bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in Mannich‐type Reactions Based on the Classification of Compounds with Activated α‐H
Authors: Lv Huiting , Du Yongli , Zhang Haibin , Zheng Yong , Yan Zhijia , Dong Ning 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMannich‐type reaction utilizes active α‐H compounds (aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acids and their esters, nitroalkanes, nitriles, phenols, and alkynes), amines and aldehydes to synthesize β‐aminocarbonyl compounds, which are valuable intermediates for the synthesis of natural products and drugs. The reaction yield, enantioselectivity, diastereoselectivity, and regioselectivity of the Mannich reaction are mainly affected by the catalysts and structural characteristics of the reaction substrates. In particular, the structural features of the reaction substrates can be classified into the steric effect and electronic effects of the substituents. In this article, we summarize the developments of symmetric and asymmetric Mannich‐type reactions according to the type of reaction substrates and analyze the factors affecting the reaction yield, enantioselectivity, diastereoselectivity, and regioselectivity.
Self‐Synthesized POM‐Chitosan Material with Enzyme Mimetic Activities for Antioxidant Applications
Authors: Mbage Bawa , Qi Yu , Frimpong Regina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn organic‐POMs nanoparticle of PMo9V3/CS was successfully synthesized from chitosan (CS) and H6PMo9V3O40 (PMo9V3) by immobilized method. After characterization, PMo9V3/CS hybrids were determined to possess dual enzyme properties similar to peroxidase and oxidase (KO3). PMo9V3/CS exhibited good kinetic activity towards H2O2 and could catalyze the decomposition of H2O2 to generate ⋅OH and reactive oxygen species respectively. It also showed stability in wide pH range between 3 to 8. Based on the high peroxidase‐mimetic and ROS activities, PMo9V3/CS for the first time was used as a nanomaterial to exhibit antibacterial properties against E. coli (gram negative bacterium). PMo9V3/CS‐based antibacterial showed high proficiency in damaging the existing biofilm and preventing formation of new biofilm than H2O2. This performance was a contribution of the CS‐mediated membrane destabilization and POM‐mediated oxidation of bacteria in the electron transport chain, causing the deformation of rod shape morphology and the decrease of density count of the bacteria. Therefore, PMo9V3/CS shows excellent antioxidant activity and enzymatic‐stability for clinic application.
Hydration Numbers of Polyethylene Glycols Based on a New Viscosity Model
Authors: Abbasov Hakim 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDue to the high solubility in water and the structural compatibility of polyethylene glycol with water molecules, it is a good model system for studying the mechanisms of interaction between water and biopolymers. The behavior of biopolymers in living organisms strongly depends on the hydration of macromolecules in the aquatic environment. In this work the effective hydration numbers of polyethylene glycols are determined using a new viscosity model developed for electrolytes and experimental data on the viscosity of dilute aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycols (300–35000). The calculated hydration numbers are in good agreement with the literature data and increase with increasing molecular mass of polyethylene glycol: as the molecular mass increases, starting from a molecular mass of 1000, the chain begins to fold in on itself, forming segment‐segment interactions, trapping additional, more loosely bound water between the segments. Based on the dependence of the intrinsic viscosity on the molecular mass according to the Mark‐Houwink equation, it is shown that PEGs are the flexible polymers and highly soluble in water.
All Resistive Pressure–Temperature Bimodal Sensing E‐Skin for Object Classification
Authors: Han Shilei , Zhi Xinrong , Xia Yifan , Guo Wenyu , Li Qingqing , Chen Delu , Liu Kangting , Wang Xin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractElectronic skin (E‐skin) with multimodal sensing ability demonstrates huge prospects in object classification by intelligent robots. However, realizing the object classification capability of E‐skin faces severe challenges in multiple types of output signals. Herein, a hierarchical pressure–temperature bimodal sensing E‐skin based on all resistive output signals is developed for accurate object classification, which consists of laser‐induced graphene/silicone rubber (LIG/SR) pressure sensing layer and NiO temperature sensing layer. The highly conductive LIG is employed as pressure‐sensitive material as well as the interdigital electrode. Benefiting from high conductivity of LIG, pressure perception exhibits an excellent sensitivity of −34.15 kPa−1. Meanwhile, a high temperature coefficient of resistance of −3.84%°C−1 is obtained in the range of 24–40 °C. More importantly, based on only electrical resistance as the output signal, the bimodal sensing E‐skin with negligible crosstalk can simultaneously achieve pressure and temperature perception. Furthermore, a smart glove based on this E‐skin enables classifying various objects with different shapes, sizes, and surface temperatures, which achieves over 92% accuracy under assistance of deep learning. Consequently, the hierarchical pressure–temperature bimodal sensing E‐skin demonstrates potential application in human‐machine interfaces, intelligent robots, and smart prosthetics.
