bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MedMNIST v2 - A large-scale lightweight benchmark for 2D and 3D biomedical image classification
Authors: Yang Jiancheng , Shi Rui , Wei Donglai , Liu Zequan , Zhao Lin , Ke Bilian , Pfister Hanspeter , Ni Bingbing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe introduce MedMNIST v2, a large-scale MNIST-like dataset collection of standardized biomedical images, including 12 datasets for 2D and 6 datasets for 3D. All images are pre-processed into a small size of 28 × 28 (2D) or 28 × 28 × 28 (3D) with the corresponding classification labels so that no background knowledge is required for users. Covering primary data modalities in biomedical images, MedMNIST v2 is designed to perform classification on lightweight 2D and 3D images with various dataset scales (from 100 to 100,000) and diverse tasks (binary/multi-class, ordinal regression, and multi-label). The resulting dataset, consisting of 708,069 2D images and 9,998 3D images in total, could support numerous research/educational purposes in biomedical image analysis, computer vision, and machine learning. We benchmark several baseline methods on MedMNIST v2, including 2D/3D neural networks and open-source/commercial AutoML tools. The data and code are publicly available at https://medmnist.com/.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata
Authors: Yan Junjie , Zhang Chaowei , Zhang Mengdi , Zhou Hang , Zuo Zhangqi , Ding Xinhua , Zhang Runzhi , Li Fei , Gao Yulin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) is one of the most notorious insect pests of potatoes globally. Here, we generated a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of L. decemlineata using a combination of the PacBio HiFi sequencing and Hi-C scaffolding technologies. The genome assembly (−1,008 Mb) is anchored to 18 chromosomes (17 + XO), with a scaffold N50 of 58.32 Mb. It contains 676 Mb repeat sequences and 29,606 protein-coding genes. The chromosome-level genome assembly of L. decemlineata provides in-depth knowledge and will be a helpful resource for the beetle and invasive biology research communities.
Validity of outcome measures used in randomized clinical trials and observational studies in degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: Wertli M. M. , Rossi D. , Burgstaller J. M. , Held U , Ulrich N. H. , Farshad M. , Steurer J. , Brunner F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt is unclear whether outcome measures used in degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) have been validated for this condition. Cross-sectional analysis of studies for DLSS included in systematic reviews (SA) and meta-analyses (MA) indexed in the Cochrane Library. We extracted all outcome measures for pain and disability. We assessed whether the studies provided external references for the validity of the outcome measures and the quality of the validation studies. Out of 20 SA/MA, 95 primary studies used 242 outcome measures for pain and/or disability. Most commonly used were the VAS (n = 69), the Oswestry Disability Index (n = 53) and the Zurich Claudication Questionnaire (n = 22). Although validation references were provided in 45 (47.3%) primary studies, only 14 validation studies for 9 measures (disability n = 7, pain and disability combined n = 2) were specifically validated in a DLSS population. The quality of the validation studies was mainly poor. The Zurich Claudication Questionnaire was the only disease specific tool with adequate validation for assessing treatment response in DLSS. To compare results from clinical studies, outcome measures need to be validated in a disease specific population. The quality of validation studies need to be improved and the validity in studies adequately cited.
Inference of monopartite networks from bipartite systems with different link types
Authors: Baltakys Kestutis 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMany of the real-world data sets can be portrayed as bipartite networks. Since connections between nodes of the same type are lacking, they need to be inferred. The standard way to do this is by converting the bipartite networks to their monopartite projection. However, this simple approach renders an incomplete representation of all the information in the original network. To this end, we propose a new statistical method to identify the most critical links in the bipartite network projection. Our method takes into account the heterogeneity of node connections. Moreover, it can handle situations where links of different types are present. We compare our method against the state-of-the-art and illustrate the findings with synthetic data and empirical examples of investor and political data.
Universal properties of non-Hermitian viscoelastic channel flows
Authors: Li Yuke , Steinberg Victor 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAn addition of long-chain, flexible polymers strongly affects laminar and turbulent Newtonian flows. In laminar inertia-less viscoelastic channel flow, the supercritical elastic instability of non-normal eigenmodes of non-Hermitian equations at finite-size perturbations leads to chaotic flow. Then three chaotic flow regimes: transition, elastic turbulence (ET), and drag reduction (DR), accompanied by elastic waves, are observed and characterized. Here we show that independently of external perturbation strength and structure, chaotic flows above the instability onset in transition, ET, and DR flow regimes reveal similar scaling of flow properties, universal scaling of elastic wave speed with Weissenberg number, Wi, defined the degree of polymer stretching, and the coherent structure of velocity fluctuations, self-organized into cycling self-sustained process, synchronized by elastic waves. These properties persist over the entire channel length above the instability threshold. It means that only an absolute instability exists in inertia-less viscoelastic channel flow, whereas a convective instability, is absent. This unexpected discovery is in sharp contrast with Newtonian flows, where both convective and absolute instabilities are always present in open flows. It occurs due to differences in nonlinear terms in an elastic stress equation, where except for the advective term, two key terms describing polymer stretching along the channel length are present.
Breaking the tight genetic linkage between the a1 and sh2 genes led to the development of anthocyanin-rich purple-pericarp super-sweetcorn
Authors: Anirban Apurba , Hayward Alice , Hong Hung T. , Masouleh Ardashir Kharabian , Henry Robert J. , O’Hare Tim J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe existence of purple-pericarp super-sweetcorn based on the supersweet mutation, shrunken2 (sh2), has not been previously reported, due to its extremely tight genetic linkage to a non-functional anthocyanin biosynthesis gene, anthocyaninless1 (a1). Generally, pericarp-pigmented starchy purple corn contains significantly higher anthocyanin. The development of purple-pericarp super-sweetcorn is dependent on breaking the a1–sh2 tight genetic linkage, which occurs at a very low frequency of < 1 in 1000 meiotic crossovers. Here, to develop purple-pericarp super-sweetcorn, an initial cross between a male purple-pericarp maize, ‘Costa Rica’ (A1Sh2.A1Sh2) and a female white shrunken2 super-sweetcorn, ‘Tims-white’ (a1sh2.a1sh2), was conducted. Subsequent self-pollination based on purple-pericarp-shrunken kernels identified a small frequency (0.08%) of initial heterozygous F3 segregants (A1a1.sh2sh2) producing a fully sh2 cob with a purple-pericarp phenotype, enabled by breaking the close genetic linkage between the a1 and sh2 genes. Resulting rounds of self-pollination generated a F6 homozygous purple-pericarp super-sweetcorn (A1A1.sh2sh2) line, ‘Tim1’. Genome sequencing revealed a recombination break between the a1 and yz1 genes of the a1–yz1-x1–sh2  multigenic interval. The novel purple-pericarp super-sweetcorn produced a similar concentration of anthocyanin and sugar as in its purple-pericarp maize and white super-sweetcorn parents, respectively, potentially adding a broader range of health benefits than currently exists with standard yellow/white sweetcorn.
Fasting plasma glucose level-based formula for estimating starting daily dose in basal-bolus insulin therapy
Authors: Nagao Mototsugu , Harada Taro , Tanimura-Inagaki Kyoko , Kobayashi Shunsuke , Fukuda Izumi , Sugihara Hitoshi , Oikawa Shinichi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThere is no standard formula for estimating the starting daily dose (SDD) of basal-bolus insulin therapy (BBT). We aimed to develop a formula for estimating SDD and evaluate its efficacy and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized for BBT. In the first study (n = 104), we retrospectively analyzed the relationship between peak daily dose (PDD) during hospitalization and clinical parameters. The PDD was significantly associated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (R = 0.449, P < 0.0001) and HbA1c levels (R = 0.384, P < 0.0001) but not body weight, body mass index, body surface area, or serum C-peptide levels. Based on the results, we developed a formula for estimating SDD using FPG levels: SDD (U/day) = 0.08 × FPG (mg/dL). In the second study (n = 405), we assessed efficacy and safety of the formula by evaluating the M-value from the daily glucose profile and assessing the frequency of hypoglycemia (blood glucose level < 70 mg/dL). When BBT was initiated using the FPG level-based formula, the M-values decreased from 61.0 ± 52.8 to 12.8 ± 10.8 (P < 0.0001), and hypoglycemia was observed in only 3/405 cases (0.74%) under the SDD. The FPG level-based formula is useful for estimating SDD in BBT and is safe for clinical use.
The Role of the Gut Microbiome on the Development of Surgical Site Infections
Authors: Krezalek Monika A. , Alverdy John C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite advances in antisepsis techniques, surgical site infection remains the most common and most costly reason for hospital readmission after surgery. Wound infections are conventionally thought to be directly caused by wound contamination. However, despite strict adherence to surgical site infection prevention techniques and bundles, these infections continue to occur at high rates. The contaminant theory of surgical site infection fails to predict and explain most postoperative infections and still remains unproven. In this article we provide evidence that the process of surgical site infection development is far more complex than what can be explained by simple bacterial contamination and hosts' ability to clear the contaminating pathogen. We show a link between the intestinal microbiome and distant surgical site infections, even in the absence of intestinal barrier breach. We discuss the Trojan-horse mechanisms by which surgical wounds may become seeded by pathogens from within one's own body and the contingencies that need to be met for an infection to develop.
Crystal nucleation in a glass during relaxation well below Tg
Authors: Abyzov Alexander S. , Fokin Vladimir M. , Yuritsyn Nikolay S. , Nascimento Marcio L. F. , Schmelzer Jürn W. P. , Zanotto Edgar D. 
Published: January 2023

