bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failure analysis on fully-transparent deep-sea pressure hulls used at 2,500 m depth
Authors: Wu Yu , Li Youjie , Luo Ruilong , Zhang Zhonggang , Wang Fang , Zhao Bingxiong , Yang Chao , Zhang Jinfei , Gaidai Oleg 
Published: January 2023

Fully-transparent deep-sea pressure hulls have been attracted attention in recent years with the increasing demand for underwater observation. So far, public researches on design rule and failure modes for fully-transparent deep-sea pressure hulls are limited and the relevant experience cannot meet the requirements of new cabin design. In this study, the compression test is carried on, in which the material samples are subjected to quasi-static compressive load until failure in tests at different loading rates, and the hyperelastic finite element model is established in LS-DYNA software to simulate the failure process. Simulation results of material properties in finite element analysis on the cylindrical samples are compared with the experimental data, including the characteristic points of the mechanical properties in elastic stage and hardening stage, the ultimate load and failure mode of the samples. Mesh convergence analysis is conducted, and the appropriate mesh quality is accordingly selected in simulation of fully-transparent deep-sea pressure hulls. An equation for prediction of instability-type failure is described, which is derivation based on the classical analytical expression of elastic instability, thus, when 5 times of safety factor is taken, the wall thickness of the pressure hull is calculated to be t/R0 = 0.0685 at 2,500 m depth. Ultimate strength and failure mode of a typical fully-transparent deep-sea pressure hull are simulated. First, the first-order linear buckling modal analysis is carried out to simulate initial geometric imperfections. Then, simulations for the loading and collapse process of two fully-transparent pressure hulls respectively with one opening and two openings are conducted, and the ultimate load of 126 MPa and 128 MPa for the two kinds of hulls are obtained. Finally, simulation of a scaled pressure hull is carried out and simulation results are compared with the experimental data in reference, which are basically consistent. The calculated failure strength shows that the spherical hulls satisfy the safety factor requirement of 5 times. The provided simulation procedure can be referred for failure analysis of fully-transparent pressure hulls.
Age interferes with sensorimotor timing and error correction in the supra-second range
Authors: Pollok Bettina , Hagedorn Amelie , Krause Vanessa , Kotz Sonja A. 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionPrecise motor timing including the ability to adjust movements after changes in the environment is fundamental to many daily activities. Sensorimotor timing in the sub-and supra-second range might rely on at least partially distinct brain networks, with the latter including the basal ganglia (BG) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Since both structures are particularly vulnerable to age-related decline, the present study investigated whether age might distinctively affect sensorimotor timing and error correction in the supra-second range.MethodsA total of 50 healthy right-handed volunteers with 22 older (age range: 50–60 years) and 28 younger (age range: 20–36 years) participants synchronized the tap-onsets of their right index finger with an isochronous auditory pacing signal. Stimulus onset asynchronies were either 900 or 1,600 ms. Positive or negative step-changes that were perceivable or non-perceivable were occasionally interspersed to the fixed intervals to induce error correction. A simple reaction time task served as control condition.Results and DiscussionIn line with our hypothesis, synchronization variability in trials with supra-second intervals was larger in the older group. While reaction times were not affected by age, the mean negative asynchrony was significantly smaller in the elderly in trials with positive step-changes, suggesting more pronounced tolerance of positive deviations at older age. The analysis of error correction by means of the phase correction response (PCR) suggests reduced error correction in the older group. This effect emerged in trials with supra-second intervals and large positive step-changes, only. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that sensorimotor synchronization in the sub-second range is maintained but synchronization accuracy and error correction in the supra-second range is reduced in the elderly as early as in the fifth decade of life suggesting that these measures are suitable for the early detection of age-related changes of the motor system.
