bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering p‐Band Center of Oxygen Boosting H+ Intercalation in δ‐MnO2 for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Li Wenbin , Wang Jingjing , Pu Xiaohua , Zhang Gaini , Wang Shuai , Wang Ni , Li Xifei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs), the H+ intercalation possesses superior electrochemical kinetics with excellent rate capability, however, precisely modulating H+ intercalation has been still challenging. Herein, a critical modification of pre‐intercalating metal ions in the MnO2 interlayer (M−MnO2) with controllable p‐band center (ϵp) of O is reported to modulate the H+ intercalation. The modulation of metal‐O bond type and covalency degree on the average charge of O atom results in optimized ϵp and H+ adsorption energy for M−MnO2, thus promoting the balance between H+ adsorption and desorption, which plays a determinant role on H+ intercalation. The optimized Cu−MnO2 delivers superior rate capability with the capacity of 153 mAh g−1 at a high rate of 3 A g−1 after 1000 cycles. This work demonstrates that ϵp could be a significant descriptor for H+ intercalation, and tuning ϵp effectively increases H+ intercalation contribution with excellent rate capability in ZIBs.
Optical and mechanical properties of PNIPAm‐MWCNTs and PNIPAm‐GO composites
Authors: Ünver Batuhan , Pekcan Önder , Akın Evingür Gülşen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate drying, swelling, elastic properties, and to produce optical band gap energies on the performance of Poly (N‐Isopropyl acrylamide) ‐ Multi walled carbon nanotubes (PNIPAm – MWCNTs) and Poly (N‐Isopropyl acrylamide)‐ Graphene Oxide (PNIPAm‐GO) composites, respectively. The composites were prepared by free radical crosslinking copolymerization. Drying and swelling of PNIPAm‐MWCNTs and PNIPAm‐ GO composites were performed by using steady state fluorescence technique. Firstly, the desorption coefficients of the composites were modeled by using Fick's Law. Cooperative diffusion coefficients were calculated by employing Li‐Tanaka Model. When composite doped with 10 wt% of MWCNTs has a higher desorption coefficient than composite doped with the same amount of GO, 40 wt% of GO content in the PNIPAm has a higher diffusion coefficient than the composite that has 40 wt% of MWCNTs content in the swelling process. Secondly, the composite that has 40 wt% of MWCNTs content has a higher modulus before swelling than the composite that has the same amount of GO contents. Lastly, optical band gap energies were calculated by using Tauc's approach, and Urbach's relation by using the data performed UV Spectroscopy. We found that PNIPAm ‐GO has a much narrower band gap value.
A vanillin‐containing DOPO‐based compound for improving the flame retardancy of epoxy resin simultaneously with comparable transparency and mechanical property
Authors: Lu Jiayi , Chen Liping , Luo Zhonglin , Wang Biaobing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA compound containing phosphorus/nitrogen/sulfur (named as DOVNPT) was synthesized by the reaction of p‐toluenesulfonamide, vanillin and 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxo‐10‐phosphophenanthrene‐10‐oxide, and was adopted to prepare flame retardant epoxy resins (FREPs) using 4,4‐diaminodiphenylmethane as the curing agent. The chemical structure of DOVNPT was verified using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. The influence of the DOVNPT content on the thermal stability, fire performance, combustion behaviors, transparency and mechanical properties of the FREPs was investigated in detail. The DOVNPT promoted the decomposition of EP on advance whilst lowered the maximum decomposition rate. With the incorporation of 4 wt% DOVNPT (0.49 wt% phosphorus content), the FREP‐4 achieved a LOI value of 34.4% and a UL‐94 V‐0 rating. The FREP‐4 also gave the lowest peak heat release rate, total heat release and total smoke release, with a reduction of 40.4%, 24.8%, and 28.6% as compared with the pure EP, respectively. The comprehensive analysis of the char residues and gaseous pyrolysis products demonstrated that the DOVPNT displayed good flame retardant effect in both gas phase and condensed phase. Simultaneously, the FREPs presented a comparable transparency and slightly improved mechanical properties as compared with the pure EP.
