bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dusty dawn: galactic dust buildup at z ≳ 5
Authors: Choban Caleb R , Salim Samir , Kereš Dušan , Hayward Christopher C , Sandstrom Karin M 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Over the last decade, the Atacama large millimeter array has revealed massive, dusty star-forming galaxies at $z\gtrsim 5$, and the JWST is primed to uncover even more information about them. These observations need dust evolution theory to provide context and are excellent benchmarks to test this theory. Here, we investigate the evolution of galactic dust budget at cosmic dawn using a suite of cosmological zoom-in simulations of moderately massive, high-redshift ($M_{*}\gtrsim 10^9\, \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$; $z\gtrsim 5$) galaxies from the Feedback in Realistic Environments project, the highest resolution ($m_{\rm b} \approx 7100\, \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$) of such simulations to date. Our simulations incorporate a dust evolution model that accounts for the dominant sources of dust production, growth and destruction and follows the evolution of specific dust species, allowing it to replicate a wide range of present-day observations. We find, similar to other theoretical works, that dust growth via gas-dust accretion is the dominant producer of dust mass for these massive, $z\gtrsim 5$ galaxies. However, our fiducial model produces $M_{\rm dust}$ that fall ${\gtrsim }1$ dex below observations at any given $M_{*}$ (typical uncertainties are ${\sim }1$ dex), which we attribute to reduced accretion efficiencies caused by a combination of low galactic metallicities and extremely bursty star formation. Modest enhancements (i.e. within observational/theoretical uncertainties) to accretion and SNe ii dust creation raise $M_{\rm dust}$ by ${\lesssim }1$ dex, but this still falls below observations which assume $T_{\rm dust}\sim 25$ K. One possibility is that inferred dust masses for $z\gtrsim 4$ galaxies are overestimated, and recent observational/analytical works that find $T_{\rm dust}\sim 50$ K along with metallicity constraints tentatively support this.
Spectroscopic study of the quiescent stages in between the 2006 and 2021 outbursts of RS Ophiuchi
Authors: Habtie Gesesew R , Das Ramkrishna 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
This paper presents a comprehensive spectroscopic analysis of the quiescent stage of the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi between its 2006 and 2021 outbursts. The spectra shows prominent low-ionization emission features, including hydrogen, helium, iron emissions, and TiO absorption features. The H $\alpha$ and H $\beta$ lines showed double-peaked emission profiles, indicating that both originate from the accretion disc. The central peaks of the H $\alpha$ and H $\beta$ emission profiles exhibited subtle shifts towards the blue or red side, attributed to orbital motion and fluctuations in the accretion rate. Using the double-peak features observed in the H $\alpha$ and H $\beta$ lines, we have estimated the accretion disc size to be $R_{\mathrm{AD}} = 3.10 \pm 0.04 \times 10^{12} \, \text{cm}$. The cloudy photoionization code is employed to model the quiescent phase spectra, allowing us to study the evolution of various physical parameters such as temperature, luminosity, hydrogen density, elemental abundances, accreted mass, and accretion rate. The central ionizing sources exhibit temperatures in the range of $1.05\!-\!1.80~\times 10^4$ K and luminosities between $0.10\!-\!7.94~\times 10^{30}$  erg s$^{-1}$. The mean accretion rate, calculated from the model, is $\sim$$1.25 \times 10^{-8} \,{\rm M}_{\odot }$ yr$^{-1}$. The model results reveal that the accretion rate rose substantially in the later phase. The accreted mass in the 16 months, preceding the 2021 outburst exceeds 47 per cent of the critical mass, and more than 88 per cent of the critical mass was accreted in the last 3 yr.
Efficacy and safety of non-focused low-intensity ultrasound technology for subcutaneous lipolysis in the lower abdomen: a clinical study
Authors: Tang Jieying , Chen Lujia , Zhang Shihong , Shao Hui , Wang Lu , Wang Chuan , Chen Qiang , Hou Yikang , Liao Xueyin , Song Meina , Zhang Cuicui , Zhang Xuemei , Yang Jianmin , Li Weiwei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
With rising demand for non-invasive body contouring, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of non-focused, low-intensity ultrasound for lower abdominal lipolysis.

