bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ВПЛИВ МЕТФОРМІНУ ТА ЙОГО КОМБІНАЦІЇ З МОДУЛЯТОРАМИ ОБМІНУ ГІДРОГЕН СУЛЬФІДУ НА РІВЕНЬ ГЛІКЕМІЇ І СТАН СИСТЕМИ H2S У НИРКАХ ЩУРІВ ПРИ СТРЕПТОЗОТОЦИНІНДУКОВАНОМУ ДІАБЕТІ
Authors: Струтинська О. Б. , Мельник А. В. 
Published: March 2023

Вступ. Діабетична нефропатія належить до тяжких мікросудинних ускладнень цукрового діабету (ЦД) і є однією з причин інвалідизації та смертності пацієнтів. Важливу роль в її лікуванні відіграє цукрознижувальний препарат “Метформін”. Залишається нез’ясованим питання щодо молекулярних механізмів дії метформіну, зокрема про роль сигнальної системи гідроген сульфіду (H2S) у його фармакологічній активності.
Мета дослідження – оцінити вплив метформіну та його комбінації з модуляторами обміну гідроген сульфіду на рівень глікемії і метаболізм H2S у нирках щурів при стрептозотоциніндукованому діабеті.
Методи дослідження. Досліди проведено на 75 білих нелінійних щурах-самцях масою 150–240 г. Їх поділили на 5 груп: 1-ша – контрольна; 2-га – тварини з експериментальним ЦД, який ініціювали одно­разовим інтраперитонеальним введенням стрептозотоцину (40 мг/кг маси) на 0,1 М цитратному буфері (pH 4,5); 3-тя – щури з експериментальним ЦД, які з 3-ї до 28-ї доби отримували лікування метфор­міном (500 мг/кг/добу, інтрагастрально); 4-та – тварини із ЦД, яким, крім метформіну, вводили NaHS (56 мкмоль/кг/добу, інтраперитонеально); 5-та – щури із ЦД, яким, крім метформіну, вводили пропаргілгліцин (442 мкмоль/кг/добу, інтраперитонеально). У периферичній крові визначали вміст глюкози, а в супернатанті гомогенату нирок оцінювали рівень H2S, активність H2S-синтезувальних ензимів (цистатіонін-γ-ліази – ЦГЛ, цистатіонін-β-синтази – ЦБС, цистеїнамінотрансферази/3-меркаптопіруватсульфуртранс­ферази – ЦАТ/3-МСТ), тіоредоксинредуктази (ТРР) та швидкість утилізації H2S.
Результати й обговорення. Стрептозотоциніндукований діабет (CТЦ-діабет) викликав вірогідне зростання у крові рівня глюкози в 4,6 раза (p˂0,001), зниження в нирках вмісту H2S, активності ­H2S-синтезувальних ензимів (ЦГЛ, ЦБС, ЦАТ/3-МСТ), активності ТРР на 33,2–58,1 % (p˂0,001), збільшення швидкості утилізації H2S на 79,4 % (p˂0,001) порівняно з показниками контрольної групи. Застосування метформіну при СТЦ-діабеті проявило гіпоглікемічну активність (рівень глюкози знизився на 25,2 %, p˂0,001, порівняно з нелікованими тваринами), зменшило дефіцит H2S у нирках (рівень H2S зріс на 27,9 %, p˂0,001), підвищило активність H2S-синтезувальних ензимів і ТРР (на 15,2–60,0 %, p˂0,05), а також зменшило швидкість утилізації H2S (на 32,7 %, p˂0,001). Введення донора H2S – NaHS потенціювало гіпоглікемічну активність метформіну та його здатність коригувати обмін H2S у нирках, тоді як введення інгібітора синтезу H2S – пропаргілгліцину мало протилежний ефект при СТЦ-діабеті.
Висновки. При СТЦ-діабеті метформін проявляє гіпоглікемічну активність та коригує порушення метаболізму H2S у нирках. Застосування NaHS посилює гіпоглікемічну активність метформіну і потенціює його вплив на систему H2S у нирках, тоді як використання пропаргілгліцину зменшує здатність метформіну коригувати гіперглікемію та обмін H2S у нирках.
Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential Is Associated With Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction In Early Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Akhiyat Nadia , Lasho Terra , Ganji Morsaleh , Toya Takumi , Shi Chang-Xin , Chen Xianfeng , Braggio Esteban , Ahmad Ali , Corban Michel T. , Stewart Keith , Fernandez Jenna , Xie Zhuoer , Finke Christy , Lerman Lilach O. , Patnaik Mrinal M. , Lerman Amir 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The relationship between CHIP and coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is unknown. The current study examines the association between CHIP and CH with CMD and the potential relationships in risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods:
In this retrospective observational study, targeted next-generation sequencing was performed for 177 participants with no coronary artery disease who presented with chest pain and underwent routine coronary functional angiogram. Patients with somatic mutations in leukemia-associated driver genes in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells were examined; CHIP was considered at a variant allele fraction ≥2%; CH was considered at a variant allele fraction ≥1%. CMD was defined as coronary flow reserve to intracoronary adenosine of ≤2. Major adverse cardiovascular events considered were myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, or stroke.

