bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulsations of primordial supermassive stars induced by a general relativistic instability; visible to JWST at z &gt; 12
Authors: Nagele Chris , Umeda Hideyuki , Takahashi Koh , Maeda Keiichi 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
The origin of high-redshift quasars and their supermassive black hole engines is unclear. One promising solution is the collapse of a primordial supermassive star. Observational confirmation of this scenario may be challenging, but a general relativistic instability supernova provides one avenue for such. Previous studies have found that a general relativistic instability supernova has a potentially decades-long plateau phase visible to JWST at high redshift. In this work, we examine stars with mass just below the general relativistic instability supernova mass range. These stars pulsate, ejecting a portion of their envelopes. They then contract quasi-statically back to an equilibrium temperature, at which point they again become unstable and pulsate once more. Because each pulse consumes a small amount of the available nuclear fuel, there exists the possibility of multiple pulsations. We present simulations of the contracting phase, the pulsation, and the light-curve phase. We find that the lower mass pulsating models are even brighter than the higher mass supernovae because the pulsations occur in the late helium burning phase when the stars have extremely large radii. The fact that the pulsations are more luminous and occur in a wider mass range than the supernovae bodes well for observation.
Implementation of physical activity interventions for people with inflammatory arthritis: an overview and future recommendations
Authors: Cornwall Nicola , Swaithes Laura , Woodcock Charlotte , Healey Emma L , Hider Samantha L 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Regular physical activity is important for both physical and mental health. This is particularly important for people with inflammatory arthritis, because of the benefits on both disease-specific and systemic outcomes and the increased risk of comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease. Despite a wealth of evidence supporting physical activity interventions, there remains a significant gap in implementation into routine care. This overview describes what implementation is, examines why it is important to consider implementation approaches to improve uptake of physical activity, highlights factors that influence successful implementation using exemplars from both osteoarthritis and inflammatory arthritis and recommends where future research is needed.
The challenge of exercise (non-)adherence: a scoping review of methods and techniques applied to improve adherence to physical activity and exercise in people with inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Chaplin Hema , Sekhon Mandeep , Godfrey Emma 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The aims were to explore the nature of methods/techniques applied to improve adherence to physical activity (PA) and exercise in people with inflammatory arthritis and to identify whether studies were theory based and/or used behaviour change techniques (BCTs).

Methods
Searches were undertaken of English language articles within four databases: Embase, Medline, PsycINFO and Cochrane. Articles were included if they assessed adherence to a PA and/or exercise intervention. A narrative synthesis of the findings is reported.

Results
Of 1909 studies screened, 18 studies met inclusion criteria. Adherence was most frequently included as a secondary outcome. Reporting of adherence measures was poor, in that 13 studies did not use a validated measure of adherence, with only three validated measures being identified. The majority of studies were not theory driven (n = 13), although the health belief model was the most used theoretical framework (n = 5). Only two studies mentioned both theory and BCTs. Four studies reported components that were mapped onto BCTs, with goal setting being the most prevalent.

Conclusion
This scoping review found that adherence to PA and/or exercise interventions was rarely the focus of research, despite its importance in maintaining health in people with inflammatory arthritis. Where research has been conducted in this area, serious shortcomings were revealed, in that psychological theory, evidence-based BCTs derived from theory and valid adherence measures were not used to inform intervention design and target adherence, meaning that interventions were suboptimal. These results suggest that there is considerable room for improvement and that more high-quality research is required to investigate determinants of adherence and develop impactful interventions.
Patient experiences of physical activity and exercise in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Canning Jordan , Williams Ruth , de Souza Savia 
Published: January 2023

