bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combinatorial treatment with Silybum marianum essential oil enhances the therapeutic efficacy of a 5‐fluorouracil base therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: MasodKhooy Mohammad Jaber , Farasat Massoumeh , Salehi Salmi Mohamadreza , Mirzaei Hamed 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSilybum marianum seeds contain a family of flavonolignans which can regulate cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, research has rarely focused on the effect of S. marianum essential oil in combination with another anticancer drug. Here, we evaluated the antitumor effect of a combination of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and S. marianum essential oils on some pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro and in vivo. Gas chromatography–mass spectrography results indicated there was no significant difference between the components of essential oils isolated from two geographical areas (Khuzestan or Isfahan, Sm‐K or Sm‐I). Each preparation decreased the viability of H22 cells compared to the control group. S. marianum essential oils alone, and combined with 5‐FU, reduced the migration and invasion of H22 cells. Angiogenesis‐related proteins were significantly reduced both in vivo and in vitro. Apoptosis and autophagy‐related proteins were modulated both in vivo and in vitro. Each treatment decreased phospho‐NF‐κB (p65) and NF‐κB (p65) protein levels. Expression levels of Wnt pathway‐related genes were also decreased both in vivo and in vitro. Results revealed that the combination of S. marianum and 5‐FU prolonged survival in a mouse model of HCC compared to either treatment alone.
On the robustness of central composite designs when missing two observations
Authors: Alanazi Kareem , Georgiou Stelios D. , Stylianou Stella 
Published: February 2023

