bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum levels of n-3 PUFA and colorectal cancer risk in Chinese population
Authors: Shi Dan-Dan , Fang Yu-Jing , Jiang Yi-Ling , Dong Ting , Zhang Zhuo-Lin , Ma Ting , Zhou Ruo-Lin , Ou Qing-Jian , Zhang Cai-Xia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCirculating n-3 PUFA, which integrate endogenous and exogenous n-3 PUFA, can be better used to investigate the relationship between n-3 PUFA and disease. However, studies examining the associations between circulating n-3 PUFA and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk were limited, and the results remained inconclusive. This case–control study aimed to examine the association between serum n-3 PUFA and CRC risk in Chinese population. A total of 680 CRC cases and 680 sex- and age-matched (5-year interval) controls were included. Fatty acids were assayed by GC. OR and 95 % CI were calculated using multivariable logistic regression after adjustment for potential confounders. Higher level of serum α-linolenic acid (ALA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), DHA, long-chain n-3 PUFA and total n-3 PUFA were associated with lower odds of CRC. The adjusted OR and 95 % CI were 0·34 (0·24, 0·49, Pfor trend < 0·001) for ALA, 0·57 (0·40, 0·80, Pfor trend < 0·001) for DPA, 0·48 (0·34, 0·68, Pfor trend < 0·001) for DHA, 0·39 (0·27, 0·56, Pfor trend < 0·001) for long-chain n-3 PUFA and 0·31 (0·22, 0·45, Pfor trend < 0·001) for total n-3 PUFA comparing the highest with the lowest quartile. However, there was no statistically significant association between EPA and odds of CRC. Analysis stratified by sex showed that ALA, DHA, long-chain n-3 PUFA and total n-3 PUFA were inversely associated with odds of CRC in both sexes. This study indicated that serum ALA, DPA, DHA, long-chain n-3 PUFA and total n-3 PUFA were inversely associated with odds of having CRC in Chinese population.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Multispecies security and personhood
Authors: Leep Matthew 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe contributions to this Special Issue examine multispecies perspectives on the political dynamics of international life. Building on this theme, I consider the complex and manifold ways in which the subject of security can be understood in terms of more-than-human personhood. First, by thinking of more-than-human animals as phenomenally conscious persons, we might better appreciate the multispecies complexity of security as an agentic and affective experience. Second, attending to the spiritual character of certain indigenous articulations of personhood presses us to decipher how spiritual claims might inform moral and legal dimensions of multispecies security-seeking behaviour. To illustrate the significance of these moves, I first draw on more-than-human experiences of war, pathogenic viruses, and the global factory farm. I then explore conceptions of spiritual personhood in the context of Ojibwe responsibilities to protect wolves. These perspectives on personhood demonstrate possibilities for cultivating greater interest in the multispecies experience of security.
How can research on past urban adaptations be made useful for sustainability science?
Authors: Smith Michael E. 
Published: February 2023

Non-technical summaryCities in the distant past – as documented by archaeologists and historians – provide an extensive record of urban successes and failures, yet this information has had little impact on the field of sustainability science. I explore two reasons for this situation. First, these scholars have often failed to synthesize their data scientifically, and, second, they have not approached the transfer of past knowledge to present research in a rigorous manner. I organize discussion of these issues around three arguments for the present value of past cities: the urban trajectory argument, the sample size argument, and the laboratory argument.Technical summaryI explore the different ways historical and archaeological data can be deployed to contribute to research on urban sustainability science, emphasizing issues of argumentation and epistemology. I organize the discussion around three types of argument. The urban trajectory argument exploits the long time series of early cities and urban regions to examine change at a long time scale. The sample size argument views the role of early cities as adding to the known sample of settlements to increase understanding of urban similarities and differences. The laboratory argument uses data from past cities to explicitly test models derived from contemporary cities. Each argument is examined for three contrasting epistemological approaches: heuristic analogs, case studies, and quantitative studies. These approaches form a continuum leading from lesser to greater scientific rigor and from qualitative to quantitative frameworks. Much past-to-present argumentation requires inductive logic, also called reasoning by analogy. Sustainability scientists have confused this general form of argument with its weakest version, known as heuristic analogs. I stress ways to improve methods of argumentation, particularly by moving research along the continuum from weaker to stronger arguments.Social media summaryBetter methods of argument allow the past record of urban success and failure to contribute to urban sustainability science.
