bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing Step Rate Reduces Peak and Cumulative Insole Force in Collegiate Runners
Authors: MADDEN THOMAS S. , HAWKINS DAVID A. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Increasing step rate has been proposed to reduce overuse injury risk in runners by reducing the magnitude of musculoskeletal loading. Although estimating structure-specific loads is challenging, during level running, changes in a runner’s vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) may provide insight to changes in their musculoskeletal loading. Further, vGRF can be approximated using force sensing insoles.

Purpose
The primary goal of this study was to examine changes in peak insole force and cumulative weighted peak force (CWPF)/km with increased step rate in collegiate runners. The secondary goal was to determine whether sacral acceleration correlates with insole force when increasing step rate.

Methods
Twelve collegiate distance runners ran 1000 m outdoors at 3.83 m·s−1 at preferred and 10% increased step rates while insole force and sacral acceleration were recorded. Cumulative weighted peak force/km was calculated from insole force based on cumulative damage models. The effects of step rate on peak insole force and CWPF·km−1 were tested using paired t tests or Wilcoxon tests. Correlation coefficients between peak axial (approximately vertical) sacral acceleration times body mass and peak insole force were calculated on cohort and individual levels.

Results
Peak insole force and CWPF·km−1 decreased (P < 0.001) with increased step rate. Peak axial sacral acceleration did not correlate with peak insole force on the cohort level (r = 0.35, P = 0.109) but did within individuals (mean, r = 0.69–0.78; P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Increasing step rate may reduce peak vGRF and CWPF·km−1 in collegiate runners. Therefore, clinicians should consider step rate interventions to reduce peak and cumulative vGRF in this population. Individual-specific calibrations may be required to assess changes in peak vGRF in response to increasing step rate using wearable accelerometers.
Facilitating accessible, rapid, and appropriate processing of ancient metagenomic data with AMDirT
Authors: Borry Maxime , Forsythe Adrian , Andrades Valtueña Aida , Hübner Alexander , Ibrahim Anan , Quagliariello Andrea , White Anna E. , Kocher Arthur , Vågene‬ Åshild J. , Bartholdy Bjørn Peare , Spurīte Diāna , Ponce-Soto Gabriel Yaxal , Neumann Gunnar , Huang I-Ting , Light Ian , Velsko Irina M. , Jackson Iseult , Frangenberg Jasmin , Serrano Javier G. , Fumey Julien , Özdoğan Kadir T. , Blevins Kelly E. , Daly Kevin G. , Lopopolo Maria , Moraitou Markella , Michel Megan , van Os Meriam , Bravo-Lopez Miriam J. , Sarhan Mohamed S. , Dagtas Nihan D. , Oskolkov Nikolay , Smith Olivia S. , Lebrasseur Ophélie , Rozwalak Piotr , Eisenhofer Raphael , Wasef Sally , Ramachandran Shreya L. , Vanghi Valentina , Warinner Christina , Fellows Yates James A. 
Published: August 2023

Background: Access to sample-level metadata is important when selecting public metagenomic sequencing datasets for reuse in new biological analyses. The Standards, Precautions, and Advances in Ancient Metagenomics community (SPAAM, https://spaam-community.github.io) has previously published AncientMetagenomeDir, a collection of curated and standardised sample metadata tables for metagenomic and microbial genome datasets generated from ancient samples. However, while sample-level information is useful for identifying relevant samples for inclusion in new projects, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) library construction and sequencing metadata are also essential for appropriately reprocessing ancient metagenomic data. Currently, recovering information for downloading and preparing such data is difficult when laboratory and bioinformatic metadata is heterogeneously recorded in prose-based publications. Methods: Through a series of community-based hackathon events, AncientMetagenomeDir was updated to provide standardised library-level metadata of existing and new ancient metagenomic samples. In tandem, the companion tool 'AMDirT' was developed to facilitate automated metadata curation and data validation, as well as rapid data filtering and downloading. Results: AncientMetagenomeDir was extended to include standardised metadata of over 5000 ancient metagenomic libraries. The companion tool 'AMDirT' provides both graphical- and command-line interface based access to such metadata for users from a wide range of computational backgrounds. We also report on errors with metadata reporting that appear to commonly occur during data upload and provide suggestions on how to improve the quality of data sharing by the community. Conclusions: Together, both standardised metadata and tooling will help towards easier incorporation and reuse of public ancient metagenomic datasets into future analyses.
Comparative evaluation of retention of record bases fabricated using conventional impression and modified digital scan for complete denture: An in vivo study
Authors: Agrawal Mahima , Borle Anjali 
Published: August 2023

