bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of subcutaneous adipose tissue development in children by the optical device LIPOMETER
Authors: Möller Reinhard , Horejsi Renate , Sudi Karl , Berg Aloys , Reibnegger Gilbert , Tafeit Erwin 
Published: February 2023

The new optical device LIPOMETER enables the non-invasive, quick and save determination of the thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) layers (in nun) at any site of the human body. The topographic specification of 15 evenly distributed body sites allows the precise measurement of subcutaneous body fat distribution, socalled subcutaneous adipose tissue topography (SAT-Top).
SAT-Top was determined in more than 1000 children, aging from 7 to 21 yr. We describe the SAT-Top development of these subjects through different age groups and the differences between male and female SAT-Top development in each age group.
SAT layer profiles (medians of the 15 body sites) for boys and girls in age group 1 (7-9 yr) show a very similar pattern for both sexes, followed by slightly decreasing SAT layer thicknesses in boys and increasing values in girls in the subsequent age groups. Between age group 3 (11-13 yr) and age group 7 (19-21 yr) male and female SAT-Top is significantly different in (almost) all body sites.
We present a precise description of SAT-Top development in boys and girls, providing a basis for further investigations hi different fields such as obesity, sport sciences or metabolic disorders, and suggesting the LIPOMETER technique as an appropriate measurement tool.
Autofluorescence lifetime measurements in images of the human ocular fundus
Authors: Schweitzer D. , Kolb A. , Hammer M. 
Published: February 2023

Measurements of the autofluorescence at the fundus prove to be an important tool in early diagnosis and in discovering the pathomechanism, e. g., in age-related macular degeneration. In addition to the action of lipofuscin in the ageing process, flavines play an important role as prosthetic groups. As metabolic changes occur at cellular level, patient–specific optimized therapy should be possible according to endogenous fluorophores, before morphological alterations are manifest. As a first tool for the detection of dynamic autofluorescence, a laser scanner ophthalmoscope will be presented permitting lifetime measurements at the living human eye-ground under extremely weak detectable light.
Considering histograms of lifetimes after excitation at 457.8 nm and determined at the living human eye ground in parapapillary region, a lifetime τ ≅ 1.38 ns was calculated most frequently in the long-wave emission range (λ>550 nm). This points to the main contribution of lipofuscin. If the emission range is extended down to 515 nm, components with longer lifetimes are additionally detectable. Lifetime measurements at a human fundus specimen confirmed the lifetime of 1.38 ns in lipofuscin-rich pigment epithelium, whereas the mean lifetime of an intact fundus was 2.04 ns. A comparison of lifetimes before, during, and after breathing of 100% oxygen results in a quenching of the mean lifetime of 0.15 ns by oxygen.
Laser generated micro- and nanoeffects: inactivation of proteins coupled to gold nanoparticles with nano- and picosecond pulses
Authors: Radt Benno , Serbin Jesper , Lange Björn I. , Birngruber Reginald , Hüttmann Gereon 
Published: February 2023

