bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunogenic Properties of Modified Antigen E
Authors: Takatsu Kiyoshi , Ishizaka Kimishige , King Te Piao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It has been shown that regweed antigen E loses its major antigenic determinants after denaturation in 8 M urea, but urea-denatured (UD) antigen and an α-polypeptide chain isolated from the denatured molecules are capable of priming mouse T cells specific for native antigen. Weekly injections of 10μg UD antigen or α-chain into antigen E-primed antimals depressed the ongoing IgE antibody response, whereas injections of the same dose of antigen E failed to depress the antibody response. It was found by adoptive transfer experiments that helper activity of antigen E-primed splenic T cells was depressed by the treatment of the donors with either modified antigen or native antigen E. The same treatment of antigen E-primed animals depressed the DNA synthetic response of their splenic T cells to antigen E. The treatment of antigen E-primed animals with UD antigen resulted in a decrease of antigen E-specific IgE-B cells and IgG-B cells in their spleen, whereas the treatment with native antigen expanded the B cell populations. In view of the results obtained in the mouse, cellular basis for the immunologic effects of hyposensitization treatment is discussed.
Immunologic Functions of Isolated Human Lymphocyte Subpopulations
Authors: Chess Leonard , Levine Herbert , MacDermott Richard P. , Schlossman Stuart F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sephadex G-200 anti-human Fab column chromatography and rosette depletion techniques were used to isolate three distinct subpopulations of human lymphocytes: 1) T cells which are surface Ig negative and E rosette positive, 2) B cells which are surface Ig positive and E rosette negative, and 3) a “Null” cell population which is both surface Ig negative and E rosette negative. All populations were analyzed for their capacity to develop surface Ig and synthesize Ig in vitro. Greater than 50% of cells in the Null cell population developed surface Ig by day 3 of cell culture. Furthermore, in vitro, the Ig content of the Null cell population, as well as their capacity to secrete Ig in culture, becomes comparable to that produced by B cells. In contrast, cultured T cells neither develop surface Ig nor secrete Ig in culture. These data strongly support the idea that the Null population contains a subset of Ig-producing B cells.
Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Vitro
Authors: Peavy Duane L. , Pierce Carl W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The conditions for generation of simultaneous and independent cytotoxic lymphocyte (CL) responses to each of two sets of alloantigens of limited cross-reactivity by mouse spleen cells in vitro have been investigated. Responder spleen cells were incubated with mitomycin C-treated C57BL/6 (H-2b) or DBA/2 (H-2d) stimulator spleen cells and day 5 CL responses were assayed with 51Cr-labeled EL-4 leukemia (H-2b) and P815 mastocytoma (H-2d) as target cells. Spleen cells from mice of the various H-2 haplotypes tested differed greatly in their ability to develop specific CL responses against alloantigens on the stimulator spleen cells and in the degree of cross-reactive cytotoxic activity against target cells bearing alloantigens not present on the stimulator spleen cells. In contrast to the other strains examined, DBA/1 (H-2q) spleen cells developed specific CL responses to either H-2b or H-2d alloantigens without exhibiting significant cross-reactive activity on the inappropriate target cell. The CL responses to H-2b and H-2d alloantigens by DBA/1 spleen cells were comparable in magnitude and had similar stimulator cell-dose requirements. Further, DBA/1 spleen cells developed CL responses of normal magnitude simultaneously against both target cells when incubated with both mitomycin C-treated C57BL/6 and DBA/2 stimulator cells.
Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Vitro
Authors: Peavy Duane L. , Pierce Carl W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The role of cellular proliferation in the development of cytotoxic lymphocyte (CL) responses in one-way mixed lymphocyte reactions was investigated by using tritiated thymidine of high specific activity to kill proliferating cells. To develop maximum CL responses, responding lymphoid cells must proliferate for approximately 72 hr; thereafter, precursors of CL appear to differentiate into active CL without further proliferation. Different alloantigen-sensitive precursor cell populations participate in the CL responses to each of two sets of stimulating alloantigens. When cells responding to one set of alloantigens were selectively destroyed after incorporating the hot thymidine, the surviving cells retained the capacity to develop a normal CL response to the second set of alloantigens.
