bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terpenoids from Myrrh and Their Cytotoxic Activity against HeLa Cells
Authors: Kuck Katrin , Unterholzner Anna , Lipowicz Bartosz , Schwindl Sebastian , Jürgenliemk Guido , Schmidt Thomas J. , Heilmann Jörg 
Published: February 2023

The oleo–gum resin of Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. has a long history of medicinal use, although many of its constituents are still unknown. In the present investigation, 34 secondary metabolites were isolated from myrrh resin using different chromatographic techniques (silica flash chromatography, CPC, and preparative HPLC) and their structures were elucidated with NMR spectroscopy, HRESIMS, CD spectroscopy, and ECD calculations. Among the isolated substances are seven sesquiterpenes (1–7), one disesquiterpene (8), and two triterpenes (23, 24), which were hitherto unknown, and numerous substances are described here for the first time for C. myrrha or the genus Commiphora. Furthermore, the effects of selected terpenes on cervix cancer cells (HeLa) were studied in an MTT-based in vitro assay. Three triterpenes were observed to be the most toxic with moderate IC50 values of 60.3 (29), 74.5 (33), and 78.9 µM (26). Due to the different activity of the structurally similar triterpenoids, the impact of different structural elements on the cytotoxic effect could be discussed and linked to the presence of a 1,2,3-trihydroxy substructure in the A ring. The influence on TNF-α dependent expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) was also tested for 4–6, 9–11, 17, 18, 20, and 27 in vitro, but revealed less than 20% ICAM-1 reduction and, therefore, no significant anti-inflammatory activity.
What influences GPs use of pelvic examination? A qualitative investigation in primary care
Authors: Williams Pauline , Murchie Peter , Cruickshank Maggie E , Bond Christine M , Burton Christopher D 
Published: February 2023

Background
Omission of pelvic examination (PE) has been associated with diagnostic delay in women diagnosed with gynaecological cancer. However, PEs are often not carried out by GPs.

Aim
To determine the perceptions of GPs about the role of PEs, the barriers to and facilitators of PEs, and GPs experience of PEs in practice.

Design and setting
Qualitative semi-structured interview study conducted in one health board in Scotland (mixed urban and rural) with an approximate population of 500 000.

Method
Interviews were conducted face-to-face or by telephone between March and June 2019. Framework analysis used the COM-B behaviour change model concepts of capability, opportunity, and motivation.

Results
Data was compatible with all three domains of the COM-B framework. Capability related to training in and maintenance of skills. These went beyond carrying out the examination to interpreting it reliably. Opportunity related to the clinical environment and the provision of chaperones for intimate examination. Interviewees described a range of motivations towards or against PEs that were unrelated to either capability or opportunity. These all related to providing high-quality care, but this was defined in different ways: doing what is best for the individual, doctors examine, and GPs as pragmatists.

Conclusion
GPs reasons for carrying out, or not carrying out, PEs in women with symptoms potentially indicating cancer are complex. The COM-B framework provides a way of understanding this complexity. Interventions to increase the use of PEs, and critics of its non-use, need to consider these multiple factors.
Urine Complement Factor Ba Is Associated with AKI in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Stenson Erin K. , Edelstein Charles L. , You Zhiying , Miyazaki-Anzai Shinobu , Thurman Joshua M. , Dixon Bradley P. , Zappitelli Michael , Goldstein Stuart L. , Akcan Arikan Ayse , Kendrick Jessica 
Published: February 2023

Key Points

Complement activation, specifically factor B, is implicated in AKI pathogenesis in animal models.Urine Ba (an activation fragment of factor B) was significantly higher in critically ill children with stage 3 AKI and sepsis-AKI.If larger studies show similar association between urine Ba and AKI severity, clinical trials of factor B inhibition are warranted.

Background:
Critically ill children with AKI have high morbidity and mortality rates and lack treatment options. Complement activation is implicated in AKI pathogenesis, which could be treated with complement-targeted therapeutics. We assessed for an association between urine Ba, an activation fragment of the alternative complement pathway, and AKI in a large cohort of critically ill children.

