bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tram-track cycling injuries: a significant public health issue
Authors: Smith Olivia , McCabe Catherine , Kidney Emer 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Aim
Many cycling collisions occur due to human error, cycling ability, distraction or infrastructure. One such infrastructural issue for cyclists sharing the road with tram lines is where the wheel of the bicycle gets caught in the rail track itself or in a gap between the rail and the road margin resulting in a sudden stall of the bicycle and potentially significant injury. This study aims to describe the crash characteristics of tram-track cycling collisions and their associated injuries.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was conducted over 2 years, looking at cyclists that presented to St James’s Emergency Department (ED) following injuries sustained due to a bicycle wheel catching in the on-road tram tracks.

Results
Forty-eight patients were identified over a 2-year period. Sixty per cent of cyclists sustained limb fractures with 14% requiring orthopaedic surgery. Fifty per cent of patients were not wearing a helmet at the time of the incident and 54% of the collisions occurred around Dublin city centre during rush hour.

Conclusion
Further prospective multi-centre studies are required to properly describe the magnitude cycling accidents around the Luas tracks and inform future public health measures in this area.
A Clinical, Radiological and Histopathological Review of 74 Ossifying Fibromas
Authors: Collins L. H. C. , Zegalie N. F. T. , Sassoon I. , Speight P. M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Ossifying fibroma (OF) is a fibro-osseous lesion of the jaws and craniofacial bones. Accurate diagnosis can be challenging due to significant overlap of clinicopathological features. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, radiological and histological features that can aid in diagnosis and identify characteristics that allow categorisation into the three subtypes: juvenile trabecular, psammomatoid and cemento-ossifying OF.

Methods
A total of 74 cases of OF were systematically reviewed for their principle features. Of these, 46 cases were evaluated for their radiographic features including size, location and relationship to the teeth. Histological assessment and stereological point counting were performed in 69 cases to assess the pattern, type and proportion of calcification, the nature of the stroma, the border of the lesion and the presence of secondary changes. Fisher’s exact test and Chi-squared tests were used to determine associations between clinicopathological parameters and maxillary, mandibular, odontogenic, non-odontogenic and psammomatoid or trabecular lesions.

Results
OF showed a female predilection (F: M; 2:1) and a slight bimodal age distribution with peaks in the second (23%) and fourth decades (27%) (Mean age: 32.4 years). 83% of cases presented as an intra-oral swelling, with the mandible being the most common site (73%). Histologically, a range of morphological patterns were seen, with 50% of cases showing mixed trabecular and psammomatoid features. However, there were no significant differences between the variants of OF in terms of age, gender or histological features.

