bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical metamaterials for sports helmets: structural mechanics, design optimisation, and performance
Authors: Haid Daniel , Foster Leon , Hart John , Greenwald Richard , Allen Tom , Sareh Pooya , Duncan Olly 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Sports concussions are a public health concern. Improving helmet performance to reduce concussion risk is a key part of the research and development community response. Direct and oblique head impacts with compliant surfaces that cause long-duration moderate or high linear and rotational accelerations are associated with a high rate of clinical diagnoses of concussion. As engineered structures with unusual combinations of properties, mechanical metamaterials are being applied to sports helmets, with the goal of improving impact performance and reducing brain injury risk. Replacing established helmet material (i.e. foam) selection with a metamaterial design approach (structuring material to obtain desired properties) allows the development of near-optimal properties. Objective functions based on an up-to-date understanding of concussion, and helmet testing that is representative of actual sporting collisions and falls, could be applied to topology optimisation regimes, when designing mechanical metamaterials for helmets. Such regimes balance computational efficiency with predictive accuracy, both of which could be improved under high strains and strain rates to allow helmet modifications as knowledge of concussion develops. Researchers could also share mechanical metamaterial data, topologies, and computational models in open, homogenised repositories, to improve the efficiency of their development.
Exact soliton solutions and soliton diffusion of two kinds of stochastic KdV equations with variable coefficients
Authors: Wang Yvye , Li Changzhao , Wang Chuanjian , Shi Jianping , Liu Zhangxiang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the exact solutions and soliton diffusion phenomenon of two kinds of stochastic KdV equations with variable coefficients. Firstly, according to symmetric reduction, stochastic KdV equations with variable coefficients are transformed into a coupled system of a deterministic KdV-type equation with variable coefficients and a solvable stochastic ordinary differential equation. Then, by the generalized wave transformation and the Clarkson-Kruskal direct method, we obtain the exact solutions of the deterministic KdV-type equation with variable coefficients. By coupling with the exact solutions of the stochastic ordinary differential equation, the exact solutions of stochastic KdV equations with variable coefficients are obtained. Compared to Wick-type stochastic KdV equations, our research work does not require additional inverse transformations, but solves stochastic partial differential equations more concisely, systematically, and directly. Secondly, two examples are given to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis, and the soliton diffusion phenomenon of the system is discussed. Finally, by the Zabusky-Kruskal finite difference scheme, numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the analytic methods. The results indicate that the soliton diffusion phenomenon is subject to noise influence. In particular, the wave speed accelerates the soliton diffusion over time in the multiplicative noise background, and the wave speed slows down the soliton diffusion over time in the additive noise background.
Low-temperature metal–oxide thin-film transistor technologies for implementing flexible electronic circuits and systems
Authors: Shi Runxiao , Lei Tengteng , Xia Zhihe , Wong Man 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Here we review two 300 °C metal–oxide (MO) thin-film transistor (TFT) technologies for the implementation of flexible electronic circuits and systems. Fluorination-enhanced TFTs for suppressing the variation and shift of turn-on voltage (V
ON), and dual-gate TFTs for acquiring sensor signals and modulating V
ON have been deployed to improve the robustness and performance of the systems in which they are deployed. Digital circuit building blocks based on fluorinated TFTs have been designed, fabricated, and characterized, which demonstrate the utility of the proposed low-temperature TFT technologies for implementing flexible electronic systems. The construction and characterization of an analog front-end system for the acquisition of bio-potential signals and an active-matrix sensor array for the acquisition of tactile images have been reported recently.
Impedance spectroscopy for quantum dot light-emitting diodes
Authors: Qu Xiangwei , Sun Xiaowei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Impedance spectroscopy has been increasingly employed in quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) to investigate the charge dynamics and device physics. In this review, we introduce the mathematical basics of impedance spectroscopy that applied to QLEDs. In particular, we focus on the Nyquist plot, Mott−Schottky analysis, capacitance-frequency and capacitance-voltage characteristics, and the dC/dV measurement of the QLEDs. These impedance measurements can provide critical information on electrical parameters such as equivalent circuit models, characteristic time constants, charge injection and recombination points, and trap distribution of the QLEDs. However, this paper will also discuss the disadvantages and limitations of these measurements. Fundamentally, this review provides a deeper understanding of the device physics of QLEDs through the application of impedance spectroscopy, offering valuable insights into the analysis of performance loss and degradation mechanisms of QLEDs.
