bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real world evidence on the characteristics of regular and intermittent users of a very‐low calorie diet program and associations with measures of program success, health, and quality of life
Authors: Jones Patrice , Blumfield Michelle , Beckett Emma , Marshall Skye , Abbott Kylie , Duve Emily , Fayet‐Moore Flavia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundVery low‐calorie diet (VLCD) programs are readily available in Australia. However, there is a lack of real‐world evidence describing the characteristics related to positive outcomes.AimsTo examine the demographic, eating, self‐efficacy and program engagement characteristics of VLCD users in Australia, and the associations between user characteristics and program success, weight loss, quality of life (QOL) and health.MethodCross‐sectional data from Australian adults: regular users (n = 189: VLCD user ≥4 days/week for >4 weeks) and intermittent users (n = 111, VLCD user <4 weeks and/or <4 days/week). Self‐reported data on demographics, VLCD program use, support, eating behavior, weight‐related QOL, mental health, physical health, self‐efficacy, and physical activity. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed in R.ResultsCompared to regular users, intermittent users reported lower percentage weight loss (15.1% ± SD 9.8 vs. 9.9% ± SD 6.8, relative to starting weight), fewer reported their VLCD program as very successful (44% vs. 35%), higher depressive symptom scores (8.7 ± SD 2.8 vs. 6.7 ± SD 5.1), and lower general self‐efficacy (23.9 ± SD 4.7 vs. 29.4 ± SD 5.7), nutrition self‐efficacy (11.9 ± SD 2.0 vs. 14.5 ± SD 3.1) and weight‐related QOL scores (60.9 ± SD 22.2 vs. 65.0 ± SD 11.8; p < 0.001 for all). In regular users, older age and longer program duration were associated with greater total weight loss, support, and program success (p < 0.001 for all). In intermittent users, program success was greater when dietitian support was used (odds ratio [OR] 6.50) and for those with higher BMIs (OR 1.08, p < 0.001 for all). In both groups, more frequent support was associated with better weight‐related QOL (p < 0.001).ConclusionThis study provides real‐world evidence that regular VLCD users had greater success and weight loss than intermittent program users. These findings may be used to tailor and improve the delivery of VLCD programs in Australia and other countries with retail access to VLCDs.
Multi‐level Bézier extraction of truncated hierarchical B‐splines for isogeometric analysis
Authors: Grendas Andreas , Marussig Benjamin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMultivariate basis splines (B‐splines) and Non‐uniform rational B‐splines (NURBS) lack adaptivity due to their tensor product structure. Truncated hierarchical B‐splines (THB‐splines) provide a solution for this. THB‐splines organize the parameter space into a hierarchical structure, which enables efficient approximation and representation of functions with different levels of detail. The truncation mechanism ensures the partition of unity property of B‐splines and defines a more scattered set of basis functions without overlapping on the multi‐level spline space. Transferring these multi‐level splines into Bézier elements representation facilitates straightforward incorporation into existing finite element (FE) codes. By separating the multi‐level extraction of the THB‐splines from the standard Bézier extraction, a more general independent framework applicable to any sequence of nested spaces is created. The operators for the multi‐level structure of THB‐splines and the operators of Bézier extraction are constructed in a local approach. Adjusting the operators for the multi‐level structure from an element point of view and multiplying with the Bézier extraction operators of those elements, a direct map between Bézier elements and a hierarchical structure is obtained. The presented implementation involves the use of an open‐source Octave/MATLAB isogeometric analysis (IGA) code called GeoPDEs. A basic Poisson problem is presented to investigate the performance of multi‐level Bézier extraction compared to a standard THB‐spline approach.
Extended integral boundary layer method for reactive species mass transfer in rotating films
Authors: Kebinger Simon , Steiner Helfried , Brenn Günter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe present work extends the Integral Boundary Layer (IBL) Method to centrifugal force driven thin film flow with mass transfer. The proposed hybrid approach combines the IBL based solution of the flow field with a Finite Difference based solution of the mass transport equation, avoiding any concentration profile assumptions and restrictions on surface chemistry. In comparison against results from highly resolved Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, the proposed concept is proven as a computationally efficient and accurate method well applicable to infinitely fast surface reactions as well as finite rate kinetics.
Riverkin: Seizing the moment to remake vital relations in theUnited Kingdomand beyond
Authors: Cohen Joshua B. , Dannreuther Charles , Fraundorfer Markus , Mackie Colin , Martin‐Ortega Julia , Mdee Anna , Sutil Nicolas Salazar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe show how the dire state of the Earth's rivers entangles intimately with ‘thingifying’ processes at the heart of colonial modernity. Known in many precolonial and Indigenous contexts as person‐likekin, we describe how rivers the world over have been re‐done primarily asthing—amoral, controllable, a potential commodity like anything else.We develop and work with a provisory concept of kin asthose constituents of environments that reciprocally nurture, and contribute to the substance of, one another's life and wellbeing.We show how kinship with rivers figures centrally in primarily Indigenous‐led struggles in various regions of the globe for the recognition and enforcement of river personhood and rights. This is partly because people are motivated to fight passionately for their kin.With some careful caveats, we argue that associating river kinship exclusively with Indigenous worlds undermines its potential for global impact. Thus, as an apposite case study, the latter part of the paper focuses on some of the social–ecological trends which we suggest are opening up the possibility for the re‐establishment of ‘riverkinship’ in the United Kingdom.We reflect on the potential for riverkinship to help cultivate political constellations fitting to the challenges of the Anthropocene.Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Unravelling how collaboration impacts success of invasive species management
Authors: Abeysinghe Nisansala , O'Bryan Christopher J. , Guerrero Angela M. , Rhodes Jonathan R. , McDonald‐Madden Eve 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Invasive species cause severe threats to biodiversity and the economy, but often across multi‐actor landscapes. Therefore, collaboration among multiple actors across landscapes is often essential for managing invasive species. Deciding whether to collaborate depends on available resources and potential benefits. As such, it is vital to identify how different factors can influence the outcomes of collaborations.

We developed and tested a conceptual model that integrates potential process factors and performance measures for outcomes of collaborative invasive species management. We surveyed professionals engaged in invasive species management in Queensland, Australia. We first assessed their perception of the presence of process factors and perception of the performance measures of collaborative invasive species management projects using descriptive methods. Then we tested the associations between process factors and performance measures using structural equation modelling.

While confirming that a good collaboration of stakeholders (e.g. communication and trust) is essential to enhance performances, our results suggest that the way collaborative projects are structured (e.g. ability to participate in decision‐making, having shared goals) also significantly influences the performance of the projects, especially in achieving goals. Furthermore, results suggest that achieving long‐term collaborations and outcomes is directly influenced by the extent to which stakeholders support or oppose the collaboration. As such, our study contributes to a significant research gap by establishing a connection between the collaboration process and its outcomes.

