bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atopic dermatitis: Correlation of distinct risk factors with age of onset in adulthood compared to childhood
Authors: Maintz Laura , Schmitz Marie‐Therese , Herrmann Nadine , Müller Svenja , Havenith Regina , Brauer Juliette , Rhyner Claudio , Dreher Anita , Bersuch Eugen , Fehr Danielle , Hammel Gertrud , Reiger Matthias , Luschkova Daria , Neumann Avidan , Lang Claudia C. V. , Renner Ellen D. , Schmid‐Grendelmeier Peter , Traidl‐Hoffmann Claudia , Akdis Cezmi A. , Lauener Roger , Brüggen Marie‐Charlotte , Schmid Matthias , Bieber Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) has long been regarded as a primarily pediatric disease. However, there is growing evidence for a high rate of adult‐onset AD. We aimed to characterize factors associated with adult‐onset versus childhood‐onset AD and controls.MethodsWe analyzed cross‐sectional data of the CK‐CARE‐ProRaD cohorts Bonn, Augsburg, Davos, Zürich of 736 adult patients stratified by age of AD onset (childhood‐onset <18 years: 76.4% (subsets: 0 to 2; ≥2 to 6; ≥7 to 11; ≥12 to 18); adult‐onset ≥18 years: 23.6% (subsets: ≥18 to 40; ≥41 to 60; ≥61) and 167 controls (91 atopic, 76 non‐atopic)).ResultsWe identified active smoking to be associated with adult‐onset AD versus controls (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 5.54 [95% Confidence Interval: 1.06–29.01] vs. controlsnon‐atopic, aOR = 4.03 [1.20–13.45] vs. controlsatopic). Conjunctivitis showed a negative association versus controlsatopic (aOR = 0.36 [0.14–0.91]). Food allergy (aOR = 2.93 [1.44–5.96]), maternal food allergy (aOR = 9.43 [1.10–80.95]), palmar hyperlinearity (aOR = 2.11 [1.05–4.25]), and academic background (aOR = 2.14 [1.00–4.54]) increased the odds of childhood‐onset AD versus controlsatopic. Shared AD‐associated factors were maternal AD (4‐34x), increased IgE (2‐20x), atopic stigmata (2‐3x) with varying effect sizes depending on AD onset and control group. Patients with adult‐compared to childhood‐onset had doubled odds of allergic rhinitis (aOR = 2.15 [1.12–4.13]), but reduced odds to feature multiple (3–4) atopic comorbidities (aOR = 0.34 [0.14–0.84]). Adult‐onset AD, particularly onset ≥61 years, grouped mainly in clusters with low contributions of personal and familial atopy and high frequencies of physical inactivity, childhood‐onset AD, particularly infant‐onset, mainly in “high‐atopic”‐clusters.ConclusionsThe identified associated factors suggest partly varying endo‐ and exogeneous mechanisms underlying adult‐onset versus childhood‐onset AD. Our findings might contribute to better assessment of the individual risk to develop AD throughout life and encourage prevention by non‐smoking and physical activity as modifiable lifestyle factors.
The development of a rural breast reconstruction service: patient reported outcomes and benefits
Authors: Gunness Preeya , Hamilton Sam , Capstick Robert , Masters John , Toma Robert 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn 2021, breast cancer was one of the most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia. While a mastectomy remains a treatment of choice, only a small percentage of women have access to a breast reconstruction after. Women living in a rural area are less likely to have a breast reconstruction; compared to their metropolitan counterparts. This study analyses the impact of single breast reconstruction service on a Modified Monash 3 (MM3) region and informs consumers and providers of the importance of a breast reconstruction unit embedded in a rural health network. [Corrections added on 2 May 2023, after online publication. Expanded reference citations have been deleted from Abstract section.]MethodsFollowing ethics approval, all 64 patients who had undergone a breast reconstruction with this service between 2017 and 2021 were contacted. Patient reported outcomes were recorded through phone interviews, using a standardized questionnaire. For each patient that presented to the rural centre, cost of travel and productivity loss were also calculated, and compared to the closest metropolitan centre.ResultNinety‐seven percent of the 38 participants strongly valued having a breast reconstruction service within their community. Eighty percent of participants were satisfied with their result. Patients were estimated to save on average $8478, by attending the rural breast reconstruction service.ConclusionAccess to a breast reconstruction is significantly impacted by geographical barriers. A rural breast reconstruction service can improve patient access and satisfaction, while also reducing the financial burden on patients.
