bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of risk factors associated with surgical site infection following abdominal surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Marzoug Omer A , Anees Ahmed , Malik Elfatih M 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveSurgical site infections (SSIs) are among the most common healthcare-associated infections occurring following 1%–3% of all surgical procedures. Their rates are the highest following abdominal surgery. They are still associated with increased morbidity and healthcare costs despite the advancement in the medical field. Many risk factors for SSIs following abdominal surgery have been identified. The aim of this study is to comprehensively assess these risk factors as published in peer-reviewed journals.DesignA systematic review was conducted with accordance to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines.SettingThe databases for search were PubMed and Cochrane Library, in addition to reference lists. Studies were retrieved and assessed for their quality. Data were extracted in a designed form, and a stratified synthesis of data was conducted to report the significant risk factors.ParticipantsPatients undergoing general abdominal surgery.InterventionThe intervention of general abdominal surgery.Main outcome measuresTo identify and assess the risk factors for SSI following abdominal surgery.ResultsLiterature search yielded 813 articles, and the final screening process identified 11 eligible studies. The total number of patients is 11 996. The rates of SSI ranged from 4.09% to 26.7%. Nine studies were assessed to be of high quality, the remaining two studies have moderate quality. Stratified synthesis of data was performed for risk factors using summary measures (OR/risk ratio, 95% CI, and p value). Male sex and increased body mass index (BMI) were identified as significant demographic risk factors, and long operative time was among the major significant procedure-related risk factors.ConclusionsMale sex, increased BMI, diabetes, smoking, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification of >2, low albumin level, low haemoglobin level, preoperative hospital stay, long operative time, emergency procedure, open surgical approach, increased wound class, intraoperative blood loss, perioperative infection, perioperative blood transfusion, and use of drains are potential independent risk factors for SSI following abdominal surgery.
Observational constraints on a logarithmic scalar field dark energy model and black hole mass evolution in the Universe
Authors: Wang Dan , Koussour M. , Malik Adnan , Myrzakulov N. , Mustafa G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe propose a logarithmic parametrization form of energy density for the scalar field dark energy in the framework of the standard theory of gravity, which supports the necessary transition from the decelerated to the accelerated behavior of the Universe. The model under consideration is constrained by available observational data, including cosmic chronometers data-sets (CC), Baryonic Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) data-sets, and Supernovae (SN) data-sets, consisting of only two parameters $$\alpha $$
α
and $$\beta $$
β
. The combined CC+BAO+SN data-sets yields a transition redshift of $$z_{tr}=0.79^{+0.02}_{-0.02}$$

z

tr

=
0
.

79

-
0.02

+
0.02

, where the model exhibits signature-flipping and is consistent with recent observations. For the combined data-sets, the present value of the deceleration parameter is calculated to be $$q_{0}=-0.43^{+0.06}_{-0.06}$$

q
0

=
-
0
.

43

-
0.06

+
0.06

. Furthermore, the analysis yields constraints on both the parameter density value for matter and the present value of the Hubble parameter, with values of $$\Omega _{m0}=0.25849^{+0.00026}_{-0.00025}$$

Ω

m
0

=
0
.

25849

-
0.00025

+
0.00026

and $$H_{0}=67.79_{-0.59}^{+0.59}$$

H
0

=
67
.

79

-
0.59

+
0.59

km/s/Mpc, respectively, consistent with the results obtained from Planck 2018. Finally, the study investigates how the mass of a black hole evolves over time in a Universe with both matter and dark energy. It reveals that the black hole mass increases initially but stops increasing as dark energy dominates.
NUDT15 Haplotypes and Diplotypes Predict Thiopurine-Induced Leukopenia and the Influence of Prolonged Exposure to Azathioprine on Hematologic Indices in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Jiang Wenyu , Wu Shasha , Lu Meijiao , Tian Jiahui , Cui Xiufang , Mao Xiaqiong , Jiao Chunhua , Tang Nana , Ma Jingjing , Zhang Hongjie 
Published: July 2023

