bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Different Techniques in Post-Extractive Socket Regeneration Using Autologous Tooth Graft: Histological and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Minetti Elio , Palermo Andrea , Berardini Marco 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective Post-extractive socket grafting techniques reduce alveolar ridge dimensional changes. Numerous graft materials have been suggested and a growing interest in tooth material has been observed as a valuable alternative to synthetic biomaterials or xenografts. Furthermore, different clinical procedures have been proposed for the wound closure of the post-extractive site. This study aims to compare histological and clinical outcomes of two different surgical techniques to seal the post-extractive site with the use of autologous demineralized extracted tooth as graft material.
Materials and Methods Sixteen post-extractive socket without buccal and/or palatal bone walls, in sixteen healthy patients, were grafted with the autologous tooth material treated by the new Tooth Transformer device (Tooth Transformer, Milan, Italy). Alveolar socket preservation procedures were performed without flap elevation. Patients were randomly subdivided into two equal groups according to the site closure technique. In group A, the pedunculate tissue was used, while in group B ice cone technique. A bone samples were collected in each site after 4 months for histological analysis.
Results No significant clinical differences among the different sealing techniques were observed. In both groups, the site was filled by new bone formation after 4 months of healing. The histological analysis revealed 46.1 ± 8.07% of bone volume, 9.2 ± 9.46% of residual graft, and 35.2 ± 12.36% of vital bone in group A, while group B shows 41.22 ± 5.88% of bone volume, 7.94 ± 7.54% of residual graft, and 31.7 ± 7.52% new bone. No statistical differences were detected (p > 0.05).
Conclusion Further studies with a large number of patients, and different observation periods will be needed to confirm the results of this pilot study; however, the interesting data obtained have shown how these techniques, mixed with the autologous dentin derived graft material, seem to promote bone regeneration and reduce physiological bone resorption during alveolar socket preservation treatments.
Shaping Ability of TRUShape and XP-endo Shaper in C-Shaped Canals Using 3D-Printed Replicas: A Micro-CT Study
Authors: Falcão Natália Pereira da Silva , Marceliano-Alves Marilia Fagury , Tavares Sandro Junio Oliveira , Amoroso-Silva Pablo , Neves Aline de Almeida , Bastos Luan Ferreira , Lopes Ricardo Tadeu , Dantas Wania Christina Figueiredo , Galhardi Michelle Paiva Weydt , Marceliano Eduardo Fagury Videira , Gomes Cinthya Cristina 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective This study compared the shaping ability of TRUShape and XP-endo Shaper systems on C-shaped root canals replicas using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT).
Material and Methods Thirty three-dimensional replicas based on a mandibular second molar classified as C1 type I C-shaped canal were randomly divided into two groups (n = 15): TRUShape (G.TRU) and XP-endo Shaper (G.XP) and instrumented with each system according to the manufacturer's instructions. Changes in volume and surface and the unprepared area of the root canal were measured by scanning on micro-CT before and after instrumentation.
Results The unprepared areas were 39% in the G.TRU and 43% in the G.XP group with no significant difference between them (p > 0.05), but both the tested systems left a high percentage of unprepared root canal walls of C-shaped root canals.
Conclusion TRUShape and XP-endo Shaper showed a high rate of unprepared areas with similar results after C-shaped root canals replicas for root canal preparation.
The Suitability of Trabecular Patterns in the Assessment of Dental Implant Osseointegration Process through 2D Digital and 3D CBCT Radiographs
Authors: Putri Annisa , Pramanik Farina , Azhari Azhari 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective The research aims to determine the suitability of the trabecular pattern in the assessment of the dental implant osseointegration process through two-dimensional (2D) digital and three-dimensional (3D) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) radiographs.
Materials and Methods This is a correlation description that explains the relationship between variables. The population consisted of 24 data points on 3D CBCT and 2D digital radiographs from the procedure after dental implants were inserted into the tibia of a New Zealand white rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) on days 3, 14, and 28. The radiograph was selected based on the region of interest (ROI), which covers the peri-implant area with a width of 1 mm and length following the height of the implant. The ROI was analyzed for trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), separation (Tb.Sp), number (Tb.N), and fractal dimension.
