bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real Men (Don’t Wear Sweater-Vests)
Authors: McKinney Jennifer 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the gender rhetoric Mark Driscoll used to craft his hypermasculine theology. At the center of his gospel, Driscoll described men as the “glory of God.” Recasting Jesus from a “hippie in a dress” to an “Ultimate Fighting Champion,” Driscoll gave Christian men an example of a Jesus they could emulate. This masculine-centered theology created a strict hierarchy between men and women, placing heterosexual men at the center of Christianity. Creating a hypermasculine gender theology allowed Mars Hill Church to counter both a feminized culture and a feminized Christianity. The chapter also analyzes how members of Mars Hill interpreted and applied this hypermasculine theology.
Note From the General Editor
Authors: Ziccardi Capaldo Giuliana 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this editorial, General Editor Professor Giuliana Ziccardi Capaldo provides a brief introduction to the commencement of the third decade of the Global Community YILJ while also accentuating the twentieth anniversary celebration that took place last year, the reflections made on how the journal has developed, and its future objectives. She gives a succinct overview of the outstanding academic contributions contained in this current issue, placing special emphasis on their key concepts before moving on to outline the main objective of the issue to the dissemination of international jurisprudence. After welcoming five new Board Members, she thanks those who have already rendered their valuable expert service to the journal.
Addressing Member State Deviations from EU Foundational Values and the Rule of Law
Authors: Curran Vivian Grosswald 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the European Union’s challenge in addressing member states which reject foundational EU values of the Lisbon Treaty. It examines the pasts of Hungary and Poland and issues of competing narratives of victimhood between East and West European Member States, as well as the exploitation of genuine issues by regimes to their political advantage at the cost of their own populations’ constitutional democracy. It explores various approaches for the European Union and reviews recent decisions by the Court of Justice of the European Union and Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). Finally, it suggests the ECtHR’s adoption of Article 17 as a mechanism to address member state systemic human rights violations, along the lines of Kim Lane Scheppele’s proposed systemic infringement actions.
Combination of bacterialN-acyl homoserine lactones primes Arabidopsis defenses via jasmonate metabolism
Authors: Duan Yongming , Han Min , Grimm Maja , Ponath Jessica , Reichelt Michael , Mithöfer Axel , Schikora Adam 
Published: January 2023

