bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mpox: an updated review of dermatological manifestations in the current outbreak
Authors: Maronese Carlo Alberto , Avallone Gianluca , Aromolo Italo Francesco , Spigariolo Cristina Beatrice , Quattri Eleonora , Ramoni Stefano , Carrera Carlo Giovanni , Marzano Angelo Valerio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMpox is a disease caused by a double-stranded DNA orthopoxvirus discovered in 1958. In 2022, an outbreak on an unprecedented scale marked its transition from neglected, zoonotic disease circulating almost exclusively within African borders to sexually transmitted infection (STI) of international concern. Although phylogenetic evidence suggests progressive evolution from the strain associated with the 2018 outbreak in Nigeria, epidemiological links with previous cases have still not been completely elucidated. Clinically, mpox presents with systemic symptoms, such as fever, headache, malaise and a characteristic cutaneous eruption, similar to that of cognate viruses (e.g. smallpox). Mpox pseudopustules evolve through several stages, including umbilication and crusting, and resolve in the span of 2–3 weeks. The hallmarks that set the 2022 outbreak apart from classic mpox were a disproportionate number of cases occurring in men who have sex with men, an often localized cutaneous picture and a significant burden in terms of concomitant STIs. Investigations into the disease pathogenesis, related immune response, clinical and dermoscopic features, in addition to studies aimed at defining novel management strategies, have advanced mpox knowledge considerably. Herein, recent findings on mpox are reviewed, with a keen focus on dermatological manifestations and their implications in the current diagnostic scenario, reinforcing the pivotal role of dermatologists in managing suspect cases and preventing further spread of the contagion.
Modified artery-first approach for distal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection
Authors: Wang Huan , Shen Shuo , Ren Yiwei , Lin Xueru , Shi Xiaohan , Gao Suizhi , Li Bo , Yin Xiaoyi , Zhang Guoxiao , Liu Wuchao , Wang Jian , Han Jiawei , Zhu Lingyu , Xu Xiongfei , Shao Zhuo , Jing Wei , Song Bin , Cheng Peng , Guo Shiwei , Zheng Kailian , Jin Gang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
The superior mesenteric artery-first approach has been proved superior in pancreatoduodenectomy compared with the standard procedure. It is unclear whether similar benefits could be obtained in distal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection.

Methods
Perioperative and survival outcomes of patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection with the modified artery-first approach or traditional approach between January 2012 and September 2021 were compared.

Results
The entire cohort comprised 106 patients (modified artery-first approach, n = 35; traditional approach, n = 71). The most common complication was postoperative pancreatic fistula (n = 18, 17.0 per cent), followed by ischaemic complications (n = 17, 16.0 per cent) and surgical site infection (n = 15, 14.0 per cent). Intraoperative blood loss (400 versus 600 ml, P = 0.017) and intraoperative transfusion rate (8.6 versus 29.6 per cent, P = 0.015) were lower in the modified artery-first approach group compared with the traditional approach group. A higher number of harvested lymph nodes (18 versus 13, P = 0.030) and R0 resection rate (88.6 versus 70.4 per cent, P = 0.038) and a lower incidence of ischaemic complications (5.7 versus 21.1 per cent, P = 0.042) was observed in the modified artery-first approach group compared with the traditional approach group. In multivariable analysis, the modified artery-first approach (OR 0.006, 95 per cent c.i., 0 to 0.447; P = 0.020) was protective against ischaemic complications.

Conclusions
Compared with the traditional approach, the modified artery-first approach was associated with lower blood loss and fewer ischaemic complications, and a higher number of harvested lymph nodes and R0 resection rate. Thus, it might improve the safety, staging and prognosis of distal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection for pancreatic cancer.
TGFβ4 alleviates the phenotype of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A
Authors: Jeon Hyeonjin , Jang So Young , Kwak Geon , Yi Yong Weon , You Mi-Hyeon , Park Na Young , Jo Ju Hee , Yang Ji Won , Jang Hye Ji , Jeong Sun-Young , Moon Seung Kee , Doo Hyun Myung , Nahm Minyeop , Kim Donghoon , Chang Jong Wook , Choi Byung-Ok , Hong Young Bin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The duplication of the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) gene causes a demyelinating type of neuropathy, commonly known as Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A). Development of effective drugs for CMT1A still remains as an unmet medical need.
