bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of ultrasonographic examination in catheter-related infections in peritoneal dialysis: a clinical approach
Authors: Nardelli Luca , Scalamogna Antonio , Castellano Giuseppe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPeritoneal dialysis- (PD) related infections continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients on renal replacement therapy via PD. However, despite the great efforts in the prevention of PD-related infectious episodes, approximately one third of technical failures are still caused by peritonitis. Recent studies support the theory that ascribes to exit-site and tunnel infections a direct role in causing peritonitis. Hence, prompt exit site infection/tunnel infection diagnosis would allow the timely start of the most appropriate treatment, thereby decreasing the potential complications and enhancing technique survival. Ultrasound examination is a simple, rapid, non-invasive and widely available procedure for tunnel evaluation in PD catheter-related infections. In case of an exit site infection, ultrasound examination has greater sensitivity in diagnosing simultaneous tunnel infection compared to the physical exam alone. This allows distinguishing the exit site infection, which will likely respond to antibiotic therapy, from infections that are likely to be refractory to medical therapy. In case of a tunnel infection, the ultrasound allows localizing the catheter portion involved in the infectious process, thus providing significant prognostic information. In addition, ultrasound performed after two weeks of antibiotic administration allows monitoring patient response to therapy. However, there is no evidence of the usefulness of ultrasound examination as a screening tool for the early diagnosis of tunnel infections in asymptomatic PD patients.
Virtual reality for prospective and process-related competence modeling—piloting a participatory approach and investigating user acceptance of the applied VR-tool
Authors: Depenbusch Sarah , Schaper Niclas , Schumacher Jan-Philip 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn times of digitalization, it is important to derive competence requirements in relation to future digitalized business processes. Enabling to present these processes in an illustrative and experienceable way, Virtual Reality (VR) may offer special advantages for prospective and process-related competence modeling (PCM) and to include employees as competence modelers. In order to investigate these potential advantages, a VR-based PCM approach is piloted and compared with a conventional PCM approach. In order to identify concrete VR-attributes that may be specifically supportive for VR-based PCM, user acceptance of the applied VR-tool has been evaluated.Results show that the realistic visualization and interaction possibilities provided by VR support a prospective and process-related analysis focus during competence modeling. This way, employees are enabled to identify future competence requirements with regard to single process steps. Comparisons with the conventional PCM approach demonstrate that the prospective and process-related competence models developed in VR provide a higher level of detail concerning the number of identified competence requirements. In the course of user acceptance evaluation, concrete VR-attributes are derived that are most supportive for participatory PCM (e.g. 3D visualization, perceived immersion).Practical Relevance: VR offers a space for experiencing new business processes, thus enabling employees to conduct PCM. By integrating employees’ expertise, required future competences can be derived validly. On this basis, appropriate measures for effective competence modeling can be implemented in the organization.
Versatile tape-drive target for high-repetition-rate laser-driven proton acceleration
Authors: Xu N. , Streeter M. J. V. , Ettlinger O. C. , Ahmed H. , Astbury S. , Borghesi M. , Bourgeois N. , Curry C. B. , Dann S. J. D. , Dover N. P. , Dzelzainis T. , Istokskaia V. , Gauthier M. , Giuffrida L. , Glenn G. D. , Glenzer S. H. , Gray R. J. , Green J. S. , Hicks G. S. , Hyland C. , King M. , Loughran B. , Margarone D. , McCusker O. , McKenna P. , Parisuaña C. , Parsons P. , Spindloe C. , Symes D. R. , Treffert F. , Palmer C. A. J. , Najmudin Z. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present the development and characterization of a high-stability, multi-material, multi-thickness tape-drive target for laser-driven acceleration at repetition rates of up to 100 Hz. The tape surface position was measured to be stable on the sub-micrometre scale, compatible with the high-numerical aperture focusing geometries required to achieve relativistic intensity interactions with the pulse energy available in current multi-Hz and near-future higher repetition-rate lasers ($>$kHz). Long-term drift was characterized at 100 Hz demonstrating suitability for operation over extended periods. The target was continuously operated at up to 5 Hz in a recent experiment for 70,000 shots without intervention by the experimental team, with the exception of tape replacement, producing the largest data-set of relativistically intense laser–solid foil measurements to date. This tape drive provides robust targetry for the generation and study of high-repetition-rate ion beams using next-generation high-power laser systems, also enabling wider applications of laser-driven proton sources.
