bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of BCG vaccination on the repertoire of human γδ T cell receptors
Authors: Xia Mei , Blazevic Azra , Fiore-Gartland Andrew , Hoft Daniel F. 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionTuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is a serious threat to human health. Vaccination with BCG prevents the development of the most severe forms of TB disease in infants and was recently shown to prevent Mtb infection in previously uninfected adolescents. γδ T cells play a major role in host defense at mucosal sites and are known to respond robustly to mycobacterial infection. However, our understanding of the effects of BCG vaccination on γδ T cell responses is incomplete.MethodsIn this study we performed γδ T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire sequencing of samples provided pre- and post-BCG vaccination from 10 individuals to identify specific receptors and TCR clones that are induced by BCG.ResultsOverall, there was no change in the diversity of γTCR or δTCR clonotypes in post- vs pre-BCG samples. Furthermore, the frequencies of TCR variable and joining region genes were minimally modulated by BCG vaccination at either the γTCR or δTCR loci. However, the γTCR and δTCR repertoires of individuals were highly dynamic; a median of ~1% of γTCR and ~6% of δTCR in the repertoire were found to significantly expand or contract in post- vs pre-BCG comparisons (FDR-q &lt; 0.05). While many of the clonotypes whose frequency changed after BCG vaccination were not shared among multiple individuals in the cohort, several shared (i.e., “public”) clonotypes were identified with a consistent increase or decrease in frequency across more than one individual; the degree of sharing of these clonotypes was significantly greater than the minimal sharing that would be expected among γTCR and δTCR repertoires. An in vitro analysis of Mtb antigen-reactive γδ T cells identified clonotypes that were similar or identical to the single-chain γTCRs and δTCRs that changed consistently after BCG vaccination; pairings of γTCRs and δTCRs that increased after BCG vaccination were significantly over-represented among the Mtb-reactive γδ T cells (p = 1.2e-6).DiscussionThese findings generate hypotheses about specific γδTCR clonotypes that may expand in response to BCG vaccination and may recognize Mtb antigens. Future studies are required to validate and characterize these clonotypes, with an aim to better understand the role of γδ T cells in Mtb immunity.
Induction of antigen specific intrahepatic CD8+ T cell responses by a secreted heat shock protein based gp96-Ig-PfCA malaria vaccine
Authors: Padula Laura , Fisher Eva , Wijayalath Wathsala , Patterson Noelle B. , Huang Jun , Ganeshan Harini , Robinson Tanisha , Bates François A. , Hanson Margaret A. , Martin Monica L. , Rivas Katelyn , Garcia Denisse , Edgel Kimberly A. , Sedegah Martha , Villasante Eileen , Strbo Natasa 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionA highly efficacious and durable vaccine against malaria is an essential tool for global malaria eradication. One of the promising strategies to develop such a vaccine is to induce robust CD8+ T cell mediated immunity against malaria liver-stage parasites.MethodsHere we describe a novel malaria vaccine platform based on a secreted form of the heat shock protein, gp96-immunoglobulin, (gp96-Ig) to induce malaria antigen specific, memory CD8+ T cells. Gp96-Ig acts as an adjuvant to activate antigen presenting cells (APCs) and chaperone peptides/antigens to APCs for cross presentation to CD8+ T cells.ResultsOur study shows that vaccination of mice and rhesus monkeys with HEK-293 cells transfected with gp96-Ig and two well-known Plasmodium falciparum CSP and AMA1 (PfCA) vaccine candidate antigens, induces liver-infiltrating, antigen specific, memory CD8+ T cell responses. The majority of the intrahepatic CSP and AMA1 specific CD8+ T cells expressed CD69 and CXCR3, the hallmark of tissue resident memory T cells (Trm). Also, we found intrahepatic, antigen-specific memory CD8+ T cells secreting IL-2, which is relevant for maintenance of effective memory responses in the liver.DiscussionOur novel gp96-Ig malaria vaccine strategy represents a unique approach to induce liver-homing, antigen-specific CD8+ T cells critical for Plasmodium liver-stage protection.
