bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of morphology and response of several soybean varieties to pests and diseases in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Fattah A , Asaad M , Idaryani  , Herniwati  , Warda  , Nurjanani  , Mirsam H , Nappu M B , Hannan F I , Enriani  , Rahmi  , Sunanto  , Andriani I , Syam A , Wahditiya A A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
South Sulawesi has long been known as the largest soybean-producing province in Indonesia and one of its supporters is the emergence of several soybean varieties that have responsiveness and adaptability to various agroecosystems and are tolerant to pests and diseases. Several soybean varieties that have been developed by farmers and brought South Sulawesi to be known as the largest soybean producer in Indonesia include Wilis, Mahameru, Anjasmoro, and Argomulyo. The Wilis variety emerged as a superior variety in South Sulawesi in the era of 1986-1989. This variety has higher responsiveness and adaptability as well as productivity (1.60 t ha−1) than Orba and Galunggung (1.50 t ha−1). Then in 1990-2012, the Mahameru variety appeared which was most favored by farmers at that time. The Mahameru variety has several advantages, including larger seeds (16.0-17.0 g) than Wilis (10.0 g) per 100 seeds. In addition, this variety is resistant to fall, resistant to leaf rust, and has higher productivity (2.0-2.5 t ha−1) than Wilis (1.6 t h a −1). From 2013 to 2018, the Anjasmoro and Agromolyo varieties emerged which have brought the name South Sulawesi known as the largest source of soybean seeds in Eastern Indonesia. This variety has several advantages over Mahameru, including being older, being more mature and adaptive to various agroecosystems, and being tolerant of pests and diseases. In 2019-2021 several soybeans have appeared, including the Derap-1, Deja-1, Dega-1, Detap-1, Devon-1, and Dena-1 varieties. This variety has several advantages compared to Anjasmoro and Argomulyo, including earlier age, larger seeds, higher productivity, resistance to fall, and more tolerance to pests and diseases. This variety also has high adaptability and response to various agroecosystems, including in paddy fields and dry land.
Impact of urbanization on the ant diversity: a case study on teak plantation in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Muhammad Faiz Nashiruddin , Bayu Mario M , Tarno Hagus , Setiawan Yogo , Amaliah Asri Ainun , Sari Nur Indah , Achmad Muhammad Alifuddin , Kafle Lekhnath 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Ant communities play an important role in a teak agroecosystem. However, ant diversity is affected by urbanization. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity and composition of ants in teak plantations in urban and rural areas. This study was conducted in July 2022 at three plantations in two regencies (Gowa and Maros) and one city (Makassar) in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Gowa and Maros are located in rural areas, while Makassar is located in urban areas. Ants were sampled using a pitfall canopy. At each plantation, 20 trees were sampled randomly for pitfall installation. Ants were identified to the genera level and morphospecies. Ant’s diversity was analyzed using the Shannon Wiener, Simpson, and Evenness index and analysis of dissimilarity (Anosim). Total 273 individual ants samples were collected from 10 species and four subfamilies from three teak plantations in South Sulawesi. Crematogaster sp.1 was the most abundant ant among all the collected samples. Based upon the different indexes, the highest ant diversity was found in Gowa followed by Maros, while the lowest diversity was found in Makassar. The level of ant dominance in Makassar was higher than other two studied areas. The highest species evenness index was also found in Gowa and followed by Maros. The species composition in the three teak plantations was also not similar. Each location had their unique species composition than the other locations. This indicated that urbanization causes negative impacts on ants diversity and evenness as well as increase the dominance of ant species in teak plantations.
