bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo test and rollback of Java applications as they are
Authors: Bertolino Antonia , De Angelis Guglielmo , Miranda Breno , Tonella Paolo 
Published: June 2023

SummaryModern software systems accommodate complex configurations and execution conditions that depend on the environment where the software is run. While in house testing can exercise only a fraction of such execution contexts, in vivo testing can take advantage of the execution state observed in the field to conduct further testing activities. In this paper, we present the Groucho approach to in vivo testing. Groucho can suspend the execution, run some in vivo tests, rollback the side effects introduced by such tests, and eventually resume normal execution. The approach can be transparently applied to the original application, even if only available as compiled code, and it is fully automated. Our empirical studies of the performance overhead introduced by Groucho under various configurations showed that this may be kept to a negligible level by activating in vivo testing with low probability. Our empirical studies about the effectiveness of the approach confirm previous findings on the existence of faults that are unlikely exposed in house and become easy to expose in the field. Moreover, we include the first study to quantify the coverage increase gained when in vivo testing is added to complement in house testing.
Contribution of steel fibers to the flexural and shear behavior of RC beams damaged by alkali‐silica reaction
Authors: Torrijos María C. , Zerbino Raúl L. , Giaccio Graciela M. , Cuenca Estefanía , Conforti Antonio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe study of damage processes in concrete and their effects on the residual properties represents a key point related to the service life of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The use of steel fibers in RC beams mainly improves the cracking control and the shear bearing capacity. Considering the shear behavior, the presence of fibers not only leads to partial or total substitution of secondary reinforcement, but they can also result in a modification of the failure behavior from a shear failure (brittle) to a bending (ductile) one. The contribution of fibers on flexural and shear behavior of sound and damaged RC beams was investigated using alkali‐silica reaction as a damaging tool. First, the evolution of deformations and cracks were measured on creep tests of RC beams with and without fibers and reactive aggregates. Second, the flexural and shear behavior of damaged and undamaged beams incorporating steel fibers were compared. Results showed that alkali‐silica reaction damage can provoke a reduction of RC beam ductility, while the flexural strength is preserved. Regarding shear, it was observed that even in damaged concrete, fibers were able to control the crack propagation and increase the bearing capacity.
Chloride diffusion modeling of concrete using tree‐based forest models
Authors: Golafshani Emadaldin Mohammadi , Kashani Alireza , Arashpour Mehrdad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractReinforced concrete structures can experience various harsh environments during their service life, among which chloride ion exposure, especially in marine environments, can cause the durability reduction and deterioration of concrete structures. Artificial intelligence (AI)‐based modeling of the non‐steady‐state apparent chloride diffusion coefficient (DC) of concrete for a long exposure time using the experimental field results can assist in identifying the influential factors and better estimating the service life of a concrete structure. In this study, two novel extensions of ensemble AI algorithms, including genetic programming forest (GPF) and linear genetic programming forest (LGPF) algorithms, were proposed to model the DC of concrete. The experimental field data were gathered from the literature. Different structures of the proposed ensemble methods were developed and examined, and the best‐developed model was selected for further analysis, including sensitivity analysis and parametric study. In addition, the random forest (RF) method was used as the control ensemble technique to have a comparison. The results show that the best LGPF model possesses superior performance than the best‐developed GPF and RF models. In addition, the results show that silica fume‐to‐binder ratio, exposure time, and exposure conditions have the most significant impacts on the DC of concrete. This study contributes to the civil engineering practice by developing a new tool to model the DC of concrete that facilitates the durability assessment of concrete structures.
