bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uji Kinerja Mesin Sortasi Jeruk Sistem Rotasi untuk Penyortiran Jeruk Siam Pontianak (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa)
Authors: Setiawan Budi , Suhendra Suhendra 
Published: June 2023

Abstrak. Salah satu kegiatan pascapanen yang cukup menyita waktu adalah proses sortasi jeruk siam pontianak (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa) di Kabupaten Sambas. Selama ini proses sortasi ditingkat petani masih dilakukan secara manual dimana tingkat keseragaman ukuran dan tingkat kematangan rendah, standar mutu berubah-ubah dan kapasitas penyortiran rendah. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut melalui penelitian ini dikembangkan rancang bangun mesin sortasi jeruk sistem rotasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan uji kinerja pada mesin sortasi jeruk sistem rotasi untuk mengetahui pengaruh kecepatan linier bidang sortasi, kemiringan bidang sortasi dan massa input buah pada mesin. Pengujian mesin dilakukan dengan 4 perlakuan kecepatan linier bidang sortasi (0,54 m/s, 0,70 m/s, 0,82 m/s dan 1,09 m/s), 3 perlakuan kemiringan bidang sortasi (10o, 20o, dan 30o) dan 3 perlakuan massa input buah jeruk (2 kg, 3 kg dan 4 kg). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa massa input buah jeruk dan kecepatan linier bidang sortasi memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kinerja mesin sortasi ini, sedangkan kemiringan bidang sortasi berpengaruh tetapi tidak signifikan. Hasil uji kinerja terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan massa input 2 kg, kemiringan bidang sortasi 10o dan kecepatan linier bidang sortasi 1,09 m/s dengan nilai kapasitas penyortiran 1,84 kg/menit atau 110,4 kg/jam dan efisiensi penyortiran 68 %. Performance Testing of Citrus Sorting Machine with Rotation System to Sorting Pontianak Siam Citrus (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa)Abstract. One of postharvest activities that required much time are sorting in Sambas district. The sorting process is still done manually, where the level of uniformity of size and currently their maturity level are including the low of the quality standard fickle and sorting capacity. To overcome these problems, a study was developed to design citrus sorting machine with rotation system. This study aims to test the performance of the citrus sorting machine with rotation system and to determine the effect of linear velocity of sorting, incline angle and the input mass of citrus. Performance testing was conducted with 4 linear velocity sorting (0,54 m/s, 0,70 m/s, 0,82 m/s and 1,09 m/s), 3 incline angle (10o, 20o and 30o) and 3 input mass of citrus (2 kg, 3 kg and 4 kg). The test results showed that the input mass of citrus and linear velocity sorting have a significant influence on the performance of the sorting machine, while the incline angle has an effect but did not significantly. The best performance test results was obtained on 2 kg of mass, 10o of incline angle and 1,09 m/s linear velocity of sorting which resulted 1,84 kg/min or 110,4 kg/h of sorting capacity and 68 % of sorting efficiency.
2008 Chinese Milk Products Crisis
Authors: Basyamfar Rini Ariani 
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Milk is one of the most important food products for children’s growth and overall health. Melamine (2,4,6-triazine-1,3,5-triamino) is an organic compound used in the manufacture of pesticides, plastics, sanitizers, and disinfectants. Melamine when added to milk increases the overall amount of nitrogen in the milk thus fooling common tests for protein content. Melamine is also extremely harmful when ingested, especially for young children. Sanlu, one of China's largest dairy producers, diluted their milk products with water and added then added melamine to fool the protein tests. Consumption of milk containing melamine in amounts greater than 1 mg/kg can cause kidney failure, bladder cancer and death. Testing milk using the LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS methods can reveal melamine contamination. Further actions that can be implemented to reduce milk adulteration include product traceability, corporate transparency, 100% product testing procedures and consistent enforcement of the law. 2008 Krisis Produk Susu ChinaAbstrak. Susu merupakan salah satu produk pangan yang paling penting untuk pertumbuhan anak-anak dan kesehatan. Melamin (2,4,6-triazina-1,3,5-triamino) adalah senyawa organik yang digunakan dalam pembuatan pestisida, plastik, pembersih, dan disinfektan. Melamin ketika ditambahkan ke susu meningkatkan jumlah keseluruhan nitrogen dalam susu sehingga mengelabui tes umum untuk kandungan protein. Melamin juga sangat berbahaya bila tertelan, terutama untuk anak-anak. Sanlu, salah satu produsen susu terbesar di China, mengencerkan produk susu mereka dengan air dan menambahkan melamin untuk mengelabui tes protein. Konsumsi susu yang mengandung melamin dalam jumlah yang lebih besar dari 1 mg/kg dapat menyebabkan gagal ginjal, kanker kandung kemih dan kematian. Pengujian susu menggunakan LC-MS/MS dan metode GC-MS/MS dapat mengungkapkan kontaminasi melamin. Tindakan lebih lanjut yang dapat diterapkan untuk mengurangi pemalsuan susu antara lain penelusuran produk, transparansi perusahaan, 100% prosedur pengujian produk dan penegakan hukum yang konsisten.
