bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and function of immunoglobulin domains. VIII. An analysis of the structural requirements in human IgG1 for binding to the Fc receptor of human monocytes.
Authors: Barnett Foster D E , Dorrington K J , Painter R H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A human mononuclear cell population, enriched with monocytes by adhering them to microexudate on Petri dishes previously used for fibroblast cultures was used in a homologous human system to form EA rosettes. IgG1, Fc, and subfragments of Fc representing the C gamma 2 and C gamma 3 domains were tested for their ability to inhibit rosette formation. Although Fc and IgG were equally effective in inhibiting rosette formation over the concentration range 10(-6) to 10(-5) M, all subfragments were inactive at these concentrations. At 10-fold higher concentrations the C gamma 2 fragment was still inactive; however, both the C gamma 3 fragments, pFc' and at C gamma 3, did show significant activity at this higher level. Reduction and alkylation diminished the inhibitory capacity of IgG 10-fold but had a lesser effect on Fc. In a parallel series of experiments the ability of IgG and Fc to inhibit granulocyte rosettes was found to be markedly diminished by reduction and alkylation in both cases. These experiments reveal differences between Fc receptors in different cells, confirm a role for the C gamma 3 homology region in monocyte Fc receptor recognition, but do suggest a requirement, either direct or indirect, for the C gamma 2 domain.
Evidence for a common mucosal immunologic system. II. Influence of the estrous cycle on B immunoblast migration into genital and intestinal tissues.
Authors: McDermott M R , Clark D A , Bienenstock J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The influence of the estrous cycle on the localization of plasma cell precursors in the genital mucosa was studied in CBA/J female mice by using an adoptive transfer system. Within 24 hr after transfer, [3H]-thymidine-labeled donor mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells were observed in maximum number in proestral and estral cervices and vaginae (14.4 and 9.7 labeled cells/100 mm2 of tissue, respectively), and approximately 60% of these cells contained IgA and 25% IgG. During metaestrus and diestrus, however, few labeled MLN cells (4.0/100 mm2 of tissue) localized in the genital tract and this reduction affected the IgA-containing plasmacyte population in particular. In contrast, no change was noted in the frequency of labeled cells containing IgA in the small intestine over the course of the estrous cycle, although small but significant changes were noted in the frequency of labeled cells producing IgG. These results indicate that the hormonal changes during the estrous cycle may affect the localization of IgA plasma cell precursors in the genital tract and thus may alter the local mucosal immune response in this site.
Biosynthesis of lymphocyte surface IgD in the mouse.
Authors: Goding J W , Herzenberg L A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The synthesis of IgD was studied in mouse spleen cells by using [35S]methionine labeling followed by immunoprecipitation with monoclonal antibody and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. After a 15-min pulse of [35S]methionine, a relatively basic form (IgD1) of apparent m.w. 59,000 was precipitated. Conversion into more acidic forms of m.w. 63 to 72,000 (IgD2) took place during a chase period of several hours. The acidic form was identical in mobility to that of IgD labeled by surface radioiodination, and was almost completely removed by treatment of intact cells with pronase. Neuraminidase treatment of the surface form (IgD2) produced a form resembling IgD1 in charge, but with no detectable change in m.w. Treatment of IgD1 with endoglycosidase H resulted in a form with an apparent m.w. of 50,000, whereas IgD2 was resistant to this enzyme. Both IgD1 and IgD2 bound to lentil lectin, whereas only IgD2 bound to Ricinus communis hemagglutinin, which binds to terminal galactose residues. These results indicate that IgD is synthesized as an incompletely glycosylated precursor possessing "high mannose" type oligosaccharide moieties, and passes relatively slowly through the cell. Shortly before surface appearance, galactose and sialic acid are added. No specific association with any other labeled protein was observed, and any IgD secretion was below the limits of detectability.
Cytotoxicity of anti-beta 2-microglobulin xenoantisera to human and murine myeloid progenitor cells and lack of cross-reactivity with colony-stimulating activity.
