bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute aerobic exercise enhances associative learning in regular exercisers but not in non-regular exercisers
Authors: Gultig Kayleigh D. , Boele Cornelis P. , Roggeveen Lotte E. M. , Soong Ting Fang , Koekkoek Sebastiaan K. E. , De Zeeuw Chris I. , Boele Henk-Jan 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionPhysical exercise has repeatedly been reported to have advantageous effects on brain functions, including learning and memory formation. However, objective tools to measure such effects are often lacking. Eyeblink conditioning is a well-characterized method for studying the neural basis of associative learning. As such, this paradigm has potential as a tool to assess to what extent exercise affects one of the most basic forms of learning. Until recently, however, using this paradigm for testing human subjects in their daily life was technically challenging. As a consequence, no studies have investigated how exercise affects eyeblink conditioning in humans. Here we hypothesize that acute aerobic exercise is associated with improved performance in eyeblink conditioning. Furthermore, we explored whether the effects of exercise differed for people engaging in regular exercise versus those who were not.MethodsWe conducted a case–control study using a smartphone-based platform for conducting neurometric eyeblink conditioning in healthy adults aged between 18 and 40 years (n = 36). Groups were matched on age, sex, and education level. Our primary outcome measures included the amplitude and timing of conditioned eyelid responses over the course of eyeblink training. As a secondary measure, we studied the amplitude of the unconditioned responses.ResultsAcute exercise significantly enhanced the acquisition of conditioned eyelid responses; however, this effect was only true for regularly exercising individuals. No statistically significant effects were established for timing of the conditioned responses and amplitude of the unconditioned responses.DiscussionThis study highlights a facilitative role of acute aerobic exercise in associative learning and emphasizes the importance of accounting for long-term exercise habits when investigating the acute effects of exercise on brain functioning.
Prediction of clinical efficacy of acupuncture intervention on upper limb dysfunction after ischemic stroke based on machine learning: a study driven by DSA diagnostic reports data
Authors: Liu Yaning , Tang Yuqi , Li Zechen , Yu Pei , Yuan Jing , Zeng Lichuan , Wang Can , Li Su , Zhao Ling 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo develop a machine learning-based model for predicting the clinical efficacy of acupuncture intervention in patients with upper limb dysfunction following ischemic stroke, and to assess its potential role in guiding clinical practice.MethodsData from 1,375 ischemic stroke patients with upper limb dysfunction were collected from two hospitals, including medical records and Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) reports. All patients received standardized acupuncture treatment. After screening, 616 datasets were selected for analysis. A prediction model was developed using the AutoGluon framework, with three outcome measures as endpoints: the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI).ResultsThe prediction model demonstrated high accuracy for the three endpoints, with prediction accuracies of 84.3% for NIHSS, 77.8% for FMA-UE, and 88.1% for MBI. Feature importance analysis identified the M1 segment of the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA), the origin of the Internal Carotid Artery (ICA), and the C1 segment of the ICA as the most critical factors influencing the model’s predictions. Notably, the MBI emerged as the most sensitive outcome measure for evaluating patient response to acupuncture treatment. Additionally, secondary analysis revealed that the number of sites with cerebral vascular stenosis (specifically 1 and 3 sites) had a significant impact on the final model’s predictions.ConclusionThis study highlights the M1 segment, the origin of the ICA, and the C1 segment as key stenotic sites affecting acupuncture treatment efficacy in stroke patients with upper limb dysfunction. The MBI was found to be the most responsive outcome measure for evaluating treatment sensitivity in this cohort.
