bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the mystery of Riehl's melanosis: An update from pathogenesis, diagnosis to treatment
Authors: Ding Yuecen , Xu Zhongyi , Xiang Leihong Flora , Zhang Chengfeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRiehl's melanosis is a hyperpigmentation disorder that has a significant psychological and social impact on individuals. In the past 10 years, new categories have been developed, raising questions about how to classify Riehl's melanosis. The mechanism of this disease remains unclear, although the type IV hypersensitivity response caused by allergic sensitization, as well as genetic, ultraviolet radiation, and autoimmune factors, is to blame. Clinical manifestation, dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy, patch/photopatch testing, histopathology, and a novel multimodality skin imaging system have been used for the diagnosis. A variety of therapies including topical skin‐lightening agents, oral tranexamic acid, glycyrrhizin compound, chemical peels, and lasers and light therapies (intense pulsed light, 1064‐nm Q‐Switched Nd: YAG laser, 755‐nm PicoWay laser, nonablative 1927‐nm fractional thulium fiber laser, new pulsed‐type microneedling radiofrequency), with improved effectiveness. The latest findings on possible biomarkers and their relationship to other autoimmune diseases were also summarized.
Casein as protein and hydrolysate: Biostimulant or nitrogen source for Nicotiana tabacum plants grown in vitro?
Authors: Bělonožníková Kateřina , Černý Martin , Hýsková Veronika , Synková Helena , Valcke Roland , Hodek Ondřej , Křížek Tomáš , Kavan Daniel , Vaňková Radomíra , Dobrev Petre , Haisel Daniel , Ryšlavá Helena 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn contrast to inorganic nitrogen (N) assimilation, the role of organic N forms, such as proteins and peptides, as sources of N and their impact on plant metabolism remains unclear. Simultaneously, organic biostimulants are used as priming agents to improve plant defense response. Here, we analysed the metabolic response of tobacco plants grown in vitro with casein hydrolysate or protein. As the sole source of N, casein hydrolysate enabled tobacco growth, while protein casein was used only to a limited extent. Free amino acids were detected in the roots of tobacco plants grown with protein casein but not in the plants grown with no source of N. Combining hydrolysate with inorganic N had beneficial effects on growth, root N uptake and protein content. The metabolism of casein‐supplemented plants shifted to aromatic (Trp), branched‐chain (Ile, Leu, Val) and basic (Arg, His, Lys) amino acids, suggesting their preferential uptake and/or alterations in their metabolic pathways. Complementarily, proteomic analysis of tobacco roots identified peptidase C1A and peptidase S10 families as potential key players in casein degradation and response to N starvation. Moreover, amidases were significantly upregulated, most likely for their role in ammonia release and impact on auxin synthesis. In phytohormonal analysis, both forms of casein influenced phenylacetic acid and cytokinin contents, suggesting a root system response to scarce N availability. In turn, metabolomics highlighted the stimulation of some plant defense mechanisms under such growth conditions, that is, the high concentrations of secondary metabolites (e.g., ferulic acid) and heat shock proteins.
From model minority to yellow peril: How threat perceptions and disgust predict anti‐Asian prejudice during COVID‐19
Authors: Wu Deborah J. , Syropoulos Stylianos , Rivera‐Rodriguez Adrian , Dasgupta Nilanjana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, hate crimes against Asians sharply increased in the United States. We investigated whether the threat of contracting COVID‐19 and specific negative emotions (disgust, anxiety, fear, and anger) regarding COVID‐19 predicted anti‐Asian prejudice in a 3‐wave longitudinal study of non‐Asian American adults (N = 486) in the early days of the pandemic in 2020. In all 3 timepoints, participants who believed that they may have already contracted COVID and those who expressed greater disgust reported more anti‐Asian attitudes, evaluated Asians as less than human, tolerated anti‐Asian prejudice, and blamed Asians for spreading COVID‐19. In a well‐fitting longitudinal path model, we found longitudinal evidence for these associations, such that the belief that one had already contracted COVID‐19 in March 2020 predicted greater disgust one month later, in April 2020, which in turn predicted greater anti‐Asian prejudice in May 2020.