Until quite recently, in almost all papers on crystal nucleation in glass-forming substances, it was assumed that nucleation proceeds in a completely relaxed supercooled liquid and, hence, at constant values of the critical parameters determining the nucleation rate for any given set of temperature, pressure, and composition. Here, we analyze the validity of this hypothesis for a model system by studying nucleation in a lithium silicate glass treated for very long times (up to 250 days) in deeply supercooled states, reaching 60 K below the laboratory glass transition temperature, T g. At all temperatures in the considered range, T < T g, we observed an enormous difference between the experimental number of nucleated crystals, N( t), and its theoretically expected value computed by assuming the metastable state of the relaxing glass has been reached. Analyzing the origin of this discrepancy, we confirmed that the key parameters determining the nucleation rates change with time as a result of the glass relaxation process. Finally, we demonstrate that, for temperatures below 683 K, this particular glass almost fully crystallizes prior to reaching the ultimate steady-state nucleation regime (e.g., at 663 K, it would take 176 years for the glass to reach 99% crystallization, while 2600 years would be needed for complete relaxation). This comprehensive study proves that structural relaxation strongly affects crystal nucleation in deeply supercooled states at temperatures well below T g; hence, this phenomenon has to be accounted for in any crystal nucleation model.
Arginine–vasopressin-expressing neurons in the murine suprachiasmatic nucleus exhibit a circadian rhythm in network coherence in vivo
Authors: Stowie Adam , Qiao Zhimei , Buonfiglio Daniella Do Carmo , Beckner Delaney M. , Ehlen J. Christopher , Benveniste Morris , Davidson Alec J. 
Published: January 2023

