bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subsurface Stresses in Flat-Punch Contact Problems Including Friction
Authors: Juliá Javier M. , Rodríguez-Tembleque Luis 
Published: February 2023

This work analyzes the influence of friction on the surface and subsurface contact stresses generated—in an elastic half-space—by a cylindrical flat-ended punch. For this purpose, the computational framework presented by [J. M. Juliá and L. Rodríguez-Tembleque, Subsurface stress evolution under orthotropic wear and frictional contact conditions, Int. J. Mech. Sci. 234 (2022) 107695] is extended to solve this problem. After the validation of this computational scheme, several numerical studies have allowed us to obtain the following conclusions. (i) The location of the maximum values of the subsurface Von Mises stresses in the [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] plane does not depend on the friction coefficient and is located at the contact zone limits — similarly to the normal pressure — (ii) However, the [Formula: see text]-location and the magnitude of the maximum value of the subsurface Von Mises stress is clearly affected by the values of the friction coefficient. (iii) The magnitude of the maximum value of the subsurface Von Mises stress increases and its location can be shifted from the subsurface region to the solid surface, when the friction coefficient increases its value.
The ichnology of shallow-marine and transitional environments
Authors: Cónsole-Gonella Carlos , de Valais Silvina , Díaz-Martínez Ignacio , Citton Paolo , Verde Mariano , McIlroy Duncan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The ichnology between marine and non-marine environments is a key field of work concerning the understanding of the variation of environmental parameters in inland-to-offshore transitional environments. In order to understand the geological and palaeobiological processes at these locations, this Special Publication attempts to discuss records in shallow-marine and transitional environments throughout the Phanerozoic, including topics such as ichnotaxonomy, ichnofacies analysis, ichnofabric analysis for records from both shallow-marine and transitional environments, and neoichnological aspects. The volume includes 14 papers in total: one focused on aspects of neoichnology in rock iguanas in coastal settings, nine concerning various shallow-marine palaeoenvironment topics and four addressing issues about dinosaur tracks in transitional environments.
Finding the Source in Networks: An Approach Based on Structural Entropy
Authors: Zhang Chong , Guo Qiang , Fu Luoyi , Ding Jiaxin , Cao Xinde , Long Fei , Wang Xinbing , Zhou Chenghu 
Published: February 2023

The popularity of intelligent devices provides straightforward access to the Internet and online social networks. However, the quick and easy data updates from networks also benefit the risk spreading, such as rumor, malware, or computer viruses. To this end, this article studies the problem of source detection, which is to infer the source node out of an aftermath of a cascade, that is, the observed infected graph

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of the network at some time. Prior arts have adopted various statistical quantities such as degree, distance, or infection size to reflect the structural centrality of the source. In this article, we propose a new metric that we call the infected tree entropy (ITE), to utilize richer underlying structural features for source detection. Our idea of ITE is inspired by the conception of structural entropy [
21
], which demonstrated that the minimization of average bits to encode the network structures with different partitions is the principle for detecting the natural or true structures in real-world networks. Accordingly, our proposed ITE based estimator for the source tries to minimize the coding of network partitions brought by the infected tree rooted at all the potential sources, thus minimizing the structural deviation between the cascades from the potential sources and the actual infection process included in

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N

. On polynomially growing geometric trees, with increasing tree heterogeneity, the ITE estimator remarkably yields more reliable detection under only moderate infection sizes, and returns an asymptotically complete detection. In contrast, for regular expanding trees, we still observe guaranteed detection probability of ITE estimator even with an infinite infection size, thanks to the degree regularity property. We also algorithmically realize the ITE based detection that enjoys linear time complexity via a message-passing scheme, and further extend it to general graphs. Extensive experiments on synthetic and real datasets confirm the superiority of ITE to the baselines. For example, ITE returns an accuracy of 85%, ranking the source among the top 10%, far exceeding 55% of the classic algorithm on scale-free networks.
Analysis on the Effect of Radiofrequency Ablation and Electrocautery in the Treatment of Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Xiong Jia-Wei , Lin Zhi-Xin , He Liu , Zhang Yan-Hua , Zeng Gui-Chan , Gui Qing-Hua 
Published: February 2023

