bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct evidence for the involvement of T suppressor cells in the expression of low-dose paralysis to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide.
Authors: Baker P J , Amsbaugh D F , Stashak P W , Caldes G , Prescott B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Prior treatment (priming) with a subimmunogenic dose of type III pneumococcal polysaccharide results in the development of an antigen-specific state of unresponsiveness termed low-dose paralysis. Such unresponsiveness can be transferred by spleen cells obtained from mice within 5 to 24 hr after priming; the suppressive activity of transferred cells is abolished by treatment with monoclonal anti-Thy-1.2 antibody and complement. These findings show clearly that low-dose paralysis is mediated by T suppressor cells.
Induction of T15-specific suppressor T cells in mice with the CBA/N defect by neonatal injection with anti-T15 idiotype antibody.
Authors: Kim B S , Massey P B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mice with the CBA/N defect (xid) are unresponsive to phosphorylcholine (PC), To determine whether idiotype-specific suppressor T cells can also be generated in these defective mice, defective (CBA/N X BALB/c)F1 male and nondefective (CBA/N X BALB/c)F1 female or (BALB/c X CBA/N)F1 male mice were neonatally injected with antibodies specific for the major idiotype of anti-PC antibody, i.e., anti-TEPC-15 idiotype (T15id) antibody. Suppressor cell activity was examined by co-culturing spleen cells from neonatally treated F1 mice with spleen cells of normal nondefective F1 mice in the presence of antigen. Spleen cells from defective (CBA/NM X BALB/c)F1 mice treated with anti-T15id antibody demonstrated a level of suppressor activity (greater than 83% suppression) comparable to that of similarly treated nondefective F1 mice. This suppression was specific for the T15id of anti-PC response, and a Lyt-1-2+-bearing T cell population appeared to be responsible for the active suppression. These suppressor T cells recognized T15 but not PC, based on a functional absorption test. These results indicate that the CBA/N defects, including the deficiency in the anti-PC response by B lymphocytes and a possible T cell defect, do not influence the generation of T15id-specific suppressor T cells by neonatal injection with anti-T15id antibody.
Role of monocytes, alloantigens, and individual reactivity in the response of human lymphocytes to mitogenic factor.
Authors: Ruiz P , Scornik J C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The activity of mitogenic factors generated in human mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC-MF) was analyzed with unstimulated mononuclear leukocytes used as responder cells. Unseparated or adherent, but not nonadherent, irradiated, autologous mononuclear leukocytes were found to significantly enhance the mitogenic activity of MLC-MF. The effect of MLC-MF was not inhibited by hydrocortisone at concentrations that inhibited MLC-MF production, indicating that the MLC-MF effect is direct and is not mediated through further production of mitogenic factors. Experiments in which MLC-MF was produced in a MLC between a HLA-D homozygous individual and her child suggested that soluble alloantigens do not play a role in the MLC-MF effect. Studies in one individual with MLC responses higher than other individuals indicated average MLC-MF production but above average response to MLC-MF. We conclude that MLC-MF is directly mitogenic for unstimulated lymphocytes, without requiring the simultaneously presence of either mitogen or antigen. In addition, the proliferative MLC reaction of antigen. In addition, the proliferative MLC reaction of individuals with strong responses to MLC-MF may be influenced significantly by the nonspecific clones recruited by MLC-MF.
Human eosinophil lysophospholipase: the sole protein component of Charcot-Leyden crystals.
Authors: Weller P F , Bach D , Austen K F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLC), formed in vitro from human eosinophils, were recently shown to contain a protein identical in physicochemical characteristics to human eosinophil lysophospholipase. Monospecific antisera, prepared against homogeneous, chromatographically purified eosinophil lysophospholipase and against CLC formed in vitro, yielded precipitin lines fusing in a pattern of immunochemical identity on Ouchterlony analysis with disrupted eosinophils, purified lysophospholipase, and solubilized CLC protein. With antisera to the purified lysophospholipase, CLC present in vivo in human feces were demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence to contain eosinophil lysophospholipase. Fecal CLC, purified by sequential gradient centrifugation, contained a single protein migrating identically to eosinophil lysophospholipase on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Solubilized fecal CLC were recrystallized to form characteristically-shaped CLC. Thus, naturally occurring CLC are formed solely of human eosinophil lysophospholipase.
