bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological Characterization of the Antennal Sensilla of the Legume Pod Borer, Maruca vitrata (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Pathour Rajendra Shashank , Rani Abalavadi Thammaiah , Devi Salam Rita , Meshram Naresh Manohar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Maruca vitrata (Fabricius) is an important lepidopteran pest of legumes in the tropics and subtropics. Here, we studied the ultrastructural organization of its antennal sense organs using scanning electron microscopy. The antennae of both sexes of M. vitrata were filiform with the number of flagellar segments varying from 72 to 84. Nine major morphological types of sensilla were observed on male and female antennae: sensilla trichodea (ST), sensilla basiconica (SB), sensilla auricillica (SA), sensilla chaetica (SCh), sensilla coeloconica (SCoe), sensilla cylindrica (SCy), sensilla squamiformia (SSq), sensilla styloconica (SSt), and Böhm sensilla (BS). Three of these sensilla types (SB, SSq, and BS) are newly reported for M. vitrata. Morphological observations revealed that four types are multiporous (ST, SB, SA, and SCoe), two types are uniporous (SCh and SCy), and three types are aporous (SSq, SSt, and BS). The average length of male ST was longer than that of the female. Sensilla cylindrica were observed only on male antennae, indicating sexual dimorphism. This study aims to provide some basic evidence for further studies on the mechanism of insect–plant chemical communication and future semiochemical-based management strategies of the major legume pest M. vitrata.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Olfactory Sensory Neuron Populations in the Developing Olfactory Organ of the Guppy, Poecilia reticulata (Cyprinodontiformes, Poecilidae)
Authors: Bettini Simone , Lazzari Maurizio , Milani Liliana , Maurizii Maria Gabriella , Franceschini Valeria 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Olfaction is fundamental for sensing environmental chemicals and has obvious adaptive advantages. In fish, the peripheral olfactory organ is composed of lamellae in which the olfactory mucosa contains three main categories of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) as follows: ciliated (cOSNs), microvillous (mOSNs), and crypt cells. We studied the appearance of these different OSNs during development of Poecilia reticulata, given its growing use as animal model system. We performed immunohistochemical detection of molecular markers specific for the different OSNs, carrying out image analyses for marked-cell counting and measuring optical density. The P. reticulata olfactory organ did not show change in size during the first weeks of life. The proliferative activity increased at the onset of secondary sexual characters, remaining high until sexual maturity. Then, it decreased in both sexes, but with a recovery in females, probably in relation to their almost double body growth, compared to males. The density of both cOSNs and mOSNs remained constant throughout development, probably due to conserved functions already active in the fry, independently of the sex. The density of calretinin-positive crypt cells decreased progressively until sexual maturity, whereas the increased density of calretinin-negative crypt cell fraction, prevailing in later developmental stages, indicated their probable involvement in reproductive activities.
On Earth’s habitability over the Sun’s main-sequence history: joint influence of space weather and Earth’s magnetic field evolution
Authors: Varela J , Brun A S , Strugarek A , Réville V , Zarka P , Pantellini F 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to analyse the Earth habitability with respect to the direct exposition of the Earth atmosphere to the solar wind (SW) along the Sun’s evolution on the main sequence including the realistic evolution of the space weather conditions and the Earth magnetic field. The MHD code PLUTO in spherical coordinates is applied to perform parametric studies with respect to the SW dynamic pressure and the interplanetary magnetic field intensity for different Earth magnetic field configurations. Quiet space weather conditions may not impact the Earth habitability. On the other hand, the impact of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICME) could lead to the erosion of the primary Earth atmosphere during the Hadean eon. A dipolar field of 30 μT is strong enough to shield the Earth from the Eo-Archean age as well as 15 and 5 μT dipolar fields from the Meso-Archean and Meso-Proterozoic, respectively. Multipolar weak field period during the Meso-Proterozoic age may not be a threat for ICME-like space weather conditions if the field intensity is at least 15 μT and the ratio between the quadrupolar (Q) and dipolar (D) coefficients is $\frac{Q}{D} \le 0.5$. By contrast, the Earth habitability in the Phanerozoic eon (including the present time) can be hampered during multipolar low field periods with a strength of 5 μT and $\frac{Q}{D} \ge 0.5$ associated with geomagnetic reversals. Consequently, the effect of the SW should be considered as a possible driver of Earth’s habitability.
