bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of subvoxel fat infiltration in neurodegenerative muscle disorders using quantitative multi‐T2 analysis
Authors: Nassar Jannette , Trabelsi Amira , Amer Rula , Le Fur Yann , Attarian Shahram , Radunsky Dvir , Blumenfeld‐Katzir Tamar , Greenspan Hayit , Bendahan David , Ben‐Eliezer Noam 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMRI's T2 relaxation time is a valuable biomarker for neuromuscular disorders and muscle dystrophies. One of the hallmarks of these pathologies is the infiltration of adipose tissue and a loss of muscle volume. This leads to a mixture of two signal components, from fat and from water, to appear in each imaged voxel, each having a specific T2 relaxation time. In this proof‐of‐concept work, we present a technique that can separate the signals from water and from fat within each voxel, measure their separate T2 values, and calculate their relative fractions. The echo modulation curve (EMC) algorithm is a dictionary‐based technique that offers accurate and reproducible mapping of T2 relaxation times. We present an extension of the EMC algorithm for estimating subvoxel fat and water fractions, alongside the T2 and proton‐density values of each component. To facilitate data processing, calf and thigh anatomy were automatically segmented using a fully convolutional neural network and FSLeyes software. The preprocessing included creating two signal dictionaries, for water and for fat, using Bloch simulations of the prospective protocol. Postprocessing included voxelwise fitting for two components, by matching the experimental decay curve to a linear combination of the two simulated dictionaries. Subvoxel fat and water fractions and relaxation times were generated and used to calculate a new quantitative biomarker, termed viable muscle index, and reflecting disease severity. This biomarker indicates the fraction of remaining muscle out of the entire muscle region. The results were compared with those using the conventional Dixon technique, showing high agreement (R = 0.98, p < 0.001). It was concluded that the new extension of the EMC algorithm can be used to quantify abnormal fat infiltration as well as identify early inflammatory processes corresponding to elevation in the T2 value of the water (muscle) component. This new ability may improve the diagnostic accuracy of neuromuscular diseases, help stratification of patients according to disease severity, and offer an efficient tool for tracking disease progression.
3D printed Sr‐HA/PCL scaffolds: Fabrication via liquid solvent technique
Authors: Ashtariyan Ali , Khorsand Hamid , Bavarsiha Fatemeh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this research, the Sr‐HA/poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL) composite scaffold was fabricated using a solvent‐based extrusion method. First, the coprecipitation method was used to synthesize the Sr‐HA powders. For this purpose, strontium was doped into hydroxyapatite (HA) with molar ratios of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%. Then, the solvent‐based extrusion method was used to manufacture the 3D printed Sr‐HA/PCL scaffolds. X‐ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, and field emission scanning electron microscope of all samples calcined at 900°C for 1 h indicated the formation of a single‐phase HA structure. The composition of the synthesized powders was confirmed using an inductively coupled plasma test and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The compressive strength of Sr‐HA/PCL scaffolds compared with pure HA increased from 3.8 to 5.9 MPa. Results of the MTT test showed that Sr‐HA/PCL scaffolds were biocompatible and the growth and proliferation of MG63 cells on the surface of scaffolds increased with the presence of strontium.
Enhancing energy storage property of polymer nanocomposites by rationally regulating shell thickness of core–shell structured nanoparticles
Authors: Gao Liang , Zhang Jiaqi , Chen Zijun , Wang Xuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDesign of core–shell structure for ceramic filler is an effective way to improve the electric insulation property of polymer matrix. However, it still faces the disadvantage of a low dielectric constant, inhibiting the increase in energy storage density. Herein, we propose an effective strategy for regulating shell thickness to induce dielectric polarization, which simultaneously improves dielectric constant and breakdown strength of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)‐based nanocomposite incorporated by core–shell structured BaTiO3@SiO2 (BT@SO) nanoparticles. The results show that BT@SO fillers with a moderate SiO2 shell thickness of 15 nm and a low content of 1.0 vol% enhances dielectric constant and breakdown strength of PVDF‐based nanocomposite to 14.7 and 500.5 MV/m, respectively. Compared with pure PVDF, the dielectric constant and breakdown strength of PVDF/BT@SO are increased by 82.2% and 61.3%, respectively. Comprehensively, its discharge energy density is enhanced by 352%, up to 12.2 J/cm3, which is attributed to the high induced polarization of charge confinement and the multi‐function combined effects of SiO2 shell as a deep trap, barrier and adsorption layer. This study provides more insight into the interface control mechanism of core–shell nanostructure, and offers a theoretical basis for designing polymer nanocomposites with high energy storage density.
