bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with diabetes have an increased risk for pneumonia, intensive care unit requirement, intubation, and death: A cross‐sectional cohort study in Mexico in 2020
Authors: Huang Alexander A. , Huang Samuel Y. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus is a chronic health condition that has been linked with an increased risk of severe illness and mortality from COVID‐19. In Mexico, the impact of diabetes on COVID‐19 outcomes in hospitalized patients has not been fully quantified. Understanding the increased risk posed by diabetes in this patient population can help healthcare providers better allocate resources and improve patient outcomes.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to quantify the extent outcomes (pneumonia, intensive care unit [ICU] stay, intubation, and death) are worsened in diabetic patients with COVID‐19.MethodsBetween April 14, 2020 and December 20, 2020 (last accessed), data from the open‐source COVID‐19 database maintained by the Mexican Federal Government were examined. Utilizing hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with complete outcome data, a retrospective cohort study (N = 402,388) was carried out. In relation to COVID‐19, both univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to investigate the effect of diabetes on specific outcomes.ResultsThe analysis included 402,388 adults (age >18) with confirmed hospitalized COVID‐19 cases with mean age 46.16 (standard deviation = 15.55), 214,161 (53%) male. The outcomes delineated included pneumonia (N = 88,064; 22%), ICU requirement (N = 23,670; 6%), intubation (N = 23,670; 6%), and death (N = 55,356; 14%). After controlling for confounding variables diabetes continued to be an independent risk factor for both pneumonia (odds ratio [OR]: 1.8, confidence interval [CI]: 1.76−1.84, p < 0.01), ICU requirement (OR: 1.09, CI: 1.04−1.14, p < 0.01), intubation (OR: 1.07, CI: 1.04−1.11, p < 0.01), and death (OR: 1.88, CI: 1.84−1.93, p < 0.01) in COVID‐19 patients.ConclusionsAccording to the study, all outcomes (pneumonia, ICU requirement, intubation, and death) were greater among hospitalized individuals with diabetes and COVID‐19. Additional study is required to acquire a better understanding of how diabetes affects COVID‐19 outcomes and to develop practical mitigation techniques for the risk of severe sickness and complications in this particular patient population.
Cross‐affiliation collaboration and power laws for research output of institutions: Evidence and theory from top three finance journals
Authors: Dong Hui , Luo Dan , Zeng Xudong , Zou Zhentao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCross‐affiliation emerges as a new and fast‐developing means to promote collaboration in financial research. We find that the average number of affiliations reported per author in the top‐three finance journals increases steadily from 1.1 to 1.3 from 1995 to 2016. Scale‐free power laws characterize the resulting highly‐skewed distributions of top finance journal publications of worldwide institutions. We propose an explanation of the scale‐invariance, based on a network model featuring nonlinear growth and linear preferential attachment. The model indicates that success‐breeds‐success engenders 87% of total publications and hence the dispersion in research output, while accelerated growth of collaboration reduces the heterogeneity.
Photobiomodulation using 940‐nm laser as an adjuvant therapy on orthognathic surgery: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: D’avila Ricardo Pimenta , Espínola Lilian Victoria Pérez , Bueno Natália Pieretti , Ferraz Emanuela Prado , Cerqueira Luz João Gualberto 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy using 940‐nm laser in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. Twenty individuals were randomly distributed into laser (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups. The PBM was conducted immediately after surgery, after 24 h, 48 h, and weekly for up to 4 weeks. All participants were evaluated for pain, edema, trismus and paresthesia. Data were compared by Fisher's and Mann–Whitney or chi‐square tests (5%). The pain decreased from 24 h to 4 weeks, with the laser group reaching any pain after 3 weeks (p < 0.001). A significant difference was noticed for trismus on days 14 and 30 (p = 0.002; p = 0.019), without difference in paresthesia (p = 0.198). Edema was lower on the laser group compared to control, without a significant difference for most measurements. Data indicate that 940‐nm PBM therapy decreased the occurrence of postoperative pain and significantly improved trismus.
