bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of premetastatic changes in lymph nodes(pN0) of oral tongue tumour: A prospective observational Study
Authors: Geetha Rajalakshmi , Iyer Subramania , Keechilat Pavithran , N Gopalakrishna Iyer , Thankappan Krishna Kumar , N V Smitha 
Published: July 2023

Background:Tongue tumors show intra and inter-tumoral heterogenicity with high incidence, relapse and mortality rates necessitating further research. Recurrence/metastasis that occurs after surgical resection of primary cancer is often the reason for poor survival in these patients. Lymph nodes are the most common site of metastasis in tongue tumors. Therefore, premetastatic molecular changes can be best evaluated in lymph nodes which may epitomize the earliest events in the metastasis cascades. The presence of circulating tumor cells(CTCs) in the absence of nodal disease (N0) may represent tumor aggressiveness, suggesting an immune escape which may have high metastatic potential. This trial was developed to investigate the earliest pre-metastatic changes which may regulate tumor dormancy and predict metastasis. A better understanding of organotropism or pre-metastatic changes can help in theragnostic, thereby preventing the outbreak of overt metastasis. Methods:A single-institutional prospective observational cohort study. This trial will be conducted at a tertiary care Centre (Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences Kochi). Eligible patients will be enrolled after obtaining informed consent. The dissected lymph nodes will be subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses for premetastatic niche (PMN) formation. In addition, circulating tumor cells will be evaluated before treatment and 6 months after treatment. The patients will be followed up for a period of two years to correlate the findings with the recurrence-free survival.Expected results: The pre-metastatic changes, if detected will be a predictive biomarker. It may help to define future drug targets for metastasis chemoprevention . CTCs may define the tumor aggressiveness ,there by prognostication and helps in better disease management.Ethics and dissemination:The study has received the following approval:Ethics Committee of Amrita School of Medicine (ECASM-AIMS-2022-048).Trial Registered Prospectively( CTRI/2022/03/041256 ) on 22/03/2022 under Clinical Trial Registry of India
Co-Design of a website for women with pelvic organ prolapse: A study protocol
Authors: Carroll Maria-Louise , Doody Catherine , O' Sullivan Cliona , Perrotta Carla , Fullen Brona M 
Published: July 2023

Background: Despite high reported prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse (POP), women report difficulties accessing evidence-based and reliable information about the condition. Many rely on social media and other popular and highly visible internet platforms which have been found to contain poor quality information that is difficult for the average patient to understand. The aim of the study is to co-design an information website for women with POP. The website design will be based on the Website Developmental Model for the Healthcare Consumer (WDMHC) framework. Methods: A four phase process will be utilised as per the WDMHC framework: 1) User, task and environmental analysis; 2) Functional and representational analysis; 3) Cognitive walkthrough, keystroke level model, heuristic testing; 4) Content based testing, expert testing and user-based testing. Ethics approval has been obtained (LS-23-19-Carroll-Ful). Two groups of stakeholders will be recruited (i) patient group (ii) healthcare professional (HCP) group. Patient participants will be recruited from an online pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) support group (n=950 members). A website designer and HCP stakeholders involved in the multidisciplinary team caring for women with POP will be invited to participate. Both groups will participate in separate co-design online workshops. Focus group workshops will be video-recorded, transcribed and imported into NVivo. Themes and subthemes will be developed. The website will be designed and disseminated to all participants for feedback. Cognitive walkthrough and heuristic testing will be undertaken. Following this, necessary modifications will be made to the website. Participants will then complete a modified System Usability Scale (SUS) and the eHealth Impact Questionnaire, while five HCPs will complete the DISCERN instrument. Conclusion: This study will inform the design and testing of an information website for women with POP. The website design and content will be informed by patient and HCP stakeholder voices and the health literacy literature.
A living mapping review for COVID-19 funded research projects: final (27 month) update
Authors: Bucher Adrian , Antonio Emilia , Jabin Nusrat , Jones Chantel , Padilla Andrea , Khader Susan , Boily-Larouche Genevieve , Lay Morgan , Norton Alice 
Published: July 2023