Brain-computer interface combined with mental practice and occupational therapy enhances upper limb motor recovery, activities of daily living, and participation in subacute stroke
Authors: Zanona Aristela de Freitas , Piscitelli Daniele , Seixas Valquiria Martins , Scipioni Kelly Regina Dias da Silva , Bastos Marina Siqueira Campos , de Sá Leticia Caroline Kaspchak , Monte-Silva Kátia , Bolivar Miburge , Solnik Stanislaw , De Souza Raphael Fabricio 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundWe investigated the effects of brain-computer interface (BCI) combined with mental practice (MP) and occupational therapy (OT) on performance in activities of daily living (ADL) in stroke survivors.MethodsParticipants were randomized into two groups: experimental (n= 23, BCI controlling a hand exoskeleton combined with MP and OT) and control (n= 21, OT). Subjects were assessed with the functional independence measure (FIM), motor activity log (MAL), amount of use (MAL-AOM), and quality of movement (MAL-QOM). The box and blocks test (BBT) and the Jebsen hand functional test (JHFT) were used for the primary outcome of performance in ADL, while the Fugl-Meyer Assessment was used for the secondary outcome. Exoskeleton activation and the degree of motor imagery (measured as event-related desynchronization) were assessed in the experimental group. For the BCI, the EEG electrodes were placed on the regions of FC3, C3, CP3, FC4, C4, and CP4, according to the international 10–20 EEG system. The exoskeleton was placed on the affected hand. MP was based on functional tasks. OT consisted of ADL training, muscle mobilization, reaching tasks, manipulation and prehension, mirror therapy, and high-frequency therapeutic vibration. The protocol lasted 1 h, five times a week, for 2 weeks.ResultsThere was a difference between baseline and post-intervention analysis for the experimental group in all evaluations: FIM (p= 0.001,d= 0.56), MAL-AOM (p= 0.001,d= 0.83), MAL-QOM (p= 0.006,d= 0.84), BBT (p= 0.004,d= 0.40), and JHFT (p= 0.001,d= 0.45). Within the experimental group, post-intervention improvements were detected in the degree of motor imagery (p&lt; 0.001) and the amount of exoskeleton activations (p&lt; 0.001). For the control group, differences were detected for MAL-AOM (p= 0.001,d= 0.72), MAL-QOM (p= 0.013,d= 0.50), and BBT (p= 0.005,d= 0.23). Notably, the effect sizes were larger for the experimental group. No differences were detected between groups at post-intervention.ConclusionBCI combined with MP and OT is a promising tool for promoting sensorimotor recovery of the upper limb and functional independence in subacute post-stroke survivors.
Analysis of the wall thickness of intracranial aneurysms: Can computational fluid dynamics detect the translucent areas of saccular intracranial aneurysms and predict the rupture risk preoperatively?
Authors: Fan Xin-xin , Geng Jie-wen , He Chuan , Hu Peng , Sun Li-yong , Zhang Hong-qi 
Published: January 2023

Background and purposeThe translucent area on the surface of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) is associated with rupture risk. In the present study, the Polyflow module of the Ansys software was used to simulate and analyze the thickness of the aneurysm wall to detect whether it was “translucent” and to assess the rupture risk.MethodsForty-five patients with 48 IAs who underwent microsurgery were retrospectively reviewed. The medical records, radiographic data, and intraoperative images of the patients were collected. The image data were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to explore the relationship between the simulated thickness of the aneurysm wall, the translucent area, and the rupture point of the real aneurysm's surface to predict the rupture risk and provide a certain reference basis for clinical treatment.ResultsThe Polyflow simulation revealed that the location of the minimum extreme point of the simulated aneurysm wall thickness was consistent with the translucent area or rupture point on the surface of the real aneurysm. There was a downward trend in the correlation between the change rate (IS) in the wall area and volume during aneurysm growth and rupture. Ruptured aneurysms have a greater inhomogeneity coefficient Iδ than the unruptured ones. In the unruptured group, translucent aneurysms also had greater inhomogeneity coefficients Iδ and more significant thickness changes (multiple IBA) than non-translucent ones.ConclusionsThe Ansys software Polyflow module could detect whether the unruptured aneurysms were translucent and predict the rupture risk and rupture point.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/, Identifier, NCT03133624.
Case report: Bilateral globus pallidus lesions and delayed progressive leukoencephalopathy in COVID-19: Effects of hypoxia alone or combination of hypoxia and inflammation?
Authors: Ballout Ahmad A. , Kolesnik Michael , Choi Yuna , Ayoub Marc S. , Harel Asaff , Najjar Souhel 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThe globus pallidus is a highly mitochondria-rich metabolic structure that is particularly sensitive to metabolic disturbances and hypoxia. Symmetric lesions of globus pallidus and delayed diffuse leukoencephalopathy were documented in toxic–metabolic disorders, hypoxia, a neurodegenerative disorder, and mitochondrial encephalopathies. Similar changes are also reported in individuals with active COVID-19 infections with associated hypoxia or critical illness.Case informationWe describe a patient with post–COVID-19 infection who presented with rapid cognitive and neurological decline associated with similar neuroimaging structural changes but without toxic–metabolic changes or hypoxia. Despite multiple non-inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid studies, mechanisms involving post–COVID-19 inflammation and immune dysregulation are suspected, given the unexplained continued decline in the neurological status, lack of concurrent hypoxia or antecedent respiratory difficulties, and after a reasonable exclusion of alternative etiologies. Hypermetabolism of both anteromedial temporal structures and diffuse hypometabolism predominantly in the frontal region on PET scan provided indirect support for possible inflammatory mechanisms after reasonable exclusion of alternative etiologies, such as direct CNS infection, among others. The patient's neurological impairment improved substantially after treatment with pulse steroids, plasmapheresis, and rituximab.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of post–COVID-19 with bilateral symmetric contrast-enhancing necrotic lesions of globus pallidus with delayed diffuse supratentorial leukoencephalopathy with microhemorrhages without concurrent hypoxia or reported preceding symptoms suggestive of hypoxia. We suspect that these inflammatory mechanisms might be triggered by prior COVID-19 exposure/infection. Furthermore, the role of the cross-talk between inflammation and clinically mild or silent hypoxia linked to prior COVID-19 infection cannot be excluded. Awareness of these post–COVID-19 neurological sequelae and their potential pathophysiology among those with no known antecedent significant hypoxia are important for early recognition and treatment.
