bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disturbance supression improved discrete sliding mode fast current tracking control of experimental advanced superconducting tokamak fast control power supply
Authors: Chen Zhao , Huang Haihong , Wang Haixin 
Published: September 2023

SummaryThe output current of the fast control power supply for the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) excites the load coil. Magnetic field can be quickly generated by the fast output current to control the balance of plasma vertical displacement. In order to improve the output current speed of EAST fast control power supply and its ability to resist external disturbance, an improved discrete integral sliding mode control method combining gray prediction and variable gain sliding mode observer is proposed. A sliding mode disturbance observer is used to observe the total disturbance on the load side, and feedforward compensation control is performed on the total disturbance. To further suppress chattering and accelerate convergence speed, a high‐order term is added to the traditional discrete exponential reach law, and a gain adaptive observer is designed to adaptively adjust the observer gain based on the observed current error and the tracking current error. In the current sampling process, an improved gray prediction structure is added, and the original current sequence of gray prediction is improved based on the principle of new information priority, improving the accuracy of predicted current, compensating for the inherent delay in digital control, and further improving the output current response speed. Simulation and experimental verification show that the proposed disturbance suppression improved discrete integral sliding mode fast current tracking control strategy has faster output current response speed and strong antidisturbance performance.
Plasmonic effects in the neutralization of slow ions at a metallic surface
Authors: Bercx Marnik , Mayda Selma , Depla Diederik , Partoens Bart , Lamoen Dirk 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSecondary electron emission is an important process that plays a significant role in several plasma‐related applications. As measuring the secondary electron yield experimentally is very challenging, quantitative modelling of this process to obtain reliable yield data is critical as input for higher‐scale simulations. Here, we build upon our previous work combining density functional theory calculations with a model originally developed by Hagstrum to extend its application to metallic surfaces. As plasmonic effects play a much more important role in the secondary electron emission mechanism for metals, we introduce an approach based on Poisson point processes to include both surface and bulk plasmon excitations to the process. The resulting model is able to reproduce the yield spectra of several available experimental results quite well but requires the introduction of global fitting parameters, which describe the strength of the plasmon interactions. Finally, we use an in‐house developed workflow to calculate the electron yield for a list of elemental surfaces spanning the periodic table to produce an extensive data set for the community and compare our results with more simplified approaches from the literature.
FBAR: An effective method for resolving large‐scale IPv6 aliases
Authors: Liu Mengfan , Guo Yi , Zhang Hongtao , Zhang Liancheng , Mao Baolei , Fang Mingzhu , Zhang Quan 
Published: September 2023

SummaryWith the promotion and application of IPv6 in the world, there is a growing demand for IPv6 alias resolution. How to resolve IPv6 alias efficiently and accurately becomes an urgent problem to be solved. After analyzing the features of IPv6 addresses, this paper proposes a large‐scale adaptive IPv6 alias resolution method based on fingerprint information by combining Too‐Big Trick, UAv6, APD, and other alias resolution algorithms. It sends ICMPv6 probe packets to different types of IPv6 addresses to get the fingerprint information of target hosts. After filtering the classified addresses, our proposed alias resolution method is adaptively selected to resolve alias addresses. In the experiment, we use multi‐thread method to resolve the aliases of large‐scale IPv6 addresses, which greatly improves the efficiency of detection. Meanwhile, we use IPv6 datasets collected from the organizations RIPE and CAIDA. By comparing with Speedtrap and Too‐Big Trick, we confirm the accuracy of this method and obtain more alias pairs.
Prenatal serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant exposure, SLC6A4 genetic variations, and cortisol activity in 6‐year‐old children of depressed mothers: A cohort study
Authors: Zusman Enav Z. , Chau Cecil M. Y. , Bone Jeffrey N. , Hookenson Kaia , Brain Ursula , Glier Melissa B. , Grunau Ruth E. , Weinberg Joanne , Devlin Angela M. , Oberlander Tim F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPrenatal exposure to maternal depression and serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) antidepressants both affect the development of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) system, possibly via the neurotransmitter serotonin (5HT). In a community cohort, we investigated the impact of two factors that shape prenatal 5HT signaling (prenatal SRI [pSRI] exposure and child SLC6A4 genotype) on HPA activity at age 6 years. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to study associations between cortisol reactivity, pSRI exposure, and child SLC6A4 genotype, controlling for maternal depression, child age, and sex (48 pSRI exposed, 74 nonexposed). Salivary cortisol levels were obtained at five time points during a laboratory stress challenge: arrival at the laboratory, following two sequential developmental assessments, and then 20 and 40 min following the onset of a stress‐inducing cognitive/social task. Cortisol decreased from arrival across both developmental assessments, and then increased across both time points following the stress challenge in both groups. pSRI‐exposed children had lower cortisol levels across all time points. In a separate GEE model, we observed a lower cortisol stress response among children with LG/S alleles compared with children with La/La alleles, and this was particularly evident among children of mothers reporting greater third trimester depressed mood. Our findings suggest that pSRI exposure and a genetic factor associated with modulating 5HT signaling shaped HPA reactivity to a laboratory stress challenge at school age.
5‐HT1A regulates axon outgrowth in a subpopulation of Drosophila serotonergic neurons
Authors: Long Delaney R. , Kinser Ava , Olalde‐Welling Abby , Brewer Luke , Lim Juri , Matheny Dayle , Long Breanna , Roossien Douglas H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSerotonergic neurons produce extensively branched axons that fill most of the central nervous system, where they modulate a wide variety of behaviors. Many behavioral disorders have been correlated with defective serotonergic axon morphologies. Proper behavioral output therefore depends on the precise outgrowth and targeting of serotonergic axons during development. To direct outgrowth, serotonergic neurons utilize serotonin as a signaling molecule prior to it assuming its neurotransmitter role. This process, termed serotonin autoregulation, regulates axon outgrowth, branching, and varicosity development of serotonergic neurons. However, the receptor that mediates serotonin autoregulation is unknown. Here we asked if serotonin receptor 5‐HT1A plays a role in serotonergic axon outgrowth and branching. Using cultured Drosophila serotonergic neurons, we found that exogenous serotonin reduced axon length and branching only in those expressing 5‐HT1A. Pharmacological activation of 5‐HT1A led to reduced axon length and branching, whereas the disruption of 5‐HT1A rescued outgrowth in the presence of exogenous serotonin. Altogether this suggests that 5‐HT1A is a serotonin autoreceptor in a subpopulation of serotonergic neurons and initiates signaling pathways that regulate axon outgrowth and branching during Drosophila development.
Rapid detection of 10 benzodiazepines and metabolites in blood and urine using DART‐MS/MS
Authors: Liu Fubang , Zhang Ying , Wang Jifen , Ji Jiahua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBenzodiazepines are essential screening targets for common sleeping and sedative drugs used in forensic toxicology. Direct analysis in real‐time tandem mass spectrometry was used to rapidly identify 10 benzodiazepines and related metabolites in the blood and urine. The related direct analysis in real‐time tandem mass spectrometry parameters were optimized. A liquid–liquid extraction method using ethyl acetate as the extraction solvent was used for sample preparation. The established method was validated and tested on case specimens. The limits of detection of this method ranged from 0.2 to 20 ng/mL and the limits of quantification from 1 to 50 ng/mL. The recoveries ranged from 78.8% to 114%, and the matrix effects were in the range of −21.2% to 17.9%. The precision and repeatability at high and medium concentrations did not exceed 14.6%, and the limit of quantification did not exceed 18.2%, indicating a desirable linear relationship. The established method was used to determine blood and urine specimens from authentic cases, and promising results were obtained.
