bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The normative nature of corporal punishment in Australia
Authors: Greeff Laetitia‐Ann 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCorporal punishment (CP) is the most common and socially normative form of violence perpetrated against children and is legal in the home and some other settings in Australia. CP was made a common practice through its introduction by European settlers and Christian missionaries during colonisation. Furthermore, the defence of reasonable chastisement became part of the Australian common law in 1860 and is still used in some jurisdictions. Other jurisdictions have enacted criminal laws that have entrenched the defence in legislation. This article gives a brief historical overview of the origin of CP in the English common law, the defence of reasonable chastisement and how these concepts came to be entrenched in Australian law and culture. Moreover, this contribution examines the recognition of children's rights in international law and the significant global impact this has had in elevating the status of children. Then, this article analyses the current legal framework and the permissiveness of CP in Australian states and territories. Consequently, it is argued that states and territories ought to repeal legislation that permits CP, and all jurisdictions should insert a positive statement into civil laws that CP is no longer acceptable as a disciplinary measure.
Defluorinative Multi‐Functionalization of Fluoroaryl Sulfoxides Enabled by Fluorine‐Assisted Temporary Dearomatization
Authors: Hu Mengjie , Liang Yuchen , Ru Liying , Ye Sheng , Zhang Lei , Huang Xin , Bao Ming , Kong Lichun , Peng Bo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOwing to its unique physical properties, fluorine is often used to open up new reaction channels. In this report, we establish a cooperation of [5,5]‐rearrangement and fluorine‐assisted temporary dearomatization for arene multi‐functionalization. Specifically, the [5,5]‐rearrangement of fluoroaryl sulfoxides with β,γ‐unsaturated nitriles generates an intriguing dearomatized sulfonium species which is short‐lived but exhibits unusually high electrophilicity and thus can be instantly trapped by nucleophiles and dienes at a remarkably low temperature (−95 °C) to produce four types of valuable multi‐functionalized benzenes, respectively, involving appealing processes of defluorination, desulfurization, and sulfur shift. Mechanistic studies indicate that the use of fluorine on arenes not only circumvents the generally inevitable [3,3]‐rearrangement but also impedes the undesired rearomatization process, thus provides a precious space for constructing and elaborating the temporarily dearomatized fluorinated sulfonium species.
Pd(II)‐vermittelte Assemblierung einer Reihe von löslichen Diketopyrrolopyrrol‐Chromophor‐Stapeln**
Authors: Regeni Irene , Chowdhury Rituparno , Terlinden Kai , Horiuchi Shinnosuke , Holstein Julian J. , Feldmann Sascha , Clever Guido H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEs wird eine Strategie zur Stapelung von Diketopyrrolopyrrol‐Farbstoffen (DPP) vorgestellt, die auf einem nicht‐statistischen Ansatz zur metallosupramolekularen Selbstassemblierung beruht. Dazu wird das DPP‐Grundgerüst mit stickstoffbasierten Donoren ausgestattet, die bei Zugabe von Pd(II) Kationen die Bildung verschiedener diskreter Strukturen ermöglichen, welche sich durch die Anzahl der π‐gestapelten Chromophore unterscheiden. Ein Pd3L6‐Dreiring, eine heteroleptische Pd2L2L′2‐Anordnung, bestehend aus zwei sich kreuzenden DPPs (flankiert von zwei Carbazolen), und zwei bisher unbeschriebene, sich selbst durchdringende Motive (ein Pd2L3‐Dreifach‐ und ein Pd2L4‐Vierfachstapel) wurden erhalten und systematisch untersucht. Mit zunehmender Anzahl gestapelter Chromophore kommt es zu einer Rotverschiebung der UV/Vis‐Absorption und einer Abnahme der Emissionsintensität, mit Ausnahme der Verbindung Pd2L2L′2, die eine außergewöhnlich hohe Photolumineszenz‐Quantenausbeute von 51 % aufweist. Dies ist unüblich für Verbindungen, die offenschalige Metallionen enthalten, und lässt sich durch einen intramolekularen FRET‐Prozess erklären. Das modulare Design solcher löslicher Multi‐Chromophor‐Bausteine eröffnet Möglichkeiten für die Herstellung von Nanobauteilen und ‐materialien mit Anwendungen in den Bereichen Sensorik, Photo‐Redox‐Katalyse und Optik.
