bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evaluation of a brief ICBT program with therapist support for individuals with gambling problems in the context of a gambling helpline: a randomized pilot trial
Authors: Wall Håkan , Magnusson Kristoffer , Hellner Clara , Andersson Gerhard , Jayaram-Lindström Nitya , Rosendahl Ingvar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background and aims
Gambling helplines are a natural way of first contact for individuals with gambling problems. However, few studies have evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of brief interventions in a gambling helpline. To reduce this knowledge gap, this study evaluated the feasibility of an online cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) program in the context of a gambling helpline as a first step towards a full-scale RCT.

Design
This is a two-group parallel randomized controlled pilot trial where the participants were randomized to either a brief four-module ICBT program (n = 22) or a control group (n = 21). Participants were followed up weekly during the intervention, post intervention, and 6 weeks upon completion of intervention.

Participants
A total of 43 self-identified individuals with gambling problems (scoring 3 or more on the Problem Gambling Severity Index) were recruited via the Swedish national gambling helpline, 59% females, mean age 43.7 years.

Measurements
Feasibility of the procedure and intervention (i.e., recruitment pace, attrition, program engagement, and satisfaction) were the primary outcomes; treatment effect (net gambling losses) was the secondary outcome.

Results
Approximately 2 participants per week were randomized, and retention was low, with 47% lost to follow-up at the 6-week follow-up time-point. Most participants engaged in the online modules (86%) and rated their overall satisfaction with the program as high (7.5 out of 10). Both groups decreased their weekly gambling losses at both follow-up time-points, but the between-group comparisons were inconclusive.

Conclusion
It is not advisable to conduct a full-scale RCT based on the results from this pilot study. Future studies in a gambling helpline should consider interventions that are more suited to be incorporated in a gambling helpline and identify ways to increase participant engagement.

Trial registration
The study was retrospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04609007, 29/10/2020).
Patient priority setting in HIV ageing research: exploring the feasibility of community engagement and involvement in Tanzania
Authors: Clarke Ellisiv , Anderson-Saria Grace , Kisoli Aloyce , Urasa Sarah , Moloney Susan , Safic Ssenku , Rogathi Jane , Walker Richard , Robinson Louise , Paddick Stella-Maria 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective
The chronic complications of ageing with HIV are not well studied in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where general healthcare resources are limited. We aimed to collaborate with individuals living with HIV aged ≥ 50 years, and community elders (aged ≥ 60 years) living with non-communicable diseases in the Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania in a health research priority-setting exercise.

Methods
We conducted structured workshops based on broad questions to aid discussion and group-based patient priority setting, alongside discussion of the feasibility of future community research engagement. Participant priorities were tallied and ranked to arrive at core priorities from consensus discussion.

Results
Thirty older people living with HIV and 30 community elders attended separate priority setting workshops. Both groups reported motivation to participate in, conduct, and oversee future studies. In this resource-limited setting, basic needs such as healthcare access were prioritised much higher than specific HIV-complications or chronic disease. Stigma and social isolation were highly prioritised in those living with HIV.

