bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Education and cognitive function among older adults in Brazil and Mexico
Authors: Gonçalves Natalia Gomes , Avila Jaqueline Contrera , Bertola Laiss , Obregón Alejandra Michaels , Ferri Cleusa Pinheiro , Wong Rebeca , Suemoto Claudia Kimie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEducation is protective against cognitive impairment. We used nationally representative data from Mexico and Brazil to assess the association between education and cognitive function. The sample included adults ≥ 50 years from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI) and the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS). Participants were classified as cognitively impaired or not impaired. We used logistic regression models to estimate the association between education and cognitive function. Education level was higher in MHAS than in ELSI. Participants with at least 1 year of education were less likely to have cognitive impairment than those with no formal education in both cohorts. Men in ELSI had higher odds for cognitive impairment compared to men in MHAS. In both cohorts, higher educational level was associated with lower odds of cognitive impairment compared to no formal education. Sex was an effect modifier in MHAS but not in ELSI.HIGHLIGHTS
Cognitive test batteries were harmonized using a regression‐based approach.
Even very low levels of education were associated with reduced odds of cognitive impairment compared to no formal education.
Brazilians were more likely to have cognitive impairment than Mexicans given the same education level.
The differences in the association of education with cognition between Brazil and Mexico were only observed among men.
Nutritional exploration of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) in addressing food security and its utilization trends in food system
Authors: Kalsi Rhythm , Bhasin Jasleen Kaur 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMillets are recognized as nutritional grains that have been important for preventing the malnutrition and significantly enhancing the human health. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is a C4, self pollinating millet species belonging to family Poaceae; acknowledged as Italian millet, Chinese millet or German millet. Being the oldest crops to be cultivated and produced, it is also utilized as a bird feed in African regions of the world. As far as the nutritional content is concerned, it has substantial amounts of carbohydrates (60–65 g), protein (12.3 g), fiber (6 g), minerals (Phosphorous, calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, sodium), and phytochemicals (Phenols, Ferulic, chlorogenic acids, and p‐coumaric, flavonoids, carotenoids, tocopherol, and tocotrienol). Additionally foxtail millet is reported to have anti inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancerous, antihypolipidemic antihyperglycemic properties that may serve well with respect to pharmacological relevance. Apart from the medicinal prospect, its food utilization for making bakery, weaning, fermented as well as extruded goods are studied in the literature. Thus it can be mentioned that foxtail millet has a promising position in strengthening dietary quality and food security of world, thereby functioning as an emissary crop to replenish other economically valuable crops against environmental constraints even while supplying food for people and livestock via biotechnological techniques.
(Not so) powerful allies? Decision makers’ reactions to advantaged group allies in collective action
Authors: Hartwich Lea , Kutlaca Maja , Ksenofontov Inna , Jetten Jolanda , Becker Julia C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDo allies in collective action have a positive impact on political efficacy? Theoretical considerations and common sense might lead us to expect that advantaged group allies will be beneficial to the success of social movements. However, across five experimental studies, with samples from the United States and Germany (three pre‐registered, total N = 696, 48% women, Mage = 38), we find that such involvement does not significantly affect authorities’ reactions to the demands of disadvantaged groups. Decision makers were given information about proposals supported either by only disadvantaged group members or by disadvantaged group members and advantaged group allies. Their support, budget allocations, voting intentions and perceptions of movements and proposals did not differ as a function of this information. However, collective actions including allies did reduce perceptions of intergroup conflict. These results were replicated across different contexts with student and local politicians and with participants acting as parliamentarians in fictional scenarios.
