bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly efficient export of a disulfide‐bonded protein to the periplasm and medium by the Tat pathway using CyDisCo in Escherichia coli
Authors: Arauzo‐Aguilera Klaudia , Saaranen Mirva J. , Robinson Colin , Ruddock Lloyd W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHigh‐value heterologous proteins produced in Escherichia coli that contain disulfide bonds are almost invariably targeted to the periplasm via the Sec pathway as it, among other advantages, enables disulfide bond formation and simplifies downstream processing. However, the Sec system cannot transport complex or rapidly folding proteins, as it only transports proteins in an unfolded state. The Tat system also transports proteins to the periplasm, and it has significant potential as an alternative means of recombinant protein production because it transports fully folded proteins. Most of the studies related to Tat secretion have used the well‐studied TorA signal peptide that is Tat‐specific, but this signal peptide also tends to induce degradation of the protein of interest, resulting in lower yields. This makes it difficult to use Tat in the industry. In this study, we show that a model disulfide bond‐containing protein, YebF, can be exported to the periplasm and media at a very high level by the Tat pathway in a manner almost completely dependent on cytoplasmic disulfide formation, by other two putative Tat SPs: those of MdoD and AmiC. In contrast, the TorA SP exports YebF at a low level.
Human mpox: Biology, epidemiology, therapeutic options, and development of small molecule inhibitors
Authors: Tang Hairong , Zhang Ao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough monkeypox (mpox) has been endemic in Western and Central Africa for 50 years, it has not received sufficient prophylactic and therapeutical attention to avoid evolving into an epidemic. From January 2022 to January 2023, more than 84,000 of mpox cases were reported from 110 countries worldwide. Case numbers appear to be rising every day, making mpox an increasing global public health threat for the foreseeable future. In this perspective, we review the known biology and epidemiology of mpox virus, together with the latest therapeutic options available for mpox treatment. Further, small molecule inhibitors against mpox virus and the future directions in this field are discussed as well.
The beavertail modified radial forearm free flap: Retrospective review of a versatile technique to increase flap bulk in the head and neck
Authors: Hanubal Krishna S. , Reschly William J. , Conrad Dustin , Festa Bianca Maria , Weiss Joshua P. , Shama Mohamed , Danan Deepa , Hughley Brian , Dziegielewski Peter T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveUtilization of free tissue transfers in head and neck reconstruction has greatly increased due to their dependability and reliability. Anterolateral thigh (ALT) and rectus abdominus (RA) free flaps may provide too much soft tissue bulk, especially in patients with a large body habitus. A radial forearm free flap (RFFF) may be modified with a “beaver tail” (BT), which provides a flap whose bulk may be tailored to a defect. The purpose of this paper is to describe the technique, how it can be used for a variety of defects and the outcomes of these reconstructions.MethodsA retrospective review of prospectively collected data was performed at single tertiary care center between 2012 and 2022. BT‐RFFF was designed by leaving a fibroadipose tail vascularized to branches of the radial artery or separated from the vascular pedicle and left attached to the proximal portion of the skin paddle. Functional outcomes, tracheostomy dependence, and gastrostomy tube (G‐tube) dependence as well as complications were determined.ResultsFifty‐eight consecutive patients undergoing BTRFFF were included. Defects reconstructed included: oral tongue and/or floor of mouth 32 (55%), oropharynx 10 (17%), parotid 6 (10%), orbit 6 (10%), lateral temporal bone 3 (5%), and mentum 1 (2%). Indications for BTRFF were: need for bulk when the ALT and RA were too thick (53%) and need for a separate subcutaneous flap for contouring or deep defect lining (47%). Complications directly related to beavertail included a widened forearm scar (100%), wrist contracture (2%) partial flap loss (2%), and flap loss requiring a revision flap (3%). Ninety‐three percent of patients with oral/oropharyngeal defects and 12‐month follow‐up tolerated oral intake without aspiration and 76% were tube‐independent. Ninety‐three percent were tracheostomy‐free at last follow‐up.ConclusionThe BTRFF is a useful tool for reconstructing complex 3D defects requiring bulk where an ALT or rectus would otherwise provide too much bulk.
