bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors (IMSCTs): Outcome after surgical resection in 35 cases and review of literature
Authors: Sharma Gopal Raman , Joshi Sumit , Poudel Prakash , Karki Prassana , Shah Damber Bikram , Pokharel Baburam 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors (IMSCTs) are rare and they represent only 5% of all spinal tumors. Ependymoma and astrocytoma are two most common IMSCTs. Due to recent advances in micro instruments, imaging and technology, aggressive surgical excision has become a safer possibility with better outcome. Aim of this study is to analyze functional outcome of patients after surgical resection of IMSCTs and review of literature.
METHODOLOGY Over a period of 4 years, between May 2017 and January 2021, 35 patients were operated for IMSCTs under general anesthesia. Neurophysiological monitoring (NPM) was recently available and used only in last few cases. CUSA was used whenever required in these microsurgical procedures. This retrospective study was carried out after retrieving data from OT registers, inpatient files, OPD records, and statistical analysis was executed using SPSS software (version 18). Functional outcome was assessed by McCormick grading scale and mean follow up period was 2.5 years.
RESULTS Out of 35 patients, 17 were male and 18 female. Mean age distribution was 27.57(+/-17.68). On admission, 30 patients had motor deficits, 18 had neck or back pain, 10 had sphincter dysfunction, 7 had kyphoscoliosis and 2 patients had normal neurology. MRI with IV contrast of these 35 patients revealed intramedullary lesions at cervical (11), cervicomedullary (4), thoracic (8), cervicothoracic (2), thoracolumbar (3), conus (6) and lumbar (1) regions. 22 patients had gross total and 13 had subtotal resection. Histological examination confirmed 30 glial tumors (ependymoma & astrocytoma), 2 dermoid/epidermoid, 2 neurenteric cysts and 1 secondary. Postoperative complication was 17% and there was no surgery related 30 days’ mortality. Functional outcome was measured by McCormick grade before and after microsurgical resection. Preoperatively 3(8.5%) patients had low grade or independent and 32 (91.4%) had high grade or dependent. Postoperatively and at the time of discharge 14 (40%) of patients had low grade or independent and 21 (60%) were dependent or high grade. On last followed up (4 years) 15 (48.3%) had low grade and 16 (51.6%) had high grade or dependent. In our series, on followed up of 4 years, recurrence rate was 5(14.2%), They were 2 astrocytoma, 1 secondary, and 2 myxopapillary ependymomas. Two patients with myxopapillary ependymoma were operated twice and no radiotherapy was advocated. 8 (22.6%) patients received local radiation and recurrence rate was 17.2%.
CONCLUSION Safe resection of intramedullary lesion is possible with the aid of modern neurosurgical tools, however, functional outcome relies on preoperative neurological status of the patients, extent of excision and histology of tumor. Risk factors for recurrence of IMSCTS are extent of resection and histological behavior of tumor.
Retrospective Study on transfusion requirements and deep vein thrombosis incidence with the use of Tranexamic acid on total knee replacement
Authors: Rana R , Lakhey S , Jha D , Chitrakar N , Thakur J , Poudel A 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND Total knee replacement is often associated with significant blood loss and increased rate of blood transfusion. Tranexamic acid is a potent anti-fibrinolytic agent and its use in major surgeries has shown to decrease blood loss as well as transfusion rates. It is used intravenous, oral and topical forms as well. This study aims to find out the effectiveness of systemic Tranexamic acid in terms of decrease in transfusion rate as well incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and thromboembolism.
MATERIALS AND METHODS Total number of patients were 94 of which 58 had bilateral knees replacement and 36 patient underwent unilateral knee replacement over the period of 3 years (December 2018 –December 2021). All patients were screened for general condition as well as any coagulopathy pre –op. All patients were given IV form of Tranexamic acid followed by oral form for 3 days post operatively. Tourniquet was used in all cases and low molecular weight heparin (Clexane) 40 mg subcutaneous once a day for 1-2 days followed by oral aspirin was given for 6 weeks to all patients. SCD calf pumps were used for 4 to 5 days.
RESULTS We found that incidence of blood transfusion was only 6.9% in our case series which was well within the incidence reported in varied literature on the use of Tranexamic acid in knee replacement surgery. There was no clinical feature of deep vein thrombosis / pulmonary embolism (DVT/PE) in any of our patients.
CONCLUSION Use of Tranexamic acid is a safe and effective method for controlling blood loss and decreasing the transfusion rate after total knee replacement surgery. Its intravenous and oral forms are readily available and cost effective. Its use is not associated with DVT or PE.
Low-volume Plasma Exchange In Immune-mediated Neurological Diseases : A tertiary care center study
Authors: Shrestha Aashish , Gajurel Bikram Prasad , Karn Ragesh , Ojha Rajeev , Rajbhandari Reema , Gautam Niraj , Shahi Sumit , Ghimire Pukar , Panthee Pradeep , Bijukchhe Sanjeev M 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND The optimal cost benefit of standard plasma exchange (SPE) has not been met where most of the patients do not afford the treatment. As an alternative, low volume plasma exchange (LVPE) is cost-effective than SPE where albumin replacement is eliminated. The aim of this study was to analyse the efficacy and safety of LVPE in various Immune mediated neurological diseases (IMND).
METHODS A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted in patients with IMND who were admitted in TUTH between October 15, 2020, and October 14, 2022. Hemodynamically stable patients over the age of 18 who met the plasma exchange criteria were eligible. Outcomes and treatment-related complications were studied separately for the different diseases.
RESULTS Of the 29 patients enrolled, 3 had Myasthenia gravis (MG), 6 had Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), 11 had Gullian Barre syndrome (GBS), 6 had Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), and 3 had Autoimmune encephalitis (AE). Patients with MG, GBS, and CIDP all showed statistically significant improvement in mRS scores from 2.3±0.6 to 0 (p value = 0.0198), 3.03±1.8 to 2.2±1.4 (p value=0.0046) and 2.5±1.4 to 1.8±1(p value=0.025) respectively by the time they were discharged following treatment. Two patients developed Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and two developed anaphylaxis during the course of their treatment, although none deteriorated further while in the hospital.
CONCLUSION LVPE was effective in MG, GBS and CIDP. Myasthenia crisis patients who re-quired mechanical ventilation demonstrated complete resolution with LVPE making it a potential life-saving alternative for those who cannot afford standard therapy.
Implementation of E-Government in Uttar Pradesh: A Study of Allahabad District
Authors: Kant Neelam 
Published: February 2023

