bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allowing Surgical Pathology Fellows to Release Preliminary Reports Increases Learner Independence and Satisfaction
Authors: Boland Jennifer M. , Solanki Malvika H. , Fritchie Karen J. , Russell Teresa E. , Moen Benjamin P. , Graham Rondell P. , Maleszewski Joseph J. , Hernandez Loren P. Herrera 
Published: January 2023

Context.—
Progressive independence in medicine is critical to building confidence and decisiveness in trainees. However, this can be difficult to accomplish in the strict regulatory environment of pathology.

Objective.—
To pilot and adopt a process whereby surgical pathology fellows independently manage a subset of cases and release preliminary reports.

Design.—
Upon program approval, board-certified surgical pathology fellows were eligible for preliminary report sign-out at their discretion. Eligible cases were sent from outside institutions for confirmatory review. Preliminary reports were viewable in the electronic medical record. Safety measures were used to ensure timely release of final reports by attending pathologists.

Results.—
Fellows participating in the pilot (n = 4) released 59 preliminary reports out of 101 cases reviewed (58%), with 1 potentially significant discrepancy between preliminary and final report. Turnaround time was not affected. The process was endorsed by all participants and adopted as standard practice. During the first year, eligible fellows (n = 8) released 123 preliminary reports out of 1260 cases reviewed (9.8%). There were no major diagnostic discrepancies and no effects on turnaround time. The number of preliminary reports released by each fellow was variable (range, 2–48; median, 8), likely a reflection of both external factors (number of trainees on service, volume) and trainee-specific factors (confidence, efficiency).

Conclusions.—
Fellows showed good judgment when independently managing cases, with just 1 potentially significant discrepancy out of 182 cases (&lt;1%). No patients were adversely impacted. Use of this process varied widely among fellows and may require closer monitoring and encouragement for fellows who are tentative about releasing preliminary reports.
Inclusive Finance in Sembako Program: An Overview From Proper Governance Perspective
Authors: Habibullah  , Jayaputra Achmadi , Pudjianto Bambang , Muhtar  
Published: January 2023

The Sembako program is one of the social protection programs launched by the Government of Indonesia to overcome poverty by providing food assistance. The sembako program is also expected to increase financial inclusion by using the prosperous family card as an electronic money and savings feature. This study uses a proper governance perspective with the research location in Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The results showed that the implementation of the Sembako program went well. However, the recipients complain that the types, quantities, and goods received are different from the instructed provisions, so they are not in accordance with the principles of proper governance. The sembako program contributes little to increasing financial inclusion because the KKS Card can only be used to take assistance from the sembako program and cannot access other banking services. It was found that the KKS Card was not held by the recipient of the basic food program, and the recipient did not memorize the KKS Card Pin. This study recommends that all shops and stalls carry out the distribution of the sembako program without being limited to certain stalls. The sembako program is not packaged so that beneficiaries are free to take basic food assistance according to the needs of their families.
