bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graph Neural Networks and 3-dimensional topology
Authors: Jin Ri Song , Putrov Pavel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We test the efficiency of applying geometric deep learning to the problems in low-dimensional topology in a certain simple setting. Specifically, we consider the class of 3-manifolds described by plumbing graphs and use graph neural networks (GNN) for the problem of deciding whether a pair of graphs give homeomorphic 3-manifolds. We use supervised learning to train a GNN that provides the answer to such a question with high accuracy. Moreover, we consider reinforcement learning by a GNN to find a sequence of Neumann moves that relates the pair of graphs if the answer is positive. The setting can be understood as a toy model of the problem of deciding whether a pair of Kirby diagrams give diffeomorphic 3- or 4-manifolds.
Media and their Emergence: The Ontology
Authors: Simons Peter 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In any field of research, philosophical groundedness requires an ontology, a structured inventory of the objects of the field and an account of their principal interrelations and modes of operation. The concept of emergence was developed in the nineteenth century in connection with debates about the status of life and mind. Although there are several varieties of emergence, it is philosophically fairly well understood. By contrast, the more specific notion of a medium and the taxonomy of the various media is less well defined and, correspondingly, its ontology is in need of more work. This contribution uses modern taxonomic methods to provide a rational ontology and taxonomy of media, making room for new and unexpected media, and inquiring whether such novelty counts as emergence in any philosophically interesting sense.
New Realism and New Media: from Documentality to Normativity
Authors: Ferraris Maurizio 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to redefine the role of media in contemporary society, in the light of the theories of new realism and documentality. The chapter starts by refuting the view that everything is socially constructed and that the media actually produce reality (postmodernism). It argues that, instead, both media and social reality emerge from a solid ground of reality that is independent of thought (new realism). The chapter also claims that (contrary to Searle’s view) the fundamental rule of social reality is that of documentality: that is to say, documents produce social reality as a whole, including media. Finally, it posits that human thought (and, therefore, social reality, which is one of its sophisticated products) ultimately does not only depend on being, but also emerges out of it.
The Pygmalionic Impulse: A Neoromanticism for Emerging Media
Authors: Krebs Victor J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
McLuhan’s The Medium Is the Message announced a new task for philosophers: gauging the manner and extent to which technological changes transform our basic faculties of (collective) experience (rational thinking, feeling, intuiting, empathizing, imagining). The more traditionally repressed of these basic capacities in philosophical discourse are nevertheless the ones most directly affected by newly emerging media. After 2500 years of exploring reason in the West, it may be time for a deeper exploration into the spontaneous vitality,“the submerged iceberg beyond the mere tip that is reason,” as Ortega y Gasset argues. Ethical questions are not anymore about what is right or good but about the need to transform and overcome our resistance to finitude and mortality by learning to see the concrete circumstances of our words, actions, and feelings as conditions for things’ standing in the world.
From Traditional Documentation to Network Media
Authors: Thomas Neal 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter gives an account of how documentary theory fits together with the network information environment. From the eighteenth century onward, modern documentation techniques have been used to name and organize natural entities, books and documents of all sorts. In this context, the reference of an entity, and to a more limited degree its sense, are determined by a controlled vocabulary, precoordinate indexes, and classification schemes. Such taxonomies, ontologies, and classification schemes all play essentially the same role: imposing control on natural language ambiguity, in order to precisely name an entity in relationship to other entities. They are structural, transcendentally imposed languages that users appropriate. Acknowledging this line of thinking, the chapter gives way to a discussion of more contemporary, emergent forms of naming and classification, which involve the use of social feedback to produce semantic structures that persist in a more topological form.
Association of the fibronectin type III domain–containing protein 5 rs1746661 single nucleotide polymorphism with reduced brain glucose metabolism in elderly humans
Authors: Lima-Filho Ricardo A S , Benedet Andréa L , De Bastiani Marco Antônio , Povala Guilherme , Cozachenco Danielle , Ferreira Sergio T , De Felice Fernanda G , Rosa-Neto Pedro , Zimmer Eduardo R , Lourenco Mychael V ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2023

AbstractFibronectin type III domain–containing protein 5 (FNDC5) and its derived hormone, irisin, have been associated with metabolic control in humans, with described FNDC5 single nucleotide polymorphisms being linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Decreased brain FNDC5/irisin has been reported in subjects with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease. Since impaired brain glucose metabolism develops in ageing and is prominent in Alzheimer’s disease, here, we examined associations of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the FNDC5 gene (rs1746661) with brain glucose metabolism and amyloid-β deposition in a cohort of 240 cognitively unimpaired and 485 cognitively impaired elderly individuals from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. In cognitively unimpaired elderly individuals harbouring the FNDC5 rs1746661(T) allele, we observed a regional reduction in low glucose metabolism in memory-linked brain regions and increased brain amyloid-β PET load. No differences in cognition or levels of cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β42, phosphorylated tau and total tau were observed between FNDC5 rs1746661(T) allele carriers and non-carriers. Our results indicate that a genetic variant of FNDC5 is associated with low brain glucose metabolism in elderly individuals and suggest that FNDC5 may participate in the regulation of brain metabolism in brain regions vulnerable to Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology. Understanding the associations between genetic variants in metabolism-linked genes and metabolic brain signatures may contribute to elucidating genetic modulators of brain metabolism in humans.
Reinforcing path marginalization: revealing the unaccounted labour organization at a mining frontier in Indonesia
Authors: Vela-Almeida Diana , Karlsen Asbjørn 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
How could we conceptualize path development taking place in regions dominated by extracting industries and subsistence economies? The article expands existing Evolutionary Economic Geography theory by focussing on extractive economies in a peripheral region that has, thus far, barely been covered. It challenges existing conceptualizations by highlighting a tin producing island in Indonesia. The article introduces the concept of path marginalization and its reinforcing mechanisms that explain the dynamics between large and artisanal mining activities. It examines how the mining path is reproduced by the interaction between multiple forms of labour organization that are normally unaccounted for.
Worldwide impact of COVID-19 on hospital admissions for non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTACS): a systematic review with meta-analysis of 553 038 cases
Authors: Sofi Francesco , Dinu Monica , Reboldi GianPaolo , Lotti Sofia , Genovese Luca , Tritto Isabella , Gensini GianFranco , Gibson Charles Michael , Ambrosio Giuseppe 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
How coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) impacted non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTACS) is an object of controversial reports.

Aim
To systematically review studies reporting NSTACS hospitalizations during the COVID-19 pandemic, and analyse whether differences in COVID-19 epidemiology, methodology of report, or public health-related factors could contribute to discrepant findings.

Methods
Comprehensive search (Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Register), of studies reporting NSTACS hospitalizations during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with a reference period, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines. Data were independently extracted by multiple investigators and pooled using a random-effects model. Health-related metrics were from publicly available sources, and analysed through multiple meta-regression modelling.

Results
We retrieved 102 articles (553 038 NSTACS cases, 40 countries). During peak COVID-19 pandemic, overall incidence rate ratio (IRR) of NSTACS hospitalizations over reference period decreased (0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66–0.75; P &lt; 0.00001). Significant heterogeneity was detected among studies (I2 = 98%; P &lt; 0.00001). Importantly, wide variations were observed among, and within, countries. No significant differences were observed by study quality, whereas comparing different periods within 2020 resulted in greater decrease (IRR: 0.61; CI: 0.53–0.71) than comparing 2020 vs. previous years (IRR: 0.74; CI 0.69–0.79). Among many variables, major predictors of heterogeneity were severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reproduction rate/country, number of hospitals queried, and reference period length; country stringency index and socio-economical indicators did not contribute significantly.

Conclusions
During the COVID-19 pandemic, NSTACS hospitalizations decreased significantly worldwide. However, substantial heterogeneity emerged among countries, and within the same country. Factors linked to public health management, but also to methodologies to collect results may have contributed to this heterogeneity.

Trial registration
The protocol was registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (ID: CRD42022308159).
Winter is Coming: Early-life Experiences and Politicians’ Decisions
Authors: Guo Shiqi , Gao Nan , Liang Pinghan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper traces the formation of politicians’ policy preferences to their early-life experiences. Based on biographical information on 2,806 county party secretaries in China and fiscal data from the 1,713 counties they governed during the 1998–2007 period, we find that a one-percentage-point increase in the early-life famine severity experienced by a county party secretary increases fiscal expenditures on agriculture by 0.8% and on social security subsidies by 1.1%. Agricultural taxes are reduced significantly, boosting grain production in the county party secretaries’ work counties. Our findings suggest that county party secretaries who experience early-life famine may develop preferences for food sufficiency and care for people suffering hardships.
Persuadable or Dissuadable Altruists? The Impact of Information of Recipient Characteristics on Giving
Authors: Gangadharan Lata , Grossman Philip J , Huang Lingbo , Leister C Matthew , Xiao Erte 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We investigate how information about recipients’ characteristics affects donors’ giving as opposed to when no information is available. In a rational model in which information causes a donor to update their assessment of the recipient's deservingness, we introduce the idea that altruism can be ‘persuadable’ (‘dissuadable’) by information about positive (negative) characteristics. We report data from three experiments in which donors are provided information regarding three recipient characteristics: alcoholism, attending courses, and disability. Across different characteristics, our results are broadly consistent with the predictions of persuadable altruism. Overall, we find a positive net impact of providing information on aggregate giving.
Patterns of cigarette and e-cigarette use among UK adolescents: a latent class analysis of the Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Vrinten Charlotte , Parnham Jennie C , Radó Márta K , Filippidis Filippos T , Creese Hanna , Hopkinson Nicholas S , Laverty Anthony A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Patterning of cigarette and e-cigarette use among young people remains poorly characterized. We aimed to describe these patterns in the UK Millennium Cohort Study at age 14 and 17 years.

