bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patrons and Clients
Authors: Luqman Saka , Busari Dauda A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Godfatherism as a phenomenon has been in existence since time immemorial and continues to feature in many human endeavors. It is a sui generis practice that depicts political might, political survival and power sustenance. In Nigeria, it indicates political relevance and significance that guarantees meteoric rise in political careers. This dominant political culture has been sustained by a privileged few that have held sway over the political directions and fortunes within Nigeria’s polity. Drawing case studies from Northern and Southern Nigeria, this study explores the characteristics of presumed godfathers in Nigeria’s political sphere. It details the basic information about godfathers, their ideology, the goals that inform their kind of politics and their primordial engagements with the phenomenon. The study has major policy implications for the seemingly uneven gradation that party politics has assumed in Nigeria.
Happiness Inequality in Post-Socialist Countries during Neoliberal Transition
Authors: Arslan Hilal 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Both average levels of happiness and its distribution have dramatically changed with neoliberal transition in post-socialist countries that have been marked by chronic unhappiness. This study aims to describe the distribution of happiness by showing its levels and trajectories, and investigates the factors explaining it. The descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis were conducted by using cross-national survey data and a dataset covering country indicators. The findings show an inverse V-shaped pattern for changes in happiness inequality, although there are notable differences between individual countries. Income inequality explains cross-national differences in distribution of happiness during the first intensive reform years. However, objective health status and social trust are the most important predictors in explaining happiness inequality in consolidation and convergence periods.
Different Strokes and Different Folks
Authors: Terblanché-Greeff Aïda C. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In cross-cultural studies, cultures are often described based on their cultural values. Examples of such values are time orientation and social self-construal. Cultures might predominantly represent one of these seemingly bipolar categories, and often dualistic categories of time orientation and social self-construal are grouped, namely monochronism and individualism (MONO+INDV), as well as polychronism and collectivism (POLY+COLL). In academic literature, limited focus is allocated to unique cultural value variations or orthogonal groupings (e.g., MONO+COLL) – a clear gap in the knowledge base. In this article, through conceptual analysis, the author expounds some differences between three POLY+COLL cultures (found in South Africa, the Arab League, and China) based on their time orientation and social self-construal. She also gives accounts of the Japanese and French cultures that present with orthogonal groupings (MONO+COLL and POLY+INDV, respectively) to illustrate that such groupings – much like unique cultural value variants – should receive more focused attention in cross-cultural research.
Missives for the Future? Michael Löwy’s Close Encounters with the US Left
Authors: Wald Alan M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The oeuvre of Brazilian-born and Parisian-educated Michael Löwy is widely recognised as the achievement of an exacting revolutionary cultural worker who integrates theory with his political duties, and labours hard at his craft so that the poetic imagination can reclaim and thereby re-enchant the reified reality of capitalist modernity. Nevertheless, when we come to Löwy’s reputation in the United States we face a curious situation. There is no doubt that his work is known and respected among many activists and scholars. Yet from the perspective of the needs of the Marxist Left, the disparity is striking between what Löwy has to offer as a militant thinker and the actuality of his impact. The search for an explanation of such a discrepancy must begin with a preliminary stab at what I regard as a ‘Löwyian’ interpretation of Michael Löwy’s life and writings. The method includes an exploration of his possible ‘elective affinities’, defined in a broad sense, with the cultural and political work of US radicalism since the 1960s. Are there analogies, kinships, or attractions of meaning that have entered into a relationship of reciprocal appeal and influence? In the end, however, I conclude that the disproportion between potential and actual stems largely from fractional perceptions of his accomplishment that are rooted in the peculiarities of US Marxist thought in general and of US Trotskyism in particular. Such partial and one-sided assessments are a profound barrier because the achievement of Michael Löwy needs to be understood in its totality.
Reconstructing the List of Returnees
Authors: Segal Michael 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
One of the earliest puzzles discussed in the textual history of the Hebrew Bible is the parallel lists and count of returnees in the Restoration period that appear in Ezra 2 ‖ Nehemiah 7 ‖ 1 Esdras 5, to which both traditional and critical commentators have turned their attention. These passages have raised multiple interpretive cruxes in the interpretation of the book of Ezra-Nehemiah, including contradictions between the different versions of the list, and their internal inconsistency. The current study offers a solution for both of these issues, based upon two independent arguments: (1) a proposed arithmetic methodology for determining the original numerical details of the entries to the list according to a maximalist principle. Using this method, the attested values for each entry are compared, allowing for the reconstruction of the list in a putative original form. (2) a text-critical analysis of the verses in which the total of the returnees is summarized (Ezr 2:64–65; Neh 7:66–67; 1 Esd 5:41), which expands the boundaries of those included in the total count. When the list is reconstructed by combining these insights, then we are left with an internally coherent, almost equation of the entries with the sum total.
