bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROJECT BASED LEARNING. PRACTICAL STEPS IN COMPLETING A LEARNING ASSIGNMENT
Authors: Dumitrache Anisoara , Gheorghe Mihaela 
Published: February 2023

The aim of the paper is to present best practices in project based learning emphasizing the use of new online technologies. We focus on distance learning students but the best practices can be replicated in different learning systems. As teachers we strive to improve our students’ learning experience. Learning by doing is one of the best options, and project based learning is a great approach to engage students in investigation of complex problems or challenges. Encouraging our students to work in teams, will add value to the learning experience, the key being collaboration and cooperation, possible through the use of technology and appropriate tools. During time, we were able to improve this experience and to make good choices in using technology, each experience being better than previous. Based on our own experience and on the researches in the field, for each project there are four practical steps in order to successfully complete the task at hand. We believe that any research can be completed by: understanding the requirements; shaping a study plan; implementing the plan; preparing the presentation. Once a project is assigned, every student is instructed to follow the four steps in order to ensure the quality of work, the best possible grade and meet all milestones and deadlines. We also include examples of good practices, copyright infringements, and bibliographical references. The project’s template is available online, on the elearning platform and can be customized on each subject/discipline. The first template draft must be approved by the teacher via online learning platform. The students follow the approved plan with regards to the materials, online resources, and weekly milestones. The final evaluation is based on the project presentation, peer review and teachers criteria on establishing the final grade.
Potensi limbah kulit buah Nyirih Xylocarpus granatum sebagai inhibitor tirosinase
Authors: Gazali Mohamad , Zamani Neviaty P , Batubara Irmanida 
Published: February 2023

The aim of the present study was to analyse the peel waste of Xylocarpus granatum fruits as potential source of tyrosinase inhibitors. Dried peel samples were ground to yield a powder (simplicia). Subsequently, they were extracted with organic solvents of distinct polarity levels, namely n-hexane (non-polar), chloroform (semi-polar) and methanol (polar) by use of the single-maceration method. Inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity (monophenolase) and DOPA auto-oxidation (diphenolase) were determined in bioassays. Assays with the methanol extract revealed IC50 values of 784.87 μg mL-1 (monophenolase) and of 1176.66 μg mL- 1 (diphenolase), respectively. In contrast, n-hexane and chloroform extracts showed no activity. These results indicate that the methanolic fruit peel extract contained tyrosinase-inhibiting compounds, such as flavonoids, tannins and saponins, whereas the nhexane and chloroform extracts yielded alkaloids, steroids and triterpenoids without tyrosinase-inhibiting activity. The phenolic compounds had a strong effect on the tyrosinase enzymes, inhibiting monophenolases by 97% and diphenolases by 96%, with a positive correlation between the total phenolic content and the inhibition rate in both activities. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kulit buah Xylocarpus granatum sebagai sumber potensial inhibitor tirosinase. Sampel kering digiling untuk menghasilkan (serbuk) simplisia. Berikutnya, simplisia diekstraksi dengan pelarut organik dengan tingkat kepolaran yaitu n-heksana (non polar), kloroform (semi polar) dan metanol (polar) dengan menggunakan metode maserasi tunggal. Pengaruh inhibisi didalam aktivitas tirosinase (monofenolase) dan auto-oksidasi DOPA (difenolase) ditentukan di dalam uji. Uji ekstrak metanol menunjukkan masing-masing nilai IC50: 784,87 μg mL-1 (monofenolase) dan nilai IC50: 1176,66 μg mL- 1 (difenolase). Sebaliknya, ekstrak n-heksana dan kloroform menunjukkan tidak ada aktivitas. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol kulit buah X. granatum mengandung senyawa-senyawa yang menghambat aktivitas tirosinase seperti flavonoid, tanin dan saponin sedangkan ekstrak n-heksana dan kloroform menghasilkan senyawa alkaloid, steroid, dan triterpenoid tanpa penghambatan aktivitas tirosinase. Senyawa fenolik mempunyai pengaruh kuat dalam menginhibisi enzim tirosinase baik aktivitas monofenolase sebesar 97% dan aktivitas difenolase sebesar 96% dengan korelasi positif antara kandungan total fenol dan tingkat inhibisi pada kedua aktivitas
0.2-4.0 THz broadband terahertz detector based on antenna-coupled AlGaN/GaN HEMTs arrayed in a bow-tie pattern
Authors: Zhu Yifan , Ding Qingfeng , Xiang Lanyong , Zhang Jinfeng , Li Xinxing , Jin Lin , Shangguan Yang , Sun Jiandong , Qin Hua 
Published: February 2023

