bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New evidence on the importance of instruction time for student achievement on international assessments
Authors: Bietenbeck Jan , Collins Matthew 
Published: January 2023

SummaryWe re‐examine the importance of instruction time for student achievement on international assessments. We successfully replicate the positive effect of weekly instruction time in the seminal paper by Lavy (Economic Journal, 125, F397‐F424) in a narrow sense. Extending the analysis to other international assessments, we find effects that are consistently smaller in magnitude. We provide evidence that this discrepancy might be partly due to a different way of measuring instruction time in the data used in the original paper. Our results suggest that differences in instruction time are less important than previously thought for explaining international gaps in student achievement.
Social capital and the nonprofit infrastructure; an ecological study of child maltreatment
Authors: Mayer Duncan J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChild maltreatment is a significant social problem that responds to neighborhood conditions, including disorder and support. Using administrative sources with the census response rate and geocoded nonprofit tax forms in a cross‐sectional ecological design (N = 443), this article explores two understudied supportive factors in neighborhoods: aggregate social capital and nonprofit organizations. A series of Poisson models show aggregate social capital and nonprofit density are negatively related to child maltreatment rates, while the relationship between social capital and child maltreatment rates varies by the number of nonprofits present in the neighborhood. The results provide new insights into the ecology of child maltreatment and illustrate the importance of norms and formal organizations when addressing collective action problems.
Revisiting the role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in knee injuries: Potential benefits and mechanisms
Authors: Leite Chilan B. G. , Tavares Luciana P. , Leite Magno S. , Demange Marco K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractKnee injury negatively impacts routine activities and quality of life of millions of people every year. Disruption of tendons, ligaments, and articular cartilage are major causes of knee lesions, leading to social and economic losses. Besides the attempts for an optimal recovery of knee function after surgery, the joint healing process is not always adequate given the nature of intra‐articular environment. Based on that, different therapeutic methods attempt to improve healing capacity. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is an innovative biophysical approach that can be used as an adjuvant treatment post‐knee surgery, to potentially prevent chronic disorders that commonly follows knee injuries. Given the well‐recognized role of HBOT in improving wound healing, further research is necessary to clarify the benefits of HBOT in damaged musculoskeletal tissues, especially knee disorders. Here, we review important mechanisms of action for HBOT‐induced healing including the induction of angiogenesis, modulation of inflammation and extracellular matrix components, and activation of parenchyma cells—key events to restore knee function after injury. This review discusses the basic science of the healing process in knee injuries, the role of oxygen during cicatrization, and shed light on the promising actions of HBOT in treating knee disorders, such as tendon, ligament, and cartilage injuries.
Impact of low levels of silver, zinc and copper nanoparticles on bacterial removal and potential synergy in water treatment applications
Authors: Alherek May , Basu Onita D 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDPoint‐of‐use filtration units often incorporate silver as a disinfection aid. However, system performance and robustness may be increased by considering co‐application of additional transition metal nanoparticles (NPs) to support treated water disinfection. In this paper, the use of silver (Ag), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) NPs as disinfectants within drinking water applications was explored. Disinfection efficiency against E. coli was investigated over 72 h in batch‐phase experiments using NP concentrations within or lower than drinking water limits. Concentration ranges of the NPs were from 0 to 200 μg L−1, reflecting typical concentration reports for Ag in similar applications. Samples were examined with respect to pH and two water types. The effect of co‐application of NPs was assessed for potential synergy using the Bliss model, which compares individual treatment performance to combined treatment results.RESULTSDisinfection efficacy when applying NPs individually was Ag > Cu > Zn with, for instance, complete removal (≥3 log) of E. coli observed with 50 ppb Ag at 24 h, 1 log removal by Cu and no removal achieved with application of Zn. The Bliss model analysis demonstrated the co‐application of NPs resulted in synergistic behavior with the combinations. Zn‐containing combinations (Ag–Zn and Cu–Zn) were significantly more synergistic than the Ag–Cu combination.CONCLUSIONSLow‐level (0–200 ppb) concentrations of Ag, Cu and Zn demonstrated effective bacterial control and disinfection for E. coli under various water quality scenarios. In particular, co‐application of transition metal NPs increased system robustness and synergy, demonstrating potential for disinfection with water treatment applications. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Coal‐mining subsidence changed distribution of the microbiomes and their functional genes in a farmland
Authors: Gao Peike , Fan Keyan , Zhang Guoquan , Yin Xiaohui , Jia Chuanxing , Tian Huimei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLand subsidence is a serious geological event, and can trigger severe environmental and ecological issues. In this study, the influences of coal‐mining subsidence on distribution of farmland microbiomes and their functional genes were investigated by 16 S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and metagenome sequencing. The results showed the existence of a core microbiome, which determined the community compositions across the subsidence farmland. Subsidence decreased the relative abundances of dominant Streptomyces, Nocardioides, and Rhizophagus, but increased the relative abundances of dominant Bradyrhizobium, Rhizobium, and Trichoderma. Subsidence also decreased the relative abundances of genes related to carbon metabolism, Quorum sensing, aminoacyl‐transfer RNA (tRNA) biosynthesis, and oxidative phosphorylation, and increased the relative abundances of genes related to two‐component system and bacterial chemotaxis. Furthermore, subsidence weakened the biosynthesis of organic carbons by decreasing the relative abundances of genes encoding glycosyl transferases, and strengthened decomposition of degradable organic carbons of the microbiomes and auxiliary activities by increasing the relative abundances of genes encoding glycoside hydrolases and polysaccharide lyases. The concentrations of total phosphorus, Mg2+, and Ca2+ at the lower areas were significantly higher than those at the upper areas, indicating an associated loss of soil nutrients. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that soil moisture, pH, and the concentrations of NH4+ and Ca2+ were the main factors affecting the distribution of the microbiomes and their functional genes. Collectively, this study shows that coal‐mining subsidence alters soil physicochemical properties and distribution of farmland microbiomes and their functional genes.
Office‐Based Treatment of Vocal Fold Polyps and Reinke's Edema: A Rational Comparison With Suspension Laryngoscopy
Authors: Filauro Marta , Ioppi Alessandro , Vallin Alberto , Sampieri Claudio , De Vecchi Marta , Gabella Giulia , Benzi Pietro , Mora Francesco , Peretti Giorgio 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveBenign laryngeal lesions have traditionally been treated through suspension laryngoscopy under general anesthesia (GA). Recently, the development of operative videoendoscopes coupled with photoangiolytic lasers has allowed clinicians to treat these conditions in the outpatient clinic. We report our experience in the office‐based (OB) setting for the treatment of patients affected by vocal fold polyps (VFPs) and Reinke's edema (RE), comparing it to patients treated under GA.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on patients affected by VFP or RE. A 445 nm diode blue laser was used through the operative channel of a flexible video‐endoscope for OB procedures, while GA surgeries were carried out with cold steel instrumentation. The Voice Handicap Index‐10 (VHI‐10) represented the primary outcome. Endoscopic outcomes, duration, and morbidity of the procedures were investigated as secondary outcomes.ResultsA total of 153 patients were retrospectively enrolled. 52 were treated in an OB setting, while 91 underwent GA. Regarding patients with RE, both the OB and GA cohorts showed a significant improvement in VHI‐10 (from 12.7 to 2.6 and 19.5 to 5.1, respectively; p < 0.001), as did those with VFPs (from 11.8 to 2.3 and 15.9 to 2.9 respectively; p < 0.001). No differences were found when comparing VHI‐10 in the OB and GA cohorts. The mean procedural time of OB treatment (4.9 min) was significantly shorter than GA (37.1 min). No adverse events were reported.ConclusionOur data demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the OB setting. For selected patients, OB treatments offer comparable vocal outcomes, favorable morbidity, and reduced operation times, making them an appealing alternative to the traditional approach.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:2665–2672, 2023