Modeling the Sea Level Response of the Northern East China Sea to Different Types of Extratropical Cyclones
Authors: Mo Dongxue , Li Jian , Hou Yijun , Hu Po 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSea level response to extratropical cyclones, one of the most disastrous weather systems, varies depending on cyclone types and tracks. This study presents a systematic modeling assessment of storm surge induced by extratropical cyclones in the northern East China Sea using an ocean‐wave coupled model, based on the Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere‐Wave‐Sediment Transport (COAWST) model system. We identified the type of extratropical cyclone most likely to cause disasters and the areas likely to suffer the worst effects. We conducted sensitivity experiments to analyze the driving mechanisms (such as wind, air pressure, tide, and wave) and influencing mechanisms (such as local and remote meteorological effect and Ekman effect) of storm surge. During strong winds, positive and negative storm surges were consistent with the wind direction, and formed source of coastal trapped waves. When an abnormally high water level occurred in a semi‐enclosed sea area, it propagated mainly along the cyclone direction. The energy of coastal trapped waves was easy to dissipate in case of caps and other locations with large topographic changes. Tide‐surge‐wave interaction and propagation were also greatly affected by coastal trapped waves.
Ocean Waves in Large‐Scale Air‐Sea Weather and Climate Systems
Authors: Babanin Alexander V. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn spite of massive efforts directed to development of climate models over recent decades, accurate climate simulations and prediction remain a grand challenge. Large sea surface temperature model bias is one of the key indicators of the problem, among others. Qiao and his team suggested the concept of surface wave‐induced turbulence and elaborated the way for such coupling, through turbulent processes at both sides of the air‐ocean interface. These are the wave mixing in the ocean and wave modulation of air‐sea fluxes. This wave‐ocean coupled approach led to essential improvements of performance of ocean circulation and climate models, essentially introducing the next generation of large‐scale air‐sea interaction models. This Commentary reviews three recent JGR publications where the Qiao theory was implemented. The first paper (Huang & Qiao, 2021; https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016839) reported that the momentum gain by the ocean could be larger than the wind stress input, due to the ocean waves. The second paper (Chen et al., 2022; https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC018360) demonstrated that, also due to waves, the drag coefficients in the atmospheric boundary layer have a spatial asymmetry during tropical cyclones. The third paper (Zhao et al., 2022; https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JC019015), based on combination of wave‐coupled effects on both sides of air‐sea interface, demonstrates their impact on simulation of tropical cyclone intensity. All papers are based on unique in situ measurements and their data analysis. The Commentary is further used as an opportunity to outline and review the current state of the small‐large scale coupling topic with respect to ocean, weather and climate modeling.
RRP15 deficiency induces ribosome stress to inhibit colorectal cancer proliferation and metastasis via LZTS2-mediated β-catenin suppression
Authors: Dong Zhixiong , Li Jinhai , Dai Wenqing , Yu Dongbo , Zhao Youjuan , Liu Shuanghui , Li Xuanwen , Zhang Zhengzheng , Zhang Rui , Liang Xue , Kong Qingran , Jin Shengnan , Jiang Hao , Jiang Wei , Ding Chunming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRibosome biogenesis (RiBi) plays a pivotal role in carcinogenesis by regulating protein translation and stress response. Here, we find that RRP15, a nucleolar protein critical for RiBi and checkpoint control, is frequently upregulated in primary CRCs and higher RRP15 expression positively correlated with TNM stage (P < 0.0001) and poor survival of CRC patients (P = 0.0011). Functionally, silencing RRP15 induces ribosome stress, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis, resulting in suppression of cell proliferation and metastasis. Overexpression of RRP15 promotes cell proliferation and metastasis. Mechanistically, ribosome stress induced by RRP15 deficiency facilitates translation of TOP mRNA LZTS2 (Leucine zipper tumor suppressor 2), leading to the nuclear export and degradation of β-catenin to suppress Wnt/β-catenin signaling in CRC. In conclusion, ribosome stress induced by RRP15 deficiency inhibits CRC cell proliferation and metastasis via suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, suggesting a potential new target in high-RiBi CRC patients.
Glacial lake outburst floods threaten millions globally
Authors: Taylor Caroline , Robinson Tom R. , Dunning Stuart , Rachel Carr J. , Westoby Matthew 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGlacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) represent a major hazard and can result in significant loss of life. Globally, since 1990, the number and size of glacial lakes has grown rapidly along with downstream population, while socio-economic vulnerability has decreased. Nevertheless, contemporary exposure and vulnerability to GLOFs at the global scale has never been quantified. Here we show that 15 million people globally are exposed to impacts from potential GLOFs. Populations in High Mountains Asia (HMA) are the most exposed and on average live closest to glacial lakes with ~1 million people living within 10 km of a glacial lake. More than half of the globally exposed population are found in just four countries: India, Pakistan, Peru, and China. While HMA has the highest potential for GLOF impacts, we highlight the Andes as a region of concern, with similar potential for GLOF impacts to HMA but comparatively few published research studies.
Archaeal DNA-import apparatus is homologous to bacterial conjugation machinery
Authors: Beltran Leticia C. , Cvirkaite-Krupovic Virginija , Miller Jessalyn , Wang Fengbin , Kreutzberger Mark A. B. , Patkowski Jonasz B. , Costa Tiago R. D. , Schouten Stefan , Levental Ilya , Conticello Vincent P. , Egelman Edward H. , Krupovic Mart 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConjugation is a major mechanism of horizontal gene transfer promoting the spread of antibiotic resistance among human pathogens. It involves establishing a junction between a donor and a recipient cell via an extracellular appendage known as the mating pilus. In bacteria, the conjugation machinery is encoded by plasmids or transposons and typically mediates the transfer of cognate mobile genetic elements. Much less is known about conjugation in archaea. Here, we determine atomic structures by cryo-electron microscopy of three conjugative pili, two from hyperthermophilic archaea (Aeropyrum pernixandPyrobaculum calidifontis) and one encoded by the Ti plasmid of the bacteriumAgrobacterium tumefaciens, and show that the archaeal pili are homologous to bacterial mating pili. However, the archaeal conjugation machinery, known as Ced, has been ‘domesticated’, that is, the genes for the conjugation machinery are encoded on the chromosome rather than on mobile genetic elements, and mediates the transfer of cellular DNA.
Complex plasma research under microgravity conditions
Authors: Thoma Markus. H. , Thomas Hubertus M. , Knapek Christina A. , Melzer Andre , Konopka Uwe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe future of complex plasma research under microgravity condition, in particular on the International Space Station ISS, is discussed. First, the importance of this research and the benefit of microgravity investigations are summarized. Next, the key knowledge gaps, which could be topics of future microgravity research are identified. Here not only fundamental aspects are proposed but also important applications for lunar exploration as well as artificial intelligence technology are discussed. Finally, short, middle and long-term recommendations for complex plasma research under microgravity are given.
Using optimal controlled singlet spin order to accurately target molecular signal in MRI and MRS
Authors: Xin Jia-Xiang , Yang Guang , Zhang Huojun , Li Jianqi , Fu Caixia , Wang Jiachen , Tong Rui , Ren Yan , Wei Da-Xiu , Yao Ye-Feng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have made great successes in clinical diagnosis, medical research, and neurological science. MRI provides high resolution anatomical images of tissues/organs, and MRS provides information of the functional molecules related to a specific tissue/organ. However, it is difficult for classic MRI/MRS to selectively image/probe a specific metabolite molecule other than the water or fat in tissues/organs. This greatly limits their applications on the study of the molecular mechanism(s) of metabolism and disease. Herein, we report a series of molecularly targeted MRI/MRS methods to target specific molecules. The optimal control method was used to efficiently prepare the singlet spin orders of varied multi-spin systems and in turn greatly expand the choice of the targeted molecules in the molecularly targeted MRI/MRS. Several molecules, such as N-acetyl-l-aspartic acid (NAA), dopamine (DA), and a tripeptide (alanine-glycine-glycine, AGG), have been used as targeted molecules for molecularly targeted MRI and MRS. We show in vivo NAA-targeted 1H MRS spectrum of a human brain. The high-resolution signal of NAA suggests a promising way to study important issues in molecular biology at the molecular level, e.g., measuring the local pH value of tissue in vivo, demonstrating the high potential of such methods in medicine.