Persistent immune activation and altered gut integrity over time in a longitudinal study of Ugandan youth with perinatally acquired HIV
Authors: Dirajlal-Fargo Sahera , Strah Monika , Ailstock Kate , Sattar Abdus , Karungi Christine , Nazzinda Rashidah , Kityo Cissy , Musiime Victor , Funderburg Nicholas , McComsey Grace A. 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionPerinatally acquired HIV infection (PHIV) occurs during a critical window of immune development. We investigated changes in systemic inflammation and immune activation in adolescents with PHIV and those without HIV (HIV-) in Uganda.MethodsA prospective observational cohort study was performed in 2017-2021 in Uganda. All participants were between 10-18 years of age and without active co-infections. PHIVs were on ART with HIV-1 RNA level ≤400 copies/mL. We measured plasma and cellular markers of monocyte activation, T-cell activation (expression of CD38 and HLA-DR on CD4+ and CD8+), oxidized LDL, markers of gut integrity and fungal translocation. Groups were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Changes from baseline were examined with 97.5% confidence intervals on relative fold change. P values were adjusted for false discovery rate.ResultsWe enrolled 101 PHIV and 96 HIV-; among these, 89 PHIV and 79 HIV- also had measurements at 96 weeks. At baseline, median (Q1, Q3) age was 13 yrs (11,15), and 52% were females. In PHIV, median CD4+ cell counts were 988 cells/µL (638, 1308), ART duration was 10 yrs (8, 11), and 85% had viral load &lt;50 copies/mL throughout the study, 53% of participants had a regimen switch between visits, 85% of whom switched to 3TC, TDF and DTG. Over 96 weeks, while hsCRP decreased by 40% in PHIV (p=0.12), I-FABP and BDG both increased by 19 and 38% respectively (p=0.08 and ≤0.01) and did not change in HIV- (p≥0.33). At baseline, PHIVs had higher monocyte activation (sCD14) (p=0.01) and elevated frequencies of non-classical monocytes (p&lt;0.01) compared to HIV- which remained stable over time in PHIV but increased by 34% and 80% respectively in HIV-. At both time points, PHIVs had higher T cell activation (p ≤ 0.03: CD4+/CD8+ T cells expressing HLA-DR and CD38). Only in PHIV, at both timepoints, oxidized LDL was inversely associated with activated T cells(p&lt;0.01). Switching to dolutegravir at week 96 was significantly associated an elevated level of sCD163 (β=0.4, 95% CI=0.14,0.57, p&lt;0.01), without changes in other markers.ConclusionUgandan PHIV with viral suppression have some improvement in markers of inflammation over time, however T-cell activation remains elevated. Gut integrity and translocation worsened only in PHIV over time. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms causing immune activation in ART treated African PHIV is crucial.
Circulating miRNA-19b as a biomarker of disease progression and treatment response to baricitinib in rheumatoid arthritis patients through miRNA profiling of monocytes
Authors: Ciechomska Marzena , Roszkowski Leszek , Burakowski Tomasz , Massalska Magdalena , Felis-Giemza Anna , Roura Adria-Jaume 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionA number of studies have demonstrated a key role of miRNA isolated from cells, tissue or body fluids as disease-specific biomarkers of autoimmune rheumatic diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). Also, the expression level of miRNA is changing during disease development, therefore miRNA can be used as biomarkers monitoring RA progression and treatment response. In this study we have investigated the monocytes-specific miRNA that could serve as potential biomarkers of disease progression observed in sera and synovial fluids (SF) in early (eRA) and advanced (aRA) RA and in RA patients before and 3 months after selective JAK inhibitor (JAKi) -baricitinib treatment.MethodsSamples from healthy control (HC) (n=37), RA (n=44) and SSc (n=10) patients were used. MiRNA-seq of HC, RA, and SSc monocytes was performed to find versatile miRNA present in different rheumatic diseases. Selected miRNAs were validated in body fluids in eRA (&lt;2 years disease onset) and aRA (&gt;2 years disease onset) and RA patients receiving baricitinib.ResultsUsing miRNA-seq, we selected top 6 miRNA out of 95 that were significantly changed in both RA and SSc monocytes compared to HC. To identify circulating miRNA predicting RA progression, these 6 miRNA were measured in eRA and aRA sera and SF. Interestingly, miRNA (-19b-3p, -374a-5p, -3614-5p) were significantly increased in eRA sera vs HC and even further upregulated in SF vs aRA sera. In contrast, miRNA-29c-5p was significantly reduced in eRA sera vs HC and even further decreased in SF vs aRA sera. Kegg pathway analysis predicted that miRNA were involved in inflammatory-mediated pathways. ROC analysis demonstrated that miRNA-19b-3p (AUC=0.85, p=0.04) can be used as biomarker predicting JAKi response.DiscussionIn conclusion, we identified and validated miRNA candidates which were present simultaneously in monocytes, sera, SF and that can be used as biomarkers predicting joint inflammation and monitoring therapy response to JAKi in RA patients.
