bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Surface Membrane Determinant Shared by Subpopulations of Thymocytes and B Lymphocytes
Authors: Stout Robert D. , Yutoku M. , Grossberg A. , Pressman D. , Herzenberg Leonard A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Utilizing a quantitative fluorescence assay with the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS), we have demonstrated that a rabbit antiserum obtained by immunization with cells of a mouse IgM-producing plasma cell tumor (MOPC104E) is reactive with at least two surface determinants, designated Th-B and ML2, on subpopulations of normal murine lymphocytes. The ML2 determinant is restricted to B lymphocytes. The Th-B determinant is shared by splenic B lymphocytes and a large subpopulation of thymocytes, the latter of which express a 3-fold higher density of Th-B on their surface than do the B lymphocytes. Neither Th-B nor ML2 were found on peripheral T cells or on brain, liver, or kidney cells. The available evidence suggesting that Th-B may be a stem cell determinant that is lost upon maturation is discussed.
T Cell Products Activating Stem Cells: Further Studies on the Origin and Action of the Factor(s)
Authors: Cerny Jan , Waner Elizabeth B. , Rubin Arnold S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We studied the capacity of bone marrow hemopoietic stem cells to form colonies (colony forming units, CFU) in the spleens of irradiated recipient mice following incubation of the cells with T cell-derived mediators in short-term culture in vitro. The mediators were a) stem cell-activating factor (SAF) present in crude form in the supernatant from phytohemagglutinin (PHA); stimulated lymphocytes, and b) immunoenhancing factor (IEF) obtained in partially purified form from the supernatant of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes and characterized by its ability to enhance antibody formation in vitro. Both SAF and IEF increased the number of CFU in the cultured bone marrow cell suspension. However, only SAF, and not IEF, significantly stimulated DNA synthesis in the cultured cells. Furthermore, SAF appears to activate CFU in vitro, rather than merely to promote the survival of active CFU stem cells. Experiments with SAF and bone marrow from different strains of mice indicated that the biologic activity was not restricted by K and Ia regions of H2 complex.
Radioresistance of Cells Responsible for Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions in the Mouse
Authors: Kettman J. , Mathews M. C. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The cells responsible for delayed hypersensitivity reactivity in the mouse act in a radioresistant fashion only if such irradiated cells are injected directly into the site of antigen challenge. Intravenous transfer of irradiated, primed spleen cells does not achieve a transfer of sensitivity to show delayed type hypersensitivity reactions. Transfer of sensitivity by the intravenous route can be effected by injection of non-irradiated spleen cells from primed mice.
Separation of Lymphocytes by Specific Adherence to Cellular Monolayers Containing Protein a of Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Ghetie Victor , Sjöquist John 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A technique was developed for the isolation of lymphocytes according to their surface antigenic markers. The method was based on the general reaction of protein A (SpA from S. aureus) with the Fc-part of an IgG antibody. Monolayers of S. aureus or SpA-coated sheep red blood cells (SpA-SRBC) fix antibody-charged cells specifically; non-fixed cells are easily removed by washing. Alternatively, the monolayers can be treated with a cell surface specific antibody prior to addition of non-charged cells. Monolayer-adhered cells were detached by the addition of lysostaphin (bacterial monolayer) or ammonium chloride (SpA-SRBC monolayer). As an example, Ig-bearing cells were isolated from mouse spleen lymphocytes using a specific rabbit anti-mouse Ig serum for charging either the cells or the monolayers.
The recovery of Ig-bearing cells was approximately 84%. The purity of the cells was approximately 83% and the viability 89%. Antibody-SpA complexes on the surface of isolated cells were removed either by trypsin treatment or by cultivation. Ig on the cell surface is restored after 16 hr of cultivation.
