bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnitude distribution and clustering properties of the 3-D seismicity in Central Apennines (Italy)
Authors: Console Rodolfo , Vannoli Paola , Falcone Giuseppe 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYIn this paper we deal with statistical features of earthquakes, seeking possible correlations between the Gutenberg–Richter magnitude distribution and the short-term clustering in an area of the Central Apennines, Italy, where significant seismicity with earthquakes exceeding magnitude 6.0 has been repeatedly observed from 1990 to the present. For this purpose, a recently developed version of the ETAS model, incorporating a 3-D spatial triggering kernel, has been adopted. Our analysis has been carried out representing the b-value and the probability of independence of events on six vertical cross-sections suitably related to the seismic structures that are considered responsible of the seismicity observed in the study area. The results of the statistical analysis of the seismicity in the study area have shown a clear distinction between the western normal low-angle fault system, characterized by eastward dip and the eastern normal fault systems, with westward dip. In the former (Etrurian Fault System; EFS) we found seismicity with a high b-value and high probability of independence, that is a scarce capacity of producing clusters and strong aftershock sequences. The eastern fault systems of our study area are distinguishable in two main distinct systems, which generated two strong seismic sequences in 1997 and 2016–2017. In the former (Colfiorito) sequence the seismicity showed a very low b-value and a modest probability of independence, while in the latter (Central Italy) sequence the b-value was significantly higher and the probability of independence had extremely low values (manifesting a high level of clustering). The much higher b-value of the EFS than the other extensional sources could be caused by its peculiar seismotectonic role of discontinuity at the base of the normal active faulting, and its reduced capacity of accumulating stress. This circumstance may be interpreted by a difference in the rheological properties of these fault systems, possibly also in relation to their present status in the earthquake cycle and the presence of strong aftershock sequences.
EndophyticPenicillium oxalicumCX-1 preventedPhytophthora cactorumblight onSalvia miltiorrhizaand promoted plant growth
Authors: Ai Mingkun , Han Feng , Yang Xiangyi , Chu Hongyi , Luo Chuan , Tan Shixin , Lv Sainan , Qin Minjian , Xie Guoyong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimThe main purpose of this study was to study the preventive effect of Penicillium sp. CX-1 on Phytophthora cactorum causing Salvia miltiorrhiza blight and its positive effect on plant growth.Methods and ResultsThe endophytic strain CX-1 was isolated from the medicinal plant Corydalis saxicola Bunting and identified as Penicillium oxalicum. The growth inhibitory capacity of CX-1 against Ph. cactorum was 74.4% in the strain co-culture test and 86.2% in filtrate-modified plates. In the pot experiment, the in vivo control of CX-1 against Ph. cactorum in S. miltiorrhiza was 36.0%, which was higher than that of an anti-Phytophthora fungicide (23.4%). In addition, CX-1 had a potent ability to solubilize phosphate and also showed the ability to produce the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and siderophores, which increase the bioavailability of iron to plants. It was demonstrated through pot experiments that CX-1 could significantly promote plant growth. As determined by real-time quantitative PCR, the expression of some S. miltiorrhiza tanshinone-related biosynthesis genes was significantly upregulated following colonization by CX-1.ConclusionStrain CX-1 could effectively inhibit Ph. cactorum, the causative agent of S. miltiorrhiza blight, and significantly promoted the growth of plants through several different routes.
A systematic review of the effectiveness of patient education through patient portals
Authors: Johnson Adam M , Brimhall Andrew S , Johnson Erica T , Hodgson Jennifer , Didericksen Katharine , Pye Joseph , Harmon G J Corey , Sewell Kerry B 
Published: January 2023