UV spectrophotometric method development and validation for estimation of ketoconazole in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form
Authors: Garad Shruti Satish , Ghurghure Shrishail , Birajdar Shubhangi 
Published: June 2023

: For the determination of ketoconazole in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form in accordance with ICH guidelines, a new, economical, precise, sensitive, linear, accurate, and quick UV-Spectrophotometric approach has been developed in Methylene chloride. The UV-visible spectrum of Ketoconazole was examined to determine its maximum absorption wavelength that is λ max at 255.2 nm. Linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness tested for this procedure.: Ketoconazole was found to have a maximum absorbance at 255.2 nm. The regression coefficient for the concentration range of 5–25 µg/ml. Ketoconazole. LOD and LOQ were determined to be 0.0225 and 0.75 µg/ml, respectively. The procedure was successfully used on ketoconazole in commercial formulation, and the outcomes were in good agreement with label claims.Depending on the results, the given method can be successfully applied of Ketoconazole in bulk and Pharmaceutical dosage form.
Dietary Habits Fluctuations after Immigration: A Focus on University Students Immigrants in the United Kingdom
Authors: Eva Njambi Waithaka 
Published: June 2023

As a result to the students’ migration to foreign countries, they are forced to adjust to the new host’s environment, culture and tradition. One major adjustment required is their diet. This study assesses actual dietary intake changes after students’ immigration to the UK. This study adopted the approach of a cross-sectional study design to collect quantitative data using a questionnaire. A sample size of 99 international students was selected. Snowball sampling was used in selecting the study’s participants. All data was quantitative hence analysed using the software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 26.0). Differences in consumption of the food items pre and post immigration were evaluated using t-test for related samples. The findings show that intake of foods perceived to be non-western such as nuts, fruits and vegetables, proteins such as beans, meat soup, fish and sausages decreased while intake of fat rich highly processed foods perceived to be western such as chips, cheese, bacon, sausages and ham increased after immigration to the UK.
Dynamics of changes in the content of betalain pigments in red beet roots during the growing season and storage
Authors: Koldaev V. M. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose. Betalains, plant pigments of red beet roots, exhibit antioxidant activity and reduce the risks of many pathological conditions. However, the widespread introduction of betalains is hampered by insufficient knowledge of their transformations during the growing season and storage of root crops, which was the purpose of the work.Methods. Root crops of five varieties of table beets were used in the studies. The content and stability of betalains were determined by spectrophotometric methods according to the numerical indices of the absorption spectra of extracts from root crops.Results. In the beet roots in the first 20 days of vegetation after germination, the content of betaxanthines is higher than that of betacyanins, but by the 40th day, betacyanins exceed betacyanins over betaxanthin in the ratio of 1.26-2.21. By the 70th 90th days of vegetation, the main pool of betalains is formed, their content reaches 84.5-198.6 mg / 100 g, the ratio of betacyanins / betaxanthins and resistance are 2.47-9.76 and 0.82-0.91 respectively. The highest excess of the content of betacyanins over betaxanthins by 8.11 9.65 times was obtained in beet root crops of Creolka and Veselaia Smulyanka varieties. The stability of betalains during six-month storage decreases less than 1.4 times.Conclusion. It is advisable to use the developed spectrophotometric method for determining the stability of betalains in the express analysis of beet root crops. Betalains are more stable than other plant antioxidants. Beet roots are more preferred for fortifying diets than other foods with antioxidant activity.
