bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1330 A SURVEY TO ASSESS REHAB THERAPY COMMUNICATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT MEMBERS OF THE MDT
Authors: Parish B E , Kaneshamoorthy M , Ukah N 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Physical rehabilitation is related to better surgical and medical outcomes for patients (WHO, 2021). In hospitals, the role of the rehab team is essential to promote faster and better recovery and to prevent falls (Brett et al., 2019). We wanted to review the communication between the rehab team and medical team to aid discharge planning. Better communication can reduce repetition.

Methods
A baseline survey was given to doctors, nurses, and rehab staff on a geriatric ward to review communication. The intervention was an A4 template highlighting the patients’ baseline and current function, which was placed by the bedside. A repeat survey was done to evaluate the effectiveness.

Results
Survey 1 had 13 participants. Survey 2 had 25 participants. 90% of doctors and nurses strongly agree that they need to know patients’ ability to transfer, mobilise, wash, dress and falls risks. 71.4% of rehab team agrees that patients’ rehab status is not clearly communicated between different members of the multidisciplinary team. 100% of rehab staff were asked about patient’s rehab status which improved to 71.4% after the intervention. After the intervention, 60% of doctors agree that they still find themselves asking other members of the MDT about patients’ rehab status, compared to only 37.5% of nurses.

Conclusion
To know patients’ rehab status is extremely important for their medical management, nursing management, and for their safety. A simple intervention had improved the awareness of patient rehab status, reducing time wasted on repetition. Another cycle to further improve communication by a teaching session with be conducted at each rotation ensure sustainability.

References
World Health Organization. (2021, November 10). “Rehabilitation.” Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rehabilitation.
Brett, L., Noblet, T., Jorgensen, M. and Georgiou, A., 2019. The use of physiotherapy in nursing homes internationally: a systematic review. PLoS One, 14(7), p. e0219488.
1337 IMPROVING THE PERI-OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF ANTICOAGULATION IN PATIENTS WITH NECK OF FEMUR FRACTURES (NOFFS)
Authors: Knight M , Sommar D , Mufti S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Neck of femur fractures (NOFFs) are a clinically significant diagnosis, with 10% of patients dying within one month of diagnosis [1]. There is a strong association between earlier surgery and improvement in postoperative outcomes [2]. Taking anticoagulation can cause delays in patients being operated on. At Homerton University Hospital (HUH), no previous guideline existed to aid specifically in the management of patients with NOFFs on anticoagulation. We created a guideline in order to reduce delays to theatre, in keeping with national guidance (&lt;36 hours to operation).

Methods
We audited all patients in 2020 admitted to HUH with NOFFs taking anticoagulation. A guideline was then created, reflecting new national guidance [3] on the management of anticoagulation pre-operatively for NOFF patients. Three PDSA cycles were completed, with repeat audit cycles following dissemination and teaching of guideline to relevant clinical groups.

Results
Following implementation of our guideline, 56% of patients had surgery within 36 hours of admission, compared to 25% previously. Advice being given to the admitting team regarding timing of the operation was more consistent, and the admitting team needed to ask for advice less often. There was an overall increase in consistency of management.

Conclusions
Ensuring NOFFs are operated on promptly reduces the risk of co-morbidity and mortality [2]. There are often incorrect delays to theatre following anticoagulation administration due to perceived risk of bleeding. We created and implemented a new guideline, which successfully reduced time taken for patients on anticoagulation to be taken to theatre for operation.

