bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐resolution in situ stable isotope measurements reveal contrasting atmospheric vapour dynamics above different urban vegetation
Authors: Ring Ann‐Marie , Tetzlaff Dörthe , Dubbert Maren , Dubbert David , Soulsby Chris 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe monitored stable water isotopes in liquid precipitation and atmospheric water vapour (δv) using in situ cavity ring‐down spectroscopy (CRDS) over a 2 month period in an urban green space area in Berlin, Germany. Our aim was to better understand the origins of atmospheric moisture and its link to water partitioning under contrasting urban vegetation. δv was monitored at multiple heights (0.15, 2 and 10 m) in grassland and forest plots. The isotopic composition of δv above both land uses was highly dynamic and positively correlated with that of rainfall indicating the changing sources of atmospheric moisture. Further, the isotopic composition of δv was similar across most heights of the 10 m profiles and between the two plots indicating high aerodynamic mixing. Only at the surface at ~0.15 m height above the grassland δv showed significant differences, with more enrichment in heavy isotopes indicative of evaporative fractionation especially after rainfall events. Further, disequilibrium between δv and precipitation composition was evident during and right after rainfall events with more positive values (i.e., values of vapour higher than precipitation) in summer and negative values in winter, which probably results from higher evapotranspiration and more convective precipitation events in summer. Our work showed that it is technically feasible to produce continuous, longer‐term data on δv isotope composition in urban areas from in situ monitoring using CRDS, providing new insights into water cycling and partitioning across the critical zone of an urban green space in Central Europe. Such data have the potential to better constrain the isotopic interface between the atmosphere and the land surface and to thus, improve ecohydrological models that can resolve evapotranspiration fluxes.
YOLOv5 based detector for eight different urine particles components on single board computer
Authors: Çınar Ahmet , Erkuş Merve , Tuncer Taner , Ayyıldız Hakan , Tuncer Seda Arslan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUrine sediment examination (USE) is an important issue in the detection of urinary system diseases and is a prerequisite, especially in the diagnosis of kidney diseases. The low‐contrast urine sediment images contain many particles, and these particles are superimposed or adherent, making it difficult to detect and interpret the particles. In this paper, a YOLOv5‐based urine analysis system, which is one of the fastest and most successful architectures used for object detection, is presented to identify particles in urine. The artificial intelligence‐based system, which can recognize bacteria, leukocytes, erythrocytes, crystals, yeast, cylinders, epithelium, and other particles, provides counting and reporting of components in the images obtained from the centrifuged urine sample through a microscope. The system consists of taking images from the microscope and recording them on SBC (Single Board Computer), artificial intelligence‐based software running on SBC, and database systems where urine analysis results are recorded. Different YOLOv5x architectures were used to evaluate the performance of the system and Precision, Recall, mAP, and F1_score values were obtained as metrics. According to the results obtained with the YOLOv5n, YOLOv5s, and YOLOv5m architectures, the highest mAP value of the system, which can recognize eight different particles, was 95.8% with YOLOv5m. This artificial intelligence‐based system, which will help laboratory workers, will not only save time but also eliminate the standardization differences in manual microscopy and will provide benefits as full‐time educational material.
Macroeconomic consequences of alternative reforms to the health insurance system in the United States
Authors: Feng Zhigang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a dynamic general equilibrium model designed to examine the macroeconomic effects and welfare implications of alternative reforms to the US health insurance system. Specifically, it scrutinizes the extent to which health care reform can mitigate inefficiencies stemming from market imperfections in the health insurance industry. The model considers a stochastic overlapping generations framework, incorporating heterogeneous agents who are subject to uncertain health shocks. These individuals make optimal decisions regarding labor supply, health insurance, and medical services. Given that the optimal levels of medical consumption and hours worked are endogenous, this setting encapsulates general equilibrium effects. The model is calibrated to US data, and numerical simulations suggest that suitable adjustments to the present health insurance system can broaden coverage and enhance welfare. This improvement is achieved by reducing adverse selection, improving overall health status, and lessening tax distortions on labor supply.
