bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy for individuals with an intellectual disability and anxiety: a systematic review
Authors: Fynn G. , Porter M. , Borchard T. , Kazzi C. , Zhong Q. , Campbell L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionIndividuals with intellectual disability (ID) are at higher risk of experiencing difficulties with anxiety than the general population. However, there are major barriers for individuals to receive appropriate services. There is a growing understanding of the importance of developing appropriate psychological interventions for this group. The objective of the current review was to systematically evaluate the findings of studies investigating the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for individuals with ID and anxiety. Another aim was to explore which adaptions to CBT and treatment components were currently being utilised within the field.MethodThe electronic databases of CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection and Scopus were searched to identify relevant studies. The methodological quality of these studies was assessed using established quality assessment tools by the National Institutes of Health for pre and post studies and case series.ResultsNine studies were included in this systematic review, all of which reported improvements in anxiety severity for some participants (25%–100%; N = 60) following CBT. Only three studies reported moderate effect sizes for CBT interventions on anxiety for individuals with ID.Discussion and ConclusionsThere is emerging literature supporting the effectiveness of CBT for individuals with mild ID. Findings highlight that CBT for individuals with anxiety and mild ID, including cognitive components, may be feasible and tolerable. While the field is gradually receiving more attention, there are significant methodological flaws present, which limit the conclusions that can be drawn regarding the effectiveness of CBT for individuals with ID. However, there is emerging evidence for techniques such as cognitive restructuring and thought replacement and modifications such as visual aids, modelling and smaller groups based on this review. Future research is warranted to investigate whether individuals with more severe ID can benefit from CBT, as well as further exploring what are the necessary components and modifications.
Experiences of Dyspareunia in Dominican Women with a History of Sexual Abuse: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Alarcon‐Rodriguez Raquel , Fernández‐Sola Cayetano , García‐Alvarez Rafael , Fadul‐Calderón Rosario , Ruiz‐Ortiz Antonio , Requena‐Mullor Mar , Garcia‐Gonzalez Jessica 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionDyspareunia refers to painful sexual intercourse that negatively affects a person's psychological well‐being and quality of life and can also have an impact on their partner, family, and social circle. The objective of this study was to understand the experiences of women with dyspareunia and a history of sexual abuse in the Dominican Republic.MethodsThis was a qualitative study based on Merleau‐Ponty's hermeneutic phenomenology. Fifteen women with a diagnosis of dyspareunia and a history of sexual abuse participated. The study was carried out in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.ResultsIn‐depth interviews were conducted for data collection. Through inductive analysis using ATLAS.ti, 3 main themes were developed that represent women's experiences of dyspareunia and sexual abuse: (1) a history of sexual abuse as a background to dyspareunia, (2) living in fear in a society that revictimizes the survivor, and (3) the sexual consequences of dyspareunia.DiscussionIn some Dominican women, dyspareunia stems from their history of sexual abuse, which was unknown to their families and partners. The participants experienced dyspareunia in silence and found it difficult to seek help from health care professionals. In addition, their sexual health was marked by fear and physical pain. There are individual, cultural, and social factors that influence the occurrence of dyspareunia; a better understanding of these factors is vital for planning innovative preventive strategies that reduce the progression of sexual dysfunction and its impact on the quality of life of people with dyspareunia.
Coordinated Interdependence: How Patterning Governs Flexibility in a Routine Cluster
Authors: Sailer Patrick , Loscher Georg Josef , Kaiser Stephan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdopting a routine dynamics perspective, we use an ethnography of agile project work to explore how emergent and effortful performances of single routines influence dynamics within a cluster of interdependent routines. We find that emergent accomplishments in single routines constrain cluster‐level dynamics, thereby inhibiting flexibility. However, effortful accomplishments in single routines facilitate cluster‐level dynamics, thereby enhancing flexibility. We make three contributions to the literature on routine dynamics and process studies. First, we show how coordinated interdependence based on chaining, orchestrating, and reflecting creates and maintains clusters of routines, and uncoordinated interdependence based on stumbling, irritating, and detaining endangers clusters of routines. Second, we analyse how cluster‐level flexibility results from maintaining a stable pattern across routines, despite pressures to vary routines. Finally, our findings contribute to practice and process studies by analysing interdependence and coordination together as ‘(un)coordinated interdependence’.