A novel ZnS-CdS nanocomposite as a visible active photocatalyst for degradation of synthetic and real wastewaters
Authors: Khodamorady Minoo , Bahrami Kiumars 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, new magnetic nanocomposites with shell core structure with different molar ratios of ZnS-CdS were synthesized and their photocatalytic activity in dye removal from synthetic and real effluents in the presence of mercury high pressure lamp as a visible light source was investigated. Optimal photocatalyst with molar ratio of ZnS-CdS 0.25:0.75 showed the best performance in dye removal. Based on the particle distribution histogram of Fe3O4@BNPs@ZnS-CdS (ZnS/CdS: 0.25:0.75), particles with 60–100 nm have the highest abundance. According to the DRS results, hybridization of zinc sulfide with cadmium sulfide reduced the gap and as a result, light absorption was successfully extended to the visible area. The PL results confirm that the optimal photocatalyst (Fe3O4@BNPs@ZnS-CdS) has the lowest electron–hole recombination compared to Fe3O4@BNPs@ZnS and Fe3O4@BNPs@CdS. It should be noted that according to the DLS results, the charge on the optical photocomposite surface is negative at all acidic, alkaline and neutral pHs. One of the significant advantages in this study is the use of high-pressure mercury lamps as a light source, so that these lamps are very economical in terms of economy and also have a long life and excellent efficiency. The optimal photocatalyst not only showed excellent photocatalytic activity for the removal of methylene blue (96.6%) and methyl orange (70.9%) but also for the dye removal of textile effluents (Benton 98.5% and dark olive 100%). Introduced magnetic heterostructures are suitable options for dye removal from textile and spinning wastewaters.
Efficient methodology with potential uses of Fresnel diffractometry for real-time study of uniaxial nematic liquid crystal phase transitions
Authors: Madadi Narges , Amiri Mohammad 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDue to the different features of their various phases and expanding physical understanding, liquid crystals (LCs) play a fundamental and crucial role in contemporary technology. Recently, they have also been utilised in adaptive optics, active switching, and next-generation displays for augmented and virtual reality. In order to determine relevant quantities for thermotropic uniaxial nematic liquid crystals (NLCs), our aim is to assess the applicability of a ground-breaking method. The method being discussed is based on Fresnel diffraction (FD) from phase objects, which has been employed over the past 20 years in several accurate and precise metrological applications. Using a phase step and quantitatively registering the visibility of the diffraction patterns, diffractometry can transform any change in the order of LCs brought on by a change in temperature into a change in the optical phase. Owing to its low sensitivity to environmental vibrations, inherent compactness, and ease of set up, diffractometry can be used much more effectively than interferometry. Additionally, as a special major feature, if the various phases of a LC have the required transparency, it is possible to record the number of phases in the bulk of the LC, the surface ordering, and the approximate temperature of the phase transitions in a single-shot imaging by applying a suitable temperature gradient. The numerical computations and practical data comparisons from our theoretical considerations demonstrate a very high level of agreement with the output from other currently used methodologies. As we shall see, by addressing some of the faults and inadequacies of existing techniques, this strategy has the potential to both complement and strengthen them.
The effect of Computer Assisted Rehabilitation Environment (CAREN) in cognitive impairment and coping strategies in Parkinson's disease: a preliminary study
Authors: Formica Caterina , Bonanno Lilla , Latella Desiree , Ferrera Maria Cristina , Maresca Giuseppa , Logiudice Anna Lisa , Sorbera Chiara , Brigandì Amelia , Di Lorenzo Giuseppe , Marino Silvia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractParkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by different motor, vegetative, behavioral, and cognitive impairments, with worsening quality of life. Virtual reality devices have given promising results in neurorehabilitation as they can provide multisensory stimulation in a realistic environment. This study aims to test the efficacy of virtual reality training by using Computer Assisted Rehabilitation Environment in cognitive impairment in a sample of PD. 31 patients affected by PD were enrolled. All PD patients underwent 24 sessions of Computer Assisted Rehabilitation Environment training. The participants were assessed at baseline (T0) and after two months (T1). Our results suggested that Computer Assisted Rehabilitation Environment training may be effective in the cognitive and emotional domains, particularly by improving executive function, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. These changes have helped to improve self-efficacy and coping strategies. These results indicate greater cognitive and physical effort to overcome stressors. Our results show that Computer Assisted Rehabilitation Environment training was beneficial in improving cognitive functions. Longer duration training may be especially beneficial for patients with mild cognitive impairment. Our findings open the door to tailored personalized treatments based on the patient's motor and cognitive profiles.
