bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaccine Hesitancy and the Accumulation of Distrust
Authors: Decoteau Claire Laurier , Sweet Paige L 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Scholarship on vaccine hesitancy portrays racially marginalized populations as undervaccinated, undereducated, or under the influence of social movements. However, these explanations cannot account for vaccine hesitancy among the Somali diaspora in Minneapolis. Drawing on interviews with Somali parents and health, education, and government professionals in Minneapolis, we argue that vaccine hesitancy among marginalized populations stems from accumulated distrust. Somalis’ distrust is relationally produced through their interactions with the healthcare system, where they experience both epistemic and corporeal harm. When health experts ignore Somalis’ history, knowledge, and embodied experiences, distrust accumulates. Our account reveals different expressions of vaccine hesitancy, thus highlighting the contingent, relational, and cumulative nature of distrust.
Genome evolution of dengue virus serotype 1 under selection by Wolbachia pipientis in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
Authors: Thi Hue Kien Duong , Edenborough Kathryn , da Silva Goncalves Daniela , Thuy Vi Tran , Casagrande Etiene , Thi Le Duyen Huynh , Thi Long Vo , Thi Dui Le , Thi Tuyet Nhu Vu , Thi Giang Nguyen , Thi Xuan Trang Huynh , Lee Elvina , Donovan-Banfield I’ah , Thi Thuy Van Huynh , Minh Nguyet Nguyen , Thanh Phong Nguyen , Van Vinh Chau Nguyen , Wills Bridget , Yacoub Sophie , Flores Heather , Simmons Cameron 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The introgression of antiviral strains of Wolbachia into Aedes aegypti mosquito populations is a public health intervention for the control of dengue. Plausibly, dengue virus (DENV) could evolve to bypass the antiviral effects of Wolbachia and undermine this approach. Here, we established a serial-passage system to investigate the evolution of DENV in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes infected with the wMel strain of Wolbachia. Using this system, we report on virus genetic outcomes after twenty passages of serotype 1 of DENV (DENV-1). An amino acid substitution, E203K, in the DENV-1 envelope protein was more frequently detected in the consensus sequence of virus populations passaged in wMel-infected Ae. aegypti than wild-type counterparts. Positive selection at residue 203 was reproducible; it occurred in passaged virus populations from independent DENV-1-infected patients and also in a second, independent experimental system. In wild-type mosquitoes and human cells, the 203K variant was rapidly replaced by the progenitor sequence. These findings provide proof of concept that wMel-associated selection of virus populations can occur in experimental conditions. Field-based studies are needed to explore whether wMel imparts selective pressure on DENV evolution in locations where wMel is established.
The Economic Impact of Deepening Trade Agreements
Authors: Fontagné Lionel , Rocha Nadia , Ruta Michele , Santoni Gianluca 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper explores the economic impacts of preferential trade agreements, conditional on their level of ambition. It clusters 278 agreements, encompassing 910 provisions over 18 policy areas and estimates the trade elasticity for the different clusters. These elasticities are used in a series of general-equilibrium counterfactual situations for endowment economies, revealing that deepening existing agreements (the intensive margin of regional integration) could boost world trade by 3.9 percent and world GDP by 0.9 percent. The expected gains from deepening agreements within or across regions vary depending on the initial depth of agreements and the size of regional markets.
Environmental Conditions Modulate Plant Virus Vertical Transmission and Survival of Infected Seeds
Authors: Gutiérrez-Sánchez Álvaro , Cobos Alberto , López-Herranz Marisa , Canto Tomás , Pagán Israel 
Published: March 2023

Seed transmission is a major mode for plant virus persistence and dispersal, as it allows for virus survival within the seed in unfavorable conditions and facilitates spread when they become more favorable. To access these benefits, viruses require infected seeds to remain viable and germinate in altered environmental conditions, which may also be advantageous for the plant. However, how environmental conditions and virus infection affect seed viability, and whether these effects modulate seed transmission rate and plant fitness, is unknown. To address these questions, we utilized turnip mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, and Arabidopsis thaliana as model systems. Using seeds from plants infected by these viruses, we analyzed seed germination rates, as a proxy of seed viability, and virus seed transmission rate under standard and altered temperature, CO2, and light intensity. With these data, we developed and parameterized a mathematical epidemiological model to explore the consequences of the observed alterations on virus prevalence and persistence. Altered conditions generally reduced overall seed viability and increased virus transmission rate compared with standard conditions, which indicated that under environmental stress, infected seeds are more viable. Hence, virus presence may be beneficial for the host. Subsequent simulations predicted that enhanced viability of infected seeds and higher virus transmission rate may increase virus prevalence and persistence in the host population under altered conditions. This work provides novel information on the influence of the environment in plant virus epidemics. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
The Reduced Use of Invasive Procedures Leads to a Change of Frequencies of Prenatally Detected Chromosomal Aberrations: Population Data From the Years 2012–2016
Authors: Sipek Antonin , Gregor Vladimir , Sipek Antonin , Klaschka Jan , Maly Marek , Calda Pavel 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Prenatal chromosomal aberration screening mainly focuses on the identification of the autosomal trisomy of chromosomes 21, 18, and 13 (Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome, and Patau syndrome, respectively). This screening may be often combined with other first-semester screenings to promote earlier detection of other pregnancy complications, including chromosomal aberrations. In the Czech Republic, there is no unified policy for prenatal screening. The main prenatal diagnostic centers provide combined prenatal screening in the first semester, whereas some conduct biochemical screening in the second trimester. Those with positive screening results or abnormal ultrasound are offered invasive diagnostic procedures, such as chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis, along with additional genetic testing. Whereas the number of amniocenteses has declined, the number of CVS is increasing. The aim of this study was to examine the results of chromosomal aberrations screening in a population with a high rate of first-trimester screening and low rate of noninvasive prenatal testing.
