bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data-based modeling for hypoglycemia prediction: Importance, trends, and implications for clinical practice
Authors: Zhang Liyin , Yang Lin , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: January 2023

Background and objectiveHypoglycemia is a key barrier to achieving optimal glycemic control in people with diabetes, which has been proven to cause a set of deleterious outcomes, such as impaired cognition, increased cardiovascular disease, and mortality. Hypoglycemia prediction has come to play a role in diabetes management as big data analysis and machine learning (ML) approaches have become increasingly prevalent in recent years. As a result, a review is needed to summarize the existing prediction algorithms and models to guide better clinical practice in hypoglycemia prevention.Materials and methodsPubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant studies published between 1 January 2015 and 8 December 2022. Five hypoglycemia prediction aspects were covered: real-time hypoglycemia, mild and severe hypoglycemia, nocturnal hypoglycemia, inpatient hypoglycemia, and other hypoglycemia (postprandial, exercise-related).ResultsFrom the 5,042 records retrieved, we included 79 studies in our analysis. Two major categories of prediction models are identified by an overview of the chosen studies: simple or logistic regression models based on clinical data and data-based ML models (continuous glucose monitoring data is most commonly used). Models utilizing clinical data have identified a variety of risk factors that can lead to hypoglycemic events. Data-driven models based on various techniques such as neural networks, autoregressive, ensemble learning, supervised learning, and mathematical formulas have also revealed suggestive features in cases of hypoglycemia prediction.ConclusionIn this study, we looked deep into the currently established hypoglycemia prediction models and identified hypoglycemia risk factors from various perspectives, which may provide readers with a better understanding of future trends in this topic.
Falls and associated risk factors in a sample of old age population in Egyptian community
Authors: El Sayed Abd El Hamied Ibrahim , Said Mohamed T. , Mohsen Omnia , Abozied Aziza M. , Salama Mohamed 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionFalling is a major health problem among old age persons and are the sixth cause of mortality and morbidity among them. Assessing the prevalence of falls among elderly in an Egyptian community and investigating its associated risk factors using the Arabic translation of the SHARE-Questionnaire.Subjects and methodsThis cross-sectional analytic study was a part of the pilot for AL-SEHA project. It included 289 old age people (50+ years age) residing in the study areas. The main project data were collected using the Arabic translation of the SHARE (Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe) questionnaire. The original project data were collected by investigators from five universities, then uploaded to the internet server domain of the American University in Cairo (AUC) Social Research Center.ResultsThe prevalence of falls was 11.07% (95% CI: 7.95–15.21). Falls were significantly more among 70 years or older (p &lt; 0.001), unemployed or housewives (p = 0.026), have a family caregiver (p = 0.022), and home facilities for disability (p = 0.015). They had significantly higher rates of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, stroke, and diabetes mellitus. The most frequently reported problems were the fear of fall and dizziness (62.5%). The multivariate analysis identified the history of stroke and diabetes mellitus, the fear of fall and dizziness, and the total number of health problems and the score of difficulty in performing physical activities as significant independent predictors of fall occurrence. The history of stroke was the strongest risk factor (OR 33.49, CI: 3.45–325.40).Discussion and recommendationsThe prevalence of falls among old age persons in the studied community is not alarmingly high. It is highest among stroke patients. Community interventions and rehabilitation programs are recommended to train and educate old age people, especially those at risk such as stroke and diabetic patients, and those with dizziness to improve their physical fitness and reduce the fear of fall among them.
