bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CUSUM learning curves: what they can and can’t tell us
Authors: Lin Peng-Lin , Zheng Feibi , Shin Minkyung , Liu Xi , Oh Daniel , D’Attilio Daniel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction
There has been increased interest in assessing the surgeon learning curve for new skill acquisition. While there is no consensus around the best methodology, one of the most frequently used learning curve assessments in the surgical literature is the cumulative sum curve (CUSUM) of operative time. To demonstrate the limitations of this methodology, we assessed the CUSUM of console time across cohorts of surgeons with differing case acquisition rates while varying the total number of cases used to calculate the CUSUM.

Methods
We compared the CUSUM curves of the average console times of surgeons who completed their first 20 robotic-assisted (RAS) cases in 13, 26, 39, and 52 weeks, respectively, for their first 50 and 100 cases, respectively. This analysis was performed for prostatectomy (1094 surgeons), malignant hysterectomy (737 surgeons), and inguinal hernia (1486 surgeons).

Results
In all procedures, the CUSUM curve of the cohort of surgeons who completed their first 20 procedures in 13 weeks demonstrated a lower slope than cohorts of surgeons with slower case acquisition rates. The case number at which the peak of the CUSUM curve occurs uniformly increases when the total number of cases used in generation of the CUSUM chart changes from 50 to 100 cases.

Conclusion
The CUSUM analyses of these three procedures suggests that surgeons with fast initial case acquisition rates have less variability in their operative times over the course of their learning curve. The peak of the CUSUM curve, which is often used in surgical learning curve literature to denote “proficiency” is predictably influenced by the total number of procedures evaluated, suggesting that defining the peak as the point at which a surgeon has overcome the learning curve is subject to routine bias. The CUSUM peak, by itself, is an insufficient measure of “conquering the learning curve.”
A critical review of the material properties guiding the clinician’s choice of root canal sealers
Authors: Cardinali F. , Camilleri J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The introduction of hydraulic cement sealers has increased the popularity of single cone obturation where the chemistry and properties of hydraulic cement sealers are crucial. This article has investigated the materials present on the market by reviewing the chemistry aiming at understanding whether these materials are optimized or have been tested appropriately.

Methodology
A market search on materials called bioceramic and hydraulic sealers was undertaken. The safety data sheet and manufacturer details for every material were searched and the components were checked. The literature was searched for information about the properties of these materials based on their composition.

Results
The safety data sheets and manufacturer details were imprecise with some manufacturers providing little detail on composition. From the publications reviewed, it is apparent that the materials used clinically are not optimized, and there is little evidence that the material chemistry and presentation aid the clinical technique in any way.

Conclusions
There has been a rapid increase in materials identifying as bioceramics on the market. These materials have diverse chemistries, and some of the constituents are not declared. This may affect the clinical performance of these materials.

