bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paediatric Obesity Evaluation for Metabolic Susceptibility (POEMS)
Authors: Chan Daniel , Chua Cherie , Loh Carin , Sultana Rehena , Vasanwala Rashida Farhad 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionOur aim was to determine whether there are risk factors which increase the risk of developing dysglycemia in a child who has increased body mass index (BMI) (overweight/obese).Research design and methodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of 715 children who had increased BMI (overweight/obese). They presented to tertiary care at KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, for metabolic risk assessment. Subjects who had more than one oral glucose tolerance test were included in order to track and analyze risk factors associated with worsening glycemic status from a previously normal glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) state. Demographic characteristics, birth history, family history of metabolic syndrome, metabolic comorbidities, and interventions received were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to determine odds ratio (OR) of worsening glycemic status progression in association with an analyzed variable, adjusted for intervention received.ResultsRisk factors of developing dysglycemia can be present right from birth, as participants who were born preterm had increased odds of IGT (OR: 3.49 (1.10 to 11.03)), and a greater proportion of large-for-gestational-age (LGA)/small-for-gestational-age (SGA) babies had dysglycemia (SGA-IGT: 8.8%, SGA-diabetes mellitus (DM): 5.9%, LGA-IGT: 10.6%, LGA-DM: 11.8%) even at baseline. Being born preterm (OR: 3.49 (1.10 to 11.03)), with comorbidities of hypertension (OR: 1.61 (1.01 to 2.57)), hyperlipidemia (OR: 1.80 (1.19 to 2.72)), and fatty liver disease (OR: 2.08 (1.39 to 3.13)), was significantly associated with an increased OR of developing IGT. Risk factors for developing a worsening glycemic status, either to IGT or DM, included age >10 years (OR 4.94 (1.21 to 20.25)), BMI rise (OR 1.71 (1.17 to 2.49)), BMI increase >1.08 kg/m2(OR 1.71 (1.16 to 2.51)), comorbidities of hyperlipidemia (OR 1.67 (1.12 to 2.50)), and fatty liver disease (OR 2.11 (1.43 to 3.12)).ConclusionsA child who has increased BMI (overweight/obese) and possesses risk factors for worsening glycemic status, if intervened with routine lifestyle modification advice, may still have increased risk of developing dysglycemia and type 2 DM. Therefore, understanding their risk profile provides opportunities to have a tiered and individualized approach.
Case studies in adaptation: centring equity in global health education during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond
Authors: Pancheshnikov Anna , Cuneo C Nicholas , Matias Wilfredo R , Cázares-Adame Rebeca , Santos López Abner Gamaliel , Paxton Ryan M , Chen Chi Chiung Grace 
Published: April 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted all aspects of life globally and laid bare the pervasive inequities in access to education, employment, healthcare and economic security in both high-resource and low-resource settings. The global health field’s brittle attempts of addressing global health inequities, through efforts that in some cases have evoked the colonialist forces implicated in shaping these disparities, have been further challenged by the pandemic. COVID-19 has forced global health leaders to reimagine their field through innovation such as shifting the application of global health to a local focus, collaborating with community organisations and exploring virtual education technologies. We present four case studies illustrating this promising movement towards a more sustainable, ethical and equitable model of global health education practice.Case 1: trainees from the Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Global Health partnered with the Board of Health of Holyoke, a majority Latinx city with high poverty levels, to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic through research and intervention. Case 2: Prevencasa, a community health organisation in Tijuana, Mexico, providing healthcare to local underserved communities, shifted its focus from hosting international trainees to developing a multidisciplinary training programme for Mexican healthcare professionals. Case 3: the Johns Hopkins Global Health Leadership Program adapted its curriculum into a hybrid online and in-person migrant health and human rights elective, collaborating with local organisations. Case 4: a US-based and a Latin American-based organisation collaborated to create a longitudinal, virtual urogynaecology training programme with hybrid simulation practice to increase accessibility of procedural-based training.
