bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a diet‐induced Macaca fascicularis model of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis with dietary and pioglitazone interventions
Authors: Camacho Raul C. , Polidori David , Chen Tao , Chen Bin , Hsu Helen Han , Gao Bin , Marella Mathieu , Lubomirski Mariusz , Beavers Traymon , Cabrera Javier , Wong Peggy , Nawrocki Andrea R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo develop an obese, insulin‐resistant cynomolgus monkey model of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with fibrosis with a high fat/high cholesterol (HFHC) diet (with or without high fructose) and test its responsiveness to caloric restriction or pioglitazone.MethodsFirst, two groups of monkeys (n = 24/group) with histologically proven NASH and fibrosis were fed the HFHC diet for 17 weeks. The treatment group was subjected to a 40% caloric restriction (CR) and had their diet switched from the HFHC diet to a chow diet (DSCR). Paired liver biopsies were taken before and 17 weeks after DSCR. Subsets of monkeys (nine/group) had whole liver fat content assessed by MRI. Next, two groups of monkeys with histologically proven NASH and fibrosis were treated with vehicle (n = 9) or pioglitazone (n = 20) over 24 weeks.ResultsThe HFHC and DSCR groups lost 0.9% and 11.4% of body weight, respectively. After 17 weeks, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS) improvement was observed in 66.7% of the DSCR group versus 12.5% of the HFHC group (P < .001). Hepatic fat was reduced to 5.2% in the DSCR group versus 23.0% in the HFHC group (P = .0001). After 24 weeks, NAS improvement was seen in 30% of the pioglitazone group versus 0% of the vehicle group (P = .08).ConclusionsBoth weight loss induced by DSCR and treatment with pioglitazone improve the histological features of NASH in a diet‐induced cynomolgus monkey model. This model provides a translational preclinical model for testing novel NASH therapies.
Called to repair injustice: Connecting everyday practices to societal phenomena, creating momentum for solidarity and change
Authors: Weingarten Kaethe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractI have been working with a model of witnessing for more than 30 years (Weingarten, 2000a). In this article, I add layers to its conceptualization by discussing several related concepts: the implicated subject (Rothberg, 2019) and ethical loneliness (Stauffer, 2015) among them. What distinguishes the Witnessing Model positions from the implicated subject is that the implicated subject is always aligned with power and/or domination, whereas a witness may not be. Certain responsibilities accrue if we take our implication seriously. Just as I have suggested there are steps one can take from positions two, three and four of the Witnessing Model to enter, return or remain in the aware and empowered position, a position from within which accountability is more likely, I offer ideas about how one can respond accountably when one acknowledges one's implication. Throughout this article, I raise questions, some of which I cannot answer. For instance, can empathic repair be undertaken by one party to a ruptured relationship, one segment of a society, without an unfolding process of mutual recognition and compassion? The contemporary moment in which we are living presents us with dire outcomes if the answer is “no.” The entire article is an extended meditation on the following central question: How can we, implicated subjects, practice solidarity to diminish ethical loneliness and create movement toward the personal, interpersonal and structural changes necessary to address the truths that our implication entails?
Are riparian vegetation flow response guilds transferable between rivers?
Authors: Cubley Erin S. , Cooper David J. , Merritt David M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Understanding the current distribution of riparian plant species is essential for predicting their expansions or contractions in response to flow alterations due to climate changes or direct human actions. Riparian vegetation flow response guilds are assemblages of species that have common functional traits and are hypothesised to respond similarly to fluvial disturbance and water availability along rivers. Species distribution models using guilds may be useful within and across catchments, regions, and continents where floristic composition differs.

We examined the distribution of riparian vegetation guilds along gradients of depth to groundwater and inundation exceedance probability (EP) on three rivers in the Colorado River basin and modelled the response of each guild to simulated changes in river flows and alluvial groundwater depth.

