bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial community and network differently reshaped by crushed straw or biochar incorporation and associated with nitrogen fertilizer level
Authors: Song Tianshu , Wang Junkai , Xu Xiyao , Sun Caixia , Sun Chen , Chen Zihao , Zhang Yulan , Hao Liying 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStraw returning has been demonstrated as a beneficial approach for the utilization of renewable biomass source, which contributes to reducing environmental pollution and strengthening the sustainability of agriculture. However, information on how microorganisms respond to different straw return modes (SRMs) at varying nitrogen fertilizer levels (NFLs) in the black soil is still limited. The community composition, network pattern, and modular function of bacteria and fungi are investigated under three SRMs, including straw removal (CK), crushed straw incorporation (SD), and biochar incorporation (BC) at three NFLs (0, 144, and 240 kg N ha−1, respectively) mainly using Illumina MiSeq technique based on a long‐term maize field experiment. Results showed that bacterial richness, diversity, and fungal richness decreased with NFL reduction. However, these decreases can be compensated by SD and BC, demonstrating superiority for BC at reduced NFLs. SD and BC differed in their effects on the bacterial and fungal abundances (showing increments only in SD) and fungal Shannon diversity (remaining stable only in BC irrespective of NFLs). Microbial communities were substantially affected by SRMs and interacted with NFLs, which were driven by soil NH4+‐N, available potassium, total nitrogen, and pH. In addition, SD induced a network characterized by its highly complex (average degree 10.259 vs. 3.364) and stable structure (average clustering coefficient 0.503 vs. 0.239), Ascomycota as predominating keystone taxa, and abundant N‐cycling related bacteria, while BC formed a network comprising a superior modular structure (modularity 2.599 vs. 0.912), dominant symbiotic fungi, and soil bulk density as specific shaping factor, indicating that network pattern, keystone taxa, modular function, and determining factors shifted between SD and BC co‐occurrence networks. These results deepen insights into the response divergence of bacteria and fungi to SRMs and NFLs, providing a scientific basis for selecting the suitable strategy for sustainable straw utilization in the black soil area.
Encapsulation, characterisation and incorporation of chebulagic acid from beleric (Terminalia Bellirica) fruits in orange juice
Authors: Guggilla Mrudula , Chow Sek Chuen , Siow Lee Fong 
Published: July 2023

SummaryChebulagic acid (CA), found in beleric (Terminalia bellirica) fruit powder, has various biological activities. This study aims to encapsulate CA to overcome its solubility, astringency and bitter taste issues and determine its properties. The encapsulated chebulagic acid (ECA) was incorporated into orange juice (OR), and a storage stability study at ambient temperature (25 ± 2 °C) and sensory analysis using a 9‐point hedonic scale were conducted. The highest encapsulation efficiency (89.24% ± 0.08%), antioxidant activity (96.82% ± 0.03%) and considerable powder yield (~59.3% ± 1.07%) with better water absorption index (0.64 ± 0.008 g/g), water solubility index (98.04 ± 0.016/100 g) and swelling capacity (0.055 ± 0.002 g/g) were achieved at 140 °C spray drying temperature with 60% maltodextrin and 40% gum Arabic. At the ambient storage conditions (25 ± 2 °C), the storage stability of ECA was 640 days (54.19% ± 0.02%), CA was 130 days (52.46% ± 0.14%) and the addition of ECA increased the OR's storage stability to 200 days (50.13% ± 0.59%) with respect to the antioxidant activity. From the sensory evaluation, the OR and OR added with 0.2 g/100 mL ECA samples were preferred by the 100 panellists and liked immensely. Overall, the encapsulation of CA successfully masked the astringency and bitterness, improving the CA's stability and increasing the orange juice's storage stability with more consumer acceptability.
Electronic phenotypes to distinguish clinician attention to high body mass index, hypertension, lipid disorders, fatty liver and diabetes in pediatric primary care: Diagnostic accuracy of electronic phenotypes compared to masked comprehensive chart review
Authors: Turer Christy B. , Park Jenny J. , Gupta Olga T. , Ramirez Charina , Basit Mujeeb A. , Heitjan Daniel F. , Barlow Sarah E. 