Background: In prosthetic dentistry, making an impression to replicate the oral health and tooth morphology is regarded as a crucial step. It is essential to ensure that the intraoral state is replicated as exactly as possible throughout this process, because any mistakes or inconsistencies could significantly impact the quality of the entire denture. In secondary impression, it’s crucial to capture the resilient oral mucosa (oral vestibule and soft palate) in order to acquire a satisfactory retention. As an alternative to conventional impression, digital scanning has been widely used in complete denture procedure. Although the digital scanning of edentulous ridges is feasible, scanning resilient oral tissues in complete denture still cannot be supported digitally. This study focuses on modifying the digital scan and comparison of retention of record bases fabricated from these modified digital scan to the record bases fabricated using conventional impression. Objectives: To compare the retention of record base prepared from conventional impression to the retention of record base from modified digital scan. Methodology: A total of 18 patients with edentulous maxillary arches will be recruited. A modified intraoral scan of the maxilla will be made on nine patients and on the remaining nine patients, a conventionally border moulded impression with a custom tray will be made. A record base with heat polymerized acrylic resin will be made on the definitive cast. Using the modified scanned image, the CAD-CAM bases will be milled. A dynamometer will be placed onto the record base; this will simulate the dislodging forces, thus clinically testing record base retention. Expected outcome: The record bases from modified digital scan will show equivalent or higher retention compared to record bases from conventional impression. Conclusions: By the end of the study, we will know whether resiliency of tissues can be recorded by modified digital scans.
A Prescriptive Machine Learning Approach to Mixed-Integer Convex Optimization
Authors: Bertsimas Dimitris , Kim Cheol Woo 
Published: August 2023

We introduce a prescriptive machine learning approach to speed up the process of solving mixed-integer convex optimization (MICO) problems. We solve multiple optimization instances and train a machine learning model in advance, which we use to solve new instances. Previous works have shown that the predictions of classification algorithms enable us to solve optimization problems much faster than commercial solvers. What distinguishes this paper from the previous work is that we use a prescriptive algorithm, Optimal Policy Trees (OPT), instead of classification algorithms. Whereas classification algorithms aim to predict the correct label and consider all other labels equally undesirable, a prescriptive approach takes into account all the available decision options and their counterfactuals. We first introduce an algorithm that is purely based on OPT and also its extension. We compare their performance with Optimal Classification Trees (OCT) on various MICO problems. Test problems include transportation optimization, portfolio optimization, facility location, and hybrid vehicle control. We also experiment on real-world instances taken from the Mixed Integer Programming Library. OPT-based methods have a significant edge on finding feasible solutions, whereas OCT-based methods have a slight edge on the degree of suboptimality. The proposed extension of the pure OPT algorithm improves on the suboptimality of the solutions the algorithm produces. History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms–Discrete. Funding: The research was funded in part by a grant from OCP to MIT.
A Computationally Efficient Benders Decomposition for Energy Systems Planning Problems with Detailed Operations and Time-Coupling Constraints
Authors: Jacobson Anna , Pecci Filippo , Sepulveda Nestor , Xu Qingyu , Jenkins Jesse 
Published: August 2023

