bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Emerging Value of Circular Noncoding RNA Research in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Jagtap Urmila , Anderson Erik S. , Slack Frank J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNA) are a recently described class of RNA molecules that have attracted substantial attention as new components of disease mechanisms and as potential biomarkers in multiple diseases, including cancer. CircRNAs are often highly conserved and exhibit developmental stage- and disease-specific expression. Several studies have reported circRNA expression patterns that are associated with specific cancer types and with patient prognosis. Here, we overview the active registered clinical trials that investigate the value of circRNAs as cancer biomarkers and discuss the potential of circRNAs in clinical cancer care. Taken together, circRNAs are actively being investigated as diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic biomarkers, and their potential to serve as therapeutic intervention points motivates ongoing translational and clinical research.
Discovery of Podofilox as a Potent cGAMP–STING Signaling Enhancer with Antitumor Activity
Authors: Han Jing , Hu Shuiqing , Hu Yawei , Xu Yifang , Hou Yanfei , Yang Yinlong , Su Huili , Zhang Zhengyin , Liu Peng , Sun Xuxu , Zhang Conggang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Cyclic GMP–AMP (cGAMP) is a second messenger that activates the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) innate immune pathway to induce the expression of type I IFNs and other cytokines. Pharmacologic activation of STING is considered a potent therapeutic strategy in cancer. In this study, we used a cell-based phenotypic screen and identified podophyllotoxin (podofilox), a microtubule destabilizer, as a robust enhancer of the cGAMP–STING signaling pathway. We found that podofilox enhanced the cGAMP-mediated immune response by increasing STING-containing membrane puncta and the extent of STING oligomerization. Furthermore, podofilox changed the trafficking pattern of STING and delayed trafficking-mediated STING degradation. Importantly, the combination of cGAMP and podofilox had profound antitumor effects on mice by activating the immune response through host STING signaling. Together, these data provide insights into the regulation of cGAMP–STING pathway activation and demonstrate what we believe to be a novel approach for modulating this pathway and thereby promoting antitumor immunity.
New Procuratorial Role in Marine Environmental Public Interest Litigation
Authors: Zou Keyuan , Niu Bingru 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Recent developments in marine environmental public interest litigation in China raise questions about the procedure and operation of the procuratorial organ – a body that can support public interest aspects of litigation. This article examines the legal basis of public interest litigation in both a civil and criminal context. It considers the practice of other States, including the United States, as a point of comparison. A key issue is to determine the meaning of public interest, and how this relates to national or social interests, since this will influence the work of procuratorial organs.
Site as Archive in Company SJ’s The Women Speak
Authors: Duane Chloé 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article focuses on Company SJ’s The Women Speak as performed at the National Ballroom, Dublin, in 2015, and explores how a space, including through social relations and through its position in a cultural landscape, can function as a form of archive when utilized as the site of a theatrical performance. The article investigates how Company SJ’s site-specific production (which features performances of Not I, Footfalls, Rockaby and Come and Go) functioned as a kind of archive, an archaeological record of human interaction, which was framed by the scenographic design to prompt and draw on the audience’s embodied responses.
A Theoretical War: Accounting for American Imperialism in the Middle East
Authors: Mundy Jacob 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This review surveys two decades of academic research on the question of contemporary imperialism and holds it up against the historical record of America’s increasingly violent entanglements in the Middle East over the course of the previous half century, though particularly since 2001. While early contributions to this literature emerged from a different context than the one they often sought or were expected to explain, others attributed a simplistic and problematic understanding of the relationship between US foreign policy and the political-economy of petroleum. Later contributions then eschewed a close analysis of imperialism in the Middle East in favor of a broader accounting of the dynamics of global capitalism. This review ultimately critiques the widespread assumption that the vitality of hegemony and capital must be assessed in relation to their ability to secure control and homogenous conditions of reproduction. A more robust understanding must be based in an approach that views the economic and the political not as fundamental units of analysis but as sites of struggle in the historical and contemporary constitution of imperialism.
