bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tendencias en la mortalidad materna en el departamento de Córdoba – Colombia, 2008 – 2020
Authors: Ramos Lafont Claudia Patricia , Montenegro Martínez Gino 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Maternal mortality is recognized worldwide as a public health issue, a situation that has been addressed by the United Nations (UN) including its reduction within the third objective of sustainable development. Likewise, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) have been in charge of establishing programs focusing on promoting and improving maternal health.Objective: Analyze the evolution of maternal mortality in the department of Córdoba - Colombia in the period 2008 to 2020 and identify changes in the trend.Method: Ecological with retrospective information. The maternal mortality ratio was calculated for the department of Córdoba and for Colombia for the period 2008 - 2020. Using joinpoint regression, the Annual Percentage Change (APC) of the ratio was estimated and inflection points were identified.Results: The results of the study show two periods with an increasing trend for the department of Córdoba: the first between 2008 and 2010 with a PCA of 8.3 (95% CI: -71.3 – 462.6) and the second between 2018 and 2020 with a APC of 20.8 (CI95% -63.3 – 297.3). However, the p value in both time periods is not statistically significant.Conclusions: The MMR in the department of Córdoba presents a fluctuating behavior with large increases and sudden decreases that suggest deficiencies in the recording of information and in the notification of the event.
Introducción: La mortalidad materna es reconocida globalmente como un problema de salud pública, situación que ha sido abordada por la Organización de Naciones Unidas (ONU) incluyendo su reducción dentro del tercer Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible. Así mismo, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) se han ocupado de instaurar programas encaminados a promover y mejorar la salud materna.Objetivo: Analizar la evolución de la mortalidad materna en el departamento de Córdoba – Colombia en el periodo 2008 a 2020 e identificar los cambios en la tendencia.Método: Ecológico con información retrospectiva. Se calculó la razón de mortalidad materna para el departamento de Córdoba y para Colombia para el periodo 2008 - 2020. Mediante la regresión joinpoint se estimó el Porcentaje de Cambio Anual (PCA) de la razón y se identificaron puntos de inflexión.Resultados: Los resultados del estudio evidencian para el departamento de Córdoba dos periodos con tendencia creciente: el primero entre el 2008 y 2010 con un PCA de 8,3 (IC95%: -71,3 – 462,6) y el segundo 2018 y 2020 con un PCA de 20,8 (IC95% -63,3 – 297,3). Sin embargo, el valor de p en ambos periodos de tiempo no resulta estadísticamente significativo.Conclusiones: La RMM en el departamento de Córdoba presenta un comportamiento fluctuante con grandes aumentos y repentinos descensos que sugieren deficiencias en el registro de la información y en la notificación del evento.
Impact of Orientation Programmes on Fresh Students in the Colleges of Education in Ghana: A Case of St. Monica’s College of Education
Authors: Ndah Divine Selorm , Agyeman Emma Poku , Dawson-Ahmoah Joseph , Asare Bernard Ogyri , Adu Nelson 
Published: April 2023

The focus of the paper was to find out how orientation programmes at Saint Monica’s College impact on the fresh students in the College and find ways through which such programmes could be strengthen. The study adopted case study approach of the qualitative design and targeted Lecturers, Counselors and Students. The study used the mixed methods to solicit data. The respondents were however sampled using random and purposive sampling techniques. Data was analyzed using content thematic approach. It was revealed that, orientation programmes help students to socialize properly in the new environment. Besides, the programme helps to clear misconceptions that associate with courses of study in the College. It came out that, orientation programmes should be extended to cover a longer period and also, such programmes should be added to the Student Representative Council’s activities so as to attract mass students’ participation.
An Error Analysis of Implicit Finite Difference Method with Mamadu-Njoseh Basis Functions for Time Fractional Telegraph Equation
Authors: Mamadu E. J. , Ojarikre H. I. , Njoseh I. N. 