The Legal Contention for Baldíos Land in the Colombian Altillanura
Authors: Hurtado-Hurtado Carolina , Ortiz-Miranda Dionisio , Arnalte-Alegre Eladio 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTThis article describes the process of legal contention between civil society, political parties, and state institutions for the baldíos lands in the Colombian Altillanura region in the last two decades, a region considered the country’s “last agricultural frontier.” The article focuses on the dual and sometimes contradictory roles of the state institutions, both as facilitators of baldíos grabbing and as guarantors of the peasants’ legal land rights. It analyzes the different attempts by the Colombian government to remove the legal limitations to land accumulation and the resistance put up by civil society and the political parties, which resorted to the existing legal mechanisms to deactivate those attempts. The results reveal the two-sided role of the state: while the government introduces legal changes to facilitate baldíos grabbing, state bodies are actively denouncing and sanctioning illegalities or ruling in favor of peasants deprived of their lands.
Propulsion of airships
Authors: Kemp J. D. 
Published: March 2023

In recent years the advances in materials technology, coupled with the rising operating costs of conventional aircraft, have led to renewed interest in the airship as a means of fulfilling certain transportation requirements.This brief paper does not attempt to retell the story of the airship or to try and justify its present day use, this being far better left to the experts in this field, but considers the requirements and considerations to be taken into account when selecting a propulsion device. The propulsion devices considered are limited to open propellers and very low pressure ratio ducted fans.
Experiments on the reduction of base drag of a blunt trailing edge aerofoil in subsonic flow
Authors: Gai S. L. , Sharma S. D. 
Published: March 2023

It has been pointed out by a number of investigators that aerofoils with blunt trailing edges have many advantages, both structural and aerodynamic, at transonic and supersonic speeds. However, a profile with a blunt trailing edge unfortunately creates a high base drag at subsonic speeds and this could result in the total drag being considerably higher than that for a profile with a sharp trailing edge. This base drag arises due to the periodic vortex shedding from the blunt base which causes low pressures in the wake thus creating the base drag.In order to reduce the base drag of a blunt trailing edge at subsonic speeds, this periodic vortex shedding must be suppressed. This has been achieved by various methods — a splitter plate behind the base, the base bleed, base cavities — and these have shown varying degrees of drag reduction.
A natural language processing approach to uncover patterns among online ratings of otolaryngologists
Authors: Vasan V , Cheng Christopher P. , Lerner David K. , Vujovic D , van Gerwen M , Iloreta A M 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients increasingly use physician rating websites to evaluate and choose potential healthcare providers. A sentiment analysis and machine learning approach can uniquely analyse written prose to quantitatively describe patients’ perspectives from interactions with their physicians.MethodsOnline written reviews and star scores were analysed from Healthgrades.com using a natural language processing sentiment analysis package. Demographics of otolaryngologists were compared and a multivariable regression for individual words was performed.ResultsThis study analysed 18 546 online reviews of 1240 otolaryngologists across the USA. Younger otolaryngologists (aged less than 40 years) had higher sentiment and star scores compared with older otolaryngologists (p < 0.001). Male otolaryngologists had higher sentiment and star scores compared with female otolaryngologists (p < 0.001). ‘Confident’, ‘kind’, ‘recommend’ and ‘comfortable’ were words associated with positive reviews (p < 0.001).ConclusionPositive bedside manner was strongly reflected in better reviews, and younger age and male gender of the otolaryngologist were associated with better sentiment and star scores.
Digital evidence and fair trial rights at the International Criminal Court
Authors: de Arcos Tejerizo María 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInternational criminal proceedings are witnessing an increase in the use of digital sources of evidence at trial, and it is expected that digital evidence will shape the outcome of upcoming decisions of international criminal tribunals. Digital footage may arguably enhance the efficiency of international crimes investigations. However, the high expertise required to access, analyse, and assess digital materials may widen the gap between the prosecution and the defence, thus undermining fair trial rights. This article examines, in the context of proceedings before the International Criminal Court, the impact that the overreliance on digital evidence may have on the principle of equality of arms, and how such a situation might be alleviated.
