bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between child abuse and poor academic performance in public primary schools in urban Sudan
Authors: Mohammed B. A. A. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionChild abuse, sometimes referred to as child abuse and neglect, includes all forms of physical and emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect, and exploitation that results in actual or potential harm to the child’s health, development or dignity. Child abuse with all its forms is under reported globally in developed and developing countries. The extent of the problem is difficult to ascertain since most of the victims remain silent thus, assessing its prevalence and effects on children is crucial.ObjectivesTo assess the association between child abuse with poor school performance considering related variables including family instability, home environment, and school environment.MethodsThis study included 504 participants: 168 cases and 336 controls. Controls were matched for age and gender. Both groups were tested for marital or family instability, home environment, school environment, peer and teacher maltreatment using bi-variate analysis. Test of significance of the result was estimated by confidence interval. Quantification of each factor effect and the interrelationships between all factors that affect academic performance was calculated using multivariate analysis by multiple logistic regressions.ResultsAfter controlling for confounding factors using a multivariate analysis model, the following was found: a significant increase in the risk of poor academic performance in children who were subjected to maternal physical neglect compared with children who were not (OR= 3.106: CI 95%=1.875-5.147), and in children subjected to maternal emotional neglect compared with children who were not (OR= 1.968: CI 95% = 1.200- 3.226). No association was found between maternal emotional/verbal or physical abuse and poor academic performance.There is a significant increase in the risk of poor academic performance in children subjected to paternal emotional verbal abuse compared with children who were not (OR= 4.534: CI 95% = 1.833 - 11.214), but the result illustrated no association between paternal physical abuse and poor academic performance.ConclusionsThe risk of poor academic performance is significantly higher in children exposed to frequent parental conflicts or physical abuse from teachers compared with children who were not. There is a significant increase in the risk of poor academic performance in children who experienced maternal physical and emotional neglect and paternal emotional/ verbal abuse. Higher levels of parental education, feeling safe at home, and feeling happy may be protective factors.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Frequency and characteristics of delusions and hallucinations in first admitted patients.
Authors: Abdelkefi M. , Baati I. , Mnif M. , Guermazi F. , Feki I. , Sellami R. , Masmoudi J. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionDelusions and hallucinations are common in schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders and they are frequently reported at the first admission to psychiatry departments.ObjectivesThe study aims to examine the themes and frequency of delusions and hallucinations in first admitted patients.MethodsInformation was collected retrospectively from selected medical files of patients who were admitted for the first time to the department of psychiatry "A" of the university hospital Hedi Chaker, in Sfax, during the years 2020 and 2021.ResultsNinety patients were included in our study. Their mean age was 34.79 ± 11.4 years, with a sex ratio (M/F) = 1.3. They reached high school in 51.1% of the cases. Half of the patients were smokers, 30% used alcohol and 16.7% used cannabis.The average age of onset of the disorders was 30.36 years, and the duration of evolution of the illness before hospitalization was 56.54 days. The most common reason for hospitalization was environmental violence (62.5%). The diagnosis of schizophrenia was retained in 32.2% of the cases, and that of bipolar disorder in 23.3% of the cases.At initial presentation to the ward, 72.2% of patients were found to have delusional beliefs. The most commonly held delusions were delusions of persecution (62.2%), reference (28.9%) bewitchment (27.8%) and grandiosity (26.7%) with changes of behavior in 34.4 % of the patients in response to their delusional beliefs.Hallucinations reported by 43.3% of the patients were mainly auditory (30%), visual (20%) and 15.6% reported hearing internal voices. Olfactory hallucinations were only reported by 3.3% of the patients.ConclusionsDelusions of persecution and reference appear to be the main delusional themes in this patient group. Auditory hallucinations were also commonly reported.A better awareness of clinical presentations of the first admitted patients may aid early identification of the illness and engagement of the patients in the treatment process.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Euthanasia and psychiatric patients: a Spanish glance to the Dutch experience
