bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P20.04.B DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF PERIPHERAL AND CRANIAL NERVE TUMORS WITH EXPERT RECOMMENDATIONS: AN EUROPEAN NETWORK FOR RARE CANCERS (EURACAN) INITIATIVE
Authors: Pellerino A , Verdijk R , Nichelli L , Andratschke N , Idbaih A , Goldbrunner R 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The 2021 WHO classification of the CNS Tumors identifies as “Peripheral nerve sheath tumors” (PNST) some entities with specific clinical and anatomical characteristics, histological and molecular markers, imaging findings, and aggressiveness.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The Task Force has reviewed the evidence of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, which is particularly low due to the rarity, and drawn recommendations accordingly.

RESULTS
Tumor diagnosis is primarily based on hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and immunohistochemistry. Molecular analysis is not essential to establish the histological nature of these tumors, although genetic analyses on DNA extracted from PNST (neurofibromas/schwannomas) is required to diagnose mosaic forms of NF1 and SPS. MRI is the gold-standard to delineate the extension with respect to adjacent structures. Gross-total resection is the first choice, and can be curative in benign lesions; however, the extent of resection must be balanced with preservation of nerve functioning. Radiotherapy can be omitted in benign tumors after complete resection and in NF-related tumors, due to the theoretic risk of secondary malignancies in a tumor-suppressor syndrome. Systemic therapy should be considered in incomplete resected plexiform neurofibromas/MPNSTs. MEK inhibitor selumetinib can be used in NF1 children ≥2 years with inoperable/symptomatic plexiform neurofibromas, while anthracycline-based treatment is the first choice for unresectable/locally advanced/metastatic MPNST. Clinical trials on other MEK1-2 inhibitors alone or in combination with mTOR inhibitors are under investigation in plexiform neurofibromas and MPNST, respectively.

CONCLUSION
Given the heterogeneity and rarity of these tumors, there is a paucity of well-powered clinical trials, thus it is not possible to generate evidence-based treatment recommendations for non-surgical modalities. However, some clinical trials have been reported on targeted therapies in plexiform neurofibromas of NF1 patients or in heterogenous cohorts of soft-tissue tumors, including MPNSTs, with initial data of efficacy that need to be further investigated.
P21.05.B CAPTURING EVOLVING DEFINITIONS OF 12 SELECT RARE CNS TUMORS: A TIMELY REPORT FROM CBTRUS AND NCI-CONNECT
Authors: Price M , Neff C , Kruchko C , Waite K , Cioffi G , Barnholtz-Sloan J , Cordeiro B , Cimino P J , Gilbert M R , Armstrong T S , Ostrom Q 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Histopathology-specific incidence, prevalence, and survival are essential population-based cancer statistics that describe cancer burden. The National Cancer Institute’s Comprehensive Oncology Network Evaluating Rare CNS Tumors (NCI-CONNECT) aims to improve understanding of tumor biology and patient outcomes for 12 selected rare brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumor types to improve approaches to care and treatment. These types included atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, brainstem and midline gliomas, choroid plexus tumors, ependymomas, high grade meningiomas, gliomatosis cerebri, medulloblastoma, oligodendrogliomas, pineal region tumors, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas, CNS embryonal tumors, NEC/NOS and primary CNS sarcoma. The analysis aimed to estimate the incidence (new cases per year), prevalence (currently living cases), and survival rates for these selected rare brain and other CNS tumor types.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) data, which contains data from the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data, from 2008-2019 were used to calculate average annual age-adjusted incidence rates (AAAIR) per 100,000 population overall and by sex, race/ethnicity, and age. Incidence time trends were calculated for diagnosis years 2004-2019. NPCR survival data from 2001-2018 were used to calculate relative survival (RS) estimates. Estimated prevalence counts as of December 31, 2019 were estimated using incidence from CBTRUS and overall survival rates from SEER.

