bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Mandarin Lexical Tone Identification in Noise and Its Relation With Working Memory
Authors: Chen Fei , Guo Qingqing , Deng Yunhua , Zhu Jiaqiang , Zhang Hao 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
This study aimed to examine the developmental trajectory of Mandarin tone identification in quiet and two noisy conditions: speech-shaped noise (SSN) and multitalker babble noise. In addition, we evaluated the relationship between tonal identification development and working memory capacity.

Method:
Ninety-three typically developing children aged 5–8 years and 23 young adults completed categorical identification of two tonal continua (Tone 1–4 and Tone 2–3) in quiet, SSN, and babble noise. Their working memory was additionally measured using auditory digit span tests. Correlation analyses between digit span scores and boundary widths were performed.

Results:
Six-year-old children have achieved the adultlike ability of categorical identification of Tone 1–4 continuum under both types of noise. Moreover, 6-year-old children could identify Tone 2–3 continuum as well as adults in SSN. Nonetheless, the child participants, even 8-year-olds, performed worse when tokens from Tone 2–3 continuum were masked by babble noise. Greater working memory capacity was associated with better tone identification in noise for preschoolers aged 5–6 years; however, for school-age children aged 7–8 years, such correlation only existed in Tone 2–3 continuum in SSN.

Conclusions:
Lexical tone perception might take a prolonged time to achieve adultlike competence in babble noise relative to SSN. Moreover, a significant interaction between masking type and stimulus difficulty was found, as indicated by Tone 2–3 being more susceptible to interference from babble noise than Tone 1–4. Furthermore, correlations between working memory capacity and tone perception in noise varied with developmental stage, stimulus difficulty, and masking type.
Accessing and Receiving Speech-Language Pathology Services at the Multidisciplinary Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Clinic: An Exploratory Qualitative Study of Patient Experiences and Needs
Authors: Huynh Anna , Adams Kerry , Barnett-Tapia Carolina , Kalra Sanjay , Zinman Lorne , Yunusova Yana 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
This study sought to explore how patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) presenting with coexisting bulbar and cognitive impairments and their caregivers experienced the speech-language pathologist (SLP) services provided in multidisciplinary ALS clinics in Canada and identified their perceived needs for bulbar symptom management.

Method:
This qualitative study was informed by interpretive description. Seven interviews were conducted with patients with severe bulbar dysfunction or severe bulbar and cognitive dysfunction due to ALS or ALS-frontotemporal dementia, respectively, and/or their caregivers. Purposive sampling was used to recruit individuals with severe bulbar or bulbar and cognitive disease. Thematic analysis was used to analyze interview data.

Results:
Patients and caregivers reported difficulties with accessing and receiving SLP services at the multidisciplinary ALS clinic. These difficulties were further exacerbated in those with severe cognitive disease. Participants expressed a need for more specific (i.e., disease and service-related) information and personalized care to address their changing needs and preferences. Engaging caregivers earlier in SLP appointments was perceived as vital to support care planning and provide in-time caregiver education.

