bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urtica dioica (Stinging Nettle): A Comprehensive & Concise Review on its
Nutritional Profile and Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Aziz Namra , Vinod Yadav Rupali , Sarkar Dhrubajyoti , Wal Ankita , Verma Vaibhav , Wal Pranay 
Published: September 2023

Background:
A relatively untapped origin of drugs is medicinal plants. Traditional medicine employs Urtica dioica L. to treat a variety of ailments. A plant that produces fresh leaves that are dehydrated and used as a powder or in various forms is gaining popularity as a recent source of very nutritious food.

Objective:
This review attempts to address its nutritional profile, as well as its bioactive chemical ingredients and known food functional activities, as well as its historical usage in food and medicine. To date, several bioactive chemical components from stinging nettle have been identified, including flavonoids, phenolic and amino acids, fatty acids and carotenoids.

Method:
A comprehensive analysis of the literature search was conducted. Several databases have been searched using the common terms Urtica dioica, stinging nettle, phenolic compounds and phytochemicals using Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed-Medline and Google Scholar as search engines.

Conclusion:
The therapeutic potential of Urtica dioica and its disease-preventing strategies are updated in this review article. Also, its classification, chemical composition, nutritive value, and pharmacological activities are enlisted in this review with further future perspectives of Urtica dioica.
Fluorescence Quenching Study of 5-sulphosalicylic Acid Doped
Polyaniline-γ-Fe2O3 Composite for High Energy Material Sensing
(Fe-SPAni)
Authors: Pattathil Shruthy Darley , Ture Satish Ashok , Bertrand Zing Zing , Abbaraju Venkataraman 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Polymeric nanocomposites containing metal oxides are of interest to researchers because these materials show hybrid properties that are generated from both components. Due to the control and design of structural properties at the nanoscale scale, they have specialized properties for a range of applications. Researchers have tried to improve the desirable characteristics and thus increase their application by reinforcing them with nanoscale materials to provide them with better properties than conventional micro composites.

Objective:
In our present work we have used 5-sulphosalicylic acid doped polyaniline-γ-Fe2O3 composite (Fe-SPAni) to detect explosives using fluorescence quenching method. Along with ease of synthesis and low cost, Fe-SPAni possesses a variable oxidation state which is important for trace detection of the analytes.

Methods:
We used the fluorophore Fe-SPAni to detect High Energy Materials (HEMs) using the fluorescence quenching approach, which is still difficult to achieve. UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDAX) were used to determine the molecular structure of the Fe-SPAni composite produced by oxidative chemical polymerization; CV studies were performed to investigate the electrochemical properties. HEMs such as dinitrobenzene (DNB), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), trinitrotoulene (TNT), 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane(CL-20) were used as quenchers.The fluorescence quenching process was determined using the Stern-Volmer graph.

Results:
The Stern-Volmer(S-V) plot and limit of detection (LOD) data showed that PETN had the greatest results for the quenching constant value (Ksv) (Ksv =1.33 x 106 M-1 and 1.4x 10-6M, respectively).

Conclusion:
The research points to Fe-SPAni as a promising contender for sensing explosives.
IoT-based Smart Pill Reminding System
Authors: Nagchandi Akul , Kher Pradyot , Gudipalli Abhishek , Tiwari Amit 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The concept of pill reminders has been discussed and developed throughout the decade. It varies from cascaded plastic pill boxes to complicated robust dispensers. This proposed smart pill reminding system based on IoT is being designed by considering ease-to-use and cost-effectiveness.

Method:
A smart pill reminding system is a system that will alert the patient to take their respective pill at the desired time. It will also track the motion of the patient’s hand while taking the pill and will also display the pill count on an LCD Screen. In case a patient forgets/ignores the reminder provided by the system, the system will automatically display the status on the application that will be installed in the relative/caretaker’s phone and through an email on the patient's relative/caretaker’s email address to take subsequent action. The system will monitor the real-time using an RTC module, and as and when the current time matches the medicines time, it will activate its mechanism, and the patient will have a buffer time to take their medicine. In case a patient does take the medicine in the buffer time provided by the system, then one mechanism of the system will be activated. In another case, if a patient does not take the medicine in the stipulated time, further actions will be initiated by the system to benefit the patient.

