bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active disturbance rejection control for reducing vehicle body displacement based on an extended state observer and dynamic fuzzy techniques
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Anh 
Published: January 2025

This article presents a hybrid control method for an automotive suspension system to improve smoothness and comfort and eliminate the influence of sensor noise. The proposed algorithm is formed by combining an active disturbance rejection control technique and a dynamic fuzzy technique based on an extended state observer. The article’s novel contribution is to propose a solution for determining a reference signal and adjusting control parameters using soft computing techniques. Simulations are performed in three cases (corresponding to three types of road excitation signals) to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm. According to the calculation results, the displacement and acceleration of the vehicle body are significantly reduced when the proposed technique is applied to control the active suspension system. The error of the road disturbance observed by the extended state observer does not exceed 0.5 mm, while the error of the vehicle body displacement is less than 0.001 mm. In addition, the chattering phenomenon caused by sensor noise is completely eliminated once the proposed algorithm controls the active suspension system. In conclusion, the algorithm introduced in this work provides superior performance over traditional control methods, which is validated by simulation results.
The effects of admission hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus on mechanical thrombectomy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Belge Bilgin Gokce , Bilgin Cem , Jabal Mohamed Sobhi , Kobeissi Hassan , Ghozy Sherief , Senol Yigit Can , Orscelik Atakan , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Brinjikji Waleed , Kallmes David F. , Rabinstein Alejandro A 
Published: January 2025

Background The impact of certain comorbidities on mechanical thrombectomy (MT) outcomes remains largely unexplored. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and admission hyperglycemia have been associated with poor clinical outcomes for patients treated with MT. In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of DM and admission hyperglycemia on MT outcomes. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted in Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Data regarding successful recanalization (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction [mTICI] ≥2b), functional independence (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0–2), excellent outcomes (mRS 0–1), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and mortality were extracted from the included studies. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects model. Results Twenty-one studies comprising 9708 patients were included. A total of 2311 patients (24%) had a history of DM, and 2026 patients (21%) had admission hyperglycemia. Admission hyperglycemia was associated with significantly lower odds of mTICI ≥2b (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.55–0.89), mRS 0–2 (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.41–0.53), and mRS 0–1 (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.34–0.55) as compared to normoglycemic state. Patients with hyperglycemia had significantly higher rates of sICH (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.66–2.54) and mortality (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.58–2.52) than normoglycemic patients. Diabetes mellitus was associated with significantly high rates of mortality (OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.31–2.3) and lower rates of mRS 0–2 (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.48–0.76) in sensitivity analyses. Conclusion Our results indicate that admission blood glucose levels and DM can negatively affect MT outcomes. Further research should focus on optimizing MT outcomes for these patients.
The impacts on population health by China's regional health data centers and the potential mechanism of influence
Authors: Cai Jiaoli , Li Yue , Coyte Peter C 
Published: January 2025

Background China recently established a series of pilot regional health data centers with a mandate to acquire, consolidate, analyze, and translate data into evidence for health policy decision-making. This experiment with “big data” has the potential to influence population health and is the focus of this study. Methods This study used national longitudinal survey data from the China Family Panel Studies over the period 2014–2020 to empirically assess the impact of China's establishment of pilot regional health data centers on population health and health inequality. A difference-in-differences model was employed to investigate the policy effect on population health, with additional exploration of possible mechanisms of influence. The corrected concentration index was used to measure health inequality, while Wagstaff decomposition method was applied to examine the marginal influence of the policy effect on health inequality. Results Overall health status of local residents has improved after the establishment of the pilot regional health data centers. Using mechanism analysis, the findings demonstrated that improvements to population health were driven by promoting healthy lifestyles and innovations in medical practices. Furthermore, due to differences in individual e-health literacy, the pilot centers produced “pro-rich” health inequality where high-income groups benefited more from the establishment of the pilot centers in terms of health than low-income groups. Conclusions This study has highlighted the potential to improve population health, in general, with the advent of big data centers, but for these benefits be unevenly distributed among the resident population.
Evaluation of the Effect of Calcium Hydroxide Residues Including Different Vehicles on the Accuracy of Electronic Apex Locators
Authors: Koç Simay , Erkal Damla , Tekinarslan Dide , Er Kürs¸at 
Published: January 2025

