bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic velocity inversion transformer
Authors: Wang Hongzhou , Lin Jun , Dong Xintong , Lu Shaoping , Li Yue , Yang Baojun 
Published: April 2023

Velocity model inversion is one of the most challenging tasks in seismic exploration, and an accurate velocity model is essential for high-resolution seismic imaging. Recently, velocity inversion methods based on deep learning (DL), particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have attracted considerable attention from the seismic exploration community. These researchers aim to directly estimate the velocity model from raw seismograms using a well-trained model. Although CNN-based velocity inversion methods have demonstrated remarkable performance in terms of intelligence and automation, their inversion performance is often constrained by a limited long-range dependence. Specifically, when conducting a convolutional operation on raw seismic data using small kernels (i.e., 1 × 1, 3 × 3, 5 × 5, and 7 × 7), CNN-based methods extract only the local features and neglect the weak spatial correlation between different local features that reflect the information of the same interface. This correlation could assist CNN in providing an overview of the seismic data and promote inversion performance when using DL. Furthermore, the time-varying properties of seismic data pose a challenge to the weight sharing of CNNs. Here, we have developed a new DL framework based on a transformer, called the seismic velocity inversion transformer (SVIT), to address the problem of velocity inversion. SVIT uses a self-attention mechanism to capture the long-range dependence of seismic data, rather than stacking multiple convolutional layers as in CNNs. Thus, SVIT can provide more informative remote features for building velocity models. The validity and reliability of the proposed method are demonstrated through numerical experiments using synthetic models. Compared with the conventional full-waveform inversion method and an existing CNN-based velocity inversion method, our SVIT indicates greater consistency with the target in terms of the velocity value, subsurface structures, and geologic interfaces and is expected to provide a new DL-based solution to resolve inversion problems.
Human rights promotion and the ‘Geneva impasse’ in mental healthcare: scoping review
Authors: McSherry Bernadette , Gooding Piers , Maker Yvette 
Published: April 2023

Background
The World Psychiatric Association recently emphasised that the protection of human rights in mental healthcare was a ‘central concern’. This paper examines recent literature on human rights and mental healthcare.

Aims
To (a) outline how international human rights law distinguishes between the protection and promotion of human rights; and (b) explore the literature on promoting human rights in mental healthcare which avoids what has been termed the ‘Geneva impasse’ between those who argue that compulsory care and treatment can never comply with human rights law and those who argue that they can if certain conditions are met.

Method
The following doctrinal methodology was used: (a) identification and detailed analysis of international human rights conventions and commentaries; (b) identification of key literature on human rights and mental healthcare; and (c) critical analysis of key issues emerging from the literature.

Results
Much of the literature on human rights and mental healthcare focuses on whether restrictions on compulsory care are required to meet the requirements of United Nations Conventions. There is an emerging literature identifying measures to promote the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of mental health.

Conclusions
There has been a focus on protecting the rights to liberty and equality before the law for mental health patients. The nascent literature on promoting human rights in mental healthcare could mark a way forward beyond the ‘Geneva impasse’ that has dominated public debate in recent years.
Physical coupling between inertial clustering and relative velocity in a polydisperse droplet field with background turbulence
Authors: Kumar M. Shyam , Chakravarthy S. R. , Mathur Manikandan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Natural processes, ranging from blood transport to planetary formation, are strongly influenced by particle collisions induced by background turbulence. While inertial clustering and particle pair relative velocity are recognized as the main collision enhancement factors, their physical coupling is poorly understood. In this experimental study, we measure clustering and relative velocity in a polydisperse droplet field with background air turbulence, to directly demonstrate the physical coupling between these collision enhancement factors. This coupling is shown to cause an inverse relation between clustering and relative velocity in the mean-flow–dominated turbulent flow we study, thus suppressing the intuitive effect of an increase in droplet collision rate with background air turbulence. Turbulence modulation due to clustering, and the resultant reduction of caustic droplet pairs with large relative velocities, are found to be the key physical mechanisms, and should be a consideration in droplet collision rate estimates in warm rain initiation.
Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Sheth Sunil A. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
Endovascular stroke therapy has greatly improved the ability to treat the deadliest and most disabling form of acute ischemic stroke. This article summarizes some of the recent innovations in this field and discusses likely future developments.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
At present, there is robust activity to improve all facets of care for patients with large vessel occlusion stroke, including better prehospital routing, more efficient in-hospital screening, expanding indications for thrombectomy eligibility, innovating novel thrombectomy devices, and improving the effects of recanalization on clinical outcomes. In addition, the integration of endovascular stroke therapy (EVT)—an emergent and frequently off-hours procedure that requires a specialized team of nurses, technologists, and physicians—into acute stroke care has transformed referral patterns, hospital accreditation pathways, and physician practices. The eligibility for the procedure will potentially continue to grow to include patients screened without advanced imaging, larger core infarcts, and more distal occlusions.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
In this review, we discuss the current state of EVT and its implications for practice, and present three cases that highlight some of the directions in which the field is moving.
Targeting Accuracy of the Leksell Vantage Stereotactic System for Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Phillips Katharine R. , Mackel Charles E. , Alterman Ron L. 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:
Compared with the Leksell G frame, the new Leksell Vantage stereotactic headframe offers many benefits during deep brain stimulation (DBS) procedures.

