bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The European freshwater landscape and hotspot areas of mass effects and regional connectivity
Authors: Cunillera‐Montcusí David , Bou Jordi , Mehner Thomas , Brucet Sandra , Arim Matías , Borthagaray Ana I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThe maintenance of broad‐scale connectivity patterns is suggested as a sustainable strategy for biodiversity preservation. However, explicit approaches for quantifying the functional role of different areas in biogeographic connectivity have been elusive. Freshwaters are spatially structured ecosystems critically endangered because of human activities and global change, demanding connectivity‐based approaches for their conservation. Mass effects—the increase in local diversity by immigration—and corridor effects—the connections with distant communities—are basic and relevant mechanisms connecting diversity with landscape configuration. Here, we identified freshwater hotspots areas for mass and corridor effects across Europe.LocationEurope.MethodsUsing satellite images, we quantified the areas of ephemeral, temporal and permanent freshwaters. The landscape structure of the freshwater ecoregions was represented as a directed‐graph, and the link weights were determined by the distance between cells and the water cover. Three centrality metrics were used to rank freshwater areas with respect to their potential role in dispersal‐mediated mechanisms. Out‐degree represents the potential of an area to operate as a diversity source to other regions. In‐degree reflects the importance that incoming dispersal may have in local diversity. Betweenness refers to the importance of local areas for connecting other distant areas.ResultsWe detected great concentrations of source hotspots on the northern regions associated to lentic ecosystems, main European rivers acting as ecological corridors for all freshwaters, and a mixed distribution of connectivity hotspots in southern and Mediterranean ecoregions, associated with lentic and/or lotic systems.Main ConclusionsWe showed an explicit connection between landscape structure and dispersal process at large geographic scales, highlighting hotspots of connectivity for the European waterscape. The spatial distribution of hotspots points to differences in landscape configurations potentially accounting for biogeographic diversity patterns and for mechanisms that have to be considered in conservation planning.
Inequalities in the management of diabetic kidney disease in UK primary care: A cross‐sectional analysis of a large primary care database
Authors: Phillips Katherine , Hazlehurst Jonathan M. , Sheppard Christelle , Bellary Srikanth , Hanif Wasim , Karamat Muhammad Ali , Crowe Francesca L. , Stone Anna , Thomas G. Neil , Peracha Javeria , Fenton Anthony , Sainsbury Christopher , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Dasgupta Indranil 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsTo determine differences in the management of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) relevant to patient sex, ethnicity and socio‐economic group in UK primary care.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis as of January 1, 2019 was undertaken using the IQVIA Medical Research Data dataset, to determine the proportion of people with DKD managed in accordance with national guidelines, stratified by demographics. Robust Poisson regression models were used to calculate adjusted risk ratios (aRR) adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity and social deprivation.ResultsOf the 2.3 million participants, 161,278 had type 1 or 2 diabetes, of which 32,905 had DKD. Of people with DKD, 60% had albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) measured, 64% achieved blood pressure (BP, <140/90 mmHg) target, 58% achieved glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c, <58 mmol/mol) target, 68% prescribed renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitor in the previous year. Compared to men, women were less likely to have creatinine: aRR 0.99 (95% CI 0.98–0.99), ACR: aRR 0.94 (0.92–0.96), BP: aRR 0.98 (0.97–0.99), HbA1c: aRR 0.99 (0.98–0.99) and serum cholesterol: aRR 0.97 (0.96–0.98) measured; achieve BP: aRR 0.95 (0.94–0.98) or total cholesterol (<5 mmol/L) targets: aRR 0.86 (0.84–0.87); or be prescribed RAAS inhibitors: aRR 0.92 (0.90–0.94) or statins: aRR 0.94 (0.92–0.95). Compared to the least deprived areas, people from the most deprived areas were less likely to have BP measurements: aRR 0.98 (0.96–0.99); achieve BP: aRR 0.91 (0.8–0.95) or HbA1c: aRR 0.88 (0.85–0.92) targets, or be prescribed RAAS inhibitors: aRR 0.91 (0.87–0.95). Compared to people of white ethnicity; those of black ethnicity were less likely to be prescribed statins aRR 0.91 (0.85–0.97).ConclusionsThere are unmet needs and inequalities in the management of DKD in the UK. Addressing these could reduce the increasing human and societal cost of managing DKD.
