bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Thyroid Cancer in Saudi Arabia Over the Last Decade: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 9882 Patients
Authors: Alsalem Abdulaziz A. , Alessa Mohammed A , Alshaalan Yazeed J. , Alkahtani Nasser M. , Alamoudi Mohammed Y. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Thyroid cancer is the third most common cancer in Saudi Arabia, with incidence and mortality rates of 10.1% and 1.4%, respectively, among both sexes. The Saudi National Cancer Registry data implicate an increase in the incidence rate of thyroid cancer in both genders. Material understanding of the pattern can help in the development of national-level preventive, screening, and therapeutic policies. The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the increasing incidence trends and prevalence patterns of thyroid cancer among the Saudi Arabian population based on geographical distribution.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective population-based study of thyroid cancer cases registered between January 2009 and December 2018 in Saudi Arabia, analysing characteristics such as gender, age, demographics, and tumour details from the Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR) database.
Results
The RSCR data revealed 9882 cases of thyroid cancer. Males had higher rates of papillary, medullary, and oxyphilic adenocarcinomas, while females had higher rates of anaplastic tumours. Riyadh, Najran, and the Eastern region had the highest age-standardized incidence rates (6.93, 4.77, and 4.94, respectively, per 100,000 population). The most prevalent histologic types were papillary (88%) and follicular thyroid cancer (4.8%). In the model, there was a positive relationship between months and the number of thyroid cancer diagnoses between 2009 and 2018, with an estimated 5% monthly increase (95% CI 5–6%).
Conclusion
Thyroid gland tumour prevalence and incidence vary significantly. There is a significant difference in age distribution between histologic types and sexes. Thyroid cancer is four times more likely to strike women than men.
Non-Enzymatic biodegradable battery from plant-based microtubules cathode – Monte Carlo simulation and Experimental validation
Authors: Palicha Kaushik A , Loganathan Pavithra , Sudha V. , Harinipriya S. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
For the first time, electrochemical methods are utilized to study the response of tubulin monomers (extracted from plant source such as Green Peas: Arachis Hypogea) towards charge perturbations in the form of conductivity, conformational changes via self-assembly and adsorption on Au surface (cf. Figure 1). The obtained dimerization and surface adsorption energetics of the tubulins from Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) agree well with the literature value of 6.9 & 14.9 kCal/mol for lateral and longitudinal bond formation energy respectively. In addition to the effects of charge perturbations on change in structure, ionic and electronic conductivity of tubulin with increasing load are investigated and found to be 1.25 Sm− 1 and 2.89 mSm− 1 respectively. The electronic conductivity is 1.93 times higher than the literature value of 1.5 mSm− 1, demonstrating the fact that the microtubules (dimer of tubulins, MTs) from plant source can be used as a semiconductor electrode material in energy conversion and storage applications such as batteries and supercapacitors. Thus, motivated by the Monte Carlo simulation and electrochemical results the MTs extracted from plant source are used as cathode material for energy storage device such as Bio-battery and the Galvanostatic Charge/Discharge studies are carried out in coin cell − 2032 configuration. The configuration of the bio-battery cell is as follows: Al/CB//PP-1M NaCl//MTs/SS; where SS and Al are used as current collectors for cathode and anode respectively, Polypropylene (PP) membrane soaked in 1M NaCl as electrolyte and Carbon Black (CB) is the anode material. Another configuration of the cell would be replacement of CB by biopolymer such as ethyl cellulose anode (Al/EC/PP-1MNaCl/MTs/SS). (cf. Figure 2)
Colchicine-Induced Polyploidy Induction in Garlic (Allium sativiumL.) and its effect on Mortality of In-Vitro Propagated Plants
