bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shell evolution and emerging paradigm changes
Authors: Otsuka Takaharu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The shell structure conceived by Mayer and Jensen in 1949 has been shown to be quite appropriate for stable and near-stable nuclei, but substantial deviations from it have also been observed more recently for exotic nuclei with notable neutron excess. Such changes of the basic picture of the nuclear shell structure, called the shell evolution, seem to be the subject studied most extensively and most elaborately by RI beam experiments worldwide. An overview of the shell evolution is presented in this talk, from both theoretical and experimental perspectives. The shell structure is shown to be varied, for instance, from the one presented by Mayer and Jensen, by particular types of the monopole components of the effective nucleon-nucleon interaction in nuclei. Among various contributions, the importance of the tensor force is illuminated here, with an outstanding example: the emergence of new neutron magic number 34 in neutron-rich Ca isotopes. The mechanism of the shell evolution produces significant impacts also on the nuclear shapes. Type II shell evolution shifts the excitation energies of intruder deformed bands, for instance, in some Ni isotopes. In other more general cases, the monopole interaction is shown to produce unexpected crucial effects on the patters of rotational bands of heavy deformed nuclei. In fact, the shape of the ellipsoidal deformation is investigated by large-scale shell model calculations, which is nothing but the Monte Carlo Shell Model. The unique role of the monopole component of the tensor force is clarified: the interplay between this monopole interaction and the quadrupole interaction provides us with various patterns of triaxial shapes for many nuclei, such as 166Er, one of the traditional prolate deformed heavy nuclei. Thus, the prolate preponderance hypothesis by Aage Bohr is investigated for its microscopic validity. Some of the nuclear paradigms are changing now in this way, due to emerging aspects of nuclear-force effects.
The mass of odd-odd nuclei in microscopic mass models
Authors: Ryssens W. , Scamps G. , Grams G. , Kullmann I. , Bender M. , Goriely S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Accurate estimates of the binding energy of nuclei far from stability that cannot be produced in the laboratory are crucial to our understanding of nuclear processes in astrophysical scenarios. Models based on energy density functionals have shown that they are capable of reproducing all known masses with root-mean-square error better than 800 keV, while retaining a firm microscopic foundation. However, it was recently pointed out in [M. Hukkanen et al., arXiv:2210.10674] that the recent BSkG1 model fails to account for a contribution to the binding energy that is specific to odd-odd nuclei, and which can be studied by using appropriate mass difference formulas. We analyse here the (lacking) performance of three recent microscopic mass models with respect to such formulas and examine possibilities to remedy this deficiency in the future.
New γ-ray production cross sections for the 4.439 and 6.129 MeV lines of 12C and 16O. Astrophysical implications
Authors: Ouichaoui S. , Rahma Y. , Kiener J. , Lawrie E. A. , Lawrie J.J. , Tatischeff V. , Belhout A. , Moussa D. , Yahia-Cherif W. , Benhabiles-Mezhoud H. , Bucher T. D. , Dinoko T. R. S. , Chafa A. , Conradie J. L. , Damache S. , Debabi M. , Deloncle I. , Easton J. L. , Fouka M. , Hamadache C. , Hammache F. , Jones P. , Kheswa B. V. , Khumalo N. A. , Lamula T. , Majola S. N. T. , Ndayishimye J. , Negi D. , Noncolela S. P. , Ouziane S. , Papka P. , Peterson S. , Kumar Raju M. , Ramanathan V. , Rebeiro B. M. , de Séréville N. , Sharpey-Schafer J. F. , Shirinda O. , Wiedeking M. , Wyngaardt S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Gamma-ray line production cross sections from nuclear reactions induced by 30 - 200 MeV protons on natC and Mylar targets have been measured at the SSC facility of iThemba LABS. Results for the 4.439 and 6.129 MeV prominent lines of 12C and 16O of astrophysical concern are reported and discussed.
Electron screening in the 2H(19F,p)20F reaction
Authors: Cvetinović A. , Đeorđić D. , Guardo G. L. , Kelemen M. , La Cognata M. , Lamia L. , Markelj S. , Pizzone R. G. , Schwarz-Selinger T. , Tišma I. , Vencelj M. , Vesić J. , Lipoglavšek M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The dependence of electron screening potential on the position of the target nucleus in host-material lattice was investigated by measuring the rate of the 2H(19F,p)20F reaction in zirconium, titanium and palladium targets containing deuterium. Very different values of the screening potential were measured, thus showing the link with the valence electron densities around deuterium nuclei.
