bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maximum Emission Peak Over 1500 nm of Organic Assembly for Blood–Brain Barrier‐Crossing NIR‐IIb Phototheranostics of Orthotopic Glioblastoma
Authors: Zhao Feng , Zhang Xinming , Bai Fang , Lei Shan , He Gang , Huang Peng , Lin Jing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe development of blood–brain barrier (BBB)‐crossing phototheranostic agents in second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II), especially in the range of 1500–1700 nm (NIR‐IIb), affords great opportunities for glioblastoma (GBM) management. Herein, an organic assembly (denoted as LET‐12) with the maximum absorption peak at 1400 nm and emission peak at 1512 nm with trailing over 1700 nm through the self‐assembly of organic small molecule IR‐1064 is designed and subsequently decorated with choline and acetylcholine analogs. The LET‐12 can effectively cross BBB through the brain's choline‐like receptors‐mediated transcytosis and accumulated in tumor tissues, thus achieving fluorescence/photoacoustic (FL/PA) duplex imaging of orthotopic GBM with ≈3.0 mm depth and a superior tumor‐to‐normal tissue signal ratio (20.93 ± 0.59 for FL imaging and 32.63 ± 1.16 for PA imaging, respectively). Owing to its good photothermal conversion ability, the LET‐12 also can serve as a photothermal conversion agent, achieving obvious tumor repression of orthotopic murine GBM model after once treatment. The findings indicate that the LET‐12 holds great potential for BBB‐crossing NIR‐IIb phototheranostics of orthotopic GBM. This self‐assembly strategy of organic small molecules opens a new avenue for the construction of NIR‐IIb phototheranostics.
Supramolecular Azopolymers for Dynamic Surface Microstructures Using Digital Polarization Optics
Authors: Strobelt Jonas , Van Soelen Matthew , Abourahma Heba , McGee David J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThin film supramolecular azopolymers support the all‐optical generation of dynamic surface microstructures. Using a spatial light modulator (SLM) illuminated at 488 nm, structured polarized light drives surface waves of sinusoidal profile with periods 700 nm–5 µm at speeds up to 1 µm s−1. Multiple regions on the film surface within the SLM focal plane can be independently set into motion, each with unique period, speed, amplitude, and propagation direction. The underlying mechanism is the photomechanical response of the azopolymer, which is more commonly exploited for the fabrication of static surface microstructures. Hydrogen‐bonded systems such as the supramolecular system described here are particularly advantageous due to their facile fabrication from commercially available components. In addition to applications in dynamic diffractive optics, this programmable system for optical surface waves is well‐suited for studies in nanoparticle manipulation, as well as in bioengineering as a reconfigurable surface template for directed cell growth.
Multifunctional Electronic Textiles by Direct 3D Printing of Stretchable Conductive Fibers
Authors: Wang Yuntian , Wang Zhixun , Wang Zhe , Xiong Ting , Shum Perry Ping , Wei Lei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe integration of functional fibers into wearable devices by traditional methods is commonly completed in weaving. A new post‐weaving method of integrating fiber devices into textiles is needed to address the challenge of incorporating functional fiber into ready‐made garments without tearing down the clothing and re‐weaving. A 3D printing method to simultaneously fabricate and integrate highly stretchable conductive fiber into ready‐made garments with designed patterns is presented. The fabricated sheath–core fiber consists of a styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS) shell and a Ga–In–Sn alloy liquid metal core. The SEBS shell guarantees the high stretchability (up to 600%) and flexibility, while the liquid metal core offers a high conductivity maintained at large deformation. It is shown that sophisticated patterns, which have millimeter‐level‐resolution that are difficult to be integrated into textiles by weaving, and even more laborious to be incorporated into ready‐made garments, can now be easily modified and implemented into both textiles and ready‐made garments by a time‐saving and low‐cost 3D printing method. Utilizing the electrical characteristics of the fiber in pre‐designed patterns, on‐clothing soft electronics can be printed directly. A printed on‐clothing strain sensor, bending sensor, wireless charging coil, and a touch‐sensing network are demonstrated to show the potential applications in wearable electronics.
