bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dynamic process of covalent and non-covalent PARylation in the maintenance of genome integrity: a focus on PARP inhibitors
Authors: Beneyton Adèle , Nonfoux Louis , Gagné Jean-Philippe , Rodrigue Amélie , Kothari Charu , Atalay Nurgul , Hendzel Michael J , Poirier Guy G , Masson Jean-Yves 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosylation) (PARylation) by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) is a highly regulated process that consists of the covalent addition of polymers of ADP-ribose (PAR) through post-translational modifications of substrate proteins or non-covalent interactions with PAR via PAR binding domains and motifs, thereby reprogramming their functions. This modification is particularly known for its central role in the maintenance of genomic stability. However, how genomic integrity is controlled by an intricate interplay of covalent PARylation and non-covalent PAR binding remains largely unknown. Of importance, PARylation has caught recent attention for providing a mechanistic basis of synthetic lethality involving PARP inhibitors (PARPi), most notably in homologous recombination (HR)-deficient breast and ovarian tumors. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-cancer effect of PARPi are thought to implicate both catalytic inhibition and trapping of PARP enzymes on DNA. However, the relative contribution of each on tumor-specific cytotoxicity is still unclear. It is paramount to understand these PAR-dependent mechanisms, given that resistance to PARPi is a challenge in the clinic. Deciphering the complex interplay between covalent PARylation and non-covalent PAR binding and defining how PARP trapping and non-trapping events contribute to PARPi anti-tumour activity is essential for developing improved therapeutic strategies. With this perspective, we review the current understanding of PARylation biology in the context of the DNA damage response (DDR) and the mechanisms underlying PARPi activity and resistance.
The neural model of front-of-package label processing
Authors: Chen Jing , Fan Yixuan , Zhang Manlu , Wu Shuhuan , Li Huiyan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Front-of-package (FOP) labels have been adopted in many countries to battle the obesity pandemic and its serious health consequences by providing clearer and easier-to-understand nutrition and health information. The effectiveness of FOP labels has been generally confirmed, with some contextual and individual factors modifying their effectiveness. Existing theories (eg, the dual-process theory) and shifting priorities for self-control, provide some explanations for the FOP label effect. However, the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying the processing of FOP labels remain unknown. Here, a new model, namely, the neural model of FOP label processing, has been proposed to fill this gap by providing an integrated account of FOP label processing while simultaneously considering multiple important situational and individual factors in the same framework. This neural model is built on the core eating network (ie, the ventral reward pathway and the dorsal control pathway) for food cue processing and actual food consumption. The new model explains how FOP labels may facilitate attention, influence the core eating network, and thus alter food choices. It also demonstrates how motivation may modify FOP label processing in 2 ways: affecting attention (the indirect way) and changing the process of evaluating the food (the direct way). It further explains how some contextual and individual factors (eg, ego depletion, time pressure, and health knowledge) influence the process. Thus, the neural model integrates evidence from behavioral, eye-tracking, and neuroimaging studies into a single, integrated account, deepening understanding of the cognitive and neural mechanisms of FOP label processing. This model might facilitate consensus on the most successful FOP label. Moreover, it could provide insights for consumers, food industries, and policy makers and encourage healthy eating behaviors.
x- and y-type thioredoxins maintain redox homeostasis on photosystem I acceptor side under fluctuating light
