bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Space Diplomacy from an Astronaut’s Viewpoint
Authors: Yamazaki Naoko 
Published: April 2023

Summary
Intergovernmental space diplomacy has played an essential role in human space activities. The International Space Station of low-Earth orbit and the Artemis programme to explore the moon and beyond are essential examples. Current noteworthy developments that are influencing space diplomacy include the following: (1) the number of governments that engage in human space activities has been increasing; and (2) inter-industry and grassroots co-operation has had a significant impact. We astronauts, and I believe anybody who aims to explore space, appreciate the value of norms in space, which assure a safe environment for our activities and secure future possibilities to expand our frontier to the moon and beyond.
The Construction of “Difference”: a Contextualization of Heunggongyahn Identification in the 1970s
Authors: Sio Alvis Ka-I 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Taking the Hongkonger identity as an example of an overseas Chinese identity, this paper reviews the studies of “Hongkonger” identification. The idea of a “hybridized Hong Kong—Chinese identity,” raised by media scholar Anthony Fung, is critically examined. I criticize this idea for disregarding the sociocultural context in which it was constructed, specifically the role and political aim of the colonizer, and for overemphasizing the “Other” role of the Chinese. This paper thereby contextualizes the emergence of the Hongkonger identity in the 1970s in the colonial context, examining how the role and political agenda of the colonizer related to the changing consciousness of Hongkongers and the emergence of the Hongkonger identity. In more concrete terms, this paper focuses on how the so-called “MacLehose reform” encouraged the consciousness of the “Hongkonger” as a separate category from that of the “Chinese” by “civilizing” the people of Hong Kong.
O3ResNet: A Deep Learning–Based Forecast System to Predict Local Ground-Level Daily Maximum 8-Hour Average Ozone in Rural and Suburban Environments
Authors: Leufen Lukas Hubert , Kleinert Felix , Schultz Martin G. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
With the impact of tropospheric ozone pollution on humankind, there is a compelling need for robust air quality forecasts. Here, we introduce a novel deep learning (DL) forecasting system called O3ResNet that produces a 4-day forecast for ground-level ozone. O3ResNet is based on a convolutional neural network with residual blocks. The model has been trained on 22 yr of ozone and nitrogen oxides in situ measurements and ERA5 reanalysis data from 2000 to 2021 at 328 stations in central Europe located in rural and suburban environments. Our model outperforms the state-of-the-art Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service regional forecast model ensemble for ground-level ozone with respect to the mean-square error and mean absolute error of the daily maximum 8-h running-average ozone, thus marking a major milestone for DL-based ozone prediction. O3ResNet has a very small bias without requiring additional postprocessing, and it generalizes well so that new stations can be added with no need to retrain the neural network. Because the model works on hourly data, it can be easily adapted to output other air quality metrics. We conclude that O3ResNet is sufficiently advanced and robust to become a test application for operational air quality forecasting with DL.

Significance Statement
In this paper, we introduce a novel deep learning approach to forecast ground-level ozone for rural and suburban environments on a local scale. Our model is able to outperform the state-of-the-art Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service regional ensemble forecast and is a major milestone toward a more reliable ozone prediction. This is important because local-scale ozone forecasts using conventional methods show significant bias or require site-dependent postprocessing. The findings suggest that the model presented in this article can become an important tool for air quality prediction.
Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence for Environmental Sciences: An Innovative Approach for Summer School
Authors: McGovern Amy , Gagne David John , Wirz Christopher D. , Ebert-Uphoff Imme , Bostrom Ann , Rao Yuhan , Schumacher Andrea , Flora Montgomery , Chase Randy , Mamalakis Antonios , McGraw Marie , Lagerquist Ryan , Redmon Robert J. , Peterson Taysia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Many of our generation’s most pressing environmental science problems are wicked problems, which means they cannot be cleanly isolated and solved with a single “correct” answer. The NSF AI Institute for Research on Trustworthy AI in Weather, Climate, and Coastal Oceanography (AI2ES) seeks to address such problems by developing synergistic approaches with a team of scientists from three disciplines: environmental science (including atmospheric, ocean, and other physical sciences), artificial intelligence (AI), and social science including risk communication. As part of our work, we developed a novel approach to summer school, held from 27 to 30 June 2022. The goal of this summer school was to teach a new generation of environmental scientists how to cross disciplines and develop approaches that integrate all three disciplinary perspectives and approaches in order to solve environmental science problems. In addition to a lecture series that focused on the synthesis of AI, environmental science, and risk communication, this year’s summer school included a unique “trust-a-thon” component where participants gained hands-on experience applying both risk communication and explainable AI techniques to pretrained machine learning models. We had 677 participants from 63 countries register and attend online. Lecture topics included trust and trustworthiness (day 1), explainability and interpretability (day 2), data and workflows (day 3), and uncertainty quantification (day 4). For the trust-a-thon, we developed challenge problems for three different application domains: 1) severe storms, 2) tropical cyclones, and 3) space weather. Each domain had associated user persona to guide user-centered development.
A New Method for Postprocessing Numerical Weather Predictions Using Quantile Mapping in the Frequency Domain
Authors: Jiang Ze , Johnson Fiona 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Improving lead time for forecasting floods is important to minimize property damage and ensure the safety of the public and emergency services during flood events. Numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are important components of flood forecasting systems and have been vital in extending forecasting lead time under complex weather and terrain conditions. However, NWP forecasts still have significant uncertainty associated with the precipitation fields that are the main inputs of the hydrologic models and thus the resulting flood forecasts. An issue often overlooked is the importance of correctly representing variability over a range of different temporal scales. To address this gap, here a new wavelet-based method for postprocessing NWP precipitation forecasts is proposed. First, precipitation forecasts are decomposed into the frequency domain using a wavelet transform, providing estimates of the amplitudes and phases of the time series at different frequencies. Quantile mapping is then used to correct bias in the amplitudes of each frequency. Randomized phases are used to generate an ensemble of realizations of the precipitation forecasts. The postprocessed precipitation forecasts are reconstructed by taking the inverse of adjusted time-frequency decompositions with the corrected amplitudes and randomized phases. The proposed method was used to postprocess NWP precipitation forecasts in the Sydney region of Australia. There is a significant improvement in postprocessed precipitation forecasts across multiple time scales in terms of bias and temporal and spatial correlation structures. The postprocessed precipitation fields can be used for the modeling of fully distributed hydrologic systems, improving runoff stimulation, flood depth estimation, and flood early warning.

