bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influenza-associated hospitalisation and mortality rates among global Indigenous populations; a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Betts Juliana M. , Weinman Aaron L. , Oliver Jane , Braddick Maxwell , Huang Siyu , Nguyen Matthew , Miller Adrian , Tong Steven Y. C. , Gibney Katherine B. 
Published: April 2023

Background
More than 50 million influenza infections and over 100,000 deaths from influenza occur annually. While Indigenous populations experience an inequitable influenza burden, the magnitude of this inequity has not previously been estimated on a global scale. This study compared rates of influenza-associated hospitalisation and mortality between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations globally.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted including literature published prior to 13 July 2021. Eligible articles either reported a rate ratio (RR) comparing laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalisation and/or mortality between an Indigenous population and a corresponding benchmark population, or reported sufficient information for this to be calculated using publicly available data. Findings were reported by country/region and pooled by country and period (pandemic/seasonal) when multiple studies were available using a random-effects model. The I2 statistic assessed variability between studies.

Results
Thirty-six studies (moderate/high quality) were included; all from high or high-middle income countries. The pooled influenza-associated hospitalisation RR (HRR) for indigenous compared to benchmark populations was 5·7 (95% CI: 2·7–12·0) for Canada, 5·2 (2.9–9.3) for New Zealand, and 5.2 (4.2–6.4) for Australia. Of the Australian studies, the pooled HRR for seasonal influenza was 3.1 (2·7–3·5) and for pandemic influenza was 6·2 (5·1–7·5). Heterogeneity was slightly higher among studies of pandemic influenza than seasonal influenza. The pooled mortality RR was 4.1 (3·0–5.7) in Australia and 3·3 (2.7–4.1) in the United States.

Conclusions
Ethnic inequities in severe influenza persist and must be addressed by reducing disparities in the underlying determinants of health. Influenza surveillance systems worldwide should include Indigenous status to determine the extent of the disease burden among Indigenous populations. Ethnic inequities in pandemic influenza illustrate the need to prioritise Indigenous populations in pandemic response plans.
Transplacental transfer of Lassa IgG antibodies in pregnant women in Southern Nigeria: A prospective hospital-based cohort study
Authors: Kayem Nzelle Delphine , Okogbenin Sylvanus , Okoeguale Joseph , Eigbefoh Joseph , Ikheloa Joseph , Eifediyi Reuben , Enodiana Xavier , Olorogbogo Olugbenga Emmanuel , Aikpokpo Isoken , Ighodalo Yemisi , Olokor Thomas , Odigie George , Castle Lyndsey , Duraffour Sophie , Oestereich Lisa , Dahal Prabin , Ariana Proochista , Gunther Stephan , Horby Peter 
Published: April 2023

Background
Evidence from previous studies suggest that Lassa fever, a viral haemorrhagic fever endemic to West Africa has high case fatalities, particularly in pregnancy. While there have been remarkable innovations in vaccine development, with some Lassa vaccines undergoing early clinical trials. An understanding of Lassa antibody kinetics and immune responses will support vaccine design and development. However, there is currently no evidence on the antibody kinetics of Lassa (LASV) in pregnancy. Our study sought to estimate the efficiency of transplacental transfer of LASV IgG antibodies from the mother to the child.

Methodology/Principal findings
The study made use of data from a prospective hospital-based cohort of pregnant women enrolled at the antenatal clinic and followed up at delivery between February and December 2019. Blood samples from mother-child pairs were evaluated for antibodies against Lassa virus. The study demonstrates a transplacental transfer of LASV IgG of 75.3% [60.0–94.0%], with a significant positive correlation between maternal and cord concentrations and a good level of agreement. The study also suggests that transfer may be more variable in women with ‘de novo’ antibodies compared to those with pre-existing antibodies.

