bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Western Australia remote aeromedical substance use disorders outcomes
Authors: Faint Nicholas , Coleman Mathew , Spring Breeanna , Richardson Alice , Thornton Ashleigh , Bacon Donna , Kumaradevan Santharajah , Gardiner Fergus W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionSubstance use disorders (SUDs) cause significant harm to regional Australians, who are more likely to misuse alcohol and other drugs (AODs) and encounter difficulty in accessing treatment services. The primary aims of this study were to describe the demographics of patients aeromedically retrieved from regional locations and compare hospital outcomes with a metropolitan‐based cohort.AimsRetrospective case‐controlled cohort study. Participants were aeromedically retrieved within Western Australia for SUDs between 1 July 2014 and 30 June 2019. Retrieved patients were case‐matched based on age and hospital discharge diagnosis. Descriptive statistics and χ2 analysis were used to summarise the findings.ResultsOne hundred thirty‐six (91.3%) aeromedical retrievals were found, with the majority being male (n = 95; 69.9%). These were case‐matched to 427 metropolitan patients, the majority male (n = 321; 75.2%). Retrieved patients were more likely (all P < 0.05) Indigenous (odds ratio [OR], 9.35 [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.96–14.85]), unemployed (OR, 2.9 [95% CI, 1.41–6.80]), referred to a tertiary hospital (OR, 2.18 [95% CI, 1.24–3.86]) and to stay longer in hospital (OR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.02–1.14]).DiscussionFindings highlight that unmarried and/or unemployed males were overrepresented in the retrieval group, with over half identifying as Indigenous. Regional variation in retrievals was noted, while amphetamine‐type stimulants featured prominently in the retrieval cohort, who experienced longer hospital stays and more restrictive treatment.ConclusionsComparing clinical outcomes for retrieved regional patients experiencing SUDs, service design and delivery should focus on offering culturally safe care for Indigenous people, catering for regional health care catchment areas, while ideally adopting collaborative and integrated approaches between AODs and mental health services.
Automated insulin delivery among adults with type 1 diabetes for up to 2 years: a real‐world, multicentre study
Authors: Donaldson Laura E. , Fourlanos Spiros , Vogrin Sara , MacIsaac Richard J. , Colman Peter G. , McAuley Sybil A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsAutomated insulin delivery (AID) improves glycaemia among people with type 1 diabetes in clinical trials and overseas real‐world studies. Whether improvements are sustained beyond 12 months in the real world, and whether they occur in the Australian context, has not yet been established. We aimed to observe, up to 2 years, the effectiveness of initiating first‐generation AID for type 1 diabetes management.MethodsRetrospective, real‐world, observational study using medical records, conducted across five sites in Australia. Adults with type 1 diabetes, who had AID initiated between February 2019 and December 2021, were observed for 6–24 months after initiation (until June 2022). Outcomes examined included glucose metrics assessed by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), safety and therapy continuation.ResultsNinety‐four adults were studied (median age 39 years (interquartile range, IQR: 31–51); pre‐initiation HbA1c 7.8% (7.2–8.6)). After AID initiation, HbA1c decreased by mean 0.5 percentage points (95% confidence interval (CI): −0.7 to −0.2) at 3 months (P < 0.001); CGM time in range 3.9–10.0 mmol/L increased by 11 percentage points (9–14) at 1 month (P < 0.001); these improvements were maintained up to 24 months (all P < 0.02). Median CGM time below 3.9 mmol/L was <1.5% pre‐ and post‐AID initiation. The subgroup with pre‐initiation HbA1c above 8.5% had the greatest HbA1c improvement (−1.4 percentage points (−1.8 to −1.1) at 3 months). Twelve individuals (13%) discontinued AID, predominantly citing difficulties with CGM. During the 150 person‐years observed, four diabetes‐related emergencies were documented: three severe hypoglycaemic events and one hyperglycaemic event without ketoacidosis.ConclusionsEarly glucose improvements were observed after real‐world AID initiation, sustained up to 2 years, without excess adverse events. The greatest benefits were observed among individuals with highest glycaemia before initiation. Future‐generation systems with increased user‐friendliness may enhance therapy continuation.
