bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating resource passageways in cross-cultural virtual work teams: a longitudinal field study
Authors: Kaur Prabhjot , Prashar Anupama , Bhatnagar Jyotsna 
Published: February 2023

PurposeLens of conservation of resources (COR) theory has been used to study how organizations can create resource passageways for their employees via managers. This has been examined in cross-cultural virtual work teams distributed across time and space within the high-resource loss context of the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachLongitudinal field design was used in a transnational organization involving data collection at three times over eight months. At Time 1, qualitative methodology was used to propose a conceptual model. At Time 2 and Time 3, an online survey was used to collect data for 205 virtual work teams across 10 countries in the Asia–Pacific region pre and post “manager as coach” training respectively.FindingsUsing COR theory, the study highlights that “manager as coach” training is an effective resource for managers in the high resource depletion context of the pandemic. Access to timely support increases saliency for the resource-gain spiral and has a cross-over impact on virtual work team outcomes suggesting transferability of resources from managers to subordinates. Also, managers across all nationalities view coaching training as an equally valuable resource.Practical implicationsThe study provides evidence for investment in timely and relevant support for managers to positively and swiftly impact virtual work teams during high-resource loss contexts.Originality/valueThe study expands COR crossover theory across space and time dimensions using a longitudinal field research design.
Altered trait covariances between invasive and native ranges of a global plant invader
Authors: Chen Xincong , Liu Wenwen , Zhang Yuan‐Ye , Zhang Yihui 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Increasing evidence suggests that invasive populations adapt to the novel environments rapidly, and the ability of rapid adaptation depends on genetically‐based trait variation and covariation. However, few studies have investigated the trait covariance in the native and invasive ranges. Such investigation will give a more comprehensive picture of how historical contingency and adaptation shape invasiveness, contributing to the prediction of future invasion dynamics.

Here, we collected seven and nine populations alongside latitudes from invasive and native ranges of a global invasive plant, Spartina alterniflora, and planted them in two common gardens at the southernmost and northernmost sites of the invasive range. We measured plant traits, including the first flowering time, plant height and seed set, and analysed how these traits varied with garden sites and populations' origin latitudes and how their covariance changed between ranges.

We found that plants flowered later, grew taller and set more seeds in the high‐latitude garden than the low‐latitude one. The growth and expression of genetic variation of traits appeared to be limited by high ambient temperature in the low‐latitude garden. In the high‐latitude garden, the flowering time of populations showed clinal variation for both invasive and native populations, whereas the plant height and seed set showed clinal variation only for native or invasive populations. From the native to the invasive range, the flowering time and seed set developed negative genetic covariance, and flowering time and plant height changed from negative genetically correlated to uncorrelated.

Our results suggested that S. alterniflora has experienced rapid adaptation to clinal and local conditions over the 40‐year invasion. Such geographic‐scale rapid adaptation appeared to have benefited from previously identified genetic admixture that has released the trait covariance. Our study highlights the importance of integrating full‐range geographical surveys with introduction history to understand the potential and mechanisms of trait evolution during invasion.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
The RNase III enzyme Dicer1 is essential for larval development in Bombyx mori
Authors: Chen Dongbin , Yang Xu , Yang Dehong , Liu Yujia , Wang Yaohui , Luo Xingyu , Tang Linmeng , Yi Meiyan , Huang Yongping , Liu Yanqun , Liu Zulian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of nearly all aspects of biological processes in eukaryotes. During the biogenesis of miRNAs, the RNase III enzyme Dicer processes double‐strand precursor miRNAs into mature miRNAs and promotes the assembly of RNA‐induced silencing complexes (RISCs). Dicer has been reported to participate in a wide range of physiological processes, including development and immunity, in some insect species. However, the physiological roles of Dicer in lepidopterans remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the function of Bombyx mori Dicer1. We first performed sequence alignment and found that the sequence of functional domains of Dicer1 are varied among Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Blattaria, and Orthoptera. Using a binary clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR‐associated protein 9 genome editing approach, we showed that BmDicer1 mutants have arrested development from the 3rd instar into the 4th instar. RNA sequencing analysis indicated that the defects in BmDicer1 mutants are due to dysregulation of genes that encode proteins involved in metabolism, protein degradation, absorption, and renin–angiotensin pathways. Analysis using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction showed that mutation of BmDicer1 altered expression of miRNAs and their target genes. Therefore, our study demonstrates the critical roles of BmDicer1 in miRNA biogenesis and larval development in silkworm.