Difference in B Cell Mitogen Responsiveness Between Closely Related Strains of Mice
Authors: Rosenstreich David L. , Glode L. Michael 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spleen cells from C3H/HeJ mice respond very poorly to the mitogenic action of endotoxin (LPS) in vitro whereas cells from a very closely related strain, C3H/HeN respond very well. An analysis of the genetic similarity of these two strains was performed. There is no significant MLR measurable between cells of these strains under a variety of culture conditions. They do not manifest a significant graft-vs-host response nor do they reject reciprocal skin grafts. Because of this genetic similarity, it is possible to reconstitute the LPS response of nonresponder mice by an adoptive transfer of spleen cells from C3H/HeN mice. This strain pair should therefore prove useful in analyzing the genetic and cellular basis of endotoxin reactivity.
Existence of the VHIII Subgroup in Rabbit Antibody Heavy Chains
Authors: Wang Lom-Seng , Hora James , Friedenson Bernard 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Sequence analysis of CNBr fragments from the heavy chains of a rabbit anti-p-azobenzoate antibody of restricted heterogeneity has revealed a VHIII-like heavy chain sequence which was present in 6 to 10% of the heavy chain preparation.
Comparative Studies on Monotypic IgMλ and IgGκ from an Individual Patient
Authors: Hopper John E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A comparative idiotypic antigenic analysis of an IgMλ and an IgGκ paraprotein obtained from sera of an individual patient, Br, revealed the presence of very similar idiotypic determinants associated with the VH regions of the Br µ- and γ-chains. In addition, the IgGκ protein expressed light (L) chain-associated idiotypic determinants which were not evident on the IgMλ protein or its isolated L chains.
Extensive tests of specificity revealed that the shared VH idiotypic determinants were not present in large weight amounts of heterologous nonspecific IgM and IgG, nor on Ig molecules contained in a large number of normal and myeloma sera.
Biologic Properties of Transplantation Immune Sera
Authors: Duc H. T. , Kinsky R. G. , Kanellopoulos J. , Voisin G. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The influence of the course of immunization on the facilitating-enhancing activity of antibody classes has been studied by passive enhancement of growth of A/JAX sarcomas in CBA and IC mice and of C57BL/6 EL 4 leukemia in BALB/c mice. The influence of dilution of antibodies and complexing to antigens was also studied.
During immunization (with several boosters), the enhancing capacity of sera increased together with 7S IgG antibody activity, but showed no correlation with 19S IgM antibody activity. It also was mercaptoethanol resistant. Fractionation and monospecific immunoabsorption showed IgG1 to be more enhancing than an equal number of hemagglutinating units of IgG2a.
When concentrated on a small amount (105) of target sarcoma I cells, complement-fixing IC anti-A antibodies were even inhibitory on Sa I allografted to IC recipients.
Progressive dilutions reversed this situation, IgG1 activity disappearing and IgG2 acquiring enhancing activity. After complexing to corresponding antigens IgG2 also (and immune sera with inhibitory properties) acquired enhancing properties.
These results may provide a basis for understanding the discrepancies between the results of several groups of authors studying the class(es) of enhancing antibodies.
Human Lymphocyte Alloantigen(s) Similar to Murine Ir Region-Associated (Ia) Antigens
Authors: Arbeit Robert D. , Sachs David H. , Amos D. Bernard , Dickler Howard B. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
An anti-HL-A human alloantiserum contained antibodies specific for B lymphocyte alloantigen(s). These antigens were distinct from HL-A antigens and, unlike the latter, were closely associated with B lymphocyte Fc receptors. By analogy to the mouse, we suggest that these antigens are associated with an Ir gene region linked to the HL-A locus.
The Requirement for Macrophage-Lymphocyte Interaction in T Lymphocyte Proliferation Induced by Generation of Aldehydes on Cell Membranes
Authors: Greineder Dirk K. , Rosenthal Alan S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Guinea pig T lymphocyte proliferation induced by sodium periodate (NaIO4) or neuraminidase-galactose oxidase (NG) occurs when lymphocytes and macrophages are cultured together after treatment of either purified T lymphocytes or macrophages with these agents. Regardless of which cell initially bears the modified surface carbohydrate, lymphocyte proliferation requires the presence of viable homologous macrophages and fails to occur when they are replaced with fibroblasts, erythrocytes, L2C leukemia cells, thymocytes, PMN, line I hepatoma cells, or murine macrophages. Lymphocyte proliferation resulting from NaIO4 or NG treatment of lymphocytes is diminished when these cells are treated with proteolytic enzymes or aged in in vitro culture for 48 hr. By contrast, proteolytic enzyme treatment or in vitro aging has no effect on the ability of NaIO4 or NG-treated macrophages to induce lymphocyte proliferation. The requirement for macrophage-lymphocyte interaction in NaIO4 or NG-induced lymphocyte proliferation is indicative of a central role for the macrophage in the initiation of T lymphocyte proliferation.
