bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysbiosis in gastrointestinal pathophysiology: Role of the gut microbiome in Gulf War Illness
Authors: Slevin Elise , Koyama Sachiko , Harrison Kelly , Wan Ying , Klaunig James E. , Wu Chaodong , Shetty Ashok K. , Meng Fanyin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGulf War Illness (GWI) has been reported in 25%–35% of veterans returned from the Gulf war. Symptoms of GWI are varied and include both neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms as well as chronic fatigue. Development of GWI has been associated with chemical exposure particularly with exposure to pyridostigmine bromide (PB) and permethrin. Recent studies have found that the pathology of GWI is connected to changes in the gut microbiota, that is the gut dysbiosis. In studies using animal models, the exposure to PB and permethrin resulted in similar changes in the gut microbiome as these found in GW veterans with GWI. Studies using animal models have also shown that phytochemicals like curcumin are beneficial in reducing the symptoms and that the extracellular vesicles (EV) released from gut bacteria and from the intestinal epithelium can both promote diseases and suppress diseases through the intercellular communication mechanisms. The intestinal epithelium cells produce EVs and these EVs of intestinal epithelium origin are found to suppress inflammatory bowel disease severity, suggesting the benefits of utilizing EV in treatments. On the contrary, EV from the plasma of septic mice enhanced the level of proinflammatory cytokines in vitro and neutrophils and macrophages in vivo, suggesting differences in the EV depending on the types of cells they were originated and/or influences of environmental changes. These studies suggest that targeting the EV that specifically have positive influences may become a new therapeutic strategy in the treatment of veterans with GWI.
Full mouth oral rehabilitation of a severely worn dentition based on a fully digital workflow
Authors: Lanis Alejandro , Gallucci German , Pedrinaci Ignacio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo demonstrate the use of a complete digital workflow for a full mouth rehabilitation in a severely worn dentition.Clinical ConsiderationsThe present case report successfully rehabilitated a full‐mouth case of a severely worn dentition based on the use of digital technologies, making the diagnosis and treatment process faster, accurate and less expensive. A long‐lasting esthetic and functional result are showed after 30‐months follow up.ConclusionsAn appropriate knowledge on dental erosion and oral rehabilitation, combined with a digital dentistry approach could lead the clinician to deliver a fast, accurate and predictable noninvasive restorative treatment in cases like the one described.Clinical SignificanceBruxism‐based severely worn dentition is being found more often in population. In this situation, a detailed diagnosis and tailored treatment are mandatory to obtain a predictable treatment outcome. In this sense, the development of adhesive dentistry, new restorative materials and the incorporation of digital technologies can create a predictable synergy to rehabilitate these types of patients with a modern and less invasive approach.
Q‐switched Nd:YAGlaser versus itraconazole pulse therapy in treatment of onychomycosis: A clinical dermoscopic and mycologic study
Authors: Nasif Ghada A. , Amin Aliaa A. , Ragaie Maha H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundOnychomycosis (OM) represents about 50% of nail disorders. Oral antifungals have proven efficacy in the treatment of onychomycosis but their associated side effects limit their use. Accordingly, there is an increased need for a safe and effective therapy to induce clearance and improve the esthetic appearance of diseased nails.ObjectiveThe current study is an attempt to evaluate and compare the efficacy of Q‐Switched Nd:YAG (1064 nm) laser as monotherapy versus pulse itraconazole in the clearance of onychomycosis.MethodsIn this prospective study, 40 onychomycosis patients were equally divided into two groups: Groups I (laser group) and II (Itraconazole group). Patients of Group I are treated with six biweekly sessions of Q‐Switched Nd:YAG (1064 nm) laser. Patients of Group II are treated with itraconazole pulse therapy. The assessment of clearance was rated using the “Onychomycosis Severity Index (OSI)”, photographs, dermoscopy, and mycology. All 40 patients were followed up for 3 months after the end of treatment.ResultsGroup I's clinical improvement response was a marked improvement in 19 cases and moderate improvement in one case (OSI before treatment was 24.5 and after was 0). A dermoscopic cure occurred in 19 cases. Mycological cure was obtained in 19 cases. Group II's clinical improvement response was marked in 15 and moderate in 5 (OSI before treatment was 24 and after was 0). Dermoscopic cure occurred in 15 cases. Mycological cure was obtained in 15 cases. There were no adverse effects. The clinical response, the dermoscopic cure, and the mycological cure were equal in both groups, with no significant difference found between them.ConclusionQ‐Switched Nd:YAG (1064 nm) laser can be used as an effective and safe modality in the clearance of nail onychomycosis, particularly in patients who have a contraindication to or refuse the use of oral antifungals.