Authors: Fitchen J H , Ferrone S , Lusis A J , Cline M J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A previous report has suggested an antigenic relationship between beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2 mu) and granulocyte colony-stimulating activity (CSA). Since human myeloid progenitor cells (CFU-C) express HLA antigens and beta 2 mu is a known molecular component of HLA antigens, we wondered whether the reported effect of anti-beta 2 mu heteroantisera on in vitro granulopoiesis might result from cytotoxicity to CFU-C rather than from cross-reactivity with CSA. To test this, we used rabbit antibody reactive with human and murine beta 2 mu (anti-beta 2 mu). Treatment of human and murine bone marrow cells with anti-beta 2 mu and complement resulted in 95+% inhibition of CFU-C colony formation compared to controls. To test for an effect on CSA, anti-beta 2 mu was incubated with human and murine sources of CSA. After addition of goat anti-rabbit Ig antiserum to precipitate immune complexes and unbound anti-beta 2 mu, the supernatant fluid retained CSA but was no longer cytotoxic to CFU-C. These results indicate that human and murine CFU-C express membrane beta 2 mu and that anti-beta 2 mu antibody does not cross-react with human or murine CSA.
Collagen-induced polyarthritis in rats: a study of native type II collagen for adjuvant activity.
Authors: Cremer M A , Stuart J M , Townes A S , Kang A H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Collagen-induced polyarthritis in rats is a new experimental model that shares clinical and histologic features with adjuvant arthritis. To determine whether collagen-induced arthritis is a form of adjuvant disease and to further exclude contamination of collagen with an adjuvant substance, native type II collagen was studied for adjuvant properties. IgM and IgG PFC activity and PBMC [3H]TdR incorporation were studied in rats after injection with TNP-OA combined with IFA, IFA and CII, or CFA. In general, humoral and CMI responses to TNP-OA were lower in rats injected with IFA/CII compared with those with IFA; the presence of CII during primary immunization failed to significantly enhance PFC activity to TNP after a boost. CFA-injected rats gave maximal values in both studies. Mice pretreated with BII in the absence of oil gave PFC responses below control after sensitization with SRC. Furthermore, CII was unable to replace mycobacteria in the induction of EAE in rats and was devoid of mitogenic or polyclonal stimulatory properties. It is concluded that collagen-induced arthritis is a distinct entity from adjuvant arthritis and is dependent upon the unique immunogenicity of type II collagen in rats rather than upon an adjuvant effect.
Purification and biochemical characterization of an inhibitor of DNA synthesis produced by an Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cell line.
Authors: Beneke J S , Qualtiere L F , Nesheim M C , Pearson G R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An inhibitory factor, which has been shown to suppress the uptake of 125I-iododeoxyuridine by both lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells, was isolated from the supernatant of an Epstein-Barr virus- (EBV) transformed B cell line (1605L) established from a cotton-topped marmoset. Purification of the inhibitor, which was produced in serum-free medium by crowded cultures of the 1605L cells, was achieved by DEAE-cellulose chromatography followed by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The apparent m.w. of the 1605L factor was determined to be 65,000 to 70,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The inhibitor was sensitive to digestion by trypsin and chymotrypsin but not RNase or DNase, indicating that it was protein in nature. Exposure of the 1605L factor to 56 degrees C for 1/2 hr or pH 2 for 48 hr at 4 degrees C destroyed its inhibitory activity. The biochemical characteristics and activity of the 1605L inhibitor distinguish it from Type I interferon and several other soluble immunologic mediators known to be produced by lymphoid cell lines.
Elastase-type proteases on the surface of human blood monocytes: possible role in amyloid formation.
Authors: Lavie G , Zucker-Franklin D , Franklin E C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A group of DFP-inhibitable serine proteases that are associated with the cell surface of human peripheral blood monocytes and degrade the amyloid precursor protein SAA has been partially characterized. Enzymes that resemble elastases in being inhibitable by Ac-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-CH2Cl but differ from the secreted macrophage elastase in m.w. can be recovered from SDS gels in the region ranging from 58 to 72 x 10(3) daltons. These enzymes degrade SAA to a product similar in m.w. and antigenic properties to the amyloid A protein. When intact cells are labeled with 3H Ac-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-CH2Cl at 4 degrees C for 3 min, a major 58 x 10(3) and two minor 48 and 65 x 10(3) dalton bands are seen. Another group of enzymes that digests SAA completely through a transient AA-like intermediate can be recovered from the 40 to 58 x 10(3) dalton region of the gels. These enzymes are only minimally inhibited by Ac-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-CH2Cl. We suggest that both types of enzymes may be involved in the proteolytic processes that lead to amyloid formation in secondary amyloidosis.
Three M-components IgA lambda + IgG kappa n + IgG kappa h in one patient (DA): lack of shared idiotypic determinants between IgA and IgG, and the presence of an unusual kappa h chain of 30,000 M.W.
Authors: Bouvet J P , Liacopoulos P , Pillot J , Banda R , Tung E , Wang A C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Two apparently homogeneous electrophoretic bands were found in the serum of a patient (DA) with multiple myeloma. These M-components were identified as IgA-lambda and IgG-kappa paraproteins bearing different idiotypic determinants. Further analysis of the L chains showed that the lambda-chain was homogeneous but the kappa-chain could be separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into two different bands. Both of them were associated with gamma-chains but one (termed kappa n) had normal m.w. (24,500) whereas the other (termed kappa h) was larger (m.w. 30,000). Sugar content of the two DA IgG, as determined by anthrone reaction, was similar in DA IgG kappa n (0.73%) and in DA IgG kappa h (1.1%), clearly demonstrating that the difference in m.w. was not due to a large sugar chain. Furthermore, the peptide map of the kappa h chain included nine peptides absent in those of four other control kappa-chains. Sequence analysis showed that the first 25 N-terminal amino acids of the kappa n differed from those of the kappa h chain at positions 4, 5, 15, 18, and 21. Thus the two kappa-chains had different framework regions.
Two populations of Ia-like molecules on a human B cell line.
Authors: Lampson L A , Levy R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Evidence is presented for two populations of Ia-like molecules on the human B cell line Raji. Two monoclonal antibodies, L203 and L227, are described. Both recognize nonpolymorphic determinants on B cell antigens. Both immunoprecipitate 34,000- and 28,000-dalton material from 125I-labeled extracts of Raji, but L227 precipitates 25,000-dalton material as well. Immunodepletion experiments confirm that the antibodies react with two different populations of molecules.
The hepatitis B virus-associated delta antigen: isolation from liver, development of solid-phase radioimmunoassays for delta antigen and anti-delta and partial characterization of delta antigen.
Authors: Rizzetto M , Shih J W , Gerin J L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The delta antigen-antibody (delta Ag/anti-delta) system is associated with type B hepatitis in man. The delta Ag was extracted and solubilized by sonication and treatment with 6 M GuHCl from the nuclei of human liver obtained at autopsy of a delta-positive subject. A microtiter solid-phase radioimmunoassay was developed and used for the partial characterization of delta Ag. Equilibrium centrifugation, gel filtration and chemical and enzymatic treatments revealed delta Ag to be a protein of approximately 68,000 m.w. with a buoyant density of 1.28 g/cm3 in CsCl, stable to heat, acid, nucleases, and glycosidases, and inactivated by alkali and proteases. A standard preparation of delta Ag was used to develop a blocking solid-phase radioimmunoassay for anti-delta.
Interaction between the labile binding sites of the fourth (C4) and fifth (C5) human complement proteins and erythrocyte cell membranes.
Authors: Law S K , Lichtenberg N A , Holcombe F H , Levine R P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have shown that the labile binding site of C3b interacts covalently with receptive surfaces. We report here an analogous study of the interaction between the labile binding sites of the closely related complement proteins, C4 and C5, with sheep erythrocyte membranes. We find that i) C4b binds covalently to cell surface components; ii) the bond between C4b and receptive molecules is hydroxylamine sensitive; iii) the alpha-polypeptide of C4b binds to receptive molecules; and iv) C5b does not interact covalently with cell surfaces.
Specificity of adoptive chemoimmunotherapy of established syngeneic tumors.
Authors: Cheever M A , Greenberg P D , Fefer A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To examine the specificity of adoptive chemoimmunotherapy (ACIT) of established syngeneic tumors, two noncross-reactive C57BL/6 tumors were studied: a Friend virus-induced tumor (FBL-3) and a chemically induced virus-negative tumor EL-4(G-). In vitro studies confirmed that these tumors are antigenically distinct by demonstrating that the cytotoxic responses of spleen cells from mice immunized in vivo and reexposed to tumor in vitro are immunologically specific. Studies of ACIT with cells from mice immunized in vivo demonstrated similar specificity. Mice receiving 5 x 10(6) FBL-3 on day 0 all died by day 13. Treatment on day 5 with cyclophosphamide (CY), 180 mg/kg, prolonged the median survival time (MST) to day 23. Treatment on day 5 with CY plus 2 x 10(7) normal nonimmune C57BL/6 cells or CY plus cells sensitized to EL-4(G-) had no additional effect on survival whereas 2 x 10(7) C57BL/6 cells sensitized to FBL-3 in vivo prolonged MST to day 64 and cured 13 of 32 mice. Similarly, mice given 2 x 10(5) EL-4(G-) on day 0 all died by day 16, and CY on day 5 prolonged the MST to day 22. As an adjunct to CY, 2 X 10(7) normal cells or cells sensitized to FBL-3 had a modest effect, prolonging the MST to days 37 and 36, respectively. However, treatment with CY plus 2 x 10(7) cells immune to EL-4(G-) cured 22 of 32 mice. The results demonstrate the immunologic specificity of ACIT of syngeneic tumors treated with immune syngeneic cells.
The activation of blast transformation and DNA synthesis in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by wheat germ agglutinin.
Authors: Gordon L K , Hamill B , Parker C W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) has been shown to induce blast transformation and DNA synthesis in a minor subpopulation of human peripherl blood T lymphocytes (PBL). These cells enter DNA synthesis between 24 and 48 hr after stimulation, and demonstrate maximal blast transformation after 48 hr. In cultures of Ficoll/Hypaque purified PBL, the activation appears to be aborted 48 to 72 hr after WGA stimulation. After that time DNA synthesis is arrested and activated cells are rapidly lost from culture. The addition of N-acetyl glucosamine to cultures within 2 hr after WGA stimulation results in an increase in the proportion of cells activated and in the amount of DNA synthesized per cell. These experiments suggest that the abortive response may be due to the presentation of superimposed positive and negative signals.
A subpopulation of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils contains an active form of lactoferrin capable of binding to human monocytes and inhibiting production of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulatory activities.
Authors: Broxmeyer H E , Ralph P , Bognacki J , Kincade P W , Desousa M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Subpopulations of human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) differing in functional capacity were separated by a rosetting procedure by using rabbit IgG antibody-coated sheep erythrocytes (EA). EA+ and EA- populations of PMN both contained lactoferrin (LF) as determined by radioimmunoassay. However, only LF (10(-16) to 10(-6) M) obtained from EA+ (= FC receptor (FcR)+) PMN was able to suppress the production of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulatory activity derived from human monocytes. LF from EA- PMN was inactive at concentrations as high as 10(-5) M. Extracts of EA- PMN contained proteolytic enzymes, not apparent in FcR+ PMN, that inactivated the inhibitory activity of LF obtained from FcR+ PMN. These results were substantiated by immunofluorescence studies. LF from FcR+ PMN bound to monocytes whereas LF from EA- PMN demonstrated negligible binding to the monocytes and extracts from EA- PMN drastically decreased the capability of LF obtained from FcR+ PMN to bind to monocytes. These studies demonstrate functional heterogeneity of peripheral blood PMN and suggest a role for PMN subpopulations in the regulation of myelopoiesis.
Regulation by Fc fragments of the secretion of collagenase, PGE2, and lysozyme by mouse peritoneal macrophages.
Authors: Passwell J H , Dayer J M , Gass K , Edelson P J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fc fragments of human IgG can stimulate resident mouse macrophages in culture to secret collagenase, to increase PGE2 secretion, and to decrease the secretion of lysozyme. Active synthesis and secretion were shown by the progressive accumulation of these products in the extracellular medium and inhibition of secretion by cycloheximide. A dose-dependent effect of Fc fragments was demonstrable. Brief exposure of cells to Fc fragments was sufficient to cause the macrophages to secrete collagenase and large amounts of PGE2 for prolonged periods of time, suggesting that a sustained activation rather than temporary modulation of the cells had occurred. Con A had similar effects on macrophage secretory activity. These findings indicate that proteins that bind to specific macrophage plasma membrane receptors may stimulate the secretion of products that promote the inflammatory response.
Effect of reduction on the structural, biologic, and immunologic properties of the third component of human complement.
Authors: Zemel E S , Cartwright-Harwick C M , Nilsson U R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A decrease of the hemolytic function of human C3 results from reduction with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) or with dithiothreitol (DTT) followed by alkylation with iodoacetamide. In the presence of 3.5 x 10(-2) M NaBH4, the loss of hemolytic activity (68%) is paralleled by a loss of C3b binding to EAC14oxy2 cells (67%), immune adherence (71%), and hemagglutinability (74%), but by no loss of C5 convertase function. Sulfhydryl analysis reveals that two disulfide bonds, both presumed to be situated in the C3 alpha subunit, are broken: one at 2.2 x 10(-2) M and one at 3.5 x 10(-2) M NaBH4. A contrasting inactivation profile is observed in the presence of 1.0 x 10(-1) M DTT. Loss of hemolytic function (76%) is paralleled by a decrease of C5 convertase function (87%), whereas C3b binding, immune adherence, and hemagglutinability are either unaffected or not significantly affected. Sulfhydryl analysis indicates the cleavage of four disulfide bonds; three bonds within C3 alpha and beta are broken at 5.0 x 10(-4) M DTT, and one additional bond within C3 alpha at 1.0 x 10(-3) M DTT. Antigenicity as determined by immunoelectrophoresis is unaltered at any of the above concentrations. The implication of these findings is discussed.
Effector cells in avian spontaneous and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Authors: Fleischer B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Using effector cells from chickens and quails, antibody-dependent and spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC and SCMC) were studied in a 51chromium-release microcytotoxicity assay against erythrocytes and several tumor cells as targets. The effector cells mediating both ADCC and SCMC against tumor targets, as well as those active in ADCC against erythrocytes, exhibited similar characteristics: they were adherent cells of high density, which could be removed by treatment with carbonyl iron and magnet. The effector cell concentration was highest in the peripheral blood and lower in the spleen, whereas no activity was found in thymus and bursa. Lysis was detectable after 15 min of incubation, and the reaction was completed after a few hours. A rabbit antiserum was found to be able to induce ADCC against sheep erythrocytes, but it did so less effectively than a chicken antiserum. Studies on the target specificity of SCMC revealed a preferential destruction of xenogeneic lymphoma targets. These findings are discussed with respect to differences between the avian effector cells and the mammalian K and NK cells.
Regulation of thymus-independent responses: unresponsiveness to a second challenge of TNP-Ficoll is mediated by hapten-specific antibodies.
Authors: Brodeur P H , Wortis H H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
CBA mice immunized with the TI-2 antigen TNP-Ficoll are unresponsive to a second challenge of the same antigen. In addition, spleen cells from unresponsive mice fail to respond to any dose of TNP-Ficoll in vitro. This hapten-specific unresponsive state is T cell independent and is due to hapten-specific IgM-mediated inhibition of B cell triggering. The mechanism of inhibition, although unknown, is unlikely to be antigen masking. In vitro responses to the TI-1 antigen TNP-LPS are not inhibited by concentrations of anti-TNP antibody, which completely suppress responses to TNP-Ficoll.
Antiidiotypic activity in the IgM fractions of mixed cryoglobulins.
Authors: Geltner D , Franklin E C , Frangione B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To search for human antiidiotypic antibodies, cryoglobulins from 11 patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia, 7 of whom had evidence of prior hepatitis B virus infection were separated on Sephadex G-200. Each of the IgM, 8 of which were IgM kappa, was tested with the F(ab')2 fragments prepared from each of the IgG fractions in a solid phase assay by using binding of 125I Staph A protein after the addition of rabbit anti-IgM. Unlike rabbit anti-Fab, which reacted approximately to the same extent with all F(ab')2 fragments, the IgM varied in their binding to F(ab')2 fragments, reacting with 2 to 10 antigens. Nine reacted with their autologous antigen and in 5 instances autologous reactivity exceeded that with heterologous F(ab')2 fragments. Reactivity was not related to prior exposure to HBV. Though absorption with Cohn fraction II F(ab')2 fragments generally abolished reactivity, 1 IgM protein continued to react with nine F(ab')2 fragments and 4 others with the F(ab')2 fragment from a single patient. Even when they contained only a single type of kappa-chain, the IgM appeared to contain multiple antibodies since absorption with solid phase Fc fragments or IgG removed anti-Fc rheumatoid factor activity but failed to affect binding to F(ab')2 fragments. Five of 7 IgM were able to bind the Fv region of a monoclonal IgM kappa-protein. Some of the anti-Fab antibodies were directed against idiotypes since addition of HbsAg to F(ab')2 fragments from HBsAb-positive IgG resulted in a marked decrease in binding of the IgM fraction in 6 out of 7 studies, whereas no decrease was noted in 6 experiments with F(ab')2 fragments that were HBsAb negative. The possible existence of antibodies against other idiotypes or other determinants in the Fab region cannot be excluded.