Diagnostic models predicting paediatric viral acute respiratory infections: a systematic review
Authors: Rankin Danielle A , Peetluk Lauren S , Deppen Stephen , Slaughter James Christopher , Katz Sophie , Halasa Natasha B , Khankari Nikhil K 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesTo systematically review and evaluate diagnostic models used to predict viral acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in children.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesPubMed and Embase were searched from 1 January 1975 to 3 February 2022.Eligibility criteriaWe included diagnostic models predicting viral ARIs in children (<18 years) who sought medical attention from a healthcare setting and were written in English. Prediction model studies specific to SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children were excluded.Data extraction and synthesisStudy screening, data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. Study characteristics, including population, methods and results, were extracted and evaluated for bias and applicability using the Checklist for Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies and PROBAST (Prediction model Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool).ResultsOf 7049 unique studies screened, 196 underwent full text review and 18 were included. The most common outcome was viral-specific influenza (n=7; 58%). Internal validation was performed in 8 studies (44%), 10 studies (56%) reported discrimination measures, 4 studies (22%) reported calibration measures and none performed external validation. According to PROBAST, a high risk of bias was identified in the analytic aspects in all studies. However, the existing studies had minimal bias concerns related to the study populations, inclusion and modelling of predictors, and outcome ascertainment.ConclusionsDiagnostic prediction can aid clinicians in aetiological diagnoses of viral ARIs. External validation should be performed on rigorously internally validated models with populations intended for model application.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022308917.
Danish Pathology Life Course (PATHOLIFE) cohort: a register based cohort extending upon a national tissue biobank
Authors: Nielsen Pernille Yde , Bartholdy Andreas , Gjerdrum Lise Mette Rahbek , Westendorp Rudi Gerardus Johannes , Mortensen Laust Hvas , Bhatt Samir , Jensen Majken Karoline 
Published: April 2023

PurposeThe Danish Pathology Life Course (PATHOLIFE) cohort was established to facilitate epidemiological research relating histological and cytological features extracted from patient tissue specimens to the rich life course histories, including both prior and future register data, of the entire Danish population. Research results may increase quality of diagnosis, prognosis and stratification of patient subtypes, possibly identifying novel routes of treatment.ParticipantsAll Danish residents from 1 January 1986 to 31 December 2019, totalling 8 593 421 individuals.Findings to dateWe provide an overview of the subpopulation of Danish residents who have had a tissue specimen investigated within the Danish healthcare system, including both the primary sector and hospitals. We demonstrate heterogeneity in sociodemographic and prognostic factors between the general Danish population and the above mentioned subpopulation, and also between the general Danish population and subpopulations of patients with tissue specimens from selected anatomical sites. Results demonstrate the potential of the PATHOLIFE cohort for integrating many different factors into identification and selection of the most valuable tissue blocks for studies of specific diseases and their progression. Broadly, we find that living with a partner, having higher education and income associates with having a biopsy overall. However, this association varies across different tissue and patient types, which also display differences in time-to-death and causes of death.Future plansThe PATHOLIFE cohort may be used to study specified patient groups and link health related events from several national health registries, and to sample patient groups, for which stored tissue specimens are available for further research investigations. The PATHOLIFE cohort thereby provides a unique opportunity to prospectively follow people that were characterised and sampled in the past.
Association of lactate detection with in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with acute myocardial infarction: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Hongwu , Chen Jingyi , Xing Xinyue , Lou Danfei 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesTo assess the associations of lactate level or lactate clearance at different time points with in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).DesignA cohort study.SettingThe Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III database.Participant490 AMI patients.InterventionNone.Primary and secondary outcome measuresIn-hospital mortality of patients.ResultsIn total, 120 (24.49%) patients died at the end of follow-up. After adjusting for confounders, increased risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI was observed in those with high lactate level (24 hours) (HR=1.156, 95%CI: 1.002 to 1.333). Increased lactate clearance (24 hours) was correlated with a decreased risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI (HR=0.995, 95% CI: 0.994 to 0.997). The area under the curves (AUCs) of lactate level (24 hours) and lactate clearance (24 hours) were 0.689 (95% CI: 0.655 to 0.723) and 0.672 (95% CI: 0.637 to 0.706), respectively. The AUC of lactate level (24 hours) and lactate clearance (24 hours) was higher than lactate level (baseline).ConclusionsIncreased lactate level (24 hours) was associated with an elevated risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI and increased lactate clearance (24 hours) was correlated with a decreased risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI despite the age and genders.
