bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of the effect of face-to-face counseling and telephone counseling on attitudes toward infertility in infertile couples
Authors: Rezamahaleh Fateme Ahmadi , Khadivzadeh Talat 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Couples’ attitudes toward infertility are related to different dimensions of infertility. Counseling can change attitudes toward infertility in infertile couples. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine and compare the effect of face-to-face counseling and telephone counseling on infertility attitudes in infertile couples.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This two-group intervention study was performed on 34 infertile couples who were randomly assigned to face-to-face and telephone counseling groups. The couple attended counseling sessions as scheduled by the researcher. An Infertility Attitude Questionnaire was completed by all participants at the beginning and end of the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.

RESULTS:
The results of independent t test showed that after the intervention, the mean score of attitude toward infertility in the face-to-face counseling group was significantly higher than the telephone counseling group. Based on paired t test, the mean score of infertility attitude in the face-to-face counseling group was significantly increased two weeks after the intervention compared to before. The mean score of infertility attitude in the telephone counseling group was significantly increased two weeks after the intervention compared to before. According to the results of independent t test, the attitude score toward infertility was not statistically significant between the two groups.

CONCLUSION:
The results of the present study showed that with counseling, the mean score of infertility attitude in infertile couples in both groups had increased. In other words, counseling can change attitudes toward infertility in infertile people.
Exploration of the primary needs of health care services for earthquake victims in the west of Iran
Authors: Solhi Mahnaz , Zahed Shakiba , Ostadtaghizade Abbas , Gilan Hadi Darvishi 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Natural disasters always have significant effects on social infrastructures, living conditions, and health care systems. This study aims to explain the needs of victims in the west of Iran for primary health care services.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This thematic content analysis and qualitative study was done from September 2020 to June 2021 in the west of Iran. Participants were selected using purposive sampling method. The data were extracted through semi-structured interviews with 17 earthquake victims and then examined through thematic content analysis.

RESULTS:
By analyzing and coding the data, the primary needs of victims post an earthquake in the west of Iran were classified into four main categories) health services, mental health, social health, and health management (and 14 subcategories.

CONCLUSION:
Regarding the primary needs (health services, mental health, social health, and health management), establishing a headquarters to meet the immediate and special health care needs seems to be required. It was recommended to create institutions for monitoring and supporting the health care needs at the level of the community and even policymaking, as well as guiding earthquake-stricken areas such as the eco-village.
Outcome of structured health education intervention for obesity-risk reduction among junior high school students
Authors: Rizvi Jaun Z. , Kumar Pawan , Kulkarni Muralidhar M. , Kamath Asha 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Obesity has been identified as a serious global health concern whose prevalence doubles almost every 10 years. Health education regarding physical activity and healthy diet imparted to adolescents could prove to be fruitful in reducing obesity-risk. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of health education intervention on knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) regarding obesity-risk reduction and to estimate the postinterventional change in body mass index (BMI) and total body fat (%) among adolescent school children in South India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Stratified cluster randomized controlled trial was carried out among 398 students recruited at baseline including 206 and 192 participants in intervention and control group respectively selected through simple random sampling from eligible government aided and private schools to assess KAP regarding physical activity and diet using pretested and validated questionnaire by making three school visits 6 months apart. Anthropometric measurements were recorded in first and third visit only, while health education intervention was given in first visit to intervention and third visit to control group after taking their responses on the questionnaire. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 15.