RESULTS
Overall AAAIR for all 12 subtypes combined was 1.51 per 100,000 population, with the highest subtype-specific incidence in ependymomas (AAAIR=0.41/100,000). Overall, most subtypes were more common in males and people who are non-Hispanic White. Incidence of all subtypes varied by age. Ependymomas were most prevalent with 19,339 cases; followed by oligodendrogliomas with 15,070 cases. Time trends in incidence varied by subtype, with significant decreases in incidence of gliomatosis cerebri, CNS embryonal tumor, and primary CNS sarcoma. RS for all subtypes combined at 1, 5, and 10 years was 86.6%, 71.9%, and 65.3%, respectively. Ependymomas had the highest RS (1-year=96.1%, 5-years=90.6%, 10-years=86.6%) and primary CNS sarcomas had the lowest RS (1-year=48.2%, 5-years=7.7%, 10-years=5.2%).

CONCLUSION
Incidence, prevalence, and survival patterns for these 12 selected rare cancer subtypes varied significantly by type. Population based data are critical to guiding effective design of and accrual expectations for clinical trials in rare cancers.
P21.07.B THE LHSC/WESTERN BRAIN TUMOUR TISSUE BANK: A GLOBAL RESOURCE
Authors: Megyesi J , Wang R , White M , Ranger A , Ramsay D , Zhang Q 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
A brain tumour tissue bank can serve as an important source of tissue for neuro-oncology research. The London Health Sciences (LHSC) / Western Brain Tumour Tissue Bank (BTTB) provides high-quality brain tumour tissue specimens that are used globally for neuro-oncology research. The LHSC / Western BTTB was established approximately 35 years ago. The objectives of this study were to: 1) establish an up-to-date accounting of the brain tumour specimens in the BTTB; 2) compare the quality control measures used to assess specimen quality against those used in other comparable tissue banks; 3) determine the scope of tissue distribution globally.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The records of the BTTB were reviewed with the assistance of the BTTB coordinator. Number and type of brain tumour specimens were recorded. The quality control measures used in the BTTB were compared with the published literature. The location of laboratories to which brain tumour tissue had been distributed was determined.

RESULTS
Since 1995 there have been 1536 adult brain tumour specimens collected in the BTTB. There are approximately 3 vials per case, not including paraffin blocks. This includes 713 primary intra-axial central nervous system tumours, 229 meningeal tumours, and 285 metastatic tumours. Since 1995 there have been 223 pediatric brain tumour specimens collected in the BTTB. This includes 53 pilocytic astrocytomas, 32 medulloblastomas, and 27 ependymomas. The quality control measures used in the BTTB appear to exceed those used by other brain tumour tissue banks as determined by literature review. The BTTB has sent tissue specimens to neuro-oncology laboratories around the globe and numerous publications have resulted from experiments using the brain tumour tissue supplied by the BTTB.

CONCLUSION
The LHSC / Western BTTB has collected a large and diverse number of high quality brain tumour specimens since its founding. It serves as a global resource, and the supplied tissue has led to many research publications in neuro-oncology.
P22.04.B THE VALUE OF A NURSE CARE COORDINATOR WORKING WITH YOUNG BRAIN TUMOR PATIENTS IN THE NEUROSURGICAL OUTPATIENT CLINIC
Authors: Bruun-Pedersen M , Guldager R , Nordentoft S M J , Skjøth-Rasmussen J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
When young people between 18-35 are diagnosed with a brain tumor, it often has significant impact on their lives. In that period the young person is often in their process of building their lives, with little to no mental preparation on perspectives towards end of life. The aim of this study is to measure the value of a Nurse Care Coordinator, working with young brain tumor patients in the Neurosurgical Outpatient Clinic.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The Nurse Care Coordinators function is to support and guide the young patients, from getting the diagnosis with a brain tumor and through their disease and treatment. The Nurse Care Coordinator meets the young patient and relatives several times from before surgery, and for as long as needed, depending on the patients’ individual situation. The relation and interactions with the young patients are very individually approached. However, the fundamental approach to all young patients includes regular weekly phone calls, which eventually become monthly conversations or personal meetings in the Outpatient Clinic, all depending on the topic and young patient’s preferences. Areas where the Nurse Care Coordinator can assist the young patients includes general overviews of their disease and treatment course, assist where barriers may arise and ensuring correct rehabilitation for the young patients, offering an elaborating conversation on the diagnosis, or discuss solutions with external parties on behalf of the patient. To measure the value of the Nurse Care Coordinator, young patients (n=20) were provided with a questionnaire with four Likert scale items. In addition, they received a phone call from a Research Nurse, asking the open-ended question; “What is your opinion of the function of a Nurse Care Coordinator, and what are the areas where the Nurse Care Coordinator could carry out her role better or differently?”

