bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilising Machine Learning for Tool Condition Monitoring of Diamond-Coated Burrs with Acoustic Emission
Authors: Jessel Thomas Howard , Byrne Carl , Eaton Mark , Merrifield Ben , Harris Stuart , Pullin Rhys 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Within manufacturing there is a growing need for autonomous in-line Tool Condition Monitoring (TCM) systems with the ability to predict tool wear and failure. This need is only increased when using specialised tools such as Diamond-Coated Burrs (DCBs), in which the random nature of the tool and inconsistent manufacturing methods, create large variance in tool life. This unpredictable nature leads to a significant fraction of a DCB tools life being under-utilised. Acoustic Emission (AE) presents a possible inline monitoring technique which in conjunction with Machine Learning (ML) models could be used as a prediction method for DCB wear. Four wear life tests were conducted with a ø1.3 mm #1000 DCB, in which AE was continuously acquired during grinding passes, followed by surface measurements of the DCB. Three ML model architectures were trained on AE features to predict DCB mean radius, an indicator of overall tool wear. All architectures showed potential of learning from the dataset, with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models performing the best, resulting in prediction error of MSE = 0.559 μm2. Additionally, links between AE kurtosis and the tool’s runout/form error were identified during an initial review of the data, showing potential for future work to focus on grinding effectiveness as well as overall wear. This paper has shown that AE contains sufficient information to enable inline monitoring of DCBs during the grinding process. ML models have been shown to be sufficiently precise in predicting overall DCB wear and have the potential of interpreting grinding condition.
Real-time prediction of deposited bead width in L-DED using Semi-Supervised Transfer Learning
Authors: Mochi Victor Henzel , Núñez Henrique Hiram Libutti , Ribeiro Kandice Suane Barros , Venter Giuliana Sardi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Laser Directed Energy Deposition (L-DED) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technology that offers unique advantages for creating and repairing metallic parts. The quality of the final print is highly dependent on the consistency of the printing parameters, and as a result, the deposited bead geometry along the printing pathway. Inconsistencies, particularly in the bead width, can produce defects between adjacent beads, increasing the material susceptibility to failure. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor and predict the printing parameters in real-time during the process. The objective of this study is to develop a machine learning model that accurately predicts the width of the deposited track in real-time. To achieve this, a dataset with approximately 12,379 melt pool images was used to train the algorithm and predict the width of the deposited track. Each one of the deposited track was measured by a profilometer at 10 points along the pathway, and intermediate labels were predicted using a spline curve, making the model semi-supervised. To implement the machine learning model, pre-trained frozen networks based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) architectures VGG, ResNet, and DenseNet were employed, using transfer learning principles. These networks were integrated into a dense, fully connected network containing trainable parameters. The results demonstrate a good model fit, with a mean absolute error of 4.5% and a mean absolute error of 0.0358 mm. Moreover, the processing frequency of the best model, at 55 Hz, enables real-time control of the L-DED manufacturing process. It is important to highlight, however, that the VGG based model shows a frequency of 250 Hz and similar results. Thus, accurately predicting the width of the deposited bead has the potential to significantly improve the quality of the final part by reducing overall defects, such as lack of fusion and porosity, whenever this data is used as input to a feed-back control system. This is particularly valuable in industries where mechanical properties and fatigue life are critical, such as automotive, aerospace, and biomedical sectors. The models developed in this study offer a promising approach to effectively provide data to control the L-DED manufacturing process in real-time, enabling the reliable production of high-quality components associated with reduced manufacturing costs.
