bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrolysis—A tool in the wastewater solids handling portfolio, not a silver bullet: Benefits, drawbacks, and future directions
Authors: McNamara Patrick , Liu Zhongzhe , Tong Yiran , Santha Hari , Moss Lynne , Zitomer Daniel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPyrolysis is the process whereby carbonaceous materials, such as biosolids, are heated between 400°C and 900°C in the absence of oxygen. Three main products are generated: a solid product called biochar, a py‐liquid that consists of aqueous phase and non‐aqueous phase liquid, and py‐gas. The biochar holds value as a beneficial soil amendment and sequesters carbon. The py‐liquid is potentially hazardous and needs to be dealt with (including potentially reducing it on‐site via catalysis or thermal oxidation). Py‐gas can be used on‐site for energy recovery. Pyrolysis has gained recent interest due to concern over per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in biosolids. Although pyrolysis can remove PFAS from biosolids, it has been shown to produce PFAS that reside in py‐liquid, and the fate in py‐gas remains a knowledge gap. More research is needed to help close the PFAS and fluorine mass balance through pyrolysis influent and effluent products because pyrolysis alone does not destroy all PFAS. The moisture content of biosolids substantially affects the energy balance for pyrolysis. Utilities that already produce a dried biosolids product are in a better position to install pyrolysis. Pyrolysis has both defined benefits (solids reduction, PFAS removal from biosolids, and biochar production) as well as remaining questions (the fate of PFAS in py‐gas and py‐liquid, mass balance on nutrients, and py‐liquid handling options) that will be answered through more pilot and full‐scale demonstrations. Regulations and local policies (such as carbon sequestration credits) could affect pyrolysis implementation. Pyrolysis should be considered as an option in the biosolids stabilization toolbox with application being based on individual circumstances of a utility (e.g., energy, moisture content of biosolids, PFAS).Practitioner Points
Pyrolysis has known benefits but limited full‐scale operational data.
Pyrolysis removes PFAS from biochar, but PFAS fate in gas phase is unknown.
Moisture content of influent feed solids affects energy balance of pyrolysis.
Policy on PFAS, carbon sequestration, or renewable energy could impact pyrolysis.
Responses of insectivorous bats to tree felling in forested wetlands
Authors: Wright Daniel W. , Rittenhouse Chadwick D. , Moran Katherine , Worthley Thomas E. , Rittenhouse Tracy A. G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractForested wetlands provide habitat for a diversity of wildlife and create complex vegetation structure within forests. Current best management practices in New England have limited disturbances in forested wetlands due to concerns for wetland function and water quality. As a result, forested wetlands often have large, mature trees that were formerly rare under natural disturbance regimes. Our goal was to determine whether experimentally felling trees within forested wetlands is an effective management action to improve foraging habitat for insectivorous bats. In the winter of 2019 while the ground was frozen, we felled all trees in an area of approximately 0.1 ha in each of 3 forested wetlands to simulate a natural disturbance, similar to that caused by beaver activity or windthrow. The following spring and summer of 2019 and 2020, we monitored bat activity in the 3 treated forested wetlands as well as 3 untreated forested wetlands. We found that for all species recorded, bat activity was higher in treated wetlands than in untreated wetlands. We also found Lasiurus borealis and Lasionycteris noctivagans had a delayed response to treatments, with higher activity in the second year after treatments. Our findings suggest that managing forested wetlands consistent with historic patterns of forest disturbance and regeneration is beneficial to insectivorous bats. The positive response by bats to tree felling indicates that promoting age‐class and structural diversity in forest canopies without flooding or soil disturbance is an appropriate consideration with respect to best management practices in forested wetlands.
Characteristic material behaviors in conical indentation with friction
Authors: Kuroda Mitsutoshi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCharacteristic material behaviors in obtuse‐angled conical indentation for elasto‐viscoplastic solids are explored and discussed. Finite element calculations are carried out for indentation of a rigid sharp conical indenter into a cylindrical body that models a pseudo‐half space, considering the friction between the indenter and the solid. Under low‐friction conditions, it is assumed that breakage of the material by the sharp tip of the indenter occurs and a new surface emerges along the contact interface during indentation. It is revealed that the load required for indentation does not necessarily reach its maximum at the perfect sticking condition, which shows a nonlinear variation from the frictionless condition to the perfect sticking condition. The increase in strain hardening and the decrease in elastic modulus relative to yield strength both reduce the difference between the required loads for different friction conditions. For perfect sticking, the indenter tip is covered by an elastically deforming material cap during indentation similarly to the case of the plane strain wedge indentation. Similarity and discrepancy between the behavior in the conical indentation and that in the plane strain wedge indentation, which is well described by the classical slip‐line field theory, are clarified in detail.
Grundlagen: Mobilitätsmarkt, Mobilitätsdaten und Anspruchsberechtigte von Mobilität
Authors: Gatzert Nadine , Knorre Susanne , Müller-Peters Horst , Wagner Fred , Jost Theresa 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungIn Kap. 2 werden zunächst die Grundlagen des Mobilitätsmarkts dargelegt. Anschließend werden die im Zusammenhang mit Mobilität stehenden Daten und deren Verwendung betrachtet (Big Data in der Mobilität). Nach einer Begriffsdefinition von Mobilitätsdaten wird untersucht, wo Mobilitätsdaten aktuell entstehen, gesammelt und gespeichert werden können. Diese werden zu einer „Mobilitätskarte“ verdichtet, die den „digitalen Fußabdruck“ der Verkehrsteilnehmer visualisiert. Um solche Datenspuren am Beispiel konkreter Individuen zu erfassen, wurde über einen Zeitraum von drei Wochen eine Online-Community mit Verkehrsteilnehmern durchgeführt (Abschn. 2.3). Damit wurden nicht nur die Datenspuren, sondern auch Einstellungen, Motive und Verhaltensweisen der Teilnehmer rund um Daten und Mobilität exploriert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen u. a., dass sich digitale Services in der Mobilität vor allem an Autonomiemotiven bedienen, daneben auch an Entlastungs- und Kontrollmotiven. Gleichzeitig entstehen neue Abhängigkeiten, die Nutzer geraten in ein Autonomie-Dilemma. Einigkeit besteht bezüglich eines großen Handlungsbedarfs, den die Nutzer nicht nur bei Autoherstellern, Verkehrsbetrieben und in der Politik, sondern auch bei sich selbst sehen.
Datenbasierte Geschäftsmodellansätze für Versicherungsunternehmen
Authors: Gatzert Nadine , Knorre Susanne , Müller-Peters Horst , Wagner Fred , Jost Theresa 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungIn Kap. 6 werden die Auswirkungen der Erkenntnisse aus den vorangegangenen Kapiteln auf die Versicherungswirtschaft betrachtet, und es werden Implikationen für Kfz-Versicherer abgeleitet. Nach einer Darstellung der Ausgangslage der Versicherungswirtschaft mit Blick auf Big Data (Abschn. 6.1) werden Einsatzmöglichkeiten entlang der Wertschöpfungslette von Versicherungsunternehmen aufgezeigt (Abschn. 6.2). Dabei wird auch untersucht, welcher Nutzen entsteht bzw. welche Mehrwerte den Kunden auf Basis von Big Data angeboten werden können. Anschließend wird die Rolle der Kfz-Versicherung in der Lebenswelt Mobilität und in entstehenden Ökosystemen analysiert (Abschn. 6.3): Optionen der Positionierung von Kfz-Versicherern werden untersucht und es werden Voraussetzungen sowie Chancen und Hürden aufgezeigt.
Big Data in der Mobilität: Wie sich die Nutzenpotenziale (für die Welt von morgen) heben lassen
Authors: Gatzert Nadine , Knorre Susanne , Müller-Peters Horst , Wagner Fred , Jost Theresa 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungKap. 7 fasst die zentralen Erkenntnisse zusammen, diskutiert Nutzenpotenziale von Big Data in der Mobilität für die Welt von morgen und stellt mögliche Lösungsansätze für aktuelle Herausforderungen vor.
