bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ROV Teleoperation based on Sensory Augmentation and Digital Twins
Authors: Xia Pengxiang , McSweeney Kevin P. , Song Zhuoyuan , Du Eric 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
ROV operations are mainly performed via a traditional control kiosk and limited data feedback methods, such as the use of joysticks and camera view displays equipped on a surface vessel. This traditional setup requires significant personnel on board (POB) time and imposes high requirements for personnel training. This paper proposes a virtual reality (VR) based haptic-visual ROV teleoperation system that can substantially simplify ROV teleoperation and enhance the remote operator's situational awareness.
This study leverages the recent development in Mixed Reality (MR) technologies, sensory augmentation, sensing technologies, and closed-loop control, to visualize and render complex underwater environmental data in an intuitive and immersive way. The raw sensor data will be processed with physics engine systems and rendered as a high-fidelity digital twin model in game engines. Certain features will be visualized and displayed via the VR headset, whereas others will be manifested as haptic and tactile cues via our haptic feedback systems. We applied a simulation approach to test the developed system.
With our developed system, a high-fidelity subsea environment is reconstructed based on the sensor data collected from an ROV including the bathymetric, hydrodynamic, visual, and vehicle navigational measurements. Specifically, the vehicle is equipped with a navigation sensor system for real-time state estimation, an acoustic Doppler current profiler for far-field flow measurement, and a bio-inspired artificial literal-line hydrodynamic sensor system for near-field small-scale hydrodynamics. Optimized game engine rendering algorithms then visualize key environmental features as augmented user interface elements in a VR headset, such as color-coded vectors, to indicate the environmental impact on the performance and function of the ROV. In addition, augmenting environmental feedback such as hydrodynamic forces are translated into patterned haptic stimuli via a haptic suit for indicating drift-inducing flows in the near field. A pilot case study was performed to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the system design in a series of simulated ROV operation tasks.
ROVs are widely used in subsea exploration and intervention tasks, playing a critical role in offshore inspection, installation, and maintenance activities. The innovative ROV teleoperation feedback and control system will lower the barrier for ROV pilot jobs.
Cyclic Strength of Soils at Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind Farm
Authors: Peralta Proserpine , Vembu Kalaiarasi , Dow Fraser Jack , Adhikari Sudarshan , Trandafir Aurelian , Long Xiaoyan , Hargrave Deanne 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe cyclic soil behavior of North Sea clays and silica sands have been well-documented (Andersen 2004, 2009, etc), and have been used globally to develop soil models and design foundations for structures subjected to cyclic wave loading. The recent development of offshore wind farms within the Atlantic Offshore Continental Shelf (OCS) in the U.S. have prompted the large-scale design of fixed-bottom foundations of offshore wind structures, which are designed to be highly dynamic. In contrast to North Sea soils, very few data have been published regarding the strength behavior of typical Atlantic OCS soils. This has prompted the need to review industry-accepted soil models and cyclic design procedures based on empirical data and model testing from the North Sea and whether these may be applicable to Atlantic OCS soils. This paper presents cyclic soil data from a series of triaxial and direct simple shear tests on clay, silt, and sand samples from the Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind Lease Area in offshore New Jersey. A comparison of the soil behavior is made to published North Sea soils data and recommendations are provided on soil parameters for application to foundation design procedures for offshore wind structures within the Atlantic OCS.
Decarbonization Strategies to Reduce GHG Emissions on the All Electric FPSO
Authors: Correia Rosana de Freitas , do Vale Osvaldo Roberto , Barros Igor Malamace de Azevedo , Braun Felipe Eduardo , Pivatto Bruno Coccaro , Cavaliere Carlos Andre Carreiro , Soares Fabricio Benites , Ferreira Daniel , Costa Marcia Gusmão Teixeira , Takemoto Alexandre Yudi Mille , Barbosa Rodrigo Suzart Alca , Ribeiro Leonardo da Silva 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a set of technologies and optimizations implemented in the All Electric FPSO, the largest PETROBRAS’ design, that was conceived to operate in Atapu and Sépia fields and will become into P-84 and P-85 FPSOs, respectively. This design was done to increase the Pre-Salt production, add more value to its reserves and minimize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. All Electric concept considers all rotating process equipment to be driven by electrical motors. Based on this concept, the process plant configuration and the number of equipment trains were defined to comply with the flow capacities. The adoption of this new concept was possible due to proactive advocacy of PETROBRAS and other oil and gas companies for the revision of an environmental regulation that limited its use (CONAMA 382/2006). Moreover, other decarbonization solutions were selected and incorporated on the project based on MACC methodology and PETROBRAS's low carbon strategy. Considering the typical emissions of a FPSO, the technologies and optimizations were deployed on the main sources: power generation, flaring, venting and fugitives. Some reduction emission initiatives were implemented for the first time in a FPSO of large capacity, such as: all-electric plant concept, deeper seawater intake system, cargo tanks gas blanketing and recovery system and variable speed control on water injection pumps. Moreover, known technologies such as flare gas recovery system, closed drainage gas recovery system, cogeneration, low fugitive emission valves, and CCUS-EOR etc. were also used on All Electric FPSO design. As a result, the GHG emission intensity achieved was estimated about up to 30% less than previous FPSO designs. Another accomplishment was the zero routine flaring and venting, based on World Bank initiative, which PETROBRAS is committed. Finally, all these initiatives are significant to the company achieve its goals, maximizing value and producing oil and gas with reduction of GHG emissions. The All Electric FPSO design is an example of how an energy efficiency approach could achieve a reduction in GHG emissions. The lessons learned during the development of this design contribute to broaden the knowledge for oil and gas industry decarbonization.