Flame retardancy, smoke suppression and enhancement properties of Enteromorpha based flame retardants onEPDM
Authors: Jiang Licong , Zhou Ziwen , Zhao Feng , Li Song , Liu Zhihua , Liu Xiaoyang , Xu Meiming , Xin Zhenxiang , Zhao Shuai , Li Lin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEnteromorpha as a waste from marine pollution brings great pressure to environmental governance every year, especially for China. Under the premise of shortage of industrial materials, taking appropriate measures can turn waste into wealth, which will benefit us a lot. In this work, a bio‐based reinforcing type flame retardant based on Enteromorpha is designed. The designed Enteromorpha based flame retardant system mainly is focused on the reinforcing action and the flame retardant effects on ethylene‐propylene‐diene tripolymer (EPDM) systemically. Therefore, with the emergence of innovate reinforcing type Enteromorpha flame retardants in the future, the application of Enteromorpha in the polymer flame retardants field will surely usher in bright development.
The gross anatomy course:SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic‐related effects on students' learning, interest in peer‐teaching, and students' perception of its importance
Authors: Messerer David Alexander Christian , Behr Jonathan Lukas , Kraft Sophie Felice , Schön Michael , Horneffer Astrid , Kühl Susanne Julia , Benedikt Seifert Lukas , Huber‐Lang Markus , Böckers Tobias Maria , Böckers Anja 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic required adjustments and limitations in university teaching, thereby challenging teaching concepts in anatomy requiring in‐person contact, including the gross anatomy course. Therefore, the present study investigates the impact of COVID‐19‐associated adjustments on students' perception of the gross anatomy course's importance and quality, students' preferred learning setting and outcome, and their motivation to involve themselves in academic activities, including becoming a future peer‐teacher of the course. Using paper‐based questionnaires in Ulm, Germany, 397 (response rate: 82.3%) students of the winter term of 2020/2021 were surveyed using quantitative and qualitative items, which were compared with cohorts prior to the pandemic. Students reported a higher global rating on course quality during COVID‐19 (pre‐COVID‐19: 5.3 ± 0.9, during‐COVID‐19: 5.6 ± 0.7,p < 0.001; 1 = very bad, 6 = very good). Students' perceived importance of the gross anatomy course showed a small but significant increase (pre‐COVID‐19: 4.2 ± 0.6, during‐COVID‐19: 4.3 ± 0.6,p < 0.001; 1 = strongly disagree, 6 = strongly agree). Students' motivation to apply as a peer‐teacher remained stable, nevertheless, they reported less interest in transferring their knowledge to junior students. Finally, students reported that they spent significantly more learning time alone and their examination grades remained unchanged during the pandemic. Astonishingly, despite radical changes of the teaching environment due to COVID‐19, students appreciate the offered teaching and highly valued the gross anatomy course.
Practical anatomy classes: An alternative to improve the learning of middle school students
Authors: Guimarães Daniel Menezes , Valério‐Gomes Bruna , de Araújo Rafael Lames , de Oliveira Cudischevitch Cecilia , Uziel Daniela 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAnatomy is the branch discipline focused on studying organisms' physical structures and parts. Although technological advances are broadening the anatomy study, the practices of prosection and dissection of human cadavers and animals remain a primary teaching method. Despite the large body of research supporting its benefits, in some countries, cadaveric prosection and dissection of vertebrate animals in secondary education have been banned. In the current study, to prevent a lack of access to anatomical sciences education, the use of plastinated biological specimens was proposed for teaching practical biology in middle and high schools. The study was conducted in the 2014 academic year. Eighty‐seven middle school students participated in the experiment. Groups consisted of: (i) theoretical classes only; (ii) theoretical class plus prosection with fresh specimens class; (iii) theoretical class plus expository with plastinated specimens classes. A post‐test grade method was used to assess the impact of such tasks on the learning experience of each group. An ANOVA test and multiple regression model were used to analyze the effects of the variables of interest. Our study highlighted that students who underwent the plastination practical class had higher overall performance and a higher mean post‐test grade than those in the pure theoretical group. A favorable effect of a positive self‐knowledge assessment on the students' performance was found, supporting the self‐efficacy model of human behavior. Thus, the current study provides further evidence to support the use of plastinated specimens as an effective teaching method in countries where dissection is not feasible.
