bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception of affordable diet is associated with pre-school children’s diet diversity in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: the EAT Addis survey
Authors: Abdelmenan Semira , Berhane Hanna Y. , Turner Christopher , Worku Alemayehu , Selling Katarina , Ekström Eva-Charlotte , Berhane Yemane 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite improvements in food access and nutrition security over the last few decades, malnutrition remains a major public health problem. One of the significant contributors to these problems is affordability of nutritious food. This study aimed to examine the association between perceived food affordability and pre-school children’s diet diversity in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods
Cross-sectional data were used for the analysis. A 24 h dietary recall assessment was done to assess children’s dietary diversity (DD). We used a modified operational definition of affordability indicator called perceived affordability of dietary diversity (afford-DD) to evaluate the impact of the food environment in terms of affordability at the household level. A sample (n 4,898) of children aged 6–59 months representative of Addis Ababa was randomly selected using a multistage sampling procedure including all districts in the city. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to assess the association between children’s DD and afford-DD.
Results
The survey revealed that the mean of children’s DD was 3.9 [± 1.4] while the mean of afford-DD was 4.6 [± 2.1]. Overall, 59.8% of children met the minimum dietary diversity (≥ 4 food groups). White roots and tubers were the most commonly consumed food groups regardless of their affordability. Considerable variations were observed between households that reported the food item affordable and not affordable in consumption of Vitamin A rich vegetables and fruits, meat and fish, egg, and dairy. The children’s DD was positively associated with afford-DD after adjusting for maternal education, household wealth status and other relevant confounding. Higher maternal education modified the association between affordability and children’s diet diversity.
Conclusions
This study suggests higher perceived food affordability was associated with better diet diversity in children. A higher level of maternal education had the potential to mitigate affordability challenges in meeting the children’s dietary diversity needs.
Detecting Structural changes in the retina of neurodegenerative patients through OCT supervised segmentation
Authors: Otin Sofia , Ávila Francisco J , Mallen Victor , Garcia-Martin Elena 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
To evaluate alterations of the choroid in neurodegenerative disease patients versus healthy controls using a custom supervised algorithm based on superpixel segmentation.
Methods
The prospective study protocol and procedures were approved by the Aragon Research Ethics Committee (CEICA) according to Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study. Swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) B-scan images obtained using a Triton (Topcon, Japan) device were compiled. Images were included from three cohorts: multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and Parkinson disease (PD) patients diagnosed by a neurologist, and healthy subjects. 104 OCT B-scan images were processed using a custom supervised superpixel segmentation (SpS) algorithm to detect boundary limits in the choroidal layer. The algorithm groups pixels with similar structural image properties to generate clusters with similar meaningful properties. SpS automatically selects and groups the superpixels in a segmented choroidal area, computing the choroidal optical image density (COID), the total choroidal area (CA), and choroid density (CD).
Results
CA and CD were significantly reduced in the two neurodegenerative diseases (higher in PD than in MS) versus healthy subjects (p < 0.001). COID increased significantly in PD patients versus MS patients and in MS patients versus healthy controls (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
The SpS algorithm detects choroidal tissue and significant changes in choroidal images proprieties in MS and PD patients versus healthy controls. Application of the SpS algorithm to OCT images potentially acts as a non-invasive biomarker for early diagnosis of MS and PD.
Efficient low temperature Monte Carlo sampling using quantum annealing
Authors: Sandt Roland , Spatschek Robert 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Quantum annealing is an efficient technology to determine ground state configurations of discrete binary optimization problems, described through Ising Hamiltonians. Here we show that-at very low computational cost-also finite temperature properties can be calculated. The approach is most efficient at low temperatures, where conventional approaches like Metropolis Monte Carlo sampling suffers from high rejection rates and therefore large statistical noise. To demonstrate the general approach, we apply it to spin glasses and Ising chains.