DONSON facilitates Cdc45 and GINS chromatin association and is essential for DNA replication initiation
Authors: Kingsley Georgia , Skagia Aggeliki , Passaretti Paolo , Fernandez-Cuesta Cyntia , Reynolds-Winczura Alicja , Koscielniak Kinga , Gambus Agnieszka 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Faithful cell division is the basis for the propagation of life and DNA replication must be precisely regulated. DNA replication stress is a prominent endogenous source of genome instability that not only leads to ageing, but also neuropathology and cancer development in humans. Specifically, the issues of how vertebrate cells select and activate origins of replication are of importance as, for example, insufficient origin firing leads to genomic instability and mutations in replication initiation factors lead to the rare human disease Meier-Gorlin syndrome. The mechanism of origin activation has been well characterised and reconstituted in yeast, however, an equal understanding of this process in higher eukaryotes is lacking. The firing of replication origins is driven by S-phase kinases (CDKs and DDK) and results in the activation of the replicative helicase and generation of two bi-directional replication forks. Our data, generated from cell-free Xenopus laevis egg extracts, show that DONSON is required for assembly of the active replicative helicase (CMG complex) at origins during replication initiation. DONSON has previously been shown to be essential during DNA replication, both in human cells and in Drosophila, but the mechanism of DONSON’s action was unknown. Here we show that DONSON’s presence is essential for replication initiation as it is required for Cdc45 and GINS association with Mcm2–7 complexes and helicase activation. To fulfil this role, DONSON interacts with the initiation factor, TopBP1, in a CDK-dependent manner. Following its initiation role, DONSON also forms a part of the replisome during the elongation stage of DNA replication. Mutations in DONSON have recently been shown to lead to the Meier-Gorlin syndrome; this novel replication initiation role of DONSON therefore provides the explanation for the phenotypes caused by DONSON mutations in patients.
HIRA-mediated loading of histone variant H3.3 controls androgen-induced transcription by regulation of AR/BRD4 complex assembly at enhancers
Authors: Morozov Viacheslav M , Riva Alberto , Sarwar Sadia , Kim Wan-Ju , Li Jianping , Zhou Lei , Licht Jonathan D , Daaka Yehia , Ishov Alexander M 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIncorporation of histone variant H3.3 comprises active territories of chromatin. Exploring the function of H3.3 in prostate cancer (PC), we found that knockout (KO) of H3.3 chaperone HIRA suppresses PC growth in vitro and in xenograft settings, deregulates androgen-induced gene expression and alters androgen receptor (AR) binding within enhancers of target genes. H3.3 affects transcription in multiple ways, including activation of p300 by phosphorylated H3.3 at Ser-31 (H3.3S31Ph), which results in H3K27 acetylation (H3K27Ac) at enhancers. In turn, H3K27Ac recruits bromodomain protein BRD4 for enhancer-promoter interaction and transcription activation. We observed that HIRA KO reduces H3.3 incorporation, diminishes H3.3S31Ph and H3K27Ac, modifies recruitment of BRD4. These results suggest that H3.3-enriched enhancer chromatin serves as a platform for H3K27Ac-mediated BRD4 recruitment, which interacts with and retains AR at enhancers, resulting in transcription reprogramming. In addition, HIRA KO deregulates glucocorticoid- (GR) driven transcription of genes co-regulated by AR and GR, suggesting a common H3.3/HIRA-dependent mechanism of nuclear receptors function. Expression of HIRA complex proteins is increased in PC compared with normal prostate tissue, especially in high-risk PC groups, and is associated with a negative prognosis. Collectively, our results demonstrate function of HIRA-dependent H3.3 pathway in regulation of nuclear receptors activity.