Energy systems planning models identify least-cost strategies for expansion and operation of energy systems and provide decision support for investment, planning, regulation, and policy. Most are formulated as linear programming (LP) or mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problems. Despite the relative efficiency and maturity of LP and MILP solvers, large scale problems are often intractable without abstractions that impact quality of results and generalizability of findings. We consider a macro-energy systems planning problem with detailed operations and policy constraints and formulate a computationally efficient Benders decomposition separating investments from operations and decoupling operational timesteps using budgeting variables in the master model. This novel approach enables parallelization of operational subproblems and permits modeling of relevant constraints coupling decisions across time periods (e.g., policy constraints) within a decomposed framework. Runtime scales linearly with temporal resolution; tests demonstrate substantial runtime improvement for all MILP formulations and for some LP formulations depending on problem size relative to analogous monolithic models solved with state-of-the-art commercial solvers. Our algorithm is applicable to planning problems in other domains (e.g., water, transportation networks, production processes) and can solve large-scale problems otherwise intractable. We show that the increased resolution enabled by this algorithm mitigates structural uncertainty, improving recommendation accuracy. Funding: Funding for this work was provided by the Princeton Carbon Mitigation Initiative (funded by a gift from BP) and the Princeton Zero-carbon Technology Consortium (funded by gifts from GE, Google, ClearPath, and Breakthrough Energy). Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoo.2023.0005 .
Spatial patterns and predictors of unintended pregnancy among reproductive age women in Ethiopia
Authors: Zeru Melkamu A. , Fenta Haile Mekonnen , Mitku Aweke A. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionUnintended pregnancy is amajor sexual and reproductive health problem that imposes substantial health, economical and psychosocial costs to individuals and society as well as significant emotional distress to women, families, and society. The main aim of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution and predictors of unintended pregnancy in Ethiopian regions and administrative zones.MethodsThis study was conducted based on data from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. The prevalence of unintended pregnancy across regions and or zones was assessed using spatial analysis, and the effect of different factors on unintended pregnancy in Ethiopia was investigated using a generalized linear mixed model with a multistage clustered sampling strategy. The crude and best linear unbiased predictor estimations of zones were integrated with the shape file data to demonstrate the performance of each zone on maps.ResultsThe prevalence of unintended pregnancy for reproductive women in Ethiopia was29.49%. The highest rates of unintended pregnancy were recorded in the North Gondar zone of the Amhara region and the Jima zone in the Oromiya region. The mixed effects model revealed that age [AOR = 0.78, 95% CI, 0.62–0.97], residence [AOR = 2.62, 95%CI, 1.94, 7.27], marital status [AOR = 0.05, 95%CI, 0.01–0.38], women education [AOR = 1.34, 95%CI, 0.75–2.39], smoking cigarettes [AOR = 3.67, 95CI, 1.17–11.56], and poorer wealth index [AOR = 1.89, 95% CI, 1.51–2.31] were significantly associated with unintended pregnancy.ConclusionIn Ethiopia, unintended pregnancy is a public health issue, and prevention stratagem for unintended pregnancy among reproductive women need to be focused based on the identified predictors. The spatial distribution of unintended pregnancy varied greatly at zonal and regional levels in Ethiopia. Hence, we recommended that, creating awareness of sexual and reproductive health with special priority to the identified hotspot areas (Amhara, Oromiya and SNN regions) to reduce unintended pregnancy. Emphasis on fertility and contraceptive techniques should be given to couples by health professionals.
Outcome prediction in pediatric fever in neutropenia: Development of clinical decision rules and external validation of published rules based on data from the prospective multicenter SPOG 2015 FN definition study
Authors: Santschi Marina , Ammann Roland A. , Agyeman Philipp K. A. , Ansari Marc , Bodmer Nicole , Brack Eva , Koenig Christa 
Published: August 2023

Background
Fever in neutropenia (FN) remains a serious complication of childhood cancer therapy. Clinical decision rules (CDRs) are recommended to help distinguish between children at high and low risk of severe infection. The aim of this analysis was to develop new CDRs for three different outcomes and to externally validate published CDRs.

Procedure
Children undergoing chemotherapy for cancer were observed in a prospective multicenter study. CDRs predicting low from high risk infection regarding three outcomes (bacteremia, serious medical complications (SMC), safety relevant events (SRE)) were developed from multivariable regression models. Their predictive performance was assessed by internal cross-validation. Published CDRs suitable for validation were identified by literature search. Parameters of predictive performance were compared to assess reproducibility.

