bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of smart noise pollution map
Authors: Nasser Zahraa M. , Abedali Abdulhaq H. , Alkanaani Hayder A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe problem of noise pollution in Baghdad, the capital city of Iraq, is getting worse every day as a result of the increased volume of traffic. This presents a considerable risk, particularly on the main roads that connect densely populated neighborhoods such as the Al-Sadr City district with the central neighborhoods of the capital. In order to inform decision-makers in urban development and environmental policy about the high values of noise pollution that require remediation and regulation, noise maps are produced. However, two fundamental problems are generally faced in creating a more reliable noise map in the shortest possible time: the excessive time requirements for measuring noise and determining the method of map creation. Therefore, the role of geographic information system (GIS) software in producing noise maps is evident due to the difficulty of increasing the spatial density of measurements and integrating them with spatial information. Hence, an appropriate interpolation method is required. In this article, Moran’sIindex was calculated to assess the spatial autocorrelation of measured traffic noise points. A comparison was made between the Smart Map Plugin ordinary kriging (OK) and the inverse distance weighting (IDW) deterministic interpolation method to determine the best method for producing noise maps for the main entrance and exit roads of Al-Sadr City. The noise values were modeled using the best-performing method. Furthermore, the predictive raster data are displayed in the spatial context as a starting point and reference for identifying and understanding the levels of traffic noise in the selected study area. The locations of selected points for measuring traffic noise values were determined in an organized and homogeneous manner, where noise points for the main entrance and exit roads were opposite each other, and the distance between consecutive noise points on each road was 100 m. Traffic noise measurements were carried out at each selected point using the SVAN977 sound and vibration analyzer. At each measurement point, three noise values (LAeq, Max, Min) were obtained during the three peak times, 7–9 AM, 12–2 PM, and 4–6 PM. QGIS software was used to compare the two interpolation methods, with its strength lying in the use of plugins that facilitate spatial analysis, processing tools, and algorithms. The Smart Map Plugin provided facilities to choose the appropriate semi-variogram in the OK interpolation method. The root mean square error was used to compare the two interpolation methods in order to determine the most suitable method for producing traffic noise maps in the study area. The results indicated that the Smart Map Plugin using OK outperformed the IDW method, as spatial distribution pattern and homogeneity affect the accuracy of interpolation. Moreover, based on the analysis of the three noise attributes (LAeq, Max, Min), the performance of the Smart Map Plugin (OK) was found to be better than IDW when the Moran’sIvalue was high.
Testimonial Kinds: The Source Factor
Authors: Safi Mohammed Tayssir 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this article, I argue that the nature of testimony necessitates that we distinguish between testimonies that are based on the informant's sense perception, inference, or on a longer testimonial chain. I further argue that this distinction has epistemic significance, in that it helps us better understand how reliable certain classes of testimonies are and how reliable certain individuals are, based upon the epistemic source that their testimony is ultimately grounded in. I begin the article, in Section 1, by drawing attention to the existence of several different terms for testimony found within the Islamic philosophical tradition. In Section 2, I argue that the essential difference between these terms has to do with the epistemic source that grounds the speaker’s testimony. In Section 3, I move on to explicate how this distinction helps us better understand the reliability of testimony and how it impacts our evaluation of the reliability of different speakers in different contexts. In Section 4, I use this distinction to challenge the necessary condition of speaker competency. Finally, in Section 5, I use the distinction to undermine the belief-transmission view in the epistemology of testimony.
Skin, soap, and spaghetti: investigations of co-existing solid and liquid phases in organic materials using solid-state NMR with dynamics-based spectral editing
Authors: Topgaard Daniel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Solid-state NMR methods incorporating dynamics-based spectral editing have a remarkable versatility for resolving and separately characterizing co-existing solid and liquid phases or domains in biologically and technically relevant organic materials. While 13C spectra acquired under magic-angle spinning and 1H decoupling provide atomic resolution, the signal intensities obtained with the CP and INEPT polarization transfer techniques give qualitative information about dynamics. This mini-review covers the basics of translational and rotational motion of atoms and molecules in organic materials, theoretical aspects of the relations between C–H bond reorientation and CP and INEPT signal intensities, and applications of the methods to a broad range of heterogeneous materials comprising hydrated assemblies of surfactants, lipids, proteins, and/or carbohydrates.
Der amerikanische Inflation Reduction Act: Zwischen Klimaschutz und Protektionismus
Authors: Fuest Clemens , Potrafke Niklas 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Der Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) verstärkt den Klimaschutz in den Vereinigten Staaten, verfolgt aber auch industriepolitische und geopolitische Ziele. Er hat zu Forderungen geführt, die europäische Politik sollte ebenfalls neue Programme für Industriesubventionen im Bereich Klimaschutz auflegen. Europa ist allerdings in einer anderen Lage als die Vereinigten Staaten. Industrien, die im Bereich des Klimaschutzes tätig sind, werden bereits sehr stark subventioniert. Zugleich ist der Fokus auf den CO2-Preis als zentrales Instrument des Klimaschutzes ein Vorteil. Aber Europa hat Nachholbedarf im Bereich des Standort- und Steuerwettbewerbs insgesamt und sollte hier die Rahmenbedingungen verbessern. Daten aus einem Experten-Survey zeigen indessen, dass der IRA in Europa für deutlich wichtiger und die Gefahr von Industrieabwanderung infolge des IRA für größer gehalten wird als in anderen Ländern außerhalb der Vereinigten Staaten.
Strategy of Conserving Karawitan in Studio Seni Lombang Sarwi Tuwel Village, Tegal Regency
Authors: Setiyowati Hani , Wiyoso Joko 
Published: July 2023

