bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term efficacy and safety of ravulizumab in adults with anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive generalized myasthenia gravis: results from the phase 3 CHAMPION MG open-label extension
Authors: Meisel Andreas , Annane Djillali , Vu Tuan , Mantegazza Renato , Katsuno Masahisa , Aguzzi Rasha , Frick Glen , Gault Laura , Howard James F. ,   the CHAMPION MG Study Group
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Ravulizumab demonstrated efficacy and an acceptable safety profile versus placebo in the randomized controlled period (RCP) of the phase 3 CHAMPION MG trial in patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive generalized myasthenia gravis. We report an interim analysis of the ongoing open-label extension (OLE) designed to evaluate long-term treatment effects.

Methods
Following completion of the 26-week RCP, patients could enter the OLE; patients who received ravulizumab in the RCP continued the drug; patients who previously received placebo switched to ravulizumab. Patients receive body-weight-based maintenance dosing of ravulizumab every 8 weeks. Efficacy endpoints up to 60 weeks included Myasthenia Gravis–Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) and Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (QMG) scores, with least-squares (LS) mean change and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) reported.

Results
Long-term efficacy and safety in the OLE were analyzed in 161 and 169 patients, respectively. Improvements in all scores were maintained through 60 weeks in patients who received ravulizumab during the RCP; LS mean change from RCP baseline in MG-ADL score was − 4.0 (95% CI: − 4.8, − 3.1; p < 0.0001). Rapid (within 2 weeks) and sustained improvements occurred in patients previously receiving placebo; LS mean change in MG-ADL score from OLE baseline to Week 60 was − 1.7 (95% CI: − 2.7, − 0.8; p = 0.0007). Similar trends were seen in QMG scores. Ravulizumab treatment was associated with a decreased rate of clinical deterioration events compared with placebo. Ravulizumab was well tolerated; no meningococcal infections were reported.

Conclusion
Findings support the sustained efficacy and long-term safety of ravulizumab, administered every 8 weeks, in adults with anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive generalized myasthenia gravis.
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03920293; EudraCT: 2018-003243-39.
Carimas: An Extensive Medical Imaging Data Processing Tool for Research
Authors: Rainio Oona , Han Chunlei , Teuho Jarmo , Nesterov Sergey V. , Oikonen Vesa , Piirola Sauli , Laitinen Timo , Tättäläinen Marko , Knuuti Juhani , Klén Riku 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCarimas is a multi-purpose medical imaging data processing tool, which can be used to visualize, analyze, and model different medical images in research. Originally, it was developed only for positron emission tomography data in 2009, but the use of this software has extended to many other tomography imaging modalities, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Carimas is especially well-suited for analysis of three- and four-dimensional image data and creating polar maps in modeling of cardiac perfusion. This article explores various parts of Carimas, including its key features, program structure, and application possibilities.
Documenting resistance, conflict and violence: a scoping review of the role of participatory digital platforms in the mobilisation of resistance
Authors: Fife Kirsty , Flinn Andrew , Nyhan Julianne 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn recent years, grassroots movements have gained traction and significant numbers globally. Against longer histories of resistance and protest movements’ mobilisation of documentation, mechanisation and digital technologies, this scoping literature review seeks to understand how resistance and social movements have drawn upon the participatory and easily accessible nature of social media and digital platforms to mobilise new generations of activists, create new archives, document activities and abuses, call for accountability and overwrite or challenge the narratives put forward by mainstream media outlets and state archives. We identify relevant projects, explore the activist potential and threats of the combination of digital technologies, social movements, and documentary or archival practice, before concluding by identifying open research questions in relation to digital technologies, social movements and archival practice.
Feasibility of introducing a smartphone navigation application into the care of breast cancer patients (The FIONA Study)
Authors: Isakoff Steven J. , Said Maya R. , Kwak Agnes H. , Glieberman Eva , O’Rourke Emily A. , Stroiney Amanda , Spring Laura M. , Moy Beverly , Bardia Aditya , Horick Nora , Peppercorn Jeffrey M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Patients with breast cancer (BC) face complex medical information and decisions. The Outcomes4Me mobile app provides evidence-based BC education, symptom management tracking and clinical trial matching. This study sought to evaluate the feasibility of introducing this app into routine BC care.

Methods
In this pilot study among BC patients undergoing therapy at an academic cancer center, patients were followed for 12 weeks with survey administration and electronic health record (EHR) abstraction at baseline and completion. Feasibility was defined as 40% of patients engaging with the app 3 or more times during the study. Additional endpoints included app usability (system usability scale), patient care experience, symptom evaluation, and clinical trial matching.

