bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing and centralising a nurse‐led local anaesthetic transperineal biopsy service during COVID
Authors: Winters David Adam , Mehmi Ashley , Odedra Amar , Wilson Lydia , Ancheta Joey , Buttleman Sally , Allchorne Paula , Rajan Prabhakar , Khan Shahid , Green James S. A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionTransperineal (TP) biopsy has recently replaced the transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) approach as the ideal method of biopsy in the United Kingdom with growing trends to adopt. To minimise transmission of COVID‐19 during the first wave of the pandemic, the British Association of Urological Surgeons Section of Oncology issued guidelines reducing general anaesthesia (GA) procedures and initiate COVID‐secure ‘green’ site diagnostics. As a result of these guidelines and reduction in clinical diagnostics trust‐wide, we ceased all TRUS diagnostics and implemented a centralised, nurse‐led LA TP biopsy service.Materials and methodsA waiting list was developed for those awaiting prostate cancer diagnostics across the network. A COVID‐secure ‘green’ site was quickly identified with TP biopsies starting soon after. Quality improvement methodology was utilised and a run chart was used to show if changes were sustainable.ResultsSuccessful implementation and centralisation of a TP biopsy service occurred with TRUS guided biopsies ceasing across all sites on 12 May 2020. The procedures were carried out by urology advanced nurse practitioners under local anaesthesia with a select few occurring under GA. Centralising the service in a COVID‐secure manner freed up dedicated theatre sessions and personal leading to increased efficiency elsewhere. The service was robust and was maintained upon lifting of COVID restrictions.ConclusionsA centralised, nurse led LA TP biopsy service in a procedural unit was implemented successfully. The service has remained resilient upon lifting of restrictions and return to business as usual. This led to improved performance across trust by freeing up valuable resources and staff to undertake more duties. The service remains highly valued trust‐wide.
Conformational flexibility of β‐arrestins – How these scaffolding proteins guide and transform the functionality of GPCRs
Authors: Haider Raphael S. , Reichel Mona , Matthees Edda S. F. , Hoffmann Carsten 
Published: June 2023

AbstractG protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of transmembrane proteins and play a crucial role in regulating diverse cellular functions. They transmit their signaling via binding to intracellular signal transducers and effectors, such as G proteins, GPCR kinases, and β‐arrestins. To influence specific GPCR signaling behaviors, β‐arrestins recruit effectors to form larger signaling complexes. Intriguingly, they facilitate divergent functions for the binding to different receptors. Recent studies relying on advanced structural approaches, novel biosensors and interactome analyses bring us closer to understanding how this specificity is achieved. In this article, we share our hypothesis of how active GPCRs induce specific conformational rearrangements within β‐arrestins to reveal distinct binding interfaces, enabling the recruitment of a subset of effectors to foster specialized signaling complexes. Furthermore, we discuss methods of how to comprehensively assess β‐arrestin conformational states and present the current state of research regarding the functionality of these multifaceted scaffolding proteins.
Disease‐associated gut microbiome and critical metabolomic alterations in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Hongze , Jin Kai , Xiong Kunlong , Jing Wenwen , Pang Zhen , Feng Meng , Cheng Xunjia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundGut microbiota plays a significant role in the colorectal cancer (CRC) process. Ectopic colonization of multiple oral bacteria is reportedly associated with CRC pathogenesis and progression, but the details remain unclear.MethodsWe enrolled a cohort of 50 CRC patients and 52 healthy controls from an East China population. Taxonomic and functional analysis of the fecal microbiota were performed using 16S rDNA (50 + 52 samples) and shotgun metagenomic sequencing (8 + 6 samples), respectively, with particular attention paid to gut‐colonized oral bacteria.Results and ConclusionsThe results showed more detected bacterial species but lower species evenness within the samples from CRC patients. To determine the specific bacteria enriched in each group, we analyzed their possible protective, carcinogenic, or opportunistic roles in the CRC process. Among the ectopic oral bacteria, we observed a significant increase in the abundance of Fusobacterium and decreased abundance of Prevotella and Ruminococcus in the CRC group. Main differences in the functional composition of these two groups were related to energy metabolism and biosynthesis, especially the glycolytic pathway. Furthermore, we validated the colonization of Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. animalis within CRC tissues and studied its impact on the host intestinal epithelium and tumor cells. With high selectivity for cancerous tissues, this subspecies promoted CRC cell proliferation and induced potential DNA damage.