Statistical Analysis The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to statistically test the data to assess the consistency of intraobserver measurements and the r value (Pearson's correlation coefficient). This determines the correlation between trabecular patterns in both radiographic modalities and the Bland–Altman plot to observe the limits of acceptable discrepancies.
Results The ICC test showed high intraobserver consistency in trabecular pattern measurements on 2D digital radiographs and 3D CBCT. The trabecular space pattern and number showed an r value of 0.88 with radiographic modalities of 0.72 mm and 0.018, respectively. Additionally, the trabecular thickness and fractal dimension had an insignificant correlation, with an r value of 0.22, and the mean of the 2D radiograph was lower than that of CBCT.
Conclusion The 2D radiograph and 3D CBCT showed correlations in the trabecular number and space results but had no correlation in the trabecular thickness and fractal dimension results. Based on intraclass correlation analysis, 3D CBCT appeared to be more reliable for measuring trabecular patterns (Tb.Th, Tb.Sp, Tb.N, and fractal dimension) than 2D radiograph.
Patient Portal Privacy: Perspectives of Adolescents and Emerging Adults Living with HIV and the Parental/Guardian Role in Supporting Their Care
Authors: Jackman Kevon-Mark P. , Ohene-Kyei Elise Tirza , Barfield Ashle , Atanda Fopefoluwa , Smith Raina , Huettner Steven , Agwu Allison , Trent Maria 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background Increasing the percentage of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), including youth, who are virally suppressed to 95% is an overall goal of the ending the HIV epidemic initiative. While patient portals have become ubiquitous, questions remain about how best to operationalize parental/guardian access to youth's patient portals in alignment with optimizing HIV care outcomes and patient preferences. This qualitative study focuses on understanding perspectives among youth with HIV (YHIV) about parental access to patient portals.
Methods Eligible participants were YHIV aged 13 to 25 years receiving care at an urban academic hospital. Semistructured individual/paired interviews were conducted between May 2022 and March 2023. Participants were asked to discuss thoughts on parental access to patient portals, and roles parents/guardians have in supporting their HIV care. Semistructured interviews were conducted with adolescent and emerging adult health care workers (HCWs) to gain perspectives on YHIV emergent themes. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim, and we conducted thematic analysis using an inductive approach to identify codes and themes.
Results Sixteen YHIV and four HCWs participated in interviews. Parental roles in coordinating HIV care ranged from supporting YHIV needs for transportation, acquiring, and taking medications, to not having any role at all. Participants shared heterogeneous perspectives about their openness to share patient portal access with their parents/guardians. Perspectives were not strictly congruent along lines of participant age or parental roles in helping youth to manage HIV care. Sharing passwords emerged both as a pathway that YHIV grant access to their accounts and a source of confusion for clinicians when parents/guardians send messages using their child's account.
Conclusion Findings suggest HCWs should initiate conversations with YHIV patients to determine preferences for parental/guardian access to their patient portal, educate on proxy access, and explain the extent of medical information that is shared with proxy accounts, regardless of age and perceived parental involvement in HIV care.
High-sensitivity electronic Stark spectrometer featuring a laser-driven light source
Authors: Huff J. S. , Duncan K. M. , van Galen C. J. , Barclay M. S. , Knowlton W. B. , Yurke B. , Davis P. H. , Turner D. B. , Stanley R. J. , Pensack R. D. 
Published: September 2023

We report developmental details of a high-sensitivity Stark absorption spectrometer featuring a laser-driven light source. The light source exhibits intensity fluctuations of ∼0.3% over timescales ranging from 1 min to 12 h, minimal drift (≤0.1%/h), and very little 1/f noise at frequencies greater than 200 Hz, which are comparable to or better than an arc-driven light source. Additional features of the spectrometer include balanced detection with multiplex sampling, which yielded lower noise in A, and constant wavelength or wavenumber (energy) spectral bandpass modes. We achieve noise amplitudes of ∼7 × 10−4 and ∼6 × 10−6 in measurements of single A and ΔA spectra (with 92 data points) taking ∼7 and ∼19 min, respectively.