A dual-mode image sensor using an all-inorganic perovskite nanowire array for standard and neuromorphic imaging
Authors: Long Zhenghao , Ding Yucheng , Qiu Xiao , Zhou Yu , Kumar Shivam , Fan Zhiyong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The high-density, vertically aligned retinal neuron array provides effective vision, a feature we aim to replicate with electronic devices. However, the conventional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor, based on separate designs for sensing, memory, and processing units, limits its integration density. Moreover, redundant signal communication significantly increases energy consumption. Current neuromorphic devices integrating sensing and signal processing show promise in various computer vision applications, but there is still a need for frame-based imaging with good compatibility. In this study, we developed a dual-mode image sensor based on a high-density all-inorganic perovskite nanowire array. The device can switch between frame-based standard imaging mode and neuromorphic imaging mode by applying different biases. This unique bias-dependent photo response is based on a well-designed energy band diagram. The biomimetic alignment of nanowires ensures the potential for high-resolution imaging. To further demonstrate the imaging ability, we conducted pattern reconstruction in both modes with a 10 × 10 crossbar device. This study introduces a novel image sensor with high compatibility and efficiency, suitable for various applications including computer vision, surveillance, and robotics.
Observation of reduced-turbulence regime with tungsten injection in HL-2A edge plasmas
Authors: Zou Q. , Cheng J. , Shi Z.B. , Xu Y. , Yan L.W. , Dong C.F. , Chen X. , Zhang W. , Zhu Y.J. , Huang Z.H. , Wang W.C. , Wu N. , Liu L. , Tang C.J. , Ji X.Q. , Zhong W.L. , Xu M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A reduced-turbulence regime has been observed in HL-2A NBI-heated deuterium plasmas. The transition to this regime is achieved by injecting a certain amount of tungsten into the plasma based on the laser blow-off technique. It has been found that the amplitude of geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) zonal flow and turbulent vortex size together with eddy tilting angle are all significantly increased in the edge region after tungsten injection. However, the frequency of GAM zonal flow remains nearly unchanged. Measurement shows the nonlinear coupling degree of turbulence dramatically increases while the collisional damping of GAM zonal flow drops slightly. We conclude that the increased nonlinear coupling is the main cause of the excitation of GAM zonal flow, which consequently results in the reduction in turbulent transport as observed in this experiment. These results indicate that tungsten ions play an active role in turbulence-GAM dynamics through a symmetry-breaking mechanism, which could help us to better understand the inherent physical mechanisms governing turbulent transport in the presence of high-Z impurity ions in fusion plasmas.
Evolutionary dynamics of a lattice dimer: a toy model for stability vs. affinity trade-offs in proteins
Authors: Loffredo E , Vesconi E , Razban R , Peleg O , Shakhnovich E , Cocco S , Monasson R 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Understanding how a stressor applied on a biological system shapes its evolution is key to achieving targeted evolutionary control. Here we present a toy model of two interacting lattice proteins to quantify the response to the selective pressure defined by the binding energy. We generate sequence data of proteins and study how the sequence and structural properties of dimers are affected by the applied selective pressure, both during the evolutionary process and in the stationary regime. In particular we show that internal contacts of native structures lose strength, while inter-structure contacts are strengthened due to the folding-binding competition. We discuss how dimerization is achieved through enhanced mutability on the interacting faces, and how the designability of each native structure changes upon introduction of the stressor.
Scaling symmetries, contact reduction and Poincaré’s dream
Authors: Bravetti Alessandro , Jackman Connor , Sloan David 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We state conditions under which a symplectic Hamiltonian system admitting a certain type of symmetry (a scaling symmetry) may be reduced to a type of contact Hamiltonian system, on a space of one less dimension. We observe that such contact reductions underly the well-known McGehee blow-up process from classical mechanics. As a consequence of this broader perspective, we associate a type of variational Herglotz principle associated to these classical blow-ups. Moreover, we consider some more flexible situations for certain Hamiltonian systems depending on parameters, to which the contact reduction may be applied to yield contact Hamiltonian systems along with their Herglotz variational counterparts as the underlying systems of the associated scale-invariant dynamics. From a philosophical perspective, one obtains an equivalent description for the same physical phenomenon, but with fewer inputs needed, thus realizing Poincaré’s dream of a scale-invariant description of the Universe.