Conclusion
Histological features of OF cannot be used to differentiate between the subtypes.
Asymptotically Mean Value Harmonic Functions in Subriemannian and RCD Settings
Authors: Adamowicz Tomasz , Kijowski Antoni , Soultanis Elefterios 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe consider weakly and strongly asymptotically mean value harmonic (amv-harmonic) functions on subriemannian and RCD settings. We demonstrate that, in non-collapsed RCD-spaces with vanishing metric measure boundary, Cheeger harmonic functions are weakly amv-harmonic and that, in Carnot groups, weak amv-harmonicity equivalently characterizes harmonicity in the sense of the sub-Laplacian. In homogeneous Carnot groups of step 2, we prove a Blaschke–Privaloff–Zaremba type theorem. Similar results are discussed in the settings of Riemannian manifolds and for Alexandrov surfaces.
Thermal Twin 4.0: Digital Support Tool for Optimizing Hazardous Waste Rotary Kiln Incineration Plants
Authors: Hammerschmid M. , Aguiari C. , Kirnbauer F. , Zerobin E. , Brenner M. , Eisl R. , Nemeth J. , Buchberger D. , Ogris G. , Kolroser R. , Goia A. , Beyweiss R. , Kalch K. , Müller S. , Hofbauer H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe present paper focuses on developing a novel virtual representation framework for optimizing standalone hazardous waste rotary kiln incineration plants. A digital support tool can be provided to optimize the plant's waste management, operation, and maintenance by combining thermochemical-based simulation models with a fuel classification system. First of all, the virtual representation can be used to determine the waste composition of not entirely analyzed waste streams. Furthermore, the determined waste compositions of historically fed waste streams can be used to enable further advanced applications. The determined waste compositions are linked with the appropriate waste code and supplier, which first enables the monitoring of the delivered waste streams. In the case of recurring fractions, the virtual representation can be used to optimize the barrel sequence to reach homogenous waste inputs. Additionally, the plant operation can be optimized regarding stable operation conditions due to the knowledge about waste compositions of recurring fractions. The parametrization results fit very well with the comparable sensor values. Therefore, the novel virtual representation of the hazardous waste incineration plant could definitely make a reasonable contribution to optimize the efficiency of thermal waste treatment within the hazardous waste sector in Austria and Europe.Graphical Abstract
Reduction of the Microbial Load of Digestate by the Cultivation of Galdieria sulphuraria Under Acidic Conditions
Authors: Pleissner Daniel , Händel Nicole 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Organic waste streams with a high microbial load have been used as nutrient sources in the cultivation of heterotrophic microalgae. However, it remains unclear whether an alga-based organic waste utilization can also result in a reduction of the microbial load, and thus in a combined waste utilization and hygenization process.

Methods
The heterotrophic cultivation of the microalga Galdieria sulphuraria at a pH of 2 and 45 °C as hygenization method for digestate, which serves as nitrogen source in algae cultivation, was investigated. Attention has been paid to Salmonella sp. and spores, coming from the organic waste stream digestate and its reduction during hydrolysis and cultivation of G. sulphuraria in the resulting hydrolysate.

Results
Digestate contained 0.5 × 106 counts per g material, predominantly formed by aerobic, mesophilic organisms. Salmonella sp., yeast and molds, enterobacteriaceae as well as enterococci were diminished within 24 h of hydrolysis or cultivation. During hydrolysis of digestate and cultivation of G. sulphuraria the counts of aerobic, mesophilic organisms could be subsequently reduced by a log reduction factor of 3. The remaining microorganisms were almost exclusively spore forming ones which were reduced by a log reduction factor of 2 during cultivation under acidic conditions.

Conclusion
It is suggested here to include the cultivation of G. sulphuraria in future waste management as hygenization process.