Extracorporeal photopheresis and the cellular mechanisms: Effects of 8‐methoxypsoralen and UVA treatment on red blood cells, platelets and reactive oxygen species
Authors: Budde Holger , Mohr Lea , Bogeski Ivan , Riggert Joachim , Legler Tobias J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesExtracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is a widespread cellular therapy for graft‐versus‐host disease, autoimmune diseases and Sézary disease. One of the main effects of ECP is the apoptosis of leukocytes, but the therapeutic mechanisms are not completely known. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on red blood cells, platelets and the induction of reactive oxygen species.Materials and MethodsWe used human cells from healthy blood donors to simulate in vitro the composition in an apheresis bag. Cells were treated with 8‐methoxypsoralen (8‐MOP) and UVA. Red blood cell stability, platelet activity and induction of reactive oxygen species were analysed.ResultsAfter 8‐MOP and UVA treatment, the red blood cells showed high cell integrity with low levels of eryptosis and no increase of free haemoglobin or red blood cell distribution width (RDW). Red blood cell immune‐associated antigens CD59 and CD147 were hardly affected by the treatment. Platelet glycoproteins CD41, CD62P and CD63 indicated strong platelet activation after 8‐MOP and UVA treatment. Reactive oxygen species were slightly but not significantly induced by the treatment.ConclusionThe effect of the ECP therapy is probably not exclusively mediated by leukocytes. Platelet activation is another striking effect caused by the treatment of the apheresis product with 8‐MOP/UVA. However, since we could hardly identify any evidence for eryptosis or haemolysis, it is unlikely that red blood cell eryptosis is part of the therapeutic mechanism. Further research on this topic seems to be promising.
Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the South Asian freshwater‐fish genus Puntius (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
Authors: Sudasinghe Hiranya , Rüber Lukas , Meegaskumbura Madhava 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDuring the past decade, the ca 120 species of small, colourful tropical Asian freshwater fishes previously referred to the cyprinid genus Puntius have been shown to consist of multiple morphologically distinct evolutionary lineages that resolve as monophyletic groups in molecular studies. Many of these clades have been allocated to new genera such as Dawkinsia, Desmopuntius, Haludaria, Oliotius, Pethia, Puntigrus, Sahyadria, Striuntius and Waikhomia. Others have been assigned to existing but previously poorly delineated genera such as Barbodes and Systomus, while some 40 species remain in Puntius. The divergent morphology of several species retained in Puntius suggests, however, that the systematics of this group requires further attention. Here, based on a phylogeny incorporating newly generated data from the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb), mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), nuclear recombination activating protein 1 (rag1), and interphotoreceptor retinoid‐binding protein (irbp) gene markers, we investigate the interrelationships of the species of Puntius in Sri Lanka in the wider context of their Indian and Southeast Asian congeners. We identify three well‐supported monophyletic groups that warrant recognition as new genera: Rohanella (type species Puntius titteya), Plesiopuntius (type species Gnathopogon bimaculatus) and Bhava (type species Puntius vittatus). The first of these is endemic to rainforest streams in Sri Lanka's perhumid southwestern wet zone, whereas the latter two are widely distributed in both Sri Lanka and southern India, including the Western Ghats. Our study highlights the presence of distinct evolutionary lineages among several widespread species.
