bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative flows of generalized KdV and mKdV hierarchies and their gauge-Miura transformations
Authors: Adans Ysla F. , França Guilherme , Gomes José F. , Lobo Gabriel V. , Zimerman Abraham H. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The KdV hierarchy is a paradigmatic example of the rich mathematical structure underlying integrable systems and has far-reaching connections in several areas of theoretical physics. While the positive part of the KdV hierarchy is well known, in this paper we consider an affine Lie algebraic construction for its negative part. We show that the original Miura transformation can be extended to a gauge transformation that implies several new types of relations among the negative flows of the KdV and mKdV hierarchies. Contrary to the positive flows, such a “gauge-Miura” correspondence becomes degenerate whereby more than one negative mKdV model is mapped into a single negative KdV model. For instance, the sine-Gordon and another negative mKdV flow are mapped into a single negative KdV flow which inherits solutions of both former models. The gauge-Miura correspondence implies a rich degeneracy regarding solutions of these hierarchies. We obtain similar results for the generalized KdV and mKdV hierachies constructed with the affine Lie algebra $$ \hat{s\ell}\left(r+1\right) $$

s
ℓ

̂

r
+
1

. In this case the first negative mKdV flow corresponds to an affine Toda field theory and the gauge-Miura correspondence yields its KdV counterpart. In particular, we show explicitly a KdV analog of the Tzitzéica-Bullough-Dodd model. In short, we uncover a rich mathematical structure for the negative flows of integrable hierarchies obtaining novel relations and integrable systems.
Multi-scale Simulation of Subsequent Tsunami Waves in Japan Excited by Air Pressure Waves Due to the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption
Authors: Miyashita Takuya , Nishino Ai , Ho Tung-Cheng , Yasuda Tomohiro , Mori Nobuhito , Shimura Tomoya , Fukui Nobuki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai eruption generated tsunamis that propagated across the Pacific Ocean. Along the coast of Japan, nearshore amplification led to amplitudes of nearly 1 m at some locations, with varying peak tsunami occurrence times. The leading tsunami wave can generally be reproduced by Lamb waves, which are a type of air-pressure wave generated by an eruption. However, subsequent tsunamis that occurred several hours after the leading wave tended to be larger for unknown reasons. This study performs multi-scale numerical simulations to investigate subsequent tsunami waves in the vicinity of Japan induced by air pressure waves caused by the eruption. The atmospheric pressure field was created using a dispersion relation of atmospheric gravity wave and tuned by physical parameters based on observational records. The tsunami simulations used the adaptive mesh refinement method, incorporating detailed bathymetry and topography to solve the tsunami at various spatial scales. The simulations effectively reproduced the tsunami waveforms observed at numerous coastal locations, and results indicate that the factors contributing to the maximum tsunami amplitude differ by region. In particular, bay resonance plays a major role in determining the maximum amplitude at many sites along the east coast of Japan. However, large tsunami amplification at some west coast locations was not replicated, probably because it was caused by amplification during oceanic wave propagation rather than meteorological factors. These findings enhance our understanding of meteotsunami complexity and help distinguish tsunami amplification factors.
Noninvasive inter- and intrafractional motion control in ultrahypofractionated radiation therapy of prostate cancer using RayPilot HypoCath™—a substitute for gold fiducial-based IGRT?
Authors: Berchtold Johannes , Winkler Carmen , Karner Josef , Groher Michael , Gaisberger Christoph , Sedlmayer Felix , Wolf Frank 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
In ultrahypofractionated radiation concepts, managing of intrafractional motion is mandatory because tighter margins are used and random errors resulting from prostate movement are not averaged out over a large number of fractions. Noninvasive live monitoring of prostate movement is a desirable asset for LINAC-based prostate stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

Methods
We prospectively analyzed a novel live tracking device (RayPilot HypoCath™; Micropos Medical AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) where a transmitter is noninvasively positioned in the prostatic urethra using a Foley catheter in 12 patients undergoing ultrahypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) of the prostate. Gold fiducials (Innovative Technology Völp, Innsbruck, Austria) were implanted to allow comparison of accuracy and positional stability of the HypoCath system and its ability to be used as a standalone IGRT method. Spatial stability of the transponder was assessed by analyzing transmitter movement in relation to gold markers (GM) in superimposed kV image pairs. Inter- and intrafractional prostate movement and the impact of its correction were analyzed.

