bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Exploration of Plant Biomass–Species Richness Relationships in Three Subalpine Grasslands on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Mingrui , Liu Shiting , Li Hui , Ning Yumao , De Boeck Hans J. , Liu Yongjie 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimsMultiple studies have addressed the relationship between plant biomass and species richness, often reporting a hump‐shaped curve. However, such research in natural grassland was mostly conducted in temperate, arid and semiarid areas, with few studies focused on subalpine regions. Moreover, in most cases, plant community biomass was the main variable of interest, with few studies considering also plant individual biomass, calculated by dividing plant community biomass by plant abundance.LocationTo explore the relationship between plant biomass and species richness in subalpine regions, a field survey was conducted in three locations with fenced subalpine grasslands on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau in China in 2020 and 2023.MethodsPlant aboveground biomass and species richness were recorded along four transects in each location. Analyses were performed using both plant community biomass and plant individual biomass to test whether using a different biomass measure affected the plant biomass–species richness relationship.ResultsLocation and Year × Location significantly affected species richness, plant community biomass and plant individual biomass. Curve estimations demonstrated a positive nonlinear relationship between plant community biomass and species richness and a negative nonlinear relationship between plant individual biomass and species richness. These patterns were modified by the locations of the three grasslands. Competition can explain some of the different patterns between plant community biomass–species richness relationship and plant individual biomass–species richness relationship.ConclusionsIn general, the choice of biomass approach affected the relationship between plant biomass and species richness in subalpine grasslands, which indicates that plant abundance impacts plant biomass–species richness relationship. Future research should consider further modulators and drivers when exploring the plant biomass–species richness relationship in grasslands in a climate change context.
The Lived Experience of Nurses in Conserving the Dignity of Patients With Life‐Limiting Illnesses
Authors: Wulandari Bertha Tesma , Rochmawati Erna 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTo explore the experiences of nurses in maintaining the dignity of patients with life‐limiting illnesses. A phenomenological study was conducted with 15 purposively selected nurses who provide care for patients with life‐limiting illnesses. Colaizzi's naturalistic phenomenological approach was utilized to analyze the data. The study followed the COREQ guidelines for qualitative research reporting. Three themes emerged: (1) Establishing a therapeutic environment, (2) Respecting the humanity of patients, and (3) Strengthening the spirituality of patients. Building trust, providing compassionate care, and motivating patients are integral to establishing a therapeutic environment. Nurses emphasized enhancing patients' spirituality by encouraging religious rituals and supporting positive interpretations of illness from religious perspectives. Creating a therapeutic environment is fundamental to dignified care. In addition, humanized care and spirituality are critical components of providing dignified care. These findings have implications for nursing practice, education, and policy, highlighting the need to integrate dignity into nursing care through humanized and spiritual/religious support.
Long‐Term Intercropping With Nitrogen Management to Improve Soil Quality and Control Crop Diseases
Authors: Hu Bijie , Zhang Jing , Xiao Jingxiu , Yang Siyin , Dong Kun , Dong Yan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTLong‐term positioning experiments have demonstrated significant benefits in agricultural production and environmental protection. Faba bean‐wheat intercropping with nitrogen fertiliser can effectively mitigate the occurrence of faba bean wilt disease. Identifying the optimal nitrogen application rate is essential for enhancing the disease control efficacy of intercropping. This study aimed to investigate the long‐term effects of varying nitrogen application levels on the physical, chemical, and biological changes in the rhizosphere soil of faba bean under intercropping conditions and to examine their relationship with the incidence of faba bean wilt disease. In a 9‐year field experiment, two treatments of faba bean‐wheat intercropping for 1 year (IF‐1) and 9 years (IF‐9) were established to investigate the incidence of faba bean wilt under four nitrogen levels (N0: 0 kg ha−1; N1: 45 kg ha−1; N2: 90 kg ha−1; N3: 135 kg ha−1). Rhizosphere soil from faba bean plants was collected to assess the corresponding physical, chemical, and biological indicators. Long‐term intercropping promoted the growth of faba bean plants and effectively controlled faba bean wilt disease by improving soil structure and fertility and soil quality (SQI). Under different nitrogen application levels, certain soil physical properties (moisture content, macroaggregate proportion, MWD, and GMD) and chemical properties (SOM, total carbon, SOC, total nutrients, and available nutrients) peaked under N2 (90 kg ha−1), with SQI showing a similar trend. Additionally, long‐term intercropping enhanced enzyme activity in the faba bean rhizosphere, reshaped microbial community composition, maximised the benefits of beneficial microbes, reduced the abundance of the pathogenic fungus Fusarium, and achieved optimal disease control under N2. Under long‐term intercropping with nitrogen fertiliser application at N2 (90 kg ha−1), the physical structure of the faba bean rhizosphere soil was significantly improved, soil quality and fertility were enhanced, and the abundance of plant pathogens was reduced by modifying the microbial community composition. This effectively alleviated faba bean disease, promoted healthy plant growth, and maintained soil function.