Motion Simulation Analysis and Experimental Verification of Drill String Rotation Controller
Authors: Tian Jialin , Song Haolin , Yang Yinglin , Mao Lanhui 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Conventional directional drilling mainly relies on the sliding of screw motor and drill string to realize the change of wellbore trajectory, so the friction force is large. The use of friction reduction tools that generate axial force to change the friction state can only achieve partial friction reduction, and drill string is still in a sliding state during directional drilling. These problems are solved by using rotary steerable drilling system, which can achieve directional drilling when drill string rotates. But its use cost is high. Considering the principle of high efficiency and economy, a new friction reduction tool called drill string rotation controller is proposed, which is also used to reduce friction during directional drilling through drill string rotation. By adjusting the pump pressure, the meshing state of spline module of drill string rotation controller is changed to realize the conversion of drilling mode. In rotary drilling mode, upper drill string, drill string rotation controller, and bottom hole assembly rotate together. In directional drilling mode, upper drill string rotates and drill string rotation controller slides with bottom hole assembly. The function of the tool is verified by field experiment, and motion simulation of the tool is carried out. The results show that when the driving torque is set to 25,000 N · m, more reverse torque can be overcome in the directional drilling mode, and the drilling fluid pressure is set to 25 MPa, which can be converted to the rotary drilling mode faster.
Simulation of Air Ingestion in a Mechanical Seal With Inward Pumping Spiral Grooves
Authors: Medjahed Abdel-Salem , Blouin Antoinette , Pap Balint , Brunetière Noël 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Inward pumping spiral groove seals are used in many applications, such as transmission gearboxes or electric vehicles, as they can provide zero leakage and very low operating friction. The spiral grooves are connected to the low pressure side (typically atmosphere) and pump the fluid inward that is to say toward the high pressure side (inlet). If the rotational speed is high enough, the low pressure fluid (air) completely occupies the sealing area and is used as a low friction lubricant. However, for lower operating speeds or higher fluid pressures, the seal can be lubricated by both fluids simultaneously. This occurs particularly during start-up and shutdown. In this work, a numerical simulation of the two phases in the sealing gap of an upstream pumping spiral groove seal during start-up is performed. The establishment of the film is analyzed and the effect of the rotational speed and operating pressure on the fluid composition (air and liquid) in the sealing interface is studied. For the analyzed seal, it is shown that the amount of air pumped in the sealing area is controlled by the duty parameter.
Data-Driven Model of the Distribution Lubrication on Water-Lubricated Bearing Under Severe Operating Conditions
Authors: Ouyang Wu , Liu Qilin , Liang Xingxin , Zhang Xueqin , Wang Wenjing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
To resolve the contradiction between the method used to design bearings based on traditional lubrication theory and the actual state of service of water-lubricated bearings (WLBs), this paper proposes a data-driven method for the model of the distribution of lubrication on WLBs. A full-sized WLB test bench featuring multi-sectional pressure due to the film of water and a system to measure the axis of the orbit was built to perform tests under severe operating conditions (75 kN, 25–220 rpm). A dataset of the operating parameters of the bearings was obtained based on the results of tests under varying operating conditions. An artificial neural network algorithm was applied to train the proposed model, and its capabilities of prediction and extrapolation were systematically analyzed by using samples with different ranges of values. The proposed model was then used to examine the distributed characteristics of lubrication of the WLB to investigate the effects of variations in speed and elevation on bearing performance. The results showed that it has satisfactory capabilities of prediction and extrapolation under the same elevation and variation in speed. Under severe operating conditions, two significant peaks of pressure of the film of water appeared at both ends of the WLB, and variations in the speed of the shaft and the elevation of the bearings had prominent effects on the state of distributed lubrication of the bearings. The results reported here provide a new approach to designing and optimizing the structure of WLB.
Design of a Nonlinear Model of a Pseudomorphic 0.15 μm рHEMT AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs Transistor
Authors: Tsunvaza D. , Ryzhuk R. V. , Vasil’evskii I. S. , Kargin N. I. , Klokov V. A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper studies the design of a nonlinear model of AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs рHEMT microwave-frequency range transistors with a gate length of 0.15 µm using parametric analysis methods. In the calculations, not only nonlinear current sources but also the dependences of the nonlinear gate-source and gate-drain capacitances on voltages are studied. It is shown that the proposed model makes it possible to describe the IV characteristics of the studied device adequately in the range of drain currents from 0 to 100 mA and the frequency range from 5 to 45 GHz. The error of the model does not exceed 3%.
