bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Cryopreservation Techniques Applied to Transplantable Tissues
Authors: McNally Robert T. , Capps Scott B. , Clarke Kathryn A. , Hall M. Travis , Fronk David M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Despite the efforts of the biomedical engineering community to devise synthetic and biosynthetic devices for surgical applications, there remain specific areas where cryopreserved tissue is clearly superior and has achieved clinical acceptance. In 13 years over 30,000 allograft tissues have been processed using state-of-the-art cryopreservation techniques. Based on a subset of 1,220 patients receiving cryopreserved allograft heart valves, the data show a 96% freedom from structural deterioration at 72 months for aortic valves used in left-sided reconstructions in the adult population, and 90% freedom from structural deterioration at 60 months for pulmonary valves used in the right ventricular outflow tract reconstructions in children. In a series of 264 cryopreserved saphenous vein allografts used for below-the-knee vascular bypass procedures, one year primary patency was 56% with a limb survival rate of 90%. Data for 303 cryopreserved memscal allografts with an average of 41 months follow-up resulted in 89% overall graft survival. These data demonstrate the benefits of proper cryopreservation technology.
Modeling and Performance Comparison of a Refrigerant Cooled Liquid Desiccant Absorber With a Conventional Refrigerant Cooled Cooling Coil
Authors: Khan Arshad Y. , Robles Eliud , Sulsona Fernando J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Heat and mass transfer performance of a non-conventional cooling and dehumidification system using a refrigerant cooled liquid desiccant absorber (RCLDA) employing ammonia as a refrigerant over a conventional refrigerant cooled cooling coil (RCCC) also using ammonia as a refrigerant is compared in this paper. Analytical models describing the heat and mass transfer in both the conventional and a non-conventional system are developed for this purpose. The study reveals that the performance of an RCLDA depends more on the evaporator temperature than on the refrigerant to air mass flow rate ratio for high values of the mass flow ratio, but for low values of the mass flow rate ratio a strong dependence on both parameters is predicted. Similar results are predicted regarding the performance of an RCCC. As opposed to the performance prediction of an RCCC, it is found that the deterioration in the cooling and dehumidification performance of an RCLDA takes place relatively more slowly. Furthermore, it is concluded from this study that the cooling and dehumidification performance of an RCLDA system is better than an RCCC system for evaporator temperatures and refrigerant mass flow rates of greater than 10°C and 0.50 respectively.
Impact of Natural Gas Substitution and Utility-Based Cogeneration for Industrial Process Heating
Authors: Rosen M. A. , Sy E. , Gharghouri P. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Significant benefits in the form of reduced energy use and related emissions are shown to be possible in the province of Ontario, Canada by (i) substituting natural gas heating for electric heating, and (ii) implementing utility-based cogeneration, using the facilities of the main provincial electrical utility, Ontario Hydro, to satisfy some of the needs for industrial process heating in the province. Examinations of a wide range of practical substitution levels shows the greatest benefits from substitution to be realized in the utility sector, where marked reductions occur in coal and uranium use. Two cogeneration scenarios are assessed, which assume implementation of utility-based cogeneration to satisfy minor or major portions of the heat demands of the industrial sector, and which show that cogeneration can provide significant technical, economic and environmental benefits to the province and its electrical utility. The results are most likely to be useful to the developers and designers of energy systems, and to decision makers on energy planning and policy.
Loss of Residual Heat Removal System Simulation Using CATHARE Thermal Hydraulic Code
Authors: Troshko A. A. , Hassan Y. A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Thermal hydraulic CATHARE V1.3U code has been used to simulate an International Standard Problem (ISP38) experiment conducted at BETHSY Integral Test Facility located in Grenoble, France.
This experiment dealt with simulation of the loss of Residual Heat Removal System (RHRS) during midloop operation. It involved opening of the pressurizer manway and steam generator outlet plenum manway simultaneously with switching on the heating rods power simulating loss of RHRS. The total power was kept unchanged with the level 138 kW throughout the test. Mass discharge through both manways led to core boiling and uncovery. Test was stopped when the primary cooling system was filled back to a midloop level.
Overall, the code’s prediction and experimental data were found to be in a reasonable qualitative agreement. However, the code underestimated the time of the core uncovery and the actuation of the gravity feed injection due to the ovepredicted mass discharge through steam generator manway during the initial stage of the transient. This was caused by CATHARE’s miscalculation of the phase separation effect at the hot leg/surge line tee junction and significant water entrainment into the surge line at the beginning of the test. It was found that the code’s model of the upward tee junction needs to be refined for the low pressure ranges.
