bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vessel development in compound buds of interspecific hybrid grape induced by artificial deacclimation treatments
Authors: Kasuga Jun , Kawase Ayumi , Kamigaki Rika , Mihara Yuka , Kondoh Daisuke 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGrape compound buds adapt to subfreezing temperatures in winter by supercooling, but the supercooling ability is thought to be lost upon formation of xylem connections between canes and buds. It was reported that compound buds of the Vitis vinifera variety ‘Chardonnay’ lack xylem cells in mid‐winter, and that vessels differentiate during deacclimation. However, the pattern of vessel formation in compound buds may differ in cold‐hardy Vitis species and interspecific hybrid varieties grown in colder regions. We investigated vessel formation in compound buds of the interspecific hybrid variety ‘Yamasachi’, which were harvested in mid‐winter, during artificial deacclimation treatments. Before these treatments, ‘Yamasachi’ buds had a high supercooling ability (approx. −30°C) and contained cells with characteristics of vessel elements, that is, secondary wall thickening and lignification, at the basal parts. However, the cells still contained organelles and did not have a hydraulic conductivity function. Xylem continuity between the canes and buds was established from day 7 of deacclimation at 20°C. The different pattern of seasonal vessel formation in compound buds of ‘Yamasachi’ from that of V. vinifera may reflect the rapid development traits of Vitis species growing in cold regions with short growing seasons.
Longitudinal physical activity patterns and the development of cardiometabolic risk factors during adolescence
Authors: Aira Tuula , Kokko Sami Petteri , Heinonen Olli Juhani , Korpelainen Raija , Kotkajuuri Jimi , Parkkari Jari , Savonen Kai , Toivo Kerttu , Uusitalo Arja , Valtonen Maarit , Villberg Jari , Niemelä Onni , Vähä‐Ypyä Henri , Vasankari Tommi 
Published: May 2023