Methods
The enrolled subjects prospectively received 6 weekly sessions of well-setting ultrasound treatment with frequency of 1 MHz and an intensity of 2.2 W/cm2, to target the subcutaneous fat of lower abdomen with three regions (left, middle, and right). Evaluations included ultrasound measurements and blood biochemical analyses at the baseline, pre-4th session, and at 1 and 2-month post-treatment points to confirm the efficacy and safety.

Results
A total of 17 subjects completed the whole treatment. Significant reductions in superficial abdominal fat layer thickness of all three regions were observed (all P-values of ANOVA &lt;0.001), without severe adverse events reported. Post-hoc analysis showed the superficial fat layers of all the three regions at 1-month post-treatment significant reductions comparing the baseline (all adjusted P &lt; 0.05). The reduction effects for superficial fat layers were still available at the 2-month post-treatment follow-up at the left and middle regions. Conversely, there was no significant improvements among the deep fat layers at the three regions.

Conclusion
Non-focused, low-intensity ultrasound demonstrate its potential of efficacy and safety for reducing superficial abdominal fat, and may maintain the capability for at least two months. Further studies are needed to confirm long-term efficacy and optimize treatment parameters.
What is already known on this topic? Non-focused ultrasound with low-intensity is recognized for its potential in non-invasive body contouring, but detailed efficacy and safety data were limited, especially for lower abdominal lipolysis. What this study adds? Our research demonstrated the efficacy and safety of non-focused ultrasound with low-intensity in reducing superficial abdominal fat, with sustained effects for at least two months. How this study might affect research, practice, or policy? This study could guide future researches toward long-term effects and optimization of ultrasound treatments, and influence clinical practice by providing a validated method for non-invasive fat reduction.
Comparison of one-handed face mask ventilation techniques on the simulation model: EO technique and EC technique
Authors: Xiao Lan , Fang Weijun , Jiang Cheng , Ke Hang , Zhang Zongze , Zou Hao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To compare the efficacy of two one-handed face mask ventilation techniques. Secondarily, we also assessed the effect of hand size on the performance of both these techniques.

Methods
Eighty subjects were randomized into the EO group and the EC group. After receiving face mask ventilation training, they carried out one-handed mask ventilation on a simulation model according to the order of EO technique-EC technique or EC technique-EO technique, and they performed each face mask ventilation technique for five consecutive ventilations. The primary outcomes were the time of the first chest undulation and the total number of chest undulations in the five operations. A questionnaire evaluated the subjects’ feelings of simplicity and comfort regarding the two techniques.

Results
Compared with the EC technique, the first success time was significantly shorter with the EO technique (17.69 ± 11.32 seconds vs 8.39 ± 8.08 seconds, P &lt; 0.001), and the EO technique produced an improved successful ventilation rate (50.00% ± 33.89% vs 77.00% ± 28.84%, P &lt; 0.001). For the EC technique, the first success time and successful ventilation rate of male subjects were better than those of female subjects (P &lt; 0.05), whereas the first success time and successful ventilation rate in males and females did not significantly differ from each other for the EO technique (P &gt; 0.5). Most subjects reported that the EO technique was simpler and more comfortable than the EC technique.

