bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowing and Believing Things: What DP-Complementation Can Tell us about the Meaning and Composition of (Factive) Attitudes
Authors: Djärv Kajsa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the Hintikkan tradition, attitude verbs are viewed as relations between individuals and propositions. Previous work on know and believe with Content DPs like the rumour has tended to treat know CP vs. know DP as polysemy. In this paper, I show that polysemy runs into conceptual and empirical problems, and propose instead a new decompositional approach to know-verbs, which avoids polysemy; linking both know DP and know CP to the same lexical root, which describes, broadly speaking, acquaintance. This analysis thus provides an explicit and compositional morpho-semantic link between know DP and know CP that accounts for the interpretation of DPs as objects of acquaintance, and further captures the idea that knowledge, and factivity more broadly, is tied to acquaintance with a situation, the res ( Kratzer 2002, a.o.). Based on detailed examination of the morpho-syntax and interpretation of DP and CP complements of believe, I further show that DPs can either combine with believe in the same fashion as CPs, as a direct object (saturating a propositional argument slot, as in Uegaki 2016), or as an indirect object, via a type of attitudinal applicative (proposed here). The former option is defined for Content DPs and the latter for agentive DPs, so-called Source DPs. Together, these proposals account for the observation that the interpretation of believe DP sentences varies depending on the type of DP (believe the rumour vs. believe the referee), whereas for know-verbs, both types of DPs are interpreted as objects of acquaintance. At the core of the current proposal is the idea that verbs like know and believe differ fundamentally at the level of argument structure and internal morpho-semantic composition, and thus combine with DPs via different routes; contrary to uniform approaches to know and believe. Whereas believe-verbs describe relations to intensional content, and require external licensing mechanisms to combine with DPs, know-verbs describe complex relations, fundamentally anchored in the attitude holder’s acquaintance with (abstract or concrete) individuals in the world, and thus make reference to individuals as part of their argument structure. The current proposal also builds on and adds to previous insights about connections between factivity, DP-complementation, and question-embedding.
Enhanced Scanning Electron Microscopy Using Auto-Optimized Image Restoration With Constrained Least Squares Filter for Nanoscience
Authors: Hwang Junhyeok , Park In-Yong , Jung Min Kyo , Jung Haewon , Ogawa Takashi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe growing demands of nanoscience require the continuous improvement of visualization methods. The imaging performance of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is fundamentally limited by the point spread function of the electron beam and degrades because of noise. This paper proposes an auto-optimization algorithm based on deconvolution for the restoration of SEM images. This algorithm uses a constrained least squares filter and does not dependent on the user's experience or the availability of nondegraded images. The proposed algorithm improved the quality of the SEM images of 10-nm Au nanoparticles, and achieved balance among the sharpness, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and image artifacts. For the SEM image of 100-nm pitched line patterns, the analysis of the spatial frequencies allowed the 2.5-fold improvement of the intensity of 4-nm information, and the noise floor decreased approximately 32 times. Along with the results obtained by the application of the proposed algorithm to images of tungsten disulfide (WS2) flakes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and HeLa cells, the evaluation results confirm that the proposed algorithm can enhance the SEM imaging of nanoscale features that lie close to the microscope's resolution limit.
Microscopic Visualization of Crystal Twinning in Accessory Zircon
Authors: Sturm Robert 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In general, crystal twinning in accessory zircon represents a rare, but in almost all granites and gneisses, encounterable phenomenon. Since only the crystal face {101} occurs as a twin plane, formation of crystal twins turns out to be relatively simple. Besides geniculate twins, which develop by rotation of the crystal structure about the line [101], parallel twins that are arranged parallel to the crystallographic main axis of zircon can also be observed by light and electron microscopy. While geniculate twins usually show a frequency within the region of a permille, the number of parallel twins can rise to several percent depending on the investigated rock. In the present contribution, a brief insight into the microscopic world of zircon twinning is provided.
Neuromeningeal Cryptococcosis and Tuberculosis Coinfection in Bamako: A One-Year Case Series
