bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive success of the invasive weed Linaria dalmatica and seed loss due to predation by Rhinusa neta in northern California, USA
Authors: Pitcairn Michael J. , Popescu Viola 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLinaria dalmatica (L.) Mill. (Dalmatian toadflax, Plantaginaceae) is a serious invasive weed of rangelands and natural areas in the western USA and Canada. The adventive weevil Rhinusa neta (Germar) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a seed predator of L. dalmatica and has recently spread into northern California, USA. Seed loss due to R. neta predation may impact the reproductive success and population abundance of local host plant populations. The aim of this study was to determine the intensity of seed predation and how it may be influenced by the reproductive success of L. dalmatica at six field sites in northern California in 2019 and 2020. Flower production ranged from 40 to 208 flowers per inflorescence, fruit production ranged from 6 to 57 fruit per inflorescence, and seed production ranged from 171 to 3734 seeds per inflorescence. These values are very low (<20%) compared to L. dalmatica plants growing in other regions. Fruit set, an indication of pollination success, ranged from 6.9 to 30.6% in 2019 and from 10.9 to 23.7% in 2020. Average seed set ranged from 36 to 138 seeds per uninfested fruit. The intensity of attack of R. neta ranged from 0 to 70.4%. Fruit attack appeared random at most locations. Average seed set for infested fruit ranged from 0 to 35 seeds per fruit and did not differ significantly between terminal and branch fruit. The population‐level impact of R. neta on seed production was directly related to the intensity of attack at a location. Intensity of attack ranged from <1 to 70% and resulted in corresponding seed losses of 0 to 62.7% among six locations. Predation intensity is expected to increase and stabilize at much higher levels in the future as R. neta continues its immigration into northern California.
Wearable detection of tonic seizures in childhood epilepsy: An exploratory cohort study
Authors: Proost Renee , Macea Jaiver , Lagae Lieven , Van Paesschen Wim , Jansen Katrien 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the performance of a multimodal wearable device for the offline detection of tonic seizures (TS) in a pediatric childhood epilepsy cohort, with a focus on patients with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome.MethodsParallel with prolonged video‐electroencephalography (EEG), the Plug 'n Patch system, a multimodal wearable device using the Sensor Dot and replaceable electrode adhesives, was used to detect TS. Multiple biosignals were recorded: behind‐the‐ear EEG, surface electromyography, electrocardiography, and accelerometer/gyroscope. Biosignals were annotated blindly by a neurologist. Seizure characteristics were described, and performance was assessed by sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), F1 score, and false alarm rate (FAR) per hour. Performance was compared to seizure diaries kept by the caretaker.ResultsNinety‐nine TS were detected in 13 patients. Seven patients (54%) had Lennox–Gastaut syndrome and six patients (46%) had other forms of (developmental) epileptic encephalopathies or drug‐resistant epilepsy. All but one patient had intellectual disability. Overall sensitivity was 41%, with a PPV of 9%, an F1 score of 14%, and a median FAR per hour of 0.75. Performance increased to an F1 score of 66% for nightly seizures lasting at least 10 s (sensitivity 66%, PPV 66%) and 71% for nightly seizures lasting at least 20 s (sensitivity 62%, PPV 82%). For these seizures there were no false alarms in 10 of 13 patients. Sensitivity of seizure diaries reached a maximum of 52% for prolonged (≥20 s) nightly seizures, even though caretakers slept in the same room.SignificanceWe showed that it is feasible to use a multimodal wearable device with multiple adhesive sites in children with epilepsy and intellectual disability. For prolonged nightly seizures, offline manual detection of TS outperformed seizure diaries. The recognition of seizure‐specific signatures using multiple modalities can help in the development of automated TS detection algorithms.
A deep convolutional neural network model for medical data classification from computed tomography images
Authors: Sreelakshmi S. , Anoop V. S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMachine learning provides powerful techniques for several applications, including automated disease diagnosis through medical image classification. Recently, many studies reported that deep learning approaches have demonstrated significant performance and accuracy improvements over shallow learning techniques. The deep learning approaches have been used in many problems related to disease diagnoses, such as thyroid diagnosis, diabetic retinopathy detection, foetal localization, and breast cancer detection. Many deep learning methods have been reported in the recent past that uses medical images from various sources, such as healthcare providers and open data initiatives, and reported significant improvement in terms of precision, recall, and accuracy. This paper proposes a framework incorporating deep convolutional neural networks and an enhanced feature extraction technique for classifying medical data. To show the real‐world usability of the proposed approach, it has been used for the classification of COVID‐19 images from computed tomography scans. The experimental results show that the proposed approach outperformed some of the chosen baselines and obtained an accuracy of 98.91%, comparable with already reported accuracies.