The role of plasma‐induced surface chemistry on polycaprolactone nanofibers to direct chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Asadian Mahtab , Tomasina Clarissa , Onyshchenko Yuliia , Chan Ke Vin , Norouzi Mohammad , Zonderland Jip , Camarero‐Espinosa Sandra , Morent Rino , De Geyter Nathalie , Moroni Lorenzo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) are extensively being utilized for cartilage regeneration owing to their excellent differentiation potential and availability. However, controlled differentiation of BMSCs towards cartilaginous phenotypes to heal full‐thickness cartilage defects remains challenging. This study investigates how different surface properties induced by either coating deposition or biomolecules immobilization onto nanofibers (NFs) could affect BMSCs chondro‐inductive behavior. Accordingly, electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) NFs were exposed to two surface modification strategies based on medium‐pressure plasma technology. The first strategy is plasma polymerization, in which cyclopropylamine (CPA) or acrylic acid (AcAc) monomers were plasma polymerized to obtain amine‐ or carboxylic acid‐rich NFs, respectively. The second strategy uses a combination of CPA plasma polymerization and a post‐chemical technique to immobilize chondroitin sulfate (CS) onto the NFs. These modifications could affect surface roughness, hydrophilicity, and chemical composition while preserving the NFs' nano‐morphology. The results of long‐term BMSCs culture in both basic and chondrogenic media proved that the surface modifications modulated BMSCs chondrogenic differentiation. Indeed, the incorporation of polar groups by different modification strategies had a positive impact on the cell proliferation rate, production of the glycosaminoglycan matrix, and expression of extracellular matrix proteins (collagen I and collagen II). The chondro‐inductive behavior of the samples was highly dependent on the nature of the introduced polar functional groups. Among all samples, carboxylic acid‐rich NFs promoted chondrogenesis by higher expression of aggrecan, Sox9, and collagen II with downregulation of hypertrophic markers. Hence, this approach showed an intrinsic potential to have a non‐hypertrophic chondrogenic cell phenotype.
The verification of delta SCF and Slater's transition state theory for the calculation of core ionization energy
Authors: Hirao Kimihiko , Nakajima Takahito , Chan Bun , Lee Ho‐Jin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe core ionization energies of second‐ and third‐period elements of the molecules C2H5NO2, SiF4, Si(CH3)4, PF3, POF3, PSF3, CS2, OCS, SO2, SO2F2, CH3Cl, CFCl3, SF5Cl, and Cl3PS are calculated by using Hartree‐Fock (HF), and Kohn‐Sham (KS) with BH&HLYP, B3LYP, and LC‐BOP functionals. We used ΔSCF, Slater's transition state (STS), and two previously proposed shifted STS (1) and shifted STS (2) methods, which have been developed. The errors of ΔSCF and STS come mainly from the self‐interaction errors (SIE) and can be corrected with a shifting scheme. In this study, we used the shifting parameters determined for each atom. The shifted STS (1) reproduces ΔSCF almost perfectly with mean absolute deviations (MAD) of 0.02 eV. While ΔSCF and STS vary significantly depending on the functional used, the variation of shifted STS (2) is small, and all shifted STS (2) values are close to the observed ones. The deviations of the shifted STS (2) from the experiment are 0.24 eV (BH&HLYP), 0.19 eV (B3LYP), and 0.23 eV (LC‐BOP). These results further support the use of shifted STS methods for predicting the core ionization energies.
Robust variance estimation in small meta‐analysis with the standardized mean difference
Authors: Zejnullahi Rrita , Hedges Larry V. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractConventional random‐effects models in meta‐analysis rely on large sample approximations instead of exact small sample results. While random‐effects methods produce efficient estimates and confidence intervals for the summary effect have correct coverage when the number of studies is sufficiently large, we demonstrate that conventional methods result in confidence intervals that are not wide enough when the number of studies is small, depending on the configuration of sample sizes across studies, the degree of true heterogeneity and number of studies. We introduce two alternative variance estimators with better small sample properties, investigate degrees of freedom adjustments for computing confidence intervals, and study their effectiveness via simulation studies.