A comprehensive analysis of translational misdecoding pattern and its implication on genetic code evolution
Authors: Katoh Takayuki , Suga Hiroaki 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The universal genetic code is comprised of 61 sense codons, which are assigned to 20 canonical amino acids. However, the evolutionary basis for the highly conserved mapping between amino acids and their codons remains incompletely understood. A possible selective pressure of evolution would be minimization of deleterious effects caused by misdecoding. Here we comprehensively analyzed the misdecoding pattern of 61 codons against 19 noncognate amino acids where an arbitrary amino acid was omitted, and revealed the following two rules. (i) If the second codon base is U or C, misdecoding is frequently induced by mismatches at the first and/or third base, where any mismatches are widely tolerated; whereas misdecoding with the second-base mismatch is promoted by only U-G or C-A pair formation. (ii) If the second codon base is A or G, misdecoding is promoted by only G-U or U-G pair formation at the first or second position. In addition, evaluation of functional/structural diversities of amino acids revealed that less diverse amino acid sets are assigned at codons that induce more frequent misdecoding, and vice versa, so as to minimize deleterious effects of misdecoding in the modern genetic code.
Evaluation of tissue depth, captive bolt penetration force and energy, and potential for bolt-thalamus contact in cadaver heads from physically castrated market barrows and immunocastrated boars
Authors: Hamilton Emma M , Anderson Karly N , Kirk Ashlynn A , Bishop Katherine D , Shakal Joseph S , Vogel Kurt D 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The main objective of this study was to describe tissue thicknesses of cadaver heads from physically castrated market barrows (PC MARKET BARROWS) and immunocastrated boars (IC BOARS) at the frontal penetrating captive bolt (PCB) placement. Other objectives were to describe differences in bolt force and energy requirements to penetrate and describe potential for bolt-thalamus contact. Forty-four heads were obtained from PC MARKET BARROWS (n = 22) and IC BOARS (n = 22) of similar age and size that were rendered insensible with CO2. Mean HCW was 117.32 ± 3.52 kg. Snout to poll distance (cm) and maximum deflection distance (cm) were collected in duplicate. Heads were split at midline with a bandsaw and soft tissue and cranial thicknesses were measured with a digital caliper. Images of each cut surface were collected to evaluate the potential for thalamic damage. Tissue samples were retained from each half of each head and a universal tester was used to determine maximum force and energy of bolt penetration. There was no evidence to support a significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) in tissue thicknesses between PC MARKET BARROWS and IC BOARS. Maximum deflection distance (maximum distance from a straight edge that was placed from the tip of the snout to the poll of the head) was not different (P = 0.10) between PC MARKET BARROWS (3.31 ± 0.10 cm) and IC BOARS (3.08 ± 0.10 cm). There was no evidence to support a difference (P = 0.77) in maximum force between PC MARKET BARROWS (7130.32 ± 483.23 N) and IC BOARS (6974.60 ± 463.70 N). There was also no evidence to support a difference (P = 0.62) in maximum energy between PC MARKET BARROWS (33.37 ± 2.77 J) and IC BOARS (32.04 ± 2.50 J). For PC MARKET BARROWS, there was a difference (P = 0.05) between the number of heads where the thalamus was located within the theoretical plane of bolt travel for market placement (21/21) versus mature placement (16/21). For IC BOARS, the number of heads where the thalamus was located within the plane of theoretical bolt path was not different between the two PCB placements (19/21 each). Overall, the data suggest that tissue profiles of PC MARKET BARROWS and IC BOARS do not differ at the frontal PCB placement site and the mechanical tools that are effective for PC MARKET BARROWS should also be effective for IC BOARS.
Delayed Treatment of Bloodstream Infection at Admission is Associated With Initial Low Early Warning Score and Increased Mortality
Authors: Fischer Christian P. , Kastoft Emili , Olesen Bente Ruth Scharvik , Myrup Bjarne 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVES:
To identify factors associated with antibiotic treatment delay in patients admitted with bloodstream infections (BSIs).

