bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal water allocation integrated with water supply, replenishment, and spill in the in-series reservoir based on an improved decomposition and dynamic programming aggregation method
Authors: Xu Zuping , Gong Zhihao , Cheng Haomiao , Cheng Jilin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

In humid regions with the monsoon climate, seasonal water shortages and water spills occur alternately because of uneven temporal and spatial distributions of water resources. An optimization model for the in-series reservoir (ISR) with replenishment pumping stations was developed to obtain the minimum annual sum of water shortage and systematically considered the reservoir operation rule of water spill and replenishment. This model features multiple dimensions; dynamic programming (DP) may cause a ‘curse of dimensions’, while the decomposition-coordination method has difficulty in judging logic conditions in the reservoir operation rules. So, an improved decomposition and DP aggregation (DDPA) method was proposed. The proposed model and the method were applied to a real case in the humid region of southern China. Compared to a conventional scheduling method, the water supply was increased by 0.8% and replenishment was reduced by 2.5%. Moreover, a comparison between DDPA and six heuristic algorithms was discussed. All heuristic algorithms' objective function values only obtained local optimal solutions, and the water shortage of the system was 0.12–20.5%. The obtained results demonstrated that DDPA was the better choice for highly complex multi-reservoir systems. The proposed optimization algorithm enriched the optimization theory of multi-dimensional and multi-variable complex systems.
Norms and Institutions of International Economic Relations in the Indo-Pacific. An Epitaph for International Economic Law?
Authors: Menkes Jerzy 
Published: April 2023

The paper presents the conclusions of an analysis of the challenges globally facing the liberal economy. The author examines the internal (its contestation in “Western” countries) and external (abuse of the law and trust by WTO members not respecting the goals and principles of the organization) challenges. Regarding external challenges, the focus here is on the initiative to build a new order in the Indo-Pacific region. The thesis that as a consequence of the “West’s” assessment that the international economic legal regime is an ineffective tool for regulating the LIEO and its willingness to sustain the LIEO, the West decided to replace the legal regime with another one, and was positively verified.
The study closes with a forecast of the evolution of the regional economic order and its links to the world economy.
Molecular Mechanism of Caulis Spatholobi in the Treatment of Chronic
Myeloid Leukemia based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental
Verification
Authors: Wu Yanchun , Lian Fangfang , Chen Hongxia , Zhang Chaoyu , Wei Linli , Tian Hui 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Caulis Spatholobiis one of the necessary Chinese herbal medicines for
hematologists in the treatment of malignant tumors, but its potential targets and molecular mechanisms
need further exploration.

Objective:
This study aimed to predict the relevant targets of the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia
(CML) with Caulis Spatholobi by applying the network pharmacology method, and in vitro cell
experiments were conducted to verify the mechanism of Caulis Spatholobi in the treatment of CML.

Methods:
TCMSP, ETCM, Genecards, and GisGeNET databases were used to obtain relevant
targets of Caulis Spatholobi in the treatment of CML. Go and KEGG analyses were performed
using the David database. Using Cytoscape 3.7.2, the "active compounds-targets-pathways" network
was constructed. Further validation was carried out by pharmacological experiments in vitro.
The proliferation and apoptosis of K562 cells were observed by the MTT method and Hoechst
33242 fluorescence staining method. The predicted targets and their related signal pathways were
verified by western blotting.

Results:
In this study, 18 active compounds and 43 potential targets were obtained. The results of
the MTT method showed that compared with the normal control group, 62.5-500 μg/mL alcohol
extract of Caulis Spatholobi had an obvious inhibitory effect on K562 and the IC50 value was less
than 100 μg/mL. The Hoechst 33242 fluorescence staining method showed that the alcohol extract
of Caulis Spatholobi could promote apoptosis. The results of western blotting showed that compared
with the normal control group, the expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 proteins in the 62.5 and
125 μg/mL alcohol extract of Caulis Spatholobi groups were significantly up-regulated (p < 0.05).
The expression of Bcl-2 in the 125 μg/mL alcohol extract of the Caulis Spatholobi group was significantly
down-regulated (p < 0.01), and the expression of Bcl-2 in the 62.5 and 31.25 μg/mL alcohol
extract of Caulis Spatholobi groups was also significantly down-regulated (p < 0.05). It showed that
the ethanol extract of Caulis Spatholobus could promote apoptosis by up-regulating the expression of
Bax and caspase-3 and down-regulating the expression of the Bcl-2 protein.

