bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of job autonomy on job crafting of dental hygienists
Authors: Jang Young‐Eun , Kim Nam‐Hee 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesJob autonomy focuses on the job performance and tasks of health providers with a national licence in South Korea, which affects job crafting, to develop job competency. This study was conducted to identify the influence of job autonomy on job crafting of dental hygienists.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 411 dental hygienists extracted through convenience sampling from a pool of 35,000 clinical dental hygienists in South Korea. Measuring tool are Korean version of the Job Crafting Questionnaire (JCQ‐K) and job autonomy questionnaire (JAQ). To investigate the level of job autonomy and crafting of dental hygienists based on their general characteristics, t‐tests and one‐way ANOVAs were performed. Pearson correlation was performed to determine the linear correlation between autonomy and crafting. To determine whether job autonomy affects job crafting, an adjusted regression analysis was conducted using general characteristics as control variables.ResultsHigh job autonomy and job crafting were associated with increases in participant age with job experience as a senior staff, education level, and work environment, such as dental office or hospital. A significant positive correlation was observed (r = 0.64) between job autonomy and job crafting. Job autonomy (β = 0.58) and dental/medical hospital in university (β = 0.13) had a significant relationship with dental hygienists' job crafting.ConclusionsJob autonomy could positively influence the job crafting of dental hygienists in South Korea. Our findings suggest that job latitude should be redesigned to promote task competency and social responsibility with a health outcome perspective for the population as well as the dental hygiene profession.
Machine learning in Al2TiO5 flexible ceramics with microcrcaks strengthened for damage mode automatic identification
Authors: Shan Qingliang , Ma Qian , Xue Yudong , Li Haolin , Yang Xiaoyan , Shui Anze 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe damage modes of Al2TiO5 flexible ceramics (AT) with microcracks strengthened were studied by machine leaning for damage mode identification. Results show that the optimal number of clusters increases from 3 to 4 with the increase of ZrO2 content. Meanwhile, the concentrated region of cluster with the same label gradually shifts to the direction of low amplitude with increase of ZrO2. In addition, the quantity of cluster is easy saturated since the AT grain boundary microcracks are strengthened by the formation of ZrTiO4. For achieving the automatic identification of different damage modes, support vector machine based on Kennard‐stone training set selection was used to distinguish the damage modes of other samples in the same sample set. Almost the same evolution trend of corresponding clusters in new samples and training samples proves high efficiencies of this method.
Effect on bread properties of partial substitution of wheat flour with oat flour and flour from oat grain germinated in the light or dark
Authors: He Xinyi , Li Xiao , Chen Dongfang , Huang Shirong , Tao Nengguo 
Published: February 2023

