bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All the Kingdoms of the World
Authors: Vallier Kevin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
According to a common narrative, the twentieth century spelled the end of faith-infused political movements. Their ideologies, like Catholic integralism, would soon be forgotten. Humans were finally learning to keep religion out of politics. Or were we? In the twenty-first century, nations as diverse as Russia, India, Poland, and Turkey have seen a revival of religious politics, and many religious movements in other countries have proved similarly resilient. A new generation of political theologians passionately reformulates ancient religious doctrines to revolutionize modern political life. They insist that states recognize the true religion, and they reject modern liberal ideals of universal religious freedom and church-state separation. In this book, philosopher Kevin Vallier explores these new doctrines, not as lurid oddities but as though they might be true. The anti-liberal doctrine known as Catholic integralism serves as Vallier’s test case. Yet his approach naturally extends to similar ideologies within Chinese Confucianism and Sunni Islam. Vallier treats anti-liberal thinkers with respect that liberals seldom afford them and offers more moderate skeptics of liberalism a clear account of the alternatives. Many liberals, by contrast, will find these doctrines frightening and strange but of enduring interest. Vallier invites all his readers on a unique intellectual adventure, encouraging them to explore unfamiliar ideals through the lenses of theology, philosophy, politics, economics, and history.
History
Authors: Vallier Kevin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a powerful argument for Catholic integralism: the history argument. The claim? Integralism fits the tradition and dogma of the Catholic Church better than alternatives. The argument is cumulative: once we review key historical events and teaching, we will see a solid case that integralism is the political theology that best fits the data. Subjects reviewed include the Investiture Contest and the Avignon Papacy, and church teaching reviewed includes the Fourth Lateran Council and the Council of Trent. The chapter also reviews the recent histories of Catholicism and American conservatism, which help explain the revival of integralism as a political movement.
Stability
Authors: Vallier Kevin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides the second argument against Catholic integralism, the stability argument. Integralists characterize their view as a moral order. More formally, integralism establishes a social equilibrium. The system must reach equilibrium chiefly because its citizens act morally, and not primarily due to legal coercion. Integralism must have a moral stability to count as a moral order. The chapter claims that integralist orders systematically destabilize owing to factors that integralists themselves emphasize. Sin will create moral disagreement, as will natural factors like errant human reason. Destabilizing forces outweigh the stabilizing forces of divine grace. Integralism is not a moral order, and so integralism is not true.
Confucian and Islamic Anti-Liberalisms
Authors: Vallier Kevin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter develops the anti-liberalism framework by generalizing Vallier’s critique of integralism to cover Sunni Islam and Chinese Confucianism. Their anti-liberal theologians use history and symmetry arguments. They are also more or less vulnerable to transition, stability, and justice arguments. This chapter focuses on Confucian Jiang Qing and Sunni Muslim Rached Ghannouchi by first situating them in their religious traditions. It outlines their respective political theologies—Jiang’s Way of Humane Authority and Ghannouchi’s Islamic Democracy. It then applies the anti-liberalism framework to their political views. Jiang must grapple with a powerful stability argument, whereas Ghannouchi must grapple with a powerful justice argument.
Epilogue
Authors: Vallier Kevin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Where does the anti-liberalism framework leave the conflict between liberals and non-liberals? This epilogue reviews the implications of the book for religious anti-liberal thought and addresses postliberalism as a broader intellectual movement. It also speaks to liberals struggling to answer new challenges to liberal political thought. Vallier proposes an alliance among liberals to protect liberal institutions. But he also argues that liberals must allow non-liberals a considerable measure of local political autonomy. Political autonomy could manifest as integralist charter cities. No matter the form, however, these micro-polities can fit within a federal liberal framework. All sides of the debate can be reconciled.
Reframing the Moral Lessons of the Labor Movement
Authors: Drake Janine Giordano 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A close examination of the tenure of the Federal Council of Churches offers insight into the goals of the organization. On one hand, these ministers of the Social Gospel brought good publicity to strikes and publicly dignified workers’ demands for better wages and working conditions. On the other hand, clergy’s words and actions often undermined the authority of the radical labor movement to speak for themselves and grow their own moral authority in public space. Federal Council ministers claimed political neutrality, but they used the strategic sacrifices of wage earners to expand their own public influence and distract white Protestant attention away from actual labor leaders and their visions for social change.
