bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative association between triglyceride glucose index and BMI-adjusted skeletal muscle mass index in hypertensive adults
Authors: Zhu Qingqing , Zhang Ting , Cheang Iokfai , Lu Xinyi , Shi Mengsha , Zhu Xu , Liao Shengen , Gao Rongrong , Li Xinli , Yao Wenming 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, an indicator of insulin resistance, is often associated with adverse outcomes in various cardiovascular diseases, while hypertension is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. As the loss of muscle mass in people with hypertension is poorly understood, the current study aimed to explore the relationship between TyG index and muscle mass in hypertensive population.

Methods
We analyzed data from hypertensive adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018. The TyG index and body mass index (BMI)-adjusted skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) were calculated and the relationship between the two was evaluated using multivariable linear regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression models.

Results
A total of 1633 participants in the dataset were included for the final analysis. In the multivariable regression analysis, the adjusted β of SMI with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for the highest TyG index quartile was − 5.27 (− 9.79 to − 0.75), compared with the lowest quartile. A negative linear relationship between TyG index and SMI was plotted by RCS regression (nonlinear P = 0.128). Stratified models of non-smoking women of different ages also demonstrated that SMI decreased as TyG index increased (all P for trend < 0.05).

Conclusion
This linear and negative correlation between TyG index and SMI in hypertensive patients suggests that insulin resistance adversely affects muscle mass.
Predictors of unplanned hospital readmission after non-cardiac surgery in Singapore: a 2-year retrospective review
Authors: Low Zhao Kai , Liew Lydia , Chua Vanessa , Chew Sophia , Ti Lian Kah 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Unplanned hospital readmissions after surgery contribute significantly to healthcare costs and potential complications. Identifying predictors of readmission is inherently complex and involves an intricate interplay between medical factors, healthcare system factors and sociocultural factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the predictors of readmissions in an Asian surgical patient population.

Methods
A two-year single-institution retrospective cohort study of 2744 patients was performed in a university-affiliated tertiary hospital in Singapore, including patients aged 45 and above undergoing intermediate or high-risk non-cardiac surgery. Unadjusted analysis was first performed, followed by multivariable logistic regression.

Results
Two hundred forty-nine patients (9.1%) had unplanned 30-day readmissions. Significant predictors identified from multivariable analysis include: American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) Classification grades 3 to 5 (adjusted OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.10–2.08, p = 0.01), obesity (adjusted OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.18–2.34, p = 0.04), asthma (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.03–2.81, p = 0.04), renal disease (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.41–2.92, p < 0.001), malignancy (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.29–2.37, p < 0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.19–5.11, p = 0.02), cerebrovascular disease (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.17–2.58, p < 0.001) and anaemia (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.07–1.96, p = 0.02).

Conclusion
Several significant predictors of unplanned readmissions identified in this Asian surgical population corroborate well with findings from Western studies. Further research will require future prospective studies and development of predictive risk modelling to further address and mitigate this phenomenon.
Rape survivors’ experience in Tigray: a qualitative study
Authors: Gebremichael Mengistu Welday , Gebremariam Birhane , Mitiku Mengistu , Hadush Znabu , Tesfay Bisrat , Gerezgiher Alemseged , Alemu Muauz Gidey 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction
As consequences of war, women and girls are the most likely segment of society to be impacted by violence. War also affects the critical facilities and makes the situation worse as victims cannot get the vital basic services. According to media and unpublished reports, Tigrayan women have been victimized by gang rape and sexual violence. Furthermore, there is substantive evidence of intentional destruction and vandalization of health facilities due to the one-year-old-armed conflict. This study aimed to explore experiences of rape survivors in areas hit by armed conflict in the Tigray region of Ethiopia.

Methods
In this qualitative study, a phenomenological study design was employed among Tigrayan sexual assault survivors in a war-ravaged of Tigray. Survivors were selected purposively and included in the study for an in-depth interview. An interview guide was used to collect the data. Audio records from the in-depth interviews in Tigrigna were transcribed verbatim and then translated into English for analysis. Atlas-ti 7 software was used to code the interview transcripts of the qualitative data, and categorizations and thematizing of the codes were done. Direct quotes were used to describe categories or themes.

Results
Ten women who were survivors of sexual violence and rape related to the war in Tigray participated in the interview. The age of the women ranged between 16 and 30 years with a mean age of 21.7. Among the participants, five were teenagers, six were single and/or economically dependent on their family or husband, and two did not attend any school and were not able to read and write. This study has generated five major thematic areas: (1) infliction of long-lasting trauma on children (2) effects of the rape (3) means of escaping from rape and killings (4) home remedies as means of life saving in war affected areas, and (5) beyond rape.