Results:

A total of 177 participants were examined. Mean follow-up was 12±7 years. A total of 17 patients had CHIP and 28 had CH. Cases with CMD (n=19) were compared with controls with no CMD (n=158). Cases were 56±9 years, were 68% women, and had more CHIP (27%;
P
=0.028) and CH (42%;
P
=0.001) than controls. CMD was associated with independent risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 3.89 [95% CI, 1.21–12.56];
P
=0.023), and 32% of this risk was mediated by CH. The risk mediated by CH was ≈0.5× as large as the direct effect of CMD on major adverse cardiovascular events.

Conclusions:
In humans, we observe patients with CMD are more likely to have CHIP, and nearly one-third of major adverse cardiovascular events in CMD are mediated by CH.
A Silent Disco: Differential Effects of Beat-based and Pattern-based Temporal Expectations on Persistent Entrainment of Low-frequency Neural Oscillations
Authors: Bouwer Fleur L. , Fahrenfort Johannes J. , Millard Samantha K. , Kloosterman Niels A. , Slagter Heleen A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The brain uses temporal structure in the environment, like rhythm in music and speech, to predict the timing of events, thereby optimizing their processing and perception. Temporal expectations can be grounded in different aspects of the input structure, such as a regular beat or a predictable pattern. One influential account posits that a generic mechanism underlies beat-based and pattern-based expectations, namely, entrainment of low-frequency neural oscillations to rhythmic input, whereas other accounts assume different underlying neural mechanisms. Here, we addressed this outstanding issue by examining EEG activity and behavioral responses during silent periods following rhythmic auditory sequences. We measured responses outlasting the rhythms both to avoid confounding the EEG analyses with evoked responses, and to directly test whether beat-based and pattern-based expectations persist beyond stimulation, as predicted by entrainment theories. To properly disentangle beat-based and pattern-based expectations, which often occur simultaneously, we used non-isochronous rhythms with a beat, a predictable pattern, or random timing. In Experiment 1 (n = 32), beat-based expectations affected behavioral ratings of probe events for two beat-cycles after the end of the rhythm. The effects of pattern-based expectations reflected expectations for one interval. In Experiment 2 (n = 27), using EEG, we found enhanced spectral power at the beat frequency for beat-based sequences both during listening and silence. For pattern-based sequences, enhanced power at a pattern-specific frequency was present during listening, but not silence. Moreover, we found a difference in the evoked signal following pattern-based and beat-based sequences. Finally, we show how multivariate pattern decoding and multiscale entropy—measures sensitive to non-oscillatory components of the signal—can be used to probe temporal expectations. Together, our results suggest that the input structure used to form temporal expectations may affect the associated neural mechanisms. We suggest climbing activity and low-frequency oscillations may be differentially associated with pattern-based and beat-based expectations.
Electrophysiological Indices of Distractor Processing in Visual Search Are Shaped by Target Expectations
Authors: van Moorselaar Dirk , Huang Changrun , Theeuwes Jan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Although in many cases salient stimuli capture attention involuntarily, it has been proposed recently that under certain conditions, the bottom–up signal generated by such stimuli can be proactively suppressed. In support of this signal suppression hypothesis, ERP studies have demonstrated that salient stimuli that do not capture attention elicit a distractor positivity (PD), a putative neural index of suppression. At the same time, it is becoming increasingly clear that regularities across preceding search episodes have a large influence on attentional selection. Yet to date, studies in support of the signal suppression hypothesis have largely ignored the role of selection history on the processing of distractors. The current study addressed this issue by examining how electrophysiological markers of attentional selection (N2pc) and suppression (PD) elicited by targets and distractors, respectively, were modulated when the search target randomly varied instead of being fixed across trials. Results showed that although target selection was unaffected by this manipulation, both in terms of manual response times, as well as in terms of the N2pc component, the PD component was reliably attenuated when the target features varied randomly across trials. This result demonstrates that the distractor PD, which is typically considered the marker of selective distractor processing, cannot unequivocally be attributed to suppression only, as it also, at least in part, reflects the upweighting of target features.
Dynamic Subgrid Turbulence Modeling for Shallow Cumulus Convection Simulations beyond LES Resolutions
