bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
H i absorption associated with Norma’s brightest cluster galaxy
Authors: Saraf Manasvee , Wong O Ivy , Cortese Luca , Koribalski Bärbel S 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
ESO 137-G006 is the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) of the cool-core and dynamically young Norma cluster. We discover an atomic hydrogen (H i) absorption line associated with this BCG using the Australia Telescope Compact Array. We estimate a gas column density of $\approx (1.3 \pm 0.2) \times 10^{20}\, T_{\rm {spin}}$ atoms cm−2 with spin temperature, Tspin ≤ 194 K, consistent with the H i properties of other early-type galaxies and cool-core cluster BCGs. The relationship between the presence of cold gas and a cluster cooling flow is unclear. Our results support the scenario that ESO 137-G006 may be a recent arrival to the cluster centre and not the original BCG. This scenario is consistent with the observed spatial alignment of the BCG’s wide-angle tail radio lobes with Norma’s X-ray sub-cluster and the significant line-of-sight velocity offset between the mean velocity of Norma and that of the BCG.
Using the cosmological recombination radiation to probe early dark energy and fundamental constant variations
Authors: Hart Luke , Chluba Jens 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The cosmological recombination radiation (CRR) is one of the guaranteed spectral distortion signals from the early Universe. The CRR photons from hydrogen and helium pre-date the last scattering process and as such allow probing physical phenomena in the pre-recombination era. Here, we compute the modifications to the CRR caused by early dark energy models and varying electromagnetic fundamental constants. These new physics examples have seen increased recent activity in connection with the Hubble tension, motivating the exploratory study presented here. The associated CRR responses are spectrally rich but the level of the signals is small. We forecast the possible sensitivity of future spectrometers to these effects. Our estimates demonstrate that the CRR directly depends to changes in the expansion history and recombination physics during the pre-recombination era. However, futuristic sensitivities are required for spectrometer-only constraints that are competitive with other cosmological probes. Nevertheless, measurements of the CRR can directly reach into phases that otherwise remain inaccessible, highlighting the potential these types of observations could have as a probe of the early Universe. A combination with Planck data further shows that a synergistic approach is very promising.
The assembly of dusty galaxies at z ≥ 4: the build-up of stellar mass and its scaling relations with hints from early JWST data
Authors: Di Cesare C , Graziani L , Schneider R , Ginolfi M , Venditti A , Santini P , Hunt L K 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The increasing number of distant galaxies observed with ALMA by the ALPINE and REBELS surveys and the early release observations of the JWST promise to revolutionize our understanding of cosmic star formation and the assembly of normal, dusty galaxies. Here, we introduce a new suite of cosmological simulations performed with dustyGadget to interpret high-redshift data. We investigate the comoving star formation history, the stellar mass density, and a number of galaxy scaling relations such as the galaxy main sequence, the stellar-to-halo mass, and dust-to-stellar mass relations at z &gt; 4. The predicted star formation rate and total stellar mass density rapidly increase in time with a remarkable agreement with available observations, including recent JWST ERO and DD-ERS data at z ≥ 8. A well-defined galaxy main sequence is found already at z &lt; 10, following a non-evolving power-law, which – if extrapolated at high-mass end – is in agreement with JWST, REBELS, and ALPINE data. This is consistent with a star formation efficiently sustained by gas accretion and a specific star formation rate increasing with redshift, as established by recent observations. A population of low-mass galaxies (8 &lt; Log(M⋆/M⊙) &lt; 9) at z ≤ 6 − 7 that exceeds some of the current estimates of the stellar mass function is also at the origin of the scatter in the stellar-to-halo mass relation. Future JWST observations will provide invaluable constraints on these low-mass galaxies, helping to shed light on their role in cosmic evolution.
