bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To Protect (and Serve), Proportionally
Authors: Monaghan Jake 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter defends a substantive principle of justice that constrains the enforcement of the criminal code. One of the main concerns about police discretion is procedural: it is anti-democratic, or exercises legislative power, or violates legislative primacy. This chapter argues that the substantive principle of proportionality, one that uncontroversially constrains the execution of democratic orders in war, also constrains the enforcement of the criminal code. It then outlines a partial theory of permissible self and other-defense and applies it to the police. This has far-reaching implications: many burdensome police initiatives are ruled unjust, including those that are unlikely to accomplish their goals, that are counterproductive, and those that target state-generated violations. Policing that enforces the law without concern for principles of defensive force, like proportionality, is unjust.
On the Democratic Authorization of Police Power
Authors: Monaghan Jake 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter begins by recapping difficulties in offering a theoretical account of police legitimacy and outlining a Millian dilemma for democratic authorization. This enables an evaluation of extant attempts at securing democratic authorization via participatory democracy mechanisms found in community policing strategies. It argues that they are either underspecified or do not address relevant procedural concerns about democratic authorization, and so are not promising avenues for democratic policing. Indeed, many of them have predictable dynamics that exacerbate democratic authorization for policing by enabling unequal political power. The rest of the chapter is dedicated to a positive account of how policing can secure democratic authorization, one that relies on both electoral and non-electoral mechanisms. The choice between democratic, faithful enforcement of the criminal code and anti-democratic, discretionary policing is a false one.
Perception is constitutively nonpropositional and nonconceptual
Authors: Block Ned 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter explains my assumptions about what propositions and concepts are and argues that perception is constitutively nonpropositional and nonconceptual. It distinguishes format, content, state, and function. It compares pragmatic views of concepts with atomistic view. It considers how iconicity, nonpropositionality, and nonconceptuality fit together, arguing that iconic representation is unsuited to the systematicity required for conceptual and propositional representation. It discusses the sense in which perception is a winner-takes-all faculty. It discusses the Bayesian point of view and whether it shows that perception is inferential, concluding that it does not. It argues for an antirealist approach to Bayesian constructs, arguing against Michael Rescorla that Bayesian instrumentalism differs from historical instrumentalism in that evolution by natural selection is a “pro-instrumentalism” mechanism. This discussion also considers the difference between probabilistic representation in the content of perception and in the mode of perception. And there is a discussion of what a conceptualized percept is.
Making the Diagnosis
Authors: Simeon Daphne , Abugel Jeffrey 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes how to diagnose depersonalization/derealization disorder (DDD) according to the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, criterion by criterion, and provides clinical vignettes relevant to diagnosis. Each of the five DSM diagnostic criteria is presented and discussed. Criterion A1 requires persistent or recurrent episodes of depersonalization, while Criterion A2 requires persistent or recurrent episodes of derealization; patients may fulfill either or both. Criterion B specifies the presence of intact reality testing. Criterion C requires that a patient have significant distress and/or impairment stemming from the symptoms. Criteria D and E relate to exclusionary medical and other psychiatric diagnoses when making a diagnosis of DDD.
Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Simeon Daphne , Abugel Jeffrey 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes, and illuminates with several case histories, how depersonalization/derealization disorder (DDD) is differentiated from other comorbid psychiatric disorders, including other dissociative disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, substance use disorders, and psychotic disorders. It also describes medical conditions that need to be ruled out, especially when DDD presents in an atypical fashion, and the recommended medical work-up in such cases. These can include head trauma, seizures, brain lesions, viral infections, and sleep apnea. Each of the case histories expand on the nuances of how to differentiate DDD from episodes of other common psychiatric conditions, based on lifelong history and current presentation.
Trauma, Attachment, Emotion, and Cognition
Authors: Simeon Daphne , Abugel Jeffrey 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The chapter presents findings on childhood trauma, attachment style, alexithymia, and cognition in DDD. Childhood maltreatment is common in DDD, especially in the form of emotional abuse and/or neglect. Insecure attachment styles are common in people with the disorder, with a predominance of fearful attachment. Alexithymia is also common in DDD, in the domains of both identifying and describing feelings, and implications for emotional processing and regulation are discussed. Cognitive findings in the disorder are examined, including aspects of attention (selective, divided, sustained), as well as memory for negative emotional information and how this is impacted by stress. The chapter concludes with a fear-based trauma model for the genesis of the disorder.
