bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Optically Active 2,2'‐Dibromo‐6,6'‐diiodo‐1,1'‐biphenyl: A Powerful Precursor for Modular Synthesis of Functionalized Atropisomers†
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Duan Longhui , Hong Biqiong , Gu Zhenhua 
Published: August 2023

Comprehensive SummaryThe widespread applications of atropisomeric compounds have led to an increasing demand for their synthesis. Rather than synthesizing different functionalized atropisomers individually, an attractive alternative is to identify a key intermediate or precursor that can be readily elaborated and functionalized to realize divergent synthesis of this class of compounds. Building on our previous research on asymmetric ring‐opening of cyclic diaryliodoniums, in this work we developed a copper‐catalyzed enantioselective ring‐opening reaction of ortho,ortho’‐dibromo substituted cyclic diaryliodonium with lithium iodide. The resulting optically active product 2,2'‐dibromo‐6,6'‐diiodo‐1,1'‐biphenyl, possessing two C—Br bonds and two C—I bonds, can be selectively advanced to form different functionalities. Remarkably, the utilities of the product were highlighted by successively demonstrating C—I and C—Br metalation, followed by carboxylation, boroylation, oxygenation, allylation, phosphinylation, etc., all of which provide a new and convenient approach to synthesizing a range of functionalized axially chiral biphenyls.
UAV‐based RGB imagery and ground measurements for high‐throughput phenotyping of senescence and QTL mapping in bread wheat
Authors: Li Lei , Hassan Muhammad Adeel , Song Jie , Xie Yongdun , Rasheed Awais , Yang Shurong , Li Hongye , Liu Peng , Xia Xianchun , He Zhonghu , Xiao Yonggui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSustainable wheat production is challenged by climate change events such as drought, salinity, and heat stress. Senescence is a gradual programmed cell death trait occurring post anthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum), with significant affecting stability of yield and quality‐related traits under climate severities. Phenotyping of complex traits is increasingly perceived as a bottleneck due to elevated labor costs and time in large field conditions. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)‐based platforms using RGB imagery and ground phenotyping–based novel traits can facilitate the repeated nondestructive measurements of crop canopy traits cost‐effectively. Here, we described combined application of UAV‐based RGB imaging and ground measurements based novel trait to quantify canopy senescence in wheat. We reported senescence related traits with high heritability in a recombinant inbred line population derived from the cross Zhongmai 175/Lunxuan 987. Our results showed that the selection of slow senescence genotypes using UAV‐based vegetation indices (VIs) was equally effective as ground‐based traits and illustrated significant variations among the genotypes. We also identified five quantitative trait loci (QTL) for canopy senescence in both UAV and ground‐based datasets using a 50K single‐nucleotide polymorphism array. QTL for UAV‐based VIs from RGB imaging and ground measurements based traits were mapped on chromosomes 1B, 2B, 3A, and 4B. The integration of both datasets with genetic analysis identified an important slow senescence/stay‐green related locus on chromosome 4B that explained phenotypic variation up to 23.07% for both UAV and ground traits at late grain‐ filling stage. Three QTL (QTL‐caas.1B, QTL‐caas.3A, and QTL‐caas.4B2) on chromosomes 1B, 3A, and 4B were also validated for slow senescence with high chlorophyll level and cool canopy temperature in a natural population of 160 lines by developing kompetitive allele‐specific PCR markers. QTL‐caas.4B1 was validated not only for senescence but also for plant height. Our findings suggest that UAV‐based RGB imagery is advantageous for precise and rapid assessment of senescence related traits and genetic studies of senescence in wheat.