Impact of growth conditions on magnetic anisotropy and magnon Hanle effect in α-Fe2O3
Authors: Scheufele M. , Gückelhorn J. , Opel M. , Kamra A. , Huebl H. , Gross R. , Geprägs S. , Althammer M. 
Published: September 2023

The antiferromagnetic insulator α-Fe2O3 (hematite), widely used in spintronics and magnonics, features a spin-reorientation transition (Morin transition) at 263 K. Thin films, however, often lack this Morin transition, limiting their potential applications. Here, we investigate the impact of different growth conditions on the magnetic anisotropy in α-Fe2O3 films to tune the Morin transition temperature. To this end, we compare the structural, magnetic, and magnon-based spin transport properties of α-Fe2O3 films with different thicknesses grown by pulsed laser deposition in molecular and atomic oxygen atmospheres. We observe a finite Morin transition for those grown by atomic-oxygen-assisted deposition, interestingly even down to 19 nm thickness, where we find a Morin transition at 125 K. In easy-plane antiferromagnets, the nature and time-evolution of the elementary excitations of the spin system are captured by the orientation and precession of the magnon pseudospin around its equilibrium pseudofield, manifesting itself in the magnon Hanle effect. We characterize this effect in these α-Fe2O3 films via all-electrical magnon transport measurements. The films grown with atomic oxygen show a markedly different magnon spin signal from those grown in molecular oxygen atmospheres. Most importantly, the maximum magnon Hanle signal is significantly enhanced, and the Hanle peak is shifted to lower magnetic field values for films grown with atomic oxygen, suggesting changes in the magnetic anisotropy due to an increased oxygen content in these films. Our findings provide new insights into the possibility to fine-tune the magnetic anisotropy in α-Fe2O3 and thereby to engineer the magnon Hanle effect.
Analysis of an accident of abnormal increase in pole bus differential current caused by DC line faults
Authors: Hu Xingyang , Li Hengxuan , Yao Qixin , Chen Kun , Zhang Longen , Zhang Kanjun 
Published: September 2023

This paper analyzes an accident of abnormal increase of pole bus differential current and pole differential current of a converter station caused by line fault of a ±800 kV extra high-voltage direct current transmission project. After a lightning strike caused a short circuit and grounding of the DC line, the sudden voltage change protection of the DC line was triggered and the DC full voltage restart was successful. The pole bus differential current and pole differential current of the converter station have reached the protection set but have not reached the protection delay set; therefore, the differential protection has not acted. This paper first introduces the configuration principles of pole differential protection, pole bus differential protection, and line voltage sudden change protection for extra-high voltage converter stations. Second, the operation of the DC protection under this fault was analyzed in detail, and the reasons for the occurrence of pole bus differential current and pole differential current were also analyzed in this paper. Then, the range of equipment that caused the abnormal increase in differential current was identified. Finally, the lightning strike model was built on the real-time digital system, and the fault was simulated and replicated. It was determined that the abnormal increase in differential current was caused by the discharge of the pole bus surge arrester caused by the second lightning strike on the DC line.
