bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Awareness and intention to use event-driven and long-acting injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis among adolescent and young men who have sex with men and transgender women in Brazil
Authors: Magno Laio , Leite Beo , Grangeiro Alexandre , Dezanet Lorenza , Soares Fabiane , Dourado Inês 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
We aimed to investigate awareness and intention to use event-driven (ED-PrEP) and long-acting injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis (LAI-PrEP) and associated factors among adolescents and young men who have sex with men (AYMSM) and young transgender women (AYTGW).
Methods
A cross-sectional study with this population aged 15–20 years from the PrEP1519 project, a cohort study on daily oral PrEP in Brazil. The outcome variables were the intention to use ED-PrEP and LAI-PrEP. Adjusted odds ratios were estimated using binomial logistic regression.
Results
Only 15·3% and 18·0% of the adolescents were aware of the ED-PrEP and LAI-PrEP options, respectively, with 56·4% reporting intention to use ED-PrEP and 81·5% intention to use LAI-PrEP. Adolescents with low adherence to daily oral PrEP were more likely to intend to use ED-PrEP; however, those who reported always/oftently using condoms in insertive anal sex with steady or casual partners were less likely to intend to use ED-PrEP. As for LAI-PrEP, those reporting middle or low socioeconomic status and three or more casual partners in the previous three months were more likely to intend to use LAI-PrEP. Adolescents who never used daily oral PrEP were less likely to intend to use LAI-PrEP.
Conclusions
AYMSM and AYTGW in Brazil expressed a greater intention to use LAI PrEP over ED-PrEP, and their sexual behavior pattern strongly influenced their choice of the method. These prevention products mean that there are additional options. Improving choice can potentially increase PrEP uptake and use.
Effects of soil compaction and vegetation weeding on the above-, and belowground growth of boreal evergreen conifer seedlings
Authors: Sugai Tetsuto , Harayama Hisanori , Tobita Hiroyuki , Kitao Mitsutoshi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
If the soil compaction by the running of forestry machines does not suppress the growth of planted seedlings, this operation may be an alternative method to conventional weeding to control vegetation competition. To evaluate the effects of soil compaction and the weeding of vegetation on seedlings of three boreal evergreen coniferous species, the field experiment was conducted for two years. Under weeding conditions, the main target species, Abies sachalinensis seedlings with thick fine roots showed relatively robust belowground growth under soil compaction rather than the other Picea species with thin fine roots. The soil compaction suppressed the density and height of vegetation, mitigating the light conditions. In A. sachalinensis seedings, leaf mass per area, nitrogen content per leaf area, and specific root length of fine roots significantly respond to the weeding treatment without soil compaction. No weeding suppressed the relative growth rate in root collar diameter and aboveground volume, while these changes were not observed under soil compaction. Both the results of light conditions and the responses of seedlings indicated that the competitive conditions were weakened by soil compaction. These results suggested that when planting the functional type with thicker fine roots, such as A. sachalinensis, the machine running may contribute to the forest vegetation management.
Smart packaging for food spoilage assessment based on Hibiscus sabdariffa L. anthocyanin-loaded chitosan films
Authors: Khezerlou Arezou , Tavassoli Milad , Alizadeh-Sani Mahmood , Ehsani Ali , McClements David Julian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
An on-package colorimetric label was fabricated using Hibiscus sabdariffa L. anthocyanin as a freshness indicator because its color depends on pH. The anthocyanins were embedded within a chitosan matrix. The colorimetric labels were applied to estimate the spoilage of fish food during storage at 25°C for 3 days. According to scanning electron microscopy results, the inclusion of the anthocyanins in chitosan matrix resulted in formation dense and uniform film. The chitosan colorimetric labels had acceptable thicknesses (78–85 µm), moisture contents (14 − 16%), swelling indices (84–102%), water vapor permeabilities (3.0–3.2 × 10− 11 g. m/m2. s. Pa), tensile strengths (11.3–12.3 MPa), and elongation at breaks (14–39%). It is noteworthy that the label can distinguish fish spoilage by color turn from light brown (fresh) to grayish (spoiled) by the naked-eye, due to alterations in the pH content and formation of volatile basic nitrogen during storage. Our results indicate that all-natural color labels can be an effective method to monitor the fish spoilage during storage, which may improve food quality and sustainability.
