bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction in Diagnosis of Intestinal Parasitic Infection among Anemic Pregnant Women
Authors: Gupta Vivek , Zahiruddin Quazi Syed , Gaidhane Abhay , Deshpande Prajakta , Tambekar Anil 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Intestinal parasitic infection can cause anemia in pregnant women and is a major public health problem. Ascariasis, amebiasis, hookworm, giardiasis, and trichuriasis are common intestinal infestations causing anemia. The study detects them by using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Methods:
Stool samples were collected, transported, DNA extraction was done followed by multiplex real-time PCR was performed using specific primers and probes for their detection. The results so obtained were compared with results of microscopy.

Results:
A total of 234 pregnant women were enrolled in the study, of which 82.5% were anemic. Among them, parasites were detected by multiplex real-time PCR such as Ascaris lumbricoides in 73%, Ancylostoma duodenale in 8%, Entamoeba histolytica in 17%, Giardia duodenalis in 2%, and Trichuris trichiura 0%. All pregnant women with intestinal parasitic infection were anemic. Multiplex real-time PCR showed a high detection rate as compared to microscopy (100% vs. 14.7%). Polyparasitism was detected in 11% of cases using multiplex real-time PCR.

Conclusion:
Multiplex real-time PCR enabled the detection of intestinal parasites in pregnant anemic women with distinct advantage over microscopy. It can potentially be used in an epidemiological surveillance study and can potentially influence the treatment in practice for intestinal parasitic infection causing anemia in pregnant women.
Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein or Low-Density Lipoprotein for Cardiovascular Disease in Indians
Authors: Shah Komal , Varna V. P. , Thomas Nimi Elizabeth 
Published: February 2023

Background:
We aimed to assess the association of small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) – a novel lipid marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk estimation in Indians with the meta-analysis approach.

Methods:
Various databases, namely PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE, were used to identify the prospective studies showing an association between CVD risk and lipid profile in the Indian population. Heterogeneity was assessed using Q and I
2 statistics, and data were expressed using the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results:
After database search, six eligible studies assessing levels of sdLDL and LDL in Indian patients with premature CVD were identified. Level of sdLDL was found to have positive relation with CVD risk in Indians (SMD = 1.352, 95% CI: 0.744–1.96 mg/dL, I
2 94.04%, P < 0.001) along with LDL (SMD = 0.680, 95% CI: 0.180–1.180 mg/dL) levels. However, the degree of association was greater with sdLDL.

Conclusions:
The current meta-analysis clearly identifies sdLDL as the better marker of premature CVD in Indians, especially in case of normal values of classical markers such as LDL.
Prevalence of Periodontal Disease in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in a Tertiary Centre at Kerala
Authors: Venkataraman Harithrra , Peter Maya Rajan , Sreedhar Sarala , Suresh Reshma , Vyloppillil Rajesh , Sreelakshmi M. R. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is commonly associated with periodontal disease.

Aims:
The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of periodontal diseases in female patients with PCOS in a tertiary centre at Kerala.

Subjects and Methods:
The study was held between December 2019 and December 2021 where a total of 320 female subjects in the age group of 20–35 years were included and among them 160 were PCOS diagnosed and 160 were healthy controls. Anthropometric and periodontal parameters were recorded and assessed among the groups.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Bivariate analysis between periodontal diseases and other covariant were done using Chi-square test. Those variables which were showing significant level up to 10% were taken to logistic regression model for estimating the adjusted risk for the periodontal diseases in PCOS patients.

Results:
In the PCOS group, 70 subjects (43.7%) were affected by gingivitis, 68 subjects (42.5%) were affected by mild periodontitis and 22 patients (13.7%) were diagnosed with moderate periodontitis. Gingivitis was observed in 153 subjects (95.6%) in the control group and mild periodontitis was only observed in 7 subjects (4.3%) (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
We can conclude that a dental check-up should be made mandatory in the management protocol of PCOS and the gynaecologist should also play a pivotal role along with the periodontist in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease in PCOS patients.
Women Faculty in Higher Education
Authors: Venkat Purnima , Sekaran Varalakshmi Chandra , Mayya Shreemathi S. , Ashok Lena , Kamath Veena G. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
Women's participation in the higher education sector, globally and in India, has seen a steep increase over the past two decades. Despite this increase, women still have several challenges to face in the workplace. The aim of this study was to try and understand the issues faced by women in higher education.

Methods:
This qualitative study uses focus group discussions to open dialog with Indian women who are eligible to occupy/currently occupy administrative positions in higher education to understand their issues, struggles, and realities within the realm of higher education. The study uses the social identity theory to contextualize the experiences of women in higher education and divides the analysis into the broad themes of social categorization, social identification, and social comparison.

