bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serosurvey of SARS-COV-2 at a large public university
Authors: Hou Ching-Wen , Williams Stacy , Taylor Kylee , Boyle Veronica , Bobbett Bradley , Kouvetakis Joseph , Nguyen Keana , McDonald Aaron , Harris Valerie , Nussle Benjamin , Scharf Phillip , Jehn Megan , Lant Timothy , Magee Mitch , Chung Yunro , Labaer Joshua , Murugan Vel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractArizona State University (ASU) is one the largest universities in the United States, with more than 79,000 students attending in-person classes. We conducted a seroprevalence study from September 13-17, 2021 to estimate the number of people in our community with SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies due to previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and/or vaccination. Participants provided their age, gender, race, status (student or employee), and general COVID-19 health-related information like previous exposure and vaccination status. The seroprevalence of the anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody was 90% by a lateral flow assay and 88% by a semi-quantitative chemiluminescent immunoassay. The seroprevalence for anti-nucleocapsid (NC) was 20%. In addition, individuals with previous natural COVID infection plus vaccination had higher anti-RBD antibody levels compared to those who had vaccination only or infection only. Individuals who had a breakthrough infection had the highest anti-RBD antibody levels.Accurate estimates of the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection can inform the development of university risk mitigation protocols such as encouraging booster shots, extending mask mandates, or reverting to online classes. It could help us to have clear guidance to take action at the first sign of the next surge as well, especially since there is a surge of COVID subvariant infections.
Time series analysis of routine immunisation coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021 shows continued global decline and increases in Zero Dose children
Authors: Evans Beth , Keiser Olivia , Kaiser Laurent , Jombart Thibaut 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhilst it is now widely recognised that routine immunisation (RI) was disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 compared to previous immunisation performance, the extent of continued interruptions in 2021 and/or rebounds to previous trends remains unclear, with sporadic surveys reporting signs of immunisation system recovery at the end of 2020.We modelled country-specific RI trends using validated estimates of national coverage from the World Health Organisation and United Nation Children’s Fund for over 160 countries, to project expected diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis-containing vaccine first-dose (DTP1), third-dose (DTP3) and measles-containing vaccine first-dose (MCV1) coverage for 2021 based on pre-pandemic trends (from 2000-2019).We estimated a 3·6% (95%CI: [2·6%; 4·6%]) decline in global DTP3 coverage in 2021 compared to 2000-2019 trends, from an expected 90·1% to a reported 86·5% across 164 reporting countries, and similar results for DTP1 (2·8% decline; 95%CI: [2·0%; 3·6%]), and for MCV1 (3·8% decline; 95%CI: [4·8%; 2·7%]). 86·5% global coverage in 2021 represents a further decrease from that reported in 2020 and 2019, and translates to a 16-year setback in RI coverage, i.e., 2005 levels. Hypothesised and early signals of rebounds to pre-pandemic coverage were not seen in most countries. The Americas, Africa, and Asia were the most impacted regions, with low- and middle-income countries the most affected income groups.The number of Zero Dose children also continued to increase in 2021. DTP1 coverage declined worldwide from an expected 93·7% to a reported 90·9% (2·8% decline; 95%CI: [2·0%; 3·6%]) which translates into an additional 3.4 million Zero Dose children on top of an expected 11.0 million (30.9% increase) at the global level.We hope this work will provide an objective baseline to inform future interventions and prioritisation aiming to facilitate rebounds in coverage to previous levels and catch-up of growing populations of under- and un-immunised children.
The Health Condition Timeline as a Model for Pregnancy Disease Management
Authors: McLachlan Scott , Daley Bridget J , Dube Kudakwashe , Kyrimi Evangelia , Neil Martin , Fenton Norman E 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProcess flow diagrams like caremaps are common in clinical practice guidelines and treatment texts. However, their context is often limited to a single diagnostic or treatment event. While a method has been proposed for creating a health and disease lifecycle called thehealth condition timeline(HCT), that method is yet to be demonstrated for an entire health condition. This paper investigates development of an HCT forgestational diabetes mellitus(GDM), and whether the HCT and caremaps it incorporates can be used to support patient care to develop decision support tools. We show that this approach can be used to expedite development of clinical decision-support and clinician- and patient-facing applications. Caremaps, HCT and the decision support tools created with them could improve patient awareness for their condition and reduce the impact of their disease on themselves and the limited resources of our healthcare systems.