Evaluation of mutagenic samples of winter garlic
Authors: Nemtinov V. I. , Kostantchuk Yu. N. 
Published: June 2023

Relevance. The use of chemical mutagenesis on garlic is relevant for the creation of new forms with stable characteristics, better biochemical qualities, increased yield, for use in breeding practice.Results. The reaction of garlic treated with two chemical mutagens was evaluated: DES (diethyl sulfate) – 0.025; 0.05 and 0.1% (mutants 2, 3 and 4), as well as DMS (dimethyl sulfate) – 0.02; 0.04 and 0.08% solutions (mutants 5, 6 and 7). The aftereffect of chemical mutagens was noted with low and medium variability of signs in the second–fifth generation. According to the low variability of 1.6–9.4%, the height of plants (samples M 3 and 6), the number of leaves (M 5), the height of the false stem (M 3), the diameter of bulbs (M 6), as well as the length of leaves and the weight of bulbs samples M 3, 5 and 6 were distinguished. The effect of mutagens on morphometric signs of garlic were also tracked in the second generation (re-growing from air bulbs), where the parameters of low and medium variability of signs are marked. The majority of samples on 7 signs reflected a low variability of 5.5–10.0% and only 2 mutants showed an average variability of 11.4–16.4%: M 6 in plant height and false stem and M 3 in bulb diameter and yield. The correlation between their value in the 5th generation and in the 2nd generation also revealed strong direct and average connections. High heritability of h2 signs = 0.74–0.99 for DES preparations – 0.05%, VMI – 0.02 and 0.04%, was the most important indicator of the selection of valuable signs.
Comparative evaluation of black currant subzone of the taiga of the Komi Republic
Authors: Timusheva O. K. , Sorokopudov V. N. 
Published: June 2023

Relevance. Black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) occupies an important place in amateur gardening of the Komi Republic as an economically valuable crop. There is no doubt that it is possible and necessary to develop berry growing in the Komi Republic, to meet the needs of the population in multivitamin products through local production of berries. The purpose of the paper was to study the economically useful traits of varieties cultivated in the North in the conditions of the middle subzone of the taiga. Winter hardiness, phenological phases, productivity, large-fruitedness (berry weight), biochemical composition of berries were analyzed.Methodology. The results of the study of six varieties of black currant in 2020–2022 are presented. Plants are nine to ten years old. The research was carried out according to the "Program and methodology for the study of variety of fruit, berry and nut crops" (1999). Currants are planted in rows according to the scheme 4 x 1.5.Results. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the studied varieties of black currant are promising for cultivation in the middle subzone of the taiga. In all studied varieties, vegetation was observed in the second-third decade of April. The beginning of flowering was observed in the middle of the second – the end of the third decade of May, 25–39 days after the beginning of the growing season. The beginning of fruit ripening was noted in the first-second decades of July, 48-52 days after the start of the flowering. Mass ripening of berries was noted in the middle of the second – the end of the third decade of July, and the middle of the second-first decade of August for “Lazy” variety. During the study period, the vegetation of black currant ended in the second decade of October, with the onset of temperatures below 5°C. The duration of the vegetation period over the years of research was above the norm and equaled 169-185 days. The productivity of black currant varieties was 1.16-1.79 kg per bush. All varieties are characterized by large fruits (berries) weighing 1.02-1.66 g. A biochemical analysis of frozen berries of blackcurrant varieties for 2021-2022 was carried out regarding the content of ascorbic acid, sugars, acidity, solids. The maximum content of ascorbic acid was noted in “Vologda” variety – 97.68 mg%. The highest sugar-acid index was in “Bagira” variety – 3.5. All the varieties have a high content of dry matter in berries: 18.04-20.38%. Overall, the varieties of black currant under study suit for cultivation in the middle subzone of the taiga.
Adequate physical activity reduces the risk of depression associated with stressful life events: Evidence from the newlywed population
Authors: Liao Tierong , Tang YanLan , Yang Xinliu , Gao Yaya , Liu Yuwei , Pan Guixia , Zhu Peng , Tao Fangbiao , Shao Shanshan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Epidemiological studies suggest that stressful life events (SLEs) and physical activity are associated with depression. However, very few studies have explored their interaction effects, especially in the newlywed population. This study aimed to estimate the independent and interaction effect of SLEs and physical activity on depression in newlyweds.
