bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recolonization following past persecution questions the importance of persistent snow cover as a range limiting factor for wolverines
Authors: Persson Jens , Ordiz Andrés , Ladle Andrew , Andrén Henrik , Aronsson Malin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGlobally, climate is changing rapidly, which causes shifts in many species' distributions, stressing the need to understand their response to changing environmental conditions to inform conservation and management. Northern latitudes are expected to experience strongest changes in climate, with milder winters and decreasing snow cover. The wolverine (Gulo gulo) is a circumpolar, threatened carnivore distributed in northern tundra, boreal, and subboreal habitats. Previous studies have suggested that wolverine distribution and reproduction are constrained by a strong association with persistent spring snow cover. We assess this hypothesis by relating spatial distribution of 1589 reproductive events, a fitness‐related proxy for female reproduction and survival, to snow cover over two decades. Wolverine distribution has increased and number of reproductive events increased 20 times in areas lacking spring snow cover during our study period, despite low monitoring effort where snow is sparse. Thus, the relationship between reproductive events and persistent spring snow cover weakened during this period. These findings show that wolverine reproductive success and hence distribution are less dependent on spring snow cover than expected. This has important implications for projections of future habitat availability, and thus distribution, of this threatened species. Our study also illustrates how past persecution, or other factors, that have restricted species distribution to remote areas can mask actual effects of environmental parameters, whose importance reveals when populations expand beyond previously restricted ranges. Overwhelming evidence shows that climate change is affecting many species and ecological processes, but forecasting potential consequences on a given species requires longitudinal data to revisit hypotheses and reassess the direction and magnitude of climate effects with new data. This is especially important for conservation‐oriented management of species inhabiting dynamic systems where environmental factors and human activities interact, a common scenario for many species in different ecosystems around the globe.
Fractionation of mixed grass and clover stands using a leaf stripper
Authors: Micke Brooke , Bergqvist Sanna , Adler Steffen , Morel Julien , Parsons David 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLeys are an important part of northern European livestock production, particularly for ruminants since monogastric animals are limited in their ability to digest the fibres of the forage. Crop fractionation methods are a promising option to make forages more beneficial for monogastric animals and decrease the amount of imported protein feed. A leaf stripping harvesting technique was evaluated at Röbäcksdalen in northern Sweden in mixed grass‐clover leys over 2 years. The PremAlfa Mini leaf stripper (Trust'ing‐Alf'ing, Nantes, France) worked well in mixed stands, harvesting on average a third of the available forage biomass, primarily in the form of leaves and soft stems from the clover plants. It proved successful in producing a forage fraction that had a significantly higher crude protein (CP) concentration (+39.1%) and lower neutral detergent fibre (aNDFom) concentration (−21.4%) than the pre‐harvest mixed sward (all significant at p < .05 level). Due to the remaining high level of aNDFom in the leaf stripper fraction, it is more suited for use as an energy source for monogastrics rather than as a protein supplement. Alternatively, the leaf stripper fraction could be used to increase digestibility and CP content in the feed rations of high producing dairy cows.
Technological trends in Swedish medical libraries
Authors: Ekstrand Malin , Strandberg Love 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMedical libraries in Sweden are digitised to a large extent, technically advanced and developing rapidly. This paper investigates technological trends among Swedish medical libraries in the near and distant future and their application within different areas of library activities. The authors also present a roadmap to increase technological developments within medical libraries in Sweden. Current technological trends include digital collaboration tools, mobile technologies and visualisation. Artificial intelligence, big data and smart technologies are upcoming trends. Technologies are applied within all areas of library activities, but preconditions for academic and hospital libraries differ. To remain a relevant provider of information services, libraries must be able to monitor, test and adopt new technologies.