Published: July 2023

SummaryBackground/ObjectivesElectronic phenotyping is a method of using electronic‐health‐record (EHR) data to automate identifying a patient/population with a characteristic of interest. This study determines validity of using EHR data of children with overweight/obesity to electronically phenotype evidence of clinician ‘attention’ to high body mass index (BMI) and each of four distinct comorbidities.MethodsWe built five electronic phenotypes classifying 2‐18‐year‐old children with overweight/obesity (n = 17,397) by electronic/health‐record evidence of distinct attention to high body mass index, hypertension, lipid disorders, fatty liver, and prediabetes/diabetes. We reviewed, selected and cross‐checked random charts to define items clinicians select in EHRs to build problem lists, and to order medications, laboratory tests and referrals to electronically classify attention to overweight/obesity and each comorbidity. Operating characteristics of each clinician‐attention phenotype were determined by comparing comprehensive chart review by reviewers masked to electronic classification who adjudicated evidence of clinician attention to high BMI and each comorbidity.ResultsIn a random sample of 817 visit‐records reviewed/coded, specificity of each electronic phenotype is 99%–100% (with PPVs ranging from 96.8% for prediabetes/diabetes to 100% for dyslipidemia and hypertension). Sensitivities of the attention classifications range from 69% for hypertension (NPV, 98.9%) to 84.7% for high‐BMI attention (NPV, 92.3%).ConclusionsElectronic phenotypes for clinician attention to overweight/obesity and distinct comorbidities are highly specific, with moderate (BMI) to modest (each comorbidity) sensitivity. The high specificity supports using phenotypes to identify children with prior high‐BMI/comorbidity attention.
HR managers stereotyping frontline managers
Authors: Boehme Laura , Russ‐Eft Darlene , Rovens John , Rovens Andrew 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study explored how human resource (HR) leaders' biased perceptions of frontline manager (FLM) effectiveness influence HR ratings of FLM competencies, resulting in insufficient training and job preparation for these critical employees. The literature review examined FLM research, ratings of supervisory competencies and the underlying theoretical frameworks of implicit leadership theory and leadership categorization theory, and their relationship to informal learning. The research used mixed methods, with a qualitative critical incident study to identify competencies, followed by a quantitative survey to compare ratings, followed by qualitative in‐person interviews to confirm survey findings. Results revealed a significant difference between HR and other raters of FLMs, including the FLMs themselves, with regard to FLM effectiveness, and these differences are informed by HR stereotypes of FLMs. Recommendations and implications suggest HR's role in providing unbiased assessment could lead to essential FLM training and development.
Power resources for disempowered workers? Re‐conceptualizing the power and potential of consumers in app‐based food delivery
Authors: Goods Caleb , Veen Alex , Barratt Tom , Smith Brett 
Published: July 2023

AbstractConsumers play an integral role in the labor process of app‐based food delivery services through their consumption behaviors and performance ratings of workers. Some therefore see them as a potential ally of workers, whereas others view them as beholden by capital. This quantitative study uses power resource theory and a Rasch model to appraise consumers' understandings and attitudes toward working conditions in this segment of the “gig” economy. Drawing on two surveys of 1820 Australian consumers, we find that consumers are a potential yet heterogenous coalitional power resource who may align with workers on certain entitlements like minimum wages.
The digital augmentation of extremism: Reviewing and guiding online extremism research from a sociotechnical perspective
Authors: Risius Marten , Blasiak Kevin M. , Wibisono Susilo , Louis Winnifred R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOnline extremism remains a persistent problem despite the best efforts of governments, tech companies and civil society. Digital technologies can induce group polarization to promote extremism and cause substantial changes to extremism (e.g., create new forms of extremism, types of threats or radicalization approaches). Current methods to counter extremism induce undesirable side‐effects (e.g., ostracize minorities, inadvertently promote extremism) or do not leverage the full potential of digital technologies. Extremism experts recognize the need for researchers from other disciplines, like information systems, to contribute their technical expertise for understanding and countering online extremism. This article aims to introduce the field of information systems to the issue of online extremism. Information systems scholars address technology‐related societal issues from a sociotechnical perspective. The sociotechnical perspective describes systems through a series of interactions between social (structure, people) and technical components (physical system, task). We apply the sociotechnical perspective to (1) summarize the current state‐of‐the‐art knowledge of 222 articles in a systematic multi‐disciplinary literature review and (2) propose specific research questions that address two questions (How do digital technologies augment extremism? How can we successfully counter online extremism?).
