bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plan quality and treatment efficiency assurance of two VMAT optimization for cervical cancer radiotherapy
Authors: Huang Sijuan , Mai Xiuying , Liu Hongdong , Sun Wenzhao , Zhu Jinhan , Du Jinlong , Lin Xi , Du Yujie , Zhang Kang , Yang Xin , Huang Xiaoyan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo investigate the difference of the fluence map optimization (FMO) and Stochastic platform optimization (SPO) algorithm in a newly‐introduced treatment planning system (TPS). Methods: 34 cervical cancer patients with definitive radiation were retrospectively analyzed. Each patient has four plans: FMO with fixed jaw plans (FMO‐FJ) and no fixed jaw plans (FMO‐NFJ); SPO with fixed jaw plans (SPO‐FJ) and no fixed jaw plans (SPO‐NFJ). Dosimetric parameters, Modulation Complexity Score (MCS), Gamma Pass Rate (GPR) and delivery time were analyzed among the four plans. Results: For target coverage, SPO‐FJ plans are the best ones (P ≤ 0.00). FMO plans are better than SPO‐NFJ plans (P ≤ 0.00). For OARs sparing, SPO‐FJ plans are better than FMO plans for mostly OARs (P ≤ 0.04). Additionally, SPO‐FJ plans are better than SPO‐NFJ plans (P ≤ 0.02), except for rectum V45Gy. Compared to SPO‐NFJ plans, the FMO plans delivered less dose to bladder, rectum, colon V40Gy and pelvic bone V40Gy (P ≤ 0.04). Meanwhile, the SPO‐NFJ plans showed superiority in MU, delivery time, MCS and GPR in all plans. In terms of delivery time and MCS, the SPO‐FJ plans are better than FMO plans. FMO‐FJ plans are better than FMO‐NFJ plans in delivery efficiency. MCSs are strongly correlated with PCTV length, which are negatively with PCTV length (P ≤ 0.03). The delivery time and MUs of the four plans are strongly correlated (P ≤ 0.02). Comparing plans with fixed or no fixed jaw in two algorithms, no difference was found in FMO plans in target coverage and minor difference in Kidney_L Dmean, Mu and delivery time between PCTV width≤15.5 cm group and >15.5 cm group. For SPO plans, SPO‐FJ plans showed more superiority in target coverage and OARs sparing than the SPO‐NFJ plans in the two groups. Conclusions: SPO‐FJ plans showed superiority in target coverage and OARs sparing, as well as higher delivery efficiency in the four plans.
Serum Urate Monitoring Among Older Adults With Gout: Initiating Urate‐Lowering Therapy in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Kwok Timothy S. H. , Kuriya Bindee , Hawker Gillian , Li Ping , Choy Gregory , Widdifield Jessica 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveTo assess the proportion of, and factors associated with, older adults with gout receiving a serum urate (SUA) test after starting urate‐lowering therapy (ULT).MethodsWe performed a population‐based retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada in patients ages ≥66 years with gout, newly dispensed ULT between 2010 and 2019. We characterized patients with SUA testing within 6 and 12 months after ULT dispensation. Multilevel logistic regression clustered by ULT prescriber evaluated the factors associated with SUA monitoring within 6 months.ResultsWe included 44,438 patients with a mean ± SD age of 76.0 ± 7.3 years and 64.4% male. Family physicians prescribed 79.1% of all ULTs. SUA testing was lowest in 2010 (56.4% at 6 months) and rose over time to 71.3% in 2019 (P < 0.0001). Compared with rheumatologists, family physicians (odds ratio [OR] 0.26 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.23–0.29]), internists (OR 0.34 [95% CI 0.29–0.39]), nephrologists (OR 0.37 [95% CI 0.30–0.45]), and other specialties (OR 0.25 [95% CI 0.21–0.29]) were less likely to test SUA, as were male physicians (OR 0.87 [95% CI 0.83–0.91]). Patient factors associated with lower odds of SUA monitoring included rural residence (OR 0.81 [95% CI 0.77–0.86]), lower socioeconomic status (OR 0.91 [95% CI 0.85–0.97]), and patient comorbidities. Chronic kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coprescription of colchicine/oral corticosteroids (OR 1.31 [95% CI 1.23–1.40]) were correlated with increased SUA testing.ConclusionSUA testing is suboptimal among older adults with gout initiating ULT but is improving over time. ULT prescriber, patient, and prescription characteristics were correlated with SUA testing.