Intraguild predation of Phenacoccus manihoti parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi by two mealybug predators, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Plesiochrysa ramburi
Authors: Fanani M Z , Rauf A , Maryana N , Nurmasyah A , Hindayana D 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAnagyrus lopeziis a specialist parasitoid was introduced to Indonesia in 2014 to control cassava mealybug,Phenacoccus manihoti. Plesiochrysa ramburiandCryptolaemus montrouzieriare generalist predator insects associated with the mealybug. Intraguild predation is a crucial competition in an insect community. The study objective was to investigate interference of both predators on healthy mealybug (unparasitized) or parasitized mealybug byA. lopezi(mealybug which containing parasitoid larvae 1-, 3-, 8-, and 14-day old). Experiments were carried out in a non-choice test (served only one unparasitized or parasitized mealybug of a specific parasitoid age) and choice test (unparasitized and parasitized mealybug of a specific parasitoid age together) in laboratory under controlled environmental conditions. Both of predators species able to fed on both unparasitized and parasitized mealybugs of three different age (1-, 3-, and 8- day-old), but both predators discriminated against mealybug were parasitized 14-day old (hardened mummies). Interaction between parasitoid ofA. lopeziand both predators showed antagonistic interaction type. We recommendedA. lopezishould be released in field at the beginning of the time when the population of the mealybug is still low and could be continued with the predators release when the mealybug population is high.
Impact of planting distances to arthropods abundance on kangkong
Authors: Aminah S N , Melina  , Rezeki E R 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Kangkong (Ipomoea reptans Poir) is the favourite green vegetable especially most of Asian people. The important factors affecting production of kangkong is the planting distance. The optimal planting distance create an ideal microhabitat around crop and potential to suppress development of insect pests. The research purpose is to study the impact of planting distance to arthropods abundance on kangkong. The research was conducted in Somba Opu District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi from February to May 2020. The arthropods identification was carried out at the Pest Laboratory, Department of Plant Pest and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University Makassar. The study was conducted in four treatments of planting distance, P1= 5 cm x 5 cm; P2 = 5 cm x 10 cm, P3 = 5 cm x 15 cm and P4 = the seeds was spread (without planting distance), respectively. Each treatment was repeated four times, the arthropods was caught by pitfall trap. The sampling method used the diagonal pattern. Observation of arthropods began when the kangkong 7 days after planting with interval 7 days until harvest. The arthropods results divided into two group (insect pest and natural enemies) showed that: 1) the highest number of insect pests in the pitfall trap was found in treatment P4 (Valanga sp. 1.25 individual); 2) the highest natural enemies number from Hymenoptera (Formicidae); and 3) the highest harvest number in the treatment P1 (13.1 kg) and the lowest in P4 (11.3 kg). Conclusion of the research: grasshopper Valanga sp. (Orthoptera: Acrididae) as the dominan insect pest in P4 (1.25 individual). Dominant arthropods as natural enemies in the kangkong field as Formicidae in P3 (14.5 individual). The highest harvest in kangkong field at P1 (13.1 kg) and the lowest in P4 (11.3 kg).
Characterization of chitinolytic bacteria isolated from Ipomea pes caprae
Authors: Bahar A K F , Patandjengi B , Hardiansyah M Y , Membalik V 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Chitin has substantial benefits in several sectors including agriculture. In the plant protection field, chitin can promote the growth of certain bacteria which has possibly controlled the spread of fungal pathogens. Thus, chitinolytic bacteria producing chitinase enzymes can inhibit the growth of fungi. The purpose of this study was to examine the morphological and physiological characteristics of chitinolytic bacteria which collected from Ipomea pes caprae in Makassar and its ability to produce chitinolytic enzymes on medial culture. The method started to grow the isolates on the nutrient agar which were added to colloidal chitin. Furthermore, the bacteria were identified by its color, form, elevation and edge as well as tested its physiological characteristics with KOH 3% test and catalase test. In addition, bacterial chitinolytic index was carried out by using the disc diffusion method. The results showed that each isolate had yellowish white and grayish white colors; morphological characters: round and irregular colony shapes, colony edges smooth and choppy as well as umbonature and convex elevations. The physiological test results indicate that all isolates had a positive response in the catalase test, one of the isolates reacted positively to the gram test and the others reacted negatively to the test. Each isolate had chitinolytic activity with indices of 0.10, 0.09, 0.70, and 0.11.
