bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulfopeptide CLEL6 inhibits anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Bühler Eric , Fahrbach Elisa , Schaller Andreas , Stührwohldt Nils 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Posttranslationally modified peptides are now recognized as important regulators of plant stress responses. Here, we identified the small sulfated CLE-LIKE6 (CLEL6) peptide as a negative regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in etiolated and in light-stressed Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings. CLEL6 function depends on proteolytic processing of the CLEL6 precursor by subtilisin-like serine proteinase 6.1 (SBT6.1) and on tyrosine sulfation by tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TPST). Loss-of-function mutants of either sbt6.1 or tpst showed significantly higher anthocyanin accumulation than the wild type upon light stress. The anthocyanin overaccumulation phenotype of sbt6.1 and tpst was suppressed by application of mature CLEL6. Overexpression and external application of CLEL6 inhibited the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in etiolated and light-stressed seedlings, confirming the role of CLEL6 as an inhibitor of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Small posttranslationally modified peptides are perceived by leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases. Using a quintuple mutant of ROOT MERISTEM GROWTH FACTOR 1 INSENSITIVE (RGI) receptors, we showed the essential function of the RGI receptor family in CLEL6 signaling. Our data indicate that overexpression or application of CLEL6 inhibits anthocyanin biosynthesis through RGI receptors. We propose that CLEL6 inhibits anthocyanin biosynthesis in etiolated seedlings, and that anthocyanin biosynthesis is derepressed when CLEL6 expression is downregulated upon light exposure. Hyperaccumulation of anthocyanins in light-stressed tpst and sbt6.1 mutant seedlings suggests that CLEL6, or related sulfopeptides, continues to act as negative regulators to limit pigment accumulation in the light.
Fast-forward generation of non-equilibrium steady states of a charged particle under the magnetic field
Authors: Setiawan Iwan , Sugihakim Ryan , Gunara Bobby Eka , Masuda Shumpei , Nakamura Katsuhiro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The fast-forward (FF) is one of the ideas to speed up the dynamics of given systems, and reproduces series of events on a shortened time scale, just like rapid projection of movie films on a screen. Considering a charged particle under the electromagnetic field, we present a scheme of FF generation of its non-equilibrium steady state, which realizes with complete fidelity the underlying quantum adiabatic dynamics throughout the FF protocol. We then apply the scheme to Landau states of a clean spin-less electron gas in a 2D x − y plane under the constant magnetic field B in the z direction. We have found how the electric field should be applied in rapid preparation of the quantum-mechanical Hall state as a non-equilibrium steady state. The FF electric field expressed in terms of the time-scaling function is found to be common to both the ground and excited Landau states. The FF driving avoids the decoherence inevitable in slow adiabatic procedures and eliminates the undesired mixing among Landau states with different quantum numbers that usually occurs in fast control.
The classical solutions with k− = 0 in Kaku theory
Authors: Ando Yuji 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We consider Kaku theory as introduced in M. Kaku, Phys. Lett. B 200, 22 (1988) and investigate classical solutions. In particular, we obtain that the equation of motion with the restriction k− = 0 in the Kaku theory is equivalent to the equation of motion in Witten theory. Because of this property, some solutions including the tachyon vacuum solution in the Witten theory satisfy also the equation of motion in the Kaku theory. In addition, we confirm that the cohomology around the tachyon vacuum solution is trivial also in the Kaku theory.
An “Eye For an Eye” Versus “Turning The Other Cheek”? The Status Consequences of Revenge and Forgiveness in Intergroup Conflict
Authors: Benard Stephen , Doan Long , Nicholson D Adam , Meanwell Emily , Wright Eric L , Lista Peter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractConflict between groups plays a powerful role in shaping social interaction within groups. Within groups, social status—respect, prestige, and deference—organizes, motivates, and stratifies social interaction. Yet, studies exploring how conflict between groups shapes social status within groups are relatively rare. We argue that intergroup conflict creates opportunities for individuals to gain or lose status by demonstrating group commitment. We examine two contrasting intergroup behaviors—revenge and forgiveness—and evaluate the idea that these behaviors will be viewed as status-worthy to the extent that they are perceived to signal group motivation. Furthermore, we test the hypothesis that avengers and forgivers gain status by offering group-motivated accounts of their behavior. Pairing an original national probability sample with an experimental survey design, we examine how avengers and forgivers are viewed in everyday conflicts across three widely held identities: national identity, political partisanship, and sports team fandom. We find that Americans perceive intergroup forgiveness as more status-worthy, and a stronger indicator of group motivation, than intergroup revenge. In open-ended survey questions, forgiving ingroup members were described as more status-worthy, competent, and warm, and less dominant than their vengeful counterparts. However, we find little evidence that individuals can directly gain status by claiming that their actions are motivated by concern for the group. Our work speaks to theories of conflict, identity, and social status. More broadly, understanding how Americans value intergroup revenge and forgiveness offers insight into the frequency and intensity of identity-based conflict in contemporary American society.