The lifetime health and economic burden of obesity in five European countries: what is the potential impact of prevention?
Authors: Hoogendoorn Martine , Galekop Milanne , van Baal Pieter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimEstimating the burden of obesity in five European countries (Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Spain and the UK) and the potential health benefits and changes in health care costs associated with a reduction in body mass index (BMI).Materials and MethodsA Markov model was used to estimate the long‐term burden of obesity. Health states were based on the occurrence of diabetes, ischaemic heart disease and stroke. Multiple registries and literature sources were used to derive the demographic, epidemiological and cost input parameters. For the base‐case analyses, the model was run for a starting cohort of healthy obese people with a BMI of 30 and 35 kg/m2 aged 40 years to estimate the lifetime impact of obesity and the impact of a one‐unit decrease in BMI. Different scenario and sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsThe base‐case analyses showed that total lifetime health care costs (for obese people aged 40 and BMI 35 kg/m2) ranged from €75 376 in Greece to €343 354 in the Netherlands, with life expectancies ranging from 37.9 years in Germany to 39.7 years in Spain. A one‐unit decrease in BMI showed gains in life expectancy ranging from 0.65 to 0.68 year and changes in total health care costs varying from −€1563 to +€4832.ConclusionsThe economic burden of obesity is substantial in the five countries. Decreasing BMI results in health gains, reductions in obesity‐related health care costs, but an increase in non‐obesity related health care costs, which emphasizes the relevance of including all costs in decision making on implementation of preventive interventions.
Trade agreements and subnational income of border regions
Authors: Adam Hanna L. , Larch Mario , Stadelmann David 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper analyses the differential effect of trade agreements on income per capita of subnational regions with international borders. We construct an extensive panel dataset covering 1350 regions in 86 countries worldwide between 1950 and 2017. Our results show that trade agreements are positively associated with income per capita of regions sharing contiguous borders with trading partners, relative to regions sharing borders with countries with whom no trade agreements exist. For border regions, the positive relationship of trade agreements and regional income roughly compensates potential income disadvantages of having international borders. These insights help in explaining and mitigating regional inequalities.
Factors influencing engagement in in‐person and remotely delivered lifestyle interventions for young adults with serious mental illness: A qualitative study
Authors: Browne Julia , Naslund John A. , Salwen‐Deremer Jessica K. , Sarcione Carrie , Cabassa Leopoldo J. , Aschbrenner Kelly A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimYoung adults (ages 18–35) are underrepresented in lifestyle interventions for people with serious mental illness (SMI), such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and severe depression, and little is known about factors influencing their engagement in these programmes. This qualitative study examined factors affecting engagement amongst young adults with SMI who were enrolled in a lifestyle intervention trial at community mental health centres.MethodsSeventeen young adults with SMI participated in this qualitative study. Participants were drawn from a 12‐month randomized controlled trial (n = 150) comparing an in‐person group lifestyle intervention augmented with mobile health technology (PeerFIT) to one‐on‐one personalized remote health coaching (BEAT) using purposive sampling. The 17 participants completed semi‐structured qualitative interviews at post‐intervention to explore their perceived benefits of the intervention and factors impacting engagement. We used a team‐based descriptive qualitative approach to code transcripts and identify themes in the data.ResultsParticipants across both interventions reported experiencing improved ability to engage in health behaviour change. Participants described managing psychosocial stressors and family and other responsibilities that limited their ability to attend in‐person PeerFIT sessions. The remote and flexible BEAT remote health coaching intervention appeared to facilitate engagement even in the context of challenging life circumstances.ConclusionsRemotely delivered lifestyle interventions can facilitate engagement amongst young adults with SMI navigating social stressors.
