bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Partisan Affiliation of State Governments and State Mortality Rates Before and During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: WOOLF STEVEN H. , SABO ROY T. , CHAPMAN DEREK A. , LEE JONG HYUNG 
Published: September 2023

Policy Points
The increasing political polarization of states reached new heights during the COVID‐19 pandemic, when response plans differed sharply across party lines.
This study found that states with Republican governors and larger Republican majorities in legislatures experienced higher death rates during the COVID‐19 pandemic—and in preceding years—but these associations often lost statistical significance after adjusting for the average income and health status of state populations and for the policy orientations of the states.
Future research may help clarify whether the higher death rates in these states result from policy choices or have other explanations, such as the tendency of voters with lower incomes or poorer health to elect Republican candidates.
ContextIncreasing polarization of states reached a high point during the COVID‐19 pandemic, when the party affiliation of elected officials often predicted their policy response. The health consequences of these divisions are unclear. Prior studies compared mortality rates based on presidential voting patterns, but few considered the partisan orientation of state officials. This study examined whether the partisan orientation of governors or legislatures was associated with mortality outcomes during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsData on deaths and the partisan orientation of governors and legislators were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Conference of State Legislatures, respectively. Linear regression was used to measure the association between Republican representation (percentage of seats held) in legislatures and (1) age‐adjusted, all‐cause mortality rates (AAMRs) in 2015–2021 and (2) excess death rates during three phases of the COVID‐19 pandemic, controlling for median household income, the prevalence of four risk factors (obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart attack, stroke), and state policy orientation. Associations between excess death rates and the governor's party were also examined.FindingsStates with Republican governors or greater Republican representation in legislatures experienced higher AAMRs during 2015–2021, lower excess death rates during Phase 1 of the COVID‐19 pandemic (weeks ending March 28, 2020, through June 13, 2020), and higher excess death rates in Phases 2 and 3 (weeks ending June 20, 2020, through April 30, 2022; p < 0.05). Most associations lost statistical significance after adjustment for control variables.ConclusionsMortality was higher in states with Republican governors and greater Republican legislative representation before and during much of the pandemic. Observed associations could be explained by the adverse effects of policy choices, reverse causality (e.g., popularity of Republican candidates in states with lower socioeconomic and health status), or unmeasured factors that predominate in states with Republican leaders.
Geochemistry, Fluid Inclusions and Sulfur Isotopes of the Goshgarchay Cu‐Au Deposit (Western Azerbaijan) in Lesser Caucasus: Implications for the Origins of Ore‐forming Fluids
Authors: ARIK Fetullah , ÖZEN Yeşim , ALİMAMMADOV Nicat 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Goshgarchay Cu‐Au deposit is located in the central part of the northwest flank of the Murovdagh region in the Lesser Caucasus. The Goshgarchay Cu‐Au deposit is associated with Middle Jurassic volcanic and Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous high‐K calc‐alkaline intrusive rocks. The Cu‐Au mineralization is commonly related to quartz‐sericite‐chlorite alteration dominantly composed of chalcopyrite, gold, sphalerite, pyrite, bornite, hematite, covellite, chalcocite, malachite, and azurite. The Goshgarchay copper‐gold deposit, which is 600 m wide and approximately 1.2 km long, is seen as a fault‐controlled and vein‐, stockwork– and disseminated type deposit. The Goshgarchay Cu‐Au deposit predominantly comprises Cu (max. 64500 ppm) and Au (max. 11.3 ppm), while it comprises relatively less amounts Zn (max. 437 ppm), Mo (max. 47.5 ppm), Pb (max. 134 ppm), and Ag (max. 21 ppm). The homogenization temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions in quartz for stage I range from 380°C to 327°C, and 6.9 wt% to 2.6 wt% NaCl eq., respectively. Th and salinities in quartz for stage II range from 304°C to 253°C, and 7.6 wt% to 3.2 wt% NaCl eq., respectively. The calculated δ34Sh2s values (–1.5‰ to 5.5‰) of sulfides and especially the narrow range of δ34Sh2s values of chalcopyrite and bornite (between –0.07‰ and +0.7‰) indicate that the source of the Goshgarchay Cu‐Au mineralization is magmatic. Based on the mineralogical, geochemical, fluid inclusion, and sulfur isotopic data, the Goshgarchay Cu‐Au deposit represents a late stage peripheral magmatic‐hydrothermal mineralization probably underlain by a concealed porphyry deposit.