Determination of the degree of conversion, the diffuse reflectance, and the color stability after different aging processes of gingiva‐colored composite resins
Authors: Kalyoncuoğlu Ülkü Tuğba , Yilmaz Bengi , Sipahi Cumhur 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeTo determine the degree of conversion (DC) and spectral diffuse reflectance of four different gingiva‐colored composites and to evaluate their color stability after various aging processes.Materials and MethodsThe gingiva‐colored composites were assigned to four experimental groups (Anaxgum (AG), Crea.lign paste Gum (CB), Gradia Gum (GR), SR Nexco Gum (NC)). A total of 120 disc‐shaped specimens (10 × 2 mm) (n = 30/group) were polymerized in a Teflon mold. The nature of chemical bonding was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Diffuse reflection spectra of the polymerized specimens were gathered using an ultraviolet‐visible‐near infrared (UV‐Vis‐NIR) spectrophotometer. Specimens subjected to aging methods were divided into three subgroups (n = 10): ultraviolet aging, hydrothermal aging, and autoclave aging. Color differences (ΔE*ab and ΔE00) were determined by colorimetry before and after aging. The statistical analysis was done using a two‐way ANOVA along with paired sample t‐test and Bonferroni's post hoc test.ResultsConversion degrees varied between 26.9% and 59.7% and all groups showed 3 or 4 maxima at different positions in the visible region of the spectrum. Both ΔE*ab and ΔE00 values were significantly different from the groups of different brands for all types of aging processes. Similarly, there were significantly different ΔE*ab and ΔE00 values according to the aging procedure for all groups of particular brands, except for ΔE00 of SR Nexco Gum (NC).ConclusionsThe aging procedures resulted in significant color differences between similar shades of four commercial gingiva‐colored composites. The composite resins showed different degrees of conversion and diffuse reflectance spectra. The aging conditions tested affected the color stability. Patients with gingiva‐colored indirect restorations should be informed about time‐dependent discoloration.
Financial toxicity experienced by rural Australian families with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Scholes‐Robertson Nicole , Blazek Katrina , Tong Allison , Gutman Talia , Craig Jonathan C. , Essue Beverley M. , Howard Kirsten , Wong Germaine , Howell Martin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimChronic kidney disease (CKD) and its treatment places a financial burden on healthcare systems and households worldwide, yet little is known of its financial impact, on those who reside in rural settings. We aimed to quantify the financial impacts and out‐of‐pocket expenditure experienced by adult rural patients with CKD in Australia.MethodsA web based structured survey was completed between November 2020 and January 2021. English speaking participants over 18 years of age, diagnosed with CKD stages 3–5, those receiving dialysis or with a kidney transplant, who lived in a rural location in Australia.ResultsIn total 77 (69% completion rate) participated. The mean out of pocket expenses were 5056 AUD annually (excluding private health insurance costs), 78% of households experienced financial hardship with 54% classified as experiencing financial catastrophe (out‐of‐pocket expenditure greater than 10% of household income). Mean distances to access health services for all rural and remote classifications was greater than 50 kilometres for specialist nephrology services and greater than 300 kilometres for transplanting centres. Relocation for a period greater than 3 months to access care was experienced by 24% of participants.ConclusionRural households experience considerable financial hardship due to out‐of‐pocket costs in accessing treatment for CKD and other health‐related care, raising concerns about equity in Australia, a high‐income country with universal healthcare.
AnERPmeasure of non‐conscious memory reveals dissociable implicit processes in human recognition using an open‐source automated analytic pipeline
Authors: Addante Richard J. , Lopez‐Calderon Javier , Allen Nathaniel , Luck Carter , Muller Alana , Sirianni Lindsey , Inman Cory S. , Drane Daniel L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNon‐conscious processing of human memory has traditionally been difficult to objectively measure and thus understand. A prior study on a group of hippocampal amnesia (N= 3) patients and healthy controls (N= 6) used a novel procedure for capturing neural correlates of implicit memory using event‐related potentials (ERPs): old and new items were equated for varying levels of memory awareness, with ERP differences observed from 400 to 800 ms in bilateral parietal regions that were hippocampal‐dependent. The current investigation sought to address the limitations of that study by increasing the sample of healthy subjects (N = 54), applying new controls for construct validity, and developing an improved, open‐source tool for automated analysis of the procedure used for equating levels of memory awareness. Results faithfully reproduced prior ERP findings of parietal effects that a series of systematic control analyses validated were not contributed to nor contaminated by explicit memory. Implicit memory effects extended from 600 to 1000 ms, localized to right parietal sites. These ERP effects were found to be behaviorally relevant and specific in predicting implicit memory response times, and were topographically dissociable from other traditional ERP measures of implicit memory (miss vs. correct rejections) that instead occurred in left parietal regions. Results suggest first that equating for reported awareness of memory strength is a valid, powerful new method for revealing neural correlates of non‐conscious human memory, and second, behavioral correlations suggest that these implicit effects reflect a pure form of priming, whereas misses represent fluency leading to the subjective experience of familiarity.
Do public pension programmes reduce elderly poverty in China?
