bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of root hair elongation in rhizosheath aggregation and in the carbon flow into the soil
Authors: Teixeira Pedro Paulo C. , Trautmann Svenja , Buegger Franz , Felde Vincent J. M. N. L. , Pausch Johanna , Müller Carsten W. , Kögel-Knabner Ingrid 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
One of the most prominent changes in the rhizospheric soil structure is associated with the formation of a strongly bound soil layer in the surroundings of the root, which is named rhizosheath. In this study, we investigated how root hair elongation, a ubiquitous root morphological trait, affect the stability of rhizosheath aggregates. Using 13CO2 pulse labeling, we tracked the fate of root-derived 13C inputted into the rhizosheath of two Zea mays L. genotypes with contrasting root hair elongation: a mutant with root hair defective elongation (rth3) and a corresponding wild type (WT). In addition, we also investigated the differences between two 13CO2 labeling approaches (single vs. multiple pulse labeling) in the distribution of 13C in the rhizosheath aggregates. We were able to demonstrate that the rhizosheath aggregate stability and the resulting aggregate size distribution follows the same mechanisms irrespective of the root hair elongation. This result reinforces the assumption that other soil properties are more decisive for the soil structure formation in the rhizosheath in comparison to root hair elongation. The majority of recently deposited root-derived C (57%) was found in the macroaggregates. Increasing the number of pulses (multiple pulse labeling approach) resulted in a higher 13C enrichment of the rhizosheath aggregates fractions in comparison to the application of a single pulse. While both labeling approaches resulted in a similar distribution of 13C in the rhizosheath aggregates, the higher enrichment given by multiple pulse labeling allowed the separation of significant differences between the genotypes in plant C allocation in the rhizosheath.
Meal-timing patterns and chronic disease prevalence in two representative Austrian studies
Authors: Santonja Isabel , Bogl Leonie H. , Degenfellner Jürgen , Klösch Gerhard , Seidel Stefan , Schernhammer Eva , Papantoniou Kyriaki 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed at describing meal-timing patterns using cluster analysis and explore their association with sleep and chronic diseases, before and during COVID-19 mitigation measures in Austria.

Methods
Information was collected in two surveys in 2017 (N = 1004) and 2020 (N = 1010) in representative samples of the Austrian population. Timing of main meals, nighttime fasting interval, last-meal-to-bed time, breakfast skipping and eating midpoint were calculated using self-reported information. Cluster analysis was applied to identify meal-timing clusters. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to study the association of meal-timing clusters with prevalence of chronic insomnia, depression, diabetes, hypertension, obesity and self-rated bad health status.

Results
In both surveys, median breakfast, lunch and dinner times on weekdays were 7:30, 12:30 and 18:30. One out of four participants skipped breakfast and the median number of eating occasions was 3 in both samples. We observed correlation between the different meal-timing variables. Cluster analysis resulted in the definition of two clusters in each sample (A17 and B17 in 2017, and A20 and B20 in 2020). Clusters A comprised most respondents, with fasting duration of 12–13 h and median eating midpoint between 13:00 and 13:30. Clusters B comprised participants reporting longer fasting intervals and later mealtimes, and a high proportion of breakfast skippers. Chronic insomnia, depression, obesity and self-rated bad health-status were more prevalent in clusters B.

Conclusions
Austrians reported long fasting intervals and low eating frequency. Meal-timing habits were similar before and during the COVID-19-pandemic. Besides individual characteristics of meal-timing, behavioural patterns need to be evaluated in chrono-nutrition epidemiological studies.
Relation between socioeconomic status and maternal serum lipids to infant lipid concentrations and anthropometry in the first year of life
Authors: Dathan-Stumpf Anne , Vogel Mandy , Grafe Nico , Kiess Wieland , Stepan Holger 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The physical health and development of an individual are influenced by multiple parameters and shaped by internal and external factors during pregnancy. However, it is unclear whether there is an association between maternal lipid concentrations in the third trimester of pregnancy and infant serum lipids as well as anthropometric growth, and whether these factors are influenced by the socioeconomic status (SES) of the mothers.