Stratification in Nuclear Reactor Components
Authors: Randorf J. A. , Hassan Y. A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Several experiments have recorded loop stratification at a recent test performed at the Rig of Safety Assessment (ROSA) project at the Japanese Atomic Energy Research Institute’s Large Scale Test. This facilty (LSTF) is used for for the advanced nuclear reactor AP600 simulation. Prediction of stratification in reactor coolant loops is of interest during accident conditions. The present study attempts to develop the criteria for stratification in the coolant loops based on data from the LSTF experiments. The first criteria was developed for addressing injection-induced stratification. The second criteria applies to downcomer/cold leg junction stratification. Both criteria provided predictions consistent with LSTF data.
An Analytical Study of Investment Casting With Webbed Epoxy Patterns
Authors: Yao W. L. , Wong H. , Leu M. C. , Sebastian D. H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We describe in this paper a finite element analysis (FEA) study to analyze the stresses in the ceramic shells and epoxy patterns that are induced by the thermal expansion of the patterns in investment casting. Because it is computationally prohibitive to perform FEA of the stresses due to the thermal expansion of a complex pattern with an internal web structure, we devise a method which replaces the effect of the internal web structure by a set of forces exerting on the skin of the pattern. These forces are simply estimated from the web geometry and the heating temperature. The validity of this method is verified by comparing the FEA results using this technique and the FEA results obtained with exact web structure patterns. Also discussed are the effect of web geometry and location on thermal stresses and buckling of the web structure.
Adaptive Regulation of Thermal Desktop Manufacturing Methods
Authors: Doumanidis Charalabos C. , Fourligkas Nikolaos 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, thermal feedback control techniques are applied to regulate the distributed-parameter, dynamic nonlinear heat transfer phenomena involved in thermal rapid prototyping processes. These mechanisms are captured in a numerical simulation of the thermal field generated during such operations. For the design of a multivariable controller, a linearized state-space model of lumped temperatures and heat inputs on a grid is established, and its parameters are identified in-process. The controller gains are adapted in real time and the torch power and motion is driven on a trajectory optimizing the thermal actuation. This control strategy is validated both by simulation and by experiment in a laminated object manufacturing operation, using a plasma-arc torch modulated through temperature feedback from an infrared camera.
Determination of Flat-End Cutter Orientation in 5-Axis Machining
Authors: Deng Zhongping , Leu Ming C. , Wang Liping , Blackmore Denis 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Implementation of the method of finding flat-end cutter orientation based on slope and curvature matching for 5-axis NC machining is studied. The full advantages of 5-axis machining are exploited by considering the cutter’s inclination and yaw capability and the local differential geometric features of a designed surface. The machining error, or cusp height, is derived for two machining scenarios. An algorithm is developed which computes the cutter orientation by matching the slope and curvature of the surface at each discretized point while minimizing the machining error and satisfying constraints on both inclination and yaw angles.
Rapid Prototyping of Control Software for Automated Manufacturing Systems Using Supervisory Control Theory
Authors: Qiu Robin G. , Joshi Sanjay B. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Supervisory control (SC) theory, coupled with the TCT modeling package (Wonham, 1994), is theoretically powerful and practically useful. However, due to the lack of an efficient method to transform the SC model into operational control logic, this theory has found limited applications in manufacturing. This paper presents a method to rapidly prototype operational control software for an automated manufacturing system using SC theory. Given the control specification of a manufacturing workcell, an SC model can be developed using the TCT package. By transforming the SC model into an MPSG-based model (Smith, 1992), the modified MPSG builder can generate the corresponded control logic in the form of C++ source codes. After the equipment-level control and information handler functions are inserted into the control logic, an executable computer-based controller on the shop floor can be immediately compiled.
The Effect of Stencil Printing Optimization on Reliability of CBGA and PBGA Solder Joints
Authors: Li Y. , Mahajan R. L. , Subbarayan G. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
As a follow-up and conclusion to previous work in stencil printing process modeling and optimization (Li et al., 1996), we investigate the effect of stencil printing optimization on the reliability of the ceramic and plastic ball grid arrays. For ceramic ball grid arrays, the eutectic solder fillet shape is calculated using a series of simple mathematical equations. The thermal strain distributions within the solder joints after two cycles of accelerated thermal cycling test are estimated using three-dimensional finite element models. The modified Coffin-Manson relationship is applied to calculate the mean fatigue lives of the solder joints. The results reveal that an optimized stencil printing process significantly reduces variation in the fatigue life of ceramic ball grid arrays. The results also show that the fatigue life of ceramic ball grid arrays is very sensitive to the card-side solder volume. The maximum strain region shifts from the card-side eutectic solder to the module side as the card-side eutectic solder volume increases. This shift in maximum strain suggests that there exists an optimum ratio between the card-side solder volume and the module-side solder volume for the reliability of a given ceramic ball grid array design. The implications of this for the package developers and users are discussed. The calculations indicate that the fatigue life of plastic ball grid arrays is almost insensitive to the card-side solder volume.
Design and Simulation of an Entry Edge Guide Control System for Tandem Cold Mills
Authors: Guo Remn-Min , Loen Mark V. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A new entry edge guide control system for cold mills was designed using a dual-mode control system. One control loop regulated the cylinder pressure to prevent machine damage due to pressure surge while the other loop provided strip edge guide position control. The target control level was ±1.59mm accuracy for a maximum operating strip speed with coil sidewall variances of ±12.5mm/sec.
A mathematical model was developed to simulate the dynamic behavior of the control system using the state space design method. The control system features two PID controllers, two hydraulic proportional valves, and a digital edge sensor. The PID tuning constants and the hydraulic proportional valves were specified by simulation results considering system response and signal noise. Data from 35 coils was used to investigate control performance. The results show that the average standard error is entirely acceptable. The majority of the coils are expected to have tracking errors less than the required accuracy.
The Development of Process Models for Use With Global Optimization of a Manufacturing System
Authors: Gunasekera Jay S. , Fischer Christian E. , Malas James C. , Mullins William M. , Yang Michael S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper addresses the development of a system which will enable the optimization of an entire manufacturing process sequence. Typically such a sequence may involve several stages and alternative routes of manufacturing a given part. It is important that such a system be optimized globally, (rather than locally, as is the current practice) in order to achieve improvements in affordability, producibility, and performance. This paper demonstrates the development of a simplified forging model, an ordinal optimization technique for searching and reducing a very large design space, and an objective function to evaluate the cost of a design sequence.
Form Tolerance Estimation Using Jackknife Methods
Authors: Shao Jun , Tsui Kwok-Leung 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is a computer controlled device that uses a programmable probe to obtain measurements on a part surface. Recently CMMs have become very popular for dimensional measurement in industry due to their flexibility, accuracy, and ease of automation. Despite the advantages offered by CMM’s, problems have emerged with their use because tolerance standards require knowledge of the entire surface while a CMM provides only a sample of points on the surface. These problems could be quite challenging, and both practitioners and researchers have shown great interest.
Among these problems, estimating form tolerances for different part features is very important to practitioners. The least squares and minimum zone methods are the most commonly used methods for form tolerance estimation. Dowling et al. (1996a) show that these two methods give seriously biased estimates of the part deviation range when the sample size is small. This paper proposes several jackknife estimates that correct the bias of the least squares and minimum zone estimates. Based on a simulation study, it is found that the jackknife estimates effectively reduce the bias of the two common estimates in many situations, and thus reduce the chance of accepting bad parts in tolerance verification.
Time-Frequency Distribution and Nonlinear Model-Based Virtual Torsional Vibration Sensor for Milling Insert Wear Assessment
Authors: Li C. James , Tzeng Tzong-Chyi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study establishes the utility of torsional vibration, time-frequency analysis, and neural networks for on-line estimation of the extent of flank wear in a milling insert. First, a time-frequency distribution, i.e., a Choi-Williams distribution, is calculated from the torsional vibration of a milling machine spindle. Second, scattering matrices and orthogonalization are employed to identify the time-frequency components that are best correlated to the extent of wear. Third, a neural network is trained to estimate the extent of wear from these critical time-frequency components. To reduce the cost of the system, a nonlinear model-based virtual sensor is developed to eliminate the need for a permanent torsional vibration sensor, which is more expensive and bulky than the translational vibration sensor. Experimental results have shown the usefulness of the proposed solution.
Multi-Spindle Drilling Process Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Gu S. , Ni J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A multi-spindle drilling process is often used in auto industries, e.g., in engine block and transmission case manufacturing. Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis for the multiple spindle drilling process is very important. Although extensive research has been done on drilling process monitoring and diagnosis, relatively little research deals with the multiple spindle drilling process. Because of the nature of the multiple spindle drilling operation, the approach used for single spindle drilling process monitoring and diagnosis cannot be directly applied for multiple spindle drilling cases. In this paper, a force sensor will be used for multi-spindle drill wear condition monitoring, while a vibration sensor will be used for the drill wear fault diagnosis (detecting a worn drill location). Experimental results show that they are effective for the monitoring and the diagnosis, respectively. In this paper, a multiple fault classification method, called Recursive Optimal Pairwise Linear Discriminant Function (RO-PLDF), is implemented for the fault classification. The success rate of locating a worn drill position by this approach can be as high as 100% with a trained diagnostic model.