RESULTS:
Overall dropout rate was 13.5% with dropout in intervention and control group being 12.6% and 14.5% respectively, making 180 participants in intervention and 164 in control group available for analysis. Mean physical activity KAP score improved significantly from 16.19 ± 4.61 to 19.46 ± 10.07 in intervention group. Mean dietary KAP score also improved significantly from 21.38 ± 4.07 to 23.43 ± 4.53 in intervention group (p < 0.001). Mean BMI decreased significantly within intervention group (p < 0.001) as compared to control group (p = 0.908). Based on cut-off level for total body fat (%) to categorize obesity-risk among participants, statistically significant decline in proportions from 26.1% to 13.3% was observed in intervention group (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:
Results depicted better KAP in intervention group than control group in all the three visits while it improved significantly within both groups. Hence, the health education was found to be effective in improving the overall KAP regarding modifiable risk factors of obesity among the study participants. Further studies to screen the adolescents for obesity-risk and successive health education sessions must be carried within schools in order to bring about change in knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding obesity-risk.
Comparative evaluation of postoperative pain and tissue response in patients undergoing conventional flap surgeries with or without 940 nm diode laser exposure - A randomized clinical study
Authors: Roy Sonali , Singh Dhirendra K. , Manohar Balaji 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Over the past few years, a growing body of evidence has allowed us to ascertain that the initiation of periodontitis stems from the existence of oral microbial biofilm and that this requires definitive treatment. Owing to its exceptional usability, affordability, and antibacterial activity, the “diode laser” (DL) has increasingly become a popular and important tool in a dentist's armamentarium. However, there is a scarcity of scientific evidence on the utility and advantages of using “diode laser” in periodontal flap surgery. The study aimed to determine the efficacy of 940 nm diode laser exposure in combination with conventional periodontal flap surgery for the treatment of chronic periodontitis to evaluate postoperative discomfort and clinical parameters.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A total of 10 subjects (7 males and 3 females) with generalized chronic periodontitis were recruited and completed the study without any dropouts. For this split-mouth study, 40 sample sites with pocket probing depth (PPD) 5–7 mm post periodontal Phase I therapy were selected. The quadrants were randomly allocated to Groups A, B, C, and D using the fish bowl lottery method. Kirkland flap surgery with laser and modified Widman flap (MWF) with laser were performed in Group A and C, respectively, while Kirkland flap surgery and MWF surgery were performed in Group B and Group D. Clinical parameters including visual analog scale (VAS) score and gingival inflammation were determined at 3rd and 7th day postoperatively while PPD, clinical attachment level (CAL), and sulcus bleeding index (SBI) were recorded at baseline and 6 months following treatment. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Kruskal–Wallis test were used for intra-group and inter-group comparison of parameters, respectively.

RESULTS:
Statistically significant difference was attained with postoperative discomfort in laser-assisted groups on 1st and 3rd day postoperatively (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the proportion of subjects with gingival inflammation. A statistically significant reduction in mean PPD at 6 months postoperatively was seen among all study groups (P < 0.05) but the inter-group difference was not statistically significant. SBI score reduced significantly from baseline to 6 months follow-up among all four groups (P < 0.05). However, we did not find the inter-group difference to be statistically non-significant.

CONCLUSION:
Diode laser as an adjunct to the surgical procedure can demonstrate appreciable benefits by increasing the CAL and minimizing the postoperative pain and the probing pocket, but such additional effects were not observed with gingival inflammation.
The effect of COVID-19 restrictions on sleep quality of university students and variables predicting sleep quality
Authors: Bulut Arzu , Sengul Halil , Uslu Yeter Demir , Bas Kazım , Tosun Nurperihan 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND/AIM:
The COVID-19 pandemic has created a long period of stress for people worldwide and has significantly affected sleep duration. The pandemic revealed new stress factors that are likely to affect sleep. Uncertainty is a factor that leads to anxiety and depression, which affects sleep. It should also be noted that reductions in sleep quality rather than sleep duration are associated with negative consequences on mental health. This study aims to investigate online that how this situation affected university students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This research, with a descriptive study design, was conducted in Turkey between June 01, 2021 and July 30, 2021. The sample included 604 people who accepted voluntary participation, chosen by the random selection method. In the study, sociodemographic information form, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), morningness–eveningness questionnaire scale (MEQ Scale), Beck depression inventory (BDI), and Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) were used as data collection tools. Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to examine the relationship between the scales. Multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the role of morningness–eveningness, anxiety, depression, and insomnia severity on sleep quality.