Conclusions:
This study highlighted the challenges experienced by patients and caregivers in accessing and receiving SLP services. There is a pressing need for a more person-centered approach to ALS care and a continuing need for education of SLPs on care provision in cases of complex multisymptom diseases within a multidisciplinary ALS clinic.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24069222
The influence of lubricant temperature on the wear of total knee replacements
Authors: Cowie Raelene M. , Briscoe Adam , Jennings Louise M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExperimental in vitro simulation can be used to predict the wear performance of total knee replacements. The in vitro simulation should aim to replicate the in vivo loading, motion and environment experienced by the joint, predicting wear and potential failure whilst minimising test artefacts. Experimental wear simulation can be sensitive to environmental conditions; the environment temperature is one variable which should be controlled and was the focus of this investigation. In this study, the wear of an all‐polymer (PEEK‐OPTIMA™ polymer‐on‐UHMWPE) total knee replacement and a conventional cobalt chrome‐on‐UHMWPE implant of similar initial surface topography and geometry were investigated under elevated temperature conditions. The wear was compared to a previous study of the same implants under simulator running temperature (i.e. without heating the test environment). Under elevated temperature conditions, the wear rate of the UHMWPE tibial inserts was low against both femoral component materials (mean <2 mm3/million cycles) and significantly lower (p < 0.05) than for investigations at simulator running temperature. Protein precipitation from the lubricant onto the component articulating surfaces is a possible explanation for the lower wear. This study highlights the need to understand the influence of different variables including environmental temperature to minimise the test artefacts during wear simulation which may affect the wear rates.
Bio‐inspired low wear and durable lubrication interfacial system based on thixotropic hydrogel for artificial joints
Authors: He Bin , Wang Chen , Xiong Xiong , Li Jun , Jin Zhongmin , Qu Shuxin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInspired by the excellent wear resistance and lubrication of articular joints, a novel bionic interfacial system was proposed by combining thixotropic hydrogel with surface porous Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE). Thixotropic hydrogel, synthesised by gelatin, alginate sodium, tannic acid and weak crosslinking by Ca2+ (Gel‐TA‐Alg@Ca2+), was used as a lubricant due to its shear‐thinning when loaded, then the recovery viscosity to be benefitted for reserving in surface pores on UHMWPE when unloaded. Surface porous UHMWPE was fabricated by using hydroxyapatite particles as porogen to control its porosity, pore size, surface roughness and surface energy (PE‐HA). Gel‐TA‐Alg@Ca2+ significantly reduced average coefficients of friction and wear factors compared to those under normal saline and calf serum solution lubricating after reciprocating tribological testing. Notably, Gel‐TA‐Alg@Ca2+ still maintained thixotropy and was stored in surface pores of UHMWPE even after tribological testing for 7200 min. Thus, durable lubrication could be realised due to the synergistic effect of surface porous structure and thixotropy. Stribeck curves showed the characterisations of mixed, elastohydrodynamic and hydrodynamic, but without boundary lubrications for PE‐30HA under three lubricants. The present results might provide the potential application to construct the durable lubrication bionic articular joint interfacial system for artificial joints.
Analysis of the time‐domain model of the LLC series resonant converter with frequency and single phase shifted control
Authors: Guo Tengfei , Jia Pengyu , Zhang Xuan , Zhang Yajing , Zhu Xiaoyu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLLC series resonant converter (LLC‐SRC) has attracted much attention due to its simple circuit structure and easy realization of soft‐switching. To get a better efficiency, rectifier stage can be realized by the active switches instead of the diodes. Meanwhile, more control variables can be selected besides the switching frequency, such as single phase shifted (SPS) angle, dual phase shifted (DPS) angle, and extended phase shifted (EPS) angle. Considering the simplicity of the implementation of the control strategy, this paper focused on the converter model with frequency and SPS control. Different from the common modelling method with the Fundamental Harmonic Approximation (FHA), the precise time‐domain mathematic model is built. By a comparison between the two modelling results, it can be proved the FHA model may be failure in some operating condition while the proposed time‐domain model can still show a good accuracy. According to the proposed model, two simple fixed‐frequency SPS control strategies are proposed. The first one can realize infinite soft‐switching margin with no restrictions on the transformer magnetizing inductance. The second one can greatly improve the efficiency of the converter. All the theoretical results are verified by a 1‐kW experiment prototype.
Gravitational study of escape routes and residence regions of Ceres and Vesta fragments
Authors: Zain P. S. , Di Sisto R. P. 
Published: September 2023

