bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness of screening for primary aldosteronism in hypertensive patients in Australia: a Markov modelling analysis
Authors: Woode Maame Esi , Wong Kristina , Reid Christopher M. , Stowasser Michael , Russell Grant , Gwini StellaMay , Young Morag J. , Fuller Peter J. , Yang Jun , Chen Gang 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Primary aldosteronism affects 3–14% of hypertensive patients in the primary care setting and up to 30% in the hypertensive referral units. Although primary aldosteronism screening is recommended in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension, diagnosis at an earlier stage of disease may prevent end-organ damage and optimize patient outcomes.

Methods:
A Markov model was used to estimate the cost-effectiveness of screening for primary aldosteronism in treatment and disease (cardiovascular disease and stroke) naive hypertensive patients. Within the model, a 40-year-old patient with hypertension went through either the screened or the unscreened arm of the model. They were followed until age 80 or death. In the screening arm, the patient underwent standard diagnostic testing for primary aldosteronism if the screening test, aldosterone-to-renin ratio, was elevated above 70 pmol/l : mU/l. Diagnostic accuracies, transition probabilities and costs were derived from published literature and expert advice. The main outcome of interest was the incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER).

Results:
Screening hypertensive patients for primary aldosteronism compared with not screening attained an ICER of AU$35 950.44 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. The results were robust to different sensitivity analyses. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that in 73% of the cases, it was cost-effective to screen at the commonly adopted willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of AU$50 000.

Conclusion:
The results from this study demonstrated that screening all hypertensive patients for primary aldosteronism from age 40 is cost-effective. The findings argue in favour of screening for primary aldosteronism before the development of severe hypertension in the Australian healthcare setting.
Brain PET and SPECT imaging and quantification: a survey of the current status in the UK
Authors: Michopoulou Sofia K. , Dickson John C. , Gardner Glen G. , Gee Thomas R. , Fenwick Andrew J. , Melhuish Timothy , Monaghan Clare A. , O’Brien Neil , Prosser Angus M.J. , Scott Catherine J. , Staff Roger T. , Taylor Jonathan 
Published: July 2023

Objectives
With disease-modifying therapies in development for neurological disorders, quantitative brain imaging techniques become increasingly relevant for objective early diagnosis and assessment of response to treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of Brain SPECT and PET scans in the UK and explore drivers and barriers to using quantitative analysis through an online survey.

Methods
A web-based survey with 27 questions was used to capture a snapshot of brain imaging in the UK. The survey included multiple-choice questions assessing the availability and use of quantification for DaTscan, Perfusion SPECT, FDG PET and Amyloid PET. The survey results were reviewed and interpreted by a panel of imaging experts.

Results
Forty-six unique responses were collected and analysed, with 84% of responses from brain imaging sites. Within these sites, 88% perform DaTscan, 50% Perfusion SPECT, 48% FDG PET, and 33% Amyloid PET, while a few sites use other PET tracers. Quantitative Brain analysis is used in 86% of sites performing DaTscans, 40% for Perfusion SPECT, 63% for FDG PET and 42% for Amyloid PET. Commercial tools are used more frequently than in-house software.

Conclusion
The survey showed variations across the UK, with high availability of DaTscan imaging and quantification and lower availability of other SPECT and PET scans. The main drivers for quantification were improved reporting confidence and diagnostic accuracy, while the main barriers were a perception of a need for an appropriate database of healthy controls and a lack of training, time, and software availability.
Radiopharmaceutical extravasation in bone scintigraphy: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fernandes Davide , Santos Márcia , Pinheiro Miguel , Duarte Hugo , Fontes Filipa 
Published: July 2023

Objetives
Tc-99m Hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP) bone scintigraphy is commonly used to diagnose bone disorders. We aimed to quantify and characterize the occurrence of radiopharmaceutical extravasation in bone scintigraphy, using Tc-99m HMDP, as well as to compare the visual classification of the events with an independent analysis using image processing software.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study, using data from a total of 400 (9.1%) exams, randomly selected from all the procedures performed in 2018 in the Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Portugal. Prevalence estimate and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed for the presence of extravasation. Odds ratios and 95% CI were computed to quantify the association between demographic and clinical characteristics, and the occurrence of extravasation.