AbstractN-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) are important players in plant–bacteria interactions. Different AHL-producing bacteria can improve plant growth and resistance against plant pathogens. In nature, plants may host a variety of AHL-producing bacteria and frequently experience numerous AHLs at the same time. Therefore, a coordinated response to combined AHL molecules is necessary. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of AHL-priming using combined AHL molecules including N-(3-oxo-hexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone, N-3-oxo-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone, N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone, and N-3-oxo-tetradecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone and AHL-producing bacteria including Serratia plymuthica HRO-C48, Rhizobium etli CFN42, Burkholderia graminis DSM17151, and Ensifer meliloti (Sinorhizobium meliloti) Rm2011. We used transcriptome analysis, phytohormone measurements, as well as genetic and microbiological approaches to assess how the combination of structurally diverse AHL molecules influence Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Our findings revealed a particular response to a mixture of AHL molecules (AHL mix). Different expression patterns indicated that the reaction of plants exposed to AHL mix differs from that of plants exposed to single AHL molecules. In addition, different content of jasmonic acid (JA) and derivatives revealed that jasmonates play an important role in AHL mix-induced priming. The fast and stable decreased concentration of COOH-JA-Ile after challenge with the flagellin-derived peptide flg22 indicated that AHL mix modifies the metabolism of jasmonates. Study of various JA- and salicylic acid-related Arabidopsis mutants strengthened the notion that JA homeostasis is involved in AHL-priming. Understanding how the combination of AHLs primes plants for enhanced resistance has the potential to broaden our approaches in sustainable agriculture and will help to effectively protect plants against pathogens.
Effective use of legacy data in a genome-wide association studies improves the credibility of quantitative trait loci detection in rice
Authors: Suganami Mao , Kojima Soichi , Wang Fanmiao , Yoshida Hideki , Miura Kotaro , Morinaka Yoichi , Watanabe Masao , Matsuda Tsukasa , Yamamoto Eiji , Matsuoka Makoto 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWASs) are used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) using genomic and phenotypic data as inputs. While genomic data are obtained with high throughput and low cost, obtaining phenotypic data requires a large amount of effort and time. In past breeding programs, researchers and breeders have conducted a large number of phenotypic surveys and accumulated results as legacy data. In this study, we conducted a GWAS using phenotypic data of temperate japonica rice (Oryza sativa) varieties from a public database. The GWAS using the legacy data detected several known agriculturally important genes, indicating reliability of the legacy data for GWAS. By comparing the GWAS using legacy data (L-GWAS) and a GWAS using phenotypic data that we measured (M-GWAS), we detected reliable QTL for agronomically important traits. These results suggest that an L-GWAS is a strong alternative to replicate tests to confirm the reproducibility of QTL detected by an M-GWAS. In addition, because legacy data have often been accumulated for many traits, it is possible to evaluate the pleiotropic effect of the QTL identified for the specific trait that we focused on with respect to various other traits. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of using legacy data for GWASs and proposes the use of legacy data to accelerate genomic breeding.
HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 90.6 interacts with carbon and nitrogen metabolism components during seed development
Authors: Xu Jianghai , Yang Zhijia , Fei Xiaohong , Zhang Meiling , Cui Yang , Zhang Xiangbo , Tan Kaiwen , E Lizhu , Zhao Haiming , Lai Jinsheng , Zhao Qian , Song Weibin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCarbon and nitrogen are the two main nutrients in maize (Zea mays L.) kernels, and kernel filling and metabolism determine seed formation and germination. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between kernel filling and corresponding carbon and nitrogen metabolism remain largely unknown. Here, we found that HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 90.6 (HSP90.6) is involved in both seed filling and the metabolism processes of carbon and nitrogen. A single-amino acid mutation within the HATPase_c domain of HSP90.6 led to small kernels. Transcriptome profiling showed that the expression of amino acid biosynthesis- and carbon metabolism-related genes was significantly downregulated in the hsp90.6 mutant. Further molecular evidence showed strong interactions between HSP90.6 and the 26S proteasome subunits REGULATORY PARTICLE NON-ATPASE6 (RPN6) and PROTEASOME BETA SUBUNITD2 (PBD2). The mutation of hsp90.6 significantly reduced the activity of the 26S proteasome, resulting in the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and defects in nitrogen recycling. Moreover, we verified that HSP90.6 is involved in carbon metabolism through interacting with the 14-3-3 protein GENERAL REGULATORY FACTOR14-4 (GF14-4). Collectively, our findings revealed that HSP90.6 is involved in seed filling and development by interacting with the components controlling carbon and nitrogen metabolism.
Bond Premium Cyclicality and Liquidity Traps
Authors: Caramp Nicolas , Singh Sanjay R 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Safe asset shortages can expose an economy to liquidity traps. The nature of these traps is determined by the cyclicality of the bond premium. A counter-cyclical bond premium opens the possibility of expectations-driven liquidity traps in which small issuances of government debt crowd out private debt and reduce output. In contrast, when the bond premium is pro-cyclical and the economy is in a liquidity trap, government debt is expansionary. In the data, we find evidence of a counter-cyclical bond premium. Large interventions can prevent the emergence of self-fulfilling traps, but they require sufficient fiscal capacity. In a quantitative model calibrated to the Great Recession, a promise to increase the government debt-to-GDP ratio by 20 percentage points precludes the possibility of self-fulfilling traps.
Genetics of osteonecrosis in children and adults with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Webber Declan , Cao Jingjing , Dominguez Daniela , Gladman Dafna D , Knight Andrea , Levy Deborah M , Liao Fangming , Ng Lawrence , Paterson Andrew D , Touma Zahi , Wither Joan , Urowitz Murray , Silverman Earl D , Hiraki Linda T 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Genetics plays an important role in SLE risk, as well as osteonecrosis (ON), a significant and often debilitating complication of SLE. We aimed to identify genetic risk loci for ON in people with childhood-onset (cSLE) and adult-onset (aSLE) SLE.