Groundwater guild distribution models were transferable for the tall tree and flood‐tolerant shrub guilds, but groundwater depth and EP thresholds differed between reaches. Optimal groundwater levels for tall trees and flood‐tolerant shrubs were shallower in Colorado due to higher floodplain groundwater levels and more gentle sub‐surface groundwater gradients. Riparian vegetation guilds were better predicted by groundwater depth than EP while generalist upland guilds were excluded from areas frequently inundated.

Presence of the tall tree guild (e.g., Populus fremontii) was predicted by depth to groundwater at all free‐flowing reaches but was not predicted at the one reach where flows are regulated by an upstream dam. In higher elevation reaches, models predicted riparian vegetation guild occurrences with less accuracy, suggesting the influence of other factors such as competition or water contributions from surrounding hillslopes. Scenarios that imposed a groundwater decline indicated that extinctions of both tall trees and flood‐tolerant shrubs (e.g., Salix exigua) could occur in some reaches, depending on future groundwater contributions from hillslopes and the river.

Our study demonstrates that river reaches with different plant species composition can have similar guild compositions and the occurrences of these guilds are predicted by hydrologic conditions. Depth to groundwater had a stronger magnitude effect on guild occurrence, highlighting the importance of this less frequently quantified variable in river studies.

Our results suggest that the relationship between riparian flow response guild occurrence and hydrologic conditions are transferable between river reaches with differing flow regime, elevation, and climate for some, but not all guilds. Although guilds may respond in similar ways to groundwater depth and flooding, they are not all well predicted by hydrologic condition alone. Guild distributions may be transferable between river systems, but prediction accuracy increases when models are grouped based on reach‐scale hillslope groundwater contributions, elevation, and valley setting.
Separate but equal in the protection against climate change? The legal framework of climate justice for the Caribbean part of the Kingdom of The Netherlands
Authors: Misiedjan Daphina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe experiences of overseas territories and how their varying degrees of self‐governance influence climate (in)action are overlooked topics, even though these places are often highly impacted by climate change. Analysing the situation of the Dutch Kingdom demonstrates some of these challenges. The Kingdom consists of the European Netherlands and the Caribbean islands of Aruba, Curacao, St Maarten, Bonaire, St Eustatius and Saba. Out of these, the Caribbean islands are the most vulnerable to climate change, while the European Netherlands has contributed the most to it. This can be seen as climate injustice. Access to mitigation and adaptation mechanisms mentioned in international agreements could be beneficial to these Caribbean islands. However, the international climate change agreements have only entered into force for the European part of the Kingdom and not the Caribbean part due to a territorial limitation. This has several consequences, and this paper highlights two. First, the requirement that greenhouse gas emissions should be reduced does not apply to the islands, which leaves room for unsustainable activities but also overlooks their need for adaptation and compensation for loss and damage. Second, access to climate finance instruments is limited as the Dutch Caribbean islands are seen as part of the Kingdom and therefore do not qualify for international assistance. Within the European Union, funds are available but access to these is not guaranteed, as the experience with recovery after Hurricane Irma demonstrates. These examples show that the issues around climate justice have been insufficiently resolved. There is a need for a long‐term climate strategy within the Kingdom along with complementary funding. Until then, climate litigation could assist in enforcing a duty of care by local governments and the Kingdom to protect inhabitants by using the human rights framework. This would also create a roadmap for other territories in similar circumstances.
