bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomedical Micro‐/Nanomotors: Design, Imaging, and Disease Treatment
Authors: Liu Wei , Liu Ya , Li He , Nie Hongmei , Tian Maoye , Long Wei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUntethered mobile micro‐/nanomotors (MNMs), as newly‐emerging attractive and versatile nanotechnologies, are expected to be the next‐generation disease treatment tools, for breaking through the limitations of conventional passive drug delivery manner. However, the advances in these fascinating platforms have been hampered by the complexity of the biological environment and the particularity of disease microenvironment. Consequently, specific design strategies and clinical imaging techniques are essential to ensure the high‐efficiency of biomedical MNMs on actuation, targeting, localization, and therapy when performing assigned in vivo tasks. This review thus comprehensively addresses three aspects of biomedical MNMs, including design, imaging, and disease treatment, highlighting the intelligent MNMs with biomimetic functionality and chemotactic capability, emphasizing the applicability of different imaging techniques, and focusing on various proof‐of‐concept studies based on physiological characteristics for the treatment of major diseases. In addition, the key challenges and limitations of current biomedical MNMs are addressed, which may inspire future research and facilitate translation toward clinical treatment.
Insights on Artificial Interphases of Zn and Electrolyte: Protection Mechanisms, Constructing Techniques, Applicability, and Prospective
Authors: Yang Jingjing , Zhao Ran , Wang Yingshuai , Hu Zhifan , Wang Yahui , Zhang Anqi , Wu Chuan , Bai Ying 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) with metallic Zn anodes have emerged as promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage systems due to their inherent safety and competitive capacity. However, challenges of Zn anodes, including dendrite growth and side reactions, impede the commercialization of ZIBs. The regulation of the Zn/electrolyte interphase is a feasible method to achieve high‐performance ZIBs with prolonged lifespan and high reversibility. Considering the as‐made artificial interphase is the result of a combination of protection materials, protection mechanisms, and construction techniques, this review comprehensively summarizes the recent progress of interphase modulation and provides a systematic guideline for constructing ideal artificial layers. In addition to revealing the entanglement relationship between the failure behaviors of Zn anodes and timely concluding the emerging protection mechanisms for stable Zn/electrolyte interphase, this review also evaluates the constructing techniques in regard of commercialization, including engineering workflow, strength, shortcoming, applicable materials, and protection effect, aiming to pave the way to practical application. Finally, this review presents noteworthy points of ideal artificial layer. It is expected that this review can enlighten researchers to not only explore ideal interphases of Zn anodes for practical application, but also design other metal anodes in aqueous batteries with similar failure behaviors.
A Microenvironment Dual‐Responsive Nano‐Drug Equipped with PD‐L1 Blocking Peptide Triggers Immunogenic Pyroptosis for Prostate Cancer Self‐Synergistic Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang He , Gao Zhiyuan , Jiao Di , Zhang Yufan , Zhang Jingtian , Wang Tianjiao , Huang Yuhua , Zheng Donghui , Hou Jianquan , Ding Dan , Zhang Weijie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInduction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor combined with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy is widely developed to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. However, the current ICD induced based on apoptosis, i.e., immunogenic apoptosis, is often restricted in immunogenicity owing to the inflammatory quenching that occurs early in apoptosis. Recently, pyroptosis is demonstrated to be a more efficient ICD form, i.e., immunogenic pyroptosis. The cell contents released during pyroptosis can powerfully activate tumor immunogenicity. Herein, first, it is demonstrated that lower doses of epigenetic drug decitabine can increase GSDME expression in prostate cancer (PCa) RM‐1 cells and successfully induce an apoptosis‐pyroptosis transition after photodynamic therapy (PDT). Subsequently, a microenvironment dual‐responsive nano‐drug equipped with PD‐L1 blocking peptide (TSD@LSN‐D) is developed for self‐synergistic cancer immunotherapy. The poorly immunogenic RM‐1 PCa model confirm that the powerful antitumor immune response evoked by TSD@LSN‐D not only can effectively inhibit the primary tumor but also form a long‐term immune memory to prevent PCa recurrence and metastasis. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this work presents the first concept that promotes the apoptosis–pyroptosis transition after tumor PDT through epigenetic modulation. Furthermore, the powerful combination of immunogenic pyroptosis with ICB opens a new platform for PCa immunotherapy.
