bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptation strategies for climate change impacts on water quality: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Bartlett Jenelle A. , Dedekorkut-Howes Ayşın 
Published: December 2022

AbstractClimate change will impact water bodies and create significant challenges for natural resource managers. Despite the increasing impacts of climate change on water quality, the development and implementation of long-term strategic adaptation measures are seldom governmental priorities. So far, research has mainly tended to focus on the availability and volume of water rather than the quality. Comparatively fewer studies have considered adaptation strategies that deal with the uncertainties of the impacts of climate change on the quality of water bodies. This paper reports the results of a systematic review of literature on adaptation options and the barriers and drivers that can exert a positive or negative influence on their implementation. Findings suggest that there has been and continues to be a cautious approach to a growing concern for a natural resource of utmost necessity. Most of the strategies mentioned in the literature use coping or incremental approaches. However, adaptation strategies offering low levels of resilience for addressing water quality may not be up to the challenge of significant future climate changes.
Preliminary assessment of near-shorewave energy potential in the Mozambique Channel
Authors: Sitoe Alberto Filimão , Hoguane A. M. , Haddout Soufiane 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study of ocean wave energy in the Mozambique Channel, an open channel located in the Western Indian Ocean and oriented north-southwards. Weekly data of significant wave height and wave period, obtained from marine-analyst, on the web, were analysed in 10 selected coastal sites, 5 on each side of the channel. The channel receives swell waves from the extratropical South Indian Ocean in the south and monsoon-generated swell from the north, modified by trade winds and cyclones. The results indicate that the waves are highly variable (≥80%), with high (1.5–2 m on average), longer (8–20 s, on average), and more energetic (10–23 kW m−1, on average) waves found in the southern part of the channel, followed by the northern part of the channel (1.2–1.4 m, 6–8 s, 6–7 kW m−1, on average), with the middle part displaying a lower energy (6 kW m−1, on average) wave climate. Peaks of high waves (up to 5 m) and high-energy waves (up to 90 kW m−1), attributed to storm conditions, were observed throughout the study period. Despite high variability in wave characteristics, the probability of waves exceeding the threshold values for viable exploitation for electricity production was about 61 and 63% for the western and eastern sides of the channel, respectively.
Securitising and de-securitising water scarcity in Pakistan: a case study of the Diamer Basha Dam
Authors: Mirza Muhammad Nadeem , Mahmood Nazish 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study, while detailing the processes of securitisation and de-securitisation of a non-traditional security issue, deliberates on the water scarcity in Pakistan. It addresses the question that whether the problem of not giving importance to water scarcity lies with the ‘intent’ or ‘capacity’ of the actors – the elite. Or the securitisation is done by the actors ‘only’ to achieve their political objectives? This qualitative embedded case study deals with the rhetoric about the construction of the Diamer Basha Dam in order to address the water scarcity around the 2018 elections. The study finds that the securitisation of non-tradition security issues translates the elite's (securitising actors) political rhetoric (speech acts) into policy. The same elite de-securitises the issues after realising their political goals by removing the ‘speech acts’ from the equation.
The potential use of natural coagulants for microalgae harvesting: a review
Authors: Abu Amr Salem S. , Abujazar Mohammed Shadi S. , Alazaiza Motasem Y. D. , Albahnasawi Ahmed , Bashir Mohammed J. K. , Nassani Dia Eddin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Microalgae cultivation has received much interest in foods and biofuel production and provides a significant potential option for cleaning the soil, water, and environment from several contaminants. Accordingly, microalgae harvesting becomes essential to separate the solid–liquid microalgae suspension for other green technologies and sustainable processes. Although several physical, chemical, and physiochemical methods have been widely used for microalgae harvesting, their cost, non-environmental residues, and harvesting efficiencies are still questionable. This review summarized and evaluated the performance of different natural coagulants used for harvesting cultivated microalgae. The operational factors and their effect on harvesting efficiency were discussed. Moreover, the current challenges in utilizing several natural coagulants in microalgae harvesting were considered.
Perinatal Outcome in Pregnant Women with Heart Disease
Authors: Kedia Noopur R. , Kejariwal Mohit , Jhancy Malay 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
With improved technology and better access to health care, the number of pregnant women with heart diseases is increasing. Due to various physiological changes in pregnancy, women with heart diseases are at increased risk of both maternal and fetal complications. Thus, pregnancy with heart disease is considered a high-risk pregnancy. In the near future, the burden on the healthcare system will increase and we will be required to answer various questions about the different outcomes possible and their management. If women are made aware of the various risks associated with their pregnancies, they can make informed life choices. This can only be achieved if more objective data is offered to her.[1] In this article, we review the available data on the observed perinatal outcomes in mothers with heart disease, their management, and what lacunas need to be filled, so as to be able to provide better care. Relevant articles were referred and data was summed. We concluded that in the majority of studies, the odds for adverse neonatal outcomes like preterm birth, low birth weight, stillbirth, low Apgar score and admissions to neonatal intensive care unit were higher among pregnant women with heart disease as compared to women with no heart disease.
