bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the origins of the continuum radiation of an underwater nanosecond pulsed discharge: an absolute-intensity optical emission spectroscopy study
Authors: Simeni Simeni Marien , Luo Yuchen , Bruggeman Peter J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The plasma properties of an underwater nanosecond pulsed discharge remain not fully understood despite being extensively studied for several decades. In this work, we focus on the continuum radiation generated in such discharges. The discharge is characterized by power measurements as well as by absolute emission spectroscopy. When observed, Stark broadenings of H
α
, H
β
and O (777 nm) are employed for electron number densities measurements. The discharge was generated by a 10 ns main voltage pulse followed by multiple secondary pulses, which last up to 4 μs after the primary pulse. It is shown that a peak power of 3.5 MW and energy of 35 mJ is coupled during the main voltage pulse. A quantitative estimation of the different possible continuum radiation sources is performed through analytical calculations. This includes emission (blackbody, free–bound and free–free bremsstrahlung radiations) and absorption (electron–ion and electron–neutral free–free inverse bremsstrahlung) mechanisms. Our results suggest that electron–neutral free–free bremsstrahlung is the principal mechanism responsible for the strong continuum radiation observed experimentally during the primary pulse. We also show that self-absorption through electron–neutral (and electron–ion) inverse bremsstrahlung plays an important role in the main discharge pulse. Further, our results indicate the non-negligible additional contribution of the H2 continuum during the first reflected pulse which is likely ignited in bubbles generated by the first discharge pulse.
Simulations of ELM characteristics in HL-3 high-confinement mode
Authors: Zhou Yujie , Zhu Yiren , Hao Guangzhou , Xue Miao , Zhang Yi , He Hongda , Xu Sen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A systematic study of the edge localized mode (ELM) characteristics in HL-3 is performed based on a set of scenarios constructed by Kinetic EFIT workflow. The edge localized instabilities in tokamaks equilibria (ELITE) code (an eigenvalue solver) is used to calculate the peeling-ballooning (P-B) instability diagram. It is shown that the reference equilibrium of HL-3 is marginally stable near the peeling boundary. Non-ideal and non-linear simulations are then carried out by 3-field model implemented in BOUT++ code. For ideal case, the linear results from BOUT++ modelling agree well with that calculated by ELITE code. Based on BOUT++ modelling, it is found that diamagnetic drift can significantly stabilize the ELMs. But the effect of the resistivity on ELMs is more complicated, which depends on the transition of the mode structure. Furthermore, non-linear simulations show that the resistivity might trigger the ELMs before the ideal P-B boundary is reached.
Effect of induction heating composite shot peening on fatigue crack growth behavior, wear performance of 20CrMnTi gear steel
Authors: Zhang Yin , Yan Hongzhi , Li Songbai , Zheng Zhibin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Shot peening is a commonly used surface-strengthening method, generates plastic deformation on a material surface, introduces residual compressive stress, and improves the fatigue performance of the materials. It is widely used in the surface strengthening of materials. However, to further promote the surface strengthening effect, this article proposes a new induction heating composite shot peening (IHCSP) method that achieves the surface composite strengthening of 20CrMnTi gear steel. Based on tensile, fatigue crack propagation and friction tests, combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM) characterization methods, the influence mechanism of IHCSP on mechanical properties, fatigue crack propagation resistance and wear resistance of 20CrMnTi gear steel was revealed.The results showed that the IHCSP improves the tensile strength and yield strength of the material, reduced the friction coefficient and wear volume by 3.96% and 34.8% respectively, decreases the crack growth rate and increased the fatigue life to 85369 cycles. This study proves that IHCSP can significantly improve the fatigue properties of 20CrMnTi gear steel, highlighting the effectiveness of the IHCSP surface-strengthening method.
The Effect of Phosphorus Addition on the Age-Hardening of Cu-Ni-Ti Alloy
Authors: Zhang Lina , Zhao Xiangqin , Lai Jiaqing , Tian Yi Hong , Zhang Jianbo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The effects of P addition on the microstructure and properties of a Cu-Ni-Ti alloy were investigated. The relationship between evolution of precipitates and hardness, electrical conductivity and softening temperature was established. The results showed that P addition increases the hardness and electrical conductivity, while also possessing good softening resistance. After 90 % hot rolling and 500 ℃ aging, the Cu-Ni-Ti-P alloy reaches its maximum hardness and electrical conductivity of 165 HV and 57.2 %IACS. Furthermore, the softening temperature of Cu-Ni-Ti-P alloy reaches 720 ℃. The addition of P promotes the precipitation of Ni atoms from the Cu matrix, reduces the concentration of solute atoms, and as a result, increases the electrical conductivity of the alloy. Furthermore, the formation of the Ni3P phase further enhances the hardness of the alloy. The P solute atoms dissolved in the matrix and the nano-scale Ni3P phase form, which may be one reason for the increase in hardness due to precipitation strengthening.
Quantification of albumin and γ-globulin concentrations by multivariate regression based on admittance relaxation time distribution (mrARTD)
Authors: Wicaksono Arbariyanto Mahmud , Kawashima Daisuke , Ogawa Ryoma , Akita Shinsuke , Takei Masahiro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Albumin and γ-globulin concentrations in subcutaneous adipose tissues (SAT) have been quantified by multivariate regression based on admittance relaxation time distribution (mrARTD) under the fluctuated background of sodium electrolyte concentration. The mrARTD formulates P = Ac + Ξ (P: peak matrix of distribution function magnitude