Methods
A total of 60,315 newlywed people from the Reproductive Health of Childbearing Couples-Anhui Cohort were included in the study. A 12-item checklist of stressful events was used to assess SLEs during the past six months. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form was used to evaluate physical activity in the past week. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess depression in the past two weeks. Generalized linear regression models were constructed to evaluate the independent and interaction effect of SLEs and physical activity on depressive scores.
Results
Of the 60,315 newlywed people, 70.6% had experienced at least one SLE during the past six months; 48.4%, 39.3%, and 12.3% of participants reported low, moderate, and high physical activity levels, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, more SLEs (1 ≤ SLEs ≤ 2: β = 0.978, 95% CI: 0.877–1.079; SLEs ≥ 3: β = 2.582, 95% CI: 2.485–2.670) and higher (moderate: β = -0.461, 95% CI: -0.561 ~ -0.361; high: β = -0.641, 95% CI: -0.786 ~ -0.495) physical activity were associated with increased and reduced depression scores, respectively. Significant interaction effects of SLEs and physical activity on depressive scores were observed (P for interaction < 0.001). Specifically, SLEs were more strongly associated with depressive scores in the low physical activity group (1 ≤ SLEs ≤ 2: β = 0.978, 95% CI: 0.877–1.079; SLEs ≥ 3: β = 2.582, 95% CI: 2.487–2.678) than that in the moderate (1 ≤ SLEs ≤ 2: β = 0.747, 95% CI: 0.654–0.841; SLEs ≥ 3: β = 2.104, 95% CI: 2.014–2.195) or high (1 ≤ SLEs ≤ 2: β = 0.827, 95% CI: 0.668–0.987; 3 ≤ SLEs: β = 2.168, 95% CI: 2.015–2.321) physical activity groups.
Conclusions
The findings indicate that adequate physical activity is a potential precautionary buffer against depression associated with SLEs in the newlywed population. Strategies to improve the level of regular physical activity may be adopted by the government to promote the overall well-being of the country.
Diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates as an indicator of water quality and ecological status of an Aegean river (Türkiye)
Authors: ÖZBEK Murat , AYGEN Cem , TAŞDEMİR Ayşe , YILDIZ Seray , TOPKARA Esat T. , ÇİL Eylem AYDEMİR 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Bakırçay, one of the important rivers of Western Anatolia, has a length of 129 km and its basin covers approximately 3160 km2 area. In addition to the existence of settlements, industrial and intensive agriculture-livestock activities are carried out, especially in the lower parts of the river. The objectives of this study are; a) to determine the diversity of benthic invertebrates distributed in Bakırçay, b) to evaluate the obtained data using various biological indices, c) to determine the interactions of species with environmental variables, and d) to estimate the water quality level of the river using BMWP and ASPT analyzes. Samplings were carried out at 15 stations between October 2017 and July 2018, seasonally. 11897 specimens belonging to 136 benthic invertebrate taxa were determined. Diptera and Oligochaeta were the dominant groups with 32 and 25 taxa, respectively. Station 4 has the highest species richness with 49 taxa. The highest individual number (3421) was at the 14th station. Tubifex tubifex and Physella acuta have the highest dominancy (25.76%) and frequency (51.67) values, respectively. Diversity (H’) values of the stations fluctuated between 1.367 (st. 13) and 3.154 (st.12). Similarity analysis showed that the 3rd and 11th stations have the highest similarity (> 90%), while the 14th station was an outgroup and has 28% similarity ratio. According to BMWP and ASPT scores, there was no 1st class water quality in the river, but the results of the TR-BMWP score suggested that the 1st, 4th and 6th stations had 1st class water quality.
Three Decades of Novel Drug Approval: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Joshi Geeta , Jain Aditi , Garg Harshit , Bhandari Mukund 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study analyzes FDA approved novel therapeutic drugs over the past three decades to identify trends in drug development. The study collected and analyzed information on drug attributes, approval types, and targeted diseases for drugs approved between 1991 and 2023. Results show that the FDA has approved 1096 novel drugs, with 79% being new molecular entities (NME) and 21% being biologics. Priority review was granted to 46% of the drugs, and 34% were given orphan status. Breakthrough therapy status was granted for 11% of the drugs, and 7% received accelerated approval. Novartis sponsored the highest number of approved drugs, with 54 in total. Around 22% of the drugs approved were cancer-related, with lung and breast cancer being the top two types. The study concludes that FDA's regulatory incentives could facilitate the pharmaceutical industry in addressing new challenges and bringing innovation in the future. A user-friendly web portal and application is in development to allow user to access updated comprehensive information of novel drugs all in one place.
