bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in the Republic of Belarus: DALY-analysis and cost-effectiveness
Authors: Ramanau H. N. , Rudenka E. V. , Platoshkin E. N. , Ramaniva A. A. 
Published: January 2023

Objective. To calculate the number of lost (including healthy) years of life in patients aged 50 years and older with proximal femur fractures (PF) in the Republic of Belarus based on primary incidence data and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the therapeutic model for the secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures.Materials and methods. A comprehensive assessment of health losses was carried out using DALY analysis based on our own epidemiological data on the primary incidence of PF and is presented in years of life lost to due to premature mortality and the years lived with a disability. The alendronic acid (AA) prescription after a primary PF fracture was proposed for secondary prevention of PF fractures. The cost-effectiveness was calculated based on the cost of one saved (including healthy) year in relation to the national GDP per capita.Results. In the Republic of Belarus taking into account sex and age structure of the population it is expected to have a total of 2867 PF fractures in men (558 atal cases during the first year) and 7921 (2382 fatal cases) in women per year. The total number of lost (including healthy) years of life due to osteoporotic PF fractures was 8719.0 in men and 8169.9 in women. The administration of AA after PF fracture will save 1806.11 years of healthy life. The cost of one saved (incl. healthy) year was 1044.2 BYN/year for men (6.5% of GDP per capita) and 1720.1 BYN/year for women (10.8% of GDP per capita).Conclusion. Prescription of antiresorptive therapy in the form of alendronic acid to men and women aged 50 years and older after a osteoporotic PF fracture for prevention of recurrent osteoporotic fractures is highly cost-effective and can be considered when assessing the threshold of intervention in treating patients with osteoporosis in the Republic of Belarus.
Pralsetinib (Gavreto)
Authors: CADTH  
Published: January 2023

CADTH reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class.
The assessments inform non-binding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada's federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.
This review assesses pralsetinib (Gavreto), 400 mg (four 100 mg oral tablets once daily).
Indication: For the treatment of adult patients with rearranged during transfection (RET) fusion–positive locally advanced unresectable or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.
A contribution to the quantification of crustal shortening and kinematics of deformation across the Western Andes ( ∼ 20–22° S)
Authors: Habel Tania , Simoes Martine , Lacassin Robin , Carrizo Daniel , Aguilar German 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The Andes are an emblematic active Cordilleran orogen.
Mountain building in the Central Andes (∼20∘ S)
started by the Late Cretaceous to early Cenozoic along the subduction margin
and propagated eastward. In general, the structures sustaining the uplift of
the western flank of the Andes are dismissed, and their contribution to
mountain building remains poorly constrained. Here, we focus on two sites
along the Western Andes at ∼20–22∘ S in the
Atacama desert, where structures are well exposed. We combine mapping from
high-resolution satellite images with field observations and numerical
trishear forward modeling to provide quantitative constraints on the
kinematic evolution of the investigated field sites. When upscaling our
local field interpretations to the regional scale, we identify two main
structures: (1) the Andean Basement Thrust, a west-vergent thrust system
placing Andean Paleozoic basement over Mesozoic strata, and (2) a series of
west-vergent thrusts pertaining to the West Andean Thrust System, deforming
primarily Mesozoic units. From our interpreted sections, we estimate that
both structures together accommodate at least ∼6–9 km of
shortening across the sole investigated ∼7–17 km wide field
sites. This multi-kilometric shortening represents only a fraction of the
total shortening accommodated across the whole Western Andes. The timing of
the main deformation recorded in the folded Mesozoic series can be bracketed
between ∼68 and ∼29 Ma – and possibly between
∼68 and ∼44 Ma – from dated deformed
geological layers, with a subsequent significant slowing-down of shortening
rates. Even though the structures forming the Western Andes only absorbed a
small fraction of the total shortening across the whole orogen, their
contribution was relatively significant at the earliest stages of
Andean mountain building before deformation proceeded eastward.
Literature as the Route of Transmission of Buddhism into Britain
Authors: Deepti Agarwal  
Published: January 2023

