bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of bias in prognostic models of hospital-induced delirium for medical-surgical units: A systematic review
Authors: Snigurska Urszula A. , Liu Yiyang , Ser Sarah E. , Macieira Tamara G. R. , Ansell Margaret , Lindberg David , Prosperi Mattia , Bjarnadottir Ragnhildur I. , Lucero Robert J. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this systematic review was to assess risk of bias in existing prognostic models of hospital-induced delirium for medical-surgical units.

Methods
APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched on July 8, 2022, to identify original studies which developed and validated prognostic models of hospital-induced delirium for adult patients who were hospitalized in medical-surgical units. The Checklist for Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies was used for data extraction. The Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was used to assess risk of bias. Risk of bias was assessed across four domains: participants, predictors, outcome, and analysis.

Results
Thirteen studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, including ten model development and validation studies and three model validation only studies. The methods in all of the studies were rated to be at high overall risk of bias. The methods of statistical analysis were the greatest source of bias. External validity of models in the included studies was tested at low levels of transportability.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight the ongoing scientific challenge of developing a valid prognostic model of hospital-induced delirium for medical-surgical units to tailor preventive interventions to patients who are at high risk of this iatrogenic condition. With limited knowledge about generalizable prognosis of hospital-induced delirium in medical-surgical units, existing prognostic models should be used with caution when creating clinical practice policies. Future research protocols must include robust study designs which take into account the perspectives of clinicians to identify and validate risk factors of hospital-induced delirium for accurate and generalizable prognosis in medical-surgical units.
The prevalence of effort-reward imbalance and its associations with working conditions, psychosocial resources and burden among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of the egePan-Voice study
Authors: Beschoner Petra , Jerg-Bretzke Lucia , Erim Yesim , Geiser Franziska , Baranowski Andreas M. , Weidner Kerstin , Albus Christian , Schug Caterina , Limbrecht-Ecklundt Kerstin , Weimer Katja , Jarczok Marc N. , Kempf Maximilian , Gündel Harald , Morawa Eva 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveThe association between a measure of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and profession as well as gender in a sample of health care workers (HCW) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany using the egePan-Voice study. In addition, we examined, which factors are associated with an effort-reward imbalance ratio (ERI ratio) >1.MethodsIn a large sample of HCW (N = 6174) we assessed occupational stress with the short version of the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) questionnaire, working conditions, COVID-19-related problems and psychosocial resources (ENRICHD Social Support Inventory, ESSI; Sense of Coherence Scale, SOC-3 and optimism, SOP2).ResultsThe prevalence of a ERI ratio >1 among HCW was 50.9%. The prevalence’s of an ERI ratio >1 were statistically significant different between gender as well as the occupational profession. The proportion of women (51.8%) with ERI ratio >1 was significantly higher than among men (47.8%). The highest ERI imbalance was found among nurses (62.8%), followed by medical technical assistants (MTA) (58.8%), while psychologists/psychotherapists revealed the lowest value (37.8%), followed by physicians (41.8%). In the total sample, most essential factors reported at this time for increased ERI ratio were: insufficient staff for the current work load, insufficient recovery, feeling insufficiently protected by measures taken by the hospital/the employer, high occupancy rate of the wards, insufficient trust in colleagues and being a nurse as compared with being a physician.ConclusionThe findings indicate a high proportion of HCW with effort-reward imbalance and substantial profession-related differences. Preventive interventions should be offered to vulnerable groups among the HCW to decrease the imbalance measured by work stress.
Meta-analysis of the effects of physical activity on executive function in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Song Yiling , Fan Biyao , Wang Chunshun , Yu Hongjun 
Published: August 2023

Background
Executive function is a core deficit in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study systematically reviewed the evidence for the effects of physical activity (PA) interventions on executive function in children and adolescents with ADHD and explored the moderating effects of key variables of PA on executive function.