Difference of the association between low muscle mass and physical inactivity by sex resulting from the choice of the diagnostic criterion for low muscle mass in elderly Koreans
Authors: Huh Youn , Lee Seo Hyeon , Son Ki Young 
Published: December 2022

AimWe investigated the difference in the relationship between physical activity and low muscle mass resulting from the choice of diagnostic criterion for low muscle mass.MethodsOur study was cross‐sectional, using data from the 2008–2011 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Muscle mass was measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Low muscle mass was defined as height‐adjusted and weight‐adjusted low muscle mass. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of low muscle mass in relation to physical inactivity were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsOur study included 3977 older people (1698 men and 2279 women). The prevalence of height‐adjusted and weight‐adjusted low muscle mass was 4.1% and 11.8%, respectively, in the physically inactive group, and 3.9% and 7.9%, respectively, in the physically active group. The prevalence of weight‐adjusted low muscle mass increased by 48% in the physically inactive group in the fully adjusted model (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.13–1.95) and increased by 61% in men and 50% in women (men: OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.12–2.31 and women: OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.20–2.20) compared with the physically active group. The risk of height‐adjusted low muscle mass in men tended to be higher in the physically inactive group than in the physically active group. However, this trend was not observed among women.ConclusionsPhysical inactivity was associated with an increased prevalence of low muscle mass in weight‐adjusted measures among elderly adults in Korea. Height‐adjusted low muscle mass in women is less useful as an indicator of the relationship between low muscle mass and physical inactivity. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 71–77.
Association between child's behaviour during first dental appointment and effectiveness of dental plaque removal by caregivers
Authors: Mourão Priscila Seixas , Coelho Valéria Silveira , Souto‐Souza Débora , Machado Gabrielly Fernandes , Moreira Luana Viviam , Duarte‐Rodrigues Lucas , Ramos‐Jorge Joana , Ramos‐Jorge Maria Letícia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association between the behaviour of children aged 1 to 4 years during their dental appointment and the effectiveness of dental plaque removal by caregivers.MethodsThis longitudinal study with intervention had the participation of 146 children (mean age = 34.89 months), 75 of whom (51.4%) showed positive behaviour (+ and ++) and 71 (48.6%), negative behaviour (− and – –). The children were evaluated at the first dental appointment, according to the Frankl scale. They were subjected to an assessment of oral conditions, and their plaque level was recorded (Quigley–Hein Index modified by Turesky) using the Evince® device. Caregivers received oral hygiene guidance. The dental plaque assessment was performed before giving the oral hygiene guidance and 14 days later. The statistical analysis included a descriptive assessment and the Wilcoxon test (p < 0.05).ResultsMean dental plaque levels dropped significantly from the first to the second assessment (p < 0.001). The sample was divided according to the child's behaviour, observing that only the group of children with positive behaviour showed significantly less dental plaque in the second assessment (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe positive behaviour of children aged 1 to 4 years during the first dental appointments is associated with more effective dental plaque removal by caregivers.
The emergence of custodial health nursing as a specialty whose time has come: An Australian experience
Authors: Burton Josephine 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundNurses provide healthcare in prisons worldwide. Working within security restraints, in environments not designed for nursing care, custodial health nurses (CHNs) use specialist nursing skills and knowledge to do essential work. Rapid increases in prisoner age, infirmity and ill‐health of prisoners mandate their access to these nurses.AimTo raise awareness of the CHNs struggle for specialty status within the nursing profession, public health frameworks and prisons.Sources of evidencePublicly available information is organised and analysed through the author's lens of 20 years working in the Australian prison system as a general nurse and nurse practitioner.DiscussionCHNs efforts towards becoming a specialty within nursing, public health and prisons are ongoing. Overcoming barriers and maximising facilitators to effective CHN practice would be indicators of successful incorporation of nursing models that assist prisoner patients.Prison healthcare contexts are unique regarding prisoner health and funding that impacts the CHNs resourcing, their scope of practice and acceptance of nursing in prison systems and the broader healthcare sectors.ConclusionGreater visibility of the CHNs will help promote policy reforms regarding nursing services within a changing prisoner demographic. Changes to educational and professional support for CHNs are needed. Policy restrictions on funding for CHN models in Australia fall short of international standards for prison healthcare; however, political and organisational commitment in this area will be necessary to attain community‐equivalent healthcare standards across the custodial setting.Implications for nursing and other policiesProfessional structures, competencies and specialty policy frameworks are required to promote CHNs as advocates for prisoners needing care and their professional development. CHNs at the forefront of policy development and review will benefit all stakeholders in custodial health.