Formation of a conductive network in urea−formaldehyde/carbon nanotube composite foams for electromagnetic shielding
Authors: Gou Pan , Ye Lin , Li Chuanlong , Zhao Xiaowen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDue to advantages of low cost and intrinsic flame retardancy, urea−formaldehyde (UF) foams with electromagnetic shielding function present a promising application prospect in the fields of construction, transportation and electronics. In this study, by using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as conductive filler and thermo‐expandable microspheres (EMs) as physical foaming agent, a series of UF/CNT composite foams with perfect and polygonal closed cellular structure were prepared for electromagnetic shielding. By adding 6 wt% EMs, the composite foam exhibited a uniform cell wall thickness, while the local accumulation of CNTs was inhibited and CNTs were distributed evenly within the cell walls. With increasing CNT content the dispersion of CNTs transformed from a scattered and ‘island‐like’ structure to an interconnected structure, and for samples with CNT content higher than 1.34 vol% a continuous conductive network was constructed within the cell walls, thus significantly improving the electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness for the foams, which reached 34.5 dB and satisfied the requirement of commercial applications. Moreover, the contribution of absorption to the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness was much larger than that of reflection for composite foams, indicating that absorption was the dominant shielding mechanism. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
A thienyl‐benzodithiophene‐based two‐dimensional conjugated covalent organic framework for fast photothermal conversion
Authors: Liu Yamei , Wang Mingchao , Dong Changlin , Yu Hongde , Lu Yang , Huang Xing , Paasch Silvia , Brunner Eike , Heine Thomas , Song Fang , Auras Florian , Xu Fugui , Mai Yiyong , Feng Xinliang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTwo‐dimensional conjugated covalent organic frameworks (2D c‐COFs) are emerging semiconductor materials for optoelectronic and photothermal applications. In particular, the highly tailorable, semiconducting thiophene‐based 2D c‐COFs have attracted considerable interest due to their nontrivial physicochemical properties such as photo‐activity, broad optical absorption, tunable electronic structures, and so forth. Herein, we demonstrate a novel, crystalline 2D c‐COF based on thienyl‐functionalized benzodithiophene (BDT) and biphenyl (BP) via the Schiff‐base polycondensation reaction. The resultant BDT‐BP‐COF exhibits a broad optical absorption up to ca. 600 nm and decent π‐conjugation along the 2D polymer skeleton, as revealed by the optical absorption and theoretical calculations. The favorable π‐conjugation and the abundant electron‐rich thiophene units confer excellent photo‐activity to BDT‐BP‐COF towards the usage of solar energy. As a proof‐of‐concept application, we explore BDT‐BP‐COF in photothermal conversion, in which it shows a fast surface‐temperature increase upon light irradiation for seconds.
