bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of plasma biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of dementia in a Brazilian cohort
Authors: Santos Luis E , Mattos Paulo , Pinheiro Thaís , Silva Ananssa , Drummond Claudia , Sudo Felipe K. , Barros‐Aragão Fernanda , Vanderborght Bart , Brandão Carlos O , Ferreira Sergio T , Tovar‐Moll Fernanda , De Felice Fernanda G ,   IDOR Memory Clinic Initiative
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundDementia is a growing concern throughout the developing world and is severely underdiagnosed among the Brazilian population. Despite remarkable progress in the biomarker field in recent years, local testing and validation of plasma biomarkers of AD and dementia is still lacking in Brazil and Latin America.MethodIn this longitudinal cohort study of 145 participants, the diagnostic performance of plasma biomarkers was assessed based on clinical diagnosis and CSF biomarker positivity. Follow‐up data of up to 4.7 years were used to determine biomarker performance in predicting diagnostic conversions. The study was conducted at the Memory Clinic at the D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR) in Rio de Janeiro. Participants were volunteers referred to the service. All were native Brazilians, had Portuguese as their first language and 60+ years of age. They were diagnosed (DSM‐5 criteria) and underwent extensive psychiatric and laboratory assessments. Diagnoses outside the scope of the study were excluded. CSF biomarker data was available for 34% of the sample. Participants were categorized as cognitively normal controls (n = 49), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI; n = 29), Alzheimer’s disease (AD; n = 37), Lewy body dementia (n = 23), or vascular dementia (n = 7). Plasma samples collected at initial and follow‐up visits were tested for relevant biomarkers.ResultPlasma Tau, Aβ40, Aβ42, NfL, GFAP, pTau231 and pTau181 were measured on the SIMOA HD‐X platform. Results were evaluated against clinical diagnosis and CSF biomarker status. Plasma NfL and GFAP could discriminate between all‐cause dementia and controls with ROC AUCs of 0.79 (95% CI: [0.70–0.87]) and 0.74 [0.65–0.83], respectively. Plasma pTau181 had good diagnostic performance discriminating clinical AD (AUC = 0.89 [0.82–0.96]), CSF‐biomarker+ aMCI/AD (AUC = 0.90 [0.82–0.98]), or CSF‐biomarker‐confirmed AD (AUC = 0.95 [0.89–1.00]) from controls.ConclusionIn this first description of the plasma biomarker profile of a Brazilian dementia cohort, plasma pTau181 confirmed its potential as a clinically useful diagnostic tool. This study comprises an initial step towards local validation and adoption of dementia biomarkers in Brazil and Latin America.
Anti‐epilepsy drug therapy in a dox‐regulatable TDP‐43 mouse model of ALS‐FTD with seizures
Authors: Ra Irene , Jia Elizabeth , Gujral Jaskreet , Rodemer William , Porta Sílvia , Lee Virginia M.‐Y. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundCytoplasmic inclusions of TDP‐43 are the primary pathology in the majority of ALS and FTLD cases. Recent reports in cell and animal models suggest TDP‐43 pathology may enhance neuronal excitability, which could contribute to neurodegeneration via excitotoxicity. Dox‐regulatable rNLS8 mice express human TDP‐43 with mutations in the nuclear localization signal (hTDP‐43NLSm) to promote cytoplasmic accumulation. Preliminary electrophysiological data indicate these mice develop robust hyperexcitability in brain circuits along with generalized seizures. To test whether reducing hyperexcitability may be therapeutic, we administered the anti‐epilepsy drug, levetiracetam, to rNLS8 mice and assessed its effects on behavior and neurodegeneration.MethodhTDP‐43NLSm expression was induced by replacing doxycycline‐chow with normal mouse feed (off‐DOX) in a cohort of 16 adult rNLS8 mice, approximately equal numbers male and female. Starting 1 week off‐DOX, 100mg/kg levetiracetam (LEV) or 0.5% w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with 1% Tween‐80 vehicle (VEH) was administered by daily gavage. At 4 weeks off‐DOX, mice were subjected to a behavior battery including cognitive (Y maze, elevated zero maze, 3‐chamber social interaction test) and motor (accl. rotarod, open field) tests. Brains were collected for histology at 6 weeks off‐DOX.ResultNo improvement in behavioral deficits was observed in LEV treated mice. Preliminary analysis indicated a potential mild reduction in gross neurodegeneration. Mean hippocampus mass at 6 weeks off‐DOX was similar for both groups (21.7mg LEV, 22.mg VEH; Student’s t‐test, p = 0.84) but the LEV treated group showed a trend towards reduced cortical atrophy (mean motor cortex thickness on H&E stained sections: 943µm LEV, 870µm VEH; Student’s t‐test, p = 0.12).ConclusionDaily levetiracetam administration was not effective in significantly reducing disease severity. Future studies will examine the effect of orthogonal approaches, such as AAV encoded chemogenetics, and characterize downstream mediators of TDP‐43 ‐induced hyperexcitability, which may serve as more potent and specific therapeutic targets.
