bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term comparison of invertebrate communities in a blackwater river reveals taxon‐specific biomass change
Authors: Murray‐Stoker Kelly M. , McHugh Joseph V. , Benke Arthur C. , Parsons Keith A. , Murray‐Stoker David , Rosemond Amy D. , Wenger Seth J. , Batzer Darold P. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Around the world, researchers are reporting declines in insect fauna. Although uncommonly evaluated in high‐profile studies of insect declines, the community context of population trends can facilitate interpretation of the causes and consequences of such losses. Here, we aimed to explore the shifts in a well‐studied invertebrate community of a blackwater river and identify potential catalysts of such change.

We compared the density, biomass and community structure of freshwater invertebrate assemblages separated by more than 30 years in the Ogeechee River, in the southeastern U.S.A., and found biomass declines. We also evaluated long‐term trends in river discharge, water temperature and precipitation.

Overall, the biomass in the 2010s was approximately 60% of the total in the 1980s. Community analyses indicated that this decline was associated with reduced densities of large‐bodied, filter‐feeding insects, particularly Hydropsychidae caddisflies (Trichoptera). Conversely, predators and small‐bodied primary consumers increased in density, although their contributions to overall biomass were minimal and their increased density was not sufficient to compensate for biomass declines. Seasonal shifts in both invertebrate populations and environmental parameters were evident, especially when focusing on discharge and dissolved organic carbon.

Through a combination of direct analysis and the use of established research on the metabolic dynamics of the study site, we determined that the overall decline of freshwater invertebrate biomass may have been driven by climate‐related changes in flood dynamics: seasonal flooding that facilitates delivery of floodplain carbon to filter‐feeding consumers had decreased over several decades. Water temperature also had increased and was likely to have had effects on the invertebrate assemblages.

Whole‐community evaluations such as this one, in contrast to single‐taxon and abundance‐based studies, provide critical information to elucidate the dynamics of freshwater impairment and insect loss in the Anthropocene.
Triglyceride level and soft drink consumption predict nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in nonobese male adolescents
Authors: Kado Akira , Inoue Yukiko , Moriya Kyoji , Tsutsumi Takeya , Ikeuchi Kazuhiko , Okushin Kazuya , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi , Koike Kazuhiko , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimDifferential metabolic risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in nonobese male adolescents were analyzed examining relationships between NAFLD and clinical parameters of metabolic syndrome, including exercise and soft drink consumption, in male adolescents.MethodsIn total, 134 male university students (nonobese, n = 78; obese, n = 56) who underwent the first‐year health checkup were divided into the NAFLD and non‐NAFLD groups based on abdominal ultrasonography (AUS) findings. Relationships between NAFLD and metabolic parameters, including body mass index (BMI) and AUS score, were examined in nonobese students.ResultsMetabolic factors associated with hypertension, abdominal fat, liver damage, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose tolerance were significantly less common in nonobese students than in obese students. The aforementioned factors and soft drink consumption were significantly more common in the NAFLD group than in the non‐NAFLD group. The univariate and multivariate analyses of nonobese students showed that the triglyceride level (odds ratio [OR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.10, p = 0.001) was higher and soft drink consumption (OR, 36.8; 95% CI, 3.69–368, p < 0.001) was more common in the NAFLD group than the non‐NAFLD group.ConclusionsTriglyceride level and soft drink consumption could aid in the detection of NAFLD in nonobese male adolescents. Our findings could provide useful information related to NAFLD and metabolic syndrome in nonobese adolescents.
Enlarged rete pegs with excessive accumulation of melanosomes leading to darker aging spots revealed by histomorphological measurements of internal structures of the epidermis
Authors: Yamamura Tatsuo , Kobayashi Soko , Yoshida Ikuyo , Kuriyama Ken‐ichi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveVarious histological studies of facial pigmented spot sites such as solar lentigo have been reported, but few studies have used quantitative indices by histomorphometric analysis of the internal structure of pigmented spot sites using non‐invasive methods. In the present study, to quantitatively elucidate morphological changes in the epidermis in male, darker‐pigmented spots and female, light‐pigmented spots, indices that characterize the internal structure of the epidermis in pigmented spot sites were measured using in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).MethodsThe darkness of pigmented spots on the cheeks of 69 women and 43 men was analysed using image analysis software. The L* value was calculated from RGB values obtained from facial images. The internal structures of pigmented spots on the cheeks of 13 subjects were observed by CLSM. Various parameters were measured using CLSM images from the surface of the stratum corneum to the bottom of the dermal papillae, including the thickness of the epidermis, melanosome content, and shape of the dermal papillae.ResultsMean ΔL* values between pigmented spots and non‐pigmented areas of male subjects were significantly increased in the 40s and 50s compared with those of female subjects. Conspicuous pigmented spots increased in the 40s in male subjects and the 50s in female subjects. In CLSM observations, significant increases in the thickness of the epidermis and melanosome content were confirmed in pigmented spots compared with surrounding non‐pigmented areas. In particular, melanosome content in the male subject group with dark‐coloured pigmented spots increased significantly to about eight times that of non‐pigmented areas, and more than double that of the male subject group with light‐coloured pigmented spots.ConclusionFrom the measurements of quantitative parameters, morphological changes in the epidermis were clearly related to the surface colour tone of pigmented spots. Darker pigmented spot sites tended to show longer rete pegs in the epidermis. Accumulation of melanosomes in epidermal basal cells could be considered to increase with the degree of elongation of rete pegs at pigmented spot sites and, thus, induce darker pigmented spots.
An intercountry comparison of the impact of the paediatric live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) programme across the UK and the Republic of Ireland (ROI), 2010 to 2017
Authors: Sinnathamby Mary A. , Warburton Fiona , Reynolds Arlene J. , Cottrell Simon , O'Doherty Mark , Domegan Lisa , O'Donnell Joan , Johnston Jillian , Yonova Ivelina , Elgohari Suzanne , Boddington Nicola L. , Andrews Nick , Ellis Joanna , de Lusignan Simon , McMenamin Jim , Pebody Richard G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe universal paediatric live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) programme commenced in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2013/2014. Since 2014/2015, all pre‐school and primary school children in Scotland and Northern Ireland have been offered the vaccine. England and Wales incrementally introduced the programme with additional school age cohorts being vaccinated each season. The Republic of Ireland (ROI) had no universal paediatric programme before 2017. We evaluated the potential population impact of vaccinating primary school‐aged children across the five countries up to the 2016/2017 influenza season.MethodsWe compared rates of primary care influenza‐like illness (ILI) consultations, confirmed influenza intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and all‐cause excess mortality using standardised methods. To further quantify the impact, a scoring system was developed where each weekly rate/z‐score was scored and summed across each influenza season according to the weekly respective threshold experienced in each country.ResultsResults highlight ILI consultation rates in the four seasons' post‐programme, breached baseline thresholds once or not at all in Scotland and Northern Ireland; in three out of the four seasons in England and Wales; and in all four seasons in ROI. No differences were observed in the seasons' post‐programme introduction between countries in rates of ICU and excess mortality, although reductions in influenza‐related mortality were seen. The scoring system also reflected similar results overall.ConclusionsFindings of this study suggest that LAIV vaccination of primary school age children is associated with population‐level benefits, particularly in reducing infection incidence in primary care.
Role of macrophage polarisation in skin wound healing
Authors: Gao Xuejun , Lu Chao , Miao Yuanxin , Ren Jizhen , Cai Xia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSkin wound healing is a complex pathophysiological change that is driven by macrophages and their secreted related factors. Depending on the stimuli, macrophages can be polarised into two subtypes of macrophages with completely different phenotypes and functions, namely M1 and M2. The aim of this study was to explore the role of M1 and M2 macrophages in skin healing in order to develop new drugs for the treatment of refractory wounds. Primary bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) were isolated from rats and expanded in vitro using macrophage colony stimulating factor. In addition, the BMDMs were polarised into the M1 and M2 subtypes using lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), respectively. Cytokine levels in the culture supernatants were measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Epidermal wounds were made on the dorsal surface of rats, and treated with M1 or M2 cell suspensions or phosphate buffered saline. Wound healing was recorded on days 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 after stamping, and the wound healing rate was measured by haematoxylin‐eosin and Masson staining. A total of 3 to 4 × 107 bone marrow cells were extracted from each rat femur. The BMDM culture had 87.1% CD45+ cells, 89.2% CD68+ cells, and 86.5% CD45+CD68+ cells. Furthermore, IL‐12 (P < .05) and IL‐10 (P ≥ .05) levels, respectively, increased and decreased in the culture supernatants of the M1 cells after LPS stimulation compared with those in the M0 (unstimulated) group. Likewise, IL‐4 stimulation led to a significant increase in IL‐10 levels (P < .01) in the conditioned media of M2 cells, while that of IL‐12 decreased slightly (P ≥ .05). In the rat model, the infusion of M2 cells accelerated wound healing and tissue regeneration, whereas the M1 cells delayed the recruitment of inflammatory cells, granulation growth, and collagen deposition, which impaired wound healing. Macrophage polarisation and activation are critical for skin wound healing. While exogenous M1 cell infusion delayed wound healing, the M2 cells promoted wound healing in a rat model.
Reduced insecticide susceptibility among populations of Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in strawberry production
Authors: Kaur Gagandeep , Stelinski Lukasz L. , Martini Xavier , Boyd Nathan , Lahiri Sriyanka 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a major, economically important, and recent invasive pest of strawberries and other horticultural crops in United States. Several conventional insecticides are used for S. dorsalis management, and resistance development threatens loss of few available tools. Hence, our objectives were to: (1) determine the susceptibility of S. dorsalis to commonly used conventional insecticides: spinetoram, acetamiprid, cyantraniliprole and bifenthrin, and (2) establish LC50 and LC90 dosages for spinetoram against S. dorsalis. Sampling of S. dorsalis populations was conducted twice in seven strawberry fields in Florida during the strawberry field season between 2019 and 2020. Leaf‐disc bioassays were performed with field collected populations along with a susceptible 2‐year‐old laboratory culture of S. dorsalis. Overall, at highest recommended rate the percent mortality of late season S. dorsalis populations from five out of seven collection sites was lower (~41%) than average mortality observed with early season populations (~72%). Populations from at least four out of seven sampling sites exhibited significantly lower mortality than the laboratory susceptible culture in late season. The LC50 and LC90 values for spinetoram for the susceptible laboratory population were 0.026 and 8.64 ppm, respectively. On the other hand, LC50 values of field collected populations to spinetoram varied with resistance ratios ranging from 6 to 269 fold as compared against the laboratory strain. Our results suggest that susceptibility of S. dorsalis to commonly used insecticides in strawberries varies significantly between early and late season populations within the same crop season. The efficacy of bifenthrin against S. dorsalis was particularly low (~ reduced to half in late season), especially among field collected populations. Our results indicate an urgent need to incorporate other pest management strategies, as well as effective rotation programs to reduce selection for resistance among populations of S. dorsalis in strawberry production.
Parallel trajectories in the discovery of the SCN‐OVLT and pituitary portal pathways: Legacies of Geoffrey Harris
Authors: Silver Rae , Yao Yifan , Roy Ranjan K. , Stern Javier E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA map of central nervous system organization based on vascular networks provides a layer of organization distinct from familiar neural networks or connectomes. As a well‐established example, the capillary networks of the pituitary portal system enable a route for small amounts of neurochemical signals to reach local targets by traveling along specialized pathways, thereby avoiding dilution in the systemic circulation. The first evidence of such a pathway in the brain came from anatomical studies identifying a portal pathway linking the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. Almost a century later, we demonstrated a vascular portal pathway that joined the capillary beds of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and a circumventricular organ, the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, in a mouse brain. For each of these portal pathways, the anatomical findings opened many new lines of inquiry, including the determination of the direction of flow of information, the identity of the signal that flowed along this pathway, and the function of the signals that linked the two regions. Here, we review landmark steps to these discoveries and highlight the experiments that reveal the significance of portal pathways and more generally, the implications of morphologically distinct nuclei sharing capillary beds.
Is camera recording crucial for the correct diagnosis of sleep bruxism in polysomnography?
Authors: Smardz Joanna , Wieckiewicz Mieszko , Michalek‐Zrabkowska Monika , Gac Pawel , Poreba Rafal , Wojakowska Anna , Blaszczyk Bartlomiej , Mazur Grzegorz , Martynowicz Helena 
Published: February 2023

SummaryDue to potential issues, several sleep laboratories conduct sleep bruxism diagnosis without the use of a camera, instead relying mostly on electromyographic monitoring. The purpose of the study was to determine if a camera is necessary for the polysomnographic evaluation of sleep bruxism and how sleep bruxism parameters change when a camera is not utilised. The study material was actual polysomnographic recordings made in the years 2017–2020. A total of 199 single‐night video‐polysomnographic recordings of patients who were suspected of having sleep bruxism were chosen at random. The first analysis involved the evaluation of the video recording, while in the second video recording was not used. The findings revealed that all the examined sleep bruxism indices had statistically significantly higher values for the recordings made without the use of a camera. According to the findings, noncamera recordings had decreased sensitivity and specificity when the criteria of bruxism and mild‐to‐moderate bruxism were taken into account, and decreased sensitivity in the case of the criterion of severe bruxism. Sleep efficiency, the apnea/hypopnea index, and arousals had independent effects on the bruxism episode index value in the analysis of noncamera recordings. In conclusion, camera‐based polysomnography still appears to be the most reliable way to assess the severity of sleep bruxism, particularly in patients who also report other sleep disturbances. The presence of symptoms of sleep‐disordered breathing, insomnia, or other sleep disorders should prompt us to use camera‐based diagnostics.
Application of zymetin and super PS probiotics in hatchery, nursery, and grow‐out phases of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and their impact on culture environment, production, and economics
Authors: Azad Md. Abul K. , Islam Shikder S. , Ghosh Alokesh K. , Hasanuzzaman Abul F. Md. , Smith Aaron J. , Bir Joyanta , Ahmmed Mirja K. , Ahmmed Fatema , Banu Ghausiatur R. , Huq Khandaker A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of two commercial probiotics, zymetin, and super PS, on the culture environment, production, and economics of Macrobrachium rosenbergii aquaculture. The experiment was conducted using three treatments, including T1, probiotics applied in all culture phases; T2, during grow‐out; and a control (C). Prawns were fed commercial pelleted diets. Earthen ponds were used at a stocking density of two juveniles/m2. Water concentrations of non‐ionized ammonia and nitrite‐nitrogen were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in T1 than in T2 and C. Probiotic application significantly (p < 0.05) reduced phosphate content and balanced soil pH. Growth performance, condition factor, survival, protein utilization, and production were significantly higher in T1 followed by T2 compared to C by the end of grow‐out. Application of zymetin and super PS in all culture phases significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the feed conversion ratio in T1 compared to T2 and C. Positive allometric growth was observed in T1, whereas growth was isometric in C and T2. Probiotic treatment during all culture phases achieved the highest net returns to land, family labor, and management. Application of probiotics during the entire culture cycle could be the best practice for improving production and economics in M. rosenbergii aquaculture.
Role of sexual and natural selection in the evolution of sexual size dimorphism in primates
Authors: Cassini M. H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn mammals, the dominant theory proposes that sexual size dimorphism evolved by sexual selection in a polygynous reproductive scenario. Natural selection is an alternative hypothesis where dimorphism represents an adaptation to ecological pressures. I tested evolutionary models based on sexual and natural selection processes using phylogenetic confirmatory path analyses. I employed data for 225 primate species in terms of their diel activity, body mass, sexual size dimorphism, level of sociality, and level of polygyny. The model that received the most support from path analyses was a mixed model in which dimorphism evolved after an increase in body size that resulted from a response to an ecological pressure, i.e., a change from nocturnal to diurnal habits, with a lesser role of polygyny. Phylogenetic path analysis suggests that natural selection has played an important role in the evolution of sexual size dimorphism in primates.
Intraspecific morphological variations of the vulnerable loach, Lepidocephalichthys annandalei (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae) in inland waterbodies at southwestern Bangladesh
Authors: Samad Md. Abdus , Mahfuj Md. Sarower‐E , Faysal Ahmed Fee , Rahman Shaid‐Ur , Hossain Md. Yeamin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWild fish populations are unceasingly diminishing in the rivers, ox‐bow lakes and floodplains in the Southwestern region of Bangladesh. Investigating the population status of vulnerable wild fish species are vital for the management and conservation of that species. This study aimed to identify the intra‐specific morphological variation and determine the population status of Lepidocephalichthys annandalei, in two rivers, the Nabaganga River in Jhenaidah (NRJ) and the Bhairab River in Jashore (BRJ) as well as a flood plain, the Dhakuria Beel in Jashore (DBJ) from Southwestern Bangladesh. Significant differences were observed in seven conventional and five truss‐based characters in univariate statistics. Conventional and truss‐network results from principal component analysis and CVA exhibited that populations were entirely intermixed, creating a compact cluster within intra‐population stages. Four principal components explained 51.93% of the variation in conventional morphometric characters and truss‐based characters. A UPGMA dendrogram was independently developed based on conventional and truss‐based morphometric characters. Among the individuals of NRJ and BRJ populations confirmed the presence of out‐group rather than the DBJ based on morphometric (conventional and truss) features. These notable isolations of populations of this species were supposed to be geographic disconnection and abiotic parameters. The evidence ensuing from the present study would be valuable for genetic studies as well as for in situ management.