To satisfy the demand for broadband and high-sensitivity terahertz detectors, we designed and verified a broadband terahertz detector built with antenna-coupled AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs). Eighteen pairs of dipole antennas with different center frequency from 0.24 to 7.4 THz are arrayed into a bow-tie pattern. The corresponding eighteen transistors have common a source and a drain but different gated channels coupled by the corresponding antennas. The photocurrents generated by each gated channel are combined in the drain as the output port. With incoherent terahertz radiation from a hot blackbody in a Fourier-transform spectrometer (FTS), the detector exhibits a continuous response spectrum from 0.2 to 2.0 THz at 298 K and from 0.2 to 4.0 THz at 77 K, respectively. The results agree well with simulations taking into account the silicon lens, antenna and blackbody radiation law. The sensitivity is characterized under coherent terahertz irradiation, the average noise-equivalent power (NEP) is about 188 pW/Hz at 298 K and 19 pW/Hz at 77 K from 0.2 to 1.1 THz, respectively. A maximum optical responsivity of 0.56 A/W and a minimum NEP of 7.0 pW/Hz at 0.74 THz are achieved at 77 K. The blackbody response spectrum is divided by the blackbody radiation intensity to obtain a performance spectrum, which is calibrated by measuring coherence performance from 0.2 to 1.1 THz to evaluate detector performance at frequencies above 1.1 THz. At 298 K, the NEP is about 1.7 nW/Hz at 2.0 THz. At 77 K, the NEP is about 3 nW/Hz at 4.0 THz. For further improvements in sensitivity and bandwidth, high-bandwidth coupling components, smaller series resistance, smaller gate lengths and high-mobility materials need to be considered.
Electromyographic analysis of the stomatognathic system of children with Molar-incisor hypomineralization
Authors: Carvalho Milena Rodrigues , Regalo Simone Cecilio Hallak , Siéssere Selma , Gonçalves Lígia Maria Napolitano , Paula-Silva Francisco Wanderley Garcia de , Vicioni-Marques Fernanda , Nelson-Filho Paulo , Vasconcelos Paulo Batista de , Carvalho Fabrício Kitazono de , Queiroz Alexandra Mussolino de 
Published: February 2023

Introduction
Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a qualitative defect of dental enamel that affects one or more permanent first molars, with or without involvement of the incisor teeth. This condition leads to challenges to dental care and treatment planning.

Aim
Based on the hypothesis that children who have MIH possibly present alterations in postural and masticatory activities and considering the absence of studies investigating these parameters, the present study evaluated the functionality of the stomatognathic system considering the mentioned aspects.

Materials
The comparison of individuals with (MIHG; n = 32) and without MIH (CG; n = 32) was evaluated by electromyographic activity of the masseter and temporal muscles (right and left), as well as evaluation of the masticatory cycles during habitual mastication.

Results
MIHG showed muscle hyperactivity in postural and dynamic conditions compared to the CG; higher electromyographic values for MIHG when compared to CG in the following postural conditions: at rest for the right temporal (p = 0.00) and left temporal muscles (p = 0.03); in the protrusion to the right temporal muscle (p = 0.02); in the right laterality for the right masseter (p = 0.00) and left temporal muscles (p = 0.01); in the left laterality for the right masseter (p = 0.03) and left temporal (p = 0.04) muscles. In dynamic conditions with consistent food, significance was observed for the left temporal (p = 0.01); and with soft food for the right (p = 0.01) and left temporal muscles (p = 0.04).

