bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who Gets Caught in the Web of Lies?: Understanding Susceptibility to Phishing Emails, Fake News Headlines, and Scam Text Messages
Authors: Sarno Dawn M. , Black Jeffrey 
Published: May 2023

Objective The present study investigated if the same users are vulnerable to phishing emails, scam text messages, and fake news headlines and if there are universal predictors of susceptibility for all three tasks. Background Theoretical research provides support for the notion that the same users likely fall for multiple forms of online deception. However, no research has directly compared susceptibility for various online deceptions (eg phishing, disinformation, scam text messages) within the same group of users. Method Participants completed an online survey consisting of demographic questions, the Cognitive Reflection Test (ie impulsivity), and the Digital Literacy Scale, and classified 90 legitimate and deceptive emails, text messages, and news headlines. Results Results suggest that individuals who struggle to discriminate between deceptive and legitimate stimuli on one task experience similar difficulties on the other two tasks. Additionally, while lower levels of digital literacy and cognitive reflectiveness predicted poorer discrimination abilities across all three tasks, age did not predict performance. Interestingly, participants appeared to be the most susceptible to phishing emails. Conclusion Overall, individuals who fall for one form of online deception appear to be more likely to fall for other forms of deception, and digital literacy and cognitive reflectiveness can predict widespread vulnerability to online deception. Application Organizations may be able to identify potential vulnerabilities for a variety of online attacks by measuring digital literacy, cognitive reflectiveness, and performance in one online deception task. Additionally, training interventions may be the most needed for phishing emails.
An examination and proposed theoretical model of risk and protective factors for bereavement outcomes for family members of individuals who engaged in medical aid in dying: A systematic review
Authors: Singer Jonathan , Daum Courtney , Evans Amelia , Schneider Sydnie , Vugrin Margaret , Loggers Elizabeth 
Published: May 2023

Background: Medical Aid in Dying is an end-of-life option that allows a physician to provide a patient with a prescription to end their life. Though Medical Aid in Dying intends to reduce suffering for a patient, opponents argue Medical Aid in Dying may increase suffering for the family members during bereavement. To better understand the bereavement outcomes for family members/friends following Medical Aid in Dying, an exhaustive review of the risk and protective factors for bereavement outcomes is warranted. Aim: This systemic review aimed to identify studies that examined bereavement outcomes of family members of individuals who engage in Medial Aid in Dying, identify risk and protective factors for bereavement outcomes, and propose a theoretical model to enhance conceptual clarity. Design: A mixed-method systematic review. Data sources: Ten databases were searched on June 16, 2021 and later conducted two updates (latest April 25, 2022). Results: Thirteen articles met inclusion criteria. Risk and protective factors were identified pre-Medical Aid in Dying and risk factors post-Medical Aid in Dying. Few studies compared bereavement outcomes for family members of individuals utilizing Medical Aid in Dying to family members who lost someone to natural loss. Conclusions: This study provides equivocal results about the effects of Medical Aid in Dying on family members following the loss. The theoretical model outlines potential risk and protective factors. This model provides a greater understanding of possible universal risk and protective factors for family members of individuals who engaged in Medical Aid in Dying.
Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide in a Multicentre Cohort: Real-Life Experience From Spain
Authors: Torralba Miguel , Rodríguez Gema , González Gasca Francisco Javier , Cuadra Fernando , Barberá José , Geijo Paloma , Silva Andrea , García María Isabel , Ostaiza Marcos Alexander , García Pérez Ana María , Arroyo Esther , Larrubia Juan Ramón , Gutiérrez Almudena , Porras María Lourdes , Calvo Sánchez Henar , Peña-Asensio Julia , Arias Julio Gabriel , Mendoza Inés 
Published: May 2023

Background: The evaluation of bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) in clinical trials has shown high rates of virological suppression but information about its use in real-life settings is scarce. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness, safety, durability, and predictive variables of therapeutic failure of BIC/FTC/TAF in a real-life cohort. Methods This observational, retrospective, multicentered cohort study included treatment-naive (TN) and treatment-experienced (TE) adult patients living with HIV (PLWH) who started treatment with BIC/FTC/TAF from January 1, 2019, to January 31, 2022. Treatment effectiveness (based on intention-to-treat [ITT], modified ITT [mITT], and on-treatment [OT]), tolerability, and safety were evaluated in all patients who started BIC/FTC/TAF antiretroviral therapy. Results: We included a total of 505 PLWH of whom 79 (16.6%) were TN and 426 (83.4%) were TE. Patients were followed up for a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 19.6 (9.6-27.3) months, and 76% and 56% of PLWH reached month 6 and month 12 of treatment, respectively. Rates of TN PLWH with HIV-RNA <50 copies/mL in the OT, mITT, and ITT groups were 94%, 80%, and 62%, respectively, after 12 months of BIC/FTC/TAF treatment. Rates of TE PLWH with HIV-RNA <50 copies/mL were 91%, 88%, and 75% at month 12. The multivariate analysis revealed that neither age, sex, CD4 cell count <200 cells/μL, or viral load >100 000 copies/mL were associated with therapeutic failure. Conclusion and relevance: Our real-life data showed that BIC/FTC/TAF is effective and safe for use in the treatment of both TN and TE patients in clinical practice.
Immunosuppressant adherence in adult outpatient hematopoietic cell transplant recipients
Authors: McCune Jeannine S , Armenian Saro H , Nakamura Ryotaro , Shan Haoyue , Kanakry Christopher G , Mielcarek Marco , Gao Wei , Mager Donald E 
Published: May 2023