Conclusions/Significance
The study shows that maternal antibody levels play an important role in determining transfer efficiency of Lassa antibodies to the new-born; and while the evidence is preliminary, the study also suggests that transfer efficiency may be less stable in acute or recent infection, as such timing of vaccination before pregnancy, that is in women of childbearing age may be more appropriate for protection of both pregnant women and their neonates.
Does advanced maternal age explain the longer hospitalisation of mothers after childbirth?
Authors: Šťastná Anna , Šídlo Luděk , Kocourková Jiřina , Fait Tomáš 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundFertility postponement, which has comprised the most significant reproductive trend in developed countries over the last few decades, involves a number of social, personal and health consequences. The length of stay (LOS) in hospital following childbirth varies considerably between countries. Czechia, where the fertility postponement process has been particularly dynamic, has one of the longest mean LOS of the OECD member countries.ObjectiveWe analyse the influence of the age of mothers on the LOS in hospital associated with childbirth.Data and methodsWe employed anonymised individual data provided by the General Health Insurance Company of the Czech Republic on women who gave birth in 2014. Kaplan-Meier survival plots and binary logistic regression were employed to identify factors associated with long stays (> = 7 days for vaginal births, > = 9 days for CS births).ResultsThe impact of the maternal age on the LOS is U-shaped. A higher risk of a longer hospitalisation period for young mothers was identified for both types of birth (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.33–1.87, p˂0.001 for age less than 20, OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.20–1.44, p˂0.001 for age 20–24 compared to 30–34). The risk of a longer stay in hospital increases with the increasing age of the mother (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.13–1.35, p˂0.001 for age 35–39, OR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.73–2.44, p˂0.001 for age 40+ compared to 30–34), especially with concern to vaginal births.ConclusionThe probability of a long LOS increases significantly after the age of 35, especially in the case of vaginal births. Thus, the fertility postponement process with the significant change in the age structure of mothers contributes to the increase in health care costs associated with post-birth hospitalisation.
SIR-SI model with a Gaussian transmission rate: Understanding the dynamics of dengue outbreaks in Lima, Peru
Authors: Ramírez-Soto Max Carlos , Machuca Juan Vicente Bogado , Stalder Diego H. , Champin Denisse , Mártinez-Fernández Maria G. , Schaerer Christian E. 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionDengue is transmitted by theAedes aegyptimosquito as a vector, and a recent outbreak was reported in several districts of Lima, Peru. We conducted a modeling study to explain the transmission dynamics of dengue in three of these districts according to the demographics and climatology.MethodologyWe used the weekly distribution of dengue cases in the Comas, Lurigancho, and Puente Piedra districts, as well as the temperature data to investigate the transmission dynamics. We used maximum likelihood minimization and the human susceptible-infected-recovered and vector susceptible-infected (SIR-SI) model with a Gaussian function for the infectious rate to consider external non-modeled variables.Results/principal findingsWe found that the adjusted SIR-SI model with the Gaussian transmission rate (for modelling the exogenous variables) captured the behavior of the dengue outbreak in the selected districts. The model explained that the transmission behavior had a strong dependence on the weather, cultural, and demographic variables while other variables determined the start of the outbreak.Conclusion/significanceThe experimental results showed good agreement with the data and model results when a Bayesian-Gaussian transmission rate was employed. The effect of weather was also observed, and a strong qualitative relationship was obtained between the transmission rate and computed effective reproduction numberRt.
Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among slaughterhouse workers in Yangon Region, Myanmar: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sint Nay Hein , Htun Ye Minn , Win Tun Tun , Mon Aye Sandar , Lwin Thant Zaw , Maung Lwin Oo , Win Pyae Sone , Naing Kaung Myat , Zaw Thet Paing , Naing Pyae Hpone , Tun Sai Nyan Lin , Kyaw Aung Aye , Wunna Kyaw , Su Khine Khine , Tun Kyaw Myo 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundToxoplasmosis, having the significant consequences affecting mortality and quality of life, is still prevalent in various places throughout the world. The major gap in surveillance forToxoplasma gondiiinfection among high-risk population, slaughterhouse workers, is an obstacle for the effective policies formulation to reduce the burden of toxoplasmosis in Myanmar. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis and associated factors of seropositivity among slaughterhouse workers in Yangon Region, Myanmar.MethodsA cross-sectional study that was conducted from June to November 2020 included 139 slaughterhouse workers involving at five main slaughterhouses under Yangon City Development Committee, Myanmar. The presence of IgG and IgM anti-T.gondiiantibodies in serum was detected using theOnSiteToxo IgG/IgM Combo Rapid Test. A face-to-face interview was also performed using pretested structured questionnaires to obtain the detail histories: sociodemographic characteristics, level of knowledge, occupational factors, and environmental factors related toT.gondiiinfection. Bivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated withT.gondiiinfection.ResultsOf all participants, the overall seroprevalence of anti-T.gondiiwas 43.9% (95% CI: 35.5–52.5%), of whom 98.4% (95% CI: 91.2–100.0%) were reactive only for IgG antibody and 1.6% (95% CI: 0.0–8.8%) were reactive for IgG and IgM antibodies. The significant factors associated with the seropositivity ofT.gondiiantibodies were blood transfusion history (OR: 5.74, 95% CI: 1.17–28.09), low level of knowledge (OR: 2.91, 95% CI: 1.46–5.83), contact with animal organs, muscles or blood (OR: 14.29, 95% CI: 1.83–111.51), and animals most frequently slaughtered (cattle) (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 1.16–8.93).ConclusionsA high seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was detected among slaughterhouse workers in Yangon Region and it raises a significant public health concern. Therefore, providing health education regarding toxoplasmosis, enforcement of personal hygiene practices in workplaces, the establishment of training for occupational hygiene, and commencement of the risk assessment and serological screening for toxoplasmosis are crucial to curtail the prevalence ofT.gondiiinfection among slaughterhouse workers.
What Is Unspecified Functional Bowel Disorder? A Commonly Seen, Rarely Recognized, and Poorly Understood Diagnosis
Authors: Ballou Sarah , Rangan Vikram , Eidelberg Andrew , Proctor Samantha , McHenry Nicole , Nee Judy , Iturrino Johanna , Lembo Anthony , Singh Prashant 
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Unspecified functional bowel disorder (FBD-U) is a Rome IV diagnosis of exclusion and occurs when patients report bowel symptoms but do not meet the criteria for other functional bowel disorders (FBD; irritable bowel syndrome [IBS], functional constipation [FC], functional diarrhea [FDr], or functional bloating). Previous research suggests that FBD-U is as/more common than IBS.