Comparative effectiveness analysis of deep low heat burns in the shin surgical approaches: Outcomes and cost for wound rehabilitation
Authors: Zhou Zengding , Sun Xu , Yin Zongqi , Zheng Jiexin , Zhang Qin , Zhang Zhiwen , Dou Yi , Yi Lei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA variety of surgical techniques exist for deep burn wounds in the shin at low temperature reconstruction after appropriate debridement, but limited high‐quality data exist to inform treatment strategies. Using multi‐institutional data, the authors evaluated the length of healing time, cost, and outcomes of three common surgical reconstructive modalities. All subjects with deep burn wounds in the shin caused by low temperature who received direct suture repair, skin grafting, or local flap reconstruction were retrospectively reviewed (from 2015.01 to 2021.03). Mean operation time, mean blood loss in operation, postoperative healing time, whether there is scar depression after operation were the primary outcomes; patient satisfaction score, Vancouver scar scale (VSS) score and average costs were secondary outcomes. Two hundred subjects (68 suture, 87 skin‐grafting, and 45 local flap coverage patients) were evaluated. Matched patients (n = 200; 3/groups) were analysed. The average operation time, average operation blood loss, and postoperative healing time were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Readmissions and reoperations were greater for direct suture and local flaps, if achievable, direct suture provided success at low cost. Skin grafting was effective with large burn wounds but at higher costs and longer length of stay. Local flaps successfully treated smaller burn wounds unable to suture directly, with less pigmentation and scars, even suitable for older patients. Deep low heat burn wounds in the shin healing can be performed effectively using multiple modalities with varying degrees of success and costs. Direct suture or local skin flap reconstruction, if achievable, provides successful coverage at minimal costs, no skin contractures, and reducing length of hospital stay.
Engaging psoriasis patients in adherence and outcomes to topical treatments: A summary from the Symposium ‘Tailoring topical psoriasis treatments to patients' needs and expectations’ of the 30thEADV Congress 2021
Authors: Bewley Anthony , van de Kerkhof Peter 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article is based on a presentation given by authors at the Satellite Symposium titled ‘Tailoring topical psoriasis treatments to patients' needs and expectations’ held during the 30th European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Congress. During this session, the factors affecting adherence and outcomes to topical treatments were presented, with a particular focus on the patients' point of view. Psoriasis is not just a skin condition. Psoriasis can cause negative psychosocial effects, such as depression and anxiety. The risk of suicidality in patients with psoriasis is higher than in the background population. Psychosocial comorbidities can be prevented by patient involvement in psoriasis management and need to be treated in a multidisciplinary manner. Adherence may be the largest barrier to treatment success with topical therapies. Improvement in several areas of disease management may lead to benefits in treatment adherence and hence clinical benefit. There are several treatment‐related factors for non‐adherence, such as patient dissatisfaction, side effects, treatment regimen or the drug vehicle. Delivering comprehensive treatment information to the patient will help develop realistic objectives and expectations. Patients need to be involved in the selection of treatment strategies, as psoriasis patients have various preferences for their use of topical treatments. A shared decision‐making with the patient has been shown to improve medication adherence and treatment success. Prescribing therapy in line with a patient preference for treatment vehicle and improving the communication between healthcare professionals and patients may be key factors to maximize adherence. The calcipotriol (CAL) and betamethasone dipropionate (BDP) cream, a novel formulation of the CAL/BDP fixed‐dose combination based on Poly‐Aphron Dispersion (PAD) Technology, is a topical treatment of mild‐to‐moderate plaque psoriasis, including scalp psoriasis, that has high cosmetic acceptance and overall treatment satisfaction.