Use of artificial intelligence for the diagnosis of cholesteatoma
Authors: Tseng Christopher C. , Lim Valerie , Jyung Robert W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesAccurate diagnosis of cholesteatomas is crucial. However, cholesteatomas can easily be missed in routine otoscopic exams. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have performed well in medical image classification, so we evaluated their use for detecting cholesteatomas in otoscopic images.Study DesignDesign and evaluation of artificial intelligence driven workflow for cholesteatoma diagnosis.MethodsOtoscopic images collected from the faculty practice of the senior author were deidentified and labeled by the senior author as cholesteatoma, abnormal non‐cholesteatoma, or normal. An image classification workflow was developed to automatically differentiate cholesteatomas from other possible tympanic membrane appearances. Eight pretrained CNNs were trained on our otoscopic images, then tested on a withheld subset of images to evaluate their final performance. CNN intermediate activations were also extracted to visualize important image features.ResultsA total of 834 otoscopic images were collected, further categorized into 197 cholesteatoma, 457 abnormal non‐cholesteatoma, and 180 normal. Final trained CNNs demonstrated strong performance, achieving accuracies of 83.8%–98.5% for differentiating cholesteatoma from normal, 75.6%–90.1% for differentiating cholesteatoma from abnormal non‐cholesteatoma, and 87.0%–90.4% for differentiating cholesteatoma from non‐cholesteatoma (abnormal non‐cholesteatoma + normal). DenseNet201 (100% sensitivity, 97.1% specificity), NASNetLarge (100% sensitivity, 88.2% specificity), and MobileNetV2 (94.1% sensitivity, 100% specificity) were among the best performing CNNs in distinguishing cholesteatoma versus normal. Visualization of intermediate activations showed robust detection of relevant image features by the CNNs.ConclusionWhile further refinement and more training images are needed to improve performance, artificial intelligence‐driven analysis of otoscopic images shows great promise as a diagnostic tool for detecting cholesteatomas.Level of Evidence3.
Emission taxation, green R&D, and managerial delegation contracts with environmental and sales incentives
Authors: Park Chul‐Hi , Lee Sang‐Ho 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe extend the analysis of a managerial delegation model with green R&D by incorporating two explicit incentive‐based executive compensation contracts. In the combination of environmental and sales delegations, (i) the incentives are higher than those under a single incentive scheme, (ii) firms' output and abatement efforts are higher, and (iii) total emissions are lower, and (iv) a firm's profits are higher than that under a sales delegation. Therefore, an emission tax policy, along with firms' compensation packages related to environmental delegation, can play a key role in curving market failure and improving welfare.
Higher intensity exercise reduces disability more than lower intensity exercise in adults with chronic low back pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ram Adrian K. , Summers Simon J. , Booth John , Gibbs Mitchell T. , Jones Matthew D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntensity is an important determinant of physiological adaptations and health benefits of exercise, but the role of exercise intensity on improving outcomes in people with chronic low back pain (CLBP) is unclear. This systematic review aimed to determine the effect of higher versus lower intensity exercise intensity on pain, disability, quality of life and adverse events in people with CLBP.MethodsSix databases and four clinical trial registries were searched from inception to 21 December 2022, for randomised controlled trials that compared two or more exercise intensities in adults with CLBP. Data were analysed using random‐effects meta‐analysis for disability and synthesised narratively for pain, quality of life and adverse events due to limited studies. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool and certainty of evidence was evaluated using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations framework.ResultsFour trials (n = 214 participants, 84% male) reported across five studies were included. Higher intensity exercise reduced disability more than lower intensity exercise at end‐treatment (SMD [95% CI] = −0.39 [−0.56 to −0.22]; very low certainty) but not at 6‐month follow‐up (SMD [95% CI] = −0.20 [−0.53 to 0.13]; very low certainty). Higher intensity exercise did not reliably improve pain and quality of life more than lower intensity exercise. Adverse events did not differ between exercise intensities. All studies were at high risk of bias.ConclusionBased on very low certainty evidence from a limited number of studies, exercise intensity does not appear to meaningfully influence clinical outcomes in people with CLBP.
