bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Millimeter‐Wave WISP Search with Coherent Light‐Shining‐Through‐a‐Wall Toward the STAX Project
Authors: Miyazaki Akira , Lofnes Tor , Caspers Fritz , Spagnolo Paolo , Jelonnek John , Ruess Tobias , Steinmann Johannes L. , Thumm Manfred 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA dark photon is one of the simplest extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics and can be a dark matter candidate. Dark photons kinetically mix with ordinary photons. The mass range from 10−4to 10−3 eV of such dark photons is underconstrained by laboratory‐based experiments and a new search is therefore motivated. In this mass range, dark photons behave like waves rather than particles and the corresponding electromagnetic waves are in the millimeter‐wave range. The technical difficulties of the millimeter waves have prevented so far dark photon experiments in this mass range. The use of coherent millimeter waves to search for dark photons in a Light‐Shining‐through‐a‐Wall (LSW) experiment is proposed. The merits and limitations of coherent wave detection are clarified and the potential of single photon sensors at microwaves is investigated. Development of millimeter‐wave technology is not only limited to dark photons. Technically, an experiment for dark photons by using electromagnetic waves resembles that for axions, another light dark matter candidate, with static magnetic fields. This paper represents an essential step toward axion LSW in the millimeter‐wave range (Sub‐THz‐AXion experiment; STAX) as a potential successor of an on‐going experiment in infrared.
Enantioselective Synthesis of cis‐Decalins by Merging the Birch Reduction and Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Si Xu‐Ge , Feng Shi‐Xiong , Wang Zhuo‐Yan , Chen Xiaoyu , Xu Meng‐Meng , Zhang Yu‐Zhen , He Jun‐Xiong , Yang Limin , Cai Quan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHerein, we show that the combination of the Birch reduction of readily available anisole derivatives and the catalytic asymmetric inverse‐electron‐demand Diels–Alder reaction of 2‐pyrones can serve as a powerful platform for the diverse synthesis of synthetically important cis‐decalin scaffolds. Enabled by a well‐modified chiral bis(oxazoline) ligand/CuII complex, a wide range of polysubstituted cis‐decalin scaffolds with up to six contiguous stereocenters were generated efficiently. The synthetic potential of this method is demonstrated by the concise synthesis of the sesquiterpene (+)‐occidentalol and a key intermediate for seven triterpenes. Mechanistic studies suggest the 1,3‐cyclohexadienes formed in situ are the key intermediates, and efficient kinetic resolution occurs when C2‐ and/or C3‐substituted 1,4‐cyclohexadienes are utilized as substrates. DFT calculations elucidated that the Diels–Alder reaction proceeds in a stepwise fashion and revealed the origins of the stereoselectivities.
A sustainable route toward the synthesis of highly substituted imidazole and quinoxaline derivatives using CuO@g‐C3N4 as an efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst
Authors: Gajurel Sushmita , Sarkar Rajib , Sarkar Fillip Kumar , Kyndiah Lenida , Pal Amarta Kumar 
Published: June 2023

This work demonstrates the preparation, characterization, and catalytic application of CuO@g‐C3N4 nanoparticles in synthesizing biologically and pharmaceutically important tetrasubstituted imidazole and quinoxaline derivatives. Highly substituted imidazoles of wide functionalities were synthesized in good yields (71%–85%) using EtOH as a solvent under refluxed conditions within 3–4 h. Similarly, a diverse range of quinoxaline derivatives were synthesized, which rendered moderate to good yield (65%–90%) of the products within 5–60 min in solvent‐free reaction conditions. The practical applicability of the developed protocol is shown by performing a gram‐scale reaction of quinoxaline. Furthermore, the reusability of the catalyst was studied up to the fifth consecutive cycle without much significant decrease in the activity of the catalyst. Additionally, the use of cheap metal and supported materials, shorter reaction time, high substrate scope, and easy recyclability of the catalyst are some of the salient features of the developed protocol.