First confirmed case of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adult in Egypt
Authors: Elgohary Mohamed Abdel‐Salam , Mohamed Mohamed Emam , Hamada Mahmoud Moustafa , Fahim Jackline S. , El‐Masry Thanaa A. , Ibrahim Ahmed Mohamed , Taha Ahmad Gad , Seadawy Mohamed G. , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios , Batiha Gaber El‐Saber , El‐Bouseary Maisra M. 
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical MessageOur case report demonstrates extremely uncommon data associated with MIS‐A, such as cholestatic jaundice, anemia, and quickly progressing pneumonia. IVIG and pulse steroid medications are the best treatments for improving clinical outcomes.AbstractWe report a case of multiple organ dysfunctions due to MIS‐A in an adult with a history of suspected COVID‐19. Our case demonstrates extremely uncommon data associated with MIS‐A, such as cholestatic jaundice, anemia, and quickly progressing pneumonia. IVIG and pulse steroid medications are the best treatments for improving clinical outcomes.
Effects of Central Elements on the Properties of Group 13 Dialdiminate Complexes
Authors: Aoyama Yuto , Sakai Yuki , Ito Shunichiro , Tanaka Kazuo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Kazuo Tanaka at Kyoto University. The image depicts the element‐dependent properties of group 13 dialdiminate complexes Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202300654.
Barriers and shortcomings in access to cardiovascular management and prevention for familial hypercholesterolemia during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Huang Helen , Leung Keith S. K. , Garg Tulika , Mazzoleni Adele , Miteu Goshen D. , Zakariya Farida , Awuah Wireko A. , Yin Elaine T. S. , Haroon Faaraea , Hussain Zarish , Aji Narjiss , Jaiswal Vikash , Tse Gary 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFamilial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a hereditary condition caused by mutations in the lipid pathway. The goal in managing FH is to reduce circulating low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and, therefore, reduce the risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Because FH patients were considered high risk groups due to an increased susceptible for contracting COVID‐19 infection, we hypothesized whether the effects of the pandemic hindered access to cardiovascular care. In this review, we conducted a literature search in databases Pubmed/Medline and ScienceDirect. We included a comprehensive analysis of findings from articles in English related and summarized the effects of the pandemic on cardiovascular care through direct and indirect effects. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, FH patients presented with worse outcomes and prognosis, especially those that have suffered from early ASCVD. This caused avoidance in seeking care due to fear of transmission. The pandemic severely impacted consultations with lipidologists and cardiologists, causing a decline in lipid profile evaluations. Low socioeconomic communities and ethnic minorities were hit the hardest with job displacements and lacked healthcare coverage respectively, leading to treatment nonadherence. Lock‐down restrictions promoted sedentary lifestyles and intake of fatty meals, but it is unclear whether these factors attenuated cardiovascular risk in FH. To prevent early atherogenesis in FH patients, universal screening programs, telemedicine, and lifestyle interventions are important recommendations that could improve outcomes in FH patients. However, the need to research in depth on the disproportionate impact within different subgroups should be the forefront of FH research.
A scoping review: What are the cellular mechanisms that drive the allergic inflammatory response to fungal allergens in the lung epithelium?
Authors: Goode Emma‐Jane , Marczylo Emma 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAllergic airway disease (AAD) is a collective term for respiratory disorders that can be exacerbated upon exposure to airborne allergens. The contribution of fungal allergens to AAD has become well established over recent years. We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines to better understand the mechanisms involved in the allergic response to fungi in airway epithelia, identify knowledge gaps and make recommendations for future research. The search resulted in 61 studies for final analysis. Despite heterogeneity in the models and methods used, we identified major pathways involved in fungal allergy. These included the activation of protease‐activated receptor 2, the EGFR pathway, adenosine triphosphate and purinergic receptor‐dependent release of IL33, and oxidative stress, which drove mucin expression and goblet cell metaplasia, Th2 cytokine production, reduced barrier integrity, eosinophil recruitment, and airway hyperresponsiveness. However, there were several knowledge gaps and therefore we recommend future research should focus on the use of more physiologically relevant methods to directly compare key allergenic fungal species, clarify specific mechanisms of fungal allergy, and assess the fungal allergy in disease models. This will inform disease management and future interventions, ultimately reducing the burden of disease.
Epigenetic aging in older breast cancer survivors and noncancer controls: preliminary findings from the Thinking and Living with Cancer Study
Authors: Rentscher Kelly E. , Bethea Traci N. , Zhai Wanting , Small Brent J. , Zhou Xingtao , Ahles Tim A. , Ahn Jaeil , Breen Elizabeth C. , Cohen Harvey Jay , Extermann Martine , Graham Deena M. A. , Jim Heather S. L. , McDonald Brenna C. , Nakamura Zev M. , Patel Sunita K. , Root James C. , Saykin Andrew J. , Van Dyk Kathleen , Mandelblatt Jeanne S. , Carroll Judith E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundCancer and its treatments may accelerate aging in survivors; however, research has not examined epigenetic markers of aging in longer term breast cancer survivors. This study examined whether older breast cancer survivors showed greater epigenetic aging than noncancer controls and whether epigenetic aging related to functional outcomes.MethodsNonmetastatic breast cancer survivors (n = 89) enrolled prior to systemic therapy and frequency‐matched controls (n = 101) ages 62 to 84 years provided two blood samples to derive epigenetic aging measures (Horvath, Extrinsic Epigenetic Age [EEA], PhenoAge, GrimAge, Dunedin Pace of Aging) and completed cognitive (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Cognitive Function) and physical (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐12) function assessments at approximately 24 to 36 and 60 months after enrollment. Mixed‐effects models tested survivor‐control differences in epigenetic aging, adjusting for age and comorbidities; models for functional outcomes also adjusted for racial group, site, and cognitive reserve.ResultsSurvivors were 1.04 to 2.22 years biologically older than controls on Horvath, EEA, GrimAge, and DunedinPACE measures (p = .001–.04) at approximately 24 to 36 months after enrollment. Survivors exposed to chemotherapy were 1.97 to 2.71 years older (p = .001–.04), and among this group, an older EEA related to worse self‐reported cognition (p = .047) relative to controls. An older epigenetic age related to worse physical function in all women (p < .001–.01). Survivors and controls showed similar epigenetic aging over time, but Black survivors showed accelerated aging over time relative to non‐Hispanic White survivors.ConclusionOlder breast cancer survivors, particularly those exposed to chemotherapy, showed greater epigenetic aging than controls that may relate to worse outcomes. If replicated, measurement of biological aging could complement geriatric assessments to guide cancer care for older women.