The Impact of Relocations Within Nursing Home Care on Long‐Term Care Residents According to Stakeholders: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Schreuder Miranda C. , Landeweer Elleke G. M. , Perry Marieke , Zuidema Sytse U. ,   the RELOCARE Consortium
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionNursing home residents can be faced with relocations within nursing home care for various reasons, whether individual or per group. We aimed to collect a broad stakeholder overview of observed and experienced impacts on residents and aspects that influence the impact.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study using semistructured interviews followed by one focus group. We recruited participants from various stakeholder perspectives based on differences in roles while having an interest or involvement in relocations, and experience with relocations. The interviews and focus group were audiorecorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using responsive and thematic analysis.ResultsIn 17 interviews including one duo interview, participants described the impact on residents varying from very positive to very negative. In addition, stakeholders addressed differences in impact related to the relocation phase (before, during, after). Aspects influencing the impact of relocations were (1) mental resilience of residents, (2) organisation of relocations, (3) social connections of residents, and (4) the new (care) environment. The focus group with six participants added further insights in the subtheme ‘organisation of relocations’, emphasising the importance of clear and timely communication with residents and relatives and recognizability of (personal) items and professional caregivers from the former nursing home.ConclusionStakeholders described the impact of relocations within nursing homes to vary between and within nursing home residents. Aspects they identified to influence this impact provide incentives to reduce the negative impact on residents and foster positive impact. Further research needs to zoom‐in on the perceived impact of relocations within nursing homes of residents themselves.
Co‐incorporation of rice straw and milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) improves soil fertility and rice yield in two typical paddy soils
Authors: Wan Li , Chen Xiaofen , Yang Shuang , Qin Wenjing , Zhou Guopeng , Xia Longlong , Kang Yuntao , Liu Jia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe application of rice straw and milk vetch (MV) is a common practice in paddy rice systems in Southern China. However, the effects of the addition of MV and different amounts of rice straw on paddy soil fertility and rice yield remain uncertain. To analyse the co‐incorporation of MV and different amounts of rice straw on soil fertility, soil enzyme activities as well as rice yield in two typical soils in the red soil region, i.e. red and alluvial paddy soil, a pot experiment consisting of six treatments with four replications was conducted: (1) application of chemical fertilizer only as control (CK); (2) application of MV, (3) 6 g pot−1 of rice straw and milk vetch (S1MV); (4) 12 g pot−1 of rice straw and milk vetch (S2MV); (5) 18 g pot−1 of rice straw and milk vetch (S3MV) and (6) 24 g pot−1 of rice straw and milk vetch (S4MV). Our results showed that co‐incorporation of rice straw and MV could significantly increase the rice yield with the highest value was found in S3MV treatment in two paddy soils when compared with the application of MV treatment. When compared with MV, the rice yield increased by 314.5% and 31.8% in S3MV in the red and alluvial paddy soil, respectively. Compared with MV treatment, co‐incorporation of rice straw and MV improved soil nutrients and stimulated soil enzyme activities while the highest value was found in S2MV or S3MV treatments in two paddy soils. Moreover, the partial least squares path modelling revealed that rice yield was affected by soil organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon and soil enzyme activities. Overall, combining MV with a suitable application rate of rice straw should be recommended to improve soil fertility and rice yield in the red paddy soil region.
COVID‐19 in pregnancy
Authors: Greer Orene , Saeed Zainab , Woon Ee Von , Singh Natasha , Johnson Mark , Shah Nishel 
Published: January 2025

Key content
COVID‐19 is known to be associated with significant morbidity for pregnant women and their babies.
This susceptibility to adverse clinical outcomes may be associated with the unique physiological characteristics of the pregnant host.
Public health measures recommended for the management and prevention of critical COVID‐19 in pregnancy and lactation evolved during the 2020 pandemic; some decisions were controversial.
We highlight lessons learnt and considerations for future pandemic preparedness.
Learning objectives
To outline the pathology of COVID‐19 in pregnancy, including placental involvement.
To summarise current evidence‐based management and signpost to resources updates.
To discuss the role of vaccines to reduce morbidity and mortality for existing and novel SARS‐CoV‐2 viral strains.
Ethical issues
Sustained international collaborative strategies are crucial to ensure global equity for access to treatment and vaccines for communicable diseases.
