bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copying Cartoons: An Intimate History of the Stalinist Caricature
Authors: Norris Stephen M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
“Copying Cartoons” examines a set of albums used by Aleksandr Avgustovich Frolovskii (1867–1942). In the 1930s, Frolovskii, a retired math teacher, purchased the albums and used them to redraw political caricatures published in newspapers such as Pravda (Truth) and Izvestiia (The News) and journals such as Krokodil (Crocodile). Frolovskii was particularly drawn to the works of Boris Efimov, the principal political caricaturist for Izvestiia, and redrew over 100 of Efimov’s cartoons. Frolovskii’s albums, as this chapter argues, serve as both a visual history of the Stalin era and a record of what it meant to be “Soviet” during the Great Purges.
Creating Rights, Terminating Rights, Overcoming Legal Conflicts
Authors: Partain Roy Andrew 
Published: December 2022

At the heart of this paper are judges and their obligations to ensure that conflicts over fragmented rights are cured, that fundamental rights are stewarded, and that justice prevails. There are several respected legal theories that have never been examined together before, but when three of them are placed in a nexus of constitutional law, we find that these ideas support broad powers for courts to control the distribution and allocation of rights, enabling the resolution of conflicts at many social levels. First, a succession of scholars has identified the risks of ‘fragmenting rights’, of allocating overlapping rights to too many parties. The danger presented is that those rights-holders may lose the use of their legal rights or privileges; this outcome is known as the ‘Tragedy of the Anticommons’. Too many rights held by too many parties, a ‘fragmentation of rights’, can lead to a lack of access to rights and a lack of access to justice. Second, the legal theories of Nobel Laureate Ronald Coase, who found that initial allocations of rights across a community might have been allocated in a manner that frustrates negotiations and other means to avoid conflicts; but judges have an opportunity and an obligation to reset those allocations of rights to better enable society toflourish. Third, Yale constitutional scholar Robert Cover wrote that judges can and should terminate claims of overlapping rights so that the litigious parties, and society at large, can return to a more harmonious co-existence. Cover wrote that this methodology of ‘jurispathic’ judges was both an ethical and a robust means of solving Dworkin’s ‘hard cases’. This paper investigates the nexus of these three jurisprudences and what the impact of their nexus is for constitutional scholars. This paper delivers original theoretical legal findings and provides functional approaches to best enable the resolution of conflicts before courts and the maintenance of rights and privileges for all parties. This paper documents an argument that courts, especially constitutional courts, have more power to solve social conflicts and other conflicts arising from legal rules and culturesthan many constitutional law scholars may have previously assumed feasible.
Conflict Resolution in Human Rights Cases: The Role of the Supreme Court of Canada
Authors: Cohen Miriam , Vincent-Wright Sarah-Michèle 
Published: December 2022

This paper examines the role of the Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) in resolving human rights conflicts and balancing individual and collective rights. With a multiple control mission, the Court must interpret the Constitution and resolve disputes over competing rights and interests, based on the principle of constitutional democracy. This paper specifically focuses on the SCC’s role in conflict resolution in human rights cases, especially in the complex legal framework of protection existing in Canada. It also addresses how the Court’s rulings may affect the protection of fundamental rights under the Canadian Charter, illustrated by some key examples from the Court’s caselaw. To this end, the first part provides a descriptive overview of the complex fabric of human rights protection in the Canadian constitutional framework. The second part discusses the SCC’s role in protecting human rights within the Canadian legal system. Ultimately, this paper underscores the fundamental role of a Supreme Court in protecting human rights in situations of multiple rights conflicts.
Exporting a Constitutional Court to Brunei? Benefits and Prospects
Authors: Black Ann 
Published: December 2022