Organic‐Additive‐Derived Cathode Electrolyte Interphase Layer Mitigating Intertwined Chemical and Mechanical Degradation for Sulfide‐Based Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Park Chanhyun , Lee Juho , Lee Sangpyo , Han Yu Jin , Kim Jinsoo , Jung Sung‐Kyun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractKeeping both the chemical and physical state of the electrode–electrolyte interface intact is one of the greatest challenges in achieving solid‐state batteries (SSBs) with longer cycle lives. Herein, the use of organic electrolyte additives in the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer to mitigate the intertwined chemical and mechanical degradation in sulfide‐based SSBs is demonstrated. Lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate (LiDFBOP) and argyrodite (Li6PS5Cl) are used as a model system, with the LiDFBOP‐derived CEI layer induced by irreversible oxidation above 4.12 V (vs Li+/Li) during the formation cycle exhibiting dual functions. This CEI layer retards the rate of chemical degradation between the cathode active particles and solid electrolytes at high charging potential and helps maintain intimate physical contact even at a low stack pressure of 0.75 MPa. The improved physical contact enables delivery of a high initial capacity, while chemical stability suppressing the sulfite or sulfate formation has a more dominant effect on the long‐term cycle stability. This study presents a new perspective and strategies for designing cathode coating materials for sulfide‐based SSBs beyond the typically used inorganic oxide materials.
Longitudinal effect of disease‐modifying therapy on left ventricular diastolic function in children with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Rai Parul , Okhomina Victoria I. , Kang Guolian , Martinez Hugo R. , Hankins Jane S. , Joshi Vijaya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCardiac abnormalities seen in sickle cell anemia (SCA) include diastolic dysfunction, which has been shown to be associated with high morbidity and early mortality. The effect of disease‐modifying therapies (DMT) on diastolic dysfunction is poorly understood. We prospectively evaluated the effects of hydroxyurea and monthly erythrocyte transfusions on diastolic function parameters over 2 years. A total of 204 subjects with HbSS or HbSβ0‐thalassemia (mean age 11 ± 3.7 years), unselected for disease severity, had diastolic function assessed with surveillance echocardiograms twice, 2 years apart. During this 2‐year observation period, 112 participants received DMTs (hydroxyurea,n = 72, monthly erythrocyte transfusions,n = 40), 34 initiated hydroxyurea, and 58 did not receive any DMT. The entire cohort showed an increase in left atrial volume index (LAVi) of 3.40 ± 10.86 mL/m2,p = .001 over 2 years. This increase in LAVi was independently associated with anemia, high baseline E/e′ or LV dilation. Individuals not exposed to DMT were younger (mean age 8.8 ± 2.9 years), but at baseline their prevalence of abnormal diastolic parameters was similar to that of the DMT‐exposed participants who were older (mean age 12 ± 3.8 years). Participants on DMTs saw no improvement in diastolic function over the study period. In fact, participants on hydroxyurea saw a possible worsening in diastolic parameters (14% increase in LAVi and ~5% decrease in septal e′) but also a ~9% decrease in fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels. Further studies are needed to evaluate if exposure to DMT for a longer duration or achieving higher HbF might be beneficial in alleviating diastolic dysfunction.
An atypically mild case of ethylmalonic encephalopathy with pathogenic ETHE1 variant
Authors: Kashima Daniel T. , Sloan‐Heggen Christina M. , Gottlieb‐Smith Rachel J. , Barone Pritchard Amanda 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEthylmalonic encephalopathy (EE) is a rare, severe, autosomal recessive condition caused by pathogenic variants in ETHE1 leading to progressive encephalopathy, hypotonia evolving to dystonia, petechiae, orthostatic acrocyanosis, diarrhea, and elevated ethylmalonic acid in urine. In this case report, we describe a patient with only mild speech and gross motor delays, subtle biochemical abnormalities, and normal brain imaging found to be homozygous for a pathogenic ETHE1 variant (c.586G>A) via whole exome sequencing. This case highlights the clinical heterogeneity of ETHE1 mutations and the utility of whole‐exome sequencing in diagnosing mild cases of EE.