Aims. Ceres and Vesta are the two largest bodies in the main asteroid belt (MB) and have been extensively studied, particularly since the DAWN mission. Vesta is known to have an associated asteroid family, while the existence of a Ceres family is uncertain. This study investigates the fate of multi-kilometre fragments ejected from Ceres and Vesta due to impacts over a timescale of several hundred million years.
Methods. We performed purely gravitational N-body simulations to investigate the dynamical evolution of multi-kilometre-sized fragments ejected from Ceres and Vesta. We tracked the trajectories of these fragments and identified their residence regions within the MB. We analysed the escape routes and end states of the fragments that manage to leave the MB, including the delivery to the near-Earth asteroids (NEAs). We also estimated the number of collisions with Earth that could be attributed to large fragments ejected from Ceres and Vesta.
Results. Our simulations show that the Ceres fragments are dispersed over a larger region in the MB compared to Vesta fragments due to their higher ejection velocities. We identified the escape routes of the fragments that leave the MB, which for the Ceres fragments are the 5:2 and 8:3 mean-motion resonances (MMR), and for the Vesta fragments are the 3:1 MMR and ν6 secular resonance, where they can be delivered to the NEA region. We also find that the Pristine region, located between the 5:2 and 7:3 MMR, is the most likely place to find any surviving member of a Ceres family. There were no collisions of large Ceres or Vesta fragments with Earth over the age of the Solar System, suggesting that, under the model considered here, the howardite–eucrite–diogenite meteorites originate from smaller NEAs from Vesta.
Körperliche Inaktivität und
Rückenschmerz
Authors: Grenier Jean-Pascal 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungKörperliche Inaktivität ist ein unabhängiger Risikofaktor
für erhöhte kardiovaskuläre Mortalität,
begünstigt das Entstehen diverser Krebserkrankungen und gilt auch als
Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung von chronischen Schmerzen.
Langanhaltende körperliche Inaktivität führt zu einem
Abbau der Kraft und der (Rücken-)Muskulatur. Schwache
Rückenmuskulatur ist aber nur ein Faktor, der zur Entstehung von
lumbalen Rückenschmerzen (Low Back Pain, LBP) beitragen kann, da viele
biopsychosoziale Faktoren dabei eine Rolle spielen.Regelmäßiges Training und körperliche Aktivität
reduzieren zwar das Risiko, einschränkenden LBP zu erfahren, aber ein
Therapieerfolg wird bei LBP nicht vorrangig durch eine Verbesserung physischer
Faktoren erreicht. Vielmehr spielen andere Einflussfaktoren, wie ein reduziertes
Angstvermeidungsverhalten und bessere schmerzbezogene Selbstwirksamkeit, ebenso
eine wichtige Rolle im Genesungsprozess.Das Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, den Zusammenhang von körperlicher
(In-)Aktivität und Rückenschmerzen darzustellen und die Risiken
eines eindimensionalen, biomedizinischen Verständnisses,
unabhängig von der Profession, zu diskutieren.
Epilepsieklassifikation – Vor- und Nachteile verschiedener Klassifikationssysteme – ein Review
Authors: Rosenow Felix 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Klassifikation von Epilepsien und epileptischen Syndromen und -eng verbunden- von epileptischen Anfällen unterliegt stetem Wandel. Ziel dieser Anpassungen ist es den aktuellen Erkenntnisstand und die Fortschritte in Diagnostik und im Krankheitsverständnis von Epilepsien abzubilden. In der aktuellen „Klassifikation der Epilepsien der International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE)“ von 2017 wird die Bedeutung von Ätiologie und Komorbidität hervorgehoben. Epilepsien werden vor allem in solche mit fokalen Anfällen, generalisierten Anfällen, fokalen und generalisierten Anfällen und unbekanntem Anfallstyp eingeteilt. Andere Befunde (z. B. aus EEG und MRT) gehen auf jeder Ebne ein. Auf der anderen Seite wurde von Lüders und Mitarbeitern eine „4-dimensionale Epilepsie Klassifikation“ vorgeschlagen, die diese Aspekte getrennt betrachtet und eine rein semiologische Anfallsklassifikation verwendet. In 2020 wurde mit der „Integrierten Epilepsie Klassifikation“ ein Vorschlag unterbreitet, der versucht die Vorteile dieser verschiedenen Systeme zu nutzen. In den hier vorliegenden Review werden diese Klassifikationssysteme vorgestellt und die jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteile diskutiert.
Tongue Flap for Closure of Anterior Palate Fistula
Authors: Puri V.K. , Gupta Vikram P. 
Published: September 2023