Enhanced energy‐storage properties in Zr4+‐modified (Bi0.4Ba0.2K0.2Na0.2)TiO3 high‐entropy ceramics
Authors: Ye Wenhui , Yan Bo , Ma Jinxu , He Qiang , An Linan , Chen Kepi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecently, high‐entropy perovskite oxides (HEPOs) have received increasing interest for energy storage applications owing to their unique structure, huge composition space, and promising properties. However, designing HEPOs with improved energy storage performance remains a challenge. In this study, various HEPOs were designed by partially replacing Zr4+ for Ti4+ in (Bi0.4Ba0.2K0.2Na0.2)TiO3 medium‐entropy ferroelectric ceramics. The resulting ceramics exhibited a pseudo‐cubic structure. With increasing Zr4+ content, the ceramics gradually transformed into relaxor ferroelectrics. The energy storage performance of the ceramics depended on the Zr4+ content. The sample with 20 mol% Zr4+ showed the best energy storage performance with a maximum reversible energy density of 2.47 J/cm3 and an energy storage efficiency of 82.3% at a low applied electric field (224 kV/cm). This study obtained a promising material for the new generation dielectric energy storage capacitors and provided a novel method for enhancing energy storage performance.
Advanced practice nursing in Europe—Results from a pan‐European survey of 35 countries
Authors: De Raeve Paul , Davidson Patricia M. , Bergs Jochen , Patch Michelle , Jack Susan M. , Castro‐Ayala Adriana , Xyrichis Andreas , Preston Wendy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo report the results of a mapping exercise by the European Federation of Nurses on current advanced practice nursing frameworks and developments across Europe.DesignOnline, cross‐sectional, questionnaire study.MethodsAn online questionnaire was distributed among 35 national nurses' associations across Europe in March 2021. The questionnaire solicited input on 60 items concerning key features of advanced practice nursing, intending to map existing developments and better understand the current state of advanced practice nursing in Europe. Data analysis used descriptive statistics, including counts and percentages, tabulation; open‐text responses were handled with thematic synthesis techniques.ResultsThe definition, sense‐making and operationalization of advanced practice nursing vary across Europe. Important variations were noted in the definition and requirements of advanced practice nursing, resulting in different views on the competencies and scope of practice associated with this role. Importantly, the level of education and training required to qualify and practice as an advanced practice nurse varies across European countries. Furthermore, only 11 countries reported the existence of a national legislation establishing minimum educational requirements.ConclusionSignificant variation exists in how countries define advanced practice nursing and how it is regulated at academic and practice levels. More research is needed to clarify whether this variation results from designing models of advanced practice nursing that work in different contexts; and what impact a standardized regulatory framework could have to grow the volume of advanced practice nurses across Europe.ImpactThe current paper exposes the lack of clarity on the development and implementation of advanced practice nursing across Europe. We found significant variation in the definition, recognition, regulation and education of advanced practice nurses. Our data are essential to policymakers, professional associations and employers to ensure a coordinated and systematic effort in the consistency and ongoing development of advanced practice nurses across Europe.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution applied; the participants were national nurses' associations.