Literary transmission of a subject has been a perennial phenomenon through the mode of literature because literary works are not produced in vacuum. Authors transpire the spirit of an age by creative amalgamation of their external influences, which they absorb from their social consciousness, and their internal influences to create fictional literary images, style, themes and motifs for a work. In this manner, an author’s influence from a preceding text or social consciousness exports to the successive literary works incessantly across the temporal and spatial dimensions. To determine literature as an intermediary or channel of transmission of Buddhism into Britain, the methodology of Influence Study is applied to delineate the spread of Buddhism through literary works. The investigation aims to identify the junctures of contact between an influence or an author and an influencer or the Buddhist source of information. Since multitude of impressions are involved in the ongoing process of literary production, the Influence Study utilizes Auguste Comte’s philosophy of positivism and factual account of biographical details to verify the junctures of direct or indirect contact of the author with the Buddhist source of information via literary or extra-literary medium to map the route of interrelationships. For conclusive results, the tools of close reading and interpretive analysis are implemented by juxtaposing the texts imbibing the stylized Buddhist ideology with the teachings of Buddhism. In this connection, a few British texts such as Edwin Arnold’s the Light of Asia, Rudyard Kipling’s Kim, James Hilton’s Lost Horizon, and Aldous Huxley’s Island are scrutinized to investigate the literary transmission of Buddhism into Britain.
Romance with a Difference: The Squire’s Tale and Sir Thopas
Authors: Newby Rebecca Ellen 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
The unfinished Squire’s Tale and Sir Thopas are often characterized as imperfect or parodic representations of the romance genre. However, far from being examples of artistic failure, their generic and stylistic incongruities suggest Chaucer was attempting a sweeping revision of tired generic clichés and paving the way for future innovators. His playful treatment of the genre disrupts the structural integrity of the tales and ultimately prevents either from finding resolution. Despite this, both have a huge amount of aesthetic value, and their presence within the larger Canterbury Tales framework shows that Chaucer was willing to forgo completion in service of generic renewal. By examining how the Squire’s Tale and Sir Thopas deviate from the norms of the romance genre, this article argues that Chaucer was trying to write romances in a different way, and it offers a new understanding of the composition and value of the Squire’s Tale.
Does high achievement in preclinical years predicts similar achievement in clinical year in medical students? A correlational study
Authors: Rahim Saira 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: There is speculation that early medical school basic science instruction is ultimate of limited utility when students enter clinical rotations. It is worthwhile to establish whether early performance in pre-clinical years correlates with performance in later clinical years so that curricula can be adapted accordingly, and actionable predictors of student performance can be identified.Objective: The objective of the study is to investigate the predictive role of student academic performance in early (i.e. “pre-clinical”) medical school years for performance in later (i.e. “clinical”) medical school years.Methods: We employed a retrospective correlation approach by compiling data from medical students in a major academic center in Lahore, Pakistan. The sample cohort consisted of 413 students taken from three consecutive graduating classes (2018, 2019, 2020). Two separate (but thematically related) statistical analyses were undertaken: 1)we created a multivariate linear regression model to predict performance in later (clinical) years (year 5) based on a student’s known demographic factors and academic performance in early (pre-clinical) exams (years 1 and 2) we performed multivariate logistic regression to model the likelihood of attaining “super high achiever” status at the time of graduation (outcome variable) and used demographic data as well as “high achiever” status in early exams (i.e. first three ‘prof ’ exams) as covariates.Results: The most important predictor of performance in the final summative examination was the performance in early ‘prof ’ exams (Year 2 Prof Score F ratio 91.3, p<0.0001). Early attainment of high-achiever status in medical school correlated with the attainment of ‘super high achiever’ status at the time of graduation (p<0.0001).Conclusion: Performance in early medical school years (i.e., “pre-clinical”) correlated with performance in the later medical school years (i.e. “clinical”).
KEYWORDS:Early performance, pre-clinical, high-achiever
Exploring the Preferred Learning Styles among first and final year MBBS students using VARK Inventory at Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi
Authors: Inam Shazia , Haq Amna 
Published: January 2023