Zoomers in Brunei Darussalam: Language Use, Social Interaction and Identity
Authors: Abidin Zayani Zainal , Sharbawi Salbrina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecent findings on language use in Brunei Darussalam have indicated a growing inclination towards the co-use of Malay and English in both social and formal communication. Monolingual English use has also been reported, particularly among young Bruneians and in interactions with their peers. The exclusive use of English appears to be ubiquitous among Bruneians born around the time of the new millennium, the cohort known as Generation Z or zoomers. This chapter seeks to investigate the extent to which the claim of English exclusivity among Bruneian zoomers is true via audio recordings of social interactions between three young women. Informed by discussions of language and social interactions, we examine the zoomers’ perception of social identity through their language practices.
Entanglement and topology in RG flows across dimensions: caps, bridges and corners
Authors: Deddo Evan , Pando Zayas Leopoldo A. , Uhlemann Christoph F. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We quantitatively address the following question: for a QFT which is partially compactified, so as to realize an RG flow from a D-dimensional CFT in the UV to a d-dimensional CFT in the IR, how does the entanglement entropy of a small spherical region probing the UV physics evolve as the size of the region grows to increasingly probe IR physics? This entails a generalization of spherical regions to setups without full Lorentz symmetry, and we study the associated entanglement entropies holographically. We find a tight interplay between the topology and geometry of the compact space and the evolution of the entanglement entropy, with universal transitions from ‘cap’ through ‘bridge’ and ‘corner’ phases, whose features reflect the details of the compact space. As concrete examples we discuss twisted compactifications of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM on T2, S2 and hyperbolic Riemann surfaces.
Dynamic radius jet clustering algorithm
Authors: Mukhopadhyaya Biswarup , Samui Tousik , Singh Ritesh K. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The study of standard QCD jets produced along with fat jets, which may appear as a result of the decay of a heavy particle, has become an essential part of collider studies. Current jet clustering algorithms, which use a fixed radius parameter for the formation of jets from the hadrons of an event, may be inadequate to capture the differing radius features. In this work, we develop an alternative jet clustering algorithm that allows the radius to vary dynamically based on local kinematics and distribution in the η-ϕ plane inside each evolving jet. We present the usefulness of this dynamic radius clustering algorithm through two Standard Model processes, and thereafter illustrate it for a scenario beyond the Standard Model at the 13 TeV LHC.
Sorting of trustees: the good and the bad stay in the game
Authors: Feess Eberhard , Kerzenmacher Florian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe extend the theoretical and experimental analysis of endogenous sorting in social dilemma games to decisions of trustees in trust games. Trustees first decide about the amount they send back if the trustor sends the money and then learn that they can exit the game for a payoff that is identical to the trustor’s endowment. We develop a behavioral model where trustors and trustees have reciprocal preferences, and hence put positive weight on the other player’s payoff if they perceive their behavior as kind. Our model yields two possible constellations: Only trustees with high reciprocity participate, or all types except those with intermediate reciprocity participate. Our data lend strong support for the second pattern, as we observe a U-shaped relation between the trustees’ participation rate and the amount they return. Trustors are hence left with an extreme pool of participants where they are either matched with particularly selfish or generous trustees.
An inter-observer assessment of mastoid pneumatization and degree classification using sigmoid sinus: comparing two levels of temporal bone computed tomograms
Authors: Aladeyelu Okikioluwa Stephen , Rennie Carmen Olivia , Schlemmer Kurt , Lawal Sodiq Kolawole , Mbatha Wonder-Boy Eumane , Sibiya Andile Lindokuhle 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The degree of mastoid pneumatization of the temporal bone (TB) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of TB diseases and surgical implications, and planning of a few otologic surgeries. However, there is lack of consensus in the classification of the degree of pneumatization. This study aimed to suggest a simple, quick, and less-burden classification system for assessing and rating the degree of pneumatization by comparing two levels of TB computed tomographs (CTs) using the SS as a reference in an inter-observer assessment among otologists.

Methods
This was a randomized pilot survey among otologists. A questionnaire consisting of different axial CTs of TB taken at two levels: the level of malleoincudal junction (MIJ) and the level of lateral semicircular canal (LSCC), with different pneumatization patterns, was used to assess participants' impressions of the degree of pneumatization. The terms “hypo-,” “moderate,” “good,” and “hyper-” pneumatization were listed as options to rate their impressions on the degree of mastoid pneumatization of the TB images using the SS as a reference structure. Likert scale was used to assess their level of agreement or disagreement with using SS as a reference in evaluating mastoid pneumatization.

Results
Participants who correctly rated images taken at the level of LSCC according to their respective degree of pneumatization were significantly higher (p < 0.05) regardless of their year of experience compared to those that correctly rated corresponding images taken at the level of MIJ. A 76% positivity in their level of agreement with the use of sigmoid sinus in evaluating mastoid pneumatization was observed on the Likert-scale chart.

Conclusion
Findings from this study suggest that evaluating air cells around the SS at the level of LSCC on CTs could be easier in assessing and classifying the degree of mastoid pneumatization.
Concentration of different forms of phosphorus in soils affected by the little auk (Alle alle) and their relationship with tundra vegetation in Spitsbergen (Svalbard, High Arctic)
Authors: Szymański Wojciech , Stolarczyk Mateusz , Zwolicki Adrian , Zmudczyńska-Skarbek Katarzyna , Stempniewicz Lech 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to determine the link between planktivorous little auks (Alle alle) and their soil fertilization, the concentration of total, and different forms of phosphorus in the surface layer of the High Arctic soils and the vascular plant composition of the tundra vegetation. Samples of the surface soil layer (0–10 cm) were collected along three pairs of transects (affected and unaffected by little auks) at different locations in Spitsbergen (Svalbard). The surface layer of soils affected by little auks was characterized by a significantly higher mean concentration of Ptot (1.02–1.44 g kg−1) compared to those not affected by seabirds (0.58–0.77 g kg−1). The mean concentration of different forms of P was also generally higher in soils affected by seabirds (i.e., labile P: 0.13–0.34 g kg−1, moderately labile P: 0.31–0.90 g kg−1, stable P: 0.27–0.39 g kg−1) than in unaffected soils (labile P: 0.04–0.18 g kg−1, moderately labile P: 0.30–0.37 g kg−1, stable P: 0.12–0.24 g kg−1); however, the differences were not always significant, most likely due to the high heterogeneity of specific environmental conditions at the local scale such as soil type, soil chemical composition, and vegetation type. Vascular plant cover was significantly and positively related to the concentration of the P forms studied in the soil. The phosphorus gradient significantly altered the composition of the vascular plants and explained 58.4% of its variation. Little auks are an important source of soil phosphorus in terrestrial ecosystems in the High Arctic that significantly affect the cover and composition of vascular plants.
Extreme El Niño southern oscillation conditions have contrasting effects on the body condition of five euphausiid species around the northern Antarctic Peninsula during winter
Authors: Walsh Jennifer , Reiss Christian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEl Niño southern oscillation (ENSO) events drive profound global impacts on marine environments. These events may result in contrasting conditions in the Southern Ocean, with differing effects on euphausiid species because of their diverse life histories, habitats, and feeding ecologies. We conducted oceanographic surveys during winter (2012–2016) around the northern Antarctic Peninsula and examined the dietary carbon sources, trophic position, and body condition of five euphausiid species (Euphausia crystallorophias, E. frigida, E. superba post-larvae and larvae, E. triacantha, and Thysanoessa macrura) in relation to environmental conditions each year. In addition to general patterns among taxa, we focused on how contrasting conditions during an ENSO-neutral year (2014) and an ENSO-positive year (2016) affected the type, quality, and distribution of food resources each year, as well as the body condition of each species. We observed high chlorophyll-a, low salinity, and shallow upper mixed-layer depths in 2014, and low chlorophyll-a, high salinity, and deep upper mixed-layer depths in 2016. Carbon sources varied among years, with most species enriched in δ13C when ENSO conditions were dominant. Trophic position and body condition also varied among years, with different responses among species depending on conditions; inter-annual variation in δ15N was minimal, while E. triacantha was the only species with notably lower body condition in 2016. We conclude that ENSO conditions around the northern Antarctic Peninsula may result in a more favorable feeding environment for all euphausiid species except E. triacantha, which may be the most negatively impacted by the predicted increase in ENSO conditions.
Representational formats of human memory traces
Authors: Heinen Rebekka , Bierbrauer Anne , Wolf Oliver T. , Axmacher Nikolai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNeural representations are internal brain states that constitute the brain’s model of the external world or some of its features. In the presence of sensory input, a representation may reflect various properties of this input. When perceptual information is no longer available, the brain can still activate representations of previously experienced episodes due to the formation of memory traces. In this review, we aim at characterizing the nature of neural memory representations and how they can be assessed with cognitive neuroscience methods, mainly focusing on neuroimaging. We discuss how multivariate analysis techniques such as representational similarity analysis (RSA) and deep neural networks (DNNs) can be leveraged to gain insights into the structure of neural representations and their different representational formats. We provide several examples of recent studies which demonstrate that we are able to not only measure memory representations using RSA but are also able to investigate their multiple formats using DNNs. We demonstrate that in addition to slow generalization during consolidation, memory representations are subject to semantization already during short-term memory, by revealing a shift from visual to semantic format. In addition to perceptual and conceptual formats, we describe the impact of affective evaluations as an additional dimension of episodic memories. Overall, these studies illustrate how the analysis of neural representations may help us gain a deeper understanding of the nature of human memory.
Analyses of sex-based clinicopathological differences among patients with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms in Europe
Authors: Jann Henning , Krieg Sarah , Krieg Andreas , Eschrich Johannes , Luedde Tom , Kostev Karel , Loosen Sven , Roderburg Christoph 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have found variations in cancer types, tumor progression, and disease outcomes between men and women. However, there is limited knowledge of the effect of sex on gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (GI-NENs).

Methods
We identified 1354 patients with GI-NEN from the IQVIA’s Oncology Dynamics database. Patients were derived from four European countries (Germany, France, the United Kingdom (UK), Spain). Clinical and tumor related characteristics including patients' age, tumor stage, tumor grading and differentiation, frequency and sites of metastases, as well as co-morbidities were analyzed as a function of patients´ sex.

Results
Among the 1354 included patients, 626 were female and 728 were male. The median age was similar between both groups (w: 65.6 years, SD: 12.1 vs. m: 64.7 years; SD: 11.9; p = 0.452). UK was the country with the most patients, however, there was no differences in the sex ratio between the different countries. Among documented co-morbidities, asthma was more often diagnosed in women (7.7% vs. 3.7%), while COPD was more prevalent in men (12.1% vs. 5.8%). The ECOG performance states was comparable between females and males. Of note, the patients´ sex was not associated with tumor origin (e.g., pNET or siNET). Females were overrepresented among G1 tumors (22.4% vs. 16.8%), however, median proliferation rates according to Ki-67 were similar between both groups. In line, no differences in tumor stages was found and rates of metastases as well as the specific sites of metastases were similar between males and females. Finally, no differences in the applied tumor specific treatments between the both sexes became apparent.

Conclusion
Females were overrepresented among G1 tumors. No further sex-specific differences became apparent, highlighting that sex-related factors might play a rather subordinate role in the pathophysiology of GI-NENs. Such data may help to better understand the specific epidemiology of GI-NEN.
Immunization in the Threshold Model: A Parameterized Complexity Study
Authors: Cordasco Gennaro , Gargano Luisa , Rescigno Adele A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe consider the problem of keeping under control the spread of harmful items in networks, such as the contagion proliferation of diseases or the diffusion of fake news. We assume the linear threshold model of diffusion where each node has a threshold that measures the node’s resistance to the contagion. We study the parameterized complexity of the problem: Given a network, a set of initially contaminated nodes, and two integers k and $$\ell $$
ℓ
, is it possible to limit the diffusion to at most k other nodes of the network by immunizing at most $$\ell $$
ℓ
nodes? We consider several parameters associated with the input, including the bounds k and $$\ell $$
ℓ
, the maximum node degree $$\Delta $$
Δ
, the number $$\zeta $$
ζ
of initially contaminated nodes, the treewidth, and the neighborhood diversity of the network. We first give W[1] or W[2]-hardness results for each of the considered parameters. Then we give fixed-parameter algorithms for some parameter combinations.