Locomotor characteristics of the ground‐walking chameleonBrookesia superciliaris
Authors: Ekhator Chukwuyem , Varshney Arnavi , Young Melody W. , Tanis Daniel , Granatosky Michael C. , Diaz Raul E. , Molnar Julia L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the locomotor characteristics of early diverging ground‐walking chameleons (members of the generaBrookesia, Rhampholeon, Palleon, andRieppeleon) can help to explain how their unique morphology is adapted to fit their environment and mode of life. However, nearly all quantitative studies of chameleon locomotion thus far have focused on the larger “true arboreal” chameleons. We investigated kinematics and spatiotemporal gait characteristics of the Brown Leaf Chameleon (Brookesia superciliaris)on different substrates and compared them with true arboreal chameleons, nonchameleon lizards, and other small arboreal animals.Brookesiaexhibits a combination of locomotor traits, some of which are traditionally arboreal, others more terrestrial, and a few that are very unusual. Like other chameleons,Brookesiamoved more slowly on narrow dowels than on broad planks (simulating arboreal and terrestrial substrates, respectively), and its speed was primarily regulated by stride frequency rather than stride length. WhileBrookesiaexhibits the traditionally arboreal trait of a high degree of humeral protraction at the beginning of stance, unlike most arboreal tetrapods, it uses smaller shoulder and hip excursions on narrower substrates, possibly reflecting its more terrestrial habits. When moving at very slow speeds,Brookesiaoften adopts an unusual footfall pattern, lateral‐sequence lateral‐couplets. BecauseBrookesiais a member of one of the earliest‐diverging groups of chameleons, its locomotion may provide a good model for an intermediate stage in the evolution of arboreal chameleons. Thus, the transition to a fully arboreal way of life in “true arboreal” chameleons may have involved changes in spatiotemporal and kinematic characteristics as well as morphology.
Patient adverse financial outcomes before and after COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Becker Nora V. , Carlton Erin F. , Iwashyna Theodore J. , Scott John W. , Moniz Michelle H. , Ayanian John Z. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAdverse financial outcomes after COVID‐19 infection and hospitalization have not been assessed with appropriate comparators to account for other financial disruptions of 2020–2021. Using credit report data from 132,109 commercially insured COVID‐19 survivors, we compared the rates of adverse financial outcomes for two cohorts of individuals with credit outcomes measured before and after COVID‐19 infection, using an interaction term between cohort and hospitalization to test whether adverse credit outcomes changed more for hospitalized than nonhospitalized COVID‐19 patients. Covariates included age group, gender, and several area‐level social determinants of health. Adverse financial outcomes were significantly more common after COVID‐19 infection than before COVID‐19 infection, with greater increases among those hospitalized with COVID‐19 (5–8 percentage points) than among nonhospitalized patients (1–3 percentage points). Future work examining longitudinal financial outcomes before and after COVID‐19 infection is needed to determine the causal mechanisms of this association to reduce financial hardship from COVID‐19 and other conditions.
The 2021 WHO Classification for Gliomas and Implications on Imaging Diagnosis: Part 2—Summary of Imaging Findings on Pediatric‐Type Diffuse High‐Grade Gliomas, Pediatric‐Type Diffuse Low‐Grade Gliomas, and Circumscribed Astrocytic Gliomas
Authors: Park Yae Won , Vollmuth Philipp , Foltyn‐Dumitru Martha , Sahm Felix , Ahn Sung Soo , Chang Jong Hee , Kim Se Hoon 
Published: April 2023

The fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system tumors published in 2021 advances the role of molecular diagnostics in the classification of gliomas by emphasizing integrated diagnoses based on histopathology and molecular information and grouping tumors based on genetic alterations. This Part 2 review focuses on the molecular diagnostics and imaging findings of pediatric‐type diffuse high‐grade gliomas, pediatric‐type diffuse low‐grade gliomas, and circumscribed astrocytic gliomas. Each tumor type in pediatric‐type diffuse high‐grade glioma mostly harbors a distinct molecular marker. On the other hand, in pediatric‐type diffuse low‐grade gliomas and circumscribed astrocytic gliomas, molecular diagnostics may be extremely complicated at a glance in the 2021 WHO classification. It is crucial for radiologists to understand the molecular diagnostics and imaging findings and leverage the knowledge in clinical practice.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 3.
The 2021 WHO Classification for Gliomas and Implications on Imaging Diagnosis: Part 1—Key Points of the Fifth Edition and Summary of Imaging Findings on Adult‐Type Diffuse Gliomas
Authors: Park Yae Won , Vollmuth Philipp , Foltyn‐Dumitru Martha , Sahm Felix , Ahn Sung Soo , Chang Jong Hee , Kim Se Hoon 
Published: April 2023

The fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system tumors published in 2021 advances the role of molecular diagnostics in the classification of gliomas by emphasizing integrated diagnoses based on histopathology and molecular information and grouping tumors based on genetic alterations. Importantly, molecular biomarkers that provide important prognostic information are now a parameter for establishing tumor grades in gliomas. Understanding the 2021 WHO classification is crucial for radiologists for daily imaging interpretation as well as communication with clinicians. Although imaging features are not included in the 2021 WHO classification, imaging can serve as a powerful tool to impact the clinical practice not only prior to tissue confirmation but beyond. This review represents the first of a three‐installment review series on the 2021 WHO classification for gliomas, glioneuronal tumors, and neuronal tumors and implications on imaging diagnosis. This Part 1 Review focuses on the major changes to the classification of gliomas and imaging findings on adult‐type diffuse gliomas.Evidence Level3.Technical EfficacyStage 3.
Green extraction and biological activity of phenolic extracts from cashew nut testa using a combination of enzyme and ultrasound‐assisted treatments
Authors: Van Thanh Hoang , Phi Nguyen Thi Lan , Khoi Nguyen Tien , Hoan Nguyen Xuan , Van Hung Pham 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDA combination of enzymes and ultrasound treatment was employed to extract bioactive compounds from cashew nut testa, a by‐product of the food industry. The total catechin, flavonoid, and phenolic content of extracts was investigated together with their biological activity.RESULTSEnzyme and ultrasound‐assisted extraction (E‐UAE) was performed by incubation with Viscozyme L (20 mL kg−1 of testa powder, v/w) for 60 min before sonication for 40 min. Ultrasound and enzyme‐assisted extraction (U‐EAE) was carried out using sonication for 40 min before incubation with Viscozyme L (20 mL kg−1 of testa powder) for 60 min. Under appropriate conditions, the total phenolic, flavonoid, catechin, and epigallocatechin gallate content of the extracts from cashew nut testa obtained from a combination method (U‐EAE or E‐UAE) was significantly higher than that obtained using a single method (EAE or UAE). Extracts of cashew nut testa obtained from E‐UAE displayed significantly higher antioxidant and α‐amylase inhibitory activity than those from the U‐EAE. The E‐UAE extract at a concentration of 100 μg mL−1 had a greater impact on the cell viability of MCF‐7 after treatment (22% cell viability) than did the doxorubicin (DOX) at 4 μg mL−1 (39% cell viability), and the E‐UAE extract at 100 μg mL−1 was considered to be safe for healthy cells because the viability of the bovine aerotic endothelial cells treated with this extract was 91%, which was similar to the DOX treatment.CONCLUSIONThe extract of cashew nut testa obtained from E‐UAE is valuable and promising for the development of anti‐inflammatory therapeutic drugs. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The nanocomposites of modified attapulgite with vitamin E and mannan oligosaccharide regulated the intestinal epithelial barrier and improved intestinal microbiota composition to prevent diarrhea in weaned piglets
Authors: Zha Andong , Tan Bie , Wang Jing , Qi Ming , Deng Yuankun , Liao Peng , Yin Yulong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDOveruse of antibiotics contributes to bacterial resistance in animals. Therefore, it is necessary to find a new way to ensure animal health and promote animal growth. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS)/vitamin E (VE)/attapulgite (APT) nanocomposites (SLK1, SLK3, SLK5) on growth performance and intestinal health in weaned piglets. Each 1 kg of SLK1, SLK3 or SLK5 contains 50 g of vitamin E, and each had a different MOS concentration [SLK1 (50 g kg −1 MOS), SLK3 (100 g kg −1 MOS), SLK5 (150 g kg −1 MOS)]. In total, 135 piglets were randomly divided into five groups (normal control group, traditional antibiotic substitutes group, SLK1 group, SLK3 group and SLK5 group), and growth performance, diarrhea index, intestinal epithelial barrier function and intestinal microbial composition were measured.RESULTSSLK1 and SLK5 significantly decreased diarrhea frequency in weaned piglets (p < 0.05). Furthermore, SLK5 significantly increased survival rate of weaned piglets compared to the traditional antibiotic substitutes group (p < 