bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNA Polymerase III–Dependent BoNR8 and AtR8 lncRNAs Contribute to Hypocotyl Elongation in Response to Light and Abscisic Acid
Authors: Zhang Nan , Xu Kai , Liu Shengyi , Yan Rong , Liu Ziguang , Wu Ying , Peng Yifang , Zhang Xiaoxu , Yukawa Yasushi , Wu Juan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Hypocotyl elongation is inhibited by light and promoted by darkness. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) also inhibits hypocotyl elongation. However, details of the molecular mechanism that regulates the integrated effects of light and ABA signaling on hypocotyl elongation remain unclear. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs; &gt;200 nt) do not encode proteins but play many physiological roles in organisms. Until now, only a few lncRNAs related to hypocotyl elongation have been reported. The lncRNAs BoNR8 (272 nt) and AtR8 (259 nt), both of which are transcribed by RNA polymerase III, are homologous lncRNAs that are abundantly present in cabbage and Arabidopsis, respectively. These lncRNAs shared 77% sequence identity, and their predicted RNA secondary structures were similar; the non-conserved nucleotides in both sequences were positioned mainly in the stem–loop regions of the secondary structures. A previous study showed that BoNR8 regulated seed germination along with ABA and that AtR8 may be involved in innate immune function in Arabidopsis. Our results show that the expression levels of BoNR8 and AtR8 were differentially affected by light and ABA and that overexpression (OX) of both BoNR8 and AtR8 in Arabidopsis regulated hypocotyl elongation depending on light and ABA.. The expression levels of light-related genes PHYB, COP1, HY5 and PIF4 and ABA-related genes ABI3 and ABI5 were altered in the AtR8-OX and BoNR8-OX lines, and, in an ABI3-defective mutant, hypocotyl elongation was greatly increased under dark condition with the addition of ABA. These results indicate that BoNR8 and AtR8 regulate hypocotyl elongation together with ABI3 and key downstream light signaling genes.
A Note on von Neumann Ordinals and Dependence
Authors: Werner Jonas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This note defends the reduction of ordinals to pure sets against an argument put forward by Beau Madison Mount. In the first part I will defend the claim that dependence simpliciter can be reduced to immediate dependence and define a notion of predecessor dependence. In the second part I will provide and defend a way to model the dependence profile of ordinals akin to Mount’s proposal in terms of immediate dependence and predecessor dependence. I furthermore show that my alternative dependence profile allows us to single out the reduction of ordinals to von Neumann ordinals as the only viable set-theoretic reduction.
Paralog editing tunes rice stomatal density to maintain photosynthesis and improve drought tolerance
Authors: Karavolias Nicholas G , Patel-Tupper Dhruv , Seong Kyungyong , Tjahjadi Michelle , Gueorguieva Gloria-Alexandra , Tanaka Jaclyn , Gallegos Cruz Ana , Lieberman Samantha , Litvak Lillian , Dahlbeck Douglas , Cho Myeong-Je , Niyogi Krishna K , Staskawicz Brian J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) is of paramount importance for global nutrition, supplying at least 20% of global calories. However, water scarcity and increased drought severity are anticipated to reduce rice yields globally. We explored stomatal developmental genetics as a mechanism for improving drought resilience in rice while maintaining yield under climate stress. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockouts of the positive regulator of stomatal development STOMAGEN and its paralog EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR-LIKE10 (EPFL10) yielded lines with ∼25% and 80% of wild-type stomatal density, respectively. epfl10 lines with moderate reductions in stomatal density were able to conserve water to similar extents as stomagen lines but did not suffer from the concomitant reductions in stomatal conductance, carbon assimilation, or thermoregulation observed in stomagen knockouts. Moderate reductions in stomatal density achieved by editing EPFL10 present a climate-adaptive approach for safeguarding yield in rice. Editing the paralog of STOMAGEN in other species may provide a means for tuning stomatal density in agriculturally important crops beyond rice.
Restricting electron flow at cytochrome b6f when downstream electron acceptors are severely limited
Authors: Saroussi Shai , Redekop Petra , Karns Devin A J , Thomas Dylan C , Wittkopp Tyler M , Posewitz Matthew C , Grossman Arthur R 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms frequently experience abiotic stress that restricts their growth and development. Under such circumstances, most absorbed solar energy cannot be used for CO2 fixation and can cause the photoproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage the photosynthetic reaction centers of PSI and PSII, resulting in a decline in primary productivity. This work describes a biological “switch” in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that reversibly restricts photosynthetic electron transport (PET) at the cytochrome b6f (Cyt b6f) complex when the capacity for accepting electrons downstream of PSI is severely limited. We specifically show this restriction in STARCHLESS6 (sta6) mutant cells, which cannot synthesize starch when they are limited for nitrogen (growth inhibition) and subjected to a dark-to-light transition. This restriction represents a form of photosynthetic control that causes diminished electron flow to PSI and thereby prevents PSI photodamage but does not appear to rely on a ΔpH. Furthermore, when electron flow is restricted, the plastid alternative oxidase (PTOX) becomes active, functioning as an electron valve that dissipates some excitation energy absorbed by PSII and allows the formation of a proton motive force (PMF) that would drive some ATP production (potentially sustaining PSII repair and nonphotochemical quenching [NPQ]). The restriction at the Cyt b6f complex can be gradually relieved with continued illumination. This study provides insights into how PET responds to a marked reduction in availability of downstream electron acceptors and the protective mechanisms involved.
The additive effects of bioactive glasses and photobiomodulation on enhancing bone regeneration
Authors: Huang Lidong , Gong Weiyu , Huang Guibin , Li Jingyi , Wu Jilin , Dong Yanmei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBioactive glasses (BG) have been generally used in bone defects repair for its good osteoinductivity and osteoconductivity. However, the early angiogenesis of BG in the repair of large-sized bone defects may not be sufficient enough to support new bone formation, resulting in the failure of bone repair. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy, which is superior on promoting early angiogenesis, may contribute to the angiogenesis of BG and further enhance the repair of bone defects. Therefore, we applied BG and PBM in combination and preliminarily investigated their additive effects on bone regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro results revealed that BG combined with PBM remarkably enhanced human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells proliferation, osteogenic-related genes expression and mineralization, which was better than applying BG or PBM respectively. For in vivo studies, the histological staining results showed that BG induced new bone formation in the interior of defects and promoted new bone reconstruction at 6 weeks post-operation. The micro-computed tomography results further confirmed that BG combined with PBM accelerated bone formation and maturation, improved the speed and quality of bone regeneration, and promoted bone repair. In conclusion, with the optimum BG and PBM parameters, BG combined with PBM generated additive effects on promoting bone regeneration.
Characteristics of patients with difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis in a French single-centre hospital
Authors: Hecquet Sophie , Combier Alice , Steelandt Alexia , Pons Marion , Wendling Daniel , Molto Anna , Miceli-Richard Corinne , Allanore Yannick , Avouac Jérôme 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To compare the features of difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis (D2TRA) patients using two different definitions according to the previous failure of targeted therapies.

