bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green Synthesis of Pyrazoles: Recent Developments in Aqueous Methods
Authors: Pundeer Rashmi , Singh Sushma , Yadav Sidhant , Minakshi Minakshi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOrganic syntheses by adopting green protocols such as sonochemical procedures, microwave technologies, solvent-free conditions, green solvents, heterogeneous catalysis particularly nanocatalysts, ionic liquids have replaced traditional procedures due to concerns pertaining especially to the environment. The heterocycle, pyrazole, due to its multifaceted applications, has been the target of chemists and therefore various synthetic approaches have been developed to synthesize pyrazole-containing molecules. In the present compilation, we have summarized recent water-based research work on the synthesis of pyrazoles.1	Introduction2	Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Pyrazoles3	Synthesis of Fused Pyrazoles in Water without Catalyst3.1	Fused [5-5]System (3 Heteroatoms): Furo[2,3-c]pyrazoles3.2	Fused [5-6]System (3 Heteroatoms): Pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles3.3	Fused [5-6-6]System (3 Heteroatoms): Pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolones4	Synthesis of Fused Pyrazoles in Water Using Catalyst4.1	Fused [5-5]System (3 Heteroatoms): Furo[2,3-c]pyrazoles4.2	Fused [5-6]System (3 Heteroatoms): Pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles4.3	Fused [5-6-6]System (2 Heteroatoms): Pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazines4.4	Fused [5-6-6]System (3 Heteroatoms): Benzopyranopyrazoles4.5	Fused [5-6-6]System (5 Heteroatoms): Pyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrido
[2,3-	d]pyrimidines and Pyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines5	Conclusions
Percutaneous Antegrade Transvenous Variceal Obliteration for Portal Vesiculopathy-Related Gross Hematuria
Authors: N. Salal , Shaw Amar Narayan , Chatterjee Pritam , Ravikumar Radhakrishnan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVesical varices secondary to portal hypertension are extremely rare cause of hematuria with only a few cases reported to date. We report a case of portal vesiculopathy in a patient of hepatitis B virus-related chronic liver disease presenting with gross hematuria, successfully treated with percutaneous antegrade transvenous obliteration using n-butyl cyanoacrylate glue and Amplatzer vascular plug.
Rehabilitation after Distal Radius Fractures: Opportunities for Improvement
Authors: Meijer Henriëtte A.W. , Obdeijn Miryam C. , van Loon Justin , van den Heuvel Stein B.M. , van den Brink Lianne C. , Schijven Marlies P. , Goslings J. Carel , Schepers Tim 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background Exercises are frequently prescribed to regain function; yet there is no consensus on a standardized protocol, and adherence is low. Smart technology innovations, such as mobile applications, may be useful to provide home-based patient support in rehabilitation after distal radius fractures.
Purposes Our purpose was to establish the potential of digital innovations for support and monitoring of patients and treatment adherence in rehabilitation programs, and additionally, to compare the current practice among physiotherapists to the various wrist exercise regimens and their effectiveness as described in the literature.
Methods Standard practice, including the use of support tools for treatment adherence, was evaluated using a nationwide survey. Then, scientific databases were searched using “distal radius fracture” and “physiotherapy” or “exercise therapy,” and related search terms, up until 23 March 2023. Results of the survey and literature review were compared.
Results The survey was completed by 92 therapists. Nonstandardized support tools were used by 81.6% of respondents; 53.2% used some form of technology, including taking photos on the patients' smartphone for home reference. In the literature review, 23 studies were included, of which five described an exercise protocol. Treatment adherence was not reported in any of the included studies. Two studies described the use of smart technology or support tools.
Conclusions There is no consensus on a standardized exercise protocol for rehabilitation after distal radius fractures, neither from a systematic literature search nor from a nationwide survey. Smart technology may facilitate monitoring of patients and exercise adherence, hereby supporting self-efficacy and improving adherence and outcomes.
Thermodynamic Properties of Chlorine Dioxides and Chlorite Ions
Authors: Schmitz G. 
Published: July 2023

An analysis of experimental measurements of the properties of chlorine dioxide gives ΔfG°(OClO·, g) = 116.3 ± 2.0, ΔfH°(OClO·, g) = 98.5 ± 2.0 kJ mol−1, ΔfG°(ClOO·, g) = 112.5 ± 1.5, and ΔfH°(ClOO·, g) = 98.3 ± 1.5 kJ mol−1. An analysis of OClO· solubility measurements gives Ksol = 1.01 ± 0.15 mol l−1 atm−1, ΔsolH = −28.9 ± 1.5 kJ mol−1, and ΔsolS = −96.9 ± 4 J mol−1 K−1. The uncertainties provided in this paper are expanded uncertainties U or 2 σ (95% confidence internal). These results and the redox potential E°(OClO·, aq/ClO2−, aq) = 0.935 ± 0.02 V give ΔfG°(ClO2−, aq) = 26.1 ± 4.0 kJ mol−1, value significantly larger than the value in the NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties.
Efficient cooling of high-angular-momentum atoms
Authors: Hillberry Logan E , Budker Dmitry , Rochester Simon M , Raizen Mark G 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We propose a highly efficient and fast method of translational cooling for high-angular-momentum atoms. Optical pumping and stimulated transitions, combined with magnetic forces, can be used to compress phase-space density, and the efficiency of each compression step increases with the angular momentum. Entropy is removed by spontaneously emitted photons, and particle number is conserved. This method may be an attractive alternative to evaporative cooling of atoms and possibly molecules in order to produce quantum degenerate gases.
Band-structure based electrostatics model for ultra-thin-body double-gate silicon-on-insulator MOS devices
Authors: Mishra Nalin Vilochan , Kansal Harshit , Solanki Ravi , Medury Aditya Sankar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The effect of quantum confinement has become significant in terms of its impact on the scalability and electrostatics of ultra-thin-body double-gate MOSFETs. In this paper, we present a simplified model to account for the effect of quantum confinement, considering the contribution of the ground-state and the first excited state of the conduction band, on the electron carrier concentration, which when incorporated into the 1-D Poisson’s equation, enables the determination of the electrostatic potential. We establish the accuracy of the proposed model, over a wide range of process and electrical parameters, through aggressively benchmarking the electrostatics parameters obtained from the proposed model with results from the sp
3
d
5

s

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tight-binding method (TBM), over a wide range of device temperatures. Furthermore, a simplified model for the integrated channel charge density is shown in the form of a diffusion layer charge where the thickness and potential of this layer, while being gate voltage dependent, enables the channel charge density obtained from the model to agree well with results from TBM. Through this physics based and accurate model for the integrated charge, a simplified understanding of the gate capacitance is shown as a series combination of the diffusion layer capacitance, strong-inversion capacitance and oxide capacitance, which includes the effects of structural confinement as well as charge confinement at low and high gate voltages, respectively.
Gap electroacoustic waves in PT-symmetric piezoelectric heterostructure near the exceptional point
Authors: Vilkov E A , Byshevski-Konopko O A , Kalyabin D V , Nikitov S A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The spectral properties of gap electroacoustic waves in a PT-symmetric structure of piezoelectrics of symmetry class 6 mm separated by a gap are theoretically investigated. The spectra were calculated for lead germanate (non-zero transverse piezoactivity) and barium titanate (symmetry class 4 mm—zero transverse piezoactivity). It has been established that at a certain level of losses and gain in piezoelectrics, the symmetric and antisymmetric modes intersect. The intersection point determines the singular point of the PT-symmetric structure. Beyond this point, there is a violation of the symmetric and antisymmetric distribution of electric fields in the gap of the slotted structure of two identical piezoelectrics, which is confirmed by the calculation of the electric field profiles. It is shown that the dependence of the amplitude on the frequency at an exceptional point has an extremely narrow resonance peak, which opens up the possibility of creating supersensitive sensors based on PT-symmetric physical structures.
Adaptive scale chirplet transform and its application to bearing fault analysis
Authors: Hou Yating , Han Xingcheng , Bai Jiansheng , Wang Liming 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In response to the problems of biased estimation of instantaneous frequency (If) and poor noise immunity in current time–frequency (Tf) analysis methods, the adaptive scale chirplet transform (ASCT) is proposed in this paper. The core idea of the proposed algorithm is to use a frequency-dependent quadratic polynomial kernel function to approximate the IF of the signal and to use the time-varying window length to overcome the frequency resolution problem due to the change in signal modulation. This method can dynamically select suitable parameters and overcome the disadvantage of unfocused energy of TF distribution. The experimental results show that the ASCT algorithm has high TF aggregation and can suppress noise interference well. In practical signal processing, the advantage of the ASCT algorithm is that it can accurately depict the characteristic frequency of the signal and detect the fault in the bearing signal. Both simulation and experimental results prove the strong realistic relevance of this algorithm.
Adaptive image enhancement and particle size identification method based on coal and gangue
Authors: Luo Qisheng , Wang Shuang , Guo Yongcun , He Lei , Li Xin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
To reduce the influence of material particle size on coal gangue identification, a particle size identification method, and an adaptive image enhancement method are proposed, which can accurately identify the particle size of poorly segmented and mutually blocked materials, effectively reduce the reflection and blur of the image surface and enhance the texture details. Through the research of coal gangue images with different particle sizes, it is found that the image quality and feature curve distribution of small particle size are different from those of large particle size, and the gradient features are worse. In this paper, the accurate identification of particle size is realized using the difference in image quality and texture, and the identification rate is 99.25%. Through the image enhancement method in this paper, 33.41% of the reflection on the image surface is removed, and the average gradient is improved by 74.01%, which effectively improves the image quality and the ability to express texture information. This algorithm has high environmental adaptability, and the identification rate can reach 99.16% in moderate illumination, 98.33% in dim illumination, and 96.33% in strong illumination. This research provides a valuable idea for image processing and identification technology based on machine vision.
Nanostructural evolution of hydrothermally grown SrTiO3 perovskite and its implementation in gaseous phase detection of ethanol
Authors: Bhardwaj Radha , Jena Sushri Soumya , Srikar Valiveru Sai , Ghosh Sarbani , Hazra Arnab 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A group of SrTiO3 nanostructures with unique nano-architecture have been synthesized in the current study. Sol–gel derived TiO2 nanoparticles along with Sr(OH)2 solution was processed with facial hydrothermal reaction at 180 °C and highly stable and distinct morphologies of SrTiO3 were developed after different reaction time. Nanobush, nanograss, nanorod and nanosphere morphologies were created after 10, 14, 18 and 24 h of hydrothermal reaction. SrTiO3 nanosphere was transformed into nano-hollow sphere morphology after thermal annealing at 600 °C. Detailed morphological, structural and chemical characterizations were carried out for all the distinct nanoforms of SrTiO3 where they exhibited high crystallinity, and chemical stability along with excellent surface properties like high porosity, roughness, and large effective surface area. Due to having rich surface properties, all the SrTiO3 morphologies were then implemented for gaseous phase detection of multiple volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, all the SrTiO3 nanoforms showed ethanol selective behavior among all the VOCs. Nanograss and nano-hollow spheres exhibited excellent ethanol sensing with 69 and 78 response values (R
v/R
a) in 50 ppm ethanol at 150 °C with appreciably fast response/recovery times of 36 s/34 s and 150 s/ 58 s, respectively. Additionally, all the SrTiO3 nanostructures exhibited anti-humidity characteristics and potential sensing in humid ambient (up to 80% RH). Later, the ethanol selective behavior of SrTiO3 was established by density functional theory simulations which envisaged the highest negative adsorption energy and smallest distance (r) for ethanol molecule, implying stable adsorption with SrTiO3 (110) system.
Evaluation of mechanical properties of triple-junction-free polycrystalline graphene
Authors: Heo Jeonghyeon , Han Jihoon 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Although chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has emerged as an important method for producing large-scale and relatively high-quality graphene, CVD-grown graphene inherently contains grain boundaries (GBs), which degrade its mechanical properties. To compensate for these characteristics, various studies have been conducted to maintain the mechanically superior properties by controlling the density of defects and GBs. In this study, the mechanical properties of triple junction (TJ)-free polycrystalline graphene, which is expected to exhibit excellent properties, were investigated through molecular dynamics simulations because TJ is well-known as a crack nucleation site due to stress concentration. We adopted the phase-field crystal method to model CVD-grown graphene-containing TJ-free polycrystalline materials. From a series of numerical simulations, we found that the fracture strength increases as the density of the GB increases. This trend is consistent with that presented in a previous experimental study measured by nanoindentation. It was determined that the variation in the fracture strength is related to the discontinuous density of 5–7 pairs, which act as stress-concentration sites. Additionally, we observed that the fracture strength was higher than that of polycrystalline graphene with TJ. We believe that these results have a higher mechanical advantage compared to the low strength of TJs shown in previous studies and will be important for future structural reliability-based graphene applications.
Magnetocardiography using optically pumped magnetometers array to detect acute myocardial infarction and premature ventricular contractions in dogs
Authors: Han Xiaole , Xue Xiaoyan , Yang Yanfei , Liang Xiaoyu , Gao Yang , Xiang Min , Sun Jinji , Ning Xiaolin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. Optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) are recently developed magnetocardiography (MCG) sensors that can detect cardiac diseases. This is of great clinical significance for detecting acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and premature ventricular contractions (PVC). This study investigates the use of an array of OPMs to detect heart disease in animals. Approach. An array of OPMs was used to detect the MCG of AMI and PVC in dogs. We used four dogs in this study, and models of AMI with different degrees of severity were established by ligating the middle and proximal segments of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The dogs had PVC at the time of AMI. Continuous MCG time series with corresponding electrocardiograms (ECGs) and average MCG for each dog in different states are presented. The MCG features were extracted from the MCG butterfly diagram, magnetic field map, and pseudo current density map. The MCG features were used to quantify and compare with the gold-standard ECG measures. Main results. The results show that MCG features can accurately distinguish different states of dogs. That is, an array of OPMs can effectively detect AMI and PVC in dogs. Significance. We conclude that the array of OPMs can detect heart diseases in animals. Moreover, OPMs can complement or even replace superconducting quantum interference devices for MCG measurement in animals and diagnosis of human heart diseases in the future.
Commissioning dose computation model for proton source in pencil beam scanning therapy by convolution neural networks
Authors: Liu Yaoying , Shang Xuying , Zhao Wei , Li Nan , Qu Baolin , Zou Yue , Le Xiaoyun , Zhang Gaolong , Xu Shouping 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. Proton source model commissioning (PSMC) is critical for ensuring accurate dose calculation in pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. PSMC aims to match the calculated dose to the delivered dose. However, commissioning the ‘nominal energy’ and ‘energy spread’ parameters in PSMC can be challenging, as these parameters cannot be directly obtained from solving equations. To efficiently and accurately commission the nominal energy and energy spread in a proton source model, we developed a convolution neural network (CNN) named ‘PSMC-Net.’ Methods. The PSMC-Net was trained separately for 33 energies (E, 70–225 MeV with a step of 5 MeV plus 226.09 MeV). For each E, a dataset was generated consisting of 150 source model parameters (15 nominal energies ∈ [E, E + 1.5 MeV], ten spreads ∈ [0, 1]) and the corresponding 150 MC integrated depth doses (IDDs). Of these 150 data pairs, 130 were used for training the network, 10 for validation, and 10 for testing. Results. The source model, built by 33 measured IDDs and 33 PSMC-Nets (cost 0.01 s), was used to compute the MC IDDs. The gamma passing rate (GPRs, 1 mm/1%) between MC and measured IDDs was 99.91 ± 0.12%. However, when no commissioning was made, the corresponding GPR was reduced to 54.11 ± 22.36%, highlighting the tremendous significance of our CNN commissioning method. Furthermore, the MC doses of a spread-out Bragg peak and 20 patient PBS plans were also calculated, and average 3D GPRs (2 mm/2% with a 10% threshold) were 99.89% and 99.96 ± 0.06%, respectively. Significance. We proposed a nova commissioning method of the proton source model using CNNs, which made the PSMC process easy, efficient, and accurate.
