bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Risk of Young-Onset Digestive Tract Cancers Among Young Adults Age 20-39 Years With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Park Joo-Hyun , Hong Jung Yong , Shen Jay J. , Han Kyungdo , Park Joon Oh , Park Young Suk , Lim Ho Yeong 
Published: April 2023

PURPOSE Although the incidence of young-onset digestive tract cancers is increasing worldwide, their risk factors remain largely unknown. We investigated the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and young-onset digestive tract cancers. PATIENTS AND METHODS This nationwide cohort study included 5,265,590 individuals age 20-39 years who underwent national health screening under the Korean National Health Insurance Service between 2009 and 2012. The fatty liver index was used as a diagnostic biomarker for NAFLD. The participants were followed up until December 2018 to determine the incidence of young-onset digestive tract cancers (ie, esophageal, stomach, colorectal, liver, pancreatic, biliary tract, and gallbladder). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were conducted to estimate the risk after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS During the 38.8 million person-years of follow-up, 14,565 patients were newly diagnosed with young-onset digestive tract cancers. The cumulative incidence probability of each cancer type was consistently higher in individuals with NAFLD than in those without NAFLD (all log-rank P < .05). NAFLD was associated with an increased risk of overall digestive tract (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.16; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.22), stomach (aHR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.24), colorectal (aHR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.22), liver (aHR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.52), pancreatic (aHR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.40), biliary tract (aHR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.66), and gallbladder (aHR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.01 to 2.31) cancer. These associations remained significant regardless of age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and obesity status (all P < .05; P for interaction >.05). The aHR for esophageal cancer was 1.67 (95% CI, 0.92 to 3.03). CONCLUSION NAFLD may be an independent, modifiable risk factor for young-onset digestive tract cancers. Our findings suggest a crucial opportunity to reduce premature morbidity and mortality associated with young-onset digestive tract cancers in the next generation.
Microbial pattern recognition suppresses de novo organogenesis
Authors: Tran Sorrel , Stephanie Chen Yun-Fan , Xu Dawei , Ison Madalene , Yang Li 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
De novo root regeneration (DNRR) is a developmental process that regenerates adventitious roots from wounded tissues. Phytohormone signaling pathways involved in microbial resistance are mobilized after cutting and influence de novo root regeneration. Microbes may positively or negatively influence the development and stress responses of a plant. However, most studies on the molecular mechanisms of de novo organogenesis are performed in aseptic conditions. Thus, the potential crosstalk between organ regeneration and biotic stresses is underexplored. Here, we report the development of a versatile experimental system to study the impact of microbes on DNRR. Using this system, we found that bacteria inhibited root regeneration by activation of, but not limited to, pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity. Sensing bacteria-derived flagellin 22 peptide (flg22) inhibited root regeneration by interfering with the formation of an auxin maximum at the wound site. This inhibition relies on the receptor complex that recognizes microbial patterns but may bypass the requirement of salicylic acid signaling.