Results
A total of 64 fractions were analyzed. The average resulting deviation vector compared to the GM-based position was 1.2 mm and 0.7 mm for inter- and intrafractional motion, respectively. The mean intrafractional displacement vector of the prostate was 1.9 mm. Table readjustment due to exceeding the threshold of 3 mm was required in 18.8% of fractions. Repositioning reduced the time spent outside the 3‑mm margin from 7.9% to 3.8% of beam-on time. However, for individual patients, the time spent outside the 3‑mm margin was reduced from to 49% to 19%.

Conclusion
the HypoCath system allows highly accurate and robust intrafractional motion monitoring. In conjunction with cone beam CT (CBCT) for initial patient setup, it could be used as a standalone image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) system.
Gender differences in the associations between childhood adversity and psychopathology in the general population
Authors: Prachason Thanavadee , Mutlu Irem , Fusar-Poli Laura , Menne-Lothmann Claudia , Decoster Jeroen , van Winkel Ruud , Collip Dina , Delespaul Philippe , De Hert Marc , Derom Catherine , Thiery Evert , Jacobs Nele , Wichers Marieke , van Os Jim , Rutten Bart P. F. , Pries Lotta-Katrin , Guloksuz Sinan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To explore gender differences of the associations between childhood adversity (CA) subtypes and psychiatric symptoms in the general population.

Methods
Data of 791 participants were retrieved from a general population twin cohort. The Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were used to assess overall psychopathology with nine symptom domains scores and total CA with exposure to five CA subtypes, respectively. The associations between CA and psychopathology were analyzed in men and women separately and were subsequently compared.

Results
Total CA was associated with total SCL-90 and all symptom domains without significant gender differences. However, the analyses of CA subtypes showed that the association between emotional abuse and total SCL-90 was stronger in women compared to men [χ2(1) = 4.10, P = 0.043]. Sexual abuse was significantly associated with total SCL-90 in women, but emotional neglect and physical neglect were associated with total SCL-90 in men. Exploratory analyses of CA subtypes and SCL-90 subdomains confirmed the pattern of gender-specific associations. In women, emotional abuse was associated with all symptom domains, and sexual abuse was associated with all except phobic anxiety and interpersonal sensitivity. In men, emotional neglect was associated with depression, and physical neglect was associated with phobic anxiety, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, obsessive–compulsive, paranoid ideation, and hostility subdomains.

Conclusion
CA is a trans-syndromal risk factor regardless of gender. However, differential associations between CA subtypes and symptom manifestation might exist. Abuse might be particularly associated with psychopathology in women, whereas neglect might be associated with psychopathology in men.
The Space Complexity of Sum Labelling
Authors: Fernau Henning , Gajjar Kshitij 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA graph is called a sum graph if its vertices can be labelled by distinct positive integers such that there is an edge between two vertices if and only if the sum of their labels is the label of another vertex of the graph. Most papers on sum graphs consider combinatorial questions like the minimum number of isolated vertices that need to be added to a given graph to make it a sum graph. In this paper, we initiate the study of sum graphs from the viewpoint of computational complexity. Notice that every n-vertex sum graph can be represented by a sorted list of n positive integers where edge queries can be answered in $$\mathscr {O}(\log n)$$

O
(
log
n
)

time. Therefore, upper-bounding the numbers used as vertex labels also upper-bounds the space complexity of storing the graph in the database. We show that every n-vertex, m-edge, d-degenerate graph can be made a sum graph by adding at most m isolated vertices to it, such that the largest numbers used as vertex labels grows as $$\mathscr {O}(n^2d)$$

O
(

n
2

d
)

