bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender Ideology, the Far Right, and LGBTQ Politics
Authors: Murib Zein 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
“Gender ideology” rhetoric has diffused globally. Mobilized by a coalition of conservative actors, this discursive innovation helps to fuel the election of far-right politicians who scapegoat LGBTQ people, migrants, racial and ethnic minorities, and women as responsible for economic downturns as well as social and political disorder. This essay outlines the history and current landscape of gender ideology for political scientists and situates it in relation to the rise of far-right and authoritarian regimes globally. It builds on these political trends by concluding with a research agenda for scholars of LGBTQ politics to consider moving forward.
Practical, legal and psychological issues related to the protection of the dead in cases of enforced disappearance
Authors: Citroni Gabriella 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Enforced disappearance and death – and, by extension, the protection of the dead – are related to each other, but this relationship is more nuanced and sensitive that it may initially seem. An automatic equation between the two, as well as the hasty application of presumptions, triggers significant – and often undesirable – practical, legal and psychological consequences. This article explores how this ambiguity is, to a certain extent, unavoidable, and must therefore be reflected in the interpretation of the core international obligations related to enforced disappearance, namely the search for the disappeared, including through inter-State cooperation; investigation aimed at identifying those responsible for the crime, followed by prosecution and sanction; and the provision of psychosocial support and reparations for the harm suffered.
Insights Into Mantle Plume Geochemistry From Machine Learning
Authors: White William M. , Jackson Matthew G. , Hardardottir Sunna 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOceanic island basalts are the products of mantle plume melting and their chemistry provides insights into the Earth's deep interior. We report a statistical and machine learning study of 8 radiogenic isotopes and 19 incompatible trace element ratios in basalts from 27 oceanic island volcanic chains associated with mantle plumes compiled from the GEOROC and EARTHCHEM‐PetDB databases. Machine‐learning hierarchical analysis and agglomerative clustering results based on t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t‐SNE) reveal distinct clusters of isotopic compositions corresponding to canonical ones of HIMU, EM I, EM II, PREMA. and DM as well as a LOND cluster, which however do not reflect the existence of discrete components. The HIMU clan is restricted to only a couple of plumes and is characterized by low K/U, Pb/Ce, Ba/Nb and strong REE fractionation. EM I has higher K/U, Ce/Rb, Ba/Nb and lower U/Pb, Rb/Ba, Rb/Sr than EM II reflecting a difference in prevalent recycled components. Stepwise multiple regression reveals that fractionations of incompatible element ratios can be explained by variations in partial melting controlled by lithospheric thickness and plume buoyancy flux; the latter indicates that buoyancy flux primarily reflects plume temperature. 3He/4He also correlates with plume buoyancy flux, suggesting that the hottest plumes carry the least radiogenic He. The hottest plumes may be those rising from the core‐mantle boundary. This, and the absence of evidence of a primordial mantle reservoir suggest that unradiogenic He may be derived from the core.
Fabrication and modulation of flexible electromagnetic metamaterials
Authors: Feng Yanshuo , Liang Misheng , Zhao Xiaoguang , You Rui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Flexible electromagnetic metamaterials are a potential candidate for the ideal material for electromagnetic control due to their unique physical properties and structure. Flexible electromagnetic metamaterials can be designed to exhibit specific responses to electromagnetic waves within a particular frequency range. Research shows that flexible electromagnetic metamaterials exhibit significant electromagnetic control characteristics in microwave, terahertz, infrared and other frequency bands. It has a wide range of applications in the fields of electromagnetic wave absorption and stealth, antennas and microwave devices, communication information and other fields. In this review, the currently popular fabrication methods of flexible electromagnetic metamaterials are first summarized, highlighting the electromagnetic modulation capability in different frequency bands. Then, the applications of flexible electromagnetic metamaterials in four aspects, namely electromagnetic stealth, temperature modulation, electromagnetic shielding, and wearable sensors, are elaborated and summarized in detail. In addition, this review also discusses the shortcomings and limitations of flexible electromagnetic metamaterials for electromagnetic control. Finally, the conclusion and perspective of the electromagnetic properties of flexible electromagnetic metamaterials are presented.
A dual role of Cohesin in DNA DSB repair