Introduction:'Learning style' is defined as an individual's preference in obtaining and understanding information. Students use different learning styles in acquisition of knowledge, skills and attitude.
Objective:To determine the learning styles of preclinical and clinical students belonging to 1st and final year MBBS using the VARK questionnaire; to compare learning styles of 1st and final year medical students.
Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data about the learning style preferences of 1st and final year MBBS students of Foundation University Medical College. The VARK questionnaire was used to categorize the learning styles as Visual (V), Auditory (A), Read and Write (R) and Kinesthetic (K). This study was conducted from 15 July to 15 August 2021. A convenience sampling technique was used for data collection. A total of 249 students responded to the questionnaire.
Results: Among 249 students, 141 were 1st-year students and 108 were final-year students. The most common learning style reported was Kinesthetic (34%), then Auditory (29%), then Visual (20%), and finally, Read/Write (17%). The majority of students (95.6%) preferred quad modal sensory modality for learning followed by trimodal (4%), unimodal (0.4%), and bimodal (0%) preferences.There was a significant difference in the mean scores of visual and auditory learning styles (overall mean of visual scores was 5.42 ± 2.9 and mean of auditory scores was 6.58 ± 2.9 ) between the students of 1st and final year.
Conclusion:
Majority of the students enlisted in this study had a quad modal learning preference. The most common reported
learning style of all the students was Kinesthetic (K), followed by Auditory (A), then Visual (V), and then, Read/Write (R).
KEYWORDS:
Learning styles, VARK, Visual, Aural, Read/Write, Kinesthetic, Modal, Medical Students.
Golden triangle of minimal intervention dentistry in paediatric dentistry
Authors: Joshi Gandhali M , Patel Alok R. , Jajoo Shweta S. , Belsare Sayali 
Published: January 2023

The Minimal Intervention Dentistry (MID) approach provides a more all-inclusive approach towards caries management, comprising of prevention, control, and treatment of caries. The various minimally invasive techniques employed in the MID are the preferred treatment modalities to treat dental caries in children. They are being increasingly employed by dentists with an aim to increase co-operation of children, with an added advantage of giving them a positive dental experience. The behavior modification of young children for an effective Paediatric Dental Care revolves around the Paediatric Dentistry Treatment Triangle, corners of which are formed primarily by the child, parent and dentist. To that end, we have tried to look at certain aspects of the MID from the perspective of a paediatric dentist and thereby proposed a modification of the ‘Golden Triangle of MID’ in relation to its application in paediatric dentistry.
Energy drinks consumption among construction workers in Indonesia and associated factors
Authors: Suarilah Ira , Wahyudi Andri Setiya , Asmoro Candra Panji , Lin Chiu-Chu 
Published: January 2023

Younger and adults tend to consume energy drinks due to the benefit received as promoted by the manufacturer. This retrospective, cross-sectional study aimed to investigate factors associated with energy-drink consumption in a group of construction workers in Indonesia. Literate construction workers who have consumed any brand of energy drink at least once per week were recruited. Demographic data and health literacy were self-reported. The short version of the test functional health literacy for adults (S-TOFHLA) tool was used to examine health literacy. Kidney function was determined by an estimated glomerulus filtration rate (EGFR). An average EGFR of 83.76 mL/min/1.73 m2 was retrieved from 114 participants. Health literacy (p=.016), pre-existing disease (p=.001), and intensity (p=.029) showed a significant difference with decreased kidney function. Age of the first-time experiencing energy drinks (r=-0.260) and pre-existing disease (r=-0.282) showed negative significance correlations (p=<.001) with kidney function. A family history of comorbidity (ß=-0.213), (p=.023), 95% CI (-6.697－-1.286), was a predictor of lowering kidney function among construction workers with extended ingestion of energy drinks. This study emphasizes the importance of elevating public awareness of possible dangers caused by extending the ingestion of energy drinks on the kidney.
EFFECT OF PERIOPERATIVE DEXMEDETOMIDINE ON CARDIAC SURGERY OUTCOME
Authors: ZAFAR H , ASHRAF T , AHMED N 
Published: January 2023

