bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sacral Dural Tears as a Cause of Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension
Authors: Lützen Niklas , Aleman Enrique Barvulsky , El Rahal Amir , Volz Florian , Fung Christian , Beck Jürgen , Urbach Horst 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Dural tears at the level of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine cause spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) in patients with a spinal longitudinal extradural CSF collection (SLEC); however, sacral dural tears have rarely been reported so far. This study focuses on sacral dural tears as a cause of SIH.

Methods
Retrospective data from SIH patients with confirmed sacral dural tears studied between October 2020 and November 2022 were analyzed with respect to demographic, clinical and imaging features. Digital subtraction myelography (DSM) and lumbar epidural blood patch (EBP) were modified by placing the patient in reversed Trendelenburg position.

Results
Of the SIH patients, 9 (all women; mean age, 38.5 years; mean body mass index, BMI, 22.9) out of 149 had a sacral dural leak (6%) that occurred spontaneously in 7/9, while 2/9 were likely associated with minor trauma. None had a sacral fracture. The mean SIH score was 6.8. All patients showed SLEC on heavily T2-weighted MR myelography (T2-MRM), 4/9 exclusively sacral and 5/9 with partial or complete involvement of the remaining spine. 4/9 had none, but 5/9 had meningeal sacral cysts, 2/5 had large cysts/ectasia. Confirmation of the sacral origin of the leak was provided in 4/9 by T2-MRM, in 2/9 by DSM and 3/9 by CT myelography (CTM) whereas 0/9 revealed the exact site of leak within the sacrum.

Conclusion
Sacral dural tears should be considered as a possible cause for SIH. It is concluded to implement T2-MRM covering the entire sacrum in the standard MRI protocol and propose EBP in the reverse Trendelenburg position as a therapeutic approach.
Energy absorbing 4D printed meta-sandwich structures: load cycles and shape recovery
Authors: Gisario Annamaria , Desole Maria Pia , Mehrpouya Mehrshad , Barletta Massimiliano 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe present study investigates the behavior of solid cellular structures in polylactic acid (PLA) achieved by FDM technology (fusion deposition modelling). The geometries are permanently deformed by compressive stress and then subjected to shape recovery through the application of a thermal stimulus. The structures are submitted to medium–high and medium–low compression stresses, evaluating the mechanical properties and the absorption energy as the number of cycles varies. The study shows that the ability to absorb energy is related to the density of the model, as well as the degree of damage observed, which increases with increasing number of load cycles. The strongest geometry is the lozenge grid, which is the most reliable. It shows no damage with increasing compression cycles and keeps its capability to absorb energy almost constant. The increase in lozenge grid density leads to an improvement in both mechanical strength and absorption energy, as well as a lower incidence of microcracks in the geometry itself due to the repeated load cycles. These results open up a broad spectrum of applications of custom-designed solid cellular structures in the field of energy absorption and damping.
Clinical outcomes with an aspheric monofocal and a new enhanced monofocal intraocular lens with modified optical profile
Authors: Goslings Oege , Veraart Henk , van de Laar-Muskens Janny , Piñero David P. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical outcomes obtained after cataract surgery with an aspheric monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) and an enhanced IOL with a modified optical profile.

Methods
Randomised clinical trial enrolling 70 patients (age, 52–87 years) undergoing cataract surgery. Two groups were created according to the type of IOL implanted: Vivinex iSert from Hoya Surgical Optics (Vivinex group, 35 patients) and Tecnis Eyhance ICB00 from Johnson & Johnson Vision (Eyhance group, 35 patients). Uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), uncorrected (UIVA) and distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity (DCIVA), refraction, and self-perceived visual function (Catquest-9SF) were evaluated during a 3-month follow-up.

