bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introgression of anthracnose resistance gene(s) into common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Authors: KAZIMOTO GONZAZ KYARUZI , NCHIMBI-MSOLLA SUSAN F. , MABAGALA ROBERT B. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Kazimoto GK, Nchimbi-Msolla SF, Mabagala RB. 2022. Introgression of anthracnose resistance gene(s) into common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Cell Biol Dev 6: 20-31. Common bean anthracnose disease caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum causes significant yield losses. It is most destructive in areas with cool temperatures and high humidity (90-100%). The study aimed to introduce resistance genes into adapted but susceptible local cultivars of Masai Red and Soya Njano using conventional breeding methods. Five races of C. lindemuthianum were isolated and named from thirty-two common bean-diseased plant samples collected from Northern Tanzania. The sources of resistant genes were bean cultivars G2333 and AB136. Early developed populations were evaluated under field conditions in high altitude and humid environments at Bashnet in the Manyara region, in the Northern highlands of Tanzania. Both F2 and F3 populations of Soya Njano x G2333 were segregated for C. lindemuthianum resistance at a 9:7 ratio. Such segregation implied that two dominant epistatic genes conferred from G2333, the resistance being in the mode of epistatic gene interaction. The crosses between Masai Red x G2333 and F2 and F3 populations segregation ratio was 10:6, implying two dominant resistant genes were transferred to developed populations. The F2 and F3 progenies obtained from crossing Soya Njano and AB136 showed a ratio of 3:1. The F2 progenies from a cross between Masai Red and AB136 were segregated at a ratio of 3:1 and F3 progenies were 3:1. The 3:1 ratio confirmed single dominant gene inheritance conferred to developed progenies. The heritability (h²) from populations of Soya Njano x G2333 and Masai Red x G2333 was between 0.41 and 0.45. While Soya Njano, Masai Red, and A136 were between 0.2 and 0.53, which implied moderate heritability. F2 and F3 populations developed need further testing using MAS to confirm the presence of resistant genes. Multi-location testing should be done to verify the resistance levels of the developed bean population in later generations.
Diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes in potato fields at different altitudes in Probolinggo District, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: PRADANA ANKARDIANSYAH PANDU , PRATIWI GEBY NANDITA CAHYANING , WAGIYANA WAGIYANA 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Prada AP, Pratiwi GNC, Wagiyana. 2022. Diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes in potato fields at different altitudes in Probolinggo District, East Java, Indonesia. Cell Biol Dev 6: 61-67. Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are microorganisms sensitive to environmental conditions. Therefore, plant parasitic nematode diversity in a field may affect the decision of effective management tactics. This study aimed to assess the diversity of plant parasitic nematodes in potato fields at three different altitudes. The study was carried out in Probolinggo District, East Java, Indonesia. The sampling area was divided into three groups based on altitude variations, namely 1,008 m asl., 1,413 m asl., and 1,875 m asl. Soil samples were collected randomly in a zigzag pattern. Samples were collected from 20 points across each field at a depth of 20-30 cm below the soil surface. Each sub-sample included up to 500 g of soil. The white head tray method extracted nematodes from 500 g of soil from each subsample. After characterizing the extracted nematodes, the absolute density and dominance values were determined. The results revealed variations in the three areas with different altitudes. The total number of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) discovered on the field at an altitude of 1,008 m asl. was 57.00 ± 16.43. Furthermore, at an altitude of 1,413 m asl., the total number of PPNs discovered is 41.67 ± 10.98. The total number of nematodes on the field at an altitude of 1,875 m asl. was 50.50 ± 12.60. The findings of this study also indicated that Meloidogyne sp. was the genus with the highest population on the field, at an altitude of 1,008 m asl. On the other hand, Pratylenchus sp. is the most abundant nematode in the field between 1,413 and 1,875 m asl. An identical situation also occurred with the nematode dominance values in the three fields studied.
Experimental demonstration of a metro area network with terabit-capable sliceable bit-rate-variable transceivers using directly modulated VCSELs and coherent detection
Authors: Fabrega J. M. , Vílchez F. J. , Svaluto Moreolo M. , Martínez R. , Quispe A. , Nadal L. , Casellas R. , Vilalta R. , Muñoz R. , Neumeyr C. , Lee S. Y. , Shin J. U. , Jung H. D. , Mariani G. , Heuvelmans R. , Gatto A. , Parolari P. , Boffi P. , Tessema N. M. , Calabretta N. , Larrabeiti D. , Fernández-Palacios J. P. 
Published: January 2023

