bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfusion medicine research in Africa: Insights from investigators in the field
Authors: Ipe Tina S. , Eichbaum Quentin , El‐Ekiaby Magdy , Owusu‐Ofori Shirley , Vermeulen Marion , Mapako Tonderai , Tayou Tagny Claude , Dembele Bamory , Bloch Evan M. , Barnes Linda S. ,   for the AABB Global Transfusion Forum contributed equally
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesResearch in low‐resource settings is inherently challenging. We sought to assess the factors that have impeded or facilitated transfusion medicine (TM) research in various African settings.Materials and MethodsA qualitative case study was conducted of selected investigators in Africa; selection was based on productivity‐spanning publication, leadership and research in TM. We designed a questionnaire to explore the factors impeding or facilitating TM research to understand the impact on the investigators' careers. Written responses were independently coded and double‐checked for precision. Qualitative analysis was conducted, whereby responses were grouped thematically and clustered by relationship. The initial findings were discussed with respondents to validate and refine the interpretations. The recorded transcript was analysed and incorporated into the final analysis.ResultsSix investigators participated in the study. Their responses yielded 471 coded comments: 389 from the questionnaires and 82 from the ensuing discussion. The most frequently cited factors described included knowledge and intellectual abilities (n = 104), personal effectiveness (n = 99), research and governance structure (n = 97), and engagement, influence and impact (n = 75). Four relationship clusters emerged from the facilitators (n = 42), barriers (n = 28), and common approaches (n = 26) to research, informing summary themes of adaptation, collaboration, perseverance, and resiliency.ConclusionIndividual attributes were found to be central to a successful TM research career in African settings. However, given other public health priorities and constraints, interpersonal relationships, organizational structures and the broader research context were important to TM researchers. Overcoming complexities demands adaptation, collaboration, perseverance and resiliency.
Barriers and enablers to culturally safe care for trans and gender-diverse people in hospital emergency departments: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Brown Chantal , Marnie Casey , Peters Micah D.J. 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
The objective of this review is to identify barriers and enablers to the provision and accessibility of culturally safe care to trans and gender-diverse patients in the emergency department.

Introduction:
Emergency departments have a unique role in creating patient experiences that influence positive or negative health outcomes. It is vital that emergency departments provide equitable experiences for all patients regardless of gender. Culturally safe care aims to support inclusive, effective, and appropriate care for trans and gender-diverse patients. Identifying the reported barriers and enablers to culturally safe care for trans and gender-diverse people in emergency departments will support knowledge users to advocate for and implement improvements to care.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies that describe barriers and enablers of accessing culturally safe care in emergency departments reported by trans and gender-diverse people, their families/loved ones, as well as health care workers involved in the provision of care. English-language published and gray literature sources from January 1, 2000, to the present from all countries will be eligible.

Methods:
The review will follow the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. Database searches of MEDLINE, Emcare, Embase, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ProQuest will be undertaken. Data will be presented in tabular format or graphs, with an accompanying narrative summary.
Modelling the contributions to hyperexcitability in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Mittag Martin , Mediavilla Laura , Remy Stefan , Cuntz Hermann , Jedlicka Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNeuronal hyperexcitability is a pathological characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Three main mechanisms have been proposed to explain it: (i) dendritic degeneration leading to increased input resistance, (ii) ion channel changes leading to enhanced intrinsic excitability, and (iii) synaptic changes leading to excitation–inhibition (E/I) imbalance. However, the relative contribution of these mechanisms is not fully understood. Therefore, we performed biophysically realistic multi‐compartmental modelling of neuronal excitability in reconstructed CA1 pyramidal neurons from wild‐type and APP/PS1 mice, a well‐established animal model of AD. We show that, for synaptic activation, the excitability‐promoting effects of dendritic degeneration are cancelled out by decreased excitation due to synaptic loss. We find an interesting balance between excitability regulation and an enhanced degeneration in the basal dendrites of APP/PS1 cells, potentially leading to increased excitation by the apical but decreased excitation by the basal Schaffer collateral pathway. Furthermore, our simulations reveal three pathomechanistic scenarios that can account for the experimentally observed increase in firing and bursting of CA1 pyramidal neurons in APP/PS1 mice: scenario 1: enhanced E/I ratio; scenario 2: alteration of intrinsic ion channels (IAHP down‐regulated; INap, INa and ICaT up‐regulated) in addition to enhanced E/I ratio; and scenario 3: increased excitatory burst input. Our work supports the hypothesis that pathological network and ion channel changes are major contributors to neuronal hyperexcitability in AD. Overall, our results are in line with the concept of multi‐causality according to which multiple different disruptions are separately sufficient but no single particular disruption is necessary for neuronal hyperexcitability.