Best for Whom? Heterogeneous Treatment Effects of Breastfeeding on Child Development
Authors: Su Jessica Houston , Raissian Kerri M , Kim Jiyeon 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The slogan “Breast is Best” has been popularized by medical organizations and parenting networks to extoll the benefits of breastfeeding, yet the causal effects are widely debated. Our study contributes to the debate by examining whether breastfeeding has differential effects based on the propensity to breastfeed, which is also known as causal effect heterogeneity. Prior studies attempt to isolate the causal effect of breastfeeding by netting out confounding characteristics, but we argue that the effects of breastmilk are unlikely to operate in a vacuum. The social forces that promote or constrain breastfeeding among different populations in American society can also shape its effects. Using rich intergenerational panel data from the NLSY79 Child and Young Adult cohort (n = 7902), we evaluate heterogeneous treatment effects in the relationship between breastfeeding and child development from ages 4 to 14 using stratification-multilevel propensity score models. We find that breastfeeding is associated with small benefits for behavioral development, math scores, and academic ability among those with the highest propensities to breastfeed. By contrast, its small benefits for reading comprehension and vocabulary are concentrated among children with the lowest propensities to breastfeed. Our findings suggest that the social process of selection into breastfeeding cannot be fully disentangled from its estimated effects. The social context not only shapes who breastfeeds in American society, but also who benefits most.
ATF6 is a critical regulator of cadmium-mediated apoptosis in spermatocytes
Authors: Lee Sung Woo , Kim Bokyung , Seong Jung Bae , Park Young-Ho , Lee Hong Jun , Lee Dong-Seok 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this study, we examined the mechanisms of cadmium exposure-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and apoptosis in spermatocytes. Responses to cadmium toxicity were investigated using spermatocytes overexpressing p50ATF6, ATF4, and spliced XBP1s, belonging to the 3 unfolded protein response pathways. The ER stress and apoptosis response to cadmium were most strongly stimulated through the activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) pathway; in contrast, siRNA-induced inhibition of protein expression could reduce apoptosis under stressful conditions. An in vivo experiment using mice confirmed that upregulation of p50ATF6 in the testis increased apoptosis in response to cadmium exposure. Further, when confirming the correlation between ER stress and MAPK in cadmium toxicity, p38 MAPK phosphorylation was strongly regulated by p50ATF6; p-p38 also mediated the activity of p50ATF6. Overall, these findings suggest that modulating the activity of p38 MAPK and p50ATF6 in cadmium exposure-induced toxicity can be considered a potential strategy to treat infertility.
UCHL1 aggravates skin fibrosis through an IGF‐1‐induced Akt/mTOR/HIF‐1α pathway in keloid
Authors: Guo Chipeng , Liang Lizhu , Zheng Jingbin , Xie Yang , Qiu Xiaonan , Tan Guozhen , Huang Jingang , Wang Liangchun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractKeloid is a heterogeneous disease featured by the excessive production of extracellular matrix. It is a great challenge for both clinicians and patients regarding the exaggerated and uncontrolled outgrowth and the therapeutic resistance of the disease. In this study, we verified that UCHL1 was drastically upregulated in keloid fibroblasts. UCHL1 had no effects on cell proliferation and migration, but instead promoted collagen I and α‐SMA expression that was inhibited by silencing UCHL1 gene and by adding in LDN‐57444, a pharmacological inhibitor for UCHL1 activity as well. The pathological process was mediated by IGF‐1 promoted Akt/mTOR/HIF‐1α signaling pathway because inhibition of any of them could reduce the expression of collagen I and α‐SMA driven by UCHL1 in fibroblasts. Also, we found that UCHL1 expression in keloid fibroblasts was promoted by M2 macrophages via TGF‐β1. These findings extend our understanding of the pathogenesis of keloid and provide potential therapeutic targets for the disease.
Investigation of the effect of subacromial corticosteroid injections on intraocular pressure
Authors: Engin Onur , Durmaz Engin Ceren , Samanci Rumeysa , Teberik Kuddusi , Ataoglu Safinaz 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Subacromial corticosteroid injection is one of the most commonly used procedures to treat subacromial impingement syndrome. Despite their significant efficacy, corticosteroids have several serious adverse effects, including increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and visual loss. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of subacromial corticosteroid injections on IOP.

Materials and Methods:
42 patients with impingement syndrome, who received subacromial corticosteroid injection, were included in the study. Patients received a single dose of betamethasone. IOP was monitored using a tonometer prior to injection, 24 hours after injection, and one week following injection.

Results:
The average age of the patients was 52.1±9.0, and 31 (74%) of them were female. Patients’ mean IOP values were 16.0±2.6 mmHg, 16.4±2.4 mmHg, and 16.1±2.31 mmHg before injection, one day after injection, and one week after injection, respectively. Repeated ANOVA tests revealed no statistically significant difference between the three measurements (P=0.386). Age, gender, history of diabetes, and history of hypertension didn’t have a significant effect on IOP change after corticosteroid injection. Those with a family history of glaucoma had a significantly greater increase in IOP on day 1 post-injection than those without (P=0.05).

Conclusions:
This is the first study to examine the effect of subacromial corticosteroid injections on IOP change. While a single subacromial steroid injection has no statistically significant effect on IOP change, care should be taken, particularly in susceptible individuals and those who need repeated injections.
Impact of Transfused Citrate on Pathophysiology in Massive Transfusion
Authors: Schriner Jacob B. , Van Gent J. Michael , Meledeo M. Adam , Olson Scott D. , Cotton Bryan A. , Cox Charles S. , Gill Brijesh S. 
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVES:
This narrative review article seeks to highlight the effects of citrate on physiology during massive transfusion of the bleeding patient.

DATA SOURCES:
A limited library of curated articles was created using search terms including “citrate intoxication,” “citrate massive transfusion,” “citrate pharmacokinetics,” “hypocalcemia of trauma,” “citrate phosphate dextrose,” and “hypocalcemia in massive transfusion.” Review articles, as well as prospective and retrospective studies were selected based on their relevance for inclusion in this review.

STUDY SELECTION:
Given the limited number of relevant studies, studies were reviewed and included if they were written in English. This is not a systematic review nor a meta-analysis.

DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS:
As this is not a meta-analysis, new statistical analyses were not performed. Relevant data were summarized in the body of the text.

CONCLUSIONS:
The physiologic effects of citrate independent of hypocalcemia are poorly understood. While a healthy individual can rapidly clear the citrate in a unit of blood (either through the citric acid cycle or direct excretion in urine), the physiology of hemorrhagic shock can lead to decreased clearance and prolonged circulation of citrate. The so-called “Diamond of Death” of bleeding—coagulopathy, acidemia, hypothermia, and hypocalcemia—has a dynamic interaction with citrate that can lead to a death spiral. Hypothermia and acidemia both decrease citrate clearance while circulating citrate decreases thrombin generation and platelet function, leading to ionized hypocalcemia, coagulopathy, and need for further transfusion resulting in a new citrate load. Whole blood transfusion typically requires lower volumes of transfused product than component therapy alone, resulting in a lower citrate burden. Efforts should be made to limit the amount of citrate infused into a patient in hemorrhagic shock while simultaneously addressing the induced hypocalcemia.
Do the incidence and severity of lower urinary tract symptoms measured by the international consultation on incontinence questionnaires correlate with urodynamic findings in patients with systemic sclerosis?
Authors: Faddan Amr Abou , Hassanien Manal , Talaat Esraa Ahmed , Gadelkareem Rabea Ahmed 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Systemic sclerosis (SSC) affects the urinary bladder and many other body organs. Systemic sclerosis commonly manifests as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), which are usually reported using validated questionnaires. This study aimed to correlate questionnaire-reported LUTS with urodynamic findings in patients with SSC.

