bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equatorial Rossby waves on cold surge days and their impact on rainfall
Authors: Diong Jeong‐Yik , Xavier Prince , Woolnough Steven J. , Abdullah Firdaus Ammar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study aims to understand the process that determines the regional rainfall distribution in the equatorial South China Sea (SCS) and its surrounding during the cold surge (CS) days by looking at the different vorticity phases of active equatorial Rossby (R1) waves and the dynamics of the CSs related to the R1 wave. The CS can be thought of as an anticyclonic outflow from midlatitude and behaves like a dispersive group of R1 meridional modes. From the study, it shows the vorticity of the R1 wave arranges itself in such a way that the anticyclonic phase is located to the west and the cyclonic phase is located to the east of the cold CS axis. The CS winds in the equatorial SCS occur early, remain longer, and possess a larger zonal component in the active cyclonic phase compared with the active anticyclonic phase. During the active cyclonic vorticity phase, the rainfall anomalies pattern in the equatorial SCS changes from a “tick‐mark‐like” pattern to a “V‐shape” pattern as a consequence of the westward propagation of the wave. The probability of rainfall increases near the centre of cyclonic vorticity, but for anticyclonic vorticity the probability increases in the southern part of the vorticity centre. There is both increased (decreased) intensity and probability of extreme rainfall events during the active cyclonic (anticyclonic) vorticity phase on CS days. Overall, the rainfall anomalies are largely dominated by changes in the intensity on wet days rather than the number of wet days. These changes indicate the roles of the R1 wave vorticity phase in the rainfall distribution during CS days. The timing of enhancement and suppression of rain will provide additional valuable information to help improve forecast extreme weather events.
Eutectic Mixture of Fenofibric Acid and Syringic Acid: Improvement of Dissolution Rate and Its Antihyperlipidemic Activity
Authors: Zaini Erizal , Wahyuni Fitri , Salsabila Hulwa , Anggraini Deni , Yuliandra Yori , Lucida Henny 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFenofibric acid is a poorly water‐soluble drug with high permeability; thus, it is classified as a Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II. This study aimed to prepare a eutectic mixture of fenofibric acid with syringic acid as a coformer to improve its solubility, dissolution rate, and antihyperlipidemic activity. The solvent co‐evaporation method was used to form a eutectic mixture. Solid‐state properties were characterized, solubility and in vitro dissolution profiles were studied, and in vivo antihyperlipidemic effectiveness was investigated in male Wistar rats. The results showed that the eutectic mixture of fenofibric acid‐syringic acid enhanced the solubility (3.4‐fold) and in vitro dissolution rate (3.62‐fold) and significantly improved the antihyperlipidemic activity compared with intact fenofibric acid.
Synthesis, Characterization, Molecular Docking and in vitro Biological Studies of Thiazolidin‐4‐one Derivatives as Anti‐Breast‐Cancer Agents
Authors: Şenol Halil , Ağgül Ahmet Gökhan , Atasoy Sezen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, 16 new compounds were synthesized starting from methylparaben. These new compounds consist of eight arylidenehydrazide derivatives and eight thiazolidin‐4‐on derivatives. All compounds were tested against MCF‐7 breast cancer cells and MCF10A breast healthy tissue to determine their anti‐cancer activity. Molecular docking studies were also carried out against receptor proteins related to the growth factor of cancer cells to understand inhibition mechanism. According to the results, 4‐furan‐2‐ylmethoxy)‐N‐(4‐oxo‐2‐phenylthiazolidin‐3‐yl)benzamide (5 a) and 4‐(furan‐2‐ylmethoxy)‐N‐(2‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐4‐oxothiazolidin‐3‐yl)benzamide (5 e) were found as the highest selective and most active compounds against breast cancer cells.
Synaptic dysfunction in schizophrenia
Authors: Mısır Emre , Akay Güvem Gümüş 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSchizophrenia is a chronic disease presented with psychotic symptoms, negative symptoms, impairment in the reward system, and widespread neurocognitive deterioration. Disruption of synaptic connections in neural circuits is responsible for the disease's development and progression. Because deterioration in synaptic connections results in the impaired effective processing of information. Although structural impairments of the synapse, such as a decrease in dendritic spine density, have been shown in previous studies, functional impairments have also been revealed with the development of genetic and molecular analysis methods. In addition to abnormalities in protein