Conclusion:
The treatment of Caulis Spatholobi for CML has the characteristics of multi-targets
and multi-pathways. The results of in vitro pharmacological experiments demonstrated that its
mechanism of action might be based on the expression of key target proteins, such as Caspase-3,
Bcl-2, and Bax, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting cell apoptosis, which provides
a scientific basis for the treatment of CML.
Self-nano-emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems of Atorvastatin Calcium
Liquid Filled in Hard Shell Capsules for Improved Oral Bioavailability in
Rabbits
Authors: Yadav Khushwant S. , Arora Shivani , Yasaswi P. Soma , Nirale Prabhuti , Solanki Anita , Bhat Jnanadeva 
Published: April 2023

Aims and Objectives:
Atorvastatin calcium (ATR) is a BCS class II drug showing poor
bioavailability due to limited aqueous solubility. In the present study, a self-nano-emulsifying drug
delivery system (SNEDDS) was developed and formulated as a liquid filled in a hard shell capsule
to improve the bioavailability of ATR.

Methods:
Different oils were screened through the saturated stability method, and the amount of
ATR solubilized in the respective oils was analysed through HPLC at 245nm. A ternary phase diagram
was plotted to obtain the optimized ratio of oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant to formulate
SNEDDS. The prepared ATR SNEDDS was filled into hard shell capsules, band sealed, and subjected
to various evaluations like disintegration time, self-emulsification time, precipitation time
assessment, globule size analysis and zeta potential. Then the in vitro dissolution studies were carried
out. The optimized SNEDDS formulation was filled in a hard shell capsule, and in vivo studies
were performed on rabbits to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters with the marketed formulation
and pure ATR.

Results:
Capmul MCM as the oil component showed five-fold solubility of ATR and was selected
for the preparation of ATR-SNEDDS. The SNEDDS formulation showed an entrapment efficiency
of 89.76±4.1% ATR with a globule size of 385±1.9 nm and an emulsification time of 5 seconds. It
was established from the study that liquid ATR-SNEDDS had relative bioavailability enhanced by
1.7 times in comparison to the marketed formulations (Lipvas) and 4.8 times with respect to pure
ATR.