Studio Seni Lombang Sarwi which is located in Tuwel Village, is unique in that it has musical lessons specifically or targeted at teenagers in the village. This activity is of course as a filler for children's free time so that it is used for useful activities compared to playing gadgets and without parental supervision, it will have a negative impact. In this thesis research, researchers used a phenomenological approach and used qualitative methods. Data collection is done through observation, interviews and documentation. In the data validity technique using the triangulation technique. The results of this research are the preservation strategy used, namely by using staging media and media. Based on the results of the research and discussion related to the strategy for preserving karawitan of studio Lombang Sarwi, the following conclusions can be drawn: the strategy used by the Lombang Sarwi in the effort to preserve musical instruments is by using staging media and through visits. Through a musical performance played by teenagers, it will attract the interest of their friends to participate in playing karawitan music, this is because those who watch the performance of their friends feel motivated to be able to do the same thing. In addition to encouragement from the teenage audience, parents who have children will also be motivated because they are motivated so that their children can also have positive activities, so they advise their children to fill their free time to learn karawitan music at the Lombang Sarwi. Then by providing the best presentation when there is a visit, it is hoped that it can make the visitors interested and the most important thing is to give the impression of an interesting experience during a visit to the Lombang Sarwi Art Studio. That way the visitors after leaving the studio will bring this impression to the wider community and share their experiences during a visit to the Studio Seni Lombang Sarwi.
Antithyroid arthritis syndrome caused by methimazole in a patient with Graves’ disease
Authors: Kawasumi Muneo , Kubota Mitsunobu , Yoshii Yoko , Tokunaga Tadahiro 
Published: July 2023

