bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous Basophil Hypersensitivity
Authors: Dvorak Harold F. , Simpson Blanche A. , Bast Robert C. , Leskowitz Sidney 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
After guinea pigs are sensitized with protein antigens in saline or incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA), delayed-onset skin reactions elicited at early intervals have certain distinctive immunogenic requirements and unique histologic features that set them apart from classic delayed hypersensitivity. These reactions have been called “Jones-Mote” or cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH). In the present study lesions induced with insoluble antigen-antibody complexes in IFA have similar histologic characteristics and could also be regarded as examples of CBH. Delayed reactions elicited in animals sensitized with protein antigens in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) included numerous basophils when tested early after sensitization; however, at later intervals, this component became less prominent. Delayed lesions of contact allergy to dinitrofluorobenzene/dinitrochlorobenzene (DNFB/DNCB) similarly contained a prominent basophil component that was not diminished when testing was delayed for several weeks following sensitization. Immunization with DNFB in CFA sensitized animals for contact reactions that were more intense and indurated and contained a somewhat smaller proportion of basophils. CBH was passively transferred with lymph node cells from sensitized animals (but not with serum). Reactions in recipients were weak but histologically characteristic. Neither compound 48/80 nor specific antigen caused basophils to degranulate. Basophils did not accumulate one antigen tested, iodinated human serum albumin.
Immune Paralysis Induced by Pneumococcal Polysaccharide
Authors: Wu William G. , Horve Finn O. , Williams Carole C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The phagocytic and antibody-inductive activity of peritoneal cells (PC) derived from mice immunized or immunologically paralyzed with capsular antigen of Diplococcus pneumoniae type III (SIII) was studied. In vitro exposure of PC from “paralyzed” animals to 32P-labeled bacteria indicated that their rate of phagocytosis was similar to that of controls. Cells from immune animals showed an increased uptake of organisms, this being attributed to cell-associated antibody. When studied by passive cell transfer procedures in normal recipients, PC from “paralyzed” and immune animals conferred protection against challenge with viable organisms. Data obtained from irradiated recipients indicated that PC were necessary for production of antibody by spleen cells. Furthermore, immune paralysis appeared to be disrupted by macrophages through an active process resulting in antibody production by formerly unresponsive cells.
Immune Paralysis Induced by Pneumococcal Polysaccharide
Authors: Williams Carole C. , Wu William G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Passive transfer methods demonstrated that disrupted peritoneal cells (PC) and spleen cells (SpC) from mice immunized or immunologically paralyzed with type III pneumococcal polysaccharide antigen (SIII) could induce specific protection against infection in normal recipients. A part of this response to cell extracts could be ascribed to RNase-sensitive material. Injection of RNA derived from PC of such donors led to antibody production in recipients, and the inducing substance was partially RNase-sensitive. RNA preparations from SpC of “paralyzed” donors also evoked an excellent response in recipients, but did not contain an RNase-sensitive component. SpC of immune animals yielded an RNA which had poor antibody-inducing characteristics. Antigen was detected in the RNA of SpC from “paralyzed” donors, but not in other preparations. SIII was also detected in the blood serum of “paralyzed” donors, approximately 0.1 µg/ml being present 24 days following the injection of 100 µg.
Deficiency of C3 Inactivator in Man
Authors: Abramson Neil , Alper Chester A. , Lachmann Peter J. , Rosen Fred S. , Jandl James H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
C3 inactivator was undetectable in the serum of a previously described patient with increased susceptibility to infection, hypercatabolism of C3 and multiple protein deficiencies. His red cells were positive with specific C3-Coombs reagent but became negative after infusion of normal plasma. Incubation of his red cells with normal serum or with purified C3 inactivator rendered them C3-Coombs negative, whereas incubation in his own serum or buffer did not alter the C3-Coombs positivity. C3 deposited on red cells in vitro by treatment of purified C3 with trypsin or with C1s, C4 and C2 became similarly unreactive with C3-Coombs reagent following incubation with C3 inactivator. C3 inactivator, in addition to its effect on cell-bound C3, acted on fluid phase C3b to yield a product of approximately unchanged molecular size but with an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of C3c. C3 inactivator may play a role in conversion of C3b to C3c in vitro and, perhaps, in vitro.
