bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Global Variance Effective Size of Subdivided Populations, and Its Relation to Other Effective Sizes
Authors: Hössjer Ola , Laikre Linda , Ryman Nils 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe variance effective population size ($$N_{eV}$$

N

eV

) is frequently used to quantify the expected rate at which a population’s allele frequencies change over time. The purpose of this paper is to find expressions for the global $$N_{eV}$$

N

eV

of a spatially structured population that are of interest for conservation of species. Since $$N_{eV}$$

N

eV

depends on allele frequency change, we start by dividing the cause of allele frequency change into genetic drift within subpopulations (I) and a second component mainly due to migration between subpopulations (II). We investigate in detail how these two components depend on the way in which subpopulations are weighted as well as their dependence on parameters of the model such a migration rates, and local effective and census sizes. It is shown that under certain conditions the impact of II is eliminated, and $$N_{eV}$$

N

eV

of the metapopulation is maximized, when subpopulations are weighted proportionally to their long term reproductive contributions. This maximal $$N_{eV}$$

N

eV

is the sought for global effective size, since it approximates the gene diversity effective size $$N_{eGD}$$

N

eGD

, a quantifier of the rate of loss of genetic diversity that is relevant for conservation of species and populations. We also propose two novel versions of $$N_{eV}$$

N

eV

, one of which (the backward version of $$N_{eV}$$

N

eV

) is most stable, exists for most populations, and is closer to $$N_{eGD}$$

N

eGD

than the classical notion of $$N_{eV}$$

N

eV

. Expressions for the optimal length of the time interval for measuring genetic change are developed, that make it possible to estimate any version of $$N_{eV}$$

