bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulating gene editing in agriculture and food in the European Union: Disentangling expectations and path dependencies
Authors: Lindberg Sonja , Bain Carmen , Selfa Theresa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study investigates how proponents and critics of gene editing in agriculture and food (GEAF) employ expectations—discourses with future‐oriented impacts—as they compete to secure desired futures and mobilise social processes and resources towards their goal of influencing GEAF (re)regulation and agro‐food systems within the EU. We draw on 27 semi‐structured interviews and 53 Euractiv media articles to identify and analyse GEAF proponents’ and critics’ responses to the 2018 European Court of Justice regulatory decision that GEAF will be regulated as genetically modified organisms. Despite similar themes of environmental sustainability, food security and winners and losers in agricultural innovation systems, proponents’ and critics’ discourses reflect divergent expectations of GEAF. We argue that both groups link their expectations with concerns about path dependencies in technological innovations and agro‐food systems, which serve to influence emerging political, public and elite perspectives on GEAF. Although to some extent performative, these concerns offer important insights that should be problematised and engaged within GEAF governance spaces. This study is conceptually framed by the socio‐technical futures, path dependency and political economy of food and agriculture literature.
Bumetanide increases postsynaptic inhibition after chronic SCI and decreases presynaptic inhibition with step‐training
Authors: Caron Guillaume , Bilchak Jadwiga , Côté Marie‐Pascale 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCurrent anti‐spastic medication significantly compromises motor recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI), indicating a critical need for alternative interventions. Because a shift in chloride homeostasis decreases spinal inhibition and contributes to hyperreflexia after SCI, we investigated the effect of bumetanide, an FDA‐approved sodium‐potassium‐chloride intruder (NKCC1) antagonist, on presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibition. We compared its effect with step‐training as it is known to improve spinal inhibition by restoring chloride homeostasis. In SCI rats, a prolonged bumetanide treatment increased postynaptic inhibition but not presynaptic inhibition of the plantar H‐reflex evoked by posterior biceps and semitendinosus (PBSt) group I afferents. By using in vivo intracellular recordings of motoneurons, we further show that a prolonged bumetanide increased postsynaptic inhibition by hyperpolarizing the reversal potential for inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) after SCI. However, in step‐trained SCI rats an acute delivery of bumetanide decreased presynaptic inhibition of the H‐reflex, but not postsynaptic inhibition. These results suggest that bumetanide might be a viable option to improve postsynaptic inhibition after SCI, but it also decreases the recovery of presynaptic inhibition with step‐training. We discuss whether the effects of bumetanide are mediated by NKCC1 or by off‐target effects.
imageKey points
After spinal cord injury (SCI), chloride homeostasis is dysregulated over time in parallel with the decrease in presynaptic inhibition of Ia afferents and postsynaptic inhibition of motoneurons, and the development of spasticity.
While step‐training counteracts these effects, it cannot always be implemented in the clinic because of comorbidities. An alternative intervention is to use pharmacological strategies to decrease spasticity without hindering the recovery of motor function with step‐training.
Here we found that, after SCI, a prolonged bumetanide (an FDA‐approved antagonist of the sodium‐potassium‐chloride intruder, NKCC1) treatment increases postsynaptic inhibition of the H‐reflex, and it hyperpolarizes the reversal potential for inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in motoneurons.
However, in step‐trained SCI, an acute delivery of bumetanide decreases presynaptic inhibition of the H‐reflex, but not postsynaptic inhibition.
Our results suggest that bumetanide has the potential to decrease spastic symptoms related to a decrease in postsynaptic but not presynaptic inhibition after SCI.
Electromagnetic Model of Linear Resonant Actuators
Authors: Sorensen Khalid , Schmidt Ryan , Jenkins Alison , Lyman Colin , Singhose William , Schlagenhauf Franziska , Dobson Kelly 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLinear resonant actuators (LRAs) are used extensively in consumer electronic devices such as cell phones and fitness trackers to provide haptic signals to users. This work presents a dynamic model of LRAs based, principally, on the electromagnetic aspects of the these devices. The model predicts that the natural frequency exhibited by an LRA can deviate significantly from that predicted by conventional spring-mass-damper dynamic models. Preliminary experimental results appear to support theoretical findings.
Gas–Liquid Transport Behaviors and Mass Transfer Mechanism During Oxygen Dissolution and Evolution Processes in a Micropump
Authors: Ren Zhipeng , Li Deyou , Hao Honglei , Wang Hongjie , Liu Jintao , Li Yong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
On-orbit refueling and space circulation technologies involve the use of a space micropump to transport gas–liquid mixed fluids, which affects the gas–liquid mass transfer and dynamic behaviors. To predict dynamic mass transfer processes, our proposed dissolved and released models were applied to space micropump calculation after the verification of dissolved oxygen concentration and micropump energy characteristics. The mass transfer characteristics and gas–liquid states were investigated by combining the correlation analyses. The results show that the dissolved concentration and the volume fraction are considered to be strongly related to the mass transfer rate, and the effect of turbulence kinetic energy cannot be ignored particularly in the impeller and volute. Based on this, the gas–liquid state parameters are focused on unidirectional dissolved and bidirectional released-dissolved conditions. The released gas occupied the head of the suction surface of the long blades and developed downstream, and its presence causes a significant gas increase downstream. According to the mass-transfer characteristics comparisons, the oxygen increment decreases as the inlet dissolved oxygen concentration increases, exhibiting the similarity of the two-film theory. In addition, the evolution increases the fluctuation in the gas volume fraction and the total hydraulic loss. The current study guides the fueling gas–liquid mixed delivery status, and the dissolved gas concentration must be controlled strictly to avoid the evolution of gas to ensure safety and decrease the flow loss.
Exploring the Sport–Alcohol Relationship: A Longitudinal Qualitative Study of Student-Athlete Drinking Following the Transition out of University
Authors: Jankowski Mark , Partington Sarah , Heather Nick , Partington Elizabeth 
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to provide new knowledge about the temporal and contextual aspects of the alcohol–sport relationship. Eight U.K. student-athletes completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test in their final year at university, 18 months, and 30 months after graduation. They also completed semistructured interviews about their drinking motives, behaviors, and life circumstances. Results showed that participants reduced their alcohol consumption after leaving university, but despite the onset of some adult responsibilities, most were still drinking at hazardous levels. After university, drinking took place with old friends, new colleagues, and new sporting teammates. At all time points, social drinking motives were the most prevalent. Findings demonstrate a relationship between alcohol and sport that is cemented at university but continues beyond it. Targeted interventions to reduce the role of alcohol in the social experience of sport are needed to support long-term athlete health.
Systematic vertical organization of matrix-rich and associated matrix-poor sandstones in ancient deep-marine slope and basin-floor deposits
Authors: Ningthoujam Jagabir , (Bill) Arnott R.W.C. , Wearmouth Curran 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDeepmarine two-part strata consisting of a sand-rich basal part overlain sharply by a mud-rich upper part have been termed linked debrites, hybrid event beds, transitional flow deposits, and bipartite facies. In continental slope and proximal basin floor strata of the Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup (western North America) and distal basin-floor strata of the Ordovician Cloridorme Formation (eastern North America), bipartite facies form the middle of a depositional continuum hundreds of meters long consisting upflow of thick-bedded, matrix-poor sandstone (&lt;20% detrital mud matrix) to thin-bedded, sandy mud-stone (50%–90% mud matrix). This consistent lithofacies change is interpreted to reflect particle settling in a rapidly but systematically evolving, negligibly sheared sand-mud suspension developed along the margins (Windermere) and downflow terminus (Cloridorme) of a high-energy, mud-enriched avulsion jet.In both study areas, beds of similar lithofacies type succeed one another vertically and transform to the next facies in the depositional continuum at about the same along-strike position, forming stratal units two to nine beds thick whose grain-size distribution gradually decreases upward. This spatial and temporal regularity is interpreted to be caused by multiple surges of a single, progressively waning turbidity current, with sufficient lag between successive surges for the deposition of a traction-structured sandstone overlain by mudstone cap. Furthermore, the systematic back-stepping or side-stepping recognized at the stratal unit scale is interpreted to have been driven by a combination of knickpoint migration and local topographic steering of the flows, which continued until the supply of mud from local seafloor erosion became exhausted, the main channel avulsed elsewhere, or a new stratal element developed.
Oral iron supplementation and anaemia in children according to schedule, duration, dose and cosupplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 129 randomised trials
Authors: Andersen Christopher T , Marsden Daniel M , Duggan Christopher P , Liu Enju , Mozaffarian Dariush , Fawzi Wafaie W 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionWHO guidelines on iron supplementation among children call for further research to identify the optimal schedule, duration, dose and cosupplementation regimen.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials was undertaken. Randomised controlled trials providing ≥30 days of oral iron supplementation versus placebo or control to children and adolescents aged <20 years were eligible. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to summarise the potential benefits and harms of iron supplementation. Meta-regression was used to estimate iron effect heterogeneity.Results129 trials with 201 intervention arms randomised 34 564 children. Frequent (3–7/week) and intermittent (1–2/week) iron regimens were similarly effective at decreasing anaemia, iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia (p heterogeneity >0.05), although serum ferritin levels and (after adjustment for baseline anaemia) haemoglobin levels increased more with frequent supplementation. Shorter (1–3 months) versus longer (7+ months) durations of supplementation generally showed similar benefits after controlling for baseline anaemia status, except for ferritin which increased more with longer duration of supplementation (p=0.04). Moderate-dose and high-dose supplements were more effective than low-dose supplements at improving haemoglobin (p=0.004), ferritin (p=0.008) and iron deficiency anaemia (p=0.02), but had similar effects to low-dose supplements for overall anaemia. Iron supplementation provided similar benefits when administered alone or in combination with zinc or vitamin A, except for an attenuated effect on overall anaemia when iron was cosupplemented with zinc (p=0.048).ConclusionsWeekly and shorter duration iron supplementation at moderate or high doses might be optimal approaches for children and adolescents at risk of deficiency.Trial registration numberCRD42016039948.
Neurofilament light oligomers in neurodegenerative diseases: quantification by homogeneous immunoassay in cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Meda Francisco J. , Knowles Kathryn , Swift Imogen J. , Sogorb-Esteve Aitana , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Dittrich Anna , Skoog Ingmar , Kern Silke , Becker Bruno , Blennow Kaj , Andreasson Ulf , Kvartsberg Hlin , Zetterberg Henrik 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundNeurofilament light (NfL) is a widely used biomarker for neurodegeneration. NfL is prone to oligomerisation, but available assays do not reveal the exact molecular nature of the protein variant measured. The objective of this study was to develop a homogeneous ELISA capable of quantifying oligomeric NfL (oNfL) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).MethodsA homogeneous ELISA, based on the same capture and detection antibody (NfL21), was developed and used to quantify oNfL in samples from patients with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD, n=28), non-fluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA, n=23), semantic variant PPA (svPPA, n=10), Alzheimer’s disease (AD, n=20) and healthy controls (n=20). The nature of NfL in CSF, and the recombinant protein calibrator, was also characterised by size exclusion chromatography (SEC).ResultsCSF concentration of oNfL was significantly higher in nfvPPA (p<0.0001) and svPPA patients (p<0.05) compared with controls. CSF oNfL concentration was also significantly higher in nfvPPA compared with bvFTD (p<0.001) and AD (p<0.01) patients. SEC data showed a peak fraction compatible with a full-length dimer (~135 kDa) in the in-house calibrator. For CSF, the peak was found in a fraction of lower molecular weight (~53 kDa), suggesting dimerisation of NfL fragments.ConclusionsThe homogeneous ELISA and SEC data suggest that most of the NfL in both the calibrator and human CSF is present as a dimer. In CSF, the dimer appears to be truncated. Further studies are needed to determine its precise molecular composition.
Women’s needs for lifestyle risk reduction engagement during the interconception period: a scoping review
Authors: James Sharon , Moulton Jessica E , Assifi Anisa , Botfield Jessica , Black Kirsten , Hanson Mark , Mazza Danielle 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundUnhealthy lifestyle is responsible for many chronic conditions, and antenatal engagement with women about lifestyle behaviours can be too late to prevent some adverse pregnancy outcomes and subsequent childhood risks. To reduce the risk of future adverse outcomes, the interconception period is an opportunity to implement positive health changes. The aim of this scoping review was to explore women’s needs for lifestyle risk reduction engagement during the interconception period.MethodsThe JBI methodology guided our scoping review. Six databases were searched for peer-reviewed, English-language research papers published between 2010 and 2021 on topics including perceptions, attitudes, lifestyle, postpartum, preconception and interconception. Title-abstract and full text screening was independently undertaken by two authors. Included papers’ reference lists were searched to find additional papers. The main concepts were then identified using a descriptive and tabular approach.ResultsA total of 1734 papers were screened and 33 met our inclusion criteria. Most included papers (82%, n=27) reported on nutrition and/or physical activity. Papers identified interconception through postpartum and/or preconception. Women’s self-management needs for lifestyle risk reduction engagement during interconception included: informational needs, managing competing priorities, physical and mental health, self-perception and motivation, access to services and professional support, and family and peer networks.ConclusionsThere is a range of challenges for women to engage in lifestyle risk reduction during interconception. To enable women’s preferences for how lifestyle risk reduction activities can be enacted, issues including childcare, ongoing and tailored health professional support, domestic support, cost and health literacy need to be addressed.
Cost-effectiveness of home-based cardiac rehabilitation: a systematic review
Authors: Shields Gemma E , Rowlandson Aleix , Dalal Garima , Nickerson Stuart , Cranmer Holly , Capobianco Lora , Doherty Patrick 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveCentre-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is recognised as cost-effective for individuals following a cardiac event. However, home-based alternatives are becoming increasingly popular, especially since COVID-19, which necessitated alternative modes of care delivery. This review aimed to assess whether home-based CR interventions are cost-effective (vs centre-based CR).MethodsUsing the MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO databases, literature searches were conducted in October 2021 to identify full economic evaluations (synthesising costs and effects). Studies were included if they focused on home-based elements of a CR programme or full home-based programmes. Data extraction and critical appraisal were completed using the NHS EED handbook, Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards and Drummond checklists and were summarised narratively. The protocol was registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42021286252).ResultsNine studies were included in the review. Interventions were heterogeneous in terms of delivery, components of care and duration. Most studies were economic evaluations within clinical trials (8/9). All studies reported quality-adjusted life years, with the EQ-5D as the most common measure of health status (6/9 studies). Most studies (7/9 studies) concluded that home-based CR (added to or replacing centre-based CR) was cost-effective compared with centre-based options.ConclusionsEvidence suggests that home-based CR options are cost-effective. The limited size of the evidence base and heterogeneity in methods limits external validity. There were further limitations to the evidence base (eg, limited sample sizes) that increase uncertainty. Future research is needed to cover a greater range of home-based designs, including home-based options for psychological care, with greater sample sizes and the potential to acknowledge patient heterogeneity.
Formal consensus study on surgery to replace the aortic valve in adults aged 18–60 years
Authors: Stoica Serban , Beard Chloe , Takkenberg Johanna J M , Mokhles Mostafa M , Turner Mark , Pepper John , Hopewell-Kelly Noreen , Benedetto Umberto , Nashef Samer A M , El-Hamamsy Ismail , Skillington Peter , Glauber Mattia , De Paulis Ruggero , Tseng Elaine , Meuris Bart , Sitges Marta , Delgado Victoria , Krane Markus , Kostolny Martin , Pufulete Maria 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveThere is uncertainty about surgical procedures for adult patients aged 18–60 years undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR). Options include conventional AVR (mechanical, mAVR; tissue, tAVR), the pulmonary autograft (Ross) and aortic valve neocuspidisation (Ozaki). Transcatheter treatment may be an option for selected patients. We used formal consensus methodology to make recommendations about the suitability of each procedure.MethodsA working group, supported by a patient advisory group, developed a list of clinical scenarios across seven domains (anatomy, presentation, cardiac/non-cardiac comorbidities, concurrent treatments, lifestyle, preferences). A consensus group of 12 clinicians rated the appropriateness of each surgical procedure for each scenario on a 9-point Likert scale on two separate occasions (before and after a 1-day meeting).ResultsThere was a consensus that each procedure was appropriate (A) or inappropriate (I) for all clinical scenarios as follows: mAVR: total 76% (57% A, 19% I); tAVR: total 68% (68% A, 0% I); Ross: total 66% (39% A, 27% I); Ozaki: total 31% (3% A, 28% I). The remainder of percentages to 100% reflects the degree of uncertainty. There was a consensus that transcatheter aortic valve implantation is appropriate for 5 of 68 (7%) of all clinical scenarios (including frailty, prohibitive surgical risk and very limited life span).ConclusionsEvidence-based expert opinion emerging from a formal consensus process indicates that besides conventional AVR options, there is a high degree of certainty about the suitability of the Ross procedure in patients aged 18–60 years. Future clinical guidelines should include the option of the Ross procedure in aortic prosthetic valve selection.
The effective equation of state in Palatini $$f({{\mathcal {R}}})$$ cosmology
Authors: Camera Stefano , Capozziello Salvatore , Fatibene Lorenzo , Orizzonte Andrea 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe investigate how the cosmological equation of state can be used for scrutinizing extended theories of gravity, in particular, the Palatini $$f({{\mathcal {R}}})$$

f
(
R
)

gravity. Specifically, the approach consists, at first, in investigating the effective equation of state produced by a given model. Then, the inverse problem can also be considered in view of determining which models are compatible with a given effective equation of state. We consider and solve some cases and show that, for example, power-law models are (the only models) capable of transforming barotropic Equations of State into effective barotropic ones. Moreover, the form of equation of state is preserved (only) for $$f({{\mathcal {R}}})={{\mathcal {R}}}$$

f
(
R
)
=
R

, as expected. In this perspective, modified Equations of State are a feature capable of distinguishing extended gravity with respect to general relativity. We investigate also quadratic and non-homogeneous effective Equations of State showing, in particular, that they contain the Starobinsky model and other ones.
ZyPR: End-to-end Build Tool and Runtime Manager for Partial Reconfiguration of FPGA SoCs at the Edge
Authors: Bucknall Alex R. , Fahmy Suhaib A. 
Published: February 2023

Partial reconfiguration (PR) is a key enabler to the design and development of adaptive systems on modern Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Systems-on-Chip (SoCs), allowing hardware to be adapted dynamically at runtime. Vendor-supported PR infrastructure is performance-limited and blocking, drivers entail complex memory management, and software/hardware design requires bespoke knowledge of the underlying hardware. This article presents ZyPR: a complete end-to-end framework that provides high-performance reconfiguration of hardware from within a software abstraction in the Linux userspace, automating the process of building PR applications with support for the Xilinx Zynq and Zynq UltraScale+ architectures, aimed at enabling non-expert application designers to leverage PR for edge applications. We compare ZyPR against traditional vendor tooling for PR management as well as recent open source tools that support PR under Linux. The framework provides a high-performance runtime along with low overhead for its provided abstractions. We introduce improvements to our previous work, increasing the provisioning throughput for PR bitstreams on the Zynq Ultrascale+ by 2× and 5.4× compared to Xilinx’s FPGA Manager.