bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profile of Newly Referred Glaucoma Patients to the Largest Tertiary Eye Care Hospital in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Jomar Deema , Alhomoud Abdulrahman , AlObaida Ibrahim , AlSobaie Nasser , Helmi Hala , Ahmad Khabir , Owaidhah Ohoud , Schargel Konrad 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose: To report the profile of newly referred glaucoma patients to the largest tertiary eye care hospital in Saudi Arabia.
Patients and Methods: Medical records of all Saudi nationals who presented with glaucoma to the Glaucoma Clinics at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital (KKESH) as a first visit through the Eligibility Department, Screening Clinic or Emergency Department between March 2019 and August 2019 were reviewed. Patients underwent a comprehensive glaucoma workup and a detailed documentation of their demographics, clinical exam findings, type and stage of glaucoma at presentation along with previous and offered management. Upon presentation, the stage of glaucoma was compared between eyes with primary glaucoma including primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and eyes with Secondary glaucoma.
Results: A total of 532 patients newly presented to KKESH during the study period. The median (interquartile [IQR] range) age of the patients was 63 (17) years, 47.9% of the patients were female. The majority of referred cases came from Riyadh (46.6%), Najran (9.8%) and AlQassim (9.4%) provinces. PACG was the most predominant form of glaucoma (30.5%), followed by POAG. Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PSXG) and neovascular glaucoma (NVG) were the most common subtypes among secondary glaucoma. Two out of every five eyes presenting with glaucoma (41.5%) had severe disease.
Conclusion: In this tertiary setting, PACG was the most commonly encountered glaucoma. A significant proportion of the patients, particularly those with POAG (“the silent thief of sight”) presented with an advanced disease. To limit the irreversible visual loss and socio-economic burden of glaucoma, a large community-based study is required to look into the epidemiology of glaucoma among all Saudi provinces followed by the implementation of a national screening and intervention program.
Content and style transfer with generative adversarial network
Authors: Ding Wenhua , Du Junwei , Hou Lei , Liu Jinhuan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The generative adversarial network is often used for image conversion tasks such as image coloring, semantic composition,style transfer, etc.,but at this stage, the training of image generation models often depends on a large number of paired datasets, and can only achieve conversion between two image domains.When processing tasks in more than two domains,it lacks scalability and robustness.To solve the above problems,this paper proposes a Content and Style transfer model based on Generative Adversarial Network (CS-GAN).This model can fuse style features (such as monet style,cubism) and content features (such as color ,texture) of fashion items on unpaired datasets at the same time,which can realize the conversion of multiple image domains,so as to effectively complete the task of transferring the content and style of fashion items.In particular,we propose a layer consistent dynamic convolution (LCDC) method,which encodes the style image as a learnable convolution parameter,which can adaptively learn style features,and more flexibly and efficiently complete the arbitrary style transfer of fashion items.To validate the performance of our model,we conducts comparative experiments and results analysis on the public fashion dataset. Compared with other mainstream methods,this method has improved in image synthesis quality,Inception Score (IS) and Frechet Inception Dinstance score (FID) evaluation index.
Diversity and functional prediction of fungal communities in different segments of Mongolian horse gastrointestinal tracts
Authors: Zhao Yiping , Wu Haiqing , Hu He , Cheng Chao , Du Ming , Huang Yao , Zhao Xiaoqing , Wang Liwei , Yi Liuxi , Tao Jinshan , Li Yajing , Lin Yanan , Su Shaofeng , Dugarjaviin Manglai 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background: Anaerobic fungi are effective fiber degrading microorganisms in the digestive tract of horses, but thus far, our understanding of their diversity and community structure is limited, especially the distribution of different parts of the gastrointestinal tract is practicallyt blank.
Results: For the first time, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze and predict the fungal microbial diversity in the contents of different parts of gastrointestinal tract of Mongolian horse. The results showed that the richness and diversity of fungi in the hindgut of Mongolian horses were much higher than those in the foregut. The foregut was dominated by Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, while the hindgut was dominated by Neocallimastigomycota and Basidiomycota. At the genus level, the relative abundance of a large number of pathogenic fungi (Cryptococcus, Cladosporium, Alternaria, Sarocladium and Fusarium) in the foregut was significantly higher than that in the posterior gut (P <0.01 or P <0.05), indicating that Mongolian horses had strong disease resistance. The prediction of fungal function also showed that there were significant differences in the fungal flora between the foregut and the hindgut. The fungi in the foregut of Mongolian horses are mainly pathologically nutritive and contain a large number of animal and plant pathogens, especially in the small intestine (jejunum and ileum), indicating that the foregut may be the most important immune site in the digestive system of Mongolian horses, which well explains the high disease resistance of Mongolian horses. The Unassigned functional group in the posterior gut is significantly higher than that in the anterior gut, indicating that the functions of fungal groups in the posterior gut have not been fully explored and further study is needed in the future.
