bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐estate Boom, Commodification and Crises of Social Reproductive Institutions in Rural China
Authors: Liu Tiantian 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTBased on 12 months of ethnographic, interview and archival research in a poor rural county in China, this article argues that three state policies, namely the concentration of rural educational resources in the county seat, the decision to make access to county‐seat public schools conditional upon homeownership in school districts, and the (former) one‐child policy, have compelled rural households to participate in the real‐estate market to meet the reproductive needs of basic education and marriage. The increasing commodification of education and marriage has fuelled a local real‐estate boom during the past decade. At the same time, it has put peasant‐migrant households under severe economic pressure, forcing them to relocate unpaid female care labour away from the village and to become heavily indebted. These outcomes have had serious repercussions for two other reproductive institutions, leading to a breakdown in intergenerational care and financial support for the elderly, and a sharp decline in the rural birth rate. The Chinese countryside as a social space in which peasant‐migrant households were able to reproduce themselves in a relatively non‐commodified manner has disappeared.
Law and Famine: Learning from the Hunger Courts in South Sudan
Authors: Pendle Naomi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractActivists and scholars are seeking to end famine by promoting international legal accountability for starvation. This article deepens our understanding of the relationship between the politics of famine and law by observing the ongoing prevalence and power of legal norms and institutions during times of famine. It reveals the widespread use of hunger courts in famine‐prone South Sudan and their role in legally enforcing social networks that provide for the most vulnerable. Based on analysis of country‐wide survey data from 2018 and 2019, qualitative interviews from 2019‒22 and in‐depth ethnographic observations of hunger courts in one chiefdom in South Sudan during a period of famine‐level hunger in 2018 and 2019, the article argues that hunger courts have played a key role in enforcing social networks. These courts have also supported continuity of chiefs’ authority despite crisis. The article concludes by addressing two issues: whether law is necessarily emancipatory in times of famine, and whether legal norms have shifted responsibility for hunger away from the political economies and conflicts that cause famine, instead placing blame and shame on the families of the most vulnerable.
Hormonal and pheromonal studies on amphibians with special reference to metamorphosis and reproductive behavior
Authors: Kikuyama Sakae , Yamamoto Kazutoshi , Toyoda Fumiyo , Kouki Tom , Okada Reiko 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this article, we review studies which have been conducted to investigate the hormonal influence on metamorphosis in bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) and Japanese toad (Bufo japonicus) larvae, in addition to studies conducted on the hormonal and pheromonal control of reproductive behavior in red‐bellied newts (Cynops pyrrhogaster). Metamorphosis was studied with an emphasis on the roles of prolactin (PRL) and thyrotropin (TSH). The release of PRL was shown to be regulated by thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) and that of TSH was evidenced to be regulated by corticotropin‐releasing factor. The significance of the fact that the neuropeptide that controls the secretion of TSH is different from those encountered in mammals is discussed in consideration of the observation that the release of TRH, which stimulates the release of PRL, is enhanced when the animals are subjected to a cold temperature. Findings that were made by using melanin‐rich cells of Bufo embryos and larvae, such as the determination of the origin of the adenohypophyseal primordium, identification of the pancreatic chitinase, and involvement of the rostral preoptic recess organ as the hypothalamic inhibitory center of α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) secretion, are mentioned in this article. In addition, the involvement of hormones in eliciting courtship behavior in male red‐bellied newts and the discovery of the peptide sex pheromones and hormonal control of their secretion are also discussed in the present article.
