bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of pharmacogenomic and pharmacomicrobiomic data for personalized medicine
Authors: Shamsuzzaman Muhammad , Ahsan Tamim , Rahman Hadisur , Das Keshob Chandra , Salimullah  
Published: March 2023

AbstractAdverse drug reaction (ADR) is quite common and poses a huge medical and economic burden all over the world. Understanding the role of genetic variant and microbes in drug response and using this knowledge in prescribing drugs will help to reduce ADR and improve drug efficacy. We have collected pharmacogenomic and pharmacomicrobiomics data currently available for several drugs. We found both the associated genetic variants and microbes for only five drugs (Fluorouracil, Irinotecan, Methotrexate, Ribavirin, Warfarin). Among them, 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found to be associated with response to fluorouracil, 6 with Ribavirin, 8 with warfarin, 1 with irinotecan, and 3 with methotrexate. Allelic distribution shows significant differences among different populations and African population have lower extent of linkage disequilibrium than non‐Africans. Various microbial species are associated with either increasing or decreasing drug effectivity or toxicity of those drugs. This study indicates a great potential if these two fields are explored more and used in combination for drug therapy.
Evaluation of safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of apixaban in pediatric subjects at risk of venous or arterial thrombotic disorder
Authors: Merali Samira J. , Byon Wonkyung , Patel Yogesh T. , Elsrougy Amira , Marchisin David , Perera Vidya , Chen Weidong , He Bing , Murthy Bindu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractApixaban is an oral small‐molecule, direct factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor approved in adults for treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, and for reducing risk of venous thromboembolism recurrence after initial anticoagulant therapy. This phase I study (NCT01707394) evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PKs), pharmacodynamics (PDs), and safety of apixaban in pediatric subjects (<18 years), enrolled by age group, at risk of venous or arterial thrombotic disorder. A single apixaban dose, targeting adult steady‐state exposure with apixaban 2.5 mg, was administered using two pediatric formulations: 0.1 mg sprinkle capsule (age <28 days); 0.4 mg/ml solution (age 28 days to <18 years; dose range, 1.08–2.19 mg/m2). End points included safety, PKs, and anti‐FXa activity. For PKs/PDs, four to six blood samples were collected ≤26 h postdosing. A population PK model was developed with data from adults and pediatric subjects. Apparent oral clearance (CL/F) included fixed maturation function based on published data. From January 2013 to June 2019, 49 pediatric subjects received apixaban. Most adverse events were mild/moderate, and the most common was pyrexia (n = 4/15). Apixaban CL/F and apparent central volume of distribution increased less than proportionally with body weight. Apixaban CL/F increased with age, reaching adult values in subjects aged 12 to <18 years. Maturation affected CL/F most notably in subjects aged <9 months. Plasma anti‐FXa activity values were linearly related to apixaban concentrations, with no apparent age‐related differences. Pediatric subjects tolerated single apixaban doses well. Study data and population PK model supported phase II/III pediatric trial dose selection.
Preparation of biomass water‐soluble carbon quantum dots and their application in Cr (VI) ions detection
Authors: He Miao , Fu Xijun , Du Guitao , Li Houbin , Zhao Ping Ping , Liu Xinghai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo quickly and quantitatively detect the concentration of harmful Cr6+ in food and packaging, biomass nitrogen‐doped blue fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized by a one‐step hydrothermal method using longan peel. The synthesized biomass CQDs are spherical, and the particle size is distributed between 1 and 6 nm. There are functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups on the surface of the CQDs, which promotes the excellent water dispersibility of the CQDs. CQDs have good fluorescence stability in salt solutions, different pH environments and long‐term storage. A fluorescence sensor for detecting Cr6+ was constructed, based on the specific quenching effect of Cr6+ on the fluorescence of CQDs. There is a good linear relationship between the fluorescence quenching rate of the fluorescence sensor and the Cr6+ concentration of the detected sample. The sensor has a linear range of 20–200 μM and a detection limit of 1.4 μM. In addition, the CQDs fluorescence sensor has an ideal recovery rate in the actual water sample spiked with Cr6+. This research innovatively combined longan and hydrothermal method to prepare a quantitative, fast and wide detection limit Cr6+ sensor.
