bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) cryptic species complex in the United States and reproductive host assessment of its dominant member
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Xiao Yingfang , Borden Matthew A , Ahmed Muhammad Z , McKenzie Cindy L , Osborne Lance S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, is a cryptic species complex of at least 9 species, 2 of which (South Asia 1 and East Asia 1) have been confirmed damaging &gt;50 plant taxa in the United States. To develop a knowledge-based management program for this pest in the United States, the objectives of the study were to (i) survey for S. dorsalis species complex in the suspected regions and (ii) assess the reproductive hosts of the predominant member available. Thrips samples received from collaborators were subjected to morpholo-molecular characterization. Of the 101 thrips populations received across the United States between 2015 and 2021, 71 populations were confirmed as S. dorsalis, with ~25% further identified as East Asia 1, compared with ~41% identified as South Asia 1, suggesting the latter species is more prevalent in the US. East Asia 1 was primarily found in samples collected from Hydrangea sp. (95%) in Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania, indicating geographic range expansion in the Northeast and successful overwintering in areas with hard freezes. While assessing the host range of South Asia 1 (dominant species), 62 plant taxa were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Among these, 40 feeding and reproductive hosts were confirmed in Florida. We also found 18 new reproductive hosts and 3 feeding hosts of S. dorsalis, which were not previously reported in the literature. The results provide insight into the increasing host range and expanded geographical distribution of S. dorsalis species and will enable the development of a species-specific monitoring and management program.
Attitudes, Presuppositions, and the Binding Theory
Authors: Blumberg Kyle 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In order to handle presuppositions in the scope of attitude verbs, the binding theory allows presuppositions triggered in a subject's beliefs to be bound at the matrix level; and it allows presuppositions triggered in non-doxastic attitudes to be bound in the subject's beliefs (Geurts, 1999; Maier, 2015). However, we argue that this leads to serious overgeneration, for example it predicts that the unacceptable ‘Sue will come to the party, but Bill is sure that she won't and that only Sue will come to the party’ should be equivalent to the acceptable ‘Sue will come to the party, but Bill is sure that nobody will come to the party’. This is because the presupposition triggered by ‘only Sue will come to the party’ should be able to be bound at the matrix level. We discuss some responses to this problem, but argue that they all have shortcomings.
A phylogeographic assessment redefines the distributions of Truncilla species (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Texas
Authors: Saxon Rachel , Randklev Charles R , Roe Kevin J , Robertson Clinton R , Smith Chase H 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Truncilla macrodon¸ the Texas Fawnsfoot, is currently considered to be restricted to the Brazos and Colorado river drainages in central Texas, USA. Subfossil specimens resembling T. macrodon from shell middens in the Trinity river drainage have raised questions about its presumptive range. Extant Truncilla populations occupying the Trinity river drainage are believed to be Truncilla donaciformis, the Fawnsfoot, but the species identity has not been assessed using molecular techniques. In this study, we set out to use phylogeographic and morphometric approaches to resolve the distribution of Truncilla spp. in Texas, with an emphasis on assessing species identity of Truncilla in the Trinity river drainage. Our molecular analyses indicated individuals from the Trinity river drainage are T. macrodon rather than T. donaciformis, and morphometric analyses using ratios of shell length, width and height supports this finding and showed differentiation among T. macrodon, Truncilla cognata and T. donaciformis. These combined findings suggest the range of T. macrodon is larger than previously recognized and includes the Colorado, Brazos and Trinity river drainages. The status of Truncilla spp. in the San Jacinto river basin remains unclear due to lack of information on historical or extant populations, but we recommend conservationists consider T. macrodon as part of the mussel fauna since the drainage shares an embayment with the Trinity river drainage. Molecular data also indicated the Trinity population of T. macrodon is distinct from, and more genetically diverse than, the Brazos and Colorado populations. This difference suggests the Trinity River population should be treated as a separate management unit from the Brazos and Colorado River populations to facilitate effective conservation and recovery planning. Our study adds to the growing body of literature highlighting the utility of molecular data in conservation and management of freshwater mussels.
Statebuilding in the Periphery: Why States Colonize and Why They Stop
Authors: Lake David A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
How do states secure and maintain political authority over territory? In Settling for Less: Why States Colonize and Why They Stop, Lachlan McNamee explores one common mechanism for building authority, namely settler colonialism, that should be of interest to scholars beyond those interested in colonialism per se. Building a novel theory, he explains when settler colonialism is employed by states and, importantly, why it typically becomes obsolete with economic development. Using new data, he surveys paired cases of Indonesian settlement in New Guinea and Australia's failed attempt in Papua New Guinea, as well as two periods of Chinese settlement in Xinjiang. One underdeveloped dimension of this otherwise outstanding book is the strategic choices of the indigenes. A second dimension is the alternatives to settler colonialism, including direct and indirect rule through indigenous proxies. While McNamee pushes the research frontier outwards, exerting and consolidating state authority over peripheries remain a challenge. To the extent settler colonialism “works,” that is, migrants from a majority group move into and dominate the periphery so as to attach the region more firmly to the national-state, the indigenous community is not only displaced and exploited in the moment but it is economically and politically undermined for the future. The indigenes are not credibly protected against future exploitation but, at the extreme, are eliminated in genocidal wars.