Engineering Soluble Diketopyrrolopyrrole Chromophore Stacks from a Series of Pd(II)‐Based Ravels**
Authors: Regeni Irene , Chowdhury Rituparno , Terlinden Kai , Horiuchi Shinnosuke , Holstein Julian J. , Feldmann Sascha , Clever Guido H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA strategy to engineer the stacking of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) dyes based on non‐statistical metallosupramolecular self‐assembly is introduced. For this, the DPP backbone is equipped with nitrogen‐based donors that allow for different discrete assemblies to be formed upon the addition of Pd(II), distinguished by the number of π‐stacked chromophores. A Pd3L6 three‐ring, a heteroleptic Pd2L2L′2 ravel composed of two crossing DPPs (flanked by two carbazoles), and two unprecedented self‐penetrated motifs (a Pd2L3 triple and a Pd2L4 quadruple stack), were obtained and systematically investigated. With increasing counts of stacked chromophores, UV/Vis absorptions red‐shift and emission intensities decrease, except for compound Pd2L2L′2, which stands out with an exceptional photoluminescence quantum yield of 51 %. This is extraordinary for open‐shell metal containing assemblies and explainable by an intra‐assembly FRET process. The modular design and synthesis of soluble multi‐chromophore building blocks offers the potential for the preparation of nanodevices and materials with applications in sensing, photo‐redox catalysis and optics.
Synthesis of metal‐containing Schiff based cyclomatrix polyphosphazene microspheres based on polyoxometalates and application in flame retardance for epoxy resin
Authors: Peng Chaohua , Xu Hui , Chen Guorong , Luo Weiang , Zeng Birong , Yuan Conghui , Xu Yiting , Dai Lizong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA novel kind of polyoxometalate (POM) ‐containing Schiff based polyphosphazene microspheres (PSPMs) were successfully prepared through the polycondensation between POM‐containing polyaldehyde and 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane. The PSPMs attained excellent thermal stability and demonstrated good monodispersity with a diameter of about 400 nm. In this work, the fire resistance of PSPMs was investigated in the epoxy resin (EP) matrices. Notably, the PSPMs displayed good distribution in EP matrices. Therefore, the dynamic mechanical properties of EP/PSPMs composite were enhanced. After the addition of 4 wt% PSPMs, the thermogravimetric analysis showed that the char yield at 750°C of the EP/PSPMs composite increased from 12.9 wt% (EP) to 29.0 wt% in nitrogen. And the composite attained a limiting oxygen index of 27.5% and passed the UL‐94V‐1 rating. In comparison with that of pure EP, the peak value of the heat release rate and total smoke production decreased dramatically. Meanwhile, the toxic CO gas was largely reduced due to the reduction reaction of POM during the combustion process. To further illuminate the flame‐retardant mechanism, the char residues and gaseous pyrolysis products of EP/PSPMs were examined. This work may provide a new perspective for the synthesis and application of functional metal‐containing polymer microspheres.
Fuzzy‐model‐based robust control of Markov jump nonlinear systems with incomplete transition probabilities and uncertain packet dropouts
Authors: Xu Zeyuan , Shi Shaolong , Er Meng Joo , Hu Zhijian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInterval type‐2 fuzzy Markov jump systems (IT2FMJSs) have received much attention because they can well describe complex nonlinear systems with uncertainties and stochastic system mode switching. However, the transition probabilities of fuzzy MJSs (FMJSs) have been assumed to be completely known, limiting real‐world applications of existing results. Different from the previous studies, transition probabilities between system modes switching are partially unknown, and packet dropouts of data transmission are uncertain in this study. Compared with the previous studies, the main advantages of this work are as follows: (1) To analyze stochastic stability and reduce conservatism of existing approaches, a novel Lyapunov function that depends on both system mode and fuzzy basis function is constructed; (2) the existence of a mode‐dependent and fuzzy‐basis‐dependent state feedback controller is revealed; (3) stochastic stability of closed‐loop system with a desired
performance is established, and the problem of incomplete transition probabilities and uncertain packet dropouts has been completely addressed. An illustrative example of a robot arm is used to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed control strategy. By virtue of the proposed strategy, the effects of incomplete transition probabilities and uncertain packet dropouts on IT2FMJSs have been completely alleviated.