Significance Statement
A new method accounting for the timing and spatial errors of NWP precipitation forecasts is proposed, and it can improve the skill of forecasts across multiple time scales, especially at short lead times. The proposed method provides a practical and effective way to correct these errors by incorporating spatiotemporal neighborhood information through the frequency domain using sophisticated wavelet transforms. With systematic timing and spatial errors removed, precipitation forecasts will be more skillful, and hydrological modeling using the postprocessed forecasts can provide higher accuracy of streamflow estimation.
A Systematic Review of Existential Concerns in Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Liu Candy T. X. , Menzies Rachel E. , Menzies Ross G. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Existential philosophy and psychotherapy focuses on the “givens” of human experience, including feelings of meaninglessness, isolation, death anxiety, and concerns surrounding identity and freedom. Although borderline personality disorder (BPD) is arguably characterized by issues in a number of these domains, it has not been systematically examined through the lens of existential therapy. Method: The current systematic review included 37 articles which examined existential concerns in relation to BPD. Results: These articles highlighted the predominance of chronic identity and isolation-related concerns in BPD, as well as the potential role of meaning in buffering against the distress of BPD, such as suicidality and comorbid depressive features. Implications: The implications of existential phenomenological findings in the conceptualization of BPD, treatment and future existential research are discussed.
Peer Attachment Style Moderates the Effect of Mood on Creativity
Authors: Chen Yingcong , Luo Suping , Wang Ling , Miao Huiting , Xi Rongrong , Luo Zheng , Wang Zhenhong 
Published: April 2023

The present study investigated the moderating role of peer attachment style in the relationship between mood and creativity. An experiment was conducted with a sample of 267 undergraduate students ( Mage = 19.85, range = 17–24 years). First, participants’ peer attachment style was measured, following which positive, neutral, or negative mood was induced; subsequently, two creative tasks were conducted. A MANOVA revealed significant interactions between peer attachment and mood. Specifically, for secure participants, creativity was significantly higher in the positive mood state compared to the neutral and negative mood states; for insecure participants, the effect of positive mood was not pronounced. Moreover, negative mood exerted a significant beneficial effect on the originality dimension for participants with an anxious-ambivalent peer attachment style; they showed higher creativity in the negative mood state than in the neutral or positive mood states. In general, peer attachment style moderated the relationship between mood and creativity; specifically, positive mood was beneficial to creativity among secure persons, and negative mood was beneficial to creativity among anxious-ambivalent persons.
Building Program Evaluation Capacity Through an Online Training for Graduate Students at Schools and Programs of Public Health
Authors: Hemingway Bree L. , Balingit Reener M. , Donaldson Stewart I. 
Published: April 2023