Land Use Transformation Based on Production-Living-Ecological Space and Associated Eco-Environment Effects: Evidence from the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, China
Authors: Su Xuyang , Wang Mingyang , Zeng Yanmei , Gong Jianjiao , wen chuanhao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The rapid process of urbanization and industrialization has intensified the competition among various stakeholders for land resources, leading to increasingly fierce mutual conversion between production, living and ecological land, thus causing fluctuations in regional ecological environmental quality. This study focuses on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River (URYR), land use data were obtained by interpreting five remotely-sensed images taken in 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. Using methods such as transfer matrix, ecological environmental quality index, geographic detector etc., the study conducts quantitative analysis on land use transformation, eco-environmental effects, and influencing factors in the URYR. The results show that from 1980 to 2020, the land use transformation is manifested as an increase in living land and a decrease in production and ecological land. The primary type of land use space evolution is the transformation between production and ecological land, and the overall eco-environment quality has declined. The high-value areas are mostly concentrated in the southwest and east, while low-value aggregation areas are formed in the central and western parts. Natural environment factors serve as the base of eco-environment quality in the URYR. The influence factors from strong to weak are topographic relief, slope, net primary productivity (NPP), mean annual temperature, altitude, land use intensity, economic density, annual average precipitation, road network density, population density and land use diversity. The research findings presented in this paper can serve as a valuable reference for the fields of environmental conservation and territorial spatial planning.
Bioengineering vaccinia virus envelope protein to purify size-specific anticoagulant oligosaccharides from heterogeneous heparins
Authors: Carillo Kathleen , Mernie Elias , Tamang Hem , Chen Yi-Ju , Tseng Mei-Chun , Lou Yuan-Chao , Chen Chien-Chang , Chen Yu-Ju , Tzou Der-Lii 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Ultra-low molecular weight heparins (ULMWHs) are being used as anticoagulant drugs that exhibit a low risk, long lifetime and high efficacy. However, a robust and cost-effective purification methodology to isolate ULMWHs from naturally occurring heparins (HPs) is lacking. Vaccinia virus envelope protein A27 and a truncated variant (sA27-aa) bind specifically to HPs for virus/cell attachment. Here, we reported that using a high-affinity bioengineered sA27-aa for heparinase depolymerisation enables extraction of size-specific oligosaccharides, such as tetra-, hexa- and octa-saccharides (HP-4, -6 and − 8, respectively), with high purity and yield. Molecular interactions of the HP-4•viral protein complex and HP-4 sugar composition were resolved by mass and NMR, with data from both spectrometry in good agreement. As demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro bioassays, HP-4 possesses superior antithrombotic efficacy, stable properties and a low bleeding risk. Our methodology facilitates unprecedented extraction of unique ULMWHs that could benefit patients suffering from thrombosis.
Lightning association with aerosol and relative humidity over Andhra Pradesh and adjacent area in southeast India: A general prospection
Authors: Lal Deen Mani , Umakanth Nandivada 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The association of lightning yield per vertical column aerosol of unit cross section (AOD) with relative humidity and rainfall has been investigated using surface observation as well as satellite data for the south-east Indian peninsula, especially Hyderabad and adjacent areas, from 2019–2022. For the healthy finding, the study domain area has been separated into three sub-regions: Region R1 (Lat: 17.7–19.5; Lon: 78.5–84.5); R2 (Lat: 15.1–17.5; Lon: 76–80.1); and R3 (Lat: 12.5–15; Lon: 76–80.1). During the investigation, a non-homogeneous relationship between aerosol and lightning has been found, which increases with decreasing latitude (moving towards the south). It has also been found that the yield of lightning per AOD, cloud per AOD, and rainfall increases when relative humidity increases. However, lightning per AOD is non-linearly associated with humidity during the rain. Most of the clouds in region R2 have lightning, with or without rain. A regression equation has been investigated that successfully captures the lightning that occurred in the regions R1 and R2.