Immune responses in vitro. XII. Two independently segregating loci control Mis product(s).
Authors: Click R E , Azar M M , Anderson V E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Distribution analyses of Misa in (BALB/c x DBA/2)F2 animals indicate that two independently segregating loci control the expression of Misa products. The results were dependent upon the use of x-irradiated cells a the antigen in MLR. The use of non-x-irradiated antigen in the MLR led to results that were uninterpretable because both DBA/2 and (BALB/c x DBA/2)F1 cells responded to x-irradiated BALB/c cells. Even though DBA/2 cells did not respond to (BALB/c x DBA/2)F1 cells, their reactivity to BALB/c cells indicates that the Misb of BALB/c is not null.
Macrophages as effector cells of protective immunity in murine schistosomiasis. II. Killing of newly transformed schistosomula in vitro by macrophages activated as a consequence of Schistosoma mansoni infection.
Authors: James S L , Sher A , Lazdins J K , Meltzer M S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Plastic adherent peritoneal cells from Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice have previously been shown to exhibit nonspecific tumoricidal activity in vitro. In this report we show that these same cell populations kill significant numbers of skin-stage schistosomula in vitro in the absence of added antibody. Larval killing by these activated cells could be enhanced by the use of suspension rather than monolayer cultures and by addition of heat-inactivated immune mouse serum to the cultures. Adherence of cells to schistosomula was also enhanced under the same conditions, suggesting that cell binding to the larvae might be critical in the development or expression of microbicidal activity. In support of this hypothesis, the same level of enhancement of cell binding and larval damage was observed upon substitution of concanavalin A for immune mouse serum. Killing of schistosomula appeared to be mediated solely by activated macrophages in the peritoneal cell suspensions from S. mansoni-infected mice, because partially purified preparations of eosinophils were virtually inactive in these assays. Likewise, inflammatory macrophages from uninfected mice were unable to kill schistosomula under the same conditions, emphasizing the importance of activation in the development of killing capability. The finding that macrophages activated as a consequence of S. mansoni infection are able to kill larval schistosomes in vitro suggests that these cells may play a role in concomitant immunity to schistosomiasis in vivo.
Prevention of the in vitro myelosuppressive effects of glucocorticosteroids by interleukin 1 (IL 1).
Authors: Mishell R I , Lee D A , Grabstein K H , Lachman L B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We investigated the effects of dexamethasone on the formation of granulocyte/macrophage colonies by murine bone marrow cells cultured with colony-stimulatory factors (CSF) in semisolid agar. Dexamethasone (10(-7) M) completely inhibited the formation of colonies in response to L929 CSF but had no effect on the response to CSF in the culture supernatants of the murine macrophage cell line, PU5-1.8. We postulated that a cofactor, interleukin 1, present in the PU5-1.8 supernatants was responsible for protecting colony formation against steroid suppression. Interleukin 1, isolated from culture supernatants of PU5-1.8 and from culture supernatants of human acute monocytic leukemia cells, blocked the inhabitory effects of dexamethasone on colony formation in response to L929 CSF. Moreover, dexamethasone inhibited colony formation in response to PU5-1.8 culture supernatants when interleukin 1 was absent. We also examined interleukin 2 for possible protective effects. Although crude interleukin 2 preparations (supernatants of spleen cells cultured with concanavalin A) blocked dexamethasone inhibition, purified interleukin 2 had no protective effects. These data indicate that interleukin 1 protects colony formation by a pathway that is independent of interleukin 2 and that supernatants of spleen cells activated with concanavalin A probably contain significant amount of interleukin 1.
Naturally occurring autoantibodies to skeletal proteins from human red blood cells.
