bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlling electrical circuit of electric motor on igbt transistors
Authors: Shishkin I. , Lushchin Sergii 
Published: July 2023

Purpose. Development and analysis of the operation of an electrical circuit for controlling a 700 W direct current electric motor using a contactor on IGBT transistors for operation in diesel locomotives.
Methodology. Analytical and computational methods for developing and analyzing the operation of an electrical circuit using a contactor on IGBT transistors.
Findings. An electrical circuit for controlling a 700 W DC motor using IGBT transistors was developed. The circuit allows you to replace electromagnetic contactors with IGBT transistors to improve the technical characteristics and performance of the electric motor. The use of IGBT transistors allows you to avoid burning of contact groups in comparison with an electromagnetic contactor. A graphical analysis of the transient processes during switching on and off of the electric motor using a circuit based on IGBT transistors was carried out. The analysis of the load characteristic of the electric motor at start-up shows that in the initial section the voltage increases according to a linear law. After the initial increase in voltage, it reaches the set value and the electric motor operates in the operating mode. The analysis of the load characteristics of the electric motor when it is turned off shows, that when the power is turned off, the motor can’t stop immediately, as the phenomenon of self-induction occurs. When the external voltage is turned off, its change on the electric motor occurs according to the exponential law. It is shown that for controlling the operation of the electric motor, it is more appropriate to use an electric circuit based on IGBT transistors, which provides conditions for more stable and safe operation of the electric motor. Using the electrical circuit allows you to find quickly malfunctions for their further elimination. The electrical circuit allows you to avoid physical wear of its electrical elements.
Originality. An electrical circuit for controlling an electric motor based on modern electronic components has been developed, which allows the use of IGBT transistors instead of electromagnetic contactors. On the basis of the analytical and calculation method and graphical analysis, the expediency of using IGBT transistors instead of electromagnetic contactors has been proven.
Practical value. The developed electrical circuit can be applied to control a 700 W direct current electric motor for operation in diesel locomotives. The proposed electrical circuit allows to increase the mobility of repairs in the event of a malfunction by replacing the corresponding unit.
CAVITATION TECHNOLOGY FOR INTENSIFICATION OF PLANT RAW MATERIALS EXTRACTION
Authors: Avdieieva L.Yu. , Makarenko A.A. , Turchyna T.Ya. , Dekusha H.V. , Коzаk М.М. 
Published: July 2023

Traditional technologies and equipment for extraction do not meet the needs of industrial production in the constant increase in the volume of finished products due to the low efficiency of extraction of target components, their high energy consumption and duration. This makes it relevant to search for modern, more effective technologies and equipment, the use of which will significantly increase overall production productivity, reduce overall specific energy consumption, improve the quality of the finished products and safety of processes for the environment. The paper analyzes and generalizes methods for intensifying extraction processes from plant materials. The most effective ways to intensify hydrodynamic processes include methods based on cavitation phenomena. Transformation and redistribution of energy, which occur during the formation and collapse of vapor bubbles due to the creation of a high difference in pressure, temperature, and potential, contribute to a significant increase in the efficiency of dynamic effects on complex heterogeneous systems during extraction. Cavitation technologies ensure ecological purity and safety of the process, make it possible to accelerate mass transfer processes, activate the extractant, obtain a high yield of biologically active substances (BAS) and maintain their properties. Acoustic and hydrodynamic cavitation are most commonly used. Modern research is conducted in search of new solutions to optimize technologies, as well as improvement of cavitation equipment. Examples of hydrodynamic cavitation devices of static and dynamic types are cylindrical and disk rotor-pulsation devices, valve-type high-pressure homogenizers, pulsating dispersers, centrifugal pumps and Venturi tubes. They are used to intensify the processes at the stages of preparation of plant raw materials, activation of the extractant, as well as the extraction itself. Static-type cavitation devices based on the Venturi tube have a number of advantages in terms of design, technological and economic solution.
FAKES, GOSSIP AND RUMORS AS A MEANS OF SOCIAL MISINFORMATION AND WEAKENING OF THE SAFETY COMPONENTS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE
Authors: B ANDRUSHKIV  , O VIVCHAR  , О POHAIDAK  
Published: July 2023

