bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An inflationary disk phase to explain extended protoplanetary dust disks
Authors: Marschall Raphael , Morbidelli Alessandro 
Published: July 2023

Context. Understanding planetesimal formation is an essential first step towards understanding planet formation. The distribution of these first solid bodies drives the locations where planetary embryos, which eventually form fully-fledged planets, grow.
Aims. We seek to understand the parameter space of possible protoplanetary disk formation and evolution models of our Solar System. A good protoplanetary disk scenario for the Solar System must meet at least the following three criteria: (1) It must produce an extended gas and dust disk (e.g. 45 au for the dust); (2) within the disk, the local dust-to-gas ratio in at least two distinct locations must sufficiently increase to explain the early formation of the parent bodies of non-carbonaceous and carbonaceous iron meteorites; and (3) dust particles, which have condensed at high temperatures (i.e. calcium–aluminium-rich inclusions), must be transported to the outer disk. Though current protoplanetary disk models are able to satisfy one or two of these criteria, none have been successful in recreating all three. We aim to find scenarios that satisfy all three.
Methods. In this study we used a 1D disk model that tracks the evolution of the gas and dust disks. Planetesimals are formed within the disk at locations where the streaming instability can be triggered. We explored a large parameter space to study the effect of the disk viscosity, the timescale of infall of material into the disk, the distance within which material is deposited into the disk, and the fragmentation threshold of dust particles.
Results. We find that scenarios with a large initial disk viscosity (α > 0.05), a relatively short infall timescale (Tinfall < 100–200kyr), and a small centrifugal radius (RC ~ 0.4 au; i.e. the distance within which material falls into the disk) result in disks that satisfy all three criteria needed to represent the protoplanetary disk of the Solar System. The large initial viscosity and short infall timescale result in a rapid initial expansion of the disk, which we dub the ‘inflationary phase’ of the disk. Furthermore, a temperature-dependent fragmentation threshold, which accounts for cold icy particles breaking more easily, results in larger and more massive disks. This, in turn, results in more ‘icy’ than ‘rocky’ planetesimals. Such scenarios are also better in line with our Solar System, which has small terrestrial planets and massive giant planet cores. Finally, we find that scenarios with large RC cannot transport calcium–aluminium-rich inclusions to the outer disk and do not produce planetesimals at two locations within the disk.
A Combination of Ex Vivo and In Vivo Strategies for Evaluating How Much New Oral Anticoagulants Exacerbate Experimental Intracerebral Bleeding
Authors: Mourão Paulo A. S. , Fonseca Roberto J. C. , Ferreira Juliana R. P. , Sucupira Isabela D. , Carvalho Gabriella M. C. , Paiva Fernando F. , Pimentel-Coelho Pedro M. , Rosado-de-Castro Paulo H. 
Published: July 2023

Background Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most serious complication of anticoagulant therapy but the effects of different types of oral anticoagulants on the expansion of these hemorrhages are still unclear. Clinical studies have revealed controversial results; more robust and long-term clinical evaluations are necessary to define their outcomes. An alternative is to test the effect of these drugs in experimental models of intracerebral bleeding induced in animals.
Aims To test new oral anticoagulants (dabigatran etexilate, rivaroxaban, and apixaban) in an experimental model of intracerebral hemorrhage induced by collagenase injection into the brain striatum of rats. Warfarin was used for comparison.
Methods Ex vivo anticoagulant assays and an experimental model of venous thrombosis were employed to determine the doses and periods of time required for the anticoagulants to achieve their maximum effects. Subsequently, volumes of brain hematoma were evaluated after administration of the anticoagulants, using these same parameters. Volumes of brain hematoma were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging, H&E (hematoxylin and eosin) staining, and Evans blue extravasation. Neuromotor function was assessed by the elevated body swing test.