Progress in Polymeric Micelles as Viable Wagons for Brain Targeting
Authors: Parashar Poonam , Kanoujia Jovita , Kishore Ankita 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:Polymeric micelles have opened up new horizons for improving drug delivery to brain particularly due to their small size, long circulation time, good stability and targetability. They are used to treat a variety of brain conditions, including glioblastoma, migraine, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and other conditions linked to the brain. Micelles are currently underutilised in brain targeting despite having several benefits and spanning a wide variety of brain illnesses. Since most medications are unable to cross the blood brain barrier, scientists are continuously working to discover efficient solutions to the problems. The most pressing issue was thought to be the viability and difficulties of translating micelles into the therapeutic setting. This review describes the role of micellar delivery system in brain diseases treatment along with their route of administration and outcomes. The review also discusses the current state of patents and clinical trials in the relevant fields and their potential future applications.
Ball Milling in Organic Transformations
Authors: Roy Keya , Sahoo Suprakash , Saha Anay , Adak Laksmikanta 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
In organic synthesis, mechanochemical approaches have received increased attention
because of their broad applications in green methodologies. By utilization of mechanical
forces on the various reactants, there is a certain increase of their surface area and also areas
of contact, which usually make reaction pathways more available through a greater number of
effective collisions. Mechanical energy can be produced and transferred through ball mills,
one of the highest necessary devices for green organic solid-state reactions. In the last few
decades, various challenging organic transformations have been published using ball milling
in different fields of organic synthesis. Ball milling has received tremendous attention in numerous
organic synthesis since it allows for reactions to occur at ambient temperature in the
absence of any solvent under mild conditions which are compatible for a green process. The
carbon-carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond formation reactions and also synthesis of heterocyclic compounds are
of ample importance in both academia and pharmaceutical industry. This review will highlight the recent
developments of amidation reactions, asymmetric synthesis, various heterocyclic compounds synthesis, crosscoupling
reactions, C–H bond activation for C–C and carbon–heteroatom bond formation reactions under the ballmilling
conditions.
The Residual Risks Associated with Atherothrombosis of Recurrent
Ischemic Stroke (IS) After Non-cardiogenic IS
Authors: Tian Fafa , Chen Hengshu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Recurrent ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide.
Patients with recurrent IS, in comparison with survivors of the initial non-cardiogenic IS, have
more serious neurological deficit and longer hospital stay with heavier family and socio-economic
burden. Therefore, recurrent IS is a major challenge that we urgently need to address. The recurrence
rate of non-cardiogenic IS is not zero and even shows an increasing trend over a long period
of time, despite receiving evidence-based management in accordance with guideline, indicating that
patients suffering from non-cardiogenic IS and who are receiving optimal management remain at
considerable residual risks (RRs) responsible for the recurrence of cerebrovascular events. In addition
to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and platelets, some new non-traditional parameters
such as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)],
peripheral circulating platelet-derived microvesicles, white blood cells-platelet complexes, NODlike
receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, monomeric C-reactive protein, neutrophils and their
products (neutrophil extracellular traps, NETs), may also be potential sources of RRs for recurrent
IS. On the basis of the three pillars of secondary stroke prevention, namely, blood pressure reduction,
lipid-lowering and antiplatelet therapy, the reduction in RRs may provide additional protection
against recurrent IS. With this background, the identification and quantification of RRs associated
with disease heterogeneity and individualized treatment strategies based on risk stratification are
favorable in the mitigation of the huge stroke burden people unceasingly face.
