bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Impact of Multiplex Molecular Diagnostic Testing in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis Presenting to An Emergency Department: A Multicenter Prospective Study
Authors: Pavia Andrew T. , Cohen Daniel M. , Leber Amy L. , Daly Judy A. , Jackson Jami T. , Selvarangan Rangaraj , Kanwar Neena , Bender Jeffrey M. , Bard Jennifer Dien , Festekjian Ara , Duffy Susan , Larsen Chari , Holmberg Kristen M. , Bardsley Tyler , Haaland Benjamin , Bourzac Kevin M. , Stockmann Christopher , Chapin Kimberle C. , Leung Daniel T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundMultiplex molecular diagnostic panels have greatly enhanced detection of gastrointestinal pathogens. However, data on the impact of these tests on clinical and patient-centered outcomes are limited.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, multicenter, stepped-wedge trial to determine the impact of multiplex molecular testing at five academic children’s hospitals in children presenting to the ED with acute gastroenteritis. Caregivers were interviewed on enrollment and again 7-10 days after enrollment to determine symptoms, risk factors, subsequent medical visits, and impact on family members. During the pre-intervention period, diagnostic testing was performed at the discretion of clinicians. During the intervention period, multiplex molecular testing was performed on all children with results available to clinicians. Primary outcome was return visits to a health care provider within 10 days of enrollment.ResultsPotential pathogens were identified by clinician ordered tests in 19/571 (3.3%) in the pre-intervention period compared to 434/586 (74%) in the intervention period; clinically relevant pathogens were detected in 2.1% and 15% respectively. In the multivariate model adjusting for potential confounders, the intervention was associated with a 21% reduction in the odds of any return visit (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.70-0.90). Appropriate treatment was prescribed in 11.3% compared to 19.6% during the intervention period(P=0.22).ConclusionsRoutine molecular multiplex testing for all children presenting to the ED with AGE detected more clinically relevant pathogens and led to a 21% decrease in return visits. Additional research is needed to define patients most likely to benefit from testing.
The Use of Machine Learning Methods in Neurodegenerative Disease Research: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ciampi Antonio , Rouette Julie , Pellegrini Fabio , Simoneau Gabrielle , Caba Bastien , Gafson Arie , de Moor Carl , Belachew Shibeshih 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMachine learning (ML) methods are increasingly used in clinical research, but their extent is complex and largely unknown in the field of neurodegenerative diseases (ND). This scoping review describes state-of-the-art ML in ND research using MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Ovid), Central (Cochrane), and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Xplore. Included articles, published between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2020, used patient data on Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, or Huntington’s disease that employed ML methods during primary analysis. One reviewer screened citations for inclusion; 5 conducted data extraction. For each article, we abstracted the type of ND; publication year; sample size; ML algorithm data type; primary clinical goal (disease diagnosis/prognosis/prediction of treatment effect); and ML method type. Quantitative and qualitative syntheses of the results were conducted. After screening 4,471 citations and searching 1,677 full-text articles, 1,485 articles were included. The number of articles using ML methods in ND research increased from 172 in 2016 to 490 in 2020, with most of those in Alzheimer’s disease. The most common data type was imaging data (46.9% of articles), followed by functional (20.6%), clinical (14.2%), biospecimen (6.2%), genetic (5.9%), electrophysiological (5.1%), and molecular (1.1%). Overall, 68.5% of imaging data studies were in Alzheimer’s disease and 75.9% of functional data studies were in Parkinson’s disease. Disease diagnosis was the most common clinical aim in studies using ML methods (73.5%), followed by disease prognosis (21.4%) and prediction of treatment effect (13.5%). We extracted 2,734 ML methods, with support vector machine (n=651, 23.8%), random forest (n=310, 11.3%), and convolutional neural network (n=166, 6.1%) representing the majority. Finally, we identified 322 unique ML methods. There are opportunities for additional research using ML methods for disease prognosis and prediction of treatment effect. Addressing these utilization gaps will be important in future studies.Author SummaryFew state-of-the-art scientific updates have been targeted for broader readerships without indulging in technical jargon. We have learned a lot from Judea Pearl on how to put things into context and make them clear. In this review paper, we identify machine learning methods used in the realm of neurodegenerative diseases and describe how the use of these methods can be enhanced in neurodegenerative disease research.
Structure of Orthoreovirus RNA Chaperone σNS, a Component of Viral Replication Factories
Authors: Zhao Boyang , Hu Liya , Kaundal Soni , Neetu Neetu , Lee Christopher H. , Somoulay Xayathed , Sankaran Banumathi , Taylor Gwen M. , Dermody Terence S. , Venkataram Prasad B. V. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe reovirus σNS RNA-binding protein is required for formation of intracellular compartments during viral infection that support viral genome replication and capsid assembly. Despite its functional importance, a mechanistic understanding of σNS is lacking. We conducted structural and biochemical analyses of an R6A mutant of σNS that forms dimers instead of the higher-order oligomers formed by wildtype (WT) σNS. The crystal structure of selenomethionine-substituted σNS-R6A reveals that the mutant protein forms a stable antiparallel dimer, with each subunit having a well-folded central core and a projecting N-terminal arm. The dimers interact with each other by inserting the N-terminal arms into a hydrophobic pocket of the neighboring dimers on either side to form a helical assembly that resembles filaments of WT σNS in complex with RNA observed using cryo-EM. The interior of the crystallographic helical assembly is positively charged and of appropriate diameter to bind RNA. The helical assembly is disrupted by bile acids, which bind to the same hydrophobic pocket as the N-terminal arm, as demonstrated in the crystal structure of σNS-R6A in complex with bile acid. This finding suggests that the N-terminal arm functions in conferring context-dependent oligomeric states of σNS, which is supported by the structure of σNS lacking the N-terminal arm. We discovered that σNS displays RNA helix destabilizing and annealing activities, likely essential for presenting mRNA to the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase for genome replication. The RNA chaperone activity is reduced by bile acids and abolished by N-terminal arm deletion, suggesting that the activity requires formation of σNS oligomers. Our studies provide structural and mechanistic insights into the function of σNS in reovirus replication.
Revisiting the impact of Liverpool as ECoC 2008: the lost opportunity to reconcile cultural policy and evaluation
Authors: Crone Stephen , Ganga Rafaela 
Published: August 2023