Methods:
A biorepository of children requiring mechanical ventilation was leveraged. AKI was based on pediatric version of the RIFLE criteria—stage 1: 25% decreased eGFR or urine output (UOP) <0.5ml/kg per hour for 8 hours; stage 2: 50% decreased eGFR or UOP <0.5 ml/kg per hour for 16 hours; stage 3: 75% decreased eGFR or UOP <0.3ml/kg per hour for 24 hours or anuric for 12 hours. ELISAs were performed to quantitate urine Ba values. Log Ba was used in ANOVA with pairwise comparison by the Tukey method. Logistic regression was performed to test the association between urine Ba and AKI diagnosis.

Results:
Seventy-three patients were included, of which 56 had AKI: 26 (46%) stage 1, 16 (29%) stage 2, and 14 (25%) stage 3. Ba was significantly higher in patients with stage 3 AKI compared with all other stages. Ba was higher in sepsis-associated AKI compared with non–sepsis-associated AKI. Multivariate analysis included urine Ba, urine IL-18, urine NGAL, sepsis, and Pediatric Risk of Mortality Scores-II (an estimate of illness severity) and showed a significant association between urine Ba and AKI (odds ratio 1.57, 95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 2.20; P 0.007).

Conclusion:
Urine Ba is significantly increased in patients with AKI compared with patients without AKI. In patients with similar illness severity, a doubling of urine Ba level was associated with a 57% increase in AKI diagnosis of any stage. Further studies are needed to study complement inhibition in treatment or prevention of AKI in critically ill children.
Mode analysis of GaN two-dimensional photonic crystal nanocavities undercut by photo-electrochemical etching
Authors: Tajiri T. , Yoshida M. , Sosumi S. , Shimoyoshi K. , Uchida K. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
GaN two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal nanocavities with a single embedded InGaN quantum well are undercut by photo-electrochemical (PEC) etching and optically characterized to investigate the fundamental mode. The PEC etching selectively removes an InGaN-based sacrificial layer to form air-suspended GaN photonic crystal cavity slabs. We investigated the resonant modes of the photonic crystal nanocavities by micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy measurement at room temperature. The wavelengths of the measured resonant peaks and their dependence on the photonic crystal period agreed well with numerical analysis, allowing us to determine the fundamental mode in the measured spectra. The highest quality factor for the fundamental mode reached 3400 at blue wavelengths. This work would contribute to the improvement of GaN 2D photonic crystal nanocavities using PEC etching as well as their applications towards integrated light sources in visible wavelengths.
Axial transmission technique for screening bucked shin in a horse leg
Authors: Tsubata Taisei , Suzuyama Hidehisa , Chiba Ko , Mita Hiroshi , Tamura Norihisa , Matsukawa Mami 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
For the safe and simple screening of equine leg bones, we applied an ultrasonic axial transmission (AT) technique to an equine bone sample with a weak bucked shin. Both experimental and simulation studies have been conducted. To simulate by the finite-difference time-domain method, a digital model of the equine leg bone was fabricated. The experimental and simulation results showed a similar tendency. The obtained apparent wave velocities in the axial direction were almost constant in the healthy part but strongly fluctuated in the bucked shin part because of the small surface irregularities. The standard deviation values of the wave velocities in the bucked shin parts were large. These results indicate that a weak bucked shin in the equine leg bone may be screened clinically by a simple evaluation of velocity fluctuation using the AT technique.
Comprehensive studies on deep learning applicable to TCAD
Authors: Myung Sanghoon , Choi Byungseon , Jang Wonik , Kim Jinwoo , Huh In , Choe Jae Myung , Kim Young-Gu , Kim Dae Sin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation has incessantly solved many complex problems, but it becomes demanding that alternatives be found because TCAD simulation cannot provide precise and fast prediction in the nano-scale era. With the success story of deep learning in research area, many big data companies have attempted to introduce deep learning to support or replace TCAD simulation. The reason is deep learning models have great potential that solves the problems of the TCAD simulation in terms of execution time and coverage. This paper aims to describe various scenarios of deep learning applicable to TCAD. We first describe an application that supplies TCAD data to the deep learning model although TCAD simulation is not calibrated. We then review various approaches that mimic TCAD simulation itself. We finally introduce an application that deep learning model automatically calibrates TCAD models to the measurement without experts. In each scenario, we review the related papers and compare pros and cons.
Emotions, Vulnerability, and Dependency in Student Research Abroad: An Ethics of Care Toolkit
Authors: MacCartney Danielle , Parsons Kate 
Published: February 2023