Conclusions
Rape in war-stricken Tigray has been widespread which includes teenagers and it caused immense psychological and physical damage to the survivors and their families. Damage of critical facilities such as the absence of safe houses for survivors and health services was an added complexity to the victims of rape. Hence, a coordinated effort by the government of Tigray and international partners is required to heal, support and rehabilitate the victims and rebuild the damaged health institutions and reequip the health facilities.
Diagnosis of PTEN mosaicism: the relevance of additional tumor DNA sequencing. A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Cavaillé Mathias , Crampon Delphine , Achim Viorel , Bubien Virginie , Uhrhammer Nancy , Privat Maud , Ponelle-Chachuat Flora , Gay-Bellile Mathilde , Lepage Mathis , Ouedraogo Zangbéwendé Guy , Jones Natalie , Bidet Yannick , Sevenet Nicolas , Bignon Yves-Jean 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPTEN hamartoma syndrome (PHTS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by pathogenic variants in the tumor suppressor gene phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). It is associated with an increased risk of muco-cutaneous features, hamartomatous tumors, and cancers. Mosaicism has been found in a few cases of patients with de novo PHTS, identified from blood samples. We report a PHTS patient with no variant identified from blood sample. Constitutional PTEN mosaicism was detected through sequencing of DNA from different tumoral and non-tumoral samples.Case presentationOur patient presented clinical Cowden syndrome at 56 years of age, with three major criteria (macrocephaly, Lhermitte Duclos disease, oral papillomatosis), and two minor criteria (structural thyroid lesions, esophageal glycogenic acanthosis). Deep sequencing ofPTENof blood leukocytes did not reveal any pathogenic variants. Exploration of tumoral (colonic ganglioneuroma, esophageal papilloma, diapneusia fibroids) and non-tumoral stomach tissues found the samePTENpathogenic variant (NM_000314.4 c.389G > A; p.(Arg130Gln)), with an allelic frequency of 12 to 59%, confirming genomic mosaicism for Cowden syndrome.ConclusionsThis case report, and review of the literature, suggests that systematic tumor analysis is essential for patients presentingPTENhamartoma syndrome in the absence of any causal variant identified in blood leukocytes, despite deep sequencing. In 65 to 70% of cases of clinical Cowden syndrome, no pathogenic variant in thePTENis observed in blood samples: mosaicism may explain a significant number of these patients. Tumor analysis would improve our knowledge of the frequency of de novo variations in this syndrome. Finally, patients with mosaicism forPTENmay not have a mild phenotype; medical care identical to that of heterozygous carriers should be offered.
Percutaneous treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm and aortic valve stenosis with ‘staged’ EVAR and TAVR: a case series
Authors: Medda Massimo , Casilli Francesco , Bande Marta , Glauber Mattia , Tespili Maurizio , Cirri Silvia , Donatelli Francesco 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSymptomatic aortic valve stenosis (AS) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) are critical clinical conditions, increasingly more prevalent with aging of the population. Calcific aortic stenosis is the most common structural cardiac disease in the elderly population, and medical management of severe aortic stenosis of the elderly population is associated with poor outcomes as compared to surgical treatment. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a treatment of choice in inoperable, often elderly, patients with symptomatic severe AS and in intermediate-to-high surgical risk patients. It is not yet clarified the incidence of AAA and its impact on procedural and clinical outcomes among patients undergoing TAVR. It is known that after AS resolution with aortic valve replacement or TAVR there is an increase in blood pressure that increases the risk of dissection or abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture if AAA repair is delayed. The purpose of this report is to describe the anatomical details and technical and procedural considerations when proposing totally endovascular strategies dedicated to the treatment of patients with AS and AAA.
Factors affecting the acceptance of tele-psychiatry: a scoping study
Authors: Izadi Reyhane , Bahrami Mohammad Amin , Khosravi Mohsen , Delavari Sajad 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
In today’s digital world, providing services through telemedicine has become an essential issue in health systems, and the Covid-19 pandemic has made this necessity even more apparent. On the other hand, mental health services are needed more than ever, and their nature makes their delivery via telemedicine more feasible than other specialized services. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the acceptance of telemedicine among users of this technology in the field of mental health.

Methods
This article is a scoping review based on the PRISMA guidelines and without any time limit until June 20, 2022. The search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases using keywords related to the three fields of telemedicine, acceptance, and mental disorders. Two authors independently selected the studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then the data were collected using a data extraction form, and finally, the results were determined using the content analysis method.

Results
Five main factors affect the acceptance of telemedicine among users of this technology in the field of mental health: perceived effectiveness, users’ understanding of the effects of telemedicine on the quality and outcomes of care delivery, technological aspects, organizational change capacity, the nature of the disease and psychological and psychosocial factors. These main factors are associated with 21 related sub-factors.