Healthcare professionals' perceived challenges and solutions when providing rehabilitation to persons living with dementia—A scoping review
Authors: Scerri Anthony , Innes Anthea , Scerri Charles 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimThis review aimed to map studies related to healthcare professionals' perceptions and attitudes towards the rehabilitation for persons living with dementia and extract what they perceive are the barriers and solutions.BackgroundRehabilitation can improve the quality of life and integration of persons living with dementia into society. However, there are several barriers to accessing rehabilitation services. Healthcare professionals are a source of information to understand the challenges and provide solutions to improve these services.DesignArksey and O′ Malley (International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8, 2005 and 19) five‐step framework for scoping reviews and the PRISMA‐ScR checklist was used. The PAGER (Patterns, Advances, Gaps, Evidence for practice and Research recommendations) framework was used to identify research and practice recommendations.MethodSeven databases including Medline Complete, Academic Search Ultimate, Ageline, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Pubmed and Google Scholar were searched. The healthcare professionals' perceived challenges and solutions were categorised using Braun & Clarke (Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 2006 and 77) thematic analysis.ResultsFifteen articles were selected for review. The challenges and solutions were organised according to their association with three stakeholders; the persons living with dementia/informal caregivers, healthcare professionals and the organisation providing the service. Nine of the studies focused on persons living with dementia following a fall or a hip fracture. Most of the studies focused on the perceptions of allied healthcare professionals, with nurses working in rehabilitation settings being underrepresented.ConclusionHealthcare professionals have to consider the complexity of rehabilitating persons living with dementia irrespective of the rehabilitation speciality. Moreover, more studies are needed that focus on the views of rehabilitation nurses.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis review provides further evidence of the healthcare professionals' misconceptions about the rehabilitation potential of persons living with dementia. There is a need to educate healthcare professionals about the societal, attitudinal and environmental barriers faced by persons living with dementia and their caregivers.Patient ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution—scoping review.
Genetic heterogeneity and enrichment of variants in DNA‐repair genes in ameloblastoma
Authors: Awotoye Waheed , Whitt Joseph Craig , Yoo Byunggil , Farooqi Midhat S. , Farrow Emily G. , Allareddy Veerasathpurush , Amendt Brad A. , Rengasamy Venugopalan Shankar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveAmeloblastomas are a group of relatively common odontogenic tumors that frequently originate from the dental epithelium. These tumors are aggressive in nature and present as slow‐growing painless cortical expansion of the jaw. Histologically, the follicular and plexiform subtypes constitute two‐thirds of solid/multicystic ameloblastomas. The objective of this study was to understand the genetic architecture of follicular and plexiform ameloblastomas using deep whole‐exome sequencing.MethodsArchived formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue blocks of follicular (n = 4) and plexiform (n = 6) ameloblastomas were retrieved and genomic DNAs were isolated from the tumor tissue dissected from the formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded block. The exomes were enriched using the Integrated DNA Technologies Exome Research Panel (IDT, Coralville, IA) and paired‐end sequencing was completed on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 with an average output of 20 GB of data resulting in a mean coverage of 400×. Variant analysis was completed using custom‐developed software: Rapid Understanding of Nucleotide variant Effect Software and variant integration and knowledge interpretation in genomes.ResultsOur analyses focused on examining somatic variants (gnomAD minor allele frequency ≤1%) in genes found on an Food and Drug Administration ‐approved clinical cancer sequencing panel (FoundationOne®CDx). In follicular tumors, variants (>20% of the reads) were identified in BRAF, KMT2D, and ABL1 genes. In plexiform tumors, variants (>20% of the reads) were identified in ALK, BRAF, KRAS, KMT2D, SMO, KMT2A, and BRCA2 genes. Enrichment analysis showed a significant role of DNA repair genes in the development of these tumors.ConclusionThe variants identified in follicular and plexiform ameloblastomas were enriched in DNA‐repair genes. The observed genetic heterogeneity in these ameloblastomas may contribute to the aggressive nature and recurrence risk of these tumors.