Results and Conclusions The new oral anticoagulants did not increase intracranial bleeding compared with control animals, while warfarin markedly favored expansion of the hematomas, as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging and H&E staining. Dabigatran etexilate caused a modest but statistically significant increase in Evans blue extravasation. We did not observe significant differences in elevated body swing tests among the experimental groups. The new oral anticoagulants may provide a better control over a brain hemorrhage than warfarin.
Pattern of Surgical Diseases Affecting Females in a Teaching Hospital in Central India: A Demographic Study
Authors: Khan Shehtaj , Bansal Vishal , Goyal Sakshi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction Despite progress in eliminating the social and health disparity between men and women during the last century, gender equality remains an elusive goal, particularly in the developing world. This gender-based bias has been found to directly result into poor health outcome in females. Hence, it is vital to know the number and pattern of surgical diseases affecting females in any setup, so as to improve their admission rates and reach out to this neglected half of population.
Materials and Methods This was a demographic study done at a teaching hospital in Central India from January to June 2020. Data of patients discharged from female surgery ward were collected from medical record department. Age, diagnosis, urban–rural distribution, and length of hospital stay of patients were noted, and data were analyzed statistically.
Results A total of 187 patient records were studied, which revealed that the mean age of the patients was 40.35 years; maximum patients were of gastrointestinal surgery (53.42%) in which the most common diagnosis was cholelithiasis (25.13%). Urological diseases (15.50%), breast diseases (12.83%), perianal disease (9.09%), and thyroid diseases (5.34%) were found in decreasing order of frequency. Overall hospital stays of patients ranged from 1 to 14 days with average stay of 6.35 days.
Conclusion In our study, cholelithiasis was found to be the most common surgically treated disease followed by urological diseases. Breast symptoms, although commonly affecting females, did not turn into admissions as there remains a social taboo attached to it. Breast cancer still presents late, despite being the most common cancer in females in India. Approximately 65% patients were discharged within first 5 days of their admission, which indicates good hospital care and improves patient satisfaction levels. Still there is greater need for public health efforts to improve the monitoring, safety, and availability of surgical services to female patients.
Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation Threshold for Successful Open Surgery of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex
Authors: Feitz Reinier , Kooij Yara E. van , Oest Mark J. W. van der , Souer J Sebastiaan , Hovius Steven E. R. , Selles Ruud W. ,   the Hand–Wrist Study Group
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose To determine thresholds in patient-reported outcome measures at baseline in patients electing to undergo triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) surgery to select patients with clinically improved outcomes.
Methods The study cohort comprised consecutive patients who underwent open TFCC repair between December 2011 and December 2018 in various clinics in the Netherlands. All patients were asked to complete the patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE) questionnaire at baseline as well as at 12 months postoperatively. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the PRWE was calculated to be 24 using an anchor-based method. We compared patient, disease, and surgical characteristics between patients who did and did not reach the MCID. The t-tests and chi-square tests were undertaken to test differences between outcomes and satisfaction in patients who did or did not reach the MCID.
Results Patients (34%) who did not reach MCID had a longer history of complaints. The chances of reaching the MCID for patients with a low PRWE score at baseline were slim. Of patients with a PRWE score <34 at baseline, only 14% reached the MCID, whereas in patients with a PRWE score of ≥34, 69% reached the MCID.
Conclusion A PRWE total score at baseline <34 is a strong signal to reconsider open surgery of the TFCC because the chance of reaching a clinically meaningful outcome is slim.
Level of Evidence II.
Type of Study Therapeutic.