Authors: Lutz H U , Wipf G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The IgG fraction of sera of healthy human subjects contains natural antibodies to cytoskeletal elements of the donors own red blood cell membranes. Autoantibodies to spectrin are characterized in more detail: their Fab portion binds to the antigen. Autoantibodies, affinity-purified on immobilized spectrin band 1, precipitate 0.4 microgram of spectrin dimer per 1 microgram of autoantibody. They bind to band 1 and cross-react with band 2 of spectrin as well as with breakdown products of spectrin on blots from separated membrane polypeptides. Autoantibodies purified on spectrin band 2 after absorption on band 1 do not cross-react with band 1. The evidence strongly suggests the existence of such autoantibodies in healthy human subjects. This finding indicates that autoantibody production to normally unexposed antigens is not suppressed in ontogeny. These anti-cytoskeleton autoantibodies may have a physiologic role in clearance of debris from lysed cells. Their existence may open a new understanding of elevated anti-spectrin autoantibody concentrations in diseases with different etiologies.
Two distinct human cloned T cell lines that exhibit natural killer-like and anti-human effector activities.
Authors: Sugamura K , Tanaka Y , Hinuma Y 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cloned T cell lines from mixed lymphocyte cultures stimulated with autologous Epstein Barr virus- (EBV) transformed lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) cells were established using a limiting dilution technique in the presence of T cell growth factor (TCGF). The T cell lines included two distinct clones of cytotoxic T cells (Tc) in addition to EBV-specific Tc. A cytotoxic profile of one cloned line was similar to that of endogenous NK cells in peripheral blood. The other cloned Tc line showed an anti-human cytotoxicity. The susceptible targets for this latter Tc line were various human cells, including autologous LCL and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), stimulated with pokeweed mitogen, along with NK-sensitive and NK-resistant cell lines. Weak cytotoxic activity was detected against various xenogeneic cell lines. Furthermore, autologous and allogeneic cloned T cell lines were resistant to killing by the anti-human effector clone. These t wo distinct cloned Tc lines expressed the Leu-1 and Leu-2a antigens, which are markers of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells.
Molecular relationships of the human B cell alloantigens, MT2, MB3, MT4, and DR5.
Authors: Karr R W , Kannapell C C , Stein J A , Gebel H M , Mann D L , Duquesnoy R J , Fuller T C , Rodey G E , Schwartz B D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The human class II, HLA-linked, B cell alloantigens include the HLA-DR, MB, MT, and Te determinants. Interest in the molecular relationships of these antigens has recently intensified because of their homology to the murine Ia antigens and their possible importance in disease predisposition and transplantation. We have used alloantisera with carefully defined immunochemical as well as serologic specificity, and two immunochemical techniques, sequential immunoprecipitation with analysis by SDS-PAGE and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, to explore the molecular relationships of the MT2, MB3, MT4, and HLA-DR5 antigenic determinants. The data presented here indicate that 1) all class II molecules that bear the DR5 antigenic determinant also bear the MT2 antigenic determinant; (2) the homozygous DR5 cell line, Swei, expresses at least two structurally distinct class II molecules, both of which bear MT2: one bears the MT2, MB3, and MT4 antigenic determinants, and the second bears the MT2, but not the MB3 or MT4 antigenic determinant; and (3) the DR5 determinant is located on at least one and possibly both of these distinct class II molecules.
Characterization of a purified glycoprotein from Schistosoma mansoni eggs: specificity, stability, and the involvement of carbohydrate and peptide moieties in its serologic activity.