Methods
We stratified consecutive RA patients treated at Cochin Hospital into two groups, a D2TRA group and a non-D2TRA group, according to two definitions of D2TRA. Both definitions defined D2TRA as RAs failing at least two targeted therapies, with a different mechanism of action for the EULAR-D2TRA definition or without prejudging the mechanism of action and for the Alternative D2TRA definition.

Results
We included 320 consecutive RA patients. We identified 76 EULAR-D2TRA and 244 non-DTRA patients, and 120 Alternative D2TRA and 200 non-DTRA patients. Compared with non-D2TRA, D2TRA patients from both definitions were more likely to have lower socioeconomic level, positive rheumatoid factor, interstitial lung disease, higher DAS28-CRP and were more likely to respond to rituximab and Janus kinase inhibitors. Although EULAR and Alternative D2TRA patients displayed similar clinical and biological features, they were characterized by different therapeutic profiles. We observed fewer patients receiving methotrexate in the Alternative D2TRA group (53% vs 64%, P = 0.046). Patients with Alternative D2TRA not fulfilling the EULAR definition (n = 44) had all received two successive first-line TNF inhibitors, a monoclonal antibody and a soluble receptor, and were comparable to EULAR-D2TRA patients with regards to all other characteristics.

Conclusion
Low socioeconomic status, diabetes, interstitial lung disease and absence of combination with methotrexate allow identification of D2TRA. In addition, the inclusion as ‘early-D2TRA’ of patients failing two TNF inhibitors in the EULAR definition of D2TRA would facilitate the rapid identification of D2TRA patients.
Microneedle rollers for skin drug delivery of macromolecules
Authors: Kontogiannidou Eleni , Kalosakas George , Аndreadis Dimitrios A , Anastasiadou Pinelopi , Bouropoulos Nikolaos , Demiri Efterpi , Andriotis Eleftherios G , Fatouros Dimitrios G 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
In the present study, a microneedle device (Dermaroller®) with different needle lengths (1 and 1.5 mm) were used to enhance the transport of a model macromolecular compound (FITC-Dextran 4.4 kDa) across the skin tissue.

Methods
Transport studies were followed by tape-stripping method, to monitor the drug distribution in the stratum corneum.

Key findings
The impact of dermarollers on morphology of the skin surface was examined by Scanning electron microscopy, which revealed a reduction of diameter of the induced skin pores caused by the dermarollers as a function of time, while optical microscopy studies revealed a disorganisation to the lower part of the dermis. Modelling has shown that an exponential, rather than a linear, dependence of the steady-state concentration on the thickness can qualitatively describe the tape-stripping data.