Orexin dual receptor antagonists, zolpidem, zopiclone, eszopiclone, and cognitive research: A comprehensive dose-response meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Mengzhen , Tang Jiyou , Li Shasha , Li Yaran , Zhao Mengke 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundAbout one-third of adults have trouble sleeping, ranging from occasional difficulty to chronic insomnia, along with difficulty maintaining sleep. Many studies reported that the long-term use of hypnotics can cause brain dysfunction and damage cognition.ObjectiveThe objective of the study is to evaluate whether low, medium, and high doses of orexin dual receptor antagonists (DORA), zopiclone (ZOP), eszopiclone (ESZ), and zolpidem (ZST) can impair cognition.MethodsFrom the beginning through September 20, 2022, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the therapeutic effects of DORA, eszopiclone, and zopiclone for sleep and cognitive function were included. The primary outcomes were indices related to the cognitive profile, including memory, alertness, execution and control function, and attention and orientation. The secondary outcomes were indices related to sleep and adverse events. The standard mean difference (SMD) was generated for continuous variables. Certain data were captured from figures by GetData 2.26 and analyzed using RStudio 4.2.ResultsFinally, a total of 8,702 subjects were included in 29 studies. Compared with the placebo, the DSST (Digit Symbol Substitution Test) scores of low, medium, and high doses of DORA were SMD = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.33–1.20; SMD = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.11–2.05; and SMD = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.33–1.36, respectively. The DSST scores of zolpidem at low, medium, and high doses were SMD = −0.39; 95% CI: 0.85–0.07; SMD = −0.88, 95% CI: −2.34–0.58; and SMD = −0.12, 95% CI: −0.85–0.60, respectively. Zopiclone's DSST scale score was SMD = −0.18; 95% CI: −0.54–0.18. In addition, the total sleep time (TST) of low, medium, and high doses of DORA was SMD = 0.28, 95% CI: −0.15–0.70; SMD = 1.36, 95% CI: 0.87–1.86; and SMD = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.89–3.30, respectively. The TST of zolpidem with low, medium, and high doses was SMD = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.18–1.83; SMD = 1.94, 95% CI: 0.46–3.43; and SMD = 1.71, 95% CI: 0.86–2.56, respectively. The TST of low, medium, and high doses of eszopiclone was relatively SMD = 2.03, 95% CI: −0.21–4.27; SMD = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.35–3.42; and SMD = 1.71, 95% CI: 0.60–2.82. Zopiclone's TST was SMD = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.36–3.58.ConclusionWe recommend DORA as the best intervention for insomnia because it is highly effective in inducing and maintaining sleep without impairing cognition. Although zolpidem has a more pronounced effect on maintaining sleep, it is best to reduce its use because of its side effects. Eszopiclone and zopiclone improved sleep quality, but their safety in cognition remains to be verified.