Validation and comparison of four DNA extraction methods for genetically modified organisms analysis: From DNA quality control to quantification of genetically modified content in real‐life samples matrices
Authors: Verginelli Daniela , Spinella Katia , La Rocca Davide , Bonini Pamela , Fusco Cristiana , Misto Marisa , Quarchioni Cinzia , Peddis Stefania , Peroni Lorella , Marchesi Ugo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe analysis of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food and feed is broadly based on the detection of target DNA sequences using PCR‐based methods. The first step of a typical workflow in a GMO testing laboratory is DNA extraction and purification. Several DNA extraction methods have been described for this purpose so far. Whatever the method adopted, the yield and the quality of the extracted DNA are essential factors for the success of GMO analysis.ResultsThe DNA extraction yield was variable between the different methods, while quality and efficiency appeared comparable. Each method allowed a different yield and a slight correlation between inhibition and the food/feed matrix extracted was observed. Particularly for challenging matrices, the method used for DNA extraction has a remarkable influence on both the quality and quantity of the recovered DNA. Small variations in value % GM content were observed in complex, heterogeneous matrices but not in CRMs and homogeneous matrices.ConclusionsIn this study, the purpose is not to establish the best method of extraction but to examine several parameters that play an important role in GMO detection and verify a possible effect on the quantified GMO percentage. In particular, it was found that the yield and quality of extracted DNA depends on the type of sample, notably the degree of processing, composition, particle size, and the protocol used, especially in relation to sample intake. The slightly different GM content observed in heterogeneous matrices could raise doubt in the case of samples close to the legal threshold.
Properties of OSA‐esterified insoluble fraction of Persian gum and its application in dairy cream
Authors: Nikkhou Shima , Labbafi Mohsen , Mousavi Mohammad E , Askari Gholamreza 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the present study, the insoluble fraction of Persian gum (IFPG) was modified with octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) and its various properties were assessed. In addition, the effect of OSA‐IFPG on the rheological and textural properties of dairy cream was investigated.RESULTSSuitable conditions for achieving a degree of substitution (DS) of 0.023 were found at pH 9, IFPG concentration 4 wt%, OSA concentration 10 wt% and a temperature of 40 °C, within 120 min. The carbonyl group attachment in OSA‐IFPG was also confirmed via Fourier transform infrared and H‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐NMR). While the X‐ray diffraction test indicated no significant changes in the structure of the IFPG after modification with OSA, esterification increased the negative charge density, decreased thermal decomposition temperature and increased the emulsifying capacity to 100%, which was obtained for the first time. The use of OSA‐modified IFPG in creams augmented the complex viscosity, loss and storage modulus, while also demonstrating the creation of a pseudo‐gel network. The hardness and adhesiveness of the texture increased, which can be explained by the formation of a compact structure and reduced particle size.CONCLUSIONOverall, OSA‐IFPG with hydrophilic and hydrophobic sections may function as an emulsifier and be recommended as a safe source of hydrocolloids for emulsion stability. It can also provide a positive physical structure when added to dairy cream, even if the fat concentration is lower than usual. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Transformation of phosphorus forms and its regulation on phosphorus availability across differently degraded marsh soils
