bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foreign Policy Specificity: An Analysis of Ministerial Survival in Latin America, 1945–2020
Authors: Feliú Ribeiro Pedro , López Burian Camilo 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTThis research note analyzes the incentives of different types of policy areas for a president to keep or dismiss a minister. It uses ministerial survival analysis to compare foreign and domestic policy areas, focusing on comparable and analogous presidential decisions among countries and portfolios. The research utilizes ministerial survival data for education, finance, health, and foreign policy between 1945 and 2020 in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay. Using Cox regression models, we find that a foreign policy portfolio has a positive effect on ministerial survival, but the specificity of this portfolio does not hold for autocratic governments. Autocracies show higher levels of ministerial survival in all four portfolios, but a foreign policy portfolio is no more stable than domestic portfolios. Democratic presidents have the incentive to signal stability to the international audience, preserving the foreign policy portfolio from the frequent ministerial changes in domestic portfolios.
PINDAR, NEMEAN 3.36: ΕΓΚΟΝΗΤΙ AND GREEK LEXICA
Authors: Battezzato Luigi , Della Rossa Federico 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper argues that: (a) the transmitted text of Pind. Nem. 3.35–6 ποντίαν Θέτιν κατέμαρψεν | ἐγκονητί (‘[Peleus] caught the sea-nymph Thetis quickly’) is not the original text of Pindar; (b) ἐγκονητί does not fit the context, is not an attested Greek word and should be eliminated from dictionaries of ancient Greek; (c) Byzantine etymological works, followed by many modern scholars, base their explanations on the late antique form ἀκονητί, which should be eliminated from classical, Hellenistic and imperial texts; (d) the tradition of the Etymologicum Magnum knows the variant ἐγκονιτί (conjectured for Pindar by Bergk) ‘with dust’ (‘with effort’), which seems presupposed by the scholia on Pindar; (e) the form ἐγκονιτί (created on the pattern of ἀκονιτί) is to be preferred in Pindar for reasons of language and content and should be added to the dictionaries of ancient Greek.
VARIVM ET MVTABILE SEMPER FEMINA: DIVINE WARNINGS AND HASTY DEPARTURES IN ODYSSEY 15 AND AENEID 4
Authors: Muse Kevin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn his second appearance to Aeneas in Aeneid 4 Mercury drives the hero to flee Carthage with a false allegation that Dido is planning an attack, capping his warning with an infamous sententia about the mutability of female emotion. Building on a previous suggestion that Mercury's first speech to Aeneas is modelled on Athena's admonishment of Telemachus at the opening of Odyssey 15, this article proposes that Mercury's second speech as well is modelled on Athena's warning, in which the goddess uses misdirection about Penelope's intentions and a misogynistic gnōmē about the changeability of women's affections to spur Telemachus’ departure from Sparta. After setting out how Virgil divides his imitation of Athena's speech verbally and thematically between Mercury's two speeches, the discussion turns to why both Athena and Mercury adopt these deceptive tactics. The speeches are shown to be culminations of the poets’ similar approaches to creating doubt and foreboding around the queens’ famed capacities for using δόλος. Common features in the ensuing hasty departures of Telemachus and Aeneas further confirm Virgil's use of Odyssey 15 in devising Aeneas’ escape from Carthage.
Effects of insect host chemical secretions on the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae
Authors: Smith T.R. , Tay A. , Koprivnikar J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Given the threat presented by parasites and pathogens, insects employ various defences to protect themselves against infection, including chemical secretions. The red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum releases a secretion containing the benzoquinones methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (MBQ) and ethyl-1,4-benzoquinone (EBQ) into the environment. These compounds have known antimicrobial effects; however, their role in defence against macroparasites is not known. Entomopathogenic nematodes, such as Steinernema carpocapsae, present a serious threat to insects, with successful infection leading to death. Thus, quinone-containing secretions may also aid in host defence. We tested how exposure to the individual components of this quinone secretion, as well as a mix at naturally-occurring proportions, affected the survival and thrashing behaviour of S. carpocapsae, as well as their virulence to a model host (Galleria mellonella). Exposure to high concentrations of MBQ and EBQ, as well as the quinone mix, significantly increased nematode death but did not consistently reduce thrashing, which would otherwise be expected given their toxicity. Rather, quinones may act as a host cue to S. carpocapsae by triggering increased activity. We found that exposure to quinones for 24 or 72 hours did not reduce nematode virulence, and surviving nematodes remained infective after non-lethal exposure. Our results indicate that quinone secretions likely serve as a defence against multiple infection threats by reducing S. carpocapsae survival, but further research is required to contextualize their roles by testing against other nematodes, as well as other helminths using insects as hosts.