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in an unprecedented research response, demonstrating exceptional examples of rapid research and collaboration. There has however been an ongoing need for greater coordination, with limited resources for research and the shifting global pandemic. Methods: The UK Collaborative on Development Research (UKCDR) and Global Research Collaboration for Infectious Disease Preparedness (GloPID-R), two funder coordination groups have collaborated to develop a live database of funded research projects across the world relating to COVID-19. Drawing data continually from their members and further global funding bodies, as of 15th October 2022 the database contains 20,006 projects, funded by 351 funders, taking place across 157 countries representing an investment of at least $7.4 billion. To our knowledge it is one of the most comprehensive databases. The database is aligned to the World Health Organisation and GloPID-R Global Research Roadmap: 2019 Novel Coronavirus and the UN Research Roadmap for the COVID-19 Recovery. It is being used by the WHO, governments and further policy makers, research funders and researchers. This living mapping review aims to supplement the database by providing an open, accessible, and frequently updated resource summarising the characteristics of the COVID-19 funded research portfolio. Both descriptive and thematic analyses are presented and updated frequently to aid interpretation of the global COVID-19 funded research portfolio. Results: In this final version ten analysis, we provide an updated detailed descriptive analysis of the database (on data from three months after version nine) and focus our thematic analysis on research gaps, research areas in need of coordination, study populations, and research locations (with a focus on resource-limited countries). Conclusions: As the global research response to COVID-19 plateaus, this living mapping review has helped both funders and researchers to prioritise resources and review investments.
Does Decision Making for Others Close the Gender Gap in Competition?
Authors: Ifcher John , Zarghamee Homa 
Published: July 2023

We examine whether the gender gap in competitiveness in stereotypically male tasks persists when the decision to compete is made by someone else. In a within-subject laboratory experiment, decision makers make competition entry decisions for both themselves and a randomly selected other. Although we replicate the standard gender gap in decisions for oneself, we do not find a gender gap when the decision to compete is made by someone else. This is driven by men being significantly more willing to enter themselves than others into competitions. Men’s and women’s willingness to enter others into competitions is statistically indistinguishable from women’s willingness to enter themselves into competitions. Subgroup analyses reveal that competitive preferences are significantly greater for Asian than non-Asian subjects. Our results have implications for the effectiveness of nominations and mentorship to close gender gaps in labor market outcomes that are affected by competitive preferences. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: This work was supported by the Russell Sage Foundation [Grant G-5602]. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4861 .
Technical Note—A Stationary Infinite-Horizon Supply Contract Under Asymmetric Inventory Information
Authors: Bensoussan Alain , Sethi Suresh , Wang Shouqiang 
Published: July 2023

A New Approach to Contract Design with Private Inventory Information In a typical decentralized supply chain, a downstream retailer privately observes its inventory level and has an informational advantage over the upstream supplier. In “A Stationary Infinite-Horizon Supply Contract Under Asymmetric Inventory Information” by Bensoussan, Sethi, and Wang, the authors study how to optimally design a stationary, truth-telling, long-term contract in such a setting. In contrast to the classic first order approach in literature, they formulate the contract design as an optimization over a functional space and develop a solution approach based on the calculus of variations. They further apply their necessary optimality condition to the class of batch-order contracts, which replenish a prespecified inventory quantity for a fixed payment in each period only when the retailer has zero inventory on hand.
A reflective account on delivering psychological first-aid by phone to critical care nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Broadway-Horner Matt , Credland Nicola 
Published: July 2023

