bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental analysis and RSM-based optimization of friction stir welding joints made of the alloys AA6101 and C11000
Authors: Pratap Kumar J , Raj Anil , Kulandaivel Arul , Kumar Lakshmana , V Mohanavel , Ravichandran M , Rout IvanSunit , Prasath S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the present study, the evaluation of FSW input parameters on output response ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the friction stir welded AA6101-C11000 joint is in agreement. The response surface methodology (RSM) was adapted for generating the mathematical regression equation to predict the UTS and to develop the FSW parameters to attain the highest UTS of the FSW joints. The central composite design (CCD) method from RSM with five levels and three factors, i.e., tool rotational speed, feed rate, and tool offset used to conduct and minimize the number of tests. During FSW, base sheet cu (hard metal) was stationed on the advancing side (+1 mm, +1.68 mm tool offset) and the base sheet Al (soft metal) on the retreating side (−1 mm, −1.68 mm tool offset). The radiography studies were accomplished to inspect the internal flaws of the FSW joints (Al-Cu).The XRD and SEM investigation of the ruptured specimens during the tensile test to evaluate the IMCs phase anatomy and fracture analysis. The maximum UTS value measured during the experimental work was 142.69 MPa at 1000 rpm, 40 mm min−1, and −1.68 mm tool offset. The highest joint efficiency obtained was 82% compared with the AA6101 UTS value. RSM adapted for this work was 92% accurate and satisfactory.
MetaAttention model: a new approach for skin lesion diagnosis using AB features and attention mechanism
Authors: To Hung Duy , Nguyen Huy Gia , Le Hang Thi Thuy , Le Hung Minh , Quan Tho Thanh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ozone depletion has always been a hot crisis around the globe. Its consequence is the increase in ultraviolet radiation at the surface in many regions and countries, which then causes danger to the human immune system, eyes, and especially skin - the part that is directly exposed most to the sunlight. According to the World Health Organization, the number of cases of skin cancer is higher than that of breast, prostate, and lung cancer combined. Therefore, there has been a lot of research to apply deep learning models in solving the problem of skin cancer classification. This paper proposes a novel approach, named MetaAttention, aimed at improving the performance of transfer learning models for skin lesion classification. The method combines image features with patients’ metadata features using the attention mechanism, incorporating clinical knowledge related to ABCD signals to better distinguish melanoma cell carcinoma disease, which has long been a significant challenge for researchers. The experimental results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art method, EfficientNet-B4, achieving an accuracy of 89.9% with Scale-dot product MetaAttention and 90.63% with Additive MetaAttention. The method has the potential to support dermatologists in diagnosing skin lesions effectively and efficiently. Furthermore, with larger datasets, our method could be further fine-tuned to achieve even better performance on a broader range of labels.
Reproducibility study of Monte Carlo simulations for nanoparticle dose enhancement and biological modeling of cell survival curves
Authors: Velten Christian , Tomé Wolfgang A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Nanoparticle-derived radiosensitization has been investigated by several groups using Monte Carlo simulations and biological modeling. In this work we replicated the physical simulation and biological modeling of previously published research for 50 nm gold nanoparticles irradiated with monoenergetic photons, various 250 kVp photon spectra, and spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) protons. Monte Carlo simulations were performed using TOPAS and used condensed history Penelope low energy physics models for macroscopic dose deposition and interaction with the nanoparticle; simulation of the microscopic dose deposition from nanoparticle secondaries was performed using Geant4-DNA track structure physics. Biological modeling of survival fractions was performed using a local effect model-type approach for MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Physical simulation results agreed extraordinarily well at all distances (1 nm to 10 μm from nanoparticle) for monoenergetic photons and SOBP protons in terms of dose per interaction, dose kernel ratio (often labeled dose enhancement factor), and secondary electron spectra. For 250 kVp photons the influence of the gold K-edge was investigated and found to appreciably affect the results. Calculated survival fractions similarly agreed well within one order of magnitude at macroscopic doses (i.e. without nanoparticle contribution) from 1 Gy to 10 Gy. Several 250 kVp spectra were tested to find one yielding closest agreement with previous results. This highlights the importance of a detailed description of the low energy (< 150 keV) component of photon spectra used for in-silico, as well as in-vitro, and in-vivo studies to ensure reproducibility of the experiments by the scientific community. Both, Monte Carlo simulations of physical interactions of the nanoparticle with photons and protons, as well as the biological modelling of cell survival curves agreed extraordinarily well with previously published data. Further investigation of the stochastic nature of nanoparticle radiosenstiziation is ongoing.