The efficacy of hypothermia combined with thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy on acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Dan , Yan Dan , Yan Mingmin , Tian Hao , Jiang Haiwei , Zhu Bifeng , Chen Yu , Peng Tao , Wan Yue 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundTherapeutic hypothermia improves outcomes in experimental stroke models, especially after ischemia-reperfusion injury. In recent years, the safety and efficacy of hypothermia combining thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy have attracted widespread attention. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of hypothermia by combining reperfusion therapy in acute ischemic stroke patients.MethodsA systematic search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and the Clinical Trial Registries on articles published until May 2024. The full-text articles were thoroughly reviewed, and relevant information regarding study characteristics and outcomes was extracted. Mantel–Haenszel (M–H) random-effects model was used to calculate pooled risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). In addition, subgroup analyses were performed focusing on the different hypothermia modalities and duration.ResultsAfter screening 2,265 articles, 10 studies were included in the present analysis with a total sample size of 785. Forest plots of clinical outcomes were as follows: modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤2 at 3 months (RR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.01–1.61, p = 0.04), mortality within 3 months (RR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.69–1.29, p = 0.73), total complications (RR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.89–1.16, p = 0.77) and pneumonia (RR = 1.35, 95% CI 0.76–2.40, p = 0.31). Subgroup analyses indicated a mild protective effect of selective cerebral hypothermia; however, the difference in mortality between the hypothermia and control groups was not statistically significant (RR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.57–1.35, p = 0.55). Patients undergoing hypothermia for 24–48 h experienced a higher rate of overall complications (RR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.01–1.86, p = 0.04) and pneumonia (RR = 2.84, 95% CI 1.05–7.66, p = 0.04).ConclusionThe preliminary evidence supports the safety and feasibility of hypothermia combined with reperfusion therapy, which should be further investigated in randomized controlled studies.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024556625.
Serum neuritin as a predictive biomarker of early neurological deterioration and poor prognosis after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Xu Yanwen , Zhu Hanyu , Su Yuqi , Chen Zhizhi , Wang Chuanliu , Yang Ming , Jiang Feifei , Li Yunping , Xu Yongming 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common cerebrovascular disease characterized by high mortality and disability rates. Neuritin, significantly expressed in injured brain tissues, is implicated in the molecular mechanisms underlying acute brain injury. We aimed to explore the prognostic and predictive value of serum neuritin in ICH.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, serum neuritin levels were measured at admission in 202 patients, on post-ICH days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 in 54 of these patients, and at the time of enrollment in 100 healthy controls. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and hematoma volume were used as severity indicators. A poor prognosis was defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 3–6 at 90 days after ICH. END was defined as a decrease of ≥2 points in the GCS score within 24 h of admission. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the independent relationships between serum neuritin levels, END, and poor prognosis.ResultsSerum neuritin levels were significantly increased at the time of patient admission, continued to rise on day 1, peaked on day 3, and then gradually diminished from day 5 until day 10. The levels remained substantially higher in patients compared to healthy controls throughout the 10-day period. The levels were independently related to GCS scores and hematoma volume. In subgroup analyses, the levels showed a linear relationship with the likelihood of experiencing END and poor prognosis at the 90-day mark after ICH. Additionally, the levels were independently associated with END, ordinal mRS scores, and poor prognosis. Under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, serum neuritin levels effectively predicted both END and poor prognosis. Two models incorporating GCS, hematoma volume, and serum neuritin levels were developed and represented using two nomograms separately to estimate END risks and poor prognosis. These models demonstrated clinical efficiency, stability, and validity in ROC, calibration, and decision curve analyses. Internal validation of the models was conducted using a randomly extracted subset of 101 patients. Furthermore, two specific weighted scoring systems were developed to optimize clinical prediction of poor prognosis and END after ICH.ConclusionElevated serum neuritin levels are strongly associated with disease severity, END, and 90-day poor neurological outcomes following ICH, establishing serum neuritin as a potential prognostic biomarker for ICH.
