bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personal income distribution and the endogeneity of the demand regime
Authors: Tonni Lorenzo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper deals with two intrinsically linked issues: the endogeneity of the demand regime and the personal distribution impact on aggregate demand. By assuming that saving is a function of personal rather than functional income distribution, an increase of the labour share is effective in boosting consumption and aggregate demand, not per se, but only as long as it reduces personal inequality. As the labour share increases, both the demand regime type—the sign of the slope of the demand schedule—and its strength—the size of the slope of the demand schedule - can endogenously change. Concerning the former, there can be a threshold value for the wage share beyond which there is a shift from wage-led to profit-led demand. The analysis shows that, unlike most Kaleckian models, profit inequality is just as important as wage inequality in determining the demand regime type and its strength.
Why Rural-to-Urban Migrant Workers in China Continue Working After Age 60: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Zhang Quan , Wu Yijin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
This study aims to examine why rural-to-urban migrant workers in China remain in the workforce after age 60.

Research Design and Methods
Semistructured interviews were conducted and transcribed. Interview transcriptions were coded and analyzed by inductive content analysis.

Results
Rural-to-urban migrant workers in China continue to work even after they reach age 60 for reasons related to personal and family finances, as well as cognitive motivational, sociocultural, and working condition factors.

Discussion and Implications
Findings from this study deepen our understanding of the specific reasons why older rural-to-urban migrant workers in China continue working after age 60. While these findings emphasize the need for improved welfare programs and enhanced health care for older migrant workers, they also underscore the importance of providing a healthy and safe work environment for older workers.
Health-Related Quality of Life among American Indian and Alaska Native People: Exploring Associations with Adversities and Psychosocial Strengths
Authors: Hamby Sherry , Schultz Katie , Taylor Elizabeth 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Identifying psychosocial strengths that support physical health can lead to better pathways to prevention and intervention. Relying on the resilience portfolio model as a conceptual framework, this study explores strengths in three domains (regulation, meaning making, and interpersonal) to identify promising protective factors to support physical health-related quality of life (P-HRQOL), controlling for prior exposure to adversity, age, and gender. This study uses data from four resilience portfolio model studies collected in the southern United States, combined to increase the number of people who identified as American Indian/Alaska Native. The sample included 147 people (M age = 28.5 years; SD = 16.26), of which 57 percent are female. The surveys collected data on adversities (polyvictimization, other adversities, county poverty), psychosocial strengths (psychological endurance, sense of purpose, religious meaning making, compassion, and community support), and P-HRQOL. The full model accounted for 24 percent of the variance in P-HRQOL, with strengths explaining more than twice as much variance as adversities (13 percent versus 6 percent). A sense of purpose showed the most promise for supporting P-HRQOL. Regarding implications, authors recommend exploring a wider range of protective factors that might improve resilience in Native communities. Several evidence-based pathways to meaning making, such as narrative and mindfulness, may improve health outcomes for Native people.
A case of acute pancreatitis and enterocutaneous fistula formation following extended right hemicolectomy
Authors: Kay Tegan J , Gallagher Peter J 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAcute pancreatitis (AP) is a rare complication in the post-operative period and the incidence following colorectal surgery is unknown. Although benign hyperamylasaemia following colonic resection is a documented phenomenon, clinically significant AP in the post-operative setting is poorly described in the literature and little is understood about the underlying pathophysiology. Additionally, while gastrointestinal fistulae are a well-recognized complication of bowel surgery, nil previous reports discuss the possible contribution of post-operative AP to their development. We present a case of AP complicated by enterocutaneous fistula following extended right hemicolectomy and describe the possible mechanisms leading to these conditions.
Early evolution and three-dimensional structure of embedded star clusters
Authors: Cournoyer-Cloutier Claude , Sills Alison , Harris William E , Appel Sabrina M , Lewis Sean C , Polak Brooke , Tran Aaron , Wilhelm Martijn J C , Mac Low Mordecai-Mark , McMillan Stephen L W , Portegies Zwart Simon 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
We perform simulations of star cluster formation to investigate the morphological evolution of embedded star clusters in the earliest stages of their evolution. We conduct our simulations with Torch, which uses the Amuse framework to couple state-of-the-art stellar dynamics to star formation, radiation, stellar winds, and hydrodynamics in Flash. We simulate a suite of 104 M⊙ clouds at 0.0683 pc resolution for ∼2 Myr after the onset of star formation, with virial parameters α = 0.8, 2.0, 4.0 and different random samplings of the stellar initial mass function and prescriptions for primordial binaries. Our simulations result in a population of embedded clusters with realistic morphologies (sizes, densities, and ellipticities) that reproduce the known trend of clouds with higher initial α having lower star formation efficiencies. Our key results are as follows: (1) Cluster mass growth is not monotonic, and clusters can lose up to half of their mass while they are embedded. (2) Cluster morphology is not correlated with cluster mass and changes over ∼0.01 Myr time-scales. (3) The morphology of an embedded cluster is not indicative of its long-term evolution but only of its recent history: radius and ellipticity increase sharply when a cluster accretes stars. (4) The dynamical evolution of very young embedded clusters with masses ≲1000 M⊙ is dominated by the overall gravitational potential of the star-forming region rather than by internal dynamical processes such as two- or few-body relaxation.
Monetary Policy, Business Liquidity and Survival: Evidence from the Refinancing Channel
Authors: Liu Haoyang , Parker Dean , Ramcharan Rodney 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We study the impact of the refinancing channel of monetary policy on very small and medium-sized businesses. Using data covering the near universe of these businesses, we find that increased household refinancing reduces the probability that a business exits or exhausts its debt capacity in the calendar year, as well as 6 years after the first exposure. It also helps younger businesses maintain credit relationships. Financial factors, like business liquidity, as well as local demand dependence, amplify these effects, especially for very small businesses. These results suggest that the refinancing channel of monetary policy can have large long-run effects on local economies.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Microglial voltage-dependent anion channel 1 signaling modulates sleep deprivation-induced transition to chronic postsurgical pain
Authors: Wei Shi-Nan , Zhang Hao , Lu Yan , Yu Hui-Jie , Ma Tao , Wang Si-Nian , Yang Kun , Tian Mou-Li , Huang Ai-Hua , Wang Wei , Li Feng-Sheng , Li Yong-Wang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStudy ObjectivesThis study verified that sleep deprivation before and after skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR) surgery increased the risk of chronic pain and investigated the underlying roles of microglial voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) signaling.MethodsAdult mice received 6 hours of total sleep deprivation from 1 day prior to SMIR until the third day after surgery. Mechanical and heat-evoked pain was assessed before and within 21 days after surgery. Microglial activation and changes in VDAC1 expression and oligomerization were measured. Minocycline was injected to observe the effects of inhibiting microglial activation on pain maintenance. The VDAC1 inhibitor 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) and oligomerization inhibitor VBIT-4 were used to determine the roles of VDAC1 signaling on microglial adenosine 5' triphosphate (ATP) release, inflammation (IL-1β and CCL2), and chronicity of pain.ResultsSleep deprivation significantly increased the pain duration after SMIR surgery, activated microglia, and enhanced VDAC1 signaling in the spinal cord. Minocycline inhibited microglial activation and alleviated sleep deprivation-induced pain maintenance. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial activation was accompanied by increased VDAC1 expression and oligomerization, and more VDAC1 was observed on the cell membrane surface compared with control. DIDS and VBIT-4 rescued LPS-induced microglial ATP release and IL-1β and CCL2 expression. DIDS and VBIT-4 reversed sleep loss-induced microglial activation and pain chronicity in mice, similar to the effects of minocycline. No synergistic effects were found for minocycline plus VBIT-4 or DIDS.ConclusionsPerioperative sleep deprivation activated spinal microglia and increases the risk of chronic postsurgical pain in mice. VDAC1 signaling regulates microglial activation-related ATP release, inflammation, and chronicity of pain.
Policies, Practices, and Attitudes Related to Parental Leave for Practicing Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgeons
Authors: Legister Candice S. , Morgan Sara J. , Samora Julie B. , Weiss Jennifer M. , Caird Michelle S. , Miller Daniel J. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Parental leave impacts family engagement, bonding, stress, and happiness. Because parental leave benefits are important to all surgeons regardless of sex, understanding parental leave practices in pediatric orthopaedic surgery is critical to promote equity within the profession and supporting balance in work and family life. The aim of this study was to survey pediatric orthopaedic surgeons about their knowledge of parental leave policies, attitudes towards parental leave, and their individual experiences taking leave.

