bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An empirical investigation on the impact of attitudes towards organ donation in India
Authors: Nayak Vinod C. , Nayak Smitha 
Published: May 2023

Background: Organ shortage is a global issue and it is imperative to take steps to bridge this gap. In the Indian context, despite its demographic dividend, the rate of organ donation has been abysmally low. This emphasizes a need to demystify the antecedents of organ donation intention among the Indian population. Methods: Using a cross-sectional research design and adopting a post-positivism research philosophy, this study identified 259 respondents by adopting a purposive sampling approach and data on knowledge of organ donation was collected using a structured, pretested questionnaire. Results: Awareness of organ donation law in India is low on specific issues and respondents from the health science & medicine discipline scored better on knowledge about organ donation. The findings show that most participants had heard about organ donation and had a favourable attitude toward it. The primary sources of information on organ donation were television and newspapers, and healthcare service providers. A complementary partial median is established (β = .217, t = 5.889, p < .001) which implies that willingness to discuss with family significantly mediates the association between attitude towards organ & tissue donation and willingness to sign the donor card. Conclusion: This study revealed that there is a general awareness of organ and tissue donation among the Indian population, but they lack clarity on certain specific issues. Mass media has to be effectively used to build awareness campaigns revolving around enhancing knowledge on a specific issue and building acceptance of the concept of organ and tissue donation.
Systematic review: Safety of surgical male circumcision in context of HIV prevention public health programmes
Authors: Jindai Kazuaki , Farley Tim , Awori Quentin , Temu Anaelia-Siya , Ndenzako Fabian , Samuelson Julia 
Published: May 2023

Background: Since the recommendation of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) to reduce the risk of heterosexually acquired HIV, a number of adolescent boys and men in 15 priority countries in Africa have been circumcised. Our primary goal was to identify the incidence of adverse events (AEs) associated with VMMC and to assess the safety profile among adolescent boys 10 – 14 years. Methods: We searched the databases MEDLINE and Embase, WHO, and conference abstracts from 2005 to 2019. The incidence of AEs was estimated by type of AE, size of study and age. Results: We retained 40 studies. Severe and moderate AEs overall were estimated at 0.30 per 100 VMMC clients with wide variability per study type. A higher rate was noted in small and moderate scale programmes and device method research studies compared with larger scale programmes. There was a limited number of studies reporting AEs among younger adolescent boys and they had higher infection-related AEs than those aged 20 years and older. Case studies noted rare AEs such as necrotizing fasciitis, tetanus, and glans injury. Conclusions: AE rates were comparable to those from the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that led to recommendations and implementation of VMMC in high HIV burden countries, despite being implemented in low resource settings. Clients over time have increasingly included adolescents under the age of 15 years. Studies suggest potentially higher risks in this age group. As VMMC services are sustained, patient safety surveillance systems and promoting a patient safety culture are crucial to identify and mitigate potential harms from medical male circumcision.
Feasibility and acceptability of implementing a practice guideline for the use of high flow nasal cannula in critically ill patients who have hypoxemia: a multi-centre study in Nepal
Authors: Aryal Diptesh , Koirala Kanchan , Luitel Subekshya , Sitoula Kabita , Thapa Kaveri , Rai Namrata , Bhandari Nisha , Khadka Basnet Ruku , Dhakal Sabina , Amatya Samina , Shrestha Sujita , Khanal Kishor , Gamage Dona Dilanthi , Haniffa Rashan , Beane Abi , Dodek Peter 
Published: May 2023