Conclusion
On the simulation model, compared to the one-handed EC face mask ventilation technique, the EO technique is more conducive to the learning and mastery of novices and small-handed operators.
Degenerate Scalar Scenario of Two Higgs Doublet Model with a Complex Singlet Scalar
Authors: Cho Gi-Chol , Idegawa Chikako 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We study the two Higgs doublet model with a complex singlet scalar whose imaginary part acts as dark matter (DM). The scattering of DM and quarks, mediated by three CP-even scalars in this model, is suppressed when masses of CP-even scalars are degenerate; that is called the “degenerate scalar scenario.” Based on this scenario, we show that the strong first-order electroweak phase transition can be achieved without conflicting with constraints from the DM relic density and the direct detection experiments. We also discuss a shift of scalar trilinear coupling from the Standard Model prediction, which could be a test of this model in collider experiments.
Cytokine Hemoadsorption versus Standard Care in Cardiac Surgery Using the Oxiris® Membrane: the OXICARD single center randomized trial
Authors: Abou-Arab Osama , Huette Pierre , Ibrahima Azrat , Beyls Christophe , Bayart Guillaume , Guilbart Mathieu , Coupez Adrien , Bennis Youssef , Navarre Aurélie , Lenglet Gaelle , Béal Roman , Touati Gilles , Caus Thierry , Bar Stéphane , Josse Estelle , Nguyen Maxime , Dupont Hervé , Gubler Brigitte , Kamel Saïd , Diouf Momar , Mahjoub Yazine 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Cardiac surgery can lead to dysregulation with a pro-inflammatory state, resulting in adverse outcomes. Hemadsorption using the AN69 membrane (Oxiris membrane) has the properties to chelate inflammatory cytokines. We hypothesized that in patients at high risk of inflammation, the use of the Oxiris membrane could decrease inflammation, preserve endothelial function, and improve postoperative outcomes.

Methods:
We conducted a randomized single-center study at Amiens University Hospital. The study population consisted of adult patients admitted for scheduled cardiac surgery with an expected cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time over 90 minutes. The patients were allocated to either the standard group or the Oxiris group. The intervention consisted of using the Oxiris membrane on a Prismaflex device at a blood flow rate of 450 ml/min during CPB. The primary outcome was the assessment of microcirculation on day 1 after surgery by measuring sublingual microcirculation using the microvascular flow index (MFI). MFI reflects the microcirculation flow type and is graded from 0 to 3 as follows: 0: no flow; 1: intermittent flow; 2: sluggish flow; 3: continuous flow. The secondary outcome was a composite adverse outcome within 30 days after surgery. Cytokines and endothelial biomarkers were measured in all patients at different time points. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed.

Results:
From October 2019 to November 2022, we included 70 patients. Two patients were excluded from the Oxiris group: one patient did not undergo surgery and one procedure was performed under deep hypothermia. The MFI did not differ between groups on day 1 from baseline: difference Oxiris-standard at -0.17 [-0.44; 0.10]; P=0.2. The occurrence of a composite adverse outcome did not significantly differ between groups (14 [42%] for the Oxiris group vs 12 [35%] for the standard group; P=0.7). The overall variation in cytokines and angiopoietins did not significantly differ between groups.

Conclusions:
In patients scheduled for a cardiac surgery with prolonged CPB, we could not demonstrate the benefit on microcirculation and major cardiovascular events.

Registration:
URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04201119. Identifier: NCT04201119
SARS-COV-2 treated with oral nirmatrelvir–ritonavir in children: A case report
Authors: Li Zhongjie , Xu Yao , Chen Guifeng , Mao Siyu , Gu Ermin , Xu Weifeng , Xiang Yujian 
Published: January 2025

Rationale:
Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is an effective drug for preventing the 2019 coronavirus disease epidemic from becoming a serious disease in adults. However, its efficacy in pediatric cases remains unknown. This study aimed to analyze the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of nirmatrelvir ritonavir in the treatment of 6 to 14 year old children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Patient concerns:
A child was admitted to the hospital for treatment of 2019 coronavirus disease, and his disease worsened. Based on oxygen inhalation and supportive treatment, the patients were treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, and improvements in clinical symptoms and negative nucleic acid conversion were observed to evaluate their safety and efficacy.

Diagnosis:
Phayngeal swab tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses type 2 nucleic acids and chest computed tomography access for diagnosis: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses type 2.

Interventions:
The patient started taking nirmatrelvir and ritonavir tablets within 6 days of symptom onset. No adverse reactions were noted. On the third day of oral treatment, the nuclear conversion was negative.

Outcomes:
Based on the current single-sample studies, nimatrelvir and ritonavir are feasible options for treating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 infections in children aged 6 to 14. That the safety and efficacy. Simultaneously, attention should be paid to comprehensive treatment of the disease. Further large-scale studies are required.

