bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of orally administered trazodone on ambulation and recumbency in healthy horses
Authors: Hobbs Kallie , Luethy Daniela , Davis Jennifer , Mallicote Martha , Torcivia Catherine , Kulp Jeaneen , Stefanovski Darko , Futterman Catherine , Cooper Freya , van Eps Andrew 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundTrazodone, a serotonin receptor antagonist and reuptake inhibitor, might be a useful adjunctive treatment in the initial management of horses with acute laminitis if it minimizes ambulation or encourages recumbency.Objectives(1) Evaluate the effects of PO trazodone on ambulatory activity and recumbency in healthy horses; and (2) assess the pharmacokinetics of multiple PO doses of trazodone.Animals/MethodsIn a randomized cross‐over design, 8 healthy horses received placebo or trazodone at 2 doses (2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg) PO q12h for 48 hours with a 14‐day washout period between treatments. Forelimb step frequency was measured using a hoof‐mounted accelerometer and continuous video monitoring was used to detect recumbency. Groups were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test. Trazodone and m‐chlorophenylpiperazine (m‐CPP) plasma concentrations were determined by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry and pharmacokinetics were analyzed using noncompartmental methods.ResultsStep frequency was lower in horses receiving 7.5 mg/kg trazodone than in the control group (mean step reduction: 44% ± 11%). Steps‐area under the curve were significantly lower in the 7.5 mg/kg group (mean ± SD: 3375 ± 525 steps × hour) as compared to the 2.5 mg/kg group (mean ± SD: 5901 ± 2232; P = .02) and compared to control (mean ± SD: 6590 ± 1241; P = .001). No difference was found in the number of recumbent episodes (P = .92) or total duration of recumbency (P = .9). Trazodone and m‐CPP achieved steady‐state concentrations, with an accumulation ratio of 1.45 ± 0.2.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAlthough it did not affect recumbency, trazodone at 7.5 mg/kg q12h decreased step frequency by approximately 44%.
‘Two Armies flye in…’: Battle scenes in English Renaissance theatre
Authors: Dahl Christian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOne of the most spectacular characteristics of English Renaissance theatre is the propensity for battle scenes. Between 1576 and 1616, battle scenes appear in a third of all surviving plays and, judging from the titles, the frequency may have been even higher in the lost plays. The popularity of battle scenes is indicative both of early modern fascination with history as spectacle and of the imminence of contemporary warfare, especially in the final decades of the reign of Elizabeth I. Based on quantitative studies, this paper offers a survey of the evolution and proliferation of battle scenes in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, and I will critically assess the general assumption that battle scenes eventually waned from the early modern stage as a consequence of the ascent to the throne of the peace‐seeking James I. For reasons to be discussed, it is quite unlikely that James's doctrine on foreign politics had any significant effect on the staging of war in theatre.
In situ characterisation of whole‐plant stomatal responses to VPD using leaf optical dendrometry
Authors: Bourbia Ibrahim , Lucani Christopher , Carins‐Murphy Madeline R. , Gracie Alistair , Brodribb Timothy J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVapour pressure deficit (VPD) plays a crucial role in regulating plant carbon and water fluxes due to its influence on stomatal behaviour and transpiration. Yet, characterising stomatal responses of the whole plant to VPD remains challenging due to methodological limitations. Here, we develop a novel method for in situ assessment of whole‐plant stomatal responses (gc) to VPD in the herbaceous plant Tanacetum cinerariifolium. To do this, we examine the relationship between daytime VPD and the corresponding soil–stem water potential gradient (ΔΨ) monitored using the optical dendrometry in well‐hydrated plants under nonlimiting light in both glasshouse and field conditions. In glasshouse plants, ΔΨ increased proportionally with the VPD up to a threshold of 1.53 kPa, beyond which the slope decreased, suggesting a two‐phase response in gc. This pattern aligned with corresponding gravimetrically measured gc behaviour, which also showed a decline when VPD exceeded a similar threshold. This response was then compared with that of field plants monitored using the optical dendrometry technique over a growing season under naturally variable VPD conditions and nonlimiting light and water supply. Field plants exhibited a similar threshold‐type response to VPD but were more sensitive than glasshouse individuals with a VPD threshold of 0.74 kPa. The results showed that whole‐plant gc responses to VPD can be characterised optically in T. cinerariifolium, introducing a new tool for the monitoring and characterisation of stomatal behaviour in situ.
