bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From digital divide to digital capital: the role of education and digital skills in social media participation
Authors: Lybeck Robin , Koiranen Ilkka , Koivula Aki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSocial media platforms have become significant media for participating in society. This, and society’s digitalization overall, has resulted in concerns regarding access and inclusion. By combining theories of social media participation and digital inequality, we explore issues regarding the prerequisites of participating through social media platforms, focusing especially on education. Through an analysis of data from a representative survey study in Finland (N = 3724), we illuminate the ambiguity of the perceived obstacles to both digital skills and political participation. We further build on the concept of digital capital to show the significant mediating effect of digital skills on education and participation. By utilizing the ISS (Internet Skills Scale), we break down digital skills into operational, information navigation, social, creative and mobile skills, and show how the operational skills have most significant mediator between education and political participation in social media. In studying digital inequality, we claim that the concept of digital capital is a valuable tool to illuminate the mechanisms for overcoming digital divides through the transaction of other forms of capital into digital capital, and digital capital to other forms of capital, in this case political capital.
Disparities in COVID-19 related health literacy, knowledge, and the assessment of the measures taken in Germany: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Schmidt Lisa , Götz Nina-Alexandra , Hannemann Niels , Babitsch Birgit 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Aim
Health literacy is necessary to access, understand, assess, and apply information on COVID-19. Studies have shown that health literacy is unequally distributed across social groups. This study aimed to analyze the differences in COVID-19-related health literacy (hereinafter referred to as “COV-19-HL”), knowledge about COVID-19, and the assessment of the measures taken regarding the sociodemographic characteristics as well as the influence of COV-19-HL on knowledge and assessments.

Subject and methods
The study used the data obtained from the cross-sectional online survey “Digital divide in relation to health literacy during the COVID-19 pandemic.” The data covers 1570 participants aged ≥18 years in Germany between April 29, 2020 and May 8, 2020. To analyze the differences by way of sociodemographic variables, t-tests and analyses of variance were carried out. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the effect of COV-19-HL on knowledge and the assessment of measures.

Results
The overall COV-19-HL was high with an average value of 37.4 (with 50 representing the highest COV-19-HL). COV-19-HL and knowledge about COVID-19 were slightly lower in men, migrants, people with low subjective social status, and with low education. Government requirements and recommendations were rated as more effective by women, older people, and individuals with a chronic illness. The chance of better knowledge about COVID-19 and rating measures as effective increased with higher COV-19-HL.

Conclusion
The findings of this study show that COV-19-HL and knowledge about the virus are unequally distributed in Germany. Health communication should strengthen pandemic-related health literacy that is tailored to specific target groups.
Enhanced Drug Delivery for Cardiac Microvascular Obstruction with an Occlusion-Infusion-Catheter
Authors: Rösch Yannick , Eggenberger David , Kuster Yves , Widmer Lino , Frey Sabrina , Schwartz Rob , Nef Cornelia , Ulmer Jens , Obrist Dominik 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMicrovascular Obstruction (MVO) is a common consequence of acute myocardial infarction. MVO is underdiagnosed and treatment is often nonspecific and ineffective. A multi-scale in-vitro benchtop model was established to investigate drug perfusion in MVO affected microcirculation. The central element of the benchtop model was a fluidic microchip containing channels with diameters between $$555$$