The UbiB family member Cqd1 forms a novel membrane contact site in mitochondria
Authors: Khosravi Siavash , Chelius Xenia , Unger Ann-Katrin , Rieger Daniela , Frickel Johanna , Sachsenheimer Timo , Lüchtenborg Christian , Schieweck Rico , Brügger Britta , Westermann Benedikt , Klecker Till , Neupert Walter , Harner Max E. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Mitochondria are essential organelles of eukaryotic cells and are characterized by their unique and complex membrane system. They are confined from the cytosol by an envelope consisting of two membranes. Signals, metabolites, proteins and lipids have to be transferred across these membranes via proteinaceous contact sites to keep mitochondria functional. In the present study, we identified a novel mitochondrial contact site in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is formed by the inner membrane protein Cqd1 and the outer membrane proteins Por1 and Om14. Similar to what is found for the mitochondrial porin Por1, Cqd1 is highly conserved, suggesting that this complex is conserved in form and function from yeast to human. Cqd1 is a member of the UbiB protein kinase-like family (also called aarF domain-containing kinases). It was recently shown that Cqd1, in cooperation with Cqd2, controls the cellular distribution of coenzyme Q by a yet unknown mechanism. Our data suggest that Cqd1 is additionally involved in phospholipid homeostasis. Moreover, overexpression of CQD1 and CQD2 causes tethering of mitochondria to the endoplasmic reticulum, which might explain the ability of Cqd2 to rescue ERMES deletion phenotypes.
Constant temperature and fluctuating temperature have distinct effects on hypoxia tolerance in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus)
Authors: Ridgway Megan R. , Scott Graham R. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Climate change is leading to rapid change in aquatic environments, increasing the mean and variability of temperatures, and increasing the incidence of hypoxia. We investigated how acclimation to constant temperatures or to diel temperature fluctuations affects hypoxia tolerance in mummichog killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus). Killifish were acclimated to constant cool (15°C), constant warm (25°C) or a diel temperature cycle (15°C at night, 25°C during day) for 6 weeks. We then measured hypoxia tolerance (time to loss of equilibrium in severe hypoxia, tLOE; critical O2 tension, Pcrit), whole-animal metabolism, gill morphology, haematology and tissue metabolites at 15°C and 25°C in a full factorial design. Among constant temperature groups, tLOE was highest and Pcrit was lowest in fish tested at their acclimation temperature. Warm-acclimated fish had lower metabolic rate at 25°C and greater gill surface area (less coverage of lamellae by interlamellar cell mass, ILCM), but cool-acclimated fish had greater brain glycogen stores. Therefore, effects of constant temperature acclimation on hypoxia tolerance were temperature specific and not exhibited broadly across test temperatures, and they were associated with different underlying mechanisms. Hypoxia tolerance was less sensitive to test temperature in fish acclimated to fluctuating temperatures compared with fish acclimated to constant temperature. Acclimation to fluctuating temperatures also increased haemoglobin–O2 affinity of the blood (decreased P50) compared with constant temperature groups. Therefore, acclimation to fluctuating temperatures helps maintain hypoxia tolerance across a broader range of temperatures, and leads to some distinct physiological adjustments that are not exhibited by fish acclimated to constant temperatures.
Dual-waveguide stacked graphene light modulator based on an MZI structure
Authors: Zhan Xiang , Xu Chuanpei , Hu Cong , Song Yuxin 
Published: April 2023

