bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogen Identification and Indoor Fungicides Screening for Root Rot Disease in Tiller onion
Authors: Liu Yan ni , Han Qing yan , Cui Hong bo , Liu Xiu feng , Wang Jian feng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to identify the pathogen responsible for root rot disease in tiller onion in Nongan county, Jilin Province, China, and to screen for effective control measures using fungicides. The pathogen was isolated from diseased plants using the tissue block separation method and identified through morphological and molecular biological methods as Fusarium oxysporum. Indoor toxicity testing was conducted on 19 fungicides using the growth rate method, and the most effective agents were screened out. Results showed that nine agents had the best inhibitory effect on the pathogen, with EC50 values of less than 0.1 mg/L. These agents include 99% propiconazole, 98% difenoconazole, 99% hymexazol, 98% myclobutanil, 98% prochloraz, 98% tebuconazole, 97% thiram, 70% thiophanate-methyl and 97% pyraclostrobine. Conversely, 99% sodium trisulfate and 98% copper calcium sulphate had the least inhibitory effect, with EC50 values of more than 50 mg/L. The results provided a scientific basis for identifying and controlling root rot of tiller onion in Nongan County, Jilin Province, China.
Baricitinib treatment for hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 on invasive mechanical ventilation：a propensity score-matched and retrospective analysis
Authors: Mao Yanxiong , Guo Anyi , Zhang Ying , Lai Jianxing , Yuan Dian , Zhang Hao , Diao Wenqi , Chen Weisong , Shen Huahao , Li Wen , Yan Fugui 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Baricitinib is a selective inhibitor of Janus kinase (JAK)1 and JAK2, which is associated with clinical improvement in non-severe COVID-19 patients. But in severe COVID-19 patients, the efficacy of baricitinib is still controversial.
Methods: A propensity score-matched and retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of baricitinib in severe COVID-19 patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).
Results: A total number of 46 patients treated with baricitinib were included, and 44 patients were assigned to control group by propensity score matching. The mean ages were high in both group (baricitinib group vs control group: 78.80±9.04 vs 82.57±9.27), and most were unvaccinated (65.2% vs 72.7%). Baricitinib group had a higher proportion of patients with hypertension (73.9% vs 45.5%). Control group had higher level of creatine kinase-myocardial band (247.50 vs 104.50). Patients in the baricitinib group were more likely to receive nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (41.3% vs 18.2%) and intravenous immunoglobin (15.2% vs 0). Both groups reported high all-cause 28-day mortality (73.9% vs 84.1%). The use of baricitinib didn’t reduce 28-days mortality.
Conclusion: The present study revealed baricitinib didn’t reduce 28-days mortality in severe COVID-19 patients on IMV. The effectiveness of baricitinib in treating patients with severe COVID-19 on IMV needs to be further investigated through future studies.
Hierarchical, Porous Hydrogels Demonstrating Structurally Dependent Mechanical Properties
Authors: Lloyd Elisabeth , Alhasan Rami , Dhakal Sujata , Morozova Svetlana , Tree Douglas , Hickey Robert 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

While hierarchical ordering is a distinctive feature of natural tissues and is directly responsible for their diverse and unique properties, research efforts to synthesize biomaterials have primarily focused on using molecular-based approaches without considering multiscale structure. Here, we report a bottom-up self-assembly process to produce highly porous hydrogels that resemble natural tissues both structurally and mechanically. Randomly oriented, physically crosslinked nanostructured micelles form the walls of aligned, polymer-rich pore walls that surround water-rich cavities. Extremely soft elastic modulus (< 1 kPa), highly stretchability (greater than 12-times), strain-hardening, and completely reversible deformation result from the hierarchical structure. Independent control of nano and macroscales is realized through the combination of polymer macromolecular parameters and processing conditions, directly impacting the resulting phase behavior. Here, we demonstrate precise control of the material structure and structure orientation over many orders of magnitude (e.g., nm – µm), and reveal how the multiscale structure directly impacts mechanical properties.