Emergency management and the final frontier: Preparing local communities for falling space debris
Authors: Louis‐Charles Hans M. , Kalokoh Amidu , Torres Jose , Jamieson Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGlobal dependence on satellite technologies, along with expanding space exploration, and commercial space travel have made rocket launches routine modern‐day events. As a result, there is an increasing probability of civilian casualty from rocket launch anomalies, or from falling space debris already in orbit. This study provides an empirical analysis of local emergency management publicly available guidelines for the risks associated with human‐made space hazards, natural space hazards, and unknown space hazards. A multicase approach is utilized with a document analysis of 391 emergency management documents provided by 512 local jurisdictions across the states of California, Florida, Texas, and Virginia. Descriptive statistics and a QGIS vector spatial analysis is conducted to identify high risk counties in close proximity to rocket launch sites. A logit regression model informs us on the relationship between a county containing a rocket launch site or being in close proximity to a launch site and their likelihood of including falling space hazards in their emergency management documents. A significant number of documents mention falling aircrafts, missiles from tornadoes and weapons of mass destruction. Rocket launch anomalies and falling space debris remain outside the scope or imaginability of local emergency management plans.
Vanadium‐Based Cathodic Materials of Aqueous Zn‐Ion Battery for Superior‐Performance with Prolonged‐Life Cycle
Authors: Saha Protity , Ali Ahmar , Nayem S. M. Abu , Shaheen Shah Syed , Aziz Md. Abdul , Saleh Ahammad A. J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAqueous Zn‐ion battery systems (AZIBs) have emerged as the most dependable solution, as demonstrated by successful systematic growth over the past few years. Cost effectivity, high performance and power density with prolonged life cycle are some major reason of the recent progress in AZIBs. Development of vanadium‐based cathodic materials for AZIBs has appeared widely. This review contains a brief display of the basic facts and history of AZIBs. An insight section on zinc storage mechanism ramifications is given. A detailed discussion is conducted on features of high‐performance and long life‐time cathodes. Such features include design, modifications, electrochemical and cyclic performance, along with stability and zinc storage pathway of vanadium based cathodes from 2018 to 2022. Finally, this review outlines obstacles and opportunities with encouragement for gathering a strong conviction for future advancement in vanadium‐based cathodes for AZIBs.
Hydrochemistry of drinking water sources and water purifiers in relation to epidemiological study in Hisar, North‐West India
Authors: Singh Nirankar , Bala Renu , Poonia Twinkle 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe concern related to the drinking of reverse osmosis (RO) water containing low levels of minerals is growing day by day. This study involves the analysis of water samples from various drinking water sources in a rural site, Mirchpur village, an Indus Valley civilization site (grid location: 29° 18′ 42.3″ N, 76° 10′ 33.0″ E) of Hisar, India, along with the health survey of human subjects. The hydrochemistry of water collected from hand pumps, river canals, tube wells, submersibles, and the RO systems installed in various homes was explored for pH, EC, TH, TDS, turbidity, cations (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+), anions (CO32−, HCO3−, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, F−), and elements (Fe, Pb, Se) employing the ion chromatography, flame photometry, and ICP‐AES techniques. Lead (Pb) and Selenium (Se) were detected in trace amounts (0.30–2.6 μg L−1; 0.10–4.1 μg L−1, respectively) in all the samples, including the samples collected from RO purifiers, but Iron (Fe) was not detected in RO samples even in trace amounts. The F‐levels in hand pump water (HPW) and submersible water (SW) (1.9 and 1.7 mg L−1, respectively) and TDS levels in SW (3048 mg L−1) were found to be above WHO and BIS safe limits. TDS levels in the river canal (900 mg L−1), tube well (1104 mg L−1), hand pump (1170 mg L−1), and submersible samples (3048 mg L−1) were found significantly higher as compared to the RO personal water (ROPW; 216 mg L−1) and RO supply water (ROSW; 90 mg L−1). The collected epidemiological data reveals that 21%, 19%, 13%, and 12% of natives reported skin, kidney, hair fall, liver, and stomach issues, respectively, suspecting the crucial role of high TDS and fluoride levels in the area. This study also provides a comparison between the quality of RO and the direct supply water, along with correlation matrices for different parameters, which gives a rationale for the limitations of drinking direct supply water without any purification and RO water containing low mineral content.