The impact of network social presence on live streaming viewers’ social support willingness: a moderated mediation model
Authors: You Zhenwu , Wang Meng , Shamu Yangjin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWith the accelerating development of social networks and the popularization of intelligent personal communication devices, live streaming has provided fluid experiences in time and space for the Chinese people, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Live streaming has enabled the real-time communication and interaction between viewer and live host, and has created a range of live hosts and new forms of business models due to the affordance of virtual currencies and gift reward mechanisms featured on live streaming platforms. Based on a questionnaire survey of 515 live viewers, this study examines the impact of the viewers’ network social presence on social support willingness and analyzes the roles of parasocial interaction and emotional response. The study reveals that network social presence has a direct positive impact on emotional, instrumental, and economic support willingness. Additionally, parasocial interaction plays a mediating role in the impact of network social presence on emotional, instrumental, and economic support willingness. Furthermore, the higher the degree of emotional response, the stronger the mediating effect of parasocial interaction on the relationship between network social presence and instrumental support willingness. Findings shed light on the potential intermediate mechanism and the boundary conditions of the influence of network social presence on the social support willingness of viewers, providing new insights on promoting the relationships between live hosts and viewers on live broadcast platforms.
Picking winners in strategic emerging industries using government subsidies in China: the role of market power
Authors: Shi Junguo , Sadowski Bert M. , Zeng Xinru , Dou Shanshan , Xiong Jie , Song Qiuya , Li Sihan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study explores the effects of government subsidies on company labour productivity in strategic emerging industries under conditions of market power in downstream and upstream markets. A sample of 1392 listed companies from emerging industries in China from 2006 to 2019 is used. Labour productivity will be lower in companies with high seller power. The positive effect of subsidies on labour productivity will be enhanced when firms possess higher seller power, whereas the positive effect of subsidies on labour productivity will be weakened when firms possess higher buyer power. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the role of market power is more evident for domestic enterprises compared to foreign investment companies. The mechanisms of picking winners based on government subsidies should take the effects brought by various degrees of market power into account.
High power DC and ns-pulsed 2 MV accelerator for light ions
Authors: Shornikov A. , Champagne A. E. , Walet R. C. , Mous D. J. W. 
Published: July 2023

High Voltage Engineering developed, built, and tested a unique 2 MV single-ended accelerator (SingletronTM) for light ions. The system combines a beam current of up to 2 mA for protons and helium in direct-current mode with nanosecond-pulsing capability. Compared to other chopper-buncher applications with Tandem accelerators, the single-ended accelerator increases the charge per bunch by about a factor of 8. The all-solid-state Singletron 2 MV power supplyTM supports high-current operation and features a large dynamic range of the terminal voltage and good transient performance to support the high-current operation. The terminal accommodates an in-house developed 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source and a chopping-bunching system. The latter features phase-locked loop stabilization and temperature compensation of the excitation voltage and its phase. The chopping bunching system further features the selection of hydrogen, deuterium, and helium as well as a pulse repetition rate, ranging from 125 kHz to 4 MHz, that are fully computer controlled. In the testing phase, the system demonstrated smooth operation for 2 mA proton and helium beams at terminal voltages from 0.5 to 2.0 MV, and somewhat reduced current at a voltage down to 250 kV. In pulsing mode, pulses with a full width at half maximum of 2.0 ns reached a peak current of ∼10 and ∼5.0 mA for protons and helium, respectively. This is equivalent to a pulse charge of about 20 and 10 pC. Applications range from various fields requiring direct current at multi-mA levels and MV light ions, including nuclear astrophysics research, boron neutron capture therapy, and deep implantation for semiconductor applications.
High-absorbance resonant-cavity-enhanced free-standing Ge photodetector for infrared detection at 1550 nm wavelength
Authors: Hsu Ching-Yu , Pei Zingway , Liu Jia-Ming 
Published: July 2023

A novel free-standing resonant-cavity-enhanced (RCE) Ge thin-film absorber is designed with a bottom distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) for infrared photodetection at 1550 nm wavelength based on a Si substrate. The free-standing structure offers a high degree of freedom in optimizing the number of periods, the layer arrangement, and the thickness of each layer of the DBR. A SiO2/Si DBR that is compatible with Si processing technology is used on the bottom of the Ge thin film to construct the RCE structure. Based on our theoretical study, the SiO2 low-index layer must be placed next to the Ge layer to utilize the large difference in the refractive indices between SiO2 and Ge to achieve high reflectance for the DBR. In this design, the structure can reach an absorbance of 85.90% with a DBR of three periods on the bottom and an antireflective oxide layer on the top surface of the Ge layer. Without the antireflective oxide layer, the absorbance is increased to 99.17%. The design paves the way for high-responsivity Ge infrared photodetectors in Si-based photonic systems.
