bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Readmission and inhospital death 1 year after COVID‐19 hospitalization in South Africa
Authors: Rodseth Reitze , Maslo Caroline , Laubscher Anchen , Friedland Richard 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAcute SARS‐COVID‐19 infection may increase readmission risk compared to other respiratory infections. We assessed the 1‐year readmission and inhospital death rates of hospitalized SARS‐COVID‐19 patients compared to patients hospitalized with other types of pneumonia.MethodsWe determined the 1‐year readmission and inhospital death rate of adult patients initially hospitalized with a positive SARS‐COVID‐19 result, and subsequently discharged, between March 2020 and August 2021, at a Netcare private hospital in South Africa, and compared this to all hospitalized adult pneumonia patients in the 3 years prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic (2017–2019).ResultsThe 1‐year readmission rate in COVID‐19 patients was 6.6% (328/50,067) versus 8.5% in pneumonia patients (4699/55,439; p < 0.001), with an inhospital mortality rate of 7.7% (n = 251) and 9.7% (n = 454; p = 0.002) for COVID‐19 and pneumonia patients, respectively.
Urinary phosphate is associated with cardiovascular disease incidence
Authors: Donat‐Vargas Carolina , Guallar‐Castillon Pilar , Nyström Jenny , Larsson Susanna C. , Kippler Maria , Vahter Marie , Faxén‐Irving Gerd , Michaelsson Karl , Wolk Alicja , Stenvinkel Peter , Åkesson Agneta 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionElevated phosphate (P) in urine may reflect a high intake of inorganic P salts from food additives. Elevated P in plasma is linked to vascular dysfunction and calcification.ObjectiveTo explore associations between P in urine as well as in plasma and questionnaire‐estimated P intake, and incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD).MethodsWe used the Swedish Mammography Cohort‐Clinical, a population‐based cohort study. At baseline (2004–2009), P was measured in urine and plasma in 1625 women. Dietary P was estimated via a food‐frequency questionnaire. Incident CVD was ascertained via register‐linkage. Associations were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsAfter a median follow‐up of 9.4 years, 164 composite CVD cases occurred (63 myocardial infarctions [MIs] and 101 strokes). Median P (percentiles 5–95) in urine and plasma were 2.4 (1.40–3.79) mmol/mmol creatinine and 1.13 (0.92–1.36) mmol/L, respectively, whereas dietary P intake was 1510 (1148–1918) mg/day. No correlations were observed between urinary and plasma P (r = −0.07) or dietary P (r = 0.10). Urinary P was associated with composite CVD and MI. The hazard ratio of CVD comparing extreme tertiles was 1.57 (95% confidence interval 1.05, 2.35; P trend 0.037)—independently of sodium excretion, the estimated glomerular filtration rate, both P and calcium in plasma, and diuretic use. Association with CVD for plasma P was 1.41 (0.96, 2.07; P trend 0.077).ConclusionHigher level of urinary P, likely reflecting a high consumption of highly processed foods, was linked to CVD. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the potential cardiovascular toxicity associated with excessive intake of P beyond nutritional requirements.
New insights into the disulfide stress response by the Bacillus subtilis Spx system at a single‐cell level
Authors: Matavacas Judith , Anand Deepak , von Wachenfeldt Claes 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSpx is a global transcriptional regulator that orchestrates the Bacillus subtilis response to disulfide stress. The YjbH (SpxH) protein adapts Spx for ClpXP‐mediated degradation, playing a critical role in the regulation of the cellular Spx levels. Upon stress, YjbH forms aggregates by a yet unknown mechanism, resulting in increased Spx levels due to reduced proteolysis. Here, we studied how individual cells use the Spx‐YjbH system to respond to disulfide stress. We show, using fluorescent reporters, a correlation between the Spx levels and the amount of YjbH, as well as a transient growth inhibition upon disulfide stress. The in vivo dynamics and inheritance of YjbH aggregates are characterized by a bipolar distribution over time and appear to be entropy‐driven by nucleoid exclusion. Moreover, we reveal that the population following disulfide stress is highly heterogenous in terms of aggregate load and that the aggregate load has strong implications for cellular fitness. We propose that the observed heterogeneity could be a mechanism to ensure population survival during stress. Finally, we find that the two YjbH domains (DsbA‐like domain and winged‐helix domain) contribute to its aggregation function, and show that the aggregation of the DsbA‐like domain is conserved among other studied orthologs, whereas important differences are observed for the winged‐helix domain.
