bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of rater experience and referral question on detecting magnetic resonance imaging features of idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Bsteh Gabriel , Marik Wolfgang , Macher Stefan , Schmidbauer Victor , Krajnc Nik , Pruckner Philip , Mitsch Christoph , Novak Klaus , Wöber Christian , Pemp Berthold 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeIn idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features are promising diagnostic markers, but the impact of rater experience and the specific referral question is unknown.MethodsFrom the Vienna Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension database, patients were included with definitive IIH and routine cranial MRI performed during diagnostic work‐up. Frequencies of partial empty sella (ES), optic nerve sheath distension (ONSD), optic nerve tortuosity (ONT), posterior globe flattening (PGF) and transverse sinus stenosis (TSS) were compared in three settings: (i) real‐world rating, (ii) junior neuroradiologist without special IIH training and (iii) senior neuroradiologist with experience in IIH imaging (gold standard).ResultsMagnetic resonance imaging scans of 84 IIH patients (88% female, mean age 33.5 years) were evaluated. By gold standard, ONSD was the most frequent (64.3%) followed by TSS (60.0%), ONT (46.4%), ES (44.4%) and PGF (23.8%). Compared to the gold standard, IIH features were described significantly less frequently in routine MRI reports (ONSD 28.6%, ONT 13.1%, PGF 4.8%, TSS 42.9%, p < 0.01 respectively) except for ES (42.9%, p = 0.9). A specific referral question regarding IIH increased detection rates in routine reports, but rates remained significantly lower than by gold standard. In contrast, a rating by a neuroradiologist without special training produced significantly higher frequencies of ONSD (81.0%, p < 0.01) and ONT (60.7%, p < 0.01) but not of ES (47.6%), PGF (29.8%) and TSS (68.1%).ConclusionsIdiopathic intracranial hypertension MRI features are underestimated in routine MRI reports and partly overcalled by less experienced neuroradiologists, driven by features less well known or methodologically difficult. Reevaluation of MRI scans by an experienced rater (and to a lesser degree a specific referral question) improves diagnostic accuracy.
Global distribution and climatic controls of natural mountain treelines
Authors: He Xinyue , Jiang Xin , Spracklen Dominick V. , Holden Joseph , Liang Eryuan , Liu Hongyan , Xu Chongyang , Du Jianhui , Zhu Kai , Elsen Paul R. , Zeng Zhenzhong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMountain treelines are thought to be sensitive to climate change. However, how climate impacts mountain treelines is not yet fully understood as treelines may also be affected by other human activities. Here, we focus on “closed‐loop” mountain treelines (CLMT) that completely encircle a mountain and are less likely to have been influenced by human land‐use change. We detect a total length of ~916,425 km of CLMT across 243 mountain ranges globally and reveal a bimodal latitudinal distribution of treeline elevations with higher treeline elevations occurring at greater distances from the coast. Spatially, we find that temperature is the main climatic driver of treeline elevation in boreal and tropical regions, whereas precipitation drives CLMT position in temperate zones. Temporally, we show that 70% of CLMT have moved upward, with a mean shift rate of 1.2 m/year over the first decade of the 21st century. CLMT are shifting fastest in the tropics (mean of 3.1 m/year), but with greater variability. Our work provides a new mountain treeline database that isolates climate impacts from other anthropogenic pressures, and has important implications for biodiversity, natural resources, and ecosystem adaptation in a changing climate.