A comprehensive review on magnetic imaging techniques for biomedical applications
Authors: Mukhatov Azamat , Le Tuan‐Anh , Pham Tri T. , Do Ton Duc 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article presents a comprehensive review of current Magnetic Imaging Techniques (MIT), specifically Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) methods as well as their impacts and potential in biomedical applications.The paper particularly focuses on several perspectives of MPI and MRI techniques including technical considerations, advantages, limitations, applications, future trends.Surprisingly, there are not many review articles that focused on MPI and MRI. This review will give a complete overview of present technology, perspectives, and potential future developments for MPI and MRI.MIT has become an essential and integral part of medical diagnosis in many large medical clinics and hospitals. This area is rapidly developing and evolving to meet the huge demands in medical diagnosis and prevention. MPI and MRI are promising technologies that provide reliable and effective diagnosis for many diseases including cancer. MIT uses non‐invasive scanning to obtain a detailed image of the body's tissues or organs without the necessity for surgery. These techniques allow us to detect symptoms of serious diseases at an early stage. Early detection also gives patients the chance to get the right care before their illnesses advance to a late, incurable stage, potentially saving many lives.
Adequacy of cefepime concentrations in the early phase of critical illness: A case for precision pharmacotherapy
Authors: Barreto Erin F. , Chang Jack , Bjergum Matthew W. , Gajic Ognjen , Jannetto Paul J. , Mara Kristin C. , Meade Laurie A. , Rule Andrew D. , Vollmer Kathryn J. , Scheetz Marc H. ,   For the BLOOM Study Group
Published: January 2023

AbstractStudy ObjectiveIn critically ill patients, adequacy of early antibiotic exposure has been incompletely evaluated. This study characterized factors associated with inadequate cefepime exposure in the first 24 h of critical illness.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingAcademic Medical Center.PatientsCritically ill adults treated with cefepime. Patients with acute kidney injury or treated with kidney replacement therapy or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were excluded.InterventionNone.MeasurementsA nonlinear mixed‐effects pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed to estimate cefepime concentrations for each patient over time. The percentage of time the free drug concentration exceeded 8 mg/L during the first 24 h of therapy was calculated (%ƒT>8; appropriate for the susceptible breakpoint for Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Factors predictive of low %ƒT>8 were explored with multivariable regression.Main ResultsIn the 100 included patients, a one‐compartment PK model was developed with first‐order elimination with covariates for weight and estimated glomerular filtration rate based on creatinine and cystatin C (eGFRSCr‐CysC). The median (interquartile range) %ƒT>8 for cefepime in the first 24 h of therapy based on this model was 85% (66%, 100%). Less than 100% ƒT>8 during first 24 h of therapy occurred in 70 (70%) individuals. Lower Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (p = 0.032) and higher eGFRSCr‐CysC (p < 0.001) predicted a lower %ƒT>8. Central nervous system infection source was protective (i.e., associated with a higher %ƒT>8; p = 0.008).ConclusionsDuring early critical illness, cefepime concentrations were inadequate in a significant proportion of patients. Antimicrobial optimization is needed to improve the precision of pharmacotherapy in the critically ill patients.
Whole lung proteome of an acute epithelial injury mouse model in comparison to spatially resolved proteomes
Authors: Griesser Eva , Gesell Martin , Veyel Daniel , Lamla Thorsten , Geillinger‐Kästle Kerstin , Rist Wolfgang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEpithelial injury is one of the major drivers of acute pulmonary diseases. Recurring injury followed by aberrant repair is considered as the primary cause of chronic lung diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Preclinical in vivo models allow studying early disease‐driving mechanisms like the recently established adeno‐associated virus‐diphtheria toxin receptor (AAV‐DTR) mouse model of acute epithelial lung injury, which utilises AAV mediated expression of the human DTR. We performed quantitative proteomics of homogenised lung samples from this model and compared the results to spatially resolved proteomics data of epithelial cell regions from the same animals. In whole lung tissue proteins involved in cGAS‐STING and interferon pathways, proliferation, DNA replication and the composition of the provisional extracellular matrix were upregulated upon injury. Besides epithelial cell markers SP‐A, SP‐C and Scgb1a1, proteins involved in cilium assembly, lipid metabolism and redox pathways were among downregulated proteins.Comparison of the bulk to spatially resolved proteomics data revealed a large overlap of protein changes and striking differences. Together our study underpins the broad usability of bulk proteomics and pinpoints to the benefit of sophisticated proteomic analyses of specific tissue regions or single cell types.