Authors: Fedkenheuer Michael , Shang Yafang , Jung Seolkyoung , Fedkenheuer Kevin , Park Solji , Mazza Davide , Sebastian Robin , Nagashima Hiroyuki , Zong Dali , Tan Hua , Jaiswal Sushil Kumar , Fu Haiqing , Cruz Anthony , Vartak Supriya V. , Wisniewski Jan , Sartorelli Vittorio , O’Shea John J. , Elnitski Laura , Nussenzweig Andre , Aladjem Mirit I. , Meng Fei-Long , Casellas Rafael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cells undergo tens of thousands of DNA-damaging events each day. Defects in repairing double-stranded breaks (DSBs) can lead to genomic instability, contributing to cancer, genetic disorders, immunological diseases, and developmental defects. Cohesin, a multi-subunit protein complex, plays a crucial role in both chromosome organization and DNA repair by creating architectural loops through chromatin extrusion. However, the mechanisms by which cohesin regulates these distinct processes are not fully understood. In this study, we identify two separate roles for cohesin in DNA repair within mammalian cells. First, cohesin serves as an intrinsic architectural factor that normally prevents interactions between damaged chromatin. Second, cohesin has an architecture-independent role triggered by ATM phosphorylation of SMC1, which enhances the efficiency of repair. Our findings suggest that these two functions work together to reduce the occurrence of translocations and deletions associated with non-homologous end joining, thereby maintaining genomic stability.
Bioinspired artificial antioxidases for efficient redox homeostasis and maxillofacial bone regeneration
Authors: Wang Ting , Bai Mingru , Geng Wei , Adeli Mohsen , Ye Ling , Cheng Chong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Reconstructing large, inflammatory maxillofacial defects using stem cell-based therapy faces challenges from adverse microenvironments, including high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inadequate oxygen, and intensive inflammation. Here, inspired by the reaction mechanisms of intracellular antioxidant defense systems, we propose the de novo design of an artificial antioxidase using Ru-doped layered double hydroxide (Ru-hydroxide) for efficient redox homeostasis and maxillofacial bone regeneration. Our studies demonstrate that Ru-hydroxide consists hydroxyls-synergistic monoatomic Ru centers, which efficiently react with oxygen species and collaborate with hydroxyls for rapid proton and electron transfer, thus exhibiting efficient, broad-spectrum, and robust ROS scavenging performance. Moreover, Ru-hydroxide can effectively sustain stem cell viability and osteogenic differentiation in elevated ROS environments, modulating the inflammatory microenvironment during bone tissue regeneration in male mice. We believe this Ru-hydroxide development offers a promising avenue for designing antioxidase-like materials to treat various inflammation-associated disorders, including arthritis, diabetic wounds, enteritis, and bone fractures.
Electrophysiological approaches to informing therapeutic interventions with deep brain stimulation
Authors: Asadi Atefeh , Wiesman Alex I. , Wiest Christoph , Baillet Sylvain , Tan Huiling , Muthuraman Muthuraman 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Neuromodulation therapy comprises a range of non-destructive and adjustable methods for modulating neural activity using electrical stimulations, chemical agents, or mechanical interventions. Here, we discuss how electrophysiological brain recording and imaging at multiple scales, from cells to large-scale brain networks, contribute to defining the target location and stimulation parameters of neuromodulation, with an emphasis on deep brain stimulation (DBS).
Fascin structural plasticity mediates flexible actin bundle construction
Authors: Gong Rui , Reynolds Matthew J. , Carney Keith R. , Hamilton Keith , Bidone Tamara C. , Alushin Gregory M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fascin cross-links actin filaments (F-actin) into bundles that support tubular membrane protrusions including filopodia and stereocilia. Fascin dysregulation drives aberrant cell migration during metastasis, and fascin inhibitors are under development as cancer therapeutics. Here, we use cryo-EM, cryo-electron tomography coupled with custom denoising and computational modeling to probe human fascin-1’s F-actin cross-linking mechanisms across spatial scales. Our fascin cross-bridge structure reveals an asymmetric F-actin binding conformation that is allosterically blocked by the inhibitor G2. Reconstructions of seven-filament hexagonal bundle elements, variability analysis and simulations show how structural plasticity enables fascin to bridge varied interfilament orientations, accommodating mismatches between F-actin’s helical symmetry and bundle hexagonal packing. Tomography of many-filament bundles and modeling uncover geometric rules underlying emergent fascin binding patterns, as well as the accumulation of unfavorable cross-links that limit bundle size. Collectively, this work shows how fascin harnesses fine-tuned nanoscale structural dynamics to build and regulate micron-scale F-actin bundles.
Proximal tubule-on-chip as a model for predicting cation transport and drug transporter dynamics