In the present study, we assessed the role of the transforming growth factor beta 4 (TGFβ4)/Nodal axis in the pathogenesis of CMT1A.
First, we identified PMP22 overexpression-induced Nodal expression in Schwann cells, which might be one of the downstream effectors in CMT1A. Administration of Nodal protein at the developmental stage of peripheral nerves induced the demyelinating phenotype in vivo. Second, we further isolated TGFβ4 as an antagonist that could abolish Nodal-induced demyelination. Finally, we developed a recombinant TGFβ4–fragment crystallizable (Fc) fusion protein, CX201, and demonstrated that its application had promyelinating efficacy in Schwann cells. CX201 administration improved the demyelinating phenotypes of CMT1A mouse models at both pre-symptomatic and post-symptomatic stages.
These results suggest that the TGFβ4/Nodal axis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CMT1A and might be a potential therapeutic target for CMT1A.
Severe Falciparum and Vivax Malaria on the Thailand-Myanmar Border: A Review of 1503 Cases
Authors: Chu Cindy S , Stolbrink Marie , Stolady Daniel , Saito Makoto , Beau Candy , Choun Kan , Wah Tha Gay , Mu Ne , Htoo Klay , Nu Be , Keereevijit Arunrot , Wiladpaingern Jacher , Carrara Verena , Phyo Aung Pyae , Lwin Khin Maung , Luxemburger Christine , Proux Stephane , Charunwatthana Prakaykaew , McGready Rose , White Nicholas J , Nosten François 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe northwestern border of Thailand is an area of low seasonal malaria transmission. Until recent successful malaria elimination activities, malaria was a major cause of disease and death. Historically the incidences of symptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria were approximately similar.MethodsAll malaria cases managed in the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit along the Thailand-Myanmar border between 2000 and 2016 were reviewed.ResultsThere were 80 841 consultations for symptomatic P. vivax and 94 467 for symptomatic P. falciparum malaria. Overall, 4844 (5.1%) patients with P. falciparum malaria were admitted to field hospitals, of whom 66 died, compared with 278 (0.34%) with P. vivax malaria, of whom 4 died (3 had diagnoses of sepsis, so the contribution of malaria to their fatal outcomes is uncertain). Applying the 2015 World Health Organization severe malaria criteria, 68 of 80 841 P. vivax admissions (0.08%) and 1482 of 94 467 P. falciparum admissions (1.6%) were classified as severe. Overall, patients with P. falciparum malaria were 15 (95% confidence interval, 13.2–16.8) times more likely than those with P. vivax malaria to require hospital admission, 19 (14.6–23.8) times more likely to develop severe malaria, and ≥14 (5.1–38.7) times more likely to die.ConclusionsIn this area, both P. falciparum and P. vivax infections were important causes of hospitalization, but life-threatening P. vivax illness was rare.
Diversity, distribution, and bioprospecting potentials of manglicolous yeasts: a review
Authors: Nimsi Kizhakkeyveetil AbdulSaleem , Manjusha Kozhikotte , Hatha Ammanamveetil Abdulla Mohamed , Kathiresan Kandasamy 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Manglicolous yeasts are those that inhabit mangroves. Being adapted to survive extreme environmental variations, these yeasts possess traits that are desirable in terms of bioprospecting potential. Yeasts have been successfully isolated from different microhabitats within the mangrove ecosystem, including vegetation, water, sediments, and invertebrates. They have been found to be most abundant in sediments and water. Manglicolous yeasts are highly diverse unlike previously assumed. Yeasts belonging to the phyla Ascomycetes are more common in mangrove ecosystems than Basidiomycetes. Candida, Cryptococcus, Debaryomyces, Geotrichum, Kluyveromyces, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, and Pichia were some of the dominant yeast genera, which are cosmopolitan in distribution. New species yeasts such as Vishniacozyma changhuana and V. taiwanica are also known from mangroves. A compilation of isolation and identification methods employed for manglicolous yeast culture is provided in this review. Culture-independent approaches to understanding yeast diversities have also been introduced. The bioprospecting potentials of manglicolous yeasts have been highlighted these include enzymes, xylitol, biofuel, single-cell oil, anticancer agents, antimicrobials, and biosurfactants. Manglicolous yeast also finds application as biocontrol agents, bioremediators, single-cell proteins, food and feed, and immunostimulants. Our knowledge of the diversity and economical prospects of manglicolous yeasts is limited and likely to remain so as mangroves are disappearing fast. Therefore, this review is an attempt to give insight into these aspects.
