bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Skajaa Nils , Riahi Emil Bjerregaard , Szépligeti Szimonetta Komjáthiné , Horváth‐Puhó Erzsébet , Sørensen Trine Toft , Henderson Victor W. , Sørensen Henrik Toft 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes and obesity may be inversely associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but the evidence is controversial.MethodsUsing Danish, nationwide registries (1980‐2016), we identified patients with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (N = 295,653) and patients with a diagnosis of obesity (N = 312,108). Patients were matched (1:3) to persons from the general population on birth year and sex. We computed incidence rates and Cox regression derived hazard ratios (HRs) of a diagnosis of ALS. In multivariable analyses, HRs were controlled for sex, birth year, calendar year, and comorbidities.ResultsWe observed 168 incident cases of ALS (0.7 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.6–0.8] per 10,000 person‐years) among patients with type 2 diabetes and 859 incident cases of ALS (0.9 [95% CI: 0.9–1.0] per 10,000 person‐years) among matched comparators. The adjusted HR was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.72–1.04). The association was present among men (adjusted HR: 0.78 [95% CI: 0.62–0.99]) but not women (adjusted HR: 1.03 [95% CI: 0.78–1.37]), and among those aged ≥60 years (adjusted HR: 0.75 [95% CI: 0.59–0.96]) but not younger. We observed 111 ALS events (0.4 [95% CI: 0.4–0.5] per 10,000 person‐years) among obesity patients and 431 ALS events (0.5 [95% CI: 0.5–0.6] per 10,000 person‐years) among comparators. The adjusted HR was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.70–1.11).ConclusionsDiagnoses of type 2 diabetes and obesity were associated with a reduced rate of ALS compared with general population comparators, particularly among men and patients aged 60 years or above. However, absolute rate differences were small.
Antisense oligonucleotides targeting basal forebrain ATXN2 enhances spatial memory and ameliorates sleep deprivation‐induced fear memory impairment in mice
Authors: Ma Tao , Feng Long , Wei Shi‐Nan , Wang Ying‐Ying , Li Guan‐Hua , Lu Yan , Zhang Ying‐Xin , Chu Yang , Wang Wei , Zhang Hao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionRegulation of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the basal forebrain ameliorates sleep deprivation‐induced fear memory impairments in rodents. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting ATXN2 was a potential therapy for spinocerebellar ataxia, whose pathogenic mechanism associates with reduced BDNF expression. We tested the hypothesis that ASO7 targeting ATXN2 could affect BDNF levels in mouse basal forebrain and ameliorate sleep deprivation‐induced fear memory impairments.MethodsAdult male C57BL/6 mice were used to evaluate the effects of ASO7 targeting ATXN2 microinjected into the bilateral basal forebrain (1 μg, 0.5 μL, each side) on spatial memory, fear memory and sleep deprivation‐induced fear memory impairments. Spatial memory and fear memory were detected by the Morris water maze and step‐down inhibitory avoidance test, respectively. Immunohistochemistry, RT‐PCR, and Western blot were used to evaluate the changes of levels of BDNF, ATXN2, and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) protein as well as ATXN2 mRNA. The morphological changes in neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region were detected by HE staining and Nissl staining.ResultsASO7 targeting ATXN2 microinjected into the basal forebrain could suppress ATXN2 mRNA and protein expression for more than 1 month and enhance spatial memory but not fear memory in mice. BDNF mRNA and protein expression in basal forebrain and hippocampus was increased by ASO7. Moreover, PSD95 expression and synapse formation were increased in the hippocampus. Furthermore, ASO7 microinjected into the basal forebrain increased BDNF and PSD95 protein expression in the basal forebrain of sleep‐deprived mice and counteracted sleep deprivation‐induced fear memory impairments.ConclusionASOs targeting ATXN2 may provide effective interventions for sleep deprivation‐induced cognitive impairments.