Results:
It was tested and found that out of ten times, the system worked accurately nine times, with calculated accuracy as high as 90%. Initially, the Blynk application will display “Welcome Patient” and “You will be updated”. Once the RTC matches the scheduled time to take medicine, the buzzer starts buzzing. If the IR sensor detects the movement of the user’s hand, the LCD will update the pill count, and the pill count is reduced by one. The LCD will also display the message “Medicine Taken”. If the IR sensor does not detect the movement of the user’s hand, the LCD will display the same pill count. The LCD will also display the message “Med1 not Taken”. The Blynk will also be updated and will display the same messages. The green LED shows the status of the consumption of the pill. The email will sent to the caretaker in this case.

Conclusion:
In this work, all the problems related to the system are overcome in a systematic manner with the help of IoT and basic electronic applications. Thus, the system will help the user take all the prescribed medicines on time and will also update the user’s caretaker via application and email services. This will largely help the working class as well as the senior citizens. Thus, this proposed system can be commercialised as a handy and cost-effective device.
FOSTERING CRITICAL READING AND CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS THROUGH TEACHING PRACTICES IN THE CONTEXT OF ADVANCED (EAP) ENGLISH COURSES
Authors: Spirovska Elena 
Published: September 2023

The importance of critical thinking and critical reading skills in higher education and language courses is established and frequently explored, particularly with the shift from traditional to more contemporary teaching methods. The purpose of this study is to elaborate on the implementation of teaching practices with focus on development of critical reading and critical thinking. Both critical reading and critical thinking are considered to be essential parts of the ESP (English for Specific Purposes) and EAP (English for Academic Purposes) syllabi, including English language courses which target the students who are highly proficient in English. This study attempts to summarize and elaborate on the importance of critical reading and critical thinking skills and to provide further details regarding introducing and teaching these skills through various practices in the context of Advanced English / English for Academic Purposes (EAP) courses. In addition, the study will focus on students’ perceptions of their critical thinking and critical reading competencies, compared and contrasted with students’ performance and results when introducing activities and tasks which require critical reading and critical thinking. The research methodology is qualitative and includes a 5-point Likert scale survey targeting the student population in EAP courses. Finally, the study will suggest teaching practices and activities which can be used to foster critical reading and critical thinking skills in the context of EAP courses.
Zur Eingrenzbarkeit des Problems der Nicht-Identität
Authors: Omerbasic-Schiliro Alina 
Published: September 2023

Das Problem der Nicht-Identität ist eines der zentralen Probleme der gegenwärtigen Philosophie. Es ergibt sich, wenn versucht wird, das Wohl künftig lebender, das heißt gegenwärtig (noch) nicht existierender Individuen in den Bereich moralischer Berücksichtigung zu holen. Obwohl seine Brisanz für Fragen der Metaethik, aber auch der Zukunfts- oder Umweltethik sowie der Ethik der Reproduktionsmedizin offenkundig ist, und die Debatte darüber seit Derek Parfits Diskussion des Problems in seinem Werk Reasons and Persons von 1984 bis heute nicht an Fahrt und Hitzigkeit verloren hat, gilt es noch immer als ungelöst.
Auch dieser Artikel soll einen Beitrag zur Suche nach der Lösung des Problems der Nicht-Identität leisten, nicht aber, indem ein weiterer Lösungsvorschlag unterbreitet wird, sondern indem gezeigt wird, dass es sich in weniger Fällen ergibt als in der Literatur suggeriert wird. Es soll gezeigt werden, dass viele der in der Literatur diskutierten, vermeintlichen Nicht-Identitäts-Fälle „schon jetzt“, das heißt ohne die seit Parfits Diskussion des Problems gesuchte „Theory X“, welche die lang ersehnte Lösung verspricht, gefunden zu haben, lösbar sind, weil es sich bei diesen überhaupt nicht um genuine Nicht-Identitäts-Fälle handelt. Hierzu erfolgt nach einer kurzen Erläuterung des Problems zunächst eine Darstellung und Analyse einiger „klassischer“ Nicht-Identitäts-Fälle. Anschließend wird in zwei Schritten für eine neuartige Einschränkung des Problembereichs des Nicht-Identitäts-Arguments – also des Arguments, das letztlich zum Problem der Nicht-Identität führt – argumentiert.
Die Einführung dieser Einschränkung beziehungsweise Fallunterscheidung bringt für die weiterfolgende Debatte zwei methodologisch wichtige Erkenntnisse mit sich: Nicht nur kann das Problemfeld des Nicht-Identitäts-Arguments deutlich eingegrenzt werden. Auch der Anwendungsbereich des gesuchten Prinzips, welches das Problem der Nicht-Identität zu lösen vermag, fällt kleiner aus als gemeinhin angenommen wird. Dies mag zwar dort, wo sich das Problem der Nicht-Identität wirklich ergibt, nichts von seiner Brisanz nehmen. Doch hilft es, allzu häufigen Verweisen auf das Nicht-Identitäts-Argument Einhalt zu gebieten, und sich bei der Suche nach einer Lösung fortan auf genuine Problemfälle zu konzentrieren.
The Analysis of Traditional Muslim Bridal by Makeup Artists on Instagram Media
Authors: Faidah Mutimmatul , Wahyuningsih Ana Esti 
Published: September 2023