Results
The study enrolled 107 patients from 6/01/2020 to 3/31/2021. Utilization of the app was deemed feasible with 60% of patients engaging with the app at least 3 times. SUS score of 70 indicated above average usability. New diagnosis and higher education level was associated with greater app engagement, with usability similar across all age groups. 41% of patients found the app helped track symptoms. Cognitive and sexual symptoms were infrequently reported, but were more frequently captured in the app than in the EHR. After using the app, 33% of patients reported increased interest in clinical trial enrollment.

Conclusion
Introducing the Outcomes4Me patient navigation app into routine BC care is feasible and may improve the patient experience. These results support further evaluation of this mobile technology platform to improve BC education, symptom management, and decision making.

Clinical trial registry
Clinicaltrials.gov registration #: NCT04262518
Advances in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer-related lymphedema
Authors: Donahue Paula M. C. , MacKenzie Adrien , Filipovic Aleksandra , Koelmeyer Louise 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) represents a lifelong risk for breast cancer survivors and once acquired becomes a lifelong burden. This review summarizes current BCRL prevention and treatment strategies.

Findings
Risk factors for BCRL have been extensively studied and their identification has affected breast cancer treatment practice, with sentinel lymph node removal now standard of care for patients with early stage breast cancer without sentinel lymph node metastases. Early surveillance and timely management aim to reduce BCRL incidence and progression, and are further facilitated by patient education, which many breast cancer survivors report not having adequately received. Surgical approaches to BCRL prevention include axillary reverse mapping, lymphatic microsurgical preventative healing (LYMPHA) and Simplified LYMPHA (SLYMPHA). Complete decongestive therapy (CDT) remains the standard of care for patients with BCRL. Among CDT components, facilitating manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) using indocyanine green fluorescence lymphography has been proposed. Intermittent pneumatic compression, nonpneumatic active compression devices, and low-level laser therapy appear promising in lymphedema management. Reconstructive microsurgical techniques such as lymphovenous anastomosis and vascular lymph node transfer are growing surgical considerations for patients as well as liposuction-based procedures for addressing fatty fibrosis formation from chronic lymphedema. Long-term self-management adherence remains problematic, and lack of diagnosis and measurement consensus precludes a comparison of outcomes. Currently, no pharmacological approaches have proven successful.

Conclusion
Progress in prevention and treatment of BCRL continues, requiring advances in early diagnosis, patient education, expert consensus and novel treatments designed for lymphatic rehabilitation following insults.
The value of case reports in rare oncological scenarios: mixed method analysis of colorectal metastases from breast cancer
Authors: Nagtegaal I. D. , Snoek J. A. A. , Bult P. , Tol J. , Siesling S. , Voorham Q. J. , Hugen N. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith improved survival of cancer patients, we increasingly encounter infrequent metastatic locations. While for the common metastatic locations both prognostic information as well as evidence-based guidelines are available, for rare locations we have to rely on anecdotal case reports, the value of which is currently unknown. Therefore, we performed a systemic literature review and compare the results with a large national real-life cohort focussed on breast cancer patients with colorectal metastases. We performed a systematic literature search for breast cancer patients with colorectal metastases. Autopsy studies were excluded. Data on stage, histological factors, treatment and outcome were extracted. All identified cases were analysed as individual patients. The real-life cohort was extracted from the nationwide Dutch pathology databank. Linkage with the Netherlands Cancer Registry provided clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome data. Survival analyses and univariate regression were performed to identify relevant features for future treatment decisions. We identified 308 patients from 207 studies in the literature, and 454 patients in the real-life cohort. Colorectal metastases were the first metastatic event in 42.5% and 47.0% respectively. Cohorts were comparable for age, gender, location and hormone status, but differed in tumour type, stage and treatment. The time to colorectal metastases was similar in both cohorts (median of 68 months), and was dependent on presence of other metastases, nodal status, and primary breast surgery. The median overall survival after development of colorectal metastases was 20.6 months (95%CI 18.0–23.1 months). Despite a potential publication bias and lack of complete data for patients in the case report series, we have shown that an extensive systematic review can provide data that are comparable to real-life data, which can be used for decision-making and informing patients. Colorectal metastases are a late event in breast cancer patients, that is not associated with a detrimental survival.
Computer vision syndrome-related symptoms in presbyopic computer workers
Authors: Galindo-Romero Caridad , Rodríguez-Zamora Celia L. , García-Ayuso Diego , Di Pierdomenico Johnny , Valiente-Soriano Francisco J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the prevalence of computer vision syndrome (CVS)-related symptoms in a presbyopic population using the computer as the main work tool, as well as the relationship of CVS with the electronic device use habits and the ergonomic factors.

Methods
A sample of 198 presbyopic participants (aged 45–65 years) who regularly work with a computer completed a customised questionnaire divided into: general demographics, optical correction commonly used and for work, habits of electronic devices use, ergonomic conditions during the working hours and CVS-related symptoms during work performance. A total of 10 CVS-related symptoms were questioned indicating the severity with which they occurred (0–4) and the median total symptom score (MTSS) was calculated as the sum of the symptoms.

