bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities in cervical cancer screening programs in Cameroon: a scoping review of facilitators and barriers to implementation and uptake of screening
Authors: Woks Namanou Ines Emma , Anwi Musi Merveille , Kefiye Taal Bernard , Sama Dohbit Julius , Phuti Angel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide. Organized screening has achieved significant reductions in cervical cancer incidence and mortality in many high-income countries (HICs). But the gap between HICs and low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) is still substantial as the highest burden of the disease is in LMICs. Cameroon is a LMIC, where cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, only 3–5% of eligible women have been screened and there is no effective national cervical cancer prevention program.

Objective(s)
Identify facilitators and barriers to the implementation and uptake of existing cervical cancer screening programs in Cameroon to inform the implementation of a comprehensive national program.

Methods
We conducted a scoping review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis, extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Google Scholar and five electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane library and Web of Science) were searched systematically from 2012 to 2022. Articles on cervical cancer screening programs in Cameroon were eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers independently screened search results and extracted relevant data.

Results
A total of 182 articles were identified using our search strategy, and 20 were included. There was scarcity of publications from the North, Adamawa, East and South regions of Cameroon. Barriers and facilitators found were presented using the World Health Organisation framework for health systems. Cross-cutting barriers were: (1) the lack of a national training curriculum for screening providers with no elaborate, harmonized screening and treatment algorithm for cervical precancers; and (2) women’s lack of information about cervical cancer screening activities. Conversely, provision of screening services at a low or no cost to women in some programs and the feasibility of using novel point of care screening methods like the Human Papillomavirus DNA test were identified as facilitators.

Conclusion
This scoping review indicates that there are knowledge and research gaps concerning the state of cervical cancer screening services in some regions of Cameroon. Moreover, it underlines the need for comprehensive cancer control policies and practices integrating all six-health system building blocks to reduce disparities between regions, and rural versus urban areas in Cameroon.
Advances in treatment strategies based on scavenging reactive oxygen species of nanoparticles for atherosclerosis
Authors: Wu Chengxi , Mao Jingying , Wang Xueqin , Yang Ronghao , Wang Chenglong , Li Chunhong , Zhou Xiangyu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe development of atherosclerosis (AS) is closely linked to changes in the plaque microenvironment, which consists primarily of the cells that form plaque and the associated factors they secrete. The onset of inflammation, lipid deposition, and various pathological changes in cellular metabolism that accompany the plaque microenvironment will promote the development of AS. Numerous studies have shown that oxidative stress is an important condition that promotes AS. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is oxidative stress’s most important pathological change. In turn, the effects of ROS on the plaque microenvironment are complex and varied, and these effects are ultimately reflected in the promotion or inhibition of AS. This article reviews the effects of ROS on the microenvironment of atherosclerotic plaques and their impact on disease progression over the past five years and focuses on the progress of treatment strategies based on scavenging ROS of nanoparticles for AS. Finally, we also discuss the prospects and challenges of AS treatment.
Existence results for fractional neutral functional differential equations with infinite delay and nonlocal boundary conditions
Authors: Alghanmi Madeaha , Alqurayqiri Shahad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we establish sufficient criteria for ensuring the existence of solutions and uniqueness for a class of nonlinear neutral Caputo fractional differential equations supplemented with infinite delay and nonlocal boundary conditions involving fractional derivatives. The theory of infinite delay and standard fixed point theorems are employed to obtain the existence results for the given problem. Examples will be constructed to illustrate the obtained results.
Health financing challenges in Southeast Asian countries for universal health coverage: a systematic review
Authors: Lim Ming Yao , Kamaruzaman Hanin Farhana , Wu Olivia , Geue Claudia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundUniversal Health Coverage (UHC) has received much attention and many countries are striving to achieve it. The Southeast Asian region, in particular, comprises many developing countries with limited resources, exacerbating challenges around attaining UHC. This paper aims to specifically explore the health financing challenges these countries face in achieving UHC via a systematic review approach and formulate recommendations that will be useful for policymakers.MethodsThe systematic review followed the guidelines as recommended by PRISMA. The narrative synthesis approach was used for data synthesis, followed by identifying common themes.ResultsThe initial search returned 160 articles, and 32 articles were included after the screening process. The identified challenges in health financing towards achieving UHC in the Southeast Asian region are categorised into six main themes, namely (1) Unsustainability of revenue-raising methods, (2) Fragmented health insurance schemes, (3) Incongruity between insurance benefits and people’s needs, (4) Political and legislative indifference, (5) Intractable and rapidly rising healthcare cost, (6) Morally reprehensible behaviours.ConclusionsThe challenges identified are diverse and therefore require a multifaceted approach. Regional collaborative efforts between countries will play an essential role in the progress towards UHC and in narrowing the inequity gap. At the national level, individual countries must work towards sustainable health financing strategies by leveraging innovative digital technologies and constantly adapting to dynamic health trends.RegistrationThis study is registered with PROSPERO, under registration number CRD42022336624.
Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Blood and Vascular Large Extracellular Vesicles According to Type 2 Diabetes Status
Authors: Pané Adriana , Viaplana Judith , Giró Oriol , Llopis Jaume , Ibarzabal Ainitze , de Hollanda Ana , Vidal Josep , Ortega Emilio , Jiménez Amanda , Chiva-Blanch Gemma 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Context
Large extracellular vesicles (lEVs) enriched for endothelial and blood cell markers are increased in metabolic conditions such as obesity or type 2 diabetes (T2D), actively contribute to the atherosclerotic process, and have been identified as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although bariatric surgery (BS) in individuals with obesity is related to decreased cardiovascular (CV) risk and increased life expectancy, after BS these subjects are still at higher CV risk than the general population.

