bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Diagnostic Challenges,
Pathogenic Mechanisms and their Role in Depression and Management
Authors: Sharma Ayushi , Goel Anjana 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Depression being a common comorbidity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is found to be responsible
for the reduction in the lifespan of the sufferer along with the compromised quality of
life. The study quoted below highlights the pathogenic pathways, the frequency of RA along with
its impact on patients, thus, raising awareness about the concerned topic. It is found that the
chances and frequency of developing depression are 2-3 times higher in patients with RA in comparison
to the general population. For such studies, self-reported questionnaires along with proper
screening of inclusion and exclusion criteria have been employed which helped in a better comparative
study of the topic. As per a report from a meta-analysis, 16.8% of patients with RA have been
observed to develop severe depression. According to recent research in the related field, the hypothesis
of the role of immune-mediated processes and their role in brain networks and inflammation
has been found to be engaged in the progression and pathophysiology of depression in patients
with RA. Autoimmune mechanisms and cytokines are found to play an essential role in coordination
for initiating and sustaining the disorder. Involvement of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α has been
studied and analysed widely. A number of studies have shown a connection between depression
and RA-related physical impairment, fatigue, and increased pain. Higher mortality, reduced treatment
compliance, and more comorbidities effects increased suicide risk. It is also found that depression
along with RA leads to hospitalizations, which in turn increase the cost of care for the patient.
Hence, it could be stated that the study of depression in RA can be an important marker for the progression
of RA and its prognosis. The latest treatment strategies for RA include management of
symptoms and early disorder treatment The current review aims to investigate and bring the links
between RA and its symptoms into the limelight, including the psycho-social, physiological, and
neurological aspects along with their molecular mechanism, for a better discernment of the topic
for the readers.
Recent Patents on Particle Wettability Measurement and Improvement
Authors: Jin Fanbo , Wang Songquan , Yang Daolong , Yu Lu , Wang Kaijun , Xia Youtao 
Published: September 2023

Background:
As the coal mining industry becomes more mechanized, it leads to a large number of coal dust particles suspended in the air, polluting the surrounding environment, accompanied by an increase in fine-grained low-rank coal particles and a low recovery rate of a large amount of organic matter in the particles, wasting resources.

Objective:
The study of particle wettability can have an impact on spray dust reduction and particle flotation efficiency. By adjusting the hydrophilicity of coal powder particles, the generation of suspended coal dust can be effectively suppressed. By adding surfactants, the flotation separation efficiency of coal particles can be improved.

Method:
This article introduces the measurement method of particle wetting properties and methods to improve the wetting properties of particles, providing a reference for studying the wetting properties of particles

Results:
The measurement of particle wetting properties is more accurate, simple, and convenient. Improving the wetting properties of particles by adding additives has significant implications for later dust reduction and particle flotation.

Conclusion:
This thesis provides an important basis for studying the wettability of particles, modifying the wettability and hydrophilicity of particles, providing specific guidance for improving the wettability of particles for spray dust reduction and particle flotation, and greatly improving industrial production efficiency.
Chromatographic Development and Validation of High-performance Thin
Layer Chromatography Method for Concurrent Estimation of
Azelnidipine and S (-) Metoprolol Succinate in Bulk and Tablets
Authors: Ganorkar Saylee , Bhavsar Aditya , Sakpal Pramod , Khiste Rahul 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Azelnidipine a calcium channel blocker belongs to BCS class II and S (-)
Metoprolol Succinate belongs to BCS class I. The ever-increasing number of drugs and their
combinations in the market leads to the need for the development of analytical methods for their
quality control.

Objective:
For the concurrent detection of Azelnidipine (AZEL)and S (-) Metoprolol Succinate
(MTS) in bulk and pharmaceutical combination dosage form, a simple, selective, and accurate
high-performance thin layer chromatographic technique was developed and validated. To
determine the stability of formulation in various conditions force degradation studies were carried
out as per ICH Q1 guidelines.

Method:
The stationary phase for the method was silica gel 60F 254 (10X10) precoated aluminium
plates for HPTLC. Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Methanol: GAA were the solvents of the solvent system
(6:2:2:0.1 v/v/v/v).

Result:
A compact spot for both azelnidipine and metoprolol succinate was detected in the system
(Rf = 0.66 and 0.22, respectively). Utilizing the absorbance mode at 236 nm, densitometric
measurement of Azelnidipine and S (-) Metoprolol Succinate was performed. Linear regression
analysis results for the calibration plots showed good linear relationships with R2 values of 0.9997
and 0.9992 for peak areas in the concentration range 200-1000 ng per spot for Azelnidipine and
with respect to peak areas in the concentration range 200-1000 ng per spot for S (-) Metoprolol
Succinate. Precision, recovery, and robustness of the method were validated as per ICH guidelines.
In alkaline conditions, major degradation of S (-) Metoprolol succinate was observed. Azelnidipine
showed major degradation in acidic conditions.

