bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repair of complex digital soft‐tissue defects using a free composite ulnar artery perforator flap from the volar wrist
Authors: Qi Jian‐Wu , Ding Mao‐Chao , Zhang Hui , Chen Hong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDigital skin defects resulting from trauma are often associated with dysfunction of the digital nerve and the extensor and flexor tendons in the affected fingers. The repair of these complex tissue defects requires a graft containing multiple tissues that can be used to reconstruct the tendons and nerves and restore the skin. Such procedures can cause multiple injuries and significant damage to the donor site. The current study used a novel technique to repair complex dorsal and palmar digital soft‐tissue defects. First, multiple tissues were cut and collected from the donor site. Then, part of the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon was transplanted to repair the tendon defect, and a medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve graft was used to repair the digital nerve defect. Finally, a skin flap was used to cover the skin defect. This paper reports on 31 cases of complex soft‐tissue digital defects, with defect areas of 2–18 cm2. One patient presented with a postoperative arterial crisis in the flap. All other patients recovered without experiencing a vascular crisis, flap necrosis, or wound infection. The postoperative flaps were similar in texture to the original digital skin. The sensation and the extension/flexion functions in the affected fingers recovered well. The effect on grip strength, wrist flexion, and forearm sensation was minor and the postoperative total active motion scores of the affected digits were good or excellent in 96.77% of the cases. The flap sensation recovery rate was also excellent in 83.87% of the cases. The present technique facilitates the repair of multiple dorsal and palmar digital soft‐tissue, tendon and nerve defects, reduces the damage to the donor site, and significantly improves the success of surgical repair.
Demographic changes and life‐history strategies predict the genetic diversity in crabs
Authors: Peres Pedro A. , Mantelatto Fernando L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUncovering what predicts genetic diversity (GD) within species can help us access the status of populations and their evolutionary potential. Traits related to effective population size show a proportional association to GD, but evidence supports life‐history strategies and habitat as the drivers of GD variation. Instead of investigating highly divergent taxa, focusing on one group could help to elucidate the factors influencing the GD. Additionally, most empirical data is based on vertebrate taxa; therefore, we might be missing novel patterns of GD found in neglected invertebrate groups. Here, we investigated the predictors of the GD in crabs (Brachyura) by compiling the most comprehensive cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) available. Eight predictor variables were analysed across 150 species (16 992 sequences) using linear models (multiple linear regression) and comparative methods (PGLS). Our results indicate that population size fluctuation represents the most critical trait predicting GD, with species that have undergone bottlenecks followed by population expansion showing lower GD. Egg size, pelagic larval duration and habitat might play a role probably because of their association with how species respond to disturbances. Ultimately, K‐strategists that have undergone bottlenecks are the species showing lower GD. Some variables do not show an association with GD as expected, most likely due to the taxon‐specific role of some predictors, which should be considered in further investigations and generalizations. This work highlights the complexity underlying the predictors of GD and adds results from a marine invertebrate group to the current understanding of this topic.
