bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating compliance with UN Security Council Resolution 1540 on nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction
Authors: Holmes John , von Winterfeldt Detlof 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOn April 28, 2004, the United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1540. It requires countries to develop and enforce legal and regulatory measures against the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) and their means of delivery, with a focus on the spread to nonstate actors. To date, compliance with UNSCR 1540 has been challenging. Data included in the UNSCR 1540 Committee 2016 report indicate that approximately 35 countries, or 18% of the UN member states, have implemented 70% of the Resolution's requirements. This article uses a multimethod approach to evaluate compliance with UNSCR 1540, including key‐word analysis of existing literature to identify compliance factors and a quantitative evaluation method, based on weighting and scoring of these factors by the authors. The model was vetted by a panel of experts and tested on a sample of 12 countries showing that the compliance scores derived from the model correspond to the experts’ wholistic judgments about compliance and agreement with the scores of more complex models.
A review on the utility potential of rice derived products in weed management
Authors: Mai Nguyen Phuong , Xuan Tran Dang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRice, one of the most economically significant staple food crops, is widely cultivated worldwide. The abiotic factors exhibit linear correlations with environmental fluctuations, while biotic factors, although indirectly related, also significantly affect rice production yields. Among them, weeds pose the most threat as they are direct natural enemies to rice plants in the field. The herbicides are effective but their curious use is suggested due to their adverse effects on human health and the environment. Utilizing natural‐origin weed control chemicals, such as natural compounds from rice, holds significant potential as the preference for organic products grows increasingly popular. Among these, the perspicacious utilization of abundant biomass sources from rice by‐products, such as husks and straws, is a wise strategy in sustainable agriculture practices through the exploration and application of rice allelopathy. Therefore, this review put forward insights into the rice‐derived product potential for the development of natural‐based herbicides, contributing to sustainable weed management. In addition, various types of weed inhibitors from rice, including momilactones and phenolics, their mechanisms of action, and techniques for isolating and identifying these compounds in rice are discussed. The factors influencing allelochemical production in plants and their potential applications in sustainable agriculture are also presented. Plant growth inhibitors derived from rice could offer safer, natural herbicides while reducing labor‐intensive field work as compared to the incorporation of rice by‐products at 1–2 tons/ha in the fields to manage weeds. Several rice allelochemicals, including momilactones A and B, serve as phytoalexins and protectors against salinity and drought and should be further explored to utilize their potential for sustainable agricultural production.
On the Construction of Explicit Analytical Driving Forces for Crack Nucleation in the Phase Field Approach to Brittle Fracture With Application to Mohr–Coulomb and Drucker–Prager Strength Surfaces
Authors: Chockalingam S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A series of recent papers have modified the classical variational phase field fracture models to successfully predict both the nucleation and propagation of cracks in brittle fracture under general loading conditions. This is done through the introduction of a consistent crack nucleation driving force in the phase field governing equations, which results in the model being able to capture both the strength surface and fracture toughness of the material. This driving force has been presented in the literature for the case of Drucker–Prager strength surface and specific choice of stress states on the strength surface that are captured exactly for finite values of the phase field regularization length ε. Here, we present an explicit analytical expression for this driving force given a general material strength surface when the functional form of the strength locus is linear in the material parameter coefficients. In the limit ε→0, the formulation reproduces the exact material strength surface and for finite ε the strength surface is captured at any n ‘distinct’ points on the strength surface where n is the minimum number of material coefficients required to describe it. The presentation of the driving force in the current work facilitates the easy demonstration of its consistent nature. Furthermore, in the equation governing crack nucleation, the toughness in the classical models is shown to be replaced by an effective toughness in the modified theory that is dependent on the stress. The derived analytical expressions are verified via application to the widely employed Mohr–Coulomb and Drucker–Prager strength surfaces.
A Qualitative Exploration of Sport and Exercise Psychology Practitioners’ Perceptions and Experiences of Using Think Aloud in Applied Practice
Authors: Whitehead Amy E. , Jackman Patricia C. , Vaughan Steven , Swettenham Laura , Birch Phil , Tod David , McEwan Hayley E. 
Published: January 2025

