bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol synthase is essential for mitochondrial structure and energy production in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Zhang Qiyue , Boundjou Nikabou Batigma , Jia Lijun , Wang Xinliang , Zhou Ling , Peisker Helga , Li Qing , Guo Liang , Dörmann Peter , Lyu Dianqiu , Zhou Yonghong 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYCytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol (CDP‐DAG), an important intermediate for glycerolipid biosynthesis, is synthesized under the catalytic activity of CDP‐DAG synthase (CDS) to produce anionic phosphoglycerolipids such as phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and cardiolipin (CL). Previous studies showed that Arabidopsis CDSs are encoded by a small gene family, termed CDS1–CDS5, the members of which are integral membrane proteins in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and in plastids. However, the details on how CDP‐DAG is provided for mitochondrial membrane‐specific phosphoglycerolipids are missing. Here we present the identification of a mitochondrion‐specific CDS, designated CDS6. Enzymatic activity of CDS6 was demonstrated by the complementation of CL synthesis in the yeast CDS‐deficient tam41Δ mutant. The Arabidopsis cds6 mutant lacking CDS6 activity showed decreased mitochondrial PG and CL biosynthesis capacity, a severe growth deficiency finally leading to plant death. These defects were rescued partly by complementation with CDS6 or supplementation with PG and CL. The ultrastructure of mitochondria in cds6 was abnormal, missing the structures of cristae. The degradation of triacylglycerol (TAG) in lipid droplets and starch in chloroplasts in the cds6 mutant was impaired. The expression of most differentially expressed genes involved in the mitochondrial electron transport chain was upregulated, suggesting an energy‐demanding stage in cds6. Furthermore, the contents of polar glycerolipids in cds6 were dramatically altered. In addition, cds6 seedlings lost the capacity for cell proliferation and showed a higher oxidase activity. Thus, CDS6 is indispensable for the biosynthesis of PG and CL in mitochondria, which is critical for establishing mitochondrial structure, TAG degradation, energy production and seedling development.
Differences in phytohormone and flavonoid metabolism explain the sex differences in responses of Salix rehderiana to drought and nitrogen deposition
Authors: Cai Zeyu , Fu Mingyue , Yao Yuan , Chen Yao , Song Haifeng , Zhang Sheng 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYDue to global warming and the increase in nitrogen oxide emissions, plants experience drought and nitrogen (N) deposition. However, little is known about the acclimation to drought and N deposition of Salix species, which are dioecious woody plants. Here, an investigation into foliar N deposition combined with drought was conducted by assessing integrated phenotypes, phytohormones, transcriptomics, and metabolomics of male and female Salix rehderiana. The results indicated that there was greater transcriptional regulation in males than in females. Foliar N deposition induced an increase in foliar abscisic acid (ABA) levels in males, resulting in the inhibition of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, carbon (C) and N accumulation, and growth, whereas more N was assimilated in females. Growth as well as C and N accumulation in drought‐stressed S. rehderiana females increased after N deposition. Interestingly, drought decreased flavonoid biosynthesis whereas N deposition increased it in females. Both drought and N deposition increased flavonoid methylation in males and glycosylation in females. However, in drought‐exposed S. rehderiana, N deposition increased the biosynthesis and glycosylation of flavonoids in females but decreased glycosylation in males. Therefore, foliar N deposition affects the growth and drought tolerance of S. rehderiana by altering the foliar ABA levels and the biosynthesis and modification of flavonoids. This work provides a basis for understanding how S. rehderiana may acclimate to N deposition and drought in the future.
