bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimal nondegenerate extensions
Authors: Johnson-Freyd Theo , Reutter David 
Published: January 2023

We prove that every slightly degenerate braided fusion category admits a minimal nondegenerate extension, and hence that every pseudo-unitary super modular tensor category admits a minimal modular extension. This completes the program of characterizing minimal nondegenerate extensions of braided fusion categories.

Our proof relies on the new subject of fusion

2
2

-categories. We study in detail the Drinfel’d centre

Z

(

M
o
d

-

B

)

\mathcal {Z}({_{}\mathrm {Mod}\text {-}\mathcal {B}})

of the fusion

2
2

-category

M
o
d

-

B

{_{}\mathrm {Mod}\text {-}\mathcal {B}}

of module categories of a braided fusion

1
1

-category

B

\mathcal {B}

. We show that minimal nondegenerate extensions of

B

\mathcal {B}

correspond to certain trivializations of

Z

(

M
o
d

-

B

)

\mathcal {Z}({_{}\mathrm {Mod}\text {-}\mathcal {B}})

. In the slightly degenerate case, such trivializations are obstructed by a class in

H
5

(
K
(

Z

2

,
2
)
;

k

×

)

H^5(K(\mathbb {Z}_2, 2); \mathbb {k}^\times )

and we use a numerical invariant—defined by evaluating a certain two-dimensional topological field theory on a Klein bottle—to prove that this obstruction always vanishes.

Along the way, we develop techniques to explicitly compute in braided fusion

2
2

-categories which we expect will be of independent interest. In addition to the model of

Z

(

M
o
d

-

B

)

\mathcal {Z}({_{}\mathrm {Mod}\text {-}\mathcal {B}})

in terms of braided

B

\mathcal {B}

-module categories, we develop a computationally useful model in terms of certain algebra objects in

B

\mathcal {B}

. We construct an

S
S

-matrix pairing for any braided fusion

2
2

-category, and show that it is nondegenerate for

Z

(

M
o
d

-

B

)

\mathcal {Z}({_{}\mathrm {Mod}\text {-}\mathcal {B}})

. As a corollary, we identify components of

Z

(

M
o
d

-

B

)

\mathcal {Z}({_{}\mathrm {Mod}\text {-}\mathcal {B}})

with blocks in the annular category of

B

\mathcal {B}

and with the homomorphisms from the Grothendieck ring of the Müger centre of

B

\mathcal {B}

to the ground field.
Bark production of generalist and specialist species across savannas and forests in the Cerrado
Authors: Chiminazzo Marco Antonio , Bombo Aline Bertolosi , Charles-Dominique Tristan , Fidelis Alessandra 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Bark allows species to survive fire, protecting their inner tissues and allowing new branches to resprout from aerial buds. Thus, bark production is likely to be selected with aerial bud protection in fire-prone ecosystems. By considering the coexistence of fire-prone and fire-free ecosystems, in addition to the different impacts of flames on different growth forms, in this study we tested whether: (1) species from areas with higher fire frequencies have a faster bark production; (2) bark growth rate differs between trees and shrubs; (3) generalists adjust their bark production according to their environment (fire-prone or fire-free ecosystems); and (4) fast bark production results in better aerial bud protection.

Methods
We sampled two different types of forests and savannas in the Cerrado and registered every woody individual with height between 1.5 and 3 m tall (directly exposed to the flames). For the 123 species registered, we sampled three different individuals in each vegetation type where the species occurred to assess their bark production and aerial bud protection. We then checked, for each species, their preferred habitat (savanna and forest specialists or generalists) and their predominant growth form.

Key Results
A minimal threshold of 0.13 mm per growth unit of bark production differentiated woody communities from savannas and forests. Shrubs and trees did not differ in terms of bark growth rate, despite being exposed to the flames in a different manner. Generalist species in savannas were able to produce bark above the threshold. However, when these species were in forests they produced bark below the threshold. Finally, a higher bark growth rate accounted for a better aerial bud protection.

Conclusions
Generalist species are likely to be capable of displaying plasticity in their bark production, which could be important for their success in contrasting ecosystems. The relationship between aerial bud protection and bark growth rate suggests that bark production plays an important role in protecting the dormant buds, in addition to being selected in fire-prone ecosystems.
The Effect and Implication of Social Media Platforms on Plastic Cosmetic Surgery: A Cross-sectional Study in Saudi Arabia From 2021 to 2022
Authors: AlBahlal Ahmed , Alosaimi Norah , Bawadood Manar , AlHarbi Abdulrahman , AlSubhi Fatema 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Aesthetic procedures are considered one of the most commonly performed procedures in the medical field. Social media (SM) reflects the electronic platforms that deliver an enormous amount of information to different users and enable them to share their content and experience with others at the simple click of a button. In our modern era, SM platforms affect different angles of our lives, from a simple detail to a significant complex aspect.

Objectives
To evaluate the effect of different SM platforms on plastic cosmetic surgery in Saudi Arabia.

Methods
The authors conducted a cross-sectional study in 2021, employing a random sampling technique with a sample size of 2249 participants (ages 12 to &gt;50). They included all plastic cosmetic interventions, and excluded reconstructive and traumatic interventions.

Results
It was reported that 56.7% were not interested in doing surgical or non-surgical cosmetic interventions, while 43.3% were interested. Those influenced by SM platforms were either interested or not interested in doing cosmetic interventions. Snapchat (Santa Monica, CA) was the most commonly influential SM platform. In addition, 35.9% answered that surgeons’ advertisements affected their decision to seek plastic surgery consultations. Photograph editing applications made 46% of participants look better and more confident to post and share their pictures.

Conclusions
Our analysis showed that those influenced by SM platforms to seek cosmetic treatment were comparatively more interested in cosmetic treatment, with Snapchat being the most influential platform. Therefore, further studies to evaluate the impact of SM platforms among plastic surgeons are encouraged.

Level of Evidence: 4
GWAS quality score for evaluating associated regions in GWAS analyses
Authors: Awasthi Swapnil , Chen Chia-Yen , Lam Max , Huang Hailiang , Ripke Stephan , Altar C Anthony 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Motivation
The number of significantly associated regions reported in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for polygenic traits typically increases with sample size. A traditional tool for quality control and identification of significant regions has been a visual inspection of how significant and correlated genetic variants cluster within a region. However, while inspecting hundreds of regions, this subjective method can misattribute significance to some loci or neglect others that are significant.

Results
The GWAS quality score (GQS) identifies suspicious regions and prevents erroneous interpretations with an objective, quantitative and automated method. The GQS assesses all measured single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are linked by inheritance to each other [linkage disequilibrium (LD)] and compares the significance of trait association of each SNP to its LD value for the reported index SNP. A GQS value of 1.0 ascribes a high level of confidence to the entire region and its underlying gene(s), while GQS values &lt;1.0 indicate the need to closely inspect the outliers. We applied the GQS to published and non-published genome-wide summary statistics and report suspicious regions requiring secondary inspection while supporting the majority of reported regions from large-scale published meta-analyses.

Availability and implementation
The GQS code/scripts can be cloned from GitHub (https://github.com/Xswapnil/GQS/). The analyst can use whole-genome summary statistics to estimate GQS for each defined region. We also provide an online tool (http://35.227.18.38/) that gives access to the GQS. The quantitative measure of quality attributes by GQS and its visualization is an objective method that enhances the confidence of each genomic hit.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Prediction of drug side effects with transductive matrix co-completion
Authors: Liang Xujun , Fu Ying , Qu Lingzhi , Zhang Pengfei , Chen Yongheng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Side effects of drugs could cause severe health problems and the failure of drug development. Drug–target interactions are the basis for side effect production and are important for side effect prediction. However, the information on the known targets of drugs is incomplete. Furthermore, there could be also some missing data in the existing side effect profile of drugs. As a result, new methods are needed to deal with the missing features and missing labels in the problem of side effect prediction.

Results
We propose a novel computational method based on transductive matrix co-completion and leverage the low-rank structure in the side effects and drug–target data. Positive-unlabelled learning is incorporated into the model to handle the impact of unobserved data. We also introduce graph regularization to integrate the drug chemical information for side effect prediction. We collect the data on side effects, drug targets, drug-associated proteins and drug chemical structures to train our model and test its performance for side effect prediction. The experiment results show that our method outperforms several other state-of-the-art methods under different scenarios. The case study and additional analysis illustrate that the proposed method could not only predict the side effects of drugs but also could infer the missing targets of drugs.

Availability and implementation
The data and the code for the proposed method are available at https://github.com/LiangXujun/GTMCC.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Granzyme K contributes to endothelial microvascular damage and leakage during skin inflammation
Authors: Turner Christopher T , Zeglinski Matthew R , Boivin Wendy , Zhao Hongyan , Pawluk Megan A , Richardson Katlyn C , Chandrabalan Arundhasa , Bird Phillip , Ramachandran Rithwik , Sehmi Roma , Lima Hermenio , Gauvreau Gail , Granville David J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Granzyme K (GzmK) is a serine protease with minimal presence in healthy tissues while abundant in inflamed tissues. Initially thought to play an exclusive role in immune-mediated cell death, extracellular GzmK can also promote inflammation.

Objectives
To evaluate the role of GzmK in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD), the most common inflammatory skin disease.

Methods
A panel of human AD and control samples was analysed to determine if GzmK is elevated. Next, to determine a pathological role for GzmK in AD-like skin inflammation, oxazolone-induced dermatitis was induced in GzmK−/− and wild-type (WT) mice.

Results
In human lesional AD samples, there was an increase in the number of GzmK+ cells compared with healthy controls. GzmK−/− mice exhibited reduced overall disease severity characterized by reductions in scaling, erosions and erythema. Surprisingly, the presence of GzmK did not notably increase the overall pro-inflammatory response or epidermal barrier permeability in WT mice; rather, GzmK impaired angiogenesis, increased microvascular damage and microhaemorrhage. Mechanistically, GzmK contributed to vessel damage through cleavage of syndecan-1, a key structural component of the glycocalyx, which coats the luminal surface of vascular endothelia.

Conclusions
GzmK may provide a potential therapeutic target for skin conditions associated with persistent inflammation, vasculitis and pathological angiogenesis.
IDEOM vitiligo work group: an update on our first year
Authors: Silverberg Nanette B , Cohen Arnon , Desai Seemal , Francis Priyanka , Francis Vimala , Gardner Jackie , Guarino Carrie , Guarino Isabella , Huang Victor , Rosmarin David ,   (Co-chair) [members are listed in alphabetical order]
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The new Vitiligo Work Group of IDEOM was created in October 2021 and met at the annual IDEOM meetings of 2021 and 2022. The mission of the workgroup is to develop core outcome measures in vitiligo that meet three criteria: to meet the needs of stakeholders of all types, to be validated for clinical trials and studies, and to be used in all age groups of patients. The Vitiligo Work Group met November 2021 and June 2022, yielding a list of 10 potential core domains for voting. Voting was conducted at the Annual Meeting of IDEOM on 18 June 2022. Voting members of IDEOM included 23 dermatologists, 1 rheumatologist, 3 dermatologists and rheumatologists, 11 industry partners, 9 patients, 8 patient association representatives and 15 researchers. Core domains meeting 75% consensus threshold included: health-related quality of life (95·35%), extent of depigmentation (93·632%), treatment satisfaction including treatment burden (92·86%), location (83·67%), colour matching (82·69%) and maintenance of pigmentation (76·47%). Two domains met 50% threshold including primary diagnosis/comorbidities (59·62%) and trajectory of disease/stabilization (57·45%) and one domain, itch, failed to reach a consensus (38·46%). Using an approach of inclusion of stakeholders from all walks of life, six core domains reached a consensus for inclusion, two achieved partial consensus but required revision to break down the elements (e.g. primary diagnosis and comorbidities should be separated) and itch failed to achieve inclusion. The group continues to work on its core domains set using a broad range of stakeholders to produce a practical set of domains that are of importance to all stakeholders.
Co-producing Research with Disabled Lay Researchers: Lessons from a Project Exploring Social Workers’ Use of Digital Communication Technologies with Disabled Users of Social Work Services
Authors: Sarre Sophie , Meakin Becki , Geoghegan Luke , Robert Glenn , Sanders Charlie , Lavanchy Roxane , Minogue Shani , Fadden Tom , O’Brien Molly 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The value of co-produced research is increasingly recognised. This is a case study of a lay conducted, co-produced qualitative research study on the experiences of social workers and Disabled users of their services of using (or not) digital technologies when communicating with each other. We describe the co-production process from inception to dissemination and draw out lessons for future studies. Disabled lay researchers developed interview topic guides, conducted semi-structured interviews with social workers and Disabled users of social work services, analysed the data and led or contributed to study outputs. Several factors contributed to the success of this study. It was co-produced using service user, practitioner and academic knowledge. It is built on existing trusted relationships. Training and support were targeted and relevant, and delivered using a variety of learning methods, including peer support. Disabled lay researchers drew on their lived experiences to develop topic guides and interpret data. The study team was committed to inclusion, capacity building and an assets-based approach, and to carefully managing power relationships. Challenges were the time required to setup the study and to train and support lay researchers, and the bureaucratic and governance systems that were not ideally suited to root and branch co-production.
Outcome of clinical experience of introducing a patient with secondary systemic AL-amyloidosis associated with multiple myeloma
Authors: Novosad Olga , Rudiuk Tymur , Shevchuk Lesya , Kundina Viktoriia , Schmidt Anna 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This research is relevant, as AL-amyloidosis refers to a systemic type of disease characterized by aggregation of an improperly folded light chain of an immunoglobulin, mainly in the heart and kidneys, causing organ failure. This study describes the clinical experience of introducing a patient with cardiac amyloidosis associated with multiple myeloma (MM). A clinical case of a patient diagnozed with amyloidosis was considered. Magnetic resonance imaging signs of cardiac amyloidosis were confirmed due to the presence of concentric biventricular hypertrophy without dilation, atrial septal hypertrophy, a tendency to atrial dilation, thickening of valve flaps and atrial walls. Upon admission to the research institute, the patient had an anasarca. More accurate recognition of AL-amyloidosis by cardiologists allows for prescribing earlier treatment and improving results. Conventional treatment of MM and AL-amyloidosis includes a combination of dexamethasone with bortezomib and endoxan. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation after taking high doses of melphalan has become another treatment option and has led to remission in some patients. The novelty of the study is that an example of a timely complete diagnosis and treatment of a combination of these two diseases was presented, as a result of which the patient has achieved a complete haematological and partial organ response to the underlying disease.
Exploring the emergence of morphological asymmetries around the brain’s Sylvian fissure: a longitudinal study of shape variability in preterm infants
Authors: De Vareilles Héloïse , Rivière Denis , Pascucci Marco , Sun Zhong-Yi , Fischer Clara , Leroy François , Tataranno Maria-Luisa , Benders Manon J , Dubois Jessica , Mangin Jean-François 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Brain folding patterns vary within the human species, but some folding properties are common across individuals, including the Sylvian fissure’s inter-hemispheric asymmetry. Contrarily to the other brain folds (sulci), the Sylvian fissure develops through the process of opercularization, with the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes growing over the insular lobe. Its asymmetry may be related to the leftward functional lateralization for language processing, but the time course of these asymmetries’ development is still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated refined shape features of the Sylvian fissure and their longitudinal development in 71 infants born extremely preterm (mean gestational age at birth: 26.5 weeks) and imaged once before and once at term-equivalent age (TEA). We additionally assessed asymmetrical sulcal patterns at TEA in the perisylvian and inferior frontal regions, neighbor to the Sylvian fissure. While reproducing renowned strong asymmetries in the Sylvian fissure, we captured an early encoding of its main asymmetrical shape features, and we observed global asymmetrical shape features representative of a more pronounced opercularization in the left hemisphere, contrasting with the previously reported right hemisphere advance in sulcation around birth. This added novel insights about the processes governing early-life brain folding mechanisms, potentially linked to the development of language-related capacities.
Sex differences and disparities in cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19
Authors: Bugiardini Raffaele , Nava Stefano , Caramori Gaetano , Yoon Jinsung , Badimon Lina , Bergami Maria , Cenko Edina , David Antonio , Demiri Ilir , Dorobantu Maria , Fronea Oana , Jankovic Radmilo , Kedev Sasko , Ladjevic Nebojsa , Lasica Ratko , Loncar Goran , Mancuso Giuseppe , Mendieta Guiomar , Miličić Davor , Mjehović Petra , Pašalić Marijan , Petrović Milovan , Poposka Lidija , Scarpone Marialuisa , Stefanovic Milena , van der Schaar Mihaela , Vasiljevic Zorana , Vavlukis Marija , Vega Pittao Maria Laura , Vukomanovic Vladan , Zdravkovic Marija , Manfrini Olivia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Aims
Previous analyses on sex differences in case fatality rates at population-level data had limited adjustment for key patient clinical characteristics thought to be associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. We aimed to estimate the risk of specific organ dysfunctions and mortality in women and men.

Methods and results
This retrospective cross-sectional study included 17 hospitals within 5 European countries participating in the International Survey of Acute Coronavirus Syndromes COVID-19 (NCT05188612). Participants were individuals hospitalized with positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from March 2020 to February 2022. Risk-adjusted ratios (RRs) of in-hospital mortality, acute respiratory failure (ARF), acute heart failure (AHF), and acute kidney injury (AKI) were calculated for women vs. men. Estimates were evaluated by inverse probability weighting and logistic regression models. The overall care cohort included 4499 patients with COVID-19-associated hospitalizations. Of these, 1524 (33.9%) were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU), and 1117 (24.8%) died during hospitalization. Compared with men, women were less likely to be admitted to ICU [RR: 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71–0.91]. In general wards (GWs) and ICU cohorts, the adjusted women-to-men RRs for in-hospital mortality were of 1.13 (95% CI: 0.90–1.42) and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.70–1.05; pinteraction = 0.04). Development of AHF, AKI, and ARF was associated with increased mortality risk (odds ratios: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.73–2.98; 3.85, 95% CI: 3.21–4.63; and 3.95, 95% CI: 3.04–5.14, respectively). The adjusted RRs for AKI and ARF were comparable among women and men regardless of intensity of care. In contrast, female sex was associated with higher odds for AHF in GW, but not in ICU (RRs: 1.25; 95% CI: 0.94–1.67 vs. 0.83; 95% CI: 0.59–1.16, pinteraction = 0.04).

Conclusions
Women in GW were at increased risk of AHF and in-hospital mortality for COVID-19 compared with men. For patients receiving ICU care, fatal complications including AHF and mortality appeared to be independent of sex. Equitable access to COVID-19 ICU care is needed to minimize the unfavourable outcome of women presenting with COVID-19-related complications.
Alternative polyadenylation regulation in cardiac development and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Cao Jun , Kuyumcu-Martinez Muge N 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Cleavage and polyadenylation of pre-mRNAs is a necessary step for gene expression and function. Majority of human genes exhibit multiple polyadenylation sites, which can be alternatively used to generate different mRNA isoforms from a single gene. Alternative polyadenylation (APA) of pre-mRNAs is important for the proteome and transcriptome landscape. APA is tightly regulated during development and contributes to tissue-specific gene regulation. Mis-regulation of APA is linked to a wide range of pathological conditions. APA-mediated gene regulation in the heart is emerging as a new area of research. Here, we will discuss the impact of APA on gene regulation during heart development and in cardiovascular diseases. First, we will briefly review how APA impacts gene regulation and discuss molecular mechanisms that control APA. Then, we will address APA regulation during heart development and its dysregulation in cardiovascular diseases. Finally, we will discuss pre-mRNA targeting strategies to correct aberrant APA patterns of essential genes for the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The RNA field is blooming due to advancements in RNA-based technologies. RNA-based vaccines and therapies are becoming the new line of effective and safe approaches for the treatment and prevention of human diseases. Overall, this review will be influential for understanding gene regulation at the RNA level via APA in the heart and will help design RNA-based tools for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the future.