Recent High Missouri River Basin Runoff Was Unlikely Caused by Climate Change
Authors: Hoell Andrew , Hoerling Martin , Quan Xiao-Wei , Robinson Rachel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
October–September runoff increased 6% and 17% in the upper (UMRB) and lower (LMRB) Missouri River basins, respectively, in a recent (1990–2019) climate in comparison with a past (1960–89) climate. The runoff increases were unanticipated, given various projections for semipermanent drought and/or aridification in the North American Great Plains. Here, five transient coupled climate model ensembles are used to diagnose the effects of natural internal variability and anthropogenic climate change on the observed runoff increases and to project UMRB and LMRB runoff to the mid-twenty-first century. The runoff increases observed in the recent climate in comparison with the past climate were not due to anthropogenic climate change but rather resulted mostly from an extreme occurrence of internal multidecadal variability. High runoff resulted from large, mostly internally generated, precipitation increases (6% in the UMRB and 5% in the LMRB) that exceeded simulated increases attributable to climate change forcing alone (0%–2% intermodel range). The precipitation elasticity of runoff, which relates runoff sensitivity to precipitation differences in the recent climate in comparison with the past climate, led to one–threefold and two–fourfold amplifications of runoff versus precipitation in the UMRB and LMRB, respectively. Without the observed precipitation increases in the recent climate in comparison with the past climate, effects of human-induced warming of about 1°C would alone have most likely induced runoff declines of 7% and 13% in the UMRB and LMRB, respectively. Ensemble model simulations overwhelmingly project lower UMRB and LRMB runoff by 2050 when compared with 1990–2019, a change found to be insensitive to whether individual realizations experienced high flows in the recent climate.

Significance Statement
Declines in Missouri River basin runoff under climate change pose serious threats to communities that depend on riverine transport, irrigated agriculture, and aquatic recreation. Concerns arising from reports and projections of semipermanent drought in the basin have yet to be realized; observed runoff was greater in a recent climate (1990–2019) than in a past climate (1960–89). We found that the observed runoff increase from past to recent climates was due not to anthropogenic influences but rather to internal multidecadal variability that led to unlikely precipitation increases (<10% probability) that overwhelmed the drying effect of warming temperatures. Model simulations indicate that a modest reduction in runoff of ∼7%–15% was most likely from the past climate to the recent climate.
Connections between Upper Tropospheric and Lower Stratospheric Circulation Responses to Increased CO2
Authors: Menzel Molly E. , Waugh Darryn W. , Orbe Clara 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
There are myriad ways atmospheric circulation responds to increased CO2. In the troposphere, the region of the tropical upwelling narrows, the Hadley cells expand, and the upper-level subtropical zonal winds that comprise the subtropical jet strengthen. In the stratosphere, the tropical upwelling narrows and strengthens, enhancing the Brewer–Dobson circulation. Despite the robustness of these projections, dynamical coupling between the features remains unclear. In this study, we analyze output from the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) ModelE coupled climate model to examine any connection between the upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric circulation by considering the features’ seasonality, hemispheric asymmetry, scaling, and transient response to a broad range of CO2 forcings. We find that a narrowing and strengthening of upper tropospheric upwelling occurs with a strengthening of the subtropical jet. There is also a narrowing and strengthening of lower stratospheric upwelling that is related to an equatorward shift in critical latitude for wave breaking and the associated strengthening of the subtropical lower stratosphere’s zonal winds. However, the stratospheric responses display different seasonal, hemispheric, and transient patterns than those in the troposphere, indicating independent circulation changes between the two domains.
Effects of Wind-Induced Error on the Climatology and Trends of Observed Precipitation in China from 1960 to 2018
Authors: Li Yun , Wang Kaicun , Wu Guocan , Mao Yuna 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Since the 1950s, precipitation has been measured at national weather stations in China using national standard precipitation gauges. Gauges without a wind fence can significantly underestimate precipitation amounts, while this undercatch bias is closely related to surface wind speed and precipitation type. The observed surface wind speed across China has substantially declined during the past decades. Therefore, this study investigated the wind-induced error of the observed precipitation and its impact on regional and national mean trends in precipitation over China due to the reduction in surface wind speed. It was found that the wind-induced error for the mean annual precipitation nationwide was 29.28 mm yr−1, accounting for 3.92% of total precipitation amount. The variation of precipitation at the regional scale was large but the trends were both positive and negative, approximately cancelling at the national level and resulting in a small national mean trend. The raw observation data showed that the national mean precipitation increased at a rate of 1.85 mm yr−1 (10 a)−1 from 1960 to 2018, which was reduced to 0.33 mm yr−1 (10 a)−1 after correction, demonstrating that the correction of wind-induced error had an important impact on the trend of annual precipitation. Meanwhile, the reduction of surface wind speed was consistent at both the regional and national levels. On average, the wind-induced errors decreased at rates of −1.52, −1.34, and −0.14 mm yr−1 (10 a)−1 for total precipitation, rainfall, and snowfall, respectively. It illustrates that the decreases of the wind-induced error result in the increasing precipitation of raw observation.
