bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic Diversification in Cameroon
Authors: Kilolo Jean-Marc M. , Cameron Martin , Pedro Antonio , Mastaki Jean-Luc N. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Despite its rich endowments of natural resources, the Cameroonian economy remains undiversified and vulnerable to exogenous shocks as an exporter of unprocessed primary products. With the ratification of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), the Cameroonian government intends to follow an export-led industrialization strategy. The country ambitions, through its PDI (industrial masterplan), to become the “factory of the new industrial Africa”, starting with the “ECCAS + Nigeria” zone. Examining this industrial ambition through the TRADE-DSM approach, we find that Cameroon has the largest export potential for Food related products and products not prioritized in the PDI, while Cotton –Textile – Manufacturing and Hydrocarbons and Petrochemicals shows the least potential. Besides, within the “ECCAS + Nigeria” zone, the Nigerian market has the largest potential for Cameroonian products, while DRC has the lowest, despite its large population of over 80 million people. In other words, due to lack of infrastructures and logistics, small countries such as Congo, Gabon, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Sao Tome and Principe appear to be better market for Cameroon than DRC. This suggests that due to poor infrastructures, some geographically close markets, such as DRC, are, in real terms, distant from a commercial point of view.
Cameroon
Authors: Sorgho Zakaria 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
During the three past decades, Cameroon has implemented structural reforms to streamline public finance, improve the business environment, economic competitiveness, growth and development. The country counts among the top 10 in sub-Saharan Africa, and aims to be an emerging economy by 2035. Cameroon has great potential. However, there are unresolved challenges related to the governance issues and trade costs, which hinder its development and ability to attract investment and promote trade. This chapter focuses on trade-related issues, in particular the trade facilitation and Central Africa’s regional integration. It begins with a historical review of trade in Cameroon as well as policy reforms achieved by the country’s government. It then analyzes through different statistics the state of the regional integration in Central Africa. Finally, it discusses the trade costs in Cameroon (as well as trade costs within the regional economic groups to which the country belongs) before assessing the impact of implementing the Trade Facilitation Agreement on country trade costs. Results show that Cameroon can substantially reduce its trade costs by reducing time-waiting for customs procedures at its borders and play a stronger leadership role in Central Africa.
Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Analytics in Cameroon
Authors: Fosso Wamba Samuel , Queiroz Maciel M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
With the emergence and unprecedented development of information and communication technologies in recent years, organizations and countries started a race to adopt and benefit from operating as a digitalized economy. Two of the main technologies capturing the attention of decision-makers worldwide are artificial intelligence and big data analytics. Governments, organizations, and universities are challenged to adopt these key technologies. However, there are huge differences between developed, emerging, and lower-middle-income countries towards digital transformation strategies. Thus, in this chapter, we explore the dynamics, drivers, and enablers of Cameroon digitalization, considering AI and BDA's protagonism. Also, we present interesting insights for decision-makers and all interested in this topic for looking forward.
The Political Economy of Contemporary Youth in Cameroon
Authors: Eloundou-Enyegue Parfait , Giroux Sarah C. , Tenikue Michel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper is a conjecture on Cameroon's socioeconomic prospects and trajectory between now (2020) and the mid-point of this century. Gazing into the future is a necessary chore. Any scientist venturing outside the Ivory tower will invariably be invited to join policy efforts to plan the future or, at least, to debate possible scenarios and steer societies away from the least desirable outcomes. While these policy efforts initially sought to plan national growth, they have expanded in scale and scope with new international compacts to advance sustainable development worldwide. Today, African nations must prepare their national development alongside a panoply of goals from the United Nations' SDG and the Africa Union's 2063 agendas. This paper is at once a case study of Cameroon's political economy, a substantive hypothesis, and a methodological tool for forecasting the future of African societies in a context of educational expansion, demographic transition, and economic divergence. Its central thesis is that Cameroon has a real opportunity to turn its current generation of youth into its greatest. Seizing this potential depends on strategic efforts to cultivate and empower this generation along economic, demographic, social, and political spheres.