Synthesis and Characterization of Tadalafil Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Patel Kisan , Chandankar Sachin , Mahajan Hitendra 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Tadalafil (TDFL) nanocrystals, a weakly water-soluble medication, were effectively produced using a hydrothermal method to improve solubility and dissolving rate. Tween 80 was chosen as an effective surfactant for inhibiting aggregation during the stabilization of medication nanocrystals. Under ideal circumstances, nearly spherical nanocrystals with a mean particle size of 284 nm were produced. The FTIR study revealed that the precipitated nanoparticles had the same chemical structure as the raw TDFL, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the TDFL Nano agglomerates. When compared to the unprocessed medication, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed no significant crystalline alteration in the nanocrystals. Furthermore, as compared to the raw material, the dissolution rate of the processed TDFL nanocrystals in 120 minutes was considerably higher. As a result, it was determined that hydrothermal might be a straightforward and effective approach for producing poorly water-soluble drug particles with reduced particle size, narrow particle size distribution, and increased dissolving characteristics. The current work presents a forthright technique for synthesizing and scheming nanosized TDFL for improved drug delivery applications that do not require the use of organic solvents, is green, and has a high yield as a single-step procedure.
Renal microdissection revisited: Lectin-aided sorting of intact tubular nephron segments as a new tool to study sex-related differences in kidney disease
Authors: Roskosch Jessica , Uldry Anne-Christine , Huynh-Do Uyen , Rudloff Stefan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In our aging society an increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) meets a general shortage of organ donors. As the economic burden of CKD is increasing, kidney research made significant progress in the early detection, repair, or replacement of damaged renal tissue, taking in consideration sex-related differences, and precision medicine principles. Despite recent advancements in renal organoid research, the generation of fully functional nephrons in-vitro is so far not achievable. Here we describe a novel lectin-guided protocol to sort renal tissue into four pure, functionally diverse nephron segments with high yield and intact 3D tubular morphology. We validated tissue-sorted fragments with proximal or distal convoluted tubular identity using bottom-up proteomics and assessed sex-related differences. Compared to males, females showed higher abundance of proteins involved in metabolism and excretion of xenobiotics, as well as in cell cycle progression or proliferation, which together might enhance their ability to better cope with renal injury. The major advantage of our protocol – high yield of sorted nephron segments with preserved 3D structure – will allow us to reconstruct miniature kidneys ex-vivo, by combining it with cutting-edge bio-printing techniques. Besides large-scale drug screening or the identification of segment specific biomarkers in renal disease, they could pave the way to generate functional renal replacement units for regenerative medicine. Furthermore, if applied to human biopsies, our method could improve patient-specific renal disease assessment. In conclusion, our method represents a cost-efficient and broadly applicable tool with the potential to propel personalized regenerative kidney research.
Cerebrovascular disease case identification in inpatient electronic medical record data using natural language processing
Authors: Pan Jie , Zhang Zilong , Peters Steven Ray , Vatanpour Shabnam , Walker Robin L. , Lee Seungwon , Martin Elliot A. , Quan Hude 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background

Abstracting cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) from inpatient electronic medical records (EMRs) through natural language processing (NLP) is pivotal for automated disease surveillance and improving patient outcomes. Existing methods rely on coders’ abstraction, which has time delays and under-coding issues. This study sought to develop an NLP-based method to detect CeVD using EMR clinical notes.

Methods

CeVD status was confirmed through a chart review on randomly selected hospitalized patients who were 18 years or older and discharged from 3 hospitals in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, between January 1 and June 30, 2015. These patients’ chart data were linked to administrative discharge abstract database (DAD) and SunriseTM Clinical Manager (SCM) EMR database records by Personal Health Number (a unique lifetime identifier) and admission date. We trained multiple natural language processing (NLP) predictive models by combining two clinical concept extraction methods and two supervised machine learning (ML) methods: random forest and XGBoost. Using chart review as the reference standard, we compared the model performances with those of the commonly applied International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10-CA) codes, on the metrics of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV).