Severe forms of influenza infections admitted in intensive care units: Analysis of mortality factors
Authors: Verdier Victor , Lilienthal François , Desvergez Arnaud , Gazaille Virgile , Winer Arnaud , Paganin Fabrice 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe severe forms of influenza infection requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission remain a medical challenge due to its high mortality. New H1N1 strains were hypothesized to increase mortality. The studies below represent a large series focusing on ICU‐admitted influenza patients over the last decade with an emphasis on factors related to death.MethodsA retrospective study of patients admitted in ICU for influenza infection over the 2010–2019 period in Réunion Island (a French overseas territory) was conducted. Demographic data, underlying conditions, and therapeutic management were recorded. A univariate analysis was performed to assess factors related to ICU mortality.ResultsThree hundred and fifty adult patients were analyzed. Overall mortality was 25.1%. Factors related to higher mortality were found to be patient age >65, cancer history, need for intubation, early intubation within 48 h after admission, invasive mechanical ventilation (MV), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), vaso‐support drugs, extracorporal oxygenation by membrane (ECMO), dialysis, bacterial coinfection, leucopenia, anemia, and thrombopenia. History of asthma and oseltamivir therapy were correlated with a lower mortality. H1N1 did not impact mortality.ConclusionPatient's underlying conditions influence hospital admission and secondary ICU admission but were not found to impact ICU mortality except in patients age >65, history of cancer, and bacterial coinfections. Pulmonary involvement was often present, required MV, and often evolved toward ARDS. ICU mortality was strongly related to ARDS severity. We recommend rapid ICU admission of patients with influenza‐related pneumonia, management of bacterial coinfection, and early administration of oseltamivir.
Activated carbon@silver nanoparticles conjugates as SERS substrate for capturing malathion analyte molecules for SERS detection
Authors: Aheto Joshua Harrington , Huang Xingyi , Tian Xiaoyu , Zhang Xiaorui , Zhang Wuhao , Yu Shanshan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMalathion is one of the commonly used organophosphate pesticides known to attack the central nervous system, posing a risk to humans and other animals upon exposure. The surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been identified as an indispensable tool for chemical and biomolecular sensing. In this work, the facile fabrication of activated carbon (AC)‐based colloidal SERS active substrate dubbed AC@AgNPs was designed by trapping AgNPs on the surface of AC for detection of varying concentrations of malathion. Apart from the higher concentrations of malathion, the rest of the normal Raman spectra of malathion standard solutions exhibited weak Raman signals. The intensity of peaks for 0.47 mg L−1 were nearly non‐existent which is an indication that the malathion pesticide could only be detected up to 0.95 mg L−1 when using silica wafer. On the contrary, all the SERS spectra of malathion in wheat extracts adsorbed on AC@AgNPs substrate exhibited strong Raman signals. Quantitative analysis of malathion was performed by regression models developed using PLSR built with the raw spectra (no pretreatment), SNV‐PLSR, and SNV‐CARS‐PLSR. The model with the most remarkable performance was established by using SNV‐PLSR with r = 0.9869 and RPD = 4.61. This research shows that the proposed method can rapidly detect malathion residues in wheat, suggesting that it could be adopted for production process monitoring of other related food products to guarantee their safety for human and animal consumption.
Relationship between illness perception and self‐management behaviors among Chinese diabetic foot patients
Authors: Xiong Chenxia , He Yi , Zhang Yue , Mai Lifang , Chen Jing , Zhang Yuening , Yan Jun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimThe aims of the present study are to describe the status of self‐management behaviors and illness perception, and explore the relationship between illness perception and self‐management behaviors among Chinese diabetic foot patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted at the endocrinology department of a comprehensive tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, China. Data were collected on illness perception, self‐management behaviors, and demographic and clinical characteristics over 9 months among 156 subjects. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis, univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsOnly 3.2% of participants maintained excellent self‐management behaviors. Additionally, the participants perceived diabetic foot as chronic and could be well controlled through treatment. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that illness perception was associated with self‐management behaviors.ConclusionsPatient illness perception is an important factor influencing self‐management behaviors. It may be helpful to improve self‐management behaviors by tailoring the content of the intervention to fit the patients' illness perceptions.
