bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review on gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chong Serena , Lin Mike , Chong Deborah , Jensen Slade , Lau Namson S. 
Published: January 2025

Aims/hypothesisThe gut microbiota play crucial roles in the digestion and degradation of nutrients, synthesis of biological agents, development of the immune system, and maintenance of gastrointestinal integrity. Gut dysbiosis is thought to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), one of the world’s fastest growing diseases. The aim of this systematic review is to identify differences in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota in individuals with T2DM.MethodsA systematic search was conducted to identify studies reporting on the difference in gut microbiota composition between individuals with T2DM and healthy controls. Relevant studies were evaluated, and their characteristics and results were extracted using a standardized data extraction form. The studies were assessed for risk of bias and their findings were reported narratively.Results58 observational studies published between 2010 and 2024 were included. Beta diversity was commonly reported to be different between individuals with T2DM and healthy individuals. Genera Lactobacillus, Escherichia-Shigella, Enterococcus, Subdoligranulum and Fusobacteria were found to be positively associated; while Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Roseburia, Faecalibacteirum and Prevotella were found to be negatively associated with T2DM.ConclusionsThis systematic review demonstrates a strong association between T2DM and gut dysbiosis, as evidenced by differential microbial abundances and altered diversity indices. Among these taxa, Escherichia-Shigella is consistently associated with T2DM, whereas Faecalibacterium prausnitzii appears to offer a protective effect against T2DM. However, the heterogeneity and observational nature of these studies preclude the establishment of causative relationships. Future research should incorporate age, diet and medication-matched controls, and include functional analysis of these gut microbes.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023459937.
Therapeutic plasma exchange accelerates immune cell recovery in severe COVID-19
Authors: Guironnet-Paquet Aurelie , Hamzeh-Cognasse Hind , Berard Frederic , Cognasse Fabrice , Richard Jean Christophe , Yonis Hodane , Mezidi Mehdi , Desebbe Olivier , Delannoy Bertrand , Demeret Sophie , Marois Clemence , Saheb Samir , Le Quoc Viet , Schoeffler Mathieu , Pugliesi Paul Simon , Debord Sophie , Bastard Paul , Cobat Aurélie , Casanova Jean Laurent , Pescarmona Rémi , Viel Sébastien , Nicolas Jean François , Nosbaum Audrey , Vocanson Marc , Hequet Olivier 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundImmunological disturbances (anti-type I IFN auto-antibody production, cytokine storm, lymphopenia, T-cell hyperactivation and exhaustion) are responsible for disease exacerbation during severe COVID-19 infections.MethodsIn this study, we set up a prospective, randomised clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04751643) and performed therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in severe COVID-19 patients in order to decrease excess cytokines and auto-antibodies and to assess whether adding TPE to the standard treatment (ST, including corticosteroids plus high-flow rate oxygen) could help restore immune parameters and limit the progression of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).ResultsAs expected, performing TPE decreased the amount of anti-type I IFN auto-antibodies and improved the elimination or limited the production of certain inflammatory mediators (IL-18, IL-7, CCL2, CCL3, etc.) circulating in the blood of COVID-19 patients, compared to ST controls. Interestingly, while TPE did not influence changes in ARDS parameters throughout the protocol, it proved more effective than ST in reversing lymphopenia, preventing T-cell hyperactivation and reducing T-cell exhaustion, notably in a fraction of TPE patients who had an early favourable respiratory outcome. TPE also restored appropriate numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T–cell memory populations and increased the number of circulating virus-specific T cells in these patients.ConclusionOur results therefore indicate that the addition of TPE sessions to the standard treatment accelerates immune cell recovery and contributes to the development of appropriate antiviral T-cell responses in some patients with severe COVID-19 disease.
The prognostic value of circulating tumor DNA in malignant melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Lei , Hou Shufu , Zhu Aiping , Yan Bing , Li Linchuan , Song Dandan 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundCirculating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is an emerging biomarker in malignant melanoma(MM), and high levels of ctDNA may reflect a higher tumor load. However, its prognostic value for MM receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICI) remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to elucidate the prognostic significance of ctDNA in this patient population.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and EMBASE databases, including studies published up to August 15, 2024, to investigate the prognostic impact of ctDNA in MM patients treated with ICI. Using a fixed-effects model, we systematically evaluated the association between ctDNA levels and key survival outcomes, including overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Additionally, funnel plots, Begg’s test, and Egger’s test were employed to assess potential publication bias.ResultsTwelve studies from eleven articles, involving a total of 1063 eligible MM patients receiving ICI therapy, were included. The results indicated that patients with detectable ctDNA before initiating ICI therapy had significantly poorer OS (HR = 3.19, 95% CI = 2.22–4.58, P &lt; 0.001) and PFS (HR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.61–2.69, P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, the detectability of ctDNA during treatment was also significantly associated with worse OS (HR = 4.57, 95% CI = 3.03–6.91, P &lt; 0.001) and PFS (HR = 3.79, 95% CI = 2.13–6.75, P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsThis meta-analysis indicates that in MM patients receiving ICI therapy, detectable and high levels of ctDNA are significantly associated with poorer OS and PFS. Therefore, ctDNA can serve as a diagnostic and stratification tool prior to treatment, as well as an effective indicator for monitoring treatment response and disease progression.Systematic Review Registrationwww.inplasy.com, identifier INPLASY2024110018.
Ultrasound analysis of hemidiaphragm function in case of pleural effusion
Authors: Boussuges Martin , Bregeon Fabienne , D’Journo Xavier Benoit , Boussuges Alain 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundDiaphragm dysfunction is frequently observed in patients with pleural effusion. The aim of the study was to determine the criteria for estimating the impact of pleural fluid on diaphragm function and detecting impairment of diaphragmatic muscle.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study carried out in a university hospital. Cases of free pleural effusion were recruited from the ultrasound consultation of the lung function test laboratory. The quantification of pleural effusion and analysis of diaphragmatic function were performed using chest ultrasound performed while sitting. In case of abnormal diaphragmatic motion, the examination was repeated in supine position.Results109 pleural effusions (57 left, 52 right) were included in the analysis. Pleural effusions were detected after thoracic surgery in 89% of cases and in the context of medical disease in other cases. Excursion during deep inspiration was reduced by the amount of fluid (4.3 ± 2.1 cm for small effusions, 3.2 ± 1.7 cm for moderate effusions and 1.1 ± 1.8 cm for large effusions). In 23 cases of large pleural effusion, the excursions during deep inspiration were always below the lower limit of normal. In some cases, a paradoxical motion suggesting hemidiaphragm paralysis was observed. When the inspiratory thickening was normal, the paradoxical excursions disappeared in supine position. In moderate pleural effusion (53 cases), hemidiaphragm excursion was above lower limit of normal in 68% of cases. In cases of paradoxical motions, repeated ultrasound examinations were in favor of hemidiaphragm paralysis. In small pleural effusion (32 cases) the excursion was most often normal.ConclusionThe ultrasound analysis of diaphragm excursion and thickening in sitting and supine positions is useful to assess the impact of pleural effusion and detect impairment in diaphragm muscle function.
Phylodynamic reconstruction of major chicken infectious anemia virus clades epidemiology, dispersal, and evolution
Authors: Franzo Giovanni , Legnardi Matteo , Poletto Francesca , Baston Riccardo , Faustini Giulia , Cecchinato Mattia , Tucciarone Claudia Maria 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionImmunosuppressive diseases, such as chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV), pose a major threat to livestock farming due to reduced disease resistance, poor vaccine response, and overall poor productivity. CIAV, recognized globally for decades, shows a significant genetic diversity, but its implications remain underexplored.MethodsThis study analyzed over 1,000 VP1 sequences and examined CIAV’s epidemiology, evolution, and spread with various phylodynamic and phylogeographic approaches.ResultsFindings suggest that CIAV likely originated in Japan in the early 20th century, followed by worldwide diversification in two main clades. Both clades exhibited no significant competition and similar global patterns, characterized by a progressive increase until about 2000, when a transient decline was observed for some years, potentially reflecting the increasing use of vaccines. Accordingly, although significant selective pressures were shaping viral evolution, comparable strengths were estimated in the two viral populations. The phylogeographic analysis identified several connections involving also distantly related regions, and more generally, multiple introduction events occurred in several countries and were followed by local evolution, indicative of unconstrained viral circulation.DiscussionOverall, the study highlights the ongoing circulation and evolution of different CIAV variants worldwide, where biosecurity measures and vaccination appear insufficient to prevent viral presence and dispersal.
Research hotspots and trends of acupoint and pain based on PubMed: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Wu Zhulin , Tan Wanjun , Li Siyi , Zhang Weiqing , Lai Mingbo , Luo Weijun 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveAcupoint-related interventions are the widely utilized modalities in traditional Chinese medicine for the alleviation of pain. This study aims to identify research hotspots and trends by conducting a bibliometric analysis of the relevant literature on acupoint and pain, thereby elucidating future research directions in this field.MethodA comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed for literature pertaining to acupoint and pain from January 2010 to August 2024. Subsequent bibliometric analyses, encompassing statistical evaluation of bibliographic data, keyword cluster analysis, and co-occurrence analysis, were conducted utilizing the Medpulse database and the Bibliometrix R-package.ResultsA total of 742 articles from 179 journals were included in the analysis, with the majority focusing on complementary and alternative medicine or comprehensive research. The number of publications in this field has shown a consistent annual increase, involving contributions from 19 different countries of corresponding authors. China had the greatest contribution with 407 articles followed by Korea with 25 articles. The leading institutions in terms of publication volume are Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, and Kyung Hee University. The topics covered in these articles include acupuncture, transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS), randomized controlled trials, analgesia, zusanli (st36), systematic review, and anxiety, among others. The main cluster themes are intervention methods for various acupoints and the assessment of their efficacy.ConclusionThe bibliometric analysis has identified the intervention methods of acupoints and the evaluation of their efficacy in pain management as emerging research focal points. Additionally, anxiety is anticipated to emerge as a future research direction within this domain.
Increased intake of marine fish contributed to a decreased odds of comorbid depressive symptoms and coronary heart disease in Chinese adults
Authors: Fan Yuncao , Chen Wei , Lin Wenhui , Jin Jungu , Lou Enyu , Lao Jiaying , Chen Yu-Hsin , Shao Jianzhi , Wang Qizeng , Jiang Qingxi , Wang Fan , Xu Jinzhong , Liu Yanlong , Yang Bo 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundsIncreased consumption of fish has beneficial impacts upon emotional health; however, this benefit for comorbid depressive symptoms and coronary heart disease (DCHD) is not fully clear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between consumption of marine fish and DCHD in Chinese adults.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 1,106 participants aged 25–95 years living in Taizhou, China. Fish intakes were assessed by using a validated food frequency questionnaire, with their tertiles as category levels of ≤1 time/week, 2–6 times/week, and ≥7 times/week. Coronary heart disease (CHD) was diagnosed using the coronary angiography, while the concurrent depressive symptoms was indicated using ≥8 scores from hospital anxiety and depression scales (HADS). Primary measurements were the prevalent DCHD, presented as multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsA total of 932 participants were included, 88 (9.44%) participants with depressive symptoms, 477 (51.18%) CHD, and 106 (11.37%) DCHD, respectively. Participants at the highest tertile of fish intake have a lower odds of DCHD compared with those at the lowest (OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.58), with 42% reductions in odds of DCHD for per one-tertile (3 times/week) increase (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.76). The beneficial associations were pronounced with decreased odds of depressive symptom (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.47), but not with CHD (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.59, 1.29).ConclusionsIncreased consumption of marine fish is associated with decreased severity of depressive symptoms, which might have great benefits toward comorbid depressive symptom and with coronary heart diseases.
Predictors and time to poor management outcomes among pediatric patients hospitalized with pneumonia in the Gedeo Zone, southern Ethiopia: a prospective follow-up study
Authors: Alemu Wagaye , Ademassu Mebirat , Belayneh Firehiwot , Gebeyehu Yabibal , Zenebe Getachew Assefa , Lerango Temesgen Leka 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundPneumonia and other lower respiratory tract infections are the leading causes of death worldwide. Accurate diagnosis, identification of complications and underlying conditions, and appropriate treatment are essential for preventing pneumonia-related morbidity and mortality. Children in developing countries, such as Ethiopia, are at risk of contracting pneumonia, which could lead to death if not treated correctly. Therefore, we sought to assess the predictors and time to management outcomes among pediatric patients hospitalized with pneumonia in the Gedeo Zone, southern Ethiopia.MethodsA multicenter, institution-based prospective follow-up study was conducted among 484 pediatric patients hospitalized with pneumonia in the Gedeo Zone, southern Ethiopia. The data were entered into EpiInfo version 7 and exported to STATA version 15 for analysis. Survival analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model was performed to identify predictors of poor management outcomes. Associations between predictors and poor management outcomes were estimated using a p-value &lt;0.05 and adjusted hazards ratios (AHR) with 95% CIs.ResultsAmong the 484 patients admitted with pneumonia, 381 (78.7%) recovered, 16 (3.3%) died, 6 (1.2%) were transferred out, and 81 (16.7%), defaulted. Over the study period, the incidence rate of poor management outcomes was 4 per 100 person-days of observation, while the incidence rate of recovery was 15 per 100 person-days of observation. According to the multivariable Cox regression analysis, the factors significantly associated with poor management outcomes were comorbidities at admission (AHR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.01–5.26), age (AHR = 5.96, 95% CI: 2.71–13.1), nutritional status (AHR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.08–3.17), and residence (AHR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.05–2.34).ConclusionThe incidence rate of poor management outcomes was 4 per 100 person-days of observation. Comorbidities at admission, age, nutritional status, and place of residence were statistically significant predictors of poor management outcomes.
Genetic screening strategy for children with hereditary spherocytosis in Jiangxi Province of China
Authors: Wu Chongjun , Xu Zhongjin , Wan Qian , Chen Feng , Ye Yao , Wang Hong 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveThis study aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the clinical phenotypic characteristics of children with anemia of unknown etiology, particularly focusing on the early detection of hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and exploring genetic screening strategies for this condition in childhood.MethodsThe study included children with anemia whose underlying cause could not be definitively identified through routine clinical diagnosis. Clinical data was collected and genetic diagnosis of HS was confirmed using next-generation sequencing. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the clinical characteristics of children with HS.ResultsA total of thirty children with unexplained anemia were included in the study, resulting in a gene detection diagnostic rate of 80%. This included the identification of five non-HS-related congenital anemia genes (16.66%, 5/30) and nineteen cases of hereditary spherocytosis (HS). Upon initial diagnosis, the clinical features of HS were not significantly distinct compared to other forms of anemia.ConclusionIn Jiangxi, China, our strategy of genetic screening for these children is feasible after excluding the common causes of anemia, such as nutritional anemia, G-6-PD deficiency, thalassemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and myelopoietic abnormalities in children. This is an exploration to establish a genetic screening strategy for children with HS, and more detailed genetic screening strategies need to be further studied and explored. Next-generation sequencing remains the main method for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of HS.
Safety of dupilumab in Chinese pediatric patients aged 6 months and older: a prospective real-world study
Authors: Chen Yanhua , Ni Jiang , Li Ming , Hong Yuan , Zhu Kouzhu , Hong Rong , Deng Li , Li Zhijie , Pu Jie , Yang Ting , Wang Yan 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveThis study analyzes the occurrence and characteristics of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of dupilumab in children in a real-world setting. It aims to enhance clinical practice and minimize medication safety risks in pediatric patients.MethodsThis prospective study included children receiving dupilumab in the hospital between January 2022 and December 2023. Information on ADRs was collected and univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to identify high-risk factors for the occurrence of adverse effects in dupilumab treatment.ResultsA total of 65 ADRs occurred in 1,103 treatments in 127 patients, with an incidence of 27.56% (35/127). A total of 62 patients aged 6 or below participated in this study, accounting for 48.82%. Univariate analysis showed that gender, age, duration of medication, frequency of dupilumab use were risk factors for the occurrence of adverse effects (P &lt; 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age [odds ratio [OR]: 0.071, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.012–0.433; P = 0.004] and frequency of dupilumab use (OR: 3.306, 95% CI: 1.078–10.135; P = 0.036) were risk factors for adverse effects. The outcomes of ADRs were improved in 10 cases (15.38%) and completely recovered in 55 cases (84.62%).ConclusionDupilumab has a good safety profile in Chinese children aged 6 months to 18 years for up to 2 years of treatment, with most adverse reactions being mild to moderate, and no serious ocular adverse reactions were reported. Age and frequency of dupilumab use were risk factors for adverse effects. Younger age and higher frequency of dupilumab use were associated with higher odds of ADRs.
Catastrophic health expenditure associated with non-inpatient costs among middle-aged and older individuals in China
Authors: Zhang Xiaojuan , Zhu Kun 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundSince their establishment, the two predominant social health insurance schemes in China, Urban Employee Medical Insurance (UEMIS) and Urban and Rural Residents’ Medical Insurance (URRMS), have primarily focused on covering non-inpatient expenditure, while costs associated with outpatient care and pharmaceutical purchases have been largely excluded from the insurance benefit package. This study intends to analyze the distribution of non-hospitalization expenditure and assess resulting financial risks, with an objective to reform the health insurance benefit package by including coverage for non-hospitalization costs.MethodsThe primary data were obtained from the 2018 wave of CHARLS, encompassing a total of 12942 individuals for analysis. Assess the financial risk associated with non-hospitalization expenses through catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) and examine the determinants of CHE using logistic regression analysis.ResultsOver 60% of the participants availed non-inpatient services in the month preceding the investigation. A smaller proportion (14.26 and 14.28% for UEMIS and URRMS enrollee, respectively) utilized outpatient services provided by medical institutions, while a larger proportion (54.20 and 56.91% for UEMIS and URRMS enrollee, respectively) purchased medication from pharmacies. The study reveals a distinct subgroup of participants (8.91 and 6.82% for UEMIS and URRMS enrollee, respectively) who incurs substantial out-of-pocket non-inpatient expenditure, surpassing 1,000 RMB per month. However, reimbursement for non-inpatient expenditures is significantly limited under the two predominant health insurance schemes, and there is minimal disparity in the distribution of non-inpatient expenses before and after insurance reimbursement. The prevalence of CHE resulting from non-inpatient costs was substantial, particularly among participants enrolled in URRMS (25.06%) compared to those enrolled in UEMIS (14.26%). The presence of chronic diseases, advanced age, and limited financial resources are all determinants contributing to the occurrence of CHE.ConclusionThe incorporation of non-inpatient expenses into China’s fundamental health insurance plan remains a contentious issue, given the limited available evidence. This study presents empirical evidence underscoring the significance of non-inpatient expenditures as a determinant of financial risk, thereby emphasizing the imperative to adjust China’s fundamental health insurance benefit package in order to address risks associated with non-inpatient costs, particularly among individuals with chronic illnesses and limited income.