bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformational Leadership Behaviors of School Principals: A Quantitative Research Based on Teachers’ Perceptions, under Phuentsholing Municipal, Chukha District, Bhutan
Authors: Tshewang Tshewang , Yanki Dem 
Published: August 2023

It is commonly believed that the academic performance of students, the stability of administration, and the standard of education as a whole would all suffer if an educational institution lacked effective administrators and committed academic personnel. In order to determine the frequency of transformative leadership as experienced by educators in four government schools servicing the Phuenthsoling Municipality of Chukha, Bhutan, this research will look at the prevalence of such leadership. There were a total of 138 participants in this quantitative study, 134 of them were faculty members from four Government-funded institutions. Principals may better shape their mindsets and guide their schools to success with the guidance of transformational leadership. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to learn how often principals exhibit transformational leadership behaviours in the course of their regular administrative duties.
The findings showed that school administrators demonstrated high levels of idealised influence, motivating inspiration, personalised concern, and intellectual stimulation.
The results revealed that the principals of the four schools studied used transformational leadership strategies to a significant degree.
This study will help further the growth of an institution by persuading current principals to adopt a transformational leadership style that will increase academic staff commitment and ultimately the institution's efficiency and longevity.
Frequency and Angle Multiplexed Metadevices with Multifunctional Polarization Modulation
Authors: Song Kun , Cao Yunshan , Chen Qiang , Gong Xuejian , Ji Ruonan , Liu Yahong , Zhao Xiaopeng , Wang Min , Navarro‐Cía Miguel , Zhao Qian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMultifunctional polarization controllers are highly desirable in numerous fields due to their potential applications. Although the emergence of metasurfaces provides a powerful platform for manipulating the polarization of electromagnetic waves, metasurfaces have not yet enabled multifunctional controllers. Here, this work demonstrates an effective strategy to design a multifunctional polarization controller through the integration of frequency and angular multiplexing. As an experimental proof, a non‐planar dual‐multiplexed metadevice composed of a chiral metagrating array and an anisotropic metasurface is fabricated by printed circuit board technology. The experiments show that at least five distinct functions, including ultra‐broadband linear‐to‐circular polarization conversion in 2.5–6.3 GHz, ultra‐broadband linear‐to‐linear polarization conversion in 6.6–11.0 GHz, strong optical activity between 11.4 and 12.2 GHz, giant linear and circular dichroism ≈5.96 and 12.97 GHz, respectively, can be accomplished by the proposed meta‐multiplexer. Hence, the proposed metadevice can act as high‐efficiency bifunctional waveplate, polarization rotator, linear polarizer, chiral metamirror, and so on, enabling more application flexibility. The concept of integrating multidimensional multiplexing proposed here will be of great benefit to the design of novel multifunctional polarization controllers.
Highly Efficient Hybrid Perovskite/Organic Tandem White Light Emitting‐Diodes with External Quantum Efficiency Exceeding 20%
Authors: Sun Shuang‐Qiao , Cai Yating , Zhu Min , He Wei , Liu Bo‐Chen , Xu Yan‐Lin , Lv Xuan , Sun Qi , Liu Pengyi , Shi Tingting , Xie Yue‐Min , Fung Man‐Keung 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPerovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have shown great potential for low‐cost display and lighting technologies, and all‐inorganic blue PeLEDs are recognized as a promising substitute for blue fluorescent/phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) owing to their superior color purity and great stability potential. However, confined by the solution fabrication process, depositing multi‐layered white PeLEDs remains a challenge. Here, a newly designed hybrid perovskite/organic tandem white LED (POTWLED), integrated with a bottom blue PeLED unit and a top orange/(orange + red) OLED unit, to prevent damage to the underlying perovskite layer caused by the deposition of the top emitting layers, is reported. To optimize the performance of POTWLEDs, a conductive passivator of 2,8‐bis(diphenylphosphoryl)dibenzo[b,d] thiophene, with a strong surface binding group of P═O, is introduced to passivate perovskite defects, which promotes a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 17.3% for blue PeLEDs with an emission peak at 488 nm. As a result, based on the optimized blue PeLED units, a maximum EQE of 23.9% with a low color temperature of 2522 K is obtained for POTWLEDs, which is the highest efficiency for perovskite‐based WLEDs, illustrating the great potential of the hybrid tandem device in fabricating high‐performance perovskite‐based WLEDs.
Loss of ZBED6 Protects Against Sepsis‐Induced Muscle Atrophy by Upregulating DOCK3‐Mediated RAC1/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Pigs
Authors: Liu Huan , Pan Dengke , Li Pu , Wang Dandan , Xia Bo , Zhang Ruixin , Lu Junfeng , Xing Xiangyang , Du Jiaxiang , Zhang Xiao , Jin Long , Jiang Lin , Yao Linong , Li Mingzhou , Wu Jiangwei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSepsis‐induced muscle atrophy often increases morbidity and mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, yet neither therapeutic target nor optimal animal model is available for this disease. Here, by modifying the surgical strategy of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), a novel sepsis pig model is created that for the first time recapitulates the whole course of sepsis in humans. With this model and sepsis patients, increased levels of the transcription factor zinc finger BED‐type containing 6 (ZBED6) in skeletal muscle are shown. Protection against sepsis‐induced muscle wasting in ZBED6‐deficient pigs is further demonstrated. Mechanistically, integrated analysis of RNA‐seq and ChIP‐seq reveals dedicator of cytokinesis 3 (DOCK3) as the direct target of ZBED6. In septic ZBED6‐deficient pigs, DOCK3 expression is increased in skeletal muscle and myocytes, activating the RAC1/PI3K/AKT pathway and protecting against sepsis‐induced muscle wasting. Conversely, opposite gene expression patterns and exacerbated muscle wasting are observed in septic ZBED6‐overexpressing myotubes. Notably, sepsis patients show increased ZBED6 expression along with reduced DOCK3 and downregulated RAC1/PI3K/AKT pathway. These findings suggest that ZBED6 is a potential therapeutic target for sepsis‐induced muscle atrophy, and the established sepsis pig model is a valuable tool for understanding sepsis pathogenesis and developing its therapeutics.
The evolution of Ericaceae flowers and their pollination syndromes at a global scale
Authors: Kriebel Ricardo , Rose Jeffrey P. , Bastide Paul , Jolles Diana , Reginato Marcelo , Sytsma Kenneth J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPremiseFloral evolution in large clades is difficult to study not only because of the number of species involved, but also because they often are geographically widespread and include a diversity of outcrossing pollination systems. The cosmopolitan blueberry family (Ericaceae) is one such example, most notably pollinated by bees and multiple clades of nectarivorous birds.MethodsWe combined data on floral traits, pollination ecology, and geography with a comprehensive phylogeny to examine the structuring of floral diversity across pollination systems and continents. We focused on ornithophilous systems to test the hypothesis that some Old World Ericaceae were pollinated by now‐extinct hummingbirds.ResultsDespite some support for floral differentiation at a continental scale, we found a large amount of variability within and among landmasses, due to both phylogenetic conservatism and parallel evolution. We found support for floral differentiation in anther and corolla traits across pollination systems, including among different ornithophilous systems. Corolla traits show inconclusive evidence that some Old World Ericaceae were pollinated by hummingbirds, while anther traits show stronger evidence. Some major shifts in floral traits are associated with changes in pollination system, but shifts within bee systems are likely also important.ConclusionsStudying the floral evolution of large, morphologically diverse, and widespread clades is feasible. We demonstrate that continent‐specific radiations have led to widespread parallel evolution of floral morphology. We show that traits outside of the perianth may hold important clues to the ecological history of lineages.