PurposeTo examine the associations between longitudinal physical activity (PA) patterns and the development of cardiometabolic risk factors from adolescence to young adulthood.MethodsThis cohort study encompassed 250 participants recruited from sports clubs and schools, and examined at mean age 15 and 19. Device‐measured moderate‐to‐vigorous PA was grouped into five patterns (via a data‐driven method, usinginactivity maintainersas a reference). The outcomes were:glucose,insulin,homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA‐IR),total cholesterol,HDL and LDL cholesterol,triglycerides,blood pressure, andbody mass index(BMI). Linear growth curve models were applied with adjustment for sex, age, fruit/vegetable consumption, cigarette/snuff use, and change in the device wear‐time.ResultsInsulin and BMI increased amongdecreasers from moderate to low PA(βfor insulin 0.23, 95% CI 0.03–0.46;βfor BMI 0.90; CI 0.02–1.78). The concentration of HDL cholesterol decreased (β−0.18, CI −0.31 to −0.05) and that of glucose increased (β0.18, CI 0.02–0.35) amongdecreasers from high to moderate PA. By contrast, amongincreasers, blood pressure declined (systolicβ−6.43, CI −12.16 to −0.70; diastolicβ−6.72, CI −11.03 to −2.41).ConclusionsAlready during the transition to young adulthood, changes in PA are associated with changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. Favorable blood pressure changes were found among PAincreasers. Unfavorable changes in BMI, insulin, glucose, and HDL cholesterol were found in groups with decreasing PA. The changes were dependent on the baseline PA and the magnitude of the PA decline.
The soil organic carbon: Clay ratio in North Devon, UK: Implications for marketing soil carbon as an asset class
Authors: Pulley S. , Taylor H. , Prout J. M. , Haefele S. M. , Collins A. L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBuilding up stocks of agricultural soil organic carbon (SOC) can improve soil conditions as well as contribute to climate change mitigation. As a metric, the ratio of SOC to clay offers a better predictor of soil condition than SOC alone, potentially providing a benchmark for ecosystem service payments. We determined SOC:clay ratios for 50 fields in the North Devon UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve using 30 cm soil cores (divided into 0–10 cm and 10–30 cm depth samples), with soil bulk density, soil moisture and land‐use history recorded for each field. All the arable soils exceeded the minimum desirable SOC:clay ratio threshold, and the ley grassland soils generally exceeded it but were inconsistent at 10–30 cm. Land use was the primary factor driving SOC:clay ratios at 0–10 cm, with permanent pasture fields having the highest ratios followed by ley grass and then arable fields. Approximately half of the fields sampled had potential for building up SOC stock at 10–30 cm. However, at this depth, the effect of land use is significantly reduced. Within‐field variability in SOC and clay was low (coefficient of variation was ~10%) at both 0–10 cm and 10–30 cm, suggesting that SOC:clay ratios precisely characterized the fields. Due to the high SOC:clay ratios found, we conclude that there is limited opportunity to market additional carbon sequestration as an asset class in the North Devon Biosphere or similar areas. Instead, preserving existing SOC stocks would be a more suitable ecosystem service payment basis.
Soil tillage systems and forms of lime application on soil attribute enhancements in ratoon sugarcane
Authors: Pacola Marcela , Guimarães Tiara Moraes , Rigon João Paulo Gonsiorkiewicz , Jacomassi Lucas Moraes , Bossolani João William , Viveiros Josiane , de Siqueira Gabriela Ferraz , Dias Patrícia Pereira , Calonego Juliano Carlos , Crusciol Carlos Alexandre Costa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCombining deep tillage (DT) with lime application at greater depths may improve sugarcane yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of conventional tillage (CT) and DT systems and liming on sugarcane productivity and soil physical attributes. The experiment was conducted in a clayey‐textured Rhodic Hapludox soil cultivated with sugarcane for two growing seasons (first and third ratoons) using a randomized block design with four treatments and four repetitions. The treatments consisted of DT without liming (DT0), DT with liming (DT2), CT without liming (CT0) and CT with liming (CT2). In addition to sugarcane stalk and sugar yields, macroporosity (MA), microporosity (MI), total soil porosity (TP), weighted average diameter (WAD), aggregate stability index (ASI), soil penetration resistance (SPR), pH, potential acidity (H + Al), total soil organic carbon (SOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), mineral‐associated organic carbon (MOC), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were analysed. DT2 promoted the best soil conservation effect on sugarcane. In general, DT, regardless of lime application, reduced SOC and POC in soil surface layer. Nevertheless, in the long term, localized lime addition resulted in significant reductions in compaction, reaching values below 2 MPa. The soil fertility improvement provided by DT2 promoted increased sucrose concentrations and stalks yield. Considering that there was an improvement in the physical quality and fertility of soil for better plant development, the deep tillage with localized lime addition can be considered an effective alternative for sugarcane cultivation.
Early onset of Pyrenean collision (97–90 Ma) evidenced by U–Pb dating on calcite (Provence, SE France)
Authors: Bilau Antonin , Rolland Yann , Dumont Thierry , Schwartz Stéphane , Godeau Nicolas , Guihou Abel , Deschamps Pierre 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEarly Late Cretaceous uplift of Provence gave rise to the Durance Isthmus. In the present study, U–Pb dating on calcite of compressional structures related to Pyrenean foreland compressional deformation in Provence shows that N‐S shortening occurred coeval with emersion of the Durance Isthmus, through the development of combined top‐to‐the‐North to NW thrusts between 97 and 90 Ma. This large‐scale event, recorded from the Pyrenees to the Middle‐East regions is interpreted as a far‐field internal plate precursor of the Africa‐Europe plates reorganization. Furthermore, the change in tectonic style and amount of shortening between Provence and Pyrenees was accommodated by sinistral reactivation of the NE–SW Cevennes and Nimes faults, acting as transform boundaries in this incipient collisional context.
Motor potentials evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation: interpreting a simple measure of a complex system
Authors: Spampinato Danny Adrian , Ibanez Jaime , Rocchi Lorenzo , Rothwell John 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non‐invasive technique that is increasingly used to study the human brain. One of the principal outcome measures is the motor‐evoked potential (MEP) elicited in a muscle following TMS over the primary motor cortex (M1), where it is used to estimate changes in corticospinal excitability. However, multiple elements play a role in MEP generation, so even apparently simple measures such as peak‐to‐peak amplitude have a complex interpretation. Here, we summarize what is currently known regarding the neural pathways and circuits that contribute to the MEP and discuss the factors that should be considered when interpreting MEP amplitude measured at rest in the context of motor processing and patients with neurological conditions. In the last part of this work, we also discuss how emerging technological approaches can be combined with TMS to improve our understanding of neural substrates that can influence MEPs. Overall, this review aims to highlight the capabilities and limitations of TMS that are important to recognize when attempting to disentangle sources that contribute to the physiological state‐related changes in corticomotor excitability.
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Detection of influenza virus and
Streptococcus pneumoniae
in air sampled from co-infected ferrets and analysis of their influence on pathogen stability
Authors: French Andrea J. , Rockey Nicole C. , Le Sage Valerie , Mueller Brown Karina , Shephard Meredith J. , Frizzell Sheila , Myerburg Mike M. , Hiller N. Luisa , Lakdawala Seema S. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Secondary infection with
Streptococcus pneumoniae
has contributed significantly to morbidity and mortality during multiple influenza virus pandemics and remains a common threat today. During a concurrent infection, both pathogens can influence the transmission of each other, but the mechanisms behind this are unclear. In this study, condensation air sampling and cyclone bioaerosol sampling were performed using ferrets first infected with the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus (H1N1pdm09) and secondarily infected with
S. pneumoniae
strain D39 (Spn). We detected viable pathogens and microbial nucleic acid in expelled aerosols from co-infected ferrets, suggesting that these microbes could be present in the same respiratory expulsions. To assess whether microbial communities impact pathogen stability within an expelled droplet, we performed experiments measuring viral and bacterial persistence in 1 µL droplets. We observed that H1N1pdm09 stability was unchanged in the presence of Spn. Further, Spn stability was moderately increased in the presence of H1N1pdm09, although the degree of stabilization differed between airway surface liquid collected from individual patient cultures. These findings are the first to collect both pathogens from the air and in doing so, they provide insight into the interplay between these pathogens and their hosts.