Range of rotation of thoracolumbar vertebrae in Japanese macaques
Authors: Kinoshita Yuki , Hirasaki Eishi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn humans, the range of thoracic vertebral rotation is known to be greater than that of the lumbar vertebrae due to their zygapophyseal orientation and soft tissue structure. However, little is known regarding vertebral movements in non‐human primate species, which are primarily quadrupedal walkers. To understand the evolutionary background of human vertebral movements, this study estimated the range of axial rotation of the thoracolumbar spine in macaque monkeys. First, computed tomography (CT) was performed while passively rotating the trunk of whole‐body cadavers of Japanese macaques, after which the motion of each thoracolumbar vertebra was estimated. Second, to evaluate the influence of the shoulder girdle and surrounding soft tissues, specimens with only bones and ligaments were prepared, after which the rotation of each vertebra was estimated using an optical motion tracking system. In both conditions, the three‐dimensional coordinates of each vertebra were digitized, and the axial rotational angles between adjacent vertebrae were calculated. In the whole‐body condition, the lower thoracic vertebrae had a greater range of rotation than did the other regions, similar to that observed in humans. In addition, absolute values for the range of rotation were similar between humans and macaques. However, in the bone–ligament preparation condition, the upper thoracic vertebrae had a range of rotation similar to that of the lower thoracic vertebrae. Contrary to previous speculations, our results showed that the mechanical restrictions by the ribs were not as significant; rather, the shoulder girdle largely restricted the rotation of the upper thoracic vertebrae, at least, in macaques.
Quantitative determination of rhamnolipid using HPLC‐UV through carboxyl labeling
Authors: Zhou Jing , Miao Si‐Jia , Yang Shi‐Zhong , Liu Jin‐Feng , Gang Hong‐Ze , Mu Bo‐Zhong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRhamnolipid, as a low‐toxic, biodegradable and environmentally friendly biosurfactant, has broad application prospects in many industries. However, the quantitative determination of rhamnolipid is still a challenging task. Here, a new sensitive method for the quantitative analysis of rhamnolipid based on a simple derivatization reaction was developed. In this study, 3‐[3′‐(l‐rhamnopyranosyloxy) decanoyloxy] decanoic acid (Rha‐C10‐C10) and 3‐[3′‐(2′‐O‐α‐l‐rhamnopyranosyloxy) decanoyloxy] decanoic acid (Rha‐Rha‐C10‐C10) were utilized as the representative rhamnolipids. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultra violet results showed that these two compounds were successfully labeled with 1 N1‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐1,2‐ethylenediamine. There was an excellent linear relationship between rhamnolipid concentration and peak area of labeled rhamnolipid. The detection limits of the Rha‐C10‐C10 and Rha‐Rha‐C10‐C10 were 0.018 mg/L (36 nmol/L) and 0.014 mg/L (22 nmol/L), respectively. The established amidation method was suitable for the accurate analysis of rhamnolipids in the biotechnological process. The method had good reproducibility with the relative standard deviation of 0.96% and 0.79%, respectively, and sufficient accuracy with a recovery of 96%–100%. This method was applied to quantitative analysis of 10 rhamnolipid homologs metabolized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa LJ‐8. The single labeling method was used for the quantitative analysis of multiple components, which provided an effective method for the quality evaluation of other glycolipids with carboxyl groups.
Einfluss der Rippengeometrie auf den Verbund von Betonstahl aus Ringen
Authors: Fröse Johannes , Fischer Oliver 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBetonstahl in Ringen weist gegenüber konventionellem Bewehrungsstabstahl eine veränderte Rippengeometrie mit breiten Rippen auf, um eine möglichst verschleißarme Weiterverarbeitung mit Biege‐ und Richtprozessen zu ermöglichen. Die Kombination aus kleinen Rippenabständen und breiten Rippen führt zu einer reduzierten Verbundtragfähigkeit, obwohl die Bewehrungsstäbe eine große bezogene Rippenfläche aufweisen. Anhand einer experimentellen Studie mit Ausziehversuchen wurde der Einfluss der Rippengeometrie auf die Verbundtragfähigkeit von Betonstahl aus Ringen untersucht. An Betonstahl aus Ringen wurde dabei eine viel geringere Verbundtragfähigkeit im Vergleich zu konventionellem Bewehrungsstabstahl ermittelt. Bei der Überprüfung anhand einer Versuchsdatenbank mit Übergreifungs‐ und Verankerungsversuchen aus der Literatur wurde ein deutlicher Einfluss der Rippenhöhe und des Rippenabstands auf die Verbundtragfähigkeit festgestellt. Große Kopfbreiten der Rippen führten ebenfalls zu einer reduzierten Verbundfestigkeit. Im Gegensatz zu bisherigen Erkenntnissen war die versuchstechnisch ermittelte Verbundtragfähigkeit jedoch weitestgehend unabhängig vom Rechenwert der bezogenen Rippenfläche. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse zeigen, dass andere Parameter und Indikatoren den Rechenwert der bezogenen Rippenfläche sinnvoll ergänzen würden, um die Verbundfestigkeit von Betonstahl aus Ringen genauer zu beschreiben.
Dual‐targeting multifunctional hyaluronic acid ligand‐capped gold nanorods with enhanced endo‐lysosomal escape ability for synergetic photodynamic–photothermal therapy of cancer
Authors: Xu Xin Jun , Li Yi , Hui Hao , Liu Chang Ling , Fu Yan , Yang Hong Yu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAu nanorods (AuNRs) have attracted considerable interest as drug delivery systems because of their enhanced cell internalization and stronger drug‐loading ability. In addition, the incorporation of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) into one nanosystem presents great promise to defect multiple drawbacks in cancer therapy. Herein, we fabricated a multifunctional and dual‐targeting nanoplatform based on hyaluronic acid‐grafted‐(mPEG/triethylenetetramine‐conjugated‐lipoic acid/tetra(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin/folic acid) polymer ligand capped AuNRs (AuNRs@HA‐g‐(mPEG/Teta‐co‐(LA/TCPP/FA)) for combined photodynamic–photothermal therapy of cancer. The prepared nanoparticles displayed high TCPP loading capacity and excellent stability in different biological media. Furthermore, AuNRs@HA‐g‐(mPEG/Teta‐co‐(LA/TCPP/FA)) not only could produce a localized hyperthermia to conduct PTT, but also generate cytotoxic singlet oxygen (1O2) to perform PDT under laser irradiation. Confocal imaging results disclosed that this nanoparticle endowing the specific function of polymeric ligand could enhance cellular uptake, accelerate endo/lysosomal escape, as well as produce higher reactive oxygen species. Importantly, this combination therapy strategy could also induce higher anticancer potential than PDT or PTT only against MCF‐7 tumor cells in vitro. Therefore, this work presented an AuNRs‐based therapeutic nanoplatform with great potential in dual‐targeting and photo‐induced combination therapy of cancer.
Light controlled self‐escape capability of non‐cationic carbon nitride‐based nanosheets in lysosomes for hepatocellular carcinoma targeting stimulus‐responsive gene delivery
Authors: Liu Ming‐Xuan , Xu Li , Jiang Jia‐Yi , Dong Hai‐Chen , Zhu Peng‐Fei , Cao Lei , Chen Jing , Zhang Xiao‐Ling 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHigh positive charge‐induced toxicity, easy lysosomal degradation of nucleic acid drugs, and poor lesion sites targeting are major problems faced in the development of gene carriers. Herein, we proposed the concept of self‐escape non‐cationic gene carriers for targeted delivery and treatment of photocontrolled hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with sufficient lysosome escape and multiple response capacities. Functional DNA was bound to the surface of biotin‐PEG2000‐modified graphitic carbon nitride (Bio‐PEG‐CN) nanosheets to form non‐cationic nanocomplexes Bio‐PEG‐CN/DNA. These nanocomposites could actively target HCC tissue. Once these nanocomplexes were taken up by tumor cells, the accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by Bio‐PEG‐CN under LED irradiation would disrupt the lysosome structure, thereby facilitating nanocomposites escape. Due to the acidic microenvironment and lipase in the HCC tissue, the reversible release of DNA could be promoted to complete the transfection process. Meanwhile, the fluorescence signal of Bio‐PEG‐CN could be monitored in real time by fluorescence imaging technology to investigate the transfection process and mechanism. In vitro and in vivo results further demonstrated that these nanocomplexes could remarkably upregulate the expression of tumor suppressor protein P53, increased tumor sensitivity to ROS generated by nanocarriers, and realized effective gene therapy for HCC via loading P53 gene.
An analysis of sustainable consumption practices through the role of the consumer behavior in the circular economy
Authors: Santos ‐Corrada María De Los M. , Méndez‐Tejeda Rafael , Flecha‐Ortiz Jose A. , Lopez Evelyn 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSustainable consumption analyses the choice of products to address environmental issues. In recent years, the circular economy model () has offered strategies as possible solutions to address the growing demand for action on climate justice. The success of a business model depends on understanding the consumer's role. The power of individual consumer actions is vital for minimizing the adverse impacts of climate change. Although the effectiveness of in the business sector has been studied, the literature has ignored the role of consumers in sustainable consumption practices through. Thus, using a survey technique, this quantitative study analyzed part of the theoretical model of Mostaghel and Chirumalla to analyze how awareness and consumer attitude significantly impact purchase intention and ethical purchasing behavior. The data analyzed through PLS‐SEM reflected several theoretical implications in the forms of consumer behavior, a topic that has not been addressed in the literature.
UHPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap HR‐MS‐Based Metabolomics for Profiling the Sida rhombifolia Metabolites with Different Plant Organs and Cultivation Ages
Authors: Silviani Dea , Zam Astari Safirah , Anggraini Septianingsih Dewi , Hudatul Karomah Alfi , Ilmiawati Auliya , Dyah Syafitri Utami , Tri Wahyuni Wulan , Siti Aminah Nanik , Insanu Muhamad , Rohman Abdul , Rafi Mohamad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPlant organs and cultivation ages can result in different compositions and concentration levels of plant metabolites. The metabolite profile of plants can be determined using liquid chromatography. This study determined the metabolite profiles of leaves, stems, and roots of Sida rhombifolia at different cultivation ages at 3, 4, and 5 months post‐planting (MPP) using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The results identified that 41 metabolites in S. rhombifolia extract for all plant organs and cultivation ages. We successfully identified approximately 36 (leaves), 22 (stems), and 18 (roots) compounds in all extract. Using principal component analysis (PCA) with peak area as the variable, we clustered all sample extracts based on plant organs and cultivation ages. As a result of PCA, S. rhombifolia extracts were grouped according to plant organs and cultivation ages. In conclusion, a clear difference in the composition and concentration levels of metabolites was observed in the leaves, stems, and roots of S. rhombifolia harvested at 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐MPP.
Dicavitary twin pregnancy in patient with bicornuate bicollis uterine anomaly
Authors: Karunaratne Mihiri , Melber Dora J. , Su H. Irene , Ramos Gladys A. 
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical MessageTwin pregnancies in uterine didelphys and uterus bicornuate bicollis represent dicavitary twin pregnancies that can be managed using similar principles. Consideration must be given to delivery planning including mode of delivery and uterine incision.AbstractDicavitary twin pregnancies present unique challenges for obstetric management. This case demonstrates an approach to management of a bicornuate bicollis twin pregnancy and provides a contemporary review of the literature on dicavitary twin pregnancies.
Osteitis Condensans Illi – An overlooked cause of low back pain mimicking sacroiliitis
Authors: Bashyal Krishna , Dhungana Kamal , Yadav Deepesh , Poudel Dilli Ram , Ghimire Calvin , Balmuri Shravya 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOsteitis Condensans Illi (OCI) is an underrecognized cause of low back pain involving iliac bones with relative sparing of sacroiliac joint. We present a case of 48‐year‐old female who was diagnosed as a case of OCI after having back symptoms for 4 years.
Detection of CSF1 gene derangement in ‘sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia’ of the parotid gland masquerading as Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Cheung Florence Man Fung , Chow Chit , Chan Jimmy Yu Wai 
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical MessageWhen faced with a slowly enlarging firm mass in the parotid gland accompanied by a histological picture of unusual sclerosis with abundant Langerhans cells and eosinophilic infiltrates, sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses. Further studies are warranted for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.AbstractSclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary gland with eosinophilia is a rare tumor mostly negative for the MAML2 rearrangement commonly seen in salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma. It was not listed as an entity in the 2022 WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumors. We presented one case initially diagnosed as Langerhans cell histiocytosis and recurred as a frankly invasive carcinoma. Molecular studies showed CSF1 gene derangement and provided new understanding concerning the Langerhans cell and eosinophilic reaction. Further molecular studies on this entity would throw light on its oncogenesis and refine its nomenclature.
Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of arterial hypertension in China: A prospective cohort study
Authors: He Zhi , Jia Yanhui , Li Jianxin , Cao Jie , Liu Fangchao , Li Hongfan , Chen Jichun , Hu Dongsheng , Shen Chong , Zhao Yingxin , Liu Xiaoqing , Yu Ling , Huang Jianfeng , Lu Xiangfeng , Gu Dongfeng , Chen Shufeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPopulation‐based epidemiological evidence regarding the association between fruit and vegetable intake and the incidence of hypertension is inconsistent. This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of new‐onset hypertension.MethodsBased on the project of Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China (China‐PAR), 58,981 Chinese adults without hypertension at baseline were included. Information on fruit and vegetable intake was collected using a food‐frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models were performed to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident hypertension.ResultsDuring 640,795 person‐years of follow‐up, 21,008 new cases of hypertension were recorded. Compared with participants in the lowest quintile (Q1) of total fruit and vegetable (TFV) intake, the HRs (95% CIs) of incident hypertension were 0.90 (0.86–0.95), 0.85 (0.81–0.90), 0.82 (0.78–0.86), and 0.83 (0.78–0.88) for the Q2 to Q5 group (ptrend < 0.001), respectively. In further analyses categorizing participants according to the recommended intake level (500 g/day), we found that increasing the intake of TFV, even though it was still insufficient for the recommendation, also had a protective effect against the incident hypertension. When considering the intake of fruit or vegetable separately, we found similar trends as the TFV intake.ConclusionThese results suggest that a higher intake of fruit and vegetable is beneficial for preventing hypertension in Chinese adults.
Can We Decarbonise Methanol Production by Direct Electrochemical CO2 Reduction?
Authors: Sheppard Alice , Del Angel Hernandez Veronica , Faul Charl F. J. , Fermin David J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMethanol is one of the most important chemical feedstocks, with an increase in global demand of more than 20 million tonnes since 2017. The current production of methanol is primarily from fossil fuel derived synthetic gas (syngas), producing up to 2.97 tonnes of CO2 per tonne of methanol. The direct electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR), i. e. systems in which CO2 is reduced to methanol at the cathode coupled to the oxygen evolution at the anode, is one of the most attractive approaches for decarbonising methanol production, using renewable energy sources as the power source. In this review, we critically discuss the progress and challenges associated with eCO2RR to methanol, with the aim of addressing the question of whether this approach can provide a feasible route to the decarbonisation of this key chemical commodity.
Nms‐Amides: An Amine Protecting Group with Unique Stability and Selectivity
Authors: Spieß Philipp , Sirvent Ana , Tiefenbrunner Irmgard , Sargueil Jules , Fernandes Anthony J. , Arroyo‐Bondía Ana , Meyrelles Ricardo , Just David , Prado‐Roller Alexander , Shaaban Saad , Kaiser Daniel , Maulide Nuno 
Published: June 2023

Abstractp‐Toluenesulfonyl (Tosyl) and nitrobenzenesulfonyl (Nosyl) are two of the most common sulfonyl protecting groups for amines in contemporary organic synthesis. While p‐toluenesulfonamides are known for their high stability/robustness, their use in multistep synthesis is plagued by difficult removal. Nitrobenzenesulfonamides, on the other hand, are easily cleaved but display limited stability to various reaction conditions. In an effort to resolve this predicament, we herein present a new sulfonamide protecting group, which we term Nms. Initially developed through in silico studies, Nms‐amides overcome these previous limitations and leave no room for compromise. We have investigated the incorporation, robustness and cleavability of this group and found it to be superior to traditional sulfonamide protecting groups in a broad range of case studies.
Textural characteristics of activated carbons prepared from agricultural residues‐review
Authors: Bedane Alemayehu , Guo Tianxiang , Shirani Babak , Xiao Huining 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAgricultural residues are the most available biomass resources in the world and can be exploited to produce various activated carbons at low cost. The textural properties of activated carbon, including surface area, pore size, pore size distribution, and certain surface functionalities are the main factors in the application of bio‐based electrode materials for energy storage devices and electrochemical catalyst for CO2 reduction reactions, gas adsorption and separation, in water and wastewater treatment. This paper reviews the physical characteristics of activated carbons produced from various biomass resources using different methods. The effects of different activation methods, sources of biomass, and other parameters on the surface properties such as specific surface area and pore volume of activated carbon are discussed. The differences in the characteristics of activated carbon made from different agricultural biomass resources under the same parameters are evaluated. Eventually, the application of abundant agricultural residues for fabricating supercapacitors' electrode materials is also discussed.