Electrochemically Induced Crystalline‐to‐Amorphous Transition of Dinuclear Polyoxovanadate for High‐Rate Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Xiaolei , Lin Zifeng , Jin Na , Sun Lei , Yang Xiaojiao , Liu Ying 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPolyoxometalates are intriguing high‐capacity anode materials for alkali‐metal‐ion storage due to their multi‐electron redox capabilities and flexible structure. However, their poor electrical conductivity and high working voltage severely restrict their practical application. Herein, the dinuclear polyoxovanadate Sr2V2O7·H2O with unusually high electrical conductivity is reported as a promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. During the initial lithiation process, the Sr2V2O7·H2O anode experiences an electrochemically induced crystalline‐to‐amorphous transition. The resulting amorphous structure provides high redox activity and fast reaction kinetics via reversible V4.9+/V2.8+ redox couple through the intercalation mechanism. Furthermore, when coupled with the LiFePO4 cathode, the strong VO bonds of the amorphous anode provide excellent structural stability, with the full‐cell capable of performing >12 000 cycles with a capacity retention of 72%. Another advantage of Sr2xV2O7‐δ·yH2O (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) is its composition adjustability, which enables delicately regulating the Sr vacancy content without destroying the structure. The defect Sr2xV2O7‐δ·yH2O (x = 0.5) electrodes show significantly improved specific capacity and rate capability without sacrificing other key properties, delivering a high specific capacity of 479 mAh g‐1 at 0.1 mA cm‐2 and 41.9% of its capacity in 2 min. Overall, the preliminary study points the way forward for the facile preparation of high‐quality polyoxometalates for advanced energy storage applications and beyond.
Machine‐Learning‐Assisted Nanozyme Design: Lessons from Materials and Engineered Enzymes
Authors: Zhuang Jie , Midgley Adam C. , Wei Yonghua , Liu Qiqi , Kong Deling , Huang Xinglu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNanozymes are nanomaterials that exhibit enzyme‐like biomimicry. In combination with intrinsic characteristics of nanomaterials, nanozymes have broad applicability in materials science, chemical engineering, bioengineering, biochemistry, and disease theranostics. Recently, the heterogeneity of published results has highlighted the complexity and diversity of nanozymes in terms of consistency of catalytic capacity. Machine learning (ML) shows promising potential for discovering new materials, yet it remains challenging for the design of new nanozymes based on ML approaches. Alternatively, ML is employed to promote optimization of intelligent design and application of catalytic materials and engineered enzymes. Incorporation of the successful ML algorithms used in the intelligent design of catalytic materials and engineered enzymes can concomitantly facilitate the guided development of next‐generation nanozymes with desirable properties. Here, recent progress in ML, its utilization in the design of catalytic materials and enzymes, and how emergent ML applications serve as promising strategies to circumvent challenges associated with time‐expensive and laborious testing in nanozyme research and development are summarized. The potential applications of successful examples of ML‐aided catalytic materials and engineered enzymes in nanozyme design are also highlighted, with special focus on the unified aims in enhancing design and recapitulation of substrate selectivity and catalytic activity.