Performance of Gradient and Gradient‐Free Optimizers in Transient Hydraulic Tomography
Authors: Chintala Syam , Kambhammettu B.V.N. P. , Harmya T. S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSub‐surface characterization in fractured aquifers is challenging due to the co‐existence of contrasting materials namely matrix and fractures. Transient hydraulic tomography (THT) is proved to be an efficient and robust technique to estimate hydraulic (Km, Kf) and storage (Sm, Sf) properties in such complex hydrogeologic settings. However, performance of THT is governed by data quality and optimization technique used in inversion. We assessed the performance of gradient and gradient‐free optimizers with THT inversion. Laboratory experiments were performed on a two‐dimensional, granite rock (80 cm × 45 cm × 5 cm) with known fracture pattern. Cross‐hole pumping experiments were conducted at 10 ports (located on fractures), and time‐drawdown responses were monitored at 25 ports (located on matrix and fractures). Pumping ports were ranked based on weighted signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) computed at each observation port. Noise‐free, good quality (SNR > 100) datasets were inverted using Levenberg–Marquardt: LM (gradient) and Nelder–Mead: NM (gradient‐free) methods. All simulations were performed using a coupled simulation‐optimization model. Performance of the two optimizers is evaluated by comparing model predictions with observations made at two validation ports that were not used in simulation. Both LM and NM algorithms have broadly captured the preferential flow paths (fracture network) via K and S tomograms, however LM has outperformed NM during validation (). Our results conclude that, while method of optimization has a trivial effect on model predictions, exclusion of low quality (SNR ≤ 100) datasets can significantly improve the model performance.
Institutional factors related to digital entrepreneurship by startups and SMEs in the Latin American context: Two cases in Brazil
Authors: Klein Amarolinda Zanela , Braido Gabriel Machado 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDigital entrepreneurship relies not only on the individual entrepreneurs' skills and effort but also on rules and structures related to institutions, especially in developing contexts such as Latin America. Considering this, we analyse how institutional factors can affect digital entrepreneurship by SMEs and startups and what types of institutional changes are needed to support digital entrepreneurship by these companies. Based on institutional theory as a theoretical lens, we conducted two case studies in Brazil. The research results indicate that the digital entrepreneurial ecosystem's actors perform institutional work that generates changes related to the regulative, normative, and cultural/cognitive institutional pillars. These changes affect both the legitimacy of digital innovations created by SMEs and startups and the legitimacy of these companies as ecosystem players, which is vital for them to access the resources needed to innovate and thrive. Based on these results, we propose a theoretical framework and provide suggestions for practice and public policies related to digital entrepreneurship by SMEs and startups in the context studied.
Early indicators of response to transdiagnostic treatment of pediatric anxiety and depression
Authors: Goger Pauline , Rozenman Michelle , Gonzalez Araceli , Brent David A. , Porta Giovanna , Lynch Frances L. , Dickerson John F. , Weersing V. Robin 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundPediatric anxiety and depression are prevalent, impairing, and highly comorbid. Available evidence‐based treatments have an average response rate of 60%. One path to increasing response may be to identify likely non‐responders midway through treatment to adjust course prior to completing an episode of care. The aims of this study, thus, were to identify predictors of post‐intervention response assessing (a) mid‐treatment symptom severity, (b) session‐by‐session treatment process factors, and (c) a model optimizing the combination of these.MethodData were drawn from the treatment arm (N = 95, ages 8–16) of a randomized transdiagnostic intervention trial (Msessions = 11.2). Mid‐point measures of youth‐ and parent‐reported anxiety and depression were collected, and therapists rated homework completion, youth and parent engagement, and youth therapeutic alliance at each session. Logistic regression was used to predict response on the Clinical Global Impression Improvement Scale (CGI‐I ≤2) rated by independent evaluators masked to treatment condition.ResultsMid‐point symptom measures were significant predictors of treatment response, as were therapist‐ratings of youth and parent engagement, therapeutic alliance, and homework completion. Therapist ratings were significant when tested as mean ratings summing across the first eight sessions of treatment (all ps < .004) and at individual session points (all ps <0.05). A combined prediction model included youth‐reported anxiety, parent‐reported depression, youth engagement at Session 2, and parent engagement at Session 8. This model correctly classified 76.5% of youth as non‐responders and 91.3% as responders at post‐treatment (Nagelkerke R2 = .59, χ2 (4, 80) = 46.54, p < .001).ConclusionThis study provides initial evidence that response to transdiagnostic intervention for pediatric anxiety and depression may be reliably predicted by mid‐point. These data may serve as foundational evidence to develop adaptive treatment strategies to personalize intervention, correct treatment course, and optimize outcomes for youth with anxiety and depression.