Authors: Ouedraogo Dramane , Cissoko Yacouba , Soumare Mariam , Alle Akakpo Amavi Essénam , Loua Ouo-Ouo , Konate Issa , Niare Doumbo Safiatou , Dao Sounkalo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Cryptococcosis and tuberculosis are life-threatening opportunistic infections that occur in apparently immunocompetent or severely immunocompromised individuals worldwide. As both infections are strongly linked to HIV infection, they may share certain clinical manifestations, and the interaction of their treatments should be considered. However, despite their similarity, concurrent tuberculosis and cryptococcal infections have rarely been reported in West Africa. Herein, we present 3 cases of neuromeningeal cryptococcosis and lung tuberculosis coinfection collected prospectively over a year at the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Point G Teaching Hospital in Bamako. Two patients had HIV disease, and the third patient had no underlying immunosuppressive illnesses. Thus, active screening for tuberculosis and cryptococcosis, particularly in individuals with HIV, can reduce misdiagnosis and ensure appropriate coinfection management. Moreover, this may reduce mortality due to AIDS-related opportunistic infections in resource-limited settings.
When it comes to sedentary behaviour modification, should people be told what to do? A randomized comparison trial among home-based office workers living in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Hiemstra Madison , Dillon-Rossiter Kirsten , Bartmann Nina , Prapavessis Harry , Rollo Scott , Mitchell Marc 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The effects of adding choice architecture to a theory-based (Health Action Process Approach; HAPA) sedentary intervention remain unknown. To investigate whether choice architecture enhances a theory-based sedentary behaviour reduction intervention in home-based office workers. A 4-week HAPA-based intervention was conducted in London, Canada. Choice architecture was tested as an enhancement via a two (group: ‘Choice of Intervention’ vs. ‘No Choice Intervention’) by two (time: Baseline vs. Week 4) factorial repeated measure randomized comparison design. Sedentary behaviour reduction strategies focussed on obtaining a sedentary break frequency (BF) of every 30–45 min with break durations (BD) of 2–3 min. BF, BD, sitting, standing, and moving time were objectively measured (activPAL4™) at both time points. Participants (n = 148) were 44.9 ± 11.4 years old and 72.3% female. BF and total sitting time showed a time effect (P &lt; .001), where both groups improved over the 4 weeks; there were no significant differences between groups across time. BD, standing, and moving time had a significant group by time effect where the ‘No Choice’ group showed significant increases in BD (P &lt; .001), standing (P = .006), and moving time (P &lt; .001) over the 4 weeks. Augmenting a theory-based intervention with choice architecture resulted in change in some sedentary behaviours in at home office workers. Specifically, while BF increased for all participants, the ‘No Choice’ group exhibited greater changes for BD, standing, and moving time compared with the ‘Choice’ group. Overall, these changes exceeded the intervention BF and BD goals.
A Review of Community Health Worker Interventions for Latinx/o/a Individuals With Unhealthy Alcohol Use
Authors: Carson Mariam , Fernandez Alicia , Martin Marlene 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Unhealthy alcohol use (UAU) affects nearly 1 in 4 Latinx/o/a individuals in the United States (US). Compared with White individuals, Latinx/o/a individuals with UAU face increased morbidity, decreased access to addiction treatment, and higher rates of incarceration. Community health workers (CHWs), also known as promotores, provide culturally and linguistically informed services while augmenting social and health care interventions. Although there is extensive literature evaluating the role of CHW interventions for chronic conditions including hypertension and diabetes, less is known about CHW interventions for UAU in the US. To better understand how CHWs can address UAU in the Latinx/o/a community in the US, we performed a scoping review of the literature for CHW interventions for UAU in the Latinx/o/a population. We reviewed publications up to March 8, 2022, which described CHW interventions for UAU in Latinx/o/a individuals in the US and identified 6 publications that met inclusion criteria after full-text review. These publications included 3 randomized controlled trials, 2 follow-up feasibility and acceptability assessments within the randomized controlled trial intervention group, and a pre-post noncontrolled feasibility study. All interventions were brief, with low-intensity touchpoints between CHWs and patients. None included medications for alcohol use disorder. We found few publications related to CHW-delivered interventions for UAU within the Latinx/o/a population. Given the acceptance and success of CHW-delivered interventions other conditions, as well as the increasing use of CHWs in the US, we need to invest in research that examines the efficacy of the CHWs in UAU.
Association of Labor Neuraxial Analgesia with Maternal Blood Transfusion
Authors: Guglielminotti Jean , Landau Ruth , Daw Jamie , Friedman Alexander M. , Li Guohua 
Published: August 2023

