bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New theropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Japan provides critical implications for the early evolution of ornithomimosaurs
Authors: Hattori Soki , Shibata Masateru , Kawabe Soichiro , Imai Takuya , Nishi Hiroshi , Azuma Yoichi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOrnithomimosauria consists of the ostrich-mimic dinosaurs, most of which showing cursorial adaptations, that often exhibit features indicative of herbivory. Recent discoveries have greatly improved our knowledge of their evolutionary history, including the divergence into Ornithomimidae and Deinocheiridae in the Early Cretaceous, but the early part of their history remains obscured because their fossil remains are scarce in the Aptian–Albian sediments. In recent years, many isolated ornithomimosaur remains have been recovered from the Aptian Kitadani Formation of Fukui, central Japan. These remains represent multiple individuals that share some morphological features common to them but unknown in other ornithomimosaurs, suggesting a monospecific accumulation of a new taxon. As a result of the description and phylogenetic analysis, the Kitadani ornithomimosaur is recovered as a new genus and species Tyrannomimus fukuiensis, the earliest definitive deinocheirid that complements our knowledge to understand the early evolutionary history of Ornithomimosauria. Due to its osteological similarity to Tyrannomimus, a taxon previously considered an early tyrannosauroid based on fragmentary specimens, namely Aviatyrannis jurassica, may represent the earliest ornithomimosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Europe, significantly expanding the temporal and biogeographic range of Ornithomimosauria. This finding fills a 20-million-year ghost lineage of Ornithomimosauria implied by the presence of the oldest fossil record of Maniraptora from the Middle Jurassic and is consistent with the hypothesis that their biogeographic range was widespread before the Pangaean breakup in the Kimmeridgian.
Reliability analysis of the triple modular redundancy system under step-partially accelerated life tests using Lomax distribution
Authors: Al-Essa Laila A. , Abdel-Hamid Alaa H. , Alballa Tmader , Hashem Atef F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTriple modular redundancy (TMR) is a robust technique utilized in safety-critical applications to enhance fault-tolerance and reliability. This article focuses on estimating the distribution parameters of a TMR system under step-stress partially accelerated life tests, where each component included in the system follows a Lomax distribution. The study aims to analyze the system’s reliability and mean residual lifetime based on the estimated parameters. Various estimation techniques, including maximum likelihood, percentile, least squares, and maximum product of spacings, are explored. Additionally, the optimal stress change time is determined using two criteria. An illustrative example supported by two actual data sets is presented to showcase the methodology’s application. By conducting Monte Carlo simulations, the assessment of the estimation methods’ effectiveness reveals that the maximum likelihood method outperforms the other three methods in terms of both accuracy and performance, as indicated by the numerical outcomes. This research contributes to the understanding and practical implementation of TMR systems in safety-critical industries, potentially saving lives and preventing catastrophic events.
Identifying Palaeolithic birch tar production techniques: challenges from an experimental biomolecular approach
Authors: Kozowyk Paul R. B. , Baron Liliana I. , Langejans Geeske H. J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe intentional production of birch bark tar by European Neanderthals as early as 190,000 years ago plays an important role in discussions about the technological and behavioural complexity of Pleistocene hominins. However, research is hampered because it is currently unknown how Neanderthals were producing birch tar. There are several different techniques that could have been employed, but these differ in their apparent production complexity, time and resource efficiency. Identifying production processes in the archaeological record is therefore paramount for furthering research on the technical behavioural repertoire. Organic biomarkers, identified with Gas Chromatograph–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), have been used to identify possible production processes during the Neolithic. Here we test whether these biomarkers can also distinguish Palaeolithic (aceramic) tar production methods. We produced tar using five different methods and analysed their biomolecular composition with GC–MS. Our results show that the biomarkers used to distinguish Neolithic tar production strategies using ceramic technology cannot be reliably used to identify tar production processes using aceramic Palaeolithic techniques. More experimentation is required to produce a larger reference library of different tars for future comparisons. To achieve this, complete GC–MS datasets must also be made publicly available, as we have done with our data.