Breakdown of planetary systems in embedded clusters
Authors: Rickman H , Wajer P , Przyłuski R , Wiśniowski T , Nesvorný D , Morbidelli A 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
We report the first simulations of planetary system dynamics as affected by an embedded cluster environment. Such environments are generally believed to be relevant for the large majority of newborn stars of solar type. Moreover, our cluster model is more realistic than in previous work. We focus on a giant planet system with five members, which represents a likely precursor of our solar system. Our main result is that the perturbing effects of close encounters with cluster stars trigger dynamical chaos leading to breakdown of the system with a significant probability, especially if the natal gas discs are short-lived and the clusters are highly concentrated. When breakdown occurs, all planets except Jupiter suffer a large risk of being ejected from the system or extracted into distant orbits with semimajor axes of hundreds or thousands of astronomical units. This is consistent with recent estimates of a large abundance of low-mass, free-floating planets. We demonstrate a possibility for Jupiter and Saturn to evolve into hot Jupiter orbits by tidal circularization during the chaotic evolution. Even so, the low occurrence rate of this outcome indicates that the real hot Jupiters in general have an origin unrelated to dynamical evolution in birth clusters.
Looking for nebular He ii emission south of the multiple-massive star system, HD 5980
Authors: Sixtos A , Wofford A , Sander A A C , Peimbert A 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The nebular He ii λ1640 emission line is observed in star-forming galaxies out to large distances and can be used to constrain the properties of sources of He+-ionizing photons. For this purpose, it is crucial to understand which are the main stellar sources of these photons. In some nearby metal-poor starburst galaxies, nebular He ii λ4686 (optical equivalent) is accompanied by a broad underlying component, which is generally attributed to formation in the winds of classical (He-burning) Wolf–Rayet stars, primarily of the WN subtype. In such cases, the origin of the nebular component has been proposed to be the escape of He+-ionizing photons from the winds of the WN stars, at least partially. We use archival long-slit observations obtained with Focal Reducer Low Dispersion Spectrograph (FORS1) on the Very Large Telescope to look for nebular He ii λ4686 emission south of the WN6h + WN6-7 close binary in HD 5980. We only find broad He ii λ4686 emission, as far as ∼7.6 pc from the binary. A comparison with observations obtained with Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on the Hubble Space Telescope, at a similar orbital phase, shows that the FORS1 broad He ii emission is likely contamination from the multiple-star system HD 5980. We use models to show that no significant He+-ionizing flux is expected from the WN stars in HD 5980 and that when similar stars are present in a coeval stellar population, the O stars can be far greater emitters of He+-ionizing radiation.
Using molecular gas observations to guide initial conditions for star cluster simulations
Authors: Sills Alison , Rieder Steven , Buckner Anne S M , Hacar Alvaro , Portegies Zwart Simon , Teixeira Paula S 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The earliest evolution of star clusters involves a phase of co-existence of both newly formed stars, and the gas from which they are forming. Observations of the gas in such regions provide a wealth of data that can inform the simulations which are needed to follow the evolution of such objects forward in time. We present a method for transforming the observed gas properties into initial conditions for simulations that include gas, stars, and ongoing star formation. We demonstrate our technique using the Orion Nebula Cluster. Since the observations cannot provide all the necessary information for our simulations, we make choices for the missing data and assess the impact of those choices. We find that the results are insensitive to the adopted choices of the gas velocity in the plane of the sky. The properties of the surrounding gas cloud (e.g. overall density and size), however, have an effect on the star formation rate and pace of assembly of the resultant star cluster. We also analyse the stellar properties of the cluster and find that the stars become more tightly clustered and in a stronger radial distribution even as new stars form in the filament.
Strong toroidal magnetic fields sustained by the elastic crust in a neutron star
Authors: Fujisawa Kotaro , Kojima Yasufumi , Kisaka Shota 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
We investigate new solutions for magnetized neutron stars with a barotropic core in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibrium and a magnetoelastic crust, which was neglected by previous studies concerning stars in MHD equilibrium. The Lorentz force of the barotropic star is purely irrotational and the structures of magnetic fields are constrained. By contrast, a solenoidal component of the Lorentz force exists in the elastic crust and the structures of the magnetic fields are less restricted. We find that the minor solenoidal component in the elastic crust is important for sustaining the strong magnetic field in the core. Unlike previous studies, the toroidal magnetic field exists in the entire region of the core, and we obtain equilibrium states with large toroidal magnetic fields, where the toroidal magnetic energy is larger than the poloidal magnetic energy. The elastic force of the crust sustains an order of 1015 G toroidal magnetic field in the core, and the maximum strength of the toroidal magnetic field is approximately proportional to the crust thickness.