Remaining non-isostatic effects in isostatic-gravimetric Moho determination—is it needed?
Authors: Abrehdary M , Sjöberg L E 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARY
For long time the study of the Moho discontinuity (or Moho) has been a crucial topic in inferring the dynamics of the Earth's interior, and with profitable result it is mapped by seismic data, but due to the heterogeneous distribution of such data the quality varies over the world. Nevertheless, with the advent of satellite gravity missions, it is today possible to recover the Moho constituents (i.e. Moho depth; MD and Moho density contrast; MDC) via gravity observations based on isostatic models. Prior to using gravity observations for this application it must be stripped due to the gravitational contributions of known anomalous crustal density structures, mainly density variations of oceans, glacial ice sheets and sediment basins (i.e. stripping gravity corrections). In addition, the gravity signals related mainly with masses below the crust must also be removed. The main purpose of this study is to estimate the significance of removing also remaining non-isostatic effects (RNIEs) on gravity, that is, gravity effects that remain after the stripping corrections. This is carried out by using CRUST19 seismic crustal model and employing Vening Meinesz–Moritz (VMM) gravimetric-isostatic model in recovering the Moho constituents on a global scale to a resolution of 1° × 1°. To reach this goal, we present a new model, named MHUU22, formed by the SGGUGM2 gravitational field, Earth2014 topography, CRUST1.0 and CRUST19 seismic crustal models. Particularly, this study has its main emphasis on the RNIEs on gravity and Moho constituents to find out if we can modify the stripping gravity corrections by a specific correction of the RNIEs. The numerical results illustrate that the RMS differences between MHUU22 MD and the seismic model CRUST1.0 and least-squares combined model MOHV21 are reduced by 33 and 41 per cent by applying the NIEs, and the RMS differences between MHUU22 MDC and the seismic model CRUST1.0 and least-squares combined model MDC21 are reduced by 41 and 23 per cent when the above strategy for removing the RNIEs is applied. Hence, our study demonstrates that the specific correction for the RNIEs on gravity disturbance is significant, resulting in remarkable improvements in MHUU22, which more clearly visualize several crustal structures.
The Definition, Presentation and Automatic Generation of Contextual Data in Lexicography
Authors: Domínguez Vázquez María José , Gouws Rufus H 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper deals with several aspects of context in lexicography. Section 1 briefly mentions some different approaches to the concept context in various fields. Section 2 puts the focus on different uses and perceptions of the concept context in lexicography, contrasting it with related concepts, such as cotext, contextualization and contextual information. A more comprehensive discussion also covers different aspects of the occurrence of the concept context in dictionary research, with specific reference to central aspects of the so-called inner and outer context. Various portals, dictionaries and dictionary entries will illustrate the above-mentioned approaches. Section 3 approaches the subject from a user perspective. Section 4 addresses the question How can contextual data be extracted or generated? To answer this question, some methods and tools for (automatic) acquisition and analysis of contextual data, – in particular of the local contextual data in terms of Faber and León-Araúz (2016) – are introduced. Examples of these are lexical databases or semantic networks, like WordNet, and corpora, like Sketch Engine, or predictive methods, like Word2vec and similar ones. Some advantages and disadvantages of specific data acquisition tools used for the analysis of local contextual data are indicated. This section also contributes to a more detailed discussion of the automatic generation of the so-called local syntactic-semantic context or word environment, specifically of the building of syntactic-semantic argument patterns and their examples.
