bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collective excitations in the hot QCD medium and the propagation of heavy quarks
Authors: Jamal Mohammad Yousuf , Mohanty Bedangadas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis review explores the current understanding of collective excitations and the dynamics of heavy quark propagation in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) formed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We focus on three core aspects: the theoretical modelling of the QGP, including momentum anisotropy, medium-induced collisions, finite chemical potential, and non-ideal interactions; the collective behaviours within the plasma; and the interaction dynamics of heavy quarks as they traverse the medium. Along with the polarization energy loss mechanisms, we also review the possibility of energy gain due to thermal field fluctuations. Lastly, we discuss how these theoretical insights can be tested through experiments and outline possible directions for future research.
Synovial Chondromatosis of the Hand and Wrist: A 35-Year Retrospective Case Review
Authors: MORRIS Holly , LO Victoria , SHEEHY Becky , SMITH Karen L. 
Published: January 2025

Background: Synovial chondromatosis is a condition that rarely occurs in the hand and wrist. Recurrence and malignant transformation are two potential complications of the disease. We set out to retrospectively review 35 years of practice within our sarcoma and tertiary hand unit and identify recurrence or malignant transformation. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients with synovial chondromatosis seen at our sarcoma and tertiary hand unit for the past 35 years. Incidence of recurrence or malignant transformation was noted. Where possible, patients were clinically and radiologically reviewed with range of motion, grip strength and patient evaluation measures obtained. Results: Of 12 patients presenting to the practice, seven patients were followed up and, of these, two demonstrated recurrences. The recurrence was diagnosed based on patient-reported symptoms, clinical examination and the requisition of further imaging. Of the five who could not be followed up, two demonstrated recurrence and one had malignant transformation with a low-grade chondrosarcoma on histology. Conclusions: While a rare disease, we demonstrated recurrence within our small case series. Fusion to obliterate the joint is an option in the management of recurrence. For the diagnostically challenging, genetic testing may be beneficial, though genetic rearrangements are not seen in all cases. All patients should be counselled on symptoms to watch for as a small proportion may experience recurrence and a small percentage may undergo malignant transformation. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
Mercurial Queer: Localized Sexualities in Contemporary Moroccan Cinema
Authors: Reeser Todd W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Queer Moroccan cinematic subjects tend to leave the Maghreb for the West to fully realize their “gay” sexual subjectivity. By contrast, two recent Moroccan films, Maryam Touzani’s The Blue Caftan (Le Bleu du caftan, 2022) and Nabil Ayouch’s Razzia (2017), insert queerness into localized forms or, more precisely, into localized networks, defined through time and space and in dialogue with Indigenous representational forms. Queer is not suddenly visible or “out,” but rather is shown to have always been present locally, meaning that Western discursive taxonomies are not needed. These two films opens up possibilities for queer Moroccan film to ignore and speak back to Western hegemonic constructs of sexuality.
Monitoring Soil Water Content and Measurement Depth of Cosmic-Ray Neutron Sensing in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Xin , Liu Rong , Köhli M. , Marach J. , Wang Zuoliang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This work aims at evaluating the potential application of two cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) soil water content (SWC) retrieval methods and discusses the effective measurement depth of CRNS retrieval and vertical weights of different layers in a semihumid alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, the widely used N0 method and the latest published method derived from physical principles named the universal transport solution (UTS) were used for SWC estimation during the whole nonfrozen season on the Tibetan Plateau. The N0 and UTS methods successfully retrieved the SWC on the Tibetan Plateau, and their variations were generally consistent. The effective measurement depths calculated by the N0 and UTS methods showed similar fluctuation patterns, ranging from 9.7 to 14.5 cm and 17.8 to 20 cm, with mean values of 12.0 and 19.2 cm, respectively. This work verified that the weighting methods of the N0 and UTS models provided credible performance for the effective measurement depths. The N0 method provided measurement depths more close to the surface, and the UTS method yielded slightly deeper averages. The UTS equation had a more sensitive response to periods of low precipitation. Including detailed Ultra Rapid Neutron-Only Simulation (URANOS) Monte Carlo simulations of the full time series, we find specifically an excellent agreement in the summer period. Our analysis suggests that CRNS is a promising innovation for SWC measurement and can be extended in its application at hectometer scales to monitor SWC in the Tibetan meadow ecosystem.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to better understand if cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) has the potential to sense soil water content (SWC) for the Tibetan meadow ecosystem with harsh climate conditions. Techniques for measuring SWC have evolved over many decades, from point-scale measurements of a few meters to satellite-based remote sensing methods of several kilometers, each with advantages and disadvantages. This is important because CRNS has emerged to fill the scale gap between point measurements and microwave remote sensing methods. The results are helpful in assessing the applicability of CRNS in alpine meadow ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau.
Convection-Permitting Ensembles of an Isolated Mountain Thunderstorm during RELAMPAGO/CACTI
Authors: Lopez Andres , Kirshbaum Daniel J. , Lareau Neil 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The north–south-oriented Sierras de Córdoba (SDC) ridge in central Argentina is noted for initiating thunderstorms that may grow into intense mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). It also initiates more isolated, shorter-lived cells under weaker synoptic forcing. These cells are less impactful than MCSs but may be difficult to predict in convective-scale numerical weather prediction (NWP) due to their strong sensitivities to subgrid and partially resolved processes. To study the mechanisms and predictability of such cells, convection-permitting ensemble simulations were conducted of an isolated, diurnally forced SDC thunderstorm during Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI)/Remote Sensing of Electrification, Lightning, and Mesoscale/Microscale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observations (RELAMPAGO). The rich observational data facilitated detailed ensemble verification, where dry biases in the surface energy balance and soil moisture were identified. These biases promoted rapid removal of convective inhibition and an early onset of precipitating cells over the SDC that were shallower and weaker than the observed cell. Correction, and then overcorrection, of the soil moisture bias in two successive ensembles was required to rectify the surface energy balance and improve the representation of the SDC cell. Nevertheless, substantial ensemble variability in convective precipitation was found, with some members producing more widespread convection than observed and others producing no deep convection at all. This variability was largely explained by a combination of thermodynamic and dynamic mechanisms, dominated by a positive sensitivity of convective precipitation to preconvective moist instability over the ridge. Secondary sensitivities were found to low-level upward mass flux and midlevel cross-barrier winds, the latter of which caused gravity waves with elevated downdrafts that tended to suppress incipient clouds.
Stabilisation Policy Options in a ‘Lower and Longer’ Interest Rates Environment
Authors: Nachane D. M. 
Published: January 2025

