bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full spectrum flow cytometry in the clinical laboratory
Authors: Brestoff Jonathan R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractContemporary full spectrum or “spectral” flow cytometry is a recently developed technology that allows for high‐dimensional flow cytometric analyses of cells and particles in suspension. This single‐cell technology has gained popularity in research settings because it can conservatively detect 35 or more antigens simultaneously in a single‐tube assay format. Recently, spectral flow cytometry has obtained regulatory approval for use as an in vitro diagnostic device in China and Europe, enabling use of this technology in some clinical flow cytometry laboratories. The purpose of this review is to describe the basic principles of conventional and spectral flow cytometry, contrasting these two technologies. To illustrate the analytic power of spectral flow cytometry, we provide an example of spectral flow cytometry data analyses and the use of a machine learning algorithm to harvest the vast amount of information contained within large spectral flow cytometry datasets. Finally, we discuss the advantages of spectral flow cytometry adoption in clinical laboratories and preliminary studies comparing the performance of this technology relative to conventional flow cytometers that are currently used in clinical laboratory environments.
Global increase of colorectal cancer in young adults over the last 30 years: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Wang Yichen , Huang Xiaoquan , Cheryala Mahesh , Aloysius Mark , Zheng Beishi , Yang Keming , Chen Bing , Fang Qianqian , Chowdary Sriram B. , Abougergi Marwan S. , Chen Shiyao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe US Preventive Services Task Force lowered the recommended starting age for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in average‐risk adults from 50 to 45 years. We aimed to estimate the global burden and trends of colorectal cancer in adults aged 20–49 years (early‐onset CRC).MethodsThis is an analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019). The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe the incidence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) of early CRC from 1990 to 2019. Data from 204 countries and geographic areas were available.ResultsThe global incidence rate of early‐onset CRC increased from 4.2/100 000 to 6.7/100 000 from 1990 to 2019. Mortality and DALYs of early‐onset CRC also increased. The CRC incidence rate increased faster in younger adults (1.6%) than in adults aged 50–74 years (0.6%) as measured by the annual percentage change. The increase in early‐onset CRC incidence was consistently observed in all five socio‐demographic index (SDI) regions and 190 out of 204 countries and territories. Middle and high‐middle SDI regions had faster annual increases in early‐onset CRC, which warrants further attention.ConclusionsThe global incidence, mortality, and DALYs of early‐onset CRC increased from 1990 to 2019. The increase in early‐onset CRC incidence was prevalent worldwide. Several countries were found to have higher incidence rates than the United States or fast increase in early‐onset CRC, which warrants further attention.
Parental enriched environment: A look through key temporary windows
Authors: Mir Franco R. , Renard Georgina M. , Rivarola Maria Angélica 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEnvironmental enrichment is a widely used experimental manipulation that physically, cognitively and socially stimulates individuals. It has a great variety of long‐term effects at neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and behavioral level; however, the influence of parental environmental enrichment during gestation and pregestation on the development of the offspring and on the mother's behavior has been poorly explored. This article presents a review of the literature from the year 2000 about the effects of maternal and paternal environmental enrichment on the behavioral, endocrine, and neural systems of offspring and parents. Relevant research terms were searched for on the biomedical databases, PubMed, Medline, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The data suggest that paternal/maternal environmental enrichment can profoundly affect the developmental trajectories of offspring through putative epigenetic mechanisms. Environmental enrichment presents as a promising therapeutic tool for human health interventions, especially to counteract the deleterious effects of impoverished and adverse growing conditions.