Socioeconomic inequalities in food purchasing practices and expenditure patterns: Results from a cross-sectional household survey in western Kenya
Authors: Were Vincent , Foley Louise , Musuva Rosemary , Pearce Matthew , Wadende Pamela , Lwanga Charles , Mogo Ebele , Turner-Moss Eleanor , Obonyo Charles 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionSocioeconomic inequalities contribute to poor health. Inequitable access to diverse and healthy foods can be a risk factor for non-communicable diseases, especially in individuals of low socioeconomic status. We examined the extent of socioeconomic inequalities in food purchasing practices, expenditure, and consumption in a resource-poor setting in Kenya.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of baseline cross-sectional data from a natural experimental study with a sample size of 512 individuals from 376 households in western Kenya. Data were collected on household food sources, expenditure and food consumption. Household socioeconomic status (SES) was assessed using the multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) model. Concentration indices (Ci) and multivariable linear regression models were used to establish socioeconomic inequalities.ResultsAbout half (47.9%) of individuals achieved a minimum level of dietary diversity with the majority coming from wealthier households. The two most consumed food groups were grains and roots (97.5%, n = 499) and dark green leafy vegetables (73.8%, n = 378), but these did not vary by SES. The consumption of dark green leafy vegetables was similar across wealth quantiles (Ci = 0.014, p = 0.314). Overall, the wealthier households spent significantly more money on food purchases with a median of USD 50 (IQR = 60) in a month compared to the poorest who spent a median of USD 40 (IQR = 40). Of all the sources of food, the highest amount was spent at open-air markets median of USD 20 (IQR = 30) and the expenditure did not vary significantly by SES (Ci = 0.4, p = 0.684). The higher the socioeconomic status the higher the total amount spent on food purchases. In multivariable regression analysis, household SES was a significant determinant of food expenditure [Adjusted coefficient = 6.09 (95%confidence interval CI = 2.19, 9.99)].ConclusionWealthier households spent more money on food compared to the poorest households, especially on buying food at supermarkets. Individuals from the poorest households were dominant in eating grains and roots and less likely to consume a variety of food groups, including pulses, dairy, eggs and fruits, and vegetables. Individuals from the poorest households were also less likely to achieve adequate dietary diversity. Deliberate policies on diet and nutrition are required to address socioeconomic inequalities in food purchasing practices.
Evaluation of wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Massachusetts correctional facilities, 2020–2022
Authors: Klevens R. Monina , Young Cristin C. W. , Olesen Scott W. , Osinski Anthony , Church Daniel , Muten Jennifer , Chou Lori , Segal Tami , Cranston Kevin 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionCorrectional facilities have environmental, resource, and organizational factors that facilitate SARS-CoV-2 transmission and challenge clinical testing of staff and residents. In Massachusetts, multiple state prisons implemented wastewater surveillance for strategic testing of individuals and isolation of COVID-19 cases early in the course of infection, as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Our objective was to quantify the correlation of COVID-19 cases with facility-level wastewater surveillance compared to standard case surveillance in towns in closest geographic proximity to participating correctional facilities.Materials and methodsAvailable data included number of reported COVID-19 cases in residents from each of eight participating facilities (labeled A-H for anonymity), wastewater viral concentrations at each facility, and COVID-19 cases reported to routine surveillance in towns geographically nearest each facility. We selected data from December 2020-February 2022. Spearman's rank correlation was calculated at each facility to assess agreement between town cases and facility resident cases, and between wastewater concentrations and facility resident cases. We considered a correlation of ≤0.3 as weak and ≥0.6 as strong.ResultsFacilities housed a mean of 502 individuals (range 54–1,184) with mean staffing of 341 (range 53–547). In 7/8 facilities, the town/resident cases correlation coefficients (ρ) were statistically significant (range 0.22–0.65); in all facilities, the wastewater/facility resident cases correlations were statistically significant (range 0.57–0.82). Consistently, ρ values were higher for facility-specific wastewater/resident cases than for town/resident cases: A (0.65, 0.80), B (0.59, 0.81), C (0.55, 0.70), D (0.61, 0.82), E (0.46, 0.62), F (0.51, 0.70), and H (0.22, 0.57).ConclusionWe conclude that wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 can provide an additional signal to objectively supplement existing COVID-19 clinical surveillance for the early detection of cases and infection control efforts at correctional facilities.