0.05). SLK5 also increased villus height of ileum, and increased goblet number of the jejunum (p < 0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing showed that SLK5 significantly regulated intestinal colonic microbiota composition (p < 0.05). Specifically, SLK5 significantly increased the abundance of Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens in the cecum and increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the colon (p < 0.05). In addition, dietary supplementation with 1 kg T−1 SLK5 also significantly increased the propionate content in the colon, which is significantly correlated with Phascolarctobacterium (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONDietary supplementation with 1 kg T−1 SLK5 improved intestinal epithelial barrier function, and regulated intestinal microbiota composition to prevent diarrhea in weaned piglets. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Ultra‐high‐speed liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry detection analytical methods for the determination of nitrosamine drug substance‐related impurities
Authors: Marlés‐Torres Anna , López‐García Rubén , Bessa‐Jambrina Sergio , Galán‐Rodríguez Cristóbal 
Published: April 2023

In the present study, five simple, feasible, and sensitive Ultra‐high‐speed liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry detection methods, using electrospray ionization are proposed. These methods were developed and validated for the determination of four different nitrosamine drug substance‐related impurities—N‐nitrosoacebutolol, N‐nitrosobisoprolol, N‐nitrosometoprolol, and N‐nitrososotalol—in five beta blockers active pharmaceutical ingredients—acebutolol HCl, bisoprolol fumarate, metoprolol tartrate, metoprolol succinate, and sotalol HCl. The proposed methods were validated as per regulatory guidelines. Acquity HSS T3 (3.0 × 100 mm, 1.8 μm) column and formic acid 0.1% in water combined with methanol or acetonitrile were used for chromatographic separation in all methods. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were found to be in the range of 0.02–1.2 and 2–20 parts per billion, respectively. The accuracy and precision of the five methods have been demonstrated in the working range of each one, giving values of recovery within the range of 64.1%–113.3%, and the regression coefficients (R) were found to be in the range of 0.9978–0.9999. These methods could be used for controlling nitrosamine drug substance‐related impurities content for beta blockers drug substances batches manufactured at Moehs group.
Dramatic deterioration or new‐onset dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor‐associated bullous pemphigoid after COVID‐19 vaccination: A possible manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Authors: Sunada Midori , Sugiyama Seiko , Nakahara Yukiko , Yamane Mariko , Mashiko Rehito , Yamamoto Takenobu , Aoyama Yumi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundMany reports have described the development of bullous pemphigoid (BP) following COVID‐19 vaccination. In dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor‐associated BP (DPP‐4i‐BP), cessation of DPP‐4i appears to have a paradoxical effect on the clinical course of the BP. Interestingly, similar paradoxical reactions have been shown to develop after antibody‐based therapies that inhibit pro‐inflammatory cytokine signalling. These heterogenous outcomes could be explained by assuming that DPP‐4i‐BP is a manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Onset of IRIS could be triggered by a variety of stimuli, including initiation of immune checkpoint blockade and vaccination.ObjectivesTo examine whether the onset of postvaccine BP, although rarely reported, is preferentially observed in DPP‐4i‐BP and whether severe outcomes of IRIS can be predicted by specific cytokine profiles.MethodsThis single‐centre retrospective study was based on the medical records of 63 consecutive outpatients with BP.ResultsExacerbation or new onset BP following COVID‐19 vaccination was observed in 6 of 11 patients with BP who were receiving DPP‐4i. One patient who developed dramatic exacerbation of DPP‐4i‐BP and cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease following COVID‐19 vaccination showed high concentrations of granulocyte‐colony‐stimulating factor and interleukin‐10 after vaccination, both of which have been associated with CMV‐IRIS in other settings.ConclusionsCOVID‐19 vaccine‐induced BP was more frequently associated with DPP‐4i‐BP than with ‘classic’ BP. COVID‐19 vaccination may trigger the shift to infectious IRIS. When infectious IRIS is suspected from the cytokine profile after COVID‐19 vaccination, thorough clinical evaluation for reactivation of CMV should be performed immediately with prompt initiation of anti‐CMV medication if necessary.