Adsorptive removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution using Rumex abyssinicus derived activated carbon
Authors: Abewaa Mikiyas , Mengistu Ashagrie , Takele Temesgen , Fito Jemal , Nkambule Thabo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe potential for malachite green dye saturated effluent to severely affect the environment and human health has prompted the search for effective treatment technologies. Thus, this study was conducted with the goal of developing activated carbon from Rumex abyssinicus for the adsorptive removal of malachite green dye from an aqueous solution. Unit operations such as drying, size reduction, impregnation with H3PO4, and thermal activation were used during the preparation of the activated carbon. An experiment was designed considering four main variables at their respective three levels: initial dye concentration (50, 100, and 150 mg/L), pH (3, 6, and 9), contact period (20, 40, and 60 min), and adsorbent dosage (0.05, 0.01, and 0.15 g/100 mL). Optimization of the batch adsorption process was carried out using the Response Surface methodology's Box Behnken approach. The characterization of the activated carbon was described by SEM for surface morphology with cracks and highly porous morphology, FTIR for multi-functional groups O–H at 3506.74 cm−1 and 3290.70 cm−1, carbonyl group stretching from aldehyde and ketone (1900–1700 cm−1), stretching motion of aromatic ring C=C (1543.12 cm−1), stretching motion of –C–H (1500–1200 cm−1), vibrational and stretching motion of –OH (1250.79 cm−1), and vibrational motion of C–O–C (1049.32 cm−1), pHpzc of 5.1, BET for the specific surface area of 962.3 m2/g, and XRD for the presence of amorphous structure. The maximum and minimum dye removal efficiencies of 99.9% and 62.4% were observed at their respective experimental conditions of (100 mg/L, 0.10 mg/100 mL, pH 6, and 40 min) and (100 mg/L, 0.15 mg/100 mL, pH 3, and 20 min), respectively. Langmuir, Freundlich, Toth, and Koble-Corrigan models were used to evaluate the experimental data, in which Koble-Corrigan model was found to be the best fit with the highest value of R2 0.998. In addition to this, the kinetic studies were undertaken using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion, and Boyd models, and as a result, the pseudo-second-order model proved to have a better fit among the kinetic models. The kinetics and isotherm analysis revealed that the nature of the adsorption to be homogenous and monolayer surfaces driven by chemosorption. Furthermore, the thermodynamics study revealed the nature of adsorption to be feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic. On the other hand, the reusability study depicted the fact that the adsorbent can be utilized for five cycles with a negligible drop in the removal efficiencies from 99.9 to 95.2%. Finally, the low-cost, environmentally benign, and high adsorption capacity of the adsorbent material derived from Rumex abyssinicus stem could be used to treat industrial effluents.
The effect of uveitis and undiagnosed spondyloarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Shih-Ching , Yang Chung-Han , Tsai Yun-Chen , Yu Kuang-Hui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDelay diagnosis of spondyloarthritis (SpA) is associated with poor functional ability and quality of life. Uveitis is the most frequent extraarticular manifestation in SpA, and its prevalence increases with longer disease duration. This study examines the effect of uveitis on the disease activity and functional outcome of undiagnosed SpA. We reviewed published and unpublished studies. Data were pooled using the random-effects model; pooled means, and mean differences (MDs) were calculated. In the included 14 studies, disease activity, functional index, and inflammatory markers were measured in 2581 patients with SpA with uveitis and 13,972 without. The pooled mean delay in diagnosis of SpA with uveitis (6.08 years; 95% CI 4.77 to 7.38) was longer than those without (5.41 years; 95% CI 3.94 to 6.89). The Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) score was the highest for a delay of 2–5 years (5.60, 95% CI 5.47 to 5.73) and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) score was the lowest for a delay of < 2 years (2.92, 95% CI 2.48 to 3.37) and gradually increased to delay of > 10 years (4.17, 95% CI 2.93 to 5.41). Patients with SpA with uveitis had higher trend of Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS)-CRP and BASDAI. The delay to diagnosis was longer in SpA with uveitis, and disease activity was often higher than those without uveitis. Early diagnosis of SpA with timely initiation of an appropriate management plan may reduce the adverse effects of the disease and improve functional ability.