Applications of Additive Manufacturing in Subsea Production Systems
Authors: Della Roverys Coseglio Mario Sergio , Velazquez Rafael , Chiquito Paulo , Ahmad Nameer Syed , Nietz Martin , Milne Gary 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
While additive manufacturing (AM) of metallic materials (commonly known as metal 3D printing) has greatly advanced in the aerospace and medical industries in recent years, the oil & gas sector still lags in adopting the technology. One aspect that plays a key role in this scenario, especially for subsea components, is the robust set of requirements. Despite recent progress made via joint industrial projects (JIP) to establish an internationally acceptable framework for AM applications, there are still issues that need to be addressed to fully take advantage of what the technology has to offer. One of the challenges is selecting the most appropriate parts. The objective of this work, therefore, is to analyze the portfolio of an oil & gas company to identify opportunities and select one metallic subsea component that is more suitable to be manufactured using laser-based powder bed fusion (LPBF), an AM technology with a high degree of maturity and widespread industrial use. Through a program designed to identify best uses of AM and to accelerate its application, a multidisciplinary team of engineers, product managers and designers teamed up with AM experts to conduct high-level assessment and detailed evaluation of the portfolio to identify the best candidates considering both technical and economic criteria. The main contribution of this study is the generation of data that can lead to a better understanding of the applicability of AM in the oil and gas industry, particularly in subsea applications. The results obtained can also guide future developments aimed at integrating AM into the oil & gas production chain.
Time Series Data Analysis with Recurrent Neural Network for Early Kick Detection
Authors: Wang Junzhe , Ozbayoglu Evren , Baldino Silvio , Liu Yaxin , Zheng Danzhu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Fast and accurate kick detection during drilling operations is critical to ensure drilling safety and reduce non-productive time. Over the years, the industry has taken various approaches to address this problem. However, due to the complexity of the influx process, the problem of slow detection speed and high false detection rate still exists. While many recent works of literature have attempted to solve the influx detection problem with machine learning algorithms, only a few of them have considered the time series information in real-time drilling data. Since there may be lags of unknown duration between different drilling parameters, a properly designed time series analysis model may be able to capture their relationships and make reasonable predictions. Recurrent Neural Network with long short-term memory (RNN-LSTM) architecture is a deep learning algorithm capable of making predictions based on historical time series data. Previous studies have shown that the RNN-LSTM algorithms can be applied to real-time drilling data to reasonably predict the trends of a segment of drilling data such as the total mud pit volume. In this paper, several sensitive influx indicators are separately predicted by completely independent RNN-LSTM models based on different sets of real-time drilling parameters. These models run as ensemble learning models to continuously predict influx indicators. Then, the prediction results will be quantified, and the probability of kicks will be calculated based on the different weights for each indicator. The proposed model is tested on field data in parallel with some common kick detection models and the performance is analyzed. It is concluded that the proposed model can perform accurate influx detection and outperform some common methods in the industry in terms of detection speed.
Importance of Flexible Structure Modeling of a Floating Wind Platform
Authors: Shi Yu , Yang Zhiyong , Bian Xiaoqiang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Recently, the ultra large wind turbines push floating wind platform’s size to a gigantic scale. The most recent 15MW wind turbine brings a lot of challenges to the floating structure design. Rigid body assumptions of the floating body and wind turbine tower may not be valid for such a large scale. Flexible body modeling of these large floating wind platforms allows the consideration of flexibility of the structures and results in a more accurate prediction of the design loads and the structure behavior. In this case study, we used a generic floating 15MW wind turbine model similar to UMaine 15MW wind turbine semisubmersible and a patented PyraWind™ 15MW wind turbine platform for a comparative study. For each of the two platforms, an OrcaFlex model with flexible body assumption is compared with an OrcaFlex model with rigid body assumption. The global performance and design loads of the two models are compared in detail. For different hull structures, due to the differences in the rigidity of the supporting structure, there is a difference in the tower behavior with or without flexible body modeling. This paper lays the groundwork for future research on flexible body modeling in the design of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT).
Case Study: Effective and Economical Approach to Prevent Scale Formation Using Scale Inhibitor Squeeze into Reservoir
Authors: Lim Ann Jie , De Cruz Abigail Lian , Koyyalamudi Lakshmi Narayana , Ismail Mohd Syahezat , Khairudin Azri , Mohd Nawi Mohd Shakir , Isrofeil Izyan Haziqah , Zulkafli Luqman Hakim , M Adib M Syamil , Mohamed Arsyamimi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Producing wells in Field T, Malaysia offshore have faced significant production impairment due to deposition of calcite and barite scale in the tubing and reservoir. A proactive approach is strategized to inhibit the scale formation along the inner wall of production tubing and reservoir through a scale inhibitor squeeze (SISQ) treatment with a lifespan of 2 years. The main objective of this approach is to eliminate the need of frequent stimulation jobs to maintain the production.
Several attempts of scale inhibitor pumping in the past had been applied in the operator's production fields with different scale inhibitor (SI) formulations. However, some of the SISQ jobs were unsuccessful meanwhile some did not meet the treatment life targeted. A Root Cause Failure Analysis (RCFA) was conducted and the best practices and recommendations from the previous scale treatments were incorporated into this scale inhibitor squeeze treatment while the lessons learnt were implemented to prevent reoccurrence of unwanted events.
In the past, most of the failed acidizing and SISQ jobs were caused by misdiagnosis of the root cause of production drop in wells, causing wrong selection of candidates right from the beginning. Another cause is the reaction between the chemical and existing scale in the tubing wall that resulted in the disintegration of the deposits, which subsequently block the flow of the well. There were also instances where coreflooding tests were not conducted due to unavailability of core samples. From the past failure contributors, the best practice proposed is to initiate any scale inhibition program by determining the correct root cause of production drop and to proceed with remedying the existing scale buildup. Examples of the solutions are through scale clean out, acidizing or workover before implementing a prevention solution such as SISQ. During the chemical selection stage, scale inhibitors should be selected based on a series of lab tests to study the performance of scale inhibitors, potential of damage formation, scale inhibitor retention core flood analysis, scale inhibitor thermal stability and fluids compatibility.
Both wells B15 and D04 SS on which the SISQ jobs were conducted after acidizing job, have until now sustained their production. The MIC is well above 5 ppm target although approaching the end of 2-year treatment life. The Multifinger Imaging Tool (MIT) run downhole after one and a half years also indicated insignificant scale buildup on tubing wall. Permanent downhole gauge flowing pressure is also stable indicating no severe skin buildup. The produced water ions data, however, is insufficient to provide a view on the upward or downward trend of the scaling ions. In future replications, produced water ions sampling frequency should be increased.
Interrupt Criteria for DP-Operated Facilities
Authors: Kaasen Karl Erik , Ludvigsen Halgeir , Bjørheim Lars Geir 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Incidents of loss of position for semi-sumersible vessels have been found to be caused by wave-drift loads. For a semi, the wave-drift loads can be significantly larger than predicted by conventional methods based on potential theory, due to viscous loads on the columns. In addition, the wave-drift load may increase due to the presence of current.
A DP system will give much stronger damping than a mooring system of similar restoring stiffness. This will alter the characteristic of the vessel's low frequency motion, which will tend to be exponentially distributed. A consequence of this is that the extreme wave-driven vessel excursions will be large in comparison with the average motion.
A marine operation can only be carried out provided the critical variables of response stay below given limits with a sufficiently large probability. To estimate probabilities of limit non-exceedance, simulation of 100 hours of vessel motion is carried out for a number of sea states. Weibull distributions are then fitted to the response data and further used for extreme value calculation. Although the processes of wave frequency (1st order, WF) motion and the low frequency (2nd-order, LF) wave-induced motion are totally different, Weibull distributions could successfully be fitted to the total (LF+WF) motion. The fitted Weibull distributions were close to the exponential distribution, which they should for a strongly damped vessel.
From the Weibull distributions quantiles of vessel motion could be calculated for given probabilities of limit non-exceedance. Examples of how this information can be used in interrupt criteria for marine operations are given.