While leading students to Thailand for an eight-week undergraduate research experience, we observed challenges in stacking the high-impact practices of study abroad and undergraduate research and became compelled by the usefulness of an Ethics of Care approach to facilitate the kind of transformation these practices can have for students. We observed students during the trip and conducted interviews with them after the trip. From those observations and interviews, we conclude that Care Ethics is particularly helpful for mitigating the risks of emotional exhaustion, for navigating dependency and vulnerability, and for re-framing student difficulties in positively transformative ways. Faculty can facilitate the advantages of high-impact practices by: treating emotions as pedagogical sources for learning; acknowledging dependencies; identifying vulnerabilities; devoting attention to how public and private spaces are framed; and cultivating care as a feminist and anti-racist practice.
Abstract in Spanish
Mientras guiábamos a un grupo de estudiantes a Tailandia para una experiencia de investigación de pregrado, observamos desafíos al combinar prácticas de alto impacto. Combinabamos los estudios en el extranjero e investigación de pregrado, y para enfrentar los desafios que surgieron, adoptamos un enfoque de ética del cuidado. Observamos a los estudiantes durante el viaje y realizamos entrevistas con ellos después del viaje. A partir de esas observaciones y entrevistas, concluimos que la ética del cuidado es particularmente útil para mitigar los riesgos del agotamiento emocional, para navegar por la dependencia y la vulnerabilidad, y para reformular las dificultades de los estudiantes de manera positivamente transformadora. El profesorado puede facilitar las ventajas de las prácticas de alto impacto al: considerar las emociones como fuentes pedagógicas para el aprendizaje; reconocimento de las dependencias; identificación de las vulnerabilidades; atención a cómo se enmarcan los espacios públicos y privados; y cultivo del cuidado como práctica feminista y antirracista.
Overview of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors Related to Halitosis in Online Motorcycle Taxi Drivers in Sei Putih Tengah Sub District, Petisah District, Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Erawati Suci , Idamawati Nababan  , Anisa Ulfah  
Published: February 2023

