bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Brain Stimulation for Substance Use Disorders? An Exploratory Qualitative Study of Perspectives of People Currently in Treatment
Authors: Versalovic Erika , Klein Eran , Goering Sara , Ngo Quyen , Gliske Kate , Boulicault Marion , Sullivan Laura Specker , Thomas Mark J. , Widge Alik S. 
Published: March 2023

Objective
Although previous studies have discussed the promise of deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a possible treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) and collected researcher perspectives on possible ethical issues surrounding it, none have consulted people with SUDs themselves. We addressed this gap by interviewing people with SUDs.

Methods
Participants viewed a short video introducing DBS, followed by a 1.5-hour semistructured interview on their experiences with SUDs and their perspective on DBS as a possible treatment option. Interviews were analyzed by multiple coders who iteratively identified salient themes.

Results
We interviewed 20 people in 12-step–based, inpatient treatment programs (10 [50%] White/Caucasian, 7 Black/African American [35%], 2 Asian [10%], 1 Hispanic/Latino [5%], and 1 [5%] Alaska Native/American Indian; 9 women [45%], 11 men [55%]). Interviewees described a variety of barriers they currently faced through the course of their disease that mirrored barriers often associated with DBS (stigma, invasiveness, maintenance burdens, privacy risks) and thus made them more open to the possibility of DBS as a future treatment option.

Conclusions
Individuals with SUDs gave relatively less weight to surgical risks and clinical burdens associated with DBS than previous surveys of provider attitudes anticipated. These differences derived largely from their experiences living with an often-fatal disease and encountering limitations of current treatment options. These findings support the study of DBS as a treatment option for SUDs, with extensive input from people with SUDs and advocates.
Antiphospholipid syndrome management: a 2023 update and practical algorithm-based approach
Authors: Ambati Amala , Knight Jason S. , Zuo Yu 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired thrombo-inflammatory disease that has morbid and sometimes devastating effects on patients and their families. This review will discuss the most recent international societal treatment guidelines and propose practical management algorithms for various APS sub-types.

Recent findings
APS represents a disease spectrum. Although thrombosis and pregnancy morbidities are traditional hallmarks of APS, a variety of extra-criteria clinical phenotypes can often be seen, which makes clinical management more challenging. Primary APS thrombosis prophylaxis should take a risk-stratified approach. Although vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or heparin/low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) remain the preferred treatment for secondary APS thrombosis prophylaxis, some international society guidelines support the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in certain circumstances. Careful monitoring and individualized obstetric care with the use of aspirin and heparin/LMWH will improve pregnancy outcomes among pregnant individuals with APS. Treatment of microvascular and catastrophic APS remains challenging. While the addition of various immunosuppressive agents is often utilized, further systemic evaluations of their use are warranted before definitive recommendations can be made. Several new therapeutic strategies are on the horizon that might enable more personalized and targeted APS management in the near future.

Summary
Although the knowledge of APS pathogenesis has grown in recent years, the management principles and strategies are largely unchanged. There is an unmet need for evaluating pharmacological agents, beyond anticoagulants, that target diverse thromboinflammatory pathways.
Epidemiology of Lumbar Spine Conditions in Professional Baseball Players
Authors: Makhni Melvin C. , Curriero Frank C. , Yeung Caleb M. , Kvit Anton , Ahmad Christopher S. , Lehman Ronald A. 
Published: March 2023

Study Design:
A retrospective case series study.

Objective:
To analyze the epidemiology and burden of diagnoses of lumbar spinal conditions affecting Major League Baseball (MLB) and Minor League Baseball players.

Summary of Background Data:
Lumbar spinal conditions are a common cause of low back pain in the general population and can be caused by participation in sports and athletics. Data concerning the epidemiology of these injuries in professional baseball players are limited.

Methods:
We collected deidentified MLB and Minor League Baseball data concerning lumbar spine conditions (lumbar disk herniations, lumbar degenerative disease, or pars conditions) from 2011 to 2017 using the MLB-commissioned Health and Injury Tracking System database. Data concerning days missed because of injury, need for surgery, and player participation and career-ending status were assessed. Injury rates were reported as injuries per 1000 athlete exposures in concordance with prior studies.