Authors: Albarracin P. , Mayor F. , Aparicio M. , Herrero E. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThe recent approval of euthanasia in the Spanish legal code and its posible extension to psychiatric patients opens an unprecedented scenario in the Iberian country. We analize the experience of the Netherlands, a country where euthanasia has been in practice for over two decades, in order to foresee epidemiological trends that could be replicated in Spain.ObjectivesTo review the legislation on euthanasia in Spain and the Netherlands, as well as the epidemiological data regarding euthanasia applicants affected by mental health conditions in the Netherlands, to predict future epidemiological trends in a similar population in Spain.MethodsWe studied the legislation on euthanasia in Spain and the Netherlands, as well as the directives of the Regional Commisions for Euthanasia in the Netherlands to analize differences and similarities between the legal codes on both countries. We also sought epidemiological data regarding the application of euthanasia on psychiatric patients in the Netherlands, gathering data from seven articles in English language obtained through a search in PubMed using the MeSH terms “Euthanasia” AND “Netherlands” and “Psychiatry”.ResultsEuthanasia on psychiatric patients in the Netherlands has been a practice on the rise during the last decade, despite the elevated proportion of rejected applications and the high survival rate of this patients in later longitudinal studies. Affective disorders and personality disorders stand out as major psychiatric causes between the applicants. The Spanish legislation bears important resemblance to its Dutch predecessor, but also significant differences.ConclusionsThe available data on the application of euthanasia on mental health patients in the Netherlands show an in increasing trend regarding the execution of this practice, specially on patients who gather distinct clinical features. The data provided by the Dutch experience could have some replication in Spain, as well as anticipate possible future ethical conflicts regarding the application of this service.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
MEDICAL FITNESS IN WORKERS WITH PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
Authors: Ben Afia L. , Bahri G. , Youssef I. , Mechergui N. , Ernez S. , Brahim D. , Mersni M. , Ladhari N. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionMental health disorders are among the most burdensome health concerns in the world; it affects more than 970 million people in 2019. These disorders deteriorate all aspects of life, especially the professional field, impacting mainly physical capability, daily functioning, and productivity among the working-age population.ObjectivesTo study the socio-professional and medical characteristics of workers with psychiatric disorders and to assess the repercussions of these pathologies on work ability.MethodsA descriptive and retrospective study included all the medical files of workers with psychiatric disorders who were referred to the occupational medicine department at Charles Nicolle Hospital for a medical opinion of fitness for work during the period from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2020.ResultsThe average age of the 224 cases collected was 41.74± [25-60 years] with a sex ratio of 0.67. The average professional seniority was 13.4 years±8.27 years. The most common occupational sectors were health (38.1%) and communication (20.2%). The patients were mainly suffering from either an anxiety-depressive disorder (36.6%) or psychosis (11.6%). These included 21 cases of bipolar disorder, 21 cases of schizophrenia, two cases of chronic hallucinatory psychosis and 3 cases of delusional psychosis. Forty-three patients were fit to continue working, 133 patients were fit with restrictions and twenty-six were unfitted to work.A professional reclassification was recommended for 37 patients in positions with a lower mental load. One employee suffering from advanced schizophrenia was offered early retirement on grounds of disability. Permanent unfitness was pronounced in 11.6% of cases.ConclusionsThe impact of mental disorders on cognitive abilities can be so significant as to result in temporary or permanent unfitness for work. However, the decision of medical fitness for work for the same psychiatric pathology may vary from one individual to another and from one workstation to another.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Unethical psychiatrist’s communication toward patients serving a prison sentence – a case report
Authors: Rossini Gajsak L. , Zibar L. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionAn institutional ethical committee receives patients’ complaints regarding ethical side of physicians’ work, behavior and communication.ObjectivesThis case report presents an example of unethical communication by a psychiatrist toward patients serving a prison sentence, who sought a psychiatrist’s examination. The main objectives were to evaluate the physician’s insight into objections as well as adherence to ethical rules and regulations defined by ethical code, law and other related acts. Identity and other identification data have been modified in relation to the real case for confidentiality.MethodsThe case of a written anonymous complaint to the institutional ethical committee and the psychiatrist’s statement on the patients’ accusations were taken as data source.ResultsPrisoners seeking psychiatrist’s help complained about the behavior of their attendant prison psychiatrist and stated that he insulted and humiliated them, shouted at them, was telling them horrible things (like “you are going to dye slowly”), was talking about them behind their back, ignored their disturbances, listened to several patients at the same time and revealed their diagnoses in front of other patients. The physician denied all the accusations in his feedback report, but stated that there have been conflicts with these patients. He concluded that he wondered why he could not communicate with them more roughly, that there was too much work to do and a lack of time. Furthermore, he worked too much for a small fee and he did not respect their problems while they constantly asked for something, and thus that they made a burden to the health system. Finally, he would not have even respond to an anonymous report.ConclusionsIn the presented case, there were many violations of ethical regulations and legal provisions. The psychiatrist made serious mistakes and misjudgments about numerous regulations of the Law on medical practice’s Article 21 regarding medical confidentiality (“Official Gazette” no. 117/08), Physician’s Oath Latest Version 2017, amended at the 68th Assembly of the World Medical Association as well as the Croatian Code of Medical Ethics and Deontology („Official Gazette” no. 55/08, pages 1-7, Article 1, paragraphs 1,2,3,4,5,6, Article 2, paragraphs 1,2,14, Article 8, paragraphs 1,2, Article 9, paragraph 12, Article 10, paragraphs 1,2) regarding obligation to preserve the noble tradition of the medical profession by maintaining high standards of professional work and ethical behavior toward the patient, respecting the patient’s rights in physical and mental aspects, taking care of his personal dignity and securing a medical secret. Additional efforts must be made by various stakeholders in health care so that ethical postulates are more strongly embodied in everyday physician’s work, without arbitrary interpretations.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Development of ethical competences in mental health and psychiatry: simulation with nursing students
Authors: Lopes R. , Moreira I. , Neves M. , Brás C. , Rodrigues R. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionSimulation as a pedagogical strategy contributes to improving the acquisition, consolidation and retention of knowledge and is very attractive for students.In simulation learning, students come into contact with real clinical practices, allowing them to develop personal, psychosocial, ethical and clinical skills, facilitating learning for decision-making.The creation of different and complex simulation scenarios within the scope of Mental Health and Psychiatry (MHP) allows the empowerment of nursing students, through the anticipation and prevention of errors and the creation of training opportunities, which culminate in the development of critical thinking and reflective on the ethical dimension of caring for people experiencing mental illness.ObjectivesTo analyze the simulation as a strategy to develop ethical competences in MHP; To reflect on respect for autonomy, capacity for self-determination and dignity of the person; To reflect on care practices that promote respect and dignity for people experiencing mental illness.MethodsAfter the careful design of the situation simulation scenario in MHP, the steps are as follows:Prebriefing - transmit generic information about the scenario to the participants/students; request the participation of some students to assume the role of actors in the context they will encounter and prepare to start the case; explain to observers what will happen and the goals of the scenario.-Scenario development.-Debriefing - ask observers to analyse and reflect on positive aspects of performance; lead participants to analyse and reflect on their actions; investigate the basis of gaps/errors.-Reflection - facilitating students’ structured thinking (reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action); review learning.-Assessment - focus group interview; observation and/or filming.ResultsThe evaluation revealed that the use of a simulation scenario allows the connection between the theoretical contents of ethics (principles, dignity of the person, human rights, informed consent, …) with what they saw and experienced in the scenario; facilitates understanding of concepts, helps to internalize knowledge and retain information; favors reflection, development of critical thinking through discussion and argumentation; makes it easier to understand the relationship between the subject taught and reality; and the discussion of the situation helped to structure the thought.The diversity of scenarios is interesting and useful, it allows understanding the different role of nurses in the hospital context and in the context of primary care.ConclusionsIt is concluded that the use of a simulation scenario in MHP is of great interest and usefulness for the development of ethical competences, allowing reflection on care practices that promote respect and dignity of the person with experience of mental illness.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Sexual aggressors with mental disorders: characterization of a Tunisian sample
Authors: Chamseddine A. , Charfi N. , Ajmi S. , Gassara I. , Smaoui N. , Feki R. , Omri S. , Zouari L. , Ben Thabet J. , Maâlej Bouali M. , Maâlej M. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionSexual violence is a worldwide public health concern. Nevertheless, the psychopathology of perpetrators of sexual assault still nowadays poorly documented.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the characteristics of sexual aggressors with mental disorders.MethodsIt was a retrospective study that included a series of sexual aggressors examined in forensic psychiatric assessment in the psychiatry C department at Hedi Chaker university Hospital in Sfax, from January 2010 to December 2021. Data were collected from psychiatric expert reports.ResultsThe sample was exclusively composed of men with an average age of 37 years and 07 months (± 12.75 years). 54.4% of sexual aggressors suffered from mental disorder. Personality disorder was the most prevalent psychiatric disorder and the antisocial type was noted in 23.9% of cases.Sexual aggressors suffering from mental disorder were more likely to commit rape followed by murder (p=0.05). They used physical violence far more than the others did (p=0.007) and they were more apt to threaten their victims with weapon during the assault (p=0.038). They were also more likely to abuse the power given by their professional roles (15,2 % versus 5,6 %; p=0.07). They more frequently attacked unknown victims (p=0.019).ConclusionsMore than half of sexual aggressors suffered from psychiatric disorder. Therefore, the detection and treatment of psychiatric morbidity among sexual aggressors may minimize the risk of recidivism.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Combined whole exome sequencing and chromosomal microarray analysis improve clinical interpretation of genomic variants in patients with intellectual disability
Authors: Kashevarova A. A. , Belyaeva E. O. , Fonova E. A. , Lopatkina M. E. , Vasilyeva O. Y. , Fedotov D. A. , Zarubin A. A. , Sivtsev A. A. , Demeneva V. V. , Salyukova O. A. , Petrova V. V. , Fadiushina S. V. , Minaycheva L. I. , Seitova G. N. , Nazarenko L. P. , Lebedev I. N. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionaCGH determines pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) in about 10% of patients with intellectual disability (ID). In another 20% of patients, probably pathogenic CNVs or variants with uncertain clinical significance are detected. It may be variants that do not fully explain the patient’s symptoms, aberrations with reduced penetrance or inherited from healthy parents. The use of a sequencing method for such cases is advisable.ObjectivesImprovement of diagnosis of intellectual disability.MethodsaCGH with 60K Agilent microarrays, qPCR, targeted sequencing, whole exome sequencing (WES).Results
Six patients with ID and inherited deletions/duplications detected by aCGH and their parents if available were further examined by sequencing. Four patients had maternal CNVs: (1) del1q41 (SPATA17, LINC00210, RRP15), (2) del7q35 (TCAF2, exon 8), (3) dup8p22p21.3 (PSD3, exons 1-11), and (4) del12p11.1 (SYT10, exons 1-2). Two patients had paternal CNVs: (5) dup1q44 (SMYD3, exons 2-5) and (6) del15q11.2 (TUBGCP5, CYFIP1, NIPA1, NIPA2, LOC283683). The severe phenotype of patient (5) with dup1q44 could not be explained by the paternally inherited disruption of the single SMYD3 gene. WES determined probably pathogenic SNV in the MID1 gene associated with Opitz GBBB syndrome (OMIM 300000), which corresponds better to the patient’s phenotype and is likely to be the cause of the disease. Although del1q41 is included in the region of chromosome 1q41-q42 deletion syndrome (OMIM 612530) the phenotype of the patient (1) is much milder; WES in the patient detected two pathogenic (MPO, MAN2C1) and one probably pathogenic (ARID1B) SNVs. In patient (6) with del15q11.2 pat WES detected additional pathogenic SNV in exon 7 of the ARSE gene. In patient (3) with dup8p22p21.3 WES determined two SNVs with uncertain significance in the KIDINS220, FOXG1 genes. No SNVs were detected by WES in patient (2) with del7q35. For patient (4) with del12p11.1 targeted SYT10 sequencing revealed no pathogenic SNVs as well.ConclusionsSometimes aCGH-analysis is sufficient to identify the causes of ID, however, in the case of detection of CNVs with uncertain clinical significance and/or inherited from healthy parents, it may be necessary to further examine the patient using sequencing methods. So, the accurate diagnosis was made by WES for one patient of eight. For another two patients the combination of CNVs and SNPs should be considered. For the last three patients the described aberrations could not explain the phenotype and whole genome sequencing may be the solution.This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant 21-65-00017, https://rscf.ru/project/21-65-00017/Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Diagnostic yield of chromosomal microarray and trio whole exome sequencing in congenital brain anomalies
Authors: Fonova E. A. , Kashevarova A. A. , Lopatkina M. E. , Sivtsev A. A. , Zarubin A. A. , Demeneva V. V. , Seitova G. N. , Minaycheva L. I. , Salyukova O. A. , Fadyushina S. V. , Petrova V. V. , Belyaeva E. O. , Nazarenko L. P. , Lebedev I. N. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThe deductive method: from karyotyping to aCGH and WES is an important aspect in the diagnosis and search for the causes of intellectual disability due to congenital brain anomalies. There is recommendation to exclude the presence of CNV or monogenic variants for patients with a normal karyotype, but with a clinical picture of syndromic disease.ObjectivesImprovement of diagnosis of intellectual disability.MethodsaCGH with 60K Agilent microarrays, WES with SureSelect Human All Exon V8ResultsPathogenic or potentially pathogenic CNVs were excluded previously by aCGH for 10 families (total 32 people, 2 families had 2 children) with intellectual disability and congenital brain anomalies (for example, polymicrogyria, pachygyria, lissencephaly). The WES identified candidate variants for all families that can lead to impaired neurodevelopment, including 3 pathogenic variants in 3 families, 3 likely pathogenic in three other families, and 10 variants with uncertain clinical significance for 4 families. Almost all of these variants were identified de novo, except for one family, where the proband has been a compound heterozygous for two variants in the RELN gene. The first case of pathogenic mutation de novo was detected in a girl with agenesis of the corpus callosum. It was a missense mutation DYNC1H1 (NM_001376.5): c.4868G>A (p.Arg1623Gln), which leads to impaired intellectual development in autosomal dominant type 13 (OMIM 614563). The second variant was detected in a boy with corpus callosum agenesis, pontine hypogenesis, pachygyria in the frontal lobes. It was a missense variant MACF1 (ENST00000567887.5): c.21989A>G(p.Asp7330Gly), which leads to lissencephaly 9 with complex brainstem malformation (OMIM 614563). The third variant was found in a girl with epilepsy and impaired myelination of the white matter of the parietal-occipital areas of the cerebral hemispheres. It was a missense variant CDKL5 (NM_001323289.2):c.404-1G>A that leads to developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 2 (OMIM 300672).ConclusionsSixteen candidate variants potentially responsible for mental health were reported in this study. Most of these variants were missense changes in genes. All except one anomalies arisen de novo. Trio-based WES has been shown to be an important step in making a genetic diagnosis if other chromosomal and subchromosomal abnormalities had been excluded. The clinical description of the patient is the most important step for the correct interpretation of WES results, which allows to establish the exact genetic cause of the disease if several variants with unclear clinical significance were previously identified.This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant 21-65-00017, https://rscf.ru/project/21-65-00017/Disclosure of InterestNone Declared