Coherent Chemical Variation Trends of the 55—25 Ma Magmatic Rocks in SE Tibet: N—S Direction Lithospheric Stretching of Eurasia during Early Stage of India—Eurasia Collision
Authors: YANG Tiannan , DONG Mengmeng , XUE Chuandong , XIN Di , LIANG Mingjuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe progressive indentation of India into Eurasia generated an E‐W‐trending orthogonal collision belt and a N‐S‐trending oblique collision belt. Compiling available data reveals that ∼70% of the Cenozoic igneous rocks in eastern and southeastern Tibet are concentrated within an ENE‐trending, ∼550–km long and ∼250–km wide magmatic zone (CMZ) that once separated the orthogonal and oblique collision belts. The Latitude 26°N Line is now its southern boundary. The onset timing of magmatism of the CMZ varies gradually from ∼55 Ma in the westernmost part to ∼27 Ma in the easternmost. Then the magmatism successively occurred and suddenly stopped at ∼25 Ma. The segmented and coherent chemical variation trends found suggest that the CMZ magmatic rocks were formed due to partial melting of the heterogeneous upper mantle and crusts of Eurasia. Subduction of Paleo‐ and Neotethyan oceanic plates generated this compositional and mineralogical heterogeneity. Combined with available geophysical data, the CMZ was diachronously formed in response to asthenosphere upwelling induced by NNW—SSE‐direction lithosphere stretching. The difference in responses of the orthogonal and oblique collision belts to the indentation of the Indian continent has led to this lithosphere stretching.
Clinical outcomes of advanced NSCLC patients with different EGFR exon 19 deletion subtypes treated with first‐line tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A single‐center ambispective cohort study
Authors: Gu Yangchun , Yu Jinyu , Hu Haifeng , Zhang Hua , Cao Baoshan , Liang Li 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundClinical significance of various subtypes of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletion (ex19del) mutation in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear.MethodsWe analyzed EGFR ex19del subtypes in NSCLC patients receiving first‐line tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy at our center (January 2018–June 2022) and correlated them with median progression‐free survival (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS).ResultsWe identified 17 different EGFR ex19del variants in 101 patients. Between the classic (E746_A750del, 64.4%) and nonclassic groups (the rest variants), no significant difference was observed in mPFS (13.5 vs. 19.3 months, p = 0.18) or mOS (44.1 vs. 77.0 months, p = 0.06). mPFS showed no significant difference between ex19del subgroups classified based on the presence of insertion (ex19delins), starting position or length of deletion. However, patients with ex19delins starting at E746 showed longer mPFS than the others (29.7 vs. 12.5 months, p = 0.04), and patients with ex19del of 15 nucleotides had shorter mOS than the others (44.1 vs. 77.0 months, p = 0.03). In multivariate analysis, ex19delins independently predicted a better PFS (HR = 0.311, p = 0.03); however, 15 nucleotide deletion was no longer associated with OS (HR = 0.181, p = 0.11). Secondary T790M mutation incidence was significantly higher in the ex19del subgroup starting at E746 than the others (64.7% vs. 30.8%, p = 0.04).ConclusionsOur study revealed potential differences in TKI efficacy, resistance mechanism, and prognosis of various EGFR ex19del subtypes in NSCLC, underscoring the need for precise selection of first‐line therapy.
Clinical significance of DNA damage response mutations in stage I and stage IIIa NSCLC
Authors: Zhang Haoran , Zhang Dongming , Liu Jia , Shi Yuequan , Liu Xiaoyan , Chen Minjiang , Zhong Wei , Zhao Jing , Xu Yan , Wang Mengzhao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundDNA damage response (DDR) pathways are essential to sustain genomic stability and play a critical role in cancer development and progression. Here, we investigated the profile of DDR gene mutations in early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their prognostic values.MethodsWe first examined 74 DDR genes involved in seven DDR pathways and then focused on six specific genes: ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK1, BARD1, and BRIP1. A total of 179 stage I and IIIa NSCLC patients who received curative resection in Peking Union Medical College Hospital and their corresponding samples were collected for DNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry and survival analysis.ResultsA total of 167 eligible patients were finally analyzed. Mutation frequencies were 82% and 26.3% for the selected 74 genes and six genes, respectively. Mismatch repair (MMR) and nucleotide excision repair (NER) alterations were observed more frequently in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and smokers were more likely to develop the selected six DDR gene mutations than those who never smoked. Deleterious mutations in the six genes were independent prognostic indicators of significantly longer disease‐free survival and overall survival. No association was found between DDR gene status and PD‐L1 expression, CD8 positive lymphocyte and tumor‐associated macrophage infiltration in tumor area. However, numbers of mutations were significantly increased among patients with DDR alterations.ConclusionsDeleterious mutations of these six genes were common in resected NSCLC and could serve as prognostic biomarkers.