Conclusions
Community engagement and involvement in HIV and ageing research appears feasible in Tanzania. Ageing and non-communicable disease research should consider the wider context, and lack of basic needs in low-income settings. A greater impact may be achieved with community involvement.
Learning effectiveness of a flexible learning study programme in a blended learning design: why are some courses more effective than others?
Authors: Müller Claude , Mildenberger Thoralf , Steingruber Daniel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFlexible learning addresses students’ needs for more flexibility and autonomy in shaping their learning process, and is often realised through online technologies in a blended learning design. While higher education institutions are increasingly considering replacing classroom time and offering more blended learning, current research is limited regarding its effectiveness and modifying design factors. This study analysed a flexible study programme with 133 courses in a blended learning design in different disciplines over more than 4 years with a mixed-methods approach. In the analysed flexible study programme, classroom instruction time was reduced by 51% and replaced with an online learning environment in a blended learning format (N students = 278). Student achievement was compared to the conventional study format (N students = 1068). The estimated summary effect size for the 133 blended learning courses analysed was close to, but not significantly different from, zero (d = − 0.0562, p = 0.3684). Although overall effectiveness was equivalent to the conventional study format, considerable variance in the effect sizes between the courses was observed. Based on the relative effect sizes of the courses and data from detailed analyses and surveys, heterogeneity can be explained by differences in the implementation quality of the educational design factors. Our results indicate that when implementing flexible study programmes in a blended learning design, particular attention should be paid to the following educational design principles: adequate course structure and guidance for students, activating learning tasks, stimulating interaction and social presence of teachers, and timely feedback on learning process and outcomes.
Telomere-to-telomere and haplotype-resolved genome of the kiwifruit Actinidia eriantha
Authors: Wang Yingzhen , Dong Minhui , Wu Ying , Zhang Feng , Ren Wangmei , Lin Yunzhi , Chen Qinyao , Zhang Sijia , Yue Junyang , Liu Yongsheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractActinidia eriantha is a characteristic fruit tree featuring with great potential for its abundant vitamin C and strong disease resistance. It has been used in a wide range of breeding programs and functional genomics studies. Previously published genome assemblies of A. eriantha are quite fragmented and not highly contiguous. Using multiple sequencing strategies, we get the haplotype-resolved and gap-free genomes of an elite breeding line “Midao 31” (MD), termed MDHAPA and MDHAPB. The new assemblies anchored to 29 pseudochromosome pairs with a length of 619.3 Mb and 611.7 Mb, as well as resolved 27 and 28 gap-close chromosomes in a telomere-to-telomere (T2T) manner. Based on the haplotype-resolved genome, we found that most alleles experienced purifying selection and coordinately expressed. Owing to the high continuity of assemblies, we defined the centromeric regions of A. eriantha, and identified the major repeating monomer, which is designated as Ae-CEN153. This resource lays a solid foundation for further functional genomics study and horticultural traits improvement in kiwifruit.
Graphical Abstract
Racial/Ethnic Disparity in the Relationship of Mental and Physical Health With Colorectal Cancer Screening Utilization Among Breast and Prostate Cancer Survivors
Authors: Tsai Meng-Han , Bevel Malcolm S. , Andrzejak Sydney E. 
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE: We examined colorectal cancer (CRC) screening utilization among non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black (NHB), non-Hispanic other (NHO)/Hispanic cancer survivors. We also determined whether experiencing poor physical and/or mental health affects CRC screening utilization in breast and prostate cancers across different racial/ethnic groups. METHODS: Data from years 2016, 2018, and 2020 of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System on 3,023 eligible treatment-utilizing cancer survivors with complete treatment were used. We performed descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression to examine the mentioned association. RESULTS: Among 3,023 eligible survivors, 67.7% of NHO/Hispanic survivors demonstrated lower CRC screening use compared with non-Hispanic White (82%) and NHB (89%) survivors ( P < .001). In multivariable analysis, having frequent (14-30 days) poor mental health was associated with lower odds of receiving CRC screening among NHB (odds ratio [OR], 0.32; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.95) and NHO/Hispanic (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.81) survivors. Similar results in physical health were also found in NHB (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.91) and NHO/Hispanic (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.91) groups. Among those experienced both frequent poor mental and physical health, NHB/NHO/Hispanic were less likely to be screened for CRC (OR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.10). CONCLUSION: NHO/Hispanic survivors demonstrated lower CRC screening use. Frequent poor mental and/or physical health was strongly associated with lower CRC screening use among NHB and NHO/Hispanic survivors. Our study suggests that cancer survivorship care considering mental and physical health status may improve adherence to CRC screening recommendation (for secondary cancer prevention) for NHB, NHO, and Hispanic survivors.
Two Japanese Infants With Hypothyroidism Following Exposure to Iodinated Contrast Media
Authors: Shimura Kazuhiro , Shibata Hironori , Hasegawa Tomonobu , Ishii Tomohiro 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We report 2 Japanese infants with hypothyroidism requiring levothyroxine (LT4) replacement therapy following exposure to iodinated contrast media (ICM). Patient 1 was born at 32 weeks gestation. He had congenital heart disease and underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) on day 22 (estimated amount of iodine: 600 mg/kg/dose). The newborn mass screening showed normal thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSH) levels at day 4, but high TSH and low free thyroxine levels on retest at day 44. LT4 replacement therapy was administered on days 46 to 74. No hypothyroidism requiring LT4 replacement therapy was observed afterward. The ultrasonography showed a hypoplastic thyroid gland. Patient 2 was born full-term. She had congenital heart disease and underwent contrast-enhanced CT on day 52 (estimated amount of iodine: 1500 mg/kg/dose). The newborn mass screening showed normal TSH levels on day 4, but high TSH levels on retest on day 62. LT4 replacement therapy was administered from day 65 to 3 years of age. Genetic analysis showed a heterozygous variant of DUOX2. Exposure to ICM can result in hypothyroidism, requiring LT4 replacement therapy. The severity of hypothyroidism may depend on risk factors, such as genetic predisposition, preterm birth, thyroid hypoplasia, or early exposure to ICM.
The geometric and dosimetric accuracy of kilovoltage cone beam computed tomography images for adaptive treatment: a systematic review
Authors: Jassim Hussam , Nedaei Hassan A. , Geraily Ghazale , Banaee Nooshin , Kazemian Ali 
Published: February 2023