Low-cost environment-friendly energy scavenging system
Authors: Issa Hamza , Wehbi Mohammed , Kaddour Darine 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this work is to design an energy scavenging system. The system scavenges ambient energy from indoor Wi-Fi routers. It makes use of low cost, environment-friendly and widely available corrugated cardboard substrate. The circuit design is realized on metallic layers made of low-cost copper tape. A Villard rectifier is used to convert the RF energy into dc. The measured scavenged power of the system at the power density of 10 μW cm−2 is −15.76 dBm (26.5 μW). The measured conversion efficiency is 58.6%. The presented design has the lowest cost among other similar works.
Parametric analysis and optimization of magnetic field-assisted electrochemical spark drilling (MF-ECSD)
Authors: Singh Roopa , Singh DK , Singh Jeeoot 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Electrochemical spark machining (ECSM) is gaining tremendous recognition in the research fraternity due to its ability to machine non-conductive materials and hybridize with other forms of energy (ultrasonic and magnetic). In the present work, ECSM has been hybridized with magnetic energy by adding an electromagnetic unit in the in-house developed setup of magnetic field-assisted electrochemical spark drilling (MF-ECSD), to improve the material removal rate (MRR), machining depth (MD) and overcut (OC) of sodalime glass. Due to the addition of electromagnetic component into the setup, magnetic field of varying strengths were generated near the machining zone. Effect of magnetic field on size of bubbles and in exclusion of fragments from the machining region was examined during experimentations. This study also concentrated on the effect of selected input factors such as applied voltage, NaOH concentration, tool rotational speed (TRS) and magnetic field intensity (MFI) on MRR, MD, and OC. The regression model was developed based on experimental results and further analyzed to predict the pattern of responses beyond the selected range of parameters. The experimental and analytical results were in good corroboration and all the factors were found significant for enhancing the responses. Later, the Desirability Function technique for multi-objective optimization was applied to maximize MRR and MD and minimize OC which yielded an ideal value of 40.10 V, 30 wt%, 90 rpm, and 0 Tesla with overall desirability of 0.7238.
Estimating prediction horizon of reservoir computer on L63 system when observed variables are incomplete
Authors: Huang Yu , Fu Zuntao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Reservoir computer (RC) is an attractive neural computing framework that can well predict the dynamics of chaotic systems. Previous knowledge of the RC performance is established on the case that all variables in a chaotic system are completely observed. However, in practical circumstances the observed variables from a dynamical system are usually incomplete, among which there is a lack of understanding of the RC performance. Here we utilize mean error growth curve to estimate the RC prediction horizon on the Lorenz63 system (L63), and particularly we investigate the scenario of univariate time series. Our results demonstrate that the prediction horizon of RC outperforms that of local dynamical analogs of L63, and the state-space embedding technique can improve the RC prediction in case of incomplete observations. We then test the conclusion on the more complicated systems, and extend the method to estimate the intraseasonal predictability of atmospheric circulation indices. These results could provide indications for future developments and applications of the RC.
The pharmacist’s role in reducing infusion-related phlebitis
Authors: Johnson Jessica L , Norton Cory , Fryfogle Erin , Fincher Timothy K , Burmeister Melissa A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Pharmacists oversee parenteral drug preparation and administration in hospitals, clinics, infusion centers, and home infusion settings. Infusion-related phlebitis (IRP), the most common complication of intravenous infusion therapy, significantly impacts therapeutic outcomes, patient satisfaction, cost of care, and provider workload. Here we review the major etiologies of IRP and describe potential pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for preventing and managing the condition as well as for improving vascular access health in multiple-drug administration settings.

