bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonconstant steady states and pattern formations of generalized 1D cross‐diffusion systems with prey‐taxis
Authors: Luo Demou , Wang Qiru , Chen Li 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCross‐diffusion effects and tactic interactions are the processes that preys move away from the highest density of predators preferentially, or vice versa. It is renowned that these effects have played significant roles in ecology and biology, which are also essential to the maintenance of diversity of species. To simulate the stability of systems and illustrate their spatial distributions, we consider positive nonconstant steady states of a generalized cross‐diffusion model with prey‐taxis and general functional responses in one dimension. By applying linear stability theory, we analyze the stability of the interior equilibrium and show that even in the case of negative cross‐diffusion rate, which appeared in many models, the corresponding cross‐diffusion model has opportunity to achieve its stability. Meanwhile, in addition to the cross‐diffusion effect, tactic interactions can also destabilize the homogeneity of predator–prey systems if the tactic interaction coefficient is negative. Otherwise, taxis effects can stabilize the homogeneity.
Food for thought: Physiological considerations for nutritional ergogenic efficacy
Authors: Wickham Kate A. , Spriet Lawrence L. 
Published: January 2023

Top‐class athletes have optimized their athletic performance largely through adequate training, nutrition, recovery, and sleep. A key component of sports nutrition is the utilization of nutritional ergogenic aids, which may provide a small but significant increase in athletic performance. Over the last decade, there has been an exponential increase in the consumption of nutritional ergogenic aids, where over 80% of young athletes report using at least one nutritional ergogenic aid for training and/or competition. Accordingly, due to their extensive use, there is a growing need for strong scientific investigations validating or invalidating the efficacy of novel nutritional ergogenic aids. Notably, an overview of the physiological considerations that play key roles in determining ergogenic efficacy is currently lacking. Therefore, in this brief review, we discuss important physiological considerations that contribute to ergogenic efficacy for nutritional ergogenic aids that are orally ingested including (1) the impact of first pass metabolism, (2) rises in systemic concentrations, and (3) interactions with the target tissue. In addition, we explore mouth rinsing as an alternate route of ergogenic efficacy that bypasses the physiological hurdles of first pass metabolism via direct stimulation of the central nervous system. Moreover, we provide real‐world examples and discuss several practical factors that can alter the efficacy of nutritional ergogenic aids including human variability, dosing protocols, training status, sex differences, and the placebo effect. Taking these physiological considerations into account will strengthen the quality and impact of the literature regarding the efficacy of potential ergogenic aids for top‐class athletes.
Unilateral blindness presumed as sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) in one Dachshund and four Maltese dogs
Authors: Susanti Lina , Kwon Dohyoung , Ahn Jaesang , Seo Kangmoon , Kang Seonmi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe blindness, initially presenting as a unilateral condition and diagnosed as sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS).Animals StudiedOne Dachshund and four Maltese dogs presented with unilateral blindness, for which the results of general ophthalmic examinations were insufficient to explain the blindness. All dogs were spayed females.ResultsIntraocular pressures were normal, and the optical media of the eyes were clear. Fundus appearances of the initially blind eyes were within normal variations, with slightly attenuated retinal blood vessels in some cases when compared with the sighted contralateral eyes. Electroretinography (ERG) amplitudes of the affected eyes were flat and reduced in the contralateral‐sighted eyes in four dogs. One dog underwent ERG after the blindness progressed bilaterally 8 days after initial presentation (despite topical steroid medication). Two dogs had no recheck visits, but phone call follow‐ups reported bilateral blindness 3 months later in one dog. One dog received no medication and retained vision in the contralateral eye until the last follow‐up (94 days later). One dog received systemic cyclosporine and steroid medications and maintained vision in the contralateral eye; however, regular ERG rechecks showed a trend of declining amplitude (448 days). In this dog, optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed different stages of disorganized retinal layers as well as different retinal thickness between the eyes.ConclusionsDespite normal‐looking fundi, ERG and OCT revealed different degrees of retinal changes between both eyes in this study. Eyes with vision might develop progressive blindness after a substantial amount of time in these presumed SARDS cases.
The Effect of Flying Sprints at 90% to 95% of Maximal Velocity on Sprint Performance
Authors: Skoglund Anders , Strand Martin Frank , Haugen Thomas A. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Submaximal sprinting allows for larger accumulated work to be reached before the onset of fatigue, compared with maximal efforts. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sprint running at 90% to 95% of maximal velocity (Vmax) on sprint performance. Methods: Recreationally active adults were randomly assigned into a control group (n = 12, 27 [5] y, 172 [9] cm, 72 [15] kg) and a training group (n = 14, 26 [4] y, 171 [9] cm, 69 [11] kg). Both groups completed pretesting and posttesting in form of a 30-m sprint separated by a 6-week period. The training group performed a weekly sprint-training session consisting of 30-m flying sprints at 90% to 95% of Vmax, while the control group performed no intervention training. Results: Significant improvements in the training group were observed for 10- (P = .003), 20- (P = .001), and 30-m sprint time (P = .002). These improvements were accompanied by higher step rate (P = .006) and theoretical Vmax (P = .007) and maximal power (P = .004). Significant between-groups differences were observed for 10- (P = .008), 20- (P < .001), and 30-m sprint time (P < .001), as well as for step rate (P = .015), theoretical Vmax (P = .016), and maximal power (P = .008). All within- and between-groups differences were in the range of trivial to small. Conclusion: Sprint running at 90% to 95% of Vmax can enhance 10- to 30-m sprint performance in recreationally active adults.
Blood Flow Restriction Training in Clinical Rehabilitation: Occlusion Pressure Methods Relative to the Limb Occlusion Pressure
Authors: Chulvi-Medrano Iván , Cortell-Tormo Juan Manuel , Hernández-Sánchez Sergio , Picón-Martínez Moisés , Rolnick Nicholas 
Published: January 2023