Objectives: To provide an overview and meta-analysis of different techniques adopted to accomplish kVCBCT for dose calculation and automated segmentation. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed on eligible studies demonstrating kVCBCT-based dose calculation and automated contouring of different tumor features. Meta-analysis of the performance was accomplished on the reported γ analysis and dice similarity coefficient (DSC) score of both collected results as three subgroups (head and neck, chest, and abdomen). Results: After the literature scrutinization (n = 1008), 52 papers were recognized for the systematic review. Nine studies of dosimtric studies and eleven studies of geometric analysis were suitable for inclusion in meta-analysis. Using kVCBCT for treatment replanning depends on a method used. Deformable Image Registration (DIR) methods yielded small dosimetric error (≤2%), γ pass rate (≥90%) and DSC (≥0.8). Hounsfield Unit (HU) override and calibration curve-based methods also achieved satisfactory yielded small dosimetric error (≤2%) and γ pass rate ((≥90%), but they are prone to error due to their sensitivity to a vendor-specific variation in kVCBCT image quality. Conclusions: Large cohorts of patients ought to be undertaken to validate methods achieving low levels of dosimetric and geometric errors. Quality guidelines should be established when reporting on kVCBCT, which include agreed metrics for reporting on the quality of corrected kVCBCT and defines protocols of new site-specific standardized imaging used when obtaining kVCBCT images for adaptive radiotherapy. Advances in knowledge: This review gives useful knowledge about methods making kVCBCT feasible for kVCBCT-based adaptive radiotherapy, simplifying patient pathway and reducing concomitant imaging dose to the patient.
Mortality in rural coastal Kenya measured using the Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System: a 16-year descriptive analysis
Authors: Otiende Mark , Bauni Evasius , Nyaguara Amek , Amadi David , Nyundo Christopher , Tsory Emmanuel , Walumbe David , Kinuthia Michael , Kihuha Norbert , Kahindi Michael , Nyutu Gideon , Moisi Jennifer , Deribew Amare , Agweyu Ambrose , Marsh Kevin , Tsofa Benjamin , Bejon Philip , Bottomley Christian , Williams Thomas N. , Scott J. Anthony G. 
Published: February 2023

