bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is a food system? Exploring enactments of the food system multiple
Authors: Brock Samara 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecent years have seen widespread calls to transform food systems to address complex demands such as feeding a growing global population while reducing environmental impacts. But what is a food system and how can we most effectively work to change it? “Food System” can be found describing more limited dietary regimens as well as sector-specific supply chains going back to the 1930s, but its use to describe very large, dynamic, coupled socio-ecological systems gained traction in academic and civil society publications in the 1990s and this use of the term has increased dramatically in recent years. When the influential food system actors from non-governmental organizations, foundations, consultancies, and the UN that this research focuses on talk about food systems, they seem to be talking about the same thing. Yet the interpretive flexibility of the concept obfuscates that people may have very different framings that may be deeply incompatible. Drawing from interviews, participant observation, and document analysis, this paper examines what food systems thinking does in terms of setting the stage for how we enact the food system and efforts to intervene in it. It reveals that rather than leading to more expansive understanding, the unexamined use of the concept food system might actually serve to sharpen divides.
A Scoping Review of Oral Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for Cisgender and Transgender Adolescent Girls and Young Women: What Works and Where Do We Go from Here?
Authors: Dayton Robyn L. , Fonner Virginia A. , Plourde Kate F. , Sanyal Ameya , Arney Jennifer , Orr Tracy , Nhamo Definate , Schueller Jane , Limb Annaliese M. , Torjesen Kristine 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAdolescent girls and young women (AGYW) are disproportionately affected by HIV, and oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can reduce HIV acquisition. The purpose of this scoping review was to synthesize results from interventions along the PrEP continuum for AGYW to inform research and programs. We searched electronic databases for studies published between January 2012–July 2021 and conducted secondary reference searching. Studies were included if they assessed interventions to increase PrEP interest, uptake, or continuation among AGYW. Results were synthesized narratively. Of 2168 citations identified, 50 studies were eligible for inclusion, and 20 contained AGYW-specific data. Among cisgender and transgender AGYW, studies overall demonstrated a positive impact on PrEP interest and uptake but generally attained suboptimal continuation rates. Results demonstrate feasibility of deploying PrEP across diverse settings—particularly when interventions are layered, tailored to AGYW, and include differentiated delivery—but also highlight knowledge gaps and the need for more holistic metrics of success.
Optimal bailout strategies resulting from the drift controlled supercooled Stefan problem
Authors: Cuchiero Christa , Reisinger Christoph , Rigger Stefan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe consider the problem faced by a central bank which bails out distressed financial institutions that pose systemic risk to the banking sector. In a structural default model with mutual obligations, the central agent seeks to inject a minimum amount of cash in order to limit defaults to a given proportion of entities. We prove that the value of the central agent’s control problem converges as the number of defaultable institutions goes to infinity, and that it satisfies a drift controlled version of the supercooled Stefan problem. We compute optimal strategies in feedback form by solving numerically a regularized version of the corresponding mean field control problem using a policy gradient method. Our simulations show that the central agent’s optimal strategy is to subsidise banks whose equity values lie in a non-trivial time-dependent region.
Synthesising 35 years of invasive non-native species research
Authors: Stevenson Emily A. , Robertson Peter , Hickinbotham Emily , Mair Louise , Willby Nigel J. , Mill Aileen , Booy Olaf , Witts Kirsty , Pattison Zarah 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe growing focus on the threat of invasive non-native species (INNS) in international biodiversity targets highlights a need for targeted research to support effective understanding, legislation, and management. However, the publishing landscape of invasion biology is complex and expanding rapidly, making consolidation of information increasingly challenging. To identify the major research themes in the INNS literature and to understand how these have changed over the last 35 years, we applied a topic modelling approach. We analysed approximately 10,000 peer-reviewed article abstracts to identify 50 key topics being discussed in the literature. We also quantified how publications on these topics changed over time and how commonly different topics interacted within articles as a measure of their connectedness. Topics covering Population genetics, Policy, First records and Insect biocontrol were the most frequent. Topics were grouped into broad themes, with the largest theme related to Ecosystems, followed by Monitoring, then Management and decision-making. Significant overrepresentation for particular geographical regions and taxa in the literature were apparent. Considering relative changes through time, the most prevalent topics in each decade reflected policy influences, and technological developments. When assessing the degree of connectedness- Policy, Population Genetics and Management Strategies showed low levels of co-occurrence with other topics. This is of particular concern for topics focussed on Policy and Management Strategy as it suggests a weakness at the science-policy interface around accessing and exchanging of evidence. If progress towards future global targets is to be made, we argue that more interdisciplinary research must be encouraged, in particular to better incorporate policy and management considerations into the wider research landscape.