Prospects for future studies using deep imaging: analysis of individual Galactic cirrus filaments
Authors: Smirnov Anton A , Savchenko Sergey S , Poliakov Denis M , Marchuk Alexander A , Mosenkov Aleksandr V , Il’in Vladimir B , Gontcharov George A , Román Javier , Seguine Jonah 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTThe presence of Galactic cirrus is an obstacle for studying both faint objects in our Galaxy and low surface brightness extragalactic structures. With the aim of studying individual cirrus filaments in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Stripe 82 data, we develop techniques based on machine learning and neural networks that allow one to isolate filaments from foreground and background sources in the entirety of Stripe 82 with a precision similar to that of the human expert. Our photometric study of individual filaments indicates that only those brighter than 26 mag arcsec−2 in the SDSS r band are likely to be identified in SDSS Stripe 82 data by their distinctive colours in the optical bands. We also show a significant impact of data processing (e.g. flat-fielding, masking of bright stars, and sky subtraction) on colour estimation. Analysing the distribution of filaments’ colours with the help of mock simulations, we conclude that most filaments have colours in the following ranges: 0.55 ≤g − r ≤ 0.73 and 0.01 ≤ r − i ≤ 0.33. Our work provides a useful framework for an analysis of all types of low surface brightness features (cirri, tidal tails, stellar streams, etc.) in existing and future deep optical surveys. For practical purposes, we provide the catalogue of dust filaments.
Is the X-ray bright z = 5.5 quasar SRGE J170245.3+130104 a blazar?
Authors: An Tao , Wang Ailing , Liu Yuanqi , Sotnikova Yulia , Zhang Yingkang , Aditya J N H S , Jaiswal Sumit , Khorunzhev George , Lao Baoqiang , Lin Ruqiu , Mikhailov Alexander , Mingaliev Marat , Mufakharov Timur , Sazonov Sergey 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Jets may have contributed to promoting the growth of seed black holes in the early Universe, and thus observations of radio-loud high-redshift quasars are crucial to understanding the growth and evolution of the early supermassive black holes. Here we report the radio properties of an X-ray bright z = 5.5 quasar, SRGE J170245.3+130104 (J1702+1301). Our high-resolution radio images reveal the radio counterpart at the optical position of J1702+1301, while another radio component is also detected at ∼23.5 arcsec to the south-west. Our analysis suggests that this south-west component is associated with a foreground galaxy at z ≈ 0.677, which is mixed with J1702+1301 in low-frequency low-resolution radio images. After removing the contamination from this foreground source, we recalculated the radio loudness of J1702+1301 to be R &gt;1100, consistent with those of blazars. J1702+1301 exhibits a flat radio spectrum (α = −0.17 ± 0.05, S ∝ να) between 0.15 and 5 GHz; above 5 GHz, it shows a rising spectrum shape, and the spectral index $\alpha ^{8.2}_{4.7}$ appears to be correlated with the variation of the flux density: in burst states, $\alpha ^{8.2}_{4.7}$ becomes larger. J1702+1301 displays distinct radio variability on time-scales from weeks to years in the source’s rest frame. These radio properties, including high radio loudness, rising spectrum, and rapid variability, tend to support it as a blazar.
Sub-kpc radio jets in the brightest central galaxy of the cool-core galaxy cluster RXJ1720.1+2638
Authors: Perrott Yvette C , SM Gopika , Edge Alastair C , Grainge Keith J B , Green David A , Saunders Richard D E 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The cool-core galaxy cluster RXJ1720.1+2638 hosts extended radio emission near the cluster core, known as a minihalo. The origin of this emission is still debated and one piece of the puzzle has been the question of whether the supermassive black hole in the brightest central galaxy is actively powering jets. Here, we present high-resolution e-MERLIN observations clearly indicating the presence of sub-kpc jets; this may have implications for the proposed origin of the minihalo emission, providing an ongoing source of relativistic electrons rather than a single burst sometime in the past, as previously assumed in simulations attempting to reproduce observational characteristics of minihalo-hosting systems.