Methodology of Airborne Gravimetry Surveying and Strapdown Gravimeter Data Processing
Authors: Golovan A. A. , Vyazmin V. S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe paper presents a methodology of preparing and conducting airborne gravimetry survey using an inertial measuring unit (IMU) or strapdown inertial navigation system as airborne gravimeter. We also discuss the key aspects of developing appropriate postprocessing algorithms and software and their application to gravimeter raw data processing. Solving the strapdown inertial airborne gravimetry problem, we use readings of the IMU sensors (accelerometers and gyroscopes) as primary information. The second equally important source of information is raw (pseudorange, Doppler pseudorange rate, and carrier phase) measurements from the GNSS receivers on board the aircraft and on the ground. The developed methodology, algorithms, and practical recommendations presented in the paper are based on the authors’ long-term experience in airborne gravimetry.
Diabetes detection in women with gestational diabetes and polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Hanna Fahmy , Wu Pensee , Heald Adrian , Fryer Anthony 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) represent two of the highest risk factors for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in young women. As these increasingly common conditions generally affect younger women, early detection of dysglycemia is key if preventative measures are to be effective. While international guidance recommends screening for type 2 diabetes, current screening strategies suffer from significant challenges.
First, guidance lacks consensus in defining which tests to use and frequency of monitoring, thereby sending mixed messages to healthcare professionals.
Second, conformity to guidance is poor, with only a minority of women having tests at the recommended frequency (where specified). Approaches to improve conformity have focused on healthcare related factors (largely technology driven reminder systems), but patient factors such as convenience and clear messaging around risk have been neglected.
Third, and most critically, current screening strategies are too generic and rely on tests that become abnormal far too late in the trajectory towards dysglycemia to offer opportunities for effective preventative measures. Risk factors show wide interindividual variation, and insulin sensitivity and β cell function are often abnormal during pre-diabetes stage, well before frank diabetes.
New, consistent, targeted screening strategies are required that incorporate early, prevention focused testing and personalised risk stratification.
Multivalent tyrosine kinase inhibition promotes T cell recruitment to immune-desert gastric cancers by restricting epithelial-mesenchymal transition via tumour-intrinsic IFN-γ signalling
Authors: Cao Long Long , Lu Heng , Soutto Mohammed , Bhat Nadeem , Chen Zheng , Peng Dunfa , Gomaa Ahmed , Wang Jia Bin , Xie Jian Wei , Li Ping , Zheng Chao Hui , Nomura Sachiyo , Datta Jashodeep , Merchant Nipun , Chen Zhi Bin , Villarino Alejandro , Zaika Alexander , Huang Chang Ming , El-Rifai Wael 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveGastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth in incidence and fourth for mortality worldwide. The response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy in GC is heterogeneous due to tumour-intrinsic and acquired immunotherapy resistance. We developed an immunophenotype-based subtyping of human GC based on immune cells infiltration to develop a novel treatment option.DesignA algorithm was developed to reclassify GC into immune inflamed, excluded and desert subtypes. Bioinformatics, human and mouse GC cell lines, syngeneic murine gastric tumour model, and CTLA4 blockade were used to investigate the immunotherapeutic effects by restricting receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signalling in immune desert (ICB-resistant) type GC.ResultsOur algorithm restratified subtypes of human GC in public databases and showed that immune desert-type and excluded-type tumours are ICB-resistant compared with immune-inflamed GC. Moreover, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signalling was highly enriched in immune desert-type GC, and syngeneic murine tumours exhibiting mesenchymal-like, compared with epithelial-like, properties are T cell-excluded and resistant to CTLA4 blockade. Our analysis further identified a panel of RTKs as potential druggable targets in the immune desert-type GC. Dovitinib, an inhibitor of multiple RTKs, strikingly repressed EMT programming in mesenchymal-like immune desert syngeneic GC models. Dovitinib activated the tumour-intrinsic SNAI1/2-IFN-γ signalling axis and impeded the EMT programme, converting immune desert-type tumours to immune inflamed-type tumours, sensitising these mesenchymal-like ‘cold’ tumours to CTLA4 blockade.ConclusionOur findings identified potential druggable targets relevant to patient groups, especially for refractory immune desert-type/ ‘cold’ GC. Dovitinib, an RTK inhibitor, sensitised desert-type immune-cold GC to CTLA4 blockade by restricting EMT and recruiting T cells.