Authors: Petit Isy , Faucher Quentin , Bernard Jean-Sébastien , Giunchi Perrine , Humeau Antoine , Sauvage François-Ludovic , Marquet Pierre , Védrenne Nicolas , Di Meo Florent 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Deciphering the sources of variability in drug responses requires to understand the processes modulating drug pharmacokinetics. However, pharmacological research suffers from poor reproducibility across clinical, animal, and experimental models. Predictivity can be improved by using Organs-on-Chips, which are more physiological, human-oriented, micro-engineered devices that include microfluidics. OoC are particularly relevant at the fundamental and preclinical stages of drug development by providing more accurate assessment of key pharmacokinetic events. We have developed a proximal tubule-on-a-chip model combining commercial microfluidic and chip technologies. Using the RPTEC/TERT1 cell line, we set up a dual-flow system with antiparallel flows to mimic the dynamics of blood and urine. We assessed transporters mRNA expression, cellular polarization and protein expression via immunofluorescence, and monitored the transcellular transport of prototypic xenobiotics by determining their efflux ratios. Our results show that flow exposure significantly modulate mRNA expression of drug membrane transporters. Dynamic conditions also enhance cell polarization, as evidenced by preferential basal and apical expressions of Na + /K + -ATPase, P-gp, OCT2, and MATE1 , as well as the cellular secretory profile. We demonstrated unidirectional transcellular transport of metformin with a higher efflux than influx ratio, inhibited with OCT2 inhibitor, thus confirming the relevance of our proximal tubule-on-a-chip set up for cation transport investigations. Our proximal tubule-on-a-chip can also be used to explore the interactions between transporters, xenobiotics, and endogenous metabolites, possibly involved in the variability of individual drug responses. This study provides additional evidence that OoC can help bridge the gaps between systemic and local pharmacokinetics.
Sex-modulated association between thyroid stimulating hormone and informant-perceived anxiety in non-depressed older adults: Prediction models and relevant cutoff value
Authors: Hallab Asma 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the association between thyroid function and perceived anxiety in non-depressed older adults. Non-depressed Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants with complete Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI/NPI-Q) were included. The association between anxiety and thyroid function was assessed by logistic regression and sex stratification. Restricted cubic splines were applied to evaluate non-linearity in the association. The median age of 2,114 eligible participants was 73 years (68–78), 1,117 (52.84%) were males, and the median TSH was 1.69 µIU/mL. There was a significant association between TSH and informant-perceived anxiety in the total study population (ORModel1 = 0.86, 95%CI 0.76–0.97, p = 0.011), even after adjusting for bio-demographical (adj.ORModel2 = 0.85, 95%CI 0.75–0.96, p = 0.007), and socio-cognitive confounders (adj.ORModel3 = 0.84, 95%CI 0.73–0.96, p = 0.009). Sex-stratification showed similar significant results in all male-specific models (ORModel1-male = 0.71, 95%CI: 0.58–0.85, p
Model1-male < 0.001). In the general population and males, a TSH value of 2.4 µIU/dL was a significant cutoff under which anxiety odds were significantly high, even after adjusting for confounders. The sex-dependent association between TSH levels and perceived anxiety in non-depressed older adults is a novel finding that has to be further explored for a better understanding of the underlying neurobehavioral biology.
Tattooed human in vitro skin model for testing the biocompatibility of tattoo inks and healing progression after tattooing
Authors: Reddersen Kirsten , Gregersen Deborah Maria , Tittelbach Jörg , Wiegand Cornelia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Tattoos are widespread in the population. Tattoo inks, which contain a variety of ingredients among them hazardous compounds such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals and nanoparticles and that are made for injection into the skin, are not dermatologically tested. New testing systems for evaluation of biocompatibility of tattoo inks as composite products and the tattooing process itself are needed. This paper describes an in vitro 3D human skin model that was tattooed with black and red ink. Biocompatibility including analysis of cytotoxicity, cytokine release, and gene expression patterns of proinflammatory cytokines, proliferation markers, growth factors and structural components was investigated over a period of 7 days. Tattooing of the 3D skin model resulted in a strong inflammatory reaction comparable to in vivo observations that subsided 4 days after treatment. The subsequent healing phase was detectable in the gene expression patterns. Tattooing with two different tattoo inks resulted in distinguishable inflammatory reactions. The described 3D skin model is a useful tool for evaluation of the biocompatibility of tattoo inks and the tattooing process itself and for characterizing the healing process after tattooing.
Inelastic scattering time of electrons in disordered bismuth films: “dirty” limit
Authors: Komnik Yu. F. , Kashirin V. Yu. , Belevtsev B. I. , Belyaev E. Yu. 
Published: January 2025