Objective
We aimed to compare the lEV profiles between individuals with obesity, with or without T2D, before and 1 year after BS, and normal-weight controls.

Methods
Prospective longitudinal study with individuals eligible for BS, with or without T2D (T2D and OB groups, respectively) and healthy controls (HC group) matched by age and sex. The concentration and phenotype of lEVs were assessed by flow cytometry.

Results
The study cohort included 108 individuals (age 48.0 ± 10.5 years; 84.3% females). Before BS, the OB group presented higher concentrations of lEV enriched for endothelial and blood cell biomarkers than the HC group, but lower concentrations than those observed in the T2D group (P &lt; .05). BS resulted in a significant reduction in most of the lEVs enriched for cell-specific markers in both subgroups. lEV differences between OB and T2D groups were no longer observed after BS (P &gt; .05). However, compared with HC group, OB and T2D groups still showed increased concentrations of lEVs enriched for platelet and endothelial cell markers (P &lt; .05).

Conclusion
At 1 year after BS, lEV concentrations remain above the physiological range. These abnormalities might contribute to explaining the increased CV risk after BS and underscore the importance of long-term CV risk factor control in post-BS individuals.
A “Wonderful Program of Economic Pedagogy” in France
Authors: Duval Julien 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article deals with a French TV program that was launched in the late 1980s and that is devoted to the economic dimensions of life. It became very popular and still exists today. This article proposes an analysis of this unprecedented success in France, through diversified and complementary perspectives. It aims to characterize the novelty of the program. The article relates the appearance of the program to various broader transformations of the relations between the economic and journalistic fields that occurred in France in the 1980s and 1990s. It focuses on the charismatic leader who created the program and hosted it for the first fifteen years of its existence: he was a former business school student, representing a completely new profile of a journalist at the time. The appearance of the program is then shown to be inextricably linked to the emergence of private TV channels in France at the end of the 1980s. It then proposes an analysis of the style and content of the program, trying to characterize the vision of economic life conveyed by the program.
Transverse Venous Stenting for the Treatment of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension With a Pressure Gradient of 70 mm Hg: A Technical Note and Systematic Review
Authors: Ghanem Marc , El Naamani Kareem , Rawad Abbas , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula I. , Gooch M. Reid , Rosenwasser Robert H. , Jabbour Pascal M. 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:
Venous sinus stenosis is believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Venous stenting has emerged as a promising treatment option for patients with IIH because of venous sinus stenosis refractory to medical management or unsuitable for shunt placement. In this technical note, we present a case of IIH with the highest recorded pressure gradient to date.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
This technical note presents the successful use of intracranial venous stenting in a patient with IIH because of severe venous sinus stenosis, leading to significant improvement in vision and reduction in intracranial pressure. A meticulous review of the literature revealed that our patient exhibited the highest recorded pressure gradient (70 cm of H2O). This remarkable finding underscores the potential effectiveness of venous stenting as a viable treatment approach. The procedure involved the placement of a Zilver stent (Cook Medical) and balloon angioplasty after stenting of the right transverse sinus stenosis, resulting in a substantial decrease in pressure gradient. Following the procedure, another venous manometry showed no more gradient with a uniform pressure in the whole venous system at 18 cm of H2O.

