bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological associations of hemispheric dominance in primary progressive apraxia of speech
Authors: Robinson Carling G. , Duffy Joseph R. , Clark Heather A. , Utianski Rene L. , Machulda Mary M. , Botha Hugo , Singh Neha Atulkumar , Pham Nha Trang Thu , Ertekin‐Taner Nilufer , Dickson Dennis W. , Lowe Val J. , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Josephs Keith A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivePrimary progressive apraxia of speech (PPAOS) is associated with imaging abnormalities in the lateral premotor cortex (LPC) and supplementary motor area (SMA). It is not known whether greater involvement of these regions in either hemisphere is associated with demographics, presenting, and/or longitudinal features.MethodsIn 51 prospectively recruited PPAOS patients who completed [18F]‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET), we classified patients as left‐dominant, right‐dominant, or symmetric, based on visual assessment of the LPC and SMA on FDG‐PET. SPM and statistical analyses of regional metabolic values were performed. Diagnosis of PPAOS was made if apraxia of speech was present and aphasia absent. Thirteen patients completed ioflupane‐123I (dopamine transporter [DAT]) scans. We compared cross‐sectional and longitudinal clinicopathological, genetic, and neuroimaging characteristics across the three groups, with area under the receiver‐operating curve (AUROC) determined as a measure of effect size.ResultsIn all, 49% of the PPAOS patients were classified as left‐dominant, 31% as right‐dominant, and 20% as symmetric, which was supported by results from the SPM and regional analyses. There were no differences in baseline characteristics. Longitudinally, right‐dominant PPAOS showed faster rates of progression of ideomotor apraxia (AUROC 0.79), behavioral disturbances (AUROC 0.84), including disinhibition symptoms (AUROC 0.82) and negative behaviors (AUROC 0.82), and parkinsonism (AUROC 0.75) compared to left‐dominant PPAOS. Symmetric PPAOS showed faster rates of dysarthria progression compared to left‐dominant (AUROC 0.89) and right‐dominant PPAOS (AUROC 0.79). Five patients showed abnormal DAT uptake. Braak neurofibrillary tangle stage differed across groups (p = 0.01).ConclusionsPatients with PPAOS and a right‐dominant pattern of hypometabolism on FDG‐PET have the fastest rates of decline of behavioral and motor features.
Not surgical technique, but etiology, contralateral MRI, prior surgery, and side of surgery determine seizure outcome after pediatric hemispherotomy
Authors: Ramantani Georgia , Bulteau Christine , Cserpan Dorottya , Otte Willem M. , Dorfmüller Georg , Cross J. Helen , Zentner Josef , Tisdall Martin , Braun Kees P. J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to assess determinants of seizure outcome following pediatric hemispherotomy in a contemporary cohort.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the seizure outcomes of 457 children who underwent hemispheric surgery in five European epilepsy centers between 2000 and 2016. We identified variables related to seizure outcome through multivariable regression modeling with missing data imputation and optimal group matching, and we further investigated the role of surgical technique by Bayes factor (BF) analysis.ResultsOne hundred seventy seven children (39%) underwent vertical and 280 children (61%) underwent lateral hemispherotomy. Three hundred forty‐four children (75%) achieved seizure freedom at a mean follow‐up of 5.1 years (range 1 to 17.1). We identified acquired etiology other than stroke (odds ratio [OR] 4.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–18.0), hemimegalencephaly (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.1–7.3), contralateral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings (OR 5.5, 95% CI 2.7–11.1), prior resective surgery (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.8–14.0), and left hemispherotomy (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3–3.9) as significant determinants of seizure recurrence. We found no evidence of an impact of the hemispherotomy technique on seizure outcome (the BF for a model including the hemispherotomy technique over the null model was 1.1), with comparable overall major complication rates for different approaches.SignificanceKnowledge about the independent determinants of seizure outcome following pediatric hemispherotomy will improve the counseling of patients and families. In contrast to previous reports, we found no statistically relevant difference in seizure‐freedom rates between the vertical and horizontal hemispherotomy techniques when accounting for different clinical features between groups.
