bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond semantics: Overcoming the normative incoherence surrounding the protection of international watercourse ecosystems
Authors: Liu Yang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractProtecting and preserving the ecosystems of international watercourses requires a coherent normative framework. Problems can arise where inconsistent terms are used to define and describe these shared resources. This leads to possible normative incoherence around the duties to protect and preserve ecosystems. At the heart of the matter are the diverse definitions used for shared freshwaters and international ecosystems. In many cases, there is a ‘terrestrial gap’—the geographical space created by the terms used to describe ‘international watercourse’ on the one hand, and ‘ecosystem’ on the other. More often than not, the former is defined in narrow geographical terms, while the latter is more broadly cast, to include related terrestrial elements. This article explores how the potential normative incoherence related to the protection and preservation of the ecosystems of an international watercourse might be overcome through three approaches, which are explored in treaty practice across the field.
Smart or smash? The effect of financial sanctions on trade in goods and services
Authors: Besedeš Tibor , Goldbach Stefan , Nitsch Volker 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe examine the extent to which financial sanctions imposed by Germany through its European Union and United Nations commitments cause collateral damage on Germany's trade in goods and services. Financial sanctions reduce Germany's inflows and outflows of financial assets, as well as imports and exports of goods and services. The relative effects on trade in goods and services are weaker than on financial assets, about half as large in the case of goods and two‐thirds as large in the case of services. The effect on trade in goods is entirely due to episodes where financial sanctions are accompanied by export restrictions of specific goods. In the case of services trade, only exports are affected by financial sanctions once export restrictions are considered. The primary channel through which sanctions affect the three types of cross‐border flows is the extensive margin. Anticipation effects are quite strong for financial assets and weak for services and goods.
Evaluation of pulmonary abnormalities in recipients of hematopoietic cell transplants and cellular therapies
Authors: Thomas Lora , Boatman Julie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) and chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapy recipients are susceptible to multiple pulmonary complications that are caused by infectious and noninfectious processes. Numerous variables can be associated with specific pulmonary diseases including time from transplantation, presence of graft versus host disease (GVHD), underlying disease, and prolonged neutropenia and lymphocytopenia. Most pulmonary complications are infectious in origin, with bacterial pneumonia remaining the most common pulmonary infection, particularly before neutrophil engraftment. Invasive fungal infections continue to affect this patient population even when antifungal prophylaxis is used. Noninfectious pulmonary complications include a wide differential of pathologies in this population, and as clinical presentations of these various pulmonary disorders often overlap, clinicians frequently will use a multidisciplinary approach in diagnosing these abnormalities. Radiography, particularly with chest computed tomography (CT) imaging, is an essential tool in identifying pulmonary pathology and potential sources. While standard microbiological cultures of respiratory specimens are still utilized, their role is limited by low sensitivity and diagnostic yield. The likelihood of obtaining a diagnosis can be improved by using other microbiological assays, including fungal antigen tests and molecular diagnostic methods, particularly if specimens are collected via bronchoscopy. This review will highlight the more common causes of pulmonary diseases encountered after HCT and CAR‐T and will examine the different methods in their diagnosis.
Evidence that donors with variant RH genotypes are associated with unexpected Rh antibodies
Authors: Kirkegaard Julie , Rahorst Lynsi , Burgos Anna , Music Aplenc Lejla , Iqbal Nazia Tabassum , Vege Sunitha , Francis Christine Lomas , Westhoff Connie M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe previously reported unexpected Rh antibodies in the plasma of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) that demonstrated common Rh specificities in the absence of transfusion of RBCs positive for that antigen. We hypothesize that these antibodies might result from transfusion of antigen‐negative donor units with variant RH genotypes.MethodsPlasma testing by tube and IgG gel, extended RBC phenotyping, and HEA and RH genotyping were by standard methods.CaseA 6‐year‐old female with SCD, phenotype D + C‐c + E–e + K‐ undergoing exchange transfusion with CEK‐ and Fy(a‐) units, presented with anti‐C in the plasma, a + DAT and warm autoantibody (WAA) in the eluate. Her RH genotype was unremarkable: RHD*D/DAU0 and RHCE*ce/ce(48C). Units (n = 10) transfused over the prior 6 months were confirmed CEK‐ by serology and DNA testing. Most (n = 7) were Rh‐negative. A unit with variant RH, RHD*DIIIa/weak partial 4.0, RHCE*ceVS.03/ceVS.02, was transfused 5 weeks prior. Anti‐C and + DAT continued to demonstrate for 25 weeks. Total hemoglobin and % Hgb S did not deviate from her established baseline.ConclusionWe show direct association of plasma anti‐C with transfusion of a C‐negative unit with variant RH encoding partial D and uncommon V/VS+ hrB– phenotype. The antibody was transient, without evidence of compromised survival of transfused RBCs. The +DAT and WAA complicated workups and selection of units, and it is uncertain whether donors of the same genotype should be avoided. Minority donors are important for CEK‐matching to avoid depleting Rh‐negative supplies. Consideration of patient and donor RH genotypes may avoid unexpected antibodies and improve allocation of rare donations.