Elevated lipid class concentrations in females with anorexia nervosa before and after intensive weight restoration treatment—A lipidomics study
Authors: Hussain Alia Arif , Bilgin Mesut , Carlsson Jessica , Foged Mads Møller , Mortensen Erik Lykke , Bulik Cynthia M. , Støving René Klinkby , Sjögren Jan Magnus 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo study the plasma lipidome of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) before and after weight restoration treatment and report associations with AN subtypes and oral contraceptive pill (OCP) usage.MethodsQuantitative shotgun lipidomics analysis was used to study plasma lipids of 50 female patients with AN before and after weight restoration treatment and 50 healthy female controls (HC). The AN group was assessed with blood samples and questionnaires before and after weight restoration.ResultsIn total we quantified 260 lipid species representing 26 lipid classes of which 13 lipid class concentrations were elevated in patients with AN at admission compared with HC. Lipid classes remained elevated after weight restoration treatment of 84 days (median; interquartile range 28), and only the concentration of the ceramide lipid class increased between pre‐ and post‐treatment (p = .03), whereas lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC, p = .02), ether‐linked Phosphatidylcholine (LPCO, p = .02), and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE, p = .009) decreased.ConclusionIn AN, 13 out of 26 lipid class concentrations were elevated at admission and remained elevated post‐treatment. Ceramides increased further between pre‐ and post‐weight restoration treatment, which could be related to the rapid weight gain during re‐nutrition. Further research is needed to elucidate the effects of weight restoration treatment on short‐ and long‐term lipid profiles in individuals with AN.Public Significance StatementLipidomics research can increase the understanding of AN, a complex and potentially life‐threatening eating disorder. By analyzing lipids, or fats, in the body, we can identify biological markers that may inform diagnosis and develop more effective treatments. This research can also shed light on the underlying mechanisms of the disorder, leading to a better understanding of the processes involved in eating behavior.
Which people with diabetes are treated with a disposable, half‐unit insulin pen? A real‐world, retrospective, database study in Spain
Authors: Ampudia‐Blasco F. Javier , Duque Natalia , Artime Esther , Caveda Elena , Spaepen Erik , Díaz‐Cerezo Silvia , de Santos Miriam Rubio‐ , Velasco Daniel Callejo , Bahíllo‐Curieses M. Pilar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionInsulin lispro 100 units/mL Jr KwikPen is the first prefilled, disposable, half‐unit insulin pen that delivers 0.5–30 units in increments of 0.5 units for the treatment of patients with diabetes. This study describes the profile of patients in Spain who initiated insulin therapy with Jr KwikPen in a real‐world setting.MethodsThis retrospective, observational study based on IQVIA's electronic medical records database included patients with Type 1 (T1D) or Type 2 (T2D) diabetes who initiated therapy with Jr KwikPen between May 2018 and December 2020. Sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics at treatment initiation were analysed descriptively.ResultsA total of 416 patients were included. The main characteristics of the T1D/T2D groups (N = 326/90), respectively were as follows: female sex, 61.7%/65.6%; mean age (standard deviation [SD]), 32.5 (20.7)/55.5 (16.6) years; body mass index, 20.9 (4.2)/25.2 (4.6) kg/m2 (N = 239/77); HbA1c, 7.8 (1.7)%/8.0 (1.5)% (N = 141/64); and presence of diabetes‐associated comorbidities, 27.9%/64.4%. Only 32.8% of patients with T1D were < 18 years old. Among Jr KwikPen users, 12.3% (T1D/T2D, 7.7%/28.9%) were ≥ 65 years old, 17.1% patients were newly diagnosed, and 3.8% were pregnant women. The mean (SD) total insulin dose pre‐index for T1D/T2D was 43.1 (23.6) and 40.7 (21.6) UI/day, respectively. The mean (SD) insulin dose at the start of Jr KwikPen use was 26.63 (16.56) and 22.58 (13.59) UI/day for T1D/T2D, respectively. Jr KwikPen was first prescribed mainly by endocrinologists (58.7%) or paediatricians (22.6%).ConclusionsThe profile of patients who initiated therapy with Jr KwikPen in routine practice was broad with many patients being adults. Most of these patients had T1D, inadequate glycemic control, and multiple associated comorbidities. These results suggest that Jr KwikPen is prescribed in patients who may benefit from finer insulin dose adjustments, namely children, adolescents, adults, older individuals, or pregnant women with T1D or T2D.
