bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toughening Hydrogels by Forming Robust Hydrazide‐Transition Metal Coordination Complexes
Authors: Ju Huaqiang , Zhu Qing Li , Zuo Min , Liang Songmiao , Du Miao , Zheng Qiang , Wu Zi Liang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEnergy dissipation based on dynamic fracture of metal ligands is an effective way to toughen hydrogels for specific applications in biomedical and engineering fields. Exploration of new kinds of metal‐ligand coordinates with robust bonding strength is crucial for the facile synthesis of tough gels. Here a hydrogel toughening strategy based on the formation of robust coordination complexes between the hydrazide ligands and zinc ions is reported. The resultant hydrogels exhibit high strength and toughness at room temperature. Their mechanical properties show temperature dependence due to the dynamic nature of coordination bonds. In addition, the amine group of hydrazides in the gel matrix provides a reactive site for Schiff's base reaction, enabling surface modification without influence on overall mechanical performances of the gel. The hydrazide ligands are easy to synthesize and can coordinate very well with several transition metals. Such a metal‐ligand coordination should be suitable to develop tough soft materials with versatile applications.
Intramolecular Hiyama Coupling: Synthesis of 1,8,13‐Trisubstituted Chiral Triptycenes with Three Different Substituents by Intramolecular Substituent Transfer
Authors: Iwata Takayuki , Hanada Masato , Kumagai Satoru , Yoshinaga Tatsuro , Shiota Yoshihito , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Shindo Mitsuru 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHerein, we describe Hiyama coupling via intramolecular substituent transfer from silicon on one blade of triptycenes to another to yield 1,8,13‐trisubstituted chiral triptycenes. This reaction is attributed to the proximity effect of substituents on triptycene, which plays an important role in not only the formation of the oxy‐palladacycle but also the activation of the silyl group to facilitate σ‐bond metathesis. After bromination and nucleophilic ring opening, the second intramolecular Hiyama coupling provided various 1,8,13‐trisubstituted chiral triptycenes. The optical resolution of 1,8,13‐triptycene afforded an optically active form for the first time.
Multiscale aggregation and illumination‐aware attention network for infrared and visible image fusion
Authors: Song Wenhao , Zhai Wenzhe , Gao Mingliang , Li Qilei , Chehri Abdellah , Jeon Gwanggil 
Published: April 2023

AbstractImage fusion plays a significant role in computer vision since numerous applications benefit from the fusion results. The existing image fusion methods are incapable of perceiving the most discriminative regions under varying illumination circumstances and thus fail to emphasize the salient targets and ignore the abundant texture details of the infrared and visible images. To address this problem, a multiscale aggregation and illumination‐aware attention network (MAIANet) is proposed for infrared and visible image fusion. Specifically, the MAIANet consists of four modules, namely multiscale feature extraction module, lightweight channel attention module, image reconstruction module, and illumination‐aware module. The multiscale feature extraction module attempts to extract multiscale features in the images. The role of the lightweight channel attention module is to assign different weights to each channel so as to focus on the essential regions in the infrared and visible images. An illumination‐aware module is employed to assess the probability distribution regarding the illumination factor. Meanwhile, an illumination perception loss is formulated by the illumination probabilities to enable the proposed MAIANet to better adjust to the changes in illumination. Experimental results on three datasets, that is, MSRS, TNO, and RoadSence, verify the effectiveness of the MAIANet in both qualitative and quantitative evaluations.