In order to solve the defects of the high driving voltage and a large volume of the existing electro-optical modulators, a double-waveguide stacked graphene optical modulator based on a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer structure is designed in this paper. First, the modulator size of traditional planar structure is effectively reduced by stacking two modulators vertically. Secondly, by changing the relative position of the electrode and the waveguide, the coupling effect of the electrode and the waveguide is enhanced, and the driving voltage is reduced. Finally, the performance of the designed electro-optic modulator is verified by the finite element method. The half-wave voltage of 0.55 V · cm and the modulation bandwidth of 58.8 GHz are realized on the basis of the length of 1.14 mm. The insertion loss is 1.15 dB, and the return loss is −44.8dB.
Predictive value of bile acids as metabolite biomarkers for gallstones: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Han Xu , Wang Juan , Wu Yingnan , Gu Hao , Zhao Ning , Liao Xing , Jiang Miao 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundPlenty of studies have focused on the bile acids profile in gallstones. The objective of our systematic review is to provide a comprehensive summary about bile acids profiles in gallstones and analyzes the difference between gallstones and control group in diverse samples, determining the characteristic bile acids as the metabolite biomarkers for predicting gallstone.MethodsEMBASE, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang databases, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Information Resource Integration Service Platform (CQVIP), and China Biology Medicine Disc (SinoMed) will be searched with the keywords of gallstones and metabolomics. The screening process will be performed strictly according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The CONSORT checklist and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) will assess the risk of bias for randomized controlled trials and observational studies, respectively. The qualitative review will be conducted to summarize the bile acids profile in gallstones. The concentrations of bile acids in both case group and control group will be the primary outcomes to perform the meta-analyses.Expected resultsOur systematic review will find the characteristic bile acids as the candidate metabolite biomarkers which equipped potential value to predict gallstones.ConclusionExpanding the current knowledge on the physiopathology of gallstones and identifying novel predictive biomarkers can help to facilitate the detection and management of gallstones. Consequently, we expect this protocol to be a reasonable method to filtrate candidate differential bile acids which have potential value to predict gallstones.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022339649.
Urban-rural disparity in stunting among Ethiopian children aged 6–59 months old: A multivariate decomposition analysis of 2019 Mini-EDHS
Authors: Tadesse Sisay Eshete , Mekonnen Tefera Chane , Dewau Reta , Zerga Aregash Abebayehu , Kebede Natnael , Feleke Yitbarek Wasihun , Muche Amare 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundChildhood stunting is still a global public health challenge, including in Ethiopia. Over the past decade, in developing countries, stunting has been characterized by large rural and urban disparities. To design an effective intervention, it is necessary to understand the urban and rural disparities in stunting.ObjectiveTo assess the urban-rural disparities in stunting among Ethiopian children aged 6–59 months.MethodsThis study was done based on the data obtained from the 2019 mini-Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey, conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia and ICF international. The result of descriptive statistics was reported using the mean with standard deviation, frequency, percentages, graphs, and tables. A multivariate decomposition analysis was used to decompose the urban-rural disparity in stunting into two components: one that is explained by residence differences in the level of the determinants (covariate effects), and the other component is explained by differences in the effect of the covariates on the outcome (coefficient effects). The results were robust to the different decomposition weighting schemes.ResultThe prevalence of stunting among Ethiopian children aged 6–59 months was 37.8% (95% CI: 36.8%, 39.6%). The difference in stunting prevalence between urban and rural residences was high (rural prevalence was 41.5%, while in urban areas it was 25.5%). Endowment and coefficient factors explained the urban-rural disparity in stunting with magnitudes of 35.26% and 64.74%, respectively. Maternal educational status, sex, and age of children were the determinants of the urban-rural disparity in stunting.Conclusion and recommendationThere is a significant stunting disparity among urban and rural children in Ethiopia. A larger portion of the urban-rural stunting disparity was explained by coefficient effects (differences in behaviour). Maternal educational status, sex, and age of children were the determinants of the disparity. So, to narrow this disparity, emphasis should be given to both resource distribution and the appropriate utilization of available interventions, including improvement of maternal education and consideration of sex and age differences during child feeding practices.
Corticosteroids for severe acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in intensive care: From the French OUTCOMEREA cohort
Authors: Galerneau Louis Marie , Bailly Sébastien , Terzi Nicolas , Ruckly Stéphane , Garrouste-Orgeas Maïté , Cohen Yves , Hong Tuan Ha Vivien , Gainnier Marc , Siami Shidasp , Dupuis Claire , Darmon Michael , Azoulay Elie , Forel Jean-Marie , Sigaud Florian , Adrie Christophe , Goldgran-Toledano Dany , Ferré Alexis , de Montmollin Etienne , Argaud Laurent , Reignier Jean , Pepin Jean-Louis , Timsit Jean-François ,   on behalf of the OUTCOMEREA network
Published: April 2023