Results
In 158 patients recruited between April 2016 and August 2018, 360 FN episodes were recorded, including 56 (16%) with bacteremia, 30 (8%) with SMC and 72 (20%) with SRE. The CDRs for bacteremia and SRE used four characteristics (type of malignancy, severely reduced general condition, leucocyte count <0.3 G/L, bone marrow involvement), the CDR for SMC two characteristics (severely reduced general condition and platelet count <50 G/L). Eleven published CDRs were analyzed. Six CDRs showed reproducibility, but only one in both sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusions
This analysis developed CDRs predicting bacteremia, SMC or SRE at presentation with FN. In addition, it identified six published CDRs that show some reproducibility. Validation of CDRs is fundamental to find the best balance between sensitivity and specificity, and will help to further improve management of FN.
Exploring Endotypes in Chronic Rhinosinusitis (ExpRess): Protocol for a cohort study
Authors: Gokani Shyam Ajay , Jefferson Matthew , Gavrilovic Jelena , Clark Allan , Hildebrand Falk , Wileman Tom , Hopkins Claire , Philpott Carl 
Published: August 2023

Background
Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects approximately 1 in 10 UK adults and impacts quality of life quality of life significantly. Response to treatment may be driven by individual CRS endotypes and therefore work to delineate biomarker clusters that may separate responders from non-responders is needed. The ongoing MACRO three-arm parallel-group trial randomises adult CRS patients to endoscopic sinus surgery, macrolide therapy or placebo.

Aim
This study aims to correlate CRS endotypes with clinical parameters from the ongoing MACRO trial, including olfactory function and outcomes in terms of response to treatment using core biomarkers sets.

Methods
Adult CRS patients enrolled into the MACRO trial will be recruited from participating UK otorhinolaryngology departments. Nasal tissue samples and swabs will be obtained in theatre or clinic from patients randomised to all three trial arms. Nasal tissue will be analysed with multiplex electrochemiluminescence for 32 cytokines including IL-5, IL-13, IgE and periostin. Bacterial swabs will be analysed using illumina miSeq 16S amplicon sequencing. Mean expression for each biomarker will be reported for treatment responder and non-responder groups. Correlation of biomarkers with MACRO trial outcome data such as endoscopic evaluation scores and quality-of-life improvement scores will be reported.

Discussion
Defining clear endotypes in CRS will contribute to refining patient pathways for the efficient use of clinical resources. This work may lay the groundwork for future studies to predict which patients might respond to medical or surgical therapy.
Negros em Programas de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia no Brasil
Authors: Sá Moreira Fernando 
Published: August 2023

Resumo: O presente artigo analisa a composição étnico-racial dos programas de pós-graduação brasileiros da área de filosofia. O propósito é identificar as características gerais da área e analisar os dados disponíveis sobre as declarações de cor/raça em seus mestrados e doutorados. Espera-se que essas análises sejam úteis para a discussão e proposição de ações afirmativas em tais programas. O resultado obtido evidenciou que negros estão largamente sub-representados na pós-graduação em filosofia. Com efeito, a área é atualmente entre as humanidades a de maior concentração de estudantes declarados brancos. Isto posto, o estudo especula possíveis causas e consequências dessa situação, procurando encontrar caminhos para o enfrentamento efetivo do racismo acadêmico.
Palavras-chave: Desigualdades Raciais; Perfil Discente; Racismo Acadêmico.
Black People in Philosophy Graduate Programs in Brazil
Abstract: The present paper analyzes the ethnic-racial composition of Brazilian graduate programs in the field of philosophy. Its purpose is to identify the general characteristics of the field, and to analyze the available data on color/race in its master’s and doctoral programs. It is hoped that these analyzes will be useful for the discussion and proposition of affirmative actions in such programs. The result obtained showed that blacks are largely underrepresented in Brazilian philosophy graduate schools. Indeed, the field is currently the one with the highest concentration of students declared to be white among all the human sciences in Brazil. With that being said, the study speculates on possible causes and consequences of that situation, seeking to find ways to effectively confront academic racism.
Keywords: Racial Inequalities; Student Profile; Academic Racism.
Schwarze Menschen an Graduiertenprogrammen für Philosophie in Brasilien
Zusammenfassung: Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert die ethnisch-rassische Zusammensetzung brasilianischer Graduiertenprogramme im Bereich Philosophie. Sein Zweck ist es, die allgemeinen Merkmale des Fachgebiets zu identifizieren und die verfügbaren Daten zu Farbe/Rasse in seinen Master- und Doktoratsprogrammen zu analysieren. Es ist zu hoffen, dass diese Analysen für die Diskussion und den Vorschlag von Maßnahmen positiver Diskriminierung in solchen Programmen nützlich sein werden. Das hier erreichte Ergebnis zeigte, dass Schwarze in den brasilianischen Graduiertenkollegs stark unterrepräsentiert sind. In der Tat ist das Fachgebiet derzeit dasjenige unter allen Humanwissenschaften in Brasilien mit der höchsten Konzentration von Studenten, die als weiß deklariert werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund spekuliert diese Studie über mögliche Ursachen und Folgen dieser Situation und versucht, Wege zu finden, um akademischem Rassismus wirksam entgegenzutreten.
Schlüsselwörter: Rassenungleichheiten; Studierendenprofil; Akademischer Rassismus.