Conclusions
The transport of the macromolecule across skin was significantly enhanced proportional to needle length.
The psychometric properties and clinical utility of neural measures of reward processing
Authors: Amir Nader , Holbrook Amanda , Meissel Emily , Taboas William 
Published: March 2023

AbstractReward processing is implicated in the etiology of several psychological conditions including depressive disorders. In the current paper, we examined the psychometric properties of a neural measure of reward processing, the reward positivity (RewP), in 279 adult women at baseline and 187 women 8 weeks later. The RewP demonstrated excellent internal consistency at both timepoints and good test–retest reliability using estimates from both classical test theory and generalizability theory. Additionally, the difference between RewP following reward and loss feedback was marginally associated with depressive symptoms in a subsample of participants. We also examined the relationship between subject-level dependability estimates and depression severity, finding that depressive symptoms may contribute to lower dependability on reward trials. However, this finding did not survive correction for multiple comparisons and should be replicated in future studies. These findings support RewP as a useful measure of individual differences of reward processing and point to the potential utility of this measure for various forms of psychopathology.
Dispersal-Limited Symbionts Exhibit Unexpectedly Wide Variation in Host Specificity
Authors: Matthews Alix E , Wijeratne Asela J , Sweet Andrew D , Hernandes Fabio A , Toews David P L , Boves Than J 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA fundamental aspect of symbiotic relationships is host specificity, ranging from extreme specialists associated with only a single host species to generalists associated with many different species. Although symbionts with limited dispersal capabilities are expected to be host specialists, some are able to associate with multiple hosts. Understanding the micro- and macro-evolutionary causes of variations in host specificity is often hindered by sampling biases and the limited power of traditional evolutionary markers. Here, we studied feather mites to address the barriers associated with estimates of host specificity for dispersal-limited symbionts. We sampled feather mites (Proctophyllodidae) from a nearly comprehensive set of North American breeding warblers (Parulidae) to study mite phylogenetic relationships and host–symbiont codiversification. We used pooled-sequencing (Pool-Seq) and short-read Illumina technology to interpret results derived from a traditional barcoding gene (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) versus 11 protein-coding mitochondrial genes using concatenated and multispecies coalescent approaches. Despite the statistically significant congruence between mite and host phylogenies, mite–host specificity varies widely, and host switching is common regardless of the genetic marker resolution (i.e., barcode vs. multilocus). However, the multilocus approach was more effective than the single barcode in detecting the presence of a heterogeneous Pool-Seq sample. These results suggest that presumed symbiont dispersal capabilities are not always strong indicators of host specificity or of historical host–symbiont coevolutionary events. A comprehensive sampling at fine phylogenetic scales may help to better elucidate the microevolutionary filters that impact macroevolutionary processes regulating symbioses, particularly for dispersal-limited symbionts. [Codiversification; cophylogenetics; feather mites; host switching; pooled sequencing; species delineation; symbiosis, warblers.]
Serotonin/5‐HT7 receptor provides an adaptive signal to enhance pigmentation response to environmental stressors through cAMP‐PKA‐MAPK, Rab27a/RhoA, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways
Authors: Tang Hui‐hao , Zhang Yi‐fan , Yang Li‐li , Hong Chen , Chen Kai‐xian , Li Yi‐ming , Wu Hua‐li 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSerotonin (5‐HT), a neurotransmitter, is essential for normal and pathological pigmentation processing, and its receptors may be therapeutical targets. The effect and behavior of the 5‐HT7 receptor (5‐HT7R) in melanogenesis in high vertebrates remain unknown. Herein, we examine the role and molecular mechanism of 5‐HT7R in the pigmentation of human skin cells, human tissue, mice, and zebrafish models. Firstly, 5‐HT7R protein expression decreased significantly in stress‐induced depigmentation skin and vitiligo epidermis. Stressed mice received transdermal serotonin 5‐HT7R selective agonists (LP‐12, 0.01%) for 12 or 60 days. Mice might recover from persistent stress‐induced depigmentation. The downregulation of tyrosinase (Tyr), microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (Mitf) expression, and 5‐HT7R was consistently restored in stressed skin. High‐throughput RNA sequencing showed that structural organization (dendrite growth and migration) and associated pathways were activated in the dorsal skin of LP‐12‐treated animals. 5‐HT7R selective agonist, LP‐12, had been demonstrated to enhance melanin production, dendrite growth, and chemotactic motility in B16F10 cells, normal human melanocytes (NHMCs), and zebrafish. Mechanistically, the melanogenic, dendritic, and migratory functions of 5‐HT7R were dependent on the downstream signaling of cAMP‐PKA‐ERK1/2, JNK MAPK, RhoA/Rab27a, and PI3K/AKT pathway activation. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition and genetic siRNA of 5‐HT7R by antagonist SB269970 partially/completely abolished these functional properties and the related activated pathways in both NHMCs and B16F10 cells. Consistently, htr7a/7b genetic knockdown in zebrafish could blockade melanogenic effects and abrogate 5‐HT‐induced melanin accumulation. Collectively, we have first identified that 5‐HT7R regulates melanogenesis, which may be a targeted therapy for pigmentation disorders, especially those worsened by stress.
Normative Bone Mineral Density Measured on CT scan in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Nagata Kosei , Dimar John R. , Schmidt Grant O , Brown Morgan , Daniels Christy , Glassman Steven D. , Carreon Leah Y. 
Published: March 2023

