bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers to Overcoming Child Hunger and Malnutrition: Applying a Human Rights Approach to Improve Policy and Action
Authors: Mejía Toro Carolina , Carriedo Angela , Pérez Tamayo Eliana Maria , Crosbie Eric 
Published: August 2023

Objective: Analyze key barriers to achieving children’s right to food under Colombia’s food and nutrition security policies and programs.Methods: A literature review was conducted along with 17 semi-structured expert interviews. The law framework on the right to food was applied to analyze findings.Results: Four key barriers were found. First, a reductionist approach prevails in the political narrative. This focuses on ensuring personal food access overlooking societal and environmental impacts. Second, the implementation of policies and programs is passed on to third parties, preventing civic participation and accountability. Third, there are insufficient national data sources and indicators to monitor the impact of interventions and funding. Fourth, program implementation is unequal and inadequate, which inadvertently supports illicit economies that thrive on conditions of hunger and poverty.Conclusion: Children’s food and nutrition are reliant on organizations that focus on personal food supply without strengthening civic participation. Strengthening participation requires a human rights approach. International organizations can help the government to engage communities in policy and program improvement and oversight.
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P101 Attenuated Cyclophosphamide-Induced Liver Injury in Mice by Regulating the Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway
Authors: You Tao , Zhao Yu , Liu Shanji , Xu Hengyi 
Published: August 2023

Cyclophosphamide causes side effects in cancer patients, including hepatotoxicity. Probiotics have recently emerged as potential approaches for the administration of many diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P101 against cyclophosphamide-induced liver injury and elucidate the underlying mechanism. In this study, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P101 or Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG were pre-administered to mice with varying duration (1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks) before being intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide at a dose of 30 mg/kg/day for 7 days to induce liver injury. Results demonstrated that cyclophosphamide-induced liver injury was characterized by histopathological disorders, including irregular central venous shape and hepatic vascular rupture, as well as a severe inflammation response and oxidative stress. The administration of probiotics for 3 weeks exerted the most significant improvements in alleviating liver injury, oxidative stress, and inflammation when compared to the shorter intervention duration. Notably, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P101 exhibited more pronounced effects than Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Furthermore, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P101 enhanced the antioxidant defense system by activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, ultimately alleviating hepatotoxicity and hepatocyte apoptosis. In conclusion, this study highlighted the potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P101 to alleviate cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity.
Hydroxytyrosol–Donepezil Hybrids Play a Protective Role in an In Vitro Induced Alzheimer’s Disease Model and in Neuronal Differentiated Human SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells
Authors: Maiuolo Jessica , Costanzo Paola , Masullo Mariorosario , D’Errico Antonio , Nasso Rosarita , Bonacci Sonia , Mollace Vincenzo , Oliverio Manuela , Arcone Rosaria 
Published: August 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative pathology among progressive dementias, and it is characterized by the accumulation in the brain of extracellular aggregates of beta-amyloid proteins and neurofibrillary intracellular tangles consisting of τ-hyperphosphorylated proteins. Under normal conditions, beta-amyloid peptides exert important trophic and antioxidant roles, while their massive presence leads to a cascade of events culminating in the onset of AD. The fibrils of beta-amyloid proteins are formed by the process of fibrillogenesis that, starting from individual monomers of beta-amyloid, can generate polymers of this protein, constituting the hypothesis of the “amyloid cascade”. To date, due to the lack of pharmacological treatment for AD without toxic side effects, chemical research is directed towards the realization of hybrid compounds that can act as an adjuvant in the treatment of this neurodegenerative pathology. The hybrid compounds used in this work include moieties of a hydroxytyrosol, a nitrohydroxytyrosol, a tyrosol, and a homovanillyl alcohol bound to the N-benzylpiperidine moiety of donepezil, the main drug used in AD. Previous experiments have shown different properties of these hybrids, including low toxicity and antioxidant and chelating activities. The purpose of this work was to test the effects of hybrid compounds mixed with Aβ 1–40 to induce fibrillogenesis and mimic AD pathogenesis. This condition has been studied both in test tubes and by an in vitro model of neuronal differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The results obtained from test tube experiments showed that some hybrids inhibit the activity of the enzymes AChE, BuChE, and BACE-1. Cell experiments suggested that hybrids could inhibit fibrillogenesis, negatively modulating caspase-3. They were also shown to exert antioxidant effects, and the acetylated hybrids were found to be more functional and efficient than nonacetylated forms.
Identification of Sympetrum depressiusculum Sélys, 1841 in South Korea (Odonata: Libellulidae) According to Morphology and Genetic Markers
Authors: Pyo Jee-Young , Kim Sung-Soo , Park Jeong Sun , Kim Jong-Moon , Song Yang-Keun , Kim Iksoo 
Published: August 2023