Lay Summary
What does this mean for patients?
Physical activity and exercise have been shown to have many benefits for people living with RA. These include improvements in symptoms associated with RA, such as pain, stiffness and fatigue. Participating in physical activity and exercise has also been shown to improve cardiovascular health and overall quality of life and is therefore an important part of disease management. Despite this, physical activity levels in people with RA are notably lower than those seen in people without RA, meaning that many RA patients do not experience the associated health benefits. By listening to the experiences of those with RA, researchers have been able to identify many of the reasons or barriers that make it harder for people with RA to exercise regularly. These include lack of professional support, feeling embarrassed or worrying about making symptoms worse. These important patient insights have also allowed researchers to understand other factors that support physical activity and exercise among people with RA, such as encouragement from family and friends and enjoying the feeling of achieving exercise-related goals. This paper includes the personal accounts of three patients with RA and their experiences with physical activity and exercise at different times: during childhood, during a flare and during a pandemic. Exploring the experiences of a wide range of patients is crucial in guiding the development of appropriate exercise-related advice and programmes that will support physically active lifestyles in this group of patients.
The challenges of measuring physical activity and sedentary behaviour in people with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Steultjens Martijn , Bell Kirsty , Hendry Gordon 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The importance of sufficient moderate-to-vigorous physical activity as a key component of a healthy lifestyle is well established, as are the health risks associated with high levels of sedentary behaviour. However, many people with RA do not undertake sufficient physical activity and are highly sedentary. To start addressing this, it is important to be able to carry out an adequate assessment of the physical activity levels of individual people in order that adequate steps can be taken to promote and improve healthy lifestyles. Different methods are available to measure different aspects of physical activity in different settings. In controlled laboratory environments, respiratory gas analysis can measure the energy expenditure of different activities accurately. In free-living environments, the doubly labelled water method is the gold standard for identifying total energy expenditure over a prolonged period of time (&gt;10 days). To assess patterns of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in daily life, objective methods with body-worn activity monitors using accelerometry are superior to self-reported questionnaire- or diary-based methods.
The role of microRNAs in regulating inflammation and exercise-induced adaptations in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Balchin Christopher , Tan Ai Lyn , Wilson Oliver J , McKenna Jim , Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou Antonios 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously generated single-stranded RNAs that play crucial roles in numerous biological processes, such as cell development, proliferation, differentiation, metabolism and apoptosis. They negatively regulate target gene expression by repressing translation of messenger RNA into a functional protein. Several miRNAs have been implicated in the development and progression of RA. They are involved in inflammatory and immune processes and are associated with susceptibility to RA and disease activity. They are also considered to be potential markers of disease activity or even therapeutic targets. Likewise, several miRNAs are affected acutely by exercise and regulate exercise-related adaptations in the skeletal muscle and cardiovascular system and aerobic fitness. Interestingly, some miRNAs affected by exercise are also important in the context of RA. Investigating these might increase our understanding of the effects of exercise in RA and improve exercise prescription and, potentially, disease management. In this review, we focus on the miRNAs that are associated with both RA and exercise and discuss their roles in (and potential interactions between) RA and exercise-induced adaptations.
ESA-Ariel Data Challenge NeurIPS 2022: introduction to exo-atmospheric studies and presentation of the Atmospheric Big Challenge (ABC) Database
Authors: Changeat Quentin , Yip Kai Hou 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This is an exciting era for exo-planetary exploration. The recently launched JWST, and other upcoming space missions such as Ariel, Twinkle, and ELTs are set to bring fresh insights to the convoluted processes of planetary formation and evolution and its connections to atmospheric compositions. However, with new opportunities come new challenges. The field of exoplanet atmospheres is already struggling with the incoming volume and quality of data, and machine learning (ML) techniques lands itself as a promising alternative. Developing techniques of this kind is an inter-disciplinary task, one that requires domain knowledge of the field, access to relevant tools and expert insights on the capability and limitations of current ML models. These stringent requirements have so far limited the developments of ML in the field to a few isolated initiatives. In this paper, We present the Atmospheric Big Challenge Database (ABC Database), a carefully designed, organized, and publicly available data base dedicated to the study of the inverse problem in the context of exoplanetary studies. We have generated 105 887 forward models and 26 109 complementary posterior distributions generated with Nested Sampling algorithm. Alongside with the data base, this paper provides a jargon-free introduction to non-field experts interested to dive into the intricacy of atmospheric studies. This data base forms the basis for a multitude of research directions, including, but not limited to, developing rapid inference techniques, benchmarking model performance, and mitigating data drifts. A successful application of this data base is demonstrated in the NeurIPS Ariel ML Data Challenge 2022.
RADIATION DOSE OF THE EYE LENS IN CT EXAMINATIONS OF THE BRAIN IN CLINICAL PRACTICE—THE EFFECT OF RADIOGRAPHER TRAINING TO OPTIMISE GANTRY TILT AND SCAN LENGTH
Authors: Tarkiainen Jeremias , Nadhum Miia , Heikkilä Annele , Rinta-Kiikka Irina , Joutsen Atte 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLenses are always exposed to radiation in brain computed tomography (CT) scans. However, the lens dose can be reduced by excluding lens from scanning area by optimising gantry tilt and scan length. The object of this study is to retrospectively analyse if the optimisation by gantry tilt and scan length have been adequate in the CT scan of the brain, and to prospectively analyse the effect of radiographer training to the quality of the CT examinations. This study was conducted in two parts. In all, 329 brain CTs performed in the Tampere University Hospital from 2017 to 2019 were revised retrospectively. The prospective part included 51 brain CT studies conducted in October 2021. Dose to the eye of the lens was modelled using CT-Expo using zero-degree beam angle and scan lengths to expose the lens either to the primary or scattered radiation. Non-zero gantry tilt had been used in a large proportion of the CT examinations in the retrospective setting, 84.8%. However, the lenses were successfully excluded from the scan area in only 1.8% of the examinations. In the prospective part, the gantry tilt was used in 98% of the studies and the proportion of successful examinations rose from 1.8 to 11.8%. The lens dose decreased significantly when the eyes were excluded from the imaging area. The modelled lens dose in the large retrospective part was 25.9 mGy (17.8–49.2 mGy) when the eyes were included and 1.5 mGy (0.4–1.9 mGy) when the eyes were excluded. The lens dose was similar in the small prospective part. Despite the gantry tilt is widely used, unnecessary lens irradiation occurs extensively because of suboptimal gantry tilt and scan length. The training of radiographers reduces the radiation exposure to the lens by more optimal gantry tilt and scan length.
Differential Effects of Clozapine and Haloperidol on the 40 Hz Auditory Steady State Response-mediated Phase Resetting in the Prefrontal Cortex of the Female Sprague Dawley Rat
Authors: Ummear Raza Muhammad , Gautam Deepshila , Rorie Dakota , Sivarao Digavalli V 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Neural synchrony at gamma frequency (~40 Hz) is important for information processing and is disrupted in schizophrenia. From a drug development perspective, molecules that can improve local gamma synchrony are promising candidates for therapeutic development.