Comparison of Kato–Katz, PCR and coproantigen for the diagnosis of Taenia solium taeniasis
Authors: Lightowlers Marshall W. , Mananjara Diana Edithe Andria , Rakotoarinoro Mihajamanana , Rakotoarison Valisoa C. , Raliniaina Modestine , Rasamoelina-Andriamanivo Harentsoaniaina , Gauci Charles G. , Jabbar Abdul , Mwape Kabemba E. , Donadeu Meritxell , Ramiandrasoa Noromanana Sylvia , Nely Jose Alphonse 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFour methods were compared for the diagnosis of human taeniasis caused by Taenia solium. Fecal samples from persons living in a T. solium endemic region of Madagascar were examined for taeniid eggs by the Kato–Katz method. Subsequently, samples positive (n = 16) and negative (n = 200) for T. solium eggs were examined by (i) amplification of the fragment of small subunit of the mitochondrial ribosomal RNA (rrnS) gene using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and (ii) a nested PCR of a fragment of the T. solium Tso31 gene. Additionally, 12 egg-positive and all egg-negative samples were tested for coproantigen detection. A further 9 egg-positive fecal samples were examined using both PCRs. Of the 12 egg-positive samples tested by PCRs and coproantigen methods, 9 (75%) were positive by rrnS PCR, 3 (25%) using Tso31-nested PCR and 9 (75%) by coproantigen testing. None of the 200 egg-negative fecal samples was positive in either rrnS or Tso31-nested PCR. Twenty of the 25 egg-positive samples (80%) were positive in rrnS PCR, and DNA sequencing of PCR amplicons was obtained from 18 samples, all confirmed to be T. solium. Twelve of the 25 egg-positive samples (48%) were positive in the Tso31-nested PCR, all of which were also positive by rrnS PCR. It is suggested that species-specific diagnosis of T. solium taeniasis may be achieved by either coprological examination to detect eggs or coproantigen testing, followed by rrnS PCR and DNA sequencing to confirm the tapeworm species in egg-positive or coproantigen-positive samples.
Reading the mind in the eyes and cognitive ability in schizophrenia- and autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Alvarez Rebecca , Velthorst Eva , Pinkham Amy , Ludwig Kelsey A. , Alamansa Jorge , Gaigg Sebastian B. , Penn David L. , Harvey Philip D. , Fett Anne-Kathrin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundSchizophrenia (SZ) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by difficulties in theory of mind (ToM). We examined group differences in performance on a ToM-related test and associations with an estimated IQ.MethodsParticipants [N = 1227, SZ (n = 563), ASD (n = 159), and controls (n = 505), 32.2% female] completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) and assessments of cognitive ability. Associations between IQ and group on RMET were investigated with regression analyses.ResultsSZ (d = 0.73, p < 0.001) and ASD (d = 0.37, p < 0.001) performed significantly worse on the RMET than controls. SZ performed significantly worse than ASD (d = 0.32, p = 0.002). Adding IQ to the model, SZ (d = 0.60, p < 0.001) and ASD (d = 0.44, p < 0.001) continued to perform significantly worse than controls, but no longer differed from each other (d = 0.13, p = 0.30). Small significant negative correlations between symptom severity and RMET performance were found in SZ (PANSS positive: r = −0.10, negative: r = −0.11, both p < 0.05). A small non-significant negative correlation was found for Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule scores and RMET in ASD (r = −0.08, p = 0.34).ConclusionsSZ and ASD are characterized by impairments in RMET. IQ contributed significantly to RMET performance and accounted for group differences in RMET between SZ and ASD. This suggests that non-social cognitive ability needs to be included in comparative studies of the two disorders.
Mediating Feuerbach and Barth: Bonhoeffer's this-worldly theology
Authors: Della Torre II Frank 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, I revisit a debate between Ludwig Feuerbach and Karl Barth, known as the ‘Barth–Feuerbach confrontation’. I begin by framing the contours of this dispute as it was initiated by Barth and carried forward by his interpreters, who have sought in vain to make Barth's and Feuerbach's positions commensurable. Having narrated the history of this ongoing scholarly discussion and clarified why it remains intractable, I turn to Dietrich Bonhoeffer, whose this-worldly conception of theology, I argue, provides resources for ‘mediating’ the insights of Feuerbach and Barth. By attending to Bonhoeffer's earliest engagements with Barth on the question of divine revelation, and by exploring his striking proximity to Feuerbach on the issue of this-worldliness, we can see how Bonhoeffer helps overcome not only the dichotomies that plague the Barth–Feuerbach confrontation but also those that pervade modern attempts to safeguard this-worldliness by dispensing with divine transcendence.
Divergences on monads for relational program logics
Authors: Sato Tetsuya , Katsumata Shin-ya 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSeveral relational program logics have been introduced for integrating reasoning about relational properties of programs and measurement of quantitative difference between computational effects. Toward a general framework for such logics, in this paper, we formalize the concept of quantitative difference between computational effects as divergences on monads, then develop a relational program logic called approximate computational relational logic (acRL for short). It supports generic computational effects and divergences on them. The semantics of the acRL is given by graded strong relational liftings constructed from divergences on monads. We derive two instantiations of the acRL: (1) for the verification of various kinds of differential privacy of higher-order functional probabilistic programs and (2) the other for measuring difference of distributions of cost between higher-order functional probabilistic programs with a cost counting operator.
Successful implementation of telehealth visits in the paediatric heart failure and heart transplant population
Authors: Bansal Neha , D'Souza Nikita , Wisotzkey Bethany L. , Albers Erin , Shih Renata , Exil Vernat , McQueen Melissa , Hillenburg Joseph P. , Azeka Estela , Law Sabrina , Peng David M. , O’Connor Matthew , Gajarski Robert , Vanderpluym Christina , Lorts Angela , Barnes Aliessa , Sojka Melanie , Bano Maria , Keating Megan , Rosenthal David N. , Conway Jennifer , Schroeder Katie , Nandi Deipanjan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Advanced Cardiac Therapies Improving Outcomes Network (ACTION) and Pediatric Heart Transplant Society (PHTS) convened a working group at the beginning of 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the aim of using telehealth as an alternative medium to provide quality care to a high-acuity paediatric population receiving advanced cardiac therapies. An algorithm was developed to determine appropriateness, educational handouts were developed for both patients and providers, and post-visit surveys were collected. Telehealth was found to be a viable modality for health care delivery in the paediatric heart failure and transplant population and has promising application in the continuity of follow-up, medication titration, and patient education/counselling domains.
Space Medicine: The Next Frontier of Medical Education
Authors: Waisberg Ethan , Ong Joshua , Masalkhi Mouayad , Lee Andrew G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSpaceflight has always been met with awe by the general public and may also have strong implications for medical training for future physicians, regardless of specialty or practice. Within the near future, the commercialization of spaceflight will lead to an unprecedented surge in travelers to space. With this increase, the understanding of space medicine and potential physiological risks of microgravity will only become more important for doctors to understand. Historically, teaching education on how the body responds to various different environments and environmental changes has been a longstanding core to medical education. Thus, education about the physiological, pathologic, and histologic changes to weightlessness over prolonged periods of time will likely provide additional insights to space medicine, as well as how medicine can be practiced here on Earth. The addition of space medicine to the medical curriculum will likely not only benefit future space medicine physicians, but also likely benefit all physicians and human health on Earth. In this manuscript, we discuss the various risks that astronauts undergo, as well as current space medicine education initiatives on Earth.