Authors: Hamburger J , Lustigman S , Siongok T K , Ouma J H , Mahmoud A A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A major egg glycoprotein (MEG) was purified from a crude soluble extract of Schistosoma mansoni ova (Egyptian strain) by successive steps of lectin affinity and ion-exchange chromatography. Radioiodinated MEG exhibited a single precipitation band upon immunodiffusion against antiserum from chronically infected mice, and ran as a single band on PAGE (Rf 0.38) and SDS-PAGE (Rf 0.36). Its estimated m.w. was 70,000. The degree of stage and species specificity of MEG and the effect of various treatments on its serologic reactivity were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). A low degree of cross-reactivity between MEG and similarly prepared soluble antigens from adult worms and cercariae was demonstrated by RIA inhibition tests, whereas a high degree of cross-reactivity was found between MEG and a crude soluble S. haematobium egg antigen. In similar RIA inhibition tests, the Puerto Rican S. mansoni had a lower degree of cross-reactivity with S. haematobium than the Egyptian strain. MEG was four times more abundant in SEA from a Puerto Rican strain of S. mansoni than in SEA from the Egyptian strain. The serologic reactivity of MEG was stable to heat at 100 degrees C for 60 min, to 0.1 N NaOH or HCl, and to 10% TCA. Treatment of MEG with pronase caused a limited fragmentation of the molecule and some loss of its serologic reactivity. Periodate oxidation resulted in a substantial loss of molecular mass and of serologic reactivity, leaving a low residual activity that is only partially cross-reactive with the bulk of MEG. These results suggest the importance of both carbohydrate and peptide moieties of MEG for its serologic reactivity.
Immunologic regulation of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. V. Characterization of effector and specific suppressor T cells.
Authors: Liew F Y , Hale C , Howard J G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Resistant CBA mice infected with Leishmania tropica promastigotes develop concomitant and convalescent immunity against reinfection. This can be adoptively transferred by splenic and lymph node T cells with a threshold dosage of 1 to 2.5 x 10(7). The effector cells are of Thy-1+, Lyt-1+2- phenotype. The same immune cell population also adoptively transfers specific DTH to L. tropica, which is restricted by the major histocompatibility complex. On the other hand, highly susceptible BALB/c mice infected with L. tropica develop antigen-specific suppressor T (Ts) cells (previously shown to inhibit the induction and expression of DTH), which are capable, on transference, of reversing the healing of lesions induced by prior sublethal irradiation of BALB/c mice. As few as 10(6) of these T cells are effective in abrogating the potent prophylactic effect of 550 rad. The Ts cells are of Thy-1+, Lyt-1+2-, and I-J- phenotype. Sublethally irradiated and infected BALB/c mice produce antibody responses quantitatively and isotypically similar during the critical first 40 days after infection whether or not they are injected with 10(7) Ts cells (nonhealing vs healing). Thus, impairment of DTH and curative immune responses in BALB/c mice cannot be attributed to a helper function of these Thy-1+, Lyt-1+2- cells for the formation of suppressive antibody.
A mitogen for human B cells: anti-Ig coupled to polyacrylamide beads activates blood mononuclear cells independently of T cells.
Authors: Fothergill J J , Wistar R , Woody J N , Parker D C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The F(ab')2 fragment of rabbit anti-human F(ab')2 antibodies covalently linked to polyacrylamide beads (anti-Ig beads) acts as a polyclonal mitogen for human B cells in whole peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) or tonsil cells. Activation, measured by the rate of DNA synthesis, is the result of an interaction between the anti-Ig beads and membrane immunoglobulin found on B cells. Excess soluble human F(ab')2 blocks activation with anti-Ig beads. Immunospecifically purified antibodies against IgM or IgD bound to beads activate lymphocytes. Also soluble anti-IgM or anti-IgD can block activation with insolubilized anti-IgM or anti-IgD, respectively, by modulating membrane immunoglobulin. Irrelevant rabbit antihapten antibodies bound to beads failed to activate PBM or tonsil cells. Anti-Ig beads act independently of T cells. The anti-Ig beads lead to activation of B cells without further maturation to polyclonal immunoglobulin secretion.
Lipopolysaccharide receptor on rabbit peritoneal macrophages. I. Binding characteristics.
Authors: Haeffner-Cavaillon N , Chaby R , Cavaillon J M , Szabó L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Bordetella pertussis endotoxin, labeled with tritium ((3H)-LPS), bound irreversibly and nonspecifically to rabbit lung macrophages, but bound reversibly and specifically to both resident and elicited rabbit peritoneal macrophages. The specific binding capacity of the macrophages was saturated with about 3 X 10(4) LPS molecules per cell. The binding was inhibited with the homologous unlabeled endotoxin, but not at all with endotoxin from Proteus mirabilis, thus assessing ligand specificity. Endotoxins from other bacteria gave intermediate inhibition value. Binding of tritium-labeled pertussis endotoxin was significantly inhibited by one of the two polysaccharides (PS-1) present in this endotoxin, but neither the other polysaccharide (PS-2) nor the Lipid A fragment exhibited such activity. These results strongly suggest the presence of a lectin-like receptor for LPS on the membrane of rabbit peritoneal macrophages.
