bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triple‐combination clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/benzoyl peroxide 3.1%/adapalene 0.15% gel for moderate‐to‐severe acne in children and adolescents: Randomized phase 2 study
Authors: Eichenfield Lawrence F. , Stein Gold Linda , Kircik Leon H. , Werschler William P. , Beer Kenneth , Draelos Zoe D. , Tanghetti Emil A. , Papp Kim A. , Baldwin Hilary , Lain Edward , Sadick Neil , Gooderham Melinda J. , Konda Adarsh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesTopical clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/benzoyl peroxide 3.1%/adapalene 0.15% gel (IDP‐126) is the first fixed‐dose triple‐combination formulation in development for acne. This post hoc analysis investigated efficacy and safety of IDP‐126 in children and adolescents with moderate‐to‐severe acne.MethodsIn a randomized, double‐blind phase 2 study (NCT03170388), participants ≥9 years of age with moderate‐to‐severe acne were eligible for randomization (1:1:1:1:1) to once‐daily IDP‐126, one of three dyad combination gels, or vehicle gel for 12 weeks. This post hoc analysis of pediatric participants (n = 394) included children and adolescents up to 17 years of age. Assessments included treatment success, inflammatory/noninflammatory lesion counts, Acne‐Specific Quality of Life (Acne‐QoL) questionnaire, treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), and cutaneous safety/tolerability.ResultsAt Week 12, treatment success rates were significantly greater with IDP‐126 (55.8%) than with vehicle (5.7%; p < .001) or any of the dyad combinations (range: 30.8%–33.9%; p < .01, all). Lesion reductions with IDP‐126 were also significantly greater than with vehicle (inflammatory: 78.3% vs. 45.1%; noninflammatory: 70.0% vs. 37.6%; p < .001, both) and 9.2%–16.6% greater than with any of the dyad combinations. Increases (improvements) from baseline in Acne‐QoL domain scores were generally greater with IDP‐126 than in any other treatment group. The most common treatment‐related TEAEs across treatment groups were application site pain and dryness. Most treatment‐related TEAEs were of mild‐to‐moderate severity.ConclusionIDP‐126 gel—a novel fixed‐dose, triple‐combination topical formulation for acne—demonstrated superior efficacy to vehicle and three dyad component gels and was well tolerated in children and adolescents with moderate‐to‐severe acne.
A call for implementing augmented intelligence in pediatric dermatology
Authors: Issa Christopher J. , Reimer‐Taschenbrecker Antonia , Paller Amy S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAugmented intelligence (AI), the combination of artificial based intelligence with human intelligence from a practitioner, has become an increased focus of clinical interest in the field of dermatology. Technological advancements have led to the development of deep‐learning based models to accurately diagnose complex dermatological diseases such as melanoma in adult datasets. Models for pediatric dermatology remain scarce, but recent studies have shown applications in the diagnoses of facial infantile hemangiomas and X‐linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia; however, we see unmet needs in other complex clinical scenarios and rare diseases, such as diagnosing squamous cell carcinoma in patients with epidermolysis bullosa. Given the still limited number of pediatric dermatologists, especially in rural areas, AI has the potential to help overcome health disparities by helping primary care physicians treat or triage patients.
A silent burden: How negative experiences with public toilets impact quality of life and life satisfaction
Authors: Corradi Guido , Theirs Cecilia , Garcia‐Garzon Eduardo , Barrada Juan Ramón 
Published: March 2023

Public toilets are a critical public health issue with a significant negative impact on people's lives. Unfortunately, the effect of negative experiences caused by public toilets on people's quality of life and life satisfaction is unknown. In this study, participants (n = 550) were asked to fill in a scale‐based survey about their negative experiences with public toilets, quality of life, and life satisfaction. We found that people with toilet‐dependent illnesses (36% of the sample) reported more negative experiences with public toilets than their counterparts. These negative experiences are also related to lower scores in some areas of participants' quality of life, such as their environmental, psychological, and physical health and life satisfaction, even after controlling for relevant socio‐economic variables. Additionally, toilet‐dependent individuals had particularly negative experiences in terms of life satisfaction and physical health than non‐toilet‐dependent people. We conclude that the impoverishment of quality of life linked to public toilets as an environmental inadequacy is traceable, estimable, and meaningful. This association is not only negative for ordinary people, but it is significantly negative for people with toilet‐dependent illnesses. These results highlight that public toilets are essential to ensure collective well‐being, particularly when considering those affected by their presence or lack thereof.
