bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Binding proteins of destruxin A from Metarhizium against insect cell
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Weng Qunfang , Zhang Ke , Hu Qiongbo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDestruxin A (DA) is a cyclo-hexadepsipeptidic insecticidal mycotoxin isolated from the entomopathogenic fungi,Metarhiziumspp. However, its mode of action is unknown. In this study, we isolated 149 candidate DA-binding proteins by drug affinity response target stability, and determined the interactions of 80 canditates with DA in vitro by surface plasmon resonance. The affinity coefficients (KD) ranged from 24 to 469 μM. Binding proteins were functionally diverse and included cytoskeletal components and cell motility, protein transcription and translation pathways, ubiquitin dependent protein metabolic processes, nucleus pore entry and exit, and endoplasmic reticulum vesicle transport and etc. Electron microscopy revealed that DA damaged the cytoskeleton and multiple organelles, disrupted cell adhesion and motility, and led to cell death. DA appeared to have a multi-targeted approach to cellular structures and multiple life processes, leading to cell death. The results of this study could provide molecular evidence for the analysis of the insecticidal toxicology of DA and further improve the study of the pathogenic insect mechanism ofMetarhizium.
A pairwise pseudo-likelihood approach for regression analysis of left-truncated failure time data with various types of censoring
Authors: Shao Li , Li Hongxi , Li Shuwei , Sun Jianguo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundFailure time data frequently occur in many medical studies and often accompany with various types of censoring. In some applications, left truncation may occur and can induce biased sampling, which makes the practical data analysis become more complicated. The existing analysis methods for left-truncated data have some limitations in that they either focus only on a special type of censored data or fail to flexibly utilize the distribution information of the truncation times for inference. Therefore, it is essential to develop a reliable and efficient method for the analysis of left-truncated failure time data with various types of censoring.MethodThis paper concerns regression analysis of left-truncated failure time data with the proportional hazards model under various types of censoring mechanisms, including right censoring, interval censoring and a mixture of them. The proposed pairwise pseudo-likelihood estimation method is essentially built on a combination of the conditional likelihood and the pairwise likelihood that eliminates the nuisance truncation distribution function or avoids its estimation. To implement the presented method, a flexible EM algorithm is developed by utilizing the idea of self-consistent estimating equation. A main feature of the algorithm is that it involves closed-form estimators of the large-dimensional nuisance parameters and is thus computationally stable and reliable. In addition, an R package is developed.ResultsThe numerical results obtained from extensive simulation studies suggest that the proposed pairwise pseudo-likelihood method performs reasonably well in practical situations and is obviously more efficient than the conditional likelihood approach as expected. The analysis results of the MHCPS data with the proposed pairwise pseudo-likelihood method indicate that males have significantly higher risk of losing active life than females. In contrast, the conditional likelihood method recognizes this effect as non-significant, which is because the conditional likelihood method often loses some estimation efficiency compared with the proposed method.ConclusionsThe proposed method provides a general and helpful tool to conduct the Cox’s regression analysis of left-truncated failure time data under various types of censoring.
Factors associated with awareness of breast cancer among women of reproductive age in Lesotho: a national population-based cross-sectional survey
Authors: Afaya Agani , Japiong Milipaak , Konlan Kennedy Diema , Salia Solomon Mohammed 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality and a major public health problem. The growing number of breast cancer-related deaths has been largely attributed to a lack of awareness of the disease among women. Whilst there have been frequent campaigns promoting breast cancer awareness, evidence suggests that women still lack awareness. Therefore, this study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with the awareness of breast cancer among women of reproductive age in Lesotho.

Methods
We used population-based cross-sectional data from the 2014 Lesotho Demographic and Health survey. A total of 6,620 women of reproductive age were included in the analysis. The outcome variable was awareness of breast cancer. Women who heard about breast cancer were considered to be aware of the disease. Multilevel binary logistic regression models were fitted to determine the factors associated with breast cancer awareness among women.