PurposeIn this paper, the authors reflect critically on their experience as researchers on the Impacts 18 programme: a re-study concerned with the long-term effects of Liverpool European Capital of Culture (ECoC) 2008. Situating Impacts 18 at the confluence of three important debates within the cultural policy field, the paper considers the causation, nature and significance of the shortcomings of the research, with a view to advancing cultural evaluation practices and encouraging re-studies in a field where they are seldom used.Design/methodology/approachThe authors draw on documentary analysis of unpublished research outputs, along with their own research notes and critical reflections. The paper focuses on two projects from the Impacts 18 programme, in particular, in order to illustrate the broader issues raised in terms of the epistemological framing, methodological design and execution of the Impacts 18 research.FindingsThe paper highlights and explores the various issues that affected Impacts 18 in terms of its epistemological framing and methodological design, as well as problems encountered in terms of data management and stakeholder relationships.Originality/valueAs a large-scale re-study of a cultural event, Impacts 18 represents an exceedingly rare occurrence, despite the acknowledged dearth of evidence on the longer-term impacts of such events. Similarly unusual, however, are critical and candid retrospectives from research authors themselves. The paper is thus doubly unusual, in these two respects, and should help to advance research practice in an under-researched area.
Development of a mobile Web library application for an institutional repository and investigation of its influences on learning
Authors: Nguyen Hien Thi Thanh , Hwang Wu-Yuin , Pham Thao , Truong Tuyen Thi Thanh , Chang Hsin-Wei 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
This study aims to examine the effects of the proposed mobile Web library application (MWLA) on the search experience and its impact on learners’ engagement, interaction and overall learning outcomes within an institutional repository. Furthermore, the study investigates learners’ acceptance of the MWLA system.

Design/methodology/approach
The study suggests implementing an MWLA with Algolia’s search service to improve the institutional repository and enhance learners’ access to reliable information. It involved an experiment with 85 undergraduate students divided into experimental and control groups (CGs), where the experimental group (EG) used MWLA for search tasks, and the CG used the traditional library website. The study evaluated the acceptance and learning behaviours of the EG towards MWLA, considering factors such as usefulness, ease of use, mobility, accessibility, satisfaction and intention to use.

Findings
The findings of this study provide empirical evidence that the EG, which used the MWLA, demonstrated superior performance compared to the CG across all institutional repository collections, resulting in improved learning outcomes. Participants were highly satisfied with MWLA and found it user-friendly and beneficial for improving search skills. MWLA’s portability and accessibility motivated active learner engagement.

Originality/value
The powerful search bar of MWLA significantly enhanced learners’ search efficiency, resulting in more effective retrieval of relevant materials. Moreover, learners who actively engaged with previews and full-text content, using appropriate keywords and syntax, achieved higher scores and were more likely to access previews, abstracts and full texts of documents using the sorting-by-year or by-advisor feature.
Overeducation and childcare time
Authors: Kucel Aleksander , Vilalta-Bufí Montserrat 
Published: August 2023