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is composed of functionally distinct subpopulations of GABAergic neurons which form a neural network responsible for synchronizing most physiological and behavioral circadian rhythms in mammals. To date, little is known regarding which aspects of SCN rhythmicity are generated by individual SCN neurons, and which aspects result from neuronal interaction within a network. Here, we utilize in vivo miniaturized microscopy to measure fluorescent GCaMP-reported calcium dynamics in arginine vasopressin (AVP)-expressing neurons in the intact SCN of awake, behaving mice. We report that SCN AVP neurons exhibit periodic, slow calcium waves which we demonstrate, using in vivo electrical recordings, likely reflect burst firing. Further, we observe substantial heterogeneity of function in that AVP neurons exhibit unstable rhythms, and relatively weak rhythmicity at the population level. Network analysis reveals that correlated cellular behavior, or coherence, among neuron pairs also exhibited stochastic rhythms with about 33% of pairs rhythmic at any time. Unlike single-cell variables, coherence exhibited a strong rhythm at the population level with time of maximal coherence among AVP neuronal pairs at CT/ZT 6 and 9, coinciding with the timing of maximal neuronal activity for the SCN as a whole. These results demonstrate robust circadian variation in the coordination between stochastically rhythmic neurons and that interactions between AVP neurons in the SCN may be more influential than single-cell activity in the regulation of circadian rhythms. Furthermore, they demonstrate that cells in this circuit, like those in many other circuits, exhibit profound heterogenicity of function over time and space.
The Spanish and the Portuguese Present Perfect in Discourse
Authors: Müller Lukas 
Published: January 2023