Background. NUDT15 gene polymorphisms have been identified to predispose Asian patients with an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to thiopurine-induced leukopenia. This study predicted the influence of NUDT15 haplotypes and diplotypes on azathioprine (AZA)-induced leukopenia as well as the long-term influence of AZA on hematologic parameters in IBD. Methods. 194 IBD patients were tested for NUDT15 genotypes. We collected clinical data of 80 patients with AZA treatment including adverse events, dosage, white blood cell (WBC) count, platelet (PLT) count, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) after AZA initiation. Patients without adverse events and drug withdrawal were followed up for at least one year. The relationship between NUDT15 haplotypes and diplotypes and leukopenia was analyzed. Results. The haplotypes NUDT15 c.415C > T and c.36_37insGGAGTC as well as the diplotypes NUDT15

∗

1/

∗

2,

∗

3/

∗

3, and

∗

3/

∗

5 were significantly associated with AZA-induced leukopenia. Only one patient with NUDT15 c.52G > A experienced leukopenia. NUDT15

∗

1/

∗

3 was not associated with leukopenia. After AZA initiation, the WBC count showed a downward trend in both wild types and mutants. The mean of WBC count in the mutant group at 1st month after AZA initiation was lower than that in the wild-type group (

P
=
0.006

). The MCV increased gradually in mutant cases (

P
=
0.039

), and the differences were obvious at 6th and 12th months compared with the baseline (

P
=
0.014

a
n
d

P
=
0.042

, respectively). The PLT count showed a decreasing trend in the mutant group, but there was no difference until 11 months after initiating treatment (

P
=
0.023

). The final dose of AZA in the NUDT15 mutant group was significantly lower than that in the wild-type group (

P
=
0.006

). Conclusion. NUDT15 polymorphisms may be an appropriate predictor of AZA abnormal hematologic indices in IBD patients. It is necessary for IBD patients to monitor hematological indices and optimize AZA therapy.
Microsurgical Varicocelectomy: Experience of Our Sub-Subinguinal Approach and Review of the Literature
Authors: Liu Hanchao , Chen Rui , Wu Xiaolong , Zhang Mingxiao , Li Zhengzheng , Hua Lin , Zhan Junfeng , Dong Biao , Wang Zhenqing , Sun Zhuolun , Li Xiaotao , Liu Jiaqin , Wang Xiaodong , Shen Ming , Xie Chong , Jiang Zhuanxin 
Published: July 2023

Objective. To discuss the experience with a novel surgical approach in the treatment of varicocele for fertility or pain in 772 patients. Methods. Retrospective analysis of 772 patients undergoing microsurgical sub-subinguinal (SSI) varicocelectomy in our hospital and the discussion of historical surgical approaches. Results. A total of 690 patients with left varicocele underwent surgical treatment for infertility (n = 519) and pain (n = 171). The sperm concentrations (mean ± standard deviation (SD)) of 519 patients measured preoperatively, 6 months postoperatively, and 12 months postoperatively were 19.24 ± 3.69 (106/ml), 27.42 ± 10.32 (106/ml), and 34.20 ± 16.29 (106/ml) (

∗
∗

P
<
0.01

), respectively. The sperm motilities (mean ± SD) of 519 patients measured preoperatively, 6 months postoperatively, and 12 months postoperatively were 13.78 ± 3.25, 20.98 ± 8.21, and 27.59 ± 13.71 (grade (a + b) %) (

∗
∗

P
<
0.01

), respectively. Pain was released surgically in 131 (76.6%) of the 171 patients. A total of 82 patients with bilateral varicocele underwent surgical treatment for infertility (n = 58) and pain (n = 24). The sperm concentrations (mean ± SD) of 58 patients measured preoperatively, 6 months postoperatively, and 12 months postoperatively were 19.21 ± 3.24 (106/ml), 27.36 ± 10.26 (106/ml), and 33.87 ± 15.20 (106/ml) (

∗
∗

P
<
0.01

), respectively. The sperm motilities (mean ± SD) of 58 patients measured preoperatively, 6 months postoperatively, and 12 months postoperatively were 13.54 ± 2.75, 20.75 ± 8.21, and 28.53 ± 14.83 (grade (a + b) %) (