Schadenfreude in the context of opposing vaccination statuses
Authors: Barlett Christopher P. , Meier Brian P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSchadenfreude (experiencing pleasure at others’ misfortune) has been found in a variety of contexts and setting. We sought to determine if it occurred in relation to COVID‐19 vaccination status given the ingroup–outgroup nature of this factor. In three experimental studies, we asked participants to read about a pro‐ or anti‐vaccine physician who reportedly died from COVID‐19 complications. In Study 1 (N = 83 US emerging adults [39.8% male]) fully vaccinated participants experienced more Schadenfreude after reading the story about an unvaccinated (vs. vaccinated) physician. In Study 2 (N = 393 US adults [37.5% male]) we sampled vaccinated and unvaccinated participants who read about the death of a vaccinated or unvaccinated doctor, and results showed higher Schadenfreude when the participants’ vaccination status (e.g., vaccinated) was opposite of the hypothetical physician's (e.g., unvaccinated). Finally, results from Study 3 (N = 797 US adults [49.5% male]), which used a similar procedure to the previous study, replicated Study 2 and also showed that group identification with and perceived morality of the physician mediated the relationship between vaccination status and Schadenfreude.
ADRC‐based control strategy for DC‐link voltage of flywheel energy storage system
Authors: Wei Le , Zhou Ziyu , Wang Bingyu , Fang Fang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe direct current (DC)‐link voltage control of the flywheel energy storage system plays an important role in realizing high‐quality grid connection. With the traditional proportional‐integral control, the DC‐link voltage cannot track its reference value quickly and smoothly when the flywheel energy storage system switches from the charging stage to other working stages. Therefore, a DC‐link voltage control strategy for the flywheel energy storage system based on active disturbance rejection control is proposed in this paper to deal with this issue. The DC‐link voltage and its differential value are considered as the state variables in this strategy. The internal and external disturbances, such as load power, switching loss, and parameter uncertainty, are regarded as an expanded state. By inputting the voltage error and the observed disturbance into the nonlinear state feedback control law, the rapidity and anti‐interference of the DC‐link voltage control are ensured under different States of Charge of the flywheel energy storage system. Then, the coefficient freezing method is used to analyze the effects of the disturbance observation bandwidth by nonlinear gain and pole position changes. The DC‐link voltage can track the reference value over a wider frequency range of disturbances. By configuring the appropriate observer structure parameters, the disturbance observation bandwidth under the nonlinear function gain variation is always higher than the expected bandwidth. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by simulation results at last.
Clinical and virological features of asymptomatic and mild symptomatic patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron infection at Shanghai Fangcang shelter hospital
Authors: Zhang Lin , Kang Xiaoyu , Wang Liangliang , Yan Rui , Pan Yanglin , Wang Jiuping , Chen Zhangqian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate and compare clinical and virological characteristics of asymptomatic and mild symptomatic patients of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Omicron BA.2.2 variant infection and identify risk factors associated with the prolonged viral negative conversion duration.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study in a Shanghai (China) Fangcang shelter hospital from April 9 to May 17, 2022. The patient‐related demographic or clinical data were retrospectively recorded. Comparisons of demographic and clinical characteristics between asymptomatic and mild‐symptomatic patients were performed. Cox regression was performed to identify the risk factors of prolonged viral negative conversion duration.ResultsA total of 551 patients confirmed with SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant infection were enrolled in the study. Of these, 297 patients (53.9%) were asymptomatic and 254 patients (46.1%) had mild symptoms. When comparing the clinical and virological characteristics between the asymptomatic and mild symptomatic groups, several clinical parameters, including age, gender, time to viral clearance from the first positive swab, chronic comorbidities, and vaccination dose did not show statistically significant differences. In mild symptomatic patients, the median viral negative conversion duration (NCD) was 7 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 5–9), which was comparable to the median of 7 days (IQR: 5–10) in asymptomatic patients (p = .943). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that patients age ≥ 60 years had a significantly higher hazard ratio (HR) for prolonged viral NCD (HR: 1.313; 95% confidence interval: 1.014–1.701, p = .039).ConclusionAsymptomatic and symptomatic patients with non‐severe SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron BA.2.2 variant infection have similar clinical features and virological courses. Old age was an independent risk factor for prolonged SARS‐CoV‐2 conversion time.
REVERSE ENGINEERING A SYSTEM USING LIFE‐CYCLE MODELING
Authors: Martin James N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper describes our experiences in reverse engineering portions of a system during the requirements definition phase of a hardware development and production project. The life‐cycle functional analysis process will be described along with the tools and techniques used. The functional analysis was performed for most of the product life cycle from manufacture of piece parts through operation and support. The life‐cycle processes were documented using behavior diagrams, requirements allocation sheets, and interface control documents. Process teams were formed that consisted of process engineers, design engineers, systems engineers, management and customer representatives. The RDD‐100™ Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) tool was used to capture the process diagrams, process constraints, and design requirements, and to produce an interface control document for each of the ten life‐cycle processes.
RCASSE: Rapid Computer‐Aided System of Systems (S2) Engineering
Authors: Eisner Howard , McMillan Ray , Marciniak John , Pragluski William 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper expands system of systems (S2) engineering through the addition of rapid, top‐level engineering, in a computer‐aided environment known as Rapid Computer‐Aided System of Systems Engineering (RCASSE). This process is carried out over a nominal six month period and involves ten steps:
Mission Engineering
Baseline Architecting
Performance Assessment
Specialty Engineering
Interfaces/Compatibility Evaluation
Software Issues/Sizing
Risk Definition/Mitigation
Scheduling
Pre‐Planned Product Improvement
Life Cycle Cost Issue Assessment
Each of these steps is defined and discussed, together with supporting computer tools. Other guiding RCASSE principles and a summary are also provided.
Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 as a probiotic in preterm infants: An updated systematic review with meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Ang Ju Li , Athalye‐Jape Gayatri , Rao Shripada , Bulsara Max , Patole Sanjay 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundOur previous strain‐specific systematic review (SR) showed that Lactobacillus reuteri (LR) DSM 17938 reduces necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), late‐onset sepsis (LOS), and time to full feeds (TFF) in preterm infants. Considering progress in the field over the past 6 years, we aimed to update our SR.MethodsSR of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non‐RCTs was conducted. MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, Cochrane CENTRAL, and gray literature were searched in June 2023. Primary outcomes were TFF, NEC stage ≥II, LOS, and all‐cause mortality. Meta‐analysis was performed using random‐effects model. Certainty of evidence (CoE) was summarized using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was applied for outcome of NEC in RCTs.ResultsTwelve RCTs (n = 2284) and four non‐RCTs (n = 1616) were included. Six RCTs and three non‐RCTs were new. Meta‐analysis of RCTs showed LR significantly reduced TFF (mean difference, −2.70 [95% CI, −4.90 to −1.31] days; P = 0.0001), NEC stage ≥II (risk ratio [RR], 0.57 [95% CI, 0.37–0.87]; P = 0.009; eight RCTs), and LOS (RR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.54–0.97]; P = 0.03); but not mortality (RR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.54–1.06]; P = 0.10). TSA showed diversity‐adjusted required information size (DARIS) as 3624 for NEC. Overall CoE was “very low.” Meta‐analysis of non‐RCTs showed LR reduced NEC (odds ratio, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.15–0.77]; P = 0.01) but not LOS. LR had no adverse effects.ConclusionsVery low CoE suggests that LR DSM 17938 may reduce NEC and LOS and shorten TFF in preterm infants. Additional RCTs are required to confirm our findings.
Dry‐fractionated protein concentrate as egg replacer in sponge cake: how the rheological properties of the batters affect the physical and structural quality of the products
Authors: De Angelis Davide , Latrofa Vittoria , Squeo Giacomo , Pasqualone Antonella , Summo Carmine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDEgg replacement is a notable food trend for academics and industry. Dry‐fractionated protein concentrates (DFp) are minimally processed and sustainable ingredients. DFp from chickpea, red lentil and mung bean, prepared as aqueous dispersions at 20–40% (w/w), were used to replace egg in sponge cakes. To understand the effect of DFp on the physicochemical features of sponge cakes, the batter rheological properties (i.e., flow behavior, frequency‐dependent and temperature‐dependent behaviors) were investigated.RESULTSFrequency sweep revealed a higher storage modulus (G′) than loss modulus (G″), indicating predominantly elastic‐like behavior, dependent on the frequency. Increasing DFp content, especially at 40%, resulted in firmer batters, indicated by elevated apparent viscosity. During temperature sweep, G′ increased starting from 80 °C in all DFp‐based batters, indicating protein and starch conformational changes. Higher DFp content better simulated the egg behavior, affecting specific volume and thickness variation after baking but resulting in harder cakes. Crumb structure was similar to the control, highlighting that DFp can emulate the egg behavior in cake preparation. Protein content in cakes containing 30% DFp was similar to the control. However, the addition of DFp caused an increase in phytic acid. Sensory analysis of sponge cakes revealed differences in crust color, sweetness and legume flavor, with minimal effect on astringency. Chickpea and lentil DFp are suggested as preferred alternatives because of their to milder sensory impact.CONCLUSIONOverall, eggs in cake formulation can be substituted by plant‐based protein produced by dry fractionation. However, further research is essential to evaluate the nutritional characteristics. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Tackling the Root Cause of Surface‐Induced Coagulation: Inhibition of FXII Activation to Mitigate Coagulation Propagation and Prevent Clotting
Authors: Witzdam Lena , Vosberg Berlind , Große‐Berkenbusch Katharina , Stoppelkamp Sandra , Wendel Hans Peter , Rodriguez‐Emmenegger Cesar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFactor XII (FXII) is a zymogen present in blood that tends to adsorb onto the surfaces of blood‐contacting medical devices. Once adsorbed, it becomes activated, initiating a cascade of enzymatic reactions that lead to surface‐induced coagulation. This process is characterized by multiple redundancies, making it extremely challenging to prevent clot formation and preserve the properties of the surface. In this study, a novel modulatory coating system based on C1‐esterase inhibitor (C1INH) functionalized polymer brushes, which effectively regulates the activation of FXII is proposed. Using surface plasmon resonance it is demonstrated that this coating system effectively repels blood plasma proteins, including FXII, while exhibiting high activity against activated FXII and plasma kallikrein under physiological conditions. This unique property enables the modulation of FXII activation without interfering with the overall hemostasis process. Furthermore, through dynamic Chandler loop studies, it is shown that this coating significantly improves the hemocompatibility of polymeric surfaces commonly used in medical devices. By addressing the root cause of contact activation, the synergistic interplay between the antifouling polymer brushes and the modulatory C1INH is expected to lay the foundation to enhance the hemocompatibility of medical device surfaces.