Authors: Pu Yulin , Luo Yuanjun , Zhang Shirong , Li Ting , Yuan Dagang , Xu Xiaoxun , Qian Hongyu , Wang Guiying , Jia Yongxia , Li Yun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSoil phosphorus (P) is a vital nutrient that controls wetland productivity and ecological functions. However, the effects of soil P forms on P availability during wetland degradation are relatively unknown. We selected differently degraded marshes, including non‐degraded marsh (NDM), lightly degraded marsh (LDM), moderately degraded marsh (MDM), and heavily degraded marsh (HDM), to research the changes in soil P forms by sequential chemical extraction and its regulation on P availability in the Zoige Plateau, China. The results showed that compared with the 0–30 cm soil layers of NDM, the main changes in total P concentration were a significant increase of 31.6%–44.2% in LDM and MDM, and the available P concentration increased by 28.7%–76.2% in LDM and MDM but decreased by 4.0%–47.5% in HDM with a lower P activation coefficient. Marsh degradation increased the concentration of soil dicalcium phosphates, P occluded in iron hydroxides, and organic P from the entire profile by 46.7%–137.7%, 31.7%–49.3%, and 78.1%–82.1%, respectively, while it decreased that of iron oxide surface adsorbed P and apatite P by 17.2%–32.2% and 15.3%–27.8%, respectively. Soil available P was mainly related to organic P and P non‐occluded in iron oxide minerals, which might also be a non‐negligible direct source of available P. The transformation from apatite P to organic P was an important regulatory mechanism of P availability in soils during marsh degradation. This study revealed the transformation trajectory of soil P forms owing to soil desiccation accompanied by plant community changes and overgrazing during alpine marsh degradation, and the risk of P limitation in HDMs with low soil available P. For degraded marsh restoration, some measures for improving P availability should be implemented in the future, such as grazing exclusion and the application of organic fertilizer.
A Tandem Approach to Fabricate a Hybrid, Organic‐Add‐Drop Filter Using Single‐Crystal Disk‐Resonators and Pseudo‐Plastic Crystal Waveguides
Authors: Pradeep Vuppu Vinay , Kumar Avulu Vinod , Chandrasekar Rajadurai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe progress of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) and related nanophotonic technologies is greatly influenced by precise and complex circuit fabrication know‐how. The integration of chemically different, multiple optical components for constructing hybrid PICs is a tedious and costly affair. Herein, a novel approach to construct a key optical circuit component is reported, namely a hybrid organic add‐drop filter (HOADF) by tandem use of two different techniques, namely, mechanophotonics (micromechanical manipulation) and crystal photonics foundry (focused ion beam, FIB‐assisted crystal milling). The successful integration of FIB‐milled, yellow‐emissive, perylene disk resonators (DRs) to two chemically different pseudo‐plastic microcrystal waveguides, namely yellow–orange‐emitting (Z)−2‐(3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)−3‐(7‐methoxybenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol‐4‐yl)acrylonitrile (BTD2CF3) and green‐emitting (E)−1‐(((5‐bromopyridin‐2‐yl)imino)methyl)naphthalen‐2‐ol (BPyIN), provides a three‐component HOADF. The fabricated HOADF produce, split, route light signals of different wavelengths in a controlled fashion as anticipated from the circuit geometry. This presented innovative technique has the potential to enable bulk‐scale manufacturing of industrial standard organic PICs.
Infinite Wordle and the mastermind numbers
Authors: Hamkins Joel David 
Published: September 2023

AbstractI consider the natural infinitary variations of the games Wordle and Mastermind, as well as their game‐theoretic variations Absurdle and Madstermind, considering these games with infinitely long words and infinite color sequences and allowing transfinite game play. For each game, a secret codeword is hidden, which the codebreaker attempts to discover by making a series of guesses and receiving feedback as to their accuracy. In Wordle with words of any size from a finite alphabet of n letters, including infinite words or even uncountable words, the codebreaker can nevertheless always win in n steps. Meanwhile, the mastermind number , defined as the smallest winning set of guesses in infinite Mastermind for sequences of length ω over a countable set of colors without duplication, is uncountable, but the exact value turns out to be independent of , for it is provably equal to the eventually different number , which is the same as the covering number of the meager ideal . I thus place all the various mastermind numbers, defined for the natural variations of the game, into the hierarchy of cardinal characteristics of the continuum.