Anxiety sensitivity and disgust sensitivity predict blood-injection-injury fears in individuals with dental anxiety
Authors: Siev Jedidiah , Sinex Rachel H. , Sorid Samantha D. , Behar Evelyn 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground:Anxiety sensitivity (AS) and disgust sensitivity (DS) are transdiagnostic vulnerability factors for anxiety. Both correlate with blood-injection-injury (BII) phobia symptoms in several studies; however, there is ambiguity about their relative contributions, and studies investigating this have relied on unselected samples. Furthermore, although DS reliably predicts BII in studies that do not account for AS, this may be limited to domain-specific DS rather than DS more broadly.Aims:The aims of this study were to examine AS and DS as separate and simultaneous predictors of BII fears in a sample with a wide range of BII symptoms, and with attention to the specificity of DS to BII-relevant domains.Method:Fifty-three participants who scored above a clinical threshold on a validated measure of dental anxiety, and who represented a wide range of BII severity, completed measures of AS, DS and BII symptoms.Results:AS and DS were moderately to strongly correlated with BII severity (r = .40 and .47, p = .004 and <.001), and both independently predicted BII severity when entered as simultaneous predictors (β = .32 and .35, p = .045 and .015). Furthermore, after omitting DS about injections and blood draws, domain-general DS was still moderately correlated with BII severity (r = .33, p = .017). However, domain-general DS did not significantly predict BII severity after accounting for AS (β = .20, p = .164).Conclusions:AS and DS both predict BII symptoms, and prospective research is warranted to examine them as potential vulnerability factors.
THE ROLE OF THE MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES IN SUPPORTING THE COVID-19 RESPONSE IN AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND
Authors: MCCAW JAMES M. , PLANK MICHAEL J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMathematical modelling has been used to support the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in countries around the world including Australia and New Zealand. Both these countries have followed similar pandemic response strategies, using a combination of strict border measures and community interventions to minimize infection rates until high vaccine coverage was achieved. This required a different set of modelling tools to those used in countries that experienced much higher levels of prevalence throughout the pandemic.In this article, we provide an overview of some of the mathematical modelling and data analytics work that has helped to inform the policy response to the pandemic in Australia and New Zealand. This is a reflection on our experiences working at the modelling–policy interface and the impact this has had on the pandemic response. We outline the various types of model outputs, from short-term forecasts to longer-term scenario models, that have been used in different contexts. We discuss issues relating to communication between mathematical modellers and stakeholders such as health officials and policymakers. We conclude with some future challenges and opportunities in this area.
Electoral system preferences of citizens compared: evidence from a conjoint experiment in Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom
Authors: Linhart Eric , Jankowski Michael , Tepe Markus 
Published: July 2023

AbstractElectoral systems fulfill different functions. Typically, they cannot meet all demands at the same time, so that the evaluation of specific electoral systems depends on subjective preferences about the single demands. We argue that it is the electorate which transfers its power to representatives and, therefore, its preferences should be considered in debates about electoral systems. Consequently, our contribution presents results of citizens’ demands regarding electoral system attributes. Specifically, we rely on a large-scale conjoint experiment conducted in Germany, the Netherlands, and the UK in which subjects were asked to choose between two electoral systems which randomly differed on a set of attributes referring to electoral systems’ core functions. Our results show that all core functions are generally of importance for the respondents but reveal a higher preference for proportional electoral systems. These preferences are largely stable for citizens in different countries but also for other subgroups of subjects.