Discretization of inherent ODEs and the geometric integration of DAEs with symmetries
Authors: Kunkel Peter , Mehrmann Volker 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDiscretization methods for differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) are considered that are based on the integration of an associated inherent ordinary differential equation (ODE). This allows to make use of any discretization scheme suitable for the numerical integration of ODEs. For DAEs with symmetries it is shown that the inherent ODE can be constructed in such a way that it inherits the symmetry properties of the given DAE and geometric properties of its flow. This in particular allows the use of geometric integration schemes with a numerical flow that has analogous geometric properties.
Computation of the unit in the first place (ufp) and the unit in the last place (ulp) in precision-p base $$\beta $$
Authors: Rump Siegfried M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere are simple algorithms to compute the predecessor, successor, unit in the first place, unit in the last place etc. in binary arithmetic. In this note equally simple algorithms for computing the unit in the first place and the unit in the last place in precision-pbase-$$\beta $$βarithmetic with$$p \geqslant 1$$p⩾1and with$$\beta \geqslant 2$$β⩾2are presented. The algorithms work in the underflow range, and numbers close to overflow are treated by scaling. The algorithms use only the basic operations with directed rounding. If the successor (or predecessor) of a floating-point number is available, an algorithm in rounding to nearest is presented as well.
Increased Cortical Activity in Novices Compared to Experts During Table Tennis: A Whole-Brain fNIRS Study Using Threshold-Free Cluster Enhancement Analysis
Authors: Carius Daniel , Herold Fabian , Clauß Martina , Kaminski Elisabeth , Wagemann Florian , Sterl Clemens , Ragert Patrick 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere is a growing interest to understand the neural underpinnings of high-level sports performance including expertise-related differences in sport-specific skills. Here, we aimed to investigate whether expertise level and task complexity modulate the cortical hemodynamics of table tennis players. 35 right-handed table tennis players (17 experts/18 novices) were recruited and performed two table tennis strokes (forehand and backhand) and a randomized combination of them. Cortical hemodynamics, as a proxy for cortical activity, were recorded using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, and the behavioral performance (i.e., target accuracy) was assessed via video recordings. Expertise- and task-related differences in cortical hemodynamics were analyzed using nonparametric threshold-free cluster enhancement. In all conditions, table tennis experts showed a higher target accuracy than novices. Furthermore, we observed expertise-related differences in widespread clusters compromising brain areas being associated with sensorimotor and multisensory integration. Novices exhibited, in general, higher activation in those areas as compared to experts. We also identified task-related differences in cortical activity including frontal, sensorimotor, and multisensory brain areas. The present findings provide empirical support for the neural efficiency hypothesis since table tennis experts as compared to novices utilized a lower amount of cortical resources to achieve superior behavioral performance. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the task complexity of different table tennis strokes is mirrored in distinct cortical activation patterns. Whether the latter findings can be useful to monitor or tailor sport-specific training interventions necessitates further investigations.
Class structuration, reproduction, and the politics of labour in India
Authors: Strümpell Christian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The statement discusses Jonathan Parry’s recent monograph, Classes of Labour, and in particular his “labour aristocracy” thesis of the most privileged sections of India’s workforces that had been widely accepted in the social sciences in the 1970s but that had later been discarded. It is argued that the ethnography of an industrial town in Central India he presents in the monograph convincingly demonstrates that the relative privileges of public-sector employment have fostered the bifurcation of the town’s industrial workers into two major distinct classes with different life chances, different attitudes to caste, and with often antagonistic political interests. Classes of Labour also demonstrates that Giddens’ concept of “class structuration” offers a suitable theoretical grounding for identifying the major fault lines and driving forces of class formation in his case study but also for a controlled comparison between case studies across India and beyond. This statement moreover argues that this approach conceives of class as an historical, dynamic object, and it asks whether the current crises of class reproduction in the times of jobless growth might provoke a major change in the structuration of classes in India.
Leader support and the integration of innovative teaching–learning technologies: the mediating role of technological level of knowledge
Authors: Landa Elizabeth , Zhu Chang , Sesabo Jennifer , Machumu Haruni 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhile there have been recent trends in investigating the role of leader support on technological integration, such research in educational settings is rare. Moreover, the attention paid towards investigating leadership support for the integration of technological changes in education has not led to the explicit specification of what support teachers would entail from their mid-level academic leaders regarding the current challenge of ITLTs-low uptake in developing countries. Therefore, the present study investigates the influence of leader support and integration of ITLTs among academicians of the selected Tanzanian universities, mediating the effect of the Technological Knowledge Level (TKL). A questionnaire was used as the main collection tool to collect data from 192 academic staff. The study used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyse the extent to which leader support influences the integration of ITLTs, mediated by the TKL when controlled for demographic factors such as age, gender, and ITLTs prior knowledge. The yielded results reveal that the integration of ITLTs among academics is positively influenced by leader support; the higher the support the academics receive from their leaders, the better the integration of ITLTs. Furthermore, the perceived leader support is also predictive of academicians’ technological knowledge level; however, no significant effect of technological knowledge level was found when mediating the two variables, indicating that leaders support strongly influenced the integration of ITLTs. This study, therefore, proves the inclusive findings and extends the research on the potential of mid-level academic leadership to bring about educational change in higher learning and thus, enhance the integration of ITLTs.
