bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban‐rural disparities in interfacility transfers for children during COVID‐19
Authors: McDaniel Corrie E. , Leyenaar JoAnna K. , Bryan Mersine A. , Test Matthew , Sullivan Erin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to identify temporal trends and differences in urban and rural pediatric interfacility transfers (IFTs) before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of IFT among children <18 years from January 2019 to June 2022 using the Pediatric Health Information System. The primary outcome was IFTs from general hospitals to referral children's hospitals. The primary exposure was patient rurality, defined by Rural‐Urban Commuting Area codes. We categorized IFTs into medical, surgical, and mental health diagnoses and analyzed trends by month. We calculated observed‐to‐expected (O‐E) ratios of pre‐pandemic (March 2019‐Feb 2020) transfers compared to pandemic year 1 (March 2020‐Feb 2021) and year 2 (March 2021‐February 2022) using Poisson modeling.FindingsOf 419,250 IFTs, 18.8% (n = 78,751) were experienced by rural‐residing children. The O‐E ratio of IFT in year 1 for urban children was 14.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 13.8, 14.2) and 14.8% (95% CI 14.4, 15.3) for rural children compared to pre‐pandemic (P = .0001). In year 2, transfers rebounded with IFTs for rural‐residing children increasing more than urban‐residing children (101.7% [95% CI 100.1, 103.4] compared to 90.7% [95% CI 89.0, 90.4], P < .0001). For mental‐health indications in year 2, rural transfer ratios were higher than urban, 126.8% (95% CI, 116.7, 137.6) compared to 113.7% (95% CI 109.9, 117.6), P = .0168.ConclusionsPediatric IFTs decreased dramatically during pandemic year 1. In year 2, while medical and surgical transfers continued to lag pre‐pandemic volumes, transfers for mental health indications significantly exceeded pre‐pandemic levels, particularly among rural‐residing children.
Patent pools and innovation‐based approach in global healthcare crisis
Authors: Priyan Sherin , Gargate Gouri 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDuring the COVID 2019 pandemic, the healthcare sector faced major jurisprudential questions about the intellectual property system. During this period, the world was in the midst of a healthcare crisis, wherein the debate between the reward for innovation versus accessibility to all at equitable rates have become intense. In a such challenging scenario, the scientific community were dedicated toward the research while the healthcare industry was indulging in arguments over the incentives on creation. In this paper, the authors, as IP researchers, argue that in a scenario where there is an intense dispute over innovation versus accessibility, probably patent pool can serve as a mechanism to handle the tussle. The authors have analyzed a few patent pool models that were chosen on the basis of the types of patents in the pool. Additionally, an attempt is made to scrutinize the laws governing patent pools in developed countries and developing countries. In doing so, the authors draw the benefits and limitations of the patent pools in healthcare. We follow a qualitative research methodology. The research is based on secondary data and has some limitations because of this.
Developing a scale for Japanese public health nurses supporting resident groups toward community‐building
Authors: Abe Akemi , Hatono Yoko , Teraoka Sawa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study developed a scale for public health nurses supporting resident groups toward community‐building and verified its reliability and validity.Design and SampleIn this cross‐sectional investigation, self‐administered questionnaires were distributed to 1,924 public health nurses in Japanese municipalities.MeasurementsThe questionnaire included items on the public health nurses’ demographic attributes, the developmental stage of the resident groups they supported, a draft scale, and an external criterion. Reliability was verified by calculating the alpha coefficient and test‐retest reliability. To clarify construct validity, we conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.ResultsWe analyzed 570 questionnaires. The scale was structured using 30 items covering four factors: “Creating opportunities to connect with community residents, other groups, and governments,” “Stimulating activities by improving organizational capacity,” “Promoting stable organizational management,” and “Providing opportunities to review community health issues and activities.” The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for this scale was 0.944. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.923 using test‐retest relativity. Correlations were noted for criterion‐related validity (r = 0.388, p < .01). Confirmatory factor analysis with structural equation modeling revealed a reasonable fit to the data.ConclusionsThe scale for public health nurses supporting resident groups toward community‐building was confirmed to be reliable and valid.