Discussion: “A Numerical Scheme for Fractional Mixed Convection Flow Over Flat and Oscillatory Plates” (Yasir Nawaz, Muhammad Shoaib Arif, Kamaleldin Abodayeh, 2022, ASME J. Comput. Nonlinear Dyn., 17(7), p. 071008)
Authors: Pantokratoras Asterios 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Some serious errors exist in the above paper.
On the Inverse Problem of Time-Dependent Coefficient in a Time Fractional Diffusion Problem by Newly Defined Monic Laquerre Wavelets
Authors: Bayrak Mine A. , Demir Ali 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The primary aim of this research is to establish the time-dependent diffusion coefficient in a one-dimensional time fractional diffusion equation in Caputo sense by means of newly defined Monic Laquerre wavelets (MLW) and collocation points. We first give the definition of MLW by taking Monic Laquerre's polynomials into account. Later, time fractional diffusion problem is reduced into a system of ordinary fractional and algebraic equations by utilizing MLW. The residual power series method (RPSM) and the overdetermined data are applied to this system to determine the solution and the unknown time-dependent coefficient together in series form. In the end, illustrative examples are presented to show the stability and accuracy of the proposed wavelet method for the inverse problem of determining unknown time-dependent coefficient in fractional diffusion problems. The reliability of the proposed algorithm for the inverse problems is supported by high degree of accuracy in the given examples.
Bifurcation Analysis of Driver's Characteristics in Car-Following Model
Authors: Yadav Sunita , Redhu Poonam 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
According to traffic flow theory, traffic is affected not only by road conditions such as bottlenecks, the environment, interruptions, and so on but also by the driver's behavior. To control and manage increasingly complex traffic networks, it also becomes necessary to study the effects of driver characteristics significantly. In this research, a novel car-following model is proposed which considers both the driver's cautious and aggressive instincts for optimal and relative velocity integrals. To analyze the stability of the new model, a small perturbation method was used. Further, the modified Korteweg–de-Vries equations were established with the help of a reductive perturbation method. In bifurcation analysis, we examine the existence and stability of Hopf bifurcation in various systems. This helps to gain deeper insight into the behavior of these dynamical systems and can be used to develop more efficient control strategies. Numerical simulations and theoretical analyses both show that the aspects of the enhanced model related to driver characteristics have a major affect on traffic flow stability. Additionally, the model can adeptly handle traffic congestion and quickly return to its normal state if any disruption occurs.
Teachers’ Verbal and Nonverbal Communication, Students’ Psychological Needs, and Positive and Negative Outcomes in Physical Education
Authors: Moreno-Casado Héctor , Leo Francisco M. , López-Gajardo Miguel A. , García-Calvo Tomás , Pulido Juan J. 
Published: September 2023

Focused on physical education (PE), this study examined the association between teachers’ communication and students’ psychological needs, enjoyment/boredom, PE usefulness, and students’ grade perception. Participants were 1,000 students (572 girls; Mage = 14.58 ± 0.65) from 29 Spanish secondary schools. A path model including variables measured at three times was tested: teachers’ verbal/nonverbal communication (Time 1), needs satisfaction/frustration (Time 2), and PE outcomes (Time 3). Verbal communication positively predicted needs satisfaction, which, in turn, positively predicted enjoyment, PE usefulness, and students’ grade perception and negatively predicted boredom. Verbal communication negatively predicted needs frustration, which was a positive predictor of boredom. Multigroup analysis showed that gender did not moderate the associations in the path model, whereas mediating effects were found between teachers’ communication and consequences via students’ psychological needs. Teachers should improve their communicative capacities to satisfy students’ psychological needs and promote positive PE outcomes.