Surfactant administration during endotracheal CPAP: Feasibility, risk factors for failure and short‐term outcomes of DD‐SURF
Authors: Mense Lars , Hansmann Tim , Seipolt Barbara , Kaufmann Maxi , Rüdiger Mario 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimWhereas there is agreement that surfactant should be administered without mechanical ventilation, there is still a debate concerning the optimal method. DD‐SURF combines the benefits of INSURE and less invasive surfactant administration (LISA). The efficacy of this approach has not been evaluated yet.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of all preterm newborns below 300/7 weeks gestational age admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Data on surfactant therapy, respiratory support during the first 96 h of life and neonatal morbidities until hospital discharge were collected from the electronic patient charts to evaluate the efficacy and safety of our approach.ResultsIn total, 222 newborns met the inclusion criteria; 174 (78%) received surfactant in the delivery room by the DD‐SURF procedure and 21 infants (10%) were not extubated after surfactant administration (Surf‐and‐vent group). After DD‐SURF, 75% of patients did not require reintubation. Intraventricular haemorrhage and bronchopulmonary dysplasia occured more often in infants after DD‐SURF failure than after successful DD‐SURF.ConclusionDD‐SURF potentially combines the benefits of INSURE and LISA and represents a useful alternative of surfactant delivery with comparable success rates to thin‐catheter surfactant administration.
Adverse effect of PNPLA3 p.I148M genetic variant on kidney function in middle‐aged individuals with metabolic dysfunction
Authors: Mantovani Alessandro , Pelusi Serena , Margarita Sara , Malvestiti Francesco , Dell'Alma Michela , Bianco Cristiana , Ronzoni Luisa , Prati Daniele , Targher Giovanni , Valenti Luca 
Published: March 2023

SummaryBackgroundThe PNPLA3 p.I148M variant is the main genetic determinant of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and PNPLA3 silencing is being evaluated to treat this liver condition. Data suggest that the p.I148M variant predisposes to kidney damage, but the relative contribution to kidney function, compared to overall genetic susceptibility, is not defined.AimsWe aimed to assess the effect of PNPLA3 p.I148M on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in individuals with metabolic dysfunction.MethodsWe included 1144 middle‐aged individuals from the Liver‐Bible‐2022 cohort. Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. The effect of PNPLA3 p.I148M on eGFRCKD‐EPI levels was tested under additive genetic models adjusted for clinical predictors, ethnicity and a polygenic risk score of chronic kidney disease (PRS‐CKD). In a subset of 144 individuals, we examined the effect of PNPLA3 p.I148M on eGFRCKD‐EPI over a median follow‐up of 17 months.ResultsThe p.I148M variant was associated with lower eGFRCKD‐EPI levels (−1.24 mL/min/1.73 m2 per allele, 95% CI: −2.32 to −0.17; p = 0.023), independent of age, sex, height, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, LDL‐cholesterol, transaminases, fasting insulin, albuminuria, lipid‐lowering drugs, ethnicity and PRS‐CKD score. In the prospective evaluation, the p.I148M variant was independently associated with faster eGFRCKD‐EPI decline (ΔeGFRCKD‐EPI −3.57 mL/min/1.73 m2 per allele, 95% CI: −6.94 to −0.21; p = 0.037).ConclusionsWe found a detrimental impact of the PNPLA3 p.I148M variant on eGFRCKD‐EPI levels in middle‐aged individuals with metabolic dysfunction. This association was independent of established risk factors, ethnicity and genetic predisposition to CKD. PNPLA3 p.I148M silencing may protect against kidney damage progression in carriers.