Conclusions
Children with MIH seem to have impaired functionality of the stomatognathic system. Children with MIH have alterations in the stomatognathic system.
Exploratory study: Evaluation of a symptom checker effectiveness for providing a diagnosis and evaluating the situation emergency compared to emergency physicians using simulated and standardized patients
Authors: Abensur Vuillaume Laure , Turpinier Julien , Cipolat Lauriane , Arnaud-Dépil-Duval  , Dumontier Thomas , Peschanski Nicolas , Kieffer Yann , Barbat Boris , Riquier Thomas , Dinot Vincent , Galland Joris 
Published: February 2023

Background
The overloading of health care systems is an international problem. In this context, new tools such as symptom checker (SC) are emerging to improve patient orientation and triage. This SC should be rigorously evaluated and we can take a cue from the way we evaluate medical students, using objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE) with simulated patients.

Objective
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a symptom checker versus emergency physicians using OSCEs as an assessment method.

Methods
We explored a method to evaluate the ability to set a diagnosis and evaluate the emergency of a situation with simulation. A panel of medical experts wrote 220 simulated patients cases. Each situation was played twice by an actor trained to the role: once for the SC, then for an emergency physician. Like a teleconsultation, only the patient’s voice was accessible. We performed a prospective non-inferiority study. If primary analysis had failed to detect non-inferiority, we have planned a superiority analysis.

Results
The SC established only 30% of the main diagnosis as the emergency physician found 81% of these. The emergency physician was also superior compared to the SC in the suggestion of secondary diagnosis (92% versus 52%). In the matter of patient triage (vital emergency or not), there is still a medical superiority (96% versus 71%). We prove a non-inferiority of the SC compared to the physician in terms of interviewing time.

Conclusions and relevance
We should use simulated patients instead of clinical cases in order to evaluate the effectiveness of SCs.
Clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with DOACs in a specialized anticoagulation center: Critical appraisal of real-world data
Authors: Moret Carla , Acosta-Isaac René , Mojal Sergi , Corrochano Mariana , Jiménez Blanca , Plaza Melania , Souto Juan Carlos 
Published: February 2023

Aims
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are progressively replacing vitamin K antagonists in the prevention of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, their real-world clinical outcomes appear to be contradictory, with some studies reporting fewer and others reporting higher complications than the pivotal randomized controlled trials. We present the results of a clinical model for the management of DOACs in real clinical practice and provide a review of the literature.

Methods
The MACACOD project is an ongoing, observational, prospective, single-center study with unselected patients that focuses on rigorous DOAC selection, an educational visit, laboratory measurements, and strict follow-up.

Results
A total of 1,259 patients were included. The composite incidence of major complications was 4.93% py in the whole cohort vs 4.49% py in the edoxaban cohort. The rate of all-cause mortality was 6.11% py for all DOACs vs 5.12% py for edoxaban. There weren’t differences across sex or between Edoxaban reduced or standard doses. However, there were differences across ages, with a higher incidence of major bleeding complications in patients >85 years (5.13% py vs 1.69% py in <75 years).