A Multimodal Protein Representation Framework for Quantifying Transferability Across Biochemical Downstream Tasks
Authors: Hu Fan , Hu Yishen , Zhang Weihong , Huang Huazhen , Pan Yi , Yin Peng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProteins are the building blocks of life, carrying out fundamental functions in biology. In computational biology, an effective protein representation facilitates many important biological quantifications. Most existing protein representation methods are derived from self‐supervised language models designed for text analysis. Proteins, however, are more than linear sequences of amino acids. Here, a multimodal deep learning framework for incorporating ≈1 million protein sequence, structure, and functional annotation (MASSA) is proposed. A multitask learning process with five specific pretraining objectives is presented to extract a fine‐grained protein‐domain feature. Through pretraining, multimodal protein representation achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance in specific downstream tasks such as protein properties (stability and fluorescence), protein‒protein interactions (shs27k/shs148k/string/skempi), and protein‒ligand interactions (kinase, DUD‐E), while achieving competitive results in secondary structure and remote homology tasks. Moreover, a novel optimal‐transport‐based metric with rich geometry awareness is introduced to quantify the dynamic transferability from the pretrained representation to the related downstream tasks, which provides a panoramic view of the step‐by‐step learning process. The pairwise distances between these downstream tasks are also calculated, and a strong correlation between the inter‐task feature space distributions and adaptability is observed.
Optimizing organic no‐till planted soybean with cover crop selection and termination timing
Authors: Liebert Jeffrey , Mirsky Steven B. , Pelzer Christopher J. , Ryan Matthew R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResearch is needed to develop and optimize agroecological practices that can replace unsustainable managementand increase agricultural diversification. Field experiments were conducted in Maryland and New York to assess the effect of cover crop cultivar selection and cover crop termination soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] planting (roll‐plant) date on cover crop growth stage, biomass, and reseeding; weed biomass; and soybean density and yield in organically managed no‐till planted soybean production. Twelve winter cereal cultivars—four each for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), and triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus.)—were seeded at equivalent densities and terminated at four roll‐plant dates. Although many cover crop cultivars had not yet reached the recommended growth stage for adequate termination (anthesis) at the earlier roll‐plant dates, greater soybean yields and similar cover crop reseeding, compared with later dates, were observed. Weed biomass was low across treatments despite cover crop biomass production below the recommended threshold of 8 Mg ha−1. When pooled over cultivars, triticale performed as well as cereal rye in terms of biomass production, weed suppression, and soybean yield. Within each species, differences in weed biomass and soybean yield were observed among cultivars, but inconsistent across site‐years. Results from this research also show that planting soybean before cover crop anthesis can help maximize yield. Farmers can improve management in cover crop‐based no‐till planted soybean by selecting regionally adapted winter cereal species and cultivars that perform well across a range of outcomes, rather than focusing exclusively on biomass production.
Impact of a new liver immune status index among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after initial hepatectomy
Authors: Imaoka Yuki , Ohira Masahiro , Chogahara Ichiya , Bekki Tomoaki , Imaoka Kouki , Sato Koki , Doskali Marlen , Nakano Ryosuke , Yano Takuya , Hirata Fumihiro , Kuroda Shintaro , Tahara Hiroyuki , Ide Kentaro , Ishiyama Kohei , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Tanaka Yuka , Ohdan Hideki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThe anti‐tumor effects of natural killer (NK) cells vary among individuals. Tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) expressed on liver NK cells is a marker of anti‐tumor cytotoxicity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in immune cell therapy. This study aimed to develop a liver immune status index (LISI) that predicts low TRAIL expression and validates its ability to predict recurrence after initial hepatectomy for primary HCC.MethodsA functional analysis of liver NK cells co‐cultured with interleukin‐2 for 3 days was performed of 40 liver transplant donors. The LISI, which predicted low TRAIL expression (25% quartile: <33%) in liver NK cells, was calculated using multiple logistic regression analysis. Next, 586 initial hepatectomy cases were analyzed based on the LISI.ResultsOur model was based on the Fibrosis‐4 index+0.1 (odds ratio [OR], 1.33), body mass index (OR, 0.61), and albumin levels+0.1 (OR, 0.54). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the LISI for low TRAIL expression was 0.89. Stratification of the recurrence rates (RR) revealed that LISI was an independent predictive factor of RR (moderate risk: hazard ratio, 1.44; high risk: hazard ratio, 3.02). The AUC was similar for the LISI, albumin–indocyanine green evaluation grade, albumin–bilirubin score, and geriatric nutritional risk index for predicting RR. Among the vascular invasion cases, the LISI was more useful than the other indexes.ConclusionOur model facilitates the prediction of RR in high‐risk patients by providing LISI to predict the anti‐tumor effects of NK cells.
