bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Previously unreported X-ray findings associated with distal toe pain in children
Authors: Taniwaki Hiroshi , Shintani Kosuke , Aono Masanari 
Published: February 2023

While children undergo skeletal maturation, it is difficult to distinguish between normal variants and abnormalities of the epiphysis and acrophysis on radiological images. Abnormalities in the epiphysis and acrophysis of the toe phalanx have not been reported yet. Here, we describe a series of abnormalities in the epiphysis and acrophysis of the fourth and fifth toe phalanges, including an investigation of their pathogenesis. We evaluated patients suspected of having bone tumors at a local orthopedic clinic because of abnormal findings of the toe phalanx between the distal and middle phalanx on plain radiographs. The site of the lesion, duration of pain until the hospital visit, history of trauma and sports, treatment, and clinical course were investigated. A total of seven patients (five boys and two girls) with a mean age of 10 years (range 9–16) were included. In all cases, a circular erosive radiolucent image was present between the distal and middle phalanx. In two cases, the fourth toe was affected, and in five cases, the fifth toe was affected. Six patients showed improvements with conservative treatment using shoe insoles. In one case, surgical treatment was performed for persistent pain. Histological examination of the fibrous tissue collected from the circular erosive radiolucent area revealed normal bone and slightly degenerated hyaline cartilage. This is the first report on the abnormalities of the epiphysis and acrophysis of the toe phalanx, which is termed as Shintaniwakino disease. A better understanding of this disease may aid in the avoidance of unnecessary treatment.
Level of Evidence: IV.
Motorized Robotic Closed Cervical Traction
Authors: Sherrod Brandon A. , Schwehr Trevor , Waldram Daniel , Adams Andrew , Averett Sterling , Ha Jeewon , Kahle Simon , Mitchell Derek , Polevoi Seth , Dailey Andrew T. , Merryweather Andrew S. , Mazur Marcus D. 
Published: February 2023

Study Design.
Biomechanical study

Objective.
To demonstrate that robotic cervical traction can apply closed cervical traction as effectively as manual weight-and-pulley traction in extension spring and cadaveric models.

Summary of Background Data.
Closed cervical traction is used to reduce subaxial cervical spine dislocation injuries and to distract the intervertebral space during cervical spine surgery. Weight-and-pulley cervical traction relies on cumbersome and imprecise technology without any safeguard to prevent over-traction or weights being pulled/released inadvertently.

Methods.
A prototype robotic traction device was designed and manufactured by the authors with real-time tensile force measurement, ±1-lbs (5 N) force application accuracy, locking/non-backdriveable linear actuators with actuator position sensing, 200-lbs (900 N) maximum force capability, up to 20° of flexion/extension manipulation, <25-lbs (111 N) device weight, and compatibility with Gardner-Wells tongs or Mayfield head clamp. The device was tested using an extension spring model and an intact fresh cadaver specimen to assess applied and desired force over time and radiographic changes in the cervical spine as traction force increased. The cadaver was tested in manual traction initially and then robotic traction in 10-lbs (50 N) increments up to 80-lbs (355 N) to compare methods.

Results.
The prototype device met or exceeded all requirements. In extension spring testing, the device reached the prescribed forces of both 25-lbs (111 N) and 80-lbs (355 N) accurately and maintained the desired weight. In cadaveric testing, radiographic outcomes were equivalent between the prototype and manual weight-and-pulley traction at 80-lbs (355 N; disk space measurements within ±10% for all levels), and the device reached the desired weight within±1-lbs (5 N) of accuracy at each weight interval.

Conclusion.
This preliminary work demonstrates that motorized robotic cervical traction can safely and effectively apply controlled traction forces.
Using eZIS of SPECT to evaluate the therapeutic effect of carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Zhang Zhiting , Sun Danyang , Wang Xuan , Li Wei 
Published: February 2023

Objective
Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. The main causes of ischemic stroke include carotid artery stenosis, and carotid endarterectomy (CEA) can be used to improve the blood flow of the lesion site. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) can be decreased by using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The Easy Z-Score imaging system (eZIS) can display the changes of rCBF as Z-Score. The purpose of this study was to determine whether eZIS of SPECT can be used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of CEA in the treatment of carotid artery stenosis.