Among the many effects of new and expanding information and communication technology and the digital revolution, one major effect is the reality and potential of ICT to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of government and making government more responsive to the needs of their citizens. This is e-government- the use of information and communications technologies to transform government to make more efficient, effective transparent and accountable. We can say that e-government can make government more SMART i.e. Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive and Transparent. Essentially SMART captures all the important attributes of good governance. E- government is a generic term for web-based services from agencies of Local, state and federal government. E-government defined by other sources is as follows. The e-Government efforts by the European Union are based on the definition, "E-Government is the use of Information and Communication technologies in Public Administration combined with organizations and service and democratic processes.
ANALISIS UPAYA PENYELESAIAN KONFLIK RUSIA - UKRAINA TAHUN 2022
Authors: Izzuddin Adib , Indrakorniawan Rossi , Stiarso Hastian Akbar 
Published: February 2023

Abstrak:Konflik antara Rusia dan Ukraina, sebelumnya terjadi karena Rusia melakukan aneksasi terhadap wilayah Krimea dan terbukti mendukung gerakan separatis di Donbas, Ukraina pada tahun 2014. Setelah tahun 2014, proses resolusi konflik ini sempat mengalami stagnasi. Pada akhirnya di awal tahun 2022, Rusia kemudian memutuskan untuk melakukan invasi terhadap Ukraina dan membuat konflik ini kembali memanas. Dengan memanasnya konflik tersebut di tahun 2022, maka timbullah pertanyaan mengenai bagaimana upaya resolusi konflik yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengakhiri konflik di atas. Tulisan ini akan berfokus pada analisis konflik di tahun 2022 dan opsi dalam penyelesaian konflik tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menunjukkan opsi penyelesaian konflik Rusia-Ukraina jika menerapkan proses resolusi konflik yang dikemukakan oleh Johan Galtung. Pemaparan akan dilakukan dengan membedah konsep resolusi konflik peacemaking, peacekeeping, dan peace building. Model analisis analogi bawang bombay juga digunakan dalam membantu melihat posisi, kepentingan, dan kebutuhan masing-masing aktor yang terlibat dalam konflik. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa upaya penyelesaian konflik Ukraina harus diupayakan untuk diselesaikan untuk menggunakan metode litigasi dan nonlitigasi. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya aktor – aktor besar yang terlibat sehingga resolusi melalui koersif cenderung kurang efektif.Kata kunci: Rusia-Ukraina, Resolusi Konflik, Johan Galtung. Abstract:The conflict between Russia and Ukraine, previously occurred because Russia annexed the Crimea region and was proven to support the separatist movement in Donbas, Ukraine in 2014. After 2014, the conflict resolution process had stagnated. In the end, in early 2022, Russia then decided to invade Ukraine and make this conflict heat up again. With the escalation of the conflict in 2022, the question arises about how conflict resolution efforts can be made to overcome conflict. This article will focus on analyzing the conflict in 2022 and the options for conflict resolutions. The purpose of this study is to show the options for resolving the Russian-Ukrainian conflict if you apply the conflict resolution concept proposed by Johan Galtung. The presentation will be carried out by dissecting the concepts of peace conflict resolution, peacekeeping, and peace building. The onion analysis model is also used in helping to see the position, interests, and needs of each actor involved in the conflict. This research shows that the conflict resolution must be done using litigation and non–litigation models. Because there are major actors that are involved in this conflict so that coercive models would not be effective.Keywords:Russia-Ukraine, Conflict Resolution, Johan Galtung.
ALASAN PBB MEMPERPANJANG MISI UNAMA DI AFGHANISTAN
Authors: Putri Leniana Devi Rrahmawati , Khairunnisa Salma Fauziah 
Published: February 2023

