bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil microbiomes in lawns reveal land-use legacy impacts on urban landscapes
Authors: Thompson Grant L. , Bray Natalie , Groffman Peter M. , Kao-Kniffin Jenny 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLand-use change is highly dynamic globally and there is great uncertainty about the effects of land-use legacies on contemporary environmental performance. We used a chronosequence of urban grasslands (lawns) that were converted from agricultural and forested lands from 10 to over 130 years prior to determine if land-use legacy influences components of soil biodiversity and composition over time. We used historical aerial imagery to identify sites in Baltimore County, MD (USA) with agricultural versus forest land-use history. Soil samples were taken from these sites as well as from existing well-studied agricultural and forest sites used as historical references by the National Science Foundation Long-Term Ecological Research (NSF-LTER) Baltimore Ecosystem Study program. We found that the microbiomes in lawns of agricultural origin were similar to those in agricultural reference sites, which suggests that the ecological parameters on lawns and reference agricultural systems are similar in how they influence soil microbial community dynamics. In contrast, lawns that were previously forest showed distinct shifts in soil bacterial composition upon recent conversion but reverted back in composition similar to forest soils as the lawns aged over decades. Soil fungi did not follow similar trends as the bacteria in the previously forested lawns. Our results show that components of bacterial biodiversity and composition are resistant to change in previously forested lawns despite urbanization processes. Therefore land-use legacy, depending on the prior use, is an important factor to consider when examining urban ecological homogenization.
A Systematic Review of Solid Waste Management (SWM) and Artificial Intelligence approach
Authors: Radwan Neyara , Khan Nadeem A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
One of the pressing issues any country faces is managing solid wastes. Traditionally, several methods have been used in the past to manage the increasing quantity of solid waste. However, due to the increase in population, urbanization, and various other reasons, there has been steady growth in solid waste. The general public's cooperation is vital in understanding the extent of solid wastes, their generation, collection, transportation, and disposal of wastes safely. Urban local bodies also play a significant role in managing waste as they are the ones who can formulate a plan as per the data available to them. Infrastructure for managing solid wastes is another prime factor in easy transportation and disposal. There are different conventional methods starting from landfills, incineration, etc., to advanced methodologies. The use of incineration as the primary method of waste disposal is now a major source of health hazards. The present study reviews the important practical methods for solid waste management. The review is categorized into two sections: Conventional methodologies include incineration, thermal to waste energy techniques, bioeconomy, anaerobic digestion and waste valorization and the second section includes advanced methods such as green architecture, web-based geographic interface system, Internet of Things (IoT), optimization techniques, artificial intelligence and blockchain based solid waste management system. The present study also provides an overview of the advanced technologies as a support system for the sustainable management in solid waste. It also discusses the knowledge and awareness to be catered to all sections of people about sustainable solid waste management.
Application Feasibility of Virtual Models and Computational Fluid Dynamics for the Planning and Evaluation of Aortic Repair Surgery for Williams Syndrome
Authors: Liang Jixiang , Fang Xuewei , Li Dianyuan , Pan Guangyu , Zhang Gen , Lu Bingheng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Accurate diagnosis and evaluation of Williams Syndrome (WS) is crucial but difficult for the surgical management and long-term prognosis of patients. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based on virtual surgery can visualize surgical planning and predict postoperative haemodynamics, which helps researchers and surgeons better assess the impact of vascular structure on blood flow patterns. In this study, we conducted a haemodynamic evaluation of cardiovascular disease in WS and used virtual surgery and CFD for surgical guidance and postoperative evaluation. A patient diagnosed with WS was included in the study, and a 3D model and haemodynamic analysis were used to guide and evaluate the operation. Compared with traditional methods, virtual models and CFD make diagnoses from invisible to visible, from nonintuitive to intuitive, and from qualitative to quantitative. In the analysis of haemodynamics, CFD results of predictive surgical models and that of the postoperative surgical models reflect a high degree of consistency. There was a small difference in the circumference between the prediction model and the postoperative model (mean ± SD: 1.17 ± 0.23 mm). The haemodynamics of the aorta significantly improved after the operation. The velocity at the sinotubular junction decreased from 3 m/s before the operation to 1 m/s in the virtual model and 1.1 m/s in the postoperative model, while the maximum time average wall shear stress decreased from 158 Pa before the operation to 25 Pa in the postoperative model. Surgical repair increased the proportion of outlet flow of dAo from 28.7–35.5%. The method of predicting aortic repair surgery for WS through virtual surgery and CFD has been suggested to be accurate and feasible.
Cancer Risk Prediction Regulation Models: Canada Contrasted with the U.S. and the E.U.