complexes regulating exocytosis in the presynaptic region and impaired vesicle release, especially, changes in proteins related to postsynaptic signaling have been reported. In particular, impairments in postsynaptic density elements, glutamate receptors, and ion channels have been shown. At the same time, effects on cellular adhesion molecular structures such as neurexin, neuroligin, and cadherin family proteins were detected. Of course, the confusing effect of antipsychotic use in schizophrenia research should also be considered. Although antipsychotics have positive and negative effects on synapses, studies indicate synaptic deterioration in schizophrenia independent of drug use. In this review, the deterioration in synapse structure and function and the effects of antipsychotics on the synapse in schizophrenia will be discussed.
Deployment of EPIC framework for intelligence transportation system
Authors: Sitton Miri 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEnterprise system engineering is a new practice that has emerged over the last few decades, promising to achieve better enterprises by improving cross‐enterprise processes. However, enterprises have a unique property as a system of unsynchronized arrays of systems. This property can lead to severe problems and anomalies, such as cross‐enterprise failures. These issues become even more drastic in supporting cross‐enterprises processes like transportation. The transportation arena is a complex system in itself. It comprises a variety of enterprises and systems supported by different technologies and vendors. Moreover, it involves governmental, municipal, and private stakeholders. Therefore, planning and designing a coordinated and integrated architecture is difficult. A new enterprise system engineering framework called EPIC addresses these issues by enabling better coordination of unsynchronized arrays of systems across enterprises. This research explores the application of an architectural framework to the transportation arena, where existing methods have not adequately addressed its unique properties. Deploying it in the “real world” plants the seeds to improve the transportation processes, their performance, efficiency, and reliability.
Immunosuppressants exert differential effects on pan‐coronavirus infection and distinct combinatory antiviral activity with molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir
Authors: Wang Yining , Li Pengfei , Lavrijsen Marla , Rottier Robbert J. , den Hoed Caroline M. , Bruno Marco J. , Kamar Nassim , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. , de Vries Annemarie C. , Pan Qiuwei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundImmunocompromised populations, such as organ transplant recipients and patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) receiving immunosuppressive/immunomodulatory medications, may be more susceptible to coronavirus infections. However, little is known about how immunosuppressants affect coronavirus replication and their combinational effects with antiviral drugs.ObjectiveThis study aims to profile the effects of immunosuppressants and the combination of immunosuppressants with oral antiviral drugs molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir on pan‐coronavirus infection in cell and human airway organoids (hAOs) culture models.MethodsDifferent coronaviruses (including wild type, delta and omicron variants of SARS‐CoV‐2, and NL63, 229E and OC43 seasonal coronaviruses) were used in lung cell lines and hAOs models. The effects of immunosuppressants were tested.ResultsDexamethasone and 5‐aminosalicylic acid moderately stimulated the replication of different coronaviruses. Mycophenolic acid (MPA), 6‐thioguanine (6‐TG), tofacitinib and filgotinib treatment dose‐dependently inhibited viral replication of all tested coronaviruses in both cell lines and hAOs. The half maximum effective concentration (EC50) of tofacitinib against SARS‐CoV‐2 was 0.62 μM and the half maximum cytotoxic concentration (CC50) was above 30 μM, which resulted in a selective index (SI) of about 50. The anti‐coronavirus effect of the JAK inhibitors tofacitinib and filgotinib is dependent on the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation. Combinations of MPA, 6‐TG, tofacitinib, and filgotinib with the oral antiviral drugs molnupiravir or nirmatrelvir exerted an additive or synergistic antiviral activity.ConclusionsDifferent immunosuppressants have distinct effects on coronavirus replication, with 6‐TG, MPA, tofacitinib and filgotinib possessing pan‐coronavirus antiviral activity. The combinations of MPA, 6‐TG, tofacitinib and filgotinib with antiviral drugs exerted an additive or synergistic antiviral activity. Thus, these findings provide an important reference for optimal management of immunocompromised patients infected with coronaviruses.
Pathogenic bacteria associated with outbreaks of respiratory disease in Iranian broiler farms
