bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Significant Intraoperative Blood Loss during Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion for Degenerative Cervical Diseases
Authors: Yuan Hong , Zhao Yuanhang , Hu Yin , Liu Zhonghua , Chen Yu , Wang Hongwei , Yu Hailong , Xiang Liangbi 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesAnterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACF) has become a widely accepted surgical treatment for degenerative cervical diseases, but occasionally, significant intraoperative blood loss (SIBL), which is defined as IBL of 500 mL or more, will occur. We aimed to investigate the independent risk factors for SIBL during ACF for degenerative cervical diseases.MethodsWe enrolled 1150 patients who underwent ACF for degenerative cervical diseases at our hospital between 2013 and 2019. The patients were divided into two groups: the SIBL group (n = 38) and the non‐SIBL group (n = 1112). Demographic, surgical and radiographic data were recorded prospectively to investigate the independent risk factors for SIBL. For counting data, the chi‐square test or Fisher's exact probability test was used. Student's t‐test or the Mann–Whitney rank sum test was used for comparisons between groups of measurement data. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were further used to analyze the significance of potential risk factors.ResultsThe incidence of SIBL during ACF was 3.3% (38/1150). A multivariate analysis revealed that female sex (odds ratio [OR], 6.285; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.707–14.595; p < 0.001), corpectomy (OR, 3.872; 95% CI, 1.616–9.275; p = 0.002), duration of operation ≥150 min (OR, 8.899; 95% CI, 4.042–19.590; p < 0.001), C3 involvement (OR, 4.116; 95% CI, 1.808–9.369; p = 0.001) and ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) at the surgical level (OR, 6.007; 95% CI, 2.218–16.270; p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for SIBL. Patients with SIBL had more days of first‐degree/intensive nursing (p = 0.003), longer length of stay (p = 0.003) and higher hospitalization costs (p = 0.023).ConclusionFemale sex, corpectomy, duration of operation, C3 involvement and OPLL at the surgical level were independent risk factors for SIBL during ACF. SIBL in ACF was associated with more days of first‐degree/intensive nursing, longer length of stay and higher hospitalization costs.
Agencies on the parliamentary radar: Exploring the relations between media attention and parliamentary attention for public agencies using machine learning methods
Authors: Boon Jan , Wynen Jan , Daelemans Walter , Lemmens Jens , Verhoest Koen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe news media frame political debate about public agencies, and enable legislators with incomplete information to monitor and act upon agency (mal)performance. While studies show that the news media matters for parliamentary attention, the contingent nature of this relation has been understudied. Building on agenda‐setting theory, this study theorizes that the effect of newspaper coverage is contingent on the sentiment of coverage, the majority vs. opposition role of legislators, and the locus (committee vs. plenaries) of parliamentary questions. Supervised machine learning methods allow to code sentiment towards agencies in newspapers and parliament, after which a balanced panel relates these data to the questioning behavior of legislators in parliament over time. Results show that media attention for public agencies precedes parliamentary attention. Sentiment matters, as positive media attention, was related to (positive) parliamentary attention in the same month. Negative media attention had broader and more enduring influences on parliamentary questioning behavior.