Lessons:
Acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 can cause severe in children, and the treatment regimen of nimatrelvir/ritonavir can be chosen. Early treatment may be effective. It is very important to closely observe clinical symptoms, detect serious symptoms, and prevent disease aggravation.
Management of Low-Grade Gliomas
Authors: Diaz Maria , Pan Peter C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The term “low-grade glioma” historically refers to adult diffuse gliomas that exhibit a less aggressive course than the more common high-grade gliomas. In the current molecular era, “low-grade” refers to World Health Organization central nervous system grade 2 gliomas almost always with an isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation (astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas). The term “lower-grade gliomas” has emerged encompassing grades 2 and 3 IDH-mutant astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas, to acknowledge that histological grade is not as important a prognostic factor as molecular features, and distinguishing them from grade 4 glioblastomas, which lack an IDH mutation. These grades 2 and 3 IDH-mutant tumors are characterized by indolent growth but are ultimately incurable in most cases, presenting significant management challenges. Physicians must carefully weigh all available evidence to balance improvements in survival from new treatments against treatment toxicities. This review summarizes the evidence guiding the treatment of these patients.
An open-source, user-friendly, machine-learning method for automated segmentation and analysis of peripheral nerve cross-sections
Authors: Suchyta Marissa , Dohrmann Beth , Mardini Samir 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Quantitative neuromorphometry analysis of the peripheral nerve is paramount to nerve regeneration research. However, this technique relies upon accurate segmentation and determination of myelin and axonal area. Manual histological analysis methods are time- consuming, and subject to error and bias. We demonstrate and validate a user-friendly method relying on opensource machine-learning software and no coding knowledge.

Materials & Methods:
19 rat facial nerve segments were fixed, osmicated, embedded in epoxy, sectioned, and stained with toluidine blue. Whole nerve cross-sections were scanned at 20x. Images were pre-processed in ImageJ to measure fascicular area and remove background. Images were imported into Ilastik and the pixel classification module used to segment myelin and axons. A novel CellProfiler pipeline was used with Otsu 2-threshold processing to segment and quantify individual axon and myelin objects from segmentations. Axon counts and g-ratio of nerve samples were acquired manually and using this technique to compare between methods.

Results:
Analysis of an entire nerve cross-section can be completed with this method in less than 5 minutes. Bland-Altman plot and intraclass correlation coefficient demonstrated reliability between axon counts performed manually and with this protocol. There was also no statistically significant difference in accuracy in determining g-ratio compared to manual techniques (p<0.05).

Conclusions:
The protocol presented here demonstrates a novel and accurate means of segmenting and analyzing histological nerve cross-sections. This method decreases both user time and potential bias. It enables analysis of an entire nerve versus random sampling. Lastly, this protocol utilizes only opensource software freely accessible to researchers.
Outcomes for Gastrectomy During Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Non-Gastric Primaries: A 30-Year Experience
Authors: Cos Heidy , Russell Greg , Perry Kathleen , Votanopoulos Konstantinos I , Levine Edward A , Shen Perry 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) can improve survival for patients with peritoneal surface malignancy. Completeness of cytoreduction correlates with prognosis. The role of gastrectomy in these patients is not well described.

Methods:
1868 patients who underwent CRS+HIPEC for non-gastric primary between 1991-2024 were analyzed from a prospective database. Patients were stratified by gastrectomy extent and their outcomes compared with no-gastrectomy patients. Continuous variables are presented as mean (SD), categorical variables as N (%) and values considered statistically significant at < 0.05.