Micromechanical formulation of first‐ and second‐order works in unsaturated granular media
Authors: Eghbalian Mahdad , Pouragha Mehdi , Wan Richard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe current work provides a micromechanical formulation of the first‐ and second‐order works for unsaturated granular media. For this purpose, a Representative Elementary Volume (REV) of a triphasic medium is considered, which consists of a collection of particles with the pore space in between them occupied by wetting and non‐wetting fluids. By assigning a kinematics to the REV at the micro‐scale, the first‐ and second‐order works of internal forces associated with the solid phase, fluids, and the interfaces between them are derived. The formulations are presented in the most general case considering large deformations within both Eulerian and Lagrangian formalisms, while the special case of infinitesimal deformation and rotation is also investigated. With respect to classical formulations, the obtained expressions for the first‐ and second‐order works include additional contributions related to the deformation of the interface of the two fluids, and in case of the first‐order work, the change in geometry of the intersection line of the three phases. Next, we consider a special case of pendular regime at low wetting saturation, where the wetting fluid appears as a set of isolated liquid bridges formed between particle pairs. Such condition has been previously simulated via Discrete Element Method (DEM) numerical framework where the distributed capillary forces are replaced with a resultant capillary force that is added as a new contact force. We show here that using the resultant capillary force, the generated first‐ and second‐order works in the REV are generally different from the ones produced by the distributed capillary forces, unless under special conditions.
Space and chaos‐expansion Galerkin proper orthogonal decomposition low‐order discretization of partial differential equations for uncertainty quantification
Authors: Benner Peter , Heiland Jan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe quantification of multivariate uncertainties in partial differential equations can easily exceed any computing capacity unless proper measures are taken to reduce the complexity of the model. In this work, we propose a multidimensional Galerkin proper orthogonal decomposition that optimally reduces each dimension of a tensorized product space. We provide the analytical framework and results that define and quantify the low‐dimensional approximation. We illustrate its application for uncertainty modeling with polynomial chaos expansions and show its efficiency in a numerical example.
Design strategies of the mantis shrimp spike: How the crustacean cuticle became a remarkable biological harpoon
Authors: Delaunois Yann , Tits Alexandra , Grossman Quentin , Smeets Sarah , Malherbe Cédric , Eppe Gauthier , van Lenthe G. Harry , Ruffoni Davide , Compère Philippe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSpearing mantis shrimps are aggressive crustaceans using specialized appendages with sharp spikes to capture fishes with fast movement. Each spike is a biological tool that has to combine high toughness, as required by the initial impact with the victim, with high stiffness and strength, to ensure sufficient penetration while avoid breaking. We performed a multimodal analysis to uncover the design strategies of this harpoon based on chitin. We found that the spike is a slightly hooked hollow beam with the outer surface decorated by serrations and grooves to enhance cutting and interlocking. The cuticle of the spike resembles a multilayer composite: An outer heavily mineralized, stiff, and hard region (with average indentation modulus and hardness of 68 and 3 GPa), providing high resistance to contact stresses, is combined with a less mineralized region, which occupies a large fraction of the cuticle (up to 50%) and features parallel fibers oriented longitudinally, enhancing stiffness and strength. A central finding of our work is the presence of a tiny interphase (less than 10 μm in width) based on helical fibers and showing a spatial modulation in mechanical properties, which has the critical task to integrate the stiff but brittle outer layer with the more compliant highly anisotropic parallel‐fiber region. We highlighted the remarkable ability of this helicoidal region to stop nanoindentation‐induced cracks. Using three‐dimensional multimaterial printing to prototype spike‐inspired composites, we showed how the observed construction principles can not only hamper damage propagation between highly dissimilar layers (resulting in composites with the helical interphase absorbing 50% more energy than without it) but can also enhance resistance to puncture (25% increase in the force required to penetrate the composites with a blunt tool). Such findings may provide guidelines to design lightweight harpoons relying on environmentally friendly and recyclable building blocks.Key Points
The heavily mineralized biological appendages of the mantis shrimp are a constant source of inspiration for developing new engineering materials.