Result

Of the study sample (n=3036), the prevalence of CeVD was 11.8% (n=360); the median patient age was 63; and females accounted for 50.3% (n=1528) based on chart data. Among 49 extracted clinical documents from the EMR, four document types were identified as the most influential text sources for identifying CeVD disease (“nursing transfer report,” “discharge summary,” “nursing notes,” and “inpatient consultation.”). The best performing NLP model was XGBoost, combining the Unified Medical Language System concepts extracted by cTAKES (e.g., top-ranked concepts, “Cerebrovascular accident” and “Transient ischemic attack”), and the term frequency-inverse document frequency vectorizer. Compared with ICD codes, the model achieved higher validity overall, such as sensitivity (25.0% vs 70.0%), specificity (99.3% vs 99.1%), PPV (82.6 vs. 87.8%), and NPV (90.8% vs 97.1%).

Conclusion

The NLP algorithm developed in this study performed better than the ICD code algorithm in detecting CeVD. The NLP models could result in an automated EMR tool for identifying CeVD cases and be applied for future studies such as surveillance, and longitudinal studies.
Potential Effect Of Green Tea Extract For Adjuvant Treatment Of Acute Ischemic Stroke by S100ß Upregulation In Non Thrombolysis Patient
Authors: Machin Abdulloh , Suprapto Djoko Agus , Hanifah Anny , Suharjanti Isti , Shodiq Jakfar , Fatihuddin M Fata , Kim Beom Joon , Firdha Azizah Amimathul 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the efficacy of green tea extract for adjuvant treatment of acute ischemic stroke in non-thrombolysis patients.
Methods
A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted in January-November 2021. The subjects were all acute ischemic stroke patients who presented to the ER during recruitment. Patients were then randomized into control or intervention groups and followed up to 30 days of treatment. On days 0,7,14, and 30 of the treatment, NIHSS, mRS and MoCAIna scores were measured. IL-10 and S100ß were measured on the first and seventh days of admission.
Results
All the delta-NIHSS (day 7 − 0, day 14 − 0, day 30 − 0) were found to be statistically significant in the intervention group (p = 0.019, p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively), especially the NIHSS improvement on day 30 − 0 (RR 4,333 (1,162–16,157); CI 95%; p = 0.014). On day 30, the mRS score was significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group (1.00 (0.00–4.00) vs 2.00 (1.00–4.00); p = 0.046). The delta-mRS day 14 − 0 and 30 − 0 were statistically significant for the intervention group (p = 0.042 and p = 0.001). There is no significant difference between the two groups in the MoCAIna score and IL-10 level. On days 0 and 7, the S100ß were found to be statistically significant in the intervention group (p = 0.041 and p = 0.013). The delta- S100β day 7 − 0 was found to be significantly lower in the intervention groups compared to the control group (-1.388 (-4.420–5.010) 0.900 (-1.800–5.660); p-value < 0.001).
Conclusions
The green tea extract with EGCG through up-regulation S100ß can improve the clinical outcomes of acute cerebral infarction patients.
Prognostic value of immune biomarkers in renal clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Tong , Duan Mingguang , Xin Yinghui , Liu Zhiling , Li Kaiguo , Liu Yuanwei , Lv Yonghui , Jing Haiyan , Zhang Jie , Huang Zhaoqin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective: To analyze the expression of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and immune biomarkers to investigate their prognostic value in patients with Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).
Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 152 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with ccRCC between March 2010 and December 2018 at our institute. All tumor tissue sections were collected, and immunohistochemical staining was performed to calculate the expression of CD4, CD8, PD-1 and PD-L1. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic value of biomarkers on survival. The association of clinicopathological variables and biomarkers were tested by Chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test or Student’s t-test.
Results: In univariable analysis, increased tumor-infiltrating of CD8+ T cells and PD-L1 positive cells were associated with poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). In multiple analysis, increased CD8+T cells was an independent prognostic factor for poor DFS (p=0.009) and increased PD-L1 was independent prognostic factors for poor OS (p=0.030).
Conclusion: This study showed some TILs and biomarkers can provide some prognostic data for clinical subsequent therapy for patients with ccRCC.
