bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surrogate Downscaling of Mesoscale Wind Fields Using Ensemble Superresolution Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Sekiyama Tsuyoshi Thomas , Hayashi Syugo , Kaneko Ryo , Fukui Ken-ichi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Surrogate modeling is one of the most promising applications of deep learning techniques in meteorology. The purpose of this study was to downscale surface wind fields in a gridded format at a much lower computational load. We employed a superresolution convolutional neural network (SRCNN) as a surrogate model and created a 20-member ensemble by training the same SRCNN model with different random seeds. The downscaling accuracy of the ensemble mean remained stable throughout a year and was consistently better than that of the input wind fields. It was confirmed that 1) the ensemble spread was efficiently created and that 2) the ensemble mean was superior to individual ensemble members and 3) robust to the presence of outlier members. Training, validation, and test data for 10 years were computed via our nested mesoscale weather forecast models not derived from public analysis datasets or real observations. The predictands were 1-km gridded surface zonal and meridional winds, of which the domain was defined as a 180 km × 180 km area around Tokyo, Japan. The predictors included 5-km gridded surface zonal and meridional winds, temperature, humidity, vertical gradient of the potential temperature, elevation, and land-to-water ratio as well as 1-km gridded elevation and land-to-water ratio. Although a perfect surrogate of the weather forecast model could not be achieved, the SRCNN downscaling accuracy could likely enable us to apply this approach in high-resolution advection simulations, considering its overwhelmingly high prediction speed.
The Long-Term Trends of Global Land Precipitation in GFDL’s CM4 and ESM4 Climate Models
Authors: Zhang Yanda , Knutson Thomas R. , Shevliakova Elena , Paynter David 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Historical precipitation and temperature trends and variations over global land regions are compared with simulations of two climate models focusing on grid points with substantial observational coverage from the early twentieth century. Potential mechanisms for the differences between modeled and observed trends are investigated using subsets of historical forcings, including ones using only anthropogenic greenhouse gases or aerosols, and simulations forced with the observed sea surface temperature and sea ice distribution. For century-scale (1915–2014) precipitation trends, underestimated increasing or unrealistic decreasing trends are found in the models over the extratropical Northern Hemisphere. The temporal evolution of key discrepancies between the observations and simulations indicates that 1) for averages over 15°–45°N, while there is not a significant trend in observations, both models simulate reduced precipitation from 1940 to 2014, and 2) for 45°–80°N observations suggest sizable precipitation increases while models do not show a significant increase, particularly during ∼1950–80. The timing of differences between models and observations suggests a key role for aerosols in these dry trend biases over the extratropical Northern Hemisphere. Additionally, 3) for 15°S–15°N the observed multidecadal decrease over tropical west Africa (1950–80) is only roughly captured by simulations forced with observed sea surface temperature; additionally, 4) in the all-forcing runs, the model with higher global climate sensitivity simulates increasing trends of temperature and precipitation over lands north of 45°N that are significantly stronger than the lower-sensitivity model and more consistent with the observed increases. Thus, underestimated greenhouse gas–induced warming—particularly in the lower sensitivity model—may be another important factor, besides aerosols, contributing to the modeled biases in precipitation trends.