Background: Protein denaturation in the fs-ns time regime is of fundamental interest for high precision applications in laser tissue interaction. Conjugates of colloidal gold coupled to proteins are presented as a model system for investigating ultrafast protein denaturation. It is expected that irradiation of such conjugates in tissue using pico-up to nanosecond laser pulses could result in effects with a spatial confinement in the regime of single macromolecules up to organelles.
Materials and Methods: Experiments were done with bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase (aP) coupled to 15 nm colloidal Gold. This complex was irradiated at 527 nm/ 532 nm with a variable number of pico- and nanosecond pulses. The radiant exposure per pulse was varied from 2 to 50 mJ/cm2 in the case of the picosecond pulses and 10 to 500 mJ/cm2 in the case of the nanosecond pulses. Denaturation was detected as a loss of protein function with the help of the fluorescence substrate 4MUP.
Results and Discussion: Irradiation did result in a steady decrease of the aP activity with increasing radiant exposures and increasing number of pulses. Inactivations up to 80% using 35 ps pulses at 527 nm with 50 mJ/cm2 and a complete inactivation induced by 16 ns pulses at 450 mJ/cm2 are discussed. The induced temperature in the particles and the surrounding water was calculated using Mie’s formulas for the absorption of the nanometer gold particles and an analytical solution of the for heat diffusion. The calculated temperatures suggest that picosecond pulses heat a molecular scaled area whereas nanosecond pulses could be used for targeting larger cellular compartiments.
It is difficult to identify one of the possible damage mechanisms, i.e. thermal denaturation or formation of micro bubbles, from the dependance of the inactivation on pulse energy and number of applied pulses. Therefore experiments are needed to further elucidate the damage mechanisms. The observed inactivation dependencies on applied energy and radiant power can not be explained with one or two photon photochemistry.
In conclusion, denaturing proteins irreversibly via nanoabsorbers using pico-/ nanosecond laser pulses is possible. The expected confinement of the heat to the nanoabsorbers suggests that denaturation of proteins with nanometer precision could be possible with this approach. However, the mechanism of protein inactivation, which is part of present investigations, is crucial for the precision of such nanoeffects.
Coherent Soft X-Rays in High Resolution Imaging
Authors: Howells Malcolm , Kirz Janos 
Published: February 2023

To illustrate the coherence problems in X-ray imaging we shall examine
- scanning X-ray microscopy
- holography, and
- soft X-ray diffraction
as illustrative examples. We show that only X-rays from within the emittance xx'yy' < (2.44λ)2 have the necessary spatial coherence to yield diffraction- limited images. The degree of temporal coherence required depends on the nature of the imaging system, and the size of the specimen. In conventional X-ray systems, spatial coherence is generated by collimation, while temporal coherence is achieved with monochromators. In these systems, then, one filters out a minute coherent fraction of an intense incoherent beam. Aside from the inefficiency of the procedure, there is a practical limitation of the temporal coherence length of about 103λ that one can generate this way in the soft X-ray regime.
The PACE Mission: An Ultralite Solar Occultation Instrument for Simultaneous Infrared and Visible Measurements of Gases, Aerosols, Temperature, and Thin Cirrus
Authors: Rinsland Curtis P. , Farmer Crofton B. , Abrams Mark C. , Chu William P. 
Published: February 2023

We have developed a concept for simultaneous solar occultation remote sensing of gases, aerosols, and thin cirrus in response to NASA's Announcement of Opportunity for Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) Missions. The focus of our experiment is on the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere with the goal of filling critical gaps in the current climate research program. Specifically, the Particles, Atmosphere, and Climate Experiment (PACE) will
* Measure temperature, aerosols, ozone, water vapor, and thin cirrus clouds to diagnose the response of climate to human-induced forcings and their interactions.
* Extend the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) database by providing measurements of key gases with increased precision and tropospheric coverage.
* Extend the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) database by providing aerosol and thin cirrus measurements with a new ability to measure horizontal inhomogeneity coupled with the ability to penetrate broken clouds.
Relationship between inspiratory muscle strength and balance in women: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Azevedo Ingrid Guerra , da Câmara Saionara M. A. , Maciel Alvaro C. C. , Vieira Edgar R. , Espinoza Camila F. L. , Pichún Sebastián M. M. , Viana Elizabel de S. R. , Sousa Silvana L. de O. 
Published: February 2023

Background
There is scarce evidence on changes at the functional level associated with the respiratory area in women. This study aims to analyse the relationship between inspiratory muscle strength and balance in women.

Material and methods
In this cross-sectional observational study, the sample consisted of groups according to the results obtained in the balance test. Inspiratory muscle weakness was defined as maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) ≤ 80% of the predictive value. MIP was carried out using through a mouthpiece, with an electronic manometer. Logistic regression model was used to examine if MIP predicts balance.

Results
159 women participated in the study. Approximately 20% of them achieved balance ≤ 2 seconds and 18% presented MIP≤80%. MIP was associated with the time achieved in the one-leg support test. Subjects with MIP ≤ 80% of the predictive value show 3 times more risk of having a lower performance in the balance test (OR = 3.26).