The purpose. The article is devoted to solving the problem of spreading gossip, rumor and fake as one of the tools of instilling the premonitions of a great anti-Ukrainian conspiracy in a hybrid war. Method. To solve this scientific problem the following methods were applied: the structural method; the method of comparative analysis of empirical data; the method of abstract-logical generalization. Results. Based on the analysis of literary sources and the existing experience of security work, problems with their prevention have been identified. The directions of strengthening and the development of national security in the conditions of social misinformation have been determined. Scientific novelty. The ways of increasing the effectiveness of security measures and preventing the negative influence of misinformation through the state ideological and educational and innovation-management factors have been proposed. Practical significance. The main provisions of the scientific article will provide an opportunity due to these factors, to ensure peace in society and the stable functioning of the national economy of Ukraine, which, in fact, can make them competitive in the conditions of the EU, since the research was carried out in the transformational post-totalitarian society.
Prognostic significance of growth hormone in pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Kurabekova R. M. , Silina O. V. , Tsirulnikova O. M. , Pashkova I. E. , Gichkun O. E. , Olefirenko G. A. , Oleshkevich S. Yu. , Monakhov A. R. , Shevchenko O. P. 
Published: July 2023

Growth hormone (GH) plays a leading role in the regulation of cell and tissue metabolism and growth. Its effects are mediated through the so-called somatomedins, among which the most important is the liver-produced insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF-1). It has been reported that serum GH levels in liver recipients is related to the clinical transplant outcomes.Objective: to evaluate the prognostic significance of GH in pediatric liver transplantation (LT).Materials and methods. The study enrolled 148 children (61 boys) aged 2 to 60 months (median, 8) with end-stage liver disease resulting from biliary atresia (n = 86), biliary hypoplasia (n = 14), Byler disease (n = 15), Alagille syndrome (n = 12), Caroli syndrome (n = 5), and other liver diseases (n = 16, cryptogenic cirrhosis, fulminant and autoimmune hepatitis, Crigler–Najjar and Budd–Chiari syndromes, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, glycogenosis and hepatoblastoma). All the patients were transplanted with the left lateral segment of the liver from a living related donor. GH concentrations were measured by enzyme immunoassay before, at one month and at one year after transplantation.Results. Median plasma GH levels in children with liver disease were 4.3 [1.6–7.2] ng/mL, significantly higher than in healthy children of the same age at 1.2 [0.3–2.4] ng/mL, p = 0.001, while mean height and body weight were lower than in healthy controls. GH levels decreased significantly after transplantation. At one month and one year later, the levels did not differ from those of healthy children (p = 0.74, p = 0.67, respectively). One month after transplantation, GH concentrations were lower in 1-year survivors than in non-survivors (p = 0.02); the diagnostically significant threshold GH level was 1.8 ng/mL. Prior to LT, plasma GH levels did not differ between 1-year survivors and non-survivors. Children with GH levels below 1.8 ng/mL post-LT were 9 times more likely to survive one year post-transplant than patients with levels above the threshold.Conclusion. GH concentrations in pediatric liver recipients is a positive prognostic indicator of pediatric LT outcomes.
Normothermic <i>ex vivo</i> lung perfusion using a developed solution followed by orthotopic left lung transplantation (experimental study)
Authors: Pashkov I. V. , Gautier S. V. , Bogdanov V. K. , Oleshkevich D. O. , Bondarenko D. M. , Mozheiko N. P. , Bunenkov N. S. , Grudinin N. V. 
Published: July 2023