UNAMA merupakan badan yang mengemban misi politik PBB dalam menciptakan perdamaian dan kestabilan di Afghanistan. Dibentuk pada tahun 2002, UNAMA telah banyak berperan dalam mengatasi situasi konflik yang mengancam keamanan masyarakat sipil dan kestabilan negara. Salah satu aktor yang menyebabkan ketidakstabilan tersebut adalah kelompok Taliban. Pada 15 Agustus 2021, Taliban kembali menguasai Afghanistan setelah berhasil dipukul mundur oleh Amerika Serikat pada tahun 2001. Dengan kembali berkuasanya Taliban di Afghanistan ternyata tidak membuat UNAMA menarik diri walau banyak tekanan dari dunia internasional. Menggunakan pisau analisis Teori Organisasi Internasional penulis melihat bahwa terdapat beberapa faktor yang menjadi alasan perpanjangan mandat UNAMA. Faktor-faktor tersebut meliputi promosi perdamaian dan kondisi sosial ekonomi yang semakin memprihatinkan sejak terjadi peralihan kekuasaan ke Taliban.Kata Kunci: Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, UNAMA, Afghanistan, Taliban.
Prototype of Room Temperature and Humidity Monitoring Device in Shallot Storage Using Microcontroller Arduino
Authors: Nugraha Syaiful , Agus Prayitno  , Patawaran Nilfred , Rachmat  
Published: February 2023

Allium ascalonicum L or commonly referred to as shallot is one type of horticultural plant that is important because it is widely used by humans as a mixture of spices in cooking. The need for shallots increasing every day accompanied by a large number of agricultural products, causing the stability of shallot availability in Merauke County to become unstable, To support the needs of consumers shallots imported from outside Merauke. Therefore the condition of the shallots in the storage area is cold and humid. While waiting to be sold in the storage area, it must be maintained temperature and humidity to reduce decay and shrinkage. This prototype monitoring device works to measure and maintain the temperature and humidity in the storage. The data collection method in this study is Literature Study, Observation, Interview, and Documentation. Microcontroller devices are designed or made to be able to control the state of temperature and humidity in the room where the onion is stored. The device also gives notifications via text message to users to be able to find out the state of the onion storage. The results of the study conducted using the DHT11 sensor obtained a temperature measurement accuracy rate of 93.848% and a humidity accuracy rate was 91.808%. This device can detect the temperature and humidity values in the shallot storage room.
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ НАПРУЖЕНО-ДЕФОРМОВАНОГО СТАНУ ЗГИНАЛЬНИХ ДЕРЕВ’ЯНИХ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ПІДСИЛЕНИХ КОМПОЗИТНИМИ ТА МЕТАЛЕВИМИ МАТЕРІАЛАМИ
Authors: Гомон Петро 
Published: February 2023

Обґрунтовано доцільність армування композитною арматурою розтягнутої зони деревини та стальною арматурою стиснутої зони деревини згинальних елементів. Встановлено основні передумови для армування дерев’яного елементу композитними та металевими матеріалами. Описані передумови для встановлення напружено-деформований стану для дерев’яних елементів з армуванням стиснутої та розтягнутої зони. Наведено алгоритм для визначення графіку “момент-кривина” для використання різними функціями.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПОЗДОВЖНІХ ШПОНКОВИХ СТИКІВ ПЛИТ ПОКРИТТЯ З ВРАХУВАННЯМ СЕЙСМІЧНОГО НАВАНТАЖЕННЯ НА ВИРОБНИЧИХ БУДІВЛЯХ
Authors: Кравець Іван , Лучко Йосип , Пенцак Андрій 
Published: February 2023

У даній роботі представлено результати дослідження міцності покриття виробничої будівлі заводу електродвигунів у м. Ужгороді. Зокрема, дослідження шпонкових стиків плит покриття головного корпусу. На підставі обстеження було виявлено, що у 60-ти змонтованих плитах відсутні шпонки для сейсмічних районів, що стало причиною обстежень та сформулювати задачі дослідження, які наведені у цій роботі. Були виконані три типи фрагментів стиків і випробувані. Представлена конструкція та міцність бетонів дослідних зразків і швів замонолічування, наведено в табл. 1. Результати порівняння несучої здатності поздовжніх шпонкових і безшпонкових швів дослідних зразків та визначених за нормативними даними, їх порівняння наведені в табл. 2. Також описано випробування дослідних зразків, зокрема появу тріщин і руйнівне навантаження. На підставі аналізу обстежень та експериментальних і розрахункових даних сформульовані відповідні висновки та пропозиції щодо подальшої експлуатації будівлі головного корпусу заводу електродвигунів.
СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ПРОБЛЕМИ РЕКОНСТРУКЦІЇ АВТОДОРОЖНИХ МОСТІВ
Authors: Сінь Яо , Шуляр Р.А. , Салійчук Л.В. , Кваша В.Г. 
Published: February 2023

Описані конструктивно-технологічні рішення декількох найбільш розповсюджених типів збірних залізобетонних мостів, збудованих у великій кількості за першими типовими проектами в 50-60 рр. минулого сторіччя під час переорієнтації будівельної галузі країни на масове застосування збірного залізобетону. Серед них: збірні перехресно-ребристі (діафрагмові) прольотні будови з багаторядною каркасною арматурою за ТП вип. 56; плитно-ребристі (бездіафрагмові), розроблені ПІ «Союздорпроект» в 1962 р. як вдосконалення ТП вип. 56 (ТП вип. 56д-доповнення 1962 р.); розроблені в УкрдортрансНДІ (ДерждорНДІ) прольотні будови із збірних залізобетонних попередньо напружених струнобетонних балок. Представлена загальна характеристика цих типів прольотних будов, їх переваги і недоліки, номенклатура основних дефектів та пошкоджень, як результат незадовільної експлуатації, а також умови і можливості їх використання під час реконструкції і подальшої експлуатації після неї.В проблемі проектування реконструкції мостів існує повний безлад. Низькокваліфіковані, але дешеві проектувальники, не маючи досвіду проектування реконструкції, під титулом «Реконструкція» без будь-яких техніко-економічних обгрунтувань проектують повну перебудову моста за зовсім іншою конструктивною схемою та із застосуванням зовсім інших конструкцій, що тягне за собою збільшення вартості у 3-3,5 рази порівняно з реконструкцією за умови подальшого використання існуючих конструкцій в реконструйованій споруді. Це недопустимо. Перебудова моста за іншою конструктивною схемою не повинна вважатись реконструкцією, а новим будівництвом. Для типових прольотних будов необхідно розробити типові проекти реконструкції з економічно ефективними конструктивними рішеннями.
Описана досить ефективна і відносно малозатратна система реконструкції мостів, розроблена і опрацьована в ГНДЛ-88 та впроваджена на багатьох об’єктах реконструкції. Її суть зводиться до розширення прольотних будов монолітною або збірно-монолітною залізобетонною накладною плитою з великими консольними звисами до 3,5…4,0 м та одночасним підсиленням балок зміною їх статичної схеми з розрізної на нерозрізну або повністю защемлену на опорах.Проблеми реконструкції мостів потрібно вирішувати комплексно за неперервного інвестиційного процесу: проект реконструкції, проект виконання реконструкції, проект майбутньої експлуатації після реконструкції.
ВИПРОБУВАННЯ НА СТИСK ТА РОЗТЯГ ЗРАЗКІВ ПЛАСТИКУ (ABS ТА PLA) ВИГОТОВЛЕНИХ МЕТОДОМ 3D ДРУКУ
Authors: Демчина Богдан , Вознюк Леонід , Сурмай Михайло , Гавриляк Степан 
Published: February 2023

