bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smartphone Thermal Imaging as an Adjunct to Identify Free Flap Perforators and Assisting Flap Design: A Pilot Study
Authors: Saleem Ahmed , Philteos Jonas , Lajud Shayanne , Jethwa Ashok , Thomas Carissa , Yao Christopher M. L. K. , Goldstein David P. , Higgins Kevin P. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe main technique for identification of free flap perforator vessels is Doppler sonography, which is not always accurate, user dependent and affected by the patient's body habitus.MethodsAdult patients undergoing head and neck resection and free flap reconstruction at two academic institutions were enrolled. Doppler sonography was used to identify perforators, and were marked using a skin marker. The donor site was cooled down for 3 min using a sterile iced saline bag. FLIR‐ONE (FLIR Systems Inc., Wilsonville, OR) camera was used to assess for “hot spots” during a 3–5 min period of re‐warming as a surrogate for cutaneous blood flow. The distance between the Doppler signal location, and the “hot spot” was recorded. The position of the perforator was then identified intraoperatively and the distances between the surgical position, the Doppler and “hot spot” were recorded.ResultsA total of 28 patients were included. For all flap types, FLIR thermal imaging measurements consistently tended to be closer to the surgical site compared to Doppler ultrasound. In anterolateral thigh flaps (n = 20), thoracodorsal artery perforator flaps (n = 5), and fibula osteocutaneous flaps (n = 3), absolute mean differences ranged from 0.62 to 1.33 cm, with trends favoring FLIR. While paired t‐tests did not reach statistical significance, both methods correlated with intraoperatively identified skin perforators, and distances generally ranged between 0 and 2 cm.ConclusionWe demonstrate that a smartphone‐based thermal imaging system has the potential to serve as an adjunct for identifying flap perforators, with the possibility of reducing operative times and minimizing patient morbidity.Level of EvidenceLevel 3.
Constructing an Injectable Multifunctional Antibacterial Hydrogel Adhesive to Seal Complex Interfaces Post–Dental Implantation to Improve Soft Tissue Integration
Authors: Hong Yubing , Wang Siwei , Maimaiti Abudusaimi , Li Jiarun , Li Dongying , Wang Qinmei , Teng Wei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSoft tissue integration (STI) around dental implants determines their long‐term success, and the key is to immediately construct a temporary soft tissue‐like barrier to prevent bacterial invasion after implantation and then, promote STI. In response to this need, an injectable multi‐crosslinked hydrogel (MCH) with abilities of self‐healing, anti‐swelling, degradability, and dry/wet adhesion to soft tissue/titanium is developed using gallic acid‐graft‐chitosan, oxidized sodium alginate, gelatin, and Cu2+ with water and borax solution as solvents, whose properties can be controlled by adjusting its composition and ratio. MCH can not only immediately build a sealing barrier to block the bacterial invasion in the oral simulation environment but also deliver outstanding antibacterial efficacy through the synergism of trapping bacteria and releasing bactericidal agents such as chitosan, gallic acid, aldehyde, and Cu2+. Moreover, MCH has an adjustable ROS‐scavenging ability imparted by gallic acid, chitosan, and gelatin to reduce inflammation and can control the release of Cu2+. Based on these, it is believed that by injecting MCH around implants (percutaneous/transmucosal) after surgery, a universal non‐aggressive strategy to promote STI can be developed for long‐term implant success.
In Vitro Assessment of Chitosan‐PEG Hydrogels Enriched with MSCs‐Exosomes for Enhancing Wound Healing
Authors: Ezati Masoumeh , Hashemi Amir , Zumberg Inna , Nasr Minoo Partovi , Fohlerova Zdenka 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRegenerating skin tissue remains a major challenge in medical science, especially due to the risk of scarring and prolonged healing, which becomes even more complicated in people with diabetes. Recent advancements have led to the creation of therapeutic dressings incorporating drug‐delivery systems to tackle these issues. Exosomes (Exos) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have gained significant attention for mediating therapy without directly using cells, thanks to their natural anti‐inflammatory and tissue repair properties mirroring those of MSCs. In this study, an advanced wound dressing combines chitosan (CS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel with adipose MSCs‐derived Exos (ADMSCs‐Exos). This composite, formed using a straightforward blending technique, is engineered to improve the healing process of severe skin injuries by steadily releasing Exos as the hydrogel degrades. The in vitro studies demonstrate that this hydrogel‐exosome dressing greatly enhances endothelial cell migration, reduces oxidative stress, and promotes angiogenesis, crucial for effective wound healing. Additionally, real time‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis revealed significant upregulation of key genes involved in these processes, supporting the therapeutic potential of the hydrogel‐Exo combination. These findings emphasize the potential of this hydrogel‐Exos combination as an innovative and promising solution for advanced wound care.
