bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chancen des Öffentlich-Rechtlichen Rundfunks
Authors: Dobusch Leonhard 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDer öffentlich-rechtliche Rundfunk steht in der Kritik, seinem gesetzlichen Auftrag nicht adäquat nachzukommen, da vor allem das jüngere Publikum nicht mehr erreicht wird, auch nicht mit den digitalen Angeboten. Von entscheidender Bedeutung ist eine breit verstandene Demokratisierung der öffentlich-rechtlichen Medien, um ihre Legitimität im Digitalzeitalter neu zu begründen und ihre Attraktivität zu erhöhen. Dabei kommt es darauf an, von einer defensiven Fortschreibung einmal etablierter Strukturen in die digitale Welt zu einem offensiven Um- und Ausbau zu gelangen – mit dem Ziel, vielfältiger, inklusiver und demokratischer zu werden. Anhand der drei Bereiche Medienkonsum, Medienproduktion und Mediengovernance arbeitet der Beitrag öffentlich-rechtliche Demokratisierungspotenziale heraus. Allen ist gemein, dass sie sich vor dem Hintergrund neuer digitaler Technologien eröffnen, keineswegs aber automatisch im Zuge der Digitalisierung einstellen.
On two-loop divergences of effective action in 6D, $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = (1, 1) SYM theory
Authors: Buchbinder I. L. , Ivanov E. A. , Merzlikin B. S. , Stepanyantz K. V. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study the off-shell structure of the two-loop effective action in 6D,$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 1) supersymmetric gauge theories formulated in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 0) harmonic superspace. The off-shell effective action involving all fields of 6D,$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 1) supermultiplet is constructed by the harmonic superfield background field method, which ensures both manifest gauge covariance and manifest $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 0) supersymmetry. We analyze the off-shell divergences dependent on both gauge and hypermultiplet superfields and argue that the gauge invariance of the divergences is consistent with the non-locality in harmonics. The two-loop contributions to the effective action are given by harmonic supergraphs with the background gauge and hypermultiplet superfields. The procedure is developed to operate with the harmonic-dependent superpropagators in the two-loop supergraphs within the superfield dimensional regularization. We explicitly calculate the gauge and the hypermultiplet-mixed divergences as the coefficients of $$ \frac{1}{\varepsilon^2} $$

1

ε
2

and demonstrate that the corresponding expressions are non-local in harmonics.
Fate of Quantum Anomalies for 1d lattice chiral fermion with a simple non-Hermitian Hamiltonian
Authors: Chen Wei-Qiang , Wu Yong-Shi , Xi Wenjie , Yi Wei-Zhu , Yue Gen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
It is generally believed that the 1+1D model for a single chiral fermion does not exist by itself alone on lattice. The obstruction to such a lattice realization is the failure to reproduce the quantum anomalies of a chiral fermion in continuum. The conventional way to escape is to associate the anomalous 1d system with a 2d bulk, which is in a topologically non-trivial state, as the boundary of the latter. In this paper, we propose a 1+1D chiral fermion model on 1d spatial lattice, standing alone — without being associated with a 2d bulk — with a simple non-Hermitian hopping Hamiltonian. We demonstrate, using various methods, that the model possesses the same chiral anomaly and gravitational anomaly as in continuum theory. Furthermore, with appropriate parameters, the low energy effective theory of the model remains a field theory for unitary chiral fermions. The essential reason for the success is that the usual “doubled” fermion mode with opposite chirality is rapidly damped out because of non-Hermicity of the Hamiltonian.
CP asymmetry in τ → Kπντ within non-minimal SU(5)
Authors: Faisel Gaber , Khalil S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Direct CP asymmetry in semi-leptonic τ decays is an intriguing hint for new physics beyond the standard model. We investigate the CP asymmetry in $$ {\tau}^{-}\to {K}_S^0{\pi}^{-}{\nu}_{\tau } $$

τ
−

→

K
S
0

π
−

ν
τ

and τ− → K−π0ντ decays in the context of the non-minimal SU(5) model, with 45-dimensional Higgs multiplet. We show that the associate color-triplet scalar, which is a natural example of a scalar leptoquark, can mediate the $$ \tau \to s\overline{u}{\nu}_{\tau } $$
τ
→
s

u
¯

ν
τ

transition and account for the observed 2.8 σ discrepancy in $$ {A}_{\textrm{CP}}\left({\tau}^{-}\to {K}_S^0{\pi}^{-}{\nu}_{\tau}\right) $$