. This enables us to store the graph using $$\mathscr {O}(m\log n)$$

O
(
m
log
n
)

bits of memory. For sparse graphs (graphs with $$\mathscr {O}(n)$$

O
(
n
)

edges), this matches the trivial lower bound of $$\Omega (n\log n)$$

Ω
(
n
log
n
)

. As planar graphs and forests have constant degeneracy, our result implies an upper bound of $$\mathscr {O}(n^2)$$

O
(

n
2

)

on their label numbers. The previously best known upper bound on the numbers needed for labelling general graphs with the minimum number of isolated vertices was $$\mathscr {O}(4^n)$$

O
(

4
n

)

, due to Kratochvíl, Miller & Nguyen (2001). Furthermore, their proof was existential, whereas our labelling can be constructed in polynomial time.
The Use of Posterior Auricular Fascia Graft (PAFG) for Slight Dorsal Augmentation and Irregular Dorsum Coverage in Primary and Revision Rhinoplasty: A Prospective Study
Authors: La Padula Simone , Pensato Rosita , Pizza Chiara , Rega Umberto , D’Andrea Francesco , Roccaro Giovanni , Ungerer Lucas , Telesco Fabrizia , Canta Luigi , Longo Benedetto , Al-Amer Rasmieh , Meningaud Jean-Paul , Hersant Barbara , Coiante Edoardo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Augmentation and coverage of irregularities of the nasal dorsum remain a challenge in rhinoplasty. Different techniques have been described in the current literature for this purpose. The aim of this study is to assess and illustrate the author experience and outcomes using the posterior auricular fascia graft (PAFG) for dorsal camouflage and augmentation in primary and revision rhinoplasty.

Material and Methods
A prospective bicentric study was conducted, including patients with slight dorsal deficiencies and/or with dorsal irregularities following hump resection, trauma or previous rhinoplasty receiving PAFG to improve the rhinoplasty outcome. To objectively assess the graft resorption rate, MRI was performed 2 weeks and 18 months after surgery. To investigate patient satisfaction, the preoperative and 1-year postoperative scores obtained using the rhinoplasty outcomes evaluation (ROE) scale were compared. The scores following a normal distribution obtained for each patient were compared using a paired t-test.

Results
Forty-five patients were enroled in this study. Average follow-up duration was 35.4 months. Patients’ age ranged from 17 to 57 years. No cases of infection or major graft resorption were observed. No postoperative scars were visible at the donor site. All patients were satisfied after surgery, and a statistically significant difference between pre- and postoperative scores (p<0.0001) was observed.

Conclusion
This study showed that PAFG is a reliable technique for dorsal camouflage and slight augmentation in primary and revision rhinoplasty. The procedure is safe, easy and quick and only requires a small learning curve.

Level of Evidence II
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Does experience change the role of systematic biopsy during MRI-fusion biopsy of the prostate?
Authors: Jahnen Matthias , Amiel Thomas , Wagner Tobias , Kirchhoff Florian , Büchler Jakob W. , Düwel Charlotte , Koll Florestan , Westenfelder Kay , Horn Thomas , Herkommer Kathleen , Meissner Valentin H. , Gschwend Jürgen E. , Lunger Lukas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the role of biopsy experience regarding a potential benefit of additional systematic biopsies and fusion failures during MRI-targeted biopsy of the prostate.

Subjects/patients and methods
We retrospectively evaluated 576 men undergoing transrectal (MRI)-targeted biopsy of the prostate by seven residents in urology between November 2019 and March 2022. Benefit of systematic biopsies (detection of ISUP ≥ 2 PCa (clinically significant PCa (csPCa)) solely in systematic biopsies) and fusion failure (detection of csPCa during systematic biopsies in the area of a reported MRI-lesion and no detection of csPCa in targeted biopsy) were compared by growing biopsy experience levels. Multivariable regression analyses were calculated to investigate the association with benefit of systematic biopsies and fusion failure.