Sulfatide‐selectin signaling in the spinal cord induces mechanical allodynia
Authors: Morita Motoki , Watanabe Shun , Nomura Natsumi , Takano‐Matsuzaki Kanako , Oyama Misa , Iwai Takashi , Tanabe Mitsuo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSulfatide is a sulfated glycosphingolipid that is present abundantly in myelin sheaths of the brain and spinal cord. It is synthesized by a cerebroside sulfotransferase encoded by Gal3st1, which catalyzes the transfer of sulfate from 3′‐phosphoadenylylsulfate to galactosylceramide. We previously reported that Gal3st1 gene expression in the spinal cord is up‐regulated 1 day after intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), indicating that sulfatide is involved in inflammatory pain. In the present study, we found that intrathecal injection of sulfatide led to mechanical allodynia. Sulfatide caused levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and nitric oxide in the spinal cord to increase. Mechanical allodynia induced by intrathecal injection of sulfatide was blocked by nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and by suppression of astrocyte activation by L‐α‐aminoadipate. These results suggest that sulfatide‐induced mechanical allodynia involved glial activation and nitric oxide production. Blocking selectin, a sulfatide‐binding protein, with bimosiamose attenuated sulfatide‐induced allodynia and ameliorated CFA‐induced mechanical allodynia during inflammatory pain. Finally, elevated levels of sulfatide concentration in the spinal cord were observed during CFA‐induced inflammatory pain. The elevated sulfatide levels enhanced selectin activation in the spinal cord, resulting in mechanical allodynia. Our data suggest that sulfatide‐selectin interaction plays a key role in inflammatory pain.image
Anatomical basis for contribution of hip joint motion by the obturator internus to defaecation/urinary functions by the levator ani via the obturator fascia
Authors: Muro Satoru , Nimura Akimoto , Ibara Takuya , Chikazawa Kenro , Nakazawa Masataka , Akita Keiichi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe functional association between hip joint motion and defaecation/urinary function has attracted considerable research and clinical attention owing to the potential novel approaches for pelvic floor rehabilitation; however, the anatomical basis remains unclear. This study, therefore, aimed to analyse the anatomical basis of force transmission between the obturator internus, a muscle of the hip joint, and the levator ani, a muscle of the pelvic floor. Twenty‐three cadavers were used for macroscopic and histological analyses. The three‐dimensional structures of the muscles and fascia were recorded using a high‐definition camera and a 3D scanner. The arrangement and attachment of the muscle fibres, tendons and fascia were visualised using histological sections stained with Masson's trichrome. The obturator internus and levator ani were in broad contact through the obturator fascia. The height of their contact area was 24.6 ± 9.1 mm. Histologically, the obturator internus and levator ani shared a large area of the obturator fascia, and the obturator fascia provided the attachment of several muscle layers of the levator ani. The contribution of hip joint motion to defaecation/urinary function can be explained by the broad ‘planar’ contact between the obturator internus and levator ani. This anatomical feature suggests that movement of the obturator internus creates the foundation for the function of the levator ani and contributes to pelvic floor support through the obturator fascia. This study provides an anatomical basis for the effectiveness of the hip muscles in improving defaecation/urinary function by enabling balanced and proper movements.
Associations between insomnia symptoms and functional connectivity in the UK Biobank cohort (n = 29,423)
Authors: Holub Florian , Petri Roxana , Schiel Julian , Feige Bernd , Rutter Martin K. , Tamm Sandra , Riemann Dieter , Kyle Simon D. , Spiegelhalder Kai 
Published: December 2022

SummaryAn increasing number of studies harness resting‐state fMRI functional connectivity analysis to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms of insomnia. The results to date are inconsistent and the detection of minor and widely distributed alterations in functional connectivity requires large sample sizes. The present study investigated associations between insomnia symptoms and resting‐state functional connectivity at the whole‐brain level in the largest sample to date. This cross‐sectional analysis used resting‐state imaging data from the UK Biobank, a large scale, population‐based biomedical database. The analysis included 29,423 participants (age: 63.1 ± 7.5 years, 54.3% female), comprising 9210 with frequent insomnia symptoms and 20,213 controls without. Linear models were adjusted for relevant clinical, imaging, and socio‐demographic variables. The Akaike information criterion was used for model selection. Multiple comparisons were corrected using the false discovery rate with a significance level of q < 0.05. Frequent insomnia symptoms were associated with increased connectivity within the default mode network and frontoparietal network, increased negative connectivity between the default mode network and the frontoparietal network, and decreased connectivity between the salience network and a node of the default mode network. Furthermore, frequent insomnia symptoms were associated with altered functional connectivity between nodes comprising sensory areas and the cerebellum. These functional alterations of brain networks may underlie dysfunctional affective and cognitive processing in insomnia and contribute to subjectively and objectively impaired sleep. However, it must be noted that the item that was used to assess frequent insomnia symptoms in this study did not assess all the characteristics of clinically diagnosed insomnia.