Eating Disorders and Social Media Use among College Students in Japan and China: A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Bai Yijing , Numata Noriko , Shimizu Eiji 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
In recent years, new forms of media called social networking service (SNS), such as Facebook and Sina Weibo, have spread rapidly. The higher the frequency of SNS use in combination with body dissatisfaction, the higher the risk of developing eating disorders (EDs). This study investigated the relationships between ED tendencies, SNS use intensity, and body esteem among Japanese and Chinese college students.
Methods
A total of 564 Japanese and Chinese college students aged 18–22 years old were surveyed on their age, height, and body weight, including items from the Japanese and Chinese versions of the Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26), SNS Intensity Scale, Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale.
Results
The percentage of all students with a score of ≥ 20 on the EAT-26 was 15.8% (Japanese, 14.7%; Chinese, 17.0%). In the Japanese students, the EAT-26 scores were unrelated to the SNS Intensity Scale but had a weak negative correlation with the BESAA. In the Chinese students, the EAT-26 scores were unrelated to the number of friends on SNSs, and time spent on SNSs, but had a weak correlation with the SNS Intensity Scale and the BESAA. The PHQ-9, GAD-7 and EAT-26 scores were significantly correlated among the respondents. There were differences between sex and the different countries. Chinese women had significantly higher scores on the EAT-26, SNS Intensity Scale, BES-appearance, and GAD-7 than other groups. Chinese men had significantly higher scores on the BESAA, BES-attribution,and BES-weight than other groups.
Conclusions
The main findings showed that (a) ED tendencies are positively related to SNS use intensity only in China; (b) ED tendencies are negatively related to body esteem in Japan and China; and (c) SNS use intensity is positively related to body esteem in China, but not significantly correlated in Japan; (d) Chinese women show a higher risk of EDs than other groups. The results indicated that the relationships among ED tendencies, the frequency of SNS use, and body dissatisfaction, differ between Japan and China.
Significance of Functional Service Life in the Design and Planning of Buildings
Authors: Solanki Sushil Kumar , Paul Virendra Kumar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Functional Service Life planning in buildings is a significant stage of building construction that considers the operational life of the entire building and its components. However, due to lack of awareness and negligence, buildings are designed without its consideration. This research explores the integration of functional service life planning into the design and planning stages of buildings in a more tangible and viable manner to facilitate architects and designers. Key reasons for incorporating functional service life planning are identified by comprehensive expert survey. Challenges such as subjective deterioration factors, cost considerations, the complexity of prediction tools, and uncertainties surrounding service life prediction are highlighted. The study proposes a systematic approach for integrating functional service life planning into building design and planning. research concludes by underscoring the need for further investigation in the area of durability and performance of materials and components.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of ovary-related serine protease gene induces a recessive female sterility in the diamondback moth
Authors: Asad Muhammad , Liao Jiaying , Chen Jing , Munir Faisal , Yang Guang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Oogenesis is a complex pathway necessary for the proper female reproduction in insects. Ovary-serine protease (Osp) is a homologous gene of serine protease nudel (SpNudel) and plays an essential role in oogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the role of Osp remains unclear in Plutella xylostella. PxOsp consisted of a 5883-bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 1994 amino acids with four conserved domains. PxOsp exhibited a high relative expression in adult female with a specifical expression in the ovary. Through the utilization of CRISPR/Cas9 technology, homozygous mutants of PxOsp were generated. These homozygous mutant females produced fewer eggs than wildtype (WT) females when crossed with WT males and these eggs failed to hatch. Conversely, mutant males produced normal progeny when crossed with WT females. The ovarioles in mutant females were significantly shorter in length and contained fewer eggs compared to WT ovarioles. Moreover, eggs laid by mutant females were fragile, with irregular shapes and unable to maintain the structural integrity due to eggshell ruptures. However, no significant differences were observed between WT and mutant individuals in terms of developmental duration, pupal weight, and mating behavior. Our study suggests that PxOsp plays a vital role in female reproduction, particularly in ovary and egg development. The disruption of PxOsp leads to a recessive female sterility without affecting male reproductive capability. This report represents the first study of a haplosufficient gene responsible for female fertility in lepidopteran insects. Additionally, these findings emphasize PxOsp as a potential target for genetically-based pest management of P. xylostella.
An Exploratory Morphometric Study of the Atlantal Part of Vertebral Artery
Authors: Punja Rohini , Kausar Aamna , R girish , hosapatna Mamatha 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose:
The vertebral artery (VA) is a major artery in the neck region. It arises from the first segment of the subclavian artery. The artery then traverses through the transverse foramina of each cervical vertebra leaving the transverse foramina of seventh cervical vertebrae. At the level of lower border of pons, the VA from opposite sides unite its fellow artery to form the basilar artery. There are a quite good number of CT studies of this region, whereas there are limited cadaveric studies of this region. Thus, this study aims to fill up the research gap, by doing morphometric cadaveric study of V3 segmental VA in reference to length diameter and length. And Angle of the vertical and horizontal part of V3 (Atlantal) segment of vertebral artery
Methods:
The study was conducted in the 40 vertebral arteries from 20 embalmed cadavers .
Results:
The mean length of right and left VA on each part was almost similar except for the mean length of H part (R- 38.937mm & L-40.237mm) and total length of V3 segment (R- 66.87mm & L-70.350mm).
Conclusion:
This will be of great importance to neurosurgeons who intend to operate a limited part (any of the 3 parts) of V3 segment of VA. The mean values of parameters resulted in this study gives an average measurements or safe limits to the surgeons for the safe surgical procedures like occipital condyle screw technique
The Diversity and Abundance of Soil Macrofauna under Different Agroforestry Practices in the Drylands of Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Masebo Nebiyou , Birhane Emiru , Takele Serekebrehane , Belay Zerihun , Lucena Juan J. , Sanz Araceli Pérez , Anjulo Agena 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The conversion of natural lands to agricultural uses is a significant threat to soil biodiversity. Within agriculture, monoculture based systems are the most common which often result in low biodiversity because they impact the abundance, diversity, and composition of soil macrofauna (SMF). The objective of this paper was to analyze SMF abundance and diversity across different agroforestry practices (AFP) in the drylands of southern Ethiopia. The soil monolith and soil samples were collected from homegarden, cropland, woodlot, and trees on soil and water conservation based AFP using the standard Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute manual, and the identification was done based on morphological characteristics and standard identification keys. The abundance, occurrence, and community composition of SMF were significantly different across the different AFPs (P < 0.05). In this study, 378 SMF belonging to 13 families, including unnamed were identified. The soil ecosystem of AFP was dominated by earthworms (relative abundance = 0.43), followed by termites (relative abundance = 0.12). The homegarden AFP type had a significantly higher number of SMF occurrence index of 46.03 (174), followed by woodlot, 26.72 (101) practices, and the lowest was recorded under cropland, 12.70 (48). The abundance, diversity, richness, and similarity of SMF were significantly related to soil total nitrogen and organic carbon. Phosphorus and pH were significantly related to the abundance and richness of SMF. The homegarden and woodlot AFP types were suitable for SMF biodiversity conservation.
Early persistent lymphopenia and risk of death in critically ill patients with and without sepsis.
Authors: Adigbli Derick , Liu Rebecca Payan , Meyer Jason , Cohen Jeremy , Tanna Gian Luca Di , Gianacas Chris , Bhattacharya Amritendu , Hammond Naomi , Walsham James , Venkatesh Bala , Hotchkiss Richard , Finfer Simon 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Purpose
To determine the proportion of critically ill patients with and without sepsis who exhibit persistent lymphopenia and examine its relationship with hospital survival.
Methods
Database analysis of adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients at two hospitals in Queensland, Australia and the MIMIC III database from Boston, USA.
Results
We defined persistent lymphopenia at two thresholds (absolute lymphocyte count [ALC] <1.0 and <0.75 x 109/L) based on two qualifying values recorded during the first four days in ICU. In the USA cohort 27,646/32,528 (85.0%) patients did not have two ALCs recorded with evidence that data were not missing at random; consequently, we report the analysis of the Australian cohort. In the Australian cohort 7605/8507 (89.4%) patients had two ALCs recorded, of these 1482 (19.5%) had sepsis. Persistent lymphopenia (ALC<1.0) was present in 728/1482 (49.1%) and 2302/6123 (37.6%) of patients with and without sepsis, respectively. For ALC <0.75 the results were 487/1482 (32.9%) and 1125/6123 (18.4%), respectively. 562/3030 (18.5%) patients with persistent lymphopenia (ALC<1.0) died in hospital compared with 439/4575 (9.6%) patients without persistent lymphopenia. Persistent lymphopenia was an independent risk factor for in hospital death in all patients. The hazard ratio for death at ALC<1.0 was 1.89 (95%CI 1.31 – 2.85) and 1.17 (1.02 – 1.36) in patients with and without sepsis respectively.
Conclusions
Persistent lymphopenia is common in critically ill patients and associated with increased risk of death. The association is stronger in patients with sepsis. Trials testing the hypothesis that reversing lymphopenia reduces mortality should initially target patients with sepsis.
Data-Self-Check: A framework for automated Data Quality Assessment of Malaria routine surveillance data designed for DHIS2 using Machine Learning techniques
Authors: Kuderha Ashuza , Kala Jules , Mungungu Baraka , Adingo Wisdom , Buzima Dunia , Naomi Ndifon 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The extraction of valuable insights from malaria routine surveillance data is highly dependent on the processes and tools used to collect, curate, store, analyse, and disseminate that data and the essential information obtained from it. The main challenge is to ensure good quality of data collected at the local level. In this work, we have proposed a new framework for Data Quality Assessment designed for DHIS2 using Machine Learning techniques.
Methodology
The data used in this study was extracted from the DHIS2 Platform for 8 districts of Mopti in Mali for 2016 and 2017. We carried out three data preprocessing tasks. We developed four models based on machine learning algorithms for local and global outlier detection, trained and validated on malaria surveillance routine data extracted from DHIS2. We used five main evaluation metrics to assess the performance of the developed models. The proposed framework's design will consider the steps of Report-Accuracy Assessment and Cross-Checks presented in the Malaria Routine Data Quality Assessment Tool (MRDQA Tool).
Results
For the case of random errors (outliers), we found that all four models did not reach an AUC value of 60%. Despite the low value of the AUC metric, the precision scores reached values more than 90%. As the AUC metric represents the overall performance of the models, we can say that random errors do not leave enough patterns in the malaria routine surveillance data to be detected. In contrast, detecting systematic errors has good value for performance metrics (87% AUC and 98% precision. This is the case for systematic errors with the same structures (same consecutive months and same columns) in two different districts and systematic errors with different structures at the same time period in two differents districts.
Conclusion
The machine learning models integrated into the proposed framework perform well in detecting random and systematic errors (global or local outliers) in the malaria routine surveillance data. Only consistent and accurate data will be stored in the DHIS system with the proposed framework. This will maximise the potential to extract actionable knowledge from malaria routine surveillance data to make better informed-decision.
Morphological Characteristics of In-stent Restenosis with Different Degrees of Area Stenosis: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study
Authors: Zhang Wei , Shen Youcheng , Liu Zhijiang , Gu Ning , Rong Jidong , Deng Chancui , Wang Xi , Deng Yi , Ma Shuai , Yang Shuangya , Chen Lei , Hu Xingwei , Zhao Yongchao , Zhao Ranzhun , Shi Bei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The morphological characteristics of in-stent restenosis (ISR) in relation to varying degrees of area stenosis have not been comprehensively examined. This study aimed to explore the tissue characteristics of patients experiencing ISR with different degrees of area stenosis through the utilization of optical coherence tomography (OCT).
Methods
In total, 230 patients with ISR who underwent OCT were divided into the following three groups: area stenosis (AS) < 70% (n = 26); 70%-80% (n = 119) and AS ≥ 80% (n = 85).