Alterations of gray matter volume and functional connectivity in patients with cognitive impairment induced by occupational aluminum exposure: a case-control study
Authors: Meng Huaxing , Liu Bo , Lu Xiaoting , Tan Yan , Wang Shanshan , Pan Baolong , Zhang Hui , Niu Qiao 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundCognitive impairment (CI) is a condition in which an individual experiences noticeable impairment in thinking abilities. Long-term exposure to aluminum (Al) can cause CI. This study aimed to determine the relationship between CI and MRI-related changes in postroom workers exposed to Al.MethodsThirty patients with CI and 25 healthy controls were recruited. Plasma aluminum levels were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and an auditory-verbal learning test (AVLT). All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging scans. 3D T1-weighted anatomical images and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired, and voxel-based morphometry and ROI-based FC were used for analysis. A mediation analysis was also conducted.ResultsPlasma aluminum levels were significantly higher in the CI group than in the normal control group. The gray matter (GM) volume in the left caudate and bilateral hippocampus was lower in the CI group and was positively correlated with cognitive scale scores. There was no significant difference in functional connectivity (FC) between the left caudate and the whole brain between the two groups. Significant alterations in hippocampal FC were observed in certain brain areas, mainly in the left cerebellar vermis, left middle frontal gyrus (BA9), and right superior frontal gyrus relative to the supplementary motor area (BA6). The FC coefficients were also associated with cognitive scale scores. Furthermore, plasma Al concentration was negatively correlated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score, bilateral hippocampal GM volume, and FC coefficient between the left hippocampus and left cerebellar vermis. Mediation analysis showed GM alteration of left caudate and bilateral hippocampus and FC alteration of left hippocampus to left cerebellar vermis could explained 19.80–32.07% of the effect of MoCA scores change related to Al exposure, besides the GM alteration of right hippocampus acted as indirect mediator (68.75%) of the association between Al and AVLT delayed recall scores.ConclusionOur data indicates that alterations in the structure and function of special brain domain, especially the hippocampus, are associated with Al-induced CI. These brain regions can partly explain the effect of Al on cognitive impairment.
The Multicentre Acute ischemic stroke imaGIng and Clinical data (MAGIC) repository: rationale and blueprint
Authors: Baazaoui Hakim , Engelter Stefan T. , Gensicke Henrik , Enz Lukas S. , Psychogios Marios , Mutke Matthias , Michel Patrik , Strambo Davide , Salerno Alexander , Marquering Henk A. , Nederkoorn Paul J. , Wali Nabila , Tanadini-Lang Stephanie , Menze Björn , de la Rosa Ezequiel , Yang Kaiyuan , De Marchis Gian Marco , Dittrich Tolga D. , Valletta Francesco , Germann Manon , Cereda Carlo W. , Marto João Pedro , Herzog Lisa , Hirschi Patrick , Kulcsar Zsolt , Wegener Susanne 
Published: January 2025

PurposeThe Multicentre Acute ischemic stroke imaGIng and Clinical data (MAGIC) repository is a collaboration established in 2024 by seven stroke centres in Europe. MAGIC consolidates clinical and radiological data from acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients who underwent endovascular therapy, intravenous thrombolysis, a combination of both, or conservative management.ParticipantsAll centres ensure accuracy and completeness of the data. Only patients who did not refuse use of their routine data collected during or after their hospital stay are included in the repository. Approvals or waivers are obtained from the responsible ethics committees before data exchange. A formal data transfer agreement (DTA) is signed by all contributing centres. The centres then share their data, and files are stored centrally on a safe server at the University Hospital Zurich. There, patient identifiers are removed and images are algorithmically de-faced. De-identified structured clinical data are connected to the imaging data by a new identifier. Data are made available to participating centres which have entered into a DTA for stroke research projects.Repository setupInitially, MAGIC is set to comprise initial and first follow-up imaging of 2,500 AIS patients. Clinical data consist of a comprehensive set of patient characteristics and routine prehospital metrics, treatment and laboratory variables.OutlookOur repository will support research by leveraging the entire range of routinely collected imaging and clinical data. This dataset reflects the current state of practice in stroke patient evaluation and management and will enable researchers to retrospectively study clinically relevant questions outside the scope of randomized controlled clinical trials. New centres are invited to join MAGIC if they meet the requirements outlined here. We aim to reach approximately 10,000 cases by 2026.