Non‐Cardiotoxic Tetradecanoic Acid‐2,4‐Dinitrophenol Ester Nanomicelles in Microneedles Exert Potent Anti‐Obesity Effect by Regulating Adipocyte Browning and Lipogenesis
Authors: Liang Shuang , Li Zekun , Bao Cheng , Liu Bin , Zhang Huijuan , Yuan Yu , Yan Huiling , Chen Shanan , Zhang Hui , Shi Wenbiao , Ren Fazheng , Li Yuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSustained oral uncoupler 2,4‐dinitrophenol (DNP) administration exerts prominent anti‐obesity effects, but the adipose tissue off‐target disadvantage leads to systemic adverse effects. A novel non‐cardiotoxicity DNP delivery method using a biocompatible microneedles patch containing the amphiphilic tetradecanoic acid‐DNP ester (TADNP) is described, which is synthesized via esterification on the phenolic hydroxyl of DNP. The TADNP is self‐assembled as nanomicelles, which enhance the endocytosis rate of DNP by adipocytes and its permeation in isolated adipose tissues. The microenvironment of adipose tissues promotes the massive release of DNP and plasma and simulated gastrointestinal fluids. The microneedles‐delivered TADNP nanomicelles (MN‐TADNP) effectively deliver DNP in treated adipose tissues and reduce DNP content in off‐target organs. Both oral and MN patch‐delivered TADNP micelles effectively exert anti‐obesity effects in a mouse model of high‐fat diet‐induced obesity; and noteworthily, MN‐TADNP exhibit more satisfactory biosafety than oral administration. Here, a smart MN patch loaded with tetradecanoic acid‐modified DNP is reported, which enhances its accumulation in adipose tissues and exerts an anti‐obesity effect without causing any systemic toxicity.
Construction of a Flexible Optogenetic Device for Multisite and Multiregional Optical Stimulation Through Flexible µ‐LED Displays on the Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Shang Xue , Ling Wei , Chen Ying , Li Chenxi , Huang Xian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPrecisely delivering light to multiple locations in biological tissue is crucial for advancing multiregional optogenetics in neuroscience research. However, conventional implantable devices typically have rigid geometries and limited light sources, allowing only single or dual probe placement with fixed spacing. Here, a fully flexible optogenetic device with multiple thin‐film microscale light‐emitting diode (µ‐LED) displays scattering from a central controller is presented. Each display is heterogeneously integrated with thin‐film 5 × 10 µ‐LEDs and five optical fibers 125 µm in diameter to achieve cellular‐scale spatial resolution. Meanwhile, the device boasts a compact, flexible circuit capable of multichannel configuration and wireless transmission, with an overall weight of 1.31 g, enabling wireless, real‐time neuromodulation of freely moving rats. Characterization results and finite element analysis have demonstrated excellent optical properties and mechanical stability, while cytotoxicity tests further ensure the biocompatibility of the device for implantable applications. Behavior studies under optogenetic modulation indicate great promise for wirelessly modulating neural functions in freely moving animals. The device with multisite and multiregional optogenetic modulation capability offers a comprehensive platform to advance both fundamental neuroscience studies and potential applications in brain‐computer interfaces.