A
CP

τ
−

→

K
S
0

π
−

ν
τ

compared to the SM expectation. We also predict a sizable ACP(τ− → K−π0ντ), of $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10−3), which can be experimentally accessible in current and near future experiments.
The pathogenesis of common Gjb2 mutations associated with human hereditary deafness in mice
Authors: Li Qing , Cui Chong , Liao Rongyu , Yin Xidi , Wang Daqi , Cheng Yanbo , Huang Bowei , Wang Liqin , Yan Meng , Zhou Jinan , Zhao Jingjing , Tang Wei , Wang Yingyi , Wang Xiaohan , Lv Jun , Li Jinsong , Li Huawei , Shu Yilai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMutations in GJB2 (Gap junction protein beta 2) are the most common genetic cause of non-syndromic hereditary deafness in humans, especially the 35delG and 235delC mutations. Owing to the homozygous lethality of Gjb2 mutations in mice, there are currently no perfect mouse models carrying Gjb2 mutations derived from patients for mimicking human hereditary deafness and for unveiling the pathogenesis of the disease. Here, we successfully constructed heterozygous Gjb2+/35delG and Gjb2+/235delC mutant mice through advanced androgenic haploid embryonic stem cell (AG-haESC)-mediated semi-cloning technology, and these mice showed normal hearing at postnatal day (P) 28. A homozygous mutant mouse model, Gjb235delG/35delG, was then generated using enhanced tetraploid embryo complementation, demonstrating that GJB2 plays an indispensable role in mouse placenta development. These mice exhibited profound hearing loss similar to human patients at P14, i.e., soon after the onset of hearing. Mechanistic analyses showed that Gjb2 35delG disrupts the function and formation of intercellular gap junction channels of the cochlea rather than affecting the survival and function of hair cells. Collectively, our study provides ideal mouse models for understanding the pathogenic mechanism of DFNB1A-related hereditary deafness and opens up a new avenue for investigating the treatment of this disease.
Strategies for automating analytical and bioanalytical laboratories
Authors: Thurow Kerstin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAnalytical measurement methods are used in different areas of production and quality control, diagnostics, environmental monitoring, or in research applications. If direct inline or online measurement methods are not possible, the samples taken have to be processed offline in the manual laboratory. Automated processes are increasingly being used to enhance throughput and improve the quality of results. In contrast to bioscreening, the degree of automation in (bio)analytical laboratories is still low. This is due in particular to the complexity of the processes, the required process conditions, and the complex matrices of the samples. The requirements of the process to be automated itself and numerous other parameters influence the selection of a suitable automation concept. Different automation strategies can be used to automate (bio)analytical processes. Classically, liquid handler-based systems are used. For more complex processes, systems with central robots are used to transport samples and labware. With the development of new collaborative robots, there will also be the possibility of distributed automation systems in the future, which will enable even more flexible automation and use of all subsystems. The complexity of the systems increases with the complexity of the processes to be automated.
Graphical Abstract
Patterns of rock pool molluscs in differing shore exposures
Authors: Gonçalves Inês , Vinagre Catarina , Silva Ana 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRock pools are understudied systems of extreme importance due to their proven vulnerability to climate change. Rock pool molluscs play essential ecological roles therein, directly by acting both as prey and predator and, indirectly by influencing the macroalgal canopy/vegetation topography via grazing. However, the environmental factors driving their rock pool occupation remain largely unknown. Our study is one of the few to focus on community patterns in rock pool molluscs, particularly at a large scale between shores of differing exposure to wave action, being the first focused assessment of rock pool molluscs in Portugal. Overall, 32 intertidal rock pools on four rocky shores were studied during the summer spring tide of 2015. We used multivariate analysis to evaluate the potential impact of sheltered versus exposed wave action, physical pool structure (length, width, and depth), and relationships within the pool community on the abundance and diversity of molluscs. Wave exposure significantly influenced mollusc abundance and diversity. The majority of the 37 different taxa identified were grazing gastropods (62.2%), followed by bivalves (27.0%) and chitons (10.8%). We suggest that mollusc taxa may have preferences for particular rock pool habitats depending on the type of algae present rather than pool size. We also suggest that species-specific mollusc presence in rock pools can be related to their shell size, aperture, and foot size due to corresponding variation in musculature needed to hold the snail to the substrate in hydrodynamic conditions. Further investigation would benefit from disentangling the potential role of algal pool coverage as a refuge for molluscs.
The role of DSC MR perfusion in predicting IDH mutation and 1p19q codeletion status in gliomas: meta-analysis and technical considerations
Authors: Siakallis Loizos , Topriceanu Constantin-Cristian , Panovska-Griffiths Jasmina , Bisdas Sotirios 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and 1p19q codeletion status are important for managing glioma patients. However, current practice dictates invasive tissue sampling for histomolecular classification. We investigated the current value of dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MR perfusion imaging as a tool for the non-invasive identification of these biomarkers.