Clinical significance
Smart materials developed on the clinical need which are appropriately tested are necessary for a paradigm shift in root canal obturation. It is important to use reputable materials that have been adequately researched in clinical practice.
Choline chloride-acetic acid mixture as a medium for the investigation of the electrochemical processes
Authors: Połomski Damian , Chotkowski Maciej 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhysicochemical properties of a liquid mixture containing choline chloride (ChCl) and acetic acid (AA) with a molar ratio of 1:2 were analyzed to determine its suitability for electrochemical studies. Viscosity, ionic conductivity, and density values as well as the width of the electrochemical window of the ChCl:AA mixture show that this liquid can be used as a supporting electrolyte in electrochemical studies. This was confirmed by the results of electrochemical studies on a model red-ox system of o-tolidine. Additional electrochemical tests revealed the dissolution of solid Pt in ChCl:FA. The ChCl:AA solution was also used as a background electrolyte in preliminary studies on the electrochemical reduction of pertechnetates. Cyclic voltammetry and UV-Vis spectroscopy experiments reveal a multi-path process which leads to the formation of Tc(IV or III) ionic species.
Potentiometry, chemical equilibria, and flow injection analysis—three important topics taught with one experimental setup
Authors: Kahlert Heike , Meyer Gabriele , Albrecht Anja 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn general, concepts such as chemical equilibria and classical analytical chemistry, as well as instrumental methods such as potentiometry and flow injection analysis (FIA), are taught separately in the curricula of chemistry-related degree programs. However, FIA provides an opportunity to connect all of these important topics. This article shows how simple experiments can be used to link the fundamentals of FIA and potentiometry to the fundamentals of chemical equilibria and teach them in a sustainable way. The experiments were designed for undergraduate environmental science students with basic knowledge of chemical equilibria and classical analytical chemistry and minimal knowledge of electrochemistry. However, they can also be integrated into various courses on instrumental analysis in chemistry-related degree programs.
Environmental impact of process constrained topology optimization design on automotive component’ life
Authors: Borda Francesco , La Rosa Angela Daniela , Filice Luigino , Gagliardi Francesco 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe components’ lightweighting has been pursued, especially in the transport industry, for greenhouse gas reduction. Topology optimization, being able to allocate the material within a provided design space, is a mathematical method that can support the design of lightweight components, preserving, at the same time, their mechanical performances. In this paper, a standard shape of a component, specifically an automotive bracket, was topology optimized by estimating the impacts of the new designs from an eco-friendly point of view. A subtractive, an additive and a casting manufacturing process were considered as possible manufacturing routes achieving an optimized geometry of the component for each of them. The topology optimizations were performed considering each processes’ peculiarities, introduced as constraints. Same strength for a given set of loads and boundary conditions was the target of each analysis. The component’s lightening can be considered environmentally friendly just after assessing the impacts associated with all the stages of the product’ life cycle. Indeed, each phase of the product’ life cycle can be affected, differently, by the performed topology optimization taking into account the peculiarities of the employed manufacturing process. The overall considerations on the most environmentally safe strategies can, therefore, change according to the specificities of the optimized shapes. The topology optimization showed its utmost potentiality, from a sustainable point of view, if applied to additive manufacturing techniques for the advantages arisen by the capability to manufacture complex shapes benefiting also of reduction time process owing to less material to be deposited.
Inferring the territoriality of Upper Palaeolithic hunter-gatherer’s groups settled at Cueva del Gato 2 (Épila, Zaragoza)
Authors: Sánchez de la Torre Marta , Jiménez Ruiz Luis , Gratuze Bernard , Duarte Elsa , Blasco María Fernanda , Rodanés José María 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, the development of different analytical procedures applied to the study of archaeological lithic remains has allowed us to approach the territoriality of past societies. The application of geochemical tools has improved the study of lithic raw materials, allowing direct connections between archaeological samples and specific geological formations. In a similar way, the incorporation of GIS tools to the study of past mobility and territoriality has allowed to define which could have been the most probable routes used by past groups to stock up on rocks. In this paper, we present the results obtained after the geochemical study by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) of lithic cherts found at Upper Palaeolithic human occupations at Cueva del Gato 2 (Épila, Zaragoza, Spain) as well as the least cost path routes obtained after GIS analyses. The Cueva del Gato 2 archaeological site is a large cave placed in the first foothills of the Iberian System, close to the Middle Ebro Basin, in Eastern Iberia. The archaeological work has revealed a long sequence of occupation with archaeological levels from the Bronze Age, the Ancient Neolithic and the Upper Palaeolithic. In this paper, we have focused on the study of level II, which has been dated in the range 21,000–23,000 cal BP. Results have demonstrated that past human groups from the Last Glacial Maximum knew and frequented the Sierra de Lanaja – Montes de Castejón lacustrine chert sources, outcropping in the Middle Ebro Basin.
A new insight into the evolution of the Qatar Arch to recognize faults and a new gas field
Authors: Daneshvar Mohammad Reza Mansouri , Mansouri-Daneshvar Parviz , Moussavi-Harami Reza , Gharaie Mohamad Hosein Mahmudy , Mahboubi Asadollah , Khanehbad Mohammad , Feizie Amir , Ebrahimi Majid , Sadeghi Ali 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDespite the previous interpretations of the evolutionary scenarios of the Qatar Arch, the present study aimed to present a new complementary scenario to lay out the probable effects of another basement fault, corresponding to the physical shape of the Arch. A remote sensing study was carried out based on geological and geophysical data interpretations, obtained from some national and international databases, including GIS-based global geology data of Harvard University, the free-air gravity anomaly data from the World Gravity Map (WGM), and the airborne geophysical project of the National Geosciences Database of Iran (NGDIR). Results revealed that offshore extrapolation of the Trans Arabian-Bostaneh Fault (TABF) lineament through the morphological boundary of Hauterivian–Barremian (HB) formations and the offshore extrapolation of the Kazerun fault could produce a new complementary model for the Qatar Arch evolution. Based on the particular shape of the Arch (i.e., narrowing and uplifting to the south influenced by the Kazerun basement fault and the rotation of TABF), we can propose that these faults crossed each other after the Barremian age, created a particular shape of the Qatar Arch, and influenced beneath the Fars hinterland. The obtained geophysical gravity data also showed a good match between structural units and faults with maximum values corresponding to the Qatar Arch and minimum values relating to the thick sediment field in the Fars region. In conclusion, the present study contributes to a new proposition about exploring the possible faults and a new gas field situated in the interior territory of Iran. All of these interpretations will provide a new insight to improve the extant knowledge in the geology and petroleum evolution of the study area, such as the Plate tectonic events and the creation of possible reservoirs in future.
Practical implications of tumor proximity to landmark vessels in minimally invasive radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy
Authors: Kauffmann Emanuele Federico , Napoli Niccolò , Di Dato Armando , Salamone Alice , Ginesini Michael , Gianfaldoni Cesare , Viti Virginia , Amorese Gabriella , Cappelli Carla , Vistoli Fabio , Boggi Ugo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCareful preoperative planning is key in minimally invasive radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (MI-RAMPS). This retrospective study aims to show the practical implications of computed tomography distance between the right margin of the tumor and either the left margin of the spleno-mesenteric confluence (d-SMC) or the gastroduodenal artery (d-GDA). Between January 2011 and June 2022, 48 minimally invasive RAMPS were performed for either pancreatic cancer or malignant intraductal mucinous papillary neoplasms. Two procedures were converted to open surgery (4.3%). Mean tumor size was 31.1 ± 14.7 mm. Mean d-SMC was 21.5 ± 18.5 mm. Mean d-GDA was 41.2 ± 23.2 mm. A vein resection was performed in 10 patients (20.8%) and the pancreatic neck could not be divided by an endoscopic stapler in 19 operations (43.1%). In patients requiring a vein resection, mean d-SMC was 10 mm (1.5–15.5) compared to 18 mm (10–37) in those without vein resection (p = 0.01). The cut-off of d-SMC to perform a vein resection was 17 mm (AUC 0.75). Mean d-GDA was 26 mm (19–39) mm when an endoscopic stapler could not be used to divide the pancreas, and 46 mm (30–65) when the neck of the pancreas was stapled (p = 0.01). The cut-off of d-GDA to safely pass an endoscopic stapler behind the neck of the pancreas was 43 mm (AUC 0.75). Computed tomography d-SMC and d-GDA are key measurements when planning for MI-RAMPS.
High-speed laser cladding of chromium carbide reinforced Ni-based coatings
Authors: Tuominen Jari , Kiviö Jouko , Balusson Clara , Raami Lassi , Vihinen Jorma , Peura Pasi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFusion-bonded and low-diluted overlay welded coatings are frequently very thick (>1mm). High-speed laser cladding is a novel process capable of producing thin fusion-bonded and low-diluted coatings with high coverage rates and low heat input. In this study, for the first time, high-speed laser cladding was used to fabricate relatively thin Ni-based coatings reinforced with chromium carbides onto low-alloy structural and quenched and tempered steels. Obtained coatings were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical (OM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Mechanical and wear properties were tested with Vickers microhardness measurements and three-body dry-sand rubber wheel abrasion tests (RWAT). It was shown that high-speed laser cladding produces 0.2–0.3-mm-thick coatings, which consist of ultrafine-substructured hypereutectic M7C3 structures reinforced with coarser primary Cr3C2 particles. Coatings with hardness up to 1300 HV0.05 exhibited high wear resistance in low-stress three-body abrasion. Coatings developed can be used as alternatives for hard-chrome plated coatings.
Heterogeneity in regional changes in body composition induced by androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer patients: potential impact on bone health—the BLADE study
Authors: Dalla Volta A. , Palumbo C. , Zamboni S. , Mazziotti G. , Triggiani L. , Zamparini M. , Maffezzoni F. , Rinaudo L. , Bergamini M. , Di Meo N. , Caramella I. , Valcamonico F. , Borghetti P. , Guerini A. , Farina D. , Antonelli A. , Simeone C. , Berruti A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
It is not clear whether changes in body composition induced by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in prostate cancer (PC) patients are uniform or vary in the different body districts and whether regional lean body mass (LBM) and fat body mass (FBM) could have an impact on bone health.

Objective
To prospectively evaluate the regional changes in LBM and FBM in PC patients submitted to degarelix; to explore the relationship of regional body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers.

Design, setting, and participants
29 consecutive non metastatic PC patients enrolled from 2017 to 2019. FBM, LBM and bone mineral density (BMD) evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline and after 12-month of ADT. Alkaline phosphate (ALP) and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 months.

Intervention
All patients underwent degarelix administration.

Outcome measurements and statistical analysis
T-test or sign test and Pearson or Spearman test for continuous variables were used when indicated.

Results and limitations
Median percent increase in FBM ranged from + 14.5% in trunk to + 25.4% in the left leg after degarelix. LBM changes varied from + 2% in the trunk to − 4.9% in the right arm. LBM in both arms and legs and their variations after degarelix directly correlated with ALP and inversely correlated with CTX. Lean mass of limbs, trunk and legs significantly correlated with BMD of the hip, lean mass of the trunk significantly correlated with spine BMD. These are post-hoc analysis of a prospective study and this is the main limitation.

Conclusions
an heterogeneous change in body composition among body district is observed after ADT and bone turnover is influenced by lean mass and its variation. A supervised physical activity is crucial to maintain general physical performance and preserving bone health.
Non-line-of-sight target tracking with improved recurrent extreme learning machine
Authors: Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTarget tracking provides important location-based services in many applications. The main challenge of target tracking is to combat the severe degradation problem in Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) scenario. Most Deep Learning algorithms available in literature to address this issue belong to batch learning with high complexity. This paper proposes a novel online sequential learning algorithm, Improved Recurrent Extreme Learning Machine (IRELM), to solve the NLOS target tracking problem as a position series prediction task. IRELM is able to train Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) inputs one-by-one and adaptively update the input weight, hidden weight, feedback weight and output weight. Extensive simulations and experiments prove the superior tracking performance and feasible complexity of IRELM over the state-of-the-art Deep Learning methods.
Quantum Metropolis Solver: a quantum walks approach to optimization problems
Authors: Campos Roberto , Casares P. A. M. , Martin-Delgado M. A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe efficient resolution of optimization problems is one of the key issues in today’s industry. This task relies mainly on classical algorithms that present scalability problems and processing limitations. Quantum computing has emerged to challenge these types of problems. In this paper, we focus on the Metropolis-Hastings quantum algorithm, which is based on quantum walks. We use this algorithm to build a quantum software tool called Quantum Metropolis Solver (QMS). We validate QMS with the N-Queen problem to show a potential quantum advantage in an example that can be easily extrapolated to an Artificial Intelligence domain. We carry out different simulations to validate the performance of QMS and its configuration.
Navigating fairness measures and trade-offs
Authors: Buijsman Stefan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
To monitor and prevent bias in AI systems, we can use a wide range of (statistical) fairness measures. However, it is mathematically impossible to optimize all of these measures at the same time. In addition, optimizing a fairness measure often greatly reduces the accuracy of the system (Kozodoi et al., Eur J Oper Res 297:1083–1094, 2022). As a result, we need a substantive theory that informs us how to make these decisions and for what reasons. I show that by using Rawls’ notion of justice as fairness, we can create a basis for navigating fairness measures and the accuracy trade-off. In particular, this leads to a principled choice focusing on both the most vulnerable groups and the type of fairness measure that has the biggest impact on that group. This also helps to close part of the gap between philosophical accounts of distributive justice and the fairness literature that has been observed by (Kuppler et al. Distributive justice and fairness metrics in automated decision-making: How much overlap is there? arXiv preprint arXiv:2105.01441, 2021), and to operationalise the value of fairness.
Mind the Governance Gaps: Harmful Corporate Strategies Leading to Avoidance of Responsibility and Civil Society Counter-Strategies
Authors: Booth Katharine 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe ‘Mind the Gap’ project has created a toolkit for civil society to hold companies to account for their adverse impacts. The toolkit sets out two distinct but interlinked frameworks: harmful corporate strategies resulting in the avoidance of responsibility for adverse impacts, and civil society counter-strategies to overcome these harmful strategies. Both frameworks capture the unique experiences of the Mind the Gap project’s global consortium partners and civil society actors focused on corporate accountability. The project responds to a need to close governance gaps that arise in the context of the current global economic system. It is only by identifying and understanding harmful corporate strategies that civil society can effectively advocate for corporate accountability and the closure of governance gaps.
ON POSSIBLE VALUES OF THE INTERIOR ANGLE BETWEEN INTERMEDIATE SUBALGEBRAS
Authors: GUPTA VED PRAKASH , SHARMA DEEPIKA 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe show that all values in the interval
$[0,{\pi }/{2}]$
can be attained as interior angles between intermediate subalgebras (as introduced by Bakshi and the first named author [‘Lattice of intermediate subalgebras’, J. Lond. Math. Soc. (2)104(2) (2021), 2082–2127]) of a certain inclusion of simple unital
$C^*$
-algebras. We also calculate the interior angles between intermediate crossed product subalgebras of any inclusion of crossed product algebras corresponding to any action of a countable discrete group and its subgroups on a unital
$C^*$
-algebra.
Cell segmentation in images without structural fluorescent labels
Authors: Zyss Daniel , Ribeiro Susana A. , Ludlam Mary J. C. , Walter Thomas , Fehri Amin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
High-content screening (HCS) provides an excellent tool to understand the mechanism of action of drugs on disease-relevant model systems. Careful selection of fluorescent labels (FLs) is crucial for successful HCS assay development. HCS assays typically comprise (a) FLs containing biological information of interest, and (b) additional structural FLs enabling instance segmentation for downstream analysis. However, the limited number of available fluorescence microscopy imaging channels restricts the degree to which these FLs can be experimentally multiplexed. In this article, we present a segmentation workflow that overcomes the dependency on structural FLs for image segmentation, typically freeing two fluorescence microscopy channels for biologically relevant FLs. It consists in extracting structural information encoded within readouts that are primarily biological, by fine-tuning pre-trained state-of-the-art generalist cell segmentation models for different combinations of individual FLs, and aggregating the respective segmentation results together. Using annotated datasets that we provide, we confirm our methodology offers improvements in performance and robustness across several segmentation aggregation strategies and image acquisition methods, over different cell lines and various FLs. It thus enables the biological information content of HCS assays to be maximized without compromising the robustness and accuracy of computational single-cell profiling.