Improving older adults' telehealth through a novel community–academic partnership: Preliminary data
Authors: Neumann Alicia V. , Gonzalez Andrea , Walter Louise C. , Rivera Josette 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic increased the use of telehealth, which posed unique challenges for the provision of care to older adults who face numerous barriers to accessing and using technology. To improve older adults' online health‐related abilities, the UCSF Geriatrics Workforce Enhancement Program (UCSF‐GWEP) partnered with Little Brothers Friends of the Elderly‐San Francisco (LBFE‐SF) to develop a model telehealth training intervention.MethodsLBFE‐SF recruited older adults from their members with wi‐fi and paired each one with a new device and volunteer trainer to cover seven lessons and four key tasks (emailing providers, video visits, accessing health information, and using patient portals). Older adults completed surveys to self‐assess their skill level after training, and their confidence before, immediately after, and 3 months post training. A subset of trainees were also interviewed about their program goals and experiences. UCSF‐GWEP conducted statistical analyses of survey data, and coded interview transcripts to identify aspects of the model supportive to learning and success.ResultsOf 43 participants, 31 completed training. Their median age was 75; 48% were non‐white; 45% had no more than a high school education; and 63% reported yearly income below U.S. $20,000.Three months after completing the program, more than 50% of trainees reported that they needed little or no help performing all four key tasks, and confidence with video visits, online searches, and patient portals showed significant improvement. Additionally, in interviews participants reported improved health, social benefits, and explained that learning was facilitated by self‐pacing, repetition, and longitudinal support from volunteer trainers.ConclusionsOlder adults with various barriers to learning technology showed online independence and increased confidence with some telehealth tasks after a novel training intervention. Key characteristics of the model included a tablet device, one‐on‐one longitudinal support from volunteers, comprehensive learning materials, and community–academic partnership.
Nursing Home PRevention of Injury in DEmentia (NH PRIDE): A pilot study of a remote injury prevention service for NH residents
Authors: Berry Sarah D. , Hecker Emily J. , McConnell Eleanor S. , Xue Tingzhong‐Michelle , Tsai Timothy , Zullo Andrew R. , Colón‐Emeric Cathleen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundMedication optimization, including prescription of osteoporosis medications and deprescribing medications associated with falls, may reduce injurious falls. Our objective was to describe a remote, injury prevention service (NH PRIDE) designed to optimize medication use in nursing homes (NHs), and to describe its implementation outcomes in a pilot study.MethodsThis was a non‐randomized trial (pilot study) including NH staff and residents from five facilities. Long‐stay residents at high‐risk for injurious falls were identified using a validated risk calculator and staff referral. A remote team reviewed the electronic health record (EHR) and provided recommendations as Injury Prevention Plans (IPP). A research nurse served as a care coordinator focused on resident engagement and shared decision‐making. Outcomes included implementation measures, as identified in the EHR, and surveys and interviews with staff.ResultsAcross five facilities, 274 residents were screened for eligibility, and 46 residents (16.8%) were enrolled. Most residents were female (73.9%) and had dementia (63.0%). An IPP was completed for 45 residents (97.8%). The nurse made a total of 93 deprescribing recommendations in 36 residents (80% of residents had one or more deprescribing recommendation; mean 2.2 recommendations/resident). Twenty of 45 residents (44.4%) had a recommendation for osteoporosis treatment. Among residents with recommendations, 21/36 (58.3%) had one or more deprescribing orders written and 6/20 (30.0%) had an osteoporosis medication prescribed. At 4 months, most medication changes persisted. Adverse side effects were rare. Staff members identified several areas for program refinement, including aligning recommendations with provider workflow and engaging consultant psychiatrists.ConclusionsA remote injury prevention service is safe and feasible to enhance deprescribing and osteoporosis treatment in long‐stay NH residents at risk for injury. Additional investigation is needed to determine if this model could reduce injurious falls when deployed across NH chains.
Inconsistent and very weak evidence for a direct association between childhood personality and adult ideology
Authors: Fasching Neil , Arceneaux Kevin , Bakker Bert N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe add depth and breadth to the study of the childhood personality–adult ideology link with additional data, measures, and measurement approaches.BackgroundPast research in (political) psychology has put forward that individual differences in psychological needs shape ideology. Most evidence supporting this claim is cross‐sectional. Two previous longitudinal studies showed preliminary evidence that childhood personality traits linked to negativity bias correlate with political ideology in adulthood, yet these studies have limitations.MethodsWe report the results from two longitudinal studies (combined N = 13,822) conducted in the United Kingdom that measure childhood personality (5–11 years old) and political ideology from puberty (age 16) to early (age 26) and middle adulthood (age 42).ResultsWe find very weak and inconsistent evidence that childhood personality traits related to negativity bias are directly associated with general conservatism, social conservatism, or economic conservatism across different stages of adulthood. Across the board, Bayes Factors most often indicate strong evidence for the null hypothesis.ConclusionWe offer evidence that the results of previous research are not as robust or as consistent as scholars in the extant literature presume. Our findings call for more, not less, research on the link between childhood personality and political ideology.
