bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field Based Phenotyping for Stalk Lodging Resistance: Experimental Error Analysis
Authors: Dekold Joseph , Robertson Daniel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background:
Meeting the global demand for grain is becoming increasingly difficult due to numerous factors including climate variability, urbanization, increasingly frequent extreme weather events and drought. Stalk lodging destroys between 5%-25% of grain crops annually. Developing crop varieties with improved lodging resistance will reduce the frequency and impact of stalk lodging and consequently reduce the yield gap. Field-phenotyping equipment is critical to develop lodging resistant crop varieties, but the effectiveness of current equipment is hindered by measurement error. Relatively little research has been done to identify and rectify sources of measurement error in biomechanical phenotyping platforms. This study specifically investigated sources of error in bending stiffness and bending strength measurements which are often acquired using field-phenotyping devices. Three specific sources of error in bending stiffness and bending strength measurements were evaluated: horizontal device placement, vertical device placement and incorrect recordings of load cell height.
Results:
Incorrect load cell heights introduced errors as large as 130% in bending stiffness and 50% in bending strength. Results indicated that errors on the order of 15%-25% in bending stiffness and 1–10% in bending strength are common in field-based measurements. Improving operating procedures and protocols can mitigate this error. Such improvements include emphasizing attention to detail while conducting tests and improving the design of phenotyping equipment.
Conclusion:
Reducing measurement error in field-phenotyping equipment is crucial for advancing the development of improved, lodging-resistant crop varieties. The study found that incorrect load cell height entry and incorrect device placement both significantly contributed to measurement error in bending stiffness and bending strength measurements. These findings have important implications for reducing the yield gap in staple crops and meeting the global demand for grain.
Impact on sexual functioning: total versus subtotal hysterectomy
Authors: Ferhi Mohamed , Abdeljabbar Ameni , Jaballah Fares , Jihenne Mannai , Nadia Marwen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective To evaluate and compare postoperative sexual functioning following total (TH) versus subtotal hysterectomy (STH). Design A longitudinal, prospective and comparative study in women undergoing hysterectomy for benign diseases in Ibn El Jazzar Hospital, Kairouan in Tunisia. Sample Sixty women undergoing hysterectomy for benign disease. Main outcome measures Sexual functioning evaluation using the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) before the operation and after 6 months. Results Following surgery, significant improvement in sexual functioning according to both scales. In fact, the mean total score of the ASEX scale went from 25.14 to 21.15 and from 11,99 to 19,31 for the FSFI. The average time to resume sexuality postoperatively was 50 days. No significant difference was found in these results between total and subtotal hysterectomy. Conclusion Hysterectomy, whether total or subtotal, has a positive impact on the overall sexual satisfaction of the patients especially in those with an impaired sexuality before surgery. There were no statistically significant differences in sexual function between the two groups TH versus STH. Therefore, cervix preservation for the purpose of improving overall sexual satisfaction cannot be recommended.
The emergence of three-dimensional chiral domain walls in polar vortices
Authors: Susarla Sandhya , Hsu Shang-Lin , Gómez-Ortiz Fernando , Garcia-Fernandez Pablo , Savitzky Benjamin , DAS SUJIT , Behera Piush , Junquera Javier , Ercius Peter , Ramesh Ramamoorthy , Ophus Colin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chirality or handedness of a material can be used as an order parameter to uncover emergent electronic properties for quantum information science. Conventionally, chirality is found in naturally occurring biomolecules and magnetic materials. Chirality can be engineered in a topological polar vortex ferroelectric/dielectric system via atomic-scale symmetry-breaking operations. We use four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) to map out topology-driven three-dimensional domain walls, where the handedness of two neighbor topological domains change or remain the same. The nature of the domain walls is governed by the interplay of local perpendicular (lateral) and parallel (axial) polarization with respect to the tubular vortex structures. Unique symmetry-breaking operations and the finite nature of domain walls results in a triple point at the junction of chiral and achiral domain walls. The unconventional nature of the domain walls with triple point pairs may result in unique electrostatic and magnetic properties potentially useful for quantum sensing applications.
Prognostic Factors and Outcomes of Kasai Portoenterostomy (KPE): Nine Year Experience from a Lower Middle-Income Country
Authors: Wickramasekara Nipun , Ignatius Jenosha , Lamahewage Ananda 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Outcome data after Kasai Portoenterostomy (KPE) reported worldwide shows considerable regional and institutional variation. It is not known whether the same standards of outcomes reported in western world can be replicated in resource-poor countries.
Methods
We reviewed 79 patients of which 43 had completed a 2-year minimum follow-up. Two cohorts were based on age at KPE. Median age at surgery was 60 days.