The presence of make-up artists with uploads of their works on Instagram is a lot of reference cosmetology at this time. This study aims (1) to find out details of traditional bridal make-up made by Make up artist and (2) compare the makeup trends applied to traditional bridal make-up by Make up Artist. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques with documentation. The document is in the form of Instagram social media account holders @heramua, @neymakeup, @mutiarapermata_mua. The results of this research are: (1) Solo Putri bridal make-up on account @heramua is different from Solo Putri makeup in general, that is, not using paes on the bride's forehead. The Bridal Makeup on the @Neymakeup Account uses the Korean look concept, where facial makeup looks natural and fresh. The traditional bride on the account @mutiarapermata_mua flawless make up but slightly emphasizes the makeup in the eye area that is the addition of thick eyelashes and dark eye shadow. (2) Flawless make up was made a concept by @heramua and @mutiarapermata_mua, not only because of client demands but also a trend among adolescent girls because the results of makeup that look more natural. @neymakeup uses the concept of Korean look where the results of facial makeup do not correct the face much and display the face looking natural and fresh.
Kehadiran Make up Artis dengan unggahan karyanya pada media Instagram banyak menjadi referensi tata rias pada saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) mengetahui detail tata rias pengantin tradisional berhijab karya Make up Artis dan (2) membandingkan trend tata rias yang diaplikasikan pada pengantin tradisional berhijab karya Make up Artis. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan dokumentasi. Dokumen berupa media sosial instagram pemilik akun @heramua, @neymakeup, @mutiarapermata_mua. Hasil peneliti ini adalah: (1) Tata rias pengantin Solo Putri pada Akun @heramua berbeda dengan riasan Solo Putri pada umumnya yaitu tidak menggunakan paes di dahi pengantin. Tata Rias Pengantin pada Akun @Neymakeup menggunakan konsep Korean look, dimana make up wajah terlihat natural dan segar. Pengantin tradisional pada Akun @mutiarapermata_mua flawless make up tetapi sedikit mempertegas riasan di area mata yaitu penambahan bulu mata yang tebal dan bayangan sudut mata terlihat gelap dan (2) Make up flawless dijadikan konsep oleh @heramua dan @mutiarapermata_mua, tidak hanya karena tuntutan klien tetapi juga trend di kalangan remaja wanita karena hasil make up yang terlihat lebih natural. @neymakeup menggunakan konsep Korean look dimana hasil riasan wajah tidak banyak mengkoreksi wajah dan menampilkan wajah terlihat natural dan segar.
Strategi Pengembangan Atraksi Wisata Buatan di Pantai Kata Kota Pariaman
Authors: Triana Wira , Yuliana Yuliana 
Published: September 2023

AbstrakPenelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh kurangnya perkembangan terhadap atraksi wisata buatan di Pantai Kata Kota Pariaman. Pantai Kata memiliki potensi yang cukup banyak untuk dapat dikembangkan atraksi wisata buatannya. Potensi tersebut berupa terdapatnya pasir pantai yang luas, jajaran pohon pinus yang asri serta terdapat kolam yang belum dimanfaatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan strategi yang digunakan untuk pengembangan atraksi wisata buatan yang mempunyai indikator berupa All Terain Vehicle (ATV), Kolam Pancing dan Outbound dengan menggunakan analisis SWOT yang dilihat dari faktor internal berupa kekuatan dan kelemahan serta faktor eksternal berupa peluang dan ancaman. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan deskriptif dengan data kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi yang melibatkan informan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data secara reduksi yaitu dengan merangkum, memilih dan juga memfokuskan pada hal-hal penting, serta menganalisis data yang diperoleh terhadap masalah yang di teliti.Hasil penelitian ini secara keseluruhan adanya faktor internal yang didapatkan dari kekuatan dan kelemahan Pantai Kata serta faktor eksternal yang didapatkan dari peluang dan ancaman. Jika dilakukan pengembangan terhadap atraksi wisata buatan di Pantai Kata Kota Pariaman, strategi yang dirumuskan : 1) Memanfaatkan lahan yang tersedia sebagai area bermain ATV karena belum ada pantai yang menawarkan All Terain Vehicle (ATV) di Kota Pariaman. 2) Mengelola lahan, kolam atau talao yang tersedia di Pantai Kata menjadi kawasan kolam pancing untuk komunitas yang hobi memancing. 3) Mengelola lahan yang tersedia untuk digunakan sebagai kawasan Outbound.
Kata Kunci : Strategi, Pengembangan, Atraksi Wisata Buatan
Audio-Vestibular System Injury in Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Pazardzhikliev D. , Filipova F. , Milkov D. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 is a pandemic disease, which commonly presents with fatigue, loss of smell, fever and ground-glass opacities on diagnostic imaging of the lungs. After the first few months of the pandemic, we noticed a tendency for audio-vestibular complaints on out-patient visits post-hospitalization for COVID-19.

Objective. The aim of this study was to study the prevalence of audio-vestibular complaints in COVID-19.

Materials and methods. This study included 57 patients with audio-vestibular complaints during and after hospitalization for COVID-19 at University Hospital Kaspela in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. The patients underwent both auditory and vestibular tests, as well as a computed tomography of the cranial brain.

Results. The ratio of males to females was 1,35:1, with most belonging to the age group of 51 to 70 years (63,2%). All 57 patients had sudden hearing loss – unilateral in 36 (63,2%) and bilateral in 21 (36,8%), while 17 patients (29.8%) additionally had subjective tinnitus. Forty-eight patients (84,2%) had vestibular complaints – general dizziness in 46 (95,8%) and rotatory vertigo in two (4,2%). Two patients had spontaneous nystagmus (3,5%), 43 (75,4%) – saccades, and 25 (43,9%) – smooth pursuit and gaze disturbances. Romberg with closed eyes was positive in two patients (3,5%), and Fukuda lateralized to the healthy ear also in two patients (3,5%). Dix-Hallpike was positive in one patient (1,8%). The video head-impulse test was positive in two patients (3,5%). Vascular encephalopathy was found on computed tomography in 33 patients (57,9%).

Conclusions. Coronavirus disease 2019 may be associated with vestibulocochlear nerve damage, and in most cases, it is an isolated injury to the auditory nerve. Complaints of dizziness are most likely due to vascular changes in the central nervous system.
Lymph Node Metastases and Local Cancer Spread in Serous Endometrial Cancer and Endometrial Adenocarcinoma – A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kovachev S. , Gitsova S. , Ganovska A. , Kovachev M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Serous endometrial carcinoma is characterized by its highly aggressive nature and represents about 10% of all endometrial carcinomas. It causes about 80% of deaths among women suffering from endometrial cancer.

The aim of our study was to determine the frequency, lymphatic and local spread of serous endometrial cancer compared with endometrial adenocarcinoma.

Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in a period of 4 years (from 2015 to 2019). One hundred and twenty-three women aged between 39 and 84 years suffering from endometrial carcinoma in various stages according to FIGO from stage I to IV were included in the study. Diagnosis was established clinically and by imaging studies and was histologically proven in all women. We performed radical hysterectomy type B or C (2017 Update on the Querleu-Morrow Classification of Radical Hysterectomy) and pelvic lymph node dissection (PN) with or without paraaortic (PAR) lymph node dissection in all patients.

Results: In 106 (86.2%) patients we found adenocarcinoma, in 9 (7.3%) of them – serous carcinoma, in 4 (3.3%) women – carcinosarcoma, in 4 (3.3%) women – clear cell carcinoma. The study compared the results only of 115 (100%) women with adenocarcinoma and serous carcinoma. In 17.8% of the patients with adenocarcinoma we found the presence of lymph node metastases, and in the group of patients with serous carcinoma we found lymph node metastases in 77.7% of them. There was a significant difference in the frequency of lymph node metastases according to the histological type EC (p < 0.00001). In 22.6% of patients with adenocarcinoma there was a local cancer spread, while such a spread was found in 66.7% of patients with serous cancer. After statistical processing of the results, we found a significant difference in the frequency of local tissue spread depending on the histological type of EC.

Conclusion: Patients with serous endometrial cancer have significant more frequent lymphatic metastases and local spread than those with endometrial adenocarcinoma.
Quality of the Practical Education During Undergraduate Internship at the Medical University – Sofia
Authors: Kirkov V. , Zlatanova-Velikova R. , Vodenicharova A. , Leventi N. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Providing a good quality in higher education should be the result of the interaction between the academic team, the students and the institutional learning environment. The quality is guaranteed by the learning environment in which the content of the programs and training opportunities is appropriate for the particular purpose.

Aim: To study the organization, quality, consistency and satisfaction in practical training.

Materials and Methods: This article presents and analyzes the results of a survey by medical graduates about their assessment of the organization and quality of training during the undergraduate internship.

Results: The results show that the practical training of medical graduates is generally at a very high level, according to the indicators, examined in our study.

Conclusion: More efforts in improving quality of education are welcome.
A Rare Case of Central Areolar Choroidal Dystrophy
Authors: Mermeklieva E. , Vasileva P. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The aim is to present a rare clinical case of central areolar choroidal dystrophy (CACD), confirmed clinically and electrophysiologically. A 49-year-old man underwent a detailed ophthalmological examination, fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, visual field testing, electrophysiological (EF) studies – full-field ERG and multifocal ERG, thanks to which the diagnosis was established. A classic CACD phenotype with slightly reduced visual acuity, central scotomas, atrophy of the outer layers of the retina and the choroid in the macula and hypoautofluorescence in the macula were demonstrated. EF studies showed absence of diffuse photoreceptor involvement. The local mfERG photopic response was slightly reduced. The relatively good functional results and the pronounced anatomical changes are due to the later, secondary involvement of the photoreceptors in the macular area, characteristic of choroidal dystrophies. The comprehensive clinical and EF testing of patients with rare hereditary retinal dystrophies is essential for the correct diagnosis given the many clinical trials of new innovative therapies for many of these diseases. It is expected that some of them would become curable in the very near future, and we should be prepared when that moment comes.
Immunoregulatory Markers in Human Saliva – A Non-Invasive Approach in the Diagnosis of Oral Precancerous and Cancerous Lesions
Authors: Bolyarova T. , Mihailova-Kandilarova S. , Stanimirov P. , Yankova P. , Adamov A. , Mihaylova Z. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the oral mucosa. Currently, the diagnosis of oral cancer is based on clinical examination and histopathological analysis. Numerous potential biomarkers have been suggested for oral cancer diagnosis, but the results are contradictory. A great achievement could be identification of biomarkers that indicate the early stage and progression of OSCC. Saliva is an easy to obtain biological fluid containing specific molecules for various pathologies. Some reliable saliva molecules described as oral biomarkers for OSCC are cytokines. A number of studies have shown that higher levels of the proinflammatory and proangiogenic cytokines, like IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α in saliva could be used for early diagnosis of OSCC. Other studies have shown that the levels of some immunosuppressive cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 and IL-1RA) are elevated in saliva in OSCC patients compared to controls. The importance of the immunoregulatory molecules as markers for OSCC is debated. Further studies are needed to identify clinically relevant biomarkers for screening and early detection of oral cancer.