Results
The level of awareness of breast cancer was 86.8% (95% CI: 85.5, 87.9). Women aged 45–49 years [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.83, 4.48], married women [AOR = 1.51 (95% CI: 1.19, 1.93)], and women with higher educational level [AOR = 12.56, (95% CI: 4.35, 36.28)] were more likely to be aware of breast cancer. Additionally, women who listened to the radio at least once a week [AOR = 1.96, (95% CI: 1.63, 2.37)], those who read newspapers or magazines [AOR = 1.91 (95% CI: 1.48, 2.46)] and women in the wealthiest group [AOR = 2.55, (95% CI: 1.67, 3.89)] had higher odds of breast cancer awareness. However, women who were in rural areas were less likely [AOR = 0.63, (95% CI: 0.47, 0.84)] to be aware of breast cancer than those in urban areas.

Conclusion
The level of awareness of breast cancer among women of reproductive age in Lesotho was extremely low. We recommend that policymakers, clinicians, and public health practitioners should consider the factors identified in this study when designing and developing intervention programs to improve the awareness of breast cancer among women in Lesotho.
Self-employment, illness, and the social security system: a qualitative study of the experiences of solo self-employed workers in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Khan Tauhid Hossain , MacEachen Ellen , Premji Stephanie , Neiterman Elena 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Today’s labor market has changed over time, shifting from mostly full-time, secured, and standard employment relationships to mostly entrepreneurial and precarious working arrangements. Thus, self-employment (SE) has been growing rapidly in recent decades due to globalization, automation, technological advances, and the recent rise of the ‘gig’ economy, among other factors. Accordingly, more than 60% of workers worldwide are non-standard and precarious. This precarity profoundly impacts workers’ health and well-being, undermining the comprehensiveness of social security systems. This study aims to examine the experiences of self-employed (SE’d) workers on how they are protected with available social security systems following illness, injury, and income reduction or loss.

Methods
Drawing on in-depth interviews with 24 solo SE’d people in Ontario (January – July 2021), thematic analysis was conducted based on participants’ narratives of experiences with available security systems following illness or injury. The dataset was analyzed using NVIVO qualitative software to elicit narratives and themes.

Findings
Three major themes emerged through the narrative analysis: (i) policy-practice (mis)matching, (ii) compromise for a decent life, and (iii) equity in work and benefits.

Conclusions
Meagre government-provided formal supports may adversely impact the health and wellbeing of self-employed workers. This study points to ways that statutory social protection programs should be decoupled from benefits provided by employers. Instead, government can introduce a comprehensive program that may compensate or protect low-income individuals irrespective of employment status.
Mortality trend analysis of ischemic heart disease in China between 2010 and 2019: a joinpoint analysis
Authors: Fu Xiaoli , Wang Jing , Jiang Shuai , Wu Jian , Mu Zihan , Tang Yanyu , Wang Suxian , Fu Hang , Ma He , Zhao Yaojun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
This study presented the mortality trend of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in Chinese residents from 2010 to 2019 and provided a basis for further establishment of relevant interventions.

Methods
Data, such as sex, age, urban and rural areas, and death status, were extracted from the China Death Surveillance Dataset from 2010 to 2019, with mortality and age-adjusted death rates (AADRs) as the main indicators. The joinpoint regression model was used to analyze mortality and AADRs trends in IHD. A semi-structured expert interview was conducted to propose targeted intervention measures and countermeasures.