Polyneuropathy and primary erythrocytosis in a cat
Authors: Galer Jack , Ibarrola Patricia , Royaux Emilie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA 22‐month‐old, male, neutered, domestic longhair cat presented with a 2‐month history of progressive paraparesis and severe muscle atrophy; neuromuscular dysfunction was suspected on neurological exam. A manual packed cell volume was 73%, and serial measurements following fluid therapy remained high. Investigations for secondary causes of erythrocytosis were unremarkable, so a diagnosis of primary erythrocytosis was made. Electromyography showed spontaneous activity within all tested muscles of the pelvic limbs. Motor nerve conduction velocity for the sciatic‐tibial nerve was prolonged, and the compound muscle action potential measured at the hip was reduced. Phlebotomy achieved a reduction of the packed cell volume to 52%, and oral hydroxyurea was started. An improvement in the degree of paraparesis was seen 3 weeks after discharge, and this continued until the cat was normal at 4 months. Fluctuations in the packed cell volume necessitated adjustments in hydroxyurea dosage, but no relapse of paraparesis occurred during the 18‐month follow‐up period.
Challenges to global food security: A policy approach to the 2021–2022 food crisis
Authors: Wegren Stephen K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFood crises represent a challenge to global food security because of their recurrence and severity. The world is experiencing its third food crisis in the past 15 years. The 2021–2022 crisis affects more people than the previous two crises in 2007–2008 and 2011–2012. Previous food crises share the common characteristic of bad state actor behavior. In each case, several states enacted trade restrictions or even outright export bans on grain and other food. The impact was to decrease global supplies, put upward pressure on global prices, and worsen the food crisis. Food crises cannot be prevented, but they can be managed better. To deal with future food crises, the paper proposes an international agreement whereby grain exporting nations would not be allowed to enact export bans or to restrict the volume of grain exports.
Factors influencing survival of female eastern wild turkeys in northeastern South Dakota
Authors: Tyl Reina M. , Rota Christopher T. , Lehman Chadwick P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPopulation growth can be sensitive to changes in survival rates for many avian species. Understanding sources of mortality, and how to mitigate negative effects on survival, can give managers insight into factors contributing to population change. Harvest trends of eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) in northeastern South Dakota suggest a decline in abundance. We investigated factors influencing survival of wild turkeys to identify potential factors contributing to the decline. We monitored 122 female wild turkeys using VHF radio transmitters from February 2017 to April 2019. Annual survival was 0.52 (95% CI = 0.33–0.64) for juvenile and 0.49 (95% CI = 0.23–0.63) for adult females, respectively. Daily survival probability was significantly lower during the spring (log‐odds ratio [LOR] = −0.9; 95% CI = −1.5–−0.2) and while a juvenile female was incubating (LOR = −0.67; 95% CI = −1.23–−0.09) but not while an adult female was incubating (LOR = −0.35; 95% CI = −0.92–0.24). Mammalian predation was the leading cause of mortality, and female wild turkeys were most vulnerable to predation during the spring while engaging in nesting and rearing of young broods. Wild turkeys were at risk for additional sources of mortality while incubating nests that were not contributors to mortality during other periods of the year, as deaths caused by haying equipment—the second greatest cause of mortality—only occurred while a female was incubating. Reducing female mortality due to haying, by delaying cutting, installing flushing bars on haying equipment, or increasing availability of suitable nesting cover types to reduce the probability of nesting in hayfields, could improve female survival. Annual survival during our study was about 16–29% lower than survival estimates from northeastern South Dakota during the 1990s, suggesting that reduced female survival could be contributing to the apparent decline in wild turkey abundance.