Herbicide‐resistant barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus‐galli) in global rice production
Authors: Damalas Christos A. , Koutroubas Spyridon D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBarnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) Beauv.), an annual species of the family Poaceae, is a major weed problem in rice‐producing countries throughout the globe. Synthetic herbicides can effectively control this grass in rice paddies, but the development of resistant biotypes after the continuous use of the same active ingredients has led to low herbicide efficacy and yield losses. In this review, a summary of resistant‐barnyardgrass cases in global rice production is reported based on data from the International Herbicide‐Resistant Weed Database. The first case of resistant barnyardgrass in rice paddies was to the photosystem‐II inhibitor propanil in the late 1980s. Eighty‐five (85) out of 116 cases in the period from 1986 to 2022 refer to resistant barnyardgrass (E. crus‐galli var. crus‐galli, E. crus‐galli var. formosensis and E. crus‐galli var. zelayensis) in 16 countries. Barnyardgrass has been found resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors (34 cases), acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors (23 cases), photosystem‐II inhibitors (11 cases), auxin mimics/cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (9 cases), very long chain fatty acid inhibitors (6 cases), and microtubule assembly inhibitors (1 case). The majority of all resistance cases reported to the active ingredients penoxsulam, bispyribac‐sodium, and imazamox (ALS inhibitors), cyhalofop‐butyl and fenoxaprop‐ethyl (ACCase inhibitors), propanil (photosystem‐II inhibitors), and quinclorac (auxin mimics/cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors). Although target‐site resistance with specific mutations has been identified, non‐target site resistance mainly through herbicide detoxification is also of great concern increasing the chance of multiple herbicide resistance evolution. Rotation of herbicides should be adopted concerning the modes of action used as well as the application methods to mitigate resistance evolution of this weed in rice paddies.
Activity Distribution Among the Hamstring Muscles During the Nordic Hamstring Exercise: A Multichannel Surface Electromyography Study
Authors: Suskens Jozef J.M. , Reurink Gustaaf , Tol Johannes L. , Kerkhoffs Gino M.M.J. , Goedhart Edwin A. , Maas Huub , van Dieën Jaap H. 
Published: February 2023

This study assessed activity distribution among the hamstring muscles during the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE). The objective was to compare muscle activity between and within muscles during the NHE to add insights in its underlying protective mechanism. Through multichannel electromyography, we measured muscle activity in male basketball players during the NHE. Electromyography was assessed at 15 locations: 5 for biceps femoris long head, 4 for semitendinosus, and 6 for semimembranosus. For each percent of the eccentric phase of the NHE, muscle activity was calculated for each electrode location within each hamstring muscle individually. To quantify whole muscle head activity, means and variances across electrodes within each muscle were calculated. Thirty-five noninjured participants were included (mean age, 18 [2] y; mass, 87 [12] kg; height, 192 [9] cm). Heterogeneous muscle activity was found between 38% and 62% and over the whole eccentric contraction phase within the semitendinosus and the semimembranosus, respectively. Muscle activity of the semitendinosus was significantly higher than that of the biceps femoris long head. During the NHE, the relative contribution of the semitendinosus is the highest among hamstring muscles. Its strong contribution may compensate for the biceps femoris long head, the most commonly injured hamstring muscle head.
Diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy
Authors: Ali Hossam Mohamed Abd-elnaby , Syeda Nasreen 
Published: February 2023

The clinical presentation of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) includes nausea, vomiting, thirst, polyuria, polydipsia, abdominal pain, tachypnoea, and change in mental status in cases of severe DKA. DKA is similar in pregnant and non-pregnant women, but in pregnant women it can be seen at lower serum glucose levels and symptoms may develop more rapidly. Most, but not all, cases occur in the second or third trimester.DKA results in reduction in uteroplacental blood flow due to osmotic diuresis, and also in metabolic abnormalities (maternal acidosis, hyperglycaemia, electrolyte imbalance), resulting in fetal hypoxaemia and acidosis. In fetuses with mature cardiac activity, the fetal heart rate may show minimal or absent variability, repetitive deceleration and absence of acceleration. These abnormalities in heart rate usually resolve with resolution of the DKA, which may last for several hours before normalisation.For the patient reported on here, immediate delivery based on pathological fetal heart rate would have resulted in preterm delivery and jeopardised the maternal clinical condition. However, a holistic clinical approach by the multidisciplinary team to management of the patient led to normal term delivery 5 weeks after presentation with DKA; fetal and maternal outcome were good.