Large intestinal ganglioneuromatosis in a juvenile Arabian filly: Management and long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Hoerdemann Mona , Ait Nasr Imane , Westermann Thomas , Champion Chris P. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryAn 11‐month‐old Arabian filly was presented for chronic diarrhoea, ill‐thrift and intermittent colic. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed multifocal regions of marked colonic wall thickening. Exploratory laparotomy confirmed multifocal, multi‐sized nodular and segmental intramural mass‐like lesions affecting the right ventral and transverse colon, respectively. Locally extensive regions of mural thickening in the aborad transverse colon resulted in severe luminal restriction (<2.5 cm) and subsequent obstruction of the orad transverse and right dorsal colons with impacted feed material. The lesions were unresectable and full‐thickness biopsy samples were submitted for histopathological evaluation. The filly was subsequently diagnosed with transmural intestinal ganglioneuromatosis of the right ventral and transverse colons. The filly was successfully conservatively managed over a 24‐month follow‐up duration. Management consisted of long‐term dietary modifications in the form of a low‐bulk diet, as well as enteral laxatives and a tapering course of corticosteroids postoperatively. This is the first case of intestinal ganglioneuromatosis in veterinary literature that was (1) diagnosed in a juvenile horse, (2) successfully medically managed and (3) followed up for more than 12 months.
Price interconnection of fuel and food markets: Evidence from biodiesel in the United States
Authors: Tanaka Tetsuji , Guo Jin , Wang Xiufang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe food versus fuel issue has attracted considerable attention with the rapid growth of global biofuel production. The previous literature examining the interconnectedness between biofuel, fossil fuel and agricultural markets employed futures and spot prices. However, food security needs to be discussed with non‐financial market prices, such as wholesale prices, since retail companies and households usually do not purchase products directly from financial markets, which encompass speculative activities, making them more volatile than non‐financial ones. This paper focuses on non‐financial markets in the United States to investigate the price‐interconnection of biodiesel, highway diesel, crude oil, and soybean, initially applying partial wavelet coherence and the Diebold‐Yilmaz connectedness index to price transmission research on biodiesel, highway diesel, crude oil, and soybean. Our main results are as follows: First, significant coherence between biodiesel and soybean, biodiesel and highway diesel, and highway diesel and crude oil is identified in the short and long term. Second, crude oil and biodiesel prices are found to be net transmitters, while soybean and highway diesel prices are net receivers. Finally, the crude oil market is identified as the source of spillovers among the four markets, and strongly influences the highway diesel market.
Pathological overview of steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma in a surgical series
Authors: Trapani Loïc , Beaufrère Aurélie , Hobeika Christian , Codjia Tatiana , Albuquerque Miguel , Bouattour Mohamed , Lesurtel Mickael , Cauchy François , Paradis Valérie 
Published: May 2023

AimsAccording to the last WHO classification, steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma (SH‐HCC) is recognized as a distinct HCC subtype, even though a consensual definition is still lacking. The objectives of the study were to carefully describe the morphological features of SH‐HCC and evaluate its impact on prognosis.Methods and resultsWe conducted a single‐centre retrospective study including 297 surgically resected HCC. Pathological features including SH criteria (steatosis, ballooning, Mallory–Denk bodies, fibrosis, and inflammation) were assessed. SH‐HCC was defined by the presence of at least four of the five SH criteria and the SH component represented >50% of the tumour area. According to this definition, 39 (13%) HCC cases corresponded to SH‐HCC and 30 cases (10%) corresponded to HCC with an SH component (<50%). SH criteria in SH‐HCC and non–SH‐HCC were distributed as follows: ballooning (100% versus 11%), fibrosis (100% versus 81%), inflammation (100% versus 67%), steatosis (92% versus 8%), and Mallory–Denk bodies (74% versus 3%). Inflammation markers (c‐reactive protein [CRP] and serum amyloid A [SAA]) were significantly more expressed in SH‐HCC compared to non–SH‐HCC (82% versus 14%, P = <0.001). Five‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and 5‐year overall survival (OS) were similar for SH‐HCC and non–SH‐HCC (P = 0.413 and P = 0.866, respectively). The percentage of SH component does not impact OS and RFS.ConclusionWe confirm in a large cohort the relatively high prevalence (13%) of SH‐HCC. Ballooning is the most specific criteria for this subtype. The percentage of the SH component does not impact prognosis.