Results
No significant differences were found between IOL groups in UDVA and CDVA (p ≥ 0.093). In contrast, monocular and binocular UIVA and DCIVA were significantly better in the Eyhance group at 1 (p ≤ 0.015) and 3 months postoperatively (p ≤ 0.002). Postoperative DCIVA 20/25 or better was obtained in 71.4% and 20.0% of patients in Eyhance and Vivinex groups, respectively. Differences in postoperative Rasch calibrated Catquest scores between Eyhance and Vivinex groups did not reach statistical significance (p ≥ 0.102). However, significant correlations were only found between the change in UIVA and Catquest scores (0.364 ≤ r ≤ 0.444, p ≤ 0.041) in the Eyhance group.

Conclusions
The modified monofocal IOL evaluated provides better intermediate visual function in comparison with a standard aspheric monofocal IOL, but the impact of this benefit on the self-perceived level of vision achieved after surgery according to the patient seemed to be limited.
Exploring the impact of stimulus–stimulus and stimulus–response conflicts on computer mouse trajectories: continuous flow of information from stimulus encoding to response preparation to motor action
Authors: Tseng Hayley , Damian Markus F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn recent years, mouse tracking (designing experiments in which participants provide responses via dynamic computer mouse movements) has enjoyed increasing experience in experimental psychology. Mouse-tracking studies typically involve some form of stimulus–response (S–R) conflict, and S–R effects emerge in movement trajectories (as well as in latencies). By contrast, it is currently unclear how stimulus–stimulus (S–S) compatibility affects movements. Here, we used a spatial arrow task which allowed us to generate S–R and S–S effects within the same experiment. Experiment 1 clarified in a key press experiment that this manipulation generates clear S–S and S–R effects in latencies. More critically, Experiment 2 demonstrated that both types of conflict impact mouse trajectories with incompatibility emerging as increased ‘curvature’ of responses when compared to congruent responses. We argue that these results are best explained via the assumption of ‘continuous flow’ of information, from stimulus encoding to response preparation and finally into motor action. By contrast, the S–S effect on trajectories contradicts the notion that processing is ‘thresholded’ between stimulus encoding and response preparation.
Jackdaws form categorical prototypes based on experience with category exemplars
Authors: Apostel Aylin , Hahn Lukas Alexander , Rose Jonas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCategorization represents one cognitive ability fundamental to animal behavior. Grouping of elements based on perceptual or semantic features helps to reduce processing resources and facilitates appropriate behavior. Corvids master complex categorization, yet the detailed categorization learning strategies are less well understood. We trained two jackdaws on a delayed match to category paradigm using a novel, artificial stimulus type, RUBubbles. Both birds learned to differentiate between two session-unique categories following two distinct learning protocols. Categories were either introduced via central category prototypes (low variability approach) or using a subset of diverse category exemplars from which diagnostic features had to be identified (high variability approach). In both versions, the stimulus similarity relative to a central category prototype explained categorization performance best. Jackdaws consistently used a central prototype to judge category membership, regardless of whether this prototype was used to introduce distinct categories or had to be inferred from multiple exemplars. Reliance on a category prototype occurred already after experiencing only a few trials with different category exemplars. High stimulus set variability prolonged initial learning but showed no consistent beneficial effect on later generalization performance. High numbers of stimuli, their perceptual similarity, and coherent category structure resulted in a prototype-based strategy, reflecting the most adaptive, efficient, and parsimonious way to represent RUBubble categories. Thus, our birds represent a valuable comparative animal model that permits further study of category representations throughout learning in different regions of a brain producing highly cognitive behavior.
Graphical abstract
On the periodicity of an algorithm for p-adic continued fractions
Authors: Murru Nadir , Romeo Giuliano , Santilli Giordano 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper we study the properties of an algorithm, introduced in Browkin (Math Comput 70:1281–1292, 2000), for generating continued fractions in the field of p-adic numbers $$\mathbb Q_p$$

Q
p

. First of all, we obtain an analogue of the Galois’ Theorem for classical continued fractions. Then, we investigate the length of the preperiod for periodic expansions of square roots. Finally, we prove that there exist infinitely many square roots of integers in $$\mathbb Q_p$$