Disaggregation in optical networks is particularly relevant to be considered for the deployment of 5G services and towards the support of 6G. Particularly in the metro area network (MAN), this is especially crucial, as is the adoption of suitable photonic technologies enabling dense integration to design a sustainable network architecture. Furthermore, to dynamically allocate the ever-increasing traffic, supporting multiterabit capacity, an optimal usage of the available resources by properly exploiting the multiple dimensions (including the spectral and spatial ones), with programmable and adaptive data plane solutions, is key. In this work, we assess the capabilities of a disaggregated MAN that relies on new photonic devices, node architectures, and sliceable bandwidth/bit-rate-variable transceivers, approaching wavelength division multiplexing and space division multiplexing. A hierarchical network topology is attained and the feasibility of a cross-hierarchy optical continuum is demonstrated. In fact, we experimentally demonstrate the successful transmission of multiterabits/second capacity across multiple nodes corresponding to different hierarchy levels that have different implementation schemes and support different technologies. For the top tier hierarchy level nodes, we demonstrate the transmission of up to

8

×

11

=

88

spatial/spectral channels, for a total capacity of 1.676 Tb/s, employing a node architecture able to handle up to 2560 spatial/spectral channels at different aggregation levels and granularities.
Ultrasensitive displacement measurement with nonlinear optomechanical coupling and squeezed light injection
Authors: Wang Doudou , Wang Quansen , Zhang Qiang , Li Yongmin 
Published: January 2023

We propose an ultrasensitive displacement measurement scheme to overcome the standard quantum limit (SQL) in the unresolved sideband cavity optomechanical system with nonlinear optomechanical coupling and squeezed light injection. By introducing the optimized quantum correlation, which is enabled by suitable choices of the squeezing angle, squeezing level, power of the probe light, and measurement angle of homodyne detection, the off-resonant displacement sensitivity reaches 6 dB below the SQL in linear optomechanical coupling. In contrast, displacement sensitivities with a coherent probe plus variational readout and squeezed probe plus fixed measurement angle (phase quadrature) are 2.6 dB and 4.6 dB below the SQL, respectively. By combining linear and quadratic optomechanical coupling, we show that the displacement sensitivity can be further improved to 9.6 dB below the SQL. Our results have potential applications in gravitational-wave detectors, quantum metrology, and the search for dark matter.
Childhood glaucoma profile in a tertiary centre in Egypt according to the childhood glaucoma research network classification
Authors: El Sayed Yasmine M. , Elhusseiny Abdelrahman M. , Gawdat Ghada I. , Esmael Amanne F. , Elhilali Hala M. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
To describe the prevalence and clinical characteristics of a large cohort of childhood glaucoma patients that presented to a tertiary Egyptian children’s hospital using the childhood glaucoma research network (CGRN) classification.

Methods
A retrospective review of the medical records of all patients ≤ 14 years with a diagnosis of childhood glaucoma or glaucoma suspects who presented to Children’s Hospital between January 2014 to December 2019 was conducted. Data collected included age at the time of diagnosis, gender, laterality, prenatal history, parental history, including consanguinity, intraocular pressure, horizontal corneal diameter, and cup-to-disc ratio.

Results
A total of 1113 eyes of 652 patients with diagnoses of either childhood glaucoma or glaucoma suspects were included in the study. Six hundred and sixteen patients (94%) were born full-term. A history of positive parental consanguinity was identified in 334 patients (51.2%). Almost 60% of patients were males. Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) was the most prevalent diagnosis (68.2%), followed by glaucoma suspects (10.4%) and glaucoma following cataract surgery (GFCS) (8.4%). Juvenile open-angle glaucoma was the least prevalent category (0.3%). Other categories including glaucoma associated with non-acquired systemic disease, glaucoma associated with non-acquired ocular disease, and glaucoma associated with acquired conditions represented 5.8%, 4.7%, and 1.9%, respectively.

Conclusions
PCG is the most common form of glaucoma in Egypt. More than half of the pediatric glaucoma patients had a positive history of parents’ consanguinity.
Inventory study of an early pandemic COVID-19 cohort in South-Eastern Sweden, focusing on neurological manifestations
Authors: Ahmadpour Doryaneh , Kristoffersson Anna , Fredrikson Mats , Huang-Link Yumin , Eriksson Anne , Iacobaeus Ellen , Landtblom Anne-Marie , Haghighi Sara 
Published: January 2023

Background
Neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19 have been reported previously as outcomes of the infection.
The purpose of current study was to investigate the occurrence of neurological signs and symptoms in COVID-19 patients, in the county of Östergötland in southeastern Sweden.

