bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shear-driven magnetic buoyancy in the solar tachocline: the mean electromotive force due to rotation
Authors: Duguid Craig D , Bushby Paul J , Wood Toby S 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
The leading theoretical paradigm for the Sun’s magnetic cycle is an αω-dynamo process, in which a combination of differential rotation and turbulent, helical flows produces a large-scale magnetic field that reverses every 11 yr. Most αω solar dynamo models rely on differential rotation in the solar tachocline to generate a strong toroidal field. The most problematic part of such models is then the production of the large-scale poloidal field, via a process known as the α-effect. Whilst this is usually attributed to small-scale convective motions under the influence of rotation, the efficiency of this regenerative process has been called into question by some numerical simulations. Motivated by likely conditions within the tachocline, the aim of this paper is to investigate an alternative mechanism for the poloidal field regeneration, namely the magnetic buoyancy instability in a shear-generated, rotating magnetic layer. We use a local, fully compressible model in which an imposed vertical shear winds up an initially vertical magnetic field. The field ultimately becomes buoyantly unstable, and we measure the resulting mean electromotive force (EMF). For sufficiently rapid rotation, we find that a significant component of the mean EMF is aligned with the direction of the mean magnetic field, which is the characteristic feature of the classical αω-dynamo model. Our results therefore suggest that magnetic buoyancy could contribute directly to the generation of large-scale poloidal field in the Sun.
δ Scuti pulsations in the bright Pleiades eclipsing binary HD 23642
Authors: Southworth John , Murphy S J , Pavlovski K 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We announce the discovery of pulsations in HD 23642, the only bright eclipsing system in the Pleiades, based on light curves from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). We measure 46 pulsation frequencies and attribute them to δ Scuti pulsations in the secondary component. We find four ℓ = 1 doublets, three of which have frequency splittings consistent with the rotation rate of the star. The dipole mode amplitude ratios are consistent with a high stellar inclination angle and the stellar rotation period agrees with the orbital period. Together, these suggest that the spin axis of the secondary is aligned with the orbital axis. We also determine precise effective temperatures and a spectroscopic light ratio, and use the latter to determine the physical properties of the system alongside the TESS data and published radial velocities. We measure a distance to the system in agreement with the Gaia parallax, and an age of 170 ± 20 Myr based on a comparison to theoretical stellar evolutionary models.
The volume density of giant low surface brightness galaxies
Authors: Saburova Anna S , Chilingarian Igor V , Kulier Andrea , Galaz Gaspar , Grishin Kirill A , Kasparova Anastasia V , Toptun Victoria , Katkov Ivan Yu 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Rare giant low surface brightness galaxies (gLSBGs) act as a stress test for the current galaxy formation paradigm. To answer the question ‘How rare are they?’, we estimate their volume density in the local Universe. A visual inspection of 120 deg2 covered by deep Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam data was performed independently by four team members. We detected 42 giant disky systems (30 of them isolated) at z ≤ 0.1 with either g-band 27.7 mag arcsec−2 isophotal radius or four disc scale lengths 4h ≥ 50 kpc, 37 of which (including 25 isolated) had low central surface brightness (μ0,g ≥ 22.7 mag arcsec−2). This corresponds to volume densities of 4.70 × 10−5 Mpc−3 for all galaxies with giant extended discs and 4.04 × 10−5 Mpc−3 for gLSBGs, which converts to ∼12 700 such galaxies in the entire sky out to z &lt; 0.1. These estimates agree well with the result of the Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments (EAGLE) cosmological hydrodynamical simulation. Giant disky galaxies represent the large-sized end of the volume density distribution of normal-sized spirals, suggesting the non-exceptional nature of giant discs. We observe a high active galactic nucleus fraction among the newly found gLSBGs.
Language and Mediated Masculinities
Authors: Lawson Robert 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
From television shows to the manosphere and from alt-right communities to fatherhood forums debates about masculinity have come to dominate the media landscape. What does it mean to be a man in contemporary society? How is masculinity constituted in different media spaces? This growing cultural tension around masculinities has been discussed and analyzed both for general audiences and in burgeoning academic scholarship. What has been typically overlooked, however, is the role that language plays in reifying these mediated performances of masculinity. Drawing on data from newspapers, social media sites, television programs, and online forums, this book explores language and masculinities across a range of media contexts, offering a critical evaluation of the intersection between language, masculinities, and identities in contemporary society. Against a cultural backdrop of rising neoliberalism, ethnic nationalism, online radicalization, networked misogyny, and fractious gender relations, this book furthers our understanding of how language is implicated in (re)creating gender ideologies, how language shapes contemporary gender relations, and the different ways men use language to monitor, evaluate, and police gender identities in online and offline spaces.