Authors: Efstathiou Georgios A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A scale-dependent dynamic Smagorinsky model is implemented in the Met Office/NERC Cloud (MONC) model using two averaging flavors, along Lagrangian pathlines and local moving averages. The dynamic approaches were compared against the conventional Smagorinsky–Lilly scheme in simulating the diurnal cycle of shallow cumulus convection. The simulations spanned from the LES to the near-gray-zone and gray-zone resolutions and revealed the adaptability of the dynamic model across the scales and different stability regimes. The dynamic model can produce a scale- and stability-dependent profile of the subfilter turbulence length scale across the chosen resolution range. At gray-zone resolutions the adaptive length scales can better represent the early precloud boundary layer leading to temperature and moisture profiles closer to the LES compared to the standard Smagorinsky. As a result, the initialization and general representation of the cloud field in the dynamic model is in good agreement with the LES. In contrast, the standard Smagorinsky produces a less well-mixed boundary layer, which fails to ventilate moisture from the boundary layer, resulting in the delayed spinup of the cloud layer. Moreover, strong downgradient diffusion controls the turbulent transport of scalars in the cloud layer. However, the dynamic approaches rely on the resolved field to account for nonlocal transports, leading to overenergetic structures when the boundary layer is fully developed and the Lagrangian model is used. Introducing the local averaging version of the model or adopting a new Lagrangian time scale provides stronger dissipation without significantly affecting model behavior.
Reanalyzing the Relationship of Tropical Cyclone Frequency and Intensity Affecting South Korea with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation
Authors: Kim Dasol , Park Doo-Sun R. , Chang Minhee , Cha Dong-Hyun , Lee Minkyu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Several studies have reported a significant negative correlation between the tropical cyclone (TC) frequency affecting South Korea (KOR TC frequency) and the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), which is accompanied by the weak negative correlation between the TC intensity when TCs enter Korean coastal seas (KOR TC intensity) and PDO. However, the weak negative relationship between KOR TC intensity and PDO contradicts results from other related studies regarding the relationship between TC activity in the western North Pacific and PDO. Thus, we reexamined the PDO relationships with both KOR TC frequency and intensity and their mechanisms. Although a negative correlation between KOR TC frequency and PDO was consistently found, in contrast to previous studies, we found a significant positive correlation between KOR TC intensity and PDO. According to our analyses, during the negative phase, anomalous southeasterly winds over the Korean Peninsula and the northwestward shift in the mean TC genesis location favor the increase in KOR TC frequency. The northwestward mean TC genesis location migrates, which shortens the time spent over the warm ocean, weakening the lifetime maximum intensity and, consequently, the KOR TC intensity. We confirmed that our result is robust by performing various sensitivity tests examining the best track data, analysis period, TC season, and KOR TC definition.
Seasonally Alternate Roles of the North Pacific Oscillation and the South Pacific Oscillation in Tropical Pacific Zonal Wind and ENSO
Authors: Zhong Wenxiu , Cai Wenju , Sullivan Arnold , Duan Wansuo , Yang Song 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The western-central equatorial Pacific (WCEP) zonal wind affects El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) by involving a series of multiscale air–sea interactions. Its interannual variation contributes the most to ENSO amplitude. Thus, understanding the predictability of the WCEP interannual wind is of great importance for better predictions of ENSO. Here, we show that the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) and the South Pacific Oscillation (SPO) alternate in fueling this interannual wind from late boreal winter to austral winter in the presence of background trade winds in different hemispheres. During the boreal winter–spring, the NPO registers footprints in the tropics by benefiting from the Pacific meridional mode and modulating the northwestern Pacific intertropical convergence zone (NITCZ). However, as austral winter approaches, the SPO takes over the role of the NPO in maintaining the anomalous NITCZ. Moreover, the interannual wind is further driven to the east in the positive phase of the SPO, by intensified central-eastern equatorial Pacific convection resulting from tropical–extratropical heat flux adjustments. A reconstructed WCEP interannual wind index involving only the NPO and the SPO possesses a long lead time for ENSO prediction of nearly one year. These two extratropical boosters enhance the viability of equatorial Pacific zonal wind anomalies associated with the large growth rate of ENSO, and the one in the winter hemisphere seems to be more efficient in forcing the tropics. Our result further indicates that the NPO benefits a long-lead prediction of the WCEP interannual wind and ENSO, while the SPO is the dominant extratropical predictor of ENSO amplitude.