γ

ˆ

and relaxation times

τ

ˆ

, c: concentration matrix of albumin c
Alb, γ-globulin Glo
c, and sodium electrolyte Na
c, A: coefficient matrix of a multivariate regression model, and Ξ: error matrix). The mrARTD is implemented by two processes which are: (1) the training process of A through the maximum likelihood estimation of P and (2) the quantification process of c
Alb, Glo
c, and Na
c through the model prediction. In the training process, a positive correlation is present between c
Alb, Glo
c, and Na
c to

γ

ˆ

1 at

τ

ˆ

1 = 0.1 as well as

γ

ˆ

2 at

τ

ˆ

2 = 1.40 μs as under a fixed concentration of proteins solution into a porcine SAT (c
Alb = 0.800–2.400 g/dL, Glo
c = 0.400–1.200 g dl−1 and Na
c = 0.700–0.750 g dl−1). The mrARTD method quantifies c
Alb, Glo
c, and Na
c in SAT with an absolute error of 33.79%, 44.60%, and 2.18%, respectively.
Scalable high-dimensional multipartite entanglement with trapped ions
Authors: Upadhyay Harsh Vardhan , Tripathy Sanket , Tan Ting Rei , Suri Baladitya , Shankar Athreya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We propose a protocol for the preparation of generalized Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states of N atoms each with d = 3 or 4 internal levels. We generalize the celebrated one-axis twisting (OAT) Hamiltonian for N qubits to qudits by including OAT interactions of equal strengths between every pair of qudit levels, a protocol we call as balanced OAT (BOAT). Analogous to OAT for qubits, we find that starting from a product state of an arbitrary number of atoms N, dynamics under BOAT leads to the formation of GHZ states for qutrits (d = 3) and ququarts (d = 4). While BOAT could potentially be realized on several platforms where all-to-all coupling is possible, here we propose specific implementations using trapped ion systems. We show that preparing these states with fidelity above a threshold value rules out lower dimensional entanglement than that of the generalized GHZ states. For qutrits, we also propose a protocol to bound the fidelity that requires only global addressing of the ion crystal and single-shot readout of one of the levels. Our results open a path for the scalable generation and certification of high-dimensional multipartite entanglement on current atom-based quantum hardware.
Exploring advancements in incremental sheet metal forming: a review
Authors: Prasad Ranjeet , Oraon Manish , Sharma Vinay 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Incremental Sheet Metal Forming (ISMF), a gradually prominent technique in metal forming, facilitates the production of small batches and prototype products by utilizing CNC machine-controlled tool motion. Metal forming is significant in diverse industries, including automotive, aerospace, manufacturing, and construction. Conventional metal forming methods encounter limitations in flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and productivity. The recent ISMF technology presents promising solutions to overcome these challenges. Lightweight alloys such as magnesium, titanium, and aluminium face formability limitations at room temperature, driving the demand for advanced forming technology. This paper delves into various manufacturing aspects and applications of ISMF in fields such as biomedical implants, automotive bodies in white manufacturing, aerospace, nuclear reactors, and defence. The study considers the impact of variables such as forming path, forming tool, and forming geometry on surface quality, process formability, and geometry accuracy. Furthermore, the paper explores recent advancements in incremental forming technology, including water jet ISMF, laser jet ISMF, ultrasonic-assisted ISMF, and electrically assisted ISMF. By synthesizing information from the past few years of published research, this work provides an overview of the expanding applications of ISMF and its evolving role in shaping various industries. The insights derived from this research aim to empower engineers and manufacturers to make informed decisions regarding implementing ISMF in their respective fields. Ultimately, this paper inspires researchers by highlighting current implementations in forming techniques and the significant contributions made in Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF).
Diversity patterns and knowledge gaps of Atlantic Forest epiphyllous bryophytes: a highly neglected group
Authors: Sousa da Silva Antonia Tainara , Freitag Kramer Jean M , Zwiener Victor Pereira 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Epiphyllous bryophytes are a group of plants with complex adaptations to colonize the leaves of vascular plants and are considered one of the most specialized and sensitive groups to environmental changes. Despite their specificity and ecological importance, these plants represent a largely neglected group in relationship to scientific research and ecological data. This lack of information directly affects our understanding of biodiversity patterns and compromises the conservation of this group in threatened ecosystems.