Representations of ‘Hard Man’ Masculinity and Ideologies of Toughness in the British Press
Authors: Lawson Robert 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Using data collected from The Scotsman and The Guardian newspapers, Chapter 4 presents a diachronic analysis of a corpus of news articles to outline how the term ‘hard man’ has been used in print media in the UK. By investigating how ‘tough’ masculinities are constructed at a national level, the chapter considers the role of the press in (de)legitimizing public performances of masculinity, how particular evaluative stances are encoded in newspaper discourse, and the complex web of social meanings associated with the term ‘hard man’. While the focus in this chapter is on British newspapers, the chapter has broader relevance to contexts further afield, particularly in terms of how specific forms of masculinity are constructed in the mass media.
Being a ‘Real Man’ on /r/The_Donald
Authors: Lawson Robert 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Chapter 5 examines the intersections of masculinity, ethnicity, and nationalism in /r/The_Donald, a community on the social networking site Reddit. In particular, the chapter traces how different types of men are represented in this community and what this might tell us about broader discourses of masculinity in the ‘alt-right’, a political movement which pits itself against left-wing liberalism, feminism, and multiculturalism. This chapter contributes to the growing body of work on how ethnic and national identities become bound up with masculinity politics, as well as adding to our understanding of how ‘banal nationalism’ is expressed in gendered terms. In the context of growing extremist right-wing political ideology and the spread of white nationalist discourse, such a project is ever more socially relevant.
“Book ’em, Danno”Cop and Detective Shows
Authors: Burlingame Jon 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 looks at the long and fascinating history of themes and music for crime TV shows, starting with Henry Mancini’s Peter Gunn in 1958—a huge success in both TV and on records that led to dozens of jazz-based themes for cops and detectives. M Squad enabled Black composers (Count Basie, Benny Carter) to receive screen credit in TV for the first time; later, Duke Ellington does Asphalt Jungle and Quincy Jones joins the crowd with music for Ironside. John Williams has his first success as a screen composer with “Checkmate.” “Hawaii Five-0” becomes a hit on records and an iconic theme used decades later for a TV reboot. NBC’s Mystery Movie series commissions more sophisticated scores; Mike Post launches a decades-long career with The Rockford Files, later Hill Street Blues and Law & Order, while Jan Hammer employs synthesizers for the trendy Miami Vice. Women composers (Angela Morley, Nan Schwartz, Shirley Walker) are finally accepted on shows like Cagney & Lacey.
“Head ’em Up! Move ’em Out!”The Westerns
Authors: Burlingame Jon 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The history of music for TV westerns (which begins with old songs for Roy Rogers and Gene Autry shows) centers mostly on the 1950s and 1960s, the heyday of the genre. Gunsmoke’s theme was drawn from the radio show that preceded the TV edition; movie great Bernard Herrmann wrote considerable western music for the CBS library that wound up tracked into dozens of episodes of Have Gun Will Travel, Rawhide, and others. Western themes by top songwriters including Harry Warren (Wyatt Earp) and Livingston and Evans (Bonanza), movie composers like Dimitri Tiomkin (Rawhide) and Jerome Moross (Wagon Train), and top record arrangers like Percy Faith (The Virginian), rule the airwaves. Americana scores by David Rose (High Chaparral), Elmer Bernstein (Riverboat), and George Duning (Big Valley) and, later, a spaghetti-western style theme by Italian composer Ennio Morricone (The Men from Shiloh), are notable additions.
“You are traveling through another dimension”Fantasy and Science Fiction
Authors: Burlingame Jon 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Some of the most unusual and compelling scores in TV history have been written for the fantasy and science-fiction genre. Twilight Zone launched with a Bernard Herrmann theme, one that was replaced by the avant-garde French composer Marius Constant (although it was decades before he knew how his unusual musical phrases were turned into a TV theme). Jerry Goldsmith scored several Twilight Zone episodes before moving to Universal for Thriller. Herrmann later contributed to The Alfred Hitchcock Hour. The Outer Limits and Lost in Space were major entries, but the multi-decade success of Star Trek in the 1960s and its various spinoffs of the 1980s and 1990s were landmarks, and their themes and scores now iconic. Later, Twin Peaks, The X-Files, and Lost charted new territory for the eerie and bizarre, and their composers matched the storytelling with evocative scores. Electronic music pioneer Gil Melle works primarily in television.
The Medieval Earth
Authors: Dal Prete Ivano 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 discusses medieval models of the physical changes of the globe, which often entailed the possibility or “probability” of an ancient Earth. The Bible was not the only source that described the destruction of humankind by a catastrophic flood: Plato, Aristotle, Ovid, and Seneca all posited that a physically and morally “corrupt” Earth was periodically renovated by deluges of water or fire, either universal or local, occasioned by particular astral conjunctions. Scholars like Jean Buridan and Albert of Saxony deployed impressive intellectual efforts to show that new mountains could replace aging ones as they were eroded, since the absence of such a mechanism would have denied the possibility of an ancient Earth. While they could not determine when the world began, they went to great extents to demonstrate that its extreme antiquity was physically plausible as well as compatible with the faith.
The Invention of the History of Deep Time, 1700–1770
Authors: Dal Prete Ivano 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the course of the eighteenth century, Earth history was increasingly weaponized into a tool of cultural wars and political propaganda. Immensely influential philosophes like Voltaire, Boulanger, and d’Holbach turned the recent association of diluvialism and Christianity into a paradigm of the alleged historical clash of religious dogmatism and rational enquiry. As they rearranged sources and evidence in a way that suited their political and cultural agendas and their conception of history, they outlined for the first time what remains to these days the common understanding of pre-1800 Earth history. Theories based on an ancient Earth were presented not in their uninterrupted continuity with medieval and Renaissance traditions, but as recent feats of human reason freed from Christian obscurantism.
Political Fossils, 1740–1800
Authors: Dal Prete Ivano 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Recast into a tool of anti-Christian propaganda, the antiquity of the Earth came to be perceived in conservative milieus as a direct threat to the basis of the existing social order, rooted in the proverbial alliance of the throne and the altar. Using eighteenth-century Venice as a case study, this chapter argues that fears of social subversion contributed powerfully to the politicization and polarization of Earth history. Venetian ruling elites espoused diluvialism and a young Creation as instruments of social and political preservation, using their social clout to impose a diluvialist orthodoxy where none had existed before. Ultimately, the identification of an ancient Earth with irreligion was instrumental in establishing the new narrative of the history of deep time. Conservatives bolstered the legitimacy of their positions by claiming, too, that the biblical chronology had always been an essential tenet of Christianity, only recently challenged by modern secularism.
A Higher Education Sector on the Edge: Part I
Authors: Joseph Richard J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter turns to the American side of the Great Chasm (i.e., the “supply side”). Reflecting the book’s materialist approach, it examines the economic substructure of the U.S. higher education sector (the “realm of finances”), from which arises the ideological superstructure of American higher education (the “realm of ideas”). The chapter identifies elements that support this substructure, traces their historical evolution, and describes the profiles of institutions that make up the sector. The description is intended to give the reader an idea of the rich diversity of institutions that constitute the “vast majority” of American colleges and universities. The ranks of these institutions go beyond the “elite few.”
Germany
Authors: Pritzsche Kai Uwe , Reinhardt Katharina 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on generation adequacy in Germany. Germany’s energy politics remain sceptical about capacity markets. They prefer to rely on an ‘electricity market 2.0’, which is an ‘energy-only market’ supported by several strengthening reserve capacity mechanisms. To secure supply of electricity and to incentivize the building of new renewables generation capacities, Germany prefers to use measured amounts of subsidies. After some friction, the German market design has been made compatible with the European state aid rules. However, on its way towards climate neutrality Germany’s Energy Transition (Energiewende) faces severe challenges. Despite Germany’s strong industrial sector, driven by the fight against climate change and the target of a ‘net zero carbon economy’ by 2045, in addition to the shutdown of nuclear power generation by the end of 2022, it was decided to close down all coal-fired power plants by 2038. This will have to rely heavily on the quick extension of generation capacity from renewable sources, mainly onshore and offshore wind and photovoltaics, on sufficient gas supply, in particular from Russia, on the development of ‘green hydrogen’ and electricity imports from other European countries.
Melancholia and Its Evolution in Thirteenth-Century Iberia
Authors: López González Luis F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis introduction shows how this book fits into the context of melancholic discourses in Iberian culture, art, and literature and across Europe more broadly. In other words, it aims to explicate what specific epistemic gap attempts to fill within the emerging interdisciplinary field of medical humanities. To do so, I establish a direct correlation between the literary production of the thirteenth- and fourteenth-century texts I analyze and the cultural evolution in Iberian systems of thought. These foundational literary works, I contend, contain the seeds that cause the transition from a theocentric worldview to a humanistic one. Hence, I offer a summary of how the multifaceted condition of melancholia evolved across epochs and cultures, paying particular attention to the role Spain (Toledo in particular) played in the translation of Arabic medical treatises into Latin and the Castilian vernacular and the subsequent dissemination across Europe. The clinical literature, in turn, helped Iberian authors understand health and diseases through the inner workings of the human body, rather than the divine.
“Mais braadou come cabron”
Authors: López González Luis F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChapter 1 studies an odd type of madness believed to result from the burning of the melancholic humors, or black bile, a common disease characterized by false identity beliefs and a misperception of the external world. King Alfonso, King Sancho IV, and Juan Manuel knew this illness from the New Galenic system of thought dominating in cultured circles across Europe. This type of aberration quickly became a literary motif and was exploited by Iberian authors to showcase the frailty of humankind and the transience of life. This first chapter benefits from these literary tropes to analyze cantigas 65 and 283 from King Alfonso’s influential Cantigas de Santa Maria. Both cantigas exhibit traits of what medieval physicians believed to be adust melancholia, including the false belief of having become an animal and the withdrawal from society and into the self.