Conclusion:
From the study, it was concluded that the bioavailability of ATR was enhanced by
formulating ATR as Liquid SNEDDS filled in hard shell capsules.
Transcriptional Factors Mediated Reprogramming to Pluripotency
Authors: Fatima Nazira , Saif Ur Rahman Muhammad , Qasim Muhammad , Ali Ashfaq Usman , Ahmed Uzair , Masoud Muhammad Shareef 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
A unique kind of pluripotent cell, i.e., Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), now being targeted
for iPSC synthesis, are produced by reprogramming animal and human differentiated cells (with no
change in genetic makeup for the sake of high efficacy iPSCs formation). The conversion of specific cells
to iPSCs has revolutionized stem cell research by making pluripotent cells more controllable for regenerative
therapy. For the past 15 years, somatic cell reprogramming to pluripotency with force expression of
specified factors has been a fascinating field of biomedical study. For that technological primary viewpoint
reprogramming method, a cocktail of four transcription factors (TF) has required: Kruppel-like factor
4 (KLF4), four-octamer binding protein 34 (OCT3/4), MYC and SOX2 (together referred to as
OSKM) and host cells. IPS cells have great potential for future tissue replacement treatments because of
their ability to self-renew and specialize in all adult cell types, although factor-mediated reprogramming
mechanisms are still poorly understood medically. This technique has dramatically improved performance
and efficiency, making it more useful in drug discovery, disease remodeling, and regenerative medicine.
Moreover, in these four TF cocktails, more than 30 reprogramming combinations were proposed, but for
reprogramming effectiveness, only a few numbers have been demonstrated for the somatic cells of humans
and mice. Stoichiometry, a combination of reprogramming agents and chromatin remodeling compounds,
impacts kinetics, quality, and efficiency in stem cell research.
Menstrual Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Severe
COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Heidari Fezzeh , Heidari Reza , Sabet Mehrdad Nasrollahzadeh , Hamidieh Amir Ali , Saltanatpour Zohreh 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a global pandemic in March 2020 and resulted in more than 6
million deaths worldwide to date. Although several vaccines were produced against COVID-19 and many
therapeutic protocols were developed for the management of this respiratory infection, COVID-19 pandemic
has still remained an unresolved problem with the emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2,
especially vaccine-resistant variants. Probably, end of the COVID-19 needs effective and certain treatments
which were undiscovered to date. According to immunomodulatory and regenerative properties,
mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been considered a therapeutic approach to suppressing cytokine
storm caused by SARS-CoV-2 and the treatmet of severe COVID-19. Following intravenous (IV) infusion
of MSCs, cells entrap in the lung, guard alveolar epithelial cells, suppress pulmonary fibrosis and
improve lung dysfunction. The human menstrual blood-derived stem cells (hMenSCs) as a novel source
of MSCs are collected by noninvasive, painless, and easy way without ethical issues. MenScs are an
abundant and cheap source with a high proliferation rate and differentiation ability into multiple cell lineages.
Regarding immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, regenerative ability and low immunogenicity,
these cells exhibit great potential in the treatment of various diseases. Some clinical trial
studies have begun using MenSCs to treat severe COVID-19. According to these trials, MenSC therapy
showed promising and encouraging results in treating severe COVID-19. We reviewed published clinical
trials and summarized the effects of MenSC therapy on severe COVID-19 with a focus on clinical and
laboratory data, immune and inflammatory factors and concluded the advantages and possible risks of this
procedure.
Role of Lipocalin-2 in N1/N2 Neutrophil Polarization After Stroke
Authors: Guo Zhiliang , Xu Guoli , Xu Jiaping , Huang Yaqian , Liu Chunfeng , Cao Yongjun 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Neutrophils and Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) play pivotal roles in cerebral ischemiareperfusion
(I/R) injury. However, their contribution is not fully clarified.

Objective:
This study aimed to explore the role of LCN2 and its association with neutrophil polarization
in I/R injury.

Methods:
A mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was used to induce cerebral
ischemia. LCN2mAb was administered 1 h and Anti-Ly6G was administered for 3d before MCAO.
The role of LCN2 in the polarity transition of neutrophils was explored using an in vitro HL-60 cell
model.

Results:
LCN2mAb pretreatment had neuroprotective effects in mice. The expression of Ly6G was
not significantly different, but the expression of N2 neutrophils was increased. In the in vitro study,
LCN2mAb-treated N1-HL-60 cells induced N2-HL-60 polarization.

Conclusion:
LCN2 may affect the prognosis of ischemic stroke by mediating neutrophil polarization.
LINC01176 Hinders Thyroid Cancer Progression by Sponging miR-146b-5p
to Enhance SGIP1
Authors: Yan Zhaodan , Yan Chong 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) plays a crucial role in tumor pathogen-esis. However, the function of most of these genes remains unclear.

Aims:
In the present study, we aimed to unveil LINC01176’s role in thyroid cancer.

Methods:
Western blotting and qRT-PCR were applied for the analysis of the expressions of LINC01176, miR-146b-5p, and SH3GL interacting endocytic adaptor 1 (SGIP1). Proliferative and migratory capabilities were assessed using the CCK-8 assay and wound-healing experiments, re-spectively. Apoptosis of the cells was studied by quantifying the apoptosis-related markers Bcl-2 and Bax by western blotting. Animal models were established using nude mice to determine the role of LINC01176 in tumorigenesis. MiR-146b-5p’s putative binding to LINC01176 and SGIP1 was validated using dual-luciferase reporter and RIP analyses.

