bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factor analysis for duodenal margin positivity following gastrectomy for resectable gastric cancer
Authors: Kumar S Pradeep , Kalayarasan Raja , Senthil Gnanasekaran , Pottakkat Biju , Rajeswari Murugesan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuodenal margin positivity is a poor prognostic factor following gastrectomy for resectable gastric cancer. Intraoperative frozen section (IFS) analysis allows radical resection to be achieved in a single operation but is time‐ and resource‐consuming. Hence resection is usually performed based on surgeon's judgment and palpation.Aim of studyTo determine risk factors for duodenal resection margin (RM) positivity following gastrectomy for resectable gastric cancer.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively analyzed prospectively maintained data of 376 patients admitted with diagnosis of gastric cancer from August 2011 to January 2020 in JIPMER, a tertiary center in Puducherry, India. Of these, 146 patients underwent gastric resection with curative intent and were the subject of this study. RM status was assessed by definitive histopathology examination. The potential risk factors were compared between patients with positive margin on definitive histopathology examination and a control cohort of similar patients with negative margins.ResultsOf the 146 patients, 16 patients (10.9%), 11 men and 5 women, had positive duodenal margin. The mean age of study group was 59 years. None of the patient characteristics like age, sex, comorbidities, or addictions were statistically significant with regard to duodenal margin positivity. Among tumor characteristics, locally advanced tumors and pyloroantral tumors were found more frequently in the margin‐positive group. High‐risk features for duodenal margin positivity were extensive nodal disease, oligometastatic disease, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and types of surgical access did not have significant impact on RM. Interestingly, both proximal and circumferential resection margin positivity had a linear association with distal margin positivity suggesting that tumor biology may have a significant role in margin positivity. However, none of these factors were statistically significant on multivariate analysis using logistic regression model. Among oligometastatic patients, survival was dependent on R0 resection and was not different from patients without metastases though our study was not powered for survival analysis (mean survival of 11.040 months) and expectedly, duodenal margin positive patients had lower overall survival compared to margin negative patients (mean survival of 5.188 vs. 11.763 months, p = 0.12).ConclusionsLocally advanced tumors and pyloroantral tumors are associated with an increased risk of duodenal margin positivity after gastrectomy for carcinoma stomach and may benefit from intraoperative frozen section analysis as survival is negatively affected by positive RM. Patients with high‐risk features like extensive nodal and oligometastatic disease have a greater propensity for positive duodenal margin. A prospective study with a large sample size is needed to further validate these results.
Factors associated with access to dental care among refugees: A systematic review of quantitative studies
Authors: Veginadu Prabhakar , Gussy Mark , Calache Hanny , Masood Mohd 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo identify, appraise and synthesize the published evidence from quantitative studies on the individual and contextual‐level factors determining access to dental care among refugees worldwide.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted until the last week of February 2022 in four electronic databases – MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science (all databases) and APA PsycINFO – without any restrictions. Quantitative studies published in English language and meeting the a priori eligibility criteria were reviewed and data extracted. Quality assessment was conducted using the National Institutes of Health tool. The identified factors were stratified according to the framework of the Behavioural Model of Health Services Use, and the evidence related to each of these factors was summarized in tables. Narrative synthesis of the findings was conducted.ResultsThe search retrieved 6776 unique records, of which 69 were deemed eligible for full‐text screening and nine studies were included in the final data analysis and synthesis. The studies were rated to be of ‘fair’ quality at best. Self‐reported previous dental visits was the most commonly used measure of access. Associations between individual‐level factors and dental care access were most frequently examined (predisposing [n = 6], need [n = 2] and enabling [n = 1]), while the contextual‐level factors were rarely examined (predisposing and enabling [n = 1, each]).ConclusionsIndividual‐level predisposing factors, such as English language proficiency, education, health and dental literacy and acculturation and integration, were shown to be significantly associated with refugees' access. There is limited evidence to determine the effect of individual enabling and need and contextual factors.