Structural, defect, transport, and solution properties of Li2GeO3
Authors: Pathmanathan Kowthaman , Iyngaran Poobalasuntharam , Kuganathan Navaratnarajah 
Published: July 2023

Development of rechargeable batteries for electronic appliances requires advancement of synthesizing new anode, cathode, and electrolyte materials. Li2GeO3 is a candidate anode material for use in lithium ion batteries owing to its fast Li-ion conductivity. Using advanced computational simulation techniques based on the classical potentials, we investigate the defect, diffusion, and dopant properties of Li2GeO3. Our simulation finds that the minimum energy defect process is the Li-Frenkel. The Li–Ge anti-site defect cluster is higher in energy by 0.45 eV than the Li-Frenkel. The long-range Li diffusion pathway is along the c-direction with an activation energy of 0.36 eV agreeing with the experimental observation. The most promising isovalent dopants on the Li and the Ge sites are the Na and the Si, respectively. Furthermore, the formation of lithium interstitials and oxygen vacancies can be experimentally verified by doping of Al3+ on the Ge site.
Enhancing photodetection performance of UV photodetectors with stacked Pt/NiO dual capping layers on IGZO thin-film transistors
Authors: Ko Rong-Ming , Wang Shui-Jinn , Huang Sin-Jhih , Wu Chien-Hung , Chen Wei-Han , Cheng Hao-Che 
Published: July 2023

This paper proposes a solution to mitigate the trade-off between dark and photocurrents in the indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin-film transistor (TFT) applications, such as ultraviolet photodetectors, by using a stacked Pt/NiO dual capping layer (CL). The Pt CL forms a Schottky contact with the IGZO channel, which maximizes the depletion width on the channel layer and allows the use of a thicker channel to suppress both dark current and channel resistance. On the other hand, the NiO CL forms a pn heterojunction with the IGZO channel, which provides additional space for generating electron–hole pairs and is forward biased by the photovoltaic voltage under UV irradiation, resulting in a further negative shift in the threshold voltage and a significant increase in photocurrent. Experimental results show that the proposed CL scheme exhibits excellent photoresponsivity, photosensitivity, and specific detectivity in a 40 nm-thick IGZO TFT, with the values of 1888 A/W, 3.37 × 108 A/A, and 3.99 × 1016 Jones, respectively, which are about 55%, 83%, and 68% higher than a traditional 30 nm-thick IGZO TFT using only NiO CL under 275 nm UV irradiation.
Enhanced electrical conductivity and lithium ion diffusion rate of LiFePO4 by Fe site and P site doping
Authors: Jiao L. X. , Li Z. Q. , Zhu Y. Z. , Wei Z. , Liang Y. , Wang X. L. , Cui Y. , Zhang Z. H. , He M. , Song Bo 
Published: July 2023

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) with an olivine-type structure has garnered great interest due to its electrochemical activity. It is considered one of the most promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries because of its high discharge platform, large theoretical capacity, and excellent cycling performance and stability. However, the typical crystal structure of LiFePO4 restricts the formation of efficient electron conduction pathways and hampers the embedding and removal motion of lithium ions, resulting in low electron conductivity and a low ion diffusion rate. The experimental results show that element doping can reduce the activation energy of diffusion, increase the diffusion rate of lithium ions, improve the rate capability of lithium-ion batteries, and contribute to the improvement of its conductivity. In this work, the electronic structure and diffusion mechanism of a S/Co/Mn co-doped LiFePO4 system are systematically studied. The introduction of S, Co, and Mn atoms leads to the formation of impurity bands, resulting in a significant reduction in the bandgap from 3.593 eV to 0.190 eV, which is beneficial for improving the conductivity of LiFePO4. Moreover, the diffusion activation energy of lithium ions decreases from 0.73 eV to 0.34 eV, and the diffusion rate of lithium ions increases from 2.7 × 109 cm/s to 1.0 × 1016 cm/s. These results demonstrate that co-doping of S, Co, and Mn can effectively enhance the conductivity and diffusion rate of lithium ions in LiFePO4, providing a reliable reference for improving the electrochemical performance of lithium iron phosphate.