Context: Resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) has increased in clinical rehabilitation due to the substantial benefits observed in augmenting muscle mass and strength using low loads. However, there is a great variability of training pressures for clinical populations as well as methods to estimate it. The aim of this study was to estimate the percentage of maximal BFR that could result by applying different methodologies based on arbitrary or individual occlusion levels using a cuff width between 9 and 13 cm. Design: A secondary analysis was performed on the combined databases of 2 previous larger studies using BFR training. Methods: To estimate these percentages, the occlusion values needed to reach complete BFR (100% limb occlusion pressure [LOP]) were estimated by Doppler ultrasound. Seventy-five participants (age 24.32 [4.86] y; weight: 78.51 [14.74] kg; height: 1.77 [0.09] m) were enrolled in the laboratory study for measuring LOP in the thigh, arm, or calf. Results: When arbitrary values of restriction are applied, a supra-occlusive LOP between 120% and 190% LOP may result. Furthermore, the application of 130% resting brachial systolic blood pressure creates a similar occlusive stimulus as 100% LOP. Conclusions: Methods using 100 mm Hg and the resting brachial systolic blood pressure could represent the safest application prescriptions as they resulted in applied pressures between 60% and 80% LOP. One hundred thirty percent of the resting brachial systolic blood pressure could be used to indirectly estimate 100% LOP at cuff widths between 9 and 13 cm. Finally, methodologies that use standard values of 200 and, 300 mm Hg far exceed LOP and may carry additional risk during BFR exercise.
Absorption and scattering of a high dimensional non-commutative black hole
Authors: Wan Mao-Yuan , Wu Chen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this work, we investigate the scattering of massless plane scalar waves by the high dimensional non-commutative Schwarzschild–Tangherlini black hole. We use the partial wave approach to determine the scattering and absorption cross sections in the incident wavelength range. Our numerical results demonstrate that the bigger the non-commutative parameter, the smaller the maximum value of the related partial absorption cross section, however the tendency is slightly. We also discovered that when the non-commutative parameter is weak, the absorption cross section of the high dimensional black hole oscillates in the low frequency zone. The total absorption cross section oscillates around the geometrical optical limit in the high frequency range, and the scattering characteristics of black holes with various parameters are visibly different. The influence on the differential scattering cross section is particularly pronounced at large angles.
Single Cone Obturation versus Cold Lateral Compaction Techniques with Bioceramic and Resin Sealers: Quality of Obturation and Push-Out Bond Strength
Authors: Nouroloyouni Ahmad , Samadi Vahid , Salem Milani Amin , Noorolouny Sara , Valizadeh-Haghi Haleh 
Published: January 2023

