bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging of obesity and weight loss interventions
Authors: Li Guanya , Hu Yang , Zhang Wenchao , Wang Jia , Ji Weibin , Manza Peter , Volkow Nora D. , Zhang Yi , Wang Gene-Jack 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObesity has tripled over the past 40 years to become a major public health issue, as it is linked with increased mortality and elevated risk for various physical and neuropsychiatric illnesses. Accumulating evidence from neuroimaging studies suggests that obesity negatively affects brain function and structure, especially within fronto-mesolimbic circuitry. Obese individuals show abnormal neural responses to food cues, taste and smell, resting-state activity and functional connectivity, and cognitive tasks including decision-making, inhibitory-control, learning/memory, and attention. In addition, obesity is associated with altered cortical morphometry, a lowered gray/white matter volume, and impaired white matter integrity. Various interventions and treatments including bariatric surgery, the most effective treatment for obesity in clinical practice, as well as dietary, exercise, pharmacological, and neuromodulation interventions such as transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation and neurofeedback have been employed and achieved promising outcomes. These interventions and treatments appear to normalize hyper- and hypoactivations of brain regions involved with reward processing, food-intake control, and cognitive function, and also promote recovery of brain structural abnormalities. This paper provides a comprehensive literature review of the recent neuroimaging advances on the underlying neural mechanisms of both obesity and interventions, in the hope of guiding development of novel and effective treatments.
Mosquito swarm counting via attention-based multi-scale convolutional neural network
Authors: Chen Huahua , Ren Junhao , Sun Wensheng , Hou Juan , Miao Ziping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMonitoring mosquito density to predict the risk of transmission of the virus and develop a response in advance is an important part of prevention efforts. This paper aims to estimate accurately the mosquito swarm count from a given image. To this end, we proposed an attention-based multi-scale mosquito swarm counting model that consists of the feature extraction network (FEN) and attention based multi-scale regression network (AMRN). The FEN uses VGG-16 network to extract low-level features of mosquitoes. The AMRN adopts a multi-scale convolutional neural network, and with a squeeze and excitation channel attention module in the branch with a 7 × 7 convolution kernel to extract high-level features, map the feature map to the mosquito swarm density map and estimate mosquitoes count. We collected and labelled a data set that includes 391 mosquito swarm images with 15,466 mosquitoes. Experiments show that our method performs well on the data set and achieves mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.810 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.467.
The curcumin analogue PAC has potent anti-anaplastic thyroid cancer effects
Authors: Al-Mohanna Mai , Alraouji Noura N. , Alhabardi Samiah A. , Al-Mohanna Falah , Al-Otaibi Basem , Al-Jammaz Ibrahim , Aboussekhra Abdelilah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAnaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the rarest type of thyroid cancer, but is the common cause of death from these tumors. The aggressive behavior of ATC makes it resistant to the conventional therapeutic approaches. Thus, the present study was designed to evaluate the anti-ATC efficacy of the piperidone analogue of curcumin (PAC). We have shown that PAC induces apoptosis in thyroid cancer cells in a time-dependent fashion through the mitochondrial pathway. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that PAC suppressed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in ATC cells by upregulating the epithelial marker E-cadherin and reducing the level of the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin, Snail, and Twist1. This anti-EMT effect was confirmed by showing PAC-dependent inhibition of the proliferation and migration abilities of ATC cells. Furthermore, PAC inhibited the AKT/mTOR pathway in ATC cells. Indeed, PAC downregulated mTOR and its downstream effectors p70S6K and 4E-BP1 more efficiently than the well-known mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. In addition to the promising in vitro anticancer efficacy, PAC significantly suppressed the growth of humanized thyroid tumor xenografts in mice. Together, these findings indicate that PAC could be considered as promising therapeutic agent for anaplastic thyroid carcinomas.