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we proposed and analyzed the error estimate of an implicit finite difference method with Mamadu-Njoseh as basis functions for time fractional telegraph equation. To enhance the efficacy of the method we first transform the Caputo type fractional derivative into Riemann-Liouville derivatives. The error analysis of the method is stated and proven. Also, the optimal results for scalars unknown in norm were derived for the two-dimensional case. Numerical illustrations are presented to test the reliability of the analytical and computed results. The resulting numerical evidence shows that the proposed method convergences more rapidly than the standard finite difference method. MAPLE 18 is used for all mathematical procedures in this paper.
Climate Change and Its Impact on Human Health in Mexico
Authors: Ulises Ramírez-Sánchez Hermes , Lucia Fajardo-Montiel Aida , Alejandro Castellanos-Tadeo Cesar , Torre-Villaseñor DE la 
Published: April 2023

Climate change is affecting health in a variety of ways, including deaths and illness from extreme weather events, heat waves, storms and floods, the disruption of food systems, an increase in zoonoses and food, water and vector-borne diseases, mental health problems and environmental migration. It is also undermining social determinants of good health, such as livelihoods, equality and access to health care and social support structures. These risks disproportionately affect the most vulnerable and disadvantaged people (women, children, ethnic workers, poor communities, migrants and/or displaced persons, older adults and people with underlying health conditions). The objective of this study is to present a set of regional projections of temperature, rainfall, humidity and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Indices (SPEI) drought index for Mexico under the sixth evaluation cycle (AR6) climate change scenarios of the (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), improving the projections of the Ocean-Atmospheric General Circulation Models and estimating the possible impacts of climate change on the health sector of Mexico. Regional models for Mexico show temperature increases ranging from 0.5 to 5°C, while % precipitation anomaly will range from -20.3 to 13.5% depending on scenario and period of analysis. The low soil moisture, the negative changes of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and SPEI 12 show that the North, West and Bajío zones presented reductions in precipitation and temperature increase that caused soil moisture deficit, water stress, presence of scarce vegetation and semi-permanent meteorological drought. Under these scenarios, it is expected that the entire country will be subjected to moderate to extremely strong droughts that will last and worsen between now and the end of the century. The results of the scenario projections and forecasts made by the IPCC show that diseases associated with climate change have already been present for several decades in Mexico and are expected to worsen by the end of the century, with consequent increases in health expenditures. It is estimated an increase in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) investment in the health sector that would go from the current 6.25% to more than 18%, while per capita spending will increase from $ 1230 US dollars to more than $ 3800 dollars at the end of the century, which could perhaps be unfeasible for the national economy, since it is estimated that productivity in the three sectors would be substantially reduced by the end of the century by the same effects of climate change. Thus, the vulnerability of the health sector in Mexico is high to very high, which puts the population at high risk.
Genetic Variability and Character Association Analysis for Seed Yield and its Attributes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Poonia Mukesh Kumar , Kumar Anil , Kumar Vishnu , Bhanu Akhouri Nishant , Kumar Shailendra 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: The experiment was conducted in Research Farm, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, during Rabi season 2019-2020 using augmented block design in five blocks. The objective was to assess the genetic variability and character association analysis of eighty-two wheat genotypes.
Methodology: Eighty-two genotypes including three checks (HI1544, DBW110, and GW322) observed its various quantitative traits for genetic variation, heritability, genetic advance, and character association. The observations were recorded on fifteen agro-morphological and physiological characters viz; days to 50 percent heading, days to maturity, canopy temperature (oC), chlorophyll content, flag leaf width (cm), flag leaf length (cm), tillers per meter, peduncle length (cm), plant height (cm), spike length (cm), awn length (cm), 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield per plant (g), biological yield per plant (g) and harvest index (%). Statistical analysis was carried out by R Programming and SAS version 9.2 statistical software.
Results: The genotypes IC443619, IC6165734, and IC624496 were having earlier days to maturity than the best check DBW110. HD3086, K0307, PBW343, RAJ3, 765, and MACS6478 have been found promising for grain yield per plant. The highest Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were recorded for tillers per plant followed by awn length, peduncle length, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, plant height, and spike length. Heritability in broad sense wide ranged from 26.3 percent for canopy temperature to 95.63 percent for grain yield per plant. The grain yield per plant showed a positive and significant correlation with biological yield per plant, harvest index, and tillers per meter, whereas it showed a negative significant association with awn length.
Conclusion: The relationship between grain yield per plant and biological yield per plant, harvest index, and tillers per metre was positive and significant, indicating that an increase in these component characteristics will also boost economic grain yield per plant.
Yield and Economics of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) as Influence by Spacing and Nipping in Manipur
Authors: Baite Flora Veilalkim , Abonmai Tabuiliu , Devi Kshetrimayum Manishwari , Singh M. S. 
Published: April 2023

Aims: To study the yield and economics of pea (Pisum Sativum L.) as influence by spacing and nipping in Manipur.
Study Design: Factorial randomized block design (FRBD).
Place and Duration of Study: Experimental field of College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur, rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15.
Methodology: The treatment combinations involving two factors were S1N1, S1N2, S2N1, S2N2, S3N1, S3N2, S4N1 and S4N2 (Spacing i.e., S1-20X15cm, S2-20X20cm, S3-30X10cm and S4-30X15cm and nipping i.e., N1-No nipping and N2-Nipping.
Results: The pooled results of two years of study revealed that the yield differed significantly at a 5% probability level with different treatment combinations. The number of branches at harvest was significantly affected by both spacing and nipping with maximum branches in treatment combination S4N2 resulting in highest number of pods observed in S4N2 with 11.02 (pooled) and the lowest in S1N1. Spacing and nipping treatment had no significant influence on the pod length. The maximum stover yield was recorded in S1N2 with 27.35 q/ha and minimum in S4N1 with 22.02 q/ha. The highest seed yield of 16.05 q/ha was recorded in S4N2 with highest net return (₹ 2,05392/ha) and cost-benefit ratio (1:4.69). The present study suggests that the spacing of 30x15cm with nipping was found to be the best amongst the treatment combinations in regards to yield and higher feasible net returns.
Survey in Iranian Malaria Blood Donation Deferral: Laboratory Evaluation in Malaria Blood Donation Deferral in the Iranian Blood Centers
Authors: Darestani Sakineh Yousefi , Aghaie Afsaneh , Gharavi Mohammad Javad , Heidari Ali Ehsan , Samiei Shahram 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM), from a malaria infected donor, is an accidental Plasmodium infection, which is one of the concerns of blood transfusion issue in the world. Countries have adopted different strategies for donor selection and improving criteria to overcome these concerns, In the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO), donors who refer to blood transfusion centers after registration are screened by the physicians based on interview and examination. This prevention due to the possibility of malaria infection is called malaria donor deferral strategy.
Methods: In this study 248 malaria blood donation deferral samples were selected and evaluated by microscopic, serological and molecular methods, after completing the questionnaire.
Results: The results of the survey of the questionnaires showed that 30 cases were deferred from donating blood due to having a history of malaria infection. In microscopic examination, Plasmodium ring was observed in 2 samples and 2 samples were also reported as suspicious. In serological examination, 23 cases (9.27%) were reported positive. All cases were reported negative for the presence of malaria parasite DNA.
Conclusions: The adoption of TTM prevention strategies depends on the malaria endemicity of the geographical area. According to the IBTO instructions, donors are examined and interviewed by a blood transfusion physician’s and owning to traveling or residency in endemic area or malaria infection, deferred temporary or permanently.
Recent study reveal that the strategy of donor selection and deferral in the IBTO, with little residual risk of malaria transmitting, is sufficient to prevent the occurrence of TTM in Iran.
Sequential APACHE II Scores for Prediction of Mortality in Patients with Severe Malaria and Admitted to Critical Care Facilities
Authors: Majmundar Aarjuv , Shah Prayans , Mayavanshi Jayant , Shah Chintan , Lakhani Sucheta , Lakhani Jitendra D. , Darda Shubham 
Published: April 2023

Background/Aims: Both generic and disease specific prognostic scoring systems have been employed in areas of critical care. The score of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II is a generic point score which provides general assessment of illness and severity. In order to determine the mortality of critically ill malaria patients, this study aims to find the ideal time point for the APACHE II score.
Materials and Methods: This longitudinal study was carried out after getting necessary ethics committee approval. Score of APACHE II on days 0, 2nd and 7th were evaluated and appropriate statistical tests were applied.
Results: Out of 120 patients, 54 patients were of P. vivax, P. falciparum - 60 and six mixed infection patients. Mean APACHE II score was maximum on day 0 followed by day 2 and 7 in decreasing order. The APACHE II score was statistically greater on all days in patients who didn’t survive. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve when plotted showed score of APACHE II on day 2 - cut-off ≥14 to be the most valid in mortality prediction with a sensitivity of 64.28% and specificity of 87.80% as most of the results were on the left from the diagonal line and had greatest area under the curve.
Conclusion: The prognostic score APACHE II was discovered to be helpful in patients with severe falciparum/vivax malaria who required intensive care treatment since the second day's sequential score significantly differentiates between survivors and non-survivors. The optimum cut-off for identifying individuals at high risk of mortality is 14, and the Day-2 APACHE II score is an ideal biomarker for predicting the outcomes of ICU patients.
Recommendation: Malaria is a major cause of tropical sepsis in India leading to significant amount of mortality. Sequential APACHE II scoring instead of single time APACHE II score calculated on admission could have a role in evaluation of effectiveness of treatment, trend in recovery or dysfunction and prediction of mortality.
Self Esteem, Depression and Life Satisfaction among HIV out Patients Receiving Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital
Authors: Okwaraji Friday E. , Onyebueke Godwin C. , Okpara Titus C. 
Published: April 2023

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate self esteem, depression and life satisfaction in a sample of HIV patients receiving highly active anti retroviral therapy (HAART) attending a Nigerian tertiary health institution.
Study Design: The descriptive cross sectional study design was used for the study.
Place and Duration of the Study: The study was carried out at the HIV/AIDS clinic of the university of Nigeria teaching hospital Enugu in south east Nigeria between the months of January and February 2023.
Methodology: A total of 480 HIV/AIDS positive patients on HAART aged between 23 to 61 years attending the HIV/AIDS clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching hospital Enugu who consented to participate in the study were assessed for self esteem, life satisfaction and depression with the Rosenberg self esteem scale, the life satisfaction scale by Diener and the Beck’s depression inventory version two.
Results: Results revealed that 53.7% of the HIV patients on HAART manifested no signs of depression; 63.8% had high self esteem and 73.1% were satisfied with their lives; however 25.2%; 15.8% and 5.5% showed signs of mild, moderate and severe depression respectively; 36.2% had low self esteem, whereas 26.9% indicated not being satisfied with their lives.
Conclusion: Following the benefits of HAARTS on the management of HIV/AIDS patients as noticed in the study, there is need for health workers to ensure strict adherence on HAART regimen for optimum suppression of HIV as recommended by The World Health Organization; furthermore, there is need to ensure continuous provision of psychological support to all HIV/AIDS patients as a way of reducing the psychosocial sequelae associated with HIV/AIDS.
Capacity for Regulation of Energy Intake in Infancy
Authors: Reynolds Lyndsey A. F. , McCaffery Harlan , Appugliese Danielle , Kaciroti Niko A. , Miller Alison L. , Rosenblum Katherine L. , Gearhardt Ashley N. , Lumeng Julie C. 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceThe capacity for regulation of energy intake (REI) to match energy needs is thought to contribute to differences in weight gain, and preventing excess infant weight gain is a priority.ObjectiveTo determine capacity for REI across infancy.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsFor this cohort study, a convenience sample of mother-infant dyads was recruited from the community in Michigan between 2015 and 2019. Inclusion criteria were healthy, full-term infants with weight appropriate for gestational age; biological mothers who were 18 years or older, English speaking, and a legal and custodial guardian; and infant having had consumed 2 oz or more in 1 feeding from an artificial nipple at least once per week. Infants were followed in the home setting with staff support for up to 12 months.InterventionsMother-infant dyads participated at infant age 1, 2.5, 5, 7, 10, and 12 months. In the intervention condition, mothers offered a feeding every hour for 6 hours. In the control condition, mothers fed infants as they typically would for 6 hours. Intake was recorded and kilocalories calculated.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCapacity for REI was indexed as the difference in intake in kilocalories per kilogram of body weight (intervention minus control condition); a value of 0 indicated perfect REI. Maternal and infant characteristics were obtained by questionnaire, and anthropometry was measured. Using multiple imputation, the intercept and slope for difference in kilocalories per kilogram across the 6 age points were estimated using mixed models accounting for repeated measures within participants. Statistical analyses were conducted between September 2021 and February 2023.ResultsThe sample included 175 infants (87 [49.71%] female, 88 [50.29%] male; 494 pairs of intervention and control conditions and 4630 feedings). The mean (SD) 12-month weight-for-age z score was 0.1 (0.8). Mean (SD) gestational age as 39.55 (1.05) weeks, and mean (SD) birth weight was 3.43 (0.41) kg. Mean (SD) breastfeeding duration for those who reported stopping by 12 months was 17.83 (12.03) weeks. As designed, the intervention (compared with control) condition included more feedings at shorter intervals. After collapsing the data across age points in a mixed model accounting for repeated measures within participants, the REI estimate at 1 month differed from 0. On average, infants ate 5.21 kcal/kg (95% CI, 2.89-7.54 kcal/kg) more in the frequent feeding intervention condition than in the ad lib feeding control condition. This difference did not significantly change over 12 months of infancy (REI slope = −0.01 kcal/kg per month; 95% CI, −0.02 to 0.03 kcal/kg per month).Conclusions and RelevanceThe study’s findings suggested that, on average, when offered more frequent feedings, healthy, full-term infants may overeat. The results provide support for responsive feeding as a strategy for preventing excess infant weight gain.
A Universal Strategy Toward Low‐Cost Aqueous Sulfur–Iodine Batteries
Authors: Wei Chuanlong , Wang Yan , Ding Zhezheng , Fang Timing , Song Jianjun , Zhang You , Lv Shuyao , Liu Xiaomin , Tang Xiao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRechargeable aqueous batteries with non‐toxic and non‐flammable features are promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage. However, their practical applications are impeded by the insufficient electrochemical stability windows of aqueous electrolytes and intrinsic drawbacks of current electrodes. Herein, an aqueous sulfur–iodine chemistry that can be deployed in aqueous battery systems by employing water‐in‐bisalt (WiBS) electrolyte, sulfur composite anode, and iodine composite cathode is demonstrated. The freestanding iodine/carbon cloth cathode and halide‐containing WiBS electrolyte can support the continuous I+/I0 reaction by forming interhalogen. Meanwhile, the highly‐concentrated electrolyte and inorganic‐based solid electrolyte interphase can effectively suppress the dissolution/diffusion of polysulfides, thus realizing S/Sx2− conversion reactions on the anode. Therefore, the as‐assembled aqueous sulfur–iodine batteries based on S/Sx2− and I+/I0 redox couples can deliver a high energy density of 158.7 Wh kg−1 with a considerable cycling performance and safety. Furthermore, this chemistry can be further extended to multivalent ion‐based battery systems. As demonstration models, Ca‐based and Al‐based aqueous sulfur–iodine batteries are also fabricated, which provide a new avenue towards the development of aqueous batteries for low‐cost and highly safe energy storage.