∗
∗

P
<
0.01

), respectively. Pain was released surgically in 19 (79.2%) of the 24 patients. The probability of occurrence in one artery, two arteries, three arteries, and more than three arteries was 29.5%, 28.8%, 19.9%, and 1.9%, respectively. Conclusion. This surgical approach achieves a small and esthetic skin wound with fewer complications. The SSI approach is a safe and widely adopted surgical approach option for the treatment of varicocele.
Poetry as Philosophy in Song-Dynasty Chan Buddhist Discourse
Authors: Heine Steven 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper examines ways leading Song-dynasty Chan teachers, especially Cishou Huaishen 慈受懷深 (1077–1132), a prominent poet-monk (shiseng 詩僧) and temple abbot from the Yunmen lineage, transform the intricate rhetorical techniques of Chinese poetry in order to explicate the relationship between an experience of spiritual realization beyond language and logic and the ethical decision-making of everyday life that is inspired by transcendent principles. Huaishen’s poetry expresses didactic Buddhist doctrines showing how an awareness of nonduality and the surpassing of all conceptual boundaries and categories can and must be applied to negotiating moral choices in concrete everyday situations that are either conducive or detrimental to the attainment of enlightenment. My main argument is that Song Chan discourse does not lead to antinomianism or an indifference to the conflicts of the mundane world but, instead, features an ethical approach for determining an aspirant’s degree of illumination. This function is central to the school’s overall teaching mission of assisting those seeking to overcome their egocentric delusions by realizing the benefits of Chan insight.
Hurricane Observations by Uncrewed Systems
Authors: Zhang Chidong , Foltz Gregory R. , Chiodi Andy M. , Mordy Calvin W. , Edwards Catherine R. , Meinig Christian , Zhang Dongxiao , Mazza Edoardo , Cokelet Edward D. , Burger Eugene F. , Bringas Francis , Goni Gustavo J. , Hristova Hristina G. , Kim Hyun-Sook , Trinanes Joaquin A. , Zhang Jun A. , Bailey Kathleen E. , O’Brien Kevin M. , Morales-Caez Maria , Lawrence-Slavas Noah , Jenkins Richard , Chen Shuyi S. , Chen Xingchao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
On 30 September 2021, a saildrone uncrewed surface vehicle (USV) was steered into category 4 Hurricane Sam, the most intense storm of the 2021 Atlantic hurricane season. It measured significant wave heights up to 14 m (maximum wave height = 27 m) and near-surface winds exceeding 55 m s−1. This was the first time in more than seven decades of hurricane observations that in real time a USV transmitted scientific data, images, and videos of the dynamic ocean surface near a hurricane’s eyewall. The saildrone was part of a five-saildrone deployment of the NOAA 2021 Atlantic Hurricane Observations Mission. These saildrones observed the atmospheric and oceanic near-surface conditions of five other tropical storms, of which two became hurricanes. Such observations inside tropical cyclones help to advance the understanding and prediction of hurricanes, with the ultimate goal of saving lives and protecting property. The 2021 deployment pioneered a new practice of coordinating measurements by saildrones, underwater gliders, and airborne dropsondes to make simultaneous and near-collocated observations of the air–sea interface, the ocean immediately below, and the atmosphere immediately above. This experimental deployment opened the door to a new era of using remotely piloted uncrewed systems to observe one of the most extreme phenomena on Earth in a way previously impossible. This article provides an overview of this saildrone hurricane observations mission, describes how the saildrones were coordinated with other observing platforms, presents preliminary scientific results from these observations to demonstrate their potential utility and motivate further data analysis, and offers a vision of future hurricane observations using combined uncrewed platforms.
Trends in Natural Decannulation in Patients with Robin Sequence: A Twenty-five Year Retrospective Review
Authors: Magge Hari N. , Schild Sam D. , Mantilla-Rivas Esperanza , Landry Evie C. , Afsar Nina M. , Behzadpour Hengameh K. , Manrique Monica , Rana Md Sohel , Oh Albert K. , Reilly Brian K. 
Published: July 2023

