bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ink Design Enabling Slot‐Die Coated Perovskite Solar Cells with >22% Power Conversion Efficiency, Micro‐Modules, and 1 Year of Outdoor Performance Evaluation
Authors: Li Jinzhao , Dagar Janardan , Shargaieva Oleksandra , Maus Oliver , Remec Marco , Emery Quiterie , Khenkin Mark , Ulbrich Carolin , Akhundova Fatima , Márquez José A. , Unold Thomas , Fenske Markus , Schultz Christof , Stegemann Bert , Al‐Ashouri Amran , Albrecht Steve , Esteves Alvaro Tejada , Korte Lars , Köbler Hans , Abate Antonio , Többens Daniel M. , Zizak Ivo , List‐Kratochvil Emil J. W. , Schlatmann Rutger , Unger Eva 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe next technological step in the exploration of metal‐halide perovskite solar cells is the demonstration of larger‐area device prototypes under outdoor operating conditions. The authors here demonstrate that when slot‐die coating the halide perovskite layers on large areas, ribbing effects may occur but can be prevented by adjusting the precursor ink's rheological properties. For formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) precursor inks based on 2‐methoxyethanol, the ink viscosity is adjusted by adding acetonitrile (ACN) as a co‐solvent leading to smooth FAPbI3 thin‐films with high quality and layer homogeneity. For an optimized content of 46 vol% of the ACN co‐solvent, a certified steady‐state performance of 22.3% is achieved in p‐i‐n FAPbI3‐perovskite solar cells. Scaling devices to larger areas by making laser series‐interconnected mini‐modules of 12.7 cm2, a power conversion efficiency of 17.1% is demonstrated. A full year of outdoor stability testing with continuous maximum power point tracking on encapsulated devices is performed and it is demonstrated that these devices maintain close to 100% of their initial performance during winter and spring followed by a significant performance decline during warmer summer months. This work highlights the importance of the real‐condition evaluation of larger area device prototypes to validate the technological potential of halide perovskite photovoltaics.
Fluorination and its Effects on Electrocatalysts for Low‐Temperature Fuel Cells
Authors: Chatenet Marian , Berthon‐Fabry Sandrine , Ahmad Yasser , Guérin Katia , Colin Marie , Farhat Hani , Frezet Lawrence , Zhang Gaixia , Dubois Marc 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe benefits of covalent grafting of fluorine atoms onto carbonaceous materials are described for the design of new electrocatalysts for low‐temperature fuel cells. In order to obtain the best results, the fluorination conditions must be carefully chosen according to the physicochemical properties of the starting materials (specific surface area, pore size distribution, crystallinity, and doping). By describing the main fluorination routes, the article aims to help in the choice of efficient treatment conditions. The effects of fluorination on the performance of the platinum group metal (PGM)‐based catalyst and the non‐PGM‐based electrocatalyst are discussed. Finally, future research prospects and technical challenges of fluorination for fuel cells are proposed.
Composition analysis of gastrointestinal contents of laboratory‐reared and wild lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens)
Authors: Naznin Afroza , Genz Janet 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study assessed the composition of digesta from captive and wild Acipenser fulvescens to consider how food availability and dietary absorption may influence stocking survival. Non‐lethal gastric lavage and colonic flushing were evaluated in laboratory fish and then in wild A. fulvescens caught from the Tennessee River. Gastrointestinal contents were collected at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, and 32 h post‐feeding. The stomach content relative to ingested food was 36.67% ± 5.09% at 2 h post‐feeding, peaking at 4 h (75.82% ± 14.09%), and no food was recovered after 12 h. The colonic solid waste (g/kg) increased with time, with the highest recovery (5.40 ± 1.30 g/kg) at 32 h. Proximate composition of collected samples was determined using standard colorimetric assay protocols. There was a significant reduction in protein concentration in the stomach starting at 2 h, and glucose concentrations were stable in both stomach and colonic contents from 2 to 32 h post‐feeding in laboratory animals, suggesting longer processing times for dietary glucose compared to other nutrients. The protein concentration of recovered stomach solids was very similar between laboratory and wild populations (46.17 ± 7.32 vs. 40.00 ± 6.57 mg/dL) and in colonic solids (22.99 ± 4.26 vs. 19.86 ± 3.95 mg/dL). Lipid concentrations, however, deviated substantially, with 40.11 ± 7.71 mg/dL in stomach and 35.59 ± 7.29 mg/dL in faeces of laboratory fish, and only 18.26 ± 3.47 mg/dL (stomach) and 22.00 ± 5.54 mg/dL (colonic) in wild fish. Glucose represented a relatively small fraction in both stomach and colonic contents and differed based on habitat only in the colon, with wild fish retaining complex sugars for longer periods. These results indicate that high‐energy diet components are either reduced in natural diets or are preferentially absorbed within the first 12 h compared to laboratory fish. More study on use of lipid‐dense foods in the riverine environment may provide information to improve the survival of A. fulvescens to support their reintroduction.