Polymer–Protein Nanovaccine Synthesized via Reactive Self‐Assembly with Potential Application in Cancer Immunotherapy: Physicochemical and Biological Characterization In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Zhang Mingming , Chen Wenjuan , Ju Yuanyuan , Zhao Hanying , Wang Chun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNanovaccines composed of polymeric nanocarriers and protein‐based antigens have attracted much attention in recent years because of their enormous potential in the prevention and treatment of diseases such as viral infections and cancer. While surface‐conjugated protein antigens are known to be more immunoactive than encapsulated antigens, current surface conjugation methods often result in low and insufficient protein loading. Herein, reactive self‐assembly is used to prepare nanovaccine from poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and ovalbumin (OVA)—a model antigen. A rapid thiol‐disulfide exchange reaction between PCL with pendant pyridyl disulfide groups and thiolated OVA results in the formation of nanoparticles with narrow size distribution. High OVA loading (≈70–80 wt%) is achieved, and the native secondary structure of OVA is preserved. Compared to free OVA, the nanovaccine is much superior in enhancing antigen uptake by bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), promoting BMDC maturation and antigen presentation via the MHC I pathway, persisting at the injection site and draining lymph nodes, activating both Th1 and Th2 T cell immunity, and ultimately, resisting tumor challenge in mice. This is the first demonstration of reactive self‐assembly for the construction of a polymer–protein nanovaccine with clear potential in advancing cancer immunotherapy.
Unleashing the power of big data for platform firms: A configuration analysis
Authors: Wang Zhen , Yuan Chunhui , Li Xiaolong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of big data on platform performance using a multidimensional perspective and the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method. We identify two pathways for platforms to leverage big data to achieve performance improvement: “volume‐centric configuration” and “volume‐talent synergistic configuration.” Our results indicate that big data volume and talent of big data are the core conditions impacting platform performance, but an increase in these factors does not always equate to an improvement in performance. The study makes two substantial contributions: (1) identifying the configurations of big data that lead to high performance of the platform and illuminating the complex interplay of causality between the multidimensional nature of big data resources and their supporting conditions and (2) measuring the multidimensionality of big data resources in platform firms through the utilization of operational data of the app in question. This study has significant practical implications, providing guidance to platform firms on identifying appropriate big data resources to gain a competitive advantage and utilizing supporting conditions to address deficiencies in data assets.
Perspectives on chronic musculoskeletal pain management among healthcare professionals in Bhutan: A qualitative study
Authors: Tamang Monu , Dorji Nidup , Wangdi Kuenzang , Letho Zimba , Lhaki Karma , Dorji Thinley 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionMusculoskeletal pain disorders continue to be one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Best practice care recommends patient‐centred biopsychosocial models of care. Little is known about the chronic musculoskeletal pain management in low‐ and middle‐income countries.ObjectivesTo explore the management of chronic musculoskeletal pain by healthcare professionals in Bhutan.MethodsThis study employed a qualitative design involving 19 Bhutanese healthcare professionals managing chronic musculoskeletal pain in Bhutan. We collected data using a semi‐structured interview guide. Thematic analysis was done manually.ResultsHealthcare professionals reported that patients rely on a combination of home remedies and seek help from local healers and hospitals for chronic musculoskeletal pain management. While healthcare professionals understand chronic musculoskeletal pain as multi‐dimensional phenomenon, the primary focus was on identifying and treating structural anomalies. Time constraints, inadequate knowledge and skills, lack of confidence, facilities and expertise were reported as barriers to the effective management of chronic musculoskeletal pain. They proposed a need for clinical guidelines, relevant skills training and creating awareness of chronic musculoskeletal pain.ConclusionThe management of chronic musculoskeletal pain in Bhutan is focused on identifying and treating physical abnormalities. Healthcare professionals consider psychosocial dimensions important but lack any form of actionable interventions in this domain.