During episodes of severe depression, interest rates can approach the zero lower bound (ZLB) and stay there for a fairly long time. Mainstream macroeconomic theory (the so-called New Consensus Economics) then fails to provide adequate guidance under a Taylor type rule to conventional monetary policy. Various alternatives have been suggested to revitalise monetary policy in such a situation. The major alternatives can be divided into three categories, namely, (a) those that do not recognise the ZLB as an effective floor, (b) those based on the Keynesian liquidity trap and (c) those based (implicitly) on Hawtrey’s credit deadlock. We discuss these alternatives with a special focus on quantitative easing (QE). In particular, we draw attention to the largely ignored fact that QE had been suggested by the British economist Hawtrey at least as early as 1931 in the policy debates on ways to emerge from the Great Depression. JEL Codes: E4, E5, N1
The effect of early rehabilitation on therapeutic outcomes in ICU patients on mechanical ventilation: A meta-analysis
Authors: Li Saisai , Xu Xiulu , Hu Jingjing , Wang Yuexia 
Published: January 2025

Objective: To evaluate the effect of early rehabilitation on therapeutic outcomes of patients in the ICU requiring mechanical ventilation. Methods: Electronic databases up to June 15, 2024 were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared early rehabilitation with standard rehabilitation for patients in the ICU on mechanical ventilation were included. The effects of early rehabilitation on outcomes such as duration of mechanical ventilation (days), ICU length of stay (days), hospital length of stay (days), ICU and in-hospital mortality, and ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) were evaluated using a random-effects model. Results: Nineteen RCTs met the inclusion criteria for this study, involving 3076 patients in the ICU on mechanical ventilation. Meta-analysis based on the random-effects model showed that early rehabilitation significantly reduced the duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU-AW risk, ICU length of stay, and total hospital length of stay. Analysis of the timing of early rehabilitation indicated that implementing early rehabilitation within ⩽48 or ⩽72 h after ICU admission or mechanical ventilation had varying effects on the duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay, and total hospital length of stay. Conclusion: Early rehabilitation can improve the therapeutic outcomes for ICU patients on mechanical ventilation. The optimal time for implementing early rehabilitation appears to be 48–72 h after ICU admission or initiation of mechanical ventilation, but further research is needed. Clinical trial number: INPLASY202470068.
Gingival keratinocyte adhesion on atomic layer-deposited hydroxyapatite coated titanium
Authors: Abushahba Faleh , Riivari Sini , Areid Nagat , Närvä Elisa , Kylmäoja Elina , Ritala Mikko , Tuukkanen Juha , Vallittu Pekka K. , Närhi Timo O. 
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the atomic layer deposited hydroxyapatite (ALD-HA) coating of the titanium (Ti) surface on human gingival keratinocyte (HGK) cell adhesion, spreading, viability, and hemidesmosome (HD) formation. Grade 2 square-shaped Ti substrates were used ( n = 62). Half of the substrates were ALD-HA coated, while the other half were used as non-coated controls (NC). The ALD-HA surface was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The initial cell adhesion and HD formation of HGKs were evaluated after a 24-h cultivation period. The cell proliferation was assessed by cultivating cells for 1, 3, and 7 d. The expression levels of the integrin mediating cell adhesion were detected with the Western Blot method. In addition, cell spreading and expression of the proteins mediating cell adhesion were imaged using a confocal microscope. SEM-EDS analysis demonstrated the formation of HA on the ALD-HA surfaces. The relative cell attachment was significantly higher ( p < .05) on the ALD-HA compared to the NC surface after 1 and 3 d of cell culture. No significant difference was found in integrin α6 or β4 expression. The microscope evaluation showed significantly increased cell spreading with peripheral HD expression on ALD-HA compared to the NC surfaces ( p = .0001). Moreover, laminin γ2 expression was significantly higher on the ALD-HA than on the NC surfaces ( p < .001). Compared to the NC Ti surface, the ALD-HA coating has favorable effects on HGK proliferation, growth, and cell spreading. This indicates that the ALD-HA coating has good potential for improving mucosal attachment on implant surfaces.
Effectiveness, safety, and patient-reported outcomes of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in routine clinical care in Italy: 12-Month results from the BICSTaR cohort
Authors: Antinori Andrea , Marchetti Giulia , Esposito Vincenzo , Rusconi Stefano , Canetti Diana , Quiros-Roldan Eugenia , Candelaresi Bianca , Saracino Annalisa , Andreoni Massimo , Marongiu Andrea , Cassidy Tali , Thorpe David , Albini Laura , Caldera Roberto , Forcina Gabriele , Di Perri Giovanni 
Published: January 2025

Background BICSTaR is a multi-national, observational cohort evaluating the effectiveness, safety, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in treatment-naïve (TN) and -experienced (TE) people with HIV-1 receiving bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) in routine clinical care. We present the 12-month (M12) outcomes of the Italian BICSTaR cohort. Methods Participants initiating B/F/TAF in routine care were prospectively followed. Outcomes included virological and immunologic effectiveness, drug-related adverse events (DRAEs), treatment persistence, and PROs using the HIV Symptom Index (HIV-SI) and the HIV Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaires (HIVTSQ). Results N = 201 were included (29 TN, 172 TE), 83% male, median age 38 years in TN, 48 years in TE. At baseline, 94% of TE had an HIV-1 RNA <50 cp/mL, 92% switched to B/F/TAF for simplification. Overall, 69% reported comorbidities (TN: 59%, TE: 70%). At M12, 88% (23/26) of TN and 96% (152/159) of TE had an HIV-1 RNA <50 cp/mL in the discontinuation = failure analysis (without emergence of resistance to B/F/TAF). Median CD4 count changes were +296 cells/µL (interquartile range [IQR], 118, 383) in TN, and +23 cells/µl (−137, 114) in TE. DRAEs were reported for 5% and led to discontinuation in 1%. M12 persistence on B/F/TAF was 97%. TN had a median HIV-SI bothersome symptom count decrease of −1.5 (IQR, −5.0, 0.0). Median treatment satisfaction change score was +29.0 (21, 30) in TE indicating an improvement. Conclusions In this real-world Italian cohort of mostly treatment-experienced people switching for simplification, B/F/TAF demonstrated high effectiveness and persistence over 12 months and confirmed the favourable safety profile shown in clinical trials. Trial registration European cohort: EUPAS22185.
Investigation of a Novel Curing Agent for Novolac Resins*This paper was first presented at Addcon '98 on 9th-10th November 1998, held in London, UK
Authors: Hadef A. , Taoudoucht A. 
Published: January 2025

This present study represents an attempt to assess degraded polyacetal resin as a curing agent for novolac resins. First, degraded polyacetal was obtained by extrusion of virgin DELRIN®. Secondly, it was investigated for its reactivity with novolacs by torque rheometry analysis, by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and by a solubility test. Once the ability of degraded polyacetal to cure novolac resin was confirmed, the thermal decomposition behaviour of degraded polyacetal and hexamethylene tetramine (HMTA) were compared by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that degraded polyacetal decomposes at higher temperatures and at lower rates than HMTA. As expected from the TGA results, the extent of prior degradation of polyacetal affects its curing capability. The best curing performance (in terms of curing rate, degree of cure and impact strength) was obtained with the most degraded polyacetal product. Finally, in order to establish the optimum conditions for the use of degraded polyacetal as a curing agent for novolac resins, the effects of polyacetal content and processing temperature were investigated.
Ilio-femoral impingement angle: a new radiographic measurement
Authors: Ellis Jackson , Rhee Isaac , Babazadeh Sina , Van Bavel Dirk 
Published: January 2025

Background: Hip dislocations after total hip arthroplasty (THA) are a debilitating complication, often occurring in deep flexion. Current 3D modelling allows for simulating the flexion angle at which bone-on-bone impingement occurs, but it is resource-intensive and not widely available for routine clinical use. Therefore, we propose the ilio-femoral impingement angle (IFIa) as a novel, simple radiographic measure to help identify patients at higher risk for dislocation using standard radiographs. Methods: A radiographic study was performed on 117 consecutive patients who underwent preoperative planning for THA with 3D remodelling from 2021 to 2022 at a single institution. The flexion angle was recorded at which the femur impingement on the pelvis was identified from the 3D model. This was compared to the angle subtended between a vertical line, the centre of the femoral head and a line rotated upwards to the first point of contact with the ipsilateral ilium. This angle was named the ilio-femoral impingement angle (IFIa). Results: The mean IFIa was 142.29° ± 11.49°, and it demonstrated a strong correlation with the 3D impingement angle (r = 0.69, p < 0.05). The inter-rater reliability of the IFIa measurement was high, with an ICC of 0.87, confirming the consistency of this novel radiographic measure. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the novel radiographic measurement of the IFIa represented the deep flexion impingement angle of the femur on the ilium. The IFIa may be used as simple and cost-effective alternative measurement to model impingement during flexion.
Perceptions about preclinical Alzheimer's disease biomarker collection procedure influences willingness to participate: Findings from an ethnoracially diverse study
Authors: Gooding Diane Carol , Van Hulle Carol A , Zuelsdorff Megan , Lewis Jordan P , Carter Fabu P , Salazar Hector , Bouges Shenikqua , James Taryn T , Gee Alexander , Gleason Carey E 
Published: January 2025

Background Past research suggests that ethnoracialized groups differ in their willingness to engage in preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) research overall. Studies indicated that participation willingness was affected by attitudes toward research and perceived invasiveness of biomarker collection techniques. However, comparative quantitative studies are few, and minoritized groups are under-included. Objective In a cross-sectional online survey, we sought to explore community-based adults’ willingness to engage in preclinical AD biomarker testing, comparing their attitudes about research and different types of biomarker procedures. Methods We conducted an online survey with a diverse group of participants. African American (AA), American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN), Latinx (LTX), and Non-Hispanic White (NHW) adults aged 26–90 were asked about their research attitudes, biomarkers, and willingness to participate in specific biomarker test procedures (i.e., brain imaging via PET scanning, blood draws, and cerebrospinal fluid collection by lumbar puncture). We also assessed participants’ perceived safety, burden, and distress for each of the three biomarker collection methods. To understand the association between research willingness and ethnoracial identity, we ran linear regression models for each procedure, adjusting for age, gender, educational attainment, and attitudes toward research. Results The AA group expressed greater willingness to engage in biomarker testing involving blood draws than the NHW group. The AI/AN group was significantly less willing to undergo lumbar puncture than the NHW group; this difference remained after adjusting for various sociodemographic factors and research attitudes. Conclusions Respondents’ willingness to engage in preclinical AD biomarker research was affected by their perceptions about the testing collection procedure.
HELICOBACTER PYLORI TRANSMISSION: IS IT DUE TO KISSING?
Authors: Luman W. 
Published: January 2025

Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) has been associated with the pathogenesis of chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcer disease1 and gastric carcinoma.2 Understanding the exact mode of transmission of H. pylori is essential in order to limit its spread and serious diseases associated with it. Living on human and ectopic gastric mucosa, the organism has not been convincingly isolated from other animals. Most infections are acquired in childhood and some of the risk factors associated with childhood infection include poor sanitation, overcrowding and lower socioeconomic status. The theory of direct person-to-person spread is now generally accepted, but the route of transmission remains open to conjecture. No predominant route of transmission has been defined and the possibilities include faecal-oral, oro-oral and gastro-oral. Helicobacter pylori has been identified in saliva and in swabs taken from the oral cavity through molecular techniques. It remains unclear whether the bacteria detected represented colonisation of the oral cavity or transient regurgitation of the micro-organisms from the stomach into the mouth during the process of gastro-oesophageal reflux. Gastrooral or oro-oral routes could be important in the transmission of the infection from mothers to children and between siblings. It is unlikely that H. pylori could be transmitted between spouses. Most married couples demonstrate little concordance of bacterial strain as typed by molecular techniques and treated patients are seldom re-infected by their untreated infected spouses.