A bacterium against the tiger: further evidence of the potential of noninundative releases of males with manipulated Wolbachia infection in reducing fertility of Aedes albopictus field populations in Italy
Authors: Caputo Beniamino , Moretti Riccardo , Virgillito Chiara , Manica Mattia , Lampazzi Elena , Lombardi Giulia , Serini Paola , Pichler Verena , Beebe Nigel W. , della Torre Alessandra , Calvitti Maurizio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDIncompatible insect technique (IIT) is a population suppression approach based on the release of males with manipulated Wolbachia infection inducing egg inviability in wild females. We here present results of multiple field releases of incompatible ARwP males carried out in 2019 in a 2.7‐ha green area within urban Rome (Italy) to assess the effect on Aedes albopictus egg viability. Data are compared with results obtained in 2018, when the approach was tested for the first time in Europe.RESULTSAn average of 4674 ARwP males were released weekly for 7 weeks, resulting in a mean ARwP:wild male ratio of 1.1:1 (versus 0.7:1 in 2018). Egg‐viability dynamics in ovitraps significantly varied between treated and control sites, with an estimated overall reduction of 35% (versus 15% in 2018). The estimated proportion of females classified as mated with ARwP males was 41.8% and the viability rate of eggs laid by these females (9.5%) was on average significantly lower than that of females only mated with wild males (87.8%); however, high variability in fertility was observed. Values of ARwP male competitiveness were 0.36 and 0.73 based on the overall viability rate of eggs in ovitraps and on female fertility, respectively; thus, well above the conventional 0.2 threshold for an effective suppressive impact in the field.CONCLUSIONSResults further support the potential of IIT as a tool to contribute to Ae. albopictus control in the urban context, stressing the need for larger field trials to evaluate the cost‐efficacy of the approach in temperate regions. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Magnetic and Magnetotransport Properties of the Magnetic Topological Nodal‐Line Semimetal TbSbTe
Authors: Gao Fei , Huang Jianqi , Ren Weijun , Wu Hengheng , An Meng , Wu Xueliang , Zhang Long , Yang Tianran , Wang Aifeng , Chai Yisheng , Zhao Xinguo , Yang Teng , Li Bing , Zhang Zhidong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe magnetic properties, magneto‐resistivity, Hall resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, and heat capacity are investigated for a magnetic topological nodal‐line semimetal TbSbTe. The calculated energy‐band structures of TbSbTe show two nodal rings on the kx‐ky planes, and the Fermi surface possesses one electron pocket with an enclosure of one hole pocket around the Γ point. The multiple magnetic phase transitions are induced at critical magnetic fields of Hc1 ≈ 10.5 kOe, Hc2 ≈ 20.8 kOe, and Hc3 ≈ 38.2 kOe at 2 K for the H // ab plane. Temperature dependence of electrical resistivity displays a hump‐like feature around 240 K, a general positive slope above TN = 6 K but a negative slope below TN. The magnetoresistance exhibits a conversion from the semi‐classical H2 dependence at weak fields to the linear‐field dependence at high fields, indicating the presence of a Dirac linear energy dispersion. TbSbTe may provide an ideal platform for studying topological physics and designing devices based on topological quantum materials.
Robust design and task‐priority control for rescue robot HURCULES
Authors: Hong Seongil , Park Gyuhyun , Lee Youngwoo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel design strategy and task‐priority‐based control methodology for a robot to successfully complete a rescue operation in an extremely unstructured environment. The mechanical structure is designed to obtain both versatile manipulability and all‐terrain mobility. The regularized hierarchical quadratic program is used for whole‐body motion and force control. The optimization strategy is reasoning about regularization and thus it ensures convergence of the solution in the face of singularities while taking into account equality and inequality constraints. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the online optimization‐based control algorithms through extensive real‐world numerical and experimental results. Finally, we highlight that the rescue robot can successfully execute missions to extract a casualty and dispose of a dangerous object both indoor and outdoor environments.
