bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
About definition of modes and magnetosonic heating in a plasma's flow: Especial cases of perpendicular and nearly perpendicular wave vector and magnetic field
Authors: Perelomova Anna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDynamics of hydrodynamic perturbations in a plasma depend strongly on an angle between the wave vector and equilibrium straight magnetic field. The case of perpendicular propagation is especial. There are only two (fast) magnetosonic modes since two (slow) ones degenerate into the stationary one with zero speed of propagation. This demands individual definition of wave modes by the links of hydrodynamic relations. These links are not limiting case of the relations in the case of non‐zero angle. The nonlinear excitation of the entropy mode in the field of intense magnetosonic perturbations is also unusual. Bulk and shear viscosity and thermal conduction are considered as the damping mechanisms in a weakly nonlinear flow. The leading‐order dynamic equation is derived which governs perturbation of density in the entropy mode. The links of magnetosonic perturbations and magnetosonic heating may be indicators of plasma‐, geometry of a flow, damping coefficients and type of wave motion. The “almost resonant” character of magnetosonic heating excited by the slow magnetosonic wave in the course of nearly perpendicular wave propagation, is discussed.
Making an Advance Research Directive: An Interview Study with Adults Aged 55 and Older with Interests in Dementia Research
Authors: Ries Nola M. , Johnston Briony 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTMany people with dementia are interested in taking part in research, including when they no longer have capacity to provide informed consent. Advance research directives (ARD) enable people to document their wishes about research participation prior to becoming decisionally incapacitated. However, there are few available ARD resources. This Australian interview study elicited the views of people aged 55 years and older about the content of an ARD form and guidance booklet and processes to support research planning. Participants (n = 25; 55 to 83 years) had interests in dementia research. All participants described the ARD materials as easy to understand, and all expressed willingness to take part in future research. Nearly half believed that an ARD should be legally enforceable, while others saw it as a nonbinding document to guide decisions about their participation in research. Close family members were preferred as proxy decision‐makers. The ARD form and guidance booklet may be adapted for use elsewhere.
Adapting camera‐trap placement based on animal behavior for rapid detection: A focus on the Endangered, white‐bellied pangolin (Phataginus tricuspis)
Authors: Simo Franklin T. , Difouo Ghislain F. , Kekeunou Sévilor , Ichu Ichu G. , Olson David , Deere Nicolas J. , Ingram Daniel J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPangolin species are notoriously difficult to detect and monitor in the wild and, as a result, commonly used survey techniques fall short in gathering sufficient data to draw confident conclusions on pangolin populations, conservation status, and natural history. The white‐bellied pangolin is a semiarboreal species that may be poorly detected in general mammal surveys even with modern techniques such as camera‐trapping. As a result, population status information is often derived from hunting, market, and trafficking data. There is therefore a crucial need to improve camera‐trap survey methods to reliably detect this species in its natural environment. Here, we test the influence of camera‐trap placement strategy on the detectability of the white‐bellied pangolin by comparing estimates from targeted ground‐viewing camera‐trapping and a novel log‐viewing placement strategy adapted from local hunters' knowledge. Our results suggest that (1) deploying camera‐traps to detect animals walking along logs is an effective strategy for recording several forest species, including the white‐bellied pangolin, and (2) that camera‐traps targeting logs are more efficient at detecting white‐bellied pangolins than camera‐traps viewing the ground (>100% increase in detection probability). We also found moderate evidence that there is a relationship between the white‐bellied pangolin occurrence at our locality and elevation and weak evidence of an association with distance to the nearest river. Our results suggest an effective new monitoring approach allowing consistent detection of the white‐bellied pangolin with moderate survey effort. This highlights the importance of harnessing local knowledge to guide the design of monitoring protocols for cryptic species.