Authors: Tahakik Rushikesh , Shukre Vikas , Giram Pranoti , Jadhao Vaishnavi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Genetic variation is closely correlated with crop improvement. Garlic is mostly propagated through vegetative means, hence there is a need to induce a significant amount of heterogeneity. Ploidy is induced In-vitro by colchicine, which improves allelic variation among individuals. We examined the optimum concentrations of BAP and TDZ for shoot proliferation. The study suggests that BAP (3 mg/L) and TDZ (0.25 mg/L) exhibit considerable growth in shoot regeneration. 21 days old calli were subcultured and the 2nd-generation passage was subjected to a culture medium with BAP, TDZ and Different concentrations of Colchicine. Results show that Colchicine at 0.05 mg/L promotes explant survival. Treatment improved the genetic potential of garlic varieties in vitro but resulted in a lower duplication rate at 0.75 mg/L due to higher toxicity. LC50 colchicine concentration is at 0.03–0.05 mg/L. The study suggests that an increase in ploidy level is expected to generate higher molecular diversity in garlic.
Cancer-derived mutation in the OGA stalk domain promotes cell malignancy through dysregulating PDLIM7 and p53
Authors: Hu Chia-Wei , Wang Ao , Fan Dacheng , Worth Matthew , Chen Zhengwei , Huang Junfeng , Xie Jinshan , Macdonald John , Li Lingjun , Jiang Jiaoyang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
O-GlcNAcase (OGA) is the sole enzyme that hydrolyzes O-GlcNAcylation from thousands of proteins and is dysregulated in many diseases including cancer. However, the substrate recognition and pathogenic mechanisms of OGA remain largely unknown. Here we report the first discovery of a cancer-derived point mutation on the OGA’s non-catalytic stalk domain that aberrantly regulated a small set of OGA-protein interactions and O-GlcNAc hydrolysis in critical cellular processes. We uncovered a novel cancer-promoting mechanism in which the OGA mutant preferentially hydrolyzed the O-GlcNAcylation from modified PDLIM7 and promoted cell malignancy by down-regulating p53 tumor suppressor in different types of cells through transcription inhibition and MDM2-mediated ubiquitination. Our study revealed the OGA deglycosylated PDLIM7 as a novel regulator of p53-MDM2 pathway, offered the first set of direct evidence on OGA substrate recognition beyond its catalytic site, and illuminated new directions to interrogate OGA’s precise role without perturbing global O-GlcNAc homeostasis for biomedical applications.
Pilot scale nanofiltration membrane fabrication containing ionic co-monomers and halloysite nanotubes for textile dye filtration
Authors: Keskin Başak , Korkut Sevde , Ormancı-Acar Türkan , Turken Turker , Tas Cuneyt Erdinc , Menceloglu Yusuf Z. , Unal Serkan , Koyuncu Ismail 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Wastewater from the textile industry contains high concentrations of pollutants, so the wastewater must be treated before it is discharged. In addition, the reuse of treated wastewater should be considered from an environmental point of view, as large volumes of wastewater are produced. Since textile wastewater mainly contains dyestuffs, it must be treated effectively using environmentally friendly technologies. Membrane processes are widely used in textile wastewater treatment as they have distinct advantages over conventional wastewater treatment methods. This study reports the pilot-scale manufacturing and characterization of three different NF membranes. Three different types of membranes were fabricated. The fabricated membranes were compared through characterization by surface properties, chemical structure and morphology. Membranes were tested for pure water flux. Then the synthetic wastewater (SWW) was tested for flux and rejection. Lastly, the textile wastewater was tested. The textile wastewater flux of pure piperazine (PIP), 60% S-DADPS and 0.04% halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were 22.42, 79.58 and 40.06 L m−2 h−1. It has been proven that the 60% s-DADPS membrane provides up to four times improvement in wastewater flux and simultaneously. In addition, NF membranes produced using HNT and sDADPS on a pilot scale have brought innovation to the literature with the good results obtained.
Prevalence of Third Root in the Permanent Lower First Molar (in vivo study)
Authors: Abdulhameed Othman Husham , Saleh Hanaa Abduljabbar , Hamed Nuha Agab 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Successful endodontic treatment requires complete information about the morphology of the tooth’s root canals. Our research aims to assess the prevalence of a third root in permanent mandibular first molars among Iraqi people.