Policing Empires
Authors: Go Julian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Policing Empires examines the militarization of the “civil police” in Britain and the United States. It tracks when, why, and how British and US police departments have adopted military tactics, tools, and technologies for domestic use. It reveals that police militarization has occurred since the very founding of modern policing in the nineteenth century and that militarization has long been an effect of the imperial boomerang. When militarizing their forces, police officials have drawn upon the tactics, tools, and technologies associated with imperialism and colonial conquests. Using the tools of comparative and postcolonial historical sociology, the book further shows that there have been distinct waves of militarization in Britain and the United States since the nineteenth century and that each of these waves has been triggered by the racialization of crime and disorder. Police have typically brought the imperial boomerang home to militarize police in response to perceived racialized threats from minority and immigrant populations. Police militarization results from the imperial state domesticating the methods and tools of its armies abroad to herd, contain, and thrash imagined barbarians who have dared flood through the gates of ostensible civilization.
Conclusions
Authors: Bernard Seth 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter draws the narrative of the preceding chapters together, pointing out how they describe an arc of development over time. The contents of each chapter are summarized and connected. Taken together, they suggest that the crucial process affecting historical culture in Iron Age Italy was the rise of urban society. We can see how Italians’ historical culture shifted from an ancestral temporality to a civic one, impelled by the long-term emergence of cities in the region. As this confirms, social transformations and the structure of society have everything to do with the particular modes and forms their historical interests take.
Black Women and Ambition
Authors: Dowe Pearl K. Ford 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Utilizing data from interviews with Black women elected officials across the country, this chapter argues that the key to making the decision to run for office is the unique socialization process of Black women. This process is shaped by generational examples of service, familial and community nurturing that encourages striving for excellence, and a sense of obligation to do work and not just hold a title. Black women at times initially doubt their ability to be successful in politics. They often overcome these doubts because of encouragement by peers and community members who remind them of the skills they developed from their community and political work. They are also motivated to work to meet the needs of their communities. These experiences provide further understanding of how Black women purposefully engage within their communities and develop a standing that allows for their potential success as candidates.
Black Women’s Leadership
Authors: Dowe Pearl K. Ford 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter confirms another area of ambition theory that is not applicable to Black women, which is the role careers play in candidate emergence. The scope of careers that Black women find themselves concentrated in are not within the narrow confines of business and legal professions. The fields that many of the women are situated in traditionally did not offer networks or resources that would facilitate a political career. But for Black women, they often bring with them skill sets and networks that allow them to navigate their career in a way they can gain new skills and understanding about policy implementation while also utilizing an equity lens to recognize policy inequities. The testimonials in this chapter also support the argument that the networks Black women engage in benefit them with opportunities to expand their network with political elites and potential mentors.
The Key to the Whole System
Authors: Porter Louis Howard 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the USSR’s entanglement in the international organizational system after Stalin’s death, providing an analysis of Soviet participation in UNESCO from when it joined the organization in 1954 until the end of the decade. It contextualizes this participation in Cold War crises (including the 1956 Hungarian Revolution and the Suez Crisis) as well as Nikita Khrushchev’s policies of “peaceful coexistence” and de-Stalinization. In the 1950s, a convergence of Soviet and UNESCO internationalisms made the country’s embrace of the agency not just possible but logical. The Soviet state thus created new bureaucratic machinery at home and abroad to mobilize its populace to take part in cultural diplomacy through UNESCO. Yet Soviet officials soon became disillusioned with the organization due to perceived Western biases in its activities and secretariat. Nonetheless, after a debate over whether to leave the organization transpired in 1958, the country remained in UNESCO for good.
Artificial Intelligence and Voice Interfaces
Authors: Singer Howie , Rosenblatt Bill 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter explains artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), and how these algorithms are used to personalize music services though playlists, to identify promising new artists, and to ensure that your smart speaker plays the correct song when requested. In addition, it covers the various ways that AI will make it simpler to modify existing songs to improve engagement and ultimately to create new, commercially successful musical works. The chapter outlines the legal issues surrounding these new applications, including the licensing of copyrighted works used to “train” these new tools and how artists are reacting to these new capabilities.
The Great Revaluation
Authors: Hansen Randall 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The chapter summarizes the events leading to the OPEC oil crisis. The West did not expect either the crisis or surging oil prices. Full employment, low inflation, rising incomes, increasing wealth, both nationally and globally, and an economy unbounded by nature were all certainties of the 1960s. These certainties rested on two assumptions. First, oil would remain cheap. Second, what we now call the global south would be a silent partner in the business of endless northern growth and consumption. Events in the 1970s proved both assumptions spectacularly false. Following Egypt’s attack on Israel in the Yom Kippur War, OAPEC announced an oil embargo (until Israel withdrew from Arab lands). OPEC production cuts, again led by Saudi Arabia, resulted in a quadrupling of oil prices by the end of 1974; they stayed at that level for the rest of the decade and then surged again in the aftermath of the Iranian Revolution. High oil prices would engender a permanent change in global capitalism and the place of migrant labor within it.