We use characterization methods of material science to investigate a biological harpoon based on chitin.
Several morphological, compositional, microstructural, and biomechanical features are highlighted, allowing the spikes of the mantis shrimp to be remarkable lightweight, tough, and stiff harpoons.
New Zealand (Aotearoa) clinicians' perspectives on the utility of the ICD‐11 personality disorder diagnosis
Authors: Brown Tiffany A. , Sellbom Martin , Bach Bo , Newton‐Howes Giles 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe ICD‐11 has now taken effect and includes a new dimensional personality disorder (PD) diagnosis. The current study aimed to examine Aotearoa/New Zealand practitioners' perceptions of the clinical utility of the new PD system. A sample of 124 psychologists and psychiatrists completed a survey, applying the DSM‐5 and ICD‐11 PD diagnostic systems to a current patient, and completed clinical utility metrics on the DSM‐5 and ICD‐11 models. Additional open‐ended questions further elicited clinicians' perceptions of the strengths, weaknesses and potential application issues of the ICD‐11 PD diagnosis, and these responses were analysed through thematic analysis. Overall, the ICD‐11 system was rated higher than the DSM‐5 on all six clinical metrics, with no significant difference between psychologists' and psychiatrists' ratings. Five themes emerged: appreciation for an alternative to DSM‐5, structural barriers preventing ICD‐11 PD implementation, personal barriers to ICD‐11 implementation, diagnoses viewed as low utility, clinician preference for formulation and cultural safety considerations for implementation of ICD‐11 PD in Aotearoa/NZ. Overall, clinicians had positive opinions of the clinical utility of the ICD‐11 PD diagnosis, although expressed some concerns about its implementation. The study expands upon initial evidence that mental health practitioners have generally positive perceptions of the ICD‐11 PDs' clinical utility.
Bridging the digital divide for Native American tribes: Roadblocks to broadband and community resilience
Authors: Korostelina Karina V. , Barrett Jocelyn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNative American reservations are faced with a growing need for High‐speed Internet and broadband access but face a variety of barriers to broadband infrastructure deployment. This paper discusses the difficulties tribal nations have faced in developing their education, economy, and access to healthcare and public safety due to the roadblocks in building this infrastructure within their tribes. Using case studies and interviews from over 30 Native American tribes, we reveal the shift of responsibility from federal institutions to Native American communities, stressing a tendency to downplay structural factors of exclusion and inequality affecting tribes' resilience practices. Our article advances the understanding of external and internal factors of roadblocks that Native American tribes have not yet been able to overcome, stemming from limitations of support by state and government institutions, limited capacities and knowledge among tribal members, and complex terrain that also has a sacred value to tribes. Results indicate that resilient communities can produce and sustain practices to overcome internal obstacles, during which resilience practices continue expanding the community's capacity to develop its digital systems and leadership.
Synthesis of homo polymers and block copolymers of chiral/achiral phenylacetylene derivatives. Spectroscopic and molecular modeling study on solvent‐dependent predominance of helical sense
Authors: Goto Masahide , Mino Shota , Sogawa Hiromitsu , Sanda Fumio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA chiral acetylene monomer, (S)‐4‐(2‐butoxy)phenylacetylene [(S)‐1] and an achiral acetylene monomer, 4‐propoxyphenylacetylene (2) were block copolymerized using [(nbd)Rh{C(Ph)=CPh2}(PPh3)]/PPh3 as a catalyst to obtain chiral‐first/achiral‐second and achiral‐first/chiral‐second block copolymers, poly[(S)‐1]‐block‐poly(2) and poly(2)‐block‐poly[(S)‐1]. The block copolymers exhibited circular dichroism (CD) signals in THF attributable to helical conformation with predominantly one‐handed screw sense originating from the poly[(S)‐1] block. In CHCl3, the block copolymers exhibited CD signals with signs reversed from those in THF. The conformational stability of the copolymers was dependent on the composition of (S)‐1 units, regardless of the feed order of the chiral and achiral monomers. The solvent‐dependent predominance of helical sense was confirmed by the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of poly[(S)‐1] 32‐mer models.