RESULTS:
Sleep quality was negatively correlated with morningness–eveningness scores (r = –0.32, P < 0.01), and positively and significantly related with anxiety (r = 0.43, P < 0.01), depression (r = 0.40, P < 0.01) and insomnia severity (r = 0.55, P < 0.01). According to regression coefficients, while anxiety (β = 0.041, P < 0.001) and insomnia severity scores (β = 0.226, P < 0.001) positively predicted sleep quality, depression did not predict it significantly (β = 0.009, P > 0.05). A significant difference was found in sleep quality according to morning, evening, and intermediate types (F = 27.401, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:
Events related to the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with reduced sleep quality in connection with increasing negative moods. Considering the importance of sleep for a healthy life, efforts should be made to raise awareness about this issue and to provide psychological help to affected individuals.
Assessment of the efficacy of a video-based hybrid teaching module of oxygen therapy and critical care area troubleshooting in nursing professionals managing COVID-19 patients
Authors: Dhar Mridul , Sharma Sameer , Hemanthkumar K , Rao Shalinee 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Video-based teaching has become rapidly popular during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The current study aimed to assess the efficacy of a hybrid video-based teaching module of oxygen therapy and critical care troubleshooting in nursing professionals managing COVID-19 patients in our institute.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A retrospective analytical study (pretest and posttest design) was conducted in our medical education department in March 2022 using the data from a workshop conducted on oxygen therapy and critical care area troubleshooting during COVID-19 patient management for 296 nursing professionals. A hybrid video-based teaching module was used. Pretest and posttest data were compared along with subgroup analysis. P value <0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS:
Posttest scores were significantly higher than the baseline scores in the overall group as well as in all subgroups (P < 0.001). Subgroup comparisons revealed no significant difference in mean baseline pretest and posttest scores in male versus female participants. Baseline pretest scores (P = 0.02) and posttest scores (P = 0.08) were lower in the nurses of the noncritical areas compared to critical area nurses. Mean improvement in posttest score compared to baseline score was similar between all groups.

CONCLUSION:
Hybrid technique involving both video aspects and in-person teacher presence for demonstration or troubleshooting improves perceived knowledge in nursing professionals with some prior formal training and may be superior to the conventional only didactic/lecture-based demonstrations, especially in the context of imparting rapid training during pandemics or similar urgent situations.
A cross-sectional evaluation of communication skills and perceived barriers among the resident doctors at a tertiary care center in India
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Ranjan Piyush , Kumari Archana , Sarkar Siddharth , Kaur Tanveer , Aggarwal Ramesh , Upadhyay Ashish Datt , Chakrawarty Biswaroop , Nayer Jamshed , Joshi Mohit , Chakrawarty Avinash 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
The study was conducted to assess the different components of communication skills and barriers to practicing good communication skills among resident doctors in a health care setting.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A web-based cross-sectional survey was performed, and data were collected using a pre-validated questionnaire with a Cronbach's alpha (0.88). A total of 431 responses were statistically analyzed. Chi-square test was used to associate the socio-demographics and communication skills. Regression analysis was conducted to analyze the association between various communication domains and barriers, which were adjusted for potential confounders such as age and gender.

RESULTS:
Resident doctors have differential levels of competencies in each domain of communication skills. Around two-thirds of the residents did not practice good communication skills while breaking the bad news and reported poor para-verbal skills. Some of the most common barriers to practicing good communication skills were found to be an infrastructural deficit, lack of time, and long working hours. These barriers significantly affected the communication skills such as para-verbal skills {[-0.32; P < 0.01; C.I (-0.54 to -0.09), [-0.27, P < 0.05, C.I (-0.54 to. 004)], [-0.32, P < 0.01, (0.07–0.56)]}, the ability to break bad news {[-0.42, P < 0.01, (-0.73 to -0.11)], [-0.35, P < 0.05, (-0.75 to -0.35)], [0.48, P < 0.01, (0.12–0.84)]}, and communication with patients/attendants {[0.39, P < 0.01, C.I (-0.71 to -0.06)], [-0.88, P < 0.001, C.I (-1.2 to -0.48)], [-0.88, P < 0.001, C.I (-1.2 to -0.48)]} after adjustment for confounding such as age and gender.

