bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the cause of local decarburization in 20G2R steel wire rod after annealing
Authors: Kulakovskaya Yu. S. , Kravtsova M. I. , Yermachenok E. V. , Sidorenko T. I. , Kurenkova T. P. 
Published: January 2025

One of the key quality indicators for coiled steel products, which is standardized and monitored during certification, is the depth of the decarburized layer on the surface. This layer forms during both rolling and heat treatment. Decarburization and scale formation significantly reduce the mechanical properties of the surface layers of steel products, making the surface more susceptible to scratches, scoring, and other defects during rolling, calibration, and cold heading. The formation of a decarburized layer necessitates additional machining costs, leading to increased metal waste and the disposal of a considerable amount of steel.This article presents an experimental study aimed at identifying one of the causes of localized decarburization in 20G2R steel wire rod after annealing.
Accurate Identification of Primary Site in Tumors of Unknown Origin (TUO) Using DNA Methylation
Authors: SANTANA-SANTOS LUCAS , Duckett Drew , Vortmittag-Nocito Erica , Jamshidi Pouya , Sukhanova Madina , Parker Stephanie , Brat Daniel , Jennings Lawrence 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Tumors of unknown origin (TUO) generally result in poor patient survival and are clinically difficult to address. Identification of the site of origin in TUO patients is paramount to their improved treatment and survival but is difficult to obtain with current methods. Here, we develop a random forest machine learning TUO methylation classifier using a large number of primary and metastatic tumor samples. Our classifier achieves high accuracy in primary site identification when applied to both publicly available and internal validation samples, with 97% of samples classified correctly and 85% receiving high probability scores (≥0.9). Moreover, by employing pathologist expertise and t-SNE visualization, the TUO classifier can assign samples to 46 different sites of origin/disease classes. This strategy also revealed multiple classes of yet unknown significance for future exploration. Overall, the presented TUO classifier represents a significant step forward in the diagnosis of TUO tumors.
Measuring Cell for Contrast Radiography Using Organo-inorganic Perovskite Crystals With Decaying Charge Carrier Emission
Authors: Doroshkevich A. S. , Mezentseva Zh. V. , Ledo-Pereda L. M. , Kinev V. A. , Nikolaeva S. G. , Simonenko I. O. , Zelenyak T. Yu. , Slavkova Z. D. , Tatarinova A. A. , Gremenok V. F. , Oksengendler B. L. , Kirillov A. K. , Aleksandrov A. E. , Tameev A. R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Medical applications require materials with a high X-ray capture cross-section to reduce the radiation dose to the human body. Hybrid organo-inorganic perovskites are promising materials for such systems due to the presence of lead ions in their composition. The electrical properties of CH3NH3PbBr3 single crystals synthesized by the method of modified crystallization with inverse temperature dependence are studied. The conducted studies of the electrical properties allowed us to establish the applicability of the obtained crystals for medical applications and to propose a possible technical solution for the corresponding measuring cell.
Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor for the Management of Peripapillary Choroidal Neovascular Membrane: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sharma Rahul , Hanna Angelica , Sriranganat Aswen , Kertes Peter , Yau Gary 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To explore the evidence on the use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy for the treatment of peripapillary choroidal neovascular membrane (pCNVM).
Methods
Medline, Embase and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) were searched between January 2000 and December 2024 for relevant articles that used anti-VEGF therapy to treat pCNVM of any origin. This review followed PRISMA guidelines and was prospectively registered (PROSPERO registration number CRD42024551949).
Results
Ten studies reporting on 269 eyes were included. Eight studies used a pro re nata (PRN) strategy, 1 study used a loading phase followed by an as-needed phase and 1 study used a fixed schedule strategy. There was a mean of 7 injections required. Eight studies reported improvements in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at final follow-up following treatment. The mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) change was 0.092, or approximately one line Snellen improvement. Two studies reported on macular thickness, and one reported on choroidal thickness after treatment, all of which noted decreased thickness at final follow-up. No significant complications were reported.