SummaryNative oat flour (NOF), light‐germinated oat flour (LOF), and dark‐germinated oat flour (DOF) were used to replace a portion of wheat flour to make bread. Adding 10% (w/w) oat flour contributed to a lower specific volume and darker crust and crumb than control, while light treatment during germination, significantly affected these three indices. Adding oat flour increased the hardness and chewiness values of bread crumbs by nearly 1–2‐fold compared to the control. Adding oat flour especially germinated oat flour significantly increased the bio‐accessible polyphenol content of bread. Compared to the control, the predicted glycaemic index (pGI) value of oat bread was substantially lower. Adding oat flour especially germinated oat flour to bread has the potential to increase bio‐accessible phenolic content and decrease pGI value, but the successful application requires further studies to optimise formulation considering the poor textural characteristics.
Application of dry fractional crystallisation on High‐Oleic Low‐Palmitic red palm super olein production
Authors: Mulyono Manda Edy , Lubis M. Edwin Syahputra , Yudanto Bagus Giri , Panjaitan Frisda Rimbun , Rizki Ilmi Fadhilah , Bajra Brahmani Dewa 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThe health benefits of unsaturated fatty acids and palm oil phytonutrients have prompted various studies on red palm oil (RPO). This study aims to produce RPO that contains high oleic and low palmitic acid compositions. Dry fractional crystallisation was carried out on RPO at temperatures of 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C for 1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h. High‐Oleic Low‐Palmitic Red Palm Super Olein (HOLP‐RPSO) was successfully obtained from dry fractional crystallisation at Tc 15 °C for 24 h with a composition of oleic acid >47%, a palmitic acid of <37% and an iodine value of 63.58. Triacylglycerol analysis of HOLP‐RPSO revealed a reduction of dipalmitoyl oleoyl glycerol (POP), while palmitoyl dioleoyl glycerol (POO) content improved through crystallisation. The obtained HOLP‐RPSO also contained more carotene, vitamin E and squalene than the raw material. In addition, modification of the filtration method improved the quality of the crystallisation products through the increase of the iodine value and improving the fatty acid profile.
Climate‐influenced boreotropical survival and rampant introgressions explain the thriving of New World grapes in the north temperate zone
Authors: Nie Ze‐Long , Hodel Richard , Ma Zhi‐Yao , Johnson Gabriel , Ren Chen , Meng Ying , Ickert‐Bond Stefanie M. , Liu Xiu‐Qun , Zimmer Elizabeth , Wen Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe north temperate region was characterized by a warm climate and a rich thermophilic flora before the Eocene, but early diversifications of the temperate biome under global climate change and biome shift remain uncertain. Moreover, it is becoming clear that hybridization/introgression is an important driving force of speciation in plant diversity. Here, we applied analyses from biogeography and phylogenetic networks to account for both introgression and incomplete lineage sorting based on genomic data from the New World Vitis, a charismatic component of the temperate North American flora with known and suspected gene flow among species. Biogeographic inference and fossil evidence suggest that the grapes were widely distributed from North America to Europe during the Paleocene to the Eocene, followed by widespread extinction and survival of relicts in the tropical New World. During the climate warming in the early Miocene, a Vitis ancestor migrated northward from the refugia with subsequent diversification in the North American region. We found strong evidence for widespread incongruence and reticulate evolution among nuclear genes within both recent and ancient lineages of the New World Vitis. Furthermore, the organellar genomes showed strong conflicts with the inferred species tree from the nuclear genomes. Our phylogenomic analyses provided an important assessment of the wide occurrence of reticulate introgression in the New World Vitis, which potentially represents one of the most important mechanisms for the diversification of Vitis species in temperate North America and even the entire temperate Northern Hemisphere. The scenario we report here may be a common model of temperate diversification of flowering plants adapted to the global climate cooling and fluctuation in the Neogene.
Algae obscura: The potential of rare species as model systems
Authors: Van Etten Julia , Benites Luiz Felipe , Stephens Timothy G. , Yoon Hwan Su , Bhattacharya Debashish 
Published: February 2023