RHAMM marks proliferative subpopulation of human colorectal cancer stem cells
Authors: Nakano Michitaka , Taguchi Ryosuke , Kikushige Yoshikane , Isobe Taichi , Miyawaki Kohta , Mizuno Shinichi , Tsuruta Nobuhiro , Hanamura Fumiyasu , Yamaguchi Kyoko , Yamauchi Takuji , Ariyama Hiroshi , Kusaba Hitoshi , Nakamura Masafumi , Maeda Takahiro , Kuo Calvin J. , Baba Eishi , Akashi Koichi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe cancer stem cell (CSC) theory features typically rare self‐renewing subpopulations that reconstitute the heterogeneous tumor. Identification of molecules that characterize the features of CSCs is a key imperative for further understanding tumor heterogeneity and for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. However, the use of conventional markers of CSCs is still insufficient for the isolation of bona fide CSCs. We investigated organoids that are miniature forms of tumor tissues by reconstructing cellular diversity to identify specific markers to characterize CSCs in heterogeneous tumors. Here, we report that the receptor for hyaluronan‐mediated motility (RHAMM) expresses in a subpopulation of CD44+ conventional human colorectal CSC fraction. Single‐cell transcriptomics of organoids highlighted RHAMM‐positive proliferative cells that revealed distinct characteristics among the various cell types. Prospectively isolated RHAMM+CD44+ cells from the human colorectal cancer tissues showed highly proliferative characteristics with a self‐renewal ability in comparison with the other cancer cells. Furthermore, inhibition of RHAMM strongly suppressed organoid formation in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Our findings suggest that RHAMM is a potential therapeutic target because it is a specific marker of the proliferative subpopulation within the conventional CSC fraction.
Invalidity of, and alternative to, the linear quadratic model as a predictive model for postirradiation cell survival
Authors: Li Heng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe linear quadratic (LQ) model has been the dominant tool in preclinical radiobiological modeling of cell survival as a function of dose. However, as a second‐order polynomial approximation, it suffers from two well‐known pitfalls: nonmonotonic behavior and poor extrapolation. This study examined the raw data of 253 sets of photons and 943 sets of the ion beam from the Particle Irradiation Data Ensemble (PIDE) project to understand how often the LQ model could result in a negative β, which would give unrealistic predictions. Additionally, the predictive performance of the LQ model, the power model, and the linear model's predictive performance was studied using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation (LOOCV) and twofold cross‐validation. It was found that, when fitted to the LQ model, 7.5% of the photon and 29.8% of the ion beam dose–response data would result in negative β, compared to 0.77% and 2.0%, respectively, reported in published works. The LQ model performed poorly in LOOCV compared to the alternative power model, and performed the worst among the three models in twofold cross‐validation. The LQ model leads to unrealistic parameters, which are vastly under‐reported in published studies, and performs poorly in standard cross‐validation tests. Therefore, the LQ model is not a valid predictive dose–response model for cell survival. Alternative models need to be investigated.
Reliable capillary sampling of carcinoembryonic antigen at home: the CASA feasibility study
Authors: Voigt Kelly R. , Wullaert Lissa , Verhoef Cornelis , Grünhagen Dirk J. , Ramakers Christian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimFollow‐up after colorectal cancer requires frequent surveillance of the tumour marker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Home‐based blood sampling could be beneficial in terms of patients' well‐being and societal cost‐effectiveness. Blood sampling by venepuncture is unsuitable for home‐based sampling. The aim of this feasibility study is to evaluate the long‐term whole‐blood stability of CEA.MethodIn this prospective feasibility study capillary blood withdrawal was collected in a Hem‐Col® microtube containing a patented stabilization buffer using an internal lithium standard to correct for dilution. Long‐term whole‐blood stability was considered adequate if the relative bias in CEA concentration between delayed analysis of capillary samples and directly processed venepuncture is within the total error margin of CEA.ResultsTwenty two colorectal cancer patients were included to determine the stability of CEA in capillary sampling compared with directly processed (i.e. within 2 h) venepuncture sampling. The median time between venous sampling and CEA analysis and capillary sampling and CEA analysis was 2 h (interquartile range 1–4 h) and 76 h (interquartile range 74–95 h), respectively. A Bland–Altman difference plot excluding outliers showed an overall relative bias of −1.23%. The two capillary samples in our outlier analysis also showed the highest lithium concentrations.ConclusionHome‐based capillary sampling with the use of the Hem‐Col® buffer is a feasible method for CEA determination when analysed within 4 days after blood withdrawal, allowing monitoring for colorectal cancer patients from home. High lithium concentrations due to insufficient filling of the Hem‐Col® tube suggest less reliable CEA measurements.