Release of Bound Immunoglobulin from SSPE Brain by Acid Elution
Authors: Weil Marvin L. , Leiva William A. , Heiner Douglas C. , Tourtellotte Wallace W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
SSPE brain homogenate extracted at pH 7.4 yields immunoglobulin with a 4- to 5-fold greater hemagglutination inhibition activity per microgram of IgG than serum from the same patient. Serial washing of the homogenate results in a low level steady-state release of IgG. Elution of the washed sediment with pH 2.5, 0.1 M glycine buffer results in a 2- to 3-fold increase in recovery of hemagglutination inhibition activity with a greater hemagglutination inhibition activity per milligram of IgG than the IgG recovered by phosphate-saline extraction at pH 7.4.
Antigen Suppression of the in Vitro Development of Plaque-Forming Cells to Autologous Erythrocyte Antigens
Authors: Lord Edith M. , Dutton Richard W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Peritoneal cell cultures from NZB and C57BL/6 mice develop large numbers of PFC directed against antigens present on bromelain-treated isologous erythrocytes. The development of these autoimmune PFC can be suppressed by the addition of small numbers of BrMRBC at the start of the culture period. The possibility that the development of the plaques is prevented by the presence of antigen in vivo is discussed.
Generation of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in Vitro
Authors: Fitch Frank W. , Engers Howard D. , MacDonald H. Robson , Cerottini Jean-Charles , Brunner K. Theodor 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Reexposure of day 14 murine mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) populations to the original irradiated allogeneic stimulating spleen cells has previously been found to result in the rapid generation of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) associated with a net increase in cultured cell number. Under the experimental conditions used, day 5 MLC cells appeared unable to respond to the allogeneic stimulus. In order to characterize further the development of the potential for anamnestic reactivity during the course of MLC, C57BL/6 spleen cells were incubated with irradiated (1000 rads) DBA/2 spleen cells (primary MLC) for up to 3 weeks. At various time intervals after the onset of the primary MLC, the surviving cells were collected and reexposed, at varying cell concentrations, to irradiated DBA/2 spleen cells (secondary MLC). At daily intervals thereafter, CTL activity was assessed using a quantitative 51Cr-release assay system.
A paradoxic effect of responding cell concentration on generation of CTL activity was observed; relatively greater increase in CTL activity was observed as the concentration of responding cells was decreased over a 100-fold range. This effect was more pronounced with responding cells reexposed to antigen after primary MLC for 20 days, but was observed even with normal cells. The apparent unresponsiveness of day 5 MLC cells to alloantigen restimulation could be overcome by simple dilution of responding cells. Cytotoxic activity at the time of restimulation with antigen seems to be a major factor determining the magnitude of the secondary response. Since intact cells bearing alloantigens are required for the generation of CTL in MLC, residual cytotoxic cells reduce the effective antigenic stimulus by destroying stimulating cells. This effect of concentration of responding cells on generation of CTL in MLC complicates interpretation of experiments investigating the role of “inhibitor” and “helper” cell in cell-mediated immune responses occurring in vitro.
Under optimal conditions, the highest CTL activity and the largest increase in total cell number was observed 4 days after restimulation of day 10 MLC cells. On a per cell basis, the lytic activity was up to 4 times greater than that observed at the peak of a primary response, and the number of viable cells recovered was nearly 20 times higher than that at the onset. Such secondary MLC are thus a convenient source of lymphoid cells selected primarily on the basis of proliferation induced by alloantigens.