Results:
LINC01176 expression was downregulated in the thyroid cancer cell lines and tissues. LINC01176 overexpression represses cancer cell proliferation and migration but induces apoptosis. Elevated LINC01176 expression hampers tumorigenesis in animal models. LINC01176 targeted miR-146b-5p and negatively regulated its expression. Enrichment of miR-146b-5p counteracted the functional effects of LINC01176 overexpression. Additionally, miR-146b-5p interacted with SGIP1 and negatively regulated its expression. Thus, miR-146b-5p attenuates the anti-cancer ef-fects of SGIP1.

Conclusion:
LINC01176 negatively regulates the expression miR-146b-5p and upregulates SGIP1 expression. Hence, LINC01176 blocks the malignant progression of thyroid cancer.
Dysregulation of miR-551b-5p and SETD2 Predicts Poor Prognosis and
Promotes Migration and Invasion of Thyroid Cancers
Authors: Dong Anbing , Gao Ming , Zheng Xiangqian , Ruan Xianhui 
Published: April 2023

Objective::
This study was to investigate the clinical significance of miR-551b-5p and SETD2 in thyroid cancers (TC) and their effects on the biological function of TC cells

Methods::
The expression level of miR-551b-5p and SETD2 in tumor/nontumor tissues and TC cell lines was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Subsequently, the relationship between miR-551b-5p or SETD2 expression and the clinicopathological feature was detected by Chi-square analysis. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to assess their prognostic values. Finally, the regulatory effects of miR-551b-5p and SETD2 on the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of TC cells were detected by CCK-8 and Transwell assays.

Results::
Compared with non-tumor groups, the expression of miR-551b-5p was significantly increased in patients' tissues and TC cell lines, while SETD2 mRNA expression was decreased. Patients with up-regulated miR-551b-5p or downregulated SETD2 mRNA in TC showed more positive lymph node metastasis and advanced TNM stage. High miR-551b-5p expression level and low SETD2 mRNA level were related to poor survival rate. miR-551b-5p and SETD2 might be potential prognostic biomarkers for TC. miR-551b-5p knockdown can inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting SETD2

Conclusion::
miR-551b-5p and SETD2 may be valuable prognostic biomarkers and new therapeutic targets for TC.
Degree of Concordance Between Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (Cbct) And 2d Digital Radiography System Used for Caries Diagnosis: An Observational Study
Authors: Pulido Gisela , Arango Maria , Adriana Herrera , Gaviria Ángela , Ocampo Juan , Gutiérrez Bruno , Martínez Carlos , Sinisterra Gustavo , Valencia Carlos 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Caries is a disease with a high prevalence, which may be due to the lack of adequate methods for its early diagnosis, becomes difficult to detect initial caries lesions in posterior teeth due to the occlusal anatomy of these and because on many occasions they start in the interproximal zone below the contact areas.
Different techniques have been used for the diagnosis of caries, such as visual-tactile inspection, radiography, tomography, and transillumination, but none of them seems to have complete sensitivity or specificity.

Aim:
This study aims to establish the degree of agreement between radiographic diagnosis with 2D intraoral digital radiography in relation to cone beam computed tomography in extracted carious and healthy posterior teeth, practicing the CariesCare International ™ practical guide as a reference.

Materials and Methods:
A total number of 117 teeth with or without carious lesions were selected. Digital images of all teeth were obtained from 2D digital radiographs (instrumentarium ™ films) obtained with Kavo focus equipment and CBCT scanner I-CAT ™ model 1719, ISI (imaging science international), Pennsylvania (blue sky plan 4 software).
Observers evaluated the images for the detection of carious lesions. The sensitivity and specificity ratio between the systems was determined using the area under the curve statistical tool ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic).
For the statistical analysis, the statistical program STATA IC/16 was used, in which the calculation of absolute and relative frequencies for each category of CariesCare international in CBCT and radiography was performed, in addition to the Friedman and post-hoc Wilcoxon test by pairs; the distribution according to the classification of CariesCare international was contrasted between the CBCT slices. The calculation of weighted Kappa and dichotomous Kappa and the calculation of validity (sensitivity and specificity) and prediction (predictive values and predictive ratios) were performed.
The distribution according to CariesCare international classification was contrasted between the CBCT slices.

Results:
The results of the present study confirm that diagnosis of caries with the 2D digital radiographic method, initial caries lesions tend to go undetected relative to CBCT.