Monitoring Polypropylene Chain‐Scission for Dissolution‐Based Recycling by In Situ Near Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Ferchichi Sofiane , Sheibat‐Othman Nida , Boyron Olivier , Norsic Sébastien , Rey‐Bayle Maud , Monteil Vincent 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWithin the context of polypropylene recycling by dissolution, the potential degradation of polypropylene in solution has been investigated using in situ NIR and Raman spectroscopy. Pure polypropylene, completely free of additives, and commercial polypropylene, low in additives, are degraded on purpose under different conditions. Genetic algorithm combined with partial least squares (GA‐PLS) models have been built based on near‐infrared (NIR) spectra, and partial least squares (PLS) models based on Raman spectra, to predict the mass average molar mass and the chain‐scission rate, respectively, during the degradation process. The variables used in the GA‐PLS model from NIR spectra suggest that the main variability is related to physical changes via the baseline. In Raman, a baseline drift due to coloration during the degradation has been used to correlate the spectra with the degradation phenomenon. Both techniques show good predictive performances and can potentially be implemented for real‐time supervision of degradation during recycling processes.
Graft‐to/Graft‐From Synthesis of Janus Graft Copolymers for Bottlebrush Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Li Shaoqiao , Guo Kairui , Xue Zhigang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractJanus graft copolymers, which combine the characteristics of block and graft copolymers, have been used in the fields of reaction catalysis, surface modification, and drug delivery, but their applications in lithium batteries have rarely been reported. Herein, Janus graft copolymers with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polystyrene (PS) side chains are synthesized by combining reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) methods and doped with lithium salts to fabricate Janus bottlebrush polymer electrolytes (PEG‐J‐PS). The PEG side chains of the brush polymers impart good ion‐conducting properties to the electrolytes, while the PS side chains improve the mechanical strength and thermal and chemical stability of the electrolytes. Notably, the PEG‐J‐PS can effectively improve the motility of the polymer chain segments compared to the conventional block copolymer electrolytes (PEG‐b‐PS). The prepared PEG‐J‐PS exhibits a considerable ionic conductivity of 2.06 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 30 °C and high tensile stress (2.39 MPa) and tensile strain (143%) of the PEG45‐J‐PS20 owing to its Janus graft structure.
Asymptotic Behavior for a Viscoelastic Wave Equation With Acoustic and Fractional Conditions Combined by Nonlinear Time‐Varying Delay in Boundary Feedback in the Presence of Logarithmic Source Term
Authors: Choucha Abdelbaki , Boulaaras Salah , Jan Rashid , Jain Shilpi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study examines a wave equation within the framework of nonlinear viscoelasticity. Specifically, it considers a nonlinear, time‐varying delay feedback acting on the boundary, coupled with acoustic and fractional boundary conditions, and influenced by a logarithmic source term. Under suitable general assumptions on the kernel, we first establish the global existence of solutions and subsequently analyze their asymptotic behavior.