This monograph presents a theoretical and empirical study of the Spanish and the Portuguese Present Perfect (PP). The innovative claim is that the two tense forms operate in the field of tension between temporal quantification and temporal reference. Based on this approach, it presents the first in-depth study that explicitly takes into account the level of discourse. The following questions are investigated: How do the Spanish and the Portuguese PP interact with discursive factors, such as adjacent tense forms? What kind of discursive meaning do they generate? Which diachronic trends do their discourse functions reveal? It is argued that while the Spanish PP tends to a referential drift (traditionally labelled as an aoristic drift), the Portuguese PP tends to preserve and specialize its quantificational meaning. The book is of interest to all those working on the Present Perfect or generally in the field of tense and aspect in discourse.

Winner of the Elise Richter Prize by the 'Deutscher Romanistikverband'(https://www.deutscher-romanistikverband.de/preise-und-foerderlinien/elise-richter-preis/)
Winner of the Georg-Rudolf-Lind Prize by the 'Deutscher Lusitanistenverband' (http://lusitanistenverband.de/foerderpreis/preistraeger-2023/)
Narrative processing and the forms and functions of aggressive behavior
Authors: Song Qingfang , Lent Maria , Murray-Close Dianna , Suo Tong , Wang Qi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study investigated the associations of narrative processing while recounting a past victimization experience
with different forms (i.e., physical and relational) and functions (i.e., reactive vs proactive) of aggressive behavior.
Moderating effects of respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity and gender were explored. Two hundred college students participated
in a semi-structured laboratory interview about a past victimization event, during which their respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA)
and narrative processing (i.e., perpetrator hostility evaluation, narrative coherence, and positive resolution) were assessed.
Participants reported their tendency to engage in aggressive behaviors. Findings indicated that low narrative coherence and high
perpetrator hostility evaluation, respectively, in combination with RSA activation, were associated with reactive physical
aggression in men but not in women. Perpetrator hostility evaluation was also associated with reactive relational aggression for
both men and women. Findings shed critical light on the joint influences of narrative processing, physiological reactivity, and
gender in subtypes of aggressive behavior.
Dynamic resistance and total loss in small REBCO pancake and racetrack coils carrying DC currents under an AC magnetic field
Authors: Sun Yueming , You Shuangrong , Badcock Rodney A , Long Nicholas J , Jiang Zhenan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In many high-temperature superconducting applications, REBCO (Rare-earth barium copper oxide) coils carry DC currents under AC magnetic fields, such as the field winding of rotating machines, linear synchronous motors and the electro-dynamic suspension system of maglev. In such operating conditions, REBCO coils generate AC loss—total loss which includes the magnetization loss due to the shielding currents, and the dynamic loss arising from dynamic resistance caused by the interaction of DC currents and AC magnetic fields. In this work, dynamic resistance and total loss in a small double pancake coil (DPC) and a small double racetrack coil (DRC) are investigated via experiments in the temperature range between 77 K and 65 K. The DC currents are varied from zero to 70% of the self-field critical currents of the REBCO coils, with AC magnetic fields up to 100 mT. The experimental results in the DPC are well supported by the finite element simulation results using 3D T-A formulation. Our results show that the critical current of the DRC is approximately 2%–5% higher than that of the DPC in the temperature range. For given experimental conditions, the magnetization loss in both coils is much greater than the dynamic loss. The dynamic loss and magnetization loss in the DRC are greater than those in the DPC, which we attribute to the large perpendicular magnetic field component in the straight sections of the DRC.
Peripheral low-density granulocytes after colorectal cancer surgery in predicting recurrence
Authors: Futoh Yurie , Kumagai Yuko , Miyato Hideyo , Ozawa Hideyuki , Kanamaru Rihito , Sadatomo Ai , Ohnishi Yasuharu , Koinuma Koji , Horie Hisanaga , Yamaguchi Hironori , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Sata Naohiro , Kitayama Joji 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Low-density granulocytes (LDGs) have been shown to be increased in the peripheral blood of patients with inflammatory and malignant diseases. This study evaluated LDGs in patients who underwent radical surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC) and their impact on survival.