Poverty as a Political Problem in Late Eighteenth‐Century Britain: Smith, Burke, Malthus
Authors: Harris James A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn eighteenth‐century Britain, there was more than one way of thinking about poverty. For some, poverty was an essentially moral problem. Another way of conceiving of poverty was in economic terms. In this article, however, I want to consider some eighteenth‐century versions of the idea that poverty might be a political issue. What I have in mind is the idea that a society containing a large proportion of very poor people might be, just for that reason, an unstable and disordered society. I argue, first, that this idea is central to Smith's treatment of poverty in The Wealth of Nations. Then, after a brief account of how Paine and Godwin imagined the end of poverty, I describe the further development and refinement of Smithian lines of thought in Burke and Malthus. My conclusion is that Smith, Burke, and Malthus constitute evidence that present‐day ideas of social justice derive more from the nineteenth century and subsequent developments in moral and political thought than from the early modern period.
What is the role of adherence to 24‐hour movement guidelines in relation to physical fitness components among adolescents?
Authors: Tapia‐Serrano Miguel Ángel , López‐Gil José Francisco , Sevil‐Serrano Javier , García‐Hermoso Antonio , Sánchez‐Miguel Pedro Antonio 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundPhysical inactivity, excessive sedentary time, and lack of sleep time have been independently associated with lower health‐related physical fitness. However, little is known about the combined association between 24‐h movement guidelines (i.e., physical activity, recreational screen time, and sleep duration) and components of physical fitness.ObjectiveThe main aim was to examine the likelihood of having high/very high levels on different components of physical fitness based on meeting with 24‐h movement guidelines.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 1276 Spanish youths (13.07 ± 0.86; 55.88% boys), aged 11–16 years, completed self‐reported questionnaires on physical activity, recreational screen time, and sleep duration. Physical fitness components were assessed by 20‐m shuttle‐run test, standing long jump test, handgrip strength test, and 4 × 10‐m shuttle‐run test. Meeting 24‐h movement guidelines was defined as: 9–11 h/day (children aged 5–13) or 8–10 h/day (adolescents aged 14–17) of sleep, ≤2 h/day of recreational screen time and at least 60 min/day of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity. The probability of having a high/very high score for each physical fitness components (i.e., ≥60th centile according to the normative cut‐off points for European adolescents) in relation to adherence to 24‐h movement guidelines was analyzed using a series of binary logistic regressions.ResultsParticipants who met the three 24‐h movement guidelines were more likely to have high/very high for cardiorespiratory fitness (OR = 3.31; 95% CI: 1.79, 6.14; p < 0.001), standing long jump (OR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.06, 3.45; p = 0.031), muscular fitness (OR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.09, 3.86; p = 0.048) and physical fitness (OR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.08, 3.66; p = 0.012), but not for handgrip strength (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 0.64, 2.01; p = 0.636) and speed/agility (OR = 1.65; 95% CI: 0.92, 2.96; p = 0.093), compared to those who did not meet all three recommendations.ConclusionSince meeting the three 24‐h movement guidelines increased the likelihood of having higher levels in most physical fitness components, it seems necessary to promote these movement behaviors early in life, as they could serve as a gateway for improving health‐related fitness in future generations.