References
[1] NICE. ‘Hip Fracture: Management’. Clinical guideline. Published: 22 June 2011. Accessed at: nice.org.uk/guidance/cg124.
[2] Seong YJ, Shin WC, Moon NH, Suh KT. Timing of Hip-fracture Surgery in Elderly Patients. Hip Pelvis. 2020;32(1):11-16. doi: 10.5371/hp.2020.32.1.11.
[3] Griffiths R, Babu S, Dixon P et al. Ray), Guideline for the management of hip fractures. Anaesthesia 2020; 76: 225–37.
1257 IMPROVING HYDRATION IN ELDERLY PATIENTS ON OUTLIER WARDS AT NEWHAM UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL (NUH)
Authors: Smith C R E D , Aziz S , Duper S V 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Dehydration is a major contributing factor to morbidity and mortality in elderly patients, as they are at greater risk and more vulnerable to the consequences of inadequate fluid intake. Care of the Elderly (COE) wards are set up to meet the specific care needs of elderly patients, however, these care needs are not consistently met on medical outlier wards at NUH. This project aimed to improve hydration-related patient care on outlier wards using a sustainable intervention by increasing average daily fluid intake (ADFI) by 50% and patients with drinks within an arm’s reach by 50%.

Methods
Cycle 1: Hydration parameters (ADFI, glasses within reach, drinks offered, glasses filled) were audited for patients on two COE wards (n=25) and four outlier wards (n=19).
Cycle 2: Reminder to offer patients a drink added to outlier patients’ ward round entries and nurses verbally informed over 1 week (n=14).
Cycle 3: ‘Think Drink’ poster placed at outlier patients’ bedsides as a visual reminder and nurses verbally informed over 1 week (n=15).

Results
Cycle 1: ADFI was 774mls greater on COE than outlier wards, 299% more glasses within reach, 62% more drinks offered, 78% more glasses filled.
Cycle 2: 52% increase in ADFI (258mls), 104% more drinks within reach, 11% more drinks offered; 15% less glasses filled.
Cycle 3: further 8% increase in ADFI (62mls), 87% more glasses within reach, 4% more drinks offered, and 124% more glasses filled. Overall: 65% increase in ADFI, 280% more glasses within reach, 15% more drinks offered, and 90% more filled glasses.

