bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient and Robust Molecular Solar Thermal Fabric for Personal Thermal Management
Authors: Fei Liang , Zhang Zhao‐Yang , Tan Yongsong , Ye Ting , Dong Dongfang , Yin Yunjie , Li Tao , Wang Chaoxia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMolecular solar thermal (MOST) materials, which can efficiently capture solar energy and release it as heat on demand, are promising candidates for future personal thermal management (PTM) applications, preferably in the form of fabrics. However, developing MOST fabrics with high energy‐storage capacity and stable working performance remains a significant challenge because of the low energy density of the molecular materials and their leakage from the fabric. Here, an efficient and robust MOST fabric for PTM using azopyrazole‐containing microcapsules with a deep‐UV‐filter shell is reported. The MOST fabric, which can co‐harvest solar and thermal energy, achieves efficient photocharging and photo‐discharging (>90% photoconversion), a high energy density of 2.5 kJ m−2, and long‐term storage sustainability at month scale. Moreover, it can undergo multiple cycles of washing, rubbing, and recharging without significant loss of energy‐storage capacity. This MOST microcapsule strategy is easily used for the scalable production of a MOST fabric for solar thermal moxibustion. This achievement offers a promising route for the application of wearable MOST materials with high energy‐storage performance and robustness in PTM.
Quantifiable Relationship Between Antibacterial Efficacy and Electro–Mechanical Intervention on Nanowire Arrays
Authors: Wang Guomin , Tang Kaiwei , Jiang Wenjuan , Liao Qing , Li Yong , Liu Pei , Wu Yuzheng , Liu Mengting , Wang Huaiyu , Li Bin , Du Jianzhong , Chu Paul K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhysical disruption is an important antibacterial means as it is lethal to bacteria without spurring antimicrobial resistance. However, it is very challenging to establish a quantifiable relationship between antibacterial efficacy and physical interactions such as mechanical and electrical forces. Herein, titanium nitride (TN) nanowires with adjustable orientations and capacitances are prepared to exert gradient electro–mechanical forces on bacteria. While vertical nanowires show the strongest mechanical force resulting in an antibacterial efficiency of 0.62 log reduction (vs 0.22 for tiled and 0.36 for inclined nanowires, respectively), the addition of electrical charges maximizes the electro–mechanical interactions and elevates the antibacterial efficacy to more than 3 log reduction. Biophysical and biochemical analyses indicate that electrostatic attraction by electrical charge narrows the interface. The electro–mechanical intervention more easily stiffens and rips the bacteria membrane, disturbing the electron balance and generating intracellular oxidative stress. The antibacterial ability is maintained in vivo and bacteria‐challenged rats are protected from serious infection. The physical bacteria‐killing process demonstrated here can be controlled by adjusting the electro–mechanical interactions. Overall, these results revealed important principles for rationally designing high‐performance antibacterial interfaces for clinical applications.
Bioinspired Superwettable Catheters with Tunable Structural Color for Efficient Drug Release Monitoring
Authors: Jiang Zhijun , Chen Yufei , Xu Mingtian , Shao Wenwen , Zhang Lihao , Liu Cihui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMedical interventional catheters are indispensable medical devices that are continuing to reshape current practice in many specialties of clinical applications. However, there has been rapid development of catheters, it remains many challenges in antibiofilm and effective drug delivering. Inspired by natural creatures, a bioinspired superwettable catheter is developed which is constructed with inverse opal photonic crystals hydrogel. The superwettability property is achieved by creating a slippery liquid‐infused porous surface (SLIPS) where the motion state of droplets changes. The expansion and contraction of the hydrogel endow the catheter with tunable structural color and drug release properties. Thus, the catheter could not only report the variation of the drug release process via SLIPS phenomenon obviously but also quantitatively give feedback on the drug release process through visually structural color variations. The multifunctional superwettable catheter shows good antibacterial performance and can be used for drug release monitoring which has excellent prospects in biomedical applications.
Revealing the Superior Electrocatalytic Performance of 2D Monolayer WSe2 Transition Metal Dichalcogenide for Efficient H2 Evolution Reaction
Authors: Pakhira Srimanta , Kumar Vikash , Ghosh Soumen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractH2 evolution reaction (HER) requires an electrocatalyst to reduce the reaction barriers for the efficient production of H2. 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) have emerged as a pinnacle group of materials for many potential applications, including HER. In this work, a pristine 2D monolayer WSe2 TMD is computationally designed using the first principle‐based hybrid density functional theory (DFT) to investigate its structural, electronic properties and the electrocatalytic performance for HER. The possible Volmer‐Heyrovsky and Volmer‐Tafel reaction mechanisms for HER at the W‐edge of the active site of WSe2 are studied by using a nonperiodic finite molecular cluster model W10Se21. The study shows that the pristine 2D monolayer WSe2 follows either the Volmer‐Heyrovsky or the Volmer‐Tafel reaction mechanisms with a single‐digit low reaction barrier about 6.11, 8.41 and 6.61 kcal mol−1 during the solvent phase calculations of H•‐migration, Heyrovsky and Tafel transition (TS) states, respectively. The lower reaction barriers, high turnover frequency (TOF) ≈ 4.24 × 106 s−1 and 8.86 × 107 s−1 during the Heyrovsky and Tafel reaction steps and the low Tafel slope 29.58 mV dec−1 confirm that the pristine 2D monolayer WSe2 might be a promising alternative to platinum group metals (PGM) based electrocatalyst.
Deposition‐Type Lithium Metal All‐Solid‐State Batteries: About the Importance of Stack‐Pressure Control and the Benefits of Hot Pressing during Initial Cycling
Authors: Cronau Marvin , Szabo Marvin , Renz Diemo , Duchardt Marc , Pescara Lars Pateras , Roling Bernhard 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe concept of using metallic lithium as anode material offers great potential for increasing the energy density of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, the ubiquitous formation of dendrites during lithium plating has prevented this so far. This is also true for all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs), for which dendrite formation has been observed particularly at high stack pressures and high current densities. An evolving and very promising strategy for suppressing dendrite formation is the usage of a thin carbon layer on the anode side, referred to as deposition‐type lithium metal anode. Here, it is shown that for ASSBs with carbon‐based deposition‐type anodes of this type, the discharge capacity can be significantly increased by either: i) active stack pressure control; or by ii) hot pressing of binder‐containing anode and separator. High discharge capacities exceeding 190 mAh g−1 are achieved at room temperature without using any expensive elements (thiophosphate‐based solid electrolyte, Ni‐rich NMC cathode active material). This observation points to the importance of ensuring good mechanical contact between the deposition‐type anode and the separator during cycling. While approach (i) is readily applicable for lab‐scale batteries, approach (ii) should be a promising option for future commercial ASSBs.
Advanced Methods for Ion Selectivity Measurement in Nanofluidic Devices
Authors: Hou Jue , Zhang Huacheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNanofluidic devices with specific ion selectivity have shown great potential in efficient ion separation, biosensing, and energy conversion technologies. Advances in analytical techniques have enabled quantitative measurement of the nanofluidics’ ion selectivity and understanding of the ion selection mechanisms. This review gives a brief overview of recent progress in the fabrication of single‐channel and multichannel nanofluidic devices with specific ion selection functionalities based on nanopores, nanochannels, nanotubes, nanopipettes, and nanoslits. Then advanced experimental methods (i.e., drift‐diffusion experiments, charged molecular diffusion experiments, ion permeation experiments, electrodialysis, ion current/conductance/conductivity measurements, and pyranine assays) and theories (i.e., Goldman–Hodgkin–Katz model and ion selectivity calculation equations) for investigating cation/anion, mono/divalent‐ion, and single‐ion selectivities in nanofluidic devices are summarized. Finally, the challenges that need to be addressed in this research field and the perspective of sub‐nanofluidic devices are discussed.
A Review of Flexible Strain Sensors Based on Natural Fiber Materials
Authors: Wu Yuting , Tang Jian , Ma Shidong , Zhang Keqin , Yan Tao , Pan Zhijuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFlexible strain sensors with outstanding stretchability and sensitivity can be widely used in medical health, smart robot, intelligent garment, man‐machine interaction, and other fields. The use of natural fibers enables a green manufacturing pathway to design strain sensors within the context of increasingly serious environmental pollution. Commercialized natural fibers, including cellulose fibers (cotton and fibrilia), protein fibers (wool and silk), and their regenerated materials (viscose and silk fibroin) exhibit low cost, easy acquisition, and degradability as the basis materials. This paper reviews the preparation methods, performances, and applications of flexible strain sensors based on these natural fibers. Cellulose and protein fibers are carbonized or coated with conductive nanomaterials to form the strain sensing network, and then, elastic polymers are used to improve the sensor strain range. Regenerated natural fiber materials can be uniformly mixed with conductive materials to form conductive composites for sensors. The strain‐sensing performances and mechanisms are analyzed and compared. Natural fiber‐based strain sensors are studied to pave the way for practical integration in electronic systems.
Suspended Graphene/PEDOT: PSS‐PEO Channel for H2Gas Sensing Fabricated Using Direct‐Write Functional Fibers
Authors: Regmi Abiral , Shin Dongwoon , Na Noori , Chang Jiyoung 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, the hydrogen gas (H2) sensing mechanism of suspended graphene (Gr)/ Poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene): Poly(styrene sulfonate) – Polyethylene oxide (PEDOT: PSS‐PEO) composite nanoscale channels precisely patterned with near‐field electrospinning is investigated. Suspended Gr/PEDOT: PSS‐PEO nanoscale channels not only have a higher surface‐to‐volume ratio for easy diffusion in/out of the composite but also show enhanced response due to effective charge transfer at the interface of suspended graphene and PEDOT: PSS‐PEO nanofiber. A sensing response of 2% for 1 ppm of H2concentration with good linearity over a wide dynamic range is achieved. Arrays of nanoscale channels for enhanced sensitivity are also implemented and microheaters for effective and fast device recovery are integrated. Moreover, the sensor response is also characterized at various conditions such as channel materials and sizes, temperatures, and gas concentrations. The demonstrated performance, with low power consumption and small form factor, promises a facile and low‐cost suspended graphene/PEDOT: PSS‐PEO sensor solution with enhanced sensitivity.
Terahertz Barcodes Enabled by All‐Silicon Metasurfaces for Process Control and Monitoring Applications
Authors: Zhang Lingyun , Ma Hao , Sun Zhenci , Wang Zilun , Fan Kebin , Jin Biaobing , You Rui , Zhao Xiaoguang , You Zheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProcess control and monitoring (PCM) is crucial for the quality control and yield improvement of semiconductor products. Terahertz inspection of semiconductor devices has been of interest since the progress of terahertz spectroscopic techniques. However, due to the diffraction limit, high‐resolution measurement of geometric sizes and multiple parameter monitoring are challenging for terahertz PCM techniques. In this article, XX present terahertz all‐dielectric metasurfaces as the interface on a silicon substrate for monitoring material properties and fabrication errors in the silicon deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) process. It is shown that four different metasurfaces can encode multiple information simultaneously, including the carrier density of silicon substrates, etching depth and linewidth error, forming a terahertz barcode for PCM. By correlating the measured reflection spectra of the barcode with those in the simulation database, the three parameters are retrieved with a mean square error (MSE) of ≈0.5. The results indicate that this proposed technique using emerging artificial photonic materials as PCM structures paves a pathway toward high‐efficiency semiconductor quality control and other sensing applications.
Sensitivity‐Enhanced Skin‐Attachable Strain Sensors Using Multi‐Material Printed Bioinspired Heterogeneous Moduli Structures for Proprioceptive Training
Authors: Li Yuanlong , Lin Rongzan , Wang Xianheng , Li Haojie , Chen Yuqiu , Zhang Boxuan , Zhang Yanlin , Pan Yu , Qiu Xinming , Liu Ran 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProprioception evaluated by the repetition performance of limbs’ movement is an important indicator of sports rehabilitation. Since motion monitoring using wearable sensors is hampered by challenges in sensitivity, conformability, and stability, proprioception assessments still rely heavily on bulky apparatus. This work reports a bioinspired strain sensor with sensitivity‐enhanced structures based on strain redistribution to achieve proprioceptive training of joints, showing high sensitivity and stability even under large deformation. The sensing structure consists of units with different moduli and is independent of the sensing materials and sensors’ shape, and thus can be universally applied to various devices. A new method of multi‐material 3D printing is developed to construct the complex substrates with heterogeneous moduli architecture and automatically fabricate the entire sensor. To fulfill effective proprioception exercise, the conformal deformation of printed sensors attached to joints during the whole stretch period is verified in computed tomography imaging, which indicates the output of sensors can precisely reflect the movement of joints. A complete recovery cycle of 4 weeks is demonstrated, during which an injured patient training with our skin‐attachable strain sensors restored his ability in limb control. This proprioceptive training paradigm with intelligent sensors paves the way to home‐based rehabilitation.