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the residues of the calcium hydroxide (CH) dressings with different vehicles on the accuracy of two different electronic apex locators (EALs). Materials and Method: Endodontic access cavities were prepared at 120 single-rooted maxillary premolars. The actual length (AL) was determined under a stereomicroscope at ×15 magnification. After the preparation of the canals, electronic length (EL1) was measured using Propex Pixi and EndoRadar Pro. Samples were divided into one control (without CH) and five experimental groups according to the different CH vehicles (saline, mono propylene glycol, methylcellulose, silicone oil, and chlorhexidine), and calcium CH dressing was placed. After the removal of CH using 4 mL of 17% EDTA irrigation with EDDY, EL was measured again and recorded as EL2. The difference was calculated by subtracting AL from EL1 and EL2. The amount of CH residues was assessed using software. Results: There was no significant difference among the groups after removal of the CH dressing for both EALs ( p > .05). The type of vehicle did not affect the residual amount of CH. Due to the residual CH, the accuracy of both EALs was compromised. However, the success rate of Propex Pixi was significantly reduced in the presence of CH remnants. Conclusion: Propex Pixi and EndoRadar were more accurate in the measurements before the application of CH dressing than after. There was no discernible impact of vehicle type on the residual amount of CH. This study emphasizes the necessity of completely removing CH dressings prior to the use of EAL to enhance the accuracy of the working length determination in endodontic practice.
Research on Mechanical Aging Behavior of Grease in Rolling Bearing
Authors: Yang Jialong , Zhang Yuhao , Wang Zongzheng , Pu Wei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Grease is extensively used in rolling bearings due to its inherent sealing properties. However, mechanical degradation typically occurs, resulting in a significantly shorter lifespan for the grease compared to the bearing. Investigating aging mechanisms is essential. This study utilized rolling bearings to obtain mechanically aged greases. The aged samples were then subjected to do rheological test, FTIR test and friction test to examine the effects of aging time, radial load, and rotational speed. An innovative disk-ball-disk device was developed to study the friction characteristics of aged grease in rolling bearings. Additionally, a grease lubrication and friction model were proposed to further evaluate the lubrication performance of aged grease, using measured rheological parameters and the kinematic velocities of the disk-ball-disk device as inputs. The calculated friction coefficients matched well with disk-ball-disk experimental results. FTIR analysis revealed that the non-soap thickener's structure remained stable, but additives depleted at high speeds. The structure of lithium soap thickener decomposed severely, leading to oil bleeding and a shortened replenishment duration. Over aging time, both greases had lower friction and viscosity due to gradual thickener breakdown, releasing bled oil and extending replenishment. Radial load minimally affected the properties of aged grease. This study may provide valuable insights into the aging mechanisms of grease and the enhancement of rolling bearing lubrication.
Anaesthetic efficacy of intraligamentary injection compared to incisive nerve block using 3% mepivacaine hydrochloride: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Salem Suzan , Saad Islam , Elmoazen Ramy , Khalifa Ghada Amin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
In dentistry, local anesthetic is frequently used to manage pain throughout several phases of dental treatments, including tooth extraction. The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two techniques for controlling pain during mandibular exodontia (tooth extraction), specifically focusing on the pain experienced during injection and extraction of mandibular anterior and premolars teeth. The two techniques being compared are the intraligamentary injection technique (ILI) and the incisive nerve block technique (INB).

Materials and methods
In this study, 100 mandibular anterior and premolars and teeth that were indicated for extraction were included. The effectiveness of the two local anaesthesia techniques, intraligamentary injection technique (ILI) and incisive nerve block (INB), were compared using Modified Dental Anxiety Scale for Dental Extraction Procedure (MDAS-DEP) and visual analogue scale (VAS) during the injection and extraction stages of the procedure.

