bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antileishmanial Activity of Natural Diterpenoids: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mirzania Foroogh , Ghasemian Yadegari Javad , Salimikia Iraj 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Infections that occur by protozoa are a chief universal issue for health, with wide
endemicity in the involved areas. In the absence of a vaccine, there is an immediate requirement
for efficient medications to replace those in common applications. However, their
low effectiveness, lengthy treatment regimen, high poisoning, detrimental side effects of
drugs and expensive prices require the need for superior medicine; these are all the factors
that make leishmaniasis vaccines unavailable in the near future. Therefore, there is an immediate
requirement to discover unique antileishmanial drugs with fine power and preferable
remedial profile. Even though most of the medications are still derived from medicinal
plant origins, the concern in higher plants as the origin of new bioactive natural compounds
has been enhanced in recent years. The present study is a review of reports of naturally occurring
diterpenoids extracted from plants and exhibiting anti-leishmaniasis activity. This review article refers to
25 plant species, their families, the portion used and the type of extract investigated. It also includes 88 diterpenoids
extracted and identified from higher plant species, which are classified into chemically and structurally
suitable groups. A number of recent reports and anti-leishmaniasis activities on natural compounds are discussed.
This article provides a good overview of the future of leishmaniasis drug discovery.
Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass-derived Carbohydrates to Ethyl Levulinate
Authors: Shan Jianrong , Hao Hengyu , Shen Feng , Yang Jirui , Qiu Mo , Wang Ruigang , Guo Haixin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Recently, levulinic acid as an important bio-based platform compound has attracted wide attention, and
its potential application value is very high. This article focuses on chem-catalytic produced ethyl levulinate (EL)
from biomass-derived carbohydrates (C6 carbohydrates) via multiple reaction pathways, which has an energy density
comparable to gasoline and has great potential as a fuel additive. This review focuses on recent examples of the
synthesis of EL from various materials using homogenous or heterogeneous catalysts. Special emphasis is placed
on the understanding of the reaction mechanism and pathways. This review also summarizes the future opportunities
and challenges associated with the applications of EL as a fuel additive and in other fields.
Effect of Personalized Email-Based Reminders on Participants’ Timeliness in an Online Education Program: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bälter Olle , Jemstedt Andreas , Javan Abraham Feben , Persson Osowski Christine , Mugisha Reuben , Bälter Katarina 
Published: August 2023

Background
Postsecondary students need to be able to handle self-regulated learning and manage schedules set by instructors. This is particularly the case with online courses, as they often come with a limited number of social reminders and less information directly from the teacher compared to courses with physical presence. This may increase procrastination and reduce timeliness of the students. Reminders may be a tool to improve the timeliness of students’ study behavior, but previous research shows that the effect of reminders differs between types of reminders, whether the reminder is personalized or general, and depending on the background of the students. In the worst cases, reminders can even increase procrastination.

Objective
The aim of this study was to test if personalized email reminders, as compared to general email reminders, affect the time to completion of scheduled online coursework. The personalized reminders included information on which page in the online material the participants ought to be on at the present point in time and the last page they were on during their last session. The general reminders only contained the first part of this information: where they ought to be at the present point in time.

Methods
Weekly email reminders were sent to all participants enrolled in an online program, which included 39 professional learners from three East African countries. All participants in the Online Education for Leaders in Nutrition and Sustainability program, which uses a question-based learning methodology, were randomly assigned to either personalized or general reminders. The structure of the study was AB-BA, so that group A received personalized reminders for the first unit, then general reminders for the rest of the course, while group B started with general reminders and received personalized reminders only in the third (and last) unit in the course.

Results
In total, 585 email reminders were distributed, of which 390 were general reminders and 195 were personalized. A Bayesian mixed-effects logistic regression was used to estimate the difference in the probability of being on time with one’s studies. The probability of being on time was 14 percentage points (95% credible interval 3%-25%) higher following personalized reminders compared to that following general reminders. For a course with 100 participants, this means 14 more students would be on time.

