bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A streamlined, machine learning-derived approach to risk-stratification in heart failure patients with secondary tricuspid regurgitation
Authors: Heitzinger Gregor , Spinka Georg , Koschatko Sophia , Baumgartner Clemens , Dannenberg Varius , Halavina Kseniya , Mascherbauer Katharina , Nitsche Christian , Dona Caroliná , Koschutnik Matthias , Kammerlander Andreas , Winter Max-Paul , Strunk Guido , Pavo Noemi , Kastl Stefan , Hülsmann Martin , Rosenhek Raphael , Hengstenberg Christian , Bartko Philipp E , Goliasch Georg 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Aims
Secondary tricuspid regurgitation (sTR) is the most frequent valvular heart disease and has a significant impact on mortality. A high burden of comorbidities often worsens the already dismal prognosis of sTR, while tricuspid interventions remain underused and initiated too late. The aim was to examine the most powerful predictors of all-cause mortality in moderate and severe sTR using machine learning techniques and to provide a streamlined approach to risk-stratification using readily available clinical, echocardiographic and laboratory parameters.

Methods and results
This large-scale, long-term observational study included 3359 moderate and 1509 severe sTR patients encompassing the entire heart failure spectrum (preserved, mid-range and reduced ejection fraction). A random survival forest was applied to investigate the most important predictors and group patients according to their number of adverse features.
The identified predictors and thresholds, that were associated with significantly worse mortality were lower glomerular filtration rate (&lt;60 mL/min/1.73m2), higher NT-proBNP, increased high sensitivity C-reactive protein, serum albumin &lt; 40 g/L and hemoglobin &lt; 13 g/dL. Additionally, grouping patients according to the number of adverse features yielded important prognostic information, as patients with 4 or 5 adverse features had a fourfold risk increase in moderate sTR [4.81(3.56–6.50) HR 95%CI, P &lt; 0.001] and fivefold risk increase in severe sTR [5.33 (3.28–8.66) HR 95%CI, P &lt; 0.001].

Conclusion
This study presents a streamlined, machine learning-derived and internally validated approach to risk-stratification in patients with moderate and severe sTR, that adds important prognostic information to aid clinical-decision-making.
Glycaemic status, insulin resistance, and risk of infection-related mortality: a cohort study
Authors: Cheong Hae Suk , Chang Yoosoo , Kim Yejin , Joo Eun-Jeong , Kwon Min-Jung , Wild Sarah H , Byrne Christopher D , Ryu Seungho 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Importance
The impact of non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance on infection-related mortality risk remains unknown.

Objective
We investigated the association of glycaemic status and insulin resistance with infection-related mortality in individuals with and without diabetes.

Design
Cohort study based on Kangbuk Samsung Health Study and national death records.

Participants
About 666 888 Korean adults who underwent fasting blood measurements including glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and insulin during health-screening examinations were followed for up to 15.8 years.

Main outcome and measures
Infection-related mortality, therefore we used Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for infection-related mortality. Vital status and infection-related mortality were ascertained through national death records. Variable categories were created based on established cut-offs for glucose and HbA1c levels and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) quintiles.

Results
During a median follow-up of 8.3 years, 313 infectious disease deaths were dentified. The associations of glucose and HbA1c levels with infection-related mortality were J-shaped (P for quadratic trend&lt;.05). The multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CIs) for infection-related mortality comparing glucose levels &lt;5, 5.6-6.9, and ≥7.0 mmol/L to 5.0–5.5 mmol/L (the reference) were 2.31 (1.47–3.64), 1.65 (1.05–2.60), and 3.41 (1.66–7.00), respectively. Among individuals without diabetes, the multivariable-adjusted HR for infection-related mortality for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ≥75th centile versus &lt;75th centile) was 1.55 (1.04–2.32).