Highly‐Directional, Highly‐Efficient Solution‐Processed Light‐Emitting Diodes of All‐Face‐Down Oriented Colloidal Quantum Well Self‐Assembly
Authors: Baruj Hamed Dehghanpour , Bozkaya Iklim , Canimkurbey Betul , Isik Ahmet Tarik , Shabani Farzan , Delikanli Savas , Shendre Sushant , Erdem Onur , Isik Furkan , Demir Hilmi Volkan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSemiconductor colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) provide anisotropic emission behavior originating from their anisotropic optical transition dipole moments (TDMs). Here, solution‐processed colloidal quantum well light‐emitting diodes (CQW‐LEDs) of a single all‐face‐down oriented self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) film of CQWs that collectively enable a supreme level of IP TDMs at 92% in the ensemble emission are shown. This significantly enhances the outcoupling efficiency from 22% (of standard randomly‐oriented emitters) to 34% (of face‐down oriented emitters) in the LED. As a result, the external quantum efficiency reaches a record high level of 18.1% for the solution‐processed type of CQW‐LEDs, putting their efficiency performance on par with the hybrid organic‐inorganic evaporation‐based CQW‐LEDs and all other best solution‐processed LEDs. This SAM‐CQW‐LED architecture allows for a high maximum brightness of 19,800 cd m−2 with a long operational lifetime of 247 h at 100 cd m−2 as well as a stable saturated deep‐red emission (651 nm) with a low turn‐on voltage of 1.7 eV at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 and a high J90 of 99.58 mA cm−2. These findings indicate the effectiveness of oriented self‐assembly of CQWs as an electrically‐driven emissive layer in improving outcoupling and external quantum efficiencies in the CQW‐LEDs.
Quantitative Measurement of Drug Release Dynamics within Targeted Organelles Using Förster Resonance Energy Transfer
Authors: Tian Mingce , Zhu Yaping , Guan Weijiang , Lu Chao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMeasuring the release dynamics of drug molecules after their delivery to the target organelle is critical to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects. However, it remains challenging to quantitatively monitor subcellular drug release in real time. To address the knowledge gap, a novel gemini fluorescent surfactant capable of forming mitochondria‐targeted and redox‐responsive nanocarriers is designed. A quantitative Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) platform is fabricated using this mitochondria‐anchored fluorescent nanocarrier as a FRET donor and fluorescent drugs as a FRET acceptor. The FRET platform enables real‐time measurement of drug release from organelle‐targeted nanocarriers. Moreover, the obtained drug release dynamics can evaluate the duration of drug release at the subcellular level, which established a new quantitative method for organelle‐targeted drug release. This quantitative FRET platform can compensate for the absent assessment of the targeted release performances of nanocarriers, offering in‐depth understanding of the drug release behaviors at the subcellular targets.
The Influence of Liquid Menisci on Nanoparticle Dosimetry in Submerged Cells
Authors: Glaubitz Christina , Haeni Laetitia , Sušnik Eva , Rothen‐Rutishauser Barbara , Balog Sandor , Petri‐Fink Alke 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the interaction between cells and nanoparticles (NPs) is vital to understand the hazard associated with nanoparticles. This requires quantifying and interpreting dose‐response relationships. Experiments with cells cultured in vitro and exposed to particle dispersions mainly rely on mathematical models that estimate the received nanoparticle dose. However, models need to consider that aqueous cell culture media wets the inner surface of hydrophilic open wells, which results in a curved liquid‐air interface called the meniscus. Here the impact of the meniscus on nanoparticle dosimetry is addressed in detail. Experiments and build an advanced mathematical model, to demonstrate that the presence of the meniscus may bring about systematic errors that must be considered to advance reproducibility and harmonization is presented. The script of the model is co‐published and can be adapted to any experimental setup. Finally, simple and practical solutions to this problem, such as covering the air–liquid interface with a permeable lid or soft rocking of the cell culture well plate is proposed.
Cleanroom‐Free Fabrication of Microneedles for Multimodal Drug Delivery
Authors: Ghanbariamin Delaram , Samandari Mohamadmahdi , Ghelich Pejman , Shahbazmohamadi Sina , Schmidt Tannin A. , Chen Yupeng , Tamayol Ali 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicroneedles have recently emerged as a powerful tool for minimally invasive drug delivery and body fluid sampling. To date, high‐resolution fabrication of microneedle arrays (MNAs) is mostly achieved by the utilization of sophisticated facilities and expertise. Particularly, hollow microneedles have usually been manufactured in cleanrooms out of silicon, resin, or metallic materials. Such strategies do not support the fabrication of microneedles from biocompatible/biodegradable materials and limit the capability of multimodal drug delivery for the controlled release of different therapeutics through a combination of injection and sustained diffusion. This study implements low‐cost 3D printers to fabricate relatively large needle arrays, followed by repeatable shrink‐molding of hydrogels to form high‐resolution molds for solid and hollow MNAs with controllable sizes. The developed strategy further enables modulating surface topography of MNAs to tailor their surface area and instantaneous wettability for controllable drug delivery and body fluid sampling. Hybrid gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)/polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) MNAs are fabricated using the developed strategy that can easily penetrate the skin and enable multimodal drug delivery. The proposed method holds promise for affordable, controllable, and scalable fabrication of MNAs by researchers and clinicians for controlled spatiotemporal administration of therapeutics and sample collection.
