bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for myocardial infarction patients in intensive care units: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Guo Qi , Wu Maoxiong , Li Hongwei , Ouyang Huijun , Sun Runlu , Wang Junjie , Liu Zhaoyu , Wang Jingfeng , Zhang Yuling 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesWe aimed to develop and validate a prognostic nomogram and evaluate the discrimination of the nomogram model in order to improve the prediction of 30-day survival of critically ill myocardial infarction (MI) patients.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingData were collected from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-III database, consisting of critically ill participants between 2001 and 2012 in the USA.ParticipantsA total of 2031 adult critically ill patients with MI were enrolled from the MIMIC-III database.Primary and secondary outcomeThirty-day survival.ResultsIndependent prognostic factors, including age, heart rate, white blood cell count, blood urea nitrogen and bicarbonate, were identified by Cox regression model and used in the nomogram. Good agreement between the prediction and observation was indicated by the calibration curve for 30-day survival. The nomogram exhibited reasonably accurate discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.765, 95% CI, 0.716 to 0.814) and calibration (C-index, 0.758, 95% CI, 0.712 to 0.804) in the validation cohort. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the nomogram was clinically beneficial. Additionally, participants could be classified into two risk groups by the nomogram, and the 30-day survival probability was significantly different between them (p<0.001).ConclusionThis five-factor nomogram can achieve a reasonable degree of accuracy to predict 30-day survival in critically ill MI patients and might be helpful for risk stratification and decision-making for MI patients.
Study protocol for SPARED trial: randomised non-inferiority phase III trial comparing dexamethasone on day 1 with dexamethasone on days 1–4, combined with neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, palonosetron and olanzapine (5 mg) in patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy
Authors: Minatogawa Hiroko , Izawa Naoki , Kawaguchi Takashi , Miyaji Tempei , Shimomura Kazuhiro , Kazunori Honda , Iihara Hirotoshi , Ohno Yasushi , Inada Yusuke , Arioka Hitoshi , Morita Hajime , Hida Naoya , Sugawara Mitsuhiro , Katada Chikatoshi , Nawata Shuichi , Ishida Hiroo , Tsuboya Ayako , Tsuda Takashi , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Nakajima Takako Eguchi 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionDexamethasone (DEX) is administered for multiple days to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting for patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC); however, its notorious side effects have been widely reported. Although our multicentre randomised double-blind comparative study verified non-inferiority of sparing DEX after day 2 of chemotherapy when combined with neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (NK1-RA) and palonosetron (Palo) for patients receiving HEC regimen, DEX sparing was not non-inferior in patients receiving cisplatin (CDDP)-based HEC regimens in subgroup analysis. Recently, the efficacy of the addition of olanzapine (OLZ) to standard triple antiemetic therapy on HEC has been demonstrated by several phase III trials. This study aims to confirm non-inferiority of DEX sparing when it is combined with NK-1RA, Palo and OLZ in patients receiving CDDP-based HEC regimens.Methods and analysisThis is a randomised, double-blind, phase III trial. Patients who are scheduled to receive CDDP ≥50 mg/m2as initial chemotherapy are eligible. Patients are randomly assigned to receive either DEX on days 1–4 or DEX on day 1 combined with NK1-RA, Palo and OLZ (5 mg). The primary endpoint is complete response (CR) rate, defined as no emesis and no rescue medications during the delayed phase (24–120 hours post-CDDP administration). The non-inferiority margin is set at −15.0%. We assume that CR rates would be 75% in both arms. Two hundred and sixty-two patients are required for at least 80% power to confirm non-inferiority at a one-sided significance level of 2.5%. After considering the possibility of attrition, we set our final required sample size of 280.Ethics and disseminationThe institutional review board approved the study protocol at each of the participating centres. The trial result will be presented at international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberUMIN000032269.