Conclusions
An important gap in care was identified between COE and outlier wards, leaving elderly outlier patients vulnerable to dehydration. ‘Think Drink’ poster acted as a successful visual reminder for staff and visitors demonstrated by an increase in all hydration parameters, improving hydration-related patient care.
Relationship of Arterial Stiffness and Central Hemodynamics With Cardiovascular Risk In Hypertension
Authors: Jin Lin , Chen Jianxiong , Zhang Mengjiao , Sha Lei , Cao Mengmeng , Tong Lanyue , Chen Qingqing , Shen Cuiqin , Du Lianfang , Li Zhaojun , Liu Liping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundHypertension is becoming a serious public health problem and noninvasive estimation of central hemodynamics and artery stiffness have been identified as important predictors of cardiovascular disease.MethodsThe study included 4,311 participants, both sex and aged between 20 and 79 years. Arterial velocity pulse index, arterial pressure-volume index (AVI, API, and the index of artery stiffness), central systolic blood pressure, central artery pulse pressure (CSBP, CAPP, and estimated via oscillometric blood pressure monitor), and 10-year risk score of cardiovascular disease in China (China-PAR) and Framingham cardiovascular risk score (FCVRS) were assessed at baseline. Regression model was performed to identify factors associated with high cardiovascular disease risk stratification. The relationships between CSBP, CAPP and China-PAR, and FCVRS were analyzed by restrictive cubic spline functions.ResultsThe uncontrolled hypertension group showed the highest values of AVI, API, CSBP, and CAPP. In the regression analysis, CAPP and hypertension subtypes were identified as significant predictors of high cardiovascular risk stratification, and CAPP was strongly correlated with API in this cohort. Finally, CSBP and CAPP showed significant J-shaped relationships with China-PAR and FCVRS.ConclusionsSubjects with uncontrolled hypertension present with elevated values of CAPP, CSBP, API, AVI, China-PAR, and FCVRS scores. CAPP was independently associated with high cardiovascular risk stratification, and there was a significant J-shaped relationship with China-PAR and FCVRS that may identify people with higher cardiovascular risk.
Comparative studies on mannan and imiquimod induced experimental plaque psoriasis inflammation in inbred mice
Authors: Wu Huimei , Ou Jiaxin , Li Kangxin , Wang Tingting , Nandakumar Kutty Selva 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Psoriasis is a genetically determined, environmentally triggered, immune system-mediated autoimmune disease. Different animal models are needed to investigate the complex pathological mechanisms underlying this disease. Therefore, we established mannan-induced psoriasis model and compared with the most commonly used imiquimod-induced psoriasis in terms of disease, induction of innate immune cells, expression of cytokines, and the effect of dexamethasone treatment. Mannan significantly induced more severe psoriasis with better disease relapsing feature than imiquimod (IMQ). As determined by immunohistochemistry, IMQ induced significantly more infiltration of CD11c+ and F4/80+ cells than mannan in the skin. However, cytometric analysis showed a significant increase in the percentage of Gr-1+ neutrophils in the spleen and lymph nodes as well as F4/80+ macrophages in the spleen after mannan exposure. Variation in the percentage of significantly increased Vγ4 T cells was also found to be dependent on the lymphoid organs tested. However, there is a clear difference between these models in terms of expression of certain cytokine genes: IL-22, IL-23, IL-17E, and IL-17F were expressed more predominantly in mannan-induced inflammation, while IL-6 and IL-17A expressions were significantly higher in IMQ model. Interestingly, dexamethasone treatment strongly reduced epidermal thickness and histological scores induced by mannan than IMQ. Despite inducing psoriasis-like inflammation, certain differences and similarities were observed in the immune responses induced by mannan and IMQ. However, mannan-induced psoriasis model is relatively more simple, economical and less harmful to mice with an increased possibility to develop a chronic psoriasis model by exposing mice to mannan.
Criteria of patient selection for magnetic sphincter augmentation
Authors: Furay E , Doggett S , Buckley III F P 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article is an expert review of published literature with the goal of defining the ideal patient selection for Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation (MSA) in Anti-reflux Surgery (ARS). The authors performed a literature search of outcomes after MSA for different patient populations. Although MSA utilization has expanded to include patients with advanced gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), obese patients, and patients with a history of bariatric surgery there is still a paucity of data to support its definitive use in these cohorts. We concluded that younger patients with mild/moderate GERD as evidenced by objective studies in conjunction with normal motility on manometry have the most favorable outcomes after MSA. MSA should be avoided in patients with allergies to nickel, titanium, stainless steel, or ferrous materials. As the utilization of MSA in ARS continues to expand and as more robust data emerges the ideal patient for this device will likely expand as well.
Red Flag/Blue Flag visualization of a common CNN for text classification
Authors: Del Gaizo John , Obeid Jihad S , Catchpole Kenneth R , Alekseyenko Alexander V 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A shallow convolutional neural network (CNN), TextCNN, has become nearly ubiquitous for classification among clinical and medical text. This research presents a novel eXplainable-AI (X-AI) software, Red Flag/Blue Flag (RFBF), designed for binary classification with TextCNN. RFBF visualizes each convolutional filter’s discriminative capability. This is a more informative approach than direct assessment of logit contribution, features that overfit to train set nuances on smaller datasets may indiscriminately activate large logits on validation samples from both classes. RFBF enables model diagnosis, term feature verification, and overfit prevention. We present 3 use cases of (1) filter consistency assessment; (2) predictive performance improvement; and (3) estimation of information leakage between train and holdout sets. The use cases derive from experiments on TextCNN for binary prediction of surgical misadventure outcomes from physician-authored operative notes. Due to TextCNN’s prevalence, this X-AI can benefit clinical text research, and hence improve patient outcomes.
13-Year Analysis of Gender Disparity in Peer Reviewed Burn Literature
Authors: Khan Iman F , Ketheeswaran Suvethavarshini , Willey Brea , Alasgarov Elvin , Turker Ismail , Guliyeva Gunel , Hultman C Scott , Cooney Carisa M , Caffrey Julie A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Women are less likely to be senior authors, invited to write in scientific journals, and to be cited in high impact journals. The aim of this study was to investigate trends in authorship and gender differences in peer-reviewed burn literature over 13 years.