N

eV

with maximal accuracy.
A constraint programming model for the scheduling and workspace layout design of a dual-arm multi-tool assembly robot
Authors: Wessén Johan , Carlsson Mats , Schulte Christian , Flener Pierre , Pecora Federico , Matskin Mihhail 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe generation of a robot program can be seen as a collection of sub-problems, where many combinations of some of these sub-problems are well studied. The performance of a robot program is strongly conditioned by the location of the tasks. However, the scope of previous methods does not include workspace layout design, likely missing high-quality solutions. In industrial applications, designing robot workspace layout is part of the commissioning. We broaden the scope and show how to model a dual-arm multi-tool robot assembly problem. Our model includes more robot programming sub-problems than previous methods, as well as workspace layout design. We propose a constraint programming formulation in MiniZinc that includes elements from scheduling and routing, extended with variable task locations. We evaluate the model on realistic assembly problems and workspaces, utilizing the dual-arm YuMi robot from ABB Ltd. We also evaluate redundant constraints and various formulations for avoiding arm-to-arm collisions. The best model variant quickly finds high-quality solutions for all problem instances. This demonstrates the potential of our approach as a valuable tool for a robot programmer.
Understanding the Gap Between Union Sentiment and Union Joining: A Moderated Mediated Psychological Model of Willingness to Join
Authors: Mellor Steven 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStemming from recent national U.S. polls that indicate a notable gap between feelings about unions and willingness to act in accordance with a union, we proposed and tested a psychological model to address the apparent disconnect between sentiment and action. As an internal process model featuring emotional elements, we hypothesized that negative social emotions perceived to be encouraged by unions relate to willingness to join a union, in which the link between emotions and willingness to join unfolds through union intolerance. Drawing from psychodynamics, we proposed that the linking mechanism for the hypothesized mediation is a case example of projection. We demonstrated the fit of the model based on survey data collected from nonunion employees (N = 385), and further detailed the fit in relation to hypothesized moderated mediation to show conditions under which: (a) projection is more likely, and (b) intolerance linked to willingness to join is more negative. Discussed are model results that bear on future model expansions and applications.
A Synchronized Two-Dimensional $\alpha $–$\Omega $ Model of the Solar Dynamo
Authors: Klevs M. , Stefani F. , Jouve L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe consider a conventional $\alpha $
α
–$\Omega $
Ω
-dynamo model with meridional circulation that exhibits typical features of the solar dynamo, including a Hale-cycle period of around 20 years and a reasonable shape of the butterfly diagram. With regard to recent ideas of a tidal synchronization of the solar cycle, we complement this model by an additional time-periodic $\alpha $
α
-term that is localized in the tachocline region. It is shown that amplitudes of some decimeters per second are sufficient for this $\alpha $
α
-term to become capable of entraining the underlying dynamo. We argue that such amplitudes of $\alpha $
α
may indeed be realistic, since velocities in the range of m s−1 are reachable, e.g., for tidally excited magneto–Rossby waves.
A Highly Active and Reusable Multicomponent high Entropy Metal Oxide Catalyst for Nitroarenes Hydrogenation
Authors: Soltani Nayereh , Rahman Jamil Ur , Carvalho Patricia Almeida , Finstad Terje G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIt is well known that multicomponent catalysts can improve catalytic performance, however their rational design and precise control of catalytic activities by varying the composition of the elements is challenging. Herein, we present a facile and scalable synthetic strategy for production of senary and septenary metal oxide nanoparticles with a chemical composition of MSbOx and MSb2Ox (M: Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, and Zn). All samples were formed in a tetragonal crystal structure with space group 136 and crystallographic symmetry P42/mnm while the details of their constituent unit cells are different, belonging to rutile or trirutile structures. These nanocomposites have an oxygen vacancy-rich construction with uniform elemental distributions that produce various surface functionalities. They showed instantaneous hydrogenation catalytic performance for reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol at room temperature. Among our samples, the senary catalyst with MSbOx chemical composition showed better durability and reusability owning to its morphological and microstructural properties. It showed 100% conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol within 4 min at the 18th run without any by-products.
Advancing database security: a comprehensive systematic mapping study of potential challenges