The Impact of Forecast Inconsistency and Probabilistic Forecasts on Users’ Trust and Decision-Making
Authors: Burgeno Jessica N. , Joslyn Susan L. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
When forecasts for a major weather event begin days in advance, updates may be more accurate but inconsistent with the original forecast. Evidence suggests that resulting inconsistency may reduce user trust. However, adding an uncertainty estimate to the forecast may attenuate any loss of trust due to forecast inconsistency, as has been shown with forecast inaccuracy. To evaluate this hypothesis, this experiment tested the impact on trust of adding probabilistic snow-accumulation forecasts to single-value forecasts in a series of original and revised forecast pairs (based on historical records) that varied in both consistency and accuracy. Participants rated their trust in the forecasts and used them to make school-closure decisions. One-half of the participants received single-value forecasts, and one-half also received the probability of 6 in. or more (decision threshold in the assigned task). As with previous research, forecast inaccuracy was detrimental to trust, although probabilistic forecasts attenuated the effect. Moreover, the inclusion of probabilistic forecasts allowed participants to make economically better decisions. Surprisingly, in this study inconsistency increased rather than decreased trust, perhaps because it alerted participants to uncertainty and led them to make more cautious decisions. Furthermore, the positive effect of inconsistency on trust was enhanced by the inclusion of probabilistic forecast. This work has important implications for practical settings, suggesting that both probabilistic forecasts and forecast inconsistency provide useful information to decision-makers. Therefore, members of the public may benefit from well-calibrated uncertainty estimates and newer, more reliable information.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study was to clarify how explicit uncertainty information and forecast inconsistency impact trust and decision-making in the context of sequential forecasts from the same source. This is important because trust is critical for effective risk communication. In the absence of trust, people may not use available information and subsequently may put themselves and others at greater-than necessary risk. Our results suggest that updating forecasts when newer, more reliable information is available and providing reliable uncertainty estimates can support user trust and decision-making.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Surgical Consent
Authors: Delgado Carlos A. , McCullers Michelle R. , Bloom Scott W. 
Published: March 2023

Background Patient autonomy is the most important of the core values of medical ethics, yet the process of obtaining surgical consent remains a lesser scrutinized area of modern surgical practice. Informed consent implies a patient’s understanding of nature of the operation, indications, risks, benefits, and alternatives. Surgical consent has traditionally been obtained through verbal communication and formalized by signing a legal document. This process oftentimes leaves patients unequipped with adequate knowledge about the procedure they just consented to. In most cases, it is simply impossible for the non-medically trained layperson to fully understand the nuances of surgery in a conversation. Some may argue a degree of paternalism may be inevitable; we believe there is room for improvement. Methods We chose to examine English-speaking adult patients undergoing common procedures (laparoscopic cholecystectomy, open inguinal hernia repair, and skin mass/soft tissue excision). We asked 71 patients to complete a free response survey on the risks, benefits, and alternatives to the operation they had just consented to. The patients were administered the survey either in the outpatient clinic or in the preoperative area. Results Our analysis showed that most of our patients understand the inherent risks, benefits, and alternatives when being consented but that less than 50% of those consented were considered to have adequate understanding of the procedures they were consented for. Discussion This study highlights key deficits and potential areas of improvement in the informed consent process. Based on the results, we have significant room for improvement and the responsibility to do so.
Microscale modelling of lightning damage in fibre-reinforced composites
Authors: Millen Scott L J , Lee Juhyeong 
Published: March 2023

In this work, three-dimensional (3D) finite element simulations were undertaken to study the effects of lightning strikes on the microscale behaviour of continuous fibre-reinforced composite materials and to predict and understand complex lightning damage mechanisms. This approach is different from the conventional mesoscale or macroscale level of analysis, that predicts the overall lightning damage in composite laminates, thus providing better understanding of lightning-induced thermo-mechanical damage at a fundamental level. Micromechanical representative volume element (RVE) models of a UD composite laminate were created with circular carbon fibres randomly distributed in an epoxy matrix. The effects of various grounding conditions (one-, two-, and four-side grounding), fibre volume fractions ( V f = 55, 60%, and 65%), and peak current amplitudes (10, 20, and 40 kA) on microscopic damage in RVE models were characterised to understand fibre, epoxy matrix, and fibre-matrix interfacial damage associated with a lightning strike. Thermal damage, estimated based on epoxy matrix decomposition temperature, was largely constant up to 20 kA before increasing significantly at 40 kA. Severe thermal damage steadily decreased with increasing V f. Thermo-mechanical damage was predicted using a ductile plasticity model with Drucker–Prager yield criterion for epoxy matrix failure, and cohesive surfaces for fibre-matrix interface debonding. Thermal strain had the largest contribution to thermo-mechanical damage, while dynamic pressure loading was negligible in all RVE models. The RVE model proposed in this work, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, is the first model predicting lightning-induced fibre-matrix interfacial damage.