Performance of algorithms for identifying patients with chronic hepatitis B or C infection in the french health insurance claims databases using the ANRS CO22 HEPATHER cohort
Authors: Lam Laurent , Fontaine Hélène , Lapidus Nathanael , Bellet Jonathan , Lusivika‐Nzinga Clovis , Nicol Jérôme , Dorival Céline , Cagnot Carole , Hejblum Gilles , Pol Stanislas , Bourlière Marc , Carrat Fabrice ,   for the ANRS/AFEF HEPATHER Study Group
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe validity of algorithms for identifying patients with chronic hepatitis B or C virus (HBV or HCV) infection in claims databases has been little explored. The performance of 15 algorithms was evaluated. Data from HBV‐ or HCV‐infected patients enrolled between August 2012 and December 2015 in French hepatology centres (ANRS CO22 HEPATHER cohort) were individually linked to the French national health insurance system (SNDS). The SNDS covers 99% of the French population and contains healthcare reimbursement data. Performance metrics were calculated by comparing the viral status established by clinicians with those obtained with the algorithms identifying chronic HBV‐ and HCV‐infected patients. A total of 14 751 patients (29% with chronic HBV and 63% with chronic HCV infection) followed‐up until December 2018 were selected. Despite good specificity, the algorithms relying on ICD‐10 codes performed poorly. By contrast, the multi‐criteria algorithms combining ICD‐10 codes, antiviral dispensing, laboratory diagnostic tests (HBV DNA or HCV RNA detection and quantification, HCV genotyping), examinations for the assessment of liver fibrosis and long‐term disease registrations were the most effective (sensitivity 0.92, 95% CI, 0.91–0.93 and specificity 0.96, 95% CI, 0.95–0.96 for identifying chronic HBV‐infected patients; sensitivity 0.94, 95% CI, 0.94–0.94 and specificity 0.85, 95% CI, 0.84–0.86 for identifying chronic HCV‐infected patients). In conclusion, the multi‐criteria algorithms perform well in identifying patients with chronic hepatitis B or C infection and can be used to estimate the magnitude of the public health burden associated with hepatitis B and C in France.
Hepatitis C care cascade before and during the direct‐acting antiviral eras in New South Wales, Australia: A population‐based linkage study
Authors: Yousafzai Mohammad T. , Alavi Maryam , Valerio Heather , Hajarizadeh Behzad , Grebely Jason , Dore Gregory J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe hepatitis C virus (HCV) care cascade characterization is important for monitoring progress towards HCV elimination. This study evaluated HCV care cascade and factors associated with treatment during pre‐DAA (2011–2012 and 2013–2015) and DAA (2016–2018) eras in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. We conducted a cohort study of people with an HCV notification (1993 to 2017) through end 2018, linked to administrative datasets, including HCV treatment and non‐hospital services. Those aged <18 years, died within first 6 months of study period or notification, and who had successful HCV treatment in period before were excluded. Sex‐specific spontaneous viral clearance was incorporated to estimate treatment‐eligible population. The study population in each period were cumulative and brought forward from one period to the next. Among 115,667 people with HCV notification, 87,063 fulfilled eligibility criteria. During 2011 to 2012, 2013 to 2015, and 2016 to 2018, cumulative HCV notifications were 71,677, 77,969, and 80,017; 52,016, 56,793, and 57,467 were eligible for treatment; 29%, 48%, and 64% confirmed HCV RNA positive; and 0.6%, 5%, and 38% initiated HCV treatment, respectively. Birth cohort 1945 to 1964 (vs. ≥1965), males, non‐Aboriginal ethnicity, regional/rural area of residence, and HCV/HIV co‐infection were associated with higher treatment uptake. Incarceration and drug dependence were associated with higher treatment uptake during the DAA era. In Australia, many marginalized populations including those incarcerated and those with drug dependence have equitable treatment uptake in the DAA era. Targeted strategies are required to enhance treatment uptake for females and Aboriginal populations.