Results
A total of 100 participants (42 females, 58 males) with a mean age of 50.97 ± 11.59 years took part in the study. The mean VAS score in the INB group was 6.14 after injection and 3.86 after extraction, while in the ILI group, it was 5.46 and 2.90, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups both after injection (p = 0.001) and extraction (p < 0.001), as well as within each group (Control: p < 0.001; Study: p < 0.001). For MDAS-DEP, the INB group had mean scores of 15.86 and 11.26 after injection and extraction, respectively, while the ILI group had scores of 15.68 and 10.94, showing a significant difference within each group after both injection (p < 0.001) and extraction (p = 0.001). However, no significant difference was found when comparing MDAS-DEP scores between the two groups from injection to extraction (p = 0.802).

Conclusion
The intraligamentary injection technique (ILI) appears less painful during injection and provides profound pain relief during extraction. The results suggest that ILI can be used as a sole anaesthetic technique during extraction of lower anterior and premolar teeth.

Trial registration
This trial was retrospectively registered on 27/01/2023 with the identifier ISRCTN83272316 in Isrctn.com.
Anterior mediastinal tracheostomy – a salvage procedure for tracheal necrosis after thyroidectomy for medullary thyroid cancer: a case-report
Authors: Hemead Hanan , Patel Akshay J. , Jesani Hannah , Kumar Sajith , Ahmed Irfan , Parmar Sat , Warner Robert , Sharma Neil , Kalkat Maninder S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A 34-year-old male patient with recently diagnosed with medullary thyroid carcinoma underwent total thyroidectomy and radical neck dissection, requiring sharp dissection to separate the tumour from the trachea. He required post operative intubation due to bilateral vocal cord paralysis. He developed ischaemic necrosis of the upper two thirds of the trachea presenting with marked surgical emphysema and an infective wound. The wound was opened, drained and an endotracheal tube was negotiated through the sloughed trachea into the distal intrathoracic trachea with the cuff inflated just above the carina. This complication was managed with total pharyngo-laryngectomy, anterior deep mediastinal tracheostomy and construction of a neo-cervical oesophagus with a free lateral thigh fascio-cutaneous flap. This case highlights the potential complications of a procedure, perseverance, collaboration amongst various disciplines and teamwork for treating a rare and complex condition. The patient was discharged and has had an excellent recovery with good quality of life over two years of follow up.
Surgery for chronic pyothorax after failed amplatzer closure of bronchopleural fistula
Authors: Vincent Yohann , Lenzini Alessandra , Hanna Amir , Leymarie Nicolas , Le Picault Brendan , Fadel Elie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Post-pneumonectomy bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a life-threatening event whose treatment is not standardized.

Case presentation
We report the management of a 28-year-old patient with a 3-year history of BPF complicating right pneumonectomy for congenital emphysema. Despite closure by an Amplatzer device, the patient had chronic pyothorax and severely deteriorated general health and quality of life. An attempt at Amplatzer device removal through an open window thoracostomy failed. A median sternotomy was performed, the carina was resected, and the left main bronchus was anastomosed to the trachea. The thoracostomy was closed using fasciocutaneous pedicled flaps. At 9 months, the patient was doing well.

Conclusion
The utilisation of an Amplatzer device to close a broncho-pleural fistula can have adverse effects and potentially result in fatal sepsis in those cases where it is unsuccessful. The endoscopic treatment of BPF should be reserved for expert centers, considering the location, size, and stability of the fistula when choosing the treatment strategy. The surgical management of failed Amplatzer closure may be extremely complex, requiring a highly experienced team.
V-ATPase in glioma stem cells: a novel metabolic vulnerability
Authors: Storaci Alessandra Maria , Bertolini Irene , Martelli Cristina , De Turris Giorgia , Mansour Nadia , Crosti Mariacristina , De Filippo Maria Rosaria , Ottobrini Luisa , Valenti Luca , Polledri Elisa , Fustinoni Silvia , Caroli Manuela , Fanizzi Claudia , Bosari Silvano , Ferrero Stefano , Zadra Giorgia , Vaira Valentina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal brain tumor characterized by the glioma stem cell (GSC) niche. The V-ATPase proton pump has been described as a crucial factor in sustaining GSC viability and tumorigenicity. Here we studied how patients-derived GSCs rely on V-ATPase activity to sustain mitochondrial bioenergetics and cell growth.

