bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Clinic-Based Interventions to Reduce Racial Differences in Mortality Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States
Authors: Zalla Lauren C , Cole Stephen R , Eron Joseph J , Adimora Adaora A , Vines Anissa I , Althoff Keri N , Marconi Vincent C , Gill M John , Horberg Michael A , Silverberg Michael J , Rebeiro Peter F , Lang Raynell , Kasaie Parastu , Moore Richard D , Edwards Jessie K 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Mortality remains elevated among Black versus White adults receiving human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care in the United States. We evaluated the effects of hypothetical clinic-based interventions on this mortality gap.

Methods
We computed 3-year mortality under observed treatment patterns among &gt;40 000 Black and &gt;30 000 White adults entering HIV care in the United States from 1996 to 2019. We then used inverse probability weights to impose hypothetical interventions, including immediate treatment and guideline-based follow-up. We considered 2 scenarios: “universal” delivery of interventions to all patients and “focused” delivery of interventions to Black patients while White patients continued to follow observed treatment patterns.

Results
Under observed treatment patterns, 3-year mortality was 8% among White patients and 9% among Black patients, for a difference of 1 percentage point (95% confidence interval [CI], .5–1.4). The difference was reduced to 0.5% under universal immediate treatment (95% CI, −.4% to 1.3%) and to 0.2% under universal immediate treatment combined with guideline-based follow-up (95% CI, −1.0% to 1.4%). Under the focused delivery of both interventions to Black patients, the Black–White difference in 3-year mortality was −1.4% (95% CI, −2.3% to −.4%).

Conclusions
Clinical interventions, particularly those focused on enhancing the care of Black patients, could have significantly reduced the mortality gap between Black and White patients entering HIV care from 1996 to 2019.
Sexual and mating system inThor hainanensis(Decapoda: Natantia: Thoridae) from the Lakshadweep Archipelago, India
Authors: Jose Sheena , Prakash Sanjeevi , Ajith Kumar Thipramalai Thangappan , Sarkar Uttam Kumar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that the Hainan’s squat shrimp Thor hainanensisXu & Li, 2014 undergoes a sex change and displays protandric hermaphroditism, a well-known feature from other congeners (T. dicaprioAnker & Baeza, 2021 and T. amboinensis (De Man, 1888)). We used morphological traits indicative of male function to categorize shrimp as prehensile males, non-prehensile males, and females. The linear relationship among the different morphological characters and the sexual morphs revealed that T. hainanensis has a sexual system of partial protandric hermaphroditism, where 50% of the population stays as active males and the rest of the population changes to female. Observations on the social and mating behaviour suggest that T. hainanensis exhibits a ‘search and defend’ mating system unlike other tropical caridean shrimps featuring protandrous hermaphroditism.
Adaptive neural network ensemble using prediction frequency
Authors: Lee Ungki , Kang Namwoo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNeural network (NN) ensembles can reduce large prediction variance of NN and improve prediction accuracy. For highly non-linear problems with insufficient data set, the prediction accuracy of NN models becomes unstable, resulting in a decrease in the accuracy of ensembles. Therefore, this study proposes a prediction frequency-based ensemble that identifies core prediction values, which are core prediction members to be used in the ensemble and are expected to be concentrated near the true response. The prediction frequency-based ensemble classifies core prediction values ​​supported by multiple NN models ​​by conducting statistical analysis with a frequency distribution, which is a collection of prediction values ​​obtained from various NN models for a given prediction point. The prediction frequency-based ensemble searches for a range of prediction values that contains prediction values above a certain frequency, and thus the predictive performance can be improved by excluding prediction values with low accuracy ​​and coping with the uncertainty of the most frequent value. An adaptive sampling strategy that sequentially adds samples based on the core prediction variance calculated as the variance of the core prediction values is proposed to improve the predictive performance of the prediction frequency-based ensemble efficiently. Results of various case studies show that the prediction accuracy of the prediction frequency-based ensemble is higher than that of Kriging and other existing ensemble methods. In addition, the proposed adaptive sampling strategy effectively improves the predictive performance of the prediction frequency-based ensemble compared with the previously developed space-filling and prediction variance-based strategies.
Enhancing prestack seismic data by sparse radon transform and dynamic waveform matching
Authors: Ma Fangzheng , Wu Chengliang , Sheng Shen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the field of complex underground geological structures and irregular topography, prestack seismic data often have a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), in which weakly reflected signals are buried beneath strong incoherent, and scattered noise. Stacking, such as beamforming along the moveout surfaces of coherent local events, can significantly improve seismic data quality. Accurate and efficient estimation of the moveout for an irregular acquisition geometry and uneven illumination is important in a complex environment. In this paper, a new optimal stacking approach for enhancing weak prestack reflection signals is presented. The proposed method mainly includes regional division and moveout estimation. Optimal stacking should be implemented within local time and space domains. Based on beam-ray theory, we designed a reasonable regional division of the common-shot (CS), common-receiver (CR) and common-middle-point (CMP) domains. Then, we proposed using the sparse radon transform and dynamic waveform matching method to estimate the moveout surfaces of local reflection events. The sparse radon transform was applied to obtain the linear moveout to ensure the correctness of the reflection wave direction. The residual nonlinear disturbance was estimated using the dynamic waveform matching method. Tests on synthetic and field data demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method, which can effectively improve the SNR of prestack seismic data and attenuate incoherent noise.
Adjuvant endocrine therapy uptake, toxicity, quality of life, and prediction of early discontinuation
Authors: Balazard Félix , Bertaut Aurélie , Bordet Élise , Mulard Stéphane , Blanc Julie , Briot Nathalie , Paux Gautier , Dhaini Merimeche Asma , Rigal Olivier , Coutant Charles , Fournier Marion , Jouannaud Christelle , Soulie Patrick , Lerebours Florence , Cottu Paul-Henri , Tredan Olivier , Vanlemmens Laurence , Levy Christelle , Mouret-Reynier Marie-Ange , Campone Mario , Brady Keri J S , Sasane Medha , Rice Megan , Coulouvrat Catherine , Martin Anne-Laure , Jacquet Alexandra , Vaz-Luis Ines , Herold Christina , Pistilli Barbara 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Many patients receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) for breast cancer experience side effects and reduced quality of life (QoL) and discontinue ET. We sought to describe these issues and develop a prediction model of early discontinuation of ET.