Hypothesis
Given their differentiated clinical profile, clozapine, and haloperidol may have distinct effects on local gamma synchrony engendered by 40 Hz click trains, the so-called auditory steady-state response (ASSR).

Study Design
Clozapine and haloperidol at doses known to mimic clinically relevant D2 receptor occupancy were evaluated using the ASSR in separate cohorts of female SD rats.

Results
Clozapine (2.5–10 mg/kg, sc) robustly increased intertrial phase coherence (ITC), across all doses. Evoked response increased but less consistently. Background gamma activity, unrelated to the stimulus, showed a reduction at all doses. Closer scrutiny of the data indicated that clozapine accelerated gamma phase resetting. Thus, clozapine augmented auditory information processing in the gamma frequency range by reducing the background gamma, accelerating the gamma phase resetting and improving phase precision and signal power. Modest improvements in ITC were seen with Haloperidol (0.08 and 0.24 mg/kg, sc) without accelerating phase resetting. Evoked power was unaffected while background gamma was reduced at high doses only, which also caused catalepsy.

Conclusions
Using click-train evoked gamma synchrony as an index of local neural network function, we provide a plausible neurophysiological basis for the superior and differentiated profile of clozapine. These observations may provide a neurophysiological template for identifying new drug candidates with a therapeutic potential for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Building Team Leader Competency in Senior Nursing Students
Authors: Fetters Lisa , Wilson Kristi , Johns Edgar F. , Streetman Ronald , Turkelson Carman 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Nursing students have limited opportunities to build team leader skills during their clinical experiences, leaving a practice gap. Senior nursing students participated in a competency-based education unit and a simulation-based learning experience incorporating team leader skills. Presurvey and postsurvey data were collected using the Self-Confidence and Comfort with Utilizing a Standardized Handoff Communication Tool. Participants who completed both surveys were analyzed (n = 85). Statistically significant improvements were found on 14 of the 19 survey items. Results suggest the effectiveness of using competency-based education and simulation-based learning experience to help nursing students build confidence and comfort in team leader skills.
Comparison of Intratympanic Steroid and Hyperbaric Oxygen Salvage Therapy Hearing Outcomes in Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ajduk Jakov , Peček Mirta , Kelava Iva , Žaja Roko , Ries Mihael , Košec Andro 
Published: January 2023

Objectives:
Systemic steroids are the most common first-line therapy in sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), with significant improvement in hearing outcomes in over 60% of patients. It is unknown why 40% of patients do not respond to systemic steroid therapy. Salvage treatment includes intratympanic steroids (ITS) and hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) therapy, with inconsistent results reported. This study aimed to compare the results of ITS and HBO therapy in patients with SSNHL that previously failed systemic steroid therapy.

Design:
This is a comparative retrospective nonrandomized interventional cohort study, enrolling 126 patients with SSNHL. Out of these, 35 patients received HBO therapy, 43 patients received ITS, and 48 patients did not receive any second-line therapy (control group). Pure-tone audiograms were performed before and after the salvage therapy in the IT and HBO groups and at the same time interval in the control group. Study variables included age, time until therapy initiation, tinnitus status, and hearing outcomes, with a cutoff criteria of cumulative >30 dB improvement on all frequencies indicating recovery.

Results:
ITS and HBO therapy were associated with statistically significant hearing recovery at all frequencies compared to systemic steroids. The results show an average hearing improvement of 13.6 dB overall frequencies (250 to 8000 Hz) after ITS therapy and 7.4 dB in HBO therapy in comparison to the control group. Presence of significant hearing improvement positively correlated with age, ITS therapy, and HBO therapy. Presence of tinnitus before therapy was negatively correlated with hearing improvement. Patients with tinnitus present at the start of therapy improve 4.67 dB less on average compared to those without tinnitus. ITS therapy significantly reduced tinnitus compared to the other two treatment options. Patients with tinnitus present before therapy significantly improve hearing at low frequencies, compared to the control group.