Association of Changes in Smoking Intensity With Risk of Dementia in Korea
Authors: Jeong Su-Min , Park Junhee , Han Kyungdo , Yoo Juhwan , Yoo Jung Eun , Lee Cheol Min , Jung Wonyoung , Lee Jinkook , Kim SangYun , Shin Dong Wook 
Published: January 2023

ImportanceSeveral observational studies have reported that smoking cessation is associated with a lower risk of dementia. However, no studies have examined the association between change in smoking intensity and risk of dementia.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between a change in smoking intensity, including smoking reduction and smoking cessation, and risk of all dementia.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used data from the National Health Insurance Service database of Korea. The cohort included participants 40 years or older who underwent biennial health examinations (2009 and 2011) and had current smoking status at the first health examination. The cohort was followed up until December 31, 2018, and statistical analysis was performed between July and December 2021.ExposuresChange in smoking intensity from baseline was defined operationally as follows: quitters (stopped smoking), reducers I (decreased number of cigarettes smoked per day by ≥50%), reducers II (decreased number of cigarettes smoked per day by 20%-50%), sustainers (maintained [decreased or increased] number of cigarettes smoked per day by less than 20%), or increasers (increased number of cigarettes smoked per day by ≥20%).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was newly diagnosed dementia, which was identified by prescribed antidementia medications with concomitant International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision diagnosis codes for dementia. Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIs were used to determine the association between change in smoking intensity and incidence of dementia, including Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD).ResultsA total of 789 532 participants (756 469 males [95.8%]; mean [SD] age, 52.2 [8.5] years) were included. During a median (IQR) follow-up period of 6.3 (6.1-6.6) years, 11 912 dementia events, including 8800 AD and 1889 VaD events, were identified. Overall, participants in the quitter group had a significantly lower risk of all dementia (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87-0.97) compared with those in the sustainer group. Those in the reducer I (aHR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.18-1.33) and increaser (aHR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.06-1.18) groups had a significantly higher risk of all dementia compared with those in the sustainer group.The patterns for AD and VaD remained consistent with patterns for all dementia.Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this study showed that smoking cessation was associated with a lower risk of dementia compared with sustained smoking intensity, while smoking reduction was associated with a higher risk. Smoking cessation should be emphasized in efforts to reduce the disease burden of dementia.
Association of Carotid Atherosclerosis With Hearing Loss
Authors: Garcia Morales Emmanuel E. , Croll Pauline H. , Palta Priya , Goedegebure André , Reed Nicholas S. , Betz Joshua F. , Lin Frank R. , Deal Jennifer A. 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveTo describe the association between midlife carotid atherosclerosis and late-life hearing loss among participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsFor this cross-sectional study and temporal analysis of a cohort within the ongoing ARIC prospective cohort study, participants were recruited from 4 communities in the US. The analysis evaluated information on mean carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), from visit 1 (1987-1989) to visit 4 (1994-1996), carotid plaque presence at visit 4, and audiometric data from visit 6 (2016-2017). The cIMT measures were calculated from ultrasonography recordings by trained readers at the ARIC Ultrasound Reading Center. At each visit, cIMT was computed as the average of 3 segments: the distal common carotid, the carotid artery bifurcation, and the proximal internal carotid arteries. Presence of carotid plaque was determined based on an abnormal wall thickness, shape, or wall texture. Audiometric 4-frequency pure tone average (PTA) was measured and calculated for the better-hearing ear and modeled as a continuous variable. Linear regression estimated the association between cIMT and carotid plaque with hearing, adjusting for age, sex, race and study center, education level, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), smoking status, hypertension, cholesterol levels, diabetes, and exposure to occupational noise. Missing data (exposure and covariates) were imputed with multiple imputation by chained equations. Data analyses were performed from April 6 to July 13, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresHearing loss assessed using 4-frequency (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 kilohertz) PTA for both ears and carotid plaque at visit 4 and mean cIMT from visit 1 to visit 4.ResultsAmong a total of 3594 participants (mean [SD] age at visit 4, 59.4 [4.6] years; 2146 [59.7%] female; 819 [22.8%] Black and 2775 [77.2%] White individuals), fully adjusted models indicated that an additional 0.1 mm higher mean cIMT was associated with 0.59 dB (95% CI, 0.17 to 1.02 dB) higher PTA. Compared with participants without carotid plaque, plaque presence was associated with 0.63 dB (95% CI, −0.57 to 1.84 dB) higher PTA.Conclusion and RelevanceThe findings of this cross-sectional study with temporal analyses of a cohort with the ongoing ARIC study found that subclinical atherosclerosis in midlife was associated with worse hearing in older adulthood. Prevention and control of carotid atherosclerosis during middle age may positively affect the hearing health of older adults.