Objective. This research intends to investigate the clinical efficacy of radiofrequency ablation and electrocautery in treating grade I or II vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN). Methods. This is a single-center retrospective study, which collected the clinical data of 100 patients with VaIN diagnosed by colposcopy and pathological biopsy in the Gynecology and Cervical Center of Xiangzhu Branch of the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region between January 2020 and June 2021. Patients were divided into the study group (radiofrequency ablation treatment) and the control group (electrocautery) according to differences in treatment approaches. 6- and 12-month follow-ups were performed on all patients. Gynecological examination results, liquid-based thin-layer cytology (TCT), negative conversion of human papillomavirus (HPV), curative effects, and prognosis were recorded. Results. All patients completed regular follow-ups that lasted for 6 and 12 months. The 6- and 12-month cure rates of the study group were 76.0% and 92.0%, respectively, and the data in the control group were 70.0% and 82.0%, respectively. In terms of the 6- and 12-month negative conversion rates of HPV, the data in the study group were 68.0% and 78.0%, versus 60% and 68% in the control group, respectively. The lesion duration rate showed no statistical significance between the study group (8.0%) and the control group (

P

> 0.05). The analysis of postoperative follow-up complications revealed that the study group had a statistically lower overall incidence of vaginal bleeding, excessive vaginal discharge, vaginal burning sensation, and decreased vaginal elasticity than the control group (8.0% vs. 24.0%

