bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Th1 bias of liver mucosal‐associated invariant T cells promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tang Wenjuan , Ge Kang , Shen Lei , Wang Hongdong , Feng Wenhuan , Sun Xitai , Chu Xuehui , Zhu Dalong , Yin Hongli , Bi Yan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsIt is acknowledged that aberrant liver immunity contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, an innate‐like T‐cell subset, are enriched in the human liver. Nevertheless, the characterisation and potential role of hepatic MAIT cells in T2DM remain unclear.Materials and methodsFourteen newly diagnosed T2DM subjects and 15 controls received liver biopsy. The frequency and cytokine production of MAIT cells were analysed by flow cytometry. The expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism was determined in HepG2 cells co‐cultured with hepatic MAIT cells.ResultsCompared with controls, hepatic MAIT cell frequency was significantly increased in T2DM patients (24.66% vs. 14.61%, p = 0.001). There were more MAIT cells producing interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ, 60.49% vs. 33.33%, p = 0.021) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α, 46.84% vs. 5.91%, p = 0.021) in T2DM than in controls, whereas their production of interleukin 17 (IL‐17) was comparable (15.25% vs. 4.55%, p = 0.054). Notably, an IFN‐γ+TNF‐α+IL‐17+/−producing MAIT cell subset was focussed, which showed an elevated proportion in T2DM (42.66% vs. 5.85%, p = 0.021) and positively correlated with plasma glucose levels. A co‐culture experiment further indicated that hepatic MAIT cells from T2DM upregulated the gene expression of pyruvate carboxylase, a key molecule involved in gluconeogenesis, in HepG2 cells, and this response was blocked with neutralising antibodies against IFN‐γ and TNF‐α.ConclusionsOur data implicate an increased Th1‐like MAIT cell subset in the liver of newly diagnosed T2DM subjects, which induces hyperglycaemia by promoting hepatic gluconeogenesis. It provides novel insights into the immune regulation of metabolic homoeostasis.Clinical trial registration numberNCT03296605 (registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov on 12 October 2018).
Modifying an Open Science Online Grocery for parents of youth with anorexia nervosa: A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Makara Amanda , Howe Holly , Cooper Marita , Heckert Kerri , Weiss Samantha , Kellom Katherine , Scharf Danielle , Ubel Peter , Orloff Natalia , Timko C. Alix 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveFor youth with anorexia nervosa (AN), remission requires high caloric goals to achieve weight restoration, consumption of a wide variety of calorically dense foods, and reintroduction of eliminated foods. Family‐based treatment (FBT), the gold‐standard treatment for youth with AN, empowers parents to renourish their child and restore them to health; yet, parents often report struggling with shifting meal planning and grocery shopping behaviors to focus on nutritional rehabilitation and weight restoration.MethodsThis proof‐of‐concept study aimed to modify a simulated grocery store (Open Science Online Grocery [OSOG]) for parents of youth with AN and explore the acceptability and feasibility of its use as part of standard care. Study staff collaborated with six parent research partners to modify the OSOG prior to piloting it with participants. Participants were 10 parents of youth undergoing a first‐time hospitalization for medical stabilization of AN or atypical AN. Parents completed a battery of measures and a semistructured interview assessing the acceptability and feasibility of OSOG.ResultsParents described the tool as credible and acceptable. Qualitative feedback highlighted common themes of caregiver burden, nutrition education, and acceptability of the tool.DiscussionResults point to the need for more work in supporting parents in Phase I of FBT.Public SignificanceFamilies are instrumental in supporting youth to recover from anorexia nervosa. During treatment, parents are charged with selecting and serving their adolescent's meals, often requiring them to change grocery shopping and food preparation habits to meet their child's high caloric needs. Parents reported feeling overwhelmed by this task and noted struggling with learning different approaches to nourish their adolescent during an already stressful time. Collaboratively with parents, we modified a tool to support parents in shifting thier shopping habits, which they reported as being a helpful springboard in the early phase of treatment.
A proposed trumping scheme for other specified feeding or eating disorder: Comment on Walsh et al., 2023
Authors: Thomas Jennifer J. , Gydus Julia E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe recent systematic review by Walsh, Hagan, & Lockwood (Int J Eat Disord, 2022) highlights the importance of further distinguishing atypical anorexia nervosa (atypical AN) from other feeding and eating disorders. The lack of a trumping scheme within other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED) hinders intervention selection in the clinical context and reduces reliability of diagnostic classification in research samples. Thus, we propose a trumping scheme within OSFED that mirrors the existing diagnostic algorithm in the main DSM‐5‐TR feeding and eating disorders section. According to this scheme, a diagnosis of atypical AN would override all other OSFED subcategories. Subthreshold bulimia nervosa (BN) would trump subthreshold binge‐eating disorder (BED) and purging disorder; purging disorder would trump subthreshold BED and night eating syndrome; night eating syndrome would trump subthreshold BED; and subthreshold BED would trump subthreshold avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)—a novel presentation that we propose adding under the OSFED umbrella to parallel the existing subthreshold classifications for the main feeding and eating disorders. We hope this proposed OSFED trumping scheme will improve intervention selection and diagnostic reliability in clinical and research contexts, and serve as a catalyst for future research on these newly recognized—but common and impairing—feeding and eating disorder presentations.
Transgenerational plasticity in a zooplankton in response to elevated temperature and parasitism
Authors: Sun Syuan‐Jyun , Dziuba Marcin K. , Jaye Riley N. , Duffy Meghan A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOrganisms are increasingly facing multiple stressors, which can simultaneously interact to cause unpredictable impacts compared with a single stressor alone. Recent evidence suggests that phenotypic plasticity can allow for rapid responses to altered environments, including biotic and abiotic stressors, both within a generation and across generations (transgenerational plasticity). Parents can potentially “prime” their offspring to better cope with similar stressors or, alternatively, might produce offspring that are less fit because of energetic constraints. At present, it remains unclear exactly how biotic and abiotic stressors jointly mediate the responses of transgenerational plasticity and whether this plasticity is adaptive. Here, we test the effects of biotic and abiotic environmental changes on within‐ and transgenerational plasticity using a Daphnia–Metschnikowia zooplankton‐fungal parasite system. By exposing parents and their offspring consecutively to the single and combined effects of elevated temperature and parasite infection, we showed that transgenerational plasticity induced by temperature and parasite stress influenced host fecundity and lifespan; offsprings of mothers who were exposed to one of the stressors were better able to tolerate elevated temperature, compared with the offspring of mothers who were exposed to neither or both stressors. Yet, the negative effects caused by parasite infection were much stronger, and this greater reduction in host fitness was not mitigated by transgenerational plasticity. We also showed that elevated temperature led to a lower average immune response, and that the relationship between immune response and lifetime fecundity reversed under elevated temperature: the daughters of exposed mothers showed decreased fecundity with increased hemocyte production at ambient temperature but the opposite relationship at elevated temperature. Together, our results highlight the need to address questions at the interface of multiple stressors and transgenerational plasticity and the importance of considering multiple fitness‐associated traits when evaluating the adaptive value of transgenerational plasticity under changing environments.
Current patterns of care in low‐risk thyroid cancer—A national cross‐sectional survey of Australian thyroid clinicians
Authors: Widjaja Winy , Rowe Christopher W. , Oldmeadow Christopher , Cope Daron , Fradgley Elizabeth A. , Paul Christine , O'Neill Christine J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionDe‐escalated treatment of hemithyroidectomy without radioactive iodine (RAI) is now accepted for patients with low‐risk, well‐differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC). The benefit of long‐term follow‐up care remains controversial. This study aims to describe parameters associated with less than total thyroidectomy, and discharge from specialist follow‐up in patients with low‐risk WDTC in Australia.MethodsAn online survey was distributed to Australian members of Endocrine Society of Australia, Australian and New Zealand Endocrine Surgeons, and Australian Society of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery. Clinicians completed a survey of management and follow‐up care preferences for four clinical vignettes (all low‐risk WDTC).Results119 clinicians (48% endocrinologists, 55% male) answered at least one question. The majority (59%) of respondents recommended less than total thyroidectomy and omission of RAI in patients with WDTC <2 cm. Most (62%) would discharge a patient with micropapillary thyroid cancer within 1 year following total thyroidectomy. In contrast, for WDTC 1–4 cm, >90% of clinicians would continue specialist follow‐up for at least 5 years. The majority of clinicians felt that patients experienced disproportionate fear of recurrence and were reassured by follow‐up. After multivariable analysis, clinicians who participated in multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) were more likely to choose de‐escalated care for both initial treatment (p = .005) and follow‐up care (>5 years, p = .05).ConclusionClinician attitudes captured by this survey reflect recent changes in guidelines towards hemithyroidectomy for low‐risk WDTC, particularly amongst MDT attendees. There is a need to further examine the impact of de‐escalated care on fear of recurrence and quality of life in thyroid cancer survivors.
Serum potassium level and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist dose in a large cohort of chronic heart failure patients
Authors: Clephas Pascal R. D. , Radhoe Sumant P. , Linssen Gerard C. M. , Langerveld Jorina , Plomp Jacobus , Smits Jeroen P. P. , Nagelsmit Michiel J. , Rocca Hans‐Peter Brunner‐La , Brugts Jasper J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsHyperkalaemia is observed frequently in heart failure (HF) patients and is associated with an impaired prognosis and underuse of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs). However, the effects of serum potassium on prescription of the full guideline recommended daily dose of 50 mg in real‐world daily practice are unknown. Therefore, we investigated serum potassium and its association with the prescribed MRA dose in a large cohort of chronic HF patients.Methods and resultsA total of 5346 patients with chronic HF with a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% from 34 Dutch outpatient HF clinics between 2013 and 2016 were analysed on serum potassium and MRA (spironolactone and eplenerone) dose. Data were stratified by potassium as a serum potassium level <4.0, 4.0 to 5.0 or >5.0 mmol/L. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between serum potassium and MRA dose and to adjust for potential confounders. Mean serum potassium was 4.4 ± 0.5 mmol/L and hyperkalaemia (serum potassium >5.0 mmol/L) was present in 399 patients (7.5%). MRA was used in 3091 patients (58.1%). Patients with hyperkalaemia significantly less often received ≥100% of the target dose (50 mg) compared with patients with a serum potassium between 4.0–5.0 mmol/L and <4.0 mmol/L (7.7% vs. 9.5% vs. 13.6% respectively, P = 0.0078). In the multivariable regression analyses, patients with hyperkalaemia were significantly less likely to receive ≥100% of the target dose compared with patients with serum potassium 4.0–5.0 mmol/L (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.15–0.97, P = 0.044). Additionally, a one unit increase in serum potassium was significantly associated with a lower odds of receiving ≥100% of the target dose (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49–0.98, P = 0.036).ConclusionsIn this large registry of real‐world chronic HF patients, both an increase in serum potassium and hyperkalaemia were associated with a lower odds of receiving the guideline‐recommended MRA dose.
Comparison of care and outcomes for myocardial infarction by heart failure status between United Kingdom and Japan
Authors: Nakao Kazuhiro , Dafaalla Mohamed , Nakao Yoko M. , Wu Jianhua , Nadarajah Ramesh , Rashid Muhammad , Mohammad Haris , Sumita Yoko , Nakai Michikazu , Iwanaga Yoshitaka , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Noguchi Teruo , Yasuda Satoshi , Ogawa Hisao , Mamas Mamas A. , Gale Chris P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsPrognosis for ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is worse when heart failure is present on admission. Understanding clinical practice in different health systems can identify areas for quality improvement initiatives to improve outcomes. In the absence of international comparison studies, we aimed to compare treatments and in‐hospital outcomes of patients admitted with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) by heart failure status in two healthcare‐wide cohorts.Methods and resultsWe used two nationwide databases to capture admissions with STEMI in the United Kingdom (Myocardial ischemia National Audit Project, MINAP) and Japan (Japanese Registry of All Cardiac and Vascular Diseases‐Diagnostic Procedure Combination, JROAD‐DPC) between 2012 and 2017. Participants were stratified using the HF Killip classification into three groups; Killip 1: no congestive heart failure, Killip 2–3: congestive heart failure, Killip 4: cardiogenic shock. We calculated crude rate and case mix standardized risk ratios (CSRR) for use of treatments and in‐hospital death. Patients were younger in the United Kingdom (65.4 [13.6] vs. 69.1 [13.0] years) and more likely to have co‐morbidities in the United Kingdom except for diabetes and hypertension. Japan had a higher percentage of heart failure and cardiogenic shock patients among STEMI during admission than that in the United Kingdom. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) rates were lower in the United Kingdom compared with Japan, especially for patients presenting with Killip 2–3 class heart failure (pPCI use in patients with Killip 1, 2–3, 4: Japan, 86.2%, 81.7%, 78.7%; United Kingdom, 79.6%, 58.2% and 79.9%). In contrast, beta‐blocker use was consistently lower in Japan than in the United Kingdom (61.4% vs. 90.2%) across Killip classifications and length of hospital stay longer (17.0 [9.7] vs. 5.0 [7.4] days). The crude rate of in‐hospital mortality increased with increasing Killip class group. Both the crude rate and CSRR was higher in the United Kingdom compared with Japan for Killip 2–3 (15.8% vs. 6.4%, CSRR 1.80 95% CI 1.73–1.87, P < 0.001), and similar for Killip 4 (36.9% vs. 36.3%, CSRR 1.11 95% CI 1.08–1.13, P < 0.001).ConclusionsImportant differences in the care and outcomes for STEMI with heart failure exist between the United Kingdom and Japan. Specifically, in the United Kingdom, there was a lower rate of pPCI, and in Japan, fewer patients were prescribed beta blockers and hospital length of stay was longer. This international comparison can inform targeted quality improvement programmes to narrow the outcome gap between health systems.
Seismic performance of gravity retaining walls
Authors: Yünkül Kaan , Gürbüz Ayhan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the present study, the seismic performances of gravity retaining walls having both inclined back side and inclined backfill were investigated under sinusoidal acceleration excitations using series of shaking table tests on 750 mm height physical model. The effects of input peak ground acceleration (), inclination angle of backfill material (α) and inclination angle of back of the gravity retaining wall (β) on acceleration amplification factor (), maximum peak lateral relative () and maximum residual lateral displacement () of the wall, surface settlement () of the backfill material, inertial force () and horizontal dynamic active force () were assessed. It was observed that higher values of the were obtained from the experimental results as compared the ones from current seismic design codes. Moreover, the six results of shaking table tests revealed that the phase difference was appeared between the inertial force and dynamic earth pressures. Pseudo‐static limit equilibrium methods resulted in over conservative results and could not truly reflect the seismic behavior of gravity wall due to the inertial forces and phase difference not taken into consideration.
An online identification method for establishing a microgrid equivalent model based on the hybrid particle swarm optimization butterfly algorithm
Authors: Yong Shi , Yin Cheng , Jianhui Su , Meiqin Mao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe frequency response model of a microgrid system is an indispensable tool for designing secondary frequency controllers and analyzing system frequency stability. Owing to the complexity of a microgrid system structure, time‐varying operation state, and difficulty in obtaining the inverter parameters, it is difficult to model the microgrid system. To address the abovementioned problems, this study constructs the equivalent model of a microgrid system based on mechanism analysis and then identifies the equivalent model parameters using an online identification method based on a hybrid particle swarm optimization butterfly algorithm according to the sampled operation data to obtain the specific equivalent model of a microgrid for the controller. This modeling method has strong adaptability and can yield accurate identification modeling when the operational structure of the microgrid changes.
A machine learning‐based approach to the multiobjective optimization of CO2 injection and water production during CCS in a saline aquifer based on field data
Authors: Vaziri Pouya , Sedaee Behnam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe presence of carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects is important due to the growing production of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide (CO2). Our target functions have been chosen because of the importance of CO2 storage in CCS projects and the requirement for producing less water in projects requiring water production. As a proxy for reservoir simulations, support vector regression, artificial neural network (ANN), and multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) have been used. It was determined that MARS had higher accuracy based on examining these three data‐driven models with the available field data. It was, however, very close to the accuracy of the ANN. MARS gave root mean square of error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and R2 values of 2.78%, 1.95%, and 0.998, respectively, for predicting CO2 storage values in test data, yet 3.73%, 3.53%, and 0.995 for blind data. The RMSE, MAE, and R2 to evaluate the machine learning (ML) model for predicting water production were 3.58%, 2.81%, and 0.997, respectively, while the results for blind data were 3.94%, 2.83%, and 0.997, respectively. By reducing the amount of computational load and time taken to reproduce the simulation data by MARS, it will be beneficial for optimization. This study highlights the application of the ML approach to coupling with genetic algorithms and optimizing CO2 storage and water production. With the proposed frameworks, preprocessing, feature selection, two‐stage validation of the data‐driven model, and optimizer are performed in the aquifer and a repository containing a series of optimal solutions is developed to be used in projects.
The impact of the El Niño phenomenon on electricity prices in hydrologic‐based production systems: A switching regime semi‐nonparametric approach
Authors: Trespalacios Alfredo , Cortés Lina M. , Perote Javier 
Published: February 2023

AbstractElectricity production in highly hydrological‐dependent systems is determined by different weather phenomena, which strongly impact spot prices. To account for such stylized facts, we propose a stochastic process with a mean reversion and switching regime component to represent the dynamics of the spot price. The short‐term movements are represented by semi‐nonparametric (SNP) distributions, in contrast to previous studies that traditionally assume Gaussian processes. We consider the Colombian electricity market as a study case, in which 68% of its electrical generation comes from water resources, and the El Niño phenomenon represents a critical source of risk for maintaining long‐term supply, sustainability of investments, and efficiency of prices. We show that under scarcity seasons, the spot price mean, variance, and some superior‐order moments of electricity price distribution increase, as does the risk level of the system. In particular, the switching regime model with SNP distributions for the random components outperforms traditional models, leading to accurate estimates and simulations, thus being a helpful tool for resource planning, risk management, and policy‐makers for electricity markets with high climatic dependency.
Elymus nepalensis (Poaceae, Triticeae): A rediscovery, lectotypification, and new geographic record from India
Authors: Yadav Rekha , Agnihotri Priyanka , Madhukar Virendra K. , Husain Tariq 
Published: February 2023

AbstractElymus nepalensis, which was described from Nepal in the year 1960 and was considered to be endemic to Nepal and known only by the Type collections, has been rediscovered from Dzoukou valley, situated at the border of Manipur and Nagaland, India. The same has been typified with detailed description, illustration, and distribution.