Methods
V-ATPase activity in GSC cultures was modulated using Bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) and cell viability and metabolic traits were analyzed using live assays. The GBM patients-derived orthotopic xenografts were used as in vivo models of disease. Cell extracts, proximity-ligation assay and advanced microscopy was used to analyze subcellular presence of proteins. A metabolomic screening was performed using Biocrates p180 kit, whereas transcriptomic analysis was performed using Nanostring panels.

Results
Perturbation of V-ATPase activity reduces GSC growth in vitro and in vivo. In GSC there is a pool of V-ATPase that localize in mitochondria. At the functional level, V-ATPase inhibition in GSC induces ROS production, mitochondrial damage, while hindering mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and reducing protein synthesis. This metabolic rewiring is accompanied by a higher glycolytic rate and intracellular lactate accumulation, which is not exploited by GSCs for biosynthetic or survival purposes.

Conclusions
V-ATPase activity in GSC is critical for mitochondrial metabolism and cell growth. Targeting V-ATPase activity may be a novel potential vulnerability for glioblastoma treatment.
Teaching triage in disaster medicine – same subject, but different approach
Authors: Khorram-Manesh Amir 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Disaster management is an inter-, intra-, and cross-disciplinary task in which different specialties partake. Triage is a crucial part of disaster education. A synchronized approach and mutual understanding of triaging and agreement on priorities are essential for saving lives.

Case study
Educational initiatives in disaster medicine aim to address issues that highlight the differences between more routine multi-casualty incidents and rarer mass casualty incidents. These differences are characterized by the number of victims, available resources, and environmental factors that may jeopardize the safety of victims and healthcare providers. While routine triage algorithms are often used in multiple casualty emergencies, considering environmental factors in mass casualty incidents caused by natural or human-made hazards should be equally important.

Conclusions
The impacts of environmental factors are usually not discussed in disaster medicine education, resulting in professionals having difficulties understanding the limitations of implementing routine triage algorithms during disaster response.
Personalized neuron-specific enolase level based on EEG pattern for prediction of poor outcome after cardiac arrest
Authors: Pelle Juliette , Pruvost-Robieux Estelle , Dumas Florence , Ginguay Antonin , Charpentier Julien , Vigneron Clara , Pène Frédéric , Mira Jean Paul , Cariou Alain , Benghanem Sarah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
After cardiac arrest (CA), the European recommendations suggest to use a neuron-specific enolase (NSE) level > 60 µg/L at 48–72 h to predict poor outcome. However, the prognostic performance of NSE can vary depending on electroencephalogram (EEG). The objective was to determine whether the NSE threshold which predicts poor outcome varies according to EEG patterns and the effect of electrographic seizures on NSE level.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary CA center, using a prospective registry of 155 adult patients comatose 72 h after CA. EEG patterns were classified according to the Westhall classification (benign, malignant or highly malignant). Neurological outcome was evaluated using the CPC scale at 3 months (CPC 3–5 defining a poor outcome).

Results
Participants were 64 years old (IQR [53; 72,5]), and 74% were male. 83% were out-of-hospital CA and 48% were initial shockable rhythm. Electrographic seizures were observed in 5% and 8% of good and poor outcome patients, respectively (p = 0.50). NSE blood levels were significantly lower in the good outcome (median 20 µg/L IQR [15; 30]) compared to poor outcome group (median 110 µg/l IQR [49;308], p < 0,001). Benign EEG was associated with lower level of NSE compared to malignant and highly malignant patterns (p < 0.001). The NSE level was not significantly increased in patients with seizures as compared with malignant patterns (p = 0.15). In patients with a malignant EEG, a NSE > 45.2 µg/L was predictive of unfavorable outcome with 100% specificity and a higher sensitivity (70.8%) compared to the recommended NSE cut-off of 60 µg/l (Se = 66%). Combined to electrographic seizures, a NSE > 53.5 µg/L predicts poor outcome with 100% specificity and a higher sensitivity (77.7%) compared to the recommended cut-off (Se = 66.6%). Combined to a benign EEG, a NSE level > 78.2 µg/L was highly predictive of a poor outcome with a higher specificity (Sp = 100%) compared to the recommended cut-off (Sp = 94%).