Methods
We enrolled participants from two tertiary care centres who met classification criteria for SLE. Participants had prospectively collected clinical data and were genotyped on a multiethnic array. Un-genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were imputed, and ancestry was inferred using principal components (PCs). Our outcome was symptomatic ON confirmed by imaging. We completed time-to-ON and logistic regression of ON genome-wide association studies (GWASs) with covariates for sex, age of SLE diagnosis, five PCs for ancestry, corticosteroid use and selected SLE manifestations. We conducted separate analyses for cSLE and aSLE and meta-analysed results using inverse-variance weighting. Genome-wide significance was P &lt; 5 × 10−8.

Results
The study included 940 participants with SLE, 87% female and 56% with cSLE. ON was present in 7.6% (n = 71). Median age of SLE diagnosis was 16.9 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 13.5, 29.3), with median follow-up of 8.0 years (IQR: 4.2, 15.7). Meta-GWAS of cSLE and aSLE time-to-ON of 4 431 911 SNPs identified a significant Chr.2 SNP, rs34118383 (minor allele frequency = 0.18), intronic to WIPF1 (hazard ratio = 3.2 [95% CI: 2.2, 4.8]; P = 1.0 × 10−8).

Conclusion
We identified an intronic WIPF1 variant associated with a 3.2 times increased hazard for ON (95% CI: 2.2, 4.8; P = 1.0 × 10−8) during SLE follow-up, independent of corticosteroid exposure. The effect of the SNP on time-to-ON was similar in cSLE and aSLE. This novel discovery represents a potential ON risk locus. Our results warrant replication.
A deep learning system for quantitative assessment of microvascular abnormalities in nailfold capillary images
Authors: Bharathi Praveen Gurunath , Berks Michael , Dinsdale Graham , Murray Andrea , Manning Joanne , Wilkinson Sarah , Cutolo Maurizio , Smith Vanessa , Herrick Ariane L , Taylor Chris J 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesNailfold capillaroscopy is key to timely diagnosis of SSc, but is often not used in rheumatology clinics because the images are difficult to interpret. We aimed to develop and validate a fully automated image analysis system to fill this gap.MethodsWe mimicked the image interpretation strategies of SSc experts, using deep learning networks to detect each capillary in the distal row of vessels and make morphological measurements. We combined measurements from multiple fingers to give a subject-level probability of SSc.We trained the system using high-resolution images from 111 subjects (group A) and tested on images from subjects not in the training set: 132 imaged at high-resolution (group B); 66 imaged with a low-cost digital microscope (group C). Roughly half of each group had confirmed SSc, and half were healthy controls or had primary RP (‘normal’). We also estimated the performance of SSc experts.ResultsWe compared automated SSc probabilities with the known clinical status of patients (SSc versus ‘normal’), generating receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs). For group B, the area under the ROC (AUC) was 97% (94–99%) [median (90% CI)], with equal sensitivity/specificity 91% (86–95%). For group C, the AUC was 95% (88–99%), with equal sensitivity/specificity 89% (82–95%). SSc expert consensus achieved sensitivity 82% and specificity 73%.ConclusionFully automated analysis using deep learning can achieve diagnostic performance at least as good as SSc experts, and is sufficiently robust to work with low-cost digital microscope images.
Avian H7N9 influenza viruses are evolutionarily constrained by stochastic processes during replication and transmission in mammals
Authors: Braun Katarina M , Haddock III Luis A , Crooks Chelsea M , Barry Gabrielle L , Lalli Joseph , Neumann Gabriele , Watanabe Tokiko , Imai Masaki , Yamayoshi Seiya , Ito Mutsumi , Moncla Louise H , Koelle Katia , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Friedrich Thomas C 
Published: January 2023