Conclusion:
A statistical study demonstrated that the method is accurate, precise, and selective for
the estimation of metoprolol and azelnidipine. From the results of forced degradation studies, it is
concluded that formulation has sufficient stability in various stress conditions.
Apologies and Feelings of Guilt for Actual and Nonexistent Sexual
Impropriety
Authors: Drouin Michelle , O’Connor Kimberly W. , Machette Anthony , Poronsky Bradley , Harrison Annalise 
Published: September 2023

Aims:
In this study, we examined the prevalence of apologies and predictors (i.e., empathy,
guilt, and psychopathy) of apologies for actual or asserted sexual impropriety in experimental
scenarios.

Background:
Our goal was to determine the extent to which a workplace sexual harassment scenario
differed from an interpersonal (non-workplace) sexual scenario in terms of the extent to which
apologies were elicited and the personal characteristics that predicted apologies in each situational
context.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to better understand the motivations for apologies in scenarios
wherein the actor was or was not at fault.

Method:
Participants (N = 643) responded via text-based responses to one of two vignettes— one
involving workplace sexual harassment and the other involving cheating on an intimate partner. Participants
were recruited from both introductory psychology classes at a Midwestern University (n =
447) and from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (n = 196).

Result:
This study confirms that many people apologize for alleged sexual impropriety regardless of
fault. However, we also found that people who did not commit sexual acts are less likely to apologize
in a work scenario and more likely to apologize in an intimate partner cheating scenario.

Conclusion:
This study highlights how complex apologies can be regarding both true and false assertions
of sexual impropriety. It also demonstrates the importance of situational and relationship
contexts in predicting apologies and emotional responses.
An IMEX-based approach for the pricing of equity warrants under fractional Brownian motion models
Authors: Chen Wenting , Jiang Xiaoying 
Published: September 2023

In this paper, the pricing of equity warrants under a class of fractional Brownian motion models is investigated numerically. By establishing a new nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) system governing the price in terms of the observable stock price, we solve the pricing system effectively by a robust implicit-explicit numerical method. This is fundamentally different from the documented methods, which first solve the price with respect to the firm value analytically, by assuming that the volatility of the firm is constant, and then compute the price with respect to the stock price and estimate the firm volatility numerically. It is shown that the proposed method is stable in the maximum-norm sense. Furthermore, a sharp theoretical error estimate for the current method is provided, which is also verified numerically. Numerical examples suggest that the current method is efficient and can produce results that are, overall, closer to real market prices than other existing approaches. A great advantage of the current method is that it can be extended easily to price equity warrants under other complicated models.

doi: 10.1017/S1446181123000159
Etiological features of urinary tract infections in pregnant women: current state of the problem
Authors: Myroshnychenko M.S. , Mishyn Yu.M. , Pasiyeshvili N.M. , Kapustnyk N.V. , Mishyna M.M. , Mozgova Yu.A. , Marchenko I.A. , Myroshnychenko S.O. 
Published: September 2023

Background. Urinary tract infections in pregnant wo­men occupy a leading place in the structure of extragenital patho­logy. The purpose of the study is to determine the etiological features of urinary tract infections in pregnant women. Materials and ­methods. The study included 89 pregnant women with urinary tract infections. The material for microbiological research was urine, the samples of which were collected on the day of hospitalization of a pregnant woman before treatment. Identification of microorganisms was carried out with the use of ­MIKROLATEST® test systems (Erba Lachema, Czech Republic). Preparation of bacterial suspensions with a certain concentration of microbial cells was carried out using Densi-La-Meter electronic device (PLIVA-Lachema a.s., Czech Republic) according to the McFarland scale. Optical density was measured using a Multiskan EX microplate reader (type 355). Results. Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the leading pathogens of urinary tract infections in pregnant women of the Kharkiv region; Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus pyogenes are predominant ones. The selected spectrum of etiological factors of urinary tract infections does not depend on the age of a pregnant woman. In the etiological structure of the urinary tract infections in pregnant women, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis take the first and the second place during the first three trimesters of pregnancy. The third place in the first trimester belongs to Enterococcus faecalis, in the second trimester — to Proteus vulgaris and Streptococcus pyogenes, in the third trimester — to Streptococcus pyogenes. The etiological structure of urinary tract infections in pregnant women is determined by the topography of the inflammatory process. Thus, in women with asymptomatic bacteriuria, Proteus mirabilis takes the first place, Escherichia coli — the second place, Proteus vulgaris and Enterococcus faecalis — the third place; in acute pyelonephritis, the first place belongs to Escherichia coli, the second place to Streptococcus pyogenes, the third place to Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae; in urethritis, Escherichia coli takes the first place, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae — the second place, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris — the third place; in cystitis, the first place belongs to Escherichia coli, the second place to Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusions. The etiological features of urinary tract infections with different topography of the inflammatory process of bacterial etiology determined by the authors must be taken into account in the treatment of this category of pregnant women.
Learners’ Misconceptions and Errors when Solving Inequalities
Authors: Mutodi Paul , Mosimege Mogege , Maphutha Kgaladi 
Published: September 2023