Significance Statement
ENSO is closely linked to the interannual variability of equatorial Pacific zonal wind, and ENSO prediction is impeded by the weak predictability of the wind. We have found that the North Pacific Oscillation and the South Pacific Oscillation take turns in affecting the interannual variability of the zonal wind from the late boreal winter to austral winter, and the winter hemisphere extratropical booster is more efficient in modulating tropical convection and the associated surface winds. An estimated zonal wind index constructed by the two extratropical precursors possesses a long lead time for ENSO prediction. Our result provides useful information for better predicting ENSO by further considering winter hemisphere extratropical climate variability.
Income Inequality and Intergenerational Mobility in India
Authors: Singh Anuradha 
Published: March 2023

The rise in income inequality coupled with an increase in GDP per capita is attributed to the degree of intergenerational income mobility (IGIM). The main purpose of this article is to examine the relationship between income inequality and IGIM in India. Using the unit-level records of National Sample Survey data, the present study attempts to examine relative and absolute income mobility by way of segregating generations into social groups and income classes. The originality of the article lies in assessing the IGIM using different approaches, which will contribute to the existing literature. We conclude that the country has low-income mobility and high inequality which is no longer associated with a particular social group in India. Moreover, the relationship between income inequality and intergenerational mobility is both negative and positive. JEL Codes: D63, J62, R13
Not a Mexican Pink Tide: The AMLO Administration and the Neoliberal Left
Authors: Centeno Ramón I. 
Published: March 2023

For the first time, Mexico has a presidential administration that defines itself as “post-neoliberal,” but, although the government of Andrés Manuel López Obrador is the most powerful the young Mexican democracy has ever seen, it is far from dismantling neoliberalism. It is a failed progressivism, and therefore it makes no sense to conceptualize it as “leftist.” Por primera vez, México tiene una administración presidencial que se define a sí misma como “posneoliberal” pero, aunque el gobierno de Andrés Manuel López Obrador es el más poderoso que la joven democracia mexicana haya visto, está lejos de desmantelar el neoliberalismo. Se trata de un progresismo fallido, y por lo tanto no tiene sentido conceptualizarlo como “izquierdista”.
Synthesis and characterization of gamma irradiated polyvinyl chloride/graphite carbon nitride nanocomposite films for electronic applications
Authors: Sharaf A , Elhady MA , Abdel-Galil A , Eladl Sh M , Nasr A 
Published: March 2023