This was a population-based study, using data from the National Registry of Congenital Anomalies of the Czech Republic from 2012 to 2016. Included were all cases of prenatally diagnosed chromosomal aberrations. The proportions of the autosomal trisomies and other chromosomal aberrations were calculated and compared. The denominator was the number of live births per year.
A total of 3009 prenatally diagnosed cases of chromosomal aberrations were identified during the study period. The most common aberrations were the major autosomal trisomies (1885 cases [62.6%]). The number of invasive prenatal diagnostic procedures decreased from 11,517 cases (1099.54 per 10,000) to 7042 cases (622.73 per 10,000) during the study period. From 2012 to 2016, the number of prenatally diagnosed major autosomal trisomies increased (329 cases [30.86 per 10,000] vs 423 cases [37.41 per 10,000], respectively; Poisson regression: P = 0.014), and the number of other aberrations decreased (246 cases [23.07 per 10,000] vs 217 cases [19.19 per 10,000], respectively; Poisson regression: P = 0.017). There was a highly statistically significant increase of 57.22% in 2012 to 66.09% in 2016 in the rate of the major autosomal trisomies group (logistic regression: P < 0.001).
The study found that, during a 5-year period, when invasive prenatal diagnostic procedures declined, there was also a decrease in the number of nonmajor chromosomal aberrations. Noninvasive prenatal testing was not shown to impact these data.
Endocervical Sampling in Women With Suspected Cervical Neoplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies
Authors: Damkjær Mathias , Laursen Jacob Brink , Petersen Lone Kjeld , Schledermann Doris , Booth Berit Bargum , Dolleris Britta Blume , Laursen Henrik Sehested , Schroll Jeppe Bennekou 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
HPV-induced cervical neoplasia progresses through a predictable natural course of disease, starting with mild cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1) and developing into severe degrees (CIN3) and eventually to invasive cervical cancer. A positive finding on initial screening for cervical neoplasia results in further diagnostics involving sampling with an endocervical brush (EB) or endocervical curettage (ECC). There exists a considerable variation in the choice of test method for obtaining these endocervical or cervical canal samples.
This meta-analysis aimed to retrospectively determine the diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) and patient discomfort of the EB and ECC for the detection of cervical neoplasia in women with any indication for colposcopy, biopsies, and endocervical sampling. All diagnostic studies and randomized clinical trials that included women with abnormal cytology results in cervical cancer screening or women with red flag symptoms undergoing colposcopy, biopsy, EB, or ECC were included. The target condition was cervical neoplasia, and the reference standard was the final histological result. A bivariate random-effects model was used to determine summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A meta-analysis assessing summary relative risk for inadequate samples was also conducted.
A total of 7 studies were included in the meta-analysis with a total sample size of 1097 women. Three studies were randomized clinical trials, and 4 were cohort studies, and they took place between 1988 and 2013. A DTA meta-analysis for summary sensitivity and specificity found an overall pooled sensitivity of 81% (95% CI, 48–95) for EB and 70% (95% CI, 42–89) for ECC. The overall pooled specificity was 73% (95% CI, 36–93) for EB and 81% (95% CI, 56–94). The overall relative risk was found to be 2.53 (95% CI, 0.58–11.0; P = 0.215) for ECC compared with EB for inadequate samples. Two studies reported patient discomfort as an outcome, and only a single study reported a significant difference between ECC and EB in favor of ECC (visual analog scale score 2.55 vs 1.99).