Results
We observed an overall upward trend in IHD mortality rates and AADRs in China from 2010 to 2019 (average annual percentage change [AAPC] = 5.14%, AAPCAADRs = 1.60%, P < 0.001). Mortality rates and AADRs increased for both males (AAPC = 4.91%, AAPCAADRs = 1.09%, P < 0.05) and females (AAPC = 5.57%, AAPCAADRs = 1.84%, P < 0.001), with higher mortality rate for males than females but higher variation for females than males. Urban (AAPC = 4.80%, AAPCAADRs = 1.76%, P < 0.05) and rural (AAPC = 5.31%, P < 0.001; AAPCAADRs = 0.99%, P > 0.05) mortality rates increased, with the mortality rate higher in rural areas than in urban areas. In the age analysis, mortality rate was higher in middle-aged and older adults than in other age groups. The age-sex cross-analysis found the highest trend in mortality rates among females aged ≥ 75 years (annual percentage change [APC] = 2.43%, P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The upward trend in IHD mortality in China from 2010 to 2019, especially among female residents aged ≥ 75 years, poses continuing challenges to public health policies and actions.
CD147 and cyclophilin A: a promising potential targeted therapy for COVID-19 and associated cancer progression and chemo-resistance
Authors: Bakhtiyari Maryam , Haji Aghasi Ayda , Banihashemi Sara , Abbassioun Arian , Tavakol Chanour , Zalpoor Hamidreza 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCoronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), as a worldwide serious issue has been shown to lead to progression and poor outcomes in cancer patients. The underlying mechanisms for SARS-CoV-2 infection’s adverse effects on cancer patients have not been fully understood. We hypothesized that CD147 and Cyclophilin A (CyPA) not only can play a significant role in infection severity but also can contribute to cancer progression and chemotherapy resistance in cancer patients with COVID-19. In addition, we hypothesized that the expression of both CD147 and CyPA could be increased by Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) activation during hypoxic conditions that occurred during COVID-19. Therefore, this evidence can open a new window in the management of cancer patients during the pandemic and therapeutic approaches targeting CD147 and CyPA could be a potentially promising therapeutic approach for such patients.
Changes in the sleeping habits of Japanese university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a 3-year follow-up study
Authors: Hori Reiko , Shibata Eiji , Okajima Iwao , Matsunaga Masahiro , Umemura Tomohiro , Narisada Akihiko , Suzuki Kohta 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly changed our daily life. Owing to the imposed restrictions, many educational facilities have introduced remote teaching. This study aims to clarify the association between remote teaching and Japanese university students' sleeping habits.

Methods
The participants were medical students at Aichi Medical University. We used data from an ongoing longitudinal sleeping habits survey. For the participants who enrolled in the university during 2018–2020, multilevel analyses of sleep duration during weekdays and weekends across 3 years were conducted, adjusting for sex, grade, place of stay, sleep problems and lifestyle habits.

Results
Among the students enrolled in the university, the data of 677 in 2018, 657 in 2019, and 398 in 2020 was available for analysis. The mean sleep duration during weekdays (in minutes) was 407.6 ± 60.3 in 2018, 406.9 ± 63.0 in 2019, and 417.3 ± 80.9 in 2020. The mean sleep duration during weekends (in minutes) was 494.5 ± 82.5 in 2018, 488.3 ± 87.9 in 2019, and 462.3 ± 96.4 in 2020. Multilevel analysis conducted for the 684 participants who enrolled during 2018–2020 showed that sleep duration during weekdays was associated with the place of stay and survey year. Moreover, students reported significantly longer sleep duration during weekdays in 2020 than in 2019, but no significant difference in sleep duration was found between 2018 and 2019. The other multilevel analysis found sleep duration during weekends to be associated with the survey year, sex and always doing something before going to bed. Sleep duration during weekends was shorter in 2020 than in 2019 and longer for male students and students who always do something before going to bed. Ten students were reported to have a delayed sleep phase in 2020.