Transboundary conservation of large carnivores in West Africa: The case of the WAP complex
Authors: Sogbohossou Etotépé A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith the rapid degradation of biodiversity worldwide, protected areas, especially transboundary ones, represent crucial safe places for wildlife. Through the example of lion conservation and research in the WAP ecosystem, spanning between Benin, Burkina Faso and Niger in West Africa, the current synthesis presents the successes and challenges of the management of a transboundary protected area. The lion, a threatened species in West Africa, has its most viable population in the WAP ecosystem. Since almost two decades, the three countries are working to harmonize their efforts to improve the status of the species. Concerted population monitoring is effective with complementarity in law enforcement. Some challenges remain, highlighting the importance of a concerted and integrated management for the successful species conservation and transboundary protected areas management.
Transnational cooperation for effective management of World Heritage Sites in Africa: Case of the biodiversity of the Gourma, Mali
Authors: Sow Nohan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Gourma region of Mali (hereafter ‘the Gourma’) is located in the Sahelian zone; it comprises 18 communes, divided between 3 administrative regions (Mopti, Timbuktu and Gao). In 1959, part of the Gourma region (about 1.25 million hectares) was classified as an ‘Elephant Reserve’ by Law n° 59-53/AL/RS of 30 December 1959. It was inscribed onto the UNESCO Tentative List in August 2017.
The Sangha Trinational: An example of cross-border biodiversity management in Central Africa
Authors: Goué Achile Mengamenya , Kana Romain 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Sangha Tri-National (TNS) is the first cross-border management initiative in Central Africa set up in the aftermath of the Yaoundé Declaration at the Summit of Heads of State held in 1999. It was established on 7 December 2000 through the signing of the Cooperation Agreement between the Governments of the Republic of Cameroon, the Central African Republic and the Republic of Congo. As provided for in this agreement, several specific regulatory texts were subsequently signed by the States Parties to facilitate the implementation of the axes and objectives of cooperation, notably the Memorandum of Understanding on the fight against poaching signed on 28 June 2002, the Memorandum of Understanding on the free movement of TNS personnel signed on 04 February 2005, the Memorandum of Understanding on the organisation and functioning of the Anti-Poaching Brigade (BLAB) signed on 12 November 2009 and more recently in October 2019, the Memoranda of Understanding on the movement of tourists and the tri-national scientific committee.
Eco-Anxiety and the Responses of Ecological Citizenship and Mindfulness
Authors: Bourban Michel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAnxiety has become a defining feature of our time. This chapter investigates a rapidly spreading form of anxiety: eco-anxiety. The chapter begins with a working definition of eco-anxiety focused on three main features: future orientation and uncertainty; fear and insecurity; and paralysis and inaction. This definition also highlights that the distinguishing characteristic of eco-anxiety is its object: severe ecological risks and transcendental dangers. Although eco-anxiety is originally a lucid reaction to these real risks and dangers, and although it remains unclear whether or not eco-anxiety should be categorized as a mental health condition, the chapter then explains that eco-anxiety can be linked with three mental disorders: phobias; generalized anxiety disorder; and post-traumatic stress disorders. The chapter also stresses that three categories of people seem to be more vulnerable to eco-anxiety and its disorders: people directly exposed to ecological disasters; environmental scientists and the researchers and students who draw on their work; and especially children and young people. Finally, the chapter adopts the normative framework of ecological citizenship and a virtue ethics approach focused on mindfulness to propose a possible way to cope with eco-anxiety and its potentially pathological consequences. The objective is not only to better understand eco-anxiety and its effects, but also to find possible ways to live with it.