Background: Halitosis is a sign of dental and oral health problems. Halitosis is characterized by the presence of an unpleasant odor in the oral cavity. Halitosis is caused by many things, one of which is a result of impaired saliva production, which is caused by smoking. Online motorcycle taxi drivers are in a community that is very close to smoking. This study aimed to provide an overview of aspects of knowledge, attitudes, and behavior related to halitosis in online motorcycle taxi drivers in Sei Putih Tengah Sub District, Petisah District, Medan, Indonesia.
Methods: Descriptive observational study. A total of 36 research subjects, namely online motorcycle taxi drivers, participated in this study. Observation of knowledge, attitudes, and behavior refers to a questionnaire developed by the halitosis clinic at the University of Basel, Switzerland. Univariate analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS software.
Results: The majority of research subjects are independently aware of bad breath and experience similar complaints <1 year. The majority of research subjects felt bad breath after waking up in the morning. The majority of research subjects also stated that dentists were the choice for consultation regarding bad breath disorders. The majority of research subjects know the origin of bad breath, the source of bad breath, and know that smoking is the cause of bad breath. Most research subjects did not feel ashamed of other people even though they felt they had bad breath.
Conclusion: Knowledge and behavior related to halitosis are good, although attitudes related to halitosis are not good among online motorcycle taxi drivers in Sei Putih Tengah Sub District, Petisah District, Medan, Indonesia.
First Detection of Radio Emission Associated with a Classical Cepheid
Authors: Matthews L. D. , Evans N. R. , Rupen M. P. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We report the detection of 15 GHz radio continuum emission associated with the classical Cepheid variable star δ Cephei (δ Cep) based on observations with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. Our results constitute the first probable detection of radio continuum emission from a classical Cepheid. We observed the star at pulsation phase ϕ ≈ 0.43 (corresponding to the phase of maximum radius and minimum temperature) during three pulsation cycles in late 2018 and detected statistically significant emission (>5σ) during one of the three epochs. The observed radio emission appears to be variable at a ≳10% level on timescales of days to weeks. We also present an upper limit on the 10 GHz flux density at pulsation phase ϕ = 0.31 from an observation in 2014. We discuss possible mechanisms that may produce the observed 15 GHz emission, but cannot make a conclusive identification from the present data. The emission does not appear to be consistent with originating from a close-in, late-type dwarf companion, although this scenario cannot yet be strictly excluded. Previous X-ray observations have shown that δ Cep undergoes periodic increases in X-ray flux during pulsation phase ϕ ≈ 0.43. The lack of radio detection in two out of three observing epochs at ϕ ≈ 0.43 suggests that either the radio emission is not linked with a particular pulsation phase, or else that the strength of the generated radio emission in each pulsation cycle is variable.
Reverberation Mapping of IC 4329A
Authors: Bentz Misty C. , Onken Christopher A. , Street Rachel , Valluri Monica 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We present the results of a new reverberation mapping campaign for the broad-line active galactic nucleus (AGN) in the edge-on spiral IC 4329A. Monitoring of the optical continuum with V-band photometry and broad emission-line flux variability with moderate-resolution spectroscopy allowed emission-line light curves to be measured for Hβ, Hγ, and He ii
λ4686. We find a time delay of

16.3

−
2.3

+
2.6

days for Hβ, a similar time delay of

16.0

−
2.6

+
4.8

days for Hγ, and an unresolved time delay of

−

0.6

−
3.9

+
3.9

days for He ii. The time delay for Hβ is consistent with the predicted value from the relationship between AGN luminosity and broad-line region radius, after correction for the ∼2.4 mag of intrinsic extinction at 5100 Å. Combining the measured time delay for Hβ with the broad emission-line width and an adopted value of 〈f〉 = 4.8, we find a central supermassive black hole mass of

M

BH

=

6.8

−
1.1

+
1.2

×

10

7

M
⊙. Velocity-resolved time delays were measured across the broad Hβ emission-line profile and may be consistent with an “M”-like shape. Modeling of the full reverberation response of Hβ was able to provide only modest constraints on some parameters, but does exhibit agreement with the black hole mass and average time delay. The models also suggest that the AGN structure is misaligned by a large amount from the edge-on galaxy disk. This is consistent with expectations from the unified model of AGNs, in which broad emission lines are expected to be visible only for AGNs that are viewed at relatively face-on inclinations.
Robust Field-level Inference of Cosmological Parameters with Dark Matter Halos
Authors: Shao Helen , Villaescusa-Navarro Francisco , Villanueva-Domingo Pablo , Teyssier Romain , Garrison Lehman H. , Gatti Marco , Inman Derek , Ni Yueying , Steinwandel Ulrich P. , Kulkarni Mihir , Visbal Eli , Bryan Greg L. , Anglés-Alcázar Daniel , Castro Tiago , Hernández-Martínez Elena , Dolag Klaus 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We train graph neural networks on halo catalogs from Gadget N-body simulations to perform field-level likelihood-free inference of cosmological parameters. The catalogs contain ≲5000 halos with masses ≳1010
h
−1
M
⊙ in a periodic volume of

(
25

h

−
1

Mpc
)