Fully 3D implementation of the end-to-end deep image prior-based PET image reconstruction using block iterative algorithm
Authors: Hashimoto Fumio , Onishi Yuya , Ote Kibo , Tashima Hideaki , Yamaya Taiga 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. Deep image prior (DIP) has recently attracted attention owing to its unsupervised positron emission tomography (PET) image reconstruction method, which does not require any prior training dataset. In this paper, we present the first attempt to implement an end-to-end DIP-based fully 3D PET image reconstruction method that incorporates a forward-projection model into a loss function. Approach. A practical implementation of a fully 3D PET image reconstruction could not be performed at present because of a graphics processing unit memory limitation. Consequently, we modify the DIP optimization to a block iteration and sequential learning of an ordered sequence of block sinograms. Furthermore, the relative difference penalty (RDP) term is added to the loss function to enhance the quantitative accuracy of the PET image. Main results. We evaluated our proposed method using Monte Carlo simulation with [18F]FDG PET data of a human brain and a preclinical study on monkey-brain [18F]FDG PET data. The proposed method was compared with the maximum-likelihood expectation maximization (EM), maximum a posteriori EM with RDP, and hybrid DIP-based PET reconstruction methods. The simulation results showed that, compared with other algorithms, the proposed method improved the PET image quality by reducing statistical noise and better preserved the contrast of brain structures and inserted tumors. In the preclinical experiment, finer structures and better contrast recovery were obtained with the proposed method. Significance. The results indicated that the proposed method could produce high-quality images without a prior training dataset. Thus, the proposed method could be a key enabling technology for the straightforward and practical implementation of end-to-end DIP-based fully 3D PET image reconstruction.
Agreement between left and right middle cerebral artery blood velocity responses to incremental and constant work-rate exercise in healthy males and females
Authors: Weston Max E , Barker Alan R , Tomlinson Owen W , Coombes Jeff S , Bailey Tom G , Bond Bert 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. To quantify the agreement between left and right middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) responses to incremental and constant work-rate exercise in adults. Approach Seventeen healthy adults (23.8 ± 2.4 years, 9 females) completed a ramp incremental test to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer, three 6-minute transitions at a moderate-intensity, and three at a heavy-intensity, all on separate days. Bilateral MCAv was measured throughout using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, with left and right MCAv data analysed separately. Data were analysed at baseline, gas exchange threshold, respiratory compensation point and exhaustion during ramp incremental exercise. MCAv responses to constant work-rate exercise were analysed using a mono-exponential model, to determine time- and amplitude-based kinetic response parameters. Main Results Left and right MCAv responses to incremental and constant work-rate exercise were significantly, strongly and positively correlated (r ≥ 0.61, P < 0.01). Coefficient of variation (left versus right) ranged from 7.3%–20.7%, 6.4%–26.2% and 5.9%–22.5% for ramp, moderate and heavy-intensity exercise, respectively. The relative change in MCAv from baseline was higher in the right compared to left MCAv during ramp, moderate and heavy-intensity exercise (all P < 0.05), but the effect sizes were small (d ≤ 0.4). Small mean left–right differences were present during ramp incremental exercise at all time-points (<6 cm s−1; <4%), and for all kinetic parameters during moderate and heavy-intensity exercise (<3 cm s−1, <3%, <4 s). Significance These findings demonstrate similarities between left and right MCAv responses to incremental and constant-work rate exercise in adults on a group-level, but also highlight individual variation in the agreement between left and right MCAv exercise responses.