bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Controlled Atmosphere Cone Calorimeter: A Literature Review
Authors: Bray Robert John , Tretsiakova-McNally Svetlana , Zhang Jianping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCone calorimeters are widely used to assess heat release parameters and flammability of combustible materials, but their use is limited for applications where the global equivalence ratio (GER) exceeds one, because they can only replicate burning in open conditions. The standardisation of the controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter (CACC) in the ISO/TS 5660-5:2020 offers an opportunity to investigate the potential advantages and limitations of this apparatus. This paper presents a detailed review of existing studies conducted using the CACC. The review is aimed at examining the importance of atmospheric control for bench-scale experimental methods and the research-based development of key features of the apparatus. In addition, it highlights the research yet to be carried out to optimise the use of CACC as a tool in fire science. The effects of various design parameters are discussed including the method used for GER control, the chimney, the chamber, the gas inflow rate and others. Despite standardisation, it is concluded that there is limited consensus on optimal CACC control variables. A lack of consensus has led to significantly different testing conditions even where researchers use the same materials and have similar research objectives. The lack of best practice, particularly with regards to a gas sampling location and the method of GER control, motivates the need for further research so as to improve the value of data collected, reduce uncertainty and optimise CACC reproducibility.
Child Neuropsychological Functioning and Interpersonal Callousness as Predictors of Externalising Behaviour in Early Adolescence: A Prospective Population-based Study
Authors: de Graaf Isabel E. , Bolhuis Koen , Cecil Charlotte A. M. , White Tonya H. , van Dongen Josanne D. M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExternalizing problems are a key predictor of individual functioning in adulthood. Therefore, identifying possible risk factors for externalising problems is valuable for optimising prevention and treatment programmes. Previous research has shown that (domains of) neuropsychological functioning predict externalising problems later in life. However, the influence of callous traits, and sex as potential moderators in this relation remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine associations between neuropsychological functioning in children (at age 8 years) and later externalising behaviour in adolescence (at age 14 years), as well as to test the role of callous traits (at age 10 years) and sex as moderating factors. The analyses were conducted using data from 661 Dutch children from the population-based Generation R Study (47.2% female). We found no association between neuropsychological functioning and later externalising behaviour. However, callous traits predicted externalising problems at age 14 years. Further, callous traits moderated the association between neuropsychological functioning and externalising behaviour, though this association dropped below the statistical significance level when adjusted for confounders. Specifically, while higher neuropsychological functioning was associated with more externalising behaviour in children with high callous traits, lower neuropsychological functioning was not associated with externalising behaviour in children with low callous traits. Although boys showed significantly higher externalising behaviours compared to girls, no moderating effect of sex was found on the association between neuropsychological functioning and externalising behaviour. These results add to a growing body of evidence supporting a distinct neurocognitive profile in children with high vs low callousness.
China’s growing influence in the global carrageenan industry and implications for Indonesia
Authors: Zhang Jing , Waldron Scott , Langford Zannie , Julianto Boedi , Komarek Adam Martin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChina has reconfigured the global value chains of a wide range of commodities. This includes carrageenan, a polysaccharide extracted from specific types of red seaweeds used as a gelling and thickening agent in a wide range of applications. In the past 20 years, China has moved to centre stage in the global carrageenan processing sector, with wide-ranging implications for seaweed producing nations and farmers. This is especially the case for Indonesia, a pivotal carrageenan seaweeds producer that exports almost all seaweed to China, cemented by large Chinese investments in processing in Indonesia. Despite the importance, there is a dearth of studies on the Chinese domestic industry and associated trade and investment flows. This study fills the gap by triangulating a range of detailed industry, statistical and interview data, in multiple language sources. It finds that Chinese trade and investment linkages is of net benefit to Indonesia but that Indonesian government agencies at both central and local levels can begin to introduce terms in their favour.
Full charge incorporation in ab initio simulations of two-dimensional semiconductor-based devices
Authors: Duflou Rutger , Houssa Michel , Afzalian Aryan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractQuantum transport simulations based on the non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism require accurate integration of the charges in the system. We demonstrate our implementation of a full charge integration scheme, which automatically incorporates electronic screening effects and is predicted to incorporate interface charges more correctly than the simpler excess charge approach. We first show that under certain conditions the two approaches are equivalent, e.g., for single doping type purely semiconducting devices. We then demonstrate that for devices containing metals, the two approaches may sometimes demonstrate significantly different behavior.
It Takes a Hui: Evaluating Outcomes of Family Hui, a Peer-led Parenting Program
Authors: Zhuang Winnie , Yonehiro Jade Noelani , Roberts Lucy Morse , Lopez Martha , Munakata Yuko 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), potentially traumatic life events that may occur during childhood (i.e., abuse, neglect, and household challenges), affect as many as 58% of children in the United States. Evidence suggests that interventions focused on strengthening individual, family, and community level protective factors could help mitigate the negative effects of ACEs on children’s development and potentially reduce overall exposure to ACEs. While parent education programs often target ACEs prevention at the individual level (i.e., only the parents or the child), peer-to-peer support groups can go a step further to help build protective factors at the individual, family, and community levels. The current study evaluated Lead4Tomorrow’s Family Hui 12-week program, a peer-led parenting program, before and after the addition of ACEs and resilience materials. In post-participation ratings of program participants, parents who completed the Family Hui program that included ACEs and resilience materials (the Bloom curriculum; n = 235) reported overall better learning outcomes and program ratings than those who completed the program before these materials were added (the original curriculum; n = 235). Importantly, non-English speaking parents (those who were administered the Farsi or Spanish versions of the curriculum) benefited as much as, if not more, than English-speaking parents. Future research should investigate the long-term effects of the Family Hui program and the Bloom curriculum on family and community ACEs related outcomes and compare the effects of peer-led parenting programs and other ACEs prevention approaches.
Synergies of material and geometrical non-linearities allow for the tuning of damping properties of functionally graded composite materials
Authors: Romanò Jacopo , Garavaglia Lorenzo , Lazzari Fabio , Volontè Francesco , Briatico Vangosa Francesco , Pittaccio Simone 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, we present an alternative fabrication technique to obtain functionally graded polymer–metal composites. The aim is to obtain a composite material with a graded damping factor, which is provided by the presence of pseudoelastic nickel–titanium (NiTi) fibres within an epoxy resin matrix. A preliminary dynamic mechanical characterisation of the NiTi wire revealed a pre-strain dependency of its damping factor. By fabricating wires with curved geometries in the free state, we were able to obtain fibres with a graded level of pre-strain when straightened. This feature in turn imparts a graded damping response. When encapsulating the straightened fibres in an epoxy resin, the graded damping response is transferred to the composite.
Externalities in the M/G/1 queue: LCFS-PR versus FCFS
Authors: Jacobovic Royi , Levering Nikki , Boxma Onno 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConsider a stable M/G/1 system in which, at time $$t=0$$