Objectives: Program evaluation is an essential function for public health professionals that is necessary to acquire funding for public health programs and support evidenced-based practice, but coverage of program evaluation principles and methodology within the master of public health (MPH) curriculum is inconsistent and may not adequately prepare students to conduct program evaluation activities postgraduation, especially on culturally responsive program evaluation. We examined the effectiveness of an online training course on program evaluation topics. Methods: In July 2021, we recruited current and recently graduated MPH students from accredited US universities to measure the effectiveness of a 1-hour online training course in program evaluation. We distributed pre- and postsurveys to eligible participants. We assessed program evaluation skills on a 4-point Likert scale to determine improvements in knowledge (from 4 = extremely knowledgeable to 1 = not knowledgeable), attitudes (from 4 = strongly agree to 1 = strongly disagree), and self-efficacy (from 4 = strongly agree to 1 = strongly disagree). Results: Among 80 MPH students who completed the survey, respondents indicated mean (SD) increases from presurvey to postsurvey in knowledge (from 2.13 [0.66] to 3.24 [0.54]) and attitudes (from 3.61 [0.51] to 3.84 [0.30]) toward program evaluation and in self-efficacy in conducting program evaluation (from 2.92 [0.71] to 3.44 [0.52]). Conclusion: The course may be an effective approach for training public health professionals about program evaluation. Our results provide a basis for revising the way program evaluation is taught and practical recommendations for integrating program evaluation competencies within public health curricula, such as by incorporating a self-paced training course for continuing education.
A Qualitative Exploration of General Practitioners’ Treatment Decision-Making for Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Stallman Alex , Sheeran Nicola , Boschen Mark 
Published: April 2023

Background General practitioners (GPs) provide the most antidepressant prescriptions and psychologist referrals in Australia, yet little is known about how they decide between treatments for depressive symptoms. Aims This study examined the decision cues that GPs use when deciding how to treat depressive symptoms and the meaning they attribute to these associations. Methods Structured interviews were conducted with 16 Australian GPs in a “think-aloud” verbal protocol analysis format. The transcripts were analyzed using content coding and thematic analysis, informed by the dual processes model of decision making. Results Participants associated prescribing antidepressants with severe depressive symptoms, and psychologist referrals were the preferred initial treatment provided patients were willing to engage. Four main themes emerged from the thematic analysis: 1) psychologist as default, 2) the risk is just too high, 3) medication as supplement , and 4) drivers of antidepressants. Contrary to previous findings, participants identified a strong heuristic association between depressive symptoms and psychologist referral. Antidepressant prescription was associated with severe symptoms, higher risk, and a cluster of cues that lead them away from psychologist referral. Conclusions Participants demonstrated an oversensitivity to depressive symptom severity, associating psychologist referrals with subclinical depressive symptoms, and starting antidepressants for suicidal ideation and significant functional decline. Highlights Psychologist referrals were the default preference for GPs when treating depressive symptoms, whereas antidepressants were reserved for patients with elevated risk from severe depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Participants’ conceptualization of depression severity was oversensitive compared with treatment guidelines. Contrary to treatment guidelines, GPs in this study demonstrated their discomfort for referring patients with suicidal ideation to a psychologist without initiating antidepressants. GPs should consider whether patients within their mild to moderate assessment range can be treated exclusively with more cost-effective means than psychological therapy such as e-mental health programs, guided self-help, and lifestyle changes alone.
Identifying highly active anti-CCR4 CAR T cells for the treatment of T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Watanabe Keisuke , Gomez Angela M. , Kuramitsu Shunichiro , Siurala Mikko , Da Tong , Agarwal Sangya , Song Decheng , Scholler John , Rotolo Antonia , Posey Avery D. , Rook Alain H. , Haun Paul L. , Ruella Marco , Young Regina M. , June Carl H. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A challenge when targeting T-cell lymphoma with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is that target antigens are often shared between T cells and tumor cells, resulting in fratricide between CAR T cells and on-target cytotoxicity on normal T cells. CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) is highly expressed in many mature T-cell malignancies, such as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), and has a unique expression profile in normal T cells. CCR4 is predominantly expressed by type-2 and type-17 helper T cells (Th2 and Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg), but it is rarely expressed by other T helper (Th) subsets and CD8+ cells. Although fratricide in CAR T cells is generally thought to be detrimental to anticancer functions, in this study, we demonstrated that anti-CCR4 CAR T cells specifically depleted Th2 and Tregs, while sparing CD8+ and Th1 T cells. Moreover, fratricide increased the percentage of CAR+ T cells in the final product. CCR4-CAR T cells were characterized by high transduction efficiency, robust T-cell expansion, and rapid fratricidal depletion of CCR4-positive T cells during CAR transduction and expansion. Furthermore, mogamulizumab-based CCR4-CAR T cells induced superior antitumor efficacy and long-term remission in mice engrafted with human T-cell lymphoma cells. In summary, CCR4–depleted anti-CCR4 CAR T cells are enriched in Th1 and CD8+ T cells and exhibit high antitumor efficacy against CCR4–expressing T-cell malignancies.