Authors: Zhang Anqi , Imai Katsushi S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of public programmes aiming to cover the entire population in China on elderly poverty in both rural and urban China. Using the three rounds of panel data based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2011–2015, we examine whether public pension programmes reduced elderly poverty, comprehensively defined to cover both unidimensional and multidimensional poverty indices of the households and individuals. To utilise the longitudinal nature of the data, we apply the robust fixed‐effects (FE) model with propensity score matching (PSM) and the FE quantile model with PSM taking into account the unobservable individual characteristics. Our results show that public pension programmes reduced poverty in monetary and non‐monetary terms in rural areas, while the effect on labour market is not significant. The panel quantile regression results suggest that the programmes decreased inequality in both monetary and non‐monetary dimensions. However, poverty‐reducing and inequality‐reducing effects are not observed in urban areas. Our results provide strong evidence to underscore the success of the Chinese public pension programme in reducing poverty and inequality in both rural and urban areas.
Lobbying and innovation in the European Union
Authors: Dellis Konstantinos 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAside from anecdotal evidence, lobbying activities and the role of vested interests in the EU have not been scrutinized. This article attempts to cast focus on the relationship between lobbying and aspects of innovation in the EU. The modest performance of the EU compared to the innovation frontier has been attributed to an array of factors, one of which is the adverse effect of vested interests. The lack of new, innovative enterprises has been identified as a decisive factor behind the productivity stagnation and lobbying by incumbents poses as a credible culprit. In this article, I create a novel firm‐level database through the cross‐fertilization of data from the growing Transparency Register (EC and EP), AMADEUS (BvD), the OECD, Eurostat, and the European Commission in order to address the complex relationship between vested interests, innovation, and competition. The preliminary findings indicate that more R&D intensive firms tend to spend significantly larger amount of funds on lobbying, primarily competing for EU grants and government procurement. Using data for country‐sector concentration, I find that the relationship is stronger in the presence of low competition. Despite the improvements required in the documentation of lobbying activities, these results provide preliminary tangible evidence on the effect of vested interests on innovation performance.
Patients with prediabetes are at greater risk of developing diabetes 5 months postacute SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Xu Alexander Y. , Wang Stephen H. , Duong Tim Q. 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionPatients with prediabetes who contract SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) could be at higher risk of developing frank diabetes compared those who do not. This study aims to investigate the incidence of new-onset diabetes in patients with prediabetes after COVID-19 and if it differs from those not infected.Research design and methodsUsing electronic medical record data, 42 877 patients with COVID-19, 3102 were identified as having a history of prediabetes in the Montefiore Health System, Bronx, New York. During the same time period, 34 786 individuals without COVID-19 with history of prediabetes were identified and 9306 were propensity matched as controls. SARS-CoV-2 infection status was determined by a real-time PCR test between March 11, 2020 and August 17, 2022. The primary outcomes were new-onset in-hospital diabetes mellitus (I-DM) and new-onset persistent diabetes mellitus (P-DM) at 5 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection.ResultsCompared with hospitalized patients without COVID-19 with history of prediabetes, hospitalized patients with COVID-19 with history of prediabetes had a higher incidence of I-DM (21.9% vs 6.02%, p<0.001) and of P-DM 5 months postinfection (14.75% vs 7.51%, p<0.001). Non-hospitalized patients with and without COVID-19 with history of prediabetes had similar incidence of P-DM (4.15% and 4.1%, p>0.05). Critical illness (HR 4.6 (95% CI 3.5 to 6.1), p<0.005), in-hospital steroid treatment (HR 2.88 (95% CI 2.2 to 3.8), p<0.005), SARS-CoV-2 infection status (HR 1.8 (95% CI 1.4 to 2.3), p<0.005), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (HR 1.7 (95% CI 1.6 to 1.8), p<0.005) were significant predictors of I-DM. I-DM (HR 23.2 (95% CI 16.1 to 33.4), p<0.005), critical illness (HR 2.4 (95% CI 1.6 to 3.8), p<0.005), and HbA1c (HR 1.3 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.4), p<0.005) were significant predictors of P-DM at follow-up.ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 infection confers a higher risk for developing persistent diabetes 5 months post-COVID-19 in patients with prediabetes who were hospitalized for COVID-19 compared with COVID-19-negative counterparts with prediabetes. In-hospital diabetes, critical illness, and elevated HbA1c are risk factors for developing persistent diabetes. Patients with prediabetes with severe COVID-19 disease may need more diligent monitoring for developing P-DM postacute SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Medical students’ responses to uncertainty: a cross-sectional study using a new self-efficacy questionnaire in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Lee Ciara , Hall Katherine , Anakin Megan , Pinnock Ralph 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesResponding well to clinical uncertainty is a crucial skill for any doctor. To better understand how medical students develop this skill, Social Cognitive Theory can be used to explore students’ perceived capability to respond to situations of uncertainty. This study aimed to construct a self-efficacy questionnaire and use it to measure medical students’ responses to clinical uncertainty.DesignA 29-item questionnaire was constructed. For each item, participants rated their confidence in responding to uncertain situations using a scale of 0–100. Data were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics.SettingAotearoa New Zealand.ParticipantsThe questionnaire was distributed to 716 of 852 medical students in second, fourth and sixth year, at the three campuses of the Otago Medical School.ResultsThe Self-Efficacy to Respond to Clinical Uncertainty (SERCU) questionnaire was completed by 495 participants (69% response rate) and found to be highly reliable (α=0.93). Exploratory factor analysis confirmed a unidimensional scale. A multiple linear regression model predicted self-efficacy scores from year of study, age, mode of entry, gender and ethnicity, F(11,470) = 4.252, p<0.001 adj. R²=0.069. Male students and those admitted to the programme 3 years postdegree or with significant allied health experience were predicted to have significantly higher self-efficacy scores. Year of study was not a significant predictor of average efficacy scores.ConclusionsOur research contributes a novel, highly reliable questionnaire that uses self-efficacy to measure medical student responses to uncertainty. The questionnaire revealed that students’ confidence in responding to uncertainty may be more related to their background and life experience than to progression through the curriculum. Medical educators and researchers can use the SERCU questionnaire to obtain a new perspective on how their students respond to uncertainty, inform future research and tailor teaching about uncertainty.