Self‐supervised short text classification with heterogeneous graph neural networks
Authors: Cao Meng , Yuan Jinliang , Yu Hualei , Zhang Baoming , Wang Chongjun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractShort text classification has been a fundamental task in natural language processing, which benefits various applications, such as sentiment analysis, news tagging, and intent recommendation. However, classifying short texts is challenging due to the information sparsity in the text corpus. Besides, the performance of existing machine learning classification models largely relies on sufficient training data, yet labels can be scarce and expensive to obtain in real‐world text classification scenarios. In this article, we propose a novel self‐supervised short text classification method. Specifically, we first model the short text corpus as a heterogeneous graph to address the information sparsity problem. Then, we introduce a self‐attention‐based heterogeneous graph neural network model to learn short text embeddings. In addition, we adopt a self‐supervised learning framework to exploit internal and external similarities among short texts. Experiments on five real‐world short text benchmarks validate the effectiveness of our proposed method compared with the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
RETRACTED: An information extraction method based on improved mixed text density web pages
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Yin Xiaojun , Yan Jingchen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo improve the effect of web page information extraction, this paper proposes an improved information extraction method of mixed text density grids. Under various power constraints of the relay node itself, this paper proposes a design scheme of joint beamforming and artificial noise based on safety and rate maximisation. Furthermore, with the help of semidefinite relaxation techniques and first‐order approximations, it can be approximated as a semidefinite programming problem that is easy to solve. In addition, this paper uses an iterative algorithm based on a continuous convex approximation to process data to improve the accuracy of web page data extraction. The experimental results show that the information extraction method based on improved mixed text density webpages proposed in this paper has a good information extraction effect.
Addressing the need for more nuanced approaches towards transit‐induced gentrification: A case for a complex systems thinking framework
Authors: McDougall Emma , Webber Kaitlin , Petrie Samuel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe role of public transportation has shifted over the last 2 decades as planners and policymakers increasingly integrate new transportation infrastructure as an economic growth tool that promotes density and desirability. This shift has also positioned new infrastructure as a driver for neighbourhood change and gentrification, leading to the evolution of literature that explores transit‐induced gentrification. As this scholarship grows however, research has become fragmented, as the political economy work, which frames much of gentrification, is antipathetic to the neoclassical perspective that frames transportation research. The resulting inconsistencies have left researchers calling for the integration of new and holistic approaches that can address growing gaps. With transit‐induced gentrification becoming more prevalent across large and mid‐sized cities, and research lacking methodological consistency, this review considers: Can a complex systems thinking framework be used to better understand and address the process of transit‐induced gentrification?
Socioeconomic differences and the gender division of labor during the COVID‐19 lockdown: Insights from France using a mixed method
Authors: Chatot Myriam , Landour Julie , Pailhé Ariane ,   for the EpiCOV team
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe sudden and unanticipated shocks to employment and the almost total retreat into the domestic sphere caused by the COVID‐19 lockdowns provide a unique opportunity to explore the resilience of the three classical theoretical paradigms of the gendered division of labor within couples, that is, the time availability theory, the relative resource theory, and the “doing gender” perspective. Accordingly, this article analyzes how socioeconomic differences shaped the gendered division of labor during the first lockdown in France. We use a mixed‐methods approach that combines representative quantitative data drawn from the Epidemiology and Living Conditions (EpiCOV) survey of EpiCOV in France during the COVID‐19 pandemic and qualitative data from in‐depth interviews of French families collected throughout the spring 2020 lockdown. Over the period, the heavy domestic and parental workload and its division between partners were mainly determined by employment status. However, the influence of time availability on the division of labor was mitigated by the doing gender mechanisms, whatever the partners' relative resources. The gender division of housework and childcare persisted, and the tasks performed differed, parenting tasks especially. Even if highly‐educated mothers were able to negotiate their partner's investment in domestic and parental work, the division of labor remained unequal. Mothers remained in charge of organizing housework and childcare, and this may have altered their subjective experience of lockdown, especially for those embedded in the most egalitarian configurations.
Association of intestinal microbiota and its metabolite markers with excess weight in Chinese children and adolescents
Authors: Yu Xiaoran , Dong Jie , Xiang Shiting , Li Xun , Qin Yongquan , Zhu Shaolun , Zheng Jie , Yan Yinkun , Mi Jie 
Published: March 2023

SummaryObjectiveThe objective of this study was to identify the intestinal microbiota and faecal metabolic biomarkers associated with excess weight in Chinese children and adolescents.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 163 children aged 6–14 years (including 72 with normal‐weight and 91 with overweight/obesity from three Chinese boarding schools). We used 16S rRNA high‐throughput sequencing to analyse the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota. Of these participants, we selected 10 children with normal‐weight and 10 with obesity (matched 1:1 for school, sex and age) and measured faecal metabolites using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsAlpha diversity was significantly elevated in children with normal‐weight compared to overweight/obese. Principle coordinate analysis and permutational multivariate analysis of variance revealed a significant difference in intestinal microbial community structure between the normal‐weight and overweight/obese groups. The two groups differed significantly in the relative abundances of Megamonas, Bifidobacterium and Alistipes. In faecal metabolomics analysis, we identified 14 differential metabolites and 2 main differential metabolic pathways associated with obesity.ConclusionThis study identified intestinal microbiota and metabolic markers associated with excess weight in Chinese children.