Survival outcomes of east Asian patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer treated with first‐line EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A network meta‐analysis of real‐world evidence
Authors: Chang Huang‐Chih , Huang Kuo‐Tung , Tseng Chia‐Cheng , Chen Yu‐Mu , Lai Chien‐Hao , Chang Yu‐Ping , Chen Yung‐Che , Chuang Hung‐Yi , Wang Chin‐Chou 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe comparative efficacies of different generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutated advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain largely unknown. Moreover, whether one EGFR‐TKI confers superior survival remains unclear, especially in East Asians. We conducted a network meta‐analysis (NMA) comparing the survival outcomes of East Asian patients with advanced NSCLC treated with first‐line EGFR‐TKIs.MethodsThe NMA included observational real‐world evidence studies on adult patients with EGFR‐mutated advanced NSCLC who received first (gefitinib and erlotinib), second (afatinib), or third (osimertinib) generation EGFR‐TKIs as frontline therapy. Studies were identified through an online bibliographic search of Medline articles in the PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases.ResultsFor overall survival (OS), afatinib had significantly better hazard ratios (HRs) than osimertinib (HR: 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23–0.91), gefitinib (HR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.43–0.72), and erlotinib (HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.54–0.92). For progression‐free survival (PFS), afatinib had significantly better HRs than gefitinib (HR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.36–0.56) and erlotinib (HR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.49–0.81). Moreover, afatinib was most likely to achieve the longest OS (81.3%), followed by erlotinib (13%), osimertinib, and gefitinib. Furthermore, afatinib was most likely to achieve the longest PFS (48.3%), followed by osimertinib (34.9%) and erlotinib.ConclusionsThis real‐world evidence shows that afatinib confers better survival than other first‐line EGFR‐TKIs in East Asian patients with advanced NSCLC.
Charting the fourth wave: Geographic, temporal, race/ethnicity and demographic trends in polysubstance fentanyl overdose deaths in the United States, 2010–2021
Authors: Friedman Joseph , Shover Chelsea L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsTo characterize polysubstance death in the United States during the transition to the fourth wave of the drug overdose crisis. To characterize co‐involved substances in fatal overdose involving synthetic opioids (mainly illicitly manufactured fentanyl analogues) by year, state, and intersectional sociodemographic groups.DesignPopulation‐based study of national death records.SettingUnited States.Participants/casesAll people who died from drug overdose in the United States between 2010 and 2021.MeasurementsPercentage of all fatal overdose involving fentanyls, stimulants, and other drugs. Most commonly co‐involved substances in fentanyl overdose by state and year. Percentage of fatal fentanyl overdose co‐involving stimulants by state and year. Percentage of fatal fentanyl overdose co‐involving stimulants by intersectional region, race/ethnicity, age, and sex.FindingsThe percent of US overdose deaths involving both fentanyl and stimulants increased from 0.6% (n = 235) in 2010 to 32.3% (34 429) in 2021, with the sharpest rise starting in 2015. In 2010, fentanyl was most commonly found alongside prescription opioids, benzodiazepines, and alcohol. In the Northeast this shifted to heroin‐fentanyl co‐involvement in the mid‐2010s, and nearly universally to cocaine‐fentanyl co‐involvement by 2021. Universally in the West, and in the majority of states in the South and Midwest, methamphetamine‐fentanyl co‐involvement predominated by 2021. The proportion of stimulant involvement in fentanyl‐involved overdose deaths rose in virtually every state 2015–2021. Intersectional group analysis reveals particularly high rates for older Black and African American individuals living in the West.ConclusionsBy 2021 stimulants were the most common drug class found in fentanyl‐involved overdoses in every state in the US. The rise of deaths involving cocaine and methamphetamine must be understood in the context of a drug market dominated by illicit fentanyls, which have made polysubstance use more sought‐after and commonplace. The widespread concurrent use of fentanyl and stimulants, as well as other polysubstance formulations, presents novel health risks and public health challenges.