Observational Constraints on the Cloud Feedback Pattern Effect
Authors: Myers Timothy A. , Zelinka Mark D. , Klein Stephen A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Model evidence for the “pattern effect” assumes that global climate models (GCMs) faithfully simulate how clouds respond to varying sea surface temperature (SST) patterns and associated meteorological perturbations. We exploit time-invariant satellite-based estimates of the sensitivity of marine low clouds to meteorological perturbations to estimate how these clouds responded to time-varying SST patterns and meteorology between 1870 and 2014. GCMs and reanalyses provide estimates of the historical meteorological changes. Observations suggest that increasing estimated inversion strength (EIS) between 1980 and 2014 produced a negative low cloud feedback, opposite to the positive feedback expected from increasing CO2. This indicates that the processes responsible for marine cloud changes from 1980 to the near present are distinct from those associated with an increase in CO2. We also observationally constrain the difference between the historical near-global marine low cloud feedback, , and that arising from increasing CO2, . We find that this cloud feedback pattern effect depends strongly on time period and reanalysis dataset, and that varying changes in EIS and SST with warming explain much of its variability. Between 1980 and 2014, we estimate that (90% confidence) assuming meteorological changes from the Multiple Reanalysis Ensemble, implying a total pattern effect (that arising from all climate feedbacks) of 1.86 ± 0.45 W m−2 K−1. This observational evidence corroborates previous quantitative estimates of the pattern effect, which heretofore relied largely upon GCM-based cloud changes. However, disparate historical meteorological changes across individual reanalyses contribute to considerable uncertainty in its magnitude.
Development and Investigation of GridRad-Severe, a Multiyear Severe Event Radar Dataset
Authors: Murphy Amanda M. , Homeyer Cameron R. , Allen Kiley Q. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Many studies have aimed to identify novel storm characteristics that are indicative of current or future severe weather potential using a combination of ground-based radar observations and severe reports. However, this is often done on a small scale using limited case studies on the order of tens to hundreds of storms due to how time-intensive this process is. Herein, we introduce the GridRad-Severe dataset, a database including ∼100 severe weather days per year and upward of 1.3 million objectively tracked storms from 2010 to 2019. Composite radar volumes spanning objectively determined, report-centered domains are created for each selected day using the GridRad compositing technique, with dates objectively determined using report thresholds defined to capture the highest-end severe weather days from each year, evenly distributed across all severe report types (tornadoes, severe hail, and severe wind). Spatiotemporal domain bounds for each event are objectively determined to encompass both the majority of reports and the time of convection initiation. Severe weather reports are matched to storms that are objectively tracked using the radar data, so the evolution of the storm cells and their severe weather production can be evaluated. Herein, we apply storm mode (single-cell, multicell, or mesoscale convective system storms) and right-moving supercell classification techniques to the dataset, and revisit various questions about severe storms and their bulk characteristics posed and evaluated in past work. Additional applications of this dataset are reviewed for possible future studies.
From Elective to Emergent Cholecystectomy: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: DeCan Evan D. , Walston Michael E. , Chang Emily S. , Verham Janice J. 
Published: June 2023

Background Symptomatic cholelithiasis is a common disease in which the majority of patients are managed electively. There is an unknown proportion of patients who require emergency surgery for acute cholecystitis in this elective waiting period. Our study aimed to evaluate risk factors for requiring an emergency cholecystectomy during this waiting period. Methods This single-center retrospective observational study queried medical records for scheduled elective cholecystectomies from 2017 to 2022. We then evaluated these patients to determine who required emergency intervention via acute cholecystectomy. Patient demographics were analyzed. Patient cohort subgroups were created for patients who waited longer than 60 days and less than 60 days. Results 1086 patients from 2017 to 2022 were scheduled for an elective cholecystectomy. Of those, 48 required emergency cholecystectomy. Average wait times of those who required emergent cholecystectomy were found to be significantly higher at 60.3 d, compared to 47.3 d for the elective group ( P = .03*). Subgroup analysis of patients with >60 d average wait time re-demonstrated significance with 92.1 d and 115.7 d ( P = .004) for the elective and emergency subgroups, respectively. >60 d wait time showed increased odds ratio of 1.805 ( P = .05) for requiring an emergency cholecystectomy. Logistic regression analysis identified >60 d waiting period ( P = .01) and obesity ( P = .0001) as predictors of needing emergency surgery. Discussion Wait time >60 d is associated with an increased risk of emergent cholecystectomy. Obesity was identified as a key risk factor which should be considered for stratifying patients for more urgent surgical intervention.