Objective: Robin sequence (RS) consists of micrognathia and glossoptosis that result in upper airway obstruction (UAO). In RS patients who undergo tracheostomy, long-term goals include natural decannulation (ND) without further surgical airway intervention. The objective of this study was to identify long-term trends in the rate and length of time to ND. Methods: Retrospective chart review on 144 patients with RS treated from 1995 to 2020 at a pediatric tertiary care center. Patients were grouped by year of tracheostomy. Demographic data, UAO management, postoperative care, complications, and time to decannulation were recorded. Results: Thirty-six patients met the inclusion criteria. Tracheostomy was performed at a median age of 45.5 days. 19 (53%) patients experienced ND at a median time of 66.1 months. ND rate was higher in non-syndromic patients (93% non-syndromic vs 27% syndromic; P < .0001) and during the first study period (1995-2006: 78%, 2007-2020: 28%; P = .003). Cox proportional-hazard regression demonstrated that white race [aHR 0.15 (0.03-0.8); P = .023] and higher birthweight [aHR 0.9 (0.8-0.98); P = .018] were associated with a higher likelihood of ND while a syndromic diagnosis had a negative association with ND [aHR 12.5 (3.3-50.0); P < .001]. Conclusions: Our study documented that ND in patients with RS who underwent tracheostomy was significantly associated with ethnicity, birthweight, and syndromic status. The negative impact on successful ND was most observed in patients with syndromic associations. Additionally, ND rates are lower in the 2007 to 2020 subgroup. We suspect this is because alternative management techniques such as tongue lip adhesion and mandibular distraction osteogenesis became primary surgical treatment in severe RS upper airway obstruction at our institution starting in 2007.
Use of methylene blue and a spring microcoil in the preoperative localization of small pulmonary nodules under CT guidance: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Mengchen , Yu Yikang , Li Lu , Qian Chenfeng 
Published: July 2023

Objective Methylene blue (MB) and spring microcoils are used for the preoperative localization of small pulmonary nodules (SPNs). We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of these methods using published data. Methods We identified randomized controlled trials and observational studies that assessed preoperative SPN localization using MB or spring microcoil and compared these using a meta-analysis. Results Seven studies of 933 patients were identified, in whom 1081 SPNs were located. Four hundred twenty-four SPNs were located using MB (n = 359 participants), and 657 SPNs were located using the spring microcoil method (n = 574 participants). The prevalence of technical success of SPN localization was higher using MB (mean deviation [MD]: 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20, 0.93); the incidence of postoperative complications was lower (MD: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.65); and the time taken for removal was longer (MD: −12.37; 95% CI: −22.60, −2.13). There were no differences with respect to the successful wedge resection rate, the time taken for localization, the duration of the procedure, or the mean hospital stay. Conclusions Both methods can detect SPNs; however, MB is associated with a higher success rate and fewer postoperative complications, while spring microcoil localization is associated with more rapid removal.
Two patients with fluoropyrimidine overdose successfully managed without uridine triacetate
Authors: Kats Chantal JAR , Jochems Anouk , Jeurissen Frank JF , Ledeboer Aletta , van den Berg Roland B 
Published: July 2023

Introduction In this case report we describe two patients with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) overdose due to an unintentional increased infusion rate in which treatment with uridine triacetate was considered. Where previous case reports focus on the use of uridine triacetate in case of toxicity, this case report shows why it should be considered to abstain from the use of uridine triacetate. Case reports The first patient is a 71-year-old woman who received 1200 mg/m2 5-FU in 2 h instead of 23 h. The second patient is a 74-year-old woman who received 2600 mg/m2 5-FU in 13 h instead of 24 h. The DPYD genotype of both patients was tested before the start of therapy and was found to be normal. Management & Outcome Both patients received best supportive care and were admitted to the intensive care unit for monitoring of acute manifestations of toxicity. The first patient did not develop toxicity. The second patient did develop toxicity, but recovered completely. Discussion The rationale for abstaining from the use of uridine triacetate was the inadequacy of evidence backing its clinical and cost-effectiveness and the fact that uridine triacetate is not registered for the use in the European Union. Comparison of clinical outcomes of the already published open-label cohort with clinical outcomes of a comparable, well-described, best supportive care cohort is required before the added value of uridine triacetate can be determined. In addition, there is a need for a valid predictor of toxicity after fluoropyrimidine overdose.
Specificity of a pancreatic lipase point-of-care test and agreement with pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity in cats without clinical evidence of pancreatitis
Authors: Xenoulis Panagiotis G , Moraiti Katerina T , Spanou Victoria M , Chatzis Manolis K , Kokkinaki Kassiopi CG , Saridomichelakis Manolis N , Steiner Jörg M 
Published: July 2023