Methods
A systematic search of PubMed, Medline, and Embase up to 2023 was performed, and meta-analyses were conducted. We removed studies employing machine learning models or using multiparametric imaging. We used random-effects standardized mean difference (SMD) and bivariate sensitivity-specificity meta-analyses, calculated the area under the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and performed meta-regressions using technical acquisition parameters (e.g., time to echo [TE], repetition time [TR]) as moderators to explore sources of heterogeneity. For all estimates, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are provided.

Results
Sixteen eligible manuscripts comprising 1819 patients were included in the quantitative analyses. IDH mutant (IDHm) gliomas had lower rCBV values compared to their wild-type (IDHwt) counterparts. The highest SMD was observed for rCBVmean, rCBVmax, and rCBV 75th percentile (SMD≈ − 0.8, 95% CI ≈ [− 1.2, − 0.5]). In meta-regression, shorter TEs, shorter TRs, and smaller slice thicknesses were linked to higher absolute SMDs. When discriminating IDHm from IDHwt, the highest pooled specificity was observed for rCBVmean (82% [72, 89]), and the highest pooled sensitivity (i.e., 92% [86, 93]) and AUC (i.e., 0.91) for rCBV 10th percentile. In the bivariate meta-regression, shorter TEs and smaller slice gaps were linked to higher pooled sensitivities. In IDHm, 1p19q codeletion was associated with higher rCBVmean (SMD = 0.9 [0.2, 1.5]) and rCBV 90th percentile (SMD = 0.9 [0.1, 1.7]) values.

Conclusions
Identification of vascular signatures predictive of IDH and 1p19q status is a novel promising application of DSC perfusion. Standardization of acquisition protocols and post-processing of DSC perfusion maps are warranted before widespread use in clinical practice.
Transanal formation of anastomosis using C-REX device is feasible and effective in high anterior resection
Authors: Vilhjalmsson Dadi , Lepsenyi Mattias , Syk Ingvar , Grönberg Anders , Thorlacius Henrik 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
C-REX is a novel instrument for creating stapleless colorectal anastomosis by compression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of C-REX in open and laparoscopic high anterior resections.

Methods
A prospective clinical safety study on 21 patients reconstructed with C-REX colorectal anastomosis following high anterior resection of the sigmoid colon using two different devices for intraabdominal (n = 6) or transanal (n = 15) placement of the anastomotic rings. Any signs of complications were prospectively monitored by a predefined protocol. Anastomotic contact pressure (ACP) was measured via a catheter-based system, and time for evacuation of the anastomotic rings by the natural route was noted. Blood samples were collected daily, and flexible endoscopy was performed postoperatively to examine macroscopic appearance of the anastomoses.

Results
One of six patients operated with the intraabdominal anastomosis technique with an ACP of 50 mBar had to be reoperated because of anastomotic leakage. None of the 15 patients operated with the transanal technique (5 open and 10 laparoscopic procedures) had anastomotic complications, and their ACP ranged between 145 and 300 mBar. C-REX rings were uneventfully expelled by the natural route in all patients after a median of 10 days. Flexible endoscopy showed well-healed anastomoses without stenosis in 17 patients and a moderate subclinical stricture in one patient.