Morphology and life cycle of Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with soybean leaf (Glycine max[L.] Merr.) in the laboratory
Authors: Arifin Siti Hasry Ainun , Abdullah Tamrin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max[L.] Merr. ) is an important vegetable source of vegetable protein for the whole world. Wilis is one of the superior varieties in great demand among farmers. However, soybean production in recent years in Indonesia has declined. One of the causes is the presence of parasites which can cause losses both in quantity and quality. The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a serious pest that can attack 353 host plants from 76 plant families and one of them is the Fabaceae family. This research was conducted at the laboratory and experimental farm of Hasanuddin University Faculty of Agriculture and took place from August to December 2020. The larvae were obtained from Sidenreng Rappang regency, Watang Pulu district. Insect was reared in the laboratory to produce eggs which are used to observe the life cycle of S. frugiperda with soybean leaves as food. Biological observations were made, including the duration of each stadium, and the shape and size of the egg until it becomes an adults. The results of this study showed that the larvae of S. frugiperda consisted of six instars. The mean duration of eggs to hatching was 1.8 days, the duration of the larval was 18.78 days, the duration of the pre-pupa was 1.61 days, the duration of the pupal was 10 days and the longevityis s 9.28 days for males adults and 13.73 days for females adults.
Reactions of several chili cultivars against Colletotrichum capsici and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Authors: Arfiani N , Riswan R P , Risnawati I S , Amin N , Asman  , Fatahuddin  , Nasruddin A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum spp. is one of the most damaging chili diseases. The purpose of the current study was to determine the pathogenicity of two important pathogens of chili anthracnose disease, C. gloeosporioides (Penz) Penz. & Sacc. and C. capsici E.J. Butler & Bisby, on several chili cultivars in laboratory. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design in factorial. The first factor was chili cultivar: Gandewa, Lado, Laris, Pilar, Provost, Bhaskara, and Bara; and the second factor was inoculation method: wounding and non-wounding the fruits. The treated fruits were then incubated in room temperature. Symptom severity was assessed 48 h after the inoculation and every 24 h thereafter for a total of four observations. The results showed that for non-wounding inoculation, all cultivars were highly resistant against C. gloeosporioides and C. capsici with no symptom, except Gandewa was moderately susceptible to C. gloeosporioides. However, for the wounding inoculation, all cultivars were infected by both C. gloeosporioides and C. capsici with varying severity levels. Lado and Pilar were moderately resistant to C. gloeosporioides. For cultivar reaction against C. capsici, Gandewa, Lado, Laris, and Provost were moderately resistant, and the other cultivars were moderately susceptible.
Control for purple blotch and anthracnose diseases using biopesticides and local varieties of shallots in the rainy season
Authors: Sulastrini I , Hanudin  , Hasyim A , Setiawati W , Moekasan T K 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purple blotch and anthracnose disease are the main diseases of shallots. The purpose of this study was to obtain an environmentally friendly technology for controlling purple blotch and anthracnose on shallots during the rainy season. The design used in this research was a split plot design with the main plots of local varieties of shallots (A) namely Sembrani, Bima Brebes and Maja Cipanas. As a sub-plot is the use of fungicides, namely chemical fungicides, chemical fungicides and bio-fungicides are used interchangeably and bio-fungicides are used routinely. The results of research conducted in the rainy season show that Sembrani variety had a significant effect on reducing the severity of purple blotch, anthracnose, and Stemphylium leaf blight disease compared with Bima Brebes and Maja Cipanas varieties. The use of chemical fungicides continuously is comparable to use of chemical fungicides and bio-fungicides which are carried out alternately in suppressing the severity of purple blotch, anthracnose and Stemphylium leaf blight diseases on shallots. Control by using chemical fungicides and bio-fungicides alternately that are can save the use of chemical fungicides by 50% thereby can protect the environment sustainability.