The results of this meta-analysis comparing the DTA of EB and ECC found no significant difference between EB and ECC in DTA, inadequate sampling rate, or adverse effects. The overall sensitivity was found to be slightly higher for EB than for ECC and the specificity to be slightly higher for ECC than EB, although these results were not statistically significant.
The Proportion of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Achieving ACR20/50/70; Consistent Patterns of a 60/40/20 as Demonstrated by a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mokbel Abir , Movahedi Mohammad , Philippopoulos Eleni , Ojani Pantea , Keystone Edward C. 
Published: March 2023

Objectives
We aimed to demonstrate that the proportion of rheumatoid arthritis patients achieving 20%/50%/70% improvement in American College of Rheumatology (ACR20/50/70) responses to Food and Drug Administration–approved biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) after an inadequate response to methotrexate (MTX) and after failure of the first bDMARDs followed a consistent pattern.

Methods
This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in accordance with MECIR (Methodological Expectations for Cochrane Intervention Reviews) standards. Two separate groups of randomized controlled trials were included: the first group included studies with biologic-naive patients who added bDMARD to MTX as intervention arm compared with the placebo plus MTX group. The second group included biologic-irresponsive (IR) patients who used a second bDMARD plus MTX after the first bDMARD failure compared with placebo plus MTX group. Primary outcome was defined as the proportion of rheumatoid arthritis patients achieving ACR20/50/70 responses at 24 ± 6 weeks.

Results
Twenty-one studies initiated between 1999 and 2017 were included: 15 studies for the biologic-naive group and 6 studies for the biologic-IR group. For the biologic-naive group, the proportions of patients achieving ACR20/50/70 were 61.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 58.7%–64.1%), 37.8% (95% CI, 34.8%–40.8%), and 18.8% (95% CI, 16.1%–21.4%), respectively. For the biologic-IR group, proportions of patients achieving ACR20/50/70 were 48.5% (95% CI, 42.2%–54.8%), 27.3% (95% CI, 21.6%–33.0%), and 12.9% (95% CI, 11.3%–14.8%), respectively.

Conclusion
We were able to systematically demonstrate that ACR20/50/70 responses to biologic-naive follow a consistent pattern of 60%, 40%, and 20%, respectively. We also demonstrated that the ACR20/50/70 responses to a biologic IR follow a certain pattern of 50%, 25%, and 12.5%, respectively.
GENDER-RELATED VARIATIONS IN PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS PNEUMONIA AND SEPSIS
Authors: Homma Kento , Liu Keibun , Niimi Yosuke , Fukuda Satoshi , Hirasawa Yasutaka , Baljinnyam Tuvshintugs , Bazhanov Nikolay , Nawgiri Ranjana , Muthukumarana Palawinnage , Lucas Rudolf , Prough Donald , Enkhbaatar Perenlei 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
In preclinical studies, the protective effects of female sex hormones and the immunosuppressive effects of male sex hormones were demonstrated. However, gender-related differences in multiorgan failure and mortality in clinical trials have not been consistently explained. This study aims to investigate gender-related differences in the development and progression of sepsis using a clinically relevant ovine model of sepsis. Adult Merino male (n=7) and female (n=7) sheep were surgically prepared with multiple catheters before the study. To induce sepsis, bronchoscopy instilled methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus into sheep's lungs. The time from the bacterial inoculation until the modified Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (q-SOFA) score became positive was measured and analyzed primarily. We also compared the SOFA score between these male and female sheep over time. Survival, hemodynamic changes, the severity of pulmonary dysfunction, and microvascular hyperpermeability were also compared. The time from the onset of bacterial inoculation to the positive q-SOFA in male sheep was significantly shorter than in female sheep. Mortality was not different between these sheep (14% vs. 14%). There were no significant differences in hemodynamic changes and pulmonary function between the two groups at any time point. Similar changes in hematocrit, urine output, and fluid balance were observed between females and males. The present data indicate that the onset of multiple organ failure and progression of sepsis is faster in male sheep than in female sheep, even though the severity of cardiopulmonary function is comparable over time. Further studies are warranted to validate the above results.