We performed a retrospective analysis of original research articles published from January 2009 to September 2021 in three burn journals. A gender determination application was used to categorize the gender of the first and senior author.
Of the 3,908 articles analyzed, 42.5% had a woman first author and 27.6% had a woman senior author. We identified 2,029 unique senior authors, 29.0% of whom were women. Woman senior authorship was associated with increased odds of woman first authorship [OR=2.31 (95% CI 2.00, 2.67); p&lt;0.001]. The percentage of papers with a woman senior author increased from 17.8% in 2009 to 35.7% in 2021. If this 1.0% (95% CI: 0.50 – 1.51%) linear trend increase per year in woman senior authorship continues, we will expect to see equal proportions of woman and man senior authors in the included journals starting in 2037.
The field of burn care is far from reaching gender parity with respect to authorship of peer-reviewed publications. Supporting and encouraging gender concordant and discordant first:last authorship dyads in mentorship as well as redistributing obligations that may detract from authorship opportunities are potential ways to improve parity in authorship and academia.
Vaccination of individuals lacking decision-making capacity during a public health emergency
Authors: Schaefer G Owen , Johnson Tess , Friets Ryan , Menon Sumytra , Savulescu Julian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper explores the ethical challenges in deciding whether to vaccinate individuals lacking the decision-making capacity needed to provide informed consent during a public health emergency like COVID-19. The best interests standard ordinarily governs such decisions, which under the law in jurisdictions like England, Wales and Singapore takes into account the individual’s past wishes and present preferences. However, in a public health emergency, the interests of third parties become more salient: those whom the unvaccinated individual might expose to infection have an interest in the individual’s being vaccinated. While current mental capacity law has not been interpreted to take such public health considerations into account, we argue that such considerations are nevertheless ethically relevant, and can legitimately be weighed up alongside other considerations such as the preferences of the individual and impacts on their health. This is most relevant for individuals lacking decision-making capacity who have previously declined or presently resist vaccination. The public health impact of vaccination may in some instances be enough to outweigh preferences of the individual and justify providing vaccination against their past or present wishes.
Developing countries being prospective players in climate governance: a case study of China’s carbon market
Authors: Liu Ziyu , Zhang Chi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Although most of the developing countries around the world currently remain reluctant to make clear commitment to climate change, this does not mean that such a situation will not be changed in an expectable future while the climate risk is getting increasingly urgent. This reality also does not imply that there is substantive institutional barrier to establishing effective carbon markets in developing countries. In this article, we will take China as an example and examine its evolution of the domestic legal and regulatory systems of carbon markets to consider the essential roles of private law system of carbon markets in developing countries. Finally, we will analyze the role of Chinese overseas investment in developing countries to promote carbon neutrality among them and provide a feasible platform for them in means of introducing financial instruments through international cooperation.
Estimating reddening of the continuum and broad-line region of active galactic nuclei: the mean reddening of NGC 5548 and the size of the accretion disc
Authors: Gaskell C Martin , Anderson Frances C , Birmingham Sufia Á , Ghosh Samhita 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We use seven different methods to estimate broad-line and continuum reddenings of NGC 5548. We investigate two possible reddening curves considered for active galactic nuclei (AGNs): the mean AGN reddening curve of Gaskell & Benker (2007) which is relatively flat in the ultraviolet, and a curve that rises strongly into the ultraviolet like a Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) reddening curve. We also consider a standard Milky Way curve. Regardless of the curve adopted, we find a total reddening ∼14 times greater than the small amount of reddening due to dust in the solar neighbourhood. The UV-to-optical ratios rule out a steep SMC-like reddening curve for NGC 5548. The Milky Way and Gaskell & Benker curves give a mean reddening of E(B − V) = 0.25 ± 0.02. The four non-hydrogen-line reddening indicators imply that the intrinsic hydrogen line ratios are consistent with Baker–Menzel case B values. The unreddened optical to UV spectral energy distribution is consistent with the predicted distribution for an externally-illuminated accretion disc. The reddening we derive for NGC 5548 is typical of previous estimates for type-1 AGNs. Neglecting internal extinction leads to an underestimate of the luminosity at 1200 Å by a factor of seven. The size scale of the accretion disc has therefore been underestimated by a factor of ≈2.6. This is similar to the accretion disc size discrepancy found in the 2013 AGNSTORM campaign and thus supports the proposal by Gaskell (2017) that the accretion disc size discrepancy is primarily due to the neglect of reddening.
Exploring supernova gravitational waves with machine learning
Authors: Mitra A , Shukirgaliyev B , Abylkairov Y S , Abdikamalov E 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) emit powerful gravitational waves (GWs). Since GWs emitted by a source contain information about the source, observing GWs from CCSNe may allow us to learn more about CCSNs. We study if it is possible to infer the iron core mass from the bounce and early ring-down GW signal. We generate GW signals for a range of stellar models using numerical simulations and apply machine learning to train and classify the signals. We consider an idealized favorable scenario. First, we use rapidly rotating models, which produce stronger GWs than slowly rotating models. Secondly, we limit ourselves to models with four different masses, which simplifies the selection process. We show that the classification accuracy does not exceed $\sim \! 70{{\ \mathrm{ per \, cent}}}$, signifying that even in this optimistic scenario, the information contained in the bounce, and early ring-down GW signal is not sufficient to precisely probe the iron core mass. This suggests that it may be necessary to incorporate additional information such as the GWs from later post-bounce evolution and neutrino observations to accurately measure the iron core mass.
Disparity of HIV-1 Pretreatment Drug Resistance in Men Who Have Sex With Men and the Heterosexual Population in Guangxi, China
Authors: Pang Xianwu , Liang Shujia , Tang Kailing , Huang Jinghua , He Qin , Fang Ningye , Xie Bo , Xie Xing , Wang Huifeng , Hu Yanling , Lan Guanghua 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
The prevalence of human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Guangxi remains unclear, and its effect on antiretroviral therapy (ART) needs to be further studied.