Objectives. This study compared the obturation quality and push-out bond strength of single cone obturation (SCO) and cold lateral compaction (CLC) with AH-Plus and Sure Seal Root (SSR). Materials and Methods. This in vitro experimental study was conducted on 88 single-rootedsingle-canal teeth with straight roots that were randomly divided into four groups (n = 22). All teeth were decoronated and underwent cleaning and shaping. Obturation was performed with AH-Plus and SCO technique in group 1 (SAH), AH-Plus and CLC technique in group 2 (LAH), SSR and SCO technique in group 3 (SS), and SSR and CLC technique in group 4 (LS). The roots were then sectioned into 3-mm thick slices and underwent digital photography at x25 magnification to assess the quality of obturation in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds by Image J software. The PBS was measured by a universal testing machine. The mode of failure was also determined under a stereomicroscope. Results. The PBS was significantly higher in the LSS group than LAH and SAH groups, and also in the SSS group than the SAH group in all sections. The PBS in the LSS group was significantly higher than SSS in the coronal and middle thirds. Voids were significantly lower in LAH than in the SAH group in all sections. In LSS, voids in the coronal third were significantly lower than in LAH. In the middle third, voids in SSS were significantly lower than in SAH. The groups had no significant difference in the mode of failure (

P

> 0.05). The mean percentage of gutta-percha in the use of AH-Plus sealer was significantly higher than SSR (

P

< 0.05). The mean percentage of gutta-percha in the coronal third was lower than that in the middle and apical thirds (

P

< 0.05). Conclusion. SSR showed higher PBS and less voids than AH-Plus. High PBS of the CLC/SSR group showed that CLC should still be preferred to SCO, and in the case of using SCO, SSR should be preferred to AH-Plus.
Targeting Microglial Metabolic Rewiring Synergizes with Immune-Checkpoint Blockade Therapy for Glioblastoma
Authors: Ye Zengpanpan , Ai Xiaolin , Yang Kailin , Yang Zhengnan , Fei Fan , Liao Xiaoling , Qiu Zhixin , Gimple Ryan C. , Yuan Huairui , Huang Hao , Gong Yanqiu , Xiao Chaoxin , Yue Jing , Huang Liang , Saulnier Olivier , Wang Wei , Zhang Peidong , Dai Lunzhi , Wang Xin , Wang Xiuxing , Ahn Young Ha , You Chao , Xu Jianguo , Wan Xiaoxiao , Taylor Michael D. , Zhao Linjie , Rich Jeremy N. , Zhou Shengtao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) constitutes the most lethal primary brain tumor for which immunotherapy has provided limited benefit. The unique brain immune landscape is reflected in a complex tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in GBM. Here, single-cell sequencing of the GBM TIME revealed that microglia were under severe oxidative stress, which induced nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2 (NR4A2)–dependent transcriptional activity in microglia. Heterozygous Nr4a2 (Nr4a2+/−) or CX3CR1+ myeloid cell–specific Nr4a2 (Nr4a2fl/flCx3cr1Cre) genetic targeting reshaped microglia plasticity in vivo by reducing alternatively activated microglia and enhancing antigen presentation capacity for CD8+ T cells in GBM. In microglia, NR4A2 activated squalene monooxygenase (SQLE) to dysregulate cholesterol homeostasis. Pharmacologic NR4A2 inhibition attenuated the protumorigenic TIME, and targeting the NR4A2 or SQLE enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of immune-checkpoint blockade in vivo. Collectively, oxidative stress promotes tumor growth through NR4A2–SQLE activity in microglia, informing novel immune therapy paradigms in brain cancer.Significance:Metabolic reprogramming of microglia in GBM informs synergistic vulnerabilities for immune-checkpoint blockade therapy in this immunologically cold brain tumor.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 799
Analysis and description S-box generation for the AES algorithm-a new 3D hyperchaotic system
Authors: Zghair Hayder Kadhim , Manaa Mehdi Ebady , A. AL-Murieb Safa Saad , Abd Al-Razaq Fryal Jassim 
Published: January 2023