An improved harmonics suppression power amplifier circuit using integrated self‐resonant capacitor for radar application
Authors: Yang Fan , Li Zhanguo , Xu Yuehang 
Published: August 2023

SummaryIn order to ensure that the electromagnetic compatibility and mutual interference of multiple radar network systems meet the requirements, a 55‐W gallium nitride (GaN) high harmonics suppression (HSs) high power amplifier (HPA) microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) with an operating frequency of 5.1–6.3 GHz is designed for radar network system. An HSs method using self‐resonant capacitor integrated in the output matching network of HPA is proposed to improve the HSs characteristics. The measured results show that under the condition of 100‐μs pulse width and 10% duty cycle, the HSs are greater than 48 dBc while the output power is greater than 55 W, the power gain is 21 dB, and the power additional efficiency (PAE) is 54%, which is suitable for use in radar network system. The size of the HPA is 3.55 × 4.05 mm2.
Navigating a broken river: Understanding the ecological consequences of fragmentation on benthic life
Authors: Sofi Mohd Sharjeel , Bhat Sami Ullah , Muslim Mohd 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHabitat fragmentation is emerging as a leading cause of biodiversity decline in riverine ecosystems. Several natural and human factors contribute to the fragmentation of rivers. River fragmentation is a growing problem that is widely spread and poses a significant challenge to the conservation of freshwater biodiversity, but its impact is not fully documented and acknowledged. Fragmentation impedes the movement of aquatic organisms and alters natural flow regimes, disrupting habitats and trophic supplies for aquatic biodiversity. It can also affect the adaptive ability of organisms to natural environmental changes, leading to a change in the structure and function of biotic communities. To understand the effects of fragmentation on river ecology, it is crucial to link its spatial and structural implications. This article examines the occurrence and frequency of fragmentation and its effects on the ecological community of benthic biota. This review aims to elucidate the overall effects of fragmentation on river ecology and recommends the possible measures to mitigate its impact. Urgent action is required to establish a comprehensive global network of free‐flowing river systems and revive previously exploited rivers in different regions to enhance the protection and sustainable utilization of river ecosystems.
SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern elicit divergent early immune responses in hACE2 transgenic mice
Authors: Fricke Charlie , Pfaff Florian , Ulrich Lorenz , Halwe Nico Joel , Schön Jacob , Timm Laura , Hoffmann Weda , Rauch Susanne , Petsch Benjamin , Hoffmann Donata , Beer Martin , Corleis Björn , Dorhoi Anca 
Published: August 2023

AbstractKnowledge about early immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern mainly comes from the analysis of human blood. Such data provide limited information about host responses at the site of infection and largely miss the initial events. To gain insights into compartmentalization and the early dynamics of host responses to different SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, we utilized human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) transgenic mice and tracked immune changes during the first days after infection by RNAseq, multiplex assays, and flow cytometry. Viral challenge infection led to divergent viral loads in the lungs, distinct inflammatory patterns, and innate immune cell accumulation in response to ancestral SARS‐CoV‐2, Beta (B.1.351) and Delta (B.1.617.2) variant of concern (VOC). Compared to other SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, infection with Beta (B.1.351) VOC spread promptly to the lungs, leading to increased inflammatory responses. SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific antibodies and T cells developed within the first 7 days postinfection and were required to reduce viral spread and replication. Our studies show that VOCs differentially trigger transcriptional profiles and inflammation. This information contributes to the basic understanding of immune responses immediately postexposure to SARS‐CoV‐2 and is relevant for developing pan‐VOC interventions including prophylactic vaccines.
Individuals’ power determines how they respond to positive versus negative performance feedback
Authors: Straub Leila M. , Lin Enru , Tremonte‐Freydefont Laure , Schmid Petra C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPerformance feedback signals to people where they stand in their goal progress. Positive feedback suggests that one is on a good track to achieve a goal. Negative feedback indicates that another strategy or greater effort is required. However, not everyone reacts equally to such feedback. Through four studies using a variety of methods, we examined how individuals’ experience of power affects motivation and performance depending on whether they receive negative or positive performance feedback. While results were not completely uniform, a general pattern could be observed. Specifically, a meta‐analysis across all studies showed that negative feedback had an overall detrimental effect on motivation and performance of low‐power individuals but not of high‐power individuals. Positive feedback neither impacted low‐ nor high‐power individuals' motivation but increased low‐power individuals’ performance relative to their high‐power counterparts. Our findings imply that performance feedback needs to be tailored to the recipient's experience of power.