EVALUATION OF HYDROCORTISONE, VITAMIN C, AND THIAMINE FOR THE TREATMENT OF SEPTIC SHOCK: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (THE HYVITS TRIAL)
Authors: Mohamed Adham , Abdelaty Mohamed , Saad Mohamed O. , Shible Ahmed , Mitwally Hassan , Akkari Abdel-Rauof , Elbuzidi Abdurrahmaan , Bintaher Awadh , Hashim Ahmed , Abdelrahim Magid , Afzal Mohammad , El-Enany Rasha , El-Hamid Maha , Bakdach Dana , Karic Edin , Shehatta Ahmed , Ibrahim Abdul-Salam , Lance Marcus , Hssain Ali Ait , Hassan Ibrahim 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of combined hydrocortisone, vitamin C, and thiamine (triple therapy) on the mortality of patients with septic shock. Methods: This multicenter, open-label, two-arm parallel-group, randomized controlled trial was conducted in four intensive care units in Qatar. Adult patients diagnosed with septic shock requiring norepinephrine at a rate of ≥0.1 μg/kg/min for ≥6 h were randomized to a triple therapy group or a control group. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality at 60 days or at discharge, whichever occurred first. Secondary outcomes included time to death, change in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score at 72 h of randomization, intensive care unit length of stay, hospital length of stay, and vasopressor duration. Results: A total of 106 patients (53 in each group) were enrolled in this study. The study was terminated early because of a lack of funding. The median baseline SOFA score was 10 (interquartile range, 8–12). The primary outcomes were similar between the two groups (triple therapy, 28.3% vs. control, 35.8%; P = 0.41). Vasopressor duration among the survivors was similar between the two groups (triple therapy, 50 h vs. control, 58 h; P = 0.44). Other secondary and safety endpoints were similar between the two groups. Conclusion: Triple therapy did not improve in-hospital mortality at 60 days in critically ill patients with septic shock or reduce the vasopressor duration or SOFA score at 72 h. Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03380507. Registered on December 21, 2017.
THE IL-33/ST2 AXIS PROMOTES ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME BY NATURAL KILLER T CELLS
Authors: Zou Lijuan , Dang Wenpei , Tao Yiming , Zhao Hui , Yang Bin , Xu Xinxin , Li Yongsheng 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by uncontrolled inflammation, which manifests as leukocyte infiltration and lung injury. However, the molecules that initiate this infiltration remain incompletely understood. We evaluated the effect of the nuclear alarmin IL-33 on lung damage and the immune response in LPS-induced lung injury. We established a LPS-induced lung injury mouse model. We used genetically engineered mice to investigate the relationship among the IL-33/ST2 axis, NKT cells, and ARDS. We found that IL-33 was localized to the nucleus in alveolar epithelial cells, from which it was released 1 h after ARDS induction in wild-type (WT) mice. Mice lacking IL-33 (IL-33−/−) or ST2 (ST2−/−) exhibited reduced neutrophil infiltration, alveolar capillary leakage, and lung injury in ARDS compared with WT mice. This protection was associated with decreased lung recruitment and activation of invariant nature killer (iNKT) cells and activation of traditional T cells. Then, we validated that iNKT cells were deleterious in ARDS in CD1d−/− and Vα14Τg mice. Compared with WT mice, Vα14Τg mice exhibited increased lung injury in ARDS, and the CD1d−/− mice showed outcomes opposite those of the Vα14Τg mice. Furthermore, we administered a neutralizing anti-ST2 antibody to LPS-treated WT and Vα14Τg mice 1 h before LPS administration. We found that IL-33 promoted inflammation through NKT cells in ARDS. In summary, our results demonstrated that the IL-33/ST2 axis promotes the early uncontrolled inflammatory response in ARDS by activating and recruiting iNKT cells. Therefore, IL-33 and NKT cells may be therapeutic target molecules and immune cells, respectively, in early ARDS cytokine storms.
Prevention of liver fibrosis and steatosis progression among heavy drinkers with and without HIV after 30-day drinking-reduction program
Authors: Ahn Seungjun , Richards Veronica , Thomas Emmanuel , Jayaweera Dushyantha , Govind Varan , Li Zhigang , Cohen Ronald A. , Cook Robert L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis is the first attempt to assess changes in liver abnormalities before and after contingency management (CM) to reduce heavy drinking beyond 30-days of follow-up.ObjectiveThe main objective was to determine whether liver fibrosis and steatosis, measured using FibroScan, change significantly between baseline, 30-days, and 90-days among older adults who drink heavily at baseline, enrolled in the CM intervention for alcohol reduction. The secondary aim of the study was to assess whether the changes in liver outcome measures differ across alcohol consumption categories.MethodsA prospective study (ClinicalTrials.govregistry:NCT03353701) of 46 older adults (63% male, 76.1% Black, mean age = 56.4) with heavy drinking at the baseline, living with or without HIV infection was evaluated. A linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze the FibroScan Transient Elastography (TE for fibrosis) and Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP for steatosis).ResultsThere were no significant changes in liver fibrosis and steatosis measures after 90-days of drinking abstinence among heavy drinkers with or without stratified TE or CAP values at baseline.ConclusionsCM for drinking reduction may not be effective at least short-term prospective in preventing liver fibrosis and steatosis progression for subjects without severe liver disease at baseline.