RESULTS
Both the quantitative results from the questionnaire and the open-ended qualitative responses from the young patients, showed that the function of the Nurse Care Coordinator provided both value and meaning to the young patients. Responses included references to the perception of safety (as opposed to anxiety), a sense of familiarity and comfort (during chaotic and unfamiliar processes), and a constructive approach to patient enquiry (providing help and effective assistance).

CONCLUSION
The role of a Nurse Care Coordinator has increased focus on the young patients with a brain tumor in the Neurosurgical Clinic. It has also contributed to a higher degree of multidisciplinary workflows around the young patients and great satisfaction for the young patients.
Effectiveness of a Messenger RNA Vaccine Booster Dose Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 Among US Healthcare Personnel, October 2021–July 2022
Authors: Plumb Ian D , Mohr Nicholas M , Hagen Melissa , Wiegand Ryan , Dumyati Ghinwa , Harland Karisa K , Krishnadasan Anusha , Gist Jade James , Abedi Glen , Fleming-Dutra Katherine E , Chea Nora , Lee Jane , Barter Devra , Brackney Monica , Fridkin Scott K , Wilson Lucy E , Lovett Sara A , Ocampo Valerie , Phipps Erin C , Marcus Tiffanie M , Smithline Howard A , Hou Peter C , Lee Lilly C , Moran Gregory J , Krebs Elizabeth , Steele Mark T , Lim Stephen C , Schrading Walter A , Chinnock Brian , Beiser David G , Faine Brett , Haran John P , Nandi Utsav , Chipman Anne K , LoVecchio Frank , Talan David A , Pilishvili Tamara 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Protection against symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) can limit transmission and the risk of post-COVID conditions, and is particularly important among healthcare personnel. However, lower vaccine effectiveness (VE) has been reported since predominance of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant.

Methods
We evaluated the VE of a monovalent messenger RNA (mRNA) booster dose against COVID-19 from October 2021 to June 2022 among US healthcare personnel. After matching case-participants with COVID-19 to control-participants by 2-week period and site, we used conditional logistic regression to estimate the VE of a booster dose compared with completing only 2 mRNA doses &gt;150 days previously, adjusted for multiple covariates.

Results
Among 3279 case-participants and 3998 control-participants who had completed 2 mRNA doses, we estimated that the VE of a booster dose against COVID-19 declined from 86% (95% confidence interval, 81%–90%) during Delta predominance to 65% (58%–70%) during Omicron predominance. During Omicron predominance, VE declined from 73% (95% confidence interval, 67%–79%) 14–60 days after the booster dose, to 32% (4%–52%) ≥120 days after a booster dose. We found that VE was similar by age group, presence of underlying health conditions, and pregnancy status on the test date, as well as among immunocompromised participants.

Conclusions
A booster dose conferred substantial protection against COVID-19 among healthcare personnel. However, VE was lower during Omicron predominance, and waning effectiveness was observed 4 months after booster dose receipt during this period. Our findings support recommendations to stay up to date on recommended doses of COVID-19 vaccines for all those eligible.
Biomarker Testing Trends in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Who Live in Rural Areas and Urban Clusters in the US
Authors: Lewis Mark A , Stansfield Lindsay , Kelton John M , Lieu Christopher H 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
There is a paucity of data on biomarker testing rates in rural populations with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). To assess biomarker testing practices, oncologists in rural areas and urban clusters in the US were surveyed.

Materials and Methods
A web-based survey was administered to oncologists spending ≥40% of their time practicing in rural areas or urban clusters and who had treated ≥2 patients with stage IV mCRC in the prior month.