Cameroon’s Informal Labor Market
Authors: Lemven Wirba Ebenezer , Annif’ Akem Fiennasah , Menjo Baye Francis 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Cameroon’s informal labour market largely harbours female workers, engaged mainly in low-productivity and low-paying jobs. We investigate the sticky-floor - a wider earnings-gap at the top end of the earnings-distribution and glass-ceiling phenomena - a wider earnings-gap at the bottom in the informal labour market as a whole and across its segments. We use the 2010 Cameroon labour market survey and a framework that enables us to account for selectivity bias, resolve the index number problem of the standard decomposition, and examine earnings differentials across the unconditional earnings distribution. We find compelling evidence of a sticky-floor phenomenon in the informal labour market manifested essentially among wage earners. Returns to experience mitigate the gender earnings gap at the mean, and 10th and 50th percentiles of the unconditional earnings distribution. Female workers have an unambiguous human-capital-based advantage over their male counterparts at the mean, lower tail, and median of the distribution.
Cameroon as Part of Central Africa’s Political Economy
Authors: Mehler Andreas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Cameroon’s violent history had an impact on its neighbors just as those neighbors had a generally overlooked impact on Cameroon. Contagion via transnational networks and their dynamics is highly relevant. This contribution also looks into the sub-regional status of dysfunctional institutions, the absence of checks and balances in overly presidential, personalised and undemocratic political systems. Autocratic regimes and coup-makers clearly learned from each other. In fact, the wave of democratization of the 1990s all over the continent did not produce tangible results in Central Africa, despite intense (but short-lived) street mobilization to achieve political rights and civil liberties. Both the impact of a former colonizer (France) and the relative dysfunctionality of sub-regional organizations (above all CEMAC) were additional factors slowing down necessary political and economic reforms: Ordinary Cameroonian citizens (just as citizens of the entire sub-region) saw their objective interests relegated behind selfish interests of ruling families. This contribution serves as a sketch of a joint history of political developments since independence from a subregional perspective
Phenomenology and the Political Philosophy of Hannah Arendt
Authors: Chartouny Lucie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, it is argued that it is because Arendt’s political philosophy is phenomenological that it is so relevant to us: her phenomenological description is more effective than any explanation to make us want to be free again. The author details key aspects of her political philosophy. First, the chapter describes how phenomenological revelation gives the individual gives his/her humanity, and introduces the need to protect both private and public realms. Then, it explains how political experience is the experience of a plurality of beginnings – individual and collective, through the emergence of a political community. This vision of beginnings as an absolute can be seen as an invitation to promote meaningful beginnings at work. Last, it studies how Arendt creates a method for dealing collectively with events through storytelling and the role of truth teller, so that we can continue to begin. This is a way to reunite what happened during a crisis with a truth that can be told; the person of action needs the poet or the historian to transform and complete his/her beginning.
Extending and Discontinuing Phenomenology with Michel Henry
Authors: Faÿ Eric , Deslandes Ghislain 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter is an invitation to discover how Michel Henry’s phenomenology of life, by extending and discontinuing phenomenology of the world, offers new avenues for research in Management and Organization Studies (MOS). The authors begin by exploring the epistemological and ontological implications of Henry’s distinction between phenomena appearing to us in the light of the world and another undisclosed phenomenality: phenomena appearing to us in our affective flesh, in the light of life. Henry therefore suggests not reducing action to behaviours understood by their determinism, but understanding it as one’s possible consent (or refusal) to praxis: freeing one’s power of life, seizing, deploying, and growing one’s abilities with and for others. From there the chapter goes on to illustrate how scholars have begun to introduce Henry’s phenomenology into MOS. Three main intertwined topics emerge from this: his critical reading of contemporary political economy; the question of intersubjectivity in collaborative processes between ‘subjective bodies’ fulfilling social roles and the conditions of the possibility of ethical practice in organizations thanks to affectio societatis; and lastly, the way in which Henryian phenomenology contributes in its own way to the affective turn of MOS. Some directions for future research such as the necessary eco-ontology of life are also outlined.
Foucault and Phenomenology, a Tense and Complex Relationship
Authors: Leclercq-Vandelannoitte Aurélie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In line with observers that have recently reconsidered the relationship between Foucault and phenomenology, this chapter argues that Foucault’s philosophy inevitably falls within the scope of phenomenology, by rediscovering and extending its potentialities (Legrand, 2008). To do justice to the real nature of the relationship between Foucault and phenomenology, this chapter aims to highlight the possible affiliation and peculiar significance that phenomenology has taken in Foucault’s approach, and to show how Foucault extended the potentialities and richness of phenomenology towards a new approach of phenomenology, known as ‘post-phenomenology’. To that end, we consider Foucault’s three main theses (Burrell, 1988) through the prism of phenomenology: we first consider the relationship between the young Foucault and the phenomenology developed by Husserl, in terms of historicity and archaeology; we then analyse Foucault’s relationship with phenomenology through the prism of the historicization of the transcendental, expressed in Foucault’s genealogy of the subject, revealing unexpected resemblances between Foucault’s and Merleau-Ponty’s views; last, we explore Foucault’s reconsideration of the subject, through his developments of the hermeneutics and ethics of the self, revealing an active mode of experimentation largely influenced by Heidegger’s approach, and further inscribing his work in the wake of Ricoeur and Merleau-Ponty.