Conclusions and relevance
Both low and high glycaemic levels and insulin resistance were independently associated with increased infection-related mortality risk, indicating a possible role of abnormal glucose metabolism in increased infection-related mortality.
How to do (or not to do)…how to embed equity in the conduct of health research: lessons from piloting the 8Quity tool
Authors: Kakoti Misimi , Nambiar Devaki , Bestman Amy , Garozzo-Vaglio Damian , Buse Kent 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGlobal health research reflects and can either perpetuate or challenge the complex power hierarchies and inequities that characterize our health systems and the societies in which they are situated. The imperative to embed equity in health research aligns with broader efforts globally to promote equitable partnerships among researchers, and between researchers and the communities potentially impacted by their research, or with whom knowledge is co-produced. We describe lessons learnt from piloting a heuristic and diagnostic tool for researchers to assess integration of equity considerations into their research practices. The ‘8Quity’ tool comprises eight domains of equity we developed which roughly correspond to the typical stages in the research process—from team formation to capacity strengthening, research ethics and governance to relationships with research partners, participants and stakeholders beyond the project period. Resources that detail how this can be done on a practical level are also shared, corresponding to each of the eight domains. We acknowledge that tools like 8Quity may be helpful, even necessary, but are insufficient for the broader societal changes required to ensure equity in the research enterprise. However, by firmly setting intentions and accountabilities within our research practices, we (as researchers) can play a role, however modest, in turning the tide of the injustices that leave some communities behind.
The Paradox of Anthropocene Inaction: Knowledge Production, Mobilization, and the Securitization of Social Relations
Authors: Fagan Madeleine 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article argues that the Anthropocene produces a paradox when thinking about political mobilization. I show how the knowledge production practices that render the Anthropocene visible and actionable, including planetary boundaries, Earth System Science modeling of earth systems, and geological strata, also circulate a security rationality. This rationality is one that attempts to manage, co-opt, or productively direct processes of becoming, which limits possibilities for mobilization. A lens that assumes political mobilization is a function of increased knowledge, understanding, and evidence contributes to this problem. By starting instead with an understanding of possibilities for mobilization as emerging from social relations, the article highlights the way in which the security rationality circulated by Anthropocene knowledge production risks transforming those social relations into security relations. Netting the planet and the human together through the practices of calculation and representation that make the Anthropocene visible produces a decontextualized, disaggregated, and dispersed subject and so limits possibilities for collective political mobilization.
Identification and Functional Characterization of Two Chitin Synthases in the Black Cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Ren Meifeng , Lu Junjiao , Li Daqi , Yang Jing , Zhang Yuying , Dong Jinming , Niu Yanbing , Zhou Xuguo , Zhang Xianhong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), a seasonal migrant and a prolific generalist, can feed on nearly all vegetables and grain crops, causing considerable economic impacts on a global scale. Given its cryptic nature, A. ipsilon management has been extremely challenging. Chitin synthase (CHS), a key enzyme involved in chitin biosynthetic pathway and crucially important for the growth and development of insects, is the molecular target of chitin synthesis inhibitors, a group of broad-spectrum insecticides that is compatible with Integrated Pest Management practices. In this study, we investigated the potential of targeting chitin synthases to control A. ipsilon. As a result, two chitin synthases, AiCHS1 and AiCHS2, were identified and cloned from A. ipsilon. The temporal-spatial distribution study showed that AiCHS1 was predominantly expressed at the pupal stage and most abundant among tissues of head capsule and integument, while AiCHS2 was mainly expressed at the sixth instar larval stage and tissues of foregut and midgut. RNAi-based functional study confirmed gene silencing caused significant reduction in the expression levels of the corresponding mRNA, as well as resulted in abnormal pupation and mortality, respectively. Furthermore, under the treatment of lufenuron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, A. ipsilon responded with an elevated expression in AiCHS1 and AiCHS2, while larvae showed difficulty in shedding old cuticle, and a cumulative mortality of 69.24% at 48 h. In summary, chitin synthases are crucial for chitin biosynthesis in A. ipsilon and can be targeted for the control (e.g., RNAi-based biopesticides) of this devastating insect pest.
New Stem Boring Pest of Quinoa in the United States
Authors: Szczepaniec Adrianna , Alnajjar Gabriel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Climate change and its impact on agricultural crops is driving the expansion of cropping systems to plants better adapted to rising temperatures, prolonged periods of drought, poor soils, and high salinity. One such crop is quinoa, Chenopodium quinoa Willd (Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae), a traditionally Andean grain that has been recently adopted in dry, high-elevation regions of Colorado, Idaho, and Washington. However, in 2021, a stem-boring fly, Amauromyza karli Hendel (Diptera: Agromyzidae), was reported in quinoa grown in Colorado’s San Luis Valley and abruptly halted expansion of this climate-resilient crop. This new agromyzid pest has caused complete yield loss in some instances and contributed to substantial declines in quinoa acreage from 3,000 acres in 2021 to 900 acres in 2022. Distinguishing morphological features of A. karli adults include a yellow head, light yellow halteres, a dark brown body, and a dark brown femur and tibia that are yellow near the tips. Larvae feed within quinoa stems and destroy the pith, which disrupts nutrient transport and causes death or significant declines in yield and quality. Here, we summarize the impact of A. karli on quinoa, and discuss life history and management for other agromyzid species that can inform management of A. karli. Research focused on effective integrated management tactics including use of biological control, host plant resistance, and systemic insecticides is urgently needed to suppress this pest.