Rheumatology specialist care delivered at the Southern QLD Centre of Excellence in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Primary Health Care
Authors: Grosman Sergei , Tesiram Joanne , Hayman Noel , Benham Helen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited literature on the prevalence of rheumatologic conditions in Australian First Nations people. Existing evidence suggests a high disease burden with poorer outcomes. In 2016 a rheumatology clinic was established at The Southern Queensland Centre of Excellence in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Primary Health Care (CoE).AimsTo improve knowledge of rheumatic diseases presentations in an urban First Nations cohort and to assess the effectiveness of the CoE clinic.MethodsData on attendance, diagnosis, treatment and demographics were obtained retrospectively from clinical records at the CoE from 2016 to 2020. Administrative attendance data for the largest public general rheumatology clinic in the region for the 4 years preceding the establishment of the CoE clinic were used as a historic cohort control.ResultsA cohort of 93 patients was seen at the CoE with 439 appointments compared to 207 in the historical control. Common diagnoses were osteoarthritis (24%), seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (17%), gout (13%) and spondyloarthropathies (10%). Forty per cent of the cohort at CoE were treated with at least one disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) and 12% with a biologic or targeted synthetic DMARD. Seventy‐five per cent of appointments were attended versus 71% in control group. Adjusted odds ratio of attendance was 1.35 (P = 0.07).ConclusionsProvision of rheumatology specialty care in an urban primary health setting aimed specifically at the needs of First Nations people led to increased uptake and engagement. A broad range of rheumatologic diagnoses was made and significant DMARD treatments commenced.
Conflict of interest policies at Australian medical schools
Authors: Hooimeyer Ashleigh , Lines Travis , Mirzaei Janet , Pande Preshita , Ganeshamoorthy Sylviya , Fabbri Alice , Parker Lisa , Dunn Adam G. , Mintzes Barbara 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPharmaceutical industry exposure is widespread during medical training and may affect education and clinical decision‐making. Medical faculties' conflict of interest (COI) policies help to limit this exposure and protect students against commercial influence.AimsOur aim was to investigate the prevalence, content and strength of COI policies at Australian medical schools and changes since a previous assessment conducted in 2009.MethodsWe identified policies by searching medical school and host university websites in January 2021, and contacted deans to identify any missed policies. We applied a modified version of a scorecard developed in previous studies to examine the content of COI policies. All data were coded in duplicate. COI policies were rated on a scale from 0 (no policy) to 2 (strong policy) across 11 items per medical school. Oversight mechanisms and sanctions were also assessed, and current policies were compared with the 2009 study.ResultsOf 155 potentially relevant policies, 153 were university‐wide and two were specific to medical schools. No policies covered sales representatives, on‐site sponsored education or free samples. Oversight of consultancies had improved substantially, with 76% of schools requiring preapproval. Disclosure policies, while usually present, were weak, with no public disclosure required.ConclusionWe found little indication that Australian medical students are protected from commercial influence on medical education, and there has been limited COI policy development within the past decade. More attention is needed to ensure the independence of medical education in Australia.
Combining local branching and descent method for solving the multiple‐choice knapsack problem with setups
Authors: Boukhari Samah , Hifi Mhand 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the multiple‐choice knapsack problem with setups is tackled with an iterative method, where both local branching and descent method cooperate. First, an iterative procedure is designed for solving a series of mixed integer programming problems combined with a special reduced subproblem; that is, a combined model built by injecting some valid cardinality constraints. Second, the local branching‐based learning strategy is embedded into an iterative search to mimic the variable neighborhood descent method, such that the local branching strategy drives the search process for enhancing the quality of the solutions. Third, the proposed method is experimentally analyzed on benchmark instances extracted from the literature, where its provided (lower) bounds are compared to those reached by methods published in the literature and the Cplex solver. Finally, its performance is evaluated by providing a statistical analysis.