Introduction Medication nonadherence continues to be challenging for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. The risk and severity of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are associated with low immunosuppressant concentrations (which can be improved with model-informed precision dosing (MIPD)) and with immunosuppressant nonadherence (which can be improved with acceptable interventions). Methods With the goals of improving adherence and achieving therapeutic concentrations of immunosuppressants to eliminate GVHD, we characterized the feasibility of using the Medication Event Monitoring (MEMS®) Cap in adult HCT recipients. Results Of the 27 participants offered the MEMS® Cap at the time of hospital discharge, 7 (25.9%) used it, which is below our a priori threshold of 70%. These data suggest the MEMS® Cap is not feasible for HCT recipients. The MEMS® Cap data were available for a median of 35 days per participant per medication (range: 7–109 days). The average daily adherence per participant ranged from 0 to 100%; four participants had an average daily adherence of over 80%. Conclusions MIPD may be supported by MEMS® technology to provide the precise time of immunosuppressant self-administration. The MEMS® Cap was used by only a small percentage (25.9%) of HCT recipients in this pilot study. In accordance with larger studies using less accurate tools to evaluate adherence, immunosuppressant adherence varied from 0% to 100%. Future studies should establish the feasibility and clinical benefit of combining MIPD with newer technology, specifically the MEMS® Button, which can inform the oncology pharmacist of the time of immunosuppressant self-administration.
Antithrombotic and hemostatic stewardship: Evaluation of romiplostim for treatment of thrombocytopenia at a large academic medical center
Authors: Wong Adrian , Ahuja Tania , Cirrone Frank , Xiang Elaine 
Published: May 2023

Romiplostim is indicated for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), though is often used off-label for other indications such as chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) and thrombocytopenia post hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although romiplostim is FDA approved at a starting dose of 1 mcg/kg, it is often initiated at 2–4 mcg/kg depending on the severity of thrombocytopenia in clinical practice. Given the limited data, but interest in higher doses of romiplostim for indications other than ITP, we aimed to assess our inpatient romiplostim utilization at NYU Langone Health. This was a single-center, retrospective review of 84 adult patients from January 2019 to July 2021. The top three indications were ITP (51, 60.7%), CIT (13, 15.5%), and HSCT (10, 11.9%). The median initial romiplostim dose was 3.8 mcg/kg (range, 0.9–10.8). 51% of patients achieved a platelet count of ≥50 × 109/L by the end of week 1 of therapy. For patients achieving goal platelets by the end of week 1, the median dose of romiplostim was 2.4 mcg/kg (range, 0.9–10.8). There was 1 episode of thrombosis and 1 episode of stroke. We found that higher than FDA-recommended initial doses should be considered to achieve a platelet response. It appears to be safe to initiate romiplostim as higher doses, and to increase doses by greater increments than 1 mcg/kg in order to achieve a platelet response. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of romiplostim in off-label indications and should evaluate clinical outcomes such as bleeding and need for transfusions.
Case report of cavernous haemangioma in the supraorbital region in the extraconal space: A rare location
Authors: Maheshwari Sandip 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Cavernous haemangioma is the most common benign non-infiltrative neoplasm of the orbit. Most cavernous haemangiomas are intraconal and lateral in location. Case report: We present a rare case of a cavernous haemangioma with an unusual location in the supraorbital region of the orbit, presenting with soft tissue swelling. Discussion: Cavernous haemangiomas are the most common benign non-infiltrative neoplasms of the orbit and have a slowly progressive mass effect. A slowly progressive proptosis is the typical presenting symptom. Extraocular muscle impairment and impaired visual function are seen with large lesions and with lesions located at the orbital apex. Most cavernous haemangiomas are typically intraconal and lateral in location. Extraconal and medial locations are uncommon. Ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are useful imaging techniques for the evaluation of such tumours. Treatment of the tumour is surgical excision. Complete excision is generally accomplished as the tumour is well-encapsulated with relatively few feeding vessels.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors for Anemia in Pregnant Women in White Nile State, Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Elmugabil Abdelmageed , Adam Ishag 
Published: May 2023