Simultaneous Analysis of Products and Orders in Storage Assignment
Authors: Amirhosseini Michael M. , Sharp Gunter P. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This research focuses on non-traditional analysis of products in an order processing environment. The approach is different from an ABC analysis whereby more popular and fast moving products are assigned to the most accessible storage locations. In Simultaneous Analysis of Products and Orders in Storage Assignment, a generalized correlation measure is introduced that will look at the degree to which two or more products together fill warehouse or customer orders. The motivation behind this idea is the intuitive understanding that by grouping products according to the degree to which orders are satisfied, the overall distance during order-picking will be decreased, hence increasing order-picking productivity. This order-satisfying correlation measure is contrasted against other popular correlation measures in creating hierarchical clusters or groups of products. A specially-developed cluster analysis software is then used in obtaining various product correlation measures, in creating nested product clusters, and in performing the necessary analyses.
Two-Dimensional Stress Analysis of Single-Lap Joints of Dissimilar Adherends Subjected to External Bending Moments
Authors: Sawa Toshiyuki , Nakano Katsuyuki , Ratani Hiroshi To 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The stress distributions of single-lap adhesive joints of dissimilar adherends subjected to external bending moments are analyzed as a three-body contact problem by using a two-dimensional theory of elasticity (plain strain). In the analysis, dissimilar adherends and an adhesive are replaced by finite strips, respectively. In the numerical calculations, the effects of Young’s modulus ratio, adherend thickness ratio and adherend length ratio on the stress distribution at the interface are examined. As the results, it is seen that the stress singularity occurs at the edges of the interfaces and it increases at the edge of the interface of adherend with greater Young’s modulus It is noticed that the singular stress decreases at the edge of the interface of adherend with larger adherend thickness. Strain measurements on adherends were conducted. A fairly good agreement is seen between the analytical and the measured results.
Relative Index Method for Nonlinear Strain Analysis of Piezoceramic Sensored Structure
Authors: Lin Y.-J. , Lee T. , Saravanos D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a relative index method is proposed to analyze the nonlinear Von Karman strain effects on the piezoceramic sensored rotor blades. Although other qualitative and quantitative methods are available for nonlinear strain analysis, these methods have inherent drawbacks. For qualitative method the fuzzy terms such as severe, negligible influence, etc., are usually used to describe the effect. The main disadvantage of using these terms is that to different people the same fuzzy word can be interpreted differently. This causes inconsistency which may lead to inaccurate analysis. For quantitative methods, the major disadvantage is that they are unable to delineate the whole picture of the nonlinear effects. However, the proposed relative index method circumvents the drawbacks of both qualitative and quantitative methods. Firstly, it measures the nonlinear effect and converts it into a numerical value. The value is in the range of zero to one in which zero is corresponding to negligible effects and one indicates the highest severity of the nonlinear effects. In addition, to generate the index value this method takes the whole picture of nonlinear effect response into consideration.
The results of using the relative index method show that at any given mode of vibration the nonlinear effect on sensor is relatively negligible at high rate of rotation than that on lower ones. The results also indicate that the nonlinear effect is increasing at lower modes of vibration but its effect on sensor almost levels off at higher modes. Moreover, if comparing index value of a given modes of vibration with the index value of its preceding modes, the effect of nonlinearity is decreasing. In addition, the results also suggest that at any given instantaneous speed of rotation the level of the nonlinear effect is diminishing with the higher acceleration/deceleration rate of operation of the blade.
Design and Fabrication of the Fundamental Components Integrated to Realize a Functional Silicon Micromachined Gas Chromatography System
Authors: Kolesar Edward S. , Reston Rocky R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A miniature gas chromatography (GC) system has been designed, fabricated and developed using modem silicon micromachining and VLSI circuit processing techniques. The GC system is composed of a miniature sample injector that incorporates a 10 μ1 sample loop; a 0.9 m long, rectangular-shaped (300 μm width and 10 μm height) capillary column coated with a 0.2 μm thick copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) stationary phase; and a dual-detector scheme based upon a CuPc-coated chemiresistor and a commercially available, 125-μm diameter thermal conductivity detector (TCD) bead. Silicon micromachining was employed to fabricate the interface between the sample injector and the GC system’s column, the GC system’s column itself, and the dual-detector cavity. A novel integrated circuit thin film processing technique was developed to sublime the CuPc stationary phase coating on the GC system’s column walls micromachined in the host silicon wafer substrate and the Pyrex® cover plate which are subsequently electrostatically bonded together. The CuPc-coated chemiresistor was designed and fabricated using conventional VLSI circuit processing techniques. The miniature GC system has demonstrated the capability to directly and completely separate parts-per-million (ppm) ammonia and nitrogen dioxide concentrations when isothermally operated (55–80°C). With a helium carrier gas and nitrogen diluent, a 10 μl sample volume containing ammonia and nitrogen dioxide injected at 40 psi can be separated in less than 30 minutes.