We conclude that decision‐makers should give equal importance to both designing favourable collaborative project structures and fostering collaborations with stakeholders through different means to enhance the benefits of collaboration in invasive species management.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Characterization of emamectin benzoate resistance in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
Authors: Oplopoiou Maria , Elias Jan , Slater Russell , Bass Chris , Zimmer Christoph T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlutella xylostella (L.) is a destructive pest of cruciferous crops worldwide that has evolved resistance to many insecticides. Here we examined the mode of inheritance, cross‐resistance profile, and potential mechanisms of emamectin benzoate resistance in a field‐derived strain of P. xylostella from Japan.RESULTSA field‐collected population of P. xylostella, was found to exhibit strong (> 150‐fold) resistance to emamectin benzoate in insecticide bioassays when compared with a laboratory susceptible strain. Genetic analysis showed that resistance is inherited as an autosomal, recessive trait, and is conferred by a single or a few closely linked loci. The emamectin benzoate resistant strain also exhibited resistance to abamectin, lepimectin, chlorantraniliprole, lufenuron, spinetoram, indoxacarb, fipronil, dieldrin, endosulfan and lambda‐cyhalothrin, demonstrating a remarkable multi‐resistance profile. Insecticide bioassays employing inhibitors of detoxification enzymes revealed that piperonyl butoxide (PBO) increased the toxicity of emamectin benzoate in the resistant strain by ten‐fold indicating the potential involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in avermectin resistance. Furthermore, cloning and sequencing of the primary receptor of avermectins, the GluCl channel, revealed the absence of target‐site mutations in the resistant strain.CONCLUSIONSOur data on the mode of inheritance and mechanisms of resistance to emamectin benzoate in a P. xylostella strain from Japan provide a foundation for the development of regional resistance management strategies. However, the high levels of phenotypic resistance in this strain to a diverse range of other insecticide classes available for control illustrate the challenges associated with the sustainable control of this important pest. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Arthropod predator identity and evenness jointly shape the delivery of pest control services
Authors: Mei Zulin , Scheper Jeroen , Kleijn David 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDMaximizing the effectiveness of natural pest control requires a detailed understanding of how service delivery is affected by natural enemy community diversity and composition. Many studies have investigated the effects of natural enemy abundance and species richness on pest control. Studies examining the effects of evenness and species identity are fewer and have produced inconsistent results. Here we test the effects of arthropod predator community evenness and species identity on natural pest control by exposing aphid (Sitobion avenae) colonies in experimental cages to arthropod predator communities that had the same abundance and species richness but differed in evenness and dominant species.RESULTSWe found that the identity of the most dominant species in the arthropod predator community predominantly drove the pest control efficiency. However, additional to the effects of species identity, we also found a causal positive relationship between the evenness of arthropod predator communities and the suppression of pest growth.CONCLUSIONOur results provide support for the hypothesis that ecosystem service provision is generally a function of the abundance and efficiency of the most dominant species of the service‐providing groups. This could partly explain why management practices aiming at promoting abundance of natural enemies often have mixed effects on pest control. Our results also demonstrate that diversity components such as evenness have important additional effects. However, in real‐world ecosystems these effects may be obscured because evenness is generally confounded with abundance or species richness in natural enemy predator communities. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Influence of plasticity and porewater salinity on shrinkage and water retention characteristics of biochar‐engineered clays
Authors: Cai Weiling , Bordoloi Sanandam , Zhu Cheng , Gupt Chandra Bhanu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractClay‐engineered barriers might be subjected to soil salinization issues under climate change. A recently emerged desalinization method is achieved by modifying clays using biochar. However, unsaturated soil responses of biochar‐engineered clays in saline environments under drought conditions remain unknown. This study aims to investigate soil shrinkage and water retention characteristics of biochar‐amended kaolin and bentonite under saline conditions. Soil shrinkage and water retention tests were conducted on clays (with and without biochar addition) with various porewater salinity (i.e., 0%–10%). Physiochemical properties (including zeta potential and porewater pH) were measured to interpret particle–fluid interactions. Shrinkage characteristics of kaolin and bentonite exhibited sensitivity and insensitivity to the porewater salinity, respectively. This phenomenon was explained by hydrogen‐sodium ion exchange and deprotonation phenomenon occurring on kaolin and bentonite, respectively. Biochar significantly alleviated the salinity‐induced shrinkage of clays by increasing the shrinkage limit of kaolin and bentonite by 6%–14% and 50%–107%, respectively (p < 0.05). This was attributed to the porous structure and hydrophilic functionality of biochar that immobilized sodium ions through ion exchange and protonation reactions. The air entry value of clays significantly increased with porewater salinity and biochar addition due to the reduction of void ratio and enhanced capillarity, respectively. An empirical equation was proposed to predict the shrinkage limit of clay in various saline conditions. It highlighted that the application of biochar‐engineered clays could contribute to the desalination and the improvement of resistance to shrinkage damage in hydro‐chemical barriers.
Multinational prediction of soil organic carbon and texture via proximal sensors
Authors: Mancini Marcelo , Andrade Renata , Silva Sérgio Henrique Godinho , Rafael Rogério Borguete Alves , Mukhopadhyay Swagata , Li Bin , Chakraborty Somsubhra , Guilherme Luiz Roberto Guimarães , Acree Autumn , Weindorf David C. , Curi Nilton 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNovel technologies help to monitor the environmental impact of human activities, but tests involving datasets from several countries, encompassing a large variability of soil properties, are still scarce. This study utilized proximal sensors to predict soil organic carbon (OC) and soil texture of samples from Brazil, France, India, Mozambique, and United States. A total of 1749 samples were analyzed by portable X‐ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometry and visible near‐infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Sand (R2 = 0.89), silt (0.87), and clay (0.84) predictions were very accurate, despite contrasting climates, soil parent materials, and weathering degrees. Soil OC predictions were similarly successful (0.74) using samples from five countries. pXRF was the optimal sensor for soil texture predictions. The addition of international data may improve local models. Proximal soil sensing can be successfully used with a multinational soil database offering a clean, rapid, and accurate alternative to estimate soil texture and OC with international datasets.
Feedback dynamics of the low‐income rental housing market: exploring policy responses to COVID‐19
Authors: Marçal Katherine E. , Fowler Patrick J. , Hovmand Peter S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe economic impact of COVID‐19 threatened mass housing insecurity undermining the health and financial recovery from the pandemic. Unprecedented federal policy responses halted court‐ordered evictions and injected billions of dollars in rental assistance, but questions remain whether housing interventions adequately accounted for dynamics that drive landlord‐tenant interactions, including accumulations of rental and mortgage arrears, rental unit availability, and low‐income housing options. A system dynamics model probes complex feedback dynamics driving tenant and landlord decision‐making in the low‐income rental housing market pre‐ and postpandemic protections. Feedback loops highlight trade‐offs considered by low‐income tenants and landlords in the context of scarcity and uncertainty. Simulations suggest the eviction moratorium and federal emergency rental assistance prevented a tidal wave of evictions, but rental arrears, overcrowding, and homelessness remain elevated. Failure to address underlying financial hardship and limited affordable housing undermines COVID recovery. © 2023 The Authors. System Dynamics Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of System Dynamics Society.
Hydrophobic Mn‐Doped Solid‐State Red‐Emitting Carbon Nanodots with AIE Effect and Their Hydrogel Composites for Color‐Changing Anticounterfeiting
Authors: Gong Xiao , Xu Qingqing , Li Jiurong , Ma Yan , Li Xiaoyan , Wu Wanze , Wang Hangxiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe aggregation‐caused quenching has always limited the high concentration and solid‐state applications of carbon nanodots. While the aggregation‐induced emission effect, dominated by intramolecular motion, may be an effective means to solve this problem. Here, hydrophobic solid‐state red‐light carbon nanodots (M‐CDs) with 95% yield are synthesized by a one‐step hydrothermal method using 2,2'‐dithiodibenzoic acid as the carbon source and manganese acetate as the dopant source. The disulfide bond of 2,2'‐dithiodibenzoic acid serves as the symmetry center of molecular rotation and Mn catalyzes the synthesis of M‐CDs, which promotes the formation of the central graphitic carbon structure. The M‐CDs/agar hydrogel composites can achieve fluorescence transition behavior because of the special fluorescence transition properties of M‐CDs. When this composite hydrogel is placed in water, water molecules contact with M‐CDs through the network structure of the hydrogels, making the aggregated hydrogels of M‐CDs fluorescence orange‐red under 365 nm excitation. While in dimethyl sulfoxide, water molecules in the hydrogels network are replaced and the M‐CDs fluoresce blue when dispersed, providing a potential application in information encryption. In addition, high‐performance monochromatic light‐emitting diode (LED) devices are prepared by compounding M‐CDs with epoxy resin and coating them on 365 nm LED chips.