PurposeResearch shows that parental employment and education status affect the amount of parental childcare time, which is a fundamental determinant of children's outcomes. In this paper, the authors study whether being overeducated – working in a job that requires less education than the level of education acquired – is related to the time parents devote to their children.Design/methodology/approachThe authors set two main hypotheses. First, overeducation might lead to more childcare time if being overeducated is the result of the individual prioritizing family over career. Second, overeducation might lead to less childcare time if overeducation is the result of lower ability. The authors estimate time use equations using the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) from 2004 to 2019.FindingsThe authors find that overeducated parents devote less time to childcare than matched parents, especially in the weekend sample. The authors’ results suggest that overeducation is not a deliberate choice prioritizing family over career.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study on the implications of being overeducated on childcare.
Does tax avoidance impair accounting comparability?
Authors: Baker Paul L. , Lyu Peiwei , Perotti Pietro 
Published: August 2023

PurposeThis paper examines the relationship between tax avoidance and accounting comparability. The authors argue that aggressive tax behavior impairs the comparability of financial statements by altering the accounting function, which maps economic events into accounting data.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical analysis is based on a large sample of United States (US) firms. The authors use raw and industry-adjusted effective tax rates (ETRs) to proxy tax avoidance. The authors use the measure of accounting comparability developed by De Franco et al. (2011), which aims to capture the similarity of the accounting function.FindingsThe authors find that firms with more aggressive tax avoidance strategies have substantially lower accounting comparability. The evidence also shows that the negative effect of tax avoidance on accounting comparability is driven by firms with aggressive tax planning strategies beyond the industry norm. Furthermore, using an alternative measure of accounting comparability as a function of pre-tax income, the authors continue to find evidence of the negative effect of tax avoidance behavior. Importantly, this provides evidence that the effect of aggressive tax planning is not limited to the reported tax expense, but affects the comparability of the overall financial reporting system.Originality/valueThe authors identify a new potential cost of tax aggressive activities, being the loss of accounting comparability as driven by tax aggressive activities. The results contribute to the literature on the costs of tax avoidance and on the determinants of accounting comparability.
Professional tacit knowledge sharing in practice. Agency, boundaries, and commitment
Authors: van Houten Maarten Matheus 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to gain insight into the dynamics and considerations of professionals regarding the sharing of tacit, personal knowledge in their practice.

Design/methodology/approach
Adopting a social-constructivist ontology, the qualitative design deploys semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Data were coded, and analysed through interrelating and reasoning.

Findings
Personal knowledge is difficult to share precisely, but can be shared to some extent using reflection and stories. Knowledge also provides a position and professional agency, emphasising boundaries and impacting the decisions on interaction and sharing. As such, professional commitment is vulnerable and contextual and, by extension, material becomes part of this interplay of professional practice and collaborative development.

Research limitations/implications
Findings imply that exchange and use of knowledge and material present in organisations are impacted by individual professionals’ autonomy and decisions, which consequently impact on employees’ practice. This calls for research that focuses on individual factors such as autonomy, professionalism and attitudes in addition to organisational and facilitative matters.

Practical implications
Stimulating professional commitment and interpersonal learning is a matter of valuing personal knowledge and practice to avoid protectionism, boundaries and segregated agency. Management and professionals should consider how and why individuals exchange their personal knowledge, paying attention to social structures and individuals’ voices and objectives in forming communities.

Originality/value
This study combines the concept of tacit knowledge with the younger field of practice theory. By connecting personal knowledge to practice, it extends agency to the material world and offers a more individual perspective to knowledge sharing in and between entities.
Perceptions of police ineffectiveness and street codes by nationality in South Korea: an application of Anderson's code of the street framework
Authors: Kuen Kiseong , Kwak Hyounggon , Ra Kwang Hyun 
Published: August 2023