Stromal STAT5-Mediated Trophic Activity Regulates Hematopoietic Niche Factors
Authors: Wang Zhengqi , Emmel Grace , Lim Hong Seo , Zhu Wandi , Kosters Astrid , Ghosn Eliver E B , Qiu Peng , Bunting Kevin D 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5a and STAT5b) are intrinsically critical for normal hematopoiesis but are also expressed in stromal cells. Here, STAT5ab knockout (KO) was generated with a variety of bone marrow hematopoietic and stromal Cre transgenic mouse strains. Vav1-Cre/+STAT5abfl/fl, the positive control for loss of multipotent hematopoietic function, surprisingly dysregulated niche factor mRNA expression, and deleted STAT5ab in CD45neg cells. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of bone marrow from Vav1-Cre/+ wild-type or Vav1-Cre/+STAT5abfl/fl mice showed hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) myeloid commitment priming. Nes+ cells were detected in both CD45neg and CD45+ clusters and deletion of STAT5ab with Nes-Cre caused hematopoietic repopulating defects. To follow up on these promiscuous Cre promoter deletions in CD45neg and CD45+ bone marrow cell populations, more stroma-specific Cre strains were generated and demonstrated a reduction in multipotent hematopoietic progenitors. Functional support for niche-supporting activity was assessed using STAT5-deficient mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). With Lepr-Cre/+STAT5abfl/fl, niche factor mRNAs were downregulated with validation of reduced IGF-1 and CXCL12 proteins. Furthermore, advanced computational analyses revealed a key role for STAT5ab/Cish balance with Cish strongly co-expressed in MSCs and HSCs primed for differentiation. Therefore, STAT5ab-associated gene regulation supports the bone marrow microenvironment.
Microbiotoxicity: antibiotic usage and its unintended harm to the microbiome
Authors: Theodosiou Anastasia A. , Jones Christine E. , Read Robert C. , Bogaert Debby 
Published: July 2023

Purpose of review
Antibiotic use is associated with development of antimicrobial resistance and dysregulation of the microbiome (the overall host microbial community). These changes have in turn been associated with downstream adverse health outcomes. This review analyses recent important publications in a rapidly evolving field, contextualizing the available evidence to assist clinicians weighing the potential risks of antibiotics on a patient's microbiome.

Recent finding
Although the majority of microbiome research is observational, we highlight recent interventional studies probing the associations between antibiotic use, microbiome disruption, and ill-health. These studies include germ-free mouse models, antibiotic challenge in healthy human volunteers, and a phase III study of the world's first approved microbiome-based medicine.

Summary
The growing body of relevant clinical and experimental evidence for antibiotic-mediated microbiome perturbation is concerning, although further causal evidence is required. Within the limits of this evidence, we propose the novel term ‘microbiotoxicity’ to describe the unintended harms of antibiotics on a patient's microbiome. We suggest a framework for prescribers to weigh microbiotoxic effects against the intended benefits of antibiotic use.
Nucleus accumbens core single cell ensembles bidirectionally respond to experienced versus observed aversive events
Authors: Dinckol Oyku , Zachry Jennifer E. , Kutlu Munir Gunes 
Published: July 2023

SummaryEmpathy is the ability to adopt others’ sensory and emotional states and is an evolutionarily conserved trait among mammals. In rodents, empathy manifests itself as social modulation of aversive stimuli such as acknowledging and acting on conspecifics’ distress. The neuronal network underlying social transmission of information is known to overlap with the brain regions that mediate behavioral responses to aversive and rewarding stimuli. In this study, we recorded single cell activity patterns of nucleus accumbens (NAc) core neurons using in vivo optical imaging of calcium transients via miniature scopes. This cutting-edge imaging methodology not only allows us to record activity patterns of individual neurons but also lets us longitudinally follow these individual neurons across time and different behavioral states. Using this approach, we identified NAc core single cell ensembles that respond to experienced and/or observed aversive stimuli. Our results showed that experienced and observed aversive stimuli evoke NAc core ensemble activity that is largely positive, with a smaller subset of negative responses. The size of the NAc single cell ensemble response was greater for experienced aversive stimuli compared to observed aversive events. Our results also revealed a subpopulation within the NAc core single cell ensembles that show a bidirectional response to experienced aversive stimuli versus observed aversive stimuli (i.e., negative response to experienced and positive response to observed). These results suggest that the NAc plays a role in differentiating somatosensory experience from social observation of aversion at a single cell level. This has important implications for psychopathologies where social information processing is maladaptive, such as autism spectrum disorders.
