bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of canola and cereals to amendment of subsurface soil acidity and a hardpan
Authors: Conyers Mark K. , Moroni J. Sergio , Poile Graeme J. , Oates Albert A. , Lowrie Richard , Swan Antony D. , Angus John F. , Peoples Mark B. , Hamblin Peter , Kirkegaard John A. 
Published: April 2023

Context Limitations to crop yield due to subsurface (5–15 cm depth) compaction layers (>2 MPa) and subsurface acidity (pHCa <4.8) have frequently been reported on the non-sodic soils of south-eastern Australia, but amendment studies have been limited in number and inconsistent in the extent and longevity of any response. Aim We tested the hypothesis that amendment of subsurface acidity and compaction would lead to increased grain yield. Method We investigated crop response to the alleviation of these combined subsurface soil constraints by using deep ripping and dry limestone injection to 30 cm depth over 3 years in a canola–cereal sequence. Key results Deep tillage and injection of limestone into the soil both failed to produce significant grain yield responses in any year, despite the reduction of soil strength and increase in pH in subsurface layers. Early vegetative growth sometimes responded to the treatments, but the loss of stored soil water during drier than average seasons appeared to limit grain response. However, we also observed that a proportion of plant roots penetrated these relatively thin constraint layers in unamended soils. Conclusions Amelioration of subsurface acidity and compaction does not necessarily increase grain yield. Implications The effects of subsurface acidity and compaction should be tested on other species and during varying rainfall deciles. Given the potentially large resource requirements for deep amendment of soils, we propose that the selection of tolerant species and cultivars might be more effective in the short term.
The institutionalization of sign language interpreting and COVID-19 briefings in Canada
Authors: Snoddon Kristin , Wilkinson Erin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article critically analyzes current sign language policy trends and related sign language ideologies regarding interpreter provision and the institutionalization of sign language interpreting in Canada. Particular attention is paid to issues of representation in the provision of interpreters for government emergency briefings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the provision of interpreting services for COVID-19 briefings, sign language interpreting as a profession in Canada is revealed as problematic. This is particularly true regarding the institutionalization of the profession and how existing social hierarchies and ideologies are consolidated with respect to diverse deaf people and interpreters.
Fear, class and quiescence: Activist views on the ‘sinister’ narrative during the Irish anti water charges campaign (2014–2016)
Authors: Murray Michael 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
This article explores the deployment of political fear by the Irish government and supporters during the Irish Anti Water Charges Campaign (2014–2016), with a focus on the use of the framing of working-class activists as ‘sinister’. Drawing on the works of John Gaventa and Fiona Jefferies, this article challenges the notion of political fear as a reflection of a wider, cultural malaise that is passively absorbed by targeted communities. Instead, this article contends that political fear was strategically aimed at creating the conditions for quiescence by framing the public discourse around the protest as a violent and dangerous spectacle. A second key argument offered challenges an increasingly common discourse that seeks to link working class activism with violent, hateful populism by demonstrating how deviance framing of protestors ensured that they were to be viewed as both the subject and object of fear, in the latter case, through threats of criminalisation.
Topical Review: Extracting molecular frame photoionization dynamics from experimental data
Authors: Hockett Paul , Makhija Varun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Methods for experimental reconstruction of molecular frame (MF) photoionization dynamics, and related properties—specifically MF photoelectron angular distributions (PADs) and continuum density matrices—are outlined and discussed. General concepts are introduced for the non-expert reader, and experimental and theoretical techniques are further outlined in some depth. Particular focus is placed on a detailed example of numerical reconstruction techniques for matrix-element retrieval from time-domain experimental measurements making use of rotational-wavepackets (i.e. aligned frame measurements)—the ‘bootstrapping to the MF’ methodology—and a matrix-inversion technique for direct MF-PAD recovery. Ongoing resources for interested researchers are also introduced, including sample data, reconstruction codes (the Photoelectron Metrology Toolkit, written in python, and associated Quantum Metrology with Photoelectrons platform/ecosystem), and literature via online repositories; it is hoped these resources will be of ongoing use to the community.
The effectiveness of D2 pellet injection in reducing intra-ELM and inter-ELM tungsten divertor erosion rates in DIII-D during the Metal Rings Campaign
Authors: Cacheris A , Abrams T , Baylor L R , Shiraki D , Unterberg E A , Donovan D C 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Edge localized modes (ELMs) in H-mode plasmas erode plasma-facing components (PFCs) and lead to impurities in the core, reducing confinement. This study analyzes D2 pellet injection on the DIII-D fusion experiment used as an ELM mitigation technique applied during the 2016 tungsten Metal Rings Campaign to reduce W erosion during ELMs. The 400.9 nm photon wavelength line emission intensity of tungsten atoms (WI) filterscope channels and Langmuir probes were used to infer the gross erosion rate of tungsten-coated tiles installed in the divertor of DIII-D. D2 mass injection rates ranging from 34 to 41 arbitrary units (A.U.) and no D2 injection resulted in a similar total W erosion rate during ELMs (intra-ELM). On average, results show a 29% increase in the total gross W erosion rate with intermediate mass injection rates (∼13–23 A.U.) compared to the no pellets and the highest injection rate cases. On average, the fast D2 mass injection rate cases had 15% less erosion in the inter-ELM phase than the case with no pellets. Generally, higher D2 mass injection rates increased the ELM frequency, and the highest injection rates reduced the average erosion per ELM and fractional carbon impurities at the top of the pedestal by nearly 40% when compared to the no-pellet case. As expected, a higher D2 pellet injection rate led to a higher plasma density and lower plasma temperature in the divertor. Additionally, an increasing divertor inter-ELM plasma electron density directly correlated to more frequent pellet injection and a decrease in both the average gross intra-ELM W erosion and the total gross intra-ELM W erosion rate. Simulations of intra-ELM erosion using the ‘free-streaming plus recycling model’ (FSRM) underestimate W erosion during pellet injection by about 30% on average. The discrepancies between the experimental measurements and the FSRM intra-ELM W erosion predictions are postulated to be due to C/W material mixing. A simple analytic mixed-material model is presented and results in better agreement with the experimental data. These results highlight the importance of incorporating the effects of a mixed-material layer in the analysis of PFC erosion.
GaN-based power high-electron-mobility transistors on Si substrates: from materials to devices
Authors: Wu Nengtao , Xing Zhiheng , Li Shanjie , Luo Ling , Zeng Fanyi , Li Guoqiang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Conventional silicon (Si)-based power devices face physical limitations—such as switching speed and energy efficiency—which can make it difficult to meet the increasing demand for high-power, low-loss, and fast-switching-frequency power devices in power electronic converter systems. Gallium nitride (GaN) is an excellent candidate for next-generation power devices, capable of improving the conversion efficiency of power systems owing to its wide band gap, high mobility, and high electric breakdown field. Apart from their cost effectiveness, GaN-based power high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) on Si substrates exhibit excellent properties—such as low ON-resistance and fast switching—and are used primarily in power electronic applications in the fields of consumer electronics, new energy vehicles, and rail transit, amongst others. During the past decade, GaN-on-Si power HEMTs have made major breakthroughs in the development of GaN-based materials and device fabrication. However, the fabrication of GaN-based HEMTs on Si substrates faces various problems—for example, large lattice and thermal mismatches, as well as ‘melt-back etching’ at high temperatures between GaN and Si, and buffer/surface trapping induced leakage current and current collapse. These problems can lead to difficulties in both material growth and device fabrication. In this review, we focused on the current status and progress of GaN-on-Si power HEMTs in terms of both materials and devices. For the materials, we discuss the epitaxial growth of both a complete multilayer HEMT structure, and each functional layer of a HEMT structure on a Si substrate. For the devices, breakthroughs in critical fabrication technology and the related performances of GaN-based power HEMTs are discussed, and the latest development in GaN-based HEMTs are summarised. Based on recent progress, we speculate on the prospects for further development of GaN-based power HEMTs on Si. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of GaN-based HEMTs on Si, aiming to highlight its development in the fields of microelectronics and integrated circuit technology.
Carbon nanotubes-coated cement particles for cement-based sensors with excellent piezoresistivity
Authors: Yuan Jian , Lu Dong , Wu Huiming , Meng Jing , Song Hengxin , Zhong Jing , Xie Ning 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Typically, self-sensing cement composites are prepared by directly mixing cement particles with conductive additives, such as carbon black, carbon nanotubes (CNT), and graphene. This study proposes a novel approach to directly coat cement particles with CNT as the conductive filler (CNT@cement) before contact with water, aiming to develop a high-performance self-sensing cement-based sensor. CNT@cement nano/micro hybrid fabrication relies on a simple and efficient method that enables the uniform absorption of CNT on the surface of cement particles without any surfactants, thereby not diminishing the workability and mechanical properties of cement composites. This cement composite exhibits improved microstructure, bending strength, and electrical conductivity. Remarkably, the formulation with the addition of 0.1 wt% CNT@cement hybrid increases the bending strength by about 23% and improves the electrical conductivity by approximately two orders of magnitude, outperforming previously reported cement composites with similar CNT content. Additionally, outstanding piezoresistivity with a fractional change in resistivity of 1.26 is achieved for our cement-based sensor. These findings represent a major step toward the practical application of CNT in structural health monitoring.
Thermodynamics and robust n-type charge carrier density in Co-doped FeTe2: strain strategy
Authors: Alvi Kaynat , Nazir S 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Herein, we investigated the combined effect of Co-doping and strain (biaxial [110] and hydrostatic [111]) on the thermodynamics and electronic structure of the FeTe2 motif using ab-initio calculations by considering the strong correlation effects. The pristine one has a non-magnetic semiconducting nature with an indirect band gap (E

g
) of 0.384 eV. Interestingly, our results revealed that the Co-doping at the Fe site induced an n-type conductivity (i.e. few states are crossing the Fermi level from the valence to conduction band) in the system having a substantial charge carrier density magnitude of 0.14 × 1021 cm−3. The metallicity mainly comprises the Co-3d orbitals along with a significant contribution from Fe-3d states. Thermodynamic, mechanical, and dynamical stability of the Co-doped FeTe2 structure is confirmed by computing the formation energetic, elastic constants, and phonon band structure, respectively. Generally, an increasing and decreasing trend in E

g
value is evident against the applied compressive and tensile strains having ranged from −5% to +5% for the case of the undoped system, respectively. On the other hand, the Co-doped structure maintained its n-type conduction against considered both types of strains. Moreover, it is demonstrated that compressive strains strengthen the charge carrier density amplitude, while tensile strains show a negative impact. Hence, the present work displays that robust n-type conductivity and stable structure of Co-doped FeTe2 system, makes it a desirable candidate for device applications.
Enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of fabricated ZnS nanoparticles in the photodegradation of methylene blue
Authors: Riazian Mehran 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper first aims to synthesize and characterize ZnS nanoparticles (NPs) by the hydrothermal method. The synthesized NPs are investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Thiosemicarbazide/Zinc acetate dehydrate/ Ethylenediamine/Deionized water are utilized as precursors with three molar ratios and labeled as S1 = 2:1:1:1, S2 = 2:1:1:3 and S3 = 1:2:2:2, respectively. The synthesized pure ZnS NPs under UV irradiation present a higher photodegradation rate in comparison with the existing pure and doped ZnS-based ZnS. The direct optical bandgap of S1, S2 and S3 are estimated by the DRS method and approved by the Tauc method as 3.29 eV, 3.38 eV and 3.37 eV, respectively. The photocatalytic activities of the synthesized pure NPs (S1, S2 and S3) are calculated to be 0.044, 0.036 and 0.050 min−1, respectively. The results indicate the significant effect of precursors on the crystallite phase, optical bandgap and photocatalytic activity of the ZnS NPs so that in comparison with other studies, they could be an effective candidate in the field of photodegradation of the organic dyes.
NET-TEN: a silicon neuromorphic network for low-latency detection of seizures in local field potentials
Authors: Ronchini Margherita , Rezaeiyan Yasser , Zamani Milad , Panuccio Gabriella , Moradi Farshad 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective. Therapeutic intervention in neurological disorders still relies heavily on pharmacological solutions, while the treatment of patients with drug resistance remains an unresolved issue. This is particularly true for patients with epilepsy, 30% of whom are refractory to medications. Implantable devices for chronic recording and electrical modulation of brain activity have proved a viable alternative in such cases. To operate, the device should detect the relevant electrographic biomarkers from local field potentials (LFPs) and determine the right time for stimulation. To enable timely interventions, the ideal device should attain biomarker detection with low latency while operating under low power consumption to prolong battery life. Approach. Here we introduce a fully-analog neuromorphic device implemented in CMOS technology for analyzing LFP signals in an in vitro model of acute ictogenesis. Neuromorphic networks have progressively gained a reputation as low-latency low-power computing systems, which makes them a promising candidate as processing core of next-generation implantable neural interfaces. Main results. The developed system can detect ictal and interictal events with ms-latency and with high precision, consuming on average 3.50 nW during the task. Significance. The work presented in this paper paves the way to a new generation of brain implantable devices for personalized closed-loop stimulation for epilepsy treatment.
Experimental and simulation studies on damage mechanisms of tungsten and molybdenum under compressed plasma flow irradiation
Authors: Zhang Lisong , Zhang Xiaonan , Li Na , Zhang Peng , Mei Xianxiu , Wang Younian , Uglov Vladimir V 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The failure mechanism of plasma-facing components (PFCs) under extreme plasma conditions relevant for fusion reactors were investigated. Here, edge-localized mode (ELM)-like transient thermal shock irradiation experiments were performed on tungsten and molybdenum using compressed plasma flow, and combined with thermal–mechanical analysis by means of finite element simulations to discuss the grain structure evolution, cracking behavior and variations of hardness. When ELM-like thermal shock irradiation was sufficient to melt tungsten and molybdenum, a submicron-sized cellular sub-grain structure was created on their surface due to the high temperature gradient of the molten layer under the effect of Bénard–Marangoni instability. Rapid directional solidification from the bottom of the molten layer to the surface induced the formation of columnar grains dominated by the <200> orientation. While the formation of cellular sub-grains increased hardness, the thermal effect of irradiation and the formation of columnar grains led to softening. The high thermal stress induced by the ELM-like thermal shock produced macro-cracks and micro-cracks on the surface of tungsten and only micro-cracks on the surface of molybdenum. Macro-cracks were generated due to the intrinsic brittleness of tungsten. As a result of stress evolution, longitudinal macro-cracks extending perpendicular to the surface experienced transverse transformation within the material. Micro-cracks formed due to the embrittlement of the re-solidification zone, and their width increased with the melting depth. These results help us to understand failure mechanisms in PFCs under extreme operating conditions and are valuable for developing future fusion reactors.
Encounter-based model of a run-and-tumble particle II: absorption at sticky boundaries
Authors: Bressloff Paul C 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this paper we develop an encounter-based model of a run-and-tumble particle (RTP) confined to a finite interval

[
0
,
L
]

with partially absorbing, sticky boundaries at both ends. We assume that the particle switches between two constant velocity states ±v at a rate α. Whenever the particle hits a boundary, it becomes stuck by pushing on the boundary until either a tumble event reverses the swimming direction or it is permanently absorbed. We formulate the absorption process by identifying the first passage time (FPT) for absorption with the event that the time A(t) spent attached to either wall up to time t (the occupation time) crosses some random threshold

A
ˆ

. Taking

Ψ
(
a
)
≡

P

[

A
ˆ

>
a
]

to be an exponential distribution,

Ψ
=

e

−

κ
0

a

, we show that the joint probability density for particle position X(t) and velocity state

σ
(
t
)
=
±

satisfies a well-defined boundary value problem (BVP) with κ
0 representing a constant absorption rate. The solution of this BVP determines the so-called occupation time propagator, which is the joint probability density for the triplet

(
X
(
t
)
,
A
(
t
)
,
σ
(
t
)
)

. The propagator is then used to incorporate more general models of absorption based on non-exponential (non-Markovian) distributions

Ψ
(
a
)

. We illustrate the theory by calculating the mean FPT and splitting probabilities for absorption. We also show how our previous results for partially absorbing, non-sticky boundaries can be recovered in an appropriate limit. Absorption now depends on the number of collisions

ℓ
(
t
)

of the RTP with the boundary. Finally, we extend the theory by taking absorption to depend on the individual occupation times at the two ends.
Werner states from diagrams
Authors: Lyons David W , Mullican Cristina , Rilatt Adam , Putnam Jack D 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe present two results on multiqubit Werner states, defined to be those states that are invariant under the collective action of any given single-qubit unitary that acts simultaneously on all the qubits. Motivated by the desire to characterize entanglement properties of Werner states, we construct a basis for the real linear vector space of Werner invariant Hermitian operators on the Hilbert space of pure states; it follows that any mixed Werner state can be written as a mixture of these basis operators with unique coefficients. Continuing a study of ‘polygon diagram’ Werner states constructed in earlier work, with a goal to connect diagrams to entanglement properties, we consider a family of multiqubit states that generalize the singlet, and show that their 2-qubit reduced density matrices are separable.
Phase transition between pure modes A and B in a circular cylinder’s wake. Part I: analysis of fluid forces
Authors: Lin L M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Through direct numerical simulations, the transition from pure mode A to mode B in the near wake of a circular cylinder is studied with no effect of vortex dislocations. The Reynolds number is computed from 100 to 330 with the computational spanwise length of 4 diameters. In the present part, fluid forces are analyzed. The results show that mode swapping still exists in the range of Reynolds numbers from 230 to 240. In this range, fluid forces with low and high levels occur intermittently. Moreover, when the critical Reynolds number of 193 (

±

0.5) is exceeded, with the increase of the Reynolds number, the vortex-shedding frequency gradually shifts from a single low frequency, high and low frequency coexistence to a single high frequency.
Importance of PET geogrid in the enhancement of hill slope's safety factor: a finite element approach
Authors: Samal Rasmiranjan , Sahoo Smrutirekha 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Slope stability analysis is crucial since the instability of the slope contributes to the failure of many buildings in hilly areas. Numerous ground improvement techniques are used to address this issue, including vertical drains, grouting, soil replacement, geosynthetic reinforcement, and piling. Geosynthetics are used more frequently to stabilize the hill slope as an alternative and cost-effective approach. The behavior of a geogrid reinforced slope was investigated in the current work utilizing 3D numerical analyses using the finite element program MIDAS GTS NX 2021 v1.1. Five types of geogrid are made up of different materials such as Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Polypropylene (PP), and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) were considered to stabilize the slope. The percentage Increase in Factor of safety for PET, HDPE, LDPE, PVC and PP Geogrid reinforced slopes are 18%, 17.1%, 16.7%, 15.6% and 16.3% respectively as compared to Unreinforced slope. The percentage decrease in deformations for PET, HDPE, LDPE, PVC and PP Geogrid reinforced slopes are 97%, 78.4%, 64.79%, 78.17% and 49% respectively as compared to Unreinforced slope. The PET geogrid reinforced Slope provides a higher factor of safety and lower deformation among other geogrid reinforced Slopes because PET geogrid provides maximum pull-out resistance among different types of geogrid. Similarly, the strain induced in PET geogrid-reinforced slope is minimum among other geogrid-reinforced Slopes due to the lower stiffness of PET geogrid. Hence the slope reinforced with PET geogrid performed well compared to different geogrid-reinforced slopes.