t
=
0

, there are exactly n customers with residual service times equal to $$v_1,v_2,\ldots ,v_n$$

v
1

,

v
2

,
…
,

v
n

. In addition, assume that there is an extra customer c who arrives at time $$t=0$$

t
=
0

and has a service requirement of x. The externalities which are created by c are equal to the total waiting time that others will save if her service requirement is reduced to zero. In this work, we study the joint distribution (parameterized by $$n,v_1,v_2,\ldots ,v_n,x$$

n
,

v
1

,

v
2

,
…
,

v
n

,
x

) of the externalities created by c when the underlying service distribution is either last-come, first-served with preemption or first-come, first-served. We start by proving a decomposition of the externalities under the above-mentioned service disciplines. Then, this decomposition is used to derive several other results regarding the externalities: moments, asymptotic approximations as $$x\rightarrow \infty $$

x
→
∞

, asymptotics of the tail distribution, and a functional central limit theorem.
Cognitive impairment and health-related quality of life amongst older Australians: evidence from a longitudinal investigation
Authors: Keramat Syed Afroz , Lee Vanessa , Patel Rajat , Hashmi Rubayyat , Comans Tracy 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Australia’s population is steadily growing older, with older persons expected to make up over 20% of the population by 2066. Ageing is strongly associated with a significant drop in cognitive ability, ranging from mild cognitive impairment to severe cognitive impairment (dementia). This study examined the association between cognitive impairment and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older Australians.

Methods
Two waves of longitudinal data from the nationally representative Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey were utilised, with the age cut-off for older Australians defined as above 50. The final analysis included 10,737 person-year observations from 6892 unique individuals between 2012 and 2016. This study utilised the Backwards Digit Span (BDS) test and Symbol Digit Modalities test (SDMT) to assess cognitive function. HRQoL was measured using the physical and mental component summary scores of the SF-36 Health Survey (PCS and MCS). Additionally, HRQoL was measured using health state utility values (SF-6D score). A longitudinal random-effects GLS regression model was used to analyse the association between cognitive impairment and HRQoL.

