bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adrenal hypoandrogenism in adolescents with premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Bilici Meliha Esra , Şıklar Zeynep , Çetinkaya Semra , Özsu Elif , Aycan Zehra , Berberoğlu Merih 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) affects 1 in 10,000 children, with its molecular causes largely unknown. Adult studies suggest that low androgen levels induce ovarian insufficiency, but data on about this in children is limited. This study aims to assess the prevalence of low androgen levels in childhood POI and its relationship with adrenal insufficiency.

Materials and methods
Idiopathic POI adolescents were categorized into two groups based on DHEAS and total testosterone (TT) measured by chemiluminescence. Low androgen group (LAG) was defined using cut-offs according to Tanner pubarche staging. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were compared. Morning cortisol <7 mcg/dL and/or ACTH >96 or <5 pg/mL were planned to undergo ACTH stimulation testing, with a peak cortisol response <18 mcg/dL considered insufficient.

Results
Forty-three adolescents, mean age 15.5 ± 1.3 years with a 46, XX karyotype, normal FMR1 mutation, FSH levels >40 mIU/mL, and low AMH levels were included. In 14 cases (37.8 %), DHEAS and TT were low. In the LAG, pubarche was absent in seven patients, and initial height SDS was significantly lower. Morning cortisol ranged from 7.9 to 23.5 mcg/dL, with an ACTH of 29.4 ± 9.7 pg/mL. No differences in adrenal steroids or correlations between DHEAS and ACTH were observed.

Conclusions
Diminished androgen levels are prevalent in children with idiopathic POI. The potential for this condition to increase the risk of adrenal insufficiency and its impact on secondary ovarian insufficiency remains unclear. This study, the first of its kind in children, underscores the potential role of genetic factors in zona reticularis and ovarian development.
Single-channel cooling system design by using perforated porous insert and modeling with POD for double conductive panel
Authors: Selimefendigil Fatih , Benabdallah Faiza , Ghachem Kaouther , Albalawi Hind , Alshammari Badr M. , Kolsi Lioua 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, a single cooling channel system is suggested for conductive double panel systems. The cooling channel for the vertical component uses perforated porous insert (PP-I) and porous insert (P-I), while cylinders are used in the PP-I case. The permeability of the porous channel (Da between

1

0

−
5

1{0}^{-5}

and

1

0

−
1

1{0}^{-1}

), size of the cylinders (Rc between 0 and 0.25), and location of the PP plate (Yp between 1 and 4.5) are all taken into account when calculating the effectiveness of the cooling system using finite element method. It is found that PP-I can effectively control the vortex size and enhance cooling performance, particularly for vertical plate. Nusselt number is enhanced in the absence of cylinders in the vertical channel by 92% as contrasted to 51% in the presence of cylinders. When cylinders are used for the vertical channel, the temperature drop of

1

3

°

C

1{3}^{^\circ }{\rm{C}}

is computed. The flow field noticeably changes when the permeability of the P-I and PP-I is altered. The equivalent temperature increases for P-I and PP-I with setups at

Da
=
1

0

−
5

{\rm{Da}}=1{0}^{-5}

and

Da
=
1

0

−
2

{\rm{Da}}=1{0}^{-2}

are

7.7

°

C

{\text{7.7}}^{^\circ }{\rm{C}}

and

4.4

°

C

{\text{4.4}}^{^\circ }{\rm{C}}

, respectively. The performance of cooling for the vertical plate is influenced favorably by the higher values of the porous plate’s vertical placement. By moving the porous object, it is possible to reduce the temperature by

8

°

C

{8}^{^\circ }{\rm{C}}

. For panel surface temperature, a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)-based reconstruction model with 12 POD modes is used. The POD-based model accurately captures the effects of utilizing P-I and PP-I on the panel temperature.
Milyen iskoláról álmodnak a diákok és a tanárok?
Authors: Szekér-Mihon Anikó 
Published: January 2025