Mixed insulin can improve control of prednisolone‐induced hyperglycaemia
Authors: Scholes Gemma , Ng Elisabeth , Bach Leon A , Sztal‐Mazer Shoshana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundHyperglycaemia is a common side effect of prednisolone, although there are no widely accepted guidelines for the management of glucocorticoid‐induced hyperglycaemia (GIH). Our institution uses mixed insulin in a pre‐breakfast or pre‐breakfast and pre‐lunch regimen, with the rationale that this profile of insulin action matches the physiological effect of prednisolone on blood glucose levels (BGLs).AimEvaluate the use of the mixed insulin (NovoMix30) in a pre‐breakfast or pre‐breakfast and pre‐lunch regimen as management for GIH in a tertiary hospital setting.MethodWe retrospectively evaluated all inpatients coprescribed prednisolone ≥7.5 mg and NovoMix30 for at least 48 hours over a 19‐month period. BGLs were evaluated with repeated‐measures analysis within four time periods across the day, beginning from the day prior to NovoMix30 administration.ResultsA total of 53 patients were identified. NovoMix30 significantly reduced BGLs in the morning (mean 12.7 ± 4.5 vs. 9.2 ± 3.9 mmol/L, P < 0.001), afternoon (mean 13.6 ± 3.8 vs. 11.9 ± 3.8 mmol/L, P = 0.001) and evening (12.1 ± 3.8 vs. 10.8 ± 3.8 mmol/L, P = 0.01). With uptitration of insulin over 3 days, 43% of all BGLs were within the target range, compared with 23% on day 0 (P < 0.001). The final median dose of NovoMix30 was 0.15 (0.10–0.22) units/kg bodyweight, or 0.40 (0.23–0.69) units/mg of prednisolone, which is lower than our hospital guideline recommends. One overnight hypoglycaemic event was observed.ConclusionMixed insulin as a pre‐breakfast or pre‐breakfast and pre‐lunch regimen can target the hyperglycaemic pattern induced by prednisolone and minimise overnight hypoglycaemia. However, higher doses of insulin than those used in our study are likely required for optimal BGL control.
Intestinal crosstalk between bile acids and microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Deng Xuehong , Xiao Lin , Luo Mei , Xie Peiwei , Xiong Lishou 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a relatively common functional gastrointestinal disease with a disturbance of intestinal bacteria. Bile acids, gut microbiota, and the host have close and complex interactions, which play a central role in modulating host immune and metabolic homeostasis. Recent studies suggested that the bile acid–gut microbiota axis played a key role in the development of IBS patients. In order to investigate the role of bile acids in the pathogenesis of IBS and present potentially relevant clinical implications, we conducted a literature search on intestinal interactions between bile acid and gut microbiota. The intestinal crosstalk between bile acids and gut microbiota shapes the compositional and functional alterations in IBS, manifesting as gut microbial dysbiosis, disturbed bile acid pathway, and alteration of the microbial metabolites. Collaboratively, bile acid conducts the pathogenesis of IBS through the alterations of the farnesoid‐X receptor and G protein‐coupled receptor. Diagnostic markers and treatments targeting the bile acids and its receptor showed promising potential in the management of IBS. Bile acids and gut microbiota play a key role in the development of IBS and make attractive biomarkers for treatments. Individualized therapy aiming at bile acids and its receptor may provide significant diagnostic and requires further investigation.
Non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis is independently associated with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Boustany Antoine , Onwuzo Somtochukwu , Zeid Hadi Khaled Abou , Almomani Ashraf , Kumar Prabhat , Hitawala Asif , Asaad Imad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimA recent study has demonstrated that women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are more likely to develop non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease than those without GDM. In contrary to non‐alcoholic fatty liver, the association of GDM with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has still not been well established in the current literature. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the association of a history of GDM and the development of NASH throughout their lives independently of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsA validated research database of more than 360 hospitals was utilized to construct this study. Adult females included were divided into two groups: those with NASH (case) and individuals without NASH (control). Regression analysis was performed to account for potential cofounders.ResultsThere were 70 632 640 individuals above the age of 18 years screened in the database. In patients with a history of GDM, NASH was most prevalent in middle age people compared with NASH alone, which was more prevalent in people aged 65 years and above. Compared with those without, patients with NASH tend to be Caucasian (odds ratio [OR]: 2.13), obese (OR: 4.83), have a history of GDM (OR: 1.23), diagnosed with hyperlipidemia (OR: 2.59), T2DM (OR: 4.52), metabolic syndrome (OR: 3.07), polycystic ovaries disease (OR: 1.72), and hypothyroidism (OR: 1.59).ConclusionWe demonstrated for the first time an increased odd of developing NASH in women who have had a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus throughout their lives independently of any other factors that could interfere with the results.
