bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topical emollient prevents the development of atopic dermatitis and atopic march in mice
Authors: Zhang Jiayi , Xu Xintian , Wang Xiaopan , Zhang Li , Hu Mengyan , Le Yunchen , Chen Lihong , Zheng Jie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo investigate the effect of emollient on atopic march in a murine model of atopic dermatitis (AD). Following induction of AD with topical calcipotriol (MC903) and ovalbumin (OVA), one group of mice was treated topically with a linoleic acid‐ceramide‐containing emollient, while mice without emollient treatment served as disease controls. After 28 days, clinical, histological and transcriptomic analyses were performed in the skin lesions and the lung as well as serum cytokine levels. Treatments of mice with MC903 and OVA induced a typical phenotype of AD, accompanied by increased expression levels of Th2 and basophil‐related genes in the lung. Topical emollients markedly decreased the severity of skin lesions and inflammatory cell infiltration. Moreover, emollient treatments significantly downregulated expression levels of AD‐related genes (286 of 1450 differentially expressed genes), including those related to innate inflammation (S100a8/a9, Il1b, Defb3/6, Mmp12), chemokines (Cxcl1/3, Ccl3/4) and epidermal permeability barrier (Krt2/6b/80, Serpinb12, Lce3e, Sprr2), etc. Downregulated genes were enriched in mitochondrial OXPHOS‐related pathways, while upregulated genes were mainly enriched in axon guidance and tight junctions. Moreover, topical emollient treatments decreased total serum levels of IL‐4, along with substantial reductions in IgE and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) levels. Furthermore, 187 of 275 upregulated genes in lung tissue were also significantly downregulated, including those involved in leucocyte chemotaxis (Ccl9, Ccr2, Retnlg, Ccl3, Cxcl10, Il1r2, etc.) and basophil activation (Mcpt8, Cd200r3, Fcer1a, Ms4a2). In conclusion, topical emollient not only reduces skin inflammation, but also mitigates systemic inflammation by decreasing TSLP and IgE levels. Moreover, topical emollient reduces chemokine production and basophil infiltration and activation in the lung.
The unexpected long period of elevated CH4 emissions from an inundated fen meadow ended only with the occurrence of cattail (Typha latifolia)
Authors: Antonijević Danica , Hoffmann Mathias , Prochnow Annette , Krabbe Karoline , Weituschat Mirjam , Couwenberg John , Ehlert Sigrid , Zak Dominik , Augustin Jürgen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDrainage and agricultural use transform natural peatlands from a net carbon (C) sink to a net C source. Rewetting of peatlands, despite of high methane (CH4) emissions, holds the potential to mitigate climate change by greatly reducing CO2 emissions. However, the time span for this transition is unknown because most studies are limited to a few years. Especially, nonpermanent open water areas often created after rewetting, are highly productive. Here, we present 14 consecutive years of CH4 flux measurements following rewetting of a formerly long‐term drained peatland in the Peene valley. Measurements were made at two rewetted sites (non‐inundated vs. inundated) using manual chambers. During the study period, significant differences in measured CH4 emissions occurred. In general, these differences overlapped with stages of ecosystem transition from a cultivated grassland to a polytrophic lake dominated by emergent helophytes, but could also be additionally explained by other variables. This transition started with a rapid vegetation shift from dying cultivated grasses to open water floating and submerged hydrophytes and significantly increased CH4 emissions. Since 2008, helophytes have gradually spread from the shoreline into the open water area, especially in drier years. This process was periodically delayed by exceptional inundation and eventually resulted in the inundated site being covered by emergent helophytes. While the period between 2009 and 2015 showed exceptionally high CH4 emissions, these decreased significantly after cattail and other emergent helophytes became dominant at the inundated site. Therefore, CH4 emissions declined only after 10 years of transition following rewetting, potentially reaching a new steady state. Overall, this study highlights the importance of an integrative approach to understand the shallow lakes CH4 biogeochemistry, encompassing the entire area with its mosaic of different vegetation forms. This should be ideally done through a study design including proper measurement site allocation as well as long‐term measurements.