Introduction Anemia during pregnancy can lead to several adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Despite preventive measures, anemia during pregnancy remains a threatening health problem, especially in sub-Saharan African countries. Objective We aimed to determine the prevalence of, and factors associated with, anemia among pregnant women at Rabak Maternity Hospital, Sudan. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study involving pregnant women who presented to Rabak Maternity Hospital from September to December 2021. Questionnaires were completed via face-to-face interviews to gather both obstetric and sociodemographic information (i.e., age, parity, history of miscarriage, education, level of antenatal care), and hemoglobin levels were estimated. A logistic regression analysis was performed. Results The median (interquartile range) of the age and parity of the 208 women enrolled in the study was 25 (21.0–30.0) years and 2 (1–4), respectively. Forty-five (21.6%) women did not use iron-folic acid during the index pregnancy. Eighty-eight (42.3%) women had anemia, and four (1.9%) had severe anemia. In the univariate analysis, age, parity, history of miscarriage, interpregnancy interval, education, and antenatal care level were shown not to be associated with anemia. A higher number of women with anemia did not use iron-folic acid during the index pregnancy than those without anemia (29/80 [33.0%] vs. 16/120 [13.3%], respectively, p = .001). Not taking iron-folic acid was found to be associated with anemia in the multivariate analysis (adjusted odds ratio = 3.19, 95% confidence interval = 1.60–6.63). Conclusion Anemia was found to be a major health problem among the pregnant women in this study. There is no clear evidence across the women with anemia that their anemia stems from lack of using iron-folic acid (in fact, some women used iron-folic acid and they were anemic). There is a possibility that using iron-folic acid may prevent anemia in this part of Sudan.
Climate of Online e-Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic in a Saudi Medical School: Students’ Perspective
Authors: Salih Karimeldin MA , Elnour Suaad , Mohammed Nahid , Alkhushayl Abdullah M. , Alghamdi Ali A , Eljack Ibrahim A. , Al-Faifi Jaber , Ibrahim Mutasim E 
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION The circumstances of the COVID-19 lockdown offered an opportunity to develop remote educational strategies in medical education. OBJECTIVES To assess medical students’ experiences with online e-learning (OeL) satisfaction, intellectual environment, and communication during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire (21 items) was used to evaluate OeL in three domains of satisfaction (nine items), intellectual environment (seven items), and communication (five items). Students from years one to six were invited to fill out the questionnaire form with five-point Likert scale responses. Descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and independent t-test were used to evaluate the association between variables. RESULTS Out of 237 participants, 96.6% (158 male and 71 female) responded to the questionnaire. Most students (86.5%) preferred the blackboard for their e-learning. The mean total scores were 30.18 ± 6.9 out of 45 for satisfaction, 19.67 ± 5.4 out of 25 for communication 25.43 ± 5.1 out of 35 for the intellectual environment. Over 50% of the students rated moderate scores on satisfaction and intellectual environment domains. About 85% of the students rated moderate scores in the communication domain. Male students rated higher significant scores than female students for satisfaction (31.3 ± 6.3 vs 27.6 ± 7; P < .001) and intellectual environment (26.3 ± 4.32 vs 3.5 ± 6.1; P < .001). There were no significant differences in students’ responses to the tested domains related to GPA level. Significantly higher levels of scores for satisfaction (33.3 ± 5.6 vs 28.8 ± 6.9; P < .001) and communication (21.2 ± 4.5 vs 18.9 ± 5.7; P = .019) were obtained by clerkship students than pre-clerkship. CONCLUSIONS Medical students’ experiences with e-learning are encouraging, which might be more effective with continuous training programs for students and tutors. Although OeL is an acceptable methodology, further studies are needed to analyze its impact on the target learning outcomes and students’ academic achievement.
Predicting risk of AF in ischaemic stroke using sinus rhythm ECG abnormalities: A meta-analysis
Authors: Berry-Noronha Alexander , Bonavia Luke , Wilson Duncan , Eranti Antti , Rasmussen Maria Uggen , Sajadieh Ahmad , Kreimer Fabienne , Gotzmann Michael , Sahathevan Ramesh 
Published: May 2023