Methods:
Two hundred fifty-seven patients (161 females and 96 males) were involved. All patients required endodontic treatment of the permanent mandibular first molar. Regular teeth examinations were performed by two experienced Endodontists over a period of 18 months. Digital radiography and CBCT were used to investigate the presence of radix entomolaris (RE). The prevalence of a third root between males and females was compared. Statistical evaluation of the data obtained was conducted using a chi-square test with SPSS version 20, P ≤ 0.05 indicates a significant difference.

Results:
The total prevalence of RE was five teeth among 257 patients or 1.9%. Statistical analysis revealed a non significant difference (P > 0.05) in the prevalence of a third root between females (2/161) and males (3/96) (1.2% and 3.1% respectively).

Conclusion:
Third roots in mandibular first molars among Iraqi people are not rare; therefore endodontists should keep attention to detect such morphological variations when performing endodontic treatment.
Growth Monitoring and Promotion and Index Development for Improved Child Health: A Scoping Review Using Rodgers Concept Analysis Framework
Authors: Moyo Shamiso Alice , Mashau Ntsieni Stella , Makhado Lufuno 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this scoping literature review is to explore the breadth of the available literature, and identify knowledge gaps to inform future research through the use of Rodgers evolutionary concept analysis framework. The literature review also seeks to describe the key child indices developed and their characteristics so as to guide the development of a GMP index for improved child health in Zimbabwe.

Methods:
The keywords growth monitoring and promotion, community health workers, caregivers of children under five years, child health indices, and index development were used to search for relevant literature from Science Direct, Google Scholar, EBSCO, and PUBMED databases in English. The initial electronic database search yielded 535 research articles, and 316 were further assessed for their relevance to the study. An additional 140 articles were excluded from the search as they did not contain adequate evidence as per the Rodgers Evolutionary Framework. After the full-text review, 80 articles out of 220 articles met the inclusion criteria. Those found to be suitable were 25 articles and were thus included in the final analysis.

Results:
Key Antecedents: distance and socio-cultural constraints, CHW activeness, participation of fathers in GMP activities, poor understanding and interpretation of growth charts, poor communication between caregivers and CHWs, full vaccination status and complacency; Attributes: education status of parents, knowledge, attitude, and practices of caregivers and Consequences: timely health interventions, improved child health outcomes, a platform to promote optimal child health practices of GMP activities were identified.

Conclusion:
More research needs to be explored to form indices that incorporate behaviour change metrics. This will lead to an increased evidence base to guide the health system, funders, and policy makers conclusively.
IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL HERBAL EXTRACTS FOR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: CHALIVENDRA PALLAVI , GANJIKUNTA RAVINDRA KUMAR , RAO K. UMAMAHESWARA , PULLAKANAM RI PHANI TEJASWI 
Published: March 2023

Objective: Herbal medicine is still the mainstay of about 75-80% of the whole population, and the major part of traditional therapy involves the use of plant extract and their active constituents against infectious pathogens. Objective: The study aimed to investigate in vitro antibacterial activity of extracts from some medicinal plants against the most common microbial pathogens including MDR bacteria.
Methods: The processing of plant materials was performed with the washing, drying and grinding of collected plant materials. The plant extracts were prepared by mixing 10 g of powder to 150 ml of ethanol solvent for 5 h at room temperature and sonicated for 15 min; for prepared test samples under laboratory conditions, the air-dried samples were mixed with the respective solvent (1:15 w/v) for 72 h at room temperature with occasional and then filtered through Whattman filter paper No.1. The obtained extract was freed from the solvent by evaporation under reduced pressure and then resuspended in the appropriate solvent to make the solution of known concentration of 10-50 mg/ml. The extract was stored at 4 °C in airtight glass bottle for the antibacterial assay using the Agar-well diffusion method. Ciprofloxacin was used as a control antibiotic.
Results: The growth of K. pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, P. aeruginosa and E. coli were inhibited better with the plant extract Tinospora cardifolia leaves than ciprofloxacin antibiotic. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci was inhibited greatly with Costus igneus leaf extract. The growth of Enterococcus faecalic was inhibited significantly with Tridax procumbens leaf extract than ciprofloxacin.
Conclusion: The present study indicates Tridax procumbens, T. cordifolia and Costus igneus methanolic leaf extracts were showed strong antimicrobial activity against all the tested cultures. They were rich in primary and secondary constituents. Most of the biologically active phytochemicals were present in methanolic extract. The tested plant extracts were more efficient than standard antibiotic ciprofloxacin used in the current study.
ISOLATION OF MULTI DRUG RESISTANT BACTERIA FROM BORE WATER SAMPLES IN AND AROUND VISAKHAPATNAM
Authors: SIRISHA TIRUVAIPATI , SASAPU SWAPNA , VIJAYALAKSHMI PAYALA , KUMARI PILLI HEMA PRAKASH 
Published: March 2023