Conclusions
Students' sleep duration increased during weekdays and decreased during weekends in 2020. This difference could be explained by the COVID-19 pandemic and the introduction of remote teaching.
Vicious cycle of emotion regulation and ODD symptoms among Chinese school-age children with ODD: a random intercept cross-lagged panel model
Authors: Zhang Wenrui , Li Yanbin , Li Longfeng , Hinshaw Stephen , Lin Xiuyun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA strong link between children’s emotion regulation and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms has been documented; however, the within-person mechanisms remain unclear. Based on the self-control theory and self-regulation theory, our study investigated the longitudinal, bidirectional relationship between emotion regulation and ODD symptoms in school-age children with ODD using parent- and teacher-reported data, respectively. A total of 256 Chinese elementary school students participated in a three-wave longitudinal study spanning two years. We used the random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) to investigate the concurrent and longitudinal associations between emotion regulation and ODD symptoms. Results from the RI-CLPMs revealed that ODD symptoms were negatively correlated with emotion regulation and positively correlated with emotion lability/negativity at both the between-person and within-person levels across settings. Additionally, in the school setting, emotion regulation negatively predicted subsequent ODD symptoms but not vice versa, whereas emotion lability/negativity was bidirectionally associated with ODD symptoms over time. The longitudinal associations of ODD symptoms with emotion regulation and lability/negativity were not observed in the home setting. These findings suggest a circular mechanism between children’s emotion regulation and ODD symptoms and support the view that emotion regulation, particularly emotion lability/negativity, plays an important role in the development of ODD symptoms.
Electronic health records to capture primary outcome measures: two case studies in HIV prevention research
Authors: Dunn David , McCabe Leanne , White Ellen , Delpech Valerie , Kirwan Peter D. , Khawam Jameel , Croxford Sara , Ward Denise , Brodnicki Elizabeth , Rodger Alison , McCormack Sheena 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
There is increasing interest in the use of electronic health records (EHRs) to improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of clinical trials, including the capture of outcome measures.

Main text
We describe our experience of using EHRs to capture the primary outcome measure — HIV infection or the diagnosis of HIV infection — in two randomised HIV prevention trials conducted in the UK. PROUD was a clinic-based trial evaluating pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and SELPHI was an internet-based trial evaluating HIV self-testing kits. The EHR was the national database of HIV diagnoses in the UK, curated by the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA). In PROUD, linkage to the UKHSA database was performed at the end of the trial and identified five primary outcomes in addition to the 30 outcomes diagnosed by the participating clinics. Linkage also produced an additional 345 person-years follow-up, an increase of 27% over clinic-based follow-up. In SELPHI, new HIV diagnoses were primarily identified via UKHSA linkage, complemented by participant self-report through internet surveys. Rates of survey completion were low, and only 14 of the 33 new diagnoses recorded in the UKHSA database were also self-reported. Thus UKHSA linkage was essential for capturing HIV diagnoses and the successful conduct of the trial.

Conclusions
Our experience of using the UKHSA database of HIV diagnoses as a source of primary outcomes in two randomised trials in the field of HIV prevention was highly favourable and encourages the use of a similar approach in future trials in this disease area.
Pragmatic anesthetic approach for extracranial to intracranial bypass surgery in a patient with moyamoya disease and sickle cell disease: a case report
Authors: Lal Shankar , Larney Vivienne 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Moyamoya disease is a chronic progressive cerebrovascular disorder. A proportion of 10–20% of patients with sickle cell disease have associated moyamoya disease and may require surgical revascularization as definitive treatment.

Case presentation
A 22-year-old African lady with sickle cell disease and moyamoya disease, with extensive cerebral vasculopathy, was scheduled for elective extracranial to intracranial bypass surgery. She presented with right-sided weakness secondary to a hemorrhagic stroke of the left lentiform nucleus. She required a multidisciplinary team approach for preprocedural optimization. Her preoperative hemoglobin SS levels were reduced to less than 20%, with preoperative red blood cell transfusion to avoid sickling. We maintained normal physiology and optimal analgesia perioperatively. She was extubated after the successful surgical procedure and was transferred to Intensive care unit (ICU) for invasive monitoring, with subsequent discharge to the ward several days later.