Complex Asset Markets
Authors: EISFELDT ANDREA L. , LUSTIG HANNO , ZHANG LEI 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTInvestors' individual arbitrage models introduce idiosyncratic risk into complex asset strategies, driving up average returns and Sharpe ratios. However, despite the attractive risk‐return trade‐off, participation is limited. This is because effective Sharpe ratios in complex asset markets vary with investors' expertise. Investors with higher expertise, better models, and lower resulting idiosyncratic risk exposures realize higher Sharpe ratios. Their demand deters entry by less sophisticated investors. As predicted by our model, market dislocations are characterized by an increase in idiosyncratic risk, investor exit, and persistently elevated alphas and Sharpe ratios. The selection effect from higher expertise agents' more favorable Sharpe ratios is unique to our model and key to our main results.
Technology strategies in converging technology systems: Evidence from printed electronics
Authors: Wambsganss Annika , Bröring Stefanie , Salomo Søren , Sick Nathalie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNovel technology systems, such as “fiber optics” and “printed electronics,” increasingly emerge at the interface of hitherto unrelated technology areas. As such, new technology systems often arise through technology convergence, characterized by integrating technology components and knowledge from different technology systems, resulting in a novel system architecture. This phenomenon is of utmost societal relevancy but simultaneously poses tremendous challenges for firms' technology strategies. Firms must not only cope with unrelated knowledge rooted in hitherto different technologies but also have to decide deliberately how systemic (i.e., complete technology system) versus focused (i.e., single component of the technology system) their engagement in technology development in the converging technology system ought to be. In addition, firms need to decide strategically to what extent to develop specialized or design knowledge. Extant concepts of technology strategy fall short of capturing this complexity inherent in converging technology systems. Therefore, to address how technology strategies co‐evolve along with the emergence of new technology systems, this study adds a systems perspective to technology strategy by developing the concept of technology system coverage. This novel dimension of technology strategy is formed by the scope (i.e., focused vs. systemic coverage of the technology system) and type of technological knowledge (i.e., specialized or design knowledge). We empirically apply this novel angle of technology strategy to the convergence field of printed electronics. Based on a longitudinal set of 828 patents over 30 years, 74 relevant corporate actors are identified. The underlying taxonomy enables us to reveal four technology strategies and develop five propositions. The results indicate that all firms build design knowledge over time, whereas not all firms build specialized knowledge, no matter what technology strategy is pursued. In sum, this work advances literature by understanding technology strategy in emerging complex technology systems, introducing a systems perspective.
Next‐generation sequencing reveals hidden genomic diversity in glacial relicts: A case study of Meesia triquetra
Authors: Mikulášková Eva , Peterka Tomáš , Šmerda Jakub , Hájek Michal 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe recent development of genetic methods has facilitated the identification of cryptic species across different groups of organisms, including plants. However, next‐generation sequencing has rarely been used to study cryptic speciation in plants, especially in bryophytes, organisms with a dominant haploid life phase. The ability to capture variation across the whole genome makes this method an effective tool for distinguishing cryptic lineages. We have focused on the genetic structure of the moss Meesia triquetra along the Alps‐to‐Scandinavia transect. We detected the presence of the two genetically critically different lineages of M. triquetra in Europe. These lineages overlap in both morphological characters of the gametophyte and distribution ranges. However, they considerably differ in ecological preferences to groundwater pH. While lineage 1 occupied alkaline to subneutral fens, lineage 2 occurred in fens saturated with neutral to acidic water. We consider the entities cryptic species with respect to genetic and ecological differences but the absence of morphological features necessary for determining the entities. We hypothesize that fragmentation of the ancestral population of the moss in geographically isolated refugia differing in the commonness of acidic and alkaline substrates led to consequent long‐term adaptation to different environmental conditions, then drove diversification in M. triquetra.