Building Blood Vessel Chips with Enhanced Physiological Relevance
Authors: Mu Xuan , Gerhard‐Herman Marie Denise , Zhang Yu Shrike 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBlood vessel chips are bioengineered microdevices, consisting of biomaterials, human cells, and microstructures, which recapitulate essential vascular structure and physiology and allow a well‐controlled microenvironment and spatial‐temporal readouts. Blood vessel chips afford promising opportunities to understand molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying a range of vascular diseases. The physiological relevance is key to these blood vessel chips that rely on bioinspired strategies and bioengineering approaches to translate vascular physiology into artificial units. Here, several critical aspects of vascular physiology are discussed, including morphology, material composition, mechanical properties, flow dynamics, and mass transport, which provide essential guidelines and a valuable source of bioinspiration for the rational design of blood vessel chips. The state‐of‐art blood vessel chips are also reviewed that exhibit important physiological features of the vessel and reveal crucial insights into the biological processes and disease pathogenesis, including rare diseases, with notable implications for drug screening and clinical trials. It is envisioned that the advances in biomaterials, biofabrication, and stem cells improve the physiological relevance of blood vessel chips, which, along with the close collaborations between clinicians and bioengineers, enable their widespread utility.
Diarylethene Photoswitches and 3D Printing to Fabricate Rewearable Colorimetric UV Sensors for Sun Protection
Authors: Wiedbrauk Sandra , McKinnon Heather , Swann Levi , Boase Nathan R. B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDespite education campaigns linking sun overexposure and skin cancer, it remains one of the leading preventable cancer diagnoses. Skin cancer risk is correlated with overexposure to UV light in sunlight and can be prevented by avoiding exposure. While sun protection can be achieved using sunscreen and clothing, people must be made aware of their risk to facilitate behavior change. Herein, new rewearable UV sensors which overcome the single‐use limitations of other products are presented. These sensors utilize diarylethene photoswitches, which develop a colored appearance upon exposure to UV and are reset to colorless by green light (<10 min). These photoswitches are incorporated into a range of materials, enabling the use of advanced manufacturing to develop highly desirable consumer products. 3D stereolithographic printing is used to prototype sensors, with complex geometries and appealing aesthetics, that can be worn by users. The UV sensitivity of these devices is tuned by incorporating chromophores, meeting the needs of diverse skin types. The colorimetric response allows for direct visual feedback to the user, or quantification using photography, allowing for dosimetry of UV exposure. These new reusable devices aim to reduce people's exposure to UV, while reducing the waste generated by single‐use devices.
Promoting 2D Material Photodetectors by Optical Antennas beyond Noble Metals
Authors: Yi Huaxin , Ma Yuhang , Ye Qiaojue , Lu Jianting , Wang Wan , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Ma Churong , Yao Jiandong , Yang Guowei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe distinctive layered crystal structures and diverse properties of 2D layered materials (2DLMs) have established them as prospective building blocks for implementing next‐generation optoelectronics. One critical predicament in terms of light sensing is the weak absorption caused by the atomic‐scale thickness, as well as the limited effective wavelength range/low spectral selectivity constrained by the intrinsic band structures. Despite the fact that numerous noble metal antennas are harnessed for enhancing the light–matter coupling, they suffer from exorbitant cost and narrow resonant optical windows. To this end, a number of non‐noble plasmonic optical antennas have been developed to improve the light‐sensing properties of 2DLM photodetectors, and tremendous advances have been accomplished. Herein, a comprehensive overview of this subject is provided based on four aspects; namely, non‐noble metal antenna promoted 2DLM photodetectors, heteroatom doped semiconductor antenna promoted 2DLM photodetectors, non‐stoichiometric semiconductor antenna promoted 2DLM photodetectors, and MXene antenna promoted 2DLM photodetectors. The focus is on the device structures, preparation, and underlying mechanisms. In the end, the challenges are highlighted, and potential strategies addressing them are proposed, which aim to navigate the upcoming exploration in the related domains and fully exert the pivotal role of non‐noble plasmonic optical antennas toward advancing 2DLM photodetectors.
