bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The first Palaeozoic spider (Arachnida: Araneae) from Germany
Authors: Dunlop Jason A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe first Palaeozoic spider (Arachnida: Araneae) from Germany is described as Arthrolycosa wolterbeeki sp. nov. and comes from the late Carboniferous (Moscovian) strata of Piesberg near Osnabrück in Lower Saxony. Characteristic for the genus, the new fossil reveals a posteriorly tuberculate dorsal opisthosoma, and relatively elongate and setose legs in which the first leg is longer than the second and third legs. Spinnerets are also preserved, confirming its status as a genuine spider rather than being part of an extinct spider-like arachnid lineage. Carboniferous spiders in general are rather rare. While modern spiders are a megadiverse group, the published fossil record suggests they were only moderately diverse in the late Carboniferous compared to other Coal Measures arachnids. Part of the explanation must be that major radiations within Araneae occurred later, probably during the Mesozoic. If the lifestyle of the Carboniferous fossils was similar to that of modern mesothele spiders their rarity as fossils might also relate to them spending much of their lives in burrows, or similar retreats, with limited opportunities for preservation.
Prenatal Exposure to Nitrate in Drinking Water and Adverse Health Outcomes in the Offspring: a Review of Current Epidemiological Research
Authors: Clemmensen Pernille Jul , Schullehner Jörg , Brix Nis , Sigsgaard Torben , Stayner Leslie Thomas , Kolstad Henrik Albert , Ramlau-Hansen Cecilia Høst 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurpose of ReviewRecently, several epidemiological studies have investigated whether prenatal exposure to nitrate from drinking water may be harmful to the fetus, even at nitrate levels below the current World Health Organization drinking water standard. The purpose of this review was to give an overview of the newest knowledge on potential health effects of prenatal exposure to nitrate.Recent FindingsWe included 13 epidemiological studies conducted since 2017. Nine studies investigated outcomes appearing around birth, and four studies investigated health outcomes appearing in childhood and young adulthood.SummaryThe reviewed studies showed some indications of higher risk of preterm delivery, lower birth weight, birth defects, and childhood cancer related to prenatal exposure to nitrate. However, the numbers of studies for each outcome were sparse, and some of the results were conflicting. We suggest that there is a need for additional studies and particularly for studies that include information on water consumption patterns, intake of nitrate from diet, and intake of nitrosatable drugs.
Laboratory test study on supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing granite: a quantitative review
Authors: Zheng Bowen , Qi Shengwen , Lu Wei , Guo Songfeng , Liang Ning , Yu Xin , Wang Zan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSupercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) fracturing to transform geothermal reservoirs is a new technology in geothermal development, with great prospects. In this paper, the current laboratory test methods and test results of ScCO2 fracturing granite are reviewed, and the breakdown pressure and fracture parameters are discussed, and the existing problems and suggestions are given. The results show that the breakdown pressure of ScCO2 is 19.26–26.99% lower than that of water. The breakdown pressure is positively correlated with confining pressure and injection flow rate, and negatively correlated with temperature. ScCO2 tends to form shear fractures, induce more fracture branches and more complex fracture morphology than other fracturing fluids. Compared with water, the density of fracture branches increased by 17.82–60.54%, and the complexity of fracture morphology increased by about 4%. Existing studies have shown that ScCO2 has the advantages of low breakdown pressure, good fracture formation effect, no pollution and water resource saving. It is suggested that further research should be carried out regarding fracturing fluid properties, laboratory tests, theoretical derivation and engineering application in the future, to accelerate the application process of ScCO2 in deep geothermal development.