Summary
This is a report on antithyroid arthritis syndrome (AAS) which is a rare adverse effect of antithyroid agents. AAS presents with severe symptoms including myalgia, arthralgia, arthritis, fever, and skin eruption due to the use of antithyroid agents. We encountered a 55-year-old woman with severe pain in the hand and forearm and arthralgia in multiple joints, including the knee, ankle, hand, and wrist on day 23 after initiation of methimazole (MMI) for Graves’ disease. Blood tests revealed elevated inflammation markers such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, and magnetic resonance imaging of the hands confirmed inflammation findings. After withdrawing MMI on day 25, symptoms showed a tendency toward improvement. Afterwards, inflammation markers also dropped to an almost normal range. In addition to the above findings, the absence of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and most vasculitis symptoms such as nephritis, skin, or pulmonary lesions led to the diagnosis of AAS. A resolution of symptoms, except for mild arthralgia in the second to fourth fingers of the right hand, was observed 61 days after discontinuation of MMI. Although the pathogenesis is unclear, the positive drug lymphocyte stimulation test for MMI and the several weeks before the onset of AAS suggested involvement of a type IV allergic reaction. Based on a discussion of definitive treatment for Graves’ disease, radioactive iodine ablation with 131I, which was selected by the patient, was performed and improved her thyroid function. Our case demonstrates the importance of awareness regarding AAS, which is a rare and under-recognized, but life-threatening adverse effect of antithyroid agents.

Learning points

Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of developing antithyroid arthritis syndrome (AAS) in patients treated with antithyroid medications, which can lead to severe migratory polyarthritis.

Prompt cessation of the antithyroid agent is essential for the resolution of AAS.

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) negativity is needed to differentiate from antithyroid agent-induced ANCA-associated vasculitis, which shows arthritis similar to AAS.
Lo político de la naturaleza
Authors: Assalone Eduardo 
Published: July 2023