Understanding The Approaches Towards Internationalization of Higher Education in China: a Review
Authors: Ngao Ayubu Ismail , Sang Guoyuan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Internationalization of higher education viewed as an engine towards development of any country. National governments around the world adopted different strategies to internationalize their higher education. The current study aimed to understand the approaches towards internationalization of higher education in China. In this study 26 published articles were deeply reviewed and analyzed so as to unpack the approaches towards internationalization of higher education in China. The findings highlighted main five approaches towards internationalization of higher education in China (i) recruiting quality and diversity international students through providing scholarship and delivering quality services (ii) widening chances for Chinese students to study different programs abroad (iii) international universities collaborations or partnership, jointly researches and innovative international programs, (iv) strengthening recruitment process of excellent international academics to higher education and strongly encouraging domestic academics to go abroad for researches and (v) increasing of budget to finance higher education, international activities, international programs like English language program and Chinese culture program. Future studies should concentrate on understanding the approaches towards internationalization of higher education in other countries.
covid19 and China’s International Higher Education Policies
Authors: Qi Jing , Ma Cheng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In 2010, China announced its aspiration to build the Study in China initiative into a global education brand. A decade of active and strategic policymaking ensued and spurred the growth of international higher education in the rising Asian power. Its overarching objective of becoming the largest study-abroad destination in Asia by 2020 was fulfilled ahead of schedule in 2017. However, as the covid19 pandemic disrupted international mobilities and stunted international education in many countries, the Study in China initiative has also encountered unprecedented challenges. This study analyses the Chinese policies on international higher education between 2020 and mid-2022, and international students’ online queries and responses to these policies. This paper concludes with implications of international students’ experiences since-covid for China’s international education sector.
Analyzing the New Educational Policies on Studying Abroad in the Epidemic Era: Insight From China
Authors: Yukai Wei , Li Jian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
After the epidemic, the increase of the number of Chinese students studying abroad slowed down, and the flow scale of international students entered a downward stage, but the overall trend was still stable. The globalization of education in the epidemic period presents a new feature of “double-edged sword”. Along with the current situation of studying aboard, this study explores China’s new policy on studying abroad in the epidemic era. Overview of China’s new policy on studying abroad during the epidemic period and interpretation of China’s new policy on studying abroad during the epidemic period have been provided in this study. In addition, the suggestions and remarks have been offered in the last.
Exploring the New Educational Policies of Foreign Exchange and Cooperation in the Epidemic Era: A Policy Mapping Perspective
Authors: Li Jian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
International education is an important part of our country’s cause of reform and opening. It provides strong manpower and intellectual support for our country to implement the innovation-driven strategy, to rejuvenate our country through science and education, and to powerful person with talent strategy. Thus, this study explores Current education policies for China’s foreign exchanges and cooperation during the epidemic period, in-depth understanding of China’s foreign exchanges and cooperation during the epidemic period, and the problems and strategies of implementing the foreign exchange policy during the pandemic. The conclusion and implication have been offered in the last.
Subsurface Thermohaline Biases in the Southern Tropical Pacific and the Roles of Wind Stress and Precipitation
Authors: Zhang Qiushi , Zhu Yuchao , Zhang Rong-Hua 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Thermohaline structure and time evolution in the subsurface ocean play a critical role in climate variability and predictability. They are still poorly represented in ocean and climate models. Here, the characteristics of subsurface thermohaline biases in the southern tropical Pacific and their causes are investigated through CMIP-based analyses and model-based experiments. There exists a pronounced subsurface cold bias at 200-m depth over the southern tropical Pacific in CMIP6 simulations with an ensemble mean of about −4°C and an extreme close to −10°C. This cold bias is accompanied by a fresh subsurface bias of about −0.9 psu in the ensemble mean (−1.9 psu minimum). Similar subsurface thermohaline biases also exist in CMIP5 outputs, indicating that reduction of these biases remains a long-standing challenge for model developments. To understand the causes of these biases, attribution analyses and POP2-based sensitivity experiments are performed. It is found that the subsurface thermohaline biases are attributed to the model deficiencies in simulating wind stress curl and precipitation in the southern tropical Pacific. By conducting CESM2-based coupled experiments, a warm SST bias in the southeastern tropical Pacific is found to be responsible for the poor simulations in wind stress curl and precipitation. The consequences of these biases are also analyzed. The subsurface thermohaline biases cause the density field to increase substantially along 10°S, flattening the zonal isopycnal surface and reducing equatorward interior transport. In addition, the anomalously cold and fresh subsurface signals in the southern tropical Pacific are seen to propagate to the equator, leading to an overall spurious cooling in the equatorial subsurface.