Background
Labor neuraxial analgesia may reduce the odds of postpartum hemorrhage, the leading indication for maternal blood transfusion during childbirth. This study tested the hypothesis that labor neuraxial analgesia is associated with reduced odds of maternal blood transfusion overall.

Methods
U.S. birth certificate data in the Natality File of the National Vital Statistics System for all 50 states from 2015 to 2018 for vaginal and intrapartum cesarean deliveries were analyzed. The exposure was labor neuraxial analgesia. The primary outcome was maternal blood transfusion, recorded on the birth certificate, which has low sensitivity for this outcome. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs of blood transfusion associated with neuraxial analgesia were estimated using propensity score matching. The adjusted odds ratios were estimated overall and according to delivery mode, and treatment effect was compared between vaginal and intrapartum cesarean deliveries using an interaction term. Sensitivity analyses were performed using inverse propensity score weighting and quantitative bias analysis for outcome misclassification.

Results
Of the 12,503,042 deliveries analyzed, 9,479,291 (75.82%) were with neuraxial analgesia, and 42,485 (0.34%) involved maternal blood transfusion. After propensity score matching, the incidence of blood transfusion was 0.30% in women without neuraxial analgesia (7,907 of 2,589,493) and 0.20% in women with neuraxial analgesia (5,225 of 2,589,493), yielding an adjusted odds ratio of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.82 to 0.91) overall. For intrapartum cesarean deliveries, the adjusted odds ratio was 0.55 (95% CI, 0.48 to 0.64), and for vaginal deliveries it was 0.93 (95% CI,. 0.88 to 0.98; P value for the interaction term < 0.001). The results were consistent in the sensitivity analyses, although the quantitative bias analysis demonstrated wide variation in potential effect size point estimates.

Conclusions
Labor neuraxial analgesia may be associated with reduced odds of maternal blood transfusion in intrapartum cesarean deliveries and, to a lesser extent, vaginal deliveries. The specific effect size varies widely by delivery mode and is unclear given the poor sensitivity of the data set for the maternal transfusion primary outcome.

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New
A Split-Face Study to Evaluate Efficacy of Autologous Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin With Microneedling Against Microneedling With Normal Saline (Placebo Control) in Atrophic Acne Scars
Authors: Krishnegowda Ranjitha , Pradhan Shekhar N. , Belgaumkar Vasudha A. 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND
Acne scars cause significant psychosocial stress. Despite a wide armamentarium, there is a constant search for an effective modality. Autologous injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) is a promising novel option in the management of atrophic scars.

OBJECTIVE
To compare efficacy of autologous i-PRF with microneedling against microneedling alone in atrophic acne scars.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A split-face prospective interventional study was conducted on 40 patients with atrophic acne scars. Autologous i-PRF and normal saline were injected into each scar on right (study) and left (control) sides, respectively, followed by microneedling on both sides. Four sessions were performed at monthly intervals with follow-up at 2 months. For assessment, Goodman and Baron (GB) scale, physician subjective score, and patient satisfaction scores were used.

RESULTS
Mean baseline GB grade on each side was 3.45. At 24 weeks, mean GB grade was significantly reduced on the study side (1.47, SD 0.56) than control side (3.33, SD 0.53). Mean patient satisfaction score was significantly higher on the right side (5.95) compared with the left side (5.35). Rolling scars responded the best followed by boxcar and ice-pick scars.

CONCLUSION
Autologous i-PRF and microneedling act synergistically to improve acne scars.
Experimental Study of Warburg Effect in Keloid Nodules: Implication for Downregulation of miR-133b
Authors: Lee Yuumi , Ito Yuko , Taniguchi Kohei , Nuri Takashi , Lee SangWoong , Ueda Koichi 
Published: August 2023

Background:
A keloid is composed of several nodules, which are divided into two zones: the central zone (CZ; a hypoxic region) and the marginal zone (MZ; a normoxic region). Keloid nodules play a key role in energy metabolic activity for continuous growth by increasing in number and total area. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles of the zones in the execution of the Warburg effect and identify which microRNAs regulate this phenomenon in keloid tissue.

Methods:
Eleven keloids from patients were used. Using immunohistochemical analysis, 179 nodules were randomly chosen from these keloids to identify glycolytic enzymes, autophagic markers, pyruvate kinase M (PKM) 1/2, and polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1). Western blot and qRT-PCR tests were also performed for PKM, PTBP1, and microRNAs (miR-133b and miR-200b, c).

Results:
Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression of the autophagic (LC3, p62) and glycolytic (GLUT1, HK2) were significantly higher in the CZ than in the MZ. PKM2 expression was significantly higher than PKM1 expression in keloid nodules. Furthermore, PKM2 expression was higher in the CZ than in the MZ. However, PKM1 and PTBP1 expression levels were higher in the MZ than in the CZ. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that miR-133b-3p was moderately downregulated in the keloids compared with its expression in the normal skin tissue.

Conclusions:
The Warburg effect occurred individually in nodules. The MZ presented PKM2-positive fibroblasts produced by activated PTBP1. In the CZ, PKM2-positive fibroblasts produced lactate. MiR-133b-3p was predicted to control the Warburg effect in keloids.
Combined Dynamic Osteotomies for Craniosynostosis
Authors: Cardim Vera Lúcia N. , Peres Geórgia M.C. , Silva Alessandra dos S. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
In primary craniosynostosis, the premature fusion of one or more sutures prevents the perpendicular expansion of brain tissue (primary defect). Providing space for the brain to expand, the compensatory growth of unaffected sutures causes progressive skull deformation (secondary defect). Understanding the need to treat the osteogenic matrix responsible for the cranial vault’s shape was essential to develop a novel surgical concept known as dynamic osteotomy. It uses springs to activate stenotic sutures and trigger dura-mater distension while flexibilizing compensatory osseous defects via helicoid osteotomy (nautilus technique), allowing for efficient bone expansion and remodeling in craniosynostosis.

Method:
This case series describes patients with craniosynostosis treated with dynamic osteotomy utilizing structural transformation inductors such as springs and helicoid osteotomy (nautilus technique), operated on between July 2004 and January 2020 at a single center in Brazil.

Result:
Dynamic osteotomy longitudinally achieved stable osseous remodeling during growth period while maintaining good vitality and continuity of the osteotomized cranial vault.

Conclusion:
Dynamic osteotomy utilizing springs and nautilus technique, alone or in combination, is a successful treatment of craniosynostosis regardless of patient’s age.
Fasciocutaneous Free Tissue Transfer in Limb Salvage: Prior Flap as a Split-thickness Skin Graft Donor Site
Authors: Kaiser Dominik , Levin Lawrence Scott 
Published: August 2023