Conclusion
These results indicate that the novel transanal C-REX device is a feasible and effective method for colorectal anastomosis following high anterior resections, irrespective of open or laparoscopic approach. Moreover, C-REX allows measurement of intraoperative ACP and thereby a quantitative evaluation of the anastomotic integrity.
Characterization of clinicopathological features, treatment practices, and outcomes among Finnish advanced breast cancer patients in real-life clinical practice
Authors: Heinolainen Krista , Saarinen Silva , Vertuani Simona , Ellonen Antti , Karlsson Antti , Utriainen Meri , Carlqvist Peter , Mandelin Jami , Holm Barbro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
In recent years, several new targeted therapies have emerged for advanced breast cancer (aBC). However, real-life data specific to aBC and different breast cancer subtypes are scarce. This retrospective cohort study was designed to describe the distribution of aBC subtypes, incidence, treatment patterns, survival, and PIK3CA hotspot mutation frequency.

Methods
The study included all patients in the Hospital District of Southwest Finland diagnosed with aBC between 2004 and 2013 and with a sample available in Auria Biobank. In addition to registry-based data collection, 161 HR+/HER2− aBCs were screened for PIK3CA mutations.

Results
Altogether, 54.7% of the 444 patients included in the study had luminal B subtype. The smallest representations were in HR−/HER2+ (4.5%) and triple-negative (5.6%) subgroups. The percentage of aBC among all diagnosed breast cancers increased until 2010, after which it remained stable. The triple-negative cancers were associated with shorter median overall survival (5.5 months) compared to other subgroups (16.5–24.6 months). Most (84%) triple-negative cancers also metastasized during the first two years, whereas this was more evenly distributed over time in other subgroups. Of the HR+/HER2− tumors, 32.3% harbored a PIK3CA hotspot mutation. These patients, however, did not have inferior survival compared to patients with PIK3CA wild-type cancers.