Boosting Selective Oxidation of Ethylene to Ethylene Glycol Assisted by In situ Generated H2O2 from O2 Electroreduction
Authors: Guan Ming‐Hao , Dong Ling‐Yu , Wu Tao , Li Wen‐Cui , Hao Guang‐Ping , Lu An‐Hui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEthylene glycol is a useful organic compound and chemical intermediate for manufacturing various commodity chemicals of industrial importance. Nevertheless, the production of ethylene glycol in a green and safe manner is still a long‐standing challenge. Here, we established an integrated, efficient pathway for oxidizing ethylene into ethylene glycol. Mesoporous carbon catalyst produces H2O2, and titanium silicalite‐1 catalyst would subsequently oxidize ethylene into ethylene glycol with the in situ generated H2O2. This tandem route presents a remarkable activity, i.e., 86 % H2O2 conversion with 99 % ethylene glycol selectivity and 51.48 mmol gecat−1 h−1 production rate at 0.4 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode. Apart from generated H2O2 as an oxidant, there exists ⋅OOH intermediate which could omit the step of absorbing and dissociating H2O2 over titanium silicalite‐1, showing faster reaction kinetics compared to the ex situ one. This work not only provides a new idea for yielding ethylene glycol but also demonstrates the superior of in situ generated H2O2 in tandem route.
Controlled synthesis of thermosensitive tunable porous film of (pNIPAM)‐b‐(PCL) copolymer for sustain drug delivery
Authors: Amgoth Chander , Patra Sukanya , Wasnik Kirti , Maity Pradip , Paik Pradip 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere have been reports on different types of porous polymer films for various applications. The designing of such porous films with uniform properties is a challenging task. In this work, tunable porous thin films of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) and polycaprolactone (PCL), that is, (pNIPAM)‐b‐(PCL) has been fabricated and its sustained drug delivery applications have been reported. First, the (pNIPAM)‐b‐(PCL) has been synthesized through the addition polymerization of pNIPAM and PCL. Then the synthesized (pNIPAM)‐b‐(PCL) has been used to design porous thin film with varying temperatures without using any external template, below and above the lower critical solution temperatures (LCST) of pNIPAM. Pore size in (pNIPAM)‐b‐(PCL) films has been tuned by varying the temperature from ~10 to 40°C. Then the developed thermosensitive porous film has been taken and seeded with the K562 (chronic myeloid leukemia blood cancer) and HepG2 (hepatocarcinoma) cells and the skin cancer cells (B16‐F10) killing efficiency of anticancer drug (e.g., doxorubicin hydrochloride, DOX) loaded (pNIPAM)‐b‐(PCL) film has been studied. It is found that the DOX‐loaded (pNIPAM)‐b‐(PCL) can efficiently kill the skin cancer cells. The porous polymer thin film reported in this work can be a versatile platform for the loading of drugs and it can be used for the various therapeutic applications.
Optical spectroscopy of Be stars: Peak separation of Balmer emission lines
Authors: Zamanov Radoslav K. , Stoyanov Kiril A. , Stefanov Stefan Y. , Bode Michael F. , Minev Milen S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Be stars display variable optical emission lines originating in the circumstellar disc. Here we analyze high resolution spectroscopic observations of Be stars and the distance between the peaks of , , and emission lines (,, and respectively). Combining published data, spectra from the ELODIE archive (obtained in the period 1998–2003) and Rozhen spectra (obtained 2015–2023) of 93 Be stars, we find a set of relations connecting , and . They are effective for , , and . The new equations are in the form and are valid for a wider velocity range than in previous studies.
Correcting for heterogeneity and non‐comparability bias in multicenter clinical trials with a rescaled random‐effect excess hazard model
Authors: Goungounga Juste A. , Grafféo Nathalie , Charvat Hadrien , Giorgi Roch 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the presence of competing causes of event occurrence (e.g., death), the interest might not only be in the overall survival but also in the so‐called net survival, that is, the hypothetical survival that would be observed if the disease under study were the only possible cause of death. Net survival estimation is commonly based on the excess hazard approach in which the hazard rate of individuals is assumed to be the sum of a disease‐specific and expected hazard rate, supposed to be correctly approximated by the mortality rates obtained from general population life tables. However, this assumption might not be realistic if the study participants are not comparable with the general population. Also, the hierarchical structure of the data can induces a correlation between the outcomes of individuals coming from the same clusters (e.g., hospital, registry). We proposed an excess hazard model that corrects simultaneously for these two sources of bias, instead of dealing with them independently as before. We assessed the performance of this new model and compared it with three similar models, using extensive simulation study, as well as an application to breast cancer data from a multicenter clinical trial. The new model performed better than the others in terms of bias, root mean square error, and empirical coverage rate. The proposed approach might be useful to account simultaneously for the hierarchical structure of the data and the non‐comparability bias in studies such as long‐term multicenter clinical trials, when there is interest in the estimation of net survival.