Efficacy of high-volume vs very low volume corticosteroid subacromial injection in subacromial impingement syndrome: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Apivatgaroon Adinun , Srimongkolpitak Surasak , Boonsun Phanuwat , Chernchujit Bancha , Sanguanjit Prakasit 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSubacromial corticosteroid injections (SCI) treat shoulder pain from subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS). However, a high-volume corticosteroid injection (HVCI) increases the incidence of local and general complications from lidocaine. This study aimed to compare the results of functional and clinical outcomes between the very low-volume corticosteroid injection (VLVCI) and HVCI including to WORC (Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index), VAS (Visual Analog Scale), DASH (The disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand) and ROM (Range of Motion). A total of 64 patients presenting with SIS were evaluated in two SCI volume in a randomization-controlled trial study. The VAS for pain pre-injection and post-injection at 15 min, was from 5.34 ± 2.44 at before injection to 2.44 ± 1.58 at post injection 15 min in the HVCI group (P < 0.001) and from 5.19 ± 2.33 to 2.84 ± 1.49 in VLVCI group (P < 0.001). Not significant differences at mean difference VAS post-injection 15 min VAS (P = 0.324) and Percentage difference VAS pre-injection and post-injection (P = 0.24). All follow-up timing, there were no significant differences in WORC, DASH and ROM between two groups (P > 0.05). The results revealed the VLVCI is non-inferior to HVCI both of functional outcomes and VAS.
Cardiothoracic ratio values and trajectories are associated with risk of requiring dialysis and mortality in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Chou Che-Yi , Wang Charles C. N. , Chiang Hsiu-Yin , Huang Chien-Fong , Hsiao Ya-Luan , Sun Chuan-Hu , Hu Chun-Sheng , Wu Min-Yen , Chen Sheng-Hsuan , Chang Chun-Min , Lin Yu-Ting , Wang Jie-Sian , Hong Yu-Cuyan , Ting I-Wen , Yeh Hung-Chieh , Kuo Chin-Chi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The prognostic role of the cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains undetermined.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 3117 patients with CKD aged 18–89 years who participated in an Advanced CKD Care Program in Taiwan between 2003 and 2017 with a median follow up of 1.3(0.7–2.5) and 3.3(1.8–5.3) (IQR) years for outcome of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and overall death, respectively. We developed a machine learning (ML)–based algorithm to calculate the baseline and serial CTRs, which were then used to classify patients into trajectory groups based on latent class mixed modelling. Association and discrimination were evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses and C-statistics, respectively.

Results
The median (interquartile range) age of 3117 patients is 69.5 (59.2–77.4) years. We create 3 CTR trajectory groups (low [30.1%], medium [48.1%], and high [21.8%]) for the 2474 patients with at least 2 CTR measurements. The adjusted hazard ratios for ESRD, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality in patients with baseline CTRs ≥0.57 (vs CTRs <0.47) are 1.35 (95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.72), 2.89 (1.78–4.71), and 1.50 (1.22–1.83), respectively. Similarly, greater effect sizes, particularly for cardiovascular mortality, are observed for high (vs low) CTR trajectories. Compared with a reference model, one with CTR as a continuous variable yields significantly higher C-statistics of 0.719 (vs 0.698, P = 0.04) for cardiovascular mortality and 0.697 (vs 0.693, P < 0.001) for all-cause mortality.

Conclusions
Our findings support the real-world prognostic value of the CTR, as calculated by a ML annotation tool, in CKD. Our research presents a methodological foundation for using machine learning to improve cardioprotection among patients with CKD.