bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confusion among doctors regarding sports and exercise medicine as a specialty: an Australian multidisciplinary, cross-sectional survey
Authors: Ooi James Jian Yun , Hutchinson Robin , Harris Gregory A 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesThis cross-sectional study aims to characterise the understanding and attitudes medical practitioners have towards sports and exercise medicine (SEM). By identifying knowledge gaps, misunderstandings and barriers to SEM referral, interventions may be suggested to improve the integration of SEM within a multidisciplinary approach to healthcare.DesignA survey was constructed with a multidisciplinary expert panel. Refinement and consensus were achieved through a modified Delphi method. Both quantitative and qualitative data were analysed and intergroup comparisons made using χ2test of independence and post-hoc paired comparisons.SettingThe questionnaire was distributed across Australian public and private health sectors, in community and hospital-based settings.ParticipantsAustralian medical doctors practising in specialties likely to intersect with SEM were invited; including general practice, orthopaedics, emergency, rheumatology and anaesthetics/pain. Invitation was uncapped with no reportable response rate. A total of 120 complete responses were collectedResultsThe minority (42.5%) of respondents understood the role and scope of sports and exercise physicians. SEM was poorly recognised and comprehended, with the most common misconception being that SEM is solely for elite athletes and performance. Few (20%) doctors were familiar with referral pathways to SEM services. Lack of awareness, clear scope and public presence were seen as major barriers. There was near unanimous (92.5%) agreement that ‘exercise is medicine’. A strong majority felt SEM would be valuable to collaborate with more in their current practice (63.3%) and as a part of the Australian public health system (82.5%). There were some significant differences among subgroups, including that junior doctors were more likely to express confusion about SEM.ConclusionsAmong non-SEM doctors, there is significant lack of clarity regarding the role of SEM and its optimal integration. Interdisciplinary education and addressing misconceptions may improve the contribution of SEM to community healthcare.
Longitudinal observational study protocol – Preterm Infants: Microbiome Establishment, Neuro-CrossTalk and Origins (PIMENTO)
Authors: Healy David , Wang Shuo , Grimaud Ghjuvan , Warda Alicja Katarzyna , Ross Paul , Stanton Catherine , Dempsey Eugene M 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionVery preterm infants are at risk of abnormal microbiome colonisation in the first weeks to months of life. Several important associated factors have been identified including gestational age, mode of delivery, antibiotic exposure and feeding. Preterm infants are at risk of a number of pathologies for which the microbiome may play a central role, including necrotising enterocolitis and sepsis. The objective of this study is to determine detailed microbiome changes that occur around implementation of different management practices including empiric antibiotic use, advancement of feeds and administration of probiotics during admission to the neonatal intensive care unit.Methods and analysisA single-site, longitudinal observational study of infants born less than 32 weeks gestation, including collection of maternal samples around delivery and breastmilk and infant samples from admission through discharge from the neonatal unit.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Cork Teaching Hospitals.The findings from this study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, during scientific conferences, and directly to the study participants. Sequencing data will be deposited in public databases.Trial registration numberNCT05803577.
Classification of gravitational waves in higher-dimensional space-time and possibility of observation
Authors: Liu Yu-Qiang , Dong Yu-Qi , Liu Yu-Xiao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe direct detection of gravitational waves opens the possibility to test general relativity and its alternatives in the strong field regime. Here we focus on the test of the existence of extra dimensions. The classification of gravitational waves in metric gravity theories according to their polarizations in higher-dimensional space-time and the possible observation of these polarizations in three-dimensional subspace are discussed in this work. We also show that the difference in the response of gravitational waves in detectors with and without extra dimensions can serve as evidence for the existence of extra dimensions.
MATOQ: a Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport in environmental-friendly gas mixtures for Resistive Plate Chambers
Authors: Bianchi Antonio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe increasing interest in environmental-friendly gas mixtures for gaseous particle detectors, especially tetrafluoropropene-based gas mixtures for Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs), has prompted in recent years the need for simulating electron transport coefficients and reaction rates in these mixtures. MATOQ is a Monte Carlo simulation program that calculates electron transport parameters, specifically designed for studying and optimizing environmental-friendly gas mixtures for RPCs. Unlike other existing codes, MATOQ allows for the simulation of electron avalanches by including the effect of space charge electric field, which can significantly impact the avalanche evolution in gaseous detectors such as RPCs. After the validation of the MATOQ simulation in the temporal and spatial growth configurations, we present the electron transport coefficients and the reaction rates in tetrafluoropropene-based gas mixtures, which may represent a valid alternative to the standard gas mixtures currently used for RPCs.
Agrofood Waste and By-Product Valorization, Extraction, and Characterization of Pectin from the Waste Biomass Fruit Peel of Aframomum angustifolium Using Response Surface Methodology as Alternative Sources of a Functional Pectin
Authors: Mbaku Akuro Blaise , Ngwasiri Pride Ndasi , Ambindei Wilson Agwanande , Ngwabie Ngwa Martin , Ngassoum Martin Benoit 
Published: September 2023