Diamond detectors for dose and instantaneous dose‐rate measurements for ultra‐high dose‐rate scanned helium ion beams
Authors: Tessonnier Thomas , Verona‐Rinati Gianluca , Rank Luisa , Kranzer Rafael , Mairani Andrea , Marinelli Marco 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe possible emergence of the FLASH effect—the sparing of normal tissue while maintaining tumor control—after irradiations at dose‐rates exceeding several tens of Gy per second, has recently spurred a surge of studies attempting to characterize and rationalize the phenomenon. Investigating and reporting the dose and instantaneous dose‐rate of ultra‐high dose‐rate (UHDR) particle radiotherapy beams is crucial for understanding and assessing the FLASH effect, towards pre‐clinical application and quality assurance programs.PurposeThe purpose of the present work is to investigate a novel diamond‐based detector system for dose and instantaneous dose‐rate measurements in UHDR particle beams.MethodsTwo types of diamond detectors, a microDiamond (PTW 60019) and a diamond detector prototype specifically designed for operation in UHDR beams (flashDiamond), and two different readout electronic chains, were investigated for absorbed dose and instantaneous dose‐rate measurements. The detectors were irradiated with a helium beam of 145.7 MeV/u under conventional and UHDR delivery. Dose‐rate delivery records by the monitoring ionization chamber and diamond detectors were studied for single spot irradiations. Dose linearity at 5 cm depth and in‐depth dose response from 2 to 16 cm were investigated for both measurement chains and both detectors in a water tank. Measurements with cylindrical and plane‐parallel ionization chambers as well as Monte‐Carlo simulations were performed for comparisons.ResultsDiamond detectors allowed for recording the temporal structure of the beam, in good agreement with the one obtained by the monitoring ionization chamber. A better time resolution of the order of few μs was observed as compared to the approximately 50 μs of the monitoring ionization chamber. Both diamonds detectors show an excellent linearity response in both delivery modalities. Dose values derived by integrating the measured instantaneous dose‐rates are in very good agreement with the ones obtained by the standard electrometer readings. Bragg peak curves confirmed the consistency of the charge measurements by the two systems.ConclusionsThe proposed novel dosimetric system allows for a detailed investigation of the temporal evolution of UHDR beams. As a result, reliable and accurate determinations of dose and instantaneous dose‐rate are possible, both required for a comprehensive characterization of UHDR beams and relevant for FLASH effect assessment in clinical treatments.
Computation of spectral parameters from time‐domain induced polarization data for mineral identification
Authors: Kumar Indresh , Ramesh Babu V. , Kumar B. V. L. , Dash J. K. , Chaturvedi A. K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInduced polarization (IP) effect is widely used in the search of disseminated minerals all over the world. Spectral parameters computed from time‐domain IP data play a significant role in characterizing the sources, but mineral identification still remains a challenge. In this paper, the Levenberg–Marquardt method of inversion is adopted in estimating the spectral parameters from time‐domain IP data to identify the polarizable sources. The algorithm is tested on synthetic time‐domain IP data for its robustness to variable noise levels. Model sensitivity analyses on synthetic data were also studied with respect to acquisition time and each individual model parameter. Error analyses on extracted parameters indicated that these are well resolved and correlated if the relaxation time is within the range of acquisition time. The parameters remain poorly resolved/unresolved for smaller values of chargeability and frequency dependence. The algorithm has also been tested over known case histories of time‐domain IP data and compared the estimated spectral parameters with those of published results. The inferences drawn from computed spectral parameters on field‐observed IP transients are in good correlation with other data sets and borehole information. The methodology has successfully shown its usefulness in identifying large polarizable sources occurring at shallow levels from time‐domain IP data.
Evaluation of the stress relaxation behavior of poly (L‐lactic acid) self‐expanding braided stents
Authors: Cheng Jie , Zhao Taotao , Li Junjie , Liu Qingwei , Hu Xue , Wang Bin , Wu Gensheng , Ni Zhonghua , Zhao Gutian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStress relaxation of poly (L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) braided stents generated after crimping will significantly influence the radial properties of the stents, due to the viscoelasticity of PLLA. In particular, the environmental temperature and duration in the relaxation process are two vital effects on these radial performances. Thereby, a serious of crimping temperatures and holding durations were adopted in this study to investigate their influence on the radial properties of stents. The radial properties of the stent, including peak compression force, chronic outward force and energy loss, were characterized by radial mechanical tests. Results showed that the stress relaxation rates of PLLA braided stents increased with the increase of the crimp‐holding temperature and time. Specifically, the stress relaxation rates at 25, 37 and 42°C were 22.81%, 28.41% and 36.10% at hold time of 300 s. Moreover, the increase of stress relaxation can reduce chronic outward force of stents, which will furtherly cause complications such as insufficient supporting and the shift of stent and so on. Therefore, decreasing the crimp‐holding temperature and duration of stents is an effective method to reduce the stent stress relaxation. This work provides experimental references for the comprehensive evaluation of mechanical properties of PLLA braided stent in clinical application.