Development of robust and rapid self-healing polymers for the repair of microcracks in energetic composite materials
Authors: Cheng Wangjian , Liao Dongjie , Feng Chenhe , Gao Fubing , Li Minjie , Zhang Xiawei , Deng Lingyu , Xu Chuanhao , Ye Baoyun , An Chongwei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Adhesives with superior toughness and self-healing properties are critical for the practical application of energetic composite materials (ECMs). However, most self-healing polymers exhibit low creep resistance and toughness, which makes simultaneous optimization a challenge. To overcome this, we introduced asymmetric alicyclic and bent biphenyl ring structures into the hard domain units of soft polymers, which resulted in adhesives with robust mechanical properties. The synergistic effect of dynamic disulfide and hydrogen bonding in the adhesive allows for excellent self-healing efficiency. We then conducted a comprehensive investigation into the structure, thermal stability, self-healing, mechanical properties, rheology, and adhesion properties of the synthesized disulfide bond-containing self-healing polyurethanes (PUDS). Our study demonstrates that PUDS films can achieve a toughness of 20.93 MJ m− 3, and when cut in half and reassembled, they recover to more than 90% of their original toughness within 20 minutes, showcasing impressive mechanical properties and self-healing efficiency. Our experimental measurements and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the interfacial interaction with 1,3,5-trinitro-2,4,6-triaminobenzene (TATB) is stronger when the hard segment content of the adhesive is higher. Furthermore, even after accidental mechanical damage, cracked ECMs can be effectively healed within 24 hours at 60℃. Self-healing and highly resilient adhesives offer promising avenues for enhancing the safety and longevity of energy-containing composites, with potential military and civil applications.
Local earthquake tomography of the Cachar fold and thrust belt in lower Assam, Northeast India
Authors: Singh Shushant , Mohan G , Shekar B. , Singh S K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Local earthquake tomography was performed to image the subsurface structure beneath the seismically active Cachar fold and thrust belt in lower Assam, northeast India. A total of 3341 P phases and 1833 S phases corresponding to 180 local microearthquakes recorded over 11 months by a temporary, dense network of 76 stations were used to simultaneously locate the hypocenters and estimate the velocity structure in three dimensions. The entire crust till a depth of ≈ 40km is seismically active with about 70% of the microearthquakes occurring in the upper crust. The velocity tomograms were well resolved up to a depth of 10km and reveal strong lateral heterogeneity in the shallow upper crust in terms of alternating patterns of high and low velocity anomalies that correlate with the NE-SW trending en-echelon pattern of the Cachar fold belt. The velocity perturbations upto ± 10% are observed in the shallow subsurface (< 5km) beyond which they are within ± 5% and reduce to within ± 2% at a depth of 10 km. The vertical sections of P wave velocity reveal deformation of the sediments leading to shallow subsurface structural highs and lows that correlate with the surface topography. About 50% of the observed seismicity occurs within the sediments at shallow depths(≤ 5km) revealing faulting due to the compressional tectonics in northeast India. The present study provides seismological evidence of deformation of the shallow sediments accompanied by faulting leading to the observed seismicity consistent with thin skinned tectonics for the evolution of the Cachar fold belt.
Poziotinib Treatment in Patients With HER2-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer Who Have Received Prior anti-HER2 Regimens
Authors: Nasrazadani Azadeh , Marti Juan Luis Gomez , Lathrop Kate , Restrepo Alvaro , Leu Szu-Yun , Bhat Gajanan , Brufsky Adam 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Poziotinib is an irreversible pan-inhibitor of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) that has shown acceptable tolerability and antitumor activity in phase I and II trials in patients with advanced solid tumors. In the present open-label, multicenter phase II study, we demonstrate safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy data from two different dosing schedules in patients with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer.
Patients and Methods
Patients who had received at least two prior HER2-directed therapy lines for advanced disease, received 24mg poziotinib on an intermittent dosing schedule (cohort 1) or 16mg poziotinib once daily on a continuous dosing schedule (cohort 2). The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints were progression free survival (PFS), disease control rate (DCR), and time to progression (TTP). Secondary endpoints additionally included safety and pharmacokinetics.