Scope
Based on the compilation of data from a systematic review and virtual herbarium databases, we provide the first biogeographical assessment of diversity patterns of epiphyllous bryophytes in the Atlantic Forest hotspot. We also identify their phorophytes and assess sampling bias, knowledge gaps and the current conservation state of epiphyllous bryophytes.

Conclusion
The state of knowledge about epiphyllous bryophytes in the Atlantic Forest is still incipient and taxonomically and geographically biased. Sampling effort and climate variation greatly influenced species richness patterns. Notably, Bromeliophila natans, a threatened and endemic species, has not been recorded in the past 20 years, possibly indicating extinction as a result of anthropogenic impacts, such as habitat loss. We found that the occurrence information, distributed across the domain, was positively influenced by the presence of protected areas, forest cover and density of cities, whereas it was negatively influenced by distance to access roads and research centres. More fieldwork and taxonomic and molecular studies are urgently needed to uncover biodiversity patterns and conservation priorities of this sensitive group. Without an increased collection effort, we might lose important species and their contributions to people.
Severe obesity, a susceptibility factor for developing inflammatory bowel disease: results of a population-based study
Authors: Cañete Fiorella , Vela Emili , Calafat Margalida , Piera Jordi , Mañosa Míriam , Domènech Eugeni 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Aims
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) develops in genetically susceptible individuals exposed to certain environmental factors, of which only a few have been established. We aimed to assess whether bariatric surgery (BS) and severe obesity are associated with an increased risk of developing IBD.

Methods
Adults diagnosed with obesity or severe obesity between 2005 and 2020 were identified from the Catalan Health Surveillance System; those diagnosed with IBD prior to the diagnosis of obesity or severe obesity were excluded. Individuals who had undergone BS and those with a new diagnosis of IBD were identified and their likelihood of developing IBD was analyzed.

Results
A total of 93 473 individuals with severe obesity, 1 009 256 with obesity and 14 698 who underwent BS were identified. The incidence rates of IBD among individuals who had undergone BS prior to IBD diagnosis was 0.84 cases per 1000 person-years, 0.90 cases per 1000 person-years among individuals with severe obesity without BS and 0.60 cases per 1000 person-years in individuals with obesity. In the multivariable regression analysis, severe obesity (hazard ratio [HR] 1.46; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.31-1.62), BS (HR 1.57; 95%CI 1.25-1.97), and smoking habit (HR 1.57; 95%CI 1.46-1.69) were risk factors for developing IBD (as well as for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis).

Conclusions
Severe obesity and BS were independent risk factors for the development of IBD. noninvasive screening for IBD seems to be warranted in this population.
Temporal trends of prescription rates, oral anticoagulants dose, clinical outcomes, and factors associated with non-anticoagulation in patients with incident atrial fibrillation
Authors: Liao Jo-Nan , Chan Yi-Hsin , Kuo Ling , Tsai Chuan-Tsai , Liu Chih-Min , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Lip Gregory Y H , Chen Shih-Ann , Chao Tze-Fan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
To analyse the temporal trends of oral anticoagulant (OAC) prescription, direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) dose, clinical outcomes, and factors associated with non-anticoagulation in patients with incident atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods and results
During 1 January 2011–31 December 2020, a total of 249 107 patients with newly diagnosed AF were identified, and the 1-year risks of ischaemic stroke, intracranial haemorrhage (ICH), and all-cause mortality were analysed. OAC prescription increased from 22.1% in 2011 to 57.7% in 2020 with DOAC accounting for 91.0% of overall OAC prescriptions. Compared to patients with incident AF diagnosed in 2011, there were increasing trends for a greater decrease in the risks of ischaemic stroke during 2012–2020 and mortality during 2014–2020, while the risk of ICH did not change significantly. For DOAC users, higher dose use increased from 11.04% in 2012 to 44.29% in 2019–2020 temporally associated with a lower risk of ischaemic stroke in the years 2015–2017 and 2018–2020 compared to 2012–2014. Determining factors refraining from OAC use included some ‘patient-related factors’ and ‘non-patient’ factors (AF diagnosed at clinics by physicians other than cardiologist/neurologist/internal medicine and citizens outside municipalities).