When do decision makers listen (less) to experts? The Swiss government's implementation of scientific advice during the COVID‐19 crisis
Authors: Eichenberger Steven , Varone Frédéric , Sciarini Pascal , Stähli Robin , Proulx Jessica 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnder which conditions do politicians listen to scientific experts in a crisis? This study addresses this question by assessing how the Swiss government implemented 186 policy recommendations formulated by the National COVID‐19 Science Task Force (STF) to combat the spread of the virus and alleviate its impact on the health system, society and economy during the first year of the pandemic. Results of multiple regression analyses show that the impact of problem pressure on the propensity of the government to implement experts' recommendations varies over time: it was considerably larger during spring 2020 than afterwards. We argue that this reflects a change in status of the STF during the second phase of the pandemic: it was distanced from the political‐strategic level of the crisis management organization and its epistemic authority was increasingly questioned by political parties and interest groups. Policy scholars should thus give more attention to how rapidly the government's propensity to rely on expert advice can change.
Interprofessional collaboration in a community virtual ward: A focus group study
Authors: Eines Trude Fløystad , Storm Marianne , Grønvik Cecilie Katrine Utheim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe problem of a lack of nurses is expected to worsen in the future. With an ever‐increasing number of elderly patients with multimorbidity and a shortage of healthcare professionals, primary care must innovatively organise their services to offer more sustainable healthcare services. Organising healthcare services in a community virtual ward has been found to improve the quality of life for vulnerable elderly populations.AimThe aim of the study was to explore healthcare professionals' experiences of interprofessional collaboration in care for patients with multimorbidity in a community virtual ward in the Norwegian context.MethodsFocus group interviews were conducted in this qualitative exploratory study. A purposive sample of 17 healthcare professionals working in a community virtual ward in Norway was interviewed. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe study results show that healthcare professionals recognise a need for patient involvement in the community virtual ward to offer more sustainable healthcare services at home. Furthermore, the results show how healthcare professionals experience the use of assessment tools and whiteboard meetings as useful tools for facilitating interprofessional collaboration. The study results also describe how interprofessional and holistic follow‐up with patients with multimorbidity contributes to increased focus on health promotion in the community virtual ward.ConclusionWe found that interprofessional collaboration in community virtual wards may be a sustainable way of organising healthcare services for patients with multimorbidity living at home. Interprofessional collaboration with a patient‐centred and health promotion approach, seems to increase the quality of the follow‐up for patients with multimorbidity living at home. Additionally, mutual interprofessional trust and respect seems to be essential for making use of the unique expertise of different professions in the follow‐up for patients with multimorbidity. In the future, both the patient's voice and opinion of their next of kin should be considered in the development of more sustainable homecare services.
Characteristics Associated with Reliability in Reporting of Contraceptive Use: Assessing the Reliability of the Contraceptive Calendar in Seven Countries
Authors: Anglewicz Philip , Sarnak Dana , Gemmill Alison , Becker Stan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough the reproductive calendar is the primary tool for measuring contraceptive dynamics in low‐income settings, the reliability of calendar data has seldom been evaluated, primarily due to the lack of longitudinal panel data. In this research, we evaluated the reproductive calendar using data from the Performance Monitoring for Action Project. We used population‐based longitudinal data from nine settings in seven countries: Burkina Faso, Nigeria (Kano and Lagos States), Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa and Kongo Central Provinces), Kenya, Uganda, Cote d'Ivoire, and India. To evaluate reliability, we compared the baseline cross‐sectional report of contraceptive use (overall and by contraceptive method), nonuse, or pregnancy with the retrospective reproductive calendar entry for the corresponding month, measured at follow‐up. We use multivariable regressions to identify characteristics associated with reliability or reporting. Overall, we find that the reliability of the calendar is in the “moderate/substantial” range for nearly all geographies and tests (Kappa statistics between 0.58 and 0.81). Measures of the complexity of the calendar (number of contraceptive use episodes, using the long‐acting method at baseline) are associated with reliability. We also find that women who were using contraception without their partners/husband's knowledge (i.e., covertly) were less likely to report reliably in several countries.
