bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do academic inventors have diverse interests?
Authors: Xu Shuo , Li Ling , An Xin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAcademic inventors bridge science and technology, and have attracted increasing attention. However, little is known about whether they have more diverse research interests than researchers with a single role, and whether their important position for science–technology interactions correlates with their diverse interests. For this purpose, we describe a rule-based approach for matching and identifying academic inventors, and an author interest discovery model with credit allocation schemes is utilized to measure the diversity of each researcher’s interests. Finally, extensive empirical results on the DrugBank dataset provide several valuable insights. Contrary to our intuitive expectation, the research interests of academic inventors are the least diverse, while those of authors are the most. In addition, the important position of the researchers has a certain relation with the diversity of research interests. More specifically, the degree of centrality has a significant positive correlation with the diversity of interests, and the constraint presents a significant negative correlation. A significant weaker negative correlation can also be observed between the diversity of research interests of academic inventors and their closeness centrality. The normalized betweenness centrality seems be independent from interest diversity. These conclusions help understand the mechanisms of the important position of academic inventors for science–technology interactions, from the perspective of research interests.
Gender Gaps in Working Conditions
Authors: Antón José-Ignacio , Grande Rafael , Muñoz de Bustillo Rafael , Pinto Fernando 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe evolution of the gender pay gap has received a great deal of attention from academia and public opinion alike, yet our understanding of the differences in non-monetary working conditions is much scarcer. Through the use of the European Working Conditions Survey and six composite indicators of job quality, this research aims to expand our knowledge on the gender gaps in job attributes across the European Union over the period 2005–2015 in three ways: firstly, we explore gender differences in working conditions, revealing the distinct patterns identified by the dimensions of job quality and country; secondly, we find that, on average, women’s relative position deteriorates in terms of the physical environment and working time quality; a result that again reflects considerable heterogeneity across the countries in the sample. Lastly, we find clear evidence of a catch-up process in job quality in all the non-monetary dimensions of working conditions across the European Union.
Systems Approach to Polarization Calibration for the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST)
Authors: Harrington David M. , Sueoka Stacey R. , Schad Thomas A. , Beck Christian , Eigenbrot Arthur D. , de Wijn Alfred G. , Casini Roberto , White Amanda J. , Jaeggli Sarah A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) advances studies of solar magnetism through high-precision and accuracy in polarimetry at frontier spatial and temporal scales. A system model for polarization response in azimuth and altitude has been developed to calibrate DKIST instruments. The DKIST team has developed several new modeling and performance-estimation techniques coupled with thorough metrology. These efforts ensure that quality polarimetry is delivered to meet stringent accuracy requirements. A custom spectropolarimetric calibration system was designed, installed, and used to perform end-to-end calibration of the telescope using the beam within the Cryo-NIRSP instrument. Extensive optical and polarization characterization efforts allow for the reduction of systematic errors within a detailed system model that includes elliptical calibration retarders. Coating witness samples for every relevant optic in the system have been measured. Aperture-dependent variations in polarizer, retarder, and optic-coating performance have been measured and used to simulate both the polarization dependence on field angle and errors within the optical-system model. Multiple observations on-Sun and with a calibration lamp agree well with each other and with the system model. Upcoming multi-instrument observations are expected to be well calibrated with detailed understanding of major error limitations.
Dynamic Curriculum Learning for Great Ape Detection in the Wild
Authors: Yang Xinyu , Burghardt Tilo , Mirmehdi Majid 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe propose a novel end-to-end curriculum learning approach for sparsely labelled animal datasets leveraging large volumes of unlabelled data to improve supervised species detectors. We exemplify the method in detail on the task of finding great apes in camera trap footage taken in challenging real-world jungle environments. In contrast to previous semi-supervised methods, our approach adjusts learning parameters dynamically over time and gradually improves detection quality by steering training towards virtuous self-reinforcement. To achieve this, we propose integrating pseudo-labelling with curriculum learning policies and show how learning collapse can be avoided. We discuss theoretical arguments, ablations, and significant performance improvements against various state-of-the-art systems when evaluating on the Extended PanAfrican Dataset holding approx. 1.8M frames. We also demonstrate our method can outperform supervised baselines with significant margins on sparse label versions of other animal datasets such as Bees and Snapshot Serengeti. We note that performance advantages are strongest for smaller labelled ratios common in ecological applications. Finally, we show that our approach achieves competitive benchmarks for generic object detection in MS-COCO and PASCAL-VOC indicating wider applicability of the dynamic learning concepts introduced. We publish all relevant source code, network weights, and data access details for full reproducibility.
