bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interwar Symphonies and the Imagination
Authors: MacGregor Emily 
Published: January 2023

The symphony has long been entangled with ideas of self and value. Though standard historical accounts suggest that composers' interest in the symphony was almost extinguished in the early 1930s, this book makes plain the genre's continued cultural dominance, and argues that the symphony can illuminate issues around space/geography, race, and postcolonialism in Germany, France, Mexico, and the United States. Focusing on a number of symphonies composed or premiered in 1933, this book recreates some of the cultural and political landscapes of an uncertain historical moment-a year when Hitler took power in Germany, and the Great Depression reached its peak in the United States. Interwar Symphonies and the Imagination asks what North American and European symphonies from the early 1930s can tell us about how people imagined selfhood during a period of international insecurity and political upheaval, of expansionist and colonial fantasies, scientised racism, and emergent fascism.
Optimal Forest Management of Even-Aged Longleaf Pine Stands with Nontimber Benefits
Authors: Susaeta Andres 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe present an optimal control model to simultaneously determine the optimal planting density, thinning schedules, harvest age, and revenues of an even-aged longleaf pine (Pinus palustrisMill) stand, an iconic species in the Southeastern United States. We assume that the forest stand is managed for timber production and carbon sequestration under different site indexes—a measurement of potential forest productivity. Our simulation results show that the optimal planting density tends to increase when longleaf pine is managed in medium and high site indexes. Furthermore, the optimal harvest age tends to be extended with payments for carbon sequestration.
History of the Giraffe Pipe locality inferred from microfossil remains: a thriving freshwater ecosystem near the Arctic Circle during the warm Eocene
Authors: Siver Peter A. , Lott Anne Marie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHow will freshwater lakes in the Arctic respond to climate change, especially if polar amplification results in even greater warming at these northern latitudes? Deep time analogs offer opportunities to understand the potential effects of future climate warming on arctic environments. A core from the Giraffe Pipe fossil locality located in the Northwest Territories of Canada offers a window into the life of a thriving Arctic freshwater ecosystem in the Eocene during greenhouse conditions. The remains of an extensive deposit of microfossils, including photosynthetic protists (chrysophytes, diatoms, and green algae), heterotrophic protists (euglyphids, heliozoans, paraphysomonads, and rotosphaerids), and sponges, were used to reconstruct the history of the ancient waterbody. Concentrations and diversity of chrysophyte taxa were extensive throughout the core, accounting for >70% of the microfossil remains. The ratio of chrysophyte cysts to diatom valves, with a mean value near 14 throughout the core, further emphasized the dominance of the chrysophytes, and given the high diversity of taxa, the locality represents a “paleo-hotspot” for this eukaryote lineage. Based on the totality of fossil evidence, the waterbody within the Giraffe Pipe crater represented a series of relatively shallow aquatic habitats, with changing physical and chemical conditions, and varying water depths. Five major zones were identified, each found to be stable for an extended period of time, but with distinct transitions between successive zones signaling significant shifts in environmental conditions. The study provides valuable insight on how Arctic freshwater ecosystems responded to past warm climates, and to the organisms that could potentially thrive in these environments under future warming scenarios.
Caught between the Union Jack and the Nazi Swastika: African Protests over Ambiguous Status under British Imperialism and Potential Transfer to Nazi Colonialism
Authors: Kissi Edward 
Published: January 2023

AbstractResistance to colonial rule is a dominant topic in the historical study of Africa. But resistance to attempted transfer of colonised peoples and territories, to promote peace in Europe, has not gained similar attention in African and colonial historiographies. This article looks at how rumours and reports of Nazi Germany's colonial demands in Africa, and the ambiguous reactions of British officials to them, shaped conversations among colonised peoples about their dignity under British colonialism and in intra-European diplomacy. The article argues that the prospect of Nazi rule and its spectre of slave-labour concentration camps for Africa's Western-educated elites, and other colonial subjects, bound these segments of colonial society closer to British, and French, imperialism than they relished at an uncertain, but critical moment in African and international history. They became the defenders of colonial systems they deplored, and opponents of a ruthless regime they feared.
