bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New light on the photocatalytic performance of NH4V4O10 and its composite with rGO
Authors: Nadolska M. , Szkoda M. , Trzciński K. , Ryl J. , Lewkowicz A. , Sadowska K. , Smalc-Koziorowska J. , Prześniak-Welenc M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSolar-driven photocatalysis has shown great potential as a sustainable wastewater treatment technology that utilizes clean solar energy for pollutant degradation. Consequently, much attention is being paid to the development of new, efficient and low-cost photocatalyst materials. In this study, we report the photocatalytic activity of NH4V4O10(NVO) and its composite with rGO (NVO/rGO). Samples were synthesized via a facile one-pot hydrothermal method and successfully characterized using XRD, FTIR, Raman, XPS, XAS, TG-MS, SEM, TEM, N2adsorption, PL and UV‒vis DRS. The results indicate that the obtained NVO and NVO/rGO photocatalysts exhibited efficient absorption in the visible wavelength region, a high content of V4+surface species and a well-developed surface area. Such features resulted in excellent performance in methylene blue photodegradation under simulated solar light illumination. In addition, the composite of NH4V4O10with rGO accelerates the photooxidation of the dye and is beneficial for photocatalyst reusability. Moreover, it was shown that the NVO/rGO composite can be successfully used not only for the photooxidation of organic pollution but also for the photoreduction of inorganic pollutants such as Cr(VI). Finally, an active species trapping experiment was conducted, and the photodegradation mechanism was discussed.
Modelling physical contacts to evaluate the individual risk in a dense crowd
Authors: Wang Chongyang , Shen Liangchang , Weng Wenguo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTumble and stampede in a dense crowd may be caused by irrational behaviours of individuals and always troubles the safety management of crowd activities. Risk evaluation based on pedestrian dynamical models can be regarded as an effective method of preventing crowd disasters. Here, a method depending on a combination of collision impulses and pushing forces was used to model the physical contacts between individuals in a dense crowd, by which the acceleration error during physical contacts caused by a traditional dynamical equation can be avoided. The human domino effect in a dense crowd could be successfully reproduced, and the crushing and trampling risk of a microscopic individual in a crowd could be quantitatively evaluated separately. This method provides a more reliable and integral data foundation for evaluating individual risk that shows better portability and repeatability than macroscopic crowd risk evaluation methods and will also be conducive to preventing crowd disasters.
Numerical analysis of the ostiomeatal complex aeration using the CFD method
Authors: Tretiakow Dmitry , Tesch Krzysztof , Markiet Karolina , Przewoźny Tomasz , Kusiak Aida , Cichońska Dominika , Skorek Andrzej 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe aimed to analyse ostiomeatal complex (OMC) aeration using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method of simulation based on human craniofacial computed tomography (CT) scans. The analysis was based on CT images of 2 patients: one with normal nose anatomy and one with nasal septal deviation (NSD). The Reynolds-Average Simulation approach and turbulence model based on linear eddy viscosity supplemented with the two-equation k-$$\omega$$
ω
SST model were used for the CFD simulation. As a result, we found differences in airflow velocity through the ostiomeatal complex in patients with a normal nose and those with NSD. In a patient with NSD, the flow is turbulent in contrast to the normal nose (laminar flow). A faster (more intensive) airflow through the OMC was observed in the wider nasal cavity of the patient with NSD than on the narrower side. In addition, we want to emphasise the higher speed of airflow through the apex uncinate process area towards the ostiomeatal complex during exhalation, which, in the presence of secretions in the nose, predisposes to its easier penetration into the sinuses of the anterior group.
Association of myosteatosis with treatment response and survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing chemoembolization: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bannangkoon Kittipitch , Hongsakul Keerati , Tubtawee Teeravut , Ina Natee , Chichareon Ply 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPatients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have poor prognosis and have frequent treatment-related toxicities resulting in cancer-associated cachexia. This study aimed to determine the association of myosteatosis and sarcopenia on mortality in patients with HCC treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Six hundred and eleven patients diagnosed with HCC and underwent TACE at a tertiary care center between 2008 and 2019 were included. Body composition was assessed using axial CT slices at level L3 to calculate the skeletal muscle density for myosteatosis and skeletal muscle index for sarcopenia. The primary outcome was overall survival while the secondary outcome was TACE response. Patients with myosteatosis had a poorer TACE response than patients without myosteatosis (56.12% vs. 68.72%, adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.34–0.72). The rate of TACE response in patients with sarcopenia was not different from those without sarcopenia (60.91% vs. 65.22%, adjusted OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.55–1.13). Patients with myosteatosis had shorter overall survival than without myosteatosis (15.9 vs. 27.1 months, P < 0.001). In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, patients with myosteatosis or sarcopenia had higher risk of all-cause mortality than their counterparts (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] for myosteatosis versus no myosteatosis 1.66, 95% CI 1.37–2.01, adjusted HR for sarcopenia versus no sarcopenia 1.26, 95% CI 1.04–1.52). Patients with both myosteatosis and sarcopenia had the highest 7 year mortality rate at 94.45%, while patients with neither condition had the lowest mortality rate at 83.31%. The presence of myosteatosis was significantly associated with poor TACE response and reduced survival. Identifying patients with myosteatosis prior to TACE could allow for early interventions to preserve muscle quality and might improve prognosis in HCC patients.
Limited impact of jet-induced feedback in the multi-phase nuclear interstellar medium of 4C12.50
Authors: Villar Martín M. , Castro-Rodríguez N. , Pereira Santaella M. , Lamperti I. , Tadhunter C. , Emonts B. , Colina L. , Alonso Herrero A. , Cabrera-Lavers A. , Bellocchi E. 
Published: March 2023