Conclusions
Inspiratory muscle weakness is associated with deficient balance in this sample. It shows the need for multidimensional assessment and rehabilitation strategies for patients identified as having MIP weakness and/or balance disorders.
New AI-algorithms on smartphones to detect skin cancer in a clinical setting—A validation study
Authors: Kränke Teresa , Tripolt-Droschl Katharina , Röd Lukas , Hofmann-Wellenhof Rainer , Koppitz Michael , Tripolt Michael 
Published: February 2023

Background and objectives
The incidence of skin cancer is rising worldwide and there is medical need to optimize its early detection. This study was conducted to determine the diagnostic and risk-assessment accuracy of two new diagnosis-based neural networks (analyze and detect), which comply with the CE-criteria, in evaluating the malignant potential of various skin lesions on a smartphone. Of note, the intention of our study was to evaluate the performance of these medical products in a clinical setting for the first time.

Methods
This was a prospective, single-center clinical study at one tertiary referral center in Graz, Austria. Patients, who were either scheduled for preventive skin examination or removal of at least one skin lesion were eligible for participation. Patients were assessed by at least two dermatologists and by the integrated algorithms on different mobile phones. The lesions to be recorded were randomly selected by the dermatologists. The diagnosis of the algorithm was stated as correct if it matched the diagnosis of the two dermatologists or the histology (if available). The histology was the reference standard, however, if both clinicians considered a lesion as being benign no histology was performed and the dermatologists were stated as reference standard.

Results
A total of 238 patients with 1171 lesions (86 female; 36.13%) with an average age of 66.19 (SD = 17.05) was included. Sensitivity and specificity of the detect algorithm were 96.4% (CI 93.94–98.85) and 94.85% (CI 92.46–97.23); for the analyze algorithm a sensitivity of 95.35% (CI 93.45–97.25) and a specificity of 90.32% (CI 88.1–92.54) were achieved.

Discussion
The studied neural networks succeeded analyzing the risk of skin lesions with a high diagnostic accuracy showing that they are sufficient tools in calculating the probability of a skin lesion being malignant. In conjunction with the wide spread use of smartphones this new AI approach opens the opportunity for a higher early detection rate of skin cancer with consecutive lower epidemiological burden of metastatic cancer and reducing health care costs. This neural network moreover facilitates the empowerment of patients, especially in regions with a low density of medical doctors.

Registration
Approved and registered at the ethics committee of the Medical University of Graz, Austria (Approval number: 30–199 ex 17/18).
Ramadan during pregnancy and neonatal health—Fasting, dietary composition and sleep patterns
Authors: Pradella Fabienne , Leimer Birgit , Fruth Anja , Queißer-Wahrendorf Annette , van Ewijk Reyn Joris 
Published: February 2023

Background and objectivesLarge shares of pregnant Muslims worldwide observe the Ramadan fast. Previous research showed that Ramadan during pregnancy is associated with adverse offspring health outcomes lasting throughout the life-course. Evidence on effects on birth outcomes is inconclusive, however, and previous research did not consider the role of dietary composition and sleep patterns during Ramadan. This study systematically documents maternal lifestyle during Ramadan and assesses if diet and sleep adaptations to Ramadan, independent of and in addition to maternal fasting, are associated with neonatal health outcomes.MethodsThis study reports a survey of 326 Muslims who delivered their baby in Mainz, Germany, linked to maternal & infant hospital records. Participants reported on fasting, dietary composition and sleep schedules while pregnant during Ramadan.ResultsFasting during pregnancy was associated with reduced birthweight, in particular for fasting during the first trimester (-352ˑ92g, 95% CI: -537ˑ38; -168ˑ46). Neither dietary composition nor altered sleep were directly associated with birthweight. However, dietary composition during Ramadan outside of fasting hours seems to moderate the fasting-birthweight association, which disappeared for women switching to high-fat diets.ConclusionsThe finding that dietary intake during Ramadan potentially moderates the fasting-birthweight association is of high relevance to pregnant Muslims who wish to fast and their healthcare professionals, since dietary choices outside of fasting hours are often relatively easily modifiable. This is the first study to include information on maternal diet and sleep during Ramadan, and additional research is needed to assess the roles of specific (macro)nutrients and food groups.
Consulting to nephrologist when starting continuous renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury is associated with a survival benefit
Authors: Lee Jinwoo , Kim Seong Geun , Yun Donghwan , Kang Min Woo , Kim Yong Chul , Kim Dong Ki , Oh Kook-Hwan , Joo Kwon Wook , Kim Yon Su , Han Seung Seok 
Published: February 2023