Morphology, nuclearSNPsand mate selection reveal thatCOIbarcoding overestimates species diversity in a Mediterranean freshwater amphipod by an order of magnitude
Authors: Hupało Kamil , Copilaș‐Ciocianu Denis , Leese Florian , Weiss Martina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDNA sequence information has revealed many morphologically cryptic species worldwide. For animals, DNA‐based assessments of species diversity usually rely on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. However, a growing amount of evidence indicate that mitochondrial markers alone can lead to misleading species diversity estimates due to mito‐nuclear discordance. Therefore, reports of putative species based solely on mitochondrial DNA should be verified by other methods, especially in cases where COI sequences are identical for different morphospecies or where divergence within the same morphospecies is high. Freshwater amphipods are particularly interesting in this context because numerous putative cryptic species have been reported. Here, we investigated the species status of the numerous mitochondrial molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) found withinEchinogammarus sicilianus. We used an integrative approach combining DNA barcoding with mate selection observations, detailed morphometrics and genome‐wide double digest restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD‐seq). Within a relatively small sampling area, we detected twelve COI MOTUs (divergence = 1.8–20.3%), co‐occurring in syntopy at two‐thirds of the investigated sites. We found that pair formation was random and there was extensive nuclear gene flow among the ten MOTUs co‐occurring within the same river stretch. The four most common MOTUs were also indistinguishable with respect to functional morphology. Therefore, the evidence best fits the hypothesis of a single, yet genetically diverse, species within the main river system. The only two MOTUs sampled outside the focal area were genetically distinct at the nuclear level and may represent distinct species. Our study reveals that COI‐based species delimitation can significantly overestimate species diversity, highlighting the importance of integrative taxonomy for species validation, especially in hyperdiverse complexes with syntopically occurring mitochondrial MOTUs.
Motor network reorganization after motor imagery training in stroke patients with moderate to severe upper limb impairment
Authors: Wang Hewei , Xiong Xin , Zhang Kexu , Wang Xu , Sun Changhui , Zhu Bing , Xu Yiming , Fan Mingxia , Tong Shanbao , Guo Xiaoli , Sun Limin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundMotor imagery training (MIT) has been widely used to improve hemiplegic upper limb function in stroke rehabilitation. The effectiveness of MIT is associated with the functional neuroplasticity of the motor network. Currently, brain activation and connectivity changes related to the motor recovery process after MIT are not well understood.Aim: We aimed to investigate the neural mechanisms of MIT in stroke rehabilitation through a longitudinal intervention study design with task‐based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis.MethodsWe recruited 39 stroke patients with moderate to severe upper limb motor impairment and randomly assigned them to either the MIT or control groups. Patients in the MIT group received 4 weeks of MIT therapy plus conventional rehabilitation, while the control group only received conventional rehabilitation. The assessment of Fugl‐Meyer Upper Limb Scale (FM‐UL) and Barthel Index (BI), and fMRI scanning using a passive hand movement task were conducted on all patients before and after treatment. The changes in brain activation and functional connectivity (FC) were analyzed. Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between neural functional changes and motor improvement.ResultsThe MIT group achieved higher improvements in FM‐UL and BI relative to the control group after the treatment. Passive movement of the affected hand evoked an abnormal bilateral activation pattern in both groups before intervention. A significant Group × Time interaction was found in the contralesional S1 and ipsilesional M1, showing a decrease of activation after intervention specifically in the MIT group, which was negatively correlated with the FM‐UL improvement. FC analysis of the ipsilesional M1 displayed the motor network reorganization within the ipsilesional hemisphere, which correlated with the motor score changes.ConclusionsMIT could help decrease the compensatory activation at both hemispheres and reshape the FC within the ipsilesional hemisphere along with functional recovery in stroke patients.
1040. SORBUS AUCUPARIA: Rosaceae
Authors: Fay Michael F. , Barlow Gillian , Brown Andrew P. , Rich Tim C. G. 
Published: December 2022

SummarySorbus aucuparia subsp. aucuparia, ROWAN or MOUNTAIN ASH, is described and illustrated. Details of its distribution, genetic variability, cultural history and use by humans and animals are provided.
Trajectories of parental burnout in the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Piotrowski Konrad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe main objective of the study was to identify developmental trajectories of parental burnout during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The study was designed to assess whether changes in parental burnout were related to levels of perfectionism, sense of parental identity, and COVID‐related stress.BackgroundParental burnout is a consequence of chronic stress associated with the role of a parent. However, little is still known about how parental burnout changes over time and which factors are responsible for it.MethodParents (N = 376; 67% women) aged 19 to 30 years (M = 26.85 years, SD = 2.52) participated in all three waves of a longitudinal study spanning 12 months. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was used to determine parental burnout change trajectories. The R3STEP procedure was used to analyze the relationship between developmental trajectories identified and the other variables studied.ResultsThree different trajectories of parental burnout were identified: high and stable (7%), low and stable (63%), and average and increasing (30%). Trajectories were associated with perfectionistic concerns, a sense of parental identity, and COVID‐related stress.ConclusionThe results revealed that most parents did not experience changes in parental burnout during the first year of the pandemic. However, up to one third of parents may have experienced a significant increase in symptoms during the study period.ImplicationsThe findings from this study may be applicable to planning support programs for emerging adult parents at risk of burnout.
A novel farmland wildflower seed mix attracts a greater abundance and richness of pollinating insects than standard mixes
Authors: Nichols Rachel N. , Holland John M. , Goulson Dave 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Wildflower strips are a popular agri‐environment scheme (AES) implemented on farmland to provide forage for insect pollinators. The standard seed mixtures were often formulated without a clear evidence base, and subsequent field trials to assess their attractiveness to insects are commonly carried out at low taxonomic resolution (e.g., pooling all ‘solitary’ bees).
We created two novel wildflower mixes: a wild bee mix based on primary research (WB) and one on literature‐based evidence (LT). We trialled our novel mixes against two standard AES wildflower mixes: a Fabaceae‐heavy mix (FAB); a diverse wildflower mix (WF); plus a fallow plot (control). Our aim was to determine which mix attracted the highest overall insect pollinator abundance and highest species richness for wild bees.
Our WB mix attracted both the highest number of total insect visitors, and the highest wild bee abundance and richness. WB attracted significantly more bumblebees (abundance and richness) than the typical low diversity, Fabaceae‐heavy mix (FAB); and significantly greater solitary bee abundance, than all other treatments.
Only 11 ‘key’ wildflower species were required to cater to all wild bee species recorded during the study, eight of which were sown species. Taraxacum officinale agg., Cirsium vulgare, Daucus carota and Geranium pyrenaicum received the highest numbers of wild bee species visits.
In conclusion, we suggest a novel wildflower seed mix based on primary research has the potential to provide more attractive forage for both wild bees and other insect pollinators compared to current AES mixes.
Changes in predator biomass may mask the negative effects of neonicotinoids on primary consumers in field settings
Authors: Harmon Gabriel T. , Harmon‐Threatt Alexandra N. , Anderson Nicholas L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The non‐target effects of pesticides, particularly those that are long‐lasting and move easily through the environment, could have community‐level impacts on beneficial arthropods and hinder conservation efforts in agrolandscapes
We assessed the impacts of a neonicotinoid insecticide, clothianidin, and possible synergisms with a fungicide by quantifying predator, herbivore, and pollinator biomass and morphospecies richness in simulated prairie restorations.
Predator biomass was 66% lower in plots treated with clothianidin compared to controls and this effect persisted across the growing season.
Herbivore biomass was 51% lower in clothianidin‐treated plots in June, but the effect waned over the growing season, and no difference was detected in July or August. There was a synergistic effect of clothianidin and fungicide in lowering herbivore morphospecies richness by 12%.
Pollinators appeared unaffected by clothianidin. Instead, pollinator biomass increased by 71% with added fungicide in the absence of clothianidin.
The results of this study underscore the complexity of pesticide effects in field settings. Additional studies are necessary to understand how pesticide dissipation and predator release may interactively affect late‐season herbivore populations.
Coastal sand mining of heavy mineral sands: Contestations, resistance, and ecological distribution conflicts at HMS extraction frontiers across the world
Authors: Bisht Arpita , Martinez‐Alier Joan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCoastal sand mining for metals involves extraction of heavy mineral sands (HMS), which are sedimentary deposits of dense minerals that accumulate in coastal environments. HMS are localized concentrations of ores such as ilmenite, rutile, leucoxene, and iron, which are sources of metals such as titanium, zircon, iron, sillimanite/kyanite, staurolite, monazite, and garnet. The applications of these metals range from everyday products such as ceramics, paint, and pigments, as well as technologically advanced applications in the airline, shipbuilding, medicine, and defense industries. HMS extraction implies strip mining of coastal areas, which are often unique biodiversity ecosystems, or fragile ecosystems built up on sandy soils or dunes. The loss of such spaces has impacts such as loss of biodiversity and habitats, salt‐water intrusion into agricultural lands and increased exposure to sea level rise. As a result of the serious ecological and socioeconomic transformations at such extraction frontiers, these operations cause resistance movements across the world. This article identifies and documents 24 cases of resistance against such operations. It presents the first comprehensive database and analysis of HMS related ecological distribution conflicts.