Rational design of bi‐phase CaV2O6/NaV6O15 cathode materials for long‐life aqueous zinc batteries
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Yi , Wu Xiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVanadium‐based compounds with various crystal structures are highly promising cathode materials for aqueous zinc‐based batteries. However, their further development is limited due to the low electrical conductivity, slow zinc ion diffusion, and weak structural stability. It is a feasible strategy to resolve above mentioned issues through surface modification. Herein, we design bi‐phase coexisting CaV2O6/NaV6O15 nanobelt structures with abundant interfaces, which provide more reactive sites than single‐phase ones. The samples as the electrode materials deliver a specific capacity of 312 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 after 2000 cycles. They still keep a capacity of 231 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 with a cycle life of 6500 times.image
Efficient immobilization of acids into activated carbon for high durability and continuous desulfurization of diesel fuel
Authors: Hamad Khaleel I. , Humadi Jasim I. , Abdulkareem Hiba A. , Al‐Salihi Sara , Farhan Omar I. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFuel contaminants are the most critical issues in human health, cars' engines life and performance, and refinery equipment, and have an ultimate consecutive economic negative impact over time. Nowadays, sulfur is considered as one of the most dangerous contaminants in fuel, and different approaches have been carried out for desulfurization processing. In this study, new modified activated carbon (AC) for adsorptive diesel fuel desulfurization is carried out. To increase the robustness and effectiveness of a continuous adsorptive desulfurization (ADS) process, the study provides a new surface modification technique of the AC. Real diesel fuel (RDF, sulfur content 7510 ppm) and model diesel fuel (MDF, dibenzothiophene content 637 ppm) were used in a series of ADS tests carried out in a fixed‐bed adsorption column under atmospheric pressure and temperature. To achieve zero emissions of diesel fuel, the process parameters were optimized using the experimental findings. The AC and modified AC were tested via Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and Fourier Transform Infrared to evaluate the effect of the modification process on adsorbent characterization. The liquid hourly space velocity of the feedstock, the height of the absorber bed, and the kind of AC were the optimization parameters. In these circumstances, the ADS procedure was examined to address the impact of the feedstock flow rate on the effectiveness of ADS. The sulfur removal efficiency was 85.3% for RDF and 94% for MDF at 9 cm bed height, 8 h−1 LSHV, and 10 g bed weight, respectively. This is the first time that AC has been used to examine the stability of continuous ADS and to examine how acid immobilization affects sulfur removal. The investigation showed that the modified AC had a high rate of stability and was effective in the continuous ADS process. The spent modified AC was regenerated via a solvent extractive regeneration process to evaluate the durability of the ACs. The results proved that the regeneration performance of various solvents for modified activated carbon 1 decreases as follows: iso‐octane > ethanol > methanol > acetonitrile.
Cobalt hydroxide‐based electrodes for supercapacitors: Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical performance optimization
Authors: Naeem Sajid , Shinde UP , Patil AV 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDopant‐free cobalt hydroxides were synthesized via electrochemical deposition techniques, employing various precursors. The process involved preparing an aqueous electrolyte with a 0.1 M concentration of the respective precursor at ambient temperature (27°C). The synthesis of cobalt hydroxides was carried out using a two‐electrode system, with a controlled potential of 0.5 V. After the successful synthesis of dopant‐free cobalt hydroxides using the electrochemical deposition techniques with different precursors, the next step involved investigating these cobalt hydroxide electrodes. For this purpose, a three‐electrode system was utilized to analyze their cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge‐discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) characteristics. Furthermore, to gain deeper insights into the properties of the cobalt hydroxide thin films, thorough examination was conducted using various techniques. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to study the crystal structure, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the surface morphology, and UV spectra to analyze the optical properties of the thin films. The investigations unveiled that the films displayed a crystalline nature with an average crystallite size of 40 nm. The morphology of the film appeared leaf‐like, and the particle size was measured to be 180 nm. Notably, the cobalt hydroxide electrodes demonstrated exceptional electrochemical performance. The specific capacitance, energy density, and power density of these electrodes were found to have average values of 1140 F/g, 142.5 Wh/kg, and 4.74 W/kg, respectively. These impressive results underscore the excellent performance and robust cycle stability of the cobalt hydroxide electrodes, making them highly promising for supercapacitor applications.
