bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individually tailored spatial–spectral pulsed CEST MRI for ratiometric mapping of myocardial energetic species at 3T
Authors: Ayala Cindy , Luo Huiwen , Godines Kevin , Alghuraibawi Wissam , Ahn Sinyeob , Rehwald Wolfgang , Grissom William A. , Vandsburger Moriel H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeCEST MRI has been used to probe changes in cardiac metabolism via assessment of CEST contrast from Cr. However, B1 variation across the myocardium leads to spatially variable Cr CEST contrast in healthy myocardium.MethodsWe developed a spatial–spectral (SPSP) saturation pulsed CEST protocol to compensate for B1 variation. Flip angle maps were used to individually tailor SPSP pulses comprised of a train of one‐dimensional spatially selective subpulses selective along the principal B1 gradient dimension. Complete Z‐spectra in the hearts of (n = 10) healthy individuals were acquired using conventional Gaussian saturation and SPSP schemes and supported by phantom studies.ResultsIn simulations, the use of SPSP pulses reduced the average SD of the effective saturation B1 values within the myocardium (n = 10) from 0.12 ± 0.02 μT to 0.05 ± 0.01 μT (p < 0.01) and reduced the average SD of Cr CEST contrast in vivo from 10.0 ± 4.3% to 6.1 ± 3.5% (p < 0.05). Results from the hearts of human subjects showed a significant reduction of CEST contrast distribution at 2 ppm, as well as amplitude, when using SPSP saturation. Corresponding phantom experiments revealed PCr‐specific contrast generation at body temperature when SPSP saturation was used but combined PCr and Cr contrast generation when Gaussian saturation was used.ConclusionThe use of SPSP saturation pulsed CEST resulted in PCr‐specific contrast generation and enabled ratiometric mapping of PCr to total Cr CEST contrast in the human heart at 3T.
SANISAND‐C*: Simple ANIsotropic constitutive model for SAND with Cementation
Authors: Landivar Macias Andony , Rotta Loria Alessandro F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCemented sands exhibit superior mechanical properties compared to clean sands. Based on this evidence, ground improvement methods are increasingly employed to induce cementing reactions that can bind the solid particles of sands and other soils for the ultimate enhancement of their properties and behavior. Despite increasing ground improvement applications, constitutive models capable of capturing cementation effects on the mechanics of sands remain scarce. This article presents SANISAND‐C*: a constitutive model developed in the framework of bounding surface and critical state plasticity to capture cementation effects on the mechanics of sands. In this paper, the mathematical formulation of this model is presented first. Then, a vast amount of experimental data available for different materials (i.e., types of sand), loading conditions (i.e., stress levels and paths), and cementation types (i.e., natural and artificial cementations) is used to validate the model. Based on the comparison between experimental and simulation results, this work finally discusses the capabilities and limitations of the proposed model, highlighting that it can realistically capture key properties of cemented sands: increased strength and stiffness, increased dilatancy, and bond destructuration upon loading.
Analytical solution for heat exchange in energy pile ground considering smear effects
Authors: Zhao Xudong , Ni Junjun , Liu Yang , Gong Wenhui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDue to the installation of energy piles, the surrounding soil will be inevitably disturbed, leading to a smaller void ratio and larger thermal conductivity. This study proposes a new closed‐form solution to calculate the heat exchange of energy pile foundations considering smear effects on the different soil thermal properties in the smear zone and undisturbed zone. The analytical model adopts the separation of variables to solve the governing equations. The eigenvalues are obtained according to a series of recurrence formulas and a transcendental equation. The solution is verified against existing analytical solutions in literature and numerical simulation, and an excellent agreement is obtained. The parametric study shows that a larger thermal conductivity of the soil in the smear zone results in a lower temperature at any given time. If the smear effects are not considered, the temperature will be overpredicted, especially for the pile and the soil in the smear zone. The proposed solution precisely predicts the soil temperature in the smear zone and undisturbed zone, which can contribute to the thermo‐mechanical behaviour of energy pile foundations in further work.