Background
Several studies suggest improved outcomes for patients with kidney disease who consult a nephrologist. However, it remains undetermined whether a consultation with a nephrologist is related to a survival benefit after starting continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) due to acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods
Data from 2,397 patients who started CRRT due to severe AKI at Seoul National University Hospital, Korea between 2010 and 2020 were retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they underwent a nephrology consultation regarding the initiation and maintenance of CRRT. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) of mortality during admission to the intensive care unit after adjusting for multiple variables.

Results
A total of 2,153 patients (89.8%) were referred to nephrologists when starting CRRT. The patients who underwent a nephrology consultation had a lower mortality rate than those who did not have a consultation (HR = 0.47 [0.40–0.56]; P < 0.001). Subsequently, patients who had nephrology consultations were divided into two groups (i.e., early and late) according to the timing of the consultation. Both patients with early and late consultation had lower mortality rates than patients without consultations, with HRs of 0.45 (0.37–0.54) and 0.51 (0.42–0.61), respectively.

Conclusions
Consultation with a nephrologist may contribute to a survival benefit after starting CRRT for AKI.
An isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS)-based candidate reference measurement procedure (RMP) for the quantification of methotrexate in human serum and plasma
Authors: Engel Anett , Ruhe Lena , Singh Neeraj , Wright Jo Anne , Liesch Franziska , Bauland Friederike , Ostermann Annika I. , Sumalowitsch Tamara , Schweinsberg Vincent J. T. , Geistanger Andrea , Hegel Johannes Kolja , Geletneky Christian , Taibon Judith 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To develop an isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-(ID-LC-MS/MS)-based candidate reference measurement procedure (RMP) for quantification of methotrexate in human serum and plasma.

Methods
Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) was used to determine absolute methotrexate content in the standard. Separation was achieved on a biphenyl reversed-phase analytical column with mobile phases based on water and acetonitrile, both containing 0.1% formic acid. Sample preparation included protein precipitation in combination with high sample dilution, and method validation according to current guidelines. The following were assessed: selectivity (using analyte-spiked samples, and relevant structural-related compounds and interferences); specificity and matrix effects (via post-column infusion and comparison of human matrix vs. neat samples); precision and accuracy (in a five-day validation analysis). RMP results were compared between two independent laboratories. Measurement uncertainty was evaluated according to current guidelines.

Results
The RMP separated methotrexate from potentially interfering compounds and enabled measurement over a calibration range of 7.200–5,700 ng/mL (0.01584–12.54 μmol/L), with no evidence of matrix effects. All pre-defined acceptance criteria were met; intermediate precision was ≤4.3% and repeatability 1.5–2.1% for all analyte concentrations. Bias was −3.0 to 2.1% for samples within the measuring range and 0.8–4.5% for diluted samples, independent of the sample matrix. RMP results equivalence was demonstrated between two independent laboratories (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.997). Expanded measurement uncertainty of target value-assigned samples was ≤3.4%.