The behavior of quantum corrections to the magnetic conductivity of thin bismuth films (of thickness ∼ 100 Å) associated with weak localization of electrons is studied in the temperature interval 0.3–10 K under conditions of electron overheating. The experimental data are used to obtain the temperature dependence of the time τeph of electron-phonon energy relaxation and the time τephi corresponding to the electron-phonon contribution to the phase relaxation of electrons. The theoretically predicted attenuation of electron-phonon interaction in the case of the inequality qphl &lt;1 (qph is the wave vector of thermal phonon, and l is the electron mean free path) ensuring the “dirty” limit is detected experimentally for the first time. Two possibilities of realization of “dirty” limit are discussed, viz., an artificial decrease in the mean free path l and a decrease in temperature to a value below the characteristic temperature T2= ħsl,t/kl (sl,t is the phonon velocity) which has a value ≃1K for l≃100 Å. A transition is observed from the dependence τeph −1∝T3 to τeph1∝T4 is observed at a temperature of 1.2 K, which is in accord with the estimated value of T2 for the investigated objects.
A review of 3D particle tracking and flow diagnostics using Digital Holography
Authors: M Shyam Kumar , Hong Jiarong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Advanced three-dimensional (3D) tracking methods are essential for studying particle dynamics across a wide range of complex systems, including multiphase flows, environmental and atmospheric sciences, colloidal science, biological and medical research, and industrial manufacturing processes. This review provides a comprehensive summary of 3D particle tracking and flow diagnostics using Digital Holography (DH). We begin by introducing the principles of DH, accompanied by a detailed discussion on numerical reconstruction. The review then explores various hardware setups used in DH, including inline, off-axis, and dual or multiple-view configurations, outlining their advantages and limitations. We also delve into different hologram processing methods, categorized into traditional multi-step, inverse, and machine learning-based approaches, providing in-depth insights into their applications for 3D particle tracking and flow diagnostics across multiple studies. The review concludes with a discussion on future prospects, emphasizing the significant role of machine learning in enabling accurate DH-based particle tracking and flow diagnostic techniques across diverse fields, such as manufacturing, environmental monitoring, and biological sciences.
Phase transitions and minimal interfaces on manifolds with conical singularities
Authors: Grieser Daniel , Held Sina , Uecker Hannes , Vertman Boris 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Using Γ–convergence, we study the Cahn–Hilliard problem with interface width parameter