Study of cyclists’ skin deformation for compression skinsuit design
Authors: Shi Qiu Qiong , Jiao Jiao , Shin Kristina , Chow Hung Kay , Lau Newman 
Published: June 2023

Skin deformation during cycling is an important factor when designing a performance cycling garment, as the space between the body and the garment creates aerodynamic drag and a subsequent negative impact on the cyclist’s performance. Thus, skin deformation has been studied for an aerodynamic skinsuit via a three-dimensional (3D) body image. An understanding of skin deformation during cycling, especially in the torso and thigh areas, is essential for cycling suit design and pattern making, and there are few studies investigating this. This study aimed to analyze cyclists’ 3D skin deformation during cycling captured by a motion capture system. Eight healthy male amateur cyclists were invited to participate in this study. The trajectories of 68 reflective markers on the skin were continuously captured during cycling. The mean values and standard deviations of the eight participants’ skin deformation were analyzed against the static posture skin data. The results showed that the anterior torso skin was contracted by 0.3–22.3%, while most of the posterior torso skin measurements were expanded by 6.7–32.0% during cycling in a bending posture when compared to a standing posture during cycling. The skin deformation value of the torso was stable after the first bending posture during cycling. The thigh skins were deformed from –14.7% to 7.6% during cycling. The results can be used as pattern adjustment rate for compression cycling skinsuit design.
Comparison between radiofrequency ablation and CHIVA procedure in patients with varicose veins
Authors: Lee Seungjoon , Yun Sangchul , Lee Jihyoun , Kim Sang Hyun , Ihn Myung Hoon , Yoo Daegwang , Yun So Kyung , Hwang Mi-OK 
Published: June 2023

Objective Conservatrice et Hémodynamique de l'Insuffisance Veineuse en Ambulatoire, the French acronym for CHIVA, is a strategy aimed to convert a venous reflux into a physiological drainage. We compared CHIVA with radiofrequency ablation and determined its possible advantages. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical recurrence, ultrasound recurrence, quality of life scores, and complications. They were compared after propensity score matching. Results 212 limbs of 166 patients were included: 42 limbs underwent radiofrequency ablation and 170 limbs underwent CHIVA. The hospital stay was shorter in the CHIVA group. There was no difference in clinical, ultrasound recurrence, quality of life scores and complications between the two groups. The preoperative saphenous vein diameter was larger in the recurrence cases. Conclusions CHIVA showed comparable results to radiofrequency ablation. There was more ultrasound recurrence with larger vein diameters. The CHIVA appears to be a simple and more efficient treatment method when performed on select patients.
Inpatient rehabilitation patients are more active during rehabilitation times and days than non-rehabilitation times and days: An observational study
Authors: Kim Young Joo , Overman Carley , Davis Brooke , Fitzgerald Kimberly , McLawhorn Samantha 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The effectiveness of inpatient rehabilitation services has been well supported. However, patients receiving inpatient rehabilitation may be physically inactive outside of therapy. The primary objectives were to determine differences in activity levels between rehabilitation time and non-rehabilitation time and rehabilitation day and non-rehabilitation day during inpatient rehabilitation stay. The secondary objective was to determine differences among rehabilitation services. Methods: In all, 50 participants wore an ActiGraph GT9X Link on their non-dominant wrist during their inpatient rehabilitation stay. Results: We found significant differences in total activity counts between rehabilitation time and non-rehabilitation time ( z = 6.15, p < 0.001) and between rehabilitation day and non-rehabilitation day ( z = 5.82, p < 0.001). We found significant differences in total activity counts between occupational therapy and physical therapy ( z = 5.71, p < 0.001), occupational therapy and speech-language pathology ( z = 3.41, p < 0.001), and physical therapy and speech-language pathology ( z = 3.07, p = 0.002). The degrees of all differences were large. Conclusion: To increase the activity levels during non-rehabilitation times and days, patients receiving inpatient rehabilitation may benefit from strategies which increase activity levels such as an individualized program that can be safely and independently performed outside of rehabilitation sessions.
Digital customer engagement: A systematic literature review and research agenda
Authors: Srivastava Ritu , Gupta Parul , Kumar Harish , Tuli Nikhita 
Published: June 2023

Digital technologies have become critical to businesses for their engagement, sales, and other marketing-related activities. However, despite massive attention over the last few years, managers still lack an understanding of users’ engagement behavior toward these digital technologies. The paper aims to synthesize the state-of-the-art literature on digital consumer engagement by reviewing 139 relevant articles. The study reports on the theoretical lenses, methods, contexts, antecedents, drivers, and outcomes of digital customer engagement. In addition, the study lists top authors, journals, articles, and countries. Finally, the authors develop a comprehensive framework to better understand digital customer engagement and provide critical avenues for future research. JEL Classification: M31
Injuries in Ballroom DanceSport: A Retrospective Study on Prevalence and Relation With Demographic Data
Authors: Keijsers Petra J. H. , Busscher Iris , Crijns Hubertina J. M. J. , Ewals René Ch. T. 
Published: June 2023

Background: DanceSport is a variant of Ballroom dancing, a style that is performed as a couple dancing together. Although there are many participants worldwide, the amount of research on injuries done in this style of dancing is limited. Objective: The aim of this study was obtaining information about the DanceSport Athletes in the Netherlands including anthropometrics, level, frequency and duration of dance training per week. Our second objective was to investigate injury prevalence and type of injuries. Study Design: Retrospective questionnaire study. Methods: All 816 registered active dancers within the Dutch DanceSport Association received an online questionnaire with questions on anthropometrics, level of dancing, frequency and duration of dance training, and questions on injuries. The Chi-Square test was used to calculate differences between categorical variables. Results: A total of 218 dancers (33.7%) completed the questionnaire, 107 males (49.1%), and 111 females (50.9%). The mean age for men was 42 ± 15.9 and 36 ± 15.1 for women. 176 dancers (80.7%) reported 1 or more injuries. Foot, ankle, and lower leg injuries were reported most frequently, 49 males (45.8%), and 60 females (54.1%). No significant difference was found in the total number of injuries for the variables sex ( P = .761) and discipline ( P = .225). Significantly more head and neck injuries were identified in female Standard dancers ( P < .001) compared to male dancers. Also, Standard dancers have more back injuries compared to dancers in both disciplines ( P < .009). Conclusion: With the described anthropometrics and an 80% lifetime prevalence of injuries, this group can be compared to other dance forms. Significant differences in injuries of the head and neck for female Standard dancers compared to male dancers and significantly more back injuries in Standard dancers compared to dancers in both disciplines were found. Future studies need to translate and validate existing questionnaires in Dutch for use in this population.
Grit and postoperative opioid use after total joint arthroplasty
Authors: Ernst Andrew J , Briggs Avery M , Spooner Rebecca , Balazs George C , Goldman Ashton H 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Perioperative multimodal protocols following total joint replacements have significantly decreased the amount of perioperative and postoperative opioids. Further identification of those requiring more or less opioids through individualisation, may further aid in reducing the amount prescribed. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to evaluate whether a patient’s grit, the measurable psychological strength of character to persevere during hardship, measured by postoperative opioid consumption. Methods: Consecutive patients who had undergone either primary or revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) from February 2019 to August 2020 at our institution logged their opioid use for the first 2 weeks postoperatively, detailing the type, dosage, and number of narcotics they consumed. Those who completed their logs and a grit questionnaire had their average morphine equivalent dose (MED) and grit score calculated. Analysis was then performed to evaluate if any association existed between these 2 variables. Results: There was no correlation between grit score and postoperative opioid consumption in the first 2 weeks following discharge after total joint arthroplasty. A total of 144 patients were eligible to participate and a total of 86 patients met inclusion criteria, 48 patients in the TKA group and 38 in the THA group. Of all patients, 63% were male. The average MED was 95.5 for THAs and 192 for TKAs. The average grit score was 4.23 for THAs and 4.19 for TKAs. Conclusions: There is not an apparent association between grit score and postoperative opioid consumption in the first 2 weeks after total joint arthroplasty. General psychological resiliency may not be an important predictor of postoperative opioid use with modern postoperative protocols.
A new orthodontic force simulation system with a simulated periodontal ligament to measure the delivered force at the root apex
Authors: Tochigi Keisuke , Arai Kazuhito 
Published: June 2023

Objective: To develop a new orthodontic force simulation system with a simulated periodontal ligament (PDL) that enables measurement of the delivered force at the root apex and to clarify the relationship between the applied orthodontic force and the delivered force at the root apex. Design: In vitro study. Setting: Orthodontics department of a university, Tokyo, Japan. Methods: A new orthodontic force simulation system that enables measurement of the force at the root apex of the maxillary central incisor, was developed. Lingual and intrusion movements were simulated with applied orthodontic force at three levels: 50, 100 and 200 gf. The delivered forces at the root apex were compared between the two movements. Furthermore, the ratio of delivered force at the root apex to the applied orthodontic force (the apex force ratio) was calculated. Results: The magnitudes of delivered forces at the root apex were significantly greater in intrusion movement than in lingual movement ( P < 0.01). The apex force ratios were in the range of 47.3%–56.2% for lingual movement and 85.6%–86.2% for intrusion movement. Conclusion: The present study, of a newly developed orthodontic force simulation system, showed that the characteristics of the delivered force at the root apex differed according to the direction of tooth movement.
Chinese Herbal Medicine Improved Survival in Stage IV Breast Cancer Patients: Data Mining of the Incorporated Taiwan Cancer Registry Database and Hospital Database
Authors: Chen Po-En , Hung Hao-Hsiu , Huang Wei-Te , Yeh Chen-Hsuan , Kao Yi-Wei , Shia Ben-Chang , Huang Sheng-Teng 
Published: June 2023

Background: According to recent research, breast cancer has become the most commonly diagnosed non-skin cancer type among the entire population. Meanwhile, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has become an important therapy to improve the survival rate and quality of life in metastatic cancer patients, as part of a wider trend toward more personalized medicine. However, there is a lack of research in terms of the association between stage IV breast cancer and CHM. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between CHM and the survival rate in breast cancer patients at different cancer stages, with a particular focus on patients diagnosed with stage IV. Methods: Patients with an initial diagnosis of breast cancer identified from the Taiwan Cancer Registry Database (TCRD) and China Medical University Hospital (CMUH) database were included in this study. Demographic characteristics including gender, age, and comorbidities were evaluated. Between-group differences for continuous and categorical variables were evaluated by the Student’s t-test and Chi-square test, respectively. Patients diagnosed with breast cancer were recruited and divided into cohorts of CHM users and non-users with a 1:1 propensity score matching. The survival of breast cancer patients was assessed by the Cox proportional hazard model. The cumulative incidence of survival was assessed by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Results: The adjuvant CHM treatment was associated with a higher survival rate in stage IV breast cancer patients (HR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.2853-0.7044]. Additionally, the use of CHM had a positive impact on survival in stage IV breast cancer patients who had received surgery ( P: .0273, HR: 0.3406, 95% CI: 0.1309-0.8865), chemotherapy ( P: .0004, HR: 0.3893, 95% CI: 0.231-0.656), and hormone therapy ( P: .0013, HR: 0.3491, 95% CI: 0.1836-0.6636). In terms of the specific CHM associated with survival, Zhi-Gan-Cao-Tang (ZGCT), Phellodendron chinense Schneid. (huang-bai), and Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (chi-shao) were the 3 most commonly prescribed herbal medicines correlated with a higher survival rate among stage IV breast cancer patients. Conclusions: CHM associated with conventional management achieved significant survival benefits in patients with stage IV breast cancer. Additional randomized controlled trials for prospective study are recommended for further validation.