Outer Radiation Belt Flux and Phase Space Density Response to Sheath Regions: Van Allen Probes and GPS Observations
Authors: Kalliokoski Milla M. H. , Henderson Michael G. , Morley Steven K. , Kilpua Emilia K. J. , Osmane Adnane , Olifer Leonid , Turner Drew L. , Jaynes Allison N. , George Harriet , Hoilijoki Sanni , Turc Lucile , Palmroth Minna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTurbulent and compressed sheath regions preceding interplanetary coronal mass ejections strongly impact electron dynamics in the outer radiation belt. Changes in electron flux can occur on timescales of tens of minutes, which are unlikely to be captured by a two‐satellite mission. The recently released Global Positioning System (GPS) data set generally has shorter revisit times (atL∼ 4–8) owing to the large number of satellites in the constellation equipped with energetic particle detectors. Investigating electron fluxes at energies from 140 keV to 4 MeV and sheaths observed in 2012–2018, we show that the flux response to sheaths on a timescale of 6 hr, previously reported from Van Allen Probes (RBSP) data, is reproduced by GPS measurements. Furthermore, GPS data enables derivation of the response on a timescale of 30 min, which further confirms that the energy andL‐shell dependent changes in electron flux are associated with the impact of the sheath. Sheath‐driven loss is underestimated over longer timescales as the electrons recover during the ejecta. We additionally show the response of electron phase space density (PSD), which is a key quantity in identifying non‐adiabatic loss from the system and electron energization through wave‐particle interactions. The PSD response is calculated from both RBSP and GPS data for the 6 hr timescale, as well as from GPS data for the 30 min timescale. The response is divided based on the geoeffectiveness of the sheaths revealing that electrons are effectively accelerated only during geoeffective sheaths, while loss commonly occurs during all sheaths.
The Stability of Dense Oceanic Crust Near the Core‐Mantle Boundary
Authors: Panton James , Davies J. Huw , Myhill Robert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe large low‐shear‐velocity provinces (LLSVPs) are thought to be thermo‐chemical in nature, with recycled oceanic crust (OC) being a contender for the source of the chemical heterogeneity. The melting process which forms OC concentrates heat producing elements (HPEs) within it which, over time, may cause any collected piles of OC to destabilize, limiting their suitability to explain LLSVPs. Despite this, most geodynamic studies which include recycling of OC consider only homogeneous heating rates. We perform a suite of spherical, three‐dimensional mantle convection simulations to investigate how buoyancy number, geochemical model and heating model affects the ability of recycled OC to accumulate at the core‐mantle boundary. Our results agree with others that only a narrow range of buoyancy numbers allow OC to form piles in the lower mantle which remain stable to present day. We demonstrate that heterogeneous radiogenic heating causes piles to destabilize more readily, reducing present day CMB coverage from 63% to 47%. Consequently, the choice of geochemical model can influence pile formation. Geochemical models which lead to high internal heating rates can cause more rapid replenishment of piles, increasing their longevity. Where piles do remain to present day, first order comparisons suggest that old (hot) OC material can produce seismic characteristics, such as Vs anomalies, similar to those of LLSVPs. Given the range of current density estimates for lower mantle mineral phases, subducted OC remains a contender for the chemical component of thermo‐chemical LLSVPs.
Unconventional Surface Charging Within Deep Cavities on Airless Planetary Bodies: Particle‐In‐Cell Plasma Simulations
Authors: Nakazono J. , Miyake Y. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSurface charging properties of a nonconducting surface that has a deep cavity and is in contact with the solar wind plasma are investigated by means of the particle‐in‐cell plasma simulations. The modeled topography is an abstract representation of deep depressions found on the irregular surfaces of solid planetary bodies. The simulations have revealed unconventional charging features in that the cavity bottom is charged up to positive values even without any electron emission processes such as photoemission, provided that the surface location is accessible to a portion of incoming solar wind ions. The major driver of the positive charging is identified as drifting ions of the solar wind plasma, and an uncommon current ordering where ion currents exceed electron currents is established at the innermost part of the deep cavity. This also implies that the deep cavity bottom may have a positive potential of several hundred volts, which is similar in magnitude to the kinetic energy of an ion drift motion. The present study also clarifies the role of photoelectrons in developing the distinctive charging environment inside the cavity. The photoemitted electrons can no longer trigger positive charging at the cavity bottom, but rather exhibit the effect of relaxing positive potentials caused by the solar wind ions. The identified charging process, which is primarily due to the solar wind ions, is localized at the depths of the cavity and may be one possible scenario for generating intense electric fields inside the cavity.