Results
Among the 230 patients, the clinical presentation as stable angina was 61.5% in AS < 70%, followed by 47.2% in 70% < AS ≤ 80%, and 31.8% in AS ≥ 80% (P = 0.010). The OCT findings showed that heterogeneous neointima, ISNA, LRP, neointima rupture, TCFA-like pattern, macrophage infiltration, red and white thrombus was more common with AS increased. Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that higher AS was associated with previous dyslipidaemia (odds ratio [OR], 6.706, 95% confidence interval ([CI], 1.764–25.483; P = 0.005) and neointima rupture (odds ratio [OR], 4.472, 95% confidence interval ([CI], 1.228–16.281; P = 0.023).
Conclusions
Patients with higher degrees of area stenosis in the context of ISR exhibited a greater number of discernible morphological characteristics as identified through OCT analysis. Furthermore, previous dyslipidemia and neointima rupture was highly associated with and the progression of ISR lesions.
Preliminary study of metabonomics in patients with early and late onset type 2 diabetes mellitus based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS: an observational study
Authors: Hao Zhaohu , Yao Junxin , Zhao Xiaoying , Liu Ran , Chang Baocheng , Shao Hailin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAim:Non-targeted metabonomic techniques were used to explore changes in the metabolic profiles of patients with early onset and late onset T2DM.Main Methods:Newly diagnosed early onset T2DM (EarT2DM) and late onset T2DM (LatT2DM) patients were recruited, and the matched age, sex, and low-risk population of diabetes mellitus were selected as the control group.Result: A total of 117 adults were recruited in the study, including 21 in the EarT2DM group with 25 in corresponding control group (heaCG1), and 48 in the LatT2DM group with 23 in corresponding control group (heaCG2). There were 15 relatively distinctive metabolic variants in EarT2DM group and 10 distinctive metabolic variants in LatT2DM group. The same changing pathways mainly involved protein, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, taurine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, lysosome and mTOR signaling pathway. The independent disturbed pathways in EarT2DM included branched chain amino acids, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism. The independent disturbed pathways in LatT2DM involved linoleic acid metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, arginine, proline metabolism and FoxO signaling pathway.Conclusions:T2DM patients at different diagnosed ages may have different metabolite profiles. These metabolic differences need to be further verified. Further studies are needed to determine whether the higher risk of complications in early-onset type 2 diabetes is related to its specific metabolic profile.
Enhancement of catalytic efficiency of enzymatic redox reaction by composing a horseradish peroxidase-modified electrode with ionic liquids
Authors: Noritomi Yasuko , Kuboki Takashi , Noritomi Hidetaka 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

We have kinetically estimated the redox reaction at the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-modified electrode combined with ionic liquids by adding N-(2-methoxythethyl)-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (MEMPTFSI) to HRP/carbon paste (CP)/Ketjenblack EC600JC (EC). The redox reaction at the HRP/CP/EC/MEMPTFSI-modified electrode and the HRP/CP-modified electrode could be correlated by Michaelis-Menten equation. Michaelis constant of the redox reaction at the HRP/CP/EC/MEMPTFSI-modified electrode was the same as that at the HRP/CP-modified electrode. On the other hand, the turnover number of the redox reaction at the HRP/CP/EC/MEMPTFSI-modified electrode was six times larger than that at the HRP/CP-modified electrode. Consequently, the specific constant of the redox reaction at the HRP/CP/EC/MEMPTFSI-modified electrode was much higher than that at the HRP/CP-modified electrode.
Gender Labor Market Outcome Differentials in Korea: How Does the Horizontal Mismatch Play?
Authors: Choi Sunki , Ahn Joonhong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The gender wage inequality in Korea has been higher than in any other OECD country since 1996. In this paper, we study the evolution of the differentials between genders in wages and job satisfaction from 2008 to 2018 using the Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey in Korea. Wage regressions are estimated year by year for male and female workers and used to calculate the impact of horizontal mismatch on yearly wage differentials. We also estimate overall job satisfaction differentials between workers with matched jobs and non-matched jobs. To deal with unobservable heterogeneity, we utilize Heckman two-step methods. The findings imply that male workers have enjoyed higher wages and job satisfaction than their comparable female workers for both horizontally matched and not-matched group. Moreover, recent periods show that gender wage and job satisfaction differentials are consistently larger in matched job workers than in non-matched job workers.
JEL Codes: J16, J28, J31, J71