bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Potential of Pyrazolone Based Dioxidomolybdenum(VI) Complexes for Multicomponent Biginelli Reactions, Epoxidation of Olefins and Oxidative Bromination of Phenol Derivatives
Authors: Maurya Mannar R. , Singh Devesh , Bisht Rahul , Avecilla Fernando , Sharma Akhilesh , Gupta Puneet 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThree different types of dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complexes of 4‐acetyl‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐5‐pyrazolone (Hmp, I)), 3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐4‐propionyl‐5‐pyrazolone (Hpp, II), 4‐butyryl‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐5‐pyrazolone (Hbutp, III), and 4‐isobutyryl‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐5‐pyrazolone (isobutp, IV) have been isolated and characterized by various spectroscopic (FT‐IR, UV/Vis, 1H and 13C NMR) techniques, thermal analysis and single crystal X‐ray analysis. These complexes adopt a distorted six‐coordinate octahedral geometry where ligands act as bidentate, coordinating through the two O atoms. These complexes have been used as catalysts to explore a single pot multicomponent (benzaldehyde or its derivatives, urea/thiourea and ethyl acetoacetate/phenyl acetoacatate) Biginelli reaction producing biologically active 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2‐(1H)‐one and 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2‐(1H)‐thione based biomolecules under solvent‐free conditions. Presence of H2O2 improves the yield of dihydropyrimidin‐2‐(1H)‐one but it acts as poison for the later molecule. Epoxidation of internal and terminal alkenes mainly resulted in the formation of the corresponding epoxide. The catalytic oxidative bromination of thymol, a reaction facilitated by vanadium dependent haloperoxidases, resulted in the formation of three product namely 2‐bromothymol, 4‐bromothymol and 2,4‐bromothymol. Other phenol derivatives have also been brominated effectively.
Screening lactic acid bacteria and yeast strains for soybean paste fermentation in northeast of China
Authors: Li Siyi , Guo Linjie , Gu Jinhong , Mu Guangqing , Tuo Yanfeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSoybean paste was a traditional fermented product in northeast China, mainly fermented by molds, yeast, Bacillus, and lactic acid bacteria. In this study, the safety and fermentation ability of lactic acid bacteria and yeast strains isolated from traditional soybean paste in northeast China were evaluated, and the dynamic changes of biogenic amines, aflatoxin, total acids, amino acid nitrogen, and volatile compounds were investigated during the fermentation of the traditional soybean paste. Among the tested strains, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DPUL‐J8 could decompose putrescine by 100%, and no biogenic amine was produced by Pichia kudriavzevii DPUY‐J8. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DPUL‐J8 and P. kudriavzevii DPUY‐J8 with strong biogenic amine degrading capacities were inoculated into the soybean paste. After 30 days of fermentation, the content of biogenic amines and aflatoxin in the fermented soybean paste declined by more than 60% and 50%, respectively. At the same time, compared with the control group without inoculation, the contents of total acid (1.29 ± 0.05 g/100 g), amino acid nitrogen (0.82 ± 0.01 g/100 g), and volatile compounds in soybean paste fermented by L. plantarum DPUL‐J8 and P. kudriavzevii DPUY‐J8 were significantly increased, which had a good flavor. These results indicated that the use of L. plantarum DPUL‐J8 and P. kudriavzevii DPUY‐J8 as starter cultures for soybean paste might be a good strategy to improve the safety and flavor of traditional Chinese soybean paste.