P

< 0.05). Conclusion. Both radiofrequency ablation and electrocautery have obvious clinical effects in patients with grade I or II VaIN, but the former contributed to fewer operative complications and a good prognosis, which deserves clinical promotion.
HBx-Induced HSPA8 Stimulates HBV Replication and Suppresses Ferroptosis to Support Liver Cancer Progression
Authors: Wang Yufei , Zhao Man , Zhao Lina , Geng Yu , Li Guanghao , Chen Lin , Yu Jingxuan , Yuan Hongfeng , Zhang Huihui , Yun Haolin , Yuan Ying , Wang Guowen , Feng Jinyan , Xu Liang , Wang Shuai , Hou Chunyu , Yang Guang , Zhang Ningning , Lu Wei , Zhang Xiaodong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major driver of hepatocarcinogenesis. Ferroptosis is a type of iron-mediated cell death that can suppress liver transformation. Previous studies have linked HBV to ferroptosis in liver fibrosis and acute liver failure. However, whether ferroptosis is involved in HBV-mediated liver cancer is poorly understood. Here, we identified heat shock protein family A member 8 (HSPA8) as a crucial host factor that modulates HBV replication and ferroptosis in liver cancer. Hepatitis B X protein (HBx) upregulated HSPA8 by coactivating the transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) in cells. HSPA8 enhanced HBV replication by recruiting hepatitis B core protein (HBc) to the HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) minichromosome, forming a positive feedback loop. Moreover, HSPA8 suppressed ferroptosis in liver cancer cells by upregulating the expression of SLC7A11/GPX4 and decreasing erastin-mediated reactive oxygen species and Fe2+ accumulation in cells in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of HSPA8 reduced the growth of HBV-positive liver tumors and increased sensitivity to erastin. In conclusion, HBx-elevated HSPA8 regulates both HBV replication and ferroptosis in liver cancer. Targeting HSPA8 could be a promising strategy for controlling HBV and hepatocarcinogenesis.Significance:HBV-induced upregulation of HSPA8 promotes hepatocarcinogenesis by suppressing ferroptosis and stimulating HBV replication, identifying HSPA8 as a potential therapeutic target in liver cancer.
Large Language Models and the Reverse Turing Test
Authors: Sejnowski Terrence J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLarge language models (LLMs) have been transformative. They are pretrained foundational models that are self-supervised and can be adapted with fine-tuning to a wide range of natural language tasks, each of which previously would have required a separate network model. This is one step closer to the extraordinary versatility of human language. GPT-3 and, more recently, LaMDA, both of them LLMs, can carry on dialogs with humans on many topics after minimal priming with a few examples. However, there has been a wide range of reactions and debate on whether these LLMs understand what they are saying or exhibit signs of intelligence. This high variance is exhibited in three interviews with LLMs reaching wildly different conclusions. A new possibility was uncovered that could explain this divergence. What appears to be intelligence in LLMs may in fact be a mirror that reflects the intelligence of the interviewer, a remarkable twist that could be considered a reverse Turing test. If so, then by studying interviews, we may be learning more about the intelligence and beliefs of the interviewer than the intelligence of the LLMs. As LLMs become more capable, they may transform the way we interact with machines and how they interact with each other. Increasingly, LLMs are being coupled with sensorimotor devices. LLMs can talk the talk, but can they walk the walk? A road map for achieving artificial general autonomy is outlined with seven major improvements inspired by brain systems and how LLMs could in turn be used to uncover new insights into brain function.
“The Torah Shelters and Saves”: covid-19 Pandemic and the Framing of Health Risks in Israeli Ultra-Orthodox Religious Media
Authors: Gering Tuvia , Cohen Yoel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Despite growing recognition of the important role which culture and religion play in risk communication and framing theory, research on framing in religious media is limited. In the context of health risks, framing remains virtually unexplored. In an attempt to address this gap, this study looks at risk reporting in religious media. By means of a content analysis of 331 news reports and articles published in the Ultra-Orthodox Jewish religious media in Israel during the covid-19 outbreak in Israel, this study serves the dual purpose of offering the empirical evaluation of the “quality of risk information” as well as the framing of health-risks in religious media. Drawing upon the constructivist approach to framing theory, the study’s findings shed light on the mediation of frames through cultural-religious prisms and its effects on the quality of risk information. In addition, the findings provide a conceptual basis for comparative analysis across various cultural and religious groups.
A Possible Hysteresis in the Arctic Ocean due to Release of Subsurface Heat during Sea Ice Retreat
Authors: Beer Emma , Eisenman Ian , Wagner Till J. W. , Fine Elizabeth C. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Arctic Ocean is characterized by an ice-covered layer of cold and relatively fresh water above layers of warmer and saltier water. It is estimated that enough heat is stored in these deeper layers to melt all the Arctic sea ice many times over, but they are isolated from the surface by a stable halocline. Current vertical mixing rates across the Arctic Ocean halocline are small, due in part to sea ice reducing wind–ocean momentum transfer and damping internal waves. However, recent observational studies have argued that sea ice retreat results in enhanced mixing. This could create a positive feedback whereby increased vertical mixing due to sea ice retreat causes the previously isolated subsurface heat to melt more sea ice. Here, we use an idealized climate model to investigate the impacts of such a feedback. We find that an abrupt “tipping point” can occur under global warming, with an associated hysteresis window bounded by saddle-node bifurcations. We show that the presence and magnitude of the hysteresis are sensitive to the choice of model parameters, and the hysteresis occurs for only a limited range of parameters. During the critical transition at the bifurcation point, we find that only a small percentage of the heat stored in the deep layer is released, although this is still enough to lead to substantial sea ice melt. Furthermore, no clear relationship is apparent between this change in heat storage and the level of hysteresis when the parameters are varied.
Development of the hardness, three-point bending, and wear behavior of self-lubricating Cu-5Gr/Al2O3-Cr3C2 hybrid composites
Authors: Şap Serhat , Usca Üsame Ali , Uzun Mahir , Giasin Khaled , Pimenov Danil Yu 
Published: February 2023