Results
A total of 67 patients were enrolled. The ORR was 30% in both groups (p = 0.98). DCR was 60% vs 78% (p = 0.15) and median PFS and TTP were 4.1 vs 4.9 months (both p = 0.30) for cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. The most common treatment related adverse events (AEs) of any grade included diarrhea (88% vs 85%, p = 0.76), rash (88% vs 88%, p = 0.96), and stomatitis (64% vs 56%, p = 0.52), with grade 3–4 diarrhea occurring in 33% vs 32% of patients (p = 0.93) and grade 3–4 rash in 27% vs 35% of patients (p = 0.48) in cohort 1 vs cohort 2, respectively.
Conclusion
Poziotinib demonstrated encouraging evidence of clinical activity in patients with pre-treated HER2-positive advanced breast cancer and merits further evaluation in additional studies.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02659514
An Automated Rat Grimace Scale for the Assessment of Pain
Authors: Arnold Brendan , Ramakrishnan Rahul , Wright Amirah , Wilson Kelsey , VandeVord Pamela J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Pain is a complex neuro-psychosocial experience that is internal and private, making it difficult to assess in both humans and animals. In pain research, animal models are prominently used, with rats among the most commonly studied. The rat grimace scale (RGS) measures four facial action units to quantify the pain behaviors of rats. However, manual recording of RGS scores is a time-consuming process that requires training. While computer vision models have been developed and utilized for various grimace scales, there are currently no models for RGS. To address this gap, this study worked to develop an automated RGS system which can detect facial action units in rat images and predict RGS scores. The automated system achieved an action unit detection precision and recall of 97%. Furthermore, the action unit RGS classifiers achieved a weighted accuracy of 81-93%. The system’s performance was evaluated using a blast traumatic brain injury study, where it was compared to trained human graders. The results showed an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.82 for the total RGS score, indicating that the system was comparable to human graders. The automated tool could enhance pain research by providing a standardized and efficient method for the assessment of RGS.
Anticyclonic suppression of the North Pacific transient eddy activity in midwinter
Authors: Nakamura Hisashi , Kaspi Yohai , Okajima Satoru 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Dynamical understandings of midlatitude transient eddy activity, especially its midwinter minimum over the North Pacific, are still limited, partly because Eulerian eddy statistics are incapable of separating cyclonic and anticyclonic contributions. Here we evaluate the two contributions separately based on local curvature of instantaneous flow fields to compare their seasonality between the North Pacific and North Atlantic storm-tracks. The anticyclonic contribution is found crucial for the midwinter minimum of the North Pacific transient eddy activity. Eddy energetics reveals that the net efficiency of the anticyclonic contribution in replenishing total transient eddy energy over the North Pacific exhibits a pronounced midwinter minimum, while that of the cyclonic counterpart maximizes around midwinter in harmony with precipitation. The anticyclonic contribution is also pivotal to interannual and decadal-scale variability of wintertime transient eddy activity that is anti-correlated with the westerly jet speed, especially over the North Pacific. This study suggests that more attention should be paid to anticyclones in studying midlatitude storm-track dynamics.
Removal of Asymptomatic Kidney Stones and Incidence of Relapse: A Systematic Review
Authors: BRÍZIDA LUIZA V. O. , PORTO BRENO C. , BELKOVSKY MIKHAEL BELKOVSKY , M.D CARLO C. PASSEROTTI , M.D EVERSON L. A. ARTIFON , M.D JOSE P. OTOCH , M.D JOSE A. S. CRUZ 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Ureterolithiasis is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, among the surgical treatments, ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy may be chosen depending on the size of the stone. The aim of this study is to define whether endoscopic treatment for asymptomatic kidney stones reduces the cumulative relapse in patients undergoing ureteroscopy for symptomatic kidney stones.
Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science search retrieved 1182 articles, 2 of them were selected for meta-analysis (Figure 1).
Results: This meta-analysis shows (Figure 2) that the difference in the cumulative relapse in the first 18 months is not statistically significant (OR 0.10, CI 0.01-1.45).
Conclusion: Even though there seems to be a tendency of lower relapse in surgery for asymptomatic stones, there is a lack of evidence to support simultaneous RIRS for asymptomatic renal stones in patients with ureteroscopic symptomatic stone removal.