Objective: To identify ECG changes in sinus rhythm that may be used to predict subsequent development of new AF. Method: We identified prospective and retrospective cohort or case control studies evaluating ECG patterns from a 12-lead ECG in sinus rhythm taken in hospital or community predicting subsequent development of new AF. For each identified ECG predictor, we then identify absolute event rates and pooled risk ratios (RR) using an aggregate level random effects meta-analysis. Results: We identified 609,496 patients from 22 studies. ECG patterns included P wave terminal force V1 (PTFV1), interatrial block (IAB) and advanced interatrial block (aIAB), abnormal P wave axis (aPWA), PR prolongation and atrial premature complexes (APCs). Pooled risk ratios reached significance for each of these; PTFV1 RR 1.48 (95% CI 1.04–2.10), IAB 2.54 (95% CI 1.64–3.93), aIAB 4.05 (95% CI 2.64–6.22), aPWA 1.89 (95% CI 1.25–2.85), PR prolongation 2.22 (95% CI 1.27–3.87) and APCs 3.71 (95% CI 2.23–6.16). Diabetes reduced the predictive value of PR prolongation. Conclusion: APC and aIAB were most predictive of AF, while IAB, PR prolongation, PTFV1 and aPWA were also significantly associated with development of AF. These support their use in a screening tool to identify at risk cohorts who may benefit from further investigation, or following stroke, with empirical anticoagulation.
Advancement of Periosteal and Capsular Complexes With or Without Augmentation Using a Free Graft From Lower Extensor Retinaculum: A Comparative Study With Propensity Score Matching
Authors: Sugimoto Kazuya , Isomoto Shinji , Miura Kimio , Hyakuda Yoshinobu , Ota Yuichi , Taniguchi Akira , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: May 2023

Background: This study compared the outcome of the L-shaped (L-AD) advancement of the periosteal and capsular complexes with or without augmentation using a free graft of the lower extensor retinaculum (AUG) in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability. Methods: A matched pair analysis was performed of retrospectively collected medical records of patients undergoing lateral ankle ligament repair who had completed at least 2 years of follow-up. Patients who underwent L-AD with AUG and patients undergoing L-AD alone were matched for age, sex, stress radiography findings, and body mass index. Patients with general joint laxity, osteoarthritic changes in the ankle, and subtalar symptoms and who underwent simultaneous surgical treatment for conditions other than that for lateral ankle ligament were excluded. A total of 46 patients were included in the study (23 patients in each group). Clinical outcome scores and postoperative mechanical instability were compared. Results: The median American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score improved significantly ( P < .001) from 72 to 97 in the L-AD alone group and from 77 to 100 in the L-AD with AUG group. The mean (±SD) talar tilt angles improved significantly from 11.1 to 4.7 degrees postoperatively ( P < .001) in the L-AD alone group vs 9.7 to 5.2 degrees ( P < .001) in the L-AD with AUG group. The mean anterior drawer distances were improved significantly postoperatively from 6.4 to 4.7 mm ( P < .001) in the L-AD alone group, and from 6.5 to 4.5 mm ( P < .001) in the L-AD with AUG group. Conclusion: The L-AD technique significantly improved AOFAS scores and mechanical instability of ankles with chronic lateral instability with a very low complication rate. Additional augmentation using a free graft showed no advantages in the ankle with a talar tilt of <20 degrees. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective case-control series.
Comparative effect of deliberate hypotensive anesthesia using nitroglycerine vs. phentolamine on event related potentials and cognitive functions in patients undergoing septoplasty: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fathy Wael , Hussein Mona , Magdy Rehab , Soliman Hanan H , Elmoutaz Hatem , Meshref Alaa A , Sabry Reem M , Elgaly Marwa A , Fawaz Mohammed , Kassim Dina Y 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a noteworthy complication of deliberate hypotensive anesthesia. The aim of this work was to compare the effect of deliberate hypotensive anesthesia using nitroglycerine versus phentolamine on event-related potentials and cognitive function in patients undergoing septoplasty surgery.

Methods
This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted on 80 patients indicated for septoplasty under general anesthesia; 40 patients received intra-operative Nitroglycerine and 40 patients received intra-operative Phentolamine. Cognitive assessment (using Paired Associate Learning test (PALT) and Benton Visual Retention test (BVRT)) and P300 recording were done for all included patients pre-operatively and one week postoperatively.

Results
The scores of PALT and Benton BVRT significantly declined one week following surgery in both Nitroglycerine and Phentolamine groups. There was no statistically significant difference between Nitroglycerine and Phentolamine groups in the postoperative decline in either PALT or BVRT (P-value = 0.342, 0.662 respectively). The values of P300 latency showed a significant delay one week following surgery in both Nitroglycerine and Phentolamine groups (P-value ≤ 0.001, 0.001), but in Nitroglycerine group, the delay is significantly higher than in Phentolamine group (P-value = 0.003). The values of P300 amplitude significantly decreased one week following surgery in both Nitroglycerine and Phentolamine groups (P-value ≤ 0.001, 0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference between Nitroglycerine and Phentolamine groups (P-value = 0.099).

Conclusion
Phentolamine is preferred over nitroglycerin in deliberate hypotensive anesthesia because it has less harmful effect on cognitive function than nitroglycerin.