Fluid–structure interaction study for biomechanics and risk factors in Stanford type A aortic dissection
Authors: Wang Xiaochen , Ghayesh Mergen H. , Kotousov Andrei , Zander Anthony C. , Dawson Joseph A. , Psaltis Peter J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAortic dissection is a life‐threatening condition with a rising prevalence in the elderly population, possibly as a consequence of the increasing population life expectancy. Untreated aortic dissection can lead to myocardial infarction, aortic branch malperfusion or occlusion, rupture, aneurysm formation and death. This study aims to assess the potential of a biomechanical model in predicting the risks of a non‐dilated thoracic aorta with Stanford type A dissection. To achieve this, a fully coupled fluid–structure interaction model was developed under realistic blood flow conditions. This model of the aorta was developed by considering three‐dimensional artery geometry, multiple artery layers, hyperelastic artery wall, in vivo‐based physiological time‐varying blood velocity profiles, and non‐Newtonian blood behaviours. The results demonstrate that in a thoracic aorta with Stanford type A dissection, the wall shear stress (WSS) is significantly low in the ascending aorta and false lumen, leading to potential aortic dilation and thrombus formation. The results also reveal that the WSS is highly related to blood flow patterns. The aortic arch region near the brachiocephalic and left common carotid artery is prone to rupture, showing a good agreement with the clinical reports. The results have been translated into their potential clinical relevance by revealing the role of the stress state, WSS and flow characteristics as the main parameters affecting lesion progression, including rupture and aneurysm. The developed model can be tailored for patient‐specific studies and utilised as a predictive tool to estimate aneurysm growth and initiation of wall rupture inside the human thoracic aorta.
URLM: Utilising reinforcement learning to schedule subflows in MPTCP
Authors: Lin Shengrui , He Binjie , Zhou Zhengyan , Liu Hongyan , Zhang Dong 
Published: June 2023

SummaryParallel transmission in multiple access networks using MultiPath TCP (MPTCP) greatly enhances the throughput. However, critical packet disorder is commonly observed due to traffic fluctuation and path diversity. Although several predictive scheduling algorithms have been proposed to solve this problem, they cannot accommodate prediction accuracy and real‐time adaptation simultaneously in a dynamic network environment. The time overhead in modifying scheduling parameters to adapt to network changes leads to performance degradation in throughput and packet disorder. In this study, we propose a scheduling algorithm called Utilising Reinforcement Learning to Schedule Subflows in MPTCP (URLM). We apply reinforcement learning to select an optimal scheduling parameter in real time, which brings significant time benefits for modifying the parameters. The simulation comparison experiments show that URLM reduces the average number of out‐of‐order packets and the time overhead in adapting to network changes while improving global throughput.
Association of perivascular fat attenuation on computed tomography and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Nishihara Takahiro , Miyoshi Toru , Nakashima Mitsutaka , Ichikawa Keishi , Takaya Yoichi , Nakayama Rie , Miki Takashi , Ito Hiroshi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsHeart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is associated with chronic inflammation. We aimed to investigate the association between pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation (PCATA) on coronary computed tomography angiography as a novel noninvasive marker of pericoronary inflammation and the presence of HFpEF.Methods and resultsThis retrospective study included 607 outpatients (median age, 65 years; 50% male) who underwent both echocardiography and coronary computed tomography angiography. Patients with obstructive coronary artery disease were excluded from this study. PCATA was compared between patients with and without HFpEF, which was diagnosed according to the Heart Failure Association (HFA)‐PEFF score. PCATA was assessed at the proximal 40‐mm segments of all three major coronary arteries on coronary computed tomography angiography. Patients with HFpEF had higher PCATA in all coronary arteries compared to the control participants: left anterior descending artery (LAD), −65.2 ± 6.9 Hounsfield units (HU) vs. −68.1 ± 6.7 HU; left circumflex artery (LCX), −62.7 ± 6.8 HU vs. −65.4 ± 6.6 HU; and right coronary artery (RCA), −63.6 ± 8.5 HU vs. −65.5 ± 7.7 HU (P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis, including conventional risk factors, revealed that PCATA per standard deviation in the LAD (odds ratio [OR], 1.449; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.152–1.823), LCX (OR, 1.634; 95% CI, 1.283–2.081), and RCA (OR, 1.388; 95% CI, 1.107–1.740) were independently associated with HFpEF. The association between PCATA and HFpEF was mostly consistent across various patient clinical characteristics. The left ventricular mass and left atrial volume index showed a mild correlation with LAD‐PCATA (ρ = 0.13 [P < 0.01] and ρ = 0.24 [P < 0.01]) and LCX‐PCATA (ρ = 0.16 [P < 0.01] and ρ = 0.23 [P < 0.01]).ConclusionsHigh PCATA score was significantly associated with the presence of HFpEF. Our results suggest that inflammation in the pericoronary artery adipose tissue is one of the underlying mechanisms of HFpEF.
Impedance‐matching model‐in‐the‐loop simulation
Authors: Parsi Sai Sharath , Sivaselvan M. V. , Whittaker Andrew S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractImpedance matching is a novel approach to executing model‐in‐the‐loop (MIL) simulations. The concept, key features, and sample applications of this approach have been described in a series of publications. This paper advances theory and implementation for impedance‐matching MIL by: (1) developing a feedback linearization technique for implementing MIL for nonlinear virtual systems, (2) systematically characterizing MIL performance‐stability tradeoffs using three design‐oriented criteria—performance: defined as closeness of the controlled‐actuator impedance to the virtual‐boundary impedance; control effort: low controller response at high frequencies to reduce sensitivity to measurement noise and uncertainties in the actuator model; and stability: pursued using passivity of the controlled actuator system, and (3) assessing, through experimentation, the robustness of two ways to estimate feedback reaction force from the test article. These fundamental advancements to MIL are described using a one‐dimensional configuration consisting of a fluid‐filled cylindrical vessel as the physical test article and a uniaxial hydraulic shake table controlled to imitate different seismic isolation systems at the base of the vessel.
Probing the Skill of Random Forest Emulators for Physical Parameterizations via a Hierarchy of Simple CAM6 Configurations
Authors: Limon Garrett C , Jablonowski Christiane 
Published: June 2023

Machine learning approaches, such as random forests, have been used to
effectively emulate various aspects of climate and weather models in
recent years. The limitations to these approaches are not yet known,
particularly with regards to varying complexity of the underlying
physical parameterization scheme within the climate model. Utilizing a
hierarchy of model configurations, we explore the limits of random
forest emulator skill using simplified model frameworks within NCAR’s
Community Atmosphere Model, version 6 (CAM6). These include a dry CAM6
configuration, a moist extension of the dry model, and an extension of
the moist case that includes an additional convection scheme. Each model
configuration is run with identical resolution and over the same time
period. With unique random forests being optimized for each tendency or
precipitation rate across the hierarchy, we create a variety of “best
case” emulators. The random forest emulators are then evaluated against
the CAM6 output as well as a baseline neural network emulator for
completeness All emulators show significant skill when compared to the
“truth” (CAM6), often in line with or exceeding similar approaches
within the literature. In addition, as the CAM6 complexity is increased,
the random forest skill noticeably decreases, regardless of the
extensive tuning and training process each random forest goes through.
This indicates a limit on the feasibility of random forests to act as
physics emulators in climate models and encourages further exploration
in order to identify ideal uses in the context of state-of-the-art
climate model configurations.
Recent advances in enzymatic biofuel cells enabled by innovative materials and techniques
Authors: Huang Wengang , Zulkifli Muhammad Yazid Bin , Chai Milton , Lin Rijia , Wang Jingjing , Chen Yuelei , Chen Vicki , Hou Jingwei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe past few decades have seen increasingly rapid advances in the field of sustainable energy technologies. As a new bio‐ and eco‐friendly energy source, enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) have garnered significant research interest due to their capacity to power implantable bioelectronics, portable devices, and biosensors by utilizing biomass as fuel under mild circumstances. Nonetheless, numerous obstacles impeded the commercialization of EBFCs, including their relatively modest power output and poor long‐term stability of enzymes. To depict the current progress of EBFC and address the challenges it faces, this review traces back the evolution of EBFC and focuses on contemporary advances such as newly emerged multi or single enzyme systems, various porous framework‐enzyme composites techniques, and innovative applications. Besides emphasizing current achievements in this field, from our perspective part we also introduced novel electrode and cell design for highly effective EBFC fabrication. We believe this review will assist readers in comprehending the basic research and applications of EBFCs as well as potentially spark interdisciplinary collaboration for addressing the pressing issues in this field.