Modeling the Greenland Ice Sheet's Committed Contribution to Sea Level During the 21st Century
Authors: Nias Isabel J. , Nowicki Sophie , Felikson Denis , Loomis Bryant 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet can be partitioned between surface mass balance and discharge due to ice dynamics through its marine‐terminating outlet glaciers. A perturbation to a glacier terminus (e.g., a calving event) results in both an instantaneous response in velocity and mass loss and a diffusive response due to the evolution of ice thickness over time. This diffusive response means the total impact of a retreat event can take decades to be fully realized. Here we model the committed response of the Greenland Ice Sheet by applying perturbations to the marine‐terminating glacier termini that represent recent observed changes, and simulating the response over the 21st century, while holding the climate forcing constant. The sensitivity of the ice sheet response to model parameter uncertainty is explored within an ensemble framework, and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment data is used to constrain the results using a Bayesian calibration approach. We find that the Greenland Ice Sheet's committed contribution to 21st century sea level rise is at least 33.5 [17.5 52.4] mm (25th and 75th percentiles in brackets), with at least 6 mm being attributable directly to terminus retreat that occurred between 2007 and 2015. The spread in our projections is driven by uncertainty in the basal friction coefficient. Our results complement the ISMIP6 Greenland projections, which report the ice sheet response to future forcing, excluding the background response. In this way, we can obtain estimates of Greenland's total contribution to sea level rise in 2100.
Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor deficiency exacerbates autoimmune hepatitis by inducing intestinal dysbiosis and barrier dysfunction
Authors: Lin Hongwei , Lin Jing , Pan Tongtong , Li Ting , Jiang Huimian , Fang Yan , Wang Yuxin , Wu Faling , Huang Jia , Zhang Huadong , Chen Dazhi , Chen Yongping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAutoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an immune-mediated inflammatory liver disease with unclear pathogenesis. The gut microbiota and intestinal barrier play an essential role in AIH. Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) is a central component of mucosal immunity. Herein, we aimed to test the hypothesis that pIgR plays a pivotal role in maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis and gut barrier integrity in an AIH mouse model. The expression of intestinal pIgR shows the variation tendency of falling after rising with the aggravation of experimental AIH (EAH). The deletion of Pigr exacerbates liver damage in EAH. Furthermore, we identified a distinct microbiota profile of Pigr-deficient EAH mice, with a significant increased aboundance in the Oscillospiraceae family, particularly the Anaeromassilibacillus genus. Such a situation occurs because the loss of Pigr inhibits MEK/ERK, a key signal pathway whereby pIgR transports immunoglobulin A (IgA), resulting in reduced IgA secretion, which leads to the destruction of intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins and intestinal flora disturbance. Increased intestinal leakage causes increased translocation of bacteria to the liver, thus aggravating liver inflammation in EAH. Treatment with the Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supernatant reverses liver damage in EAH mice but loses its protective effect without pIgR. Our study identifies that intestinal pIgR is a critical regulator of the adaptive response to S100-induced alterations in gut flora and the gut barrier function, which closely correlates with liver injury. Intestinal upregulation of pIgR could be a novel approach for treating AIH.