Results:
There were no differences in baseline demographics between the gastrectomy and no-gastrectomy groups. There were 23 major, 45 distal, and 77 wedge gastrectomies (n=145, 7.76%). Appendiceal was the most common neoplasm in the gastrectomy groups (major: 96%, distal: 91%, wedge: 68%, no gastrectomy: 53%). Gastrectomy patients had higher median PCI [major: 27(7.0), distal: 24(7.0), wedge: 19(10.3), no-gastrectomy: 14(9.5); p<0.001], R2 resection (major: 96%, distal: 89%, wedge: 60%, no-gastrectomy: 45%; p<0.001), severe complications (major: 30%, distal: 27%, wedge: 19%, no-gastrectomy: 12%; p<0.001), LOS [major: 24(15.2) , distal: 23(25.7), wedge: 18(22.2), no-gastrectomy: 12 (12.5) days; p<0.001], and 30-day mortality (major: 17%, distal: 11%, wedge: 10%, no-gastrectomy: 5%; p<0.001). There was no difference in 30-day readmission or recurrence. On multivariate analysis, gastrectomy was not independently associated with overall survival (OS) (p=0.18).

Conclusion:
8% of patients who underwent CRS+HIPEC for non-gastric primaries underwent gastrectomy. Gastrectomy patients were more likely to have higher PCI and incomplete resections with increased complications and mortality. PCI, resection status, LN’s, tumor grade, and primary site, but not gastrectomy type, are significantly associated with OS.
Static Three-Dimensional Structures Determine Fast Dynamics Between Distal Loci Pairs in Interphase Chromosomes
Authors: Shi Guang , Shin Sucheol , Thirumalai D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLive cell imaging experiments have shown that, although eukaryotic chromosomes are compact, the distal dynamics between enhancers and promoters are unexpectedly rapid and cannot be explained by standard polymer models. The discordance between the compact static chromatin organization (structure) and the relaxation times (dynamics) is a conundrum that violates the expected structure-function relationship. To resolve the puzzle, we developed a theory to predict chromatin dynamics by first calculating the accurate three-dimensional (3D) structure using static Hi-C contact maps or fixed-cell imaging data. The calculated 3D coordinates are used to accurately forecast the two-point dynamics reported in recent experiments that simultaneously monitor chromatin dynamics and transcription. Strikingly, the theory not only predicts the observed fast enhancer-promoter dynamics but also reveals a novel scaling relationship between two-point relaxation time and genomic separation that is in near quantitative agreement with recent experiments. The theory also predicts that cohesin depletion speeds up the dynamics between distal loci. Both the rapid dynamics between distal loci pairs in interphase chromosomes and the acceleration of chromatin loci diffusion upon cohesin depletion are explained in terms of structure-based centrality measure used in graph theory. Our framework shows that chromatin dynamics can be predicted based solely on static experimental data, reinforcing the concept that the three-dimensional structure determines their dynamic behavior. The generality of the theory opens new avenues for exploring chromatin dynamics, especially transcriptional dynamics, across different biological contexts.
Wavelet-Based Compression Method for Scale-Preserving SWIR Hyperspectral Data
Authors: Biswas Hridoy , Tang Rui , Mollah Shamim , Berezin Mikhail Y. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeHyperspectral imaging (HSI) collects detailed spectral information across hundreds of narrow bands, providing valuable datasets for applications such as medical diagnostics. However, the large size of HSI datasets, often exceeding several gigabytes, creates significant challenges in data transmission, storage, and processing. This study aims to develop a wavelet-based compression method that addresses these challenges while preserving the integrity and quality of spectral information.ApproachThe proposed method applies wavelet transforms to the spectral dimension of hyperspectral data in three steps: 1) wavelet transformation for dimensionality reduction, 2) spectral cropping to eliminate low-intensity bands, and 3) scale matching to maintain accurate wavelength mapping. Daubechies wavelets were used to achieve up to 32x compression while ensuring spectral fidelity and spatial feature retention.ResultsThe wavelet-based method achieved up to 32x compression, corresponding to a 96.88% reduction in data size without significant loss of important data. Unlike PCA and ICA, the method preserved the original wavelength scale, enabling straightforward spectral interpretation. Additionally, the compressed data exhibited minimal loss in spatial features, with improvements in contrast and noise reduction compared to spectral binning.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that wavelet-based compression is an effective solution for managing large HSI datasets in medical imaging. The method preserves critical spectral and spatial information, and therefore facilitates efficient data storage and processing, providing the way for practical integration of HSI technology in clinical applications.