Flexural Capacity of Eco-Friendly Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Gerges Nagib N. , Issa Camille , Khalil Nariman J. , Khalek Lara Abdul , Abdo Serge , Abdulwahab Yehia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the construction industry, concrete is the most utilized building material. It is produced from different natural resources such as sand and gravel, as well as cement. The production of concrete is causing harm to the environment, yet its use became a necessity. To solve this humongous environmental challenge, many researchers devoted a considerable effort to partially replacing concrete mix components with waste material derived from glass, plastics, aluminum, wood ash, construction and demolition wastes, or tires. In the current study, a novel effort was conducted to incorporate all the above-mentioned wastes in a concrete mix design and to assess its performance. Five recycled mix designs were explored and based on the concrete mechanical properties derived, an optimum mix was realized. The optimum mix incorporated the following waste percentages: 2% crumb rubber (CR) partially replacing sand, 20% powdered glass (PG) partially replacing sand, 50% recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) partially replacing coarse aggregates, and the addition of 0.5% plastic. The optimum recycled mix was utilized to cast a real-life-size reinforced concrete beam which was compared to a normal mix beam.
Enhanced Spectral Resolution for Correlated Spectroscopic Imaging Using Inner-Product and Covariance Transform: A Pilot Analysis of Metabolites and Lipids in Breast Cancer In Vivo
Authors: Joy Ajin , Thomas Michael Albert 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Acquisition duration of correlated spectroscopy in vivo can be longer due to a large number of t1 increments along the indirect (F1) dimension. Limited number of t1 increments on the other hand leads to poor spectral resolution along F1. Covariance transformation (CT) instead of Fourier transform along t1 is an alternative way of increasing the resolution of the 2D COSY spectrum. Prospectively undersampled five-dimensional echo-planar correlated spectroscopic imaging (EP-COSI) data from ten malignant patients and ten healthy women were acquired and reconstructed using compressed sensing. The COSY spectrum at each voxel location was then generated using FFT, CT and a variant of CT called Inner Product (IP). Metabolite and lipid ratios were computed with respect to water from unsuppressed one-dimensional spectrum. The effects of t1-ridging artifacts commonly seen with FFT were not observed with CT/ IP. Statistically significant differences were observed in the fat cross peaks measured with CT/IP/FFT. Spectral resolution was increased ~ 8.5 times (~ 19.53Hz in FFT, ~ 2.32Hz in CT/ IP) without affecting the spectral width along F1 was possible with CT/ IP. CT and IP enabled substantially increased F1 resolution effectively with significant gain in scan time and reliable measure of unsaturation index as a biomarker for malignant breast cancer.
Karyotype analysis Chinese chive germplasms with different ploidy levels and their evolutionary relationships
Authors: Yao Peng-qiang , Chen Jian-Hua , Ma Pei-Fang , Xie Li-Hua , Shi Jiang , Cheng Shi-Ping 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Diploids, triploids and tetraploids were screened from the germplasm garden of Chinese chive in this study using flow cytometry and chromosome counting technologies. Their evolutionary status was analysed by karyotype comparison and microsporogenesis observation. Their relationships were determined and discussed. The karyotype formula of the diploids was 2n = 2x = 16 = 14m + 2sm (2SAT). The asymmetrical karyotype coefficient (As. K. C) was 57.02%, which indicates the 2A type. The karyotype formula of triploids was 2n = 3x= 24 = 18m + 6sm (2SAT), and the As. K. C was 57.49%, which indicates the 2A type. The karyotype formula of tetraploids was 2n = 4x = 32 = 26m + 4sm + 2st (2SAT), and the As. K. C was 57.80%, which indicates the 2A type. The karyotyping results suggested that the evolutionary status increased with increasing ploidy in Chinese chive. Abnormal chromosome synapsis and separation during microsporogenesis result in the formation of pollen of different sizes in triploids, suggesting that 2n gametes more easily form in triploids. Therefore, we speculate that tetraploids were formed by the combination of 2n gametes of a triploid and n gametes of a diploid. In this process, triploids are the most likely bridge for the formation of tetraploids in Chinese chive.