Summary12 cases of anterior palate fistula larger than 5 mm in diameter were treated by anteriorly based dorsal, midline mucomuscular tongue flap without any fixation of tongue or jaw. The results obtained during the course of study support the method for the closure of large anterior palate fistula following cleft palate surgery.
The Maxillary Orthopaedic Combination Appliance for New Born Cleft Lip and Palate Babies
Authors: Pradhan K. I. , Chandra R. , Pandey S. D. , Bhatnagar S. K. , Singh A. K. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryAt most centres in the west a cleft lip and palate baby is given a maxillary orthopaedic combination appliance soon after birth. A similar appliance is now being given by us. This appliance is being presently given only as an obturator. It is intended to study its efficacy in conjuction with early lip repair and primary bone grafting in the near future.
Macrodactyly-Report of Six Cases with Revie of Literature
Authors: Dasgupta A. , Ganguli A.C. 
Published: September 2023

SummarySix cases of Macrodactyly between the age group of 4 and 14 years were investigated and managed surgically whereby excision of the excess tissue had been done. The affected children were having higher systolic blood pressure and invariably had excess of all the tissues, constituting the digit. The affected skin showed poor healing in 30% of the cases.
“Neighborhood fear of crime and disadvantaged areas: a comparative longitudinal study”
Authors: Di Rocco Jennie , Vasiljevic Zoran , Ivert Anna-Karin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe current study explores how neighborhood fear of crime (“worry about specific crimes”) changes over time in neighborhoods with different levels of disadvantage. With a comparative design, 81 and 123- neighborhoods in two cities in Sweden are followed over a six-year period. Fear of crime trajectories are assessed through growth curve modeling. We consider how differences in neighborhood processes, such as social and physical disorder, might influence fear of crime levels. The results show that fear of crime increased over time in both cities and the increase was related to higher levels of physical disorder in several areas. Furthermore, the change differed depending on the neighborhood type – in highly disadvantaged neighborhoods, the fear was stable at a high level. In contrast, the largest increases in fear could be seen in the areas with the lowest disadvantage in both cities. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
How do latecomer firms achieve catch-up through technology management: a comparative analysis
Authors: Liu Yexin , Wu Weiwei , Kim Yanggi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe catch-up of latecomer firms has been a topic of interest because it is closely related to the changes in industry leadership. The reason why some countries are more successful in catch-up is because of their increasing mastery of technology management (TM). Therefore, to ensure successful catch-up, it is imperative for latecomer firms to understand the TM practices and TM modes across national boundaries. This paper aims to reveal the differences in TM practices and TM modes between latecomer firms and forerunner firms. This paper collected data from Chinese firms and Korean firms as latecomers and forerunners, respectively, to examine the differences in TM practices and TM modes. The results show that latecomer firms place more emphasis on grasping the condition of firms’ equipment, understanding technology talents required by business, and completing files on technology information. While forerunner firms stress learning from other competitors, effective training, and constructing detailed technology information management system most. Furthermore, the relationship between TM and product innovation performance is more integrated for forerunner firms compared to latecomer firms. A key contribution of this paper is to reveal the differences in TM practices and TM modes between latecomer firms and forerunner firms, which enriches the catch-up literature from an international comparative perspective. As such, this paper is of great importance in broadening the understanding of how latecomer firms transform into global leaders.
A BaGa4Se7 crystal based pulsed mid-infrared light source with a narrow linewidth in 4–12 µm
Authors: Xiao Zengjun , Gu Jieqiong , Wang Zhaofeng , Chu Wangyou , Zhang Qiang , Chen Yang , Zhao Dongfeng 
Published: September 2023