Melancholic Delusions in the Margins ofEl Conde Lucanor
Authors: López González Luis F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChapter 2 offers a continuation of the discussion about adust melancholia in the context of Juan Manuel’s masterpiece, Conde Lucanor. Melancholy and humoral theories had become popular before the composition of this work, and its popularity is well attested, particularly toward the end of the book whose time of composition coincides with the author’s mature age. This chapter mainly investigates two stories, one written by Juan Manuel (exemplo 47) and one interpolated in the margins of a manuscript of Conde Lucanor by a fifteenth-century editor (exemplo 53). Both stories complement each other to offer a complete portrait of what medieval physicians recognized as adust melancholia, as the philosopher from exemplo 47 suffers from a type of illness that would render him delusional if he fails to evacuate his bowels in a timely manner, while the man from exemplo 53 comes to believe that he has died. Taken together, these two tales aesthetically represent the causes, symptoms, and effects of the surplus of black humor in the body and its combustion.
Stress and equilibrium
Authors: Anand Lallit , Kamrin Ken , Govindjee Sanjay 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter covers the basics of force and moment equilibrium. The definitions of traction and stress are given, and the special state of plane stress is described. The traction-stress relation is derived, and the equations of force equilibrium and moment balance are developed using differential element constructions. The equations of motion which account for inertia are also discussed. Common states of homogeneous stress—pure tension/compression, pure shear, and hydrostatic pressure—are discussed. The notions of mean normal stress and stress deviator are also introduced.
Wave propagation in isotropic elastic bodies
Authors: Anand Lallit , Kamrin Ken , Govindjee Sanjay 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter briefly considers wave propagation in isotropic linear elastic solids. During wave propagation inertial effects must be accounted for, which results in the so-called elastodynamic problem. This problem admits plane harmonic waves as an important class of solutions. A plane wave possesses a direction of travel and an amplitude, which gives the magnitude and direction of particle motion, a wave speed, and a wavelength. The wave is called a longitudinal wave if the amplitude is parallel to the direction of propagation, and a shear wave if the amplitude is perpendicular to the travel direction. Longitudinal and shear waves are shown to travel at different speeds that depend on the elastic moduli and the mass density of the material.
Three-dimensional small deformation theory of rate-independent plasticity
Authors: Anand Lallit , Kamrin Ken , Govindjee Sanjay 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the small deformation three-dimensional Mises–Hill theory of rate-independent plasticity with isotropic hardening. The additive decomposition of the strain tensor into elastic and plastic parts is introduced, together with the assumption of plastic incompressibility. The Mises yield condition and the concept of isotropic strain-hardening are introduced, as is a plastic flow rule—together with attendant loading/unloading conditions—to formulate a complete macroscopic theory for three-dimensional rate-independent elastic-plastic deformation of metallic solids. The rigid-plastic limit of this theory is discussed, along with an extension to large deformations, valid for proportional loading paths.
Introduction to fracture mechanics
Authors: Anand Lallit , Kamrin Ken , Govindjee Sanjay 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the important topic of fracture of materials and discusses the difference between brittle and ductile mechanisms of fracture; this distinction is discussed at both the local level in a process zone at a crack tip, and at the structural level. A criterion for the brittle fracture of a component which fractures by a locally brittle cleavage mechanism is derived by considering the locally elevated level of tensile stress at a crack tip in relation to the ideal cleavage strength of the material. A derivation of the ideal cleavage strength in terms of the Young’s modulus, the surface energy, and the interatomic lattice spacing of a crystalline material is provided. As a prelude to a discussion of modern fracture mechanics, this fracture criterion is recast in terms of an applied stress intensity factor and a critical stress intensity factor, or fracture toughness, of the material.
Rubber elasticity
Authors: Anand Lallit , Kamrin Ken , Govindjee Sanjay 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the large deformation elastic response of rubber-like (elastomeric) materials. Such materials are usually idealized to be isotropic and incompressible. A large deformation theory for isotropic elastic materials in principal stretch space is discussed; the general form for the free-energy function in terms of principal stretches for isotropic materials is stated, and special considerations needed for incompressible materials are elaborated upon. The resulting expressions for the principal true (Cauchy) stresses and the principal engineering stresses are derived. The Neo-Hookean free-energy function—which is widely used for modelling material response at moderately large stretches—is discussed, as are the generalizations of this free energy which result in the Arruda–Boyce and Gent free energies which account for chain-locking effects at large stretches. An extension of the theory beyond principal stretches, using the general notion of the deformation gradient, is also briefly discussed.