Hysteroscopic metroplasty for the treatment of the dysmorphic uterus: A SWOT analysis
Authors: Carrera Maria , Alonso Luis , Domínguez Jose Antonio , Alcázar Juan Luis , Carugno Jose , Moratalla Enrique , Pérez Milán Federico , Caballero Miguel 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionDysmorphic uterus or T-shaped uterus is an increasingly frequent diagnosis among the infertile population that has been associated to worse reproductive results. Hysteroscopic metroplasty is a safe and simple procedure that can improve the reproductive outcomes in this group of patients, although the benefits of this procedure remains controversial due to the lack of adequate scientific evidence.ObjectiveTo analyze the hysteroscopic metroplasty using the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) methodology.Data sourcesAn electronic search from inception each database up to December 2021 including the following databases was conducted: PubMed-MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar.Methods of study selectionStudies reporting outcomes of patients undergoing hysteroscopic metroplasty were included.TabulationNot applicableIntegration and ResultsClinical evidence from the included studies suggests an improvement in reproductive results after performing hysteroscopic metroplasty especially in women with recurrent pregnancy loss and previous infertility, but all of them have relevant methodological limitations. For this reason, benefits, risks and alternatives of this intervention should be considered with caution.ConclusionsEvidence from published data shows a probable association between dysmorphic uterus and poor reproductive outcomes. Hysteroscopic metroplasty in patients with dysmorphic uterus could improve pregnancy outcomes, but there is need of properly designed prospective controlled studies to determine the benefits of this technique.
Large pneumothorax following thoracic and lumbar tumor surgery: Risk factors and management strategies
Authors: Lou Yan , Zhang Yunyan , Wang Zhongzhao , Zhao Chenglong , Li Zhenxi , Huang Quan , Tang Hao , Xiao Jianru 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveLarge pneumothorax is a rare but dangerous complication following thoracic and lumbar tumor surgery. There is little discussion about the features of large pneumothorax following spinal tumor surgery. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of postoperative pneumothorax, identify factors related to large pneumothorax, and propose a management algorithm for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.MethodsIncluded in this retrospective study were 118 patients who developed pneumothorax after receiving thoracic and lumbar tumor surgery between January 2015 and October 2021. A measurement of lung compression ≥20% on chest CT or x-ray was defined as large pneumothorax, and potential risk factors for large pneumothorax were identified by univariate analysis.ResultsSpinal tumor history and intraoperative blood loss were risk factors for large pneumothorax. The common symptoms of postoperative pneumothorax were chest pain, chest tightness and dyspnea. The mean longest transverse diameter of tumors was 6.63 ± 2.4 cm. En bloc resection was performed in 70 patients, with a mean operation time of 6.9 ± 2.5 h and mean intraoperative blood loss of 1771 ± 1387 ml. The most common pathologies were chondrosarcoma, giant cell tumors of bone, and neurogenic tumors.ConclusionDuring surgery, an artificial dura mater patch and a prolene suture can be used to repair the pleural and lung defects. We recommend chest CT as the preferred method for identifying postoperative pneumothorax. If a patient presents severe dyspnea, a large pneumothorax or concurrent pleural effusion, application of chest drainage is strongly recommended.
Ultrasound-guided microwave ablation for benign thyroid nodules results in earlier and faster nodule shrinkage in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis than in those with normal thyroid function
Authors: Chen Yihao , Liu Weizong , Jin Chunchun , Xu Xiaohong , Xu Lifeng , Lu Jianghao , Zheng Jing , Sun Xiangmei , Feng Jiaping , Chen Sihan , Li Zhengyi , Gong Xuehao 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesGiven that the histological features of the thyroid parenchyma in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) differ from those of the normal thyroid gland, HT may affect the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided microwave ablation (MWA) for benign thyroid nodules (BTNs). The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of MWA for the treatment of BTNs in patients with both BTNs and HT and those with BTNs and normal thyroid function, based on changes in the volume reduction ratio (VRR) of the BTNs.MethodsPatients who had achieved a VRR ≥50% after MWA for BTN (July 2020–June 2021), followed up for 12 months, and their data were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsA total of 213 nodules were identified in 185 patients, including 167 in the “BTN” group and 46 in the “BTN + HT” group. A comparison of the fitting curves for VRR–follow-up time revealed that the VRR increased with time after MWA, although the relationship was nonlinear. Piece-wise linear regression model analysis of the threshold effect of VRR and follow-up time in the two groups indicated that the inflection point of the “BTN” group occurred at 2.1 months: VRR increased fastest within 2.1 months of MWA (rate of change: 32.9% per month; P &lt; 0.001), following which the rate of change was slower and maintained at 1.0% per month (P = 0.006). In the “BTN + HT” group, the inflection point occurred 1.5 months after MWA, with the most significant increase occurring in this period (rate of change: 41.5% per month; P &lt; 0.001), followed by a rate of 2.8% per month (P &lt; 0.001) after 1.5 months.ConclusionsThe relationship between VRR and follow-up time for ultrasound-guided MWA for BTN is nonlinear and exhibits a threshold effect. The current results indicated that the VRR in both groups increased before and after the inflection point, although the rate of change was greater before than after the inflection point. The inflection point occurs earlier in patients with BTN + HT than in those with BTN yet normal thyroid function, and this difference may be related to the “oven effect” involved in the development of HT.
The Integration of Primary Care and Public Health in Medical Students’ Training Based on Social Accountability and Community-Engaged Medical Education
Authors: Punzalan Jaime Kristoffer , Guingona Monserrat , Punzalan Mary Germeyn , Cristobal Fortunato , Frahsa Annika , Liwanag Harvy Joy 
Published: January 2023

Objectives: Primary care and public health comprise the bedrock of health systems, but their divergence has produced two groups of practitioners either focused on individual health or population health. We explored how primary care and public health were integrated in medical students’ training in Zamboanga Peninsula, Philippines.Methods: Our qualitative study reviewed community health plans in two municipalities and thematically analyzed the perspectives of medical students, faculty, alumni, and community stakeholders through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews.Results: Integration began by operationalizing a curriculum requiring medical students to serve rural communities during most of their training—a departure from the conventional, hospital-based medical education in the Philippines. The medical students’ community immersion provided opportunities for integrating primary care and public health activities that influenced their personal orientations and the health situation in communities. Integration continued after training as alumni found themselves serving as primary care and public health practitioners in the region.Conclusion: Social accountability and community-engaged medical education provided the foundation for medical students to integrate primary care and public health in practice to respond to local needs.
Bioactive Clerodane Diterpenoids from the Leaves of Casearia coriacea Vent
Authors: Ledoux Allison , Hamann Carla , Bonnet Olivier , Jullien Kateline , Quetin-Leclercq Joëlle , Tchinda Alembert , Smadja Jacqueline , Gauvin-Bialecki Anne , Maquoi Erik , Frédérich Michel 
Published: January 2023

Casearia coriacea Vent., an endemic plant from the Mascarene Islands, was investigated following its antiplasmodial potentialities highlighted during a previous screening. Three clerodane diterpene compounds were isolated and identified as being responsible for the antiplasmodial activity of the leaves of the plant: caseamembrin T (1), corybulosin I (2), and isocaseamembrin E (3), which exhibited half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 0.25 to 0.51 µg/mL. These compounds were tested on two other parasites, Leishmania mexicana mexicana and Trypanosoma brucei brucei, to identify possible selectivity in one of them. Although these products possess both antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal properties, they displayed selectivity for the malaria parasite, with a selectivity index between 6 and 12 regarding antitrypanosomal activity and between 25 and 100 regarding antileishmanial activity. These compounds were tested on three cell lines, breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231, pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells A549, and pancreatic carcinoma cells PANC-1, to evaluate their selectivity towards Plasmodium. This has not enabled us to establish selectivity for Plasmodium, but has revealed the promising activity of compounds 1–3 (IC50 < 2 µg/mL), particularly against pancreatic carcinoma cells (IC50 < 1 µg/mL). The toxicity of the main compound, caseamembrin T (1), was then evaluated on zebrafish embryos to extend our cytotoxicity study to normal, non-cancerous cells. This highlighted the non-negligible toxicity of caseamembrin T (1).
Pengaruh Penerapan Sistem E-Filing, Pemahaman Perpajakan, Kesadaran Wajib Pajak, Sanksi Perpajakan, Pemahaman Internet, dan Kualitas Pelayanan terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi
Authors: Noviyanti Lucia , Febrianti Meiriska 
Published: January 2023

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence and to determine the effect of the application of e-fiiling system, understanding taxation, awareness of taxpayers, taxable sanctions, internet understanding and quality of services on individual taxpayer compliance who registered in KPP Bekasi Region. This study uses primary data by distributing questionnaires via Google Form to individual taxpayers who registered in KPP Bekasi Region. The number of samples are 95 respondents. This research uses purposive sampling method. The method for the data analysis in this research is multiple linear regression processed by statistical tests. The results of this study indicate that the application of e-fiiling system, taxable sanctions, quality of services has an effect on individual taxpayer compliance, while understanding taxation, awareness of taxpayers, and internet understanding have no effect on individual taxpayer compliance.
Clinical Case Early Diagnosis Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Skin by Dermatoscopy
Authors: Колдарова Э.В. , Пулатов М.А. , Мухамедов Б.И. 
Published: January 2023

В последние годы во всем мире отмечается неуклонный рост заболеваемости базальноклеточной карциномой кожи, ежегодный прирост составляет 3–10%. Это злокачественное новообразование кожи отличается медленным ростом и низкой склонностью к метастазированию. Представлен клинический случай ранней диагностики базальноклеточной карциномы на коже над верхней губой размером 0,2×0,4 см в диаметре у пациентки 65 лет на основании дерматоскопического осмотра. Дерматоскопия является высокоинформативным неинвазивным аппаратным методом выявления меланоцитарных и немеланоцитарных образований кожи на ранних стадиях злокачественного опухолевого процесса. Отмечена необходимость проявления онкологической настороженности при малейшем подозрении на возможность наличия данного заболевания.
In recent years, there has been a steady increase in the incidence of basal cell carcinoma of the skin worldwide, with an annual increase of 3–10%. This malignant neoplasm of the skin is characterized by slow growth and a low tendency to metastasize. The article presents a clinical case of early diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma on the skin above the upper lip, 0.2×0.4 cm in diameter in a 65-year-old patient based on a dermoscopic examination. Dermatoscopy is a highly informative, non-invasive hardware method for detecting melanocytic and non-melanocytic skin formations in the early stages of a malignant tumor process. The need for manifestation of oncological alertness at the slightest suspicion of the possibility of the presence of this disease was noted.
Absceso en dedo por Escherichia vulneris tras traumatismo con una rama.
Authors: Jiménez Guerra Gemma 
Published: January 2023

Introducción: Es importante considerar[G1] la posible implicación de microorganismos poco frecuentes en infecciones de piel y partes blandas si la muestra obtenida para cultivo es de buena calidad, y además se aísla en cultivo puro, como ocurre con Escherichia vulneris.Caso clínico: Presentamos en caso de una mujer de 34 años, sin antecedentes mórbidos que desarrolló un absceso en el 4º dedo de la mano tras un traumatismo con una rama y que requirió drenaje quirúrgico y tratamiento antibiótico para su resolución. En el contenido del absceso, se aisló E. vulneris en cultivo puro, con un perfil antibiótico multisensible.Discusión y Conclusión: E. vulneris es una enterobacteria cuya patogenicidad ha estado clásicamente discutida, pero que se ha visto que puede tener participación en infección de heridas, especialmente aquellas relacionadas con material vegetal. Este microorganismo, muy relacionado con E. harmannii, presenta buena sensibilidad a los aminoglucósidos, con excepción a la penicilina y al cotrimoxazol.En las infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos causadas por E. vulneris y que cursen como un absceso es importante realizar desbridamiento quirúrgico si es necesario para la resolución completa del cuadro, además del tratamiento con amoxicilina/ácido clavulánico que parece adecuado.
Colonoscopia en pacientes de tercera edad
Authors: Chacon Avendaño Paola María , Chuquimajo Zarate Elizabeth Estefani 
Published: January 2023

Hemos leído con gran interés el artículo “Rendimiento y seguridad de las colonoscopías de screening en dos grupos etarios de pacientes de la tercera edad” publicado por Sebastián Olivares et al(1), el cual el propósito de la investigación es comparar el rendimiento y seguridad de la colonoscopia de screening en personas mayores de 80 años frente a pacientes más jóvenes de la tercera edad para el diagnóstico de cáncer colorrectal (CCR); por tanto quisiéramos opinar la eficacia de este tipo de procedimiento en pacientes de tercera edad.