IMPORTANCE

The impact of microbial communities on transmission fitness and environmental persistence is under-studied. Environmental stability of microbes is crucial to identifying transmission risks and mitigation strategies, such as removal of contaminated aerosols and decontamination of surfaces. Co-infection with
S. pneumoniae
is very common during influenza virus infection, but little work has been done to understand whether
S. pneumoniae
alters stability of influenza virus, or vice versa, in a relevant system. Here, we demonstrate that influenza virus and
S. pneumoniae
are expelled by co-infected hosts. Our stability assays did not reveal any impact of
S. pneumoniae
on influenza virus stability, but did show a trend towards increased stability of
S. pneumoniae
in the presence of influenza viruses. Future work characterizing environmental persistence of viruses and bacteria should include microbially complex solutions to better mimic physiologically relevant conditions.
Comparative effectiveness of urine drug screening strategies alongside opioid agonist treatment in British Columbia, Canada: a population-based observational study protocol
Authors: Guerra-Alejos B Carolina , Kurz Megan , Min Jeong Eun , Dale Laura M , Piske Micah , Bach Paxton , Bruneau Julie , Gustafson Paul , Hu X Joan , Kampman Kyle , Korthuis P Todd , Loughin Tom , Maclure Malcolm , Platt Robert W , Siebert U , Socías M Eugenia , Wood Evan , Nosyk Bohdan 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionUrine drug tests (UDTs) are commonly used for monitoring opioid agonist treatment (OAT) responses, supporting the clinical decision for take-home doses and monitoring potential diversion. However, there is limited evidence supporting the utility of mandatory UDTs—particularly the impact of UDT frequency on OAT retention. Real-world evidence can inform patient-centred approaches to OAT and improve current strategies to address the ongoing opioid public health emergency. Our objective is to determine the safety and comparative effectiveness of alternative UDT monitoring strategies as observed in clinical practice among OAT clients in British Columbia, Canada from 2010 to 2020.Methods and analysisWe propose a population-level retrospective cohort study of all individuals 18 years of age or older who initiated OAT from 1 January 2010 to 17 March 2020. The study will draw on eight linked health administrative databases from British Columbia. Our primary outcomes include OAT discontinuation and all-cause mortality. To determine the effectiveness of the intervention, we will emulate a ‘per-protocol’ target trial using a clone censoring approach to compare fixed and dynamic UDT monitoring strategies. A range of sensitivity analyses will be executed to determine the robustness of our results.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol, cohort creation and analysis plan have been classified and approved as a quality improvement initiative by Providence Health Care Research Ethics Board and the Simon Fraser University Office of Research Ethics. Results will be disseminated to local advocacy groups and decision-makers, national and international clinical guideline developers, presented at international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals electronically and in print.
Is our public research money well spent? Publication of research outputs from Health Research Council of New Zealand-funded studies: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Showell Marian , Farquhar Cynthia M , Greenwood Grace , Jordan Vanessa M B 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the reporting of results from the projects and programmes funded by the Health Research Council (HRC) New Zealand.DesignA cross-sectional analysis.SettingResearch projects and programmes funded by the HRC New Zealand from 2006 to 2014.ParticipantsPublicly available data provided by the HRC.Main outcome measuresThe number and proportion with evidence of publication and dissemination of a research output from HRC grants and the time taken to disseminate the results.ResultsOf the 374 HRC grants from 2006 to 2014, there was no evidence of publication or reporting of any research output for 48 studies (13%). Of the 326 (87%) grants with research outputs, there was a mean dissemination time of 4.73 years (SD 2.37). The total funding provided by the HRC was NZ$471 663 336, while the 48 grants with no evidence of dissemination represented NZ$47 095 727 (10%).ConclusionsThirteen per cent of the HRC projects and programmes from 2006 to 2014 have not contributed to the healthcare evidence as their results remain unknown.
Effects of intravenous thrombolysis on stent retriever and aspiration thrombectomy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials
Authors: Bilgin Cem , Tolba Hatem , Ghozy Sherief , Kobeissi Hassan , Hassankhani Amir , Senol Yigit Can , Arul Santhosh , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Kallmes David F 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundRisks and benefits of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (MT) have been a topic of interest. However, IVT’s specific effects on stent retriever (SR) and aspiration thrombectomy (ASP) outcomes remain largely unexplored. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate the effects of IVT on SR and ASP thrombectomy outcomes.MethodsIn accordance with PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature review was conducted using Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Center of Clinical Trials databases. Outcomes of interest included successful recanalization (modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) ≥2b), modified first pass efficacy (mFPE), functional independence (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤2), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and embolization to new territories (ENT).ResultsFour randomized controlled trials with 1176 patients were included. SR and ASP resulted in similar mTICI ≥2b, mFPE, and mRS 0–2 rates in patients with and without IVT administration. SR without IVT was associated with a significantly lower rate of mFPE compared with the SR+IVT (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.97). Furthermore, ASP without IVT resulted in a lower rate of mRS 0–2 than the ASP+IVT with a strong trend towards significance (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.60 to 1.01). Finally, bridging therapy did not increase sICH and ENT rates after ASP or SR thrombectomy.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that SR and ASP thrombectomy have comparable safety and efficacy profiles, regardless of prior IVT administration. Additionally, our results indicate that the addition of IVT may improve certain efficacy outcomes based on the employed first-line MT technique.
A review of detrital heavy mineral contributions to furthering our understanding of continental crust formation and evolution
Authors: Pereira Inês , van Schijndel Valby , Tedeschi Mahyra , Cutts Kathryn , Guitreau Martin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Detrital heavy minerals have helped address geologically complex issues such as the nature and origin of the early terrestrial crust, the growth and evolution of the continental crust, and the onset of plate tectonics, together with palaeogeographic and supercontinent cycles reconstructions. With the advent of
in situ
analytical techniques and a more complete understanding of trace element behaviour in rock-forming and accessory minerals, we have now at our disposal a powerful suite of tools that we can apply to multiple proxies found as detrital minerals. These can be
in situ
dating, trace element or isotopic tracing applied to both mineral hosts and their inclusions. We opted to showcase minerals that occur as primary minerals in a wide range of rock compositions and that can provide reliable age information. Additionally, over recent decades their chemistries have been tested as proxies to understand crustal processes. These are zircon, garnet, apatite, monazite, rutile and titanite. We include an overview and provide some approaches to overcome common biases that specifically affect these minerals. This review brings together petrological, sedimentological and geochemical considerations related to the application of these detrital minerals in crustal evolution studies, highlighting their strengths, limitations and possible future developments.
Missense Mutation in Human CHD4 Causes Ventricular Noncompaction by Repressing ADAMTS1
Authors: Shi Wei , Scialdone Angel P. , Emerson James I. , Mei Liu , Wasson Lauren K. , Davies Haley A. , Seidman Christine E. , Seidman Jonathan G. , Cook Jeanette G. , Conlon Frank L. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a prevalent cardiomyopathy associated with excessive trabeculation and thin compact myocardium. Patients with LVNC are vulnerable to cardiac dysfunction and at high risk of sudden death. Although sporadic and inherited mutations in cardiac genes are implicated in LVNC, understanding of the mechanisms responsible for human LVNC is limited.