Self‐healing and shape‐shifting polymers controlled by dynamic bonds
Authors: Zhou Shang‐Wu , Yu Chengyuan , Chen Meng , Shi Chen‐Yu , Gu Ruirui , Qu Da‐Hui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDynamic chemistry refers to a type of fundamental science that involves precise construction or regulation of reactional, motional, or constitutional dynamics of chemical systems. Under the meticulous design of chemists, the nanoscopic dynamics, either molecular or supramolecular, are managed to scale up to macroscopic dynamic properties. For example, the stimuli‐induced conformational or configurational changes of polymer skeletons result in unexpected functions of polymers, such as self‐healing and shape‐shifting behaviors. This review focuses on how the microscopic dynamics of these molecular components initiate the reversible macroscopic deformation of the corresponding polymer materials upon external stimuli. The self‐healing and shape‐shifting materials are discussed in terms of the subtle molecular design, dynamic reversible mechanisms, and critical roles of the dynamic components in building these materials. Furthermore, this review puts forward the challenges and opportunities for the field of dynamic polymers in both aspects of fundamental chemistry and material fabrication. We hope this review can provide new inspiration for the development of this particular research field.
3D‐printed concrete footbridges: An approach to assess the sustainability performance
Authors: Asensio Javier , Josa Irene , Monserrat Andrea , de la Fuente Albert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDigital fabrication with concrete (DFC) is fast becoming an attractive alternative for components (i.e., façades, urban furniture) and structural typologies (i.e., short‐span footbridges, columns, floor systems) for which complex geometries derived from particular aesthetical criteria and/or construction time constrictions are governing parameters. Additionally, some authors claim that this process allows improving the sustainability of structures, as less material is necessary compared to traditional concrete solutions, thus reducing greenhouse gas emissions linked to material consumption. Nonetheless, the environmental implications of DFC are still under scrutiny and remain objectively unquantified. In this study, a sustainability assessment model to allow decision‐makers to evaluate and compare concrete footbridge alternatives—from the sustainability perspective—including those constructed by means of 3D printed concrete (3DPC) techniques, is presented. The proposed approach is based on the MIVES method. For this purpose, the most representative criteria and indicators of sustainability identified are measured and weighted‐aggregated in a decision‐making tree. The sustainability index (SI) of each alternative is the outcome derived from the application of the model, and the SI was used as reference for evaluating the alternatives. The sustainability of 3D‐printed footbridges is quantified and compared to other concrete‐based solutions: traditional reinforced cast‐in‐place and precast concrete, as traditional solutions, and ultra‐high performance precast concrete and textile‐reinforced concrete, as innovative alternatives. The results of the analysis lead to conclude that 3D‐printed footbridges have positive impacts on environmental and social indicators, but economic indicators still need to be improved to attain a competitive solution. The approach proposed herein to assess the sustainability of footbridges can be extended to other cases and stakeholders' preferences by adapting the components of the method to sensitivities and particular boundary conditions of other scenarios.
Automated analysis and design for recycled aggregate reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Saleh Eman , Murad Yasmin , Tarawneh Ahmad , Alghossoon Abdullah , Almasabha Ghassan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe goal of this study is to propose a robust method for the analysis and design of recycled aggregate reinforced concrete (RAC) beams. For this purpose, a machine‐learning framework, named, GA‐XGBoost was designed. A comprehensive dataset of 276 tests of RAC beams was compiled from available literature for training, validating, and testing the models. The results confirmed that the proposed models can offer a precise tool for failure mode classification and capacity prediction of RAC beams. For the design framework, a Generative Adversarial Network for tabular data was utilized to produce synthetic data. These synthetic data can provide options for the selection of design variables. In this framework, the design variables are selected by specifying the design constraints, the objective function to be optimized, and validating the capacity requirements using the developed GA‐XGBoost models. Lastly, a web application was developed to make the proposed GA‐XGBoost models appropriate for practical design.