Rational design of hybrid DNA–RNA triplex structures as modulators of transcriptional activity in vitro
Authors: Cecconello Alessandro , Magro Massimiliano , Vianello Fabio , Simmel Friedrich C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Triplex nanostructures can be formed in vitro in the promoter region of DNA templates, and it is commonly accepted that these assemblies inhibit the transcription of the downstream genes. Herein, a proof of concept highlighting the possibility of the up- or downregulation of RNA transcription is presented. Hybrid DNA–RNA triplex nanostructures were rationally designed to produce bacterial transcription units with switchable promoters. The rate of RNA production was measured using the signal of a transcribed fluorescent RNA aptamer (i.e. Broccoli). Indeed, several designed bacterial promoters showed the ability of induced transcriptional inhibition, while other properly tailored sequences demonstrated switchable enhancement of transcriptional activity, representing an unprecedented feature to date. The use of RNA-regulated transcription units and fluorescent RNA aptamers as readouts will allow the realization of biocomputation circuits characterized by a strongly reduced set of components. Triplex forming RNA oligonucleotides are proposed as smart tools for transcriptional modulation and represent an alternative to current methods for producing logic gates using protein-based components.
Cis-mediated interactions of the SARS-CoV-2 frameshift RNA alter its conformations and affect function
Authors: Pekarek Lukas , Zimmer Matthias M , Gribling-Burrer Anne-Sophie , Buck Stefan , Smyth Redmond , Caliskan Neva 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The RNA genome of SARS-CoV-2 contains a frameshift stimulatory element (FSE) that allows access to an alternative reading frame through −1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF). −1PRF in the 1a/1b gene is essential for efficient viral replication and transcription of the viral genome. −1PRF efficiency relies on the presence of conserved RNA elements within the FSE. One of these elements is a three-stemmed pseudoknot, although alternative folds of the frameshift site might have functional roles as well. Here, by complementing ensemble and single-molecule structural analysis of SARS-CoV-2 frameshift RNA variants with functional data, we reveal a conformational interplay of the 5′ and 3′ immediate regions with the FSE and show that the extended FSE exists in multiple conformations. Furthermore, limiting the base pairing of the FSE with neighboring nucleotides can favor or impair the formation of the alternative folds, including the pseudoknot. Our results demonstrate that co-existing RNA structures can function together to fine-tune SARS-CoV-2 gene expression, which will aid efforts to design specific inhibitors of viral frameshifting.
Single-read tRNA-seq analysis reveals coordination of tRNA modification and aminoacylation and fragmentation
Authors: Hernandez-Alias Xavier , Katanski Christopher D , Zhang Wen , Assari Mahdi , Watkins Christopher P , Schaefer Martin H , Serrano Luis , Pan Tao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTransfer RNA (tRNA) utilizes multiple properties of abundance, modification, and aminoacylation in translational regulation. These properties were typically studied one-by-one; however, recent advance in high throughput tRNA sequencing enables their simultaneous assessment in the same sequencing data. How these properties are coordinated at the transcriptome level is an open question. Here, we develop a single-read tRNA analysis pipeline that takes advantage of the pseudo single-molecule nature of tRNA sequencing in NGS libraries. tRNAs are short enough that a single NGS read can represent one tRNA molecule, and can simultaneously report on the status of multiple modifications, aminoacylation, and fragmentation of each molecule. We find correlations among modification-modification, modification-aminoacylation and modification-fragmentation. We identify interdependencies among one of the most common tRNA modifications, m1A58, as coordinators of tissue-specific gene expression. Our method, SingLe-read Analysis of Crosstalks (SLAC), reveals tRNAome-wide networks of modifications, aminoacylation, and fragmentation. We observe changes of these networks under different stresses, and assign a function for tRNA modification in translational regulation and fragment biogenesis. SLAC leverages the richness of the tRNA-seq data and provides new insights on the coordination of tRNA properties.