Results
This study found that approximately 89% of Australian adults aged 50 or older had no cognitive impairment, 10.16% had moderate cognitive impairment, and 0.72% had severe cognitive impairment. This study also found that moderate and severe cognitive impairment were both negatively associated with HRQoL. Older Australians with moderate cognitive impairment scored worse on the PCS (β = − 1.765, SE = 0.317), MCS (β = − 1.612, SE = 0.326), and SF-6D (β = − 0.024, SE = 0.004) than peers without cognitive impairment given other covariates reference categories remain constant. Older adults experiencing severe cognitive had lower PCS (β = − 3.560, SE = 1.103), and SF-6D (β = − 0.034, SE = 0.012) scores compared to their counterparts with no cognitive impairment given other covariates reference categories remain constant.

Conclusion
We found evidence that HRQoL is negatively associated with cognitive impairment. Our findings will be beneficial for the future cost-effectiveness intervention targeted at reducing cognitive impairment since it provides information on the disutility associated with moderate and severe cognitive impairment.
The creation of digital innovative start-ups: the role of digital knowledge spillovers and digital skill endowment
Authors: Colombelli Alessandra , Paolucci Emilio , Raguseo Elisabetta , Elia Gianluca 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBuilding on the Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship (KSTE) and the Digital Entrepreneurial Ecosystem (DEE) approach, this paper investigates the relationship between the local availability of digital knowledge (i.e., digital knowledge spillovers and digital skill endowment) and the creation of digital innovative start-ups in Italian NUTS3 regions. The obtained results show that both elements are significant for the creation of digital innovative start-ups at the province level, and a two-fold contribution has been made: from a theory perspective, an extension of KSTE to digital settings has been used to assess the relevance of geographical issues, while, from a DEE perspective, the study contributes by empirically analyzing the specific characteristics of the local ecosystem that can affect the creation of digital innovative start-ups. Finally, we discuss the implications for entrepreneurship and technology policy at the local level.
Energy-efficient computation offloading using hybrid GA with PSO in internet of robotic things environment
Authors: El Menbawy Noha , Ali Hesham A. , Saraya Mohamed S. , Ali-Eldin Amr M. T. , Abdelsalam Mohamed M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) is an integration between autonomous robots and the Internet of Things (IoT) based on smart connectivity. It's critical to have intelligent connectivity and excellent communication for IoRT integration with digital platforms in order to maintain real-time engagement based on efficient consumer power in new-generation IoRT apps. The proposed model will be utilized to determine the optimal way of task offloading for IoRT devices for reducing the amount of energy consumed in IoRT environment and achieving the task deadline constraints. The approach is implemented based on fog computing to reduce the communication overhead between edge devices and the cloud. To validate the efficacy of the proposed schema, an extensive statistical simulation was conducted and compared to other related works. The proposed schema is evaluated against the Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), and Salp Swarm Algorithm to confirm its effectiveness. After 200 iterations, our proposed schema was found to be the most effective in reducing energy, achieving a reduction of 22.85%. This was followed closely by GA and ABC, which achieved reductions of 21.5%. ALO, WOA, PSO, and GWO were found to be less effective, achieving energy reductions of 19.94%, 17.21%, 16.35%, and 11.71%, respectively. The current analytical results prove the effectiveness of the suggested energy consumption optimization strategy. The experimental findings demonstrate that the suggested schema reduces the energy consumption of task requests more effectively than the current technological advances.
Partial-order reduction in reachability-based response-time analyses of limited-preemptive DAG tasks
Authors: Ranjha Sayra , Gohari Pourya , Nelissen Geoffrey , Nasri Mitra 
Published: June 2023

