bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The MYB transcription factor RcMYB1 plays a central role in rose anthocyanin biosynthesis
Authors: He Guoren , Zhang Ren , Jiang Shenghang , Wang Huanhuan , Ming Feng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRose (Rosa hybrida) is one of most famous ornamental plants in the world, and its commodity value largely depends on its flower color. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying rose flower color is still unclear. In this study, we found that a key R2R3-MYB transcription factor, RcMYB1, plays a central role in rose anthocyanin biosynthesis. Overexpression of RcMYB1 significantly promoted anthocyanin accumulation in both white rose petals and tobacco leaves. In 35S:RcMYB1 transgenic lines, a significant accumulation of anthocyanins occurred in leaves and petioles. We further identified two MBW complexes (RcMYB1-RcBHLH42-RcTTG1; RcMYB1-RcEGL1-RcTTG1) associated with anthocyanin accumulation. Yeast one-hybrid and luciferase assays showed that RcMYB1 could active its own gene promoter and those of other EBGs (early anthocyanin biosynthesis genes) and LBGs (late anthocyanin biosynthesis genes). In addition, both of the MBW complexes enhanced the transcriptional activity of RcMYB1 and LBGs. Interestingly, our results also indicate that RcMYB1 is involved in the metabolic regulation of carotenoids and volatile aroma. In summary, we found that RcMYB1 widely participates in the transcriptional regulation of ABGs (anthocyanin biosynthesis genes), indicative of its central role in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation in rose. Our results provide a theoretical basis for the further improvement of the flower color trait in rose by breeding or genetic modification.
Prevalence and Outcomes of No Treatment Versus 5-ASA in Ulcerative Colitis: A Nationwide Analysis From the epi-IIRN
Authors: Atia Ohad , Magen Rimon Ramit , Ledderman Natan , Greenfeld Shira , Kariv Revital , Loewenberg Weisband Yiska , Shaoul Ron , Matz Eran , Odes Shmuel , Goren Idan , Yanai Henit , Dotan Iris , Turner Dan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Data regarding patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) not receiving maintenance treatment are scarce. In this nationwide study, we aimed to explore the frequency and long-term outcomes of untreated patients with UC vs treated patients.

Methods
We retrieved data from Israel’s Health Maintenance Organizations, covering 98% of the population. No maintenance treatment (NMT) was defined as lack of treatment during the period from 3 to 6 months from diagnosis, allowing at most 3 months for induction treatment.

Results
A total of 15 111 patients have been diagnosed with UC since 2005, of whom 4410 (29%) have had NMT, with 36 794 person-years of follow-up. NMT was more likely in adults (31%) and in elderly-onset UC (29%) than in pediatric-onset UC (20%; P &lt; .001) and decreased from 38% in 2005 to 18% in 2019 (P &lt; .001). The probability of remaining without treatment was 78%, 49%, and 37% after 1, 3, and 5 years from diagnosis, respectively. In propensity score–matched analysis of 1080 pairs of treated (93% with 5-aminosalicylic acid) and untreated patients, outcomes were comparable for time to biologics (P = .6), surgery (P = .8), steroid dependency (P = .09), and hospitalizations (P = .2). Multivariable modeling indicated that failing NMT was less likely in adults or elderly-onset patients who received at most rectal therapy or antibiotics as induction therapy.

Conclusions
Nowadays, 18% of patients with UC do not receive maintenance therapy, of whom half remain without treatment after 3 years. Matched pairs of patients on NMT and 5-aminosalicylic acid, representing the mildest patients of the latter, had similar outcomes. Prospective studies are needed to further explore the role of NMT in UC.