Results
The MTSS in this presbyopic population is 7 ± 5 symptoms. The most common symptoms reported by participants are dry eyes, tired eyes and difficulties in refocusing. MTSS is higher in women (p < 0.05), in laptop computer users (p < 0.05) and in teleworkers compared to office workers (p < 0.05). Regarding ergonomic conditions, MTSS is higher in participants who do not take breaks while working (p < 0.05), who have an inadequately lighting in the workspace (p < 0.05) and in the participants reporting neck (p < 0.01) or back pain (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
There is a relationship between CVS-related symptoms, the use of electronic devices and the ergonomic factors, which indicates the importance of adapting workplaces, especially for home-based teleworkers, and following basic visual ergonomics rules.
Transdiagnostic Symptoms in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities and Perceived Parent-Child Relationship Quality: A Pilot Study
Authors: Vashi Nisha , Bohr Yvonne , Weiss Jonathan A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis pilot study examined associations between transdiagnostic symptoms and parent-perceived parent-child relationship quality in treatment-seeking families of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities, and interactions among clinical symptoms and cognitive functioning. Sixty-three children between 8 to 13 years of age and their caregivers were assessed at baseline while seeking cognitive behaviour therapy for emotion regulation and mental health difficulties. Diagnoses included autism, ADHD, cerebral palsy, and learning disability, with 52% of children having multiple diagnoses. Parent-perceived parent-child relationship quality was assessed by the Positive Affect Index, autism symptoms (e.g., social communication, repetitive behaviours) by the Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition, mental health (i.e., internalizing problems, externalizing problems, behavioural symptoms) by the Behaviour Assessment Scale for Children, Third Edition, and IQ by the Weschler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, Second Edition. Results revealed that higher IQ scores and greater social communication challenges, externalizing problems, and behavioural symptoms, were associated with lower parent-child relationship quality. Interaction effects were found between IQ and social communication challenges, reflecting significantly stronger relationships between social communication challenges and lower parent-child relationship quality in the context of higher IQ. Understanding the interactions between cognitive functioning and social communication challenges can help to inform individualized supports, and advocate for a transdiagnostic approach to intervention.
Investigate the Possibility of Using Phosphorescence in Clinical Oncology as an Early Prognostic Test in Detecting Brain Carcinogenesis
Authors: Vinnyk Yuriy O. , Kryvoruchko Igor A. , Boyko Valeriy V. , Ivanova Yulia V. , Gramatiuk Svetlana , Sargsyan Karine 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Phosphorescence is considered one of the non-invasive glioblastoma testing methods based on studying molecular energy and the metabolism of L-tryptophan (Trp) through KP, which provides essential information on regulating immunity and neuronal function. This study aimed to conduct a feasibility study using phosphorescence in clinical oncology as an early prognostic test in detecting Glioblastoma. This study was conducted on 1039 patients who were operated on with follow-up between January 1, 2014, and December 1, 2022, and retrospectively evaluated in participating institutions in Ukraine (the Department of Oncology, Radiation Therapy, Oncosurgery, and Palliative Care at the Kharkiv National Medical University). Method of protein phosphorescence detection included two steps. During the first step, of luminol-dependent phosphorescence intensity in serum was carried out after its activation by the light source, according to the spectrofluorimeter method, as follows. At a temperature of 30 °C, serum drops were dried for 20 min to form a solid film. After that, we put the quartz plate with dried serum in a phosphoroscope of luminescent complex and measured the intensity. With the help of Max-Flux Diffraction Optic Parallel Beam Graded Multilayer Monochromator (Rigaku Americas Corporation) following spectral lines as 297, 313, 334, 365, 404, and 434 nm were distinguished and absorbed by serum film in the form of light quantum. The monochromator exit split width was 0.5 mm. Considering the limitations of each of the non-invasive tools currently available, phosphorescence-based diagnostic methods are ideally integrated into the NIGT platform: a non-invasive approach for visualizing a tumor and its main tumor characteristics in the spatial and temporal order. Because trp is present in virtually every cell in the body, these fluorescent and phosphorescent fingerprints can be used to detect cancer in many different organs. Using phosphorescence, it is possible to create predictive models for GBM in both primary and secondary diagnostics. This will assist clinicians in selecting the appropriate treatment option, monitoring treatment, and adapting to the era of patient-centered precision medicine.
Australian Catholics’ Lived Experiences of COVID-19 Church Closures
Authors: Martyr Philippa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn 2020, Australian Catholic churches closed due to COVID-19 restrictions, but there has been little qualitative data published on the lived experience of churchgoing Catholics in this period. Data from 175 Australian churchgoing Catholic survey participants who left responses describing their COVID-19 worship experiences as part of a larger project revealed five major themes: ‘Church and State’, ‘Blessings in disguise’, ‘Polarisation’, ‘Future proofing’, and ‘Loss’. Respondents expressed a diverse range of views about the church leadership, lockdowns, conspiracy theories, the merits and deficits of online worship, and their own thriving or suffering during church closures.
Role of global public sector research in discovering new drugs and vaccines
Authors: Stevens Ashley J. , Benson David E. , Dodson Sara E. , Jensen Jonathan J. , Rohrbaugh Mark L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAnalysis of international public-sector contributions to Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs and vaccines allows for a more thorough examination of the global biomedical innovation ecosystem by institution of origin. Using new and existing methods, we have identified 364 FDA-approved drugs and vaccines approved from 1973 to 2016 discovered in whole or in part by Public Sector Research Institutions (PSRIs) worldwide. We identified product-specific intellectual property contributions to FDA-approved small molecule and biologic drugs and vaccines from the FDA Orange Book, our peer network, published studies, and three new sources: reports of medical product manufacturers’ payments to physicians and teaching hospitals under The Sunshine Act of 2010, a paper by Kneller and 64 royalty monetization transactions by academic institutions and/or their faculty that one of us (AS) maintains. We include a total of 293 drugs discovered either wholly by a US PSRI or jointly by a U.S. and a non-U.S. PSRI. 119 FDA-approved drugs and vaccines were discovered by PSRIs outside the U.S. Of these, 71 were solely discovered outside the US, while 48 also involved intellectual property contributions by US PSRIs. In the context of the global public sector landscape, the US dominates drug discovery, accounting for two-thirds of these drugs and many of the important, innovative vaccines introduced over the past 30 years. Contributions by Canada, UK, Germany, Belgium, Japan, and others each amount to 5.4% or less of the total.
The use of PROMIS measures in clinical studies in patients with inflammatory arthritis: a systematic review
Authors: Teuwen M. M. H. , Knaapen I. R. E. , Vliet Vlieland T. P. M. , Schoones J. W. , van den Ende C. H. M. , van Weely S. F. E. , Gademan M. G. J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Although the use of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures is widely advocated, little is known on their use in patients with inflammatory arthritis. We systematically describe the use and outcomes of PROMIS measures in clinical studies involving people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).

