bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hardware Optimization for Effective Switching Power Reduction during Data Compression in GOLOMB Rice Coding
Authors: Sakthivel R , Chintamaneni Vijayalakshmi , Tenali Suman , Vanitha M. , Elkamchouchi Dalia H. , Alqahtani Malak S. , Soufiene Ben Othman , Abbas Mohamed 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Loss-less data compression becomes the need of the hour for effective data compression and computation in VLSI test vector generation and testing in addition to hardware AI/ML computations. Golomb code is one of the effective technique for lossless data compression and it becomes valid only when the divisor can be expressed as power of two. This work aims to increase compression ratio by further encoding the unary part of the Golomb Rice (GR) code so as to decrease the amount of bits used, it mainly focuses on optimizing the hardware for encoding side. The algorithm was developed and coded in Verilog and simulated using Modelsim. This code was then synthesised in Cadence Encounter RTL Synthesiser. The modifications carried out show around 6% to 19% reduction in bits used for a linearly distributed data set. Worst-case delays have been reduced by 3% to 8%. Area reduction varies from 22% to 36% for different methods. Simulation for Power consumption shows nearly 7% reduction in switching power. This ideally suggest the usage of Golomb Rice coding technique for test vector compression and data computation for multiple data types, which should ideally have a geometrical distribution.
Tourette-like syndrome secondary to Kleefstra syndrome 1 with a de novo microdeletion in the EHMT1 gene
Authors: Niu Mengyue , Zhan Shikun , Sun Bomin , Liu Jun , Wu Yiwen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Gills de la Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder manifested by motor and vocal tics. Kleefstra syndrome 1 (KS1), a rare genetic disorder, is caused by haploinsufficiency of the EHMT1 gene and characterized by intellectual disability (ID), childhood hypotonia, and distinctive facial features. Tourette-like syndrome in KS1 has rarely been reported.
Case presentation:
Here we describe a 7-year-old girl presenting involuntary motor and vocal tics, intellectual disability, childhood hypotonia, and dysmorphic craniofacial appearances, as well as comorbidities including attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and self-injurious behavior (SIB). The patient’s CNV-seq testing revealed a de novo 320-kb deletion in the 9q34.3 region encompassing the EHMT1 gene.
Conclusions
This is the first case reporting Tourette-like syndrome secondary to Kleefstra syndrome 1 with a de novo microdeletion in the EHMT1 gene. Our case suggests TS with ID and facial anomalies indicate a genetic cause and broadens the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of both TS and KS1.
Tracking circulating PD-L1 positive cells to monitor the outcome of patients with gastric cancer receiving anti-HER2 plus anti-PD1 therapy
Authors: Chong Xiaoyi , Li Yanyan , Lu Jialin , Feng Xujiao , Li Yilin , Zhang Xiaotian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Dual blockade of (Human epidermal receptor)HER2 and (Programme death receptor 1 /Programme death receaptor ligand 1)PD-1/PD-L1 is the most promising regimen for HER2-positive patients with gastric cancer (GC); PD-L1 combined positive score, rather than HER2 status, indicates potential benefit. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating endothelial cells (CECs) derived from the tumor microenvironment provide platforms for the dynamic evaluation of PD-L1 expression. Whether PD-L1 positive CTCs/CECs (PD-L1+CTCs/CECs) can serve as biomarkers for evaluating the efficacy of combination therapy remains unknown. Therefore, this study investigated PD-L1 expression and heterogeneous karyotypic features of CTCs/CECs and their involvement in the clinical response to treatment in 72 patients with advanced GC by applying a pre-established surface molecule-independent subtraction enrichment (SE)-iFISH strategy. In the captured PD-L1 positive cells, there were 42.80% and 57.20% of CTCs and CECs, respectively. PD-L1+ CTCs were pre-therapeutically detected in 0% (0/11) of HER2-negative patients and 14.75% (9/61) of HER2-positive patients. The presence of baseline PD-L1+CTCs was relevant to inferior prognosis (mPFS: 14.40 months vs 5.00 months, P = 0.065); post-treatment PD-L1+ CECs were associated with longer irPFS(immunotherapeutic related PFS) (mPFS:15.57 months vs 6.73months, P = 0.053). Further dynamic karyotype-based profiling of PD-L1+ CTCs/CECs indicated that multiploidy and triploidy were the dominant subtypes of baseline PD-L1+ CTCs, and that triploidy was specifically associated with therapeutic resistance. Intratherapeutically-detected multiploid PD-L1+ CECs demonstrated a superior clinical response; triploidy and tetraploidy contributed to acquired resistance. The karyotypic features of PD-L1+CTCs/CECs should be dynamically profiled in patients with GC treated with anti-HER2 plus anti-PD-1 therapy.