Methylene Blue‐Loaded Self‐Assembled Nanoparticles and Their Temperature, Reduction, and Near‐Infrared‐Responsive Release Property for Doxorubicin Delivery
Authors: Wangpimool Kwanjira , Palanisamy Subramanian , You SangGuan , Kim Jin‐Chul 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPoly(acrylic acid) (PAA) is a widely used polymer due to its biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, and customizable structure. Thus, it makes PAA a desirable candidate for developing advanced drug delivery systems. This study used PAA and aminophenyl disulfide (APD) to prepare ion pair self‐assembly (IPM), which is sensitive to temperature and reduction. The PAA/APD ion pair exhibited upper critical solution temperature (UCST) and surface‐active. The surface tension could be controlled by APD content and reducing agent concentration. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) was found at about 3.8 mg/mL and increased with increasing the reducing agent concentration. The APD reduction was verified by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) microscopy. IPM containing methylene blue (IPM@MB) showed photothermal activity and high photostability under NIR irradiation. The ionic interaction between PAA and APD was confirmed by FT‐IR spectroscopy. IPM appeared as almost sphere‐like nanoparticles on the TEM and SEM images. MB can be loaded inside the IPM, evidenced by confocal images. Upon heating, doxorubicin (DOX) was appreciably released when the temperature was higher than the UCST of IPM. Under reducing conditions, the disulfide bond (S‐S) of APD was reduced to thiol (S‐H) groups. The IPM would lose its amphiphilicity, leading to IPM disintegration and accelerated release. Upon NIR irradiation, the IPM@MB showed burst release because of the heat generation from MB, leading to the IPM disassembly.
Chemically Modified Gelatin/Chitosan as a Chemosensor Adsorbent for Detection of Toxic Metals and Removal of Organic Dyes
Authors: Singh Anoop , Kumar Arjun , Kaur Navneet , Singh Narinder 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDue to the vast amounts of toxic metals, oils, and dyes containing wastewater, water pollution is currently a serious health issue for human beings and animals. Adsorption of these pollutants using a biopolymeric‐based hydrogel from wastewater is one of the potent methods due to its biodegradability and low cost. Herein, a porous and biodegradable hydrogel (CS–GL–IL) was synthesized from gelatin (GL), chitosan (CS), and ionic liquid (IL), acting as an excellent adsorbent for water pollutants. The maximum percentage swelling obtained for the synthesized CS–GL–IL hydrogel was 480% ± 3% for 0.5 g of the ionic liquid, 0.05 g of APS, and 35 mL of water at 65°C for 1.5 h of reaction. The process of eliminating methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) from a dye containing water was done using the CS–GL–IL hydrogel. Numerous methods, including PXRD, SEM, FTIR, and rheology, have been used for the characterization of the CS–GL–IL hydrogel. The obtained data indicate that the Freundlich adsorption isotherm with pseudo‐second‐order kinetics was followed for adsorption of dyes. The hydrogel exhibits excellent adsorption capacities of 1171 mg/g and 1062 mg/g for MO and MB, respectively. Furthermore, the hydrogel also exhibited efficiency in detection and adsorption of Ni2+ and Pb2+ with adsorption capacities of 315 mg/g and 370 mg/g, respectively. Dye removal efficiency remained above 82% even after eight iterations of dye adsorption and desorption experiments. Due to its high adsorption potential and regeneration capabilities, the CS–GL–IL hydrogel acts as an excellent material for remediation of wastewater.
A Validated Method for Identification and Quantification of Anthocyanins in Different Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties Using High‐Performance Thin‐Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)
Authors: Borah Jyoti Lekha , Tampha Soibam , Jose Robinson C. , Chaudhary Sushil K. , Chetia Sanjay Kumar , Tamuly Amrit , Sharma Nanaocha , Mukherjee Pulok Kumar , Bhardwaj Pardeep K. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionBlack rice (Oryza sativa L.) has gained prominence as a functional food because of its rich content of anthocyanins and polyphenols, offering potential health benefits. However, comprehensive research addressing the diverse anthocyanin compositions in black rice cultivars remains limited.ObjectiveThis study aimed to quantify anthocyanin contents, specifically kuromanin, cyanidin‐3‐glucoside, peonidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, peonidin‐3‐glucoside chloride, and cyanidin‐3‐rutinoside chloride, in 150 rice varieties sourced from the North Eastern Region of India using a robust high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC) method.Materials and MethodsRice grains of varying colors—black, orange‐reddish, and white—were subjected to methanol extraction under dark conditions through cold maceration for 72 h. The resulting extracts underwent separation on HPTLC silica gel 60 F254 plates utilizing an optimized mobile phase of ethyl acetate, 2‐butanol, formic acid, and water (9:6:3:3::v/v/v/v).ResultsAnthocyanins were found to be present, and they were most visible in white light compared with UV light at 254 and 366 nm. They were analyzed via densitometry under white light illumination in transmission mode following development. Notably, anthocyanins were absent in grains of white and orange‐reddish rice varieties, except for specific lines of Joha (JN 71, JN 83, JN 77, and JN 78) and all black rice variants. Among these, BR 15 exhibited the highest kuromanin content (74.14 ± 0.82 μg/mg), while BR8 showcased the highest peonidin‐3‐glucoside chloride concentration (27.59 ± 0.83 μg/mg).ConclusionThis comprehensive analysis provides detailed insights into the anthocyanin compositions of 15 significant black rice cultivars, offering crucial data for breeding programs targeting enhanced anthocyanin‐rich cultivars and the development of functional foods.