In South Korea, both Sympetrum depressiusculum Sélys, 1841 (Odonata: Libellulidae), which is distributed throughout Europe and from Russia to the Korean Peninsula, and Sympetrum frequens Sélys, 1883, which is endemic to Japan, are recorded. However, the identity of South Korean populations and the validity of listing the two species have not yet been settled. In this study, we collected seventy-four individuals of Sympetrum species from South Korea (five localities), Russia, The Netherlands, and Japan. These samples were examined for morphology and sequenced for partial COI, 16S rRNA, and a nuclear internal spacer (ITS) region, after which these molecular data were combined with available public data from Russia, Japan, and The Netherlands. Major morphological characters that have been used to distinguish the two species and phylogenetic, network, and structure analyses all consistently suggest that South Korean populations form a single species. Consequently, it could be valid to treat South Korean populations as one species, S. depressiusculum, by applying the senior name. Nevertheless, the validity of maintaining each as an independent species in other countries may need additional study considering that our samples were focused more on South Korea and limited for Europe, Russia, and Japan.
A Fatal Case of Disseminated Histoplasmosis by Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum Misdiagnosed as Visceral Leishmaniasis—Molecular Diagnosis and Identification
Authors: Calvopiña Manuel , Toro Marcelo , Bastidas-Caldes Carlos , Vasco-Julio David , Muñoz Greta 
Published: August 2023

Histoplasmosis is an endemic mycosis in the Americas. However, its diagnosis is challenging due to the complexity and limited availability of conventional laboratory techniques—antigen tests, culture, and staining. Microscopic preparations often confuse with other pathogens, such as Leishmania spp. The genus Histoplasma capsulatum comprises three varieties: var. capsulatum, var. duboissi, and var. farciminosum, which cannot be distinguished using conventional techniques. An infant from a tropical region of Ecuador was hospitalized for fever, bloody diarrhea, and anemia persisting for two months. Upon admission, he received antibiotics and immunosuppressants. Histopathological examination of the lymph nodes, intestines, and bone marrow aspirate reported the presence of Leishmania-like amastigotes, and treatment was initiated with meglumine antimoniate and conventional amphotericin B. However, subsequent analysis of samples using PCR and DNA sequencing identified H. capsulatum var. capsulatum but not Leishmania. Despite fluconazole and amphotericin B, the infant succumbed to the disease. The delay in clinical and laboratory diagnosis of histoplasmosis and the use of nonspecific and ineffective drugs such as fluconazole led to disease dissemination and, ultimately, death. Implementing molecular diagnosis and antigen tests in laboratories located in endemic regions and reference hospitals is crucial.
Outcomes Associated with Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Use in Acute Heart Failure Hospitalizations Complicated by AKI
Authors: Aklilu Abinet M. , Kumar Sanchit , Yamamoto Yu , Moledina Dennis G. , Sinha Frederick , Testani Jeffrey M. , Wilson F. Perry 
Published: August 2023

Key Points

In a multicenter retrospective cohort study of adults hospitalized with acute heart failure, exposure to sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor during AKI was associated with lower risk of 30-day mortality.Exposure to sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor during acute heart failure–associated AKI was associated with no difference in time to renal recovery.The findings were reproducible in inverse probability-weighted analysis.

Background
Although sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) use during acute heart failure (AHF) hospitalizations is associated with symptomatic improvement, reduction in rehospitalizations, and mortality, these medications are often withheld during AKI because of concerns about worsening GFR. We aimed to investigate the safety of SGLT2i exposure during AKI among patients hospitalized with AHF. We hypothesized that SGLT2i exposure would not worsen mortality but may prolong return of creatinine to baseline.

Methods
This was a retrospective study of adults hospitalized across five Yale New Haven Health System hospitals between January 2020 and May 2022 with AHF complicated by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes–defined AKI. Patients with stage 5 CKD and those with potential contraindications to SGLT2i were excluded. We tested the association of SGLT2i use with kidney function recovery at 14 days and death at 30 days using time-varying, multivariable Cox-regression analyses.

Results
Of 3305 individuals hospitalized with AHF and AKI, 356 received SGLT2i after AKI diagnosis either as initiation or continuation. The rate of renal recovery was not significantly different among those exposed and unexposed to SGLT2i after AKI (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.79 to 1.11; P = 0.46). SGLT2i exposure was associated with lower risk of 30-day mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.45; 95% confidence interval, 0.23 to 0.87; P = 0.02). Sensitivity analyses using an inverse probability-weighted time-varying Cox regression analysis and using alternate definitions of AHF with different NT-proBNP cutoffs yielded similar results. Rates of renal recovery were similar between the exposed and unexposed cohorts regardless of the proximity of SGLT2i exposure to AKI diagnosis.

Conclusion
In adults experiencing AHF-associated AKI, exposure to SGLT2i was associated with decreased mortality and no delay in renal recovery. Prospective studies are needed to elucidate the effect of SGLT2i exposure during AKI, particularly during heart failure hospitalizations.
Optimizing broadband metamaterial absorber using deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Murakami Kenki , Kubo Wakana 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Optimization of the geometry of broadband metamaterial absorbers is crucial for improving the performance of optoelectronic devices. However, a large number of geometric parameters should be considered to achieve broad absorption, which is time-consuming. Herein, we propose a rapid and simple method for optimizing metamaterial absorbers dedicated to thermal radiation absorption using deep reinforcement learning. Deep reinforcement learning generated an ideal geometry for a broadband metamaterial absorber after 4 h, demonstrating the effectiveness of this technique for the rapid and effective optimization of metamaterial absorbers.
Numerical calculation method for the mean free path of single-mode semiconductor nanosheets with surface roughness
Authors: Okada Jo , Tanaka Hajime , Mori Nobuya 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A numerical calculation method is proposed to compute the transport mean free path of single-mode semiconductor nanosheets with surface roughness, where the mean free path is extracted from the statistical average of the logarithm of the dimensionless resistance. The present method requires only a computationally less demanding coherent transmission probability, and is applicable to wider channel length ranges from the quasi-ballistic to the localization regime. The channel thickness, T
w, dependence of the mean free path calculated by the proposed method within the effective mass approximation shows the well-known T
W
6 dependence for thicker T
w, while it becomes weaker for thinner T
w.
Evaluation of Nursing Educators’ Perceptions of Distance Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Affecting Factors
Authors: KARAÇAY Pelin , BAYSAL Ebru 
Published: August 2023

Objective: To evaluate perceptions of distance education in nursing educators and affecting factors during COVID-19.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional research was conducted with 374 educators from different schools of nursing in Turkey. The data were collected using a Personal Information Form and the Perception of Distance Education Questionnaire and were analyzed by descriptive analysis, independent samples t-test and ANOVA, linear regression analysis, and thematic analysis.
Results: Four factors related to educators’ perceptions of distance education were found: a high level of satisfaction with distance education (DE), incorporating brainstorming and video-viewing techniques, and the realization that course learning outcomes could be achieved. Seven themes regarding advantages of DE emerged: provided better time management, flexibility, and ease of access, video recordings of lessons made learning easier, physical environment issues were solved, DE is a suitable method for theoretical courses, DE made assessment and evaluation easier, DE ensured the continuation of education, and DE improved the educators’ technology skills. In addition, six themes regarding disadvantages of DE emerged: inadequate technological infrastructure, DE caused health problems, deterioration of the learning and teaching process, challenges in applied education, difficulties in assessment and evaluation, and an increase in educator and student workloads.
Conclusion: To increase positive perceptions of nursing educators towards DE, active teaching techniques should be encouraged to increase satisfaction with DE. The perceptions of nursing educators should be taken into consideration to better structure the course curricula and to eliminate the distance education infrastructure deficiencies of the institutions.
Recipes for Jet Feedback and Spin Evolution of Black Holes with Strongly Magnetized Super-Eddington Accretion Disks
Authors: Ricarte Angelo , Narayan Ramesh , Curd Brandon 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A spinning black hole (BH) accreting from a disk of strongly magnetized plasma via a magnetically arrested disk is known to produce an efficient electromagnetic jet powered by the BH’s spin energy. We present general relativistic radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulations of magnetically arrested systems covering a range of sub- to super-Eddington accretion rates. Using the numerical results from these simulations, we develop formulae to describe the magnetization, jet efficiency, and spin evolution of an accreting BH as a function of its spin and accretion rate. A BH with near-Eddington accretion experiences a mild degree of spin-down because of angular momentum loss through the jet, leading to an equilibrium spin of 0.8 rather than 1.0 at the Eddington limit. As the accretion rate increases above Eddington, the spin-down effect becomes progressively stronger, ultimately converging on previous predictions based on nonradiative simulations. In particular, spin evolution drives highly super-Eddington systems toward a BH spin near zero. The formulae developed in this letter may be applied to galaxy- and cosmological-scale simulations that include BHs. If magnetically arrested disk accretion is common among supermassive BHs, the present results have broad implications for active galactic nucleus feedback and cosmological spin evolution.
Evaluation of Plasma Levels of Interferon-Gamma, Interleukin-6, and Transforming Growth Factor-Beta in Under-Five Children with Malaria Parasitaemia
Authors: Ezeokoli Emmanuel Ozioma , Amilo Grace Ifechukwudelu , Izuchukwu E. Chukwuemeka O , Afonne O. Johnson , Ezeanosike Obumneme , Mbamalu Chinenye J , Onwe Sunday O , Ezeokoli Ogochukwu Mary , Ugwu Gabriel Chima 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND: The interaction between the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines is known to play key roles in the immune response to infectious diseases. The pathogenesis of malaria parasitemia, including its progression to symptomatic manifestation, also seems to be strongly related to this interplay.
AIM: The study evaluated the plasma levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-6 (IL)-6, which are pro- inflammatory cytokines, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), which is an anti-inflammatory cytokine; in the 6–60 months age-group children, when infected with Plasmodium falciparum, to show their relevance in the development of immunity against malaria.
METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional study involving children with uncomplicated malaria parasitemia. In the study, malaria parasitemia was confirmed by microscopy, using the Giemsa stain. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to evaluate the plasma levels of IFN-γ, IL-6, and TGF-β in the under-five children infected with P. falciparum, and their counterparts who were not infected with the parasite.
RESULTS: The median plasma IFN-γ, IL-6, and TGF-β levels in participants with malaria parasitemia were 225.15 pg/ mL, 123.31 pg/mL, and 2091.02 pg/mL, respectively. The difference in the plasma levels of TGF-β in the infected and uninfected participants was statistically significant with a p < 0.001.
CONCLUSION: The findings in this work showed that malaria parasitemia in under-five children is associated with significant depression in the plasma level of TGF-β when compared to their uninfected counterparts.
Potential anti-inflammatory activity of the Tamarix aphylla essential oil
Authors: Qnais Esam , Alqudah Abdelrahim , Wedyan Mohammed , Athamneh Rabaa Y. , Bseiso Yousra , Abudalo Rawan , Oqal Muna , Gammoh Omar 
Published: August 2023

Aim: This study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory activity and potential mechanisms of essential oil of Tamarix aphylla (EOTA).
Methods: The essential oils were extracted from the plant’s aerial parts using hydrodistillation and analyzed through gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The essential oils were assessed for their anti-inflammatory effects using well-established inflammation models, namely carrageenan-induced paw edema and peritonitis. To evaluate the antioxidant activity of the essential oil, measurements were taken for nitric oxide radical-scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation.
Results: The predominant components of the EOTA were 6,10,14-Trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (20.2%), β-Ionone (20.1%), Dodecanoic acid (12.2%), and trans-β-Caryophyllene (10%.1). The study found that EOTA significantly reduced edema, peritonitis, myeloperoxidase activity, and NOx-peritoneal lavage concentration induced by carrageenan. Additionally, the essential oil exhibited significant inhibition of nitric oxide radical production triggered by sodium nitroprusside. Furthermore, EOTA demonstrated the ability to prevent lipid peroxidation induced by Fe+2- or Fe+2 plus H2O2.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that EOTA possesses anti-inflammatory activity, potentially linked to its antioxidant capacity.
Hume et la question de la nature de la croyance
Authors: Glauser Richard 
Published: August 2023

(1) Alors que Hume distingue plusieurs sortes de propositions, nous expliquons pourquoi il se focalise sur l’inférence causale lorsqu’il examine la nature de la croyance. (2) Après avoir considéré les réponses qu’il écarte concernant la nature de la croyance, nous étudions sa solution. (3) Nous dégageons les implications de sa position, dirigée entre autres contre la théorie cartésienne du jugement. (4) Une interprétation du rôle asymétrique de la croyance par rapport aux passions et à l’action est proposée. (5) La position de Hume au sujet de la nature de la croyance, pensons-nous, rencontre une difficulté : elle est peu apte à rendre compte de la nature de la croyance existentielle négative.
Peut-on seulement savoir ce qu’ est le corps ?
Authors: Caillé Arthur 
Published: August 2023

Malgré l’intérêt de Leibniz pour la physique de Huygens, leur correspondance entre 1692 et 1695 renferme plusieurs divergences révélatrices de deux ontologies différentes des corps. Selon Leibniz, les lois de Kepler peuvent être expliquées par une circulation harmonique, alors que Huygens substitue à celle-ci une pesanteur intrinsèque des corps. De plus, pour Huygens, il y a une extension dépourvue de tout corps et pourtant matérielle, ce qui n’est pas compatible avec la métaphysique de Leibniz. Enfin, Huygens explique la cohésion des corps par des atomes extrêmement durs ; Leibniz rejette de telles entités, mais complète les lois du mouvement relatif par un niveau substantiel au-delà de l’étendue.
Apprendre à faire et à penser en organizer
Authors: Petitjean Clément 
Published: August 2023

Le développement à partir des années 1970 de curricula de formation constitue l’un des aspects les plus centraux dans l’institutionnalisation des pratiques de community organizing aux États-Unis. Objectivant les revendications d’expertise du groupe professionnel en devenir des community organizers , les programmes de formation apparaissent comme des lieux traversés par des définitions concurrentes du métier, structurées par l’opposition entre un pôle « institutionnel » et un pôle « contestataire » – le premier valorise l’extériorité experte du professionnel tandis que le second met en avant la proximité avec les groupes mobilisés. Pour saisir ces luttes symboliques au ras des pratiques, l’article s’appuie sur l’observation participante d’un stage de formation organisé en mars 2016 par la Midwest Academy, organisme créé en 1973 et qui constitue un lieu de formation incontournable à l’échelle nationale. Il montre pourquoi et comment, dans un contexte de dynamique contestataire entretenue par le mouvement Black Lives Matter, ce stage devient le lieu d’une remise en cause frontale du contenu de formation, donnant à voir des conceptions opposées du rôle d’ organizer .
L’ open data dans les recherches participatives : partager les connaissances tout en stimulant les échanges
Authors: Peres Juliette 
Published: August 2023

Comment une association souhaitant mettre à disposition les connaissances produites dans ses recherches participatives peut-elle concevoir un projet d’ open data au service de la communauté ? En réponse à cette question qui occupe de plus en plus d’associations, Juliette Peres invite dans cet article à reconsidérer les pratiques, étape après étape, à partir du projet d’ open data sur les céréales locales de l’association FAB’LIM. Dans un contexte pouvant être perçu comme concurrentiel, c’est tout à la fois le mode de production, d’archivage, de gestion et de partage des données, mais aussi la place de la communauté dans la création et la modération des contenus ainsi que la pérennisation de ces actions qui doivent être repensés.