Methods:
A 34-question anonymous survey was distributed to the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America membership. Eligible respondents were attending pediatric orthopaedic surgeons practicing in the United States or Canada. The survey gathered information about employer parental leave policies, perceptions about and experiences with parental leave while practicing as a surgeon, and demographic information about respondents.

Results:
A total of 77 responses were completed and used for analysis. Most respondents were men (59.7%), <50 years old (67.5%), married (90.9%), and in urban communities (75.3%). A large majority were practicing in the United States (97.4%). Most respondents were unfamiliar with employer parental leave policies (maternity: 53.3%; paternity: 67.5%; and adoption: 85.7%). Those familiar with policies reported that employers offered 7 to 12 weeks for maternity leave (45.7%) and <1 week for paternity leave (50%) and adoption leave (45.5%). Most respondents believed 7 to 12 weeks should be offered for maternity leave (66.2%), 1 to 6 weeks for paternity leave (54.6%), and 7 to 12 weeks for adoption leave (46.8%). Many respondents reported taking 1 to 6 weeks of parental leave as a surgeon (53.3%) and that their colleagues were supportive of their parental leave (40.3%).

Conclusions:
Most pediatric orthopaedic surgeons were unfamiliar with parental leave benefits provided by employers. Respondents who were familiar with these policies believed that more parental leave should be provided, especially for men who may feel social pressure to take less time for leave. Although respondents reported that their work environments were supportive, this study identified opportunities for improvement to support surgeons who wish to balance parental experiences with work responsibilities.

Level of Evidence:
Level V.
Comparison of Distal Spine Anchors and Distal Pelvic Anchors in Children With Hypotonic Neuromuscular Scoliosis Treated With Growth-friendly Instrumentation
Authors: Ahmady Arya , Rosenthal Lindsay , Abraham Adam C. , Parker Bianca , Brooks Jaysson T. , Cahill Patrick J. , Smith John T. , Sponseller Paul D. , Sturm Peter F. , Li Ying ,   on behalf of the Pediatric Spine Study Group
Published: February 2023

Background:
Lower preoperative pelvic obliquity (PO) and L5 tilt have been associated with good radiographic outcomes when the fusion ended short of the pelvis in children with neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS). Our purpose was to identify indications to exclude the pelvis in children with hypotonic NMS treated with growth-friendly instrumentation.

Methods:
This was a multicenter retrospective review. Children with spinal muscular atrophy and muscular dystrophy treated with dual traditional growing rod, magnetically controlled growing rod, or vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib with minimum 2-year follow-up after the index surgery were identified.

Results:
A total of 125 patients met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-eight patients had distal spine anchors (DSAs) and 87 patients had distal pelvic anchors (DPAs) placed at the index surgery. Demographics and length of follow-up were similar between the groups but there was a greater percentage of DPA patients who were nonambulatory [79 patients (91%) vs. 18 patients (47%), P<0.0001]. Preindex radiographic measures were similar except the DSA patients had a lower PO (11 vs. 19 degrees, P=0.0001) and L5 tilt (8 vs. 12 degrees, P=0.001). Postindex and most recent radiographic data were comparable between the groups. There was no difference in the complication and unplanned returns to the operating room rates.
Subanalysis of the DSA group based on ambulatory status showed similar radiographic measures except the ambulatory patients had a lower PO at all time points (preindex: 5 vs. 16 degrees, P=0.011; postindex: 6 vs. 10 degrees, P=0.045; most recent follow-up: 5 vs. 14 degrees, P=0.028). Only 1 ambulatory DSA patient had a PO ≥10 degrees at most recent follow-up compared with 6 nonambulatory DSA patients. Three (8%) DSA patients, all nonambulatory, underwent extension of their instrumentation to the pelvis.

Conclusions:
Pelvic fixation should be strongly considered in nonambulatory children with hypotonic NMS treated with growth-friendly instrumentation. At intermediate-term follow-up, revision surgery to include the pelvis was rare but DSAs do not seem effective at maintaining control of PO in nonambulatory patients. DSA and DPA were equally effective at maintaining major curve control, and complication and unplanned returns to the operating room rates were similar.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—therapeutic.
Primary Sarcomas of the Spine
Authors: Kooner Paul , Bozzo Isabella , Rizkallah Maroun , Hassani Mohamad , Turcotte Robert E. , Aoude Ahmed 
Published: February 2023

Study Design:
A systematic review of the literature and pooled data analysis of treatment outcomes of primary sarcomas of the spine.

Objective:
To examine the current literature and treatment options for primary sarcomas of the spine.

Summary of Background Data:
A paucity of literature exists on treatment outcomes of primary sarcomas of the spine.

Materials and Methods:
Two authors searched PubMed to identify articles for review, and a pooled data analysis was performed to determine overall survival for each type of surgical resection on spine sarcomas.

Results:
In total, 1776 articles were identified, and 11 met our inclusion criteria for review. In chondrosarcoma, overall survival was significantly higher with en bloc excision when compared with piecemeal resection (HR for piecemeal resection: 4.11; 95% CI: 2.08–8.15). Subgroup analysis showed that the addition of radiation therapy after piecemeal excision increased overall survival to 60 months from 48 months with piecemeal excision alone. In osteosarcoma, there was no significant difference in overall survival between en bloc and piecemeal resection (HR for piecemeal resection: 1.76; 95% CI: 0.776–3.99). In Ewing’s sarcoma, overall survival was significantly higher when a successful en bloc resection was achieved and coupled with chemotherapy and radiation therapy for local control (HR for piecemeal resection: 7.96; 95% CI: 2.12–20.1). Interestingly, when a successful en bloc resection could not be achieved, chemotherapy and radiation therapy alone had significantly higher survival than piecemeal resection (HR for piecemeal resection: 2.63; 95% CI: 1.01–6.84). A significantly higher number of local recurrences were associated with the piecemeal resection group in all types of spine sarcomas.

Conclusion:
This review and pooled data seem to favor en bloc excision for local control as the treatment of choice in primary sarcomas of the spine.
Customized Denonvilliers' Fascia Excision: An Advanced total Mesorectal Excision Technique for Anteriorly Located Rectal Cancer
Authors: Bae Sung Uk , Varela Cristopher , Nassr Manar , Kim Nam Kyu 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:
The role of Denonvilliers' fascia in achieving a negative circumferential resection margin during anterior total mesorectal excision has been controversial. Opinion on whether to dissect in the anterior or posterior surgical plane varies among researchers.

IMPACT OF INNOVATION:
We performed total mesorectal excision with selective en bloc resection of Denonvilliers' fascia based on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging staging, preoperative clinical tumor stage, and tumor level in selected patients with anterior rectal tumors adherent to Denonvilliers' fascia.

TECHNOLOGY MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Between March and August 2021, 5 patients who underwent robotic (n = 4) and laparoscopic (n = 1) total mesorectal excision for anteriorly located low rectal adenocarcinomas after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were enrolled in this study. Transabdominal total mesorectal excision dissection is performed by changing to a plane anterior to Denonvilliers' fascia, with partial or total excision tailored to the tumor level and depth of invasion as a further step in circumferential resection margin clearing. Customized excision of Denonvilliers' fascia was performed by dissecting through the extramesorectal plane. This anterior plane permits resection of Denonvilliers' fascia, exposing the prostate and seminal vesicles.

PRELIMINARY RESULTS:
Two tumors were located at the seminal vesicle level and 3 were found at the prostate level. The mean distance from the anal verge to the distal margin of the tumor was 4.8 ± 0.9 cm. Denonvilliers' fascia was preserved in one patient and partially excised in four. Customized Denonvilliers' fascia excision was performed in 3 robotic ultra-low anterior resections with coloanal anastomosis, one laparoscopic ultralow anterior resection with coloanal anastomosis, and one robot-assisted abdominoperineal resection. The circumferential resection margins in all patients were negative.

CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS:
Anterior dissection in front of Denonvilliers' fascia can be selectively performed during total mesorectal excision based on preoperative planning, tumor location, and clinical tumor stage. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and magnified operative views in minimally invasive platforms provide access to more precise surgical planes for clear circumferential resection, achieving optimal functional outcomes and oncological safety.
A Randomized, Single-Center, Double-Blinded, Split-Body Clinical Trial of Poly-l-Lactic Acid for the Treatment of Cellulite of the Buttocks and Thighs
Authors: Almukhtar Rawaa M. , Wood Emily S. , Loyal Jameson , Hartman Nina , Fabi Sabrina G. 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND
More than 90% of women report concerns of cellulite on their skin. Poly-l lactic acid (PLLA-SCA) is a biocompatible, semipermanent, synthetic filler that induces neocollagenesis.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the safety and efficacy of PLLA-SCA for the treatment of cellulite of the buttock and thigh regions.

METHODS
This was a prospective, single-center, double-blinded, split-body, clinical trial of 20 women with slight to moderate skin laxity of the buttocks and/or thighs contributing to mild-to-moderate cellulite. Each subject’s buttocks and thighs were randomized to receive injections with up to 2 vials of PLLA-SCA or the equivalent volume of bacteriostatic water per treatment area. Subjects received at total of 3 treatments 4 weeks apart and were followed for 330 days.

RESULTS
Treatment of the buttocks with PLLA-SCA resulted in significant reduction of depression depth, improvement in the morphological appearance of the skin, improvement in the grade of skin laxity, and overall improvement in cellulite appearance. Treated thighs showed reduction in the depth and number of depressions and an improvement in overall cellulite appearance. No significant procedure side effects were found.

CONCLUSION
Poly-l lactic acid offers an effective and safe method for treating cellulite of the buttocks and thighs.
Potential of Mesalazine Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Measuring Fecal Excretion in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: van de Meeberg Maartje M. , Verheij Elwin R. , Fidder Herma H. , Bouma Gerd , Huitema Alwin D.R. , Oldenburg Bas 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Therapeutic drug monitoring of mesalazine (5-ASA) in patients with ulcerative colitis is unavailable. Mucosal 5-ASA concentrations are assumed to be higher during remission, but biopsy is not practical. Therefore, we investigated the feasibility of measuring mesalazine levels in feces. To explore the potential role of fecal mesalazine measurements in therapeutic drug monitoring, we compared the dry fecal concentration and daily fecal excretion of 5-ASA and its metabolite N-acetyl-5-ASA in patients with ulcerative colitis with active and quiescent disease.

Methods:
Adults with ulcerative colitis on oral mesalazine and scheduled for colonoscopy were eligible for inclusion in this cross-sectional study. Stool and urine samples were collected for 48 and 24 hours, respectively, and rectal biopsies were performed. (N-acetyl-)5-ASA was measured using mass spectrometry. Biochemically active disease was defined as a fecal calprotectin level above 100 mcg/g and endoscopically active disease as any activity following the endoscopic Mayo score (≥1).

Results:
Approximately 28 patients were included in the study. Daily fecal excretion of (N-acetyl-)5-ASA did not differ between patients with (n = 13) and without (n = 15) endoscopically active disease [median 572 mg/d versus 597 mg/d (P = 0.86) for 5-ASA and 572 mg/d versus 554 mg/d (P = 0.86) for N-acetyl-5-ASA]. The same applied to the fecal concentration [median 9.7 mcg/mg dry weight versus 10.3 (P = 0.53) and 12.0 versus 9.9 (P = 0.89)]. The results were comparable when the biochemical disease activity definition was used. The mucosal concentrations and urinary excretion of (N-acetyl-)5-ASA did not differentiate between quiescent and active activity.

Conclusions:
Fecal (N-acetyl-)5-ASA measurements do not correlate with disease activity, which renders it an unsuitable tool for therapeutic drug monitoring of mesalazine.