Student perceptions of academic misconduct amongst their peers during the rapid transition to remote instruction
Authors: Stoesz Brenda M. , Quesnel Matthew , De Jaeger Amy E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe sudden move from traditional face-to-face teaching and learning to unfamiliar virtual spaces during the early weeks and months of the COVID-19 pandemic demanded many members of educational communities around the world to be flexible and teach and learn outside of their comfort zones. The abruptness of this transition contributed to instructors’ concerns about academic cheating as they could no longer assess learning and monitor student progress using their usual strategies and methods. Students also experienced disruptions to their usual ways of learning, which may have contributed to poor decision-making, including engagement in academic misconduct. The present study examined students’ beliefs about increased engagement in academic misconduct by their peers during the rapid obligatory transition to remote instruction due to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. In January 2021, a retrospective online survey was distributed to students in undergraduate courses. We focused our analyses of the responses from students at a single university in Canada. We found that beliefs of increased cheating depended upon student gender (men vs women), status (domestic vs international), year of study (Years 1/2 vs Years 3 +), and discipline (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics vs Social Sciences and Humanities). These are important findings as they provide insight into the nature of the culture of academic integrity during a stressful and confusing period in postsecondary students’ lives.
Analyzing interconnected processes: using object-centric process mining to analyze procurement processes
Authors: Berti Alessandro , Jessen Urszula , Park Gyunam , Rafiei Majid , van der Aalst Wil M. P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe purchase-to-pay (P2P) process is one of the core business processes in any organization. It ensures the correct and efficient provisioning of materials and services. An efficient P2P process reduces operational costs by ensuring discounts, avoiding late payments, and choosing the optimal supplier for the goods. Process mining techniques help practitioners optimize the execution of P2P processes by analyzing the execution data and providing useful insights. However, existing techniques may result in misleading insights due to many-to-many relationships between business objects, e.g., between orders and invoices in the P2P process. Recently, object-centric process mining techniques have been proposed to avoid the limitations of traditional process mining techniques. In this paper, we present a case study on a real-life P2P process using object-centric process mining techniques. To that end, we adopt the well-known PM$$^{2}$$

2

process mining project methodology to the object-centric setting and analyze the performance and compliance.
The Importance of Hyperspectral Soil Albedo Information for Improving Earth System Model Projections
Authors: Braghiere R. K. , Wang Y. , Gagné‐Landmann A. , Brodrick P. G. , Bloom A. A. , Norton A. J. , Ma S. , Levine P. , Longo M. , Deck K. , Gentine P. , Worden J. R. , Frankenberg C. , Schneider T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEarth system models (ESMs) typically simplify the representation of land surface spectral albedo to two values, which correspond to the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm) and the near infrared (NIR, 700–2,500 nm) spectral bands. However, the availability of hyperspectral observations now allows for a more direct retrieval of ecological parameters and reduction of uncertainty in surface reflectance. To investigate sensitivity and quantify biases of incorporating hyperspectral albedo information into ESMs, we examine how shortwave soil albedo affects surface radiative forcing and simulations of the carbon and water cycles. Results reveal that the use of two broadband values to represent soil albedo can introduce systematic radiative‐forcing differences compared to a hyperspectral representation. Specifically, we estimate soil albedo biases of ±0.2 over desert areas, which can result in spectrally integrated radiative forcing divergences of up to 30 W m−2, primarily due to discrepancies in the blue (404–504 nm) and far‐red (702–747 nm) regions. Furthermore, coupled land‐atmosphere simulations indicate a significant difference in net solar flux at the top of the atmosphere (>3.3 W m−2), which can impact global energy fluxes, rainfall, temperature, and photosynthesis. Finally, simulations show that considering the hyperspectrally resolved soil reflectance leads to increased maximum daily temperatures under current and future CO2 concentrations.