Shape‐Controlled First‐Row Transition Metal Vanadates for Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Khan Ibrahim , Gu Yunjeong , Wooh Sanghyuk 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTransition metal vanadates (MVs) possess abundant electroactive sites, short ion diffusion pathways, and optical properties that make them suitable for various electrochemical (EC) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) applications. While these materials are commonly used in energy storage devices like batteries and capacitors, their shape‐controlled 1D and 2D morphologies have gained equal popularity in water splitting (WS) technology in recent times. This review focuses on recent progress made on various first‐row (3d, 4 s) transition metal vanadates (t‐MVs) having controlled one‐dimensional (fiber, wire, or rod) and two‐dimensional (layered or sheet) morphologies with a specific emphasis on copper vanadates (CuV), cobalt vanadates (CoV), iron vanadates (FeV), and nickel vanadates (NiV). The review covers different aspects of shape‐controlled 1D and 2D t‐MVs including optoelectrical properties, wet chemistry synthesis, and electrochemical (EC‐WS) and photoelectrochemical water splitting (PEC‐WS) performance in terms of onset potential, overpotential, and long‐term stability or high cyclic performance. The review concludes by providing some possible thoughts on how to promote the water‐splitting attributes of shape‐controlled t‐MVs more effectively.
Development of Catalytic Site‐Selective C−H Oxidation
Authors: Uchida Tatsuya 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDirect C−H bond oxygenation is a strong and useful tool for the construction of oxygen functional groups. After Chen and White's pioneering works, various non‐heme‐type iron and manganese complexes were introduced, leading to strong development in this area. However, for this method to become a truly useful tool for synthetic organic chemistry, it is necessary to make further efforts to improve site‐selectivity, and catalyst durability. Recently, we found that non‐heme‐type ruthenium complex cis‐1 presents efficient catalysis in C(sp3)−H oxygenation under acidic conditions. cis‐1‐catalysed C−H oxygenation can oxidize various substrates including highly complex natural compounds using hypervalent iodine reagents as a terminal oxidant. Moreover, the catalyst system can use almost stoichiometric water molecules as the oxygen source through reversible hydrolysis of PhI(OCOR)2. It is a strong tool for producing isotopic‐oxygen‐labelled compounds. Moreover, the environmentally friendly hydrogen peroxide can be used as a terminal oxidant under acidic conditions.
The role of microRNAs in responses to drought and heat stress in peanut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: Mittal Meenakshi , Dhingra Anuradha , Dawar Pranav , Payton Paxton , Rock Christopher D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 21–24 nt small RNAs (sRNAs) that negatively regulate protein‐coding genes and/or trigger phased small‐interfering RNA (phasiRNA) production. Two thousand nine hundred miRNA families, of which ∼40 are deeply conserved, have been identified in ∼80 different plant species genomes. miRNA functions in response to abiotic stresses is less understood than their roles in development. Only seven peanut MIRNA families are documented in miRBase, yet a reference genome assembly is now published and over 480 plant‐like MIRNA loci were predicted in the diploid peanut progenitor Arachis duranensis genome. We explored by computational analysis of a leaf sRNA library and publicly available sRNA, degradome, and transcriptome datasets the miRNA and phasiRNA space associated with drought and heat stresses in peanut. We characterized 33 novel candidate and 33 ancient conserved families of MIRNAs and present degradome evidence for their cleavage activities on mRNA targets, including several noncanonical targets and novel phasiRNA‐producing noncoding and mRNA loci with validated novel targets such as miR1509 targeting serine/threonine‐protein phosphatase7 and miRc20 and ahy‐miR3514 targeting penta‐tricopeptide repeats (PPRs), in contradistinction to other claims of miR1509/173/7122 superfamily miRNAs indirectly targeting PPRs via TAS‐like noncoding RNA loci. We characterized the inverse correlations of significantly differentially expressed drought‐ and heat‐regulated miRNAs, assayed by sRNA blots or transcriptome datasets, with target mRNA expressions in the same datasets. Meta‐analysis of an expression atlas and over representation of miRNA target genes in co‐expression networks suggest that miRNAs have functions in unique aspects of peanut gynophore development. Genome‐wide MIRNA annotation of the published allopolyploid peanut genome can facilitate molecular breeding of value‐added traits.