Bioprocess development for endospore production by Bacillus coagulans using an optimized chemically defined medium
Authors: Biermann Riekje , Rösner Laura , Beyer Lisa‐Marie , Niemeyer Laura , Beutel Sascha 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBacillus coagulans is a promising probiotic, because it combines probiotic properties of Lactobacillus and the ability of Bacillus to form endospores. Due to this hybrid relationship, cultivation of this organism is challenging. As the probiotics market continues to grow, there is a new focus on the production of these microorganisms. In this work, a strain‐specific bioprocess for B. coagulans was developed to support growth on one hand and ensure sporulation on the other hand. This circumstance is not trivial, since these two metabolic states are contrary. The developed bioprocess uses a modified chemically defined medium which was further investigated in a one‐factor‐at‐a‐time assay after adaptation. A transfer from the shake flask to the bioreactor was successfully demonstrated in the scope of this work. The investigated process parameters included temperature, agitation and pH‐control. Especially the pH‐control improved the sporulation in the bioreactor when compared to shake flasks. The bioprocess resulted in a sporulation efficiency of 80%–90%. This corresponds to a sevenfold increase in sporulation efficiency due to a transfer to the bioreactor with pH‐control. Additionally, a design of experiment (DoE) was conducted to test the robustness of the bioprocess. This experiment validated the beforementioned sporulation efficiency for the developed bioprocess. Afterwards the bioprocess was then scaled up from a 1 L scale to a 10 L bioreactor scale. A comparable sporulation efficiency of 80% as in the small scale was achieved. The developed bioprocess facilitates the upscaling and application to an industrial scale, and can thus help meet the increasing market for probiotics.
Sex and gonadectomy modify behavioral seizure susceptibility and mortality in a repeated low‐dose kainic acid systemic injection paradigm in mice
Authors: Lawande Niraj V. , Conklin Elisabeth A. , Christian‐Hinman Catherine A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveSex differences in epilepsy appear driven in part due to effects of gonadal steroids, with varying results in experimental models based on species, strain, and method of seizure induction. Furthermore, removing the main source of these steroids via gonadectomy may impact seizure characteristics differently in males and females. Repeated low‐dose kainic acid (RLDKA) systemic injection paradigms were recently shown to reliably induce status epilepticus (SE) and hippocampal histopathology in C57BL/6J mice. Here, we investigated whether seizure susceptibility in a RLDKA injection protocol exhibits a sex difference and whether gonadectomy differentially influences response to this seizure induction paradigm in males and females.MethodsAdult C57BL/6J mice were left gonad‐intact as controls or gonadectomized (females: ovariectomized, OVX; males: orchidectomized, ORX). At least 2 weeks later, KA was injected ip, every 30 minutes at 7.5 mg/kg or less until the animal reached SE, defined by at least 5 generalized seizures (GS, Racine stage 3 or higher). Parameters of susceptibility to GS induction, SE development, and mortality rates were quantified.ResultsNo differences in seizure susceptibility or mortality were observed between control males and control females. Gonadectomized mice exhibited increased susceptibility and reduced latency to both GS and SE in comparison to corresponding controls of the same sex, but the effects were stronger in males. In addition, ORX males, but not OVX females, exhibited strongly increased seizure‐induced mortality.SignificanceThe RLDKA protocol is notable for its efficacy in inducing SE and seizure‐induced histopathology in C57BL/6J mice, the background for many transgenic strains in current use in epilepsy research. The present results indicate that this protocol may be beneficial for investigating the effects of gonadal hormone replacement on seizure susceptibility, mortality, and seizure‐induced histopathology, and that gonadectomy unmasks sex differences in susceptibility to seizures and mortality not observed in gonad‐intact controls.
Numerical prediction of the solidification and melting of encapsulated nano‐enhanced phase change materials
Authors: Cofré‐Toledo Jonathan , Muñoz‐Cuevas Francisco , Jofré‐Severino Emilio , Segura‐Ponce Luis A. , Vasco Diego A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe thermal properties of Octadecane vary due to the addition of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles. The synthesis of two nano‐enhanced phase change material (NEPCM) required the implementation of the two‐step method, using Octadecane as the base phase change material and CuO nanoparticles at 2.5 and 5.0 wt%. The experimental characterization determined the specific heat capacity, and thermal conductivity of the NEPCMs solid phase, including phase change enthalpy and temperature. These experimental results were then utilized for computational simulation of the thermal charging (solidification) and discharging (melting) processes of NEPCMs within a spherical enclosure, employing the ANSYS/Fluent software. The incorporation of CuO nanoparticles led to an increase in thermal conductivity while causing a decrease in specific heat capacity, enthalpy, and phase change temperature of Octadecane. The computational results revealed a reduction in the melting period and an improvement in the solidification of both NEPCMs. In terms of melting, the convective heat transfer coefficient increased by approximately 27.4% and 3.2% for the NEPCM at 2.5 and 5.0 wt% CuO, respectively. During the solidification process, the overall heat transfer coefficient experienced a significant increase of 43.8% and 59.8% for the NEPCM at 2.5 and 5.0 wt%, respectively.