Significance Statement
Subsurface biases severely degrade the credibility of climate models in their predictions and projections; hence, it is important to understand the causes of these subsurface biases. Our study analyzes the characteristics of subsurface thermohaline biases in the southern tropical Pacific and investigates their causes. A pronounced subsurface cold bias is found over the southern tropical Pacific, accompanied by an obvious subsurface fresh bias. By performing attribution analyses and numerical experiments, it is found that the subsurface thermohaline biases are attributed to the model deficiencies in simulating wind stress and precipitation, which are further attributed to the warm SST bias in the southeastern tropical Pacific. These results provide a guide for improving climate model performances.
Age-Related Outcomes in Le Fort Fractures
Authors: Limanto Cindy A. , Galvez Cabezas Kevin , Saadat Ghulam H. , Fu Chih Y. , Phillips Bradley J. , Bokhari Faran , Brown Laura R. 
Published: March 2023

This study aims to provide patient characteristics and short-term clinical outcomes of Le Fort fractures. Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2016 to 2019, cases involving Le Fort fractures on initial encounters were reviewed. 130 cases from 3293 facial fractures were identified. 70 cases were diagnosed with type I, 41 with type II, and 19 with type III. The male-to-female ratio was 4.9:1. Compared to geriatric patients (>65 years old), Le Fort fractures were more common among patients between the ages of 18 and 65 ( P < .003). 5.4% of patients had in-hospital complications, including sepsis, superficial-deep incisional surgical site infection, and wound disruption. Two patients (1.5%) were readmitted, while three (2.3%) underwent reoperation. Type I fractures in adult males are the most common presentation. Overall complication rates for surgical repairs are low.
Cultural and Linguistic Adaptations of Stop the Bleed in Multi-Ethnic Refugee Communities
Authors: Abdullahi Dirir , Zeidan Amy , Koganti Deepika , Feinberg Iris , O’Connor Mary Helen , Asker Samira , Butler Jennifer , Meyer Courtney , Rasheed Mustafa , Herard Kimberly , Smith Randi N. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction Stop the Bleed (STB), and other trainings that promote health education in basic trauma management techniques, is offered mostly in English and Spanish in the United States. Limited access to injury prevention training may contribute to inequities in health outcomes for individuals with limited English proficiency (LEP). Our study aims to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of STB training in 4 languages spoken in a super diverse refugee settlement community, Clarkston, GA. Methods Written STB educational materials were culturally adapted, translated, and back translated into 4 languages: Arabic, Burmese, Somali, and Swahili. Four 90-minute in-person STB trainings were conducted by medical personnel with community-based interpreters at a central and familiar location in the Clarkston community. Pre- and post-tests were administered in participant’s preferred language to evaluate change in knowledge and beliefs as well as the effectiveness of the training method. Results A total of 46 community members were trained in STB, the majority of which were women (63%). Participants demonstrated improvement in their knowledge, confidence, and comfort using STB techniques. Participants reported that 2 aspects of the training were particularly beneficial: the presence of language concordant interpreters from the community and small group hands on sessions that allowed for practicing STB techniques. Conclusion Cultural and linguistic adaptation of STB training is a feasible, cost-effective, and effective method for disseminating life-saving information and trauma education to immigrant populations who have LEP. Expansion of community training and partnerships to support the needs of diverse communities is both necessary and urgent.
Single-step genome-wide association analyses of claw horn lesions in Holstein cattle using linear and threshold models
Authors: Li Bingjie , Barden Matthew , Kapsona Vanessa , Sánchez-Molano Enrique , Anagnostopoulos Alkiviadis , Griffiths Bethany Eloise , Bedford Cherril , Dai Xiaoxia , Coffey Mike , Psifidi Androniki , Oikonomou Georgios , Banos Georgios 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Lameness in dairy cattle is primarily caused by foot lesions including the claw horn lesions (CHL) of sole haemorrhage (SH), sole ulcers (SU), and white line disease (WL). This study investigated the genetic architecture of the three CHL based on detailed animal phenotypes of CHL susceptibility and severity. Estimation of genetic parameters and breeding values, single-step genome-wide association analyses, and functional enrichment analyses were performed.