El presente artículo aborda el libro Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts de G. W. F. Hegel a partir de una «lectura transversal» del sistema, que conecta dicha obra con la Filosofía de la Naturaleza. Para ello propongo una clasificación preliminar de las referencias a la Filosofía de la Naturaleza en las Grundlinien en base a tres grupos o tipos de referencia: 1) las comparaciones entre la naturaleza y el espíritu; 2) la naturaleza como objeto relevante para la Filosofía del Derecho; y 3) el lenguaje filosófico-natural utilizado para pensar la realidad espiritual.
El artículo está dividido en tres apartados, en función de cada grupo de referencias filosófico-naturales. En cada apartado se desarrollan algunos casos de esas referencias, a modo de ejemplificación. En base a esa ejemplificación, se muestra el valor de hacer una lectura transversal del sistema de Hegel como la que se propone aquí. La conclusión principal es que el grupo más relevante para estudiar la conexión entre la Filosofía de la Naturaleza y la Filosofía del Derecho es el segundo, porque en él la naturaleza no es ni una excusa para hablar del espíritu, ni aparece en la forma de un lenguaje que apunta a una realidad más amplia, no específica de lo natural. La naturaleza como objeto de la Filosofía del Derecho pone al descubierto al mismo tiempo la naturalidad del espíritu y lo político de la naturaleza, la dimensión más natural del espíritu objetivo y la relevancia política de la naturaleza, el hecho de que los logros del espíritu en esta esfera de objetividad se deban en gran medida a lo que él haga o deje de hacer con la naturaleza, tanto en su propia interioridad como en el mundo exterior.
Model and Simulation of COVID-19 Transmission with Vaccination and Quarantine Interventions in Jember
Authors: Fahreza Faizal Rifky , Hasan Moh. , Kusbudiono Kusbudiono 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this study, we model the transmission of COVID-19 by considering vaccination and quarantine interventions. The focus of our study is to measure the effect of these two interventions on controlling the spread of COVID-19. We demonstrate the use of the Kermack-McKendrik model as an SIR model for the number of people infected with COVID-19 applied in Jember, Indonesia. The model parameters are estimated using the Levenberg-Marquardt approach and the model equations are solved using the Runge-Kutta 4th-order method. Through the simulation study, we can determine the peak of the spread of COVID-19 cases and obtain several parameters related to vaccination and quarantine interventions that significantly affected the transmission rate of COVID-19. It is found that a faster rate of vaccinations will reduce the rate of transmission of COVID-19. Moreover, COVID-19 can be fully controlled if the infected patients carry out proper quarantine procedures.Keywords: COVID-19; Kermack-McKendrik; Levenberg-Marquardt; quarantine; SIR; vaccination. AbstrakDalam penelitian ini, kami memodelkan penularan COVID-19 dengan mempertimbangkan intervensi vaksinasi dan karantina. Fokus dari penelitian kami adalah untuk mengukur pengaruh dari kedua intervensi tersebut dalam mengontrol penyebaran COVID-19. Kami mendemonstrasikan penggunaan model Kermack-McKendrik sebagai model SIR untuk kasus pasien yang terinfeksi COVID-19 di Jember, Indonesia. Parameter model diestimasi menggunakan pendekatan Levenberg-Marquardt dan menyelesaikan model menggunakan metode orde-4 Runge-Kutta. Melalui studi simulasi, kami dapat menentukan waktu puncak penyebaran kasus COVID-19 dan mendapatkan beberapa parameter terkait intervensi vaksinasi dan karantina yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap laju penularan COVID-19. Hasil simulasi menunjukan bahwa laju vaksinansi yang cepat akan mengurangi laju penyebaran COVID-19. Selain itu, COVID-19 dapat dikontrol dengan penuh jika pasien melakukan prosedur karantina yang tepat.Kata Kunci: COVID-19; Kermack-McKendrik; Levenberg-Marquardt; karantina; vaksinasi. 2020MSC: 00A71, 92B05
The Strong 3-Rainbow Index of Graphs Containing Three Cycles
Authors: Awanis Zata Yumni 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe concept of a strong k-rainbow index is a generalization of a strong rainbow connection number, which has an interesting application in security systems in a communication network. Let G be an edge-colored connected graph of order n, where adjacent edges may be colored the same. A rainbow tree in G is a tree whose edges have distinct colors. For an integer k with 2≤k≤n, the strong k-rainbow index srx_k (G) of G is the minimum number of colors needed to color all edges of G so that every k vertices of G are connected by a rainbow tree of minimum size. We focus on k=3. It is clear that srx_3 (G)≤‖G‖, where the upper bound is sharp since the srx_3 of a tree equals its size. Hence, we are interested in studying how the srx_3 of a tree changes if we add some edges connecting two nonadjacent vertices in the tree. This paper is focused on graphs containing three cycles. We first determine a sharp upper bound of the srx_3 of graphs containing exactly three edge-disjoint cycles. We also determine the exact values of srx_3 of theta graph θ(a_1,a_2,a_3) for certain values of a_1, a_2, and a_3.Keywords: cycle; rainbow coloring; rainbow Steiner tree; theta graph; tree. AbstrakKonsep indeks pelangi-k kuat merupakan perumuman dari bilangan terhubung pelangi kuat yang memiliki aplikasi menarik dalam sistem keamanan jaringan komunikasi. Misalkan G adalah suatu graf terhubung berorde n yang memiliki suatu pewarnaan sisi, dimana dua sisi bertetangga boleh memiliki warna yang sama. Pohon pelangi di G adalah pohon yang setiap sisinya memiliki warna berbeda. Untuk suatu bilangan bulat k dengan 2≤k≤n, indeks pelangi-k kuat srx_k (G) graf G adalah banyak warna minimum yang dibutuhkan untuk mewarnai semua sisi di G sehingga setiap k titik di G dihubungkan oleh suatu pohon pelangi berukuran minimum. Kami fokus pada k=3. Jelas bahwa srx_3 (G)≤‖G‖, dimana batas atas ini merupakan batas ketat karena srx_3 pohon sama dengan ukurannya. Karena itu, kami tertarik untuk mempelajari bagaimana srx_3 pohon berubah jika ditambahkan beberapa sisi yang menghubungkan dua titik tidak bertetangga di pohon tersebut. Artikel ini difokuskan pada graf yang memuat tiga siklus. Pertama, kami menentukan batas atas ketat srx_3 graf yang memuat tepat tiga siklus saling lepas sisi. Kami juga menentukan nilai eksak srx_3 graf theta θ(a_1,a_2,a_3 ) untuk beberapa nilai a_1, a_2, dan a_3 tertentu.Kata Kunci: siklus; pewarnaan pelangi; pohon Steiner pelangi; graf theta; pohon. 2020MSC: 05C05, 05C15, 05C38, 05C40.
A new approach for determination of urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in cancer patients using reinforced solid/liquid phase microextraction combined with HPLC-DAD
Authors: Al-Hashimi Nabil N. , Shahin Rand O. , El-Sheikh Amjad H. , Jibreel Malak J. , Alsakhen Nada A. , Alqudah Abdelrahim M. , Oqal Muna K. , Abdelghani Jafar I. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe concentration level of urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an oxidative stress biomarker for various diseases especially cancer, has been attracted as a pathway suitable for diagnostic purposes. Determination of urinary 8-OHdG is challenging due to its low level within a complex matrix. In this study, a new approach of solid/liquid phase microextraction technique prior to high-performance liquid chromatography diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis was developed for the determination of trace levels of 8-OHdG in urine samples. The solid/liquid phase microextraction device was constructed by reinforcement of multi-walled carbon nanotubes into the pores of a short segment 2.5 cm of hollow fiber microtube with two ends heat sealed. Based on the optimized procedure, the selected analyte was extracted from an acidic sample solution (10 mL adjusted at pH = 5) into the five extraction devices. After the extraction period (30 min), the 8-OHdG was eluted from the extraction device using methanol (350 µL) under ultrasonication for 5 min. The analytical performance of the method in synthetic urine samples showed good linearity (R2 > 0.999) with the limits of detection of 0.85 ng mL−1, and extraction recovery > 92.36%. The developed microextraction technique exhibited a confident sensitivity, feasible operation, and simplicity in comparison with other published methods and was valid to determinate trace 8-OHdG in urine cancer patients' samples by using a cheap and commonly available HPLC-DAD instrument.
Dinamika Partai Nahdlatul Ulama dalam Konstelasi Politik di Kabupaten Cirebon Tahun 1952-1955
Authors: Rofi'i Ahmad Faiz 
Published: July 2023