Conclusions
Revealing the factors affecting the acceptance of telemedicine among recipients and providers of services, as key actors in health systems, can help managers and policymakers to successfully implement telemedicine in the less-regarded field of mental health, especially in the early stages.
Developing behavioural activation for people with acquired brain injury: a qualitative interpretive description study of barriers and facilitators to activity engagement
Authors: Kusec Andrea , Methley Abigail , Murphy Fionnuala C. , Peers Polly V. , Carmona Estela , Manly Tom 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Acquired brain injuries (ABI) from stroke, head injury, or resected brain tumours are associated with poor emotional wellbeing and heightened risk of mood disorder. Common sequalae of ABI, such as poor attention and memory, can create barriers to the efficacy of cognitively demanding mood interventions, such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). Behavioural Activation (BA), where individuals plan and engage in reinforcing activities, is a promising alternative due to lower cognitive demands. However, BA was initially developed in clinical populations without ABI where the primary barriers to activity engagement were low mood and anxious avoidance. Additionally, BA can incorporate a range of techniques (e.g., mood monitoring, activity scheduling, targeting avoidance, contingency management) and psychoeducational topics (e.g., mindfulness, managing uncertainty; social/communication skills). Exploring barriers and facilitators to adopting specific BA components in ABI is an important aim.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with purposively selected ABI survivors (N = 16) with both low and high depressive symptoms, and family members (N = 7). Questions focused on routine and enjoyable activities, and feedback on 10 different BA techniques and associated psychoeducational topics. Transcripts were analysed using an interpretive description framework. Analysis was informed by field notes, reflexivity diaries, and peer debriefing.

Results
The final constructed framework, Creating Sustainable Engagement, comprises a two-tier hierarchy. Higher-level themes concerned core perspectives of BA, regardless of BA component discussed. This included identifying optimal time windows for different BA components (Right Tool at the Right Time), that BA components should, at least initially, not be burdensome or fatiguing (Perceived Effort), that emotional readiness to confront activity-mood relationships should be addressed (Emotional Impact), and that planned BA activities be consistent with individual values (Relation to Values). Lower-level themes concerned specific BA components: Of these, activity scheduling, procedures targeting avoidance, managing uncertainty and social/communication skills were generally well-received, while mood monitoring, contingency management, and mindfulness had mixed feedback.

Conclusions
BA is a widely scalable intervention that can be adapted for ABI. This study provides a novel framework on implementing a range of BA components in ABI and adds to the limited evidence on which components may be particularly suitable.
Application of Moyer’s mixed dentition analysis and establishing probability tables in a sample of Pakistani population
Authors: Rehan Syeda Areeba , Imtiaz Roofia , Mustafa Sabeen , Saleh Aimal 
Published: July 2023

Objective: To assess the congruity of Moyers’ dental analysis in Pakistani individuals and to make tables foreseeing the size of non-erupted permanent premolars and canines in children.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Orthodontics Department of Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry (AFID) Rawalpindi, Pakistan. This was conducted from January 2020 to December 2021 and included mixed dentition subjects’ casts. Mesiodistal widths (MDW) of the permanent dentition were estimated and contrasted with the anticipated values that emerged from the Moyer’s mixed dentition examination. Students t-test, simple linear regression and Pearson correlation coefficient examination were utilized for statistical correlation. All data was gathered utilizing an electronic digital caliper and further investigated through IBM SPSS Statistics 24.
Results: Dental casts of the 258 subjects, 106 (41%) males and 152 (58.9%) females with the ages ranging 15.825±2.95 years were analyzed. Tooth size contrasts were significant (p <0.05) which was noticed in comparison to Moyer’s predictive table. This demonstrates a bigger tooth size in young men than in young ladies. New probability tables were created through linear regression equations for our population.
Conclusion: Moyer’s prediction cannot be applied to the Pakistani population. Mandibular incisors in addition to maxillary first molars are superior in prediction for the size assessment of canines and premolars (cp) that are unerupted in males and upper arch only in females. Another noteworthy conclusion is that in our study sample, in lower arch of females, the width of mandibular molars with mandibular incisors predicts better.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.6380
How to cite this: Rehan SA, Imtiaz R, Mustafa S, Saleh A. Application of Moyer’s mixed dentition analysis and establishing probability tables in a sample of Pakistani population. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.6380
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Methionine metabolism and endocrine function of the pituitary gland in patients with suprasellar germinoma
Authors: Lee Hwanhee , Lee Ji Won , Cho Hee Won , Choe Yearn Seong , Lee Kyung-Han , Choi Joon Young , Sung Ki Woong , Moon Seung Hwan 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between methionine (MET) metabolism and endocrine function of the pituitary gland in patients with suprasellar region tumor.