AbstractQuite often, many situations arise in experimental work where some experimental runs that may not be feasible because of certain circumstances or existing constraints in the system under investigation. A lot of work has been done in studying classical designs, such as the central composite designs (CCDs), with missing observations. In this paper our interest is to research the losses that may occur when one or two observations are missing. The general formulas for missing two observations are presented in a closed form as a function of α, where α is the value used in the axial part in the CCDs. These are calculated explicitly for CCDs up to factors, for the first time in this paper, and are displayed in tables for practitioners to use. The losses for any value of α, in the axial points of the design, can be derived by simply replacing α with the desirable value in the provided formulas. A detailed comparison between our findings and results already known in the literature also been made.
Clinical performance of rapid antigen tests in comparison to RT‐PCR for SARS‐COV‐2 diagnosis in Omicron variant: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mohammadie Zahra Eslami , Akhlaghi Saeed , Samaeinasab Saeed , Shaterzadeh‐Bojd Shakiba , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Omicron variant of concern has a high level of mutations in different genes that has raised awareness about the performance of immunological products such as vaccines and antigen detection kits. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we investigated whether Omicron had a significant influence on rapid antigen test (RAT) performance in comparison to PCR. We registered this systematic review and meta‐analysis in PROSPERO with the registration number CRD42022355510. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases systematically to 1 August 2022. After article screening, we assessed the quality of the included studies based on the JBI checklist. Following data extraction, we performed a meta‐analysis using R software. We included 18 qualified articles presenting sufficient data about RATs performance in comparison to RT‐PCR in Omicron infections. The pooled specificity and sensitivity of RATs were 1.000 (0.997–1.000) and 0.671 (0.595–0.721), respectively. The FDA‐approved kits showed a better performance than WHO‐approved ones with a sensitivity of 0.728 (0.620–0.815). The use of RATs with nasal swabs showed a higher sensitivity compared with nasopharyngeal swabs. The sensitivity for samples with a CT‐value >25 was 0.108 (0.048–0.227). Rapid antigen tests show impaired performance for COVID‐19 diagnosis when the Omicron variant is circulating, particularly in samples with low viral loads.
Mental models, cognitive maps, and the challenge of quantitative analysis of their network representations
Authors: Haque Sumaiya , Mahmoudi Hesam , Ghaffarzadegan Navid , Triantis Konstantinos 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCognitive maps, or mental maps, are externalized portrayals of mental models—people's mental representations of reality and their presumptions about how the world works. They are often used as the intermediary step toward uncovering individuals' presumptions of the outside world. Yet, the next step is often vague: once one's understanding of the real world is mapped, how can we systematically evaluate the maps and compare and contrast them? In this note, we review several common approaches to analyzing cognitive maps, some rooted in network theories, and apply them to a dataset of 30 graduate students who analyzed a complex socioenvironmental problem. Our analysis shows that these methods provide inconsistent results and often fall short of capturing variations in mental models. The analysis points to a lack of effective methods for examining such maps and helps articulate a major research problem for systems‐thinking scholars. © 2023 System Dynamics Society.
Chemobrionics Database: Categorisation of Chemical Gardens According to the Nature of the Anion, Cation and Experimental Procedure**
Authors: Pimentel Carlos , Zheng Mingchuan , Cartwright Julyan H. E. , Sainz‐Díaz C. Ignacio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConsidering the growing importance of the field of chemobrionics since the term was coined in 2015 and the increase in the number of published papers, it has become necessary to catalogue all the papers published to date. Here, we present the chemobrionics database, which lists all the chemical gardens synthesised according to their anion, cation and experimental protocol. The aim of this database is to encourage the study and dissemination of chemical gardens in order to find new experimental avenues in the field of chemobrionics. As this is such a fruitful field, the database is continuously updated.
The evaluation of normal ocular parameters in two breeds of hedgehogs
Authors: Aftab Ghazal , Arfaee Farnoosh , Asghari Ahmad , Zahraei Salehi Taghi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate conjunctival microflora and measure normal tear production and intraocular pressure (IOP) in two breeds of hedgehogs (long‐eared hedgehogs and Brandt's hedgehogs).MethodsForty‐eight hedgehogs from two different breeds were chosen for the study. Tear production was measured using the Schirmer tear test (STT) and phenol red thread test (PRTT) in both eyes. IOP was measured using a rebound tonometer. To perform microbiological sampling one drop of tetracaine was instilled in the eyes. Two sterile microswabs were used to collect samples for the microbial and fungal culture. All the microswab samples were transferred in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) to the laboratory for culture. Two MacConkey and two blood agar media plates were employed for each eye. Oneplate of sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) was used for the fungal culture for each eye. Standard biochemical tests were performed to identify the isolated organisms.ResultsThe mean STT and PRTT values were 1.6 ± 0.1 mm/min and 2.4 ± 0.3 mm/15 s in long‐eared hedgehogs and 2.2 ± 0.1 mm/min and 2.5 ± 0.3 mm/15 s in Brandt's hedgehogs, respectively. Mean (SD) Intraocular pressure of right eyes in long‐eared hedgehog and Brandt hedgehog were 19.7 ± 1.4 mmHg and 19.2 ± 2.4 mmHg, respectively. In the left eyes of long‐eared hedgehog and Brandt hedgehog mean (SD) IOP were 19.8 ± 1.5 mmHg and 19.5 ± 2.1 mmHg, respectively. In long‐eared hedgehogs, the most common bacteria wereStaphylococcus epidermidisand Bacillus spp. In Brandt's hedgehogs, 24 out of 48 eyes hadStaphylococcus epidermidis, which was the most commonly isolated bacterial species.ConclusionsThis study established reference intervals for IOP, STT and PRTT in hedgehogs and recognised and compared ocular conjunctival microflora in two breeds of hedgehogs.
Accessing the thermodynamics of Walter‐B fluid with magnetic dipole effect past a curved stretching surface
Authors: Khan Noor Saeed , Hussanan Abid , Kumam Wiyada , Kumam Poom , Suttiarporn Panawan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe effects of magnetic dipole, porosity and heat transfer on the flow of ferromagnetic Walter‐B fluid past a curved stretching sheet is investigated with the gyrotactic microorganisms motion and cubic autocatalysis chemical reactions. The momentum, energy, homogeneous–heterogeneous chemical reactions and gyrotactic microorganisms motion equations, form the problem's governing equations, which are transformed into non‐linear ordinary differential equations via similarity transformations and are solved using an efficient and strong technique namely homotopy analysis method. The effects of the parameters under consideration on dimensionless velocity, temperature, homogeneous–heterogeneous chemical reaction, and motile microorganisms are graphically depicted and discussed in detail. Velocity decreases with the increasing values of curvature parameter while the magnetic dipole effect and Curie temperature parameter increase the heat transfer. The homogeneous chemical reaction and the motile density of microorganisms are enhanced with the rising values of elasticity and ferromagnetic interaction parameters.