Vegetation significance of broadleaved woody phytoliths in the mid-subtropical zone of China
Authors: Liu Lidan , Liu Hengyu , Liu Hongyan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
To evaluate the reliability of broadleaved phytoliths for distinguishing different forest types in the mid-subtropical zone of China, we analyzed the phytolith assemblages of 50 broadleaved woody plants and 31 surface soil samples from three forest vegetation types (evergreen broadleaved forest, evergreen/deciduous broadleaved mixed forest, deciduous broadleaved forest). The results showed that the phytolith production and phytolith morphology of different broadleaved woody plants were significantly different. Evergreen broadleaved and deciduous broadleaved woody plants could be clearly distinguished according to their phytolith assemblages, providing a reliable basis for reconstructing forest vegetation. Eight broadleaved woody phytolith morphotypes were identified in the surface soil of the different forest types, accounting for ~ 5% of total phytoliths, and the broadleaved woody phytolith assemblages in the surface soil under different forest types were also different. We propose a phytolith index (B/S, defined as the ratio of broadleaved woody phytoliths to Gramineae short-cell phytoliths) to semi-quantitatively distinguish different forest types. B/S values in the surface soils of the different forest types are as follows. Evergreen broadleaved forest: < 0.03; evergreen/deciduous broadleaved mixed forest: 0.03–0.04; deciduous broadleaved forest > 0.04. Overall, our results support the use of broadleaved woody phytoliths and their indices in the surface soil of the mid-subtropical zone of China to distinguish different forest types, and they provide a useful reference for phytolith-based forest vegetation reconstruction in this region.
ox-LDL induces coronary microvascular dysfunction via endoplasmic reticulum stress in HCMECs: the protection of propionate
Authors: Hong Dan , Tang Wen , Fu Xiao , Xu Qin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is an important pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. Lower endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation leads to reduced endothelium-derived relaxing factor nitric oxide (NO) generation, causing and accelerating CMD. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) has been shown to reduce NO production in umbilical vein endothelial cells. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) damages endothelial cell function. But the relationship between ox-LDL and coronary microcirculation has not been assessed. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) is fermentation products of the gut microbiome, could improve endothelial-dependent vasodilation in human adipose arterioles, the effect of SCFA on coronary microcirculation is unclear. In this study, we found ox-LDL stimulated expression of ER chaperone GRP78, and further activated downstream PERK/eIF2a, IRE1/ JNK and ATF6 signaling pathways, resulting in a decrease in eNOS phosphorylation and NO production in human cardiac microvascular endothelial. Furthermore, SCFA-propionate can inhibit ox-LDL-induced eNOS phosphorylation reduction, raise NO production, the mechanism is related to the inhibition of ER stress and downstream signaling pathways PERK/eIF2a, IRE1/JNK, and ATF6. In summary, we demonstrate that ox-LDL induced CMD by activating ER stress, propionate can effectively counteract the adverse effects of ox-LDL and protect coronary microcirculation function via inhibiting ER stress.
Influence of pH and fabric cationisation on functional properties of natural dyed cotton using extract from used tea bag
Authors: Hossain Tanvir , Das Shohag Chandra , Akhtarujjaman Md. , Uddin Mohammad Abbas , Bedoura Sultana 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The study focuses on the eco-friendly dyeing of cotton fabric by extracts from used tea bag without any metal mordant and also on investigating the effect of pH and fabric cationization on the properties of that dyed cotton. Coloured liquor was collected from leftover tea bags using water in boiling. Prior to dyeing, the cotton fabric was cationised with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC) at different percentage, followed by dyeing with tea liquor at different concentrations and different pH. The colour fastness and colorimetric properties (CIELab, CIELch, ΔE and K/S) of dyed cotton fabrics were then investigated. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to calcualte exhaustion and fixation percentages. FTIR analysis was also carried out. The best results were obtained for pH 13. At pH 13, the highest exhaustion percentage was 88.6% for cationised fabric with cationiser concentration 55 g/L whereas it was 0.75% for non-cationised fabric and 3.6% for mordanted (KAI(SO₄)₂.12H₂O) fabric. Also, the colour fastness to washing, rubbing and perspiration of cationised fabric were excellent (4–5) than those of non-cationised fabric; nevertheless, the former has lower light fastness. Their higher washing and rubbing fastness were attempted to explain within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) by their considerably strong interaction between theaflavins, one of the main colouring components of tea dye and cationised cellulose monomer. All findings from this study explicitly demonstrate the significance of pH and fabric cationisation on dyeing and the functional properties of dyed fabric.
Improvement of common bean crops after inoculating plants with Alternaria solani IA300, Could Alternaria act like mycorrhiza on common bean crops?