Charitable matching and moral credit
Authors: Nolan Daniel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhen charitable matching occurs, both the person initially offering the matching donation and the person taking up the offer may well feel they have done something better than if they had donated on their own without matching. They may well feel they deserve some credit for the matched donation as well as their own. Can they both be right? Natural assumptions about charitable matching lead to puzzles that are challenging to resolve in a satisfactory way.
Different protocols in treatment of placental retention in dairy cows and their influences on reproductive performance
Authors: Amin Yahia A. , Elqashmary Hassan Abdalla , Karmi Mohamed , Essawi Walaa M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe study aimed to evaluate the effect of α‐chymotrypsin on placental separation as a treatment protocol for retained placenta (RP) in dairy cows and its effect on reproductive performance after placental shedding. The study was conducted on 64 crossbred cows that suffered from retained placenta. Cows were divided into four equal groups: group I (n = 16) treated with prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α); group II (n = 16) treated with PGF2α in combination with α‐chemotrypsin; group III (n = 16) treated with α‐chemotrypsin only and group IV (n = 16) treated by manual removal of the RP. Cows were under observation after treatment till placental shedding. Placental samples were taken from the non‐responsive cows after the course of treatment and examined to observe the histopathological changes in each group. Results revealed that the time of placental dropping showed a significant decrease in group II compared to other groups. Histopathological examination of group II shows that collagen was found as fewer fibres in scattered areas and necrosis appeared as numerous areas widespread in the foetal villi. A few inflammatory cells were infiltrated in the placental tissue and the vascular changes appear as mild vasculitis and mild oedema. Cows in group II have rapid uterine involution, decreased risk of post‐partum metritis and improved reproductive performance. It is concluded that PGF2α in combination with α‐ chemotrypsin is the recommended treatment for RP in dairy cows. This recommendation is warranted, as this treatment was successful in achieving rapid placental shedding, rapid uterine involution, a decreased risk of post‐partum metritis and improved reproductive performance.
An interpretable XGBoost‐based approach for Arctic navigation risk assessment
Authors: Yao Shuaiyu , Wu Qinhao , Kang Qi , Chen Yu‐Wang , Lu Yi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Northern Sea Route (NSR) makes travel between Europe and Asia shorter and quicker than a southern transit via the Strait of Malacca and Suez Canal. It provides greater access to Arctic resources such as oil and gas. As global warming accelerates, melting Arctic ice caps are likely to increase traffic in the NSR and enhance its commercial viability. Due to the harsh Arctic environment imposing threats to the safety of ship navigation, it is necessary to assess Arctic navigation risk to maintain shipping safety. Currently, most studies are focused on the conventional assessment of the risk, which lacks the validation based on actual data. In this study, actual data about Arctic navigation environment and related expert judgments were used to generate a structured data set. Based on the structured data set, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and alternative methods were used to establish models for the assessment of Arctic navigation risk, which were validated using cross‐validation. The results show that compared with alternative models, XGBoost models have the best performance in terms of mean absolute errors and root mean squared errors. The XGBoost models can learn and reproduce expert judgments and knowledge for the assessment of Arctic navigation risk. Feature importance (FI) and shapley additive explanations (SHAP) are used to further interpret the relationship between input data and predictions. The application of XGBoost, FI, and SHAP is aimed to improve the safety of Arctic shipping using advanced artificial intelligence techniques. The validated assessment enhances the quality and robustness of assessment.