Premorbid cognitive functioning influences differences between self‐reported cognitive difficulties and cognitive assessment in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Stein Clara , O'Keeffe Fiadhnait , McManus Caoimhe , Tubridy Niall , Gaughan Maria , McGuigan Christopher , Bramham Jessica 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCognitive difficulties are reported in up to 60% of people with MS (pwMS). There is often a discrepancy between self‐reported cognitive difficulties and performance on cognitive assessments. Some of this discrepancy can be explained by depression and fatigue. Pre‐MS cognitive abilities may be another important variable in explaining differences between self‐reported and assessed cognitive abilities. PwMS with high estimated premorbid cognitive functioning (ePCF) may notice cognitive difficulties in daily life whilst performing within the average range on cognitive assessments. We hypothesised that, taking into account depression and fatigue, ePCF would predict (1) differences between self‐reported and assessed cognitive abilities and (2) performance on cognitive assessments. We explored whether ePCF predicted (3) self‐reported cognitive difficulties. Eighty‐seven pwMS completed the Test of Premorbid Functioning (TOPF), the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS), self‐report measures of cognitive difficulty (MS Neuropsychological Questionnaire; MSNQ), fatigue (MS Fatigue Impact Scale; MFIS) and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS). Results revealed that, taking into account covariates, ePCF predicted (1) differences between self‐reported and assessed cognitive abilities, p < .001 (model explained 29.35% of variance), and (2) performance on cognitive assessments, p < .001 (model explained 46.00% of variance), but not (3) self‐reported cognitive difficulties, p = .545 (model explained 35.10% of variance). These results provide new and unique insights into predictors of the frequently observed discrepancy between self‐reported and assessed cognitive abilities for pwMS. These findings have important implications for clinical practice, including the importance of exploring premorbid factors in self‐reported experience of cognitive difficulties.
Taxes, risk taking, and financial stability
Authors: Kogler Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAfter the global financial crisis, the use of taxes to enhance financial stability received new attention. This paper analyzes the corrective role of taxes in banking and compares two instruments, namely, an allowance for corporate equity (ACE), which mitigates the debt bias in corporate taxation, and a Pigovian tax on bank debt (bank levy). We emphasize financial stability gains driven by lower bank asset risk and develop a principal‐agent model, in which risk taking depends on the bank's capital structure and, by extension, on the tax treatment of debt and equity. We find that (i) the ACE unambiguously reduces risk taking, (ii) bank levies reduce risk taking if they are independent of bank performance but may be counterproductive otherwise, and (iii) taxes are especially effective if regulatory capital requirements are constrained to low levels.
Circular RNA hsa_circ_0084054 promotes the progression of periodontitis with diabetes via the miR‐508‐3p/PTEN axis
Authors: He Linlin , Liu Chengcheng , Liu Yiying , Cheng Guoping , Zhang Ping , Guo Shujuan , Ding Yi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveDiabetes is an important risk factor for periodontitis, and circular RNA (circRNA) may play an important role in aggravating inflammation and accelerating disease progression by regulating miRNA/mRNA. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of the hsa_circ_0084054/miR‐508‐3p/PTEN axis in the progression of periodontitis with diabetes.MethodsFirst, circRNA sequencing was used to screen the differentially expressed circRNAs of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) treated with high glucose and/or Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro, and the overtly differentially expressed hsa_circ_0084054 was selected and was also verified in periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue from periodontitis patients with diabetes. Then, its ring structure was tested by Sanger sequencing, RNase R, and actinomycin D assays. The bioinformatics analysis, dual luciferase reporter assay, and RIP assay were used to explore the interaction of hsa_circ_0084054/miR‐508‐3p/PTEN axis, whose effects on inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of PDLCs were evaluated through the measurement of inflammatory factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and Annexin V/PI assay.ResultsBy high‐throughput sequencing, it was found that hsa_circ_0084054 was significantly increased in HG + LPS group compared with control group and LPS group, which was also verified in periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue from periodontitis patients with diabetes. Silencing hsa_circ_0084054 in PDLCs decreased the expression of inflammatory factors (IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α), the levels of ROS and MDA, and the proportion of apoptotic cells; conversely, SOD activity was enhanced. In addition, we found that hsa_circ_0084054 could up‐regulate the expression of PTEN through sponge miR‐508‐3p to inhibit AKT phosphorylation, finally trigger the aggravation of oxidative stress and inflammation in periodontitis patients with diabetes.Conclusionhsa_circ_0084054 can aggravate inflammation and promote the progression of periodontitis with diabetes by regulating miR‐508‐3p/PTEN signaling axis, which may serve as a new target for the intervention of periodontitis with diabetes.