Hematologic toxicities of chemotherapy in breast and ovarian cancer patients carrying BRCA1/BRCA2 germline pathogenic variants. A single center experience and review of the literature
Authors: Hu-Heimgartner Ketty , Lang Noémie , Ayme Aurélie , Ming Chang , Combes Jean‑Damien , Chappuis Victor N. , Vazquez Carla , Friedlaender Alex , Vuilleumier Aurélie , Bodmer Alexandre , Viassolo Valeria , Sandoval José L , Chappuis Pierre O. , Labidi-Galy S. Intidhar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBRCA1 and BRCA2 play a central role in DNA repair and their germline pathogenic variants (gBRCA) confer a high risk for developing breast and ovarian cancer. Standard chemotherapy regimens for these cancers include DNA-damaging agents. We hypothesized that gBRCA carriers might be at higher risk of developing chemotherapy-related hematologic toxicity and therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN). We conducted a retrospective study of women newly diagnosed with invasive breast or ovarian cancer who were screened for gBRCA1/gBRCA2 at Geneva University Hospitals. All patients were treated with (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy. We evaluated acute hematologic toxicities by analyzing the occurrence of febrile neutropenia and severe neutropenia (grade 4) at day 7–14 of the first cycle of chemotherapy and G-CSF use during the entire chemotherapy regimen. Characteristics of t-MN were collected. We reviewed medical records from 447 patients: 58 gBRCA1 and 40 gBRCA2 carriers and 349 non-carriers. gBRCA1 carriers were at higher risk of developing severe neutropenia (32% vs. 14.5%, p = 0.007; OR = 3.3, 95% CI [1.6-7], p = 0.001) and of requiring G-CSF for secondary prophylaxis (58.3% vs. 38.2%, p = 0.011; OR = 2.5, 95% CI [1.4–4.8], p = 0.004). gBRCA2 carriers did not show increased acute hematologic toxicities. t-MN were observed in 2 patients (1 gBRCA1 and one non-carrier). Our results suggested an increased acute hematologic toxicity upon exposure to chemotherapy for breast and ovarian cancer among gBRCA1 but not gBRCA2 carriers. A deeper characterization of t-MN is warranted with the recent development of PARP inhibitors in frontline therapy in gBRCA breast and ovarian cancer.
On Gravimetric Detection of Thin Elongated Sources Using the Growth Inversion Approach
Authors: Bódi Jozef , Vajda Peter , Camacho Antonio G. , Papčo Juraj , Fernández José 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThin elongated sources, such as dykes, sills, chimneys, inclined sheets, etc., often encountered in volcano gravimetric studies, pose great challenges to gravity inversion methods based on model exploration and growing sources bodies. The Growth inversion approach tested here is based on partitioning the subsurface into right-rectangular cells and populating the cells with differential densities in an iterative weighted mixed adjustment process, in which the minimization of the data misfit is balanced by forcing the growing subsurface density distribution into compact source bodies. How the Growth inversion can cope with thin elongated sources is the subject of our study. We use synthetic spatiotemporal gravity changes caused by simulated sources placed in three real volcanic settings. Our case studies demonstrate the benefits and limitations of the Growth inversion as applied to sparse and noisy gravity change data generated by thin elongated sources. Such sources cannot be reproduced by Growth accurately. They are imaged with smaller density contrasts, as much thicker, with exaggerated volume. Despite this drawback, the Growth inversion can provide useful information on several source parameters even for thin elongated sources, such as the position (including depth), the orientation, the length, and the mass, which is a key factor in volcano gravimetry. Since the density contrast of a source is not determined by the inversion, but preset by the user to run the inversion process, it cannot be used to specify the nature of the source process. The interpretation must be assisted by external constraints such as structural or tectonic controls, or volcanological context. Synthetic modeling and Growth inversions, such as those presented here, can serve also for optimizing the volcano monitoring gravimetric network design. We conclude that the Growth inversion methodology may, in principle, prove useful even for the detection of thin elongated sources of high density contrast by providing useful information on their position, shape (except for thickness) and mass, despite the strong ambiguity in determining their differential density and volume. However, this yielded information may be severely compromised in reality by the sparsity and noise of the interpreted gravity data.