CONCLUSION:
There is a scope for improvement in practicing good communication skills with patients, among the residents doctors in India. Structured modules for training and evaluation should be implemented in the medical curriculum.
A Phenomenological Study on Academic Cheating behaviors Exhibited by Visually Impaired College Students
Authors: Ashraf Samina , Iqbal Kashif 
Published: January 2023

Students with visual impairment are academically disadvantaged due to visual impairment that lets them indulge in academically dishonest behavior cheating. Academic cheating at the college level demolishes the personality and moral values of any individual. This study intended to explore academic cheating behavior in visually impaired students at the college level. This study was qualitative in approach and exploratory in nature. The sample of the study included 20 teachers working in colleges in the Lahore district that were selected from the larger group of the population for this study. A self-developed semi-structured interview was used as a tool for data collection. The validity of the instrument was assured by the experts' opinions related to the field of special education. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed through an extensive literature review and pilot testing. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Three major themes were drawn from the thematic analysis i.e, teachers’ perception of academic cheating, the nature of academic cheating, and remedies to eliminate academic cheating. The findings of the study revealed that the maximum number of respondents were females who reported that visually impaired students do cheating if they get the opportunity. Additionally, the majority of the respondents stated that visually impaired students are involved in various academic cheating styles due to prevalent corruption in society. The study recommended special moral training lectures by the veteran of motivation and counseling to visually impaired students at the college level periodically. Moreover, teachers at the college level should promote academic integrity in their respective classes.
تأثير إضافة المخصبات الحيوية والكيميائية على نباتات الذرة الرفيعة Sorghum bicolor L. النامية بالأراضي المالحة في منطقة مصعبين م/ عدن
Authors: محمد عصمت عمر , عبداللطيف نادر مصطفى 
Published: January 2023