Life Cycle Assessment of a Direct Air Capture and Storage plant in Ireland
Authors: Casaban Daniel , Tsalaporta Elena 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Despite the efforts to transition to a low carbon economy, greenhouse gas emissions are rising and reaching critical levels. Carbon Dioxide Removals such as Direct Air Capture (DAC) are gaining the public attention in the last few years. This technology is essential to reduce the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere and meet the climate targets. DAC can be deployed at any place, yet certain studies are necessary as for example, a life cycle assessment (LCA) to prove its viability. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the construction of 1 MtCO2 plant in Ireland. The selected storage sites for this study were the gas fields at Kinsale and Corrib. Because of the small area of the island, the results showed that the country is a perfect candidate to scale up this emerging industry. With a reliable source of heat and electricity, the efficiency was only influenced by the construction of the pipeline section. The effect of the distances to the storage sites were significant in the present analysis. Counties near the gas fields are in an advantageous situation over other regions. During this study, we concluded Ireland has the potential to start its own DAC industry.
Effects of early postnatal gastric and colonic microbiota transplantation on piglet gut health
Authors: Larsen Christina , Offersen Simone Margaard , Brunse Anders , Pirolo Mattia , Kar Soumya Kanti , Guadabassi Luca , Thymann Thomas 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Diarrhea is a major cause of reduced growth and mortality in piglets during the suckling and weaning periods and poses a major threat to the global pig industry. Diarrhea and gut dysbiosis may in part be prevented via improved early postnatal microbial colonization of the gut. To secure better postnatal gut colonization, we hypothesized that transplantation of colonic or gastric content from healthy donors to newborn recipients would prevent diarrhea in the recipients until the post-weaning stage. Our objective was to examine the impact of transplanting colonic or gastric content on health and growth parameters and paraclinical parameters in recipient single-housed piglets exposed to a weaning transition and challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC).
Methods
Seventy-two 1-day-old piglets were randomized to four groups: colonic microbiota transplantation (CMT, n = 18), colonic content filtrate transplantation (CcFT, n = 18), gastric microbiota transplantation (GMT, n = 18), or saline (CON, n = 18). Inoculations were given on day two and three of life, and all piglets were milk-fed until weaning (day 20) and shortly after challenged with ETEC (day 24). We assessed growth, diarrhea prevalence, ETEC concentration, organ weight, blood parameters, small intestinal morphology and histology, gut mucosal function, and microbiota composition and diversity.
Results
Episodes of diarrhea were seen in all groups during both the milk- and the solid-feeding phase, possibly due to stress associated with single housing. However, CcFT showed lower diarrhea prevalence on days 22, 27, 28, and 29 compared to CON (all p < 0.05). CcFT also showed a lower ETEC prevalence on day 27 (p < 0.05). CMT showed a higher alpha diversity and a difference in beta diversity compared to CON (p < 0.05). Growth and other paraclinical endpoints were similar across groups.
Conclusion
In conclusion, only CcFT reduced ETEC-related post-weaning diarrhea. However, the protective effect was marginal, suggesting that higher doses, more effective modalities of administration, longer treatment periods, and better donor quality should be explored by future research to optimize the protective effects of transplantation.
Renal vein valves: A prevalence, microanatomical and histological study
Authors: Shekhawat Devendra , Chaiyamoon Arada , Cardona Juan J. , Lesser Emma , Iwanaga Joe , Loukas Marios , Killackey Mary T. , Tubbs R. Shane 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
In the modern era of robotic renal procedures and diagnostics, an even more detailed anatomical understanding than hitherto is necessary. Valves of the renal veins (RVV) have been underemphasized and have been disputed by some authors, and few textbooks describe them. The current anatomical study was performed to address such shortcomings in the literature.
Methods
One hundred renal veins were studied in fifty adult formalin-fixed cadavers. Renal veins were removed from the abdomen after sectioning them flush with their entrance to the renal hilum. The inferior vena cava was then incised longitudinally and opened, and RVV were examined grossly and histologically. A classification scheme was developed and applied to our findings.
Results
Nineteen RVVs were observed in the fifty cadavers (38%). Four (8%) valves were found on right sides and fifteen (30%) on left sides. The valves were seen as cord/band-like, folds, and single and double leaflets. Histologically, they were all extensions of the tunica intima.