The continued unavailability of adequate organs for transplantation to meet the existing demand has resulted in a major challenge in transplantology. This is especially felt in lung transplantation (LTx). LTx is the only effective method of treatment for patients with end-stage lung diseases. Normothermic ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) has been proposed to increase the number of donor organs suitable for transplant – EVLP has proven itself in a number of clinical trials. The ability to restore suboptimal donor lungs, previously considered unsuitable for transplantation, can improve organ functionality, and thus increase the number of lung transplants. However, widespread implementation of ex vivo perfusion is associated with high financial costs for consumables and perfusate.Objective: to test the developed solution on an ex vivo lung perfusion model, followed by orthotopic LT under experimental conditions.Materials and methods. The experiment included lung explantation stages, static hypothermic storage, EVLP and orthotopic left LTx. Perfusion was performed in a closed perfusion system. We used our own made human albumin-based perfusion solution as perfusate. Perfusion lasted for 2 hours, and evaluation was carried out every 30 minutes. In all cases, static hypothermic storage after perfusion lasted for 4 hours. The orthotopic single-lung transplantation procedure was performed using assisted circulation, supplemented by membrane oxygenation. Postoperative follow-up was 2 hours, after which the experimental animal was euthanized.Results. Respiratory index before lung explantation was 310 ± 40 mmHg. The PaO2/FiO2 ratio had positive growth dynamics throughout the entire EVLP procedure. Oxygenation index was 437 ± 25 mm Hg after 120 minutes of perfusion. Throughout the entire EVLP procedure, there was a steady decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Initial PVR was 300 ± 100 dyn×s/cm5; throughout the EVLP, PVR tended to fall, reaching 38,5 ± 12 dyn×s/cm5 at the end of perfusion.Conclusion. A safe and effective EVLP using our perfusate is possible. The developed orthotopic left lung transplantation protocol under circulatory support conditions, supplemented by membrane oxygenation, showed it is efficient and reliable.
Caminos de Minas: experiencias cartográficas a través del paisaje de Diamantina
Authors: Alves Patrícia Nogueira , Pifano Carolina Cardi , Pereira Ana Aparecida Barbosa 
Published: July 2023

El paisaje, una múltiple noción en sentidos y abordajes, puede ser aprehendido y compartido por estrategias metodológicas de énfasis del proceso de percepción sensible de este, como las prácticas cartográficas. El paisaje de Diamantina es tomado como objeto para un ejercicio cartográfico de elaboración de una narración textual. Este artículo objetiva abordar los estudios, producciones y análisis desarrollados en la investigación de iniciación científica intitulada “Caminhos de Minas: experiencias cartográficas a través del paisaje de Diamantina”, que fue propuesta por el Laboratório da Paisagem de la Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (LAPASA - FAU/UFJF), en colaboración con el Grupo de Educação Tutorial (GET) Arquitetura e Urbanismo. La investigación busca comprender el paisaje de Diamantina a través de la documentación textual e iconográfica de Lucio Costa cobre el viaje de estudio realizado en 1924 y crear categorías de análisis sobre la narrativa del paisaje estudiado, además de producir una narrativa textual a partir de la experiencia de la investigadora en viaje de estudio a la ciudad. Esta última relaciona los dos informes mencionados, destacando la dimensión sensible investigada.
Surface faulting of the 1954 Fairview Peak (MS7.2) and Dixie Valley (MS6.8) earthquakes, central Nevada
Authors: Caskey S. J. , Wesnousky S. G. , Zhang P. , Slemmons D. B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe 1954 Fairview Peak earthquake was followed 4 min and 20 sec later by the Dixie Valley earthquake. Surface ruptures were distributed among six different faults that define a complex north-trending zone 100-km long and over 15-km wide. The rupture sequence progressed from south to north. The initial event produced a 32 km rupture of right-oblique slip along the east-dipping Fairview fault where the components of right-lateral offset and vertical separation reached 2.9 and 3.8 m, respectively. The northernmost ruptures occurred during the subsequent event along a 46-km portion of the east-dipping Dixie Valley fault where the sense of slip was normal and reached a maximum vertical separation of 2.8 m. Average surface offset for both events is about 1.2 m. The west-dipping West Gate, Louderback Mountains, and Gold King faults also ruptured during the earthquake sequence. These faults form a complex structural linkage within a 15-km left-step that separates the surface traces of the Fairview and Dixie Valley faults. The west-dipping faults likely played an important role in the redistribution of static stress from the Fairview Peak earthquake and subsequent triggering of the Dixie Valley earthquake. Right-lateral offsets of more than a meter occurred along both the West Gate and Louder-back Mountains faults. Slip was limited to normal motion of 1 m or less along the Gold King fault. The change from right-oblique motion along the Fairview fault to pure normal motion on the Dixie Valley fault may reflect the transition from principally northwest extension in the south to more westerly extension in the north. Alternatively, slip at the latitude of the Dixie Valley fault may be partitioned between pure normal slip along the Dixie Valley fault and strike-slip motion on faults immediately to the west. Observations of fault dip provide insight to the complex three-dimensional geometry of the rupture sequence. Of particular note, a significant section of the Dixie Valley fault appears to be characterized by dip angles as low as 25° at the surface. Slip variation or earthquake endpoints do not generally appear to have been influenced by changes in bedrock type. We do not observe systematic relations between slip variation and aspects of fault-trace geometry, such as salients and reentrants. Yet, the relative competence of footwall bedrock appears to have influenced the long-term development of large salients and reentrants along both the Dixie Valley and the Fairview faults, as well as the style of rupture along the southern portion of the Dixie Valley fault.
A Prospective Study of Injection Drug Use and Jail Readmission in Two Western North Carolina Counties
Authors: Johnston Hartlee , Kopak Albert M. 
Published: July 2023