Complete Local Tumor Regression with Antibody to Fibrin Fragment E
Authors: Schlager Seymour I. , Dray Sheldon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rabbit antibody to fibrin fragment E (FFE) was used in an immunotherapy model for the treatment of the line-10 ascites variant of a diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatoma in strain 2 guinea pigs. When 0.75 or 1.0 mg of an IgG preparation containing anti-FFE antibody was injected s.c. 6 and 16 days after the injection of a uniformly lethal dose of line-10 tumor cells, complete regression of the i.d. growing tumor was observed in all 18 strain 2 guinea pigs treated. Thus, this therapy appears to be more effective than any BCG or other immunotherapeutic regimen thus far reported for this tumor. No significant anti-tumor effect was noted when normal rabbit IgG or smaller doses (0.25 or 0.50 mg) of the anti-FFE IgG preparation were used. The injection sites exhibited an inflammatory response for 7 to 10 days characterized by erythema and hemorrhage. Since all animals were treated after the metastatic progression of the tumor is known to frequently occur, the long-term tumor-free survival of these animals as well as their resistance to subsequent tumor challenge indicate that the anti-FFE antibody therapy led to systemic tumor immunity.
Studies of Surface Immunoglobulins on Human B Lymphocytes
Authors: Kumagai Katsuo , Abo Toru , Sekizawa Tsuyoshi , Sasaki Mutsuo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lymphocyte preparations isolated from the human peripheral blood were exposed to different acid pH or incubated at 37°C and the presence of immunoglobulin (Ig) on the cell surface was examined by immunofluorescence (IF) tests. Subsequently, such treated cells were incubated in the autologous serum or in the purified IgG, IgA or IgM proteins and their ability to bind each class of Ig was examined. The results showed that IgG molecules dissociated from large proportions of IgG-positive cells upon exposure to pH 4 at 1°C for 1 min or upon incubation at 37°C for 20 min. The cells from which IgG had been dissociated could again combine with IgG, whereupon the number of positive cells increased, being restored to the number equivalent to or higher than those before acid or 37°C treatment. These results indicated that the treatment could elute the cell-bound IgG present on the cell and that the receptor sites were not degraded by the treatment and could combine with IgG. These cell-bound IgG were observed not only on the monocytes, but also on the small lymphocytes. It was also found that certain proportions of mononuclear cells carried the cell-bound IgA that could be dissociated with acid pH or 37°C. No cell-bound IgM was observed on any mononuclear cells. Microscopic observations before and after acid or 37°C treatment revealed that the staining distribution of the cell-bound IgG and IgA on the cell was granular, appearing as a discontinuous fluorescence ring and forming multiple aggregates but no typical polar caps on warming. In contrast, IgG, IgA, and IgM stable to acid or 37°C treatment were found on the lymphocytes but not on the monocytes, and their staining distribution was uniformly diffuse, appearing as a continuous ring and forming a typical cap on warming. Exposure of the cells to pH 4 or to 37°C could also elute the cell-bound IgG passively adsorbed to the human lymphoid cells in a culture, but did not affect the intrinsic S.Ig on the lymphoid cells in a culture or on the lymphoma cells. These results indicate that the exposure of the cells to acid pH or to 37°C may enable us to detect unfailingly S.Ig lymphocytes by removing the cell-bound IgG and IgA present on the monocytes and/or lymphocytes. Thus, an average value of approximately 10% was obtained for the S.Ig lymphocyte in the lymphocyte preparations from 11 healthy individuals. In addition, the results provided the evidence that, even in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, there may be a population of B lymphocytes which lack the S.Ig but carry the cell-bound Ig.
