bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of caregiver burden before starting family-based treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa and associations with weight gain during treatment
Authors: Matthews Abigail , Bruening Amanda B. , Aarnio-Peterson Claire M. , Kramer Rachel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Caregivers play a pivotal role in the success of family-based treatment (FBT) for anorexia nervosa (AN). Caregiver burden is frequently demonstrated in eating disorders (EDs) and may impact FBT outcomes. This study examined factors associated with caregiver burden before starting FBT and whether pre-treatment caregiver burden was associated with weight gain during FBT.

Methods
Participants included 114 adolescents with AN or atypical AN (mean age = 15.6 years, SD = 1.4) and a primary caregiver (87.6% mothers) who received FBT in the United States. Before starting treatment, participants completed self-report measures of caregiver burden (via the Eating Disorder Symptom Impact Scale), caregiver anxiety, caregiver depression, and ED symptoms. Clinical characteristics and percentage of target goal weight (%TGW) at FBT session 1 and 3 and 6 months after starting treatment were obtained via retrospective chart review. Hierarchical regressions examined predictors of caregiver burden before FBT initiation. Associations between pre-treatment caregiver burden and %TGW gain at 3 and 6 months after starting FBT were assessed with hierarchical regressions.

Results
Caregiver anxiety (p < 0.001), family history of EDs (p = 0.028), adolescent mental health treatment history (p = 0.024), and ED symptoms (p = 0.042) predicted caregiver burden before starting FBT. Pre-treatment caregiver burden was not associated with %TGW gain at 3 or 6 months. Males demonstrated less %TGW gain than females at 3 months (p = 0.010) and 6 months (p = 0.012).

Conclusion
Proactively evaluating caregiver burden before starting FBT is suggested. Providing recommendations and/or referrals for identified caregiver vulnerabilities could indirectly impact FBT progress. Males in FBT could require longer courses of treatment and extra vigilance to this demographic is suggested.
Level of evidence: Level III, case–control analytic study.
The Role of Psychological Safety in Enhancing Medical Students’ Engagement in Online Synchronous Learning
Authors: McLeod Emma , Gupta Shalini 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic instigated a global change in the delivery of undergraduate medical education, with an eminent shift from in-person to online teaching. The virtual methods that were utilised to a limited extent previously have now become the mainstay in education. The concept of psychological safety has been studied previously within medical education, but not in the distance learning context. The aim of the study was to explore students’ experiences of online learning and to gain an understanding of the factors affecting psychological safety and its subsequent impact on their learning.MethodsA qualitative, social constructivist approach was adopted in this research. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with 15 medical students from the University of Dundee. There was a representation from each year group on the undergraduate medical course. Data was transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.ResultsFive key themes were identified as motivation for learning, engagement with learning, fear of judgement, group learning and adjustment to online learning. Each of these comprised of interlinked subthemes related to peer and tutor interactions.ConclusionsDrawing on students’ experiences, the paper presents the significant interplay of group interactions and tutor attributes operating in the virtual synchronous learning environment. The relevance of psychological safety in student learning and experience, and strategies to foster it in online classrooms are discussed in the context of existing literature and proposed future developments.
Intelligent renovation of existing Olympic venues: digital design and construction strategy of a DfD-based prefabricated structure system
Authors: Wang Xiang , Zhou Ziqi , Lv Xueyuan , Yang Li , Yuan Philip F. , Chen Lei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article introduces introduces a new prefabricated and assembled steel structure system and its key construction technologies for repeated switching scenes in existing stadiums. This steel structure system follows the DfD design method, minimizing the volume of each group of structural member units and separating the connection interfaces between members. In order to improve the construction and assembly efficiency of all the structural components, this study establishes an assembly-oriented BIM model data system by adding customized attributes in the family library in Autodesk REVIT. By associating model attributes with on-site monitoring data of the construction process, this research realizes real-time acquisition and display of construction data of all components during the whole life cycle. At the same time, aiming at the requirements of high-precision positioning and digital dynamic monitoring in future on-site construction, this research proposes an innovative construction positioning monitoring method which combines motion capture system with traditional construction monitoring technology. By correcting the positioning data of motion capture system with traditional construction monitoring data, real-time dynamic monitoring of several monitoring points in a 12*15 m large site is realized and the measurement error is controlled within ±1 mm. This study takes the construction project of “ice-water conversion” from the main swimming pool of the National Swimming Center in the Summer Olympic Games to the curling venue of the Winter Olympic Games as an example to show the important role of relevant technology to improve the construction efficiency in the construction application for the renovation of existing Olympic venues.
The impact of sustainable aviation fuels on aircraft fuel line ice formation and pump performance
Authors: Ugbeh-Johnson J. , Carpenter M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith the aviation industry facing increasing environmental and energy challenges, there has been a growing demand for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Previous studies have shown the role of ice accretion, release and blockage in aviation-related incidents and accidents with conventional jet fuel. However, there is no available data that establishes the magnitude of influence new fuel compositions will pose on ice formation and accretion in aircraft fuel systems. A recirculating fuel test rig capable of cooling fuel from ambient to −30°C within 4h was built by Airbus to simulate conditions in an aircraft wing tank and allow characterisation of ice accretion. The key characteristic was the pressure drop across an inline fuel strainer for the different SAF explored but visual analysis of ice accretion on the strainer mesh (filters used in protecting fuel feed pumps) was also performed for individual experimental runs for comparison. Measurements revealed that 100% conventional fuel exhibited a higher propensity to strainer blockage compared to the SAF tested. However, all SAF blends behaved differently as the blending ratio with Jet A-1 fuel had an impact on the pressure differential at different temperatures. Data from this work are essential to establish confidence in the safe operation of future aircraft fuel systems that will potentially be compatible with 100 % SAF.
Inequality and the Value of a Statistical Life
Authors: Sunstein Cass R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA uniform value of a statistical life (VSL) is part of established practice within the federal government. Some people have applauded a uniform VSL on the ground that it respects the equality of persons; takes harm to poor people as seriously as it does harm to wealthy people; avoids expressive harms; and builds appropriate wealth redistribution into regulatory policy. Other people have strenuously objected to a uniform VSL, emphasizing that to reduce mortality risks, poor people are willing to pay less than rich people are, and urging that poor people should not have to pay more than they are willing to pay. Whether a uniform VSL is in the interest of poor people depends on whether we are dealing with subsidies or regulations. In the case of subsidies, a uniform VSL is highly likely to benefit poor people. If we are dealing with regulations, we cannot know whether a uniform VSL helps or harms poor people without knowing the incidence of costs (and benefits).
Physician Approaches to Antithrombotic Therapies for Recently Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis
Authors: Ganesh Aravind , Beland Benjamin , Jewett Gordon A.E. , Campbell David J.T. , Varma Malavika , Singh Ravinder-Jeet , Al-Sultan Abdulaziz , Wong John H. , Menon Bijoy K. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT:Background:Whereas the beneficial effect of antiplatelet therapy for recurrent stroke prevention has been well established, uncertainties remain regarding the optimal antithrombotic regimen for recently symptomatic carotid stenosis. We sought to explore the approaches of stroke physicians to antithrombotic management of patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis.Methods:We employed a qualitative descriptive methodology to explore the decision-making approaches and opinions of physicians regarding antithrombotic regimens for symptomatic carotid stenosis. We conducted semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 22 stroke physicians (11 neurologists, 3 geriatricians, 5 interventional-neuroradiologists, and 3 neurosurgeons) from 16 centers on four continents to discuss symptomatic carotid stenosis management. We then conducted thematic analysis on the transcripts.Results:Important themes revealed from our analysis included limitations of existing clinical trial evidence, competing surgeon versus neurologist/internist preferences, and the choice of antiplatelet therapy while awaiting revascularization. There was a greater concern for adverse events while using multiple antiplatelet agents (e.g., dual-antiplatelet therapy (DAPT)) in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy compared to carotid artery stenting. Regional variations included more frequent use of single antiplatelet agents among European participants. Areas of uncertainty included antithrombotic management if already on an antiplatelet agent, implications of nonstenotic features of carotid disease, the role of newer antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants, platelet aggregation testing, and timing of DAPT.Conclusion:Our qualitative findings can help physicians critically examine the rationale underlying their own antithrombotic approaches to symptomatic carotid stenosis. Future clinical trials may wish to accommodate identified variations in practice patterns and areas of uncertainty to better inform clinical practice.
Dynamic impedance is correlated with static impedance and seizure quality parameters in bifrontal electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Exner Jan , Deuring Gunnar , Seifritz Erich , Brühl Annette Beatrix 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground:To evoke a therapeutically effective seizure, electrical stimulation in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has to overcome the combined resistivity of scalp, skull and other tissues. Static impedances are measured prior to stimulation using high-frequency electrical alternating pulses, dynamic impedances during passage of the stimulation current. Static impedance can partially be influenced by skin preparation techniques. Earlier studies showed a correlation between dynamic and static impedance in bitemporal and right unilateral ECT.Objective:This study aims at assessing the correlation of dynamic and static impedance with patient characteristics and seizure quality criteria in bifrontal ECTMethods:We performed a cross-sectional single-centre retrospective analysis of ECT treatments at the Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich between May 2012 and March 2020 and used linear mixed-effects regression models in 78 patients with a total of 1757 ECT sessions.Results:Dynamic and static impedance were strongly correlated. Dynamic impedance was significantly correlated with age and higher in women. Energy set and factors positively (caffeine) and negatively (propofol) affecting seizure at the neuronal level were not associated with dynamic impedance. For secondary outcomes, dynamic impedance was significantly related to Maximum Sustained Power and Average Seizure Energy Index. Other seizure quality criteria showed no significant correlation with dynamic impedance.Conclusion:Aiming for low static impedance might reduce dynamic impedance, which is correlated with positive seizure quality parameters. Therefore, good skin preparation to achieve low static impedance is recommended.
The transience and persistence of high optical polarisation state in beamed radio quasars
Authors: Chand Krishan , Gopal-Krishna  , Omar Amitesh , Chand Hum , Bisht P. S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe examine the long-term stability (on decade-like timescales) of optical ‘high polarisation’ (HP) state with${p_{opt}}$${> 3\%}$, which commonly occurs in flat-spectrum (i.e., beamed) radio quasars (FSRQs) and is a prominent marker of blazar state. Using this clue, roughly a quarter of the FSRQ population has been reported to undergo HP$\leftrightarrow$non-HP state transition on year-like timescales. This work examines the extent to which HP (i.e., blazar) state can endure in a FSRQ, despite these ‘frequent’ state transitions. This is the first attempt to verify, using purely opto-polarimetric data for a much enlarged sample of blazars, the recent curious finding that blazar state in individual quasars persists forat leasta few decades, despite its changing/swinging observed fairly commonly on year-like timescales. The present analysis is based on a well-defined sample of 83 radio quasars, extracted from the opto-polarimetric survey RoboPol (2013–2017), for which old opto-polarimetric data taken prior to 1990 could be found in the literature. By a source-wise comparison of these two datasets of the same observable ($p_{opt}$), we find that$\sim$90% of the 63 quasars found in blazar state in our RoboPol sample, were also observed to be in that state about three decades before. On the other hand, within the RoboPol survey itself, we find that roughly a quarter of the blazars in our sample migrated to the other polarisation state on year-like timescales, by crossing the customary$p_{opt}$= 3% threshold. Evidently, these relatively frequent transitions (in either direction) do not curtail the propensity of a radio quasar to retain its blazar (i.e., HP) state for at least a few decades. The observed transitions/swings of polarisation state are probably manifestation of transient processes, like ejections of synchrotron plasma blobs (VLBI radio knots) from the active nucleus.
