bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraints on Z′ solutions to the flavor anomalies with trans-Planckian asymptotic safety
Authors: Chikkaballi Abhishek , Kotlarski Wojciech , Kowalska Kamila , Rizzo Daniele , Sessolo Enrico Maria 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Motivated by the flavor anomalies in b → s transitions, we embed minimal models with a Z′ gauge boson, vector-like fermions, and a singlet scalar in the framework of trans-Planckian asymptotic safety. The presence of a fixed point in the renormalization group flow of the models’ parameters leads to predictions for the γ/Z′ kinetic mixing, the New Physics Yukawa couplings, and the quartic couplings of the scalar potential. We derive the constraint on the kinetic mixing from the most recent high-mass dilepton resonance searches at the LHC, showing that this bound is often inescapable in this framework, unless the U(1) charges conspire to forbid the radiative generation of kinetic mixing. In the latter case, the parameter space consistent with the flavor anomalies can still be probed in depth by direct LHC searches for heavy vector-like quarks and leptons. We derive the current exclusion bounds and projections for future high-luminosity runs.
Back to heterotic strings on ALE spaces. Part I. Instantons, 2-groups and T-duality
Authors: Del Zotto Michele , Liu Muyang , Oehlmann Paul-Konstantin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper we begin revisiting the little string theories (LSTs) which govern the dynamics of the instantonic heterotic E8 × E8 five-branes probing ALE singularities, building on and extending previous results on the subject by Aspinwall and Morrison as well as Blum and Intriligator. Our focus are the cases corresponding to choices of non-trivial flat connections at infinity. The latter are in particular interesting for the exceptional ALE singularities, where a brane realization in Type I′ is lacking. Our approach to determine these models is based on 6d conformal matter: we determine these theories as generalized 6d quivers. All these LSTs have a higher-one form symmetry which forms a 2-group with the zero-form Poincaré symmetry, the R-symmetry and the other global symmetries: the matching of the R-symmetry two-group structure constant is a stringent constraint for T-dualities, which we use in combination with the matching of 5d Coulomb branches and flavor symmetries upon circle reduction, as a consistency check for the realization of the 6d LSTs we propose.
A novel solution to the gravitino problem
Authors: Qiu Yu-Cheng , Tye S.-H. Henry 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In a general phenomenological model with local supersymmetry, the amount of massive gravitinos produced in early universe tends to violate the known dark matter density bound by many orders of magnitude. In the brane world scenario in Type IIB string theory, we propose a novel way to evade this problem. There, the standard model of strong and electroweak interactions live inside the anti-D3-branes ($$ \overline{\textrm{D}3} $$

D
3

¯

-branes) that span the 3 large spatial dimensions. Here, the “potential” Goldstino to be absorbed by the gravitino (to become massive) is the fermion component of the open string nilpotent superfield X (i.e., X2 = 0) which is present only inside the $$ \overline{\textrm{D}3} $$

D
3

¯

-branes. This non-linear supergravity scenario offers 2 ways to solve the gravitino problem, with very different particle physics phenomenologies: (1) To satisfy the necessary condition for a naturally small cosmological constant Λ, the supersymmetry breaking $$ \overline{\textrm{D}3} $$

D
3

¯

-branes tension is precisely cancelled by the Higgs spontaneous symmetry breaking effect, so the gravitino is ultra-light and its contribution to the dark matter density is negligible. If exist, the super-particles should have already been detected in experiments. To avoid contradiction with their non-observation, X is applied to project out all the “R-parity odd” fields. Consequently, this non-linear supergravity model is almost identical to the standard model. (2) As an alternative, one can have a massive gravitino (e.g., $$ {\hat{m}}_{3/2} $$

m
̂

3
/
2

> 100 GeV) due to the supersymmetry breaking tension of the $$ \overline{\textrm{D}3} $$

D
3

¯

-branes. Here, the super-particles can be heavy enough to have avoided detection so far. Since the open string Goldstino exists only inside the $$ \overline{\textrm{D}3} $$