Methods
In this study, subjects were divided into the surgery group and the control group. The surgery group included seven patients with unilateral or bilateral internal carotid artery stenosis who received CEA treatment, and the control group included 11 patients who only received conventional drug treatment but did not receive surgery. Cerebral perfusion imaging (CPI) was collected twice before and after the corresponding treatment (within 6 months). rCBF of the lesion site was measured and Z-score was calculated before and after treatment by the eZIS technique.

Results
The postoperative Z-score of the surgery group was 0.54 ± 2.71 compared with that of the preoperative −1.34 ± 2.68 (P = 0.0034; t = 4.687; df = 6), while the z-score of the control group was −0.33 ± 2.58 compared with that of the pretreatment 1.84 ± 2.62 (P = 0.0010; t = 4.618; df = 10).

Conclusion
CEA can effectively improve the blood flow in the lesion area of patients with carotid artery stenosis. eZIS of SPECT can be used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of CEA on carotid artery stenosis visually.
Machine learning approach using 18F-FDG PET-based radiomics in differentiation of lung adenocarcinoma with bronchoalveolar distribution and infection
Authors: Agüloğlu Nurşin , Aksu Ayşegül , Unat Damla S. 
Published: February 2023

Objective
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computerized tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT)-based radiomic features in the differentiation of infection and malignancy in consolidating pulmonary lesions and to develop a prediction model based on radiomic features.

Material and methods
The images of 106 patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT of consolidated lesions observed in the lung between January 2015 and July 2020 were evaluated using LIFEx software. The region of interest of the lung lesions was determined and volumetric and textural features were obtained. Clinical and radiomic data were evaluated with machine learning algorithms to build a model.

Results
There was a significant difference in all standardized uptake value (SUV) parameters and 26 texture features between the infection and cancer groups. The features with a correlation coefficient of less than 0.7 among the significant features were determined as SUVmean, GLZLM_SZE, GLZLM_LZE, GLZLM_SZLGE and GLZLM_ZLNU. These five features were analyzed in the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis program to create a model that could distinguish infection and cancer groups, and the model performance was found to be the highest with logistic regression (area under curve, 0.813; accuracy, 75.7%). The sensitivity and specificity values of the model in distinguishing cancer patients were calculated as 80.6 and 70.6%, respectively.

Conclusions
In our study, we created prediction models based on radiomic analysis of 18F-FDG PET/CT images. Texture analysis with machine learning algorithms is a noninvasive method that can be useful in the differentiation of infection and malignancy in consolidating lung lesions in the clinical setting.
Head impact in blind football during the Tokyo Paralympics: Video-based observational study
Authors: Tsutsumi Shogo , Sasadai Junpei , Maeda Noriaki , Shimizu Reia , Suzuki Akira , Fukui Kazuki , Arima Satoshi , Tashiro Tsubasa , Kaneda Kazuki , Yoshimi Mitsuhiro , Mizuta Rami , Ishihara Honoka , Esaki Hinata , Tsuchida Koki , Terada Tomoki , Komiya Makoto , Urabe Yukio 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Head impacts during blind football are common and have high injury rates; however, their characteristics and impact are still under-reported. We compared head impact characteristics in blind football players with and without falls on all 18 official blind football match videos from the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic games. The rate of head impacts with falls was significantly higher in the preliminary phase, offense phase, and during dribbling. Significant differences in the region of the head impacted were also observed among the impact subjects/objects. The findings in this study would contribute to the development of injury prevention measures to minimize head injuries from head impact in blind football.
68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT in Metastatic Papillary Renal Cell Cancer
Authors: Civan Caner , Isik Emine Goknur , Karadogan Seyfullah , Sanli Yasemin , Kuyumcu Serkan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Papillary renal cell cancer is a rare malignancy with limited treatment options in the advanced stage of the disease. We present the case of a 62-year-old man with progressive left-sided papillary renal cell carcinoma who underwent 68Ga-FAPI (fibroblast activated protein inhibitor)-04 and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging. 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT demonstrated variable FAP expression in all metastatic lesions detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT, including multiple lymph nodes, bone, and thyroid. This case highlights that FAP-targeted imaging can be a promising modality for diagnostic and theranostic use in papillary renal cell carcinoma.
Impact of 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT Findings on Failure-Free Survival in Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer Following Salvage Radiation Therapy
Authors: Lawal Ismaheel O. , Marcus Charles , Schuster David M. , Goyal Subir , Adediran Omotayo A. , Dhere Vishal R. , Joshi Shreyas S. , Abiodun-Ojo Olayinka A. , Master Viraj A. , Patel Pretesh R. , Fielder Bridget , Goodman Mark , Shelton Joseph W. , Kucuk Omer , Hershatter Bruce , Halkar Raghuveer K. , Jani Ashesh B. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
We aimed to evaluate the impact of 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT imaging on failure-free survival (FFS) post–salvage radiotherapy (SRT) for prostate cancer (PCa) recurrence.

Methods
Seventy-nine patients were recruited in a phase 2/3 clinical trial to undergo 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT before SRT for PCa. Four patients with extrapelvic disease were excluded. All patients were followed up at regular intervals up to 48 months. Treatment failure was defined as a serum prostate-specific antigen level of ≥0.2 ng/mL above the nadir after SRT, confirmed with an additional measurement, requiring systemic treatment or clinical progression. Failure-free survival was computed and compared between patients grouped according to 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT imaging findings.

Results
Eighty percent (60/75) of patients had a positive finding on 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT, of which 56.7% (34/60) had prostate bed-only uptake, whereas 43.3% (26/60) had pelvic nodal ± bed uptake. Following SRT, disease failure was detected in 36% (27/75) of patients. There was a significant difference in FFS between patients who had a positive versus negative scan (62.3% vs 92.9% [P < 0.001] at 36 months and 59.4% vs 92.9% [P < 0.001] at 48 months). Similarly, there was a significant difference in FFS between patients with uptake in pelvic nodes ± bed versus prostate bed only at 36 months (49.8% vs 70.7%; P = 0.003) and at 48 months (49.8% vs 65.6%; P = 0.040). Failure-free survival was also significantly higher in patients with either negative PET/CT or prostate bed-only disease versus those with pelvic nodal ± prostate bed disease at 36 (78% vs 49.8%, P < 0.001) and 48 months (74.4% vs 49.8%, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Findings on pre-SRT 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT imaging, even when acted upon to optimize the treatment decisions and treatment planning, are predictive of post-SRT FFS in men who experience PCa recurrence after radical prostatectomy. A negative 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT is most predictive of a lower risk of failure, whereas the presence of pelvic nodal recurrence portends a higher risk of SRT failure.
Somatostatin Receptor-Directed PET/CT for Therapeutic Decision-Making and Disease Control in Patients Affected With Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Serfling Sebastian E. , Hartrampf Philipp E. , Zhi Yingjun , Higuchi Takahiro , Kosmala Aleksander , Serfling Julia , Schirbel Andreas , Hörning Anna , Buck Andreas K. , Weich Alexander , Werner Rudolf A. 
Published: February 2023

Background
Somatostatin receptor (SSTR)–targeted PET/CT is used for patients affected with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), but the clinical impact has not been elucidated yet. We aimed to determine whether SSTR PET/CT can trigger relevant therapeutic management changes in patients with SCLC and whether those modifications achieve disease control and are associated with prolonged survival.

Methods
One hundred patients with SCLC received SSTR PET/CT. In a retrospective setting, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of PET versus CT and compared therapies before and after PET/CT to determine the impact of molecular imaging on treatment decision. We also determined the rate of disease control after therapeutic modifications and assessed survival in patients with and without changes in the therapeutic regimen.

Results
Relative to CT, SSTR PET alone was superior for assessing bone lesions in 19 of 39 instances (49%). Treatment was modified in 59 of 100 (59%) after SSTR PET/CT. Forty of 59 (74.6%) received systemic treatment after hybrid imaging, with the remaining 15 of 59 (25.4%) scheduled for nonsystemic therapy. In the latter group, 13 of 15 (86.7%) received local radiation therapy or active surveillance (2/15 [13.3%]). Individuals scheduled for systemic treatment after imaging received peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) in 28 of 44 (63.6%), followed by chemotherapy in 10 of 44 (22.7%), change in chemotherapy regimen in 3 of 44 (6.8%), and initiation of tyrosine kinase inhibitor in the remaining 3 of 44 (6.8%). Among patients with modified treatment, follow-up was available in 53 subjects, and disease control was achieved in 14 of 53 (26.4%). However, neither change to systemic treatment (155 days; hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.53–1.67) nor change to nonsystemic treatment (210 days; hazard ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.34–1.34) led to a prolonged survival when compared with subjects with no change (171 days, P ≥ 0.22, respectively).

Conclusions
In patients with SCLC, SSTR-targeted hybrid imaging provides complementary information on the disease status. PET/CT led to management changes in 59% (mainly PRRT), achieving disease control in >26%. The high fraction of patients scheduled for PRRT may lay the foundation for combination strategies to achieve synergistic antitumor effects, for example, by combining PRRT plus recently introduced RNA polymerase II inhibitors.
Somatostatin Receptor PET Imaging in Diffuse Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor
Authors: Zhao Qian , Dong Aisheng , He Tianlin , Zuo Changjing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Somatostatin receptor imaging findings of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with diffuse involvement of the pancreas are rarely reported. We present somatostatin receptor PET imaging findings in 3 cases of diffuse pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. One case showed diffuse swelling and diffusely intense activity of the pancreas with multiple metastases in the peripancreatic lymph nodes and liver. The other 2 cases showed diffusely intense activity of the pancreas without metastasis. The pancreatic tumor extended into the duodenum in all the 3 cases. Familiarity with this rare pattern of radiotracer uptake in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor may be helpful for the diagnosis.
Durvalumab and PET-Directed Chemoradiation in Locally Advanced Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cowzer Darren , Wu Abraham Jing-Ching , Sihag Smita , Walch Henry S. , Park Bernard J. , Jones David R. , Gu Ping , Maron Steven B. , Sugarman Ryan , Chalasani Sree Bhavani , Shcherba Marina , Capanu Marinela , Chou Joanne F. , Choe Jennie K. , Nosov Anton , Adusumilli Prasad S. , Yeh Randy , Tang Laura H. , Ilson David H. , Janjigian Yelena Y. , Molena Daniela , Ku Geoffrey Y. 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
To determine the safety and efficacy of adding the anti-PD-L1 antibody durvalumab to induction FOLFOX and preoperative chemotherapy in locally advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Background:
Neoadjuvant induction FOLFOX followed by positron emission tomography (PET) directed chemoradiation has demonstrated improved survival for esophageal adenocarcinoma. There is clear benefit now for the addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors both in early and advanced stage disease. Given these results we investigated the safety and efficacy of adding durvalumab to induction FOLFOX and preoperative chemoradiotherapy.

Methods:
Patients with locally advanced resectable esophageal/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma received PET-directed chemoradiation with durvalumab before esophagectomy. Patients who had R0 resections received adjuvant durvalumab 1500 mg every 4 weeks for 6 treatments. The primary endpoint of the study was pathologic complete response.

Results:
We enrolled 36 patients, 33 of whom completed all preoperative treatment and underwent surgery. Preoperative treatment was well tolerated, with no delays to surgery nor new safety signals. Pathologic complete response was identified in 8 [22% (1-sided 90% lower bound: 13.3%)] patients with major pathologic response in 22 [61% (1-sided 90% lower bound: 50%)] patients. Twelve and 24-month overall survival was 92% and 85%, respectively.

Conclusions:
The addition of durvalumab to induction FOLFOX and PET-directed chemoradiotherapy before surgery is safe, with a high rate of pathologic response, as well as encouraging survival data.
Impact of Fasting Status and Circadian Variation on the Pharmacokinetics of Mycophenolate Mofetil and the Glucuronide Metabolite in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Drevland Ole Martin , Robertsen Ida , Theie Gustavsen Marte , Kveim Hanne Kamilla , Herberg Hovd Markus , Midtvedt Karsten , Åsberg Anders 
Published: February 2023

Background.
Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an immunosuppressive prodrug often used to prevent allograft rejection following solid organ transplantation. After oral administration, MMF is rapidly hydrolyzed to the active metabolite mycophenolate acid (MPA), which is inactivated by glucuronosyltransferase to the mycophenolic acid glucuronide metabolite (MPAG). The aim was 2-fold: to investigate the impact of circadian variation and fasting versus nonfasting status on MPA and MPAG pharmacokinetics in renal transplant recipients (RTRs).