Intrapulmonary Metastasis from Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the External Auditory Canal: A Case Report
Authors: Xue Songbo , Zhang Liqin , Zhao Yang , Tian Xu , Yu Jie , Ren Xinyu , Zhang Qing , Gao Zhiqiang , Feng Guodong 
Published: March 2023

External auditory canal adenoid cystic carcinoma (EAC) is rare and is associated with nonspecific clinical manifestations such as early ear pain. We report a patient with advanced lung metastases from adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the EAC, which is difficult to diagnose. Under general anesthesia, lengthened right temporal bone resection, parotidectomy, facial nerve resection, cervical lymph node dissection (I-III), partial mandibular resection, tumor resection in the inferior temporal fossa and lateral femoral flap repair were performed, followed by regular radiotherapy and chemotherapy. During 2 years of postsurgical follow-up, there was no recurrence. The combination of early detection, resection, postoperative radiotherapy, and chemotherapy can result in a good therapeutic effect.
Oxygen inhalation has no effect on provoked cranial autonomic symptoms using kinetic oscillation stimulation in healthy volunteers
Authors: Schröder Celina F , Basedau Hauke , Moeller Maike , May Arne 
Published: March 2023

Objective Inhalation of oxygen is highly effective in cluster headache, a subtype of trigeminal autonomic cephalgias. Since oxygen has no effect on nociceptive pain, the mechanism of action is still unknown. The present study investigated whether oxygen inhalation modifies the trigeminal autonomic reflex arc in healthy volunteers. Methods 21 healthy volunteers participated in a randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind, cross-over, and within-subject study design. In a randomized order demand valve inhalation of 100% oxygen or medical air were administered. Capillary blood samples were collected to control for blood gas changes. Cranial parasympathetic output (lacrimation) was provoked using kinetic oscillation stimulation of the nasal mucosa. Standardized measurement of lacrimation between baseline and kinetic oscillation stimulation served as a measure of induced cranial autonomic output. Results There was no significant difference in parasympathetic output after oxygen inhalation when compared to inhalation of medical air. Conclusion The inhalation of 100% oxygen does not affect the parasympathetic reflex arc of the trigeminal autonomic reflex.
Effectiveness of patient decision aid supported shared decision-making intervention in in-person and virtual hybrid pulmonary rehabilitation in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jiang Yuyu , Nuerdawulieti Baiyila , Chen Zhongyi , Guo Jianlan , Sun Pingping , Chen Mengjie , Li Jinping 
Published: March 2023

Introduction Tele-pulmonary rehabilitation is increasingly advocated but cannot completely substitute for in-person services for chronic conditions. Adherence to Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) remains low in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Shared decision-making (SDM) promotes patients' participation in PR decisions and helps patients and healthcare providers to jointly make decisions that patients are informed and aligned with patient preferences and values, which are critical for patient adherence to PR. Objective This study aimed to develop a hybrid in-person and virtual model of home-based PR services for older COPD patients and study the effectiveness of the patient decision aid (PDA)-supported recurring SDM intervention on patient adherence to PR, rehabilitation outcomes, and decision-related outcomes, as well as to explore the mechanisms of the intervention on PR adherence. Methods A total of 78 older COPD patients were randomly assigned to the PR group ( n = 39) or PDA-PR group ( n = 39). Both groups were conducted hybrid in-person and virtual PR intervention for 3 months. The primary outcomes were patients’ quality of life and PR adherence. The secondary outcomes were dyspnea symptoms, exercise self-efficacy, knowledge, and decision-related outcomes. Results A total of 72 participants completed the 3-month PR program. There were statistically significant differences in PR adherence ( p = 0.033), COPD assessment test (CAT) scores ( p = 0.016), PR knowledge ( p < 0.001), decision self-efficacy ( p < 0.001), decision conflict ( p < 0.001), and decision regret scores ( p = 0.027) between the two groups. The modified Medical Research Council Dyspnoea scale (mMRC) score was significantly decreased only in PDA-PR group ( p = 0.011). No statistically significant differences were observed in St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score ( p = 0.078), Exercise Self-Regulatory Efficacy Scale (Ex-SRES) score ( p = 0.29) and COPD knowledge ( p = 0.086) between the two groups. PR value score had a significant effect on adherence to PR ( p = 0.007) and CAT score ( p = 0.028). Conclusions PDA supported recurring SDM intervention was helpful in maintaining older COPD patients’ PR adherence and had advantages in improving quality of life, enhancing PR knowledge, decision self-efficacy, and reducing decision conflict and decision regret, but did not improve SGRQ and Ex-SRES. PR value score influenced patients’ rehabilitation adherence and quality of life. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR): ChiCTR1900028563; http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/default.aspx.