A multicenter prospective observational study of lymph node metastasis patterns and short‐term outcomes of extended lymphadenectomy in right‐sided colon cancer
Authors: Tsukamoto Shunsuke , Ouchi Akira , Komori Koji , Shiozawa Manabu , Yasui Masayoshi , Ohue Masayuki , Nogami Hitoshi , Takii Yasumasa , Moritani Konosuke , Kanemitsu Yukihide 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe lymph node metastasis rate in right‐sided colon cancer is unknown, and the optimal central vascular ligation level remains controversial. We aimed to determine the lymph node metastasis rate and short‐term results of radical surgery with extended lymph node dissection in right‐sided colon cancer.MethodsThis prospective multicenter observational study included patients with stage II/III right‐sided colon cancer from five cancer hospitals. The metastasis rate of each node station was analyzed according to tumor location and main feeding artery.ResultsBetween April 2018 and August 2021, 208 patients underwent dissection around the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and vein (SMV). In transverse colon cancer, 7.5% and 2.5% of metastases occurred around the SMV and SMA at the root of the middle colic artery (MCA), respectively; 6.7% and 6.7% at the root of the right colic artery. In caecal cancer, 1.9% of metastases occurred around the SMV and 1.9% around the SMA. In ascending colon cancer, the rate was 1.1% around the SMV. Of the tumors, 17% fed mainly by the ileocolic artery had node metastases along the middle or right colic artery, as did 66.7% fed mainly by the right colic artery and 41.2% fed by the MCA (p = 0.01). Postoperative complications occurred in 42 patients (20.2%).ConclusionRoutine prophylactic extended lymphadenectomy around the SMA might not be necessary in caecum and ascending colon cancer. Dissection around the SMA may be necessary in cases of transverse colon cancer or when the feeding artery is the MCA.
Pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension due to a novel homozygous GDF2 missense variant affecting BMP9 processing and activity
Authors: Chomette L. , Hupkens E. , Romitti M. , Dewachter L. , Vachiéry J. L. , Bailly S. , Costagliola S. , Smits G. , Tillet E. , Bondue Antoine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and severe disorder characterized by progressive pulmonary vasculopathy. Growth differentiation factor (GDF)2 encodes the pro‐protein bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 9, activated after cleavage by endoproteases into an active mature form. BMP9, together with BMP10, are high‐affinity ligands of activin receptor‐like kinase 1 (ALK1) and BMP receptor type II (BMPR2). GDF2 mutations have been reported in idiopathic PAH with most patients being heterozygous carriers although rare homozygous cases have been described. The link between PAH occurrence and BMP9 or 10 expression level is still unclear. In this study, we describe a pediatric case of PAH also presenting with telangiectasias and epistaxis. The patient carries the novel homozygous GDF2 c.946A > G mutation, replacing the first arginine of BMP9's cleavage site (R316) by a glycine. We show that this mutation leads to an absence of circulating mature BMP9 and mature BMP9‐10 heterodimers in the patient's plasma although pro‐BMP9 is still detected at a similar level as controls. In vitro functional studies further demonstrated that the mutation R316G hampers the correct processing of BMP9, leading to the secretion of inactive pro‐BMP9. The heterozygous carriers of the variant were asymptomatic, similarly to previous reports, reinforcing the hypothesis of modifiers preventing/driving PAH development in heterozygous carriers.
