bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing specificity in delirium: The delirium subtyping initiative
Authors: Bowman Emily M. L. , Brummel Nathan E. , Caplan Gideon A. , Cunningham Colm , Evered Lis A. , Fiest Kirsten M. , Girard Timothy D. , Jackson Thomas A. , LaHue Sara C. , Lindroth Heidi L. , Maclullich Alasdair M. J. , McAuley Daniel F. , Oh Esther S. , Oldham Mark A. , Page Valerie J. , Pandharipande Pratik P. , Potter Kelly M. , Sinha Pratik , Slooter Arjen J. C. , Sweeney Aoife M. , Tieges Zoë , Van Dellen Edwin , Wilcox Mary Elizabeth , Zetterberg Henrik , Cunningham Emma L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDDelirium, a common syndrome with heterogeneous etiologies and clinical presentations, is associated with poor long‐term outcomes. Recording and analyzing all delirium equally could be hindering the field's understanding of pathophysiology and identification of targeted treatments. Current delirium subtyping methods reflect clinically evident features but likely do not account for underlying biology.METHODSThe Delirium Subtyping Initiative (DSI) held three sessions with an international panel of 25 experts.RESULTSMeeting participants suggest further characterization of delirium features to complement the existing Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition Text Revision diagnostic criteria. These should span the range of delirium‐spectrum syndromes and be measured consistently across studies. Clinical features should be recorded in conjunction with biospecimen collection, where feasible, in a standardized way, to determine temporal associations of biology coincident with clinical fluctuations.DISCUSSIONThe DSI made recommendations spanning the breadth of delirium research including clinical features, study planning, data collection, and data analysis for characterization of candidate delirium subtypes.Highlights
Delirium features must be clearly defined, standardized, and operationalized.
Large datasets incorporating both clinical and biomarker variables should be analyzed together.
Delirium screening should incorporate communication and reasoning.
Rationalizing In Situ Active Repair in Hydrogen Evolution Photocatalysis via Non‐Invasive Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Klingler Sarah , Bagemihl Benedikt , Mengele Alexander K. , Kaufhold Simon , Myllyperkiö Pasi , Ahokas Jussi , Pettersson Mika , Rau Sven , Mizaikoff Boris 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCurrently, most photosensitizers and catalysts used in the field of artificial photosynthesis are still based on rare earth metals and should thus be utilized as efficiently and economically as possible. While repair of an inactivated catalyst is a potential mitigation strategy, this remains a challenge. State‐of‐the‐art methods are crucial for characterizing reaction products during photocatalysis and repair, and are currently based on invasive analysis techniques limiting real‐time access to the involved mechanisms. Herein, we use an innovative in situ technique for detecting both initially evolved hydrogen and after active repair via advanced non‐invasive rotational Raman spectroscopy. This facilitates unprecedently accurate monitoring of gaseous reaction products and insight into the mechanism of active repair during light‐driven catalysis enabling the identification of relevant mechanistic details along with innovative repair strategies.
Diboriranid σ‐Komplexe von d‐ und p‐Blockmetallen
Authors: Grewelinger Philipp , Wiesmeier Tim , Präsang Carsten , Morgenstern Bernd , Scheschkewitz David 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDiboriranide sind die kleinstmöglichen monoanionischen Aromaten; dennoch sind bisher nur wenige Beispiele bekannt und ihre Reaktivität sowie Koordinationschemie noch völlig unerforscht. Wir berichten über einen einfachen Syntheseweg in drei Stufen zum ersten Peraryldiboriranid c‐(DurB)2CPh− in Form seines Lithiumsalzes über das entsprechende nicht‐klassische Diboriran, das seinerseits aus dem leicht zugänglichen 1,2‐Dichlordiboran(4) (Dur=2,3,5,6‐Tetramethylphenyl) erhalten wird. Mit der Herstellung und vollständigen Charakterisierung repräsentativer Komplexe mit Zinn, Kupfer, Gold und Zink demonstrieren wir die starke Präferenz des Diboriranids für σ‐Koordination gegenüber Hauptgruppen‐ und Übergangsmetallzentren unter Erhalt des 2e− π‐Systems des B2C‐Rings.