Ghost Distributions on Supersymmetric Spaces II: Basic Classical Superalgebras
Authors: Sherman Alexander 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe study ghost distributions on supersymmetric spaces for the case of basic classical Lie superalgebras. We introduce the notion of interlaced pairs, which are those for which both $({\mathfrak{g}},{\mathfrak{k}})$ and $({\mathfrak{g}},{\mathfrak{k}}^{\prime})$ admit Iwasawa decompositions. For such pairs, we define a ghost algebra, generalizing the subalgebra of ${\mathcal{U}}{\mathfrak{g}}$ defined by Gorelik. We realize this algebra as an algebra of $G$-equivariant operators on the supersymmetric space itself, and for certain pairs, the “special” ones, we realize our operators as twisted-equivariant differential operators on $G/K$. We additionally show that the Harish-Chandra morphism is injective, compute its image for all rank one pairs, and provide a conjecture for the image when $({\mathfrak{g}},{\mathfrak{k}})$ is interlaced.
Pathogenesis of Aerosolized Ebola Virus Variant Makona in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Prasad Abhishek N , Fenton Karla A , Agans Krystle N , Borisevich Viktoriya , Woolsey Courtney , Comer Jason E , Dobias Natalie S , Peel Jennifer E , Deer Daniel J , Geisbert Joan B , Lawrence William S , Cross Robert W , Geisbert Thomas W 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Highly pathogenic filoviruses such as Ebola virus (EBOV) hold capacity for delivery by artificial aerosols, and thus potential for intentional misuse. Previous studies have shown that high doses of EBOV delivered by small-particle aerosol cause uniform lethality in nonhuman primates (NHPs), whereas only a few small studies have assessed lower doses in NHPs.

Methods
To further characterize the pathogenesis of EBOV infection via small-particle aerosol, we challenged cohorts of cynomolgus monkeys with low doses of EBOV variant Makona, which may help define risks associated with small particle aerosol exposures.

Results
Despite using challenge doses orders of magnitude lower than previous studies, infection via this route was uniformly lethal across all cohorts. Time to death was delayed in a dose-dependent manner between aerosol-challenged cohorts, as well as in comparison to animals challenged via the intramuscular route. Here, we describe the observed clinical and pathological details including serum biomarkers, viral burden, and histopathological changes leading to death.

Conclusions
Our observations in this model highlight the striking susceptibility of NHPs, and likely humans, via small-particle aerosol exposure to EBOV and emphasize the need for further development of diagnostics and postexposure prophylactics in the event of intentional release via deployment of an aerosol-producing device.
Antibacterial effects in blood irradiated with a polychromatic device mediated through reactive oxygen species: possible involvement of haem
Authors: Willmott Thomas , Humphreys Gavin , Chappell-Jones Krista , Dickinson Mark , Lu Jian R , Hamblin Michael R , Dark Paul , McBain Andrew J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The antibacterial effects of a polychromatic light device designed for intravenous application were assessed in vitro. Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Escherichia coli were exposed to a 60-min sequential light cycle comprising 365, 530, and 630 nm wavelengths in circulated sheep blood. Bacteria were quantified by viable counting. The potential involvement of reactive oxygen species in the antibacterial effect was assessed using the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine-amide. A modified device was then used to determine the effects of the individual wavelengths. Exposure of blood to the standard wavelength sequence caused small (c. 0.5 Log 10 CFU) but statistically significant reductions in viable counts for all three bacteria, which were prevented by the addition of N-acetylcysteine-amide. Bacterial inactivation did not occur in blood-free medium, but supplementation with haem restored the moderate bactericidal effect. In single-wavelength experiments, bacterial inactivation occurred only with red (630 nm) light. Concentrations of reactive oxygen species were significantly higher under light stimulation than in unstimulated controls. In summary, exposure of bacteria within blood to a cycle of visible light wavelengths resulted in small but statistically significant bacterial inactivation apparently mediated by a 630 nm wavelength only, via reactive oxygen species possibly generated by excitation of haem groups.
