bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and quantitative analysis for atmospheric bioaerosols based on mixed fluorescence spectra
Authors: Jian Xiaojiao , He Tingyao , Li Jiaojiao 
Published: January 2025

Using UV lidar to induce bioaerosol fluorescence is an effective method
for detecting atmospheric bioaerosols. In this work, vertex component
analysis, combined with the genetic algorithm, is proposed to analyze
the received fluorescence spectra from UV LIF lidar. The pure
components in the mixed fluorescence spectra are extracted using the
vertex component analysis method, and then the genetic algorithm is
adopted to fit the proportion of each component in the mixed spectra.
The echo signals of the UV LIF lidar are simulated using the Voigt
function at the excitation wavelength of 266 nm. All components
can be correctly identified. Low-frequency noise is one of the
significant interference factors when non-biological particles are
present in the atmosphere. For three mixed components—bacillus
subtilis, escherichia coli, and meadow oat pollen—the genetic
algorithm can predict the proportion of each component with high
accuracy, even in the presence of low-frequency noise. The stability
of the algorithm was also explored with mixtures of four and five
components, along with low-frequency noise. The residual predictive
deviation (RPD) for all cases ranged from 2.0 to 28.2. It was
concluded that the genetic algorithm can effectively predict the
proportions in the mixed fluorescence spectra.
Comparison of distributed and centralized quantum key management systems for meshed QKD networks
Authors: Wenning Mario , Berl Jonas , Fehenberger Tobias , Mas-Machuca Carmen 
Published: January 2025

Recent developments in quantum key distribution (QKD) demonstrate the maturity of securing sensitive data against the emerging quantum computing threat. For QKD-secured long-haul and meshed optical transport networks (OTNs), quantum key management systems (QKMSs) are essential to overcome current distance limitations of available QKD devices. In this work, we present and compare two implementations of QKMSs, analyzing their scalability with an emulated QKD network (QKDN) utilizing recorded performance metrics from deployed QKD devices. First, we use a state-of-the-art Internet routing scheme, i.e., open shortest path first (OSPF), demonstrating that key management entities (KMEs) can solve the key routing problem utilizing distributed routing. Second, we apply software-defined networking (SDN) to implement centralized routing with a SDN controller. This paper compares distributed with centralized key routing regarding scalability, throughput, and latency. Both schemes facilitate up to six key relays between any pair of nodes in parallel with average key relay durations per hop below 300 ms given the Nobel-Germany topology and any-to-any demand matrix. With a network-wide joint key routing optimization in the SDN controller, up to 16.7% higher demands can be served compared to distributed key routing. Within the inherent compatibility of our study to network-function virtualization (NFV), we guideline future integration of QKMSs into deployed OTNs.
Near-metameric illumination changes affect visually perceived food attributes
Authors: Cebioglu I. , Mistry M. , Vasey R. , Hurlbert A. 
Published: January 2025

Food color may signal vital food attributes, e.g., ripeness (yellow) or rottenness (brown) in a banana. Previous studies on the influence of color appearance on perceived food quality have typically used 2D images and confounded appearance changes with other factors. Here, using immersive viewing of real 3D naturalistic fruits and vegetables, we demonstrate that near-metameric changes in the illumination spectrum are sufficient to drive changes in perceived food quality, via changes in object color appearance alone, keeping all other contextual factors constant. Both hue and saturation changes induce perceived positive attribute changes, varying with the object and individual participant.
Effect of orbital angular momentum on self-focusing of Laguerre–Gaussian laser beams in magnetized plasma
Authors: Patil S. S. , Patil P. P. , Khandale K. Y. , Takale M. V. , Patil S. D. 
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the propagation of high-power twisted Laguerre–Gaussian beams (LGBs) carrying orbital angular momentum in plasma. A paraxial-like approach to the phenomenon of self-focusing in the vicinity of the intensity maximum is adopted for both radial and vortex mode indices of LGBs. The nonlinear differential equation for the beam-width parameter of LGBs, as a function of the dimensionless distance of propagation in magnetized plasma, is obtained and solved numerically by using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. For the numerical appreciation of the results, the influence of orbital angular momentum (OAM) and the strength of the magnetic field on critical curves are specifically considered. A comparison is made between two different polarizations, i.e., left circular polarization (LCP) and right circular polarization (RCP), to emphasize the response of the medium.
Level of completion of maternity continuum of care among ever-married women: An analysis of Somalia’s health and demographic survey 2020
Authors: Mohamed Adam A. , Akın Ays‚e , Mihciokur Sare , Üner Sarp , Gele Abdi 
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Somalia is continuing to recover from three decades of underdevelopment, political instability, civil unrest, and protracted humanitarian crises. However, Somalia has one of the lowest maternal health indicators in the world. For instance, the maternal mortality ratio is 621 per 100,000 live births. Extra efforts are needed to improve maternal health. In this study, we aim to investigate the level of completion and coverage along the maternity continuum of care in Somalia.