Bibliometric analysis of authorship patterns in publications from a research group at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 2016–2020
Authors: Shambe Iornum , Thomas Katherine , Bradley John , Marchant Tanya , Weiss Helen A , Webb Emily L 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundAuthors from low and middle-income country (LMIC) institutions are under-represented in publications of research based in LMICs. This case study of publications from authors within the Medical Research Council International Statistics and Epidemiology Group (MRC-ISEG), a global health research group affiliated to the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine in the UK, aims to describe patterns in authorship and factors associated with under-representation.MethodsPapers were included if they were published between January 2016 and December 2020 inclusive, included an author from the MRC-ISEG and described work conducted in a LMIC. Authors’ affiliations were classified using World Bank country income classifications into LMIC affiliations only, high-income country (HIC) affiliations only and mixed LMIC/HIC affiliations. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations of author affiliation category with authorship position, and whether patterns varied by journal impact factor quartile and multiple versus single-country studies.ResultsA total of 882 papers, including 10 570 authors describing research conducted in 61 LMICs, were included. Compared with authors of HIC-only affiliation, those with LMIC-only affiliation were less likely to be in first authorship position (relative risk ratio (RRR)=0.51, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.60) and mixed HIC/LMIC affiliation authors were more likely (RRR=2.80, 95% CI 2.35 to 3.34). Compared with authors of HIC-only affiliation, those with LMIC-only affiliation were less likely to be in last authorship position (RRR=0.20, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.24) and those with mixed HIC/LMIC affiliations were more likely (RRR=1.95, 95% CI 1.65 to 2.30). The proportion of senior authors with LMIC-only affiliation was lowest for the highest impact journals, and in multicountry versus single-country studies.ConclusionAlongside increasing research capacity within LMICs, HIC institutions should ensure that LMIC-affiliated researchers are properly represented in global research. Academics working in global health should be judged on their involvement in representative collaborative research rather than individual achievements in authorship position.
Social, health and economic impact of COVID-19: Healthy Ageing In Scotland (HAGIS) – a protocol for a mixed-methods study
Authors: Arakelyan Stella , Brown Tamara , McCabe Louise , McGregor Lesley , Comerford David , Dawson Alison , Bell David , Douglas Cristina , Houston John , Douglas Elaine 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionPublic health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have reaped adverse physical, psychological, social and economic effects, with older adults disproportionally affected. Psychological consequences of the pandemic include fear, worry and anxiety. COVID-19 fear may impact individuals’ mitigation behaviours, influencing their willingness to (re)engage in health, social and economic behaviours. This study seeks (1) to develop a robust and evidence-based questionnaire to measure the prevalence of COVID-19 fear among older adults (aged ≥50) in Scotland and (2) to examine the impact of COVID-19 fear on the willingness of older adults to (re)engage across health, social and economic domains as society adjusts to the ‘new normal’ and inform policy and practice.Methods and analysisThis mixed-method study includes a large-scale multimodal survey, focus groups and interviews with older adults (aged ≥50) living in Scotland, and an email-based ‘e-Delphi’ consultation with professionals working with older adults. The COVID-19 fear scale was developed and validated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Survey data will be analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Thematic analysis will be used to analyse qualitative data. Survey and qualitative findings will be triangulated and used as the starting point for an ‘e-Delphi’ consensus consultation with expert stakeholders.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the University of Stirling for multimodal survey development, fieldwork methodology and data management. Anonymised survey data will be deposited with the UK Data Service, with a link provided via the Gateway to Global Ageing. Qualitative data will be deposited with the University of Stirling online digital repository—DataSTORRE. A dedicated work package will oversee dissemination via a coproduced project website, conference presentations, rapid reports and national and international peer-reviewed journal articles. There is planned engagement with Scottish and UK policy makers to contribute to the UK government’s COVID-19 recovery strategy.