We present a BaGa4Se7 (BGSe) crystal based coherent pulsed light source for high resolution mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy in the 4–12 µm region. The all-solid-state system consists of an injection seeded optical parametric generator (OPG) and an optical parametric amplifier (OPA) using two KTiOPO4 crystals. The idler output of OPG-OPA and the fundamental output (1064 nm) of a wavelength stabilized Nd:YAG laser are employed for difference frequency generation of MIR pulses in the BGSe crystal. Pulsed MIR radiation in the 4–12 µm range is obtained with typical pulse energies higher than 100 µJ and pulse durations of ∼5 ns. By measuring H2O absorption lines in the 8 µm region with this MIR light source and a cavity ring-down spectrometer, the linewidth of the MIR source is inferred as 120 ± 10 MHz, which is very close to the Fourier-transform limited linewidth of 5 ns laser pulses.
Triboelectric nanogenerators: theoretical calculations, materials, and applications in net-zero emissions
Authors: Guo Xuhua , Chen Muqi , Zheng Yang , Cui Hongzhi , Li Xiaoyi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have shown great potential in converting discrete mechanical energy in the environment into electricity without producing any greenhouse gases in the process, and they have been regarded as one of the most powerful methods to achieve zero carbon emissions. It has been confirmed that the output performance is the main factor limiting the real-world applications of the TENGs. Establishing universal standards for quantity analysis TENGs’ outputs and seeking advanced dielectric materials to improve the charge density are the two priorities for boosting TENG outputs. Here, the working mechanisms of TENG and the quantitative analysis of TENG output performance are introduced to reveal the relationships of Q–V–I–x (charge-voltage-current-displacement) and the energy conversion efficiencies. Selecting suitable triboelectric materials is the key to enhancing the performance of TENG. Materials used as advanced friction or dielectric layers are elaborated, including metals, inorganic non-metallic materials, polymers, and composites. Moreover, the influences of performance improvement methods, such as ionization injection, intermediate layer, surface modification, and charge-excitation strategy, are discussed accordingly. Finally, applications to achieving the goal of net zero and future challenges of TENGs are presented. This review provides strategies for guiding the further development of TENGs toward higher performances and promoting the commercialization of TENG net-zero systems.
Photonic management of silicon nanocylinder arrays to enhance photovoltaic performance
Authors: Chen Shih-Hsiu , Kuo Kuan-Yi , Wei Ta-Cheng , Lin Yu-Pin , Chen Sung-Yu , Chen Chia-Yun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The light–matter interaction of subwavelength and periodic silicon (Si) nanostructures strongly correlates with their geometrical features, resulting in them being highly unsuitable for the practical development of Si-based photovoltaic applications. In this study, the concepts of effective medium and retrieval methods are needed to deal with the subwavelength periodic dielectric structure. Using finite-difference time-domain simulations, we study the interactions of electromagnetic radiation with a square array of dielectric rods parallel to the incident light, and the effective optical properties such as refractive index, permittivity, and permeability are calculated. Furthermore, the electric field distributions are also plotted for a deeper understanding of the energy changes within Si nanocylinder arrays (SiNCAs) under different incident wavelengths of radiation. By employing calculated optimized SiNCAs for the construction of hybrid solar cells, improved cell performances showing a conversion efficiency of 13.79% are demonstrated, with further estimation by electrical chemical measurements for a better understanding of the carrier transition. These are numerically and experimentally interpreted by the involvement of excellent light-trapping effects, delivering a method to design correlated photovoltaic devices.
Lead aprons and thyroid collars: to be, or not to be?
Authors: Engström Andreas , Isaksson Mats , Larsson Per-Anders , Lundh Charlotta , Båth Magnus 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Wearing lead aprons and thyroid collars for long periods of time has a subjective component: to balance the effective dose reduction with the effort of carrying a heavy load. Occupational radiation exposure has decreased dramatically in the last century within the health care system. During the same period the use of lead aprons and thyroid collars has also gone up. Therefore, a question that may be raised is: how safe is safe enough? In order to promote stakeholder involvement, the aim of the present study was to investigate staff’s experience of discomforts associated with wearing lead aprons and thyroid collars for long periods of time, and also to investigate staff’s willingness to tolerate personal dose equivalent (expressed as radiation dose) and the corresponding increase in future cancer risk to avoid wearing these protective tools. A questionnaire was developed and given to staff working in operating or angiography rooms at Skaraborg Hospital in Sweden. The results from the 245 respondents showed that 51% experienced bothersome warmth, 36% experienced fatigue and 26% experienced ache or pain that they believed was associated with wearing lead aprons. One third of the respondents would tolerate a personal dose equivalent of 1 mSv per year to avoid wearing lead aprons, but only a fifth would tolerate the corresponding increase in future cancer risk (from 43% to 43.2%). In conclusion, discomforts associated with wearing lead aprons and thyroid collars for long periods of time are common for the staff using them. At the same time, only a minority of the staff would tolerate a small increase in future cancer risk to avoid wearing them. The present study gives an example of stakeholder involvement and points at the difficulties in making reasonable decisions about the use of these protective tools.