Multi-scale Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism
Authors: Giampietro Mario 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMuSIASEM provides a set of new narratives about the economic process that responds to the original challenges of the field of Ecological Economics. These alternative narratives can be used to identify and integrate four aspects of sustainability: (i) feasibility – compatibility with external constraints (processes outside of human control); (ii) viability – compatibility with internal constraints (processes under human control), (iii) desirability – compatibility with the stability of the social bonding (affective interactions in societal practices); (iv) security – the level of openness of the metabolic pattern (the extent of externalization of socio-economic and environmental pressures to other countries and ecosystems through imports). To achieve this result, MuSIASEM uses a complexity frame of reference. Starting out from the principles of bioeconomics of Geoergescu-Roegen, it elaborates the concept of metabolic pattern of social-ecological systems to explore the impredicative relations over the characteristics of structural and functional elements across scales and dimensions. Using relational analysis and integrating three different accounting metrics, the analytical toolkit generates a rich information space describing the impredicative entanglement of different attributes of performance across dimensions and scales. Rather than making predictions, MuSIASEM explores the option space of plausible changes based on a series of “what if” questions. This quantitative accounting framework can be applied in diagnostic mode, to identify critical sustainability issues, and in anticipation mode, to identify implausible policies. MuSIASEM thus provides a flexible decision support for multi-level governance while guaranteeing the transparency of the choices made by the analyst.
Flow/Fund Theory and Rural Livelihoods
Authors: Silva-Macher Jose Carlos 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe concept of social metabolism and its relation with ecological distribution conflicts is a key theme in the work of Joan Martinez-Alier and the Barcelona school. It creates a bridge between the fields of ecological economics and political ecology. Following Georgescu-Roegen’s fund-flow theory of economic production, the present chapter has the objective to illustrate with a case study at the commodity frontier of the Andes-Amazon region in Peru, the relation between material flows and ecological distribution conflicts. The systemic and participatory approaches we have adopted can facilitate the prevention of social conflicts. Decision-makers should be aware of different perspectives hold by diverse social groups and their relation with the biophysical reality, and acknowledging them as part of social metabolism studies.
Deceitful Decoupling: Misconceptions of a Persistent Myth
Authors: Sorman Alevgul H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDecoupling has been and continues to be a discourse used to prolong business as usual growth strategies without confronting systemic and behavioural changes. While decoupling narratives have emerged in the past in the form of its close siblings such as the Environmental Kuznets Curve, green economy, eco-efficiency, eco-innovation, and more recently, the circular economy; scholars, especially from the ecological economics community, continue to systematically challenge decoupling both empirically and theoretically. Many meta-studies have concluded that absolute resource, energy, and emissions decoupling, when internalising for trade and consumption in tandem, results in futile. Therefore, institutionalising decoupling for future policy prolongs the misconception of a persistent myth, propagating a deceitful narrative failing to tackle the urgency of the climate crisis. In this chapter, several recent publications and developments are discussed and synthesised from a unique insight with contributions from the Barcelona school of Ecological Economics and Political Ecology. In conclusion, the chapter presents a case for the rejection of decoupling environmental degradation from economic growth and calls for just, inclusive, and biophysically grounded transformative futures
Does the Social Metabolism Drive Environmental Conflicts?
Authors: Scheidel Arnim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIncreases in social metabolism drive environmental conflicts. This proposition, frequently found in the literature on ecological distribution conflicts, has stimulated much research at the interface of ecological economics and political ecology. However, under which conditions is this proposition valid and useful? This chapter briefly reviews the theoretical foundations underlying this proposition and discusses further socio-metabolic properties that may shape the dynamics of environmental conflicts. Furthermore, the chapter relates the socio-metabolic perspective to other ‘grand explanations’ of environmental conflicts, particularly, to the expansion of capitalism under a neo-Marxist perspective. The chapter argues that a socio-metabolic perspective has much to offer to understand some of the structural drivers of environmental conflicts. A socio-metabolic perspective links local environmental conflicts to the resource use profiles of economies as well as to global production and consumption systems, no matter whether these are capitalist societies, resource-intensive planning economies, autocratic monarchies, or illicit resource extractions occurring in the shadow economy. The chapter closes by recalling the need to integrate biophysical and social dynamics in a balanced manner for the nuanced study of environmental conflicts.