The Indoors/Outdoors Divide: Homelessness, Rat Infestation, and Spatial Management in Downtown Los Angeles
Authors: McCumber Andrew 
Published: March 2023

In 2019, Los Angeles, California's City Hall was reported to be infested with rats. LA's pest control contractor later drew a link between this rat problem and nearby encampments of unhoused residents. I use these connected cases of homelessness and rat control in Los Angeles to investigate the spatial and symbolic logics that guide urban social processes. Using computational and qualitative text analysis, interviews, and participant observation, I argue that rats and homelessness are issues tied to the proper place of nature in cities. While urban nature is central to the aspirational goals of urbanization, where institutions craft a desirable, recognizably urban life, I argue that managing it means not just introducing “good” nature (parks, street trees, etc.) to cities, but also keeping “bad” nature at bay. Practically, this entails guarding public faith in the boundary between “indoors” and “outdoors.” Homelessness and rat infestations present challenges to this goal because they represent inverse spatial transgressions of the indoors/outdoors divide. Rats bring the outdoors inside, compromising safety and security. Homeless encampments, meanwhile, represent domestic, indoor life spilling over into the outdoors. City institutions materially maintain the indoors/outdoors divide and symbolically attend to it by removing meaningful indications of these spatial transgressions.
Cognitive Science Progresses Toward Interactive Frameworks
Authors: Spivey Michael J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite its many twists and turns, the arc of cognitive science generally bends toward progress, thanks to its interdisciplinary nature. By glancing at the last few decades of experimental and computational advances, it can be argued that—far from failing to converge on a shared set of conceptual assumptions—the field is indeed making steady consensual progress toward what can broadly be referred to asinteractive frameworks. This inclination is apparent in the subfields of psycholinguistics, visual perception, embodied cognition, extended cognition, neural networks, dynamical systems theory, and more. This pictorial essay briefly documents this steady progress both from a bird's eye view and from the trenches. The conclusion is one of optimism that cognitive science is getting there, albeit slowly and arduously, like any good science should.
Acetylation of GhCaM7 enhances cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wu Yajie , Yu Yongang , Zhang Yihao , Wei Feng , Zhu Qian‐Hao , Zhou Jinglong , Zhao Lihong , Zhang Yalin , Feng Zili , Feng Hongjie , Sun Jie 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYProtein lysine acetylation is an important post‐translational modification mechanism involved in cellular regulation in eukaryotes. Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous Ca2+ sensor in eukaryotes and is crucial for plant immunity, but it is so far unclear whether acetylation is involved in CaM‐mediated plant immunity. Here, we found that GhCaM7 is acetylated upon Verticillium dahliae (V. dahliae) infection and a positive regulator of V. dahliae resistance. Overexpressing GhCaM7 in cotton and Arabidopsis enhances V. dahliae resistance and knocking‐down GhCaM7 makes cotton more susceptible to V. dahliae. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing GhCaM7 with mutation at the acetylation site are more susceptible to V. dahliae than transgenics overexpressing the wild‐type GhCaM7, implying the importance of the acetylated GhCaM7 in response to V. dahliae infection. Yeast two‐hybrid, bimolecular fluorescent complementation, luciferase complementation imaging, and coimmunoprecipitation assays demonstrated interaction between GhCaM7 and an osmotin protein GhOSM34 that was shown to have a positive role in V. dahliae resistance. GhCaM7 and GhOSM34 are co‐localized in the cell membrane. Upon V. dahliae infection, the Ca2+ content reduces almost instantly in plants with downregulated GhCaM7 or GhOSM34. Down regulating GhOSM34 enhances accumulation of Na+ and increases cell osmotic pressure. Comparative transcriptomic analyses between cotton plants with an increased or reduced expression level of GhCaM7 and wild‐type plants indicate the involvement of jasmonic acid signaling pathways and reactive oxygen species in GhCaM7‐enabled disease resistance. Together, these results demonstrate the involvement of CaM protein in the interaction between cotton and V. dahliae, and more importantly, the involvement of the acetylated CaM in the interaction.