New Histone Lysine Acylation Biomarkers and Their Roles in Epigenetic Regulation
Authors: Fu Qianyun , Cat Amber , Zheng Y. George 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProtein posttranslational modification (PTM) is a biochemical mechanism benefitting cellular adaptation to dynamic intracellular and environmental conditions. Recently, several acylation marks have been identified as new protein PTMs occurring on specific lysine residues in mammalian cells: isobutyrylation, methacrylation, benzoylation, isonicotinylation, and lactylation. These acylation marks were initially discovered to occur on nucleosomal histones, but they potentially occur as prevalent biomarkers on non‐histone proteins as well. The existence of these PTMs is a downstream consequence of metabolism and demonstrates the intimate crosstalk between active cellular metabolites and regulation of protein function. Emerging evidence indicates that these acylation marks on histones affect DNA transcription and are functionally distinct from the well‐studied lysine acetylation. Herein, we discuss enzymatic regulation and metabolic etiology of these acylations, 'reader' proteins that recognize different acylations, and their possible physiological and pathological functions. Several of these modifications correlate with other well‐studied acylations and fine‐tune the regulation of gene expression. Overall, findings of these acylation marks reveal new molecular links between metabolism and epigenetics and open up many questions for future investigation. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Fe−Ni Diatomic Sites Coupled with Pt Clusters to Boost Methanol Electrooxidation via Free Radical Relaying
Authors: Wang Tianqi , Zhao Shenghao , Ji Zhijiao , Hao Lu , Umer Sundus , Liu Jia , Hu Wenping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPt‐based catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) are still confronted with the challenge of over‐oxidation of Pt and poisoning effect of intermediates; therefore, a spatial relay strategy was adopted to overcome these issues. Herein, Pt clusters were creatively fixed on the N‐doped carbon matrix with rich Fe−Ni diatoms, which can provide independent reaction sites for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and enhance the catalytic activity due to the electronic regulation effect between Pt cluster and atomic‐level metal sites. The optimized Pt/FeNi−NC catalyst shows MOR electrocatalytic activity of 2.816 A mgPt−1, 2.6 times that of Pt/C (1.115 A mgPt−1). Experiments combined with DFT study reveal that Fe−Ni diatoms and Pt clusters take charge of hydroxyl radical (⋅OH) generation and methanol activation, respectively. The free radical relaying of ⋅OH could prevent the over‐oxidation of Pt. Meanwhile, ⋅OH from Fe−Ni sites accelerates the elimination of intermediates, thus improving the durability of catalysts.
A new generalized stochastic Petri net modeling for energy‐harvesting‐wireless sensor network assessment
Authors: Nourredine Oukas , Menouar Boulif , Campo Eric , van den Bossche Adrien 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThis paper proposes an energy‐harvesting‐aware model that aims to assess the performances of wireless sensor networks. Our model uses generalized stochastic Petri nets to define a sensor–neighbors relationship abstraction. The novelty of the proposed formulation is taking into account several real‐life considerations such as battery‐over breakdowns, unavailability of neighbors, retrial attempts, and sleeping mechanism in a single model. We use TimeNet tool to simulate the network behavior in order to evaluate its performance throughout different formulas after it had reached its steady state. Finally, we present a case study featuring the different solar energy recovery capabilities of the vast Algerian territory. The aim is to show with the presented model how to determine the kind of resources to be acquired in order to cope with the sensor deployment project requirements. The proposed model allows us to ensure that the battery energy level of sensors deployed in Algiers province for example is almost equal to 80% for 100 messages per day and (1 min/2 min) for (awakening time/sleeping time) ratio.
Urbanicity and cognitive functioning in later life
Authors: Lawrence Elizabeth , John Samantha E. , Bhatta Tirth 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionPrior research has shown disparities in cognitive functioning across the rural–urban continuum. We examine individual‐ and contextual‐level factors to understand how and why urbanicity shapes cognitive functioning across older adulthood.MethodsUsing a nationally representative sample from 1996 to 2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and growth curve models, we assess urban–suburban–exurban differences in older adult cognitive functioning.ResultsResults demonstrate that older adult men and women living in exurban areas, and older adult men in suburban areas, have lower cognitive functioning scores compared to their urban peers. Educational attainment and marital status contribute to but do not fully explain these differences. There were no differences in the trajectory over age, suggesting that urbanicity disparities in cognition occur earlier in life, with average differences remaining the same across older adulthood.DiscussionDifferences in cognitive functioning across urbanicity are likely due to factors accumulating prior to older adulthood.
Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking study of chromen‐linked hydrazine carbothioamides as potent α‐glucosidase inhibitors
Authors: Basri Rabia , Ullah Saeed , Halim Sobia Ahsan , Alharthy Rima D. , Rauf Umair , Khan Ajmal , Hussain Javid , Al‐Ghafri Ahmed , Al‐Harrasi Ahmed , Shafiq Zahid 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInhibiting α‐glucosidase is a reliable method for reducing blood sugar levels in diabetic individuals. Several novel chromen‐linked hydrazine carbothioamide (3a–r) were designed and synthesized by condensation of chromone‐3‐carbaldehyde with a variety of substituted thiosemicarbazides. The structures of these new analogues were elucidated through various advanced spectroscopic techniques (1H NMR, 13C NMR, and ESI‐MS). The resulted compounds were screened for α‐glucosidase inhibitory potential and all the compounds (3a–r) exhibited potent inhibition of α‐glucosidase with IC50 values ranging 0.29–53.70 µM. Among them compounds 3c, 3f, 3h, and 3r displayed the highest α‐glucosidase inhibitor capability with IC50 values of 1.50, 1.28, 1.08, and 0.29 µM, respectively. Structure–activity relationship showed that different substituted groups are responsible for the variation in the α‐glucosidase inhibition. The kinetics studies of the most active inhibitor (3r) were performed, to investigate the mode of inhibition and dissociation constants (Ki), that indicated a competitive inhibitor with Ki value of 1.47 ± 0.31 µM. Furthermore, molecular docking studies was performed to reveal the possible interactions, such as H‐bonding, or π–π stacking, with the key residues of α‐glucosidase. Docking analysis revealed the importance of hydrazine carbothioamide moiety of compounds in the attachment of ligands with the crucial residues of α‐glucosidase. The estimated pharmacokinetic, physicochemical, and drug likeness properties of compounds 3a–r reflects that these molecules have acceptable range of these properties.
The safety and efficacy of Ringer's solution loading with rectal diclofenac for prevention of post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: The RESOLUTION‐PEP study
Authors: Hattori Aiji , Yamada Reiko , Murabayashi Toji , Sugimoto Shinya , Imai Hajime , Nojiri Keiichiro , Kuroda Naoki , Tano Shunsuke , Tanaka Hiroki , Matsusaki Shimpei , Nishikawa Kenichiro , Naota Hiroaki , Moritani Isao , Kurata Kazunari , Fukui Toshitaka , Tanaka Kyosuke , Nakagawa Hayato 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesWe evaluated the safety and efficacy of aggressive hydration with rectal non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP).MethodsThis prospective, single‐arm, multicenter trial was conducted at 12 institutions between October 2020 and August 2021. We enrolled 231 patients who had intact papillae and were scheduled to undergo ERCP. All patients were administered rectal diclofenac before ERCP. They received aggressive hydration with intravenous lactated Ringer's solution in an initial bolus of 5 ml/kg at the start of ERCP, followed by 3 ml/kg/h for 8 h after the procedure. The primary outcome was the occurrence of PEP. Secondary outcomes included PEP severity, hyperamylasemia, and adverse events.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 68.8 ± 13.7 years, and 81 patients (35.1%) were 75 years or older. Thirteen patients developed PEP (5.6%, 95% confidence interval 3.0%–9.4%). There were 11 cases (4.8%) of mild pancreatitis and two cases (0.9%) of severe pancreatitis. Forty‐five patients (19.5%) developed hyperamylasemia and one patient developed non‐severe peripheral edema.ConclusionsAggressive hydration combined with rectal diclofenac may be a promising strategy for the prevention of PEP. Furthermore, it is safe even for older individuals.