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the levels of groundwater contamination by isolating total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and bacterial pathogens.
Methods: A total of 32 water samples, comprising 5 samples from each GVMC urban area zone, Visakhapatnam were randomly collected from different areas. Evaluation of Total and fecal coliform counts was done by using multiple-tube fermentation technique and were reported as the most probable number (MPN) of organisms present per 100 ml of sample.
Results: The samples collected from the zones Yendada (zone I), Marripalem (zone IV), Chinna musidiwada (zone VI) showed the highest total and fecal coliform counts (MPN>180). Nearly 30 samples (94%) yielded bacterial isolates. Among the isolates Pseudomonas spp. showed highest susceptibility to cefepime and imipenem antibiotics. All the microorganisms isolated were multidrug resistant with a multidrug antibiotic resistant index more than 0.2.
Conclusion: These multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms are considered as a major threat to the public health and should receive more attention.
MEMORY ENHANCING ACTIVITY OF MADHUCA LONGIFOLIA ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT (FLAVONOID FRACTION) AND ITS HPTLC
Authors: KHARE PRAGATI , KHARE NOOPUR 
Published: March 2023

Objective: The present study aimed at investigating the protective role of Madhuca longifolia ethanolic leaf extract flavonoid fraction against colchicine induced cognitive dysfunction and oxidative damage in swiss albino mice and to estimate the biochemical alterations in mice brain. HPTLC, total flavonoid and total phenols were also estimated in the study.
Methods: The analysis was conducted on a colchicine-induced model for 28 d. Morris water maze and passive avoidance paradigm were used for conducting behavioral experiments, while biochemical parameters such as nitric oxide and glutathione were also estimated. Swiss albino mice (48) were apportioned into eight sets, each consisting of six mice. ANOVA (one-way) was utilized and then followed by the Dunnett’s test and finally outcomes were analyzed.
Results: The total flavonoids content in Madhuca longifolia leaves was found to be (14.17±0.56 QE and 21.24±0.94 RE mg/g of dry material) and total phenolic compounds were 299.32±2.73 mg/g of dry material. Madhuca longifolia leaf extract indicated a substantial reduction in escape latency of mice in morris water maze. The transfer latency of mice in passive avoidance model showed a substantial increase.
Conclusion: The Madhuca longifolia leaf extract presented a substantial increase (P<0.001) in GSH intensities and a major decline (P<0.001) in total protein, NO and AChE. Madhuca longifolia has neuroprotective effect against memory damage caused by colchicine.
UNITED STATES FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS JORDAN FROM THE POLITICAL AND SECURITY DIMENSIONS FROM 1990 TO 2017
Authors: Alkhawaldeh Ala , Hayajneh Ayman 
Published: March 2023