Methods
Between 2011 and 2021, 982 mother–child pairs were recruited in the LIFE-Child study. To investigate the influence of prenatal factors, pregnant women at the 24th and 36th week of gestation as well as children at the age of 3, 6 and 12 months were examined and serum lipids determined. Socioeconomic status (SES) was assessed using the validated Winkler Index.

Results
A higher maternal BMI was associated with a significantly lower Winkler score and a higher infant weight, height, head circumference and BMI from birth up to the 4th–5th week of life. In addition, the Winkler Index correlates with maternal HDL cholesterol and ApoA1 levels. There was no relation between the delivery mode and the maternal BMI or SES.
For the maternal HDL cholesterol concentration in the third trimester, an inverse relation to children’s height, weight, head circumference and BMI up to the first year of life as well as the chest and abdominal circumference to an age of 3 months was found. Children born to mothers with dyslipidemia in pregnancy tended to have a worse lipid profile than those born to normolipidemic mothers.

Conclusion
Serum lipid concentrations and anthropometric parameters of children in the first year of life are affected by multiple factors like maternal BMI, lipid levels and SES.
Effects of horizontal versus vertical switching of disease-modifying treatment after platform drugs on disease activity in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis in Austria
Authors: Guger Michael , Enzinger Christian , Leutmezer Fritz , Di Pauli Franziska , Kraus Jörg , Kalcher Stefan , Kvas Erich , Berger Thomas ,   the Austrian MS Treatment Registry (AMSTR)
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To compare in a nationwide observational cohort the effectiveness, frequency and reasons for treatment interruption of dimethylfumarate (DMF) and teriflunomide (TERI) (horizontal switchers) versus alemtuzumab (AZM), cladribine (CLAD), fingolimod (FTY), natalizumab (NTZ), ocrelizumab (OCR) and ozanimod (OZA) (vertical switchers) in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (pwRRMS) and prior interferon beta (IFN-beta) or glatiramer-acetate (GLAT) treatment.

Materials and methods
The “horizontal switch cohort” included 669 and the “vertical switch cohort” 800 RRMS patients. We used propensity scores for inverse probability weighting in generalized linear (GLM) and Cox proportional hazards models to correct for bias in this non-randomized registry study.

Results
Estimated mean annualized relapse rates (ARR) were 0.39 for horizontal and 0.17 for vertical switchers. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) in the GLM model showed an increased relapse probability of 86% for horizontal versus vertical switchers (IRR = 1.86; 95% CI 1.38–2.50; p < 0.001). Analyzing the time to the first relapse after treatment switch by Cox regression, a hazard ratio of 1.58 (95% CI 1.24–2.02; p < 0.001) indicated an increased risk of 58% for horizontal switchers. The hazard ratios for treatment interruption comparing horizontal versus vertical switchers were 1.78 (95% CI 1.46–2.18; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Horizontal switching after a platform therapy resulted in a higher relapse and interrupt probability and was associated with a trend towards less EDSS improvement comparing to vertical switching in Austrian RRMS patients.
nanoGold and µGold inhibit autoimmune inflammation: a review
Authors: Danscher Gorm , Rasmussen Sten 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe newest data on metallic gold have placed the noble metal central in the fight for the safe treatment of autoimmune inflammation. There are two different ways to use gold for the treatment of inflammation: gold microparticles > 20 µm and gold nanoparticles. The injection of gold microparticles (µGold) is a purely local therapy. µGold particles stay put where injected, and gold ions released from them are relatively few and taken up by cells within a sphere of only a few millimeters in diameter from their origin particles. The macrophage-induced release of gold ions may continue for years. Injection of gold nanoparticles (nanoGold), on the other hand, is spread throughout the whole body, and the bio-released gold ions, therefore, affect multitudes of cells all over the body, as when using gold-containing drugs such as Myocrisin. Since macrophages and other phagocytotic cells take up and transport nanoGold and remove it after a short period, repeated treatment is necessary. This review describes the details of the cellular mechanisms that lead to the bio-release of gold ions in µGold and nanoGold.
Total closure for permutation actions of finite nonabelian simple groups
Authors: Freedman Saul D. , Giudici Michael , Praeger Cheryl E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFor a positive integer k, a group G is said to be totally k-closed if for each set $$\Omega $$
Ω
upon which G acts faithfully, G is the largest subgroup of $$\textrm{Sym}(\Omega )$$