OBJECTIVE:
To define the “real-world” targeting accuracy of the Vantage frame for performing DBS lead implants.

METHODS:
Retrospective review of all patients who underwent DBS using the Vantage frame with our surgeon between July 2021 and May 2022. Target and actual coordinates of implanted DBS leads were determined in BrainLab.

RESULTS:
Thirty-three electrode trajectories (17 left-sided, 16 right-sided) were included. On the right, actual electrode placement was, on average, 0.95 mm more medial, 1.06 mm more posterior, and 0.55 mm more superior compared with planned trajectories. The vector error was 1.93 ± 0.91 mm. On the left, actual electrode placement was 0.49 mm more lateral, 0.66 mm more posterior, and 0.67 mm more superior than planned trajectories. The vector error was 1.68 ± 0.66 mm. After excluding all electrodes that were repositioned after microelectrode recording and/or test stimulation, right-sided electrodes (n = 10) were 0.88 mm more medial, 0.94 mm more posterior, and 0.76 mm more superior than planned trajectories. The vector error was 1.74 ± 1.01 mm. Left-sided electrodes (n = 14) were 0.49 mm more lateral, 0.63 mm more posterior, and 0.49 mm more superior than planned trajectories. The vector error was 1.62 ± 0.68 mm.

CONCLUSION:
This study demonstrated the accuracy of the Leksell Vantage frame in comparison with the traditional Leksell G frame.
A Modified Technique for Interventional MRI-Guided Deep Brain Stimulation Using the ClearPoint System
Authors: Harland Tessa A. , Brougham Jared , Gupta Shruti , Strahan Jessica , Hefner Matthew , Wilden Jessica 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is increasingly performed using imaging-based techniques, which are rapidly evolving to minimize invasiveness and use limited resources efficiently.

OBJECTIVE:
To describe a modified surgical technique for interventional MRI-guided stereotactic procedures using ClearPoint.

METHODS:
A total of 160 consecutive DBS cases for Parkinson disease (48%), essential tremor (44%), dual essential tremor/Parkinson disease (3%), and dystonia (5%) were studied. Technique modifications included (1) preplanning the target/trajectory, (2) adoption of a smaller incision and new stereotactic frame, (3) changing the sequence of surgical steps, aiming to final target PRIOR to drilling, (4) reducing burr hole size, (5) minimizing dural opening, and (6) anchoring leads with a bio cement/plate combination in lieu of commercial devices. Demographic data, radial error, number of passes, and case time were prospectively collected while complications and clinical outcomes were retrospectively assessed.

RESULTS:
One hundred and forty seven DBS patients had 262 total leads placed. Average radial error was 0.41 mm bilaterally. Seventy nine leads had error <0.2 mm; 6 leads had error >1 mm. Pin-to-stylet insertion time, pin-to-frame removal time, and pin-to-room departure time were 2 hours 1 minute, 2 hours 48 minutes, and 3 hours 16 minutes, respectively, and were significantly shorter than those obtained with the original ClearPoint technique for our first 150 DBS cases (P < .0001). Complications included infection with hardware removal (2.5%) and superficial hemorrhage without permanent neurological sequelae (1.9%).