A machine‐learning approach for decision support and risk stratification of pediatric perioperative patients based on the APRICOT dataset
Authors: Gray Geoffrey M. , Ahumada Luis M. , Rehman Mohamed A. , Varughese Anna , Fernandez Allison M. , Fackler James , Yates Hannah M. , Habre Walid , Disma Nicola , Lonsdale Hannah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPediatric anesthesia has evolved to a high level of patient safety, yet a small chance remains for serious perioperative complications, even in those traditionally considered at low risk. In practice, prediction of at‐risk patients currently relies on the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA‐PS) score, despite reported inconsistencies with this method.AimsThe goal of this study was to develop predictive models that can classify children as low risk for anesthesia at the time of surgical booking and after anesthetic assessment on the procedure day.MethodsOur dataset was derived from APRICOT, a prospective observational cohort study conducted by 261 European institutions in 2014 and 2015. We included only the first procedure, ASA‐PS classification I to III, and perioperative adverse events not classified as drug errors, reducing the total number of records to 30 325 with an adverse event rate of 4.43%. From this dataset, a stratified train:test split of 70:30 was used to develop predictive machine learning algorithms that could identify children in ASA‐PS class I to III at low risk for severe perioperative critical events that included respiratory, cardiac, allergic, and neurological complications.ResultsOur selected models achieved accuracies of >0.9, areas under the receiver operating curve of 0.6–0.7, and negative predictive values >95%. Gradient boosting models were the best performing for both the booking phase and the day‐of‐surgery phase.ConclusionsThis work demonstrates that prediction of patients at low risk of critical PAEs can be made on an individual, rather than population‐based, level by using machine learning. Our approach yielded two models that accommodate wide clinical variability and, with further development, are potentially generalizable to many surgical centers.
Nanoscale simulation of the thylakoid membrane response to extreme temperatures
Authors: Kulke Martin , Weraduwage Sarathi M. , Sharkey Thomas D. , Vermaas Josh V. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe thylakoid membrane is in a temperature‐sensitive equilibrium that shifts repeatedly during the life cycle in response to ambient temperature or solar irradiance. Plants respond to seasonal temperature variation by changing their thylakoid lipid composition, while a more rapid mechanism for short‐term heat exposure is required. The emission of the small organic molecule isoprene has been postulated as one such possible rapid mechanism. The protective mechanism of isoprene is unknown, but some plants emit isoprene at high temperature. We investigate the dynamics and structure for lipids within a thylakoid membrane across temperatures and varied isoprene content using classical molecular dynamics simulations. The results are compared with experimental findings for temperature‐dependent changes in the lipid composition and shape of thylakoids. The surface area, volume, and flexibility of the membrane, as well as the lipid diffusion, increase with temperature, while the membrane thickness decreases. Saturated thylakoid 34:3 glycolipids derived from eukaryotic synthesis pathways exhibit altered dynamics relative to lipids from prokaryotic synthesis paths, which could explain the upregulation of specific lipid synthesis pathways at different temperatures. Increasing isoprene concentration was not observed to have a significant thermoprotective effect on the thylakoid membranes, and that isoprene readily permeated the membrane models tested.