Transfusion‐associated adverse events incidence and severity after the implementation of an active hemovigilance program with 24 h follow‐up. A prospective cohort study
Authors: Bueno José L. , Bocanegra Ana B. , Sánchez Isabel , Mateos José M. , Puyuelo Alba , García Erce José A. , Villanueva Héctor , Reaño María M. , Núñez Lucía , Losa Azucena , Arias Ana , Aguilar Miriam , Richart Luis A. , Martínez Fátima , Salgado Rosario , Royuela Ana , Cruz‐Bermúdez Juan L. , Fernández Roberto , Forés Rafael , Fornet Inocencia , Ojeda Emilio , Cabrera Rafael , Duarte Rafael F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundHemovigilance (HV) is usually based on voluntary reports (passive HV). Our aim is to ascertain credible incidence, severity, and mortality of transfusion‐associated adverse events (TAAEs) using an active HV program.Study Design and MethodsProspective cohort study to estimate transfusion risk after 46,488 transfusions in 5830 patients, using an active HV program with follow‐up within the first 24 h after transfusion. We compared these results to those with the previously established passive HV program during the same 30 months of the study. We explored factors associated with the occurrence of TAAEs using generalized estimating equations models.ResultsWith the active HV program TAAEs incidence was 57.3 (95% CI, 50.5–64.2) and mortality 1.1 (95% CI, 0.13–2.01) per 10,000 transfusions. Incidence with the new surveillance model was 14.0 times higher than with the passive. Most events occurred when transfusions had already finished (60.2%); especially pulmonary events (80.4%). Three out of five deaths and 50.3% of severe TAAEs were pulmonary. In the multivariate analysis surgical patients had half TAAEs risk when compared to medical patients (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.34–0.78) and women had nearly twice the risk of a pulmonary event compared to men (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.03–3.32). Patient's age, blood component type, or blood component shelf‐life were unrelated to TAAEs risk.DiscussionActive hemovigilance programs provide additional data which may lead to better recognition and understanding of TAAEs and their frequency and severity.
Interferon-stimulated gene TDRD7 interacts with AMPK and inhibits its activation to suppress viral replication and pathogenesis
Authors: Chakravarty Sukanya , Subramanian Gayatri , Popli Sonam , Veleeparambil Manoj , Fan Shumin , Chakravarti Ritu , Chattopadhyay Saurabh 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Many viruses activate cellular autophagy in infected cells to facilitate their replication. Recently, we identified an interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene (ISG) Tudor domain containing 7 (TDRD7), which inhibits viral replication by blocking autophagy pathway. Here, we present a molecular mechanism for TDRD7 action and its relative contribution to protection against viral pathogenesis. TDRD7 inhibited the activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a kinase required for initiating autophagy. Mechanistically, TDRD7 interacted directly with AMPK in the cytosolic compartment. Domain-mapping analyses revealed C-terminal Tudor domain of TDRD7 interacted with auto-inhibitory domain of AMPK. Deletion of Tudor domains abolished anti-AMPK and antiviral activities of TDRD7. We evaluated physiological relevance of TDRD7 function against viral replication using newly engineered TDRD7 knockout mice and the derived primary cells. TDRD7 knockout primary cells displayed increased AMPK activation, which led to a higher viral load. Subsequently, TDRD7 knockout mice showed enhanced susceptibility upon intranasal Sendai virus infection. Therefore, our study revealed a new antiviral function of IFN, mediated by TDRD7-AMPK, inhibiting viral replication and pathogenesis.