Artificial Gauge Field Enabled Low‐Crosstalk, Broadband, Half‐Wavelength Pitched Waveguide Arrays
Authors: Zhou Peiji , Li Ting , Lin Yucheng , Xia Lipeng , Shen Li , Xu Xiaochuan , Li Tao , Zou Yi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDense waveguide arrays with half‐wavelength pitch, low‐crosstalk, broadband, and flexible routing capability are essential for integrated photonics. However, achieving such performance is challenging due to the relatively weaker confinement of dielectric waveguides and the increased interactions among densely packed waveguides. Here, leveraging the artificial gauge field mechanism, half‐wavelength‐pitched dense waveguide arrays, consisting of 64 waveguides, in silicon with −30 dB crosstalk suppression from 1480 to 1550 nm are demonstrated. The waveguide array features negligible insertion loss for 90° bending. This approach enables flexibly routing a large‐scale dense waveguide array that significantly reduces on‐chip estate, leading to a high‐density photonic integrated circuit, and may open up opportunities for important device performance improvement, such as half‐wavelength‐pitch optical phased array and ultra‐dense space‐division multiplexing.
Cognitive and Motor Decline in Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Parkinson's Disease Dementia
Authors: Gonzalez Maria Camila , Tovar‐Rios Diego Alejandro , Alves Guido , Dalen Ingvild , Williams‐Gray Caroline H. , Camacho Marta , Forsgren Lars , Bäckström David , Lawson Rachael A. , Macleod Angus D. , Counsell Carl E. , Paquet Claire , DeLena Carlo , D'Antonio Fabrizia , Pilotto Andrea , Padovani Alessandro , Blanc Frédéric , Falup‐Pecurariu Cristian , Lewis Simon J.G. , Rejdak Konrad , Papuc Ewa , Hort Jakub , Nedelska Zuzana , O'Brien John , Bonanni Laura , Marquié Marta , Boada Mercè , Pytel Vanesa , Abdelnour Carla , Alcolea Daniel , Beyer Katrin , Tysnes Ole‐Bjørn , Aarsland Dag , Maple‐Grødem Jodi 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is a need to better understand the rate of cognitive and motor decline of Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease Dementia (PDD).ObjectivesTo compare the rate of cognitive and motor decline in patients with DLB and PDD from the E‐DLB Consortium and the Parkinson's Incidence Cohorts Collaboration (PICC) Cohorts.MethodsThe annual change in MMSE and MDS‐UPDRS part III was estimated using linear mixed regression models in patients with at least one follow‐up (DLB n = 837 and PDD n = 157).ResultsWhen adjusting for confounders, we found no difference in the annual change in MMSE between DLB and PDD (−1.8 [95% CI −2.3, −1.3] vs. −1.9 [95% CI −2.6, −1.2] [P = 0.74]). MDS‐UPDRS part III showed nearly identical annual changes (DLB 4.8 [95% CI 2.1, 7.5]) (PDD 4.8 [95% CI 2.7, 6.9], [P = 0.98]).ConclusionsDLB and PDD showed similar rates of cognitive and motor decline. This is relevant for future clinical trial designs.
Posterior corneal surface and anterior chamber changes after Small incision lenticule extraction and Femtosecond laser‐assisted laser in‐situ keratomileusis
Authors: Xie Lijie , Zhu Shanqing , Wu Guanrong , Tang Changting , Guo Yunxiang , Yu Honghua , Hu Yijun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the posterior corneal and anterior chamber changes following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser‐assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS‐LASIK). This retrospective study included 93 eyes for SMILE and 228 eyes for FS‐LASIK. Posterior corneal curvature, anterior chamber biometrics, and posterior corneal aberrations preoperatively and at 1 week and 3 months after surgery were evaluated. The correlation between surgical‐related factors and posterior corneal morphology changes, posterior corneal morphology changes, and posterior corneal aberration alterations were determined. There was an increase in mean posterior corneal radius (PCC R) and flat posterior corneal radius (PCC R1) and decrease in anterior chamber depth and anterior chamber volume in the SMILE and FS‐LASIK group (all p < 0.05). A significant difference was observed in posterior corneal higher‐order aberrations before and after the FS‐LASIK (p = 0.006). A negative correlation was found between alterations of PCC R and changes of posterior corneal spherical aberrations in the SMILE (r = −0.289) and FS‐LASIK group (r = −0.383). In conclusion, posterior corneal and anterior chamber biometrics are changed after SMILE and FS‐LASIK. Innovatively, we find that changes in posterior corneal morphology are correlated with posterior corneal aberration alterations.