bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How vortex dynamics affects the structural load in step cylinder flow
Authors: Tian Cai , Zhu Jianxun , Holmedal Lars Erik , Andersson Helge I. , Jiang Fengjian , Pettersen Bjørnar 
Published: September 2023

The vortex dynamics and the structural load in a step cylinder (consisting of a small, d, and a large, D, cylinder) flow are investigated numerically at Reynolds number (

$Re_D$

) 150 for diameter ratios

$D/d=2.0, 2.4$

and 2.8. First, the formation mechanism of a non-uniform oblique vortex shedding (the vortex shedding frequency remains unchanged as the oblique shedding angle varies) behind the small cylinder is explained: an increase in the production rate of the vortex strength and a farther downstream movement of the vortex formation position occur simultaneously as the vicinity of the step is approached along the small cylinder. Second, the structural load (the drag and lift) along the step cylinder is investigated, where four local extremes (two local minima and two local maxima) are observed. An in-depth investigation of the vortex dislocation effects on the structural load is provided, showing that the decreased circulation in the near wake and the weakened staggered Kármán vortex shedding pattern cause a major reduction (90 %) of the sectional lift amplitude and a relatively modest reduction (5.7 %) of the sectional drag amplitude, compared with the corresponding sectional force when no vortex dislocation occurs. This new knowledge combined with the three-dimensional effect of the step cylinder wake (caused by the blending of the small and larger cylinder wakes around the step) explain the formation of the four local extremes and the distribution of the structural load between them. Finally, it is found that the increasing

$D/d$

amplifies the structural load variation along the step cylinder.
Neural activations during cognitive and affective theory of mind processing in healthy adults with a family history of alcohol use disorder
Authors: Schmid F. , Henry A. , Benzerouk F. , Barrière S. , Portefaix C. , Gondrexon J. , Obert A. , Kaladjian A. , Gierski F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundSocial cognition impairments are a common feature of alcohol use disorders (AUD). However, it remains unclear whether these impairments are solely the consequence of chronic alcohol consumption or whether they could be a marker of vulnerability.MethodsThe present study implemented a family history approach to address this question for a key process of social cognition: theory of mind (ToM). Thirty healthy adults with a family history of AUD (FH+) and 30 healthy adults with a negative family history of AUD (FH−), matched for age, sex, and education level, underwent an fMRI cartoon-vignette paradigm assessing cognitive and affective ToM. Participants also completed questionnaires evaluating anxiety, depressive symptoms, childhood trauma, and alexithymia.ResultsResults indicated that FH+ individuals differed from FH− individuals on affective but not cognitive ToM processing, at both the behavioral and neural levels. At the behavioral level, the FH+ group had lower response accuracy for affective ToM compared with the FH− group. At the neural level, the FH+ group had higher brain activations in the left insula and inferior frontal cortex during affective ToM processing. These activations remained significant when controlling for depressive symptoms, anxiety, and childhood trauma.ConclusionsThese findings highlight difficulties during affective ToM processing among first-degree relatives of AUD patients, supporting the idea that some of the impairments exhibited by these patients may already be present before the onset of AUD and may be considered a marker of vulnerability.
The atomic properties of stress
Authors: Koser Nate 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article posits a theory of iterative stress that separates each facet of the stress map into its constituent parts, or ‘atoms’. Through the well-defined notion of complexity provided by Formal Language Theory, it is shown that this division of the stress map results in a more restrictive characterisation of iterative stress than a single-function analysis does. While the single-function approach masks the complexity of the atomic properties present in the pattern, the compositional analysis makes it explicitly clear. It also demonstrates the degree to which, despite what appear to be significant surface differences in the patterns, the calculation of the stress function is largely the same, even between quantity-sensitive and quantity-insensitive patterns. These stress compositions are limited to one output-local function to iterate stress, and a small number of what I call edge-oriented functions to provide ‘cleanup’ when the iteration function alone fails to capture the pattern.
Multi‐Approach Analysis of Baroclinic Internal Tide Perturbation in the Ionian Sea Abyssal Layer (Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Giambenedetti B. , Lo Bue N. , Kokoszka F. , Artale V. , Falcini F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDespite being widely recognized, the importance of deep layers thermohaline and mixing processes in the ocean circulation and variability is still poorly investigated, especially in the Mediterranean Sea. This limits understanding and parametrizing deep dynamics, which result in evident biases in the global circulation representation by observations and numerical ocean simulations. Having access to hydrological datasets, collected on a whole water column, we investigated the abyssal stratification and its variability of the Ionian Sea (Central Mediterranean). Applying multiple analyses, we found a tidal‐period oscillation and the resulting activation of mixing, pointing out that the combined effect of stratification, morphology, and tides has a key role in enhancing local diapycnal diffusivity in the deepest layers, being a mechanism that connects the whole water column with a compelling impact on the vertical transport of heat and tracers.
The Non‐Local Impacts of Antarctic Subglacial Runoff
Authors: Goldberg Daniel N. , Twelves Andrew G. , Holland Paul R. , Wearing Martin G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLittle is known about Antarctic subglacial hydrology, but based on modeling, theory and indirect observations it is thought that subglacial runoff enhances submarine melt locally through buoyancy effects. However, no studies to date have examined effects of runoff on sea ice and oceanography on the continental shelf. Here we use modeled and observational estimates of runoff to force a regional model of the Amundsen Sea Embayment. We find that runoff enhances melt locally (i.e., within the ice‐shelf cavity), increasing melt at Thwaites ice shelf by up to 15 Gt/a given estimates of steady runoff, and up to 25 Gt/a if runoff is episodic as remote sensing measurements suggest. However runoff also has smaller non‐local effects on melt through freshwater influence on flow and stratification. We further find that runoff reduces summer sea‐ice volume over the continental shelf (by up to 10% with steady runoff but over 30% with episodic runoff). Furthermore runoff is much more effective at reducing sea ice than an equivalent volume of ice‐shelf meltwater—due in part to the latent heat loss associated with submarine melting. Results suggest that runoff may play an important role in continental shelf dynamics, despite runoff flux being small relative to ice‐shelf melting—and that runoff‐driven melt and circulation may be an important process missing from regional Antarctic ocean models.
Do Salinity Variations Along the East Greenland Shelf Show Imprints of Increasing Meltwater Runoff?
Authors: Schiller‐Weiss Ilana , Martin Torge , Karstensen Johannes , Biastoch Arne 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAccelerated melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet is considered a tipping element in the freshwater balance of the subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA). The East Greenland Current (EGC) and Coastal Current (EGCC) are the major conduits for transporting Arctic‐sourced and Greenland glacial freshwater. Understanding freshwater changes in the EGC system and drivers thereof is crucial for connecting tipping elements in the SPNA. Using the eddy‐rich model VIKING20X (1/20°) and Copernicus GLORYS12 (1/12°), we find that from 1993 to 2019 freshwater remains close to the shelf with interannual extremes in freshwater content (FWC) attributable to the imprint of Greenland melt only in years 2010 and 2012. Runoff increased significantly from 1995 to 2005 and Arctic freshwater export after 2005. Overall, regional wind patterns, sea ice melt and increasingly glacial ice and snow meltwater runoff along with the Arctic‐sourced Polar Water set interannual FWC variations in the EGC system. We emphasize that these freshwater sources have different seasonal timing. South of 65°N sea ice melts year round and retreats to north of 65°N, where melt in summer prevails. Greenland runoff peaks in June–August with only some locations of year round discharge. Alongshore winds intensify in fall and winter where reduced onshore Ekman transport allows for freshwater to spread laterally in the EGC. We show that sea ice melt, runoff and wind can cause interannual variations of comparable magnitude. All of which makes attributing ocean freshening events to Greenland meltwater inflow at current magnitudes a major challenge.
Direct Observations of Wave‐Sea Ice Interactions in the Antarctic Marginal Ice Zone
Authors: Wahlgren S. , Thomson J. , Biddle L. C. , Swart S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWave energy propagating into the Antarctic marginal ice zone effects the quality and extent of the sea ice, and wave propagation is therefore an important factor for understanding and predicting changes in sea ice cover. Wave‐sea ice interactions are notoriously hard to model and in situ observations of wave activity in the Antarctic marginal ice zone are scarce, due to the extreme conditions of the region. Here, we provide new in situ data from two drifting Surface Wave Instrument Float with Tracking (SWIFT) buoys deployed in the Weddell Sea in the austral winter and spring of 2019. The buoy location ranges from open water to more than 200 km into the sea ice. We estimate the attenuation of swell with wave periods 8–18 s, and find an attenuation coefficient α = 4 · 10−6 to 7 · 10−5 m−1 in spring, and approximately five‐fold larger in winter. The attenuation coefficients show a power law frequency dependence, with power coefficient close to literature. The in situ data also shows a change in wave direction, where wave direction tends to be more perpendicular to the ice edge in sea ice compared to open water. A possible explanation for this might be a change in the dispersion relation caused by sea ice. These observations can help shed further light on the influence of sea ice on waves propagating into marginal ice zones, aiding development of coupled wave‐sea ice models.
A Two‐Fold Increase of Phosphorus in Alpine Ice Over the Twentieth Century: Contributions From Dust, Primary Biogenic Emissions, Coal Burning, and Pig Iron Production
Authors: Legrand Michel , McConnell Joseph R. , Bergametti Gilles , Plach Andreas , Desboeufs Karine , Chellman Nathan , Preunkert Susanne , Stohl Andreas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is a key nutrient for many organisms but its global atmospheric budget is largely unconstrained. Estimates of major emissions sources such as fossil‐fuel combustion range from ∼0.02 to 1.1 Tg yr−1, and primary biogenic emissions range from 0.16 to 1.0 Tg yr−1. Here we used detailed measurements of phosphorus in Alpine ice cores extracted from the Col du Dôme (CDD) glacier located near the Mont Blanc summit and atmospheric model simulations to evaluate changes in western European emissions from pre‐industrial (PI) to modern times. The ice‐core records show that P concentrations during the PI were about 0.9 ng g−1, of which one third was of crustal origin and two thirds the result of primary biogenic emissions. Concentrations were higher throughout the 20th century, reaching 2.5 ng g−1 in the 1980s. Analysis of source tracers measured in the same ice, commodity productions statistics, and other information suggest that the increase in P throughout the 20th century was caused by enhanced emissions from natural and anthropogenic sources. Coal burning and steel industry represented the main anthropogenic sources during the first and second half of the century, respectively. After 1950, the increase in P was also caused by enhanced dust emissions, with increased biogenic emissions caused by recent changes of use‐land also contributing. These findings provide important constraints on the atmospheric P budget at the scale of western Europe during the recent centuries.
Deciphering Permanent Uplift Along the Pacific Coast of South America Through Signal Analysis of Various Tectonic Processes
Authors: Freisleben Roland , Jara‐Muñoz Julius , Melnick Daniel , Molina Diego , Tassara Andrés , van der Beek Peter , Strecker Manfred R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe tectonically active South American margin is characterized by the accumulation of deformation contributing to uplift of the Andean forearc at millennial time scales. However, the mechanisms responsible for permanent coastal uplift are debated, mainly because methodologically consistent, continental‐scale analyses of uplifted terraces have not yet been carried out for South America. Uplifted marine terraces are generally used to infer permanent coastal deformation and uplift; we used almost 2,000 measurements of last‐interglacial marine terraces to calculate an uplift‐rate signal on which we performed a wavelength analysis. The same spectral analysis was applied to tectonic and subduction parameters associated with accumulation of permanent deformation to detect possible links with the uplift‐rate signal. The uplift‐rate signal displays a constant background‐uplift rate along the margin, perturbed by changes at variable wavelengths. Similarities between its wavelength spectrum and the spectra of tectonic parameters suggest potential correlations pointing toward underlying processes. For example, crustal faulting is mainly responsible for short‐wavelength deformation; intermediate‐wavelength to long‐wavelength tectonic features indicate various extents of locked areas on the megathrust that relate to its long‐term seismotectonic segmentation. We suggest that moderate, long‐term background uplift is caused by major, deep earthquakes near the Moho, although records of such events are sparse. Due to their disparate occurrence, we infer accumulation of permanent deformation over millennial time scales through multiple, distinct uplift phases that are spatially and temporally distributed. Our study highlights the application and utility of a signal‐analysis approach to elucidate the mechanisms driving surface deformation in subduction zones at a continental scale.
Lymph node metastasis in cancer progression: molecular mechanisms, clinical significance and therapeutic interventions
Authors: Ji Haoran , Hu Chuang , Yang Xuhui , Liu Yuanhao , Ji Guangyu , Ge Shengfang , Wang Xiansong , Wang Mingsong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLymph nodes (LNs) are important hubs for metastatic cell arrest and growth, immune modulation, and secondary dissemination to distant sites through a series of mechanisms, and it has been proved that lymph node metastasis (LNM) is an essential prognostic indicator in many different types of cancer. Therefore, it is important for oncologists to understand the mechanisms of tumor cells to metastasize to LNs, as well as how LNM affects the prognosis and therapy of patients with cancer in order to provide patients with accurate disease assessment and effective treatment strategies. In recent years, with the updates in both basic and clinical studies on LNM and the application of advanced medical technologies, much progress has been made in the understanding of the mechanisms of LNM and the strategies for diagnosis and treatment of LNM. In this review, current knowledge of the anatomical and physiological characteristics of LNs, as well as the molecular mechanisms of LNM, are described. The clinical significance of LNM in different anatomical sites is summarized, including the roles of LNM playing in staging, prognostic prediction, and treatment selection for patients with various types of cancers. And the novel exploration and academic disputes of strategies for recognition, diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions of metastatic LNs are also discussed.
Modulation of lytic molecules restrain serial killing in γδ T lymphocytes
Authors: Sandoz Patrick A. , Kuhnigk Kyra , Szabo Edina K. , Thunberg Sarah , Erikson Elina , Sandström Niklas , Verron Quentin , Brech Andreas , Watzl Carsten , Wagner Arnika K. , Alici Evren , Malmberg Karl-Johan , Uhlin Michael , Önfelt Björn 
Published: September 2023

Abstractγδ T cells play a pivotal role in protection against various types of infections and tumours, from early childhood on and throughout life. They consist of several subsets characterised by adaptive and innate-like functions, with Vγ9Vδ2 being the largest subset in human peripheral blood. Although these cells show signs of cytotoxicity, their modus operandi remains poorly understood. Here we explore, using live single-cell imaging, the cytotoxic functions of γδ T cells upon interactions with tumour target cells with high temporal and spatial resolution. While γδ T cell killing is dominated by degranulation, the availability of lytic molecules appears tightly regulated in time and space. In particular, the limited co-occurrence of granzyme B and perforin restrains serial killing of tumour cells by γδ T cells. Thus, our data provide new insights into the cytotoxic arsenal and functions of γδ T cells, which may guide the development of more efficient γδ T cell based adoptive immunotherapies.
Evolution of schooling drives changes in neuroanatomy and motion characteristics across predation contexts in guppies
Authors: Corral-Lopez Alberto , Kotrschal Alexander , Szorkovszky Alexander , Garate-Olaizola Maddi , Herbert-Read James , van der Bijl Wouter , Romenskyy Maksym , Zeng Hong-Li , Buechel Severine Denise , Fontrodona-Eslava Ada , Pelckmans Kristiaan , Mank Judith E. , Kolm Niclas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOne of the most spectacular displays of social behavior is the synchronized movements that many animal groups perform to travel, forage and escape from predators. However, elucidating the neural mechanisms underlying the evolution of collective behaviors, as well as their fitness effects, remains challenging. Here, we study collective motion patterns with and without predation threat and predator inspection behavior in guppies experimentally selected for divergence in polarization, an important ecological driver of coordinated movement in fish. We find that groups from artificially selected lines remain more polarized than control groups in the presence of a threat. Neuroanatomical measurements of polarization-selected individuals indicate changes in brain regions previously suggested to be important regulators of perception, fear and attention, and motor response. Additional visual acuity and temporal resolution tests performed in polarization-selected and control individuals indicate that observed differences in predator inspection and schooling behavior should not be attributable to changes in visual perception, but rather are more likely the result of the more efficient relay of sensory input in the brain of polarization-selected fish. Our findings highlight that brain morphology may play a fundamental role in the evolution of coordinated movement and anti-predator behavior.
Solid-state Lidar with wide steering angle using counter-propagating beams
Authors: He Yuxuan , Wang Qiang , Han Xu , Wang Zhonghan , Geng Wenpu , Fang Yuxi , Pan Zhongqi , Yue Yang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn a solid-state photonics-based Lidar, all essential components can be integrated into a silicon chip. It is simple and effective to use a tunable laser source to implement Lidar’s beam steering. However, how to effectively increase the steering angle in a small wavelength tuning range is usually a key challenge due to the limited material and waveguide dispersion. In Silicon-on-insulator waveguide, we design a novel solid-state Lidar using two trans-electrical (TE) polarized beams counter-propagating towards each other. Two corresponding output beams from just a single grating coupler (GC) can be seamlessly combined to double the beam steering angle. Furthermore, a low-priced solid-state Lidar is designed for TE polarized beams counter-propagating towards each other by using wavelength division multiplexed laser array.
The reputational and ethical consequences of deceptive chatbot use
Authors: McGuire Jack , De Cremer David , Hesselbarth Yorck , De Schutter Leander , Mai Ke Michael , Van Hiel Alain 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe use of chatbots is becoming widespread as they offer significant economic opportunities. At the same time, however, customers seem to prefer interacting with human operators when making inquiries and as a result are not as cooperative with chatbots when their use is known. This specific situation creates an incentive for organizations to use chatbots without disclosing this to customers. Will this deceptive practice harm the reputation of the organization, and the employees who work for them? Across four experimental studies, we demonstrate that prospective customers, who interact with an organization using chatbots, perceive the organization to be less ethical if the organization does not disclose the information about the chatbot to their customers (Study 1). Moreover, employees that work for an organization which requires them to facilitate the deceptive use of a chatbot exhibit greater turnover intentions (Study 2) and receive worse job opportunities from recruiters in both a hypothetical experimental setting (Study 3) and from professional job recruiters in the field (Study 4). These results highlight that using chatbots deceptively has far reaching negative effects, which begin with the organization and ultimately impact their customers and the employees that work for them.
The potential role of miRNAs and regulation of their expression in the development of mare endometrial fibrosis
Authors: Wójtowicz Anna , Molcan Tomasz , Lukasik Karolina , Żebrowska Ewelina , Pawlina-Tyszko Klaudia , Gurgul Artur , Szmatoła Tomasz , Bugno-Poniewierska Monika , Ferreira-Dias Graca , Skarzynski Dariusz J. , Szóstek-Mioduchowska Anna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMare endometrial fibrosis (endometrosis), is one of the main causes of equine infertility. Despite the high prevalence, both ethology, pathogenesis and the nature of its progression remain poorly understood. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators in multiple cellular processes and functions under physiological and pathological circumstances. In this article, we reported changes in miRNA expression at different stages of endometrosis and the effect of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 on the expression of the most dysregulated miRNAs. We identified 1, 26, and 5 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs), in categories IIA (mild fibrosis), IIB (moderate fibrosis), and III (severe fibrosis) groups compared to category I (no fibrosis) endometria group, respectively (Padjusted < 0.05, log2FC ≥ 1.0/log2FC ≤  − 1.0). This study indicated the potential involvement of miRNAs in the regulation of the process associated to the development and progression of endometrosis. The functional enrichment analysis revealed, that DEmiRs target genes involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinases, Hippo, and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signalling pathways, focal adhesion, and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction. Moreover, we demonstrated that the most potent profibrotic cytokine—TGF-β1—downregulated novel-eca-miR-42 (P < 0.05) expression in fibroblasts derived from endometria at early-stage endometrosis (category IIA).