In this paper, a description, and analysis of a novel 3-D dimension hyperchaotic system is implemented. The proposed system oscillation is two-order autonomous and consisted of a nine-term and symmetric oscillation w.r.t x-axis. It is proved analysis by Kaplan-York dimension, waveform analysis, phase portrait, and Lyapunov exponent. This work-study stability and equilibrium point and Routh stability criteria produced that the new system has one unstable point from the type saddle-focus point. One of the characteristics of the proposed system is hyperchaotic since this system has two Lyapunov large than zero. This system is applied to generate a chaotic (S-box) based in advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm for text encryption and gives a high level of security. In addition to the description, and analysis S-box. Therefore. the proposed algorithm is satisfied the high randomness of entropy value and passes the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) parameters and another test. Mathematica and MATLAB programs simulated some results.
Quantities or Qualities? A Forgotten Debate about Sounds between Ptolemy and Porphyry
Authors: Milesi Matteo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In his Commentary on Ptolemy’s Harmonics, Porphyry debunks Ptolemy’s quantitative theory of pitches by demonstrating that pitches are qualitative attributes of sound. I argue that Porphyry’s main concern is to save the phenomenological dimension of sound while preserving the possibility of a quantitative analysis of music. I show how he draws on the Aristotelian tradition to develop a theory of pitches as emergent properties that covary with some underlying quantitative features without being reducible to them. Porphyry offers an original and compelling solution to the classic problem of how to provide a quantitative analysis of a qualitative phenomenon.
The Impious and Their Impiety in Wisdom of Solomon
Authors: McCashen Grayden 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Scholars often suggest that Wisdom of Solomon contains disparate approaches to impiety in chs. 1–9 and chs. 10–19. The earlier chapters approach impiety and impious individuals from an ethical perspective, but the latter chapters approach impiety with an ethnocentric and/or nationalistic perspective. In chs. 10–19, Wisdom presents righteousness as characteristic of the Jewish people and impiety as characteristic of Gentiles. This article argues that Wisdom’s approach to impiety is more consistent and coherent than this narrative implies. A philosophically informed moral psychology of the impious is discernable in chapters 1–2 and in two distinct images of the Impious from chs. 10–19. In each case, impiety is rooted in the misorientation of the soul, which results in errant reasoning (sometimes influenced by passions), and finally bodily impiety. This article further suggests these philosophically informed images of the impious can be understood as functioning as part of a two-ways ethical protreptic.
Revealing the Innovations in Late Medieval Roof Structures of Finland
Authors: Savolainen Panu , Seppänen Liisa , Laine Laura , Huttunen Marko , Aakala Tuomas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In Scandinavia and Finland, nearly all constructions, including monumental and sacral architecture, used only timber until the 11th century. In Finland, timber remained the dominant construction material until the 19th century. Due to many fires, wars, and other catastrophic events, the number of still-standing wooden buildings and constructions erected before industrialization is very limited. Medieval wooden buildings can only be found in archaeological excavations, and the last remaining medieval load-bearing wooden structures are preserved in the medieval stone churches. While medieval roof constructions have been widely researched elsewhere in Europe, a comprehensive understanding of medieval roof constructions in Finland is largely lacking. This article presents an ongoing study of roof structures in Finnish medieval stone churches, focusing on two churches, Pernaja and Hammarland, which provide evidence of the transition from tie beam roof trusses to roof trusses without a tie beam. We examine the typology of the trusses, and present new results based on a comparison of the churches and dendrochronological analyses. Finally, we discuss possible explanations for the structural innovations and the emergence of the roof truss without a tie beam in a wider cultural context.
Is Continued Perioperative Antithrombotic Therapy Safe When Performing Open Tracheostomy?
Authors: Kennedy Maeve M. , Abdel-Aty Yassmeen , Butterfield Richard , Zhang Nan , Lott David G. 
Published: January 2023