Results:
The study finds that women face specific bias in the sector, deal with the dual responsibilities of caregiving and work duties, and also face stereotyping and lack of acceptance in the workplace. Women have mentioned that they need to alter their team management style and leadership styles since, often, men did not seem to be comfortable with being managed by women.

Conclusions:
The study indicates the need for training for all members of higher education on gender issues, especially issues with the management of both home and workplace duties, the need to have mentors and individuals to look up to, and the need for supportive policies for women to be able to succeed in higher education.
Beliefs About the Effects of Smoking on Corona Virus Disease 2019 and its Impact on the Intention to Quit and Smoking Frequencies Among University Students Smokers in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Nurmansyah Mochamad Iqbal , Suraya Izza , Fauzi Ridhwan , Al-Aufa Badra 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
Several scientific evidence showed that smoking can increase the severity and mortality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This indicates that the pandemic is the best time to reduce its frequency or stop the habit, but misinformation that smoking prevents infection has an effect on smokers' behavior. Therefore, this study aims to assess the beliefs about the effects of smoking on COVID-19 as well as to determine their relationship with smoking habits among university student smokers in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Methods:
This study was carried out in three Universities in Jakarta with a total of 198 respondents, who were selected conveniently. Furthermore, independent variables were derived from the Health Belief Model theory, while the dependent variables include quit intention and smoking frequency. Chi-square and ordinal regression analyses were carried out to determine the association between the variables.

Results:
The belief that smoking increases the severity of COVID-19 as well as having the determination to stop the habit, had an effect on the respondents' quit intention. Moreover, perceived barriers, such as feeling anxious (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.19–0.60) and being exposed to information that the habit prevents COVID-19 severity (AOR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.01–0.71) were protective factors against the decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked daily.

Conclusion:
Improving digital health literacy, campaigns to clarify the risk of cigarettes, and self-efficacy related to cessation are important efforts to prevent smoking behavior during a pandemic.
The Association of Nutrition Status Towards The Outcome of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Chaniago Siti Alimahtun Sodiah , Nasution Iskandar , Nasution Irina Kemala 
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Stroke is a sudden-onset neurologic deficit and having a type 2 diabetes increases the risk of stroke twice as much. In addition to affecting physical and mental abilities, stroke can also lead to a decline in nutritional status. Malnutrition is associated with poor functional outcomes in all stroke subtypes. The Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score is an objective nutritional marker and could reflects malnutrition due to its comprehensive assessment of nutritional status. This study aims to find the association between nutritional status towards the outcome of acute ischemic stroke patients with type 2 diabetes.
Method: This was an observational analytic study with prospective cohort design using primary data collected consecutively from patients with both acute ischemic stroke and type 2 diabetes mellitus who were hospitalized in the Stroke Corner Room, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and inpatient ward of Haji Adam Malik General Hospital who met the inclusion criteria. The nutritional statuses of patients were measured using the CONUT score and patients outcomes were measured by mRS score. Spearman correlation test was used to assess the association between nutritional status and outcome of acute ischemic stroke patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Results: There were 43 patients who met the inclusion criteria where the majority of patients were male 22 people (51.2%), in the age group 51-65 years 23 people (53.5%) with a mean age of 57.93 + 10.01, was a housewife 15 people (34.9%) and Bataknese 27 people (62.8%). The majority of patients in this study
had mild malnutrition with a total of 15 people (34.9%) and a median CONUT score of 3 (0-11) and poor outcome as many as 29 people (67.4%) with mRS score median 4 (0-6). The result of Spearman correlation test showed a significant correlation between nutritional status and the outcome of acute ischemic stroke patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with a moderate correlation.
Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between nutritional status and the outcome of acute ischemic stroke patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with a moderate correlation
Relationship Blood Gas Analysis And Hemostasis Physics In Multiple Trauma Patients In Adam Malik Hospital Medan
Authors: Karim T. Abdul , Bisono Luwih , Wijaya Dadik Wahyu , Irina Rr Sinta 
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Trauma is currently the most common cause of death in the first four decades of life and is still a major public health problem in every country. Arterial blood gas analysis (AGDA) is known to be an important marker for poor patient outcomes and occult or compensatory hypoperfusion. This study also evaluated the relationship and influence of AGDA scores on the outcome and prognosis of patients with multiple trauma. The results of this study will be able to assist in the rapid triage of acute trauma patients, which will also help identify high-risk patients who develop severe complications.
Method: This study assessed the relationship between initial arterial blood gas and initial hemostatic function in acute trauma patients who came to the emergency department at H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan. This type of research is a retrospective analytic where data is taken from medical records to see the relationship between AGDA and coagulation profile in multiple trauma patients at H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan. After recruiting research samples at Adam Malik Haji Center General Hospital Medan, it was found that 141 multiple trauma patients who underwent surgery at H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan met the inclusion criteria and were not included in the exclusion criteria
Results: In this study, there were significant results between the pH and the three hemostatic physiology, there were no significant results between pCO2 and the three hemostatic physiology, and there were significant results between the HCO3 value and the PT and INR values, but no significant results were obtained with the APTT. Some authors believe that arterial PCO2 at admission is a significant prognostic factor in patients with traumatic head injury, but several studies dispute the arterial blood gas (ABG) parameter as a reliable indicator of short-term outcome in these patients. The main goal of the management of critically ill patients is the maintenance and optimization of cellular (and organ) health.
Conclusion: This goal can be achieved by maintaining oxygenation, perfusion, fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Acid-base and oxygenation disorders are also critical, especially when these disorders develop rapidly.
Pemanfaatan MRI Pelvis untuk Memprediksi Kedalaman Infiltrasi Endometriosis Susukan dalam Posterior ke Rektosigmoid: Studi Komparasi
Authors: Amelia Yustie , Muslim Refni , Marwali Muhammad Luky Satria , Prawirodihardjo Bonita , Prihartono Joedo 
Published: February 2023