Numerical calculations of high temperature superconductors with the J-A formulation
Authors: Wang Sijian , Yong Huadong , Zhou Youhe 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
One of the main challenges in superconductivity modeling stems from the strong nonlinearity of the E-J power law relationship. To overcome this difficulty, various numerical models have been developed by the superconductivity community, such as the H formulation and the T-A formulation. These models are implemented based on different state variables in Maxwell’s equations and have the advantage of efficiency and versatility. In this study, a finite element model based on the J-A formulation is further developed to enhance its accuracy and versatility. The discontinuous Lagrange shape function is employed in the J formulation to stabilize the numerical results. Meanwhile, the Lagrange multiplier method is applied to impose the transport current on the superconductors. In terms of applications, the J-A formulation can efficiently simulate the electromagnetic responses not only of superconducting films but also of superconducting bulks. Moreover, homogeneous and multi-scale strategies are introduced to simplify the model and reduce the computation cost, allowing efficient simulation of large-scale HTS systems. Finally, the three-dimensional (3D) J-A formulation is proposed to incorporate the 3D structure of HTS systems, examples including the CORC cables as well as the racetrack coils. These results reveal that the J-A formulation is an efficient and versatile numerical method for calculating the electromagnetic behavior of high temperature superconductors.
Rapid Imaging Planetary Spectrograph
Authors: Lierle Patrick , Schmidt Carl , Baumgardner Jeffrey , Moore Luke , Lovett Emma 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Rapid Imaging Planetary Spectrograph (RIPS) was designed as a long-slit high-resolution spectrograph for the specific application of studying atmospheres of spatially extended solar system bodies. With heritage in terrestrial airglow instruments, RIPS uses an echelle grating and order-sorting filter to obtain optical spectra at resolving powers of up to R ∼ 127,000. An ultra-narrowband image from the reflective slit jaws is captured concurrently with each spectrum on the same electron-multiplying charge-coupled device detector. The “rapid” portion of RIPS’s moniker stems from its ability to capture high frame rate data streams, which enables the established technique known as “lucky imaging” to be extended to spatially resolved spectroscopy. Resonantly scattered emission lines of alkali metals, in particular, are sufficiently bright to be measured within short integration times. RIPS has mapped the distributions of Na and K emissions in Mercury’s tenuous exosphere, which exhibits dynamic behavior coupled with the planet’s plasma and meteoroid environment. An important application is daylight observation of Mercury with solar telescopes, as the synoptic context of the exosphere’s distribution comprises valuable ground-based support for the upcoming BepiColombo orbital mission. As a conventional long-slit spectrograph, RIPS has targeted the Moon’s surface-bound exosphere, where structures in line width and brightness are observed as a function of tangent altitude. At the Galilean moons, RIPS can study the plasma interaction with Io and place new constraints on the sputtered atmosphere of Europa, which in turn provides insight into the salinity of Europa’s subsurface ocean. The instrumental design and construction are described herein, and these astronomical observations are presented to illustrate the performance of RIPS as a visiting instrument at three different telescope facilities.
Quantum correlation swapping between qutrit states
Authors: Xie Chuanmei , Zhang Zhanjun , Chen Jianlan , Yin Xiaofeng , Sun Jin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this study, the qubit quantum correlation swapping (QCS) is generalized to the qutrit case. To be concrete, two qutrit Werner states are taken as the research objects and the complete set of qutrit Bell states are utilized as the intermediate two-qutrit measure to implement QCS. The popular quantum correlation measure, i.e. quantum discord (Ollivier and Zurek 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett.
88 017901), is employed to characterize and quantify quantum correlations in the concerned states. The properties of the variance and threshold of quantum correlations occurring in the swapping process are revealed, and two distinct QCS phenomena are thus observed. Moreover, it is found that the maximal amount of quantum correlations in the final state can not exceed the minimal one of these in the initial states.
Research on the Multi-probability of a Nuclear Reactor Core Digital Twins in the HeTu platform
Authors: Li Wenhuai , Cai Jiejin , Li Hansheng , Hu Shuowen , Ding Peng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Digital twin (DT) technology plays a fundamental role in innovation in the energy field. At present, research of nuclear reactor DT is mainly focused on methodologies of multi-disciplinary, multi-physical, and multi-scale coupling simulation. However, the lack of research on multi-probability seems to limit the DT application. Multi-probabilities are widely found in reactor operation, such as process measurement uncertainty, equipment degradation uncertainty, theoretical model uncertainty, and so on. How to realize the DT of the reactor system based on the multi-probability principle to achieve the real-time operation state and the remaining useful life estimation, and to realize the autonomous operation control under the uncertainties, are the current hotspot and difficult issues. The solutions of a reactor core DT platform HeTu are discussed in this paper for probability estimation and probability control based on probability programming methodologies. The results show that Bayesian estimation and model prediction control methods proposed in HeTu could obtain satisfactory results for practical application.