Conclusions
For patients with pCNVM of various etiologies, anti-VEGF injections using any treatment strategy, including conservative management with a PRN approach, seems to be a safe and effective therapy associated with improved visual acuity.
Selective magnetic resonance imaging of antibiotic-resistant bacteria leveraging ATP-binding cassette sugar transporter-responsive probes
Authors: He Yao , Zhu Mengna , Zhao Yadan , Zhang Jiawei , Wang Pengcheng , Zhang Jialiang , Zhao Yingying , Lu Xing , Song Bin , Wang Houyu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Current magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods often fail to differentiate bacterial infections from nonbacterial inflammatory conditions because of their poor specificity. To address this limitation, we synthesized two MRI probes that exploit bacterial-specific ATP-binding cassette (ABC) sugar transporters for the selective delivery of manganese porphyrin-based nanoparticles into antibiotic-resistant bacteria. These probes were synthesized via click chemistry by coupling azide-functionalized maltotriose with alkyne-modified manganese hematoporphyrin, which formed self-assembling nanoparticles. Our studies revealed ~ 65% probe uptake in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with negligible uptake (~ 1%) in ABC transporter-deficient mutants. The probes demonstrated high longitudinal and transverse relaxivities (up to 11.56 mM⁻¹s⁻¹ and 102.0 mM⁻¹s⁻¹, respectively), enabling ultrasensitive MRI detection of human-derived methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli at concentrations as low as 10⁶ CFU. In murine models, the probes differentiated bacterial nephritis from nonbacterial inflammation and visualized bacteria within tumour tissues, outperforming clinically used gadolinium-based agents. This study provides a promising approach for precise magnetic resonance imaging of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections in deep tissues.
A three-dimensional histological cell atlas of the developing human brain
Authors: Mitra Partha , Jayakumar Jaikishan , Sivaprakasam Mohanasankar , Verma Richa , Bota Mihail , Joseph Jayaraj , Mulay Supriti , Kumutha Jayaraman , Sriniva Chitra , S Suresh , S Latha , Kumar Harish , Bhaduri Aparna , Nowakowski Tomasz , Roy Prasun , Savoia Stephen , Bannerjee Samik , Tward Daniel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The human brain is believed to contain a full complement of neurons by the time of birth together with a substantial amount of the connectivity architecture, even though a significant amount of growth occurs postnatally. The developmental process leading to this outcome is not well understood in humans in comparison with model organisms. Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies give three-dimensional coverage but not cellular resolution. In contrast, sparsely sampled histological or spatial omics analyses have provided cellular resolution but not dense whole brain coverage. To address the unmet need to provide a quantitative spatiotemporal map of developing human brain at cellular resolution, we leveraged tape-transfer assisted serial section histology to obtain contiguous histological series and unbiased imaging with dense coverage. Interleaved 20μ thick Nissl and H&E series and MRI volumes are co-registered into multimodal reference volumes with 60μ isotropic resolution, together with atlas annotations and a stereotactic coordinate system based on skull landmarks. The histological atlas volumes have significantly more contrast and texture than the MRI volumes. We computationally detect cells brain-wide to obtain quantitative characterization of the cytoarchitecture of the developing brain at 13-14 and 20-21 gestational weeks, providing the first comprehensive regional cell counts and characterizing the differential growth of the different brain compartments. Morphological characteristics permit segmentation of cell types from histology. We detected and quantified brain-wide distribution of mitotic figures representing dividing cells, providing an unprecedented spatiotemporal atlas of proliferative dynamics in the developing human brain. Further, we characterized the abundance and distribution of Cajal-Retzius cells, a transient cell population that plays essential roles in organizing glutamatergic cortical neurons into layers. Together, our study provides an unprecedented quantitative window into the developing human brain and the reference volumes and coordinate space should be useful for integrating spatial omics data sets with dense histological context.