Results
The prevalence of Tc-99m HMDP extravasation was 26.5% (95% CI: 22.4−31.0). Those from an inpatient setting had almost seven-fold higher odds of extravasation than those from an outpatient setting. When the wrist was used for administration, there was three times more odds of extravasation when compared to the use of hand. There were statistically significant differences in the median scores of extravasations severity obtained from image processing software according to the different grades attributed by visual appreciation (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Tc-99m HMDP extravasation occurred in one out of four patients, being more frequent among those from an inpatient setting and when the wrist was used for administration. Visual appreciation of the extravasation seems to be acceptable to classify its severity.
Cardiac problems in the fetus: a review for pediatric providers
Authors: Paul Erin A. , Cohen Jennifer , Geiger Miwa K. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose of review
The aim of this study was to provide pediatric providers with a review of the diagnosis and management of fetal cardiac disease in the current era.

Recent findings
Prenatal detection of congenital heart disease (CHD) has improved but is still imperfect. In experienced hands, fetal echocardiography can detect severe CHD as early as the first trimester and a majority of more subtle conditions in the second and third trimesters. Beyond detection, a prenatal diagnosis allows for lesion-specific counseling for families as well as for development of a multidisciplinary perinatal management plan, which may involve in-utero treatment. Given the diversity of cardiac diagnoses and the rarity of some, collaborative multicenter fetal cardiac research has gained momentum in recent years.

Summary
Accurate diagnosis of fetal cardiac disease allows for appropriate counseling, pregnancy and delivery planning, and optimization of immediate neonatal care. There is potential for improving fetal CHD detection rates. Fetal interventions are available for certain conditions, and fetal and pediatric cardiac centers have developed management plans specific to the expected postnatal physiology.
Three-Dimensional Liver Model Application for Liver Transplantation
Authors: Sanchez-Garcia Jorge , Lopez-Verdugo Fidel , Shorti Rami , Krong Jake , Kastenberg Zachary J. , Walters Shannon , Gagnon Andrew , Paci Philippe , Zendejas Ivan , Alonso Diane , Fujita Shiro , Contreras Alan G. , Botha Jean , Esquivel Carlos O. , Rodriguez-Davalos Manuel I. 
Published: July 2023

Background.
Children are removed from the liver transplant waitlist because of death or progressive illness. Size mismatch accounts for 30% of organ refusal. This study aimed to demonstrate that 3-dimensional (3D) technology is a feasible and accurate adjunct to organ allocation and living donor selection process.

Methods.
This prospective multicenter study included pediatric liver transplant candidates and living donors from January 2020 to February 2023. Patient-specific, 3D-printed liver models were used for anatomic planning, real-time evaluation during organ procurement, and surgical navigation. The primary outcome was to determine model accuracy. The secondary outcome was to determine the impact of outcomes in living donor hepatectomy. Study groups were analyzed using propensity score matching with a retrospective cohort.

Results.
Twenty-eight recipients were included. The median percentage error was –0.6% for 3D models and had the highest correlation to the actual liver explant (Pearson’s R = 0.96, P < 0.001) compared with other volume calculation methods. Patient and graft survival were comparable. From 41 living donors, the median percentage error of the allograft was 12.4%. The donor-matched study group had lower central line utilization (21.4% versus 75%, P = 0.045), shorter length of stay (4 versus 7 d, P = 0.003), and lower mean comprehensive complication index (3 versus 21, P = 0.014).