Objectives: To date, there are no specific guidelines on antithrombotic therapy (ATT) management, which includes both anticoagulation and antiplatelet medications, for open tracheostomy. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the use of perioperative antithrombotic medication during open tracheostomy influences the incidence of perioperative or postoperative complications. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of all patients who underwent open tracheostomies at a tertiary care medical center from January 2015 to December 2019. Charts were reviewed for demographics, comorbidities, indication for tracheostomy, ATT use, operative details, and complications. Results: A total of 217 tracheostomies were evaluated for this study, of which 148 (68.2%) were not on ATT and 69 (31.8%) were on ATT during surgery. No significant difference was observed based on ATT status in perioperative bleeding ( P = .983), postoperative bleeding ( P = .24), or median days to decannulation ( P = .5986). ATT patients were 2.67 times more likely to experience 30-day mortality than those non-ATT patients ( P = .035). There was only one death due to hemorrhage in the ATT group. This was unrelated to the tracheostomy. This compares to 2 hemorrhage-related deaths in those not on ATT. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in perioperative or postoperative bleeding based on ATT use. Patients on ATT were significantly more likely to experience 30-day mortality, however only one death was due to hemorrhage in the ATT group and was unrelated to tracheostomy. Therefore, continued perioperative ATT use appears to be safe when performing open tracheostomy. Level of Evidence: 4
Reduced attentional lapses in male rats following a combination treatment of low-dose D-serine and atomoxetine
Authors: Redding Zach V , Sabol Karen E 
Published: January 2023

Background: Goal-directed attention involves the selective processing of behaviorally relevant sensory information. This selective processing is thought to be supported by glutamatergic and noradrenergic systems. Pharmacotherapies that simultaneously target these systems could therefore be effective treatments for impaired attention. Aims: We first tested an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor co-agonist (D-serine) for effects on attention (processing speed and attentional lapses). NMDA receptor activation is thought to support noradrenergic effects on sensory processing; therefore, we tested a combination treatment comprising D-serine and a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (atomoxetine). Methods: D-serine was first tested in rats performing a two-choice visuospatial discrimination task. Combination treatments comprising relatively low doses of D-serine and atomoxetine were then tested in a separate group. Results: In experiment 1, D-serine reduced the skew of initiation time (IT) distributions (IT devmode) at the highest dose tested (300 mg/kg). In experiment 2, low-dose D-serine (125 mg/kg) had no effect, while low-dose atomoxetine (0.3 mg/kg) reduced IT devmode and slowed movement speed. Importantly, the combination of these relatively low doses of D-serine and atomoxetine reduced IT devmode more than either drug alone without further slowing movement speed. Conclusions: IT devmode is thought to reflect attentional lapses; therefore, D-serine’s effects on IT devmode suggest that NMDA receptors are involved in the preparatory deployment of attention. Greater effects following a combination of D-serine and atomoxetine suggest that preparatory attention can be facilitated by targeting glutamatergic and noradrenergic systems simultaneously. These results could inform the development of improved treatments for individuals with ADHD who experience abnormally high attentional lapses.