Cardiac MRI of Characteristic Motion Findings in Right Bundle Branch Block
Authors: Axel Leon , Kanski Mikael , Gomez Geraldine Villasana , Gozansky Elliott , Babb James S. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
While there have been many descriptions of characteristic motion findings in left bundle branch block (LBBB), there are few published descriptions of such findings in right bundle branch block (RBBB).
The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of particular regional motion findings in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) studies of patients with RBBB, compared with normal subjects.
Methods
We focused on three distinctive motion patterns that can be seen in RBBB during early systole: delayed apex-ward motion of the RV base, “reverse septal flash”, and “basal bulge”. The presence and relative magnitude of these findings were independently scored by four experienced observers, in 3-chamber and 4-chamber CMR cines, for both normal subjects and patients with RBBB.
Results
These motion patterns were found to be strongly associated with the presence of RBBB. While only moderately sensitive, they were quite specific for RBBB, when present. In particular, with ROC analysis, a combined feature set of the findings in the 4-chamber view had an area under the curve of 0.81.
Conclusion
This previously undescribed set of RBBB-associated early-systolic regional motion features (delayed apex-ward motion of the RV base, “reverse septal flash”, and “basal bulge”) is strongly suggestive of RBBB when present, particularly in the 4-chamber view. Although here evaluated with CMR, it is also likely to be associated with RBBB when seen with other cardiac imaging modalities.
Mapping single-cell transcriptomes of endometrium reveals potential biomarkers in cancer
Authors: Xu Gang , Pan Tao , Li Si , Guo Jing , Zhang Ya , Xu Qi , Chen Renwei , Ma Yanlin , Li Yongsheng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Deconvolution of immune microenvironment that drive transcriptional programs throughout the menstrual cycle is key to understanding regulatory biology of endometrium.
Methods
We comprehensively analyzed single cell transcriptome of 59,397 cells across ten human endometrium samples. Cell specific expression of genes were revealed and transcription factors that potentially regulated these genes were identified by SCENIC. CellChat was used to analyze the cell-cell communications. The RNA-based molecular subtypes of human endometrial cancers were revealed by nonnegative matrix factorization analysis.
Results
Single cell transcriptome analyses revealed the dynamic cellular heterogeneity throughout the menstrual cycle. In particular, we identified two perivascular cell subtypes, four epithelial subtypes and four fibroblast cell types in endometrium. Moreover, we inferred the cell type-specific transcription factor (TF) activities and linked critical TFs to transcriptional output of diverse immune cell types, highlighting the importance of transcriptional regulation in endometrium. Dynamic interactions between various types of cells in endometrium contribute to a range of biological pathways regulating differentiation of secretory. Integration of the molecular biomarkers identified in endometrium and bulk transcriptome of 535 endometrial cancers (EC), we revealed five RNA-based molecular subtypes of EC with highly intratumoral heterogeneity and different clinical manifestations. Mechanism analysis uncovered clinically relevant pathways for pathogenesis of EC.
Conclusions
In summary, dynamic immune microenvironment analyses provide novel insights into future development of RNA-based treatments for endometriosis and endometrial carcinoma.
Metamaterial Inspired Quad-port Multi-Antenna System for Millimeter Wave 5G Applications
Authors: Krishnamoorthy R. , Kumar Ushus. S. , . GundalaSwathi , M Amina Begum , Nancharaiah B. , DayaSagar K.V. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This work presents a symmetrical quad-element Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna that uses a feasible band for 5G millimetre waves at 38 GHz. The main radiator is a patch antenna with a rectangular shape, and the frequency it operates at is 38 GHz. Etching a three-element split-ring resonator (SRR) metamaterial unit cell onto the normal patch radiator allows for widening the resonance over the desired operating band. The suggested MIMO antenna is built on a Rogers RT5880 substrate material that measures 15 x 15 mm2, has a thickness of 0.8 mm, and has a dielectric constant of 2.2. The results of the measurements show that the antenna is capable of covering a frequency range from 37.3 to 39.3 GHz and can also achieve an inter-port isolation of greater than 20 dB between the antenna elements across both bands without the use of a complex decoupling structure. These are the results that were obtained when the antenna was tested. An equivalent circuit diagram of the electrical responses of the antenna is also presented to get insight into the proposed antenna. This schematic makes use of lumped components. The diversity performance parameters that were analysed provide an envelope correlation coefficient that is less than 0.005, and a channel capacity loss that is less than 0.35 bits/s/Hz. All of these results fall well within the parameters that are considered acceptable norms. The findings provide evidence that the design is workable for the transmission of millimetre waves at 5G speeds.