Peculiar Secretory IgA System Identified in Chickens
Authors: Watanabe Hiroshi , Kobayashi Kunihiko , Isayama Yasuro 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A homologue of a free secretory component (SC) was identified in chicken intestinal secretion by criteria based on its antigenic relationship with intestinal secretory IgA (SIgA), molecular size, sugar content, and electrophoretic mobility, as well as its elution characteristic from ion-exchange chromatography. SC was obtained in a form free from IgA from the intestinal secretion by salting out and DEAE chromatography, followed by density ultracentrifuguation or Sephadex G-200 gel-filtration. However, the free SC revealed some antigenic deficiency when compared to bound SC of intestinal SIgA and showed a failure of binding to serum-type-polymeric IgA of biliary IgA in vitro.
Several kinds of chicken external secretions were examined for detection of SC and immunoglobulin classes of IgG, IgA, and IgM. In spite of the wide distribution of immunoglobulins in the external secretions, SC antigen could be detected only in intestinal secretion. Most IgA in the secretions had a molecular structure of a tetramer of serum-type IgA, lacking in SC and having 17S to 18.5S and 600,000 to 700,000 daltons. On the other hand, IgA in the intestinal secretion showed close similarity to the mammalian SIgA, associated with SC and having 11.2S and 350,000 daltons. Presence of antibody activity in the intestinal IgA to avian reovirus was confirmed by plaque reduction tests.
Production of Interferon by Immune Lymphocytes Exposed to Herpes Simplex Virus-Antibody Complexes
Authors: Fujibayashi Takashi , Hooks John J. , Notkins Abner L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Splenic leukocytes from rabbits immunized with herpes simplex virus (HSV) incorporated significant amounts of 3H-TdR and produced interferon after in vitro incubation with HSV antigens. In contrast, splenic leukocytes from nonimmune rabbits did not incorporate 3H-TdR or produce interferon when incubated with HSV antigens. Antigenantibody complexes consisting of HSV antigens and anti-HSV antibody also were capable of stimulating immune leukocytes to incorporate 3H-TdR and to produce interferon.
The Xenogeneic Effect
Authors: Farrar John J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Modified Marbrook culture vessels with two chambers separated by a 0.2-µ porosity membrane have been utilized to show that antigen-stimulated human lymphocytes produce a soluble factor(s) which restores the ability of thymectomized, irradiated, and bone marrow-protected mice to mount a primary IgM plaque-forming cell response in vitro. In the initial experiments, the human lymphocytes plus antigen (sheep erythrocytes) were cultured in the lower chambers of the Marbrook vessels and the T celldeficient mouse spleen cells plus sheep erythrocytes were cultured in the upper chambers. The response of the spleen cells was shown to be enhanced as a function of the number of human lymphocytes in the lower chambers. In subsequent experiments, the human lymphocytes were challenged with allogeneic lymphocytes or activated with a variety of T cell mitogens. Supernatants from these cultures, when placed in the lower chambers of the Marbrook vessels, were also capable of reconstituting the antibodyforming cell response of the mouse B cells. The results of the experiments are discussed in relation to a model of B cell induction which incorporates a non-antigen-specific “helper” T cell.
Studies on the Induction and Expression of T Cell-Mediated Immunity
Authors: Kedar Eli , Bonavida Benjamin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Two non-overlapping populations of alloimmune cytotoxic T cells with specificity for tumor-associated antigens (TAA) and for histocompatibility antigens (H-2) were characterized by two independent methods. The heterogeneity of cytotoxic cells was demonstrated in spleen cells derived from BALB/c (H-2d) mice sensitized to EL-4 (H-2b) tumor and from C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice sensitized to G-35 (H-2d) tumor cells. Adsorption of immune lymphocytes on monolayers prepared with cells bearing the sensitizing H-2 antigens abrogated the in vitro cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) directed against 51Cr-labeled normal target cells (spleen cells or ConA-activated spleen blasts), whereas significant cytolytic activity to the corresponding 51Cr-tumor cells was still retained. Likewise, in competitive inhibition assays, CMC to 51Cr-tumor target cells was only partially inhibited by unlabeled normal cells, whereas CMC to 51Cr-normal target cells was completely abrogated. These results suggested that alloimmune cytotoxic lymphocytes are heterogeneous and can be subdivided into two independent populations of restricted specificity.