Trends in clinical trials for olfactory dysfunction in the COVID‐19 era
Authors: Wang Vickie J. , Abdou Hisham , Sheth Amar H. , Manes R. Peter , Rimmer Ryan 
Published: March 2023

Key points
Nearly half of all olfactory dysfunction (OD) clinical trials since 2010 are COVID‐19–related.
COVID‐19‐related OD trials are published significantly faster than COVID‐19–unrelated trials.
High‐quality clinical trials and publications are crucial to discovering effective treatments.
Psychophysical assessment of olfactory and gustatory function in post‐mild COVID‐19 patients: A matched case‐control study with 2‐year follow‐up
Authors: Boscolo‐Rizzo Paolo , Hummel Thomas , Invitto Sara , Spinato Giacomo , Tomasoni Michele , Emanuelli Enzo , Tofanelli Margherita , Cavicchia Angelo , Grill Vittorio , Vaira Luigi Angelo , Lechien Jerome R , Borsetto Daniele , Polesel Jerry , Dibattista Michele , Menini Anna , Hopkins Claire , Tirelli Giancarlo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to psychophysically evaluate the prevalence of smell and taste dysfunction 2 years after mildly symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection compared to that observed at 1‐year follow‐up and while considering the background of chemosensory dysfunction in the no‐coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) population.MethodThis is a prospective case‐control study on 93 patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐positive SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and 93 matched controls. Self‐reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunction was assessed by 22‐item Sino‐Nasal‐Outcome Test (SNOT‐22), item “Sense of smell or taste.” Psychophysical orthonasal and retronasal olfactory function and gustatory performance were estimated using the extended Sniffin’ Sticks test battery, 20 powdered tasteless aromas, and taste strips test, respectively. Nasal trigeminal sensitivity was assessed by sniffing a 70% solution of acetic acid.ResultsThe two psychophysical assessments of chemosensory function took place after a median of 409 days (range, 366–461 days) and 765 days (range, 739–800 days) from the first SARS‐CoV‐2–positive swab, respectively. At 2‐year follow‐up, cases exhibited a decrease in the prevalence of olfactory (27.9% vs. 42.0%; absolute difference, −14.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], −21.8% to −2.6%; p = 0.016) and gustatory dysfunction (14.0% vs. 25.8%; absolute difference, −11.8%; 95% CI, −24.2% to 0.6%; p = 0.098). Subjects with prior COVID‐19 were more likely than controls to have an olfactory dysfunction (27.9% vs. 10.8 %; absolute difference, 17.2%; 95% CI, 5.2% to 28.8%) but not gustatory dysfunction (14.0% vs. 9.7%; absolute difference, 4.3%; 95% CI, −5.8% to 14.4% p = 0.496) still 2 years after the infection. Overall, 3.2% of cases were still anosmic 2 years after the infection.ConclusionsAlthough a proportion of subjects recovered from long‐lasting smell/taste dysfunction more than 1 year after COVID‐19, cases still exhibited a significant excess of olfactory dysfunction 2 years after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection when compared to matched controls.
Era of the 4D animal model
Authors: Zhang Lihong , Guo Jindan , Liu Jiangning 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRevealing the entire dynamics of pathogenesis is critical for understanding, preventing and treating human disease but is limited by systematic clinical sampling. This drawback can be overcome with animal model studies. Recent advances in phenotyping, omics and bioinformatics technologies promote the development of the 4D animal model to simulate and digitally display the spatiotemporal landscapes of phenotypes and molecular dynamics in human diseases and reveal novel targets for diagnosis and therapy. In this commentary, the origin, supporting technologies, content, function and application, and advantages of 4D animal models over clinical studies and traditional animal models, as well as their limitations, are presented.