An enriched environment improves maternal sleep deprivation‐induced cognitive deficits and synaptic plasticity via hippocampal histone acetylation
Authors: Zhang Yue‐Ming , Wei Ru‐Meng , Ni Ming‐Zhu , Wu Qi‐Tao , Li Yun , Ge Yi‐Jun , Kong Xiao‐Yi , Li Xue‐Yan , Chen Gui‐Hai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionGrowing evidence clearly demonstrates that maternal rodents exposure to sleep deprivation (SD) during late pregnancy impairs learning and memory in their offspring. Epigenetic mechanisms, particularly histone acetylation, are known to be involved in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. We hypothesize that the cognitive decline induced by SD during late pregnancy is associated with histone acetylation dysfunction, and this effect could be reversed by an enriched environment (EE).MethodsIn the present study, pregnant CD‐1 mice were exposed to SD during the third trimester of pregnancy. After weaning, all offspring were randomly assigned to two subgroups in either a standard environment or an EE. When offspring were 3 months old, the Morris water maze was used to evaluate hippocampal‐dependent learning and memory ability. Molecular biological techniques, including western blot and real‐time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, were used to examine the histone acetylation pathway and synaptic plasticity markers in the hippocampus of offspring.ResultsThe results showed that the following were all reversed by EE treatment: maternal SD (MSD)‐induced cognitive deficits including spatial learning and memory; histone acetylation dysfunction including increased histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and decreased histone acetyltransferase (CBP), and the acetylation levels of H3K9 and H4K12; synaptic plasticity dysfunction including decreased brain‐derived neurotrophic factor; and postsynaptic density protein‐95.ConclusionsOur findings suggested that MSD could damage learning ability and memory in offspring via the histone acetylation pathway. This effect could be reversed by EE treatment.
Endoscopically injectable and self‐crosslinkable hydrogel‐mediated stem cell transplantation for alleviating esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Chung Hyunsoo , An Soohwan , Han Seung Yeop , Jeon Jihoon , Cho Seung‐Woo , Lee Yong Chan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEsophageal stricture after extensive endoscopic submucosal dissection impairs the quality of life of patients with superficial esophageal carcinoma. Beyond the limitations of conventional treatments including endoscopic balloon dilatation and the application of oral/topical corticosteroids, several cell therapies have been recently attempted. However, such methods are still limited in clinical situations and existing setups, and the efficacies are less in some cases since the transplanted cells hardly remain at the resection site for a long time due to swallowing and peristalsis of the esophagus. Thus, a cell transplantation platform directly applicable with clinically established equipment and enabling stable retention of transplanted cells can be a promising therapeutic option for better clinical outcomes. Inspired by ascidians that rapidly self‐regenerate, this study demonstrates endoscopically injectable and self‐crosslinkable hyaluronate that allows both endoscopic injection in a liquid state and self‐crosslinking as an in situ‐forming scaffold for stem cell therapy. The pre‐gel solution may compatibly be applied with endoscopic tubes and needles of small diameters, based on the improved injectability compared to the previously reported endoscopically injectable hydrogel system. The hydrogel can be formed via self‐crosslinking under in vivo oxidative environment, while also exhibiting superior biocompatibility. Finally, the mixture containing adipose‐derived stem cells and the hydrogel can significantly alleviate esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection (75% of circumference, 5 cm in length) in a porcine model through paracrine effects of the stem cell in the hydrogel, which modulate regenerative processes. The stricture rates on Day 21 were 79.5% ± 2.0%, 62.8% ± 1.7%, and 37.9% ± 2.9% in the control, stem cell only, and stem cell‐hydrogel groups, respectively (p < 0.05). Therefore, this endoscopically injectable hydrogel‐based therapeutic cell delivery system can serve as a promising platform for cell therapies in various clinically relevant situations.