IMPORTANCE
Virus infection triggers induction of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs), which ironically inhibit viruses themselves. We identified Tudor domain-containing 7 (TDRD7) as a novel antiviral ISG, which inhibits viral replication by interfering with autophagy pathway. Here, we present a molecular basis for autophagy inhibitory function of TDRD7. TDRD7 interacted with adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the kinase that initiates autophagy, to inhibit its activation. We identified domains required for the interaction; deleting AMPK-interacting domain blocked antiAMPK and antiviral activities of TDRD7. We used primary cells and mice to evaluate the TDRD7-AMPK antiviral pathway. TDRD7-deficient primary mouse cells exhibited enhanced AMPK activation and viral replication. Finally, TDRD7 knockout mice showed increased susceptibility to respiratory virus infection. Therefore, our study revealed a new antiviral pathway of IFN and its contribution to host response. Our results have therapeutic potential; a TDRD7-derived peptide may be an effective AMPK inhibitor with application as antiviral agent.
Essential function of alveolin
Pf
IMC1g in the
Plasmodium falciparum
asexual blood stage
Authors: Cepeda Diaz Ana Karla , Rudlaff Rachel M. , Farringer Madeline , Dvorin Jeffrey D. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

The cytoskeleton of
Plasmodium
parasites is essential for replication, motility, and infectivity.
Plasmodium falciparum
leverages a family of cytoskeletal proteins known as alveolins to meet these diverse needs. The functional role of individual alveolins in
Plasmodium
blood stages, however, remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that the alveolin
Pf
IMC1g (PF3D7_0525800) is essential for
P. falciparum
asexual replication. Unlike alveolins studied in mosquito stages,
Pf
IMC1g does not play an important role in determining cell shape.
Pf
IMC1g-deficient parasites exhibit only minor defects during segmentation, with most merozoites being indistinguishable from wild type by super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, ultrastructure expansion microscopy, and electron microscopy. In the current study, we demonstrate that the absence of
Pf
IMC1g leads to parasite death shortly after merozoite internalization into red blood cells (RBCs).
Pf
IMC1g-deficient parasites egress and enter new RBCs but fail to develop into rings and die. We hypothesize that the primary role of
Pf
IMC1g is to maintain structural integrity, protecting parasites from incurring damage during the process of internalization. Along with the dispensability of
Pf
IMC1g for merozoite cell shape, we report new findings about the architecture of
Plasmodium
alveolins including the localization of
Pf
IMC1e and 1f to the basal complex.

Importance

Infection by the
Plasmodium falciparum
parasite is responsible for the most severe form of human malaria. The asexual blood stage of the parasite, which occurs inside human red blood cells, is responsible for the symptoms of malaria and is the target of most antimalarial drugs.
Plasmodium
spp. rely on their highly divergent cytoskeletal structures to scaffold their cell division, sustain the mechanical stress of invasion, and survive in both the human bloodstream and the mosquito. We investigate the function of a class of divergent intermediate filament-like proteins called alveolins in the clinically important blood stage. The functional role of individual alveolins in
Plasmodium
remains poorly understood due to pleiotropic effects of gene knockouts and redundancy among alveolins. We evaluate the localization and essentiality of the four asexual-stage alveolins and find that
Pf
IMC1g and
Pf
IMC1c are essential. Furthermore, we demonstrate that
Pf
IMC1g is critical for survival of the parasite post-invasion.
Precision detection of recent HIV infections using high-throughput genomic incidence assay
Authors: Faraci Gina , Park Sung Yong , Love Tanzy M. T. , Dubé Michael P. , Lee Ha Youn 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
HIV incidence is a key measure for tracking disease spread and identifying populations and geographic regions where new infections are most concentrated. The HIV sequence population provides a robust signal for the stage of infection. Large-scale and high-precision HIV sequencing is crucial for effective genomic incidence surveillance. We produced 1,034 full-length envelope gene sequences from a seroconversion cohort by conducting HIV microdrop sequencing and measuring the genomic incidence assay’s genome similarity index (GSI) dynamics. The measured dynamics of 9 of 12 individuals aligned with the GSI distribution estimated independently using 417 publicly available incident samples. We enhanced the capacity to identify individuals with recent infections, achieving predicted detection accuracies of 92% (89%–94%) for cases within 6 months and 81% (74%–87%) for cases within 9 months. These accuracy levels agreed with the observed detection accuracy intervals of an independent validation data set. Additionally, we produced 131 full-length envelope gene sequences from eight individuals with chronic HIV infection. This analysis confirmed a false recency rate (FRR) of 0%, which was consistent with 162 publicly available chronic samples. The mean duration of recent infection (MDRI) was 238 (209–267) days, indicating an 83% improvement in performance compared to current recent infection testing algorithms. The shifted Poisson mixture model was then used to estimate the time since infection, and the model estimates showed an 88% consistency with the days post infection derived from HIV RNA test dates and/or seroconversion dates. HIV microdrop sequencing provides unique prospects for large-scale incidence surveillance using high-throughput sequencing.

Importance
Accurate identification of recently infected individuals is vital for prioritizing specific populations for interventions, reducing onward transmission risks, and optimizing public health services. However, current HIV-specific antibody-based methods have not been satisfactory in accurately identifying incident cases, hindering the use of HIV recency testing for prevention efforts and partner protection. Genomic incidence assays offer a promising alternative for identifying recent infections. In our study, we used microdroplet technologies to produce a large number of complete HIV envelope gene sequences, enabling the accurate detection of early infection signs. We assessed the dynamics of the incidence assay’s metrics and compared them with statistical models. Our approach demonstrated high accuracy in identifying individuals with recent infections, achieving predicted detection rates exceeding 90% within 6 months and over 80% within 9 months of infection. This high-resolution method holds significant potential for enhancing the effectiveness of HIV incidence screening for case-based surveillance in public health initiatives.
Supplemental Material: Products and dynamics of lava-snow explosions: The 16 March 2017 explosion at Mount Etna, Italy
Authors: Cioni Raffaello , et al.  
Published: September 2023