The influence of age at total hip replacement on perioperative complications associated with a press‐fit cementless stem with lateral bolt in dogs
Authors: Kokkinos Panagiotis , Parsons Kevin , Belch Alex , Barthelemy Nicolas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the influence of age on perioperative stem‐associated complications when total hip replacement (THR) was performed with a BFX lateral bolt stem.Study designRetrospective (2017–2022).Sample populationA total of 197 client‐owned dogs.MethodsMedical records of dogs that underwent THR with a lateral bolt stem were reviewed. Perioperative complications were recorded. Stem and femoral features were measured on postoperative and follow‐up radiographs. The population was divided into juveniles (6–10 months), adults (>10 months to <7 years), and older dogs (≥7 years old). Association between groups and perioperative complications was assessed.ResultsTwo‐hundred and fifty five THRs were recorded: 139 unilateral and 58 bilateral. Intraoperative and early postoperative stem complication rates were 8.6% and 2%, respectively. Juveniles were at increased risk of developing intraoperative fissures. Age was not associated with early postoperative stem complications. German shepherd dogs were associated with postoperative fractures. Subsidence was weakly, but positively, associated with weight and canal flare index.ConclusionJuveniles were at increased risk of developing fissures. There was no difference in postoperative stem complications among age groups. German shepherds were at increased risk of postoperative fracture despite the use of a lateral bolt stem. More studies are required to assess the effect of giant breeds on the risk of subsidence, as well as the effect of young age on fissure development.Clinical significanceAge influenced the development of intraoperative, but not postoperative, stem complications with a lateral bolt stem. Prophylactic cerclage application could be considered in juvenile and German shepherd dogs.
Red blood cell transfusions in neonatal intensive care units: a nationwide observational cohort study
Authors: Heeger Lisanne Elise , Caram-Deelder Camila , Gunnink Suzanne , Cassel F , d'Haens Esther J , Hulzebos Christian V , de Kort Ellen , Onland Wes , Prins S , Vijlbrief Daniel C , Vrancken Sabine L , van Westering-Kroon Elke , van der Bom Johanna G , Lopriore Enrico 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo describe the use and nationwide variation of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) following the introduction of the revised national transfusion guideline in 2019.Design and patientsWe randomly selected neonates born below 32 weeks’ gestation admitted to any NICU in the Netherlands in 2020 to include in our retrospective observational cohort study.Main outcome measuresMain outcome measures were the number of neonates receiving at least one transfusion, and the number of transfusions per transfused neonate.ResultsOf 762 neonates included, 34% (257/762) received at least one RBC transfusion, varying between centres from 20% (12/61) to 50% (39/77). Median phlebotomy loss during admission was 8.2 mL/kg (IQR 4.5–17.3 mL/kg), equating to 54.3% of the median transfusion volume. Of 770 transfusions, 358 (47%) were administered above the recommended threshold, and the proportion of transfusions given above the threshold varied between centres from 15% to 719%. Median transfusion dosage and mean infusion duration were 15.1 mL/kg (IQR 15.0–16.7 mL/kg) and 3.9 hours (SD 1.1 hour) and varied from 14.8 mL/kg to 18.9 mL/kg and from 2.5 hours to 5.5 hours between centres. Blood transfusion volume was positively correlated with cumulative volume of blood draws (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.84, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.86) and lower gestation.ConclusionsLarge variation in transfusion practice remains between Dutch NICUs despite a national guideline. Extreme prematurity and cumulative blood draws were associated with increased use of RBC transfusions. Benchmarking will yield leverage points to understand and potentially prevent unwarranted variation.