Az ideális iskola minden diák és tanár számára mást jelent, ezért fontos foglalkozni azzal a kérdéssel, hogy hogyan is képzelik el ezt az intézményt. Egy álom iskola sokféle képpen értelmezhető és képzelhető el, jelen tanulmányban azt vizsgálom, hogy a felső tagozatos pécsi diákok, valamint a tanárok elképzelése szerint milyen volna egy ideális iskola mind tárgyi és személyi, mind pedig az abban folyó munkával kapcsolatban. Egy későbbi változáshoz elengedhetetlen tisztában lenni azzal, hogy milyen változásokat látnának célravezetőnek azok, akik ténylegesen részesei az iskolai életnek. Több szempont alapján felmérem, hogy az iskola épületét, a benne oktató tanárokat milyennek képzelik el, miként vélekednek a tantárgyakról, a tanítási napok hosszáról, az osztálylétszámokról, valamint elemzem az egyebekben kiemelt elképzeléseket mindkét vizsgált populáció esetében. Továbbá összehasonlítom, hogy a diákok és a tanárok meglátásai miben egyeznek és térnek el egymástól. Eredményeim nem mutatnak jelentős különbséget a jelenlegi és az idealizált iskola között sem a diákok, sem a tanárok véleményeiben. Minden területen szükségesnek tartanának változtatásokat, azonban ezek nem kiugróak és egyértelműen megvalósíthatóak volnának.Az idealizált és a jelenlegi iskolák közötti különbségek áthidalásához érdemes lenne további iskolák diákjait és tanárait megkérdezni az elképzeléseikről, továbbá a jelenlegi oktatási rendszernek is megvizsgálnia ezeket a meglátásokat, hiszen láthatóvá válik, hogy minimális változásokat szeretnének elérni a diákok és a tanárok is, továbbá ezek az elképzelések hozzájárulhatnak egy elégedettebb tanár társadalomhoz, valamint a diákok jobb teljesítményéhez.
Comparative Analysis of Sorrow in Shakespeare’s Juliet and Homer’s Andromache
Authors: Chakraborty Sanjukta , Gulati Varun , Sharma Deepali 
Published: January 2025

The most memorable protagonists in any given piece of Classical Literature are often the characters who face and overcome the greatest psychological trials and obstacles. This article studies the choices of two such characters who both experience extreme and unimaginable sorrow – Homer’s Andromache and Shakespeare’s Juliet. While one character is content with her role in society, the other tries to break convention in order to be with her love. A deeper psychoanalytical study of their actions and choices, with particular emphasis on the effects of ‘sorrow’ through the lens of Freud’s concepts of bereavement and melancholia, are analyzed in this article. From love and contentment, both women face trials and tribulations which lead to loss and death. However, both these characters’ reactions toward their sorrows are what set them apart from one another; while one woman is idolized as the quintessential pinnacle of womanhood for all generations, the other is immortalized as the rebellious protagonist of a Shakespearean Romantic tragedy.
Cold exposure
reinstates NAD

+

levels and attenuates hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Grazioso Tatiana P , del Mar Rigual Maria , Perna Cristian , Caleiras Eduardo J , Djouder Nabil 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Cold
exposure has been historically used for medicinal purposes, but its benefits and associated mechanisms in mammalian organisms still remain unclear.
Here
, we explore the chemoprotective properties of cold temperature using a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that recapitulates several human features. Chronic
cold
exposure is shown to prolong lifespan in
diseased
mice, enhance liver health, and suppress the development
of aggressive HCC
, preventing hepatocellular hypertrophy, high-grade oval cell hyperplasia, liver steatosis, and aberrant hepatocyte hyperproliferation. Mechanistically,
exposure to cold temperatures reinstates NAD

+

levels in the HCC mouse model
s
that originally exhibited
low NAD

+

levels
,
a contributing
process
to the development of liver tumors. These findings uncover
the role
of cold therapy to
attenuate
HCC development
and
potentially other existing malignancies involving NAD