Results
The overall PCa detection rate was 72% (413/576). A benefit of systematic biopsies was observed in 11% (63/576); of those, fusion failure was seen in 76% (48/63). Benefit of systematic biopsies and fusion failure were more common among residents with very low experience compared to highly experienced residents (18% versus 4%, p = 0.026; 13% versus 3%, p = 0.015, respectively). Increasing biopsy experience was associated with less benefit from systematic biopsies (OR: 0.98, 95% CI 0.97–0.99) and less fusion failure (OR: 0.98, 95% CI 0.97–0.99).

Conclusions
The benefit of systematic biopsies following targeted biopsy decreases with growing biopsy experience. The higher risk of fusion failure among inexperienced residents necessitates systematic biopsies to ensure the detection of csPCa. Further prospective trials are warranted before a targeted only approach can be recommended in routine clinical practice.
The effects of substituting red and processed meat for mycoprotein on biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in healthy volunteers: an analysis of secondary endpoints from Mycomeat
Authors: Farsi Dominic N. , Gallegos Jose Lara , Finnigan Tim J. A. , Cheung William , Munoz Jose Munoz , Commane Daniel M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Mycoprotein is a relatively novel food source produced from the biomass of Fusarium venenatum. It has previously been shown to improve CVD risk markers in intervention trials when it is compared against total meat. It has not hitherto been assessed specifically for benefits relative to red and processed meat.

Methods
We leveraged samples from Mycomeat, an investigator-blind randomised crossover controlled trial in metabolically healthy male adults (n = 20), randomised to consume 240 g/day of red and processed meat for 14 days followed by mycoprotein, or vice versa. Blood biochemical indices were a priori defined secondary endpoints.

Results
Mycoprotein consumption led to a 6.74% reduction in total cholesterol (P = 0.02) and 12.3% reduction in LDL cholesterol (P = 0.02) from baseline values. Change in fasted triglycerides was not significantly different between diets (+ 0.19 ± 0.11 mmol/l with mycoprotein, P = 0.09). There was a small but significant reduction in waist circumference for mycoprotein relative to meat (− 0.95 ± 0.42 cm, P = 0.04). Following the mycoprotein diet, mean systolic (− 2.41 ± 1.89 mmHg, P = 0.23) and diastolic blood pressure (− 0.80 ± 1.23 mmHg, P = 0.43) were reduced from baseline. There were no statistically significant effects of the intervention on urinary sodium, nitrite or TMAO; while urinary potassium (+ 126.12 ± 50.30 mmol/l, P = 0.02) and nitrate (+ 2.12 ± 0.90 mmol/l, P = 0.04) were both significantly higher with mycoprotein relative to meat. The study population comprised metabolically healthy adults, therefore, changes in plasma lipids had little effect on cardiovascular risk scores (− 0.34% FRS for mycoprotein P = 0.24).

Conclusions
These results confirm potential cardiovascular benefits when displacing red and processed meat with mycoprotein in the diet. Longer trials in higher risk study populations are needed to fully elucidate suggested benefits for blood pressure and body composition.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03944421.
Identification of patients at high risk for brain death using an automated digital screening tool: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Schoene Daniela , Freigang Norman , Trabitzsch Anne , Pleul Konrad , Kaiser Daniel P. O. , Roessler Martin , Winzer Simon , Hugo Christian , Günther Albrecht , Puetz Volker , Barlinn Kristian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
An automated digital screening tool (DETECT) has been developed to aid in the early identification of patients who are at risk of developing brain death during critical care.

Methods
This prospective diagnostic accuracy study included consecutive patients ≥ 18 years admitted to neurocritical care for primary or secondary acute brain injury. The DETECT screening tool searched routinely monitored patient data in the electronic medical records every 12 h for a combination of coma and absence of bilateral pupillary light reflexes. In parallel, daily neurological assessment was performed by expert neurointensivists in all patients blinded to the index test results. The primary target condition was the eventual diagnosis of brain death. Estimates of diagnostic accuracy along with their 95%-confidence intervals were calculated to assess the screening performance of DETECT.