imageKey points
This work presents simulations of synaptically driven responses in pyramidal cells (PCs) with Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐related dendritic degeneration.
Dendritic degeneration alone alters PC responses to layer‐specific input but additional pathomechanistic scenarios are required to explain neuronal hyperexcitability in AD as follows.
Possible scenario 1: AD‐related increased excitatory input together with decreased inhibitory input (E/I imbalance) can lead to hyperexcitability in PCs.
Possible scenario 2: changes in E/I balance combined with altered ion channel properties can account for hyperexcitability in AD.
Possible scenario 3: burst hyperactivity of the surrounding network can explain hyperexcitability of PCs during AD.
Optimal Design Towards High Performance of Sandwich Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters
Authors: Li Qinlan , Li Shuang , Zhou Lianqiao , Cao Xinfang , Lan Yuqun , Xu Xinkai , Huang YongAn , Chen Yuli , Zhao Yong , Huang Chengjun , Wei Yanpeng , Yang Ya , Su Yewang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe flexible piezoelectric energy harvester (FPEH), as an effective strategy for long-term power supply of implantable and wearable electronics, requires high areal output energy density, low mechanical stiffness, and high energy efficiency, simultaneously. The widely adopted sandwich FPEH, consisting of one relatively hard substrate sandwiched between two piezoelectric films, can provide a high areal output energy density, but also high mechanical stiffness and low energy efficiency due to its energy-wasting deformation of the hard substrate. Here, we propose a novel optimal soft-substrate sandwich FPEH with designs of sufficient length and optimized Young’s modulus of the substrate, which is much smaller than that of the piezoelectric film. A sandwich beam model considering both the bending and shearing of the soft substrate and the one-way coupling of the piezoelectric effect was adopted for the theoretical analysis and optimal design. The optimal soft-substrate sandwich FPEH exhibits greatly improved overall performance with a 33% increase in areal output energy density, a 51% reduction in mechanical stiffness, and a 177% increase in energy efficiency, simultaneously. Systematic theoretical analysis is performed to illustrate the mechanism and guide the optimal design. The novel optimal soft-substrate sandwich FPEH is then applied to harvesting energy from various living subjects. This optimal design can be extended to other types of mechanical energy harvesters with a similar laminated structure.
Graphic Transfer Matrix Method for Kinetostatic and Dynamic Analyses of Compliant Mechanisms
Authors: Yuan Lei , Ling Mingxiang , Lai Jianhao , Li Hai , Zhang Xianmin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Kinetostatic and dynamic analyses of compliant mechanisms with complex configurations continue to be an attractive issue for obtaining a process-concise and result-accurate solution. In this paper, the transfer matrix method (TMM) is improved for a unified linear kinetostatics and dynamic modeling of compliant mechanisms with complex serial-parallel configurations in an oriented graphic way. In detail, the transfer matrices of typical building blocks commonly used in compliant mechanisms are summarized and derived. Then, a graphic transfer matrix modeling procedure capturing both the kinetostatics and dynamics of general compliant mechanisms is introduced. The displacement amplification ratio, input/output stiffness, parasitic error, natural frequencies, and frequency response of a typical compliant microgripper and a planar parallel three-degrees-of-freedom (3DOF) nanopositioner are calculated with such a graphic transfer matrix method. The advantages of the proposed modeling method lie in its convenience and uniformity in formulating both the kinetostatic and dynamic behaviors of a class of compliant mechanisms with distributed and lumped compliances in a transfer matrix manner, which has minimal DOF and is easily programmed.