A system for preventing internal fistula needle dislodgement: Delphi study and pilot evaluation
Authors: Ding Qing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo establish a scoring system for risk assessment (SSRA) for internal fistula needle dislodgement (IND) in hemodialysis (HD) patients.MethodsThe SSRA was constructed based on literature search, medical history review, expert consultations, expert meeting (Delphi study), and analytic hierarchy process. Then, a pilot test was conducted at our hospital between August 1, 2020, and July 30, 2021. Consecutive patients requiring HD were included and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (1:1 ratio). Control group was treated with the routine procedures, while the experimental group was treated with strengthened nursing measures based on the individual risk assessed by SSRA. Finally, the incidence of IND was compared between the two groups.ResultsFor the Delphi study, 16 experts in dialysis nursing in Zhejiang, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Qinghai were included. The final draft of the SSRA included three first‐level indices, 11 second‐level indices, and 26 third‐level indices. A total of 218 HD patients were included. The IND rate in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < .01).ConclusionWe established a scientific, reliable, and feasible SSRA for timely identification of HD patients with high risk of IND and the corresponding nursing procedures to prevent IND.
Information Aggregation Bias and Samuelson's Dictum
Authors: CHOI YONGOK , RONDINA GIACOMO , WALKER TODD B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnder the assumption of incomplete information, idiosyncratic shocks may not dissipate in the aggregate. An econometrician who incorrectly imposes complete information and applies the law of large numbers may be susceptible to information aggregation bias. Tests of aggregate economic theory will be misspecified even though tests of the same theory at the microlevel deliver the correct inference. A testable implication of information aggregation bias is “Samuelson's Dictum” or the idea that stock prices can simultaneously display “microefficiency” and “macroinefficiency;” an idea accredited to Paul Samuelson. Using firm‐level data from the Center for Research in Security Prices, we present empirical evidence consistent with Samuelson's dictum. Specifically, we conduct two standard tests of the linear present value model of stock prices: a regression of future dividend changes on the dividend‐price ratio and a test for excess volatility. We show that the dividend price ratio forecasts the future growth in dividends much more accurately at the firm level as predicted by the present value model, and that excess volatility can be rejected for most firms. When the same firms are aggregated into equal‐weighted or cap‐weighted portfolios, the estimated coefficients typically deviate from the present value model and “excess” volatility is observed; this is especially true for aggregates (e.g., S&P 500) that are used in most asset pricing studies. To investigate the source of our empirical findings, we propose a theory of aggregation bias based on incomplete information and segmented markets. Traders specializing in individual stocks conflate idiosyncratic and aggregate shocks to dividends. To an econometrician using aggregate data, these assumptions generate a rejection of the present value model even though individual traders are efficiently using their available information.
Tragedy or transformation? Online survey of nurse spirituality during the COVID pandemic
Authors: Taylor Elizabeth Johnston , Ada Hazel M. , Dupée Carrie , Jordan Michael , Radovich Patti , Boyd Kendal C. , Dehom Salem 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo describe positive and negative spiritual responses to providing COVID‐related nursing care among nurses working in hospitals.BackgroundThe COVID pandemic has intensified and publicised the threats to nurse well‐being. Absent from the recommendations for promoting nurse well‐being is recognition of how nurses' spirituality and/or religiosity is affected by the strain of COVID caring or how it may be affecting their well‐being.DesignCross‐sectional, descriptive observational, mixed methods study.MethodsData were collected from 523 registered nurses employed in three Southern California hospitals during March–May, 2022 when these hospitals' COVID case counts were <15%. Using Online survey methods, data were obtained using the Religious/Spiritual Struggles Scale–Short Form, Moral Injury Symptom Scale–Healthcare Professionals, Post‐traumatic Growth Inventory and demographic and work‐related items. STROBE guidelines for cross‐sectional observational studies were observed.ResultsThe mean for religious/spiritual struggles was 1.98 (range of 1–5, comparable to a little bit). Although roughly half of the sample reported the struggles were not experienced/did not apply, 23%–36.5% reported experiencing these struggles at least somewhat. The most frequent struggle was to find ultimate meaning. The mean observed for moral injury was 6.5 (range of 1–10); applying established criteria indicated it was troubling for at least 50%. The mean for post‐traumatic growth was 4 (on a scale of 0–6); using established criteria, 41% experienced PTG. Quantitative findings were illustrated by the qualitative responses that occasionally expressed spiritual tragedy and transformation concurrently.ConclusionThe professional work of nursing impacts nurses in invisible, spiritual ways that can be tragic and/or transformative.Relevance to Clinical PracticeInterventions to address nurses' mental health challenges must include attention to these invisible struggles. Nurses' mental health challenges must be met in part by addressing how they can surmount spiritual tragedy—and allow spiritual transformation.