Clinical use of remdesivir in COVID-19 treatment: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pham Hong Tham , Mai-Phan Tuong-Anh , Vu Anh Kiet , Truong Thi Ha , Tran Minh-Hoang 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesThis study investigated remdesivir’s clinical use to provide direct evidence of effectiveness for a low-middle income Asian setting.DesignA one-to-one propensity score matching retrospective cohort study.SettingA tertiary hospital with COVID-19 treatment facilities in Vietnam.ParticipantsA total of 310 patients in standard of care (SoC) group were matched with 310 patients in SoC+remdesivir (SoC+R) group.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was time to critical progression, defined as all-cause mortality or critical illness. The secondary outcomes were length of oxygen therapy/ventilation and need for invasive mechanical ventilation. Outcome reports were presented as HR, OR or effect difference with 95% CI.ResultsPatients receiving remdesivir had a lower risk for mortality or critical illness (HR=0.68, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.96, p=0.030). Remdesivir was not associated with a shorter length of oxygen therapy/ventilation (effect difference −0.17 days, 95% CI −1.29 to 0.96, p=0.774). The need for invasive mechanical ventilation was lower in SoC+R group (OR=0.57, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.86, p=0.007).ConclusionsThis study’s results showing remdesivir’s benefits in non-critical patients with COVID-19 may be extrapolated to other similar low-middle income countries, allowing more regimens for limited resource areas and reducing poor outcomes and equity gap worldwide.
Mental health and well-being in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic among different population subgroups: evidence from representative longitudinal data in Germany
Authors: Jaschke Philipp , Kosyakova Yuliya , Kuche Coline , Walther Lena , Goßner Laura , Jacobsen Jannes , Ta Thi Minh Tam , Hahn Eric , Hans Silke , Bajbouj Malek 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesTo examine potential deteriorations in mental health and well-being in the first COVID-19 pandemic year compared with the previous decade focusing on the following vulnerable subgroups in Germany: women with minor children in the household, those living without a partner, younger and older adults, those in a precarious labour market situation, immigrants and refugees, and those with pre-existing physical or mental health risks.DesignAnalyses of secondary longitudinal survey data using cluster-robust pooled ordinary least squares models.ParticipantsMore than 20 000 individuals (aged 16+ years) in Germany.Primary and secondary outcome measuresMental Component Summary Scale (MCS) of the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey measuring mental health-related quality of life, single item on life satisfaction (LS).ResultsWe find a decline in the average MCS in the 2020 survey that is not particularly striking in the overall time course, still resulting in a mean score below those of all preceding waves since 2010. We find no change in LS from 2019 to 2020 against the background of a general upward trend. Regarding vulnerability factors, only the results on age and parenthood are partially in line with our expectations. In 2020, LS declined among the youngest adults; MCS declined among mothers (and women and men without children) but not fathers. Unlike respective comparison groups, refugees, those unemployed before the pandemic and those with pre-existing mental health risks experienced no MCS declines in 2020, whereas persons living without a partner, the eldest, and those with pre-existing health risks exhibited continued increases in LS.ConclusionsThere is no evidence for substantial breakdowns in mental health or subjective well-being in the first pandemic year in the German population or its subgroups, particularly when considering developments of the previous decade. Since the majority of hypothesised vulnerable groups to pandemic stressors showed more stable MCS and LS, our results warrant further study.