Seismic source identification of the 9 November 2022 Mw 5.5 offshore Adriatic sea (Italy) earthquake from GNSS data and aftershock relocation
Authors: Pezzo G. , Billi A. , Carminati E. , Conti A. , De Gori P. , Devoti R. , Lucente F. P. , Palano M. , Petracchini L. , Serpelloni E. , Tavani S. , Chiarabba C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe fast individuation and modeling of faults responsible for large earthquakes are fundamental for understanding the evolution of potentially destructive seismic sequences. This is even more challenging in case of buried thrusts located in offshore areas, like those hosting the 9 November 2022 Ml 5.7 (Mw 5.5) and ML 5.2 earthquakes that nucleated along the Apennines compressional front, offshore the northern Adriatic Sea. Available on- and offshore (from hydrocarbon platforms) geodetic observations and seismological data provide robust constraints on the rupture of a 15 km long, ca. 24° SSW-dipping fault patch, consistent with seismic reflection data. Stress increase along unruptured portion of the activated thrust front suggests the potential activation of longer portions of the thrust with higher magnitude earthquake and larger surface faulting. This unpleasant scenario needs to be further investigated, also considering their tsunamigenic potential and possible impact on onshore and offshore human communities and infrastructures.
Stratification of diabetes in the context of comorbidities, using representation learning and topological data analysis
Authors: Wamil Malgorzata , Hassaine Abdelaali , Rao Shishir , Li Yikuan , Mamouei Mohammad , Canoy Dexter , Nazarzadeh Milad , Bidel Zeinab , Copland Emma , Rahimi Kazem , Salimi-Khorshidi Gholamreza 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDiabetes is a heterogenous, multimorbid disorder with a large variation in manifestations, trajectories, and outcomes. The aim of this study is to validate a novel machine learning method for the phenotyping of diabetes in the context of comorbidities. Data from 9967 multimorbid patients with a new diagnosis of diabetes were extracted from Clinical Practice Research Datalink. First, using BEHRT (a transformer-based deep learning architecture), the embeddings corresponding to diabetes were learned. Next, topological data analysis (TDA) was carried out to test how different areas in high-dimensional manifold correspond to different risk profiles. The following endpoints were considered when profiling risk trajectories: major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke (CVA), heart failure (HF), renal failure (RF), diabetic neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, reduced visual acuity and all-cause mortality. Kaplan Meier curves were plotted for each derived phenotype. Finally, we tested the performance of an established risk prediction model (QRISK) by adding TDA-derived features. We identified four subgroups of patients with diabetes and divergent comorbidity patterns differing in their risk of future cardiovascular, renal, and other microvascular outcomes. Phenotype 1 (young with chronic inflammatory conditions) and phenotype 2 (young with CAD) included relatively younger patients with diabetes compared to phenotypes 3 (older with hypertension and renal disease) and 4 (older with previous CVA), and those subgroups had a higher frequency of pre-existing cardio-renal diseases. Within ten years of follow-up, 2592 patients (26%) experienced MACE, 2515 patients (25%) died, and 2020 patients (20%) suffered RF. QRISK3 model’s AUC was augmented from 67.26% (CI 67.25–67.28%) to 67.67% (CI 67.66–67.69%) by adding specific TDA-derived phenotype and the distances to both extremities of the TDA graph improving its performance in the prediction of CV outcomes. We confirmed the importance of accounting for multimorbidity when risk stratifying heterogenous cohort of patients with new diagnosis of diabetes. Our unsupervised machine learning method improved the prediction of clinical outcomes.
Photoinduced bidirectional switching in lipid membranes containing azobenzene glycolipids
Authors: Warias Jonas E. , Reise Franziska , Hövelmann Svenja C. , Giri Rajendra P. , Röhrl Michael , Kuhn Jule , Jacobsen Malte , Chatterjee Kuntal , Arnold Thomas , Shen Chen , Festersen Sven , Sartori Andrea , Jordt Philipp , Magnussen Olaf M. , Lindhorst Thisbe K. , Murphy Bridget M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFollowing the reaction of biological membranes to external stimuli reveals fundamental insights into cellular function. Here, self-assembled lipid monolayers act as model membranes containing photoswitchable azobenzene glycolipids for investigating structural response during isomerization by combining Langmuir isotherms with X-ray scattering. Controlled in-situ trans/cis photoswitching of the azobenzene N = N double bond alters the DPPC monolayer structure, causing reproducible changes in surface pressure and layer thickness, indicating monolayer reorientation. Interestingly, for monolayers containing azobenzene glycolipids, along with the expected DPPC phase transitions an additional discontinuity is observed. The associated reorintation represents a crossover point, with the surface pressure and layer thickness changing in opposite directions above and below. This is evidence that the azobenzene glycolipids themselves change orientation within the monolayer. Such behaviour suggests that azobenzene glycolipids can act as a bidirectional switch in DPPC monolayers providing a tool to investigate membrane structure–function relationships in depth.