IgA and Other Immunoglobulins from the European Hedgehog
Authors: Vaerman J. P. , Heremans J. F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hedgehog serum and exocrine secretions contain, besides IgM and two subclasses of IgG, a protein which cross-reacts with an antiserum against human IgA. Hedgehog serum IgA comprises a large proportion of molecules having a molecular size in the range of the 9 to 10S dimer of a 7S unit. The electronegative charge of hedgehog's serum IgA resembles that of human serum IgA as shown by its behavior upon DEAE-chromatography and electrophoresis. IgA was found to be the immunoglobulin having the highest secretion-to-serum concentration ratio in saliva and bile, and also to be the immunoglobulin produced by the majority of plasma cells in the lamina propria of the hedgehog's intestinal mucosa.
Serum Antigens of Cattle
Authors: Blakeslee Dennis , Butler John E. , Stone W. H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Two antisera detecting different allotypic specificities, A1 and B1, of cattle immunoglobulins were produced by isoimmunization with purified IgG in Freund's complete adjuvant. The A1 marker was found to be restricted to the Fc portion of IgG2 heavy chains, whereas B1 was a marker of immunoglobulin light chains and was found on IgG, IgA and IgM molecules. Genetic analysis indicated that the alleles controlling A1 and B1, bva1 and bvb1, respectively, were autosomal dominants and that they were inherited independently. The bva1 allele was highly frequent in 11 breeds except Hereford, which showed a low frequency. In contrast, bvb1 was infrequent or absent in all breeds.
Prediction of Immunosuppressive Potency of Antilymphocyte Serum by in Vitro Testing
Authors: Gill P. G. , Venables W. , Ludbrook J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Seventeen batches of rabbit anti-mouse lymphocyte serum (RAMLS) and normal rabbit serum were tested for ability to prolong allografts of CBA skin on BALB/c mice, and the leukoagglutinating, cytotoxic and both direct and indirect macrophage-cytophilic antibody titers of these sera were determined. Simple linear regressions of survival times of individual grafts on titers of each measurement disclosed statistically significant correlation in each case. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to establish the relative value of the four methods of assay in predicting allograft survival. The most efficient predictor was a mathematical model that included only the two cytophilic antibody titers. The predictive value was not improved by including agglutinating and cytotoxic antibody titers. These results established a close association of cytophilic activity with the immunosuppressive potency of RAMLS, and suggested that the roles of cytotoxicity and leukoagglutination per se are minor.
Distribution of Antigen-Ribonucleoprotein Complexes within Rat Peritoneal Exudate Cells
Authors: Bishop David C. , Gottlieb A. Arthur 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rat peritoneal macrophages were incubated with 125I-labeled preparations of the linear random copolymer L-Glu60Ala30Tyr10 (L-GAT). Following cell fractionation, the 125I label was distributed between the supernatant and ribosomal fractions in a ratio of 4:1. Over 95% of this ribosome-associated antigen was released by 1 M ammonium chloride. The labeled material released from the ribosomes in this way behaved as a unique macrophage ribonucleoprotein (RNP) species on polyacrylamide gels. This RNP-like material exhibited RNA-rich (ρ = 1.500 g/ml) and copolymerrich (ρ = 1.400 g/ml) components in cesium sulfate density gradients. The distribution of RNP species containing 125I L-GAT between the supernatant and ribosomal fractions of the macrophage was 2:1.
Purification and Structural Studies of Human Clq.
Authors: Yonemasu K. , Stroud R. M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human C1q has been purified by repeated precipitation at low ionic strength in the presence of chelating agents. The preparation was pure as judged by immunochemical and electrophoretic criteria. The final product had the biologic activities of C1q, but no detectable C1r or C1s activity. The yield of C1q by this method is about 40 to 60%.
Alternatively, C1q can be highly purified in smaller quantities for antigenic stimulation, using a single precipitation step, followed by two identical acrylamide gel steps. Rabbits antisera against this material were monospecific by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis, and agglutinated EAC1q cells, but not EA.