Applications of pectin in the food industry are strongly influenced by their source, structures, and extraction methods, which affect their functionalities. This research aims to extract and assess pectin’s physicochemical and functional properties from waste biomass peels of Aframomum angustifolium as an alternate source using acid (AAE) and microwave extraction (MAE) methods. Pectin extracted from A. angustifolium was compared based on yield, color, moisture, equivalent weight, methoxyl content (MC), and degree of esterification (DegE). Response surface experimental design was used to study the effect of the extraction process pectin such as the yield and the DegE. MAE had a significantly higher % yield of 4.74 ± 0.1% and a lower equivalent weight of 852.49 ± 16.59 mg/ml than AAE with 3.09 ± 0.03% and 882.1 ± 9.04 mg/ml, respectively, with light brown color. The lower moisture contents of 6.5%, MC of 33.06%, and DegE of 67.96% were obtained by MAE compared to 6.9%, 31.85%, and 66.61%, respectively, for AAE. The time and temperature had a positive significant effect (

p

< 0.05) on % pectin yield for MAE and AAE, while time and pH squared had a negative. Temperature squared had a negative significance on % DE, and pH had a positive significance using AAE and MAE. Optimal conditions for MAE obtained were the power of 555.18W, pH of 2.79, and time of 40.69 min with optimum desirability of 0.829, while for acid extraction, the temperature of 72.95°C, pH of 2.31, and time of 142.55 min with the desirability of 0.88. A highly functionalized pectin can be extracted from the peels of A. angustifolium as an alternate source.
Insurance-Based Disparities in Stroke Center Access in California: A Network Science Approach
Authors: Zachrison Kori S. , Hsia Renee Y. , Schwamm Lee H. , Yan Zhiyu , Samuels-Kalow Margaret E. , Reeves Mathew J. , Camargo Carlos A. , Onnela Jukka-Pekka 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
Our objectives were to determine whether there is an association between ischemic stroke patient insurance and likelihood of transfer overall and to a stroke center and whether hospital cluster modified the association between insurance and likelihood of stroke center transfer.

METHODS:
This retrospective network analysis of California data included every nonfederal hospital ischemic stroke admission from 2010 to 2017. Transfers from an emergency department to another hospital were categorized based on whether the patient was discharged from a stroke center (primary or comprehensive). We used logistic regression models to examine the relationship between insurance (private, Medicare, Medicaid, uninsured) and odds of (1) any transfer among patients initially presenting to nonstroke center hospital emergency departments and (2) transfer to a stroke center among transferred patients. We used a network clustering method to identify clusters of hospitals closely connected through transfers. Within each cluster, we quantified the difference between insurance groups with the highest and lowest proportion of transfers discharged from a stroke center.

RESULTS:
Of 332 995 total ischemic stroke encounters, 51% were female, 70% were ≥65 years, and 3.5% were transferred from the initial emergency department. Of 52 316 presenting to a nonstroke center, 3466 (7.1%) were transferred. Relative to privately insured patients, there were lower odds of transfer and of transfer to a stroke center among all groups (Medicare odds ratio, 0.24 [95% CI, 0.22–0.26] and 0.59 [95% CI, 0.50–0.71], Medicaid odds ratio, 0.26 [95% CI, 0.23–0.29] and odds ratio, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.38–0.62], uninsured odds ratio, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.63–0.89], and 0.72 [95% CI, 0.6–0.8], respectively). Among the 14 identified hospital clusters, insurance-based disparities in transfer varied and the lowest performing cluster (also the largest; n=2364 transfers) fully explained the insurance-based disparity in odds of stroke center transfer.

CONCLUSIONS:
Uninsured patients had less stroke center access through transfer than patients with insurance. This difference was largely explained by patterns in 1 particular hospital cluster.
mTORC1 Inhibitor Rapamycin Inhibits Growth of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation in Adult Mice
Authors: Li Lun , Ren Aileen A. , Gao Siqi , Su Yourong S. , Yang Jisheng , Bockman Jenna , Mericko-Ishizuka Patricia , Griffin Joanna , Shenkar Robert , Alcazar Roberto , Moore Thomas , Lightle Rhonda , DeBiasse Dorothy , Awad Issam A. , Marchuk Douglas A. , Kahn Mark L. , Burkhardt Jan-Karl 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular malformations that frequently cause stroke. CCMs arise due to loss of function in one of the genes that encode the CCM complex, a negative regulator of MEKK3-KLF2/4 signaling in vascular endothelial cells. Gain-of-function mutations in
PIK3CA
(encoding the enzymatic subunit of the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) pathway associated with cell growth) synergize with CCM gene loss-of-function to generate rapidly growing lesions.