Between Being and Becoming
Authors: de Vaujany François-Xavier , Aroles Jeremy , Pérezts Mar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
As a conclusion for this edited book, this chapter comes back to three issues: appearances in and beyond organizing, subjectivity and subjectivation, and the future of phenomenologies in Management and Organization Studies (MOS). Potentials for expanding and decentering MOS concepts with and through phenomenological perspectives are discussed in regard to process philosophy, pragmatism, and critical theory. We argue that managerial and organizational phenomenologies and post-phenomenologies could go beyond a unilateral relationship with philosophy as a field. They could become the new ontological or metaphysical ground of organizing. The chapter is an opportunity both to summarize what are seen as key lessons of the experience of this book and to direct our gaze towards such potential avenues for discussion.
Gaston Bachelard and the Phenomenology of the Imagination
Authors: Charbonneau Michèle 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Gaston Bachelard’s phenomenology of the imagination proposes to explore the human values of poetic images. After summarizing Bachelard’s background and work, this chapter presents his conception of the imagination and the phenomenological method he developed to study poetic images. This method proposes to meditate on literary images that deal with the materiality of the world (houses, trees, caves, volcanoes, lakes, etc.), and to explore these images through poetic reveries by activating a formal, material, and dynamic imagination. The chapter then explores the avenues of renewal that Bachelard’s phenomenology of the imagination has brought or could bring to Management and Organizational Studies (MOS) with respect to the themes of creativity, organizational poetics, issues related to the transformation of the material environment of organizations (including ecological issues), methods for exploring the imagination within organizations and research activities, and management education.
“Grey Zones” Between Official and Unofficial Cultures
Authors: Kukulin Ilya 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines “grey zones” existing in the post-Stalinist USSR—special forms of being public that were situated in the gap between sanctioned publication and practices of secret dissemination of texts or underground displays of artworks. Such “grey zones” were most often sanctioned “from above” at the initiative of the authorities or the security services; they could be the secret publication of “anti-Soviet” books or “youth cafes” where it was permitted to read poetry or exhibit pictures without the stern control of the censor. This chapter examines the history of Klub-81—a unique organization of unsanctioned writers created in 1981 in Leningrad under the direct control of the KGB—in some detail. Klub-81’s situation was ambiguous. Not all unsanctioned Leningrad authors joined it. A few writers and artists accused Klub-81 leader Boris Ivanov of collaborationism. At the same time, Ivanov and his like-minded associates (Boris Ostanin, Eduard Shneiderman, and others) insisted on the need to implement their own cultural agenda, primarily concerned with nonconformist art, within the framework of the club. This chapter analyzes the complex combination of cultural and political conditions that allowed this subversive task to be carried out successfully; participation in Klub-81 required ethical compromise, but taken as a whole, the club turned out to be not so much a trap as an “umbrella” for a large group of poets and prose writers in late-Soviet Leningrad.
Raising a Brow
Authors: Gooley Dana 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines Stephen Sondheim’s writings, interviews, and creative output in order to profile his perspective upon the cultural hierarchies within which he worked. Although the Broadway musical, to quote theater historian David Savran, “has for almost a century epitomized the culture called middlebrow,” Sondheim has resisted the stylistic middle from both above and below. His emphasis on dramatic integration and his avoidance of standard song phraseology both suggest a desire to “elevate” the genre, while his embrace of the revue ethos and lower-class subject matter indicate nourishing influences from popular theater. Sondheim’s shows nonetheless belong, institutionally and sociologically, to a middle cultural bandwidth distinct from “high” and “popular” cultures. My analysis of Sondheim’s articulated views highlights the rhetorical strategies by which he maintains some of the genre’s traditional values—sophisticated pleasure, communicative efficacy—while also casting suspicion on those values, thus positioning himself outside them. Sondheim’s oeuvre reflects this balancing act in the way it gauges the level of “difficulty” of the music, in its handling of middle-class characters, and in its treatment of the key affective motif of the Rogers-Hammerstein tradition: “aspiration.” Although Sondheim is often viewed as an author who strove to “elevate” the theater tradition he inherited, thus creating the “upper-middlebrow” musical, this chapter argues that he resisted all such gestures of “elevation” and ultimately approached his work from a highbrow perspective.