A rapid diffusion simulation method of multiple‐fluid coupling combined with MPM and PFM
Authors: Zhao Jing , Sun Mengmeng , Wang Feng , Wang Xiaolong , Zhang Jian , Tang Yong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo solve the low diffusion efficiency in the multiple‐fluid coupling process by the Lagrangian method, the paper presents a multiple‐fluid coupling simulation algorithm based on MPM and PFM. First, based on the MPM, we model multiphase flow on Eulerian grids and capture the sharp interfaces between immiscible fluids combined with the PFM. The gas phase is further treated as fluid during the gas–liquid interaction. Second, to demonstrate the natural fluid moving evolution from the high energy state to the low energy state, the paper proposes the local minimize bulk energy function to control the low energy state. Finally, the paper designs and achieves various groups of multiple‐fluid coupling comparison experiments. Experimental results showed that the proposed approach can simulate various effects of rapid diffusion in the multiple‐fluid coupling, such as complete dissolution, mutual solubility, extraction, and other phenomena. Meanwhile, our approach is simple to integrate with existing state‐of‐the‐art MPM solvers.
Sesquiterpenoids from the Resina Commiphora Promoting the Apoptotic Activity of PC‐3 Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Dong Lu , Li Yanpeng , Qin Fuying , Cheng Yongxian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFour new germacrane‐type sesquiterpenes commiphoranes M1‐M4 (1‐4) together with eighteen sesquiterpenes were isolated from the Resina Commiphora. The structures and relative configurations of new substances were determined by using spectroscopic methods. Biological activity investigation revealed that nine compounds including 7, 9, 14, 16, (+)‐17, (−)‐17, 18, 19, and 20 could induce the apoptosis of prostate cancer originated PC‐3 cells, through classic apoptosis signaling pathway, even using flow cytometry showed that the compound (+)‐17 caused apoptosis of PC‐3 cells more than 40 %, suggesting their potential therapeutic application in the development of novel drugs against prostate cancer.
Unusual intrauterine retained fetal skeletal bony fragments: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mremi Alex , Mwidibo Yusuph , Mlay Joseph , Mchome Bariki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn unusual finding in hysterectomy specimen. Associated with a history of abortion. Etiology remains unclear. Clinically it presents with infertility, chronic pelvic pain, menorrhagia, and vaginal discharge. Treatment is by hysterescopic excision.
Finite sample and asymptotic distributions of a statistic for sufficient follow‐up in cure models
Authors: Maller Ross , Resnick Sidney , Shemehsavar Soudabeh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe existence of immune or cured individuals in a population and whether there is sufficient follow‐up in a sample of censored observations on their lifetimes to be confident of their presence are questions of major importance in medical survival analysis. Here we give a detailed analysis of a statistic designed to test for sufficient follow‐up in a sample. Assuming an i.i.d. censoring model, we obtain exact finite‐sample and asymptotic distributions for the statistic, and use these to calculate the power of a test based on it. A particularly useful finding is that the asymptotic distribution of the test statistic is parameter‐free in the null case when follow‐up is insufficient. The methods are illustrated with application to a glioma cancer dataset.
rcell2: Microscopy‐Based Cytometry in R
Authors: Méndez Nicolás A. , Beldorati German , Constantinou Andreas , Colman‐Lerner Alejandro 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article describes a method for quantifying various cellular features (e.g., volume, curvature, total and sub‐cellular fluorescence localization) of individual cells from sets of microscope images, and for tracking them over time‐course microscopy experiments. One purposely defocused transmission image (sometimes referred to as bright‐field or BF) is used to segment the image and locate each cell. Fluorescence images (one for each of the color channels or z‐stacks to be analyzed) may be acquired by conventional wide‐field epifluorescence or confocal microscopy. This method uses a set of R packages called rcell2. Relative to the original release of Rcell (Bush et al., 2012), the updated version bundles, into a single software suite, the image‐processing capabilities of Cell‐ID, offers new data analysis tools for cytometry, and relies on the widely used data analysis and visualization tools of the statistical programming framework R. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Extracting quantitative information from single cellsSupport Protocol 1: Obtaining and installing Cell‐ID and RSupport Protocol 2: Preparing cells for imaging
Performance of tetraploid biofortified potato clones in Rwanda