Methods
Relevant literature in four electronic databases, Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase, were systematically searched. Revman 5.4 was used for data analysis, and combined effect sizes, heterogeneity tests, subgroup analyses, and sensitivity analyses were calculated. Egger’s test in Stata 15.0 was used for publication bias testing.

Results
A total of 24 articles with 914 participants were included. Meta-analysis showed that PA interventions improved inhibitory control (SMD = -0.50, 95%CI [-0.71, -0.29], P < 0.00001), working memory (SMD = -0.50, 95%CI [-0.83, -0.16], P = 0.004) and cognitive flexibility in children and adolescents with ADHD (SMD = -0.45, 95%CI [-0.81, -0.09], P = 0.01). Subgroup analysis revealed a moderating effect of intervention intensity, motor skill type, sessions of PA, and weekly exercise volume on executive function.

Conclusion
PA interventions had positive effects on improvements in core executive functions in children and adolescents with ADHD and were influenced by intervention intensity, type of motor skill, sessions of PA, and amount of exercise. This has practical implications for the formulation of PA interventions programs.
Validation of the Norwegian version of the Parents’ Evaluation of Aural/ Oral Performance of Children (PEACH+) for children with typical hearing aged 12–72 months
Authors: Johansen Lene , Gray Thea , Haukedal Christiane Lingås , Jakhelln Laugen Nina , Diamanti Vasiliki , Löfkvist Ulrika 
Published: August 2023

Background
The Parents’ Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children (PEACH+) is a parent reported questionnaire. It was first developed in Australia (2007) to assess the effectiveness of hearing devices in young children, and to register how oral children under the age of five hear and communicate with others.

Objective
No validated version of the Norwegian translation of PEACH+ exists. This study therefore aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of a back-translated Norwegian version of the PEACH+, from a sample of Norwegian children with typical hearing.

Methods
Parents of 255 children with typical hearing between 12 and 72 months were recruited through kindergartens and social media platforms. Participants were asked to fill in the PEACH+ questionnaire on behalf of their child, in a digital format.

Results
High internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha = .917) and satisfactory item-total correlation were found (.342-.678).

Conclusion
The Norwegian translation of PEACH+ shows good psychometric properties that are similar to the original version (Ching and Hill, 2007) and that of other translations. The PEACH+ questionnaire is therefore valid to use in a Norwegian context.
Gut-derived peptide hormone receptor expression in the developing mouse hypothalamus
Authors: Cantacorps Lídia , Coull Bethany M. , Falck Joanne , Ritter Katrin , Lippert Rachel N. 
Published: August 2023

Objective
In adult organisms, a number of receptors have been identified which modulate metabolic processes related to peptides derived from the intestinal tract. These receptors play significant roles in glucose homeostasis, food intake and energy balance. Here we assess these classical metabolic receptors and their expression as well as their potential role in early development of hypothalamic neuronal circuits.

Methods
Chow-fed C57BL6/N female mice were mated and hypothalamic tissue was collected from offspring across postnatal development (postnatal day 7–21). Subsequent qPCR and Western Blot analyses were used to determine mRNA and protein changes in gut-derived peptide hormone receptors. Correlations to body weight, blood glucose and circulating leptin levels were analyzed.

Results
We describe the gene expression and dynamic protein regulation of key gut-derived peptide hormone receptors in the early postnatal period of the mouse brain. Specifically, we show changes to Gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor (GIPR), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R), and cholecystokinin receptor 2 (CCK2R) in the developing hypothalamus. The changes to GIPR and InsR seem to be strongly negatively correlated with body weight.

Conclusions
This comprehensive analysis underscores the need to understand the roles of maternal-derived circulating gut hormones and their direct effect on offspring brain development.
Indoor air pollutants and respiratory symptoms among residents of an informal urban settlement in Uganda: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Wafula Solomon T. , Nalugya Aisha , Mendoza Hilbert , Kansiime Winnifred K. , Ssekamatte Tonny , Walekhwa Abel W. , Mugambe Richard K. , Walter Florian , Ssempebwa John C. , Musoke David 
Published: August 2023

Background
Indoor air pollutants (IAP) and household conditions such as dampness, crowding and chemical exposures have been associated with acute and chronic respiratory infections. In Uganda, literature on the effects of IAP on respiratory outcomes in informal settlements is limited.