Conclusions: The study of the fungal diversity of the Mongolian horse health digestive system provides important basic data, can be used for the Mongolian horse health assessment, and for further study on the horse of the digestive system, horse disease resistance, and even the development of microbial supplements provide clues.
Prevalence of Mud crab reovirus (MCRV) in open pen and cage aquaculture system
Authors: Nivas Naveen , Gopalakrishnan Ayyaru , Kaippilly Dinesh , Srav Savva , John Anisha Shafni , Dayalane Saranya , Dhasarathan Balu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Mud crab farms along the east coast of India have been facing mysterious mass mortality for the past few years. Recently, Mud crab reovirus was found to be responsible for this mortality in the east coast of India. This study investigated the mortality rate of mud crabs raised in an open-pen and cage environment in relation to mud crab reovirus infection. The crabs were cultured in open pens, cages within the pens, and cages outside the pens i-e in open water without any enclosures. The dead and moribund crabs were tested for etiological agents responsible for the mortality using histopathology, TEM and RTPCR. The mortality rate in the open pen culture system was found to be 73 ± 4.57%, whereas the mortality rate in cages inside the pen was found to be 18 ± 2.21%, and in cages outside the pen in open water was found to be 17.3%. Mud crab cannibalistic behavior was found to be the primary rationale for the higher MCRV transmission rate in open pens where the crabs are not separated, contrary to the cage culture technique. The present study revealed that rearing mud crabs in cage crabs in individual cages decreases the mortality rate of mud crabs up to 20 percent. Therefore, fattening or culturing mud crabs in cages benefits farmers with higher survival rates and economic performance.
Pharmaceutical Residues Removal in Two- and Three-Dimensional Electrochemical Process by Orange Peels as a Third Electrode
Authors: Kindi Ghayda Al , Al-Haidri Husam 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Pharmaceutical waste is considered an environmental burden, due to its incomplete treatment in traditional treatment plants, so the aim of this study was to remove tetracycline in a two- and three-dimensional electrochemical system, using nano zerovalent Iron (nZVI) prepared from orange peel extract after fixing it with CMC as third granular electrodes. The using of Fourier instrument infrared (FTIR), Bruneian-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. Electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to study the physical and chemical properties of nZVI, the electrochemical system consists of graphite anode and stainless steel as cathode, with The use of several parameters in different values such as reaction time, pH, tetracycline concentration, and current density . From the results it was found that the efficiency of the three-dimensional electrochemical system is more than the two-dimensional in the removal of tetracycline, it was found that the removal efficiency is 99% for the 3D system while 78% for the 2D system. The optimal operating conditions for the 3D were pH 4.5, reaction time 30 min, 0.25 g/L Na2SO4, current density 40 mA/cm2, and tetracycline concentration 160 mg/L. While for 2D, the were pH 5.5, the reaction time 40 minutes, current density 50 mA/cm2, and the concentration of tetracycline 160 mg/L. .so that, 3D electrochemical process is an innovative alternative with excellent efficiency of removing tetracycline from the wastewater.
Improving Healthcare system in Saudi Arabia from Healthcare aspect using qualitative methods
Authors: Alshammari Abdullah R , Alshammari Rakan , Alshammary Muharib 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Aim
Exploring healthcare provider attuited to improve the primary health care (PHC) from their aspect.
Methods
Qualitative study; semi-structured interview were utilised method. purposive sampling adopted. Target sample were health services administrators of in Ha’il city. Thematic analysis was adopted in this study.
Results
Totally of 7 participants; 4 male and 3 females were all of them have the same socioeconomic status. Four main themes appear which were: workforce training, sharing responsibility with workforce, input technology and improve the attitudes of healthcare visitors.
Conclusion
There is demand and welling to improve the healthcare services, that can be achieved by the help of the visitors of the healthcare services, professional training of the healthcare workforce and include the new technology within the healthcare setting.
Research on the coupling force between the grinding wheel and rail in grinding train system
Authors: Liu Tao , Cui Dabin , Fu Yaodong , Liu Zhanghong , Li Li 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
During the grinding train operation process, the grinding force between the grinding wheel and the rail is critical in ensuring the grinding quality and efficiency. The coupling vibration among the frame, the grinding wheels and the wheelsets will seriously affect the stability of the grinding force. In this paper, the coupled mechanical model of the grinding wheel/rail is established based on the contact mechanics theory, which is embedded as a submodel into the dynamic model of the multi-rigid buggy. The interaction among the frame, the grinding wheels, and the wheelsets are analyzed by setting the convex irregularity on the rail. The grinding effect is evaluated in combination with the subway’s long wave corrugation grinding conditions. The results show that when the grinding buggy passes the convex irregularity, the vibration excited by the wheelset system has a significant impact on the dynamic behavior of the grinding wheels. The vibration of the grinding wheel is mainly transmitted between the grinding wheel and the frame, less affecting the wheelset. For the long wave corrugation of the subway, the grinding effect of the grinding wheel has a certain correlation with the phase angle of the wheelset through the corrugation. The research results provide an important reference for the setting of the grinding pattern.