Sperm Competition
Authors: Starratt Valerie G. , Shackelford Todd K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Sperm competition is a form of intrasexual competition in which the sperm of two or more males concurrently occupy the reproductive tract of a single female and compete to fertilize an available ovum. As a nonmonogamous species, humans have been subject to selection pressures associated with sperm competition. Consequently, human males have evolved a variety of anatomical, physiological, and psychological adaptations to address associated adaptive problems. Some of these adaptations motivate avoidance of sperm competition by engaging in precopulatory intrasexual competition, which may limit the risk of exposure to sperm competition. Other adaptations promote engagement in sperm competition during copulation or postcopulation and function not by avoiding sperm competition but by increasing the likelihood of winning the competition and siring offspring. For example, men facing a perceived increase in risk of sperm competition are more likely to demonstrate an increased interest in sex with their long-term partner. We summarize previous research on adaptations to sperm competition in humans, and highlight several directions for future research.
Mating in the Digital Age
Authors: Fisher Helen E. , Garcia Justin R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Charles Darwin identified two basic forms of sexual selection: intrasexual selection, in which members of the same sex of a species evolved biobehavioral mechanisms to compete with one another to win mating opportunities with the opposite sex—male–male competition and female–female competition—and intersexual selection in which members of each sex of a species evolved biobehavioral mechanisms to attract members of the opposite sex for the purpose of mating—mate choice. Miller proposed that two aspects of mate choice have evolved in tandem: (1) traits of the display producer that evolved to attract mating partners and (2) traits of the display chooser that evolved to discriminate between specific courtship displays and prefer those of specific display producers. Fisher has proposed that a third mechanism evolved in tandem with hominin mate choice: the brain system for romantic love. Regardless of whom the display chooser chooses, this corresponding neural mechanism provides the focus, motivation, optimism, and energy to pursue this preferred mating partner. This chapter first reviews current data on this mechanism of mate choice, romantic love. Then, using a sample of 39,913 single adult Americans, the chapter discusses four broad temperament dimensions that play a role in mate choice today; and using a sample of 28,128 single Americans, it discusses three biologically based patterns of mate choice associated with these four neural systems. Last, using a national representative sample of 55,000 single adult Americans, the chapter discusses contemporary patterns of mate choice that most likely evolved during hominin evolution.
Beyond Sex
Authors: Schacht Ryan , Uggla Caroline 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Darwin was the first to offer an evolutionary explanation for widespread sex differences in mating strategies across animal taxa. However, initial applications of evolutionary approaches to the study of human behavior were met with resistance. In response, social scientists began systematically applying rigorous evaluations of evolutionarily informed hypotheses by way of testable predictions. Mate choice research was a key area for this early work, focused on demonstrating sex differences in mating behavior. Subsequent research has tempered some earlier conclusions, increasingly relating mating strategies to aspects of socioecology. In particular, the adult sex ratio has emerged as an essential demographic variable contributing to behavioral variability within and between the sexes, leading to frequency-dependent rethinking for the patterning of mating competition and parental investment. Empirical examination of the association between adult sex ratio and aggression, family formation, partnership stability, and risk-taking is a growing field of research cross-cutting various literatures. In this chapter, we first describe early theory motivating research on sex differentiated behavior, followed by recent frequency-dependent reexaminations of sexual selection. Second, we introduce the adult sex ratio as a central determinant of fitness payoffs to differing reproductive strategies. Third, we review empirical studies on the consequences of sex ratio variation, highlighting outcomes related to sociosexuality, family formation, and violence. Fourth, we detail the maturation of the field, and where theoretical and empirical work has unveiled complexities regarding reproductive strategies. Finally, we reflect on future directions, where theoretical refinement is under way or needed, and highlight promising and novel research approaches.
Deception in Human Mating
Authors: Brewer Gayle 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Romantic and sexual relationships form an important part of the social landscape. These relationships are, however, vulnerable to deception with a range of evolutionary relevant consequences for each member of the relationship dyad (e.g., cuckoldry) and relationship (e.g., dissolution). The current chapter details the use of deception at each stage of romantic and sexual relationships. First is the use of deception to attract a partner and assist relationship formation, with particular emphasis on the falsification of sexual history. Reflecting recent mating trends, the chapter also considers the use of deception during online dating. Second, the chapter outlines deception within established relationships, including deceptive affection, pretending orgasm, and infidelity. Throughout, the chapter highlights important differences between men and women.