Liquiritigenin reverses skin aging by inhibiting UV‐induced mitochondrial uncoupling and excessive energy consumption
Authors: Lu Qi , Zou Lin‐feng , Gao Yuan‐zhen , Ye Ting , Li Meng‐jiao , Zhang Yu‐Kun , Liang Bing , Sun Wenshe , Xing Dong‐ming 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by UV radiation can lead to lipid, protein, nucleic acid, and organelle damage, one of the core mechanisms mediating skin aging. In the photoaging process, how ROS drives the imbalance of the body's complex repair system to induce senescence‐like features is not fully understood.MethodsWe irradiated human epidermal keratinocytes with 12 J/cm2 of UVA to establish an in vitro photoaging model. Then we employed whole‐transcriptome sequencing and O2K mitochondrial function assay to reveal the photoprotective mechanisms of liquiritigenin (LQ).DiscussionWe found that skin reduces endogenous ROS by promoting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling in response to UVA‐induced damage. However, this also causes excessive consumption and idling of nutrients, leading to the inhibition of cell proliferation, and ultimately accelerating the skin aging process. Here, we demonstrated that LQ can reduce stress in keratinocytes, increase oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production efficiency, and block the massive loss of skin nutrients and net energy stress. Furthermore, LQ can promote collagen synthesis and keratinocyte proliferation through the PI3K‐AKT pathway, thereby reversing photoaging.ConclusionThis work provides a new skin aging mechanism and solution strategy with high clinical translation value.
Effects of dietary β‐alanine supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, carnosine content, amino acid composition and muscular antioxidant capacity in Chinese indigenous Ningxiang pig
Authors: Wang Fang , Yin Yexin , Wang Qiye , Xie Junyan , Fu Chenxing , Guo Henghua , Chen Jiashun , Yin Yulong 
Published: December 2022

Abstractβ‐alanine has been demonstrated to improve carcass traits and meat quality of animals. However, no research has been found on the effects of dietary β‐alanine in the meat quality control of finishing pigs, which are among the research focus. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary β‐alanine supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, carnosine content, amino acid composition and muscular antioxidant capacity of Chinese indigenous Ningxiang pigs. The treatments contained a basal diet (control, CON) and a basal diet supplemented with 600 mg/kg β‐alanine. Each treatment group consisted of five pens, with five pigs per pen. Results showed that compared with CON, supplemental β‐alanine did not affect the final body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake and the feed‐to‐gain ratio of pigs. Dietary β‐alanine supplementation tended to increase the pH45 min (p = 0.071) while decreasing the shear force (p = 0.085) and the drip loss (p = 0.091). Moreover, it improved (p < 0.05) the activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase and lessened (p < 0.05) malondialdehyde concentration. Added β‐alanine in diets of finishing pigs could enhance the concentrations of arginine, alanine, and glutamate (p < 0.05) in the longissimus dorsi muscle and tended to raise the levels of cysteine, glycine and anserine (p = 0.060, p = 0.098 and p = 0.091 respectively). Taken together, our results showed that dietary β‐alanine supplementation contributed to the improvement of the carcass traits, meat quality and anserine content, the amelioration of muscle antioxidant capacity and the regulation of amino acid composition in Chinese indigenous Ningxiang pigs.
Identifying validity evidence for uncertainty tolerance scales: A systematic review
Authors: Stephens Georgina C. , Lazarus Michelle D. , Sarkar Mahbub , Karim M. Nazmul , Wilson Adam B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeUncertainty tolerance (UT) is increasingly valued as a medical graduate attribute and broadly measured among medical student populations. However, the validity evidence underpinning UT scale implementation has not been summarised across studies. The present work evaluates UT scale validity evidence to better inform when, why and how UT scales ought to be used and to identify remaining validity evidence gaps.MethodsA literature search for psychometric studies of UT scales was completed in 2022. Records were included if they implemented one of the four most cited UT scales (i.e. Physicians' Reactions to Uncertainty scale 1990 [PRU1990] or 1995 [PRU1995], Tolerance for Ambiguity [TFA] scale or Tolerance of Ambiguity in Medical Students and Doctors scale [TAMSAD]) in a population of physicians and/or medial students and presented validity evidence according to the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing framework. Included studies were rated and analysed according to evidence for test content, response processes, internal structure, relations to other variables and consequences of testing.ResultsAmong the investigated scales, ‘relations to other variables’ and ‘internal structure’ were the most commonly reported forms of validity evidence. No evidence of ‘response processes’ or ‘consequences of testing’ was identified. Overall, the PRU1990 and PRU1995 demonstrated the strongest validity evidence, although evidence primarily related to physician populations.ConclusionsNone of the studied scales demonstrated evidence for all five sources of validity. Future research would benefit from assessing validity evidence for ‘response processes’ and ‘consequences of testing’ among physicians and medical students at different training/career stages to better understand UT construct conceptualisation in these populations. Until further and stronger validity evidence for UT scales is established, we caution against implementing UT scales outside of research settings (e.g. for higher stakes decision making).