Conclusion
There was an increasing trend of OAC prescription, temporally associated with a decreased risk of ischaemic stroke and mortality. Among DOACs users, the risk of ischaemic stroke declined gradually, partly explained by the increasing prescriptions of higher dose DOACs. Both patient and non-patient factors were associated with non-anticoagulation. Further efforts are required to increase OAC prescription.
Analysis and optimization of seismic monitoring networks with Bayesian optimal experimental design
Authors: Callahan Jake , Monogue Kevin , Villarreal Ruben , Catanach Tommie 
Published: January 2025

SUMMARY
Monitoring networks increasingly aim to assimilate data from a large number of diverse sensors covering many sensing modalities. Bayesian optimal experimental design (OED) seeks to identify data, sensor configurations or experiments which can optimally reduce uncertainty and hence increase the performance of a monitoring network. Information theory guides OED by formulating the choice of experiment or sensor placement as an optimization problem that maximizes the expected information gain (EIG) about quantities of interest given prior knowledge and models of expected observation data. Therefore, within the context of seismo-acoustic monitoring, we can use Bayesian OED to configure sensor networks by choosing sensor locations, types and fidelity in order to improve our ability to identify and locate seismic sources. In this work, we develop the framework necessary to use Bayesian OED to optimize a sensor network’s ability to locate seismic events from arrival time data of detected seismic phases at the regional-scale. This framework requires five elements: (i) A likelihood function that describes the distribution of detection and traveltime data from the sensor network, (ii) A prior distribution that describes a priori belief about seismic events, (iii) A Bayesian solver that uses a prior and likelihood to identify the posterior distribution of seismic events given the data, (iv) An algorithm to compute EIG about seismic events over a data set of hypothetical prior events, (v) An optimizer that finds a sensor network which maximizes EIG. Once we have developed this framework, we explore many relevant questions to monitoring such as: how to trade off sensor fidelity and earth model uncertainty; how sensor types, number and locations influence uncertainty; and how prior models and constraints influence sensor placement.
Endovascular therapy and minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting for Leriche syndrome with ischaemic heart disease
Authors: Moriuchi Hiroki , Orii Mamoru , Shimabukuro Nobuhiro , Yamauchi Akihiko 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In patients with Leriche syndrome and coronary artery disease, the operative strategy is very important because the internal thoracic artery often provides important collateral blood flow to the lower extremities. A 65-year-old man with diabetes mellitus was admitted with heart failure and bilateral claudication. We successfully performed endovascular therapy for aortoiliac occlusive disease, followed by minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting for ischaemic heart disease. Postoperative course was uneventful. This is the first report of using minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting and endovascular therapy to treat Leriche syndrome with ischaemic heart disease.
The development of opioid vaccines as a novel strategy for the treatment of opioid use disorder and overdose prevention
Authors: Tuncturk Mustafa , Kushwaha Shikha , Heider Robin M , Oesterle Tyler , Weinshilboum Richard , Ho Ming-Fen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) affects over 40 million people worldwide, creating significant social and economic burdens. Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is often considered the primary treatment approach for OUD. MOUD, including methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone, is effective for some, but its benefits may be limited by poor adherence to treatment recommendations. Immunopharmacotherapy offers an innovative approach by using vaccines to generate antibodies that neutralize opioids, blocking them from crossing the blood-brain barrier and reducing their psychoactive effects. To date, only 3 clinical trials for opioid vaccines have been published. While these studies demonstrated the potential of opioid vaccines for relapse prevention, there is currently no standardized protocol for evaluating their effectiveness. We have reviewed recent preclinical studies that demonstrated the efficacy of vaccines targeting opioids, including heroin, morphine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, and fentanyl. These studies showed that vaccines against opioids reduced drug reinforcement, decreased opioid-induced antinociception, and increased survival rates against lethal opioid doses. These studies also demonstrated the importance of vaccine formulation and the use of adjuvants in enhancing antibody production and specificity. Finally, we highlighted the strengths and concerns associated with the opioid vaccine treatment, including ethical considerations.
Rationale and Ethical Assessment of an Oropharyngeal Gonorrhea Controlled Human Infection Model
Authors: Williams Eloise , Hocking Jane S , Fairley Christopher K , Chen Marcus Y , Williamson Deborah A , McCarthy James S , Jamrozik Euzebiusz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhea, causes significant morbidity worldwide and can have long-term impacts on reproductive health. The greatest global burden of gonorrhea occurs in low- and middle-income settings. Global public health significance is increasing due to rising antimicrobial resistance, which threatens future gonorrhea management. The oropharynx is an important asymptomatic reservoir for gonorrhea transmission and a high-risk site for development of antimicrobial resistance and treatment failure. Controlled human infection model (CHIM) studies using N gonorrhoeae may provide a means to accelerate the development of urgently needed therapeutics, vaccines, and other biomedical prevention strategies. A gonorrhea urethritis CHIM has been used since the 1980s with no reported serious adverse events. Here, we describe the rationale for an oropharyngeal gonorrhea CHIM, including analysis of potential ethical issues that should inform the development of this novel study design.