RESCUE AND RECOVERY AS A THEOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE, AND A KEY TO MORALITY IN EXTRATERRESTRIAL SPECIES
Authors: Rappaport Margaret Boone , Corbally Christopher J. , Campa Riccardo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNew theological understanding can emerge with the advancement of scientific knowledge and the use of new concepts, or older concepts in new ways. Here, the authors present a proposal to extend the concept of “rescue and recovery” found in the United Nations Law of the High Seas, off‐world and within a broader purview of other intelligent and self‐aware species that humans may someday encounter. The notion of a morality that extends to off‐world species is not new, but in this analysis, rescue and recovery become an imperative when any intelligent and self‐aware species is in harm's way. Rescue and recovery encompass a necessary action component except perhaps in those cases where rescuers are in danger. The authors explore three biblical examples of rescue and recovery to derive a fundamental meaning of the concept.
The mechanosensitive ion channel ASIC2 mediates both proprioceptive sensing and spinal alignment
Authors: Bornstein Bavat , Watkins Bridgette , Passini Fabian S. , Blecher Ronen , Assaraf Eran , Sui Xiao Meng , Brumfeld Vlad , Tsoory Michael , Kröger Stephan , Zelzer Elazar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBy translating mechanical forces into molecular signals, proprioceptive neurons provide the CNS with information on muscle length and tension, which is necessary to control posture and movement. However, the identities of the molecular players that mediate proprioceptive sensing are largely unknown. Here, we confirm the expression of the mechanosensitive ion channel ASIC2 in proprioceptive sensory neurons. By combining in vivo proprioception‐related functional tests with ex vivo electrophysiological analyses of muscle spindles, we showed that mice lacking Asic2 display impairments in muscle spindle responses to stretch and motor coordination tasks. Finally, analysis of skeletons of Asic2 loss‐of‐function mice revealed a specific effect on spinal alignment. Overall, we identify ASIC2 as a key component in proprioceptive sensing and a regulator of spine alignment.
Reproducibility and diurnal variation in middle cerebral artery blood velocity in healthy humans
Authors: Shariffi Brian , Lloyd Iman N. , Cessac Mikala E. , Harper Jennifer L. , Limberg Jacqueline K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTranscranial Doppler (TCD) is used to assess cerebral blood velocity (CBV) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR). Assessments of TCD reproducibility are limited, and few include multiple within‐day measurements. We sought to establish reproducibility of CBV and CVR in healthy adults during three time periods (morning, afternoon and evening). We hypothesized that CBV and CVR measured at the same time of day are reproducible between days. We also hypothesized that CBV and CVR exhibit diurnal variation, with measurements being higher in the evening compared with morning/afternoon hours. Twelve adults [six male and six female, 27 years (95% CI, 22–31 years)] completed three measurements (morning, afternoon and evening) on two separate days in controlled conditions (e.g., meals, activity and sleep). Middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv, TCD) was measured continuously at rest and during two CVR tests (end‐expiratory apnoea and carbogen inhalation). Intraclass correlation coefficients for resting MCAv showed moderate to good reproducibility, which did not differ between morning, afternoon and evening (0.87, 0.56 and 0.67, respectively; P > 0.05). Intraclass correlation coefficients for peak MCAv during apnoea (0.80, 0.46 and 0.65, respectively; P > 0.05) and minute 2 of carbogen inhalation (0.81, 0.74 and 0.73, respectively; P > 0.05) were also not different from morning compared with afternoon/evening. Time of day had no effect on resting MCAv (F = 0.69, P = 0.51, ƞp2 = 0.06) or the peak response to apnoea (F = 1.00, P = 0.39, ƞp2 = 0.08); however, peak MCAv during carbogen breathing exhibited diurnal variation, with highest values in the evening (F = 3.41, P = 0.05, ƞp2 = 0.24). Measures of CBV and CVR assessed via TCD during morning, afternoon and evening hours are reproducible between days. There is diurnal variation in the MCAv response to carbogen exposure, with CVR being highest during evening compared with morning hours.