Growth and Yield Performance of Genotype Sweet Corn (Zea mays L) with Dosage of Trichoderma sp
Authors: Wahyurini E , Supriyanta B , Suprihanti A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The aim of the study was to obtain the interaction between the sweet corn genotype and the Trichoderma sp dose. The method used Completely Randomized Block Design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor is genotype : Talenta, Sweet Boy, TLT 29, SBD 2-23, TLSB 3-3 and CMP 3-63. The second factor is dose Trichoderma (20, 25 and 30 ton/ha). The data were analyzed using Anova 5% and if there were significantly different variables, further DMRT test. The results showed that CMP 3-63 genotype with Trichoderma sp 20 tons/ha could increase the weight of the cob without bractea, TLT 29 genotype had a large stem diameter, and the number of rows on the cob was larger. SBD 2-23 genotype higher sweetness. Talenta and Sweet Boy have a greater cob weight without bractea. Trichoderma sp did not significantly affect the growth and yield of sweet corn.
Climate Change and Potato Cultivation: A Geographical Shift and Its Implications
Authors: Lakatos L , Misik T , Csabai E K , Cs Patkós 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This research scrutinizes the shifting geographical trends in potato cultivation and its relation to climate change. Our study leverages historical FAO data and employs an analytical lens to assess the divergent patterns of potato production between the European Union and regions including Asia, South America, and Africa. Focusing on temperature and precipitation as critical climatic factors, we discovered that these elements can considerably limit potato cultivation in warmer countries and significantly affect yields in temperate regions. Our findings corroborate the notion that climate change could result in diminished potato yields due to increased temperature and unfavorable water supply. Furthermore, it was observed that potato growth is adversely affected by higher temperatures and suboptimal water conditions, influencing plant development, leaf senescence, tuber growth, and ultimately, yield. Interestingly, our research also unveils a potential solution: the advent of drought-tolerant potato varieties and water-saving tillage technologies, which could help farmers adapt to these climatic changes. These findings underscore the urgent need for continued research in the development of climate-resilient crops and agricultural practices to ensure future food security.
Enhanced Soybean Growth and Damping-off Disease Suppression via Trichoderma asperellum and Liquid Tofu Waste Co-application
Authors: Andriani E , Prihatiningrum A E , Sutarman  
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study aims to examine the inhibitory properties of Trichoderma asperellum Tc-Jjr-02 against Rhizoctonia sp. Rz-Sd05, and the associated effects of its combined application with liquid tofu waste on damping-off disease in soybeans, as well as on the vegetative growth parameters of the plant. An in vitro dual-culture technique was employed for the inhibition test, while in vivo plant growth parameters were examined using a factorial Randomized Block Design. Observational variables included the disease symptom index, plant height, leaf number, and dry weights of shoot and root. The application of T. asperellum and tofu waste was found to inhibit Rhizoctonia sp. Rz-Sd05 by 58.52 ± 4.12%, reducing damping-off symptoms by up to 69.8%. Furthermore, the co-application significantly improved the soybean’s vegetative growth, leading to increases of 27.3-35.8% in plant height, 16.1-25.2% in leaf numbers, and up to 31.3% and 47.5% in root and shoot weights respectively, compared to control conditions. These findings suggest that the combined application of T. asperellum and liquid tofu waste can effectively mitigate damping-off disease and enhance soybean growth, providing a sustainable approach to improving crop health and yield.
Watering Regimes Impact on Pakcoy Mustard Growth, Yield, and Nutrient Dynamics
Authors: Luthfiyyani F , Abror M , Arifin S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of watering volumes on the growth, yield, and nutrient dynamics in Pakcoy Mustard plants grown in East Java. Conducted from July to August 2022, the experiment used a randomized block design comprising three levels: 10 liters, 7 liters, and 4 liters of water, each with five replications. Our findings underscored a strong correlation between water quantity and crop yield. Specifically, the treatment with 4 liters of water resulted in the lowest yield due to suboptimal conditions involving significant water reduction and high nutrient concentration (ppm) coupled with low pH values, yielding a wet weight of 63,432 grams and dry weight of 1,698 grams. Conversely, the best crop yield was achieved with the 7-liter treatment, which facilitated optimum nutrient absorption (ppm) and pH levels, accounting for 85.3% of the variation, while 14.7% was attributable to external factors. The study unveiled a substantial effect of reduced watering on nutrient concentration, with lower water amounts leading to increased nutrient density and more acidic conditions due to decreased pH values. These findings underscore the criticality of balancing water volume and nutrient dynamics for optimizing pakcoy mustard yields and may have significant implications for home-based agriculture and water management practices.
