bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Distraction Device for Open Reduction of Nascent Lateral Humeral Condylar Fractures in Five Dogs
Authors: Cornell Jackie D. , Frederick Steven Walker , Shessel Blake E. , Cross Alan R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLateral humeral condylar (LHC) nascent malunion fractures are challenging to treat because of extensive callus formation, scar tissue and contracture of surrounding tissues. The objective of this retrospective case series is to describe the novel procedural use of an intraoperative distraction device to aid in the reduction and anatomical alignment of nascent malunion LHC fractures along with long-term functional outcomes in these cases. Medical records of five consecutive cases of dogs with seven nascent malunion LHC fractures that were treated between 2015 and 2018 with the aid of an intraoperative distraction device were reviewed. Relevant clinical and radiographic data, forelimb circumference, elbow goniometry and clinical outcome were evaluated. Anatomic reduction and fixation with complete healing were achieved in all seven cases. Implants were removed in four cases to resolve persisting lameness. Three dogs (4 cases) were available for long-term follow-up: mean circumference and range of motion were decreased in the operated limbs as compared with the contralateral normal limbs. One dog (with bilateral fractures) was euthanized due to poor outcome. In the other five elbows, outcome was acceptable. Based on the results of this case series, use of an intraoperative distraction device to aid in anatomical reduction and fixation of nascent malunion LHC fractures should be considered.
Outbreak of Gastrointestinal Infections Caused by Yersinia enterocolitica in Children, Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Galvis Julián C. , Beltrán Claudia , Sierra Elizabeth , Montaño Aleyda M. , Ramírez Faiver , Villa Pablo , Diaz Alejandro , Robledo Carlos , Robledo Jaime 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective In this study, we describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of a cluster of children with acute gastrointestinal (GI) infection caused by Yersinia enterocolitica in Medellín, Colombia.
Methods A retrospective descriptive observational study was performed with the information recorded in clinical charts of GI infection cases caused by Y. enterocolitica in pediatric population of two hospital institutions in Medellín, Colombia. The microorganism identification was performed directly from stool samples using molecular biology techniques and from stool cultures using mass spectrometry. Space-time simulations and antibiotic susceptibility profiles were performed using Whonet 5.6 and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2020 guide.
Results A total of 37 cases were identified in children younger than 15 years; between November 2020 and January 2021, 45.9% of cases were in children aged 1 to 5 years. Most children had diarrhea (97.3%) and fever (67.6%), 21.6% had abdominal pain and vomiting, and 13.5% had hyporexia. Sixteen of the patients (43.2%) received azithromycin, 24.3% (n = 9) received ceftriaxone, and 13.5% (n = 5) received a combined treatment of ceftriaxone and azithromycin or azithromycin and metronidazole. Based on space-time simulations, the clonality analysis and the characteristics of the cases suggest a community outbreak of unknown origin.
Conclusion Our findings confirm the occurrence of an outbreak related to Y. enterocolitica from the community whose source could not be identified. Although it is presumed that the frequency of this microorganism is low in these regions, the use of new diagnostic tools in clinical microbiology allowed the early identification of the epidemiological event.
Mirau interferometry of fluid interfaces deformed by colloids under the influence of external fields
Authors: Trevenen S. , Beltramo P. J. 
Published: August 2023

The interfacial curvature surrounding colloidal particles pinned to fluid interfaces dictates their interparticle capillary interaction and assembly; however, it is a nontrivial function of particle anisotropy, surface roughness, external field conditions, macroscopic interfacial curvature, and the chemistry of each fluid phase. The prospect of dynamically modifying the pinning properties and interfacial organization of colloidal particles adhered to fluid interfaces via these approaches necessitates the development of experimental techniques capable of measuring changes in the interfacial deformation around particles in situ. Here, we describe a modified technique based on phase-shift Mirau interferometry to determine the relative height of the fluid interface surrounding adsorbed colloids while applying external electric fields. The technique is corrected for macroscopic curvature in the interface as well as in-plane motion of the particle in order to isolate the contribution of the particle to the interfacial deformation. Resultant height maps are produced with a maximum resolution of ±1 nm along the height axis. The measured topography of the interface is used to identify the contact line where the two fluids meet the particle, along with the maximal interfacial deformation (Δumax) of the undulating contact line and the three-phase contact angle, θc. The technique is calibrated using anisotropic polymer ellipsoids of varying aspect ratio before the effect of external AC electric fields on the pinned particle contact angle is demonstrated. The results show promise for this new technique to measure and quantify dynamic changes in interfacial height deformation, which dictate interparticle capillary energy and assembly of colloids at fluid interfaces.
Cooperative Care Does Not Scare – Use of Cooperative Care Training in Routine Husbandry in Dogs
Authors: Sydänheimo Anna , Freeman Marianne , Hunt Kerry 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Empowering animals with choice, which increases predictability and control during husbandry procedures, has the potential to increase their well-being and the safety of the handler. This case study will consider differences in dogs’ clinical signs indicating stress during nail clipping when done with or without choice and control. Dogs were in two independent groups based on owner’s current husbandry routine – group 1, where the dogs had been trained with choice and were not restrained during nail clipping and group 2, where the dogs were restrained during nail clipping. Group 2 showed more stress signals. These findings suggest that offering choice and control to a dog during husbandry procedures will most likely lower the clinical sign of stress, possibly having a beneficial impact on their own and their handler’s welfare.