METHODS:
One thousand five hundred one patients at a single-center tertiary care center completed an electronic survey. Study questionnaires included Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaires, anxiety, depression, sleep, health care utilization, and bowel symptom severity measures.

RESULTS:
Eight hundred thirteen patients met Rome IV criteria for a FBD and 194 patients (13.1%) met criteria for FBD-U, representing the second most common FBD after IBS. Severity of abdominal pain, constipation, and diarrhea were lower in FBD-U compared with other FBD, whereas health care utilization was similar among the groups. Scores on measures of anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances were similar in FBD-U compared with FC and FDr but were less severe than IBS. Between 25% and 50% of patients with FBD-U did not meet Rome IV criteria for other FBD due to timing of onset of the target symptom (e.g., constipation for FC, diarrhea for FDr, and abdominal pain for IBS).

DISCUSSION:
FBD-U, by Rome IV criteria, is highly prevalent in clinical settings. These patients are not represented in mechanistic studies or clinical trials for not having met Rome IV criteria for other FBD. Making future Rome criteria less stringent would minimize the number fulfilling criteria for FBD-U and maximize the true representation of FBD in clinical trials.
The behavior of hidden bifurcation in 2D scroll via saturated function series controlled by a coefficient harmonic linearization method
Authors: Faiza Zaamoune , Tidjani Menacer 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this article, the behavior of hidden bifurcation in a two-dimensional (2D) scroll via saturated function series controlled by the coefficient harmonic linearization method is presented. A saturated function series approach for chaos generation. The systematic saturated function series methodicalness improved here can make multi-scroll and grid scroll chaotic attractors from a 3D linear autonomous system with a plain saturated function series supervisor. We have used a hidden bifurcation method in grid scroll., where the method of hidden bifurcation presented by Menacer, et al. in (2016) for Chua multi-scroll attractors. This additional parameter, which is absent from the initial problem, is perfectly adapted to unfold the structure of the multispiral chaotic attractor. The novelty of this article is twofold: first, the saturated function series model for hidden bifurcation in a 2 – D scroll; and second, the control of hidden bifurcation behavior by the value of the harmonic coefficient

