bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of integrated medicines management on the quality of drug treatment in hospitalised multimorbid patients — a secondary endpoint analysis of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Syversen Malin Olsen , Shah Sarah Farhin , Mathiesen Liv , Mowé Morten , Lea Marianne 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the effect of integrated medicines management provided to hospitalised multimorbid patients on the quality of drug treatment at discharge measured as the mean number of potential prescribing omissions and potentially inappropriate medicines.

Methods
Multimorbid patients ≥18 years, using a minimum of four regular drugs from a minimum of two therapeutic drug classes, were recruited from the Internal Medicine ward, Oslo University Hospital, Norway, from August 2014 to March 2016 and randomly assigned, 1:1, to the intervention or control group. Intervention patients received integrated medicines management throughout the hospital stay. Control patients received standard care. This paper reports the results of a pre-specified secondary endpoint analysis of a randomised controlled trial; the difference between the intervention and control group at discharge in the mean number of potential prescribing omissions and potentially inappropriate medicines, measured with START-2 and STOPP-2 criteria, respectively. The difference between the groups was calculated using rank analysis.

Key findings
In total, 386 patients were analysed. Integrated medicines management reduced the mean number of potential prescribing omissions at discharge, compared to the control group, 1.34 versus 1.57, respectively (mean difference 0.23, 95% CI 0.07–0.38, P = 0.005, adjusted for values at admission). There was no difference in the mean number of potentially inappropriate medicines at discharge (1.84 versus 1.88, respectively; mean difference 0.03, 95% CI −0.18 to 0.25, P = 0.762, adjusted for values at admission).

Conclusions
Integrated medicines management delivered to multimorbid patients during a hospital stay led to an improvement in undertreatment. No effect on deprescribing of inappropriate treatment was seen.
God, Purpose, and Reality
Authors: Bishop John , Perszyk Ken 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Euteleology is a metaphysics according to which reality is inherently purposive and the contingent Universe exists ultimately because reality’s overall telos, the supreme good, is realized within it. This book provides an exposition of euteleology and a defence of its coherence. The main aim is to establish that euteleological metaphysics provides a religiously adequate alternative to the ‘personal-omniGod’ understanding of theism prevalent amongst analytic philosophers. The quest for an alternative to understanding the God of the Abrahamic traditions as an omnipotent, omniscient, morally perfect personal being is motivated by criticizing the religious adequacy of this conception of God. This criticism deploys a ‘normatively relativized’ version of the ‘logical’ Argument from Evil: it is argued that an omnipotent personal agent would unavoidably be responsible for a morally flawed relationship with human beings caught up in horrendous evils. Reasons are given for preferring a ‘non-personalist’ account of theism, and the religious adequacy of a euteleological theism is then defended against two main objections—first, that it faces a problem of evil that threatens its coherence, and, second, that it cannot make good sense of the practices of prayer and worship that are essential to theist religion. An important theme is that, though God is not a personal being, nor any kind of ‘being amongst beings’ in basic euteleological ontology, God-talk may be understood as resting on a radical analogy that is apt for enabling right human responses to ultimate divine reality.
God, the Divine, and the Divine Attributes
Authors: Bishop John , Perszyk Ken 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the place of God in euteleological theism. It argues that God is not to be identified with any entity in euteleology’s basic ontology—not with the Universe as a whole, or with reality’s principle of unity (its eutelicity), or with the supreme good which is reality’s telos, or with concrete realizations of reality’s telos. Yet euteleology accepts that truths may be conveyed by claims about God’s acting in creating and within creation. It provides an account of creation ex nihilo and of God’s distinctness from creation, as well as of the divine attributes. It generally leaves in place traditional scriptural, liturgical, and creedal personal language about God. Personal language about God is understood by a radical analogous extension or projection from our understanding of personal language as applied to human agents, where the very thought of God as an entity is itself possible only by a process of extending by analogy our ‘thing-property’ schema to apply to the unique case of ultimate reality itself. In ways we cannot fully comprehend, the truth-makers for these analogously constructed claims will be some aspect of ultimate reality itself being the way it is when euteleological theism is true. Despite its account of God-as-a-thing as a cognitive construction, it is argued that a euteleological theism is robustly realist. The chapter concludes by discussing the sense(s) in which euteleology may be regarded as a panentheism.
A Tragic King
Authors: Nicholson Emma 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chapter 5 explores the use of a tragic mode in Polybius’ description of Philip’s last years and the implications such a styling has for Polybius’ account of the king, our understanding of his methodology, and our conception of ancient historiography. It revisits old scholarly debates surrounding Philip’s last years, his intentions towards Rome, and Polybius’ views on dramatic elements in history, and asserts that the use of a tragic style was not itself abhorrent in Polybius’ conception of good historiography, but rather the extent to which it distorted the truth. It argues that Polybius deliberately approached the end of Philip’s life with such tragic styling because it was consistent with his overall depiction of the king, offered his readers familiar grounds from which to think about the king, and enabled him to impart what he saw as crucial lessons in politics and moral behaviour.