Results
Clearance of jaundice (COJ) at 3 months was 20.93% and was not affected by age at surgery (p = 0.295). Four patients (9.3%) received liver transplant and 16 patients (37.21%) were recorded dead at a median age of 7 months. Native liver survival (NLS) was 53.49% and Overall survival (OS) was 62.79%. Kaplan-Meier estimated 4- and 6-year NLS were 55.8% and 49.6% respectively. There was a significant difference in the NLS between early and late surgery groups.
Conclusion
Whilst causes for low COJ need to be explored, this data reaffirm that early surgery has a significant favorable effect on survival. NLS was comparable with data from the developed world whereas low OS is explained by limited access to transplant. Thus, where the survival depends on native liver longevity, emphasis should be on as early KPE as possible.
The Effectiveness of Implementing Augmented Reality to Enhance Trainees’ Achievements
Authors: Alnajdi Sameer 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The AR technology provides a view of the actual universe while coordinating with the simulated objects and the powerful tools, increasing trainees' performance and motivation. This paper examined trainees' performance after adopting AR in the e-training. These trainees enrolled in a First-Aid training course offered online by the Saudi Red Crescent Authority. Results have been analyzed and investigated to find the effectiveness of AR in a learning environment against a traditional learning environment. The finding showed that the trainees in the experimental group with the AR technology attained a more excellent score with a significantly higher mean (M = 87, SD = 1.87) than the trainees in the control group (M = 77, SD = 1.78). Moreover, trainees showed positive perceptions toward adopting AR in the e-training. Those who had AR in training for the first time were excited and wanted to have the same experiment again.
Aneuploid circulating endothelial cells with prognostic value in locally advanced breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Li Minghui , Liu Yuelin , Han Xu , Li Tao , Zhang Zhizheng , Xue Ningyi , Liang Mengdi , Ma Ge , Xia Tiansong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Aneuploid circulating endothelial cells (CECs) are an indicator in breast cancer (BC). Significant changes of aneuploid CECs occurred during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT). The aim of this study was to explore the predictive and prognostic value of aneuploid CECs in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients with different NCT responses.
Methods: Breast cancer patients received an EC4-T4 NCT regimen. A novel subtraction enrichment and immunostaining fluorescence in situ hybridization (SE-iFISH) strategy was applied for detection of CECs (CD45–/CD31+/DAPI+). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate the predictive value of aneuploid CEC counts in distinguishing NCT-resistant patients from sensitive ones. All patients were observed for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).
Results: The CEC counts at any time point did not show the ability to predict the efficacy of NCT. The difference of the CECs between post-chemotherapy level and baseline could be sufficient to distinguish chemotherapy-resistant cases from other cases in Hormone+Her-2-/+ (HR+) BC patients. Patients with reduction of CECs after all courses of NCT were associated with higher probability of PFS.
Conclusion: Variation of aneuploid CECs during NCT may have some ability to predict chemotherapy response in patients with HR+ breast cancer. The decrease of aneuploid CECs number after all courses of NCT indicate better treatment outcomes in LABC patients.
Optimal Control Strategy for PEM Electric Vehicle using Matlab Simulink
Authors: Ahuja Ajay , Waghole D R , Ramdasi Sushil S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The conventional fossil fuels are being replaced by alternate energy sources very fast. This is mainly due to the limited resources left in the Nature and the polluting characteristic of fossil fuel. Only thirty additional years are left for the supply of fossil fuels. The extreme climate change is largely attributed to automotive fossil fuel burning. The advent of pure Electric vehicles has resulted in reduction of harmful greenhouse gas emissions. It addresses the answer to the concerns of oil resource depletion, air pollution and climate changes. The benefit of using electric power in automotive sector is immense. However, the outcome of hybrid EVs can surpass pure EVs due to its capability of charging on the go, hence no extra charging time. In absence of any moving parts in a fuel cell, the maintenance and noise are also minimal. PEM fuel cell is a most eligible power source having reduced emissions and high efficiency characteristics. The efficiency of hybrid vehicle is a result of charging effectiveness. Control Strategy plays an important role in conservating and elevating energy whenever required. These are the energy power banks to optimize battery sizing and minimize losses. This paper explains a control strategy to enhance efficiency of FCHV system along with reduction of hydrogen consumption. This is achieved by maximising fuel cell efficiency by balancing the power split between battery and fuel cell. The rule based strategy results in maximising fuel cell system efficiency by sustaining the state of charge (SOC) of the battery. The SOC is aimed to be kept around a value which can address extremely low charge and high charge condition of the battery. At the same time, load on fuel cell is switched in a manner so as not to have a sudden ascent or descent of power, which helps in preventing the terminal deterioration in the fuel cell.
Predicting heart failure symptoms in breast cancer patients receiving Trastuzumab using cardiovascular magnetic resonance strain assessment
Authors: Yeo Jian L , Taha Ahmed H , Mahjob Mayada , Sosin Michael D 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose: To assess the ability of global longitudinal strain (GLS) with cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) to detect cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) and predict heart failure symptoms.