Authors: Rukundo Placide , Ndacyayisenga Theophile , Vandamme Elke , Nshimiyimana Jean Claude , Thiago Mendes 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe potential of biofortified crops and their critical role in Rwandan diets motivated the Ministry of Agriculture through Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board (RAB) to adopt a national policy of combating micronutrients’ deficiencies by developing and releasing fortified crop varieties. In this context, 37 biofortified potato (Solanum tuberosum) clones were introduced from the International Potato Center (CIP) and evaluated for two growing seasons in four agroecological zones in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The evaluation was conducted on the vegetative development traits, root yield (ton/ha), dry matter content (%), iron and zinc (mg/kg) content, flesh color, processing qualities, and taste. The average yield varied between 11.5 and 20.8 ton/ha for biofortified potato clones, while the local checks revealed a yield ranging between 21.5 and 21.8 ton/ha. The dry matter content was between 18.9% and 25.9%, while the local check revealed a dry matter content ranging between 22.4% and 25.4%. The iron and zinc contents ranging between 11.51–27.84 mg/kg and 22.39–43.57 mg/kg was observed on tested bifortifed potato clones, while these contents were ranging between 5.23–8.12 mg/kg and 19.17–21.88 mg/kg for local checks, respectively. Five biofortified clones (CIP312507.311, CIP312764.013, CIP312721.169, CIP312735.253, and CIP312682.042) revealed a chipping quality similar to Kinigi, the most popular potato variety in Rwanda. Regarding the culinary test, the clone CIP312725.057 revealed a bitter taste, 10 clones were ranked as very well, and two clones were ranked as good. Regarding the farmers’ feedback, seven clones, namely, CIP312764.013, CIP312721.169, CIP312735.253, CIP312682.042, CIP312721.038, CIP312621.069, and CIP312637.132, were ranked as very good including the local checks Kinigi and Kirundo. Three clones (CIP312507.311, CIP312725.048, and CIP312721.286) were ranked as good, while the clones CIP312507.312 and CIP312725.057 were ranked as bad. In this study, 10 good clones were selected for further evaluation for release as the first biofortified potato varieties in Rwanda or used in crossing blocks for population improvement.
Measurement of two‐layer medium dielectric property using a novel parameters model in radio frequency
Authors: Fan Li‐Feng , Wang Zhong‐Yi , Huang Lan , Wang Yan‐Hui 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThe RLCG parameters model and one‐port measurement model of the closed‐double ring electrodes have been established to obtain the dielectric properties of two‐layer medium in radio frequency. The accuracy of these models was verified by electromagnetic simulation experiments and the permittivity measurement experiments under 160 MHz. Results showed that (1) When the medium dielectric constant
, the calculation values based on the models and the real values, have a determination coefficient
using the quadratic regression function fitting; (2) the effective sensing depth of the ring electrodes was about the structural wavelength of the ring electrodes; (3) the measuring permittivity of the intact mature corn ear were in good agreement with the results in the literatures. This study demonstrates a practical technique to extract the permittivity of two‐layer medium with the ring electrodes, and will provide a new way to in situ monitoring the physiological changes of two‐layer medium and environmental parameters.
Administration of an LXR agonist promotes atherosclerotic lesion remodelling in murine inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Dragoljevic Dragana , Lee Man Kit Sam , Pernes Gerard , Morgan Pooranee K , Louis Cynthia , Shihata Waled , Huynh Kevin , Kochetkova Arina A , Bell Patrick W , Mellett Natalie A , Meikle Peter J , Lancaster Graeme I , Kraakman Michael J , Nagareddy Prabhakara R , Hanaoka Beatriz Y , Wicks Ian P , Murphy Andrew J 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe leading cause of mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). We have shown that murine arthritis impairs atherosclerotic lesion regression, because of cellular cholesterol efflux defects in haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), causing monocytosis and impaired atherosclerotic regression. Therefore, we hypothesised that improving cholesterol efflux using a Liver X Receptor (LXR) agonist would improve cholesterol efflux and improve atherosclerotic lesion regression in arthritis.MethodsLdlr−/− mice were fed a western‐type diet for 14 weeks to initiate atherogenesis, then switched to a chow diet to induce lesion regression and divided into three groups; (1) control, (2) K/BxN serum transfer inflammatory arthritis (K/BxN) or (3) K/BxN arthritis and LXR agonist T0901317 daily for 2 weeks.ResultsLXR activation during murine inflammatory arthritis completely restored atherosclerotic lesion regression in arthritic mice, evidenced by reduced lesion size, macrophage abundance and lipid content. Mechanistically, serum from arthritic mice promoted foam cell formation, demonstrated by increased cellular lipid accumulation in macrophages and paralleled by a reduction in mRNA of the cholesterol efflux transporters Abca1, Abcg1 and Apoe. T0901317 reduced lipid loading and increased Abca1 and Abcg1 expression in macrophages exposed to arthritic serum and increased ABCA1 levels in atherosclerotic lesions of arthritic mice. Moreover, arthritic clinical score was also attenuated with T0901317.ConclusionTaken together, we show that the LXR agonist T0901317 rescues impaired atherosclerotic lesion regression in murine arthritis because of enhanced cholesterol efflux transporter expression and reduced foam cell development in atherosclerotic lesions.