I think, therefore I act, Revisited: Building a stronger foundation for risk analysis
Authors: Árvai Joseph , Cohen Alex Segrè , Lutzke Lauren , Otten Caitlin Drummond 
Published: June 2023

AbstractActively open‐minded thinking (AOT) is a thinking style in which people engaged in judgment and decision‐making actively seek out and then evaluate information in a manner that is intentionally disconnected from their prior beliefs and motivations and in line with self‐perceptions of autonomy. Actively open‐minded thinkers have been observed to make both more accurate judgments about the magnitude of risks and more evidence‐based decisions under uncertainty in a wide range of situations such as climate change and politics. In addition, actively open‐minded thinkers functioning in domains where they lack a desired level of knowledge are open to “outsourcing” the job of critical reasoning thinking to credible experts; in other words, they are better able to gauge who is trustworthy and then rely on the insights of these trustworthy others to help them reach a conclusion. We report results from a follow‐up to research previously published in Risk Analysis that confirms these tenets in the context of COVID‐19. We then extend these results to offer a series of recommendations for strengthening the process and outcomes of risk analysis: leveraging the latent norm of autonomy and personal agency that underpins AOT, activating or engaging with approaches to reasoning—such as decision structuring—that are in line with AOT, and working upstream and downstream of risk analysis to establish AOT as a norm of its own.
Blow‐ups and modifications of lcK spaces
Authors: Preda Ovidiu , Stanciu Miron 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this article, we prove that the blow‐up of an lcK space along a subspace that verifies certain conditions is lcK if and only if is induced gcK, generalizing a theorem of Ornea–Verbitsky–Vuletescu to singular locally irreducible spaces. We also show that even if modifications of lcK spaces are not always of lcK type, they always admit quasi‐lcK metrics.
Moments of moments of primes in arithmetic progressions
Authors: de la Bretèche R. , Fiorilli D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe establish unconditional ‐results for all weighted even moments of primes in arithmetic progressions. We also study the moments of these moments and establish lower bounds under the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis (GRH). Finally, under GRH and the Linear Independence Hypothesis (LI), we prove an asymptotic for all moments of the associated limiting distribution, which, in turn, indicates that our unconditional and GRH results are essentially best possible. Using our probabilistic results, we formulate a conjecture on the moments with a precise associated range of validity, which we believe is also best possible. This last conjecture implies a ‐analog of the Montgomery‐Soundararajan conjecture on the Gaussian distribution of primes in short intervals. The ideas in our proofs include a novel application of positivity in the explicit formula and the combinatorics of arrays of characters that are fixed by certain involutions.
Calibration of the Proton Beam Cherenkov Monitor
Authors: Akulinichev S. V. , Gavrilov Yu. K. , Djilkibaev R. M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The results of calibration measurements of the proton beam Cherenkov monitor are presented. A good agreement was obtained between the monitor measurements and the readings of the ionization chamber and the plastic monitor. The Cherenkov monitor does not register photons and electrons with energies below 170 keV, which is important for low-energy background suppression.
Criticality-aware Monitoring and Orchestration for Containerized Industry 4.0 Environments
Authors: Barletta Marco , Cinque Marcello , De Simone Luigi , Corte Raffaele Della 
Published: June 2023

The evolution of industrial environments makes the reconfigurability and flexibility key requirements to rapidly adapt to changeable market needs. Computing paradigms like Edge/Fog computing are able to provide the required flexibility and scalability while guaranteeing low latencies and response times. Orchestration systems play a key role in these environments, enforcing automatic management of resources and workloads’ lifecycle, and drastically reducing the need for manual interventions. However, they do not currently meet industrial non-functional requirements, such as real-timeliness, determinism, reliability, and support for mixed-criticality workloads.
In this article, we present k4.0s, an orchestration system for Industry 4.0 (I4.0) environments, which enables the support for real-time and mixed-criticality workloads. We highlight through experiments the need for novel monitoring approaches and propose a workflow for selecting monitoring metrics, which depends on both workload requirements and hosting node guarantees. We introduce new abstractions for the components of a cluster in order to enable criticality-aware monitoring and orchestration of real-time industrial workloads. Finally, we design an orchestration system architecture that reflects the proposed model, introducing new components and prototyping a Kubernetes-based implementation, taking the first steps towards a fully I4.0-enabled orchestration system.
Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis for Arabic Food Delivery Reviews
Authors: Al-Jarrah Ibrahim , Mustafa Ahmad M. , Najadat Hassan 
Published: June 2023

Business customers and consumers share their reviews online on social platforms such as Twitter. Therefore, Twitter data sentiment analysis is extremely useful for both research and commercial purposes. Manually analyzing reviews takes a long time and effort, hence, automatic sentiment analysis is required. In this article, we address aspect-based sentiment analysis for Arabic food delivery reviews using several deep learning approaches. In particular, we propose to use Transformer-based models (GigaBERT and AraBERT), Bi-LSTM-CRF, and LSTM, as well as a classical machine learning algorithm (SVM). We also present our dataset of food delivery service reviews, which we collected from Twitter. We annotated them and used them for training and evaluating our approaches.
The experiments show that both GigaBERT and AraBERT outperformed the other models in all the tasks. The Transformer-based models received F1-scores of 77% in the aspect terms detection task, 82% in the Aspect category detection task, and 81% in the aspect polarity detection task, gaining 2%, 4%, and 4% over Bi-LSTM-CRF and LSTM in the first, second, and third tasks, respectively.
Hierarchical Model Parallelism for Optimizing Inference on Many-core Processor via Decoupled 3D-CNN Structure
Authors: Jiang Jiazhi , Huang Zijian , Huang Dan , Du Jiangsu , Chen Lin , Chen Ziguan , Lu Yutong 
Published: June 2023

The tremendous success of convolutional neural network (CNN) has made it ubiquitous in many fields of human endeavor. Many applications such as biomedical analysis and scientific data analysis involve analyzing volumetric data. This spawns huge demand for 3D-CNN. Although accelerators such as GPU may provide higher throughput on deep learning applications, they may not be available in all scenarios. CPU, especially many-core CPU with non-uniform memory access (NUMA) architecture, remains an attractive choice for deep learning inference in many scenarios.In this article, we propose a distributed inference solution for 3D-CNN that targets on the emerging ARM many-core CPU platform. A hierarchical partition approach is claimed to accelerate 3D-CNN inference by exploiting characteristics of memory and cache on ARM many-core CPU. Based on the hierarchical model partition approach, other optimization techniques such as NUMA-aware thread scheduling and optimization of 3D-img2row convolution are designed to exploit the potential of ARM many-core CPU for 3D-CNN. We evaluate our proposed inference solution with several classic 3D-CNNs: C3D, 3D-resnet34, 3D-resnet50, 3D-vgg11, and P3D. Our experimental results show that our solution can boost the performance of the 3D-CNN inference, and achieve much better scalability, with a negligible fluctuation in accuracy. When employing our 3D-CNN inference solution on ACL libraries, it can outperform naive ACL implementations by 11× to 50× on ARM many-core processor. When employing our 3D-CNN inference solution on NCNN libraries, it can outperform the naive NCNN implementations by 5.2× to 14.2× on ARM many-core processor.
International survey of antibiotic dosing and monitoring in adult intensive care units
Authors: Williams Paul G. , Tabah Alexis , Cotta Menino Osbert , Sandaradura Indy , Kanji Salmaan , Scheetz Marc H. , Imani Sahand , Elhadi Muhammed , Luque-Pardos Sònia , Schellack Natalie , Sanches Cristina , Timsit Jean-Francois , Xie Jiao , Farkas Andras , Wilks Kathryn , Roberts Jason A. ,   National Coordinators on behalf of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Infections in Critically Ill Patients [ESGCIP], Brinkmann Alexander , Ramanan Mahesh , Koulenti Despoina , Gurjar Mohan , Sulaiman Helmi , Shrestha Gentle , Cortegiani Andrea , Crespo Monica , Ling Lowell , Abidi Khalid , Schellongowski Peter 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
In recent years, numerous dosing studies have been conducted to optimize therapeutic antibiotic exposures in patients with serious infections. These studies have led to the inclusion of dose optimization recommendations in international clinical practice guidelines. The last international survey describing dosing, administration and monitoring of commonly prescribed antibiotics for critically ill patients was published in 2015 (ADMIN-ICU 2015). This study aimed to describe the evolution of practice since this time.

Methods
A cross-sectional international survey distributed through professional societies and networks was used to obtain information on practices used in the dosing, administration and monitoring of vancomycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem and aminoglycosides.