Method
The study used data from the Somalia Health and Demographic Survey 2020. We restricted our analysis to ever-married women who had a live birth in the five years preceding the survey (n = 2432). Completion of the continuum of maternity care was the outcome variable for this study. It was constructed into a binary variable with complete coded as one and incomplete coded as 0. We categorized it into three models: ANC4+ as the first model, ANC4+ & SBA as the second model, and ANC4+ & SBA & PNC as the third model.

Results
More than half of the women (53.1%) had their most recent births at ≤19 years old. Of all the mothers (n = 2432), only 235 (9.7%) had at least four or more of the recommended antenatal care (ANC4+), and 68 (2.8%) of them utilized skilled birth attendants. Only 14 (0.6%) women received all three maternal healthcare services (ANC4+, SBA, and PNC within 48 hours). About 78.1% of the mothers did not attend any of the three CoC services.

Conclusion
Maternal health care utilization decreases as they progress from ANC4+ to PNC utilization. The government and partners should design and implement strategies to improve maternal healthcare utilization specific to rural and nomads, less educated, not working, low income, and have less power in decision-making.
Congenital Chagas disease: A cohort study to assess molecular diagnostic methods at the Chagas disease national reference center of Argentina
Authors: Lopez-Albizu Constanza , Cura Carolina Inés , Ramirez Juan Carlos , Peyran Pamela , Benchetrit Andrés , Danesi Emmaría , Sosa-Estani Sergio 
Published: January 2025

Background
Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite which causes Chagas disease. Mother-to-child transmission is the main route of transmission in vector-free areas. Congenital Chagas disease refers specifically to cases arising from this route of transmission. This work evaluates the clinical sensitivity of two qPCR techniques for diagnosis of congenital Chagas disease.

Methods
The study was developed in the National Institute of parasitology (NIP), Argentina, and Pan-American Health Organization/ Word Health Organization Collaborating Center for Chagas Disease. Between July 2014 and May 2018, a prospective cohort study was carried out with 499 children born to seropositive for T. cruzi infection included. The performance of qPCR techniques was compared with the gold standard diagnostic algorithm for Congenital Chagas disease (CCD-GS), which comprises performing more than one parasitological test on children from birth until nine months of age, and serology from ten months of age.

Findings
Of the 961 babies born to women seropositive for Chagas disease who were attended at the NIP laboratory, 462 did not meet the study inclusion criteria; 22 cases were diagnosed with congenital Chagas disease. qPCR showed 100% clinical sensitivity and 98 to 100% clinical specificity for the diagnosis of congenital Chagas disease compared with CCD-GS algorithm.

Interpretation
The results obtained in this study demonstrate the clinical accuracy and effectiveness of qPCR SatDNA and qPCR kDNA for diagnosis of congenital Chagas disease. It could be a powerful tool for chagas test and treat strategies to reduce late complications of the disease.

Funding
This work was financed by the INP Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben, ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbran.
Altering the intracellular trafficking of Necator americanus GST-1 antigen yields novel hookworm mRNA vaccine candidates
Authors: De Oliveira Athos Silva , Versteeg Leroy , Briggs Neima , Adhikari Rakesh , Villar Maria Jose , Redd JeAnna R. , Hotez Peter , Bottazzi Maria Elena , Pollet Jeroen 
Published: January 2025

Background
The antigen Na-GST-1, expressed by the hookworm Necator americanus, plays crucial biochemical roles in parasite survival. This study explores the development of mRNA vaccine candidates based on Na-GST-1, building on the success of recombinant Na-GST-1 (rNa-GST-1) protein, currently assessed as a subunit vaccine candidate, which has shown promise in preclinical and clinical studies.