Authors: Okegawa Yuki , Sato Nozomi , Nakakura Rino , Murai Ryota , Sakamoto Wataru , Motohashi Ken 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Plants cope with sudden increases in light intensity through various photoprotective mechanisms. Redox regulation by thioredoxin (Trx) systems also contributes to this process. Whereas the functions of f- and m-type Trxs in response to such fluctuating light conditions have been extensively investigated, those of x- and y-type Trxs are largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the trx x single, trx y1 trx y2 double, and trx x trx y1 trx y2 triple mutants in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). A detailed analysis of photosynthesis revealed changes in photosystem I (PSI) parameters under low light in trx x and trx x trx y1 trx y2. The electron acceptor side of PSI was more reduced in these mutants than in the wild type. This mutant phenotype was more pronounced under fluctuating light conditions. During both low- and high-light phases, the PSI acceptor side was largely limited in trx x and trx x trx y1 trx y2. After fluctuating light treatment, we observed more severe PSI photoinhibition in trx x and trx x trx y1 trx y2 than in the wild type. Furthermore, when grown under fluctuating light conditions, trx x and trx x trx y1 trx y2 plants showed impaired growth and decreased level of PSI subunits. These results suggest that Trx x and Trx y prevent redox imbalance on the PSI acceptor side, which is required to protect PSI from photoinhibition, especially under fluctuating light. We also propose that Trx x and Trx y contribute to maintaining the redox balance even under constant low-light conditions to prepare for sudden increases in light intensity.
A response regulator controls Acinetobacter baumannii virulence by acting as an indole receptor
Authors: Cui Binbin , Guo Quan , Li Xia , Song Shihao , Wang Mingfang , Wang Gerun , Yan Aixin , Zhou Jianuan , Deng Yinyue 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Indole is an important signal employed by many bacteria to modulate intraspecies signaling and interspecies or interkingdom communication. Our recent study revealed that indole plays a key role in regulating the physiology and virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii. However, it is not clear how A. baumannii perceives and responds to the indole signal in modulating biological functions. Here, we report that indole controls the physiology and virulence of A. baumannii through a previously uncharacterized response regulator designated as AbiR (A1S_1394), which contains a cheY-homologous receiver (REC) domain and a helix-turn-helix (HTH) DNA-binding domain. AbiR controls the same biological functions as the indole signal, and indole-deficient mutant phenotypes were rescued by in trans expression of AbiR. Intriguingly, unlike other response regulators that commonly interact with signal ligands through the REC domain, AbiR binds to indole with a high affinity via an unusual binding region, which is located between its REC and HTH domains. This interaction substantially enhances the activity of AbiR in promoter binding and in modulation of target gene expression. Taken together, our results present a widely conserved regulator that controls bacterial physiology and virulence by sensing the indole signal in a unique mechanism.
Efficacy and management of tocilizumab in polymyalgia rheumatica: results of a multicentre retrospective observational study
Authors: Assaraf Morgane , Chevet Baptiste , Wendling Daniel , Philippe Peggy , Cailliau Emeline , Roux Christian , Dieude Philippe , Ottaviani Sebastien , Avouac Jérôme , Delacour Mathilde , Houvenagel Eric , Sellam Jérémie , Cortet Bernard , Henry Julien , Flipo René-Marc , Devauchelle-Pensec Valérie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The efficacy of anti-IL-6 receptors such as tocilizumab (TCZ) was demonstrated in patients with PMR in two recent randomized controlled trials. The objective of this multicentre retrospective study was to assess the efficacy of TCZ in PMR patients requiring glucocorticoid (GC)-sparing treatment, as well as different strategies for TCZ withdrawal.

Methods
We conducted a multicentre study in French tertiary healthcare departments for patients with PMR. PMR patients receiving off-label TCZ between 2015 and 2022 were included. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients tapering to GCs ≤5 mg/day 6 months after the first TCZ infusion. The secondary endpoints were the proportion in whom GC was discontinued during follow-up, and the proportion of patients in whom TCZ was discontinued.

Results
Fifty-three PMR patients were included. Thirty-one patients suffered from active PMR despite conventional synthetic DMARDs. GCs were ≤5 mg/day in 77% of the patients (95% CI 36–89) at 6 months, and in 97% of the patients at 12 months. Six and 12 months after the first TCZ infusion, the proportions of GC-free patients were 22.5% (95% CI 12.7–37.8) and 58.3% (95% CI 43.2–74.1), respectively. Among TCZ withdrawal strategies, TCZ infusion spacing and TCZ dose reduction were more successful (success in 87% and 79% of attempts, respectively) than TCZ discontinuation (success in 52% of attempts; P = 0.012 and P = 0.039, respectively).

Conclusion
In GC-dependent PMR patients, treatment with TCZ led to a drastic decrease in GC dose and remission of PMR. TCZ dose reduction or TCZ infusion spacing are good options to consider in TCZ withdrawal.
Anticipated Pleasure and Displeasure for Future Social and nonsocial Events: A Scale Development Study
Authors: Zhang Rui-Ting , Yang Tian-xiao , Wang Zhao-ying , Yang Ming-yue , Huang Jia , Wang Ya , Lui Simon S Y , Chan Raymond C K 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
People with schizophrenia (SCZ) or schizotypal traits (ST) have difficulties in anticipating future pleasure and displeasure in social situations. However, no self-report scale has been developed to specifically capture these abilities. This study aimed to develop and validate the Social Affective Forecasting Scale (SAFS), and to examine how anticipated pleasure and displeasure are associated with ST and clinical symptoms in SCZ.

Study Design
Study 1 recruited a main sample of 666 college students and a validation sample of 927 college students to complete the SAFS and other measurements for anhedonia. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), parallel analysis, and measurement invariance analysis were conducted. Study 2 recruited 2655 college students, 47 people with SCZ and 47 matched controls to complete the SAFS. Correlation analysis, regression analysis, and independent t-tests were performed.

Study Results
Both EFA and CFA indicated a 4-factor model which was supported by parallel analysis in the validation sample. The SAFS showed good internal consistency, convergent validity, and strong invariance across sex. Interpersonal features of ST and negative symptoms in SCZ were associated with reduced anticipated pleasure for positive social events.

Conclusions
The SAFS appears to be a reliable scale for evaluating anticipated pleasure and displeasure for future social and nonsocial events, and can be applied to study social anhedonia in individuals with ST and individuals with SCZ.
Inhibition of CK2α accelerates skin wound healing by promoting endothelial cell proliferation through the Hedgehog signaling pathway
Authors: Zhu Junjie , Chen Peng , Liang Jiaojiao , Wu Zhaohang , Jin Haiqun , Xu Tianpeng , Zheng Yeyi , Ma Hongfang , Cong Weitao , Wang Xu , Guan Xueqiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDiabetes is a chronic disease characterized by perturbed glucose and lipid metabolism, resulting in high blood glucose levels. Many complications induced by endothelial dysfunction can cause disability and even death of diabetic patients. Here, we found that the protein level of casein kinase 2α (CK2α) was increased in the endothelium of mice with type I diabetes (T1D) induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Although a potential correlation between the protein level of CK2α and endothelial dysfunction in diabetes was established, the contribution of CK2α to the progression of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes remained largely unknown. By using CX4945 (a selective CK2α antagonist) and Si‐csnk2a1 (small interfering RNA targeting CK2α), we found that inhibition of CK2α accelerated skin wound healing in T1D mice by promoting proliferation of endothelial cells. Administration of CX4945 or Si‐csnk2a1 rescued the impaired Hedgehog signaling pathway in high glucose‐treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Exploration of the underlying molecular mechanism revealed that the protective effect of CK2α inhibition on angiogenesis, which contributes to skin wound healing in diabetic mice, was blocked by administration of GANT61 (an inhibitor targeting the Hedgehog signaling pathway). Our findings establish CK2α as a regulator of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes and demonstrate that inhibition of CK2α accelerates skin wound healing in T1D mice by promoting endothelial cell proliferation via the Hedgehog signaling pathway.
The Effect of CytoSorb on Inflammatory Markers in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials*
Authors: Heymann Marc , Schorer Raoul , Putzu Alessandro 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVES:The effectiveness of CytoSorb at removing inflammatory mediators in critically ill patients is controversial.DATA SOURCES:Electronic databases were searched from inception to May 2023.STUDY SELECTION:Randomized controlled trials reporting the effects of CytoSorb therapy on inflammatory parameters in critically ill patients with hyperinflammatory conditions were included.DATA EXTRACTION:Two authors screened articles for eligibility, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias, conflicts of interest, and certainty of evidence (CoE). The primary outcome was interleukin (IL)-6 at 1 day after initiation of the therapy. Secondary outcomes included various inflammatory markers at 1, 2, 3, and 5 days and mortality. Data were pooled if at least three trials reported the outcome of interest. We conducted meta-analyses of the data using a random-effects model.DATA SYNTHESIS:Seventeen trials (n= 855) were included. Fourteen trials were judged to have notable concern about conflicts of interest. Seven trials were performed in medical ICU patients with hyperinflammatory conditions and 10 in complex cardiovascular surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. Hemoadsorption with CytoSorb was not associated with lower IL-6 at 1 day (mean difference −5.98 [95% CI, −30.44 to 18.48] pg/mL), 2 days, 3 days, or 5 days after initiation of the treatment, as well as the concentration of procalcitionin. The levels of C-reactive protein were not lower with CytoSorb at 1, 2, and 3 days. The use of CytoSorb was associated with higher mortality at latest follow-up (relative risk = 1.22 [95% CI, 1.02–1.45]) and at 30 days. CoE ranged from low to very low.CONCLUSIONS:The use of CytoSorb hemoadsorption in a mixed population of critically ill patients with hyperinflammatory conditions does not exhibit a consistent decrease in IL-6 and other inflammatory parameters within the first 5 days of treatment. The significant uncertainty surrounding these findings highlights the need for further investigations.
Characterization of Auricular Growth within the Pediatric Population Using Computed Tomography Scan Measurements
Authors: Leto Barone Angelo A. , Farley Gabrielle , Vieira Alves Vinicius P. , Bredemeier Nina O. , Hogan Elise , Madzia Jules , Woodyard Kiersten , Schwentker Ann R. , Fleck Robert J. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
In patients with microtia, auricular reconstruction is ideally performed promptly to prevent impaired socialization during formative childhood years. The earliest viable age for reconstruction is widely accepted from 7–10 years of age, as full auricular size is achieved around age 8, with some variability dependent on sex. This retrospective study aims to provide an auricular growth curve that accounts for age and sex, enhancing the individualized approach to ear reconstruction.

Methods:
A total of 319 images of unaffected patients who underwent computed tomography angiography of the head and neck were reviewed, with bilateral cartilage height and width measured according to a consensus-standardized image measurement protocol. Means and SDs of cartilage height and width were calculated for both sexes, and analysis of ear growth was performed through plotting the mean cartilage height, width, and width:height ratio over time.

Results:
Cartilage height and width differed significantly between male and female groups. Maximum cartilage height was reached at age 11 for female and at age 12 for male patients, whereas maximum cartilage width was reached at ages 10 and 8, respectively. On average, the width:height ratio for female group was 0.58. For male group, the average width:height ratio was 0.59.

Conclusions:
An auricular growth map was designed using computed tomography measurements demonstrating maximum auricular size at age 11 and 12 respectively for female and male patients, with both sexes having a width:height ratio maintained at approximately 0.6 throughout growth.
Emergency Department Observation Unit Patients Want Evaluation and Treatment for Hypercholesterolemia: A Health Belief Model Study
Authors: Ashburn Nicklaus P. , Snavely Anna C. , Stanek Laurie S. , Shapiro Michael D. , Rikhi Rishi R. , Chado Michael A. , Stopyra Jason P. , Mahler Simon A. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Hypercholesterolemia (HCL) is common among emergency department (ED) and ED observation unit (EDOU) patients with chest pain but is not typically addressed in these settings. The objective of this study was to assess patient attitudes towards EDOU-based HCL care using the Health Belief Model.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional survey study among 100 EDOU patients ≥18 years-old evaluated for chest pain in the EDOU of a tertiary care center from September 1, 2020, to November 01, 2021. Five-point Likert-scale surveys were used to assess each Health Belief Model domain: Cues to Action, Perceived Susceptibility, Perceived Barriers, Perceived Self-Efficacy, and Perceived Benefits. Responses were categorized as agree or do not agree.