Mechanical–thermal–chemical coupled modeling techniques and numerical simulation methods for the firearm igniting process
Authors: Wei Zhifang , Xin Changfan , Hou Xiucheng , Su Yanfei , Wang Fangzhou 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe firing and ignition of firearms is a complex process involving the coupled effects of mechanical, thermal, and chemical mechanisms. The theoretical modeling and numerical simulation methods for primer mixture impact and ignition process are investigated to reveal the response patterns of characteristic variables, such as primer output pressure and the crater on the primer cup that forms when the firing pin strikes the primer to ignite the primer mixture. Theoretical models such as the elastoplastic mechanical response of the primer mixture, the pore collapse hot spot model, and the Lee‐Tarver ignition and growth model are established by studying the impact response, the initiation mechanism, the hot spot formation mechanism, and the energy release mechanism of the primer mixture. Constitutive models of the primer mixture and the primer cup material are established based on a dynamic compression test of the primer mixture under passive confining pressure and a quasi‐static tensile test of the primer cup material. A numerical model of the primer mixture impact and ignition performance is constructed by using ANSYS LS‐DYNA software. The simulation parameters are serially simulated and calibrated through the 3D total Lagrange algorithm. The firing and ignition response process of a small‐caliber firearm is simulated with the 3D Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) algorithm. The relative error between the simulated results and the test results is below 15 %, which validates the feasibility of the numerical simulation methods for the firing and ignition performances of firearms.
Antifungal alkaloids from the branch‐leaves of Clausena lansium Lour. Skeels (Rutaceae)
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Wei , Fu Xiao‐Xiang , Chen Ji‐Guang , Yang Yu‐Le , Wu Wei‐Xuan , Xiao Su‐Ling , Huang Ying‐Jin , Peng Wen‐Wen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe rational utilization of botanical secondary metabolites is one of the strategies to reduce the application of chemical fungicides. The extensive biological activities of Clausena lansium indicate that it has the potential to develop botanical fungicides.RESULTSA systematic investigation on the antifungal alkaloids from C. lansium branch‐leaves following bioassay‐guided isolation was implemented. Sixteen alkaloids, including two new and nine known carbazole alkaloids, one known quinoline alkaloid and four known amides, were isolated. Compounds 4, 7, 12 and 14 showed strong antifungal activity on Phytophthora capsiciwith EC50 values ranging from 50.67 to 70.82 μg mL−1. Compounds 1, 3, 8, 10, 11, 12 and 16 displayed different degrees of antifungal activity against Botryosphaeria dothidea with EC50 values ranging from 54.18 to 129.83 μg mL−1. It was reported for the first time that these alkaloids had antifungal effects on P. capsici or B. dothidea, and their structure–activity relationships were further discussed systematically. Additionally, among all alkaloids, dictamine (12) had the strongest antifungal activities against P. capsici (EC50 = 50.67 μg mL−1) and B. dothidea (EC50 = 54.18 μg mL−1), and its physiological effects on P. capsici and B. dothidea also were further evaluated.CONCLUSIONCapsicum lansium is a potential source of antifungal alkaloids, and C. lansium alkaloids had the potential as lead compounds of botanical fungicides in the development of new fungicides with novel action mechanism. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Testing the role of allelochemicals in different wheat cultivars to sustainably manage weeds