Semi‐Metallic Superionic Layers Suppressing Voltage Fading of Li‐Rich Layered Oxide Towards Superior‐Stable Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Qin , Yao Meng , Zhu Aipeng , Wang Qian , Wu Hao , Zhang Yun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLi‐rich layered oxides (LRLOs) with greater specific capacity density are constrained by voltage attenuation and inferior rate performance because of irreversible oxygen release, metal dissolving and poor lithium‐ion transport capacity. Herein, a simple surface modification is designed to solve the performance degradation and structural collapse of LRLOs. Combining experiments with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, a semi‐metallic LiMn2O4‐like structure (LMO) with spin‐polarized conducting electrons, is introduced to the surface of the cathode restrains the activated surficial lattice oxygen ions by its stable oxygen vacancies. Additionally, Ni doping results in a fast‐ion conductor Li0.8Nb0.96Ni0.2O3structure (LNO) with lowered lithium ions diffusion barrier, which is tightly conjugating to substrate and synergistically reinforces the Li diffusion path through the cathode‐electrolyte interphase. Moreover, Mn dissolution is successfully relieved due to the decrease in Mn concentration in the coating layers. As a result, the modified material (LRLO@LMO@LNO) exhibits an ultra‐high discharge capacity of 120.4 mAh g−1even at 10 C with a very small discharge voltage attenuation of 313 mV after 600 cycles (0.52 mV per cycle) at 1 C. Undoubtedly, this method discloses a simple and effective approach to promote the practical utilization of high‐energy‐density.
An updated synthesis of and outstanding questions in the olfactory and vomeronasal systems in bats: Genetics asks questions only anatomy can answer
Authors: Yohe Laurel R. , Krell Nicholas T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe extensive diversity observed in bat nasal chemosensory systems has been well‐documented at the histological level. Understanding how this diversity evolved and developing hypotheses as to why particular patterns exist require a phylogenetic perspective, which was first outlined in the work of anatomist Kunwar Bhatnagar. With the onset of genetics and genomics, it might be assumed that the puzzling patterns observed in the morphological data have been clarified. However, there is still a widespread mismatch of genetic and morphological correlations among bat chemosensory systems. Novel genomic evidence has set up new avenues to explore that demand more evidence from anatomical structures. Here, we outline the progress that has been made in both morphological and molecular studies on the olfactory and vomeronasal systems in bats since the work of Bhatnagar. Genomic data of olfactory and vomeronasal receptors demonstrate the strong need for further morphological sampling, with a particular focus on receiving brain regions, glands, and ducts.
Three cuticular amides in the tripartite symbiosis of leafcutter ants
Authors: Fladerer Johannes‐Paul , Grollitsch Selina , Bucar Franz 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) play various roles in insects' chemical ecology. As leafcutter ants live in a specific symbiosis with fungi, they harvest and with different bacteria, some of these CHCs might be associated with a mutualistic function within this symbiosis. To obtain a more precise picture in that respect we compared the CHC profiles of the leafcutter ants, Atta sexdens, Atta cephalotes, and Acromyrmex octospinosus inhabited by mutualistic bacteria with the profiles of Polyrhachis dives and Messor aciculatus by GC‐EI‐MS analysis and 28 other ant species by data from the literature. We were able to identify three alkyl amides (hexadecanamide, hexadecenamide, and tetradecanamide), occurring only in the CHC profiles of leafcutter ants inhabited by symbiotic bacteria. Our results lead to the conclusion that those alkyl amides could have a function in the tripartite symbiosis of leafcutter ants.
Optimization of 4‐amino‐pyridazin‐3(2H)‐one as a valid core scaffold for FABP4 inhibitors
Authors: Floresta Giuseppe , Crocetti Letizia , Silva Renan Rodrigues de Oliveira , Patamia Vincenzo , Mazzacuva Francesca , Chen Yu Chee Sonia , Vergelli Claudia , Cilibrizzi Agostino 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCurrent clinical research suggests that fatty acid‐binding protein 4 inhibitors (FABP4is), which are of biological and therapeutic interest, may show potential in treating cancer and other illnesses. We sought to uncover new structures through the optimization of the previously reported 4‐amino and 4‐ureido pyridazinone‐based series of FABP4is as part of a larger research effort to create more potent FABP4 inhibitors. This led to the identification of 14e as the most potent analog with IC50 = 1.57 μM, which is lower than the IC50 of the positive control. Advanced modeling investigations and in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion ‐ toxicity calculations suggested that 14e represents a potential candidate for in vivo studies such as FABP4i.