Methods
This is a retrospective, observational cohort study. Data were collected between March 2020 and June 2020. Information was extracted from medical records by a trained research assistant and physician and all data were validated by a senior neurologist.

Results
Seventy-four percent of patients developed at least one neurological symptom during the acute phase of the infection. Headache (43%) was the most common neurological symptom, followed by anosmia and/or ageusia (33%), confusion (28%), hallucinations (17%), dizziness (16%), sleep disorders in terms of insomnia and OSAS (Obstructive Sleep Apnea) (9%), myopathy and neuropathy (8%) and numbness and tingling (5%). Patients treated in the ICU had a higher male presentation (73%). Several risk factors in terms of co-morbidities, were identified. Hypertension (54.5%), depression and anxiety (51%), sleep disorders in terms of insomnia and OSAS (30%), cardiovascular morbidity (28%), autoimmune diseases (25%), chronic lung diseases (24%) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (23%) founded as possible risk factors.

Conclusion
Neurological symptoms were found in the vast majority (74%) of the patients. Accordingly, attention to neurological, mental and sleep disturbances is warranted with involvement of neurological expertise, in order to avoid further complications and long-term neurological effect of COVID-19. Furthermore, risk factors for more severe COVID-19, in terms of possible co-morbidities that identified in this study should get appropriate attention to optimizing treatment strategies in COVID-19 patients.
Malnutrition leads to the progression of coronary artery calcification in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Okabe Hiroki , Muraoka Yoshitaka , Naka Yutaro , Setoyama Koshi , Inoue Konosuke , Miura Toshiya , Shimizu Akiyoshi , Anai Reo , Miyamoto Tetsu , Tsuda Yuki , Araki Masaru , Sonoda Shinjo , Kataoka Masaharu 
Published: January 2023

Background
Malnutrition is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, no in vivo studies have reported on using optical coherence tomography to evaluate the effect of nutritional status on coronary atherosclerosis in hemodialysis patients. We aimed to conduct a detailed analysis of the effect of nutritional status on the coronary arteries in hemodialysis patients.

Methods
Among 64 hemodialysis patients who underwent percutaneous coronary interventions, 41 that underwent optical coherence tomography imaging were included in this study. And, among them, 24 patients that could also be evaluated using OCT also at the 6-month follow-up were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups based on nutritional evaluation using the geriatric nutritional risk index. Culprit and non-culprit lesions were evaluated at baseline and after 6 months.

Results
In the culprit lesions at baseline, the length of the lipid plaque was significantly smaller in the malnutrition group. In contrast, the thickness and length of the calcified plaque and the angle of the calcified nodule were significantly larger (each p < 0.01). In the non-culprit lesions, the 6-month change in the angle of the calcified plaque was significantly greater in the malnutrition group (p = 0.02). The significant factors that affected the change in the angle of calcification were "malnutrition at geriatric nutritional risk index" [odds ratio, 8.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.79 to 37.33; p < 0.01] and "serum phosphorus level" (odds ratio, 3.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.42 to 9.81; p < 0.01).

Conclusions
Appropriate management of nutritional status is crucial for suppressing the progression of coronary artery disease in hemodialysis patients.
Improving measures of access to legal abortion: A validation study triangulating multiple data sources to assess a global indicator
Authors: Williams Caitlin R. , Vázquez Paula , Nigri Carolina , Adanu Richard M. , Bandoh Delia A. B. , Berrueta Mabel , Chakraborty Suchandrima , Gausman Jewel , Kenu Ernest , Khan Nizamuddin , Langer Ana , Odikro Magdalene A. , Ramesh Sowmya , Saggurti Niranjan , Pingray Verónica , Jolivet R. Rima 
Published: January 2023

Background
Global mechanisms have been established to monitor and facilitate state accountability regarding the legal status of abortion. However, there is little evidence describing whether these mechanisms capture accurate data. Moreover, it is uncertain whether the “legal status of abortion” is a valid proxy measure for access to safe abortion, pursuant to the global goals of reducing preventable maternal mortality and advancing reproductive rights. Therefore, this study sought to assess the accuracy of reported monitoring data, and to determine whether evidence supports the consistent application of domestic law by health care professionals such that legality of abortion functions as a valid indicator of access.