Genetically perturbed myelin as a risk factor for neuroinflammation-driven axon degeneration
Authors: Groh Janos , Abdelwahab Tassnim , Kattimani Yogita , Hörner Michaela , Loserth Silke , Gudi Viktoria , Adalbert Robert , Imdahl Fabian , Saliba Antoine-Emmanuel , Coleman Michael , Stangel Martin , Simons Mikael , Martini Rudolf 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAxon degeneration and functional decline in myelin diseases are often attributed to loss of myelin but their relation is not fully understood. Perturbed myelinating glia can instigate chronic neuroinflammation and contribute to demyelination and axonal damage. Here we study mice with distinct defects in the proteolipid protein 1 gene that develop axonal damage which is driven by cytotoxic T cells targeting myelinating oligodendrocytes. We show that persistent ensheathment with perturbed myelin poses a risk for axon degeneration, neuron loss, and behavioral decline. We demonstrate that CD8+T cell-driven axonal damage is less likely to progress towards degeneration when axons are efficiently demyelinated by activated microglia. Mechanistically, we show that cytotoxic T cell effector molecules induce cytoskeletal alterations within myelinating glia and aberrant actomyosin constriction of axons at paranodal domains. Our study identifies detrimental axon-glia-immune interactions which promote neurodegeneration and possible therapeutic targets for disorders associated with myelin defects and neuroinflammation.
Cardiomyocyte mechanical memory is regulated through the talin interactome and DLC1 dependent regulation of RhoA
Authors: Marhuenda Emilie , Xanthis Ioannis , Pandey Pragati , Azad Amar , Richter Megan , Pavolvic Davor , Gehmlich Katja , Faggian Giuseppe , Ehler Elisabeth , Levitt James , Ameer-Beg Simon , Iskratsch Thomas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMechanical properties are cues for many biological processes in health or disease. Likewise, in the heart it is becoming clearer that mechanical signals are critically involved in the disease progression. Cardiomyocytes sense the mechanical properties of their environment at costameres through integrins and associated proteins, including the mechanosensitive protein talin as an integral component. Our previous work indicated different modes of talin tension, depending on the extracellular matrix stiffness. Here, we wanted to study how this leads to downstream mechanotransduction changes, further influencing the cardiomyocyte phenotype. Combining immunoprecipitations and Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching (FRAP) experiments, we identify that the talin interacting proteins DLC1, RIAM and paxillin each preferentially bind to talin at specific extracellular matrix stiffness and this interaction is preserved even in absence of tension. This demonstrates a mechanical memory, which we confirm furtherin vivoin mouse hearts. The mechanical memory is regulated through adhesion related kinase pathways. Optogenetic experiments using the LOVTRAP systems confirm direct competition between the individual proteins, which again is altered through phosphorylation. DLC1 regulates RhoA activity in a stiffness dependent way and both loss and overexpression of DLC1 results in myofibrillar disarray. Together the study demonstrates a mechanism of imprinting mechanical information into the talin-interactome to finetune RhoA activity, with impacts on cardiac health and disease.
A Phase Separation-Fortified Bi-Specific Adaptor for Conditional Tumor Killing
Authors: Liu Yuyan , Zhu Yuting , Xu Weifan , Li Pilong 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTA common approach in the development of therapeutic proteins is the use of synthetic ligands with multivalency, allowing for sophisticated control of signal transduction. Leveraging the emerging concept of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and its ability to organize cell surface receptors into functional compartments, we herein have designed modular ligands with phase-separation modalities to engineer programmable interreceptor communications and precise control of signal pathways, thus inducing the rapid, potent, and specific apoptosis of tumor cells. Despite their simplicity, these “triggers”, named phase-separated Tumor Killers (hereafter referred to as psTK), are sufficient to yield interreceptor clustering of death receptors (represented by DR5) and tumor-associated receptors, with the following features: LLPS-mediated robust high-order organization, well-choreographed conditional activation, and broad-spectrum capacity for potently inducing apoptosis of tumor cells. The development of novel therapeutic proteins with phase-separation modalities showcases the power of spatially reorganizing signal transduction. This approach enables the branching of cell fate and holds promising potential for targeted therapies against challenging tumors.One-Sentence SummaryEngineered modular ligands with phase-separation modalities can drive lethal dialog with tumor cells.