Effects of nNOS inhibition on the Escherichia coli and butyrate-producing bacteria in IBS rats with visceral hypersensitivity
Authors: Huang Chen , Hu Yue , Sun Shaopeng , Li Heng , Zhuang Zhaomeng , Lv Bin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background:
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is described as a disorder of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, with a distinguishing feature of visceral hypersensitivity. An imbalanced gut microbiota is closely related to the occurrence of IBS. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) may be an essential regulatory factor in stress-induced IBS. However, the relationship between gut microbiota and nNOS expression is still poorly understood. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of nNOS inhibition on the changes of Escherichia coli and butyrate-producing bacteria in IBS rats with visceral hypersensitivity.
Method:
Colorectal distention (CRD) combined with restraint stress (RS) was used to generate an IBS rat model with visceral hypersensitivity. L-NAME was administered as an nNOS inhibitor. Abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) test was used to evaluate visceral sensitivity in rats. Western blotting and real-time PCR were used to determine expression levels of nNOS in the distal colon of rats. The content of nitric oxide (NO) andnitritein the distal colon of rats was determined using colorimetric methods. Gut microbiota was assessed by fluorescence qPCR. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to quantify butyrate content in the feces and distal colon of rats.
Results:
nNOS inhibiton could attenuate visceral hypersensitivity in stress-induced IBS rats. Gut microbiota was changed after treatment with nNOS inhibiton, which was characterized by a decrease in the abundance of Escherichia coli and an increase in the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria. Moreover, nNOS inhibiton decreased the contents of NO and nitrite and increased butyrate content in the distal colon of rats. From further Spearman’s correlation analysis, nNOS expression was positively correlated with Escherichia coliand negatively correlated with butyrate-producing bacteria.
Conclusion:
nNOS inhibiton reduced the production of NO and nitrite by down-regulation of expression levels of nNOS, thus regulating the imbalance of gut microbiota,as demonstrated by a decrease in the abundance of Escherichia coli, as well as an increase in the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, which contributed to attenuating the visceral hypersensitivity in IBS rats.
Thymoquinone reverses homocysteine-induced endothelial dysfunction via inhibition of ER-stress induced oxidative stress pathway
Authors: M.Sofiullah Siti Sarah , Murugan Dharmani Devi , Muid Suhaila Abd , Wu Yuan Seng , Zamakshshari Nor Hisam , Quan Fu Gan , Patrick Melonney , Choy Ker Woon 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. High levels of homocysteine (Hcy) promote endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to endothelial dysfunction. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the major active ingredient in Nigella sativa seeds volatile oil and is shown to have a cardioprotective effect. However, no study evaluated the effect of TQ against Hcy-induced endothelial dysfunction. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of TQ in reversing Hcy-induced endothelial dysfunction. Isolated aorta from male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats incubated with Hcy (500 µM) and co-treated with or without TQ (0.1 µM, 1 µM, and 10 µM), 20 µM TUDCA, 100 µM Apocynin or 1 mM Tempol in organ bath to study the vascular function. Additionally, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with Hcy (10 mM) and various concentrations of TQ (1 and 10 𝜇M), Tempol (100 𝜇M), Apocynin (100 𝜇M), TUDCA (100 𝜇M) or H2O2 (0.25 mM) to evaluate the cell viability by using a phase contrast microscope and dye exclusion assay. Involvement of ER stress pathway, ROS and NO bioavailability were accessed via immunoassay and fluorescent staining respectively. Molecular docking was performed to evaluate the binding affinity of TQ to GRP78. Our results revealed that Hcy impaired endothelium-dependant relaxation in isolated aorta and induced apoptosis in HUVECs. These effects were reversed by TQ, TUDCA, tempol and apocynin. Treatment with TQ (10𝜇M) also reduced ROS level, improved NO bioavailability as well reduced GRP78 and NOX4 protein in HUVECs. Result from the molecular docking study showed that TQ could bind well to GRP78 through hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction with the amino acid at GRP78 ATP binding pocket. Taken together, the present results suggest that TQ preserved endothelial function in rat aorta and reduced apoptosis of HUVECs induced by Hcy through the inhibition of ER stress-mediated ROS and eNOS uncoupling.