3

; every halo in the catalog is characterized by several properties such as position, mass, velocity, concentration, and maximum circular velocity. Our models, built to be permutationally, translationally, and rotationally invariant, do not impose a minimum scale on which to extract information and are able to infer the values of Ωm and σ
8 with a mean relative error of ∼6%, when using positions plus velocities and positions plus masses, respectively. More importantly, we find that our models are very robust: they can infer the value of Ωm and σ
8 when tested using halo catalogs from thousands of N-body simulations run with five different N-body codes: Abacus, CUBEP3M, Enzo, PKDGrav3, and Ramses. Surprisingly, the model trained to infer Ωm also works when tested on thousands of state-of-the-art CAMELS hydrodynamic simulations run with four different codes and subgrid physics implementations. Using halo properties such as concentration and maximum circular velocity allow our models to extract more information, at the expense of breaking the robustness of the models. This may happen because the different N-body codes are not converged on the relevant scales corresponding to these parameters.
Synchrotron Firehose Instability
Authors: Zhdankin Vladimir , Kunz Matthew W. , Uzdensky Dmitri A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We demonstrate using linear theory and particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations that a synchrotron-cooling collisionless plasma acquires pressure anisotropy and, if the plasma beta is sufficiently high, becomes unstable to the firehose instability, in a process that we dub the synchrotron firehose instability (SFHI). The SFHI channels free energy from the pressure anisotropy of the radiating, relativistic electrons (and/or positrons) into small-amplitude, kinetic-scale, magnetic-field fluctuations, which pitch-angle scatter the particles and bring the plasma to a near-thermal state of marginal instability. The PIC simulations reveal a nonlinear cyclic evolution of firehose bursts interspersed by periods of stable cooling. We compare the SFHI for electron–positron and electron–ion plasmas. As a byproduct of the growing electron-firehose magnetic-field fluctuations, magnetized ions gain a pressure anisotropy opposite to that of the electrons. If these ions are relativistically hot, we find that they also experience cooling due to collisionless thermal coupling with the electrons, which we argue is mediated by a secondary ion-cyclotron instability. We suggest that the SFHI may be activated in a number of astrophysical scenarios, such as within ejecta from black hole accretion flows and relativistic jets, where the redistribution of energetic electrons from low to high pitch angles may cause transient bursts of radiation.
A Plausible Model for the Galactic Extended Red Emission: Graphene Exposed to Far-ultraviolet Light
Authors: Chou Sheng-Lung , Shih Wen-Bing , Yang Min-Zhen , Huang Tzu-Ping , Lin Shu-Yu , Lin Meng-Yeh , Huang Wen-Jian , Men Chu Che , Woon Wei-Yen , Lee Yin-Yu , Lee Yuan-Pern , Wu Yu-Jong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Extended red emission (ERE) is a broad feature in the spectral region of 500–900 nm commonly observed in a wide range of circumstellar and interstellar environments. Although the observational constraints for ERE are well established, definitive identifications of the carriers and associated processes complying with these constraints remain unanswered. We report a plausible two-step model involving far-ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated single-layer graphene (SLG), considered as large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, to meet these constraints and supported by laboratory experiments. The far-UV-treated SLG, producing structural defects and graphene quantum dots, showed photoluminescence excitation spectrum extending from the far-UV to UV–visible region, hence meeting the requirements of far-UV light and high photon conversion efficiency. Furthermore, a photoluminescence band shifted from ∼585 to ∼750 nm for high-dose-exposed SLG agrees with the observed redshift of the ERE band in regions under a greater far-UV radiation density.
Quasar Properties from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. III. The Quasars Obtained by the SDSS-IV
Authors: Huang Wei-Rong , Chen Zhe-Geng , Chen Zhi-Fu , Li Xiao-Feng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper provides the compilations of properties of the quasars newly obtained by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) during the fourth stage (SDSS-IV). The catalog is available on the journal's website. We have measured the main properties of emission lines around C iv, Mg ii, Hβ, and Hα spectral regions. We estimate the quasar redshifts from our fits of narrow [O iii], broad Mg ii, and broad C iv emission lines and find that the best redshifts included in DR16Q are robust with respect to our measurements. Based on the broad C iv, Mg ii, Hβ, and/or Hα emission lines, we calculate the virial black hole mass with empirical relationships provided by previous works. Systematic biases are found among the different line-based mass estimators.