Development of an Automatic Water Flow Sensor System Using ESP32 for Efficient Water Control
Authors: Majid A , Jamaaluddin  , Wiguna A , Setiawan H , Farihah A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Access to clean and reliable drinking water is essential for human well-being. This research aims to develop an automatic water flow sensor system based on ESP32 microcontroller for efficient water control. The study employs the Development (Observation) method to observe and record the activities involved in the system development process. The system allows users to adjust the water discharge according to their requirements by utilizing a keypad interface and modifying the Arduino IDE code. The experimental results demonstrate a high accuracy of 92% with an 8% error rate, indicating the system’s reliability in controlling the water flow. Moreover, stabilizing the ESP32 microcontroller by providing a voltage of at least 5V ensures optimal performance. The findings suggest the practicality and cost-effectiveness of the developed system, which can contribute to improving water management and conservation efforts worldwide.
Water Quality Assesment Based on Government Regulation Standard in Sangkalami River, North Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Authors: Cahyadi T A , Jayadianti H , Ernawati R , Ardiawan  , Ansori M I , Firmansyah I 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Sangkalami river was located in, Tanjung Palas Tengah, Bulungan, North Kalimantan. Main issues that occured in Sangkalami River is there was an active open pit coal mine nearby and currently using Sangkalami River as the main outlet of Acid Mine Drainage as a result of mining activities. The goal of this research is to be able provide information regarding potential contamination in Sangkalami River due to coal mine activities nearby. Sample water from the river will be taken to be tested in laboratory for extracting information regarding existing water quality. Government Regulation of Indonesia Number 22 of 2021 will be used as water quality standard to compare the level of pH, Mn, H2S, DO, COD, and BOD in Sangkalami River to the government implemented standard regarding water quality. Main goal of the study is to be able to provide information about contamination level that occured in Sangkalami River.
Phytoremediation Potential of Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) in Iron-Contaminated Mudflow Sites: A Case Study from Lapindo, Indonesia
Authors: Arifin S , Alni M , Abror M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This research investigates the potential of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) for phytoremediation in land areas contaminated with high levels of iron (Fe) metal due to the 2006 Lapindo mudflow in Indonesia. The study was conducted in the Jetis Village, Sidoarjo District, from December 2021 to February 2022, employing the Randomized Complete Block Design (RAK) method. The methodology involved the addition of different concentrations of Lapindo mud (0% as control, 10%, 20%, and 30%) to the planting medium. Our findings reveal a significant relationship between the concentration of Lapindo mud and several plant metrics, such as plant height, leaf count, and wet and dry weight, all of which were assessed using regression and correlation analysis. Additionally, we observed that a 30% concentration of the mud led to physical stunting in the shallot plants, implying that excessive absorption of heavy metals can inhibit growth. Notably, in the 30% mud concentration scenario, the Fe content was reduced from an initial 11.82% to 4.52% post-planting. The study thus confirms the capacity of shallots to perform phytoremediation, specifically by decreasing Fe content, thereby offering a potential sustainable solution to manage metal-contaminated sites resulting from geological disasters.
Assessing Technological Sophistication in Food Ingredient Industry: A Path to Modernization for Ensuring Food Safety and Quality
Authors: Aji P B , Wahyuni H C , Sobirov B 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the level of technological sophistication in a food ingredient company based on food safety aspects using technometric and AHP integration. The production process of pregelatinized starch as a premium and specialty product and its supporting processes were evaluated. The technometric approach was used to assess the level of sophistication of each technology component, and AHP was employed to determine the contribution of each technology component. The results showed that the company had a highly sophisticated technological level with a TCC value of 0.909, and the highest contribution of sophistication was found in the orgaware component, followed by infoware, humanware, and technoware. These findings imply that the company has modern technology levels and is capable of meeting customer requirements for food safety and quality.
The Role of Citrus Lemon Aromatherapy in Alleviating Pregnancy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: A Food Science Perspective
Authors: Nahdiana N , Cholifah S , Purwanti Y , Widowati H 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This research examined the effectiveness of citrus lemon aromatherapy, a natural plant-based intervention, and PC6 acupressure in reducing nausea and vomiting during the initial trimester of pregnancy, utilizing the principles of food science. The research utilized a non-probability quota sampling technique to select a sample of 40 expectant mothers. The study employed a two-group quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design. The study involved the categorization of participants into two groups, namely aromatherapy and acupressure. The intensity of nausea and vomiting was assessed using the PUQE-24 instrument. The study analyzed pre- and post-intervention scores and found a statistically significant decrease in symptoms after the intervention. The Independent Sample T-Test yielded a p-value of 0.000. The comparative efficacy of both interventions was found to be statistically insignificant (p=0.465). The results emphasize the usefulness of utilizing citrus lemon aromatherapy as a non-pharmacological intervention for pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting. This intervention is both safe and effective and has potential implications for its integration into obstetric and midwifery practice within the larger context of food science.