AbstractModel organism research has provided invaluable knowledge about foundational biological principles. However, most of these studies have focused on species that are in high abundance, easy to cultivate in the lab, and represent only a small fraction of extant biodiversity. Here, we present three examples of rare algae with unusual features that we refer to as “algae obscura.” The Cyanidiophyceae (Rhodophyta), Glaucophyta, and Paulinella (rhizarian) lineages have all transitioned out of obscurity to become models for fundamental evolutionary research. Insights have been gained into the prevalence and importance of eukaryotic horizontal gene transfer, early Earth microbial community dynamics, primary plastid endosymbiosis, and the origin of Archaeplastida. By reviewing the research that has come from the exploration of these organisms, we demonstrate that underappreciated algae have the potential to help us formulate, refine, and substantiate core hypotheses and that such organisms should be considered when establishing future model systems.
Impact of treatment with direct‐acting antivirals on inflammatory markers and autoantibodies in HIV/HCV co‐infected individuals
Authors: Rossotti Roberto , Merli Marco , Baiguera Chiara , Bana Nicholas Brian , Rezzonico Leonardo Francesco , D'Amico Federico , Raimondi Alessandro , Moioli Maria Cristina , Chianura Leonardo Gerolamo , Puoti Massimo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHCV infection could have extrahepatic manifestations due to an aberrant immune response. HCV/HIV co‐infection increases such persistent immune activation. Aim of the present study is to describe the evolution of inflammatory markers used in clinical practice, mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) and autoantibody reactivity in co‐infected individuals who achieved sustained virological response (SVR) after DAA treatment. This prospective, observational study included all HIV/HCV co‐infected subjects who started any DAA regimen from 2015 to 2020. Samples for laboratory measurements (ferritin, C reactive protein, C3 and C4 fractions, rheumatoid factor, MC, anti‐thyroglobulin Ab, anti‐thyroid peroxidase Ab, ANCA, ASMA, anti‐LKM, anti‐DNA, AMA, ANA, T CD4+ and CD8+ cell count, and CD4/CD8 ratio) were collected at baseline, after 4 weeks, at end of treatment, and at SVR12. The analysis included 129 individuals: 51.9% with a F0–F3 fibrosis and 48.1% with liver cirrhosis. Cryocrit, C3 fraction, and rheumatoid factor significantly improved at week 4; ferritin, anti‐thyroglobulin Ab, and C4 fraction at EOT; total leukocytes count at SVR12. MC positivity decreased from 72.8% to 35.8% (p < .001). T CD4+ cell slightly increased at SVR12, but with an increase also in CD8+ resulting in stable CD4/CD8 ratio. Autoantibody reactivity did not change significantly. ANA rods and rings positivity increased from 14.8% to 28.6% (p = .099): they were observed in three subjects without exposure to RBV. DAA therapy may lead to improvement in inflammatory markers and MC clearance but without significant changes in autoantibodies reactivity and CD4/CD8 ratio over a follow up of 12 weeks.
Muscleblind‐like 2 knockout shifts adducin 1 isoform expression and alters dendritic spine dynamics of cortical neurons during brain development
Authors: Huang Chia‐Wei , Lee Kuang‐Yung , Lin Peng‐Tzu , Nian Fang‐Shin , Cheng Haw‐Yuan , Chang Chien‐Hui , Liao Cheng‐Yen , Su Yen‐Lin , Seah Carol , Li Ching , Chen Yu‐Fu , Lee Mei‐Hsuan , Tsai Jin‐Wu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsMuscleblind‐like 2 (MBNL2) plays a crucial role in regulating alternative splicing during development and mouse loss of MBNL2 recapitulates brain phenotypes in myotonic dystrophy (DM). However, the mechanisms underlying DM neuropathogenesis during brain development remain unclear. In this study, we aim to investigate the impact of MBNL2 elimination on neuronal development by Mbnl2 conditional knockout (CKO) mouse models.MethodsTo create Mbnl2 knockout neurons, cDNA encoding Cre‐recombinase was delivered into neural progenitors of Mbnl2flox/flox mouse brains by in utero electroporation. The morphologies and dynamics of dendritic spines were monitored by confocal and two‐photon microscopy in brain slices and live animals from the neonatal period into adulthood. To investigate the underlying molecular mechanism, we further detected the changes in the splicing and molecular interactions of proteins associated with spinogenesis.ResultsWe found that Mbnl2 knockout in cortical neurons decreased dendritic spine density and dynamics in adolescent mice. Mbnl2 ablation caused the adducin 1 (ADD1) isoform to switch from adult to fetal with a frameshift, and the truncated ADD1 failed to interact with alpha‐II spectrin (SPTAN1), a critical protein for spinogenesis. In addition, expression of ADD1 adult isoform compensated for the reduced dendritic spine density in cortical neurons deprived of MBNL2.ConclusionMBNL2 plays a critical role in maintaining the dynamics and homeostasis of dendritic spines in the developing brain. Mis‐splicing of downstream ADD1 may account for the alterations and contribute to the DM brain pathogenesis.
An optimized hydroponic pipeline for large‐scale identification of wheat genotypes with resilient biological nitrification inhibition activity
Authors: Jáuregui Iván , Vega‐Mas Izargi , Delaplace Pierre , Vanderschuren Hervé , Thonar Cécile 
Published: February 2023

Summary

Several plant species have been reported to inhibit nitrification via their root exudates, the so‐called biological nitrification inhibition (BNI). Given the potential of BNI‐producing plants to sustainably mitigate N losses in agrosystems, identification of BNI activity in existing germplasms is of paramount importance.

A hydroponic system was combined with an optimized Nitrosomonas europaea‐based bioassay to determine the BNI activity of root exudates. The pipeline allows collecting and processing hundreds of root exudates simultaneously. An additional assay was established to assess the potential bactericide effect of the root exudates.

The pipeline was used to unravel the impact of developmental stage, temperature and osmotic stress on the BNI trait in selected wheat genotypes. Biological nitrification inhibition activity appeared consistently higher in wheat at the pretillering stage as compared to the tillering stage. While low‐temperatures did not alter BNI activities in root exudates, osmotic stress appeared to change the BNI activity in a genotype‐dependent manner. Further analysis of Nitrosomonas culture after pre‐exposure to root exudates suggested that BNI activity has no or limited bactericide effects.