Conclusion
On the basis of our study, RVV are not uncommon. They were more common on left sides, and on both sides, they were found within approximately one centimeter of the junction of the inferior vena cava and renal vein. Although the function of such valves cannot be inferred from this anatomical study, the structures of the TS2 and TS3 valves suggest they could prevent venous reflux from the IVC into the kidney.
A fast linearized virtual element method on graded meshes for nonlinear time fractional diffusion equations
Authors: GU QILING , CHEN YANPING , HUANG YUNQING 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we develop a fast linearized virtual element method (VEM) for the approximation of the nonlinear time fractional diffusion equations on polygonal meshes. The $L1$-scheme with graded meshes is used to deal with the non-smooth system, the Newton linearized method is adopted to handle the nonlinear term and VEM is employed to discrete the spatial variable. Then the error splitting approach is used to prove the unconditional optimal error estimate of the fully-discrete linearized L1-VEM scheme. In order to reduce the storageand computational cost caused by the nonlocality of the Caputo fractional operator, a fast memory-saving L1-VEM is developed. It is proved that the difference between the solution of the L1-VEM and the fast L1-VEM can be made arbitrarily small and is independently the sizes of the time and/or space grids. Finally, numerical results are implemented to verify the theoretical results.
Mathematics subject classification: 65M60, 65N30, 34K37, 65M15, 65M55
Molecular and serological detection of Epstein Barr virus from lymphoma patients in Ethiopia
Authors: Teshome Seifegebriel , Zealiyas Kidist , Abubeker Abdulaziz , Tadesse Fisihatsion , Balakrishna Jayalakshmi , Weigel Christoph , Ahmed Elshafa Hassan , Abebe Tamrat , Baiocchi Robert A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) is an oncogenic human herpes virus infecting most of the global population. EBV is linked to various lymphoid and epithelial malignancies. While the epidemiology of EBV-related lymphomas has been studied in North America, Europe, and Asia, there are no reports on the frequency of the virus in lymphoma patients in Ethiopia. Therefore, the study’s main goal was to determine the molecular and serological detection of EBV in patients diagnosed with different types of lymphoma in Ethiopia.
Methods: Viral DNA was extracted from formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks, polymorphonuclear cells, and fresh lymph node biopsy samples collected from 305 patients at Tikur Anbessa Hospital in Ethiopia. EBV Viral capsid antigen IgG antibody test was performed to assess the EBV serostatus. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using primers specific for the EBNA1 open reading frame was performed on all lymphoma cases.
Results: 31.6% and 69.4% of the study participants were HL and NHL patients, respectively. EBV DNA was detected in 99% of study participants through real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) and 96% serologically. 56.3% of the lymphoma patients had a higher EBV viral copy number (>10,000 EBV particles/ml). Higher EBV viral load was observed in 59.3% and 54.8% of HL and NHL patients, respectively. From the NHL types, DLBCL had the highest EBV viral load prevalence (67.6%), followed by Burkitt’s lymphoma (50%), CLL/small lymphocytic leukemia (44.9%), and follicular lymphoma (20%) specimens had viral loads >10,000. Differences between sample type and HIV status were significantly associated with a high EBV viral load. In contrast, age, gender and histologic lymphoma subtypes types were not significantly associated with higher EBV copy number.
Conclusion: This work shows a high EBV prevalence among lymphoma patients in Ethiopia and represents the first study in this field that can be utilized as a baseline for future studies. Further studies on viral epidemiology should be done throughout the country and across the region of horn of Africa.