The molecular weight of C1q was estimated to be 388,000 on acrylamide gels containing SDS. C1q, lyophilized and dried to a constant weight, contained 13% nitrogen and its extinction coefficient, E1%1cm, was 6 to 6.5. Amino acid analyses and carbohydrate analyses have been carried out.
Studies on Human Complement: The Relationship of C3, C5, ß1c and ß1a
Authors: Nelson R. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Nine proteins of the complement system have been isolated from isolectric focusing columns. The pI values were: C1, 4.99; C4, 6.40; C2, 5.52; C3, 5.75; C5, 4.10; C6, 6.00; C7, 5.59; C8, 5.60 and 6.50; and C9, 4.72. Recovery was between 50% and 100% for each component. Reactivities of the C3 inactivator and of the cobra venom “cofactor” for C3 inactivation were found at pH 5.35. Results with C8 indicated either a double peak of hemolytic reactivity or the presence of a previously undefined inhibitor at pH 6.0.
The protein in fresh serum which precipitates ca. 90% of antibody from four standard antisera coded “anti β1c” was isolated as a sharp peak at pH 6.05 to 6.10 on 11 different occasions over a 2-year period. Another protein in “aged” serum or in preparations of C3 which were subjected to prolonged purification procedures peaked sharply at pH 6.76 and also precipitated most of the antibody in the four sera.
Inhibition of Chemotaxis by Human Leukocytes Following Incubation in Homologous Serum Devoid of Chemotactic Activity
Authors: Miller M. E. , Nilsson U. R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Incubation of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNS) with chemotactic factors has been shown to lead to a progressive decrease, or “deactivation,” in the chemotactic responsiveness of the PMNS (Ward and Becker). In these studies, we report that human PMNS can be similarly “deactivated” by humoral materials lacking chemotactic activity. Suspensions of human, peripheral blood PMNS (5 × 106 PMNS/ml) were incubated with equal volumes of undiluted homologous sera at 4, 23, or 37°C, or with serum that had first been incubated at 37°C for 10 min followed by 56°C for 20 min, or with heat-inactivated serum (56°C for 60 min), or with serum from which chemotactic activity had first been generated by the addition of pre-formed antigen-antibody complexes. After 30 min incubation, the cell suspensions were washed and tested for chemotactic response. Cell suspensions which had been incubated with materials having significant chemotactic activity had been “deactivated”—they failed to chemotax.
Amino Acid Sequence Studies of a Complement-Fixing Immunoglobulin Fragment
Authors: Kehoe J. M. , Capra J. D. , Fougereau M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previous studies have established the complement-fixing capacity of a 62 amino acid cyanogen bromide fragment derived from the amino terminal area of Fc of the Ig 2a molecule produced by the Potter murine myeloma MOPC-173. Amino acid sequence studies allowed a comparison of this region with the published sequences of the corresponding region of two human IgG proteins, one (Eu) belonging to the complement-fixing γG1 subclass and the other (Vin) to the noncomplement-fixing γG4 subclass. Within the NH2 terminal 45 amino acids, a tyrosine in position 296 (Eu numbering) was the only residue common to the two complement-fixing molecules which was replaced (by a phenylalanine) in the non-complement-fixing immunoglobulin. Other substitutions were observed that are apparently not correlated with this particular biologic activity, but a strong mouse-man sequence homology was apparent for the region.
Enzymatic Activation of C3 by a Complex Derived from a Purified Cobra Venom Factor and a Serum Globulin
Authors: Bitter-Suermann D. , Dierich M. , König W. , Hadding U. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A cobra venom factor (VF) and a serum factor (SF) form a complex that is able to activate C3. The complex formation has been studied using preparations of purified VF and SF, which on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed one single homogeneous band. The SF and all complement components have been purified from guinea pig serum. VF and SF did not react with each other except when Mg++ was present. Ca++, Zn++, Mn++, Cu++, Fe++ did not lead to complex formation. It could be demonstrated that the amount of formed complex is a function of the concentration of free Mg++ ions. The formation of an active complex is inhibited by EDTA. Reversal of inhibition can be achieved with Mg++. The complex formation is temperature dependent and starts at 37°C without lag phase. Applying the reaction velocity of the C3-turnover as a parameter for the complex formation it is shown that ca. 90% of VF and SF have interacted after 45 min at 37°C.
Elastase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Inactivation of Human Complement Components
Authors: Schultz D. R. , Miller K. D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pseudomonas infections are characterized by hemorrhagic and ulcerative necrosis with little or no inflammation. An elastolytic protease, implicated in the necrotic process, was isolated from cell cultures and was purified to homogeneity as shown by disc electrophoresis. Adding elastase to fresh human serum destroys the functional hemolytic activity of the nine components of complement (C1–9). Pretreating sheep erythrocytes (E) or sensitized erythrocytes with elastase affects neither the antibody-combining sites nor the combining sites for the sequential reactions of C. Of the nine isolated functionally pure C components tested individually, only C4 and C7 are not inactivated by elastase. The functional hemolytic activity of C3 is completely destroyed by elastase treatment, and highly purified β1C is converted to β1A as judged by immunoelectrophoresis. Exposure of human serum or a mixture of nine functionally pure C components to elastase did not cause hemolysis of unsensitized E.
Presence in Rabbit Colostrum of IgA Autoantibodies to a Gastric Antigen
Authors: Wise Ronald D. , Lichter Edward A. , Dray Sheldon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rabbits had IgA antibodies in their colostrum that precipitated an organ-specific antigen in their own stomach tissue as well as that of their progeny and of unrelated rabbits. Colostrum from a pseudopregnant virgin doe also precipitated this gastric antigen. Precipitin activity was not found in serum during pregnancy or post partum. Electrophoretically, the gastric antigen migrated faster than albumin to the rho region, and according to gel filtration the molecular weight resembled that of albumin.
Recessive Inheritance of Rapid Anti-Allotype Antibody Production
Authors: Kindred Berenice , Weiler Eberhardt 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
BALB/c mice made antibody against an allotype determinant of C57 immunoglobulin after only three injections of non-agglutinated serum. Evidence was obtained indicating that the determinant was carried by the γG2a globulin class. C3H and CBA mice did not produce anti-allotype antibody when submitted to the injection schedule to which BALB/c animals responded. The results of treating F1 and backcross mice demonstrated that the strain difference was under polygenic control.
The Influence of Transfusions from Unrelated Donors upon Marrow Grafts Between Histocompatible Canine Siblings
Authors: Storb Rainer , Rudolph Robert H. , Graham Theodore C. , Thomas E. Donnall 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previous studies indicated that marrow grafts between canine siblings matched by serologic histocompatibility typing and for non-reactivity in mixed leukocyte culture uniformly resulted in prompt and sustained engraftment. In contrast, marrow rejection was the rule when the recipient was given a single prior blood transfusion from the matched sibling marrow donor. The present study investigated the effect of multiple prior blood transfusions from randomly selected unrelated dogs on the outcome of marrow grafts between histocompatible siblings. Recipients were given three transfusions on each of three occasions, 24, 17 and 10 days before grafting. Recipients were prepared for grafting by exposure to 1500 R whole body irradiation followed within 4 hr by infusion of marrow from the matched sibling. Seven of the 11 recipients had prompt and sustained marrow engraftment and survived beyond 70 days. Four recipients died between 9 and 40 days, three of marrow rejection and one with a functioning graft and graft-vs-host disease. The data indicated that multiple prior transfusions from unrelated dogs can in some cases immunize a recipient and prevent subsequent successful marrow engraftment from a histocompatible canine sibling.