Lay Summary
Patient portals provide patients access to health records, lab results, medication refills, educational materials, secure messaging, appointment scheduling, and telehealth visits, allowing patients to take a more active role in their health care decisions and management. This article systematically reviewed all literature regarding patient education through patient portals to determine its effectiveness in improving patient engagement and ability to manage their health conditions. The results found that efforts are being made to raise awareness of educational resources in patient portals, that patients are increasingly utilizing these resources, that patients are finding them useful, and that they are improving health outcomes. It seems that patient portals are becoming a powerful tool for patient engagement and show promise as a means of improving patients’ health. Continued efforts need to be made to raise awareness of patient educational resources in patient portals so that patients utilize these resources to increase their knowledge, skills, and confidence for managing their own health and health care.
Appendiceal diverticulitis and inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Hui Martha Lok-Yung , Ng Justin Ho-Yin , Cummings Olivia , Chen Nelson 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Appendiceal diverticulitis is known as a rare pathology and its etiology remains largely unknown. We describe a case of a 41-year-old woman with a past history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who was admitted to the Emergency Department at a rural hospital in Australia with right iliac fossa pain (RIF) and later was found to have acute appendiceal diverticulitis on histopathologic studies. Thus far, no literature has described IBD as one of the possible contributing factors of appendiceal diverticulitis. This paper aims to shed light on the possible causative relation between appendiceal diverticulitis and IBD.
Study of pulsar flux density and its variability with Parkes data archive
Authors: Wang Ziyang , Wang Jingbo , Wang Na , Dai Shi , Xie Jintao 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We present average flux density measurements of 151 radio pulsars at 1.4 GHz with the Parkes ‘Murriyang’ radio telescope. We recommend our results be included in the next version of the Australia Telescope National Facility Pulsar Catalogue. The large sample of pulsars together with their wide dispersion measure (DM) range makes this data set useful for studying variability of flux density, pulsar spectra, and interstellar medium (ISM). We derive the modulation indices and structure-function from the flux density time series for 95 and 54 pulsars, respectively. We suggest the modulation index also be included in the next version of the pulsar catalogue to manifest the variability of pulsar flux density. The modulation index of flow density and DM are negatively correlated. The refractive scintillation (RISS) time-scales or its lower bound for a set of 15 pulsars are derived. They are very different from theoretical expectations, implying the complicated properties of the ISM along different lines of sight. The structure-function for other pulsars is flat. The RISS parameters for some of these pulsars possibly could be derived with different observing strategies in the future.
Structural insights into viral genome replication by the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus L protein
Authors: Williams Harry M , Thorkelsson Sigurdur R , Vogel Dominik , Milewski Morlin , Busch Carola , Cusack Stephen , Grünewald Kay , Quemin Emmanuelle R J , Rosenthal Maria 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a phenuivirus that has rapidly become endemic in several East Asian countries. The large (L) protein of SFTSV, which includes the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), is responsible for catalysing viral genome replication and transcription. Here, we present 5 cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the L protein in several states of the genome replication process, from pre-initiation to late-stage elongation, at a resolution of up to 2.6 Å. We identify how the L protein binds the 5′ viral RNA in a hook-like conformation and show how the distal 5′ and 3′ RNA ends form a duplex positioning the 3′ RNA terminus in the RdRp active site ready for initiation. We also observe the L protein stalled in the early and late stages of elongation with the RdRp core accommodating a 10-bp product-template duplex. This duplex ultimately splits with the template binding to a designated 3′ secondary binding site. The structural data and observations are complemented by in vitro biochemical and cell-based mini-replicon assays. Altogether, our data provide novel key insights into the mechanism of viral genome replication by the SFTSV L protein and will aid drug development against segmented negative-strand RNA viruses.
Phosphorylation of TRF2 promotes its interaction with TIN2 and regulates DNA damage response at telomeres
Authors: Storchova Radka , Palek Matous , Palkova Natalie , Veverka Pavel , Brom Tomas , Hofr Ctirad , Macurek Libor 
Published: January 2023

AbstractProtein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1 delta (PPM1D) terminates the cell cycle checkpoint by dephosphorylating the tumour suppressor protein p53. By targeting additional substrates at chromatin, PPM1D contributes to the control of DNA damage response and DNA repair. Using proximity biotinylation followed by proteomic analysis, we identified a novel interaction between PPM1D and the shelterin complex that protects telomeric DNA. In addition, confocal microscopy revealed that endogenous PPM1D localises at telomeres. Further, we found that ATR phosphorylated TRF2 at S410 after induction of DNA double strand breaks at telomeres and this modification increased after inhibition or loss of PPM1D. TRF2 phosphorylation stimulated its interaction with TIN2 both in vitro and at telomeres. Conversely, induced expression of PPM1D impaired localisation of TIN2 and TPP1 at telomeres. Finally, recruitment of the DNA repair factor 53BP1 to the telomeric breaks was strongly reduced after inhibition of PPM1D and was rescued by the expression of TRF2-S410A mutant. Our results suggest that TRF2 phosphorylation promotes the association of TIN2 within the shelterin complex and regulates DNA repair at telomeres.
Magical Thinking in Public Policy
Authors: Boswell John 
Published: January 2023