Background Injection drug use among people admitted to rural jails has significant implications for both infectious disease transmission and incarceration patterns. This study examines the relationship between injection drug use, jail readmission, and detention duration to inform interventions designed specifically for this understudied correctional setting. Methods The Comprehensive Addiction and Psychological Evaluation-5 (CAAPE-5) was administered to a random sample of adults admitted to two county detention centers in Western North Carolina. Data regarding readmission and the length of detention were obtained for the 12-month study period. Results Participants included 420 adults, aged 18–66 years. Nearly three-quarters (70.9%) met criteria for at least one substance use disorder (SUD) and almost half (45.7%) met criteria for multiple SUDs. Approximately half (45.2%) reported injecting drugs, with the majority (71.6%) reporting injecting methamphetamine, followed by 51.1% who injected opioids. People who injected drugs were 1.83 times more likely (95% CI = 1.17–2.87) than those who did not inject to be admitted on multiple occasions and also spent a significantly longer amount of time detained (IRR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.02–1.77) during the 12-month follow-up period. Limitations The study was limited to jails in two counties and injection-related factors may vary from other facilities. Conclusions The association between drug injection and longer detention periods presents an opportunity to engage people with infectious disease screening and substance use services in jails. Connection to stable primary and behavioral health care after release is a high priority in enhancing community health.
A study on pattern of skull fractures due to head injury
Authors: H. Vittala , Chittibabu  
Published: July 2023

Background: Skull fractures are very serious type of trauma occurring in 15% of severe head injuries, and there is a consistent association between the presence of cranial fracture and a higher incidence of intracranial lesions, neurological deficit, and poor outcome. Objectives were to study the various patterns of skull fractures and associated intracranial injuries.
Methods: A prospective case series study of 50 patients with skull fractures due to head injury was selected from December 2021 to December 2022 at Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Mangalore. Out of the 50 cases, the majority were found to be co-existing with intracranial injuries, but few cases showed the presence of skull fractures alone. Among the selected patients, the clinical profile, and radiological profile was undertaken. Appropriate descriptive statistics were used to analyze the findings and to draw inferences.
Results: There were 34 males and 16 females. Maximum cases were found in the age group of 31-40 years. The common cause of fracture was road traffic accident (70%) followed by assault (22%); Of the various skull fractures, linear fracture (66%) was the commonest type followed by comminuted fracture and then by depressed fracture. Common associated injuries were extradural hematoma (42%) EDH followed by intracerebral contusion (32%).
Conclusions: Common causes of skull fractures are Road Traffic Accidents, assault by blunt weapons and falls from height. The commonest age group affected is 31-40 years. Skull fractures may or may not be associated with intracranial injuries.
Antigen-Based Diagnosis of Human Giardiasis: A Systematic Re-view and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pouryousef Ali , Fararouei Mohammad , Sarkari Bahador 
Published: July 2023