Graphical Abstract
Full-scale computational fluid dynamics study on wind condition of the long-span Queensferry Crossing Bridge
Authors: Zhu Licheng , McCrum Daniel , Sweeney Conor , Keenahan Jennifer 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo date, the majority of numerical modelling [computational fluid dynamics (CFD)] studies on long-span bridges have been carried out on scaled physical models, and without field-data for validation. For the first time, a full-scale bridge aerodynamic CFD study was conducted in this paper. A full-scale three-dimensional CFD model of the middle span and central tower of the Queensferry Crossing, United Kingdom, was created. The aim of this work was accurately simulating the wind field around the bridge. The CFD simulations were developed in OpenFOAM with the k − ω SST turbulence model. Atmospheric boundary layer inflows were configured based on wind profiles provided by a full-scale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. CFD predictions were validated with field data which were collected from an on-site Structural Health Monitoring System. The simulated fluctuating wind field closely satisfied the characteristic of field data and demonstrated that the modelling approach had good potential to be used in practical bridge aerodynamic studies. Meanwhile, comparisons and sensitivity analyses on mesh density provided a reference modelling approach for any future works on full-scale bridge aerodynamic models. Additionally, a cylindrical-like domain was applied in bridge aerodynamics for the first time and verified as being a convenient and reliable way to be used in bridge studies that involve changes in yaw angle.
Permutation identities and fractal structure of rings
Authors: Aishwarya S. , Kedukodi Babushri Srinivas , Kuncham Syam Prasad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe introduce the notion of a product fractal ideal of a ring using permutations of finite sets and multiplication operation in the ring. This notion generalizes the concept of an ideal of a ring. We obtain the corresponding quotient structure that partitions the ring under certain conditions. We prove fractal isomorphism theorems and illustrate the fractal structure involved with examples. These fractal isomorphism theorems extend the classical isomorphism theorems in rings, providing a broader viewpoint.
Green synthesis of nanostructured zinc oxide by Ocimum tenuiflorum extract: characterization, adsorption modeling, cytotoxic screening, and metal ions adsorption applications
Authors: Elsamra Rehab M. I. , Masoud Mamdouh S. , Zidan Alyaa A. , Zokm Gehan M. El , Okbah Mohamed A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Nano-ZnO was synthesized by the reduction of Zn (CH3COO)2.2H2O salt using the extract of Ocimum tenuiflorum leaves. The generated ZnO NPs were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and EDX techniques. FT-IR results approved the characteristic peaks, the formation of ZnO bonds, and the morphology changes after the adsorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ from solutions. The outlined data of the XRD pointed to the formation of a hexagonal wurtzite structure. SEM images showed the spherical nature of the synthesized particles with an average diameter of 19 nm. Moreover, the best conditions for the adsorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ by ZnO NPs were evaluated and fitted to isotherm and kinetic models. Short contact time of ~ 20 min and a small sorbent dosage of 40 mg were sufficient conditions for attaining maximum Pb2+ adsorption capacity. Based on the modeling parameters, the adsorption follows pseudo-second-order kinetics where ZnO and metal ions are involved in the rate-determining step. Two important applications were thoroughly studied. The nanoparticles significantly removed Pb2+ and Cd2+ contaminants from real environmental water samples collected from different locations in Egypt. Additionally, the cytotoxic activity results provided perfect evidence for the higher efficacy of the synthesized ZnO NPs as an anticancer agent against Panc-1, PC-3, and CACO-2 cell lines with IC50 of 1.70, 3.67, and 5.70 μgml−1, respectively, compared to cisplatin (IC50 = 3.57, 5.09, and 7.75 μgml−1). Furthermore, a low cytotoxic effect was observed on the normal human lung cell line (MRC-5, IC50 = 22.40 μgml−1). The data can be used as a preliminary study for anticancer drug design after further clinical investigations.
Graphical Abstract
Non-destructive evaluation of the friction stir welding process, generalizing a deep neural defect detection network to identify internal weld defects across different aluminum alloys
Authors: Rabe P. , Reisgen U. , Schiebahn A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFriction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding process, which has significantly disrupted welding technology particularly for aluminum alloy applications. Due to its high-quality welds in all aluminum alloys, comparatively low heat input with high energy efficiency and ecological friendliness, FSW is used in a rapidly growing number of applications. Currently, destructive and non-destructive testing methods are attached as a separate process step to verify weld seam quality, detecting imperfections late in production and requiring costly rework or scrapping of the assembly. Various studies have shown the possibility of using deep neural networks (DNN) to evaluate weld quality and detect welding defects based on