Distinct Phosphorylation Mechanisms as Dynamic Switches for Hsp90 Regulation
Authors: Huang Chengdong , Wan Chanjuan , Zhu Lei , Wang Simin , Zhang Xueqing , Zhao Jun , Qu Xiaozhan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Phosphorylation, a critical post-translational modification, modulates protein function on demand without altering the genetic code. In Hsp90, an essential ATP-dependent molecular chaperone, phosphorylation plays a pivotal regulatory role, though the mechanisms underlying this regulation are not fully understood. Using solution NMR spectroscopy, we examined the conformational dynamics of Hsp90 at atomic resolution throughout its chaperone cycle. Our findings reveal distinct, phosphorylation-specific pathways that regulate Hsp90 activity. The phospho-mimetic mutation T115E induces widespread structural and dynamic perturbations across the N-terminal domain, enhancing flexibility while destabilizing key conformations. In contrast, T36E causes localized dynamic changes without significant structural perturbations, potentially disrupting the optimal conformational sampling required for efficient ATP hydrolysis. These distinct yet convergent pathways reshape the chaperone's dynamic landscape, enabling fine-tuned activity regulation. Our study underscores Hsp90's intrinsic plasticity in ATPase activity and establishes phosphorylation as a critical modulator within its functional network.
Accuracy Assessment of Derived Ortho-photo Using Drone-Based Survey
Authors: Ijaware Victor Ayodele , Nzelibe Ifechukwu Ugochukwu , David Micheal Deji 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The increasing use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for generating orthophotos has highlighted the need for comprehensive accuracy assessments. This study assesses the accuracy of orthophotos derived using RTK survey drones and compare them with other remote sensing sources. The research focuses on a selected area of Federal University of Technology Akure (FUTA) in Ondo State, Nigeria, and employs a high-resolution RTK-enabled drone, DJI Phantom 4 RTK, to capture images with optimal image overlap. Ground control points (GCPs) are measured using high-precision RTK GPS, and the orthophoto is generated using photogrammetric software. The accuracy of the orthophoto ịs evaluated by comparịng the derịved coordịnates of the GCPs wịth the coordịnates obtaịned from the GNSS survey usịng Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The results show that the orthophotos derived using RTK survey drones exhibit high horizontal accuracy, with a low Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.039cm value indicating minimal positional errors while that of other source is 0.216cm. The results indicate that RTK-equipped drones offer substantial improvements in positional accuracy and efficiency, reducing the need for extensive ground control points (GCPs) and post-processing steps. These findings underscore the potential of RTK technology to streamline surveying workflows, particularly in inaccessible or hazardous terrains. The study concludes with recommendations for optimizing RTK drone operations and suggestions for future research directions. The study contributes to the body of knowledge in UAV-based photοgrammetry and remοte sensịng, valịdating the efficacy οf RTK technology in achieving high positional accuracy in orthophotos.
Application of MRI 3 D reconstruction of anal fistula in the standardized training of anorectal residents
Authors: LI Yikun , Yao Yibo , Zhang Shijie , Weng Feiyang , Ma Kai , Wang Chen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective: To explore the practical application effect of MRI 3D reconstruction technology of anal fistula in anorectal teaching.
Methods: 30 doctors who received standardized resident training in the anorectal department in Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January to June 2024 were selected as the research subjects. According to the order of entry, randomly divided into control group and 3 D group, 15 physicians in each group. The control group read only the two-dimensional images of the anal fistula MRI, and the 3 D group read both the two-dimensional MRI images and the 3 D reconstruction model. The two groups watched the imaging data of the same 10 patients with anal fistula, and compared the reading ability of doctors (the correct rate of fistula structured report, the time spent by reading), and the physician self-evaluation (the difficulty of reading, the help of 3 D reconstruction model).