AbstractH7N9 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have caused over 1,500 documented human infections since emerging in 2013. Although wild-type H7N9 AIVs can be transmitted by respiratory droplets in ferrets, they have not yet caused widespread outbreaks in humans. Previous studies have revealed molecular determinants of H7N9 AIV host switching, but little is known about potential evolutionary constraints on this process. Here, we compare patterns of sequence evolution for H7N9 AIV and mammalian H1N1 viruses during replication and transmission in ferrets. We show that three main factors—purifying selection, stochasticity, and very narrow transmission bottlenecks—combine to severely constrain the ability of H7N9 AIV to effectively adapt to mammalian hosts in isolated, acute spillover events. We find rare evidence of natural selection favoring new, potentially mammal-adapting mutations within ferrets but no evidence of natural selection acting during transmission. We conclude that human-adapted H7N9 viruses are unlikely to emerge during typical spillover infections. Our findings are instead consistent with a model in which the emergence of a human-transmissible virus would be a rare and unpredictable, though highly consequential, ‘jackpot’ event. Strategies to control the total number of spillover infections will limit opportunities for the virus to win this evolutionary lottery.
The double‐stranded RNA‐dependent protein kinase PKR negatively regulates the protein expression of IFN‐β induced by RIG‐I signaling
Authors: Matsumiya Tomoh , Shiba Yuko , Ding Jiangli , Kawaguchi Shogo , Seya Kazuhiko , Imaizumi Tadaatsu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRetinoic acid‐inducible gene‐I (RIG‐I) is a cytoplasmic RNA sensor that plays an important role in innate immune responses to viral RNAs. Double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA)‐dependent protein kinase (PKR) is a eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) kinase that is initially involved in the responses of the translational machinery to dsRNA. PKR is also thought to play an essential role in antiviral innate immunity. However, the coordinated mechanisms of RIG‐I and PKR that induce the expression of type I interferons (IFNs), essential cytokines involved in antiviral defense, are not completely understood. In this study, we show that PKR negatively participates in the RIG‐I‐mediated induction of IFN‐β expression. Stress granule (SG) formation is crucial to sequester mRNA to prevent aberrant protein synthesis by various stresses. SG formation in response to dsRNA was triggered by a PKR‐mediated antiviral stress response. However, IFN‐β mRNA was not sequestered in the SGs of dsRNA‐treated cells. dsRNA‐induced translational silencing was thought to be PKR dependent. However, our results indicated that some proteins, including IFN‐β, were clearly translated despite PKR‐mediated translational silencing. This study suggests that RIG‐I responds mainly to IFN‐β expression in cells to which non‐self dsRNA is introduced. In addition, PKR negatively regulates IFN‐β protein expression induced by RIG‐I signaling. This may explain the essential role of PKR in fine‐tuning the expression of IFN‐β in RIG‐I‐mediated antiviral immune responses.
SMARTer Goalsetting: A Pilot Innovation for Coaches During the Transition to Residency
Authors: Winkel Abigail Ford , Chang Lucy Y. , McGlone Pauline , Gillespie Colleen , Triola Marc 
Published: January 2023

Problem
Ability to set goals and work with coaches can support individualized, self-directed learning. Understanding the focus and quality of graduating medical student and first-year resident goals and the influence of coaching on goal-setting can inform efforts to support learners through the transition from medical school to residency.

Approach
This observational study examined goal-setting among graduating medical students and first-year residents from April 2021 to March 2022. The medical students set goals while participating in a Transition to Residency elective. The residents in internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, emergency medicine, orthopedics, and pathology set goals through meeting 1:1 with coaches. Raters assessed goals using a 3-point rubric on domains of specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and timely (i.e., SMART goal framework) and analyzed descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney U tests, and linear regressions.