Exploring the attitudes of general dental practitioners to providing dietary advice alongside oral rehabilitation for older adults
Authors: O’Kane Ruairí , Watson Sinead , Woodside Jayne , McKenna Gerald J. 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveWe aimed to capture General Dental Practitioners' (GDPs) views on delivering dietary advice to older adults in combination with treatment to replace missing teeth and identify solutions to help inform the development and implementation of future dietary interventions within primary dental care.BackgroundAs natural teeth are lost, older adults may need to choose softer, more manageable foods which might be of lower nutrient density. Previous research has indicated that prosthodontic rehabilitation can improve masticatory function but not the intake of nutrients, highlighting a potential need for a combined approach of oral rehabilitation and dietary counselling.Materials and MethodsSemi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted with a purposive sampling strategy of 12 GDPs. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. An iterative coding process using theme‐analytic methods was used.ResultsTwelve interviews were conducted with GDPs in the United Kingdom. The themes that emerged from the interviews included: the awareness of the importance of dietary advice among GDPs; the concerns GDPs had on patients' adherence to dietary advice; uncertainty over roles and responsibilities in the provision of dietary advice; and the limited time and remuneration for dietary advice in dental practice. A minor theme identified was the motivation of GDPs to implement dietary advice alongside oral rehabilitation. All reported that they were already providing dietary advice to their patients but that this was limited to caries prevention.ConclusionThe GDPs interviewed expressed positive attitudes towards providing dietary advice alongside oral rehabilitation for older adults. However, a lack of confidence, awareness, time and remuneration are barriers to its provision in primary dental care. To facilitate the implementation of dietary advice alongside oral rehabilitation, clear guidance on and training in delivering dietary advice and multidisciplinary cooperation are required.
A review of the utility of prognostic tools in predicting 6‐month mortality in cancer patients, conducted in the context of voluntary assisted dying
Authors: Treleaven Lydia , Komesaroff Paul , La Brooy Camille , Olver Ian , Kerridge Ian , Philip Jennifer 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundEligibility to access the Victorian voluntary assisted dying (VAD) legislation requires that people have a prognosis of 6 months or less (or 12 months or less in the setting of a neurodegenerative diagnosis). Yet prognostic determination is frequently inaccurate and prompts clinician discomfort. Based on functional capacity and clinical and biochemical markers, prognostic tools have been developed to increase the accuracy of life expectancy predictions.AimsThis review of prognostic tools explores their accuracy to determine 6‐month mortality in adults when treated under palliative care with a primary diagnosis of cancer (the diagnosis of a large proportion of people who are requesting VAD).MethodsA systematic search of the literature was performed on electronic databases Medline, Embase and Cinahl.ResultsLimitations of prognostication identified include the following: (i) prognostic tools still provide uncertain prognoses; (ii) prognostic tools have greater accuracy predicting shorter prognoses, such as weeks to months, rather than 6 months; and (iii) functionality was often weighted significantly when calculating prognoses. Challenges of prognostication identified include the following: (i) the area under the curve (a value that represents how well a model can distinguish between two outcomes) cannot be directly interpreted clinically and (ii) difficulties exist related to determining appropriate thresholds of accuracy in this context.ConclusionsPrognostication is a significant aspect of VAD, and the utility of the currently available prognostic tools appears limited but may prompt discussions about prognosis and alternative means (other than prognostic estimates) to identify those eligible for VAD.
An agronomic study of legacy effects from annual legume pastures in acid soils
Authors: Kidd Daniel , Premaratne Manjula , Wisdom Joanne , Nicol Dion , Ryan Megan H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe use of acid soil‐tolerant annual legume pasture species and liming to raise soil pH can have legacy effects that improve subsequent wheat crop growth in acid soils. We established a two‐year experiment in a semi‐arid environment with and without historical lime application to investigate how acid soils (±lime) influence the legacy effects of annual legume pastures. We measured legume and cereal growth and yield, soil‐borne disease incidence, rhizosheath organic acid type and amount, legume biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and soil moisture in Year 1, and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and wheat yield and quality in Year 2. Minor differences in soil moisture and soil‐borne diseases occurred between cereals and legumes, and the poor BNF contribution of all pasture legumes improved in lime treatments. Pasture legumes produced more organic acids than cereals, which increased in limed treatments. Soil MBC in Year 2 was greater following legumes than cereals. Year 2 wheat grain yield increased following pasture legumes, more so in limed treatments. The contribution of organic acid exudation by annual legume pastures to microbial community legacy effects warrants further scrutiny in semi‐arid environments, particularly when acid soils limit typical rotational benefits.
Irritability and rejection‐elicited aggression in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Quarmley Megan , Vafiadis Athena , Jarcho Johanna M. 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundViolence exacts staggering personal and financial costs – a burden disproportionally born by adolescents and young adults. This may be partially due to an increased sensitivity to social rejection during this critical phase of development. Irritability, a transdiagnostic symptom, is often elicited by social interactions. Yet, little is known about age differences in social rejection‐elicited aggression and irritability. Progress toward testing such relations has been hindered by a lack of ecologically‐valid tasks that enable the measurement of in‐the‐moment social rejection‐elicited aggression.MethodsIn this paper, we describe an initial study of young adults (n = 55) that demonstrates the efficacy of a novel Virtual School and Aggression Paradigm (VS‐AP). Next, we replicate these results in a second study of adolescents and young adults (ages 11–25 years; n = 173) and examine relations between social rejection‐elicited aggression, irritability, and age.ResultsWe found that aggressive behavior in the VS‐AP differed for accepting, rejecting, and unpredictable peer types (Study 1: F(2, 108) = 20.57, p < .001, ε2 = .28; Study 2: F(2, 344) = 152.13, p < .001, ε2 = .47), demonstrating that the VS‐AP successfully models social rejection‐elicited aggression. In Study 2, age was negatively correlated with aggressive behavior (r = −.29, p < .001) and irritability (r = −.28, p < .001), while irritability was positively correlated with aggressive behavior (r = .28, p < .001). Age moderated the relation between social rejection‐elicited aggression and irritability. Specifically, irritability was more predictive of aggression in young adults than in adolescents (F(3, 167) = 7.07, p < .001).ConclusionsData suggest mechanisms promoting rejection‐elicited aggression may differ across development and vary for those with and without high levels of irritability. The VS‐AP is a promising tool for probing neurocognitive, developmental, and clinically relevant mechanisms underlying social rejection‐elicited aggression.