Negara Brunei Darussalam (Brunei) is Asia’s only, and one of the world’s few remaining, absolute monarchies. Brunei’s much-venerated Sultan and Yang Di Pertuan Agong is accountable to only Allah as his “shadow on earth”. Within the Sultanate he is head of religion, Prime Minister, and as Sultan he appoints all members to the nation’s six advisory Councils. He is above the law and is the country’s legislator. He can amend the constitution and bypass the Legislative Council without court oversight. Judicial review was formally abolished in 2004. The accrual of power – judicial, religious, legislative, and executive – in the hands of one man is only possible by the continued renewal of a state of emergency. Since 1962, the state of emergency has been renewed every two years and once Brunei is in a state of emergency, all powers devolve to its Sultan. There is an absence of any effective checks and balances mechanism such as a democratically elected Legislative Council, a free and open media, a judiciary with powers of constitutional review, an accountable executive government, or an engaged civil society. Because the constitutionality of sixty years of emergency rule in Brunei has never been judicially determined, this paper argues it would be the first task for an independent Constitutional Court. The need for such determination on the legitimacy of Brunei’s biennial emergency proclamations is set out and a case made as to why a Constitutional Court could be the circuit breaker for a return democratic participation, rule of law, and fundamental human rights in the Sultanate. There is reflection on the obstacles to any reform which make the prospects for this unlikely in the lifetime of the current Sultan.
The Challenges of Youth Entrepreneurship from a Local Government Perspective in South Africa
Authors: Ndebele Nduduzo C , Ndlovu Sbonelo G , Mlambo Victor H , Thusi Xolani 
Published: December 2022

This paper examines the challenges of youth entrepreneurship and aims to understand whether the local government sector in South Africa can act as a catalyst in consolidating youth entrepreneurship. The local government sector is essential in South Africa as it is mandated to grow and improve local infrastructure and community services and contribute towards economic development. Opening opportunities for young people in the entrepreneurship domain can help reduce unemployment. Through funding and training opportunities, the local government sector, a branch of government closer to the people, can play a significant role in fostering youth entrepreneurship. A qualitative research approach was employed where a literature review was untaken. Findings revealed that an increasing youth unemployment rate faced South Africa, negatively affecting the need for inclusive development. The paper found that local government can contribute towards reducing youth unemployment by implementing programs encouraging and capacitating youth entrepreneurship and prioritizing entrepreneurship education. However, it was also revealed that the local government sector is confronted with several challenges, such as corruption, wasteful expenditure, and a lack of skilled personnel. Unless these issues are addressed, it will be impossible for the sector to consolidate policies that support and encourage youth entrepreneurship.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Development; Inclusive; Support; Unemployment; Youth
الفكر الاجتماعي في فلسفة سقراط
Authors: وردة عيدان بدر الباحثة , حامد حمزة حمد الدليمي أ. د. 
Published: December 2022

سقراط فيلسوف يوناني أهتم بالإنسان والمجتمع, ووجه الفكر من البحث في الوجود إلى البحث في الانسان ذاته, وأن سبقه السفسطائيين في ذلك الا أنه قد بحث في لب الانسان اي في نفسه حينما كان متأثراً بالحكمة الشهيرة في معبد دلفى " أعرف نفسك بنفسك" .
لقد كانت له دعوة إصلاحية هدفها اصلاح أحوال الناس والتقدم نحو الافضل من خلال الحكمة والمعرفة ,وهو يمثل تيار اصلاحي مستقل بعيداً عن التطرف الديني والفكر السفسطائيين والحالة الاجتماعية المرذولة التي كان يعيشها المجتمع اليوناني آنذاك, فقد كان كثير الازدراء للكثير من الأفكار والتعاليم السفسطائية التي كانت تغير عقول الشباب وتقودهم نحو الجهل وكل ما هو متغير. لقد دعا إلى مبادئ وكليات ثابته وغير خاضعة لأي تغير واصلاح الشباب وتوجيه المجتمع , وقد أستطاع سقراط أن يكسب حب الناس لأنه كان قريباً منهم على الرغم من البساطة التي كان يعيشها, لأنه تمكن من خلال خطاباته التوجيهية التي من خلالها مكنهم أن يميزوا ما هو خير وشر من خلال دعوته لمعرفة ذواتهم وليس كما يعتقد الناس من أن الثروة أو المكانة الاجتماعية هي الخير أو الموت والمرض او الرفض الاجتماعي هو الشر وبذلك يكون سقراط قد عالج المشاكل التي تواجه المجتمع من خلال اتجاهين الاول اتجاه نفسي والثاني اتجاه اجتماعي.
Indications and Outcomes of Abdominal Drain in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in a Tertiary Care Center in Central Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Khanal Sandeep 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) is the treatment of choice for symptomatic cholelithiasis. During this procedure, sometimes abdominal drain is placed in the right sub-hepatic space. The main objectives of this study were to assess the indications for the use of intra-abdominal drains (IADs) in elective LCs and its outcomes following LCs.
Methods: This is a prospective descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between November 2017 and December 2018 in the Department of Surgery of a tertiary level teaching hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Sixty patients who underwent elective LC with the placement of intra-abdominal drain were selected for the study. The data were recorded in a preformed proforma and analyzed using MS Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 16.0.
Results: The total LCs performed during this period was 536. The overall prevalence of IAD placement in LC was 11.19% (n=60), with drains placed more frequently among males than females (27.4% v/s 6.3%). Cholelithiasis with cholecystitis (35%, n=21) was the most common indication for elective IAD placement while adhesions (56%, n=34) was the most common intraoperative indication for IAD in LC. Surgical site infection (SSI) and fever were encountered in 15% (n=9) and 5% (n=3) of the patients respectively. SSI was found to have a positive correlation with the operative time (p=0.01), post-operative hospital stay (p=0.003) and age of the patient (p=0.021).
Conclusion: The prevalence of IAD placement in LC in our study was almost double as compared to that of studies in other countries and predominantly more among males than females. Cholelithiasis with cholecystitis and adhesions were the most common indications for IAD placement. SSI in IAD placement was found to be positively correlated with the operative time, post-operative hospital-stay and age of the patient.
Generalisasi Bilangan Kromatik Pada Beberapa Kelas Graf Korona
Authors: Yusuf Riduan , Dewi Fitria Puspa , Firmansyah  , Mujib Abdul 
Published: December 2022

For example is a chromatic number with the smallest integer so that the graph has a true vertex coloring with k color. Chromatic number is still an interesting study which is still being studied for its development through graph coloring. Graph coloring is a special case of graph labeling. Labeling here means, giving color to the points at a certain limit so that no two vertices have the same color. This study aims to calculate the chromatic number in several classes of graphs including , , Based on the results of the study, generalization of the chromatic number of the graph class . Class and for class for even n and 4 for odd n.
Keywords: graph, graph coloring, chromatic number
For example is a chromatic number with the smallest integer so that the graph has a true vertex coloring with k color. Chromatic number is still an interesting study which is still being studied for its development through graph coloring. Graph coloring is a special case of graph labeling. Labeling here means, giving color to the points at a certain limit so that no two vertices have the same color. This study aims to calculate the chromatic number in several classes of graphs including , , Based on the results of the study, generalization of the chromatic number of the graph class . Class and for class for even n and 4 for odd n.
Keywords: graph, graph coloring, chromatic number
The latest audiovisual tools for the video hosting representation of Ukrainian identity in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war
Authors: Musiienko O. 
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the article is to determine the main themes and directions of audiovisual representation of Ukrainian identity in the works on video hosting in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war.
The methodology. We conducted a qualitative content analysis of the works of the video hosting sites TikTok and YouTube according to the most popular Ukrainian studies tags and geographic queries. The results of the case were compared with the data obtained by the us during the studying other researchers on the topic.
The results. Video hosting is defined as global informational and cultural carrier that increasingly actively promotes social and political trends. It was established that, unlike traditional media, video hosting broadcasts Ukrainian identity as a modern cultural and artistic trend. Video flash mobs (TikTok) and shorts (YouTube) became the main means of spreading Ukrainian identity. It was shown that the events of the Russian-Ukrainian war became a catalyst for national and political identity and a powerful social and cultural demand for Ukrainian art in the world.
The scientific topicality. This scientific study highlights the manifestation of national Ukrainian identity in the video hosting works in the context of the events of the Russian-Ukrainian war.
The practical significance. The research contained in this article may be useful for researchers of modern media and Ukrainian culture.
KEEFEKTIFAN PEMBELAJARAN PROYEK TERHADAP KEAKTIFAN DAN KREATIFITAS MAHASISWA MATA KULIAH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INOVATIF IPA MATERI KIMIA SMP
Authors: Manasikana Oktaffi Arinna , Wijayadi Andri Wahyu , Mayasari Andhika 
Published: December 2022

Peristiwa pandemi Covid-19 di dunia termasuk Indonesia, menyebabkan perubahan sistem pembelajaran yang signifikan, biasanya tatap muka di kelas, kegiatan praktek di laboratorium berubah menjadi pembelajaran dalam jaringan atau daring. Pembelajaran proyek menggunakan masalah sebagai langkah awal dalam mengumpulkan dan mengintegrasikan pengetahuan baru berdasarkan pengalamannya dalam beraktivitas secara nyata. Mata kuliah model pembelajaran inovatif IPA adalah mata kuliah wajib dalam fakultas ilmu pendidikan yang menuntut mahasiswa dalam keaktifan dan kreatifitas menguasai materi tersebut sehingga lebih aplikatif dimanfaatkan saat kelak menjadi guru. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan eksperimental dengan teknik pengumpulan data secara observasi dan angket. Model Pembelajaran IPA SMP pada materi kimia mempunyai karakteristik pengetahuan yang abstrak bagi siswa SMP sehingga dibutuhkan keaktifan dan kreatifitas saat mengajar. Berdasarkan hasil angket didapatkan hasil sebagai berikut: persepsi mahasiswa terhadap mata kuliah model pembelajaran inovatif 76,8; motivasi mahasiswa terhadap mata kuliah model pembelajaran inovatif 78,40; pemahaman mahasiswa terhadap mata kuliah model pembelajaran inovatif 87,6; aktifitas dan kreatifitas mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran proyek 88,7; Kesan mahasiswa terhadap pembelajaran proyek adalah 84,6. Dari hasil rerata diatas 75,0 hal ini menunjukkan pembelajaran proyek efektif diterapkan pada mata kuliah model pembelajaran inovatif IPA materi kimia SMP.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR KIMIA MAHASISWA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL INKUIRI TERBIMBING BERBASIS KONTEKSTUAL
Authors: Nurhamidah Nurhamidah , Elvia Rina , Amida Nadia , Yanti Della Novri 
Published: December 2022

Pembelajaran kimia seringkali dianggap susah oleh sebagian mahasiswa, karena materinya banyak bersifat abstrak, hitungan dan konsep-konsep yang harus dipahami dengan baik. Untuk menunjang proses pembelajaran supaya menarik dan mudah dipahami dibutuhkan model pembelajaran yang tepat sehingga materi tersampaikan dengan baik. Tujuan dari Penelitian ini untuk melihat hasil belajar setelah menerapkan Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing Berbasis Kontekstual pada materi Stoikiometri. Penelitian ini dilakukan kepada mahasiswa baru Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Bengkulu, semester I angkatan 2020/2021. Hasil belajar dilihat melalui tes kognitif berupa posttest pada setiap akhir siklus. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data postes setiap siklus, menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar dimana nilai rata-rata, dan ketuntasan belajar klasikal siklus I adalah 51.92 dan 2.86 %, siklus II menjadi 72,5 dan 48.57 % dan siklus III naik menjadi 84.85 dan 94.29 %. Hasil ini menunjukkan pada siklus III pembelajaran sudah tuntas, dimana nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh telah â‰¥ 75 dan ketuntasan belajar klasikal sudah diatas 80 % yaitu 94.29 %.
Use of peer-to-peer networks for secured communication
Authors: Kupershtein Leonid M. , Krentsin Mykhailo D. , Prytula Andrii V. 
Published: December 2022

Peculiarities of the applied application of peering networks are considered (every node is equal; it can be both a client and a server). Mathematically, a decentralized network can be represented as a graph. The reasons for the emergence of peering networks are analyzed (low load on the client processor, the need to provide access to data and joint work on data). The classification of P2P networks according to three characteristics (functions, degree of centralization and method of connection) is also considered. The relevance and perspective of their application for personal communication, especially for data exchange within the company (required data security, fault tolerance and independence from Internet access) are determined.
A peering network organization model is proposed, which provides for increased data security (messages, files, audio, user settings, etc.), reliable authentication of nodes (based on a combination of manual key distribution and trust network principles), scalability of the network itself and expansion of its functional capabilities (sending text, files, support for audio, video, etc.). The software implementation should work on most modern devices and operating systems (Android, IOS, Windows, MacOS). The created model makes it possible to increase security due to the combination of various cryptographic algorithms and data exchange protocols. Data exchange is based on the Tox protocol, which involves the use of distributed hash tables and asymmetric encryption. Data transport using the Tox protocol is organized based on TCP and UDP. A graphic representation of the above-described model is given, as well as a key exchange scheme between nodes. The data is also stored at the node in a protected form, and it can be read only if the key is present.
Sex differences in patient journeys to diagnosis, referral, and surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: implications for equitable care
Authors: Hung Peter Shih-Ping , Byeon Alana G. , Noorani Alborz , Walker Matthew R. , Lorello Gianni R. , Hodaie Mojgan 
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVE
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is an orofacial pain disorder that is more prevalent in females than males. Although an increasing number of studies point to sex differences in chronic pain, how sex impacts TN patients’ journeys to care has not been previously addressed. This study sought to investigate sex differences in patients’ journeys to diagnosis, referral, and treatment of TN within a large national context.