Expensive Oil, Cheap Goods
Authors: Hansen Randall 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The OPEC oil crisis permanently halved growth rates and stalled wages, but middle- and upper-middle-class standards of living have increased because the real price of goods—clothes, sports equipment, furniture—has fallen, at times dramatically. Food prices have, until the most recent bout of inflation, been stable or fallen. Both developments occurred because working-class wages collapsed. Lower wages are only possible if there are workers prepared to work for them, and, since the 1970s, firms have employed two strategies. The first was to shift capital to places where labor is cheap. The second strategy was to bring low-skilled immigrants to the US. In retail, meatpacking, agriculture, and construction, all sectors that, to various degrees, provided secure, well-paid jobs in the 1960s, the portion of low-skilled migrants has increased. This dynamic accounts for the great unexpected increase in migration to the United States after 1970.
Crowding out privacy
Authors: Snyder Jeremy 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Giving traditions have included invasive practices such as home visits to establish the genuineness of the recipient’s need and worthiness of receiving help. Online crowdfunding does not entail physical examination of the recipient and their living conditions, but crowdfunding campaigners are advised to be extremely open about their needs and private lives if they want to be successful in raising money. This openness includes sharing personal histories, photos, and videos and giving regular updates to potential donors, all of which are publicly accessible. While people campaigning on their own behalf can choose what information to disclose, such consultation is challenging when crowdfunding for others. This is particularly true when the recipient is a child or an adult experiencing cognitive limitations. Disclosure of personal information through crowdfunding campaigns can take place without consent, influenced by the asymmetric power between campaigners, recipients, donors, and crowdfunding platforms.
Who gets funded?
Authors: Snyder Jeremy 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Giving may help people in absolute terms but distribute this help inequitably. Direct giving has been criticized for often being haphazard, inefficient, and, as discussed in the previous chapter, based on problematic attitudes about the recipients’ deservingness. While giving through philanthropic organizations can be more systematic and focus on long-term benefits, these institutions may reflect the priorities and biases of their founders and supporters rather than principles of equity. Analyses of crowdfunding campaigns show that they also distribute support inequitably as factors such as age, race, education, and location affect their success. Campaigners often rely for donations on their local networks and communities which have varying ability to support these campaigns. In other cases, these fundraisers appeal to strangers in an attempt to raise larger sums of money. In these cases, their success is influenced by factors including the campaigner’s connections to influential people and public appeal.
Misinformation and hate
Authors: Snyder Jeremy 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Individuals and institutions have long supported causes that encourage and spread misinformation and hatred of other groups. Crowdfunding replicates this problem with giving and adds the potential to spread misinformation and hate to a wider audience through the viral effects of social media. Some crowdfunding campaigns raise money based on harmful misinformation, including scientifically unsupported medical procedures. Through these campaigns, they spread unsupported claims that these procedures work to donors and non-donors alike. Similarly, crowdfunding platforms have hosted campaigns for neo-Nazi and white nationalist groups among many other hate-driven causes. The potential of crowdfunding to spread these messages to a wide audience beyond the ranks of donors requires crowdfunding platforms to decide which campaigns they are willing to host.
Introduction
Authors: Valeri Mark 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The introduction illustrates the prevalence of interest in the world’s religions and in conversion from one religion to another during the eighteenth century in New England, and it lays out the thesis of the book. It highlights the political reasons, coming from London, for changes in Protestant discourses of religions around the Revolution of 1688 and engages the relevant scholarly literature on the history of the study of the world’s religions. It compares and contrasts the central argument of the book to intellectual histories of the Enlightenment and the world’s religions during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and to current works coming from the field of religious studies that stress an unchanging essence of Protestant critiques of other religions, imperial agendas, and racialization throughout the modern period and especially in America.