Psychopharmacology attitudes, beliefs, and practices among systemic family therapists and supervisors
Authors: Jones Adam C. , Robinson W. David , Delbridge Emilee J. , Brown Braden J. , McPhee Douglas P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMany aspects of systemic family therapist (SFT) training and competence play a vital role in effective treatment and professional satisfaction. One area that has been significantly overlooked by many SFTs is the role of psychotropic medication (PM) in conjunction with talk therapy for optimal mental health outcomes. This study explores the current status of PM in SFT training and clinical practice. Our findings highlight the continued struggle of SFTs in their comfort level with addressing the PM needs of their clients. We identified a perceived inadequacy of SFT training and supervision regarding PM use. SFTs around the world need to find educational opportunities to improve their competence in working with their clients and their prescribed medications. Additional studies need to be conducted on strategies and mechanisms to improve client care. If SFTs are ignorant of PM, their treatment of clients—who often use PM—will be compromised.
The scrotum: A comparison of men's and women's aesthetic assessments
Authors: Albrecht Paula , Eimer Carolin , Kasten Erich 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundCosmetic surgery is a growing trend. Opportunities for an individual to attain their personal aesthetic ideal via plastic surgery have now extended as far as the genital area. Adaptive surgery on intimate areas of the body may take place for physical complaints, but may instead be due to a desire to conform to a particular ideal. Breast operations, labia reductions, and penis lengthening are long‐established interventions, the motives for which a number of previous studies have examined. Tightening of the scrotum, by contrast, is a new trend in the aesthetic surgery market. Notwithstanding its rapid increase, studies have yet to investigate aesthetic preferences as regards the scrotum.AimsAccordingly, the aim of the present study is to compare men's and women's evaluation of various sizes of scrotum, to the end of assisting people opting to undergo this procedure in taking decisions on their visual preferences.Material and MethodsThe participants in this study rated a number of photographs of scrotums, in nine different lengths and widths, and completed a questionnaire whose aim was to determine whether assessments differed by gender. Further, we considered whether the variables of age, extraversion, openness to experience, and consumption of pornography influenced participants' evaluations.ResultsWe found no significant differences in evaluation of the aesthetic of scrotums in relation to any of these personality traits. The results show what sizes (lengths and widths) of scrotum the participants judged to be the most and least attractive.DiscussionThe esthetics of the scrotum is little explored. In this study, only normal deviations were considered, i.e. within one standard adjustment. Further studies should consider extremes.ConclusionUltimately, it was barely possible to identify a “beautiful” scrotum; we must instead speak of the least ugly.
Additional diagnostic value of CNV‐seq over conventional karyotyping in prenatal diagnosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Luo Heng , Wang Qian , Fu Dan , Gao Jun , Lu Dan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the additional diagnostic value of CNV‐seq over conventional karyotyping on the part of chromosomal abnormalities in prenatal diagnosis.MethodThis was a systematic review conducted in accordance with PRISMA criteria. In order to clarify related research, PubMed, Web of Science databases (including Core Collection, BIOSIS Previews, MEDLINE, and so on), The Cochrane Library and Wiley Online Library were searched with the terms: “prenatal diagnosis,” “CNV‐seq,” “karyotyping,” published from January 2010 to May 2022. No language restrictions. RenMan 5.4 was used for the meta‐analysis.ResultsEight studies were included in this systemic review and meta‐analysis, including 11 091 pregnant women with high‐risk pregnancy factors or with structurally abnormal fetus under ultrasound. CNV‐seq detected a 2% (95% CI, −0% to 4%) additional chromosomal anomalies over conventional karyotyping in the six series. A 4% (95% CI, 3%–6%) pooled mean incremental yield of pathogenic CNVs by CNV‐seq over karyotyping was observed, with a 1%–16% range.ConclusionCNV‐seq, applied in prenatal diagnosis, may detect more chromosomal abnormalities when compared with karyotyping. With the advantages of wide coverage, high throughput, high resolution, no culture, good compatibility, and adjustable sequencing depth, CNV‐seq has high application value in prenatal diagnosis.