The dynamics of debris streams from tidal disruption events: exact solutions, critical stream density, and hydrogen recombination
Authors: Coughlin Eric R 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
A star destroyed by a supermassive black hole (SMBH) in a tidal disruption event (TDE) is transformed into a filamentary structure known as a tidally disrupted stellar debris stream. We show that when ideal gas pressure dominates the thermodynamics of the stream, there is an exact solution to the hydrodynamics equations that describes the stream evolution and accounts for self-gravity, pressure, the dynamical expansion of the gas, and the transverse structure of the stream. We analyse the stability of this solution to cylindrically symmetric perturbations, and show that there is a critical stream density below which the stream is unstable and is not self-gravitating; this critical density is a factor of at least 40–50 smaller than the stream density in a TDE. Above this critical density the stream is overstable, self-gravity confines the stream, the oscillation period is exponentially long, and the growth rate of the overstability scales as t1/6. The power-law growth and small power-law index of the overstability implies that the stream is effectively stable to cylindrically symmetric perturbations. We also use this solution to analyse the effects of hydrogen recombination, and suggest that even though recombination substantially increases the gas entropy, it is likely incapable of completely destroying the influence of self-gravity. We also show that the transient produced by recombination is far less luminous than previous estimates.
The PAU survey: close galaxy pairs identification and analysis
Authors: Gonzalez E J , Rodriguez F , Navarro-Gironés D , Gaztañaga E , Siudek M , García Lambas D , O’Mill A L , Renard P , Cabayol L , Carretero J , Casas R , De Vicente J , Eriksen M , Fernandez E , Garcia-Bellido J , Hildebrandt H , Miquel R , Padilla C , Sanchez E , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Tallada-Crespí P , Wittje A 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Galaxy pairs constitute the initial building blocks of galaxy evolution, which is driven through merger events and interactions. Thus, the analysis of these systems can be valuable in understanding galaxy evolution and studying structure formation. In this work, we present a new publicly available catalogue of close galaxy pairs identified using photometric redshifts provided by the Physics of the Accelerating Universe Survey (PAUS). To efficiently detect them, we take advantage of the high-precision photo−z (σ68 &lt; 0.02) and apply an identification algorithm previously tested using simulated data. This algorithm considers the projected distance between the galaxies (rp &lt; 50 kpc), the projected velocity difference (ΔV &lt; 3500 km s−1) and an isolation criterion to obtain the pair sample. We applied this technique to the total sample of galaxies provided by PAUS and to a subset with high-quality redshift estimates. Finally, the most relevant result we achieved was determining the mean mass for several subsets of galaxy pairs selected according to their total luminosity, colour, and redshift, using galaxy–galaxy lensing estimates. For pairs selected from the total sample of PAUS with a mean r-band luminosity 1010.6 h−2 L⊙, we obtain a mean mass of M200 = 1012.2 h−1 M⊙, compatible with the mass–luminosity ratio derived for elliptical galaxies. We also study the mass-to-light ratio M/L as a function of the luminosity L and find a lower M/L (or steeper slope with L) for pairs than the one extrapolated from the measurements in groups and galaxy clusters.
Scalable precision wide-field imaging in radio interferometry: I. uSARA validated on ASKAP data
Authors: Wilber A G , Dabbech A , Jackson A , Wiaux Y 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
As Part I of a paper series showcasing a new imaging framework, we consider the recently proposed unconstrained Sparsity Averaging Reweighted Analysis (uSARA) optimization algorithm for wide-field, high-resolution, high-dynamic range, monochromatic intensity imaging. We reconstruct images from real radio-interferometric observations obtained with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) and present these results in comparison to the widely used, state-of-the-art imager WSClean . Selected fields come from the ASKAP Early Science and Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU) Pilot surveys and contain several complex radio sources: the merging cluster system Abell 3391-95, the merging cluster SPT-CL 2023-5535, and many extended, or bent-tail, radio galaxies, including the X-shaped radio galaxy PKS 2014-558 and ‘the dancing ghosts’, known collectively as PKS 2130-538. The modern framework behind uSARA utilizes parallelization and automation to solve for the w -effect and efficiently compute the measurement operator, allowing for wide-field reconstruction over the full field-of-view of individual ASKAP beams (up to ∼3.3° each). The precision capability of uSARA produces images with both super-resolution and enhanced sensitivity to diffuse components, surpassing traditional CLEAN algorithms that typically require a compromise between such yields. Our resulting monochromatic uSARA-ASKAP images of the selected data highlight both extended, diffuse emission and compact, filamentary emission at very high resolution (up to 2.2 arcsec), revealing never-before-seen structure. Here we present a validation of our uSARA-ASKAP images by comparing the morphology of reconstructed sources, measurements of diffuse flux, and spectral index maps with those obtained from images made with WSClean .