Adaptive control for downhole nuclear magnetic resonance excitation
Authors: Shi Guanghui , Xiao Lizhi , Luo Sihui , Liao Guangzhi , Zhang Yan , Zhang Xiang , Zhong Jian , Zhu Wanli , Hou Xueli 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements are performed with the pulse sequence and acquisition parameters set by the operator, which cannot be adjusted in real time according to sample characteristics. In one acquisition cycle, usually thousands of high-power pulses are transmitted and thousands of echo points are acquired. The power consumption cause the RF amplifier to overheat, and large amounts of acquired data may be invalid. Therefore, the optimization of excitation and acquisition processes is necessary to improve measurement efficiency. We explore a scheme for the real-time measurement of the samples by adaptively regulating the pulse sequence, which adapts the variable TE pulse sequence as the reconnaissance mode. The appropriate pulse sequence and reasonable parameters (NE, TE) can be selected according to the relaxation characteristics of the samples.This adaptive control strategy has great significance in guiding both dynamic and static measurements, and it is especially suitable for occasions where low magnetic field gradients and diffusion terms can be ignored. We also design a test circuit for adaptive control, which has the function of automatic parameter adjustment. By adjusting parameters such as the number of refocusing pulses, echo spacing, etc., the effective measurement of the samples can be achieved in practice.
National and sub-national burden and trend of type 1 diabetes in 31 provinces of Iran, 1990–2019
Authors: Bandarian Fatemeh , Sharifnejad Tehrani Yeganeh , Peimani Maryam , Namazi Nazli , Saeedi Moghaddam Sahar , Esmaeili Shahnaz , Rashidi Mohammad-Mahdi , Nasli Esfahani Ensieh , Masinaei Masoud , Rezaei Negar , Rezaei Nazila , Farzadfar Farshad , Larijani Bagher 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe aim of the study was to report the burden of type one diabetes mellitus (T1DM) by sex, age, year, and province in Iran over the past 30 years, according to data provided by the global burden of disease (GBD) study. Incidence, prevalence, death, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), years of life lost, and years lived with disability due to T1DM by age groups and sex was reported for 31 provinces of Iran from 1990 to 2019 with their 95% uncertainty intervals (UI). In 2019, national age-standardized incidence (11.0 (95% UI: 8.9–13.5)), prevalence (388.9 (306.1–482.1)), death (0.7 (0.6–0.8)), and DALYs (51.7 (40.9–65.1)) rates per 100,000 wre higher than 1990 except for death. Also, the mortality to incidence ratio reduced in all provinces over time particularly after 2014 as well. GBD data analysis showed that age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates of T1DM have increased, the death rate reduced, and DALYs remained unchanged during the past 30 years in Iran and its 31 provinces. death rate reduced and DALYs remained unchanged during the past 30 years in Iran and its 31 provinces.
A novel ex-vivo isolated rabbit heart preparation to explore the cardiac effects of cervical and cardiac vagus nerve stimulation
Authors: Kronsteiner Bettina , Haberbusch Max , Aigner Philipp , Kramer Anne-Margarethe , Pilz Patrick M. , Podesser Bruno K. , Kiss Attila , Moscato Francesco 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe cardiac responses to vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) are still not fully understood, partly due to uncontrollable confounders in the in-vivo experimental condition. Therefore, an ex-vivo Langendorff-perfused rabbit heart with intact vagal innervation is proposed to study VNS in absence of cofounding anesthetic or autonomic influences. The feasibility to evoke chronotropic responses through electrical stimulation ex-vivo was studied in innervated isolated rabbit hearts (n = 6). The general nerve excitability was assessed through the ability to evoke a heart rate (HR) reduction of at least 5 bpm (physiological threshold). The excitability was quantified as the charge needed for a 10-bpm HR reduction. The results were compared to a series of in-vivo experiments rabbits (n = 5). In the ex-vivo isolated heart, the baseline HR was about 20 bpm lower than in-vivo (158 ± 11 bpm vs 181 ± 19 bpm). Overall, the nerve remained excitable for about 5 h ex-vivo. The charges required to reduce HR by 5 bpm were 9 ± 6 µC and 549 ± 370 µC, ex-vivo and in-vivo, respectively. The charges needed for a 10-bpm HR reduction, normalized to the physiological threshold were 1.78 ± 0.8 and 1.22 ± 0.1, in-vivo and ex-vivo, respectively. Overall, the viability of this ex-vivo model to study the acute cardiac effects of VNS was demonstrated.