Conclusions
We observed an incidence of serious complications of 4.93% py, in which severe bleeding predominated (3.65% py). Considering our results, more specialized attention seems necessary to reduce the incidence of severe complications and also a more critical view of the literature. Considering our results, and our indirect comparison with many real-world studies, more specialized attention seems necessary to reduce the incidence of severe complications in AF patients receiving DOACs.
Molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium species in Kpong and its environs, Ghana
Authors: Mensah George T. , Ayeh-Kumi Patrick F. , Annang Abraham K. , Owusu-Frimpong Isaac , Niampoma Sena , Brown Charles A. 
Published: February 2023

Background
Cryptosporidium is a ubiquitous enteric protozoan pathogen infecting humans, domestic animals, and wildlife worldwide. It is a waterborne pathogen with recognized zoonotic potential and a definite cause of diarrhea and nutritional disorders in institutional and community settings. One challenge facing the world’s supply of clean drinking water is contamination from feces and soil. It has been established that small quantities of oocysts, the infective stage, can cause human disease. Also, their resistance to chlorination and other water treatment procedures has been demonstrated. Kpong, a community in the Lower Manya Krobo Municipality of the Eastern Region of Ghana, is one of the primary sources of water supply to Accra, the capital city of Ghana. Being able to determine the effectiveness of water treatment processes and identifying sources of contamination of this pathogen in our water bodies is thus of public health importance. The study aimed to conduct molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium spp. in the Lower Manya Krobo Municipality.

Methodology/Principal findings
A total of 230 samples, 180 fecal samples from cattle and 50 water samples (tap water and well water) were collected from the following communities: Kpong, Akwernor, Ablotsi, Nuaso, and Atua, all in the Lower Manya Krobo Municipality. Samples were screened for Cryptosporidium by microscopy and PCR. The 18S rRNA gene was amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the final product was sequenced. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium from the fecal samples was estimated as 10% (18/180) by microscopy, while all 50 water samples were negative. However, PCR gave the prevalence of Cryptosporidium as 47.8% (86/180) for fecal samples and 20% (10/50) for water samples. Based on the 18S rRNA gene, three sequenced samples showed high homology to C. parvum species. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed this as these sequences clustered with C. parvum sequences from other countries.

Conclusion/Significance
Cryptosporidium parvum was identified as the persistent species in the study communities. This outcome supports the evidence that domesticated animals serve as potential reservoirs of zoonotic transmission of cryptosporidiosis. The persistence of cryptosporidiosis in cattle indicates its presence in the human population. In addition, the presence of Cryptosporidium parvum in the wells makes it alarming and necessary to consider a holistic approach such as One Health Strategies to identify and control cases in humans.
Randomized crossover trial of 2-week Garment electrocardiogram with dry textile electrode to reveal instances of post-ablation recurrence of atrial fibrillation underdiagnosed during 24-hour Holter monitoring
Authors: Machino Takeshi , Aonuma Kazutaka , Maruo Kazushi , Komatsu Yuki , Yamasaki Hiro , Igarashi Miyako , Nogami Akihiko , Ieda Masaki 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and often recurs despite catheter ablation. The recurrence of AF is often underdiagnosed by standard 24-hour electrocardiogram (ECG) because of its transient and silent nature. A garment-style ECG with a highly conductive textile electrode made of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOTPSS) and nanofiber (Garment ECG) has been developed that can provide longer-term continuous monitoring. This study investigated whether 2-week Garment ECG can reveal instances of AF recurrence in patients who are diagnosed as remaining in sinus rhythm by 24-hour Holter ECG.MethodsThe open-label randomized crossover study enrolled 67 patients (63.1±10.6 years old, 53 men) who had undergone initial AF ablation. Three months after ablation, patients were randomly assigned to group 1 (n = 35), 2-week Garment ECG followed by 24-hour Holter ECG, or group 2 (n = 32), 24-hour Holter ECG followed by 2-week Garment ECG. The detection of AF recurrence was compared between the two devices.ResultsThe Garment ECG showed AF recurrence in 12 patients (18%) compared to 4 patients for the Holter ECG (6%, p = 0.008). The ECG acquisition rate was higher for Holter ECG than for Garment ECG (100.0% [interquartile range 100.0–100.0%] versus 82.4% [71.1–91.0%], p<0.001), but the Garment ECG provided longer total analysis time (11.0 days [9.0–12.2 days] for Garment; 1.0 day [1.0–1.0 day] for Holter, p<0.001).ConclusionsDespite the lower ECG acquisition rate, the 2-week Garment ECG revealed instances of AF recurrence after ablation in patients who were underdiagnosed by 24-hour Holter ECG.Trial registrationClinical Trial Registration:URL:https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCTs032180018Unique Identifier:jRCTs032180018.
Impact of the “Looking after my health after cancer” peer-led active patient education program on cancer survivors and their caregivers: A qualitative study
Authors: Ulibarri-Ochoa Ainhoa , Sánchez-Gómez Sheila , Gamboa-Moreno Estíbaliz , Duo-Trecet Irene , Garate-Echenique Lucia , Belarra-Tellechea Begoña , Retana-García Lourdes Ochoa de 
Published: February 2023