recorded data. In this study, conducted within the scope of RWTH Aachen’s Cluster of Excellence, Internet of Production, recurrent neural networks (RNN), and convolutional neural networks (CNN) were successfully trained to classify FSW force data sets, generated while joining different aluminum alloys over a wide range of welding parameters. For internal weld defects bigger than 0.08 mm, detection accuracies over 95% were achieved using bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) networks when limited to a single alloy and thickness. The classification accuracy dropped to ~ 90% when using multiple alloys and sheet thicknesses. The comparison between different network types’ classification accuracy as well as their ability to generalize the defect detection across different welding tasks with varying sheet thicknesses, respective welding tools, and different Al alloys is shown. The systems aim at offering a reliable and cost-efficient quality monitoring solution with a wide range of applicability, increasing the acceptance of the friction stir welding process as well as confidence in the resulting weld seam quality.
The Universal Safety Format in Action: Tool Integration and Practical Application
Authors: Haxel Frederik , Viehl Alexander , Benkel Michael , Beyreuther Bjoern , Birken Klaus , Schmedes Rolf , Grüttner Kim , Mueller-Gritschneder Daniel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDesigning software that meets the stringent requirements of functional safety standards imposes a significant development effort compared to conventional software. A key aspect is the integration of safety mechanisms into the functional design to ensure a safe state during operation even in the event of hardware errors. These safety mechanisms can be applied at different levels of abstraction during the development process and are usually implemented and integrated manually into the design. This does not only cause significant effort but does also reduce the overall maintainability of the software. To mitigate this, we present the Universal Safety Format (USF), which enables the generation of safety mechanisms based on the separation of concerns principle in a model-driven approach. Safety mechanisms are described as generic patterns using a transformation language independent from the functional design or any particular programming language. The USF was designed to be easily integrated into existing tools and workflows that can support different programming languages. Tools supporting the USF can utilize the patterns in a functional design to generate and integrate specific safety mechanisms for different languages using the transformation rules contained within the patterns. This enables not only the reuse of safety patterns in different designs, but also across different programming languages. The approach is demonstrated with an automotive use-case as well as different tools supporting the USF.
Prototyping of digitally manufactured thin glass composite façade panels
Authors: Pfarr Daniel , Louter Christian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The use of thin glass promises to enable a variety of construction industry pursuits. In addition to the ecological benefits of more efficient use of resources, architects can anticipate new design freedoms with thin glass. Based on the sandwich theory, the flexible thin glass can be combined with a 3D-printed open-cell polymer core to form a very rigid yet lightweight composite element. This paper presents an exploratory attempt on the digital manufacturing of thin glass composite façade panels with an industrial robot. It explains the idea of a digital “file-to-factory”-workflow which includes Computer-Aided Design (CAD), Engineering (CAE) and Manufacturing (CAM). The research shows a parametric design process to enable the seamless integration of digital analytic tools. Furthermore, this process shows the potentials and challenges of the digital manufacturing of a thin glass composite panel. Here, partial production steps executed by an industrial robot arm, such as large-format additive manufacturing, mechanical surface preparation, bonding and assembly process are explained. Finally, a first insight into mechanical properties of the composite panel are experimentally and numerically investigated and evaluated under surface load. The general concept of the digital design and manufacturing workflow as well as the results of the experimental study provide the background for the integration of further form-finding and analysis methods as well as the implementation of extensive mechanical investigations in future research.
Impact of antimicrobial use in dogs on antimicrobial resistance and shared flora with human owners
Authors: Beaulac Kirthana , Fellman Claire L. , Wayne Annie S. , McDermott Laura A. , Snydman David R. , Doron Shira 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Transmission of bacteria between animals and humans in domestic households is increasingly recognized. We evaluated the presence of antimicrobial-resistant fecal bacteria in 8 dog-owner–dog pairs before and after the dog received amoxicillin-clavulanate. The study identified shared flora in the humans and dogs that were affected by antimicrobial administration.
Active-learning-based nonintrusive model order reduction