Conclusion
This study described real-world aBC subgroups and indicated that the clinical outcomes of subgroups vary. Although PIK3CA hotspot mutations did not lead to inferior survival, they are relevant as possible treatment targets. Overall, these data could be utilized to further evaluate the subgroup-specific medical needs in breast cancer.
Crystal chemistry of ferriallanite-(Ce) from Nya Bastnäs, Sweden: Chemical and spectroscopic study
Authors: Sobek Kamil , Losos Zdeněk , Škoda Radek , Holá Markéta , Nasdala Lutz 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA second study of ferriallanite-(Ce) from Nya Bastnäs, Sweden, extends current data by using electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis and brings new insights about its crystal chemistry obtained by Raman spectroscopy. The study presents the first Raman spectra for ferriallanite-(Ce) member of the allanite group (not considering the rather low-quality spectra published in preceding papers). The material does not show significant radiation damage, which is rare as allanite-group minerals often have undergone metamictisation due to significant amounts of incorporated radionuclides (U, Th). Some interior regions show pronounced zoning that correlates with variations in Raman-band positions. In spite of its significant REE content, the material is virtually non-luminescent. New additional data for allanite-(Ce) from Oßling, Germany and Domanínek, Czech Republic are also presented, which were used for comparison.
Osteosynthesis-associated infection in maxillofacial surgery by bacterial biofilms: a retrospective cohort study of 11 years
Authors: Zirk Matthias , Markewitsch Waldemar , Peters Franziska , Kröger Nadja , Lentzen Max-Philipp , Zoeller Joachim E. , Zinser Max 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this retrospective cohort study was to determine risk factors for osteosynthesis-associated infections (OAI) with subsequent necessity of implant removal in oral and maxillofacial surgery.Materials and methodsA total of 3937 records of patients who received either orthognathic, trauma, or reconstructive jaw surgery from 2009 to 2021 were screened for osteosynthetic material removal due to infection. Treatment-intervals, volume of applied osteosynthetic material, and respective surgical procedures were also assessed. Moreover, intraoperatively harvested microbial flora was cultured and subsequently identified by MALDI TOF. Bacteria were then screened for antibiotic resistance via VITEK system or, if necessary, via agar diffusion or epsilometer test. Data was analyzed utilizing SPSS statistical software. For statistical analysis of categorical variables, chi-square tests or Fisher exact tests were used. Continuous variables were compared via non-parametric tests. The level of significance forp-values was set at < 0.05. Descriptive analysis was also performed.ResultsThe lower jaw was more prone to OAI than the mid face region. Larger volumes of osteosynthetic material led to significantly more OAI, resulting in reconstruction plates bearing the highest risk for OAI especially when compared to small-volume mini-plates frequently applied in trauma surgery. Among OAI associated with implant volumes smaller than 1500 mm3, the detection ofStreptococcus spp., Prevotella spp., Staphylococcus spp., andVeillonella spp. was significantly elevated, whereas implant volumes larger than 1500 mm3showed a significant increase ofEnterococcus faecalis,Proteus mirabilisandPseudomonas aeruginosa. High susceptibility rates (87.7–95.7%) were documented for 2nd- and 3rd-generation cephalosporines and piperacillin/tazobactam.ConclusionHigh material load and lower jaw reconstruction bear the greatest risks for OAI. When working with large volume osteosynthetic implants, gram-negative pathogens must be considered when choosing an appropriate antibiotic regime. Suitable antibiotics include, e.g., piperacillin/tazobactam and 3rd-generation cephalosporines.Clinical relevanceOsteosynthetic material utilized in reconstructive procedures of the lower jaw may be colonized with drug-resistant biofilms.
Toward the validation of VR-HMDs for medical education: a systematic literature review
Authors: Pedram Shiva , Kennedy Grace , Sanzone Sal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe latest technological advancements in the domain of virtual reality (VR) have created new opportunities to use VR as a training platform for medical students and practitioners more broadly. Despite the growing interest in the use of VR as a training tool, a commonly identified gap in VR-training for medical education is the confidence in the long-term validity of the applications. A systematic literature review was undertaken to explore the extent of VR (in particular head-mounted displays) applications for medical training with an additional focus on validation measures. The papers included in this review discussed empirical case studies of specific applications; however, these were mostly concerned with human–computer interaction and were polarized between demonstrating that a conceptual technology solution was feasible for simulation or looked at specific areas of VR usability with little discussion on validation measures for long-term training effectiveness and outcomes. The review uncovered a wide range of ad hoc applications and studies in terms of technology vendors, environments, tasks, envisaged users and effectiveness of learning outcomes. This presents decision-making challenges for those seeking to adopt, implement and embed such systems in teaching practice. The authors of this paper then take a wider socio-technical systems perspective to understand how the holistic training system can be engineered and validated effectively as fit for purpose, through distillation of a generic set of requirements from the literature review to aid design specification and implementation, and to drive more informed and traceable validation of these types of systems. In this review, we have identified 92 requirement statements in 11 key areas against which a VR-HMD training system could be validated; these were grouped into design considerations, learning mechanisms and implementation considerations.
On computing small variable disjunction branch-and-bound trees
Authors: Gläser Max , Pfetsch Marc E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article investigates smallest branch-and-bound trees and their computation. We first revisit the notion of hiding sets to deduce lower bounds on the size of branch-and-bound trees for certain binary programs, using both variable disjunctions and general disjunctions. We then provide exponential lower bounds for variable disjunctions by a disjoint composition of smaller binary programs. Moreover, we investigate the complexity of finding small branch-and-bound trees using variable disjunctions: We show that it is not possible to approximate the size of a smallest branch-and-bound tree within a factor of $$\smash {2^{\frac{1}{5}n}}$$

2

1
5

n

in time $$O(2^{\delta n})$$

O
(

2

δ
n

)

with $$\delta <\tfrac{1}{5}$$

δ
<

1
5

, unless the strong exponential time hypothesis fails. Similarly, for any $$\varepsilon > 0$$

ε
>
0

, no polynomial time $$\smash {2^{(\frac{1}{2} - \varepsilon )n}}$$

2

(

1
2

-
ε
)
n

-approximation is possible, unless $$\text {P} = \text {NP} $$

P
=
NP

. We also show that computing the size of a smallest branch-and-bound tree exactly is $${\#P} $$

#
P

-hard. Similar results hold for estimating the size of the tree produced by branching rules like most-infeasible branching. Finally, we discuss that finding small branch-and-bound trees generalizes finding short treelike resolution refutations, and thus non-automatizability results transfer from this setting.