How can policymakers and researchers develop effective insect resistance management guidelines? A quantitative and qualitative study of Brazilian farmers' perspectives and attitudes
Authors: Pezzini Daniela , Delborne Jason A. , Reisig Dominic 
Published: January 2023

Societal Impact StatementToday, over 80% of the US and Brazil row crop acreage has plants expressing insecticidal proteins to prevent the damage caused by caterpillars. These plants (crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis, Bt, toxins) have brought several benefits to farmers, the environment, and society. However, these can be eroded when insects develop resistance to these toxins. Researchers and regulatory agencies have developed tactics that should be followed by farmers to avoid resistance but with limited efficacy. Our research provides recommendations for researchers and policymakers that are based on farmers' perspectives, thereby offering changes for current guidelines to successfully manage insect resistance and protect Bt crops' efficacy.Summary

Genetically engineered crops expressing insecticidal proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have brought numerous benefits; however, pest resistance evolution poses a threat to the sustainability of this technology. Insect resistance management (IRM) for Bt crops has been defined as a wicked problem as it involves sociobiological complexities. A main challenge in IRM is the adoption of non‐Bt refuge, which is one out of the few strategies amenable to human intervention.
This study investigated farmers' perspectives on information sources and IRM practices in Brazil using quantitative and qualitative data collection. A total of 145 farmers responded to online Qualtrics surveys, and 13 farmers participated in person to open‐ended interviews.
This study demonstrates that farmers rely on strong social networks for information exchange and that sources with expertise based on local field experience are the most reliable channels of communication. We identified new challenges for refuge adoption such as the need to spray insecticides for pests not targeted by Bt and the intangible aspect of resistance evolution. Based on results of sources of information and perspectives on IRM practices, we discuss strategies that may be successful in delaying insecticide resistance evolution based on local contexts.
This is the first study to investigate Brazilian farmers' perceptions on information sources and IRM strategies using qualitative data. Our results provide important elements to orient research development and decision‐making in biotechnology policies for the agricultural sector in Brazil and other similar contexts.
Development of a Cool Composite Propellant Based on Guanidinium Azotetrazolate for Air Heater Igniter Application
Authors: Harikrishnan Erezhath Shani , Hariharanath Bodagala , Vineeth Gayathri Muraleedharanpillai , Nimesh Sasidharan , Vikram Tiruchanur , Pal Sibapada 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGuanidinium azotetrazolate (GZT) based cool gas generator is being successfully used for a variety of applications in space exploration systems. In this work, an air heater igniter with a cool gas generating composite propellant (GGC) based on GZT was designed and developed for residue less combustion of fuel‐air‐oxygen mixture of the scramjet propulsion test facility. GGC was formulated with guanidinium azotetrazolate as fuel and ammonium perchlorate as oxidizer. The composition of GGC was selected based on theoretical study carried out using REAL software and the finalized composite propellant was processed and cast under vacuum. The thermal, ballistic, mechanical and safety properties of the GGC were determined. The propellant showed acceptable mechanical properties, fit for use as a pyrogen igniter composition for the present application. Hyphenated TG‐GC/MS technique was used to reveal the evolved gas composition during decomposition. The propellant showed limited dependency of burn rate on pressure, with ‘n’ value of 0.61 and ‘a’ value of 1.361 mm s−1 MPa−1. Based on the propellant energetics and experimentally devised burn rate law, a pyrogen igniter with an end burning propellant grain configuration, was designed, processed, and tested at stand‐alone mode.