bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring methods and student performance in distance education exams
Authors: Rodríguez-Villalobos Martha , Fernandez-Garza Jessica , Heredia-Escorza Yolanda 
Published: February 2023

PurposeThe objective of this study was to compare three distinct methods of test monitoring in the context of distance education—non-proctored remote or online tests, traditional face-to-face proctored tests and remotely proctored tests using software—to analyze if the method in which tests are monitored influences the obtained grades.Design/methodology/approachThe experiment was carried out at the postgraduate level in the Master's Degree in Administration program in the modality of distance education, with a total of 296 students during three terms wherein the monitoring method of the final exam varied, keeping the other variables constant. This study used a quantitative method in which the distribution of grades was analyzed; and the grades from each method were tested. Finally, using a multiple linear regression model with dichotomous variables, the impact on students' academic performance with each method was quantified.FindingsThe results indicated that the remotely proctored online test grades were seven points lower with respect to the traditional method. This result does not mean that the lower scores in the remote proctored condition were due to better adherence to academic honesty, maybe this could be due to test anxiety, technology interference or a number of other factors that would confound the validity of the final test score.Practical implicationsThe results indicated that the non-proctored online test favored the grade in four points with respect to the traditional method.Social implicationsThe authors conclude to support recommending non-proctored online test, this can be a closer substitute to the traditional method than remote application with software monitoring.Originality/valueNot exist another paper to compare three distinct methods of test monitoring in the context of distance education.
Mediating role of lean management on the effects of workforce management and value-added time in private hospitals
Authors: Ahmed Selim , Hawarna Shatha , Alqasmi Ibrahim , Ashrafi Dewan Mehrab , Rahman Muhammad Khalilur 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the mediating role of lean management on the relationship between workforce management and value-added time in private hospitals. This study also investigates the direct influences of workforce management and lean management on the value-added time of the hospitals.

Design/methodology/approach
This study applied a quantitative approach to obtain data from the private hospitals’ staff in Peninsular Malaysia. A self-administered survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 287 hospital staff using a stratified random sampling method. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach was used to determine the internal consistency, reliability, validity of the constructs. The PLS-SEM method was also used to test the hypothesised research model via SmartPLS 3.3.4 version.

Findings
The findings of the study indicate that lean management has a direct and significant effect on the value-added time of private hospitals. The findings also revealed that lean management significantly mediates the relationship between workforce management and value-added time in private hospitals. The analysis of the results indicates that both workforce and lean management have a significant impact on the value-added time of the hospitals.

Practical implications
This study provides empirical contributions to enhance the quality of workforce management, lean management and value-added time. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into how effectively managing the workforce and providing guidelines to augment the lean management practices can ensure value-added time in Malaysian hospitals and the overall health-care industry. The lean management framework provides useful insights for the policymakers to understand the significance of workforce management, lean management on ensuring value-added time through reducing waiting times, unnecessary delays, generating a higher degree of patient safety, satisfaction and loyalty.

Originality/value
The research findings provide some essential indications for the health-care service providers to understand how the lean management approach can be implemented to enhance value-added time and how lean management can play a mediating role in creating a link between workforce management and value-added time in hospitals. This study also contributes to the theoretical and practical perspectives. The present study contributes to a better understanding of workforce management and lean management in health-care sectors from theoretical and practical perspectives.
Design and development of a cable-driven elephant trunk robot with variable cross-sections
Authors: Qin Guodong , Wang Qi , Li Changyang , Ji Aihong , Wu Huapeng , Yang Zhikang , Wen Shikun 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
In large equipment and highly complex confined workspaces, the maintenance is usually carried out by snake-arm robots with equal cross-sections. However, the equal cross-sectional design results in the snake arm suffering from stress concentration and restricted working space. The purpose of this paper is to design a variable cross-section elephant trunk robot (ETR) that can address these shortcomings through bionic principles.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper proposes a cable-driven ETR to explore the advantages and inspiration of variable cross-section features for hyper-redundant robot design. For the kinematic characteristics, the influence of the variable cross-section design on the maximum joint angle of the ETR is analysed using the control variables method and the structural parameters are selected. Based on the biological inspiration of the whole elephant trunk following the movement of the trunk tip, a trajectory-tracking algorithm is designed to solve the inverse kinematics of the ETR.

Findings
Simulation and test results show the unique advantages of the proposed variable cross-section ETR in kinematics and forces, which can reduce stress concentrations and increase the flexibility of movement.

Originality/value
This paper presents a design method for a variable cross-section ETR for confined working spaces, analyses the kinematic characteristics and develops a targeted trajectory control algorithm.
Adult family violence coming out of the shadows
Authors: Benbow Susan Mary , Bhattacharyya Sarmishtha , Kingston Paul 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
This study aims to draw together what is known regarding the characteristics and context of adult family violence, and to consider what practitioners and organisations in the UK might learn from the literature.

Design/methodology/approach
This study reviews literature on adult family violence and parricide and includes illustrative cases from a study of domestic homicide review reports involving older adults.

Findings
Adult family violence most often involves mothers killed by their adult sons. Mental health issues, alcohol/substance misuse and criminality are common themes for perpetrators. Caregiving responsibilities is a theme for both victims and perpetrators. Previous research identified two main categories of adult family homicide: perpetrators with major psychotic illness, and victims-perpetrators in complex relational contexts.

Practical implications
This study considers how practitioners respond to situations of adult family violence and learning for policymakers, agencies and practitioners.

Originality/value
This paper summarises what is known, argues that more research is needed and suggests practical ways forward for policymakers, relevant agencies and practitioners.
Does COVID-19 disrupt competition? Evidence from Iran
Authors: Yousefi Kowsar , Taiebnia Ali 
Published: February 2023

PurposeFollowing the COVID-19 outbreak, there are concerns whether economies are becoming farther from equality and competency. While this matters to every economy, it is more crucial for developing ones who already suffer from income inequalities and lack of competency. The purpose of this paper is to address this issue.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses an administrative data from the Iran's Social Security Organization (ISSO) that provides insurance to workers entitled to the Labor Law of Iran. The data contain more than 7,000,000 workers. The authors assess heterogeneous impact of the first wave of the pandemic by firms' size and average payment.FindingsThe authors’ estimation results indicate that, following the initiation of the pandemic, the workers whose corresponding firms are smaller, overall, are more prone to the pandemic and are more likely to submit a request for unemployment benefits. However, the relation is neither homogeneous across sectors nor linear among micro-sized firms. Few sectors indicate a positive relationship between size and likelihood of request submission, including cultural activity, shoemaking and clothing sectors. Besides the size, the authors investigate whether pay grades could explain the probability of becoming unemployed after the pandemic. Results show that workers whose corresponding firms pay less are more likely to submit a request. This is robust within different sectors.Research limitations/implicationsThe ISSO dataset is not a panel, so the authors cannot employ methods of causal inferences. The authors’ results should be seen as correlation; however, due to exogeneity and sharpness of the pandemic the result infers to some degree of causality. The data does not cover the informal sector, so the estimates are at lower boundary.Originality/valueAdministrative data on unemployment benefits during COVID-19 show that the pandemic interferes with competition by forcing low-paid workers and small firms to exit the market. This is an alarm for the competition in every economy, specially developing ones.
Exploring the audit quality and audit fee impacts of joining different types of non-Big Four accounting networks and associations: evidence from China
Authors: Lento Camillo , Yeung Wing Him 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the audit quality and fee implications of joining a global accounting firm network and association (“AF N&A”).

Design/methodology/approach
A hand-collected sample focusing upon the pre- and post-periods around the time when an independent audit firm joins an AF N&A is developed. A propensity score-matched sample is created to address the endogeneity and self-selection bias. OLS regression is used on a sample of around 2,000 firm-year observations from 2003 to 2014.

Findings
Membership with an AF N&A is associated with higher levels of audit quality and audit fees. Furthermore, audit quality and fee increases are more pronounced for audit firms that become members of a larger, more formal AF N&A.

Originality/value
This paper provides additional insights into the conflicting results regarding the audit quality implications of membership with AF N&As in China. This paper also extends the discussion by exploring the audit quality and fee differentials among the non-Big Four AF N&As. These findings have significant implications for independent audit firms pursuing membership with an AF N&A and regulators seeking to reduce market concentration around the Big Four.
Investigating customer acceptance, usage, trust, and perceived safety risk of self-ordering kiosk technology in Malaysian quick-service restaurants during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Baba Noradzhar , Hanafiah Mohd Hafiz , Mohd Shahril Aslinda , Zulkifly Muhammad Izzat 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the interrelationship between customer acceptance and usage of self-ordering kiosks, purchase behaviour and post-purchase behaviour in quick-service restaurants. This study also hypothesised that the perceived safety risk moderates the relationship between customer purchase and post-purchase behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach
This study adopted a quantitative research methodology using an online survey. During the data collection process, 430 responses were obtained. The partial-least square-structural equation modelling was used to test the study’s model and hypotheses.

Findings
The results of this study indicated that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation and trust significantly influence purchase behaviour through the self-ordering kiosks. Meanwhile, price value and customer habit did not affect purchasing behaviour, while perceived safety risk as a moderator does not influence re-purchase behaviour.

Practical implications
This study provides valuable implications for foodservice researchers and marketers related explicitly to technology adoption in restaurant services. Given the positive outlook on self-ordering kiosk usage, quick-service restaurants should continuously improve their ordering kiosk adoption and efficiency, especially during the health pandemic.

Originality/value
This study is one of the few to predict and explain the consumer acceptance of self-service kiosks by integrating the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 model with other essential behavioural constructs. The inclusion of trust and perceived safety risk construct enhances the study model’s adaptability during health crises.
Do you want to retain your relevant knowledge? The role of contextual factors in the banking sector
Authors: Sumbal Muhammad Saleem , Ključnikov Aleksandr , Durst Susanne , Ferraris Alberto , Saeed Labeeqa 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
Retaining critical knowledge is relevant for all organizations, knowledge-intensive ones in particular. Failure to do so can, in the worst case, lead to an organization being unable to act. Acknowledging the role of context in this regard, the purpose of this paper is to examine knowledge retention (KR) in the banking sector of a developing country. A particular focus is placed on exploring various contextual factors that influence the retention of critical knowledge taking into consideration the setting.

Design/methodology/approach
Following a qualitative research design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with senior managers from private and public banks in Pakistan. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.

Findings
The findings suggest that the existence of a collectivist society, gender differences, few job opportunities, power distance and the late IT Boom are vital factors to be considered regarding KR in the setting studied. The findings are summarized in a conceptual framework that highlights critical factors of KR to be studied in a broader context and which are viewed as relevant for informing future research in this underdeveloped area of knowledge management (KM).

Research limitations/implications
The data were collected from a small number of individuals working in different banks in only one country. Future studies should consider research designs across multiple organizations involving more people representing different roles, functions and age groups.

Originality/value
Existing KM research has emphasized the role of context while research on KR is underdeveloped in this regard. By exploring different contextual factors this study advances current understanding in the KM domain.
Schooling beyond the school: workplace learning in Nepal
Authors: Paudel Prakash Kumar , Parajuli Mahesh Nath 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the formal workplace learning situation in Nepal and argue that workplace learning is not in priority in Nepali Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) despite a regular policy emphasis.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were gathered using both desk-based review of pre-diploma and diploma-level curricula and semi-structured interviews with eight employers and six technical school principals. Coded themes were interpreted in the meaning-making process.

Findings
Workplace skills learning in Nepal has remained a neglected agenda. Despite some successful implementation practices and policy recognition, it is stagnated. Employers expect skills in graduates relevant to their demands. However, unfortunately, there needs to be more trust for a culture of shared responsibilities among employers and TVET providers for arranging the provisions so that the learners can acquire the skills that the employers need. There is a blaming game between them, which has ultimately resulted in the poor arrangement of workplace learning.

Practical implications
TVET providers’ and employers’ engaged participation in recognizing and developing workplace learning for making the learning as per the needs of the world of work could benefit them and also support students to upgrade and acquire employability skills.

Originality/value
This paper is based on empirical data and contributes new knowledge in academia which is still rare in the context of Nepal.
Government regulation strategy for the maintenance of bike sharing
Authors: Wang Rufeng , Wang Siqi , Deng Guoqu 
Published: February 2023

PurposeThe expansion of bike-sharing enterprises has led to a series of social problems, and due to the high breakage rate and high recycling cost of bike sharing, enterprises are reluctant to maintain them. Therefore, government regulation does play a leading role in maintaining bike sharing. This study’s purpose is to investigate how the government should regulate the bike-sharing enterprises that maintain bicycles.Design/methodology/approachFirstly, the authors assume that there is only one bike-sharing enterprise and establish a game model that the government regulates the enterprise. Furthermore, the authors extend the model to the case that there are two competing enterprises in the market. Finally, through numerical analysis, the influence of various factors on the government strategy and revenue is analyzed.FindingsThe authors find that the regulatory probability of two enterprises are regulated by the government is larger than that of one enterprise. When two bike-sharing enterprises compete without government regulation, both will choose the non-self-discipline strategy, thus falling into the Prisoner's Dilemma. If the government regulates them, then both enterprises will choose the self-discipline strategy. Finally, through numerical analysis, it is found that the self-discipline behavior of bike-sharing enterprises is related to the government regulatory probability, the cost of self-discipline, the probability of being reported and the penalties. Interestingly, the cost of government regulation will not affect the regulation probability of government.Practical implicationsThis research provides a theoretical reference for the government to make the regulation strategies of bike sharing and achieve the sustainable development of bike sharing.Originality/valueThis research provides a theoretical reference for the government to make the regulation strategies of bike sharing and achieve the sustainable development of bike sharing.
The preparation of anisotropic conductive paste and its application in FOB interconnection
Authors: Cai Xionghui , Zhai Aixia , Zhou Chenglong , Paik Kyung-Wook 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the reliability of flex-on-board (FOB) interconnection connected with an anisotropic conductive paste (ACP), which is prepared by dispersing nickel balls in the epoxy-curing system.

Design/methodology/approach
Differential scanning calorimetry was used to evaluate the curing characteristics of the paste. And the contact resistances of bonding joints and 90º peel adhesion were tested before and after high temperature and high humidity test (85°C, 85% humidity), thermal cycling (−45°C∼125°C, 30min/cycle) and pressure cooker test (PCT, 121°C, 100% humidity 2 atm) to evaluate the flex on board (FOB) interconnection reliability.

Findings
It is found that FOB test vehicles have been successfully bonded by using ACP for the first time. And the ACP bonding joint of FOB has good reliability and can meet the requirements of FOB interconnection. Compared with conventional anisotropic conductive film (ACF), this ACP interconnection provides higher adhesion strength, higher joint current carrying capability and higher reliability performance and lower cost for FOB interconnection.

Originality/value
ACP is applied in the interconnection of FOB. It has the higher reliability performance and lower cost for than the conventional ACF.
Exploitative leadership and counterproductive work behavior: a discrete emotions approach
Authors: Guo Limin , Luo Jinlian , Cheng Ken 
Published: February 2023

PurposeIntegrating appraisal theories of discrete emotions with the emotion regulation literature, this study aims to explore the relationships between exploitative leadership and certain types of counterproductive workplace behavior (CWB). Besides, this study seeks to examine the mediating roles of discrete emotions (i.e. anger and fear) and the moderating role of cognitive reappraisal within the proposed relationships.Design/methodology/approachBased on time-lagged survey data from 440 Chinese employees, this study conducted hierarchical regression analysis and bootstrapping approach to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results revealed that exploitative leadership was positively related to approach-oriented CWB and avoidance-oriented CWB. In addition, this study found that anger mediated the relationship between exploitative leadership and approach-oriented CWB, whereas fear mediated the relationship between exploitative leadership and avoidance-oriented CWB. Further, cognitive reappraisal buffered the positive effects of exploitative leadership on anger and fear and the indirect effects of exploitative leadership on approach-oriented CWB (via anger) and avoidance-oriented CWB (via fear).Practical implicationsManagers should reduce leaders' exploitation and enhance employees' skills on emotional management and cognitive reappraisal.Originality/valueFirst, by verifying the effects of exploitative leadership on both approach-oriented and avoidance-oriented CWB, this study adds to the literature on exploitive leadership and provides a more complete understating of the relationship between exploitative leadership and workplace deviance. Second, this study enriches the understanding of the process through which exploitative leadership affects employees by demonstrating the novel mediating roles of discrete emotions (i.e. anger and fear) through the lens of appraisal theories of discrete emotions. Third, by verifying the moderating role of cognitive reappraisal, this study provides insights into the boundary conditions of the influences of exploitive leadership.