+

modulation.
Evaluating the Effects of Three High Intensity Interval Training Protocols on Maximum Oxygen Consumption and Leg Strength in Recreational Football Athletes
Authors: Sonchan Wirat , Sonchan Saralee , Longrak Ratanyoo 
Published: January 2025

Objectives. This study aimed to examine the effects of three high intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols on VO₂max and leg strength in recreational football athletes.
Materials and methods. Thirty-one participants were recruited and randomly assigned to one of three HIIT protocols: HIIT20/20, HIIT40/10, or HIIT60/5. The training programs spanned 6 weeks with a frequency of 3 sessions per week on non-consecutive days. Baseline testing for VO₂max and leg strength was conducted using an incremental exercise test with blood gas analysis and an isokinetic machine, respectively, at 1 week before the intervention, and post-intervention testing occurred 1 week after the last training session. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was employed to compare changes between groups and across time points.
Results. The results demonstrated that there was a significant increase in VO₂max in both the HIIT40/10 (∆10.4 %, CI95% = 1.67–7.42 ml/kg/min, ES = Moderate) and HIIT60/5 (∆12 %, CI95% = 2.28–8.84, ES = Moderate) groups, while no considerable changes were observed in leg strength across any group (p > 0.05). Additionally, a Weak but substantial correlation between leg strength and VO₂max was found at both pre-intervention (r = 0.39) and post-intervention (r = 0.38) periods.
Conclusions. In conclusion, if the training goal was to improve VO₂max through HIIT, both the HIIT40/10 and HIIT60/5 protocols were more effective than HIIT20/20.
Optimizing The Use of Carbon Black in Dock Bearings By Considering The Physical Properties of The Product
Authors: Seno Wulung R Bagus , Prasetyo Bangun Dwi 
Published: January 2025

Carbon black merupakan bahan pengisi atau filler yang kerap digunakan dalam pembuatan kompon karet pada bantalan dermaga. Perusahaan selalu menggunakan carbon black N330 sebanyak 55 Phr pada produknya. Penelitian ini ingin melakukan pengujian apakah dosis yang biasa ditambahkan merupakan dosis terbaik berdasar hasil pengujian fisis karet. Selanjutnya, penelitian ini memodelkan pengaruh penambahan carbon black terhadap performansi uji fisis sekaligus mencari titik optimumnya. Pengujian yang dilakukan yaitu uji kekuatan tarik atau tensile strength, uji ketahanan sobek dan uji kekerasan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan semakin bertambahnya bahan pengisi carbon black maka nilai uji kekuatan tarik, ketahanan sobek dan kekerasan akan meningkat. Akan tetapi setelah titik tertentu, penambahan carbon black membuat kekuatan tarik dan ketahanan sobek menurun. Penelitian ini menghasilkan model matematis dan nilai optimal uji kekuatan tarik dan ketahanan sobek berdasarkan model. Sedangkan uji perpanjangan putus menunjukkan bahwa semakin bertambahnya bahan pengisi carbon black akan menurunkan nilai dari perpanjangan putus. Dengan menggunakan penelitian ini, perusahaan dapat menentukan jumlah carbon black yang optimum.
Penurunan Total Dissolved Solid Untuk Air Minum Dalam Kemasan (Air Demineral) Menggunakan Metode Ion Exchange
Authors: Muhtarom Ahmad amiruddin , Nofa Alif ya , Kustomo Kustomo 
Published: January 2025