Post-harvest pest population based on observation method at bulog warehouse
Authors: Rajamuddin  , Wardiman Muhammad Agung 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Postharvest pests are the biggest problem during storage, so it is necessary to monitor for control measures. This study aims to monitor the population using two systems of monitoring methods. This research was conducted in three regencies where Bulogs rice was stored. The monitoring using namely direct and indirect method. Direct monitoring was carried out by determining five sample points diagonally, each sample point measuring 1×1 m and then directly monitoring all of the insects pest found. While indirect monitoring were carried out by taking samples using a probe with three times at each sample point and the collected rice was weighed as much as 300 grams and then count the population in the rice. Monitoring were made on comodities that had been fumigated for two months. The results showed that the highest population of postharvest pests was found in the direct visual monitoring method and the pests with the highest population was Cryptolestes, then Tribolium, and the lowest was Rhyzopertha.
Genetic variability, heritability, and correlation of hybrids maize agronomy characters adaptive to dry land, medium plains
Authors: Syahruddin K , Suwardi  
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The selection of hybrid maize plants that adapt to dry land in the medium plains is very important considering the very widely available such land in Indonesia, so the existence of adaptive varieties is needed. Information on agronomic characters of adaptive hybrid maize is the basic information for character selection to make the breeding program more effective. The study aims to determine the genetic variability, heritability, and correlation of hybrid maize agronomic characters tested in dry land of medium plains. The genetic material used 22 maize hybrids, arranged in randomized block design with 3 replications. The experiment was carried out in Polewali Mandar Regency, West Sulawesi from June to September 2021. The results showed the characters that were strongly influenced by the environment were ear position height, stem diameter, male and female flowering time, and shelling percentage. The characters of stem diameter, male and female flowering time, and shelling percentage can be used for selection characters in the advanced generations. The characters that had significantly positively correlated with yield characters were plant height, leaf width, ear diameter, harvested ear weight, and weight of 1000 kernels, while the character that had negatively correlated with yield was kernel moisture content.
Phenotypic leaf character of katokkon chili pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) result of polyploidization with colchicine
Authors: Novitasari  , Sjahril R , Saleh I R , Haring F , Mantja K , Tambung A , Noviany F 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The formation of a new variety of katokkon chili through mutation breeding using colchicine was conducted in this study. This study aims to determine the effect of the phenotypic leaf characters of katokkon chili pepper resulting from polyploidization with colchicine. The study was conducted at the Malino Horticulture Seed Garden Installation, Tinggimoncong District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi at an altitude of 1047 m above sea level. This study used samples of katokkon chili pepper plants that had been induced by colchicine and were analyzed using flow cytometry. The results showed that treatment with 0.10% colchicine concentration and 48 hours of soaking time and 0.20% colchicine concentration and 24 and 48 hours of soaking time that is tetraploid detected plant affected on darker leaf color and irregular branching shape compared to wild-type. At the same time, tetraploid plants leaf length, width and thickness did not show significant differences with diploid and mixoploid plants.
Yield performance and agronomic characteristics of several candidate hybrid maize varieties on uncultivated land
Authors: Muliadi A , Priyanto S B , Efendi R 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Corn is currently a strategic and dominant national commodity used as raw material for animal feed. The increase in productivity was made possible by the continued assembly of hybrid corn which has a higher production per hectare with a wide or site-specific adaptation rate. Due to the wide utilization of maize, the main objective of all commercial maize breeding programs is to obtain new inbred and hybrids which will outperform the hybrids mainly on grain yield characteristics. This research was conducted in Bone Regency to know the yield potential of several hybrid maize on uncultivated land, using a randomized block design, 4 replications, a plot area of 3 x 5 m, and spacing of 70 x 20 cm. The material used consisted of 4 hybrids and 2 comparison varieties. The results showed that the hybrid G1603 (11.61 t/ha) showed the highest grain yield and was not significantly different from the comparison varieties. This result was supported by the character of the number of rows of seeds per ear, the length of the ear, and the diameter. These characteristics need to be considered to get hybrid corn with a high grain yield.