Authors: Herrera Mayra Denise , Salas-Muñoz Silvia , Reveles-Torres Luis Roberto , Mauricio-Castillo Jorge Armando , Salazar-Badillo Fatima Berenice 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Although the study of plant–rhizosphere microorganism associations has become an important knowledge resource to achieve sustainable agriculture, little has been achieved to replace chemical fertilization since most of these studies have been carried out under controlled conditions and not in experimental fields. In this study, we evaluated the effect of inoculating plants of two common bean cultivars at the vegetative and reproductive stages of the crop cycle with Alternaria solani native strain IA300 under field conditions. The results showed that A. solani is capable of increasing the production of common bean cultivars, which is reflected over different in the vegetative and reproductive analyzed: foliar area, plant length (cm), fresh weight (g), dry weight (g), number of leaves, flowers, seedpod, and seed yield; which leave for consideration that Alternaria solaninative strain IA300 may be considered a growth-promoting microorganism under field conditions. In summary, results showed that Alternaria inoculation effects on foliar area are cultivar bean dependent
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and humoral immune responses to mRNA vaccines among people who use drugs - In the light of tailored mitigating strategies
Authors: Wüsthoff Linda , Lund-Johansen Fridtjof , Henriksen Kathleen , Wildendahl Gull , Jacobsen Jon-Aksel , Gomes Leni , Anjum Hina Sarwar , Barlinn Regine , Bakken-Kran Anne-Marte , Munthe Ludvig Andre , Vaage John T. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
People who use drugs (PWUD) have increased risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 and having severe courses of COVID-19. However, during the first wave of the pandemic, surprisingly few PWUD tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Oslo.
Aims: To investigate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2, the antibody responses to virus infections and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and the vaccination rate among PWUD compared to the general population.
Methods:
Design: A prospective cohort study.
Setting: Data was collected from residents at six institutions for homeless PWUD and users of a low-threshold clinic for opioid agonist treatment.
Data was collected at baseline (N=99) and follow-up (N=25) and consisted of questionnaires and blood samples. Data on vaccination was collected from the National Vaccine Register.
Serologic methods included detection of antibodies to different virus proteins, detection of neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, and antibodies to Spike-FL, receptor-binding domain of the Spike protein and nucleocapsid from SARS-CoV-2.
Results
Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 4/99 samples from PWUD in the months before vaccines were available. The corresponding frequency for population-based screening was 2.8%. The levels of serum antibodies to seasonal coronaviruses and EBV in PWUD, were also similar to those measured in population-based screening.
The levels of binding and neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 measured in samples obtained from PWUD (N=25) after the second vaccine dose were comparable to those observed in healthy controls. Concerning humoral immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination, there was no difference between PWUD and healthy individuals.
Eighty-four and eighty-nine per cent had received at least one dose of corona vaccine among PWUD and the general population, respectively.
Conclusion
Results showed that PWUD did not have increased seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and did not have increased serum antibodies to seasonal coronaviruses and EBV. Vaccine responses were not different from controls demonstrating that vaccination is a viable strategy to confer protection against SARS-CoV-2 in PWUD
Ozone and laser effects on dentin hypersensitivity treatment: a clinical study
Authors: D’Amario Maurizio , Carlo Mariachiara Di , Jahjah Ali , Mauro Stefania , Natale Salvatore , Capogreco Mario 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives Evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of diode laser and gas ozone in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity (DHS) of non-carious-cervical lesion.
Materials and methods 88 teeth from 44 patients with moderate DHS were randomised into two groups according to a split-mouth design. In the diode laser group, the operator at first applicated the fluoride and potassium nitrate gel and then irradiated the superficial dentine exposed with 808 wavelength, incremental power from 0,2 to 0,6 W, with 20 seconds of interval. In the gas ozone group, the operator applicated, using a silicon cup, a high dose of ozone (32 g/m3) for 30 seconds. The subjects underwent a first evaluation of the dentin sensitivity level (T0), directly after treatment (T1), after 3 months (T2), and after 6 months (T3), with a cold air blast challenge and tactile stimuli. The pain severity was quantified according to the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon and Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (p=0.05).
Results A significant decrease of DHS were observed in both groups immediately, after 3 and 6 months of the therapy. After 6 months from the therapy, the sensitivity values in the teeth treated with gas ozone remain statistically lower than those treated with diode lasers (p=0.00026).
Conclusion Laser diode and gas ozone are both efficient as dentin sensitivity treatment. Ozone maintains an invariable effectiveness after 6 months.
Clinical relevance Laser diode and gas ozone can be recommended to reduce dentinal hypersensitivities.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05853523
Investigate asymmetry financial and technology development impacts on income inequality: Sub-Saharan African’s quest for economic growth
Authors: Li Zaiyang , Lunku Hassan Swedy 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Financial and technology development have the capability to increase output and/or productivity, innovations, and technology requires huge capital investment, and the cost of implementing new technology in developing countries is the challenge. This paper examines the impact of financial and technology development on income inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries from 1995 to 2020. While financial and technological advancements have the potential to boost economic growth, implementing new technology requires significant capital investment and can be a challenge in developing countries. Additionally, equal distribution of the benefits of financial and technological progress is not guaranteed. To account for nonlinearities in the relationship between financial and technological development on income inequality, the paper uses a nonlinear panel ARDL model that allows for heterogeneity within countries. The results show that in the long run, financial and technology development have a significant positive impact on income inequality in SSA countries. However, the impact of positive technology on income inequality is negative, while both positive and negative financial shocks have a positive impact on income inequality. The results of this paper have important implications for policymakers and development practitioners in sub-Saharan Africa, where income inequality remains a significant challenge.
Novel Method for Reversal of Hartmann’s procedure Using Magnetic Compression Anastomosis
Authors: Nakashima Keigo , Ohdaira Hironori , Kamada Teppei , Fuse Yoshinobu , Takahashi Junji , Nakaseko Yuichi , Suzuki Norihiko , Yoshida Masashi , Yamanouchi Eigoro , Suzuki Yutaka 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Hartmann’s procedure is a useful surgical procedure for emergent cases, such as colonic perforation. With the increased use of this procedure, a new problem has emerged for surviving patients. Reversal of Hartmann’s procedure is reported to have high mortality and morbidity rates, and often becomes a permanent stoma even if it is ideally reversible. Herein, we developed a new Hartmann’s reversal method using magnetic compression anastomosis to improve the rate of reversal. During Hartmann’s procedure, the serosa of the residual rectal stump and oral side of the stoma were sutured together. By this suture, intervention of other organs can be prevented between the both colon. After magnetic compression anastomosis was completed at the same site, reversal of Hartmann’s procedure was performed. Anastomosis was not required during the surgery; we were only required to excise the oral side of the stoma. As the operation becomes simpler, it is thought that it can be performed more safely and reliably. Hartmann’s reversal using magnetic compression anastomosis is beneficial for decreasing the permanent stoma rate.
The factors impacting on Gleason score upgrading in Prostate cancer
Authors: Huang Tzu-Heng , Li Wei‑Ming , Ke Hung‑Lung , Li Ching‑Chia , Wu Wen‑Jeng , Yeh Hsin‑Chih , Lee Hsiang Ying 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: This study aims to investigate the factors contributing to the discrepancy in between biopsy Gleason score and radical prostatectomy Gleason score in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer.
Methods: A total of 341 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy from 2011/04 to 2020/12 were identified. We only include patients with initial Gleason score of 6 after biopsy and enrolled 102 patients. Preoperative clinical variables and pathological variables were assessed to clarify the association with post-surgical Gleason score upgrading. The optimal cut-off points for significant continuous variables were then identified by obtaining the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.
Results: Upgrading was observed in 63 patients and non-upgrading in 39 patients. In the multiple variables assessed, smaller prostate volume (PV) (p value=0.0007), prostate specific antigen density (PSAD) (p value=0.0055), positive surgical margins (p value=0.0062) and pathological perineural invasion (p value=0.0038) were significant predictors of Gleason score upgrading. To further explore preclinical variables, a cut-off value for PV (38ml, p value=0.0017) and PSAD(0.26ng/ml2, p value=0.0013) were identified to be associated with Gleason score upgrading
Conclusions: Smaller PV and elevated PSAD are associated with increased risk of Gleason score upgrading. The inverse relationship between PV and Gleason score upgrading might reflect the low androgenicity response of the prostate stroma.
Astaxanthin binding affinity to DNA: Studied by fluorescence, surface plasmon resonance and molecular docking methods
Authors: Ranjbary Farideh , Fathi Farzaneh , Maleki Somaiyeh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Astaxanthin (Ax), as a novel food supplement, a pink-red pigment, belongs to the carotenoid family. The study of DNA interactions with various drugs is very important for estimating the mechanism of interaction and developing new drugs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the binding affinity of Ax to double strand (ds) DNA evaluated by using a fluorescence spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and docking approaches. The fluorescence results shown that Ax can quench the intensity amount of DNA fluorescence via a static quenching way. In the SPR method, DNA molecules were attached on a gold sensor surface. Using different amounts of ds DNA, the kinetic values KD, KA, and Ka were calculated. The obtained finding confirm that the binding of Ax to DNA has an exothermic and spontaneous mechanism. Also, thermodynamic studies were carried out using fluorescence analysis at four different temperatures, and the resulted negative data for ΔH and ΔS displayed that the main binding strength in the interaction of Ax to DNA was hydrogen bonding. Molecular docking results confirmed that the side chains of Ax interact specifically with base pairs and the DNA backbone.