bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple serum anti-glutamate receptor antibody levels in clozapine-treated/naïve patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia
Authors: He Jingqi , Li Jinguang , Wei Yisen , Liu Junyu , Yuan Ning , Zhou Rishen , He Xingtao , Ren Honghong , Liao Yanhui , Gu Lin , Chen Xiaogang , Tang Jinsong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Glutamatergic function deficits have been associated with the pathogenesis of treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS), while the effects of clozapine on the glutamate system may contribute to its superior efficacy. In recent years, evidence emerged supporting the involvement of immune processes and increased prevalence of antineuronal antibodies in TRS. In this present study, we aimed to investigate multiple anti-glutamate receptor antibody levels in TRS and explored the effects of clozapine on these antibody levels.
Methods
We measured and compared multiple anti-glutamate receptor (NMDAR, AMPAR, mGlur3, mGluR5) antibody levels among clozapine-treated patients with TRS (TRS-C, n = 37), clozapine-naïve patients with TRS (TRS-nC, n = 39), and patients with nTRS (NTRS, n = 35), using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Severity of clinical symptoms was evaluated with Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS). Cognitive function was assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB).
Results
The four glutamate receptor antibody levels in the TRS-nC were higher than those in the NTRS (p < 0.001). The anti-mGluR3 antibody levels in the TRS-C were similar to those in the NTRS (p = 0.233), and the other three antibody levels were between the NTRS and the TRS-nC. However, in all three groups, no significant associations were found between antibody levels and symptom severity or cognitive function.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that both glutamatergic function deficits and immune processes may play a role in the pathogenesis of TRS. The effect of clozapine targeting anti-glutamate receptor antibody levels may be an element of its pharmacology that contribute to its therapeutic effects.
Cryopreventive temperatures prior to chemotherapy
Authors: Ibrahim Aram , Camci Emine , Khairallah Lina , Jontell Mats , Walladbegi Java 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: The superiority of oral cryotherapy (OC) for prevention of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (OM) has been demonstrated in several trials. In clinical settings, cooling is usually initiated prior to the chemotherapy infusion. It then continues during the infusion, and for a period after the infusion has been completed. While the cooling period post-infusion depends on the half-life of the chemotherapeutic drug, there is no consensus on when cooling should be initiated prior to the infusion. The lowest achieved temperature in the oral mucosa is believed to provide the best conditions to prevent OM. Given this, it was of interest to investigate when along the course of intraoral cooling this temperature is achieved.
Subjects and method: In total, 20 healthy volunteers participated in this randomized crossover trial. Each subject attended three separate cooling sessions of 30 minutes each, with ice chips (IC) and the intraoral cooling device (ICD) set to 8°C and 15°C, respectively. At baseline and following 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 minutes of cooling, intraoral temperatures were registered using a thermographic camera.
Results: The greatest drop in intraoral temperature was seen after 5 minutes of cooling with both IC, ICD8°C and ICD15°C, respectively. A statistically significant difference, corresponding to 1.4°C was seen between IC and the ICD15°C (p < 0.05). The intraoral temperature further declined throughout the 30 minutes of cooling, showing an additional temperature reduction of 3.1°C, 2.2°C, and 1.7°C for IC, ICD8°C and ICD15°C, respectively.
Conclusion: The greatest drop in intraoral temperature is seen following 5 minutes of cooling.
Necessity of fusion following decompression surgery in patients with single-level lumbar stenosis: study protocol for an open-label multicenter non-inferiority randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Grin Andrey , Lvov Ivan , Talypov Aleksandr , Smirnov Vladimir , Kordonskiy Anton , Lebedev Valeriy , Kalandari Alik , Zuev Andrey , Senko Ilya , Pogonchenkova Irena , Krylov Vladimir 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background

The necessity of spinal segment fusion after decompression is one of the most controversial and unresolved issues in single-level lumbar spinal stenosis surgery. To date, only one trial carried out 15 years ago focused on this problem. The key purpose of the current trial is to compare the long-term clinical results of the two surgical methods (decompression vs. decompression and fusion) in patients with single-level lumbar stenosis.

Methods

This study is focused on the non-inferior clinical results of decompression compared with the standard fusion procedure. In the decompression group, the spinous process, the interspinous and supraspinous ligaments, part of the facet joints, and corresponding parts of the vertebral arch are to be preserved intact. In the fusion group, decompression is to be supplemented with transforaminal interbody fusion. Participants meeting the inclusion criteria will be randomly divided into two equal groups (1:1), depending on the surgical method. The final analysis will include 86 patients (43 per group). The primary endpoint is Oswestry Disability Index dynamics at the end of the 24-month follow-up compared to the baseline level. Secondary outcomes included those estimated using the SF-36 scale, EQ-5D-5L, and psychological scales. Additional parameters will include sagittal balance of the spine, fusion results, total cost of surgery, and hospital stay followed by two-year treatment. Follow-up examinations will be performed at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months

Discussion

Authors suggest that this study will improve the evidence for application of various surgical techniques for lumbar spine stenosis surgery and verify the existing protocol for surgical management.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05273879. Registered on March 10, 2022, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05273879
Discovering patterns in outpatient neurology appointments using state sequence analysis
Authors: Biggin Fran , Ashcroft Quinta , Howcroft Timothy , Knight Jo , Emsley Hedley 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Outpatient services in the UK, and in particular outpatient neurology services, are under considerable pressure with an ever-increasing gap between capacity and demand. To improve services, we first need to understand the current situation. This study aims to explore the patterns of appointment type seen in outpatient neurology, in order to identify potential opportunities for change.
Methods
We use State Sequence Analysis (SSA) on routinely collected data from a single neurology outpatient clinic. SSA is an exploratory methodology which allows patterns within sequences of appointments to be discovered. We analyse sequences of appointments for the 18 months following a new appointment. Using SSA we create groups of similar appointment sequence patterns, and then analyse these clusters to determine if there are particular sequences common to different diagnostic categories.
Results
Of 1315 patients 887 patients had only one appointment. Among the 428 patients who had more than one appointment a 6 monthly cycle of appointments was apparent. SSA revealed that there were 11 distinct clusters of appointment sequence patterns. Further analysis showed that there are 3 diagnosis categories which have significant influence over which cluster a patient falls into: seizure/epilepsy, movement disorders, and headache.
Conclusions
Neurology outpatient appointment sequences show great diversity, but there are some patterns which are common to specific diagnostic categories. Information about these common patterns could be used to inform the structure of future outpatient appointments.
Comparison of Freehand Technique and a Novel Laser-Guiding Navigation System in Femoral Neck-Cannulated Screw Fixation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gao Hua , Liu Zhenyu , Bai Xiaodong , Wang Gang , Xu Guoqiang , Ma Ji , Wang Yijun , Wang Jiatian , Chen Wentao , Wang Baojun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Cannulated screw fixation is essential in treating femoral neck fractures, and the widely used freehand technique has several limitations. Therefore, we designed a new laser-positioning and navigation system and compared its efficacy with that of the traditional freehand technique in the cannulated screw fixation of femoral neck fractures. This randomized controlled single-blind trial recruited patients with femoral neck fracture, who were treated using either the newly designed laser-navigation device or the freehand technique. In in-vitro experiments, using the femoral neck model, the laser group was better than the freehand group in terms of operation time (P=0.0153) and radiation exposure time (P<0.001). In in-vivoexperiments, involving 30 patients (15 in each group), the laser group was better than the freehand group in terms of operation time (P<0.001), radiation exposure time (P<0.001), blood loss (P<0.001) and first success rate (P=0.03). There was no difference in visual analog scale score, Harris score, and fracture-healing time between the two groups. In conclusion, the novel laser-guiding navigation system resulted in shorter operation time, less radiation exposure, and higher first success rate compared with the freehand technique. Further qualified investigations with a larger number of patients and longer follow-up are required in the future.
Proximity extracellular protein-protein interaction analysis of EGFR using AirID-conjugated fragment of antigen binding
Authors: Yamada Kohdai , Shioya Ryouhei , Nishino Kohei , Furihata Hirotake , Hijikata Atsushi , Kaneko Mika , Kato Yukinari , Shirai Tsuyoshi , Kosako Hidetaka , Sawasaki Tatsuya 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Receptor proteins, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), interact with other proteins in the extracellular region of the cell membrane to drive intracellular signalling. Therefore, analysis of extracellular protein-protein interactions (exPPIs) is important for understanding the biological function of receptor proteins. Here, we demonstrate a new approach using a proximity biotinylation enzyme (AirID) fusion fragment of antigen binding (FabID) to analyse the proximity exPPIs of EGFR. AirID was C-terminally fused to the Fab fragment against EGFR (EGFR-FabID), which could then biotinylate the extracellular region of EGFR in several cell lines. LC-MS/MS analysis indicated that many known EGFR interactors were identified as proximity exPPIs, along with many new candidate interactors, using EGFR-FabID. Interestingly, these proximity exPPIs were influenced by treatment with EGF ligand and its specific kinase inhibitor, gefitinib. These results indicate that FabID provides accurate proximity exPPI analysis of target receptor proteins on cell membranes with ligand and drug responses.
WITHDRAWN: Design of 5G MIMO Aerial With Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection.
Authors: S AJITH A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Novel antenna designs that utilise antenna arrays to provide improved coverage, minimise interference, and boost data-carrying capacity are needed to meet 5G targets. This paper provides an approach for designing an inverted-L 5G MIMO antenna with SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) calculation. The designed antenna will be resonating at 5.84GHz, with optimal parameters like reflection coefficient, gain and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). The measured bandwidth is in the range of 3.07GHz to 6.6GHz. The simulated human body SAR values are 0.925 W/kg, which is less than the ICNIRP-recommended SAR safety limit of 2 W/kg. The user-friendly CST Microwave Studio Software is used for all simulations and design.
Distance learning and face-to-face learning in medical PBL course during COVID-19 pandemic: an investigation and teaching experience
Authors: Chen Fang Hsu , Wu Bo-Ren , Chi Chih-Hsien 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
To prevent the infection and outbreak of COVID-19, the education method has adjusted the conventional in-person classes to distance learning in recent two years. Most classes were lectures that could go well if the participants were familiar with the online operation and had a stable network environment. Nevertheless, classes such as problem-based learning (PBL) rely on plenty of discussions and still have some limitations for communication and group development. In this research, we surveyed the learning effects of face-to-face (FF) and distance learning (DL) in the medical PBL course at Cheng-Kung University for two individual classes. Tutors and students were requested to give grades for the five key areas (participation, communication, preparation, critical thinking, and group skill). Five factors are used to evaluate the learning effect of face-to-face and distance learning. Compared with FF and DL methods, our research clarified that student learning effects would reduce participation, communication, and group skills by questionnaire survey. The tutors’ perspective regarded participation and communication ability as reduced at distance learning. But for group skills, one of the two classes showed no difference. Our research provides an experience for the PBL class focusing on discussion and communication. In the post-pandemic era, whether face-to-face or distance learning, classes should be adjusted properly to let students conduct effective communication in time.
Acetylglutamine facilitates motor recovery after brachial plexus root avulsion in ratsby promoting motoneuronal survival and axonal remyelination
Authors: Wu Lin , Chen Shuangxi , He Bing , Zhou Guijuan , Xu Yan , Zhu Guanghua , Xie Juan , Deng Limin , Wen Xuanwei , Li Sijing , Xiao Zijian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Brachial plexus root avulsion (BPRA) is a disabling peripheral nerve injury that induces substantial death of motoneurons, degeneration of motor axons and de-innervation of biceps muscles, leading toloss of upper limb motor function. Acetylglutamine (N-acetyl-L-glutamine, NAG) has been proved to exert neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in various disorders in the nervous system. Hence, the present study focused on the effect of NAG on motor recovery after BPRA in rats and the underlying mechanisms.
Methods: Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were subject to BPRA and reimplantation surgery andsubsequently treated with NAG or saline. Behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate motor function recovery and mechanical pain threshold of the affected forelimb. The morphological appearance of the spinal cord, musculocutaneous nerve, and biceps brachii was assessed by histological staining. Quantitative real-time PCR was utilized to measure the mRNA levels of remyelination and regenerstion indicators on myocutaneous nerves. The protein levels of inflammatory and pyroptotic indicators in the anterior horn of the spinal cord were measured using Western blot analysis.
Results: Our results indicated NAG could significantly accelerate recovery of motor function in the injured forelimbs, enhance motoneuronal survival in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, inhibit the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and pyroptosis pathway, facilitate axonal remyelination in the myocutaneous nerve and alleviate atrophy of biceps brachii. Additionally, NAG attenuated neuropathic pain following BPRA.
Conclusion: NAG promotes functional motor recovery by enhancing motoneuronal survival and axonal remyelination and inhibiting the pyroptosis pathway after BPRA in rats, laying the foundation for NAG to be a novel strategy for BPRA treatment.
The prevalence and clinical importance of isolated inverted T wave in precordial leads
Authors: Rad Seyed Hamed Banihashem , Moohebati Mohsen , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid , Ebrahimi Mahmoud , Zandi Zahra , Esmaily Habibollah 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Isolated precordial inverted T-wave (IPITW) is a challenging finding on electrocardiogram (ECG) due to a wide range of differential diagnoses ranging from a normal finding to coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to determine the overall prevalence of IPITW and its underlying causes along with ECG mapping.
Materials and methods: The MASHAD cohort study participants (phase II) were screened for the presence of IPITW on the ECG. Demographic and clinical information of patients with IPITW extracted from the cohort study archive. ECG mapping and trans-thoracic echocardiography were performed on randomly selected 40 participants with IPITW. These participants were divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic groups.
Results: The prevalence of IPITW was 1.56%. Of the selected 40 participants (9, 22.5% male and 31, 77.5% female), IPITW was mostly present in V3 and V4 leads (77.5% in each case). There was no significant difference in the number of leads with IPITW between I, M and N patterns (p = 0.051). Hypertension, ischemic heart disease (IHD) and heart failure (HF) were the least prevalent among N pattern group. The prevalence of heart failure was the highest in M pattern group (60%). Pattern I was associated with 525.2-fold increased likelihood of IHD compared to the N pattern. I pattern had the highest sensitivity (68.42%), specificity (90.48%), positive (86.67%) and negative (76.0 %) predictive values in IHD diagnosis.
Conclusions: IPITW in the presence of I pattern in ECG mapping can be an indicator for IHD.
Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and associated risk factors among small-holder fish vendors along coastal areas in Tanzania
Authors: Onesmo Brigitha M. , Mamuya Simon H. , Mwema Mwema Felix , Hella Jerry 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: In Tanzania little is known on how the respiratory system of small-holder fish vendors is affected by occupational exposure to biomass smoke and other associated risk factors. The current study assesses the prevalence of lung obstruction and associated risk factors among small-holder fish vendors along coastal areas in Tanzania.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted along coastal areas of Tanzania in Bagamoyo and Kunduchi fish markets. Environmental air pollutant levels and composition were measured using a hand-held device. A standardized questionnaire was used to assess respiratory symptoms while EasyOne spirometer was used to test for lung function among small-holder fish vendors. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) was defined as FEV1/FVC below the lower limit of normal. Data were analyzed using STATA Version 17. Descriptive statistics was performed and logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors that are associated with poor lung function presented as crude and adjusted odds ratio and their 95% confidence intervals.
Results: A total of 103 participants were included in the study who were predominantly males (79.6%). The participants’ mean age was 35.47 (±8.77 SD) years. The hourly average concentration levels of PM1, PM2.5, PM10, and CO exposure during fish frying were 653.6 (± 206.3 SD) µg/m3, 748.48 (± 200.6 SD) µg/m3, 798.66 (± 181.71 SD) µg/m3 and 62.6 (± 12.3 SD) ppm respectively which is higher than the WHO recommended limits. The prevalence of COPD was found to be 32.04% (95% CI 0.23-0.42) which was associated with respiratory symptoms like coughing, wheezing, sputum production and breathlessness among participants. The odds for COPD was lower among males (AOR 0.25, 95% CI 0.06-1.16), but intuitively higher among those with history of TB (AOR 1.75, 95% CI 0.2-15.38), underweight (AOR 6.91, 95% CI 0.61-78.53) and those with increased number of days one worked in frying fish.
Conclusion: Findings suggest that three out of ten participants had COPD predominantly due to occupational exposure to biomass smoke being the most risk factor. This calls for effective approaches to reduce exposure and prevent known acute and chronic respiratory diseases that are associated with such exposure to air pollutants.
High sensitive thermoplastic polyurethane/carbon nanotubes strain sensor fitting by a novel optimization empirical model
Authors: Wang Xin , Qu Muchao , Wu Kuangqi , Schubert Dirk W. , Liu Xianhu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A variety of high-performance strain sensors for monitoring changes in physical quantities has attracted considerable interest from academia and industry. In this work, a high sensitive flexible strain sensor is fabricated through electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fibrous film with dip-coating ultrasonication treated carbon nanotubes (CNTs). TPU/CNTs strain sensor exhibits an excellent comprehensive performance of high sensitivity (maximum gauge factor of 1571), outstanding tensile strength and toughness (stress > 24 MPa, strain > 400%), brilliant durability (10000 cycles at 10% strain) and a widely workable stretching range (0 ~ 400%). Based on the properties of high sensitivity, wearable and wide workable, TPU/CNTs strain sensor has been prepared as a simple application for intelligent terminals, e-skins and body activity monitoring. More importantly, this work introduces a novel optimization empirical equation provided by our group to describe and predict the conductive response on the stretching of the sensor. Compared with the general optimization model, our novel optimization empirical model presents a better fitting degree and more similar to the benchmark mathematic model from tunnelling theory. Furthermore, this model provides a good description of the changes in the conductive pathways during the operation of different sensors as well.