The experiences of dental hygienists providing restorative patient care
Authors: Ray Melissa , Lane Crystal Kanderis , Rogo Ellen J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe intent of this inquiry was to explore the lived experiences of dental hygienists who provide restorative patient care.MethodsPhenomenology was the qualitative approach used. Purposive sampling ensured participants had relevant experiences. An interview guide was emailed 1 week prior to the interview to help participants prepare responses. Informed consent included selecting a pseudonym, which was used throughout the interview and on the written transcript to protect the participants' identities. One‐hour semi‐structured interviews were conducted and recorded on Zoom. Data collection and analysis occurred simultaneously. Verbatim transcription accuracy was verified. Data were initially coded and then focused coding created themes. Demographic data were analysed using descriptive statistics.ResultsAfter eight interviews, data saturation was achieved. Seven females and one male participated. All participants experienced a restorative curriculum in their entry‐level program and most felt well‐prepared. The motivation for becoming a restorative dental hygienist included having positive restorative experiences during the entry‐level program, wanting to keep restorative skills current after graduation, and having an opportunity to provide restorative care. Challenges experienced included the dentists' negative attitudes, hygienists' not valuing restorative abilities and not having a qualified dental assistant. Personal benefits were related to career fulfilment. Benefits to patients involved improving access, efficiency, and convenience. The benefit to the office was increased production. Differences between restorative and preventive care involved demands of care and patient care flow.ConclusionThe findings provide insight into the unique experiences of dental hygienists who provided restorative patient care and a foundation for future research.
The effect of substrate bias voltage on the mechanical and electrochemical corrosion properties of multilayered CrN/CrAlN coatings produced by cathodic arc evaporation
Authors: Baseri Niloofar Arab , Mohammadi Majid , Ghatee Mojtaba , Yousefieh Mohammad , Abassi‐Firouzjah Marzieh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe multilayered CrN/CrAlN film was deposited on the SS420 substrate by cathodic arc evaporation technique. The effect of substrate bias voltage was investigated on the microstructure, surface morphology, and mechanical and electrochemical corrosion properties of the deposited film. The deposited CrN/CrAlN coatings were characterized by X‐ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope techniques. Mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and surface morphology of the coated samples were studied by nano‐indentation, polarization test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy, respectively. Adhesive and dense nanostructure CrN and CrAlN phases were successfully deposited on the substrate. The refinement of the coating crystallite was observed from 31.2 to 24.3 nm by increasing the substrate bias voltage, this improved the mechanical properties of the coating. The number of macroparticles, pinholes and porosities, and the surface roughness of coatings significantly decreased by increasing the substrate bias voltage. The CrN/CrAlN coating reduced the corrosion current density in contrast to the SS420 substrate. Better corrosion resistance was obtained for the coating deposited at 150 V of bias voltage due to lower defects in the film structure.
Application and stability of fungal pigments using jelly sweets as a food model system
Authors: Molelekoa Tumisi Beiri Jeremiah , da Silva Laura Suzanne , Regnier Thierry , Augustyn Wilma 
Published: August 2023

SummaryNatural pigments have seen an increase in usage over the past decades due to their acclaimed safety and active biological properties. This is in line with the shift in consumer market preferences requiring a source replacement for synthetic colourants. Filamentous fungi are amongst the natural sources currently explored for pigment production. In this study, the heat, pH and UV light stability of fungal pigments produced by Penicillium multicolour (dark brown), P. canescens (green) and P. herquie (yellow). Talaromyces verruculosus (red) and Fusarium solani (orange) were evaluated. The antioxidant properties of the pigments as influenced by these conditions were ascertained using the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The pigments were also applied in a jelly sweet formulation and incubated at ambient temperature for 4 weeks. It was demonstrated that the pigment extracts of P. multicolour and T. verruculosus were significantly affected by higher pH (7.0 and 9.0), where the decline in antioxidant activity was observed. As far as high temperature and UV light exposure are concerned, all the pigment extracts, with exception of P. herquie, maintained an antioxidant activity above 35%. On the other hand, the L*a*b* values showed no overall significant change for heat and UV light exposure with the exception of P. canescens across the four pH levels (3.0, 4.0, 7.0 and 9.0), where an increase in the ‐a (green index) coupled with a decline in brightness (L* index) and b* (blue index) was observed. Finally, there was no significant change in colour over the 4 weeks of incubation. In conclusion, fungal pigments are generally stable at normal storage conditions (ambient temperature and normal light) and can be suitably applied in jelly sweets.