Salivary microbiome of healthy women of reproductive age
Authors: Cauwenberghs Eline , Oerlemans Eline , Wittouck Stijn , Allonsius Camille Nina , Gehrmann Thies , Ahannach Sarah , De Boeck Ilke , Spacova Irina , Bron Peter A. , Donders Gilbert , Verhoeven Veronique , Lebeer Sarah 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

The human salivary microbial community plays a crucial role in local and systemic diseases. Biological and lifestyle factors such as menstrual cycle, oral hygiene, and smoking have been documented to impact this community. However, while hormonal contraceptives are the most prescribed drug in healthy women and intimate partners play key roles in microbial exchange between humans, their impact on the salivary microbiome of women of reproductive age have been understudied. Additionally, the role of other lifestyle factors such as diet, allergies, age, and stress on the saliva microbiome of the general population is not well understood. Here, we studied the salivary microbiome of 255 healthy women of reproductive age using self-sampling kits and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing combined with questionnaires on lifestyle and host-related parameters. A preserved salivary bacterial community of 12 genera (
Actinobacillus, Actinomyces, Alloprevotella, Campylobacter, Fusobacterium, Gemella, Granulicatella, Leptotrichia, Neisseria, Prevotella, Streptococcus,
and
Veillonella
) was identified. Contrary to what we expected, the number of intimate partners or specific contraceptive use did not have a major impact on these bacterial communities. However, recent use of oral antibiotics was associated with a significant decrease in richness at genus level and increase in mean relative abundances of several taxa. Being stressed or nervous was associated with a significantly increased richness of the salivary microbiome at the level of amplicon sequencing variants . Nevertheless, these associations with host-related and lifestyle variables only appeared to be subtle, suggesting that the salivary microbiome is mainly driven by the buccal environment and health status of an individual.

IMPORTANCE
The salivary microbiome has been proven to play a crucial role in local and systemic diseases. Moreover, the effects of biological and lifestyle factors such as oral hygiene and smoking on this microbial community have already been explored. However, what was not yet well understood was the natural variation of the saliva microbiome in healthy women and how this is associated with specific use of hormonal contraception and with the number of different sexual partners with whom microbiome exchange is expected regularly. In this paper, we characterized the salivary microbiome of 255 healthy women of reproductive age using an in-depth questionnaire and self-sampling kits. Using the large metadata set, we were able to investigate the associations of several host-related and lifestyle variables with the salivary microbiome profiles. Our study shows a high preservation between individuals.
The LytS-type histidine kinase BtsS is a 7-transmembrane receptor that binds pyruvate
Authors: Qiu Jin , Gasperotti Ana , Sisattana Nathalie , Zacharias Martin , Jung Kirsten 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

LytS/LytTR-type histidine kinase/response regulator systems regulate crucial host-specific mechanisms during infection of human or plant hosts.
Escherichia coli
has two of them, and the histidine kinase BtsS is a high-affinity sensor for extracellular pyruvate that together with the response regulator BtsR activates the expression of
btsT,
which encodes a high-affinity pyruvate transporter. However, the molecular mechanism of how pyruvate binding triggers a response is still unclear. Here, we experimentally show that BtsS consists of seven transmembrane helices, with the N-terminus exposed on the periplasmic side. Using a site-directed mutagenesis-based screening assay, Arg72, Arg99, Cys110, and Ser113, all located on the periplasmic side in three transmembrane helices, were identified as critical for the binding of pyruvate to BtsS, a finding that was further confirmed by molecular dynamics simulation studies. In addition, Mn
2+
-dependent autophosphorylation of wild-type BtsS was demonstrated for the first time, and individual replacement of the four amino acids affected this process as well as dimerization and consequently
btsT
expression. This study demonstrates how binding of a metabolite to the membrane-integrated sensor domain triggers signaling in the cytoplasm.

IMPORTANCE

Here, we studied the LytS-type histidine kinase BtsS of
E. coli
and identified the pyruvate binding site within the membrane-spanning domains. It is a small cavity, and pyruvate forms interactions with the side chains of Arg72, Arg99, Cys110, and Ser113 located in transmembrane helices III, IV, and V, respectively. Our results can serve as a starting point to convert BtsS into a sensor for structurally similar ligands such as lactate, which can be used as biosensor in medicine.