Data de registro: 16/06/2022
Data de aceite: 26/10/2022
Metapoética erotizada en Lazy Thoughts of a Lazy Woman, de Grace Nichols
Authors: Galettini Azucena 
Published: August 2023

Grace Nichols, poeta guyanesa que reside en el Reino Unido desde 1977, ha recibido especial reconocimiento por sus tres primeras obras: I is a Long-Memoried Woman (1983, ganadora del Commonwealth Poetry Prize), The Fat Black Woman’s Poems (1984) y Lazy Thoughts of a Lazy Woman (1989), en las que la crítica traza una cierta continuidad. Uno de los ejes de análisis centrales ha sido la utilización presente en su obra del erotismo. Así, desde una perspectiva feminista, se la ha alabado y cuestionado por la preponderancia del cuerpo y de la sexualidad en la construcción de sus personas poéticas (Escudero, 2000; Harding, 2007; Scalon, 1998). La presencia de la sexualidad de la mujer y el rol fundamental que Nichols le asigna al cuerpo ha sido leída en clave de «escritura femenina», tomando como marco las teorías de Hélène Cixous, Luce Irigaray, Julia Kristeva (Griffin, 1993; Webhofer, 1996; DeCaires Narain, 2004).
El propósito del presente trabajo es dar cuenta de otra perspectiva posible para pensar la presencia del erotismo en la obra de Nichols: como una forma de construir una metapoética en la que sensualidad y creación se funden. El erotismo no sería, entonces un arma que Nichols esgrime en tanto «poelítica» feminista (Chancy, 1997; Bringas López, 2003), sino más bien una declaración sobre cómo comprender el acto creador.
Para ello, a partir de la visión de erotismo definida por Georges Bataille (1985, [1957]), el enlace entre lo erótico y lo poético que establece Octavio Paz (1994) y el uso de la sexualidad como fuente creadora que defiende Audre Lorde (1984), analizaremos tres poemas de Lazy Thoughts of a Lazy Woman: «On Poems and Crotches, «My Black Triangle» y «With Apologies to Hamlet».
Memoria aural de una lucha
Authors: Lvovich Lea 
Published: August 2023

La inundación de Santa Fe en 2003 fue una de las mayores tragedias evitables de la historia argentina. En este artículo se intenta auscultar los sonidos de la lucha de una de las organizaciones nacidas para exigir justicia. Durante más de 10 años, la Marcha de las Antorchas se manifestó todos los martes (el día que entró el agua a la ciudad) y los 29 de cada mes. Esta agrupación se destaca por trascender el reclamo de reparación material: pretende verdad y castigo a los culpables.
Se abordan las formas del reclamo desde la perspectiva de los sound studies, lo que permite percibir al escenario de la protesta como territorio acústico y atender a lo que los sonidos tienen para informar. A pesar de que la Marcha de las Antorchas ha buscado impacto visual, lo audible se impone a lo visible por su particular modo de afectar. Se analizan los rituales representativos de la agrupación, como el nombrar en voz alta a las víctimas y gritar en la puerta del edificio de Tribunales, como también el rol de las canciones, especialmente No nos moverán y la contrafacta Inundador.