Conclusions.
Three-dimensional volume is highly correlated with actual liver explant volume and may vary across different allografts for living donation. The addition of 3D-printed liver models during the transplant evaluation and organ procurement process is a feasible and safe adjunct to the perioperative decision-making process.
Childhood myasthenia gravis in Japan: Pathophysiology and treatment options
Authors: Hayashi Masatoshi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMyasthenia gravis (MG) is a disease that causes muscle weakness and fatigue due to an abnormality in the neuromuscular junction, which prevents the transmission of information. In the 1970s, it became clear that MG was caused by an autoimmune mechanism, and treatments began to be developed. Most studies on the pathophysiology and treatment of MG have been conducted in adults. However, even in terms of acetylcholine receptor antibodies, which are related to MG pathophysiology, adults and children differ significantly. Moreover, epidemiological studies around the world have revealed significant differences in the prevalence of MG between East Asia, Europe, and the United States. Treatment methods also differ slightly across countries, depending on the differences in pathophysiology and medical practices that have been developed in each region of the world. Japanese pediatric neurologists have revealed a pathophysiology unique to children and differences in treatment methods for childhood MG. However, few studies have systematically reported these findings. Therefore, this article reviews the current basic concepts related to the pathophysiology and treatment of childhood MG in Japan.
Effect of environmental factors, fungicide sensitivity, and pathogenicity of Fusarium spp. associated with fruit rot of melon
Authors: Maniçoba Francisca Elisângela , Negreiros Andréia Mitsa Paiva , Cavalcante Allinny Luzia Alves , Santos Alves Cynthia Patrícia de Sousa , Nascimento Maria Tereza de Albuquerque e , Ambrósio Márcia Michelle de Queiroz , Sales Júnior Rui 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFusarium rot is one of the main postharvest diseases of melons, directly interfering with the quality and commercial use of the fruit. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of environmental factors (temperature, pH and salinity) and the pathogenicity of four Fusarium species (F. falciforme, F. kalimantanense, F. pernambucanum and F. sulawesiense) belonging to three different species complexes on disease development on melon, as well as the in vitro and in vivo sensitivity of these species to the fungicides azoxystrobin + fludioxonil, imazalil and thiabendazole. The results showed optimum fungal growth temperatures from 24.5 to 27.2°C, and optimum pH from 6.10 to 8.37 for all Fusarium species. NaCl concentrations (250–1000 mM) significantly reduced in vitro mycelial growth for all isolates. All species were pathogenic to melon plants and fruit, with an isolate of F. falciforme being the most aggressive, causing the highest disease severity in plants and fruit (43.3% and 62.5%, respectively). The isolate of F. sulawesiense tested showed high in vitro sensitivity to two fungicides (azoxystrobin + fludioxonil and imazalil), with EC50 values below 1 mg/L of a.i. Fruit inoculated with the selected isolates of F. falciforme and F. pernambucanum showed a reduction in the disease severity on the peduncle when treated with the fungicide thiabendazole (9.0% and 4.0%, respectively). Azoxystrobin + fludioxonil was responsible for the lowest disease severity in the epicarp caused by the same isolates (0.0% and 2.5%, respectively). These results are relevant to improve management strategies for diseases of melon caused by Fusarium spp.
Translations of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index: A systematic review
Authors: Lake Eileen T. , Rosenbaum Kathleen E. Fitzpatrick , Sauveur Christina , Buren Catherine , Cho Priscilla 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSince 2002, the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index has been used worldwide to evaluate nurse work environments. High quality translations in different languages can help advance science and inform practice globally. The study purposes were to conduct a systematic review of published translations of the instrument and to assess their linguistic equivalence and psychometric performance. We conducted a comprehensive search, a quality assessment and synthesis of linguistic equivalence, reliability, and validity data. Studies published through July 2021 were identified in the CINAHL, LILACS, EMCare, and Scopus databases. Thirty‐eight publications were selected, comprising 46 translations into 24 languages and 15 language variants, and 35 countries. Translations are in predominantly European, Southeast Asian, and Middle Eastern languages. Two‐thirds of the translations reflected medium to high fulfillment of translation quality criteria. The GRADE ratings, reflecting satisfactory fulfillment of cross‐cultural equivalence and psychometric properties, were predominantly high (n = 23), then low (n = 15), then moderate (n = 8). The identified translations will support the advancement of global science and the improvement of nurses' work environments.
Clinical features and later prognosis of replicable early‐life wheeze clusters from two birth cohorts 12 years apart
Authors: Ngo Suzanne Y. , Venter Carina , Anderson William C. , Picket Kaci , Zhang Hongmei , Arshad S. Hasan , Kurukulaaratchy Ramesh J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundClustering techniques can define the heterogeneity of asthma and wheezing. Defining early‐life wheezing clusters and associated asthma risk could potentially inform patient management strategies. Clustering models that yield replicable cluster groups will have greater validity and clinical utility. This study sought to identify early‐life wheezing clusters that are translatable into clinical practice and assess their stability over time in two whole‐population birth cohorts established a decade apart from the same geographical location.MethodsNonparametric K‐means cluster analysis was performed separately on two birth cohorts from the Isle of Wight, UK; the Isle of Wight Birth Cohort (IOWBC) and Food Allergy and Intolerance Research Cohort (FAIR), using clinically defining variables in wheezing subjects in the first 3–4 years. Associations of resulting clusters with potential early‐life risk factors and 10‐year asthma outcomes were further assessed.ResultsFive clusters were identified in both cohorts: (1) infantile‐onset‐transient‐non‐atopic‐wheeze, (2) infantile‐onset‐persistent‐non‐atopic‐wheeze, (3) infantile‐onset‐atopic‐wheeze, (4) early‐childhood‐onset‐non‐atopic‐wheeze, and (5) early‐childhood‐onset‐atopic‐wheeze. Two atopic wheezing clusters (3 and 5) were associated with greatest early‐life wheeze frequency, highest wheeze persistence, and asthma prevalence at 10 years. Cluster 1 was commonest but had lowest early‐life wheeze frequency and asthma prevalence at 10 years. Cluster 2, characterized by limited atopy but recurrent infantile respiratory infections and ongoing early‐life wheezing, had high 10‐year asthma prevalence only in IOWBC.ConclusionsEarly‐life wheeze comprises several disease clusters (two more severe and three mild–moderate) with differing relationships to later childhood asthma, which can be replicated over time supporting their potential validity and clinical utility.
The pivotal ripening gene SlDML2 participates in regulating disease resistance in tomato
Authors: Zhou Leilei , Gao Guangtong , Li Xiaojing , Wang Weihao , Tian Shiping , Qin Guozheng 
Published: July 2023