Nahdlatul Ulama is an Islamic organization founded by traditional ulama in Surabaya in 1926. During its development, NU had implemented organizational development by establishing NU branches throughout Indonesia, one of which was Cirebon succeeding in holding the 6th Congress in 1931. NU's existence in Cirebon livened up the organization exchange in this area because in the previous years religious organizations such as SI and PUI had existed. At its inception, NU only focused on religion and education, but in its development, NU has participated in national political movements. The aim of this research is to describe the history and development of the NU branch of the Cirebon Regency. Methods conducted in this research are historical methods, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. The results of this study reveal that a number of important facts that the presence of the local kiai determines the extent to which NU can develop and even become the main actor in NU's victory in the 1955 elections in Cirebon Regency as the winning party and the only branch in West Java that won the most votes. Kata Kunci: Cirebon, Nahdlatul Ulama, Islamic party
The Historical Works of al-Thabari, Ibn al-Atsir, and al-Kala’i in Comparative Analysis
Authors: Rofiq Ahmad Choirul 
Published: July 2023

Al-Thabari, Ibn al-Atsir, and al-Kala’i were undoubtedly scholarly historians of Islamic history. This paper uses the historical method to analyze the works of al-Thabari, Ibn al-Atsir, and al-Kala’i relating to Hurub al-Riddah and the problem of applying the death penalty to apostates. It is concluded that they didn’t provide adequate historical explanations and the causal factors of Hurub al-Riddah, although the political factors primarily drove Hurub al-Riddah. The differences of their works were only in 'small' things, such as differences in the mention of the names of the perpetrators of events and differences in sentences. It is not easy to determine which work is more comprehensive. It may be more appropriate to combine many historical sources to comprehend the history of Hurub al-Riddah. The readers of their works are encouraged to analyze their descriptions critically and seek historical explanations through other references written by critical historians. The meaning of riddah at that time did not refer solely to everyone who renounced the Islam religion but also to those who rebelled against the Islamic government. Therefore, the essence of riddah wars was not in conflict with freedom of faith in Islam.