Study Design.
Retrospective chart review

Objective.
To provide reference values for HU measured on CT scan of children and adolescents.

Summary of Background Data.
Spine surgeons increasingly use Hounsfield Units (HU) on spine CT as a measure of bone mineral density (BMD). This has not been described in children and adolescents.

Methods.
Pediatric patients who had a spine CT between 2012 and 2022 were identified. Patients who had more than one comorbidity or were syndromic were excluded. Using the bone window, three axial images (cephalad, middle and caudal) of each vertebra were selected. In each axial view, the HU was measured using a Region of Interest (ROI) that included the total cancellous bone area and an ROI excluding the radiolucency present in the posterior vertebral body (Total vs. Limited). HU values were compared between Total and Limited areas, and between the axial images at the cephalad, middle, and caudal levels. Each age category data was estimated and stratified.

Results.
A total of 144 patients (79 female, 65 male) from 2 to 17 years old were included. Mean Limited HU was consistently lower than Total HU across all images and lumbar levels except for L1. Limited HU taken mid-vertebral body was also consistently lower than those taken cephalad or caudad. Mean Limited HU across all ages including all levels was 227±50 (range: 109 to 357). Stratifying by age showed a gradual decrease in BMD from age 2 to 10 followed by an increase.

Conclusions.
This is the first study to measure HU on lumbar CTs in children and adolescents. The technique of measuring BMD in adults should be modified in children by using an ROI that excludes the rarefaction present in the posterior vertebral body. Further studies are needed to evaluate the age dependent changes in BMD seen in this study.
Linking Patterns of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring (IONM) Alerts to the Odds of a New Postoperative Neurological Deficit
Authors: Wilent W. Bryan , Tesdahl Eric A. , Epplin-Zapf Thomas , Cohen Jeffrey , Rhee John , Klineberg Eric O. , Harrop James S. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Sestokas Anthony K. 
Published: March 2023

Study Design/Setting:
Retrospective review of a national multi-institutional database of 27,808 extradural cervical spine procedures performed between January 2017 and May 2021.

Objective:
Characterize intraoperative neuromonitoring alerts by the patterns of modalities and nerves/muscles involved and quantify risk of new-onset neurological deficit for patients with a primary diagnosis of myelopathy, stenosis, or radiculopathy.

Summary of Background Data:
Phenotyping alert patterns and linking those patterns with risk is needed to facilitate clinical decision-making.

Methods:
Cases with alerts were categorized by patterns of modalities or nerves/muscles involved, and alert status at closure. Unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) for new-onset neurological deficit were calculated. A mixed-effects logistic regression model controlling for demographic and operative factors, with random intercepts to account for clustering in outcomes by surgeon and surgical neurophysiologist was also used to calculate ORs and probabilities of neurological deficit.

Results:
There was significantly increased risk of a new neurological deficit for procedures involving posterior compared with anterior approaches (OR: 1.82, P=0.001) and procedures involving three levels compared with one (OR: 2.17, P=0.001). Odds of a deficit were lower for patients with radiculopathy compared with myelopathy (OR: 0.69, P=0.058). Compared with cases with no alerts, those with unresolved Spinal Cord alerts were associated with the greatest elevation in risk (OR: 289.05) followed by unresolved C5–6 Nerve Root (OR: 172.7), C5–T1 Nerve Root/Arm (OR: 162.89), C7 Nerve Root (OR:84.2), and C8–T1 Nerve Root alerts (OR:75.49, all P<0.001). Significant reductions in risk were seen for resolved Spinal Cord, C5–6 Nerve Root, and C8–T1 nerve alerts. Overall, unresolved motor evoked potential and somatosensory evoked potential alerts were associated with the greatest elevation in risk (OR:340.92) followed by unresolved motor evoked potential-only (OR:140.6) and unresolved somatosensory evoked potential-Only alerts (OR:78.3, all P<0.001). These relationships were similar across diagnostic cohorts.

Conclusions:
Risk elevation and risk mitigation after an intraoperative neuromonitoring alert during surgery is dependent on the type and pattern of alert.