Background: The Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System (KHDSS) was established in 2000 to define the incidence and prevalence of local diseases and evaluate the impact of community-based interventions. KHDSS morbidity data have been reported comprehensively but mortality has not been described. This analysis describes mortality in the KHDSS over 16 years. Methods: We calculated mortality rates from 2003–2018 in four intervals of equal duration and assessed differences in mortality across these intervals by age and sex. We calculated the period survival function and median survival using the Kaplan–Meier method and mean life expectancies using abridged life tables. We estimated trend and seasonality by decomposing a time series of monthly mortality rates. We used choropleth maps and random-effects Poisson regression to investigate geographical heterogeneity. Results: Mortality declined by 36% overall between 2003–2018 and by 59% in children aged <5 years. Most of the decline occurred between 2003 and 2006. Among adults, the greatest decline (49%) was observed in those aged 15–54 years. Life expectancy at birth increased by 12 years. Females outlived males by 6 years. Seasonality was only evident in the 1–4 year age group in the first four years. Geographical variation in mortality was ±10% of the median value and did not change over time. Conclusions: Between 2003 and 2018, mortality among children and young adults has improved substantially. The steep decline in 2003–2006 followed by a much slower reduction thereafter suggests improvements in health and wellbeing have plateaued in the last 12 years. However, there is substantial inequality in mortality experience by geographical location.
Time for Change
Authors: Bain Robert 
Published: February 2023

The amount you pay for each mile traveled has long been used to assess the value of toll roads. But new research suggests that in fact, ‘time saved’ might be a better metric Based on the white paper ‘It’s About Time’ by Dr Robert Bain, honorary professor at University College London, and Sylvain Sénéchal, managing director, CS Infrastructure Advisory Group
Development of spatiotemporal channels in infant vision
Authors: Wilson Hugh R. 
Published: February 2023

Over the past several years a consensus has arisen regarding the spatial frequency, orientation, and temporal frequency tuning of adult visual mechanisms in both the fovea and periphery. How do these characteristics develop in the infant visual system? Discussion of this issue focuses on three major hypotheses:
(1) Infant visual development results from the progressive sensitivity increase of mechanisms that otherwise possess adult characteristics.
(2) Infant visual mechanisms are large (or low spatial frequency) versions of their adult counterparts and development consists mainly of a shift of these toward higher spatial frequencies.
(3) Infant visual mechanisms are much more broadly tuned than their adult counterparts due to reduced strength of spatial and temporal inhibition.
Concept of a fundamental tracking frequency for atmospheric turbulence tilt correction
Authors: Tyler Glenn A. 
Published: February 2023

In this work the bandwidth requirements for compensation of the turbulence-induced tilt associated with a ground based telescope used for astronomical observation are studied in detail, Kilmogorov statistics and the Taylor hypothesis are used to develop expressions for the G-tilt and Z-tilt power spectra in the presence of wind. A closed loop servo with a transfer function of the form, H(f) = (1 + if/f3dB)-1 is applied to these disturbances and the one axis one sigma jitter σθ is computed. The analysis illustrates that σθ = (λ/D)(f
T
/f3dB), where λ is the wavelength, D is the telescope diameter, f3dB is the servo bandwidth, and fT is the fundamental tracking frequency for atmospheric turbulence-induced tilt compensation. As a consequence, a servo bandwidth equal to fT results in a one-axis one-sigma jitter equal to the diffraction angle, λ/D. For G-tilt the fundamental tracking frequency is given by

f
T

=
0.331

D

−
1
/
6

λ

−
1

(
sec
ψ
)

1
/
2

[

∫
d

h

C
n
2

(
h
)

V
2

(
h
)

]

1
/
2

where ψ is the zenith angle,

C
n
2

(
⋅
)

is the refractive-index structure constant, and V(·) is the wind velocity profile.
Effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of technology-enabled health interventions for adolescents living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Crowley Talitha , Petinger Charne , van Wyk Brian 
Published: February 2023

Adolescents living with chronic conditions such as HIV (ALHIV) are challenged to remain adherent and engaged in HIV care. Technology offers a promising platform to deliver behaviour-change interventions to adolescents. The largest proportion of ALHIV resides in sub-Saharan Africa; yet little is known about the effectiveness, feasibility and acceptability of technology-enabled interventions to deliver and support health care to ALHIV in resource-constraint settings. This study aims to explore the literature and synthesise the evidence for the effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of technology-enabled health interventions for ALHIV in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Eight electronic databases (Ebscohost, CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct, and Sabinet) and Google Scholar will be searched to identify technology-enabled health interventions for ALHIV in LMIC published from 2010–2022. Quantitative and qualitative studies reporting on technology-enabled health interventions for predominantly adolescents (10–19 years) will be included. The review will be performed, and findings reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Protocols. A two-stage process of screening titles and abstracts, and then full-text, will be performed independently by two reviewers. The quality of the included studies will be assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklists, and the Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies of Interventions tool will be used to assess the risk of bias. The review will involve publications already in the public domain; therefore, ethics approval is not required. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed journal publication and/or conference proceedings.
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022336330.
The impact of resection margin distance on survival and recurrence in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in a retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Obonyo Dennis , Uslar Verena Nicole , Münding Johanna , Weyhe Dirk , Tannapfel Andrea 
Published: February 2023