Need to clamp indwelling urinary catheters before removal after different durations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Sumin , Gu Jiayi , Fan Xiaoyan 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveThis meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of bladder training by clamping on bladder urethral function in patients with indwelling urinary catheters used for different durations.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesThe UpToDate, Cochrane Library, OVID, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, CINAHL and Embase were screened from 1 January 2000 to 28 February 2022.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-experimental designs comparing the efficacy of bladder training in patients with an indwelling urinary catheter by clamping or free drainage before urinary catheter removal were published in English or Chinese.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers independently extracted the data and assessed the quality of studies. Continuous variables were analysed using mean difference and standardised mean difference (SMD) values with a 95% CI. Categorical variables were analysed using relative risk (RR) and 95% CI.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was urinary tract infection incidence, and secondary outcomes included hours to first voiding, incidence of urinary retention and recatheterisation and residual urine volume.ResultsSeventeen papers (15 RCTs and 2 quasi-RCTs) comprising 3908 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results of the meta-analysis showed that the clamping group had a significantly higher risk of urinary tract infections (RR=1.47; 95% CI 1.26 to 1.72; p<0.00001) and a longer hour to first void (SMD=0.19; 95% CI 0.08 to 0.29; p=0.0004) compared with the free drainage group. Subgroup analysis of indwelling urinary catheter use durations of ≤7 days indicated that clamping significantly increased the risk of urinary tract infection (RR=1.69; 95% CI 1.42 to 2.02, p<0.00001) and lengthens the interval to first void (SMD=0.26, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.41, p=0.0008) compared with free drainage.ConclusionsBladder training by clamping indwelling urinary catheters increases the incidence of urinary tract infection and lengthens the hours to first void in patients with indwelling urinary catheters use durations of ≤7 days compared with the free drainage. However, the effect of clamping training on patients with an indwelling urinary catheter use duration of >7 days is unclear.
Intensive community and home-based treatments for eating disorders: a scoping review study protocol
Authors: İnce Başak , Phillips Matthew , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionInstitutionally based intensive treatment modalities (inpatient, day patient and residential treatments) for eating disorders (EDs) are associated with high treatment costs and significant challenges for patients and carers, including access difficulties and disruption to daily routines. Intensive community and home-based treatments have been suggested as alternatives to institutionally based intensive treatments for other severe mental illnesses, with promising clinical, social and health economic outcomes. The possible advantages of these treatments have been proposed for EDs, but this emerging area of research has not yet been systematically investigated. This scoping review aims to map the available literature on intensive community and home treatments for EDs, focusing on their conceptualisation, implementation and clinical outcomes.MethodsThis proposed scoping review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol extension for Scoping Reviews checklist and the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer’s Manual. This review will include any peer-reviewed study concerning intensive community and home-based treatments for any EDs, with no restrictions on geographical context or study design. Grey literature will also be considered. The literature search will be conducted in four databases: PubMed, PsycInfo, MEDLINE and Web of Science. Two researchers will independently screen the titles, abstracts and text of the returned articles for eligibility. Data charting and analysis will consist of a narrative description of the included studies, quantitative and qualitative findings relative to the aims of this scoping review. Gaps in the literature will be highlighted to inform future research, clinical practice, and policy.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as all data are available from public sources. The results of this scoping review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication, conference presentation, and social media.