Information
© The Authors 2023
Introducing Two Adult Cats
Authors: Chamberlain Sally 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This case study describes the process of introducing two adult cats slowly and carefully to provide the greatest chance of long-term success in their integration. The cats in this case study, Bella and Lola, were first introduced using a method that involved feeding them on either side of a glass door. The cats did not respond well to this and there was some tension and aggressive behaviour between them, particularly with Lola chasing and attacking Bella when her back was turned. By changing the way the cats feel about one another using a different introduction method, they are now at the stage where they can spend time together in the same room quite comfortably.

Information
© The Author 2023
A novel micro-device for simultaneous separation-trapping and double-trapping of particles by using dielectrophoresis: numerical and experimental study
Authors: Aghdasi M , Nazari M , Yonesi Sareh 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Dielectrophoretic (DEP) force is a useful tool for manipulating particles in microfluidic systems. It is affected by the frequency of the applied electric field, which can be varied to produce repellent and attractive forces depending on the dielectric properties of particles and the media. In this work, two electric fields with different frequency are used to simultaneously separate and trap particles as well as double-trap particles by utilizing the DEP force. Initially, a single-vial microchannel was proposed to study the impact of the frequency and voltage on three types of electrodes: concentrator, repellent, and absorbing. The goal was to examine their efficacy in trapping a group of particles within the vial while separating and ejecting another group of particles from the microchannel. Performance graphs were used to determine the optimal voltages for the electrodes. Subsequently, an additional vial is incorporated into the microchannel to enable the double-trapping of particles with varying sizes and properties. With the optimal design, particles of varying sizes and properties can be trapped in separate vials within the microchannel. For the first time, the performance cartography of the proposed system has been assessed, enabling the identification of the optimal values and intelligent separations. Validation is conducted in two steps. Firstly, numerical findings are compared to previous experimental results to verify the accuracy of the numerical approach. Secondly, a microchip is fabricated, tested, and compared to numerical results using yeast cells to assess system efficiency and enhance the reliability of the numerical technique.
Tunable electronic and optical properties of ferroelectric WS2/Ga2O3 heterostructures
Authors: Wei Dong , Li Yi , Guo Gaofu , Yu Heng , Ma Yaqiang , Tang Yanan , Feng Zhen , Dai Xianqi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
To integrate two-dimensional (2D) materials into van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) is regarded as an effective strategy to achieve multifunctional devices. The vdWHs with strong intrinsic ferroelectricity is promising for applications in the design of new electronic devices. The polarization reversal transitions of 2D ferroelectric Ga2O3 layers provide a new approach to explore the electronic structure and optical properties of modulated WS2/Ga2O3 vdWHs. The WS2/Ga2O3↑ and WS2/Ga2O3↓ vdWHs are designed to explore possible characteristics through the electric field and biaxial strain. The biaxial strain can effectively modulate the mutual transition of two mode vdWHs in type II and type I band alignment. The strain engineering enhances the optical absorption properties of vdWHs, encompassing excellent optical absorption properties in the range from infrared to visible to ultraviolet, ensuring promising applications in flexible electronics and optical devices. Based on the highly modifiable physical properties of the WS2/Ga2O3 vdWHs, we have further explored the potential applications for the field-controlled switching of the channel in MOSFET devices.
Tightly coupled laser-inertial pose estimation and map building based on B-spline curves
Authors: He Guojian , Liu Yisha , Li Chengxiang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) plays a key role in 3D environment modeling and mobile robot environment perception. However, the traditional discrete-time Laser-inertial SLAM methods are not robust due to the imbalanced registration steps between a single LiDAR frame and the global map. This paper proposes a tightly coupled laser-inertial pose estimation and map building method that uses B-spline curves to represent continuous-time trajectory and achieve high robustness of the registration steps. To ensure efficiency, the proposed method separates the SLAM task into an odometer module and a mapping module. The odometer module performs a coarse pose estimation, while the mapping module performs a fine one and builds a global map with 3D LiDAR points. B-spline curves are utilized to integrate both IMU measurement constraints and LiDAR point constraints in the proposed mapping module, which can enhance the association of consecutive LiDAR frames in the optimization step. Besides, the explicit expression of the Jacobi matrix derivation for B-spline-based laser residuals is also introduced to furtherly improve the computation efficiency. Both indoor and outdoor experiments are conducted on a self-collected dataset and a public dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve superior performance than the baseline method LIO-mapping.
Similarity evaluation method of single flow point energy consumption mapping based on Fréchet distance
Authors: Chen Guoyu , Lan Haibei , Yan Yipu , Peng Yanhua 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Aiming at the problem of inaccurate measurement results caused by factors such as gas leakage during the calibration of the standard meter gas flow standard device of the same type and small diameter, this paper proposes a similarity assessment method of single flow point energy consumption mapping based on Fréchet distance (FD). First, through the statistical analysis of the historical energy consumption data of gas flow standard device, a discrete standard energy consumption mapping is formed. Next, the energy consumption mapping to be tested is standardized and the similarity of the energy consumption mapping is determined by the binary matrix accelerated search of the FD between the energy consumption mapping to be tested and the standard energy consumption mapping. Finally, the similarity threshold is calculated by combining the standard deviation of the FD and the reliability of the gas flowmeter calibration process is evaluated accordingly. The test shows that the method in this paper can effectively determine the reliability of the gas flowmeters calibration results.
Field-effect transistors engineered via solution-based layer-by-layer nanoarchitectonics