أجريت هذه الدراسة على نباتات الذرة الرفيعةSorghum bicolor L. صنف الحيق بهدف دراسة تأثير المخصبات الحيوية والكيميائية على صفات النمو المورفولوجية ومحتوى المجموع الخضري من العناصر المعدنية للنباتات النامية في منطقة مصعبين م/ عدن في تربة سلتية طينية يرتفع بها نسبة التوصيل الكهربي بمعدل 1.4 مليموز/سم حيث تم تنفيذ هذه الدراسة باستخدام تصميم القطاعات الكاملة العشوائية بأربعة مكررات، واشتملت التجربة على ستة معاملات هي ثلاثة أنواع من المخصبات الحيوية (الفسفورين والنتروبين والميكروبين) المحتوية على أنواع من البكتيريا النشطة في تثبيت الأزوت الجوي والميسرة لامتصاص الفسفورين من التربة، ونوعين من المخصبات الكيميائية هي اليوريا المحتوية على 46 % N والسوبرفوسفات المحتوية على 46 % P2O5 بالإضافة إلى معاملة الكنترول بدون إضافة.
ويمكن تلخيص أهم النتائج المتحصل عليها فيما يأتي:
– استجابة نباتات الذرة الرفيعة للمعدلات المضافة من المخصبات الحيوية والكيميائية، وأظهرت المعاملات المختلفة فروقًا معنوية مقارنة بالكنترول (بدون إضافة) في مؤشرات النمو (ارتفاع النبات، قطر الساق، عدد الأوراق والمساحة الورقية) وتفوقت معاملتنا التخصيب الحيوي النتروبين بمعدل 55 جم /كجم بذور ومعاملة التخصيب الكيميائي بالمعدل 60 كجم N + 25 كجم P2O5/ هكتار على المعاملات المدروسة الأخرى وأعطت أعلى قيم لصفات النمو خلال موسمي الدراسة 2018/2019 و2019/ 2020م.
– أدت إضافة المخصبات الحيوية والكيميائية إلى تأثير معنوي بين معاملات الدراسة في صفات المحتوى المعدني من العناصر والمركبات في أوراق وسيقان النباتات المدروسة لصفات (النسبة المئوية من البروتين ومحتوى الأوراق من كلوروفيل A , B والكلوروفيل الكلي )، ونسبة العناصر المعدنية لكلَ من النتروجين والفسفور والبوتاسيوم في الأوراق . حيث أعطت معاملة التخصيب الحيوي النتروبين والفسفورين ومعاملة التخصيب الكيميائي 60 كجم N + 25 P2O5 أعلى القيم للصفات المحتوى المعدني لأوراق وسيقان النباتات المدروسة بينما تفوقت كل المعاملات المدروسة مقارنة بالكنترول (بدون إضافة) خلال موسمي الدراسة.
An Exploration of the Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions in the Nigerian Banking Sector: A Study of Access Bank and Diamond Bank
Authors: Aitaa Sam Kilimvi , Mabel Oluwabusayo Ologesin 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of mergers and acquisitions on the financial performance of companies.
Methodology: Two Nigerian deposit money banks, Access Bank and Diamond Bank were considered as case study to evaluate if they could perform better as a result of corporate restructuring when using merger and acquisition as a technique. The banks were considered because they had more than one M & A transactions between 2005 and 2019. The study carefully considered financial parameters such as return on assets, return on equity to draw conclusion. Quantitative research methodology was used as predestined by the purpose of this research. Secondary data in the form of published accounts were reviewed for the analysis. Descriptive statistics was employed for the data analysis, and the independent sample test was performed to assess the study's hypothesis. Additionally, the association between the transactions and the performance of the business was examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient.
Findings: The study found that merger and acquisition may increase a company's profitability but does not necessarily translate into increase in shareholder value. Businesses must manage the acquired assets and debts efficiently to increase shareholding value. With regard to the effect of mergers and acquisitions on the financial performance of deposit money banks, this study supplements the empirical data already available on specific financial indicators that improve post mergers and acquisitions performance.
Recommendation: It is recommended that the acquired asset profile needs to be effectively utilized so that the return on assets and returns on equity is improved after the merger.
VIOLÊNCIA NAS SÉRIES INICIAIS DA ESCOLA PÚBLICA MUNICIPAL
Authors: Rogerio de Medeiros Cícera Rita 
Published: January 2023

A diversidade social e cultural está aí para provar que nós não somos todos iguais. Isso porque cada pessoa tem uma história de vida e características próprias que a tornam diferentes umas das outras, sendo assim, é importante discutir e provocar uma reflexão acerca das diversas violências nas séries iniciais e como o educador pode atuar na construção de uma cultura de paz, a partir de uma formação que inclua temas atuais como violência escolar. No primeiro momento, sob a luz do referencial teórico, serão aprofundados os conhecimentos sobre as faces da violência, dentro de uma visão geral e as causas destas, bem como foi abordado violência no âmbito escolar, as suas manifestações e possíveis formas de enfrentá-la. Tendo como ponto de partida a conscientização da família e a presença de profissionais como orientador educacional e psicólogo preparados para lidar com toda essa demanda diversa com alunos que demonstram não conhecer os valores morais, seja por uma questão de formação cultural ou por algum distúrbio familiar ou de conviver em sociedade e, até mesmo pelas condições socioeconômicas em que vivem, não permitindo que eles aceitem e respeitem os deveres que esta impõe. Mostramos ainda a educação de Maracanaú- CE, onde se obteve êxito e onde precisa melhorar, pois cada escola possui uma realidade diferente. Vimos que o amor dos pais é indispensável para o equilíbrio familiar, como também o lúdico no ambiente escolar.