Whole genome transcriptomic reveals heat stroke molecular signatures in humans
Authors: Bouchama Abderrezak , Rashid Mamoon , Malik Shuja Shafi , Al Mahri Saeed , Yassin Yara , Abdullah Mashan , Abdulmalek Nour , Maashi Fuad , Mashi Abdulaziz , Khan Altaf , Alotaibi Badriah , Lehe Cynthia , Mohammad Sameer , Alkadi Haitham , Alwadaani Deemah , Yezli Saber 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn evolutionary heat shock response (HSR) protects most living species, including humans, from heat‐induced macromolecular damage. However, its role in the pathogenesis of heat stroke is unknown. We examined the whole genome transcriptome in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a cohort of subjects exposed to the same high environmental heat conditions, who developed heat stroke (n = 19) versus those who did not (n = 19). Patients with heat stroke had a mean rectal temperature at admission of 41.7 ± 0.8°C, and eight were in deep coma (Glasgow Coma Score = 3). The transcriptome showed that genes involved in more than half of the entire chaperome were differentially expressed relative to heat stress control. These include the heat shock protein, cochaperone, and chaperonin genes, indicating a robust HSR. Differentially expressed genes also encoded proteins related to unfolded protein response, DNA repair, energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and immunity. The analysis predicted perturbations of the proteome network and energy production. Cooling therapy attenuated these alterations without complete restoration of homeostasis. We validated the significantly expressed genes by a real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The findings reveal the molecular signature of heat stroke. They also suggested that a powerful HSR may not be sufficient to protect against heat injury. The overwhelming proteotoxicity and energy failure could play a pathogenic role.
imageKey points
Most living species, including humans, have inherent heat stress response (HSR) that shields them against heat‐induced macromolecular damage. The role of the HSR in subjects exposed to environmental heat who progressed to heat stroke versus those that did not is unknown.
Our findings suggest that heat stroke induces a broad and robust HSR of nearly half of the total heat shock proteins, cochaperones, and chaperonin genes.
Heat stroke patients exhibited inhibition of genes involved in energy production, including oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production.
Significant enrichment of neurodegenerative pathways, including amyloid processing signalling, the Huntington's and Parkinson's disease signalling suggestive of brain proteotoxicity was noted.
The data suggests that more than a powerful HSR may be required to protect against heat stroke. Overwhelming proteotoxicity and energy failure might contribute to its pathogenesis.
Accelerated Prediction of Photon Transport in Nanoparticle Media Using Machine Learning Trained With Monte Carlo Simulations
Authors: Carne Daniel , Peoples Joseph , Feng Dudong , Ruan Xiulin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Monte Carlo simulations for photon transport are commonly used to predict the spectral response, including reflectance, absorptance, and transmittance in nanoparticle laden media, while the computational cost could be high. In this study, we demonstrate a general purpose fully connected neural network approach, trained with Monte Carlo simulations, to accurately predict the spectral response while dramatically accelerating the computational speed. Monte Carlo simulations are first used to generate a training set with a wide range of optical properties covering dielectrics, semiconductors, and metals. Each input is normalized, with the scattering and absorption coefficients normalized on a logarithmic scale to accelerate the training process and reduce error. A deep neural network with ReLU activation is trained on this dataset with the optical properties and medium thickness as the inputs, and diffuse reflectance, absorptance, and transmittance as the outputs. The neural network is validated on a validation set with randomized optical properties, as well as nanoparticle medium examples including barium sulfate, aluminum, and silicon. The error in the spectral response predictions is within 1% which is sufficient for many applications, while the speedup is 1–3 orders of magnitude. This machine learning accelerated approach can allow for high throughput screening, optimization, or real-time monitoring of nanoparticle media's spectral response.