Summary
Many parenterally administered drugs cause phlebitis due to mechanical, chemical, or infectious etiologies. Pharmacists can recommend nonpharmacological strategies to mitigate phlebitis, including ­judicious device selection and placement; adjustment of the drug concentration, flow rate, or formulation; infusion site rotation; and use of inline filters to minimize contaminant particulates. Pharmacological treatments for phlebitis include topical, local, and systemic anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents that can reduce symptom severity and prevent further treatment complications or delays.

Conclusion
Pharmacists can contribute a unique perspective to interprofessional teams tasked with making policy and formulary decisions that minimize the negative impacts of IRP on drug delivery and patient outcomes.
Do habitat fragmentation and degradation influence the strength of fine-scale spatial genetic structure in plants? A global meta-analysis
Authors: Miguel-Peñaloza Ara , Cultid-Medina Carlos A , Pérez-Alquicira Jessica , Rico Yessica 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As primarily sessile organisms, plants often show a non-random spatial distribution of genotypes over distance. This process known as fine-scale spatial genetic structure (FSGS) has been suggested through systematic reviews to depend on life form, mating system, and pollen and seed dispersal vectors, while there is no consensus on its behaviour due to external factors, such as anthropogenic habitat changes. By conducting a systematic review and global meta-analysis of empirical FSGS studies, we aimed to evaluate how anthropogenic habitat fragmentation and degradation influence the strength of FSGS in plant populations by means of the Sp statistic. Moreover, we tested how pollination and seed dispersal vectors contribute to the variation of the Sp statistic. We retrieved 243 FSGS studies from 1960 to 2020 of which only 65 were informative for the systematic review. Most empirical studies comprised outcrossers (84%) and trees (67%), with few herbs (23%) and scarce annual species (2%). In weighted meta-analyses for 116 plant populations (31 studies), we did not detect significant effects in the magnitude of effect sizes for the Sp statistic among undisturbed, degraded and fragmented habitats. Results showed significant effects for seed dispersal vectors, but not for pollination. Overall, we observed high variation among the effect sizes (not related to the goodness-of-fit of mixed models) of habitat status, pollination and seed dispersal categories, which precludes identifying biological trends on the Sp statistic. More empirical studies are needed that contrast multiple plant populations in disturbed versus undisturbed habitats, and by increasing the taxonomic groups, such as herbs and annual plants.
PascalX: a Python library for GWAS gene and pathway enrichment tests
Authors: Krefl Daniel , Brandulas Cammarata Alessandro , Bergmann Sven 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Summary
‘PascalX’ is a Python library providing fast and accurate tools for mapping SNP-wise GWAS summary statistics. Specifically, it allows for scoring genes and annotated gene sets for enrichment signals based on data from, both, single GWAS and pairs of GWAS. The gene scores take into account the correlation pattern between SNPs. They are based on the cumulative density function of a linear combination of χ2 distributed random variables, which can be calculated either approximately or exactly to high precision. Acceleration via multithreading and GPU is supported. The code of PascalX is fully open source and well suited as a base for method development in the GWAS enrichment test context.

Availability and implementation
The source code is available at https://github.com/BergmannLab/PascalX and archived under doi://10.5281/zenodo.4429922. A user manual with usage examples is available at https://bergmannlab.github.io/PascalX/.
A centre-based ambulatory care concept for hidradenitis suppurativa improves disease activity, disease burden and patient satisfaction: results from the randomized controlled EsmAiL trial
Authors: Schultheis Michael , Staubach Petra , Nikolakis Georgios , Schollenberger Lukas , Mauch Melanie  , Burckhardt Marion , Heise Marcus , Zamsheva Marina , Strobel Alexandra  , Langer Gero , Bechara Falk , Kirschner Uwe , Hennig Katharina , Kunte Christian , Goebeler Matthias , Grabbe Stephan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory disease of the inverse skin regions that occurs in young women, in particular, and affects approximately 1% of the population. Outpatient care is often inadequate and usually cannot prevent progression.

Objectives
To evaluate in the EsmAiL (‘Evaluation eines strukturierten und leitlinienbasierten multmodalen Versorgungskonzepts für Menschen mit Akne inversa’) trial whether an innovative care concept can decrease disease activity and burden, and improve patient satisfaction.

Methods
EsmAiL was conducted as a two-arm, multicentre, prospective, randomized controlled trial that included 553 adults with HS. Inclusion criteria were a minimum of three inflammatory lesions and at least a moderate impact of the disease on quality of life. The control group (CG) remained under standard care, while patients in the intervention group (IG) were treated according to a trial-specific, multimodal concept. The primary endpoint was the absolute change in International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Severity Score System (IHS4).

Results
In total, 274 patients were randomized to the IG and 279 to the CG. Altogether, 377 attended the final assessment after 12 months of intervention. Participants in the IG (n = 203) achieved a mean improvement in IHS4 of 9.3 points, while the average decrease in IHS4 in patients in the CG (n = 174) was 5.7 points (P = 0.003). Patients treated under the new care concept also reported a statistically significantly higher decrease in pain, Dermatology Life Quality Index and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores compared with those in the CG (P &lt; 0.001). Patient satisfaction was also statistically significantly higher in the IG compared with the CG (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
The establishment of standardized treatment algorithms in so-called ‘acne inversa centres’ in the ambulatory setting has a substantial, positive impact on the course of HS and significantly improves patient satisfaction.
Increased flexibility of brain dynamics in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: von Schwanenflug Nina , Koch Stefan P , Krohn Stephan , Broeders Tommy A A , Lydon-Staley David M , Bassett Dani S , Schoonheim Menno M , Paul Friedemann , Finke Carsten 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPatients with multiple sclerosis consistently show widespread changes in functional connectivity. Yet, alterations are heterogeneous across studies, underscoring the complexity of functional reorganization in multiple sclerosis. Here, we aim to provide new insights by applying a time-resolved graph-analytical framework to identify a clinically relevant pattern of dynamic functional connectivity reconfigurations in multiple sclerosis. Resting-state data from 75 patients with multiple sclerosis (N = 75, female:male ratio of 3:2, median age: 42.0 ± 11.0 years, median disease duration: 6 ± 11.4 years) and 75 age- and sex-matched controls (N = 75, female:male ratio of 3:2, median age: 40.2 ± 11.8 years) were analysed using multilayer community detection. Local, resting-state functional system and global levels of dynamic functional connectivity reconfiguration were characterized using graph-theoretical measures including flexibility, promiscuity, cohesion, disjointedness and entropy. Moreover, we quantified hypo- and hyper-flexibility of brain regions and derived the flexibility reorganization index as a summary measure of whole-brain reorganization. Lastly, we explored the relationship between clinical disability and altered functional dynamics. Significant increases in global flexibility (t = 2.38, PFDR = 0.024), promiscuity (t = 1.94, PFDR = 0.038), entropy (t = 2.17, PFDR = 0.027) and cohesion (t = 2.45, PFDR = 0.024) were observed in patients and were driven by pericentral, limbic and subcortical regions. Importantly, these graph metrics were correlated with clinical disability such that greater reconfiguration dynamics tracked greater disability. Moreover, patients demonstrate a systematic shift in flexibility from sensorimotor areas to transmodal areas, with the most pronounced increases located in regions with generally low dynamics in controls. Together, these findings reveal a hyperflexible reorganization of brain activity in multiple sclerosis that clusters in pericentral, subcortical and limbic areas. This functional reorganization was linked to clinical disability, providing new evidence that alterations of multilayer temporal dynamics play a role in the manifestation of multiple sclerosis.
Distinct encoding and post-encoding representational formats contribute to episodic sequence memory formation
Authors: Wu Xiongbo , Fuentemilla Lluís 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In episodic encoding, an unfolding experience is rapidly transformed into a memory representation that binds separate episodic elements into a memory form to be later recollected. However, it is unclear how brain activity changes over time to accommodate the encoding of incoming information. This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of the representational format that contributed to memory formation of sequential episodes. We combined representational similarity analysis and multivariate decoding approaches on EEG data to compare whether “category-level” or “item-level” representations supported memory formation during the online encoding of a picture triplet sequence and offline, in the period that immediately followed encoding. The findings revealed a gradual integration of category-level representation during the online encoding of the picture sequence and a rapid item-based neural reactivation of the encoded sequence at the episodic offset. However, we found that only memory reinstatement at episodic offset was associated with successful memory retrieval from long-term memory. These results suggest that post-encoding memory reinstatement is crucial for the rapid formation of unique memory for episodes that unfold over time. Overall, the study sheds light on the dynamics of representational format changes that take place during the formation of episodic memories.
Use of a Sustainable Livelihood Framework–Based Measure to Estimate Socioeconomic Impact of Tuberculosis on Households
Authors: Timire Collins , Pedrazzoli Debora , Boccia Delia , Houben Rein M G J , Ferrand Rashida A , Bond Virginia , Kranzer Katharina 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) disproportionally affects impoverished members of society. The adverse socioeconomic impact of TB on households is mostly measured using money-centric approaches, which have been criticized as one-dimensional and risk either overestimating or underestimating the true socioeconomic impacts of TB. We propose the use of the sustainable livelihood framework, which includes 5 household capital assets (human, financial, physical, natural, and social) and conceptualizes that households employ accumulative strategies in times of plenty and coping (survival) strategies in response to shocks such as TB.
The proposed measure ascertains to what extent the 5 capital assets are available to households affected by TB as well as the coping costs (reversible and nonreversible) that are incurred by households at different time points (intensive, continuation, and post–TB treatment phase). We assert that our approach is holistic and multidimensional and draws attention to multisectoral responses to mitigate the socioeconomic impact of TB on households.
ß-D-Glucan Assay in the Cerebrospinal Fluid for the Diagnosis of Non-cryptococcal Fungal Infection of the Central Nervous System: A Retrospective Multicentric Analysis and a Comprehensive Review of the Literature
Authors: Bigot Jeanne , Leroy Jordan , Chouaki Taieb , Cholley Laurence , Bigé Naïke , Tabone Marie-Dominique , Brissot Eolia , Thorez Sophie , Maizel Julien , Dupont Hervé , Sendid Boualem , Hennequin Christophe , Guitard Juliette 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Except for cryptococcosis, fungal infection of the central nervous system (FI-CNS) is a rare but severe complication. Clinical and radiological signs are non-specific, and the value of conventional mycological diagnosis is very low. This study aimed to assess the value of β1,3-D-glucan (BDG) detection in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of non-neonatal non-cryptococcosis patients.

Methods
Cases associated with BDG assay in the CSF performed in 3 French University Hospitals over 5 years were included. Clinical, radiological, and mycological results were used to classify the episodes as proven/highly probable, probable, excluded, and unclassified FI-CNS. Sensitivity and specificity were compared to that calculated from an exhaustive review of the literature.

Results
In total, 228 episodes consisting of 4, 7, 177, and 40 proven/highly probable, probable, excluded, and unclassified FI-CNS, respectively, were analysed. The sensitivity of BDG assay in CSF to diagnose proven/highly probable/probable FI-CNS ranged from 72.7% [95% confidence interval {CI}: 43.4%‒90.2%] to 100% [95% CI: 51%‒100%] in our study and was 82% in the literature. For the first time, specificity could be calculated over a large panel of pertinent controls and was found at 81.8% [95% CI: 75.3%‒86.8%]. Bacterial neurologic infections were associated with several false positive results

Conclusions
Despite its sub-optimal performance, BDG assay in the CSF should be added to the diagnostic armamentarium for FI-CNS.