Methods
Among patients with hormone receptor–positive and HER2-negative stage I-III breast cancer of the Cancer Toxicities cohort (NCT01993498) who were prescribed adjuvant ET between 2012 and 2017, upon stratification by menopausal status, we evaluated adjuvant ET patterns including treatment change and patient-reported discontinuation and ET-associated toxicities and impact on QoL. Independent variables included clinical and demographic features, toxicities, and patient-reported outcomes. A machine-learning model to predict time to early discontinuation was trained and evaluated on a held-out validation set.

Results
Patient-reported discontinuation rate of the first prescribed ET at 4 years was 30% and 35% in 4122 postmenopausal and 2087 premenopausal patients, respectively. Switching to a new ET was associated with higher symptom burden, poorer QoL, and higher discontinuation rate. Early discontinuation rate of adjuvant ET before treatment completion was 13% in postmenopausal and 15% in premenopausal patients. The early discontinuation model obtained a C index of 0.62 in the held-out validation set. Many aspects of QoL, most importantly fatigue and insomnia (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL questionnaire 30), were associated with early discontinuation.

Conclusion
Tolerability and adherence to ET remains a challenge for patients who switch to a second ET. An early discontinuation model using patient-reported outcomes identifies patients likely to discontinue their adjuvant ET. Improved management of toxicities and novel more tolerable adjuvant ETs are needed for maintaining patients on treatment.
Gastrojejunocolic fistula: a rare complication of peptic ulcer surgery
Authors: Azouz Sarra Ben , Hassine Hajer , Debbabi Habiba , Yacoub Haythem , Cherif Dhouha , Elkhouni Balkis , Boukriba Seif , Kchir Hela , Maamouri Nadia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Gastrojejunocolic fistula (GJF) is a very rare complication of peptic ulcer surgery. Patients with this condition often present with diarrhea, fecal vomiting as well as weight loss. Here, we report a case of 62-year-old male with a GJF complicating upper gastrointestinal surgery.
Haemorrhagic cholecystitis treated with endovascular embolization
Authors: Morrow Joseph , Garvey Christopher , Ryan J Mark 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Haemorrhagic cholecystitis is a rare complication of acute cholecystitis. Traditionally, treatment has been with emergency cholecystectomy. Endovascular management of haemorrhage allows the patient to be optimized for surgery at a later date. Our case presents a 52-year-old woman with haemorrhagic cholecystitis who underwent endovascular coil embolization of the cystic artery in interventional radiology. Further complications later ensued including a haematoma in the gallbladder fossa and a bile leak into the peritoneal cavity. As a result, the patient had an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with placement of a covered stent into the extrahepatic bile ducts. The patient later developed abscess formation in the gallbladder fossa, which was managed with a percutaneous pigtail drain. Following clinical and radiological improvement, the patient was discharged with the gallbladder fossa drain and biliary stent in situ to await elective cholecystectomy. Endovascular embolization is a useful alternative, in the acute setting, to emergency surgical cholecystectomy.
Redox regulation, thioredoxins, and glutaredoxins in retrograde signalling and gene transcription
Authors: Sevilla Francisca , Martí Maria Carmen , De Brasi-Velasco Sabrina , Jiménez Ana 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Integration of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signal transduction pathways via redox sensors and the thiol-dependent signalling network is of increasing interest in cell biology for their implications in plant growth and productivity. Redox regulation is an important point of control in protein structure, interactions, cellular location, and function, with thioredoxins (TRXs) and glutaredoxins (GRXs) being key players in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis. The crosstalk between second messengers, ROS, thiol redox signalling, and redox homeostasis-related genes controls almost every aspect of plant development and stress response. We review the emerging roles of TRXs and GRXs in redox-regulated processes interacting with other cell signalling systems such as organellar retrograde communication and gene expression, especially in plants during their development and under stressful environments. This approach will cast light on the specific role of these proteins as redox signalling components, and their importance in different developmental processes during abiotic stress.