Summary:
Free flap surgery for limb salvage has become the surgical standard for reconstruction of bone and soft tissue with success rates and flap survivals of 94%–95%. The soft tissue defect dictates the technique of coverage. In many cases, multiple techniques of soft tissue coverage are necessary, ranging from myocutaneous and fasciocutaneous free flaps to split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs). It has been shown that fasciocutaneous free flaps are not inferior to muscle flaps in treatment of lower leg limb salvage. Although a complete flap loss is rare, it is not uncommon to have partial flap necrosis, wound dehiscence, or secondary soft tissue defects, necessitating further minor reconstruction, which we call “touch up” skin grafts. In many of these secondary procedures, split thickness skin grafts are sufficient. We have been using the skin portion of the fasciocutaneous free flap as a donor site for harvesting STSGs for quite some time without disadvantages. We believe that minimizing additional donor site morbidity is of great importance. The free tissue transfer is insensate and readily available at the site of injury, making prepping and draping simple as well as cosmetically acceptable, as the transferred free tissue, unfortunately, is rarely a perfect fit. The associated pain, discomfort, and scar of an additional donor site can be avoided. In our case series, we did not experience any flap loss, infections, or complications. Thus, harvesting an STSG from a fasciocutaneous free flap seems to be a feasible option to be considered in limb salvage.
Multicentric Study on the Relation between Perceived Department Radiation Shielding Policies and Staff Radiation Shielding Conscientiousness
Authors: Kellens Pieter-Jan , Soenens Gilles , Van Herzeele Isabelle , McWilliams Richard , Chan Tze Yuan , Fisher Robert , Bacher Klaus , Vlerick Peter 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Personal protective equipment (PPE), including personal garments as well as in-room devices, is crucial to minimize ionizing radiation exposure during fluoroscopy-guided procedures. However, recent studies have highlighted a lack of knowledge and awareness between and within departments about the use and risks of ionizing radiation and radiation safety. Employees differ in their conscientiousness regarding PPE and perceive the program regarding PPE differently. It has been shown that being conscientious about safety precedes safety behavior and can be triggered through increased perception of the present safety policy. This study explores the relation between employees’ perception of the PPE program and their PPE conscientiousness. Employees from interventional cardiology (IC), interventional radiology (IR), and vascular surgery (VS) were invited to complete anonymously a self-administered online survey assessing the perceived PPE program, their own PPE conscientiousness, and demographics. Associations between PPE program and PPE conscientiousness were investigated using forward stepwise regression on a significance level of 5%. Study variables were standardized. Sixty-one out of the 72 (84.7%) participants answered the survey fully. The PPE program was positively associated with PPE conscientiousness [

=0.32 (CI: 0.02 to 0.51)]. This association was found to be department-dependent (p-value < 0.001). Significant mean differences in PPE conscientiousness were found between IC and IR and between IC and VS, respectively [

=1.25 (CI: 0.69 to 1.82)] and [

=0.63 (CI: 0.06 to 1.20)]. This study is the first to investigate the relation between the perceived PPE program and employees’ PPE conscientiousness. The positive association between PPE program and PPE conscientiousness suggests that employees’ perception of the prevailing PPE program in their department might influence their PPE conscientiousness. Therefore, policy makers are recommended to not only improve their PPE program but also enhance employees’ perception of the reigning PPE program in order to foster their radiation shielding behavior.
Teaching Provider Wellness and Physician Assistant Student Well-Being
Authors: Banning Adrian , Coplan Bettie , LeVasseur Michael T. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this novel study was to determine whether any association exists between student well-being and physician assistant (PA) program approaches to teaching provider health and well-being (provider wellness).

Methods
Data were sourced from 3 PA Education Association surveys. Data from the 2019 Matriculating Student and End of Program Surveys (EOPS) were analyzed to compare student-reported well-being across 6 measures. Next, data from the 2019 Didactic Curriculum Survey were assessed and matched to the 2019 EOPS data. Finally, generalized estimating equation models were used to assess the independent effects of course structure, mode of instruction, and contact hours on well-being scores among end-of-program students (within one month of graduation).

Results
While levels of well-being were generally favorable, except for “level of social activity” (P = .20), across measures, graduating student levels of well-being (P < .05) were statistically significantly lower than matriculating student levels of well-being. No associations were found between levels of student well-being and whether programs reported teaching or not teaching provider wellness. Some aspects of instruction (eg, contact hours) were inconsistently associated with various well-being measures.

Conclusion
In this study, no consistent associations between approaches to teaching provider wellness and various measures of student well-being were identified. Further research is needed to determine what approaches to promoting wellness are effective.