Q
p

that have a periodic expansion with period of length 4, solving an open problem left by Browkin in (Math Comput 70:1281–1292, 2000).
Diseases of Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica)
Authors: Valldeperes Marta , Yerro Paloma Prieto , López-Olvera Jorge Ramón , Fandos Paulino , Lavín Santiago , Escofet Ramón C. Soriguer , Mentaberre Gregorio , León Francisco Javier Cano-Manuel , Espinosa José , Ráez-Bravo Arián , Pérez Jesús M. , Tampach Stefania , Estruch Josep , Velarde Roser , Granados José Enrique 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIberian ibex (Caprapyrenaica) is an ecologically and economically relevant medium-sized emblematic mountain ungulate. Diseases participate in the population dynamics of the species as a regulating agent, but can also threaten the conservation and viability of vulnerable population units. Moreover, Iberian ibex can also be a carrier or even a reservoir of pathogens shared with domestic animals and/or humans, being therefore a concern for livestock and public health. The objective of this review is to compile the currently available knowledge on (1) diseases of Iberian ibex, presented according to their relevance on the health and demography of free-ranging populations; (2) diseases subjected to heath surveillance plans; (3) other diseases reported in the species; and (4) diseases with particular relevance in captive Iberian ibex populations. The systematic review of all the information on diseases affecting the species unveils unpublished reports, scientific communications in meetings, and scientific articles, allowing the first comprehensive compilation of Iberian ibex diseases. This review identifies the gaps in knowledge regarding pathogenesis, immune response, diagnostic methods, treatment, and management of diseases in Iberian ibex, providing a base for future research. Moreover, this challenges wildlife and livestock disease and wildlife population managers to assess the priorities and policies currently implemented in Iberian ibex health surveillance and monitoring and disease management.
Effects of Fuel Concentration Gradient on Stabilization of Oblique Detonation Waves in Kerosene–Air Mixtures
Authors: Wang Bing , Ren Zhaoxin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe transition structures and wave stabilization features of the wedge-induced oblique detonation wave (ODW) affect the combustion of the hypersonic air-breathing detonation engine, which is associated with the inhomogeneity of the inflow mixture. This study numerically investigates the influence of inhomogeneous kerosene–air mixtures on the stabilization of ODW for the first time, considering the inter-phase heat and mass transfers and focusing on the flow structure. The multiphase reacting flows are solved by the two-way coupling Eulerian–Lagrangian method. The inhomogeneous degree of fuel–air premixing is represented by the gradient of the liquid fuel equivalence ratio. A new pattern of transition wave structure from the shock-induced deflagration to oblique detonation is found. Under the fuel-rich condition before the shock-induced deflagration wave, a diamond-shaped wave structure is generated due to the large fuel concentration gradients. This flow structure is formed on the wedge without oscillations and is expected for a well-stabilized ODW. The initiation length of ODW is used to value the combustion performance. Its dependence on the inhomogeneous premixing degree displays a W-shaped curve. The chemical heat release influences the initiation length more obviously than the evaporative cooling in the fuel-lean conditions before the shock-induced deflagration. The ODW stabilization is enhanced by the heat released from the fuel-rich chemical reaction. Generally, the two-phase oblique detonation is determined by the competitiveness between the evaporative heat loss and chemical heat release. A uniform fuel–air mixture may not be optimal for detonation initiation based on the results of the present study.
The Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Bempedoic Acid in Patients at Elevated Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Sayed Ahmed , Shazly Omar , Slipczuk Leandro , Krittanawong Chayakrit , Baloch Farhala , Virani Salim S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Statins are first-line agents to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and cardiovascular risk, however, they are insufficient and/or intolerable in many patients. To that end, we conducted a meta-analysis of Bempedoic Acid (BA), a novel LDL-C lowering agent.