Sym
(
Ω
)

that leaves invariant each of the G-orbits in the induced action on $$\Omega \times \cdots \times \Omega =\Omega ^k$$

Ω
×
⋯
×
Ω
=

Ω
k

. Each finite group G is totally |G|-closed, and k(G) denotes the least integer k such that G is totally k-closed. We address the question of determining the closure number k(G) for finite simple groups G. Prior to our work it was known that $$k(G)=2$$

k
(
G
)
=
2

for cyclic groups of prime order and for precisely six of the sporadic simple groups, and that $$k(G)\geqslant 3$$

k
(
G
)
⩾
3

for all other finite simple groups. We determine the value for the alternating groups, namely $$k(A_n)=n-1$$

k
(

A
n

)
=
n
-
1

. In addition, for all simple groups G, other than alternating groups and classical groups, we show that $$k(G)\leqslant 7$$

k
(
G
)
⩽
7

. Finally, if G is a finite simple classical group with natural module of dimension n, we show that $$k(G)\leqslant n+2$$

k
(
G
)
⩽
n
+
2

if $$n \geqslant 14$$

n
⩾
14

, and $$k(G) \leqslant \lfloor n/3 + 12 \rfloor $$

k
(
G
)
⩽
⌊
n
/
3
+
12
⌋

otherwise, with smaller bounds achieved by certain families of groups. This is achieved by determining a uniform upper bound (depending on n and the type of G) on the base sizes of the primitive actions of G, based on known bounds for specific actions. We pose several open problems aimed at completing the determination of the closure numbers for finite simple groups.
Shunt dependency in supratentorial intraventricular tumors depends on the extent of tumor resection
Authors: Teske Nico , Chiquillo-Domínguez Mariana , Skrap Benjamin , Harter Patrick N. , Rejeski Kai , Blobner Jens , von Baumgarten Louisa , Tonn Joerg-Christian , Kunz Mathias , Thon Niklas , Karschnia Philipp 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Supratentorial intraventricular tumors (SIVTs) are rare lesions of various entities characteristically presenting with hydrocephalus and often posing a surgical challenge due to their deep-seated localization. We aimed to elaborate on shunt dependency after tumor resection, clinical characteristics, and perioperative morbidity.

Methods
We retrospectively searched the institutional database for patients with supratentorial intraventricular tumors treated at the Department of Neurosurgery of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University in Munich, Germany, between 2014 and 2022.

Results
We identified 59 patients with over 20 different SIVT entities, most often subependymoma (8/59 patients, 14%). Mean age at diagnosis was 41 ± 3 years. Hydrocephalus and visual symptoms were observed in 37/59 (63%) and 10/59 (17%) patients, respectively. Microsurgical tumor resection was provided in 46/59 patients (78%) with complete resection in 33/46 patients (72%). Persistent postoperative neurological deficits were encountered in 3/46 patients (7%) and generally mild in nature. Complete tumor resection was associated with less permanent shunting in comparison to incomplete tumor resection, irrespective of tumor histology (6% versus 31%, p = 0.025). Stereotactic biopsy was utilized in 13/59 patients (22%), including 5 patients who received synchronous internal shunt implantation for symptomatic hydrocephalus. Median overall survival was not reached and did not differ between patients with or without open resection.