Is surface roughness of direct resin composite restorations material and polisher‐dependent? A systematic review
Authors: Devlukia Shalini , Hammond Lucy , Malik Khalid 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStatement of ProblemDirect resin composite bonding offers a highly esthetic, minimally invasive option for the treatment of anterior teeth however the challenge to improve their longevity remains. Direct resin composite restorations are limited by the risk of staining which may be influenced by the final surface roughness (Ra) of composite achieved.PurposeThe purpose of this review is to investigate, using a systematic approach, whether the final surface roughness of anterior composite restorations is affected by the interaction between resin composite and polishing systems.Materials and MethodsThe review was conducted by 3 independent reviewers and included articles published up to January 21, 2021. Three electronic databases were searched: Medline, Embase, and Web of Science. Studies assessing a quantitative effect of polishing methods on the Ra of direct composite resin materials published after the year 2000 and restricted to the English language were included.ResultsThe database search for the effect of polishing systems on composite materials retrieved 125 eligible studies. Twelve duplicate records were removed. The resulting records were screened using title and abstract leading to 38 reports which were sought for retrieval. Application of eligibility criteria led to 11 studies included in the review. Hand searching of these studies yielded no additional papers.ConclusionsThere is insufficient evidence to determine whether combination of composite and polisher influences final Ra. More research is required to determine if there is an optimum combination of polisher and composite.Clinical ImplicationsPolishing should be completed following planned finishing procedures. The approximation to the final surface and which finishing burs to use, if any, should be considered when planning a restoration. Durafill VS predictably achieves an acceptable Ra by different polishers.
Development and assessment of relative validity and reliability of the Workplace Beverage Intake Questionnaire in UK office workers
Authors: Rogerson Georgia , Xu Yifan , Whelan Megan , Gibson Rachel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere are no beverage measurement tools evaluated for use in UK working‐age adults. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel beverage intake questionnaire.MethodsA 57‐item online tool (Workplace Beverage Intake Questionnaire [WBIQ]) was developed through stakeholder consensus. Relative validity was measured against 7‐day food records, and reliability was tested across three time points. Evaluation outcomes of interest were total beverage intake and beverage intake during working hours, intake from seven beverage categories (plain water, sugar sweetened, low/zero calorie, tea, coffee, milk based and 100% fruit based) and energy, caffeine and free sugar intake from beverages. Reliability was determined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and validity via correlation analyses and visual assessment of Bland–Altman plots.ResultsThe evaluation study population comprised office workers (n = 71, 74.6% women, mean age: 32, standard deviation: 8.5 years). The WBIQ had moderate reliability (ICC: 0.50–0.75) across total fluid intake and all beverage categories except milk‐based drinks and 100% fruit‐based drinks where it was rated poor. Caffeine, free sugar and energy from beverages had poor‐to‐moderate reliability. Correlation coefficients were large (r > 0.50, p < 0.001) comparing diet records and WBIQ across all categories of beverage except low‐/zero‐calorie soft drinks (r = 0.34, p < 0.01). Bland–Altman plots showed a similar trend across all variables, with better agreements at lower intake and the absolute difference increasing proportionally at higher intakes. Over 90% of respondents agreed/strongly agreed that the tool was easy to navigate and understand.ConclusionsThe WBIQ is the first stage in the development of a tool for UK‐specific beverage intake measurement in working‐age adults. Further refinement and testing are required to improve reliability.
The effect of fat content on sensory perception and consumer acceptability of 70% cacao dark chocolate made from reconstituted cocoa liquor
Authors: Brown Allison L. , Warren Ezekiel R. , Ingraham Bradley W. , Ziegler Gregory R. , Hopfer Helene 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDark chocolate is a complex food defined by its unique flavor, taste, mouthfeel, and melting properties. The craft chocolate market is a new segment of the US confectionery industry that highlights cocoa bean origin by making two‐ingredient dark chocolate composed of cocoa liquor and sugar. To study the impact of natural variance in fat levels inherent to unblended cocoa liquor in two‐ingredient chocolate, we made 70% cacao dark chocolate from cocoa liquor reconstituted from cocoa powder and cocoa butter at total fat contents of 30%, 35%, and 40% (w/w), and collected sensory and acceptability data from 108 regular chocolate consumers. Increasing fat content did not significantly affect liking (p > .05). However, with increasing fat levels, perceived intensities of bitter taste, cocoa flavor, and drying mouthfeel significantly decreased, and sweet taste perception significantly increased (p < .05). Consumer chocolate preference (milk vs. dark) significantly affected perceived intensity of drying mouthfeel.Practical ApplicationsOur research suggests that liking of astringent stimuli may result in decreased perception of astringency in highly astringent foods. Further research is recommended to understand this mechanism as well as the physical and chemical underpinnings by which fat content impacts sensory perception of dark chocolate.