Effect of metabolic syndrome on incidence of oral potentially malignant disorder: a prospective cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Siewchaisakul Pallop , Wang Sen-Te , Peng Szu-Min , Sarakarn Pongdech , Chen Li-Sheng , Chen Tony Hsiu-Hsi , Yeh Yen-Po , Yen Amy Ming-Fang 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on incident oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD).DesignWe conducted a prospective cohort study of the Changhua community-based integrated screening (CHCIS) programme and nationwide oral cancer screening programme during the period between 2005 and 2014.SettingCHCIS, Taiwan.ParticipantsWe enrolled 17 590 participants aged 30 years and older.Main outcomes and measuresWe assessed the impact of MetS on the outcome measured by incident OPMD.ResultsThe incidences of OPMD among subjects with and without MetS were 7.68 ‰ and 5.38 ‰, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, subjects with MetS exhibited a statistically greater risk of developing OPMD compared with those who were free of MetS by 33% (adjusted rate ratio, aRR=1.33, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.55). Individual components of MetS still remained significant, including central obesity (aRR=1.22, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.44), hypertriglyceridaemia (aRR=1.26, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.49) and hyperglycaemia (aRR=1.20, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.41). Central obesity and hypertriglyceridaemia were also statistically associated with a subtype of OPMD, namely, leukoplakia.ConclusionThe temporal influence of MetS on the risk of incident OPMD was noted in our prospective cohort study. Therefore, promoting an MetS prevention and control programme might reduce the occurrence of OPMD and oral cancer.
Assessing the safety and pharmacokinetics of the anti-HIV monoclonal antibody CAP256V2LS alone and in combination with VRC07-523LS and PGT121 in South African women: study protocol for the first-in-human CAPRISA 012B phase I clinical trial
Authors: Mahomed Sharana , Garrett Nigel , Karim Quarraisha A , Zuma Nonhlanhla Y , Capparelli Edmund , Baxter Cheryl , Gengiah Tanuja , Archary Derseree , Samsunder Natasha , Doria-Rose Nicole , Moore Penny , Williamson Carolyn , Barouch Dan H , Fast Patricia E , Pozzetto Bruno , Hankins Catherine , Carlton Kevin , Ledgerwood Julie , Morris Lynn , Mascola John , Abdool Karim Salim 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionNew HIV prevention strategies are urgently required. The discovery of broadly neutralising antibodies (bNAbs) has provided the opportunity to evaluate passive immunisation as a potential prevention strategy and facilitate vaccine development. Since 2014, several bNAbs have been isolated from a clade C-infected South African donor, CAPRISA 256. One particular bNAb, CAP256-VRC26.25, was found to be extremely potent, with good coverage against clade C viruses, the dominant HIV clade in sub-Saharan Africa. Challenge studies in non-human primates demonstrated that this antibody was fully protective even at extremely low doses. This bNAb was subsequently structurally engineered and the clinical variant is now referred to as CAP256V2LS.Methods and analysisCAPRISA 012B is the second of three trials in the CAPRISA 012 bNAb trial programme. It is a first-in-human, phase I study to assess the safety and pharmacokinetics of CAP256V2LS. The study is divided into four groups. Group 1 is a dose escalation of CAP256V2LS administered intravenously to HIV-negative and HIV-positive women. Group 2 is a dose escalation of CAP256V2LS administered subcutaneously (SC), with and without the dispersing agent recombinant human hyaluronidase (rHuPH20) as single or repeat doses in HIV-negative women. Groups 3 and 4 are randomised placebo controlled to assess two (CAP256V2LS+VRC07-523LS; CAP256V2LS+PGT121) and three (CAP256V2LS+VRC07-523LS+PGT121) bNAb combinations administered SC to HIV-negative women. Safety will be assessed by the frequency of reactogenicity and adverse events related to the study product. Pharmacokinetic disposition of CAP256V2LS alone and in combination with VRC07-523LS and PGT121 will be assessed via dose subgroups and route of administration.Ethics and disseminationThe University of KwaZulu-Natal Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (BREC) and the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) have granted regulatory approval (trial reference numbers: BREC00000857/2019 and SAHPRA 20200123). Trial results will be disseminated through conference presentations, peer-reviewed publications and the clinical trial registry.Trial registration numberPACTR202003767867253; Pre-results.