Methods
A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Through a systematic search of nine electronic databases, clinical studies including patients with RA or axSpA and reporting the use of PROMIS measure were selected. Study characteristics, details of PROMIS measures and their outcomes, if available, were extracted.

Results
In total, 29 studies described in 40 articles met the inclusion criteria, of which 25 studies included RA patients, three studies included axSpA patients and one study included both RA and axSpA patients. The use of two general PROMIS measures (PROMIS Global Health, PROMIS-29) and 13 different domain-specific PROMIS measures was reported, of which the PROMIS Pain Interference (n = 17), Physical Function (n = 14), Fatigue (n = 13), and Depression (n = 12) measures were most frequently used. Twenty-one studies reported their results in terms of T-scores. Most T-scores were worse than the general population mean, indicating impairments of health status. Eight studies did not report actual data but rather measurement properties of the PROMIS measures.

Conclusion
There was considerable variety regarding the different PROMIS measures used, with the PROMIS Pain interference, Physical function, Fatigue, and Depression measures being the most frequently used. In order to facilitate the comparisons across studies, more standardization of the selection of PROMIS measures is needed.
Waviness Affects Friction and Abrasive Wear
Authors: Li Yulong , Garabedian Nikolay , Schneider Johannes , Greiner Christian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAbrasive wear can have a detrimental effect on machinery, especially in the mining and construction industries. To prolong machinery lifetime and cut down energy consumption, a thorough understanding of abrasive wear is essential: surface topography measurement and interpretation (including form, waviness, and roughness) are vitally important. However, the potentially crucial influence of surface topography intricacies on tribological behavior has been obscured since roughness and waviness are considered simple scalar quantities in most cases (e.g., roughness Ra and waviness Wt). In this work, the complete waviness profile of the sliding track was used to shed light on the influence of surface topography on abrasive wear. Bearing steel (100Cr6, AISI 52100) pins and disks were tribologically tested in a flat-on-flat contact with Al2O3-based slurries as interfacial medium. Using slurries with two different particle sizes, 5 and 13 μm, we found that friction fluctuates only with small abrasive particles (5-µm slurry) and relatively low waviness disks. It was found that even small surface deviations (albeit minimized and controlled for) can significantly increase the friction coefficient—up to 91%. Remarkably, not only are frictional fluctuations strongly correlated with the disk’s initial waviness profile, but these small fluctuations correlate with unevenly distributed high wear. These findings enhance our understanding of the friction wear structure and provide the basis for exploring how surfaces can be optimized for better tribological performance.
Graphical Abstract