Results
Ninety-nine oncologists completed the quantitative survey and 17 the qualitative interview. Among respondents, 97% reported ordering biomarker tests. Oncologists reported testing for KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, HER2, and mismatch repair deficiency/microsatellite instability in 72%, 65%, 63%, 56%, and 66% of patients with metastatic disease, respectively. Forty-one percent reported performing reflex testing. The most cited testing barriers were lack of insurance coverage, insufficient tissue samples, and long turnaround times.

Conclusion
Further assessment of rural testing practices is needed.
Development and initial validation of the menstrual sensitivity index
Authors: Handy Ariel B , Seidman Laura C , Payne Laura A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective
The present study sought to develop and perform the initial validation of a scale assessing sensitivity to menstrual pain and symptoms.

Methods
Data were taken from a larger parent study in which participants were recruited from a nationwide sample of individuals via the UniVox platform (www.univoxcommunity.com). In that study, participants were stratified by age and self-reported menstrual pain. Participants in the parent study completed 2 online surveys, one at baseline and one at a 3-month follow up. Participants who provided complete responses to the potential scale items, as well as a variety of validated questionnaires, were included in the present analyses. Final item selection was determined by factor analyses, and measures of validity and reliability were examined.

Results
Factor analyses support an 8-item scale assessing menstrual sensitivity. This scale, the Menstrual Sensitivity Index, demonstrates excellent internal consistency, good item–total correlations, and good total score test–retest reliability. Convergent validity emerged for menstrual- and pain-specific measures, and divergent validity emerged for anxiety sensitivity, anxiety, depression, nonmenstrual bodily pain, and premenstrual symptoms.

Conclusions
Menstrual sensitivity is a unique construct that reflects women’s attunement to and fear of menstrual symptoms, and the Menstrual Sensitivity Index is a valid and reliable measure of this construct. This scale could be useful in advancing research and clinical work targeting menstrual pain.
Evaluating the risk of sepsis attributing to obesity: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Hu Jing , Gan Quan , Zhou Dong , Xia Xing , Xiang Wei , Xiao Rong , Tang Jing , Li Jie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Sepsis is a reaction to infection with high morbidity and mortality. It has been noted that patients with obesity were more likely to suffer from sepsis. However, the causality remains elucidating, as reverse causality and residual confounding could not be largely mitigated in conventional observational studies.

Objective
To evaluate the risk of sepsis attributed to obesity phenotypes including body mass index (BMI), waist circumstance (WC), and WC adjusted for BMI (WCadjBMI) in a causal way.

Methods
We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study using large-scale genome-wide association study summary data with sample sizes ranging from 231 353 to 486 484. The inverse-weighted variance (IVW) was conducted as the primary approach. We also used the weighted median and MR-Egger for causal inference. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the reliability of the MR estimates.

Results
IVW detected that genetic liability for increased BMI [odds ratio (OR) = 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.20–1.63, P = 1.52 × 10–5] and WC (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.01–1.03, P = 4.28 × 10−3) predicted a higher risk of sepsis. No evidence was observed for a causal effect of WCadjBMI on sepsis risk (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.00–1.02, P = 0.08). Sensitivity analysis did not identify any bias in the MR results.

Conclusion
This MR study showed that obesity contributed to an increased risk of sepsis, indicating that obesity management might be beneficial for reducing sepsis risk.
Key messages What is already known on this topic—Observational studies have reported the association between obesity and sepsis, but the causality has not been determined. What this study adds—This Mendelian randomization study demonstrated that obesity-related phenotypes, including body mass index and Waist circumstance, causally increased the risk of sepsis. How this study might affect research, practice, or policy—The findings of our study might have an implication for clinicians that obesity management might be a promised strategy for reducing the risk of sepsis.
Accuracy of Video-Based Gait Analysis Using Pose Estimation During Treadmill Walking Versus Overground Walking in Persons After Stroke
Authors: John Kristen , Stenum Jan , Chiang Cheng-Chuan , French Margaret A , Kim Christopher , Manor John , Statton Matthew A , Cherry-Allen Kendra M , Roemmich Ryan T 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective
Video-based pose estimation is an emerging technology that shows significant promise for improving clinical gait analysis by enabling quantitative movement analysis with little costs of money, time, or effort. The objective of this study is to determine the accuracy of pose estimation-based gait analysis when video recordings are constrained to 3 common clinical or in-home settings (ie, frontal and sagittal views of overground walking and sagittal views of treadmill walking).