SummaryFruit ripening and disease resistance are two essential biological processes for quality formation and maintenance. DNA methylation, in the form of 5‐methylcytosine (5mC), has been elucidated to modulate fruit ripening, but its role in regulating fruit disease resistance remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that mutation of SlDML2, the DNA demethylase gene essential for fruit ripening, affects multiple developmental processes of tomato besides fruit ripening, including seed germination, leaf length and width and flower branching. Intriguingly, loss of SlDML2 function decreased the resistance of tomato fruits against the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed an obvious transcriptome reprogramming caused by SlDML2 mutation during B. cinerea invasion. Among the thousands of differentially expressed genes, SlβCA3 encoding a β‐carbonic anhydrase and SlFAD3 encoding a ω‐3 fatty acid desaturase were demonstrated to be transcriptionally activated by SlDML2‐mediated DNA demethylation and positively regulate tomato resistance to B. cinerea probably in the same genetic pathway with SlDML2. We further show that the pericarp tissue surrounding B. cinerea infection exhibited a delay in ripening with singnificant decrease in expression of ripening genes that are targeted by SlDML2 and increase in expression of SlβCA3 and SlFAD3. Taken together, our results uncover an essential layer of gene regulation mediated by DNA methylation upon B. cinerea infection and raise the possible that the DNA demethylase gene SlDML2, as a multifunctional gene, participates in modulating the trade‐off between fruit ripening and disease resistance.
Effects of exercise therapy on disability, mobility, and quality of life in the elderly with chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Shi-kun , Gu Mei-ling , Zhang Ting , Xu Hong , Mao Su-jie , Zhou Wen-sheng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Exercise is an effective treatment in chronic low back pain (CLBP), but there are few studies on CLBP in the elderly, and the intervention effect is controversial. We aimed to compare the efficacy of different exercises therapy on CLBP, dysfunction, quality of life, and mobility in the elderly.