CARs are organized in nanodomains in the plasma membrane of T cells that accumulate at tumor contact sites
Authors: Verbruggen Christina , Gehrke Leon , Banholzer Nicole , Ghosh Arindam , Reinhard Sebastian , Weber Justus , Doose Sören , Einsele Hermann , Hudecek Michael , Nerreter Thomas , Sauer Markus 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are synthetic immune receptors that are expressed in T cells through genetic engineering. CAR-T cells have been successfully used to eradicate very advanced leukemias and lymphomas and their functional properties have been intensively studied. However, relatively little is known about the spatiotemporal expression and organization of CARs on the T-cell membrane and how this influences their efficacy. Here, we applied super-resolution microscopy to visualize CD19-, ROR1-, and ROR2-specific CARs in human CD4+and CD8+T cells that were engineered with lentiviral and transposon-mediated gene transfer. Our data show that the majority of CARs is organized in nanodomains virtually independent of the T cell type, CAR construct and expression level. Quantitative analyses revealed a slightly higher CAR density in transposon-engineered T cells correlating with higher antigen sensitivity and faster resolution of anti-tumor functions compared to lentivirally-engineered T cells. Live-cell fluorescence imaging revealed that both, CAR nanodomains and CAR monomers accumulate at tumor contact sites and form multifocal immunological synapses. Our study provides novel insights into the membrane organization of CARs with single-molecule resolution and illustrates the potential of advanced microscopy to inform the rational design of synthetic immune receptors for applications in immune cell therapy.
Southern multilateralism from IBSA to NDB: Synergies, continuities and regional options
Authors: Alden Chris , le Pere Garth 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe shifting nature of contemporary global politics highlights the growing contestation about power and how it is distributed, with multipolarity as its hallmark and distinguishing feature. Amid the shift to multipolarity, new forms of multilateralism are emerging from the South, which are grounded in ‘institutional arrangements led by countries of the Global South’ in terms of the origin of initiatives, the drivers of such arrangements and the resources to sustain them. In this context, Southern Multilateralism offers a differ approach to classical Realist thinking where power is ‘the final arbiter of things political’. Southern Multilateralism has also given rise to new international institutional arrangements, such as the BRICS‐led New Development Bank (NDB) and its predecessor, the India, Brazil and South Africa (IBSA) Trilateral Forum and the IBSA Fund Facility for Poverty and Hunger Alleviation.This article compares the IBSA and their Fund with the NDB and argues that there are continuities and linkages between the NDB and the IBSA Fund, which have yet to be examined by scholars; and to be more precise, the NDB has absorbed and reflects, key attributes of the IBSA and their Fund. Moreover, this study concludes by suggesting regional collaboration options for the NDB, led by South Africa, India and Brazil and their respective regions, whereby the NDB can expand its global role and relevance in future via its regional offices, particularly by supporting the regional trade integration plans in Africa, South Asia and South America.
Different effects of chronic omeprazole use on osteoporotic fractures rate in the elderly
Authors: Gingold‐Belfer Rachel , Beloosesky Yichayaou , Amara Amir , Sharon Eran , Boltin Doron , Koren‐Morag Nira , Meyerovitch Joseph , Schmilovitz‐Weiss Hemda 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsTo investigate the potential association of chronic use of omeprazole with the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures (OF) in community‐dwelling elderly subjects.MethodsThe cohort consisted of community‐dwelling residents aged >65 years registered with a large health maintenance organization in Israel between January 2002 and December 2016. Data were retrospectively collected from the electronic medical files on demographics, parameters known to be associated with OF, diagnoses of osteoporotic hip, wrist, and vertebral fractures, and chronic use of omeprazole (>11 prescriptions/year). Time to OF/death/end of study was calculated from the beginning of the study (2002). The risk of fractures in the chronic users of omeprazole was analyzed by multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model.ResultsIn total, 46 805 subjects were included (41% men), mean age 83.4±6.4 years, of whom 10 272 (21.9%) were chronic users of omeprazole. During 14 years of follow‐up, OF were diagnosed in 414 (4.0%) omeprazole users and 1007 (2.8%) omeprazole nonusers (p < 0.001). In a Cox regression model adjusted for age and gender only, chronic use of omeprazole was associated with a 16% excess of OF. However, when parameters known to be associated with OF were entered into the multivariate Cox regression model, chronic use of omeprazole was not found to be an independent risk factor for OF, either overall (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.965, 95% confidence interval 0.86–1.08, P = .55) or specifically, in the ≥85 years age group (adjusted hazard ration = 0.780, 95% confidence interval 0.635–0.958, P < .05) in which an inverse correlation between omeprazole use and OF, was demonstrated.ConclusionsChronic use of omeprazole was not associated with the occurrence of OF in elders.