Oral azvudine for mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 in high risk, nonhospitalized adults: Results of a real‐world study
Authors: Yang Hui , Wang Zhaojian , Jiang Chunguo , Zhang Yi , Zhang Ying , Xu Man , Zhang Yi , Wang Yushu , Liu Xuefeng , An Zhuoling , Tong Zhaohui 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAzvudine is recommended by Chinese health authorities for COVID‐19 treatment but has not been tested in real‐world clinical studies. This study aimed to evaluate the real‐world effectiveness of Azvudine among COVID‐19 nonhospitalized patients. This was a retrospective cohort study, looking at nonhospitalized patients who tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2. Patients admitted between December 19, 2022 and January 5, 2023 were included. Those who received Azvudine treatment were in the Azvudine group, while those who received supportive treatment were the control group. The primary outcome was the disease progression rate by Day 28. Secondary outcomes were individual disease progression outcomes (death or COVID‐19‐related hospitalization) and duration of fever. The safety outcomes were assessed based on adverse events (AEs) overall, as well as AEs that were considered to be related to the drug. A total of 804 patients with high risk for progression were enrolled in our study. Among them, 317 (39.43%) received treatment with Azvudine. Our study found that Azvudine could reduce the rate of disease progression, as well as rate of COVID‐19‐related hospitalization in patients comparing the control group. Furthermore, if taken within 3 days of the onset of symptoms, it could also shorten the duration of fever. Despite a higher incidence of drug‐related AEs compared to supportive treatment, the majority of these were mild. Azvudine has been found to be effective in reducing the rate of disease progression of COVID‐19, albeit with a slight increase in AEs.
Strategies for Achieving Oxygen Tolerance in Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization
Authors: Ng Gervase , Prescott Stuart W. , Postma Almar , Moad Graeme , Hawker Craig J. , Boyer Cyrille 
Published: July 2023

AbstractReversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) is a popular method for the synthesis of well‐defined macromolecules, but its sensitivity to oxygen is a major limitation for many industrial applications. Recent research has focused on developing strategies to confer oxygen tolerance onto RAFT polymerization, eliminating the need for deoxygenation steps and allowing for simpler reaction conditions. This minireview highlights several promising approaches to achieve oxygen tolerance in RAFT polymerization, including enzyme‐mediated, alkylborane‐initiated, and photomediated methods. The potential applications of oxygen‐tolerant RAFT polymerization are also discussed, demonstrating the promise for significant advances in large‐scale industrial polymer synthesis.
Synthesis of Novel Polymers via ROMP of Benzyne‐Derived Monomers and Their NMR Spectroscopic Properties
Authors: Enríquez‐Figueroa René Alberto , Pineda‐Contreras Armando , Vázquez‐Vuelvas Oscar F. , González‐González Juan‐Saulo , Fomine Serguei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDehydrohalogenation of 1,4‐dihalobenzenes and 1,2,4‐trichlorobenzene is performed using n‐BuLi to form benzynes. These benzynes are used as dienophiles in a Diels–Alder reaction with the dienes furan and 2,5‐dimethylfuran to prepare new benzonorbornadiene derivatives. The cycloadducts of furan are polymerized by a ring‐opening metathesis reaction using a Hoveyda–Grubbs ruthenium catalyst. The polymers are characterized by 1H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), and unambiguous proton chemical shift assignments are based on the multiplicity pattern of proton resonances. This is confirmed by 2D NMR data from HSQC(Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence) and COSY (Correlation Spectroscopy) spectra. The polybenzonorbornadienes have both cis and trans conformation in their chemical structure. The trans conformation is qualitatively in greater proportion observed at 1H NMR experiments. These materials may have syndiotactic microstructure by the lack of correlations in COSY.
Intermediate‐term oncological and functional outcomes of salvage cryotherapy for the management of prostate cancer recurrence after primary brachytherapy versus primary cryotherapy: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Deivasigamani Sriram , Orabi Hazem , El‐Shafei Ahmed , Adams Eric S. , Kotamarti Srinath , Aminsharifi Ali , Davis Leah , Wu Yuan , J. Stephen Jones , Polascik Thomas J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundSalvage cryotherapy (SCT) is widely used to treat prostate cancer (PCa) recurrence after radiotherapy (RT). We studied the intermediate oncological and functional outcomes of patients who underwent SCT following cryotherapy (CRYO‐SCT) recurrence and compare it to recurrence after brachytherapy (BT‐SCT).MethodsAn IRB‐approved retrospective cohort study utilizing patient data from the Cryo On‐Line Data Registry and the Duke PCa database between 1992 and 2016. Biochemical recurrence (BCR) using Phoenix criteria was the primary endpoint assessed at 2‐ and 5‐years post‐SCT. Secondary endpoints assessed functional outcomes including urinary continence, erectile function, and recto‐urethral fistula. Association between treatment and biochemical progression‐free survival was assessed using inverse probability weighted (IPTW) Cox proportional hazards regression. The differences in the secondary functional outcomes were assessed by Pearson's χ2 test or Fisher's exact test, corrected for IPTW.ResultsA total of 194 patients met inclusion criteria. The BCR rate for BT‐SCT and CRYO‐SCT was 23 (20.4%) and 17 (21%) at 2 years and 30 (26.5%) and 22 (27.2%) at 5 years according to Phoenix criteria. There was no statistical difference in 2 years (hazard ratio [HR] 0.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5–1.7, p = 0.7) or 5‐year BCR (HR: 0.86; 95% CI, 0.5‐1.5, p = 0.6) between the groups. The functional outcomes like urinary continence (p = 0.4), erectile function (p = 0.1), and recto‐urethral fistula (p = 0.3) were not statistically different.ConclusionCRYO‐SCT appears to be well tolerated, with comparable oncological and functional outcomes to patients failing primary BT. The findings also demonstrated that SCT can render a significant number of patients biochemically free of disease after initial CRYO with minimal morbidity. SCT is a viable treatment option to salvage local PCa recurrence following either BT or cryoablation failure.
The detection and full genomic characterization of domestic catOrthohepadnavirusesfrom Türkiye
Authors: Adıgüzel Ece , Erdem‐Şahinkesen Eda , Koç Bahattin Taylan , Demirden Cansu , Oğuzoğlu Tuba Çiğdem 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundDomestic cat hepadnaviruses (DCHs) have been described as a novel virus that can infect cats.ObjectiveThe aim of our study is the first identification and molecular characterizations of DCH infection in Turkish domestic cats.MethodsThe blood, organ and ascites fluid samples from 550 cats were randomly sampled. The presence of DCH nucleic acid was investigated by using both in the literature and newly designed primers.ResultsIt was found that the hepadnavirus positivity rate is 4% (22/550) in Türkiye. The full genomic characterization was performed on 13 of 22 samples, and others were characterized as nearly full genome. In this study, we highlight that whole blood samples should be also screened for DCH, not only serum samples as has frequently been done in other studies. DCH‐infected cats were also found positive (54.54%, 12/22) forFeline leukaemia virusinfection. BLAST results revealed that Turkish DCHs have 86.32%–99.08% homology with strains in the GenBank database, enabling us to construct phylogenetic trees.ConclusionsAccording to this study's results, it is suggested that this infection should be added to veterinary diagnostic panels worldwide. Additionally, we suggest that our new synthesized primers for the amplification of X gene can also be used for diagnosis.
Public perceptions of heat decarbonization in Great Britain
Authors: Becker Sarah , Demski Christina , Smith William , Pidgeon Nick 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHeating contributes significant carbon emissions, especially in countries that rely heavily on natural gas as in the UK. Switching to low‐carbon heating is imperative for reaching international climate change targets. Understanding public perceptions and acceptance of low‐carbon heating systems is a crucial part of the successful rollout of alternatives. This review examines public perceptions of different low‐carbon heating technologies, namely heat pumps, hydrogen boilers, hybrid heating systems, and district heating, as well as social factors such as heat experiences. The review focuses on the UK as a case study, which is characterized by high reliance on natural gas for heating with little progress to decarbonize this sector to date. The next years will be critical regarding decision‐making on what low‐carbon heating technologies to pursue. The review shows there is generally low awareness amongst the general public of the need to decarbonize heating and of the low‐carbon heating alternatives. A number of factors have been identified as playing a crucial role in influencing public perceptions of all low‐carbon heating systems, such as installation and running cost, thermal comfort, disruption, level of control, and environmental benefits. However, the acceptance of a new heating system is not simply the sum of several factors, as people's priorities vary across different contexts and technologies. Further public engagement on low‐carbon heating and support (e.g., financial) is necessary for increasing uptake. Future research could explore comparisons between the different low‐carbon heating technologies, key enabling factors, trade‐offs, and concrete policy support.This article is categorized under:
Climate and Environment > Net Zero Planning and Decarbonization
Policy and Economics > Energy Transitions
Human and Social Dimensions > Social Acceptance
After chemo-metamorphosis: p-menthane monoterpenoids characterize the oil gland secretion of adults of the oribatid mite, Nothrus palustris
Authors: Raspotnig Günther , Bodner Michaela , Fröhlich David , Blesl Julia , Stabentheiner Edith , Kunert Olaf 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe oil gland secretion of the oribatid mite Nothrus palustris is known to show the phenomenon of juvenile–adult polymorphism, i.e., juvenile instars produce secretions predominated by geranial, whereas adults secrete dehydrocineole along with a number of chemically unidentified compounds. We here re-analyzed the secretions of adult N. palustris by GC–MS and NMR spectroscopy, eventually identifying the unknown compounds as p-menthane monoterpenoids. The major components were two isomeric 6-isopropenyl-3-methyl-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl formates (= p-1,8-menthadien-5-yl formates), which accounted for about 75% of the secretion. These were accompanied by five additional, only partly identified p-menthanes (or p-methane-derivatives), all of which represented minor or trace components. In addition, adult secretions contained two C21-hydrocarbons, 1,12-heneicosadiene (major) and a heneicosatriene (minor). Menthane monoterpenoids represent a novel sub-class of terpene compounds in the oil gland secretions of Oribatida. In case of N. palustris, we assume that both geranial and p-menthane monoterpenoids arise via the mevalonate pathway which obviously shows a split at the level of geranyl pyrophosphate, leading to geranial in juveniles and to p-menthanes in adults. The significance of methane occurrence in oil glands as well as the taxonomic distribution of juvenile–adult polymorphism in oribatid oil gland secretions is discussed. The latter phenomenon—i.e., “chemo-metamorphosis” of secretions—is not known from early- and middle-derivative Oribatida nor from Astigmata, but appears to be more common in some derivative desmonomatan and brachypyline oribatid groups.
Binary programming formulations for the upper domination problem
Authors: Burdett Ryan , Haythorpe Michael , Newcombe Alex 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe consider Upper Domination, the problem of finding the minimal dominating set of maximum cardinality. Very few exact algorithms have been described for solving Upper Domination. In particular, no binary programming formulations for Upper Domination have been described in literature, although such formulations have proved quite successful for other kinds of domination problems. We introduce two such binary programming formulations, and show that both can be improved with the addition of extra constraints which reduce the number of feasible solutions. We compare the performance of the formulations on various kinds of graphs, and demonstrate that (a) the additional constraints improve the performance of both formulations, and (b) the first formulation outperforms the second in most cases, although the second performs better for very sparse graphs. Also included is a short proof that the upper domination number of any generalized Petersen graph P(n, k) is equal to n.
Eating to live or living to eat? Exploring the link between calorie satiation, Bennett’s law, and the evolution of food preferences
Authors: Rathu Manannalage Kalyani Mangalika Lakmini , Chai Andreas , Ratnasiri Shyama 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs people become wealthy, the type of food they consume tends to fundamentally change. Bennett’s law states that the budget share of starchy food staples, such as cereals and rice, tends to decline as household income rises, while the budget share of other foods, such as meat and vegetables, tends to rise. We argue that an important factor behind this shift is the extent to which the caloric value of the household’s diet meets their energy needs. When the caloric value of the diet is too low, the demand for calories is unsatiated and household’s will ‘eat to live’ and prefer to consume more calorie-dense staple foods, relative to other foods. If the calorie intake exceeds daily energy needs, satiated consumers will ‘live to eat’ and prefer to dedicate additional income to consuming more non-starchy foods that satisfy other wants, such as taste, novelty, or social status. Using Sri Lankan household data, we employ a finite mixture model (FMM) to analyze how satiated and unsatiated groups of consumers alter their calorie intake as income rises. We find empirical evidence that supports this conjecture and suggests that calorie satiation plays an important role in enabling food preferences to evolve as income rises. Policy implications are also discussed.
Impact on urinary incontinence after management of complications related to a retropubic midurethral sling
Authors: Juhl Caroline , Thimm Mette Holberg , Glavind Karin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
The most common complications to midurethral sling (MUS) operations for stress urinary incontinence are postoperative urinary retention (POUR), vaginal MUS exposure, and urgency. They are well described but consensus regarding their management is missing. An evaluation of the treatment of POUR, exposure and urgency after the MUS procedure in our department was implemented. Incontinence status after treatment of complications was evaluated.

Methods
A review of the medical records of women undergoing MUS procedures from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2021 (n = 329).

Results
A total of 279 women (85%) had no complications. Fifty women had one or more complications. Twenty-three women (7%) experienced POUR. Final treatment in 9 women was clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC). All remained continent. Nine women had the MUS mobilized. This was successful in 8 women who remained continent. Six women had their MUS incised (one after unsuccessful mobilization). Four became incontinent again and 2 remained continent. Eight women had vaginal MUS exposure. Seven attempted recovering of the MUS. This was successful in 3 patients. The remaining had a partial MUS removal. Only 33% remained continent after removal. Ten patients developed de novo urge, but only 2 needed medication.

Conclusions
Mobilization of the MUS must be considered the optimal treatment for POUR when CISC fails. It is the most effective intervention with the best effect on POUR and the lowest risk of incontinence. Concerning vaginal exposure, a trial of recovering should be attempted as the risk of incontinence when undergoing a partial removal of the MUS is considerable.
Proctored adoption of robotic hiatus hernia surgery: outcomes and learning curves in a high-volume UK centre
Authors: Straatman Jennifer , Rahman Saqib A. , Carter Nicholas C. , Mercer Stuart J. , Knight Benjamin C. , van Boxel Gijsbert I. , Pucher Philip H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The adoption of new surgical technologies is inevitably accompanied by a learning curve. With the increasing adoption of robotic techniques in benign foregut surgery, it is imperative to define optimal learning pathways, to ensure a clinically safe introduction of such a technique. The aim of this study was to assess the learning curve for robotic hiatal hernia repair with a pre-defined adoption process and proctoring.

Methods
The learning curve was assessed in four surgeons in a high-volume tertiary referral centre, performing over a 100 hiatal hernia repairs annually. The robotic adoption process included simulation-based training and a multi-day wet lab-based course, followed by robotic operations proctored by robotic upper GI experts. CUSUM analysis was performed to assess changes in operating time in sequential cases.

Results
Each surgeon (A, B, C and D) performed between 22 and 32 cases, including a total of 109 patients. Overall, 40 cases were identified as ‘complex’ (36.7%), including 16 revisional cases (16/109, 14.7%). With CUSUM analysis inflection points for operating time were seen after 7 (surgeon B) to 15 cases (surgeon B).

Conclusion
The learning curve for robotic laparoscopic fundoplication may be as little as 7–15 cases in the setting of a clearly organized learning pathway with proctoring. By integrating these organized learning pathways learning curves may be shortened, ensuring patient safety, preventing detrimental outcomes due to longer learning curves, and accelerating adoption and integration of novel surgical techniques.
T2RFIS: type-2 regression-based fuzzy inference system
Authors: Wiktorowicz Krzysztof 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article discusses a novel type-2 fuzzy inference system with multiple variables in which no fuzzy rules are explicitly defined. By using a rule-free system, we avoid the serious disadvantage of rule-based systems, which are burdened with the curse of dimensionality. In the proposed system, Gaussian membership functions are used for its inputs, and linearly parameterized system functions are used to obtain its output. To obtain the system parameters, a genetic algorithm with multi-objective function is applied. In the presented method, the genetic algorithm is combined with a feature selection method and a regularized ridge regression. The objective functions consist of a pair in which one function is defined as the number of active features and the other as the validation error for regression models or the accuracy for classification models. In this way, the models are selected from the Pareto front considering some compromise between their quality and simplification. Compared to the author’s previous work on the regression-based fuzzy inference system, a new inference scheme with type-2 fuzzy sets has been proposed, and the quality has been improved compared to the system based on type-1 fuzzy sets. Four experiments involving the approximation of a function, the prediction of fuel consumption, the classification of breast tissue, and the prediction of concrete compressive strength confirmed the efficacy of the presented method.