Fecal lactoferrin early predicts long‐term outcomes in ulcerative colitis: A post‐hoc analysis of the UNIFI and PURSUIT trials
Authors: Chen Rirong , Tie Yizhe , Zhang Xi , Li Li , Chen Minhu , Zhang Shenghong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundFecal lactoferrin (FL) is associated with disease activity and relapse in ulcerative colitis. However, whether FL could early predict long‐term outcomes in ulcerative colitis is poorly understood.MethodsThis post‐hoc analysis included participants who received biologics and had available data of FL concentration at week 4 from the UNIFI and PURSUIT trials (n = 1063). Therapeutic outcomes, including clinical remission, endoscopic improvement and remission, and histological improvement and remission, were evaluated at the end of maintenance therapy. The incidence of colectomy was observed from week 0 to maximum week 228 in the PURSUIT trial (n = 667). Multivariate logistic and Cox proportional‐hazard regression were conducted to evaluate the associations between FL and therapeutic outcomes and colectomy, respectively.ResultsA high FL level at week 4 was associated with poor long‐term clinical, endoscopic and histologic outcomes. FL >84.5 μg/mL predicted a low likelihood of clinical (OR [95% CI]: 0.43 [0.32, 0.57]; p < 0.001), endoscopic (OR [95% CI]: 0.40 [0.29, 0.56]; p < 0.001), and histological (OR [95% CI]: 0.27 [0.14, 0.53]; p < 0.001) remission. Moreover, week‐4 FL could add prognostic value to fecal calprotectin and clinical and endoscopic scores for informing long‐term therapeutic outcomes. For the risk of colectomy, patients with week‐4 FL <20.1 and ≥20.1 µg/mL had an incidence rate of 1.10% and 6.39%, respectively. Patients with FL ≥20.1 µg/mL had a 995% higher risk of colectomy (HR [95% CI], 10.95 [1.45, 82.74]).ConclusionFL could be a promising prognostic biomarker for long‐term therapeutic outcomes and risk of colectomy in patient of ulcerative colitis.
High risk of dairy cow mortality in early lactation
Authors: Thomsen Peter T. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundOn‐farm mortality among dairy cows constitutes a major problem in modern dairy production. Detailed knowledge about when cows die may help guide the prevention of future deaths.MethodsData from 46,927 on‐farm dairy cow deaths reported to the Danish Cattle Database were analysed to evaluate the distribution of deaths in relation to time after calving and the effect of parity and breed.ResultsOf all on‐farm deaths, 15.2% occurred within 7 days after calving, 32.2% within 30 days and 49.4% within 90 days. Older cows generally died sooner after calving compared to younger cows, and Jersey cows died later than other breeds.LimitationsThe results are based on a large and reliable dataset but include only data from Danish dairy cows.ConclusionThe distribution of on‐farm deaths was very uneven, with a large proportion of deaths occurring during the first few weeks after calving, especially in older cows.
Bilateral corneal ulceration in a cat after general anaesthesia
Authors: Thenhaus‐Schnabel Sebastian , Bilotta Teresa , Watte Christine , Levionnois Olivier Louis 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGeneral anaesthesia is accompanied by a loss of the blink reflex, decreased tear production, inability to close the eye and decreased stability of the tear film. Protection of the eye with corneal lubricant is standard during general anaesthesia, but clear recommendations are missing. Moreover, the anaesthetic event may trigger other factors that increase susceptibility to corneal ulceration. In this case report, we describe a clinical case of bilateral corneal ulceration in a cat following general anaesthesia. We discuss how our practice may be improved, and examine the possibility that feline herpes virus resurgence during veterinary care may be a risk factor for corneal lesions.