Authors: Azzaroni Omar , Piccinini Esteban , Fenoy Gonzalo , Marmisollé Waldemar , Ariga Katsuhiko 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The layer-by-layer (LbL) technique has been proven to be one of the most versatile approaches in order to fabricate functional nanofilms. The use of simple and inexpensive procedures as well as the possibility to incorporate a very wide range of materials through different interactions have driven its application in a wide range of fields. On the other hand, field-effect transistors (FETs) are certainly among the most important elements in electronics. The ability to modulate the flowing current between a source and a drain electrode via the voltage applied to the gate electrode endow these devices to switch or amplify electronic signals, being vital in all of our everyday electronic devices. In this topical review, we highlight different research efforts to engineer field-effect transistors using the LbL assembly approach. We firstly discuss on the engineering of the channel material of transistors via the LbL technique. Next, the deposition of dielectric materials through this approach is reviewed, allowing the development of high-performance electronic components. Finally, the application of the LbL approach to fabricate FETs-based biosensing devices is also discussed, as well as the improvement of the transistor’s interfacial sensitivity by the engineering of the semiconductor with polyelectrolyte multilayers.
Pd/Ni bimetallic modification of SrTiO3 for enhancement of photocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Bai Penghui , Lei Kai , Xie Juan , Wang Hu , Kang Xiaolan , Wang Xia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of Pd/Ni modification on the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of SrTiO3 (STO). STO catalysts were synthesized using a hydrothermal method, and Pd/Ni modification was applied on the surface of STO through chemical deposition. Experimental results demonstrate that the hydrogen evolution rate of Pd/Ni-modified STO (Pd/Ni-STO) reaches 2232.14 μmol g−1 h−1. X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy analysis reveals substitutional doping of Ni with Ti and coordination of Pd with surface O. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicates the introduction of oxygen vacancies due to Pd/Ni doping. Density functional theory calculations suggest that Ni doping activates neighboring Ti atoms, leading to the formation of bimetallic catalytic sites composed of oxygen vacancies and Ti atoms, greatly enhancing the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. This study not only provides an effective catalyst for photocatalytic applications but also offers insights into the underlying mechanism, which may stimulate the development of metal-doped catalytic materials and have implications for a range of other applications.
Hyperparameter optimization and development of an advanced CNN-based technique for lung nodule assessment
Authors: Shivwanshi Resham Raj , Nirala Neelamshobha 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective. This paper aims to propose an advanced methodology for assessing lung nodules using automated techniques with computed tomography (CT) images to detect lung cancer at an early stage. Approach. The proposed methodology utilizes a fixed-size 3 × 3 kernel in a convolution neural network (CNN) for relevant feature extraction. The network architecture comprises 13 layers, including six convolution layers for deep local and global feature extraction. The nodule detection architecture is enhanced by incorporating a transfer learning-based EfficientNetV_2 network (TLEV2N) to improve training performance. The classification of nodules is achieved by integrating the EfficientNet_V2 architecture of CNN for more accurate benign and malignant classification. The network architecture is fine-tuned to extract relevant features using a deep network while maintaining performance through suitable hyperparameters. Main results. The proposed method significantly reduces the false-negative rate, with the network achieving an accuracy of 97.56% and a specificity of 98.4%. Using the 3 × 3 kernel provides valuable insights into minute pixel variation and enables the extraction of information at a broader morphological level. The continuous responsiveness of the network to fine-tune initial values allows for further optimization possibilities, leading to the design of a standardized system capable of assessing diversified thoracic CT datasets. Significance. This paper highlights the potential of non-invasive techniques for the early detection of lung cancer through the analysis of low-dose CT images. The proposed methodology offers improved accuracy in detecting lung nodules and has the potential to enhance the overall performance of early lung cancer detection. By reconfiguring the proposed method, further advancements can be made to optimize outcomes and contribute to developing a standardized system for assessing diverse thoracic CT datasets.
Analysis of surface morphology at leakage current sources on large-area GaN-based p-i-n diodes
Authors: Yang Qian , Yang Jing , Liu Zongshun , Duan Lihong , Zhao Degang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper investigated the relationship between the leakage current of GaN-based diodes with the large size of 8 × 8 mm2 under reverse bias and their responsivity, and it was found that reducing leakage current is an important way to improve the conversion efficiency of diodes. Leakage analysis was performed separately for two sizes of diodes. The location of the leakage was found by emission microscope, and the morphology of the leakage point was analyzed using a focused ion beam and a scanning electron microscope. It was found that structural defects, which may be caused by dropping substances during material growth, can form large leakage channels.
A soft piezoelectric elastomer with enhanced piezoelastic response
Authors: Nicolini Lorenzo , Sorrentino Andrea , Castagnetti Davide 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This work aims to study, develop, and validate a soft piezo-polymer with enhanced piezo-elastic response and easy castable in a free shape through a single and easy process. The work identified a novel formulation for soft piezopolymers based on ambient temperature polymerizable silicone rubber, easily fabricable in 3D printed plastic moulds. Combining polymerizable silicone with a barium titanate (BaTiO3) ceramic powder and defining a detailed fabrication procedure of casting, curing and high voltage poling, we defined how to obtain a promising soft piezoelectric elastomer for countless sensing applications. This study includes information about the mould design used to realize, cure and polarize cylindric elastomeric specimens. This piezopolymer stands out for its flexibility, softness, easy fabrication at ambient temperature and obtainability in multiple shapes and bulky 3D geometries. Finally, we investigated different configurations of the piezopolymer formulation analysing the powder concentration and voltage polarization effects over the mechanical, piezoelectric and morphological characteristics. The specimens exhibit a high induced polarization