Pendahuluan: Infiltrasi endometriosis susukan dalam (ESD) posterior ke rektosigmoid sering memerlukan tata laksana pembedahan radikal dan lintas disiplin. Modalitas diagnostik standar seperti USG dan laparaskopi lemah dalam menilai infiltrasi ESD posterior di lokasi yang sulit terjangkau. MRI berpotensi menjadi modalitas diagnostik pilihan karena bersifat multiplanar dan baik dalam diferensiasi jaringan lunak. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan kesesuaian MRI pelvis dengan temuan operasi dan histopatologi untuk memprediksi kedalaman infiltrasi ESD posterior ke rektosigmoid.
Metode: Sebanyak 37 pasien yang menjalani operasi dengan indikasi ESD posterior dan pemeriksaan MRI pelvis di pusat rujukan endometriosis (2015-2018) dipelajari secara retrospektif. Gambar MRI dianalisis oleh dokter spesialis radiologi divisi ginekologi secara independen kemudian dibandingkan dengan laporan operasi dan analisis sediaan histopatologi oleh dokter spesialis patologi anatomi. Analisis statistik dilakukan menggunakan uji McNemar dan koefisien Cohen’s Kappa.
Hasil: Didapatkan nilai konkordan (McNemar p) dan koefisien Kappa (p) untuk penilaian adanya ekstensi ESD posterior ke rektosigmoid 100% (1,000) dan 1 (0,000); infiltrasi lapisan muskularis rektosigmoid 89,2% (0,617) dan 0,78 (0,001); infiltrasi lapisan submukosa rektosigmoid 81,1% (1,000) dan 0,35 (0,146).
Kesimpulan: Terdapat kesesuaian yang baik antara MRI pelvis dengan temuan operasi dan histopatologi dalam memprediksi kedalaman infiltrasi ESD posterior ke rektosigmoid.
Journey Metaphor in Achebe’s No Longer at Ease
Authors: RURAHOZE BITERAHOGA Jean Paul 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: This paper aims to examine the metaphorical journey whose manifestations reside in a novel by Chinua Achebe, No Longer at Ease. Indeed, the metaphorical journey is a way for the main character to seek solutions to internal and external conflicts in a story. This trip aims to restore the lost harmony in society. Despite the lack of a satisfactory answer, ways to improve society and resolve conflicts, the main character must return to the cultural source.
Methodology: To conduct this analysis, we read and re-read the novel, then we proceeded to analyze how the main character faced the challenges and how he overcame them. This analysis leads to an understanding of the changes occurred during this metaphorical journey.
Findings: At the end of the analysis, it was found that this Obi Okonkwo’s trip resulted in a notorious failure, since the latter ended up committing suicide, when he was supposed to defend his society from imperialist domination.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This paper, therefore, shows that any character faces challenges requiring mature preparation to achieve the intended objective. The failure of the character in this novel reflects the failure of the colonized against the colonizers.
The Association Between Asymptomatic Placental Malaria Infection and Pregnancy Outcome in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Obi Sadiatu Sally , Sumner Davies W , Garrett-Cherry Tiana Garrett-Cherry , Adebe Gabriel Aondofa , Adjekuko Collins Ohwonigho , Nze Francis Ikechukwu , Odili-Igba Ann Odili-Igba , Ogirisen Felix Ogirisen 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: Parturients in the Sub-Saharan African are susceptible to malaria disease due to their reduced immunity during pregnancy. Asymptomatic placental malaria causes neonatal and maternal mortalities, preterm deliveries as well as low birth weight babies. Current studies on malaria in pregnancy indicated that the risk factors are location specific, and there are limited studies in Nigeria on asymptomatic placental malaria and pregnancy outcome (babies birth weight and delivery term). The purpose of this study was to determine the association between asymptomatic placental malaria infection and pregnancy outcome (baby’s birth weight and delivery term) among parturients in Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria.
Methodology: Quantitative methodology with primary and secondary healthcare facility data from 483 subjects aged 18–49 years generated from four healthcare facilities between May and July 2021 was used for this study. The Socio-Ecological Model framework was used to describe how parturients can achieve enhanced pregnancy outcome through the utilization of multi-levels of supports to enhance the compliance of pregnant women to the existing malaria interventions. The research questions and hypotheses were tested with the binomial logistic regression.
Result: The findings showed a statistically significant association between baby’s birth weight, delivery term and placental malaria parasitemia (PMP), in the study population. Also, the identified risk factor for baby’s birth weight in this study was gravidae, while that of delivery term was age groups, gravidae, ITN frequent use and ANC attendance.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The findings of this study could inform malaria control policymaking in Asaba and Delta State on tracking and treating asymptomatic malaria among underserved pregnant women accessing antenatal services to improve baby’s birth weight, delivery term, and the associated complications.
Igor Stravinsky’e Ait Bahar Ayini Bale Galasında Yaşananlar Ve Hafızadaki Yeri
Authors: ÜZÜLMEZ Huseyin Onur 
Published: February 2023

Birçok sanatçı hayatında yaşadıklarından etkilenir ve eserleri aracılığı ile kendilerini dışa vurur. Henüz ilgilendikleri sanat alanında eğitim almamış olsalar dahi çocukluk dönemlerinde yaşadıkları hayat tecrübeleri, kişisel ve karakter gelişimlerinde büyük bir etkendir. Besteciler notalar aracılığı ile sözcüklerin ötesindeki duygularını ifade etmek için müziği araç olarak kullanır, kendi hafızasında kalanları işler, çeşitlendirir, sahneye koyar ve nesiller boyu aktarır.
Bir müzik eseri işitildiğinde o müziğin daha önce nerede işitildiği anımsanabilmektedir. İnsan hafızası duyulardan ve duyumsamalardan bağımsız şekillenmez. Duyguları tetikleyen müzik de bu kapsamda hafıza için en önemli unsurlardan biridir. Müzik duygu hafızası için önemli olmakla birlikte, tarih boyunca sanatçıların duygularını ifade edebilmesi için de güçlü bir kanal olmuştur. Sanat eserlerini icra edenler ve dinleyiciler ortak bir duygu hafızasında buluşur; böylelikle önemli müzik eserleri tarihteki yerini alır.
Bu nitel araştırma çalışmasında, Igor Stravinsky'nin Bahar Ayini isimli ünlü Balesi'nin ortaya çıkışı ve Paris'teki ilk performansı örnek olarak incelenmiş ve konu literatür taraması metodu kullanılarak ele alınmıştır. Taramada elde edilen bulgular sonucunda, duyguların sanat aracılığı ile nasıl aktarıldığını ve aktarılan kültür varlığının izleyicilerde yarattığı etki nedeniyle tarihte nasıl yer aldığını göstererek, eğitimciler, sanat tarihçileri, icracılar ve ilgililer için literatüre katkı sağlamak amaçlanmıştır.
Araştırma sonucunda bir sanat dalı olan müziğin sadece işitsel olarak değil duygulara hitap eden bir sahne performansı olarak da hatırlanabileceği ve zamanla toplum için ortak bir kolektif hafıza haline gelebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
The Global Burden and Impacts of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs): A Review of Literature
Authors: Qaiser Shazia , Hj Ibrahim Mohd Yusof , Husain Syed Shajee 
Published: February 2023

Background: Non-communicable diseases are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) kill 40 million people each year and accounts for 70% of all deaths globally. NCDs were previously considered to only affect high-income countries. However, they now account for a very large burden in terms of both death rates and disability in low- and middle-income countries. Also, age standardized mortality rates from NCDs are greater in these countries as compared to high-income countries. By 2020, it is predicted that these diseases will be causing 7 out of every 10 deaths in developing countries. NCDs also have potentially serious socioeconomic implications through increasing individual and household impoverishment thereby hindering social and economic development. This article is an effort to determine the magnitude and consequences of this expeditiously growing public health problem of NCDs through published literature.
Keywords: global burden, economic impacts, non-communicable diseases, premature deaths, worldwide
Intervention to Reduce Childhood Undernutrition: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tan Chee How Eric , Manah Abdul Marsudi bin 
Published: February 2023

Background: Childhood undernutrition while being a preventable condition remains a major public health issue because it contributes to the mortality and morbidity of children globally. Intervention to improve the nutritional status of children includes supplementary feeding, fortified foods, cash transfers and nutritional education.
Keywords: undernutrition, malnutrition, intervention, children