Cytokines inNew‐OnsetRefractory Status Epilepticus Predict Outcomes
Authors: Hanin Aurélie , Cespedes Jorge , Dorgham Karim , Pulluru Yashwanth , Gopaul Margaret , Gorochov Guy , Hafler David A. , Navarro Vincent , Gaspard Nicolas , Hirsch Lawrence J. 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate inflammation using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum cytokines/chemokines in patients with new‐onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) to better understand the pathophysiology of NORSE and its consequences.MethodsPatients with NORSE (n = 61, including n = 51 cryptogenic), including its subtype with prior fever known as febrile infection‐related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES), were compared with patients with other refractory status epilepticus (RSE; n = 37), and control patients without SE (n = 52). We measured 12 cytokines/chemokines in serum or CSF samples using multiplexed fluorescent bead‐based immunoassay detection. Cytokine levels were compared between patients with and without SE, and between the 51 patients with cryptogenic NORSE (cNORSE) and the 47 patients with a known‐etiology RSE (NORSE n = 10, other RSE n = 37), and correlated with outcomes.ResultsA significant increase of IL‐6, TNF‐α, CXCL8/IL‐8, CCL2, MIP‐1α, and IL‐12p70 pro‐inflammatory cytokines/chemokines was observed in patients with SE compared with patients without SE, in serum and CSF. Serum innate immunity pro‐inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (CXCL8, CCL2, and MIP‐1α) were significantly higher in patients with cNORSE compared to non‐cryptogenic RSE. Patients with NORSE with elevated innate immunity serum and CSF cytokine/chemokine levels had worse outcomes at discharge and at several months after the SE ended.InterpretationWe identified significant differences in innate immunity serum and CSF cytokine/chemokine profiles between patients with cNORSE and non‐cryptogenic RSE. The elevation of innate immunity pro‐inflammatory cytokines in patients with NORSE correlated with worse short‐ and long‐term outcomes. These findings highlight the involvement of innate immunity‐related inflammation, including peripherally, and possibly of neutrophil‐related immunity in cNORSE pathogenesis and suggest the importance of utilizing specific anti‐inflammatory interventions. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:75–90
Insights into the Role of Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a Photobase in Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer in (sp3)C−H Oxygenation of Oxazolidinones
Authors: Galushchinskiy Alexey , Zou Yajun , Odutola Jokotadeola , Nikačević Pavle , Shi Jian‐Wen , Tkachenko Nikolai , López Núria , Farràs Pau , Savateev Oleksandr 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGraphitic carbon nitride (g‐CN) is a transition metal free semiconductor that mediates a variety of photocatalytic reactions. Although photoinduced electron transfer is often postulated in the mechanism, proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) is a more favorable pathway for substrates possessing X−H bonds. Upon excitation of an (sp2)N‐rich structure of g‐CN with visible light, it behaves as a photobase—it undergoes reductive quenching accompanied by abstraction of a proton from a substrate. The results of modeling allowed us to identify active sites for PCET—the ‘triangular pockets’ on the edge facets of g‐CN. We employ excited state PCET from the substrate to g‐CN to selectively cleavethe endo‐(sp3)C−H bond in oxazolidine‐2‐ones followed by trapping the radical with O2. This reaction affords 1,3‐oxazolidine‐2,4‐diones. Measurement of the apparent pKa value and modeling suggest that g‐CN excited state can cleave X−H bonds that are characterized by bond dissociation free energy (BDFE) ≈100 kcal mol−1.
Effect of raw material composition on combustion behavior of quasi‐particles in the iron ore sintering process
Authors: Meng Hanxiao , Wang Jiankang , Xue Xue , Huang Shengyao , Zhou Hao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs the basic unit of iron ore sintering bed, the combustion behavior of quasi‐particles significantly impacts the sintering process. Adding biomass char leads to the deterioration of sintering quality, which was originally for the reduction of carbon emission. In this study, the isothermal thermogravimetric platform was used to analyze the combustion behavior of quasi‐particles using different fuels and ores. The results show that the mass of quasi‐particles packed bed decreases rapidly with combustion, then rises slowly, and then tends to be stable. The quasi‐particle samples in the combustion process were quenched with liquid nitrogen, and the composition changes in the quasi‐particle combustion process were analyzed. The results show that the excessive mass loss is caused by the reduction of iron ore in the sintering atmosphere, which also means heat loss. Compared with the samples using coke, when the fuel is exhausted, the proportion of calcium ferrite in the samples using charcoal decreases by 10.94%, while the proportion of magnetite and FeO is 11.36% and 1.04% higher, respectively, which will further lead to the formation of calcium iron olivine and reduce the sinter strength. The addition of magnetic concentrate may help to reduce the heat loss caused by the reduction reactions, but it is necessary to optimize the sintering process.
Organophotoredox‐mediated Formal [3+2]‐Cycloaddition of 2H‐Azirines with Aryldiazonium Salts: Direct Access to Trisubstituted 1,2,4‐Triazoles
Authors: Mishra Poornima , Kumar Prashant , Srivastava Oj Shikhar , Rastogi Namrata 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe present work documents an organophotoredox‐mediated formal [3+2]‐cycloaddition of 2H‐azirines with aryl diazonium tetrafluoroborate salts to furnish 1,3,5‐trisubstituted 1,2,4‐triazoles. The reaction furnishes a regioisomeric mixture of 1,2,4‐triazoles in case of unsymmetrically substituted azirines. It is noteworthy that aryl radical generation from diazonium salt under visible light photoredox conditions could be successfully avoided by carefully selecting the reaction conditions.
Helicity characteristics of cyclonic vortexes and their effect on convection in a wide‐ranging extreme rainstorm in China
Authors: Chen Yongren , Li Yueqing , Liu Xinchao , Zhu Li 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOn 20–22 July 2012, a severe rainstorm occurred in the Sichuan basin of Southwest China and in the Beijing area of North China. This rainstorm was related to the activities of a Tibetan Plateau vortex (TPV) and Southwest China vortex (SWCV). By using radiosonde, satellite brightness temperature, and NCEP_FNL data, we investigated the helicity characteristics nearly the vortexes and their effect on convection. Results showed that (1) strong precipitation in the Sichuan basin was mainly related to the interaction between the TPV and SWCV, while strong precipitation in the Beijing area was related to the northward movement of a cyclonic vortex caused by a split in the SWCV. (2) During the occurrence of the rainstorm, four mesoscale convection systems (MCSs) were observed. Their vertical structure showed a positive vorticity–negative divergence in the lower levels, and negative vorticity–positive divergence in the upper levels, accompanied by vertical upward movement. This was an important factor in the development and maintenance of MCSs, as well as one of the mechanisms for producing heavy precipitation. On this basis, we further discussed the effect of helicity on the MCSs in the atmospheric environment with rotational characteristics. Results showed that the increase in negative water vapour helicity and storm‐relative helicity were more likely to cause a strong development of MCSs.
Order restricted inference for a multiple step‐stress model with long‐term survivors for a general family of distributions
Authors: Pal Ayan , Mitra Sharmishtha , Kundu Debasis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this article, we propose a failure rate based step‐stress accelerated life testing (SSALT) model assuming that the time‐to‐event distribution belongs to a fairly general family of distributions and the underlying population consists of long term survivors. With increase in stress levels, it is expected that the mean time to the event of interest gets shortened leading to an order restriction among the mean times‐to‐event. We propose here a method of obtaining order restricted maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) based on expectation maximization (EM) algorithm coupled with the method of generalized isotonic regression technique. Additionally, we address the testing of hypothesis problem for the presence of long term survivors in the underlying population based on both asymptotic and non‐asymptotic approaches. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, extensive simulation experiments are carried out and a real data set is analyzed.
Quantitative Cell Classification Based on Calibrated Impedance Spectroscopy and Metrological Uncertainty
Authors: Moradpour Amin , Kasper Manuel , Kienberger Ferry 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is widely used for battery cell testing in industrial production and R&D labs. This work addresses the use of EIS calibration and uncertainty analysis in cell classification. Five scenarios are investigated to discuss qualitatively the impact of calibration and uncertainty on classification. For an experimental demonstration, a cylindrical cell was measured with two mechanical fixtures of different qualities and characterized regarding random errors and calibrated impedances. The impact of uncertainty and impedance calibration on the cell classification is shown, and based on the uncertainty and corresponding error bounds, a confidence level was established for the classification results. Quantitative uncertainty bounds are presented for the full EIS frequency spectrum ranging from 150 mHz to 5 kHz.
Bildbasierte Frischbetonprüfung – Teil 1: Konsistenz und Leimgehalt des Frischbetons
Authors: Schack Tobias , Coenen Max , Haist Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractZur Prüfung der Eigenschaften von Frischbeton liegen gegenwärtig nur sehr einfache empirische Prüfverfahren vor. Im DACH‐Raum wird überwiegend das Ausbreitmaß als Prüfverfahren eingesetzt. Aus dem Durchmesser des ausgebreiteten Frischbetons wird dabei auf die Konsistenz des Betons geschlossen. (Korrektur‐)Maßnahmen bei festgestellten Qualitätsabweichungen basieren nahezu ausschließlich auf einer subjektiven Augenscheinprüfung und demnach auf dem Erfahrungswissen der handelnden Personen. Zur Überwindung und Erweiterung dieser stark subjektiv geprägten Frischbetonprüfung wurde eine bildbasierte Methodik zur Ermittlung von (Frisch‐)Betoneigenschaften entwickelt und validiert. Neben dem Durchmesser können so u. a. aus der Oberflächengestalt umfangreiche – bislang für den Prüfenden unzugängliche – Informationen z. B. zur Betonzusammensetzung oder zur Homogenität des Frischbetons abgeleitet werden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden zunächst die Grundlagen für die bildbasierte Frischbetonprüfung erläutert und anschließend eine Methode zur bildbasierten Ermittlung der Konsistenz und des Leimgehalts von frischem Beton vorgestellt. In Folgebeiträgen wird darauf aufbauend die bildbasierte Ermittlung granulometrischer Eigenschaften (Teil 2) und der Homogenität des Frischbetons vorgestellt (Teil 3).
Deep into the niche: Deciphering local endoderm‐microenvironment interactions in development, homeostasis, and disease of pancreas and intestine
Authors: Szlachcic Wojciech J. , Letai Katherine C. , Scavuzzo Marissa A. , Borowiak Malgorzata 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnraveling molecular and functional heterogeneity of niche cells within the developing endoderm could resolve mechanisms of tissue formation and maturation. Here, we discuss current unknowns in molecular mechanisms underlying key developmental events in pancreatic islet and intestinal epithelial formation. Recent breakthroughs in single‐cell and spatial transcriptomics, paralleled with functional studies in vitro, reveal that specialized mesenchymal subtypes drive the formation and maturation of pancreatic endocrine cells and islets via local interactions with epithelium, neurons, and microvessels. Analogous to this, distinct intestinal niche cells regulate both epithelial development and homeostasis throughout life. We propose how this knowledge can be used to progress research in the human context using pluripotent stem cell‐derived multilineage organoids. Overall, understanding the interactions between the multitude of microenvironmental cells and how they drive tissue development and function could help us make more therapeutically relevant in vitro models.
Teaching children with autism spectrum disorder to tact auditory stimuli: A replication
Authors: Bergmann Samantha , Niland Haven , Otero Maria , Gavidia Valeria Laddaga , Kodak Tiffany 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIt is important that tacts are controlled by stimuli across all senses but teaching tacts to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often limited to visual stimuli. This study replicated and extended a study on the effects of antecedent‐stimulus presentations on the acquisition of auditory tacts. We used a concurrent multiple probe across sets design and an embedded adapted alternating treatments design to evaluate acquisition of auditory tacts when auditory stimuli were presented alone (i.e., isolated) or with corresponding pictures (i.e., compound‐with‐known and compound‐with‐unknown) with two school‐aged boys with ASD. Both participants' responding met the mastery criterion no matter the stimulus presentation with at least one set, but one participant failed to acquire one set of stimuli in the isolated condition. The isolated condition was rarely the most efficient. We conducted post‐training stimulus‐control probes, and we observed disrupted stimulus control in the isolated condition for one participant. Implications for arranging auditory tacts instruction are discussed.