Introduction
Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a frequent cause of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. However, data are scarce and conflicting regarding the impact of systemic corticosteroid treatment in critically ill patients with acute exacerbation of COPD. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of systemic corticosteroids on the occurrence of death or need for continuous invasive mechanical ventilation at day 28 after ICU admission.

Methods
In the OutcomeReaTM prospective French national ICU database, we assessed the impact of corticosteroids at admission (daily dose ≥ 0.5 mg/kg of prednisone or equivalent during the first 24 hours ICU stay) on a composite outcome (death or invasive mechanical ventilation) using an inverse probability treatment weighting.

Results
Between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2018, 391 out of 1,247 patients with acute exacerbations of COPDs received corticosteroids at ICU admission. Corticosteroids improved the main composite endpoint (OR = 0.70 [0.49; 0.99], p = 0.044. However, for the subgroup of most severe COPD patients, this did not occur (OR = 1.12 [0.53; 2.36], p = 0. 770). There was no significant impact of corticosteroids on rates of non-invasive ventilation failure, length of ICU or hospital stay, mortality or on the duration of mechanical ventilation. Patients on corticosteroids had the same prevalence of nosocomial infections as those without corticosteroids, but more glycaemic disorders.

Conclusion
Using systemic corticosteroids for acute exacerbation of COPD at ICU admission had a positive effect on a composite outcome defined by death or need for invasive mechanical ventilation at day 28.
GC-MS analysis and antibacterial activities of some plants belonging to the genus Euphorbia on selected bacterial isolates
Authors: Al Abboud Mohamed A. , Ismail Khatib Sayeed , Mashraqi Abdullah , Albishi Saad , Al-Namazi Ali A. , Masrahi Yahya S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Plant extracts have always been used as an alternative source of antimicrobial compounds. The recent spread of multi-drug-resistant bacteria and their increased treatment costs necessitated the study of alternative, cheap sources. The family Euphorbiaceae has over 300 genera and is widely used in traditional medicine. Euphorbia triaculeata, E. fractiflexa, and E. inarticulata were selected to study the antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract against 13 Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus strains (including methicillin-resistant S. aureus) and 2 Gram-negative isolates, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, by the Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion test. Paper discs with different concentrations of the extracts (100, 50, and 25 µg mL−1) were prepared, along with the methanol control and standard antibiotic control. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was done to study the phytochemical components present in the plant methanolic extracts. A total of 50 different phytochemical compounds with antibacterial activity were detected by GC/MS analysis of the plants. Twenty-five compounds were detected in E. inarticulata, 24 in E. triaculeata, and 21 in E. fractiflexa. Out of 37 compounds found in E. inarticulata and E. triaculeata, 12 (32.43%) were common to both. Eleven (22%) compounds were unique to E. inarticulata, while 9 (18%) compounds were unique to E. triaculeata, and 13 (26%) compounds were unique to E. fractiflexa. E. fractiflexa showed the best antibacterial activity against MRSA and Gram-negative bacteria. It also showed higher unique compounds with antibacterial activity (26%), followed by E. inarticulata (11, 22%). This is the first GC/MS analysis and antimicrobial activity report of E. triaculeata and E. fractiflexa.
On some conformable boundary value problems in the setting of a new generalized conformable fractional derivative
Authors: Vivas-Cortez Miguel , Árciga Martin Patricio , Najera Juan Carlos , Hernández Jorge Eliecer 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The fundamental objective of this article is to investigate about the boundary value problem with the uses of a generalized conformable fractional derivative introduced by Zarikaya et al. (On generalized the conformable calculus, TWMS J. App. Eng. Math. 9 (2019), no. 4, 792–799, http://jaem.isikun.edu.tr/web/images/articles/vol.9.no.4/11.pdf). In the development of the this article, by using classical methods of fractional calculus, we find a definition of the generalized fractional Wronskian according to the fractional differential operator defined by Zarikaya, a fractional version of the Sturm-Picone theorem, and in addition, the stability criterion given by the Hyers-Ulam theorem is studied with the use of the aforementioned fractional derivatives.
Influence of phosphorylation on intermediate filaments