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
North Zealand Hospital, Denmark.

PATIENTS:
Adult patients with positive blood cultures obtained within the first 48 hours of admission between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2015 (n = 926).

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
First recorded Early Warning Score (EWS), patient characteristics, time to antibiotic treatment, and survival at day 60 after admission were obtained from electronic health records and medicine module. Presence of contaminants and the match between the antibiotic treatment and susceptibility of the cultured microorganism were included in the analysis. Data were stratified according to EWS quartiles. Overall, time from admission to prescription of antibiotic treatment was 3.7 (3.4–4.0) hours, whereas time from admission to antibiotic treatment was 5.7 (5.4–6.1) hours. A gap between prescription and administration of antibiotic treatment was present across all EWS quartiles. Importantly, 23.4% of patients admitted with BSI presented with an initial EWS 0–1. Within this group of patients, time to antibiotic treatment was markedly higher among nonsurvivors at day 60 compared with survivors. Furthermore, time to antibiotic treatment later than 6 hours was associated with increased mortality at day 60. Among patients with an initial EWS of 0–1, 51.3% of survivors received antibiotic treatment within 6 hours, whereas only 19.0% of nonsurvivors received antibiotic treatment within 6 hours.

CONCLUSIONS:
Among patients with initial low EWS, delay in antibiotic treatment of BSIs was associated with increased mortality at day 60. Lag from prescription to administration may contribute to delayed antibiotic treatment. A more frequent reevaluation of patients with infections with a low initial EWS and reduction of time from prescription to administration may reduce the time to antibiotic treatment, thus potentially improving survival.
Efficacy of Milrinone and Dobutamine in Cardiogenic Shock: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Abdel-Razek Omar , Di Santo Pietro , Jung Richard G. , Parlow Simon , Motazedian Pouya , Prosperi-Porta Graeme , Visintini Sarah , Marbach Jeffrey A. , Ramirez F. Daniel , Simard Trevor , Labinaz Marino , Mathew Rebecca , Hibbert Benjamin 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Inotropic support is commonly used in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS). High-quality data guiding the use of dobutamine or milrinone among this patient population is limited. We compared the efficacy and safety of these two inotropes among patients with low cardiac output states (LCOS) or CS.

DATA SOURCES:
MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to February 1, 2023, using key terms and index headings related to LCOS or CS and inotropes.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Two independent reviewers included studies that compared dobutamine to milrinone on all-cause in-hospital mortality, length of ICU stay, length of hospital stay, and significant arrhythmias in hospitalized patients.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
A total of eleven studies with 21,084 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Only two randomized controlled trials were identified. The primary outcome, all-cause mortality, favored milrinone in observational studies only (odds ratio [OR] 1.19 (95% CI, 1.02–1.39; p = 0.02). In-hospital length of stay (LOS) was reduced with dobutamine in observational studies only (mean difference –1.85 d; 95% CI –3.62 to –0.09; p = 0.04). There was no difference in the prevalence of significant arrhythmias or in ICU LOS.

CONCLUSIONS:
Only limited data exists supporting the use of one inotropic agent over another exists. Dobutamine may be associated with a shorter hospital LOS; however, there is also a potential for increased all-cause mortality. Larger randomized studies sufficiently powered to detect a difference in these outcomes are required to confirm these findings.
Dexmedetomidine Versus Remifentanil Monitored Anesthesia Care During Endothelial Keratoplasty: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Mencucci Rita , De Vitto Chiara , Cennamo Michela , Pierucci Samuela , Adembri Chiara 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) is usually performed under topical or locoregional anesthesia; a sedation is often required. Several drugs are administered but undesirable side effects limit the use of each medication. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a sedative-analgesic, has minimal respiratory depressant effects, and its use in DMEK surgery has not been reported. This study compares the use of DEX versus Remifentanil (REMI) during DMEK.

Methods:
Retrospective, observational, single-center study. Forty-two patients received sedation with DEX or REMI. Heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation were always recorded during the procedure. The degree of sedation was evaluated using the Ramsay sedation scale; preoperative evaluation of anxiety disorders was carried out with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, while patients' and surgeon's satisfaction was evaluated using the 7-point Likert-like verbal rating scale.

Results:
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as the baseline anxiety trait were similar for the 2 groups. Patients and surgeons reported higher satisfaction scores with DEX compared to patients receiving REMI (P < 0.01; P < 0.001). The intraoperative Ramsay score was 3 in 62% of patients in Group DEX and 23% in Group REMI; conversely, it was 2 in 38% of DEX Group and 77% in REMI Group (P < 0.02). No statistical difference in the hemodynamic and respiratory parameters between the 2 groups was recorded.