Radiation Models for Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations of Photocatalytic Reactors
Authors: Barbosa Isabel S. O. , Santos Ricardo J. , Dias Madalena M. , Faria Joaquim L. , Silva Cláudia G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe literature on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations applied to photocatalytic systems is reviewed. CFD simulations referring to three models, namely, P‐1, discrete ordinates (DO), and Monte Carlo (MC) models, for simulating radiation distribution in annular photoreactors are addressed and previous works using these models are reviewed. The cases are a three‐dimensional (3D) annular photoreactor and a two‐dimensional (2D) rectangular enclosure with black walls and the results are compared with the literature. The DO model was selected to solve the radiation transfer equation (RTE) as the most reliable model to fit the radiation distribution inside the reactor. The setting‐up of mesh, angular discretization, and boundary conditions for CFD simulation of photocatalytic reactors are addressed. When correctly set, the CFD models show an excellent agreement with the literature results.
Catalytic CO2 Methanation: Providing Optimal Test Conditions for Kinetic Investigations
Authors: Failing Luisa , Strucks Peter , Kaluza Stefan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the context of using renewable energies and recycling climate‐changing gases, methanation of CO2 provides one possibility. However, volatile availability of renewable energies for hydrogen production and fluctuating CO2 streams from different sources lead to enhanced demand in investigating the influence of dynamic process operation on the catalyst performance, including detailed kinetic characterization. Reliable kinetic measurements require isothermal temperature control and absence of macrokinetic diffusion limitations. Both were investigated in this work while the determination of steady‐state kinetic parameters is part of ongoing studies. Furthermore, a detailed analysis with respect to the long‐term‐stability of the nickel‐based catalyst was performed.
Understanding and Engineering Interfacial Adhesion in Solid‐State Batteries with Metallic Anodes
Authors: Seymour Ieuan D. , Quérel Edouard , Brugge Rowena H. , Pesci Federico M. , Aguadero Ainara 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHigh performance alkali metal anode solid‐state batteries require solid/solid interfaces with fast ion transfer that are morphologically and chemically stable upon electrochemical cycling. Void formation at the alkali metal/solid‐state electrolyte interface during alkali metal stripping is responsible for constriction resistances and hotspots that can facilitate dendrite propagation and failure. Both externally applied pressures (35–400 MPa) and temperatures above the melting point of the alkali metal have been shown to improve the interfacial contact with the solid electrolyte, preventing the formation of voids. However, the extreme pressure and temperature conditions required can be difficult to meet for commercial solid‐state battery applications. In this review, we highlight the importance of interfacial adhesion or ‘wetting’ at alkali metal/solid electrolyte interfaces for achieving solid‐state batteries that can withstand high current densities without cell failure. The intrinsically poor adhesion at metal/ceramic interfaces poses fundamental limitations on many inorganics solid‐state electrolyte systems in the absence of applied pressure. Suppression of alkali metal voids can only be achieved for systems with high interfacial adhesion (i. e. ‘perfect wetting’) where the contact angle between the alkali metal and the solid‐state electrolyte surface goes to θ=0°. We identify key strategies to improve interfacial adhesion and suppress void formation including the adoption of interlayers, alloy anodes and 3D scaffolds. Computational modeling techniques have been invaluable for understanding the structure, stability and adhesion of solid‐state battery interfaces and we provide an overview of key techniques. Although focused on alkali metal solid‐state batteries, the fundamental understanding of interfacial adhesion discussed in this review has broader applications across the field of chemistry and material science from corrosion to biomaterials development.