This study explored Grade 12 learners’ misconceptions and errors when solving inequalities. A test on Inequalities was administered to a randomly selected sample of 50 Grade 12 learners in Sekhukhune District, South Africa. A rubric was used to guide the assessment and scoring of learners’ scripts. Ten (10) learners were purposively selected based their test responses for interviews to explain their errors, misconceptions and reasoning. Results indicated that learners’ errors are due to misunderstandings from prior learning and insufficient mathematical content knowledge. Misconceptions and errors recorded from learners’ work include: learners solved inequalities as equations, treated inequality signs as an equal sign, and multiplying both sides of inequalities involving fractions by a variable. Learners had challenges in presenting solutions of inequalities using graphical and number lines. The study recommends that teachers should make an effort to understand learners’ thought processes and use this understanding to anticipate learners’ misconceptions and errors and prescribe remediation corrective strategies.
Assessment of rheumatoid arthritis and associated risk factors among patients attending Kibungo level two teaching hospital
Authors: Munezero Pierre Celestin , Mukiza Pacifique , Mutijima Jean Berchmas , Kankindi Janviere , Nshimiyimana Alexis , Ishimwe Alain Prudence , Tuyishime Jean de Dieu , Sinumvayo Jean Paul , Ndayambaje Francois Xavier , Ndacyayisenga Joseph 
Published: September 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints, but can affect other parts of the body causing inflammation, pain, stiffness, and joint damage. It affects approximately 1% of the global population. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and risk factors associated with rheumatoid arthritis among patients attending Kibungo level two teaching hospital. The retrospective study extracted data from January, 2018 to January 2023 and the cross-sectional part assessed risk factors associated to rheumatoid arthritis using questionnaire by telephone calls. Data collected were analyzed statistically using SPSS version 25. In this study the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis was 43.20%. Across sex, females were more affected than males (44.2% and 40.0%, respectively). Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between RA and risk factors. Age groups, C-Reactive Protein, red meat consumption showed significant association with RA (OR = 1.566, p = 0.008; OR = 1.299, p = 0.013; OR = 2.599, p < 0.001). The study was limited since it only included the participants at Kibungo Level two Teaching hospital, hence not having large population. Carrying out country wide studies regarding to the rheumatoid arthritis and associated risk factors on large population in order to establish epidemiologic data in Rwanda is highly recommended.
Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, risk factors, C-Reactive Protein, Rheumatoid Factor
Fecal carriage of extended spectrum beta-lactamase and fluoroquinolone resistant gene in non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica isolates from food-producing animals and humans
Authors: Nwosu Uchenna Ogbu , Ibiam Francis Amadi , Amadi-Ibiam Christiana Onyemaechi , Iroha Chidinma Stacy , Edemekong Christiana Inuaesiet , Peter Ikemesit Udeme , Iroha Ifeanyichukwu Romanus 
Published: September 2023

This study seeks to determine the feacal carriage of extended spectrum beta-lactamase and fluoroquinolone resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica isolates from food-producing animals and humans. A total of three hundred (300) fecal samples were collected using sterile universal containers from food-producing animals namely (Chicken [100], Pig [100] and humans (100) from Onicha Local Government Area of Ebonyi State and analyzed for the presence of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica using standard microbiological techniques. Phenotypic detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) were done by disc diffusion and Double Disk Synergy Test. Molecular characterization for ESBL and fluoroquinolone-resistant genes were done by PCR with specific primers. The result shows that non-typhoidal Salmonella species (NTS) accounted for 25 % and 17 % in poultry and pig fecal sample respectively while 60 % and 40% were phenotypic ESBL producers respectively. When compared statistically there is significant difference among isolates confirmed ESBL-positive (P˂ 0.05). Also, none of the 16 (58 %) NTS isolated from humans harbored ESBL phenotype. PCR analysis with β-lactam specific primer detected the presence of blaOXA 50 % and 50 %, blaSHV 36 %, and 64 %, blaTEM 43 % and 57 %, blaCTX-M 36 % and 64 % in poultry and pig respectively. Fluoroquinolone resistant gene QnrA was present in 0 and 100 % of poultry and pig respectively. QnrB was 40 % and 60 % in poultry and pig isolates respectively. QnrS was present in 64 % isolates of poultry and 13 % isolates in pig. The high prevalence of genes encoding beta-lactamases and fluoroquinolone resistance (TEM, SHV, CTX-M and OXA, (qnrA, qnrB and qnrS) were present more in poultry and pig than in humans and demonstrate a significant public health threat from consumption of food-producing animal harboring such pathogenic resistant genotype if not properly controlled.
Keywords: Extended spectrum beta-lactamase, Fluoroquinolone, non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica, feacal carriage
An Improved Cell Culture Process for Production of Omalizumab
Authors: Bhavsar Kaumil , Joshi Kasuhal , Patel Ghanshyam , Vaishnav Parth , Narayan Om , Sharma Abhishek , Katrodiya Hetal , Dave Vivek , Rawal Chandramauli 
Published: September 2023