Side‐Chain Methylthio‐Based Position Isomerism of Hole‐Transport Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells: From Theoretical Simulation to Experimental Characterization
Authors: Wang Ruiqin , Wu Chengyu , Qi Jiayi , Shen Wei , Wu Fei , Li Ming , He Rongxing , Liu Xiaorui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHole transporting materials (HTMs) are imperative for promoting the development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, three isomers of RQ4, RQ5, and RQ6 are constructed by methylthio (‐SMe) group in the para, meta, and adjacent sites of terminal benzene on the side‐chain of carbazole‐arylamine derivatives based HTMs, and investigated by means of the theoretical simulation and experimental characterization. As a result of the theoretical simulation, the isomeric HTMs of RQ4‐RQ6 exhibit appropriate highest occupied molecular orbital /lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels and good optical properties. However, by comparison with RQ4 and RQ5, a better planar configuration and closer molecular stacking for RQ6 may be beneficial to promote the hole coupling, interface interaction, and charge transfer at perovskite/HTMs interface. In order to verify the accuracy of the theoretical model, the designed RQ4‐RQ6 are synthesized to be used to assemble PSCs devices. In comparison to isomers RQ4 (20.07%) and RQ5 (18.18%) based devices, the RQ6 based devices has higher power conversion efficiency of 21.03% because of its high hole mobility, the film formation ability, and large charge transfer at perovskite/HTMs interface. The experimental results confirm the reliability of the theoretical simulation and provide an effective strategy to obtain potential HTMs through isomerization of side‐chain functional groups.
Solution‐Processed Pure Red TADF Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes With High External Quantum Efficiency and Saturated Red Emission Color
Authors: Kothavale Shantaram , Kim Seung Chan , Cheong Kiun , Zeng Songkun , Wang Yafei , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn spite of recent research progress in red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters, highly efficient solution‐processable pure red TADF emitters are rarely reported. Most of the red TADF emitters reported to date are designed using a rigid acceptor unit which renders them insoluble and unsuitable for solution‐processed organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). To resolve this issue, a novel TADF emitter, 6,7‐bis(4‐(bis(4‐(tert‐butyl)phenyl)amino)phenyl)‐2,3‐bis(4‐(tert‐butyl)phenyl)quinoxaline‐5,8‐dicarbonitrile (tBuTPA‐CNQx) is designed and synthesized. The highly twisted donor‐acceptor architecture and appropriate highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital distribution lead to a very small singlet‐triplet energy gap of 0.07 eV, high photoluminescence quantum yield of 92%, and short delayed fluorescence lifetime of 52.4 µs. The peripheral t‐butyl phenyl decorated quinoxaline acceptor unit and t‐butyl protected triphenylamine donor unit are proven to be useful building blocks to improve solubility and minimize the intermolecular interaction. The solution‐processed OLED based on tBuTPA‐CNQx achieves a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16.7% with a pure red emission peak at 662 nm, which is one of the highest EQE values reported till date in the solution‐processed pure red TADF OLEDs. Additionally, vacuum‐processable OLED based on tBuTPA‐CNQx exhibits a high EQE of 22.2% and negligible efficiency roll‐off.
Synthesis of Linear Enamides and Enecarbamates via Photoredox Acceptorless Dehydrogenation
Authors: Ritu  , Kolb Daniel , Jain Nidhi , König Burkhard 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn recent years, several methods for the direct desaturation of aliphatic compounds have been developed, facilitated by the unique combination of photoredox and transition‐metal catalysis. Hereby, alkenes with high functionalization potential can be prepared in a straightforward fashion. We adapted a previously reported system involving tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) as hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) agent and a cobaloxime co‐catalyst for dihydrogen evolution for the dehydrogenative preparation of linear enamides and enecarbamates from saturated precursors. The substrate scope includes several natural products and drug derivatives. The reaction does not require noble metal catalysts, exhibits short reaction times compared to previous methods and is suitable for the late‐stage functionalization of drug derivatives.magnified image
Nickel‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Branched/Linear Regioselective C−H Alkylation of 4‐Oxoquinazolines
Authors: Zhang Yaqi , Qin Shengxiang , Pan Bendu , Cao Rihui , Sun Raymond Wai‐Yin , Qiu Liqin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA Ni−NHC‐catalyzed prototype reaction based on the alkylation of C−H activated 4‐oxoquinazolines with aryl and alkyl alkenes was demonstrated. When aryl alkenes are used as the substrates, the regioselection of the reaction can be fine‐tuned by choosing a NHC ligand with appropriate steric hindrance to harvest branched adducts, while the use of a bulky NHC/alkyl aluminum cocatalyst system helps to steer the reaction towards linear products. For alkyl alkene substrates, Ni(cod)2, IMes ⋅ HCl and NaOtBu system can directionally generate linear products, and long‐chain olefins are also applicable. In addition, the catalytic mechanism was also explored through the deuteration experiments, and the migration of nickel was suggested in the catalytic cycle.magnified image
Maternal social position and survival to weaning in arid‐country vervet monkeys
Authors: Blersch Rosemary A. , Bonnell Tyler R. , Clarke Madison , Dostie Marcus J. , Lucas Miranda , Jarrett Jonathan , McFarland Richard , Nord Christina , Takahashi April , Varsanyi Stephanie , Vilette Chloé , Young Christopher , Barrett Louise , Henzi S. Peter 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesWe consider the relative contributions of maternal rank and sociability to the survival of infant vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) to nutritional independence (~210 days) in a generally resource‐poor environment.MethodsWe analyzed survival data from 153 infants born to 60 mothers across three free‐ranging troops and 10 yearly birth cohorts at a South African research site experiencing general but variable resource scarcity.ResultsThe population was characterized by a pre‐weaning mortality of 30% (Range: 9%–85%), with a median age at death of 50 days. In addition to the consequences of resource availability, increased infant survival was independently and equivalently positively associated with higher maternal rank and a greater number of maternal spatial partners.DiscussionWe use this outcome to suggest that apparent discrepancies across sites and species in the relative importance of different maternal attributes in determining reproductive outcomes may be resolved by considering more closely local sources of infant mortality.
Australasian sonographers' knowledge, awareness, and attitudes towards the international evidence‐based guidelines for the diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Guscott Alexandra , Deslandes Alison , Parange Nayana , Childs Jessie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroduction/PurposeMany guidelines have been utilised to diagnose polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). The most recent are the International Evidence Based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 2018 (2018 IEBG). This study aimed to assess the awareness, knowledge, and attitudes of Australasian sonographers' regarding these guidelines.MethodsAn online cross‐sectional survey was disseminated to sonographers. Qualitative and quantitative questions were asked around awareness, knowledge, and attitudes towards the 2018 IEBG. Statistical and thematic analyses of the results were performed.ResultsNinety responses were included in the final analysis. Fifty‐two percent (52.2%) of participants were aware of the 2018 IEBG but only 31.1% used it in their workplaces. Fifty‐eight percent (57.9%) of participants correctly identified the sonographic features that suggest PCOS, and 3.5% correctly identified all minimum recommended inclusions for reporting a gynaecological ultrasound for PCOS. Prior to being supplied the 2018 IEBG, 15.8% of participants correctly answered clinical scenario‐based knowledge questions, which increased to 29.4% correctly after being supplied the guideline; however, this difference was not statistically significant. There were no statistically significant associations between demographics and knowledge of the 2018 IEBG.DiscussionSeveral areas of confusion surrounding wording and interpretation of the 2018 IEBG were highlighted. Consideration should be given to barriers of implementation and strategies to overcome these.ConclusionMore education surrounding the sonographic diagnosis of PCOS and the 2018 IEBG is needed. Scanning protocols used amongst sonographers varied, suggesting that inconsistency in sonographic diagnosis may exist. Future reviews of the 2018 IEBG should focus on reducing ambiguity in wording, which may be responsible for some of the varied interpretation of these guidelines.
Tuning of renewable sponge‐like polyurethane physical‐chemical and morphological properties using the pullulan as a reactive filler
Authors: Maia Lana S. , de Bomfim Anne Shayene C. , de Oliveira Daniel M. , Pinhati Fernanda R. , da Conceição Monique O. T. , Barud Hernane S. , Medeiros Simone A. , Rosa Derval S. , Mulinari Daniella R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of pullulan (Pull) on a renewable polyurethane sponge‐like scaffold synthesized from the Pull mixture with the castor oil‐based polyol and the prepolymer using the situ foaming method. The Pull contents on the sponge‐like are 5, 10, and 20 wt.%. The samples were evaluated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), density, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle, Thermogravimetry, X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and compression strength test, respectively. FTIR results indicated that Pull was hydrogen‐bonded to PU foam chains and increased the sponge‐like scaffolds density, inducing a decrease in average cell size compared to the pristine PU, confirming that they act as nucleating agents. The Pull addition improved PU foams' hydrophobicity and mechanical properties and caused a thermal stability median between Pull and pristine PU. Thus, all renewable sponge‐like scaffolds were hydrophobics and presented appropriate mechanical behavior, exhibiting better physicochemical properties, and appearing as promising candidates for biomedical applications.
Updated study of adult and subadult pectoral girdle bones from Sima de los Huesos site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain). Anatomical and age estimation keys
Authors: García‐González Rebeca , Rodríguez Laura , Salazar‐Fernández Azahara , Arsuaga Juan Luis , Carretero José‐Miguel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHere we present an updated inventory and study of pectoral girdle remains recovered from the Sima de los Huesos (SH) site. Here, we describe the key morphological traits of adults and, for the first time, subadult specimens. Because morphological traits can change with age, we also discuss some shortcomings related to age estimation in postcranial fossil specimens. Adult clavicles from the SH are long with a low robusticity index and marked curvatures in the superior view. Among these traits, only extreme clavicular length seems to characterize subadult individuals. Neandertals share all these traits. In the case of the scapula, the SH specimens share a relatively long and narrow glenoid fossa with Neandertals. This trait is also present in subadult individuals. Additionally, most specimens from SH, adults, and subadults showed a dorsal axillary sulcus on the scapular lateral border, a trait also present in most adult and subadult Neandertals. These traits in adult and subadult specimens supports substantial genetic control for many of them in both human species.
Contribution of Type H Blood Vessels to Pathologic Osteogenesis and Inflammation in an Experimental Spondyloarthritis Model
Authors: Kaaij Merlijn H. , van Hamburg Jan Piet , van Rooijen Charlotte C. N. , Grüneboom Anika , Kan Yik Y. , Pots Desiree , Schett Georg , van Ruijven Leo J. , van Duivenvoorde Leonie M. , Huitema Leonie F. A. , Baeten Dominique L. P. , Tas Sander W. 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveSpondyloarthritis (SpA) is characterized by pathologic osteogenesis, inflammation, and extensive angiogenesis in axial and peripheral tissues. Current therapies effectively target inflammation, but these therapies lack efficacy in preventing pathologic osteogenesis. Transgenic mice overexpressing transmembrane tumor necrosis factor (tmTNF‐Tg mice) exhibit SpA‐like features. We hypothesized that type H blood vessels, which are implicated in osteogenesis, are increased and contribute to pathology in this experimental SpA model.MethodsWe analyzed ankles, femora, and vertebrae of tmTNF‐Tg mice and nontransgenic littermates and tmTNF‐Tg mice on either a TNF receptor type I (TNFRI)–deficient or TNF receptor type II (TNFRII)–deficient background for osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and inflammation using advanced imaging technologies at various stages of disease.ResultsCompared to nontransgenic littermates, tmTNF‐Tg mice exhibited an increase in vertebral type H vessels and osteoprogenitor cells in subchondral bone. These features of increased angiogenesis and osteogenesis were already present before onset of clinical disease symptoms. Type H vessels and osteoprogenitor cells were in close proximity to inflammatory lesions and ectopic lymphoid structures. The tmTNF‐Tg mice also showed perivertebral ectopic type H vessels and osteogenesis, an increased number of vertebral transcortical vessels, and enhanced entheseal angiogenesis. In tmTNF‐Tg mice crossed on a TNFRI‐ or TNFRII‐deficient background, no clear reduction in type H vessels was shown, suggesting that type H vessel formation is not exclusively mediated via TNFRI or TNFRII.ConclusionThe contribution of type H vessels to pathologic osteogenesis in experimental SpA advances our knowledge of the pathophysiology of this disease and may also provide a novel opportunity for targeted intervention.