Circuits underlying social function and dysfunction
Authors: Wang Ziwen , Yueh Hannah , Chau Mirabella , Veenstra‐VanderWeele Jeremy , O'Reilly Kally C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSubstantial advances have been made toward understanding the genetic and environmental risk factors for autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder with social impairment as a core feature. In combination with optogenetic and chemogenetic tools to manipulate neural circuits in vivo, it is now possible to use model systems to test how specific neural circuits underlie social function and dysfunction. Here, we review the literature that has identified circuits associated with social interest (sociability), social reward, social memory, dominance, and aggression, and we outline a preliminary roadmap of the neural circuits driving these social behaviors. We highlight the neural circuitry underlying each behavioral domain, as well as develop an interactive map of how these circuits overlap across domains. We find that some of the circuits underlying social behavior are general and are involved in the control of multiple behavioral aspects, whereas other circuits appear to be specialized for specific aspects of social behavior. Our overlapping circuit map therefore helps to delineate the circuits involved in the various domains of social behavior and to identify gaps in knowledge.
Structure‐switching aptasensors for sensitive detection of ochratoxin A
Authors: Fan Yao‐Yao , Wen Jie , Li Jun , Yang Xiao‐Wen , Zhang Lu , Zhang Zhi‐Qi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOchratoxin A (OTA) is a toxic metabolite commonly found in various foods and feedstuffs. Accurate and sensitive detection of OTA is needed for food safety and human health. Based on a common OTA‐binding aptamer (OTABA), two structure‐switching OTABAs, namely OTABA4 and OTABA3, were designed by configuring a split G‐quadruplex and a split G‐triplex, respectively, at the two ends of OTABA to construct aptasensors for the detection of OTA. The OTABA, G‐quadruplex, and G‐triplex all can capture the thioflavin T (ThT) probe, thereby enhancing the fluorescence intensity of ThT. Bonding with OTA could change the conformations of OTABA and G‐quadruplex or G‐triplex regions, resulting in the release of the captured ThT and diminution of its fluorescence intensity. Dual conformation changes in structure‐switching OTABA synergistically amplified the fluorescence signal and improved the sensitivity of the aptasensor, especially for that with OTABA3. The detection limits of the OTABA4‐ThT and OTABA3‐ThT systems for OTA were 0.28 and 0.059 ng ml−1, with a 1.4‐fold and 6.7‐fold higher sensitivity than that of the original OTABA‐ThT system, respectively. They performed well in corn and peanut samples and met the requirements of the food safety inspections.
Consider implications of ruling that deemed gifted student eligible for testing modifications
Authors: Charmatz Marc 
Published: July 2023

A  New York federal court granted a preliminary injunction   to a gifted student with learning disabilities and attention    deficit hyperactivity disorder, holding that the National Board of Medical Examiners had to provide the student with double time for the Step 1 U.S. Medical Licensing Examination. The court rejected the NBME's argument that the student wasn’t an individual with a disability due to his academic success. (Sampson v. Nat’l Bd. of Med. Exam’rs, 22‐CV‐05120 (E.D.N.Y. 2022).
Effect of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibition on cancer events: A pooled, post hoc, competing risk analysis of alirocumab clinical trials
Authors: Mohammadi Kusha A. , Brackin Taylor , Schwartz Gregory G. , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Szarek Michael , Manvelian Garen , Pordy Robert , Fazio Sergio , Geba Gregory P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveAssess the risk of new and worsening cancer events among participants who received the lipid‐lowering therapy alirocumab, a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor.DesignPooled post hoc analysis.SettingSix phase 3 or phase 4 placebo‐controlled randomised trials with alirocumab.ParticipantsA total of 24,070 patients from the safety population with complete dosing data (alirocumab, n = 12,533; placebo, n = 11,537).InterventionAlirocumab 75 mg, alirocumab 150 mg, alirocumab 75 mg increasing to 150 mg if low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol <50 mg/dL not achieved, or placebo, all every 2 weeks. All participants received background high‐intensity or maximum‐tolerated statin therapy.Outcomes and MeasuresThe first new or worsening incident cancer events were assessed during the treatment‐emergent adverse event period. Four outcomes were evaluated: any‐neoplasm, malignant neoplasms, broad definition of hormone‐sensitive cancers, and stricter definition of hormone‐sensitive cancers. Sub‐distribution hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a competing risk framework, with death as a competing risk.ResultsConsidering both treatment arms in aggregate, 969 (4.03%), 779 (3.24%), 178 (0.74%) and 167 (0.69%) patients developed any neoplasm, malignant neoplasms, broad definition of hormone‐sensitive cancer and strict definition of hormone‐sensitive cancer events, respectively. There was no significant difference in the risk of having any neoplasm in the alirocumab versus the placebo group (sub‐distribution hazards ratio [95% CI], 0.93 [0.82–1.1]; p = 0.28). A nominally lower risk of having any neoplasms with alirocumab was observed among subjects aged ≥64 years (sub‐distribution hazards ratio 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70–0.99).ConclusionsIntensive low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering with a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor combined with statin does not appear to increase the risk of new or worsening cancer events.