Introduction to the special issue of Meteoritics & Planetary Science on the Winchcombe meteorite
Authors: Joy K. H. , King A. J. , Daly L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis issue of Meteoritics & Planetary Science celebrates the science of the Winchcombe meteorite, which fell to Earth on the 28th February 2021 close to the town of Winchcombe, Gloucestershire in the UK.
Results of statistical analysis of primary components concentrations in bulk chemical composition of ordinary chondrite groups
Authors: Przylibski Tadeusz A. , Długosz‐Lisiecka Magdalena , Łuszczek Katarzyna , Blutstein Konrad 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe used two different methods of statistical analysis—cluster analysis and principal component analysis—to analyze the concentrations of principal chemical components (Si, Mg, Ca, Fe, Ni) and Co in ordinary chondrites. The analysis is based predominantly on published data (metadata). In total, chemical composition data from 646 ordinary chondrites were used in the statistical analysis. The aim of this analysis was to establish whether it would be possible or not to distinguish H, L, and LL chondrites based on the concentrations of major elements and Co in their bulk chemical compositions. It was also important to determine what conclusions such an analysis could enable to draw about matter differentiation in the formation environments of primordial parent bodies of particular ordinary chondrite groups (H, L, and LL). Another aim of the statistical analysis was to determine whether the distribution of Fe and Ni (with Co admixtures) is independent of petrographic types within particular groups of chondrites. This is of crucial importance for determining the distribution of FeNi(Co) ore occurrences in potential extraterrestrial deposits on modern asteroids—the sources of ordinary chondrites. The obtained results of statistical analyses confirmed that a clear‐cut distinction between particular groups of ordinary chondrites is only possible for group H, while distinguishing L chondrites from LL chondrites is not always obvious. The results of the statistical analyses relating to the question of the possible existence of several primordial parent bodies (formation environments) of each group of ordinary chondrites are consistent with the results of contemporary astronomical spectroscopy research. What is particularly interesting is obtaining indications of the existence of common formation environments of the matter of L and LL chondrites, possibly on a few primordial parent bodies. The statistical analyses indicate that there is no correlation between the concentration of principal chemical components and the petrographic type of ordinary chondrites. This proves homogenous distributions of these elements within the parent bodies of each group of ordinary chondrites. Hence, the distribution of these elements in individual present‐day asteroids is also homogenous.
Anorthositic lunar regolith breccia Dhofar 1769—Clear indications for repeated mixing of impact melt lithologies
Authors: Bischoff Addi , Komnik Mike , Storz Jakob , Berndt Jasper 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe lunar regolith breccia Dhofar 1769, which was found in 2012 as a single 125 g piece in the Zufar desert area of Oman, contains a relatively large, dark‐colored impact melt breccia embedded in a fine‐grained clastic matrix. The internal texture of the fragment indicates the repeated melt breccia formation on the lunar surface, their repeated brecciation, and mixing in second, third, and fourth generations of brecciated rock types. The chemical and mineralogical data reveal the incorporation of a feldspar‐rich subophitic crystalline melt within a feldspar‐rich microporphyritic crystalline melt breccia. This lithic paragenesis itself is embedded within a mafic, crystalline melt breccia. The entire breccia with the three different impact melts has been finally incorporated into the whole rock breccia. The three impact melts are mixtures of different source rocks and impact projectiles, based on the obtained minor and trace element compositions (in particular of Ni and the rare earth elements [REE]) of the impact melt lithologies. For all processes of impact melt formation, additional steps of their brecciation and re‐lithification require a minimum number of seven impact processes.