METHODS
Patients with classic TN (n = 100; 50 females and 50 males) were randomly selected through chart reviews at the largest surgical treatment center for TN in Canada for a cross-sectional study. Statistical tests, including Welch’s t-test, the chi-square test, Pearson’s correlations, and analyses of covariance, were conducted with Python.

RESULTS
Key discrepancies between sexes in access to care were identified. Females had a significantly longer referral time interval (average 53.2 months vs 20.4 months, median 27.5 months vs 11.0 months, p = 0.018) and total time interval (average 121.1 months vs 67.8 months, median 78.0 months vs 45.2 months, p = 0.018) than males, despite reporting higher pain intensity at referral. Although medically intolerant patients had a significantly shorter referral time interval than medically tolerant patients (average 13.0 months vs 41.0 months, median 6.0 months vs 17.0 months, p < 0.001), medically tolerant females had a significantly longer referral time interval than medically tolerant males (average 59.9 months vs 21.7 months, median 30.0 months vs 12.0 months, p = 0.017). No statistically significant differences were detected between the sexes for diagnostic time interval (average 63.3 months vs 43.0 months, median 24.0 months vs 24.0 months, p = 0.263) or treatment time interval (average 4.6 months vs 4.7 months, median 4.0 months vs 3.0 months, p = 0.986).

CONCLUSIONS
Critical sex differences in patients’ journeys to TN surgical treatment were identified, with females enduring considerably longer referral timelines and expressing significantly greater pain intensity than males at referral. Taken together, our findings suggest the presence of unconscious bias and discrimination against females and highlight the need for expediting TN treatment referral for female TN patients.
VAKİT GAZETESİ MUHABİRİ TALÂT MÜMTAZ (YAMAN) BEY’İN KASTAMONU, SİNOP VE ZONGULDAK KIYI ŞERİDİNDEKİ GEZİ İZLENİMLERİ (1930)
Authors: KAYIŞ Yasin 
Published: December 2022

Talât Mümtaz Yaman Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun son, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ilk yıllarında Kastamonu’da yetişmiş çok yönlü bir kişiydi. 1930 yılında bir yandan Kastamonu’da öğretmenlik yaparken diğer yandan da yerel bir gazetede çalışıyor ayrıca İstanbul’da yayın yapan Vakit gazetesinin Kastamonu muhabirliğini yürütüyordu.
Vakit gazetesine rutin olarak Kastamonu ile ilgili haberler gönderen Yaman, 1930 yılında sekiz vilâyeti kapsayan bir inceleme gezisine çıkmıştır. Bu gezideki izlenimleri üç ay boyunca “Orta Anadoluda Seyahat Mektupları” adıyla ve 26 tefrika halinde Vakit gazetesinde yayınlanmıştır. Günümüzdeki idari taksimatta Kastamonu, Sinop, Bartın, Zonguldak, Çankırı, Kırıkkale, Çorum, Yozgat, Kayseri ve Sivas illerini kapsayan bu geziye dair mektuplarda Talât Mümtaz Bey kamu hizmetlerinden ekonomik etkinliklere, sosyal yaşamdan doğal güzelliklere kadar geniş bir yelpazede bilgiler aktarmıştır.
Ziyaret ettiği yerlerdeki izlenimlerini ayrıntılarıyla anlatan Talât Mümtaz gezisinin ilk etabında Kastamonu, Sinop ve Zonguldak kıyı şeridini ziyaret etmiştir. Muhabir bu kapsamda önce karayoluyla Küre üzerinden İnebolu’ya geçmiş, sonra deniz yolu ile ulaştığı Ayancık, Cide ve Bartın kazalarını ziyaret etmiştir. Zonguldak il merkezinde de temaslarda bulunan muhabir yine İnebolu’ya dönmüş ve yolculuğuna karayoluyla devam ederek Anadolu’nun iç kesimlerine yönelmiştir.
Talât Mümtaz’ın gezisinin ilk 13 tefrikasına konu olan kıyı şeridindeki yerleşimler coğrafi açıdan benzer özelliklere sahip bulunsa da 1930 yılı itibariyle bambaşka yaşam koşulları içinde olmuş, muhabir de bu yaşam koşullarını çarpıcı şekilde okuyucularına aktarmıştır. Verdiği bilgiler kimi zaman yetkililerle temaslarına kimi zaman halk arasında yaptığı sohbet ve gözlemlere dayanmaktadır.