bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early vascular ageing phenotypes and urinary targeted metabolomics in children and young adults: the ExAMIN Youth SA and African-PREDICT studies
Authors: Craig Ashleigh , Kruger Ruan , Gafane-Matemane Lebo F. , Louw Roan , Mels Carina M. C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSome individuals are susceptible to accelerated biological ageing, resulting in premature alterations in arterial structure and function. Identifying early-onset vascular ageing characterised by arterial stiffening is vital for intervention and preventive strategies. We stratified and phenotyped healthy children (5–9 yrs) and young adults (20–30 yrs) into their vascular ageing extremes established by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) percentiles (i.e., healthy vascular ageing (HVA) and early vascular ageing (EVA)). We compared anthropometric, cardiovascular, and metabolomic profiles and explored associations between cfPWV and urinary metabolites. Children and adults in the EVA groups displayed higher levels of adiposity, cardiovascular, and lifestyle risk factors (adults only) (all p ≤ 0.018). In adults, several urinary metabolites were lower in the EVA group (all q ≤ 0.039) when compared to the HVA group, with no differences observed in children. In multiple regression analysis (adults only), we found inverse associations between cfPWV with histidine (adj. R2 = 0.038; β = –0.192; p = 0.013) and beta-alanine (adj. R2 = 0.034; β = –0.181; p = 0.019) in the EVA group, but with arginine (adj. R2 = 0.021; β = –0.160; p = 0.024) in the HVA group. The inverse associations of beta-alanine and histidine with cfPWV in the EVA group is suggestive that asymptomatic young adults who present with an altered metabolomic and less desired cardiovascular profile in combination with unfavourable lifestyle behaviours may be predisposed to early-onset vascular ageing. Taken together, screening on both a phenotypic and metabolic level may prove important in the early detection, prevention, and intervention of advanced biological ageing.
Cytotoxic effects of different mouthwash solutions on primary human articular chondrocytes and normal human articular cartilage – an in vitro study
Authors: Cai Xiaoyu , Venkatesan Jagadeesh K. , Schmitt Gertrud , Reda Bashar , Cucchiarini Magali , Hannig Matthias , Madry Henning 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives

To compare the cytotoxicity of octenidine dihydrochloride and chlorhexidine gluconate at different concentrations on primary human articular chondrocytes and cartilage.

Materials and methods
Primary cultures of human normal adult articular chondrocytes were exposed to octenidine dihydrochloride (0.001562%, 0.003125%, 0.00625%, 0.0125%, 0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.1%), chlorhexidine gluconate (0.003125%, 0.00625%, 0.0125%, 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%), and control (Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium or phosphate-buffered saline) for 30 s. Normal human articular cartilage explants were exposed to octenidine dihydrochloride (0.1% versus control) and chlorhexidine gluconate (0.1% versus control) for 30 s. The viability of human articular chondrocytes was measured by Trypan blue staining, Cell Proliferation Reagent WST-1, and Live/Dead staining. The proliferation of human chondrocytes was measured using the Cell Proliferation Reagent WST-1. The viability of human articular cartilage explants was measured by using Live/Dead staining.

Results
Octenidine dihydrochloride and chlorhexidine gluconate exposure decreased cell viability and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in primary human articular chondrocytes. Octenidine dihydrochloride and chlorhexidine gluconate exposure decreased cell viability in human articular cartilage explant cultures.

Conclusion
The degree of toxicity varied between octenidine dihydrochloride and chlorhexidine gluconate, with chlorhexidine gluconate being less toxic than octenidine dihydrochloride at the same concentration. Additionally, both octenidine dihydrochloride and chlorhexidine gluconate evaluation had cytotoxic effects on human articular cartilage. Therefore, dosing for the antimicrobial mouthwash ingredients administration would ideally be determined to remain below IC50.