Data‐driven distributionally robust supplier selection and order allocation problems considering carbon emissions
Authors: Dong Qiandong , Yuan Yichao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnder the constraints of uncertainty and carbon emission policies, reasonable and flexible supplier selection and order allocation can minimize the total cost, which is of great significance to the supply chain. We study sustainable supplier selection and order allocation problems with multiple periods, multiple suppliers, and multiple products under a carbon cap‐and‐trade policy. We exploit distributionally robust versions of supplier selection and order allocation problems with an explicit distributional uncertainty set and derive computationally tractable reformulations of the distributionally robust optimization model with chance constraints by cone duality theory and conditional value‐at‐risk measure. Numerical experiments show that the proposed distributionally robust optimization models with nice computational tractability and probability guarantees are superior to the existing distributionally robust chance‐constrained optimization models in terms of cost and risk aversion. Relevant management insights on different carbon emission regulations and the application of distributionally robust optimization models are provided for policymakers and enterprises' decision‐makers based on the derived results.
Diacerein modulates TLR4/ NF‐κB/IL‐1β and TRPC1/CHOP signalling pathways in gentamicin‐induced parotid toxicity in rats
Authors: Ali Dalia Mohamed , Mahmoud Mohamed H. , Rifaai Rehab Ahmed , Fawzy Michael Atef , Atta Medhat , Welson Nermeen N. , Batiha Gaber El‐Saber , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios , Abdelzaher Walaa Yehia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe present study aimed to identify the possible protective effect of diacerein (DIA) on gentamicin (GNT)‐induced parotid toxicity in rats. DIA was administered in the presence and absence of GNT. Thirty‐two Wistar adult male rats were randomly arranged into four groups: control, DIA (50 mg/kg/day), GNT (100 mg/kg) and GNT+DIA groups for 8 days. Parotid oxidative stress parameters, besides inflammatory and apoptotic biomarkers, were evaluated. Salivary flow rate, transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRCP1), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in parotid tissue were measured. A parotid histopathological examination and an interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) immunohistochemical study were also performed. GNT significantly increased parotid oxidative stress, inflammatory, apoptotic and CHOP biomarkers with decreased salivary flow rate and TRCP1 level. A histopathological picture of parotid damage and high IL‐1β immunoexpression were detected. DIA significantly normalized the distributed oxidative, inflammatory and apoptotic indicators, CHOP and TRCP1, with a prompt improvement in the histopathological picture and a decrease in IL‐1β immunoexpression. These results reported that DIA protects against GNT‐induced parotid toxicity via modulation of TLR4/NF‐κB/IL‐1β and TRPC1/CHOP signalling pathways.
‘There will be no law, or people to protect us’: Irregular Southeast Asian seasonal workers in Taiwan before and during the pandemic
Authors: Cockel Isabelle , Zani Beatrice , Parhusip Jonathan S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the everyday lived realities of Southeast Asian migrant workers who left the formal sector of the labour market and entered the informal agricultural sector before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Taiwan. Drawing on observations of migrants' daily lives and farm work and 19 in‐depth interviews, it delves into migrants' subjective experiences of vulnerability, paternalism, exploitation, and control at work due to a lack of legal protection and the illegality of their employment. Although the literature has identified a link between ‘running away’ from formal employment and seeking freedom, this research suggests a continuum between experiences of work in the formal and informal economic sectors. The paper sheds new light on mobility, work, illegality, and informality and how these have constantly shaped ‘runaway’ workers' subjective experiences of freedom and unfreedom during the pandemic.
Genetic admixture of Chinese Tajik people inferred from genome‐wide array genotyping and mitochondrial genome sequencing
Authors: Zhao Jing , Wu Qiao , Bai Xin-Hong , Allen Edward , Wang Meng-Ge , He Guang-Lin , Guo Jian-Xin , Yang Xiao-Min , Xiong Jian-Xue , Jiang Zi-Xi , Ji Xiao-Yan , Wang Hui , Tan Jing-Ze , Wen Shao-Qing , Wang Chuan‐Chao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChinese Tajiks are an Indo‐Iranian‐speaking population in Xinjiang, northwest China. Although the complex demographic history has been characterized, the ancestral sources and genetic admixture of Indo‐Iranian‐speaking groups in this region remain poorly understood. We here provide the genome‐wide genotyping data for over 700 000 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and mtDNA multiplex sequencing data in 64 Chinese male Tajik individuals from two dialect groups, Wakhi and Selekur. We applied principal component analysis (PCA), ADMIXTURE, f‐statistics, treemix, qpWave/qpAdm, Admixture‐induced Linkage Disequilibrium for Evolutionary Relationships (ALDER), and Fst analyses to infer a fine‐scale population genetic structure and admixture history. Our results reveal that Chinese Tajiks showed the closest affinity and similar genetic admixture pattern with ancient Xinjiang populations, especially Xinjiang samples in the historical era. Chinese Tajiks also have gene flow from European and Neolithic Iran farmers‐related populations. We observed a genetic substructure in the two Tajik dialect groups. The Selekur‐speaking group who lived in the county had more gene flow from East Asians than Wakhi‐speaking people who inhabited the village. These results document the population movements contributed to the influx of diverse ancestries in the Xinjiang region.
First‐night effect in insomnia disorder: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of polysomnographic findings
Authors: Hu Sifan , Shi Le , Li Zhe , Ma Yundong , Li Jinyu , Bao Yanping , Lu Lin , Sun Hongqiang 
Published: May 2023

SummaryPolysomnographic studies have been performed to investigate the first‐night effect in insomnia disorder. However, these studies have revealed discrepant findings. This meta‐analysis aimed to summarise and quantify the characteristics of the first‐night effect in insomnia disorder. We performed a systematic search of the PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases to identify studies published through October 2019. A total of 11,862 articles were identified, and seven studies with eight independent populations were included in the meta‐analysis. A total of 639 patients with insomnia disorder and 171 healthy controls underwent more than 2 consecutive nights of in‐laboratory polysomnography. Pooled results demonstrated that both variables of sleep continuity and sleep architecture, other than slow‐wave sleep were significantly altered in the first‐night effect in insomnia disorder. Furthermore, the results indicated that patients with insomnia disorder had a disruption of sleep continuity in the first‐night effect, including increased sleep onset latency and reduced total sleep time, compared to healthy controls. Overall, the findings show that patients with insomnia disorder experience the first‐night effect, rather than reverse first‐night effect, and the profiles of the first‐night effect in patients with insomnia are different from healthy controls. These indicate that an adaptation night is necessary when sleep continuity and sleep architecture is to be studied in patients with insomnia disorder. More well‐designed studies with large samples are needed to confirm the results.
Stress‐relaxation properties of French fries as a function of moisture content, oil content, frying temperature, and testing temperature
Authors: Pinto Guilherme Simoes Alves , Takhar Pawan Singh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere is insufficient information on the effect of temperature, moisture content (MC), and oil concentration on the mechanical properties of fried potatoes. The static mechanical testing capabilities of a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) were utilized to measure the stress relaxation function of fried potatoes as a function of frying time, temperature, and testing temperature. The French fries were prepared in oil heated at 177°C, 184°C, and 191°C, and their MC and oil content (OC) values were measured as a function of frying time. The samples loaded in DMA were subjected to 2% strain, and the stress relaxation was performed for 600 s. The DMA furnace temperature was set at 37°C, 60°C, and 90°C. A two‐element generalized Maxwell model was fitted into the DMA data. French Fries lost more than 70% of their moisture and absorbed more than 80% of their final OC during the first 180 s of frying. During the same interval (up to 180 s), the relaxation modulus parameters (G0, G1, and G2) did not change significantly and then increased linearly. These parameters also did not change considerably for MC above 2 g/g solids. At lower MC values, G1 and G2 increased as the MC was reduced, but the elastic modulus G0 stayed almost constant, independent of the MC.
Informing the Development of School‐Based Strategies to Promote Children's Executive Function Skills: Considerations, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Grammer Jennie K. , Ahmed Sammy F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn recent years awareness of the importance of executive function (EF) skills for students' academic growth has increased. Research suggests that experience in school promotes EF development; however, recommendations regarding evidence‐based practices that educators can use to support EF in their classrooms are limited. Here we outline two main reasons that this may be the case. First, there are significant challenges in the measurement of EF, which have implications for our understanding of how children use EF skills in support of learning in the moment and in real‐world settings like the classroom. Second, there is limited direct research on the types of classroom experiences that promote EF. In describing both, we highlight emerging evidence and new methods that are helping us better understand the development of EF and the ways in which school experiences shape this growth, which will ultimately inform the development of school‐based strategies to promote these skills.
Feasibility Analysis of the Bone Cement‐Gelatine Sponge Composite Intravertebral Prefilling Technique for Reducing Bone Cement Leakage in Stage I and II Kümmell's Disease: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhou Chengqiang , Huang Shaolong , Liao Yifeng , Zhang Feng , Meng Xiao , Tang Zhongjian , Zhang Xu , Li Hua , Zhang Yao , Zhao Shuai , Wang Yunqing 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveBone cement leakage is a major complication of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) while treating Kümmell's disease and it is a focus of close attention during the surgical procedure. The study aimed to investigate whether pre‐injecting a composite of bone cement and gelatine sponge (the “bone cement‐gelatine sponge composite”) before injecting bone cement during PVP aids in lowering the leakage rate in stage I and II Kümmell's disease.MethodsThis prospective analysis evaluated 74 patients with stage I and II Kümmell's disease who underwent PVP treatment at our hospital from December 2019 to December 2021. The participants were divided randomly into groups based on whether the bone cement‐gelatine sponge composite was used during the surgery. The two groups were the bone cement‐gelatine sponge composite group (GS group, comprising 37 patients) and the no bone cement‐gelatine sponge composite group (N‐GS group, comprising 37 patients). The independent samples t‐test and chi‐square test were employed to compare general information, operative time, cement injection volume, intraoperative bleeding, and bone cement leakage between the two groups. Additionally, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Oswestry disability index (ODI), anterior vertebral height ratio (AVHR), and the kyphotic Cobb angle were compared between the two groups at the preoperative, 2 days postoperative, and 6 months postoperative stages using repeated measures analysis of variance.ResultsAll patients were followed up for more than 6 months, with an average of (11.19 ± 2.21) months. No significant differences were observed in terms of the operative time, cement injection volume, and intraoperative bleeding between the two groups (P > 0.05). The incidence of bone cement leakage in the N‐GS group (32.43%) was significantly higher than that in the GS group (5.41%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The VAS score and ODI of the two groups at postoperative 2 days and 6 months improved significantly (P < 0.05). The AVHR and kyphotic Cobb angle were corrected to a certain extent (P < 0.05); however, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe bone cement‐gelatine sponge composite intravertebral prefilling technique can lower bone cement leakage in stage I and II Kümmell's disease and can also relieve pain and improve vertebral body height.
Uric acid is a major chemical constituent for the whitish coloration in the medaka leucophores
Authors: Goda Makoto , Miyagi Asuka , Kitamoto Takuya , Kondo Minako , Hashimoto Hisashi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn whitish parts of teleost skin, the coloration is attributed to a light scattering phenomenon within light‐reflecting chromatophores, namely leucophores and iridophores, which contain high refractive index materials in their cytoplasmic organelles, leucosomes and light‐reflecting platelets, respectively. Previous chemical examinations revealed that guanine is a major constituent of the materials in the platelets of the iridophores, while, in leucophores, the detailed chemical nature of the materials contained in the leucosomes has not been reported. Here, using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectroscopy, we investigated the chemical features of materials eluted from scales, larvae, and single chromatophores of the medaka. Results of the liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectroscopy suggested that uric acid is a major constituent of the high refractive index materials in medaka leucophores and is a unique marker to investigate the presence of leucophores in the fish. The whitish appearance of the medaka leucophores may be attributed to the light‐scattering phenomenon in leucosomes, which contain highly concentrated uric acid.