Hidden cargo: The impact of historical shipping trade on the recent‐past and contemporary non‐native flora of northeastern United States
Authors: Schmidt Ryan J. , King Megan R. , Aronson Myla F. J. , Struwe Lena 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPremiseUnderstanding establishment and spread of non‐native plants is important in the face of a homogenizing global flora. While many studies focus on successful, invasive species, fewer have studied failed plant introductions. Until the early 1900s, large quantities of ship ballast, often containing foreign plant propagules, were deposited in New Jersey (USA). The resulting ballast flora is documented in extensive herbarium records, providing us a unique opportunity to analyze successes and failures of novel plant species introductions.MethodsWe used digitized specimens from 75 herbaria to study 264 non‐native species introduced into New Jersey through 19th century ballast deposition. We used spatial (density‐based clustering; HDBSCAN) and temporal analyses of species retention and geographic spread to quantify disappearance rate, survival, and dispersion through time and define trajectory groups.ResultsFour distinct trajectory groups were identified: waif (only present during import; 32% of species), short‐term (disappeared quickly; 20%), established–limited spread (survives locally, 30%), and established–widespread (widespread, 18%). Species disappearance rate was highest during ballast deposition and decreased soon after deposition stopped around 1900. Spatial patterns showed a strong association with 19th century railroads for inland dispersal from ports. The disappearance rate and spatial analyses are robust to herbarium collection bias.ConclusionsThis study using New Jersey as a model is one of the few documenting multispecies successes and failures in inadvertent plant introductions. Results reveal distinct trends in species establishment and geographic spread and highlight the utility of herbarium specimens in answering questions that span large time scales.
A polygenic resilience score moderates the genetic risk for schizophrenia: Replication in 18,090 cases and 28,114 controls from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium
Authors: Hess Jonathan L. , Mattheisen Manuel ,   the Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Greenwood Tiffany A. , Tsuang Ming T. , Edenberg Howard J. , Holmans Peter , Faraone Stephen V. , Glatt Stephen J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIdentifying heritable factors that moderate the genetic risk for schizophrenia (SCZ) could help clarify why some individuals remain unaffected despite having relatively high genetic liability. Previously, we developed a framework to mine genome‐wide association (GWAS) data for common genetic variants that protect high‐risk unaffected individuals from SCZ, leading to derivation of the first‐ever “polygenic resilience score” for SCZ (resilient controls n = 3786; polygenic risk score‐matched SCZ cases n = 18,619). Here, we performed a replication study to verify the moderating effect of our polygenic resilience score on SCZ risk (OR = 1.09, p = 4.03 × 10−5) using newly released GWAS data from 23 independent case–control studies collated by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) (resilient controls n = 2821; polygenic risk score‐matched SCZ cases n = 5150). Additionally, we sought to optimize our polygenic resilience‐scoring formula to improve subsequent modeling of resilience to SCZ and other complex disorders. We found significant replication of the polygenic resilience score, and found that strict pruning of SNPs based on linkage disequilibrium to known risk SNPs and their linked loci optimizes the performance of the polygenic resilience score.
Optimization of thermal degradation performance of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride)‐boron composite films using response surface methodology
Authors: Çiğdem Mustafa , Tüzüm Demir Ayşe Pınar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis work aims to statistically assess the dehydrochlorination of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (p‐PVC) films produced using boron waste sludge, heat stabilizer mixture (Ca‐ZnSt2), and plasticizer (dioctyl terephthalate). This study also focuses on providing information about the effect of boron waste sludge (BSW), heat stabilizer, and plasticizer amounts on the degradation of the films to enhance the thermal stability of flexible p‐PVC formulations. Experiments were designed using the Box‐Wilson method. The polyene formation and discoloration caused by the degradation were measured by UV spectroscopy and colorimetry, respectively. These parameters were optimized using the response surface methodology. An analysis of variance was performed to assess statistically significant differences between the parameters on p‐PVC degradation by using the Design Expert 13 statistical program. The yellowness index and amount of polyene formed differed among the films, and the film prepared at the midpoint of all parameters was determined to have greater stabilizing efficiency than the others. In this study, an effort has been made to shed light on the improvements in thermal stability in PVC. Results will serve to protect the environment via the data provided to the producers. The use of boron waste will contribute to the environment and the economy.
Lost in a black‐box? Interpretable machine learning for assessing Italian SMEs default
Authors: Crosato Lisa , Liberati Caterina , Repetto Marco 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAcademic research and the financial industry have recently shown great interest in Machine Learning algorithms capable of solving complex learning tasks, although in the field of firms' default prediction the lack of interpretability has prevented an extensive adoption of the black‐box type of models. In order to overcome this drawback and maintain the high performances of black‐boxes, this paper has chosen a model‐agnostic approach. Accumulated Local Effects and Shapley values are used to shape the predictors' impact on the likelihood of default and rank them according to their contribution to the model outcome. Prediction is achieved by two Machine Learning algorithms (eXtreme Gradient Boosting and FeedForward Neural Networks) compared with three standard discriminant models. Results show that our analysis of the Italian Small and Medium Enterprises manufacturing industry benefits from the overall highest classification power by the eXtreme Gradient Boosting algorithm still maintaining a rich interpretation framework to support decisions.
Erdstatische Überlegungen zum Nachweis von Pfahlfußaufweitungen
Authors: Kindler Arne 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIm Rahmen einer aktuellen Baumaßnahme wurden seit vielen Jahren in Deutschland erstmals wieder Großbohrpfähle mit Pfahlfußaufweitungen ausgeführt. In diesem Zusammenhang ergaben sich Fragen hinsichtlich der erforderlichen Nachweise zu den Aufweitungen. Die einschlägigen Nachweise zum Durchstanzen und/oder zum Konsolbruch können nach dem aktuellen Stand der Bemessungsnormen DIN EN 1992‐1 und DIN EN 1997‐1 nicht zielgerichtet geführt werden. Aufgrund dieser Feststellung wurde durch den Verfasser zu alten Literaturquellen hinsichtlich der Pfahlfußaufweitungen recherchiert. Die Recherche führte am Ende zur theoretischen Bodenmechanik als Grenzbereich der Erdstatik und damit zu den Urvätern der modernen Bodenmechanik. Diese Arbeit soll einen Beitrag zu möglichen theoretischen Lösungsansätzen für den Nachweis von Pfahlfußaufweitungen leisten. Auf der einen Seite wird gezeigt, was das vertiefte Verständnis über Erdstatik dem arbeitenden Ingenieur an die Hand geben kann, und auf der anderen Seite, dass dennoch einiges offenbleibt und die In‐situ‐Ausführung vielleicht den Lösungsansatz bringt, wenn das Problem vom Ende her begonnen wird zu denken.
The increasing use of private special schools: A policy gap for inclusive education
Authors: Thomas Gary , Dobson Graeme , Loxley Andrew 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThere have been significant increases in the number of children sent to non‐maintained special schools in recent years. To assess the extent of this trend and its probable consequences, Freedom of Information requests about spending on private special schools were sent to a stratified sample of 24 local authorities in England. The responses indicated substantial rises in spending recently, with very substantial spending on certain kinds of provision in the private sector—spending of up to £0.3 million per child per annum. We argue that the increasing reliance on private special school placement carries not only potential risks for the education, care and wellbeing of the students placed in often distant schools, with recent evidence of cases of serious neglect and abuse in such schools, but also threats to the development of inclusive practice. Current policy and its associated funding mechanisms incentivise separation and are inimical to the development of inclusive solutions to children's and young people's problems at school. We argue that systems need to be developed which enable the substantial sums currently spent on private special schools to be re‐deployed to cultivate imaginative inclusive responses to the difficulties experienced by some children at school.
An exploration of a physical activity intervention in a community fitness setting for adolescents with autism
Authors: Bassette Laura , Sundberg Shawna , Magnusen Abby , Ramirez Alysan , Badger Emily 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIt is well established that adolescents with autism spectrum disorders often do not engage in physical activity, which may contribute to secondary health concerns (e.g., poor cardiovascular health and diabetes). The purpose of this study was to extend the research on a behavioral intervention package and address previous limitations (i.e., small number of exercises and minimal maintenance). A multiple baseline design across participants was used to determine if there was a functional relationship between the intervention and independence of physical activity, creating workouts, and navigating workouts. The results indicate that participants were able to acquire and maintain skills. When new exercises were presented in generalization, two participants demonstrated higher levels of independence in physical activity and one participant displayed a similar level to baseline. Implications and areas for future research are discussed.
Neuropsychological predictors of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia at different timepoints
Authors: Quaranta Davide , Caraglia Naike , L'Abbate Federica , Giuffrè Guido Maria , Guglielmi Valeria , Iacobucci Giovanna Masone , Rossini Paolo Maria , Calabresi Paolo , Marra Camillo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroduction: Impairment of episodic memory is largely considered the main cognitive marker of prodromic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nevertheless, the neuropathological process in AD starts several years before and, apart from biomarkers well defined in the Amyloid (A), Tauopathy (T), Neurodegeneration (N) framework, early clinical and neuropsychological markers able to detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD before the appearance of memory disorders are lacking in clinical practice. Investigations on semantic memory have shown promising results in providing an earlier marker of dementia in MCI patients.Methods: A total of 253 MCI subjects were followed up every 6 months for 6 years—186 converted to dementia and 67 remained stable at the sixth year of follow‐up. Twenty‐seven patients progressed in the first 2 years (fast converters), 107 in the third to fourth year (intermediate converters), and 51 after the fourth year of follow‐up (slow converters).Results: Stable MCI subjects performed better than fast decliners in Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE), several long‐term memory scores, and category verbal fluency test (CFT); stable and intermediate converters differ only in MMSE and CFT tests; and stable and slow converters differ only in MMSE and phonological/semantic discrepancy score.Conclusion: Early impairment of semantic memory could predict the evolution to AD before the onset of episodic memory disorders, and the discrepancy between phonological and semantic verbal fluency could be able to detect this impairment in advance in respect of simple CFT tests. The assessment of different aspects of semantic memory and its degradation could represent an early cognitive marker to intercept MCI due to AD in clinical practice.
Meeting Ugandan university students’ career needs using cognitive information processing model
Authors: Nsubuga Henry , Osborn Debra S. , Brookens Qualandria 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCareer practitioners in Uganda are challenged to help students achieve personal agency in designing and implementing preferred career paths when faced with the increased uncertainty. The need for services vastly exceeds the supply of practitioners. Cognitive information processing (CIP) theory describes key elements required for informed decision‐making and a decision‐making approach that considers the context of internal and external influences. CIP also offers an innovative delivery model designed to increase access while optimizing resources. In this article, we describe the applicability of CIP theory in meeting the career needs of students seeking career services at a university in Uganda. We discuss program integration challenges faced such as limited staff and resources, as well as specific student characteristics that act as barriers to seeing the value of personally engaging career problem‐solving. Results from a workshop survey and anecdotal comments about the integration of CIP into career service delivery are provided.
Parental support, perfectionism and career development: A model test for middle school students
Authors: Duru Hazel , Gültekin Filiz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMiddle school years are when young people need environmental support for career development. In this context, parents play an essential role in the career development of young people. The sample of the study consisted of 368 middle school students (236 girls, 132 boys). The model of the mediating role of self‐oriented perfectionism between parental support and career development in middle school students was tested. Participants completed self‐report data collection tools to assess career development, career‐related parental support, and perfectionism. As a result of the analyses in which the structural equation model was used, it was determined that the model showed a good fit. In addition, self‐oriented perfectionism has a mediating role in the relationship between parental support and career development. These results are thought to be essential for the guidance services to be applied in career development.