The Matthew effect, research productivity, and the dynamic allocation of NIH grants
Authors: Qiu Y. J. Jeff 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFunding is important for research. However, research funding may suffer from the Matthew effect: the more researchers already have, the more they will be given. I develop an empirical framework to study how the National Institutes of Health (NIH) could allocate funding in a dynamically optimal manner by balancing funds between young and veteran principal investigators (PIs). I find that the discount factor that rationalizes NIH's funding behavior is about 0.75, implying it may underfund young PIs. Moreover, a temporary funding cut would have long‐lasting effects on overall research output through its adverse impact on investment in young PIs.
S‐adenosylmethionine synthase (BtSAMS) from Balsas teosinte confers resistance to peach aphids in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yang Liyan , Yang Xiaolan , Gao Yuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to clone S‐adenosylmethionine synthase (BtSAMS) from Balsas teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) and investigate its function via heterologous expression in Arabidopsis plants. The BtSAMS coding sequence was cloned and its length is 1185 bp. The expression of BtSAMS in Z. mays ssp. parviglumis was a 12.2‐fold increase after aphid infestation. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants heterologously expressing BtSAMS were generated and their morphological characters were observed. A prolonged vegetative growth period was displayed by BtSAMS‐OX plants. The more and longer trichomes were observed on the upper surface of BtSAMS seedlings. The ethylene content in BtSAMS‐OX plants was not significantly different compared with the untransformed controls. These BtSAMS‐OX transgenic plants showed greater resistance to peach aphids compared with the untransformed control plants. Peach aphids appeared to prefer the untransformed controls in that aphids number reduced by more than 50% on BtSAMS plants compared to controls. When sprayed with the insecticide avi‐imidacloprid, the number of peach aphids decreased on BtSAMS‐OX plants and untransformed controls by 91.6% and 80.5%, respectively. Peach aphids also showed lower reproduction ability when forced to feed on the transgenic plants. The number of newly born nymphs on BtSAMS plants was less than 50% of that on the untransformed control. We therefore propose that BtSAMS may be a suitable candidate gene to confer resistance to peach aphids in plants.
Grouped follicular secondary syphilis: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Saal Ryan C. , Borda Luis J. , Pariser Robert J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSecondary syphilis typically presents with macular, maculopapular or papular lesions, sometimes with systemic symptoms; however, there are some less common cutaneous presentations which can result in several differential diagnoses. We report the case of a 25‐year‐old man with the recent onset of a symmetric eruption of grouped follicular papules, for which syphilis was not originally considered. Histopathology revealed non‐caseating granulomas with a lichenoid infiltrate. Subsequent spirochete immunostaining was positive, and further physical examination revealed moth‐eaten alopecia, confirming the diagnosis of secondary syphilis.
Excavating Racial Capitalism in London's West India Docks
Authors: Legg George 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFocusing on the construction of London's West India Docks in 1802, I argue that this project established a feedback loop with conditions of production in the Caribbean. Through an analysis of committee minutes, letters, parliamentary papers and visual art, I move beyond economic accounts of slavery's impact to demonstrate how geographies of security and surveillance—first developed on the sugar plantation—were imported into the design and function of London's port. As such, I argue that London's docks produced a geography of segregation which offers a unique insight into the workings of racial capitalism and its exploitation of group‐differentiated vulnerabilities. Positioning my discussion alongside London's contemporary landscape, I excavate Britain's repressed memories of slavery to illustrate how they still scar the urban environment.
Characteristics and outcome of primary resistant disease in paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Karlsson Lene , Cheuk Daniel , De Moerloose Barbara , Hasle Henrik , Jahnukainen Kirsi , Juul‐Dam Kristian Løvvik , Kaspers Gertjan , Kovalova Zanna , Lausen Birgitte , Nyström Ulrika Norén , Palle Josefine , Pronk Cornelis Jan , Saks Kadri , Tierens Anne , Zeller Bernward , Abrahamsson Jonas 
Published: February 2023

SummaryA significant proportion of events in paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) are caused by resistant disease (RD). We investigated clinical and biological characteristics in 66 patients with RD from 1013 children with AML registered and treated according to the NOPHO‐AML 93, NOPHO‐AML 2004, DB AML‐01 and NOPHO‐DBH AML 2012 protocols. Risk factors for RD were age10 years or older and a white‐blood‐cell count (WBC) of 100 × 109/L or more at diagnosis. The five‐year overall survival (OS) was 38% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 28%–52%). Of the 63 children that received salvage therapy with chemotherapy, 59% (N = 37) achieved complete remission (CR) with OS 57% (95% CI: 42%–75%) compared to 12% (95% CI: 4%–35%) for children that did not achieve CR. Giving more than two salvage chemotherapy courses did not increase CR rates. OS for all 43 patients receiving allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was 49% (95% CI: 36%–66%). Those achieving CR and proceeding to HSCT had an OS of 56% (95% CI: 41%–77%, N = 30). This study showed that almost 40% of children with primary resistant AML can be cured with salvage therapy followed by HSCT. Children that did not achieve CR after two salvage courses with chemotherapy did not benefit from additional chemotherapy.