Consumer preferences for food away from home: Dine in versus delivery
Authors: Kilders Valerie , Caputo Vincenzina , Lusk Jayson L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFood away from home (FAFH) is an integral part of U.S. consumer diets, with food delivery orders becoming more popular in recent years. However, little research has been done on whether choice patterns vary across dining settings and how this might affect the impact food policies such as a red meat tax would have on consumer welfare. We target this gap by implementing a food menu basket‐based experiment (FM‐BBCE) to determine consumer preferences and demand for FAFH in two dining settings: in‐restaurant dining and food delivery. The FM‐BBCE approach enables us to (a) identify the substitution and complementarity patterns between various food types (meat vs. plant‐based food) and courses (appetizers, main courses, and side dishes), and (b) determine the demand and welfare impact of a red meat tax across the two settings. We find that respondent's orders in the delivery setting are typically higher in calories, and most items act as complements for one another, whereas menu items are substitutes in the dine‐in setting. Consumers were generally more price elastic in dine‐in versus delivery settings. Sociodemographics influence choice; for example, urban consumers have a higher preference for plant‐based meat alternatives than rural or suburban respondents. These sociodemographic differences extend to the welfare effects of a red meat tax that we simulate, which is regressive toward low‐income individuals in the delivery setting but not in the dine‐in setting. Findings from this study provide new insights on FAFH consumption, which can be used by producers, policymakers, and academics.
Poorer outcomes in patients with early postoperative delirium: 120‐day follow‐up of the Delirium Reduction by Analgesia Management in Hip Fracture (DRAM‐HF) study
Authors: Hunter Carol Lu , Ni Chroinin Danielle , McEvoy Lynette , Chuan Alwin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe Delirium Reduction by Analgesia Management‐Hip Fracture (DRAM‐HF) model of care, which incorporated a multicomponent intervention focussing on perioperative analgesia and medication optimisation, was associated with reduced Day 3 postoperative delirium (POD) amongst hip fracture patients. We investigated whether this effect was seen at 120 days postoperatively.MethodsWe assessed 120‐day outcomes in all patients who were included in the DRAM‐HF study, by telephone, supplemented by electronic medical records, to include death (primary outcome), residential aged care facility (RACF) residence, patient/carer‐reported frailty, hospital readmission and new dementia diagnosis.ResultsAmongst 300 patients (mean age 81.1, 70% female, none lost to follow‐up), by 120 days, 8% (n = 24) had died; 25% of survivors (n = 68/276) were RACF residents. Twenty‐two per cent were readmitted (n = 61/281). A new dementia diagnosis was reported by 6% (n = 17/281). Intervention status in the DRAM‐HF trial (intervention/control) was not associated with death by 120 days (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.36–1.93, p = 0.67) or other outcomes assessed. POD was independently associated with 120‐day death (aOR 3.3, 95% CI 1.2–9.2, p = 0.02), RACF residence (aOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1–4.7, p = 0.03) and patient/carer‐reported frailty (aOR 5.6, 95% CI 1.0–30.7, p = 0.05), but not readmission (p = 0.21) or new diagnosis of dementia (p = 0.08).ConclusionsIn this cohort, while the DRAM‐HF bundle of care did not influence 120‐day outcomes, patients who experienced POD had poorer clinical outcomes 120‐day postfracture. Given that delirium was associated with death, RACF residence and frailty, models of care which have the potential to reduce POD may have benefits beyond the acute admission, and further investigation is needed.