Authors: Moreno Palmira Granados , Knoppers Terese , Zawati Ma'n H. , Lang Michael , Knoppers Bartha Maria , Wolfson Michael , Nabi Hermann , Dorval Michel , Simard Jacques , Joly Yann 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Risk prediction models hold great promise to reduce the impact of cancer in society through advanced warning of risk and improved preventative modalities. These models are evolving and becoming more complex, increasingly integrating genetic screening data and polygenic risk scores as well as calculating risk for multiple types of a disease. However, unclear regulatory compliance requirements applicable to these models raise significant legal uncertainty and new questions about the regulation of medical devices. This paper aims to address these novel regulatory questions by presenting an initial assessment of the legal status likely applicable to risk prediction models in Canada, using the CanRisk tool for breast and ovarian cancer as an exemplar. Legal analysis is supplemented with qualitative perspectives from expert stakeholders regarding the accessibility and compliance challenges of the Canadian regulatory framework. While the paper focuses on the Canadian context, it also identifies key aspects of European and U.S. regulations in this domain. Legal analysis and stakeholder perspectives highlight the need to clarify and update the Canadian regulatory framework for Software as a Medical Device as it applies to risk prediction models. Findings demonstrate how normative guidance perceived as convoluted, contradictory or overly burdensome can discourage innovation, compliance, and ultimately, implementation. This contribution aims to initiate discussion about a more optimal legal framework for risk prediction models as they continue to evolve and are increasingly integrated into landscape for public health.
Volatility and heterogeneity of vaccine sentiments means continuous monitoring is needed when measuring message effectiveness
Authors: Leung Kathy , Lin Leesa K , Yom-Tov Elad , Poels Karolien , Lee Kristi , Larson Heidi J , Leung Gabriel M , Wu Joseph T 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
The success of vaccination programs often depends on the effectiveness of the vaccine messages, particularly during emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The current suboptimal uptake of COVID-19 vaccines across many parts of the world highlights the tremendous challenges in overcoming vaccine hesitancy and refusal even in the context of a world-devastating pandemic.
Methods
We conducted a randomized controlled trial in Hong Kong to evaluate the impact of seven vaccine messages on COVID-19 vaccine uptake (with the government slogan as the control). The participants included 127,000 individuals who googled COVID-19-related information during July-October 2021.
Results
The impact of vaccine messages on uptake varied substantially over time and among different groups of users. For example, the message that emphasized the indirect protection of vaccination on family members (i) increased overall uptake by 30% (6-59%) in July but had no effect afterwards for English language users; and (ii) had no effect on overall uptake for Chinese language users throughout the study. Such volatility and heterogeneity in message effectiveness highlight the limitations of one-size-fits-all and static vaccine communication.
Conclusions
Epidemic nowcasting should include real-time monitoring of vaccine hesitancy and message effectiveness, in order to adapt messaging appropriately. This dynamic dimension of surveillance has so far been underinvested.
Trial registration
The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05499299).
β-aminoisobutyric Acid, a Metabolite of BCAA, Activates the AMPK/Nrf-2 Pathway to Prevent Ferroptosis and Ameliorates Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Zhang Ziyue , Li Xingbing , Guo Jingwen , He Bo , Wu Lianpan , Yang Rongpei , Fang Dandong , Yang XiaoLi , Li Xingyue , Yang Donghai , Tang Ming , Han Yu , Wang Hongyong , Zeng Chunyu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury is a serious clinical problem and there is no effective treatment. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is always accompanied with changed branched chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism. Enhancing BCAA metabolism can protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury. We believe that this phenomenon is related to bioactive molecules produced by BCAA metabolism. And, L-β-aminoisobutyric acid (L-BAIBA) is a metabolite of valine, a member of BCAA.
Methods: Adult C57BL/6 mouse were treated with L-BAIBA (150mg/kg/day) in the drinking water for 10 consecutive days before lung L/R injury. Then, lung function indexes including pathology and respiratory function were detected. Potential mechanisms were delineated by molecular biology experiment analysis in A549 cells, including western blot or immunofluorescence staining or biochemical detection and so on.
Results:We find that L-BAIBA can protects lung during I/R injury. Further studies show that L-BAIBA can up-regulate the expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11, thereby inhibit ferroptosis. The regulation of L-BAIBA on the expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11 depends on the Nrf-2 signaling pathway. Interfering Nrf-2 eliminates the protective effect of L-BAIBA. We further find that L-BAIBA regulates Nrf-2 by activating AMPK signaling pathway. Meanwhile, in the presence of compound c, the protective effects of L-BAIBA on lung I/R injury are blocked.