The Influence of Advanced Hyperbaric Medical Training on Arterial Gas Embolism Treatment
Authors: Franco Michael A , Ng Peter , Tuft Michael J , Keuski Brian M 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
3d Reconnaissance Battalion, a forward-deployed Marine Corps unit in Okinawa, Japan, frequently performs diving operations. Often throughout the year, several reconnaissance teams are diving simultaneously in different locations for training. We present a case of an otherwise healthy 30-year-old-male Reconnaissance Marine who surfaced from a dive with abnormal symptoms and received prompt care from exercise participants who were nonmedical personnel. Studies have demonstrated improved morbidity outcomes in decompression illness patients with shorter times to hyperbaric treatment following the onset of symptoms. High-risk military exercises with diving components have a mandatory safety structure that includes recompression chamber support. All United States Marine Corps Reconnaissance, Marine Corps Special Operations Command, and U.S. Navy dive operations are required to have at least one diving supervisor. To expand the diving capabilities of the unit, Marines are encouraged to attend training and qualify as diving supervisors. This case study demonstrates the efficacy and importance of training Recon Marines to recognize decompression illness as diving supervisors.
Mass-stream trajectories with non-synchronously rotating donors
Authors: Hendriks D D , Izzard R G 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Mass-transfer interactions in binary stars can lead to accretion disc formation, mass-loss from the system, and spin-up of the accretor. To determine the trajectory of the mass-transfer stream, and whether it directly impacts the accretor, or forms an accretion disc, requires numerical simulations. The mass-transfer stream is approximately ballistic, and analytic approximations based on such trajectories are used in many binary population synthesis codes as well as in detailed stellar evolution codes. We use binary population synthesis to explore the conditions under which mass transfer takes place. We then solve the reduced three-body equations to compute the trajectory of a particle in the stream for systems with varying system mass ratio, donor synchronicity, and initial stream velocity. Our results show that, on average, both more mass and more time are spent during mass transfer from a sub-synchronous donor than from a synchronous donor. Moreover, we find that at low initial stream velocity, the asynchronous rotation of the donor leads to self-accretion over a large range of mass ratios, especially for supersynchronous donors. The stream (self-)intersects in a narrow region of parameter space where it transitions between accreting on to the donor or the accretor. Increasing the initial stream velocity leads to larger areas of the parameter space where the stream accretes on to the accretor, but also more (self-)intersection. The radii of closest approach generally increase, but the range of specific angular momenta that these trajectories carry at the radius of closest approach gets broader. Our results are made publicly available.
Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in Japanese patients with systemic sclerosis and associated interstitial lung disease: A subgroup analysis of a global, randomised, controlled Phase 3 trial
Authors: Kuwana Masataka , Takehara Kazuhiko , Tanaka Yoshiya , Yamashita Katsuhisa , Katsumata Kyoko , Takata Mai , Shima Yoshihito 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The aim of this article is to investigate the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in Japanese patients with systemic sclerosis.