MOVIMIENTOS POBLACIONALES DEL CLÁSICO TERMINAL EN CHICHÉN ITZÁ, A PARTIR DE LA MORFOLOGÍA DENTAL DE UN GRUPO DE NIÑOS SACRIFICADOS
Authors: Gallardo Alfonso , Merlín Martha Pimienta , Del Castillo Chávez Oana 
Published: March 2023

ResumenEn excavaciones efectuadas en Chichén Itzá en 1967, se encontró una construcción subterránea tipo chultun conteniendo los restos óseos de más de 70 individuos humanos, la mayoría subadultos masculinos. El depósito mortuorio presenta características de ser post-sacrificial, de carácter primario; la datación por carbono-14 lo ubica hacia el 1000 d.C., en el momento de mayor expansión de Chichén Itzá como ciudad capital regional. La cuantificación de 1,066 dientes permanentes establece un número mínimo de individuos de 75 (incisivo central superior izquierdo). Con el propósito de discernir sobre la afinidad biológica de los individuos, primero se llevó a cabo un análisis univariante y multivariante de los diámetros mesiodistales y bucolinguales y se compararon con 16 sitios prehispánicos de época clásica; posteriormente se analizó la morfología dental en 14 rasgos y se compararon con 24 sitios mayas prehispánicos del clásico, siguiendo la metodología estandarizada de Arizona State University Dental Anthropological System (ASUDAS). Se aplicaron tres análisis multivariantes (medida media de divergencia, análisis de conglomerados, y escalamiento multidimensional). Con base en este estudio, podemos afirmar que los niños del chultun de Chichén Itzá no pertenecen a las poblaciones de las Tierras Bajas del norte o del sur, como tampoco a las de las Tierras Altas del sur. Quizá formaban parte de grupos de comerciantes de larga distancia que se asentaron en Chichén Itzá a partir del 800 d.C. para dominar las rutas de comercio tanto marítimas como terrestres de la Península.
Benchmarks for the benchmark approach to valuing long-term insurance liabilities: comment on Fergusson & Platen (2023)
Authors: Bauer Daniel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article comments on the paper “Less-expensive long-term annuities linked to mortality, cash and equity” by Kevin Fergusson and Eckard Platen, appearing in this issue of theAnnals of Actuarial Science. It adds two perspectives to their thought-provoking contribution. The first is a similarity to some recent work in quantitative finance on “deep hedging” that leverages machine learning models to find the cheapest replication strategy for a derivative payoff in a largely model-free setting. The second perspective engages with some of the interesting implications of their approach and draws parallels to literature in asset pricing and macro-finance. These perspectives point to the potential need for more fundamental shifts than the authors of the paper are advertising.
Erfolgreich lernen mit ADHS und ADS
Authors: Rietzler Stefanie , Grolimund Fabian 
Published: March 2023

Für AD(H)S-betroffene Kinder und ihre Eltern ist die Schulzeit oftmals sehr beschwerlich. Meist weichen die Kinder unliebsamen Hausaufgaben aus, verwickeln die Eltern in ewige Diskussionen über Sinn und Unsinn bestimmter Übungen, trödeln und träumen vor sich hin und reagieren rasch frustriert, wenn sie einen Misserfolg einstecken müssen oder eine Aufgabe nicht lösen können. Selbst Eltern mit hohen Erziehungskompetenzen bringt die Lern- und Hausaufgabensituation mit Träumerchen und Wirbelwind daher bisweilen an die Grenzen ihrer Belastbarkeit.
Dieser Elternratgeber zeigt Ihnen konkrete, praktische Hilfestellungen, wie Sie:

die Konzentration und Ausdauer Ihres Kindes steigern
das Lernen motivierender gestalten
Frust, Streit und Tränen rund um die Hausaufgaben reduzieren
Chaos und Vergesslichkeit in den Griff bekommen
Ihrem Kind durch clevere Lernmethoden zu mehr Erfolg verhelfen
die Stärken Ihres Kindes fördern
Ihrem Kind bei Misserfolgen den Rücken stärken und sein Selbstwertgefühl schützen
eine gute Zusammenarbeit mit der Schule aufbauen.