Using (α, xn) reaction rates and abundance ratios to constrain the weak r-process
Authors: Psaltis Athanasios , Arcones Almudena , Avila Melina L. , Hansen Camilla Juul , Jacobi Maximilian , Lombardo Linda , Meisel Zach , Mohr Peter , Montes Fernando , Ong Wei Jia , Schatz Hendrik 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The lighter heavy elements of the first r-process peak, between strontium and silver, can be synthesized in the moderately neutron-rich neutrino–driven ejecta of either core–collapse supernovae or neutron star mergers via the weak r–process. This nucleosynthesis scenario exhibits uncertainties from the absence of experimental data from (α, xn) reactions on neutron–rich nuclei, which are currently based on statistical model estimates. We have performed a new impact study to identify the most important (α, xn) reactions that can affect the production of the lighter heavy elements under different astrophysical conditions and using new, constrained (α, xn) reaction rates based on the Atomki-V2 αOMP. We have identified a list of relevant reactions that affect elemental abundance ratios that can be compared to abundances from metal-poor stars. Our results show how when reducing the nuclear physics uncertainties, we can use abundance ratios to constrain the astrophysical conditions/environment. This will be possible with the planned experiments to measure key (α, xn) reaction rates using the SECAR recoil separator at FRIB that will also be briefly discussed.
The r-process and νp-process in CCSNe, collapsars, hypernovae and mergers, and their effect on galactic chemical evolution
Authors: Mathews G. J. , Yamazaki Y. , Sasaki H. , Kajino T. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In spite of many years of effort, some aspects of the origin and evolution of heavy elements in nature are yet to be understood. Here, we overview the current status of models for the formation of both r-process and νp-process elements. We summarize recent state-of the art developments of supernova and binary neutron star evolution in both r-process and νp-process nucleosynthesis. In particular, we highlight two recent recent works detailing the emerging evidence for the important role of hypernovae (energetic supernovae) and collapsars (jets from the collapse of massive stars to a black hole). These studies illuminate how such events may play a key role in the origin and early explosive nucleosynthesis and evolution of some heavy-elements.
58Ni(3He,t)58Cu*(γ) measurements with GODDESS to constrain the astrophysical rate of 57Ni(p,γ)58Cu
Authors: Carmichael S R , Pain S D , Siciliano M , Allen J , Bardayan D W , Boomershine C , Campbell C M , Carpenter M P , Chipps K A , Cizewski J A , Copp P A , Forson J , Garland H , Ghirmire R , Kovoor J , Lauritsen T , Müller-Gatermann C , O’Malley P D , Ratkiewicz A , Reviol W , Seweryniak D , Sims H , Ummel C C , Wilson G 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The observation of γ rays from the decay of 44Ti in the remnants of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) provides crucial information regarding the nucleosynthesis occurring in these events, as 44Ti production is sensitive to CCSNe conditions. The final abundance of 44Ti is also sensitive to specific nuclear input parameters, one of which is the 57Ni(p,γ)58Cu reaction rate. A precise rate for 57Ni(p,γ)58Cu is thus critical if 44Ti production is to be an effective probe into CCSNe. To experimentally constrain the 57Ni(p,γ)58Cu rate, the structure properties of 58Cu were measured via the 58Ni(3He,t)58Cu*(γ) reaction using GODDESS (GRETINA ORRUBA Dual Detectors for Experimental Structure Studies) at Argonne National Laboratory’s ATLAS facility. Details of the experiment, ongoing analysis, and plans are presented.
Photon strength functions from (p,γ) reactions
Authors: Netshiya A. A. , Wiedeking M. , Pellegri L. , Malatji K. L. , Jongile S. , Papka P. , Kheswa N. , Adsley P. , Jones P. , Donaldson L. , Chisapi M. V. , Sithole M. A. , Qhobosheane S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The 50Cr(p,γ)51Mn proton capture reaction has been used to study the photon strength functions by utilizing primary gamma ray transitions from the entry states to discrete states of known spins and parities. The reaction was conducted with the 3 MV Tandetron accelerator at iThemba LABS which delivered proton beams of 2.5 to 2.740, 2.760 to 3.0 MeV and 3.675 to 4.498 MeV in intervals of 20-25 keV with beam currents of up to 5 μA. In this work the proton capture reaction was employed together with the Average Resonance Capture method to extract the shape of the PSF of 51Mn.