A pooled analysis of the risk prediction models for mortality in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ji Zile , Li Xuanlin , Lei Siyuan , Xu Jiaxin , Xie Yang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe prognosis for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is not optimistic, and severe AECOPD leads to an increased risk of mortality. Prediction models help distinguish between high‐ and low‐risk groups. At present, many prediction models have been established and validated, which need to be systematically reviewed to screen out more suitable models that can be used in the clinic and provide evidence for future research.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases for studies on risk models for AECOPD mortality from their inception to 10 April 2022. The risk of bias was assessed using the prediction model risk of bias assessment tool (PROBAST). Stata software (version 16) was used to synthesize the C‐statistics for each model.ResultsA total of 37 studies were included. The development of risk prediction models for mortality in patients with AECOPD was described in 26 articles, in which the most common predictors were age (n = 17), dyspnea grade (n = 11), altered mental status (n = 8), pneumonia (n = 6) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN, n = 6). The remaining 11 articles only externally validated existing models. All 37 studies were evaluated at a high risk of bias using PROBAST. We performed a meta‐analysis of five models included in 15 studies. DECAF (dyspnoea, eosinopenia, consolidation, acidemia and atrial fibrillation) performed well in predicting in‐hospital death [C‐statistic = 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83, 0.98] and 90‐day death [C‐statistic = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.82] and CURB‐65 (confusion, urea, respiratory rate, blood pressure and age) performed well in predicting 30‐day death [C‐statistic = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.77].ConclusionsThis study provides information on the characteristics, performance and risk of bias of a risk model for AECOPD mortality. This pooled analysis of the present study suggests that the DECAF performs well in predicting in‐hospital and 90‐day deaths. Yet, external validation in different populations is still needed to prove this performance.
Concordance of reflectance confocal microscopy and gene expression profiling for melanocytic lesions with uncertain malignant potential: A case series
Authors: Gronbeck Christian , Rabinovitz Harold , NP Margaret Oliviero , Grant‐Kels Jane M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFor a small yet significant proportion of melanocytic lesions, histopathologic analysis may be unable to definitively evaluate malignant potential. These cases may signify a specific need for newer ancillary diagnostic technologies, including in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and gene expression profiling (GEP), both of which are highly sensitive in the diagnosis of melanoma. We report four cases of clinically suspicious melanocytic lesions that lacked definitive malignant features on histopathology and that were aided by use of RCM and GEP. Three of the four cases showed concordance between RCM and GEP in the diagnosis of melanoma. In one case, RCM was suggestive of melanoma; on the other hand, GEP and histopathology supported a final diagnosis of compound Spitz nevus. These cases support the role of RCM as a novel, non‐invasive diagnostic tool to aid in the diagnosis of clinically suspicious melanocytic lesions with uncertain malignant potential, although RCM may have relatively lower accuracy for some atypical spitzoid lesions.
Smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) suppress Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) feeding activity and increase aggressive behaviours at warmer temperatures
Authors: Ramberg‐Pihl Nicole C. , Klemmer Amanda J. , Zydlewski Joseph , Coghlan Stephen M. , Greig Hamish S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBy 2050, mean temperature in the state of Maine, located in the Northeastern USA, is expected to increase nearly 1°C, which could directly affect native coldwater salmonid behaviour and increase competition with warmwater smallmouth bass. We conducted a microcosm experiment to examine the feeding and agonistic behaviour of endangered juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) at two temperatures (18 and 21°C) in the presence and absence of non‐native Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu). By visually reviewing footage of fish competition in our tanks, we quantified feeding and agonistic interactions. We predicted salmon would exhibit lower feeding activity than bass at 21°C and antagonistic interactions between the two species would increase with warming. We found salmon feeding activity was reduced by smallmouth bass presence and this effect was stronger at 21°C. We also found smallmouth bass aggression was strongest at 21°C when salmon were present. Lastly, feeding activity and aggression in both species changed with food availability. These findings illustrate the potential for invasive warmwater species to outcompete native salmonids for resources, especially under the warmer conditions predicted by climate change scenarios.