Cell Therapy Biomanufacturing: Integrating Biomaterial and Flow‐Based Membrane Technologies for Production of Engineered T‐Cells
Authors: Bomb Kartik , LeValley Paige J. , Woodward Ian R. , Cassel Samantha E. , Sutherland Bryan P. , Bhattacharjee Arnab , Yun Zaining , Steen Jonathan , Kurdzo Emily , McCoskey Jacob , Burris David , Levine Kara , Carbrello Christina , Lenhoff Abraham M. , Fromen Catherine A. , Kloxin April M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAdoptive T‐cell therapies (ATCTs) are increasingly important for the treatment of cancer, where patient immune cells are engineered to target and eradicate diseased cells. The biomanufacturing of ATCTs involves a series of time‐intensive, lab‐scale steps, including isolation, activation, genetic modification, and expansion of a patient's T‐cells prior to achieving a final product. Innovative modular technologies are needed to produce cell therapies at improved scale and enhanced efficacy. In this work, well‐defined, bioinspired soft materials are integrated within flow‐based membrane devices for improving the activation and transduction of T‐cells. Hydrogel coated membranes (HCM) functionalized with cell‐activating antibodies are produced as a tunable biomaterial for the activation of primary human T‐cells. T‐cell activation utilizing HCMs lead to highly proliferative T‐cells that express a memory phenotype. Further, transduction efficiency is improved by several folds over static conditions by using a tangential flow filtration (TFF) flow‐cell, commonly used in the production of protein therapeutics, to transduce T‐cells under flow. The combination of HCMs and TFF technology leads to increased cell activation, proliferation, and transduction compared to current industrial biomanufacturing processes. The combined power of biomaterials with scalable flow‐through transduction techniques provides future opportunities for improving the biomanufacturing of ATCTs.
Aerosol Jet Printing of Multi‐Dimensional OECT Force Sensor with High Sensitivity and Large Measuring Range
Authors: Zhou Xinzhao , Zhang Liwen , Wang Yan , Zhao Song , Zhou Yu , Guo Yurun , Wang Yamei , Liang Jing , Chen Huawei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMulti‐dimensional tactile force sensors with high sensitivity, large measuring range, and direction recognition are essential for human‐machine interaction, medical rehabilitation, and humanoid robotics. Current tactile force sensors mainly make use of bump structure or 3D patterned composite layers to achieve multi‐dimensional force sensing, which not only results in thick sensors with unadjustable measuring performance, but brings about significant difficulties in fabrication. Here, an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) based thin multi‐dimensional force sensor with tunable range/sensitivity has been designed with unilateral conductive micro‐riblets array, and aerosol jet printing was developed to build the unilateral conductive structure and multi‐material layers. Such unilateral conductive micro‐riblets array's directional dependent deformation endows the sensor with the capacities of lateral force response and force direction recognition. With the profound contact area sensitivity from super capacitance effect and signal amplifying of OECT, the aerosol jet printing OECT force sensor shows an adjustable sensing performance with high sensitivity of ≈1.45 kPa−1 at low‐pressure range of 0–500 Pa and a large measuring range even up to as high as 50 kPa. Finally, several tactile sensing applications have been demonstrated for the sensor's multifunctional performance.
An Effective Methodology for Achieving Highly Reliable Physical Sensors with High Sensitivity and Low Hysteresis through Parallel‐Structured Piezoresistors
Authors: Li Shuangying , Hwang Taehoon , Seo Jungyoon , Ko Eun , Tsogbayar Dashdendev , Khan Md. Rajibur Rahaman , Lee Hwa Sung 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe representatively chronic problems of the piezoresistive‐type sensing media containing conductive fillers such as carbon nanotubes are dispersion problem when conductive fillers are composited with a high content for securing a certain conductivity and are low reliable sensor performance owing to the hysteresis of the sensing signals. Therefore, this study introduces a piezoresistive sensing medium with a multilayered parallel structure of resistors which effectively reduces the resistance and stabilizes the sensing signal. The multiparallel resistor (MPR) sensing medium with parallel‐connected structure shows an initial resistance ≈2.5 times lower compared to that of the typical single‐resistive type. When the proposed MPR sensing medium is applied as a strain sensor, GF value is 0.103 ± 0.009%−1 showing a remarkable improvement over 0.030 ± 0.018%−1 of the single type. The MPR strain sensor exhibits approximately the same GF values with no hysteresis and high linearity of the sensing signals in the forward and reverse strain directions. Finally, the developed MPR sensing medium is applied both as a strain sensor as well as a pressure sensor with excellent performance, thereby suggesting a new methodology to develop the high‐performance piezoresistive physical sensors.