GIRK2 Channels in Down Syndrome and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Kleschevnikov Alexander 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Cognitive impairment in Down syndrome (DS) results from the abnormal expression of hundreds of genes. However, the impact of KCNJ6, a gene located in the middle of the ‘Down syndrome critical region’ of chromosome 21, seems to stand out. KCNJ6 encodes GIRK2 (KIR3.2) subunits of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channels, which serve as effectors for GABAB, m2, 5HT1A, A1, and many other postsynaptic metabotropic receptors. GIRK2 subunits are heavily expressed in neocortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus. By controlling resting membrane potential and neuronal excitability, GIRK2 channels may thus affect both synaptic plasticity and stability of neural circuits in the brain regions important for learning and memory. Here, we discuss recent experimental data regarding the role of KCNJ6/GIRK2 in neuronal abnormalities and cognitive impairment in models of DS and Aalzheimer’s disease (AD). The results compellingly show that signaling through GIRK2 channels is abnormally enhanced in mouse genetic models of Down syndrome and that partial suppression of GIRK2 channels with pharmacological or genetic means can restore synaptic plasticity and improve impaired cognitive functions. On the other hand, signaling through GIRK2 channels is downregulated in AD models, such as models of early amyloidopathy. In these models, reduced GIRK2 channel signaling promotes neuronal hyperactivity, causing excitatory-inhibitory imbalance and neuronal death. Accordingly, activation of GABAB/GIRK2 signaling by GIRK channel activators or GABAB receptor agonists may reduce Aβ-induced hyperactivity and subsequent neuronal death, thereby exerting a neuroprotective effect in models of AD.
The Interrelation between Oxidative Stress, Depression and Inflammation
through the Kynurenine Pathway
Authors: Sipahi Hande , Mat Ayse Feruze , Ozhan Yagmur , Aydin Ahmet 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
The prevalence of depression has increased dramatically over the past few decades. Alt-hough depression is categorized as a brain disorder, its symptomatology includes some behaviors that also occur during chronic inflammatory stress. According to research, cytokine production and immune system activation may have a role in depression, so this relationship has received much at-tention. Moreover, there is a bidirectional relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation. Oxidative stress plays a pathogenic role in chronic inflammatory diseases; depressive disorder is be-ing suggested as one of them. Recent research using several oxidative stress indicators demonstrates that antioxidant defenses are diminished and oxidative stress is elevated in depression. Another cy-tokine-related mechanism widely known for its association with inflammatory illnesses is the kynurenine pathway (KP). KP is responsible for maintaining the balance between neuroprotective and neurogenerative processes in the brain. Therefore, KP plays a role in the pathophysiology of depression. It is thought to impact neurological processes that stem the depression, making it one of the mainstays in explaining oxidative stress-depression-inflammation interrelation. The mechanism is thought to be driven by increasing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, IDO, and thus the KYN/TRP ratio. This review aims to evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress, depres-sion, and inflammation through the kynurenine pathway through the current studies in the literature.
Review of the Application of Raman Spectroscopy in Qualitative and
Quantitative Analysis of Drug Polymorphism
Authors: Sun Zhongyu , Lin Boran , Yang Xiangchun , Zhao Bing , Zhang Hui , Dong Qin , Zhong Liang , Zhang Shuaihua , Zhang Mengqi , Xu Xiuhua , Dong Hailing , Li Haoyuan , Li Lian , Nie Lei , Zang Hengchang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Drug polymorphism is an important factor affecting the drugs quality and clinical effica-cy. Therefore, great attention should be paid to the crystal analysis of drugs with their researching and evaluating part. With the booming development of Raman spectroscopy in recent years, more and more crystal analysis investigations were based on vibrational spectroscopy. This review main-ly discussed the qualitative and quantitative analysis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and pharmaceutical preparation with Raman spectroscopy. On basis of the determination of the vibra-tion mode of drug molecules and the analysis of their chemical structure, this method had the ad-vantages of universal, non-destructive, fast determination, low samples and cost, etc. This review provides theoretical and technical support for crystal structure, which are worth popularizing. It is expected that it will be helpful to relevant government management institutions, pharmaceutical sci-entific research institutions and pharmaceutical manufacturers.
Neuroprotective Potential and Underlying Pharmacological Mechanism of Carvacrol for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases
Authors: Javed Hayate , Mohamed Fizur Nagoor Meeran , Jha Niraj Kumar , Ashraf Ghulam Md. , Ojha Shreesh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:The phytochemicals have antioxidant properties to counter the deleterious effects of oxidative stress in the central nervous system and can be a promising drug candidate for neurodegenerative diseases. Among various phytochemicals, recently, constituents of spice origin have received special attention for neurodegenerative diseases owing to their health benefits, therapeutic potential, edible nature, and dietary accessibility and availability. Carvacrol, a phenolic monoterpenoid, has garnered attention in the treatment and management of various human diseases. It possesses diverse pharmacological effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are major public health concerns that place a significant financial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. The global burden of these diseases is expected to increase in the next few decades owing to increasing life expectancies. Currently, there is no cure for neurodegenerative diseases such as, AD and PD, and the available drugs only give symptomatic relief. For a long time, oxidative stress has been recognized as a primary contributor to neurodegeneration. Carvacrol enhances memory and cognition via modulating the effects of oxidative stress, inflammation, and Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity in AD. Moreover, it also reduces the production of reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokine levels in PD, which further prevent the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and improves motor functions. This review highlights the potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of carvacrol in the management and treatment of AD and PD.