The demand for biopharmaceutical products such as monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), fusion proteins, viral vaccines, and hormones is rapidly increasing. Mammalian cell cultures with ease of process operations are adopted to get the desired product. The challenges of low productivity and impurities in the desired product can be eliminated by optimizing the process parameters. The present study focuses on the optimization of temperature with other parameters to achieve improved titer and reduced heterogeneity in Omalizumab. An anti-IgE antibody expressed in mammalian cell culture. It is noticed that maintaining a specific temperature of 36.5° C ± 0.5 and pH 6.8± 0.1 during fed-batch cell culture provides improved quality (reduced galactosylation and reduced acidic variants) and quantity (improved titer) of the Omalizumab.
Keywords: antibody, omalizumab, mammalian cells, acidic variants
A study to assess the knowledge and practice regarding sanitation and hygiene among women in parts of Delhi, India
Authors: Khan Noman , Raza Rahat , Khan Rashidulla , Ahmed Farah , Urooj Shaista , Chishti Danish K 
Published: September 2023

Background: Poor hygienic practices, inadequate water supply, and poor sanitary conditions play a major role in the spread of infectious diseases. So, safe drinking water and basic sanitation is of crucial importance to the prevention of health problems.
Objects: To study the knowledge, attitude, and practices related to drinking water and sanitation facilities among the urban slum population of different areas of Delhi.
Design: Open label, observational, non-randomized, community-based study.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the knowledge of 297 females of different slum areas of Delhi regarding sanitation and hygiene, their attitude, and practices were collected using a previously validated questionnaire. The data obtained was analyzed on MS Office (Excel).
Major Outcome: Major Outcome: Findings of the study showed that 42% of the subjects had average knowledge and 75 % of the subjects followed unsafe practices on water, sanitation and hygiene.
Result: The study was conducted on 297 housewives having mean age as 34.14 years living mostly in joint family with 6000- 12000 monthly family income. 76.4% had toilet in their household but lack proper water disposal system.
Conclusion: Conclusion: The knowledge and practice on hygiene and sanitation among the households of slum areas of Delhi was found to be satisfactory. This study found significant association between knowledge, practice, age, education, occupation, family income per month. It was observed that young women had good knowledge however financial constrains rule the roast.
Keywords: Sanitation and hygiene; Knowledge; Attitude; Practices, WASH.
Formulation and Optimization of Matrix Tablets Based on Spirulina and Vitamin C
Authors: ASSANHOU Assogba Gabin , AGBOKPONTO Engelbert Janvier , GANFON Habib , KASSEHIN Urbain Comlan , GBESSINON Miguel , AHYI Virgile , YEMOA Loconon Y.  Achille , GBAGUIDI Fernand Ahokanou 
Published: September 2023

Spirulina is a type of algae widely consumed around the world as a dietary supplement due to its great nutritional potential. However, it does not contain vitamin C, a vital vitamin for the proper functioning of the human body, particularly given its immunostimulant potential. The objective of this work was to formulate sustained release spirulina–vitamin C matrix tablets that would enhance particularly a prolonged release and better absorption of vitamin C. A galenic formula based only on vitamin C was made, and then the proportion of vitamin C was reduced in favor of spirulina powder. The manufactured tablets were then subjected to various pharmacopeial quality control tests. The results of these tests showed a good distribution of the powder mixtures in the formulated tablets (i.e., mass uniformity test) and satisfactory outcomes were found for the content uniformity, disintegration and dissolution tests (with 45 % of vitamin C dissolved after 4 hours). Only the results for the friability test were unsatisfactory, indicating the need to improve the physical properties of the powders before compression. These findings open a new area for developing supplementary dietary.
Keywords: Spirulina, Vitamin C, Matrix tablet, Quality control.