Partially Erupted Prominence Material as a Diagnostic of Coronal Mass Ejection Trajectory
Authors: Hovis‐Afflerbach B. A. , Thompson B. J. , Mason E. I. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCoronal mass ejections (CMEs) are energetic releases of large‐scale magnetic structures from the Sun. CMEs can have impacts on spacecraft and at Earth. This trajectory is typically assumed to be radial, but often the CME moves outward with some spatial offset from the source region where the eruption initially occurred. A CME is frequently accompanied by a prominence eruption, a movement of cool, dense material up into the corona that can be ejected or fall back down. We investigate eruptions in which some portion of the prominence material falls back to the Sun along field lines which have reconfigured in the eruption, rather than draining back to the source or escaping with the CME. Using a method called persistence mapping, 304 Å images from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), and coronagraph images from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, we measure and compare the offsets in latitude of 20 CMEs and their respective prominences with respect to the source region. The 20 events were chosen to sample over the first 10 years of the SDO mission. We find that the offsets are correlated. We find no difference between eruptions offset toward the equator or the poles, suggesting that the offset is a result of local changes in the eruptive field, rather than of the Sun's global magnetic field structure. These findings help us contextualize individual eruptions and highlight changes in the local magnetic field associated with the prominence eruption.
A Decision‐Relevant Factor‐Fixing Framework: Application to Uncertainty Analysis of a High‐Dimensional Water Quality Model
Authors: Wang Qian , Guillaume Joseph H. A. , Jakeman John D. , Bennett Frederick R. , Croke Barry F. W. , Fu Baihua , Yang Tao , Jakeman Anthony J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFactor Fixing (FF) is a common method for reducing the number of model parameters to lower computational cost. FF typically starts with distinguishing the insensitive parameters from the sensitive and pursues uncertainty quantification (UQ) on the resulting reduced‐order model, fixing each insensitive parameter at a fixed value. There is a need, however, to expand such a common approach to consider the effects of decision choices in the FF‐UQ procedure on metrics of interest. Therefore, to guide the use of FF and increase confidence in the resulting dimension‐reduced model, we propose a new adaptive framework consisting of four principles: (a) re‐parameterize the model first to reduce obvious non‐identifiable parameter combinations, (b) focus on decision relevance especially with respect to errors in quantities of interest (QoI), (c) conduct adaptive evaluation and robustness assessment of errors in the QoI across FF choices as sample size increases, and (d) reconsider whether fixing is warranted. The framework is demonstrated on a spatially‐distributed water quality model. The error in estimates of QoI caused by FF can be estimated using a Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) surrogate model. Built with 70 model runs, the surrogate is computationally inexpensive to evaluate and can provide global sensitivity indices for free. For the selected catchment, just two factors may provide an acceptably accurate estimate of model uncertainty in the average annual load of Total Suspended Solids (TSS), suggesting that reducing the uncertainty in these two parameters is a priority for future work before undertaking further formal uncertainty quantification.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare professionals on oral care of pregnant women in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Muhammad-Safwan Nur-Afifah Syafiqah , Abdul-Mumin Khadizah H. , Abdul Rahman Hanif , Gharif Rafidah , Haji-Momin Haji-Mohin , Kisut Ramlah , Zielinski Ruth , Dhaliwal Jagjit Singh 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
To examine nationwide the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare professionals on oral/dental care of pregnant women in Brunei Darussalam.

Materials and methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted using an online survey of eligible healthcare professionals in all Government Maternal and Child Health Care Clinics, Dental Clinics and Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinics in four hospitals covering the whole of Brunei Darussalam. Participants were given seven days to complete the survey. Sub-group analysis using Chi-square test for independence and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significant association between domains of oral care practices and demographic factors. P values less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
A total of 346 healthcare professionals participated in this online study. Most participants (94.3%) responded that they perceived oral health to be of high importance. However, less than two thirds of the participants (59.0%) included oral health questions during antenatal health assessments. Moreover, only 16.2% of participants frequently discussed the importance of oral care with their antenatal patients.

Conclusions
In this survey, most healthcare professionals viewed oral health to be of high importance for prenatal/antenatal patients. However, not all put those views into practice with regard to oral care in pregnant women.