The US21 viroporin of human cytomegalovirus stimulates cell migration and adhesion
Authors: Luganini Anna , Serra Valentina , Scarpellino Giorgia , Bhat Shree Madhu , Munaron Luca , Fiorio Pla Alessandra , Gribaudo Giorgio 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) US12 gene family contributes to virus-host interactions by regulating the virus’ cell tropism and its evasion of host innate immune responses. US21, one of the 10 US12 genes (US12–US21), is a descendant of a captured cellular transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif-containing gene. It encodes a 7TMD endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident viroporin (pUS21) capable of reducing the Ca
2+
content of ER stores, which, in turn, protects cells against apoptosis. Since regulation of Ca
2+
homeostasis affects a broad range of cellular responses, including cell motility, we investigated whether pUS21 might also interfere with this cytobiological consequence of Ca
2+
signaling. Indeed, deletion of the US21 gene impaired the ability of HCMV-infected cells to migrate, whereas expression of US21 protein stimulated cell migration and adhesion, as well as focal adhesion (FA) dynamics, in a way that depended on its ability to manipulate ER Ca
2+
content. Mechanistic studies revealed pUS21-mediated cell migration to involve calpain 2 activation since its inhibition prevented the viroporin’s effects on cell motility. Pertinently, pUS21 expression stimulated a store-operated Ca
2+
entry (SOCE) mechanism that may determine the activation of calpain 2 by promoting Ca
2+
entry. Furthermore, pUS21 was observed to interact with talin-1, a calpain 2 substrate, and crucial protein component of FA complexes. A functional consequence of this interaction was confirmed by talin-1 knockdown, which abrogated the pUS21-mediated increase in cell migration. Together, these results indicate the US21-encoded viroporin to be a viral regulator of cell adhesion and migration in the context of HCMV infection.

IMPORTANCE
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an opportunistic pathogen that owes part of its success to the capture, duplication, and tuning of cellular genes to generate modern viral proteins which promote infection and persistence in the host by interfering with many cell biochemical and physiological pathways. The US21 viral protein provides an example of this evolutionary strategy: it is a cellular-derived calcium channel that manipulates intracellular calcium homeostasis to confer edges to HCMV replication. Here, we report on the characterization of a novel function of the US21 protein as a viral regulator of cell migration and adhesion through mechanisms involving its calcium channel activity. Characterization of HCMV multifunctional regulatory proteins, like US21, supports the better understanding of viral pathogenesis and may open avenues for the design of new antiviral strategies that exploit their functions.
Mental health and quality of life among patients with chronic respiratory failure on domiciliary oxygen: a prospective cohort study from a tertiary care centre in India
Authors: Antony Thomas , Acharya Vishak K , Ray Rojina Anna , Holla Ramesh 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesThe study aims to assess the prevalence of anxiety, depression and the quality of life among patients with chronic respiratory failure and the changes in anxiety and depression scores after initiating domiciliary oxygen.Design and settingProspective, single-centre cohort study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in India.ParticipantsPatients of Indian origin with chronic respiratory failure who visited the hospital where domiciliary oxygen is indicated were included in the study. Patients with acute respiratory failure on a mechanical ventilator, haemodynamic instability and already-diagnosed psychiatric conditions were excluded from the study.InterventionsPatients who met the inclusion criteria were assessed at baseline, at 3 and 6 months, for anxiety and depression using the 7-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (GAD-7) and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Quality of life was evaluated using the WHO Quality of Life-BREF questionnaire.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome is the proportion of patients with chronic respiratory failure having depression and anxiety and assessing the changes in anxiety and depression scores after initiating domiciliary oxygen. The secondary outcome is the change in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients on domiciliary oxygen.Results121 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Of 102 patients who completed the study, 36.2% (n=37) had anxiety and 44.1% (n=45) had depression at baseline. There is a worsening trend in the mean GAD-7 (p=0.003) and PHQ-9 score (p=0.015) in patients over 6 months while on domiciliary oxygen. HRQOL is poor in all the domains at baseline, and there is a progressive worsening during follow-up while on oxygen.ConclusionsThe worsening trend in anxiety and depression in patients after initiating domiciliary oxygen may be related to social isolation, restricted mobility, economic issues, addictions and frequency of exacerbations. Screening for psychological problems in these patients at baseline and on follow-ups helps early detection, and prompt intervention could improve the quality of life and survival.