Origami Claw Tessellation and Its Stacked Structure
Authors: Xing David , You Zhong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOrigami tessellations belong to a type of origami in which repetitive units are used. Stacking sheets of these origami tessellations is a fabrication technique to construct mechanical cellular meta-materials. Almost all crease-stackable origami tessellations investigated to date are based on the Miura-ori and its derivatives, which contain only four-crease vertices. Such origami tessellations typically have a single degree-of-freedom (DOF), and the stacked origami tessellations retain that DOF. In this paper, we explore the possibility of creating stackable origami using origami tessellations that are not based on the Miura-ori. A novel origami tessellation called the origami claw tessellation (OCT) is proposed. This tessellation contains both four and six-crease vertices and has multiple DOFs. It is purposely designed so that the tessellation is crease-stackable. Moreover, we demonstrate that the crease-stacked OCTs have only a single DOF due to the mechanical coupling between the layers, a feature that has never been previously explored in stackable origami. Our findings have been proven analytically and validated using physical models. This work could inspire more research into using other exotic origami tessellations to create multi-layered cellular meta-materials.
Static Hovering Realization for Multirotor Aerial Vehicles With Tiltable Propellers
Authors: Hamandi Mahmoud , Seneviratne Lakmal , Zweiri Yahya 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a theoretical study on the ability of multirotor aerial vehicles (MRAVs) with tiltable propellers to achieve and sustain static hovering at different orientations. To analyze the ability of MRAVs with tiltable propellers to achieve static hovering, a novel linear map between the platform’s control inputs and applied forces and moments is introduced. The relation between the introduced map and the platform’s ability to hover at different orientations is developed. Correspondingly, the conditions for MRAVs with tiltable propellers to realize and sustain static hovering are detailed. A numerical metric is then introduced, which reflects the ability of MRAVs to sustain static hovering at different orientations. A subclass of MRAVs with tiltable propellers is defined as the critically statically hoverable platforms (CSH), where CSH platforms are MRAVs that cannot sustain static hovering with fixed propellers, but can achieve static hovering with tilting propellers. Finally, extensive simulations are conducted to test and validate the above findings, and to demonstrate the effect of the proposed numerical metric on the platform’s dynamics.
Optimized Film Cooling Flow on a Contoured Endwall Within a Transonic Annular Cascade
Authors: Burdett Timothy A. , Ullah Izhar , Wright Lesley M. , Han Je-Chin , McClintic John W. , Crites Daniel C. , Riahi Ardeshir 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFilm cooling was measured on the endwall of a five-vane annular cascade in a blowdown wind tunnel at an exit Mach number of 0.9. The adiabatic film cooling effectiveness was calculated from the partial pressure of oxygen measured with binary pressure-sensitive paint (BPSP). Cylindrical film cooling holes were located in the upstream and passage regions with the coolant-to-mainstream mass flow ratio (MFR) independently varied for each region. One row was located upstream of the vanes and supplied by an upstream plenum. Two rows were located in the passage between two vanes and supplied by a downstream plenum. Three total MFRs were investigated: 1%, 1.5%, and 2%. For a given total MFR, four combinations of upstream and downstream MFRs were compared to an even split of coolant. Coolant-to-mainstream density ratios (DRs) of 1.0 and 2.0 were investigated. The most efficient use of coolant hinged on balancing the downstream MFR for the second row due to the endwall pressure gradient preventing coolant from exiting the holes or a high jet velocity causing liftoff. For this row, selecting the optimum MFR increased the area-averaged film cooling effectiveness by up to 200% with a reduction in row 1 of less than 25%. At high downstream MFRs, increasing the density ratio delayed liftoff and increased film cooling effectiveness in row 2 by 65%. However, at low MFRs, increasing the density ratio reduced film cooling effectiveness in row 2 by 60%.
Mobilisation in the EveNing to TreAt deLirium (MENTAL): protocol for a mixed-methods feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: McWilliams David , King Elizabeth , Nydahl Peter , Darbyshire Julie Lorraine , Gallie L , Barghouthy Dalia , Bassford C , Gustafson Owen 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionDelirium is common in critically ill patients and is associated with longer hospital stays, increased mortality and higher healthcare costs. A number of risk factors have been identified for the development of delirium in intensive care, two of which are sleep disturbance and immobilisation. Non-pharmacological interventions for the management of intensive care unit (ICU) delirium have been advocated, including sleep protocols and early mobilisation. However, there is a little published evidence evaluating the feasibility and acceptability of evening mobilisation.Methods and analysisMobilisation in the EveNing to TreAt deLirium (MENTAL) is a two-centre, mixed-methods feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT). Sixty patients will be recruited from ICUs at two acute NHS trusts and randomised on a 1:1 basis to receive additional evening mobilisation, delivered between 19:00 and 21:00, or standard care. The underpinning hypothesis is that the physical exertion associated with evening mobilisation will promote better sleep, subsequently having the potential to reduce delirium incidence. The primary objective is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a future, multicentre RCT. The primary outcome measures, which will determine feasibility, are recruitment and retention rates, and intervention fidelity. Acceptability of the intervention will be evaluated through semi-structured interviews of participants and staff. Secondary outcome measures include collecting baseline, clinical and outcome data to inform the power calculations of a future definitive trial.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained through the Wales Research and Ethics Committee 6 (22/WA/0106). Participants are required to provide written informed consent. We aim to disseminate the findings through international conferences, international peer-reviewed journals and social media.Trial registration numberNCT05401461.
Evaluation of the implementation and effectiveness of a multifactorial intervention strategy for safe patient handling and movement in the healthcare sector: a study protocol of a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wåhlin Charlotte , Buck Sebastian , Sandqvist Jan , Enthoven Paul , Fock Jenni , Andreassen Maria , Strid Emma Nilsing 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionHealthcare workers with physically demanding work tasks, such as patient handling and movement (PHM), are at high risk of musculoskeletal disorders. To facilitate safe PHM and prevent musculoskeletal disorders, a combination of workplace interventions, including risk assessments, is needed. The aim of this study is to implement and evaluate a multifactorial intervention strategy for safe PHM and compare it with a single intervention strategy.Methods and analysisThis cluster randomised controlled trial will compare a multifactorial intervention strategy with a single intervention strategy for safe PHM in workplaces in the Swedish regional and municipal healthcare systems. At least twelve healthcare units will be recruited. Care units belonging to arm A will receive: (1) guidelines for PHM, (2) training modules, (3) risk assessment with TilThermometer, (4) risk assessment with Downtown Fall Risk Index and (5) work environment mapping. Care units belonging to Arm B will receive interventions (1) and (5). The two strategies will be evaluated with regards to (1) the primary outcome of the applied strategies’ intervention effectiveness (safety climate in relation to aspects of PHM) and (2) the primary implementation outcome (acceptability, appropriateness and feasibility). This study will also explore the implementation process and intervention fidelity, examine the influence of contextual factors and investigate participants’ experiences of working with strategies for safe PHM. A mix of quantitative and qualitative methods will be used. The data collection is based on questionnaires, interviews and field notes of contextual factors.Ethics and disseminationThe study is approved by the Swedish national ethical board (Dnr 2021–00578). Study results will be published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at conferences and distributed on social media. A lay summary and dissemination strategy will be codesigned with a reference group and participating healthcare units.Trial registration numberNCT05276180.