Conclusions
This ID-LC-MS/MS-based approach provides a candidate RMP for methotrexate quantification. Traceability of methotrexate standard and the LC-MS/MS platform were assured by qNMR assessment and extensive method validation.
Comparative analysis of the metabolites in Pinellia ternata from two producing regions using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Shipeng , Chen Ye , Liu Xianghui , Zhao Congjing , Ya Huiyuan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The rhizomes of Pinellia ternata have a long history of being used as a traditional Chinese herb. To determine the chemical constituents of Pinelliae rhizome, Xi banxia and Jing banxia were collected from two different producing regions and subjected to analysis using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 573 metabolites were identified in 12 different categories. Next, cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed, which revealed a distinct separation between the two species. The analysis of the differential metabolites revealed that among the 155 metabolites in Xi banxia, 68 metabolites were upregulated, and 87 metabolites were downregulated. The relative concentration of flavonoids in Xi banxia was higher than that in Jing banxia, while the relative concentrations of alkaloids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids were higher in Jing banxia. These results would provide a theoretical basis for the pharmacological activity analysis and functional study of P. ternata.
Television from the periphery – Slow television and national identity in Norway
Authors: Puijk Roel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Since 2009, the Norwegian public service broadcaster NRK has produced a number of slow TV shows. Some of the programmes have had a surprisingly big success in terms of public engagement and audience share even though the majority of the audience was from the oldest age groups. These programmes are not only slow, lasting a long time and lacking dramatic development and progress, they also engage in a particular, traditional version of national identity. The current article argues that, through slow TV, the Norwegian public service broadcaster has found a new way to reflect a particular version of Norwegian identity and to tap into the central values of Norwegian culture. Taken together, the shows cover all regions of the country—the coastal areas as well the inlands and mountains. In terms of representation, the programmes highlight nature and traditional Norwegian values such as closeness to nature, rural life, and “friluftsliv” (living the outdoor life). Urban areas and the non-white population are conspicuously absent.
Effect of cold-rolling deformation and rare earth yttrium on microstructure and texture of oriented silicon steel
Authors: Guo Zhihong , Liu Pengjun , Zheng Yaxu , Zhu Liguang , Zhang Yuanxiang , Sun Huilan , Li Xiangyang , Liu Yu , Cao Ruifang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In order to study the effect of cold-rolling deformation and rare earth Y on the microstructure and texture of 3.0% Si-oriented silicon steel, the microstructure and texture of cold-rolled oriented silicon steel with 60, 72, and 86% deformation are analyzed using electron backscatter diffraction and image analysis software. The experimental results show that the deformation band becomes narrower and the distribution of shear bands becomes denser with increasing cold-rolling deformation. Compared to the Y-free steel, cold-rolled sheet containing rare earth Y has greater shear bands. The pinning effect of rare earth Y hinders the dislocation movement, which leads to the increase of kernel average misorientation value and shear bands. With the increase of cold-rolling deformation, the texture concentrates on α and λ. This is mainly due to the change from {100} 〈001〉 to {001} 〈110〉, intensifying λ texture, and the change from {111} 〈112〉 to {111} 〈110〉, thus strengthening the α texture. The texture strength of cold-rolled sheets can be decreased by rare earth Y. But the γ texture strength in cold-rolled sheets containing Y is significantly higher than in those without Y. The γ texture strength can reach up to 7.3, and the strong points are mainly {111} 〈112〉. This is because the number of inclusions in steel increases with the addition of rare earth Y. In the process of grain nucleation, the {111} oriented grains nucleate heterogeneously on the inclusions. It forms a large number of {111} oriented grains and improves the γ texture strength.
Plactic key agreement (insecure?)
Authors: Brown Daniel R. L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Plactic key agreement is a new type of cryptographic key agreement that uses Knuth’s multiplication of semistandard tableaux from combinatorial algebra. The security of plactic key agreement relies on the difficulty of some computational problems, particularly the division of semistandard tableaux. Tableau division can be used to find the private key from its public key or to find the shared secret from the two exchanged public keys. Monico found a fast division algorithm, which could be a polynomial time in the length of the tableaux. Monico’s algorithm solved a challenge that had been previously estimated to cost 2128 steps to break, which is an infeasibly large number for any foreseeable computing power on earth. Monico’s algorithm solves this challenge in only a few minutes. Therefore, Monico’s attack likely makes the plactic key agreement insecure. If it were not for Monico’s attack, plactic key agreement with 1,000-byte public keys might perhaps have provided 128-bit security, with a runtime of a millisecond. But Monico’s attack breaks these public keys’ sizes in minutes.