The role of aviation networks for urban development
Authors: Cristea Anca D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCity officials are continuously working to attract airlines willing to fly to new destinations. The inherent expectation is that a more extensive aviation network stimulates economic growth. This paper investigates empirically the causal implication of this hypothesis. Using data on nonstop flights by origin and destination over the period 1984–2013, we propose a new measure for a metropolitan area's connectivity to the national aviation network. We then use this measure to investigate its contribution to local economic development, as captured by the growth in population, in total employment, in per‐capita income, and new firm entry. To ensure causality, we use instrumental variable methods that exploit geography and destination airports growth as a way to capture the exogenous variation in the likelihood to add new travel routes. Our results suggest that a metropolitan area's air connectivity, resulting from an expansive local aviation network, has a positive effect on population, on employment and on the number of businesses established in that location.
Effectiveness of 2‐dimensional shear wave elastography for noninvasive and reliable estimation of right atrial pressure in dogs with induced volume overload
Authors: Tamura Masahiro , Ohta Hiroshi , Osuga Tatsuyuki , Takiguchi Mitsuyoshi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundTwo‐dimensional shear wave elastography (2D‐SWE) provides information on hepatic elastic modulus as shear wave velocity (SWV).Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo assess SWV using 2D‐SWE in dogs with induced volume overload, investigate the relationship between this information and right atrial pressure (RAP) measured by invasive right heart catheterization, and also evaluate the difference in SWV before and after diuretic administration.AnimalsSix healthy beagles.MethodsProspective experimental study. Right heart catheterization and 2D‐SWE were performed in 6 anesthetized beagles at baseline and after the induction of volume overload. Volume overload was induced by IV hydroxyethyl starch 70/0.5 infusion (100 mL/kg/h). Furosemide (4‐6 mg/kg, IV) was administered, and the SWVs were measured.ResultsShear wave velocity showed a significant gradual increase during acute volume overload compared to baseline. SWV was significantly positively correlated with RAP (P < .0001, ρ = 0.9729). The area under the curve of SWV to predict RAP at >10, >15, and >20 mm Hg was 0.9896 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.9690‐1.000), 0.9907 (95% CI, 0.9701‐1.000), and 0.9722 (95% CI, 0.9280‐1.000), respectively. The SWV after diuretic use decreased significantly.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceTwo‐dimensional shear wave elastography might be useful for noninvasive and reliable estimation of RAP in dogs with acute volume overload and has potential as a quantitative biomarker for evaluating therapeutic response in dogs with right sided congestive heart failure.
Toll‐like receptor 7 agonist, GS‐986, is an immune‐stimulant inducing follicular helper T cells and expanding HBs antigen‐specific B cells in vitro
Authors: Mori Taizo , Yoshio Sachiyo , Yoshikawa Shiori , Tsustui Yuriko , Sakata Toshihiro , Yoshida Yuichi , Sakamoto Yuzuru , Kawai Hironari , Osawa Yosuke , Yamazoe Taiji , Aoki Yoshihiko , Fletcher Simon P. , Kanto Tatsuya 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgrounds and AimsToll‐like receptor (TLR) agonists have been developed as adjuvants to efficiently induce antiviral immune responses. Specificity and potency of these compounds are essential requirements for clinical trial applications. In patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections, sustained loss of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is a therapeutic goal, which may be achievable by the sequential activation of follicular helper T cells (Tfh) and antibody‐secreting B cells. We aimed to elucidate whether novel TLR7 agonist, GS‐986, could activate immune responses involved in HBV elimination.MethodsTo clarify the impact of GS‐986 on pDCs, we quantified the expression levels of surface markers and evaluated for Tfh induction in a culture model consisting of human pDCs with allogeneic naïve CD4+ T cells. In addition, we examined whether GS‐986 could enhance HBs antibody production capacity using PBMC from CHB patients.ResultspDCs from CHB patients had lower OX40L expression and as well as impaired capacity for Tfh induction compared with those from healthy donors. However, GS‐986–stimulated pDCs from CHB patients expressed OX40L and produced IL‐6 and IL‐12, resulting in the induction of IL‐21–producing Tfh cells (CXCR5+PD‐1+CD4+) from naïve CD4+ T cells. The Tfh‐inducing capacity of GS‐986 was reduced in the presence of an anti‐OX40L blocking antibody. Furthermore, GS‐986 promoted HBsAg‐specific antibody production in PBMCs from CHB patients.ConclusionsGS‐986 is an adjuvant that stimulates pDCs to induce Tfh differentiation and antigen‐specific B‐cell production. This immune profile may be beneficial for therapeutic application as an immune modulator in CHB patients.