The present pipeline will be instrumental to further investigating the dynamics of BNI activity and to uncover the diversity of the BNI trait in plant species.
CRISPRi in Xanthomonas demonstrates functional convergence of transcription activator‐like effectors in two divergent pathogens
Authors: Zárate‐Chaves Carlos Andrés , Audran Corinne , Medina Culma César Augusto , Escalon Aline , Javegny Stéphanie , Gagnevin Lionel , Thomas Emilie , Pimparé Léa‐Lou , López Camilo E. , Jacobs Jonathan M. , Noël Laurent D. , Koebnik Ralf , Bernal Adriana Jimena , Szurek Boris 
Published: February 2023

Summary

Functional analysis of large gene families in plant pathogens can be cumbersome using classical insertional mutagenesis. Additionally, Cas9 toxicity has limited the application of CRISPR–Cas9 for directed mutagenesis in bacteria.

Here, we successfully applied a CRISPR interference strategy to investigate the cryptic role of the transcription activator‐like effector (tale) multigene family in several plant‐pathogenic Xanthomonas bacterial species, owing to their contribution to pathogen virulence.

Single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) designed against Xanthomonas phaseoli pv manihotis tale conserved gene sequences efficiently silenced expression of all tales, with concomitant decrease in virulence and TALE‐induced host gene expression. The system is readily translatable to other Xanthomonas species infecting rice, citrus, Brassica, and cassava, silencing up to 16 tales in a given strain using a single sgRNA. Complementation with plasmid‐borne designer tales lacking the sgRNA‐targeted sequence restored molecular and virulence phenotypes in all pathosystems.

Our results evidenced that X. campestris pv campestris CN08 tales are relevant for symptom development in cauliflower. They also show that the MeSWEET10a sugar transporter is surprisingly targeted by the nonvascular cassava pathogen X. cassavae, highlighting a new example of TALE functional convergence between phylogenetically distant Xanthomonas. Overall, this novel technology provides a platform for discovery and rapid functional understanding of highly conserved gene families.
Two pathogen loci determine Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici virulence to wheat resistance gene Pm1a
Authors: Kloppe Tim , Whetten Rebecca B. , Kim Saet‐Byul , Powell Oliver R. , Lück Stefanie , Douchkov Dimitar , Whetten Ross W. , Hulse‐Kemp Amanda M. , Balint‐Kurti Peter , Cowger Christina 
Published: February 2023

Summary

Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) is a globally important fungal pathogen of wheat that can rapidly evolve to defeat wheat powdery mildew (Pm) resistance genes. Despite periodic regional deployment of the Pm1a resistance gene in US wheat production, Bgt strains that overcome Pm1a have been notably nonpersistent in the United States, while on other continents, they are more widely established.

A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to map sequence variants associated with Pm1a virulence in 216 Bgt isolates from six countries, including the United States. A virulence variant apparently unique to Bgt isolates from the United States was detected in the previously mapped gene AvrPm1a (BgtE‐5612) on Bgt chromosome 6; an in vitro growth assay suggested no fitness reduction associated with this variant.

A gene on Bgt chromosome 8, Bgt‐51526, was shown to function as a second determinant of Pm1a virulence, and despite < 30% amino acid identity, BGT‐51526 and BGTE‐5612 were predicted to share > 85% of their secondary structure. A co‐expression study in Nicotiana benthamiana showed that BGTE‐5612 and BGT‐51526 each produce a PM1A‐dependent hypersensitive response.

More than one member of a B. graminis effector family can be recognized by a single wheat immune receptor, and a two‐gene model is necessary to explain virulence to Pm1a.
Magnaporthe oryzae endoplasmic reticulum membrane complex regulates the biogenesis of membrane proteins for pathogenicity
Authors: Liu Ning , Huang Manna , Liang Xinyuan , Cao Miao , Lun Zhiqin , Zhang Yan , Yang Jun , Bhadauria Vijai , Zhao Wensheng , Yan Jiye , Peng You‐Liang , Lu Xunli 
Published: February 2023