Methodology/findings
By leveraging the flexible design of RNA vaccines and protein intracellular trafficking signal sequences, we developed three variants of Na-GST-1 as native (cytosolic), secretory, and plasma membrane-anchored (PM) antigens. After one immunization in mice, mRNA vaccines induced an earlier onset of antigen-specific antibodies compared to rNa-GST-1. Following two immunizations, mRNA vaccines induced similar or superior levels of antigen-specific antibodies compared to rNa-GST-1. Secretory Na-GST-1 was comparable to rNa-GST1 in producing neutralizing antibodies against Na-GST-1’s thiol transferase activity, while native Na-GST-1 induced a more robust CD8+ T cell response due to its intracellular accumulation. Although PM Na-GST-1 elicited one of highest titers of antigen-specific antibody and a diverse set of memory T-cell populations, it resulted in a lower ratio of neutralizing antibodies after IgG purification compared to the other vaccine candidates.

Conclusions/significance
These findings emphasize the importance of antigen localization in tailoring immune responses and suggest that extracellular antigens are more effective for inducing humoral responses, whereas cytosolic antigen accumulation enhances MHC-1 peptide presentation. Future studies will determine if these in vitro and immunogenicity findings translate to in vivo efficacy. Altogether, mRNA vaccines offer numerous possibilities in the development of multivalent vaccines with single or multiple antigens.
Dengue severity by serotype and immune status in 19 years of pediatric clinical studies in Nicaragua
Authors: Narvaez Federico , Montenegro Carlos , Juarez Jose G. , Zambrana José Victor , Gonzalez Karla , Videa Elsa , Arguello Sonia , Barrios Fanny , Ojeda Sergio , Plazaola Miguel , Sanchez Nery , Camprubí-Ferrer Daniel , Kuan Guillermina , Paz Bailey Gabriela , Harris Eva , Balmaseda Angel 
Published: January 2025

Background
Dengue virus, a major global health threat, consists of four serotypes (DENV1-4) that cause a range of clinical manifestations from mild to severe and potentially fatal disease.

Methods
This study, based on 19 years of data from the Pediatric Dengue Cohort Study and Pediatric Dengue Hospital-based Study in Managua, Nicaragua, investigates the relationship of serotype and immune status with dengue severity. Dengue cases were confirmed by molecular, serological, and/or virological methods, and study participants 6 months to 17 years old were followed during their hospital stay or as ambulatory patients.

Results
We enrolled a total of 15,833 participants, of whom 3,308 (21%) were positive for DENV infection. Of 2,644 cases with serotype result by RT-PCR, 559 corresponded to DENV1, 1,002 to DENV2, 760 to DENV3 and 323 to DENV4. Severe disease was more prevalent among secondary DENV2 and DENV4 cases, while similar disease severity was observed in both primary and secondary DENV1 and DENV3 cases. According to the 1997 World Health Organization (WHO) severity classification, both DENV2 and DENV3 caused a higher proportion of severe disease compared to other serotypes, whereas DENV3 caused the greatest percentage of severity according to the WHO-2009 classification. DENV2 was associated with increased odds of pleural effusion and low platelet count, while DENV3 was associated with both hypotensive and compensated shock.

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate differences in dengue severity by serotype and immune status and emphasize the critical need for a dengue vaccine with balanced effectiveness against all four serotypes, particularly as existing vaccines show variable efficacy by serotype and serostatus.
Perceptual link between inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) stressors and common mental symptoms in Ethiopian health workers: A qualitative study
Authors: Habtu Yitagesu , Kumie Abera , Selamu Medhine , Harada Hidenori , Kaneko Morie , Kaba Mirgissa , Girma Eshetu 
Published: January 2025

Background
Despite the rising prevalence of common mental symptoms, information is scarce on how health workers make sense of symptoms of mental disorders and perceive a link with inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) as work stressors to understand causation and produce useful knowledge for policy and professionals. Therefore, this study aimed to explore how health workers perceive the link between inadequate WASH and common mental symptoms (CMSs) at hospitals in central and southern Ethiopian regions.

Methods
We used an interpretive and descriptive phenomenological design guided by theoretical frameworks. Three focus group discussions (FGDs) and 10 in-depth interviews with health workers were conducted. We explored the perceived link with inadequate WASH after assessing health workers’ conceptualization of common mental health symptoms. The interviews and FGDs were audio recorded, transcribed, and translated into English. Coding and categorizing were supported by MaxQDA software 2020. Thematic analysis was performed and themes were supported by participants’ quotes when necessary.

Results
Four themes emerged from the data based on the guiding theoretical models relevant to the research questions. Most health workers believed and frequently suggested that inadequate water supply, functional hand hygiene, environmental cleaning, and waste management services at the points of care increased the risk of occupational stress, job anxiety, and occupational depression symptoms. Many participants believed that inadequate WASH would cause them to experience negative professional quality of life including burnout, compassion dissatisfaction, and compassion fatigue at work despite believing that WASH problems cannot be solved at the individual level. Participants recurrently listed many individual, organizational, and system-level barriers to reducing and coping with inadequate WASH as stressors.

Conclusions
Healthcare workers perceived inadequate WASH components as contributing to symptoms of common mental disorders and negatively impacting their professional quality of life. They faced multiple barriers at individual, organizational, and health system levels, which hindered their ability to manage work-related stress and seek mental health support. The findings suggest the implementation of integrated WASH and mental health services for healthcare workers, ranging from establishing individual-level interventions to increasing access to WASH around care areas through collaborative efforts with healthcare administration, broader health systems, water supplies, and sewerage services.
Ultrasound pupillometry for the detection of a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD): Systematic evaluation in patients with optic neuritis and comparison with infrared video pupillometry
Authors: Siebald Franziska , Grittner Ulrike , Otto Carolin , Bereuter Charlotte , Zimmermann Hanna G. , Harms Lutz , Klonner Jan , Schreiber Stephan J. , Paul Friedemann , Ruprecht Klemens , Schmidt Felix A. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
A relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) is a characteristic clinical sign of optic neuritis (ON). Here, we systematically evaluated ultrasound pupillometry (UP) for the detection of an RAPD in patients with ON, including a comparison with infrared video pupillometry (IVP), the gold standard for objective pupillometry.

Materials and methods
We enrolled 40 patients with acute (n = 9) or past (n = 31) ON (ON+), 31 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) without prior ON, and 50 healthy controls (HC) in a cross-sectional observational study. Examinations comprised the swinging flashlight test, B-mode UP, IVP, autorefraction to assess the best-corrected visual acuity, optical coherence tomography to determine peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and the 51-item National Eye Institute-Visual Function Questionnaire to determine the vision-related quality of life.

Results
While UP and IVP measurements of pupil diameter (PD) at rest correlated in ON+ eyes (n = 52, r = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.35; 0.72) and in HC eyes (n = 100, r = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.47; 0.72), PD at rest was smaller in UP than in IVP measurements (difference, mean (SD) ON+ eyes: 0.44 (0.87) mm, HC eyes: 0.69 (0.80) mm). RAPD assessment by UP sharply discriminated acute ON eyes (n = 9) and HC eyes (n = 100, AUC = 1, 95%CI: 1; 1). UP detected an RAPD in 5/31 (16%) patients with MS without prior ON who had not exhibited an RAPD during the swinging flashlight test. In ON+ eyes (n = 52), UP showed stronger correlations with visual acuity (r = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.50; 0.78) and vision-related quality of life (r = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.24; 0.66) than IVP (r = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.36; 0.67 and r = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.03; 0.51).