Uninvited guest, Balantidium coli in urine in a patient with bladder cancer: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Farmani Farnaz , Soleimani Neda , Razeghi Mohammad , Zamani Amir , Mohammadzadeh Sahand , Soleimani Davoud 
Published: July 2023

Key Clinical MessageIn contrast to intestinal balantidiasis, which is widespread throughout the world, urinary balantidiasis is uncommon. It often affects people with underlying diseases, and acute infections may be fatal. Even though urine is not typical for this parasite, specific morphologic characteristics can aid in accurate diagnosis.AbstractBalantidium coli is a ciliated protozoan which can infect intestinal system. Urinary balantidiasis is an extremely rare infection that may cause serious issues in patients with underlying diseases. Herein, we present a case of urinary balantidiasis in a patient with bladder cancer.
Hydrofluorination of Alkynes: From (E) to (Z)
Authors: Gauthier Raphaël , Paquin Jean‐François 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe hydrofluorination of alkynes is an efficient synthetic route to monofluoroalkenes or difluoroalkanes. Both fluorinated motifs have found applications in medicinal chemistry and beyond. This review explores the recent advances in the hydrofluorination of diverse alkynes through various activation methods, from classical coinage metal catalysis to metal‐free conditions. The range of alkynes goes from the simplest unactivated alkynes to activated ones (ynones and derivatives, ynamides, alkynyl sulfides and sulfones as much as haloalkynes). Regio‐ and stereoselective methods exists, but there is still room for improvement depending on the type of alkyne.
Molecular Recognition of Aromatics in Spherical Nanocages
Authors: Martí‐Rujas Javier , Elli Stefano , Zanotti Alessandro , Famulari Antonino , Castiglione Franca 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn general, due to the lack of efficient specific molecular interactions, achieving host–guest molecular recognition inside large and neutral metal–organic cages (MOCs) is challenging. Preferential molecular recognition of aromatics using the internal binding sites of interlocked icosahedral (i. e., spherical) M12L8 MOCs within poly‐[n]‐catenane (1) is reported. The guest absorption was monitored directly in the solid‐state by consecutive single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SCSC) reactions in a gas‐solid environment, in single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SC‐XRD) experiments. The preferential guest uptake was corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations by determining the host–guest interaction energy (Ehost–guest) with a nitrobenzene (NB)≫p‐xylene (p‐xy)≫o‐dichlorobenzene (o‐DCB) trend (i. e., from 44 to 25 kcal mol−1), assessing the XRD outcomes. Combining SC‐XRD, DFT and solid‐state 13C NMR, the exceptional stability of the M12L8 cages, together with the guest exchange/release properties were rationalized by considering the presence of mechanical bonds (efficient π–π interactions) and by the pyridine's rotor‐like behaviour (with 3 kcal mol−1 rotational energy barrier). The structure–function properties of M12L8 makes 1 a potential candidate in the field of molecular sensors.