Materials and methods
This cross-sectional study was performed at our center between August 2018 and July 2021. Lower urinary tract symptoms were assessed using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ) Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Modules (ICIQ-FLUTS) and ICIQ Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Module (ICIQ-MLUTS) and urodynamic studies. Univariate analyses were then performed on variables affecting detrusor activity.

Results
This study included 22 patients (5 men, 17 women). The mean ± standard deviation age, body mass index, and disease duration were 37.2 ± 11.1 years, 25.5 ± 4.2 kg/m2, and 6.2 ± 5.3 years, respectively. Lower urinary tract symptoms occurred in 19 (86.4%) patients, of whom 18 (94.7%) had mild to moderate symptoms. The ICIQ scores for voiding and filling symptoms were higher than those for incontinence. The most frequent organ involvements included Raynaud’s phenomenon in 22 (100%), skin conditions in 20 (90.9%), gastrointestinal tract maladies in 17 (77.3%), joint disorders in 16 (72.7%), and lung diseases in 14 (63.6%) patients. Abnormal detrusor contractions occurred in only 5 patients (22.7%). Univariate analyses showed that disease duration <5 years (p = 0.010), nonobstructive uroflowmetry findings (p = 0.024), absence of incontinence (p = 0.024) and telangiectasia (p = 0.010), and negative rheumatoid factors (p = 0.043) were significantly associated with normal detrusor contractions.

Conclusions
Mild to moderate severity of ICIQ-measured LUTS affected most patients with SSC but was not correlated with urodynamic findings. Normal detrusor contractions were significantly associated with shorter disease duration, nonobstructive uroflowmetry findings, absence of incontinence and telangiectasia, and negative rheumatoid factors.
The Relationship of Preconception and Early Pregnancy Isoprostanes with Fecundability and Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Nobles Carrie J. , Mendola Pauline , Mumford Sunni L. , Silver Robert M. , Kim Keewan , Perkins Neil J. , Schisterman Enrique F. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Although redox stress likely plays an important role in reproductive health, the utility of peripheral biomarkers of oxidative stress, such as isoprostanes, during the periconception period remains underexplored. We evaluated the relationship between isoprostanes during preconception and gestational week 4 and women’s reproductive health outcomes.

Methods:
The Effects of Aspirin in Gestation and Reproduction trial (2007–2011) enrolled 1228 women attempting pregnancy and followed them for up to 6 menstrual cycles and throughout pregnancy if they became pregnant. We measured creatinine-adjusted, log-transformed isoprostanes 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), its metabolite 2,3-dinor-iPF2α-III, and stereoisomers 5-iso-PGF2α-VI and 8,12-iso-iPF2α-VI in urine during preconception and 4 weeks gestation. We evaluated pregnancy among participants in each menstrual cycle using human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and defined pregnancy loss as observed loss following positive hCG. We calculated fecundability odds ratios (FOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using discrete-time Cox proportional hazards models and relative risk of pregnancy loss using adjusted log-binomial models.

Results:
Higher preconception isoprostane levels were associated with lower fecundability [e.g., FOR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.81, 0.97 per interquartile range (IQR) increase in 8-iso-PGF2α]. Among 797 pregnancies, isoprostane levels increased from preconception to 4 weeks gestation (e.g., mean difference = 0.12; 95% CI = 0.10, 0.14 ng/mL for 8-iso-PGF2α) and higher isoprostanes at 4 weeks gestation were associated with lower risk of pregnancy loss (e.g., RR = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.62, 1.00 per IQR increase in 8-iso-PGF2α).

Conclusions:
Preconception urinary isoprostanes may identify redox stress pathways associated with lower fecundability. However, the increase in isoprostanes into gestational week 4 and the associated lower risk of pregnancy loss may suggest confounding by latent factors in early pregnancy.
Disparities in Fatal Occupational Injury Rates in North Carolina, 1978–2017: Comparing Nonmanagerial Employees to Managers
Authors: Richardson David B. , Cole Stephen R. , Martin Amelia T. , McClure Elizabeth S. , Nocera Maryalice , Cantrell John , Ranapurwala Shabbar I. , Marshall Stephen W. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
We examined fatal occupational injuries among private-sector workers in North Carolina during the 40-year period 1978–2017, comparing the occurrence of fatal injuries among nonmanagerial employees to that experienced by managers.

Methods:
We estimated a standardized fatal occupational injury ratio by inverse probability of exposure weighting, taking nonmanagerial workers as the target population. When this ratio measure takes a value greater than unity it signals settings in which nonmanagerial employees are not provided as safe a work environment as that provided for managers.

Results:
Across all industries, nonmanagerial workers in North Carolina experienced fatal occupational injury rates 8.2 (95% CI = 7.0, 10.0) times the rate experienced by managers. Disparities in fatal injury rates between managers and the employees they supervise were greatest in forestry, rubber and metal manufacturing, wholesale trade, fishing and extractive industries, and construction.

Conclusions:
The results may help focus discussion about workplace safety between labor and management upon equity, with a goal of providing a work environment for nonmanagerial employees as safe as the one provided for managers.
Microbiota transfer following liver surgery involves microbial extracellular vesicle migration that affects liver immunity
Authors: Cohen Shmuel J. , Meyerovich Guy , Blank Simcha , Ovdat Esther , Loewenstein Shelly , Kania-Almog Juliane , Cohen Meir , Lahat Guy , Klausner Joseph M. , Lubezky Nir 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Short-term perioperative administration of probiotics was shown to alleviate postoperative complications and promote liver recovery among patients undergoing resection for liver malignancy. The mechanisms by which probiotic bacteria effectively influence the gut microbiome composition during the perioperative time are controversial. Here, we aim to elucidate the short-term direct biological effect of probiotic microbiota–derived vesicles on host liver cells during the perioperative period.

Methods:
Probiotic-derived vesicles (pbMVs) were administered postoperatively. pbMVs were isolated and characterized from probiotics, mainly from the bacteria genus Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Lactococcus. Mice underwent bile duct ligation, sham laparotomy (SHAM), or 70% partial hepatectomy (70%PH). pbMVs were tracked in vivo, and intrahepatic cellular and molecular aspects were analyzed by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR techniques. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) analysis for Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1(VCAM-1) expression following pbMV stimulation of cultured liver non-parenchymal cells which had been activated by LPS.

Results:
The administered pbMV rapidly translocated to the liver after surgery. pbMV administrations following surgeries enhanced neutrophil clearance; there was a dramatic decline in the liver neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio Ly6G+/CD3+ and an increase in IL6 levels. pbMVs reduced intrahepatic VCAM1 and ICAM2 expression compared with control following SHAM and decrease in IL10 levels following 70%PH. The administration of pbMV improved liver regeneration 72 hours following surgical liver resection with a significant decrease in IL17 expression. pbMVs modulated VCAM-1 on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in liver cell culture.

Conclusions:
Our study findings provide mechanistic insights into the liver-gut axis following surgery and illustrate how probiotic vesicles can reduce adhesion molecule expression and affect immune cell invasion and liver immunity, resulting in improved liver recovery following hepatic surgery.
Refractive lens exchange – who is getting it, what are they getting, how are they doing?
Authors: Ong Lauren F. , Oh Alyce , Yi Joseph K. , Gu Joshua S. , Marvasti Amir H. , Nguyen Betsy B. , Tran Dan B. , Lee Jimmy K. 
Published: May 2023

Purpose of review
The purpose of this article is to provide a review of the literature on refractive lens exchange and present a retrospective analysis of 55 patients who underwent refractive lens exchange at a single practice.

Recent findings
Our study substantiates refractive lens exchange as an important option for presbyopic patients, hyperopic patients or patients with extremely high refractive error who desire spectacle independence.

Summary
Our study reveals that the refractive lens exchange population is younger than the average cataract population and their primary motivations are to resolve hyperopic or myopic refractive errors, gain spectacle independence, and address near vision loss. A variety of presbyopia-addressing intraocular lens options are available and we present our experience with multifocal, extended depth-of-focus, light-adjustable, and monofocal lenses.