Soy sauce and vanilla odors improve balance ability in children
Authors: Inatomi Junichi , Yasuoka Kiwa , Takebayashi Hideaki , Yano Yutaka , Kataoka Satoko , Yamaguchi Masahiro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOlfactory stimulation promotes motor activity in adults. However, the effect of odor stimulation on children's motor activity is not well understood. In this study, given the importance of feeding behavior in children, and the involvement of balance ability in that behavior, we examined the effects of soy sauce and vanilla odors, as food‐related olfactory stimuli, on balance ability in 67 healthy, normal developing children aged 3–6 years. The participants were randomly divided into water (control), soy sauce, and vanilla groups, and their balance ability was assessed before and after olfactory stimulation using the Functional Reach Test (FRT). The results showed that the soy sauce and vanilla odor exposure extended the reaching distance and forward shift in the center of gravity in the FRT, indicating that food odors improved the balance ability of children.Practical ApplicationsWe have shown that soy sauce and vanilla odors improve balance ability in children. Such odor stimulation could be useful for children with cerebral palsy who have balance disorders. A better understanding of the neural mechanisms that link olfactory stimulation with motor activity will facilitate the therapeutic application of odors for children with motor disorders.
Exploring the landscape of steatotic liver disease in the general US population
Authors: Ciardullo Stefano , Carbone Marco , Invernizzi Pietro , Perseghin Gianluca 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe aim of the present study is to explore the epidemiologic impact of the definition of steatotic liver disease (SLD) proposed by a multi‐society (American Association for the Study of the Liver‐the European Association for the Study of Liver Diseases‐Asociación Latinoamericana para el Estudio del Hígado) Delphi consensus statement.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study of US adults participating in the 2017–2020 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who were evaluated by vibration‐controlled transient elastography. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were diagnosed by the median value of controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurement using cut‐offs of 274 dB/m and 8.0 kPa, respectively. Recently proposed criteria for metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), MetALD (MASLD + significant alcohol consumption), MASLD‐Viral hepatitis and cryptogenic SLD were applied.ResultsSLD was present in 42.1% (95% CI: 40.3–43.9) of the 3173 included participants. Among patients with SLD, 99.4% met the metabolic dysfunction definition. Moreover, 89.4%, 7.7%, 2.4%, 0.4% and 0.1% were defined as MASLD, MetALD, MASLD‐Viral, alcoholic liver disease (ALD) (significant alcohol consumption without metabolic dysfunction) and cryptogenic, respectively. No patients without metabolic dysfunction had significant liver fibrosis, which was present in 15.2%, 9.5% and 19.5% of patients with MASLD, MetALD and MASLD‐viral, respectively. Approximately, 90% of the overall adult US population could be diagnosed with metabolic dysfunction according to the consensus criteria. A high degree of concordance was found between MASLD and the previously proposed metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease definition.ConclusionsMetabolic dysfunction is present in almost all patients with SLD in the United States. The new change in diagnostic criteria did not significantly impact disease prevalence.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer: A cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Zhu Youwen , Liu Kun , Zhu Hong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe increasingly widespread of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the field of antitumors has brought a new dawn for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (aBTC). However, the choice of treatment needs to be supported by economic evaluation. Therefore, the cost‐effectiveness comparison of first‐line durvalumab or pembrolizumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin (GemCis) treatment of aBTC was explored from the perspective of American and Chinese healthcare systems.MethodsGround on the TOPAZ‐1 and KEYNOTE‐966 trials, the Markov model with a 15‐year horizon including three health states to imitate cost and effective outcomes was established. Incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) at willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) thresholds of $100 000/QALY and $37 408/ALY in the USA and China was used as the most important indicator. Other endpoint indexes included total cost, life years (LYs), quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental net‐health benefit (INHB). To verify the robustness, sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed.ResultsDurvalumab plus GemCis ($322 211 [2.94 QALYs] and $35 695 [2.76 QALYs]) increased cost (effectiveness) by $63 777 (.22 QALYs) and $5234 (.20 QALYs) than pembrolizumab plus GemCis ($258 434 [2.72 QALYs] and $30 461 [2.56 QALYs]) in the USA and China, respectively. The corresponding ICER was $288 725/QALY and $26 401/QALY, with INHB of −.42 and .06 QALYs, respectively. The cost of ICIs was the most important factor influencing results.ConclusionsIn China, first‐line durvalumab plus GemCis versus pembrolizumab plus GemCis was a cost‐effective option for patients with aBTC, but not in the USA.