AbstractResponse-time analysis (RTA) has been a means to evaluate the temporal correctness of real-time systems since the 1970 s. While early analyses were successful in capturing the exact upper bound on the worst-case response-time (WCRT) of systems with relatively simple computing platforms and task activation models, nowadays we see that most existing RTAs either become pessimistic or do not scale well as systems become more complex (e.g., parallel tasks running on a multicore platform). To make a trade-off between accuracy and scalability, recently, a new reachability-based RTA, called schedule-abstraction graph (SAG), has been proposed. The analysis is at least three orders of magnitude faster than other exact RTAs based on UPPAAL. However, it still has a fundamental limitation in scalability as it suffers from state-space explosion when there are large uncertainties in the timing parameters of the input jobs (e.g., large release jitters or execution-time variations). This could impede its applicability to large industrial use cases, or to be integrated with automated tools that explore alternative design choices. In this paper, we improve the scalability of the SAG analysis by introducing partial-order reduction rules that avoid combinatorial exploration of all possible scheduling decisions. We include systems with dependent and independent task execution models (i.e., with and without precedence constraint). Our empirical evaluations show that the proposed solution is able to reduce the runtime by five orders of magnitude and the number of explored states by 98% in comparison to the original SAG analysis. These achievements come only at a negligible cost of an over-estimation of 0.1% on the actual WCRT. We applied our solution on an automotive case study showing that it is able to scale to realistic systems made of hundreds of tasks for which the original analysis fails to finish.
The Ethics of Terminology: Can We Use Human Terms to Describe AI?
Authors: Deroy Ophelia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite facing significant criticism for assigning human-like characteristics to artificial intelligence, phrases like “trustworthy AI” are still commonly used in official documents and ethical guidelines. It is essential to consider why institutions continue to use these phrases, even though they are controversial. This article critically evaluates various reasons for using these terms, including ontological, legal, communicative, and psychological arguments. All these justifications share the common feature of trying to justify the official use of terms like “trustworthy AI” by appealing to the need to reflect pre-existing facts, be it the ontological status, ways of representing AI or legal categories. The article challenges the justifications for these linguistic practices observed in the field of AI ethics and AI science communication. In particular, it takes aim at two main arguments. The first is the notion that ethical discourse can move forward without the need for philosophical clarification, bypassing existing debates. The second justification argues that it’s acceptable to use anthropomorphic terms because they are consistent with the common concepts of AI held by non-experts—exaggerating this time the existing evidence and ignoring the possibility that folk beliefs about AI are not consistent and come closer to semi-propositional beliefs. The article sounds a strong warning against the use of human-centric language when discussing AI, both in terms of principle and the potential consequences. It argues that the use of such terminology risks shaping public opinion in ways that could have negative outcomes.
Paradoxes Within the Management of Volunteers
Authors: la Cour Anders , Hustinx Lesley , Eliasoph Nina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhile scholars of management have extensively discussed paradoxes, scholars of volunteer management have given them little systematic attention. This special issue brings together the field of paradox studies with the research field of volunteer management. While many studies highlight paradoxes between different “missions” and mandates within volunteer-involving organizations, this introduction suggests using a “dramaturgical” approach that highlights the interplay between different actors, audiences, instruments for communication and action, and the broader moral, institutional frameworks in which the organizations operate. We review the field of paradox studies in management, then connect it to volunteer management, and then suggest ways that the dramaturgical approaches might help systematize some of the paradoxes that scholars have found in organizations that use volunteers. Next, the introduction summarizes this issue’s articles. Finally, we suggest that paradoxes take a more prominent role in studies of volunteer management.
Scavenging of copper(II) ions, phosphate(V) ions, and diuron from aqueous media by goethite modified with chitosan or poly(acrylic acid)
Authors: Szewczuk-Karpisz Katarzyna , Kukowska Sylwia , Grygorczuk-Płaneta Katarzyna , Kondracki Bartosz , Jerin Katarina , Kovačević Davor 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGoethite was modified by chitosan (CS) or poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) to improve its adsorptive abilities toward components of agrochemicals, i.e., copper ions (Cu), phosphate ions (P), and diuron. The pristine goethite effectively bound Cu (7.68 mg/g, 63.71%) and P (6.31 mg/g, 50.46%) only in their mixed systems. In the one adsorbate solutions, the adsorption levels accounted for 3.82 mg/g (30.57%) for Cu, 3.22 mg/g (25.74%) for P, and 0.15 mg/g (12.15%) for diuron. Goethite modification with CS or PAA did not yield spectacular results in adsorption. The maximum increase in adsorbed amount was noted for Cu ions (8.28%) after PAA modification as well as for P (6.02%) and diuron (24.04%) after CS modification. Both goethite modifications contributed to clear reduction in desorption of pollutants (even by 20.26% for Cu after PAA coating), which was mainly dictated by electrostatic attractive forces and hydrogen bonds formation occurring between macromolecules and impurities. The only exception in this phenomenon was Cu desorption from CS-modified solid—the polymer made it higher (to 95.00%). The Cu adsorption on PAA-modified goethite enhanced solid aggregation and thus facilitated metal cation separation from aqueous media. Consequently, the goethite modification with PAA was considered more promising for environmental remediation.