AbstractContemporary policy scholars tend to be cynical about reform movements that hope to make policymaking more rational or more democratic. Scholars point to the pathologies and vagaries of realpolitik that render ideals such as evidence-based policymaking, long-term prevention, collaboration, transparency and citizen engagement unattainable. Increasingly, many go further to warn about the democratic dangers in the foolhardy pursuit of these goals. The fact is, however, that scholarly objections about political obstacles and practical constraints are not news to policy actors themselves—they are acutely aware of the challenges of policy work amid uncertainty, complexity and contestation. They privately express doubt, frustration and cynicism, too. Yet still they continue to support, promote and work towards these key aspirations in practice. Why do naïve ideals about better policymaking persist even in such cynical times? This book unpacks this puzzle to reveal the careful reflection behind apparent ‘magical thinking’ in public policy. Through rich case studies and wide-ranging theoretical discussion, it offers novel insight into the continuing appeal of seemingly naïve ideals. In particular, it shows how turning to these ideals helps actors to reconcile and resolve key dilemmas and challenges in their everyday work. Ultimately, the book offers a nuanced and spirited defence of the value of clinging on to seemingly naïve ideals for better policymaking, even in the face of inevitable failures and disappointments.
Introduction to Mechanics of Solid Materials
Authors: Anand Lallit , Kamrin Ken , Govindjee Sanjay 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction to Mechanics of Solid Materials is concerned with the deformation, flow, and fracture of solid materials. This book offers a unified presentation of the major concepts in Solid Mechanics for junior/senior-level undergraduate students in the many branches of engineering --- mechanical, materials, civil, and aeronautical engineering among others. The book begins by covering the basics of kinematics and strain, and stress and equilibrium, followed by a coverage of the small deformation theories for different types of material response: (i) Elasticity; (ii) Plasticity and Creep; (iii) Fracture and Fatigue; and (iv) Viscoelasticity. The book has additional chapters covering the important material classes of: (v) Rubber Elasticity, and (vi) Continuous-fiber laminated composites. The text includes numerous examples to aid the student.
History of South Africa
Authors: Simpson Thula 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
South Africa was born in war, has been cursed by crises and ruptures, and today stands on a precipice once again. This book explores the country's tumultuous journey from the finale of the Second Anglo-Boer War, to 2021. Drawing on sources including diaries, letters, oral testimony, and diplomatic reports, Thula Simpson follows the South African people through the battles, elections, resistance, strikes, insurrections, massacres, financial crashes and epidemics that have shaped the nation. Tracking South Africa's path from colony to Union, and apartheid to democracy, Simpson documents the influence of key figures including Jan Smuts, Nelson Mandela, Steve Biko, P.W. Botha, Thabo Mbeki and Cyril Ramaphosa. He offers detailed accounts of watershed events like the 1922 Rand Revolt, the Defiance Campaign, Sharpeville, the Soweto uprising, and the Marikana massacre. He sheds light on the roles of Gandhi, Churchill, Castro and Thatcher, the impact of the World Wars, the liberation struggle, and the Border War. Simpson's history charts the post-apartheid phases of ANC rule from the Rainbow Nation to state capture and the "New Dawn". Along the way, it reveals the divisions and solidarities of sport; the nation's economic travails; and pandemics from the Spanish flu, to AIDS, to COVID-19.
Small RNA-mediated DNA methylation during plant reproduction
Authors: Chow Hiu Tung , Mosher Rebecca A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Reproductive tissues are a rich source of small RNAs, including several classes of short interfering (si)RNAs that are restricted to this stage of development. In addition to RNA polymerase IV-dependent 24-nt siRNAs that trigger canonical RNA-directed DNA methylation, abundant reproductive-specific siRNAs are produced from companion cells adjacent to the developing germ line or zygote and may move intercellularly before inducing methylation. In some cases, these siRNAs are produced via non-canonical biosynthesis mechanisms or from sequences with little similarity to transposons. While the precise role of these siRNAs and the methylation they trigger is unclear, they have been implicated in specifying a single megaspore mother cell, silencing transposons in the male germ line, mediating parental dosage conflict to ensure proper endosperm development, hypermethylation of mature embryos, and trans-chromosomal methylation in hybrids. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of reproductive siRNAs, including their biosynthesis, transport, and function.
Ultrasound-guided Versus Computed Tomography Fluoroscopy-assisted Cervical Transforaminal Steroid Injection for the Treatment of Radicular Pain in the Lower Cervical Spine
Authors: Yue Li , Zheng Shuyue , Hua Lei , Li Hongfu , Yang Yuchen , Li Juanhong , He Liangliang 
Published: January 2023

Object:
To estimate the contrast dispersion short-term clinical efficacy and safety of ultrasound (US)-guided transforaminal steroid injection (TFSI) compared with computed tomography (CT) guidance for the treatment of cervical radicular pain.

Method:
A total of 430 patients with cervical radicular pain from cervical herniated disk or cervical spondylosis were recruited in the randomized, single-blind, controlled, noninferiority trial. The patients were randomly assigned to receive either the US-guided or CT-guided TFSI for 1 affected cervical nerve. The dispersion pattern of contrast was monitored at the time of TFSI in both groups, using CT. Patients were assessed for pain intensity by numeric rating scale (NrS) and functional disability by Neck Disability Index (NDI) at baseline, 1 and 3 months after the intervention. Complications were also recorded.

Results:
The satisfactory rate of contrast distribution was respectively 92.1% in US group and 95.8% in CT group. Pain reduction and functional improvement were showed in both groups during follow-up. Statistical difference was not observed in the decrease in NRS pain scores and NDI scores between 2 groups with F=1.050, P=0.306 at 1 month and F=0.103, P=0.749 at 3 months after intervention. No permanent and severe complications were observed.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated that US provided a noninferior injectate spread pattern and similar improvement of radicular pain and functional status when compared with CT-guided TFSI. US may be advantageous during this procedure because it allows visualization of critical vessels and avoids radiation exposure.
Opioid Represcriptions After ACL Reconstruction in Adolescents Are Associated With Subsequent Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Cahan Eli M. , Halvorsen Kristin C. , Pham Nicole S. , Kaur Japsimran , Bryson Xochitl M. , Chan Charles M. , Vorhies John S. 
Published: January 2023

Introduction:
Postoperative opioid prescriptions may confer a risk for subsequent opioid use disorders (OUDs). For many children, postoperative analgesia is often the first opioid exposure. The rates of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in pediatric populations are rising. Here, we use an administrative claims database to describe opioid prescription patterns after ACL reconstruction and their effect on subsequent risk of OUD.

Methods:
Using International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9, ICD-10, and CPT codes, we identified patients, with ages 10 to 18, undergoing primary ACL reconstruction between 2014 and 2016 with minimum 1 year follow-up in the Optum Clinformatics Data Mart, which is a nationally representative administrative claims database. Demographic variables and prescription patterns (in morphine milligram equivalents [MMEs]) were analyzed using univariate tests and multivariable logistic regression to determine any potential association with the appearance of anew an ICD-9 or ICD-10 code for OUD within 1 year of the initial procedure.

Results:
A total of 4459 cases were included and 29 (0.7%) of these patients were diagnosed with an OUD within 1 year of surgery. Upon univariate analysis, opioid represcriptions within 6 weeks were significantly more common among patients with OUD; 27.6% vs. 9.7% of patients that did not develop a new diagnosis of OUD (P=0.005). Multivariable logistic regression indicated an independent significant relationship between total MMEs initially prescribed and the odds of a subsequent OUD diagnosis: for each additional 100 MMEs prescribed in total, the odds of OUD increased by 13% (P=0.002). Patients with a represcription within 6 weeks of surgery had an average increase in the odds of OUD by 161% (P=0.027).

Conclusions:
In this cohort of patient ages 10 to 18 undergoing primary isolated ACL reconstruction, we found substantial variability in opiate prescribing patterns and higher initial opioid prescription volume, as well as opioid represcription within 6 weeks were predictive of the subsequent development of OUD.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a systematic review
Authors: Younossi Zobair M. , Golabi Pegah , Paik James M. , Henry Austin , Van Dongen Catherine , Henry Linda 
Published: January 2023

Background and Aims:
NAFLD is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. We assessed the global and regional prevalence, incidence, and mortality of NAFLD using an in-depth meta-analytic approach.

Approach and Results:
PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE were searched for NAFLD population-based studies from 1990 to 2019 survey year (last published 2022) per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models. Bias risk assessment was per Joanna Briggs Institute. Of 2585 studies reviewed, 92 studies (N=9,361,716) met eligibility criteria. Across the study period (1990–2019), meta-analytic pooling of NAFLD prevalence estimates and ultrasound-defined NAFLD yielded an overall global prevalence of 30.05% (95% CI: 27.88%–32.32%) and 30.69% (28.4–33.09), respectively. Global NAFLD prevalence increased by +50.4% from 25.26% (21.59–29.33) in 1990–2006 to 38.00% (33.71–42.49) in 2016–2019 (p<0.001); ultrasound-defined NAFLD prevalence increased by +38.7% from 25.16% (19.46–31.87) in 1990–2006 to 34.59% (29.05–40.57) (p=0.029). The highest NAFLD prevalence was in Latin America 44.37% (30.66%–59.00%), then Middle East and North Africa (MENA) (36.53%, 28.63%–45.22%), South Asia (33.83%, 22.91%–46.79%), South-East Asia (33.07%, 18.99%–51.03%), North America (31.20%, 25.86%–37.08%), East Asia (29.71%, 25.96%–33.76%), Asia Pacific 28.02% (24.69%–31.60%), Western Europe 25.10% (20.55%–30.28%). Among the NAFLD cohort diagnosed without a liver biopsy, pooled mortality rate per 1000 PY was 12.60 (6.68–23.67) for all-cause mortality; 4.20 (1.34–7.05) for cardiac-specific mortality; 2.83 (0.78–4.88) for extrahepatic cancer-specific mortality; and 0.92 (0.00–2.21) for liver-specific mortality.

Conclusions:
NAFLD global prevalence is 30% and increasing which requires urgent and comprehensive strategies to raise awareness and address all aspects of NAFLD on local, regional, and global levels.