Psychological Impact of the Galleri test (sIG(n)al): protocol for a longitudinal evaluation of the psychological impact of receiving a cancer signal in the NHS-Galleri trial
Authors: Marlow Laura A V , Schmeising-Barnes Ninian , Warwick Jane , Waller Jo 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionMulti-cancer early detection (MCED) blood tests look for cancer signals in cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid. These tests have the potential to detect cancers at an earlier (asymptomatic) stage, improving cancer outcomes. Any screening method needs careful consideration of the psychological harms prior to implementation. The aim of this research is to explore the psychological impact of having a cancer signal detected following an MCED blood test.Methods and analysisThe project is embedded in the NHS-Galleri trial (ISRCTN91431511;NCT05611632), a large clinical trial in eight Cancer Alliances in England. In the trial, over 140 000 members of the general population aged 50–77 have been randomised 1:1 to either the intervention (blood tested with MCED test) or control (blood stored) arm. The proposed project focuses on participants in the intervention arm, who have a cancer signal detected. All participants who have a cancer signal detected (expected to be around 700 assuming a 1% test positive rate) will be sent a questionnaire at three timepoints: soon after receiving their result, 6 months and approximately 12 months later. The primary outcome is anxiety, assessed using the short-form 6-item Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory. We will also assess the psychological consequences of screening (using the Psychological Consequences of Screening Questionnaire), reassurance/concern about the test result, understanding of results and help/health-seeking behaviour. A subsample of 40 participants (20 with a cancer diagnosis and 20 for whom no cancer was found) will be invited to take part in a one-to-one semistructured interview.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this work has been granted by the Wales Research Ethics Committee as part of the NHS-Galleri trial (Ref 21/WA/0141). Consent to be sent questionnaires is collected as part of the main trial. A separate consent form will be required for interview. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations.
Determining efficacy of dynamic multimedia bowel preparation instructions versus standard instructions on adenoma detection and patient reported measures (DIGICLEAN trial): a study protocol for a multicentre, colonoscopist-blinded, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Au Michael , Low Patrick , Rennie Michael , Mohseni Marriam , Song Yang , Kim Narae , Baraty Brandon , Mitrev Nikola , He Emily , Ho Vincent , Leong Rupert , Kariyawasam Viraj 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionColonoscopy plays important roles in bowel cancer screening and treatment. Poor bowel preparation occurs in 20–25% of colonoscopies. This negatively impacts adenoma and sessile serrated lesion detection rates, procedural time, requirement for repeat colonoscopies, healthcare costs and likelihood of patient withdrawal from screening programmes. It is unclear whether a combination of multimedia modalities can improve bowel preparation quality, adenoma detection rates and patient-reported measures in those undergoing colonoscopy assessment.MethodsThe DIGICLEAN trial is a prospective, parallel, multicentre, colonoscopist-blinded, randomised controlled trial. The trial will enrol 1294 participants aged 45 years and older who are indicated for a colonoscopy as an outpatient with a positive faecal occult blood test, iron deficiency anaemia or rectal bleeding. Participants will be randomised into the interventional arm, where bowel preparation instructions are delivered via a web-based application which uses scheduled short messaging service, regular patient survey assessment, email and videos; or the control arm, where routine standard written, verbal or emailed instructions are administered. The web-based application will assess patient-reported bloating, constipation and dietary adherence leading up to the colonoscopy. Depending on patient responses, additional aperients may be encouraged digitally in the interventional arm with same instructions made available in written format for the control arm. Patient-reported measures will be collected in both arms the day after the procedure using the validated Newcastle ENDOPREM questionnaire. In some sites, participants will undergo digital pre-anaesthetic screening as well. The co-primary endpoints are the adenoma detection rates and patient-reported measures taken after the colonoscopy.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval for this study was obtained from the Western Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee (2022/ETH00059). Findings will be reported at national and international gastroenterology meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberACTRN12622000747729.