Leptin‐deficient ob/ob mice exhibit periodontitis phenotype and altered oral microbiome
Authors: Li Zhicong , Zheng Zhichao , Pathak Janak L. , Li Hongtao , Wu Gang , Xu Shaofen , Wang Tianqi , Cheng Haoyu , Piao Zhengguo , Jaspers Richard T. , Wu Lihong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveLeptin‐deficient obesity is associated with various systemic diseases including diabetes and low bone mass phenotype. However, the periodontal status of leptin‐deficient obese individuals is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to analyze the periodontal status, alveolar bone phenotype, and oral microbiome status in leptin‐deficient obese mice (ob/ob mice).MethodsThis study used 12‐week‐old wild‐type and ob/ob male mice. The alveolar bone phenotype and periodontal status in the maxilla were analyzed by micro‐CT and histological analysis. Osteoclasts in alveolar bone were visualized by TRAP staining. Expressions of inflammatory markers (MMP‐9, IL‐1β, and TGF‐β1) and osteoclastogenic markers (RANKL and OPG) in periodontium were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and RT‐qPCR. The oral microbiome was analyzed by 16 S rDNA sequencing.ResultsCEJ‐ABC distance in maxillary molars (M1‐M3) of ob/ob mice was significantly higher compared with that of wild‐type. The alveolar bone BV/TV ratio was reduced in ob/ob mice compared with wild‐type. Higher numbers of osteoclasts were observed in ob/ob mice alveolar bone adjacent to the molar root. Epithelial hyperplasia in gingiva and disordered periodontal ligaments was observed in ob/ob mice. RANKL/OPG expression ratio was increased in ob/ob mice compared with wild‐type. Expressions of inflammatory markers MMP‐9, IL‐1β, and TGF‐β1 were increased in ob/ob mice compared with wild‐type. Oral microbiome analysis showed that beneficial bacteria Akkermansia and Ruminococcaceae_UCG_014 were more abundant in the wild‐type mice while the inflammation‐related Flavobacterium was more abundant in ob/ob mice.ConclusionIn conclusion, ob/ob mice showed higher expressions of inflammatory factors, increased alveolar bone loss, lower abundance of the beneficial bacteria, and higher abundance of inflammatory bacteria in the oral cavity, suggesting leptin‐deficient obesity as a risk factor for periodontitis development in ob/ob mice.
Critical analysis of the protection of Traditional Knowledge Bill, 2022
Authors: KP Sreenath 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe need for protecting traditional knowledge (TK) has been long established, and as a result, international negotiations are being conducted to protect TK internationally. Many international authorities appreciate India's efforts to create unique ways to protect TK. For instance, India was the first nation to set up Traditional Knowledge Digital Library, which helps scrutinise Patent applications on TK. Recently, Dr Shashi Tharror MP brought a private bill titled ‘Protection of TK’. Even though it's a bill, it still needs to be analysed because it serves as a reference point while formulating legislation by the union government or any state government. Hence, the paper aims to critically analyse the bill to point out its shortcomings of the bill. The bill gives TK holders hope since it asserts that it will protect TK from misappropriation. This bill can aid in commercialising TK. However, it is doubtful that the TK holders would gain from such commercialisation as specific provisions in the bill tend to favour outsiders more than the tribal or indigenous communities. It is identified that many crucial concepts about TK, such as ‘dynamic or changing’ or ‘traditional context’, which are necessary for stakeholders, authorities, and the judiciary to properly appreciate the nature of TK, have gone undefined. Also, it begs the question of why such a significant, essential component of TK is missing when the word ‘community’ is excluded from the definition of the term "knowledge society." In essence, it is possible to argue that the bill has been inadequately written without enough weight on the philosophy of TK and its jurisprudential comprehension.
A non‐JA producing oxophytodienoate reductase functions in salicylic acid‐mediated antagonism with jasmonic acid during pathogen attack
Authors: Huang Pei‐Cheng , Tate Morgan , Berg‐Falloure Katherine M. , Christensen Shawn A. , Zhang Jinglan , Schirawski Jan , Meeley Robert , Kolomiets Michael V. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPeroxisome‐localized oxo‐phytodienoic acid (OPDA) reductases (OPR) are enzymes converting 12‐OPDA into jasmonic acid (JA). However, the biochemical and physiological functions of the cytoplasmic non‐JA producing OPRs remain largely unknown. Here, we generated Mutator‐insertional mutants of the maize OPR2 gene and tested its role in resistance to pathogens with distinct lifestyles. Functional analyses showed that the opr2 mutants were more susceptible to the (hemi)biotrophic pathogens Colletotrichum graminicola and Ustilago maydis, but were more resistant to the necrotrophic fungus Cochliobolus heterostrophus. Hormone profiling revealed that increased susceptibility to C. graminicola was associated with decreased salicylic acid (SA) but increased JA levels. Mutation of the JA‐producing lipoxygenase 10 (LOX10) reversed this phenotype in the opr2 mutant background, corroborating the notion that JA promotes susceptibility to this pathogen. Exogenous SA did not rescue normal resistance levels in opr2 mutants, suggesting that this SA‐inducible gene is the key downstream component of the SA‐mediated defences against C. graminicola. Disease assays of the single and double opr2 and lox10 mutants and the JA‐deficient opr7opr8 mutants showed that OPR2 negatively regulates JA biosynthesis, and that JA is required for resistance against C. heterostrophus. Overall, this study uncovers a novel function of a non‐JA producing OPR as a major negative regulator of JA biosynthesis during pathogen infection, a function that leads to its contrasting contribution to either resistance or susceptibility depending on pathogen lifestyle.