Democratic Tourism
Authors: Bechmann Pedersen Sune , Anttila Anu-Hanna 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The introduction of paid holidays during the interwar years democratized travel and laid the foundation for modern mass tourism. In European democracies, the right to paid leave found supporters from across the political spectrum who viewed it a means to improve the health of the labor force, increase industrial output, and safeguard family values. Workers also gained new leisure opportunities in countries without a state regulated right to paid holidays. Moral entrepreneurs debated how to combat idleness and ensure workers use their new leisure time in productive ways. Social tourism subsidized by the state or NGOs, and catering to those disadvantaged by poverty or poor health thus tended to involve education and moral guidance. The sustained postwar economic growth experienced by liberal democracies largely made this form of tourism obsolete because workers could afford commercial package tours meeting consumerist holiday ideals.
The Mediator complex subunit MED25 interacts with HDA9 and PIF4 to regulate thermomorphogenesis
Authors: Shapulatov Umidjon , van Zanten Martijn , van Hoogdalem Mark , Meisenburg Mara , van Hall Alexander , Kappers Iris , Fasano Carlo , Facella Paolo , Loh Chi Cheng , Perrella Giorgio , van der Krol Alexander 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Thermomorphogenesis is, among other traits, characterized by enhanced hypocotyl elongation due to the induction of auxin biosynthesis genes like YUCCA8 by transcription factors, most notably PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4). Efficient binding of PIF4 to the YUCCA8 locus under warmth depends on HISTONE DEACETYLASE 9 (HDA9) activity, which mediates histone H2A.Z depletion at the YUCCA8 locus. However, HDA9 lacks intrinsic DNA-binding capacity, and how HDA9 is recruited to YUCCA8, and possibly other PIF4-target sites, is currently not well understood. The Mediator complex functions as a bridge between transcription factors bound to specific promoter sequences and the basal transcription machinery containing RNA polymerase II. Mutants of Mediator component Mediator25 (MED25) exhibit reduced hypocotyl elongation and reduced expression of YUCCA8 at 27°C. In line with a proposed role for MED25 in thermomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), we demonstrated an enhanced association of MED25 to the YUCCA8 locus under warmth and interaction of MED25 with both PIF4 and HDA9. Genetic analysis confirmed that MED25 and HDA9 operate in the same pathway. Intriguingly, we also showed that MED25 destabilizes HDA9 protein. Based on our findings, we propose that MED25 recruits HDA9 to the YUCCA8 locus by binding to both PIF4 and HDA9.
Randomized controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of soticlestat as adjunctive therapy in adults with complex regional pain syndrome
Authors: Ratcliffe Stuart , Arkilo Dimitrios , Asgharnejad Mahnaz , Bhattacharya Sudipta , Harden R Norman 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
The objective was to investigate the efficacy and safety of soticlestat as adjunctive therapy in participants with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS).

Design
A proof-of-concept phase 2a study, comprising a 15-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study (part A), and an optional 14-week open-label extension (part B).

Methods
Twenty-four participants (median age 44.5 years [range, 18–62 years]; 70.8% female) with chronic CRPS were randomized (2:1) to receive oral soticlestat or placebo. Soticlestat dosing started at 100 mg twice daily and was titrated up to 300 mg twice daily. In part B, soticlestat dosing started at 200 mg twice daily and was titrated up or down at the investigator’s discretion. Pain intensity scores using the 11-point Numeric Pain Scale (NPS) were collected daily. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-29, Patients’ Global Impression of Change (PGI-C), and CRPS Severity Score (CSS) were completed at screening and weeks 15 and 29.

Results
From baseline to week 15, soticlestat treatment was associated with a mean change in 24-hour pain intensity NPS score (95% confidence interval) of –0.75 (–1.55, 0.05) vs –0.41 (–1.41, 0.59) in the placebo group, resulting in a non-significant placebo-adjusted difference of –0.34 (–1.55, 0.88; P = .570). Statistically non-significant numerical changes were observed for the PROMIS-29, PGI-C, and CSS at weeks 15 and 29.

Conclusions
Adjunctive soticlestat treatment did not significantly reduce pain intensity in participants with chronic CRPS.