Early referral to multidisciplinary specialty centers to optimize outcomes in children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy
Authors: Muhlestein Whitney E. , Smith Brandon W. , Chang Kate Wan‐Chu , Justice Denise , Nelson Virginia S. , Brown Susan H. , Yang Lynda J.‐S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo demonstrate the trajectory of long‐term recovery of upper‐extremity movement and determine optimal timing of evaluation at multidisciplinary specialty centers in children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP).MethodAll children with conservatively managed NBPP seen at one institution from 2005 to 2020 were considered for inclusion. The cohort was divided according to age at formal evaluation (≤30 or > 30 days). Active range of motion (AROM) for shoulder and elbow movements collected at each appointment were compared in local age windows between early and late cohorts. Locally estimated scatterplot smoothing was used to demonstrate the trajectory of recovery for the overall cohort.ResultsMore than 13 000 prospectively collected data points for 429 children (220 males, 209 females) were analysed. Elbow flexion improved to nearly full AROM for both groups over the course of the study. Shoulder abduction, forward flexion and external rotation, and forearm supination improved for the entire cohort, although greater absolute improvement, particularly at the shoulder, was seen in the early cohort (age at formal evaluation ≤30 days). AROM for elbow extension remained roughly stable for the early cohort but decreased for the late cohort (age at formal evaluation >30 days). AROM for forearm pronation decreased over time for both cohorts.InterpretationOur data demonstrate good long‐term functional recovery for children with conservatively managed NBPP. However, early referral to multispecialty brachial plexus centers may optimize outcomes.What this paper adds

Many children with conservatively managed neonatal brachial plexus palsy have good long‐term shoulder and elbow outcomes.
Early referral to multidisciplinary clinics may maximize long‐term shoulder and elbow recovery and optimize outcomes.
Sulfatide inhibits fibroblast growth, activation and oxidative stress induced by ectopic insulin
Authors: Roeske‐Nielsen Allan , Månsson Jan‐Eric , Tekin Hasim , Rieneck Klaus , Bendtzen Klaus , Buschard Karsten 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo study the effect of sulfatide on gene expression and proliferation of human primary fibroblasts induced by insulin, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 and human growth hormone.Materials and MethodsHuman primary fibroblasts were exposed to 1, 3 and 30 μM of sulfatide or its precursor galactosylceramide (GalCer). Proliferation was determined by 3H‐thymidine incorporation and gene expression via microarray analysis.ResultsSulfatide and GalCer reduced the growth rate of fibroblasts by 32%‐82% when exposed to 0.5 nM insulin. After challenge with 120 μM of H2O2, sulfatide reduced membrane leakage. Fibroblast gene expression was altered by sulfatide in gene pathways associated with cell cycle/growth, transforming growth factor‐β function, and encoding of proteins involved in intracellular signalling. NFKBIA, a key control element in NF‐кB regulation, was decreased 2‐fold by sulfatide.ConclusionsSulfatide strongly inhibits fibroblast growth. We therefore suggest the addition of sulfatide to injectable commercial insulin formulations, which would reduce adverse fibroblast growth and improve well‐being in patients with diabetes.
The significance of coefficient of variation as a measure of hypoglycaemia risk and glycaemic control in real world users of the automated insulin delivery MiniMed 780G system
Authors: Castañeda Javier , Arrieta Arcelia , van den Heuvel Tim , Cohen Ohad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimUse of the MiniMed 780G system (MM780G) can result in a reduction in mean and standard deviation (SD) of sensor glucose (SG) values. We assessed the significance of the coefficient of variation (CV) as a measure of hypoglycaemia risk and glycaemic control.Materials and MethodsData from 10 404 MM780G users were analysed using multivariable logistic regression to assess the contribution of CV to (a) hypoglycaemia risk, measured as not reaching target <1% for time below range (TBR), and (b) achieving targets of time‐in‐range (TIR) >70% and glucose management indicator <7%. CV was compared with SD and low blood glucose index. To assess the relevance of CV <36% as a therapeutic threshold, we identified the CV cut‐off point that optimally discriminated users at risk of hypoglycaemia.ResultsThe contribution of CV was the smallest in terms of risk of hypoglycaemia (vs. low blood glucose index and SD) and TIR and glucose management indicator targets (vs. SD). In all cases the models with SD showed the best fit. A CV <43.4% (95% CI: 42.9–43.9) was the optimal cut‐off point with a correct classification rate of 87.2% (vs. 72.9% for CV <36%).ConclusionFor MM780G users, CV is a poor marker for hypoglycaemia risk and glycaemic control. We recommend using, for the former, TBR and whether the TBR target is met (and not using CV <36% as a therapeutic threshold for hypoglycaemia); for the latter, TIR, time above range, whether targets are met and a discrete description of mean SG and SD of SG values.