Background
Cancer survival has doubled and is likely to continue increasing in the near future. Cancer survivors experience long-term adverse effects, with associated psychological changes, and often they have needs that are yet to be met. Recognizing the lack of continuity-of-care initiatives for cancer survivors and caregivers, Osakidetza Basque Health Service has started to implement through primary care a peer-led active patient education program called “Looking after my health after cancer”. This study explores how cancer survivors and their caregivers rate the experience of participating in the program, to what extent the program helps them understand and address their unmet felt needs, and helps them improve their activation for self-care and self-management.

Methods
A qualitative exploratory phenomenological study was conducted using five focus groups: four with cancer survivors (n = 29) and caregivers (n = 2), and one with peer leaders (n = 7). Narrative content analysis was performed using the constant comparison method, facilitated by Atlas-ti software. Descriptive analysis of sociodemographic and clinical data was performed. The study was developed according to the Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist.

Results
Five main themes emerged from the content analysis: 1) satisfaction with the program as a positive learning experience; 2) peer sharing and learning ("if they can, so can I"); 3) fears prior to attending the program; 4) becoming more aware of unmet felt needs and feeling understood in the “new normal”; and 5) a more positive view of their experience, helping them become active in self-care and empowered in the self-management of their condition.

Conclusions
The peer education program has shown to have a positive impact on cancer survivors and caregivers. It is necessary to design, implement and evaluate interventions of this type to address unmet felt needs during cancer survivorship and improve their quality of life.
Depression among people with chronic skin disease at Boru Meda Hospital in Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Nurye Yasin , Tareke Minale , Tadesse Meseret , Shegaw Maregu , Mekonen Tesfa 
Published: February 2023

Background
The comorbidity of depression with chronic skin disease negatively affects the quality of life and disease prognosis, creating an immense burden on patients, families, and the wider community. However, there are limited studies conducted on the prevalence of depression and associated factors among people with chronic skin disease in Ethiopia.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression among people with chronic skin disease at Boru Meda Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia.

Methods
An institutional-based cross-sectional study was carried out from March 10- April 18, 2021, among a total of 381 people with chronic skin disease. The Patient Health Questioner-9 was used to assess depression. A logistic regression analysis model with an adjusted odds ratio was used to assess the strength of associations between the outcome and predictor variables. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result
The magnitude of depression among people with chronic skin disease was 23.6% (95%Cl: 19.8%, 28.6%). We identified significantly increased odds of depression among participants with rural residence (AOR = 3.45, 95% CI: 1.64, 7.28), duration of illness above 5 years (AOR = 3.59, 95% CI: 1.31, 9.85), comorbid medical illness AOR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.06, 5.98), family history of mental illness (AOR = 3.39, 95% CI: 1.11, 10.41), non-adherence to chronic skin disease medications (AOR = 3.53, 95% CI: 1.20, 10.41), low self-image (AOR = 4.69, 95% CI: 2.25, 9.77), and perceived stigma (AOR = 4.61, 95% CI: 2.14, 9.92).

Conclusion
Depression was common among patients with chronic skin diseases. This study has indicated a need for proper screening of depression in the current medical treatment of patients with chronic skin disease in Boru Meda Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia.