bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HISTORICAL PARALLELS: THE ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICT/THE VENEZUELA-GUYANA CONTROVERSY /THE JAMAT AL MUSLIMEEN ATTEMPTED COUP IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO GOVERNMENT
Authors: Raghunath Mahabir , Keron Ganpat 
Published: February 2025

Parallel boundary disputes between states are a complex and sensitive topic. The disputes can arise due to various reasons such as historical, political, economic, or social factors and can be resolved through diplomatic negotiations, legal proceedings, or other peaceful means. This paper looks at three disputes, two of which are currently ongoing (The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict and The Venezuela-Guyana Controversy) and the other which took place in 1990 (The Jamat Al Muslimeen-attempted coup in Trinidad and Tobago). In this case the disputed land area was just about 15 acres of land on which the Jamat-al-Muslimeen (JAM) lived in a place just outside the capital city of Port of Spain known as Mucurapo. The purpose of the paper is to identify similarities and differences in all three conflicts and examine the success or otherwise of the existing boundary resolution mechanisms and its effects on the national security of the respective countries and their neighbours.
Data for this qualitative research was obtained from both primary and secondary sources . In the cases of the Guyana-Venezuela dispute and the dispute in Trinidad and Tobago, the primary data was collected directly through interviews, observations , forum discussions. Secondary data used for all three disputes included government publications, websites, books, journal articles, and internal records.
BORDER SECURITY AND OIL WAR IN THE LATIN AMERICAN /CARIBBEAN REGION: A CASE STUDY OF THE GUYANA/VENEZUELA DISPUTE.
Authors: Raghunath Mahabir , Keron Ganpat 
Published: February 2025

This article explores the recent developments in the ongoing dispute between Guyana and Venezuela which has intensified as a result of the Venezuelan contention that the Arbitral Award of 1899 about the frontier between then British Guiana and Venezuela is null and void. The Essequibo region is a disputed territory of 61,650 square miles (159,500 km² )west of the Essequibo River. It is claimed by both Guyana and Venezuela, but it has been administered and controlled by Guyana since the 1899 Paris Arbitral Award. The boundary dispute was inherited from the colonial powers (Spain in the case of Venezuela, and the Netherlands and the United Kingdom in the case of Guyana) and has been complicated by the independence of Guyana from the United Kingdom in 1966.The author analyses the impact of this dispute and draws attention to the disregard of international law and to the infringement of territorial sovereignty and integrity by one state on another. The purpose of the paper is to chronicle the facts and circumstances relating to this dispute with the specific intent of examining why Venezuela engaged in actions contrary to the ICJ ruling of December 1,2023 and what are some of the possible responses to these actions taken by the current Venezuelan government. Data for this paper was collected from interviews and discussions with several persons including members of the Guyanese Defense Force, academia, government officials from Guyana, Venezuelans living in Trinidad and Tobago and from the proceedings from a Conference entitled A Public Awareness Program: The Venezuela –Guyana Dispute held in Georgetown Guyana, on November 28, 2023, in which senior members of the Guyanese government participated. As of the time of writing (December 12 ,2023) Venezuela’s President Nicolas Maduro on December 6,2023 called for a bill to create a “Guyana Esequiba” province and ordered Venezuelan companies to prepare to enter the territory to explore for fossil fuels and minerals “immediately”. The move has escalated tensions over the disputed oil-rich territory and Maduro said he will proceed “to grant operating licenses for the exploration and exploitation of oil, gas and mines in the entire area of our Essequibo”. With his demand
that Guyanese companies working in the territory leave within three months, the United States has already responded by strengthening its military presence in Guyana. In response as well, Guyanese President Irfaan Ali rejected the measures as a “direct threat” against his country and has threatened to take the case to the United Nations Security Council (UNSC).It seems more than likely that other players such as the Unites States, Brazil, China and Russia may sooner or later get involved in this dispute.
Key words: Venezuela, Guyana, territorial sovereignty, International Court of Justice (ICJ)
Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury via ASK-1/TXNIP Pathway Modulation
Authors: Abdelaziz Amal , Mekky Radwa Yyehia , Ibrahim Sherine 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a diverse set of illnesses characterized by a rapid decline in kidney functionMaterial and methodsCharacteristics and homing of MSCs to kidney tissues were identified by flow cytometry and differentiation capability. After AKI induction by cisplatin injection in sixteen albino rats, the AKI rats were further subdivided into three subgroups. The first subgroup served as a positive control and the second one received 2 mg/kg furosemide (FUR) which served as a standard drug. The third subgroup received a single dose of 5 x 106 MSCs via tail vein injection once a week for consecutive two weeks. AKI-related biochemical parameters were assayed at 2 weeks after MSC treatment. Kidney histological changes were also evaluated. Moreover, the apoptosis of kidney cells and expression of apoptosis-related proteins were assessed by western blot.ResultsCompared with AKI rats, rats treated with MSCs showed suppressed serum levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. MSC treatment alleviated the pathological abnormalities in the kidneys of AKI rats as shown by H&E staining.Furthermore, MSC treatment suppressed apoptosis of kidney cells in AKI rats via downregulation of apoptotic proteins; thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1). Most importantly, MSC treatment promoted the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the kidneys of AKI rats.ConclusionsOur results suggest that MSCs could ameliorate renal injury of AKI rats via their antiapoptotic properties. Also, the protective effects of MSCs may be mediated by their angiogenic potential effects.
EDUKASI KETERAMPILAN HARDSKILL MELALUI HANDICRAFT BERBASIS LOGIC EXPLOXER DI DESA KOLBANO KABUPATEN TTS
Authors: Kurniawan Budi , Fernandes Elisabeth Ernawaty , Palla Karima Tunisa , Tjandring Sahrul 
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this community service is to be able to improve the Hardskill ability of students by providing Hardskill Skills Education training through Logic Exploxer-Based handicrafts in Kolbano Village, TTS Regency regarding: (1) processing of plastic waste into handicrafts (2) processing of various shapes and colors of beach stones become handicrafts.. Implementation of hardskill skills education training service activities through Logic Exploxer-Based Handicraft in Kolbano Village, TTS Regency is conducted according to the planned program. The implementation method used in this community service activity is divided into 4 (four) stages including (1) initial observation of the activity area (2) problem mapping (3) activity socialization (4) training implementation by involving the community, students, and lecturers of the Primary School Teacher Training Study Program University of Muhammadiyah Kupang. The outcome of this activity is the understanding of the community and students about the processing of plastic and colored stone waste and the ability to develop students' hard skills.
Pembuatan Majalah Dinding untuk Meningkatkan Literasi dan Mengembangkan Kemampuan Menulis Peserta Didik di SDI Dhereisa
Authors: Fono Yasinta Maria , Sayangan Yohanes Vianey , Bupu Antonia , Mengu Maria Oktaviana 
Published: February 2025

Kemampuan literasi pada awalnya diartikan sebagai keterampilan membaca dan menulis, tetapi pada saat ini pengertiannya mengalami perkembangan. Khusus untuk mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia pengertian literasi lebih dipumpunkan pada keterampilan informasi. Kemampuan informasi mengacu pada beberapa aktivitas, yaitu mengumpulkan informasi, mengolah informasi, dan mengomunikasikan informasi. Sebagai upaya pengembangan kemampuan literasi peserta didik maka perlu adanya kegiatan yang medukung atau dapat membantu peserta didik seperti pembuatan majalah dinding. Program ini adalah satu upaya umum sebagai media informasi, karena informasi yang didapat lewat mading mudah dilakukan dan tidak memakan banyak biaya terutama dalam hal pengelolaannya.Tujuan dari pembuatan mading adalah membantu meningkatkan literasi dan kreatifitas peserta didik dalam mencari informasi dan ide-ide baru yang kemudian dituangkan dalam sebuah karya sepperti puisi, cerpen, dan pantun. Pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan metode pendampingan di SDI Dhereisa melalui program pembuatan majalah dinding. Hasil pendampingan menujukan bahwa adanya peningkatan kemampuan litrerasi dan kreativitas peserta didik di SDI Dhereisa.
Adherence To A Gender Responsive Pedagogy For Teaching And Learning In Secondary Schools In Temeke District, Tanzania
Authors: Erasto Losioki Bertha 
Published: February 2025

Gender equality in pedagogy is important in ensuring good quality education. However, pedagogical issues and social cultural norms continue to impede the implementation of gender equality in teaching and learning in schools. This study focused on adherence to a gender responsive pedagogy for teaching and learning in secondary schools in Temeke District. Data were collected from 288 participants selected through random and purposive sampling. The study used both quantitative and qualitative approaches. In depth interview, questionnaire survey and non-participant observation methods were used to collect primary data, and documentary review was used to collect secondary data. Likert scale was used to measure gender equality adherence. Content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data according to key themes and research objectives. Data were presented in frequency tables and bar charts. Major findings show that gender equality is adhered to in school practices and a gender responsive pedagogy is adequately adhered to in the teaching and learning process. Three quarter of the respondents show that the curriculum addresses gender equality in school practice including teaching and learning in the classroom. This study recommends that the Ministry of Education Science and Technology in collaboration with education stakeholders should continue to emphasize the implementation of a gender responsive pedagogy in teaching and learning practice in schools and to raise awareness on gender equality issues at the community level.
LINGUAGEM, IDENTIDADE E PRECONCEITO: O PAPEL DA LINGUAGEM REGIONAL NA CONSTRUÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE RURAL E SEUS EFEITOS NO ENSINO
Authors: Silva Andréa Queila de Barros e , Coutinho Diógenes José Gusmão 
Published: February 2025

O preconceito linguístico na zona rural é um fenômeno complexo que atinge tanto a identidade dos indivíduos quanto suas oportunidades educacionais. Este artigo tem como objetivo averiguar o papel da linguagem regional na construção na construção da identidade rural, bem como os efeitos do preconceito linguístico no processo de ensino-aprendizagem nos alunos da zona rural. A metodologia adotada para este estudo foi de formas qualitativa e bibliográfica. A amostra foi composta por alguns alunos que integram a Escola de Referência em Ensino Médio Dr. Jaime Monteiro, Gameleira-PE. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de sondagens antes e depois das intervenções, entrevistas com alguns alunos, questionários de percepção sobre os danos causados pelo preconceito linguístico, além de observações diretas em sala de aula. Os resultados foram obtidos através de momentos de reflexão e de conscientização nas aulas de Estudo Orientado e dos Itinerários Formativos, resgatando a autoestima e ampliando os horizontes em relação à identidade de suas raízes familiares. A pesquisa analisa como as variantes locais, muitas vezes estigmatizadas, influenciam a autoestima e o pertencimento dos estudantes rurais, além de explorar como o preconceito linguístico presente nas escolas podem impactar o desempenho acadêmico e a formação da identidade desses indivíduos. A investigação também aborda a importância de estratégias educacionais inclusivas que promovam a valorização das línguas e dialetos regionais; demonstrando que é um processo contínuo e requer estímulo para essa transformação. Percebe-se que há sempre uma explicação nos mecanismos da língua, as variações linguísticas retratam a história de cada indivíduo, e na maioria das vezes, são vistas com preconceito e desprestígio; no entanto há enriquecimento ao conhecer a história de uma língua para desvendar o porquê de cada falante manuseá-la de formas divergentes.
Karakterisasi Biochar dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit
Authors: Febrina Wetri , Awaluddin Amir , Saryono Saryono , Helwani Zuchra 
Published: February 2025

Pada awalnya teknologi biochar berkembang pesat karena manfaatnya dalam meningkatkan kesuburan tanah, memperbaiki struktur tanah, meningkatkan hasil panen dan memperbaiki kondisi tanaman.. Penggunaan biochar saat ini meluas diluar bidang pertanian, diantaranya sebagai bahan bakar alternatif, dan sebagai adsorben dalam pengolahan air limbah. Pemanfaatan limbah pertanian dan perkebunan menjadikan pemanfaatan biochar bermanfaat dalam usaha untuk memperbaiki kondisi lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis karaktersitik fisikokimia biochar dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit, dan potensinya sebagai adsorben pengolahan limbah cair. Biochar diaktifkan menggunakan kalium hidroksida (KOH) pada berbagai konsentrasi. EFB yang diaktivasi dengan KOH 3M menunjukkan kapasitas adsorpsi tertinggi dibandingkan dengan yang diaktivasi dengan KOH 2M dan 1M. Hasil ini didukung oleh data tentang gugus fungsi dan struktur pori, yang diamati menggunakan spektroskopi Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) dan metode Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET).
CHEMOMETRIC APPROACH TO THE PREDICTION OF POLLUTANTS DISTRIBUTION IN WATER SOURCES AROUND ASHAKA CEMENT INDUSTRY
Authors: Usman H. , Adamu H. , Mohammed I. , Babangida M. I. , Abubakar U. F. , Yuguda A. U. , Sabo A. 
Published: February 2025

Cement production can negatively affect nearby water resources. This study used chemometrics to predict the source and distribution of pollution indicators around the Ashaka Cement Industry in Nigeria. Seventy-two water samples were collected from twelve stations between July and October 2023 and analyzed for pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, salinity, total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and the BOD/COD ratio using standard methods. Results showed that while most parameters were within WHO limits, elevated TSS and turbidity were observed at all stations, with high salinity at one sampling station. Generally, there were increases in the concentrations of most physicochemical parameters during August and September compared to July and October. Thus, while many individual parameters fell within WHO guidelines, the widespread and persistent issues with TSS and turbidity, along with the localized high salinity, indicate that the water sources were not of consistently good quality. Also, seasonal variations need to be considered in water management. Multivariate data analysis (PCA, HCA, CA, and DA) using IBM SPSS effectively correlated and classified physicochemical indicators of pollution based on their sources and spatial distribution patterns. This study demonstrates the potential of chemometrics for assessing industrial pollution and provides insights into the relationships between water quality indices and their sources around the cement industry. Thus, this information can guide monitoring and mitigation to minimize the industry's environmental impact around its environs.
Impact of Disruptive Technologies in Developing Countries: A Study on the Indian Economy
Authors: Chandrasekhar Mudraganam  
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This research seeks to examine how disruptive technologies affect the Indian economy, emphasizing their influence on different sectors and socioeconomic aspects in developing nations.
Method: The study employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative data from surveys and statistical analysis with qualitative insights from interviews and case studies. It scrutinizes various disruptive technologies like artificial intelligence, blockchain, and the Internet of Things, assessing their adoption rates and impacts on different segments of the Indian economy.
Result and Conclusion: The investigation highlights substantial effects of disruptive technologies on the Indian economy, including enhanced efficiency, productivity, and market competitiveness across sectors. However, challenges such as job displacement, digital disparity, and regulatory issues are also identified. While disruptive technologies hold potential to reshape India's economic landscape, strategic planning and policy interventions are crucial to maximize benefits and manage risks.
Implication of the Research: The study's findings carry implications for policymakers, business leaders, and stakeholders in the Indian economy. Understanding the dynamics of disruptive technologies can aid in crafting policies that stimulate innovation, entrepreneurship, and inclusive development. Additionally, businesses can use these insights to adapt strategies, bolster technological capabilities, and capitalize on emerging opportunities in the digital economy.
Originality/Value: This research contributes uniquely by focusing on the impact of disruptive technologies within the context of developing nations like India. By addressing the specific challenges and opportunities encountered by such economies, it offers valuable insights into the socioeconomic consequences of technological disruptions. Moreover, the mixed-method approach employed enriches understanding and provides practical implications for academia, industry, and policymaking.
Investigating Public Pharmacists' Awareness, Perspectives, and Functions in Pediatric Palliative Management: Facilitators and Obstacles
Authors: Agrawal Ashish , Chandrakar Kunal 
Published: February 2025

Pain is a frequent issue, and the use of painkillers is widespread. Public Pharmacists (PP) serve as the main interfaces for patients and may significantly influence the direction of reasonable medication or unconventional pain treatment approaches. Nonetheless, there are no definitive academic programs or standardized norms to facilitate this position, and the awareness of this prospective job remains limited. This research investigated PP's awareness, perspectives, and functions in Pediatric Palliative Management (PPM) at Community-based Pharmacies (CbP) and Pharmaceutical Storefronts (PSs). An exploratory study was performed using SPSS version 25 to collect, analyze, and evaluate the information. The study further examined possible facilitators and obstacles and the application of current regulations. Of the 125 PPs solicited for the research, 100 consented to participate and submitted the survey responses. When evaluating alternative options, 37.2% concur that the exclusive use of analgesics and adjuvant medicines may successfully manage chronic pain, whereas a notable minority (28.1%) either dissent or maintain a neutral stance. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is extensively supported as an early intervention, with 52.8% of individuals in agreement and 17.2% in strong agreement, underscoring its acknowledgment as a non-pharmacological approach for chronic pain management. Ultimately, a significant majority (62.1%) of participants agree that the selection of painkillers should be predicated on pain severity, with 21.3% expressing a strong endorsement of this methodology.
Enhancing Brain Tumour Detection using an Ensemble approach of Particle Swarm Optimization and Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Ishi Manoj , Mahajan Mahesh , Mali Makarand , Sonawane Sandip 
Published: February 2025

Detecting brain tumor is vital in medical imaging research and computer-aided diagnosis to improve timely diagnosis and treatment outcomes. The diagnostic accuracy depends on the subjective analysis of radiologists applying conventional methods for brain tumor identification, which include MRI scans and biopsies. Innovations in machine and deep learning provide promising automation to improve the precision of tumor diagnosis as compared to the current methods. In this paper, image augmentation, feature extraction, and optimization methods are used to enhance the diagnosis of brain tumors. The proposed approach employs rotation augmentation, median filtering, Grey-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) feature extraction, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to boost the accuracy and pliability of brain tumor classification. The Harvard repository dataset was used. It has a wide range of brain images for training and validation. The convolutional neural network combines particle swarm optimization techniques to detect brain tumors in MRI images. An accuracy rate of 96.71% is obtained with this integrated approach, which surpasses the present system. An effective solution for automated tumor detection in MRI images is achieved by integrating cutting-edge image processing methods such as rotation augmentation, median filtering, and GLCM feature extraction with the optimization strengths of PSO and the effective learning capabilities of CNNs.