Nivolumab and ipilimumab with concurrent stereotactic radiosurgery for intracranial metastases from non-small cell lung cancer: analysis of the safety cohort for non-randomized, open-label, phase I/II trial
Authors: Altan Mehmet , Wang Yan , Song Juhee , Welsh James , Tang Chad , Guha-Thakurta Nandita , Blumenschein George R , Carter Brett W , Wefel Jeffrey S , Ghia Amol J , Yeboa Debra N , McAleer Mary Frances , Chung Caroline , Woodhouse Kristina D , McGovern Susan L , Wang Chenyang , Kim Betty Y S , Weinberg Jeffrey S , Briere Tina M , Elamin Yasir Y , Le Xiuning , Cascone Tina , Negrao Marcelo V , Skoulidis Ferdinandos , Ferrarotto Renata , Heymach John V , Li Jing 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundUp to 20% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) develop brain metastasis (BM), for which the current standard of care is radiation therapy with or without surgery. There are no prospective data on the safety of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) concurrent with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for BM. This is the safety cohort of the phase I/II investigator-initiated trial of SRS with nivolumab and ipilimumab for patients with BM from NSCLC.Patients and methodsThis single-institution study included patients with NSCLC with active BM amenable to SRS. Brain SRS and systemic therapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab were delivered concurrently (within 7 days). The endpoints were safety and 4-month intracranial progression-free survival (PFS).ResultsThirteen patients were enrolled in the safety cohort, 10 of whom were evaluable for dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). Median follow-up was 23 months (range 9.7–24.3 months). The median interval between systemic therapy and radiation therapy was 3 days. Only one patient had a DLT; hence, predefined stopping criteria were not met. In addition to the patient with DLT, three patients had treatment-related grade ≥3 adverse events, including elevated liver function tests, fatigue, nausea, adrenal insufficiency, and myocarditis. One patient had a confirmed influenza infection 7 months after initiation of protocol treatment (outside the DLT assessment window), leading to pneumonia and subsequent death from hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. The estimated 4-month intracranial PFS rate was 70.7%.ConclusionConcurrent brain SRS with nivolumab/ipilimumab was safe for patients with active NSCLC BM. Preliminary analyses of treatment efficacy were encouraging for intracranial treatment response.
Longitudinal healing flow diverting stents with phosphorylcholine surface modification
Authors: Zoppo Christopher T , Epshtein Mark , Gounis Matthew J , Anagnostakou Vania , King Robert M 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundFlow diversion has become a standard treatment for cerebral aneurysms. However, major drawbacks include the need for dual antiplatelet therapy after implant and delayed complete occlusion of the aneurysm, which occurs when new tissue growth excludes the aneurysm from the parent artery. Biomimetic surface modifications such as the phosphorylcholine polymer (Shield surface modification) represent major advances in reducing thrombogenicity of these devices. However, in vitro studies have raised concerns that this modification may also delay endothelialization of flow diverters.MethodsBare metal Pipeline, Pipeline Shield, and Vantage with Shield devices were implanted in the common carotid arteries (CCAs) of 10 rabbits (two in the left CCA, one in the right CCA). Following implant and at 5, 10, 15, and 30 days, the devices were imaged with high-frequency optical coherence tomography and conventional angiography to evaluate tissue growth. At 30 days the devices were explanted and their endothelial growth was assessed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at five locations along their length using a semi-quantitative score.ResultsThe average tissue growth thickness (ATGT) was not different between the three devices. Neointima was apparent at 5 days and all devices demonstrated similar ATGT at each time point. On SEM, no difference was found in the endothelium scores between the device types.ConclusionIn vivo, neither the Shield surface modification nor the device design (Vantage) altered the longitudinal healing of the flow diverter.