Background: Practice guidelines have the potential to improve processes and outcomes of care if strategies to facilitate implementation include attention to feasibility and acceptability in the local setting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a guideline for using a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in intensive care units (ICUs) that was introduced in Nepal. Methods: We measured the proportion of eligible patients in seven ICUs who received HFNC between September 14, 2020, and December 9, 2021. We compared measures of oxygenation between patients who successfully survived HFNC and those who did not. We used an electronic survey of healthcare workers to measure the guideline's acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility. Results: Out of the total (7,121) patients admitted to ICUs during the study period, 4,099 (57%) were eligible and 584 (14%) of the eligible patients received HFNC during the first three days (12% before and 14% after the introduction of the guideline). The median ROX time index (integral of ROX index (PaO2/FiO2 x respiratory rate) over time) of patients who were successfully treated with HFNC (n=146) was greater than that of patients who failed HFNC (n= 42; 0.8 vs. 0.04; p=0.001). Respondents rated the HFNC guideline highly for acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility. Conclusions: Introduction of the guideline was associated with a small increase in the use of HFNC, but the guideline was feasible, acceptable, and appropriate for use in clinical practice.
Guillain-Barre Syndrome linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection – meta-analysis and literature review
Authors: Siekierko Nikola , Żołnierek Maja , Kotusiewicz Wiktoria , Lewandowski Mateusz , Bienia Grzegorz , Lubczyńska Zuzanna , Popravko Yevheniia , Świętochowski Jakub 
Published: May 2023

Background
The novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), was originally detected in Wuhan, China in December 2019. In this meta-analysis and literature review, we compared and summarized the clinical presentation, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and electromyography (EMG) findings and outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 patients with Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) and its variants.
Methods
We conducted a literature review in February 2023 searching for terms “Guillain-Barre Syndrome and COVID-19", “SARS neurology”, “COVID-19 complications”. We used PubMed and Google Scholar databases inquiring case reports or series of cases published between April 1, 2020, and September 14, 2023.
Results
Of the 52 GBS cases 61,5% (n=32) were male and 39,5% (n=20) were female. The mean age was 57 years old. A total of 75% (n=33) patients presented acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) variant, 6,8% (n=3) presented acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) variant, 15,9% (n=7) presented acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) variant. A total of 85,7% (n=42) of patients were diagnosed with albuminocytological dissociation. During the hospitalization, a total of 30,8% (n=16) required mechanical ventilation. A total of 61,5% (n=32) of patients were treated with a 5-day regimen of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in dose 0.4 g/kg/day. There were 46,1% (n=24) complete recoveries from GBS, 32,7% (n=17) partial recoveries and 9,6% (n=5) of patients did not respond to treatment. A total of 11,5% (n=6) of patients died.
Conclusion
It is crucial to follow patients with COVID-19 and GBS over time to estimate properly the efficacy of treatment and evaluate the real percentage of recovery and complications.
Mesothelioma palliative care needs: supporting patients and families with new research-based resources
Authors: Hargreaves Sarah , Gardiner Clare , Tod Angela , Darlison Liz 
Published: May 2023

Background: Mesothelioma is a rare cancer without cure. Clinical guidelines recommend the timely provision of palliative/supportive care; however, a new study identified barriers to achieving this ambition. Objective: The study aimed to explore palliative care needs and the role of Mesothelioma Clinical Nurse Specialists (MCNSs); and to develop resources to address study findings. Methods: The mixed-methods study included a literature review, focus groups, interviews and surveys. Results: The study highlighted the important role of the MCNSs in palliative care and the need to: address disjointed care; improve support for families; and explain the benefits of palliative care for patients/families. A co-production approach developed an animation for patients/families to demystify palliative care and explain the benefits of early-stage engagement; and an infographic targeted at community and primary care professionals. Recommendations for community nursing practice are described.
Multilevel synergically controlling wavefront correction of a high-power slab laser system
Authors: Xu Yuan-Zhai , Zhang Lin , Shao Chong-Feng , Tan Qin-Wen , Zang Zhi-Gang , Lang Bing-Tian , Chen Zhong-Zheng , Song Yan-Jie , Wang Xiao-Jun , Peng Qin-Jun 
Published: May 2023