Do our hands see what our eyes see? Investigating spatial and haptic abilities
Authors: Sveistrup Michelle A. , Langlois Jean , Wilson Timothy D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSpatial abilities (SAs) are cognitive resources used to mentally manipulate representations of objects to solve problems. Haptic abilities (HAs) represent tactile interactions with real‐world objects transforming somatic information into mental representations. Both are proposed to be factors in anatomy education, yet relationships between SAs and HAs remain unknown. The objective of the current study was to explore SA–HA interactions. A haptic ability test (HAT) was developed based on the mental rotations test (MRT) with three‐dimensional (3D) objects. The HAT was undertaken in three sensory conditions: (1) sighted, (2) sighted with haptics, and (3) haptics. Participants (n = 22; 13 females, 9 males) completed the MRT and were categorized into high spatial abilities (HSAs) (n = 12, mean± standard deviation: 13.7 ± 3.0) and low spatial abilities (LSAs) (n = 10, 5.6 ± 2.0) based on score distributions about the overall mean. Each SA group's HAT scores were compared across the three sensory conditions. Spearman's correlation coefficients between MRT and HAT scores indicated a statistically significant correlation in sighted condition (r = 0.553, p = 0.015) but were not significant in the sighted with haptics (r = 0.0.078, p = 0.212) and haptics (r = 0.043, p = 0.279) conditions. These data suggest HAs appear unrelated to SAs. With haptic exploration, LSA HAT scores were compensated; comparing HSA with LSA: sighted with haptics [median (lower and upper quartiles): 12 (12,13) vs. 12 (11,13), p = 0.254], and haptics [12 (11,13) vs. 12 (10,12), p = 0.381] conditions. Migrations to online anatomy teaching may unwittingly remove important sensory modalities from the learner. Understanding learner behaviors and performance when haptic inputs are removed from the learning environment represents valuable insight informing future anatomy curriculum and resource development.
The information ecosystem concept in information literacy: A theoretical approach and definition
Authors: Kuehn Evan F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDespite the prominence of the concept of the information ecosystem (hereafter IE) in information literacy documents and literature, it is under‐theorized. This article proposes a general definition of IE for information literacy. After reviewing the current use of the IE concept in the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) Framework for Information Literacy and other information literacy sources, existing definitions of IE and similar concepts (e.g., “evidence ecosystems”) will be examined from other fields. These will form the basis of the definition of IE proposed in the article for the field of information literacy: “all structures, entities, and agents related to the flow of semantic information relevant to a research domain, as well as the information itself.”
Evaluating Khaya senegalensis for Dipeptidyl Peptidase‐IV Inhibition Using in Vitro Analysis and Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Identified Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Idoko Victoria Ojonogecha , Sulaiman Mohammed Aliyu , Adamu Rahma Muhammad , Abdullahi Aliyu Dantani , Tajuddeen Nasir , Mohammed Aminu , Inuwa Hajiya Mairo , Ibrahim Mohammed Auwal 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV (DPP‐IV) inhibitory activity of Khaya senegalensis extracts was evaluated. The DPP‐IV from a rat kidney was purified to a purification fold of 2.3. Among extracts from K. senegalensis, the hexane extract had the best DPP‐IV inhibitory activity, with IC50 value of 1.56±0.61 μg/mL and was fractionated to eleven fractions (A–K). Fraction I had the best DPP‐IV inhibition via uncompetitive pattern. GC‐MS analysis of fraction I showed that the major bioactive compounds were 3‐amino‐3‐hydroxyimino‐N‐phenylpropanamide (1) and 11‐(2‐cyclopenten‐1‐yl)undecanoic acid (2), with good binding affinities toward DPP‐IV, based on molecular docking,. They were then subjected to molecular dynamic simulation using WEBGRO and utilizing a GROMACS system for 100 ns. The 3‐amino‐3‐hydroxyimino‐N‐phenylpropanamide‐DPP‐IV complex was more stable and compact than the other complex. K. senegalensis contains compounds like 1 that might be used for the design of new DPP‐IV inhibitors.
Dilemmas in the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in a patient with alkaptonuria: Successful treatment with teriparatide
Authors: Ebrahim Ismail C. , Hoang Thanh D. , Vietor Nicole O. , Schacht John P. , Shakir Mohamed K. M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractManagement of osteoporosis in patients with alkaptonuria can be challenging. This is the first case report confirming the effectiveness of teriparatide following zoledronic acid therapy in treating osteoporosis and preventing fragility fractures in a patient with alkaptonuria.
Iron‐Catalyzed Magnesium‐Mediated Formal Hydroformylation of Alkynes and Alkenes
Authors: Tewari Tanuja , Kumar Rohit , Chikkali Samir H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlkynes and alkenes are routinely converted to corresponding synthetically versatile aldehydes using rhodium‐catalyzed hydroformylation. However, rhodium is rare, precious, costly, and depleting at a considerably high rate. Reported here is iron‐catalyzed, magnesium‐mediated, formal hydroformylation of alkynes and alkenes in the absence of syngas. Readily available FeCl2 in the presence of alkyl magnesium halide, and dimethyl formamide, catalyzes hydroformylation of various alkynes and selectively produces α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes in good to excellent conversion. Mechanistic investigations revealed the presence of vinyl magnesium intermediate, the kinetic study disclosed the first‐order dependence of the reaction on iron loading, and the control experiment authenticated the iron catalyst‘s homogeneous nature. The scope of this methodology was amplified, and 20 alkenes were examined. [Fe(acac)3] in the presence of ligand, alkyl magnesium halide, and dimethyl formamide catalyzed the hydroformylation of alkenes and displayed good to excellent conversion. An earth‐abundant iron catalyst offering a syngas cylinder‐free safe alternative to high‐pressure hydroformylation has been reported.
Pd/Co Catalyst with High Pd Atom Utilization Efficiency for Nitrobenzene Hydrogenation at Room Temperature: Experimental and DFT Studies
Authors: Luo Jingwen , Huang Anqi , Yang Yao‐Yue , Ma Xing‐Yu , Chen Quan‐Liang , Chen Junxian , Wu Yajuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEnhancing catalytic performance as well as reducing catalyst cost are the eternal pursuit for the catalysis community. Herein, a simple and effective palladium‐doped cobalt (Pd/Co) catalyst with high Pd atom utilization efficiency was synthesized via galvanic replacement reaction for the selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene with H2 at room temperature, delivering >99 % yield of aniline with up to 158 times higher catalytic activity than commercial palladium powder. Detailed characterizations and DFT calculations revealed that Co−Pd interaction leads to a decrease in electron density of Pd and the distance between Pd atoms that results in the enhanced catalytic performance. Further experiments indicated that the Pd/Co catalyst serves as a highly efficient, selective, and recyclable catalyst for a range of nitroarene substrates. This work might provide a green and sustainable methodology to design and synthesize highly active catalysts with high utilization efficiency of the noble metals in fundamental and applied research.
Measurement of low‐loss aqueous solutions permittivity with high detection accuracy by a contact and free‐label resonance microwave sensor
Authors: Navaei Moein , Rezaei Pejman , Kiani Sina 
Published: December 2022

SummaryIn this paper, a microwave sensor is designed and built to measure the permittivity of aqueous solutions. The samples used in this experiment are different purities of ethanol mixed with water. Ethanol solution with different purities is a widely used material in industry. Structures of meander, ladder, and T‐structure were used to design the sensor. Then the designed sensor is simulated in CST software in range of relative dielectric from 10 to 80. After obtaining the desired answer in the simulation, the proposed sensor is built on the Rogers 4003 substrate, the built‐in sensor measured ethanol solution with a purity of 5% to 35% (equivalent to permittivity of 76 to 58), and is showed a sensitivity of 4% and a Q‐factor of 3500. The results of simulation and measurement are consistent with each other, and they indicated that the proposed sensor beyond the fluids can be supported and determine their relative dielectrics.
Dapagliflozin improves pancreatic islet function by attenuating microvascular endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Le Yunyi , Yang Jin , Li Fei , Jiang Yafei , Wei Tianjiao , Wang Dandan , Wang Kangli , Cui Xiaona , Lin Xiafang , Yang Kun , Hong Tianpei , Wei Rui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsSodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors, including dapagliflozin, improve ß cell function in type 2 diabetic individuals. Whether dapagliflozin can protect islet microvascular endothelial cells (IMECs) and thus contribute to the improvement of ß cell function remains unknown.Materials and MethodsThe db/db mice were treated with dapagliflozin or vehicle for 6 weeks. ß cell function, islet capillaries and the levels of inflammatory chemokines in IMECs were detected. The mouse IMEC cell line MS‐1 cells were incubated with palmitate and/or dapagliflozin for 24 h. Angiogenesis and inflammatory chemokine levels were evaluated, and the involved signalling pathways were analysed. The mouse ß cell line MIN6 cells, in the presence or absence of co‐culture with MS‐1 cells, were treated with palmitate and/or dapagliflozin for 24 h. The expression of ß cell specific markers and insulin secretion in MIN6 cells were determined.ResultsDapagliflozin significantly improved ß cell function, increased islet capillaries and decreased the levels of inflammatory chemokines of IMECs in db/db mice. In the palmitate‐treated MS‐1 cells, angiogenesis was enhanced and the levels of inflammatory chemokines were downregulated by dapagliflozin. Either a PI3K inhibitor or mTOR inhibitor eliminated the dapagliflozin‐mediated effects. Importantly, dapagliflozin attenuated the palmitate‐induced downregulation of ß cell function‐related gene expression and insulin secretion in MIN6 cells co‐cultured with MS‐1 cells but not in those on mono‐culture.ConclusionsDapagliflozin restores islet vascularisation and attenuates the inflammation of IMECs in type 2 diabetic mice. The dapagliflozin‐induced improvement of ß cell function is at least partially accounted for by its beneficial effects on IMECs in a PI3K/Akt‐mTOR‐dependent manner.
Red‐backed shrike (Lanius collurio) versus common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus): An example of ineffective cuckoo–hawk mimicry
Authors: Krausová Ladislava , Veselý Petr , Syrová Michaela , Antonová Kateřina , Fišer Ondřej , Chlumská Vanda , Pátková Markéta , Pužej Šimon , Fuchs Roman 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe red‐backed shrike (Lanius collurio) used to be one of the most common hosts of the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). Nevertheless, during the last 30 years, there is increasing evidence from Central Europe that the occurrence of cuckoo chicks in shrike nests has become scarcer, and that in some locations they have disappeared completely. Multiple hypotheses have been suggested to explain this abandonment. Here, we test the hypothesis that shrikes vigorously attack adult cuckoos, potentially resulting in ineffective parasitism. Adult common cuckoos resemble in appearance the Eurasian sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus), a common predator of small passerines. One hypothesis presumes that the cuckoo has evolved this mimicry to avoid attack by small passerines when searching for their nests. Our results show that shrikes defending their nests attacked cuckoos very vigorously, more often, and more intensively than they did sparrowhawks. In the presence of a sparrowhawk dummy, parent shrikes only produced alarm calls and flew over the dummy. This suggests that cuckoo–hawk mimicry is ineffective in the case of shrikes and that they attack them much more often than they do any other presented intruder. Therefore, this activity could possibly result in the abandonment of shrikes as potential hosts for cuckoos.
A statistical study of inelastic displacement ratio spectrum for existing structures
Authors: Banerjee Abhishek , Gupta Vinay K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDisplacement‐based design has gained importance due to the emergence of the performance‐based engineering, and it has now become desirable to estimate maximum (inelastic) displacements of structures for different levels of seismic hazard. Being closely related to damage, displacement (or drift) has become an important parameter necessary to meet various performance goals. It is considered convenient to estimate the inelastic displacement demand in a structure by multiplying the elastic displacement demand of the structure with a ratio called the inelastic displacement ratio. A comprehensive study is conducted for the parametric dependence of the inelastic displacement ratio in single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) systems with known relative lateral strengths, on strong motion duration, earthquake magnitude, epicentral distance, and geological site conditions. This study is different from the earlier studies of similar types in that other governing parameters are kept fixed while the effects of variations in any particular parameter are studied. This study is based on the generation of ensembles of synthetic accelerograms from a database of 1274 accelerograms recorded in western USA for the pseudospectral acceleration (PSA) spectra of given source and site parameters. It is found that strong motion duration may influence the inelastic displacement ratios, depending on the hysteretic properties of the oscillator, in the case of durations not much longer than 10 s. Earthquake magnitude has a significant influence on these ratios for the SDOF systems of most periods, while site geology appears to be important for the stiff oscillators. A scaling model is also proposed in this study for estimating the inelastic displacement ratio spectrum from a normalized relative velocity spectrum of the ground motion. The proposed model indirectly includes the effects of various governing parameters and is shown to preserve the trends available from the direct study.