Trends in butterfly populations in UK gardens—New evidence from citizen science monitoring
Authors: Plummer Kate E. , Dadam Daria , Brereton Tom , Dennis Emily B. , Massimino Dario , Risely Kate , Siriwardena Gavin M. , Toms Mike P. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Private gardens are recognised as potentially important refugia for butterflies. Yet little is known about how gardens might be contributing to butterfly conservation, as their restricted accessibility has meant that garden habitats are not well‐represented in traditional monitoring schemes.
Garden BirdWatch (GBW) is the UK's largest structured bird survey, comprising over 25 years of weekly bird counts from more than 14,000 gardens, predominantly occupying suburban and rural locations. Since 2007, a subset of GBW participants have additionally recorded the weekly abundances of butterflies. Using data for 14 seasons (2007–2020) from 7971 gardens with consistent butterfly monitoring, we present the first garden‐specific, national trends for 22 widespread butterfly species (37% of all UK butterflies).
Half of the species investigated increased significantly in abundance in gardens between 2007 and 2020. Conversely, only one species, Wall (Lasiommata megera), showed a marginal reduction, though this change was not statistically significant.
A strong, positive association between these new, habitat‐focused trends and those for UK butterflies more broadly, previously reported by the UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (UKBMS), indicates that patterns of abundance in gardens are largely a reflection of the changes that are occurring nationally. However, butterflies do appear to be faring better in gardens compared to the wider landscape. Averaging trends across non‐migratory species revealed that GBW recorded significantly greater increases over time than UKBMS.
Effective monitoring of butterflies in gardens can produce reliable and informative population trends, and it provides important evidence of the significant role gardens play in sustaining butterfly populations.
HIGHWAYS AND GLOBALIZATION
Authors: Jaworski Taylor , Kitchens Carl , Nigai Sergey 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article quantifies the value of U.S. highways. We develop a multisector general equilibrium model with many locations in the United States (i.e., counties) and many countries. In the model, producers choose shipping routes subject to domestic and international trade costs, endogenous congestion, and port efficiency at international transshipment points. Applying the model, we find that removing the Interstate Highway System reduces real GDP by $421–$578 billion. The results highlight the gains from intersectoral and international trade as well as the role of domestic transportation infrastructure in shaping regional comparative advantage.
‘Tu Souffres, Cela Suffit’: Louis Pasteur's (1822–1895) inspirational motto for Sydney's St George Hospital
Authors: Toodayan Nadeem , Toodayan Zaheer , Sablatura‐Nagy Marika 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the fiscal year of 1960–1961, board members of Sydney's St George Hospital elected to adopt a new motto for the organisation: ‘Tu souffres, cela suffit’ – French for ‘You are suffering, that is enough’. Today these words are all too familiar to staff members and visitors to St George Hospital, but few are aware of their actual historical significance. Accessible histories of the hospital attribute the motto to the distinguished French microbiologist Louis Pasteur (1822–1895), but the original context of Pasteur's remark is not commonly stated. We set out to record the exact source and history of the hospital's motto alongside its logo, referencing in passing, Louis Pasteur's outstanding legacy to Australian medicine in this bicentenary year of his birth.