Favorable outcomes of COVID‐19 in vaccinated hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: A single‐center experience
Authors: Tan Jing Yuan , Wee Liang En , Tan Yi Hern , Conceicao Edwin Philip , Lim Francesca Wei Inng , Chen Yunxin , Than Hein , Quek Jeffrey Kim Siang , Nagarajan Chandramouli , Goh Yeow Tee , Hwang William Ying Khee , Phua Ghee Chee , Chung Shimin Jasmine , Tan Thuan Tong , Linn Yeh Ching , Ho Aloysius Yew Leng , Tan Ban Hock 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionA high incidence of mortality and severe COVID‐19 infection was reported in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients during the early phases of the COVID‐19 pandemic; however, outcomes with subsequent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants, such as the omicron variant, have yet to be reported. Additionally, rollout of COVID‐19 vaccinations in subsequent pandemic waves may modify COVID‐19 disease severity and mortality in this immunocompromised population. We describe COVID‐19 outcomes among a highly vaccinated population of HSCT recipients at a single center during successive waves of community transmission arising from the SARS‐CoV‐2 delta and omicron variants.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed medical records of all HSCT recipients at our institution who tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 from May 2021 to May 2022. Descriptive statistics were reported; the chi‐square test was utilized to identify factors associated with 90‐day all‐cause mortality and severity of COVID‐19 infection.ResultsOver the 1‐year study period, 77 HSCT recipients at our center contracted COVID‐19 (43 allogenic; 34 autologous). Twenty‐six (33.8%) patients were infected with the SARS‐CoV‐2 delta variant, while 51 (66.2%) had the SARS‐CoV‐2 omicron variant. Thirty‐nine (50.6%) patients required hospitalization. More than 80% had received prior COVID‐19 vaccination (57.1% with two doses, 27.3% with three doses). The majority (90.9%) had mild disease; only one (1.3%) patient required mechanical ventilation. Active hematological disease at time of COVID‐19 infection was associated with increased odds of mortality [odds ratio (OR) = 6.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.20–40]. The 90‐day all‐cause mortality was 7.8% (six patients). Infection with the omicron variant (vs. delta) was associated with less severe illness (OR = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.01–0.47) and decreased odds of mortality (OR = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.01–0.76). Being on immunosuppression (OR = 5.10, 95% CI = 1.10–23.60) and being unvaccinated at disease onset (OR = 14.76, 95% CI = 2.89–75.4) were associated with greater severity of COVID‐19 infection.ConclusionWe observed favorable outcomes with COVID‐19 infection in a cohort of vaccinated HSCT patients. The SARS‐CoV‐2 omicron variant was associated with both less severe illness and decreased odds of mortality. As COVID‐19 moves toward endemicity, early access to treatment and encouraging vaccination uptake is crucial in mitigating the challenge of COVID‐19 management among HSCT recipients. Surveillance and assessment of clinical outcomes with new SARS‐CoV‐2 variants also remains important in this immunocompromised population.