NF-YAl drives EMT in Claudinlow tumours
Authors: Londero Michela , Gallo Alberto , Cattaneo Camilla , Ghilardi Anna , Ronzio Mirko , Del Giacco Luca , Mantovani Roberto , Dolfini Diletta 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNF-Y is a trimeric transcription factor whose binding site -the CCAAT box- is enriched in cancer-promoting genes. The regulatory subunit, the sequence-specificity conferring NF-YA, comes in two major isoforms, NF-YA long (NF-YAl) and short (NF-YAs). Extensive expression analysis in epithelial cancers determined two features: widespread overexpression and changes in NF-YAl/NF-YAs ratios (NF-YAr) in tumours with EMT features. We performed wet and in silico experiments to explore the role of the isoforms in breast -BRCA- and gastric -STAD- cancers. We generated clones of two Claudinlow BRCA lines SUM159PT and BT549 ablated of exon-3, thus shifting expression from NF-YAl to NF-YAs. Edited clones show normal growth but reduced migratory capacities in vitro and ability to metastatize in vivo. Using TCGA, including upon deconvolution of scRNA-seq data, we formalize the clinical importance of high NF-YAr, associated to EMT genes and cell populations. We derive a novel, prognostic 158 genes signature common to BRCA and STAD Claudinlow tumours. Finally, we identify splicing factors associated to high NF-YAr, validating RBFOX2 as promoting expression of NF-YAl. These data bring three relevant results: (i) the definition and clinical implications of NF-YAr and the 158 genes signature in Claudinlow tumours; (ii) genetic evidence of 28 amino acids in NF-YAl with EMT-promoting capacity; (iii) the definition of selected splicing factors associated to NF-YA isoforms.
Schwann cell-derived exosomes containing MFG-E8 modify macrophage/microglial polarization for attenuating inflammation via the SOCS3/STAT3 pathway after spinal cord injury
Authors: Ren Jie , Zhu Bin , Gu Guangjin , Zhang Wencan , Li Junjin , Wang Hongda , Wang Min , Song Xiaomeng , Wei Zhijian , Feng Shiqing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMacrophage/microglia polarization acts as an important part in regulating inflammatory responses in spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the regulation of inflammation of Schwann cell-derived exosomes (SCDEs) for SCI repair is still unclear. Therefore, we intend to find out the effect of SCDEs on regulating the inflammation related to macrophage polarization during the recovery of SCI. Firstly, the thesis demonstrated that SCDEs could attenuate the LPS- inflammation in BMDMs by suppressing M1 polarization and stimulating M2 polarization. Similarly, SCDEs improved functional recovery of female Wistar rats of the SCI contusion model according to BBB (Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan) score, electrophysiological assay, and the gait analysis system of CatWalk XT. Moreover, MFG-E8 was verified as the main component of SCDEs to improve the inflammatory response by proteomic sequencing and lentiviral transfection. Improvement of the inflammatory microenvironment also inhibited neuronal apoptosis. The knockout of MFG-E8 in SCs can reverse the anti-inflammatory effects of SCDEs treatment. The SOCS3/STAT3 signaling pathway was identified to participate in upregulating M2 polarization induced by MFG-E8. In conclusion, our findings will enrich the mechanism of SCDEs in repairing SCI and provide potential applications and new insights for the clinical translation of SCDEs treatment for SCI.
The potential role of m6A reader YTHDF1 as diagnostic biomarker and the signaling pathways in tumorigenesis and metastasis in pan-cancer
Authors: Zhu Yanan , Li Jing , Yang Hang , Yang Xinyi , Zhang Ya , Yu Xinchao , Li Ying , Chen Gangxian , Yang Zuozhang 
Published: January 2023

Abstractm6A is an important RNA methylation in progression of various human cancers. As the m6A reader protein, YTHDF1 is reported to accelerate m6A-modified mRNAs translation in cytoplasm. It is highly expressed in various human cancers and contributes to the progression and metastasis of cancers. YTHDF1 was closely associated with poor prognosis and also used as a molecular marker for clinical diagnosis or therapy in human cancers. It has been reported to promote chemoresistance to Adriamycin, Cisplatin and Olaparib by increasing mRNA stability of its target molecule. Moreover, it contributes to CSC-like characteristic of tumor cells and inducing the antitumor immune microenvironment. Here, we reviewed the clinical diagnostic and prognostic values of YTHDF1, as well as the molecular mechanisms of YTHDF1 in progression and metastasis of human cancers.