Die vorgestellten Strategien wurden in der Arbeit mit Hunderten von Familien entwickelt und haben sich in der Praxis bewährt. Lassen Sie sich davon überraschen, dass es oft kleine, unscheinbare Veränderungen sind, die eine große Wirkung entfalten.
Stefanie Rietzler und Fabian Grolimund sind Psychologen und leiten gemeinsam die Akademie für Lerncoaching in Zürich.
On Transient Semi‐Arid Ecosystem Dynamics Using Landlab: Vegetation Shifts, Topographic Refugia, and Response to Climate
Authors: Nudurupati Sai S. , Istanbulluoglu Erkan , Tucker Gregory E. , Gasparini Nicole M. , Hobley Daniel E. J. , Hutton Eric W. H. , Barnhart Katherine R. , Adams Jordan M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProjecting how arid and semi‐arid ecosystems respond to global change requires the integration of a wide array of analytical and numerical models to address different aspects of complex ecosystems. We used the Landlab earth surface modeling toolkit (Hobley et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-21-2017) to couple several ecohydrologic and vegetation dynamics processes to investigate the controls of exogenous drivers (climate, topography, fires, and grazing) and endogenous grass‐fire feedback mechanisms. Aspect‐controlled ecosystems and historical woody plant encroachment (WPE) narratives in central New Mexico, USA are used to construct simulations. Modeled ecosystem response to climatic wetness (i.e., higher precipitation, lower potential evapotranspiration) on topography follows the Boyko's “geo‐ecological law of distribution.” Shrubs occupy cooler pole‐facing slopes in the dry end of their ecoclimatic range (Mean Annual Precipitation, MAP ≤ 200 mm), and shift toward warmer equator‐facing slopes as regional moisture increases (MAP > 250 mm). Trees begin to occupy pole‐facing slopes when MAP > 200 mm, and gradually move to valleys. Pole‐facing slopes increase species diversity at the landscape scale by hosting relict populations during dry periods. WPE observed in the region since the middle 1800s is predicted as a three‐phase phenomenon. Phase II, rapid expansion, requires the removal of the positive grass‐fire feedback by livestock grazing or fire suppression. Regime shifts from grassland to shrubland are marked by critical thresholds that involve grass cover remaining below 40%, shrub cover increasing to 10%–20% range, and the grass connectivity, Cg, remaining below 0.15. A critical transition to shrubland is predicted when grazing pressure is not removed before shrub cover attains 60%.
The Effect of Past Saturation Changes on Noble Gas Reconstructions of Mean Ocean Temperature
Authors: Pöppelmeier Frerk , Baggenstos Daniel , Grimmer Markus , Liu Zhijun , Schmitt Jochen , Fischer Hubertus , Stocker Thomas F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe ocean's immense ability to store and release heat on centennial to millennial time scales modulates the impacts of climate perturbations. To gain a better understanding of past variations in mean ocean temperature (MOT), a noble gas‐based proxy measured from ancient air in ice cores has been developed. Here we assess non‐temperature effects that may influence the atmospheric noble gas ratios reconstructed from polar ice and how they impact the temperature signal with an intermediate complexity Earth system model. We find that changes in wind speed, sea‐ice extent, and ocean circulation have partially compensating effects on mean‐ocean noble gas saturation, leading to a slight reduction of noble gas undersaturation at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Taking these effects and ice core measurements into account, our model suggests a revised MOT difference between the LGM and pre‐industrial of −2.1 ± 0.7°C that is also in improved agreement with other independent temperature reconstructions.