Methods
Post hoc subgroup analysis of a global, randomised, controlled trial in patients treated with weekly tocilizumab 162 mg or placebo subcutaneously in a 48-week double-blind period (tocilizumab and placebo groups) followed by tocilizumab for 48 weeks in an open-label extension (continuous-tocilizumab and placebo-tocilizumab groups).

Results
Among 20 patients, 12 were randomised to tocilizumab (all had interstitial lung disease) and eight were randomised to placebo (six had interstitial lung disease). The modified Rodnan skin score improved in both treatment groups. The mean change in percent-predicted forced vital capacity was 3.3% [95% confidence interval (CI), −2.5 to 9.0] for tocilizumab and −3.8% (95% CI, −9.9 to 2.2) for placebo in the double-blind period and 2.0% (95% CI, −0.7 to 4.6) for continuous-tocilizumab and −1.4% (95% CI, −6.7 to 4.0) for placebo-tocilizumab in the open-label extension. Rates of serious adverse events per 100 patient-years were 19.3 for tocilizumab and 26.8 for placebo in the double-blind period and 0.0 for continuous-tocilizumab and 13.6 for placebo-tocilizumab in the open-label period.

Conclusions
The efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in patients with systemic sclerosis were consistent between the Japanese subpopulation and the global trial population.
A low-coverage 3′ RNA-seq to detect homeolog expression in polyploid wheat
Authors: Sun Jianqiang , Okada Moeko , Tameshige Toshiaki , Shimizu-Inatsugi Rie , Akiyama Reiko , Nagano Atsushi J , Sese Jun , Shimizu Kentaro K 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Although allopolyploid species are common among natural and crop species, it is not easy to distinguish duplicated genes, known as homeologs, during their genomic analysis. Yet, cost-efficient RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is to be developed for large-scale transcriptomic studies such as time-series analysis and genome-wide association studies in allopolyploids. In this study, we employed a 3′ RNA-seq utilizing 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) containing frequent mutations among homeologous genes, compared to coding sequence. Among the 3′ RNA-seq protocols, we examined a low-cost method Lasy-Seq using an allohexaploid bread wheat, Triticum aestivum. HISAT2 showed the best performance for 3′ RNA-seq with the least mapping errors and quick computational time. The number of detected homeologs was further improved by extending 1 kb of the 3′ UTR annotation. Differentially expressed genes in response to mild cold treatment detected by the 3′ RNA-seq were verified with high-coverage conventional RNA-seq, although the latter detected more differentially expressed genes. Finally, downsampling showed that even a 2 million sequencing depth can still detect more than half of expressed homeologs identifiable by the conventional 32 million reads. These data demonstrate that this low-cost 3′ RNA-seq facilitates large-scale transcriptomic studies of allohexaploid wheat and indicate the potential application to other allopolyploid species.
GENETIC SCREENING REVEALS DEPENDENCY ON FEN1 TO RESIST TEMOZOLOMIDE IN TREATMENT-RESISTANT GLIOBLASTOMA STEM CELLS
Authors: Brakel Benjamin , Saleh Ali , Saleh Melissa , Miletic Petar , Salim Sabra , Maich William , Brown Kevin R , Tieu David , Venugopal Chitra , Moffat Jason , Katyal Sachin , Singh Sheila K , Chokshi Chirayu R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
BTFC travel award recipient