Effects of plyometric vs. strength training on strength, sprint, and functional performance in soccer players: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hasan Shahnaz 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPlyometric training (PT) has been shown to have numerous benefits and few harmful effects. This study aimed to compare the effects of PT vs. strength training on muscle strength, sprint, and lower limb functional performance in soccer players. Ninety participants (mean age 22.5 years) were equally and randomly divided into three groups: a plyometric training group (PTG; n = 30), a strength training group (STG; n = 30), and a control group (CG; n = 30). In PTG: bounding, hurdling, and drop jumping exercises were performed. In STG: isometric exercises of knee extension (at 60º knee flexion), quadriceps (in supine), hip adductors (in crook lying), and straight leg raise were performed. In CG: no specific training was given. All interventions were performed for eight weeks. Isometric strength (IS), sprint (ST), and single-leg triple hop (SLTH) tests were outcome measures. The wilcoxon signed ranks test was used for with-in-group analysis, and Kruskal Wallis and Mann–Whitney u tests were used for between-group analyses. In PTG: in comparison to a baseline measurement, IS increased by 8.83% (p < 0.05), ST decreased by 20.14% (p < 0.05), and SLTH increased by 7.78% (p < 0.05). In STG: IS increased by 15.76% (p < 0.05), ST decreased by 30.26% (p < 0.05), and SLTH increased by 12.41% (p < 0.05). In CG: IS increased by 5.72% (p < 0.05), ST decreased by 15.54% (p < 0.05), and SLTH increased by 4.41% (p < 0.05). The greatest improvements were observed in STG, followed by PTG and CG. Strength training was found to be more effective than PT in improving muscle strength, sprint, and lower limb functional performance in male soccer players.
Novel coil design and analysis for high-power wireless power transfer with enhanced Q-factor
Authors: Awuah Charles Marfo , Danuor Patrick , Moon Jung-Ick , Jung Young-Bae 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe power transfer efficiency (PTE) is a crucial aspect for effective wireless power transfer (WPT) applications. The quality factor (Q) of the WPT coil plays a critical role in ensuring higher PTE. In this paper, a novel method of improving the Q of a WPT coil is proposed. Resistance reduction techniques are presented which involves variation of the trace pitch, width, and thickness. This approach targets the high AC losses centered in the inner turns, which subsequently results in an increased Q. Numerical analysis with respect to the inductance and resistance models are presented, analyzed, and compared to that of the EM simulation results. To verify the efficacy of the proposed coil structure, a prototype is fabricated where good agreement is achieved between the measured and simulated results. The proposed coil attained a quality factor increment of about 19.24% at 85 kHz in comparison to the conventional one. The proposed technique can be used to optimize planar spiral coils to attain higher Q.
Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of antibiotics and heavy metals in the Yitong River basin and ecological risk assessment
Authors: Zhao Ke , Wang Qian , Qian Shifeng , Li Fengxiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDue to rapid socioeconomic development, antibiotic pollution and heavy metal pollution are receiving increasing amounts of attention. Both antibiotics and heavy metals in the environment are persistent and toxic, and the interactions between the pollutants create potential long-term hazards for the ecological environment and human health as mixed pollutants. In this study, the surface water of the Yitong River in Changchun was used as the research object, and the hazards associated with antibiotics and heavy metals in the surface water were assessed by analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of antibiotics and heavy metals and by using ecological risk assessment and human health risk assessment models. The results showed that ofloxacin (OFL) and norfloxacin (NOR) varied seasonally according to the seasonal climate, with total concentrations ranging from 17.65 to 902.47 ng/L and ND to 260.49 ng/L for OFL and NOR, respectively, and from 8.30 to 120.40 μg/L, 1.52 to 113.41 μg/L and 0.03 to 0.04 μg/L for copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd), respectively. In terms of spatial distribution, the concentration of antibiotics in the urban sections, which had intensive human activities, was higher than that in the suburban sections, while the concentration of heavy metals in the suburban sections, which had intensive agricultural operations, was greater than that in the urban section. Ecological risk evaluation showed that NOR and OFL were present in the water bodies at a high-risk level, Cd was at a low pollution level, and the heavy metal Cd was the primary pollutant associated with health risks toward for adults and children, and it was mainly at a medium risk level. Additionally, both antibiotics and heavy metals posed higher health risks for children than for adults.