Results
A total of 538 respondents (71% physicians and 29% pharmacists) from 409 hospitals in 45 countries completed the survey. Vancomycin was mostly administered as an intermittent infusion, and loading doses were used by 74% of respondents with 25 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg the most favoured doses for intermittent and continuous infusions, respectively. Piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem were most frequently administered as an extended infusion (42% and 51%, respectively). Therapeutic drug monitoring was undertaken by 90%, 82%, 43%, and 39% of respondents for vancomycin, aminoglycosides, piperacillin/tazobactam, and meropenem, respectively, and was more frequently performed in high-income countries. Respondents rarely used dosing software to guide therapy in clinical practice and was most frequently used with vancomycin (11%).

Conclusions
We observed numerous changes in practice since the ADMIN-ICU 2015 survey was conducted. Beta-lactams are more commonly administered as extended infusions, and therapeutic drug monitoring use has increased, which align with emerging evidence.
Realistic Evaluation of Reinforcement Bond Strength in Alkali-Activated Slag Concrete Exposed to Elevated Temperature
Authors: Amer Ismail , Kohail Mohamed , El-Feky M. S. , Rashad Ahmed , Khalaf Mohamed A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Alkali-activated concrete (AAC) has attained great popularity since finding it as an alternative to Portland cement concrete due to its superior characteristics in terms of mechanical properties and durability, and its low negative environmental impact. This research investigated both experimentally and analytically the bond behavior between alkali-activated slag concrete (AASC) and steel rebars considering some important parameters (rebar diameter and development length-to-diameter ratio) before and after exposure to elevated temperature using beam-end bond testing technique. The obtained experimental results were compared with those obtained from applying the CEB-FIP model and the well-known available equations in the literature. A modified model was proposed for predicting the bond behavior of AASC. Results have showed that the CEB-FIP model provides more conservative values for bond strength compared to the experimentally obtained results which increases the safety level when estimating the bond strength for design purposes. The proposed modified model achieved a higher correlation with the experimental results than the CEB-FIP model at ambient temperature.
Abcd1 deficiency accelerates cuprizone-induced oligodendrocyte loss and axonopathy in a demyelinating mouse model of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: Martinović Ksenija , Bauer Jan , Kunze Markus , Berger Johannes , Forss-Petter Sonja 
Published: June 2023

AbstractX-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), the most frequent, inherited peroxisomal disease, is caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene encoding a peroxisomal lipid transporter importing very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) from the cytosol into peroxisomes for degradation via β-oxidation. ABCD1 deficiency results in accumulation of VLCFAs in tissues and body fluids of X-ALD patients with a wide range of phenotypic manifestations. The most severe variant, cerebral X-ALD (CALD) is characterized by progressive inflammation, loss of the myelin-producing oligodendrocytes and demyelination of the cerebral white matter. Whether the oligodendrocyte loss and demyelination in CALD are caused by a primary cell autonomous defect or injury to oligodendrocytes or by a secondary effect of the inflammatory reaction remains unresolved. To address the role of X-ALD oligodendrocytes in demyelinating pathophysiology, we combined the Abcd1 deficient X-ALD mouse model, in which VLCFAs accumulate without spontaneous demyelination, with the cuprizone model of toxic demyelination. In mice, the copper chelator cuprizone induces reproducible demyelination in the corpus callosum, followed by remyelination upon cuprizone removal. By immunohistochemical analyses of oligodendrocytes, myelin, axonal damage and microglia activation during de-and remyelination, we found that the mature oligodendrocytes of Abcd1 KO mice are more susceptible to cuprizone-induced cell death compared to WT mice in the early demyelinating phase. Furthermore, this effect was mirrored by a greater extent of acute axonal damage during demyelination in the KO mice. Abcd1 deficiency did not affect the function of microglia in either phase of the treatment. Also, the proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and remyelination progressed at similar rates in both genotypes. Taken together, our findings point to an effect of Abcd1 deficiency on mature oligodendrocytes and the oligodendrocyte-axon unit, leading to increased vulnerability in the context of a demyelinating insult.