Sensorial, textural, and rheological analysis of novel pistachio‐based chocolate formulations by quantitative descriptive analysis
Authors: Mousazadeh Morad , Mousavi Mohammad , Emam‐Djomeh Zahra , Ali Ahmed Salar , Hadinezhad Mehri , Hassanzadeh Hamed 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPrincipal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate the effects of pistachio oil (7.5 and 15%), xanthan gum (0 and 0.3%), distillated monoglyceride (0.5 and 1%), and cocoa butter (7.5 and 15%) on the sensorial descriptors of spread based on pistachio oil. The response variables were the most significant spread texture attributes: hardness, graininess, meltability, adhesiveness to spoon, adhesiveness to mouth, spreadability, fluidity, and oiliness. PCA revealed that the first two principal components explained 90% or more of the variance between the data. The first principal component was dominated by the descriptors' adhesiveness and hardness on the positive side and the descriptors' oiliness and fluidness on the negative side. The descriptor spreadability had a high positive loading on the second principal component. Herschel–Balkley and power law models were fitted to confirm the sensory evaluation results on different formulations. In the current research, the power law model seemed to be more accurate for fitting the samples. In terms of the selected texture attributes determined by the sensory evaluation, using component plot, the optimum combination of variables was found as follows: 15 pistachio oil, 7.5% cocoa butter, 0.3% xanthan gum, and 1% distilled monoglyceride that produced desirable spreads that mimic commercial spread.
Endothelial senescence alleviates cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Horibe Sayo , Emoto Takuo , Mizoguchi Taiji , Tanaka Toru , Kawauchi Shoji , Sasaki Naoto , Yamashita Tomoya , Ikeda Koji , Emoto Noriaki , Hirata Ken‐ichi , Rikitake Yoshiyuki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is among the most prevalent age‐related neurodegenerative diseases. Endothelial cell (EC) senescence was discovered in the AD brain, but its function in AD pathogenesis was unidentified. Here we created an AD mouse model with EC senescence (APP/PS1;TERF2DN mice) by intercrossing APP/PS1 mice with Tie2 promoter‐driven dominant negative telomeric repeat‐binding factor 2 transgenic mice (TERF2DN‐Tg mice). We evaluated cognitive functions and AD brain pathology in APP/PS1;TERF2DN mice. Surprisingly, compared with the control APP/PS1 mice, APP/PS1;TERF2DN mice demonstrated the attenuation of cognitive impairment and amyloid‐β (Aβ) pathology, accompanied by the compaction of Aβ plaques with increased microglial coverage and reduced neurite dystrophy. Moreover, we evaluated whether EC senescence could affect microglial morphology and phagocytosis of Aβ. Compared with wild‐type mice, microglia in TERF2DN‐Tg mice display increased numbers of endpoints (a morphometric parameter to quantify the number of processes) and Aβ phagocytosis and related gene expression. Single‐cell RNA‐sequencing analysis showed that compared with APP/PS1 mouse microglia, APP/PS1;TERF2DN mouse microglia displayed a modest decline in disease‐associated microglia, accompanied by an altered direction of biological process branching from antigen synthesis and arrangement to ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis. Our outcomes indicate that EC senescence alters microglia toward a protective phenotype with a rise in phagocytic and barrier roles, and may offer a clue to create a novel preventive/therapeutic method to treat AD.