Conclusion
Optimal preprocedural optimization can decrease complications in patients with critically comprised cerebral circulation booked for extensive surgery such as ECIC bypass. We believe the presentation of anesthetic management of a patient with moyamoya disease and sickle cell disease may prove helpful.
Metataxonomic analysis and host proteome response in dairy cows with high and low somatic cell count: a quarter level investigation
Authors: Winther Anja Ruud , da Silva Duarte Vinícius , Porcellato Davide 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHost response to invasive microbes in the bovine udder has an important role on the animal health and is essential to the dairy industry to ensure production of high-quality milk and reduce the mastitis incidence. To better understand the biology behind these host-microbiome interactions, we investigated the somatic cell proteomes at quarter level for four cows (collected before and after milking) using a shotgun proteomics approach. Simultaneously, we identified the quarter microbiota by amplicon sequencing to detect presence of mastitis pathogens or other commensal taxa. In total, 32 quarter milk samples were analyzed divided in two groups depending on the somatic cell count (SCC). The high SCC group (>100,000 cell/mL) included 10 samples and significant different proteome profiles were detected. Differential abundance analysis uncovers a specific expression pattern in high SCC samples revealing pathways involved in immune responses such as inflammation, activation of the complement system, migration of immune cells, and tight junctions. Interestingly, different proteome profiles were also identified in quarter samples containing one of the two mastitis pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus uberis, indicating a different response of the host depending on the pathogen. Weighted correlation network analysis identified three modules of co-expressed proteins which were correlated with the SCC in the quarters. These modules contained proteins assigned to different aspects of the immune response, but also amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and biosynthesis of amino acids. The results of this study provide deeper insights on how the proteome expression changes at quarter level in naturally infected cows and pinpoint potential interactions and important biological functions during host-microbe interaction.
Preoxygenation with standard facemask combining apnoeic oxygenation using high flow nasal cannula versuss standard facemask alone in patients with and without obesity: the OPTIMASK international study
Authors: Jaber Samir , De Jong Audrey , Schaefer Maximilian S. , Zhang Jiaqiang , Ma Xiaowen , Hao Xinrui , Zhou Shujing , Lv Shang , Banner-Goodspeed Valerie , Niu Xiuhua , Sfara Thomas , Talmor Daniel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Combining oxygen facemask with apnoeic oxygenation using high-flow-nasal-oxygen (HFNO) for preoxygenation in the operating room has not been studied against standard oxygen facemask alone. We hypothesized that facemask-alone would be associated with lower levels of lowest end-tidal oxygen (EtO2) within 2 min after intubation in comparison with facemask combined with HFNO.

Methods
In an international prospective before–after multicentre study, we included adult patients intubated in the operating room from September 2022 to December 2022. In the before period, preoxygenation was performed with facemask-alone, which was removed during laryngoscopy. In the after period, facemask combined with HFNO was used for preoxygenation and HFNO for apnoeic oxygenation during laryngoscopy. HFNO was maintained throughout intubation. The primary outcome was the lowest EtO2 within 2 min after intubation. The secondary outcome was SpO2 ≤ 95% within 2 min after intubation. Subgroup analyses were performed in patients without and with obesity. This study was registered 10 August 2022 with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT05495841.

Results
A total of 450 intubations were evaluated, 233 with facemask-alone and 217 with facemask combined with HFNO. In all patients, the lowest EtO2 within 2 min after intubation was significantly lower with facemask-alone than with facemask combined with HFNO, 89 (85–92)% vs 91 (88–93)%, respectively (mean difference − 2.20(− 3.21 to − 1.18), p < 0.001). In patients with obesity, similar results were found [87(82–91)% vs 90(88–92)%, p = 0.004]; as in patients without obesity [90(86–92)% vs 91(89–93)%, p = 0.001)]. SpO2 ≤ 95% was more frequent with facemask-alone (14/232, 6%) than with facemask combined with HFNO (2/215, 1%, p = 0.004). No severe adverse events were recorded.

Conclusions
Combining facemask with HFNO for preoxygenation and apnoeic oxygenation was associated with increased levels of lowest EtO2 within 2 min after intubation and less desaturation.