Summary
In eukaryotes, the majority of newly synthesized integral membrane proteins are inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane before transferred to their functional sites. The conserved ER membrane complex (EMC) takes part in the insertion process for tail‐anchored membrane proteins. However, the function of EMC in phytopathogenic fungi has not been characterized.
Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of two EMC subunits MoEmc5 and MoEmc2 in Magnaporthe oryzae. The knockout mutants ΔMoemc5 and ΔMoemc2 exhibit substantial defect in autophagy, pathogenicity, cell wall integrity, and magnesium ion sensitivity.
We demonstrate that the autophagy process was severely impaired in the ΔMoemc5 and ΔMoemc2 mutants because of the low‐protein steady‐state level of Atg9, the sole membrane‐associated autophagy protein. Furthermore, the protein level of membrane proteins Chs4, Fks1, and MoMnr2 is also significantly reduced in the ΔMoemc5 and ΔMoemc2 strains, leading to their supersensitivity to Calcofluor white, Congo red, and magnesium. In addition, MoEmc5, but not MoEmc2, acts as a magnesium transporter independent of its EMC function.
Magnaporthe oryzae EMC regulates the biogenesis of membrane proteins for autophagy and virulence; therefore, EMC subunits could be potential targets for fungicide design in the future.
Detection of type III effector‐induced transcription factors that regulate phytohormone content during symbiosis establishment in soybean
Authors: Lu Wencheng , Zheng Zefeng , Kang Qinglin , Liu Hongji , Jia Hongchang , Yu Fenghao , Zhang Yuxin , Han Dezhi , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Yan Xiaofei , Huo Mingqi , Wang Jinhui , Chen Qingshan , Zhao Ying , Xin Dawei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSoybean is a pivotal protein and oil crop that utilizes atmospheric nitrogen via symbiosis with rhizobium soil bacteria. Rhizobial type III effectors (T3Es) are essential regulators during symbiosis establishment. However, how the transcription factors involved in the interaction between phytohormone synthesis and type III effectors are connected is unclear. To detect the responses of phytohormone and transcription factor genes to rhizobial type III effector NopAA and type III secretion system, the candidate genes underlying soybean symbiosis were identified using RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) and phytohormone content analysis of soybean roots infected with wild‐type Rhizobium and its derived T3E mutant. Via RNA‐seq analysis the WRKY and ERF transcription factor families were identified as the most differentially expressed factors in the T3E mutant compared with the wild‐type. Next, qRT‐PCR was used to confirm the candidate genes Glyma.09g282900, Glyma.08g018300, Glyma.18g238200, Glyma.03g116300, Glyma.07g246600, Glyma.16g172400 induced by S. fredii HH103, S. fredii HH103ΩNopAA, and S. fredii HH103ΩRhcN. Since the WRKY and ERF families may regulate abscisic acid (ABA) content and underlying nodule formation, we performed phytohormone content analysis at 0.5 and 24 h post‐inoculation (hpi). A significant change in ABA content was found between wild Rhizobium and type III effector mutant. Our results support that NopAA can promote the establishment of symbiosis by affecting the ABA signaling pathways by regulating WRKY and ERF which regulate the phytohormone signaling pathway. Specifically, our work provides insights into a signaling interaction of prokaryotic effector‐induced phytohormone response involved in host signaling that regulates the establishment of symbiosis and increases nitrogen utilization efficiency in soybean plants.
Effects of a disability‐simulating learning unit on ableism of final‐year dental students – a pilot study
Authors: Hillebrecht Anna‐Lena , Steffens Simone , Roesner Anuschka Josephine , Kohal Ralf‐Joachim , Vach Kristin , Spies Benedikt C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to describe a disability‐simulating learning unit (DSLU) to raise dental students’ awareness of the special needs of patients with disabilities as well as to measure the effect of the DSLU on ableism.MethodsA DSLU among final‐year undergraduate dental students (n = 33), was developed and evaluated. The students were randomly divided into two groups (Group I, n = 17; Group II, n = 16). Group II only received conventional teaching (control group), whereas Group I was additionally exposed to the DSLU (intervention group). In the DSLU, typical physical restrictions and the associated difficulties in attending dental appointments were simulated with the help of simulation suits. Four different stations offered the opportunity to experience typical signs of disability in a dental context. About 2 months after the DSLU, both groups were asked to answer the Symbolic Ableism Scale (SAS). An analysis was conducted to examine the participants’ average total score and several subscores. The Mann–Whitney U Test was employed to control the differences between the study groups.ResultsOverall, the students in the intervention group had a significantly (p = .001) lower mean SAS summary score (median = .37; IQR .32–.42) than the students in the control group (median = .50; IQR .39–.53). For the components “individualism” (p < .0001) and “excessive demands” (p = .002) significant group differences could be observed.ConclusionThe DSLU is a potentially feasible and effective method for influencing students’ ableism attitude.