Generalizability of cognitive results from clinical trial participants to an older adult population: Addressing external validity
Authors: Aslanyan Vahan , Pa Judy , Hodis Howard N. , St. John Jan , Kono Naoko , Henderson Victor W. , Mack Wendy J ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionStudy inclusion criteria and recruitment practices limit the generalizability of randomized‐controlled trial (RCT) results. Statistical modeling could enhance generalizability of outcomes. To illustrate this, the cognition–depression relationship was assessed with and without adjustment relative to the target population of older women.MethodsRandomized participants from four RCTs and non‐randomized participants from two cohorts were included in this study. Prediction models estimated probability of being randomized into trials from target populations. These probabilities were used for inverse odds weighting relative to target populations. Weighted linear regression was used to assess the depression–cognition relationship.ResultsThere was no depression–cognition relationship in the combined randomized sample. After applying weights relative to a representative cohort, negative relationships were observed. After applying weights relative to a non‐representative cohort, bias of estimates increased.DiscussionQuantitative approaches to transportability using representative samples may explain the absence of a‐priori established relationships in RCTs.
Examination of the two‐step water load test as a measure of gastric interoception and associations with eating and weight/shape concerns in a nonclinical sample
Authors: Ahlich Erica , Poovey Kendall , Rancourt Diana 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe current study extended research examining the validity of the two‐step Water Load Test (WLT‐II), an objective, laboratory‐based measure of gastric interoception, by investigating the validity of the WLT‐II in a nonclinical sample and testing its contribution to the prediction of eating and weight/shape concerns.MethodsParticipants (n = 129, 73.6% cisgender female, M = 20.13 years old) completed the WLT‐II Questionnaire and two‐step WLT‐II, as well as self‐report measures of eating and weight/shape concerns (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire; EDE‐Q) and interoception (Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness‐2; Intuitive Eating Scale‐2 Reliance on Hunger and Satiety), in the lab at a large southeastern university. Data analysis included repeated measures ANOVA, correlations, and a series of hierarchical linear regressions.ResultsParticipants reported considerably more discomfort after the “maximum fullness” trial compared to the “satiation” trial. The WLT‐II's objective measure of gastric interoception (sat_%) was not significantly correlated with the self‐report measures of interoception and did not predict EDE‐Q Dietary Restraint, Eating Shame, or Weight/Shape Concerns. Unexpectedly, greater gastric sensitivity was associated with less EDE‐Q Preoccupation/Restriction. Exploratory analyses suggested a possible nonlinear association.DiscussionThese results support the validity of the WLT‐II in its ability to create, measure, and distinguish between the states of satiation and maximum fullness. However, results also suggest additional work is needed to better understand what the WLT‐II's sat_% measure is capturing, as well as investigate potential nonlinear associations of the WLT‐II with disordered eating.Public SignificanceInteroception, or the processing of internal body signals, shows important links to disordered eating. Despite the clear relevance of gastric interoception to disordered eating—such as the ability to detect satiety signals—existing research has relied on general, self‐report measures of interoception. This study examined the utility of a laboratory‐based measure of gastric interoception. Results suggested mixed support for its validity and utility for predicting eating and weight/shape concerns in a nonclinical population.