D
3

¯

-branes, the gravitino is heavy only inside the $$ \overline{\textrm{D}3} $$

D
3

¯

-branes, but massless or ultra-light outside the $$ \overline{\textrm{D}3} $$

D
3

¯

-branes. This means that the gravitinos will be pushed out of the $$ \overline{\textrm{D}3} $$

D
3

¯

-branes to the extra dimensions in the bulk, a phenomenon analogous to the Meissner effect for the massive photons inside super-conductors but massless outside. As a result, the massive gravitinos will be depleted so the gravitino problem is absent. In this case, a fine-tuning is necessary to obtain the very small observed Λobs.
Assessment of jugular bulb variability based on 3D surface models: quantitative measurements and surgical implications
Authors: Juelke Eirik , Butzer Tobias , Yacoub Abraam , Wimmer Wilhelm , Caversaccio Marco , Anschuetz Lukas 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
High-riding jugular bulbs (JBs) among other anatomical variations can limit surgical access during lateral skull base surgery or middle ear surgery and must be carefully assessed preoperatively. We reconstruct 3D surface models to evaluate recent JB classification systems and assess the variability in the JB and surrounding structures.

Methods
3D surface models were reconstructed from 46 temporal bones from computed tomography scans. Two independent raters visually assessed the height of the JB in the 3D models. Distances between the round window and the JB dome were measured to evaluate the spacing of this area. Additional distances between landmarks on surrounding structures were measured and statistically analyzed to describe the anatomical variability between and within subjects.

Results
The visual classification revealed that 30% of the specimens had no JB, 63% a low JB, and 7% a high-riding JB. The measured mean distance from the round window to the jugular bulb ranges between 3.22 ± 0.97 mm and 10.34 ± 1.41 mm. The distance measurement (error rate 5%) was more accurate than the visual classification (error rate 15%). The variability of the JB was higher than for the surrounding structures. No systematic laterality was found for any structure.

Conclusion
Qualitative analysis in 3D models can contribute to a better spatial orientation in the lateral skull base and, thereby, have important implications during planning of middle ear and lateral skull base surgery.
Implementation of artificial intelligence in thoracic imaging—a what, how, and why guide from the European Society of Thoracic Imaging (ESTI)
Authors: Gleeson Fergus , Revel Marie-Pierre , Biederer Jürgen , Larici Anna Rita , Martini Katharina , Frauenfelder Thomas , Screaton Nicholas , Prosch Helmut , Snoeckx Annemiek , Sverzellati Nicola , Ghaye Benoit , Parkar Anagha P. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This statement from the European Society of Thoracic imaging (ESTI) explains and summarises the essentials for understanding and implementing Artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical practice in thoracic radiology departments. This document discusses the current AI scientific evidence in thoracic imaging, its potential clinical utility, implementation and costs, training requirements and validation, its’ effect on the training of new radiologists, post-implementation issues, and medico-legal and ethical issues. All these issues have to be addressed and overcome, for AI to become implemented clinically in thoracic radiology.

Key Points
• Assessing the datasets used for training and validation of the AI system is essential.
• A departmental strategy and business plan which includes continuing quality assurance of AI system and a sustainable financial plan is important for successful implementation.
• Awareness of the negative effect on training of new radiologists is vital.
A Monte Carlo permutation procedure for testing variance components using robust estimation methods
Authors: El-Horbaty Yahia S. , Hanafy Eman M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPermutation methods offer an acceptable and convenient tool for inferring zero variance components in linear mixed models using the likelihood ratio test. However, when data exhibit heavy-tailed distribution, heavy-skewed distribution or outliers, maximum likelihood estimation may not be the best choice in constructing useful test statistics. In this article, we propose the use of robust rank-based estimation as an alternative. The finite sample distribution of our test statistic is well approximated using suitable permutations of the cluster indices that are exchangeable when the null hypothesis is true. Empirical results, comparing the new test to existing tests, indicate that all tests maintain acceptable Type I error rates when data exhibit heavy-tailed or heavy-skewed distributions. However, only our new test remains robust against the presence of outlier in the response space. Besides, it is only the latter case where other tests could show a competing power to our test. Otherwise, the new test is superior with an outstanding power under the remaining settings.
Automated localization of the medial clavicular epiphyseal cartilages using an object detection network: a step towards deep learning-based forensic age assessment
Authors: Wesp Philipp , Sabel Bastian Oliver , Mittermeier Andreas , Stüber Anna Theresa , Jeblick Katharina , Schinke Patrick , Mühlmann Marc , Fischer Florian , Penning Randolph , Ricke Jens , Ingrisch Michael , Schachtner Balthasar Maria 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Deep learning is a promising technique to improve radiological age assessment. However, expensive manual annotation by experts poses a bottleneck for creating large datasets to appropriately train deep neural networks. We propose an object detection approach to automatically annotate the medial clavicular epiphyseal cartilages in computed tomography (CT) scans.

Methods
The sternoclavicular joints were selected as structure-of-interest (SOI) in chest CT scans and served as an easy-to-identify proxy for the actual medial clavicular epiphyseal cartilages. CT slices containing the SOI were manually annotated with bounding boxes around the SOI. All slices in the training set were used to train the object detection network RetinaNet. Afterwards, the network was applied individually to all slices of the test scans for SOI detection. Bounding box and slice position of the detection with the highest classification score were used as the location estimate for the medial clavicular epiphyseal cartilages inside the CT scan.

Results
From 100 CT scans of 82 patients, 29,656 slices were used for training and 30,846 slices from 110 CT scans of 110 different patients for testing the object detection network. The location estimate from the deep learning approach for the SOI was in a correct slice in 97/110 (88%), misplaced by one slice in 5/110 (5%), and missing in 8/110 (7%) test scans. No estimate was misplaced by more than one slice.

Conclusions
We demonstrated a robust automated approach for annotating the medial clavicular epiphyseal cartilages. This enables training and testing of deep neural networks for age assessment.
Predictors of mortality of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia among patients hospitalized in a Swiss University Hospital and the role of early source control; a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Papadimitriou-Olivgeris Matthaios , Caruana Giorgia , Senn Laurence , Guery Benoit 
Published: February 2023

AbstractS. aureus bacteremia is associated with high mortality. The aim was to identify predictors of mortality among patients with S. aureus bacteremia and evaluate the role of early source control. This retrospective study was conducted at the Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland. All episodes of S. aureus bacteremia among adult patients from 2015 to 2021 were included. During the study period, 839 episodes of S. aureus bacteremia were included, of which 7.9% were due to methicillin-resistant isolates. Bacteremias were related to bone or joint infections (268; 31.9%), followed by bacteremia of unknown origin (158; 18.8%), proven endocarditis (118; 14.1%) and lower-respiratory tract infections (79; 9.4%). Overall 28-day mortality was 14.5%. Cox multivariate regression model showed that Charlson comorbidity index > 5 (P < 0.001), nosocomial bacteremia (P 0.019), time to blood culture positivity ≤ 13 h (P 0.004), persistent bacteremia for ≥ 48 h (P 0.004), sepsis (P < 0.001), bacteremia of unknown origin (P 0.036) and lower respiratory tract infection (P < 0.001) were associated with 28-day mortality, while infectious diseases consultation within 48 h from infection onset (P < 0.001) was associated with better survival. Source control was warranted in 575 episodes and performed in 345 episodes (60.0%) within 48 h from infection onset. Results from a second multivariate analysis confirmed that early source control (P < 0.001) was associated with better survival. Mortality among patients with S. aureus bacteremia was high and early source control was a key determinant of outcome. Infectious diseases consultation within 48 h played an important role in reducing mortality.
Examining the relationship between health literacy and individual and sociodemographic factors in secondary school students
Authors: Pendl Dominik , Maitz Katharina Maria , Gasteiger-Klicpera Barbara 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Aim
Health literacy (HL) is an important factor in health promotion, especially regarding children and adolescents. The present study aims to identify the individual and sociodemographic factors related to secondary school students’ HL. This should make it possible to find specific strategies to improve HL.

Subject and methods
Data on the sociodemographic background (migrant background, number of books at home and spoken language at home), self-efficacy, online reading behaviour, subjective HL (adapted version of the European Health Literacy [HLS-EU] questionnaire) and the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) of 544 Austrian secondary school students (age 11–16, 46% girls) were collected. Regression analyses were conducted to test the hypotheses regarding those factors which influence students’ subjective HL and eHL.

Results
Students subjective HL (M = 3.79, SD = .63) and eHL (M = 3.46, SD = .77) scores were rather high on average. Subjective HL was predicted by age, gender and online reading behaviour. However, only students’ online reading behaviour was highly significant and was found to be the most influential predictor of subjective HL. Age and online reading behaviour were also found to be highly significant predictors regarding eHL.

Conclusion
Students’ online reading behaviour and age are important factors linked to HL. Educational activities may serve to reduce health inequalities by fostering relevant internet skills, i.e. the skills needed to facilitate effective and critical use of internet information.
Continuous production of cellulose mixed esters via homogeneous reactive twin-screw extrusion catalyzed by ionic liquid
Authors: Hernandez Stephanie C. , Milotskyi Romain , Takagi Shohei , Ito Elisabeth R. D. , Suzuki Shiori , Wada Naoki , Takahashi Kenji 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCellulose mixed esters (CMEs) substituted with two different types of acyl groups are promising polymeric materials with various tunable properties but are arduous to produce. This is because of the insolubility of cellulose in common solvents, and thus, the industrial production of CMEs with desired degrees of substitution (DSs) requires a costly multistep process. To accomplish their facile production, homogeneous reactions have been performed using ionic liquids (ILs) as solvents for cellulose. However, the high viscosity of the cellulose-IL solutions causes insufficient mixing in batch reactors; thereby, favoring low cellulose concentrations with long reaction times (typically hours). Herein, we demonstrate a rapid and scalable production of CMEs by exploiting the excellent shear mixing of a twin-screw extruder as a flow reactor. A co-solvent system comprising an IL, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, and dimethyl sulfoxide was applied to dissolve cellulose at a high concentration (15 wt.%) via twin-screw extrusion. During continuous extrusion at 80 °C, cellulose reacted with two acyl reagents, isopropenyl acetate (IPAc) and vinyl propionate (VPr) (2.5:0.5, mol/mol), to yield cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) within minutes. The CAP was stably produced during the operation time of 50 min with an average isolated yield of 71%. The DSs of the acetyl and propionyl groups of CAP were 1.77 and 0.50, respectively, corresponding to sufficiently high conversion rates of 70% for IPAc and 100% for VPr.
The Methods Behind Poincaré’s Conventions: Structuralism and Hypothetical-Deductivism
Authors: de Paz María 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPoincaré’s conventionalism has been interpreted in many writings as a philosophical position emerged by reflection on certain scientific problems, such as the applicability of geometry to physical space or the status of certain scientific principles. In this paper I would like to consider conventionalism as a philosophical position that emerged from Poincaré’s scientific practice. But not so much from dealing with scientific problems, as from the use of two specific methodologies proper to modern mathematics and the modern natural sciences: methodological structuralism and the hypothetical-deductive method—thus, as a philosophical position which emerged from a way (or rather, two ways) ofdoingscience. With this approach, I try to deepen the analysis of connections between Poincaré’s scientific practice and his philosophy.
That’s It! Hyperintensional Total Logic
Authors: Krämer Stephan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCall a truth complete with respect to a subject matter if it entails every truth about that subject matter. One attractive way to formulate a complete truth is to state all the relevant positive truths, and then add: and that’s it. When the subject matters under consideration are non-contingent, a non-trivial conception of completeness must invoke a hyperintensional conception of entailment, and of the completion operation denoted by ‘that’s it’. This paper develops two complementary hyperintensional conceptions of completion using the framework of truthmaker semantics and determines the resulting logics of totality.
An overview of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning against ischemic stroke
Authors: Wu Xuyi , You Jiuhong , Chen Xinxin , Zhou Mei , Ma Hui , Zhang Tianle , Huang Cheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIschemic stroke (IS) has become the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the prevention of IS should be given high priority. Recent studies have indicated that hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning (HBO-PC) may be a protective nonpharmacological method, but its underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. This study comprehensively reviewed the pathophysiology of IS and revealed the underlying mechanism of HBO-PC in protection against IS. The preventive effects of HBO-PC against IS may include inducing antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis capacity; activating autophagy and immune responses; upregulating heat shock proteins, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, and erythropoietin; and exerting protective effects upon the blood-brain barrier. In addition, HBO-PC may be considered a safe and effective method to prevent IS in combination with stem cell therapy. Although the benefits of HBO-PC on IS have been widely observed in recent research, the implementation of this technique is still controversial due to regimen differences. Transferring the results to clinical application needs to be taken carefully, and screening for the optimal regimen would be a daunting task. In addition, whether we should prescribe an individualized preconditioning regimen to each stroke patient needs further exploration.
Digestibility of Protein and Iron Availability from Enriched Legume Sprouts
Authors: Zielińska-Dawidziak Magdalena , Białas Wojciech , Piasecka-Kwiatkowska Dorota , Staniek Halina , Niedzielski Przemysław 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPlant ferritin is suggested as a good source of iron for human. Usually present in trace amounts, it was induced in legumes seeds by their sprouting in FeSO4 solution. Fortified sprouts were digested in the in vitro model of the human gastrointestinal tract. ~49% of lupine and ~ 45% of soy proteins were extracted into gastric fluid and next ~ 12% and only ~ 1% into intestine fluid from lupine and soybean, respectively. Gastric digestion released mainly ferrous iron (~ 85% from lupine and ~ 95% in soybean sprouts). Complexed iron constituted ~ 43% of total iron in intestine after lupine digestion and ~ 55% after soybean digestion. Intestine digestion doubled the total iron released from lupine sprouts (from ~ 21% up to 38%), while in soybean it increased from ~ 16% up to ~ 23%. Ferritin presence was confirmed by the specific antibodies in digestive fluids, but it is only partially extracted from sprouts during in vitro digestion.
Price Competition in a Vertizontally Differentiated Duopoly
Authors: Bos Iwan , Peeters Ronald 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper develops a price competition duopoly model in which products are both horizontally and vertically differentiated. Firms each offer a standard and a premium product to buyers—some of whom are brand loyal. We establish the existence of a unique and symmetric competitive pricing equilibrium. Equilibrium prices are increasing in the degree of horizontal differentiation and the number of brand-loyal customers. The equilibrium price of the standard (premium) good is decreasing (increasing) in the quality difference and profits can increase in costs when this difference is large enough. If the pricing decision is taken at the product (division) level, then there is again a unique (and symmetric) competitive pricing equilibrium. Equilibrium prices and profits are lower than in the centralized case and demand for the standard product is higher when the quality difference is sufficiently large. Welfare is unambiguously lower with decentralized pricing.
Solar Irradiance Spectra from the Compact SOLSTICE (CSOL) Experiment: Instrument Design, FUV Calibration, Measurements, and Comparison of the 2018 Rocket Flight
Authors: Thiemann Edward , Harder Jerald , Woods Thomas , Snow Martin , Klapetzky Michael , Triplett Matthew , Sims Alan , Penton Steven , Furst Mitchell 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Compact SOLSTICE, a compact far and mid ultraviolet (FUV and MUV) spectrograph, flew on a sounding rocket on 18 June 2018 to validate and potentially calibrate the SOLar STellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE) onboard the Solar Radiation Climate Experiment (SORCE) spacecraft. This article reports the instrument design, the calibration of the FUV channel, and the FUV irradiance measurements. Irradiance measurements are compared to SOLSTICE showing agreement within the combined instrumental uncertainties at most wavelengths, including the H Lyman-$\alpha $
α
emission at 121.6 nm. Some unexplained differences in line ratios between 130.5 nm and 147.5 nm are observed.