Rapid detection and quantification of paracetamol and its major metabolites using surface enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: AlMasoud Najla , Alomar Taghrid S. , Xu Yun , Lima Cassio , Goodacre Royston 
Published: March 2023

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is an over the counter drug that is often used in suicide attempts. We have developed a SERS based assay that allows for the quantification of paracetamol and its three major metabolites.
Locally regulating Li+ distribution on an electrode surface with Li–Sn alloying nanoparticles for stable lithium metal anodes
Authors: Man Jianzong , Liu Wenlong , Sun Xiaodong , Sun Juncai 
Published: March 2023

The in situ generated Li22Sn5 nanoparticles exposed in the holes after Li stripping can guide the stripped Li to deposit back onto the previous stripping sites by regulating the local current density of the electrode surface.
Paternal early life stress exerts intergenerational effects on male C57Bl/6J offspring risk-taking behaviors and predator scent-induced c-Fos expression
Authors: Thivisol Ulysse M.C.C. , Ho Phoebe , Li Baijia , Trompke Mari , Hoffmann Lucas B. , Hannan Anthony J. , Pang Terence Y. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Paternal preconceptional health factors, such as exposures to stress, diet and exercise, have been found to significantly influence offspring phenotypes in a range of animal models. Preclinical studies have provided evidence that paternal stress is associated with increased stress responsivity and anxiety-related traits, particularly in male offspring. It was previously reported that a paternal history of maternal separation (MS) led to male offspring (PatMS) displaying reduced cautious behavior during exploration of a novel environment. The neural basis for that absence of behavioral moderation is unclear. Here, we investigated the adaptive behavioral responses of control and PatMS male offspring in the predator odor risk-assessment task (PORT). PatMS mice failed to moderate their behaviors in the presence of a predator odor 2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT). c-Fos mapping revealed reduced cellular activation in fear-regulating brain regions of PatMS mice, such as in the cingulate cortex, dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the basolateral amygdala. Expression of the paternally imprinted gene Grb10 (previously identified as a key molecular regulator of risk-taking behavior) was unaltered in PatMS mice. However, other paternal imprinted genes such as Igf2 and PEG3 were differentially expressed in PatMS mice. Overall, our study provides the first evidence of an intergenerational influence of preconceptional paternal stress exposure on offspring brain zunction relevant to risk-taking behavior, which is also independent of Grb10 gene expression.
Speech Therapy Interventions for Acquired Apraxia of Speech: An Updated Systematic Review
Authors: Munasinghe Thushani Umesha , Ariyasena Akila Dinethra K. , Siriwardhana Dhammika Deepani 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
This systematic review aims to summarize and evaluate the available literature on speech and language therapy interventions for acquired apraxia of speech since 2012.

Method:
A systematic search in six electronic databases was performed from 2013 to 2020. The following primary outcomes were summarized: (a) improvement in targeted behaviors, (b) generalization, and (c) maintenance of outcomes. Moreover, studies were evaluated for the level of evidence and the clinical phase.

Results:

Of the 3,070 records identified, 27 studies were included in this review. The majority of the studies (
n
= 22) used articulatory kinematic approaches followed by intersystemic facilitation/reorganization treatments (
n
= 4) and other approaches (
n
= 1). According to the classes defined in
Clinical Practice Guideline Process Manual
(Gronseth et al., 2017), one was Class II, 10 were Class III, 10 were Class III-b (fulfill Class III criteria except for independence of assessors' criterion), and five were Class IV. In terms of clinical phase, one study classified as Phase III, 10 as Phase II, and 15 as Phase I.