Vulnerability to loneliness among fathers of children with autism spectrum disorder: The role of interpersonal and familial resources
Authors: George‐Levi Sivan , Laslo‐Roth Roni , Ben Yaakov Lital 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFathers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) might be at increased risk of becoming lonely. In the current study, we explored the differences in loneliness between fathers of children with and without ASD and identified interpersonal and familial resources (social support, family cohesion, and family adaptability) that might be related to levels of loneliness. Using a cross‐sectional design, 348 fathers (of 114 children with ASD and 234 without) completed a series of questionnaires. Fathers of children with ASD reported higher levels of loneliness and lower levels of social support and family cohesion. A moderated mediation model indicated that the interaction between social support and family cohesion mediated the association between ASD group (i.e., ASD vs. non‐ASD) and fathers' loneliness. Findings suggest the importance of interpersonal and familial resources (e.g., perceived social support and family cohesion) for family members at risk of loneliness.
The impacts and implications of the community face mask use during the Covid‐19 pandemic: A qualitative narrative interview study
Authors: Hanna Esmée , Martin Graham , Campbell Anne , Connolly Paris , Fearon Kristine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionA range of nonpharmaceutical public health interventions has been introduced in many countries following the rapid spread of Covid‐19 since 2020, including recommendations or mandates for the use of face masks or coverings in the community. While the effectiveness of face masks in reducing Covid‐19 transmission has been extensively discussed, scant attention has been paid to the lived experience of those wearing face masks.MethodDrawing on 40 narrative interviews with a purposive sample of people in the United Kingdom, with a particular focus on marginalised and minoritized groups, our paper explores experiences of face mask use during the pandemic.ResultsWe find that face masks have a range of societal, health and safety impacts, and prompted positive and negative emotional responses for users. We map our findings onto Lorenc and Oliver's framework for intervention risks. We suggest that qualitative data offer particular insights into the experiences of public health interventions, allowing the potential downsides and risks of interventions to be more fully considered and informing public health policies that might avoid inadvertent harm, particularly towards marginalised groups.Patient or Public ContributionThe study primarily involved members of the public in the conduct of the research, namely through participation in interviews (email and telephone). The conception for the study involved extensive discussions on social media with a range of people, and we received input and ideas from presentations we delivered on the preliminary analysis.
Study for skin gloss perception using computer modulation and frequency separation on surface reflection
Authors: Lee Myeongryeol , Jung Yuchul , Kim Eunjoo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveSkin gloss is a parameter of beauty and health and is used to evaluate the efficacy of makeup or skin care products. Skin gloss is a perception‐based characteristic, which yet needs to be evaluated quantitatively and objectively. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the perception of matte, glossiness and greasiness on Korean women's skin, focusing on the effect of surface reflection.MethodsIn this study, a visual evaluation of skin gloss was performed using modulated images that combined facial reference (normal) images with images characterized by 64 different levels of surface reflection to investigate factors that might affect the perception of matte, glossy and greasy skin. Fifteen participants classified the respective images into three categories (matte, glossy and greasy), and the intensity of each image was rated using a three‐point scale (weak, moderate or strong). A multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed using 960 data points (n = 64 × 15). A high‐frequency average + 1 standard deviation (SD = 4) was set as the criterion for a highly glossy object.ResultsA significant difference was found between the three categories considering four parameters: low‐frequency mean (LFM) and SD (LFSD) and high‐frequency mean (HFM) and SD (HFSD). The results of the multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that LFM and HFSD were significant influencing factors for perceiving matte, glossiness and greasiness. As the LFM and HFSD of the images increased, perception changed from matte, to glossy and greasy. Further, the total number and total area of highly glossy objects were significantly different among the three categories.ConclusionWe identified four different factors related to perceiving matte, glossiness and greasiness on the faces of Korean women, including the LFM and HFSD of surface reflection, as well as the number of highly glossy objects and the area of surface reflection. Furthermore, we identified evenness of shine as a key factor for the perception of greasiness. These parameters could be useful for distinguishing skin gloss and for a quantitative evaluation of greasiness.