Results: In the report of fistula structure: internal and external mouth location of fistula, AGA classification, Parks classification, presence of branch duct, rectal scrotal sac / vaginal fistula, The accuracy of the 3 D group was higher than that of the control group (p <0.01); 3 D group average reading time 239.89s, The 409.28s was significantly shorter compared with the control group (p <0.01); The 3 D group had less self-rated of difficulty (p <0.01), And 73.08% of the doctors thought that the 3 D reconstruction model was very helpful for the reading film (73.08% was helpful), The main manifestations in the anal fistula fistula direction, fistula classification and whether there is a branch tube is more obvious.
Conclusion: The three-dimensional reconstruction technology of anal fistula MRI can significantly improve the MRI reading ability of resident doctors in the standardized training of anorectal department, shorten the reading time, cultivate the spatial thinking ability, and improve the clinical teaching effect of anorectal department.
Cell-free Long Noncoding RNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Bone Marrow and Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples of Paediatric B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
Authors: Almási Laura , Szabó Rita Oláhné , Péterffy Borbála , Horváth Ágoston , Novák Nikolett , Pálóczi Krisztina , Csanádi Krisztina , Egyed Bálint , Kovács Gábor T. , Semsei Ágnes F. , Kutszegi Nóra , Hegyesi Hargita , Erdélyi Dániel J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

In paediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL), bone marrow (BM) minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring is well standardised but requires invasive sampling, while cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) assessments for central nervous system (CNS) infiltration remain unreliable. This study investigates extracellular long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as potential biomarkers for B-ALL. BM, peripheral blood (PB), and CSF samples from B-ALL patients under 18 years were fractionated to isolate cell-free components. An 89-target lncRNA screening panel was developed through a literature review. RNA isolation methods were optimised, and screening was conducted on cell-free BM samples from 11 patients at days 0 (diagnosis) and 33 (remission) of induction therapy. Using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), we analysed five selected lncRNAs in body cell-free CSF. Five lncRNAs—LINC01013 (p = 0.007), AC002464.1 (p = 0.013), AC002454.1 (p = 0.035), BX293535.1 (p = 0.006), and LINC00958 (p = 0.036)—were significantly overexpressed in day 0 cell-free BM samples compared to day 33 remission samples. These lncRNAs were detectable by ddPCR in BM and PB samples but not in CSF. Extracellular lncRNAs show promise as less invasive MRD biomarkers in BM and PB. However, low CSF concentrations limit their use for monitoring CNS infiltration.
Correlation between clinical medication and adverse transfusion reactions
Authors: Zhou Enxiang , Luo Yanwei , Li Guocai , Liu Fengxia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective The topic was to study the link between clinical medication and adverse transfusion reactions.Methods Patients who received transfusion were selected to include 461 cases as study subjects to study the association between clinical medication and adverse transfusion reactions.Results Analysis yielded the following results: 1. Adverse transfusion reactions were most common in the form of allergic reactions, followed by FNHTR(P < 0.001).2. The incidence of adverse transfusion reactions was highest in patients with plasma transfusion, at 57.23% (P < 0.001).3. There may be a greater correlation between drug adverse reactions and that of transfusion adverse reactions. 4. The incidence of adverse transfusion reactions was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the group with phenylethylamide, which was only 73.8% of that in the unadministered group; the incidence of adverse transfusion reactions in the group with glucocorticoids and vasoactive medications was significantly higher (P < 0.05), which was close to 172.2% and 138.5% of that in the unadministered group, respectively.Discussion There is a link between clinical medication and adverse transfusion reactions, with the most significant relationship being with the use of glucocorticoids and vasoactive drugs, which can lead to an increased probability of adverse transfusion reactions.