<p>Item S1: List of websites hosting the three videos discussed in the text. Item S2: UAS video footage of the lava flow and the deposit of the explosion. Figure S1: Effects of the explosions. Figure S2: Relative abundance of the different clast lithologies in the different samples. Figure S3. Shape parameters relative to grain-size class. Figure S4: Density distribution for the different lithologies of the coarse material. Figure S5: Pre-eruption topography of the area invaded by the lava flow. Table S1: Sample list. Data S1: Field and laboratory data. </p>
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on antipsychotic prescribing in individuals with autism, dementia, learning disability, serious mental illness or living in a care home: a federated analysis of 59 million patients’ primary care records in situ using OpenSAFELY
Authors: Macdonald Orla , Green Amelia , Walker Alex , Curtis Helen , Croker Richard , Brown Andrew , Butler-Cole Ben , Andrews Colm , Massey Jon , Inglesby Peter , Morton Caroline , Fisher Louis , Morley Jessica , Mehrkar Amir , Bacon Sebastian , Davy Simon , Evans David , Dillingham Iain , Ward Tom , Hulme William , Bates Chris , Cockburn Jonathan , Parry John , Hester Frank , Harper Sam , O'Hanlon Shaun , Eavis Alex , Jarvis Richard , Avramov Dima , Parkes Nasreen , Wood Ian , Goldacre Ben , Mackenna Brian 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic affected how care was delivered to vulnerable patients, such as those with dementia or learning disability.ObjectiveTo explore whether this affected antipsychotic prescribing in at-risk populations.MethodsWith the approval of NHS England, we completed a retrospective cohort study, using the OpenSAFELY platform to explore primary care data of 59 million patients. We identified patients in five at-risk groups: autism, dementia, learning disability, serious mental illness and care home residents. We calculated the monthly prevalence of antipsychotic prescribing in these groups, as well as the incidence of new prescriptions in each month.FindingsThe average monthly rate of antipsychotic prescribing increased in dementia from 82.75 patients prescribed an antipsychotic per 1000 patients (95% CI 82.30 to 83.19) in January–March 2019 to 90.1 (95% CI 89.68 to 90.60) in October–December 2021 and from 154.61 (95% CI 153.79 to 155.43) to 166.95 (95% CI 166.23 to 167.67) in care homes. There were notable spikes in the rate of new prescriptions issued to patients with dementia and in care homes. In learning disability and autism groups, the rate of prescribing per 1000 decreased from 122.97 (95% CI 122.29 to 123.66) to 119.29 (95% CI 118.68 to 119.91) and from 54.91 (95% CI 54.52 to 55.29) to 51.04 (95% CI 50.74 to 51.35), respectively.Conclusion and implicationsWe observed a spike in antipsychotic prescribing in the dementia and care home groups, which correlated with lockdowns and was likely due to prescribing of antipsychotics for palliative care. We observed gradual increases in antipsychotic use in dementia and care home patients and decreases in their use in patients with learning disability or autism.
Low interobserver agreement among subspecialised breast pathologists in evaluating HER2-low breast cancer
Authors: Turashvili Gulisa , Gao Yuan , Ai Di (Andy) , Ewaz Abdulwahab M , Gjeorgjievski Sandra Gjorgova , Wang Qun , Nguyen Thi T A , Zhang Chao , Li Xiaoxian 
Published: September 2023