Statistical calibration for infinite many future values in linear regression: simultaneous or pointwise tolerance intervals or what else?
Authors: Han Yang , Sun Yujia , Wang Lingjiao , Liu Wei , Bretz Frank 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStatistical calibration using regression is a useful statistical tool with many applications. For confidence sets for x-values associated with infinitely many future y-values, there is a consensus in the statistical literature that the confidence sets constructed should guarantee a key property. While it is well known that the confidence sets based on the simultaneous tolerance intervals (STIs) guarantee this key property conservatively, it is desirable to construct confidence sets that satisfy this property exactly. Also, there is a misconception that the confidence sets based on the pointwise tolerance intervals (PTIs) also guarantee this property. This paper constructs the weighted simultaneous tolerance intervals (WSTIs) so that the confidence sets based on the WSTIs satisfy this property exactly if the future observations have the x-values distributed according to a known specific distribution F(⋅). Through the lens of the WSTIs, convincing counter examples are also provided to demonstrate that the confidence sets based on the PTIs do not guarantee the key property in general and so should not be used. The WSTIs have been applied to real data examples to show that the WSTIs can produce more accurate calibration intervals than STIs and PTIs.
Genome Sequence and Analysis ofNicotiana benthamiana, the Model Plant for Interactions between Organisms
Authors: Kurotani Ken-ichi , Hirakawa Hideki , Shirasawa Kenta , Tanizawa Yasuhiro , Nakamura Yasukazu , Isobe Sachiko , Notaguchi Michitaka 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNicotiana benthamiana is widely used as a model plant for dicotyledonous angiosperms. In fact, the strains used in research are highly susceptible to a wide range of viruses. Accordingly, these strains are subject to plant pathology and plant–microbe interactions. In terms of plant–plant interactions, N. benthamiana is one of the plants that exhibit grafting affinity with plants from different families. Thus, N. benthamiana is a good model for plant biology and has been the subject of genome sequencing analyses for many years. However, N. benthamiana has a complex allopolyploid genome, and its previous reference genome is fragmented into 141,000 scaffolds. As a result, molecular genetic analysis is difficult to perform. To improve this effort, de novo whole-genome assembly was performed in N. benthamiana with Hifi reads, and 1,668 contigs were generated with a total length of 3.1 Gb. The 21 longest scaffolds, regarded as pseudomolecules, contained a 2.8-Gb sequence, occupying 95.6% of the assembled genome. A total of 57,583 high-confidence gene sequences were predicted. Based on a comparison of the genome structures between N. benthamiana and N. tabacum, N. benthamiana was found to have more complex chromosomal rearrangements, reflecting the age of interspecific hybridization. To verify the accuracy of the annotations, the cell wall modification genes involved in grafting were analyzed, which revealed not only the previously indeterminate untranslated region, intron and open reading frame sequences but also the genomic locations of their family genes. Owing to improved genome assembly and annotation, N. benthamiana would increasingly be more widely accessible.
LC–ESI–MS phenolic contents assessment, antioxidant, and protective ability of Punica granatum root bark extract against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats: in silico H+, K+-ATPase inhibitory pathway study
Authors: Alimi Hichem , Mabrouk Faten Haj , Zouari Nacim , Sakly Mohsen , Rhouma Khémais Ben 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the Punica granatum root bark extract’s (PGE) antioxidant and gastroprotective activities against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in Wistar rats and to elucidate the putative mechanism of action using in silico analysis. The PGE phytochemical study shows high levels of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and polysaccharides. In vitro, the PGE was more effective at scavenging hydroxyl radicals than quercetin and had lower ferric reducing activity than catechin. In vivo, it was revealed that pretreatment of ethanol-ulcerated rats with PGE at oral doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg b.w. offered a dose-dependent shield against ethanol-induced ulcers when compared to Omeprazole (20 mg/kg b.w.) by preventing the development of deep ulcer lesions, lowering gastric juice output and pH rises, boosting gastric mucus production and antioxidant enzyme levels, and attenuating malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase contents. Moreover, the liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of PGE identified 5 phenolic acids and 4 flavonoids, which revealed an in silico high oral bioavailability, drug-likenesses, and good binding affinities and thus inhibitory effects on the gastric H+, K+-ATPase enzyme. PGE may have synergistic antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and H+, K+-proton pump inhibitory actions that contribute to its antiulcer efficacy.
Trends in Residency Academic Productivity of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Fellows Between 2012 and 2019
Authors: Huang Austin , Kirby R. Parker , Huang Kevin Y. , Du Tony , Mu Andrew , Wu Samuel , Nguyen Celine , Dang Rachel , Yoon Stephen P. , Yen Michael T. , Al-Mohtaseb Zaina 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
To characterize research productivity of ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery (OPRS) fellows during residency.

