bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inappropriate use of budget funds, implementation of budget expenditures or provision of loans from the budget without the established budget allocations or exceeding them
Authors: Vasilevich V. , Levchenko Yu. 
Published: September 2023

The full-scale military aggression of the Russian Federation not only violated the territorial integrity of our state, but also significantly deformed the entire system of global and regional security, increased the level and severity of criminal offenses. Non-targeted use of budget funds, in particular, spending from the budget or providing loans from the budget without the established budget allocations or exceeding them. In addition, a part of such subjects is a symbiosis of criminal organizations and the state, where the latter through its bodies uses criminal means, methods and types of activities to achieve its own goals or is completely dependent on such organizations, which, in turn, use state policy to concealing the essence of one’s activity.
This article deals with the issue of misuse of budget funds, in particular, making expenditures from the budget or providing loans from the budget without the established budget allocations or exceeding them. The causes, consequences and possible ways to prevent such a negative phenomenon are analyzed.
Cases of violations of budget procedures and violations that may have a negative impact on financial stability and the efficiency of the use of budget resources are considered in detail.
The author of the article analyzes the legislative framework related to budget management and considers recommendations for strengthening control and responsibility for the use of budget funds. This article aims to raise awareness of the problem of inappropriate use of budget resources and contribute to the improvement of budget management to achieve greater efficiency and transparency in the use of public finances.
This article is a valuable source of information for specialists, researchers and legislators who deal with the problem of inappropriate use of budget funds, implementation of budget expenditures or provision of loans from the budget without established budget allocations or exceeding them. It emphasizes the need for joint efforts of all interested parties to prevent this phenomenon and to ensure effective measures against misuse of budget funds, implementation of budget expenditures or provision of loans from the budget without established budget allocations or exceeding them.
The relationship of the procedure for obtaining samples for examination in criminal proceedings with regulatory and legal acts in the field of criminal proceedings of other countries
Authors: Basyk L. 
Published: September 2023

The article draws attention to and analyzes the main regulatory legal acts that ensure international standards for the observance and protection of people’s rights and freedoms in terms of obtaining samples for examination, including in criminal proceedings, which include: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on civil and political rights, the European Convention on Human Rights, the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment and Punishment, etc.
In the course of the research, it was found that in practice, law enforcement agencies, in a number of cases, have to face opposition from the participants in criminal proceedings regarding obtaining biological samples of a person for examination. So, as a form of counteraction, there are: 1) refusal to voluntarily provide biological samples of a person; 2) challenging the actions of law enforcement officers regarding the legitimate use of coercion to obtain biological samples of a person; 3) active resistance during the forced collection of biological samples of a person for examination (with reference to the fact that such actions degrade the honor and dignity of a person or are dangerous for his health).
It has been proven that in the absence of normatively defined forms, methods and subjects of the use of coercion during the forced collection of biological samples of a person in criminal proceedings, as well as ignoring the issues outlined by the legislator for a considerable time, the leading role is played by the line of conduct of the subject of the investigation, his professional competence , tactical combinations, the essence of which is to influence the person from whom the samples are taken.
As a result of a thorough analysis of the procedure for taking samples from things and documents for examination, defined in the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, demonstrates, in general, its compliance with international standards for conducting similar procedural actions, including the use of coercion. However, attention is focused on the impracticality of obtaining additional court permission to conduct a search in cases of refusal to voluntarily comply with a court order regarding the provision of samples of things and documents, as provided for in Art. 166 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine in accordance with the rules of temporary access to things and documents.
Normative and legal regulation of the questioning of medical workers as witnesses in criminal proceedings: problems of the conceptual apparatus
Authors: Pavlyuk P. 
Published: September 2023

This article examines the terminological problems of legal regulation of the questioning of medical workers as witnesses in criminal proceedings. For this purpose, the criminal procedural norms regulating the questioning of a medical worker in the status of a witness, as well as the provisions of the Civil Code of Ukraine, the Fundamentals of Ukrainian legislation on health protection, and secondary regulatory legal acts (Rules for prescribing prescriptions for medicinal products and medical products, Instructions on the work of departments (groups, sectors, senior inspectors) monitoring the execution of court decisions of penal institutions and remand prisons, the Procedure for the provision of medical care to those sentenced to imprisonment, the Rules of Internal Procedure of remand prisons of the State Criminal Enforcement Service of Ukraine).
It was established that Clause 4, Part 2, Art. 65 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine (hereinafter referred to as the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine) of medical workers who, in connection with the performance of professional or official duties, became aware of an illness, medical examination, examination and their results, intimate and family aspects of a person’s life - about information, which constitute a medical secret, it is not allowed to be questioned as witnesses. In such a case, interrogation is possible on the condition that the medical worker is released from the obligation to keep professional secrecy by the person who entrusted them with this information, to the extent determined by him.
It was found that, as of today, in Ukrainian legislation, the term «medical worker» is contained in several subordinate legal acts, and their content is not the same; the term «medical secrecy» is not formally defined, and such a component of the term «medical secrecy» as «intimate and family aspects of a person’s life» is not defined either in the criminal procedural law or in any other regulatory legal acts.
Conclusions were made about the need to improve the conceptual apparatus in terms of regulating the questioning of medical workers as witnesses by unifying and specifying the terms «medical worker» and «medical confidentiality», as well as making changes to Clause 4, Part 2 of Art. 65 further - CCP of Ukraine.
Forensic support for the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle (drone) in a pre-trial investigation
Authors: Tychyna D. , Antoshchuk A. , Pertsev R. 
Published: September 2023

The activity of the investigator at the initial stage of the pretrial investigation is a single, interdependent system of procedural actions aimed at identifying, recording, extracting and researching traces of a criminal offense, determining the further direction of the next stage of the investigation. The investigation of criminal offenses requires modern, latest, practical means based on comprehensive scientific and praxeological studies with the use of digital technologies when conducting investigative (search) actions.
The practical use of unmanned aerial vehicles has grown dramatically over the past two decades, which has made them quite an effective tool in various spheres of social activity and has led to a significant amount of scientific developments. Law enforcement activities are no exception. Such technologies have become an everyday and integral part of our society, which is associated with rapid technological development, computerization, mobility, safety, ease, reliability, affordability and economic benefit. Despite these attractive advantages, UAVs are characterized by operational limitations due to several critical issues in terms of flight autonomy, trajectory planning, battery life, flight time, and payload capacity.
Attention is drawn in detail to the fact that unmanned aerial vehicles are a promising tool for investigating the place of the commission of a criminal offense. In today’s conditions, its use in forensics, practical activities of law enforcement agencies on a permanent basis is very relevant. It is noted that the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in law enforcement agencies and in forensics, in particular, can bring it to a new level of development. Such an aircraft will serve as a chain of interaction between the investigator and the expert forensic center and the scene of the crime.
Thus, the main goal of this study is to provide practical recommendations for forensic support for the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle (drone) in pretrial investigation. The stated provisions and practical recommendations in the article are relevant in the context of the use of modern technologies by practical workers.
Prisoner of War in the context of «hybrid war»: philosophical and legal dimensions
Authors: Poltorakov O. 
Published: September 2023

In the broader context of transformations in the modern world order, the «hybrid warfare» concept has become a vital framework for assessing and understanding these changes within the realm of general social science. It encompasses a wide array of subjects, objects, principles, structures, norms, institutions, rules, and manifestations that are currently undergoing significant shifts. These transformations are observable across collective subjects, actors, and participants involved in social processes, operating at both macro and micro levels. As a result, their social roles and socio-legal statuses have become increasingly blurred, intertwined, and diversified.
This dynamic landscape is particularly evident when examining specific social groups, such as «prisoners of war» and related categories like «hostages.» These groups serve as focal points for analyzing the broader context of complex and often ambiguous situations, like the russian-Ukrainian war. It is within these evolving dynamics that these social groups experience significant «mutations» driven by external factors that are socially comprehensible.
These mutations give rise to indirect status polarization among the respective social groups, characterized by a complex amalgamation of elements involving both «victimization» and «stigmatization,» as well as «heroization» and «idealization.» These nuanced perceptions and portrayals are particularly prominent within public opinion and media and information discourse.
Recognizing and comprehending the implications of these changes within the context of hybrid warfare is crucial. It sheds light on the multifaceted consequences for the subjects and objects involved, providing valuable insights into the evolving nature of the modern world order. Understanding the impact on various social groups, including prisoners of war and hostages, can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the complex social dynamics at play in the contemporary global landscape. By examining these transformations, researchers and policymakers can better address the challenges and opportunities posed by the hybrid warfare paradigm and its effects on societies worldwide.
Knowledge Study of the Oral Cavity and Systemic Diseases of Dentistry and Medical Students
Authors: Siregar Darmayanti , Marbun Astri Hartati , Refwita Nindy Nafisah , Khairima Nisa , Jannah MiftahKhul 
Published: September 2023

Background: Oral health is a healthy condition of hard and soft tissue and related components of the oral cavity, allowing each individual to eat, speak and interact socially. An unhealthy oral cavity can cause several diseases affecting general health and quality of life. Caries, periodontal disease, and xerostomia are oral cavity diseases that often occur. It can disrupt the normal flora, causing infection to suppress the immune system that can worsen other systemic diseases. Students' awareness of the importance of oral health aims to make an early diagnosis so that practitioners can carry out adequate treatment to prevent disease. Objective: The evaluation of knowledge about oral cavity and systemic diseases in dentistry and medicine students, University of North Sumatra, Indonesia Materials and Methods: The study was conducted with 140 dentists and medical students. This research used an analytic survey with a cross-sectional design using a questionnaire. Sampling using a simple random sampling method and analyzed by Chi-square test. Results: The level of knowledge of dental students with good knowledge was 94.29%, sufficient knowledge was 5.71%, and no knowledge was lacking. For medical students, 77.14% had good knowledge, 18.57% had adequate knowledge, and 4.29% lacked knowledge. Conclusion: The level of knowledge about oral cavity diseases with systemic diseases in college students is suitable, although some respondents have sufficient to insufficient knowledge.
Dental Bridge Procedure to Straighten Loose Teeth, A Review
Authors: Ifwandi Ifwandi 
Published: September 2023

Background: A dental bridge is a treatment that fills spaces or gaps between teeth or fills in missing teeth. Bridges can help restore bite and maintain the natural shape of the face. The procedure for closing or making abutments between the gaping tooth spaces uses dentures (called pontics). Objective: Report and explain the dental bridge process to straighten loose teeth. Materials and Methods: Based on the author's knowledge, this review included theory or case studies from Elsevier, Willey, MDPI, Hindawi Publishing, Dove Press, and Pubmed journals. Several (35 articles) of these manuscripts are then identified for appropriateness with the subjects provided in this study, assessed descriptively, and described based on the manuscript's flow or scientific principles. Results: Pontics are made of porcelain to match the natural color of the teeth. After the pontic is implanted, there is no more space between the teeth. In general, this procedure is needed to: Restore the teeth's ability to bite and chew, Clarify speech when you speak, Maintain facial shape, and Prevent remaining teeth from falling out or shifting positions. Four types of dental bridges are an option to "bridge" the empty dental space: Traditional bridge, Cantilever bridge, Maryland bridge, and Implant-supported dental bridge. Pontic installation through this process must be repeated every 5-15 years, depending on the type of treatment. This paper reports several types of dental bridges that can be used as references to improve understanding of prosthodontics. Conclusion: A dental bridge uses dentures anchored to teeth or implants to replace lost teeth permanently, improving speech, restoring a smile, and preventing tooth loss.
The study of doctors’ attitude to the use of fixed combinations in the therapy of arterial hypertension
Authors: Malanchuk N. V. , Demchuk M. B. 
Published: September 2023

Aim. To study doctors’ attitude to the prescription of fixed combinations of antihypertensive drugs by a questionnaire survey, as well as the factors that determine this choice.
Materials and methods. Specially designed questionnaires were used for the study; the data were analyzed using the method of a priori ranking, system analysis, mathematical-statistical methods, the analogy and comparison methods.
Results. The questionnaire survey involved 162 doctors, among them cardiologists (45.1 % of the sample) with the work experience from 12 to 40 years dominated. The studies have shown that most doctors prefer to combine angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors with a diuretic or a calcium channel blocker. When prescribing fixed combinations, their effectiveness, safety and duration of action of the medicines selected are taken into account.
Conclusions. A sociological study has been conducted among doctors; the groups of combined antihypertensive drugs that are preferred have been identified. It has been found that for the further development of the pharmaceutical provision of the population, doctors see the need to develop new combined medicines. Therefore, according to the interviewed doctors, such combinations of drugs as ramipril with indapamide, bisoprolol with indapamide, metoprolol with ramipril and indapamide; ramipril with amlodipine and indapamide are the most relevant, safe and effective among the new drugs proposed for the development.
Depressão infantil
Authors: Campos Ana Christina Mageste Castelar , Barbirato Fábio 
Published: September 2023

Um transtorno depressivo é uma doença que envolve o corpo, o humor e os pensamentos. Ele afeta a maneira da pessoa se alimentar e dormir, como ela se sente em relação a si própria e como se pensa sobre as coisas. Um transtorno depressivo não é o mesmo que uma tristeza passageira. As pessoas com uma doença depressiva não podem simplesmente “se acalmar” e melhorar. Sem tratamento os sintomas podem durar semanas, meses ou anos. Um tratamento apropriado, porém, pode ajudar muitas pessoas que sofrem de depressão. Somente nas duas últimas décadas a depressão infantil foi levada a sério. A criança deprimida pode fingir estar doente, recusar-se a ir à escola, se agarrar num dos pais ou se preocupar por achar que o pai vai morrer. Crianças maiores podem ficar mal-humoradas, ter problemas na escola, mostrar-se negativas, resmungonas e sentir-se incompreendidas.
Microcefalia e os desafios do pós diagnóstico
Authors: Silva Sandra Paula Peu da , Petribú Kátia Cristina Lima de 
Published: September 2023

A microcefalia é uma doença rara que deixa a cabeça e o cérebro de crianças menor do que deveria ser. Os padecentes da disfunção têm problemas de desenvolvimento e a doença não tem cura. Por ser uma enfermidade relativamente nova, ainda não se sabe exatamente o motivo pela qual o adoecimento surge, mas acredita-se ser por meio do Zika Vírus, transmitido pelo mosquito Aedes Aegypti. A maior incidência de microcefalia está no nordeste brasileiro, principalmente no estado de Pernambuco, que teve 1601 casos registrados e 209 pacientes confirmados, além do estado ter decretado estado de emergência em saúde pública. Mas e as famílias de crianças com microcefalia? A partir do momento que recebem o diagnóstico o que muda na rotina dessas famílias? Qual o desafio dessas mães?
Occipital artery: Anatomical variations and neurosurgical applications
Authors: Muthana Ahmed , Al-Gertani Mustafa R. , Ahmed Fatimah Oday , Etaiwi Almutasimbellah K. , Al-Badri Sajjad G. , Atallah Oday , Algabri Mostafa H. , Ismail Mustafa , Hoz Samer S. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The occipital artery (OA) is a branch of the external carotid artery. It gives rise to several cutaneous, muscular, and meningeal branches to supply different anatomical areas. The implication of OA in the neurosurgical field is well-established in the literature. Our aim in this study is to draw a complete picture of the anatomical variations and neurosurgical applications of the OA.

Methods:
A literature review was conducted in Google Scholar and PubMed to review the studies discussing OA, its anatomical variation, and neurosurgical applications.

Results:
We identified 29 articles that discuss the anatomical variations and neurosurgical applications of the OA. Certain variables are used to describe the surgical anatomy of OA. We also discussed certain applications of OA and its importance in neurosurgical bypass, embolization, and aneurysms.

Conclusion:
Comprehending the anatomy of the OA is crucial for neurosurgeons to safely and effectively perform procedures such as bypass and embolization. In addition, knowledge of the anatomical variations of the OA can help surgeons anticipate potential challenges and tailor their approach accordingly.
The relationship between the quality of education and safety at work in the oil and gas industry: an analysis of experience and prospects for development
Authors: Марваев М.Х. , Райманов Д.М. , Ямалтдинов Л.З. , Ахметгараев А.А. , Сафаргалин А.А. 
Published: September 2023

В эпоху активного технологического развития, когда глобализация и цифровизация становятся ключевыми драйверами промышленного прогресса, образование приобретает все большее значение. В частности, в нефтегазовой отрасли, которая считается одной из наиболее технологически сложных и потенциально опасных, актуальность качественного обучения персонала выходит на первый план. Согласно данным Международной ассоциации нефти и газа (IOGP), в 2020 году было зарегистрировано около 3400 инцидентов на производстве в нефтегазовой отрасли. Более 90% из них могли бы быть предотвращены при условии наличия у персонала соответствующих знаний и навыков. В то же время, по данным Института энергетики имени Джеймса Бейкера (James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy), компании, вкладывающиеся в образование своих сотрудников, на 20-25% снижают риски производственных аварий. Это подтверждает гипотезу о прямой связи между уровнем образования персонала и безопасностью на производстве. В данной работе мы проведем анализ взаимосвязи качества образования и безопасности на производстве на примере нефтегазовой отрасли. Отдельное внимание будет уделено опыту таких компаний как "Лукойл", "Роснефть" и "Тюменьнефтегаз", которые в последние годы активно инвестируют в обучение своего персонала и демонстрируют положительную динамику в области снижения числа производственных инцидентов.
In the era of active technological development, when globalization and digitalization are becoming key drivers of industrial progress, education is becoming increasingly important. In particular, in the oil and gas industry, which is considered one of the most technologically complex and potentially dangerous, the relevance of high-quality personnel training comes to the fore. According to the International Oil and Gas Association (IOGP), in 2020, about 3,400 industrial incidents were registered in the oil and gas industry. More than 90% of them could have been prevented if the staff had the appropriate knowledge and skills. At the same time, according to the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, companies that invest in the education of their employees reduce the risks of industrial accidents by 20-25%. This confirms the hypothesis of a direct link between the level of education of personnel and safety at work. In this paper, we will analyze the relationship between the quality of education and safety at work on the example of the oil and gas industry. Special attention will be paid to the experience of such companies as Lukoil, Rosneft and Tyumenneftegaz, which in recent years have been actively investing in training their personnel and demonstrating positive dynamics in reducing the number of industrial incidents.