Introduction
Authors: Scudder Mary F. , White Stephen K. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
People see democracy as having two “faces,” one associated with reason and civil deliberation, and the other with contestation and resistance to injustice. That is to say, democratic value can be identified in both the United States Constitutional Convention and the Boston Tea Party. But we are less sure about the underlying moral infrastructure that links these two portrayals of democracy. The confusion over how these two faces are connected is especially apparent in debates between “deliberativists” and “agonists” who emphasize the primacy of one face over the other. These debates are not merely abstract scholarly matters but are playing out in real-world clashes over the direction of democracy today. This chapter critiques the two opposing primacy claims. Developing a distinctive understanding of democracy’s moral core, the chapter shows the valuable, but limited, role of both deliberative and agonistic perspectives. This book calls this more capacious perspective the communicative model of democracy.
The Deliberative Turn and U-Turn in Democratic Theory
Authors: Scudder Mary F. , White Stephen K. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the “deliberative first statements” through which the commitments and values of deliberative democracy were established. Specifically, it offers an account of the emergence of the deliberative approach around 1990, as it appears in Habermas and others, considers its evolving shape over time, and evaluates how it has responded to a variety of specific criticisms. Here, special attention to concerns raised regarding the ideal nature of deliberative theory is given. As shown, deliberativists have responded to these and other challenges by taking a more expansive view of what deliberation means. Such an approach is especially visible in the recent systemic turn in deliberative theory. The goal of the chapter is to construe the deliberative approach such that it can become the best representative of the first face of democracy, and thus the best conception of democracy to take on the challenge of agonism.
The Deliberative Face
Authors: Scudder Mary F. , White Stephen K. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Chapter 3 investigates where the deliberative model has been set normatively adrift since its systemic turn. In responding to criticisms, deliberative democrats are said to have given in to two self-defeating tendencies: “concept-stretching” on the one hand and “criteria weakening” on the other hand. Now even deliberativists themselves argue that it is time to let democratic theory off the deliberative hook, so to speak. Pushing back against calls to drop the deliberative emphasis in democratic theory, the chapter shows that doing so would concede too much critical ground. The deliberative model, at least in its Habermasian variant, does crucial normative work, providing the underlying account of what democracy itself means in large pluralistic societies. By reconceptualizing democracy in a way that decenters the practice of deliberation and focuses more on a normative core of communicative action, the chapter hopes to address these concerns of normative drift, thereby offering the best version of the deliberative face.
An Exemplary Scene of the Moral Equality of Voice
Authors: Scudder Mary F. , White Stephen K. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Having developed the value and status of the idea of an originary exemplary scene of democracy in Chapter 5, this chapter turns to elucidating the character of such a scene. It embodies the core idea of the moral equality of voice of each actor and, in so doing, provides a sense of the interconnectedness of the two faces of democracy, the agonistic and deliberative. This scene also models the crucial characteristics of a democratic mythic: portraying the competence of each actor to, first, challenge prevailing norms and interpretations, and, second, take action to bring those challenges to life. Finally, a democratic mythic must also evoke the feeling that political life is a domain of perpetual uncertainty and precarity, in relation to which a subtle, underlying attitude of humility should be embraced. Without this, we are liable to invest our politics with the resentment and self-righteousness common today in right-wing populism.
Conclusion
Authors: Scudder Mary F. , White Stephen K. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews and summarizes how the “communicative model” of democracy both insightfully illuminates the two faces of democracy and shows how they should relate to one another. Importantly, the goal of this volume was not to reconcile the two faces of democracy, but to illuminate their tensional congruence. The communicative model presented here decenters both deliberation and agonism while also embodying their most appealing insights. It also provides cogent grounds for engaging and confronting the tide of right-wing populism that seems to increasingly renounce democratic practices. This chapter concludes with a discussion of how our approach can help defenders of democracy effectively orient themselves to the present challenges.
Building a social and economic order that serves life
Authors: Loreau Michel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The present social and economic order, based on the accumulation of abstract social wealth, is a formidable obstacle to restoring the unity of humans and nature. Any sustainable order must ensure that the conditions for the flourishing of life are maintained, which implies the satisfaction of fundamental human needs. Achieving this goal requires radical changes, including downscaling and reorienting most economic projects and enterprises, building a social organization that privileges connection to others and nature, deeply modifying the social roles of work and money, and reducing social inequality. A society based on the satisfaction of fundamental human needs can also reduce humanity’s ecological footprint on the biosphere by reducing both the average per capita footprint and human population size. Economics should be reoriented toward establishing the meaning and limits of human action in nature so that life on Earth can flourish and be perpetuated.