A review of video‐based rainfall measurement methods
Authors: Yan Kang , Chen Hua , Hu Linjuan , Huang Kailin , Huang Yu , Wang Zheng , Liu Bingyi , Wang Jun , Guo Shenglian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAccurate and high spatiotemporal resolution rainfall observations are essential for hydrological forecasting and flood management, especially in urban hydrological applications. However, it is difficult for traditional rainfall gauges, weather radars, and satellites to accurately estimate rainfall while simultaneously capturing the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall well. In this context, video‐based rainfall measurement, a novel method, has the advantages of real‐time performance and low cost and may thus provide a new way to establish rainfall observation networks with high spatial and temporal resolution. In recent years, different algorithms have been developed to recognize raindrops and estimate rainfall from rainfall videos. It has been demonstrated that video‐based rainfall measurement methods can provide comprehensive rainfall information with fine spatial and temporal granularity. However, raindrop visibility and the depth of field effects are difficult to address. The motion blur effect of raindrops may result in substantial errors and uncertainties. A fundamental problem of video‐based rainfall measurements lies in locating raindrops and accurately calculating their actual size. Moreover, the effectiveness of deep learning‐based video rainfall measurement models is greatly influenced by the diversity of the training data. Therefore, enhancing the high robustness and accuracy of video‐based rainfall measurement algorithms and increasing the computational efficiency are paramount to further development, which are prerequisites for their application in practical rainfall monitoring and developing multicamera monitoring networks.This article is categorized under:
Science of Water > Methods
Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Toxicity evaluation of a heavy‐metal‐polluted river: Pollution identification and bacterial community assessment
Authors: Li Jin‐Min , Ou Jiun‐Hau , Verpoort Francis , Surmpalli Rao Y. , Huang Wen‐Yen , Kao Chih‐Ming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Salt River is an important urban river in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. In this study, the source identification and risk and toxicity assessment of the heavy‐metal‐contaminated sediments in the Salt River were investigated. The geo‐accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), potential ecological risk index (RI), pollution load index (PLI), and toxic units (TU) were applied to determine effects of heavy metals on microbial diversities and ecosystems. Results from the ecological and environmental risk assessment show that high concentrations of Zn, Cr, and Ni were detected in the midstream area and the sum of toxic units (ΣTUs) in the midstream (7.2–32.0) is higher than in the downstream (14.0–19.7) and upstream (9.2–17.1). It could be because of the continuous inputs of heavy‐metal‐contained wastewaters from adjacent industrial parks. Results also inferred that the detected heavy metals in the upstream residential and commercial areas were possibly caused by nearby vehicle emissions, non‐point source pollution, and domestic wastewater discharges. Results of metagenomic assays show that the sediments contained significant microbial diversities. Metal‐tolerant bacterial phyla (Proteobacteria: 24.4%–46.4%, Bacteroidetes: 1.3%–14.8%, and Actinobacteria: 2.3%–11.1%) and pathogenic bacterial phyla (Chlamydiae: 0.5%–37.6% and Chloroflexi: 5.8%–7.2%) with relatively high abundance were detected. Metal‐tolerant bacteria would adsorb metals and cause the increased metal concentrations in sediments. Results indicate that the bacterial composition in sediment environments was affected by anthropogenic pollution and human activities and the heavy‐metal‐polluted ecosystem caused the variations in bacterial communities.Practitioner Points
Microbial community in sediments is highly affected by heavy metal pollution.
Wastewaters and vehicle traffic contribute to river sediments pollution by heavy metals.
Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteria are dominant heavy‐metal‐tolerant bacterial phyla in sediments.
Toxicity assessment is required to study risk levels of heavy‐metal contained sediments.
Wing condition does not negatively impact time budget, enclosure usage, or social bonds in a flock of both full‐winged and flight‐restrained greater flamingos
Authors: George Adam J. , Rose Paul E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractZoo management techniques for captive birds, such as flight restraint and enclosure type, may affect behavioral performance and are consequently worthy of investigation. Flamingos are amongst the most popular of zoo‐housed birds and, as such, research into their captive management and associated behavioral responses are widely applicable to many thousands of individuals. As a highly social species, understanding social bonds and behavior of the individual bird and the flock overall can help inform decisions that support husbandry and population management. In this project, 41 greater flamingos at Bristol Zoo Gardens were observed for 49 days across spring and summer 2013 to assess the following: (i) social associations within the flock, (ii) overall activity patterns, and (iii) distribution of time within specific enclosure zones for both full‐winged and flight‐restrained birds living in the same enclosure. Results showed that pinioning interacted with age in regard to flamingo time–activity patterns, but wing condition did not significantly influence association patterns, performance of social interactions, or performance of breeding behavior. Social network analysis revealed that associations were nonrandom and flamingos, of either wing condition, displayed different roles within the network. Birds of similar age formed the strongest bonds. Enclosure usage was not even, suggesting that the flamingos favored specific areas of the enclosure during the observation period. This study showed that wing condition does not affect flamingo behavior, social bonds, or space use, and that age and sex have more of an overall influence on what flamingos do, and with whom they chose to do it. Further research should extend this study into other, larger captive flocks to further refine behavioral measures of welfare for these popular zoo birds.