Outcomes of Intrauterine Interventions in Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion (TRAP) Sequence: A Systematic Review of the Literature Over the Past 35 Years
Authors: Tonni Gabriele , Granese Roberta , Incognito Giosuè Giordano , Grisolia Gianpaolo , Lituania Mario , Sepulveda Waldo , de Andrade Valter Lacerda , Ruano Rodrigo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTwin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence is an uncommon disease affecting monochorionic twin pregnancies. The diagnosis can be made by ultrasound allowing to plan optimal antenatal management. An electronic search was conducted from inception to July 2024 to systematically evaluate and compare the outcomes of different intrauterine interventions in this condition. Eighty‐two studies were included, and 859 women with a prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of TRAP sequence with a total of 1763 fetuses were studied. The mean maternal age was 24.2 years (range 19–40) and the mean gestational age at diagnosis was 19.6 weeks (range 10–32). A total of 792 pregnancies were reported in which a fetal intervention was performed over the past 35 years. The mean gestational age at fetal intervention was 22.1 weeks (range 11–32). The two most frequent fetal interventions were radiofrequency ablation, performed in 293 cases and laser umbilical cord coagulation in 140 cases. Overall, 684 out of 828 non‐acardiac fetuses following fetal intervention survived (82.6%) compared with 49 out of 76 (64.5%) non‐acardiac fetuses in pregnancies managed expectantly (p = 0.0001). A higher survival rate was seen in fetuses undergoing umbilical cord ligation (100%) although this procedure was performed in only 8 women. Survival rates were 88.9%, 79.9%, 78.9% and 77.9% for monopolar coagulation of the umbilical cord, laser coagulation of the umbilical cord, fetoscopic laser ablation of placental anastomoses and radiofrequency ablation, respectively. Our results show that the survival rate is higher in patients with TRAP who have a prenatal intervention compared with those who have prenatal expectant management. The survival rate varies depending on the modality used for the prenatal intervention. Future studies are necessary to investigate the impact of the gestational age at the time of the procedure on the survival rate depending on the prenatal therapeutic modality.
Luminescent Mesoporous Squaraine Copolymers: Probing the Structural, Optical, and Sensing Behaviors
Authors: Sriwastav Saily , Malik Sudip 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHerein, we have designed and developed four luminescent mesoporous squaraine copolymers (PSQ‐X) based on substituted diaryl‐1,4‐diamine moiety with various heteroatom “X” such as CH2, O, S, and SO2 to demonstrate the effect of heteroatom on structural, thermal, electrochemical, and optical properties of copolymers. Synthesis has been achieved through a facile single step metal‐free poly‐condensation reaction using commercially available low‐cost monomers. All polysquaraines (PSQs) possess good thermal stability, crystallinity and low bandgap energy (2–3 eV). Utilizing the fluorescent nature of the PSQs, we have explored them as a “turn‐off” sensor for the selective and sensitive detection of picric acid among various nitro‐aromatic explosives via photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and inner filter effect (IFE) mechanism. The Stern–Volmer constant (KSV) for PA has estimated as 1.93 × 104, 1.92 × 104, 0.68 × 104, and 3.57 × 104 M−1 for PSQ‐CH2, PSQ‐O, PSQ‐S, and PSQ‐SO2, respectively, indicating that PA can quench the emission intensity of PSQ‐SO2 most efficiently with the detection limit in the nano‐molar range (LOD = 5.96 nM). Contact mode detection of PA has been also accomplished using economical and transportable fluorescent paper test strip devices for on‐site sensing, which can detect a minimum of 6.9 fg of PA.