Binary Sulfiphilic Nickel Boride on Boron‐Doped Graphene with Beneficial Interfacial Charge for Accelerated Li–S Dynamics
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Peng , Yuan Jia , Song Ning , An Xuguang , Ma Xiaojian , Feng Jinkui , Xi Baojuan , Xiong Shenglin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe “shuttle effect” and slow conversion kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) are stumbling block for high‐energy‐density lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs), which can be effectively evaded by advanced catalytic materials. Transition metal borides possess binary LiPSs interactions sites, aggrandizing the density of chemical anchoring sites. Herein, a novel core–shelled heterostructure consisting of nickel boride nanoparticles on boron‐doped graphene (Ni3B/BG), is synthesized through a graphene spontaneously couple derived spatially confined strategy. The integration of Li2S precipitation/dissociation experiments and density functional theory computations demonstrate that the favorable interfacial charge state between Ni3B and BG provides smooth electron/charge transport channel, which promotes the charge transfer between Li2S4‐Ni3B/BG and Li2S‐Ni3B/BG systems. Benefitting from these, the facilitated solid–liquid conversion kinetics of LiPSs and reduced energy barrier of Li2S decomposition are achieved. Consequently, the LSBs employed the Ni3B/BG modified PP separator deliver conspicuously improved electrochemical performances with excellent cycling stability (decay of 0.07% per cycle for 600 cycles at 2 C) and remarkable rate capability of 650 mAh g−1at 10 C. This study provides a facile strategy for transition metal borides and reveals the effect of heterostructure on catalytic and adsorption activity for LiPSs, offering a new viewpoint to apply boride in LSBs.
Oxide‐Derived Bismuth as an Efficient Catalyst for Electrochemical Reduction of Flue Gas
Authors: Yang Fangqi , Liang Caihong , Zhou Weizhen , Zhao Wendi , Li Pengfei , Hua Zhengyu , Yu Haoming , Chen Shixia , Deng Shuguang , Li Jing , Lam Yeng Ming , Wang Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPost‐combustion flue gas (mainly containing 5–40% CO2 balanced by N2) accounts for about 60% global CO2 emission. Rational conversion of flue gas into value‐added chemicals is still a formidable challenge. Herein, this work reports a β‐Bi2O3‐derived bismuth (OD‐Bi) catalyst with surface coordinated oxygen for efficient electroreduction of pure CO2, N2, and flue gas. During pure CO2 electroreduction, the maximum Faradaic efficiency (FE) of formate reaches 98.0% and stays above 90% in a broad potential of 600 mV with a long‐term stability of 50 h. Additionally, OD‐Bi achieves an ammonia (NH3) FE of 18.53% and yield rate of 11.5 µg h−1 mgcat−1 in pure N2 atmosphere. Noticeably, in simulated flue gas (15% CO2 balanced by N2 with trace impurities), a maximum formate FE of 97.3% is delivered within a flow cell, meanwhile above 90% formate FEs are obtained in a wide potential range of 700 mV. In‐situ Raman combined with theory calculations reveals that the surface coordinated oxygen species in OD‐Bi can drastically activate CO2 and N2 molecules by selectively favors the adsorption of *OCHO and *NNH intermediates, respectively. This work provides a surface oxygen modulation strategy to develop efficient bismuth‐based electrocatalysts for directly reducing commercially relevant flue gas into valuable chemicals.