Maternal prenatal depression is associated with dysregulation over the first five years of life moderated by child polygenic risk for comorbid psychiatric problems
Authors: Babineau Vanessa , Jolicoeur‐Martineau Alexia , Szekely Eszter , Green Cathryn Gordon , Sassi Roberto , Gaudreau Hélène , Levitan Robert D. , Lydon John , Steiner Meir , O'Donnell Kieran J. , Kennedy James L. , Burack Jacob A. , Wazana Ashley 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDysregulation is a combination of emotion, behavior, and attention problems associated with lifelong psychiatric comorbidity. There is evidence for the stability of dysregulation from childhood to adulthood, which would be more fully characterized by determining the likely stability from infancy to childhood. Early origins of dysregulation can further be validated and contextualized in association with environmental and biological factors, such as prenatal stress and polygenic risk scores (PRS) for overlapping child psychiatric problems. We aimed to determine trajectories of dysregulation from 3 months to 5 years (N = 582) in association with maternal prenatal depression moderated by multiple child PRS (N = 232 pairs with available PRS data) in a prenatal cohort. Mothers reported depression symptoms at 24–26 weeks’ gestation and child dysregulation at 3, 6, 18, 36, 48, and 60 months. The PRS were for major depressive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cross disorder, and childhood psychiatric problems. Covariates were biological sex, maternal education, and postnatal depression. Analyses included latent classes and regression. Two dysregulation trajectories emerged: persistentlylow dysregulation(94%), and increasinglyhigh dysregulation(6%). Stable dysregulation emerged at 18 months. High dysregulation was associated with maternal prenatal depression, moderated by PRS for child comorbid psychiatric problems. Males were at greater risk of high dysregulation.
Diet of a threatened rattlesnake (eastern massasauga) revealed by DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Swinehart Alyssa , Partridge Charlyn , Russell Amy , Thacker Arin , Kovach Jennifer , Moore Jennifer 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCharacterizing the diet of imperiled species using minimally invasive methods is crucial to understanding their ecology and conservation requirements. Here, we apply a DNA metabarcoding approach to study the diet of the eastern massasauga rattlesnake (Sistrurus catenatus), a Federally Threatened snake found throughout the Great Lakes region. Eighty‐three fecal samples collected across 10 different massasauga populations located in Michigan, USA, were sequenced, with 70 samples containing prey DNA. We used universal metazoan primers and developed a host‐specific oligonucleotide blocker to characterize their diet. We identified at least 12 different prey species, with eastern massasaugas exhibiting opportunistic feeding and a strong preference towards small mammals. Meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) were the most common prey item (70% of diet) followed by the northern short‐tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda) and masked shrew (Sorex cinereus; 15.7% of diet each), along with occasional bird and snake prey. Adult individuals exhibited a more generalized diet, consuming a larger number of prey taxa on average. Younger snakes consumed a smaller variety of prey items and tended to consume smaller‐sized mammals such as masked shrews (Sorex cinereus) and northern short‐tailed shrews (Blarina brevicauda). We conclude that small mammals are a crucial part of eastern massasauga rattlesnake diet and recommend this be taken into consideration when conservation strategies are developed. The methods developed in this study can be applied to other reptile species, providing an accurate, minimally invasive, and thorough diet assessment for at‐risk reptile species.
Estimating phenology and phenological shifts with hierarchical modeling
Authors: Wilson Samantha M. , Anderson Joseph H. , Ward Eric J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractClimate‐driven changes to phenology are some of the most prevalent climate change impacts, yet there is no commonly accepted approach to modeling phenological shifts. Here, we present a hierarchical modeling framework for estimating intra‐annual patterns in phenology (e.g., peak phenological expression) and analyzing interannual rates of change in peak phenology. Our approach allows for the estimation of multiple sources of uncertainty, including observation error (e.g., imperfect observations of intra‐annual patterns in phenology like peak flowering date) and variation in phenological processes (e.g., uncertainty in the rate of change in annual peak phenological expression). Covariates may be included as predictors of annual peaks or interannual variability in phenological responses. We demonstrate the use of our hierarchical modeling framework in two migratory species—juvenile chum salmon and Swainson's thrush. We acknowledge that the complexity of hierarchical models can be difficult to implement from scratch and present an R package that can be used to model peak dates and range (number of days between 25th‐ and 75th‐quartile dates), as well as a rate of change in peak phenology. Increasing precision, calculating uncertainty, and allowing for imperfect data sets when estimating phenological shifts should help ecologists understand how organisms respond to climate change.