Conclusions
B-mode UP allows for objective detection and quantification of an RAPD with performance characteristics similar to IVP. RAPD assessment by UP may detect subclinical optic nerve damage in patients with MS. We propose a standardized protocol for RAPD detection by UP that can be used in routine clinical evaluation of patients with ON or other optic neuropathies.
Cerebral blood flow and histological analysis for the accurate differentiation of infiltrating tumor and vasogenic edema in glioblastoma
Authors: Kuroda Hideki , Okita Yoshiko , Arisawa Atsuko , Utsugi Reina , Murakami Koki , Hirayama Ryuichi , Kijima Noriyuki , Arita Hideyuki , Kinoshita Manabu , Fujimoto Yasunori , Nakamura Hajime , Kagawa Naoki , Tomiyama Noriyuki , Kishima Haruhiko 
Published: January 2025

Background
Glioblastoma is characterized by neovascularization and diffuse infiltration into the adjacent tissue. T2*-based dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MR perfusion images provide useful measurements of the biomarkers associated with tumor perfusion. This study aimed to distinguish infiltrating tumors from vasogenic edema in glioblastomas using DSC-MR perfusion images.

Methods
Data were retrospectively collected from 48 patients with primary IDH-wild-type glioblastoma and 24 patients with meningiomas (Edemas-M). First, we attempted histological verification of cell density, Ki-67 index, and microvessel areas to distinguish between non-contrast-enhancing tumors (NETs) and edema (Edemas) which were obtained from stereotactically fused T2-weighted and perfusion images. This was performed for evaluating enhancing tumors (ETs), NETs, and Edemas. Second, we also performed radiological verification to distinguish NETs from Edemas. Two neurosurgeons manually assigned the regions of interests (ROIs) to ETs, NETs, and Edemas. The DSC-MR perfusion imaging-derived parameters calculated for each ROI included the cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and mean transit time (MTT).

Results
Cell density and microvessel area were significantly higher in NETs than those in Edemas (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). Regarding radiological analysis, the mean CBF ratio for Edemas was significantly lower than that for NETs (p<0.01). The mean MTT ratio for Edemas was significantly higher than that for NETs. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that CBF (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.890) could effectively distinguish between NETs and Edemas. The ROC analysis also showed that MTT (AUC = 0.946) could effectively distinguish between NETs and Edemas.

Conclusions
DSC-MR perfusion images may prove useful in differentiating NETs from Edemas in non-contrast T2 hyperintensity regions of glioblastoma.
Effectiveness of oral health promotion in children and adolescents through behaviour change interventions: A scoping review
Authors: Peerbhay Fathima , Mash Robert , Khan Saadika 
Published: January 2025

Objective
To explore the interventions for change in oral health behaviour that are effective in improving oral health behaviours in 8 to 18-year-old children during oral health promotion.

Methods
The Joanna Briggs Institute framework of evidence synthesis for conducting a scoping review was implemented for the methodology. Included studies related to the objective, measured clinical or non-clinical outcomes, were in English, 2011–2023, and were experimental, observational or reviews. PUBMED, Science-Direct, Scopus and Sabinet were systematically searched with predetermined search strings. Studies were selected by appraisal of the title, abstract and full text. Data were extracted using a standardised template and the key questions were addressed via a qualitative analysis.

Results
Searches yielded 407 articles from electronic databases. Of these, 290 articles were excluded, and 47 full-text studies were assessed for eligibility, with 23 studies and two systematic reviews finalised for inclusion. In addition, a PEARL search was conducted from the reference lists of other studies. Most studies (91.3%) focused on educating children directly; 8.7% indirectly influenced parents, guardians, and teachers. Interventions focused largely on traditional oral health education presented in diverse forms and via different platforms. Studies differentiated clinical outcomes (indices) from non-clinical outcomes (knowledge, behaviour). All included RCTs were of different quality regarding selection, performance and detection bias. But all studies indicated a low risk of bias in attrition and Reporting bias. Seventeen of the 25 studies (68%) were not based on any behaviour change theory.

Conclusions
Oral health interventions based on motivational interviewing and the social cognitive theory have been shown to be to be effective. Interventions could also include practical tooth brushing activities, gamification, audio-visual components, as well as reinforcement and repetition in the longer term. Future oral health promotion in children should be designed to include these elements. There is a need for higher quality studies in this field, with future research being urged to provide detailed intervention descriptions and incorporate longer follow-up periods.