An in‐frame deletion affecting the critical acid loop of PPP2R5D is associated with a neonatal lethal form of PPP2R5D‐related neurodevelopmental disorder
Authors: Alhajaj Ghadd , Lacroix Caroline , Trakadis Yannis , Garfinkle Jarred , Srour Myriam 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHeterozygous pathogenic variants in PPP2R5D gene are associated with PPP2R5D‐related neurodevelopmental disorder, a rare autosomal dominant condition, characterized by neurodevelopmental impairment in childhood, macrocephaly/megalencephaly, hypotonia, epilepsy, and dysmorphic features. Up‐to‐date, only approximately 100 cases have been published in the literature and the full phenotypic and genotypic spectrum have not yet been fully described. PPP2R5D gene encodes the B56δ subunit of the PP2A enzyme complex. We describe a neonatal form of PPP2R5D‐related disorder with early infantile death, caused by a novel in‐frame deletion causing loss of 8 amino acids and insertion of serine at position 201 (p.Phe194_Pro201delinsSer) of the B56δ subunit. This deletion is predicted to disrupt a critical acidic loop of amino acids important for binding other subunits of the PP2A enzyme complex, and harbors many of the residues previously reported to cause a mild–moderate form of this condition. This report describes a neonatal lethal presentation of the PPP2R5D‐related neurodevelopmental disorder and provides additional evidence that disruption of the acidic loop is an important pathomechanism underlying PPP2R5D‐related disorder.
Association of ischemic heart disease with long‐term risk of cognitive decline and dementia: A cohort study
Authors: Imahori Yume , Vetrano Davide L. , Ljungman Petter , Laukka Erika J. , Wu Jing , Grande Giulia , Rizzuto Debora , Fratiglioni Laura , Qiu Chengxuan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe independent and joint effect of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and coexisting atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) on dementia risk is largely unknown.METHODSThis population‐based cohort study included 2568 dementia‐free participants (age ≥60 years) in SNAC‐K, who were regularly examined from 2001–2004 through 2013–2016. Dementia was diagnosed following the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM‐IV) criteria. Global cognitive function was assessed using a global cognitive composite z‐score derived from five cognitive domains. Data were analyzed using Cox, Fine‐Gray, and linear mixed‐effects models.RESULTSOverall, IHD at baseline was associated with multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.39 (95% confidence interval = 1.06−1.82) for dementia and multivariable‐adjusted β‐coefficient of −0.02 (−0.03 to −0.01) for annual changes in global cognitive z‐score, independent of AF, HF, and cerebrovascular disease. Coexisting AF or HF did not add further risk to dementia and cognitive decline.DISCUSSIONIHD is independently associated with dementia and cognitive decline in older adults, whereas coexisting AF/HF is not associated with an increased risk.Highlights
Is a history of ischemic heart disease (IHD) associated with a risk for dementia?
How do coexisting heart diseases affect this association?
IHD was an independent risk factor for dementia in older adults.
This association was independent of coexisting heart and cerebrovascular diseases.
The coexistence of heart diseases did not confer additional risk for dementia.
The predictive value of modified soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) with National Early Warning Score (NEWS) for mortality in emergency elderly patients in Japan: a prospective pilot study
Authors: Mitsunaga Toshiya , Ohtaki Yuhei , Seki Yutaka , Mashiko Kunihiro , Uzura Masahiko , Okuno Kenji , Takeda Satoshi 
Published: May 2023

AimThe aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and modified suPAR with National Early Warning Score (NEWS) for detecting mortality in elderly emergency patients who are older than 70 years.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of our previous study, which was a single‐center prospective pilot study, carried out for 21 months in the emergency department of a secondary emergency institution in Japan. This study was carried out between September 16, 2020, and June 21, 2022. The study included all patients without trauma aged 70 years or older who presented to the emergency department. Discrimination was assessed by plotting the receiver‐operating characteristic curve and calculating the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsDuring the study period, 47 eligible older patients were included, among which 8 (17.0%) patients died. The median suPAR was significantly lower in the survivor's group than in the nonsurvivor's group (P < 0.01). For suPAR, the AUC for the prediction of mortality was 0.805 (95% confidence interval 0.633–0.949, P < 0.001). The AUC of modified suPAR with NEWS for mortality was higher than that of suPAR [0.865 (95% confidence interval 0.747–0.958, P < 0.001)].ConclusionOur single‐center study has demonstrated the high utility of modified suPAR with NEWS as a predictive tool of mortality in elderly emergency patients. Evidence from multicenter studies is needed for introducing modified suPAR with NEWS in the emergency department setting.