Results
The studied traits were under genetic control with a low to moderate heritability. Heritability estimates of SH and SU susceptibility on the liability scale were 0.29 and 0.35, respectively. Heritability of SH and SU severity were 0.12 and 0.07, respectively. Heritability of WL was relatively lower, indicating stronger environmental influence on the presence and development of WL than the other two CHL. Genetic correlations between SH and SU were high (0.98 for lesion susceptibility and 0.59 for lesion severity), whereas genetic correlations of SH and SU with WL also tended to be positive. Candidate quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for all CHL, including some on Bos taurus chromosome (BTA) 3 and 18 with potential pleiotropic effects associated with multiple foot lesion traits. A genomic window of 0.65 Mb on BTA3 explained 0.41, 0.50, 0.38, and 0.49% of the genetic variance for SH susceptibility, SH severity, WL susceptibility, and WL severity, respectively. Another window on BTA18 explained 0.66, 0.41, and 0.70% of the genetic variance for SH susceptibility, SU susceptibility, and SU severity, respectively. The candidate genomic regions associated with CHL harbour annotated genes that are linked to immune system function and inflammation responses, lipid metabolism, calcium ion activities, and neuronal excitability.

Conclusions
The studied CHL are complex traits with a polygenic mode of inheritance. Most traits exhibited genetic variation suggesting that animal resistance to CHL can be improved with breeding. The CHL traits were positively correlated, which will facilitate genetic improvement for resistance to CHL as a whole. Candidate genomic regions associated with lesion susceptibility and severity of SH, SU, and WL provide insights into a global profile of the genetic background underlying CHL and inform genetic improvement programmes aiming at enhancing foot health in dairy cattle.
Clinical significance and immune landscape of a novel ferroptosis-related prognosis signature in osteosarcoma
Authors: Yang Liyu , Liu Jiamei , Liu Shengye 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor that usually occurs in adolescents aged 10–20 years and is associated with poor prognosis. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death mechanism that plays a vital role in cancer.

Methods
Osteosarcoma transcriptome data were downloaded from the public database TARGET and from previous studies. A prognostic risk score signature was constructed using bioinformatics analysis, and its efficacy was determined by analyzing typical clinical features. The prognostic signature was then validated with external data. Differences in immune cell infiltration between high- and low-risk groups were analyzed. The potential of the prognostic risk signature as a predictor of immunotherapy response was evaluated using the GSE35640 (melanoma) dataset. Five key genes expression were measured by real-time PCR and western blot in human normal osteoblasts and osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, malignant biological behaviors of osteosarcoma cells were tested by modulating gene expression level.

Results
We obtained 268 ferroptosis-related genes from the online database FerrDb and published articles. Transcriptome data and clinical information of 88 samples in the TARGET database were used to classify genes into two categories using clustering analysis, and significant differences in survival status were identified. Differential ferroptosis-related genes were screened, and functional enrichment showed that they were associated with HIF-1, T cells, IL17, and other inflammatory signaling pathways. Prognostic factors were identified by univariate Cox regression and LASSO analysis, and a 5-factor prognostic risk score signature was constructed, which was also applicable for external data validation. Experimental validation indicated that the mRNA and protein expression level of MAP3K5, LURAP1L, HMOX1 and BNIP3 decreased significantly, though meanwhile MUC1 increased in MG-63 and SAOS-2 cells compared with hFOB1.19 cells. Cell proliferation and migration ability of SAOS-2 were affected based on alterations of signature genes.

Conclusions
Significant differences in immune cell infiltration between high- and low-risk groups indicated that the five ferroptosis-related prognostic signature was constructed and could be used to predict the response to immunotherapy in osteosarcoma.
Congenital hypoplastic thumbs treated by staged nonvascularized MTP joint transfer for absent MCP joints and abductor digiti minimi tendon transfer for opposition: a case series study
Authors: Zargarbashi Ramin , Panjavi Behnam , Bozorgmanesh Mohammadreza 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
We developed a 2-stage, MTP (metatarsophalangeal) joint- plus ADM (abductor digiti minimi) tendon-transfer, procedure for treatment of hypoplastic thumb. This method is intended to achieve both structural and functional goals of reconstruction. Structurally, it preserves a five-digit hand with minimal donor site complications. Functionally, it provides a functioning opposable thumb.

Case presentation
The case series included 7 patients with type IV hypoplastic thumb. At the first stage non-vascularized joint (not bone) was transplanted. In the second stage abductor digiti minimi tendon was transferred. Patients were followed for a median 5-yr period (range: 37–79 months). Functional outcome was assessed using a modified Percival assessment tool. Participants aged 17 to 36 months at the time of surgery with (2 male, 4 female). All patients were able to grasp large and small objects after the procedure. The thumb tip could actively move to touch the tips of index (2 patients) middle, ring, and little fingers (all patients) in an ulnar ward sequence and vice versa. All patients attained the ability to do lateral, palmar, and tripod pinch. As for donor site complications, none of the patients were found to have difficulty walking or keeping their balance.

Conclusions
An alternative surgical procedure was developed to reconstruct a hypoplastic thumb. We obtained a good functional and cosmetic outcome with few donor site complications. Future studies will be needed to determine the long-term outcomes, to refine the selection criteria and to examine the necessity of additional procedure at the older ages.