Conclusions
SIVT patients display a high risk of developing hydrocephalus and visual symptoms. Complete resection of SIVTs can often be achieved, preventing the need for long-term shunting. Stereotactic biopsy along with internal shunting represents an effective approach to establish diagnosis and ameliorate symptoms if resection cannot be safely performed. Due to the rather benign histology, the outcome appears excellent when adjuvant therapy is provided.
Methylphenidate dose–response in children with ADHD: evidence from a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled titration trial
Authors: Vertessen Karen , Luman Marjolein , Swanson James M. , Bottelier Marco , Stoffelsen Reino , Bet Pierre , Wisse Annemiek , Twisk Jos W. R. , Oosterlaan Jaap 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMethylphenidate (MPH) is highly efficacious in reducing symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Generally increased doses are found to result in better symptom control; however, it remains unclear whether this pattern can be observed at the individual level, given the large heterogeneity in individual dose–response relationships and observed placebo responses. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over trial was used to compare weekly treatment with placebo and 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg of MPH twice daily on parent and teacher ratings of child ADHD symptoms and side effects. Participants were 5–13-year-old children with a DSM-5 diagnosis of ADHD (N = 45). MPH response was assessed at group and individual levels and predictors of individual dose–response curves were examined. Mixed model analysis showed positive linear dose–response curves at group level for parent and teacher rated ADHD symptoms and parent rated side effects, but not for teacher rated side effects. Teachers reported all dosages to improve ADHD symptoms compared to placebo, while parents only reported > 5 mg/dose as effective. At the individual level, most (73–88%) children, but not all, showed positive linear dose–response curves. Higher severity of hyperactive-impulsive symptoms and lower internalizing problems, lower weight, younger age and more positive opinions towards diagnosis and medication partly predicted steeper linear individual dose–response curves. Our study confirms that increased doses of MPH yield greater symptom control at a group level. However, large interindividual variation in the dose–response relationship was found and increased doses did not lead to greater symptom improvement for all children. This trial was registered in the Netherlands trial register (# NL8121).
Reply to comment on “climate sensitivity, agricultural productivity and the social cost of carbon in fund” by Philip Meyer
Authors: Dayaratna Kevin , McKitrick Ross 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMeyer (Environ Econ Policy Stud, 2022) questions a number of assumptions behind the social cost of carbon (SCC) calculations in Dayaratna et al. (Environ Econ Policy Stud 22:433–448, 2020), especially the CO2fertilization benefit and the climate sensitivity estimate. He recommends against increasing the CO2effect and suggests applying a recent climate sensitivity estimate in Lewis, Clim Dyn (2022), but did not calculate the resulting SCC distribution. Herein we critically assess his recommendations and compute the SCC distribution they imply. It has a median SCC value in 2050 of $3.39 and implies a 33.4 percent probability of the optimal carbon tax being negative. While a bit higher than the results in Dayaratna et al. (Environ Econ Policy Stud 22:433–448, 2020), they are not materially different for the purposes of setting optimal climate policy.
Where do knowledge-intensive firms locate in Germany?—An explanatory framework using exponential random graph modeling
Authors: Heidinger Mathias , Wenner Fabian , Sager Sebastian , Sussmann Paul , Thierstein Alain 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper analyzes how positional and relational data in 186 regions of Germany influence the location choices of knowledge-based firms. Where firms locate depends on specific local and interconnected resources, which are unevenly distributed in space. This paper presents an innovative way to study such firm location decisions through network analysis that relates exponential random graph modeling (ERGM) to the interlocking network model (INM). By combining attribute and relational data into a comprehensive dataset, we capture both the spatial point characteristics and the relationships between locations. Our approach departs from the general description of individual location decisions in cities and puts extensive networks of knowledge-intensive firms at the center of inquiry. This method can therefore be used to investigate the individual importance of accessibility and supra-local connectivity in firm networks. We use attributional data for transport (rail, air), universities, and population, each on a functional regional level; we use relational data for travel time (rail, road, air) and frequency of relations (rail, air) between two regions. The 186 functional regions are assigned to a three-level grade of urbanization, while knowledge-intensive economic activities are grouped into four knowledge bases. This research is vital to understand further the network structure under which firms choose locations. The results indicate that spatial features, such as the population of or universities in a region, seem to be favorable but also reveal distinct differences, i.e., the proximity to transport infrastructure and different valuations for accessibility for each knowledge base.