Nucleation of Laboratory Earthquakes: Quantitative Analysis and Scalings
Authors: Marty S. , Schubnel A. , Bhat H. S. , Aubry J. , Fukuyama E. , Latour S. , Nielsen S. , Madariaga R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study we use the precursory acoustic emission (AE) activity during the nucleation of stick‐slip instability as a proxy to investigate foreshock occurrence prior to natural earthquakes. We report on three stick‐slip experiments performed on cylindrical samples of Indian metagabbro under upper crustal stress conditions (30–60 MPa). AEs were continuously recorded by eight calibrated acoustic sensors during the experiments. Seismological parameters (moment magnitude, corner frequency and stress‐drop) of the detected AEs (−8.8 ≤ Mw ≤ −7) follow the scaling law between moment magnitude and corner frequency that characterizes natural earthquakes. AE activity always increases toward failure and is driven by along fault slip velocity. The stacked AE foreshock sequences follow an inverse Omori type law, with a characteristic Omori time c inversely proportional to normal stress. AEs moment magnitudes increase toward failure, as manifested by a decrease in b‐value from ∼1 to ∼0.5 at the end of the nucleation process. During nucleation, foreshocks migrate toward the mainshock epicenter location, and stabilize at a distance from the latter compatible with the predicted Rate‐and‐State nucleation size. Importantly, the nucleation characteristic timescale also scales inversely with applied normal stress and the expected nucleation size. Finally, we infer that foreshocks are the byproducts of the nucleation phase which is an almost fully aseismic process. Nevertheless, the seismic/aseismic energy release ratio continuously increases during nucleation, highlighting that, the nucleation process starts as a fully aseismic process, and evolves toward a cascading process at the onset of dynamic rupture.
Simulating Southern Ocean Aerosol and Ice Nucleating Particles in the Community Earth System Model Version 2
Authors: McCluskey Christina S. , Gettelman Andrew , Bardeen Charles G. , DeMott Paul J. , Moore Kathryn A. , Kreidenweis Sonia M. , Hill Thomas C. J. , Barry Kevin R. , Twohy Cynthia H. , Toohey Darin W. , Rainwater Bryan , Jensen Jorgen B. , Reeves John M. , Alexander Simon P. , McFarquhar Greg M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSouthern Ocean (SO) low‐level mixed phase clouds have been a long‐standing challenge for Earth system models to accurately represent. While improvements to the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) resulted in increased supercooled liquid in SO clouds and improved model radiative biases, simulated SO clouds in CESM2 now contain too little ice. Previous observational studies have indicated that marine particles are major contributor to SO low‐level cloud heterogeneous ice nucleation, a process that initiates a number of cloud processes that govern cloud radiative properties. In this study, we utilize detailed aerosol and ice nucleating particle (INP) measurements from two recent measurement campaigns to assess simulated aerosol abundance, number size distributions, and composition and INP parameterizations for use in CESM2. Our results indicate that CESM2 has a positive bias in simulated surface‐level total aerosol surface area at latitudes north of 58°S. Measured INP populations were dominated by marine INPs and we present evidence of refractory INPs present over the SO assumed here to be mineral dust INPs. Results highlight a critical need to assess simulated mineral dust number and size distributions in CESM2 in order to adequately represent SO INP populations and their response to long‐term changes in atmospheric transport patterns and land use change. We also discuss important cautions and limitations in applying a commonly used mineral dust INP parameterization to remote regions like the pristine SO.
Sensitivity of Modeled Soil NOx Emissions to Soil Moisture
Authors: Huber Daniel E. , Steiner Allison L. , Kort Eric A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from fossil fuel combustion decrease, the relative contribution of NOx emissions from managed and unmanaged soils (SNOx) is increasing. Modeling SNOx presents a challenge as it requires proper characterization of emission dynamics in response to environmental conditions. SNOx is often represented using the Berkeley Dalhousie Soil NOx Parameterization (BDSNP), which relies upon static relationships between soil moisture and SNOx for arid and non‐arid lands. However, soil chamber and atmospheric studies have shown that emission characteristics are more dynamic, with peak emissions often occurring at higher soil moisture content. Here, to better capture observational studies, we update BDSNP by creating a dynamic SNOx response to soil moisture based on a normalized soil moisture index. We compare the standard and updated parameterizations over the contiguous United States (U.S.) for 2011–2020 using input soil moisture data from ERA5‐Land, MERRA‐2 and NLDAS2‐Mosaic and evaluate SNOx across these different input drivers as well as between the standard and updated parameterizations. The standard parametrization exhibits strong sensitivity to different input soil moisture products, with annual U.S. SNOx differences of up to 0.28 Tg N yr−1. In contrast, the updated parameterization provides a robust representation of SNOx with reduced sensitivity to input soil moisture product with differences of at most 0.03 Tg N yr−1. The updated parameterization simulates a broad increase in SNOx in non‐arid regions, including much of the Eastern U.S., indicating that this region may be more sensitive to climatically‐driven SNOx as anthropogenic NOx emissions continue to decline.