METHODS:

We recently developed a model of CCM formation that closely reproduces key events in human CCM formation through inducible CCM loss-of-function and
PIK3CA
gain-of-function in mature mice. In the present study, we use this model to test the ability of rapamycin, a clinically approved inhibitor of the PI3K effector mTORC1, to treat rapidly growing CCMs.

RESULTS:
We show that both intraperitoneal and oral administration of rapamycin arrests CCM growth, reduces perilesional iron deposition, and improves vascular perfusion within CCMs.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings further establish this adult CCM model as a valuable preclinical model and support clinical testing of rapamycin to treat rapidly growing human CCMs.
Focal Aneurysm Wall Enhancement in Vessel Wall Imaging as a Surrogate Marker for Predicting Aneurysm Instability
Authors: Hashimoto Yukishige , Matsushige Toshinori , Kawano Reo , Hara Takeshi , Kobayashi Shohei , Kaneko Mayumi , Ono Chiaki , Horie Nobutaka 
Published: September 2023

Background
The establishment of a risk stratification method for unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) remains an interdisciplinary challenge. The present study attempted to identify unstable UIAs using magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging in prospective data sets. Hemodynamic parameters in unstable UIAs were also examined to clarify the mechanisms by which segmented aneurysm wall enhancement (AWE) affects longitudinal morphological changes.

Methods
Patients with UIAs who underwent contrast‐enhanced vessel wall imaging between 2017 and 2022 and were followed up for more than 6 months were included. Two readers independently rated AWE patterns (no, focal, and circumferential AWE) on vessel wall imaging and morphological changes on time‐of‐flight magnetic resonance angiography. Computational fluid dynamics studies were performed on unstable UIAs to evaluate the hemodynamic features of evolved or ruptured points in aneurysm walls.

Results

Aneurysm growth was observed in 13 of 114 UIAs in the present study during a median follow‐up of 34 months. Of the 13 growing UIAs, their AWE patterns were as follows: no AWE in 6 and focal AWE (FAWE) in 7 UIAs. Univariable Cox regression analysis showed that aneurysm size and FAWE were associated with aneurysm growth. On multivariable Cox regression analysis, FAWE (hazard ratio, 4.59 [95% CI, 1.29–16.3];
P
=0.019) was independently associated with aneurysm growth. Kaplan–Meier curve revealed significant differences between AWE patterns and UIA growth (
P
<0.001). Aneurysms ruptured in the 4 UIAs with FAWE during the follow‐up and all rupture points corresponded to nonenhanced lesions in aneurysm walls. Nonenhanced areas had higher wall shear stress than enhanced areas (1.59±1.02 versus 0.53±0.32;
P
=0.022).

Conclusion
FAWE may be associated with aneurysm growth and rupture during follow‐up. A comprehensive analysis of nonenhanced areas of UIAs with FAWE using vessel wall imaging and computational fluid dynamics provides insights into the mechanisms underlying aneurysm instability.
On the Detection of Remotely Sensed Soil Moisture Extremes
Authors: Leeper Ronald D. , Palecki Michael A. , Watts Matthew , Diamond Howard 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Remotely sensed soil moisture observations provide an opportunity to monitor hydrological conditions from droughts to floods. The European Space Agency’s (ESA) Climate Change Initiative has released both Combined and Passive datasets, which include multiple satellites’ measurements of soil moisture conditions since the 1980s. In this study, both volumetric soil moisture and soil moisture standardized anomalies from the U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) were compared with ESA’s Combined and Passive datasets. Results from this study indicate the importance of using standardized anomalies over volumetric soil moisture conditions as satellite datasets were unable to capture the frequency of conditions observed at the extreme ends of the volumetric distribution. Overall, the Combined dataset had slightly lower measures of soil moisture anomaly errors for all regions; although these differences were not statistically significant. Both satellite datasets were able to detect the evolution from worsening to amelioration of the 2012 drought across the central United States and 2019 flood over the upper Missouri River basin. While the ESA datasets were not able to detect the magnitude of the extremes, the ESA standardized datasets were able to detect the interannual variability of extreme wet and dry day counts for most climate regions. These results suggest that remotely sensed standardized soil moisture can be included in hydrological monitoring systems and combined with in situ measures to detect the magnitude of extreme conditions.

Significance Statement
This study examines how well soil moisture extremes, wet or dry, can be detected from space using one of the lengthiest remotely sensed soil moisture datasets. Comparisons with high-quality station data from the U.S. Climate Reference Network revealed the satellite datasets could capture the frequency of extreme conditions important for climate monitoring, but often missed the absolute magnitudes of the extremes. Future research should focus on how to combine satellite and station data to improve the detection of extreme values important for monitoring.
Lagrangian Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Intensification Simulated by General Circulation Models Compared with Observations
Authors: Song Chanwoo , Park Sungsu , Kim Siyun , Kim Juwon 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
To understand the intensification process of tropical cyclones (TCs), we analyzed the relationship between the TC intensification rate (I) and environmental variables along TC tracks during the time from TC genesis (tG) to maximum TC strength (tX), hereinafter τGX ≡ tX − tG, using a state-of-the-art general circulation model (GCM), observed TC tracks, and ERA5 data. During τGX, strong TCs with high I (sTCs) consume more convective available potential energy (CAPE) than weak TCs with low I (wTCs) and bring more CAPE from the equator to sustain sTCs. Compared to wTCs, sTCs prefer an unstable atmosphere with higher sea surface temperature (SST), stronger grid-mean upward flow at 500 hPa (ω500), more moisture convergence (MC), and weaker wind shear (Vs). Our GCM simulation shows that MC and CAPE have a single regression slope with I applicable both within and across climate regimes. Using machine learning, we found that the best combination of environmental variables (V6) for predicting I consists of ω500, MC, SST, midtropospheric stability (MTS), Vs, and latitude (|f|). Machine learning with V6 reproduces well the spatial distribution and interclimate changes of I: TCs are intensified in regions of stronger upward ω500, more MC, warmer SST, weaker MTS, smaller Vs, and larger |f|; TCs in a warmer climate have higher I than TCs in a colder climate due to more MC, warmer SST, but stronger MTS. These results are consistent with the conceptual understanding that TCs are intensified by the release of latent heat.
Contextualizing Disaster Phases Using Social Media Data: Hurricane Risk Visualizations during the Forecast and Warning Phase of Hurricane Irma
Authors: Prestley Robert , Morss Rebecca E. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Common disaster-phase models provide a useful heuristic for understanding how disasters evolve, but they do not adequately characterize the transitions between phases, such as the forecast and warning phase of predictable disasters. In this study, we use tweets posted by professional sources of meteorological information in Florida during Hurricane Irma (2017) to understand how visual risk communication evolves during this transition. We identify four subphases of the forecast and warning phase: the hypothetical threat, actualized threat, looming threat, and impact subphases. Each subphase is denoted by changes in the kinds of visual risk information disseminated by professional sources and retransmitted by the public, which are often driven by new information provided by the U.S. National Weather Service. In addition, we use regression analysis to understand the impact of tweet timing, content, risk visualization and other factors on tweet retransmission across Irma’s forecast and warning phase. We find that cone, satellite, and spaghetti-plot image types are retweeted more, while watch/warning imagery is retweeted less. In addition, manually generated tweets are retweeted more than automated tweets. These results highlight several information needs to incorporate into the current NWS hurricane forecast visualization suite, such as uncertainty and hazard-specific information at longer lead times, and the importance of investigating the effectiveness of different social media posting strategies. Our results also demonstrate the roles and responsibilities that professional sources engage in during these subphases, which builds understanding of disasters by contextualizing the subphases along the transition from long-term preparedness to postevent response and recovery.

Significance Statement
Visual information is an important tool for communicating about evolving tropical cyclone threats. In this study, we investigate the kinds of visualizations posted by professional weather communicators on Twitter during Hurricane Irma (2017) to understand how visual information shifts over time and whether different visuals are more retweeted. We find that visual information shifts substantially in the days before Irma’s impacts, and these shifts are often driven by changes in Irma’s strength or forecast track. Our results show that cone, satellite, and spaghetti-plot visualizations are retweeted more frequently, while watch/warning imagery is retweeted less. These results help us to understand how visual information evolves during predictable disasters, and they suggest ways that visual communication can be improved.
The International Turn in Far-Right Studies: A Critical Assessment
Authors: Campos Rodrigo Duque Estrada 
Published: September 2023

In recent years, there has been an intense public debate regarding the worldwide re-emergence of far-right politics and the ways in which it has engaged with the international. Surprisingly, thus far there have been no reflections on the broader implications of conceptualising the far-right in its international, transnational, and global dimensions. This article argues that we are witnessing an international turn in far-right studies that posits the international as constitutive of far-right politics, opening new forms of understanding it both from a historical and theoretical point of view. It develops a conceptual assessment of the international turn in three steps: first, it identifies that what binds this interdisciplinary literature together and breaks away from mainstream approaches is a shared critique of methodological nationalism; second, it classifies innovations in two different conceptual levels: the ‘globalisation front’, which sees transformations in the nature of far-right politics due the intensification of globalisation, and the ‘historiographical front’, which claims that the far-right has always been an international phenomenon. The article then analyses the main limitations of the international turn and offers a way to overcome it by articulating an intersocietal approach to the study of the far-right that draws from Global Historical Sociology. Le tournant international dans les études sur l’extrême droite : Une évaluation critique