Assessing Australian women’s knowledge and knowledge preferences about long-term health after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a survey study
Authors: Roth Heike , Homer Caroline S E , LeMarquand Grace , Roberts Lynne M , Hanley LIsa , Brown Mark , Henry Amanda 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo (1) assess women’s current knowledge regarding long-term cardiovascular health after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (2) elicit women’s preferred educational content and format regarding health after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.Design and settingA custom-created online survey exploring Australian women’s knowledge about long-term health after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, distributed through consumer groups and social media.Participants266 women with (n=174) or without (n=92) a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.Primary and secondary outcome measures(1) Proportion of women identifying long-term health risks after hypertensive disorder of pregnancy using a 10-point risk knowledge score with 0–4 ‘low’, 4.1–7.0 ‘moderate’ and 7.1–10 ‘high’. (2) Exploration of preferred content, format and distribution of educational material post hypertensive disorder of pregnancy.ResultsKnowledge scores about health after hypertensive disorder of pregnancy were moderate in groups with and without a history of the disorder. Knowledge was highest regarding risk of recurrent hypertensive disorders in a subsequent pregnancy, ‘moderate’ for chronic hypertension and heart attack, ‘moderate’ and ‘low’ regarding risk of heart disease and ‘low’ for diabetes and renal disease. Only 36% of all participants were aware that risks start within 10 years after the affected pregnancy. The majority of respondents with a history of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (76%) preferred receiving information about long-term health 0–6 months post partum from a healthcare provider (80%), key organisations (60%), social media (47%) and brochures/flyers (43%).ConclusionsWomen’s knowledge regarding health risks after hypertensive disorder of pregnancy was ‘moderate’, although with important disease-specific gaps such as increased risk of diabetes. Most women wanted to be informed about their long-term health from a healthcare provider.
Eliciting primary healthcare physicians’ preferences for job characteristics in rural China: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Bao Meiling , Huang Cunrui , Wang Lei , Yan Gang , Chen Gang 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThe outflow and scarcity of physicians in rural areas can adversely affect universal health coverage and population health outcomes, which are critical concerns in China. This study explored primary healthcare physicians’ job preferences using a discrete choice experiment to identify appropriate incentives for retention.MethodsEight job characteristics were identified through a literature review and qualitative studies as the attributes relevant to designing the discrete choice experiment, with levels varying between two hypothetical jobs. The data were analysed using conditional logit model, mixed logit model and latent class model.ResultsA total of 1781 licensed physicians (including licensed assistant physicians) from township health centres in rural areas were surveyed. Policy simulation suggested that they were sensitive to both monetary and non-monetary policy incentives. As for non-monetary job characteristics, a highly intense doctor–patient relationship, bianzhi (the number of personnel allocated to each employer by the government) and educational opportunities were highly valued by the respondents. The latent class model could identify distinct groups with different job preferences according to their memberships.ConclusionUrban jobs were much preferred to rural ones. However, policy incentives can lend themselves to effective retention strategies. It is also important to tailor policy incentives to different subgroups.