Methods
Patients who underwent radical colectomy between 2017 to 2021 were screened for enrolment in the study. Peripheral blood was obtained in the operating room before and after surgery and cells were recovered from the mononuclear layer after density gradient preparations. The ratio of CD66b(+) LDG to CD45(+) leukocytes was determined with flow cytometry, and the association of the ratios with patient outcomes was examined. The main outcome of interest was recurrence-free survival (RFS).

Results
Out of 228 patients treated, 176 were enrolled, including 108 colonic and 68 rectal cancers. Overall, 38 patients were stage I, 30 were stage II, 72 were stage 3, and 36 were stage IV. The number of LDGs was markedly increased immediately after surgery and the proportion of LDGs correlated positively with operating time (r = 0.2806, P &lt; 0.001) and intraoperative blood loss (r = 0.1838, P = 0.014). Purified LDGs produced high amounts of neutrophil extracellular traps after short-term culture and efficiently trapped tumour cells in vitro. The proportion of postoperative LDGs was significantly higher in 13 patients who developed recurrence (median 9 (range 1.63–47.0)) per cent versus median 2.93 ((range 0.035–59.45) per cent, P = 0.013). When cut-off values were set at 4.9 per cent, a higher proportion of LDGs was strongly and independently associated with decreased RFS (P = 0.005). In patients with stage III disease, adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved RFS of patients with high ratios of LDGs, but not low LDGs.

Conclusion
LDGs are recruited to circulating blood by surgical stress early in the postoperative interval after colectomy for colonic cancer and their postoperative proportion is correlated with recurrence.
Prevalence, incidence, repair rate, and morbidity of groin hernias in Sierra Leone: cross-sectional household study
Authors: Lindenbergh Karel C , van Duinen Alex J , Ahlbäck Johan G , Kamoh Joseph , Bah Silleh , Ashley Thomas , Löfgren Jenny , Grobusch Martin P , Sankoh Osman , Bolkan Håkon A ,   PRESSCO 2020 study group
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Knowledge about the prevalence of groin hernias in sub-Saharan Africa is limited. Previous studies have demonstrated a higher incidence of the condition than the annual repair rate. This study aimed to investigate prevalence, incidence, annual repair rate, morbidity, and health-seeking behaviour of persons with groin hernias in Sierra Leone.

Methods
This population-based, cross-sectional household survey on groin hernias in Sierra Leone was part of the Prevalence Study on Surgical Conditions 2020 (PRESSCO 2020). Those who indicated possible groin hernia were asked problem-specific questions and underwent physical examination to confirm or exclude the diagnosis.

Results
3626 study participants were interviewed. The prevalence of untreated groin hernia was 1.1 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 0.8 to 1.5 per cent), whereas the prevalence of untreated and treated groin hernia was 2.5 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 2.0 to 3.0 per cent). The proportion of recurrence was 13.1 per cent. An incidence of 389 (95 per cent c.i. 213 to 652) groin hernia cases per 100 000 people per year was identified, while a population-based annual hernia repair rate estimation was 470 (95 per cent c.i. 350 to 620) per 100 000 people. Out of 39 participants with groin hernia, non-ignorable pain was reported by eight and 27 reported financial shortcomings as a reason for not seeking healthcare.

Conclusions
Groin hernias are common in Sierra Leone and although the repair rate might match the incidence, the existing backlog of untreated hernias is likely to remain. It may be possible to reduce the number of recurrences through improved management. Measures to reduce financial barriers to treatment seem crucial to improve the health of people with groin hernias in Sierra Leone.