Authors: Iqbal Asif , Khan Siffat Ullah , Niazi Mahmood , Humayun Mamoona , Sama Najm Us , Khan Arif Ali , Ahmad Aakash 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe value of data to a company means that it must be protected. When it comes to safeguarding their local and worldwide databases, businesses face a number of challenges. To systematically review the literature to highlight the difficulties in establishing, implementing, and maintaining secure databases. In order to better understand database system problems, we did a systematic mapping study (SMS). We’ve analyzed 100 research publications from different digital libraries and found 20 issues after adopting inclusion and exclusion criteria. This SMS study aimed to identify the most up-to-date research in database security and the different challenges faced by users/clients using various databases from a software engineering perspective. In total, 20 challenges were identified related to database security. Our results show that “weak authorization system”, “weak access control”, “privacy issues/data leakage”, “lack of NOP security”, and “database attacks” as the most frequently cited critical challenges. Further analyses were performed to show different challenges with respect to different phases of the software development lifecycle, venue of publications, types of database attacks, and active research institutes/universities researching database security. The organizations should implement adequate mitigation strategies to address the identified database challenges. This research will also provide a direction for new research in this area.
Where didwergo? Lexical variation and change in third-person male adult noun referents in Old and Middle English
Authors: Stratton James M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe present study uses variationist quantitative methods to examine the evolution of the semantic field of third-person male adult noun referents from Old English to Middle English, covering a time depth of approximately six hundred years. Results show a shift from the favored variantwerin Old English tomanin Middle English, with the diachronic change in frequency following a prototypical s-shaped distribution. Although the replacement seems to take centuries to be complete, lexical frequency and written transmission are proposed as influential explanatory factors, and a homonymic clash is suggested to have accelerated the process of replacement in Middle English. Text type and text origin contribute to variation, with alliteration significantly influencing lexical choices in Old English verse texts. When combined with findings from recent synchronic work, this study highlights a heterogeneously structured semantic domain, which has undergone lexical replacement and change over time, providing some evidence for the applicability of s-shaped patterns for lexical change.
Perfusion index in newborns with CHD without clinical signs of hypoperfusion and heart failure: comparison with healthy newborns
Authors: Argun Mustafa , Sunkak Süleyman , Elmalı Ferhan , Keskin Şuayip , Narin Nazmi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroduction:Peripheral perfusion index has been proposed as a possible method for detecting circulatory impairment. We aimed to determine the normal range of peripheral perfusion index in healthy newborns and compare it with that of newborns with CHD.Methods:Right-hand saturation and right-hand peripheral perfusion index levels were recorded, and physical examination and echocardiography were performed in newborns who were 0–28 days old and whom were evaluated in our paediatric cardiology outpatient clinic. The saturation and peripheral perfusion index levels of newborns with normal heart anatomy and function were compared with those of newborns with CHD.Results:Out of 358 newborns (238 mature and 75 premature) enrolled in the study, 39 had CHD (20 mild CHD, 13 moderate CHD, and 6 severe CHD), of which 29 had CHD with left-to-right shunting, 5 had obstructive CHD, and 5 had cyanotic CHD. No newborn had clinical signs of hypoperfusion or heart failure, such as prolonged capillary refill, weakened pulses, or coldness of extremities. Peripheral perfusion index level was median (interquartile range) 1.7 (0.6) in healthy newborns, 1.8 (0.7) in newborns with mild CHD, and 1.8 (0.4) in newborns with moderate and severe CHD, and there was no significant difference between the groups regarding peripheral perfusion index level.Conclusion:Peripheral perfusion index remains unchanged in newborns with CHD without the clinical signs of hypoperfusion or heart failure. Larger studies with repeated peripheral perfusion index measurements can determine how valuable this method will be in the follow-up of newborns with CHD.
EXACT SOLUTIONS OF HYPERBOLIC REACTION-DIFFUSION EQUATIONS IN TWO DIMENSIONS
Authors: BROADBRIDGE P. , GOARD J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExact solutions are constructed for a class of nonlinear hyperbolic reaction-diffusion equations in two-space dimensions. Reduction of variables and subsequent solutions follow from a special nonclassical symmetry that uncovers a conditionally integrable system, equivalent to the linear Helmholtz equation. The hyperbolicity is commonly associated with a speed limit due to a delay,
$\tau $
, between gradients and fluxes. With lethal boundary conditions on a circular domain wherein a species population exhibits logistic growth of Fisher–KPP type with equal time lag, the critical domain size for avoidance of extinction does not depend on
$\tau $
. A diminishing exact solution within a circular domain is also constructed, when the reaction represents a weak Allee effect of Huxley type. For a combustion reaction of Arrhenius type, the only known exact solution that is finite but unbounded is extended to allow for a positive