Methods
We retrieved randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of BA by searching Pubmed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Clinicaltrials.gov. We used the Mantel-Haenszel method to pool estimates. The I2 measure was used to quantify heterogeneity. Treatment effects are provided as relative risks (RR), absolute risk differences (ARD), and number needed to treat/harm (NNTB/H). Analyses were conducted using R, version 4.1.2.

Results
11 trials enrolling 18,496 patients were included. Compared to placebo, BA reduced the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.80 to 0.95; ARD: -1.63%; NNT: 62), myocardial infarction (RR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.89; ARD: -1.03%; NNT: 98), unstable angina hospitalization (RR: 0.70; 95%: CI: 0.55 to 0.89; ARD: -0.57%; NNT: 177), revascularization (RR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.72 to 0.91; ARD: -1.31%; NNT: 77), and myalgia (RR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.75 to 0.95; ARD: -0.99%; NNT: 102). BA significantly increased the risk of gout (RR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.27 to 1.91; ARD: 0.99%; NNH: 101), renal impairment (RR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.49; ARD: 2.54%; NNH: 40), and cholelithiasis (RR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.43 to 2.44; ARD: 1.01%; NNH: 100).

Conclusion
BA effectively reduces the risk of cardiovascular events and myalgia but increases the risk of gout, cholelithiasis, and renal impairment.
Global citizenship online in higher education
Authors: Helm Francesca , Baroni Alice , Acconcia Giuseppe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDiscourses of global education, citizenship and competence have been characterising the higher education literature in recent years. The COVID-19 pandemic has both heightened the relevance of global citizenship education and presented new challenges as educators and students continue to grapple with the lasting impact and implications. This paper presents the findings of a research study which looked at the perceived learning outcomes of a ‘virtual exchange’ project which addressed issues relevant to global citizenship, involving students in European and Southern Mediterranean countries in online dialogue programmes. The study used quantitative and qualitative approaches to the analysis of responses to open survey questions using the quantitative tool IRAMUTEQ (Sbalchiero & Tuzzi, 2016) and focus groups. Participants perceived that their learning was happening above all through their encounters and discussions with people from different backgrounds. They reported learning to listen actively and carefully, to accept and/or respect different opinions and experiences. The findings open up possibilities for how higher education institutions might engage students in online transnational and global learning experiences—which can contribute to thinking about renewing education and societies in a post-pandemic world.
Mechanisms of Techno-Moral Change: A Taxonomy and Overview
Authors: Danaher John , Sætra Henrik Skaug 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe idea that technologies can change moral beliefs and practices is an old one. But how, exactly, does this happen? This paper builds on an emerging field of inquiry by developing a synoptic taxonomy of the mechanisms of techno-moral change. It argues that technology affects moral beliefs and practices in three main domains: decisional (how we make morally loaded decisions), relational (how we relate to others) and perceptual (how we perceive situations). It argues that across these three domains there are six primary mechanisms of techno-moral change: (i) adding options; (ii) changing decision-making costs; (iii) enabling new relationships; (iv) changing the burdens and expectations within relationships; (v) changing the balance of power in relationships; and (vi) changing perception (information, mental models and metaphors). The paper also discusses the layered, interactive and second-order effects of these mechanisms.
The effect of the age at school entry on educational attainment and field of study: an analysis using the Spanish census
Authors: Valdés Manuel T. , Requena Miguel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn countries with a school-entry cutoff date, individuals born right after the cutoff are almost 1 year older than individuals in the same school cohort born right before that date. Abundant research has documented that, as a result of that extra year of maturation and skill accumulation, older students in a cohort outperform their younger peers. It is also well-established that this effect peaks at the initial stages of the educational career and wanes as students grow. However, it remains unclear whether or not the age at school entry affects final educational attainment. In this work, we use Spanish census data to assess whether individuals born right after the school-entry cutoff (January 1) are more likely to complete post-compulsory education, a university degree and post-graduate education. We also assess if the age at school entry affects the probability of completing education in a STEM field of study. Our findings indicate that males born after the cutoff accumulate more years of education than males born before that date, but are less likely to complete their education in a STEM field of study. Interestingly, the effect concentrates among the youngest and oldest students in each cohort, is less intense for higher levels of education and disappears among females.
Teaching Academic Staff to Implement Interactive Graphics for Their Courses
Authors: Liebig Pamela , Filor Viviane , Scheumann Mariana , Buchholz Martina , Jung Klaus 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany academic teachers present data as static graphics in their lectures and courses. However, data structures have become more complex in the last decades, especially in the biomedical disciplines, and interactive graphics can provide a better means to communicate the scientific contents to students. Besides, the technological qualifications of academic staff are diverse, and it has been little studied how these teachers can be trained to program and implement interactive graphics for their courses. It is also little known whether interactive graphics will be helpful for teaching and learning. We conducted a pilot online workshop to identify aspects that need to be addressed when teaching academic staff to program interactive graphics in form of Shiny-apps based on the programing language R. The n = 25 participants were academic staff from the fields of medicine or natural sciences. Pre- and post-workshop questionnaires were used to identify which aspects should be considered in future workshops, to query the usefulness of interactive graphics for teachers and students, and to identify the impact of the workshop on the teacher’s opinion towards digital teaching devices and their preparedness to program own interactive graphics. Most participants showed strong interest to use interactive graphics in their courses after the workshop, and interactive graphics were overall rated as very helpful for teachers and students. However, only those with prior programming knowledge intended to implement own graphics. We conclude that an extension of the workshop will be necessary to provide additional training for participants with no background in R programming.
Influences of a Virtual Manipulatives Context on Argumentation About Integers
Authors: Vallejo-Vargas Estela A. , Reid David A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article presents a case study of two Grade 5 boys’ argumentation concerning addition and subtraction of negative numbers while using an interactive tablet-based application simulating positive and negative tiles. We examine the properties of integers they conjectured, and the kinds of evidence and arguments they used to support their conjectures. The proof-based teaching theory used to develop the tasks, and the features of the virtual manipulative environment, are described. The results show that the tasks, in combination with the virtual manipulative environment, allowed the boys to perform calculations that they had not been able to perform previously, that in one instance one boy used a deductive argument to explain a conjecture they had made, and that a known weakness of the counterbalance model of integers that was used was not a problem in this case.
Oxygen evolution behavior of La1−xSrxFeO3−δ electrodes in LiCl–KCl melt
Authors: Kimura Shunichi , Fukumoto Takashi , Suzuki Yuta , Goto Takuya 
Published: June 2023