Authors: Bashashati Mohsen , Shojaei Mohammad , Sabouri Fereshteh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMulti‐causal respiratory infections are more commonly observed than uncomplicated cases with single agents in the commercial poultry industry. Recently, increased mortality rates associated with respiratory clinical signs have been reported in Iranian broiler farms.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to determine the spectra of avian mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma gallisepticum, MG and Mycoplasma synoviae, MS) and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) in the broiler farms with the multi‐causal respiratory disease (MCRD) from 2017 to 2020.MethodsTrachea and lung tissue samples were collected from 70 broiler flocks presenting increased mortality and acute respiratory disease. MG, MS, and ORT were detected by performing polymerase chain reaction with primers complementary to the 16S rRNA, vlhA, and 16S rRNA genes, respectively.ResultsGenetic materials of MG, MS, and ORT were detected in five, three, and five of the 70 flocks. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the complete mgc2 coding sequences, all MG strains formed a distinct cluster along with other Iranian MG isolates. According to the phylogenetic analysis of the partial vlhA gene of MS strains, two isolates were located along with Australian and European strains. In addition, one of them displayed an out‐group association with MS isolates from Jordan. Phylogenetic analysis of Iranian ORT strains using a partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene showed a distinct group among the other ORT strains.ConclusionsThe results indicate that MG, MS, and ORT are not predominantly responsible for the MCRD. However, continuous monitoring of poultry flocks could be significant for obtaining valuable information related to different MG, MS, and ORT strains and designing effective control strategies.
Understanding the Silala River—Scientific insights from the dispute over the status and use of the waters of the Silala (Chile v. Bolivia)
Authors: Wheater Howard S. , Peach Denis W. , Suárez Francisco , Muñoz Jose F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe flows of surface water and groundwater from the Andes to the Atacama Desert are a vital source of freshwater, supporting ecosystems and human activities, but few substantive studies have addressed the hydrological and hydrogeological functioning of these systems. A dispute between Chile and Bolivia concerning the transboundary Silala River, recently heard before the International Court of Justice, The Hague, provided a unique opportunity for new scientific studies, reviewed in this Special Issue. First, findings from field studies that address the geological and geomorphological evolution of the Silala River basin and its current status, the key hydrological processes (including infiltration, actual evaporation from wetlands and alluvial plains, and surface water‐groundwater interactions), and the hydrogeological characterization of the major aquifers are reviewed. The dispute arose because Bolivia disagreed that the Silala was a transboundary river, subject to international law. As the Court proceedings evolved, this was accepted by Bolivia, but effects on surface flows of historical channelization in the Bolivian headwater wetlands remained a point of legal and technical disagreement. Bolivia asserted large increases in surface flow, based on modeling by their consultants, DHI. Chile held that these effects are small. In the second part of this paper, we summarize the modeling evidence. Chile's use of DHI's models, and its own hydrological and groundwater modeling of the basin, fully support Chile's position. We conclude with discussion of the Court's judgment, the challenges of physically‐based modeling of small changes in complex systems, and associated implications for judicial practice.This article is categorized under:
Human Water > Water Governance
Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Stress‐modulated growth in the presence of nutrients—Existence and uniqueness in one spatial dimension
Authors: Bangert Kira , Dolzmann Georg 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExistence and uniqueness of solutions for a class of models for stress‐modulated growth is proven in one spatial dimension. The model features the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient F into an elastic part and a growth‐related part G. After the transformation due to the growth process, governed by G, an elastic deformation described by is applied in order to restore the Dirichlet boundary conditions and, therefore, the current configuration might be stressed with a stress tensor S. The growth of the material at each point in the reference configuration is given by an ordinary differential equation for which the right‐hand side may depend on the stress S and the pull‐back of a nutrient concentration in the current configuration, leading to a coupled system of ordinary differential equations.