Factors influencing dietary patterns among the youth from higher educational institutions in India
Authors: Soam Sudhir K. , Yashavanth B. S. , Dhumantarao Thammi Raju , Maruthamuthu Balakrishnan , Balasani Raghupathi , Rakesh S. 
Published: March 2023

PurposeTo determine the factors influencing the dietary habits of the varied groups among adults in India.Design/approachData on food habits such as choice of diet, preference toward meat, spicy food, sugar/calorie etc., were collected from the participants (from several higher education institutions) of different training programmes and events organised at ICAR-NAARM, Hyderabad and its students of Post Graduate Diploma in Agribusiness Management.FindingsResults of the study indicated that the food choice of the respondents is highly influenced by their region, age and gender. Most of the respondents preferred vegetarian food with increasing age. We also noticed that as age of the respondents increased, their preference toward simple &amp; plain food (with less oil/spice) also increased. From the present investigation, it is recommended that the customized food menu should be prepared in every food serving institution based on the region, age and gender of the consumer.NoveltyAnalysis of dietary patterns can be helpful for doctors, dieticians, food policy-making, restaurateurs, youth hostels, food organisations, mega kitchens etc. that would also contribute to responsible food consumption.
Efficacy and tolerability of perampanel in patients with seizures in real-world clinical practice: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hou Liyan , Yang Jingjing , Zhang Xuan , Li Na , Li Sheng , Zhang Lei , Zhao Jie , Wang Qingshan 
Published: March 2023

Objectives: The aim of this study was to systematically review the efficacy and tolerability of perampanel (PER) when used as add-on treatment or monotherapy in patients with epilepsy aged 12 years and older in routine clinical practice.Methods: Electronic and clinical trials databases were searched for observational studies of PER published up to 1 March 2022. The outcomes of interest were responder rates, adverse effects (AEs), and withdrawal rates. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore the potential factors that might affect the efficacy and safety of PER usage.Results: A total of 56 studies, which included 10,688 patients, were enrolled. The results showed that after 3, 6, and 12 months of PER treatment, the pooled 50% responder rates in patients with epilepsy were 50.0% (95% CI: 0.41–0.60), 44.0% (95% CI: 0.38–0.50), and 39.0% (95% CI: 0.31–0.48), respectively, and the pooled seizure-free rates were 24.0% (95% CI: 0.17–0.32), 21.0% (95% CI: 0.17–0.25), and 20.0% (95% CI: 0.16–0.24), respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed that the efficacy of PER could be affected by the way in which PER is administrated. Patients in the groups where PER was used as the first add-on, primary monotherapy, or combined with non–enzyme-inducing AEDs (non-EIAEDs) displayed a high 50% responder rate and seizure-free rate when compared with those in the late add-on, conversion therapy, or combined with the EIAEDs groups, respectively. Furthermore, the incidences of AEs at 3, 6, and 12 months of PER treatment were 46% (95% CI: 0.38–0.55), 52.0% (95% CI: 0.43–0.60), and 46.0% (95% CI: 0.40–0.52), respectively. The withdrawal rates due to AEs were 8.0% (95% CI: 0.06–0.11), 16.0% (95% CI: 0.13–0.20), and 16% (95% CI: 0.11–0.21) at 3, 6, and 12 months of PER treatment, respectively. Subgroup analyses showed a higher withdrawal rate in the rapid (30%, 95% CI: 0.22–0.38) than in the slow (12%, 95% CI: 0.06–0.18) titration group.Conclusion: Altogether, PER was effective and could be fairly tolerated in both short-term and long-term usage in patients with epilepsy in routine clinical practice. Furthermore, PER appeared to be more effective when PER was used as the first add-on, monotherapy, or concomitant with non-EIAEDs.Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022384532.