Specific Tumor Immunity Induced with Soluble Materials: Restricted Range of Antigen Dose and of Challenge Tumor Load for Immunoprotection
Authors: Pellis Neal R. , Kahan Barry D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Immunogenic materials were solubilized from two methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcomas using 3 M KCl and were assessed for antigen activity in an immunoprotection assay. Mice which had been pretreated with a single injection of extract (0.1 to 2.0 mg protein) were challenged 10 days later with 103, 104, or 105 tumor cells. Optimal protection, as evidenced by survival, tumor incidence, and prolonged latent period before neoplastic outgrowth, was found after pretreatment with 0.5 mg of crude KCl extract and challenge with 104 tumor cells. These results further reinforce the weak nature of tumor-specific antigens as immunogens and show that only in very restricted circumstances can solubilized preparations administered without adjuvant induce immunoprotection in syngeneic hosts.
Mouse Mononuclear Cell Chemotaxis
Authors: Boumsell Laurence , Meltzer Monte S. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The chemotactic responses of peripheral blood monocytes and peritoneal macrophages to lymphocyte- and complement-derived stimuli were studied in vitro. Monocyte and macrophage chemotactic responses to these stimuli were different in both dose-response and time course. These differences provide a useful functional marker between these two cell populations.
C3 Nephritic Factor (C3NeF): Stabilization of Fluid Phase and Cell-Bound Alternative Pathway Convertase
Authors: Daha Mohamed R. , Fearon Douglas T. , Austen K. Frank 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
C3 nephritic factor (C3NeF) defined by the capacity of nephritic serum and its fractions to initiate loss of the B antigen of C3 in normal serum was purified from the serum of three different donors and shown to function by stabilization of membrane-bound and fluid phase alternative pathway C3 convertase. C3NeF converts cell-bound C3B̅ sites in a dose-related manner to C3B̅(NeF) sites, which exhibit and approximate 10-fold increase in half-life. The linear relationship between the C3NeF input and the residual hemolytic sites on EAC43B present after incubation for 20 min at 30°C, during which labile C3B̅ sites, have decayed, indicates that the number of residual C3B̅ sites is directly related to the dose of C3NeF. The capacity of C3NeF to stabilize the C3B̅ convertase in a temperature- and dose-dependent manner, which is independent of binding or consumption of C3NeF, in a fluid phase reaction mixture of 125I-B, 131I-C3, and D̄ permits isolation of a 10S complex containing radiolabeled C3 and B and exhibiting C3 convertase activity on an exogenous C3 source. Thus, the stabilizing effect of C3NeF is not limited to membrane-bound C3B̅ but is also sufficient to permit recovery of a fluid phase C3 convertase formed during the interaction of C3, B, and D̄.
Experimental Autoimmune Orchitis: in Vitro Induction of an Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Wekerle H. , Begemann M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) can be induced in vitro. Normal lymph node lymphocytes cultured with autologous dissociated testis cells form rosette-like aggregates and later undergo blast transformation and proliferation. These stimulated lymphocytes cause in vivo EAO lesions, when injected into syngeneic recipients. Moreover, their autoimmune reactivity can be monitored by an in vitro cytostasis assay. Density gradient analysis of the early lymphocyte-testis cultures reveals that the autoimmune reactive lymphocytes are enriched in the rosette populations. It therefore appears that testicular self-antigens are recognized by clonally preformed autologous lymphocytes.
C1q Inhibition of the Interaction of Collagen with Human Platelets
Authors: Cazenave J. -P. , Assimeh S. N. , Painter R. H. , Packham M. A. , Mustard J. F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human C1q, isolated in pure state after affinity chromatography on IgG-Sepharose, inhibited collagen-induced aggregation and release of 14C-Serotonin from prelabeled human platelets. Platelet aggregation induced by ADP or thrombin was not inhibited by C1q. Also, the adherence of platelets to glass surfaces was significantly diminished by C1q. In contrast, aggregated C1q mimicked the effect of collagen in causing platelet aggregation and release of serotonin. It appears that monomeric C1q, which has structural similarities to collagen competes with collagen for specific sites on the platelet surface.
A Properdin System Intermediate Formed by Zymosan and Serum at 0°C
Authors: Yukiyama Yasushi , Lew Frances T. , Waks Harriet S. , Osler Abraham G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The interaction of guinea pig or rat serum with Z at 0°C leads to the formation of a properdin pathway intermediate, ZPI, whose activity is assessed by its capacity to deplete the titer of cobra venom inducible lysis in diluted rat serum. The formation of ZPI does not require C1 or C2 and is not diminished by prior absorption of the serum with Z. In contrast, removal of P suppresses ZPI formation. Both Ca++ and Mg++ are essential cofactors for the formation of this intermediate whose function is abrogated in the presence of anti-C3, anti-P, but not by anti-Factor B. Since C4-deficient guinea pig serum is also effective in ZPI formation, the data suggest that ZPI is an alternative pathway intermediate containing both P and C3.
The Effect of Neonatal Rat Graft-vs-Host Disease (GVHD) on Fc Receptor Lymphocytes
Authors: Clancy John , Tønder Olav , Boettcher Carol E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The level of Fc receptor rosette-forming lymphocytes (Fc-RFL) was examined in spleen and lymph node cell suspensions from neonatal DA and BN rats inoculated within 24 hr of birth with either allogeneic L (experimental) or syngeneic (control) lymphoid cells. In addition, these levels were compared to fetal and neonatal animals that received no injection. The indicator cells (EA) were sheep erythrocytes sensitized with one-half the concentration of the highest dilution of rabbit anti-sheep erythrocyte IgG(A) which agglutinated an equal amount of a 1% suspension of E. Care was taken to exclude scoring macrophages by injecting colloidal carbon at least 1 hr before killing the test animals. The spleen of 19-day DA fetal rats exhibited a level of 19.3% Fc-RFL, similar to that of animals having received adult syngeneic cells at birth (40.0%) by day 7. Thereafter the level of Fc-RFL did not vary appreciably between these two groups. However, as early as 2 days after inoculation there was a significantly greater number of Fc-RFL in the spleen of experimental DA neonates compared to controls. The lymph nodes of experimental animals did not exhibit a significantly greater number of Fc-RFL until day 6 with both tissue compartments peaking at day 10 and remaining significantly higher than controls until death. In neonatal BN animals significantly higher levels of Fc-RFL in experimental animals were not evident as early and peaked later (day 12) in both tissue compartments but again these differences remained until dealth. Cytotoxic alloantisera demonstrated that on days 6, 10, and 12 most, if not all, of the Fc-RFL were host in origion in both DA and BN GVHD, with a very significant host plasma cell response in such GVHD animals. One-micron tissue section revealed the presence of a great number of plasma cells especially prominent in the medulla of lymph nodes with the cortex of lymph nodes and white pulp of the spleen markedly depleted of lymphocytes indicative of cytotoxicity.
Age-Dependent Changes in Sensitivity to Antigen: Its Relationship with the Antigen Processing System
Authors: Carter Brian G. , Rector Edward S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The relationship between the antigen processing or accessory cell system and the maturation, with age, of antibody-producing capability was investigated in the mouse. This was done by analyzing the antibody responses given by immunocompetent cells from neonatal and from adult mice in an identical antigen-processing system environment. Specifically, 4 × 107 normal spleen cells from either 12-day-old or adult mice were challenged with varying numbers of SRC in adult irradiated syngeneic recipients. The subsequent IgM and IgG2a PFC responses for both age groups were analyzed in terms of antigen dose-antibody response curves. Analyses of these curves indicate: 1) the dose of antigen required to elicit the optimal antibody response is essentially identical for both age groups and (2) the bandwidths obtained using neonatal donors are significantly narrower than those obtained with adult donors. Whereas, intact neonatal and adult mice exhibit differences in antigen optimal doses, these differences are eliminated when the immunocompetent cells are stimulated in the presence of identical antigenprocessing systems. It is concluded that maturation of the antigen-processing system results in an increased sensitivity to antigen. Examination of the bandwidths of the dose-response curves revealed that immunocompetent cells from the young mice, either in situ or in adult irradiated recipients exhibited narrower bandwidths than did their adult counterparts. Thus, the increase in bandwidth observed with age is attributed to changes in the population of immunocompetent cells—perhaps a reflection of increased diversity, and is not due to the antigenprocessing system.
Quantitation of the antigen-processing function using accessory cell-depleted and partially restored mice indicated that when IgG responses were compared a higher frequency of accessory cells was demonstrated in adult spleens as opposed to neonatal spleens.
A Thermostable Antigen Characteristic for Carcinogen-Induced Rat Intestinal Tumors
Authors: Abeyounis C. John , Milgrom Felix 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Precipitation tests using properly absorbed rabbit antisera revealed that PCA extracts of DMH-induced rat jejunal and colonic adenocarcinomas contain an antigen that is not detectable in extracts of normal rat tissue or other rat tumors. This rat tumor antigen was detected in extracts of normal rat colon by employing the much more sensitive procedure of tanned cell hemagglutination inhibition, however, the concentration of the antigen in tumor was about 250-fold higher than in normal colon.
Similar to human CEA, the rat tumor antigen was found to be heat stable, contained glycoprotein, migrated as a β-globulin, and appeared at a high concentration in fetal intestines, however, the rat tumor antigen was serologically distinct from human CEA.
Regulation of Helper Cell Activity by Specifically Adsorbable T Lymphocytes
Authors: Rubin Bent 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mice immunized with soluble proteins such as human serum albumin (HSA) or ovalbumin (OA) develop in their spleens antigen-specific T and B lymphocytes. These populations of lymphocytes can be separated from each other by different means; e.g., treatment with anti-θ antiserum and complement removes selectively T lymphocytes, whereas passage through glass bead columns coated with mouse immunoglobulin (Ig): anti-Ig complexes creates a relatively pure population of T lymphocytes. During the course of such separation studies it was observed that the helper capacity of HSA (or OA) immune mouse spleen cells after Ig:anti-Ig column passage frequently was higher than expected from the enrichment in θ-positive cells. In addition, after adsorption onto antigen coated Bio-Gel beads this effect was even more pronounced, i.e., and increase in the relative helper capacity of about 3 or 4 times compared with an increase in the content of θ-positive cells from about 30% to 40 to 50% after adsorption.
The present results will demonstrate that the increased helper capacity was a specific phenomenon which was regulated by θ-positive cells. The regulatory cells specifically adsorbed onto antigen-coated Bio-Gel beads have not been successfully eluted by EDTA or excess-free antigen so far, and they were still adsorbed after pre-incubation with anti-Ig antibodies under conditions where specific B lymphocyte adsorption was almost prevented.
Regulation of the Antibody Response to Type III Pneumococcal Polysaccharide
Authors: Morse Herbert C. , Prescott Benjamin , Cross Sue S. , Stashak Philip W. , Baker Phillip J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mice of different ages were evaluated with respect to their ability to give a plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to Type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SSS-III), as well as the degree of amplifier and suppressor thymus-derived (T) cell activity present. Although the magnitude of the PFC response to an optimally immunogenic dose of SSS-III for 2- and 3-week old mice was only 7% and 14%, respectively, of that produced by adult (8-week old) mice, values comparable to those of adult animals were attained by 4 weeks of age; no significant changes in the ability to respond to SSS-III occurred thereafter. Amplifier T cell activity, which was minimal at 2 to 4 weeks of age, matured slowly and did not reach a maximum until 8 to 10 weeks of age. By contrast, suppressor T cell activity appeared to be fully developed at least as early as 2 weeks of age; here, the inhibitory effects produced could be abrogated by depletion of T cells, indicating that the unresponsiveness induced by such cells does not result in the depletion or irreversible inactivation of B cells capable of responding to SSS-III. These findings suggest that the inhibitory effects of suppressor T cells are predominant in young mice and that such cells may play an important role in determining the ease with which unresponsiveness is induced in neonates, and in the prevention of autoimmune disease. Also, studies conducted with adult-thymectomized mice showed that both amplifier and suppressor T cells, once seeded to the periphery, are stable and do not depend upon the presence of intact thymus for the expression or renewal of their activity.