Bureaucratizing like a girl: Objectivity and the reinforcement of patriarchy at an Israeli government committee
Authors: Assor Yael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhat does it mean for women bureaucrats to work “objectively?” How does the attempt to work objectively affect the hierarchal structure and the preservation of women in lower positions, two interrelated key elements of patriarchal ideology? The bureaucratic staff of the Israeli Sal Committee offers a unique case study to examine this question. Aware of the life‐and‐death implications of committee decisions, this all‐women staff attempt to work “objectively,” which they interpret as compiling and presenting data that carries no marks of their positions. To fulfill this ideal, staffers inhibited themselves from speaking in committee discussions. Consequently, they were treated as “good bureaucrats” but also as “women bureaucrats” and their work remained mainly unacknowledged. Aspiring for non‐positional objectivity thus contributed to preserving their lower positioning and reaffirming their bureaucracy's hierarchal structure. But this disposition also forged an a‐hierarchal work style within the staff, presenting a feminist alternative to mainstream bureaucracy. This ethnography suggests that an ethics of objectivity may carry more diverse possibilities than is commonly hypothesized in feminist critiques of objectivity.
The effects of double gelatin containing chitosan nanoparticles–calcium alginate coatings on the stability of chicken breast meat
Authors: Safari Rashid , Yaghoubi Milad , Marcinkowska‐Lesiak Monika , Paya Hamid , Sun Xiaohong , Rastgoo Anahita , Rafiee Mirmehdi , Alirezalu Kazem 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe effects of gelatin coatings (2% and 4%) containing chitosan nanoparticles (ChNPs; 1% and 2%), in combination with calcium‐alginate coatings (CA; 2%), on quality attributes and shelf life of chicken breast meat were evaluated at 4°C for 12 days. The results indicated that double‐active gelatin–calcium alginate coatings had significant (p < .05) effects on moisture and protein content. Incorporation of ChNPs into double gelatin‐CA coatings led to significant reduction (p < .05) in TBARS, pH, and TVB‐N values at the end of storage. The counts of total viable count (TVC), coliforms, yeasts, and molds were significantly (p < .05) lower in all coated samples, particularly in treated samples by 4% gelatin containing 2% ChNPs + 2% CA coatings (6.85, 6.78, and 5.91 log CFU/g, respectively, compared with 8.35, 8.76, and 7.71 log CFU/g in control) at the end of keeping time. The results of sensory attributes showed that the coated samples had higher overall acceptability scores compared with the untreated samples. A synergistic relationship between the concentrations of gelatin and ChNPs was observed in maintaining the quality characteristics of meat samples during storage. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the performance of double gelatin coating containing ChNPs in combination with CA coating in the storage quality improvement of chicken breast meat stored for 12 days at 4 °C to develop novel and practical coatings for meat and meat products.
Early life exposure to cold weather shocks and growth stunting: Evidence from Tanzania
Authors: Hongoli Josephat J. , Hahn Youjin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study examines the effects of early life and in utero exposure to cold weather shocks on the incidence of growth stunting for children under age five in Tanzania. We find that an increase of 10 percentage points in the proportion of days with temperatures below 15 degrees Celsius (one standard deviation below the long‐term average) is associated with an increase in the probability of stunting and severe stunting by 2.0 and 1.4 percentage points (equivalent to 5.5 and 9.7 percent of the mean stunting and severe stunting), respectively. The results also show strong effects of in utero exposure during the second trimester of pregnancy on child stunting and wasting. In terms of the mechanisms, we find that the effects on disease environment, food insecurity, and reduced agricultural productivity are the possible channels driving the results.