$\tau $
.
CB1R blockade unmasks TRPV1-mediated contextual fear generalization in female, but not male rats
Authors: Huckleberry Kylie A. , Calitri Roberto , Li Anna J. , Mejdell Mackenna , Singh Ashna , Bhutani Vasvi , Laine Mikaela A. , Nastase Andrei S. , Morena Maria , Hill Matthew N. , Shansky Rebecca M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that the neurobiological processes that govern learning and memory can be different in males and females, but many of the specific mechanisms underlying these sex differences have not been fully defined. Here we investigated potential sex differences in endocannabinoid (eCB) modulation of Pavlovian fear conditioning and extinction, examining multiple defensive behaviors, including shock responsivity, conditioned freezing, and conditioned darting. We found that while systemic administration of drugs acting on eCB receptors did not influence the occurrence of darting, females that were classified as Darters responded differently to the drug administration than those classified as Non-darters. Most notably, CB1R antagonist AM251 produced an increase in cue-elicited freezing and context generalization selectively in female Non-darters that persisted across extinction and extinction retrieval tests but was prevented by co-administration of TRPV1R antagonist Capsazepine. To identify a potential synaptic mechanism for these sex differences, we next employed biochemical and neuroanatomical tracing techniques to quantify anandamide (AEA), TRPV1R, and perisomatic CB1R expression, focusing on the ventral hippocampus (vHip) given its known role in mediating contextual fear generalization. These assays identified sex-specific effects of both fear conditioning-elicited AEA release and vHip-BLA circuit structure. Together, our data support a model in which sexual dimorphism in vHip-BLA circuitry promotes a female-specific dependence on CB1Rs for context processing that is sensitive to TRPV1-mediated disruption when CB1Rs are blocked.
Estimation of the effect of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab on pulmonary arterial hypertension using computed tomography in HCC patients
Authors: Kondo Takayuki , Fujiwara Kisako , Nakagawa Miyuki , Fujimoto Kentaro , Yumita Sae , Ishino Takamasa , Ogawa Keita , Iwanaga Terunao , Koroki Keisuke , Kanzaki Hiroaki , Inoue Masanori , Kobayashi Kazufumi , Kiyono Soichiro , Nakamura Masato , Kanogawa Naoya , Ogasawara Sadahisa , Nakamoto Shingo , Chiba Tetsuhiro , Kato Jun , Kato Naoya 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe effect of the combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab (Atez/Bev) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is unknown. Estimation of PAH by using computed tomography (CT) has recently been proposed. Thus, we aimed to estimate the effect of Atez/Bev on PAH using CT. Altogether, 113 patients who received Atez/Bev for HCC were enrolled. Probable PAH was defined as the diameter of the main pulmonary artery (mPA-D) ≥ 33 mm, whereas suspicious PAH was defined as mPA-D ≥ 29 mm or mPA-D/the diameter of the ascending aorta (aAo-D) ≥ 1.0. Before treatment, probable/suspicious PAH were diagnosed in 7 (6.7%)/22 (21.0%) patients, respectively. mPA-D and mPA-D/aAo-D significantly increased after induction of Atez/Bev. The increment of mPA-D was correlated with the occurrence of post-treatment respiratory/heart failure. In analysis of 55 patients who underwent CT at 3 months after the last dose of Atez/Bev, mPA-D and mPA-D/aAo-D significantly decreased. However, in the group with continuous treatment of other molecular-targeted drugs after Atez/Bev, mPA-D and mPA-D/aAo-D showed no significant change. In conclusion, PAH may not be a rare complication in patients with HCC and should be managed carefully because of the possible negative effect of Atez/Bev on PAH.
Does it matter how I stream? Comparative analysis of livestreaming marketing formats on Amazon Live
Authors: Asante Isaac Owusu , Jiang Yushi , Luo Xiao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLivestreaming commerce has become a shopping option following the outbreak of COVID-19, and many sellers have adopted livestreaming marketing to increase their sales and market share. Although livestreaming marketing offers many opportunities, sellers face the challenge of identifying an effective product demonstration format to attract more viewers and increase engagement behaviors during livestreaming sessions. Based on social capital and signaling theories, this study evaluates the relationships among social capital acquisition, social endorsement, and consumer engagement constructs across three different livestreaming marketing product demonstration formats. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) multivariate analysis shows that social capital acquisition and endorsement positively affect consumer engagement across all livestreaming formats. A cross-case assessment based on Henseler’s bootstrap-based multigroup analysis reveals that although the preference for the interview livestreaming marketing format is lower, it is more efficient in attracting consumer engagement than the tutorial and behind-the-scenes livestreaming marketing formats. This study is thus the first in the scientific literature to examine consumer engagement’s antecedents across different livestreaming marketing formats.
Implementation of an in-reach rehabilitation program can increase the rate of discharge home from acute hospital care
Authors: Wu Jane , Shiner Christine T. , Faux Steven G. , Watanabe Yuriko 
Published: July 2023