Effectiveness of a pulsed laser in heat-assisted magnetic recording
Authors: Chen Yifei , Victora R. H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecently, much effort has been directed towards increasing the areal density of heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR). Here, we use our HAMR recording simulation that employs renormalized media parameters to examine the potential use of a pulsed laser instead of a continuous laser. Proper tuning of the synchronization between magnetic and laser pulses yields improved thermal gradients and comparable (or improved) recording performance relative to a continuous laser. Importantly, it also produces less average heat in the media, which is expected to improve near field transducer lifetime. Results also show that the optimized pulsed laser reduces adjacent track erasure relative to a continuous laser, which is important for non-shingled recording.
A novel method for automatically analysing the activity of fast-moving animals: a case study of Callimico goeldii monkeys housed in a zoological garden
Authors: Nieckarz Zenon , Nowicki Jacek , Labocha Karolina , Pawlak Krzysztof 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBehavioural indices are recognised as important criteria for assessing animal welfare. One of the basic animal behaviours included in ethograms is their activity. The assessment of fast-moving animals, performed by humans using the visual observation method, is difficult and not very objective. Therefore, the aim of the research was to develop a method of automated analysis of animal activity, particularly useful in the observation of quick and lively individuals, and to prove its suitability for assessing the behaviour of fast-moving animals. A method of automatically assessing animal activity was developed using digital image analysis, with the Python programming language and the OpenCV library being the foundational tools. The research model was Callimico goeldii monkeys housed in a zoological garden. This method has been proved to correlate well (Rs = 0.76) with the visual method of animal behaviour analysis. The developed automatic evaluation of animal behaviour is many times faster than visual analysis, and it enables precise assessment of the daily activity of fast-moving groups of animals. The use of this system makes it possible to obtain an activity index with sub-second resolution, which allows it to be used in online mode as a detector of abnormal animal activity, e.g. early detection of illnesses or sudden events that are manifested by increased or decreased activity in relation to the standard activity pattern.
Backscattering amplitude in ultrasound localization microscopy
Authors: Renaudin Noemi , Pezet Sophie , Ialy-Radio Nathalie , Demene Charlie , Tanter Mickael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the last decade, Ultrafast ultrasound localisation microscopy has taken non-invasive deep vascular imaging down to the microscopic level. By imaging diluted suspensions of circulating microbubbles in the blood stream at kHz frame rate and localizing the center of their individual point spread function with a sub-resolution precision, it enabled to break the unvanquished trade-off between depth of imaging and resolution by microscopically mapping the microbubbles flux and velocities deep into tissue. However, ULM also suffers limitations. Many small vessels are not visible in the ULM images due to the noise level in areas dimly explored by the microbubbles. Moreover, as the vast majority of studies are performed using 2D imaging, quantification is limited to in-plane velocity or flux measurements which hinders the accurate velocity determination and quantification. Here we show that the backscattering amplitude of each individual microbubble can also be exploited to produce backscattering images of the vascularization with a higher sensitivity compared to conventional ULM images. By providing valuable information about the relative distance of the microbubble to the 2D imaging plane in the out-of-plane direction, backscattering ULM images introduces a physically relevant 3D rendering perception in the vascular maps. It also retrieves the missing information about the out-of-plane motion of microbubbles and provides a way to improve 3D flow and velocity quantification using 2D ULM. These results pave the way to improved visualization and quantification for 2D and 3D ULM.