У статті описано дослідження фізико-механічних характеристик ABS та PLA пластиків на стиск і розтяг. У результаті досліджень на стиск експериментально отримано кубикову міцність дослідних зразків, а на основі дослідження пластиків на ротяг умовний модуль пружності та побудовано графіки "напруження-деформація". Виконано порівняння експериментальних характеристик ABS та PLA пластиків.
Ключові слова: пластик, 3D-друк, випробування, міцність, модуль пружності.
An assessment of clinical trials used in functional food science
Authors: Marecek Samantha , Martirosyan Danik 
Published: February 2023

Abstract: The emergence of chronic diseases with nutritional origin has rendered the wide use of clinical trials and intervention strategies necessary. Clinical trials have become a “gold standard” for testing the health impacts of different dietary changes; however, they also pose a potential risk to participants. Particularly with clinical trials used in food studies, there is an added complexity of food chemistry and food behavior as well as unique ethical issues related to clinical nutrition trials such as a potential violation of the right to be fed, disruption of food culture, and the need for food security. Thus, it becomes imperative to have a basic understanding of the key principles and methodology of different clinical trials to enable researchers to determine the best type of clinical trial for their functional food nutrition study. The progression of clinical nutrition trials is promising, but there is an increased importance of reviewing different models to determine the best method of performing nutrition-based research that minimizes the potential risk to participants while increasing current food knowledge. In this article, we aim to achieve two major goals: the first is analyzing various types of clinical trials and the second is using this analysis to figure out which type of clinical trial is ideally suited for research related to food and nutrition. Conclusion: We conclude that randomized trials are the most effective type of clinical trial used in functional food studies. Randomized cluster trials and randomized parallel-group trials are particularly effective in diminishing the challenges in functional food studies that are outlined in this paper as they reduce the effects one intervention has on another intervention.Keywords: Clinical trials, Functional Food Science, Clinical research, Functional Food, Food, Nutrition
Pharmacognostical Analysis and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Scoparia dulcis L
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Singh Saluja Manmeet , Jain Priya 
Published: February 2023

Scoparia dulcis L. is widely used in the traditional system of medicine for treating liver ailments. In the present study the detailed pharmacognostical evaluation of Scoparia dulcis Linn. whole plant (Scrophulariaceae), including morphology, microscopy, physicochemical, phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activity of 70% ethanol extract. Microscopy of different plant part was done by performing transverse sections and longitudinal sections, which were identified by the different staining reagents and dyes. Physicochemical constants were done for whole plant; it includes ash value, extractive value and moisture content. Phytochemical screening was done for aqueous and 70% ethanolic extract in maceration and soxhletion, results revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, phenolic compound, flavonoids, saponins, proteins, and amino acids. Ethanolic extract were tested for their in vitro 1, 1- Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. These study includes parameters to establish the authenticity of S. dulcis and can possibly help to differentiate the drug from its other species and this may be attributed to its free radical scavenging potential, which in turn may be attributed to the presence of 2o metabolites.
Development Optimization and Evaluation of Fast Disintegrating Tablets of Antiepileptic Drug Carbamazepine
Authors: Maji Subhajit , Vasia Mrs 
Published: February 2023

Background: The main objective of present research work is to formulate the Carbamazepine as Fast Disintegrating tablets to give fast relief and an increase in the patient compliance. Carbamazepine, an antiepileptic, belongs to BCS Class-II and used to control some types of seizures in the treatment of epilepsy and Neuropathic Pain by blocking use-dependent sodium channels.
Methods: The powdered materials were compressed by direct compression technique using super disintegrants like sodium starch glycollate, croscarmellose sodium and starch, Magnesium Stearate and Di Calcium Phosphate are used as lubricant and diluents/fillers respectively.
Result and Discussion: Totally nine formulations were designed and are evaluated for hardness, friability, thickness, assay, wetting time, Disintegration time, in-vitro drug release. From the Results concluded that all the formulation were found to be with in the Pharmacopeial limits and the In-vitro dissolution profiles of all formulations were fitted in to different Kinetic models, the statistical parameters like intercept (a), slope (b) & regression coefficient (r) were calculated. The optimized formulation was characterized with the help of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) studies show no interaction between the drug and the excipients. The stability study was conducted as per the ICH guidelines and the formulations were found to be stable, with insignificant changes in hardness, drug content and disintegration time.
Conclusion: These results revealed that fast disintegrating tablets of the poorly soluble drug, carbamazepine, showing enhanced dissolution and, hence, better patient compliance.