This study introduces the synthesis of graphite-carbon nitrite (g-C3N4) using thermal treatment of urea. The prepared powder is treated to generate nanoparticles. The structure and grain size of the g-C3N4 have been obtained via X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and transmission electron microscope. The graphite-carbon nitride on Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC/g-C3N4) nanocomposite films were produced by mixing different concentrations (0, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 20 wt%) of nanoparticles with Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) solutions. The structure and elemental composition of the prepared nanocomposites films PVC/g-C3N4 were studied by using XRD, scanning electron microscope (SEM), (EDX), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and electron spin resonance (ESR). Also, spectral distribution of the optical absorbance for the PVC/g-C3N4 nanocomposites films was studied in the wavelength range from 190 to 1100 nm. Thermal stability of the investigated nanocomposites films was investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis technique (TGA). The effect of various concentrations of the g-C3N4 and different doses of gamma-rays on the polymeric matrix and electrical properties of PVC film also has been investigated. The g-C3N4 additives on PVC influenced the crystal structure and optical properties of the nanocomposites films. The nanocomposite film with 10% g-C3N4 achieved higher values of the refractive index and optical conductivity compared with the other films. With different doses of gamma-ray irradiation, the crystal structure and optical properties of PVC/g-C3N4 nanocomposite films were changed in accordance to the cross-linking process within the PVC polymeric chains where a structural rearrangement can be occurred as a result of gamma irradiation. The elemental composition and morphological study of PVC/g-C3N4 nanocomposite films have been checked by the scanning electron microscopy which indicated the homogeneous dispersion of g-C3N4 nanoparticles within PVC network. Finally, electrical properties of PVC/g-C3N4 nanocomposite films with different ratios and distinct gamma doses also have been studied.
Pathways, Contexts, and Voices of Shame and Compassion: A Grounded Theory of the Evolution of Perinatal Suicidality
Authors: Biggs Laura J. , Jephcott Bonnie , Vanderwiel Kim , Melgaard Imogen , Bott Shannon , Paderes Mitzi , Borninkhof Julie , Birks Melanie 
Published: March 2023

There is an urgent need to generate deeper understandings of how suicidality manifests and evolves during pregnancy and the following year. Several perinatal studies have examined the incidence of suicidal thoughts and behaviours and associated social and obstetric risk factors; however, there is very limited research offering insights into women’s experiences of suicidality at this time in their lives. This study aimed to generate a theory to explain how suicidality evolves in the perinatal period. A grounded theory design was used with data generated using anonymous online surveys (119 participants) and in-depth interviews (20 participants) with women who received pregnancy care in the past 5 years in Australia. The developed theory holds shame as a core concept. Origins and contexts of shame reflect current epidemiological understandings of risk for perinatal suicide, including experiences of gender-based violence, adverse childhood experiences, and a history of mental health difficulties. When women feel that they are defective, are unworthy of love and belonging, and do not possess what it takes to be a good mother, they can conclude that their family is better off without them. Pathways beyond shame were facilitated by compassionate and rehumanising care from family, friends, and care providers. Findings demonstrate that perinatal suicidality is a complex multidimensional phenomenon, influenced by socio-cultural expectations of motherhood and interpersonal, systemic, and intergenerational experiences of trauma. Increasing the prominence of perinatal suicide prevention within health professional education and practice, and addressing systemic barriers to compassionate health care are critical first steps to addressing perinatal suicide.
Braun Anastomosis: A Technique for Bile Reflux Improvement After Single Anastomosis Sleeve Ileal (SASI) Bypass; a Pilot Study
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Vahid , Haghighat Neda , Kamran Hooman , Arianpour Hooman , Vahidi Abtin , Hesameddini Iman , Zaid Akool Mohammed Abd , Moeinvaziri Nader 
Published: March 2023

Background. Single anastomotic surgeries can increase the risk of reflux, marginal ulceration, and gastrointestinal complications. Braun anastomosis prevents bile reflux after gastric resection and gastrojejunal anastomosis surgeries. The present pilot study evaluated Braun’s efficacy in a single anastomosis sleeve ileal (SASI) bypass surgery. Methods. 28 patients with a history of SASI bypass surgery from October 2017 to September 2021 were included in the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on having Braun anastomosis to this surgical procedure; group A: underwent SASI bypass without Braun anastomosis; group B: underwent SASI bypass with Braun anastomosis. The surgical complications in terms of bile reflux, marginal ulcer, reflux esophagitis, and gastritis were evaluated and compared between the groups. Results. Bile reflux and reflux esophagitis were seen more in group A than in group B (37.5% vs 8.3% and 18.8% vs 8.3%, respectively). In contrast, 2 patients (16.7%) in group B had marginal ulcers compared to 1 (6.3%) in group A. Also, gastritis was seen in 1 patient in each group (6.3% in group A vs 8.3% in group B). However, the differences were not statistically different. Conclusions. Braun anastomosis is probably an effective procedure to reduce bile reflux, a concern of SASI bypass. Besides, further studies with a larger study population are needed.