This research aims to assess the mechanical characteristics of high-performance copper composites made utilizing powder metallurgy. The composites were produced by adding reinforcement elements (Al2O3-Cr3C2) at different rates (3-6–9 wt.%) into copper-graphite (Cu-5Gr) via hot pressing technique. The microstructure, hardness, three-point bending and wear performance were analysed. The results determined that hybrid reinforced composites exhibited higher density, hardness and bending strength compared to Cu-Gr composites. The highest hardness of 73.02 HB was found in the CG-4 (copper graphit-4) sample. The maximum bending stress of 151.06 MPa occurred in sample CG-2. In addition, it was observed that the wear resistance increased significantly with the addition of the hybrid reinforcements. The lowest specific wear rate of 7.961 × 10−7 mm3/N.m occurred in sample CG-6. As a result, 15.92%, 58.16% and 83.21% improvements were achieved in hardness, bending strength and wear performance, respectively. The current work indicates that certain mechanical properties of copper can be improved via the powder metallurgy process and the addition of reinforcements which could expand the applications and use of this metal in different industries.
Children’s Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross Cultural Comparison Between Portugal, Brazil and Italy
Authors: Pombo André , Luz Carlos , Rodrigues Luis P. , de Sá Cristina dos Santos C. , Siegle Cristhina Bonilha Huster , Tortella Patrizia , Fumagalli Guido , Cordovil Rita 
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic forced governments to implement measures that disrupted the daily routines of many families worldwide. We studied how the COVID-19 lockdown affected children’s routines in Portugal (PT), Brazil (BR), and Italy (IT) to determine if children’s age and country impacted their physical activity (PA) and sedentary time. We launched an anonymous online survey to assess how 3–12 years old children adjusted their daily routines to this situation. Parents reported the times each child was engaged in different activities throughout the day, and we used these data to calculate separately overall sedentary and physical activity time. We conducted separate analyses of variance for age and country on the percentage of time spent in the different activities. Results, based on the data from 3045 children in these three countries (PT n = 2044; BR n = 836; IT n = 165), showed that, during lockdown, most children spent most of their awake daily hours in sedentary activities. There was a clear age effect on the way their routines were organized. Percentages of time spent in intellectual activity, playful screen activity, and overall sedentary time were greater in the older age groups, whereas percentages of time spent in play (with and without PA) and in overall PA were greater in the younger groups. We found a main effect of country for all variables except play without PA. The country effect was mainly due to the difference between the routines in BR when compared to PT and IT. Values of playful screen time and overall sedentary activity were higher in BR than in the two European countries. Conversely, values for play with PA, PA, and overall PA (except in the older group) were lower in BR. Patterns of time spent in these activities were similar in IT and PT, but PA and overall PA times were higher in the two younger age groups in IT. In summary, percentage of PA time of confined children was low and decreased with age across all three countries and was particularly low for children in BR relative to those in PT and IT.
Agreement Between House-Brackmann and Sunnybrook Facial Nerve Grading Systems in Bell's Palsy in Children: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Multicenter Trial
Authors: Williams Amanda , Eapen Nitaa , Kochar Amit , Lawton Ben , Hort Jason , West Adam , George Shane , Berkowitz Robert , Lee Katherine J , Dalziel Stuart R , Hearps Stephen , Babl Franz E ,   on behalf of the PREDICT (Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative) research network
Published: February 2023