Study on the law of surface subsidence in layered mining of thick coal seam with medium hard roof
Authors: Liu Xiugang , Wei Fei , Tan Zhixiang , Jiang Zaibing , Wang Yi , Zhang Jie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this study, the change law of the surface subsidence coefficient under the condition of thick coal seam layered mining was investigated. The study is based on the measured subsidence data of the 1210-working face of the Mengba mine surface mobile observation station after the first- and second-layer mining. UDEC numerical simulation software was used to simulate the variation of surface subsidence coefficient after the first, second, third, fourth, fifth-, and sixth-layer mining when the thickness of slicing mining is 5 m. The maximum relative error between the simulated result and the measured result of the subsidence coefficient q is 2.7%, which further verifies the correctness of the established model. Moreover, the simulation results show that with the increase of the cumulative mining thickness, the subsidence coefficient q of the surface presents a segmented characteristic. When the cumulative mining thickness does not reach 25 m, the subsidence coefficient of the surface gradually increases with the increase of the mining thickness. On the other hand, when the cumulative mining thickness reaches 25 m, the subsidence coefficient of the surface will tend to a constant value and no longer change with the increase of the mining thickness. Finally, the calculation formula between the surface subsidence coefficient and the cumulative mining thickness of layered mining under the condition of medium hard roof is fitted, which provides a parameter basis for coal seam mining with similar geological conditions.
Drought characteristics in Mediterranean under future climate change
Authors: Essa Yassmin H. , Hirschi Martin , Thiery Wim , El-Kenawy Ahmed M. , Yang Chunxue 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe present work aims to address the physical properties of different drought types under near-future climates in the Mediterranean. To do so, we use a multi-model mean of the bias-adjusted and downscaled product of five Earth System Models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project—phase6 (CMIP6), provided by Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP), under four shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, SSP3–7.0, and SSP5–8.5) for the period 2021–2060, to estimate the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at 1-, 6-, and 12-month time scales, and address the meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological drought, respectively. Additionally, SPEI is calculated from the bias-adjusted CMIP6 historical simulations and the reanalysis ‘WFDE5’ for 1980–2014 as a historical and reference period. The comparison of the CMIP6 with WFDE5 reveals a consistently increasing tendency for drought occurrences in the Mediterranean, particularly for agricultural and hydrological drought time scales. Nonetheless, an overestimation in historical trend magnitude is shown by the CMIP6 with respect to WFDE5. The projection results depict drought frequencies ranging between 12 and 25% of the studied period 2021–2060, varying with regions and climate scenarios. The tendency to increase the drought frequency is more pronounced in the southern than northern Mediterranean countries. Drought severity is remarkable in the aggregated time scales; consequently, more pressure is foreseen in the food and water sectors. Drought seasonality reveals a higher tendency for drought occurrences in summer (autumn) months for the meteorological (agricultural) droughts. The driving factor(s) for drought occurrence strongly depends on regional climate characteristics.
Regulation of brain endothelial cell physiology by the TAM receptor tyrosine kinase Mer
Authors: Happonen Kaisa E. , Burrola Patrick G. , Lemke Greg 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe receptor tyrosine kinase Mer (gene name Mertk) acts in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) to tighten the blood-brain barrier (BBB) subsequent to viral infection, but how this is achieved is poorly understood. We find that Mer controls the expression and activity of a large cohort of BBB regulators, along with endothelial nitric oxide synthase. It also controls, via an Akt-Foxo1 pathway, the expression of multiple angiogenic genes. Correspondingly, EC-specific Mertk gene inactivation resulted in perturbed vascular sprouting and a compromised BBB after induced photothrombotic stroke. Unexpectedly, stroke lesions in the brain were also reduced in the absence of EC Mer, which was linked to reduced plasma expression of fibrinogen, prothrombin, and other effectors of blood coagulation. Together, these results demonstrate that Mer is a central regulator of angiogenesis, BBB integrity, and blood coagulation in the mature vasculature. They may also account for disease severity following infection with the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.
Improving AlphaFold2-based protein tertiary structure prediction with MULTICOM in CASP15
Authors: Liu Jian , Guo Zhiye , Wu Tianqi , Roy Raj S. , Chen Chen , Cheng Jianlin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSince the 14th Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction (CASP14), AlphaFold2 has become the standard method for protein tertiary structure prediction. One remaining challenge is to further improve its prediction. We developed a new version of the MULTICOM system to sample diverse multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) and structural templates to improve the input for AlphaFold2 to generate structural models. The models are then ranked by both the pairwise model similarity and AlphaFold2 self-reported model quality score. The top ranked models are refined by a novel structure alignment-based refinement method powered by Foldseek. Moreover, for a monomer target that is a subunit of a protein assembly (complex), MULTICOM integrates tertiary and quaternary structure predictions to account for tertiary structural changes induced by protein-protein interaction. The system participated in the tertiary structure prediction in 2022 CASP15 experiment. Our server predictor MULTICOM_refine ranked 3rd among 47 CASP15 server predictors and our human predictor MULTICOM ranked 7th among all 132 human and server predictors. The average GDT-TS score and TM-score of the first structural models that MULTICOM_refine predicted for 94 CASP15 domains are ~0.80 and ~0.92, 9.6% and 8.2% higher than ~0.73 and 0.85 of the standard AlphaFold2 predictor respectively.
Fundamental decoherence from quantum spacetime
Authors: Arzano Michele , D’Esposito Vittorio , Gubitosi Giulia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUnderstanding whether quantum gravitational effects can lead to a fundamental decoherence, affecting all systems regardless of their environment, is a long standing open challenge. Here we provide a rigorous derivation of decoherence within a full-fledged model of quantum spacetime, encoded by noncommutativity at the Planck scale. Specifically, we obtain a generalized time evolution of quantum systems in which pure states can evolve into mixed states. This takes the form of a Lindblad-like time evolution for the density operator when the action of time translations generator is deformed by the effects of spacetime noncommutativity. The decoherence time for the evolution of a free particle is used to show that the Planck mass is the maximum allowed mass for elementary quantum systems.
Analysing engagement with Indigenous Peoples in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Sixth Assessment Report
Authors: Carmona Rosario , Reed Graeme , Thorsell Stefan , Dorough Dalee Sambo , MacDonald Joanna Petrasek , Rai Tunga Bhadra , Sanago Gideon Abraham 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIndigenous Peoples’ advocacy and contributions to climate action have drawn international attention, including from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This article assesses to which degree the IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) recognises the role and knowledge systems of Indigenous Peoples. Through a content analysis of the Working Groups I, II, and III reports and the Synthesis Report, we found an increasing number of references related to Indigenous Peoples and their knowledge systems. However, the IPCC still perpetuates a reductionist approach that reinforces harmful stereotypes. Overcoming this weakness requires greater reflexivity and concrete actions, including consistent recognition of Indigenous Peoples’ rights, refraining from merely portraying Indigenous Peoples as vulnerable and adopting a strengths-based approach, ensuring ethical and equitable application of Indigenous Peoples’ knowledge systems, and involving Indigenous Peoples from the scoping process. By implementing these measures, the IPCC can improve its partnership with Indigenous Peoples in preparation for AR7.
Nachhaltigkeit im OP – korrelieren Sterilität, Sicherheit und Service auch mit einer ressourcenschonenden Verwendung von Medizinprodukten?