Pt‐Pd Nanoalloys Functionalized Mesoporous SnO2 Spheres: Tailored Synthesis, Sensing Mechanism, and Device Integration
Authors: Xue Lingxiao , Ren Yuan , Li Yanyan , Xie Wenhe , Chen Keyu , Zou Yidong , Wu Limin , Deng Yonghui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMethane (CH4), as the vital energy resource and industrial chemicals, is highly flammable and explosive for concentrations above the explosive limit, triggering potential risks to personal and production safety. Therefore, exploiting smart gas sensors for real‐time monitoring of CH4 becomes extremely important. Herein, the Pt‐Pd nanoalloy functionalized mesoporous SnO2 microspheres (Pt‐Pd/SnO2) were synthesized, which show uniform diameter (≈500 nm), high surface area (40.9–56.5 m2 g−1), and large mesopore size (8.8–15.8 nm). The highly dispersed Pt‐Pd nanoalloys are confined in the mesopores of SnO2, causing the generation ofoxygen defects and increasing the carrier concentration of sensitive materials. The representative Pt1‐Pd4/SnO2 exhibits superior CH4 sensing performance with ultrahigh response (Ra/Rg = 21.33 to 3000 ppm), fast response/recovery speed (4/9 s), as well as outstanding stability. Spectroscopic analyses imply that such an excellent CH4 sensing process involves the fast conversion of CH4 into formic acid and CO intermediates, and finally into CO2. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the attractive covalent bonding interaction and rapid electron transfer between the Pt‐Pd nanoalloys and SnO2 support, dramatically promote the orbital hybridization of Pd4 sites and adsorbed CH4 molecules, enhancing the catalytic activation of CH4 over the sensing layer.
Enhanced CO Affinity on Cu Facilitates CO2 Electroreduction toward Multi‐Carbon Products
Authors: Li Xiaotong , Qin Minkai , Wu Xiuju , Lv Xiangzhou , Wang Jianghao , Wang Yong , Wu Hao Bin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is a promising strategy for waste CO2 utilization and intermittent electricity storage. Herein, it is reported that bimetallic Cu/Pd catalysts with enhanced *CO affinity show a promoted CO2RR performance for multi‐carbon (C2+) production under industry‐relevant high current density. Especially, bimetallic Cu/Pd‐1% catalyst shows an outstanding CO2‐to‐C2+ conversion with 66.2% in Faradaic efficiency (FE) and 463.2 mA cm−2 in partial current density. An increment in the FE ratios of C2+ products to CO for Cu/Pd‐1% catalyst further illuminates a preferable C2+ production. In situ Raman spectra reveal that the atop‐bounded CO is dominated by low‐frequency band CO on Cu/Pd‐1% that leads to C2+ products on bimetallic catalysts, in contrast to the majority of high‐frequency band CO on Cu that favors the formation of CO. Density function theory calculation confirms that bimetallic Cu/Pd catalyst enhances the *CO adsorption and reduces the Gibbs free energy of the CC coupling process, thereby favoring the formation of C2+ products.
scLiverDB: a Database of Human and Mouse Liver Transcriptome Landscapes at Single‐Cell Resolution
Authors: Pan Qi , Li Borui , Lin Dong , Miao Ya‐Ru , Luo Tao , Yue Tao , Luo Qingming , Guo An‐Yuan , Zhang Zhihong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe liver is critical for the digestive and immune systems. Although the physiology and pathology of liver have been well studied and many scRNA‐seq data are generated, a database and landscape for characterizing cell types and gene expression in different liver diseases or developmental stages at single‐cell resolution are lacking. Hence, scLiverDB is developed, a specialized database for human and mouse liver transcriptomes to unravel the landscape of liver cell types, cell heterogeneity and gene expression at single‐cell resolution across various liver diseases/cell types/developmental stages. To date, 62 datasets including 9,050 samples and 1,741,734 cells is curated. A uniform workflow is used, which included quality control, dimensional reduction, clustering, and cell‐type annotation to analyze datasets on the same platform; integrated manual and automatic methods for accurate cell‐type identification and provided a user‐friendly web interface with multiscale functions. There are two case studies to show the usefulness of scLiverDB, which identified the LTB (lymphotoxin Beta) gene as a potential biomarker of lymphoid cells differentiation and showed the expression changes of Foxa3 (forkhead box A3) in liver chronic progressive diseases. This work provides a crucial resource to resolve molecular and cellular information in normal, diseased, and developing human and mouse livers.
Local Drug Delivery Techniques for Triggering Immunogenic Cell Death
Authors: Ren En , Wang Yanfang , Liang Tingxizi , Zheng Hanqi , Shi Jiaqi , Cheng Zesheng , Li Hongjun , Gu Zhen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractImmunogenic cell death (ICD), a dying state of the cells, encompasses the changes in the conformations of cell surface and the release of damage‐associated molecular patterns, which could initiate an adaptive immune response by stimulating the dendritic cells to present antigens to T cells. Advancements in biomaterials, nanomedicine, and micro‐ and nano‐technologies have facilitated the development of effective ICD inducers, but the potential toxicity of these vesicles encountered in drug delivery via intravenous administration hampers their further application. As alternatives, the local drug delivery systems have gained emerging attention due to their ability to prolong the retention of high payloads at the lesions, sequester drugs from harsh environments, overcome biological barriers to exert optimal efficacy, and minimize potential side effects to guarantee bio‐safety. Herein, a brief overview of the local drug delivery techniques used for ICD inducers is provided, explaining how these techniques broaden, alter, and enhance the therapeutic capability while circumventing systemic toxicity at the same time. The historical context and prominent examples of the local administration of ICD inducers are introduced. The complexities, potential pitfalls, and opportunities for local drug delivery techniques in cancer immunotherapy are also discussed.
Chromosome‐scale assembly and analysis of Melilotus officinalis genome for SSR development and nodulation genes analysis
Authors: He Qinguan , Li Zhengpeng , Liu Yanlong , Yang Hao , Liu Li , Ren Yi , Zheng Jiacheng , Xu Ronghua , Wang Songhua , Zhan Qiuwen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMelilotus officinalis is an important legume crop with forage and Chinese medicinal value. The unknown genome of M. officinalis restricted the domestication and utilization of the species and its germplasm resource diversity. A chromosome‐scale assembly of the M. officinalis genome was assembled and analysed. The 976.27 Mb of genome was divided into eight chromosomes covering 99.16% of the whole genome. A total of 50022 genes were predicted in the genome. M. officinalis and Melilotus albus shared a common ancestor 0.5–5.65 million years ago (MYA). A genome‐wide doubling event occurred 68.93 MYA according to the synonymous nucleotide‐substitution values. A total of 552102 tandem repeats were predicted, and 46004 SSR primers of TRs with 10 or more base pairs were developed and designed. The elucidation of the M. officinalis genome provides a compelling model system for studying the genetic, evolutionary and biosynthesis of this legume.
Implantable smart hyperthermia nanofibers for cancer therapy: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Valizadeh Amir , Asghari Samira , Abbaspoor Saleheh , Jafari Abbas , Raeisi Mortaza , Pilehvar Younes 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNanofibers (NFs) with practical drug‐loading capacities, high stability, and controllable release have caught the attention of investigators due to their potential applications in on‐demand drug delivery devices. Developing novel and efficient multidisciplinary management of locoregional cancer treatment through the design of smart NF‐based systems integrated with combined chemotherapy and hyperthermia could provide stronger therapeutic advantages. On the other hand, implanting directly at the tumor area is a remarkable benefit of hyperthermia NF‐based drug delivery approaches. Hence, implantable smart hyperthermia NFs might be very hopeful for tumor treatment in the future and provide new avenues for developing highly efficient localized drug delivery systems. Indeed, features of the smart NFs lead to the construction of a reversibly flexible nanostructure that enables hyperthermia and facile switchable release of antitumor agents to eradicate cancer cells. Accordingly, this study covers recent updates on applications of implantable smart hyperthermia NFs regarding their current scope and future outlook.This article is categorized under:
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Adaptive Thermal Error Compensation Model of a Horizontal Machining Centre
Authors: Horejš Otakar , Mareš Martin , Straka Michal , Švéda Jiří , Kozlok Tomáš 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe state-of-the-art method to reduce CNC machine tool thermal errors is real-time error compensation based on the thermal error estimation models. However, it is difficult to establish a thermal error compensation model with good versatility, high accuracy, and strong robustness due to various manufacturing conditions and a thermally varying surrounding environment. It causes that thermal behaviour of the machine tools is nonlinear and varying in real time. Consequently, the pre-trained and non-adaptive model may not be accurate and robust enough for long-term application. The presented research shows a systematic adaptation technique to update the thermal error compensation model of a horizontal machining centre under varying conditions, which differ from the calibration test. System identification theory is applied to build a dynamic thermal error model for a horizontal machining centre based on calibration test. Linear parametric models of autoregressive with external input (ARX) present an established dynamic method, and its modelling and calculation speed are suitable for real-time applications. Additionally, process-intermittent probing and thermal error model are integrated into the machine management software of the horizontal machining centre to monitor and compensate for thermal errors at the tool centre point (TCP) in real time using C#/C++ programming language. The results show that the prediction accuracy measured as peak-to-peak values and the normalized root mean squared error of the thermal error compensation models are improved by up to 33% and 51%, respectively, when adaptive compensation model is applied.
Analysing the Impact of Process Dependent Thermal Loads on the Prediction Accuracy of Thermal Effects in Machine Tool Components
Authors: Wenkler Eric , Steiert Christoph , Boos Eugen , Ihlenfeldt Steffen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThermal changes are one major reason for machining errors. The simulation of thermal compensation processes is therefore of extraordinary importance for the correction and compensation of thermal errors. Most models assume static power losses in machine components and neglect the influence of the machining task on the resulting power losses. Previews research showed that the machine tool activity has a significant effect on occurring power losses. Coupled to a FE model, thermal errors can be predicted more accurately. To investigate the advantages and disadvantages of this approach, the procedure was applied and examined on a machine basis, which is one of the most complex components of a machine tool from a thermal point of view. Therefore, this work describes the concept, application and evaluation of the task-specific thermal prediction. The paper showed that this strategy allows the extrapolation to an unknown and complex load scenario with only 30% prediction error.
Interleukin 1β triggers synaptic and memory deficits in Herpes simplex virus type-1-infected mice by downregulating the expression of synaptic plasticity-related genes via the epigenetic MeCP2/HDAC4 complex
Authors: Li Puma Domenica Donatella , Colussi Claudia , Bandiera Bruno , Puliatti Giulia , Rinaudo Marco , Cocco Sara , Paciello Fabiola , Re Agnese , Ripoli Cristian , De Chiara Giovanna , Bertozzi Alessia , Palamara Anna Teresa , Piacentini Roberto , Grassi Claudio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExtensive research provides evidence that neuroinflammation underlies numerous brain disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms by which inflammatory mediators determine synaptic and cognitive dysfunction occurring in neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease) are far from being fully understood. Here we investigated the role of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and the molecular cascade downstream the activation of its receptor, to the synaptic dysfunction occurring in the mouse model of multiple Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) reactivations within the brain. These mice are characterized by neuroinflammation and memory deficits associated with a progressive accumulation of neurodegenerative hallmarks (e.g., amyloid-β protein and tau hyperphosphorylation). Here we show that mice undergone two HSV-1 reactivations in the brain exhibited increased levels of IL-1β along with significant alterations of: (1) cognitive performances; (2) hippocampal long-term potentiation; (3) expression synaptic-related genes and pre- and post-synaptic proteins; (4) dendritic spine density and morphology. These effects correlated with activation of the epigenetic repressor MeCP2 that, in association with HDAC4, affected the expression of synaptic plasticity-related genes. Specifically, in response to HSV-1 infection, HDAC4 accumulated in the nucleus and promoted MeCP2 SUMOylation that is a post-translational modification critically affecting the repressive activity of MeCP2. The blockade of IL-1 receptors by the specific antagonist Anakinra prevented the MeCP2 increase and the consequent downregulation of gene expression along with rescuing structural and functional indices of neurodegeneration. Collectively, our findings provide novel mechanistic evidence on the role played by HSV-1-activated IL-1β signaling pathways in synaptic deficits leading to cognitive impairment.