Finite‐Time Input‐To‐State Stability for Infinite‐Dimensional Systems
Authors: Sun Xiaorong , Zheng Jun , Zhu Guchuan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we extend the notion of finite‐time input‐to‐state stability (FTISS) for finite‐dimensional systems to infinite‐dimensional systems. More specifically, we first prove an FTISS Lyapunov theorem for a class of infinite‐dimensional systems, namely, the existence of an FTISS Lyapunov functional (FTISS‐LF) implies the FTISS of the system, and then, provide a sufficient condition for ensuring the existence of an FTISS‐LF for a class of abstract infinite‐dimensional systems under the framework of compact semigroup theory and Hilbert spaces. As an application of the FTISS Lyapunov theorem, we verify the FTISS for a class of parabolic PDEs involving sublinear terms and distributed in‐domain disturbances. Since the non‐linear terms of the corresponding abstract system are not Lipschitz continuous, the well‐posedness is proved based on the application of compact semigroup theory, and the FTISS is assessed by using the Lyapunov method with the aid of an interpolation inequality. Numerical simulations are conducted to confirm the theoretical results.
Robust Adaptive Control for High‐Order Nonlinear Systems With Unknown Upper Bound Uncertainties Based on Fully Actuated System Approaches and Multi‐Objective Optimization
Authors: Gu Da‐Ke , Li Hao‐Meng , Liu Yin‐Dong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study focuses on the design of a robust adaptive (RA) controller and a robust adaptive tracking (RAT) controller for high‐order nonlinear systems that have unknown upper bound time‐varying uncertainties. Utilizing the high‐order fully actuated (HOFA) system approaches and Lyapunov stability theory, the proposed RA and RAT controllers are capable of overcoming system uncertainties, while also automatically adjusting parameter estimates associated with the unknown upper bound uncertainties. The proposed controllers ensure that both the state of the closed‐loop system and the estimation error of the parameter vector converge globally to a bounded ellipsoid. Furthermore, the degrees of freedom provided by the HOFA system method is utilized for regional pole assignment, and an objective function is designed to ensure stability and enhance system performance. Finally, the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed control method are demonstrated through simulation examples, including a two‐link manipulator.
Cultivating Inner Witnesses Attuned to the Emotional Experiences of Students of Color in Science
Authors: Williams Alexis Patterson , Sheth Manali J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTraditionally, disciplinary science has been represented as void of and uninfluenced by emotions; therefore, the professional vision of science teaching and learning does not often include attending to the whole person, particularly the emotional needs of those that are harmed in science learning contexts. We find this exclusion untenable given the persistent harm that students of color suffer across science education contexts. As part of the special issue Centering Affect and Emotion Toward Justice and Dignity in Science Education, in this manuscript, we urge the field of science education to re‐envision what science teachers need to attend to for equitable science teaching and learning. Indeed, we argue that science education is inequitable for students of color if their emotions within the classroom are not addressed. Thus, science teaching and teacher education needs to account for the ways emotions show up in science classrooms. Using illustrative vignettes from two science classrooms, we highlight the importance of developing an inner witness that is attuned to the emotional needs of students. We, then, use our equity‐oriented inner witnesses to engage in pedagogical imaginings that critically interrogate our emotions and interpretations of what happened, what did not happen, how the students could have been better supported, how the teachers could have been better supported, and what it is about current models of science teaching and science professional vision that barred different possible responses. These instances, and what they illustrated to us about science (teacher) education, compelled us to explore and imagine science education research, policy, and practices that value engaging with emotional expressions–as both individually and sociopolitically situated–toward equitable science learning environments.