Methods
We describe the baseline household characteristics of 284 adults and their children in an informal settlement in Uganda from April to May 2022. We monitored same-day indoor concentrations of particulate matter PM2.5, PM10, Carbon monoxide (CO), relative humidity %, and temperature from 9 am to 2 pm and interviewed caregivers/mothers about their respiratory symptoms and those of their children in the previous 30 days. We employed robust Poisson regressions to evaluate the associations between indoor air indicators and respiratory health symptoms.

Results
Approximately 94.7% of households primarily used biomass fuels and 32.7% cooked from inside their dwelling rooms. The median PM2.5, PM10 and CO levels were 49.5 (Interquartile range (IQR) = 31.1,86.2) μg/m3, 73.6 (IQR = 47.3,130.5) μg/m3 and 7.70 (IQR = 4.1,12.5) ppm respectively. Among adults, a 10 unit increase in PM2.5 was associated with cough (Prevalence Ratio (PR) = 3.75, 95%CI 1.15–1.55). Dwelling unit dampness was associated with phlegm (PR = 2.53, 95%CI = 1.39–4.61) and shortness of breath (PR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.23–2.54) while cooking from outside the house was protective against shortness of breath (PR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.44–0.87). In children, dampness was associated with phlegm (PR = 13.87, 95% CI 3.16–60.91) and cough (PR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.12–2.34) while indoor residual spraying was associated with phlegm (PR = 3.36, 95%CI 1.71–6.61).

Conclusion
Poor indoor air conditions were associated with respiratory symptoms in adults and children. Efforts to address indoor air pollution should be made to protect adults and children from adverse health effects.
Incidence and associated risk factors of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in patients with depression
Authors: Ryu Woo Kyung , Lee Jakyung , Park Youngmok , Jung Inkyung , Kang Young Ae 
Published: August 2023

Background
It has been reported that the risk of mental health problems such as anxiety or depression increases in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection. However, no studies have investigated whether the incidence of NTM infection increases in patients with depression. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of NTM infection in patients with depression and evaluate the association between NTM infection and depression stratified by age and sex.

Methods
Data from 2002 to 2013 were collected from patients aged ≥ 20 years in the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort database. Patients with and without depression aged over 20 years were matched with 1 to 4 by sex, age, and year of diagnosis. The incidence rate was calculated in 100,000 person-years, and a multivariable subdistribution hazard model was used to evaluate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for the development of NTM infection.

Results
We included 37,554 individuals (12,752 men and 24,802 women) and 149,213 controls in the depression and non-depression groups, respectively. The cumulative incidence of NTM infection did not differ significantly between the depression and non-depression groups during the follow-up period (22.2 vs. 24.5 per 100,000 person-years, p = 0.571). The age- and sex-stratified effects on the incidence of NTM infection were not significantly higher in patients with depression than in those without depression. After adjusting for covariates including age, sex, comorbidity, income, and region, the risk of NTM infection did not significantly differ between the depression and non-depression groups (aHR 0.83, 95% confidence interval 0.58–1.17).