Catalyst deactivation of cation‐exchange resin in cross‐aldol condensation of acetaldehyde to methyl pentenone
Authors: Kamal Sumit 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe aldol condensation of acetaldehyde with methyl ethyl ketone was studied for the production of methyl pentenone in the presence of cationic resin, Amberlyst‐15. Methyl pentenone (MPO) is an important intermediate used for the synthesis of Iso‐E‐Super, which is a precursor in sandalwood fragrances. Amberlyst‐15 used as an alternative heterogeneous catalyst for conventional corrosive sulphuric acid was found to get deactivated with prolonged use. In this work, major possible causes of catalyst deactivation, such as desulphonation, coking, grafting, metal deposition and thermal degradation, are investigated. Characterization of fresh and used catalysts is performed for surface area, mass deposited and elemental composition (CHNS and ICP). The results confirm that multiple causes, i.e., desulphonation, metals exchange and oligomers deposition, are responsible for the catalyst deactivation. The presence of metal promotes desulphonation; the desulphonation along with metal exchange appears to be the major contributors to catalyst deactivation; and avoiding exposure to metal impurities may enhance the catalyst life significantly. Catalyst regeneration was also explored, and the catalyst site density is reclaimed from 0.5–0.6 meq/g to 4.1–4.2 meq/g, which is closer to the fresh Amberlyst‐15 (4.5–4.6 meq/g). The study provides a way to develop the resin‐based green technology for catalytic reactions.
In vitro and in vivo antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potentials of phenolic fractions of Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) DC trunk‐bark
Authors: Nguyen Minh‐Trung , Thi Bich Huyen Bui , Maskey Shila , Tran Minh‐Dinh , Nguyen Quang‐Vinh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSyzygium zeylanicum L. (DC) (SZL) has been used in antidiabetes treatment for ages. However, the scientific evidence of active agents that have antidiabetic activity and response against biological activities is limited. In this study, the active components of SZL trunk‐bark extract (SZL extract) were identified using principal component analysis (PCA), and their antidiabetic activities were assessed. The results indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) had the highest concentration of phenolic compounds, antioxidants, and antihyperglycemic activities in the postprandial zebrafish model. The major antioxidant contributors were gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, ellagic acid, quercetin, caffeine, and apigenin, and their concentrated levels reduced α‐amylase inhibitory activity, whereas rutin and ethyl gallate influenced the α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity. This study showed the bio‐functional properties of active phenolic compounds present in the SZL extract, potentially serving as a functional food to control hyperglycemia.
Effect of storage on physicochemical attributes of ice cream enriched with microencapsulated anthocyanins from black carrot
Authors: Shamshad Aneela , Iahtisham‐Ul‐Haq  , Butt Masood Sadiq , Nayik Gulzar Ahmad , Al Obaid Sami , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Karabagias Ioannis Konstantinos , Sarwar Nazmul , Ramniwas Seema 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe present study was conducted to investigate the effect of storage on quality attributes of microencapsulated black carrot anthocyanins‐enriched ice cream. Purposely, black carrot anthocyanins were obtained using ethanolic extraction. Later on, extracts were acidified and microencapsulated with gum arabic and maltodextrin (1:1). Results showed that anthocyanin contents for T3 (9% microencapsulated anthocyanins powder‐enriched ice cream) had highest anthocyanin contents in the range of 143.21 ± 1.14 mg/100 g. However, during the storage, it was revealed that there was a slight decline in constituents concentration reasoned to oxygen exposure and interaction with other food ingredients. Similarly, for total phenolic content, the highest amount was found in T3 as 545.38 ± 4.34 mg GAE/100 g. The quality attributes of prepared ice cream treatments were also found acceptable till the end of the study (60 days). Conclusively, the addition of microencapsulated anthocyanins powder in ice cream proved to stabilize black carrot anthocyanins and contributed positively to the sensory characteristics of ice cream.