Deviation from equidistance for one-dimensional sequences
Authors: Weiß Christian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor a finite sequence$$(x_i)_{i=1}^N$$(xi)i=1Nin the unit interval, we introduce the gap ratio function which measures the size of the maximal gap length relative to all other gap lengths. This function (asymptotically) captures a lot of information about the degree of uniformity of the sequence. We discuss connections to the theories of dispersion, discrepancy, pair correlation statistics and covering numbers. Furthermore, we explicitly calculate the gap ratio function for some important classes of uniformly distributed sequences.
Involvement of necroptosis in the selective toxicity of the natural compound (±) gossypol on squamous skin cancer cells in vitro
Authors: Haasler Lisa , von Montfort Claudia , Kondadi Arun Kumar , Golombek Mathias , Ebbert Lara , Wenzel Chantal-Kristin , Stahl Wilhelm , Reichert Andreas S. , Brenneisen Peter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCutaneous basal and squamous cell carcinoma reflect the first and second most common type of non-melanoma skin cancer, respectively. Especially cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma has the tendency to metastasize, finally resulting in a rather poor prognosis. Therapeutic options comprise surgery, radiation therapy, and a systemic or targeted chemotherapy. There are some good treatment results, but overall, the response rate of newly developed drugs is still modest. Drug repurposing represents an alternative approach where already available and clinically approved substances are used, which originally intended for other clinical benefits. In this context, we tested the effect of the naturally occurring polyphenolic aldehyde (±) gossypol with concentrations between 1 and 5 µM on the invasive squamous cell carcinoma cell line SCL-1 and normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Gossypol treatment up to 96 h resulted in a selective cytotoxicity of SCL-1 cells (IC50: 1.7 µM, 96 h) compared with normal keratinocytes (IC50: ≥ 5.4 µM, 96 h) which is mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction and finally leading to necroptotic cell death. Taken together, gossypol shows a high potential as an alternative anticancer drug for the treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
The Influence of Hyperparathyroidism Patient Profile on Quality of Life After Parathyroidectomy
Authors: Febrero Beatriz , Ruiz‐Manzanera Juan José , Ros‐Madrid Inmaculada , Hernández‐Martínez Antonio‐Miguel , Rodríguez José M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundImprovements in quality of life (QoL) after parathyroidectomy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is discussed. It has not been analyzed whether these improvements can be influenced by a specific socio‐personal or clinical patient profile. Objectives: to analyze QoL differences after parathyroidectomy and to determine a socio‐personal and clinical profile that influences improvement after parathyroidectomy.MethodsA longitudinal prospective cohort study in patients with PHPT. SF‐36 and PHPQOL questionnaires were completed by the patients. A comparative preoperatory analysis was carried out, at three and twelve months after surgery. Student's t test was used for the correlations. The size of the effect was assessed using G*Power software. A multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the socio‐personal and clinical variables affecting the improvement in QoL after surgery.ResultsForty‐eight patients were analyzed. Three months after surgery an improvement was found in physical function, general health, vitality, social function, emotional role, mental health and in the patient's declared health assessment. One year after the intervention a general improvement was observed, with a greater effect on mental health and declared health evolution. Patients with bone pain presented with a higher probability of improvement after surgery. Patients with prior psychological disease had a lower associated probability of an improvement and high levels of PTH related to a greater probability of improvement after surgery.ConclusionsThere is an improvement in the QoL of PHPT patients after parathyroidectomy. Patients with bone pain and high PTH levels prior to the parathyroidectomy present with a greater probability of having a greater improvement in QoL after surgery.
Limitations of homogeneous and segmented single-crystal compact TEM00-mode Ho3+:YAG laser resonators
Authors: Goth Katharina , Rupp Marius , Griesbeck Michael , Eitner Madeleine , Eichhorn Marc , Kieleck Christelle 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe present investigations on output power limitations of near-diffraction-limited compact $$\hbox {Ho}^{3+}$$