Impact of central complex lesions on innate and learnt visual navigation in ants
Authors: Buehlmann Cornelia , Dell-Cronin Scarlett , Diyalagoda Pathirannahelage Angela , Goulard Roman , Webb Barbara , Niven Jeremy E. , Graham Paul 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWood ants are excellent navigators, using a combination of innate and learnt navigational strategies to travel between their nest and feeding sites. Visual navigation in ants has been studied extensively, however, we have little direct evidence for the underlying neural mechanisms. Here, we perform lateralized mechanical lesions in the central complex (CX) of wood ants, a midline structure known to allow an insect to keep track of the direction of sensory cues relative to its own orientation and to control movement. We lesioned two groups of ants and observed their behaviour in an arena with a large visual landmark present. The first group of ants were naïve and when intact such ants show a clear innate attraction to the conspicuous landmark. The second group of ants were trained to aim to a food location to the side of the landmark. The general heading of naïve ants towards a visual cue was not altered by the lesions, but the heading of ants trained to a landmark adjacent food position was affected. Thus, CX lesions had a specific impact on learnt visual guidance. We also observed that lateralised lesions altered the fine details of turning with lesioned ants spending less time turning to the side ipsilateral of the lesion. The results confirm the role of the CX in turn control and highlight its important role in the implementation of learnt behaviours that rely on information from other brain regions.
Discrete mixture representations of spherical distributions
Authors: Baringhaus Ludwig , Grübel Rudolf 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe obtain discrete mixture representations for parametric families of probability distributions on Euclidean spheres, such as the von Mises–Fisher, the Watson and the angular Gaussian families. In addition to several special results we present a general approach to isotropic distribution families that is based on density expansions in terms of special surface harmonics. We discuss the connections to stochastic processes on spheres, in particular random walks, discrete mixture representations derived from spherical diffusions, and the use of Markov representations for the mixing base to obtain representations for families of spherical distributions.
Influence of Various Heat Treatment Cycles on the Phase Transformation and Microstructure Evolution of AISI 329 Super-Duplex Stainless Steel
Authors: El-Bagoury Nader , Halfa Hossam , Moussa M. E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe importance of duplex stainless steel in the global steel industries takes from its application because of its utilization in the environment, the paper industries, and pipelines and reactions champers found in the gas, oil, and chemicals industries. This research investigates the effect of various heat treatment cycles on the intermetallic compound precipitation and different constituents' evolution of the AISI 329 steel. Also, this investigation aims at exploring the relationship of the microstructure evolution at various heat treatment cycles and its effect on the tensile properties of selected steel. The phase transformation studies were conducted theoretically utilizing the JMatPro program and experimentally employing differential scanning calorimetry tests and dilatation; the obtained microstructure was inspected by exploiting a light metallographic microscope, a field-emission scanning electron microscope, and x-ray diffraction. The results illustrated that the microstructure includes ferrite, austenite phases, and dispersive particles. The dispersive particles are carbide particles and intermetallic compounds. Furthermore, the sigma phase settled at the boundaries of the ferrite grains. Intermetallic compounds were observed in both cast and heat-treated steel microstructures. Observed intermetallic compounds have no specific engineering geometry with various sizes, and the main alloying elements are Cr, Fe, and Mn. Special heat treatment, including solid solution and aging at high temperatures, leads to thinning of the sigma phase while diminishing the size of the intermetallic compound. Tensile properties were enhanced by controlling the volume fraction of different constituents that are adjusted by heat treatment. The fracture morphology is consistent with the microstructure and tensile properties of the investigated steel.
Delayed mechanical ventilation with prolonged high-flow nasal cannula exposure time as a risk factor for mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome due to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: López-Ramírez Viviana Yiset , Sanabria-Rodríguez Oscar Orlando , Bottia-Córdoba Santiago , Muñoz-Velandia Oscar Mauricio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn a high proportion of patients, infection by COVID-19 progresses to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). Other devices, such as a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), have been alternatives to IMV in settings with limited resources. This study evaluates whether HFNC exposure time prior to IMV is associated with mortality. This observational, analytical study was conducted on a historical cohort of adults with ARDS due to SARS-CoV-2 who were exposed to HFNC and subsequently underwent IMV. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the impact of HFNC exposure time on mortality, controlling for multiple potential confounders. Of 325 patients with ARDS, 41 received treatment with HFNC for more than 48 h before IMV initiation. These patients had a higher mortality rate (43.9% vs. 27.1%,p: 0.027) than those using HFNC < 48 h. Univariate analysis evidenced an association between mortality and HFNC ≥ 48 h (OR 2.16. 95% CI 1.087–4.287.p: 0.028). Such an association persisted in the multivariable analysis (OR 2.21. 95% CI 1.013–4.808.p: 0.046) after controlling for age, sex, comorbidities, basal severity of infection, and complications. This study also identified a significant increase in mortality after 36 h in HFNC (46.3%,p: 0.003). In patients with ARDS due to COVID-19, HFNC exposure ≥ 48 h prior to IMV is a factor associated with mortality after controlling multiple confounders. Physiological mechanisms for such an association are need to be defined.
Recent Advances in Serum Biomarkers for Risk Stratification and Patient Management in Cardio-Oncology
Authors: Joolharzadeh Pouya , Rodriguez Mario , Zaghlol Raja , Pedersen Lauren N. , Jimenez Jesus , Bergom Carmen , Mitchell Joshua D. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Following significant advancements in cancer therapeutics and survival, the risk of cancer therapy-related cardiotoxicity (CTRC) is increasingly recognized. With ongoing efforts to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in cancer patients and survivors, cardiac biomarkers have been studied for both risk stratification and monitoring during and after therapy to detect subclinical disease. This article will review the utility for biomarker use throughout the cancer care continuum.