Authors: Zhuang Qinyu , Hartmann Dirk , Bungartz Hans-J. , Lorenzi Juan M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Model order reduction (MOR) can provide low-dimensional numerical models for fast simulation. Unlike intrusive methods, nonintrusive methods are attractive because they can be applied even without access to full order models (FOMs). Since nonintrusive MOR methods strongly rely on snapshots of the FOMs, constructing good snapshot sets becomes crucial. In this work, we propose a novel active-learning-based approach for use in conjunction with nonintrusive MOR methods. It is based on two crucial novelties. First, our approach uses joint space sampling to prepare a data pool of the training data. The training data are selected from the data pool using a greedy strategy supported by an error estimator based on Gaussian process regression. Second, we introduce a case-independent validation strategy based on probably approximately correct learning. While the methods proposed here can be applied to different MOR methods, we test them here with artificial neural networks and operator inference.
Cults, Conspiracies, and Fantasies of Knowledge
Authors: Munro Daniel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThere's a certain pleasure in fantasizing about possessing knowledge, especially possessing secret knowledge to which outsiders don't have access. Such fantasies are typically a source of innocent entertainment. However, under the right conditions, fantasies of knowledge can become epistemically dangerous, because they can generate illusions of genuine knowledge. I argue that this phenomenon helps to explain why some people join and eventually adopt the beliefs of epistemic communities who endorse seemingly bizarre, outlandish claims, such as extreme cults and online conspiracy theory groups. It can be difficult to grasp how members of such groups come to believe the theories they endorse. I argue that one route to such beliefs is via deep absorption in fantasies of knowledge, which can lead entire groups to become collectively detached from reality.
Investigating aspects of paternalistic leadership within the job demands–resources model
Authors: Lee Michelle Chin Chin , Kee Yun Jian , Lau Samantha Shi Yea , Jan Ghulam 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe literature on the job demands–resources (JD-R) theory has flourished for the past decade due to the theory's simplicity and its applications in many areas of work life. However, the literature is lacking on how leaders can utilize this theory to manage employees, especially in the Asian leadership context. Using the JD-R theory, the current study investigated each aspect of paternalistic leadership (i.e., benevolent leadership, authoritarian leadership and moral leadership) and its influence on employees' job resources (i.e., work meaningfulness and influence at work), job demands (i.e., emotional and cognitive demands), work engagement, burnout and the processes involved. Four hundred and thirty-one (431) full-time working employees (mean age: 31.58; female: 57.8%) from various organizations in Malaysia participated in the study. Using structural equation modelling, the study's results showed that the benevolent aspect of paternalistic leadership was related to higher work engagement and lower burnout through work meaningfulness (but not through influence at work). In contrast, the authoritarian aspect of paternalistic leadership was related to higher burnout through emotional demands (but not through cognitive demands), while the moral leadership aspect had no significant relationship to employees' job demands or job resources, with a mediation process not found in either relationship. Overall, the study revealed three contrasting mechanisms for each aspect of paternalistic leadership and suggested how paternalistic leadership may be practised in Asian countries.
Pre-diagnostic intake of vitamin D and incidence of colorectal cancer by anatomical subsites: the Norwegian Women and Cancer Cohort Study (NOWAC)
Authors: Paulsen Elise Marlen , Rylander Charlotta , Brustad Magritt , Jensen Torill E 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAccording to the World Cancer Research Fund International, vitamin D might decrease the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, less is known about the association with cancers in different subsites of the colon and in the rectum. The aim of this study was to examine associations between pre-diagnostic intake of vitamin D and risk of CRC by anatomical subsites. Data from 95 416 participants in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Cohort Study was included, and vitamin D intake was estimated from two repeated FFQ. Associations between vitamin D intake and incidence of CRC were assessed using multivariable Cox regression. During follow-up, there were 1774 incident cases of CRC. A small but borderline significant inverse association was found for a 5-µg increase in vitamin D intake and risk of CRC (hazard ratio (HR) = 0·97; 95 % CI 0·93, 1·01) and colon cancer (HR = 0·96; 95 % CI 0·91, 1·01). High (≥ 20 µg) compared with low (< 10 µg) vitamin D intake was associated with 17 % borderline significant reduced risk of CRC (HR = 0·83; 95 % CI 0·68, 1·02). Medium (10–19 µg) v. low intake (< 10 µg) was associated with 27 % reduced risk of proximal colon cancer (HR = 0·73; 95 % CI 0·57, 0·94). No significant associations were observed between vitamin D intake and risk of distal colon or rectal cancer. Our study indicates that vitamin D may be differently associated with subsites of the colon. The association between vitamin D intake and proximal colon cancer is novel.