Constraining Mountain Streamflow Constituents by Integrating Citizen Scientist Acquired Geochemical Samples and Sentinel‐1 SAR Wet Snow Time‐Series for the Shimshal Catchment in the Karakoram Mountains of Pakistan
Authors: Lund Jewell , Forster Richard R. , Jameel Yusuf , Rupper Summer B. , Deeb Elias J. , Dars Ghulam Hussain , Zaheer Azhar , Ali Masood , Ghafoor Abdul , Khan Garee , Arfan Muhammad , Liston Glen E. , Akhter Qureshi Javed , Carling Gregory , Burian Steven J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUpper Indus Basin (UIB) streamflow originates largely from glacier and snow melt in the upstream Himalaya, Karakoram, and Hindu Kush mountain ranges and is extremely vulnerable because of its projected climate changes, dense populations, and hydropolitical tensions. Accurate knowledge of streamflow constituents is required for resilient water resources management; this is precluded by a paucity of measurement as well as climatological and topographic complexity. Here we integrate citizen scientist acquired geochemical samples, collected from October 2018 through September 2019 in the Shimshal watershed of the Karakoram Mountains of Pakistan, with Sentinel‐1 (S1) synthetic aperture radar (SAR)‐derived wet snow maps, to better understand streamflow constituents for the high altitude and heavily glaciated catchment. We use Bayesian end‐member mixture analysis to separate river flows into baseflow and meltwater constituents, using fixed and time‐variant melt end‐member values. We compare river hydrograph separation results with S1 wet snow time series maps for the same timeframe. We then utilize S1 imagery to inform end‐member mixture analysis to separate meltwaters into snow and glacier melt. For the Shimshal catchment, we find that about 85% of annual river flows are derived from snow and glacier melt; 45% of annual flows are derived from snow melt and 40% glacier melt. Engaged and committed citizen scientists enabled geochemical sample collection and analysis on a significant temporal and spatial scale. In the future, co‐produced knowledge that both implements local expertise and that is also planned and utilized by diverse stakeholders may increase climatological awareness and resilience in the UIB.
Signaling pathways in Parkinson’s disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions
Authors: Dong-Chen Xu , Yong Chen , Yang Xu , Chen-Yu ShenTu , Li-Hua Peng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, and its treatment remains a big challenge. The pathogenesis of PD may be related to environmental and genetic factors, and exposure to toxins and gene mutations may be the beginning of brain lesions. The identified mechanisms of PD include α-synuclein aggregation, oxidative stress, ferroptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and gut dysbiosis. The interactions among these molecular mechanisms complicate the pathogenesis of PD and pose great challenges to drug development. At the same time, the diagnosis and detection of PD are also one of obstacles to the treatment of PD due to its long latency and complex mechanism. Most conventional therapeutic interventions for PD possess limited effects and have serious side effects, heightening the need to develop novel treatments for this disease. In this review, we systematically summarized the pathogenesis, especially the molecular mechanisms of PD, the classical research models, clinical diagnostic criteria, and the reported drug therapy strategies, as well as the newly reported drug candidates in clinical trials. We also shed light on the components derived from medicinal plants that are newly identified for their effects in PD treatment, with the expectation to provide the summary and outlook for developing the next generation of drugs and preparations for PD therapy.
Kitaev spin-orbital bilayers and their moiré superlattices
Authors: Nica Emilian Marius , Akram Muhammad , Vijayvargia Aayush , Moessner Roderich , Erten Onur 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe determine the phase diagram of a bilayer, Yao-Lee spin-orbital model with inter-layer interactions (J), for several stackings and moiré superlattices. For AA stacking, a gapped $${{\mathbb{Z}}}_{2}$$

Z

2

quantum spin liquid phase emerges at a finite Jc. We show that this phase survives in the well-controlled large-J limit, where an isotropic honeycomb toric code emerges. For moiré superlattices, a finite-q inter-layer hybridization is stabilized. This connects inequivalent Dirac points, effectively ‘untwisting’ the system. Our study thus provides insight into the spin-liquid phases of bilayer spin-orbital Kitaev materials.