Air merupakan zat yang terpenting dalam kehidupan manusia setelah udara. Hampir tiga per empat bagian dari tubuh kita adalah air dan tidak ada seorang pun dapat bertahan hidup lebih dari 4-5 hari tanpa minum air. Sumber air baku untuk air minum yang paling banyak dimanfaatkan adalah air sumur, sungai dan Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum . Setidaknya ada 3 faktor yang menyebabkan air asam tambang terbentuk yakni maerial yang mengandung mineral-mineral sulfida, air, dan udara sehingga lingkungan penyedia air seperti sungai, telaga, dll disekitarnya ikut tercemar Masalahnya sungai yang dahulu merupakan sumber utama penyediaan air bagi penduduk kualitasnya mulai menurun. Dalam hal ini Praktis dan higenis dari AMDK menjadi keperluan yang penting bagi masyarakat dengan gaya hidup serta mobilitas yang tinggi dalam mencukupi kebutuhan konsumsi air minum sehari-hari. Disediakan mesin treatment berupa 3x2 tabung yang dihubungkan secara pararel dengan pipa air, 3 tabung tersebut berisi resin kation, resin anion, dan karbon aktif. Tirta Mekar Jaya yang mempunyai hak milik dengan merk dagang AXOGY Mengacu pada proses penurunan TDS telah diatur oleh permenperind No.
Analisis Lemak dan Asam Lemak Jenuh pada Jagung Rebus di Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian Bogor
Authors: Utami Maisari , Azizah Zelia Kusumo  , Danuwarsa  
Published: January 2025

Penelitian tentang pengujian kadar lemak dan asam lemak jenuh dari jagung rebus telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar lemak dan asam lemak jenuh secara kuantitatif dari sampel jagung rebus hasil panen pertanian. Analisis kadar lemak dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode ekstraksi soxhletasi, sedangkan analisis kadar asam lemak jenuh dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kromatografi gas dengan menggunakan Flame Ionization Detector (FID) sebagai detektor. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan rata-rata dari kadar lemak menggunakan metode ekstraksi soxhletasi dari dua sampel jagung yang berbeda dengan pengulangan sebanyak dua kali adalah 0,57%, hasil ini diantaranya 0,58% dari sampel jagung rebus I (simplo), 0,51% dari sampel jagung rebus I (duplo), 0,60% dari sampel jagung rebus II (simplo) dan 0,59% dari sampel jagung rebus II (duplo). Sedangkan, diperoleh jumlah total asam lemak jenuh menggunakan metode kromatografi gas adalah 20,43% dengan masing-masing yang terkandung 0,05% dari asam miristat, 0,12% dari asam laurat dan 20,26% dari asam palmitat.
Ekstraksi Antosianin Kulit Buah Naga dan Purifikasi dengan Metode Adsorpsi Menggunakan Amberlite IRC 120
Authors: Venitalitya Augustia  , Syamsurizal  , Bagus Ridwan Wibisono  , Fiqran Mau Ratu Wara  , Wida Banar Kusumaningrum  
Published: January 2025

Kulit buah naga merupakan limbah hasil pertanian yang mengandung zat warna alami antosianin cukup tinggi. Pengambilan zat warna antosianin dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi. Ekstraksi zat warna antosianin pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi padat-cair. Potongan kulit buah naga yang telah dikeringkan dengan oven diekstraksi dengan campuran pelarut etanol, asam asetat, dan aquades. Tahap pemurnian dilakukan dengan metode adsorpsi, desorpsi, dan analisis kesetimbangan adsorpsi isotermalal dengan cara mencampurkan ekstrak kulit buah naga dengan adsorben teraktivasi amberlite dengan perbandingan (1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20). Analisis kadar antosianin dilakukan dengan analisa antosianin monomerik dengan menggunakan alat spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Hasil percobaan diperoleh bahwa ekstrak murni kulit buah naga menghasilkan kadar antosianin terbesar yaitu 24,1299 mg/L. Perbandingan dengan nilai kapasitas adsorpsi tertinggi pada perbandingan 1:20 sebesar 0,1169 mg/g. Hasil adsorpsi diketahui berkorelasi paling baik menggunakan isotermal Freundlich dengan nilai determinasi sebesar 0,992 menggunakan suhu 30 Celcius.
Electromagnetic Nanocoils Based on InGaN Nanorings
Authors: Yan Ziwen , Chen Peng , Zhang Xianfei , Xie Zili , Xiu Xiangqian , Chen Dunjun , Zhao Hong , Shi Yi , Zhang Rong , Zheng Youdou 
Published: January 2025

Energy issues, including energy generation, conversion, transmission and detection, are fundamental factors in all systems. In micro- and nanosystems, dealing with these energy issues requires novel nanostructures and precise technology. However, both concept and setup are not well established yet in the microsystems, especially for those in nanometer scale. Here we demonstrate electromagnetic nanocoils with 100 nanometers in diameter based on uniform and periodic InGaN nanoring arrays grown on patterned GaN surfaces by Nanoscale Selective Area Epitaxy (NSAE). We observed stronger photoluminescence from the periodic InGaN nanoring arrays compared to nonuniform InGaN nanorings, which indicates a good crystal quality of the InGaN nanostructure by the NSAE. Based on this kind of nanostructure, electromagnetic induction from the nanorings is detected from the movement of refractive high-energy electron diffraction patterns in a modulated external magnetic field. Our results clearly show the generation of inductive current and internal magnetic field in the nanorings. We anticipate this kind of nanostructure to be a potential key element for energy conversion, transfer and detection in nanosystems. For example, it could be used to fabricate microtransformers and micro- &amp;amp; nanosensors for electromagnetic signals.
HIV Trends in Metropolitan US Cities From 2014 to 2021: Baseline Data for the Ending the HIV Epidemic Initiative
Authors: Gupta Ribhav , Vermund Sten H. 
Published: January 2025