Risk of recurrent cardiovascular events in coronary artery disease patients with Type D personality
Authors: Torgersen Kristin Stensland , Sverre Elise Christine Bjørkholen , Weedon-Fekjær Harald , Andreassen Ole A. , Munkhaugen John , Dammen Toril 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionData on the association between Type D personality, its traits negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI), and risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in coronary outpatients is sparse. Furthermore, the associations between Type D subgroups and cardiovascular risk factors are largely unknown.MethodsWe investigated i) Type D personality, NA and SI and risk of recurrent MACE, and ii) the relationship between Type D subgroups and risk factors in a coronary population. This prospective cohort study included 1083 patients` median 16 months after a myocardial infarction and/or a revascularization procedure who were followed-up for 4.2 (SD 0.4) years. Type D personality was assessed by DS14. Anxiety and depression, statin adherence, and risk factors were assessed by patients’ self-report and a clinical examination with blood samples. MACE, defined as cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, revascularization, stroke or heart failure, were obtained from hospital records from index event to end of study lasting 5.7 years. Data were analyzed by Cox proportional hazard regression.ResultsIn all, 352 MACE occurred in 230 patients after average 4.2 years follow-up. Higher NA score was associated with MACE after adjustment for age, risk factors and comorbidity (HR 1.02 per unit increase, 95% CI 1.00-1.05), whereas we found a weaker, not statistically significant estimated effect of higher SI score. After additional adjustment for symptoms of anxiety and depression, we found a weaker, not statistically significant association between NA and MACE (HR 1.01 per unit increase, 95% CI 0.98-1.05). Low statin adherence and smoking were more prevalent in the Type D and high NA group.DiscussionOur results indicate that the NA trait is related to worse prognosis in outpatients with coronary artery disease.
Sustainable entrepreneurship out of entrepreneurial opportunity identification: The mediating role of psychological capital
Authors: Zhang Hongxin , Chen Hongxia 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThe aim of the present study, was to examine the simultaneous effects of entrepreneurial opportunity identification (EOI) and psychological capital (PC) on university students' entrepreneurial intention (EI). Compared with necessity-driven entrepreneurship, opportunity-driven entrepreneurship is more sustainable. Scholars have shown that EOI is key to forming EI, but little has been discussed about its association with PC.MethodsA total of 555 university students in China were enrolled by means of convenience sampling. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis of variables were performed using SPSS 21.0 software. Structural equation modeling analysis (SEM) with AMOS 21.0 was used to examine the structural effects of EOI and PC on university students' EI.ResultsAccording to the results, university students' EOI and PC had a positive and insignificant influence on their levels of EI. Furthermore, PC was found to fully mediate the impact of EOI on EI.DiscussionThe present study could shed light on new instructions to examine the interaction between the cognitive and psychological components of EI in the field of entrepreneurship. It is recommended that educators and practitioners should pay regard to the role of EOI and PC.
Preemptive endoluminal vacuum therapy with the VACStent—A pilot study to reduce anastomotic leakage after Ivor Lewis hybrid esophagectomy
Authors: Lange Jonas , Eisenberger Claus Ferdinand , Knievel Judith , Linderer Anne , Heiss Markus Maria 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionEndoscopic treatment by vacuum therapy (EVT) or covered stents has emerged as an improved treatment option for upper gastrointestinal wall defects and is regarded as an improved treatment option for anastomotic leakage (AL) after esophagectomy. However, endoluminal EVT devices may lead to obstruction of the GI tract; and a high rate of migration and missing functional drainage has been shown for covered stents. The recently developed VACStent, a combination of a fully covered stent within a polyurethane sponge cylinder may overcome these issues allowing EVT while stent passage is still open. Initial clinical applications have demonstrated efficacy, practicability and safety in the treatment of esophageal leaks (AL).MethodsIn this pilot study, 9 patients with high-risk anastomosis after neoadjuvant therapy undergoing hybrid esophagectomy received the VACStent in a preemptive setting for the assessment of the reduction of the AL rate, postoperative morbidity and mortality.ResultsTechnical success of the application of the VACStent® was achieved in all interventions. One patient experienced anastomotic leakage 10 days after esophagectomy and was successfully treated with two consecutive VACStents and a VAC Sponge. In summary, mortality in-hospital was 0% and anastomotic healing was uneventful without septic episodes. No severe device-related adverse events (SADE) nor significant local bleeding or erosion could be observed. Oral intake of liquids or food was documented in all patients. The device handling was regarded uncomplicated.DiscussionThe preemptive application of the VACStent offers a promising new option for improved clinical treatment avoiding of critical situations in hybrid esophagectomy, which should be validated in a large clinical study.
Oxygen Vacancies in Zirconia and Their Migration: The Role of Hubbard-U Parameters in Density Functional Theory
Authors: Gebauer Ralph 
Published: March 2023

Cubic zirconia (c-ZrO2) is studied using Density Functional Theory with Hubbard-U corrections (DFT+U). It is shown that the determination of the U-parameters from first principles leads to values for U(Zr-4d) and U(O-2p) which are very different from standard choices. The calculated band gap with these values for U closely matches the experimental gap. Oxygen vacancies are studied using this approach, and it is found that it is possible to closely reproduce the vacancy migration energies calculated with a hybrid functional. The oxygen vacancy is associated with two excess electrons which localize in the vacancy’s cavity. In the presence of these excess electrons, the barrier for vacancy migration is very high. If instead, a charged vacancy VO2+ is considered, its mobility increases considerably—an effect that is attributed to the absence of space charges localized in the cavity.
PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN PREMI, HASIL UNDERWRITING DAN RISK BASED CAPITAL TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PT ASURANSI RAMAYANA Tbk. 2011-2020
Authors: Ritha Henny 
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pertumbuhan premi, Hasil underwriting dan risk based capital terhadap profitabilitas PT. Asuransi Ramayana Tbk. 2011-2020. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yaitu laporan keuangan PT Asuransi Ramayana Tbk 2011-2020. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda. Metode pengumpulan data penelitian ini adalah metode dokumentasi yaitu studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen pertumbuhan premi, hasil underwriting, dan risk based capital berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap profitabilitas PT Asuransi Ramayana Tbk 2011-2020. Hasil underwriting dan risk based capital berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas, sedangkan pertumbuhan premi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas PT Asuransi Ramayana Tbk 2011-2020.
Life Situation Scale for Parents of Children with Oncological Diseases – Polish adaptation
Authors: Socha Izabela , Janicka Iwona 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: A child’s cancer diagnosis causes severe stress for parents throughout the treatment process. Long-term stress, an uncertain prognosis and constant disposability cause the carers of a sick child to experience adverse changes in the areas of physical and psychosocial health. Their living situation depends on the support they receive from loved ones and from medical staff. Research on the assessment of their specific living situation is gaining importance, which requires the use of an appropriate tool. Such possibilities are provided by the Life Situation Scale for Parents of children with cancer. The article presents the next steps in the adaptation of this questionnaire. Methods: A total of 112 parents of children with cancer participated in the study. Parents were in the age range 25 to 59 years (M = 38.56 years; SD = 6.71). The procedure for adapting the Life Situation Scale for Parents (LSS-P) included verification of the factor structure and assessment of the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the questionnaire. Results: Statistical analyses confirmed the good psychometric properties of the Polish adaptation of the Life Situation Scale for Parents (LSS-P). The adaptation includes 20 statements and measures 3 types of support: social, emotional and institutional i.e. received directly from the medical staff. Conclusion: Life Situation Scale for Parents of children with cancer proved to be a valid and reliable tool. The scale can be used in diagnosing the needs of parents in the process of a child’s cancer. This tool can be particularly useful in Oncology Departments, where it is important to care not only for the little patient, but also for their parents.