Methods:
A database was compiled of OPRS fellows listed on the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ASOPRS) Annual Fall Scientific Symposium program books who began their fellowship between 2012 and 2019. PubMed was searched for all publications published between July 1st of the year they began residency and September 30th of the year they began fellowship training. Bibliometric variables captured for each fellow included: the number of publications, first-author publications, and ophthalmology-related publications.

Results:
A total of 197 OPRS fellows who began their fellowship training between 2012 and 2019 published a mean (± SD) of 2.42 ± 2.80 publications, 1.43 ± 1.85 first-author publications, and 2.33 ± 2.74 ophthalmology-related publications during residency. Linear regression revealed that the number of publications (P < 0.001), first-author publications (P < 0.001), and ophthalmology-related publications (P < 0.001)that OPRS fellows published during residency have all significantly increased over the time assessed.

Conclusions:
The academic productivity of OPRS fellows during residency was quantified through bibliometric analysis to establish a national benchmark for the benefit of both prospective applicants and program directors. Residency research output of OPRS fellows has significantly increased between 2012 and 2019. Since ASOPRS program requirements necessitate academic productivity and thesis completion, publication records and involvement in research become valuable considerations when evaluating fellowship applicants. The knowledge of what accepted fellows have published provides the opportunity to make historical comparisons and may prove useful in the evaluation of the competitiveness of a given year’s applicant pool.
The roles of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in patients with triple-negative breast cancer and the association of tissue PSMA and claudin 1, 4, and 7 levels with PET findings
Authors: Arslan Esra , Ergül Nurhan , Beyhan Ediz , Erol Fenercioglu Özge , Sahin Rahime , Cin Merve , Battal Havare Semiha , Can Trabulus Fadime Didem , Mermut Özlem , Akbas Sinem , Fikret Çermik Tevfik 
Published: February 2023

Aim
Aim of study is to compare the results of Gallium-68-prostate-specific membrane antigen (68Ga-PSMA) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography(PET)/computed tomography (CT), to evaluate the correlation between PET findings and the level of PSMA, Claudin (Clau) 1, 4, and 7 receptors obtained by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis, and to determine potential predictive and prognostic values in TNBC.