Influence of ultrasound and ethanol as a pretreatment on papaya infrared and convective drying characteristics and quality parameters
Authors: de Arruda Guilherme Matheus Pessoa , Rupert Brandão Shirley Clyde , da Silva Júnior Edvaldo Vieira , da Silva Elaine Maria , Barros Zilmar Meireles Pimenta , da Silva Edilene Souza , Shinohara Neide Kazue Sakugawa , Azoubel Patricia Moreira 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pretreatments on papaya drying behavior and quality parameters. The pretreatment consisted of submerging the samples in ethanol or distilled water for 20 min. The ultrasonic step was conducted in an ultrasonic bath (25 kHz). Samples were dried in an infrared dryer and a convective oven at 60°C. The material pretreated with ultrasound and ethanol and submitted to infrared drying presented the shortest drying time (84 min). The two‐term exponential model was the most predictive for the drying data fitting. All dried samples showed water activity values below 0.60. Among the pretreatments performed, the use of ultrasound associated with ethanol was more effective in reducing losses of total phenolics, ascorbic acid, and antioxidant activity of dried papaya when compared to the use of water. Infrared drying of the fruit pretreated with the combination of ultrasound and ethanol resulted in no significant difference from the untreated papaya concerning the evaluated quality parameters.Practical applicationsThe consumption of tropical fruits and their derived products has increased in national and international markets, due to the growing recognition of their nutritional properties and subsequent use in the food industry. The presence of nutrients such as bioactive compounds, demonstrates their potential for use in different sectors, increasing the added value of the cultivar. Thus, this study represents a contribution to society, recognizing and valuing the consumption of fruit, contributing to the nutritional conditions of the population, favoring food and nutritional security, and conservation of the species. It also allows, with the use of pretreatments and different types of drying, advances, and information about food preservation methods that have a low environmental impact and the exploration of new forms of fruit consumption, increasing its shelf life and facilitating their transport and marketing.
Metamorphic and chronological constraints on the early Paleozoic tectono‐thermal evolution of the Olkhon Terrane, southern Siberia
Authors: Li Zhiyong , Jiang Yingde , Collett Stephen , Štípská Pavla , Schulmann Karel , Wang Sheng , Sukhorukov Vasiliy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTerranes accreted to the southeastern margin of the Siberian Craton record an important early Paleozoic tectono‐thermal event (known as the Baikal orogenic cycle) in the evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). However, the precise metamorphic conditions and relative timing of this event and its linkage to the wider CAOB remain far poorly constrained. The best exposed of these terranes is the Olkhon Terrane on the western bank of Lake Baikal. Here, late Neoproterozoic through early Paleozoic island arc and back‐arc assemblages were metamorphosed to form a thin granulite facies belt cropping out adjacent to the Siberian Craton and lower temperature/pressure paragneiss and migmatite towards the southeast. Phase equilibria modelling suggests that the granulite facies belt preserved moderate pressure (c. 0.80 GPa) and high temperature (up to 900°C) conditions while the paragneiss and migmatites in the southeast have peak metamorphic conditions around 700–770°C at 0.60–0.80 GPa. New geochronological data (zircon U–Pb in granulite and monazite U–Pb in paragneiss/migmatite) in combination with phase equilibria modelling and petro‐structural analysis suggest that the tectono‐metamorphic evolution of the Olkhon Terrane was controlled by a long‐lasting (535–450 Ma) and pervasive thermal anomaly. Discrete maxima in the zircon and monazite U–Pb ages at c. 535, 500, and 450 Ma are linked to different stages of a semi‐continuous high‐temperature metamorphic evolution. Based on existing geological data of the region, a generalized geodynamic model for the Baikal orogenic cycle involving switching between compressional and extensional regimes during the early Paleozoic accretion of ‘exotic’ CAOB‐derived material to the southern margin of Siberia is proposed. The tectono‐metamorphic evolution of the Olkhon Terrane may represent a world‐class example of polyphase shortening of a long‐lived hot intra‐continental arc–back‐arc system during its collision with cratonic blocks.