Recent Findings
A recent meta-analysis shows utility for troponin in monitoring patients at risk for CTRC during cancer therapy. The role for natriuretic peptides is less clear but may be useful in patients receiving proteasome inhibitors. Early studies explore use of myeloperoxidase, growth differentiation factor 15, galectin 3, micro-RNA, and others as novel biomarkers in CTRC.

Summary
Biomarkers have potential to identify subclinical CTRC and may reveal opportunities for early intervention. Further research is needed to elucidate optimal biomarkers and surveillance strategies.
Conditioned Medium – Is it an Undervalued Lab Waste with the Potential for Osteoarthritis Management?
Authors: Rosochowicz Monika A. , Lach Michał S. , Richter Magdalena , Suchorska Wiktoria M. , Trzeciak Tomasz 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The approaches currently used in osteoarthritis (OA) are mainly short-term solutions with unsatisfactory outcomes. Cell-based therapies are still controversial (in terms of the sources of cells and the results) and require strict culture protocol, quality control, and may have side-effects. A distinct population of stromal cells has an interesting secretome composition that is underrated and commonly ends up as biological waste. Their unique properties could be used to improve the existing techniques due to protective and anti-ageing properties.

Scope of Review
In this review, we seek to outline the advantages of the use of conditioned media (CM) and exosomes, which render them superior to other cell-based methods, and to summarise current information on the composition of CM and their effect on chondrocytes.

Major Conclusions
CM are obtainable from a variety of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) sources, such as adipose tissue, bone marrow and umbilical cord, which is significant to their composition. The components present in CMs include proteins, cytokines, growth factors, chemokines, lipids and ncRNA with a variety of functions. In most in vitro and in vivo studies CM from MSCs had a beneficial effect in enhance processes associated with chondrocyte OA pathomechanism.

General Significance
This review summarises the information available in the literature on the function of components most commonly detected in MSC-conditioned media, as well as the effect of CM on OA chondrocytes in in vitro culture. It also highlights the need to standardise protocols for obtaining CM, and to conduct clinical trials to transfer the effects obtained in vitro to human subjects.

Graphical Abstract
Our evolved understanding of the human health risks of mercury
Authors: Basu Niladri , Bastiansz Ashley , Dórea José G. , Fujimura Masatake , Horvat Milena , Shroff Emelyn , Weihe Pál , Zastenskaya Irina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMercury (Hg) is a chemical of health concern worldwide that is now being acted upon through the Minamata Convention. Operationalizing the Convention and tracking its effectiveness requires empathy of the diversity and variation of mercury exposure and risk in populations worldwide. As part of the health plenary for the 15th International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant (ICMGP), this review paper details how scientific understandings have evolved over time, from tragic poisoning events in the mid-twentieth century to important epidemiological studies in the late-twentieth century in the Seychelles and Faroe Islands, the Arctic and Amazon. Entering the twenty-first century, studies on diverse source-exposure scenarios (e.g., ASGM, amalgams, contaminated sites, cosmetics, electronic waste) from across global regions have expanded understandings and exemplified the need to consider socio-environmental variables and local contexts when conducting health studies. We conclude with perspectives on next steps for mercury health research in the post-Minamata Convention era.
GIS-based revised universal soil loss equation for estimating annual soil erosion: a case of lower Kulsi basin, India
Authors: Thakuriah G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAssessment and estimation of soil loss is a fundamental aspect of land and water resource conservation and management practices as it provides necessary information in the course of watershed-level development of a region. The soil loss model of Wischmeier and Smith, popularly known as the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, was selected to estimate soil loss in the lower Kulsi river basin due to its simplicity, versatility, and flexibility nature method in the Geographic information system platform. Most original governmental datasets, mainly daily gauge rainfall from 2009 to 2018, satellite images for land use land cover, digital elevation model of Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission for topographic factor, and National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land-use Planning, India soil map were utilized to estimate the average annual soil erosion. The estimated average annual soil erosion ranges from 0.0 to 6.45 thousand t ha−1y−1, grouped into low, moderate, high, and very high risk of soil erosion. A basin area of 36.235 km2 (1.85%) basin area was identified as high to very high zones of soil erosion risk and needed immediate conservation measures to reduce the erosion risk.
Comparison of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions among older adults in IQVIA Xponent and publicly available Medicare Part D data, 2018
Authors: Beshearse Elizabeth M. , Gouin Katryna A. , Fleming-Dutra Katherine E. , Tsay Sharon , Hicks Lauri A. , Kabbani Sarah 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The distributions of antibiotic prescriptions by geography, antibiotic class, and prescriber specialty are similar in the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Part D Prescriber Public Use Files and IQVIA Xponent dataset. Public health organizations and healthcare systems can use these data to track antibiotic use and guide antibiotic stewardship interventions for older adults.