Ho

3
+

:YAG laser resonators employing a homogeneous or segmented laser crystal. An approach for designing a segmented crystal is presented. Maximum output powers of $${57.6}\,\hbox {W}$$

57.6

W

and $${51.9}\,\hbox {W}$$

51.9

W

are reached with the homogeneous and segmented crystal, respectively, resulting in pulse energies of $${1.14}\,\hbox {mJ}$$

1.14

mJ

and $${1.04}\,\hbox {mJ}$$

1.04

mJ

at a repetition rate of $${50}\,\hbox {kHz}$$

50

kHz

in Q-switched operation. Interferometric experiments are conducted to derive the radial temperature profile for both crystals. Simulations based on a split-step beam propagation method are used to model the longitudinal temperature gradient in both crystals.
Evaluating compliance and applicability of postpartum pessary use for preventing and treating pelvic floor dysfunction: a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Kiefner Brenda , Schwab Frank , Kuppinger Madeleine , Nacke Anna , Kelkenberg Ute , Schütze Sabine , Berger Franziska , Lindner Anna , Hellmeyer Lars , Janni Wolfgang , Metz Melanie , Deniz Miriam 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Pelvic floor disorders are common and associated with pregnancy and childbirth. For restitution of pelvic floor connective tissue and thereby therapy of postpartum pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence, the Restifem® pessary is approved. It supports the anterior vaginal wall behind the symphysis, the lateral sulci and the sacro-uterine ligaments and stabilises the connective tissue. We evaluated the compliance and applicability of Restifem® use in women postpartum in a preventive and therapeutic approach.

Methods
Restifem® pessary was handed out to 857 women. Six weeks after birth, they started the pessary use. After 8 weeks, 3 and 6 months postpartum, women received a questionnaire via online survey for evaluation of pessary applicability and efficacy.

Results
After 8 weeks, 209 women answered the questionnaire. 119 women used the pessary. Common problems were discomfort, pain and the pessary use was to circuitous. Vaginal infections were rare. After 3 months, 85 women and after 6 months, 38 women still used the pessary. 3 months postpartum, 94% of women with POP, 72% of women with UI and 66% of women with OAB stated to have an improvement of their symptoms using the pessary. 88% women without any disorder felt an improvement of stability.

Conclusions
Use of the Restifem® pessary in the postpartum period is feasible and accompanied with less complications. It reduces POP and UI and leads to an increased sense of stability. So, Restifem® pessary can be offered to women postpartum to improve pelvic floor dysfunction.
Brain hypoxia, neurocognitive impairment, and quality of life in people post-COVID-19
Authors: Adingupu Damilola D. , Soroush Ateyeh , Hansen Ayden , Twomey Rosie , Dunn Jeff F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveSystemic hypoxia occurs in COVID-19 infection; however, it is unknown if cerebral hypoxia occurs in convalescent individuals. We have evidence from other conditions associated with central nervous system inflammation that hypoxia may occur in the brain. If so, hypoxia could reduce the quality of life and brain function. This study was undertaken to assess if brain hypoxia occurs in individuals after recovery from acute COVID-19 infection and if this hypoxia is associated with neurocognitive impairment and reduced quality of life.MethodsUsing frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (fdNIRS), we measured cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) (a measure of hypoxia) in participants who had contracted COVID-19 at least 8 weeks prior to the study visit and healthy controls. We also conducted neuropsychological assessments and health-related quality of life assessments, fatigue, and depression.ResultsFifty-six percent of the post-COVID-19 participants self-reported having persistent symptoms (from a list of 18), with the most reported symptom being fatigue and brain fog. There was a gradation in the decrease of oxyhemoglobin between controls, and normoxic and hypoxic post-COVID-19 groups (31.7 ± 8.3 μM, 27.8 ± 7.0 μM and 21.1 ± 7.2 μM, respectively,p = 0.028,p = 0.005, andp = 0.081). We detected that 24% of convalescent individuals’ post-COVID-19 infection had reduced StO2in the brain and that this relates to reduced neurological function and quality of life.InterpretationWe believe that the hypoxia reported here will have health consequences for these individuals, and this is reflected in the correlation of hypoxia with greater symptomology. With the fdNIRS technology, combined with neuropsychological assessment, we may be able to identify individuals at risk of hypoxia-related symptomology and target individuals that are likely to respond to treatments aimed at improving cerebral oxygenation.