d

33

with values up to 22.5 pC N−1, comparable with poled

β

-phase polyvinylidene difluoride. We finally underlined limits encountered in the most extreme configurations.
Breakdown of quantization in nonlinear Thouless pumping
Authors: Tuloup T , Bomantara R W , Gong J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The dynamics of solitons driven in a nonlinear Thouless pump and its connection with the system’s topology were recently explored for both weak and strong nonlinear strength. Using both a self-consistent algorithm and 4th order Runge Kutta method, this work uncovers the fate of nonlinear Thouless pumping in the regime of intermediate nonlinearity, thus establishing a fascinating crossover from the observation of nonzero and quantized pumping at weak nonlinearity to zero pumping at strong nonlinearity. We identify the presence of critical nonlinearity strength at which quantized pumping of solitons breaks down regardless of the protocol time scale. Such an obstruction to pumping quantization is attributed to the presence of self-crossing in nonlinear topological bands. By considering another type of pumping involving Bloch states, we further show how the presence of self-crossing bands also leads to breakdown of quantization, but in a completely different manner from that in the case of soliton pumping. Our results not only unveil a missing piece of physics in nonlinear Thouless pumping, but also provide a means to detect loop structures of nonlinear systems investigated in real space and momentum space.
Learning phase transitions from regression uncertainty: a new regression-based machine learning approach for automated detection of phases of matter
Authors: Guo Wei-chen , He Liang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
For performing regression tasks involved in various physics problems, enhancing the precision or equivalently reducing the uncertainty of regression results is undoubtedly one of the central goals. Here, somewhat surprisingly, the unfavorable regression uncertainty in performing the regression tasks of inverse statistical problems is found to contain hidden information concerning the phase transitions of the system under consideration. By utilizing this hidden information, a new unsupervised machine learning approach was developed in this work for automated detection of phases of matter, dubbed learning from regression uncertainty. This is achieved by revealing an intrinsic connection between regression uncertainty and response properties of the system, thus making the outputs of this machine learning approach directly interpretable via conventional notions of physics. It is demonstrated by identifying the critical points of the ferromagnetic Ising model and the three-state clock model, and revealing the existence of the intermediate phase in the six-state and seven-state clock models. Comparing to the widely-used classification-based approaches developed so far, although successful, their recognized classes of patterns are essentially abstract, which hinders their straightforward relation to conventional notions of physics. These challenges persist even when one employs the state-of-the-art deep neural networks (NNs) that excel at classification tasks. In contrast, with the core working horse being an NN performing regression tasks, our new approach is not only practically more efficient, but also paves the way towards intriguing possibilities for unveiling new physics via machine learning in a physically interpretable manner.