Methods
We searched Web of Science, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, EMBASE, and PubMed from the database inception till December 31, 2022. The publication languages were Chinese and English. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise intervention in the elderly (≥ 60 years) with CLBP were included. Two reviewers independently extracted the data and evaluated them using the Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials 2 (RoB2). The pooled effect sizes on different aspects of outcome measures were calculated.

Results
Sixteen articles (18 RCTs) were included, comprising a total of 989 participants. The quality of included studies was relatively high. Meta-analysis results indicated that exercise therapy could improve visual analog scale (VAS) (WMD = − 1.75, 95% CI − 2.59, − 0.92, p < 0.05), Oswestry disability index (ODI) (WMD = − 9.42, 95% CI − 15.04, − 3.79, p < 0,005), short-form 36-item health survey physical composite summary (SF-36PCS) (WMD = 7.07, 95% CI 1.01, 13.14, p < 0.05), short-form 36-item health survey mental composite summary (SF-36MCS) (WMD = 7.88, 95% CI 0.09, 15.67, p < 0.05), and timed up and go test (TUG) (WMD = − 0.92, 95% CI − 2.22, 0.38, p < 0.005).

Conclusion
Exercise therapy effectively improved VAS, ODI, and SF-36 indexes in the elderly. Based on the subgroup, when designing the exercise therapy regimen, aerobics, strength, and mind–body exercise (≥ 12 weeks, ≥ 3 times/week, ≥ 60 min) should be considered carefully, to ensure the safety and effectiveness for the rehabilitation of CLBP patients. More high-quality trials are needed in future to confirm the effect of exercise on SF-36 and TUG indexes.
The impact of body mass index on the pregnancy outcomes and risk of perinatal depression: Findings from a multicenter Italian study
Authors: Ventriglio Antonio , Severo Melania , Petito Annamaria , Nappi Luigi , Iuso Salvatore , Altamura Mario , Sannicandro Valeria , Milano Eleonora , Arcidiacono Giulia , Di Salvatore Melanie , Gallone Fiammetta , De Masi Laura , Marconcini Alessia , Giannaccari Elisa , Maruotti Giuseppe , Palma Giuseppe Luigi , Vicino Mario , Perrone Antonio , Caroli Antonella , Di Pinto Isabella , Bellomo Antonello 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundBody Mass Index (BMI) is an informative factor on body fatness which has been associated to higher levels of Perinatal Depression (PD) and complications during pregnancy. We aimed to explore the impact of pre-pregnancy and postnatal BMI on the risk of Perinatal Depression and pregnancy outcomes among women recruited at their third trimester of pregnancy.MethodsWe report on findings from a large multi-centre study conducted in the South of Italy and involving 1611 women accessing three urban gynaecological departments from July to November 2020. Pregnant women were assessed at their third trimester of pregnancy (T0) and after the childbirth (T1) ;The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) has been employed for the screening of PD over time (T0 and T1) as well as other standardized measures for neuroticism, resilience, and quality of life at baseline. BMI (T0 and T1) and other socio-demographic and clinical characteristics have been collected.ResultsOver-weight and obesity (higher levels of BMI) were associated with higher risk of PD (higher scores of EPDS), higher neuroticism and poorer subjective psychological well-being among enrolled women. Also, obesity and over-weight were associated with lower education, higher number of physical comorbidities, medical treatments and complications during pregnancy.ConclusionsOver-weight and obesity may impact on mental health and pregnancy outcome of women enrolled. Psycho-educational interventions aimed to improve the management of physical and emotional issues may reduce the risk of PD and complications during pregnancy.