Volume‐based subset selection
Authors: Osinsky Alexander 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper provides a fast algorithm for the search of a dominant (locally maximum volume) submatrix, generalizing the existing algorithms from to submatrix columns, where is the number of searched rows. We prove the bound on the number of steps of the algorithm, which allows it to outperform the existing subset selection algorithms in either the bounds on the norm of the pseudoinverse of the found submatrix, or the bounds on the complexity, or both.
Multi‐omics approach to socioeconomic disparity in metabolic syndrome reveals roles of diet and microbiome
Authors: Bishehsari Faraz , Drees Michael , Adnan Darbaz , Sharma Deepak , Green Stefan , Koshy Jane , Giron Leila B. , Goldman Aaron , Abdel‐Mohsen Mohamed , Rasmussen Heather E. , Miller Gregory E , Keshavarzian Ali 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe epidemy of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is typically preceded by adoption of a “risky” lifestyle (e.g., dietary habit) among populations. Evidence shows that those with low socioeconomic status (SES) are at an increased risk for MetS. To investigate this, we recruited 123 obese subjects (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30) from Chicago. Multi‐omic data were collected to interrogate fecal microbiota, systemic markers of inflammation and immune activation, plasma metabolites, and plasma glycans. Intestinal permeability was measured using the sugar permeability testing. Our results suggest a heterogenous metabolic dysregulation among obese populations who are at risk of MetS. Systemic inflammation, linked to poor diet, intestinal microbiome dysbiosis, and gut barrier dysfunction may explain the development of MetS in these individuals. Our analysis revealed 37 key features associated with increased numbers of MetS features. These features were used to construct a composite metabolic‐inflammatory (MI) score that was able to predict progression of MetS among at‐risk individuals. The MI score was correlated with several markers of poor diet quality as well as lower levels of gut microbial diversity and abnormalities in several species of bacteria. This study reveals novel targets to reduce the burden of MetS and suggests access to healthy food options as a practical intervention.
Colloidal, Functional, Piezoelectric BaTiO3‐Au Nanohybrid for Wireless Cell Therapy
Authors: Dolai Jayanta , Sarkar Abu Raihan , Das Sampad , Jana Nikhil Ranjan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUltrasound‐assisted reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation from piezoelectric nanomaterial offers unique wireless therapeutic approach in remote places. In the previous work, piezoelectric barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanorod have been synthesized and used for wireless cell therapy. However, the piezoelectric property of BaTiO3 nanorod needs further improvement for diverse applications. In this work, it is shown that gold nanoparticle conjugation with BaTiO3 nanorod (BaTiO3‐Au) can significantly enhance the piezoelectric performance with the piezoelectric constant value of 110 pm V−1. The colloidal BaTiO3‐Au is further functionalized with folate for selective targeting of folate‐overexpressed cancer cells and used for wireless cell therapy via intracellular ROS generation under ultrasound exposure. The synthesized colloidal nanohybrid can be used for various therapeutic applications.
Deterministic Hyperparallel Control Gates with Weak Kerr Effects
Authors: Du Fang‐Fang , Fan Gang , Ren Xue‐Mei , Ma Ming 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBy harnessing weak cross‐Kerr nonlinearities, it proposes two deterministic hyperparallel quantum control gates, including the hyperparallel controlled‐NOT (hyper‐CNOT) gate and hyperparallel Fredkin (hyper‐Fredkin) gate for photonic systems in the polarization and spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs), which are composed of two procedures for the implementations of the first polarized control (CNOT and Fredkin) gates and the second spatial control (CNOT and Fredkin) ones in turn. Moreover, compared with the two two‐photon CNOT gates (three‐photon Fredkin gates) in one DoF, the hyper‐CNOT (hyper‐Fredkin) gate is provided with more straightforward quantum circuits, lower computational costs of resource overhead (without the assistance of single photons or entangled states), less cross‐Kerr nonlinear interactions between three photons and the coherent states, and reduces the effect caused by photon‐loss noise. The success probabilities of two quantum control gates are approximated unit by performing the corresponding classical feed‐forward operations based on the different measuring outcomes of the X‐homodyne detectors to be aimed at the coherent states, and they are robust against the photon loss as well, which are feasible with the current technology and convenient in practical applications.