Methods:

We screened the complete exome sequence database of the Pediatrics Cardiac Genomics Consortium and identified a cohort with a de novo CHD4 (chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 4) proband, CHD4
M202I
, with congenital heart defects. We engineered a humanized mouse model of CHD4
M202I
(mouse CHD4
M195I
). Histological analysis, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, and echocardiography were used to analyze cardiac anatomy and function. Ex vivo culture, immunopurification coupled with mass spectrometry, transcriptional profiling, and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to deduce the mechanism of CHD4
M195I
-mediated ventricular wall defects.

Results:

CHD4

M195I/M195I

mice developed biventricular hypertrabeculation and noncompaction and died at birth. Proliferation of cardiomyocytes was significantly increased in
CHD4

M195I

hearts, and the excessive trabeculation was associated with accumulation of ECM (extracellular matrix) proteins and a reduction of ADAMTS1 (ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 1), an ECM protease. We rescued the hyperproliferation and hypertrabeculation defects in
CHD4

M195I

hearts by administration of ADAMTS1. Mechanistically, the CHD4
M195I
protein showed augmented affinity to endocardial BRG1 (SWI/SNF–related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4). This enhanced affinity resulted in the failure of derepression of
Adamts1
transcription such that ADAMTS1-mediated trabeculation termination was impaired.

Conclusions:

Our study reveals how a single mutation in the chromatin remodeler CHD4, in mice or humans, modulates ventricular chamber maturation and that cardiac defects associated with the missense mutation CHD4
M195I
can be attenuated by the administration of ADAMTS1.