Lattice rigidity in high‐entropy carbide ceramics with carbon vacancies
Authors: Liu Ji‐Xuan , Guo Liwei , Wu Yue , Qin Yuan , Liang Yongcheng , Zhang Guo‐Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDue to the presence of core effects of high‐entropy materials, it is believed that the impact of carbon vacancy in high‐entropy carbides may differ from that of transition metal monocarbides. In this work, nonstoichiometric high‐entropy carbides (Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)C1−x (HEC1−x) with variable carbon vacancy concentration were fabricated by spark plasma sintering using powder mixtures of high‐entropy carbide and metallic powders. Compared with the corresponding monocarbides, the decline rates of lattice constant and elastic modulus were obviously slower as carbon vacancy concentration increased, indicating a more rigid crystalline lattice in the high‐entropy carbide. The valence electron number for HEC1−x ceramics with the highest hardness is 7.6, which is inconsistent with the theoretically predicted value of 8.4 for the traditional transition metal carbides. When the carbon vacancy concentration in HEC1−x ceramics is above 20%, the promoting effect of carbon vacancy on grain growth will outweigh the inhibiting effect of sluggish diffusion on grain growth, causing grains to grow quickly.
Medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw: A disease of significant importance for older patients
Authors: Boston Bridget , Ipe Deepak , Capitanescu Bogdan , Gresita Andrei , Hamlet Stephen , Love Robert , Hadjiargyrou Michael , Huang Chien‐Ling , Nusem Iulian , Miroiu Rodica Ileana , Popa‐Wagner Aurel , Warnke Patrick Hans‐Heinrich , Petcu Eugen Bogdan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMedication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is clinically defined as a non‐healing jawbone ulcerative‐necrotic lesion appearing after dental therapy or minor trauma in patients treated previously with anti‐resorptive, anti‐angiogenic or immunomodulators. Older patients with osteoporosis and cancer receive these pharmacological agents regularly. As these patients are long‐term survivors, efficient treatment is of paramount importance for their quality of life.MethodsLiterature searches via PubMed were conducted to identify relevant MRONJ studies. Basic information on MRONJ classification, clinical features, and pathosphysiology is presented herein as well as various clinical studies dealing with MRONJ in patients with osteoporosis and cancer. Lastly, we discuss current managment of patients and new trends in treatment of MRONJ.ResultsAlthough close follow‐up and local hygiene have been advocated by some authors, severe forms of MRONJ are not responsive to conservative therapy. At present, there is no “gold standard” therapy for this condition. However, as the physiopathological basis of MRONJ is represented by the anti‐angiogenic action of various pharmacological agents, new methods to increase and promote local angiogenesis and vascularization have recently been successfully tested in vitro, limited preclinical studies, and in a pilot clinical study.ConclusionsIt appears that the best method implies application on the lesion of endothelial progenitor cells as well as pro‐angiogenic factors such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and other related molecules. More recently, scaffolds in which these factors have been incorporated have shown positive results in limited trials. However, these studies must be replicated to include a large number of cases before any official therapeutic protocol is adopted.
Measuring Fear of Childbirth Among a Diverse Population in the United States: A Revised Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Scale (WDEQ‐10)
Authors: Roosevelt Lee , Zielinski Ruth , Seng Julia , Low Lisa Kane 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionThe current gold standard instrument used to measure fear of childbirth is the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (WDEQ). However, the existing scale is long, has translational challenges, and lacks data specific to experiences of a diverse population in the United States, making it challenging to assess how fear of childbirth impacts perinatal health care disparities. The objective of this study was to revise the WDEQ and analyze its reliability and validity for use in the United States.MethodsThe questionnaire was revised using qualitative data from a previously published study of fear of childbirth within a racially, ethnically, and economically diverse group of pregnant or postpartum people in the United States. Psychometric properties were analyzed in terms of construct validity, reliability, and factor analysis from a group of 329 participants.ResultsThe revised and shortened 10 item WDEQ‐10 comprises 3 subscales: fear of environmental factors, fear of death or injury, and fear of how they feel. The results indicate that the WDEQ‐10 demonstrates good reliability and validity and confirmed the multidimensionality of fear of childbirth through a 3‐factor solution.DiscussionThe WDEQ‐10 is a readable and accessible instrument that will allow health care providers and researchers to accurately measure complex components of how pregnant people experience fear of childbirth.