AbstractElectrochemical reduction processes of oxides in molten salt have been proposed as the carbon-free technologies in order to achieve carbon neutrality. The anodic behavior of La1−xSrxFeO3−δ as an O2 evolution anode in LiCl–KCl at 723 K was investigated. The results suggested that at 723 K, the electrical conductivity of La1−xSrxFeO3−δ tended to increase with the Sr doping. The anodic reactions of the La1−xSrxFeO3−δ electrodes were characterized by electrochemical measurements in LiCl–KCl + Li2O at 723 K. Based on the cyclic voltammograms of the La0.7Sr0.3FeO3−δ electrode, O2 evolution has proceeded between 2.7 and 3.6 V. The potential of the La0.7Sr0.3FeO3−δ electrode during galvanostatic electrolysis has conducted at 39 mA cm−2 for 15 h has remained stable at 2.8 V, indicating that the stable evolution of O2 gas was monitored. The corrosion rate was estimated to have the low value of 8.6 × 10−4 g cm−2 h−1. Electrode surface data obtained after electrolysis indicated that the La0.7Sr0.3FeO3−δ electrode exhibited excellent chemical and physical stability in LiCl–KCl at 723 K. This indicates that the La0.7Sr0.3FeO3−δ electrode is promising candidate material as inert anodes for oxide decomposition. As an application of the La0.7Sr0.3FeO3−δ electrode, the electrolytic reduction of CO2 was also successfully achieved.
Graphical Abstract