Enhanced physicochemical, phytonutritional, and sensory profile of pumpkin‐based functional toffee by replacing refined sugar with natural cane sugar derivative
Authors: Kaur Gagandeep , Kaur Sukhpreet , Aggarwal Poonam , Kaur Navjot 
Published: August 2023

SummaryJaggery, a natural unrefined sweetener, is considered as a nutraceutical due to richness in minerals and phytochemicals. The present study intended to utilise liquid jaggery at 0–100% levels in place of refined sugar (sucrose) to develop a pumpkin‐based functional toffee. Five different formulations were prepared and impact of sugar replacement was assessed by evaluating quality characteristics of prepared toffees. Compared to control, jaggery incorporation significantly (P < 0.05) increased the physicochemical parameters, except total sugars while enhancing bioactive constituents (ascorbic acid, carotenoids, and total phenols) and mineral elements which was also confirmed using Fourier transform infrared analysis and ICP‐AES analysis. Jaggery‐based formulations presented a significantly (P < 0.05) lower hardness and darker appearance compared to control. Among the various formulations, toffee containing intermediate replacement percentage (50%) showed the highest overall acceptability (8.09 on a 9‐point hedonic scale) which suggested that sugar replacement up to 50% with liquid jaggery was highly desirable.
Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis) pomace: exploring its sustainable application as a functional ingredient with nutritional, technofunctional, rheological and in‐vitro antioxidant properties
Authors: Muzaffar Khalid , Rafiq Shafiya , Sofi Sajad Ahmad , Rather Jahangir Ahmad , Allai Farhana , Makroo Hilal Ahmad , Majid Darakshan , Dar B. N. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryAmla pomace (APO) is a valuable by‐product obtained during juice extraction from Amla. To facilitate its application in food systems, comprehensive knowledge regarding its nutritional, physicochemical and techno‐functional properties is essential. The present study aimed to investigate the potential of APO as a functional ingredient. The results revealed that APO powder contains a good content of total dietary fibre and insoluble fibre equal to 35.81/100 g and 28.00/100 g, respectively. An in vitro antioxidant assay depicted APO as a potential bioactive ingredient. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that both amla pulp (AP) and pomace have higher thermal stability. Scanning electron micrographs were unstructured without exhibiting a well‐defined cellular structure. Reconstituted suspensions of AP and APO exhibited non‐Newtonian pseudoplastic behaviour with more elastic behaviour than viscous behaviour and weak gel‐forming ability. The study would provide a comprehensive overview of various properties of APO and will allow drawing conclusions regarding its applicability in complex food systems. APO represents an important source of dietary fibre and bioactive components to enhance the nutritional and technological properties, and therapeutic potential of foods.
Effect of alkaline ionised water on grass carp fillets: insight into physicochemical, microbial composition and miofibrillar proteins
Authors: Lin Yilin , Liang Siwei , Liu Weifeng , Jiao Wenjuan , Zhang Yehui , Yu Yigang 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThe alkaline ionised water (AIW) could inactivate food‐borne microorganisms, ensuring the vegetables and fruits security. However, the application of AIW in preserving fish is still unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the effects of AIW on grass carp fillets during storage at 4 °C for 12 days. The results of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), colour and the sensory attributes showed that the AIW‐treated grass carp fillets exhibited better shelf life. As for the microbial composition, AIW treatment for 5 min significantly inhibited the growth of the predominant bacteria, such as Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas. According to the result from microstructure, the neat and even structure of myofibrillar proteins (MPs) was conducive maintained the fish quality. Overall, the results demonstrated that AIW treatment exerted a protective effect of inactivating spoilage microorganisms and preserving the quality of grass carp fillets.
Tunable ultra‐wideband NIR emission and irradiation resistance in novel Er3+/Tm3+/Pr3+ tri‐doped La2O3‐ Ga2O3‐Ta2O5 glasses synthesized using aerodynamic levitation method
Authors: Xie Jiansheng , Zhang Minghui , Shi Ying , Chen Kun , Sun Shiyu , Deng Weijie , Liu Xuechao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGlasses with ultra‐wideband near‐infrared emission and superior irradiation resistance are important for the potential applications in optical communications under harsh environments. Here, transparent 35La2O3‐(65‐x)Ga2O3‐xTa2O5 (LGT) and Er3+/Tm3+/Pr3+ tri‐doped LGT glasses are fabricated using the levitation method. LGT glasses exhibit a wide glass‐formation region, low largest vibration energy, high refractive indices, and excellent mechanical properties. Additionally, Er3+/Tm3+/Pr3+ tri‐doped LGT samples with varying Pr3+ contents are characterized by possessing good thermal stability (Tg>849°C), wide transparent optical window, strong radiation resistance, excellent compatibility between low wavelength dispersion (vd>31.2), and large refractive index (nd>2.048). By optimizing the doping content of Er3+, Tm3+, and Pr3+ in an appropriate ratio, the ultra‐wideband near‐infrared luminescence ranging from 1250 to 1640 nm (FWHM = 251 nm) has been acquired under 808 nm pumping. Furthermore, decay curves are measured to reveal the fluorescence dynamics, and then the related emission mechanism is elaborated systematically. Meanwhile, the effects of gamma irradiation doses on microstructure, transmittance spectra, and fluorescence characteristics are studied. This work may offer a valuable reference for doping optimization and new design strategy of multifunctional materials.
Role of scanning speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured Al2O3‒ZrO2
Authors: Xiong Zhiwei , Zhang Kai , Liu Tingting , Zhu Zhiguang , Wei Huiliang , Zou Zhiyong , Liao Wenhe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMelt‐grown Al2O3–ZrO2 eutectic (AZ eutectic) ceramics have attracted extensive attention for harsh environment applications. In this work, AZ eutectic ceramic is additively manufactured via one‐step laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The role of scanning speed on phase formation, crystallographic characteristics, microstructure evolution, and mechanical properties were systematically investigated. The as‐fabricated specimens are mainly composed of α‐Al2O3 and t‐ZrO2. Lower scanning speeds induced the formation of cellular structures consisting of randomly oriented ZrO2. In contrast, nanometer eutectic lamellar structure with well‐defined multiple crystallographic orientation relationships, for example, {100} Al2O3 || {100} ZrO2 and {0001} Al2O3 || {001} ZrO2, occurred at higher scanning speeds. Both the cell size and lamellar spacing decreased with increasing scanning speed. With the microstructure refinement, the crack propagation mode changes from intergranular to transgranular fracture, leading to progressively enhanced fracture toughness with a maximum value of 7.76 MPa·m1/2. The present work could shed light on tailoring the microstructure of LPBF AZ eutectic ceramic via varying processing parameters.
Effects of an annotation‐supported Socratic questioning approach on students' argumentative writing performance and critical thinking skills in flipped language classrooms
Authors: Chang Jo‐Ling , Hung Hsiu‐Ting , Yang Ya‐Ting C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundCritical thinking and argumentative writing are considered complex but essential skills for learners. However, few studies have examined how instructions can be designed to optimize the development of such skills simultaneously. Contextualized in flipped language classrooms, this study aimed to develop an instructional innovation for English as a foreign language (EFL) learners.ObjectivesThis study investigated the effects of an annotation‐supported Socratic questioning (ASSQ) approach as a flipped classroom enhancement on students' argumentative writing and critical thinking in an EFL writing course.MethodsFifty students from two classes participated in the study, and they were randomly assigned to an experimental group and a comparison group. Following an 8‐week flipped learning curriculum, the experimental group learned with the proposed ASSQ approach in the enhanced flipped classroom, while the comparison group was exposed to the traditional flipped classroom. Students' argumentative writing performance was evaluated with their argumentative essays using a researcher‐developed writing rubric, and their critical thinking skills were assessed using the California Critical Thinking Skills Test.ResultsBoth groups significantly improved their argumentative writing, and the experimental group also significantly outperformed the comparison group after learning through the proposed approach. While the two groups had no significant difference in critical thinking skills, the within‐group comparison results revealed that the experimental group made significant improvements due to the instructional intervention.ImplicationsThe ASSQ approach could enhance the flipped classroom in regard to the teaching of argumentative writing, whereas it bears only limited impact on critical thinking. Overall, the positive effect of the proposed approach on enhancing English learners' argumentative writing performance was mainly attributed to the combined affordances of Socratic questioning and a social annotation tool to scaffold the students' thinking through verbal articulation, and to visualize their thinking with social annotations throughout the flipped learning process.
Development and characterization of antibacterial packaging film based on poly (vinyl alcohol)/agarose enriched with cinnamon oil
Authors: Nguyen Thuong Thi , Pham Bao‐Tran Tran , Nguyen Dai Van , Phung Thanh Khoa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe antibacterial packaging films were produced from poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVOH), agarose, and cinnamon (Cinnamon cassia) oil (CO). The mechanical, antibacterial, water‐ and UV‐barrier properties of the resulting films were fully characterized. Our findings revealed that increasing amount of CO slightly affected the color of resulting film, while the dispersion of CO in polymeric matrix was influenced by CO concentration. UV‐barrier property of PVOH/agarose was enhanced by adding a small amount of CO. Tensile strength of the resulting films insignificantly changed (8.94–10.23 MPa) with raising CO content while the flexibility remarkably dropped from 92.63% to 75.49%. Remarkably, the PVOH/agarose containing 1.5% (v/v) CO presented strong inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus due to the presence of cinnamaldehyde in CO and this inhibitory efficiency was maintained for up to 7 days. Furthermore, the PVOH/agarose film enriched with 1% (v/v) CO was applied for enhancing the storability of bread slices during 50‐day storage at room temperature.
Variation in care for patients presenting with hip fracture in six high‐income countries: A cross‐sectional cohort study
Authors: Burrack Nitzan , Hatfield Laura A. , Bakx Pieter , Banerjee Amitava , Chen Yu‐Chin , Fu Christina , Godoy Junior Carlos , Gordon Michal , Heine Renaud , Huang Nicole , Ko Dennis T. , Lix Lisa M. , Novack Victor , Pasea Laura , Qiu Feng , Stukel Therese A. , Uyl‐de Groot Carin , Ravi Bheeshma , Al‐Azazi Saeed , Weinreb Gabe , Cram Peter , Landon Bruce E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundHip fractures are costly and common in older adults, but there is limited understanding of how treatment patterns and outcomes might differ between countries.MethodsWe performed a retrospective serial cross‐sectional cohort study of adults aged ≥66 years hospitalized with hip fracture between 2011 and 2018 in the US, Canada, England, the Netherlands, Taiwan, and Israel using population‐representative administrative data. We examined mortality, hip fracture treatment approaches (total hip arthroplasty [THA], hemiarthroplasty [HA], internal fixation [IF], and nonoperative), and health system performance measures, including hospital length of stay (LOS), 30‐day readmission rates, and time‐to‐surgery.ResultsThe total number of hip fracture admissions between 2011 and 2018 ranged from 23,941 in Israel to 1,219,696 in the US. In 2018, 30‐day mortality varied from 3% (16% at 1 year) in Taiwan to 10% (27%) in the Netherlands. With regards to processes of care, the proportion of hip fractures treated with HA (range 23%–45%) and THA (0.2%–10%) differed widely across countries. For example, in 2018, THA was used to treat approximately 9% of patients in England and Israel but less than 1% in Taiwan. Overall, IF was the most common surgery performed in all countries (40%–60% of patients). IF was used in approximately 60% of patients in the US and Israel, but only 40% in England. In 2018, rates of nonoperative management ranged from 5% of patients in Taiwan to nearly 10% in England. Mean hospital LOS in 2018 ranged from 6.4 days (US) to 18.7 days (England). The 30‐day readmission rate in 2018 ranged from 8% (in Canada and the Netherlands) to nearly 18% in England. The mean days to surgery in 2018 ranged from 0.5 days (Israel) to 1.6 days (Canada).ConclusionsWe observed substantial between‐country variation in mortality, surgical approaches, and health system performance measures. These findings underscore the need for further research to inform evidence‐based surgical approaches.