Background: We aimed to present a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that used antigen-based assays for the diagnosis of human giardiasis.
Methods: All the related published literature cited within PubMed, ISI web of science, Google Scholar, Embase, and Scopus, were searched up to December 2021. The search terms, both as MeSH terms and text words, were “Giardia”, “Giardia lamblia”, “Giardia intestinalis", "giardiasis", combined with "diagnosis", "antigen detection", serodiagnosis, or serological diagnosis. The required data was extracted from the papers. Pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity were obtained and forest plots and summary receiver operating characteristics (SROC) plots were used to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV).
Results: The search of databases found 1683 papers, of which 46 articles fulfilled our eligibility criteria. The sensitivity of antigen-based methods for the diagnosis of human giardiasis ranged from 45% (95% CI: 31-59%) to 100% (95% CI: 100-100%) and the pooled estimate of sensitivity was 92% (95% CI: 90-93%). The pooled estimated specificity was 97% (95% CI: 96-98%), ranged from 81% (95% CI: 68-89%) to 100% (95% CI: 98-100%). The summary estimate of PPV and NPV were 92 % (95% CI: 90-93%) and 97% (95% CI: 96-98%) respectively. Comparing the performance of the antigen detection assays by region revealed a significant difference in the assay's performances in different regions of the world.
Conclusion: The antigen-based detection methods have acceptable and satisfactory performance in the diagnosis of human giardiasis. The task ahead is to identify more specific target antigens and design simpler, cheaper, and more sensitive methods for the diagnosis of this common worldwide-distributed parasitic infection.
Presentation of Epicardial and Intrapericardial Hydatid Cysts: A Case Series
Authors: Maleki Donya , Zeraatian-Nejad Davani Sam , Talebi-Taher Mahshid , Salemi Borna , Khanaliha Khadijeh 
Published: July 2023

Hydatid cyst mainly involves the liver and lung; however, it can rarely involve cardiac tissue. This study describes the presence of hydatid cysts in the heart with considerable disease points in Tehran, Iran. Two cases aged between 25 to 50 years with cardiac hydatid cyst involvement were identified in 2021 in Tehran, Iran. Epicardial hydatid cyst between a left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and left obtuse marginal artery (OM) on the left ventricle, and in the second case, intrapericardial cyst attached to the pulmonary trunk with a thin base were identified. The cardial cysts were resected, and the patients recovered without any complications. Cardiac hydatid cyst is a very rare disease. Rapid diagnosis and surgical and medical care are necessary for treatment.
What does dermoscopy tell us about nevus spilus?
Authors: Chhiti Sokaina , Soughi Meriem , Bouraqqadi Oumaima , Douhi Zakia , Elloudi Sara , Baybay Hanane , Mernissi Fatimazahra 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Nevus spilus (NS) is a pigmented lesion characterized by multiple macules or pigmented papules within a pigmentation. Initially was described by Burkley in 1842, this nevus has since been the subject of numerous publications, especially with regard to the debates about the appearance of melanomas within the lesion, hence the interest of a dermoscopic examination of screening and monitoring. Objectives: Our aim is to describe dermoscopic patterns of NS in a research-based case study. Materials and methods: This is a prospective and descriptive study of 20 patients collected in our training over a period of 1 year. Results: we collected 20 patients whose average age was 34,5 years with sex-ratio 0.17. Clinically, all nevi were localized confetti macular, for the majority of cases, at the level of the trunk and the extremities. On dermoscopy, the reticular pattern was the most frequent in 08 cases followed by the homogeneous pattern in 07 cases than the mixed pattern: homogeneous patterns - reticular and homogeneous-globular, reticular-granular giving a characteristic sparkler appearance without signs of atypia. One patient underwent a biopsy confirming the diagnosis. None of our patients presented with melanoma. Conclusion: Naevus spilus is a benign lesion. However, a melanoma can develop even if it is rare, hence the interest of an exhaustive and regular skin examination with recourse to dermoscopy, showing the atypical aspects requiring excision from the outset.