Methods and findings
We conducted a validation study using three countries as illustrative case examples: Argentina, Ghana, and India. We compared data reported by two global monitoring mechanisms (Countdown to 2030 and the Global Abortion Policies Database) against domestic source documents collected through in-depth policy review. We then surveyed health care professionals authorized to perform abortions about their knowledge of abortion law in their countries and their personal attitudes and practices regarding provision of legal abortion. We compared professionals’ responses to the domestic legal frameworks described in the source documents to establish whether professionals consistently applied the law as written.
This analysis revealed weaknesses in the criterion validity and construct validity of the “legal status of abortion” indicator. We detected discrepancies between data reported by the global monitoring and accountability mechanisms and the domestic policy reviews, even though all referenced the same source documents. Further, provider surveys unearthed important context-specific barriers to legal abortion not captured by the indicator, including conscientious objection and imposition of restrictions at the provider’s discretion.

Conclusions
Taken together, these findings denote weaknesses in the indicator “legal status of abortion” as a proxy for access to safe abortion, as well as inaccuracies in data reported to global monitoring mechanisms. This information provides important groundwork for strengthening indicators for monitoring access to abortion and for renewed advocacy to assure abortion rights worldwide.
Representasi Nilai-Nilai Keislaman DALAM FILM “CHILDREN OF HEAVEN” DAN RELEVANSINYA DENGAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER
Authors: Afifah Wiwiek 
Published: January 2023

This study aims to: (1) describe the Islamic values in film “Children of Heaven” and (2) determine its relevance to character education. The research design is an inferential content analysis. The entirely data are derived from the film “Children of Heaven” while its research instrument is the human instrument. The data obtained from recording the Islamic values found in the film then and the data procurement measures include: (1) the determination of the examples Islamic values contained in the film, (2) recording, and (3) determination of the units. Data validation was done by means of doing discussion to those findings to some experts and peers. Data analysis technique used in the research is to classify, interpret, and conclude. The results showed that; (1) Islamic values consist of two categories: (a) Islamic values associated with character education of children in the family such as patience, mutual help, humility, simplicity, birul walidain (devoted to parents), sincerity, mutual affection-love, qonaah (grateful), not easy to despair, and compliance in religion, whereas (b) Islamic values associated with formal education (school) is the spirit of being a hard student, self-discipline, independent, honest, and an ability in getting the problem solving. (2) There is a great relevance between the values contained in the film “Children of Heaven” to the character education such as religious value, honest, discipline, well-motivated students, loyal, independent, and enable to set the problem solving.
STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN PAI SD MELALUI COMPUTER ADAPTIVE INSTRUCTION DALAM MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA KESULITAN BELAJAR
Authors: Fatimah Anisa 
Published: January 2023