Conclusions:
Among the interventions for apraxia of speech, articulatory kinematic treatments have become prominent over the last 8 years. Focusing on self-administrated therapies, use of technology for therapy administration and development of treatments that focus on apraxia of speech and aphasia simultaneously were identified as new advancements in the apraxia of speech literature. The methodological quality, clinical phase, and level of evidence of the studies have improved within the past 8 years. Large-scale randomized controlled trials for articulatory kinematic approaches and future studies on other treatment approaches are warranted.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22223785
Addressing Attitudes About Stuttering in Preservice Teachers
Authors: Williams Anne Zappi , Tetnowski John , St. Louis Kenneth O. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
This study explored the impact of in-person oral presentations on stuttering as a means of improving attitudes toward stuttering among preservice teachers. The educational intervention was tested under three conditions, which varied according to who presented the information. The research question sought to determine if differences in group change scores on the Public Opinion Survey Human Attributes–Stuttering (POSHA-S) occurred after training.

Method:
University classes containing 48 preservice teachers were randomly assigned to either one of two experimental groups or to a control group. The two experimental groups received a presentation on stuttering given by a speech-language pathologist (SLP), with or without a child who stutters. The control group received no training. The change in the Overall Stuttering Score of the POSHA-S was compared between the groups.

Conclusions:
The results indicated that the SLP-only group had a statistically significant improvement on the POSHA-S compared with the control group. Education significantly improved the attitudes of both experimental groups. This research supports the potential benefit of training future educators on stuttering using in-person oral presentations. Clinical and research implications of this study are discussed.
Vision‐audio fusion SLAM in dynamic environments
Authors: Zhang Tianwei , Zhang Huayan , Li Xiaofei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMoving humans, agents, and subjects bring many challenges to robot self‐localisation and environment perception. To adapt to dynamic environments, SLAM researchers typically apply several deep learning image segmentation models to eliminate these moving obstacles. However, these moving obstacle segmentation methods cost too much computation resource for the onboard processing of mobile robots. In the current industrial environment, mobile robot collaboration scenario, the noise of mobile robots could be easily found by on‐board audio‐sensing processors and the direction of sound sources can be effectively acquired by sound source estimation algorithms, but the distance estimation of sound sources is difficult. However, in the field of visual perception, the 3D structure information of the scene is relatively easy to obtain, but the recognition and segmentation of moving objects is more difficult. To address these problems, a novel vision‐audio fusion method that combines sound source localisation methods with a visual SLAM scheme is proposed, thereby eliminating the effect of dynamic obstacles on multi‐agent systems. Several heterogeneous robots experiments in different dynamic scenes indicate very stable self‐localisation and environment reconstruction performance of our method.
Study on the measurement method of polyimide electrical properties for flexible solar wing
Authors: Wang Qian , Ma Shuyue , Qin Sichen , Zhang Jiawei , Liu Rui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFlexible solar wings with high energy density, lightweight, small size and large deployment area are one of the first choices for next‐generation spacecraft. However, the flexible solar wings are subjected to irradiation in space and tensile mechanical stress, which produce the charge accumulation effect and result in electrostatic discharge. It is necessary to establish a test method for the conductivity and space charge behaviour of polyimide under tensile stress. The stress–strain characteristics of polyimide under different tensile stresses are studied by the authors. The longitudinal length‐strain characteristics and transverse thickness evolution characteristics under different stresses are also obtained. The results show that the variation of film thickness with tensile force is only about 1% before the yield point. The polyimide films from 50 to 200 μm thick have similar yield and tensile strengths. The ultimate stress of the specimen decreases from approximately 126 to 103 MPa with increasing thickness. The thickness model of polyimide under tensile stress were obtained, which could accurately calculate the voltage amplitude applied on the specimens for measuring the conductivity under different tensile stresses. A basis for investigating the stress–strain characteristics of polyimide films under different tensile stresses are provided, which will facilitate the formulation selection and performance improvement of polyimide for flexible solar wings of spacecraft.