Refining and optimising a behavioural intervention to support endocrine therapy adherence (ROSETA) in UK women with breast cancer: protocol for a pilot fractional factorial trial
Authors: Smith Samuel G , Green Sophie M C , Ellison Rachel , Foy Robbie , Graham Christopher D , Mason Ellen , French David P , Hall Louise H , Wilkes Hollie , McNaught Emma , Raine Erin , Walwyn Rebecca , Howdon Daniel , Clark Jane , Rousseau Nikki , Buxton Jacqueline , Moore Sally J L , Parbutt Catherine , Velikova Galina , Farrin Amanda , Collinson Michelle 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionWomen with breast cancer who do not adhere to adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) have increased risks of mortality and recurrence. There are multiple barriers to AET adherence, including medication side-effects, beliefs about medication, memory and psychological distress. We developed four intervention components, each targeting a different barrier. This pilot trial is part of the preparation phase of the Multiphase Optimisation Strategy, and aims to establish key trial parameters, establish intervention component adherence, establish availability and feasibility of outcome and process data, estimate variability in planned outcome measures and estimate cost of developing and delivering each intervention component.Methods and analysisThe four intervention components are as follows: short message service text reminders (target: memory); a written information leaflet (target: medication beliefs); a guided self-help Acceptance and Commitment Therapy programme (target: psychological flexibility to reduce distress) and a self-management website (target: side-effect management). To evaluate the feasibility of recruitment, acceptability of the intervention components and the availability of outcome data, we will conduct a multisite, exploratory pilot trial using a 24-1fractional factorial design, with a nested process evaluation. We will randomise 80 women with early-stage breast cancer who have been prescribed AET to one of eight experimental conditions. This will determine the combination of intervention components they receive, ranging from zero to four, with all conditions receiving usual care. Key outcomes of interest include medication adherence and quality of life. Progression to the optimisation phase will be based on predefined criteria for consent rates, patient adherence to intervention components and availability of medication adherence data.Ethics and disseminationThe study was reviewed by the Wales Research Authority Research Ethics Committee 3 (21/WA/0322). Written informed consent will be obtained from all patients before randomisation. The results of this trial will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberISRTCN10487576.
Real quantum amplitude estimation
Authors: Manzano Alberto , Musso Daniele , Leitao Álvaro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe introduce the Real Quantum Amplitude Estimation (RQAE) algorithm, an extension of Quantum Amplitude Estimation (QAE) which is sensitive to the sign of the amplitude. RQAE is an iterative algorithm which offers explicit control over the amplification policy through an adjustable parameter. We provide a rigorous analysis of the RQAE performance and prove that it achieves a quadratic speedup, modulo logarithmic corrections, with respect to unamplified sampling. Besides, we corroborate the theoretical analysis with a set of numerical experiments.
Analysis of 6Li+16O system using different theoretical methods
Authors: Amar A. 
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we report on the [Formula: see text] system to which the crystal model (CM), the coupled reaction channel method (CRC), and continuum discretized coupled channel (CDCC) method were applied in addition to the distorted waves-Born approximation (DWBA), which was also applied to the [Formula: see text] system. Also, CM is folded with inelastic scattering. The analysis of the experimental data was performed simply with elastic and inelastic scattering in a first step. Then transfers have been studied like pp, nn, dd, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]B using the CRC method. The CRC method was used to study many suggested combinations of transfers with elastic scattering. The analyses were performed for 6Li elastically scattered from [Formula: see text]O in the energy range of 13–50[Formula: see text]MeV. The cluster structure of [Formula: see text] has been examined during the CDCC method in addition to the breakup of the weakly bound structure of the same nucleus. A dynamic polarization potential (DPP) was used at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]MeV. A comparison between different models was performed. A general agreement was found between the experimental data and the proposed theoretical methods.