Better Predictive Value of Lymphocyte Count and Hemoglobin for CD4
Level of HIV Patients
Authors: Gao Zheng-Rong , Yuan Zheng , Zhao Chang-song , Zhao Ru-gang , Zhang Qiang 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
HIV patients are prone to infection and difficult to treat, which mainly manifests
itself in decreased CD4+ T cells in the body. Therefore, the predictive value of lymphocyte
count and hemoglobin for CD4+ levels in HIV patients was discussed in the prospective study.

Methods:
125 HIV patients (aged >18 or < 80 years) were recruited. Pearson chi-square test was
used to explore the correlation between CD4+ content and blood-related parameters in HIV patients.
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to calculate ORs for each variable.
In addition, receiver ROC curves were constructed to assess each factor's accuracy and sensitivity
in diagnosing CD4+.

Results:
Lymphocyte count and hemoglobin were significantly correlated with CD4+. In terms of
multivariate logistic regression level, there was a significant correlation between lymphocyte count
(OR = 3.170, 95% CI: 1.442-6.969, P = 0.004), hemoglobin (OR = 2.545, 95% CI: 1.148- 5.646,
P = 0.022) and CD4+ content in HIV patients. Based on the neural network model, the level of lymphocyte
and hemoglobin might be the predictive indexes of CD4+ level. We find the high-risk warning
indicator of CD4+ level: 3 < lymphocyte (109/L) < 3.6, and 150 < hemoglobin (g/L) < 200.

Conclusion:
Better predictive value of lymphocyte count and hemoglobin for CD4+ level of HIV
patients.
A Mechanistic Review on Phytomedicine and Natural Products in the Treatment of Diabetes
Authors: Nanda Jyoti , Verma Neeraj , Mani Munesh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome of excess glucose levels in the blood. It may be due to glucose intolerance by the tissues and inadequate insulin production from pancreatic β- cells. However, diabetic complication includes cardiovascular and kidney diseases, eye, skin, and foot complications, and neuropathy. The intention behind writing this article was to gather recent information regarding the use of ancient traditional medicinal plants having recent importance in treating diabetes. Several therapies are available for curing the condition based on severity and type of diabetes. Although pharmacological treatments are effective and economical, drugs are associated with unwanted side effects and physiological complications on long-term use. Interestingly, herbs and herbal plants have been used since ancient times against diabetes worldwide. Its importance still exists due to medicinal plants' effectiveness and safety profile in treating various diseases. In this article, we searched online databases, including PUBMED, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, and traditional resources, for collecting information regarding the use of plants against diabetes. We described the pathophysiology of the disease and incorporated plant sources and their chemical constituents responsible for antidiabetic activity with their mechanism in reducing blood glucose levels. The present article may be very helpful for researchers and professionals whose work is inclined towards diabetes and in search of lead compounds for the development of a suitable drug.
Cardiorenal Protections of SGLT2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Type 2
Diabetes
Authors: Nazari Somayeh , Mirkhani Hossein 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Cardiovascular disease and renal complications raise the risk of death and morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a novel class of glucose-lowering drug that increases urine glucose excretion while decreasing blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes patients by inhibiting glucose reabsorption. In the present article, we review the discovery and development of SGLT2i as a new T2D treatment approach for T2D; thereafter, we consider different cell-based methods for the evaluation of SGLT2i. Finally, we pro-vide evidences from both clinical and experimental studies which bring up the cardio-renal protec-tive effects of SGLT2i. We performed a literature search using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science to identify publications on preclinical and clinical studies of cardiorenal protective ac-tion of SGLT2i and their suggested mechanisms. SGLT2i have shown good effects in the im-provement of cardiovascular and renal complications independent of glucose lowering effects. Be-sides controlling blood glucose levels, SGLT2i were found to exhibit therapeutic benefits on the kidney and cardiovascular system by lowering diabetic glomerular hyperfiltration, blood pressure (BP), body weight, uric acid concentrations, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, etc. As a result of their distinct mode of action, SGLT2i have emerged as a promising treatment option for T2D and maybe T1D due to their increased urine excretion of glucose. It has been demonstrated that SGLT2i have considerable protective effects on diabetic nephropathy (DN) and cardiomyopathy in well-designed experimental and clinical investigations.