Objective This study describes how a model of early rehabilitation (‘in-reach rehabilitation’) can be integrated into acute care provision for hospitalised patients with high rehabilitation needs. This pragmatic evaluation aimed to assess service impact on home discharge rates from acute care. Methods An integrated early rehabilitation service was implemented at a tertiary teaching hospital in Sydney, Australia. Eligible patients were screened, placed on a waitlist, and treated in order of debility (six to eight patients concurrently). Routine data were collected and compared between those who received an in-reach rehabilitation program, and controls who remained on waitlist. Results From December 2021 to September 2022, 229 patients were identified as suitable for in-reach rehabilitation; of whom 100 received an in-reach program and the remaining 129 were waitlist controls. Patients who received in-reach rehabilitation achieved a significantly higher rate of discharge home from acute care compared to waitlist controls (46.0% vs 24.0%, P = 0.002) and lower rates of transfer to subacute inpatient rehabilitation (43.0% vs 62.0%). This was despite in-reach patients having high functional care needs (60% needed assistance from ≥two people to mobilise) and complex medical needs (median hospital length of stay 44.5 days, IQR 27.8–66.0). Conclusions It is feasible to deliver in-reach rehabilitation to hospitalised patients with heterogeneous diagnoses who have high rehabilitation needs. The rate of discharge home directly from acute wards is higher among those patients who received early in-reach rehabilitation compared to those on a waitlist.
Shielding Analysis of a Preclinical Bremsstrahlung X-ray FLASH Radiotherapy System within a Clinical Radiation Therapy Vault
Authors: Rosenstrom Andrew , Santana-Leitner Mario , Rokni Sayed , Shumail Muhammad , Tantawi Sami , Kwofie John , Dewji Shaheen , Loo Billy W. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A preclinical radiotherapy system producing FLASH dose rates with 12 MV bremsstrahlung x rays is being developed at Stanford University and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. Because of the high expected workload of 6,800 Gy w−1 at the isocenter, an efficient shielding methodology is needed to protect operators and the public while the preclinical system is operated in a radiation therapy vault designed for 6 MV x rays. In this study, an analysis is performed to assess the shielding of the local treatment head and radiation vault using the Monte Carlo code FLUKA and the empirical methodology given in the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements Report 151. Two different treatment head shielding designs were created to compare single-layer and multilayer shielding methodologies using high-Z and low-Z materials. The multilayered shielding methodology produced designs with a 17% reduction in neutron fluence leaking from the treatment head compared to the single layered design of the same size, resulting in a decreased effective dose to operators and the public. The conservative assumptions used in the empirical methods can lead to over-shielding when treatment heads use polyethylene or multilayered shielding. High-Z/Low-Z multilayered shielding optimized via Monte Carlo is shown to be effective in the case of treatment head shielding and provide more effective shielding design for external beam radiotherapy systems that use 12 MV bremsstrahlung photons. Modifications to empirical methods used in the assessment of MV radiotherapy systems may be warranted to capture the effects of polyethylene in treatment head shielding.
Digital Nursing Quality Management: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Han Lin , Bai Xinrui , Zhang Hongyan , An Ning 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe rapid advancements in digital technology and its increasing integration into healthcare create an opportunity to leverage these innovations for enhancing nursing quality management.ObjectiveThis paper aims to report the results of a concept analysis of digital nursing quality management.MethodsRodgers’ Evolutionary Method of concept analysis was used to examine the attributes, antecedents, consequences, and related concepts of digital nursing quality management.ResultsDigital Nursing Quality Management is a strategic management approach that systematically utilizes evolving digital technology to pursue optimal nursing quality, guided by the timeless principle of humanistic care. The defining attributes are human-machine collaborativeness, interactive empowerment, and digital ecosystem.ConclusionsDigital nursing quality management is not a mere amalgamation of separate components but a dynamic ecosystem shaped by individual, organizational, and technological factors.