Methods
Individuals newly diagnosed with HIV in Guangxi from 2016 to 2020, which mainly included MSM and the heterosexual (HES) population, were recruited in this study. Pol sequences were sequenced to analyze PDR and construct a genetic network. The risk factors for PDR and the effect on ART were respectively analyzed.

Results
The PDR of MSM in Guangxi was 4.7% (34/716), consisting of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (3.5%), protease inhibitors (0.8%), integrase strand transfer inhibitors (0.7%), and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (0.4%), and lower than that of HES (9.3% [77/827]). The subtype was associated with PDR, and MSM was lower than HES (CRF01_AE: 3.0% vs 8.0%; CRF07_BC: 4.1% vs 7.2%). CRF55_01B (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.35) was a risk factor for PDR in MSM, while CRF08_BC (aOR, 2.34) and older (aOR, 2.75) were risk factors for PDR in HES. Six of 18 (33.3%) PDR of MSM in the network connected to each other, lower than that of HES (61.1% [22/36]). CRF55_01B (aOR, 5.69) was a risk factor for PDR transmission in MSM, while CRF08_BC (aOR, 4.08) was a risk factor in HES. Pretreatment CD4+ T-cell count, age, infection route, and subtype were associated with recovery of CD4+ count and suppression of viral load.

Conclusions
The prevalence of PDR was different between MSM and HES, which may be associated with subtype. Thus, the monitoring of subtype and PDR should be strengthened.