This retrospective study was designed to assess the impact of perioperative dexmedetomidine on the outcome of open-heart surgery. This study was conducted at the Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology Faisalabad from 01 Jan 2022 to Dec 2022. A total of 350 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Informed consent of the participants was taken. The ethical board of the hospital approved the study. Subjects were divided into the dexmedetomidine group (who were administered dexmedetomidine peri operatively, 179 (51%)) and non-dexmedetomidine group (who were not helped dexmedetomidine peri operatively, 171(48.8%).0.24-0.6 μg/kg/h was infused intravenously after cardiopulmonary bypass. The was continued for more than twenty-four hours postoperatively.10 out of 350 subjects (2.8%) died in hospital, and 14 (4%) died within thirty days. Perioperative dexmedetomidine infusion resulted in a significant reduction in hospital and 30-day mortality. In-hospital mortality in the dexmedetomidine and non-dexmedetomidine group were 1.22% and 4.6%, respectively (P=.008). 30-day mortality in the dexmedetomidine and non-dexmedetomidine groups was 1.8% and 5.2%, respectively (P=.002). Perioperative dexmedetomidine significantly reduced post-operative sepsis (0.8% vs. 2.2%, P=.043) and other complications (46.19% vs. 56.07%, P=.0205). There was no difference in the duration of hospital stay, ICU stay, post-operative ventilation time, and incidence of delirium and MACEs. So, it can be concluded that perioperative intravenous dexmedetomidine results in improved hospital and thirty-day survival and is associated with a decrease in post-operative delirium and overall complications.
Analisis terhadap kekuatan Hukum Surat Perintah Kerja dalam pelaksanaan proyek pengadaan barang dan jasa pemerintah (Studi Putusan Nomor : 190/Pdt.G/2017/PN.BTM dan putusan kasasi Register Nomor : 2091 K/Pdt/2011)
Authors: Suheri Angga  , Sirait Ningrum Natasya , Purba Hasim , Siregar Mahmul 
Published: January 2023

Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa menetapkan prosesnya melalui Swakelola dan Penyedia. Hubungan hukum Pengadaan barang/jasa yang digunakan adalah surat perintah kerja (SPK). SPK adalah adalah surat yang digunakan untuk memberikan perintah kepada seseorang agar melakukan suatu pekerjaan. Keberadaan SPK muncul sebagai bagian dari proses terlaksananya pengadaan barang/jasa yang merupakan program kerja pemerintah yang sangat signifikan, untuk memacu pertumbuhan dan perkembangan potensi ekonomi nasional. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kekuatan hukum mengikat dari surat perintah kerja menurut hukum perjanjian di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan memiliki sifat deskriptif analitis serta menggunakan analisis data yakni data kulitatif. SPK merupakan proses pelaksanaan pengadaan barang dan jasa yang melibatkan para pihak dengan memberikan adanya hak dan kewajiban yang telah disepakati dan mengikatkan dirinya dalam suatu perjanjian yang sesuai dengan hukum perjanjian di Indonesia.
Kata Kunci : Kekuatan Hukum Mengikat dan Surat Perintah Kerja
APPLICATION OF HYDROLOGIC MODELS TO ASSESS THE EFFECTS OF CLOUD SEEDING ON AGRICULTURE IN THE WALKER RIVER BASIN OF NEVADA
Authors: Boyle Douglas P. , Garner Chris , Tilley Jeffrey S. , Bassett Scott , Huggins Arlen , Barth Cornelia 
Published: January 2023