Methods
Forty-seven lesions of 42 subjects diagnosed TNBC both underwent PET/CT scan for preoperative staging/restaging were prospectively included study. PSMA, Clau 1, 4, and 7 expressions were IHC evaluated from the biopsy samples of the primary tumor (PT). Maximum standardized uptake value(SUV max) of the PT, lymph node, and distant organ metastases (DOMs) on 18F-FDG and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT were compared with PSMA, Clau 1, 4, and 7 receptor expressions.

Results
IHC analyses on 29 BC lesions to demonstrate Clau expression showed 86% (25/29) Clau 1, 86% (25/29) Clau 4, 45% (13/29) Clau 7, and 48% (14/29) PSMA-positive. The mean DOM (SUVmax) was 15.5 ± 11.6 for 18F-FDG and 6.0 ± 2.9 for 68Ga-PSMA. Axial diameter of BC PT had a significant positive correlation with 18F-FDG SUVmax, 68Ga-PSMA SUVmax, and PSMA scores. BC lesions 68Ga-PSMA SUVmax had a significant negative correlation with the Ki-67 index. Axial diameter of the primary tumor had significant negative correlation with Clau 7 scores (r = −0.409, P = 0.034). Absence of Clau 1 expression found to significantly increase the rate of DOM (100% vs. 28%) (P = 0.014). All patients with axillary lymph node (ALN) metastases (n = 17, 100%) exhibited Clau 4 positivity (P = 0.021). The presence of PSMA expression observed to significantly increase the rate of ALN metastases (64.7% vs. 25%) (P = 0.035).

Conclusion
Confirming PSMA expression with PET imaging would be significant as PSMA, a theranostic agent, may be a considerable potential agent for radionuclide treatment strategies, in addition to its additional diagnostic contribution to FDG, especially in patients with metastatic TNBC, which is an aggressive, heterogeneous disease.
Factors Affecting Presentation and Treatment of Pediatric/Adolescent Cancer Patients Diagnosed With SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Sharma Ishna , Hamby Tyler , Noorani Sahil , Liu Angela , Omar Salma , Ahmad Hufsa , Watts Shelley , Hoeft Alice , Whitworth Suzanne , Ray Anish 
Published: February 2023

Background:
It is thought that the clinical course of actively treated pediatric/adolescent cancer patients diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is more severe than experienced by the general pediatric population. We describe the clinical course, risk factors affecting presentation, and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection for these patients.

Methods:
Patients at a single institution receiving cancer therapy while diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 between January 2020 and June 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Data collected included age at SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, sex, ethno-race, adjusted body mass index, and active therapies.

Results:
Twenty-nine patients met inclusion criteria, with 16 (55.2%) experiencing symptoms. Twenty-three (79.3%) patients required no institutional support; 10 (34.4%) required hospitalization, of which 80.0% required oxygen, 30.0% required intensive care, and 10.0% required intubation. Three (10.3%) patients developed MIS-C. Obesity increased odds of hospitalization (odds ratio=25.5; P=0.002) and oxygenation (odds ratio=14.88; P=0.012).

Conclusions:
Hospitalization and MIS-C rates were significantly higher than, whereas mortality rates and symptom presentations were consistent with, rates in the general pediatric population. Obesity was the only risk factor predictive of clinical severity. Cancer treatment modifications and pre-emptive administration of COVID-19 treatment did not modify clinical course.