Biology of fall armyworm – an introduction
Authors: de Lange Elvira S. , Xiao Yutao , Beukeboom Leo W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a voracious pest of various crops, such as maize, rice, and sugarcane. Originally from the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, it recently spread around the world. As populations can be resistant to pesticides, integrated pest management (IPM) is important, relying on a combination of chemical, physical, and biological control. This special issue of Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata includes both fundamental and applied studies on fall armyworm biology, monitoring, and control, setting the stage for the development of effective, sustainable strategies to protect crops against fall armyworm, both in its native range and in areas where it has invaded.
Trauma exposure and disclosure in Hispanic youth at clinical high risk for psychosis: A retrospective review study
Authors: Barans Samuel , Friedman Bess , Lardier David T. , Saavedra Justine L. , Bustillo Juan R. , Halperin Dawn , Lenroot Rhoshel K. , Tohen Mauricio , Winger Sarah , Crisanti Annette S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThis exploratory study aimed to examine differences in rates of self and clinician‐reports of trauma in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) and whether rates of reporting differed by ethnicity.MethodsSelf‐reported history of trauma was collected at intake amongst youth at CHR enrolled in Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC) services (N = 52). A structured chart review was conducted for the same sample to identify clinician‐reported history of trauma throughout treatment in CSC.ResultsFor all patients, frequency of self‐reported trauma at intake to CSC (56%) was lower compared to clinician‐reports of trauma throughout treatment (85%). Hispanic patients self‐reported trauma at intake (35%) less frequently than non‐Hispanics (69%) (p = .02). No differences were found in clinician reported exposure to trauma by ethnicity throughout treatment.ConclusionWhilst further research is needed, these findings suggest the need for formalised, repeated, and culturally appropriate assessments of trauma within CSC.
Patient‐specific 3D printed models for enhanced learning of immediate implant procedures and provisionalization
Authors: Hu Liqun , Rong Rong , Song Wenjuan , Wu Hongzhao , Jia Shuqing , He Zhixiao , Sa Yue 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to describe the fabrication, implementation and evaluation of 3D‐printed patient‐specific models for unskilled students to enhance learning in immediate implant procedures and provisionalization.Materials and MethodsThe individualized simulation models were designed and processed based on CT and digital intraoral scanning of a patient. Thirty students performed simulation implant surgery and provisionalized the implant sites on the models and answered questionnaires to assess their perceptions before and after the training. The scores of the questionnaires were analysed using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.ResultsSignificant differences before and after training were found in the students' responses. Students reported better results in understanding of surgical procedures, knowledge in prosthetically driven implantology, understanding of minimally invasive tooth extraction, confirming the accuracy of surgical template, usage of the guide rings and usage of the surgical cassette after simulation training. The overall expenditure on the simulation training involving 30 students amounted to 342.5 USD.ConclusionsThe patient‐specific and cost‐efficient 3D printed models are helpful for students to improve theoretical knowledge and practical skills. Such individualized simulation models have promising application prospects.
Aerobic and anaerobic burning alter trace metal availability in peat soils: evidence from laboratory experiments
Authors: Li Xiao , Wang Guoping , Li Yunhui , Han Dongxue , Cong Jinxin , Gao Chuanyu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs global warming becomes more pronounced, climate change and human activities are leading to frequent peat fire incidents. Fire plays an important role in the environmental distribution of trace metals in peat soils. In the current study, we collected peat soils from six peatlands of the Great Khingan Mountains in Northeast China, where wildfires have often occurred in recent decades. To investigate the transformation of trace metals in peat soils by fire, burning experiments at 250°C (light) or 600°C (severe) and under aerobic (AE, flaming) and anaerobic (AN, smouldering) conditions (AE250, AE600, AN250, AN600) were carried out in the laboratory to investigate the effect of different burning intensities on the distribution of Cu, As, Pb, and Cd in peat soils. The European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction method for metal fractions was applied for partitioning four fractions (exchangeable, reducible, oxidizable, and residual). The results showed that AE600 significantly decreased the percentages of oxidizable Cu, As, Cd and Pb (Cuoxi, Asoxi Cdoxi and Pboxi) compared with those of the original samples, e.g., Cuoxi decreased from 68.84% ± 12.76% to 15.82% ± 8.02% in peat under moss, which might result from organic matter decrease. Under AN250 conditions, the exchangeable As (Asexc) and Pb (Pbexc) significantly increased by more than twice. Different burning intensities significantly changed the various fractions of Cu, e.g., more than 20% Cuoxi transferred to exchangeable and reducible fractions as the temperature increased. Most of the available fractions of As transformed to residual As after burning. Our study suggests that the AE600 treatment increased the ecotoxicity and bioavailability of Cu, Pb and Cd in peat soils, while AN250 burning decreased the potential ecotoxicity of Cu, As, and Pb. Compared with lower temperature flaming burning (AE250), the ecotoxicity and bioavailability of Cu and Pb were greater in high temperature (AE600) conditions. Smouldering fires at both temperatures (AN250 and AN600) maintained a high potential ecotoxicity and bioavailability of Cu and Pb in peat soils.
Long‐term clinical evolution of patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness due to severe anoxic brain injury: A meta‐analytic study
Authors: Magliacano Alfonso , De Bellis Francesco , Panico Francesco , Sagliano Laura , Trojano Luigi , Sandroni Claudio , Estraneo Anna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe prognosis of prolonged (28 days to 3 months post‐onset) disorders of consciousness (pDoC) due to anoxic brain injury is uncertain. The present study aimed to evaluate the long‐term outcome of post‐anoxic pDoC and identify the possible predictive value of demographic and clinical information.MethodThis is a systematic review and meta‐analysis. The rates of mortality, any improvement in clinical diagnosis, and recovery of full consciousness at least 6 months after severe anoxic brain injury were evaluated. A cross‐sectional approach searched for differences in baseline demographic and clinical characteristics between survivors and non‐survivors, patients improved versus not improved, and patients who recovered full consciousness versus not recovered.ResultsTwenty‐seven studies were identified. The pooled rates of mortality, any clinical improvement and recovery of full consciousness were 26%, 26% and 17%, respectively. Younger age, baseline diagnosis of minimally conscious state versus vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, higher Coma Recovery Scale Revised total score, and earlier admission to intensive rehabilitation units were associated with a significantly higher likelihood of survival and clinical improvement. These same variables, except time of admission to rehabilitation, were also associated with recovery of full consciousness.ConclusionsPatients with anoxic pDoC might improve over time up to full recovery of consciousness and some clinical characteristics can help predict clinical improvement. These new insights could support clinicians and caregivers in the decision‐making on patient management.
Bidirectional or unidirectional? Longitudinal associations between external stressors, perceived spousal support, and marital instability
Authors: Li Qingyin , Xun Mengyu , Chen Ziyuan , Li Yinglan , Zhao Cui , Ju Xiaoyan , Lan Jing , Fang Xiaoyi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBased on three annual waves of data from 268 Chinese newlyweds (Mage = 29.59, SD = 3.25 for husbands; Mage = 28.08, SD = 2.51 for wives), the present study examined the bidirectional associations between external stressors, perceived spousal support, and marital instability by using a three‐wave, cross‐lagged approach. Results indicated bidirectional associations between external stressors and marital instability, and a unidirectional association linking marital instability to perceived spousal support. Additionally, external stressors at Wave 2 mediated the association between external stressors at Wave 1 and marital instability at Wave 3. Taken together, the present study contributes to an emerging body of research aimed at clarifying: (a) the directionality of the associations between external stressors, perceived spousal support, and marital instability; (b) how external stressors cumulatively affect the development of marital instability. Our study extends the Vulnerability‐Stress‐Adaptation (VSA) model and has developmental implications for promoting marital relationships in non‐Western couples.
Multipath ecological influence of an iteroparous fish migration from Lake Biwa to an alluvial stream
Authors: Kurasawa Akira , Onishi Yuji , Koba Keisuke , Fukushima Keitaro , Uno Hiromi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

An increasing number of studies describe the ecological influence of semelparous and iteroparous fish migrations on spawning streams. This influence consists of not only the carcasses of spent adults, but also the nutrients that they excrete subsidising stream communities. Given the complex food‐web structure of stream communities, which includes aquatic insects from various functional feeding groups, resource subsidies provided by migratory fishes should influence stream communities through multiple pathways.

We evaluated the ecological influence of an iteroparous three‐lips fish (Opsariichthys uncirostris uncirostris) in a alluvial stream by treating fish weirs as large‐scale manipulative field experiments. Between fish‐bearing and fish‐free areas, we compared concentrations of nutrients and fine particulate organic matter (FPOM), and compared densities and stable isotopes of periphyton and benthic macroinvertebrates.

The presence of the three‐lips increased the concentrations of ammonium, soluble reactive phosphorus, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, and chlorophyll‐a densities by up to 2.7‐fold. The δ15N of FPOM and macroinvertebrates during the migratory season were 2.8–7.0‰ higher in the fish‐bearing area, indicating a greater contribution of fish‐derived organic matter.

Three‐lips subsidised stream macroinvertebrates through multiple pathways: consumers fed on (1) periphyton increased by the fish nutrient subsidy, (2) fish‐derived organic matter (such as fish carcasses and eggs), and (3) FPOM with fragmented periphyton and fish‐derived organic matter constituents.

Results showed that, given the complex food‐web structures in alluvial streams, migratory fish influence stream ecosystems in complex ways. Further studies of the ecological influence of migratory fishes in alluvial streams are needed.
Where can managers effectively resist climate‐driven ecological transformation in pinyon–juniper woodlands of the US Southwest?
Authors: Noel Adam R. , Shriver Robert K. , Crausbay Shelley D. , Bradford John B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPinyon–juniper (PJ) woodlands are an important component of dryland ecosystems across the US West and are potentially susceptible to ecological transformation. However, predicting woodland futures is complicated by species‐specific strategies for persisting and reproducing under drought conditions, uncertainty in future climate, and limitations to inferring demographic rates from forest inventory data. Here, we leverage new demographic models to quantify how climate change is expected to alter population demographics in five PJ tree species in the US West and place our results in the context of a climate adaptation framework to resist, accept, or direct ecological transformation. Two of five study species, Pinus edulis and Juniperus monosperma, are projected to experience population declines, driven by both rising mortality and decreasing recruitment rates. These declines are reasonably consistent across various climate futures, and the magnitude of uncertainty in population growth due to future climate is less than uncertainty due to how demographic rates will respond to changing climate. We assess the effectiveness of management to reduce tree density and mitigate competition, and use the results to classify southwest woodlands into areas where transformation is (a) unlikely and can be passively resisted, (b) likely but may be resisted by active management, and (c) likely unavoidable, requiring managers to accept or direct the trajectory. Population declines are projected to promote ecological transformation in the warmer and drier PJ communities of the southwest, encompassing 37.1%–81.1% of our sites, depending on future climate scenarios. Less than 20% of sites expected to transform away from PJ have potential to retain existing tree composition by density reduction. Our results inform where this adaptation strategy could successfully resist ecological transformation in coming decades and allow for a portfolio design approach across the geographic range of PJ woodlands.