Genetic advantages of highland local rice in South Sumatra
Authors: Yustisia  , Atekan  , Khodijah S , Anggraini R T , Karman J , Irsan F , Maryana Y E , Suryana Y , Juwita Y , Khairullah I , Heryanto R B , Riyanto D 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Identification of genetic superiority is needed to anticipate problems such as local rice extinction and environmental stress due to global climate change. This study aims to determine the genetic superiority of local upland rice in South Sumatra, and the opportunities for its use as a donor gene in the creation of new high-yielding varieties. A research on eight local rice was conducted in May-September 2021. The method and scope of the study are inventory of local rice, identification of agronomic characters, and identification of Zn and Fe content in grain components. Quantitative characters identified as important genes are panicle length and 1000 grain weight. Panicle length (>35 cm) is an important character of Selebur Rimbe, Putih Rice and Jambat Teras. The 1000 grains weight of Selebur Rimbe rice is close to 30 g (28.95 g). The [Zinc] character of local rice bran significantly determines [Zn] polished rice (r = 0.701*). While determining character [Fe] of brown rice is empty grain (r = - 0.707*). Information on the advantages of this rice genetics can be utilized through implementation of crosses with various superior varieties of rice. The expected output from this effort is a superior rice variety that has characteristics including high yield, high [Zn] brown rice grains, low [Fe] husk, as well as adaptive and stable at various altitudes.
Growth and result performance of 10 promising resistant lines of tungro disease in Lanrang South Sulawesi
Authors: Ibrahim Elisurya , Rosida Nur , Khaerana  , Haiqal Muhammad 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Increased rice production is constrained by various limiting factors, One of these is tungro disease, which can limit productivity. When resistant tungro varieties are available, they are regarded as an affective control tool that is also more environmental friendly. Advanced yield experiment represents a phase in the process of producing cultivars that are resistant to tungro disease. The study aimed to determine the growth and result performance of tungro-resistant lines with greater phenotypic characteristics and yield potential compared to other tungro resistant varieties. The study was carried out from July to October 2018 at the Tungro Disease Research Station in Lanrang Sidrap, utilizing a design with a randomized complete block design, It was repeated three times using 10 tungro-resistant lines and two comparative varieties, namely Inpari 7, Lanrang, and Ciherang. The F test was used to examine the data, and the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test was used to determine significance. The parameters observed were Flowering age of 50% (days), number of panicles per m2, plant height (cm), density score, the weight of 1000 grains, number of filled and unfilled grains per panicle, moisture content (%), grain yield (kg/ha). Results revealed that there were four lines BP12280-3f-7-Kn-2-1*B-Lrg-1-1-10-9, BP12280-3f-7-Kn-2-1 * B-Lrg-1- 1-10-9, BP12206f-8-3-2 * B-LR-20-4 and BP12280-3f-7-Kn-2-1 * B-Lrg-1- 16-14 with a higher grain yield than Ciherang and Inpari 7 Lanrang, which benefited by 1000 grain weight, the number of grains filled per panicle and flowering age is 50% earlier than the comparison variety.
Identification and quantification of minerals and vitamins of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) leave
Authors: Ranteallo Y , Ahmad M , Syam A , Nilawati A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purple sweet potato leaves are abundant in polyphenols, antisionins, flavonoids, and other nutrients that are higher than other varieties and green vegetables and are very good for health but reports on mineral and vitamin content are still very rare even in many places including Jayapura are less aware of the benefits and uses of these leaves, while around many are malnourished, especially in pregnancy. The purpose of this study, namely Identifying and measuring, and analyzing the mineral and vitamin content of purple sweet potato leaves. To extract Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn using the ICP-MS method. K, Ca, Mg, and Na using the AAS method while P, B-Carotene, and Vitamin C using the Spectrophotometric method. The results of this study were Fe (22,014.5 µg/100g), Zn (1,999.9 µg/100g), Cu (5 µg/100g), Mn (3,902.6 µg/100g), K (1,786,556 µg/100g), Ca (258,824 µg/100g), Mg (164,839 µg/100g), Na (305,531µg/100g), P (98,278 µg/100g). Vitamin C (300.845 µg/100g), B.Carotene (585.829 µg/100g). This study concludes that the minerals and vitamins of Koya Koso Jayapura purple sweet potato leaves are proven to be very high, and can be used as additional food and treatment for micronutrient deficiencies, especially for pregnant women. Suggestions for future researchers to identify more minerals and vitamins in these purple sweet potato leaves.