Conclusions
Personalized reminders had a greater positive effect than general reminders for a group of adults working full-time while enrolled in our online educational program. Considering how small the intervention was—adding a few words with the page number the student ought to be on to a reminder—we consider this effect fairly substantial. This intervention could be repeated manually by anyone and in large courses with some basic programming.
Oral Health, Social and Emotional Well-Being, and Economic Costs: Protocol for the Second Australian National Child Oral Health Survey
Authors: Jamieson Lisa , Luzzi Liana , Chrisopoulos Sergio , Roberts Rachel , Arrow Peter , Kularatna Sanjeewa , Mittinty Murthy , Haag Dandara , Ribeiro Santiago Pedro Henrique , Mejia Gloria 
Published: August 2023

Background
Given the significant investment of governments and families into the provision of child dental care services in Australia, continued population oral health surveillance through national oral health surveys is imperative.

Objective
The aims of this study are to conduct a second National Child Oral Health Survey (NCOHS-2) to (1) describe the prevalence, extent, and impact of oral diseases in contemporary Australian children; (2) evaluate changes in the prevalence and extent of oral diseases in the Australian child population and socioeconomic subgroups since the first National Child Oral Health Study (NCOHS-1) in 2012-2013; and (3) use economic modeling to evaluate the burden of child oral disease from the NCOHS-1 and NCOHS-2 and to estimate the cost-effectiveness of targeted programs for high-risk child groups.

Methods
The NCOHS-2 will closely mimic the NCOHS-1 in being a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of Australian children aged 5-14 years. The survey will comprise oral epidemiological examinations and questionnaires to elucidate associations between dental disease in a range of outcomes, including social and emotional well-being. The information will be analyzed within the context of dental service organization and delivery at national and jurisdictional levels. Information from the NCOHS-1 and NCOHS-2 will be used to simulate oral disease and its economic burden using both health system and household costs of childhood oral health disease.

Results
Participant recruitment for the NCOHS-2 will commence in February 2024. The first results are expected to be submitted for publication 6 months after NCOHS-2 data collection has been completed. Thematic workshops with key partners and stakeholders will also occur at this time.

Conclusions
Regular surveillance of child oral health at an Australian level facilitates timely policy and planning of each state and territory’s dental public health sector. This is imperative to enable the most equitable distribution of scarce public monies, especially for socially disadvantaged children who bear the greatest dental disease burden. The last NCOHS was conducted in 2012-2014, meaning that these data need to be updated to better inform effective dental health policy and planning. The NCOHS-2 will enable more up-to-date estimates of dental disease prevalence and severity among Australian children, with cost-effective analysis being useful to determine the economic burden of poor child dental health on social and emotional well-being and other health indicators.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/52233
Augmentation of a multidisciplinary team meeting with a clinical decision support system to triage breast cancer patients in the United Kingdom
Authors: Martin Martha , Kristeleit Hartmut , Ruta Danny , Karampera Christina , Hekmat Rezzan , Felix Winnie , InHout Bertha , Kothari Ashutosh , Kazmi Majid , Ledwaba-Chapman Lesedi , Clery Amanda , Wang Yanzhong , Coker Bola , Preininger Anita M , Vergis Roy , Eggebraaten Thomas , Gloe Chris , Irene Irene Dankwa-Mullan , Jackson Gretchen Purcell , Rigg Anne 
Published: August 2023