Methods: Breast cancer patients who had undergone CMR for monitoring of left ventricular (LV) function while receiving Trastuzumab were retrospectively recruited. Baseline LV volumes and GLS before commencement of Trastuzumab were compared with follow-up scans at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. CTRCD was determined using either the GLS criteria (defined as >5% absolute reduction or >12% relative reduction of GLS) or ejection fraction (EF) criteria (defined as >10% absolute reduction to <50% or >20% absolute reduction from baseline values). The primary outcome was patient reported heart failure symptoms within one year.
Results: Thirty female breast cancer patients with a mean age of 64±10 years were recruited. Both GLS (20.2±3.1% vs 23.0±3.0%, p<0.001) and EF (61.9±5.7% vs 66.0±6.0%, p<0.001) declined at 3 months compared to baseline and remained low until 12 months. Nine participants (30%) developed heart failure symptoms within one year. More CTRCD was diagnosed using GLS compared to EF criteria (67% vs 10%, p<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity to predict HF symptoms at 1-year were 78% and 35% for GLS, and 11% and 91% for EF, respectively.
Conclusion: Both GLS and EF declined as early as 3 months after receiving Trastuzumab. GLS has greater sensitivity than EF to predict heart failure symptoms at 1-year. GLS assessment in cardiac CMR surveillance during chemotherapy may provide earlier detection of subclinical heart failure than using EF alone.
Total Arch Replacement for Aortic Arch Aneurysm with Cold Agglutinin Disease after Rituximab and Plasmapheresis
Authors: Mitsuishi Atsuyuki , Miura Yujiro , Saeki Kyosuke , Nomura Yoshinori , Yoshifumi Katsumata , Yoshida Keisuke 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background:
Cold agglutinin disease can lead to significant complications, specifically for patients undergoing arch repair requiring hypothermic circulatory arrest. Rituximab and plasmapheresis are treatments for cold agglutinin disease; therefore, we used them under consultation of hematologists before mild hypothermic aortic arch surgery maintaining the body temperature above thermal altitude.
Case presentation:
We describe an 86-year-old male with acute Type A aortic dissection who had been treated for rheumatoid arthritis and a 55-mm thoracic aortic aneurysm as an outpatient. The patient was scheduled to undergo urgent surgery for a Type A intramural hematoma and progressive aortic aneurysm; however, blood clotting was observed on a laboratory test and cold agglutinin was detected. Consequently, we rescheduled the urgent surgery. Under consultation of hematologists, rituximab was initiated 3 months before surgery, and plasmapheresis was performed 2 days before surgery for cold agglutinin disease. Then, total arch replacement under mild hypothermia with the frozen elephant trunk technique was performed by maintaining cerebral and lower body perfusion. The postoperative course was uneventful. On the 42nd postoperative day, the patient was discharged without any neurological deficits.
Conclusions:
We report a case of total arch replacement with mild hypothermia for aortic arch aneurysm with cold agglutinin disease after rituximab treatment and plasmapheresis.
Comparison of the effect of the generative model on the performance of deep neural networks and transformer in contextual social bot detection
Authors: Sadeghi Niki , Riahi Noushin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
considering the important role of social networks and the affectability of people on different issues by these networks, the presence of various types of bots in them is a security risk for the networks. There are many types of bot detection techniques, but the structure of social bots is constantly changing and updating, which makes them run away from bot detection techniques, and finding a sustainable approach to this problem has become a new issue. In addition, in the real world, social bots, despite the important role they have, are far fewer than real users, and the available data set reflects this. In certain social media, we can collect a million real profiles with an easy crawl, but finding a bot account is not that easy. Facing this problem, some bot detection methods, including supervised/unsupervised machine learning methods and neural networks, do not work accurately or are dysfunctional. The proposed method in this paper is to detect Twitter bots based on the content of tweets, which means the text of each tweet, and not using the highly updatable profile information. In this regard, recommended applying algorithms proper to analyze text data, one of which is based on a deep neural network, att_BiLSTM, which is a two-directional LSTM with an attention mechanism, and BERT, which is a transformer. It was also shown that by using the attention layer in BiLSTM, the model's accuracy would be near to the accuracy of BERT's transformer, which is an algorithm based on context. Also, with the presence of the attention layer in att_BiLSTM, the number of LSTM units in BILSTM can be less, and the same accuracy as BILSTM with a larger number of LSTM units is achieved. To reduce the imbalance of data and improve the accuracy of the bot detection, samples have been increased in a set of bots with a special type of Generative Adversarial Networks algorithm called Seq-GAN, which is suitable for discrete and sequential data. Then the difference performance in deep neural networks and transformer showed after using generative model.
