bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The economics of healthcare access: a scoping review on the economic impact of healthcare access for vulnerable urban populations in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: de Siqueira Filha Noemia Teixeira , Li Jinshuo , Phillips-Howard Penelope A. , Quayyum Zahidul , Kibuchi Eliud , Mithu Md Imran Hossain , Vidyasagaran Aishwarya , Sai Varun , Manzoor Farzana , Karuga Robinson , Awal Abdul , Chumo Ivy , Rao Vinodkumar , Mberu Blessing , Smith John , Saidu Samuel , Tolhurst Rachel , Mazumdar Sumit , Rosu Laura , Garimella Surekha , Elsey Helen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe growing urban population imposes additional challenges for health systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We explored the economic burden and inequities in healthcare utilisation across slum, non-slum and levels of wealth among urban residents in LMICs.MethodsThis scoping review presents a narrative synthesis and descriptive analysis of studies conducted in urban areas of LMICs. We categorised studies as conducted only in slums, city-wide studies with measures of wealth and conducted in both slums and non-slums settlements. We estimated the mean costs of accessing healthcare, the incidence of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) and the progressiveness and equity of health expenditures. The definitions of slums used in the studies were mapped against the 2018 UN-Habitat definition. We developed an evidence map to identify research gaps on the economics of healthcare access in LMICs.ResultsWe identified 64 studies for inclusion, the majority of which were from South-East Asia (59%) and classified as city-wide (58%). We found severe economic burden across health conditions, wealth quintiles and study types. Compared with city-wide studies, slum studies reported higher direct costs of accessing health care for acute conditions and lower costs for chronic and unspecified health conditions. Healthcare expenditures for chronic conditions were highest amongst the richest wealth quintiles for slum studies and more equally distributed across all wealth quintiles for city-wide studies. The incidence of CHE was similar across all wealth quintiles in slum studies and concentrated among the poorest residents in city-wide studies. None of the definitions of slums used covered all characteristics proposed by UN-Habitat. The evidence map showed that city-wide studies, studies conducted in India and studies on unspecified health conditions dominated the current evidence on the economics of healthcare access. Most of the evidence was classified as poor quality.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that city-wide and slums residents have different expenditure patterns when accessing healthcare. Financial protection schemes must consider the complexity of healthcare provision in the urban context. Further research is needed to understand the causes of inequities in healthcare expenditure in rapidly expanding and evolving cities in LMICs.
Gender differences in the ideal cutoffs of visceral fat area for predicting MAFLD in China
Authors: Yu Pingping , Yang Huachao , Qi Xiaoya , Bai Ruixue , Zhang Shouqin , Gong Jianping , Mei Ying , Hu Peng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Since the discovery of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in 2020, no report on the connection between the visceral fat area (VFA) and MAFLD has been published in China, and the ideal cutoffs of VFA for predicting MAFLD has not been determined so far. Thus, the purpose of this research was to clarify the relationship between VFA and MAFLD and the ideal cutoffs of VFA to predict MAFLD in the Chinese population.

Methods
Five thousand three hundred forty subjects were included in this research, with 30% randomly selected for the validation set (n = 1602) and 70% for the Training set (n = 3738). The association between VFA and MAFLD was determined by multiple logistic regression. ROC curves were used to evaluate the prediction effect of VFA on MAFLD.

Results
Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the VFA ORs (95% CIs) were 1.25 (1.20, 1.29) for women and 1.15 (1.12, 1.17) for men. Meanwhile, the VFA quartile OR (95% CI) were 3.07 (1.64, 5.75), 7.22 (3.97, 13.14), 18.91 (10.30, 34.71) for women and 3.07 (1.64, 5.75), 7.22 (3.97, 13.14),18.91 (10.30, 34.71) for men in the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups compared with Q1. The ROC curve showed the VFA, WC, WHR, and WHtR to predict MAFLD, the AUC value of VFA was the highest and the prediction effect was the best. The ideal cutoffs of VFA to predict MAFLD was 115.55 cm2 for women and 178.35 cm2 for men, and the AUC was 0.788 and 0.795, respectively. Finally, the AUC was 0.773 for women and 0.800 for men in the validation set.

Conclusion
VFA was an independent predictive factor for MAFLD, and the ideal cutoff of VFA to predict MAFLD was 115.55 cm2 in women and 178.35 cm2 in men.
TCMSID: a simplified integrated database for drug discovery from traditional chinese medicine
Authors: Zhang Liu-Xia , Dong Jie , Wei Hui , Shi Shao-Hua , Lu Ai-Ping , Deng Gui-Ming , Cao Dong-Sheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTraditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been widely used in the treatment of various diseases for millennia. In the modernization process of TCM, TCM ingredient databases are playing more and more important roles. However, most of the existing TCM ingredient databases do not provide simplification function for extracting key ingredients in each herb or formula, which hinders the research on the mechanism of actions of the ingredients in TCM databases. The lack of quality control and standardization of the data in most of these existing databases is also a prominent disadvantage. Therefore, we developed a Traditional Chinese Medicine Simplified Integrated Database (TCMSID) with high storage, high quality and standardization. The database includes 499 herbs registered in the Chinese pharmacopeia with 20,015 ingredients, 3270 targets as well as corresponding detailed information. TCMSID is not only a database of herbal ingredients, but also a TCM simplification platform. Key ingredients from TCM herbs are available to be screened out and regarded as representatives to explore the mechanism of TCM herbs by implementing multi-tool target prediction and multilevel network construction. TCMSID provides abundant data sources and analysis platforms for TCM simplification and drug discovery, which is expected to promote modernization and internationalization of TCM and enhance its international status in the future. TCMSID is freely available at https://tcm.scbdd.com.
Formative research to promote lupus awareness and early screening at Historically Black College and University (HBCU) communities in South Carolina
Authors: Williams Edith M. , Nelson Joni , Francis Diane , Corbin Keesha , Link Gary , Caldwell Tomika , Gilkeson Gary 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Systemic lupus erythematosus or lupus is a severe chronic autoimmune disorder that disproportionately impacts young African Americans. Increasing lupus awareness in this high-risk group may be an effective approach to ultimately improving lupus outcomes. To begin to address this disparity, this report describes qualitative data to be utilized in the development of a campaign to enhance awareness of lupus on Historically Black Colleges and University (HBCU) campuses.

Methods
Two focus groups (N = 14) were held with African American students in the network of HBCU’s in South Carolina to examine perspectives of focus group participants on knowledge, awareness, and experiences with lupus.

Results
Five key emergent themes included: (1) Lupus Knowledge and Awareness, (2) Barriers for Not Seeking Healthcare, (3) Fatalism for Disease Burden, (4) Lifestyle Debilitation, and (5) Elevation of Education and Advocacy for Lupus. Additionally, five key recommendations emerged to improve lupus awareness and support, including: (1) remaining positive, (2) developing a supportive network, (3) the importance of increasing advocacy efficacy, and (4) messaging strategies around lupus, and (5) providing education to foster knowledge around the clinical impacts of lupus.

Conclusion
Participants in our study stressed the necessity of lupus education and awareness among African American youth and expressed the desire for resources that would enable them to advocate for themselves and their families. Given the early age of onset for lupus, it is therefore vital to include African American youth in increasing education and awareness about lupus.
The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in Western Australia
Authors: Almutairi Khalid , Inderjeeth Charles , Preen David B , Keen Helen , Nossent Johannes 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common form of autoimmune arthritis, but the prevalence in Australia is unknown. We estimated RA period prevalence and identified factors associated with frequent RA hospitalisations, using linked administrative health and state-specific Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) datasets in Western Australia (WA) from 1995 to 2014.

Methods
This was a longitudinal population-based cohort study using two independent datasets to identify prevalent RA patients. RA prevalence was calculated per 1000 hospital separations and biological therapy users. RA patients were identified in the WA linked health dataset using ICD codes 714.0–714.9 and M05.00–M06.99. Dispensing data on biological therapy for RA were obtained from PBS records and converted to defined daily doses /1000 population/day. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyse factors associated with frequent RA hospitalisations (> 2/year), controlling for sex, age, and geographic locations. Potential interactions were assessed using logistic regression in a stepwise approach.

Results
A total of 17,125 RA patients had 50,353 hospital separations between 1995 and 2014, averaging three hospitalisations per patient over 20 years. The RA period prevalence was 3.4 per 1000 separations (0.34%; 95% CI 0.33–0.34), while the RA period prevalence based on biological therapy use was 0.36% (95% CI 0.35–0.37). The corrected RA prevalence based on biological therapy usage was 0.36% (95% CI 0.35–0.37) for the 2005–2009 and increased to 0.72% (95% CI 0.70–0.74) in 2010–2014 period. Associated factors for frequent RA hospitalisations were being female [1.21 (95% CI 1.15–1.26)], aged 60–69 years [4.45 (95% CI 3.74–5.30)], living in rural areas [1.12 (95% CI 1.02–1.24)]. The odd ratio of interaction between these associated factors was 1.34 (95% CI 1.16–1.55).

Conclusion
The minimal prevalence of RA in Western Australia is 0.34–0.36%, which falls within the literature range. Older female RA patients in rural were more likely to be hospitalised, suggesting unmet primary care for needs.
Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Mental Wellbeing of Healthcare Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Meesala Rama Devi  , Moravineni Usha Rani  
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND
COVID 19 pandemic posed a varied group of challenges to health care workers (HCWs) like new disease with no treatment, less treatment options available, worry for infection to family members, shortage of personal protective equipment (PPEs), uncertainty, and stress associated with lockdowns. HCWs are highly vulnerable to negative mental distress; this psychological distress varies in different group of HCWs and also on different psychological domains. In this study, we wanted to assess the impact of COVID 19 on the psychological well-being of health care professionals when providing care to COVID-19 patients.
METHODS
A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on doctors providing care to COVID -19 patients at King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam, during the second wave of COVID from March 2021 to December 2021. The questionnaire included three domains – Personal questions, work related questions, and pandemic related questions. The response to the questions was recorded in Likert’s scale.
RESULTS
50 (50.00 %) were sometimes physically exhausted, 49 (49.00 %) participants were sometimes emotionally exhausted, and 46 (46.00 %) participants reported that sometimes they felt worn out (extremely tired). 54 (54.00 %) participants reported that sometimes they were frustrated with their work, and 46 (46.00 %) participants reported sometimes feeling burnt out because of the work. 48 (48.00 %) participants reported sometimes feeling depressed, 38 (38.00 %) participants stated sometime having a fear of catching COVID-19 infection, and 44 (44.00 %) participants reported consistently having to fear of family members getting infected due to the exposure in work environment.
CONCLUSIONS
In total, COVID-19 had a negative effect on psychological well-being of the HCWs, but that was not severe to cause any specific psychological disorders. There was no significant difference in mental health impact between the genders and age groups of the participants.
ATIVIDADES FARMACÊUTICAS CLÍNICAS NA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA E CENTROS DE ATENÇÃO PSICOSSOCIAL EM UM MUNICÍPIO BAIANO, BRASIL
Authors: De Oliveira Bruna Santos , Costa Lenina Damasceno , Araújo Patrícia Sodré , Pacheco Mila Palma , Leal Pires Acássia Benjamin 
Published: December 2022

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e descrever as atividades de natureza clínica desenvolvidas pelos farmacêuticos das Unidades Básicas de Saúde e Centros de Atenção Psicossocial do município de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de natureza exploratória e abordagem quantitativa com variáveis selecionadas a partir de roteiro de entrevistas aplicado à população do estudo. Foram entrevistados 34 farmacêuticos, dos quais 76,5% afirmaram realizar a dispensação e entrega de medicamentos aos usuários; 52,9% afirmaram não realizar atividades de natureza clínica. Os motivos principais para a não realização de atividades clínicas incluíram falta de espaço físico, tempo e ausência de solicitação para realizar a atividade. Entre os que afirmaram realizar as atividades de natureza clínica, a oferta ocorria para usuários com dificuldades de uso de medicamentos. O município possui número insuficiente de farmacêuticos para atender as demandas da Assistência Farmacêutica. A maioria dos profissionais possui carga horária de 20 horas, e realiza principalmente dispensação de medicamentos. É necessário melhor estruturação dos serviços farmacêuticos no município, com ampliação do número de farmacêuticos e da carga horária, além de melhorias na estrutura física para o atendimento às necessidades de saúde dos pacientes relacionadas ao uso de medicamentos.
Develoment of The Computer Simulation of Oscillation in Physics Learning
Authors: Sumardi Y , Amalia A F , Prabowo U N 
Published: December 2022

The simplest mechanical system that shows such motion oscillation is a simple pendulum, which consists of a mass suspended from a rope, so that it can swing freely in response to the force of gravity. This teaching material is in the Fundamental Physics subject. Other teaching materials related to oscillation motion are simple linear harmonic oscillations. This research aimed to develop the computer simulation of oscillation in physics learning by using MATLAB. The use of simulations within teaching process had a positive impact on students’ being able to predict and explain the phenomena. It also designed to provide possibility to explore physics phenomenon which cannot be realized in school conditions. The simulation can direct the student to reveal the existence of equilibrium between the two sides of an equation rather than causal relations. The research method used was Research and Development (RD) developed by Borg Gall (1983) for developing educational products. They are the pre-product form was developed by creating computer programs based on algorithms, validation through forum group discussion carried out by several lecturers to provide validation of the pre-product, major product revision, the pre-trial by 10 students, operational product revision, the operational product trial carried out by a class of students at the computer laboratory, final product revision, and dissemination.The steps were research and information collection, planning, develop a preliminary form of product, preliminary testing, main product revision, main field testing, and operational product revision. In the step of the main field testing, it was applied to the class of students. The 33 students and 6 lecturers were asked to respond about it. A qualitative test review was conducted through expert judgement for validation. They provided an assessment of suitability between the item with the indicator in the form of a Likert scale with five answer options. Based on expert judgment realated to the feasibility of the test, V Aiken index is also calculated. The data analysis techniques were descriptive analysis conducted using Micros oft Excel and continued by looking for effective constributions to the relationship of each independent variable to work readiness. According to the statements of questionnaire given from the lecturers, the computer simulation of oscillation felt into a good and very good category. Meanwhile, the students’ responses showed that it was fair, good, and very good. The oscillation simulation software developed has good criteria and is suitable for use in learning oscillation systems. The benefit of this research is to determine the form of the wave propagation simulation and its superposition which later can be used for physics research and suitable for students to learn physics.
Diagnóstico do Conflito de Uso do Solo em Áreas de Preservação Permanente da Microbacia Água da Ema, Rolândia – PR.
Authors: Ribeiro Fernanda Leite , Nardini Rafael Calore , Nascimento Késia Nogueira , Pinheiro Luiz Felipe Fagundes , Saito Mariana Yukari 
Published: December 2022

Este estudo visou obter o diagnóstico dos conflitos de uso do solo em áreas de preservação permanentes da microbacia Água da Ema, no município de Rolândia - Paraná, partir da utilização de imagens de satélite. Para a elaboração dos mapas foi utilizado o software AutoCad Map 3D Raster Design. A base cartográfica utilizada foi a carta planialtimétrica em formato digital, Folha de Arapongas, em escala 1:50.000, e a imagem de satélite do Google Earth Pro 2018. Foram identificadas nove classes de uso do solo, sendo culturas anuais a classe de uso predominante, ocupando 892,72 ha (35,32%) da área total da microbacia. A simulação das áreas de preservação permanente mostra que a microbacia deveria ter 94,04 ha de mata ciliar ao redor das nascentes e ao longo dos canais da rede de drenagem. Foram identificadas quatro classes de uso conflitantes em APP, destacando-se culturas anuais com 2,19ha e pasto sujo com 2,13ha. O software AutoCad mostrou-se como uma alternativa de ferramenta para a determinação e mapeamento do uso e conflito de uso do solo em áreas de preservação permanente, servindo de base para estudos futuros visando a conservação e preservação dos recursos hídricos.
Bir Almanca Ders Kitabının Kültürel Öğeler Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÇEBİ Rüveyda Hicran 
Published: December 2022

Although foreign language education is mainly based on four basic skills (reading, listening, writing, and speaking), culture is also regarded as an integral part of it. In other words, language teaching and culture teaching cannot be separated from eac other. How people who speak a language think and behave, how they perceive the events and situations may be understood from the words that those people use, and all these are the components of what is referred to as culture.
For this reason, cultural elements and values should be incorporated into the course content of all levels while teaching a language. This study aims to investigate how often the Menschen B1.1 German coursebook deals with cultural elements of the target language. In this study, the content analysis method was adopted by using "Target culture checklist that can be used in foreign language coursebooks" created by Saraç and Arıkan (2010). The checklist consists of two sub-scales and thirty-one items. The results of the study revealed that the Menschen B1.1 coursebook contains many items in the checklist, however, it does not meet the certain items. It was found that the coursebook mainly deals with sub-cultural elements, while it does not include sub-titles such as literature, science, and film.
Design, optimization and Real Time implementation of a new Embedded Chien Search Block for Reed-Solomon (RS) and Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes on FPGA Board
Authors: WAHBI Azeddine , El Idrissi Anas El Habti El Idrissi , Roukhe Ahmed , Bensassi Bahloul , Hlou Laamari 
Published: December 2022

The development of error correcting codes has been a major concern for communications systems. Therefore, RS and BCH (Reed-Solomon and Bose, Ray-Chaudhuri and Hocquenghem) are effective methods to improve the quality of digital transmission. In this paper a new algorithm of Chien Search block for embedded systems is proposed. This algorithm is based on a factorization of error locator polynomial. i.e, we can minimize an important number of logic gates and hardware resources using the FPGA card. Consequently, it reduces the power consumption with a percentage which can reach 40 % compared to the basic RS and BCH decoder. The proposed system is designed, simulated using the hardware description language (HDL) and Quartus development software. Also, the performance of the designed embedded Chien search block for decoder RS\BCH (255, 239) has been successfully verified by implementation on FPGA board.