The Art of the Homily
Authors: Andruss Jessica 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Salmon takes a homiletical tone throughout the Lamentations commentary: he chastises and warns, offers pious instruction and urges repentance. The self-contained homilies embedded in his excursuses may reflect actual sermons delivered by Karaite preachers, and invite questions about the purpose of conveying oral admonition in literary form. Chapter 5 examines Salmon’s homiletical passages alongside rabbinic homiletical Midrashim, literary exhortations from Salmon’s Jewish contemporaries, and the rich sermon culture of the Islamic world. While Jewish homiletical discourse—both Rabbanite and Karaite—draws on biblical and Judaic traditions, it also has structural and thematic affinities with the Arabic-Islamic genres of pious counsel (waʿẓ; mawʿiẓa). Salmon’s homilies emphasize grief and mourning as spiritually transformative. In this way, he establishes Karaite piety as doubly subversive: it undermines Muslim concerns that excessive weeping belies faith in God, and it destabilizes Rabbanite efforts to restrict Jewish mourning over Jerusalem.
Lamentations 2
Authors: Andruss Jessica 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The theme of Salmon’s commentary on Lamentations 2 is Israel’s repeated failure to obey God and the prophets. Salmon finds evidence of this disobedience throughout Israel’s history, from the time of Moses to his own exilic period. He records the earliest sins in his excursus at Lamentations 2:1, where he draws from Exodus and Numbers to show that Israelites refused to listen to God from their earliest moments as a collective, and he notes that this pattern continues in every generation. He continues the historical review in an excursus at Lamentations 2:4, where he builds on the Midrashic tradition of “ten exiles” by identifying the exiles that are recorded in scripture, as well as those that were transmitted orally. In each case, the failure to follow divine law brings about “reversals,” wherein divine blessing and protection become divine curse and hostility. The refrain for this chapter includes Jeremiah 22:21 and reiterates that catastrophes will continue to overtake the nation that refuses to obey God’s word. This chapter contains translations of Salmon’s comments to Lamentations 2:1, 4, 6, 18, and 20.
Introduction
Authors: Szymanski Erika 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This brief introduction establishes the practical and theoretical approach underlying the rest of the book. It rejects the idea that science is about facts and that wine science should be approached that way. Instead, it suggests that the many sciences of wine are strategies for seeing and appreciating. It introduces the idea that science and values are invariably connected, and that science can be employed in many ways depending on one’s goals and values, against the misconception that wine science constitutes a set of instructions about how to make wine. The introduction concludes with a brief warning about limitations of the book’s scope and instructions for reading the following chapters.
Geography
Authors: Szymanski Erika 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Geographical indications sound as though they should be about geography. They are, but only when “geography” is defined broadly to encompass the history and storytelling folded into how map lines are drawn. Geographical indications are ultimately about how places are made and not just found, about storytelling and not just measures of regional distinctiveness. We can never simply ask whether a wine-growing region warrants its own indication. Instead, the question has to be: does someone want to make that region its own place, and are their interests louder and more influential than those of anyone who might disagree? This chapter reviews some of the complex history of how wine regions have been carved up in California, criteria mobilized to identify meaningful wine regions, and reasons that those criteria don’t easily transfer across contexts.
Weather
Authors: Szymanski Erika 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Even the weather, that most uncontrollable aspect of nature, isn’t purely “natural” but is also a product of human activity. Scientists have attempted to actively control the weather since the nineteenth century. Hail cannons and cloud seeding have been deployed in efforts to keep calamitous hailstorms away from valuable grapevines since the mid-twentieth century. Oddly, even after all that time, no one can conclusively say whether they work. A defensive strategy may therefore be better than an offensive one against hail, but the same can’t be said about the increasing presence of wildfires in wine regions, for which winemakers have few choices other than reactive mitigation. This chapter addresses the uncertain history of hail control and the present challenge of responding to smoke taint in the context of asking: what is a winemaking intervention?
Yeast
Authors: Szymanski Erika 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Humans and yeast have domesticated each other. We’ve adapted to living and working together over millennia, and we’ve all changed in the process. Consequently, “natural” or “wild” ferments are never entirely natural or wild. Inoculated ferments aren’t entirely under human control, either. DNA sequencing now makes it possible to identify which yeast strains are involved in a particular fermentation, irrespective of how they came to be there, and to ask: how have the past 150 years of efforts to standardize and commercialize Saccharomyces cerevisiae shaped contemporary wine fermentation landscapes? This chapter reviews recent research into human-microbial co-domestication, the “naturecultural” history of winemaking yeast, yeast diversity across inoculated and non-inoculated wines, and challenges in talking about yeast-human working relationships.
Sugar
Authors: Szymanski Erika 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Sugar only sticks around in a finished wine if a winemaker stops yeast from consuming it all for stylistic reasons, or if yeast gets “stuck” before finishing its job. One is a common way to make wine more appealing; the other is a common winemaking nightmare. Either way, residual sugar in a finished wine doesn’t always taste sweet because flavor perceptions interact. Wines that taste sweet don’t always contain residual sugar, either. Moreover, sugar plays multiple roles, even for folks who don’t like sweet wines. This chapter discusses microbiological challenges of making wine with or without residual sugar and sensory science on perceptual blending.
Oak
Authors: Szymanski Erika 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Oak barrels are an anachronism—an expensive, troublesome technology that has long since ceased to be a reasonable storage solution, but that remains popular for the flavor (and color, and texture) it delivers. Barrels are paradoxical in another way, as a container that needs to be solid enough to contain liquid, but whose value largely comes from being porous and partially soluble. Alternative technologies have been developed to replace barrels’ oxygenating and other sensory contributions, which only complicates the question: is oak an ingredient or a processing agent? This chapter discusses how barrels mediate flavor, color, and texture through the physics of diffusion and the biochemistry of phenolics, alongside ongoing work to replicate barrel-aging with micro-oxygenation and non-barrel oak products. It concludes with a brief discussion of oak in the context of European wine labeling laws.
Flavor
Authors: Szymanski Erika 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Can someone else tell you that what you’re tasting is wrong? Even though we can measure sensory-active molecules, making flavor objective is tricky because sensory perception is fundamentally about integration, involving individual physiology, memory, and vocabulary as well as combinations of molecules. Analytical instruments therefore can’t simply stand in for human experience. Flavor perception is also a function of context, affected by external cues beyond a wine itself. Consequently, evaluating wine flavor scientifically requires training a panel of people to behave as a single reliable analytical instrument—and that panel is limited in what it can say about what you’ll experience when you open a bottle. This chapter addresses why sensory studies still haven’t replaced humans with machines, individual variation in the experience of flavor, social and other contextual contributions to how flavor is perceived, and where efforts to standardize taste fall short.
Glass
Authors: Szymanski Erika 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A decade ago, screw caps and other alternative closures were being developed, and argued over, as maybe improvements over cork for keeping wine in the bottle. Now, the bottle itself is in question. The wine industry has yet to get over the embarrassing and unsustainable idea that the weight of the bottle is proportional to the quality of what’s inside. However, alternatives to glass are becoming increasingly viable precisely because heavy packaging is expensive: for producers, for consumers, and for the planet. This chapter reprises “the great closure wars” and the relative merits of corks, screw caps, and technical closures, and argues that bags-in-boxes and cans present wineries with similar choices about how best to preserve wine. Glass bottles may remain the gold standard for protecting wine quality over time, but when most wines are drunk young, how much does that matter?
Dandin’s Magic Mirror
Authors: Bronner Yigal 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1 explores Dandin’s Mirror of Literature (Kāvyādarśa) with a special focus on its pedagogy and method (mārga). The chapter opens by introducing Dandin and his uniquely open vision, in contrast to most works of Sanskrit śāstra and, in particular, to that of his main predecessor, Bhamaha. This openness is then demonstrated in the discussion of three of the Mirror’s main topics: poetic ornaments (alaṅkāra), for which Dandin presents a set of figurative modules that enable endless new and playful combinations; poetic flaws (doṣa) and virtues (guṇa), which Dandin sees as scalar (virtues become flaws due to sloppiness or overdoing, but almost every flaw can be upgraded to a virtue or an ornament); and poetry’s difficult path, with an emphasis on the figure of yamaka, or “twinning,” which he shows is easier than would otherwise seem. The chapter concludes by briefly discussing Dandin’s “pleasure principle.”
An Election Shaped by Crises
Authors: Levendusky Matthew , Pasek Josh , Holbert R. Lance , Hardy Bruce , Kenski Kate , Ophir Yotam , Renninger Andrew , Romer Dan , Walter Dror , Winneg Ken , Hall Jamieson Kathleen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces and establishes the significance of the four crises that shaped the 2020 election: the COVID-19 pandemic, the economic recession and uneven recovery triggered by the pandemic’s disruptions and lockdowns, what may have been the nation’s largest protest movement and subsequent racial reckoning, and the crisis of democratic legitimacy, triggered by Trump’s false allegations of voter fraud and culminating in the riot at the US Capitol on January 6, 2021. Further, we show that a dangerous thread of violence runs through and connects each of our crises, suggesting a troubling trend for our country. We explain the broad structure and overview of our book, and introduce readers to its core contentions.