Aim: Multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings struggle with increasing caseloads. Recent National Health Service (NHS) guidance proposes that patients are triaged for ‘no discussion at MDT’. We examine whether an artificial intelligence (AI)-based clinical decision-support system (CDSS) can support human triage. Methods: Local best practice breast cancer MDT treatment decisions were compared with treatment decisions made by: two, two-person MDT triage teams with and without the CDSS; the CDSS acting ‘alone’; and the historical MDT. A decision tree on whether to triage patients to the CDSS or the MDT was created using supervised learning algorithms. Results: When localized, the CDSS achieved high concordance with local best practice (treatment plan decisions: 92% CDSS vs 96% team 1 vs 92% team 2, not significant [NS]; treatment type decisions: 89% CDSS vs 93% team 1 vs 82% team 2, NS). Using a decision tree 40.2% of cases can be correctly triaged to the CDSS for a treatment plan, and 34.6% for treatment type recommendations. Conclusion: AI-enabled CDSSs can potentially reduce the clinical workload for a breast cancer MDT by up to 40%. Before routine deployment they need to be appropriately localized and validated in prospective studies to evaluate clinical effectiveness and economic impact.
Declining Incidence Rates of Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy in People With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Denmark, With Indications of Distinct Patterns in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Mizrak Hatice Isik , Hansen Tine Willum , Rossing Peter , Curovic Viktor Rotbain , Vistisen Dorte , Amadid Hanan , Hansen Christian Stevns 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE
It is not known if incidence rates for diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN) are decreasing, as they are for other diabetic complications. Here, we investigated incidence rates of DSPN in type 1 and type 2 diabetes in a large population-based study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In the period 1996 to 2018, 19,342 individuals were identified at a Danish tertiary diabetes center. Vibration perception threshold was assessed by biothesiometry and repeated throughout the study. Exclusion of prevalent DSPN cases or missing data left data on 9,473 individuals for analysis of DSPN using a cutoff of &gt;25 V and on 2,783 individuals for analysis using an age-, sex-, and height-specific cutoff. Poisson regression analysis was used to model incidence rates of DSPN for both cutoff types and separately for diabetes types. Covariates were sex, age, diabetes duration, and calendar time.

RESULTS
Incidence rates (95% CI) of DSPN decreased from 1996 to 2018 (e.g., from 4.78 [3.60–6.33]/100 person-years [PY] to 1.15 [0.91–1.47]/100 PY for 40-year-old men with type 1 diabetes and from 16.54 [11.80–23.18]/100 PY to 8.02 [6.63–9.69]/100 PY for 60-year-old men with type 2 diabetes, when using &gt;25 V as the cutoff value). Analyses using age-, sex-, and height-specific cutoff values demonstrated similar incidence patterns by calendar time without sex differences. For type 1 diabetes, decreasing incidence rates were seen with older age.

CONCLUSIONS
Incidence rates for DSPN are declining in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, possibly due to improved diabetes treatment. This causality remains to be explored. Distinct age-related patterns indicate that the pathophysiology of DSPN may differ between diabetes types.
Emergency Department Use in Black Individuals With Diabetes
Authors: Rovner Barry , Casten Robin , Nightingale Ginah , Leiby Benjamin E. , Kelley Megan , Rising Kristin 
Published: August 2023

Objective
The prevalence of diabetes is higher in Black than in White individuals, and Blacks seek emergency department (ED) care for diabetes more often than Whites. This randomized controlled trial compared the efficacy of a novel intervention called the Diabetes Interprofessional Team to Enhance Adherence to Medical Care (DM I-TEAM) to usual medical care (UMC) to prevent return diabetes-related ED visits and hospitalizations over 12 months in 200 Black individuals with diabetes after an ED visit. The trial also identified baseline variables associated with return ED visits and hospitalizations.

Methods
The DM I-TEAM provided diabetes education and behavioral activation services delivered by race-concordant research assistants, telehealth visits with a diabetes care and education specialist and primary care physicians, and clinical pharmacist recommendations.

Results
Participants had a mean age of 64.9 years, and 73.0% were women. There was no treatment group difference in return diabetes-related ED visits or hospitalizations over 12 months (DM I-TEAM n = 39 [45.3%] vs. UMC n = 37 [38.5%], χ2 = 0.864, P = 0.353). Baseline variables that were associated with return diabetes-related ED visits or hospitalizations were longer duration of diabetes, higher number of chronic health conditions, higher number of previous ED visits or hospitalizations, greater anticholinergic medication burden, lower satisfaction with primary care physicians, and lower trust in physicians (all P ≤0.05).