m6A mRNA methylation in human brain is disrupted in Lewy body disorders
Authors: Martinez De La Cruz Braulio , Gell Chris , Markus Robert , Macdonald Ian , Fray Rupert , Knight Helen Miranda 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsN6‐methyladenosine modification of RNA (m6A) regulates translational control, which may influence neuronal dysfunction underlying neurodegenerative diseases.MethodsUsing microscopy and a machine learning approach, we performed cellular profiling of m6A‐RNA abundance and YTHDF1/YTHDF3 m6A reader expression within four regions of the human brain from non‐affected individuals and individuals with Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies or mild cognitive impairment (MCI).ResultsIn non‐diseased tissue, we found that m6A‐modified RNAs showed cell‐type and sub‐compartment‐specific variation. YTHDF1 and YTHDF3 showed opposing expression patterns in the cerebellum and the frontal and cingulate cortices. Machine learning quantitative image analysis revealed that m6A‐modified transcripts were significantly altered in localisation and abundance in disease tissue with significant decreases in m6A‐RNAs in Parkinson's disease, and significant increases in m6A‐RNA abundance in dementia with Lewy bodies. MCI tissue showed variability across regions but similar to DLB; in brain areas with an overall significant increase in m6A‐RNAs, modified RNAs within dendritic processes were reduced. Using mass spectrometry proteomic datasets to corroborate our findings, we found significant changes in YTHDF3 and m6A anti‐reader protein abundance in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and asymptomatic AD/MCI tissue and correlation with cognitive resilience.ConclusionsThese results provide evidence for disrupted m6A regulation in Lewy body diseases and a plausible mechanism through which RNA processing could contribute to the formation of Lewy bodies and other dementia‐associated pathological aggregates. The findings suggest that manipulation of epitranscriptomic processes influencing translational control may lead to new therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases.
How well do nurses know their patients? Agreement between patients' degree‐of‐worry and nurses' estimation of patients' degree‐of‐worry—An observational study
Authors: Gamst‐Jensen Hejdi , Trondarson Tordis , Kallemose Thomas , Poulsen Ingrid 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo assess the agreement between patients' self‐reported degree‐of‐worry (DOW) and nurses' evaluation of patients' DOW.DesignAn observational cohort study with patients and their primary nurses.MethodsBetween 22 February and 27 March 2021, data collection among patients and their nurses in an emergency department was carried out. Patients ≥18 years, cognitively intact and Danish or English speaking were eligible to participate. Nurses regardless of seniority and gender were eligible for participation. The single‐item degree‐of‐worry measure, ‘how worried are you about the condition you are here today on a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 is minimally worried and 10 is maximum worried’ as well as information on gender, age, co‐morbidity, triage level and medical reason for encounter was collected from patients. The corresponding nurses were asked; ‘how worried do you think your patient is about the condition he/she is there today on a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 is minimally worried and 10 is maximum worried?’ Nurses also supplied data on gender, age, seniority as a Registered Nurse and in the ED. Agreement between patients' self‐reported degree‐of‐worry and nurses' evaluation of patients' degree‐of‐worry was assessed with weighted Cohen's Kappa.ResultsA total of 194 patient–nurse pairs were included for analysis. The agreement between patients' DOW and nurses' evaluation of patients' DOW categorised as DOWlow, DOWmiddle and DOWhigh was in total agreement in n = 85 pairs (43.8%) of the ratings, which corresponds to a weighted Cohen's Kappa of 0.19 (0.08–0.30; p < 0.001).ConclusionNurses estimate of their patients' DOW was in very poor agreement. This indicates that nurses are not able to assess the patient's DOW to a satisfactory level. This result is troubling as it may have serious consequences for patient care as it indicates that the nurses do not know their patients' perspectives.
Technological socialities: The impact of information and communication technologies on belonging among deaf and hard‐of‐hearing people
Authors: Ahlin Tanja , Hiddinga Anja 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis review article examines how different types of communication technologies, from the specialized medical to generic social devices, influence belonging and sociality among deaf and hard‐of‐hearing (DHH) people. The emphasis is on DHH adolescents and young adults who may be impacted differently across countries, given state‐specific policies regarding the status of sign language and deaf education, and based on different availability, affordability, and accessibility of communication technologies. We introduce different perspectives on deafness, ranging from pathological to cultural, a heuristic on which we build to explore DHH socialities as complex and evolving. We then analytically review ethnographic research on how cochlear implants impact DHH people's belonging to the “deaf world” and/or the “hearing world,” and how they navigate between these worlds. Then we move on to technologies such as text messages and social media, which enable DHH people to extend their socialities beyond local communities. Belonging is a fluid phenomenon, and technologies which are in a constant process of innovation and development may influence it in complex ways. We argue that to explore questions of belonging, identity, and sociality among DHH people, and how they are shaped by technologies, (visual) ethnographic methods are particularly productive.