Modeling tau spreading in Alzheimer’s disease in the AD workbench environment
Authors: Franzmeier Nicolai , Schöll Michael 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundTo understand the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), neuroimaging and biomarker research relies increasingly on sophisticated data analysis techniques that are often restricted to expert lab environments. Here, we demonstrate how complex analyses on modeling tau spreading across interconnected brain regions from our previous studies (e.g., Franzmeier et al., Nat Commun, 2020; 2024, Sci Adv, 2020) can be replicated using the cloud‐based Alzheimer's Disease Workbench (ADWB) environment. We illustrate how data analyses can transition from restricted lab environments to open cloud‐based workspaces, highlighting the potential for data sharing, transparency and collaborative analysis in AD research via cloud‐based solutions.MethodsData from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) were re‐analyzed in the ADWB environment. The analyses involved combining resting‐state fMRI with longitudinal tau‐PET imaging data to investigate the relationship between brain connectivity and tau accumulation. We illustrate the role of the ADWB as an integrated workspace where datasets can be uploaded, explored, and analyzed using a suite of tools, including Python and R. Within this environment we illustrate how sophisticated data analyses can be replicated in shared environments to facilitate collaborative research efforts.ResultsReplicating key findings from our original studies, we demonstrate that interconnected brain regions show correlated tau accumulation, and that tau spreads from local epicenters across connected brain regions, indicating potential trans‐neuronal tau propagation. We provide shared data and code for running and visualizing analyses on connectivity‐mediated tau spreading, enhancing the accessibility and reproducibility of neuroimaging analyses in AD.ConclusionThe AD Workbench environment effectively supports complex neuroimaging analyses, facilitating data sharing and collaborative research using open‐access datasets such as ADNI. By enabling researchers to replicate and extend existing studies, ADWB can enhance our understanding of AD mechanisms and foster collaborations across different research sites and groups. We underscore the role of cloud‐based and open‐access solutions in neuroimaging research that can make advanced data analysis techniques available to a broader research community.
Exogenously and Endogenously Sequential Regulation of DNA Nanodevices Enables Organelle‐Specific Signal Amplification in Subcellular ATP Profiling
Authors: Feng Xueyan , Yi Deyu , Li Lele , Li Mengyuan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAdenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency in cells, is dynamically regulated across different subcellular compartments. The ATP interplay between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) underscores their coordinated roles in various biochemical processes, highlighting the necessity for precise profiling of subcellular ATP dynamics. Here we present an exogenously and endogenously dual‐regulated DNA nanodevice for spatiotemporally selective, subcellular‐compartment specific signal amplification in ATP sensing. The system allows for exogenous NIR light‐controlled spatiotemporal localization and activation of the aptamer sensor in mitochondria or ER, while a specific endogenous enzyme in the organelles further drives signal amplification via the consumption of molecular beacon fuels, resulting in significantly enhanced sensitivity and spatial precision for the subcellular ATP profiling in the organelle of interest. Furthermore, we demonstrate the application of this system for robust monitoring of ATP fluctuations in mitochondria and ER following drug interventions. This advancement provides a powerful tool for improving our understanding of cellular energetics at the subcellular level and holds potential for the development of targeted therapeutics.