Doctors taking bribes from pharmaceutical companies is common and not substantially reduced by an educational intervention: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Mishal , Noor Muhammad Naveed , Rahman-Shepherd Afifah , Siddiqui Amna Rehana , Khan Sabeen Sharif , van der Mark Nina , Isani Afshan Khurshid , Siddiqi Ahson Q , Opondo Charles , Ziauddin Faisal , Bhutto Faiza , Azam Iqbal , Hanefeld Johanna , Ali Natasha , Khan Robyna Irshad , Kazmi Syed Ahmed Raza , Wiseman Virginia , Aftab Wafa , Mirza Zafar , Hasan Zainab , Siddiqi Sameen , Hasan Rumina , Shakoor Sadia 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionIncentive-linked prescribing, which is when healthcare providers accept incentives from pharmaceutical companies for prescribing promoted medicines, is a form of bribery that harms patients and health systems globally. We developed a novel method using data collectors posing as pharmaceutical company sales representatives to evaluate private doctors’ engagement in incentive-linked prescribing and the impact of a multifaceted educational intervention on reducing this practice in Karachi, Pakistan.MethodsWe made a sampling frame of all doctors running for-profit, primary-care clinics and randomly allocated participants to control and intervention groups (1:1). The intervention group received a multifaceted seminar on ethical prescribing and reinforcement messages over 6 weeks. The control group attended a seminar without mention of ethical prescribing. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants agreeing to accept incentives in exchange for prescribing promoted medicines from data collectors posing as pharmaceutical company representatives, 3 months after the seminars.ResultsWe enrolled 419 of 440 eligible participants. Of 210 participants randomly allocated to the intervention group, 135 (64%) attended the intervention seminar and of 209 participants allocated to the control group, 132 (63%) attended the placebo seminar. The primary outcome was assessed in 130 (96%) and 124 (94%) of intervention and control participants, respectively. No participants detected the covert data collectors. 52 control group doctors (41.9%) agreed to accept incentives as compared with 42 intervention group doctors (32.3%). After adjusting for doctors’ age, sex and clinic district, there was no evidence of the intervention’s impact on the primary outcome (OR 0.70 [95% CI 0.40 to 1.20], p=0.192).ConclusionsThis first study to covertly assess deal-making between doctors and pharmaceutical company representatives demonstrated that the practice is strikingly widespread in the study setting and suggested that substantial reductions are unlikely to be achieved by educational interventions alone. Our novel method provides an opportunity to generate evidence on deal-making between doctors and pharmaceutical companies elsewhere.
Does candidate race influence simulated patient ratings in standardised assessments of clinical practice? A single-blinded randomised study in UK medical schools
Authors: Brown Celia , Sebastian Ann , Khavandi Sarah , Badger Kerry , Westacott Rachel , Reed Malcolm , Gurnell Mark , Sam Amir H 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesStandardisation of medical examinations involves minimising assessor stereotyping and bias for a fair process. This study aimed to determine whether being a non-white candidate affected scoring by simulated patients, compared with a white candidate, at three different performance grades in the same history-taking station.DesignSingle-blinded, video-based, randomised study.Participants163 simulated patients watched a randomly allocated set of six videos. Each set consisted of three white and three non-white (South Asian, black and Chinese) candidates performing at either fail, borderline or pass grades. Therefore, each simulated patient assessor observed one white and one non-white candidate at each grade and scored communication and professionalism domains.Main outcome measureThe median and interquartile range of the difference between total scores for the white and non-white candidates were compared at all three performance grades.ResultsThe black fail candidate scored statistically significantly lower than their white fail counterpart. The black borderline and Chinese borderline candidates scored significantly higher than their white counterparts. No other differences were statistically significant at p<0.0057.ConclusionsBeing a black candidate at the fail level of performance was associated with a lower score than being a white candidate at the fail level of performance, thereby indicating a negative stereotype against black students. However, being black or Chinese at a borderline grade was associated with higher scores than being white candidate at the same grade potentially due to self-awareness of potential bias when there is uncertainty regarding the performance.
Awareness and acceptance of menstrual cups and the factors associated with it among healthcare professionals in Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia: institution-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Gesese Molalegn Mesele , Atnafu Gebeyehu Natnael , Gelaw Kelemu Abebe , Abrham Asnake Angwach , Geda Yohannes Fikadu 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo explore awareness and acceptance of menstrual cups and associated factors among healthcare professionals in Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia.DesignInstitution-based cross-sectional study.SettingThe current study was carried out among governmental health facilities in Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia Regional State between 1 September and 30 September 2023.ParticipantsUsing a simple random sampling technique, 425 healthcare providers were selected. Data were collected using a self-administered, pre-tested questionnaire.Outcome measuresThe data were entered using Epi-data version 3.1, and after being exported, were analysed using SPSS version 25. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify relevant components. An adjusted OR and a 95% CI were used to report the relationship between the covariates and the outcome variable.ResultsThe level of awareness towards menstrual cups was 16.2% (95% CI 12.9% to 19.8%). Type of healthcare profession 5.75 (aOR=5.75, 95% CI 1.94 to 17.01), the use of broadcast media 4.40 (aOR=4.40, 95% CI 1.80 to 10.70), and social media use (aOR=3.24, 95% CI 1.53 to 6.88) were significantly associated with awareness towards menstrual cups.ConclusionThe awareness of menstrual cups among female healthcare providers was incredibly low. Type of healthcare profession, broadcast media, and social media use were the main determinants of menstrual cup awareness. Therefore, both government and non-governmental organisations should focus on promoting and providing menstrual cups nationwide.