Authors: Kraxner Julia , Köster Sarah 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The cytoskeleton of eukaryotes consists of actin filaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments (IF). IFs, in particular, are prone to pronounced phosphorylation, leading to additional charges on the affected amino acids. In recent years, a variety of experiments employing either reconstituted protein systems or living cells have revealed that these altered charge patterns form the basis for a number of very diverse cellular functions and processes, including reversible filament assembly, filament softening, network remodeling, cell migration, interactions with other protein structures, and biochemical signaling.
Generation of microchannels on PMMA using an in-house fabricated μ-ECDM system
Authors: K. V. J. Bhargav , P. S. Balaji , Sahu Ranjeet Kumar 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Electrochemical corona discharge micromachining (µ-ECDM) is a newly advented, advanced hybrid machining process capable of machining non-conducting and conducting materials. In this article, Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), a non-conducting material, often used in microfluidic applications, is machined to generate microchannels. The process parameters chosen for machining are voltage, duty factor, and concentration. The process parameters are chosen at three levels, and their effect on machining characteristics such as material removal rate and surface roughness are detailed in this paper. Optimization is carried out for individual response using the signal to noise ratio optimization technique for maximizing material removal rate and minimizing surface roughness.
Nachrichtendienste und Spione im Deutsch-Dänischen Krieg von 1864
Authors: Bruhn Kristian , Lubowitz Frank 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Während des Deutsch-Dänischen Krieges von 1848–50 hatte die dänische Armee vorübergehend einen Nachrichtendienst eingerichtet, der für Spionage und deren Abwehr zuständig gewesen war. Im Zuge der erneuten Mobilmachung im Dezember 1863 schuf sie eine ähnliche Organisation, die in den kommenden Monaten des Deutsch-Dänischen Krieges von 1864 stetig wuchs. Die spätere Auswertung ergab aber, dass sich diese Organisation unter den chaotischen Bedingungen des Feldzugs in Jütland überhaupt nicht bewährt hatte. Während die historischen Kenntnisse über das militärische Nachrichtenwesen der preußischen und österreichischen Armeen in diesem Konflikt bis heute vage sind, erlaubt es die gute Quellenlage, hier erstmals ein detailliertes Bild vom Nachrichtenwesen auf dänischer Seite zu zeichnen. Für dieses Land bedeutete der Krieg von 1864 nämlich das Ende einer Ära, in der der Nachrichtendienst nur für die Dauer eines Krieges eingerichtet wurde. Seitdem besteht er als dauerhafte Organisation.
Electrical addressing of exceptional points in compact plasmonic structures
Authors: Jeong Hoon Yeub , Lim Yeonsoo , Han Jungho , An Soo-Chan , Jun Young Chul 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Exceptional points (EPs) are degenerate singularities in a non-Hermitian system that can be induced by controlling the interaction between resonant photonic modes. EPs can enable unusual optical phenomena and significantly enhance the optical sensitivity under small perturbations. However, most studies thus far have been limited to static photonic structures. In this study, we propose and experimentally demonstrate electrically addressable EP in a plasmonic structure. Inspired by optical microcavity studies, we employ a localized spoof plasmon structure that supports circulating plasmonic modes in compact single-resonator geometry. The plasmonic modes are perturbed by an angled metal line, and the interaction between the plasmonic modes is electrically controlled using a varactor. Continuous electrical tuning of the varactor capacitance facilitates simultaneous coalescence of the real and imaginary parts of the eigenfrequency, allowing the direct addressing of EPs. We first investigate the eigenmodes and their coupling in localized plasmonic structures using numerical simulations. We then present experimentally measured spectra that manifest the coalescence of the two resonant modes in both the resonance frequency and linewidth. Electrically addressable EPs in compact plasmonic structures may provide exciting opportunities for highly functional and tunable elements in integrated device platforms.
On traveling wave solutions to Manakov model with variable coefficients
Authors: Pashrashid Arash , Gómez S. Cesar A. , Mirhosseini-Alizamini Seyed M. , Motevalian Seyed Navid , Albalwi M. Daher , Ahmad Hijaz , Yao Shao-Wen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We use a general transformation, to find exact solutions for the Manakov system with variable coefficients (depending on the time

ε

\varepsilon

) using an improved tanh–coth method. The solutions obtained in this work are more general compared to those in other works because they involve variable coefficients. The implemented computational method is applied in a direct way on the reduced system, avoid in this way the reduction to only one equation, as occurs in the works respect to exact solutions, made by other authors. Clearly, from the solutions obtained here, new solutions are derived for the standard model (constant coefficients), complementing in this way the results obtained by other authors mentioned here. Finally, we give some discussion on the results and give the respective conclusions.