The Tractatus on Truth
Authors: Mezzadri Daniele 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to discuss Wittgenstein's conception of truth in the Tractatus Logico‐Philosophicus. Section 1 sets the scene by exploring how the notion of truth is in the Tractatus intertwined with notions such as sense and picture. In section 2 I discuss a traditional interpretation that sees the Tractatus as committed to truth as correspondence. In sections 3 and 4 I discuss two more recent alternative lines of interpretation; according to one, we should interpret truth in the Tractatus as a relation of identity. According to the other, the Tractatus endorses a deflationary account of truth. I conclude in section 5 by adjudicating the interpretative debate.
Clinical efficacy of guided bone regeneration in peri‐implantitis defects. A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Ramanauskaite Ausra , Becker Kathrin , Cafferata Emilio A. , Schwarz Frank 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGuided bone regeneration (GBR) at peri‐implantitis‐related bone defects involves the placement of bone‐filler particles in the intrabony defects and the application of a barrier membrane. The efficacy of different GBR‐supported reconstructive measures as well as their potential superiority compared to non‐GBR‐supported treatment strategies for bone defects at peri‐implantitis sites, however, remains unclear. Therefore, this analysis was designed to evaluate the long‐term (≥12 months) clinical efficacy of GBR‐supported reconstructive surgical therapy for peri‐implantitis‐related bone defects. In terms of resolving inflammation, the implementation of GBR protocols applying xenogenic bone substitutes yielded a higher reduction of bleeding on probing and probing depth value compared to the GBR protocol applying autogenous bone. Furthermore, for the changes in bleeding on probing and probing depths, GBR approaches using xenogenic bone showed superiority over the non‐GBR treatments. Xenogenic bone with or without a barrier membrane was associated with improved radiographic bone levels and less soft tissue recession compared to the use of a GBR protocol implementing autogenous bone. Nonetheless, when interpreting this findings, the limited number of available studies with low to serious risk of bias and the short follow‐up periods limited to 12 months should be considered.
Fiscal crises, decentralization, and indiscipline
Authors: Nakatani Ryota 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHow does fiscal decentralization influence fiscal discipline and the probability of a fiscal crisis? Discrete choice analysis used with panel data reveals that crisis probability is associated positively with spending decentralization and negatively with vertical fiscal imbalance. These effects are prevalent in countries with a higher degree of tax revenue decentralization, while a stronger rule of law mitigates such adverse decentralization effects. The findings imply that reduced risk sharing against local shocks under tax revenue decentralization destabilizes the sustainability of a nation's fiscal system. Therefore, policymakers should be cognizant of the undesirable impacts of decentralization on fiscal crisis and indiscipline.
New integrated evidences reveal male polymorphism and species delimitation in stalk‐eyed fruit flies
Authors: Chen Xiaolin , Huangfu Ning , Wang Yong , Zeng Yu , Chua Tock H. , Zhu Chaodong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSpecies of stalk‐eyed fruit flies, in the genera Pelmatops Enderlein and Pseudopelmatops Shiraki, have a distinct head structure with eyes located at the ends of stalks, setting them apart from other tephritids. Despite their unique morphology, the intraspecific variation of morphological and behavioural traits in these flies is still not well‐studied, leaving some questions about species definition unresolved. To address this, we conducted a study combining morphological evidence, behavioural studies, and molecular analyses. Our findings revealed male polymorphism in stalk‐eyed fruit flies for the first time, with four morphotypes observed in Pe. fukienensis and three in Pe. ichneumoneus and Ps. angustifasciatus. These morphotypes differ in eyestalk length, wing pattern, and the presence of projections or spikes at the ends of the compound eye. We also propose phylogenetic and phylogeographic implications for the group based on new molecular evidence, along with our observations of courtship and mating behaviours between previously recognized different species. Our study examined four nominal species (Pe. ichneumoneus and Pe. tangliangi, Ps. angustifasciatus and Ps. continentalis) and revealed rich evolutionary interactions within this group. Based on the results, we propose the synonymy of Pe. tangliangi Chen with Pe. ichneumoneus (Westwood) and Ps. continentalis Zia & Chen with Ps. angustifasciatus Zia & Chen.