CONCLUSION:
The modified ClearPoint technique maintains accuracy while reducing invasiveness and MRI time. This workflow can be expanded to other applications, including laser interstitial thermal therapy and gene delivery.
Molecular basis of Climp63-mediated ER lumen spacing
Authors: Xu Lu , Xiang Yun , Hu Junjie 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTThe width of cisternal structures in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is maintained by the ER-resident protein Climp63 (also known as CKAP4). Self-association of the Climp63 luminal domain (LD), even though moderate, plays a key role in shaping ER sheets. However, the molecular basis of luminal spacing remains elusive. Here, we analyzed the homotypic interactions of the Climp63 LD using deep learning-predicted structures. The LD is highly α-helical, with a flexible leading helix followed by a five-helix bundle (5HB). Charge-based trans associations were formed between the tip of the 5HB and the C-terminus of the LD, consistent with generating a width of ∼50 nm for ER sheets. The leading helix of the LD was dispensable for homotypic interactions but packing of the 5HB regulated self-association. The density of Climp63, likely reflecting the strength of cis interactions, influenced the ER width, which was maintained by trans interactions. These results indicate that a general principle in maintaining membrane tethering is multi-modular self-association.
PARTICIPATORY ACTIONS, PARTICIPATORY ART, AND RURAL LIFE IN THE POST-INDUSTRIAL CITY OF ASPROPYRGOS
Authors: Bouriti Emilia 
Published: April 2023

The portfolio is a presentation of research and artistic practice used by the artist based on the role of participatory art in her collaboration with the rural Arvanitic community of the post-industrial city of Aspropyrgos. A Greek city located 18 kilometres west of Athens. An example of artistic practice is presented in the international interdisciplinary program "Amoli - Art and Culture: a collective project in the rural, post-industrial, multicultural community of Aspropyrgos" (the word 'Amoli' means to the farmers of Aspropyrgos the water through that irrigates the agricultural crops). The program is implemented in Aspropyrgos, a historically rural town, which went through a violent industrial development and is now going through its post-industrial phase, while the intense migration flow shaped the city's multicultural physiognomy. The portfolio presents the participatory actions of a diverse audience involved in the creation of the artistic work consisting of narratives, participation in agricultural work, participatory meals, walking routes, as well as holistic educational actions since the participants, despite belonging to different social groups, learn and collectively gets trained in the above mentioned actions. The above provides food for the creation of interdisciplinary visual works that are presented in rural areas, turning them into modern art spaces and bringing out questions that concern the international community, indicatively such as the value of arable land and food, the link of modern man with nature, the preservation of the cultural heritage of rural communities, the future of spoken languages. The Amoli international program through the practice of participatory art creates projects that respond to the above needs.
CLAY – A VEHICLE OF MEMORY
Authors: Basarab Vlad 
Published: April 2023

Through my ceramic work and my experience in working with clay in various parts of the world, I look at how clay and ceramics have been forms of communication and are means of transmitting memory. I found in clay’s geologic transformations and in the human interventions it underwent, a metaphor to comment on both fragility and permanence of the human condition, as well as on the different perceptions of time and memory. Giving form out of clay is like writing, composing new meaning from a large database, yet it is empowering when you dig your own clay to know that you are the first human to touch it and are free to make anything you want out of it. My aim for the artwork that I produce is to generate a thought process in regards to how memory is transmitted and oftentimes altered, how accurate information is in general.
Transformation of the Education System as a Driver of Digitalization of the National Economy
Authors: Mahmudova Muhabbat 
Published: April 2023

Purpose: analysis of changes in the Russian education system taking into account the requirements of the modern labor market in the conditions of digitalization.
Methods: generalization, abstraction and analysis of theoretical and practical factors of the digital economy that form the requirements of employers.
Results: Changes related to the use of digital technologies require new knowledge and competencies from a person. This will lead to the transformation of all models and formats of training: training, retraining, internship, advanced training, additional education, etc. Conclusions: The state, by implementing large-scale and targeted projects, will contribute to the timely adaptation of education to new conditions, and public investments in human capital will make these investments effective and quickly recouped.
Convex and Nonconvex Risk-Based Linear Regression at Scale
Authors: Wu Can , Cui Ying , Li Donghui , Sun Defeng 
Published: April 2023