Conclusion
Among Black individuals with diabetes, the DM I-TEAM interprofessional intervention was no better than UMC at preventing return diabetes-related ED visits or hospitalizations. High medical morbidity, greater anticholinergic medication burden, low satisfaction with primary care physicians, and physician mistrust were associated with diabetes-related ED visits or hospitalizations independent of treatment. Before clinical interventions such as the DM I-TEAM can be effective, reducing system-level barriers to health, improving physician-patient relationships and medication prescribing, and building community health care capacity will be necessary.
ANALISIS KAPASITAS PELAT BETON RINGAN MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI MIDAS FEA
Authors: Sintiawan Arles Octavianus , Kushartomo Widodo , Leman Sunarjo 
Published: August 2023

The use of concrete in a building has been well-known since the 1800s. Many concrete models are new to the present and still growing, one of which is lightweight concrete. Lightweight concrete is the manufacture of ordinary concrete with the addition of styrofoam. The addition of styrofoam is useful as a cavity shaper, so the volume of concrete will increase without the addition of paste or other aggregates. The density of lightweight concrete that has been made is in the range of 1850 kg/m3-1900 kg/m3. After the Laboratorium was tested, we got a density of around 1373.5 kg/m3. The process of calculating the structure is also very developed to date. Many calculation methods used by experts in building design include the use of the Finite element method. This Finite element method is used for obtaining results that detail the behaviour of structures such as tensile strength, compressive strength, deformation, stress and others. In the study will be made an experiment to make a Laboratorium with lightweight concrete with wire mesh reinforcement with a diameter of 4 mm. after the testing process with manual test with Laboratorium tests and with the help of the Midas Finite Element Analyst application. The results of this test turned out to be the same when the load reached 800 kg of test objects in Midas FEA and Laboratorium tests were both destroyed, but the deformation results were quite far apart, this is happened because Midas could not detect certain materials with certain parameters in its application.
Abstrak
Penggunaan beton pada suatu bangunan sudah terkenal sejak 1800an dan terus berkembang sampai sekarang. Banyak model-model beton yang baru untuk sekarang ini dan terus bertambah sampai sekarang salah satunya adalah beton . Beton ringan merupakan pembuatan beton biasa dengan tambahan styrofoam. Penambahan styrofoam ini berguna sebagai pembentuk rongga, sehingga volume beton akan bertambah tanpa tambahan pasta atau agregat lain. Massa jenis beton ringan yang telah dibuat oleh para ilmuwan adalah berkisar 1850 kg/m3-1900 kg/m3. Setelah proses pengujian selesai hasil yang kami dapatkan 1373.5 kg/m3. Proses Perhitungan struktur juga sangat berkembang sampai saat ini. Bayak metode perhitungan yang dipakai para ahli dalam perancangan bangunan salah satunya penggunaan metode finite element. Metode finite element ini berguna untuk mendapatkan hasil yang perilaku detail struktur seperti kuat tarik, kuat tekan, deformasi, tegangan dan lainnya. Pada penelitian akan dibuat percobaan membuat pelat dengan beton ringan dengan tulangan wiremesh dengan diameter 4 mm. setelah itu proses pengujian akan dibuat secara manual yaitu uji Laboratorium dan dengan bantuan aplikasi Midas Finite Element Analyst. Hasil dari pengujian ini ternyata sama pada saat beban mencapai 800 kg benda uji dalam Midas FEA dan uji Laboratorium sama-sama hancur, tetapi hasil deformasi yang berbeda cukup jauh, ini dikarenakan Midas tidak dapat mendeteksi bahan tertentu dengan parameter tertentu dalam aplikasinya.
ANALISIS EFEKTIFITAS PENGGUNAAN BATA RINGAN SEBAGAI PENGGANTI BATA MERAH PADA KONSTRUKSI GEDUNG BERTINGKAT
Authors: Eppendie Agustinus , Kushartomo Widodo 
Published: August 2023