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal brain tumor. Despite intensive standard of care (SoC) consisting of surgical resection followed by radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), tumor relapse is inevitable with a median overall survival of 14.6 months. Therapeutic failure is attributable to the presence of GBM stem-like cells (GSCs), which are highly resistant to genotoxic therapies, self-renew and differentiate to perpetuate intra-tumoral heterogeneity, and seed tumor recurrence. However, no clinical advances have been made in overcoming resistance to therapy in GSCs, and the mechanisms underlying this resistance remain largely unknown. With the advent of CRISPR-Cas9 technology, functional genetic screens have been used to identify genes that regulate survival and sensitivity to TMZ in GSCs. However, they have not been applied to SoC and a comprehensive set of modulators governing resistance to combination treatment has yet to be determined. Here, we perform genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening in patient-derived treatment-sensitive and treatment-resistant GSC models under normal growth conditions or while exposed to in vitro chemoradiotherapy. By integrating genetic dependencies and treatment-based conditional genetic interactions modulating sensitivity to SoC, we identify flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) as a driver of GSC survival and therapy resistance in treatment-resistant GBM. Functionally, FEN1 inhibition demonstrates specific killing and synergy with TMZ in treatment-resistant GSCs while sparing healthy neural stem cells (NSCs) and treatment-sensitive GSCs. At the molecular level, FEN1 inhibition induces DNA damage and repair specifically in treatment-resistant GBM, posing FEN1 as an attractive therapeutic target in this population of GBM patients which SoC currently fails.
THE CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR LANDSCAPE OF GLIOMAS IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS
Authors: Bennett J , Nobre L , Sheth J , Ryall S , Fang K , Johnson M , Negm L , Chung J , Komosa M , Nunes N , Lim Fat M J , Perry J , Sahgal A , Detsky J , Bouffet E , Naz-Hazrati L , Dirks P , Ertl-Wagner B , Kongkham P , Zadeh G , Mason W , Cusimano M , Das S , Gao A , Tsang D , Nguyen L , Laperriere N , Keith J , Munoz D , Tabori U , Hawkins C 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Molecular alterations in gliomas in adolescents and young adults (AYA) have not been comprehensively described to date. To determine the impact of mutation, we performed a population based study of gliomas in AYA.
METHODS: Patients diagnosed from 2000-2019 with glioma between 15-39.9 years were eligible. Comprehensive molecular analysis was performed. Therapeutic and outcome data was collected. For comparison, analysis included patients aged 0-39.9 years. RESULTS: A total of 876 AYA gliomas were included. Genetic alterations were found in 95% of available tumours. Pediatric-type mutations were found in 33% of AYA tumours. The most common paediatric alterations included BRAF p.V600E (11%) and FGFR alterations (7%) while BRAF fusions (4%), H3 p.K27M (4%) and H3.3 p.G34R (1%) were rare. IDH mutation was found in 57% of tumours. Molecular GBM accounted for 7%. Paediatric-type alterations had different outcomes in AYA than children. Ten-year OS of 100%, 90% and 95% was seen for BRAF fused, BRAF-V600E and FGFR-altered AYA low grade glioma (LGG), compared to 14% and 25% for BRAF- V600E and FGFR-altered high grade glioma (HGG) respectively. BRAF and FGFR mutant tumours had higher proportion of HGG versus LGG in AYA compared to children (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.2-5.6) while outcome was improved in LGG in AYA compared to children with a 10 year PFS of 76.8% vs 51.6% respectively (p=0.0009) suggesting a transition phase occurring during adolescence and early adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: AYA gliomas are enriched for paediatric-type alterations with distinct outcomes. Routine analysis is required given the role for targeted inhibitors.