Authors: Vieites‐Álvarez Yedra , Otero Paz , Prieto Miguel Angel , Simal‐Gandara Jesus , Reigosa Manuel J , Sánchez‐Moreiras Adela M , Hussain M. Iftikhar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSelecting wheat varieties with allelopathic potential or high competitiveness against weeds is a sustainable solution for organic farming to eliminate the use of synthetic herbicides. Wheat is one of the most economically important crops. This study focuses on screening the allelopathic or competitive potential of four wheat cultivars, Maurizio, NS 40S, Adesso and Element, on two weeds of interest due to acquired herbicide resistance, Portulaca oleracea and Lolium rigidum, through germination and growth bioassays and the identification and quantification of benzoxazinoids (BXZs) and polyphenols (phenolic acids and flavonoids).ResultsThe different cultivars showed different abilities to manage surrounding weeds and different capacity to exude or accumulate specialized metabolites in the presence of those weeds. Furthermore, each cultivar behaved differently depending on the weed present in the medium. The most efficient cultivar to control the tested monocot and dicot weeds was Maurizio, as it effectively controlled germination and growth of L. rigidum and P. oleracea while exuding large amounts of benzoxazinones through the roots, especially the hydroxamic acids 2,4‐dihydroxy‐7‐methoxy‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3‐one and dihydroxy‐2H‐1,4‐benzoxaxin‐3(4H)‐one. By contrast, NS 40S, Adesso and Element showed the potential to control the growth of just one of the two weeds through allelopathy or competition.ConclusionThis study reveals that Maurizio is the most promising wheat cultivar for sustainable weed control, and that the screening of crop varieties with allelopathic potential, which results in the displacement of synthetic herbicides, is an immediate solution in ecological and sustainable agriculture. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a patient with non‐small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Oyama Setsuko , Shirai Tatsuya , Abe Yukiko , Tsuchiya Maya , Inui Toshiya , Suhara Kozo , Noto Satoshi , Kamimura Mitsuhiro 
Published: March 2023

Key messageHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) has been reported as a rare complication of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI); however, ICI‐related HLH is a life‐threatening and comparatively late adverse event. Early diagnosis is critical, and it should be included in the differential diagnosis especially in patients with cytopenia with fever and hyperferritinaemia.
Mitochondria‐Targeting Phthalocyanines and Porphyrins for Enhanced Photodynamic Tumor Therapy
Authors: Li Mengyuan , Zheng Ke , Liu Xinxin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising non‐invasive treatment modality for tumors. However, the lack of attack targets in tumor cells greatly affects the antitumor efficiency of PDT. Mitochondria, as one of the most pivotal subcellular organelles, generated most of the energy for tumor cells and play an important role in tumor cell proliferation. PDT targeting mitochondria provides a practicable scheme for accurate and efficient antitumor treatment. Hence, the strategies of mitochondria‐based PDT using phthalocyanines or porphyrins as photosensitizers was summarized, including covalent modification of photosensitizers, delivery of drug carriers and cellular respiration in mitochondria. This review will provide guidance in the development of precision medicine for cancer treatment.
Directing Highly Ordered and Dense Li Deposition to Achieve Stable Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Shen Haorui , Tang Pei , Wei Qian , Zhang Yutong , Yu Tong , Yang Huicong , Zhang Rui , Tai Kaiping , Tan Jun , Bai Shuo , Li Feng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLi metal anode is promising to achieve high‐energy‐density battery. However, it has rapid capacity fading due to the generation of inactive Li (dead Li), especially at high current density. This study reveals that the random distribution of Li nuclei leads to large uncertainty for the further growth behavior on Cu foil. Here, periodical regulation of Li nucleation sites on Cu foil by ordered lithiophilic micro‐grooves is proposed to precisely manipulate the Li deposition morphology. The management of Li deposits in the lithiophilic grooves can induce high pressure on the Li particles, leading to the formation of dense Li structure and smooth surface without dendrite growth. Li deposits comprising tightly packed large Li particles largely reduce the side reaction and the generation of isolated metallic Li at high current density. Less dead Li accumulating on the substrate significantly prolongs the cycling life of full cells with limited Li inventory. The precise manipulation of the Li deposition on Cu is promising for high‐energy and stable Li metal batteries.