AimsMetastatic HER2-low breast cancer (HLBC) can be treated by trastuzumab deruxtecan. Assessment of low levels of HER2 protein expression suffers from poor interobserver reproducibility. The aim of the study was to evaluate the interobserver agreement among subspecialised breast pathologists and develop a practical algorithm for assessing HLBC.MethodsSix breast pathologists (4 juniors, 2 seniors) evaluated 106 HER2 immunostained slides with 0/1+expression. Two rounds (R1, R2) of ring study were performed before and after training with a modified Ki-67 algorithm, and concordance was assessed.ResultsAgreement with 5% increments increased from substantial to almost perfect (R1: 0.796, R2: 0.804), and remained substantial for three categories (<1% vs 1%–10% vs >10%) (R1: 0.768, R2: 0.764). Seniors and juniors had almost perfect agreement with 5% increments (R1: 0.859 and 0.821, R2: 0.872 and 0.813). For the three categories, agreement remained almost perfect among seniors (R1: 0.837, R2: 0.860) and substantial among juniors (R1: 0.792, R2: 0.768). Binary analysis showed suboptimal agreement, decreasing for both juniors and seniors from substantial (R1: 0.650 and 0.620) to moderate (R2: 0.560 and 0.554) using the 1% cut-off, and increasing from moderate to substantial (R1: 0.478, R2: 0.712) among seniors but remaining moderate (R1: 0.576, R2: 0.465) among juniors using the 10% cut-off. The average scoring time per case was higher (72 vs 92 s).ConclusionsSubspecialised breast pathologists have suboptimal agreement for immunohistochemical evaluation of HLBC using the modified Ki-67 methodology. An urgent need remains for a new assay/algorithm to reliably evaluate HLBC.
Sparsification Lower Bounds for List
H
-Coloring
Authors: Chen Hubie , Jansen Bart M. P. , Okrasa Karolina , Pieterse Astrid , Rzążewski Paweł 
Published: September 2023

We investigate the

List
H
-Coloring

problem, the generalization of graph coloring that asks whether an input graph
G
admits a homomorphism to the undirected graph
H
(possibly with loops), such that each vertex
v
∈
V
(
G
) is mapped to a vertex on its list
L
(
v
) ⊆
V
(
H
). An important result by Feder, Hell, and Huang [JGT 2003] states that

List
H
-Coloring

is polynomial-time solvable if
H
is a so-called
bi-arc graph
, and NP-complete otherwise. We investigate the NP-complete cases of the problem from the perspective of polynomial-time sparsification: can an
n
-vertex instance be efficiently reduced to an equivalent instance of bitsize

\(\mathcal {O} (n^{2-\varepsilon })\)

(
n
2-ɛ
) for some ɛ > 0? We prove that if
H
is not a bi-arc graph, then

List
H
-Coloring

does not admit such a sparsification algorithm unless

\(\mathsf {NP \subseteq coNP/poly}\)

. Our proofs combine techniques from kernelization lower bounds with a study of the structure of graphs
H
which are not bi-graphs.
Internet Addiction and Sleep Disorders among Medical Students
Authors: Kashfi Seyyed Mansour , Karami Hamed , Jafari Fatemeh , Daliri Masumeh , Yazdankhah Maryam , Kamyab Amirhossein , Khani Jeihooni Ali 
Published: September 2023

Background. Considering the increasing use of the Internet in Iranian society, especially among students, and the importance of sleep quality, the present study investigated the relationship between sleep quality and Internet addiction among medical students in Shiraz. Methods. In this descriptive-analytical study, the sample included students of the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences who were selected by a multistage sampling method in 2018. Each faculty was considered to be stratified, and the samples were selected from all strata by simple random sampling. A total of 400 student questionnaires were eligible for analysis. The level of sleep disturbance was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was used to evaluate Internet addiction. Cronbach’s alpha for PSQI and IAT was 0.77 and 0.93, respectively. Results. 109 (%28.9) and 58 (%14.4) of all the people under study were at risk of Internet addiction or poor sleep quality, respectively. The highest percentage of poor sleep quality was in those who were addicted to the Internet (60%), but the lowest percentage was observed in the group without addiction (27%). In addition, there was a significant correlation between Internet addiction and subjective sleep quality (r = 0.191,

p

= 0.05), sleep latency (r = 0.129,

p

= 0.01), sleep duration (r = 0.119,

p

= 0.01), habitual sleep efficiency (r = 0.186,

p

= 0.05), sleep disturbances (r = 0.169,

p

= 0.01), use of sleeping medication (r = 0.203,

p

= 0.05), and daytime dysfunction (r = 0.188,

p

= 0.05). Conclusion. These findings help national health officials and planners in Iran to design appropriate and effective interventions to improve students’ health and prevent Internet addiction.