Structural, morphological, and photoluminescence properties of RE (RE = Dy3+, Eu3+, Sm3+)‐doped CaAlBO4 phosphor synthesized by combustion method
Authors: Maske Roshana T. , Yerpude Atul N. , Wandhare Rupesh S. , Dhoble Sanjay J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe CaAlBO4:RE (RE = Dy3+, Eu3+, Sm3+) phosphor were prepared via combustion synthesis and studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), photoluminescence (PL) spectra and CIE coordinates. The phase formation of the obtained phosphor was analyzed by XRD and the result was confirmed by standard PDF Card No. 1539083. XRD data successfully indicated pure phase of CaAlBO4 phosphor. The crystal structure of CaAlBO4 phosphor is orthorhombic with space group Ccc2 (37). The SEM image of CaAlBO4 phosphor reveals an agglomerated morphology and non‐uniform particle size. The EDS image provides evidence of the elements present and the chemical makeup of the materials. Under the 350 nm excitation, the emission spectrum of Dy3+ activated CaAlBO4 phosphor consists of two main groups of characteristic peaks located at 484 and 577 nm which are ascribed to 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 and 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 transition of Dy3+ respectively. The PL emission spectra of CaAlBO4:Eu3+ phosphor shows characteristics bands observed around 591 and 613 nm, which corresponds to 5D0 → 7F1 and 5D0 → 7F2 transition of Eu3+ respectively, upon 395 nm excitation wavelength. The emission spectra of Sm3+ activated CaAlBO4 phosphor shows three characteristic bands observed at 565, 601 and 648 nm which emits yellow, orange and red color. The prominent emission peak at the wavelength 601 nm, which is attributed to 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 transition, displays an orange emission. The CIE color coordinates of CaAlBO4:RE (RE = Dy3+, Eu3+, Sm3+) phosphor are calculated to be (0.631, 0.368), (0.674, 0.325) and (0.073, 0.185). As per the obtained results, CaAlBO4:RE (RE = Dy3+, Eu3+, Sm3+) phosphor may be applicable in eco‐friendly lightning technology.
Sources and methods of manufacturing xanthan by fermentation of various carbon sources
Authors: Dey Rahul , Chatterji Biswa Prasun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractXanthan gum, an anionic polysaccharide with an exceptionally high molecular weight, is produced by the bacterium Xanthomonas sp. It is a versatile compound that has been utilized in various industries for decades. Xanthan gum was the second exopolysaccharide to be commercially produced, following dextran. In 1969, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved xanthan gum for use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The food industry values xanthan gum for its exceptional rheological properties, which make it a popular thickening agent in many products. Meanwhile, the cosmetics industry capitalizes on xanthan gum's ability to form stable emulsions. The industrial production process of xanthan gum involves fermenting Xanthomonas in a medium that contains glucose, sucrose, starch, etc. as a substrate and other necessary nutrients to facilitate growth. This is achieved through batch fermentation under optimal conditions. However, the increasing costs of glucose in recent years have made the production of xanthan economically unviable. Therefore, many researchers have investigated alternative, cost‐effective substrates for xanthan production, using various modified and unmodified raw materials. The objective of this analysis is to investigate how utilizing different raw materials can improve the cost‐efficient production of xanthan gum.
The impact of COVID‐19 on mortality, length of stay, and cost of care among patients with gastrointestinal malignancies: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Ulanja Mark B. , Beutler Bryce D. , Asafo‐Agyei Kwabena Oppong , Governor Samuel B. , Edusa Samuel , Antwi‐Amoabeng Daniel , Ulanja Reginald N. , Nteim Grace B. , Amankwah Millicent , Neelam Vijay , Rahman Ganiyu A. , Djankpa Francis T. , Mabrouk Tarig , Alese Olatunji B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and the coronavirus 19 (COVID‐19) pandemic have had a lasting impact on the care of cancer patients. The impact on patients with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies remains incompletely understood. We aimed to assess the impact of COVID‐19 on mortality, length of stay (LOS), and cost of care among patients with GI malignancies, and identify differences in outcomes based on primary tumor site.MethodsWe analyzed discharge encounters collected from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) between March 2020 and December 2020 using propensity score matching (PSM) and COVID‐19 as the treatment effect.ResultsOf the 87,684 patient discharges with GI malignancies, 1892 were positive for COVID‐19 (C+) and eligible for matching in the PSM model. Following PSM analysis, C+ with GI tumors demonstrated increased incidence of mortality compared to their COVID‐19‐negative (C‐) counterparts (21.3% vs. 11.9%, p < 0.001). C+ patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) had significantly higher mortality compared to those who were C‐ (40% vs. 24%; p = 0.035). In addition, C+ patients with GI tumors had a longer mean LOS (9.4 days vs. 6.9 days; p < 0.001) and increased cost of care ($26,048.29 vs. $21,625.2; p = 0.001) compared to C‐ patients. C+ patients also had higher odds of mortality secondary to myocardial infarction relative to C‐ patients (OR = 3.54, p = 0.001).ConclusionsC+ patients with GI tumors face approximately double the odds of mortality, increased LOS, and increased cost of care compared to their C‐ counterparts. Outcome disparities were most pronounced among patients with CRC.