Posttransplant MRD and T-cell chimerism status predict outcomes in patients who received allografts for AML/MDS
Authors: Loke Justin , McCarthy Nicholas , Jackson Aimee , Siddique Shamyla , Hodgkinson Andrea , Mason John , Crawley Charles , Gilleece Maria , Peniket Andrew , Protheroe Rachel , Salim Rahuman , Tholouli Eleni , Wilson Keith , Andrew Georgia , Dillon Richard , Khan Naeem , Potter Victoria , Krishnamurthy Pramila , Craddock Charles , Freeman Sylvie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Allogeneic stem-cell transplant allows for the delivery of curative graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplasia (AML/MDS). Surveillance of T-cell chimerism, measurable residual disease (MRD) and blast HLA-DR expression may inform whether GVL effectiveness is reduced. We report here the prognostic impact of these biomarkers in patients allografted for AML/MDS. One hundred eighty-seven patients from FIGARO, a randomized trial of reduced-intensity conditioning regimens in AML/MDS, were alive and relapse-free at the first MRD time-point and provided monitoring samples for flow cytometric MRD and T-cell chimerism, requested to month+12. Twenty-nine (15.5%) patients had at least 1 MRD-positive result posttransplant. MRD-positivity was associated with reduced overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR], 2.18; P = .0028) as a time-varying Cox variable and remained significant irrespective of pretransplant MRD status in multivariate analyses (P &lt; .001). Ninety-four patients had sequential MRD with T-cell chimerism results at months+3/+6. Patients with full donor T-cell chimerism (FDTC) had an improved OS as compared with patients with mixed donor T-cell chimerism (MDTC) (adjusted HR=0.4; P = .0019). In patients with MDTC (month+3 or +6), MRD-positivity was associated with a decreased 2-year OS (34.3%) vs MRD-negativity (71.4%) (P = .001). In contrast, in the group with FDTC, MRD was infrequent and did not affect the outcome. Among patients with posttransplant MRD-positivity, decreased HLA-DR expression on blasts significantly reduced OS, supporting this as a mechanism for GVL escape. In conclusion, posttransplant MRD is an important predictor of the outcome in patients allografted for AML/MDS and is most informative when combined with T-cell chimerism results, underlining the importance of a GVL effect in AML/MDS.
Cryptogenic stroke as a working diagnosis: the need for an early and comprehensive diagnostic work-up
Authors: Acampa Maurizio , Lazzerini Pietro Enea , Lattanzi Simona , Rubiera Marta 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the Nordic Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke (NOR-FIB) study, the causes of ischemic stroke were identified in 43% of cryptogenic stroke patients monitored with implantable cardiac monitor (ICM), but one-third of these patients had non-cardioembolic causes. These results suggest the need for an early and comprehensive diagnostic work-up before inserting an ICM.
Considerable doubt about rubella screening and vaccination among unvaccinated orthodox protestant women: a mixed-methods study
Authors: de Munter Anne C. , Hautvast Jeannine L. A. , Ruijs Wilhelmina L. M. , Ruiter Robert A. C. , Hulscher Marlies E. J. L. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Women who are susceptible to rubella are advised to vaccinate against rubella to prevent infection in future pregnancies, and thus avert the risk of congenital rubella syndrome in their unborn child. Rubella outbreaks periodically occur in the under-vaccinated orthodox Protestant community in the Netherlands. The objective of this mixed-methods study was to determine and understand personal experience with rubella, perceived rubella susceptibility, and intention to accept rubella screening and vaccination among unvaccinated orthodox Protestant women. The ultimate aim of this study was to inform policy and practice and contribute to the prevention of cases of congenital rubella syndrome.

Methods
A mixed-methods study was conducted combining an online survey and semi-structured interviews among unvaccinated Dutch orthodox Protestant women aged 18–40 years. Descriptive analysis was used for quantitative data. Qualitative data was analysed using codes and categories.

Results
Results of the survey (167 participants) showed that most participants had personal experience with rubella (74%, 123/167) and 101 women (61%, 101/167) indicated they had had rubella themselves. More than half of the women were undecided whether to accept rubella susceptibility screening (56%; 87/156) or rubella vaccination (55%; 80/146). Qualitative findings (10 participants) showed that most women thought they were not susceptible to rubella. Indecisiveness and negative attitudes to accept rubella vaccination were related with religious arguments to object vaccination and with women’s perception of absence of imminent threat of rubella. Furthermore, results showed presence of misconceptions among women in the interpretation of their susceptibility and high confidence in their parents’ memory that they had experienced rubella as a child although no laboratory screening had been conducted.

Conclusions
In light of an imminent rubella outbreak in the Netherlands, a tailored education campaign should be prepared aimed at and established in cooperation with the under-vaccinated orthodox Protestant community. Health care providers should provide adequate information on rubella and support decision-making in order to stimulate women to make a deliberate and informed decision on rubella screening and, if necessary, subsequent vaccination.