SiCO Ceramics as Storage Materials for Alkali Metals/Ions: Insights on Structure Moieties from Solid‐State NMR and DFT Calculations
Authors: Šić Edina , Rohrer Jochen , Ricohermoso Emmanuel III , Albe Karsten , Ionescu Emmanuel , Riedel Ralf , Breitzke Hergen , Gutmann Torsten , Buntkowsky Gerd 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolymer‐derived silicon oxycarbide ceramics (SiCO) have been considered as potential anode materials for lithium‐ and sodium‐ion batteries. To understand their electrochemical storage behavior, detailed insights into structural sites present in SiCO are required. In this work, the study of local structures in SiCO ceramics containing different amounts of carbon is presented. 13C and 29Si solid‐state MAS NMR spectroscopy combined with DFT calculations, atomistic modeling, and EPR investigations, suggest significant changes in the local structures of SiCO ceramics even by small changes in the material composition. The provided findings on SiCO structures will contribute to the research field of polymer‐derived ceramics, especially to understand electrochemical storage processes of alkali metal/ions such as Na/Na+ inside such networks in the future.
A true random number generator with high bit rate and low energy efficiency
Authors: Cheng Xin , Zhang Yunfeng , Zhu Haowen , Zhou Yang 
Published: March 2023

SummaryIn this paper, a novel feedback architecture of true random number generator based on tetrahedral ring oscillator is proposed. The random raw bits are fed back to produce control voltages, which control the transmission gates in ring oscillators. Since random fluctuations of the control voltages increase the phase jitter of the oscillator, this architecture improves the bit rate and randomness of random sequence. Besides, a post‐processor is designed to enhance the randomness further. The circuit is implemented in TSMC 40‐nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process, and it takes up an area of 85 × 51 μm. Measurement results show that the random number sequences pass the statistical randomness tests, with a low power consumption of 67 μW, high speed of 45 Mbps, and low energy efficiency of 1.48 pJ/bit.
Targeting regulatory T cell metabolism in disease: Novel therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Halvorson Torin , Tuomela Karoliina , Levings Megan K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for immune homeostasis and suppression of pathological autoimmunity but can also play a detrimental role in cancer progression via inhibition of anti‐tumor immunity. Thus, there is broad applicability for therapeutic Treg targeting, either to enhance function, for example, through adoptive cell therapy (ACT), or to inhibit function with small molecules or antibody‐mediated blockade. For both of these strategies, the metabolic state of Tregs is an important consideration since cellular metabolism is intricately linked to function. Mounting evidence has shown that targeting metabolic pathways can selectively promote or inhibit Treg function. This review aims to synthesize the current understanding of Treg metabolism and discuss emerging metabolic targeting strategies in the contexts of transplantation, autoimmunity, and cancer. We discuss approaches to gene editing and cell culture to manipulate Treg metabolism during ex vivo expansion for ACT, as well as in vivo nutritional and pharmacological interventions to modulate Treg metabolism in disease states. Overall, the intricate connection between metabolism and phenotype presents a powerful opportunity to therapeutically tune Treg function.
Heteroleptic and Homoleptic Iron(III) Complexes with a Tris(N‐Heterocyclic Carbene) Borate Ligand: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Application
Authors: Sato Yuna , Okamura Masaya , Hikichi Shiro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHeteroleptic and homoleptic iron(III) complexes supported by a tris(N‐heterocyclic carbene) borate ligand have been prepared and crystallographically characterized. The strong electron‐donating character of the tris(carbene) donor was revealed by UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements combined with quantum chemical calculations. The catalytic activity of each complex was evaluated in cyclohexane oxidation reaction using meta‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid (=mCPBA) as an oxidant, and both complexes show high catalytic activity and selectivity with TON=∼350 and A/(K+L)=8–10. Mechanistic studies suggested that radical‐chain processes are involved in the reaction due to mCPBA acting as a one‐electron oxidant, concomitant with the pathway of metal‐based reactive species. Moreover, it was found that the homoleptic and heteroleptic complexes differed significantly in the involvement of metal‐based active species, with the homoleptic complex exhibiting more metal‐based reactions.