Frailty alone and interactively with obesity predicts heart failure: Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study
Authors: Tajik Behnam , Voutilainen Ari , Sankaranarayanan Rajiv , Lyytinen Arja , Kauhanen Jussi , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Tuomainen Tomi‐Pekka , Isanejad Masoud 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsWe aim to evaluate the association of frailty and high body mass index with risk of incident heart failure.Methods and resultsFrom the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, 408 women and 369 men, aged 61–74 years were included in this study. Frailty was ascertained with the presence of 3–5 and prefrailty 1–2 of the following criteria: weight loss (highest 20% over 7 years), self‐reported tiredness, weakness (measured by handgrip strength), slow walking speed (walking pace), and low physical activity (lowest 20%). At the baseline, participants were allocated to frail (n = 36), prefrail (n = 340), and robust (n = 441). HF incidents were obtained by record linkages from the national hospitalization registry in Finland up to 31 December 2019. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression estimated the hazard ratio (HR) of incident events, adjusted for potential confounders. Two hundred one HF events were recorded (111 in women and 90 in men) during the 14.2 years follow‐up. After adjustment for the age and sex, the risk of HF events was higher among prefrail (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.79, P = 0.02) and frail (HR 3.39, 95% CI 1.89 to 4.79, P ≤ 0.001) compared with the robust group. After adjusting for multiple confounders result remained significant for HF indecent in prefrail [1.46 (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.95, P = 0.01] and frail (HR 3.33, 95% CI 1.86 to 5.70, P ≤ 0.001). In the sensitivity analysis, significant interaction between high BMI (≥25 kg/m2) and frailty was observed (P for interaction = 0.02). The association of frailty [multivariate‐adjusted HR: 2.88 (1.56 to 5.33), P ≤ 0.001)] and prefrailty [multivariate‐adjusted HR: 1.40 (1.08 to 1.91), P = 0.03)] with risk of HF indecent was more pronounced in those with high BMI.ConclusionsFrailty is highly common in older age, and our results indicated the high risk of HF incident in frail and prefrail groups. While frailty is clinically recognized by weight loss phenotype, our finding showed that frailly and high BMI can coexist and worsen the risk of HF incidence. Further research is warranted to substantiate these results in large studies and clinical settings.
A study on Amygdalin's genotoxicological safety and modulatory activity in human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro
Authors: Erikel Esra , Yuzbasioglu Deniz , Unal Fatma 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAmygdalin (AMY), a plant secondary metabolite containing nitrile, is a major component of the seeds of Rosaceae family plants. It is known that this compound has many pharmacological activities such as cancer prevention, antipyretic, and cough suppressant. In this study, the genotoxic and modulatory effects of amygdalin were assessed by chromosomal aberration (CA), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), and cytokinesis‐block micronucleus assay (CBMN) assays using human peripheral lymphocytes (HPLs) in the absence and presence of metabolic activator (S9 mix). Lymphocytes were exposed to various concentrations of amygdalin (0.86, 1.72, 3.43, 6.86, and 13.75 μg/mL) alone and in combination with mitomycin‐C (MMC, 0.20 μg/mL) or cyclophosphamide (CP, 12 μg/mL). The mitotic index (MI), replication index (RI), cytokinesis‐block proliferation index (CBPI), and cytostasis were also evaluated to determine cytotoxicity. Amygdalin alone did not exhibit genotoxic and cytotoxic effects at all the tested concentrations both in the absence and presence of the S9 mix. In contrast, amygdalin significantly reduced the frequencies of CA (especially at 48 h treatments), SCE, and MN (except 0.86 μg/mL in pre‐ and simultaneous treatment) induced by MMC in all the tested concentrations and treatment protocols. It has also considerably decreased CP‐induced CA and SCE frequencies at all the concentrations (except 0.86 μg/mL) in simultaneous treatment. This study demonstrated that amygdalin alone was not genotoxic, on the contrary, it has revealed modulatory effects against chemotherapy agents that induced genomic damage in human lymphocytes, suggesting its chemopreventive potential.
Electronic and electrocatalytic applications based on solution‐processed two‐dimensional platinum diselenide with thickness‐dependent electronic properties
Authors: Cho Yun Seong , Rhee Dongjoon , Lee Jihun , Jung Su Yeon , Eom Jeongha , Mazanek Vlastimil , Wu Bing , Kang Taeho , Baek Sungpyo , Choi Haeju , Sofer Zdeněk , Lee Sungjoo , Kang Joohoon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPlatinum diselenide (PtSe2) has shown great potential as a candidate two‐dimensional (2D) material for broadband photodetectors and electrocatalysts because of its unique properties compared to conventional 2D transition metal dichalcogenides. Synthesis of 2D PtSe2 with controlled layer number is critical for engineering the electronic behavior to be semiconducting or semimetallic for targeted applications. Electrochemical exfoliation has been investigated as a promising approach for mass‐producing in a cost‐effective manner, but obtaining high‐quality films with control over electronic properties remains difficult. Here, we demonstrate wafer‐scale 2D PtSe2 films with pre‐determined electronic types based on a facile solution‐based strategy. Semiconducting or semimetallic PtSe2 nanosheets with large lateral sizes are produced via electrochemically driven molecular intercalation, followed by centrifugation‐based thickness sorting. Finally, gate‐tunable broadband visible and near‐infrared photodetector arrays are realized based on semiconducting PtSe2 nanosheet films, while semimetallic films are used to create catalytic electrodes for overall water splitting with long‐term stability.image
Development of a bidirectional rocking isolation bearing system (Bi‐RIBS) to control excessive seismic response of bridge structures
Authors: He Xinhao , Unjoh Shigeki , Yamazaki Shinsuke , Noro Tadayuki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA bidirectional rocking isolation bearing system (Bi‐RIBS) is proposed to provide seismic protection for bridge structures. By using the 3‐D rocking motion of the Bi‐RIBS, this system acts as a mechanical fuse to limit the maximum force transmitted to the bridge piers and as a restoring component to control an excessive girder response. Possible applications in bridge structures were discussed. A simple analytical model was established to characterize the dynamics of an example bridge featuring such a Bi‐RIBS. A series of dynamic analyses were performed by using the proposed model to investigate the effects of several factors on controlling the seismic responses of the bridge, for example, the design parameters of Bi‐RIBS including inclined angle and size, the damping property at the support interface, and the mass ratio. The peak ground accelerations of the bidirectional ground motion record were scaled to various levels to evaluate the maximum performance indices of the bridge structure and the response control effectiveness of the Bi‐RIBS compared to the uncontrolled counterparts. The simulation results demonstrated that the proposed Bi‐RIBS could effectively control the maximum pier displacement while keeping the bearing from overturning if suitable parameters were selected. In particular, the control effectiveness on the maximum pier response becomes more significant as the seismic intensity increases, due to its distinctive negative stiffness property.
Ecological cosmopolitan citizenship
Authors: Bourban Michel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the ecological components and implications of cosmopolitan citizenship. Supporters of the model of cosmopolitan citizenship tend to take the natural environment as a background assumption. In contrast, this article argues that if they want to fulfill the demands of cosmopolitan justice, cosmopolitan citizens should also be ecological citizens. The first part highlights that cosmopolitan citizenship relies on two ecological claims: the environmental impacts claim and the environmental precondition claim. The second part addresses two tensions between cosmopolitan citizenship and ecological citizenship: the tension between economic development and environmental protection and the tension between resourcism and strong environmental sustainability. The third part explores two implications of the convergence between ecological citizenship and cosmopolitan citizenship: the interconnection of the public and the private spheres and the move from anthropocentrism to nonanthropocentrism. The objective is to link cosmopolitan theory with green political theory by taking a fresh look at cosmopolitan citizenship.
Continuation methods for lab experiments of nonlinear vibrations
Authors: Tatzko Sebastian , Kleyman Gleb , Wallaschek Jörg 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this work, we will give an overview of our recent progress in experimental continuation. First, three different approaches are explained and compared which can be found in scientific papers on the topic. We then show S‐Curve measurements of a Duffing oscillator experiment for which we derived optimal controller gains analytically. The derived formula for stabilizing PD‐controller gains makes trial and error search for suitable values unnecessary. Since feedback control introduces higher harmonics in the driving signal, we consider a harmonization of the forcing signal. This harmonization is important to reduce shaker‐structure interaction in the treatment of nonlinear frequency responses. Finally, the controlled nonlinear testing and harmonization is enhanced by a continuation algorithm adapted from numerical analysis and applied to a geometrically nonlinear beam test rig for which we measure the nonlinear forced response directly in the displacement‐frequency plane.
Utility of modified Glasgow prognostic score for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Luan Chih‐Wei , Kuo Liang‐Tseng , Wang Yun‐Ting , Liao Chun‐Ta , Kang Chung‐Jan , Lee Yi‐Chan , Chen Kuan‐Yin , Lai Chia‐Hsuan , Tsai Yuan‐Hsiung , Huang Ethan I. , Tsai Ming‐Shao , Hsu Cheng‐Ming , Chang Geng‐He , Tsai Yao‐Te 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhether the modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) is useful for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains controversial. An electronic database search on EMBASE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library from inception to 30 June 2022 was performed for study selection and data extraction. The associations between the mGPS and survival outcomes were evaluated using a random‐effects meta‐analysis and expressed as pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. We included 11 studies involving a total of 2017 patients with HNSCC. A higher mGPS was associated with poorer progression‐free survival (HR = 2.39, 95% CI 1.69–3.38), overall survival (HR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.94–2.98), disease‐specific survival (HR = 2.57, 95% CI 1.71–3.88), and disease‐free survival (HR = 2.67, 95% CI 1.51–4.73, all p ≤ 0.001) in HNSCC. The mGPS can function as a valid prognostic biomarker for patients diagnosed as having HNSCC.
Ultrasound‐guided puncture into newborn rat brain
Authors: Ma Rui‐Fang , Pao Ping‐Chieh , Zhang Kun , Liu Jin‐Xiang , Zhang Lin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSince the brain structure of neonatal rats was not fully formed during the first 4 days, it cannot be detected using ultrasound. The objective of this study was to investigate the use of ultrasound to guide puncture in the normal coronal brain structure and determine the puncture depth of the location of the cortex, hippocampus, lateral ventricle, and striatum of newborn rats of 5−15 days. The animal was placed in a prone position. The specific positions of the cortex, hippocampus, lateral ventricle, and striatum were measured under ultrasound. Then, the rats were punctured with a stereotaxic instrument, and dye was injected. Finally, the brains of rats were taken to make frozen sections to observe the puncture results. By ultrasound, the image of the cortex, hippocampus, lateral ventricle, and striatum of the rat can be obtained and the puncture depth of the cortex (8 days: 1.02 ± 0.12, 10 days: 1.02 ± 0.08, 13 days: 1.43 ± 0.05), hippocampus (8 days: 2.63 ± 0.07, 10 days: 2.77 ± 0.14, 13 days: 2.82 ± 0.09), lateral ventricle (8 days: 2.08 ± 0.04, 10 days: 2.26 ± 0.03, 13 days: 2.40 ± 0.06), and corpus striatum (8 days: 4.57 ± 0.09, 10 days: 4.94 ± 0.31, 13 days: 5.13 ± 0.10) can be accurately measured. The rat brain structure and puncture depth changed with the age of the rats. Ultrasound technology can not only clarify the brain structure characteristics of 5—15‐day‐old rats but also guide the puncture and injection of the rat brain structure. The results of this study laid the foundation for the future use of ultrasound in experimental animal models of neurological diseases.
Probing Intermediates of Ion/Molecule Reactions by their Independent Gas‐Phase Synthesis and Fragmentation – The Thiomethoxymethyl Complexes [(bipy)M(CH2SCH3)]+ (M=Pt, Pd, Ni)
Authors: Stebens Gilles , Butschke Burkhard 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the ion/molecule reaction (IMR) of “rollover”‐cyclometalated [(bipy−H)Pt]+ with (CH3)2S, the loss of C2H4 from the encounter complex was observed as the main process some years ago. The cationic complex [(bipy)Pt(CH2SCH3)]+ was identified as a crucial intermediate by DFT calculations. In order to prove its key role experimentally, the cation has now been generated independently and studied by collision‐induced dissociation (CID). The main process is C2H4 loss, which proves [(bipy)Pt(CH2SCH3)]+ to be an intermediate also in the IMR of [(bipy−H)Pt]+ with (CH3)2S. Based on DFT calculations, the thiomethoxymethyl complexes [(bipy)M(CH2SCH3)]+ (M=Pd and Ni) would also serve as intermediates in the IMRs of [(bipy−H)M]+. While these IMRs cannot be studied explicitly, because the parent ions cannot be generated, the potential intermediate [(bipy)M(CH2SCH3)]+ has been subjected to CID. The main fragmentation channels for both metals corresponds to C2H4 loss. The CID experiments thus provide insights into the hypothetical IMRs of [(bipy−H)M]+ with (CH3)2S. The comparison of the DFT calculations for all three metals Ni, Pd, and Pt with the experimental findings uncovers subtle aspects of the underlying reaction mechanisms. This work highlights the suitability of CID experiments of potential reaction intermediates for the elucidation of reaction mechanisms of IMRs as well as the limitations of this approach.
From Immunogenic Peptides to Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
Authors: Dyson H. Jane , Wright Peter E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt is hard to evaluate the role of individual mentors in the genesis of important ideas. In the case of our realization that proteins do not have to be stably folded to be functional, the influence of Richard Lerner and our collaborative work in the 1980s on the conformations of immunogenic peptides provided a base level of thinking about the nature of polypeptides in water solutions that led us to formulate and develop our ideas on the importance of intrinsic disorder in proteins. This review describes how the insights gained into the behavior of peptides led directly to the realization that proteins were not only capable of being functional while disordered, but also that disorder provided a distinct functional advantage in many important cellular processes.
Retinal image preprocessing techniques: Acquisition and cleaning perspective
Authors: Pandey Anuj Kumar , Singh Satya Prakash , Chakraborty Chinmay 
Published: May 2023

AbstractImage preprocessing is a method to transform raw image data into clean image data. The objective of preprocessing is to improve the image data by suppressing undesired distortions. Enhancement of some image features which are relevant for further processing of image and analysis task is also done in preprocessing. Screening and diagnosis of various eye diseases like diabetic retinopathy, Choroidal Neovascularization(CNV), DRUSEN, etc. are possible using digital retinal images. This paper aims to provide a better understanding and knowledge of the computer algorithms used for retinal image preprocessing. In this paper, various image preprocessing techniques are incorporated such as color correction, color space selection, noise reduction, and contrast enhancement on retinal images. Retinal blood vessels are better seen in Green color space instead of Red or Blue color space. Noise reduction through Block matching and 3D(BM3D) techniques show a significant result as compared to Total Variation Filter (TVF) and Bilateral Filter (BLF). Contrast enhancement through Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) outperforms Global Equalization (GE) or Adaptive Histogram Equalization (AHE). Evaluation parameters such as Mean square error, Peak Signal Noise ratio, Structured similarity index measures, and Normalized root mean square error values for BM3D noise filtering are 0.0029, 25.3370, 0.6839 and 0.0998 respectively which shows that BM3D outperforms the others.
Breaks and productivity: An exploratory analysis
Authors: Nastasi Jessica A. , Tassistro Isabella B. , Gravina Nicole E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Fair Labor Standards Act suggests that short rest periods of 5–20 min may improve employee productivity, but there is limited experimental research on the topic. The current study compared productivity when breaks were not required (i.e., control session) compared with when breaks were programmed by the experimenter (i.e., experimental session). Sixteen undergraduate students completed two 2‐hr sessions of a simulated check‐processing task. Half of the participants were randomly assigned to receive the experimental session (5‐min breaks every 20 min) first with the control session second, and the other half received the control first and the experimental session second. The results showed that 75% of participants completed more checks during the experimental session than during the control session and the difference was statistically significant. Most participants took more unprogrammed break time during control sessions compared with experimental sessions. Implications for future research and the value of work breaks are discussed.