HIPLZ: Enabling performance portability for exascale systems
Authors: Zhao Jisheng , Bertoni Colleen , Young Jeffrey , Harms Kevin , Sarkar Vivek , Videau Brice 
Published: July 2023

SummaryWhile heterogeneous computing has emerged as a dominant trend in current and future High‐Performance Computing (HPC) systems, it is also widely recognized that this shift has led to increased software complexity due to a proliferation of programming systems for different heterogeneous processors. One such example is the Heterogeneous‐Compute Interface for Portability from AMD (HIP ), which is composed of a C Runtime API and C++ Kernel Language. Many HPC applications will likely use HIP on future exascale systems (e.g., Frontier and El Capitan), but HIP currently only targets AMD and NVIDIA processors. This limitation creates challenges for users who would also like to run their applications on exascale systems based on other architectures (e.g., Aurora, which is based on Intel hardware) that are currently not targeted by HIP . In this paper, we introduce the design and implementation of HIPLZ , a compiler and runtime system that uses the Intel Level Zero API to support HIP on Intel GPU architectures. We discuss the design of HIPLZ , derived from HIPCL (an implementation of HIP on top of OpenCL ), and portability issues that occur from using the Level Zero runtime as a backend. We evaluate our implementation by running several performance benchmarks and mini‐apps written in HIP on Intel architectures using HIPLZ . Our results show that this approach provides competitive performance relative to Intel's OpenCL implementations on Intel Gen9 and UHD Graphics 770 GPUs, while providing good coverage of features needed by HPC applications. Overall, this approach is a promising demonstration of enabling performance portability for exascale systems.
Evidence of effectiveness of specialist supportive clinical management for anorexia nervosa in routine clinical practice: Outcomes from a clinical case series
Authors: Purvis Francesca , Thorpe Alexandra , Turner Hannah , Lawrence Pete 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study provides a preliminary report on the effectiveness of Specialist Supportive Clinical Management (SSCM) in a clinical case series of adults with anorexia nervosa, to supplement evidence of efficacy from controlled trials.MethodBody mass index (BMI), eating disorder symptoms, mood and anxiety were measured at the start and end of treatment for 42 adults who received SSCM in a community eating disorders service.ResultsSignificant improvements were observed on all outcome measures, with larger effect sizes for symptom change than BMI. Recovery rates appear similar to those in clinical trials.DiscussionThe study offers preliminary support for the effectiveness of SSCM in routine settings and identifies several areas for further research.
How do distinct facets of tree diversity and community assembly respond to environmental variables in the subtropical Atlantic Forest?
Authors: Klipel Joice , Bergamin Rodrigo Scarton , Cianciaruso Marcus Vinicius , da Silva Ana Carolina , Jurinitz Cristiane Follmann , Jarenkow João André , Bordin Kauane Maiara , Molz Martin , Higuchi Pedro , Picolotto Rayana Caroline , Debastiani Vanderlei Júlio , Müller Sandra Cristina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study assessed the impact of altitude, precipitation, and soil conditions on species richness (SR), phylogenetic diversity (PD), and functional diversity (FD) standardized effect sizes in subtropical Brazilian Atlantic Forest tree communities. We considered specific trait information (FDs) for FD, reflecting recent adaptive evolution, contrasting with deeper phylogenetic constraints in FD. Three functional traits (leaf area‐LA, wood density‐WD, and seed mass‐SM) were examined for their response to these gradients. Generalized least squares models with environmental variables as predictors and diversity metrics as response variables were used, and a fourth‐corner correlation test explored trait‐environmental relationships. SR decreased with altitude, while PD increased, indicating niche convergence at higher altitudes. Leaf area and seed mass diversity also decreased with altitude. For LA, both FD and FDs were significant, reflecting filtering processes influenced by phylogenetic inheritance and recent trait evolution. For SM, only the specific trait structure responded to altitude. LA and SM showed significant trait‐environmental relationships, with smaller‐leaved and lighter‐seeded species dominant at higher altitudes. Soil gradients affect diversity. Fertile soils have a wider range of LA, indicating coexistence of species with different nutrient acquisition strategies. WD variation is lower for FDs. SM diversity has different relationships with soil fertility for FDs and FD, suggesting phylogeny influences trait variation. Soil pH influences WD and LA under acidic soils, with deeper phylogenetic constraints (FD). Environmental factors impact tree communities, with evidence of trait variation constraints driven by conditions and resources. Subtropical Atlantic forests' tree assemblies are mainly influenced by altitude, pH, and soil fertility, selecting fewer species and narrower trait spectra under specific conditions (e.g., higher altitudes, pH). Functional diversity patterns reflect both phylogenetic and recent evolution constraints, with varying strength across traits and conditions. These findings highlight the intricate processes shaping long‐lived species assembly across diverse environments in the Southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest.