bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Dual‐Band Dual‐Polarized Rectenna for Efficient RF Energy Harvesting in Battery‐Less IoT Devices With Broad Power Range
Authors: Bairappaka Santosh Kumar , Ghosh Anumoy , Halimi Md Ahsan , Roy Bappadittya 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe demand for maintenance‐free, battery‐less IoT devices, driven by sustainable Industry 4.0 practices, necessitates efficient RF energy harvesting solutions. Addressing the limitations of single‐frequency harvesting, a novel dual‐band, dual‐polarized rectenna operating at 3.6 GHz and 5.8 GHz is proposed. The antenna resonates at 3.6 GHz with linearly polarized (LP) characteristics and 5.8 GHz with circularly polarized (CP) characteristics with impedance bandwidth (IBW) of 2.2% and 5.63%, respectively, achieving a gain of 4.85 dBi and 6.75 dBic, respectively. A rectenna consists of an antenna at the front end and an RF‐DC rectifier at the backend. This approach maximizes power conversion efficiency by minimizing impedance mismatches and reflection losses and mitigates interference between the dual bands within the rectifier circuitry. The rectifier achieves peak efficiencies of 65.5% at 3.6 GHz with a 3 dBm input and 44% at 5.8 GHz with a −1 dBm input, both with 2KΩ load. Efficiency exceeds 30% at 3.6 GHz for an input range from −10 to 6.5 dBm and exceeds 20% at 5.8 GHz for an input range from −13 to 3 dBm. These design considerations enable reliable harvesting of ambient RF energy across a range of −20 to 20 dBm, enabling continuous IoT device operation. Our measurements confirm the design's effectiveness in converting low‐power RF signals into usable energy, supporting sustainable and autonomous IoT deployments at 3.6 and 5.8 GHz.
Tracking the Ghosts of the Himalayas: Snow Leopard Conservation Insights From Satellite Collar Data
Authors: Shrestha Pratistha , Pandey Dayaram , Sherpa Pemba , Shah Prakash , Sharma Dipesh Kumar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study presents the first movement analysis of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) using satellite telemetry data, focusing on the northeastern Himalayas of Nepal. By examining GPS‐based satellite collar data between 2013 and 2017 from five collared snow leopards (effectively three individuals), the research uncovered distinct movement patterns, activity budgeting and home range utilisation from one adult male and two sub adult females. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) revealed three behavioural states based on the movement patterns—slow (indicative of resting), moderate and fast (associated with travelling) and demonstrated that the time of day influenced their behavioural state. While adult males exhibited behaviour focused on moderately active states, juvenile females presented behaviour focused on highly active states. Home ranges, estimated over a 5–21 month tracking period, were larger than those observed in previously studied snow leopards and included crossings of international boundaries from Nepal into China and India. These relatively large home ranges may be attributed to the rugged terrain and scarce resources within the study area. This research suggested that movement patterns and home range sizes might differ between male and female snow leopards, which may indicate different ecological needs and resource‐use techniques. Furthermore, this study provides reliable information on snow leopards from the telemetry data and links it to conservation implications in northeastern Nepal to ensure their long‐term survival, promote coexistence and foster cross‐border collaboration.
Mechanisms linking river flow regime and riparian hardwood establishment
Authors: Railsback Steven F. , Bair John H. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe dominant conceptual model for how river flow affects when and where riparian hardwood trees establish (the “recruitment box model”) considers streamflow recession and a survivable rate of stage decline to predict survival of seedling desiccation. However, to become established, plants must also survive the pre‐seedling life stages and avoid inundation and scour mortality in high flows. We examine the relative importance of these flow‐dependent mechanisms by representing them in a two‐dimensional simulation model. Analysis of the model as applied to a low‐gradient reach of a large mountain river indicates that the soil characteristic determining moisture elevation (the “capillary fringe” height) is the most important process driving establishment rates; also important are the dates of seed deposition, inundation mortality, and the time needed for sprouted seeds to develop roots. Root growth rate had only moderate effect on seedling survival. These results indicate that the conventional conceptual model of establishment is incomplete. At our site, natural rates of decline in soil moisture elevation exceeded root growth rates, so widespread establishment required periods of near‐steady flows. Further, under both reservoir‐controlled and unimpaired flow regimes, establishment was strongly determined by post‐deposition flow increases: seeds deposited at elevations low enough to support rooting were often killed via inundation or scour in flow fluctuations that occurred under both reservoir‐regulated and unregulated flow scenarios. When soil moisture dynamics are represented even simply, the survivable rate of stage decline is not constant but depends on capillary fringe height, seed elevation, and the duration of stage decline. A more complete conceptual model of hardwood establishment considers that seeds need to be deposited where soil is moist long enough to develop roots but far enough from the water's edge to avoid mortality in flow fluctuations; for soil moisture to remain within reach of roots, which could require unusually steady flows, a high capillary fringe, or favorable groundwater gradients; and to avoid mortality due to scour or inundation in winter high flows. Model sensitivity and lack of literature suggest the time and moisture requirements for seeds to develop roots and inundation mortality of seedlings as research priorities.
Naturally Occurring and Artificial Nonnutritive Sweeteners: Potential Impacts on Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Wang Yuzhuo , Lin Ligen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSweeteners are food additives used in processed foods and beverages, as well as health products and medicines. Due to low cost, zero calories, and intense sweetness, nonnutritive sweeteners have been widely used to replace table sugar and become the preferred strategy to manage human health. Non‐nutritive sweeteners are traditionally considered to be metabolically inert, while more and more evidence indicates that they affect human health by perturbing gut microbiota and energy homeostasis. The impact of non‐nutritive sweeteners on metabolic diseases still remains controversial. This review covered a total of 10 commonly used non‐nutritive sweeteners, either naturally occurring or artificial, and summarized their origin, applications, and impacts on metabolic diseases, especially obesity, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The sensory assessment methods were summarized and applied to evaluate the suitability and consumer acceptance of sweeteners. The purpose of this review is to summarize the potential impacts of sweeteners on metabolic diseases, guide the safe application of sweeteners, and speculate on the future development of sweeteners.
A Ge.F.I. Collaborative Study: Evaluating Reproducibility and Accuracy of a DNA‐Methylation‐Based Age‐Predictive Assay for Routine Implementation in Forensic Casework
Authors: Onofri Martina , Alessandrini Federica , Aneli Serena , Buscemi Loredana , Chierto Elena , Fabbri Matteo , Fattorini Paolo , Garofano Paolo , Gentile Fabiano , Presciuttini Silvano , Previderè Carlo , Robino Carlo , Severini Simona , Tommolini Federica , Tozzo Pamela , Verzeletti Andrea , Carnevali Eugenia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe increasing interest in DNA methylation (DNAm) analysis within the forensic scientific community prompted a collaborative project by Ge.F.I. (Genetisti Forensi Italiani). The study evaluated a standardized bisulfite conversion–based Single Base Extension (SBE) protocol for the analysis of the methylation levels at five age‐predictive loci (ELOVL2, FHL2, KLF14, C1orf132/MIR29B2C, and TRIM59). The study encompassed three phases: (1) setting up and validating the protocol to ensure consistency and reproducibility; (2) comparing fresh peripheral blood with blood spots; and (3) evaluating sources of intra‐ and inter‐laboratory variability. Samples from 22 Italian volunteers were analyzed by 6 laboratories in replicates for a total of 528 records. From phase I emerged that the choice of genetic sequencer significantly contributed to inter‐laboratory data variation, resulting in separate regression analyses performed for each laboratory. In phase II, blood spots were found to be a reliable source for DNAm analysis, despite exhibiting increased experimental variation compared to fresh peripheral blood. In phase III, a strong correlation between the individual's predicted and true ages was observed across different laboratories. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the residuals indicated that one‐third of the total variance could be attributed to laboratory‐specific factors, whereas two‐thirds could be attributed to inter‐individual biological differences. The leave‐one‐out cross‐validation (LOO‐CV) method yielded an overall mean absolute deviation (MAD) value of 4.41 years, with an average 95% confidence interval of 5.24 years. Stepwise regression analysis proved that a restricted model (ELOVL2, C1orf132/MIR29B2C, and TRIM59) produced results virtually indistinguishable from the five‐loci model. Additionally, the analysis of samples in replicates greatly improved the fit of the regression model, balancing the slight effects of intra‐laboratory variability. In conclusion, the bisulfite conversion–based SBE protocol, combined with replicate analysis and in‐lab calibration of a regression‐prediction model, proves to be a reliable and easily implementable method for age prediction in forensic laboratories.
Synthesis of PPy/rGO/NiCoFe2O4 Ternary Composite and rGO/NiCoFe2O4 Binary Composite Hybrid Materials for the Fabrication of Flexible Carbon Cloth Electrodes for Supercapacitors
Authors: Nabeel Ansari Novman , Jain Alok , Alharbi Talal , Ahmad Akbar , Husain Dilawar , Naeem Sajid 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study presents a simple, scalable approach for synthesizing binary and ternary composites tailored for electrode materials, with a focus on supercapacitor applications. The composites were fabricated by integrating reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with NiCoFe2O4 metal oxides and the conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy). The significance of this work lies in the development of supercapacitors, which are highly valued for their superior energy density, fast charge and discharge rates, prolonged life cycle, and cost‐effectiveness. The binary composite, rGO/NiCoFe2O4, was synthesized using a sol–gel auto‐combustion method, with carbon cloth serving as the electrode substrate for electrochemical testing. Electrochemical analysis showed that the rGO/NiCoFe2O4 binary composite exhibited a specific capacitance of 154 F/g at a scan rate of 10 mV/s. The addition of PPy resulted in the formation of the ternary composite, PPy/rGO/NiCoFe2O4, which demonstrated a markedly improved specific capacitance of 210 F/g under the same conditions, underscoring the synergistic effect of PPy. Furthermore, galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) analysis revealed specific capacitance values of 222.5 F/g at 1 A/g and 145 F/g at 2 A/g for the ternary composite, compared to 157.1 F/g and 110 F/g for the binary composite. The findings of this investigation emphasize the significant potential of the PPy/rGO/NiCoFe2O4 composite for the development of high‐performance supercapacitors, leveraging the combined benefits of rGO, NiCoFe2O4, and PPy for superior energy storage capabilities.
Enhancing Smart Grid Security Using BLS Privacy Blockchain With Siamese Bi‐LSTM for Electricity Theft Detection
Authors: Johncy G , Shaji R S , Angelin Monisha Sharean T M , Hubert U 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEnergy management inside a blockchain framework developed for smart grids is primarily concerned with improving intrusion detection to protect data privacy. The emphasis is on real‐time detection of cyberattacks and preemptive forecasting of possible risks, especially in the realm of electricity theft within smart grid systems. Existing Electricity Theft Detection techniques for smart grids have obstacles such as class imbalance, which leads to poor generalization, increased complexity due to large EC data aspects, and a high false positive rate in supervised models, resulting in incorrect classification of regular customers as abnormal. To provide security in the smart grid, a novel BLS Privacy Blockchain with Siamese Bi‐LSTM is proposed. Initially, the privacy‐preserving Boneh‐Lynn‐Shacham blockchain technique is built on BLS Short signature and hash algorithms, which mitigate misclassification rates and false positives in the detection of smart grid attacks. Then, a hybrid framework employs an intrusion detection algorithm based on Siamese Bidirectional Long Short‐Term Memory to semantically distinguish between harmful and authentic behaviors, thereby improving data quality and predictive capabilities. Furthermore, a Recurrent Neural Network‐Generative Adversarial Network is presented for detecting electricity fraud, which addresses the issue of class imbalance. This uses both supervised and unsupervised loss functions to produce synthetic theft samples that closely resemble actual theft incidents. From the experiment, it is showing that the proposed models perform with high accuracy and low error rates. The proposed model from the outcomes when compared to other existing models achieves high accuracy, detection rate, recall, and low computation time.
Wetting and Drying Treatments With Mesh Adaptation for Shallow Water Equations Using a Runge–Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin Method
Authors: Poussel Camille , Ersoy Mehmet , Golay Frédéric 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis work is devoted to the numerical simulation of Shallow Water Equations involving dry areas, a moving shoreline and in the context of mesh adaptation. The space and time discretization using the Runge–Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin approach is applied to nonlinear hyperbolic Shallow Water Equations. Problems with dry areas are challenging for such methods. To counter this issue, special treatment is applied around the shoreline. This work compares three treatments, one based on Slope Modification, one based on p‐adaptation and the last one based on eXtended Finite Element methods and mesh adaptation.
Therapeutic Potential of Brassica carinata Microgreens Extract in Alleviating Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes in Wistar Rats
Authors: Nakakaawa Lilian , Gbala Ifeoluwa D. , Bargul Joel L. , Cheseto Xavier , Wesonga John M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMicrogreens of Brassica plants have attracted increasing research interest in the management of the prevailing epidemic of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) because of their high nutritional value. This study evaluated the antidiabetic effects of Brassica carinata Microgreens Ethanolic Extract (BMEE) in type‐2 diabetic rats. For the normoglycemic assay, rats were divided into five groups and received a single oral dose of 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg of BMEE while the control groups received distilled water and Glibenclamide. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were determined on a weekly basis for 28 days in diabetic rats after treatment with BMEE at 250 and 500 mg/kg dosage levels. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), serum insulin levels, lipid profile and messenger RNA expression levels of Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS‐1), Glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), and Nuclear factor kappa light‐chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFKβ) genes were determined. BMEE did not induce hypoglycemic effects in rats with normal blood glucose levels, but induced antidiabetic activities in the experimental type‐2 diabetic rats. BMEE lowered FBG levels, increased oral glucose tolerance, increased insulin sensitization, and reduced insulin resistance. Treatment of diabetic rats with BMEE increased lipid metabolism and relatively higher expression levels of IRS‐1 and GLUT2 genes, and led to reduced expression levels of NFKβ in the liver. Overall, this study reports that BMEE has potential as a nutraceutical to be utilized in the management of T2DM.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Teucrium polium L. Extracts for Dental Caries: Green Extraction Techniques and Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Javadpour Kamand , Shekarchizadeh Hajar , Goli Mohammad , Moradiyan Tehrani Helena 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDental caries is a highly prevalent chronic condition globally. In recent years, scientists have turned to natural compounds such as plant extracts as an alternative to address concerns related to biofilm‐mediated disease transmission, increasing bacterial resistance, and the adverse impacts of antibiotics. Consequently, this study investigated the antimicrobial properties of ethanolic, hydroethanolic, and aqueous extracts of Teucrium polium L. (T. polium), which belongs to the Lamiaceae family, at different concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, 100, 500, 1000 ppm) against seven bacteria commonly associated with dental decay. The hydroethanolic extract demonstrated the highest efficacy against S. mutans (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 1.24 mg/mL), while the ethanolic extract exhibited the most potent activity against S. sanguinis (MIC = 1.55 mg/mL). For S. sobrinus, the ethanolic extract was the most effective (MIC = 1.52 mg/mL), whereas the hydromethanolic extract displayed the highest efficacy against S. salivarius (MIC = 1.52 mg/mL). S. aureus was most susceptible to the ethanolic extract (MIC = 1.9 mg/mL), whereas the aqueous extract demonstrated the strongest antimicrobial effect against S. epidermidis (MIC = 2.03 mg/mL). Finally, the ethanolic extract exhibited the maximum efficacy against L. fermentum (MIC = 1.36 mg/mL). Overall, the ethanolic extract demonstrated the highest efficacy against all tested bacteria, followed by the hydroethanolic extract, while the aqueous extract showed comparatively lower effectiveness. Therefore, depending on the specific target bacteria, it is suggested to combine the antibacterial extract of T. polium with the most effective solvent to effectively combat the bacteria responsible for dental decay. The study found that mouthwashes containing ethanolic and hydroethanolic extracts, at a concentration of 2.44 mg/L, effectively inhibited the growth of all oral bacteria contributing to dental caries. Future research should explore T. polium extracts' mechanisms of action against oral pathogens, their practical applications, and their efficacy against conventional treatments, paving the way for innovative dental therapies.
Novel Insights Into Peptide‐Calcium Chelates From Lentinula edodes: Preparation and Its Structure, Stability, and Calcium Transport Analysis
Authors: Gu Haofeng , Liang Lei , Wei Yang , Wang Jia Hao , Ma Wanning , Fu Yuyu , Fan Dan , Gao Wanxiang , Yang Jiayao , Zheng Xinyu , Chen Tingshu , Chen Yuexin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPeptide‐Ca chelates are innovative calcium supplements. Lentinula edodes possesses nutritional advantages for preparing calcium‐binding peptides (CBPs), although there are limited studies on this subject. Therefore, this paper investigated the optimal condition for preparing Lentinula edodes CBPs and Lentinula edodes peptide‐calcium chelates (LP‐Ca), along with analyzing their microstructure, calcium‐binding mechanisms, stability, and calcium transporting efficacy. The optimal protease and hydrolysis time for preparing CBPs were neutral protease and 3 h, respectively. The optimized parameters for LP‐Ca preparation were as follows: pH9, time 50 min, mass ratio of peptide/CaCl2 5:1, and temperature 65°C. The chelates contain 4.23% ± 0.01% Ca. After chelation, Glu, Asp, Lys, Ser, His, and Cys were enriched. LP‐Ca possessed a rough and porous structure, exhibiting a pronounced calcium signal. COO, CO, and NH groups were contributed to the chelation, with calcium primarily existing in an amorphous form. LP‐Ca exhibited enhanced thermal stability and retained most of the calcium (62.33% ± 4.51%) after digestion, and calcium transportation was enhanced in the LP‐Ca group (9.57 ± 0.60 μg). Collectively, LP‐Ca are studied for the first time and the study is of great significance for developing novel calcium supplements.
Paleoenvironment, Provenance and Chert Origin of the Lower Cretaceous Xiguayuan Formation (Luanping Basin, North China): Evidence From the Geochemistry of Lacustrine Sediments
Authors: Han Chao , Liu Lu , Xiang Pengfei , Jia Haibo , Gao Xiao , Li Qiang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIndustrial shale oil/gas flow have been discovered in the Luanping Basin, and the hydrocarbon potential of the Lower Cretaceous Xiguayuan Formation (Luanping Basin, North China) has attracted the attention of geologists in recent years. The paleoenvironmental conditions, provenance and chert origin of the Xiguayuan Formation were studied using the geochemistry of lacustrine sediments in the Caoying section. A pronounced positive correlation between the oxygen and carbon isotopes of autogenous carbonates indicates the Early Cretaceous Luanping paleolake was an alternating depositional environment of open and closed, with obvious evaporation. The V/(V + Ni) ratios, negative Ce and Eu anomalies suggest that the Xiguayuan Formation was deposited in anoxic conditions with fewer instances of euxinic conditions. Sr/Ba, Z and S values together demonstrate a brackish to saline waterbody under semi‐arid and fluctuating semi‐humid paleoclimatic conditions. Various indicators show that they are predominantly derived from felsic igneous rocks and minor probable basic source supply with minor sedimentary recycling. The cherts are developed in Unit 1 and Unit 2, compared with Unit 3, Unit 1 and Unit 2 show relatively open, less reductive, high salinity. A theoretical formation model of alternating rise and drop in lake levels in the basin was established to show syndepositional bedded chert‐bearing sedimentary succession. The acid river dominate water and the evaporation in front fan delta environment maybe the main factor that lead silica precipitation.