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How Do Adult-Oriented Coaching Practices Change Over Time and Correspond With Changes in Key Criterion Outcomes? An 8-Week Study
Authors: Motz Derrik , Young Bradley W. , Rathwell Scott , Callary Bettina 
Published: January 2023

The Adult-Oriented Sport Coaching Survey assesses how often coaches use practices tailored to adult and older adult athletes. Cross-sectionally, said practices contribute to a quality masters sport experience for masters athletes (MAs); however, the stability of adult-oriented coaching over time and whether changes in coaching over time correspond with psychosocial outcomes for MAs is unknown. Therefore, coaches (N = 32; Mage = 49.0) and MAs (N = 103; Mage = 51.5) completed the Adult-Oriented Sport Coaching Survey twice 8 weeks apart. MAs also completed criterion measures for facets of the coach–athlete relationship, basic needs satisfaction, and thwarting. Our first question was whether mean group values for adult-oriented coaching changed over time. Repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated stability of coaches’ and MAs’ scores. Our second question was whether changes in adult-oriented coaching corresponded with changes on criterion measures. Path analyses showed increased perceived frequency of adult-oriented coaching that, generally, was associated with enhancing three facets of the coach–athlete relationship, relatedness satisfaction, autonomy satisfaction, and reducing competency thwarting. The discussion centers on how adult-oriented coaching might facilitate quality sporting relationships, empowerment, and mastery in adult sport programming. These nonintervention results are interpreted with an eye toward considerations in future Adult-Oriented Sport Coaching Survey-based coaching interventions.
SMARTfit Dual-Task Exercise Improves Cognition and Physical Function in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: Results of a Community-Based Pilot Study
Authors: Jhaveri Sameer , Romanyk Matthew , Glatt Ryan , Satchidanand Nikhil 
Published: January 2023

Mild cognitive impairment is an intermediate state between the cognitive decline often experienced in normal aging and dementia that affects 15% of Americans over 65 years of age. Our communities have an opportunity to support the development and adoption of evidence-based programs to help older adults preserve cognition and physical function. In partnership with a local urban YMCA in an underserved, predominantly minority neighborhood, we tested the appeal and therapeutic benefits of SMARTfit training among older adults with mild cognitive impairment. The participants reported a positive training experience. After 12 weeks of dual-task training, Trail-Making Test and Stroop Color–Word Interference Test scores improved, as did scores on the Short Physical Performance Battery. Results of our SMARTfit dual-task training intervention are encouraging. Larger randomized controlled trials must further investigate the development, implementation, and therapeutic impacts of SMARTfit dual-task training on cognitive and physical function in aging.
Parents’ Experiences of Communication in Neonatal Care (PEC): a neonatal survey refined for real-time parent feedback
Authors: Sakonidou Susanna , Kotzamanis Sophia , Tallett Amy , Poots Alan J , Modi Neena , Bell Derek , Gale Chris 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveAssessing parent experiences of neonatal services can help improve quality of care; however, there is no formally evaluated UK instrument available to assess this prospectively. Our objective was to refine an existing retrospective survey for ‘real-time’ feedback.MethodsCo-led by a parent representative, we recruited a convenience sample of parents of infants in a London tertiary neonatal unit. Our steering group selected questions from the existing retrospective 61-question Picker survey (2014), added and revised questions assessing communication and parent involvement. We established face validity, ensuring questions adequately captured the topic, conducted parent cognitive interviews to evaluate parental understanding of questions,and adapted the survey in three revision cycles. We evaluated survey performance.ResultsThe revised Parents’ Experiences of Communication in Neonatal Care (PEC) survey contains 28 questions (10 new) focusing on communication and parent involvement. We cognitively interviewed six parents, and 67 parents completed 197 PEC surveys in the survey performance evaluation. Missing entries exceeded 5% for nine questions; we removed one and format-adjusted the rest as they had performed well during cognitive testing. There was strong inter-item correlation between two question pairs; however, all were retained as they individually assessed important concepts.ConclusionRevised from the original 61-question Picker survey, the 28-question PEC survey is the first UK instrument formally evaluated to assess parent experience while infants are still receiving neonatal care. Developed with parents, it focuses on communication and parent involvement, enabling continuous assessment and iterative improvement of family-centred interventions in neonatal care.
Chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia ameliorates vascular reactivity through upregulating adiponectin expression of PVAT in metabolic syndrome rats
Authors: Cui Fang , Mi Haichao , Guan Yue , Zhu Yan , Wang Ruotong , Tian Yanming , Yang Kaifan , Zhang Yi 
Published: January 2023

Cumulating evidence demonstrated that chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) had beneficial effects on the body. This study investigated the role of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in ameliorating effect of CIHH on vascular reactivity by adiponectin in mesenteric artery of metabolic syndrome (MS) rats. Main methods: 6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (CON), MS model, CIHH treatment, and MS + CIHH treatment group. The size of adipocytes in PVAT was measured by scanning electron microscopy. Serum adiponectin was measured. The microvessel recording technique was used to observe the effect of CIHH on contraction and relaxation in mesenteric artery rings. Also, the expressions of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, adiponectin, AdipoR1, AdipoR2, APPL1, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were assayed by Western blotting. Key findings: in MS rats, adipocyte size increased, serum adiponectin decreased, contraction reaction increased while relaxation reaction decreased, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was upregulated, while adiponectin was downregulated in PVAT, and the expressions of AdipoR1, AdipoR2, APPL, and phosphorylated-eNOS were downregulated in mesenteric artery. All aforementioned abnormalities of MS were ameliorated in MS + CIHH rats. We concluded that CIHH treatment improves vascular reactivity through upregulating adiponectin expression and downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokine expression of PVAT in MS rats.
Cluster time measurement with CEPC calorimeter
Authors: Che Yuzhi , Boudry Vincent , Videau Henri , He Muchen , Ruan Manqi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe have developed an algorithm dedicated to timing reconstruction in highly granular calorimeters (HGC). The performance of this algorithm is evaluated on an electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) with geometries comparable to the electromagnetic compartment (CE-E) of the CMS endcap calorimeter upgrade at HL-LHC and conceptual Particle Flow oriented ECAL’s for future Higgs factories. The time response of individual channel is parameterized according to the CMS experimental result (Akchurin et al. in Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect A Accel Spectrom Detect Assoc Equip 859:31, 2017). The particle Time-of-Flight (ToF) can be measured with a resolution of 5–20 ps for electromagnetic (EM) showers and 80–160 ps for hadronic showers above 1 GeV. The presented algorithm provides comparable reconstruction with the$$E_{\textrm{hit}}^2$$Ehit2weighting strategy and can significantly improve the time resolution compared to a simple averaging of the fast component of the time spectrum. The effects of three detector configurations are also quantified in this study. ToF resolution depends linearly on the timing resolution of a single silicon sensor and improves statistically with increasing incident particle energy. The timing layers at depth of 6–9 radiation lengths provide higher timing performance for EM showers. A clustering algorithm that vetoes isolated hits improves ToF resolution.
Assessment of photosensitization performance and stability of host-guest MCM-41 composites from the direct observation of singlet oxygen formation and properties
Authors: Chilingaryan Tatevik , Schlachter Adrien , Frochot Céline , Habermeyer B. , Harvey Pierre D. , Guilard Roger 
Published: January 2023

New heterogeneous porous materials based on 5,10,15,20-(tetraphenyl)porphyrin (H2TPP), 5,10,15,20-(tetra-N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin tetrachloride (H2TNMPyP), zinc(II) 5,10,15,20-(tetra-N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin tetrachloride (ZnTNMPyP), 5,10,15,20-(tetra-4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (H2TCPP) and zinc(II)5,10,15,20-(tetra-4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (ZnTCPP) have been incorporated into mesoporous silica MCM-41 from slow diffusion of solutions containing different concentrations of porphyrin chromophores. Successful incorporation of all porphyrins has been confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy and TGA. XRD patterns of these silica-based host-guest samples prove that the mesoporous structure of MCM-41 remains unchanged after encapsulation. The potential abilities of these photosensitizers to form singlet oxygen (1O[Formula: see text] at the solid state/air interface after light excitation were investigated. Despite the variable amount of encapsulated porphyrin derivatives (based on UV-vis assessment and chemical analysis), the phosphorescence intensity of 1O2 peak at 1270 nm remains relatively the same from one composite to the other meaning that the photosensitizers are mainly placed at the surface of the MCM-41 particles.