Towards autoregulation-oriented management after traumatic brain injury: increasing the reliability and stability of the CPPopt algorithm
Authors: Beqiri Erta , Ercole Ari , Aries Marcel J. H. , Placek Michal M. , Tas Jeanette , Czosnyka Marek , Stocchetti Nino , Smielewski Peter ,   CENTER-TBI High Resolution (HR ICU) Sub-Study Participants and Investigators, Anke Audny , Beer Ronny , Bellander Bo-Michael , Beqiri Erta , Buki Andras , Cabeleira Manuel , Carbonara Marco , Chieregato Arturo , Citerio Giuseppe , Clusmann Hans , Czeiter Endre , Czosnyka Marek , Depreitere Bart , Ercole Ari , Frisvold Shirin , Helbok Raimund , Jankowski Stefan , Kondziella Daniel , Koskinen Lars-Owe , Kowark Ana , Menon David K. , Meyfroidt Geert , Moeller Kirsten , Nelson David , Piippo-Karjalainen Anna , Radoi Andreea , Ragauskas Arminas , Raj Rahul , Rhodes Jonathan , Rocka Saulius , Rossaint Rolf , Sahuquillo Juan , Sakowitz Oliver , Smielewski Peter , Stocchetti Nino , Sundström Nina , Takala Riikka , Tamosuitis Tomas , Tenovuo Olli , Unterberg Andreas , Vajkoczy Peter , Vargiolu Alessia , Vilcinis Rimantas , Wolf Stefan , Younsi Alexander , Zeiler Frederick A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
CPPopt denotes a Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) value at which the Pressure-Reactivity index, reflecting the global state of Cerebral Autoregulation, is best preserved. CPPopt has been investigated as a potential dynamically individualised CPP target in traumatic brain injury patients admitted in intensive care unit. The prospective bedside use of the concept requires ensured safety and reliability of the CPP recommended targets based on the automatically-generated CPPopt. We aimed to: Increase stability and reliability of the CPPopt automated algorithm by fine-tuning; perform outcome validation of the adjusted algorithm in a multi-centre TBI cohort.

Methods
ICM + software was used to derive CPPopt and fine-tune the algorithm. Parameters for improvement of the algorithm were selected based on qualitative and quantitative assessment of stability and reliability metrics. Patients enrolled in the Collaborative European Neuro Trauma Effectiveness Research in TBI (CENTER-TBI) high-resolution cohort were included for retrospective validation. Yield and stability of the new algorithm were compared to the previous algorithm using Mann–U test. Area under the curves for mortality prediction at 6 months were compared with the DeLong Test.

Results
CPPopt showed higher stability (p < 0.0001), but lower yield compared to the previous algorithm [80.5% (70—87.5) vs 85% (75.7—91.2), p < 0.001]. Deviation of CPPopt could predict mortality with an AUC of [AUC = 0.69 (95% CI 0.59–0.78), p < 0.001] and was comparable with the previous algorithm.

Conclusion
The CPPopt calculation algorithm was fine-tuned and adapted for prospective use with acceptable lower yield, improved stability and maintained prognostic power.
Validation of a Spanish Adaptation of the Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (G-SAS) in Persons with Recent History of Gambling
Authors: Diaz-Sanahuja Laura , Paredes-Mealla Macarena , Suso-Ribera Carlos , García-Palacios Azucena , Bretón-López Juana María 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGambling is becoming increasingly frequent and problematic, especially due to the explosion of online alternatives. Evaluating the severity of gambling symptomatology is therefore more important than ever. However, innovations in the gambling field have generally focused on its treatment rather than its evaluation. The Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (G-SAS) is a well-established measure of gambling-related symptomatology (e.g., gambling urges, gambling-related thoughts and behaviours, and interpersonal functioning). The aim of this study is to validate a Spanish adaptation of the G-SAS so that individual differences in gambling symptomatology can be assessed by clinicians and researchers. The internal structure of the G-SAS was investigated using an exploratory factor analysis with a sample of 364 individuals from the general population in Spain (mean age = 28.84 years, SD = 11.73; 54% males). A four-factor structure was preferred considering fit indices (Chi-square = 22.62, p = .162, RMSEA = 0.030, CFI = 0.998, TLI = 0.995) and internal consistency estimates (0.67 ≤ α ≤ 0.89). The factors were labelled gambling-related symptoms, control of gambling urges/thoughts, interference, and arousal. Regarding construct validity, the four factors of the G-SAS were positively and significantly (all p < .001) correlated with measures of problematic gambling severity (0.40 ≤ r ≤ .73), problematic gambling diagnostic (0.40 ≤ r ≤ .67), gambling cognitions (0.48 ≤ r ≤ .57), impulsivity (0.26 ≤ r ≤ .42), anxiety (0.22 ≤ r ≤ .38), and depression (0.16 ≤ r ≤ .42), and negatively with quality of life (-0.24 ≤ r≤-.42). In sum, this study provides Spanish clinicians and researchers with a tool that serves to assess the status of individuals in relation to gambling symptomatology, which can be used to screen for at-risk profiles and evaluate treatment response.