The translational value of ligand‐receptor binding kinetics in drug discovery
Authors: Liu Hongli , Zhang Haoran , IJzerman Adriaan P. , Guo Dong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe translation of in vitro potency of a candidate drug, as determined by traditional pharmacology metrics (such as EC50/IC50 and KD/Ki values), to in vivo efficacy and safety is challenging. Residence time, which represents the duration of drug‐target interaction, can be part of a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamic nature of drug‐target interactions in vivo, thereby enabling better prediction of drug efficacy and safety. As a consequence, a prolonged residence time may help in achieving sustained pharmacological activity, while transient interactions with shorter residence times may be favourable for targets associated with side effects. Therefore, integration of residence time into the early stages of drug discovery and development has yielded a number of clinical candidates with promising in vivo efficacy and safety profiles. Insights from residence time research thus contribute to the translation of in vitro potency to in vivo efficacy and safety. Further research and advances in measuring and optimizing residence time will bring a much‐needed addition to the drug discovery process and the development of safer and more effective drugs. In this review, we summarize recent research progress on residence time, highlighting its importance from a translational perspective.
Is More Always Better? Testing the Addition Bias for German Language Statistics
Authors: Wolfer Sascha 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis replication study aims to investigate a potential bias toward addition in the German language, building upon previous findings of Winter and colleagues who identified a similar bias in English. Our results confirm a bias in word frequencies and binomial expressions, aligning with these previous findings. However, the analysis of distributional semantics based on word vectors did not yield consistent results for German. Furthermore, our study emphasizes the crucial role of selecting appropriate translational equivalents, highlighting the significance of considering language‐specific factors when testing for such biases for languages other than English.
Bulk and single‐cell alternative splicing analyses reveal roles of TRA2B in myogenic differentiation
Authors: Chen Genghua , Chen Jiahui , Qi Lin , Yin Yunqian , Lin Zetong , Wen Huaqiang , Zhang Shuai , Xiao Chuanyun , Bello Semiu Folaniyi , Zhang Xiquan , Nie Qinghua , Luo Wen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlternative splicing (AS) disruption has been linked to disorders of muscle development, as well as muscular atrophy. However, the precise changes in AS patterns that occur during myogenesis are not well understood. Here, we employed isoform long‐reads RNA‐seq (Iso‐seq) and single‐cell RNA‐seq (scRNA‐seq) to investigate the AS landscape during myogenesis. Our Iso‐seq data identified 61,146 full‐length isoforms representing 11,682 expressed genes, of which over 52% were novel. We identified 38,022 AS events, with most of these events altering coding sequences and exhibiting stage‐specific splicing patterns. We identified AS dynamics in different types of muscle cells through scRNA‐seq analysis, revealing genes essential for the contractile muscle system and cytoskeleton that undergo differential splicing across cell types. Gene‐splicing analysis demonstrated that AS acts as a regulator, independent of changes in overall gene expression. Two isoforms of splicing factor TRA2B play distinct roles in myogenic differentiation by triggering AS of TGFBR2 to regulate canonical TGF‐β signalling cascades differently. Our study provides a valuable transcriptome resource for myogenesis and reveals the complexity of AS and its regulation during myogenesis.
Reduction of HLA donor specific antibodies in heart transplant patients treated with proteasome inhibitors for antibody mediated rejection
Authors: Horn Edward T. , Xu Qingyong , Dibridge Julie N. , Huston Jessica H. , Hickey Gavin W. , Kaczorowski David J. , Keebler Mary E. , Zeevi Adriana 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this project, we describe proteasome inhibitor (PI) treatment of antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) in heart transplantation (HTX). From January 2018 to September 2021, 10 patients were treated with PI for AMR: carfilzomib (CFZ) n = 8; bortezomib (BTZ) n = 2. Patients received 1–3 cycles of PI. All patients had ≥1 strong donor‐specific antibody (DSA) (mean fluorescence intensity [MFI] > 8000) in undiluted serum. Most DSAs (20/21) had HLA class II specificity. The MFI of strong DSAs had a median reduction of 56% (IQR = 13%–89%) in undiluted serum and 92% (IQR = 53%–95%) at 1:16 dilution. Seventeen DSAs in seven patients were reduced > 50% at 1:16 dilution after treatment. Four DSAs from three patients did not respond. DSA with MFI > 8000 at 1:16 dilution was less responsive to treatment. 60% (6/10) patients presented with graft dysfunction; 4/6 recovered ejection fraction > 40% after treatment. Pathologic AMR was resolved in 5/7 (71.4%) of patients within 1 year after treatment. 9/10 (90%) patients survived to 1 year after AMR diagnosis. Using PI in AMR resulted in significant DSA reduction with some resolution of graft dysfunction. Larger studies are needed to evaluate PI for AMR.