Indirect evidence for altered dopaminergic neurotransmission in very premature‐born adults
Authors: Schinz David , Schmitz‐Koep Benita , Zimmermann Juliana , Brandes Elin , Tahedl Marlene , Menegaux Aurore , Dukart Juergen , Zimmer Claus , Wolke Dieter , Daamen Marcel , Boecker Henning , Bartmann Peter , Sorg Christian , Hedderich Dennis M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhile animal models indicate altered brain dopaminergic neurotransmission after premature birth, corresponding evidence in humans is scarce due to missing molecular imaging studies. To overcome this limitation, we studied dopaminergic neurotransmission changes in human prematurity indirectly by evaluating the spatial co‐localization of regional alterations in blood oxygenation fluctuations with the distribution of adult dopaminergic neurotransmission. The study cohort comprised 99 very premature‐born (<32 weeks of gestation and/or birth weight below 1500 g) and 107 full‐term born young adults, being assessed by resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI) and IQ testing. Normative molecular imaging dopamine neurotransmission maps were derived from independent healthy control groups. We computed the co‐localization of local (rs‐fMRI) activity alterations in premature‐born adults with respect to term‐born individuals to different measures of dopaminergic neurotransmission. We performed selectivity analyses regarding other neuromodulatory systems and MRI measures. In addition, we tested if the strength of the co‐localization is related to perinatal measures and IQ. We found selectively altered co‐localization of rs‐fMRI activity in the premature‐born cohort with dopamine‐2/3‐receptor availability in premature‐born adults. Alterations were specific for the dopaminergic system but not for the used MRI measure. The strength of the co‐localization was negatively correlated with IQ. In line with animal studies, our findings support the notion of altered dopaminergic neurotransmission in prematurity which is associated with cognitive performance.
Prevalence and reasons to seek traditional healing methods among residents of two localities in North Kordofan State, Sudan 2022: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ahmed Ghassan E. Mustafa , Ahmed Exeer Yahia M. , Ahmed Ayat Eltahir , Hemmeda Lina , Birier Anmar B. , Abdelgadir Tibyan , Hassan Hadiea Mosaab AhmedElbashir , Alfadul Esraa S. A. , Bakr Musab , Sadig Ethar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsTraditional medicines are one of Africa's primary response mechanisms to medical emergencies, while, in other communities, all healthcare decisions are based on indigenous traditions and beliefs. For millions of individuals who reside in rural areas throughout low‐ and middle‐income nations, those healers serve as their only primary healthcare practitioners. This study intends to examine the availability, preferences, and practices of traditional medicine seeking among the Sudanese of North Kordofan state.MethodA descriptive cross‐sectional study was carried out in two conveniently chosen localities in North Kordofan state, namely Barrah, and Shaikan. A structured questionnaire with three sections—sociodemographic, attitudes, and forms of traditional medical practices—was used for face‐to‐face interviews with the residents. The frequency (n) and percentage (%) of categorical data are presented. The Chi‐square and Fischer exact tests were performed to determine characteristics related to traditional medicine practice and the preferred type of medicine among participants; apvalue of.05 was considered significant.ResultsA total of 302 residents took part in the study, with the 15–30 age group constituting the majority. The majority of participants (89.1%) used traditional medicine, and the majority of them (92.4%) learned about it from their families. The major type of traditional medicine (60.3%) used was a medical herbs–herb practitioner. Cultural influences (57%) and the effectiveness of traditional medicines (48.3%) were the most common reasons for seeking those medicines.ConclusionMost participants seek traditional medicine, with traditional herbs and holy recitation commonly used. Affordability, therapeutic effectiveness, and cultural and religious influence were reasons for preferring traditional medicine.