Fatal case of Capnocytophaga sepsis from a dog bite in a patient with splenic hypoplasia
Authors: Kondo Natsuki , Matsumura Yosuke , Sugiyama Takuya , Miyahara Masaya , Imamura Ai , Kasahara Yuki , Nagashima Hideaki , Hanaoka Noriyuki , Fujiyoshi Naohiko , Inaba Shin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundCapnocytophaga canimorsus is an oral commensal bacteria in dogs and may cause severe infection following a dog bite. This is a case of fatal C. canimorsus sepsis with acute infectious purpura fulminans (AIPF) in a healthy patient with splenic hypoplasia.Case PresentationA healthy 49‐year‐old man was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for septic shock and AIPF 4 days after a dog bite to his mouth. Computed tomography revealed a small spleen measuring 53 cm3 but no other source of infection. Despite intensive care, the patient died of multiple organ failure and progressive shock on the fifth ICU day. Polymerase chain reaction of blood samples identified the C. canimorsus gene on a later day.ConclusionCapnocytophaga canimorsus from dog bites may cause fatal AIPF. Splenic hypoplasia and bite wounds in well‐perfused areas such as the oral cavity are possible risk factors for sepsis. All dog bites should warrant medical attention.
Dark sides of artificial intelligence: The dangers of automated decision‐making in search engine advertising
Authors: Schultz Carsten D. , Koch Christian , Olbrich Rainer 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith the growing use of artificial intelligence, search engine providers are increasingly pushing advertisers to use automated bidding strategies based on machine learning. Such automated decision‐making systems leave advertisers in the dark about the data being used and how they can influence the outcome of the decision‐making process. Previous literature on artificial intelligence lacks an understanding of the dangers related to artificially intelligent systems and their lack of transparency. In response, our paper addresses the inherent risks of the automated optimization of advertisers' bidding strategies in search engine advertising. The selected empirical case of a service company therefore demonstrates how data availability can trigger a long‐term decline in advertising performance and how search engine advertising performance metrics develop before and after an event of data scarcity. Based on data collected for 525 days, difference‐in‐differences analysis shows that the algorithmic approach has a considerable and lasting negative impact on advertising performance. Furthermore, the empirical case indicates that self‐regulated learning can initialize a downward spiral that gradually impairs advertising performance. Thus, the aim of this study is to increase awareness regarding automated decision‐making dangers in search engine advertising and help advertisers take preventive measures to reduce the risks of algorithm missteps.
Sunlight Powered Continuous Flow Reverse Water Gas Shift Process Using a Plasmonic Au/TiO2 Nanocatalyst
Authors: Martínez Molina Pau , Bossers Koen W. , Wienk Jelle D. , Rohlfs Jelle , Meulendijks Nicole , Verheijen Marcel A. , Buskens Pascal , Sastre Francesc 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe continuous flow reverse water gas shift (rWGS) process was efficiently catalyzed by a plasmonic Au/TiO2 nanocatalyst using sunlight as sole and sustainable energy source. The influence of the catalyst bed thickness on the CO production rate was studied, and three different catalytic regimes were identified as direct plasmon catalysis (DPC), shielded plasmon catalysis (SPC) and unused plasmon catalysis (UPC). The CO2 : H2 ratio was optimized to 4 : 1 and a maximum CO production rate of 7420 mmol ⋅ m−2 ⋅ h−1 was achieved under mild reaction conditions (p=3.5 bar, no external heating, Ee=14.0 kW ⋅ m−2), corresponding to an aparent quantum efficiency of 4.15%. The stability of the Au/TiO2 catalyst was studied for 110 h continuous operation, maintaining more than 82% of the initial CO production rate. On/off experiments mimicking discontinuous sunlight powered processing furthermore showed that the Au/TiO2 catalyst was stable for 8 consecutive runs.