Efficacy of chemotherapy combined with surgical resection for gastric cancer with synchronous ovarian metastasis: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Fang Jingquan , Huang Xingmao , Chen Xiangliu , Xu Qi , Chai Tengjiao , Huang Ling , Chen Han , Chen Hang , Ye Zeyao , Du Yian , Yu Pengfei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundOvarian metastasis from gastric cancer (GC) is characterized by aggressive biological behavior and poor outcome. Currently, there is no standard treatment mode for such patients. Thus, we evaluated the efficacy of conversion therapy in patients with synchronous ovarian metastasis from GC in this study.MethodsAbout 219 GC patients with ovarian metastasis in 2011–2020 were enrolled. Two groups were established based on the different treatment: the conversion therapy group (chemotherapy combined with surgical resection, CS group) and the non‐conversion therapy group (NCS group). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to analyze the efficacy of different treatment modes on the prognosis of these patients.ResultsNinety‐two patients were included according to PSM results, with 46 patients each in CS and NCS groups. The median overall survival (OS) in the CS group was notably better than that in the NCS group (p < 0.001). Twenty‐six patients (56.52%) in the CS group achieved R0 resection, and they had a better prognosis (p = 0.003). Compared with patients who underwent simultaneous gastrectomy and ovarian metastasectomy (CSb group), those who underwent ovarian metastasectomy before systemic chemotherapy (CSa group) had a higher R0 resection rate (p = 0.016) and longer survival time (p = 0.002). A total of 38 patients (41.30%) across both groups received hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), and these patients had a better survival (p = 0.043).ConclusionThe conversion therapy is safe and effective for patients with synchronous ovarian metastasis from GC and can improve their prognosis. However, our results need to be confirmed by more randomized controlled clinical studies.
Racial differences in longitudinal toxicities of anticancer agents in early phase cancer clinical trials
Authors: Mizusawa Junki , Sato Hioryuki , Rubinstein Larry V. , Fujiwara Takeo , Yonemori Kan , Hirakawa Akihiro 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundRacial differences have been reported in toxicity outcomes for anticancer drug treatments. However, these observations were often from studies with small sample sizes, and many only reported the maximum grade of toxicity and no longitudinal information. This current analysis aims to investigate racial differences in longitudinal toxicities using a large‐scale clinical trials database.MethodsEarly‐phase clinical trials sponsored by the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program at the National Cancer Institute, USA, that evaluated cytotoxic drugs and molecularly targeted agents between March 2000 and December 2012 were studied. Race was categorized as White, Black or African‐American, and Asian. Each toxicity's grade prevalence, mean grade at each cycle, and time to develop grade 2 or higher toxicity was evaluated.ResultsIn total, 25,442 patients from 697 trials were included in this study. The number of patients categorized as White, Black, and Asian designations was 22,756 (89%), 1874 (7%), and 812 (3%), respectively. Notable findings include the rate of any grade of diarrhea in Black people was 26% and 21% lower than that of White and Asian people. The median time to the first grade 2 or higher event was 6 cycles in White people, 8 in Black people, and 6 in Asian people. The rate of any grade hyperglycemia was significantly higher in Asian people.ConclusionsAlthough we identified several racial differences in longitudinal toxicities, most were of generally lower grade. Further study is needed to clarify the cause of racial differences in treatment‐associated toxicities.