<!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal	{mso-style-unhide:no;	mso-style-qformat:yes;	mso-style-parent:"";	margin:0in;	margin-bottom:.0001pt;	text-align:justify;	line-height:150%;	mso-pagination:widow-orphan;	font-size:11.0pt;	mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;	font-family:"Times New Roman";	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";	mso-ansi-language:EN-AU;} .MsoChpDefault	{mso-style-type:export-only;	mso-default-props:yes;	font-size:10.0pt;	mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt;	mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;} @page WordSection1	{size:8.5in 11.0in;	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;	mso-header-margin:.5in;	mso-footer-margin:.5in;	mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1	{page:WordSection1;} --> Abstract. A set of existing hydrologic models of the headwater and agricultural areas of the Walker River basin are used to estimate the effects of cloud seeding activities by Desert Research Institute on the amount of water delivered to the agricultural areas in the lower part of the basin over the water years 2004 through 2013. A monthly water balance model is used to simulate the accumulation and melt of the snowpack and the associated runoff in the headwater areas. A river basin management model is used to simulate the spatial and temporal complexity of the movement and use of surface and groundwater below the mountain front in the streams, reservoirs, irrigation ditches, and crop areas which are completely driven by water right priorities and water supply. In the two case studies presented, the effects of cloud seeding on two different target areas were identified and compared in terms of: (1) changes to the amount of surface water delivered to the crop areas for irrigation purposes; (2) changes in the amount of supplemental groundwater pumping; and (3) changes in crop shortage for each year over the study period. Estimates of crop irrigation water requirements and crop value per acre were used to estimate the financial benefits of the cloud seeding activities under a range of seeding efficiency estimates for each case. The results indicate that, over the study period, the benefits to seeding the target areas in the first case, characterized by relatively large long-term annual precipitation, are significantly greater than seeding the target area in the second case, characterized by less annual precipitation. The results from both studies provide useful information for planning and operational decisions related to cloud seeding in the Walker River basin.
Comentarios Taxonómicos de un especímen de Glossotherium del Pleistoceno de Chile Central
Authors: Püschel Hans P. , Püschel Thomas A. , Rubilar-Rogers David 
Published: January 2023

La familia Mylodontidae fue una de las más diversas de la fauna del Pleistoceno en Sudamérica. Dentro de esta, el género Glossotherium poseía una amplia distribución en el cono sur, con un solo registro en Chile, SGO.PV.2 depositado en el Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile. Dado que la asig­nación de especie de este ejemplar como Glossotherium lettsomi se realizó hace 48 años, se llevó a cabo una revisión de esta considerando nuevos estudios taxonómicos. Con estos nuevos antecedentes, se re­alizó una nueva diagnosis del ejemplar, análisis de componentes principales (PCA) y análisis discrimi­nantes lineales (LDA) en los que se utilizaron datos craneales de estudios previos con ejemplares de Glossotherium robustum. Por otra parte, se realizó un análisis filogenético basado en estudios previos, considerando sólo caracteres craneodentales de SGO.PV.2 con el fin de establecer su relación con los integrantes del clado o familia. Por último, se realizó una descripción inédita del esqueleto postcraneal de SGO.PV.2. Los resultados del conjunto de análisis realizados indican la asignación de SGO.PV.2 a la especie Glossotherium robustum, siendo el único registro de esta especie en Chile.
Clave taxonómica ilustrada de las especies chilenas de Parastacidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Astacidea)
Authors: Rudolph-Latorre Erich 
Published: January 2023

Las siete especies de camarones de río de la Familia Parastacidae que habitan las aguas dulces de Chile se agrupan en los géneros: Samastacus (1), Parastacus (2) y Virilastacus (4). La creciente actividad antrópica que actualmente se observa en el centro-sur de nuestro país está degradando, fragmentando y disminuyendo la extensión geográfica de sus respectivos hábitats, lo que finalmente pone en riesgo su conservación. En este trabajo se recopila y sistematiza información sobre los rasgos morfológicos externos más conspicuos de los camarones de río en general y de las especies chilenas en particular, con los objetivos de: 1) generar una clave ilustrada que facilite la identificación de estas siete especies, y que a su vez permita distinguir la eventual ocurrencia de especies exóticas de Astacidea en las aguas dulces de Chile; y 2) promover su conocimiento y conservación.
Descripción de una nueva especie de Lissodema Curtis, 1833 de Chile y datos de distribución de Lissodema glaberrima Fairmaire y Germain, 1863 (Coleoptera: Salpingidae)
Authors: Solervicens A. Jaime 
Published: January 2023

Se describe Lissodema chilensis nov. sp.; se presenta una imagen de su aspecto externo y se establece su diferencia con Lissodema glaberrima Fairmaire y Germain, 1863, previamente descrita para Chile. Se dan datos de distribución de las especies