Results:
Over 2011–2017, 5948 days of play were missed because of 206 lumbar spine-related injuries, of which 60 (29.1%) were season ending. Twenty-seven (13.1%) of these injuries required surgery. The most common injury among both pitchers and position players were lumbar disk herniations (45, 44.1% and 41, 39.4%, respectively). More surgeries were performed for lumbar disk herniations and degenerative disk disease compared with pars conditions (74% and 18.5% vs. 3.7%). Injury rates for pitchers was significantly higher than those of other position players 0.111 per 1000 AEs versus 0.040 per 1000 AEs (P<0.0001). Injuries requiring surgery did not vary significantly by league, age group, or player position.

Conclusions:
Lumbar spine-related injuries incurred substantial disability and days missed from play in professional baseball players. Lumbar disk herniations were the most common injury, and together with pars conditions led to higher rates of surgery compared with degenerative conditions.

Level of Evidence:
III
A Streamlined Algorithmic Process for Creating Three-dimensional Printed Forearm Casts
Authors: Alshawaf Solaiman M. , Burhamah Waleed , Alwazzan Sabika , AlYouha Sarah 
Published: March 2023

Summary:
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a rapidly evolving field that has found its way into the medical field, providing unsurpassed contributions to the provision of patient-centered care. Its utilization lies in optimizing preoperative planning, the creation and customization of surgical guides and implants, and the designing of models that can be used to augment patient counseling and education. We integrate a simple yet effective method of scanning the forearm using an iPad device with Xkelet software to obtain a 3D printable stereolithography file, which is then incorporated to our suggested algorithmic model for designing a 3D cast, utilizing Rhinocerus design software and Grasshopper plugin. The algorithm implements a stepwise process of retopologizing the mesh, division of the cast model, creating the base surface, applying proper clearance and thickness to the mold, and creating a lightweight structure through the addition of ventilation holes to the surface with a joint connector between the two plates. In our experience, scanning and design of the patient-specific forearm cast using Xkelet and Rhinocerus, alongside implementing an algorithmic model through Grasshopper plugin has dramatically reduced the designing process from 2 to 3 hours to 4–10 minutes, further increasing the number of patient scans that can be sequenced in a short duration. In this article, we introduce a streamlined algorithmic process for the use of 3D scanning and processing software to create forearm casts that are tailored to the patients’ dimensions. We emphasize the implementation of computer-aided design software for a quicker and more accurate design process.
Hemodynamic Gain Index Is Associated With Cardiovascular Mortality and Improves Risk Prediction
Authors: Laukkanen Jari A. , Isiozor Nzechukwu M. , Willeit Peter , Kunutsor Setor K. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
The hemodynamic gain index (HGI) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are parameters assessed during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX). The association between the HGI and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is uncertain. We evaluated the association between the HGI and CVD mortality risk using a prospective study.

Methods:
The HGI was calculated using heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) measured in 1634 men aged 42-61 yr during CPX, using the formula: [(HRpeak× SBPpeak) − (HRrest × SBPrest)]/(HRrest × SBPrest). Cardiorespiratory fitness was directly measured using a respiratory gas exchange analyzer.

Results:
During a median (IQR) follow-up of 28.7 (19.0, 31.4) yr, 439 CVD deaths occurred. The risk of CVD mortality decreased continuously with the increasing HGI (P value for nonlinearity = .28). Each unit higher HGI (1.06 bpm/mm Hg) was associated with a decreased risk of CVD mortality (HR = 0.80: 95% CI, 0.71-0.89), which was attenuated after further adjustment for CRF (HR = 0.92: 95% CI, 0.81-1.04). Cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with CVD mortality and the association remained after adjustment for the HGI: (HR = 0.86: 95% CI, 0.80-0.92) per each unit (MET) higher CRF. Addition of the HGI to a CVD mortality risk prediction model improved risk discrimination (C-index change = 0.0285; P < .001) and reclassification (net reclassification improvement = 8.34%; P < .001). The corresponding values for CRF were a C-index change of 0.0413 (P < .001) and a categorical net reclassification improvement of 14.74% (P < .001).

Conclusions:
The higher HGI is inversely associated with CVD mortality in a graded fashion, but the association is partly dependent on CRF levels. The HGI improves the prediction and reclassification of the risk for CVD mortality.
Decision taking in corneal refractive surgery
Authors: Nuijts Rudy M.M.A. , Cummings Arthur B. , Dick H. Burkhard , Taneri Suphi , Vinciguerra Paolo , Cochener-Lamard Béatrice , Lapid-Gortzak Ruth , Kanellopoulos A. John , Agarwal Kanika , Karadimou Despoina , Konstantinidou Elena , Shetty Rohit , Khamar Pooja , Ambrósio Renato , Machado Aydano P , Marcelo Lyra João 
Published: March 2023

A 27-year-old woman who wants to get rid of contact lenses and spectacles was seen at our clinic. She had strabismus surgery as a child and was patched for the right eye but now shows mild nondisturbing exophoria. Infrequently, she likes to box in the sports school.Her corrected distance visual acuity at presentation in the right eye was 20/16 with −3.75 −0.75 × 50 and in the left eye 20/16 with −3.75 −1.25 × 142. Her cycloplegic refraction in the right eye was −3.75 −0.75 × 44 and in the left eye was −3.25 −1.25 × 147. The left eye is the dominant eye. The tear break-up time was 8 seconds in both eyes, and the Schirmer tear test was 7 to 10 mm in right and left eyes, respectively. Pupil sizes under mesopic conditions were 6.62 mm and 6.68 mm.The anterior chamber depth (ACD) (measured from the epithelium) in the right eye was 3.89 mm and in the left eye was 3.87 mm. The corneal thickness was 503 μm and 493 μm of the right and left eye, respectively. Corneal endothelial cell density was on average 2700 cells/mm2for both eyes. Slitlamp biomicroscopy showed clear corneas and a normal flat iris configuration. Supplemental Figures 1 to 4 (available at http://links.lww.com/JRS/A818, http://links.lww.com/JRS/A819, http://links.lww.com/JRS/A820, and http://links.lww.com/JRS/A821) show the corneal topography and Belin-Ambrósio deviation (BAD) maps at presentation of the right eye and left eye, respectively.Would you consider this patient a candidate for corneal refractive surgery (eg, laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy, laser in situ keratomileusis [LASIK], or small-incision lenticule extraction [SMILE] procedure)? Has your opinion changed given the recent opinion of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regarding LASIK?1The patient herself is slightly favoring an implantation of a phakic intraocular lens (pIOL), as she prefers something reversible. Would you implant a pIOL, and which type of IOL, for this level of myopia?What is your diagnosis or are additional diagnostic methodologies needed to establish a diagnosis? What is your treatment advice for this patient?REFERENCES1. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, HHS. Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) lasers–patient labeling recommendations; draft guidance for industry and food and drug administration staff; availability. July 28, 2022, Federal Register; 87 FR 45334. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/laser-assisted-situ-keratomileusis-lasik-lasers-patient-labeling-recommendations Accessed January 25, 2023
The Grip on Health Intervention to Prevent Health Problems Among Workers With a Lower Socioeconomic Position
Authors: Schaap Rosanne , Schaafsma Frederieke , Huysmans Maaike , Vossen Emma , Boot Cécile , Anema Johannes 
Published: March 2023

Objective
Workers with a lower socioeconomic position (SEP) often face problems on multiple life domains. This study evaluated an intervention to identify and solve problems on multiple life domains, called “Grip on Health.”

Methods
A mixed-methods process evaluation was performed among occupational health professionals (OHPs) and lower SEP workers with problems on multiple life domains.

Results
Thirteen OHPs delivered the intervention to 27 workers. For seven workers, the supervisor was involved, and for two, stakeholders from outside the workplace were involved. Agreements between OHPs with employers often affected implementation. OHPs were essential to help workers identify and solve problems. The intervention increased workers' health awareness and self-control, and led to small and practical solutions.