ε

>

0

for phase transitions on manifolds with conical singularities. We prove that minimizers of the corresponding energy functional exist and converge, as

ε

→

0

, to a function that takes only two values with an interface along a hypersurface that has minimal area among those satisfying a volume constraint. In a numerical example, we use continuation and bifurcation methods to study families of critical points at small

ε

>

0

on 2D elliptical cones, parameterized by height and ellipticity of the base. Some of these critical points are minimizers with interfaces crossing the cone tip. On the other hand, we prove that interfaces which are minimizers of the perimeter functional, corresponding to ɛ = 0, never pass through the cone tip for general cones with angle less than 2π. Thus tip minimizers for finite

ε

>

0

must become saddles as

ε

→

0

, and we numerically identify the associated bifurcation, finding a delicate interplay of

ε

>

0

and the cone parameters in our example.
Muon $g-2$ with $SU(2)_L$ multiplets
Authors: Nomura Takaaki , Okada Hiroshi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We propose a simple model to obtain sizable muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment (muon $g-2$) introducing several $SU(2)_L$ multiplet fields without any additional symmetries. The neutrino mass matrix is simply induced via type-II seesaw scenario in terms of $SU(2)_L$ triplet Higgs with $U(1)_Y$ hypercharge 1. In addition, we introduce an $SU(2)_L$ quartet vector fermion with $1/2$ hypercharge and scalar with $3/2$ hypercharge. The quartet fermion plays a crucial role in explaining muon $g-2$ causing the chiral flip inside a loop diagram with mixing between triplet and quartet scalar bosons via the standard model Higgs. We show numerical analysis and search for allowed region in our parameter space, and demonstrate the collider physics.Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.
Dual-band tunable absorber based on graphene-ITO composite metasurface
Authors: Wang Pan , Han Wenlong , Wang Qilong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper proposes a dual-band tunable absorber based on a graphene-ITO composite metasurface, which consists of a patterned graphene sandwich structure, a cross-shaped indium tin oxide patch, a polyvinyl chloride medium, and an indium tin oxide backplane. The square resistance of graphene is dynamically controlled by DC bias, and the absorption frequency can be dynamically tuned in the C (5.78-7.44 GHz) and Ku (14.7-15.74 GHz) bands. In addition, the absorber is also flexible, transparent, and polarization-insensitive. The proposed absorber may find applications in the fields of electromagnetic interference resistance and electromagnetic pollution control.
A data-driven model for quantifying how maize yields in North-East China respond to summer climate
Authors: Cottrell Andrew , Pope Edward , Davie Jemma , Zhang Peiqun , Falloon Pete , Crocker Tom , Bradshaw Catherine , Bacon James 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We demonstrate a data-driven approach that gives skilful annual predictions of province-scale maize yield across China’s Northeast Farming Region (NFR), using the June – August (JJA) mean temperature and total precipitation as predictors. Our work builds on a method used to explore climate-related risks to maize production in the USA and South Africa. The approach uses a two-dimensional Gaussian function to parametrise the relationship between the detrended maize yields and summer climate conditions, which allows for non-linear growth responses to the individual climate variables. To enable skilful annual yield predictions we extend the approach in three ways: i) testing and validating out-of-sample yield and yield shock predictions; ii) introducing partial pooling of data across the provinces to allow for systematic differences between them, resulting in more robust model parameter estimation; iii) iterative correction of biases introduced by yield detrending procedures. Maximal yields occur for mean JJA temperature 21–22 °C and total JJA rainfall 400 mm (corresponding to monthly rainfall totals of ~130 mm), which broadly agree with previous applications of similar approaches in different countries, giving confidence that the approach is robust despite inherent approximations. The model also demonstrates skilful retrospective forecasts of province area-average maize yield, giving out-of-sample Pearson correlations of ~ 0.6 (statistically significant at 99.9% level) between forecasts and observations for 1979-2016. Furthermore, including the August Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) as an extra predictor improves out-of-sample predictions for low yield events (e.g. yields at least 10% below average) associated with adverse climate conditions, as occurred in Liaoning in 2000. The extended modelling framework can provide maize yield predictions using either weather observations or seasonal climate forecasts, and offers the potential for climate services that could help manage impacts on the food system due to adverse weather conditions.