A mixed reality system combining augmented reality, 3D bio-printed physical environments and inertial measurement unit sensors for task planning
Authors: Kabuye Ernest , LeDuc Philip , Cagan Jonathan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSuccessful surgical operations are characterized by preplanning routines to be executed during actual surgical operations. To achieve this, surgeons rely on the experience acquired from the use of cadavers, enabling technologies like virtual reality (VR) and clinical years of practice. However, cadavers, having no dynamism and realism as they lack blood, can exhibit limited tissue degradation and shrinkage, while current VR systems do not provide amplified haptic feedback. This can impact surgical training increasing the likelihood of medical errors. This work proposes a novel Mixed Reality Combination System (MRCS) that pairs Augmented Reality (AR) technology and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor with 3D printed, collagen-based specimens that can enhance task performance like planning and execution. To achieve this, the MRCS charts out a path prior to a user task execution based on a visual, physical, and dynamic environment on the state of a target object by utilizing surgeon-created virtual imagery that, when projected onto a 3D printed biospecimen as AR, reacts visually to user input on its actual physical state. This allows a real-time user reaction of the MRCS by displaying new multi-sensory virtual states of an object prior to performing on the actual physical state of that same object enabling effective task planning. Tracked user actions using an integrated 9-Degree of Freedom IMU demonstrate task execution This demonstrates that a user, with limited knowledge of specific anatomy, can, under guidance, execute a preplanned task. In addition, to surgical planning, this system can be generally applied in areas such as construction, maintenance, and education.
Hepatitis C Virus prediction based on machine learning framework: a real-world case study in Egypt
Authors: Mamdouh Farghaly Heba , Shams Mahmoud Y. , Abd El-Hafeez Tarek 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrediction and classification of diseases are essential in medical science, as it attempts to immune the spread of the disease and discover the infected regions from the early stages. Machine learning (ML) approaches are commonly used for predicting and classifying diseases that are precisely utilized as an efficient tool for doctors and specialists. This paper proposes a prediction framework based on ML approaches to predict Hepatitis C Virus among healthcare workers in Egypt. We utilized real-world data from the National Liver Institute, founded at Menoufiya University (Menoufiya, Egypt). The collected dataset consists of 859 patients with 12 different features. To ensure the robustness and reliability of the proposed framework, we performed two scenarios: the first without feature selection and the second after the features are selected based on sequential forward selection (SFS). Furthermore, the feature subset selected based on the generated features from SFS is evaluated. Naïve Bayes, random forest (RF), K-nearest neighbor, and logistic regression are utilized as induction algorithms and classifiers for model evaluation. Then, the effect of parameter tuning on learning techniques is measured. The experimental results indicated that the proposed framework achieved higher accuracies after SFS selection than without feature selection. Moreover, the RF classifier achieved 94.06% accuracy with a minimum learning elapsed time of 0.54 s. Finally, after adjusting the hyperparameter values of the RF classifier, the classification accuracy is improved to 94.88% using only four features.
Onset and nature of flow-induced vibrations in cerebral aneurysms via fluid–structure interaction simulations
Authors: Bruneau David A. , Valen-Sendstad Kristian , Steinman David A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractClinical, experimental, and recent computational studies have demonstrated the presence of wall vibrations in cerebral aneurysms, thought to be induced by blood flow instability. These vibrations could induce irregular, high-rate deformation of the aneurysm wall, and potentially disrupt regular cell behavior and promote deleterious wall remodeling. In order to elucidate, for the first time, the onset and nature of such flow-induced vibrations, in this study we imposed a linearly increasing flow rate on high-fidelity fluid–structure interaction models of three anatomically realistic aneurysm geometries. Prominent narrow-band vibrations in the range of 100–500 Hz were found in two out of the three aneurysm geometries tested, while the case that did not exhibit flow instability did not vibrate. Aneurysm vibrations consisted mostly of fundamental modes of the entire aneurysm sac, with the vibrations exhibiting more frequency content at higher frequencies than the flow instabilities driving those vibrations. The largest vibrations occurred in the case which exhibited strongly banded fluid frequency content, and the vibration amplitude was highest when the strongest fluid frequency band was an integer multiple of one of the natural frequencies of the aneurysm sac. Lower levels of vibration occurred in the case which exhibited turbulent-like flow with no distinct frequency bands. The current study provides a plausible mechanistic explanation for the high-frequency sounds observed in cerebral aneurysms, and suggests that narrow-band (vortex-shedding type) flow might stimulate the wall more, or at least at lower flow rates, than broad-band, turbulent-like flow.