Clinical relevance
These data support the in vitro safety of antimicrobial mouthwashes on primary adult human articular chondrocytes.
Hemodynamic study of blood flow in the aorta during the interventional robot treatment using fluid–structure interaction
Authors: Zhu Zongming , Ji Suqiang , Liang Liang , Wang Hao , Xia Haoyu , Tang Puhua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn interventional robot is a means for vascular diagnosis and treatment, and it can perform dredging, releasing drug and operating. Normal hemodynamic indicators are a prerequisite for the application of interventional robots. The current hemodynamic research is limited to the absence of interventional devices or interventional devices in fixed positions. Considering the coupling effect of blood, vessels and robots, based on the bi-directional fluid–structure interaction, using the computational fluid dynamics and particle image velocimetry methods, combined with the sliding and moving mesh technologies, we theoretically and experimentally study the hemodynamic indicators such as blood flow lines, blood pressure, equivalent stress, deformation and wall shear stress of blood vessels when the robot precesses, rotates or does not intervene in the pulsating blood flow. The results show that the intervention of the robot increase the blood flow rate, blood pressure, equivalent stress and deformation of the vessels by 76.4%, 55.4%, 76.5%, and 346%, respectively. The operating mode of the robot during low-speed operation has little impact on the hemodynamic indicators. Using the methyl silicone oil as the experimental fluid, the elastic silicone pipe as the experimental pipe, and the intervention robot having a bioplastic outer shell, the velocity of the fluid around the robot is measured on the developed experimental device for fluid flow field in a pulsating flow when the robot runs. The experimental results are similar to the numerical results. Our work provides an important reference for the hemodynamic study and optimization of the mobile interventional devices.
Arterial occlusion duration affects the cuff-induced hyperemic response in skeletal muscle BOLD perfusion imaging as shown in young healthy subjects
Authors: Arvidsson Jonathan , Eriksson Stefanie , Johansson Edvin , Lagerstrand Kerstin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective
Dynamic BOLD MRI with cuff compression, inducing ischemia and post-occlusive hyperemia in skeletal muscle, has been pointed out as a potential diagnostic tool to assess peripheral limb perfusion. The objective was to explore the robustness of this technique and its sensitivity to the occlusion duration.

Materials and methods
BOLD images were acquired at 3 T in 14 healthy volunteers. $${\mathrm{T}}_{2}^{*}$$

T

2

∗

-imaging with 5- and 1.5-min occlusions were acquired and several semi-quantitative BOLD parameters were derived from ROI-based $${\mathrm{T}}_{2}^{*}$$

T

2

∗

-time curves. Differences in parameters from the two different occlusion durations were evaluated in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles using non-parametrical tests. Intra- and inter-scan repeatability were evaluated with coefficient of variation.

Results
Longer occlusion duration resulted in an increased hyperemic signal effect yielding significantly different values (p < 0.05) in gastrocnemius for all parameters describing the hyperemic response, and in soleus for two of these parameters. Specifically, 5-min occlusion yielded steeper hyperemic upslope in gastrocnemius (41.0%; p < 0.05) and soleus (59.7%; p = 0.03), shorter time to half peak in gastrocnemius (46.9%; p = 0.00008) and soleus (33.5%; p = 0.0003), and shorter time to peak in gastrocnemius (13.5%; p = 0.02). Coefficients of variation were lower than percentage differences that were found significant.

Discussion
Findings show that the occlusion duration indeed influences the hyperemic response and thus should play a part in future methodological developments.
The Importance of Social Engagement in the Development of an HIV Cure: A Systematic Review of Stakeholder Perspectives
Authors: Noorman Maaike A. J. , de Wit John B. F. , Marcos Tamika A. , Stutterheim Sarah E. , Jonas Kai J. , den Daas Chantal 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs research into the development of an HIV cure gains prominence, assessing the perspectives of stakeholders becomes imperative. It empowers stakeholders to determine priorities and influence research processes. We conducted a systematic review of the empirical literature on stakeholder perspectives. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for empirical, peer-reviewed articles, published before September 2022. Our analysis of 78 papers showed that stakeholders could be divided into three categories: people with HIV, key populations, and professionals. Following thematic synthesis, two main themes were distinguished: stakeholders’ perspectives on HIV cure research and stakeholders’ perspectives on HIV cure. Research on perspectives on HIV cure research showed that stakeholders’ hypothetical willingness to participate (WTP) in HIV cure research was relatively high, while actual WTP was found to be lower. Studies also identified associated (individual) characteristics of hypothetical WTP, as well as facilitators and barriers to hypothetical participation. Additionally, we reported research on experiences of actual HIV cure research participation. Our analysis of stakeholder perceptions of HIV cure showed that most stakeholders preferred a cure that could eliminate HIV and outlined positive associated impacts. Furthermore, we observed that most included studies were conducted among PWHIV, and in the Global North. To empower stakeholders, we recommend that future research include an even greater diversity of stakeholders and incorporate theories of behavior to further explore how stakeholders decide to meaningfully engage in every stage of HIV cure research.
The human-elephant conflict in Sri Lanka: history and present status
Authors: Gunawansa Thakshila D. , Perera Kithsiri , Apan Armando , Hettiarachchi Nandita K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHuman-elephant conflict (HEC) is a severe conservation, socio-economic and environmental issue of forests and ecosystems in elephant inhabiting countries, including Sri Lanka. Due to the rapid growth of human and elephant populations, both struggles to share limited land resources. The major causes and contexts of HEC in Sri Lanka include land use change, habitat loss due to human population growth, crop raiding behavior, problem elephants, and changes in agriculture practices. Since 2019, 125 people and 370 elephants have killed annually on average due to the conflict. Also, Sri Lanka has recorded the highest annual elephant deaths and second-highest human deaths due to HEC. The human death rate has increased by approximately 42% over previous three decades. The Sri Lankan government provides compensation for death and disability of the human caused by elephants and for elephant-damaged houses or properties. The Sri Lankan elephant (Elephas maximus maximus) is an endangered subspecies. It’s home range is restricted to 50–150 km2and depends on the availability of food, water, and shelter of the habitat in which they live. Various management strategies have been developed by the government and villagers to prevent and mitigate HEC. Today, Sri Lankan elephants are protected under Sri Lankan law, with punishment by fines and jail terms. This article reviews the history, present status, and traditional conflict management of HEC in Sri Lanka. We suggest a satellite data fusion approach with GIS modeling to identify risk zones of HEC to develop further protective measures for humans and elephants.
The effect of general practice contact on cancer stage at diagnosis in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal residents of New South Wales
Authors: Banham David , Roder David , Thompson Sandra , Williamson Anna , Bray Freddie , Currow David 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Older age, risks from pre-existing health conditions and socio-economic disadvantage are negatively related to the prospects of an early-stage cancer diagnosis. With older Aboriginal Australians having an elevated prevalence of these underlying factors, this study examines the potential for the mitigating effects of more frequent contact with general practitioners (GPs) in ensuring local-stage at diagnosis.

Methods
We compared the odds of local vs. more advanced stage at diagnosis of solid tumours according to GP contact, using linked registry and administrative data. Results were compared between Aboriginal (n = 4,084) and non-Aboriginal (n = 249,037) people aged 50 + years in New South Wales with a first diagnosis of cancer in 2003–2016.

Results
Younger age, male sex, having less area-based socio-economic disadvantage, and fewer comorbid conditions in the 12 months before diagnosis (0–2 vs. 3 +), were associated with local-stage in fully-adjusted structural models. The odds of local-stage with more frequent GP contact (14 + contacts per annum) also differed by Aboriginal status, with a higher adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of local-stage for frequent GP contact among Aboriginal people (aOR = 1.29; 95% CI 1.11–1.49) but not among non-Aboriginal people (aOR = 0.97; 95% CI 0.95–0.99).

Conclusion
Older Aboriginal Australians diagnosed with cancer experience more comorbid conditions and more socioeconomic disadvantage than other Australians, which are negatively related to diagnosis at a local-cancer stage. More frequent GP contact may act to partly offset this among the Aboriginal population of NSW.
A technique to measure tidal volume during noninvasive respiratory support by continuous-flow helmet CPAP
Authors: Coppadoro Andrea , Bellani Giacomo , Foti Giuseppe 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has promoted the use of helmet continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for noninvasive respiratory support in hypoxic respiratory failure patients, despite the lack of tidal volume monitoring. We evaluated a novel technique designed to measure tidal volume during noninvasive continuous-flow helmet CPAP.

Methods
A bench model of spontaneously breathing patients undergoing helmet CPAP therapy (three positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP] levels) at different levels of respiratory distress was used to compare measured and reference tidal volumes. Tidal volume measurement by the novel technique was based on helmet outflow-trace analysis. Helmet inflow was increased from 60 to 75 and 90 L/min to match the patient’s peak inspiratory flow; an additional subset of tests was conducted under the condition of purposely insufficient inflow (i.e., high respiratory distress and 60 L/min inflow).

Results
The tidal volumes examined herein ranged from 250 to 910 mL. The Bland‒Altman analysis showed a bias of -3.2 ± 29.3 mL for measured tidal volumes compared to the reference, corresponding to an average relative error of -1 ± 4.4%. Tidal volume underestimation correlated with respiratory rate (rho = .411, p = .004) but not with peak inspiratory flow, distress, or PEEP. When the helmet inflow was maintained purposely low, tidal volume underestimation occurred (bias − 93.3 ± 83.9 mL), corresponding to an error of -14.8 ± 6.3%.

Conclusion
Tidal volume measurement is feasible and accurate during bench continuous-flow helmet CPAP therapy by the analysis of the outflow signal, provided that helmet inflow is adequate to match the patient’s inspiratory efforts. Insufficient inflow resulted in tidal volume underestimation. In vivo data are needed to confirm these findings.
Enormous Variation in Homogeneity and Other Anomalous Features of Room Temperature Superconductor Samples: A Comment on Nature 615, 244 (2023)
Authors: Hirsch J. E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe resistive transition width of a recently discovered room temperature near-ambient-pressure hydride superconductor [1] changes by more than three orders of magnitude between different samples, with the transition temperature nearly unchanged. For the narrowest transitions, the transition width relative to$$T_c$$Tcis only$$0.014 \%$$0.014%. The voltage-current characteristics indicate vanishing critical current, and the normal state resistance is unusually small. These anomalous behaviors and other issues indicate that this system is not a superconductor. Implications for other hydrides are discussed.
Effect of nanoclay (NC) on mechanical and thermal properties of cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs) filled cornstarch bioplastic film
Authors: Olusanya J. O. , Mohan T. P. , Kanny K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the effect of nanoclay for improving the interfacial properties of starch bioplastic material filled with cellulose-nanoparticles (CNPs). The CNPs were prepared through acid-hydrolysis process by using acid concentration to break the amorphous region of chopped fiber to produce nano-cellulose. Various CNPs concentration (0.5 – 2.5 wt.%) were dispersed in cornstarch biopolymer matrix to form bioplastic films through solution casting method and listed for thermal and mechanical properties. Cornstarch bioplastic filled with 1.5 wt.% of CNPs showed optimum improvement in thermal and mechanical properties. Furthermore, nanoclay (NC) of varying weight percentage (0.1 – 0.5 wt. %) were added to the optimum improved 1.5 wt.% CNPs filled cornstarch bioplastic material. Hence, the hybrid cellulose-nanoparticles/nanoclay (CNPs/NC) filled cornstarch was improved both thermally and mechanically. The stiffness parameter ($${\beta }_{f}$$βf) and confinement region ($$C$$C) of the bioplastic during relaxation stage were 0.70 and 1.03 respectively for hybrid fillers at 1.5/0.3_CNPs/NC, which is an indication that nanoclay had a very good reinforcing effect on the starch polymer system. Improved tensile modulus and tensile strength of the CNPs/NC by 639% and 97% respectively were found when compared to CNPs filled cornstarch bioplastic material. Furthermore, the addition of nanoclay slow down the effect of water absorption rate. Hence, the water uptake of the bioplastic film was normalized.
Epistemic norms on evidence-gathering
Authors: Flores Carolina , Woodard Elise 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we argue that there are epistemic norms on evidence-gathering and consider consequences for how to understand epistemic normativity. Though the view that there are such norms seems intuitive, it has found surprisingly little defense. Rather, many philosophers have argued that norms on evidence-gathering can only be practical or moral. On a prominent evidentialist version of this position, epistemic norms only apply to responding to the evidence one already has. Here we challenge the orthodoxy. First, we argue that there is no significant normative difference between responding to evidence you have and gathering more evidence. Second, we argue that our practices of epistemically criticizing agents for their poor evidence-gathering indicate the existence of epistemic norms on evidence-gathering. Finally, we show that our thesis has important implications for recent debates about the relationship between epistemic norms and inquiry.
The problem of collective impact: why helping doesn’t do the trick
Authors: Asker Andrea S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCollective impact cases are situations where people collectively bring about a morally significant outcome by each acting in a certain way, and yet each individual action seems to make no, or almost no difference to the outcome. Intuitively, the beneficial or harmful outcomes give individuals moral reason to act (or refrain from acting) in collective impact situations. However, if the individual action does not make a difference to the outcome, it is not clear what those moral reasons are. The problem of collective impact is the challenge of identifying such moral reasons. Julia Nefsky has presented an account of how an individual action can help without making a difference – call it the Helping Account – that claims to provide a general solution to the problem of collective impact while avoiding problems faced by previously suggested solutions. I present an internal critique of Nefsky’s work. First, I argue that, based on the problems that Nefsky has raised against previously suggested solutions, three success conditions for a general solution to the problem of collective impact can be formulated: The Weightiness condition, the Generalizability condition, and the Connectedness condition. Second, I argue that the Helping Account fails to satisfy the three success conditions, thereby failing, by Nefsky’s own standards, to provide a general solution to the problem.
Discriminatory Experiences Among Black Youth: How Encounters and Expectations Explain Emotional Well-Being
Authors: Summers-Gabr Nicole M. , Sato Mikiko , Chilenski Sarah M. , Villarruel Francisco , Smith Paula , Henderson Charles , Newell Jeremiah , Wilson Hilder , Craig Astrid 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Research suggests that encounters with racism are related to depression in Black youth. However, less is known about how experienced racial discrimination can influence other aspects of well-being among Black youth including their socio-emotional development and behavior. In addition, emerging literature highlights the critical ways anticipated racial discrimination may impact the emotional well-being of Black youth. To address these gaps, the current study assessed whether experienced discrimination was associated with higher levels of internalizing problems (anxiety/depression, suicidal thoughts) and lower levels of socio-emotional development (emotion regulation, prosocial behavior). We then tested whether expected discrimination contributed to similar patterns. Lastly, this study examined how age and gender moderated this relationship. Across eight schools in three communities, 1435 Black youth (56.57% female; 56.40% 10th grade) in 10th and 12th grades responded to the Youth Experience Survey. Using a series of hierarchical linear and hierarchical binary logistic regressions, results found that those who experienced racial discrimination and expected discrimination demonstrated higher internalizing problems and lower socio-emotional development; however, expected discrimination often accounted for more variance than experienced. These findings suggest the multifaceted influence both experienced and expected racial discrimination have on the well-being of Black youth and can provide important insights to community prevention systems.