Genome characterization of Iranian sophora yellow stunt virus isolates and construction of infectious clones
Authors: Esmaeili Maryam , Heydarnejad Jahangir , Hasanvand Vahid , Massumi Hossain , Kvarnheden Anders , Varsani Arvind 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSophora yellow stunt virus is a species of the genus Nanovirus. Sophora yellow stunt virus (SYSV) has a wide geographical distribution in Iran. In the current study, SYSV was identified from Kerman province (south‐eastern Iran) in five symptomatic aromatic herbs that are commonly used in the Iranian diet: parsley, dill, fenugreek, mint and basil. These infections were detected using either a PCR assay or high‐throughput sequencing. Eight circular single‐stranded DNA genomic components of five SYSV isolates as well as a new sophora isolate from south‐western Iran were PCR amplified, sequenced and characterized. Sequence analysis of SYSV genomic components showed that the Iranian isolates shared nucleotide identities of 64%–100% with each other and 63%–93% with an isolate from China. DNA‐Rs and DNA‐Cs were found to be the most diverse components relative to the others. Furthermore, associated alphasatellite molecules with the basil sample shared nucleotide identities of 80.7%–99.9% with the counterpart alphasatellite molecules in GenBank. Infectious clones for the genomic DNAs of SYSV were constructed using head‐to‐tail dimeric or partial dimeric inserts. The pathogenesis of SYSV was demonstrated by inoculation with the infectious DNA clones that induced typical symptoms in five plant species. Given the wide distribution of SYSV and its common host (Sophora alopecuroides) throughout Iran, as well as detection of the virus in plants of four families (Fabaceae, Apiaceae, Lamiaceae and Nitrariaceae), this virus is of economic importance within leguminous crops and in production of aromatic herbs in Iran.
Language is a Source of Grounding and a Mode of Action
Authors: Dove Guy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractKemmerer argues that grounded cognition explains how language‐specific semantic structures can influence nonlinguistic cognition. In this commentary, I argue that his proposal fails to fully consider the possibility that language itself can serve as a source of grounding. Our concepts are not merely shaped by a disembodied language system; they emerge in the context of linguistic experience and action. This inclusive approach to grounded cognition offers an expanded conception of the phenomena associated with linguistic relativity. I provide empirical and theoretical reasons to adopt this theoretical perspective.
Development of Multibundle Virtual Ligaments to Simulate Knee Mechanics After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Vakili Samira , Lanting Brent , Getgood Alan , Willing Ryan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Preclinical evaluation of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) components is essential to understanding their mechanical behavior and developing strategies for improving joint stability. While preclinical testing of TKA components has been useful in quantifying their effectiveness, such testing can be criticized for lacking clinical relevance, as the important contributions of surrounding soft tissues are either neglected or greatly simplified. The purpose of our study was to develop and determine if subject-specific virtual ligaments reproduce a similar behavior as native ligaments surrounding TKA joints. Six TKA knees were mounted to a motion simulator. Each was subjected to tests of anterior–posterior (AP), internal–external (IE), and varus–valgus (VV) laxity. The forces transmitted through major ligaments were measured using a sequential resection technique. By tuning the measured ligament forces and elongations to a generic nonlinear elastic ligament model, virtual ligaments were designed and used to simulate the soft tissue envelope around isolated TKA components. The average root-mean-square error (RMSE) between the laxity results of TKA joints with native versus virtual ligaments was 3.5 ± 1.8 mm during AP translation, 7.5 ± 4.2 deg during IE rotations, and 2.0 ± 1.2 deg during VV rotations. Interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) indicated a good level of reliability for AP and IE laxity (0.85 and 0.84). To conclude, the advancement of virtual ligament envelopes as a more realistic representation of soft tissue constraint around TKA joints is a valuable approach for obtaining clinically relevant kinematics when testing TKA components on joint motion simulators.
Modeling Variation in Multi-Station Compliant Assembly Using Parametric Space Envelope
Authors: Luo Chen , Nie Jiaqi , Franciosa Pasquale , Ceglarek Dariusz 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Compliant parts have different characteristics from rigid parts and are used frequently in industries. One of the biggest challenges facing by industries is geometric variation management of these compliant parts which can directly impact product quality and functionality. Existing rigid body-based variation modeling approaches are not suitable for compliant assembly while finite element analysis-based methods have the disadvantages of requiring heavy computation efforts and detailed design information which is unavailable during preliminary design phase. Hence, this paper proposes a novel geometric variation propagation model of multi-station compliant assembly based on parametric space envelope. Three sources of variation: location-led positional variation, assembly deformation-induced variation, and station transition caused variation are analyzed. In this study, geometric variations are modeled indirectly through control points of constructed variation tool. Compared with existing methods where geometric variation is modeled by tracking key feature points on the manufacturing part, the proposed approach brings unique benefits. It can deal with arbitrary complex compliant part, and it provides a unified modeling framework for different types of variation. The method is illustrated and verified through a two-station three parts case study on a multi-station compliant panel assembly. The proposed method provides industries with a new way to manage geometric variation from compliant assembly.