Nuclear physics inputs for dense-matter modelling in neutron stars. The nuclear equation of state
Authors: Fantina Anthea Francesca , Gulminelli Francesca 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this contribution, we briefly present the equation-of-state modelling for application to neutron stars and discuss current constraints coming from nuclear physics theory and experiments. To assess the impact of model uncertainties, we employ a nucleonic meta-modelling approach and perform a Bayesian analysis to generate posterior distributions for the equation of state with filters accounting for both our present low-density nuclear physics knowledge and high-density neutron-star physics constraints. The global structure of neutron stars thus predicted is discussed in connection with recent astrophysical observations.
The D(p,γ)3H reaction at LUNA: implications in cosmology, particle physics and theoretical nuclear physics
Authors: Gustavino Carlo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The D(p,γ)3He cross section at low energies affects the primordial deuterium abundance, that in turn depends on fundamental cosmological parameters such as the baryon density and the amount of relativistic particles permeating the early universe. This paper discusses a new measurement of the D(p,γ)3He cross-section in the 30-280 keV energy range, performed at the Gran Sasso Laboratory (LNGS) with the LUNA facility. This measurement provides a new determination of the universal baryon density at the BBN epoch Ωb(BBN) with improved accuracy, in excellent agreement with the baryon density value derived from the Cosmic Microwave Background data Ωb(CMB). Furthermore, the LUNA result allows to better constrain the existence of dark radiation, i.e. the amount of light particles not considered in the standard model of particle physics, such as sterile neutrinos or hot axions. This paper also discusses the results of a new analysis showing that the D(p,γ)3He differential cross section is in excellent agreement with recent ab-initio theoretical calculations.
Measuring response functions for a new compact neutron spectrometer
Authors: Jarvie E , Buffler A , Hutton T , Ndabeni Z , Nndanganeni R , Vandevoorde C 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A compact neutron spectrometer consisting of a (0.6 x 0.6 x 12.0 cm3) EJ-276 plastic scintillator coupled to a silicon photomultiplier has been designed. An essential aspect of the characterisation of the spectrometer is the measurement of detector response functions for neutron energies above 20 MeV. The process of producing response functions for neutron energies between 10 MeV and 60 MeV for the compact detector using neutron time-of-flight measurements at iThemba LABS is presented.
Evaluation of neutron radiation damage on gold microstructure using MCNP
Authors: Temaugee S T , Bedhesi L , Mavunda R D , Connell S H , Daniels G C , Usman I T 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The effects of radiation interaction with materials have been studied over the years on metals, semiconductors, and other alloys. The result of these interactions constitutes microstructural effects, like point defects, dislocation loops, and void swellings. The accumulation of these defects results to damage on the macroscopic scale. This study is aimed to predict the magnitude of radiation damage in gold sample due to neutron irradiation. Neutron flux, displacement-per-atom rate, as well as heat deposition, were calculated in MCNP6.2, using the SAFARI-1 reactor model. The total neutron flux and dpa rate in the gold sample were determined to be 2.262 × 1011 n.cm−2.s−1 and 5.209 × 10−7 s−1 respectively. Also, the total heat deposition due to neutrons and photons was 2.515 × 10−6 W.g−1 and 0.513 W.g−1, respectively. Hence, the predicted neutron dpa and flux for the gold sample in this study suggest a heavy damage regime.
Comparing film measurements and Monte Carlo simulations of dose delivered in a pelvic phantom with titanium hip prosthesis
Authors: Dumela K E , Oderinde O M , Usman I T 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
An increasing number of elderly prostate cancer patients with high-density material hip prostheses are referred for external beam Radiotherapy (EBRT). Radiation treatment of pelvis cancer patients with high-density hip prostheses needs special attention due to the artifacts created in the computed tomography (CT) field of view and the radiotherapy dosimetry challenges. This study investigated the pelvic prostate point dose with and without titanium hip prosthesis using a 0.6 cc PTW Farmer ionization chamber, EBT3 Gafchromic films, compared with the EGSnrc Monte Carlo (MC) simulation dose distribution. The doses were measured and simulated in a locally made pelvic phantom. MC and measured doses were compared with the Treatment Planning System (TPS) calculated prostate point dose. The ionization chamber, EBT3 Gafchromic films, and MC doses have a maximum deviation of 6.3 %, 5.7 %, and 7.4 % for 6 MV and 4.2 %, 4.7 %, and 5.5 % for 15 MV photon beam, respectively, when compared with TPS calculated dose. There is a significant difference between the prostate point dose measured with ionization chamber, EBT3 Gafchromic film in comparison MC simulated doses. The MC simulation dose shows the highest deviation especially on the lateral field passing through the prosthesis.
Networked Sensing for Radiation Detection, Localization, and Tracking
Authors: Cooper R.J. , Abgrall N. , Aversano G. , Bandstra M.S. , Hellfeld D. , Joshi T.H. , Negut V. , Quiter B.J. , Rofors E. , Salathe M. , Vetter K. , Beckman P. , Catlett C. , Ferrier N. , Kim Y. , Sankaran R. , Shahkarami S. , Amitkumar S. , Ayton E. , Kim J. , Volkova S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The detection, identification, and localization of illicit radiological and nuclear material continue to be key components of nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security efforts around the world. Networks of radiation detectors deployed at strategic locations in urban environments have the potential to provide continuous radiological/nuclear (R/N) surveillance and provide high probabilities of intercepting threat sources. The integration of contextual information from sensors such as video, Lidar, and meteorological sensors can provide significantly enhanced situational awareness, and improved detection and localization performance through the fusion of the radiological and contextual data. In this work, we present details of our work to establish a city-scale multi-sensor network testbed for intelligent, adaptive R/N detection in urban environments, and develop new techniques that enable city-scale source detection, localization, and tracking.
A multimodal neutron-based technique for the elemental analysis of materials in bulk
Authors: Mhlongo S , Buffler A , Hutton T , Ndabeni Z 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Neutrons and gamma rays are effective probes for the elemental characterisation of bulk samples. Neutrons interactions with matter are characteristic of the nature of the target nucleus, and the incident neutron energy. Most nuclides exhibit distinctive structure in their total and differential cross sections, thus elements can be differentiated via their total, elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections, and the energies of prompt gamma rays produced in inelastic collisions. In this work we report on the use of the fast neutron transmission analysis technique for the analysis of 12C in graphite. We also present results of prompt gamma ray neutron activation analysis of graphite using 14 MeV neutrons, which was explored for the purpose of developing a multimodal neutron-based technique for elemental analysis of materials in bulk.
47Sc production with proton beams on isotopically enriched 48Ti and 49Ti targets
Authors: Dominicis L De , Mou L , Cisternino S , Campostrini M , Rigato V , Nigron E , Haddad F , Pupillo G 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The theranostic emerging radionuclide 47Sc is under the spotlight of the scientific community due to its medically favorable decay characteristics (t1/2 =3.3492 d, Eγ=159.381 keV, E
β−, mean
=162.0 keV) for both the diagnostic and treatment procedures. In the framework of the LaRAMED (LAboratory of RAdionuclides for MEDicine) program at INFN-LNL (National Institute of Nuclear Physics-Legnaro National Laboratories), the investigation of the possible 47Sc production routes using a 70 MeV proton beam is one of the goals of the REMIX (Research on Emerging Medical radIonuclides from the X-sections) project, funded by INFN for the years 2021-2023. Since the LARAMED bunkers are currently under completion, experiments are performed in collaboration with the GIP ARRONAX facility (Nantes, France), where a 70 MeV multi-particle cyclotron is operational. In this work, the cross-section measurements using enriched 48,49Ti targets are reported and the results presented in comparison to the previous literature data, when available. The 47Sc excitation functions are analyzed in relation to the contaminants’ ones since the co-produced radionuclides can affect the dose delivered to a patient. 46Sc cross-section curves are mainly taken into account since 46Sc cannot be chemically separated from 47Sc and its half-life (t1/2=83.79 d) is longer than the 47Sc one (t1/2=3.3492 d).
Density-modified tracers for positron emission particle tracking
Authors: van Heerden M , Buffler A , Cole K , Leadbeater T 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) is a powerful non-invasive technique used to study the underlying dynamics of granular and multiphase flowing systems. The essence of PEPT is to attach (chemically or otherwise) sufficient positron-emitting radioisotope to a particle chosen as representative of the bulk material under study, and hence used as a flow-following tracer. We report on standardised methods for creating density-modified tracer particles to expand the range of applications feasible to research with the PEPT technique.
The NUMEN project: probing nuclear response to weak interaction by nuclear reactions
Authors: Carbone D , Agodi C , Bellone J I , Burrello S , Calabrese S , Cappuzzello F , Cavallaro M , Colonna M , De Gregorio G , Ferreira J L , Gargano A , Lenske H , Sgouros O , Spatafora A , Acosta L , Amador-Valenzuela P , Brischetto G A , Calvo D , Capirossi V , Chàvez Lomelì E R , Ciraldo I , Delaunay F , Djapo H , Eke C , Finocchiaro P , Firat S , Fisichella M , Guazzelli M A , Hacisalihoglu A , Iazzi F , Lay J A , Linares R , Lubian J , Medina N H , Moralles M , Oliveira J R B , Pakou A , Pandola L , Petrascu H , Pinna F , Russo G , Solakci S O , Soukeras V , Souliotis G , Torresi D , Tudisco S , Yildirim A , Zagatto V A B ,   on behalf of the
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Different reactions channels induced by the 18O + 40Ca collisions at 275 MeV incident energy are simultaneously measured and analysed consistently within the same reaction and structure frameworks within the NUMEN project. The project aims to provide data-driven information for the determination of the nuclear matrix elements involved in the neutrinoless double beta decay. In particular, the elastic and inelastic scattering, one- and two-proton transfer, one-neutron transfer, and single charge exchange reactions are explored. The full quantum-mechanical calculations, performed by including microscopic nuclear structure inputs, describe well all the experimental data, giving support to a multi-channel strategy for the analysis of heavy-ion induced direct reactions.
Laser isotope separation to study for the neutrino-less double beta decay of 48Ca
Authors: Ogawa I , Hiraiwa T , Nakajima J , Yuhaku R , Tozawa M , Niki H , Tokita S , Miyanaga N , Uemukai M , Rittirong A , Umehara S , Matsuoka K , Yoshida S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The laser isotope separation (LIS) system is being developed for the study of neutrino-less double beta decay of 48Ca. A proof-of-principle experiment has been successfully conducted, and development of a mass production (∼1 mol/year) system is currently underway. For stable and efficient production, we are preparing an atomic beam system capable of producing a well-collimated beam with sufficient flux and a high-power semiconductor laser system with stable frequency over a long period of time.
Monitored neutrino beams and the next generation of high precision cross section experiments
Authors: Branca A , Acerbi F , Angelis I , Bomben L , Bonesini M , Bramati F , Brizzolari C , Brunetti G , Calviani M , Capelli S , Carturan S , Catanesi M G , Cecchini S , Charitonidis N , Cindolo F , Cogo G , Collazuol G , Dal Corso F , Delogu C , De Rosa G , Falcone A , Goddard B , Gola A , Halić L , Iacob F , Jollet C , Kain V , Klicek B , Kudenko Y , Lampoudis Ch , Laveder M , Longhin A , Ludovici L , Lutsenko E , Magaletti L , Mandrioli G , Margotti A , Mascagna V , Mauri N , Meazza L , Meregaglia A , Mezzetto M , Nessi M , Paoloni A , Pari M , Parozzi E G , Pasqualini L , Paternoster G , Patrizii L , Pozzato M , Prest M , Pupilli F , Radicioni E , Ruggeri A C , Sampsonidis D , Scian C , Sirri G , Stipcevic M , Tenti M , Terranova F , Torti M , Tzamarias S E , Vallazza E , Velotti F , Votano L 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The main source of systematic uncertainty on neutrino cross section measurements at the GeV scale originates from the poor knowledge of the initial flux. The reduction of this uncertainty to 1% can be achieved through the monitoring of charged leptons produced in association with neutrinos. The goal of the ENUBET ERC project is to prove the feasibility of such a monitored neutrino beam. In this contribution, the final results of the ERC project, together with the complete assessment of the feasibility of its concept, are presented. An overview of the detector technology for a next generation of high precision neutrino-nucleus cross section measurements, to be performed with the ENUBET neutrino beam, is also given.
Overview of Solar Neutrino Experiments
Authors: Bagdasarian Zara 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Solar neutrinos have played a major historic role in the development of neutrino physics and understanding of the fusion processes in the Sun. Neutrino experiments worldwide continue to measure neutrinos originating in the core of the Sun in the search for new insights. Recent years have marked the discovery of the carbon-nitrogen-oxygen fusion cycle, tackling the Sun metallicity problem, and the search for physics beyond the Standard Model.