Hydrogen‐Borrowing‐Based Methods for the Construction of Quaternary Stereocentres
Authors: Crompton Jessica L. , Jenkins Timothy C. , Rowe Sam M. , Donohoe Timothy J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCompounds containing quaternary stereocentres are a valuable motif in biologically active compounds. Herein we present our strategy to utilise the hydrogen borrowing manifold to access α‐quaternary ketones via a tandem acceptorless dehydrogenation‐cyclisation cascade. This new application of the methodology results in the formation of five‐ and six‐membered carbocycles with a high degree of diastereoselectivity. Interestingly, benzylic alcohol substrates behaved anomalously and eliminated sulfinate in situ to give a set of rearranged α‐quaternary ketone products.
Microbial methods matter: Identifying discrepancies between microbiome denoising pipelines using a leaf biofilm taphonomic dataset
Authors: Palmer Brianne , Karačić Sabina , Bierbaum Gabriele , Gee Carole T. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPremiseThe occurrence of different microorganisms on aquatic macrophyte fossils suggests that biofilm microbes may facilitate leaf preservation. Understanding the impact of microorganisms on leaf preservation requires studies on living plants coupled with microbial amplicon sequencing. Choosing the most suitable bioinformatic pipeline is pivotal to accurate data interpretation, as it can lead to considerably different estimations of microbial community composition.MethodsWe analyze biofilms from floating and submerged leaves of Nymphaea alba and Nuphar lutea and mock communities using primers for the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), 18S rRNA, and ITS amplicon regions and compare the microbial community compositions derived from three bioinformatic pipelines: DADA2, Deblur, and UNOISE.ResultsThe choice of denoiser alters the total number of sequences identified and differs in the identified taxa. Results from all three denoising pipelines show that the leaf microbial communities differed between depths and that the effect of the environment varied depending on the amplicon region.DiscussionConsidering the performance of denoising algorithms and the identification of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), we recommend DADA2 for analyzing 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA. For the ITS region, the choice is more nuanced, as Deblur identified the most ASVs and was compositionally similar to DADA2.
Histochemical indications for a chemically complex signal produced by the cervical gill slit gland of the pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps)
Authors: Keenan Tiffany F. , McLellan William A. , Rommel Sentiel A. , Costidis Alexander M. , Harms Craig A. , Thewissen J. G. M. , Rehorek Susan J. , Rotstein David S. , Gay Mark D. , Taylor Alison R. , Koopman Heather N. , Wang Ying , Kamel Stephanie , Pabst D. Ann 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) possesses an exocrine gland associated with its false gill slit pigmentation pattern. The cervical gill slit gland is a compound tubuloalveolar gland that produces a holocrine secretion and displays maturational changes in size and secretory histology. While the morphology of the cervical gill slit gland has been described in detail, to date, the chemical composition of its secretion remains uncharacterized. This study used histochemical staining techniques and quantitative lipid analysis to identify and characterize the constituents expressed in the secretory cells and secretion of the cervical gill slit gland. Results demonstrate that the secretion, like those of terrestrial artiodactyls that function in chemical communication, includes a complex mixture of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Differences in staining intensity across germinal and secretory epithelial layers demonstrate differential expression, or maturation, of mucins and proteins. Additionally, a highly unusual and primary constituent of the secretion is uric acid. Uric acid was identified within the secretion using histochemical stains and polarized light imaging, and chemically verified using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry. While uric acid is not a common constituent of mammalian exocrine glands, urate‐based compounds are abundant in the secretions of marine organisms used in chemical communication. Thus, uric acid may contribute to the chemical message produced by K. breviceps in its marine environment. We hypothesize that the chemical signals produced by the gill slit gland may be shared at close‐range by conspecifics, and that the mode of sensory reception is likely gustation.