The interaction of human plasma fibronectin with a subunit of the first component of complement, C1q.
Authors: Pearlstein E , Sorvillo J , Gigli I 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fibronectin is a normal plasma protein that enhances reticuloendothelial system functioning, and may participate in immune complex clearance. The interaction of 125I-fibronectin with human C1 and C1q in vitro was investigated by employing a highly reproducible solid-phase binding assay in microtiter wells. We demonstrated that although fibronectin does not bind to antigen-antibody complex (BSA-anti-BSA) or immune complexes containing C1, a 20-fold increase in binding was obtained when the complexes contained C1q alone. In the absence of antigen-antibody complexes, fibronectin binds to the C1q fixed to the wells in a dose-response fashion but not to intact C1. C1q in the fluid phase inhibits 85% of the fibronectin binding to immobilized C1q. The amount of fibronectin bound by immobilized C1q or gelatin is approximately equal. The binding of fibronectin to C1q could be inhibited by the restoration of C1r + C1s to the C1 macromolecular complex before the addition of fibronectin. The inhibition was dependent on the concentration of C1r + C1s and achieved a maximum of 70% at 100 micrograms/ml. This inhibition could be reversed by the removal of C1r and C1s subunits with EDTA or C1 inhibitor. Digestion of C1q with pepsin resulted in an 85% loss of fibronectin binding. It therefore appears that at least one site of fibronectin binding to C1q is in the globular portion of this complement component.
Evidence that antisera that react with products of the human HLA-DR locus may block in vitro antigen-induced proliferation by inducing suppression.
Authors: Muchmore A V , Decker J M , Mann D L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It is widely recognized that antisera that interact with determinants encoded by the Ia region of the mouse and its counterpart, the DR locus of man, are capable of interfering with the ability of monocytes and lymphocytes to respond in vitro to an antigenic stimulus. Using an in vitro assay that measures antigen-specific proliferation of human lymphocytes, we found that both a heteroantiserum raised in rabbits (anti-P29,34) and alloantisera which recognize determinants encoded for by the human DR locus dramatically block in vitro antigen-specific proliferation. These anti-DR antisera appear to act at the level of the monocyte; monocytes pulsed and washed free of excess antisera fail to promote proliferation in the presence of soluble antigen and untreated T cells whereas identically pulsed and washed T cells respond normally with untreated monocytes. Furthermore, the addition of unpulsed monocytes fails to restore in vitro antigen-specific reactivity. Our data suggest that membrane-bound anti-DR-specific antisera on monocytes is profoundly suppressive, and also suggests simple steric hindrance may not account for all of the observed effects such antisera have on monocyte-T cell interactions.
Mechanisms of immune lysis. III. Characterization of the nature and kinetics of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-induced nuclear lesion in the target.
Authors: Russell J H , Masakowski V , Rucinsky T , Phillips G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The experiments reported here demonstrate that the event leading to CTL-induced nuclear disintegration is kinetically similar (t1/2 = 3.1 +/- 0.8 min) to that reported for CTL-induced plasma membrane disintegration as measured by 51Cr release. However, the expression of the lethal event by detergent-soluble 125I release occurs so rapidly that the time between the initiation of the lesion and its expression is 15 min instead of the 90 to 120 min time course for plasma membrane disintegration measured by 51Cr release. In addition, we have demonstrated that the rapid 125IUdR release characteristic of CTL-lysed targets is specific for the nucleus within the target cell itself. Isolated nuclei cultured with effectors and targets during a lytic reaction are not rapidly damaged by the lytic process. Finally, we have characterized the CTL-induced nuclear lesion as a degradative process occurring within the plasma membrane of the target cell. The significance of these events and their relationship to the CTL's role in the host defense system is discussed.