A hypoarousal model of neurological post-COVID syndrome: the relation between mental fatigue, the level of central nervous activation and cognitive processing speed
Authors: Martin Eva Maria , Rupprecht Sven , Schrenk Simon , Kattlun Fabian , Utech Isabelle , Radscheidt Monique , Brodoehl Stefan , Schwab Matthias , Reuken Philipp A. , Stallmach Andreas , Habekost Thomas , Finke Kathrin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Knowledge on the nature of post-COVID neurological sequelae often manifesting as cognitive dysfunction and fatigue is still unsatisfactory.

Objectives
We assumed that cognitive dysfunction and fatigue in post-COVID syndrome are critically linked via hypoarousal of the brain. Thus, we assessed whether tonic alertness as a neurocognitive index of arousal is reduced in these patients and how this relates to the level of central nervous activation and subjective mental fatigue as further indices of arousal.

Methods
40 post-COVID patients with subjective cognitive dysfunction and 40 matched healthy controls underwent a whole-report paradigm of briefly presented letter arrays. Based on report performance and computational modelling according to the theory of visual attention, the parameter visual processing speed (VPS) was quantified as a proxy of tonic alertness. Pupillary unrest was assessed as a measure of central nervous activation. The Fatigue Assessment Scale was applied to assess subjective mental fatigue using the corresponding subscale.

Results
VPS was reduced in post-COVID patients compared to controls (p = 0.005). In these patients, pupillary unrest (p = 0.029) and mental fatigue (p = 0.001) predicted VPS, explaining 34% of the variance and yielding a large effect with f2 = 0.51.

Conclusion
In post-COVID patients with subjective cognitive dysfunction, hypoarousal of the brain is reflected in decreased processing speed which is explained by a reduced level of central nervous activation and a higher level of mental fatigue. In turn, reduced processing speed objectifies mental fatigue as a core subjective clinical complaint in post-COVID patients.
Prospective memory: the combined impact of cognitive load and task focality
Authors: Cantarella G. , Mastroberardino S. , Bisiacchi P. , Macaluso E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProspective Memory (PM) entails a set of executive processes primarily associated with the activation of frontal and parietal regions. Both the number of PM-targets to be monitored (i.e. task load) and the relationship between the type of PM-targets and the ongoing (ONG) task (i.e. task focality) can impact executive monitoring and PM performance. In the present imaging study, we manipulated load and focality of an event-based PM task to test the hypothesis that common resources engage in situations requiring high levels of cognitive control: that is, in high-load (i.e. monitor multiple PM-targets) and non-focal conditions (i.e. monitor at the same time letters’ identity and color). We investigated monitoring-related and detection-related processes by assessing behavior and brain activity separately for ONG trials (monitoring) and PM-targets (detection). At the behavioral level, we found a significant interaction between load and focality during detection, with slowest reaction times for focal, high-load PM-targets. The imaging analyses of the detection phase revealed the activation of the left intraparietal sulcus in the high-load conditions. Both in the monitoring and the detection phases, we found overlapping effects of non-focality and low-load in the fusiform gyrus. Our results suggest that under low-load conditions, cognitive control operates via early selection mechanisms in the ventral occipito-temporal cortex. By contrast, high-load conditions entail control at later processing stages within the dorsal parietal cortex. We conclude that load and focality operate via different mechanisms, with the level of task load largely determining how cognitive control selects the most relevant information.