New Genomic Insights into the Conformation of Lipizzan Horses
Authors: Gmel Annik , Brem Gottfried , Neuditschko Markus 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Conformation traits are important selection criteria in equine breeding, as they describe the exterior aspects of the horse (height, joint angles, shape). However, the genetic architecture of conformation is not well understood, as data of these traits mainly consist of subjective evaluation scores. Here, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on two-dimensional (2D) shape data of Lipizzan horses. Based on this data, we identified two significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to a heavy or light type of horse on equine chromosome (ECA) 16 within the MAGI1 gene and on ECA5 within the POU2F1 gene. Both genes were previously described to affect growth and muscling in sheep, cattle and pigs. Furthermore, we pin-pointed another suggestive QTL on ECA 21, near the PTGER4 gene, associated with human ankylosing spondylitis, for shape differences in the back and pelvis (roach back vs sway back). Further differences in the shape of the back and abdomen were suggestively associated with the RYR1 gene, involved in core muscle weakness in humans. Therefore, we demonstrated, that horse shape space data enhance the genomic investigations of horse conformation.
A Babesia microti conserved membrane-associated protein Bm8 elicits partial protection against Babesia and Plasmodium infection
Authors: Wang Yao , Zhang Qianqian , Zhang Wanruo , Chen Junhu , Dai Jianfeng , Zhou Xia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The protozoan parasite Babesia microti that causes the zoonoses, babesiosis interacts with the host erythrocytes during its life cycle. So far, no effective vaccines are available to prevent Babesia infections. In this study, we identified a B. microti conserved erythrocyte membrane-associated antigen, Bm8, as a high seroreactivity antigen. Bioinformatic and phylogenetic analysis showed that this membrane-associated protein is conserved among apicomplexan hemoprotozoa, such as Babesia, Plasmodium, and Theileria. The recombinant protein Bm8 (rBm8) was obtained by prokaryotic expression and purification. Immunofluorescence assays (IFA) confirmed that Bm8 and its plasmodium homolog is localized principally in the cytoplasm of the parasites. rBm8 protein can be specifically recognized by the sera of mice infected with B. microti or P. berghei. Further, mice immunized with Bm8 polypeptide had a decreased parasite burdenafter B. microti or P. berghei infection. Accordingly, passive immunization withBm8 antisera also partially protected mice against B. microti or P. berghei infection. Thus, wepropose that the B. microticonserved erythrocyte membrane-associated protein Bm8 might serve as a novel broad-spectrum parasite vaccine candidate having a protective immune response against Babesiosis and Plasmodium infection.
Synthesis, structural characterization and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 3-acetylpyridinium and 4-acetylpyridinium picrate crystals
Authors: Guganathan Loganathan , Balakrishnan Chellakarungu , Suppuraj Palusamy , Balasubramanian Venkataraman 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Single crystals of 3-acetylpyridinium picrate (I) and 4-acetylpyridinium picrate (II) were grown in slow evaporation environments. Harvested crystals were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrum, diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectrum, thermal and Hirshfeld surface analysis. Crystal (I) crystallizes a triclinic crystal system with a centric (Pī) space group and (II) crystallizes in a monoclinic system with a centric (P21/c) space group. The molecule is associated with accommodating C-H•••O, N-H•••O and π•••π stacking interactions, very much responsible for the formation and strengthening of the supramolecular network. TG/DTA analysis reveals the thermal pattern of the complexes. Intermolecular interactions are quantified by Hirshfeld surface analysis.