How efficiently are we using our understanding of the tacit dimension of teaching?
Authors: Enow L. O. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper considers the tacit dimension of teaching. Policy and research focused on teaching have addressed the explicit application of knowledge within the field. This paper views knowledge from the positions of explicit knowledge, and implicit or tacit knowledge. Although widely acknowledged as a contributing constituent of teachers' practice, there has been limited research on tacit knowledge in teaching. The nature of teachers' work generates evidence from observable behaviour and action, and has contributed significantly to contemporary research on practice. Where there is a gap in similar expanse of research is on the understanding of the non‐observables and implicit or tacit knowledge which informs practice. This area of tacit knowledge in teaching remains minimally understood and under‐researched. The research presented in this paper identifies underlying cognitive processes which inform practice in teaching. For the first time in research on teaching, these cognitive processes have been amalgamated to capture what happens beyond that which is observable. A call for unison on the dynamics of implicit and explicit knowledge in teaching is urgent to unearth complexity and externalise professional development stages. The findings from this paper will be beneficial to teachers, teacher educators and policymakers.
Context and implicationsRationale for this studyThere is a strong body of work on the observable elements of teaching and how observed behaviour contributes to an improved understanding of practice. There is limited insight of the tacit composition of teaching.Why the new findings matterResearch into teaching acknowledges the place of tacit knowledge which underpins teacher action. This paper contributes to the field in the identification of cognitive processes which interact and subsequently activate observable teacher action or behaviour. Teacher thinking, evidenced in cognitive processes precedes teacher action and behaviour. Decision making in teaching is foundational, and the interplay of seven cognitive processes which this paper explores, advances understanding of the tacit composition of teaching.Implications for practiceThis paper impacts on the field of teaching in its ability to externalise the cognitive processes which shape practice. Whilst there is significant provision for the explicit knowledge of practice, there is limited understanding of the implicit constituents of teaching. From this paper, teachers are equipped with the understanding needed to develop the tacit elements of their practice. Another implication is on teacher education in the delivery of an enhanced and holistic preparation of new entrants to the profession. For policymakers, relevant policies which support teachers' development could be informed by knowledge of the tacit composition of teaching.
Packing list‐colorings
Authors: Cambie Stijn , Cames van Batenburg Wouter , Davies Ewan , Kang Ross J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractList coloring is an influential and classic topic in graph theory. We initiate the study of a natural strengthening of this problem, where instead of one list‐coloring, we seek many in parallel. Our explorations have uncovered a potentially rich seam of interesting problems spanning chromatic graph theory. Given a ‐list‐assignment of a graph , which is the assignment of a list of colors to each vertex , we study the existence of pairwise‐disjoint proper colorings of using colors from these lists. We may refer to this as a list‐packing. Using a mix of combinatorial and probabilistic methods, we set out some basic upper bounds on the smallest for which such a list‐packing is always guaranteed, in terms of the number of vertices, the degeneracy, the maximum degree, or the (list) chromatic number of . (The reader might already find it interesting that such a minimal is well defined.) We also pursue a more focused study of the case when is a bipartite graph. Our results do not yet rule out the tantalising prospect that the minimal above is not too much larger than the list chromatic number. Our study has taken inspiration from study of the strong chromatic number, and we also explore generalizations of the problem above in the same spirit.
Predictors of negative moral appraisals and their association with symptoms of post‐traumatic stress and depression in the context of COVID‐19 related stressors
Authors: Houle Stephanie A. , Ashbaugh Andrea R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResearch on moral injury (MI) suggests that negative moral appraisals of stressful events can impact mental health in high‐stakes occupational contexts (e.g., military). Few studies have examined these associations in the general population, limiting the generalisability of findings. Furthermore, factors that may predispose an individual to adverse outcomes in the context of moral stressors remain largely unknown. The objectives of this study were to (1) explore the applicability of the MI construct to stressors experienced by the general public during the COVID‐19 pandemic; (2) explore how trait differences in sense of duty, religiosity/spirituality, anxiety sensitivity, and guilt, shame, and anger, predict negative moral appraisals of COVID‐19 stressors. Participants (n = 355) completed an online survey assessing exposure to and appraisals of COVID‐19 stressors, mental health symptoms, and dispositional characteristics (i.e., trait emotions, anxiety sensitivity, sense of duty, religiosity/spirituality). Path analysis revealed specific indirect associations between self‐based moral appraisals and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression through guilt, and between both self‐ and other‐based moral appraisals and PTSD and depression through anger. Number of COVID‐19 stressors had no influence on associations. Sense of duty, reparative guilt, and anxiety sensitivity best predicted negative moral appraisals. Findings partially support the applicability of the MI construct outside the occupational context.
Hydratable Core–Shell Polymer Networks for Atmospheric Water Harvesting Powered by Sunlight
Authors: Maity Debasis , Teixeira Ana Palma , Fussenegger Martin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe development of technologies to enable fresh water harvesting from atmospheric moisture could help overcome the problem of potable water scarcity. Here, an atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) device is assembled in a core–shell structure, with the core consisting of networks of alginate (Alg) and polyaniline (PANI) and the outer layer consisting of thermo‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) modified with sulfonic acid groups (SPNIPAM) to increase the water adsorption at low relative humidity. The resulting hydrogel, modified with lithium chloride (LiCl) for increased water storage capacity (SPNIPAM‐Li‐PANIAlg), displays a similar lower critical solution temperature to pristine PNIPAM (32 °C) while affording a 15‐fold higher water capture ratio, and releases water upon exposure to sunlight at intensities less than 1 kW m−2. The developed AWH system is capable of harvesting 6.5 L of water per kilogram in a single daily absorption/desorption cycle under sunlight and can operate at relative humidity levels as low as 17% with no additional external energy input. The thermo‐responsive hydrogel SPNIPAM‐Li‐PANIAlg exhibits excellent stability during natural sunlight‐driven absorption/desorption cycles for at least 30 days, and allows sustainable harvesting of over 28.3 L kg−1 from a moisture‐rich environment by means of multiple absorption/desorption cycles.
An eco‐friendly management of organic waste and recycling of pond water of zoo aquatic animals by using Eudrilus eugeniae in Gandhi Zoological Park: A case study of vermicompost maturity
Authors: Mir Rouf Ahmad , Shrivastava Sarita 
Published: August 2023

AbstractZoo waste is a common problem in urban areas, as it overloads municipalities. To enhance the park's appeal, sustainability, and cleanliness, a pilot vermicomposting process was implemented as an alternative for organic waste disposal. It aimed to address the negative effects of poor organic waste management. Three types of pond water, namely hippopotamus, crocodile, and gharial, were recycled. Additionally, ostrich droppings and the nitrogenous compounds abundant in carnivore feces were utilized. The study sought to improve organic waste management and recycle pond water using exotic worms. Chemical and physical analyses were conducted on pond water and vermicompost obtained from Gandhi Zoological Park, revealing their high nutrient content. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to study the functional groups present in the compost and vermicompost, allowing the detection of vermicompost maturity. The biomass of exotic earthworms, as well as the count of cocoons, juveniles, and adults, was assessed during different seasons of the year. This approach facilitated the recycling of pond water and the reduction of organic waste within the zoo premises. It involved the symbiotic cooperation of earthworms and bacterial colonies, transforming the waste into a high‐quality product with balanced macro nutrients. The novelty of the study lies in its focus on nutrient recycling in pond water, ostrich droppings, and vermicomposting of organic waste from carnivores.
Dementia care navigation: Building toward a common definition, key principles, and outcomes
Authors: Kallmyer Beth A. , Bass David , Baumgart Matthew , Callahan Christopher M. , Dulaney Sarah , Evertson Leslie C. , Fazio Sam , Judge Katherine S. , Samus Quincy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAs the complexity of medical treatments and patient care systems have increased, the concept of patient navigation is growing in both popularity and breadth of application. Patient navigators are trained personnel whose role is not to provide clinical care, but to partner with patients to help them identify their needs and goals and then overcome modifiable patient‐, provider‐, and systems‐level barriers. Due to its high incidence, duration, and medical–social complexity, dementia is an ideal candidate for a patient‐centric health care delivery model such as care navigation.METHODSThe Alzheimer's Association formed an expert workgroup of researchers in the field of dementia care navigation to identify evidence‐based guidelines.RESULTSRecognizing the unique and challenging needs of persons living with dementia and their care partners, several U.S. dementia care navigation programs have been developed and assessed in recent years. Collectively these programs demonstrate that persons living with dementia and their care partners benefit from dementia care navigation. Improved care system outcomes for the person living with dementia include reduced emergency department visits, lower hospital readmissions, fewer days hospitalized, and shorter delays in long‐term care placement. Well‐being is also increased, as there is decreased depression, illness, strain, embarrassment, and behavioral symptoms and increased self‐reported quality of life. For care partners, dementia navigation resulted in decreased depression, burden, and unmet needs.DISCUSSIONThis article presents principles of dementia care navigation to inform existing and emerging dementia care navigation programs.Highlights
Several U.S. dementia care navigation programs have demonstrated outcomes for persons living with dementia, care partners, and health systems.
The Alzheimer's Association formed an expert workgroup of researchers in the field of dementia care navigation to create a shared definition and identify evidence‐based guidelines or principles.
These outlined principles of dementia care navigation can inform existing and emerging dementia care navigation programs.
Analysis of lower urinary tract signs and bacteriuria in cats with subcutaneous ureteral bypass systems
Authors: Djoneva Luba , Lawson Jack , Rutherford Lynda , Geddes Rebecca 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesDistinguishing bacterial cystitis from subclinical bacteriuria is necessary for feline treatment protocols and antimicrobial stewardship. This can be challenging in cats with subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) systems because they may present with lower urinary tract signs without bacteriuria. We investigated the relationship between positive urine culture and lower urinary tract signs in cats with SUBs, including factors associated with each.MethodsClinical records were retrospectively reviewed to identify cats presenting with ureteral obstruction that underwent placement of a SUB device(s). The relationship between a positive urine culture and lower urinary tract signs was determined by chi‐squared analysis. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to identify factors associated with positive urine cultures and lower urinary tract signs.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty visits were recorded for 61 cats, with 36 of 230 (16%) positive cultures in 21 of 61 (34%) cats. Lower urinary tract signs were documented at 97 of 230 (42%) visits, with 37 of 61 (61%) cats demonstrating lower urinary tract signs at some point. No relationship was found between culture results and lower urinary tract signs. Risk factors for a positive culture were higher urine pH, higher urine white blood cells and the presence of bacteriuria on microscopy. Risk factors for lower urinary tract signs were younger age and being a purebred cat (vs. non‐purebred).ConclusionsA high proportion of cats with SUBs exhibited sterile lower urinary tract signs, making differentiation between bacterial cystitis and subclinical bacteriuria difficult. This highlights the need for clearer guidelines on when to treat bacteriuria in cats with SUBs.
Einleitung
Authors: Heine Moreen 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDieses einleitende Kapitel gibt einen Überblick über die Inhalte des Buches (1.1). Es klärt begriffliche Grundlagen in aller Kürze (1.2) und zeigt die Anwendungsbereiche für KI in öffentlichen Verwaltungen auf (1.3).
KI & Ethik
Authors: Wessel Daniel 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel wird die Rolle der Ethik bei KI-Anwendungen betrachtet. Dafür werden zunächst grundlegende Begriffe definiert und ethische Aspekte beim Einsatz von KI-Systemen vorgestellt. Es werden Fragen zur Verfügung gestellt, die für die ethische Bewertung von KI-Anwendungen herangezogen werden können. Um die Auseinandersetzung mit ethischen Fragen plastischer darzustellen und eine weitere Perspektive zu bieten, endet das Kapitel mit einem Interview, das mit einem Wissenschaftler aus dem Bereich Angewandte Ethik geführt wurde.