Hydrodynamic Influences on Dissolution Testing Using Flow Channel Apparatuses
Authors: Mattusch Amelie , Meurers Alexandra , Hense Niklas , Bartsch Jens , Thommes Markus 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe extent and rate of solution formation are measured via dissolution testing. Contrary to expectations, the intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) is not size‐independent, despite normalization of the sample area. By comparing different channel designs and sample diameters, the dimensionless boundary layer normalization factor (BNF) was developed to account for the size‐dependence discovered. With the derived velocity of the boundary (vb), the comparability of dissolution data generated with flow channel apparatuses was established, depending on the flow pattern under laminar flow conditions.
Lignin‐derived carbon fibers: A green path from biomass to advanced materials
Authors: Yan Li , Liu Hai , Yang Yanfan , Dai Lin , Si Chuanling 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCarbon fibers (CFs) with notable comprehensive properties, such as light weight, high specific strength, and stiffness, have garnered considerable interest in both academic and industrial fields due to their diverse and advanced applications. However, the commonly utilized precursors, such as polyacrylonitrile and pitch, exhibit a lack of environmental sustainability, and their costs are heavily reliant on fluctuating petroleum prices. To meet the substantial market demand for CFs, significant efforts have been made to develop cost‐effective and sustainable CFs derived from biomass. Lignin, the most abundant polyphenolic compound in nature, is emerging as a promising precursor which is well‐suited for the production of CFs due to its renewable nature, low cost, high carbon content, and aromatic structures. Nevertheless, the majority of lignin raw materials are currently derived from pulping and biorefining industrial by‐products, which are diverse and heterogeneous in nature, restricting the industrialization of lignin‐derived CFs. This review classifies fossil‐derived and biomass‐derived CFs, starting from the sources and chemical structures of raw lignin, and outlines the preparation methods linked to the performance of lignin‐derived CFs. A comprehensive discussion is presented on the relationship between the structural characteristics of lignin, spinning preparation, and structure‐morphology‐property of lignin‐derived CFs. Additionally, the potential applications of these materials in various domains, including energy, catalysis, composites, and other advanced products, are also described with the objective of spotlighting the unique merits of lignin. Finally, the current challenges faced and future prospects for the advancement of lignin‐derived CFs are proposed.
The Impact of Text‐Based Financial Constraints on Stock Price Crash Risk: Evidence From the UK Firms
Authors: Albert Acheampong , Mousavi Mahdi , Gozgor Giray , Patrick Yeboah 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper employs a textual analysis approach to quantify financial constraints information from the narrative sections of annual reports in the UK firms. Then, the paper examines the impact of this information on the stock price crash risk in 250 firms from 2005 to 2021. The paper also analyses the moderating role of adopting the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on the impact of text‐based financial constraints on stock price crash risk. It is found that text‐based financial constraints are positively associated with stock crash risk measures. It is also observed that adopting the IFRS weakens the positive impact of financial constraints on stock price crash risk. These results are robust to several controls and model specifications. The findings also have several implications for investors and other market participants for seeking evidence of the credibility of annual reports in reflecting relevant information that highlights financial constraints.
Female dental students' perceptions on barriers and motivators in pursuing oral and maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Jatana Courtney , Conley Katelyn , Moffitt Anika , Schumacher Fernanda , Emam Hany 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeAlthough females represent more than half of US dental students, less than 10% are practicing oral surgeons. This study sought to identify barriers and motivators perceived by female dental students in their D1 and D4 years concerning a career in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS).MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used a single survey in 2023 sent to all US dental schools for female D1 and D4 students. Perceived barriers and motivating factors were rated on a scale from 0 to 5, 5 indicating the highest importance. For comparisons between D1 and D4, the data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney test and adjusted for multiple correction using the Bonferroni method. All responses were pooled to identify statistically significant barriers and motivating factors.ResultsCombined cohort barriers identified were time commitment (86.2%), family sacrifices (75.2%), long work hours (70.7%), and need to perform at top of class (64.6%). The important motivators were financial security (82.1%), scope (71.2%), respect (62%), and lifestyle after residency (51.4%). A statistically significant difference between groups was on the need to excel academically, with D1 students rating it more important (4.14/5) and D4's rating 3.51/5 (adjusted p‐value = 0.02, which is less than 0.05). The responses for motivation to pursue OMS showed a significant difference, D1 rating it 3.81/5 and D4 rating it 3.26/5 (adjusted p‐value = 0.03, which is less than 0.05).ConclusionAs the primary barriers identified relate to issues of time and personal sacrifice, it may be beneficial to enhance female mentorship and surgical clerkship opportunities for female dental students to address these issues.