Background There is limited evidence on the use of facial nerve function grading scales in acute facial nerve paralysis in children. Objective To investigate the agreement between and the usability of the House-Brackmann and Sunnybrook scales in children with idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell's palsy) and to compare their ease of administration. Methods Data from a randomized controlled trial in children aged 6 months to <18 years with Bell's palsy was used. Children were recruited within 72 hours of symptom onset and assessed using the House-Brackmann and the Sunnybrook scales at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months until recovered. Agreement between the scales was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) at each time point and using a Bland-Altman plot. Ease of administration was assessed using an 11-point Likert scale. Results Comparative data were available for 169 of the 187 children randomized. The ICC between the 2 scales across all time points was 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91-0.93), at baseline 0.37 (95% 0.25, 0.51), at 1 month 0.91 (95% CI 0.89-0.94), at 3 months 0.85 (95% CI 0.80-0.89), and at 6 months 0.96 (95% CI 0.95-0.97). The median score for the ease of administration for the House-Brackmann and Sunnybrook scales was 3 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1-5) and 7 (IQR: 4-8) respectively ( P < .001, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Conclusions There was excellent agreement between House-Brackmann and Sunnybrook scales, with poorer agreement at baseline. Clinicians found the House-Brackmann scale easier to administer. These findings suggest that both scales can be applied in children.
Cytotoxic, in vitro Enzyme Inhibitory Potential and Phytochemical Profiling of Odontonema strictum
Authors: Nadeem Nida , Khan Kashif Maqbool , Koala Moumouni , Islam Muhammad , Chohan Tahir Ali , Khan Shujaat Ali , Fatima Nighat , Bashir Kashif , Qamar Shaista , Chaman Sadia , Tahir Muhamamd Azam , Mannan Abdul 
Published: February 2023

Background Odontonema strictum is an herbaceous plant, indigenous to Central America and Central Africa, and has been used traditionally by the local community against various ailments. The current piece of work was carried out to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of O. strictum by using brine shrimp lethality and the in vitro cytotoxicity/viability assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide [MTT]), as well as the in vitro enzyme inhibitory potential by using alpha-amylase, protein kinase enzymes and phytochemical analysis of the different extracts of aerial parts of O. strictum. Materials and Methods Extracts of aerial parts of O. strictum were prepared through the successive extraction method using solvents with the order of polarity as n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water. Cytotoxicity was assessed through brine shrimp lethality assay and in vitro cell viability assay (MTT), whereas enzyme inhibition potential was evaluated through Alpha-amylase and protein kinase assay. Phytochemical analysis was done by assessing the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of both leaves and flowers. Results All the extracts exhibited various phytochemical and biological activities. Remarkable toxicity profiles against the brine shrimp lethality assay (LD50:11.5 µg/mL) were shown by the leaf extracts, whereas both leaves and flowers exhibited promising anti-proliferative activity, assessed by the MTT assay. Significant alpha-amylase and protein kinase inhibition potential were manifested by leave extracts with IC50:195.6 µg/mL and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): 16.3 µg/mL respectively. The phytochemical analysis of the plant showed that it was sufficiently rich in phenolic compounds with a total phenolic content and total flavonoid content (96.8 µg GAE/mg and 65.1 µg QE/mg, respectively). Conclusion It is plausible to believe that the cytotoxic and enzymatic activity of the aerial parts of O. strictum aerial parts might be, at least partly, to the presence of phenolic chemicals and could be a possible source of cytotoxic agent and an enzyme inhibitor.
The Strength to Diet: If it Fits Your Macros Dieting as Masculine Body Work
Authors: Jensen Warren 
Published: February 2023

Drawing on a qualitative content analysis of 76 “day of eating” vlogs, this article explores how cis men adhering to the “If It Fits Your Macros” diet dynamically negotiate the meanings of their eating habits and their bodies to bolster their claims to hegemonic masculinity. Employing Foucault’s theory of disciplinary technologies and critical masculinities scholarship, the analysis serves as a case study of how the body work of dieting men reinforces normative discourses of masculinity. While dieting has previously been framed as a “technology of femininity,” this article argues that dieting similarly operates as an embodied practice through which men perform masculinities. Extending the literature on the subjective experiences of dieting men, I suggest that men navigate the ostensibly “feminine” terrain of dieting by via repertoires of self-discipline and embattlement against fat. Using these discursive tools, men portray dieting as a moral-aesthetic project that bolsters and secures their own hegemonic constructions of masculine status.