Medical device education: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial comparing self-directed learning with traditional instructor-led learning on an anaesthesia workstation
Authors: Gutersohn Caterina , Schweingruber Sandra , Haudenschild Maximilian , Huber Markus , Greif Robert , Fuchs Alexander 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionContinuous professional development is essential for maintaining competencies in healthcare. This applies to medical device knowledge and safe handling, which are fundamental for patient safety. Little is known about the efficiency of self-directed learning with an integrated video in medical device education. This study investigates whether anaesthesia providers acquire their medical device competencies on an anaesthesia workstation differently via self-directed learning than traditional teacher-led workshops.Methods and analysisThis single-centre, non-inferiority, randomised, controlled trial aims to enrol at least 224 anaesthesia providers (ie, certified nurses and physicians). Participants will be randomised to (1) self-directed learning with an integrated learning video (intervention) or (2) a traditional teacher-led workshop (control), for a 1-hour session on a new anaesthesia workstation. The two educational approaches and their effect on medical device competence will be assessed concerning 12 competencies in the same 10 min, objective, structured, clinical examination-like station for both groups. The primary endpoint will be an assessment score of ≥60%. Non-inferiority will be declared if the upper limit of a 90% two-sided CI excludes a difference of more than 10% in favour of the control group. Secondary endpoints will be: (1) the score achieved in the study assessment, (2) the number of open questions after the training, (3) training time in minutes, (4) use of resources and (5) costs, all of which are compared between both groups.Ethics and disseminationStudy participants will provide written informed consent. All recorded data will be stored on a password-protected research server at the study site accessible only to the investigators. The Bern Cantonal Ethics Committee waived the need for ethical approval (Req-2021–00837; 25 July 2021). There are no ethical, legal or security issues regarding data collection, processing, storage or dissemination.Trial registration numberNCT05530382, 7 September 2022; ClinicalTrials.gov
Experiences of communities with Lebanon’s model of care for non-communicable diseases: a cross-sectional household survey from Greater Beirut
Authors: Bou-Orm Ibrahim , deVos Pol , Diaconu Karin 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesAssess community perceptions of the Lebanese care model for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and trust in the health system among others, and test association between them.DesignCross-sectional study using multistage random sampling and targeting adult community members living with NCDs.SettingHouseholds in Greater Beirut—Lebanon.Participants941 respondents including 574 Lebanese community members and 367 Syrian refugees.Primary and secondary outcomesThree main outcomes (barriers to care seeking, perceptions of the care model and trust in healthcare) were assessed including by multiple linear regressions.ResultsReported NCDs were hypertension (51.3%) and diabetes (34.5%), followed by chronic respiratory conditions (21.9%) and other cardiovascular diseases (20.0%). Communities reported seeking care from different sources. While 78% of Lebanese participants had visited private clinics at least once within the 6 months preceding the survey, 56% of Syrian refugees had done so. Determinants of access to care were health coverage, gender, and employment among Lebanese, and socioeconomic status among Syrian refugees. Lebanese community members had more positive perceptions of the care model compared with Syrian refugees and determinants included sociodemographic characteristics and the type of providers. Trust in the health system was higher among Syrian compared with Lebanese participants and was significantly influenced by the care model score and barriers to care seeking.ConclusionOur study generated evidence about the experience of people living with NCDs with Lebanon’s care model and can inform service delivery interventions towards a more inclusive person-centred approach.
Understanding Heterogeneity in Patients’ Conceptualisation of Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cluster Analysis
Authors: Hsiao Betty , Downs Julie S , Lanyon Mandy , Blalock Susan J , Curtis Jeffrey R , Harrold Leslie R , Nowell William Benjamin , Wiedmeyer Carole , Venkatachalam Shilpa , Patterson Mark T , Gavigan Kelly , Stradford Laura , Ali Danielle , Fraenkel Liana 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveUptake of treat-to-target (TTT) strategies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management is low. Our objective was to understand the heterogeneity in patients’ conceptualisation of RA treatment to inform interventions improving TTT uptake.DesignEligible participants recruited from an online research registry rated 56 items (on 5-point scales) reflecting concepts raised from patient interviews. Using items describing adhering to physician recommendations to create a binary criterion variable for medication adherence, we conducted a principal components analysis on the remaining items using Varimax rotation, describing how these factors predict adherence over and above demographic characteristics. We further use optimal sets in regression to identify the individual concepts that are most predictive of medication adherence.ResultsWe found significant heterogeneity in patients’ conceptualisation of RA treatment among 621 persons with RA. A scree plot revealed a four-factor solution explained 38.4% of the variance. The four factors expected to facilitate TTT uptake were (% variance explained): (1) Access to high quality care and support (11.3%); (2) low decisional conflict related to changing disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) (10.1%); (3) endorsement of a favourable DMARD risk/benefit ratio (9.9%); and (4) confidence that testing reflects disease activity (7.2%). These factors account for 13.8% of the variance in full medication adherence, fully explaining the only significant demographic predictor, age of the patient. The individual items most predictive of poor adherence centre on the lack of effective patient–physician communication, specifically insufficient access to information from rheumatologists, along with the need to seek information elsewhere.ConclusionPatients’ conceptualisation of RA treatment varies; however, almost all patients have difficulty escalating DMARDs, even with access to quality information and an understanding of the benefits of TTT. Tailored interventions are needed to address patient hesitancy to escalate DMARDs.