CONCLUSION:
To our knowledge, this case presents the highest pressure gradient reported in the literature and contributes to the growing evidence supporting venous stenting in patients with IIH and venous sinus stenosis.
Control of gastruloid patterning and morphogenesis by the Erk and Akt signaling pathways
Authors: Underhill Evan J. , Toettcher Jared E. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Many developmental processes rely on the localized activation of receptor tyrosine kinases and their canonical downstream effectors Erk and Akt, yet the specific roles played by each of these signals is still poorly understood. Gastruloids, 3D cell culture models of mammalian gastrulation and axial elongation, enable quantitative dissection of signaling patterns and cell responses in a simplified, experimentally accessible context. We find that mouse gastruloids contain posterior-to-anterior gradients of Erk and Akt phosphorylation induced by distinct receptor tyrosine kinases, with features of the Erk pattern and expression of its downstream target Snail exhibiting hallmarks of size-invariant scaling. Both Erk and Akt signaling contribute to cell proliferation, whereas Erk activation is also sufficient to induce Snail expression and precipitate profound tissue shape changes. We further uncover that Erk signaling is sufficient to convert the entire gastruloid to one of two mesodermal fates depending on position along the anteroposterior axis. In all, these data demonstrate functional roles for two core signaling gradients in mammalian development and suggest how these modules might be harnessed to engineer user-defined tissues with predictable shapes and cell fates.
Running towards injury? A prospective investigation of factors associated with running injuries
Authors: Dillon Sarah , Burke Aoife , Whyte Enda F. , O’Connor Siobhán , Gore Shane , Moran Kieran A. 
Published: August 2023

Background
Given the high incidence and heavy burden of running related injuries, large-scale, prospective multifactorial investigations examining potential risk factors are warranted. This study aimed to identify factors associated with running related injuries and to evaluate their potential in injury screening.

Study design
Prospective cohort study.

Materials and methods
Two hundred and seventy-four recreational runners were recruited. Clinical measures (strength, range of motion, foot position), injury and training history (via questionnaire), impact loading (via accelerometery) and running technique measures were collected at baseline. Runners were tracked for injury for one year via fortnightly check-ins. A binary logistic regression, (injury versus no injury), was performed for each variable univariably, and then adjusting for age, sex and mileage. A multivariable regression was also performed to evaluate the model’s discriminative ability.

Results
Of the 225 runners included in the final analysis 52% experienced a running related injury. Injury history in the past year, less navicular drop, and measures of running technique (knee, hip, and pelvis kinematics) were associated with increased odds of injury (p < .05). The multivariable logistic regression model was statistically significant, χ2(11) = 56.45, p < .001, correctly classifying 74% of cases with a sensitivity and specificity of 72% and 76%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.79 (CI95% = 0.73–0.85), demonstrating acceptable discriminative ability.

Conclusions
This study found a number of clinical and running technique factors to be associated with prospective running related injuries among recreational runners. With the exception of injury history, the factors identified as being significantly associated with injury may be modifiable and therefore, could form the basis of interventions. Range of motion, spatiotemporal parameters and strength measures were not associated with injury and thus their utilisation in injury prevention practices should be reconsidered.
Differential item functioning of material deprivation assessment in households with or without children
Authors: Ferrão Maria Eugénia , Vieira Marcel Toledo 
Published: August 2023

Background
Composite multidimensional indices are broadly used to measure child poverty and social exclusion. Many of such indices are based on EU-SILC data or similar large scale complex sampling surveys, with the household as unit of analysis. Indicators related to households with or without children may quantify the intended attribute differently depending on the household structure and characteristics of individuals, potentially compromising the assessment.

Methods
We conducted statistical modelling and hypotheses tests using a two-parameter logistic item response model (IRM) and the likelihood-ratio test for DIF verification. Methods were applied to 2020 EU-SILC Portuguese data comprising 11,367 households representing a population of 4,099,052. Statistical analysis have allowed for the survey sampling design.

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate differential item functioning in the assessment material deprivation in households with or without children.
Detection of fake papers in the era of artificial intelligence
Authors: Dadkhah Mehdi , Oermann Marilyn H. , Hegedüs Mihály , Raman Raghu , Dávid Lóránt Dénes 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Paper mills, companies that write scientific papers and gain acceptance for them, then sell authorships of these papers, present a key challenge in medicine and other healthcare fields. This challenge is becoming more acute with artificial intelligence (AI), where AI writes the manuscripts and then the paper mills sell the authorships of these papers. The aim of the current research is to provide a method for detecting fake papers.

Methods
The method reported in this article uses a machine learning approach to create decision trees to identify fake papers. The data were collected from Web of Science and multiple journals in various fields.

Results
The article presents a method to identify fake papers based on the results of decision trees. Use of this method in a case study indicated its effectiveness in identifying a fake paper.

Conclusions
This method to identify fake papers is applicable for authors, editors, and publishers across fields to investigate a single paper or to conduct an analysis of a group of manuscripts. Clinicians and others can use this method to evaluate articles they find in a search to ensure they are not fake articles and instead report actual research that was peer reviewed prior to publication in a journal.
Isoflurane Alters Presynaptic Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Dynamics in Wild-Type and Malignant Hyperthermia-Susceptible Rodent Hippocampal Neurons
Authors: Osman Vanessa , Speigel Iris , Patel Kishan , Hemmings Hugh C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVolatile anesthetics reduce excitatory synaptic transmission by both presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms which include inhibition of depolarization-evoked increases in presynaptic Ca2+concentration and blockade of postsynaptic excitatory glutamate receptors. The presynaptic sites of action leading to reduced electrically evoked increases in presynaptic Ca2+concentration and Ca2+-dependent exocytosis are unknown. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of Ca2+release via ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) and uptake by SERCA are essential for regulation intracellular Ca2+and are potential targets for anesthetic action. Mutations in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) release channels mediate volatile anesthetic-induced malignant hyperthermia (MH), a potentially fatal pharmacogenetic condition characterized by unregulated Ca2+release and muscle hypermetabolism. However, the impact of MH mutations on neuronal function are unknown. We used primary cultures of postnatal hippocampal neurons to analyze volatile anesthetic-induced changes in ER Ca2+dynamics using a genetically encoded ER-targeted fluorescent Ca2+sensor in both rat and mouse wild-type (WT) neurons and in mouse mutant neurons harboring theRYR1T4826I MH-susceptibility mutation. The volatile anesthetic isoflurane reduced both baseline and electrical stimulation-evoked increases in ER Ca2+concentration in neurons independent of its depression of presynaptic cytoplasmic Ca2+concentrations. Isoflurane and sevoflurane, but not propofol, depressed depolarization-evoked increases in ER Ca2+concentration significantly more in mouseRYR1T4826I mutant neurons than in wild-type neurons. TheRYR1T4826I mutant neurons also showed markedly greater isoflurane-induced reductions in presynaptic cytosolic Ca2+concentration and synaptic vesicle (SV) exocytosis. These findings implicate RyR1 as a molecular target for the effects of isoflurane on presynaptic Ca2+handling.
Study on urban Resilience Based on the Analysis of Supply Guarantee Facilities during Epidemic Closure -- a Case Study of Shanghai in 2022
Authors: Wang Jun , Wei Ran 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the case of major public emergencies, the ability of cities to resist shocks becomes very important and reflects urban resilience. This paper selects the supply guarantee facilities during the city-wide lockdown of Shanghai during March-May 2022 due to COVID-19 pandemic as the research object. In this research, the thermodynamic diagram map generated based on cell phone visits reflects the actual distribution of population, and the per capita supply guarantee capacity and supply guarantee overlay intensity are analyzed based on official list of facilities, and the actual role of the supply guarantee facilities are investigated through a public research questionnaire. Based on these analyses, the level of “supply guarantee resilience” was evaluated and graded for each district of Shanghai. It was concluded that the overall level of supply guarantee resilience was high in the central city, divergence in the near suburban districts, and generally low in the remote suburban districts. Based on this, the paper summarize the problems of supply guarantee revealed in Shanghai during the epidemic lockdown and propose strategies to improve the resilience of similar scenarios in the future. With the help of big data and public research tools, this paper aims to provide ways and methods to evaluate the resilience of cities under major public emergencies.
An experimental investigation of the thermal usability of outdoor environments for urban heat mitigation, adaptation, and governance
Authors: Huang Boze , Dong Xin , Tian Yu , Yin Mingqiang , Qiu Yufeifei , He Bao-Jie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study develops a quantitative method to assess the thermal usability (e.g. rideability, walkability, entertainmentability, exercisability, and workability) of outdoor spaces. The benchmark for thermal usability was assessed by four widely-used indicators (Wet Bulb Temperature (WBGT), Predicted Mean Vote (PMV), Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI)). Among these five dimensions of thermal usability, exercisability was the most significantly thermally-affected, as WBGT was greater than 30℃, exercisability dropped to below 50%, while the other four usability dropped to below 75%. An empirical study based on field experiments in Changzhou, China was performed. The results indicated that the quantitative method was capable of assessing the thermal usability of various urban spaces (e.g. basketball court, badminton field, walkway space and natural lawn), and could guide people in spatial modifications, outdoor activities and site management. The empirical studies also showed that airflow and radiation were the two critical meteorological factors, associated with urban infrastructure affecting the thermal usability of outdoor spaces. Activity metabolism showed a positive correlation with participant heat stress and a negative correlation with the thermal usability. Guidelines are used to guide participants to avoid optional activities and to provide them protective recommendations for necessary activities during periods of low thermal usability. Overall, this paper promotes methodological understandings of thermal usability, and provide policy makers, urban planners and designers, and urban managers with implications on effective heat solutions.