Soil-dwelling Antagonistic Streptomycetes; Isolation coupled with functional and molecular screening
Authors: Fathollahi-Dehkordi Farshid , Moshafi Mohammad Hassan , Illaghi-Hoseini Sahar , Nooshadokht Maryam , Raiesi Omid , Amirheidari Bagher 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
One of the most challenging medical concerns is treating diseases caused by resistant bacteria. It is hence inevitable to explore sources of new antimicrobial derivatives. Calcium dependent antibiotics (CDAs) are lipopeptide antibiotics produced by Streptomycetes. CDAs are synthesized by a genes cluster which includes many pathway-specific regulatory genes. The gene cdaR can be utilized as a marker of CDA production. Micrococcus luteus has been employed as indicator to probe the production of lipopeptide antibiotics. This study was designed to yield domestic soil bacteria capable of producing antibacterial products and probe whether they are of lipopeptide nature. Soil samples were collected from Baft County, southern Iran. Chalky appearance of colonies on a semi-differentiative solid medium, FZmsn, was used to isolate representative Streptomycetes. Genomic DNA of isolates was extracted utilizing RIMA ® Kit and PCR products were run on gel electrophoresis and visualized by ethidium bromide under UV light. Molecular identity of the isolates was probed by PCR using a Streptomyces-specific primer pair. Evaluation of the isolates’ antibacterial effects against six indicator bacteria was carried out by using a pen-assay cross-streak culture method. The isolates were also investigated for the presence of the regulatory gene cdaR. Twelve illustrative Streptomycetes were isolated and characterized. Pen-assay experiments resulted in four isolates effective against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and B. subtilis. Three of these were antagonistic against E. coli and two against M. luteus. No isolate was found to counter the growth of P. aeruginosa. The method proved to be facile in yielding domestic Streptomycetes active against pathogenic bacteria. Further research is being done on the isolates and properties of their products.
Relativistic Mass of Spinning Black Holes in XRBs
Authors: Mahto Dipo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The present work provides a model for the relativistic mass of spinning black holes by using the model for black hole mass estimation (M = rv2/G) and the model for variation of universal constant(G) with spinning velocity of black holes in the strong gravitational field as proposed by Mahto et al. and calculates their values for XRBs black holes and concludes to justify the special relativity as well as model for variation of gravitational constant in the strong gravitational field as proposed by Mahto et al.(2013).
Outbreaks of cockchafers – how do genetic population structures of Melolontha melolontha and M. hippocastani differ?
Authors: Niemczyk Marzena , Tereba Anna , Skrzecz Iwona , Kajtoch Łukasz 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCockchafersMelolonthaspp. are polyphagous root pests and outbreak species of considerable economic importance to forestry in Europe. However, knowledge about genetic diversity among and between populations of cockchafers is far from sufficient. In this study, we fill several gaps in the knowledge of genetic population structure and the intensity of gene flow betweenMelolontha melolontha(Mm) andM. hippocastani(Mh). Specifically, we used microsatellite markers of 421 imagines from three main outbreak areas in Poland. Our study revealed some differences in polymorphism and population structuration between the two species.Mmwas characterized by higher polymorphism and some evidence of population structure, whileMhdid not show population structuring, which may indicate that these two species have undergone different historical events. It is likely that onlyMmexperienced a reduction in population size but both species currently have high effective population sizes - likely as a result of an ongoing outbreak. A number of ~ 10 migrants per generation allows gene flow and maintains equilibrium in the population. Our study also revealed some important differences in migratory behavior between the sexes, with male cockchafers making more frequent long-distance flights. Current ecological and anthropogenic changes that alter the quantity and quality of the food base appear to favor the fecundity, development and dispersal of cockchafers. Our study adds cockchafers to the list of outbreak species with available genetic information. This information can be an important component of effective management strategies and a foundation for understanding and predicting the evolution of these species.