The more advanced the era of technological development, the greater the requirements for effectiveness and efficiency in execution of projects. Materials used must therefore withstand these requirements. Light bricks can support the above requirements. In high-rise buildings, lightweight bricks chosen instead of red clinker. If you make wall with light colored bricks, you can build a wall faster because it’s bigger than red bricks. For building walls, lightweight bricks are cheaper than red bricks, but their quality is better and they are more efficient than red bricks. Because the material of lightweight brick consists of the same mixture as concrete. This makes lightweight bricks more earthquake resistant than red bricks. When crafted, walls have a large area and affect the price percentage of the building itself. According to the title of this journal, the effectiveness of using lightweight bricks and red bricks in construction of skyscrapers was highlighted by choosing lightweight bricks as primary material for making the walls of skyscrapers. raise the This study was conducted using a literature search method to obtain the required data and information. The results of this study show that lightweight bricks are more effective and efficient than red bricks in constructing tall buildings.
Abstrak
Tuntutan terhadap efektivitas dan efisiensi dalam menyelesaikan proyek semakin meningkat sebagai akibat dari semakin tingginya biaya proyek konstruksi. Hal ini berpengaruh kepada pemilihan material sebagai bahan bangunan untuk menunjang efektivitas pekerjaan. Material bata ringan dapat dipilih sebagai pengganti bata merah dalam konstruksi gedung bertingkat, karena bata ringan dianggap mampu untuk menunjang produktivitas pekerjaan di proyek. Karena ukuran dinding bata ringan lebih besar dari pada ukuran batu merah, maka pekerjaan pembuatan dinding bisa dilakukan dengan lebih cepat serta dapat menurunkan biaya pekerjaan pembuatan dinding. Penggunaan bata ringan juga lebih efisien harganya yang relatif lebih murah dengan mutu yang setara dengan bata merah. Efisiensi harga tersebut diakibatkan oleh material pembuatan bata ringan tersusun yang terdiri dari campuran material mirip seperti beton namun memiliki berat yang lebih ringan sehingga cocok digunakan dalam konstruksi tahan gempa. Tulisan ini berisi hasil pengamatan selama melakukan kegiatan magang di proyek konstruksi yang disertai hasil analisis singkat dari data yang diperoleh selama magang. Hasil analisis ditunjang oleh studi pustaka. Hasil analisis mengkonfirmasi apabila penggunaan bata ringan lebih efektif dari segi biaya dan waktu pekerjaan dibandingkan dengan penggunaan bata merah.
Assessment of Ambient Air Quality in Neonatal Incubators at Selected Sites of Baghdad Hospitals
Authors: Al Obaidi Hind J. , Al Easawi Nada A. R. F. 
Published: August 2023

An infant incubator in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a medical instrument of care that provides oxygen, warmth and moisture to a newborn baby. Due to environmental conditions affecting the infants foster babies may experience discomfort and pain at some point. Thus, this study aimed to assess ambient air quality in neonatal incubators to improve the environmental quality of neonatal intensive care units and safety. Air pollutants concentrations consisting of particulate matter (pm2.5, pm10), hydrocarbons (HOCH), volatile organic compounds (VOC), air quality index (AQI), humidity and temperature, were measured at four selected Baghdad hospitals (Al-Karkh and Rusafa) . The results showed that the increase in relative humidity (RH%) measured in all baby incubators and in all locations during the summer and winter seasons contributed to an increase in polluting gases emission inside the incubators, which was the highest measurement that gave significant difference for the incubator.The highest recorded measurement with significant difference for pm2.5 was 73.78 ± 0.096 in site2 in winter, pm10 was 106.73 ± 0.05 in site1 in winter, HCHO was 0.148 ± 0.005 in site3 in winter, VOC was 673 ± 0.005mg/m3 in site2 in winter, AQIwas 177.25 ± 0.5 in site2 in winter, RH% was 53.887 in the site3 during the winter and temperature was 32.25°C in site3 in summer. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between relative humidity and temperature that affectedthe gases concentrations as it showed variations in gases and particle matters concentrations which affected the air quality inside the neonatal incubatorsthat in turn affected the health of the neonates, especially increased severity of asthma attacks and low Intelligence quotient (IQ) in children in the future.
Use Algebra of Group Action to Find Special Types of Caps in PG(3,13)
Authors: Attook Saja Makki , Al-Zangana Emad Bakr 
Published: August 2023

Group action on the projective space PG(3,q) is a method which can be used to construct some geometric objects for example cap. We constructed new caps in PG(3,13) of degrees 2, 3, 4, 7,14 and sizes 2, 4, 5, 7, 10, 14, 17, 20, 28, 34, 35, 68, 70, 85, 119, 140, 170, 238, 340, 476, 595, 1190. Then the incomplete caps are extended to complete caps.