Motivasi belajar merupakan aspek penting dalam proses belajar siswa. Kekurangan motivasi untuk menjalankan aktivitas belajar akan menyebabkan sulitnya tercapai tujuan pendidikan yang diharapkan. Seorang guru hendaknya mengetahui karakteristik setiap siswa yang dihadapinya dalam proses pembelajaran. Setelah mengetahui karakter siswanya guru dapat merancang strategi belajar yang tepat untuk mengatasi kesulitan belajar yang disebabkan rendahnya motivasi siswa. Salah satu strategi yang dapat diterapkan untuk mengembalikan motivasi belajar pada siswa yang kesulitan belajar adalah Computer Adaptive Instruction (CAI). Sebagian besar sistem e-learning hanya bertumpu pada penyampain instruksi dengan terbatasnya kegiatan pembelajaran, dengan demikian membuka peluang untuk bisa mengembangan e-learning yang lebih interaktif dengan mempertimbangkan karakteristik anak berkebutuhan khusus yang kesulitan belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan strategi pembelajaran yang membantu meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa berkesulitan belajar dengan mempertimbangkan beberapa aspek penting dalam teori belajar behavioristik. Metode penelitian adalah studi kepustakaan dengan teknik analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: 1) Strategi pembelajaran Computer Adaptive Instruction (CAI) merupakan desain pembelajaran individual yang memiliki karakteristik yaitu memerlukan hasil analisis terhadap siswa itu sendiri, alternatif strategi penyajian dan basis data pengetahuan; 2) Berdasarkan perspektif behavioristik, siswa berkesulitan belajar mengalami penurunan motivasi dapat disebabkan oleh minimnya stimulus belajar dari lingkungan siswa, keadaan kognitif, emosi dan psikomotornya yang kurang terkelola dengan baik; 3) Menjadi tantangan bagi guru inklusi untuk merancang desain pembelajaran e-learning dengan trategi pembelajaran Computer Adaptive Instruction (CAI) yang dapat mengakomodir karakteristik siswa berkesulitan belajar.
Keyword: Computer Assisted Instruction; Learning Motivation; Students Learning Difficulties
METODE TAHFIZ AL QUR’AN PADA SANTRI KALONG DI PESANTREN ROUDLOTUL QURAN SEMARANG
Authors: Novianis Nur Mufidah  , Muh Subhan Ashari  , Aris Nurlailiyah  
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pembelajaran taḥfīẓ pada santri ‘kalong’ di pondok pesantren Roudlotul Qur’an Semarang. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode field research. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode tahfiz Al-Qur’an yang diterapkan kepada santri kalong adalah: pertama, metode Wahdah. Sebuah metode pengulangan ganda, menghafal urutan-urutan ayat, menggunakan satu jenis mushaf, memahami arti dari lafadz kunci yang dihafal serta memperhatikan ayat-ayat serupa). Kedua, metode Sima’i. Sebuah metode menyetorkan hafalan kepada seorang guru. Adapun faktor penunjang dalam mengimplementasikan metode tahfiz di pesantren ini adalah kebebasan proses pembelajaran, mujahadah, motivasi, doa, dukungan guru dan orang tua, berfikir positif, lingkungan yang mendukung, melaksanakan salat malam, lebih menghargai waktu. Sedangkan faktor penghambatnya adalah rasa malas, kurang optimal dalam menghafal, masalah pribadi, kesehatan kurang baik, kapasitas ingatan kurang baik, kurangnya waktu luang, serta sugesti buruk tentang menghafal.
Kata Kunci: Taḥfīẓ Al-Qur’an, Metode Hafalan, Santri
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TENTANG KEKERASAN TERHADAP PEREMPUAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA DI SIGLI ACEH: Analisis Wacana Kritis Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan Dalam Rumah Tangga di Sigli Aceh
Authors: Dara Maisun  , Inayah Rohmaniyah  , Hablun Ilhami  
Published: January 2023

Masyarakat Aceh yang dikenal akan budaya dan Syariat Islam ternyata masi memiliki kasus kekerasan yang tinggi dan subordinasi terhadap perempuan dalam rumah tangga. Terbukti dari masayraakat menganggap beberapa kebijakan yang tertera dalam Qanun Jinayat terkesan memberatkan kaum perempuan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk melihat persepsi masayarakat Aceh terkait kekerasan terhadap perempuan dalam rumah tangga. Tulisan ini berdasarkan penelitian kualitatif, dengan sumber data primer penelitian yaitu “L. S” selaku korbana kekerasan perempuan dalam rumah tangga. “B. Y” selaku tetangga korban penusukan istri pada tanggal 18 April 2020 dan “R”. K dan E” selaku masyarakat umum. Data yang diperoleh melalui metode wawancara dan media berita kemudian diinterpretasi dengan menggunakan analisis wacana kritis Sara Mills. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa para istri di Aceh akan diberi label nusyuz (tidak berbakti, tidak patuh, dan merendahkan suami) dan sah untuk dihukum. Seperti yang dikatakan dalam berita lokal terkait penusukan yang dilakukan suami terhadap istri di Sigli dikarenakan sosok istri tidak hormat, tidak menghargai, sering mencerca, memarahi sehingga suami tak tahan dan menusuk. Persepsi masayarakat masi banyak yang memposisikan wanita sebagai kaum yang lemah menempatkan mereka pada subordinasi. Penyebab diskriminasi perempuan dalam kehidupan sosial karena menempatkan laki-laki sebagai pihak yang mendominasi dalam setiap aspek kehidupan. Dalam hal ini, pemahaman akan kesetaraan gender sangat penting bagi rumah tangga, dapat menambah keharmonisan sehingga kekerasan dalam rumah tangga minim terjadi. Mengingat persepsi masyarakat akan kekerasan terhadap perempuan dalam rumah tangga mengandung nilai pro dan kontra maka perlu adanya penelitian lanjutan guna mengungkap konstruksi sosial akan perbedaan pria dan wanita secara status, sifat dan peran dalam rumah tangga.
Kata kunci: Masyarakat Aceh, Persepsi, Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga, Perempuan.