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the specificity of a rapid point-of-care test for the estimation of feline pancreatic lipase (SNAP fPL) in healthy and sick cats without clinical evidence of pancreatitis. A second objective was to evaluate the agreement between SNAP fPL and serum pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI), as measured by Spec fPL. Methods A total of 150 cats were prospectively enrolled into this study. Of them, 82 cats were healthy while 68 cats had various diseases but no clinical signs (eg, anorexia, depression, vomiting) raising a suspicion of pancreatitis. Results SNAP fPL was normal in 133/150 cats (specificity 89%) without obvious clinical pancreatitis. SNAP fPL was normal in 74/82 healthy cats (specificity 90%) and in 59/68 cats that were sick but without typical signs of pancreatitis (specificity 87%). The agreement between SNAP fPL and Spec fPL was substantial (k = 0.64) in healthy cats and almost perfect (k = 0.93) in sick cats. The overall agreement between SNAP fPL and Spec fPL was almost perfect (k = 0.81). Conclusions and relevance The specificity of SNAP fPL in this group of cats was high. There was a substantial and almost perfect agreement between the SNAP fPL and Spec fPL in healthy cats and sick cats without suspected pancreatitis, respectively. In the small percentage of cats with abnormal SNAP fPL and/or Spec fPL results, the possibility of subclinical pancreatitis cannot be excluded.
New Zealand is “racist as f**k”: Linguistic racism and te reo Māori
Authors: May Stephen 
Published: July 2023

A key feature of the confluence of modern nation-state formation and colonization has been the marginalization and denigration of minoritized language varieties, particularly Indigenous languages, over time. Indigenous languages have been actively proscribed in public language domains, such as education, leading to their inevitable shift and loss, in settler-colonial contexts worldwide. This process of linguistic hierarchization has long been recognized in the sociology of language and the sociology of nationalism but the overt and covert linguistic racism attendant upon it had remained relatively under-explored. Recent discussions within sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology, however, have addressed this lacuna, particularly through the development of raciolinguistics as a theoretical framework. Linguistic racism, a form of cultural racism, uses discursive constructions of language use and related linguistic hierarchies as a proxy for the racialized discrimination and subordination of Indigenous peoples and other minoritized ethnic groups. Here, I explore discourses of linguistic racism by Pākehā (White) New Zealanders in Aotearoa New Zealand toward te reo Māori, the Indigenous Māori language, in everyday discourses and the media. I focus particularly on the public contestation of the increasing normalization of te reo Māori in contemporary New Zealand society, the result of the successes of the last 40 years of Māori language revitalization, via both overt and covert forms of linguistic racism toward te reo Māori. These discourses act in defense of English monolingualism, the direct linguistic legacy of New Zealand’s settler-colonial history, along with the privileges this history has provided for White, monolingual English-speaking New Zealanders. Interestingly, the racialized opposition to te reo Māori is most evident among older, White New Zealanders. This suggests the potential for change among younger New Zealanders and New Zealand’s increasingly diverse migrant population, both of whom appear more open to the ongoing development of societal bilingualism in English and te reo Māori.
Factors influencing social prescribing initiatives: a systematic review of qualitative evidence
Authors: Ebrahimoghli R , Pezeshki MZ , Farajzadeh P , Arab-Zozani M , Mehrtak M , Alizadeh M 
Published: July 2023

Aims: Social prescribing is a growing health policy agenda to improve the quality and effectiveness of health systems. However, systematically collected knowledge on factors influencing the effective implementation of SP is scarce. A systematic review was conducted to identify and categorize factors influencing social prescribing initiatives. Methods: A search of three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Knowledge) was carried out to retrieve studies from inception to May 2022, supplemented by grey literature searching and snowballing of the relevant references. The inclusion criteria were original empirical research, qualitative data collection, and a description of factors affecting social prescribing initiatives. Study quality was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. We categorized the results of individual studies using a narrative approach. Results: A total of 23 studies were included for analysis. Along with patient-related factors (patient-centeredness, clinical complexity, perception, knowledge), three main settings of social prescribing initiatives (including healthcare providers, link workers, and voluntary and community sectors) are affected by (1) individual characteristics (knowledge, perception, skill mix); (2) interpersonal relations (collaboration, trust, feedback, supportive climate, follow-up, sustained connection, peer support within and across sectors); (3) organizational contingencies (resource adequacy, staffing, training, role description, continuity of support, caseload management, monitoring, affordability, accessibility, referral criteria, and tailored support); and (4) political context (national policy and guidance, stewardship, planning, cocreation, bureaucracy, economic condition, and the number of support organizations). Conclusion: Many factors influencing social prescribing initiatives were identified. The results of this review can be applied by different stakeholders of social prescribing to guide development, implementation, description, and evaluation.