Conclusions:
With similar stability of hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, Dexmedetomedine provided a deeper sedation than REMI without respiratory depression, resulting in better surgical performance in terms of the patients' and the surgeon's satisfaction, thus suggesting a possible role for sedation during DMEK surgery.
Correlation of Manifest Refraction and Simulated Keratometry to Tomography Characteristics in Patients With Keratoconus
Authors: Greenstein Steven A. , Yu Austin S. , Wawrzusin Peter , Ando Airi , Chung Daniel , Garvey Nicholas , Su Becky , Hersh Peter S. , Gelles John D. 
Published: August 2023

Objectives:
To report on baseline refractive and keratometric values and their correlation with tomographic characteristics of eyes with keratoconus (KC).

Methods:
Retrospective chart review of patients treated in a single-center cornea and refractive surgery practice. Baseline topographic measurements were reviewed for 1,012 keratoconic eyes of 586 patients between 2008 and 2018. The manifest refraction, thinnest pachymetry (Pthin), corneal astigmatism (Kastig), and the maximum (Kmax), steep (Ksteep), flat (Kflat), and mean (Kmean) keratometry were analyzed. The location of Kmax (x, y) was used to determine central (<1 mm), paracentral (1–3 mm), pericentral (3–5 mm), or peripheral (>5 mm) cone locations.

Results:
In the entire cohort, the mean manifest sphere was −2.2±4.4 diopters (D) and the cylinder was −3.2±2.3 D. In total, 48.6% of patients had against the rule (ATR) manifest astigmatism (Mastig). The average Kastig was 3.8±2.7 D, and unlike the manifest axis, 50.2% of patients had with the rule (WTR) Kastig. Patients with a Kmax less than 50 D had an Mastig of −1.9±1.6 D, 45.9% of which was ATR Mastig. With respect to baseline tomography measurements, Kmax, Ksteep, Kflat, and Kmean were 58.0±9.4, 50.6±6.5, 46.8±5.9, and 48.6±6.1 D, respectively. There was a weak correlation between Kmax and simulated keratometry (Ksteep, Kflat, and Kmean) for patients with a Kmax less than 60 D.

Conclusions:
Simulated keratometry is poorly correlated with KC severity until the disease is more severe. Mastig ≥2 D and ATR Mastig were correlated with KC at all levels of severity. Mastig ≥2 D and ATR Mastig may serve as a simple, inexpensive, and widely available indicator for topographic analysis to identify possible KC and suggest further workup; however, further prospective studies are needed to confirm its utility.
Intraocular Pressure and Myopia Progression, Axial Length Elongation in Rural Chinese Children
Authors: Lin Jue , Vasudevan Balamurali , Gao Tie Ying , Zhou Hong Jia , Ciuffreda Kenneth J. , Liang Yuan Bo , Lin Zhong 
Published: August 2023

SIGNIFICANCE
This study reported the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and myopia progression, which helps to understand more comprehensively whether IOP can be an important reference factor to intervene in the progression of myopia.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to investigate the association between IOP and myopia progression as well as axial length elongation in rural Chinese children.

METHODS
A total of 598 (598 of 878 [68.1%]) children (6 to 17 years) from the baseline Handan Offspring Myopia Study who completed a 3.5-year follow-up vision examination were included. Ocular examinations at both visits included cycloplegic autorefraction, IOP, and axial length measurements.

RESULTS
Children with myopia had the highest baseline IOP of the three refractive groups (14.13 ± 1.31, 13.78 ± 1.71, and 13.59 ± 1.64 mmHg in myopes, emmetropes, and hyperopes, respectively, P = .002). However, IOPs showed no significant difference between eyes with or without newly developed myopia (13.63 ± 1.68 vs. 13.89 ± 1.68, P = .16), with or without faster myopia progression (13.75 ± 1.61 vs. 13.86 ± 1.63, P = .46), or with axial length elongation (13.80 ± 1.61 vs. 13.76 ± 1.64, P = .80). The multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that neither baseline refractive error (β = −0.082, P = .13) nor baseline axial length (β = −0.156, P = .08) was associated with baseline IOP.

CONCLUSIONS
Myopic eyes have slightly higher IOP compared with emmetropic and hyperopic eyes, although it was not clinically significant. However, IOP was not found to be associated with either myopia progression or axial length elongation in this cohort sample of rural Chinese children.