An automatic unsupervised complex event processing rules generation architecture for real-time IoT attacks detection
Authors: Roldán-Gómez José , Martínez del Rincon Jesús , Boubeta-Puig Juan , Martínez José Luis 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has grown rapidly, as has the number of attacks against it. Certain limitations of the paradigm, such as reduced processing capacity and limited main and secondary memory, make it necessary to develop new methods for detecting attacks in real time as it is difficulty to adapt as has the techniques used in other paradigms. In this paper, we propose an architecture capable of generating complex event processing (CEP) rules for real-time attack detection in an automatic and completely unsupervised manner. To this end, CEP technology, which makes it possible to analyze and correlate a large amount of data in real time and can be deployed in IoT environments, is integrated with principal component analysis (PCA), Gaussian mixture models (GMM) and the Mahalanobis distance. This architecture has been tested in two different experiments that simulate real attack scenarios in an IoT network. The results show that the rules generated achieved an F1 score of .9890 in detecting six different IoT attacks in real time.
Beyond conventional corporate responses to climate change towards deep decarbonization: a systematic literature review
Authors: Johnson Matthew P. , Rötzel Theresa S. , Frank Brigitte 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOver the past 20 years, the literature on corporate responses to climate change has offered a vast array of theoretical and practical insights into organizational efforts to reduce business-related carbon emissions. However, it remains unclear whether these efforts will result in significant reductions of carbon emissions. Presently, it becomes crucial to understand, if, why, and how companies can effectively respond to the current challenges of deep decarbonization, defined as the process of emission reduction down to, or close to, zero to limit global warming. By means of a systematic literature review with 370 identified papers, we are able to categorize the main findings of the literature according to the four most common areas of investigation, including drivers, actions, barriers, and facilitators. Additionally, we conduct a comparative analysis of the literature along these four areas of investigation according to two categories: conventional responses and deep decarbonization responses. The results show that the literature on conventional responses to climate change (n = 321) extensively covers all four areas of investigation; however, it only touches on the descriptive (i.e., ‘what’) aspects of decarbonization. The recent and emerging literature on deep decarbonization responses (n = 49) provides novel insights on the prescriptive (i.e., ‘why’ and ‘how’) aspects of deep decarbonization. However, this literature is restricted to mostly regional and industrial foci, and it does not connect drivers, barriers, and facilitators in a systematic way. Thus, we highlight key implications for future research and practice in order to effectively address corporate deep decarbonization.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) on waste management options for derelict fishing gear
Authors: Schneider Falk , Parsons Sophie , Clift Sally , Stolte Andrea , Krüger Michael , McManus Marcelle 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Derelict fishing gear (DFG) is one of the most abundant and harmful types of marine litter that gets increasingly retrieved from the ocean. However, for this novel waste stream recycling and recovery pathways are not yet commonly established. To identify the most suitable waste management system, this study assesses the potential environmental impacts of DFG waste treatment options in Europe.

Methods
This study applies an attributional life cycle assessment (LCA) to four DFG waste treatment scenarios, namely a mechanical recycling, syngas production, energy recovery and landfill disposal. The scope spans from the retrieval and transport processes to pre- and end-treatment steps until the outputs are sent to landfill or assumed to substitute products or energy. Primary data was collected from retrieval and waste treatment trials in Europe. Contribution, sensitivity and uncertainty analyses were conducted using the LCA software SimaPro and ReCiPe as the impact methodology.

Results and discussion
The results show that the mechanical recycling and energy recovery achieve the lowest potential environmental impacts. The syngas production and landfill disposal scenario are not environmentally competitive because they require too much electricity, or their avoided production credits were too small to offset their emissions. Unlike the pre-treatment and transport processes, the retrieval and end-treatment processes have a significant impact on the overall results. The transport distances, energy mix and market and technological assumptions are least sensitive, while changes to the waste composition significantly affect the results. Especially a reduced lead content benefits the human toxicity impact potential of the landfill disposal scenario. The uncertainty analysis showed that the results are very robust in nine of twelve impact categories.

Conclusions
This is the first LCA study that compares waste treatment options for marine litter. The results indicate that a disposal of DFG is hazardous and should be replaced with mechanical recycling or energy recovery. While this may be technologically possible and environmentally beneficial, economic and social factors should also be considered before a final decision is made. To further reduce environmental impacts, marine litter prevention should play a more important role.

Graphical abstract
The effect of polypropylene fiber on the curing time of class G oil well cement and its mechanical, petrophysical, and elastic properties
Authors: Ahmed Abdulmalek , Mahmoud Ahmed Abdulhamid , Elkatatny Salaheldin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe cement paste is subjected to various loads throughout a well’s life, which may compromise some of its essential characteristics and impair its performance. When the cement paste is first being formed and the cement’s characteristics have not yet fully matured, these loadings take on greater importance. In this study, the early properties of cement used in oil wells that contains polypropylene fiber are assessed. Five different curing times were used to prepare ten cement samples (6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h). Five samples contained polypropylene fiber, while the remaining five samples were without polypropylene fibers. After the samples were prepared, the examination of several early cement properties took place. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to describe each sample in order to determine how the curing times affected the cement’s porosity. The findings demonstrated that both cement systems’ compressive and tensile strengths increased with curing time, and that adding polypropylene fiber enhanced the cement’s strength. The porosity and permeability of the cement specimens were significantly reduced with the incorporation of polypropylene fibers, as well as with time during the curing process for both cement samples. The reduction of Young’s modulus and the increase in Poisson’s ratio show that the addition of polypropylene fibers also makes the cement more elastic. To express variations in porosity as well as compressive and tensile strengths, logarithmic relationships were constructed. While the Poisson’s ratio, Young’s modulus, density variations, and permeability were precisely modeled by power-law equations.
Comparative analysis between traditional and emerging technologies: economic and viability evaluation in a real case scenario
Authors: Pinho Correia Valério Bernardo Catarina , Marques Lameirinhas Ricardo A. , Neto Torres João Paulo , Baptista António 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis research work aims to study photovoltaic systems that generate energy for self-consumption using different traditional technologies, such as silicon, and emerging technologies, like nanowires and quantum. The photovoltaic system without batteries was implemented in a residential property in three different places, in Portugal. According to Portuguese Law, the sale of surplus energy to the grid is possible but the respective value for its selling is not defined. To evaluate the project viability, two different analyses are considered: with and without the sale of surplus energy to the grid. Results show that if there is no sale of excess energy produced to the grid, the project is not economically viable considering the four different technologies. Otherwise, using traditional technologies, the project is economically viable, presenting a payback time lower than 10 years. This shows that the introduction of nanostructures in solar cells is not yet a good solution in the application of solar systems namely with the current law. Furthermore, independently of the used technology, the current Portuguese law seems to difficult the investment return, which should not be the way to encourage the use of renewable sources.
On $$\sigma $$-Solubility Criteria for Finite Groups
Authors: Ballester-Bolinches A. , Kamornikov S. F. , Pérez-Calabuig V. , Tyutyanov V. N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the structure of finite groups in which maximal subgroups of some Sylow subgroups have a $$\sigma $$
σ
-soluble or $$\sigma $$
σ
-nilpotent supplement, where $$\sigma $$
σ
is a partition of the set of all prime numbers, is investigated. Some solubility, $$\sigma $$
σ
-solubility and $$\sigma $$
σ
-nilpotency criteria leading to some significant improvements of earlier results are given.
Wollen und können ältere Beschäftigte länger erwerbstätig bleiben, wenn sich ihre Arbeit verbessert?
Authors: Garthe Nina , Hasselhorn Hans Martin 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Im Kontext politischer Bemühungen, ältere Beschäftigte in Deutschland länger im Erwerbsleben zu halten, wird untersucht, wie lange diese noch erwerbstätig sein wollen und können und wie sich tatsächliche Veränderungen von Arbeitsbedingungen auf ihre Erwerbsperspektive auswirken.

Methodik
Datengrundlage der Analysen sind die zweite (2014) und dritte (2018) Welle der lidA-Studie, welche repräsentativ für sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigte der Geburtsjahrgänge 1959 und 1965 in Deutschland ist. In deskriptiven Quer- und Längsschnittanalysen werden die Veränderungen von den vier Arbeitsfaktoren schwere körperliche Arbeit, das Arbeiten im Schichtdienst, die Anerkennung von Leistungen und Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten im Zusammenhang mit der Veränderung der Erwerbsperspektive („Bis zu welchem Alter wollen bzw. können Sie erwerbstätig bleiben?“) untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Ältere Beschäftigte in Deutschland wollen deutlich früher aus dem Erwerbsleben aussteigen als sie – den eigenen Einschätzungen nach – noch erwerbstätig sein könnten – Männer dabei länger als Frauen, und ältere Beschäftigte länger als jüngere. Im Längsschnitt zeigt sich, dass sich sowohl das Wollen als auch das Können bei vielen älteren Beschäftigten mit der Annäherung an die Regelaltersgrenze verlängern. Zudem gehen Verbesserungen von Arbeitsbedingungen meist mit einer Verlängerung der Erwerbsperspektive einher.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse offenbaren unterschiedliche Muster, jeweils unterschiedlich in Bezug auf die untersuchten Arbeitsfaktoren, das Wollen und Können sowie das Geschlecht. Die Geschlechtsunterschiede können zum Teil durch die geschlechtstypisch unterschiedlichen Berufe der betroffenen Gruppen erklärt werden. Wenn Entlastungen im höheren Erwerbsalter mit einer Verlängerung der Erwerbsperspektive assoziiert sind, könnte dies auf freigelegte Ressourcen bei den Beschäftigten hinweisen. Dort, wo Entlastungen nicht mit einer Verlängerung der Erwerbsperspektive einhergehen, deutet dies darauf, dass sie eine dringend überfällige Entlastungsmaßnahme darstellen.