Workflow scheduling strategy based on deep reinforcement learning
Authors: ZHANG Shuo , Zhao Zhuofeng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

With the increase of Internet of Things devices, the data intensive workflow has emerged. Because the data-intensive workflow has the characteristics of scattered data sources, large data scale and collaborative distributed execution at the cloud edge. It brings many challenges to the execution of workflow, such as data flow control management, data transmission scheduling, etc. Aiming at the execution constraints and data transmission optimization of data-intensive workflow, this paper proposes a workflow scheduling method based on deep reinforcement learning. First, the execution constraints, edge node load and data transmission volume of IoT data workflow are modeled; Then the data - intensive workflow is segmented with the optimization goal of data transmission; Besides, taking the workflow execution time and average load balancing as the optimization goal, the improved DQN algorithm is used to schedule the workflow. Based on the DQN algorithm, the model reward function and action selection are redesigned and improved. The simulation results based on WorkflowSim show that, compared with MOPSO, NSGA-II and GTBGA, the algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the execution time of IoT data workflow under the condition of ensuring the execution constraints and load balancing of edge nodes.
The Needs and Opportunities for Housing Improvement as a Malaria Intervention in Southern Tanzania
Authors: Bofu Ramadhani M. , Santos Ellen M. , John Betwel , Kahamba Najat , Swilla Joseph , Njalambaha Rukiyah , Kelly Ann H. , Lezaun Javier , Christofides Nicola , Okumu Fredros O. , Finda Marceline F. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Malaria disproportionately affects low-income households in rural communities where poor housing is common. Despite evidence that well-constructed and mosquito-proofed houses can reduce malaria risk, housing improvement is rarely included in malaria control toolboxes. This study assessed the need, magnitude, and opportunities for housing improvement to control malaria in rural Tanzania.
Methods
A mixed-methods study was conducted in 19 villages across four district councils in southern Tanzania. A structured survey was administered to 1,292 community members to assess need, perceptions, and opportunities for housing improvement for malaria control. Direct observations of 802 houses and surrounding environments were done to identify the actual needs and opportunities, and to validate the survey findings. A market survey was done to assess availability and cost of resources and services necessary for mosquito-proofing homes. Focus group discussions were conducted with key stakeholders to explore insights on the potential and challenges of housing improvement as a malaria intervention.
Results
Compared to other methods for malaria control, housing improvement was among the best understood and most preferred by community members. Of the 735 survey respondents who needed housing improvements, a majority needed window screening (91.1%), repairs of holes in walls (79.4%), door covers (41.6%), closing of eave spaces (31.2%) and better roofs (19.0%). Community members invested significant efforts to improve their own homes against malaria and other dangers, but these efforts were often slow and delayed due to high costs and limited household incomes. Study participants suggested several mechanisms of support to improve their homes, including government loans and subsidies.
Conclusion
Addressing the need for housing improvement is a critical component of malaria control efforts in southern Tanzania. In this study, a majority of the community members surveyed needed modest modifications and had plans to work on those modifications. Without additional support, their efforts were however generally slow; households would take years to sufficiently mosquito-proof their houses. It is therefore crucial to bring together the key players across sectors to reduce barriers in malaria-proofing housing in endemic settings. These may include government subsidies or partnerships with businesses to make housing improvement more accessible and affordable to residents.
Determinants of the interval to brain metastasis from initial breast cancer diagnosis and its relation to survival: a single-center retrospective cohort
Authors: Orrego-González Eduardo , Nayar Varun , Moore Justin M , Vega Rafael A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Brain metastasis (BM) carry short-term survival and a poor prognosis. Short-onset time to BM can lead to better survival than patients with delayed diagnosis. We intend to assess clinical factors associated with mortality and time to brain metastasis.
Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 113 patients in our institution who developed BM from primary breast cancer from 2000-2020. Demographic and clinical characteristics were reviewed. One-hundred-thirteen patients were eligible for survival analysis by univariate and multivariate COX regression. In addition, we performed statistical analysis to determine factors associated with undergoing surgery.
Results: Post-menopausal state at initial breast cancer (HR=1.66; CI 1.11-2.47, P=0.01), other ethnicities (HR=2.18; CI 1.17-4.04, P=0.01), and the subtype ER+/HER2+ (HR=2.13; CI 1.21-3.73, P=<0.05) were found on multivariate analysis to have a shorter interval to BM. Subgroup analysis of patients with ER+ tumors found that initial Stage IV at diagnosis (HR=1.83; CI 1.1-3.18, P=0.03) and HER2+ status (HR=1.81; CI 1.09-2.96, P=0.02) had shorter intervals to brain metastasis. Patients that underwent initial adjuvant endocrine therapy (HR=0.61; CI 0.39-0.95, P=0.03) and palbociclib therapy (HR=0.51; CI 0.28-0.96, P=0.04) had longer intervals to BM. In multivariate survival analysis, a BM onset shorter than 2 years (HR=0.24; CI 0.074-0.83, P=0.025, Figure 2C) was a protective factor.
Conclusions:Patients with early development of breast BM have better survival than patients with longer time onsets. The subtype of tumor, receptor status, systemic therapy, and high initial stage are factors related to interval from breast cancer to brain metastasis.