Study and management of flow and concentration field problems in 600 MW SCR unit
Authors: Zhao Rui , Zhang Yanan , Wang Zhekun , Xiao Han 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
With the increasingly stringent national requirements for environmental protection, the control of pollutants in coal-fired power plants has been gradually strengthened. In order to meet the NOx emission standard, some coal-fired units achieve ultra-low emissions by excessive ammonia injection, which seriously affects the unit operation economy. This paper takes the SCR denitrification unit of a 600 MW coal-fired unit with a Π-type furnace in China as the research object and studies the distribution of flow and concentration fields inside the unit under a 60% load section by means of CFD numerical simulation. It points out the problems of flow and concentration fields at local locations under current operating conditions and proposes the rectification of the corresponding area of the inflow equipment and the idea of a zonal ammonia injection optimization method. It provides a certain reference value for the optimized management of the denitrification system of coal-fired units in the future.
Effects of the supported FeOOH on catalyzing gasification of oily sludge in supercritical water
Authors: Wang Yulong , Li Kang , Jiang Huayi , Qi Hongyuan , Duan Yuanwang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
FeOOH/AC-, FeOOH/Al2O3- and FeOOH/ZnO-supported catalysts were synthesized by immersion, hydrothermal hydrolysis, and hydrothermal methods, and used for supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of oily sludge. Under the same conditions, compared to FeOOH/Al2O3 and FeOOH/ZnO, the catalytic effect of FeOOH/AC was superior. When the concentration is 5% and the loading is 10%, the hydrogen production rate with FeOOH/AC composite is the highest, which is 4.638 mmol/g, and the hydrogen gasification efficiency (HE) is 89.50%. The reaction mechanism of FeOOH composites in the SCWG was also investigated. These results indicate that FeOOH composites are potential catalysts for oily sludge treatment.
Distributed Energy Grid-Connected Dense Data Forecasting Technology Based on Federated Learning
Authors: Yang Huixuan , Su Ming , Li Xin , Zhang Ruizhao , Liu Jinhui 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Photovoltaic power generation system is one of the main clean energy power generation systems at present, which plays an important role in daily production and life. However, the photovoltaic power generation system is easily affected by various factors, and the output power will be unstable in the practical application process, which will affect the power generation efficiency. In this paper, a prediction method of distributed energy grid-connected dense data based on federated learning is constructed. This method can not only realize the short-term prediction of distributed photovoltaic power generation data, but also ensure that the data can be encrypted and modeled, thus solving the “digital island” problem. The model evaluation shows that the method in this paper performs well in short-term photovoltaic power generation prediction, and it can predict the short-term power generation of different photovoltaic power stations with high prediction accuracy. This method is of great significance to improve the management and scheduling ability and energy utilization rate of distributed photovoltaic power generation systems.
Standby Losses Reduction Method for Flywheels Energy Storage System Based on Hybrid Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation
Authors: Yang Lei , Cai Wei , Guo Qingbo , Gao Zhaopu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The flywheel energy storage system (FESS) can operate in three modes: charging, standby, and discharging. The standby mode requires the FESS drive motor to work at high speed under no load and has the longest operating time. Therefore, reducing the standby losses is of great significance for further promoting the application of FESS. In the paper, a novel modulation technique based on hybrid space vector pulse width modulation (HSVPWM) is proposed to reduce the standby losses of the FESS. By the reasonable arrangement of the zero vectors and non-zero vectors, the proposed method can reduce the switching frequency and eliminate the dead time, which reduces the standby losses of the FESS effectively. The modeling, simulation, and analysis verify the effectiveness of this method in reducing the standby loss of the FESS.