Neonatal outcomes and indirect consequences following maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy: a systematic review
Authors: Sturrock Sarah , Ali Shohaib , Gale Chris , Battersby Cheryl , Le Doare Kirsty 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo identify the association between maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy and individual neonatal morbidities and outcomes, particularly longer-term outcomes such as neurodevelopment.DesignSystematic review of outcomes of neonates born to pregnant women diagnosed with a SARS-CoV-2 infection at any stage during pregnancy, including asymptomatic women.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, WHOLIS and LILACS databases, last searched on 28 July 2021.Eligibility criteriaCase–control and cohort studies published after 1 January 2020, including preprint articles were included. Study outcomes included neonatal mortality and morbidity, preterm birth, caesarean delivery, small for gestational age, admission to neonatal intensive care unit, level of respiratory support required, diagnosis of culture-positive sepsis, evidence of brain injury, necrotising enterocolitis, visual or hearing impairment, neurodevelopmental outcomes and feeding method. These were selected according to a core outcome set.Data extraction and synthesisData were extracted into Microsoft Excel by two researchers, with statistical analysis completed using IBM SPSS (Version 27). Risk of bias was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.ResultsThe search returned 3234 papers, from which 204 were included with a total of 45 646 infants born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy across 36 countries. We found limited evidence of an increased risk of some neonatal morbidities, including respiratory disease. There was minimal evidence from low-income settings (1 study) and for neonatal outcomes following first trimester infection (17 studies). Neonatal mortality was very rare. Preterm birth, neonatal unit admission and small for gestational age status were more common in infants born following maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy in most larger studies.ConclusionsThere are limited data on neonatal morbidity and mortality following maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly from low-income countries and following early pregnancy infections. Large, representative studies addressing these outcomes are needed to understand the consequences for babies born to women with SARS-CoV-2.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021249818.
Pooled analysis of the association between mental health and violence against women: evidence from five settings in the Global South
Authors: Ramsoomar Leane , Gibbs Andrew , Chirwa Esnat D , Machisa Mercilene T , Alangea Deda Ogum , Addo-Lartey Adolphina Addoley , Dunkle Kristin , Jewkes Rachel 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo describe associations between men’s poor mental health (depressive and post-traumatic stress symptomatology) and their perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) and non-partner sexual violence (NPSV), and women’s mental health and their experiences of IPV and NPSV in five settings in the Global South.DesignA pooled analysis of data from baseline interviews with men and women participating in five violence against women and girls prevention intervention evaluations.SettingThree sub-Saharan African countries (South Africa, Ghana and Rwanda), and one Middle Eastern country, the occupied Palestinian territories.Participants7021 men and 4525 women 18+ years old from a mix of self-selecting and randomly selected household surveys.Main outcome measuresAll studies measured depression symptomatology using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression, and the Harvard Trauma Scale for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among men and women. IPV and NPSV were measured using items from modified WHO women’s health and domestic violence and a UN multicountry study to assess perpetration among men, and experience among women.FindingsOverall men’s poor mental health was associated with increased odds of perpetrating physical IPV and NPSV. Specifically, men who had more depressive symptoms had increased odds of reporting IPV (adjusted OR (aOR)=2.13; 95%CI 1.58 to 2.87) and NPSV (aOR=1.62; 95% CI 0.97 to 2.71) perpetration compared with those with fewer symptoms. Men reporting PTSD had higher odds of reporting IPV (aOR=1.87; 95% CI 1.44 to 2.43) and NPSV (aOR=2.13; 95% CI 1.49 to 3.05) perpetration compared with those without PTSD. Women who had experienced IPV (aOR=2.53; 95% CI 2.18 to 2.94) and NPSV (aOR=2.65; 95% CI 2.02 to 3.46) had increased odds of experiencing depressive symptoms compared with those who had not.ConclusionsInterventions aimed at preventing IPV and NPSV perpetration and experience must account for the mental health of men as a risk factor, and women’s experience.