Protection of lipopolysaccharide-induced otic injury by a single dose administration of a novel dexamethasone formulation
Authors: Murillo-Cuesta Silvia , Lara Ester , Bermúdez-Muñoz Jose M. , Torres-Campos Elena , Rosa Lourdes Rodríguez-de la , Lopez-Larrubia Pilar , Erickson Signe R. , Varela-Nieto Isabel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background. The blood-labyrinth barrier (BLB) separates the inner ear from the circulation and is critical for maintaining ionic homeostasis and limiting the entry of deleterious agents. BLB integrity is disrupted by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), among other deleterious agents, which elicits a strong inflammatory response in the inner ear leading to irreversible otic damage. Prolonged administration of systemic corticosteroids is the available treatment, which shows both limited efficacy and major adverse effects. SPT-2101 is a novel in situ-forming gel formulation of dexamethasone allowing slow and sustained drug release after single intratympanic administration.
Methods. We used a rat model of LPS-induced injury to define the functional, cellular and molecular mechanisms associated to BLB dysfunction and the protection by SPT-2101. Hearing was assessed by auditory brainstem response (ABR) recording, BLB permeability by gadolinium dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and Evans blue extravasation. Gross cochlear histology and cellular alterations were studied by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence. RT-qPCR, PCR array and western blotting were used to assess transcriptional and protein changes.
Results. LPS-challenged rats showed BLB breakdown and altered permeability as shown by the progressive increase in cochlear gadolinium uptake and Evans blue incorporation. LPS administration increased the cochlear expression of the LPS toll-like receptors Tlr2 and co-receptor Cd14, pro-inflammatory cytokines and receptors such as Il1b and ll1lr, and also the oxidative stress and inflammasome mediators NRF2 and NLRP3. LPS also increased IBA1-positive macrophage infiltration in the lateral wall and spiral ganglion. A single intratympanic injection of SPT-2101 protected BLB integrity and prevented otic injury. Comparable effects were obtained by repeated administration of systemic dexamethasone, but not by a single dose. SPT-2101 administration normalized molecular inflammatory mediators and suppressed macrophage infiltration.
Conclusions. Our data indicate that single local administration of dexamethasone formulated as SPT-2101 protects BLB functional integrity during endotoxemia, providing a novel therapeutic opportunity to treat diseases related to BLB dysfunction.
Trends of anemia, spatiotemporal patterns, and their associated factors among pregnant mothers in Ethiopia using Ethiopian demographic and health surveys (2005, 2011, and 2016)
Authors: Demis Teshome 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction: -Pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries have high rates of anemia. Anemia among pregnant women is an important factor associated with an increased risk of maternal, fetal, and neonatal mortality. Anemia in pregnancy contributes to the foremost cause of indirect maternal morbidity and mortality. Even though WHO has set a global target of achieving a 50% reduction of anemia among women of reproductive age by 2025, this isn't easy to achieve with the current trend. This study aimed to assess the direction, geographical distribution, and determinants of anemia in pregnant mothers from 2005 to 2016 using the EDHS report.
Methods: -. 3350 pregnant mothers were included in the three consecutive Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (2005, 2011, and 2016). The trend of anemia among pregnant women over the three surveys was shown. Determinant factors of anemia among pregnant women were identified using logistic regression, multivariate analysis, spatial autocorrelation, hotspot analysis, interpolation, and spatial scan statistics.
Results: -The trend of anemia among pregnant women significantly decreased, from 30.9% in 2005 to 21.5% in 2011, and increased from 21.5% in 2011 to 29.6% in 2016. Being from a female-headed household, being from a household of the highest wealth quintile, being in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, being a working woman, and living in the Somalia region were significant determinants of anemia among pregnant women. The spatial patterns of anemia among pregnant women were found to be non-random during the 2016 EDHS. The hotspot areas were found in Somalia, Dire Dawa, Afar, and Harari in the 2016 survey. The spatial window for these clusters was located in the entire Somali and eastern border areas of the Dire Dawa and Oromia regions.
Conclusion: - Anemia during pregnancy increased from 2011 to 2016, with hotspot areas in Somali, Dire Dawa, Afar, and Harari. Programmatic interventions targeting the poorest households, and second and third-trimester pregnant, Somali regions are needed to decrease anemia.