Surface profile analysis of laminated transfemoral prosthetic socket fabricated with different ratios of epoxy resin and acrylic resin
Authors: Zainuddin Nik Abdul Muiz Nik , Razak Nasrul Anuar Abd , Karim Mohd Sayuti Ab , Osman Noor Azuan Abu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAcrylic and epoxy are common types of resin used in fabricating sockets. Different types of resin will affect the internal surface of a laminated socket. This paper is to determine the best combination of ratio for epoxy and acrylic resin for a laminated prosthesis socket and to evaluate the surface profile analysis of different combinations of laminated prosthetic sockets for surface roughness. Transfemoral sockets were created using various resin-to-hardener ratios of 2:1, 3:1, 3:2, 2:3, and 1:3 for epoxy resin and 100:1, 100:2, 100:3, 100:4, and 100:5 for acrylic resin. Eight layers of stockinette consisting of four elastic stockinette and four Perlon stockinette were used. A sample with a size of 4 cm × 6 cm was cut out from the socket on the lateral side below the Greater Trochanter area. The Mitutoyo Sj-210 Surface Tester stylus was run through the sample and gave the Average Surface Roughness value (Ra), Root Mean Square Roughness value (Rq), and Ten-Point Mean Roughness value (Rz). Epoxy resin shows a smoother surface compared to acrylic resin with Ra values of is 0.766 µm, 0.9716 µm, 0.9847 µm and 1.5461 µm with 3:2, 3:1, 2:1 and 2:3 ratio respectively. However, for epoxy resin with ratio 1:3, the resin does not cure with the hardener. As for acrylic resin the Ra values are 1.0086 µm, 2.362 µm, 3.372 µm, 4.762 µm and 6.074 µm with 100: 1, 100:2, 100:5, 100:4 and 100:3 ratios, respectively. Epoxy resin is a better choice in fabricating a laminated socket considering the surface produced is smoother.
Therapeutic benefits of factors derived from stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth for radiation-induced mouse xerostomia
Authors: Kano Fumiya , Hashimoto Noboru , Liu Yao , Xia Linze , Nishihara Takaaki , Oki Wakana , Kawarabayashi Keita , Mizusawa Noriko , Aota Keiko , Sakai Takayoshi , Azuma Masayuki , Hibi Hideharu , Iwasaki Tomonori , Iwamoto Tsutomu , Horimai Nobuyasu , Yamamoto Akihito 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRadiation therapy for head and neck cancers is frequently associated with adverse effects on the surrounding normal tissue. Irreversible damage to radiation-sensitive acinar cells in the salivary gland (SG) causes severe radiation-induced xerostomia (RIX). Currently, there are no effective drugs for treating RIX. We investigated the efficacy of treatment with conditioned medium derived from stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED-CM) in a mouse RIX model. Intravenous administration of SHED-CM, but not fibroblast-CM (Fibro-CM), prevented radiation-induced cutaneous ulcer formation (p < 0.0001) and maintained SG function (p < 0.0001). SHED-CM treatment enhanced the expression of multiple antioxidant genes in mouse RIX and human acinar cells and strongly suppressed radiation-induced oxidative stress. The therapeutic effects of SHED-CM were abolished by the superoxide dismutase inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamate (p < 0.0001). Notably, quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry shotgun proteomics of SHED-CM and Fibro-CM identified eight proteins activating the endogenous antioxidant system, which were more abundant in SHED-CM than in Fibro-CM (p < 0.0001). Neutralizing antibodies against those activators reduced antioxidant activity of SHED-CM (anti-PDGF-D; p = 0.0001, anti-HGF; p = 0.003). Our results suggest that SHED-CM may provide substantial therapeutic benefits for RIX primarily through the activation of multiple antioxidant enzyme genes in the target tissue.