Conclusions:
ITS and HBO therapy show superior hearing results compared to observation alone after failed oral steroid therapy for SSNHL. ITS shows an additional positive impact on tinnitus reduction and shows superior hearing outcomes after salvage therapy.
Epidemiological study of genitourinary syndrome of menopause in Japan (GENJA study)
Authors: Tomoe Hikaru , Ozaki Yumi , Yamamoto Mayuko , Kuwajima Mami , Ninomiya Noriko , Sekiguchi Yuki , Sato Yoshikazu , Takahashi Satoru , Nagao Koichi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) in Japan using the Japanese translation of the Vulvovaginal Symptoms Questionnaire (VSQ) with online survey. In addition, we examined the relationship between sexual activity and GSM symptoms.

Methods
An online survey on GSM was conducted with 4,134 women aged 40 to 79 years, who were registered in an online survey company. Several questionnaires with Japanese translations of linguistic validity were used in this study. GSM was defined as a condition in women older than 40 years with vulvovaginal symptoms on the VSQ.

Results
The percentage of postmenopausal women 40 years and older was 69.6%. The percentage of women with sexual activity was 22%. The prevalence of GSM with vulvovaginal symptoms was 11.6%, and 31.7% in sexually active women. The prevalence of GSM was associated with age and was significantly lower in the 70s age group than in other age groups. Vulvar hurting and dryness were both age-related only in the sexual activity group, with a statistically significantly higher prevalence in the 70s group than in the 40s group. The prevalence of vulvar dryness during sexual activity was significantly lower in the 40s age group.

Conclusions
An online epidemiological survey of GSM was conducted for the first time in Japan using the linguistically validated Japanese translation of the VSQ. The prevalence of GSM with genital or sexual symptoms was 11.6% in Japanese women 40 years and older, and 31.7% in sexually active women.
Cost and value in liver disease guidelines: 2011–2022
Authors: Aby Elizabeth S. , Kaplan Alyson , Ufere Nneka N. 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is associated with rising health care utilization and cost. We aimed to describe the frequency of cost/value (C/V) statements in CLD-related clinical guidance documents (CGDs).

Methods:
CGD with a focus on CLD published between January 2011 and February 2022 from 3 US societies [Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), American College of Gastroenterology (ACG), and American Gastroenterological Association (AGA)] were analyzed.

Findings:
Forty-five CGDs were identified. Eighty of 1334 guidance statements were C/V statements (6%). Only 1.1% reported patient-level costs and none reported out-of-pocket costs. Despite the increased importance of incorporating cost and value into care, the proportion of C/V statements in CGDs related to liver disease is low.
Serum FGF19 predicts outcomes of Kasai portoenterostomy in biliary atresia
Authors: Nyholm Iiris , Hukkinen Maria , Pihlajoki Marjut , Davidson Joseph R. , Tyraskis Athanasios , Lohi Jouko , Heikkilä Päivi , Hänninen Satu , Andersson Noora , Eloranta Katja , Carpén Olli , Heikinheimo Markku , Davenport Mark , Pakarinen Mikko P. 
Published: January 2023

Background and Aims:
Outcomes after Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE) for biliary atresia remain highly variable for unclear reasons. As reliable early biomarkers predicting KPE outcomes are lacking, we studied the prognostic value of FGF19.

Approach and Results:
Serum and liver specimens, obtained from biliary atresia patients (N=87) at KPE or age-matched cholestatic controls (N=26) were included. Serum concentration of FGF19 and bile acids, liver mRNA expression of FGF19, and key regulators of bile acid synthesis were related to KPE outcomes and liver histopathology. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used for the localization of liver FGF19 expression. Serum levels (223 vs. 61 pg/mL, p<0.001) and liver mRNA expression of FGF19 were significantly increased in biliary atresia. Patients with unsuccessful KPE (419 vs. 145 pg/mL, p=0.047), and those subsequently underwent liver transplantation (410 vs. 99 pg/mL, p=0.007) had significantly increased serum, but not liver, FGF19, which localized mainly in hepatocytes. In Cox hazard modeling serum FGF19 <109 pg/mL predicted native liver survival (HR: 4.31, p<0.001) also among patients operated <60 days of age (HR: 8.77, p=0.004) or after successful KPE (HR: 6.76, p=0.01). Serum FGF19 correlated positively with increased serum primary bile acids (R=0.41, p=0.004) and ductular reaction (R=0.39, p=0.004).

Conclusions:
Increased serum FGF19 at KPE predicted inferior long-term native liver survival in biliary atresia and was associated with unsuccessful KPE, elevated serum primary bile acids, and ductular reaction.