Methods
Data on cigarette and e-cigarette use come from 9731 adolescents. Latent class analysis assigned participants to membership of classes of product use and multinomial logistic regression analyses assessed differences in the likelihood of belonging to classes by sociodemographic (age, gender, ethnicity, household income, maternal education and country of residence) and smoking-related social factors (caregiver tobacco use, caregiver e-cigarette use and peer smoking).

Results
We identified four classes of use: 45.8% of adolescents ‘continued to abstain’ from cigarettes or e-cigarettes; 21.3% ‘experimented’ (used once or in the past but not currently) with cigarettes and/or e-cigarettes by age 17 but were not current users; 19.0% were ‘late adopters’, characterized by low levels of use at age 14 but high levels of experimentation and current use at age 17; and 13.9% were ‘early adopters’, characterized by high levels of experimentation and current use at ages 14 and 17. At age 17, 70.4% of ‘early adopters’ smoked cigarettes regularly plus an additional 27.3% experimented with cigarettes. Corresponding percentages for e-cigarettes were 37.9% and 58.9%. Tobacco and e-cigarette use by caregivers, and cigarette use by peers, were associated with being both ‘late adopters’ and ‘early adopters’.

Conclusions
Approximately one in seven adolescents in the UK are ‘early adopters’ of nicotine products. This highlights the need to develop and implement effective policies to prevent nicotine use uptake.
Countering vaccine hesitancy: a systematic review of interventions to strengthen healthcare professionals’ action
Authors: Lo Moro Giuseppina , Ferrara Maria , Langiano Elisa , Accortanzo Davide , Cappelletti Toni , De Angelis Aldo , Esposito Maurizio , Prinzivalli Alessandro , Sannella Alessandra , Sbaragli Sara , Vuolanto Pia , Siliquini Roberta , De Vito Elisabetta 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Vaccine hesitancy is relevant for healthcare professionals (HCPs) who face challenges in building trusting relationships with patients. Accordingly, the VAX-TRUST project has been developed to improve experiences of HCPs and patients dealing with vaccinations. To support VAX-TRUST, this work aimed to identify latest interventions targeted at HCPs to address hesitancy and increase vaccine uptake.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA by searching PubMed, Scopus and Embase. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO. Articles were eligible if evaluated interventions directly targeted at HCPs/healthcare students. The search was run on 26 January 2022. Articles published in 2016 or after were included.

Results
A total of 17 492 records were identified; 139 articles were selected. Most articles were set in USA (n = 110). Over half had a pre–post design without a control group (n = 78). A total of 41 articles focused on single-component interventions, 60 on multi-component interventions involving only HCPs and/or students and 38 on multi-component interventions involving also other professionals. Main components were in-person education (n = 76), synchronous (n = 10) and asynchronous (n = 23) online learning, educational materials (n = 26), performance assessment and feedback (n = 33), electronic record changes (n = 30), role play/simulation (n = 21) and online games/apps (n = 5). Educational sessions were mainly about scientific update or communication. Outcomes of interventions were grouped in: vaccination rates (n = 69), knowledge (n = 32), attitudes (n = 26), confidence in counselling (n = 30) and acceptability (n = 16).

Conclusions
Apps, gaming, role play/simulations could represent innovative interventions. This review highlighted the need of delving into communication strategies and using more robust evaluations, longer follow-up and standardized measurements.
Nonpharmacological home remedies for upper respiratory tract infections: a cross-sectional study of primary care patients in Switzerland and France
Authors: Sebo Paul , Winkler Neria E , Moussa Mohamed Amir , Haller Dagmar M , Maisonneuve Hubert 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Many patients might be tempted to use nonpharmacological home remedies (NPHRs) to relieve upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) symptoms. However, primary care physicians (PCPs) rarely recommend NPHRs due to a lack of knowledge in this field. We conducted a questionnaire-based survey among primary care patients in Switzerland and France to explore which NPHRs they use and consider effective for 3 common URTI symptoms: sore throat/cough/common cold.

Methods
Using official physician registries, we randomly selected 50 PCPs in Geneva (Switzerland) and Lyon/Grenoble (France). Seven research assistants were involved in the recruitment of consecutive patients from the waiting rooms of these PCPs (20–25 patients per practice). Patients were asked to complete a paper-based questionnaire to assess the use and perceived effectiveness of 72 NPHRs for URTI symptoms. The list of NPHRs was developed by our research team with the help of 97 patients. Remedies were considered effective if patients reported that they were effective/very effective. Data were analysed descriptively.