Cohort study examining associations between ceramide levels and risk of multimorbidity among persons participating in the Mayo Clinic Biobank
Authors: St Sauver Jennifer L , LeBrasseur Nathan K , Rocca Walter A , Olson Janet E , Bielinski Suzette J , Sohn Sunghwan , Weston Susan A , McGree Michaela E , Mielke Michelle M 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveCeramides have been associated with several ageing-related conditions but have not been studied as a general biomarker of multimorbidity (MM). Therefore, we determined whether ceramide levels are associated with the rapid development of MM.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingMayo Clinic Biobank.Participants1809 persons in the Mayo Clinic Biobank ≥65 years without MM at the time of enrolment, and with ceramide levels assayed from stored plasma.Primary outcome measurePersons were followed for a median of 5.7 years through their medical records to identify new diagnoses of 20 chronic conditions. The number of new conditions was divided by the person-years of follow-up to calculate the rate of accumulation of new chronic conditions.ResultsHigher levels of C18:0 and C20:0 were associated with a more rapid rate of accumulation of chronic conditions (C18:0 z score RR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.53; C20:0 z score RR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.49). Higher C18:0 and C20:0 levels were also associated with an increased risk of hypertension and coronary artery disease.ConclusionsC18:0 and C20:0 were associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic conditions. When combined with biomarkers specific to other diseases of ageing, these ceramides may be a useful component of a biomarker panel for predicting accelerated ageing.
Job satisfaction in sport science and sports medicine, an international cross-sectional survey
Authors: Breitbach Anthony Paul , Ulrich Gert 
Published: April 2023

Background/AimJob satisfaction (JS) and professional burnout among health professionals have been shown to affect several factors: healthcare quality, patient safety, patient satisfaction, turnover/reduction of work effort, healthcare costs and other personal consequences. In general, factors that impact JS for health professionals include professional autonomy, workplace conditions, rewards/recognition, compensation and work–life balance. However, less is known about JS of professions working in sport science and sports medicine (SSSM) especially from an international perspective. This paper addresses JS among SSSM professionals in an international context.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study design, the Interprofessional Collaboration (IPC) in SSSM survey, an online survey which included the Warr-Cook-Wall JS questionnaire for international respondents working in fields associated with SSSM, was distributed globally to persons working in SSSM. Data from 320 respondents with complete data sets from USA (n=83), Canada (n=179) and Europe (n=58) were collected.ResultsHigh values were detected in the overall JS of the total sample with some differences in variables relevant for JS internationally and a relationship between positive perceptions of IPC and overall JS. The most important determinant for overall JS in professionals working in SSSM is the opportunity to use abilities.ConclusionJS has an important influence on the work and services provided by SSSM professionals and experience with IPC can have a positive effect on JS which, in turn, can improve quality of life for clients, patients and professionals. Employers should regard most impactful determinants of overall JS when designing working conditions for their employees.
Isopropyl alcohol inhalation for the treatment of nausea in adult emergency department patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Stefanie Y , Tamale John R 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundNausea and vomiting is a common ED chief complaint. However, randomised trials comparing antiemetic agents to placebo have not demonstrated superiority. This systematic review investigates the efficacy of inhaled isopropyl alcohol (IPA) compared with usual care or placebo in adults presenting to the ED with nausea and vomiting.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, other relevant trial registries, journals, and conference proceedings up to September 2022. Randomised controlled trials using IPA to treat adult ED patients with nausea and vomiting were included. The primary outcome was change in severity of nausea, measured by a validated scale. A secondary outcome was vomiting during the ED stay. We used a random-effects model for the meta-analysis, and assessed certainty of evidence using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system.ResultsTwo trials comparing inhaled IPA to saline placebo and including a total of 195 patients were pooled for meta-analysis of the primary outcome. A third study comparing a group receiving inhaled IPA and oral ondansetron to another group receiving inhaled saline placebo and oral ondansetron did not qualify for the original registered protocol, but was included in a secondary analysis. All studies were judged to be at low or unclear risk of bias. The pooled mean difference for the primary analysis was a reduction in reported nausea of 2.18 on a 0–10 scale (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.60 to 2.76), favouring IPA over placebo, where the minimum clinically significant difference was defined as 1.5. The evidence level was graded as moderate, due to imprecision from low patient numbers. Only the study included in the secondary analysis assessed the secondary outcome of vomiting, and did not find a difference between intervention and control.ConclusionThis review suggests that IPA likely has a modest effect in reducing nausea in adult ED patients, compared with placebo. Larger multicentre trials are needed, as the evidence is limited by few trials and patients.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022299815