Aims: Think aloud (TA) is a tool that has been used in sport and exercise psychology research and applied contexts to understand participants’ cognitions. We aimed to explore applied sport and exercise psychologists (ASEPs’) perceptions of using TA in their applied practice. Method: Following a workshop on TA, 10 ASEPs engaged in semistructured interviews about their experiences of using TA with clients. Data were analyzed via content analysis. Results: TA was used as part of the needs-analysis process and to facilitate reflection and evaluation. The following considerations were highlighted: client factors (e.g., individual differences), consulting factors (i.e., teaching participants how to TA), and the client–consultant relationship (i.e., strength of the working alliance). Conclusion: This is the first study to consider ASEPs’ perspectives on how TA can be used in applied practice, and it offers considerations to ASEPs on the use of TA as a tool in service delivery.
$$\rho $$ meson transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions
Authors: Zhang Jin-Li , Wu Jun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this paper, the light-front wave functions (LFWFs) of the $$\rho $$
ρ
meson are evaluated in the framework of the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model using the proper time regularization scheme. The transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions (TMDs) of the $$\rho $$
ρ
meson are derived from the overlap representations of the LFWFs. We investigate the $$\varvec{k}_{\perp }$$

k

⊥

-weighted moments and the x-dependent average transverse momentum $$\langle k_{\perp }^n(x)\rangle _{\alpha }$$

⟨

k

⊥

n

(
x
)

⟩

α

of $$\rho $$
ρ
meson TMDs. The $$\langle k_{\perp }^n(x)\rangle _{\alpha }$$

⟨

k

⊥

n

(
x
)

⟩

α

shows the typical transverse momenta of quark TMDs in our model. Our findings indicate that the average transverse momenta of $$\langle k_{\perp }(x)\rangle _{\alpha }$$

⟨

k
⊥

(
x
)

⟩

α

fall within the range of [0.3, 0.45] GeV, while $$\langle k_{\perp }^2(x)\rangle _{\alpha }$$

⟨

k

⊥

2

(
x
)

⟩

α

are in the region of [0.15, 0.30] $$GeV^2$$

G
e

V
2

. Our TMDs and parton distribution functions (PDFs) exhibit excellent adherence to positive constraints. The investigation of spin densities within the $$\rho $$
ρ
meson in transverse momentum space reveals axially symmetric distributions for quarks and targets polarized in either the longitudinal or transverse direction. Conversely, unpolarized symmetric distributions occur when the quark is longitudinally polarized and the target is transversely polarized, while exhibiting dipolar distortions in the opposite scenario. A comparison between TMDs from LFWFs and those from a covariant approach demonstrates that TMDs from LFWFs more effectively satisfy positive constraints than their counterparts from the covariant approach. Furthermore, the x-moments of $$\rho $$
ρ
meson PDFs indicate that $$\langle x\rangle _{g_L}$$

⟨
x
⟩

g
L

is larger using LFWFs than with the covariant approach. Additionally, analysis of quark spin densities within the $$\rho $$
ρ
meson reveals that $$\rho _{\uparrow \downarrow }\left( k_x,k_y\right) =f-g_L-\frac{1}{3}f_{LL}$$

ρ

↑
↓

k
x

,

k
y

=
f
-

g
L

-

1
3

f

LL

yields a negative result using the covariant approach, whereas $$\rho _{\uparrow \downarrow }\left( k_x,k_y\right) $$

ρ

↑
↓

k
x

,

k
y

derived from LFWFs produces a positive outcome.
Bluebell: An Alliance of Relational Lifting and Independence for Probabilistic Reasoning
Authors: Bao Jialu , D'Osualdo Emanuele , Farzan Azadeh 
Published: January 2025

We present Bluebell, a program logic for reasoning about

probabilistic programs where unary and relational styles of reasoning

come together to create new reasoning tools. Unary-style reasoning is

very expressive and is powered by foundational mechanisms to reason

about probabilistic behavior like
independence
and
conditioning
. The relational style of reasoning, on the other

hand, naturally shines when the properties of interest
compare
the behavior of similar programs (e.g. when proving differential

privacy) managing to avoid having to characterize the output

distributions of the individual programs. So far, the two styles of

reasoning have largely remained separate in the many program logics

designed for the deductive verification of probabilistic programs. In

Bluebell, we unify these styles of reasoning through the introduction of

a new modality called “joint conditioning” that can encode and

illuminate the rich interaction between
conditional

independence
and
relational liftings
; the two powerhouses

from the two styles of reasoning.
Figure 1 from Preclinical Development of T Cells Engineered to Express a T-Cell Antigen Coupler Targeting Claudin 18.2–Positive Solid Tumors
Authors: Xu Stacey X. , Wang Ling , Ip Philbert , Randhawa Ritu R. , Benatar Tania , Prosser Suzanna L. , Lal Prabha , Khan Alima Naim , Nitya-Nootan Thanyashanthi , Thakor Gargi , MacGregor Heather , Hayes Danielle L , Vucicevic Andrea , Mathew Princy , Sengupta Sadhak , Helsen Christopher W. , Bader Andreas G. 
Published: January 2025

<p>TAC01-CLDN18.2 phenotype and specificity. <b>A,</b> Schematic of the CLDN18.2-TAC receptor (blue). <b>B,</b> Left, Flow cytometry analysis of surface CD69 (<i>y</i>-axis) vs. TAC receptor (<i>x</i>-axis) of NTD control (top) and CLDN18.2-TAC T cells (bottom). Right, Histograms of flow cytometry data from three TAC01-CLDN18.2 products and three corresponding NTD products showing the minimum, maximum, and mean of CD4<sup>+</sup> (top) and CD8<sup>+</sup> (bottom) T-cell memory phenotypes gated as follows: TSCM (CD45RA<sup>+</sup>, CCR7<sup>+</sup>, CD62L<sup>+</sup>), TCM (CD45RA<sup>−</sup>, CCR7<sup>+</sup>, CD62L<sup>+</sup>), TEM (CD45RA<sup>−</sup>, CCR7<sup>−</sup>, CD62L<sup>−</sup>), and TEMRA (CD45RA<sup>+</sup>, CCR7<sup>−</sup>, CD62L<sup>−</sup>). <b>C,</b> Lack of cross-reactivity against human CLDN18.1. Left, Flow cytometry analysis of CLDN18.1 and CLDN18.2 surface expression in N87 cells ectopically expressing human CLDN18.1 and CLDN18.2 using a pan-specific anti-CLDN18 antibody recognizing both isoforms. Right, Flow analysis of CD69 surface expression in CLDN18.2-TAC T and NTD control T cells after a 4-hour coculture with target cells, as indicated. <b>D,</b> Cross-reactivity with murine CLDN18.2. Left: ddPCR mRNA analysis of human and mouse <i>CLDN18.2</i> in N87 cells ectopically expressing the human (hCLDN18.2) and murine (mCLDN18.2) homologs as well as stomach and lung tissues from naïve NSG mice. Right, Flow analysis of CD69 surface expression in CLDN18.2-TAC T and NTD cells after a 4-hour coculture with target cells. Averages and SDs derived from three cell products manufactured from three separate donors are shown (<b>C</b> and <b>D</b>). MFI, median fluorescence intensity; mus, Mus musculus v. alba; ND, not detected; n.s., not statistically significant (two-way ANOVA, alpha = 0.05); TEM; effector memory T cells; TEMRA; T cells that re-express CD45RA; TCM; central memory T cells; TSCM, stem cell-like memory T cells.</p>
The Bidirectional Interplay between T Cell–Based Immunotherapies and the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Pherez-Farah Alfredo , Boncompagni Gioia , Chudnovskiy Aleksey , Pasqual Giulia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
T cell–based therapies, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy, T-cell receptor–engineered T cells, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells, are powerful therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. Whereas these therapies are primarily known for their direct cytotoxic effects on cancer cells, accumulating evidence indicates that they also influence the tumor microenvironment (TME) by altering the cytokine milieu and recruiting additional effector populations to help orchestrate the antitumor immune response. Conversely, the TME itself can modulate the behavior of these therapies within the host by either supporting or inhibiting their activity. In this review, we provide an overview of clinical and preclinical data on the bidirectional influences between T-cell therapies and the TME. Unraveling the interactions between T cell–based therapies and the TME is critical for a better understanding of their mechanisms of action, resistance, and toxicity, with the goal of optimizing efficacy and safety.
Racism and Postpartum Blood Pressure in a Multiethnic Prospective Cohort
Authors: Janevic Teresa , Howell Frances M. , Burdick Micki , Nowlin Sarah , Maru Sheela , Boychuk Natalie , Oshewa Oluwadamilola , Monterroso Maria , McCarthy Katharine , Gundersen Daniel A. , Rodriguez Alva , Katzenstein Cecilia , Longley Regina , Whilby Kellee White , Lee Alison , Cabrera Camila , Lewey Jennifer , Howell Elizabeth A. , Levine Lisa D. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Postpartum hypertension is a key factor in racial-ethnic inequities in maternal mortality. Emerging evidence suggests that experiences of racism, both structural and interpersonal, may contribute to disparities. We examined associations between gendered racial microaggressions (GRMs) during obstetric care with postpartum blood pressure (BP).

METHODS:
We conducted a prospective postpartum cohort of 373 Asian, Black, and Hispanic people in New York City and Philadelphia. At delivery, we administered the GRM in obstetrics scale. We measured BP for 3 months using text-based monitoring. We estimated place-based structural racism with the Structural Racism Effect Index. We used mixed models to estimate associations between GRM and mean postpartum systolic BP and diastolic BP. We adjusted for race-ethnicity, education, body mass index, chronic hypertension (diagnosed at <20 weeks of gestation), age, and the Structural Racism Effect Index. We examined effect modification by hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and place-based structural racism.

RESULTS:
A total of 4.6% of participants had chronic hypertension, 20.9% had pregnancy hypertension, and 13.4% had preeclampsia, comprising a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy subgroup (n=117). A total of 37.5% of participants experienced ≥1 GRM. Participants who experienced ≥1 GRM versus none had 1.88 mm Hg higher systolic BP from days 1 to 10 (95% CI, −0.19 to 3.95) and 2.19 mm Hg higher systolic BP from days 11 to 85 (95% CI, 0.17–4.22). Associations followed a similar pattern for diastolic BP and were stronger among the hypertensive disorder of pregnancy subgroup. Participants experiencing GRM and a high Structural Racism Effect Index had systolic BP 7.55 mm Hg (95% CI, 3.41–11.69) and diastolic BP 6.03 mm Hg (95% CI, 2.66–9.41) higher than those with neither.

CONCLUSIONS:
Structural racism and interpersonal racism are associated with increased postpartum BP, potentially contributing to inequities in postpartum morbidity and mortality and lifecourse cardiovascular disease.
Optimal Word Reading Rate as Evidenced by Frequency-tagging Electrophysiology
Authors: Marchive Marion , Rossion Bruno , Lochy Aliette 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS) coupled with EEG has been used for a decade to measure word-selective neural responses in (a)typical adults and developmental readers. Here, we used this FPVS-EEG approach to evaluate suitable and optimal stimulation frequency rates for prelexical and lexical word-selective responses and relate these rates to typical reading speed and interindividual variability in reading performance. EEG was recorded in 41 healthy adults who viewed words inserted periodically (1 Hz) at four different stimulation frequency rates (4 Hz, 6 Hz, 10 Hz, and 20 Hz). At all these stimulation rates but the highest (20 Hz), we found typical left-lateralized, word-selective, occipito-temporal responses, larger for the prelexical (words in nonwords) than lexical (words in pseudowords) contrast. Although significant responses were found at all frequency rates, these responses were negligible at 20 Hz, without any evidence of left lateralization at this frequency. The largest occipito-temporal response was found at a 4 Hz base rate in both hemispheres for the prelexical contrast, with increased left lateralization for the lexical discrimination. Moreover, word-selective responses for this discrimination (lexical), only at 4 Hz, were related to reading speed. The optimal 4 Hz rate finding is in line with the mean reading speed for expert readers as assessed during text reading. Overall, these findings further validate and optimize the FPVS-EEG approach for rapid implicit measurement of word-selective neural responses.
Enacting and Experiencing Martyrdom in 4 Maccabees
Authors: Castelli Silvia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Building on second-generation cognitive criticism, notably enactivism, on studies of phonetic iconicity, especially on the use of prosodic and phonological effects to convey meaning, as well as on ancient reflections on enargeia, this article investigates the narrative and linguistic strategies used by 4 Maccabees to create enargeia/immersion in the scene of Eleazar’s martyrdom—one of 4 Maccabees’ most immersive scenes and one of the peaks of the story. Through a close reading focused on verbal forms (tenses and voices), prefixes, adverbial expressions, space markers, bodily movements, phonetic mimesis, prose rhythm, and metaphoric language, it argues that in this scene enargeia is achieved by a narrative carefully constructed through enactive style and linguistic strategies close to the audience’s non-mediated way of perception, highly effective in engaging the audience into an embodied experience of martyrdom.
Exploring the relationship of administrative burden with doctors’ motivation and patients’ experience of care: Evidence from primary healthcare in Catalonia
Authors: Ferraioli Francisco 
Published: January 2025

Administrative burden (AB) focuses on citizens’ subjective experiences upon facing administrative tasks as potential public policy beneficiaries. This paper examines the AB experienced by professionals in public healthcare, in this case, by general practitioners (GPs). After distinguishing between red tape and AB, we test whether the onerous experience of following guidelines and procedures is associated with their intrinsic motivation (IM) and, indirectly, with patient experience (PE). We base our analysis on surveys of GPs and PE and satisfaction in Catalonia. Using structural equation modelling, the study confirms a negative association between AB and doctors’ IM and a significant but smaller direct and mediated relationship between AB and PE. Efforts to increase professionals’ performance through standardization may increase service quality. This study shows the importance of considering the negative AB relationship between medical professionals and their patients. Points for practitioners This study underscores that although health authorities aim to improve performance through standardization, this often increases the AB on employees with strong professional identities, demotivating them and worsening patient care experiences. Practitioners and managers should consider not only the primary objectives of rules and procedures but also how they shape individual experiences, given their impact on overall organizational performance.
Transformational Teacher Leadership and Physical Education Students’ Intention to be Active: The Mediating Roles of Motor Self-Efficacy and Enjoyment
Authors: Sánchez García Carolina , Reigal Rafael Enrique , Hernández-Martos Jacobo , Hernandez-Mendo Antonio , Morales-Sánchez Verónica 
Published: January 2025

Previous research has highlighted positive associations between physical education (PE) teachers’ transformational leadership and their adolescent students’ intentions to be active. However, no prior investigators have addressed mediating variables of students’ motor self-efficacy and enjoyment. Our aim in this study was to re-analyze the relationships between teachers’ transformational leadership style and PE students’ intentions to be active, while also examining the roles of motor self-efficacy and enjoyment as potential mediators in these relationships. The 429 adolescents in our sample were aged 14–16 years ( M = 14.97, SD = 0.85). To assess these variables, we used the Transformational Teaching Questionnaire (TTQ), the Motor Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES), the Intrinsic Satisfaction in Sport Instrument (SSI-EF), and the Intention of Being Physically Active Scale (MIFA). A structural equation model revealed significant and positive relationships between all these variables. Indirect effects were found between a transformational teacher leadership style and students’ intentions to be active, through the students’ motor self-efficacy and enjoyment as mediator variables, with enjoyment the most important mediating variable. Motor self-efficacy and enjoyment mediated the relationship between the teacher’s transformational leadership and the intention to be active, as when students enjoyed themselves and felt capable of successfully performing an activity, they were more inclined to continue practicing that physical activity. This was likely the result of the support and individualized attention the teacher provided through transformational leadership. This type of leadership fosters an environment where students feel valued and motivated, increasing their positive experiences in physical education. Therefore, in this context, it is more likely that they will develop a stronger desire to remain physically active in the future. Thus, teachers might apply transformational leadership to promote students’ increased self-efficacy and enjoyment as a means of influencing their future adherence to active leisure time behaviors.