Success factors of great oceanic dispersers: Case of Squamata in the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Escoriza D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Pacific Ocean is the largest in the world, and it contains many remote archipelagos, some of which are distant more than 4000 km from continents. Despite their isolation, these archipelagos harbour diverse assemblages of squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes), and these species differ greatly in their dispersal ranges. This study tested the hypothesis that there is a spatial effect on the variation among species in dispersal ability and that it is also associated with the evolutionary relationships among species and their life‐history strategies (body size and reproductive mode). The results indicated greater spatial than phylogenetic effects on the variables describing interspecific dispersal. The unisexual reproduction mode in squamates is not associated with a greater ability to colonize than sexual species that rely on similar mechanisms of dispersal. The higher reproductive rate of unisexual taxa might be initially advantageous for establishment on remote oceanic islands because of the unlikely arrival of sexual congenerics, which are frequently superior competitors in island ecosystems. Body size tends to exert a negative effect on the dispersal capacity of island squamates, but this relationship is positive in a subgroup of recently introduced commensal species.
Raman instrument calibration for astromaterials and analysis of Mars return samples
Authors: Jakubek Ryan Scott , Fries Marc D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe study of astromaterials generally involves the distribution of limited sample to many laboratories for analysis. Maximum scientific yield for a sample occurs when the data and results from different studies are examined as a collective. This collective examination of results will be particularly important for upcoming sample return missions including Mars sample return and OSIRIS‐REx. When comparing results across laboratories, instrument calibration is of key importance. For Raman data, this includes the calibration of all three Raman band parameters: peak wavenumber position, bandwidth, and intensity. Although wavenumber is routinely calibrated, bandwidth and intensity are not; though they are commonly compared across studies. In addition, Raman instrument calibration is time dependent. An understanding of the time dependence of instrument calibration is important for proper calibration. Here, we use a mixture of well‐established and recently developed calibration techniques to propose a standard method of calibrating Raman astromaterial data across laboratories to maximize the scientific value of the data.
Interaction between cucumber green mottle mosaic virus MP and CP promotes virus systemic infection
Authors: Shi Ya‐Juan , Yang Xue , Yang Ling‐Ling , Li Qing‐Lun , Liu Xiao‐Min , Han Xiao‐Yu , Gu Qin‐Sheng , Li Hong‐Lian , Chen Lin‐Lin , Liu Yiqing , Shi Yan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe movement protein (MP) and coat protein (CP) of tobamoviruses play critical roles in viral cell‐to‐cell and long‐distance movement, respectively. Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) is a member of the genus Tobamovirus. The functions of CGMMV MP and CP during viral infection remain largely unclear. Here, we show that CGMMV MP can interact with CP in vivo, and the amino acids at positions 79–128 in MP are vital for the MP–CP interaction. To confirm this finding, we mutated five conserved residues within the residue 79–128 region and six other conserved residues flanking this region, followed by in vivo interaction assays. The results showed that the conserved threonine residue at the position 107 in MP (MPT107) is important for the MP–CP interaction. Substitution of T107 with alanine (MPT107A) delayed CGMMV systemic infection in Nicotiana benthamiana plants, but increased CGMMV local accumulation. Substitutions of another 10 conserved residues, not responsible for the MP–CP interaction, with alanine inhibited or abolished CGMMV systemic infection, suggesting that these 10 conserved residues are possibly required for the MP movement function through a CP‐independent manner. Moreover, two movement function‐associated point mutants (MPF17A and MPD97A) failed to cause systemic infection in plants without impacting on the MP–CP interaction. Furthermore, we have found that co‐expression of CGMMV MP and CP increased CP accumulation independent of the interaction. MP and CP interaction inhibits the salicylic acid‐associated defence response at an early infection stage. Taken together, we propose that the suppression of host antiviral defence through the MP–CP interaction facilitates virus systemic infection.
Impact of stable environments on maltreated children
Authors: Koizumi Michiko , Tomoda Akemi , Takiguchi Shinichiro , Kosaka Hirotaka 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe development of the ability to understand others' facial expressions is thought to be dependent on the environment in which one has been reared.MethodsThis study compared the ability to understand others' facial expressions between 15 children who were in an unstable environment, 11 children who had been maltreated before and were in a stable environment, like a foster family, and 33 children who had never been maltreated. We used the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) as measure.ResultsChildren who were in an unstable environment scored higher on the RMET than children who had never been maltreated.ConclusionsThe results suggested that hypersensitivity to others' facial expressions might be an adaptive response to a harmful environment and that it might decline when in a stable environment because such sensitivity is no longer needed.
Ultrasound‐guided femoral vascular access in pediatric cardiac catheterization
Authors: Go Kiyotaka , Kojima Taiki , Watanabe Fumio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn pediatric catheterization, the palpation and landmark (PL) technique is widely used for femoral arterial and venous (FAV) cannulation. Over the past decade, the ultrasound‐guided (US) technique has replaced the PL technique. This study aimed to assess the clinical impact of application of the US technique on the success rate and completion time of FAV cannulation during cardiac catheterization in children.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study of consecutive pediatric patients who underwent cardiac catheterization in a tertiary care children's hospital from April 2016 to March 2022. The association between FAV cannulation success rate and the US technique was analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis by adjusting for potential confounders, including patient and operator characteristics and procedural details.ResultsA total of 749 patients (PL, 378; US, 371) were analyzed. The odds ratio (OR) of the US technique success rate for FAV cannulation was 2.03, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10–3.73; p = 0.02. The OR of the cannulation success rate of children aged <1 year was 0.16 (95% CI, 0.03–0.97; p = 0.046).ConclusionsThe US‐guided technique was associated with an increased success rate of FAV cannulation, compared with the PL technique. Moreover, age < 1 year was an independent factor associated with a lower success rate of FAV cannulation. The US‐guided technique might be an effective procedure in FAV cannulation during cardiac catheterization in children.
Transmission properties of space‐time modulated metamaterials
Authors: Ammari Habib , Cao Jinghao , Zeng Xinmeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe prove the possibility of achieving exponentially growing wave propagation in space‐time modulated media and give an asymptotic analysis of the quasifrequencies in terms of the amplitude of the time modulation at the degenerate points of the folded band structure. Our analysis provides the first proof of existence of k‐gaps in the band structures of space‐time modulated systems of subwavelength resonators.
Safety and accuracy of blind vs. ultrasound‐guided dorsal retrobulbar nerve blocks in horses—A cadaveric study
Authors: Thieme Katharina , Mesquita Luis , Lieberth Simona , Dancker Christian , Doherr Marcus Georg , Eule Johanna Corinna 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThere is limited knowledge regarding the safety and accuracy of ultrasound‐guided retrobulbar nerve blocks in horses. The aim of this study was to compare these parameters between blind and ultrasound‐guided injection techniques for the dorsal retrobulbar nerve block in horses.MethodsEquine cadaver heads were used to inject the retrobulbar space with contrast medium (CM). Injections were performed either blindly based on anatomic landmarks (blind group, n = 44) or under ultrasonographic guidance (US‐group, n = 44), equally divided between an experienced and unexperienced operator. Needle position and distribution of CM were assessed with computed tomography imaging and evaluated by a board‐certified veterinary diagnostic imager blinded to the technique. Safety and accuracy of both techniques were compared.ResultsOcular penetration was observed in two cases (n = 2/44) in the blind group but not in the US group (n = 0/44). No intrathecal, intraneural, or intravascular injections were seen in either group. Safety was significantly improved in the US group (p = .026). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the accuracy of the injection. Excellent accuracy was achieved more often with the ultrasound‐guided technique (n = 11/22) than with the blind technique (n = 7/22) when performed by the unexperienced operator, but this difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionTo prevent globe‐threatening complications and improve the safety of the injection, we recommend using the ultrasound‐guided injection technique for the dorsal retrobulbar nerve block.