Results
Of the 1,198 eligible patients, 1,012 agreed to participate (84.5%). The 4 most frequently used NPHRs were honey/lemon/thyme/herbal teas. Most patients using these NPHRs considered them as effective (between 77% of patients for onion syrup for cough and 94% of patients for thyme inhalations for common colds).

Conclusions
Many patients reported using honey/lemon/thyme/herbal teas for URTI symptoms, and generally considered these treatments to be effective. Future research should explore the extent to which these remedies can be safely proposed as alternatives for the symptomatic treatment of ear/nose/throat complaints in primary care.
The copper-responsive regulator CsoR is indirectly involved in Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens denitrification
Authors: Pacheco Pedro J , Cabrera Juan J , Jiménez-Leiva Andrea , Torres María J , Gates Andrew J , Bedmar Eulogio J , Richardson David J , Mesa Socorro , Tortosa Germán , Delgado María J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The soybean endosymbiont Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens harbours the complete denitrification pathway that is catalysed by a periplasmic nitrate reductase (Nap), a copper (Cu)-containing nitrite reductase (NirK), a c-type nitric oxide reductase (cNor), and a nitrous oxide reductase (Nos), encoded by the napEDABC, nirK, norCBQD, and nosRZDFYLX genes, respectively. Induction of denitrification genes requires low oxygen and nitric oxide, both signals integrated into a complex regulatory network comprised by two interconnected cascades, FixLJ–FixK2–NnrR and RegSR–NifA. Copper is a cofactor of NirK and Nos, but it has also a role in denitrification gene expression and protein synthesis. In fact, Cu limitation triggers a substantial down-regulation of nirK, norCBQD, and nosRZDFYLX gene expression under denitrifying conditions. Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens genome possesses a gene predicted to encode a Cu-responsive repressor of the CsoR family, which is located adjacent to copA, a gene encoding a putative Cu+-ATPase transporter. To investigate the role of CsoR in the control of denitrification gene expression in response to Cu, a csoR deletion mutant was constructed in this work. Mutation of csoR did not affect the capacity of B. diazoefficiens to grow under denitrifying conditions. However, by using qRT-PCR analyses, we showed that nirK and norCBQD expression was much lower in the csoR mutant compared to wild-type levels under Cu-limiting denitrifying conditions. On the contrary, copA expression was significantly increased in the csoR mutant. The results obtained suggest that CsoR acts as a repressor of copA. Under Cu limitation, CsoR has also an indirect role in the expression of nirK and norCBQD genes.
A Chromosome-Level Reference Genome for the Black-Legged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), a Declining Circumpolar Seabird
Authors: Sozzoni Marcella , Ferrer Obiol Joan , Formenti Giulio , Tigano Anna , Paris Josephine R , Balacco Jennifer R , Jain Nivesh , Tilley Tatiana , Collins Joanna , Sims Ying , Wood Jonathan , Benowitz-Fredericks Z Morgan , Field Kenneth A , Seyoum Eyuel , Gatt Marie Claire , Léandri-Breton Don-Jean , Nakajima Chinatsu , Whelan Shannon , Gianfranceschi Luca , Hatch Scott A , Elliott Kyle H , Shoji Akiko , Cecere Jacopo G , Jarvis Erich D , Pilastro Andrea , Rubolini Diego 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Amidst the current biodiversity crisis, the availability of genomic resources for declining species can provide important insights into the factors driving population decline. In the early 1990s, the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), a pelagic gull widely distributed across the arctic, subarctic, and temperate zones, suffered a steep population decline following an abrupt warming of sea surface temperature across its distribution range and is currently listed as Vulnerable by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. Kittiwakes have long been the focus for field studies of physiology, ecology, and ecotoxicology and are primary indicators of fluctuating ecological conditions in arctic and subarctic marine ecosystems. We present a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome and annotation for the black-legged kittiwake using a combination of Pacific Biosciences HiFi sequencing, Bionano optical maps, Hi-C reads, and RNA-Seq data. The final assembly spans 1.35 Gb across 32 chromosomes, with a scaffold N50 of 88.21 Mb and a BUSCO completeness of 97.4%. This genome assembly substantially improves the quality of a previous draft genome, showing an approximately 5× increase in contiguity and a more complete annotation. Using this new chromosome-level reference genome and three more chromosome-level assemblies of Charadriiformes, we uncover several lineage-specific chromosome fusions and fissions, but find no shared rearrangements, suggesting that interchromosomal rearrangements have been commonplace throughout the diversification of Charadriiformes. This new high-quality genome assembly will enable population genomic, transcriptomic, and phenotype–genotype association studies in a widely studied sentinel species, which may provide important insights into the impacts of global change on marine systems.