Inequality and Elections in Italy, 1994–2018
Authors: Bloise Francesco , Chironi Daniela , della Porta Donatella , Pianta Mario 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe increase in income and wealth inequality in Italy is well documented, but less attention has been devoted to its association with social and political outcomes. This article investigates the association between inequality and several variables on socio-economic conditions with the evolution of Italian politics over the 1994–2018 period. Voting in Italy’s regions for the centre-left and centre-right coalitions—with a focus on the Lega—is examined in seven rounds of general elections, before and after the 2008 crisis, which emerges as a key divide in these relationships. The centre-left vote is higher in the regions with an increase in mean wealth and employment rates and shows a reversal after 2008 in the support of part time employees. The centre-right vote is associated with impoverished middle classes and an increase in disparities of Southern regions. The associations shown by Lega voting are distinct from those of other centre-right forces. While political and cultural factors are important to understand political changes, our findings show that a more unequal and distressed society is clearly associated with changes in electoral behaviour.
A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research Focusing on Emotional Distress Among Adolescents: Perceived Cause and Help-Seeking
Authors: O‘Neill Alisha , Humphrey Neil , Stapley Emily 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCausal attributions and help-seeking is not well explored among adolescents, despite evidence of perceived causes for difficulties influencing how adults engage with treatment and seek help. This study reviewed extant literature to understand what adolescents at increased risk of developing mental health difficulties and those with clinically significant symptoms perceive to be the cause of emotional distress; to determine the extent to which perceived cause influences help-seeking; and to identify potential differences/commonalities between these groups. A systematic review and qualitative thematic synthesis were conducted. 3,691 articles were identified, 18 were eligible to be included and were synthesized using thematic synthesis. Six main themes related to perceived cause are reported. Three of those themes were shared between the clinical and at-risk groups: (1) challenging social factors and perceived difference, (2) problematic family dynamics, and (3) cause is complex and multifaceted. Three themes were not: (4) unfairness and perceived lack of agency and (5) concern for self and others, were exclusive to the at-risk group, and (6) coping with a mental health difficulty was exclusive to the clinical group. Four main themes related to causal attributions and help-seeking were found, including: (1) cause and implications for self-preservation; (2) the degree of personal and wider knowledge and understanding of cause; (3) perceived extent of control in managing cause; and (4) cause having potential to affect others. The findings of this review demonstrate that perceived cause for emotional distress plays a role in help-seeking among adolescent groups and highlights likely differences in how adolescents at-risk of mental health difficulties and those with clinically significant symptoms attribute cause for their difficulties and subsequently seek help. This has important implications for how to support young people experiencing or at risk of mental health difficulties and presents a strong case for pursuing more research in this area.
Topology optimization for the design of a 3D-printed rotating shaft balance
Authors: Noordman Bram , Ton Yoeri , van den Toorn Jort , de Smit Marc , Haagsma Ralph , Koenis Tim , van den Brink Wouter 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRotating shaft balances (RSBs) are devices that are used to measure rotor blade forces and moments of wind tunnel models during wind tunnel tests. The design of an RSB can be challenging, because it has to comply with many and sometimes contradicting requirements such as high stiffness and high strain gauge bridge outputs. The manufacturing of a conventional RSB consists of different subsequent steps, which can be time consuming, expensive and associated with many risks. Therefore, in this work, the authors investigate if a RSB can be designed by topology optimization and manufactured by 3D printing. A topology optimization method was developed with as design objective the minimization of strain energy with constraints for the volume of the RSB’s midsection, defined stresses at strain gauge locations used for the measurement of axial force and torque and an overhang constraint for additive manufacturing. The optimal preliminary design found by topology optimization was translated into a final printable design with the highest bridge sensitivity for axial force and torque, sufficient output for in-plane forces and moments and an acceptable safety factor on strength for combined loads. After adding extra supports required for printing, the RSB was successfully printed in metal by the laser powder bed fusion process, resulting in a product without external defects. The same topology optimization and manufacturing method can potentially be used for other balance types, leading to a reduction in total lead time and manufacturing costs while increasing the design freedom.