Methods
Simultaneous video and motion capture recordings were collected from 30 persons after stroke during overground and treadmill walking. Spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters were calculated from videos using an open-source human pose estimation algorithm and from motion capture data using traditional gait analysis. Repeated-measures analyses of variance were then used to assess the accuracy of the pose estimation-based gait analysis across the different settings, and the authors examined Pearson and intraclass correlations with ground-truth motion capture data.

Results
Sagittal videos of overground and treadmill walking led to more accurate measurements of spatiotemporal gait parameters versus frontal videos of overground walking. Sagittal videos of overground walking resulted in the strongest correlations between video-based and motion capture measurements of lower extremity joint kinematics. Video-based measurements of hip and knee kinematics showed stronger correlations with motion capture versus ankle kinematics for both overground and treadmill walking.

Conclusion
Video-based gait analysis using pose estimation provides accurate measurements of step length, step time, and hip and knee kinematics during overground and treadmill walking in persons after stroke. Generally, sagittal videos of overground gait provide the most accurate results.

Impact
Many clinicians lack access to expensive gait analysis tools that can help identify patient-specific gait deviations and guide therapy decisions. These findings show that video-based methods that require only common household devices provide accurate measurements of a variety of gait parameters in persons after stroke and could make quantitative gait analysis significantly more accessible.
Double-crosslinked PNIPAM-based hydrogel dressings with adjustable adhesion and contractility
Authors: Cao Yu , Wang Longfei , Zhang Xiumei , Lu Yi , Wei Yan , Liang Ziwei , Hu Yinchun , Huang Di 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Rapid post-wound closure is necessary to avoid wound infection and promote scar-free healing when skin trauma occurs. In this study, new types of hydrogel dressings with adjustable contractility were fabricated based on N-isopropyl acrylamide/sodium alginate/graphene oxide (P/SA/GO). Then, the chitosan (CS) solution was used as a bridging polymer to achieve tissue adhesion to the hydrogel. The results show that the hydrogel based on poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) not only has the ability to self-shrink but also can adjust the rate of shrinkage through near-infrared thermal stimulation. At the same time, high adhesion strength (7.86 ± 1.22 kPa) between the tissue and the dressing is achieved through the introduction of bridging polymers (CS), and the coating area of the bridging polymer can be adjusted to achieve regional adhesion. The mouse total skin defects experiments have shown that sutures-free wound closure in the early stages of wound healing could be obtained by adjusting the material temperature. Besides, the dressings can promote scar-free wound healing by reducing inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition. These results indicate that double-crosslinked PNIPAM-based hydrogel dressings with adjustable adhesion and contractility proposed in this study provide a candidate material for achieving trackless wound healing.
Minimum Wage Employment Effects and Labour Market Concentration
Authors: Azar José , Huet-Vaughn Emiliano , Marinescu Ioana , Taska Bledi , von Wachter Till 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper shows that more highly concentrated labour markets experience more positive employment effects of the minimum wage. In the most concentrated labour markets, employment rises following a minimum wage increase. The paper establishes its main findings by studying the effects of local minimum wage increases on a key low-wage retail sector, and using data on labour market concentration that covers the entirety of the U.S. with fine spatial variation at the occupation level. The results carry over to the fast-food sector and the entire low-wage labour market and are robust to using proxies of labour market concentration available for a broader range of industries, such as the number of establishments and population density. A model of oligopsonistic competition can explain these effects: there is more room to increase wages in high-concentration areas where wages tend to be further below marginal productivity. These findings provide evidence supporting monopsonistic wage setting as an explanation for the near-zero minimum wage employment effect documented in prior work.