Several experiments suggested that the effector cell population directed against TAA can no longer elicit a graft-vs-host (GVH) reaction in vivo. This was demonstrated by adoptive transfer into lethally-irradiated allogeneic recipients of cytotoxic or primed spleen cells fractionated on host target cell monolayers. Furthermore, these results demonstrated that both effector cells and memory cells possess high affinity binding receptors to corresponding H-2 antigens. The potential use of fractionated immune lymphocytes sensitized to tumor allografts in adoptive immunotherapy is discussed.
The Humoral Response of Mouse Spleen Cells to Two Types of Sheep Erythrocytes
Authors: McCarthy Margaret M. , Dutton Richard W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
There is multigene control of the response of mouse spleen cells to two types of sheep erytrocytes (H and L). Discriminator strains of mice make a much higher response to extra antigens found only on H SRBC than to the shared antigens found on both types of erythrocytes. Non-discriminator strains respond only to the shared antigens, making a response as great as the discriminator response to the extra antigens.
The cell type in which this genetic control is expressed was investigated by a number of methods for studying the role of the macrophage, T cell, and B cell in the production of anti-SRBC response.
The results provide no evidence that the gene(s) operate at the macrophage, T cell, or any other accessory cell level. The data from B cell-limiting dilution experiments are compatible with genetic expression at the B cell level.
Studies on the Mechanism of Suppression of Delayed Hypersensitivity by the Antischistosomal Compound Niridazole
Authors: Daniels Jerry C. , Warren Kenneth S. , David John R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Niridazole given in a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg to guinea pigs sensitized to ortho-chlorobenzoyl chloride-bovine γ-globulin (OCB-BGG) regularly abolished delayed cutaneous reactivity. Little effect was observed, however, when cells from these animals were tested in vitro with either direct or indirect assays for migration inhibitory factor (MIF). On the other hand, sera taken from nonsensitized guinea pigs after they had received 100 mg/kg of niridazole markedly diminished antigen-induced inhibition of migration of sensitized peritoneal exudate cells in vitro. The immunosuppressive effects of such sera could not be produced by niridazole itself, thereby suggesting an effect of niridazole metabolites. This suppressive activity was readily removed from the serum by dialysis. The active serum blocked the production of MIF by sensitized lymph node cells but did not affect the action of preformed MIF on macrophages. The effect of this serum was reversible; lymph node cells incubated for 24 hr with active serum, then washed and reincubated with antigen in normal serum, produced normal amounts of MIF. These studies suggest that metabolites of niridazole, but not the parent compound itself, suppress delayed hypersensitivity in guinea pigs and prevent MIF production by lymphocytes without affecting the macrophage response to MIF.
Functional Activities of Rosette Separated Human Peripheral Blood Leukocytes
Authors: Dean Jack H. , Silva John S. , McCoy James L. , Leonard Connie M. , Cannon Grace B. , Herberman Ronald B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Subpopulations of human peripheral blood leukocytes were isolated by rosette formation and tested for functional activity. E -rosette-forming cells (E-RFC) and EAC-RFC were separated from non-rosetting cells by sedimentation on Ficoll-Hypaque gradients. The efficiency of the method and the purity of the resulting subpopulations were high. E-RFC responded to PHA Con A, allogeneic leukocytes, and PPD, with higher levels of proliferative reactivity than the unseparated lymphocytes while E-RFC depleted, EAC-RFC, and null cells showed only low levels of reactivity. Reactivity to PWM and tetanus toxoid was also restricted to the E-RFC subpopulation, but was lower than that of unseparated cells. A staphylococcal antigen preparation triggered lymphoproliferative reactivity in the E-RFC, E-RFC deleted, EAC-RFC, and the null cell subpopulations. 51Cr release lymphocyte cytotoxicity against a human lymphoblast target cell line was found in the E-RFC and null cell fractions but was not observed with the EAC-RFC subpopulation.