Foreign policy is an integral part of international relations. This study examines the United States (US) foreign policy towards Jordan from 1990 to 2017 since the period witnessed important regional and international political events that significantly impacted the US foreign policy. These events have the greatest impact on the development of relations between the two countries in terms of political and security aspects. The study looks at four political events and their impacts on Jordanian-American relations from the political and security aspects. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to examine the US foreign policy towards Jordan from the political and security aspects. This study adopted the qualitative approach. The primary data were collected from interviews while the secondary data were obtained from books, journals, theses, newspapers, seminar papers, articles and other documents. In this study, 16 respondents from political, economic and security experts in Jordan and the US were selected for semi-structured interviews. The study employed Thematic Analysis in analysing the data obtained. This study adopted the neo-realism theory as a theoretical framework. This study found that the US foreign policy recognizes Jordan as a close ally and considers its stability very important. The US foreign policy was seen slightly negative towards Jordan during the Iraqi War on Kuwait in 1990. However, the Wadi Araba peace treaty between Jordan and Israel in 1994 had promoted positive US foreign policy towards Jordan. This policy was slightly weakened in 2017 due to the transfer of the US Embassy to Jerusalem. Certain political events play an important role in the US foreign policy regarding security aid towards Jordan. The study found that the US foreign policy provides security support to Jordan to protect Israel, spread American ideology and fight against its enemy. This research also found that Jordan has a suitable location to defend Israel because the country is surrounded by important Arab countries. The US links its aids to Jordan due to political events. Accordingly, the study recommends the necessity for the Jordanian state to increase its influential economic alliances at the international level. In addition, Jordanian policy must be redrawn in line with international realities to pressure the US to make Jordan play an active role in the region and international arena. Jordan should better use its geographical location to achieve international cooperation and enhance Arab security as a barrier against Israel.
Cortical visual impairment at birth can be improved rapidly by vision training in adulthood: A case study
Authors: Pandey* Ashim , Neupane* Sujaya , Vaidya Keepa , Adhikary Srijana , Pack Christopher C 
Published: March 2023

Background. Cortical visual impairment (CVI) is a severe loss
of visual function caused by damage to the visual cortex or its
afferents, usually as a consequence of hypoxic insults during birth. It
is one of the leading causes of vision loss in children, and it is most
often permanent.
Objective. Several studies have demonstrated limited vision
restoration in adults who trained on well-controlled psychophysical
tasks, after acquiring CVI late in life. Other studies have shown
improvements in children who underwent vision training. However, little
is known about the prospects for the large number of patients who
acquired CVI at birth but received no formal therapy as children.
Methods. We therefore conducted a proof-of-principle study in
one CVI patient long after the onset of cortical damage (age 18), to
test the training speed, efficacy and generalizability of vision
rehabilitation using protocols that had previously proven successful in
adults. The patient trained at home and in the laboratory, on a
psychophysical task that required discrimination of complex motion
stimuli presented in the blind field. Visual function was assessed
before and after training, using perimetric measures, as well as a
battery of psychophysical tests.
Results. The patient showed remarkably rapid improvements on
the training task, with performance going from chance to 80% correct
over the span of 11 sessions. With further training, improved vision was
found for untrained stimuli and for perimetric measures of visual
sensitivity. Some, but not all, of these performance gains were retained
upon retesting after one year.
Conclusion. These results suggest that existing vision
rehabilitation programs can be highly effective in adult patients who
acquired CVI at a young age. Validation with a large sample size is
critical, and future work should also focus on improving the usability
and accessibility of these programs for younger patients.
The Causes of Job Insecurities among Employees of Textile Industry- The Case of Zaman Textile Mills Private Limited
Authors: Aziz Sana , Khan Mohammad Moiz 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The employee job insecurities problem could directly hit to the performance level of employees of textile sector. The success of an organization to achieve goals and objectives is largely determined by the performance of employees. This study is conducted to evaluate the factors that have influence on the employee’s job insecurities of the textile sector. Analytical approach is used for the conduction of this project and the data is qualitative in nature. The findings of the project disclosed that all the factors like employee’s job insecurities, monetary rewards, intrinsic motivations and performance of the employees working in textile industry. The action of prompting a reduced the employees’ job insecurities as that can increase the performance level ofthe workforce.