Election Supervision in Indonesia
Authors: Siregar Fritz 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
After General Election Law (Law 7/2017) was enacted, enormous authority to adjudicate election disputes was given to the General Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu). This authority leads to a question: could Bawaslu become a fully functioning election tribunal? In order to adjudicate election disputes and administrative violations, each member of Bawaslu from the regency to provincial level and national level undertakes a role very similar to a judge in a court. This judicial function is core to the work of Bawaslu at all levels of elections. The difference with courts is that Bawaslu must make a decision on disputes or complaints within a short time frame. There are two main questions that need to be answered in regard to Bawaslu’s authority. First, could Bawaslu become an election tribunal and, if so, should it possess authority to adjudicate election result disputes? Second, if so, should Bawaslu remain independent or fall under the authority of the Supreme Court like other specialized courts do? This chapter discusses the merits of these options for reform in the context of comparative literature on electoral accountability.
A Course on Plasticity Theory
Authors: Steigmann David J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This work, concerned with the conceptual foundations of continuum plasticity theory, emphasizes a unifying perspective grounded in the fundamental notion of material symmetry. This affords a systematic framework for the proper understanding of established models of plasticity and for their modern extensions and generalizations. Particular emphasis is placed on the differential-geometric aspects of the subject and their role in illuminating the kinematical basis of plasticity theory. Classical models, together with several alternatives of interest in contemporary research, are developed in a unified format. The book is addressed to graduate students and specialists working in the field of continuum mechanics.
Music and Musicians—and Why the Brain Matters
Authors: Svard Lois 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Music has traditionally been studied as a cultural product, an art form reflecting a specific time and place. However, since making music requires complex auditory processing, memory storage and retrieval, motor programming, and sensory-motor integration, music can also be studied as science, and neuroscientists are increasingly studying musicians and the process of making music to learn more about the structure and function of the human brain. There is no single area in the brain where music is processed. Instead, various elements of music are processed in areas throughout the brain and are connected by vast neural networks. Brain networks that process music have been identified through imaging studies as well as through lesion studies. Research into aphasia, amusia, musical alexia, and musical savants suggest that music and language are processed separately in the brain. Discoveries in neuroscience, behavioral and cognitive psychology, archaeology, biology, and other areas are leading researchers to conclude that music has biological foundations, and that we are hardwired for music just as we are for language.
Does Music Really Make You Smarter?
Authors: Svard Lois 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
There is no evidence that listening to music makes one smarter, but there is considerable evidence that learning to play a musical instrument and making music gives lifelong cognitive advantages in many areas. Neural resources developed while studying music have both a near transfer effect (areas closely related to music) and a far transfer effect (areas unrelated to music). Studying music has a far transfer effect on the study of mathematics; they share spatial-temporal reasoning. Studying music also has a far transfer effect on executive function skills (inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) and on speech processing abilities. Musicians have heightened responses to the acoustic details of speech (pitch, timing, timbre), and because the same auditory pathway is used for both music and speech, the enhancements from studying music transfer to speech processing and language. Because studying music has a transfer effect to speech processing, community or in-school music classes can improve the neural encoding of speech for at-risk children, leading to better language development and reading, and thus to academic success.
Secular Resurrections
Authors: Trigg Christopher 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chapter 5 examines secular adaptations of resurrection in the early national and the antebellum eras. It identifies three ways in which writers, thinkers, and politicians used the doctrine to envision the future of the United States. First, they employed resurrection metaphorically, in general political speech or in detailed commentaries that applied the eschatological scriptures to American history. Second, they invoked the concept metonymically, arguing that the democratization of social structures would bring about a corporeal improvement of the citizenry, increasing longevity and enhancing mental capacities. Third, they discussed resurrection literally, with some arguing that belief in the concept needed to be rejected for humanity to reach its full secular potential. In the nineteenth century, sentimentalists, Spiritualists, and materialists all cast doubt on traditional Protestant teachings about resurrection. Nevertheless, their interest in the problems with corporeal life after death demonstrated that the idea still had influence over the American religious imagination.
Introduction
Authors: Peels Rik 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This first chapter provides a short introduction to the book. First, it sketches a brief history of the study of ignorance. There is a lack of serious investigation into ignorance: apart from the apophatic tradition in the ancient world and the Middle Ages and the more recent fields of agnotology, philosophy of race, and feminist philosophy, ignorance itself has received little philosophical attention. It is then laid out how the field that one would expect to have studied ignorance in detail, namely, epistemology, has failed to do so. The chapter also explores why this could be the case. Subsequently, it is explained what is new about this book and how this fills the important gap in the study of ignorance: it develops and applies an epistemology of ignorance. Finally, it gives a brief overview of the chapters ahead.
Degrees of Ignorance
Authors: Peels Rik 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter seeks to understand what it is for ignorance to come in degrees. It first provides a short metaphysical exploration of what degrees are. It argues that there are at least three ways in which something can come in degrees: it displays the determinable–determinate relation, it stands in the type–token relation, or it is constituted by stereotypical properties. It then considers whether propositional, objectual, and practical ignorance admit of degrees. It turns out that they do, albeit in somewhat different ways. Finally, this chapter considers whether group ignorance comes in degrees. It argues that it does, partly for the reasons individual propositional, objectual, and practical ignorance come in degrees, but also for reasons that are unique to group ignorance.
White Ignorance
Authors: Peels Rik 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter zooms in on the concept of white ignorance in the philosophy of race and brings the epistemology of ignorance to bear on this pivotal notion. As some have suggested that the philosophy of race employs a rival notion of ignorance in comparison with the conception of ignorance in epistemology, it first explores whether we need to revise the view on the nature of ignorance that was defended in the first part of this book. After that, it puts the threefold distinction between propositional, objectual, and practical ignorance to work for white ignorance. Next, it explores whether white ignorance can take the shape of each of the six varieties of propositional ignorance: disbelieving, suspending, undecided, unconsidered, deep, and complete ignorance. It then shows how the philosophy of race can benefit from an account of group ignorance, particularly the Dynamic Account developed and defended in chapter 5. Finally, it details how an account of degrees of ignorance can be usefully employed in studying degrees of white ignorance.
Ignorance That Excuses
Authors: Peels Rik 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores when ignorance is an excuse. It first spells out what it is to be excused for something: one did something wrong by violating an obligation and one is blameless for that. Next, it is argued that an excuse can be provided by ignorance of four kinds of propositions: ignorance of one’s having the obligation in question, ignorance of one’s having the ability to meet that obligation, ignorance of how to meet that obligation, and lack of foresight regarding that obligation. It follows that normative ignorance can excuse as well as factive ignorance. Moreover, there are important differences between the extents to which varieties of ignorance excuse. Disbelieving, unconsidered, deep, and complete ignorance normally fully excuse, whereas suspending and undecided ignorance provide at most a partial excuse. Practical and objectual ignorance can excuse as well. Finally, it is considered when ignorance counts as an excuse for a group.
Introduction
Authors: McGraw Andrew 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The introduction describes the author’s reflective experiences of music as ethics, first in Indonesia and later in his community in Virginia. It then outlines the timeline and location of the research for the book and describes the methodologies. Summaries of each chapter are presented, outlining the social scene, musical forms, and the role of music as ethics in each of the four communities. The introduction concludes with a brief summary of the main thesis of this book: Music’s complexity and semantic ambiguity affords our ability to experience it as ethics, and the emotions it evokes can motivate ethical lives, helping us speculate on new forms of the common good.
Conclusion
Authors: McGraw Andrew 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter concerns a more general discussion of music’s relationship to ethics. Although the principles of traditional normative ethics are sometimes observable in musical interactions, evidence from the communities suggests that they have limited utility for describing the everyday experience of music as ethics. This is because they are optimized for individualistic action, whereas musical interactions emerge from a fundamentally relational ontology encouraging us to constantly shift between egocentric and non-egocentric perspectives. Concepts of situated reasoning and virtue better describe this dynamic. Finally, this chapter argues that the shared experience of music as ethics is uniquely relevant to responding to social crises in modern pluralistic societies because it affords opportunities to imagine new forms of the common good across social–cultural difference.
More Related Than Distinct
Authors: Kampourakis Kostas 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this chapter I present evidence that most human DNA variation is found within rather than between populations. This entails that any two humans are more likely to be overall similar than different. In addition, it is not possible to make inferences for individuals from the study of human DNA variation in populations, because there are no DNA markers that are distinctive of any human social group. Whether we predefine populations for these analyses, or we let them emerge through them, the common conclusion is that there are no human populations that are both genetically homogeneous and genetically distinct from others. Whenever we find such differences, they are not clear-cut, as the underlying DNA variation is continuous. As a result, the arguments that races have a biological basis are flawed and not supported at all by DNA evidence.
India’s Internal Security in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Staniland Paul 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores patterns of Indian response to non-state armed actors. It argues that the use of both force and accommodation varies by political context, the type of conflict and violence being faced, and geographic location. Nationalist ideas matter at the macro-level, helping to determine which groups and conflicts are seen as worthy of high-cost repression and sustained efforts at violence monopolization, and which can instead be managed in a fairly loose and flexible way. The goals of violence are also crucial for determining the political threat perceived, with anti-state insurgencies receiving a much different response than the murky world of electoral violence, private armies, and thugs. Border areas receive particular attention, contributing to an interesting blend of hard-line suppression in some areas with the creation of buffer zones and even toleration of cross-border insurgents in others. There is incredible heterogeneity in responses to organized political violence in India.
The Military in Internal Security
Authors: Ahuja Amit , Raghavan Srinath 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In addition to protecting the state from external threats, militaries in many countries also secure the state internally. This chapter focuses on counterinsurgency, the Indian Army’s most consequential internal security mission. Three arguments emerge from our analysis of the army’s use in internal security. First, the army, which partly inherited its internal security role from its colonial parent, continued its domestic engagement after 1947 to preserve national unity and India’s territorial integrity. Second, tasked to pacify multiple insurgencies simultaneously, the army adopted different approaches for different theatres. To fight the insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir, it raised sixty-five battalions of the Rashtriya Rifles and it oversaw the expansion of the Assam Rifles, a paramilitary force it has administered since 1962 to confront insurgencies in the North East. Third, its successes at controlling violence notwithstanding, the army’s prolonged and substantial engagement with counterinsurgency has possibly distorted civil-military relations, endangered the army’s professionalism, and arguably undermined military effectiveness in confronting external threats and securing India’s foreign policy goals.
Viscoelastic Haemostatic Point-of-Care Assays in the Management of Postpartum Haemorrhage: A Narrative Review
Authors: Dias J.D. , Butwick A.J. , Hartmann J. , Waters J.H. 
Published: February 2023

(Anaesthesia. 2022;77:700–711)
Viscoelastic hemostatic assays (VHA) provide the benefit of real-time information on pregnant women that laboratory hemostatic analysis does not offer. The speed of VHA contributes to its clinical utility as they help diagnose coagulopathy and guide treatment in real-time for maternal patients. This paper investigates current VHA guidelines in postpartum hemorrhage (PPH; defined as blood loss of ≥500 mL within 24 h of delivery) situations, and it reviews recent literature regarding VHA device use when managing postpartum hemostatic competence profiles of women with PPH.
Effect of a Rapid Response Team on the Incidence of In-Hospital Mortality
Authors: Factora F. , Maheshwari K. , Khanna S. , Chahar P. , Ritchey M. , O’Hara J. , Mascha E.J. , Mi J. , Halvorson S. , Turan A. , Ruetzler K. 
Published: February 2023

(Anesth Analg. 2022;135:595–604)
Cardiopulmonary arrest in-hospital leads to increased mortality yet is largely preventable with signs of deterioration prior to serious and emergent changes in patients. To intervene early when clinical deterioration is evident prior to adverse effects of cardiopulmonary arrest, rapid response teams (RRTs) were introduced. A nurse-led RRT was introduced in 2009 at a large tertiary medical center, which switched to being anesthesiology-led in 2012. This study primarily aims to compare in-hospital mortality with RRT initiation (2005-2008 vs. 2009-2018). It also aims to compare in-hospital mortality with policy changes following the initiation of an anesthesiology-led RRT.
FIGO Good Practice Recommendations on Modifiable Causes of Iatrogenic Preterm Birth
Authors: Valencia C.M. , Mol B.W. , Jacobsson B. ,   FIGO Working Group for Preterm Birth
Published: February 2023

(Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2021t;155:8–12)
Iatrogenic preterm delivery, also known as provider-initiated preterm birth, is a planned delivery before 37 weeks of gestation. As the science of obstetrical and neonatal care practice progresses, globally iatrogenic preterm delivery has increased. Now, iatrogenic preterm delivery constitutes nearly 50% of preterm births and is increasing worldwide. Provider-initiated birth may be induction of labor or cesarean delivery without rupture of membranes or spontaneous labor. Reasons for iatrogenic preterm delivery include obstetric complications of both maternal and fetal nature. Maternal conditions include such comorbidities as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, antepartum hemorrhage, and abnormal placentation conditions. Maternal medical conditions such as heart disease, cancer, nephropathy, and sepsis are increasing in frequency. Fetal causes such as fetal growth restriction, fetal distress, and structural malformations; and nonmedical causes may prompt iatrogenic preterm delivery. Maternal factors and provider behavior may play a role in the increasing rate of iatrogenic preterm delivery, which has led researchers to consider strategies that could decrease preterm birth rates.