Results:
The participants were 49.0% (49/100) female, 39.0% (39/100) non-white, and had a mean age of 59.0 ± 12.4 years. Most (83.0% [83/100, 95% confidence interval (CI), 74.2%-89.8%]) agreed the EDOU is an appropriate place for HCL education and 52.0% (52/100, 95% CI, 41.8%-62.1%) were interested in talking with their EDOU care team about HCL. Regarding Perceived Susceptibility, 88.0% (88/100, 95% CI, 80.0%-93.6%) believed HCL to be bad for their health, while 41.0% (41/100, 95% CI, 31.3%-51.3%) believed medication costs could be a barrier. For Perceived Self-Efficacy, 76.0% (76/100, 95% CI, 66.4%-84.0%) were receptive to taking medications. Overall, 95.0% (95/100, 95% CI, 88.7%-98.4%) believed managing HCL would benefit their health.

Conclusions:
This Health Belief Model-based survey indicates high patient interest in EDOU-initiated HCL care. Patients reported high rates of Perceived Susceptibility, Self-Efficacy, and Benefits and a minority found HCL therapy costs a barrier.
Opsoclonus and ocular flutter: evaluation and management
Authors: Grossman Scott N. , Rucker Janet C. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
Opsoclonus and ocular flutter are saccadic intrusions characterized by spontaneous, back-to-back, fast eye movements (saccades) that oscillate about the midline of central visual fixation without intervening inter-saccadic intervals. When this type of movement occurs exclusively in the horizontal plane, it is called ocular flutter. When it occurs in multiple planes (i.e. horizontal, vertical, and torsional) it is called opsoclonus. The most common etiologic categories are parainfectious and paraneoplastic diseases. Less common are toxic-metabolic, traumatic, or idiopathic origins. The mechanism of these movements relates to dysfunction of brainstem and cerebellar machinery involved in the generation of saccades. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of opsoclonus and ocular flutter, describe approaches to clinical evaluation and management of the patient with opsoclonus and ocular flutter, and review approaches to therapeutic intervention.

Recent findings
Recent publications demonstrated eye position-dependent opsoclonus present only in left gaze, which may be related to dysfunction of frontal eye fields or structures in the cerebellar vermis.

Summary
Opsoclonus and ocular flutter originate from a broad array of neuropathologies and have value from both a neuroanatomic and etiologic perspective.
Factors influencing antibiotic prescribing by nurse practitioners: A quantitative pilot study using the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Patel Pinki , Hou Cindy , Manning Mary Lou 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The overuse of antibiotics contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance (AR) and exposes patients to potential antibiotic-related harm. Nurse practitioners (NPs) are well positioned to optimize antibiotic use; however, little is known about the factors influencing NP prescribing behaviors.

Purpose:
Describe the knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control in prescribing antibiotics among NPs practicing at a large university-affiliated health care system in the northeast United States.

Methodology:
This was a cross-sectional online anonymous survey using the Theory of Planned Behavior. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample. Nonparametric tests were used to examine differences in the dependent variables by demographic characteristics.

Results:
One hundred seventy-four of 618 NPs (28%) completed the survey. Almost all considered AR a problem in the United States, but only half considered it a problem in their health care setting. More than half indicated they prescribed antibiotics less than 25% of the time in daily practice. Most were confident in making antibiotic prescribing decisions. There was a positive relationship between years of experience as NPs and their confidence in making antibiotic prescribing decisions (p < .003) and an inverse relationship between years of experience as NPs and asking for advice from physicians or pharmacists when prescribing antibiotics (p < .002).

Conclusion/Implications:
With increasing numbers of NPs managing infectious diseases and prescribing antibiotics, these findings will inform interventions to support appropriate prescribing behaviors.