Systematics of the Ogyris aenone (Waterhouse, 1902) complex (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): threatened Australian butterflies of national conservation significance
Authors: Beaver Ethan P. , Braby Michael F. , Mikheyev Alexander S. 
Published: July 2023

The butterfly genus Ogyris Angas, 1847 consists of several striking but poorly resolved complexes endemic to Australia and New Guinea, many of which have an obligate association with ants. Here, we revise the systematics of the Ogyris aenone (Waterhouse, 1902) complex through an integrative taxonomic approach based on molecular phylogenetic analysis, morphological examination, life histories and ecology. Mitochondrial sequence data based on concatenated cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and cytochrome b (cytb) (total of 1203 bp) for 36 ingroup samples were generated and combined with sequences available on NCBI GenBank for Ogyris. Phylogenetic analysis inferred by maximum likelihood methods resolved five taxa within this group, with one taxon, Ogyris caelestia Beaver & Braby sp. nov., described as a new species and another, O. doddi stat. rev., raised to full species. Phylogenetic relationships among the five taxa are as follows: (O. caelestia + O. aenone) + (O. ianthis + (O. iphis + O. doddi)). This revision brings the number of recognised Ogyris species to 16 and for the tribe Ogyrini to 18. This group of butterflies was found to be scarce – field samples of host trees that had the co-occurrence of both mistletoe and the appropriate attendant ant at 12 locations in eastern and northern Australia revealed low rates of occupancy (<50%, with an overall average of 17%) based on the presence of immature stages of the five butterfly species. The complete life histories, general biology and ecology of all members of this species-group are illustrated and diagnosed for the first time and confusing aspects of the literature are clarified. Several taxa are of conservation significance, including the new species, and future directions are discussed in relation to this. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FC258ED6-AA1F-4E11-BFE1-D0A612E4F166
Gluing of Lorentzian length spaces and the causal ladder
Authors: Rott Felix 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We investigate the compatibility of Lorentzian amalgamation with various properties of Lorentzian pre-length spaces. In particular, we give conditions under which gluing of Lorentzian length spaces yields again a Lorentzian length space and we give criteria which preserve many steps of the causal ladder. We conclude with some thoughts on the causal properties which seem not so easily transferable.
A two-stage numerical approach for the sparse initial source identification of a diffusion–advection equation
*
Authors: Biccari Umberto , Song Yongcun , Yuan Xiaoming , Zuazua Enrique 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We consider the problem of identifying a sparse initial source condition to achieve a given state distribution of a diffusion–advection partial differential equation after a given final time. The initial condition is assumed to be a finite combination of Dirac measures. The locations and intensities of this initial condition are required to be identified. This problem is known to be exponentially ill-posed because of the strong diffusive and smoothing effects. We propose a two-stage numerical approach to treat this problem. At the first stage, to obtain a sparse initial condition with the desire of achieving the given state subject to a certain tolerance, we propose an optimal control problem involving sparsity-promoting and ill-posedness-avoiding terms in the cost functional, and introduce a generalized primal-dual algorithm for this optimal control problem. At the second stage, the initial condition obtained from the optimal control problem is further enhanced by identifying its locations and intensities in its representation of the combination of Dirac measures. This two-stage numerical approach is shown to be easily implementable and its efficiency in short time horizons is promisingly validated by the results of numerical experiments. Some discussions on long time horizons are also included.