The use and abuse of drought indicators in (paleo)climate research
Authors: Ionita Monica , Scholz Patrick , Nagavciuc Viorica 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Europe’s recent multi-year droughts have led to substantial socio-economic consequences, but understanding the severity and cause of these extreme events still poses a lot of challenges, Here we provide a detailed analysis of short-term and multi-year drought events in Europe, by employing three different long-term reconstructions/simulations for three different drought indicators (i.e., the Palmer Drought Severity Index – PDSI, the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index -SPEI and the Soil Moisture Index – SMI). When analyzing the year-to-year variability we found that the driest years, at the European level, in terms of magnitude and spatial extent, are different for the three indicators (i.e., PDSI – 1659, SPEI – 1738, and SMI – 1868). The same holds true if we look at multi-year extreme drought events. While PDSI indicates the decade 1941–1950 as the driest one over the last 600 years, both in magnitude and spatial coverage, SPEI has identified the decade 2011–2018 as the driest one on record. When looking at soil moisture multi-year droughts, SMI indicates that the decade 1781–1790 was the driest one on record followed by 2011–2018. At a more regional scale (i.e., the Mediterranean region - MED, Central Europe – CEU, and the northern part of Europe - NEU) the results are also divergent between the three drought indicators and the driest years/decades vary depending on the region/indicator. Based on these findings, we argue that one should be extremely careful when using a single (paleo)drought indicator to infer the extremeness of recent long-lasting drought events, each indicator having its own advantages and disadvantages and responding differently to the currently observed changes in the climate system.
A comparative study of the effect of various surface treatments on the fracture behavior of aluminum adhesive joints under mode I loading
Authors: Nazari Roohollah , Hatami Mohammad Mahdi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of different surface treatments on the fracture behavior of epoxy-aluminum joints under mode-I loading. Six surface treatments including degreasing, abrasion with varying grit sizes, alkaline etching, acid etching, a combination of alkaline and acid etching, and a combination of abrasion and acid etching were applied to aluminum surfaces before bonding. Surface morphology, roughness parameters, total surface free energy, contact angle, and elemental composition were analyzed. Results showed that the ultimate fracture load and fracture energy initially increased and then decreased with increasing surface roughness. The most effective treatments were found to be acidic etching in combination with alkaline etching and abrasion due to their synergetic effects. These treatments removed the natural oxide layer and created a porous oxide layer, enhancing surface roughness, increasing adhesive-substrate contact areas, and providing more sites for mechanical interlocking. Compared to control joints, significant improvements were observed, including a 40% and 31% increase in maximum fracture load, a 74% and 53% increase in initiation fracture energy, and a 65% and 47% increase in propagation fracture energy, respectively. Etching treatments demonstrated superior effects on the fracture behavior of aluminum adhesive joints compared to abrasion methods, leading to cohesive failure after etching treatments.
The initial clinical application of standard PCNL combined with visual needle nephroscope in the treatment of complex renal calculi
Authors: Yanne Engo Ovone , Yang Huan , Li Cong , Zhang Jiaqiao , Yu Xiao , Guo Xiaolin , Cui Lei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose: To present the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of an optimized treatment of complex renal calculi based on visual needle nephroscopy.
Methods: We collected data of 31 patients with complex kidney calculi, who underwent standard PCNL combined with visual needle nephroscope (“needle-perc”, Youcare@, Wuhan, China). The percutaneous nephroscopic working channel was established by visual needle nephroscope, and the primary channel was expanded to 20F to treat most of the main body of the calculi with a 550 μm holmium laser fiber. Visual needle nephroscope was used to locate the renal calyx where the residual calculi were located for precise puncture as a secondary channel, and the residual stones were treated by a 200 μm holmium laser fiber. Clinical data were collected, and intraoperative variables, postoperative complications and outcomes were assessed.
Results: All 31 patients successfully completed the operation without severe complications. The S.T.O.N.E. score of 31 patients before operation was 10.5±0.9 points and above, of which the N score was more than 2 points. The average operation time was (65.5±12.7) minutes, and the average hospital stay was (7.3±2.1) days. After operation, 1 patient developed a fever, which improved after symptomatic treatment by intravenous antibiotics. 2 patients had clinically significant residual fragments, and the stone-free rate of primary operation was 93.5% (29/31).
Conclusions: The optimized operation for the treatment of complex renal calculi based on standard PCNL combined with visual needle nephroscope has good feasibility, safety and effectiveness.