Engaging lower screening groups: a field experiment to evaluate the impact of a multiwave national campaign on participation in the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program
Authors: Gascoyne Claudia , Broun Kate , Morley Belinda , Wyatt Kerryann , Feletto Eleonora , Durkin Sarah J 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesThis field study evaluated a multiwave media campaign that aired in 2019 to promote participation in the Australian National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP), which provides free biennial mailed-out immunochemical faecal occult blood test (iFOBT) kits to Australians aged 50–74 years.DesignAdjusted negative binomial regression models determined rate ratios of iFOBT kits returned during and following three campaign waves compared with 2018 (baseline). Interaction terms determined whether effects differed by gender×age group, socioeconomic status (SES) and previous participation.SettingAustralia.ParticipantsAll Australians eligible for the NBCSP (men and women aged 50–74 years) who returned an iFOBT kit between 1 January 2018 and 30 October 2019.InterventionsA multiwave national integrated media campaign to promote participation in the NBCSP.Main outcome measuresiFOBT kit return rate and number of iFOBT kits returned during and immediately following campaign activity overall and within historically lower screening groups (men, 50–59 years old; lower SES; never participants).ResultsThe rate of iFOBT kits returned increased significantly during all three campaign waves, with evidence of carry-over effects of the second wave coinciding with a general practitioner mail-out strategy (all p<0.001). At each wave, effects were observed among men and women in the younger (50–59 years old) age group, but were less consistent for the older age group. Each SES group and both never and previous participants had increased return rates at each wave, but increases were stronger among mid-higher SES and those who had never participated. An estimated 93 075 extra iFOBT kits were returned due to the campaign.ConclusionsThe campaign increased participation, especially among those who were younger and never previously screened—key groups to recruit given reparticipation rates of over 80%. Ongoing investment in national integrated media campaigns of sufficient duration and intensity can increase bowel cancer screening and ultimately save lives.
Identifying strategic human resource management ability in the clinical departments of public hospitals in China: a modified Delphi study
Authors: Feng Xingmiao , Qu Ying , Sun Kaijie , Luo Tao , Meng Kai 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesChinese public hospitals are managed like a bureaucracy, which is divided into two levels of hospital and departmental management. Improving strategic human resource management ability (SHRMA) within clinical departments can improve department performance and service quality, which is an important way for public hospitals to obtain an advantage in a diversified competitive medical market. However, there is a lack of specialised evaluation tools for SHRMA in clinical departments to support this effort. Therefore, this study aims to develop an index for evaluating the SHRMA of clinical departments in public hospitals.Study design and settingThe Delphi technique was carried out with 22 experts, and an evaluation index of the SHRMA in the clinical departments of public hospitals was constructed. The weight of each indicator was calculated by the intuitive fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.ResultsThe SHRMA index constructed in this study for the clinical departments in public hospitals includes 5 first-level indicators, 13 second-level indicators and 36 third-level indicators. The first-level indicators are distributed in weight among human resource maintenance (0.204), human resource planning (0.201), human resource development (0.200), human resource stimulation (0.198) and human resource absorption (0.198). The top three weighted indicators on the second level are job analysis and position evaluation (0.105), career management (0.103) and salary incentivisation (0.100).ConclusionsThe index constructed in this study is scientific and feasible and is expected to provide an effective tool for the quantitative evaluation of SHRMA in the clinical departments of public hospitals in China.
Mapping definitions, measures and methodologies of assessing police violence in the health literature: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Harris Latesha K , Conklin Jamie L , Woods-Giscombe Cheryl L , Cortés Yamnia I 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionPolice violence is a growing public health issue in the USA. Emerging evidence suggests that negative police encounters are associated with adverse physical and mental health outcomes. There is a critical need to examine the relationship between police violence and health disparities. However, the lack of consensus on a conceptual and operational definition of police violence is a limitation in scientific investigations on police violence and its health impacts. Here, we present the protocol for a scoping review that maps definitions, measures and methodologies of assessing police violence in the health literature.Methods and analysisWe will comprehensively search PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and APA PsycInfo databases. We will use the following string of key terms separated with the Boolean operator ‘or’: ‘police violence’, ‘police brutality’, ‘police use of force’, ‘law enforcement violence’, ‘law enforcement brutality’, ‘law enforcement use of force’ and ‘legal intervention’. An English language limit will be applied. We will include studies published in English or that have an English language abstract available. Eligible studies will include: (1) a definition of police violence and/or (2) a measurement of police violence.Ethics and disseminationThis scoping review does not require ethical approval. The findings of this review will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and at conferences.