Evaluation of AES-256 Encryption and Machine Learning for Securing GSM Communications against Sniffing Attacks
Authors: Hussein Zaid Ali , Naser Omer Abdulhaleem 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Long notorious as one of the most popular mobile communication standards to be found around the world, the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) has been in widespread use for a long time now. A GSM network has been designed to have security in mind but there is still a large number of security threats to the GSM network including GSM sniffing attacks. GSM attacks rely on the weaknesses in the encryption protocols, such as A5/1, and A5/2 which can be brute forced to succeed. Sensitive data including voice calls, text messages, and location information are at great risk of interception by unauthorized parties and vulnerabilities. This research examines GSM network vulnerabilities, sniffing attacks, and the boundaries of conventional encryption protocols. This analyzes current mitigation strategies and further presents advanced countermeasures, such as mandating the use of AES 256 encryption that offers a more powerful defense against brute force attacks. It also investigates the use of machine learning for real-time detection of sniffing attacks. However, machine learning algorithms can detect unusual network activity and allow timely intervention to prevent unauthorized access. The implications of these attack methodologies and performance metrics are also included in the study, along with a complete analysis of different mitigation strategies and their performance to enhance GSM security. Increasing threats motivate the research to enhance the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of GSM communications.
CYP2D6 allele frequencies and copy number variants in Chinese Han population: a large retrospective study
Authors: Sun Qixuan , Luan Yueyao , Tong Binliang , Duan Liguang , Wang Jiaqi , Yan Yuhang , Chen Chaoli , Lun Yang , Yu Jing , Zhao Yuanyuan , Zhao Mengqiang , Zhou Chunhua 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to disclose the distribution characteristics of CYP2D6 polymorphisms among the Han population and provide essential data to support the future development of pharmacogenomics.
Methods
This study retrospectively analyzed the genetic data of 6,964 patients with mental disorders who received CYP2D6 gene testing at the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from March 2021 to August 2024.The initial phase of the experiment entailed the genotyping and copy number determination of CYP2D6, which were performed, respectively, using an Agena MassARRAY Assay and target-specific TaqMan® real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) Assays.
Results
Among the 6,964 Han Chinese patients, the allele frequency of *10 was the highest (65.84%), followed by *36 (39.10%) and *5 (8.26%). In the phenotype distribution, the proportion of normal metabolizers (NM) was the highest (60.20%), followed by intermediate metabolizers (IM, 38.31%), while ultrarapid metabolizers (UM, 0.86%) and poor metabolizers (PM, 0.63%) were relatively less. The proportion of complete deletion of the CYP2D6 gene was 0.57%, the proportion of single copy was 13.96%, the proportion of double copy was 83.41%, and the proportion of triple or more copies was 2.31%.
Conclusions
The occurrence of CYP2D6 Copy number variations (CNVs) in the Han Chinese population was comprehensively analyzed in this study, and provide essential data to support the future development of pharmacogenomics. Detecting CNVs is also a critical phase in the process of CYP2D6 genotyping.
Characteristics of femtosecond laser pulses propagating in atmospheric scattering media with spherical and nonspherical particles
Authors: KEJIN ZHANG , QINGWEI ZENG , LEI LIU , SHUAI HU , LIZHI YANG , QIANG CUI , TAICHANG GAO , JIFANG MENG 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

To explore the propagation of ultrashort laser pulses in real atmospheric scattering media like fog and cloud, the influences of nonspherical and spherical particles on the propagation properties of 800 nm femtosecond laser pulses at different initial powers (Pin/Pcr = 100, 50, 10) were simulated with the stratified medium model developed based on the T-matrix method. The results indicated that the scattering properties of different particles indirectly influence the evolution of the laser intensity and the plasma concentration at a different propagation position z. For the same initial incident power, the intensities in the cylindrical particles were always higher than those in the spherical particles and the ellipsoidal particles due to the former weaker scattering attenuation. Additionally, as the energy of the incident pulse increases higher, the beam transmitted in the cylindrical particles gradually splits into distinct multifilament structures, while the fluence of the filament in the spherical particles and the ellipsoidal particles evolved into an irregular shape. Accordingly, the influences of the nonspherical and spherical particles on the filaments were obviously different.