Materials and methods
Twenty patients with intracranial germinoma were included in this study. Initial staging and all surveillance MET PET/CT scans and comparable serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups according to tumor location, with tumors in the suprasellar region (condition) or not (control). MET uptake of the pituitary gland (i.e., SUVR [standardized uptake value ratio]) and levels of FSH, LH, TSH were compared in the condition and control groups and in the before and after treatment phases of each group.

Results
The SUVR in the control group was like that found in normal pituitary glands in previous studies, whereas the SUVR of the untreated condition group was high and that of treated condition group was low with significance compared to the control group. Serum levels of pituitary hormones in before and after treatment condition groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. The FSH and LH levels of curatively treated patients in the control group were positively correlated with SUVR with respective ß values of 3.71 and 0.98 (p < .001). The TSH level of the treated condition group was negatively correlated with SUVR (ß = -1.02, p < .001).

Conclusion
This study is the first known investigation to examine the association between MET metabolism and endocrine function of the pituitary gland, and it confirmed that MET metabolism reflects endocrine function. A future study validating the result of correlation analysis is warranted.
A prospective cohort study of the impact of chronic disease on fall injuries in middle-aged and older adults
Authors: Yang Xue , Li Longxin , Xie Fang , Wang Zhang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This cohort study investigated the impact of chronic diseases on fall risk in middle-aged and older individuals, offering insights for fall prevention strategies. Analysing data from 4,670 participants aged 40+ years, we used a Cox proportional risk model to assess chronic disease types, numbers, and interactions with other factors on fall injury risk across age groups. Results showed that middle-aged adults with respiratory diseases had a 26% increased fall risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.48), and a linear dose–response relationship was observed between chronic disease number and fall risk (p < 0.001). The study also examined interaction effects of chronic diseases with gender, disability, and fall injury history. Female middle-aged and older adults with chronic diseases had a 67% higher fall risk than their male counterparts without chronic diseases (HR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.36–1.88). In conclusion, chronically ill middle-aged and older adults have a higher fall risk, with high-risk groups including women, those with chronic diseases, and individuals with fall injury history. Fall prevention efforts should target middle-aged adults as well.
Improvement in neck ultrasound report quality following the implementation of European Thyroid Association guidelines for postoperative cervical ultrasound for thyroid cancer follow-up, a prospective population study
Authors: Wu Jiahui , Hu Xunyang , Seal Paula , Amin Parthiv , Diederichs Brendan , Paschke Ralf 
Published: July 2023

Objective
The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the quality of postoperative neck ultrasound (POU) for thyroid cancer patients after implementing European Thyroid Association (ETA) guideline-based POU assessment.

Methods
Our analysis involved 672 differentiated thyroid cancer patients. POU report quality was compared between the implementation radiology group (IRG), which implemented ETA guideline-based assessment in 2018, and all non-implementation radiology groups (NIRG). Differences in POU quality were evaluated before and after the implementation of guideline-based assessment. Additionally, we evaluated the ability of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) level <0.2 ng/mL or between 0.21 and 0.99 ng/mL and normal POU lesion status at 1-year follow-up to predict the absence of persistent disease or relapse at 3-year follow-up.

Results
IRG had significantly higher mean utility scores for POU reports of abnormal thyroid bed nodules compared to NIRG (P < 0.001). IRG's POU reports for suspicious nodules and lymph nodes were considered sufficient in 94% and 85% of cases, respectively, compared to 45% and 68% for NIRG. For patients with normal US lesion status and Tg <0.2 ng/mL or Tg 0.21–0.99 ng/mL at 1-year follow-up, the negative predictive values were 96% for both.

Conclusions
Implementation of 2013 ETA POU-reporting guidelines allowed for the provision of high-quality POU reports, which may lead to increased accuracy in assessing the response to treatment and in estimating the risk of recurrence of thyroid cancer and likely reduce unnecessary repeat POU or FNA.
How Sexualised Images in Advertisements Influence the Attention and Preference of Consumers with a Modern View
Authors: Pentus Kristian , Ruusu Mariia , Kuusik Andres , Dorokhova Liudmyla , Ploom Kerli 
Published: July 2023

This paper aims to determine how using sexualised images in advertisements influences the attention and preference of consumers with a modern attitude towards gender stereotypes.
This research used a methodological approach based on eye tracking of the perception of advertising images – an eye-tracking study measured how the general attitudes towards gender roles mediate attention. A control question for attitudes towards gender stereotypes was used. The degree of preference for advertising was also examined in the study.
The results show that sexual stimuli are not more eye-catching than non-sexual, as sexual advertisements do not capture attention faster and are not viewed for a longer time than non-sexual advertisements.
The originality and value of the study lies in the fact that the article supports the right marketing decisions to overcome gender stereotypes in advertising, to avoid advertising errors associated with unjustified sexualisation and eroticisation of visual advertising images and models. It also suggests directions for future research on various aspects of gender stereotypes in advertising.