Methods.
RTRs with stable graft function treated with tacrolimus, prednisolone, and MMF (750 mg BID) were included in this open, nonrandomized study. Two 12-h pharmacokinetic investigations were conducted in succession following morning and evening doses, both in a fasting and in a real-life nonfasting condition.

Results.
A total of 30 (22 men) RTRs performed one 24-h investigation, and 16 repeated the investigation within 1 mo. In a real-life nonfasting state, MPA area under the curve (AUC)0–12 and C
0 failed to meet the bioequivalence criteria. Following the evening dose, mean MPA AUC12–24 was 16% lower (P < 0.001) compared with AUC0–12, and a shorter T
max was observed (P = 0.09). Under fasting conditions, MPA AUC12–24 was 13% lower than AUC0–12, and the absorption rate was slower after the evening dose (P < 0.05). MPAG displayed circadian variation only under real-life conditions with lower AUC0–12 following the evening dose (P < 0.001).

Conclusions.
Both MPA and MPAG showed circadian variation with somewhat lower systemic exposures following the evening dose with limited clinical relevance in the dosing of MMF in RTRs. Fasting status affects MMF absorption rate differently, but with similar results in systemic exposure.
Time-varying effects are common in genetic control of gestational duration
Authors: Juodakis Julius , Ytterberg Karin , Flatley Christopher , Sole-Navais Pol , Jacobsson Bo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPreterm birth is a major burden to neonatal health worldwide, determined in part by genetics. Recently, studies discovered several genes associated with this trait or its continuous equivalent – gestational duration. However, their effect timing, and thus clinical importance, is still unclear. Here, we use genotyping data of 31,000 births from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child cohort (MoBa) to investigate different models of the genetic pregnancy “clock”. We conduct genome-wide association studies using gestational duration or preterm birth, replicating known maternal associations and finding one new foetal variant. We illustrate how the interpretation of these results is complicated by the loss of power when dichotomizing. Using flexible survival models, we resolve this complexity and find that many of the known loci have time-varying effects, often stronger early in pregnancy. The overall polygenic control of birth timing appears to be shared in the term and preterm, but not very preterm periods, and exploratory results suggest involvement of the major histocompatibility complex genes in the latter. These findings show that the known gestational duration loci are clinically relevant, and should help design further experimental studies.
A comparative study on the impact of fiveDesmodiumspecies on soil microbiome reveals enrichment of selected bacterial and fungal taxa
Authors: David Aneth Bella , Mwaikono Kilaza Samson , Midega Charles , Magingo Francis , Alsanius Beatrix W. , Drinkwater Laurie E. , Dekker Teun , Lyantagaye Sylvester 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionSeveralDesmodiumspp. are used as intercrops in push-pull pest management systems to repel insect herbivores. In addition,Desmodiumsuppresses the parasitic weedStriga, and diversifies the soil microbiome with negative impacts on fungi. We investigated the impact of a 2-year cropping of fiveDesmodiumspecies on soil microbiome populations.MethodologyTotal DNA was obtained from root zone soil samples collected from a two-years-old common garden experiment with replicated plots of fiveDesmodiumspp. at the international centre for insect physiology and ecology (ICIPE), Mbita, Kenya. Subsequently, 16S and ITS DNA sequencing were performed and the data was analysed by using QIIME2 and Calypso.ResultsOur findings show significant differences in composition and abundance of specific microbial taxa among theDesmodiumplots and the bulk soil, with a stronger shift observed for fungal community profiles than bacteria. There was, however, no significant difference in overall diversity, richness and evenness of microbial communities among theDesmodiumplots and the bulk soil. Similarly, beta diversity analysis did not reveal a significant association of variation to specificDesmodiumspp. plots.Discussion and conclusionThis is the first study to compare impact and association of whole soil microbiomes to differentDesmodiumspecies. Whereas long-termDesmodiumcropping clearly shifts whole microbiome communities, no significant difference in overall diversity and richness of microbial populations was observed among the studied plots. However, there was a divergence of individual taxa reflected on their increased abundance in association to specificDesmodiumspp., pointing towards potential impact on ecosystem services. These findings indicate that significant shifts in whole microbial populations due toDesmodiumspp. and thus potentially provision of associated ecosystem services require longer cultivation periods to solidify. Future studies should focus on techniques that monitor real-time changes in microbial populations such as RNA-seq to ascertain live and dead microbes, and thus infer ecological services.