The value at risk (VaR) and the conditional value at risk (CVaR) are two popular risk measures to hedge against the uncertainty of data. In this paper, we provide a computational toolbox for solving high-dimensional sparse linear regression problems under either VaR or CVaR measures, the former being nonconvex and the latter convex. Unlike the empirical risk (neutral) minimization models in which the overall losses are decomposable across data, the aforementioned risk-sensitive models have nonseparable objective functions so that typical first order algorithms are not easy to scale. We address this scaling issue by adopting a semismooth Newton-based proximal augmented Lagrangian method of the convex CVaR linear regression problem. The matrix structures of the Newton systems are carefully explored to reduce the computational cost per iteration. The method is further embedded in a majorization–minimization algorithm as a subroutine to tackle the nonconvex VaR-based regression problem. We also discuss an adaptive sieving strategy to iteratively guess and adjust the effective problem dimension, which is particularly useful when a solution path associated with a sequence of tuning parameters is needed. Extensive numerical experiments on both synthetic and real data demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed methods. In particular, they are about 53 times faster than the commercial package Gurobi for the CVaR-based sparse linear regression with 4,265,669 features and 16,087 observations. History: Accepted by Antonio Frangioni, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms–Continuous. Funding: This work was supported in part by the NSF, the Division of Computing and Communication Foundations [Grant 2153352], the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 12271187], and the Hong Kong Research Grant Council [Grant 15304019]. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.1282 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2022.0012 ) at ( http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7483279 ).
The Longshot Bias Is a Context Effect
Authors: Meyer Andrew , Hundtofte Sean 
Published: April 2023

In nearly every betting market, gamblers overvalue the riskiest bets. This “longshot bias” is usually explained by a tendency to overweight low-probability events. We offer a novel explanation: contrast effects enhance the attractiveness of longshots because gambles presented in terms of their payoffs are easier to compare along the payoff dimension than along the probability dimension. Our analysis of historical betting odds suggests that contrasts between gamble payoffs can explain the longshot bias. Laboratory experiments confirm those contrast effects and show that the longshot bias disappears when gamblers consider bets in isolation or when winning probabilities are easier to compare. This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: The authors thank the University of Chicago’s Center for Decision Research and Richard Thaler for funding. Supplemental Material: The online supplement and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4684 .
The Value of U.S. College Education in Global Labor Markets: Experimental Evidence from China
Authors: Chen Mingyu 
Published: April 2023

One million international students study in the United States each year, and the majority of them compete in global labor markets after graduation. I conducted a large-scale field experiment and a companion employer survey to study how employers in China value U.S. college education. I sent more than 27,000 fictitious online applications to business and computer science jobs in China, randomizing the country of college education. I find that U.S.-educated applicants are on average 18% less likely to receive a callback than applicants educated in China, with applicants from very selective U.S. institutions underperforming those from the least selective Chinese institutions. The United States-China callback gap is smaller at high-wage jobs, consistent with employers fearing U.S.-educated applicants have better outside options and would be harder to hire and retain. The gap is also smaller at foreign-owned firms, consistent with Chinese-owned firms knowing less about American education. Controlling for high school quality, test scores, or U.S. work experiences does not attenuate the gap, suggesting that the gap is not driven by employer perceptions of negative selection. A survey of 507 hiring managers at college career fairs finds consistent and additional supporting evidence for the experimental findings. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: This work was supported by the Industrial Relations Section at Princeton University and the Prize Fellowship in Social Sciences awarded by Princeton School of Public and International Affairs. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4745 .
Caught in the Revolving Door: Firm-Government Employee Mobility as a Fleeting Regulatory Advantage
Authors: Katic Ivana V. , Kim Jerry W. 
Published: April 2023

How does the exchange of employees between regulatory agencies and regulated firms (i.e., the firm-government revolving door) affect firm regulatory outcomes? Existing work has mostly found a positive impact of revolving door hiring on firm outcomes, but it has overlooked potential limitations of this corporate political activity (CPA) tactic. We argue that the advantages firms can gain from hiring former regulators are bound by the timing of revolving door employment relative to the regulatory process. Within the context of agribiotechnology and its main regulator, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, we study regulators who move to in-house and contract lobbying positions (i.e., exit revolving door). We find that firms receive better regulatory outcomes (i.e., faster regulatory approval for new crops) only prior to the regulators’ move to in-house lobbying, consistent with the regulatory capture perspective. Moreover, this revolving door was only valuable in the time period immediately before the mobility event. Additionally, contrary to the belief that former regulators provide firms with expertise and social capital as lobbyists, we find that firms did not gain any advantage after regulators became lobbyists. Taken together, our results suggest that revolving doors can be an effective business political mobilization strategy, albeit one that has limited success in shaping firm government outcomes, much like other types of CPA. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.1669 .