Conclusion:
2D digital radiographs showed low sensitivity for caries detection and high specificity relative to CBCT for caries lesions in vitro. Diagnosis with 2D digital Rx is considered non-discriminative in identifying initial caries lesions.
Perancangan dan Pengukuran Topi COVID-19 Reminder dengan Sensor Ultrasonik HC-SR04
Authors: Setyanto Barry Nur , Pravitasari Filly , Budiastuti Pramudita , Ghozali Fanani Arief 
Published: April 2023

The development of ultrasonic sensor technology used for suitable equipment is widely carried out, such as distance sticks for the blind, floor cleaning robots, automatic garbage boxes, height measuring instruments, water volume detectors, automatic dispensers, automatic hand sanitisers, etc. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a product that can be used to limit the distance between humans is needed, so this research is focused on products for measuring distances with ultrasonic sensors. The research design method used is research and development, using the Borg and Gall approach, with step information collecting, planning, development, testing, final product and implementation. The results of this research product are designed using Arduino nano v3 hardware, battery, buzzer, and ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04. Product design was registered with Industrial Design Intellectual Property Rights with registration number A00202102408. The results of measuring the quality of the ultrasonic sensor for measuring distances on flat objects show an average error percentage of 2.94% from 10 cm to 300 cm with a distance range of 10 cm. Tests on obstacle objects (humans) at an angle of zero degrees and 15 degrees showed the best farthest measuring distance at a distance of 150 cm. So 150 cm is the best distance to apply to the hat COVID-19 reminder. The development results show that the product is ready to continue in production and sales.
Kasus Stunting sebagai Salah Satu Tantangan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan di Kota Salatiga
Authors: Safina Shafa Widad , Nugraha Adithya Thafari , Nuraini Afifah Neneng , Taradipa Farrade Dizna , Setiadi Irza Nadila Alifia , Rindika Lisa , Chairani Maulidia Savira , Aditya Muhammad Yuda , Dhafita Nadya Anindya , Pratama Rizqi Putra , Utami Tri Bekti , Fajarwati Alia , Hadiwijoyo Suryo Sakti 
Published: April 2023

Abstrak Stunting merupakan salah satu fokus pembangunan di Kota Salatiga sebagai salah satu upaya untuk mewujudkan insan yang sehat dan cerdas menuju Salatiga yang bersih dan sehat. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi stunting, menjelaskan faktor penyebab stunting, serta menganalisis strategi dan implementasi penanggulangan kasus stunting di Kota Salatiga melalui studi literatur, observasi lapangan, indepth interview dengan stakeholders, serta pengisian angket oleh keluarga terdampak stunting. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan deskriptif kuantitatif serta dilakukan triangulasi menggunakan data-data sekunder yang telah dikumpulkan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa stunting disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, seperti faktor kesehatan, faktor sosial budaya, dan faktor ekonomi yang tidak terlalu dominan. Isu stunting yang disebabkan oleh faktor dari berbagai dimensi sebisa mungkin diselesaikan dengan koordinasi berbagai pihak terkait, seperti Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah, Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan, Perlindungan anak, Pengendalian Penduduk dan Keluarga Berencana (DP3APP-KB), Kantor Urusan Agama, Puskesmas, dan tentu saja dengan dukungan masyarakat. Abstract Stunting is a development focus in Salatiga City to achieve healthy and intelligent human for the clean and health of Salatiga.. Aim of this study is to identify the condition of stunting, explain the cause, and analyze the strategy and implementation in Salatiga city by using literature review, observation, in-depth interviews with all stakeholders and also filling a questionnaire for the family who have stunting kids. Data processing was carried out using descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis and its triangulated by secondary data that had been collected. Results found that stunting is caused by many factors like health conditions, culture and society, and economy but not dominant. Therefore, stunting is caused by many factors should be done by coordination and teamwork of all stakeholders: Development Planning Agency at Sub-National Level, Department of Women's Empowerment, Child Protection, Population Control, and Family Planning (DP3APP-KB), Department of Religious Affairs, public health center, and the most is support by citizens.