Context. 4C12.50 (IRAS 13451+1232) at z = 0.122 is an ultraluminous infared radio galaxy that has often been proposed as a prime candidate for the link between ultraluminous infared galaxies and young radio galaxies. It is also an interesting target to investigate whether and how radio-induced feedback affects the evolution of galaxies in the early phases of radio activity.
Aims. We study, in detail for the first time, the hot (≥1500 K) molecular gas in 4C12.50. The potential impact of the radio jet on this gas phase, as well as on the star formation activity, are investigated. We also study the ionised (including coronal) gas as traced by the near-infrared lines.
Methods. Using near-infrared long slit spectroscopy obtained with EMIR on GTC and X-shooter on VLT, we analyse the emission line spectrum of the ionised, coronal, and, specially, the hot molecular gas in the western nucleus hosting the compact radio jet. Based on high spatial resolution ALMA CO(2–1) data, we also revise the location of 4C12.50 in the Kennicutt-Schmidt diagram in order to investigate whether star formation is suppressed.
Results. 4C12.50 hosts (2.1 ± 0.4) × 104 M⊙ of hot molecular gas. An unusually high rotational temperature Trot = 3020 ± 160 K is inferred. The molecular gas mass obeys a power-law temperature distribution, dMH2/dT ∝ T−5, from T ∼ 300 K and up to ∼3000 K. Both results support the idea that shocks (probably induced by the radio jet) contribute to the heating and excitation of the hot molecular gas. A molecular outflow is not detected. The coupling of the outflowing ionised and neutral outflows with the hot molecular gas is poor. Contrary to other studies, we claim that there is no evidence for star formation suppression in this object.
Conclusions. If radio-induced feedback can regulate the star formation activity in galaxies, 4C12.50 is a promising candidate to reveal this phenomenon in action. However, we find no solid evidence for a current or past impact of this mechanism on the evolution of this system, neither by clearing out the dusty central cocoon efficiently, nor by suppressing the star formation activity.
A study of carbon-rich post-AGB stars in the Milky Way to understand the production of carbonaceous dust from evolved stars
Authors: Tosi S. , Kamath D. , Dell’Agli F. , Van Winckel H. , Ventura P. , Marchetti T. , Marini E. , Tailo M. 
Published: March 2023