Compliant Joints Utilizing the Principle of Closed Form Pressure Balancing
Authors: Sonneveld Dave D. , Nijssen Joep P.A. , van Ostayen Ron A.J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Compliant joints have significant advantages compared to rigid-body hinges due to a monolithic design and the absence of friction, which prevents effects like wear, backlash, and stick-slip behavior. However, the loading capability is often limited and the support stiffness generally decreases during rotation. A new design principle called closed form pressure balancing has been proposed as a solution to improve these limitations. By using an incompressible fluid as the main compliant element, the support stiffness becomes independent of rotation and buckling no longer limits the loading capability. This work analyzes the fundamental working principle behind closed form pressure balancing and introduces a 2D design model to determine stiffness properties. The design model is validated with a finite element model and used to construct an optimization strategy for optimum joint performance. Additionally, a conversion model and some practical considerations are presented for the transition to a 3D design model.
Robust Optimization of UOE Forming Process Considering Inhomogeneity of Material Properties
Authors: Zou Tianxia , Zhang Zhiheng , Tang Weiqin , Li Dayong , Peng Yinghong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The properties inhomogeneity of steel plates will result in uncertainty of forming quality of large diameter UOE oil pipes and increase the risk of pipeline failure. In this paper, a robust design method for UOE forming process based on support vector machine and sequential response surface modeling and considering the variation of steel plates′ properties is proposed. A hundred of mechanical experiments are first carried out and the variation of X80 steel's properties is statistically evaluated. The varied properties are assigned to partitioned steel segments and taken as the noise factor in process design. The ovality of the UOE pipe is employed as the optimization objective, and the forming quality indicators including convex amount, mean outside diameter, yield strengths and Ys/Uts7, O-forming gap, the width of the U-shaped plate, inclined angle of straight arm of the U-shaped plate, etc., are taken as the constraints. Based on the semi-analytical computation of C-, U- and O-forming processes and finite element simulation of expanding process, a sequential response surface model is established by using the support vector machine method. Finally, a Monte Carlo sampling is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared to conventional optimization method, the robust optimization performs obviously better in reducing the ovality and increasing the robustness of UOE forming process.
Dyspnoea in a patient with biopsy-proven pulmonary sarcoidosis: the challenges in diagnosing cardiac sarcoidosis
Authors: Chen Amanda Yin-Chieh , Halani Sheliza , Shah Rupal 
Published: May 2023

A man in his 60s with biopsy-proven pulmonary sarcoidosis, not on treatment, presented with 6 weeks of dyspnea to the emergency department. ECG showed first-degree atrioventricular block and CT thorax demonstrated progressive pulmonary sarcoidosis with new multifocal consolidation. Antibiotics were initiated.A brain natriuretic peptide was elevated at 2024 ng/L and echocardiogram showed global left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Coronary angiogram revealed normal coronary arteries, and cardiac positron emission tomography and MRI demonstrated patterns compatible with cardiac sarcoidosis. The patient significantly improved with diuresis; he was started on prednisone, methotrexate and standard heart failure therapies.We outline the difficulties of attributing cardiac causes of dyspnoea in a patient with known pulmonary sarcoidosis given the rarity of cardiac involvement. We review proposed diagnostic criteria for cardiac sarcoidosis using enhanced imaging techniques without requiring invasive myocardial biopsy. This case discussion also highlights nuances in managing cardiac sarcoidosis based on the best available evidence and expert consensus.