Conclusion
In comatose patients after AC, a personalized approach of NSE according to EEG pattern could improve the specificity and sensitivity of this biomarker for poor outcome prediction. Compared to others malignant EEG, no significant difference of NSE level was observed in case of electrographic seizures.
Integrative analysis of the Aachen geothermal system (Germany) with an interdisciplinary conceptual model
Authors: Gómez-Díaz Esteban , Balza Morales Andrea , Kukla Peter A. , Brehme Maren 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The comprehension of geothermal systems involves the efficient integration of geological, geophysical and geochemical tools that are crucial in unraveling the distinct features inherent in geothermal reservoirs. We provide a first approach to comprehending the geologically complex geothermal system in the Aachen area, which has been known for its natural thermal spring occurrences since Roman times. Through a comprehensive analysis involving geochemical interpretation of water samples, a review of 2D seismic profiles, stress analysis, and surface geology, a dynamic model has been built, which serves as a conceptual framework providing a clearer understanding of the system. The model characterizes a non-magmatic, detachment fault-controlled convective thermal system, wherein the reservoir exhibits mixed properties of the mainly Devonian carbonate rocks. NW–SE directed fault lines play a pivotal role in fluid transport, enabling the ascent of thermal waters without the need for additional energy. We additionally conducted magnetotelluric (MT) surveys and analyzed apparent resistivity and impedance values obtained through forward modeling, along with an assessment of noise levels. These findings contribute to evaluating the potential use of MT methods in further evaluating the study area and for geothermal energy exploration in general.
Improving timing resolution of BGO for TOF-PET: a comparative analysis with and without deep learning
Authors: Loignon-Houle Francis , Kratochwil Nicolaus , Toussaint Maxime , Lowis Carsten , Ariño-Estrada Gerard , Gonzalez Antonio J. , Auffray Etiennette , Lecomte Roger 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The renewed interest in BGO scintillators for TOF-PET is driven by the improved Cherenkov photon detection with new blue-sensitive SiPMs. However, the slower scintillation light from BGO causes significant time walk with leading edge discrimination (LED), which degrades the coincidence time resolution (CTR). To address this, a time walk correction (TWC) can be done by using the rise time measured with a second threshold. Deep learning, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), can also enhance CTR by training with digitized waveforms. It remains to be explored how timing estimation methods utilizing one (LED), two (TWC), or multiple (CNN) waveform data points compare in CTR performance of BGO scintillators.

Results
In this work, we compare classical experimental timing estimation methods (LED, TWC) with a CNN-based method using the signals from BGO crystals read out by NUV-HD-MT SiPMs and high-frequency electronics. For

$${2 \times 2 \times 3}\,\hbox {mm}^{3}$$

2
×
2
×
3

mm
3

crystals, implementing TWC results in a CTR of 129 ± 2 ps FWHM, while employing the CNN yields 115 ± 2 ps FWHM, marking improvements of 18 % and 26 %, respectively, relative to the standard LED estimator. For

$${2 \times 2 \times 20}\,\hbox {mm}^{3}$$

2
×
2
×
20

mm
3

crystals, both methods yield similar CTR (around 240 ps FWHM), offering a

$$\sim$$

∼

15 % gain over LED. The CNN, however, exhibits better tail suppression in the coincidence time distribution.

Conclusions
The higher complexity of waveform digitization needed for CNNs could potentially be mitigated by adopting a simpler two-threshold approach, which appears to currently capture most of the essential information for improving CTR in longer BGO crystals. Other innovative deep learning models and training strategies may nonetheless contribute further in a near future to harnessing increasingly discernible timing features in TOF-PET detector signals.