Background
The prognostic effect of resection margin status following pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains controversial, even with the implementation of standardized pathological assessment. We therefore investigated the impact of resection margin (RM) status and RM distance in curative resected PDAC on overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and recurrence.

Method
108 patients were retrieved from a prospectively maintained database of a certified pancreatic cancer center. Distribution and relationships between circumferential resection margin (CRM) involvement (CRM≤1mm; CRM>1mm; CRM≥2mm) and their prognostic impact on OS and DFS were assessed using Kaplan-Meier statistics and the Log-Rank test. Multivariate logistic regression was used explain the development of a recurrence 12 months after surgery.

Results
63 out of 108 patients had medial RM and 32 posterior RM involvement. There was no significant difference in OS and DFS between CRM≤1mm and CRM>1mm resections. Clearance at the medial margin of ≥2mm had an impact on OS and DFS, (RM≥2mm vs. RM<2mm: median OS 29.8 vs 16.8 months, median DFS 19.6 vs. 10.3 months). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age, medial RM ≥2mm, lymph node status and chemotherapy were prognostic factors for OS and DFS. Posterior RM had no influence on OS or DFS.

Conclusion
Not all RM seem to have the same impact on OS and DFS, and a clearance of 1mm for definition of a negative RM (i.e. CRM>1mm) seems not sufficient. Future studies should include more patients to stratify for potential confounders we could not account for.

Trial registration
This study was registered with the German Clinical Trials Registry (reference number DRKS0017425).
Longitudinal assessment of HCV core antigen kinetics to monitor therapeutic response in the age of DAAs
Authors: Ponnuvel Suresh , Prakash Arul , Steve Runal John , Doss George Priya , Goel Ashish , Zachariah Uday George , Eapen Chundamannil Eapen , Rebekah Grace , Kannangai Rajesh , Fletcher Gnanadurai John , Abraham Priya 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundIn the economy of therapeutic monitoring, an affordable viral marker is essential in the era of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). We elucidated the kinetics of HCVcAg to delineate its precise role in monitoring therapeutic response.MethodsIn this longitudinal study, 3208 patients were tested for HCV RNA. A total of 423 patients were started on DAAs. Treatment response and kinetics of HCVcAg/RNA were assessed in treatment-naïve (n = 383) and previously treated (n = 40) patients with follow-up for 2 years.ResultsAfter the initiation of DAAs, the rate of relapse was significantly higher in the previously treated group than naive group [12.5% (5/40) Vs 2% (7/383), p<0.0001]. The response rate at RVR was significantly higher with HCVcAg than RNA in both groups (p<0.02). The kinetics of HCVcAg and RNA were significantly different at ETR and SVR12 in the naïve (p<0.04), but similar at all therapeutic points in the previously treated group. The correlation between HCVcAg and RNA was good at baseline, ETR and SVR, except RVR in both groups (r>0.6; p<0.0001). Furthermore, HCV genotypes, treatment regimen, CTP (<7/≥7) and MELD (<15/≥15) did not influence the therapeutic response and the viral replication kinetics (p>0.05).ConclusionsIt is the first longitudinal study from India shows that the response rate and kinetics of HCVcAg are comparable to HCV RNA for an extended duration, except at RVR, irrespective of the HCV genotypes, treatment regimen, and liver disease severity. Hence, HCVcAg can be considered as a pragmatic marker to monitor therapeutic response and predict relapse in the era of DAAs.