We present a multilevel synergically controlling wavefront correction method that can apply in a slab laser system. To fully utilize the response frequency and the stroke of actuators of the single deformable mirror (DM), we design a set of multilevel wavefront correction devices to reduce the root-mean square of wavefront aberration before the DM. As the wavefront of slab geometry solid-state lasers mainly consists of fourth and longitudinally distributed aberration, such as 5th, 9th, and 14th orders of Legendre polynomials. We design a precompensating level of the aberration with a slow-drift mirror, fast-steer mirror, one-dimensional adjustable slab-aberration compensator, and beam-shaping system to reduce these orders of wavefront aberration with low spatial resolution and large stroke. As the controlling bandwidth of different devices is diverse, the coupling oscillation between the precompensating level and adaptive optics (AO) level occurs, then we develop the multilevel synergically control to address the coupling. With the precompensating level, the experimental result shows the residual wavefront aberration of the slab laser is compensated well by the AO level effectively within the compensating capability. We clean up a 9.8 kW slab laser system with the beam quality β of far-field focus spots improved from 17.71 to 2.24 times the diffraction limit.
Voxel based morphometry-detected white matter volume loss after multi-modality treatment in high grade glioma patients
Authors: de Groot Jesse D. , van Dijken Bart R. J. , van der Weide Hiska L. , Enting Roelien H. , van der Hoorn Anouk 
Published: May 2023

Background
Radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy are components of standard multi-modality treatment of high grade gliomas (HGG) aimed at achieving local tumor control. Treatment is neurotoxic and RT plays an important role in this, inducing damage even distant to the RT target volume.

Purpose
This retrospective longitudinal study evaluated the effect of treatment on white matter and gray matter volume in the tumor-free hemisphere of HGG patients using voxel based morphometry (VBM).

Method
3D T1-weighted MR images of 12 HGG patients at multiple timepoints during standard treatment were analyzed using VBM. Segmentation of white matter and gray matter of the tumor-free hemisphere was performed. Multiple general linear models were used to asses white matter and gray matter volumetric differences between time points. A mean RT dose map was created and compared to the VBM results.

Results
Diffuse loss of white matter volume, mainly throughout the frontal and parietal lobe, was found, grossly overlapping regions that received the highest RT dose. Significant loss of white matter was first noticed after three cycles of chemotherapy and persisted after the completion of standard treatment. No significant loss of white matter volume was observed between pre-RT and the first post-RT follow-up timepoint, indicating a delayed effect.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated diffuse and early-delayed decreases in white matter volume of the tumor-free hemisphere in HGG patients after standard treatment. White matter volume changes occurred mainly throughout the frontal and parietal lobe and grossly overlapped with areas that received the highest RT dose.
Nutritional intake and metabolic parameters of Japanese university students with and without obesity: Sex-specific differences
Authors: Mehta Mausam , Izurieta Ricardo , Nishio Akihiro , Horita Ryo , Yamamoto Mayumi 
Published: May 2023

Objective
To establish effective methods of obesity prevention among young adults, we analyzed the relationship between obesity-related food intake and metabolic factors in Japanese university students.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional analysis of nutrient intake information and metabolic parameters among 1,206 Gifu University students categorized by body mass index.

Results
The overweight/obesity rate was significantly higher in males. Additionally, among males, the intake of protein, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, all lipids/fats, and all metabolic parameters including blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and blood pressure significantly differed between the obese and non-obese groups. However, the same comparison among females revealed no significant differences in nutrient intake and significant differences in only half of the parameters. Among males, energy intake from protein and fat was significantly higher in the obese group, while the percentage of total energy intake from carbohydrates and fat was lower and higher, respectively, among females in the obese group.