Results
During the 12-month study period, 414 patients underwent neurological assessment, with 8 (1.9%) confirmed cases of brain death. DETECT identified 54 positive patients and sent 281 notifications including 227 repeat notifications. The screening tool had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 63.1–100%) in identifying patients who eventually developed brain death, with no false negatives. The mean time from notification to confirmed diagnosis of brain death was 3.6 ± 3.2 days. Specificity was 88.7% (95% CI 85.2–91.6%), with 46 false positives. The overall accuracy of DETECT for confirmed brain death was 88.9% (95% CI 85.5–91.8%).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that an automated digital screening tool that utilizes routinely monitored clinical data may aid in the early identification of patients at risk of developing brain death.
Early administration of postoperative BCAA-enriched PPN may improve lean body mass loss in gastric cancer patients undergoing gastrectomy
Authors: Sakuraya Mikiko , Yamashita Keishi , Honda Michitaka , Niihara Masahiro , Chuman Motohiro , Washio Marie , Hosoda Kei , Naitoh Takeshi , Kumamoto Yusuke , Hiki Naoki 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
It has been reported that weight loss or lean body mass (LBM) loss after gastrectomy for gastric cancer is associated with prognosis and nutritional support alone is insufficient to prevent LBM loss. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) play an important role in muscle catabolism, however their clinical effects on suppression of LBM loss in gastric cancer patients undergoing gastrectomy remains elusive. In this current study, we investigated the effect of our original PPN regimen including BCAA (designated to BCAA-regimen) on LBM loss.

Methods
We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) at a single institution where patients undergoing gastrectomy were assigned to either receive a five-day early postoperative course of the BCAA-regimen (BCAA group) or conventional nutrition. The primary endpoint was the % reduction in LBM at postoperative day 7. The secondary endpoints included the % reduction in LBM at 1 and 3 months postsurgery.

Results
At postoperative day 7, LBM loss in the BCAA group tended to be lower than in the control group (0.16% vs. 1.7%, respectively; P = 0.21), while at 1 month postsurgery, LBM loss in the BCAA group was significantly different to that of the control group (− 0.3% vs. 4.5%, respectively; P = 0.04). At 3 months postgastrectomy, however, LBM loss was similar between the BCAA and the control groups.

Conclusion
Our RCT clinical trial clarified that early administration of the postoperative BCAA regimen improved LBM loss at 1 month after surgery in gastric cancer patients undergoing gastrectomy.
Intra- and inter-session reliability of electrical detection and pain thresholds of cutaneous and muscle primary afferents in the lower back of healthy individuals
Authors: Streuli Daniel , Nyirö Luana , Rosner Jan , Schilder Andreas , Csato Miklos , Schweinhardt Petra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo advance evidence-based practice and targeted treatments of low back pain (LBP), a better pathophysiological understanding and reliable outcome measures are required. The processing of nociceptive information from deeper somatic structures (e.g., muscle, fascia) might play an essential role in the pathophysiology of LBP. In this study, we measured the intra- and inter-session reliability of electrical detection and pain thresholds of cutaneous and muscle primary afferents of the lower back. Twenty healthy participants attended two study visits separated by 27.7 ± 1.7 days. To determine the location-specific electrical detection threshold (EDT) and pain threshold (EPT), needle electrodes were inserted in the epidermal layer over, and in the lumbar erector spinae muscle. Additionally, established quantitative sensory testing (QST) parameters were assessed. Reliability was determined by differences between measurements, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,1), Bland–Altman plots, and standard error of measurement (SEM). Correspondence between QST parameters and electrical thresholds was assessed using Pearson’s correlation. Except for cutaneous EPT, no significant (p ≤ 0.05) intra- and inter-session differences were observed. Excellent intra-session reliability was shown for cutaneous and intramuscular electrical stimulations and all QST parameters (ICC: 0.76–0.93). Inter-session reliabilities were good (ICC: 0.74–0.75) except for electrical stimulations (ICC: 0.08–0.36). Limits of agreement and SEM were higher for inter-session than intra-session. A medium to strong relationship was found between electrical and mechanical/pressure pain thresholds. In conclusion, cutaneous and intramuscular electrical stimulation will potentially close an important diagnostic gap regarding the selective examination of deep tissue afferents and provide location-specific information for the excitability of non-nociceptive and nociceptive afferents.