Development of a prediction model for the depression level of the elderly in low-income households: using decision trees, logistic regression, neural networks, and random forest
Authors: Kim Kyu-Min , Kim Jae-Hak , Rhee Hyun-Sill , Youn Bo-Young 
Published: July 2023

AbstractKorea is showing the fastest trend in the world in population aging; there is a high interest in the elderly population nationwide. Among the common chronic diseases, the elderly tends to have a high incidence of depression. That said, it has been vital to focus on preventing depression in the elderly in advance. Hence, this study aims to select the factors related to depression in low-income seniors identified in previous studies and to develop a prediction model. In this study, 2975 elderly people from low-income families were extracted using the 13th-year data of the Korea Welfare Panel Study (2018). Decision trees, logistic regression, neural networks, and random forest were applied to develop a predictive model among the numerous data mining techniques. In addition, the wrapper’s stepwise backward elimination, which finds the optimal model by removing the least relevant factors, was applied. The evaluation of the model was confirmed via accuracy. It was verified that the final prediction model, in the case of a decision tree, showed the highest predictive power with an accuracy of 97.3%. Second, psychological factors, leisure life satisfaction, social support, subjective health awareness, and family support ranked higher than demographic factors influencing depression. Based on the results, an approach focused on psychological support is much needed to manage depression in low-income seniors. As predicting depression in the elderly varies on numerous influencing factors, using a decision tree may be beneficial to establish a firm prediction model to identify vital factors causing depression in the elderly population.
Role of raising the upper limb of the non-rising side when performing rising movements from bed
Authors: Hirata K. , Hanawa H. , Miyazawa T. , Kubota K. , Yokoyama M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRising movements from bed comprise an important aspect of recovery from the bedridden state; however, they have not been sufficiently investigated using motion analysis studies. In particular, the effect of using the upper limb of the non-rising side before waist flexion on rising movements remains to be analyzed; this study aimed to clarify this effect. Accordingly, motion analyses were performed on rising movements under two constraint conditions, namely raising the upper limb of the non-rising side (upper limb use-condition) and keeping it in contact with the pelvis (upper limb non-use-condition); subsequently, the kinematics and kinematics parameters were compared. In comparison with the upper limb use-condition, in the upper limb non-use-condition, the distance traveled by the center of mass of the body (CoM trajectory, p < 0.01) increased while switching from the half-side-lying to on-hand postures, horizontal body movement (movement speed (Normalized time/total time), p < 0.01 and weight of center of body mass (CoM momentum in horizontal plane), p < 0.05) during the same period increased, and the half-side-lying time approached the peak value of the waist flexion angular velocity (Time lag between from half-side-lying to waist angler peak velocity, p < 0.05). The compensatory movement that occurred due to the upper limb non-use-condition denoted an increase in body momentum in the horizontal direction, rather than in the sagittal plane. Therefore, the upper limb on the non-rising side contributed to the smooth movement of the body in the horizontal direction. Moreover, this study demonstrated that asymmetrical rising movement in the diagonal direction is a characteristic movement wherein the horizontal movement of the body constitutes the main movement.
Low‐complexity unsupervised learning‐based hybrid precoding for massive MIMO systems
Authors: Liu Xiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHybrid precoding can significantly reduce the number of required radio frequency (RF) chains in massive MIMO systems. However, due to the large number of antennas and the high‐dimensional channel, the existing hybrid precoding algorithms usually require very high complexity. In this paper, we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based hybrid precoding scheme by utilizing unsupervised learning to reduce both the computational complexity and space complexity. Specifically, we first design a low‐complexity CNN structure to achieve the analog precoder, where the size of the convolution kernel and the number of channels are reduced by the further improved inception network. Then, we obtain the digital precoder by the classical zero‐forcing (ZF) algorithm. Simulation results show that, the proposed CNN‐based hybrid precoding can approach the sum‐rate performance of the classical two‐stage hybrid precoding but has much lower complexity.