Conclusions
Overeating of protein and fat in males and unbalanced nutrition in females are sex-specific characteristics of Japanese university students with obesity, and metabolic abnormalities in students with obesity are more remarkable in males than in females.
PENA DE MORTE E LIBERDADES CIVIS NA ÍNDIA DEMOCRÁTICA: QUESTÕES E PREOCUPAÇÕES
Authors: Silva Sabá Vicente Mesquita da Silva 
Published: May 2023

Contextualização: Dentre os debates que assolam o mundo a respeito da manutenção ou abolição da pena de morte, envolvendo diversos atores, sua evolução na Índia tem sido objeto de grande discussão social e judicial. Criminologistas e penologistas estão envolvidos em intensos estudos e pesquisas para saber a resposta a algumas questões intrigantes em relação à imposição da pena de morte.
Objetivo: Este artigo tem como objetivo traçar o cenário internacional e analisar o direito constitucional, o direito substantivo e a política que rege a imposição da pena de morte na Índia democrática no contexto das liberdades civis, particularmente devido à demora na execução das sentenças e à cunhagem da expressão casos mais raros dos raros. Este artigo também pretende examinar as execuções mais recentes realizadas na Índia e as preocupações envolvidas.
Metodologia: A pesquisa utiliza o método indutivo e uma revisão de literatura.
Resultados: Há várias considerações na administração da justiça criminal na Índia que devem ser cumpridas ao se conceder a pena de morte. A demora na execução das sentenças capitais viola os direitos humanos básicos, pois os condenados vivem com o terror da morte. A ponderação das circunstâncias agravantes e atenuantes é crucial para a confirmação da pena de morte pelo Supremo Tribunal da Índia.
The management of febrile seizures by pediatricians in Indonesia: adherence to 2016 Indonesian Pediatric Society recommendations and influencing factors
Authors: Soebadi Amanda , Suhito Rivaldo , Handryastuti Setyo 
Published: May 2023

Background Although febrile seizures are generally benign, judicious management is needed to prevent inadequate or excessive management. In 2016, the Indonesian Pediatric Society (IPS) issued Recommendations for the Management of Febrile Seizures, but it is unclear whether pediatricians follow these recommendations in their clinical practice.
Objectives To evaluate adherence to the 2016 IPS Recommendations for the Management of Febrile Seizures amongst pediatricians in Indonesia, as well as factors influencing adherence.
Methods An anonymous online questionnaire was distributed by e-mail to IPS member pediatricians. We collected data on age, year of completion of pediatric residency or subspecialty training, practice region, type of practice, number of febrile seizure patients managed per month, and history of attending teaching sessions on the recommendations. We scored participants’ adherence to the recommendations in terms of pharmacologic treatment, ancillary testing, and prognosis. We also analyzed the difference in scores according to participant characteristics.
Results Of 308 participants, 247 (80%) obtained a total adherence score of 50% or more of the highest possible score. Median total adherence score was 63.2% (range 20.6% to 100%) of the highest possible score. Median adherence scores were significantly higher in pediatricians who were 31 to 60-years-old vs. >60-years-old (64.7% vs. 52.9%, P=0.004), completed their residency training within the past <10 years vs. >10 years (64.7% vs. 61.8%, P=0.034), practiced in hospitals vs. clinics or private practices (61.8% vs. 50.0%, P=0.006), were aware vs. unaware of the recommendations (64.7% vs. 52.9%, P=0.02), and had vs. had not read the recommendations (62.7% vs. 50.0%, P=0.01). Most participants (93.5%) reported the recommendations to be feasible in their settings. Obstacles to implementation included lack of medication availability (8/20), lack of time to read the recommendations (8/20), lack of awareness of the recommendations (2/20), and limited infrastructure (2/20).
Conclusions Most pediatricians in Indonesia have moderately good adherence to the 2016 IPS Recommendations for the Management of Febrile Seizures. Awareness of the recommendations needs to be raised further and limitations in medication distribution and infrastructure need to be overcome for better adherence.
Characteristics of pneumonia in children with suspected/confirmed COVID-19
Authors: Silalahi Rizal Marubob , Dalimunthe Wisman , Evalina Rita , Harahap Juliandi , Lubis Bidasari , Lubis Inke Nadia D. 
Published: May 2023

Background The most common COVID-19 infection clinical features in pediatric patients are similar to those of other pulmonary diseases, i.e., fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Information about the characteristics of coinfection and superinfection in COVID-19 cases can reduce misdiagnosis and differentiate COVID-19 from other pulmonary infections.
Objective To observe the characteristics of pneumonia in children with suspected/confirmed COVID-19.
Methods This descriptive study used medical record data of children hospitalized from 1 January 2020 – 31 January 2021 to describe the characteristics of pneumonia in suspected and
confirmed COVID-19 cases in Haji Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, North Sumatra. Pneumonia-related findings, such as clinical symptoms, chest X-ray, and blood test results,were collected.
Results There were 27 confirmed and 34 suspected COVID-19 children. Most of them were aged 6 to 8 years. Pneumonia was significantly associated with COVID-19. In confirmed COVID-19 cases, fever persisted after 3 days, with cough and shortness of breath. Patients did not have flu symptoms, but had below normal SpO2 (81-90%). The occurrence of lung rhonchi was significant in confirmed COVID-19 group. Chest X-ray results showed lung opacity in all confirmed COVID-19 patients. Mean white blood cell (WBC) count was significantly lower in COVID-19 confirmed (3.49x103/µL) vs. suspected group (17.9 x103/µL) (P=0.011). Mean CRP was significantly higher in COVID-19 confirmed (26.5 mg/L) vs. suspected group (4 mg/L).
Conclusion Pneumonia with confirmed COVID-19 cases present with longer fever and lower SpO2. Patients are presented with lung ronchi, had lower WBCcount, and higher CRP. Chest X-ray shows opacity and consolidation.
Predictors of mortality in children with neuroblastoma
Authors: Sanindya Arum Rusida Harjayanti , Hermawan Kristia , Widjajanto Pudjo Hagung , Sutaryo Sutaryo 
Published: May 2023

Background Neuroblastoma is an extracranial solid tumor originating from neural crest cells which failed to properly migrate. Neuroblastoma is commonly found in children under 12 months of age. The survival rate of these patients is still relatively low, both in developed countries and Indonesia.
Objective To determine whether age, sex, primary tumor location, degree of cell differentiation, and patient compliance are associated with the survival of children with neuroblastoma at Dr.Sardjito Hospital.
Methods This retrospective cohort study included pediatric neuroblastoma patients at Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Central Java, between January 2012 to September 2020, however there has been no evaluation about survival of neuroblastoma. We collected secondary data from medical records and registration data of pediatric cancer patients in the Pediatric Hematology Oncology Department of Dr. Sardjito Hospital, we matched te data based on medicals records and manual data in the ward and olyclinic, which included age at diagnosis, sex, primary tumor location, degree of cell differentiation, and patient adherence to therapy. To confirm weather the information about survived or death, apart from medical record we do tracking by telephone to the parent.
Results we do the observation and calculating based on our retrospective data , Of 54 pediatric neuroblastoma patients, 54% were female. The median length of observation was 13.25 months, with an incidence rate of 62/100 person-years and a median survival of 13 months from the time of diagnosis. The 5-year survival rate in our study was 21.3%. Multivariate analysis revealed that stage IV patients had higher risk of death (HR 10.9; 95%CI 1.47 to 81.01; P=0.02) compared to other stages. Sub-group follow-up analysis revealed no significant difference in stage IV male patients compared to female patients (HR 1.62; 95%CI 0.81 to 3.22; P=0.172). The survivial in group with primary tumor location outside the adrenal medulla and stage IV was not significantly different from patients whose tumor location was unknown (HR 2.45; 95%CI 0.71 to 8.43; P=0.155). The group whose primary tumor location was in the adrenal medulla did not have a significant difference in survival compared to patients whose primary tumor location was unknown (HR 2.09; 95%CI 0.84 to 5.22; P=0.114).
Conclusion The predictor factors studied are not significantly associated with mortality in children with neuroblastoma.