Eye reactions under the influence of drugs of abuse as measured by smartphones: a controlled clinical study in healthy volunteers
Authors: Kuijpers Kiki W. K. , Andersson Karl , Winkvist Maria , Niesters Marieke , van Velzen Monique , Nyberg Fred , Dahan Albert , Hämäläinen Markku D. 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundIt is known that illicit and prescribed drugs impact pupil size, eye movement and function. Still, comprehensive quantitative evaluations under known ambient light conditions are lacking, when smartphones are used for monitoring.MethodsIn this clinical study (NCT05731999), four medicinal products with addiction risks were administered to 48 subjects (18–70 years old, all with informed consent, 12 subjects per drug). Videos captured by smartphones at ~50 lux and ~ 500 lux documented the eye’s reaction before and after controlled intake of single doses of oral oxycodone (20 mg), lorazepam (2 mg), lisdexamphetamine (70 mg) and inhaled cannabis flos (65 mg with 22% THC) over a 5-h test period. Data from three observational tests, non-convergence (NC, ability to cross the eyes), nystagmus (NY), and pupillary light reflex (PLR) were converted into 24 key features that represent different eye characteristics.ResultsOf the acquired data, 87–97% produced key features. At peak drug plasma concentration, oxycodone constricted pupils (p &lt; 0.001); lorazepam induced non-convergence (p &lt; 0.001); lisdexamphetamine induced dilated pupils (p &lt; 0.001), irrespective of ambient light conditions. Inhaled cannabis induced miosis (p = 0.05 at ~50 lux, p = 0.10 at ~500 lux), a reduced light-induced amplitude (p = 0.003 at ~50 lux, p = 0.3 at ~500 lux) and redness of the sclerae (p = 0.14 at ~50 lux, p = 0.007 at ~500 lux). The drug effect lasted at least 5 h (p &lt; 0.005) except for inhaled cannabis (2–3 h, p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThe ocular response to oxycodone, lorazepam, lisdexamphetamine and cannabis, as measured under controlled light conditions using a smartphone-based assessment, demonstrated distinct and readily distinguishable patterns for each substance.Clinical trial registrationIdentifier, NTC05731999.
Impact of maternal nutritional literacy and feeding practices on the growth outcomes of children (6–23 months) in Gujranwala: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tahreem Aaiza , Rakha Allah , Anwar Rimsha , Rabail Roshina , Maerescu Cristina Maria , Socol Claudia Terezia , Criste Florin Leontin , Abdi Gholamreza , Aadil Rana Muhammad 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionMalnutrition contributes to approximately 45% of deaths among under 5 years children in low and middle-income countries. Poor maternal knowledge and failure to comply with recommended Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices are known risk factors for malnutrition but there are inconsistencies in the literature. Therefore, this cross-sectional study of 100 mother–child pairs in district Gujranwala aimed to assess maternal nutritional literacy (MNL) and maternal feeding practices (MFP) and their ultimate impacts on child growth.MethodsA researcher administered questionnaire that was the combination of WHO model questionnaires and FAO Nutrition-related KAP model questionnaires was used to collect the data from mothers while and anthropometric measurements of children were taken by following the standard methods.ResultsResults showed that 57% of mothers had average nutritional knowledge and feeding practices were not satisfactory. Only 12% of mothers-initiated breastfeeding within the first hour of birth, 7% of infants were exclusively breastfed, while 27.27% continued to be breastfed beyond 1 year. Complementary foods were timely introduced to 53% of infants, 47% received minimum meal frequency and 34% met the minimum dietary diversity criteria. Additionally, the consumption of unhealthy foods, sugar-sweetened beverages, and zero consumption of fruits and vegetables was practiced by 71, 23, and 27% of infants and young children, respectively. Prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight and overweight was 19, 9, 12, and 12%, respectively. A non-significant association was observed between MNL and MFP with growth outcomes with a few exceptions. The odds of being wasted (β = 1.903, OR = 6.706, p &lt; 0.05) and underweight (β = 1.732, OR = 5.654, p &lt; 0.05) are higher among children who had vaginal birth. Higher odds of being stunted (β = 2.173, OR = 8.788, p &lt; 0.05) were observed among those whose mothers had middle school education compared to those having higher education.ConclusionOverall results indicated a dire need not only to create nutritional awareness among mothers in Gujranwala but also to provide a support system for mothers to help them implement standard feeding practices.
The relationship between non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio and bone mineral density: an NHANES study
Authors: Qi Shuo , Peng Biao , Xu Zhanwang , Qiu Daodi , Tan Guoqing 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThe non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) is a newly developed lipid parameter. However, the current research has only explored the relationship with lumbar spine bone mineral density, lacking studies on bone mineral density at other sites, total body bone mineral density, and an analysis of risk factors. This study aims to determine the potential association between NHHR and lumbar BMD, increase awareness of the impact of lipid levels on bone health.MethodsBy utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018, we conducted univariate and generalized linear models (GLMs) analysis, stratified analysis, threshold effect analysis, smooth curve fitting and stratified analysis to investigate the association between NHHR and BMD. NHHR levels were categorized into tertiles (low, medium, and high) based on their distribution among the study population.ResultsThe study included 8,671participants, studies have shown, the ratio of non-high-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein (NHHR) exhibits a stratified correlation with bone mineral density (BMD). In the BMI subgroup, NHHR is significantly negatively correlated with BMD at multiple sites in the low-to-middle BMI group (BMI &lt;25 kg/m2), while no significant correlation is found in the high BMI group (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). In the gender subgroup, NHHR has a more pronounced effect on male BMD, mainly reflected in the reduction of lumbar spine and total body BMD. In the age subgroup, the negative correlation between NHHR and BMD is strongest in the younger group (18–30 years), gradually weakening in the middle-aged (31–44 years) and older groups (45–59 years). Further analysis suggests that dyslipidemia may influence bone metabolism through pathways such as inflammation and oxidative stress.ConclusionThe effect of NHHR on bone mineral density (BMD) varies by BMI, gender, and age. This study suggests that controlling NHHR levels may be a potential intervention target for bone health management, particularly for individuals with low-to-middle BMI, males, and younger populations. These findings offer a new perspective on the relationship between lipid metabolism and bone metabolism and provide scientific evidence for the development of personalized osteoporosis prevention and treatment strategies.
Comparing three summary indices to assess diet quality of Canadian children: a call for consensus
Authors: Panahimoghadam Seyedehatefeh , Veugelers Paul J. , Dabravolskaj Julia , Tran Trudy , Maximova Katerina 
Published: January 2025

PurposeThe Healthy Eating Index-Canada 2015 (HEI-C 2015), Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), and Healthy Eating Food Index 2019 (HEFI-2019) are commonly used to summarize the quality of Canadian diets. This paper sought to compare these three diet quality indices with respect to their ability to capture diets of different quality in Canadian children and to discriminate between population subgroups.MethodsData were collected in school-based surveys from grade 4–6 students (9–12 years old) in western Canada through 24-h dietary recall in 2016 (n = 336), 2018 (n = 454), and 2020/2021 (n = 909). Diet quality was assessed using HEI-C 2015, DQI-I and HEFI-2019. Agreement between the three indices was assessed using weighted Cohen’s kappa. Univariate and multivariable linear regression models assessed diet quality according to student’s sex, grade level, school material/social deprivation, and geographic region.ResultsHEFI-2019 scores had the widest range, while DQI-I had the smallest. Agreement was 0.55 between HEI-C 2015 and DQI-I, 0.38 between HEI-C 2015 and HEFI-2019, and 0.29 between DQI-I and HEFI-2019. Boys and students from materially deprived areas reported diets of lower quality, irrespective of the index. There were no differences in diet quality across grade levels and geographic region. Energy consumption was associated positively with DQI-I and negatively HEFI-2019 scores.ConclusionThe three indices demonstrated fair to moderate agreement and varying ability to discriminate diet quality between different population subgroups of Canadian children. This study shows that the choice of a diet quality index affects the interpretation of results and practical considerations, yielding different conclusions with respect to the determinants of children’s diet quality. Seeking consensus on which diet quality index to use for research, policy and/or practice would help support dietary research and policy development, and promote dietary guidelines implementation.