Context. Knowledge of the Gaia, DR3 parallaxes of Galactic post-asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars makes it possible to exploit these objects as tracers of AGB evolution, nucleosynthesis, and dust production as well as to use them to shed new light on still poorly known physical processes experienced by AGB stars.
Aims. The goal of this study is to reconstruct the evolution and the dust formation processes during the final AGB phases of a sample of carbon-rich, post-AGB Galactic stars, with particular attention to the determination of the past mass-loss history.
Methods. We study the IR excess of Galactic sources classified as post-AGB single stars by means of dust formation modelling where dust grains form and grow in a static wind and expand from the surface of the star. The method is applied to various evolutionary stages of the final AGB phase of stars with different masses and metallicities. The results from a spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting are used to infer information on mass loss, efficiency of dust formation, and wind dynamics.
Results. The detailed analysis of the SED of the sources investigated, which included the derivation of the luminosities and the dust properties, allows us to confirm previous results, mostly based on the surface chemical composition, that most of the investigated sources descend from low-mass (M < 1.5 M⊙) progenitors that reached the C-star stage. Metal-poor carbon stars are characterised by higher IR excesses with respect to their more metal-rich counterparts of similar luminosity due to a higher surface carbon-to-oxygen excess. This work confirms previous conclusions based on a limited sample of carbon-rich post-AGB objects in the Magellanic Clouds, namely that more luminous stars descending from higher-mass progenitors are generally more opaque due to shorter evolutionary timescales that place the dust shell closer to the central object. Through the study of the dynamics of the outflow and results from stellar evolution modelling, we find that the mass-loss rate at the tip of the AGB phase of metal-rich low-mass carbon stars is approximately 1#x2212;1.5 × 10−5 M⊙ yr−1, whereas in the metal-poor domain Ṁ ∼ 4 − 5 × 10−5 M⊙ yr−1 is required. These results indicate the need for an upwards revision of the theoretical mass-loss rates of low-mass carbon stars in the available literature, which in turn require a revised determination of carbon dust yields by AGB stars.
A major asymmetric ice trap in a planet-forming disk
Authors: Leemker M. , Booth A. S. , van Dishoeck E. F. , van der Marel N. , Tabone B. , Ligterink N. F. W. , Brunken N. G. C. , Hogerheijde M. R. 
Published: March 2023