A step-by-step Researcher’s Guide to the use of an AI-based transformer in epidemiology: an exploratory analysis of ChatGPT using the STROBE checklist for observational studies
Authors: Sanmarchi Francesco , Bucci Andrea , Golinelli Davide 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims at investigating how early-stage AI-based transformers can support researchers in designing and conducting an epidemiological study. To accomplish this, we used ChatGPT to reformulate the STROBE recommendations into a list of questions to be answered by the transformer itself. We then qualitatively evaluated the coherence and relevance of the transformer’s outputs.Study designDescriptive study.MethodsWe first chose a study to be used as a basis for the simulation. We then used ChatGPT to transform each STROBE checklist’s item into specific prompts. Each answer to the respective prompt was evaluated by independent researchers in terms of coherence and relevance.ResultsThe mean scores assigned to each prompt were heterogeneous. On average, for the coherence domain, the overall mean score was 3.6 out of 5.0, and for relevance it was 3.3 out of 5.0. The lowest scores were assigned to items belonging to the Methods section of the checklist.ConclusionsChatGPT can be considered as a valuable support for researchers in conducting an epidemiological study, following internationally recognized guidelines and standards. It is crucial for the users to have knowledge on the subject and a critical mindset when evaluating the outputs. The potential benefits of AI in scientific research and publishing are undeniable, but it is crucial to address the risks, and the ethical and legal consequences associated with its use.
A FinnGen pilot clinical recall study for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Julkunen Valtteri , Schwarz Claudia , Kalapudas Juho , Hallikainen Merja , Piironen Aino-Kaisa , Mannermaa Arto , Kujala Hanna , Laitinen Timo , Kosma Veli-Matti , Paajanen Teemu I. , Kälviäinen Reetta , Hiltunen Mikko , Herukka Sanna-Kaisa , Kärkkäinen Sari , Kokkola Tarja , Urjansson Mia , Gen Finn , Perola Markus , Palotie Aarno , Vuoksimaa Eero , Runz Heiko 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundSuccessful development of novel therapies requires that clinical trials are conducted in patient cohorts with the highest benefit-to-risk ratio. Population-based biobanks with comprehensive health and genetic data from large numbers of individuals hold promise to facilitate identification of trial participants, particularly when interventions need to start while symptoms are still mild, such as for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, few studies have yet tested whether recalling biobank participants into clinical follow-up studies is feasible.ObjectiveTo establish a process for clinical recall studies from FinnGen and demonstrate the feasibility to systematically ascertain customized clinical data from FinnGen participants with ICD10 diagnosis of AD or mild cognitive disorder (MCD).MethodsSingle-center cross-sectional study testing blood-based biomarkers and cognitive functioning in-person, computer-based and remote.Results19% (27/140) of a pre-specified FinnGen subcohort were successfully recalled and completed the study. Hospital records largely validated registry entries. For 8/12 MCD patients, other reasons than AD were identified as underlying diagnosis. Cognitive measures correlated across platforms, with highest consistencies for dementia screening (r=0.818) and semantic fluency (r=0.764), respectively, for in-person versus telephone-administered tests. GFAP (p<0.002) and pTau-181 (p<0.020) most reliably differentiated AD from MCD participants.ConclusionsInformative, customized clinical recall studies from FinnGen are feasible.
Machine-learning-aided multiplexed nanobiosensor for COVID-19 population immunity profiling
Authors: Beisenova Aidana , Adi Wihan , Bashar S. Janna , Velmurugan Monniiesh , Germanson Kenzie B. , Shelef Miriam A. , Yesilkoy Filiz 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSerological population surveillance can elucidate immunity landscapes against SARS-CoV-2 variants and are critical in monitoring infectious disease spread, evolution, and outbreak risks. However, current serological tests fall short of capturing complex humoral immune responses from different communities. Here, we report a machine-learning (ML)-aided nanobiosensor that can simultaneously quantify antibodies against the ancestral strain and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 with epitope resolution. Our approach is based on a multiplexed, rapid, and label-free nanoplasmonic biosensor, which can detect past infection and vaccination status and is sensitive to SARS-CoV-2 variants. After training an ML model with antigen-specific antibody datasets from four COVID-19 immunity groups (naïve, convalescent, vaccinated, and convalescent-vaccinated), we tested our approach on 100 blind blood samples collected in Dane County, WI. Our results are consistent with public epidemiological data, demonstrating that our user-friendly and field-deployable nanobiosensor can capture community-representative public health trends and help manage COVID-19 and future outbreaks.
MS4A4A modifies the risk of Alzheimer disease by regulating lipid metabolism and immune response in a unique microglia state
Authors: You Shih-Feng , Brase Logan , Filipello Fabia , Iyer Abhirami K. , Del-Aguila Jorge , He June , D’Oliveira Albanus Ricardo , Budde John , Norton Joanne , Gentsch Jen , Dräger Nina M. , Sattler Sydney M. , Kampmann Martin , Piccio Laura , Morris John C. , Perrin Richard J. , McDade Eric ,   Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network, Paul Steven M. , Cashikar Anil G. , Benitez Bruno A. , Harari Oscar , Karch Celeste M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many modifiers of Alzheimer disease (AD) risk enriched in microglia. Two of these modifiers are common variants in theMS4Alocus (rs1582763: protective and rs6591561: risk) and serve as major regulators of CSF sTREM2 levels. To understand their functional impact on AD, we used single nucleus transcriptomics to profile brains from carriers of these variants. We discovered a “chemokine” microglial subpopulation that is altered inMS4Avariant carriers and for whichMS4A4Ais the major regulator. The protective variant increasesMS4A4Aexpression and shifts the chemokine microglia subpopulation to an interferon state, while the risk variant suppressesMS4A4Aexpression and reduces this subpopulation of microglia. Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the AD variants in theMS4Alocus. Further, they pave the way for future mechanistic studies of AD variants and potential therapeutic strategies for enhancing microglia resilience in AD pathogenesis.
Age-specific case data reveal varying dengue transmission intensity in US states and territories
Authors: Kada Sarah , Paz-Bailey Gabriela , Adams Laura , Johansson Michael A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDengue viruses (DENV) are endemic in the US territories of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, and the US Virgin Islands, with focal outbreaks also reported in the states of Florida and Hawaii. However, little is known about the intensity of dengue virus transmission over time and how dengue viruses have shaped the level of immunity in these populations, despite the importance of understanding how and why levels of immunity against dengue may change over time. These changes need to be considered when responding to future outbreaks and enacting dengue management strategies, such as guiding vaccine deployment. We used catalytic models fitted to case surveillance data stratified by age from the ArboNET national arboviral surveillance system to reconstruct the history of recent dengue virus transmission in Puerto Rico, American Samoa, US Virgin Islands, Florida, Hawaii, and Guam. We estimated average annual transmission intensity (i.e., force of infection) of DENV between 2010 and 2019 and the level of seroprevalence by age group in each population. We compared models and found that treating all reported cases as secondary infections generally fit the surveillance data better than models considering cases as primary infections. Using the secondary case model, we found that force of infection was highly heterogeneous between jurisdictions and over time within jurisdictions, ranging from 0.00003 (95% CI: 0.00002–0.0004) in Florida to 0.08 (95% CI: 0.044–0.14) in American Samoa during the 2010–2019 period. For early 2020, we estimated that seropositivity in 10 year-olds ranged from 0.09% (0.02%–0.54%) in Florida to 56.3% (43.7%–69.3%) in American Samoa. In the absence of serological data, age-specific case notification data collected through routine surveillance combined with mathematical modeling are powerful tools to monitor arbovirus circulation, estimate the level of population immunity, and design dengue management strategies.Author SummaryViruses transmitted byAedesmosquitoes are a substantial public health burden globally. In the US, the increasing number of outbreaks in recent decades and the co-circulation of the four dengue viruses present a risk of experiencing sequential infections, which can result in more severe disease. However, reported cases only represent a proportion of all infections, so the intensity of dengue circulation in US jurisdictions and the level of population immunity are largely unknown. Combining dengue surveillance data stratified by age with mathematical models enables direct estimation of transmission intensity and previous exposure. We found that dengue virus transmission intensity was highest in American Samoa and Puerto Rico. The US Virgin Islands also showed patterns of endemic transmission, while Hawaii and Guam present more sporadic outbreak profiles. These estimates can help improve risk assessment in these locations and guide interventions to the populations who most need them.
The bidirectional relationship between brain structure and physical activity: a cohort study in the UK Biobank
Authors: Rodriguez-Ayllon M. , Vernooij Meike W. , Muetzel Ryan , Neumann Alexander , Hofman Amy , Neitzel Julia 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTPhysical activity has been suggested to project again brain atrophy, but also to be a determinant of physical activity in older adults. However, research is needed to confirm this bidirectional relationship. Therefore, this research aimed to study the bidirectional relationship between physical activity and brain structure in older adults from the UK Biobank. A total of 3,027 (62.45 ± 7.27 years old, 51.3% females) had physical activity and MRI data at baseline and follow-up. Physical activity was assessed through a self-reported questionnaire. T1-weighted MRI and diffusion tensor imaging were used to quantify brain volumes and white matter microstructure, respectively. Cross-lagged panel models were performed to estimate bidirectional associations, and linear mixed-effects models (LMM) to investigate the consistency of findings. Overall, our main findings suggest that higher hippocampal volume (Standardized Beta Coefficient (β)=0.075, pFDR<0.001), frontal volume (β=0.043, pFDR=0.037), and global fractional anisotropy (β=0.042, pFDR=0.028) were associated with more do-it-yourself (DIY) activities (e.g., watering the lawn or digging) levels at follow-up. In addition, strenuous sports at baseline were positively associated with hippocampal volume over time (β=0.011, pFDR=0.108). Although this association did not survive/was not significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons, was confirmed by the LMM. In contrast, higher levels of walking for pleasure were negatively associated with white matter volume at follow-up (β= −0.026, pFDR=0.008). In conclusion, there is a bidirectional association between physical activity and brain structure in healthy middle-aged and older adults. However, further research is needed to understand why physical activity subdomains are associated differently with brain structures and features during aging.
Olfactory Dysfunction in the COVID-19 Era: An Umbrella Review Focused on Neuroimaging, Management, and Follow-up
Authors: Kalantarhormozi Mohammadreza , Sotoudeh Houman , Habibi Mohammad Amin , Mahmudpour Mehdi , Shahidi Ramin , Khalaj Fattaneh , Karami Shaghayegh , Asgarzadeh Ali , Baradaran Mansoureh , Chichagi Fatemeh , Hassanzadeh Sara , Farizani Gohari Narjes Sadat , Sattari Mahsa Shirforoush , Azimi Amir , Dadjou Ali , Eskandari Mahsan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is surrounded the world and is associated with multiorgan damage. Olfactory dysfunction is a common manifestation in COVID-19 patients, and in some cases, presents before the coryza signs. We conducted this umbrella review to provide a practical guide on managing, imaging findings, and follow-up of COVID-19 patients with olfactory dysfunction (OD).MethodsA comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from December 2019 until the end of July 2022. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses addressing management and imaging findings of the olfactory manifestations of COVID-19 were included in the study. The quality assessment of included articles was carried out using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews-2 (AMSTAR-2) tool.ResultsA total of 23 systematic reviews were reviewed in this umbrella review. The number of included studies varied between 2 to 155 articles. Several demographic variables were not adequately reported across all the included systematic reviews, including age, gender, preexisting comorbidities, or whether participants had been hospitalized or admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to COVIDLJ19.ConclusionIt seems that the coronavirus can infect olfactory system structures that play roles in the transmission and interpretation of smell sense. Based on studies, a large proportion of patients experienced OD following COVID-19 infection, and the majority of OD was resolved spontaneously. The possibility of long-lasting OD was higher in young adults with moderate clinical manifestation. Olfactory training (OT) was the most effective therapy. Intranasal corticosteroids (ICS) are also recommended.
Pricing Treatments Cost-Effectively When They Have Multiple Indications: Not Just a Simple Threshold Analysis
Authors: Goldhaber-Fiebert Jeremy D. , Cipriano Lauren E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundEconomic evaluations of treatments increasingly employ price-threshold analyses. When a treatment has multiple indications, standard price-threshold analyses can be overly simplistic. We examine how rules governing indication-specific prices and reimbursement decisions impact value-based price analyses.MethodsWe analyze a two-stage game between two players: the therapy’s manufacturer and payer purchasing it for patients. First, the manufacturer selects a price(s) that may be indication-specific. Then, the payer decides whether to provide reimbursement at the offered price(s). We assume known indication-specific demand. The manufacturer seeks to maximize profit, requiring non-negative profit. The payer seeks to maximize total population incremental net monetary benefit and will not pay more than their willingness-to-pay threshold. We consider game variants defined by constraints on the manufacturer’s ability to price and payer’s ability to provide reimbursement differentially by indication.ResultsWhen the manufacturer and payer can both make indication-specific decisions, the problem simplifies to single-indication price-threshold analyses, and the manufacturer captures all the consumer surplus. When the manufacturer is restricted to one price and the payer must make an all-or-nothing reimbursement decision, the selected price is a weighted average of indication-specific threshold prices such that reimbursement of the more valuable indications subsidize reimbursement of the less valuable indications. With a single price and indication-specific coverage decisions, the manufacturer may select a high price and fewer patients receive treatment than in the first-best solution. However, there are also cases when the manufacturer selects a low price resulting in reimbursement for all indications and positive consumer surplus.ConclusionsWhen multiple indications exist for a given treatment, economic evaluations including price-threshold analyses should carefully consider jurisdiction-specific rules regarding pricing and reimbursement decisions.
Toxic metal uptake by oyster mushrooms grown in sugarcane bagasse
Authors: Saha Tirthankar , Das Sagnik , Sau Snigdha , Datta Debarpita , Kundu Sourima , Saha Subham , Chakraborty Shreya , Mitra Arup Kumar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFungiculture or Mushroom Cultivation is rapidly expanding throughout the world. It is further catalyzed by its high nutritional value and increased market demand. Additionally, the method of cultivation does not require much space and the per unit production is very high compared to other crops. Bagasse is the byproduct left after extracting the juice from sugarcane. It has been speculated that bagasse can be an excellent substrate due to its high carbohydrate and mineral content (Hoa et al., 2015). In the experiment spawns of Oyster Mushroom were inoculated in bagasse collected from industries. Remarkable growth of mushrooms in short period of time was observed. However, the metal toxicity being our primary concern in this experiment, AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) Test was used to detect the heavy metal ion concentrations in both the bagasse and the fruiting bodies of mushrooms. The concentrations of metals calculated are as follows, in bagasse (mg/kg): Cadmium - 0.015, Arsenic - 8.56, Copper-12.47, Chromium-9.17, Mercury - less than 0.01, and in mushroom (mg/kg): Cd - 0.022, As - 10.12, Cu - 14.29, Cr - 7.59, Hg - less than 0.01. These results indicated biomagnification of metal ion concentration in the mushrooms up taken from bagasse. These metals, in such high concentrations are lethal and causes many diseases in humans and other animals. Hence, from this experiment it can be deduced, that though bagasse is an excellent substrate for mushroom cultivation, the toxicity of metal ions present in it in such high concentrations overshadow the earlier benefits of bagasse as a good substrate. However, it has been proposed that if such metals are removed or their concentrations are lowered then the earlier mentioned benefits of bagasse are restored.