Effort–reward imbalance among dental and dental hygiene faculty and turnover intention
Authors: Kentar Lileth , Boyd Linda D. , Vineyard Jared , McCarthy Jennifer 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeThe impact of effort–reward imbalance (ERI) on the decision to leave academia among dental and dental hygiene faculty in the United States (US) has yet to be explored. This study examined the effect of effort, reward, and overcommitment on turnover intention to leave academia in dental and dental hygiene faculty in the US.MethodsCross‐sectional survey research design was conducted with a convenience sample of dental hygiene and dental faculty (n = 273) currently teaching in the US. The survey included three sections: demographics, Teacher Effort–Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (Teacher ERIQ), and turnover intention scale‐6 (TIS‐6). Descriptive, correlation, and regression were used for analysis.ResultsThe completion rate was 66.7% (n = 182). About 67% of the sample reported sometimes or always considering leaving their job. The effort (M = 49.53)–reward (M = 46.86) ratio was 1.11 (SD ± 0.37) suggesting slightly more effort than reward. The TIS mean was 16.32 with scores of 18 or higher suggesting intent to leave. Regression analysis found that predictors of turnover intention were effort (β = 0.315, t = 3.821, p < 0.001) indicating higher levels of perceived effort were associated with an increased turnover intention. Reward emerged as a significant negative predictor of TIS (β = −0.464, t = −7.449, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe predictors of turnover intention for faculty were greater effort with lower reward. These are areas institutions need to address to recruit and retain qualified dental and dental hygiene educators.
Exact Results for Generalized Extremal Problems Forbidding an Even Cycle
Authors: Győri Ervin , He Zhen , Lv Zequn , Salia Nika , Tompkins Casey , Varga Kitti , Zhu Xiutao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe determine the maximum number of copies of in a ‐free ‐vertex graph for all integers and sufficiently large . Moreover, for and any integer , we obtain the maximum number of cycles of length in an ‐vertex ‐free bipartite graph.
Lymph Node Dissection for Melanoma: Contemporary Trends in Postoperative Outcomes and Patient Selection With Reduced Case Volumes in the Post‐MSLT2 Era
Authors: Farooq Mohammad S. , Vargas Gracia M. , Shafique Neha , Guo Jennifer , Miura John T. , Karakousis Giorgos C. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesSince the publication of the German Cooperative Oncology Group Selective Lymphadenectomy Trial and Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trial II (MSLT2) trials, the treatment paradigm for node‐positive melanoma has shifted from completion lymph node dissection (LND) to nodal ultrasound surveillance. We sought to identify the impact of this practice change on postoperative outcomes in a national cohort.MethodsThe American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for patients diagnosed with truncal/extremity malignant melanoma who underwent axillary/inguinal LND. Patients diagnosed with head/neck melanoma with subsequent cervical LND were also analyzed separately. Trends in case volumes, clinicodemographic patient characteristics, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsThere has been a reduction of patients undergoing axillary/inguinal LND in the post‐MSLT2 era (24.1% vs. 19.0%, p < 0.01). Furthermore, these patients are older (63 vs. 59 years, p < 0.01) and have worse systemic comorbidities (ASA class 3+ +54% vs. 42%, p <0.01). Despite this, postoperative outcomes remain unchanged. For cervical LND, no significant changes in case volumes or clinicodemographic factors were found. Apart from an increase in superficial skin infections in the post‐MSLT2 cohort, postoperative outcomes remain largely unchanged.ConclusionsContinued efforts should be made to optimize patient selection and maintain acceptable postoperative morbidity for LND as it becomes more sparingly utilized in the care of patients with melanoma.