Perinatal Western-style diet alters serotonergic neurons in the macaque raphe nuclei
Authors: Dunn Geoffrey A. , Thompson Jacqueline R. , Mitchell A J , Papadakis Samantha , Selby Matthew , Fair Damien , Gustafsson Hanna C. , Sullivan Elinor L. 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThe neurotransmitter serotonin is a key regulator of neurotransmission, mood, and behavior and is essential in neurodevelopment. Dysfunction in this important neurotransmitter system is connected to behavioral disorders such as depression and anxiety. We have previously shown that the developing serotonin system is sensitive to perinatal exposure to Western-style diet (WSD).MethodsTo advance our hypothesis that perinatal WSD has a long-term impact on the serotonergic system, we designed a fluorescent immunohistochemistry experiment using antibodies against tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) and vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3) to probe protein expression in the raphe subnuclei in 13-month-old Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata; n = 22). VGLUT3 has been shown to be coexpressed in TPH2+ cells in the dorsal raphe (DR) and median raphe nucleus (MnR) of rodent raphe nuclei and may provide information about the projection site of serotonergic fibers into the forebrain. We also sought to improve scientific understanding of the heterogeneity of the serotonin production center for the central nervous system, the midbrain raphe nuclei.ResultsIn this immunohistochemical study, we provide the most detailed characterization of the developing primate raphe to date. We utilize multi-level modeling (MLM) to simultaneously probe the contribution of WSD, offspring sex, and raphe anatomical location, to raphe neuronal measurements. Our molecular and morphological characterization revealed that the 13-month-old macaque DR is remarkably similar to that of adult macaques and humans. We demonstrate that vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3), which rodent studies have recently shown can distinguish raphe populations with distinct projection targets and behavioral functions, likewise contributes to the heterogeneity of the primate raphe.DiscussionThis study provides evidence that perinatal WSD has a long-term impact on the density of serotonin-producing neurons, potentially limiting serotonin availability throughout the brain. Due to the critical involvement of serotonin in development and behavior, these findings provide important insight into the mechanisms by which maternal nutrition and metabolic state influence offspring behavioral outcomes. Finally, these findings could inform future research focused on designing therapeutic interventions to optimize neural development and decrease a child’s risk of developing a mental health disorder.
Effects of vitamin K supplementation on vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Geng Chanyu , Huang Liming , Pu Lei , Feng Yunlin 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThere is conflicting data on the effect of vitamin K supplementation against vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to summarize current evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine whether vitamin K supplementation in CKD could attenuate vascular calcification.MethodsA systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Library. RCTs assessing the effect of vitamin K supplementation on vascular calcification in CKD and reported measures relevant to vascular calcification were eligible for inclusion. Effect outcomes are changes of biochemical and imaging measures of vascular calcification, as well as vascular elasticity reflected by pulse wave velocity (PWV). Safety outcomes included any adverse event and death. The risk of bias was assessed according to Cochrane handbook guidelines. Mean differences or standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of absolute and relative changes of each studied outcome between experimental and control groups were pooled using a random-effects model.ResultsIn all, ten RCTs with 733 patients were included. Pooled results indicated a decrease in serum biomarkers relevant to vascular calcification to a certain extent, mild improvement in vascular elasticity reflected by PWV, yet, no significant change in calcification scores derived from radiology examinations. Half of the included studies had low risk of bias.ConclusionTherefore, there is not yet solid evidence to support protective effects of vitamin K supplementation against vascular calcification in CKD. The results of ongoing RCTs are needed to further elucidate the value of vitamin K in this field.Systematic review registrationwww.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42022343857.
Association of oxidative balance score and lung health from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2012
Authors: Xu Zhixiao , Xue Yincong , Wen Hezhi , Chen Chengshui 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundOxidative stress is associated with outcomes of chronic lung disease. The oxidative stress-related exposures of diet and lifestyle can be evaluated by the oxidative balance score (OBS), and higher OBS scores indicate more significant antioxidant exposures. But the relationship between OBS and lung health is unknown.PurposeThe aim of this study was to explore the association between OBS and lung health (respiratory symptoms, chronic lung disease, and lung function).MethodsA series of models, including weighted linear models, weighted logistic regression, and weighted multinomial logistic regression, were performed to assess the associations of OBS with respiratory symptoms, chronic lung disease, and lung function. The models adjusted by age, race/ethnicity, gender, educational background, poverty-to-income ratio, and dietary energy were also performed.ResultsCross-sectional data of 5,214 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the years 2007–2012 were analyzed. For every one-unit increase in OBS, the odds of wheezing/chronic bronchitis decreased by 6%. Increased OBS was associated with higher percent-predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (adjusted mean difference (MD), 0.21%; 95% CI: 0.10–0.32) and percent-predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) (adjusted MD, 0.15%; 95% CI: 0.07–0.24). A significantly lower risk of wheezing/chronic bronchitis was found in participants in the second/third/fourth OBS quartile compared to those in the first OBS quartile (all P for trend &lt; 0.05). Moreover, higher percent-predicted FEV1 and FVC were also found in the third quartile and fourth quartile (all P for trend &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, both dietary and lifestyle components were tightly related to pulmonary outcomes. Many associations were maintained after stratified by sex or after sensitivity analyses.ConclusionOxidative balance score was negatively correlated with the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis/wheezing/restrictive spirometry pattern and positively correlated with percent-predicted FVC and FEV1. It seems that the higher the OBS score, the better the pulmonary outcomes. The findings highlight the importance of adherence to an antioxidant diet and lifestyle and that it contributes to lung health.