Objective. To examine baseline trends for the 2019 Ending the HIV Epidemic in the United States (EHE), which aims to reduce HIV incidence by 90% by 2030 in the 57 counties and states responsible for half of incident infections, and to provide a counterfactual comparator for future evaluation of the initiative’s midpoint. Methods. We used 2014‒2021 metropolitan statistical area (MSA) data to compare HIV diagnostic rate trends between MSAs subsuming EHE regions (n = 46) and other MSAs (n = 76). A difference-in-difference analysis illustrated potential early-stage programmatic effects. Results. From 2014 to 2021 across 122 MSAs, 305 413 HIV cases were diagnosed with a mean annual MSA-level diagnostic rate change of ‒6.7% (range = ‒66.1‒466.7%). MSA-level diagnostic rate changed by ‒21.3% (range = ‒50.8%‒14.8%) amongst MSAs including EHE regions and by 2.1% (range = ‒66.1%‒466.7%) in other MSAs. In a difference-in-difference analysis, the HIV diagnostic rate change from 2020 to 2021 was 3.1 cases per 100 000 people-years ( P = .03) greater in EHE regions compared to the baseline HIV diagnostic rate change of ‒0.8 cases per 100 000 people-years ( P < .01) across all MSAs. Conclusions. Although MSAs including EHE regions experienced greater reductions in HIV diagnoses from 2014 to 2021, high interregional variability requires exploration. These trends provide a baseline for subsequent EHE programmatic evaluations. ( Am J Public Health. 2025;115(2):217–220. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307890 )
Astrocytes provide the temporal dynamic required for memory formation
Authors: Perrier Jean-Francois , Larsen Silas , Hansen Nikolaj , Khodosevich Konstantin , Vasistha Navneet 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Theta oscillations (4-12 Hz) in the hippocampus, driven by synchronous neuronal bursts, are essential for grouping and selecting neuronal ensembles during spatial navigation, memory, and learning 1,2. Yet, the specific mechanisms enabling this frequency band to effectively modulate neuronal ensembles remain unclear. Here, we show that burst activity at the CA3-CA1 synapse in the mouse hippocampus initiates rapid activation of astrocytic leaflets. This activation is mediated by retrograde messengers, which in turn activate transient receptor potential channels in astrocytes, potentiating glutamate release from Schaffer collaterals via the activation of presynaptic glutamate receptors. We show that this mechanism is synapse-specific and necessary for the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP). Remarkably, this positive feedback loop peaks 50 to 200 ms after a burst, precisely aligning with the theta frequency range and optimizing reinforcement of neuronal activity. These findings indicate that astrocytes provide critical timing to potentiate synaptic transmission during the initial phases of learning and memory formation.
Mapping Symptom-General and Symptom-Specific Targets for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Schizophrenia: An Electrical Modeling Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bègue Indrit , Sinanaj Lorina , Pallis Konstantinos , Dehkordi Anahita Fazel , Huguelet Philippe , Kaiser Stefan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Negative, positive, and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia relate to disruptions in partially distinct brain circuits. Although promising, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) strategies across and within symptom domains remain to be established due to TMS protocol heterogeneity. For this, we combined standard meta-analysis with electric field (E-field) modeling to identify stimulation sites where E-field strength associated most significantly with clinical improvement. Standard meta-analysis of randomized, sham-controlled studies in 3,806 patients demonstrated benefit of TMS across symptom domains, regardless of target or protocol. Particularly, TMS significantly improved negative and cognitive symptoms with high-frequency stimulation applied to left prefrontal cortex, whereas positive symptoms improved with low-frequency TMS applied to left temporoparietal cortex. In-depth examination of these results with E-field modeling identified stimulation to left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (L-DMPFC), left orbitofrontal cortex (L-OFC), and left cerebellar crus II and right lobule IX to be significantly associated with improvement across all symptom domains. Especially, greater overlap of studies’ stimulation sites with L-DMPFC and L-OFC related to improved outcomes. For negative symptoms, E-field distribution in L-DMPFC and L-OFC related most significantly to clinical improvement. Specifically, greater proximity to L-DMPFC stimulation site indicated better outcomes, with at trend significance for L-OFC. In the cognitive domain, E-field distribution in frontopolar cortices and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex related to clinical improvement. Finally, strongest E-field association with clinical improvement was found in the right cerebellar lobules VIIIA, VIIIB, and IX for positive symptoms. These results support symptom-general and symptom-specific TMS approaches for distinct therapeutic goals towards personalized neuromodulation in schizophrenia.
Asynchronous transfer of magmas and mineralizing fluids in a plutonic-subvolcanic-volcanic plumbing system
Authors: Paoli Gabriele , Dini Andrea , Vezzoni Simone , Ovtcharova Maria , Rocchi Sergio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The geochronological-geochemical interplay between magma transfer and mineralizing fluid is studied at Campiglia igneous complex, Tuscany. Here, crustal and mantle-derived magmas were emplaced at plutonic, subvolcanic, and volcanic level (5.4 to 4.4 Ma), and were quickly exhumed, thus allowing U-Pb CA-ID-TIMS zircon dating with error of ka to tens of ka. The igneous activity is intertwined with the genesis of Cu-Pb-Zn(-Ag) ore deposits. A two-cycle scenario is reconstructed. In the first cycle, a bimodal deep reservoir remained in melt-present condition for ~ 500 ka. In this time interval, a peraluminous pluton is emplaced, followed by generation of skarn with related Zn-Pb(-Ag) sulfide ore. Fe-Cu ore is then generated in association with mantle-derived mafic dykes, and a peraluminous rhyolite eruption terminates the cycle. These crust- or mantle-derived igneous units show limited evidence for interaction. Early-crystallized, antecrystic zircons were recycled within portions of melts sequentially extracted from the reservoir. In the second cycle, during the following 500 ka, an independent reservoir freshly fed by interacting crustal and mantle melts gave eventually way to eruption of a hybrid rhyolite. Timescales of the Campiglia complex reveal significant asynchrony between magma feeding of the plutonic-subvolcanic-volcanic plumbing system and the mineralizing activity of igneous fluids.