Context. Most well-resolved disks observed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) show signs of dust traps. These dust traps set the chemical composition of the planet-forming material in these disks, as the dust grains with their icy mantles are trapped at specific radii and could deplete the gas and dust at smaller radii of volatiles.
Aims. In this work, we analyse the first detection of nitric oxide (NO) in a protoplanetary disk. We aim to constrain the nitrogen chemistry and the gas-phase C/O ratio in the highly asymmetric dust trap in the Oph-IRS 48 disk.
Methods. We used ALMA observations of NO, CN, C2H, and related molecules in the Oph-IRS 48 disk. We modeled the effect of the increased dust-to-gas ratio in the dust trap on the physical and chemical structure using a dedicated nitrogen chemistry network in the thermochemical code DALI. Furthermore, we explored how ice sublimation contributes to the observed emission lines. Finally, we used the model to put constraints on the nitrogen-bearing ices.
Results. Nitric oxide (NO) is only observed at the location of the dust trap, but CN and C2H are not detected in the Oph-IRS 48 disk. This results in an CN/NO column density ratio of <0.05 and thus a low C/O ratio at the location of the dust trap. Models show that the dust trap cools the disk midplane down to ~30 K, just above the NO sublimation temperature of ~25 K. The main gas-phase formation pathways to NO though OH and NH in the fiducial model predict NO emission that is an order of magnitude lower than what has been observed. The gaseous NO column density can be increased by factors ranging from 2.8 to 10 when the H2O and NH3 gas abundances are significantly boosted by ice sublimation. However, these models are inconsistent with the upper limits on the H2O and OH column densities derived from Herschel PACS observations and the upper limit on CN derived from ALMA observations. As the models require an additional source of NO to explain its detection, the NO seen in the observations is likely the photodissociation product of a larger molecule sublimating from the ices. The non-detection of CN provides a tighter constraint on the disk C/O ratio than the C2H upper limit.
Conclusions. We propose that the NO emission in the Oph-IRS 48 disk is closely related to the nitrogen-bearing ices sublimating in the dust trap. The non-detection of CN constrains the C/O ratio both inside and outside the dust trap to be <1 if all nitrogen initially starts as N2 and ≤ 0.6, consistent with the Solar value, if (at least part of) the nitrogen initially starts as N or NH3.
The grammaticalization of verbs of location movement into noun-phrase conjunctions in Archaic Chinese
Authors: Chang Jung-Im 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Previous studies of the grammaticalization paths of Chinese Noun-Phrase Conjunctions (NP-AND) have mainly focused
on their development from comitative verbs, as in the cases of 與 yú ‘to be together with’, 共 gòng ‘to share’, 和 hé ‘to mingle’, and 同 tóng ‘to be the same’ > ‘to accompany’. This study focuses on the development of
NP-AND from verbs of location movement (位移動詞, with the
feature set [+verb, +motion, +goal]), such as 于 yú ‘to go to’, 越 yuè ‘to jump over to’, 暨 jì ‘to arrive at’, and 及 jí ‘to reach’, identifying changes that occurred in pre-Archaic Chinese (used from
the 14th to the 11th c. BC), early Archaic Chinese (used from the 10th to the 6th c. BC), and late Archaic Chinese (from the 5th
to the 2nd c. BC).
To elucidate the origin and the grammaticalization path of each verb indicating goal of motion, this study
examines their occurrences in excavated texts, such as the Oracle-Bone Inscriptions and Bronze Inscriptions, and in Archaic
Chinese transmitted texts, such as The book of documents (Shàngshū 尚書), The book of odes
(Shījīng 詩經), and
Zuo’s commentary (Zuǒzhuàn 左傳). Based on this data, the study analyzes the core meaning of each verb and their grammaticalization paths.
In addition, possible etymological relationships among 于,
越, 暨, and 及 are
investigated. The grammaticalization path of each verb into an NP-AND can be formulated as V [+motion, +goal] > end point of a
scope (from X to Y) > additive particle > NP-AND. Finally, cross-linguistic parallels are adduced to support
the plausibility of the proposed grammaticalization path.
From reciprocity to competition
Authors: Jendraschek Gerd , Koo Myung-Chul 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Korean has a reciprocal pronoun that under certain conditions takes on an innovative function as a marker of
competition. This meaning emerges when the marker is used in reported speech containing a predicate expressing volition,
intention, or speaker-orientation. In such contexts, the marker is reanalysed as co-referential with competing subsets of subject
referents. The final stage is the extension of the competition marker to simple clauses and predicates. The empirical part of this
research is based on a survey with 23 native speakers. The shift from a reciprocal pronoun to a competition marker will be
analysed as an instance of subjectification. The innovative use as a competition marker has led to additional distributional
differences between the simple use of the marker and its reduplicated form. The situation in Korean is comparable to that in
Japanese, Bulgarian, and Karachay-Balkar, and mirrors the polysemy pattern found in Tuvaluan. This is the first typological study
of the relevant domain in Korean, and will be a valuable addition to the list of available studies on reciprocity and
subjectification.
A corpus-based analysis of coordinate structures in Libras
Authors: Müller de Quadros Ronice , Barbosa da Silva Jair , Nogueira Machado Rodrigo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes coordination processes in Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) based on data from the Libras Corpus <https://corpuslibras.ufsc.br/>. Similar to other sign languages (e.g., Tang & Lau 2012; Zorzi 2018), coordinate structures in Libras are organized by juxtaposing one to the other, either marked only by nonmanual markers, or through connectors such as but, or, is (with a value of “that is”), also, or a combination of manual and nonmanual markers. After annotating the data for each sign for both hands, we annotated the syntactic units and then identified the coordinated sentences using ELAN. We find that use of nonmanual markers is especially prevalent, in both conjunctive and disjunctive structures, establishing prosodic boundaries and clauses limits. In adversative coordinate clauses, manual connectors such as mas (“but”) are used, and we attest to a small number of occurrences of nonmanual markers with adversatives.
A novel approach to denoising correlation matrices with applications to global portfolio management with a large number of assets
Authors: Lakshtanov Evgeny , Molyboga Marat 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We introduce a new approach to denoising correlation matrices that imposes a block structure with a fixed block-dependent pair-wise correlation within each block and a constant correlation specified for each pair of blocks. We characterize the eigenvalue spectrum and modify the Marchenko-Pastur distribution of eigenvalues. We present approximate analytic solutions for the inverse problem of determining the block sizes and the correlation parameters under a broad set of assumptions. Our solution is based on a novel unsupervised approach for improving correlation matrix estimation by a functional transformation of the original data rather than popular shrinkage estimation or standard random-matrix-theory-based techniques. However, a correlation matrix produced by our method can serve as an attractive target correlation matrix within shrinkage frameworks. Our correlation matrix denoising method has broad applications for global portfolio management with a large number of assets from many diverse asset classes.
Determination of the apparent effective ionization coefficient in mixtures of He and O2 using steady-state Townsend discharge: effect of penning ionization and attachment
Authors: Rasmus Talviste , Kalev Erme , Peeter Paris , Jüri Raud , Toomas Plank , Indrek Jõgi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
He:O2 gas mixtures are popular in many non-thermal plasma applications because of the good thermal conductivity of He and high production of reactive oxygen species. The applications utilizing reactive oxygen species, in particular, applications in biomedicine require accurate knowledge of the fundamental ionization parameters of gases such as the ionization coefficient. This study was focused on experimental determination of the reduced apparent effective ionization coefficient α

ea

/N in He:O2 mixtures. Experiments were conducted in the absolute pressure range of 10–800 Torr and reduced electric field E/N range of 40–1000 Td utilizing a steady-state non-self-sustaining Townsend discharge. Experimental results were compared with a theoretical model which was based on BOLSIG + calculation of ionization and attachment coefficients and additionally considered the ion conversion of O− to O2
−, detachment from O2
− and formation of O3
− and Penning ionization by He metastable species. The measurements agreed reasonably well with model calculations. Comparison with model suggest that He metastable species affect net ionization in He:O2 mixtures with O2 concentrations up to 10% often encountered in the applications and thus should be included in models of atmospheric pressure plasmas. The attachment of electrons became important at O2 concentrations above 10% and is therefore less important in most applications.
L-H transition studies on MAST: power threshold and heat flux analysis
Authors: Howlett Lena , Cziegler István , Freethy Simon , Meyer Hendrik 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Spherical tokamaks are known to differ from conventional tokamaks in a number of physics areas, but our understanding is limited by a comparative lack of experimental data. A comprehensive study of the density dependence of the H-mode power threshold P

LH
on the mega-amp spherical tokamak (MAST) is presented, mapping out the low-density and high-density branches, and describing different types of L-H transitions and intermediate behaviours. Transitions at low densities are characterised by longer preceding 3–4 kHz I-phase oscillations or intermittent periods. Commonly used P

LH
scalings underestimate the experimental values in this data set by at least an order of magnitude, and a fit to the high-density branch gives

P

L
H

[MW]
=
11.35
×

n
ˉ

e
20

1.19

. To investigate the possibility of a critical edge ion heat flux, transitions of different densities and neutral beam heating powers were analysed with the interpretative transport code TRANSP, revealing that the heat flux possesses a density dependence independent of the net power. The density dependence of the electron heat flux

Q

e

∼
0.57

n
ˉ

e
19

and ion heat flux

Q

i

∼
0.1

n
ˉ

e
19

is caused by a decrease in beam heating efficiency for lower densities, with the fraction of injected power

P

inj

NBI

heating the plasma decreasing from 80% to 20% at low densities. Low-density discharges have greater fast ion orbit and charge-exchange losses, which are seen in Mirnov signals as chirping 50–20 kHz modes and broadband MHD at 150–250 kHz. The captured beam power estimate by TRANSP, which only corrects for shine-through losses, is a significant overestimate for low-density plasmas on MAST. If the P

LH
study is adjusted to account for all losses, the scatter in H-mode points is reduced and the density exponent is increased to

P

L
H

=
12.8
×

n
ˉ

e
20

1.5

. A residual low-density branch remains due to the

d
W

/

d
t

variation.