Conclusion:Our study reveals that L-BAIBA can alleviate lung I/R injury by inhibiting ferroptosis, which is an promising therapeutic target candidate.
Reduced bronchoalveolar macrophage phagocytosis and cytotoxic effects after controlled short-term exposure to wood smoke in healthy humans.
Authors: Hansson Alva , Rankin Gregory , Uski Oskari , Friberg Maria , Pourazar Jamshid , Lindgren Robert , García-López Natxo , Boman Christoffer , Sandström Thomas , Behndig Annelie , Muala Ala 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background: Exposure to wood smoke has been shown to contribute to adverse respiratory health effects including airway infections, but the underlying mechanisms are yet unclear. A preceding study failed to confirm any acute inflammation or cell influx in bronchial wash (BW) or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) 24 h after wood smoke exposure but showed unexpected reductions in leukocyte numbers. The present study was performed to investigate responses at an earlier phase, regarding potential development of acute inflammation, as well as indications of cytotoxicity.
Methods: In a double-blind, randomised crossover study, 14 healthy participants were exposed for 2h to filtered air and diluted wood smoke from incomplete wood log combustion in a common wood stove with a mean particulate matter concentration of 409 µg/m3. Bronchoscopy with BW and BAL was performed 6 hours after exposure. Differential cell counts, assessment of DNA-damage and ex vivo analysis of phagocytic function of phagocytosing BAL cells were performed. Wood smoke particles were also collected for in vitro toxicological analyses using bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and alveolar type II cells (A549).
Results: Exposure to wood smoke increased BAL lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p=0.04) and reduced the ex vivo alveolar macrophage phagocytic capacity (p=0.03) and viability (p=0.02) vs. filtered air. BAL eosinophil numbers were increased after woodsmoke (p=0.02), while other cell types were unaffected in BW and BAL. In vitro exposure to wood smoke particles confirmed increased DNA-damage, decreased metabolic activity and cell cycle disturbances.
Conclusions: Exposure to wood smoke from incomplete combustion did not induce any acute airway inflammatory cell influx at 6 hours, apart from eosinophils. However, there were indications of a cytotoxic reaction with increased LDH, reduced cell viability and impaired alveolar macrophage phagocytic capacity. These findings are in accordance with earlier bronchoscopy findings at 24 h and may provide evidence for the increased susceptibility to infections by biomass smoke exposure, reported in population-based studies.
Decline in Iran’s Groundwater Recharge
Authors: Noori Roohollah , Maghrebi Mohsen , Jessen Søren , Bateni Sayed M. , Heggy Essam , Javadi Saman , Nouri Mojtaba , Pistre Severin , Abolfathi Soroush , AghaKouchak Amir 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Groundwater recharge feeds aquifers supplying fresh water to a population over 80 million in Iran – a global hotspot for groundwater depletion. Using a rich database comprising abstractions from about one million groundwater wells, springs and qanats, from 2002 to 2017, here we show a significant decline of around -3.8 mm/yr in the nationwide groundwater recharge primarily caused by unsustainable development. Our results show the annual average amount of nationwide groundwater recharge (i.e., ~40 mm/yr) is more than the reported average annual runoff in Iran (i.e., ~32 mm/yr), suggesting the national surface water resources are seeping into the groundwater basins. Such decline in groundwater recharge could further exacerbate the already dire groundwater depletion situation in Iran with devastating consequences for the country’s natural environment and socio-economic development, locally increasing food prices, and limit exports of agricultural products to neighboring countries that are major oil and gas producers in the world.
Understanding camouflaging, stigma, and mental health for autistic people in Japan
Authors: Oshima Fumiyo , Tamura Masaki , Cage Eilidh , Perry Ella , Hongo Minako , Seto Mikuko , Takahashi Toru , Shimizu Eiji 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background: Camouflaging refers to behaviors in which autistic individuals hide their autistic characteristics and “pass” as non-autistic people. It is postulated that camouflaging is a response to stigma, and preliminary evidence supports this hypothesis. However, there has been limited research on this topic outside of Western countries. This study sought to replicate and extend previous work examining the relationships between camouflaging, stigma, and mental health in Japanese autistic people.
Methods: Two hundred eighty seven autistic people living in Japan completed an online survey on camouflaging, perceived stigma, individualistic and collective strategies, mental wellbeing, anxiety, social anxiety, and depression. We used multiple regression analysis, mediation analyses, and two-sample t-tests to analyze the collected data.
Results: We found that higher camouflaging was predicted by higher perceived stigma and more individualistic and collective strategy use. Camouflaging mediates the association of stigma with depression, anxiety, and social anxiety (but not wellbeing). Furthermore, autistic people in Japan reported lower perceived stigma, camouflaging, wellbeing, and collective strategy use but more individualistic strategies than those in a Western sample.