Efficacy of an appearance‐based and a health‐based sun protection intervention on summer vacationers' behaviours, PRISME cluster randomized crossover trial, France
Authors: Durand Cécile , Magloire Lyvia , Cousson‐Gélie Florence , Bord Apolline , Saboni Leïla , Zeghnoun Abdelkrim , Lepage Benoit , Richard Jean‐Baptiste , Catelinois Olivier , Mouly Damien , Delpierre Cyrille 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesSun‐seeking vacationers are particularly vulnerable to melanoma. Appearance‐based interventions (ABi) showing skin damage of ultraviolet exposure may be a promising prevention tool to improve skin protection. This study aimed to measure and compare the efficacy of an ABi and a health‐based intervention (HBi) on French summer vacationers' behaviours and to identify differences between subpopulations.DesignA cluster randomized crossover trial with three intervention groups (control, ABi, HBi) was conducted in eight campsites on the French Mediterranean coast in summer 2019.Methods1355 vacationers of both sexes and aged 12–55 years were included and followed up after 4 days (T1) and 14 months (T2). Efficacy of interventions was evaluated using multilevel mixed‐effect models comparing groups on three outcomes: self‐reported sun protection behaviours, sunbathing and skin colour measures. Protection behaviours were analysed according to subpopulations.ResultsCompared to controls, the ABi group had a higher protection and sunbathed for fewer hours at T1 and T2. In the HBi group, the skin colour was lighter than controls at T1. When comparing ABi to HBi, ABi participants had lower exposure than HBi at T1 and T2. The protection of people with a 3‐years university degree was higher in the HBi group than in others groups while that of people with a secondary school certificate was higher in the ABi group.ConclusionsOur study provides further evidence of individual sun protection interventions effect in a touristic setting and highlights the relevance of ABi messages to supplement HBi messages, particularly in certain subpopulations with low to intermediate education levels.
Nucleolar stress: Molecular mechanisms and related human diseases
Authors: Maehama Tomohiko , Nishio Miki , Otani Junji , Mak Tak Wah , Suzuki Akira 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRibosome biogenesis in the nucleolus is an important process that consumes 80% of a cell's intracellular energy supply. Disruption of this process results in nucleolar stress, triggering the activation of molecular systems that respond to this stress to maintain homeostasis. Although nucleolar stress was originally thought to be caused solely by abnormalities of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and ribosomal proteins (RPs), an accumulating body of more current evidence suggests that many other factors, including the DNA damage response and oncogenic stress, are also involved in nucleolar stress response signaling. Cells reacting to nucleolar stress undergo cell cycle arrest or programmed death, mainly driven by activation of the tumor suppressor p53. This observation has nominated nucleolar stress as a promising target for cancer therapy. However, paradoxically, some RP mutations have also been implicated in cancer initiation and progression, necessitating caution. In this article, we summarize recent findings on the molecular mechanisms of nucleolar stress and the human ribosomal diseases and cancers that arise in its wake.
Ginsenoside Rg5 attenuates hypoxia‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via regulating the Akt pathway
Authors: Wang Chenxi , Huang Chenyang , Wang Jiali , Ye Jianfeng , Xue Zhiqiang , Zhang Jian , Ren Yuke 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGinsenoside Rg5 has been implicated in a variety of diseases. However, it is unknown whether Ginsenoside Rg5 can protect against hypoxia‐induced neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRMs). The purpose of this study was to look into the effect of Ginsenoside Rg5 on hypoxia‐induced NRMs apoptosis as well as the underlying molecular mechanism. In this study, following isolation and culture of ventricular myocardial cells from neonatal rats, the appropriate concentration of Rg5 was determined using the MTT assay, the effect of Rg5 on apoptosis was assessed employing TUNEL staining and flow cytometry assays. Levels of apoptosis‐related proteins and phosphorylated level of Akt (ser 473 and ser 308) were analyzed using the western blot analysis. Finally, the experimental results shown that Ginsenoside Rg5 significantly inhibited hypoxia‐induced NRMs apoptosis, decreased the expression pro‐apoptotic protein Bax, increased the expression of anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2 ratio and the level of cleaved caspase 3. Akt signaling activation was found to be the mechanism of Ginsenoside Rg5s protective effect on hypoxia‐induced NRMs apoptosis, as an Akt inhibitor eliminated the anti‐apoptotic effects of Ginsenoside Rg5. Various analyses were performed and verified, ginsenoside Rg5 suppressed hypoxia‐induced apoptosis in NRMs via activation of the Akt signaling.