Enhanced Supercontinuum Generation in Integrated Waveguides Incorporated with Graphene Oxide Films
Authors: Zhang Yuning , Wu Jiayang , Yang Yunyi , Qu Yang , Jia Linnan , Dirani Houssein El , Kerdiles Sébastien , Sciancalepore Corrado , Demongodin Pierre , Grillet Christian , Monat Christelle , Jia Baohua , Moss David J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEnhanced supercontinuum generation (SCG) is experimentally demonstrated in integrated silicon nitride (Si3N4) waveguides incorporating highly nonlinear graphene oxide (GO) in the form of 2D films. On‐chip integration of the 2D GO films with precise control of their thickness is realized by using a transfer‐free and layer‐by‐layer coating method. The control of the film length and coating position is achieved via window opening in the upper silica cladding of the photonic integrated chips. Detailed SCG measurements are performed using the fabricated devices with different waveguide geometries and GO film thicknesses, and the results are compared with devices without GO. Significantly improved spectral broadening of ultrashort optical pulses with ultrahigh peak powers exceeding 1000 W is observed for the hybrid devices, achieving up to 2.4 times improvement in the spectral bandwidth relative to devices without GO. Theoretical analyses for the influence of GO film thickness, coating length, coating position, and waveguide geometry are also provided by fitting the experimental results with theory, showing that there is still significant room for further improvement. This work opens up a new avenue toward improving the SCG performance of photonic integrated devices by incorporating functional 2D materials.
A Magnetically Driven Amoeba‐Like Nanorobot for Whole‐Process Active Drug Transport
Authors: Zhu Yueqiang , Song Yonghong , Cao Ziyang , Dong Liang , Shen Song , Lu Yang , Yang Xianzhu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe passive diffusion performance of nanocarriers results in inefficient drug transport across multiple biological barriers and consequently cancer therapy failure. Here, a magnetically driven amoeba‐like nanorobot (amNR) is presented for whole‐process active drug transport. The amNR is actively extravasated from blood vessels and penetrated into deep tumor tissue through a magnetically driven deformation effect. Moreover, the acidic microenvironment of deep tumor tissue uncovers the masked targeting ligand of amNR to achieve active tumor cell uptake. Furthermore, the amNR rapidly releases the encapsulated doxorubicin (DOX) after alternating magnetic field application. The amNRs eventually deliver DOX into ≈92.3% of tumor cells and completely delay tumor growth with an inhibition rate of 96.1%. The deformable amNRs, with the assistance of magnetic field application, provide a facile strategy for whole‐process active drug transport.
From Free‐Radical to Radical‐Free: A Paradigm Shift in Light‐Mediated Biofabrication
Authors: Rizzo Riccardo , Petelinšek Nika , Bonato Angela , Zenobi‐Wong Marcy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the development of novel photocrosslinking strategies and photoactivatable materials has stimulated widespread use of light‐mediated biofabrication techniques. However, despite great progress toward more efficient and biocompatible photochemical strategies, current photoresins still rely on photoinitiators (PIs) producing radical‐initiating species to trigger the so‐called free‐radical crosslinking/polymerization. In the context of bioprinting, where cells are encapsulated in the bioink, the presence of radicals raises concerns of potential cytotoxicity. In this work, a universal, radical‐free (RF) photocrosslinking strategy to be used for light‐based technologies is presented. Leveraging RF uncaging mechanisms and Michael addition, cell‐laden constructs are photocrosslinked by means of one‐ and two‐photon excitation with high biocompatibility. A hydrophilic coumarin‐based group is used to cage a universal RF photocrosslinker based on 4‐arm‐PEG‐thiol (PEG4SH). Upon light exposure, thiols are uncaged and react with an alkene counterpart to form a hydrogel. RF photocrosslinker is shown to be highly stable, enabling potential for off‐the‐shelf products. While PI‐based systems cause a strong upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐associated genes, ROS are not detected in RF photoresins. Finally, optimized RF photoresin is successfully exploited for high resolution two‐photon stereolithography (2P‐SL) using remarkably low polymer concentration (<1.5%), paving the way for a shift toward radical‐free light‐based bioprinting.
Borophene Embedded Cellulose Paper for Enhanced Photothermal Water Evaporation and Prompt Bacterial Killing
Authors: Guan Xinwei , Kumar Prashant , Li Zhixuan , Tran Thi Kim Anh , Chahal Sumit , Lei Zhihao , Huang Chien‐Yu , Lin Chun‐Ho , Huang Jing‐Kai , Hu Long , Chang Yuan‐Chih , Wang Li , Britto Jolitta S. J. , Panneerselvan Logeshwaran , Chu Dewei , Wu Tom , Karakoti Ajay , Yi Jiabao , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSolar‐driven photothermal water evaporation is considered an elegant and sustainable technology for freshwater production. The existing systems, however, often suffer from poor stability and biofouling issues, which severely hamper their prospects in practical applications. Conventionally, photothermal materials are deposited on the membrane supports via vacuum‐assisted filtration or dip‐coating methods. Nevertheless, the weak inherent material‐membrane interactions frequently lead to poor durability, and the photothermal material layer can be easily peeled off from the hosting substrates or partially dissolved when immersed in water. In the present article, the discovery of the incorporation of borophene into cellulose nanofibers (CNF), enabling excellent environmental stability with a high light‐to‐heat conversion efficiency of 91.5% and water evaporation rate of 1.45 kg m−2 h−1 under simulated sunlight is reported. It is also demonstrated that borophene papers can be employed as an excellent active photothermal material for eliminating almost 100% of both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria within 20 min under three sun irradiations. The result opens a new direction for the design of borophene‐based papers with unique photothermal properties which can be used for the effective treatment of a wide range of wastewaters.
Oxygen Anion Redox Chemistry Correlated with Spin State in Ni‐Rich Layered Cathodes
Authors: Lu Zhihua , Zhang Jicheng , Zhang Qinghua , Wong Deniz , Yin Wen , Zhang Nian , Chen Zhongjun , Gu Lin , Hu Zhongbo , Liu Xiangfeng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite the low cost and high capacity of Ni‐rich layered oxides (NRLOs), their widespread implementation in electric vehicles is hindered by capacity decay and O release. These issues originate from chemo‐mechanical heterogeneity, which is mainly related to oxygen anion redox (OAR). However, what to tune regarding OAR in NRLOs and how to tune it remains unknown. In this study, a close correlation between the OAR chemistry and Li/Ni antisite defects is revealed. Experiments and calculations show the opposite effects of aggregative and dispersive Li/Ni antisite defects on the NiO6 configuration and Ni spin state in NRLOs. The resulting broad or narrow spans for the energy bands caused by spin states lead to different OAR chemistries. By tuning the Li/Ni antisite defects to be dispersive rather than aggregative, the threshold voltage for triggering OAR is obviously elevated, and the generation of bulk‐O2‐like species and O2 release at phase transition nodes is fundamentally restrained. The OAR is regulated from irreversible to reversible, fundamentally addressing structural degradation and heterogeneity. This study reveals the interaction of the Li/Ni antisite defect/OAR chemistry/chemo‐mechanical heterogeneity and presents some insights into the design of high‐performance NRLO cathodes.
Site‐Specific Antibody Assembly on Nanoparticles via a Versatile Coating Method for Improved Cell Targeting
Authors: Zhang Qianyi , Liang Jieying , Bongers Andre , Richardson Joseph J. , Liang Kang , Gu Zi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAntibody‐nanoparticle conjugates are promising candidates for precision medicine. However, developing a controllable method for conjugating antibodies to nanoparticles without compromising the antibody activity represents a critical challenge. Here, a facile and generalizable film‐coating method is presented using zeolitic imidazole framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) to immobilize antibodies on various nanoparticles in a favorable orientation for enhanced cell targeting. Different model and therapeutic antibodies (e.g., Herceptin) are assembled on nanoparticles via a biomineralized film‐coating method and exhibited high antibody loading and targeting efficiencies. Importantly, the antibodies selectively bind to ZIF‐8 via their Fc regions, which favorably exposes the functional Fab regions to the biological target, thus improving the cell targeting ability of antibody‐coated nanoparticles. In combination, molecular dynamics simulations and experimental studies on antibody immobilization, orientation efficiency, and biofunctionality collectively demonstrate that this versatile site‐specific antibody conjugation method provides effective control over antibody orientation and leads to improved cell targeting for a variety of nanoparticles.