Conclusion
The incidence of NTM infections in patients with depression was not significantly higher than that in patients without depression. However, due to the small number of NTM infections, we might have underestimated the differences between the two groups. Further studies are needed to identify factors associated with NTM pulmonary disease in patients with depression.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Restoring Candidacy for Liver Transplant in Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Kaafarani Mirna , Shamma Omar , Jafri Syed-Mohammed 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Guidelines for preoperative workup for an orthotopic liver transplant often rule out patients with severe aortic stenosis as transplant candidates. This case illustrates the potential of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) as a bridge for liver transplants in cirrhotic patients with severe aortic stenosis. The 1-year and 2-year post-liver transplant follow-ups showed no complications in the patient's prosthetic aortic valves, and graft survival was 100% with no evidence of rejection. Notable post-transplant recovery involved medical complications that were not related to the liver function or surgical procedure.
Fulminant Presentation of Budd-Chiari Syndrome Secondary to COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Sanekommu Harshavardhan , Taj Sobaan , Kilada Catherine , Ravilla Jayasree , Ramirez Claudia , Gonzalez Paula Espinosa , Imburgio Steven , Johal Anmol , Sun Xiu , Shah Pranav N. , Hossain Mohammad 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a rare condition characterized by the obstruction of hepatic venous outflow. It is estimated to affect 1 in 100,000 people worldwide. In cases of new BCS, inherited and acquired hypercoagulability states must be evaluated. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can induce a hypercoagulable state because of its extensive inflammatory response, and while it has been reported to cause portal vein thrombosis, it rarely causes BCS. This article presents a case of a 22-year-old man who developed fulminant symptoms and was subsequently diagnosed with BCS and portal vein thrombosis secondary to COVID-19 infection, after ruling out other inherited and acquired causes of BCS. In addition, a literature review is provided to understand the presentation and management of such patients. Although most patients improve with medical management, this article emphasizes the consideration of liver transplant for patients who do not improve.
Severe Acetaminophen Toxicity From the Use of Oxycodone-Acetaminophen With Normal Liver Function Tests and a Completely Asymptomatic Course of Hospitalization
Authors: Haider Muhammad Adnan , Gheit Yousra S. , Nagi Talwinder , Vallejo Charles , Suarez Zoilo K. , Hernandez Oscar L. , Gaisinskaya Polina , Markwart Nathan 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP), after being metabolized to toxic N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine, can cause irreversible hepatic necrosis. The mainstay of treatment includes N-acetylcysteine and fomepizole or liver transplant in patients who further deteriorate. Currently, many overdoses unintentionally occur in the setting of ingesting combined products that contain APAP. We report a rare case of a 60-year-old woman who presented with altered mental status and APAP toxicity in the setting of oxycodone-APAP overdose. She had a toxic serum APAP level on arrival. During hospitalization, her APAP level remained at the toxic level on the Rumack-Matthew nomogram. However, her liver function tests remained within normal limits, and she remained completely asymptomatic. To our best knowledge, this is the second case report with asymptomatic APAP toxicity and normal liver function tests. We will explore the effect of concomitant oxycodone ingestion on possibly delaying APAP absorption and thus resulting in a more favorable prognosis without hepatotoxicity.
Cannabis Improves Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Pouchitis
Authors: Naftali Timna , Bar-Lev Schleider Lihi , Kayless Hen , Bromberg Zohar , Dotan Iris , Broide Efrat 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Many patients with ulcerative colitis after ileoanal pouch anastomosis report improvement of pouchitis with the use of cannabis. Nine patients with chronic pouchitis used 1 g/d of cannabis: 7 patients were male with average age 51 ± 16 years. Average partial pouchitis disease activity index were 11 (range 8–17), 6 (range 5–8), and 5 (range 4–8); endoscopic subscores were 7 .3 ± 2.3, 6 ± 1.1, and 4.4 ± 0.9; average bowel movements per day were 14 (range 8–20), 8 (range 2–13), and 10 (range 13–8); and quality of life increased from 72 ± 1 to 90 ± 16 and 97 ± 10 (P = 0.001) before cannabis treatment and after 8–12 and 52 weeks, respectively. No adverse events were reported.
Influence of the molecular structure of phenylamine antioxidants on anti-migration and anti-aging behavior of high-performance nitrile rubber composites
Authors: Liu Wei , Zou Hua , Xing Baotong , Wang Shuqi , Mao Hongda , Zhang Jiyang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The structure of antioxidants significantly affects the anti-migration and thermal-oxidative aging properties of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composites, which are crucial for applications in aerospace, biomedical, and fuel cell stack sealing industries. The findings reveal that the migration rate of N-(4-anilino phenyl) maleic imide (MC), with a reactive double bond, is only 15.6%, exhibiting the best extraction resistance. 2,4,6-Tris-(N-1,4-dimethylpentyl-p-phenylenediamino)-1,3,5-triazine (TMPPD), with a greater weight and dendritic structure, follows at 47.7%, while N-isopropyl-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (4010NA) performs the worst, with 77.8%. Furthermore, after thermal-oxidative exposure, the cross-link density of NBR composites increases, generating oxygenated substances, such as ethers, aldehydes, and acids. The addition of antioxidants in the composites improves the thermal-oxidative aging properties compared to those without any antioxidants. Moreover, antioxidants 4010NA and TMPPD display superior resistance to thermal-oxidative aging properties compared to antioxidant MC.
In situ observation and understanding of the arc erosion behavior of electrical contact materials
Authors: Zhang Chao , Ren Wanbin , Zheng Zhe , Liu Jian , Liu Xiujie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Arc erosion studies are carried out on electrical contact materials in the switching current experiment. A test rig is developed to capture the 2-D image and the 3-D profile of eroded silver tin oxide electrical contact material in situ. Image processing algorithms are specially presented to accurately recognize the features of erosion region. The initial small patch of erosion traces gradually evolves into the deep crater with the increment of switching cycle enabling a study of the arc erosion behavior. 2-D image, 3-D profile, and micro surface morphologies of the eroded contacts are analyzed and then related to the extent of erosion. The results show that the evolution process of central erosion region could be divided into the enlargement in breadth of contact surface and the extension in depth of contact profile. The end result of arc erosion is the net loss of contact material, which would lead to the substantial reduction of contact force and potential electrical contact instability.
Explicit Chebyshev Petrov–Galerkin scheme for time-fractional fourth-order uniform Euler–Bernoulli pinned–pinned beam equation
Authors: Moustafa Mohamed , Youssri Youssri Hassan , Atta Ahmed Gamal 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this research, a compact combination of Chebyshev polynomials is created and used as a spatial basis for the time fractional fourth-order Euler–Bernoulli pinned–pinned beam. The method is based on applying the Petrov–Galerkin procedure to discretize the differential problem into a system of linear algebraic equations with unknown expansion coefficients. Using the efficient Gaussian elimination procedure, we solve the obtained system of equations with matrices of a particular pattern. The