Bondholder representatives on bank boards: A device for market discipline
Authors: Distinguin Isabelle , Lepetit Laetitia , Strobel Frank , Tran Phan Huy Hieu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe examine whether board representation of bondholders can be an effective market discipline mechanism to reduce bank risk, using a unique dataset combining information on bondholders and boards of directors of European listed banks. Our results show that the influence of bondholder representatives on the bank board significantly reduces bank risk without impacting profitability. The beneficial effect of this market discipline mechanism is stronger when bondholder representatives have regulatory experience, current or long relationships with their affiliated bondholders, and for more complex banks. In contrast, the reducing impact on bank risk is smaller for banks with lower capitalization levels.
Cyclic adaptive cohesive zone model to simulate ductile crack propagation in steel structures due to ultra‐low cycle fatigue
Authors: Ziccarelli Andy , Kanvinde Amit , Deierlein Gregory 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMicromechanics‐based continuum damage criteria have previously been developed to simulate the initiation of ductile fracture in structural steels under conditions with large‐scale plasticity where conventional fracture mechanics indices are invalid. Such models have been combined with methods to simulate ductile crack growth for monotonic loading. In this study, a micromechanics‐based adaptive cohesive zone model for simulating ductile crack propagation under monotonic loading is extended to handle cyclic loading. The proposed model adaptively modifies the cohesive traction–separation relationship for crack opening and closure, as the loading reverses between tension and compression. The approach is implemented into the finite element analysis platform WARP3D, and results of simulations that use the model are compared with data from coupon‐scale tests. The results demonstrate that the proposed model can accurately simulate the effect of crack propagation on specimen response, as well as other key aspects of observed behavior, including crack face closure and crack tunneling.
Effect of particle size and shape of diluent on the reaction process of combustion synthesis of α‐Si3N4 powder
Authors: Wang Liang , Yang Zengchao , Li Jiangtao 
Published: February 2023

Abstractα‐Si3N4 powder was prepared by combustion synthesis using different particle sizes and shapes of Si3N4 diluent. The effects of different diluents on combustion temperature, phase composition, and microstructure of the product were investigated. The role of diluents in combustion synthesis is discussed. When no ammonium salt was added, because of the higher reaction temperature, the phase transformation of the fine particle diluent with the best barrier effect was also enhanced, and the α content of the product was the lowest. When the ammonium salt is added, the liquid phase Si content decreases at high temperatures, the lower reaction temperature and the Si3N4 generated before Si melting make the barrier effect of the diluent fully play. Finally, Si3N4 powder with 86% α content was synthesized by combustion with 2 μm Si3N4 diluent.
Epigenomic variability is associated with age‐specific naïve CD4 T cell response to activation in infants and adolescents
Authors: Imran Samira , Neeland Melanie R , Martino David J. , Peng Stephen , Koplin Jennifer , Dharmage Shyamali C , Tang Mimi LK , Sawyer Susan , Dang Thanh , McWilliam Vicki , Peters Rachel L , Prescott Susan , Perrett Kirsten P , Novakovic Boris , Saffery Richard 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChildhood is a critical period of immune development. During this time, naïve CD4 (nCD4) T cells undergo programmed cell differentiation, mediated by epigenetic changes, in response to external stimuli leading to a baseline homeostatic state that may determine lifelong disease risk. However, the ontogeny of epigenetic signatures associated with CD4 T cell activation during key developmental periods are yet to be described. We investigated genome‐wide DNA methylation (DNAm) changes associated with nCD4 T activation following 72 h culture in media+anti‐CD3/CD28 beads in healthy infants (aged 12 months, n = 18) and adolescents (aged 10–15 years, n = 15). We integrated these data with transcriptomic and cytokine profiling from the same samples. nCD4 T cells from both age groups show similar extensive epigenetic reprogramming following activation, with the majority of genes involved in the T cell receptor signaling pathway associated with differential methylation. Additionally, we identified differentially methylated probes showing age‐specific responses, that is, responses in only infants or adolescents, including within a cluster of T cell receptor (TCR) genes. These encoded several TCR alpha joining (TRAJ), and TCR alpha variable (TRAV) genes. Cytokine data analysis following stimulation revealed enhanced release of IFN‐γ, IL‐2 and IL‐10, in nCD4 T cells from adolescents compared with infants. Overlapping differential methylation and cytokine responses identified four probes potentially underpinning these age‐specific responses. We show that DNAm in nCD4T cells in response to activation is dynamic in infancy and adolescence, with additional evidence for age‐specific effects potentially driving variation in cytokine responses between these ages.