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of COVID-19 in rural Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Siddiquea Bodrun Naher , Afroz Afsana , Chowdhury Mohammad Rocky Khan , Savira Feby , Alif Sheikh M , Bhattacharya Oashe , Hossain Md Nassif , Ali Liaquat , Chowdhury Hasina Akhter , Shetty Aishwarya , Islam Md Shariful , Billah Baki 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesUnderstanding the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of COVID-19 within distinct populations may aid further public health messaging. This study’s aims were to explore KAP towards COVID-19 in rural Bangladesh and identify any potential links to sociodemographics, existing clinical conditions and sources of information.DesignCross-sectional community-based study.SettingParticipants were recruited from 18 villages using multistage cluster random sampling.MethodsData were collected through face-to-face interviews, from June to November 2021, using a structured questionnaire. Data included sociodemographics, clinical conditions, sources of information and KAP of COVID-19 questions. Χ2test, multiple logistic regression and correlation analyses were performed.ResultsA total of 1603 participants were included with mean ages of 42.3±14.2 years, ranging from 18 to 60 years. Of these, 51% were male, 42.2% had secondary education and 45% had comorbidities. Television was the main source of COVID-19 information (55.8%). The overall correct response rate of KAP questions was 90%, 78% and 59%, respectively. In stepwise multiple logistic regression, good knowledge was associated with higher education (adjusted OR (AOR): 4.61, 95% CI: 2.40 to 8.85, p<0.001), employment, high body mass index (overweight and obese) and trust in the sources of information. Being female (AOR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.19 to 1.85, p<0.001), having depression (AOR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.34 to 2.43, p<0.001), being a past smoker and sources of information (family members/friends/relatives/neighbours) were associated with positive attitudes. Good practices were associated with older age (AOR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.10 to 2.11, p=0.01), higher education (AOR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.58 to 4.89, p<0.001) and having anxiety, while current smokers and fully vaccinated people were less likely to be engaged in good practices. Positive significant correlations between domains of KAP were observed as well as between past vaccination KAP and COVID-19 KAP.ConclusionThis study uncovered gaps in understanding and practices, and identified targeted intervention especially for young and less educated people using mass media to promote updated knowledge regarding COVID-19 and the efficacy of preventive practices.
Treatment outcomes and its associated factors among pneumonia patients admitted to public hospitals in Harar, eastern Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study
Authors: Jambo Abera , Gashaw Tigist , Mohammed Ammas Siraj , Edessa Dumessa 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveAlthough there is a high risk of drug resistance, empiric treatment is a common approach for pneumonia management. In this respect, it is relevant to know treatment outcomes of patients with pneumonia. This study aimed to assess treatment outcomes and its associated factors among pneumonia patients treated at two public hospitals in Harar, eastern Ethiopia.DesignRetrospective follow-up study.SettingJugal General Hospital and Hiwot Fana Specialised University Hospital in Harar, eastern Ethiopia.ParticipantsPatients admitted and treated for pneumonia in the two public hospitals in eastern Ethiopia between April 2020 and April 2021.Primary outcomeThe primary outcome was unfavourable treatment outcome (died or transferred to intensive care unit) for pneumonia patients.ResultsA total of 693 patients with pneumonia were included in the study. 88 (12.7%) of these patients had an unfavourable treatment outcome, which included 14 (2%) transfers to the intensive care unit and 74 (10.7%) deaths. Patients with comorbidity (adjusted OR, AOR=2.96; 95% CI: 1.47 to 5.97) and with clinical features including abnormal body temperature (AOR=4.03; 95% CI: 2.14 to 7.58), tachycardia (AOR=2.57; 95% CI: 1.45 to 4.55), bradypnoea or tachypnoea (AOR=3.92; 95% CI:1.94 to 7.92), oxygen saturation below 90% (AOR=2.52; 95% CI:1.37 to 4.64) and leucocytosis (AOR=2.78, 95%, CI:1.38 to 5.58) had a significantly increased unfavourable treatment outcome.ConclusionWe found that nearly one out of eight patients with pneumonia had unfavourable treatment outcomes. It was considerably high among patients with comorbidities and apparent abnormal clinical conditions. Therefore, taking into account regionally adaptable intervention and paying close attention to pneumonia patients admitted with comorbidity and other superimposed abnormal conditions might help improve the treatment outcomes of these populations.