Third-order moment varieties of linear non-Gaussian graphical models
Authors: Améndola Carlos , Drton Mathias , Grosdos Alexandros , Homs Roser , Robeva Elina 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we study linear non-Gaussian graphical models from the perspective of algebraic statistics. These are acyclic causal models in which each variable is a linear combination of its direct causes and independent noise. The underlying directed causal graph can be identified uniquely via the set of second and third-order moments of all random vectors that lie in the corresponding model. Our focus is on finding the algebraic relations among these moments for a given graph. We show that when the graph is a polytree, these relations form a toric ideal. We construct explicit trek-matrices associated to 2-treks and 3-treks in the graph. Their entries are covariances and third-order moments and their $2$-minors define our model set-theoretically. Furthermore, we prove that their 2-minors also generate the vanishing ideal of the model. Finally, we describe the polytopes of third-order moments and the ideals for models with hidden variables.
Competition enforcement versus regulation as market-opening tools: an application to banking and payment systems
Authors: Franck Jens-Uwe 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article analyses three routes for the formation of market-opening rules: competition enforcement, legislative rulemaking, and market investigation. Using examples and case studies related to facilitating market access in banking and payment systems, we illustrate essential features and limitations of the different modes of rulemaking. The interrelation between them is explored, emphasizing the merits of having them available in parallel.
Aspergillus flavus from coffee in Cameroon: a non-aflatoxigenic endophytic isolate antagonistic to coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix)
Authors: Kapeua-Ndacnou Miraine , Nóbrega Thaisa F , Batista Luís R , Evans Harry C , Abreu Lucas M , Begoudé Didier A B , Reis Tatiana A , Barreto Robert W 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aims
Elucidating the identity of an isolate of Aspergillus sp. obtained during searches for anti-coffee leaf rust (CLR) biocontrol agents, from healthy coffee berry samples, preliminarily verify whether it is an aflatoxin-producer, confirm its ability to grow as an endophyte in healthy coffee tissues and assess its biocontrol potential against CLR.

Methods and results
One, among hundreds of fungal isolates fungus were obtained from healthy coffee tissues belonged to Aspergillus (isolate COAD 3307). A combination of morphology features and molecular analyses; including four regions—internal transcribed spacer, second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase (RPB2), β-tubulin (BenA) and calmodulin (CAL)—identified COAD 3307 as Aspergillus flavus. Inoculations of healthy Coffea arabica with COAD 3307 confirmed its establishment as an endophyte in leaves, stems, and roots. Treatment of C. arabica plants by combinated applications of COAD 3307 on aerial parts and in the soil, significantly (P &gt; .0001) reduced CLR severity as compared to controls. Thin-layer chromatography indicated that COAD 3307 is not an aflatoxin-producing isolate. In order to confirm this result, the extract was injected into high-performance liquid chromatography system equipped with a fluorescence detector, and no evidence of aflatoxin was found.

Conclusions
COAD 3307 is an endophytic isolate of A. flavus—a species that has never been previously recorded as an endophyte of Coffea spp. It is a non-aflatoxin producing strain that has an anti-CLR effect and merits further evaluation as a biocontrol agent.
Effects of organic and inorganic nitrogen sources on the transcriptome of gellan gum biosynthesis bySphingomonas paucimobilis
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhu GuiLan , Tong Qunyi , Ni Jiajia , Fang Xue , Chen Xiaozhong , Wang Ziying 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimInvestigate the effects of different nitrogen sources on the metabolic characteristics of Sphingomonas paucimobilis during gellan gum (GG) production was helpful for developing optimized conditions that are widely applicable to all GG production processes.Methods and resultsWe compared the effects of organic nitrogen (ON) and inorganic nitrogen (IN) sources during GG production using transcriptome sequencing. Our results showed that compared with the IN source, the ON source effectively improved the cell number and GG production of S. paucimobilis during fermentation. There were significant differences in gene transcription levels between the ON and IN groups at different fermentation times.ConclusionsThe transcriptional levels of multiple genes in the pathways from α-D-glucose-1P to glyceraldehyde-3P were reduced in the ON group, whereas those of multiple genes in the pathways from glyceraldehyde-3P to acetyl-CoA were significantly enhanced in the ON group after 12 h of fermentation. The transcription levels of multiple genes participating in the citrate cycle and upstream of fatty acid metabolism pathways were significantly enhanced in the ON group after 12 h of fermentation. Except for the transcripts per million (TPMs) of pgm and rfbA genes in ON, which were significantly higher than those in IN at 12 h after fermentation, the TPMs of the majority of genes in ON were significantly lower than those in IN. The transcription levels of genes participating in the transformation of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) to UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) were enhanced in the ON group during the fermentation process.
Metabolizable energy and apparent total tract digestibility of energy and nutrients differ among samples of sunflower meal and sunflower expellers fed to growing pigs
Authors: Ibagon Jimena A , Lee Su A , Stein Hans H 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that there are no differences among samples of sunflower coproducts in apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP), and acid hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE), total dietary fiber (TDF), insoluble dietary fiber, soluble dietary fiber (SDF), or in metabolizable energy (ME) regardless of where the ingredient was produced. Six samples of sunflower meal (SFM) were obtained from the United States (two samples), Ukraine (two samples), Hungary, and Italy. A sample of sunflower expellers (SFE) from the United States was also used. A corn-based control diet and 7 diets containing corn and each sample of sunflower coproducts were formulated. Sixty-four barrows (initial weight = 31.5 ± 3.2 kg) were allotted to 8 diets using a randomized complete block design with four blocks of pigs from four different weaning groups. Pigs were housed individually in metabolism crates and feed was provided at three times energy requirement for maintenance. Feces and urine were collected for four days after seven days of adaptation to diets. Results indicated that the ATTD of GE and CP in SFE was less (P &lt; 0.05) than in SFM, but ATTD of AEE in SFE was greater (P &lt; 0.05) compared with SFM. No difference in ME between SFM and SFE was observed. The ATTD of GE and TDF in SFM from Ukraine and Hungary was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than in SFM from the United States or Italy. The ATTD of AEE did not differ among SFM samples with the exception that ATTD of AEE in the U.S. 2 sample was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than in the other samples. The ATTD of SDF was less (P &lt; 0.05) in the U.S. 1 sample and the sample from Italy than in the other samples. The ATTD of TDF was greater in the Ukraine 2 sample of SFM (P &lt; 0.05) than in the two U.S. samples. The ME in the SFM samples from Ukraine and in the SFM from Hungary was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than in the U.S. 1 sample and the SFM from Italy. In conclusion, ATTD of GE and nutrients differed between SFM and SFE, but the ATTD of TDF and the ME in SFM was not different from value for SFE. Among SFM samples, relatively small variations in ATTD of GE, AEE, and CP were observed, but ME and digestibility of TDF varied.
Choreographing digital love: materiality, emotionality, and morality in video-mediated communication between Chinese migrant parents and their left-behind children
Authors: Gan Yumei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Video-mediated communication (VMC) has become particularly important for geographically dispersed families. Drawing on a 2-year video-based ethnographic study of under-resourced Chinese rural-to-urban migrant parents and their left-behind children, this article captures on-site distant parent–child VMC. Applying qualitative video analysis to study video calls, this article focuses on how people “choreograph” these video calls and investigates the improvised composition of actions and activities in mediated environment. The findings reveal that people coordinate the materiality, amplify the emotionality, and underpin the morality of love to sustain intimate relationships. Multigenerational parties, including parents, children, and grandparents, actively manage their connections through the moment-by-moment unfolding of choreographed actions in VMC. This study also highlights the bittersweet experiences, including the tension, contradictions, and asymmetries, among migrant parents, children, and the caregivers.
Identification and sex-specific expression of chemosensory genes in the antennal transcriptomes of Pachyrhinus yasumatsui (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Hong Bo , Zhai Yingyan , Yang Yiwei , Chang Qing , Li Guangwei , Zhang Feng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Pachyrhinus yasumatsui Kono et Morimoto is a major pest of Chinese jujube, which is widespread in northern China and causes severe economic losses in the jujube industry. Chemosensory genes play crucial roles in insect behaviors. Currently, little is known about chemosensory genes in P. yasumatsui. In the present study, antennal transcriptomes of female and male adult P. yasumatsui were annotated. In total, 113 genes involved in chemosensory functions were identified, including 41 odorant receptors, 28 odorant-binding proteins, 16 ionotropic receptors, 15 chemosensory proteins, 9 gustatory receptors, and 4 sensory neuron membrane proteins. Subsequently, the phylogenetic analyses of these olfactory-related proteins in P. yasumatsui were conducted using multiple sequence alignment. Furthermore, sex-specific expression levels of 113 genes were analyzed based on fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads (FPKM). Then, the quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to quantify gene expression profiles of 28 P. yasumatsui OBPs (PyasOBPs) and 15 CSPs (PyasCSPs). The results revealed that 20 PyasOBPs and 13 PyasCSPs exhibited significantly higher expression in the antennae than in the bodies, suggesting that they might have functions in olfaction. Moreover, some OBPs and CSPs (PyasOBP6, PyasOBP7, PyasOBP16, PyasOBP21, and PyasCSP4) exhibited female-biased expression, indicating that they might take part in several female-specific behaviors. This study will promote the understanding of olfactory mechanism in P. yasumatsui, and our findings lay the groundwork for developing environmentally friendly pest management measures.
CSF2 upregulates CXCL3 expression in adipocytes to promote metastasis of breast cancer via the FAK signaling pathway
Authors: He Xi , Wang Lieliang , Li Honghui , Liu Yaru , Tong Chang , Xie Caifeng , Yan Xiaohua , Luo Daya , Xiong Xiangyang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) in the tumor microenvironment are involved in the malignant progression of breast cancer. However, the underlying mechanism of CAA formation and its effects on the development of breast cancer are still unknown. Here, we show that CSF2 is highly expressed in both CAAs and breast cancer cells. CSF2 promotes inflammatory phenotypic changes of adipocytes through the Stat3 signaling pathway, leading to the secretion of multiple cytokines and proteases, particularly C–X–C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CXCL3). Adipocyte-derived CXCL3 binds to its specific receptor CXCR2 on breast cancer cells and activates the FAK pathway, enhancing the mesenchymal phenotype, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells. In addition, a combination treatment targeting CSF2 and CXCR2 shows a synergistic inhibitory effect on adipocyte-induced lung metastasis of mouse 4T1 cells in vivo. These findings elucidate a novel mechanism of breast cancer metastasis and provide a potential therapeutic strategy for breast cancer metastasis.
Host-seeking activity of adult Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) during winter in southern California, USA, and assessment of bluetongue virus overwintering
Authors: Zhang Xinmi , Gerry Alec C 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In southern California, USA, annual reoccurrence of bluetongue infection in cattle (Bos taurus Linnaeus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)) suggests that bluetongue virus (BTV) persists year-round but escapes detection during cooler months, reappearing when the weather gets warmer. The persistence of the virus in the adult biting midge vector, Culicoides sonorensis Wirth and Jones (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), has been suggested. However, it is unknown whether adult C. sonorensis are sufficiently active during the winter months to transmit BTV throughout this period. This study captured host-seeking C. sonorensis in the Chino dairy region of southern California throughout the BTV interseasonal period (winter through early spring) over 3 years to assess adult host-seeking activity and adult survival during this period. BTV prevalence in host-seeking midges was also determined. Host-seeking nulliparous and parous C. sonorensis were consistently captured throughout the winter months, which combined with wintertime adult midge survival of ≤27 d, suggests the BTV overwintering is likely due to ongoing low-level transmission to available cattle hosts. However, BTV was not detected in midges captured during January through April in this study, suggesting that BTV transmission during the winter months may be occurring at too low a level to detect even with the substantial trapping effort applied in this study.
Boundary-Making and Political Activism in Protracted Exile: Second-Generation Tibetan Refugees in India
Authors: Bloch Natalia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFor over six decades the Tibetan diaspora in India has followed a strategy of ‘non-assimilation’ towards Indian society. A majority of Tibetans still reside in self-governed settlements and maintain their self-imposed statelessness. Tibetan refugees have constructed boundaries that—according to the diaspora leaders—enable them to continue their political struggle for a free Tibet while in a state of protracted exile and imposed waiting. In this article, based on long-term ethnographic research, I discuss the mechanisms and rationale of this boundary-making by exploring its spatial, educational, and political dimensions. I then analyse the political activism which takes place within those boundaries, with a special focus on second-generation Tibetan refugees. I scrutinize the internal divisions in the Tibetan freedom movement, the radicalization of struggle, and the everyday patriotism practiced by generations born in exile, demonstrating that waiting has the potential to produce resistance.
WD J004917.14−252556.81: the most massive pulsating white dwarf
Authors: Kilic Mukremin , Córsico Alejandro H , Moss Adam G , Jewett Gracyn , De Gerónimo Francisco C , Althaus Leandro G 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We present Apache Point Observatory (APO) and Gemini time-series photometry of WD J004917.14−252556.81, an ultramassive DA white dwarf with $T_{\rm eff} = 13\, 020$ K and log g = 9.34. We detect variability at two significant frequencies, making J0049−2525 the most massive pulsating white dwarf currently known with M⋆ = 1.31 M⊙ (for a CO core) or 1.26 M⊙ (for an ONe core). J0049−2525 does not display any of the signatures of binary mergers, there is no evidence of magnetism, large tangential velocity, or rapid rotation. Hence, it likely formed through single star evolution and is likely to have an ONe core. Evolutionary models indicate that its interior is ≳99 per cent crystallized. Asteroseismology offers an unprecedented opportunity to probe its interior structure. However, the relatively few pulsation modes detected limit our ability to obtain robust seismic solutions. Instead, we provide several representative solutions that could explain the observed properties of this star. Extensive follow-up time-series photometry of this unique target has the potential to discover a significant number of additional pulsation modes that would help overcome the degeneracies in the asteroseismic fits, and enable us to probe the interior of an ≈1.3 M⊙ crystallized white dwarf.
Hydrodynamical evolution of black hole binaries embedded in AGN discs: II. dependence on equation of state, binary mass, and separation scales
Authors: Li Rixin , Lai Dong 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Stellar-mass binary black holes (BBHs) embedded in active galactic nucleus (AGN) discs offer a promising dynamical channel to produce black hole mergers that are detectable by LIGO/Virgo. Modelling the interactions between the disc gas and the embedded BBHs is crucial to understand their orbital evolution. Using a suite of 2D high-resolution simulations of prograde equal-mass circular binaries in local disc models, we systematically study how their hydrodynamical evolution depends on the equation of state (EOS; including the γ-law and isothermal EOS) and on the binary mass and separation scales (relative to the supermassive black hole mass and the Hill radius, respectively). We find that binaries accrete slower and contract in orbit if the EOS is far from isothermal such that the surrounding gas is diffuse, hot, and turbulent. The typical orbital decay rate is of the order of a few times the mass doubling rate. For a fixed EOS, the accretion flows are denser, hotter, and more turbulent around more massive or tighter binaries. The torque associated with accretion is often comparable to the gravitational torque, so both torques are essential in determining the long-term binary orbital evolution. We carry out additional simulations with non-accreting binaries and find that their orbital evolution can be stochastic and is sensitive to the gravitational softening length, and the secular orbital evolution can be very different from those of accreting binaries. Our results indicate that stellar-mass BBHs may be hardened efficiently under ideal conditions, namely less massive and wider binaries embedded in discs with a non-isothermal EOS.