bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of clinical profile and treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus in pediatric patients at a tertiary care centre
Authors: Chauhan Anuya V. , Pathak Gargi , Khare Prarthana 
Published: December 2022

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is multifactorial autoimmune disease that leads to destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells. Although exact etiology of T1DM is still unknown, researchers believe there is genetic predisposition, with strong link with specific HLA (DR and DQ2W) alleles. Treatment is directed at replacing missing hormone, insulin. After availability of more medical facilities, improvement in diagnosis and increasing awareness of diabetes, more cases of T1 DM have been diagnosed and treated. Aim of study were to study clinical profile of T1 DM in hospitalized children and to study effect of various insulin regimens in children with T1 DM.Methods: Study design was of prospective observational, carried out at paediatric ICU and pediatric wards of civil hospital Ahmedabad, conducted from 01 August 2017 to 31 July 2021 (4 years) and study population was 150. Results: Maximum numbers of patients (50.0%) were diagnosed as T1 DM in the age group of 5‐10 years in the present study. Diabetic ketoacidosis was the most common cause of hospitalization in 111 patients (74.3%). Most common presenting symptom in present study was polyuria and polydipsia (81.4%). In the present study, 88.6% patients were discharged. With basal bolus regimen, better glycaemic control was achieved. Incidence of hypoglycaemic events was also lesser (37.5%) with basal bolus regimen compared to split mix regimen (62.5%).Conclusions: Diabetic ketoacidosis was the most common cause of hospitalisation. Better glycemic control was achieved through Basal Bolus Regimen.
Contributors and associated risk factors of neonatal mortality in a tertiary care hospital in the sub-Himalayan region of West Bengal
Authors: Bagchi Nilay Ranjan 
Published: December 2022

Background: Lack of revision of knowledge on the magnitude of problem, cause and factors associated with neonatal mortality hampering early interventions and thus preventing reduction of neonatal mortality rate in India. Neonatal mortality statistics are sensitive indicators of the utility, convenience and effectiveness of maternal child health service in the community. This study was done to see the mortality pattern of neonates and contributing factors at the special newborn care unit (SNCU) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a rural tertiary care hospital so that special attention to those cause and factors can lead to favourable outcomes.Methods: This was a cross sectional retrospective study done in the SNCU and NICU of rural tertiary care centre of West Bengal for a period of three years with neonates admitted before 28 days of life. Data were collected in pre-designed proforma by analysing the case sheets from the records section of the hospital. Results were analysed by descriptive analytical method.Results: Total 13738 babies were admitted in the study period (7143 inborn and 6595 outborn). Majority of the inborns (86.8%) and outborns (68.4%) were discharged during that period while 9.4% inborns and 19.5% outborns were expired and only those expired cases were included in this study. HIE/moderate-severe birth asphyxia (41.2%) was the major contributor of death in inborns but in outborns the most common contributor of death was sepsis/pneumonia/meningitis (34.8%). Prematurity and low birth weight were the most common associated risk factors in both the groups.Conclusions: This study delineating the mortality patterns and associated risk factors of neonates in a rural tertiary care hospital of West Bengal which is unique in its kind. Outcome analysis showed that neonatal mortality rate for outborn babies was higher than in relevant recent studies.
Homeopathic treatment of COVID-19 caused by novel coronavirus SARS CoV2-a real-world experience
Authors: Arora Geeta Rani , Indani Ashish , Goyal Arti , Bhutada Poonam 
Published: December 2022

Background: The unprecedented healthcare challenge of COVID-19 uncovered a new set of challenges for therapy and management of infective conditions. The aim of the study was to established efficacy and safety homoeopathic medicines, which works on principles of similar symptomatology of the disease and the drug, individualization of therapy and hyper-attenuated prescriptions.Methods: The present study was a single centre, OPD based, prospective real-world, all-comer study that included 94 patients of COVID-19, diagnosed based on criteria advised by the Ministry of AYUSH).Results: In all, 94 all-comer, real-world patients of COVID-19 were included in the study, diagnosed on this basis of the MoH guidance criteria. All patients were symptomatic. The overall age of the patients was 40.98 ±19.98 years. Few patients [n=21 (16.84)] had comorbidities while a majority of patients [n=79 (83.16%)] had no notable comorbidity. All the patients were relieved to be asymptomatic in maximum 6 days. In the reversed calculation of Cohen’s D, indicated that the effect of therapy was significantly large. However, pertaining to the data volume, the effect size was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Individualized homeopathic medicine were effective in treatment of COVID-19. However, Bryonia alba and arsenic album were most commonly indicated medicines p overall <0.0001 (Chi square for equal distribution of top 10). Another trend observation established that Bryonia alba was most commonly indicated and effective medicine; hence a potential homeopathic medicine for epidemic (genus: Epidemicus).
Cardiac function’s in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Roy Rajesh , Solanki Bhagirath , Chawda Niraj , Jain Suresh , Sonkar Chetan , Patel Prashastee , Patel Jui , Pandit Heer , Vanpariya Nikunj , Radadiya Tejas , Bhattacharya Amal Kumar 
Published: December 2022

Background: To assess the cardiac functions in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods: 150 patients with CKD were randomly selected. 12 lead ECG were performed to detect CVD. All Patients were diagnosed with CKD. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and fractional shortening (FS) were taken as measures of LV systolic function. Diastolic function was determined by measuring early to late peak velocities (E/A) ratio by spectral Doppler LV inflow velocity. Results: Male: female 95 and 55, hypertension 67% was leading cause of CKD. Diastolic dysfunction as denoted by E/A ratio of less than 0.75 or more than 1.8 was present in 64% of patients. Regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA) was present in 14%. LVH was present in 74%. Systolic dysfunction as measured by reduced fractional shortening (<25%) and decreased LVEF (<52%) was present in 8% and 12% respectively. PE was noted in 15% of patients. Valvular calcification in 8% of CKD patients. Mean LV internal diameter in diastole was 41±6 mm. Mean Interventricular septum diameters in systole was11.9±1.21 mm. Mean LA diameter was 29±4 mm. Statistically significant difference was noted in LVH and E/A ratio in hypertensive group as compared to normotensive group.Conclusions: LV diastolic dysfunction also happens in patients who having the early stage of CKD. Hypertensive patients along with CKD had found higher widespread presence of diastolic and systolic dysfunction as compared to normotensive.
Prospective study on the functional outcome of septoplasty
Authors: Varghese Kulina A. , Alex Benjamin 
Published: December 2022

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> A thorough assessment of nasal obstruction remains a matter of debate with no accepted subjective and objective measurement tools. The purpose of this study was to use a cost-effective tool for objective assessment of nasal obstruction and compare it with subjective scores.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a longitudinal, prospective study conducted at a tertiary care center on patients undergoing septoplasty for deviated nasal septum (DNS) from March 2016 to August 2017. All patients were assessed pre- and post-operatively at 3 months with nasal peak inspiratory flow, sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT-22) and nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) questionnaire to determine post-operative improvement and correlation between objective and subjective scores. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 64 patients were included in the study with 16 females and 48 males. Male patients had higher peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) score post-operatively. Younger patients (less than 25 years) showed significant subjective improvement compared to older patients post-operatively using NOSE questionnaire. Significant improvement in PNIF, SNOT-22 and NOSE scores post-operatively using paired student-t test. There was moderate correlation between PNIF values and subjective scores before surgery and excellent correlation between the subjective SNOT-22 and NOSE scores before and after surgery.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> PNIF is a cheap, portable, and convenient method for assessing nasal patency. Subjective and objective scores have good correlation, with improvement in all scores post-surgery. Men may show more objective improvement and early intervention at younger age may provide more subjective improvement.</p>
Clinicopathological profile and outcomes of treatment of head and neck cancer patients in a tertiary care center: a hospital-based prospective study
Authors: Puthukudy Preetham A. , Feshan Musarrat , Satheesh Radhika 
Published: December 2022

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Globally head and neck cancers constitute among the 10 most common cancers. The study's main purpose was to study the epidemiological and demographic factors and outcomes of treatment of head and neck cancer patients in a tertiary centre. A Chi-square test was used to analyse the association of various factors. Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used for statistical analysis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> In this prospective observational study, 52 patients with head and neck cancers were evaluated and data regarding age, gender, risk factors, clinical features, grading, staging, and treatment modality received were taken. Presenting symptoms of patients at the 1st follow-up (at 1 month), 2nd follow-up (at 2 months), and 3rd follow-up (at 6 months) were statistically analysed. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Results showed that the mean age group was between 61 to 70 years. Gender distribution showed that 75% were males and 25% were females. The most common site of malignancy was the oropharynx (23.08%). The majority of the tumors were squamous cell carcinoma (88.46%) and are of moderately differentiated type (53.85%). Majority of the tumors (42.31%) presented with stage III lesions. Most of the patients 35 (67.31%) received concurrent chemoradiation (CT-RT). The most common complaint in the first and second follow-up was mucositis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The majority of the tumors are squamous cell carcinoma and are moderately differentiated. Most of the tumors were in stage III, and most received chemoradiation (CT-RT) for treatment.</p>
Prospective study on the outcomes of harmonic scalpel assisted thyroidectomy in a tertiary care centre in South Kerala
Authors: Sasindran Vivek , John Mithra S. , B. Arunkrishna , B. Harikrishan 
Published: December 2022

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> To estimate the outcomes of thyroidectomy using harmonic scalpel in terms of intra-operative and post-operative blood loss, operating time, incidence of post-operative hypocalcaemia, incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal nerve palsy and post-operative pain.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The patients are selected consecutively as and when they were presented during the study period. The study involved 23 patients out of which 17 underwent total thyroidectomy and 6 underwent hemithyroidectomy, all using harmonic scalpel. A complete history, physical examination and appropriate investigations were done to arrive at the correct diagnosis. Surgery was done and all the parameters were accurately assessed. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean intra-operative and post-operative blood loss in thyroidectomy by harmonic scalpel was 92.2 ml and 20.6 ml respectively. The mean operative time for thyroidectomy using harmonic scalpel was 58.2 minutes that includes 38 minutes for hemi thyroidectomy and 65.3 minutes for total thyroidectomy. Out of 23 patients, only 1 patient (4.3%) had transient hypocalcaemia in the post operative period. Three patients (13%) had transient unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and none had superior laryngeal nerve palsy. The pain assessment by visual analog scale (VAS) score at 24 hours and 48 hours after harmonic scalpel assisted thyroidectomy were 3.87±0.97 and 2.35±1.30 respectively.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Harmonic scalpel gives effective and reliable hemostasis, shortens the operative time, reduces the complications and improved pain control and hence may be considered as an effective tool in thyroidectomy.</p>
Kartagener’s syndrome: a rare case report
Authors: . Supreety , Singh T. Dinesh 
Published: December 2022

<p class="abstract">Kartagener's syndrome is an autosomal recessive primary ciliary dyskinesia. It is due to ciliary dysfunction consisting of triad of situs inversus, bronchiectasis, chronic sinusitis. Normal ciliary function is critical for respiratory host defence, motility of sperm and ensures proper visceral orientation during embryogenesis. In Kartagener syndrome, the gene mutation is at DNAI1 and DNAH5 leading to pathophysiological changes like ciliary immobility causing accumulation of secretions and consequent recurrent sinusitis. The severity of symptoms and the age at which the condition is diagnosed is quite variable, even though the symptoms are present from birth. We are reporting a case of 12-year-old male who came to ear, nose and throat outpatient department (ENT OPD) with complaints of bilateral nasal obstruction for the past 6 years associated with bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge, having pale, greyish white polyps filling bilateral nasal cavities. Clinical examination and imaging findings revealed ethmoidal polyposis with chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, and situs inversus totalis. Patient underwent revision endoscopic intranasal ethmoidectomy with functinal endoscopic sinus surgery.</p><p> </p>
An unusual case of angioleiomyoma of the vocal cord in a patient with oral cancer
Authors: Munnangi Ashwini , Buggaveeti Rahul , Budharapu Abhishek , Reddy Vinila Belum , Chennamchetty Vijay Kumar , Nayak Umanath K. 
Published: December 2022

<p class="abstract">Angioleiomyomas, as the name suggests, are tumors arising from smooth muscle of vascular tissue. We report a case of angioleiomyoma arising from the right vocal cord in a 45-year-old male with a history of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity who had restricted mouth opening owing to previous surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy because of which accessing the vocal cord tumour was difficult by conventional laryngoscopy. Initial bronchoscopy guided excision of the tumour was done. After a month, an emergency tracheostomy had to be performed as he presented with stridor due to recurrence of tumour. Laryngofissure was performed and tumour was excised. The patient is on regular follow up with no recurrence of tumour. We present in this case report, the clinical presentation, diagnosis, management options, pathological features and outcomes of this rare entity known as laryngeal angioleiomyoma.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
A systematic study on 3-D reconstruction computed tomography in cases of maxillofacial traumatic injuries
Authors: Raghu G. 
Published: December 2022

The skeletal anatomy of maxillofacial region is the most complex in the body. Injuries of this region is classified from isolated injuries which involves osseous components to complex maxillofacial injuries involving the entire facial skeleton. The aim of any imaging technique for maxillofacial injury is to evaluate the positions of anatomic elements in precision for both hard and soft tissues in spatial planes. The oldest method of imaging Maxillofacial injuries was the classic x-rays. The challenge of the classical method was the inability to represent all the bone structures of facial skeleton precisely and the very difficulty to access the elements of the soft tissue of face in detailed form. Computed tomography have replaced conventional x-rays and is now a very important tool of imaging for very precise evaluation of maxillofacial trauma and it’s potency with the ability to detect the exact number and site along with the extent of fractures.A systemic self-study was planned to analyze the best choice of imaging techniques for cases of maxillofacial traumatic injuries. With the application of electronic databases we searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Clinical Trial Gov, Medline Plus, health line, John Hopkins Medicine which were published in English language. This systemic self-study have reviewed the facts which were published earlier to determine the ideal choice of imaging techniques for any trauma to maxillofacial region. Vast analysis and along with proper examination of data to evaluate with final conclusion.Based on our systemic self study we observed this fact that maxillofacial injuries are one of the most frequently encountered injuries which are very often admitted in emergency department. With the revolution of technology in healthcare, today 3D Computed tomography has become the ultimate and primary imaging method because of its significant technical improvement.We concluded that 3D Computed Tomography imaging is very useful for assessing the severity of midface fracture and injury. The reason for 3D Computed Tomography being chosen as imaging choice is just because the 3D image displays the spatial relationships of fracture segments which are in dislocated form and assists surgeons with better graphic display of the actual anatomic presentation which further guides and asists in the management planning and surgical approach in operation Theatre. Hence 3D Computed tomography is the imaging method of choice for an accurate diagnosis which have totally replaced conventional radiography due to its inability to depict the complex anatomical structure of maxillofacial region. This is the reason 3D Computed Tomography is regarded as golden choice in cases of oro-maxillofacial trauma.
Ancient schwannoma (Neurilemmoma) of the tongue: A rare case report
Authors: Deepthi TR  , Sasikumar Prem , Adarsh VJ  , Vani MH  , Vijayan Anu , Maheesan Kavya 
Published: December 2022

Schwannoma or neurilemmoma is an uncommon, benign peripheral nerve tumor derived from Schwann cells. It is usually a slow growing, asymptomatic, well encapsulated tumor that arises in association with a nerve trunk.Here we present a rare case of Ancient Schwannoma in a 20 year old male. The patient presented with a small, slow growing asymptomatic mass on the dorsal surface of the tongue, present since past 1year. Lesion was completely excised. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry.
Trends in dengue virus infection with seasonal variation at a tertiary care centre, Mangaluru: A retrospective study
Authors: Sharma Prajna , K Pavithra , Shettigar Sanchita 
Published: December 2022

: Dengue is currently the second most prevalent vector borne disease in the world. Dengue fever and its more serious forms, dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome are becoming important public health problems. Since there is no immunoprophylaxis or specific antiviral therapy available, clinico-microbiological diagnosis plays a vital role in patient management and implementation of control measures. : To identify dengue seropositive patients by NS1 antigen and anti-dengue IgM antibody detection by ELISA and correlate the changes in epidemiology. A retrospective study was performed for a period of 5 years from January 2017 to December 2021 in A.J Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Mangaluru. 1871 seropositive cases of all age groups admitted in the medical wards were included. Rapid immunochromatography test and ELISA was performed to detect NS1 antigen and IgM antibodies. Platelet count and total leucocyte count were also analysed. : Out of 14656, 1871 samples (12.75%) were positive for dengue. Higher rate of cases were in males and the age group of 21 to 30 years were chiefly affected. 1158(61.89%) were positive for NS1 antigen and total positive cases for IgM antibody was 530(28.32%). About 183 (9.79%) cases were positive for both NS1 antigen and IgM antibody. An increase in the prevalence of dengue was recorded during the month of June to October. The present study indicates a decline in dengue infection from 2020 which may be attributable to preventive and control measures provided by the health care workers besides having increased awareness among people. The decline may also may be due to the outbreak of SARS –Cov-2 in December 2019, which led to under diagnosis of dengue cases.
Bacterial urinary tract infection in diabetes patients and evaluation for multidrug resistant organisms
Authors: Narayanaswamy Girish , S.P Reenu , Kushwaha Ramesh Kumar 
Published: December 2022

Bladder infection exists as frequently occurring infectious disease in diabetic mellitus of all distinct age groups. Acute cystitis is recognised as higher frequency in person with diabetes. Urinary Tract infection is most familiar and widespread infection in world-wide. The frequency of urinary tract infection is at peak in patients with diabetic mellitus. Diabetic mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic impairment characterised by hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. It’s a common disease that affects health in many ways and relevant problems one of the leading illness world-wide. Urinary tract infection medical aid experimental is less execution of urine culture and sensitivity. In the present study designed to find out occurrence of bacterial urinary tract infection, Multidrug resistant organisms, health risk and antimicrobial drug medication for UTI’s. To hypothesize the spectrum of uropathogens and the profile of antibiotic resistance pattern in both diabetic and non-diabetic patient with asymptomatic urinary tract infection.The research study was performed for the duration of 6 Months (April-September 2022) in Vydehi Institute of medical science and research centre (VIMS & RC) Whitefield Bangalore. Diabeticas well as non-diabetic patientsabove 18 years of age, from OPD and also admitted in General medicine department of VIMS & RC was considered. A total of 247 diabetic and non-diabetic urine samples from outpatients and inpatients was collected and processed in the microbiology laboratory. In accordance to principle of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, the urine samples was collected and analysed. VITEK 2 Automated system analyser was used to determine Antimicrobial Sensitivity. Bacterial Multidrug Resistant Organism isolates in diabetes mellitus with bacteriuria is 48 (53%). Bacterial isolates in non-diabetic mellitus with bacteriuria is 29 (17%). and is frequently isolated. Gram-negative bacteria are highly resistant to multiple drugs like, Amikacin, Nitrofurantoin, Ceftriaxone, Clavulanic acid, Cefpirome, etc moreover increasingly resistant accessible antibiotics. and was the most familiar isolated microorganisms.