Applications of Adaptive Sampling Strategies of Autonomous Vehicles, Drifters, Floats, and HF-Radar, to Improve Loop Current System Dynamics Forecasts in the Deepwater Gulf of Mexico
Authors: DiMarco Steven Francis , Glenn Scott M , Jaimes de la Cruz Benjamin , Jiménez Rosalinda Monreal , Knap Anthony Hayden , Liu Yonggang , Magnell Bruce , Mahmud Sakib , Miles Travis N , Pallas-Sanz Enric , Ramos Rafael , Salas de León David Alberto , Shay Lynn Keith , Smith Michael , Tenreiro Miguel , Weisberg Robert H 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Gulf of Mexico holds vital natural, commercial, and societal resources. A diverse array of stakeholders (which includes the offshore energy sector, climate scientists, living resources managers, recreational and commercial fishing industry, tourism, navigation, homeland security, the National Weather Service, oil spill, tropical weather forecasters) rely on accurate and timely prediction of the deepwater dynamics to perform safe operations and to understand the complex interactions of the earth climate and weather system. A strategy to improve predictive skill of numerical ocean circulation models of the deepwater Gulf of Mexico using adaptive sampling of in situ oceanographic observational platforms, which includes autonomous vehicles, buoyancy gliders, floats, drifters, and high-frequency radar is described. Profiling platforms, i.e., gliders and floats, will collect co-located estimates of temperature, salinity, and current velocity, to provide estimates of the total kinematic vertical water-column structure. The observations will be made available to numerical circulation modelers for injection into data assimilation routines and for model skill assessment, validation, and data denial experiments. The activities, to take place in 2023 to 2027, are focused on the Mini Adaptive Sampling Test Run, i.e., MASTR, (summer 2023) and the Grand Adaptive Sampling Experiment, GrASE (2024-2025).
How Underwater Drones Can Promote the Environmental Sustainability of Offshore Natural Resources Exploitation
Authors: Massari Giovanni , Marras Cristina , Cavallini Francesco 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
As the world shifts at fast pace towards new energy scenarios, the offshore environment is attracting extensive new project developments that pose new challenges in the management and the protection of marine ecosystems.
In parallel, the recent geopolitical situation has exposed the compelling need to guarantee the integrity of subsea critical energy infrastructure calling for new paradigms to efficiently perform complex periodic inspections and intervention tasks. All these factors are driving a rapid evolution of subsea robotics, enabled by the advancement of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, which have now reached a sufficient maturity level for industrial deployment.
Within these innovation scenarios, underwater intervention / inspection drones (UIDs) are rising to offer the most promising answers to the needs of the offshore industry. This new family of underwater robots presenting AUV/ROV hybrid capabilities, enable new attractive operational paradigms that are already being positively recognized by the offshore industry. The use of UIDs, particularly when permanently integrated into fields (topside or as subsea resident) could greatly contribute to reducing the costs and risks normally associated with subsea inspection activities.
The scope of this paper is to offer an overview of UIDs and provide the necessary elements to take full advantage of this technology, supporting the environmental sustainability of future offshore projects and activities. The investigation provided, explores conventional applications for oil and gas and then extends to future new energies, deep-sea mining and CO2 capture and storage projects. The analysis starts from UIDs state-of-the-art technology and moves to explore possible application scenarios in the attempt to anticipate possible solutions and related technical gaps.
SIIBED: Soil Response of Dense Sand Under Rapid Inclined Loading
Authors: Phillips Ryan , Chen Jin , Thompson Shawn Trevor , Dayarathne Rajith Sudilan , Piercey Gerry , Barrett John 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The objective of this paper is document numerical and physical modelling carried out under the SIIBED program in order to develop, calibrate and validate a design tool for assessment of risk to subsea infrastructure due to ice keel interaction with pipelines, flexible flowlines, and electrical cables. Soil response is a key factor in the complex interaction between surface-laid flowlines, iceberg keels, and the seabed. In this study, centrifuge model tests and accompanying large-deformation finite element analyses were performed to investigate the soil behavior under various water depths and pipe–soil interaction rates.
A series of centrifuge tests were completed using a scaled model of a 0.324 m diameter pipe in dense silica sand with a viscous pore fluid. The model pipe was pushed into the model seabed at a 60° penetration angle, at various penetration rates and water depths. The prototype-scale pipe–soil interaction problem was modeled using the Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian method. Effective stress based dense sand constitutive behaviors were simulated using a modified Mohr-Coulomb model.
The pipe–soil interaction was tested under backpressure and with loading speeds comparable to mean iceberg drift speeds. A significant increase in soil resistance was observed between slow and rapid penetration tests and between the drained and undrained CEL models, indicating that penetration rate and drainage condition can greatly affect soil resistance. Furthermore, a partially drained CEL model was developed to illustrate the connection between penetration rate and drainage condition qualitatively, and how they affect the soil resistance. Meanwhile, the soil response was not sensitive to the water depths (or backpressures) in the centrifuge tests, while a high sensitivity was shown in the undrained CEL model. Potential reasons are explored.