Indian Conversions
Authors: Valeri Mark 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter turns to the impact of the developments discussed in Chapters 4 and 5 on the discourse of conversion and Protestant missions to Native Americans from 1725 to 1765. New ideas about the importance of moral liberty and noncoerciveness to Britain’s well-being led Protestants to redefine conversion as the willful and voluntary choice of one’s religious identity. As a result, Protestant missionaries to Indigenous people in New England, New York, and New Jersey attempted to persuade Indigenous people of the moral appeal of Christianity. They assumed accordingly that they shared concepts of moral reason—of the pains and perplexities of human life—with their Indigenous interlocutors even before Christianization. As a result, they jettisoned older civilizing or Anglicizing mandates and confirmed many aspects of Indigenous cultures as compatible with Christianity, apart from English modes of life and before conversion.
Foundations
Authors: Smith Lionel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter sets out the ambitions of the project. It defines scope and terminology, and it outlines the overall ambitions and arguments of the book. This chapter explains why I have chosen to use the term ‘administration’ as a generic term for situations where a person holds legal powers but is not free to use them as they wish. The idea is that this term (unlike, for example, ‘fiduciary’) is neutral as between private law and public law, and as between common law and civil law. This chapter also aims to show both the unity of the subject matter—all the situations in which we hold legal powers for the benefit of others—and its diversity. In this regard, the chapter points out a range of features that exist in some, but not all, of the relationships that the book studies.
Foundations of Public Law Administration
Authors: Smith Lionel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Chapter 9 introduces the idea of public law administration. All relationships are ones in which someone holds legal powers but not for their own benefit; in public law administration, unlike in private law administration, these powers are held for a public purpose rather than for the benefit of another person. The chapter begins by explaining the goals of this Part of the book and how it relates to certain debates in public law. It goes on to explain how the distinction is drawn between private law administration and public law administration for the purposes of this study, and it goes on to elucidate this distinction by exploring and discussing some borderline cases.
Spheres of Public Law Administration
Authors: Smith Lionel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The goal of this chapter is to take an overview of the different spheres of public law administration and to assess to what extent there are legally enforceable norms that are founded on the same justificatory principles as those that apply in private law administration. These principles are the following: that powers must be used for the purpose for which they were granted; that they may not be used in conflict situations unless the conflict is properly managed; that unauthorized profits and relevant information cannot be retained but must be given up; and that reasonable care must be taken in administration. The argument is that ideas of ‘public trust’ are not solely relevant to political theory, because there are indeed legally enforceable norms of this kind in the public sphere. They are visible in relation to all branches of the State. However, there is inevitably considerable variation across contexts and across legal systems, which leads to reflection avenues for law reform.
Introduction
Authors: Plantinga Carl 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The introduction argues for the importance of screen stories in relation to moral understanding, first discussing the fundamental role of storytelling in human cultures, then moving into the specific nature of moving-image narratives and the institutional contexts in which they are seen. The introduction also discusses the interdisciplinary nature of the book, with chapters coming from scholars representing various disciplines and their methodologies and terminologies. It identifies and discusses aesthetic cognitivism, the idea that one benefit of the arts is the cognitive benefits they provide. In this case the cognitive benefit in question is moral understanding. Last, the introduction surveys the outline of the book, with its sections on the nature of moral understanding, transfer and cultivation, affect, character engagement, and the reflective afterlife of screen stories.
Understanding (Mis)understanding: Sally Be a Lamb
Authors: Taylor Paul C. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues for a personalist perspective on ethical understanding and provides a survey of obstacles to understanding using the filmed version of Hamilton as an example. The film shows a limited feeling for female characters and an inability to see the rape of Sally Hemings by Thomas Jefferson as morally serious. The tone is wrong, suggesting a simultaneous failure of craft and ethical sensitivity. The chapter suggests that the problem here could be a difference between “forms of ethical life” and that personalism calls us to locate ourselves within a sociohistorical and ethical context. Screen stories can promote ethical understanding by exploiting teachable moments and current controversies and because film is a medium that reaches millions of people.
Moral Cultivation
Authors: Bilandzic Helena 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter surveys what we know about screen stories and moral cultivation. “Cultivation analysis” is “the long-term, cumulative shaping of the audience’s perceptions, expectations, and thinking about good and bad behavior.” The assumption is that moral development is a lifelong process shaped in large part by socialization in relation to parents and peers. Nonetheless, media narratives can contribute to this development through repeated, constant, and intensive exposures. Various moral cultivation outcomes include general estimates of norm violations (e.g., mean world syndrome), moral values, moral reasoning, moral judgment, and moral sensitivity. These long-term effects are made salient by contemporary patterns of viewing, including streaming, in which liking and effect are followed by more exposure to the same shows or genres.