Genetic exploration of roles of acid‐sensing ion channel subtypes in neurosensory mechanotransduction including proprioception
Authors: Lin Yi‐Chen , Lee Cheng‐Han , Sung Jia‐Ying , Chen Chih‐Cheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlthough acid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) are proton‐gated ion channels responsible for sensing tissue acidosis, accumulating evidence has shown that ASICs are also involved in neurosensory mechanotransduction. However, in contrast to Piezo ion channels, evidence of ASICs as mechanically gated ion channels has not been found using conventional mechanoclamp approaches. Instead, ASICs are involved in the tether model of mechanotransduction, with the channels gated via tethering elements of extracellular matrix and intracellular cytoskeletons. Methods using substrate deformation‐driven neurite stretch and micropipette‐guided ultrasound were developed to reveal the roles of ASIC3 and ASIC1a, respectively. Here we summarize the evidence supporting the roles of ASICs in neurosensory mechanotransduction in knockout mouse models of ASIC subtypes and provide insight to further probe their roles in proprioception.
Tissue‐resident innate lymphoid cells in asthma
Authors: Wang Xiaoxu , Kong Yue , Zheng Bingqing , Zhao Xiaomin , Zhao Mingzhe , Wang Bin , Liu Chang , Yan Peizheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAsthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease whose global incidence increases annually. The role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) is a crucial aspect of asthma research with respect to different endotypes of asthma. Based on its pathological and inflammatory features, asthma is divided into type 2 high and type 2 low endotypes. Type‐2 high asthma is distinguished by the activation of type 2 immune cells, including T helper 2 (Th2) cells and ILC2s; the production of cytokines interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13; eosinophilic aggregation; and bronchial hyper‐responsiveness. Type‐2 low asthma represents a variety of endotypes other than type 2 high endotype such as the IL‐1β/ILC3/neutrophil endotype and a paucigranulocytic asthma, which may be insensitive to corticosteroid treatment and/or associated with obesity. The complexity of asthma is due to the involvement of multiple cell types, including tissue‐resident ILCs and other innate immune cells including bronchial epithelial cells, dendritic cells, macrophages and eosinophils, which provide immediate defence against viruses, pathogens and allergens. On this basis, innate immune cells and adaptive immune cells combine to induce the pathological condition of asthma. In addition, the plasticity of ILCs increases the heterogeneity of asthma. This review focuses on the phenotypes of tissue‐resident ILCs and their roles in the different endotypes of asthma, as well as the mechanisms of tissue‐resident ILCs and other immune cells. Based on the phenotypes, roles and mechanisms of immune cells, the therapeutic strategies for asthma are reviewed.
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Effects of Cooling System Boundary Conditions on the Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Wang Yaochen , Ren Hongjuan , Li Cong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We developed a three-dimensional multiphysics numerical model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with a cathode mesh structure to investigate how coolant flowrate and temperature impact its performance. After experimentally validating the model, we compared the performance of the cathode mesh structure PEMFC with that of the traditional straight-flow PEMFC. The results indicate that the cathode mesh structure PEMFC has a lower pressure drop and a more index of uniform distribution (IUD), leading to enhanced performance, better temperature distribution, and improved water management of the PEMFC. The investigation of the cooling system’s operating parameters revealed that the temperature of the cathode catalyst layer in the PEMFC is the highest, while the temperature of the bipolar plate is the lowest. Of the nine cases that we evaluated, Case 7, with a coolant inlet temperature and flowrate of 303.15 K and 0.07 m/s, respectively, yielded the highest power density and the lowest average temperature. The IUD of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) in Case 5 was 0.608, suggesting that the temperature distribution of the PEM is more uniform when the coolant inlet temperature and flowrate are 323.15 K and 0.05 m/s, respectively. We have demonstrated through calculations a strong correlation between temperature difference and IUDs. These findings have significant implications for the optimization and application of PEMFCs.
Promoting Effect of PbO on Ir Nanosurface Toward Ethanol Electrocatalytic Oxidation in Alkaline Media
Authors: Ma Hua-Zhong , He Sheng-Hao , Ma Xing-Yu , Yang Yao-Yue 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMetal-metal (hydr)oxide interfaces can promote the CO2 selectivity of ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) due to so-called metal–oxide interaction (MOI). Here, we first show that the mixture of Ir and PbO species at the nanoscale can also form “bifunctional effect” sites, where the C–C bond of ethanol can be effectively cut at Ir sites to generate C1 intermediates, and nearby PbO species could provide oxygenated species. The as-prepared Ir-PbO/C catalysts with a mean metallic nanoparticle size of 2.6 ± 0.5 nm can greatly improve the activity, stability, and C1 pathway selectivity of EOR. Specifically, it exhibits superior mass activity of 1150 mA/mgIr in 1 M NaOH solution containing 1 M C2H5OH. Chronoamperometry tests show that the stability of Ir-PbO/C is also significantly improved compared with Ir/C. In situ electrochemical infrared absorption spectral results confirm that the addition of oxophilic PbO species could accelerate the oxidative removal of COad intermediates, thereby greatly improving catalytic performance. This study may give new insights into designing efficient anode catalysts for the direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs).
A Model of Hydrodynamic Bearings With Circumferential Parallel Arranged Grooves
Authors: Li Yan , Ning Yanqiang , Zhang Desheng , Zhi Yinhe 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A model is proposed to describe and analyze hydrodynamic bearings with circumferential parallel arranged grooves along any arbitrary groove curve. The Reynolds equation is solved with finite volume method, and the additional terms of the discretized equation for any arbitrary groove curve are deducted. With the model, any groove curve could be characterized by setting an array of inclination angles, and dash-shape grooves can also be modeled by setting the matrix of flag variables reflecting whether it is in the groove. Based on the model, the transient behaviors of four groove types are analyzed by Runge–Kutta method, with the pressure distribution, rotor’s center orbit, and leakage flow obtained. An experiment is conducted to validate the model. Results show that the dash-shape grooves, which are asymmetrical herringboned and intermittent, have both advantages of stability and sealing. The experimental and numerical results of pressure and leakage flow show good agreement in general. The model proposed in this paper will facilitate the design of grooved hydrodynamic bearings, as different groove types can be analyzed and compared by the same model.
Role of Shear on Strength and Damage Evolution in Soda-Lime Glass Under High Dynamic Pressures
Authors: Gandhi Vatsa , Lawlor Barry P. , Kettenbeil Christian , Ravichandran Guruswami 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Silica glasses, such as soda-lime glass (SLG), have found wide ranging applications in engineering due to their excellent optical properties, high strength, and relatively low cost. In such applications, SLG may be subjected to intense dynamic loading due to high/hyper-velocity impact and therefore necessitates understanding of the dynamic shear strength and kinetics for the development of constitutive models. However, while several investigations have generated Hugoniots for silicate glasses, none appear to have measured shearing resistance at pressures above ∼ 20 GPa. In this study, the role of pressure and strain rate on the shearing resistance of soda-lime glass is explored using sandwich configuration high pressure-pressure shear plate impact (HP-PSPI) experiments. These experiments are conducted at pressures ranging from 14 to 42 GPa and strain rates of 105 − 106 s−1, and analyzed using finite element simulations incorporating a modified Johnson–Holmquist (JH-2) material model. The yield strength of SLG is observed to decrease as a function of pressure, which is reminiscent of the evolution of shear strength in granular media at high pressures. This observation suggests a probable shear-induced damage progression from intact material to granular matter in SLG at high pressures.
Numerical Study on Thermo-Hydraulic Performance of Enhanced Tube With Crossed Helical Dimples
Authors: Zheng Jiyu , Liang Zheng , Zhang Liang , Qiu Yangjun , Zhou Jiawei , Yan Zhongchao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A numerical investigation was performed to study the thermo-hydraulic performance in an enhanced tube with crossed helical dimples. The simulations were carried out in the Reynolds number range of 5000–30,000 in crossed helical dimple tube of a period length with a constant wall temperature of 350 K. The thermal enhancement, friction factor, and performance evaluation criteria (PEC) were the primary focus of the present work. Moreover, geometric parameters such as spiral pitch, transverse length, and dimple depth were investigated for their effects on thermo-hydraulic performance. The results revealed that the shape of crossed helical dimple exerts positive effects on the heat transfer enhancement. This unique shape generated intensive transverse flow and induced a higher transverse velocity, leading to heat transfer enhancement. Therefore, the synthesized heat transfer performance was increased by 150–225% over that of the smooth tube. Furthermore, the heat transfer enhancement and friction factors increased with increasing dimple depth and declining spiral pitch and transverse length. Within the scope of this study, the maximum PEC = 2.25 was observed for Re = 30,000, P = 30 mm, L = 11.064 mm, and H = 3 mm.
Attack Angle Parametrization for Capacity Augmentation and Wake Management by Vortex Generators in Finned Compact Heat Exchangers
Authors: Arora Amit , Subbarao P. M. V. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Enhancing gas-side thermal conductance is essential for the compact sizing of finned-tube heat exchangers, and this study attempts it by integrating vortex generators. The orientation of the vortex generators, which is defined by its attack angle, has a strong bearing on the degree of augmentation. As the energy efficiency keeps varying with the attack angle, the thrust of this investigation is to identify the best attack angle(s) for the stipulated task. For that purpose, four distinct attack angles (i.e., 15 deg, 30 deg, 45 deg and 60 deg), representing the entire effective range, are considered. Since spatial positioning of the generators too has a strong bearing on energy efficiency, therefore, its effect is duly accounted for a comprehensive investigation. For the selection of optimal designs, regression-based phenomenological models are used as they apply thermo-hydraulic trade-offs. After determining the best angle(s), a study is carried out to evaluate their robustness under varying operating conditions. Although phenomenological models are adequate for design optimization, they do not describe the physics of thermo-hydraulic enhancement. Therefore, a study explaining the bearing of design modifications on the local characteristics too is carried out. Additionally, a study discussing the effect of generators’ attack angle on heat transfer over the wake-affected surfaces, which has a predominant existence in baseline flows, is reported. It has been found that thermal augmentation over the said surfaces is the key to compact sizing of the system. For a selected wake-region deployment, the highest relative Colburn j-factor corresponding to wake-affected fin equals 3.07 at the specified Reynolds number.
Using Data Assimilation to Improve Turbulence Modeling for Inclined Jets in Crossflow
Authors: Zhang Xu , Wang Kechen , Zhou Wenwu , He Chuangxin , Liu Yingzheng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Data assimilation (DA) integrating limited experimental data and computational fluid dynamics is applied to improve the prediction accuracy of flow and mixing behavior in inclined jet-in-crossflow (JICF). The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) approach is used as the DA technique, and the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) modeling serves as the prediction framework. The flow field and scalar mixing characteristics of a cylinder-inclined JICF and a sand dune (SD)-inspired inclined JICF are studied at various velocity ratios (VR = 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2). First, the Spalart–Allmaras (SA) model and the standard k-ɛ model are investigated based on the cylinder configuration at VR = 1.2. An optimized set of model constants are determined for each model using the EnKF-based data assimilation. The SA model shows remarkable improvement and better prediction in flow separation than the standard k-ɛ model after DA. Further exploration demonstrates that this set of the SA model constants can be extended to other VRs and even the SD-inspired configuration, mainly due to the correction of the predicted flow separation in inclined JICF. Finally, an investigation of the concentration field also shows satisfying improvement, resulting from a more appropriate turbulent Schmidt number. The optimized model constants, the revealed extensibility, and the uncovered mechanism of using the EnKF-based DA to improve the simulation of JICF could facilitate the design of related applications such as gas turbine film cooling.