Disease burden, risk factors, and trends of lip, oral cavity, pharyngeal cancers: A global analysis
Authors: Huang Junjie , Chan Sze Chai , Ko Samantha , Lok Veeleah , Zhang Lin , Lin Xu , Lucero‐Prisno Don E. , Xu Wanghong , Zheng Zhi‐Jie , Elcarte Edmar , Withers Mellissa , Wong Martin C. S. ,   NCD Global Health Research Group, Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU)
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundLip, oral and pharyngeal cancers make up a small percentage of total cancer cases worldwide and have reported lower rates of cancer‐related deaths globally in 2020, but their 5‐year survival rate in either early or advanced stages is different. The study evaluated the global incidence, mortality, risk factors, and temporal trends by age, gender, and geographical locations of lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal cancer.MethodsIncidence and mortality rates were extracted from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) volumes I‐XI, the Nordic Cancer Registries (NORDCAN), the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, and the WHO IARC mortality database. Joinpoint regression was used to calculate the Average Annual Percentage Change to examine trends.ResultsThe highest incidence rates were found in Melanesia and South‐Central Asia and mortality rates were 8.2 and 7.5. Risk factors associated with incidence and mortality included HDI, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, poor diet, and chronic health conditions such as hypertension. Increasing trends of incidence and mortality were observed in females from Malta; males aged 50 and above from the United Kingdom, and females aged 50 and above from Slovakia reporting the largest increase.ConclusionsAlthough global incidence and mortality trends reported an overall decrease, significant increases were found for older age groups and female subjects. Incidence increase may be due to the growing prevalence of lifestyle, metabolic risk factors, and HPV infections, especially in developed countries.
Percutaneous transluminal pulmonary angioplasty for Takayasu arteritis‐associated pulmonary hypertension: A single‐arm meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun Ming‐Li , Zhu Yong‐Jian , Zhou Yu‐Ping , Zhu Xi‐Jie , Yang Yin‐Jian , Cheng Chun‐Yan , Mei Ke‐Yi , Li Xian‐Mei , Liu Chao , Xu Xi‐Qi , Sun Kai , Jing Zhi‐Cheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy and safety of percutaneous transluminal pulmonary angioplasty (PTPA) for Takayasu arteritis‐associated pulmonary hypertension (TA‐PH) remain unclear.ObjectivesTo examine the efficacy and safety of PTPA in TA‐PH.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Library were searched from inception to August 18, 2022, for articles investigating the efficacy and safety of PTPA for TA‐PH. The primary efficacy outcomes were pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) changes from baseline to re‐evaluation and 6‐minute walking distance (6MWD). The safety outcome was procedure‐related complications.ResultsFive articles comprising 104 patients with TA‐PH who underwent PTPA were included. The scores of article quality, as assessed using the methodological index for nonrandomized studies tool, were high, ranging from 13 to 15 points. The pooled treatment effects of PVR (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −4.8 WU; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −6.0 to −3.5 WU; I2 = 0.0%), 6MWD (WMD: 101.9 m; 95% CI: 60.3–143.6 m; I2 = 70.4%) significantly improved. Procedure‐related complications, which predominantly present as pulmonary artery injury and pulmonary injury, occurred in 32.0% of the included patients. Periprocedural death occurred in one patient (1.0%, 1/100).ConclusionsPatients with TA‐PH could benefit from PTPA in terms of hemodynamics and exercise tolerance, at the expense of procedure‐related complications. PTPA should be encouraged to enhance the treatment response in TA‐PH. These findings need to be confirmed by further studies, ideally, randomized controlled trials.RegistrationPROSPERO CRD42022354087.
Anaplastic lymphoma associated with breast implants—Early diagnosis and treatment
Authors: de Paule Carlos Felipe Pasquini , Pedroso Raíssa Bocchi , de Barros Carvalho Maria Dalva , Pelloso Fernando Castilho , Roma Aluísio Marino , da Silva Freitas Renato , Cavalcante Juliana Magalhães , Fiats Ribeiro Helena , Pelloso Sandra Marisa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAnaplastic large cell lymphoma associated with breast implants is a relatively new disease that deserves attention from the academic community. Brazil figures as one of the protagonists in plastic surgery, however publications are insufficient and very few cases are reported in comparison to other countries. It is a disease with excellent prognosis when diagnosed early and treated effectively, but for this to happen, it is essential that health care professionals and the patient understand its pathology. We reported two cases in a small town during a short period of time. In both cases reported by this study, the patients presented late seroma, associated with pain as a clinical presentation, at 13 and 9 years after the placement of silicone implants with textured polyurethane surfaces. After the procedure, the patients were screened for cancer. Further research with more robust samples is still needed to fully determine the risks and benefits of using textured versus smooth implants.