Blood Cadmium and Lead Levels and Bone Mineral Density Are Negatively Correlated in Adult Women in U.S
Authors: Hu Chaotao , Li Chengyuan , Lv Jinchang , Hou Biao , Xie Songlin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between blood cadmium levels (BCL) and blood lead levels (BLL) and bone mineral density (BMD) in people aged 20 to 59 years. Using data from the 2011–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), the researchers used multiple logistic regression models to examine the associations between BCL, BLL, and lumbar BMD. Fitting smooth curves and generalized summation models were also used. In subgroup analyses stratified by sex, the negative correlation between BCL, BLL, and lumbar BMD remained negative in women but not significant in men. In a subgroup analysis stratified by race, an inverse association between blood cadmium and lumbar BMD was observed only in whites. The negative association between BLL and lumbar BMD remained negative among whites, blacks, and Mexican Americans, and showed a U-shaped curve among other races.
Achieving energy transformation: Metal intensity for the development of China's photovoltaic roadmap towards 2060
Authors: Gómez Moisés , Xu Guochang , Li Yan , Liao Junlin , Lu Xi , Li Jinhui , He Kebin , Liu Lili , Zeng Xianlai 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

The target to achieve carbon neutrality is to enforce explosive growth of the global solar photovoltaic (PV) industry. This may involve severe resource constraints to meet their future metal demands. Herein, we consider different scenarios for the latest Chinese solar PV roadmaps and mature photovoltaic sub-technologies that may dominate. We estimate metal intensities, supply material risks, end-of-life photovoltaic modules, energy intensity, and costs associated with deploying PV panels and analyze dynamic processes from 2000 to 2060. Results show that the strength of metals varies widely between scenarios and dominant sub-technologies, ranging from 30% to 1300%. Annual supply pressures suggest metal demand will be challenging, peaking in 2040-2045. According to priorities, domestic production of gallium, tellurium, indium, selenium, and silver is likely in short supply in 2020, while production of aluminum, copper, tin, and silicon is under moderate supply pressure, suggesting that China could be at risk of missing out on its future PV roadmaps. To mitigate future demand for metals and assess future energy security, efforts should be made to implement regulations, policies, and investments in circular economy strategies.
The Usage of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (Amf) as a Biofertilizer
Authors: jha Subhesh saurabh , Songachan L. S. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) are a group of soil-borne fungi that form symbiotic relationships with the roots of most plants, including crops. In this relationship, the fungus provides the plant with nutrients, such as phosphorous, in exchange for carbohydrates produced by the plant through photosynthesis. The use of AMF as a biofertilizer involves the application of these fungi to soil to enhance plant growth and improve nutrient uptake. Studies have shown that AMF can increase plant growth, drought tolerance, and nutrient uptake, leading to improved crop yields. The fungi form a network of hyphae in the soil, which helps to increase the soil's water-holding capacity, as well as its ability to retain nutrients. This can lead to improved plant growth and health, even in nutrient-poor soils. In addition, the use of AMF as a biofertilizer can help to reduce the dependence on synthetic fertilizers, which can have negative environmental impacts. AMF can help to improve soil fertility, increase plant nutrient uptake, and reduce soil erosion, leading to more sustainable agriculture practices. However, it is important to note that the effectiveness of AMF as a biofertilizer can vary depending on several factors, including the species of AMF used, the type of crop being grown, and the conditions of the soil. Additionally, the proper application and management of AMF is important to ensure its effectiveness. In conclusion, the use of AMF as a biofertilizer has the potential to enhance plant growth, improve nutrient uptake, and promote sustainable agriculture practices.
How Significant is Trade, Macroeconomic Management, and Economic Integration for Foreign Indebtedness in West African Countries?
Authors: Aladejare Samson Adeniyi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

The implications of trade, macroeconomic management, and economic integration for external debt have rarely been researched in public debt studies. Hence, the novelty of this study’s contribution to the literature hinges on identifying the significance of these factors in external debt accumulation for West African countries from 1981 to 2020. Methodologically, the study applied pooled mean group analytical approach due to its significance in identifying short-term heterogeneous effects. Empirical deductions from the study indicated that trade and economic integration would trigger external debt accumulations in the short term, while the implication of macroeconomic management is neutral. However, the long-term impacts of trade and economic integration demonstrate a diminishing effect on external debt, while macroeconomic management has weak significance. The individual country short-term results indicated that trade enhanced the volume of external debt in almost all countries examined. Also, macroeconomic management and economic integration were revealed to have moderate and insignificant effects on external debt accumulation. Furthermore, the role of financial sector uncertainty, political imbalance, insurgency, and disease outbreaks was affirmed as accompanying exacerbating factors for foreign indebtedness in West African countries.JEL Classification:E6, F34, H63.