k

3

{k}_{3}

.
Periodic tense markers in the world’s languages and their sources
Authors: Jacques Guillaume 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper is the first survey of verbal affixes encoding the day period (‘at night’,‘in the morning’ etc.) or the yearly seasons (‘in winter’ etc.) when the action takes place. It introduces the term ‘periodic tense’ to refer to this comparative concept, explores the attested paradigms, their interactions with other verbal categories (including the more usual deictic tense), and investigates their diachronic origins. It shows that periodic tense markers are not restricted to incorporated nouns of time period but constitute a highly grammaticalized verbal category in some languages, which can redundantly co-occur with free adverbs or nouns indicating time.
Muḥammad’s Disruptive Measures Against the Meccan Trade: A Historiographical Reassessment
Authors: Roohi Ehsan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Muḥammad’s disruptive measures against the Quraysh’s commerce (exemplified in his looting the Meccan caravans) have commonly been considered to be of great importance in what brought about emerging Islam’s prosperity. Whereas Islamicists have devoted a good deal of research to Muḥammad’s antagonistic actions against the Meccan trade, previous studies can nonetheless be said to have mostly dealt with the traditional biography of Muḥammad with a receptive spirit. However, the sīra upon which we have to rely heavily, if not exclusively, is notorious for its source-critical problems. The extant theories are, hence, in need of reappraisal in the light of a more critical treatment of the sources.
On off keying line coding based optical transmitter for various both optical fiber communication and OWC channels
Authors: Zaki Rashed Ahmed Nabih , Muppala Chiranjeevi , Gopalan Anitha , Devakhi Subha Thankamony , Ahammad Shaik Hasane , Hossain Md. Amzad 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper demonstrated the on off keying line based optical line transmitter for different fiber communication and wireless lighted channels. The max Q form and min BER values after PIN receiver based optical fiber base band channel, linear multi-mode fiber channel and OWC at optimum length is clarified. Lighted power variations after light fiber channel, linear multi-mode fiber channel and OWC versus spectral base band wavelength variations at optimum length is demonstrated. Lighted power form variations after lighted base band fiber channel, linear multi-mode fiber channel and OWC versus time variations at optimum length is indicated. Total lighted power after optical fiber base band channel, linear multi-mode fiber channel and OWC at optimum length is clarified. Total electrical power after PIN receiver based optical fiber channel, linear multi-mode fiber channel and OWC at optimum length.
Nonlocal electro-optic metasurfaces for free-space light modulation
Authors: Damgaard-Carstensen Christopher , Bozhevolnyi Sergey I. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Dynamic optical metasurfaces with ultrafast temporal response, i.e., spatiotemporal optical metasurfaces, provide attractive solutions and open fascinating perspectives for modern highly integrated optics and photonics. In this work, electro-optically controlled optical metasurfaces operating in reflection and utilizing resonant waveguide mode excitation are demonstrated from the viewpoint of free-space propagating light modulation. The modulation of reflected light power with superior characteristics in comparison with prior research is achieved by identifying a suitable low-loss waveguide mode and exploiting its resonant excitation. The electro-optic Pockels effect in a 300 nm-thick lithium niobate (LN) film sandwiched between a continuous thick gold film and an array of gold nanostripes, serving also as control electrodes, is exploited to realize fast and efficient light modulation. The fabricated compact (active area <1000 µm2) modulators operate in the wavelength range of 850–950 nm, featuring a maximum intensity modulation depth of 42 % at the driving voltage of ±10 V within the bandwidth of 13.5 MHz (with the potential bandwidth of 6.5 GHz). The introduced nonlocal electro-optic metasurface configuration opens new avenues towards the realization of ultrafast, efficient, and robust free-space light modulators based on an LN flat optics approach.
The crystal structure of (Z)-3-(1-(2-((E)-4-isopropylbenzylidene)hydrazinyl)ethylidene) chroman-2,4-dione, C21H20N2O3
Authors: Dekić Vidoslav S. , Dekić Biljana R. , Sejmanović Dragana M. , Janićević Suzana , Krüger Biljana , Kahlenberg Volker , Rodić Marko V. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
C21H20N2O3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 6.8892(3) Å, b = 21.8269(13) Å, c = 35.1144(19) Å, β = 90.344(5)°, V = 5280.1(5) Å3, Z = 12, R
gt(F) = 0.0672, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1460, T = 170(2) K.
Tuning strategies for ruthenium-bipyridine phototriggers
Authors: Rafic Estefanía , Slep Leonardo Daniel , Etchenique Roberto 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Caged compounds, also called phototriggers are formed by a photo-removable protecting group attached to a molecule of interest, hindering its potential interactions or reaction partners. A particular chemical bond is broken when the phototrigger absorbs light of a given wavelength, yielding a non-interacting “cage” and a free interacting molecule. Numerous organic based caged compounds have been devised, and many of them have broad applications, usually in physiology research. The tunability of these phototriggers is scarce, and the common strategy consists in changing the photoremovable group. Conversely, ruthenium-polypyridine caged compounds are built around a Ru center that can accommodate six coordinated molecules or groups including the photo-releasable molecule. The design of the coordination sphere yields many ways to achieve a desired property, or modulate a property, such as hydrophilicity, redox potential, absorption, 2P capabilities, action cross section, etc. In this work we will show how the tuning of quantum yield of photorelease, absorption wavelength and thermal stability is feasible, and discuss the rationale and the limits of the ligand-tuning technique.
Unconventionally Green: Monetary Policy between Engagement and Conflicting Goals
Authors: Liebich Lena , Nöh Lukas , Rutkowski Felix , Schwarz Milena 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We study the potential role of the ECB in supporting the transition to a low-carbon economy by decarbonizing the corporate sector purchase programme (CSPP). We demonstrate that the carbon intensity of CSPP purchases is determined by three main factors: First, by the CSPP-eligibility criteria, as these tend to exclude bonds from low-emission sectors. Second, by the underlying structure of the bond market, as this tends to be skewed towards carbon-intensive sectors. Third, among the eligible bonds, the ECB tends to select those from relatively emission-intensive sectors. To decarbonize the CSPP, the ECB can theoretically act along these three lines: (i) adjust the CSPP-eligibility criteria to expand the range of eligible low-carbon assets, (ii), revise the principle of market neutrality to tilt the CSPP portfolio towards low-carbon companies, or, (iii), purchase so far neglected low-carbon bonds within the current eligibility and market neutrality framework. As all approaches have either very limited effects or are associated with significant theoretical and practical concerns, we conclude that their contribution to the success of active green monetary policy is not guaranteed, while at the same time risks arise for a monetary policy that targets price stability.