Outcomes
Among 48 medical students, 30 (62.5%) set 108 goals for early residency. Among 134 residents, 62 (46.3%) entered goals. Residents met with coaches 2.8 times on average (range 0–8 meetings, median = 3). Goal quality was higher in residents than medical students (average score for S: 2.71 vs 2.06, P < .001; M: 2.38 vs 1.66, P < .001; A: 2.92 vs 2.64, P < .001; R: 2.94 vs 2.86, P = .002; T: 1.71 vs 1.31, P < .001). The number of coaching meetings was associated with more specific, measurable goals (specific: F [1, 1.02] = 6.56, P = .01, R2 = .10; measurable: F [1, 1.49] = 4.74, P = .03, R2 = .07).

Next Steps
Learners set realistic, attainable goals through the transition to residency, but the goals could be more specific, measurable, and timely. The residents set SMARTer goals, with coaching improving goal quality. Understanding how best to scaffold coaching and support goal-setting through this transition may improve trainees’ self-directed learning and well-being.
Improving Research on Racial Disparities in Access to Medications to Treat Opioid Use Disorders
Authors: Mark Tami L. , Goode La Sonya A. , McMurtrie Gary , Weinstein Lara , Perry Rebecca J. 
Published: January 2023

Objectives
The aims of the study are to review the current research on the association between access to medications for opioid use disorders (MOUD) and race, to identify gaps in research methods, and to propose new approaches to end racialized disparities in access to MOUD.

Methods
We conducted a literature review of English language peer-reviewed published literature from 2010 to 2021 to identify research studies examining the association between race and use of, or access to, MOUD.

Results
We reviewed 21 studies related to access to MOUD for Black and White populations. Of the 21 studies, 16 found that Black individuals had lower use of, or access to, MOUD than White individuals, 2 found the opposite among patients in specialty addiction treatment, 1 found that the difference changed over time, and 2 found that distance to opioid treatment programs was shorter for Black residents than for White residents.

Conclusions
To improve future research, we recommend that researchers (1) be clearer on how race is conceptualized and interpreted; (2) explicitly evaluate the intersection of race and other factors that may influence access such as income, insurance status, and geography; (3) use measures of perceived racism, unconscious bias, and self-identified race; (4) collect narratives to better understand why race is associated with lower MOUD access and identify solutions; and (5) evaluate the effect of policies, programs, and clinical training on reducing racial disparities. A multitude of studies find that Black individuals have lower access to MOUD. Researchers must now identify effective solutions for reducing these disparities.
The Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Interventions on Pain and Disability for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Authors: Shafiee Erfan , MacDermid Joy , Packham Tara , Walton David , Grewal Ruby , Farzad Maryam 
Published: January 2023

Objectives:
To summarize and critically appraise the body of evidence on conservative management of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods:
We conducted a literature search from inception to November 2021 in the following databases: Embase, Medline, CINAHL, Google Scholar, PEDRO, and Psychinfo. Two independent reviewers conducted risk of bias and quality assessment. Qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis were the methods for summarizing the findings of the RCTs. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to rate the overall quality and certainty of the evidence on each treatment outcome.

Result:
Through a database search, 751 records were found, and 33 RCTs were eligible for inclusion. Studies were published between 1995 and 2021. The overall risk of bias for 2 studies was low, 8 studies were unclear, and 23 studies were high.
Low-quality evidence suggests that mirror therapy (as an addition to conventional stroke rehabilitation interventions) and graded motor imagery program (compared with routine rehabilitation interventions) may result in a large improvement in pain and disability up to 6-month follow-up in poststroke CRPS-1 patients. Low-quality evidence suggests that pain exposure therapy and aerobic exercises as an additive treatment to physical therapy interventions may result in a large improvement in pain up to a 6-month follow-up. The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of all other targeted interventions over conventional physical therapy or sham treatments on pain and disability.

Discussion:
There is an ongoing need for high-quality studies to inform conservative management choices in CRPS.