Conclusions
Grip on Health can support lower SEP workers with solving problems on multiple life domains. However, contextual factors make implementation difficult.
Adaptive and Maladaptive Cognitive-Emotional Strategies Associated With PTSD in First Responders
Authors: Tan Leona , Deady Mark , Bryant Richard A. , Harvey Samuel B. 
Published: March 2023

Objective
To examine associations between cognitive-emotional strategies and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in first responders with high trauma exposure.

Method
Our study used baseline data from a cluster randomized controlled study of first responders across Colorado in the United States. Those with high exposure to critical incidents were selected into the current study. Participants completed validated measures of PTSD, emotional regulation and stress mindsets.

Results
A significant association was found for the emotion regulation strategy of expressive suppression and PTSD symptoms. No significant associations were found for other cognitive-emotional strategies. Logistic regression indicated that those with high use of expressive suppression were at significantly greater odds of probable PTSD compared to those with lower use (odds ratio, 4.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.37–17.41; P = 0.014).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that first responders with high use of expressive suppression are at significantly higher risk of probable PTSD.
Advances in inhaled antibiotics for management of respiratory tract infections
Authors: Riveiro Vanessa , Casal Ana , Abelleira Romina , Valdés Luis 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
The incidence of bacterial respiratory tract infections is growing. In a context of increasing antibiotic resistance and lack of new classes of antibiotics, inhaled antibiotics emerge as a promising therapeutic strategy. Although they are generally used for cystic fibrosis, their use in other conditions is becoming more frequent, including no-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, pneumonia and mycobacterial infections.

Recent findings
Inhaled antibiotics exert beneficial microbiological effects in bronchiectasis and chronic bronchial infection. In nosocomial and ventilator-associated pneumonia, aerosolized antibiotics improve cure rates and bacterial eradication. In refractory Mycobacterium avium complex infections, amikacin liposome inhalation suspension is more effective in achieving long-lasting sputum conversion. In relation to biological inhaled antibiotics (antimicrobial peptides, interfering RNA and bacteriophages), currently in development, there is no still enough evidence that support their use in clinical practice.

Summary
The effective antimicrobiological activity of inhaled antibiotics, added to their potential to overcoming resistances to systemic antibiotics, make inhaled antibiotics a plausible alternative.
Safety, immunogenicity, and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines for pregnant persons: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis
Authors: Ciapponi Agustín , Berrueta Mabel , Ballivian Jamile , Bardach Ariel , Mazzoni Agustina , Anderson Steven , Argento Fernando J. , Bok Karin , Comandé Daniel , Goucher Erin , Kampmann Beate , Parker Edward P. K. , Rodriguez-Cairoli Federico , Santa Maria Victoria , Stergachis Andy , Voss Gerald , Xiong Xu , Zaraa Sabra , Munoz Flor M. , Karron Ruth A. , Gottlieb Sami L. , Buekens Pierre M. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Numerous vaccines have been evaluated and approved for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since pregnant persons have been excluded from most clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines, sufficient data regarding the safety of these vaccines for the pregnant person and their fetus have rarely been available at the time of product licensure. However, as COVID-19 vaccines have been deployed, data on the safety, reactogenicity, immunogenicity, and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines for pregnant persons and neonates are becoming increasingly available. A living systematic review and meta-analysis of the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines for pregnant persons and newborns could provide the information necessary to help guide vaccine policy decisions.

Methods and analysis:
We aim to conduct a living systematic review and meta-analysis based on biweekly searches of medical databases (e.g., MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL) and clinical trial registries to systematically identify relevant studies of COVID-19 vaccines for pregnant persons. Pairs of reviewers will independently select, extract data, and conduct risk of bias assessments. We will include randomized clinical trials, quasi-experimental studies, cohort, case-control, cross-sectional studies, and case reports. Primary outcomes will be the safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant persons, including neonatal outcomes. Secondary outcomes will be immunogenicity and reactogenicity. We will conduct paired meta-analyses, including prespecified subgroup and sensitivity analyses. We will use the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation approach to evaluate the certainty of evidence.
Retinal detachment secondary to bungee jump
Authors: Koirala Bipin , Sapkota Arjun 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Bungee jumping is a recreational sport that involves head-first jumping from certain heights with an elastic cord attached to the person’s leg. It has the potential to develop ocular complications ranging from subconjunctival hemorrhage to retinal hemorrhage and even retinal detachment.

Case presentation:
Here, the authors report a case of a 28-year-old myopic male with Left-Eye retinal detachment secondary to a bungee jump.

Discussion:
In recent years, a few case reports have archived a variety of visual injuries caused by bungee jumping. But only few literatures have reported the event of retinal detachment related to bungee jumping. Patients with moderate to high myopic refractive error may have different vitreous and retinal changes, like vitreous degeneration, lattice degeneration, and peripheral retinal tears. The authors accept that these retinal findings are more related to the vitreoretinal traction mechanism leading to retinal detachment in bungee jumping.

Conclusion:
This case highlights that retinal detachment secondary to a bungee jump is a rare but serious ocular manifestation, and bungee jumping should be considered a risk factor for retinal detachment in predisposed patients
Promoting Safe Mobility Strategies for partnering with caregivers to maximize older adults' functional ability.
Authors: Olson Linda M. , Zonsius Mary C. , Rodriguez-Morales Grisel , Emery-Tiburcio Erin E. 
Published: March 2023

This article is the fifth in a series, Supporting Family Caregivers in the 4Ms of an Age-Friendly Health System, published in collaboration with the AARP Public Policy Institute as part of the ongoing Supporting Family Caregivers: No Longer Home Alone series. The 4Ms of an Age-Friendly Health System (What Matters, Medication, Mentation, and Mobility) is an evidence-based framework for assessing and acting on critical issues in the care of older adults across settings and transitions of care. Engaging the health care team, including older adults and their family caregivers, with the 4Ms framework can help to ensure that every older adult gets the best care possible, is not harmed by health care, and is satisfied with the care they receive.
The articles in this series present considerations for implementing the 4Ms framework in the inpatient hospital setting and incorporating family caregivers in doing so. Resources for both nurses and family caregivers, including a series of accompanying videos developed by AARP and the Rush Center for Excellence in Aging and funded by The John A. Hartford Foundation, are also provided. Nurses should read the articles first, so they understand how best to help family caregivers. Then they can refer caregivers to the informational tear sheet—Information for Family Caregivers—and instructional videos, encouraging them to ask questions. For additional information, see Resources for Nurses. Cite this article as: Olson,L.M., et al. Promote Safe Mobility. Am J Nurs 2022; 122(7): 46-52.
The Interplay Between Walking Speed, Economy, and Stability After Stroke
Authors: Awad Louis N. , Knarr Brian A. , Kudzia Pawel , Buchanan Thomas S. 
Published: March 2023

Background and Purpose:
Energy minimization is thought to underlie the naturally selected, preferred walking speed; however, people post-stroke walk slower than their most economical speed, presumably to optimize other objectives, such as stability. The purpose of this study was to examine the interplay between walking speed, economy, and stability.

Methods:
Seven individuals with chronic hemiparesis walked on a treadmill at 1 of 3 randomized speeds: slow, preferred, and fast. Concurrent measurements of speed-induced changes in walking economy (ie, the energy needed to move 1 kg of bodyweight 1 ml O2/kg/m) and stability were made. Stability was quantified as the regularity and divergence of the mediolateral motion of the pelvic center of mass (pCoM) during walking, as well as pCoM motion relative to the base of support.

Results:
Slower walking speeds were more stable (ie, pCoM motion was 10% ± 5% more regular and 26% ± 16% less divergent) but 12% ± 5% less economical. Conversely, faster walking speeds were 9% ± 8% more economical, but also less stable (ie, pCoM motion was 17% ± 5% more irregular). Individuals with slower walking speeds had an enhanced energetic benefit when walking faster (r
s = 0.96, P < 0.001). Individuals with greater neuromotor impairment had an enhanced stability benefit when walking slower (r
s = 0.86, P = 0.01).

Discussion and Conclusions:
People post-stroke appear to prefer walking speeds that are faster than their most stable speed but slower than their most economical speed. The preferred walking speed after stroke appears to balance stability and economy. To encourage faster and more economical walking, deficits in the stable control of the mediolateral motion of the pCoM may need to be addressed.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A416).