PurposeThis study explores the applicability of Anderson's (1999) code of the street framework to an Asian context by examining the relationship between residents' perceptions of police ineffectiveness, nationality, and street codes in foreigner-concentrated areas in South Korea.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used survey data from 1,865 residents of diverse nationalities living in 20 foreigner-concentrated areas in South Korea. Mixed-effects ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and moderation analysis were used to examine (1) the association between residents' perceptions of police ineffectiveness and their street codes and (2) how this association varies across nationality groups.FindingsThe study findings overall indicated that higher resident perceptions of police as ineffective tended to correspond with greater levels of street codes. However, the interaction analysis results found that this relationship was conditioned by nationality. Specifically, perceptions of police ineffectiveness were associated with greater levels of street codes among foreign residents, particularly Korean-Chinese residents, whereas this was not the case among Korean residents.Originality/valueThe relationship between perceptions of the police and street codes described by Anderson (1999) has primarily been examined in the context of the U.S. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study represents the first attempt to explore the link between residents' perceptions of the police and street codes by different nationality groups within an Asian setting.
Expression of interleukin‐36 receptor antagonist in a patient with generalized pustular psoriasis harboring the p.Pro82Leu variant in the IL36RN gene
Authors: Mizukawa Itsumi , Kamata Masahiro , Shimizu Teruo , Ito Makoto , Watanabe Ayu , Uchida Hideaki , Egawa Shota , Nagata Mayumi , Fukaya Saki , Hayashi Kotaro , Fukuyasu Atsuko , Tanaka Takamitsu , Ishikawa Takeko , Sugiura Kazumitsu , Tada Yayoi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIt has recently been revealed that mutation of the IL36RN gene contributes to the development of generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP). The IL36RN gene encodes interleukin (IL)‐36 receptor antagonist (IL‐36Ra), which has antagonistic roles against IL‐36α, ‐36β, and ‐36γ. Previously, sanger sequencing performed in 62 Chinese GPP patients to identify IL36RN mutations revealed a new variant, c.245C>T (p.Pro82Leu), in a single heterozygous state in a patient with adult‐onset GPP with psoriasis vulgaris. Since this p.Pro82Leu variant was not found in the psoriasis vulgaris or control groups in their study, they speculated that this variant might lead to exacerbated inflammatory responses. Meanwhile, Sorting Intolerant From Tolerant and PolyPhen‐2, pathogenicity prediction tools, predict this variant as tolerated and benign. To date, its pathogenicity is unknown. We experienced a patient with GPP harboring the p.Pro82Leu variant, and investigated mRNA and protein expressions of IL‐36Ra. Polymerase chain reaction conducted on hair follicle samples obtained from the scalp of the patient with GPP harboring the p.Pro82Leu using primers to detect mRNA of exons 2 and 5 in IL36RN demonstrated mRNA expression of IL36RN. Immunohistochemical staining revealed IL‐36Ra expression in the keratinocytes of the patient with GPP harboring the p.Pro82Leu as in those of a GPP patient without the mutation (positive control). Furthermore, quantitative analysis of the immunofluorescent staining by ImageJ revealed that the expression level of IL‐36Ra in the keratinocytes of the patient with GPP harboring p.Pro82Leu was higher than that in the healthy control and not lower than that in the GPP patients without the mutation. Our results indicate no aberrant splicing in this variant. In addition, according to the 1000 Genomes Project, this variant could be a founder mutation. Considering these factors together, this variant is unlikely to be associated with the development of GPP.
Anaerobic dissimilatory phosphite oxidation, an extremely efficient concept of microbial electron economy
Authors: Mao Zhuqing , Müller Nicolai , Borusak Sabrina , Schleheck David , Schink Bernhard 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhosphite is a stable phosphorus compound that, together with phosphate, made up a substantial part of the total phosphorus content of the prebiotic Earth's crust. Oxidation of phosphite to phosphate releases electrons at an unusually low redox potential (−690 mV at pH 7.0). Numerous aerobic and anaerobic bacteria use phosphite as a phosphorus source and oxidise it to phosphate for synthesis of nucleotides and other phosphorus‐containing cell constituents. Only two pure cultures of strictly anaerobic bacteria have been isolated so far that use phosphite as an electron donor in their energy metabolism, the Gram‐positive Phosphitispora fastidiosa and the Gram‐negative Desulfotignum phosphitoxidans. The key enzyme of this metabolism is an NAD+‐dependent phosphite dehydrogenase enzyme that phosphorylates AMP to ADP. These phosphorylating phosphite dehydrogenases were found to be related to nucleoside diphosphate sugar epimerases. The produced NADH is channelled into autotrophic CO2 fixation via the Wood‐Ljungdahl (CO‐DH) pathway, thus allowing for nearly complete assimilation of the substrate electrons into bacterial biomass. This extremely efficient type of electron flow connects energy and carbon metabolism directly through NADH and might have been important in the early evolution of life when phosphite was easily available on Earth.
How can trade partners be chosen when facing food scandals? China's milk scandal as a natural experiment
Authors: Yan Wenshou , Cai Yan , Guo Xuan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUsing China's milk scandal as a natural experiment, this paper explores whether the countries of origin and export destinations have the same responses to the original country's food scandal. Our difference‐in‐difference estimation shows that the outbreak of China's milk scandal had asymmetric impacts on China's total imports (increased by 23.4%) and exports (sharply dropped by 65.8%). The results further show that China's milk scandal contributed to import increases from European and Oceanian countries. Moreover, China's milk scandal worsened exports, mainly those going to neighbouring Asian regions but increased exports to Oceania. A product quality index is constructed to explain this finding. Intuitively, consumers' perceived quality of Chinese products declined, and they tended to consume products from other countries. The lower the product quality was with those in China, the lower the perceived quality and safety, thereby affecting demand. During the scandal, Chinese consumers tended to buy high‐quality dairy products from Europe and Oceania rather than the perceived unreliable dairy products produced by China or neighbouring countries. We conclude that product quality plays a key role in imports and exports when facing food scandals.