Conclusion: Our findings support the hypothesis that camouflaging is a response to stigma and can influence the impact of stigma on mental health. There are also cross-cultural differences worth attending to, and more work around supporting positive autistic identity in Japan would be beneficial.
Simplified formulation to evaluate forces due to shrinkage in composite steel- concrete beams with perfect connection
Authors: RAHAL Nacer , Beghdad Houda , Souici Abdelaziz , Zatir Sara , Aouad Halima , Benmahdi Khaled 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

It has been known for a very long time that time-dependent effects such as creep and shrinkage of concrete greatly influence the behavior of composite steel-concrete beams. It is therefore very important to take these effects into account when calculating the strength and safety of composite steel-concrete beams. To this end, many theoretical and numerical researches have been established to control this phenomenon. Most of this research presents laborious processes and calculations requiring complex techniques. To overcome the excessive amount of calculations and the various difficulties associated with analytical or numerical methods to estimate the additional stresses brought by the shrinkage of concrete in composite steel-concrete beams, we thought of proposing a simplified analytical methodology while ensuring safety desired. In this article, we have tried to simplify an existing analytical model based on the theory of linear viscoelasticity established in 2012. This model consists of combining the static equilibrium equations and the two compatibility relations, in curvature and in deformation, of the composite steel-concrete cross-section with the differential equation resulting from creep rate theory (RCM). Our idea then aims to take this model and simplify it to avoid difficult mathematical transformations. The results from this simplified approach are very satisfactory when compared to those given by the analytical model.
Hashimoto thyroiditis interfered with BRAF V600E mutation in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Lu Yilun , Ren Yuezhong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the possibly predictive role of BRAF V600E mutation and thyroid-relevant indexes on papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).Methods1139 patients of PTC were included in this retrospective study. The pathological results, demographic characteristics data, BRAF V600E mutation, and serum examination of thyroid were analyzed by Chi‐square tests and logistic regressions.ResultsThe patients at a high level of thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), or Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) had lower rates of BRAF V600E mutation. Elevated thyroglobulin was associated with a higher rate of macro-carcinoma regardless of the mutation statuses (P<0.001), extrathyroidal invasion (P = 0.026), and lymph node metastases (P = 0.020) in a non-mutation group. The rates of macro-carcinoma and extrathyroidal invasion increased with body mass index (P<0.05). Abnormally high TgAb decreased the occurrence of multiple lesions (P = 0.014). Obesity, smoking, and high thyroglobulin increased the rate of macro-carcinoma (P<0.05), and obesity slightly fostered extrathyroidal invasion (P=0.005). The young and male patients were at elevated risk of lymph node metastases (P<0.001). There was no statistical significance in major features of PTC between the different statuseses of BRAF V600E mutation (P>0.05).ConclusionBRAF V600E mutation and HT interfered with each other in PTC. HT manifested a protective role against the progression of this cancer in the early period, but the mutation didn't impact the features. The tumor load was reflected by thyroglobulin and body mass index.
The regularity properties and blow-up of the solutions for nonlocal Schrodinger equations
Authors: Shakhmurov Veli B. , Shahmurov Rishad 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

The Cauchy problem for convolition type nonlocal linear and nonlinear Schrodinger equations are studied. The equations include the general di¤erential operators. The existence, uniqueness, L p-regularity properties of linear problem and the existence, uniqueness, and blow-up at finite time of the nonlinear problem are obtained. By choosing di¤erential operators including in equations, the regularity properties of a di¤erent type nonlocal Schrodinger equations are studied.
AMS: 35Q55, 35Axx, 35Bxx, 35A05, 35B30
High order explicit energy preserving Lie group method for some Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Sun Jianqiang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

By the nonlinear transformation, some classical Hamiltonian systems can be written as the reformulation systems, which have the quadratic positive definite energy conserving function. These new reformulated systems are transformed into the ordinary differential equations on manifolds by the linear transformation. The explicit Runge-Kutta Munthe-Kaas (RKMK) method, which is a kind of Lie group method, is applied to solve the differential equations on manifolds. Therefore, a explicit energy preserving(EEP) RKMK method is proposed. The EEP-RKMK method is applied to solve the two classical dynamical systems: the pendulum problem and the Hénon-Heiles system. Thus, the explicit energy conserving schemes of the two classical dynamical systems are obtained. Numerical simulations investigate the effective of these new schemes in preserving energy conserving property of these equations and well simulating the dynamical behaviors.
AMS subject classification: 37K05 65M20 65M70