555

and 50 μm representing $$2\%$$

2
%

of the microvascular tree fed by the left anterior descending artery (LAD). The outlets of the chip could be closed to mimic MVO. Two methods for intracoronary infusion of pharmacologic agents (simulated by dye) to regions with MVO were investigated using an occlusion-infusion catheter. The first case was a simple, bolus-like infusion into the LAD, whereas the second case consisted of infusion with concomitant proximal occlusion of the LAD phantom with a balloon. Results show that local dye concentration maxima in the chip with MVO were 2.2–3.2 times higher for the case with proximal balloon occlusion than for the conventional infusion method. The cumulated dose could be raised by a factor 4.6–5.2. These results suggest that drug infusion by catheter is more effective if the blood supply to the treated vascular bed is temporarily blocked by a balloon catheter.
Optimizing Uptake of Long-Acting Injectable Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention for Men Who Have Sex with Men
Authors: Dean Lorraine T. , Predmore Zachary , Skinner Alexandra , Napoleon Siena , Chan Philip A. , Raifman Julia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective HIV prevention tool. Long-acting injectable PrEP (LAI-PrEP) offers another opportunity to reduce HIV. However, how at-risk individuals will consider LAI-PrEP over other modes of administration is unclear. We conducted a discrete choice experiment on preferences for PrEP among a sample of N = 688 gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). We analyzed preferences for mode of administration, side-effects, monetary cost, and time cost using a conditional logit model and predicted preference for PrEP options. LAI-PrEP was preferred, despite mode of administration being the least important PrEP attribute. Side-effects were the most important attribute influencing preferences for PrEP (44% of decision); costs were second-most-important (35% of decision). PrEP with no side-effects was the most important preference, followed by monthly out-of-pocket costs of $0. Practitioners and policymakers looking to increase PrEP uptake should keep costs low, communicate clearly about PrEP side-effects, and allow the use of patient-preferred modes of PrEP administration, including LAI-PrEP.
Carotid wall echogenicity at baseline associates with accelerated vascular aging in a middle-aged population
Authors: Nyman Emma , Liv Per , Wester Per , Näslund Ulf , Grönlund Christer 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUltrasonic echolucent carotid intima-media (IM) complex and accelerated progression of carotid intima mediathickness (cIMT) have both separately been shown to predict future cardiovascular events. The aim of this studywas to evaluate if the echogenicity of the IM-complex is associated with the 3-year progression of cIMT. B-modeultrasound images captured at baseline and 3-year follow-up in the ‘Visualization of asymptomatic atherosclerotic disease for optimum cardiovascular prevention’ (VIPVIZA) trial were included (n: 3154). The bilateral mean cIMT and IM-echogenicity by greyscale median (GSM) were measured in the common carotid artery. Associations between IM-GSM at baseline and the 3-year cIMT progression were investigated using linear regression models for the whole population and stratified by sex, age and VIPVIZA study group (intervention versus control). In addition, adjusted analyses for confounding factors were performed. Unadjusted analysis showed that decreased IM-GSM at baseline was associated with increased progression of cIMT (p < 0.001). Stratified by age, the association was significant among 40 (p < 0.001) and 60 years old (p < 0.001). The association was statistically significant in both sexes and on comparison of VIPVIZA study subgroups. Adjustments for confounding factors did not alter the estimated relationship between IM-GSM and cIMT progression. Echolucent carotid intima media at baseline associates with increased 3-year cIMT progression among an asymptomatic, middle-aged population. Echogenicity of the intima media may identify individuals at risk for accelerated vascular aging.
Quantification of microfibre release from textiles during domestic laundering
Authors: Hazlehurst Alice , Tiffin Lucy , Sumner Mark , Taylor Mark 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDomestic laundering of textiles is being increasingly recognised as a significant source of microfibre pollution. Reliable quantification of microfibre release is necessary to understanding the scale of this issue and to evaluate the efficacy of potential solutions. This study explores three major factors that influence the quantification of microfibres released from the domestic laundering of textiles: test methodologies, laundering variables, and fabric variables.A review of different test methods is presented, highlighting the variation in quantification created by using different methodologies. A reliable and reproducible method for quantifying microfibre release from domestic laundering is used to explore the impact of laundering and fabric variables experimentally. The reproducibility and reliability of the method used was validated through inter-laboratory trials and has informed the development of European and international testing standards. Our results show that increasing the wash liquor ratio and wash agitation results in a greater mass of microfibres released, but we found that fabric variables can have a greater influence on microfibre release than the laundering variables tested in this study. However, no single fabric variable appeared to have a dominant influence.Using the data obtained and assumptions for washing load size and frequency, results were scaled to reflect possible annual microfibre release from untreated domestic laundering in the UK. Depending on different laundering and fabric variables, these values range from 6490 tonnes to 87,165 tonnes of microfibre discharged in the UK each year.
A hybrid hierarchical strategy for registration of 7T TOF-MRI to 7T PC-MRI intracranial vessel data
Authors: Spitz Lena , Gaidzik Franziska , Stucht Daniel , Mattern Hendrik , Preim Bernhard , Saalfeld Sylvia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
7T time-of-flight (TOF) MRI provides high resolution for the evaluation of cerebrovascular vessels and pathologies. In combination with 4D flow fields acquired with phase-contrast (PC) MRI, hemodynamic information can be extracted to enhance the analysis by providing direct measurements in the larger arteries or patient-specific boundary conditions. Hence, a registration between both modalities is required.

Methods
To combine TOF and PC-MRI data, we developed a hybrid registration approach. Vessels and their centerlines are segmented from the TOF data. The centerline is fit to the intensity ridges of the lower resolved PC-MRI data, which provides temporal information. We used a metric that utilizes a scaled sum of weighted intensities and gradients on the normal plane. The registration is then guided by decoupled local affine transformations. It is applied hierarchically following the branching order of the vessel tree.

Results
A landmark validation over Monte Carlo simulations yielded an average mean squared error of 184.73 mm and an average Hausdorff distance of 15.20 mm. The hierarchical traversal that transforms child vessels with their parents registers even small vessels not detectable in the PC-MRI.

Conclusion
The presented work combines high-resolution tomographic information from 7T TOF-MRI and measured flow data from 4D 7T PC-MRI scan for the arteries of the brain. This enables usage of patient-specific flow parameters for realistic simulations, thus supporting research in areas such as cerebral small vessel disease. Automatization and free deformations can help address the limiting error measures in the future.
Oxidation Behavior of the Polycrystalline Ni-Base Superalloy VDM® Alloy 780
Authors: Kirchmayer A. , Weiser M. , Randelzhofer P. , Freund L. P. , Gehrmann B. , Hafez Haghighat M. , Huenert D. , Göken M. , Neumeier S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
VDM® Alloy 780 is a newly developed polycrystalline Ni-base superalloy with high contents of Co, Cr, and Al intended for operating temperatures up to 750 °C. The alloy is precipitation strengthened by the γ′ phase, which is analyzed by atom probe tomography. Additionally, δ and η phases are utilized for grain boundary pinning. It is shown that the δ and η phases precipitate either plate like or in a fine lamellar structure inside each other. VDM® Alloy 780 shows superior oxidation resistance in comparison with Udimet 720Li and A718Plus, as seen by a lower mass gain and thinner oxide layers at 800 °C and 900 °C. This superior behavior is analyzed in detail by TEM and STEM investigations of the oxide scales from which it is concluded that the Al/Ti ratio in these alloys plays an important role on the oxidation behavior.
Controlling interstory drift ratio profiles via topology optimization strategies
Authors: Gao Wenjun , Lu Xilin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAn approach to control the profiles of interstory drift ratios along the height of building structures via topology optimization is proposed herein. The theoretical foundation of the proposed approach involves solving a min–max optimization problem to suppress the maximum interstory drift ratio among all stories. Two formulations are suggested: one inherits the bound formulation and the other utilizes a p-norm function to aggregate all individual interstory drift ratios. The proposed methodology can shape the interstory drift ratio profiles into inverted triangular or quadratic patterns because it realizes profile control using a group of shape weight coefficients. The proposed formulations are validated via a series of numerical examples. The disparity between the two formulations is clear. The optimization results show the optimal structural features for controlling the interstory drift ratios under different requirements.
The Augmented Lagrangian Method as a Framework for Stabilised Methods in Computational Mechanics
Authors: Burman Erik , Hansbo Peter , Larson Mats G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper we will present a review of recent advances in the application of the augmented Lagrange multiplier method as a general approach for generating multiplier-free stabilised methods. The augmented Lagrangian method consists of a standard Lagrange multiplier method augmented by a penalty term, penalising the constraint equations, and is well known as the basis for iterative algorithms for constrained optimisation problems. Its use as a stabilisation methods in computational mechanics has, however, only recently been appreciated. We first show how the method generates Galerkin/Least Squares type schemes for equality constraints and then how it can be extended to develop new stabilised methods for inequality constraints. Application to several different problems in computational mechanics is given.
Trojans in the Antipodes: The Fabrication of Epic Ancestry and Imperial Destiny in Colonial Australian Literature
Authors: Midford Sarah 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhen Europeans settled on the Australian continent, Britain’s connections to the Greco-Roman classical tradition were being actively promoted as an inherent component of the empire’s cultural heritage. Since the foundation of the Australian colony of New South Wales, comparisons between the British dominion and classical antiquity were made in the hope that one day soon the history and literature of the new settlement would rival that of their cultural ancestors. Colonial Australian literature often focussed on the great potential the young civilization might enjoy. Because the geographical distance between Australia and Europe was so vast, connections to European cultural heritage were often laboriously constructed. This article focusses on the work of Michael Massey Robinson, a freed convict employed to write poetry by the New South Wales Governor, Lachlan Macquarie, from 1810. Drawing on the British legend of Brutus of Troy, recorded by the twelfth-century cleric Geoffrey of Monmouth in his Historia Regum Britanniae, Robinson casts the British decedents of Aeneas as the founders of the Australian continent, and ancestors of the Trojan people. By emphasizing Australia’s connections to the ancient world through ancestral lineage, the great potential of the young civilization could be celebrated, and by linking Australia’s European settlement to the foundation of both Rome and Britain, colonial Australia was characterized as being at the beginning of a very long history that, based on historical precedent, would eventually result in a great and esteemed empire.
Biphasic Cholinergic Modulation of Reverberatory Activity in Neuronal Networks
Authors: Li Xiao-Wei , Ren Yi , Shi Dong-Qing , Qi Lei , Xu Fang , Xiao Yanyang , Lau Pak-Ming , Bi Guo-Qiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAcetylcholine (ACh) is an important neuromodulator in various cognitive functions. However, it is unclear how ACh influences neural circuit dynamics by altering cellular properties. Here, we investigated how ACh influences reverberatory activity in cultured neuronal networks. We found that ACh suppressed the occurrence of evoked reverberation at low to moderate doses, but to a much lesser extent at high doses. Moreover, high doses of ACh caused a longer duration of evoked reverberation, and a higher occurrence of spontaneous activity. With whole-cell recording from single neurons, we found that ACh inhibited excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) while elevating neuronal firing in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, all ACh-induced cellular and network changes were blocked by muscarinic, but not nicotinic receptor antagonists. With computational modeling, we found that simulated changes in EPSCs and the excitability of single cells mimicking the effects of ACh indeed modulated the evoked network reverberation similar to experimental observations. Thus, ACh modulates network dynamics in a biphasic fashion, probably by inhibiting excitatory synaptic transmission and facilitating neuronal excitability through muscarinic signaling pathways.
Catch-Up Saccades in Vestibular Hypofunction: A Contribution of the Cerebellum?
Authors: Hermann Ruben , Robert Camille , Lagadec Vincent , Dupre Mathieu , Pelisson Denis , Froment Tilikete Caroline 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Long-term deficits of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) elicited by head rotation can be partially compensated by catch-up saccades (CuS). These saccades are initially visually guided, but their latency can greatly decrease resulting in short latency CuS (SL-CuS). It is still unclear what triggers these CuS and what are the underlying neural circuits. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the impact of cerebellar pathology on CuS by comparing their characteristics between two groups of patients with bilateral vestibular hypofunction, with or without additional cerebellar dysfunction. We recruited 12 patients with both bilateral vestibular hypofunction and cerebellar dysfunction (BVH-CD group) and 12 patients with isolated bilateral vestibular hypofunction (BVH group). Both groups were matched for age and residual VOR gain. Subjects underwent video head impulse test recording of the horizontal semicircular canals responses as well as recording of visually guided saccades in the step, gap, and overlap paradigms. Latency and gain of the different saccades were calculated. The mean age for BVH-CD and BVH was, respectively, 67.8 and 67.2 years, and the mean residual VOR gain was, respectively, 0.24 and 0.26. The mean latency of the first catch-up saccade was significantly longer for the BVH-CD group than that for the BVH group (204 ms vs 145 ms, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the latency of visually guided saccades between the two groups, for none of the three paradigms. The gain of covert saccades tended to be lower in the BVH-CD group than in BVH group (t test; p = 0.06). The mean gain of the 12° or 20° visually guided saccades were not different in both groups. Our results suggest that the cerebellum plays a role in the generation of compensatory SL-CuS observed in BVH patients.
A new pterodactyloid pterosaur with a unique filter-feeding apparatus from the Late Jurassic of Germany
Authors: Martill David M. , Frey Eberhard , Tischlinger Helmut , Mäuser Matthias , Rivera-Sylva Héctor E. , Vidovic Steven U. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA new long-legged, spatula-beaked, filter-feeding pterodactyloid pterosaur from Upper Jurassic plattenkalk limestones at Wattendorf, Bavaria, Southern Germany, is remarkable for its completeness, unusual dentition and hints of the preservation of soft tissues, including wing membranes. The fully articulated specimen displays both jaws each side with over one hundred sub-parallel-sided teeth with a small, slightly hooked expansion at the crown tip. There are at least 480 teeth in total. The tip of the rostrum widens to a spatula-like, laterally concave structure with teeth only along its lateral margins. The straight anterior margin is devoid of teeth allowing plankton-rich water to stream in, while the teeth interdigitate forming a fine mesh trap. A slightly up swept rostrum assisted filtering by probable pulsating movements of the long neck, while wading or swimming through shallow water.
Analysis of Gender Differences in Online Handwriting Signals for Enhancing e-Health and e-Security Applications
Authors: Faundez-Zanuy Marcos , Mekyska Jiri 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHandwriting is a complex perceptual–motor skill that is mastered around the age of 8. Although its computerized analysis has been utilized in many biometric and digital health applications, the possible effect of gender is frequently neglected. The aim of this paper is to analyze different online handwritten tasks performed by intact subjects and explore gender differences in commonly used temporal, kinematic, and dynamic features. The differences were explored in the BIOSECUR-ID database. We have identified a significant gender difference in on-surface/in-air time of genuine and skilled forgery signatures, on-surface time in cursive letters and numbers, and pressure, speed, and acceleration in text written in capital letters. Our findings accent the need to consider gender as an important confounding factor in studies dealing with online handwriting signal processing.