Quantum Interference between Fundamentally Different Processes Is Enabled by Shaped Input Wavefunctions
Authors: Lim Jeremy , Kumar Suraj , Ang Yee Sin , Ang Lay Kee , Wong Liang Jie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis work presents a general framework for quantum interference between processes that can involve different fundamental particles or quasi‐particles. This framework shows that shaping input wavefunctions is a versatile and powerful tool for producing and controlling quantum interference between distinguishable pathways, beyond previously explored quantum interference between indistinguishable pathways. Two examples of quantum interference enabled by shaping in interactions between free electrons, bound electrons, and photons are presented: i) the vanishing of the zero‐loss peak by destructive quantum interference when a shaped electron wavepacket couples to light, under conditions where the electron's zero‐loss peak otherwise dominates; ii) quantum interference between free electron and atomic (bound electron) spontaneous emission processes, which can be significant even when the free electron and atom are far apart, breaking the common notion that a free electron and an atom must be close by to significantly affect each other's processes. Conclusions show that emerging quantum wave‐shaping techniques unlock the door to greater versatility in light‐matter interactions and other quantum processes in general.
Full Control of Plasmonic Nanocavities Using Gold Decahedra‐on‐Mirror Constructs with Monodisperse Facets
Authors: Hu Shu , Elliott Eoin , Sánchez‐Iglesias Ana , Huang Junyang , Guo Chenyang , Hou Yidong , Kamp Marlous , Goerlitzer Eric S. A. , Bedingfield Kalun , de Nijs Bart , Peng Jialong , Demetriadou Angela , Liz‐Marzán Luis M. , Baumberg Jeremy J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBottom‐up assembly of nanoparticle‐on‐mirror (NPoM) nanocavities enables precise inter‐metal gap control down to ≈ 0.4 nm for confining light to sub‐nanometer scales, thereby opening opportunities for developing innovative nanophotonic devices. However limited understanding, prediction, and optimization of light coupling and the difficulty of controlling nanoparticle facet shapes restricts the use of such building blocks. Here, an ultraprecise symmetry‐breaking plasmonic nanocavity based on gold nanodecahedra is presented, to form the nanodecahedron‐on‐mirror (NDoM) which shows highly consistent cavity modes and fields. By characterizing > 20 000 individual NDoMs, the variability of light in/output coupling is thoroughly explored and a set of robust higher‐order plasmonic whispering gallery modes uniquely localized at the edges of the triangular facet in contact with the metallic substrate is found. Assisted by quasinormal mode simulations, systematic elaboration of NDoMs is proposed to give nanocavities with near hundred‐fold enhanced radiative efficiencies. Such systematically designed and precisely‐assembled metallic nanocavities will find broad application in nanophotonic devices, optomechanics, and surface science.
Li–S Chemistry of Manganese Phosphides Nanoparticles With Optimized Phase
Authors: Deng Qiao , Dong Xinji , Shen Pei Kang , Zhu Jinliang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe targeted synthesis of manganese phosphides with target phase remains a huge challenge because of their various stoichiometries and phase‐dependent physicochemical properties. In this study, phosphorus‐rich MnP, manganese‐rich Mn2P, and their heterostructure MnP–Mn2P nanoparticles evenly dispersed on porous carbon are accurately synthesized by a convenient one‐pot heat treatment of phosphate resin combined with Mn2+. Moreover, their electrochemical properties are systematically investigated as sulfur hosts in lithium–sulfur batteries. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate the superior adsorption, catalysis capabilities, and electrical conductivity of MnP–Mn2P/C, compared with MnP/C and Mn2P/C. The MnP–Mn2P/C@S exhibits an excellent capacity of 763.3 mAh g−1 at 5 C with a capacity decay rate of only 0.013% after 2000 cycles. A phase evolution product (MnS) of MnP–Mn2P/C@S is detected during the catalysis of MnP–Mn2P/C with polysulfides redox through in situ X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. At a sulfur loading of up to 8 mg cm−2, the MnP–Mn2P/C@S achieves an area capacity of 6.4 mAh cm−2 at 0.2 C. A pouch cell with the MnP–Mn2P/C@S cathode exhibits an initial energy density of 360 Wh kg−1.