Intratumor childhood vaccine-specific CD4+T-cell recall coordinates antitumor CD8+T cells and eosinophils
Authors: Brown Michael C , Beasley Georgia M , McKay Zachary P , Yang Yuanfan , Desjardins Annick , Randazzo Dina M , Landi Daniel , Ashley David M , Bigner Darell D , Nair Smita K , Gromeier Matthias 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundAntitumor mechanisms of CD4+T cells remain crudely defined, and means to effectively harness CD4+T-cell help for cancer immunotherapy are lacking. Pre-existing memory CD4+T cells hold potential to be leveraged for this purpose. Moreover, the role of pre-existing immunity in virotherapy, particularly recombinant poliovirus immunotherapy where childhood polio vaccine specific immunity is ubiquitous, remains unclear. Here we tested the hypothesis that childhood vaccine-specific memory T cells mediate antitumor immunotherapy and contribute to the antitumor efficacy of polio virotherapy.MethodsThe impact of polio immunization on polio virotherapy, and the antitumor effects of polio and tetanus recall were tested in syngeneic murine melanoma and breast cancer models. CD8+T-cell and B-cell knockout, CD4+T-cell depletion, CD4+T-cell adoptive transfer, CD40L blockade, assessments of antitumor T-cell immunity, and eosinophil depletion defined antitumor mechanisms of recall antigens. Pan-cancer transcriptome data sets and polio virotherapy clinical trial correlates were used to assess the relevance of these findings in humans.ResultsPrior vaccination against poliovirus substantially bolstered the antitumor efficacy of polio virotherapy in mice, and intratumor recall of poliovirus or tetanus immunity delayed tumor growth. Intratumor recall antigens augmented antitumor T-cell function, caused marked tumor infiltration of type 2 innate lymphoid cells and eosinophils, and decreased proportions of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Antitumor effects of recall antigens were mediated by CD4+T cells, limited by B cells, independent of CD40L, and dependent on eosinophils and CD8+T cells. An inverse relationship between eosinophil and Treg signatures was observed across The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cancer types, and eosinophil depletion prevented Treg reductions after polio recall. Pretreatment polio neutralizing antibody titers were higher in patients living longer, and eosinophil levels increased in the majority of patients, after polio virotherapy.ConclusionPre-existing anti-polio immunity contributes to the antitumor efficacy of polio virotherapy. This work defines cancer immunotherapy potential of childhood vaccines, reveals their utility to engage CD4+T-cell help for antitumor CD8+T cells, and implicates eosinophils as antitumor effectors of CD4+T cells.
Precessing and periodic orbits around hairy black holes in Horndeski’s Theory
Authors: Lin Hou-Yu , Deng Xue-Mei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe investigate the dynamics of neutral timelike particles around a hairy black hole in Horndeski’s theory, which is characterized by a coupling parameter with the dimension of length. With deriving the particles’ relativistic periastron precessions, a preliminary bound on the hairy black hole is obtained by using the result of the S2 star’s precession with GRAVITY. It is tighter than the previous result constrained by the shadow size from EHT observations of M87* by about 3–4 orders of magnitude. We also analyse the particles’ periodic motions around the hole in the strong gravitational field. It clearly shows that small variations in the coupling parameter can make the neutral particles’ motions back and forth from the quasi-periodic orbits to the periodic orbits or no bound orbit. Our present work might provide hints for distinguishing the hairy black hole in Horndeski’s theory from the classical hole by using the particles’ dynamics in the strong gravitational field.
Automating Library Migrations with Error Prone and Refaster
Authors: Ossendrijver Rick , Schroevers Stephan , Grelck Clemens 
Published: April 2023

Software projects use a significant number of external libraries to speed up development and deliver high-quality software in a cost-effective way. Requirements placed on external libraries can change over time and libraries may cease to be maintained or evolve in incompatible ways. Consequently, a library may no longer be fit for purpose and require replacement. Such a
library migration
is generally performed manually and may be complex, error-prone, and time-consuming, especially for large codebases. It follows that an automated approach to library migrations is preferred.

We consider the suitability of Error Prone and Refaster, two Google tools capable of refactoring Java programs, for automated library migration. For validation we consider a migration in a proprietary industrial codebase as well as an actively developed open source codebase. We show that using out-of-the-box Error Prone and Refaster full migration of RxJava 2-referencing files is possible in only 35% and 0% of such files, respectively.
To increase the capabilities and be able to migrate more Rx-Java 2-referencing files completely, we create extensions to Error Prone and Refaster. Therefore we propose and create extensions that improve the accuracy with which Refaster templates are matched, as well as the correctness of their replacement operations. We additionally propose a set of Error Prone extensions to facilitate rewriting method return types. Together they enable a new class of rewrite operations especially relevant to library migrations. Lastly, several generalizations and improvements of existing Error Prone plugins are discussed. Together these improvements enable a new class of rewrite operations, especially relevant to library migrations. Using the proposed extensions, we manage to fully migrate an additional 35% of the RxJava 2-referencing files in the industrial codebase, and an initial 39% of such files in the open source codebase.