Tailoring polymer electrolyte ionic conductivity for production of low- temperature operating quasi-all-solid-state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Li Zhuo , Yu Rui , Weng Suting , Zhang Qinghua , Wang Xuefeng , Guo Xin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe stable operation of lithium-based batteries at low temperatures is critical for applications in cold climates. However, low-temperature operations are plagued by insufficient dynamics in the bulk of the electrolyte and at electrode|electrolyte interfaces. Here, we report a quasi-solid-state polymer electrolyte with an ionic conductivity of 2.2 × 10−4 S cm−1 at −20 °C. The electrolyte is prepared via in situ polymerization using a 1,3,5-trioxane-based precursor. The polymer-based electrolyte enables a dual-layered solid electrolyte interphase formation on the Li metal electrode and stabilizes the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2-based positive electrode, thus improving interfacial charge-transfer at low temperatures. Consequently, the growth of dendrites at the lithium metal electrode is hindered, thus enabling stable Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 coin and pouch cell operation even at −30 °C. In particular, we report a Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 coin cell cycled at −20 °C and 20 mA g−1 capable of retaining more than 75% (i.e., around 151 mAh g−1) of its first discharge capacity cycle at 30 °C and same specific current.
Resonators with tailored optical path by cascaded-mode conversions
Authors: Ginis Vincent , Benea-Chelmus Ileana-Cristina , Lu Jinsheng , Piccardo Marco , Capasso Federico 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOptical resonators enable the generation, manipulation, and storage of electromagnetic waves. The physics underlying their operation is determined by the interference of electromagnetic waves, giving rise to the resonance spectrum. This mechanism causes the limitations and trade-offs of resonator design, such as the fixed relationship between free spectral range, modal linewidth, and the resonator’s refractive index and size. Here, we introduce a new class of optical resonators, generating resonances by designing the optical path through transverse mode coupling in a cascaded process created by mode-converting mirrors. The generalized round-trip phase condition leads to resonator characteristics that are markedly different from Fabry-Perot resonators and can be tailored over a wide range. We confirm the existence of these modes experimentally in an integrated waveguide cavity with mode converters coupling transverse modes into one supermode. We also demonstrate a transverse mode-independent transmission and show that its engineered spectral properties agree with theoretical predictions.
The classical pathway triggers pathogenic complement activation in membranous nephropathy
Authors: Seifert Larissa , Zahner Gunther , Meyer-Schwesinger Catherine , Hickstein Naemi , Dehde Silke , Wulf Sonia , Köllner Sarah M. S. , Lucas Renke , Kylies Dominik , Froembling Sarah , Zielinski Stephanie , Kretz Oliver , Borodovsky Anna , Biniaminov Sergey , Wang Yanyan , Cheng Hong , Koch-Nolte Friedrich , Zipfel Peter F. , Hopfer Helmut , Puelles Victor G. , Panzer Ulf , Huber Tobias B. , Wiech Thorsten , Tomas Nicola M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMembranous nephropathy (MN) is an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease characterized by glomerular immune complexes containing complement components. However, both the initiation pathways and the pathogenic significance of complement activation in MN are poorly understood. Here, we show that components from all three complement pathways (alternative, classical and lectin) are found in renal biopsies from patients with MN. Proximity ligation assays to directly visualize complement assembly in the tissue reveal dominant activation via the classical pathway, with a close correlation to the degree of glomerular C1q-binding IgG subclasses. In an antigen-specific autoimmune mouse model of MN, glomerular damage and proteinuria are reduced in complement-deficient mice compared with wild-type littermates. Severe disease with progressive ascites, accompanied by extensive loss of the integral podocyte slit diaphragm proteins, nephrin and neph1, only occur in wild-type animals. Finally, targeted silencing of C3 using RNA interference after the onset of proteinuria significantly attenuates disease. Our study shows that, in MN, complement is primarily activated via the classical pathway and targeting complement components such as C3 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy.