bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonperturbative approach to magnetic response of an isolated nanoring in a strongly anharmonic confinement
Authors: Ding Y. J. , Xiao Y. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIt is a huge challenge in both classical and quantum physics to solve analytically the equation of motion in a strongly anharmonic confinement. For an isolated nanoring, we propose a continuous and bounded potential model, which patches up the disadvantages of the usual square-well and parabolic potentials. A fully nonlinear and nonperturbative approach is developed to solve analytically the equation of motion, from which various frequency shifts and dynamic displacements are exactly derived by an order-by-order self-consistent method. A series of new energy levels and new energy states are found, indicating an alternative magnetic response mechanism. In nominally identical rings, especially, we observe a diamagnetic-paramagnetic transition in the period-halving Φ0/2-current with Φ0 the flux quantum and a large increase in the Φ0-current at least one order of magnitude, which explain well the experimental observations. This work opens a new way to solve the strong or weak nonlinear problems.
Assessment of the water sources for potential channels of faecal contamination within Vhembe District Municipality using sanitary inspections and hydrogen sulphide test
Authors: Murei A. , Kamika I. , Samie A. , Momba M. N. B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNumerous human activities and poor sanitation management cause public health concern, particularly in rural communities without reliable water supply systems and resources for the monitoring of the quality of their water sources. This study assessed the relationship between observed sanitary risks and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) strip test results in the identification of faecal contamination of various water sources used at household level in rural areas of the Vhembe District Municipality. The highest percentage sanitary risk scores ranging from 50 to 100% were recorded for both river and dam water commonly used by the households for multiple purposes, including drinking. All the surface water samples (100%) also tested positive for H2S production, which is linked to the contamination of water sources by bacteria of faecal origin. The overall results showed a significant and positive correlation (r = 0.623, p = 0.003 in the wet season and r = 0.504, p = 0.017 in the dry season) between sanitary risk scores and H2S strip test results. In low resource settings, the use of sanitary inspections combined with the inexpensive and easy-to-use H2S strip tests can be effective as drinking water quality management tools to raise an awareness among community members of the faecal contamination of their water sources.
A complexity assessment framework with structure entropy for a cloud‐edge collaborative manufacturing system
Authors: Li Jiajian , Shi Yanjun , Sun Xueyan , Liu Dong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), along with 5G and beyond networks, is driving a new era of revolution in intelligent manufacturing. However, the integration of more heterogeneous entities and intricate communication protocols complicates the enhanced manufacturing system, posing challenges for quantitatively assessing its complexity. To tackle this issue, a complexity assessment framework for the IIoT‐enabled collaborative manufacturing system is proposed by combining the complex network and information entropy theory. Firstly, industrial entities in the physical space are mapped into a two‐tier complex network taking into account the weights of various access communications. Secondly, an importance‐aware structure entropy is introduced to capture the complexity of industrial networks from the communication perspective in the system. The experiments conducted on various network topological structures validate the proposed method and provide guidance for system design.
Study of half‐bridge series‐resonant induction cooker powered by line rectified DC with less filtering
Authors: Hsieh Hung‐I , Kuo Chao‐Chuan , Chang Wei‐Te 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis and design strategy for a half‐bridge series resonant induction heating (HB SR‐IH) cooker powered by a rectified sinusoidal DC. The simplified equivalent circuit of an induction cooker is modelled by a train of rectified sinusoidal DC pulses chopped at the switching frequency. An average root‐mean‐square (RMS) method is proposed to calculate the RMS resonant voltage and current extrapolated to the power line frequency period. The stability of the cooker is achieved by properly setting the damping ratio in the root‐locus plane to keep the system running quasi‐resonantly at the required power. The power control of the SR HB‐IH cooktop is performed by forced commutation above the resonance frequency. A prototype of a 3 kW HB SR‐IH cooker was designed and implemented to validate the estimated results. Various waveforms from low power to high power are discussed and verified by damping ratio control. The SR HB‐IH cooktop achieves a high‐power factor of 0.95 to 0.995 when generating 300W to 3kW due to less filtered DC power. The power quality assessment showed that the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the line current and voltage measured at 3 kW was 4.1% and 3.5%, respectively.
Critical behavior and magnetocaloric effect simulation in TbFeSi and DyFeSi intermetallic compounds using a Landau universal
Authors: Zaidi N. , Cherif A. 
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we introduce a novel calculation method of magnetic entropy change in an arbitrary ferromagnetic system based on the Landau model for Gibbs free energy and the Arrott–Noakes equation, −ΔSM=11γ+1dA(T)dTM1γ+1−MS1γ+1+11β+1γ+1dB(T)dTM1β+1γ+1−MS1β+1γ+1−M−MSH1γH1−1γ. This theoretical study was applied to TbFeSi (TFS) and DyFeSi (DFS) intermetallic compounds. First, the critical exponents (β; γ) are found as (0.46; 1.08) and (0.26; 1) for TFS and DFS, respectively. Second, the limitations of the Arrott–Noakes equation in simulating the hole −ΔSM(H, T) curves were discussed. Third, the usefulness of the new method reported earlier predicted large RCP values of around 810 and 779 J kg−1 under a 10 T magnetic field for TFS and DFS samples, respectively.
Fire in the bog: responses of peatland vegetation in the Australian Alps to fire
Authors: McDougall Keith L. , Whinam Jennie , Coates Fiona , Morgan John W. , Walsh Neville G. , Wright Genevieve T. , Hope Geoff S. 
Published: April 2023

Context Peatlands in the Australian Alps are important ecologically and recognised in national environmental legislation. Increasing fire frequency over the past 40 years has put the community at greater risk of degradation. Aims Using published studies of fire effects in peatlands and new data, we investigate general responses of peatlands to fire so that risk can be evaluated and appropriate management adopted. Methods We present four case studies that employ repeated measures of floristic composition or chronosequences to assess fire-related changes. Key results Cover of frequently-occurring species declined after fire but most had returned to pre-fire cover after 10 years. Recovery of the obligate seeder shrub Dracophyllum continentis (B.L.Burtt) S.Venter and the dominant moss Sphagnum cristatum Hampe was much slower, but variable for the latter, apparently depending on fire intensity and post-fire moisture availability; both species favoured less frequently burnt peatlands with high soil moisture. Some herbs (including non-native species) benefitted from fire, briefly becoming abundant soon afterwards. Overall species richness and diversity were unaffected by fire. Conclusions Peatlands in the Australian Alps tend to be resilient to single fires with effects on species composition being short-lived. However, species cover (especially Sphagnum cristatum) requires perhaps 20 years between fires for full recovery. Fire can cause localised community extinction and this is likely to be exacerbated by other pressures such as trampling and drought. Implications Fire will be difficult to manage in peatlands but resilience might be built by removing other pressures such as trampling by feral animals.
Progress on Poverty in Africa: The Importance of Growth and Inequality
Authors: Fosu Augustin Kwasi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEmploying World Bank data, this paper, first, historically examines Africa's record on poverty incidence, spread and severity, as compared with other regions of the world, at the US$1.90 and US$3.20 per day (2011 PPP) poverty standards. Second, it evaluates country-specific progress on growth, poverty and inequality, and compares the ‘poverty transformation efficiency vector’ (PTEV) among African countries. Third, the study analyses the relative roles of income growth and inequality changes in explaining African countries' poverty records, through a decomposition of poverty changes using ‘optimal’ income and inequality elasticity estimates from the ‘identity’ model. The study finds that following the dismal record on poverty during the 1980s, progress on poverty has been appreciable since Africa's growth resurgence starting in the mid-1990s, and that this progress was driven mainly by income growth, consistent with the global evidence. Nonetheless, inequality often played a complementary role in most of the countries and, in a small number of cases, it was the primary driver of changes in poverty. Thus, the present study sheds light on country-specific differences in the relative roles of growth and inequality in poverty reduction on the continent, based on both qualitative and quantitative evidence. The study should, therefore, provide a useful compass to those who seek to understand country-specific situations within the African context.
International Portfolio Choice with Frictions: Evidence from Mutual Funds
Authors: Bacchetta Philippe , Tièche Simon , van Wincoop Eric 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Using data on international equity portfolio allocations by U.S. mutual funds, we estimate a portfolio expression derived from a standard mean-variance portfolio model extended with portfolio frictions. The optimal portfolio depends on the previous month and the buy-and-hold portfolio shares, and a present discounted value of expected excess returns. We estimate expected return differentials and use them in the portfolio regressions. The estimates imply significant portfolio frictions and a modest rate of risk aversion. While mutual fund portfolios significantly respond to expected returns, portfolio frictions lead to a weaker and a more gradual portfolio response to changes in expected returns.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Patient-Specific iPSC-Derived Models Link Aberrant Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Sensing and Response to Juvenile Osteochondritis Dissecans Etiology
Authors: Salazar-Noratto Giuliana E , Nations Catriana C , Stevens Hazel Y , Xu Maojia , Gaynard Sean , Dooley Claire , de Nijs Nica , McDonagh Katya , Shen Sanbing , Willimon S Clifton , Barry Frank , Guldberg Robert E 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) is a pediatric disease, which begins with an osteonecrotic lesion in the secondary ossification center which, over time, results in the separation of the necrotic fragment from the parent bone. JOCD predisposes to early-onset osteoarthritis. However, the knowledge gap in JOCD pathomechanisms severely limits current therapeutic strategies. To elucidate its etiology, we conducted a study with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from JOCD and control patients. iPSCs from skin biopsies were differentiated to iMSCs (iPSC-derived mesenchymal stromal cells) and subjected to chondrogenic and endochondral ossification, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress induction assays. Our study, using 3 JOCD donors, showed that JOCD cells have lower chondrogenic capability and their endochondral ossification process differs from control cells; yet, JOCD- and control-cells accomplish osteogenesis of similar quality. Our findings show that endoplasmic reticulum stress sensing and response mechanisms in JOCD cells, which partially regulate chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation, are related to these differences. We suggest that JOCD cells are more sensitive to ER stress than control cells, and in pathological microenvironments, such as microtrauma and micro-ischemia, JOCD pathogenesis pathways may be initiated. This study is the first, to the best of our knowledge, to realize the important role that resident cells and their differentiating counterparts play in JOCD and to put forth a novel etiological hypothesis that seeks to consolidate and explain previously postulated hypotheses. Furthermore, our results establish well-characterized JOCD-specific iPSC-derived in vitro models and identified potential targets which could be used to improve diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies in JOCD.
A Study of Cardiac Outcomes After Droperidol Administration in an Inpatient Psychiatric Cohort
Authors: Yang Tim Zong Tian , Lew Chen , Ilangamage Anushi Thathsara , Gillies Robert Donald , Kulkarni Jayashri 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Purpose/Background
Droperidol is an antipsychotic medication used in psychiatric emergencies to manage acute behavioral disturbance. Droperidol use carries a risk of prolonged QT interval on the electrocardiogram and associated cardiac arrhythmias including torsades de pointes and ventricular fibrillation. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of droperidol in adults admitted to the psychiatric inpatient unit of a large Australian hospital.

Methods/Procedures
In this retrospective cohort study, psychiatric inpatients admitted between October 22, 2018, and March 1, 2021, who received at least 1 dose of intramuscular droperidol were consecutively included. Outcomes of interest were death, cardiac arrhythmias, and QT prolongation. QT prolongation was identified using the QT-interval nomogram.

Findings/Results
This study included 263 patients without exclusion. No deaths or cases of cardiac arrhythmia were recorded within 24 hours of droperidol administration. Electrocardiogram data were available for 41.1% of patients (n = 108) within 7 days of droperidol administration. Two cases of QT prolongation were identified using the QT-interval nomogram, but these patients were also prescribed other medications that may have contributed to QT prolongation.

Implications/Conclusions
This study contributes the first known large retrospective study of safety outcomes including QT prolongation after droperidol administration in a psychiatric inpatient setting. Our findings corroborate mounting evidence supporting the clinical safety of droperidol use in psychiatric settings. Nonetheless, we note that significant barriers remain with regard to timely electrocardiogram monitoring after droperidol use.
Clozapine Use for Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Loo Lek Wei Javier , Chew Qian Hui , Lin Shih-Ku , Yang Su-Yu , Ouyang Wen-Chen , Chen Chih-Ken , Park Seon-Cheol , Jang Ok-Jin , Park Jun Hyuk , Chee Kok-Yoon , Ding Kwong Sen , Chong Jamaline , Zhang Ling , Li Keqing , Zhu Xiaomin , Jatchavala Chonnakarn , Pariwatcharakul Pornjira , Kallivayalil Roy A. , Grover Sandeep , Avasthi Ajit , Ansari Moin , Maramis Margarita M. , Aung Paing Phyo , Sartorius Norman , Xiang Yu-Tao , Tan Chay-Hoon , Chong Mian-Yoon , Park Yong Chon , Kato Takahiro A. , Shinfuku Naotaka , Baldessarini Ross J. , Sim Kang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Pharmacoepidemiological studies of clozapine use to treat bipolar disorder (BD), especially in Asia, are rare, although they can provide insights into associated clinical characteristics and support international comparisons of indications and drug dosing.

Methods
We examined the prevalence and clinical correlates of clozapine treatment for BD in 13 Asian countries and regions (China, Hong Kong SAR, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, and Thailand) within an Asian Prescription Patterns Research Consortium. We compared BD patients treated with clozapine or not in initial bivariate comparisons followed by multivariable logistic regression modeling.

Results
Clozapine was given to 2.13% of BD patients overall, at a mean daily dose of 275 (confidence interval, 267–282) chlorpromazine-equivalent mg/day. Patients receiving clozapine were older, more likely males, hospitalized, currently manic, and given greater numbers of mood-stabilizing and antipsychotic drugs in addition to clozapine. Logistic regression revealed that older age, male sex, current mania, and greater number of other antipsychotics remained significantly associated with clozapine treatment. Clozapine use was not associated with depressed mood, remission of illness, suicidal risk, or electroconvulsive treatment within the previous 12 months.

Conclusions
The identified associations of clozapine use with particular clinical features call for vigilance in personalized clinical monitoring so as to optimize clinical outcomes of BD patients and to limit risks of adverse effects of polytherapy.
Unsupervised Machine Learning Unveil Easily Identifiable Subphenotypes of COVID-19 With Differing Disease Trajectories
Authors: Chen Jacky , Hsu Jocelyn , Szewc Alexandra , Balucini Clotilde , Azad Tej D. , Gong Kirby , Kim Han , Stevens Robert D 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundGiven the clinical heterogeneity of COVID-19 infection, we hypothesize the existence of subphenotypes based on early inflammatory responses that are associated with mortality and additional complications.MethodsFor this cross-sectional study, we extracted electronic health data from adults hospitalized patients between March 1, 2020 and May 5, 2021, with confirmed primary diagnosis of COVID-19 across five Johns Hopkins Hospitals. We obtained all electronic health records from the first 24h of the patient’s hospitalization. Mortality was the primary endpoint explored while myocardial infarction (MI), pulmonary embolism (PE), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), stroke, delirium, length of stay (LOS), ICU admission and intubation status were secondary outcomes of interest. First, we employed clustering analysis to identify COVID-19 subphenotypes on admission with only biomarker data and assigned each patient to a subphenotype. We then performed Chi-Squared and Mann-Whitney-U tests to examine associations between COVID-19 subphenotype assignment and outcomes. In addition, correlations between subphenotype and pre-existing comorbidities were measured using Chi-Squared analysis.ResultsA total of 7076 patients were included. Analysis revealed three distinct subgroups by level of inflammation: hypoinflammatory, intermediate, and hyperinflammatory subphenotypes. More than 25% of patients in the hyperinflammatory subphenotype died compared to less than 3% hypoinflammatory subphenotype (p<0.05). Additional analysis found statistically significant increases in the rate of MI, DVT, PE, stroke, delirium and ICU admission as well as LOS in the hyperinflammatory subphenotype.ConclusionWe identify three distinct inflammatory subphenotypes that predict a range of outcomes, including mortality, MI, DVT, PE, stroke, delirium, ICU admission and LOS. The three subphenotypes are easily identifiable and may aid in clinical decision making.
Online health search via multi-dimensional information quality assessment based on deep language models
Authors: Zhang Boya , Naderi Nona , Mishra Rahul , Teodoro Douglas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundWidespread misinformation in Web resources can lead to serious implications for individuals seeking health advice. Despite that, information retrieval models are often focused only on the query-document relevance dimension to rank results.ObjectiveWe investigate a multi-dimensional information quality retrieval model based on deep learning to enhance the effectiveness of online healthcare information search results.MethodsIn this study, we simulated online health information search scenarios with a topic set of 32 different health-related inquiries and a corpus containing one billion Web documents from the April 2019 snapshot of Common Crawl. Using state-of-the-art pre-trained language models, we assessed the quality of the retrieved documents according to their usefulness, supportiveness, and credibility dimensions for a given search query on 6,030 human-annotated query-document pairs. We evaluated this approach using transfer learning and more specific domain adaptation techniques.ResultsIn the transfer learning setting, the usefulness model provided the largest distinction between help- and harm-compatible documents with a difference of +5.6%, leading to a majority of helpful documents in the top-10 retrieved. The supportiveness model achieved the best harm compatibility (+2.4%), while the combination of usefulness, supportiveness, and credibility models achieved the largest distinction between help- and harm-compatibility on helpful topics (+16.9%). In the domain adaptation setting, the linear combination of different models showed robust performance with help-harm compatibility above +4.4% for all dimensions and going as high as +6.8%.ConclusionsThese results suggest that integrating automatic ranking models created for specific information quality dimensions can increase the effectiveness of health-related information retrieval. Thus, our approach could be used to enhance searches made by individuals seeking online health information.
Halophilic nematodes live in America’s Dead Sea
Authors: Jung Julie , Loschko Tobias , Reich Shelley , Werner Michael S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExtremophiles can reveal the origins of life on Earth and the possibility of life elsewhere. Most identified extremophiles are single-cell microbes, leaving gaps in our knowledge concerning the origins and habitable limits of multicellular organisms. Here, we report the recovery of roundworms (Phylum Nematoda) from the Great Salt Lake (GSL), UT, a hypersaline lake referred to as “America’s Dead Sea”. Nematodes were found primarily in microbialites, benthic organosedimentary structures once abundant on early Earth. 16S sequencing of individual nematodes revealed a diverse bacterial community distinct from its surrounding habitat. Phylogenetic divergence compared to Owens Lake, another terminal lake in the Great Basin, suggests that GSL nematodes represent multiple previously undescribed species. These findings update our understanding of halophile ecosystems and the habitable limit of animals.One-Sentence SummaryWe report the discovery of novel halophilic nematodes in microbialites of the Great Salt Lake, UT.