L

∞

{L}_{\infty }

and

L

2

{L}_{2}

norms estimate the error bound. Three numerical examples were exhibited to verify the theoretical analysis and efficiency of the newly developed algorithm.
A Review of Malta’s Pre-Temple Neolithic Pottery Wares
Authors: Richard-Trémeau Emma , Brogan Catriona , Betts John C. , Anastasi Maxine , Vella Nicholas C. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Sites from the earliest known phases of Maltese prehistory often consist of scatters of sherds for the Għar Dalam and Skorba phases (6000–4800 BCE), and tomb contexts for the Żebbuġ phase (3800–3600 BCE). Neolithic studies are, therefore, heavily reliant on the study of pottery. Although traditional typological and seriation-based analyses of the pottery record have substantially enhanced our knowledge of Early Neolithic Malta, there is a growing appreciation of the need to go beyond these approaches to gain new insights. This study reviews the accessible literature on fabric studies on assemblages found in the Maltese Islands, presenting the state of knowledge for the pottery of the Għar Dalam, Skorba (Early Neolithic), and Żebbuġ (Late Neolithic) phases. Microphotographs of pottery wares were selected from a compilation produced for an ongoing project (the MaltaPot project) to illustrate the descriptions found in the literature. The advances made by archaeologists in studying the Maltese Neolithic pottery are reviewed, and suggestions for building on them are proposed, as archaeometric and petrographic techniques have not been applied systematically to Neolithic pottery from Malta.