Authors: Egetemeyer Josef , Jacob Sven , Lehmann Ferdinand , Guba Markus , Werner Jens , Börner Nikolaus 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungIn Zeiten einer nie da gewesenen Energiekriese gewinnt Nachhaltigkeit zunehmend an Bedeutung. Diese Entwicklung macht auch vor der Medizin und insbesondere vor dem OP nicht halt, da hier eine wesentliche Menge an Treibhausgasen produziert wird. Aufgrund dieser Entwicklung stellt sich nun die Frage, ob sich Sterilität, Sicherheit und Service mit einer ressourcenschonenden Verwendung von Medizinprodukten in Einklang zu bringen sind. Ein Ziel muss hierbei sein, Einwegartikel, die einen hohen Grad an Sterilität bieten, durch sicher wieder aufbereitbare Mehrwegartikel zu ersetzen. Durch steigende Energiekosten sowie Lieferengpässe bietet die Wiederaufbereitung von Produkten für die Klinik zunehmende Unabhängigkeit. Weiterhin verbessert der Weg hin zu erneuerbaren Energien bei Mehrwegprodukten den Carbon Footprint zusehends. Die gewonnene Unabhängigkeit der Kliniken bietet auch für die Patienten mehr Sicherheit, da die Gefahr von nicht zur Verfügung stehenden Materialien verringert wird. Neben dem Ziel der zunehmenden Verwendung von Mehrwegartikeln wird auch das Recyceln von Einwegprodukten eine zunehmende Rolle spielen. Life Cycle Assessments werden hierbei zunehmend die optimale Auswahl an Produkten steuern. Zusammenfassend bieten diese Optionen also die Möglichkeit, die zunehmende Notwendigkeit von Nachhaltigkeit im OP umzusetzen.
Chromatische Pupillometrie – ein neuer Weg zur funktionellen Glaukomdiagnostik?
Authors: Huchzermeyer Cord 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDie chromatische Pupillometrie erlaubt die Quantifizierung der photorezeptorvermittelten (extrinsischen) und der melanopsinvermittelten (intrinsischen) Antwort der
intrinsisch-photosensitiven retinalen Ganglienzellen (ipRGCs). Diese kleine Subpopulation der Ganglienzellen wird beim Glaukom ebenfalls geschädigt, und somit ist die chromatische
Pupillometrie für die Glaukomdiagnostik potenziell interessant. Die bisherigen Studien zeigen sowohl eine Verminderung der phasischen Antwort als auch der tonischen Antwort beim Glaukom. Die
diagnostische Wertigkeit unterschied sich abhängig von der verwendeten Technik und dem Studiendesign. Der vorliegende Artikel soll vor allem die Grundlagen der chromatischen Pupillometrie
und die potenziellen Anwendungen beim Glaukom darstellen.
Acute Idiopathic Blind Spot Enlargement Syndrome (AIBSES) – Nutzen der OCT: Übersichtsarbeit
Authors: Zimmermann Julian Alexander , Biermann Julia 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungLediglich rund 100 Fallberichte existieren zum Acute Idiopathic Blind Spot Enlargement Syndrome (AIBSES). Es ist charakterisiert durch den namensgebenden Gesichtsfeldausfall im Bereich des blinden Flecks, akut einsetzende Photopsien und funduskopisch geringe oder keine Veränderungen der Sehnervenkopfumgebung bei auffälligen äußeren Netzhautbanden in der optischen Kohärenztomografie (OCT). Typisch ist das einseitige Auftreten. Betroffen sind vorwiegend junge Frauen. Während bisherige Übersichtsarbeiten zum AIBSES entweder vor der Einführung der OCT entstanden sind oder den Fokus auf die Abgrenzung gegenüber möglicherweise verwandten Krankheitsbildern der äußeren Netzhaut legten (z. B. Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome und Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy), arbeiten wir hier die aktuelle Perspektive und bislang erfolgte Behandlungsstrategien auf und möchten zur Steigerung des Bekanntheitsgrades beitragen. Die Einführung der OCT hat seit der Erstbeschreibung des AIBSES
in den späten 1980er-Jahren die Diagnosestellung und Charakterisierung von AIBSES als Erkrankung der äußeren Netzhaut vereinfacht. Trotzdem kommt es weiterhin häufig zu Fehldiagnosen im Spektrum der Sehnervenentzündungen, da AIBSES nicht differenzialdiagnostisch erwogen wird.