The Third Cell Type Required for the Immune Response of Spleen Cells in vitro
Authors: Cosenza Humberto , Leserman Lee D. , Rowley Donald A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cells that adhere to glass or plastic surfaces, obtained from spleens of nor mal and immunized mice, were compared for the ability to interact synergistically with nonadherent cells in the in vitro response to sheep erythrocytes. Adherent cells obtained from normal and immunized mice were equally x-ray resistant at several levels of x-irradiation and equally effective in enhancing the response of nonadherent cells. The plaque-forming cell response of cultures that contained dilutions of adherent cells from immunized mice were equivalent to responses of cultures containing corresponding dilutions of normal adherent cells. Adherent cells, therefore, did not appear to increase in number or change in function following in vivo antigenic stimulation. Adherent cells, whether derived from normal or immunized mice, were required for the in vitro response of non-adherent cells obtained from immunized animals. Spleen cell cultures obtained from immunized mice, however, required higher dilutions of non-adherent cells to interact synergistically with adherent cells. The enhanced responsiveness of non-adherent cells from immunized mice was consistent with an increase in number or change in function of non-adherent cells as a result of antigenic stimulation in vivo.
In Vitro Studies of the Response of Hamster Lymphocytes to Phytohemagglutinin and Antigenic Stimulation
Authors: Fernald Gerald W. , Metzgar Richard S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A semi-micromethod of in vitro culture of hamster lymphocytes was developed for studies of the immune response to cellular and soluble antigens and to microbial pathogens. The number of cells necessary for optimal stimulation in the 0.2-ml volume employed was 0.5 × 106 to 1.0 × 106; 20 to 60 cultures could be prepared from a single donor lymph node under these conditions. The response to phytohemagglutinin did not differ significantly from that described for several other laboratory species. A mixed lymphocyte reaction to human and other xenogeneic cells was demonstrated but allogeneic mixtures of Golden Syrian and MHA strains did not stimulate DNA synthesis. Responses to tuberculin-purified protein derivative and keyhole limpet hemocyanin were elicited in cultures from animals immunized with these antigens. Although cells from the mesenteric lymph node were employed for most experiments, similar reactivity was obtainable with peripheral blood lymphocytes.
The Role of Complement in the Phagocytosis of Candida Albicans by Mouse Peripheral Blood Leukocytes
Authors: Morelli Remo , Rosenberg Leon T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The phagocytosis of Candida albicans by peripheral blood leukocytes obtained from complement-deficient (C-) CF-1 female mice was tested in the presence of specific mouse antiserum, complement-positive (C+) or C- normal mouse serum. Phagocytosis was also tested with leukocytes collected from C+ B10.D2/Sn “new line” × B10.D2/Sn “old line” F1 hybrid mice and C-F1 hybrid × old line backcross mice in the presence of either C+ or C- normal mouse serum. The results indicated that phagocytosis of Candida by mouse blood leukocytes was rapid and was enhanced by a complete hemolytic C system. Also, phagocytosis of the yeast was enhanced by specific antiserum. The extent of intracellular killing of Candida measured with mouse peritoneal cells was not influenced by the presence of antibody, or of a complete C system, or the C status of the animals providing the cells.
The Immunologic Response to Xenografts
Authors: Sachs David H. , Winn Henry J. , Russell Paul S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The humoral response of rats to mouse xenografts included production of antibodies that detected the major histocompatibility alloantigens of donor mice with remarkable specificity. Although these antibodies were present in high titer, their effects were generally masked by “species-specific” activity until after appropriate absorptions. The absorption process produced significant anticomplementary activity in the absorbed sera, which may explain difficulties previously experienced in recognizing allospecificity in xenoantisera. The fact that histocompatibility alloantigens, unlike other alloantigens, are recognized readily by a xenogeneic host may indicate greater homology between major histocompatibility antigens of different species than was previously recognized.
Alterations in the Kinetics of Hemagglutinin Formation Following Embryonic Bursectomy
Authors: Moticka Edward J. , Van Alten Pierson J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Surgical removal of the bursa of Fabricius 2 days before hatching caused a significant decrease in the number of cells capable of rosette formation and in the amount of antibody produced to sheep erythrocytes. This was accompanied by an alteration in the kinetics of the response and production of predominantly 2-mercaptoethanol sensitive, high molecular weight antibody. Bursectomy at 19 days of incubation appears selectively to eliminate a population of immunologically active cells. The remaining immunocompetent cells are incapable of developing a normal antibody response to sheep erythrocytes, perhaps because of a decreased population size and/or a derangement in the normal homeostatic mechanism responsible for the control of antibody synthesis.