Background: COVID-19 presented critical care nurses with significant challenges. Due to the volume of patients requiring intensive care, bed capacity was quadrupled virtually overnight, with non-critical care trained staff re-deployed into intensive care units (ICUs) to support existing teams. This increased workload, acuity of patients, increased death, lack of visiting due to infection prevention measures, and the need to support re-deployed staff, had a significant impact on staff wellbeing and psychological health. Aim: The aim of this paper is to reflect upon the author's experiences as a nurse consultant in supporting critical care nurses delivering care in ICUs to critically ill patients with COVID-19. Sources: The experiences of critical care nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic, which were gathered from conversations via the semi-structured psychological first aid (PFA) process. Discussion: Advanced practitioner ‘four pillar thinking’ is a critical in-service development that can be used to bring about a responsive, robust and vigorous service in and outside of any future pandemics. Summary and implications: Critical care nurses' psychological health and wellbeing was, and still has been, significantly impacted by providing treatment during COVID-19. To ensure the wellbeing of the staff group, healthcare professionals need to identify support mechanisms that will continue to ensure their mental health and wellbeing remain intact. Such measures will enable them to deliver expert care at times of increased demand, as well as support recruitment and retention strategies. This experience highlighted the importance of providing psychological first aid within support services to critical care staff.
ANKLE PRESERVATION: TWO CASES OF CABLE TRANSPORT FOR BONY DEFECTS FOLLOWING ANEURYSMAL BONE CYST RESECTION
Authors: McCabe Fergus , Wade Anna , Devane Yvonne , O'Brien Chris , McMahon Louise , Donnelly Thomas , Green Connor 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionAneurysmal bone cysts commonly found in lower limbs are locally aggressive masses that can lead to bony erosion, instability and fractures. This has major implications in the lower limbs especially in paediatric patients, with potential growth disturbance and deformity. In this case series we describe radical aneurysmal bone cyst resection and lower limb reconstruction using cable transport and syndesmosis preservation.Materials & MethodsCase 1 - A 12-year-old boy presented with a two-week history of atraumatic right ankle pain. An X-ray demonstrated a distal tibia metaphyseal cyst confirmed on biopsy as an aneurysmal bone cyst. The cyst expanded on interval X-rays from 5.5cm to 8.5cm in 9 weeks. A wide-margin en-bloc resection was performed leaving a 13.8cm tibial defect. A cable transport hexapod frame and a proximal tibial osteotomy was performed, with syndesmosis screw fixation. The transport phase lasted 11 months. While in frame, the boy sustained a distal femur fracture from a fall. The femur and the docking site were plated at the same sitting and frame removed. At one-year post-frame removal he is pain-free, with full ankle dorsiflexion but plantarflexion limited to 25 degrees. He has begun graduated return to sport.ResultsCase 2 - A 12-year-old girl was referred with a three-month history of lateral left ankle swelling. X-ray demonstrated an aneurysmal bone cyst in the distal fibula metaphysis. The cyst grew from 4.2 × 2.3cm to 5.2 × 3.32cm in 2 months. A distal fibula resection (6.2cm) with syndesmosis fixation and hexapod cable transport frame were undertaken. The frame was in situ for 13 weeks and during this time she required an additional osteotomy for premature consolidation and had one pin site infection. After 13 weeks a second syndesmosis screw was placed, frame removed, and a cast applied. 3 months later she had fibular plating, BMAC and autologous iliac crest bone graft for slow union. At 3 years post-operative she has no evidence of recurrence, is pain-free and has no functional limitation.ConclusionsWe describe two cases of ankle syndesmosis preservation using cable transport for juxta-articular aneurysmal bone cysts. This allows wide resection to prevent recurrence while also preserving primary ankle stability and leg length in children. Both children had a minor complication, but both had an excellent final outcome. Cable bone transport and prophylactic syndesmosis stabilization allows treatment of challenging juxta-articular aneurysmal bone cysts about the ankle. These techniques are especially useful in large bone defects.
CHRONIC OSTEOMYELITIS: BEWARE OF PRE-REFERRAL CULTURES
Authors: Lynch-Wong Matthew , Breen Niall , Ogonda Luke 
Published: July 2023

Materials & MethodsChronic osteomyelitis is a complex and challenging condition the successful treatment of which requires a specialist multidisciplinary approach. Prior to tertiary referral to a specialist Orthoplastic Unit, patients often receive multiple courses of antibiotics, in usually unsuccessful attempts, to eradicate infection. This often results in the development of chronic polymicrobial infection. We reviewed the intra-operative cultures of patients treated in our Orthoplastic unit over a 9-year period from 2012–2021 to determine the spectrum of polymicrobial cultures and the relationship to pre-operative cultures.ResultsWe reviewed the electronic care records and laboratory results of all patients referred to or directly admitted to our unit with a diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis between 2012–2021. We checked all culture results, antibiotic sensitivities and prescription for treatment. We also checked for any recurrence of infection within 1 year.60 patients were treated over the 9-year period. 9 upper and 51 lower limbs. The most common referral sources were from the surgical specialties of Trauma & Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery (62%) while an equal amount came from the Emergency Department and other inpatient medical teams, each making up 15%. A small cohort (8%) developed the infection while still being followed up post fixation.Aetiology of Infection were post fracture fixation 41 (68%), spontaneous osteomyelitis 10 (17%), soft tissue infection 4 (7%). The remaining 5 patients (8%) had a combination failed arthroplasty, arthrodesis and chronic infection from ring sequestrum. 58 patients (97%) had positive cultures with 26 being polymicrobial. 12 cultures were gram negative (G-ve), 11 G+ve 12, 4 anaerobic and 1 Fungal. In 24 patients (40%) the pre-operative cultures and antibiotic sensitivities did not correspond to the intra-operative cultures and sensitivities. 55 patients (92%) required dual or triple therapy with 8% requiring further debridement and extended therapy. 2 (3%) patients had failed treatment requiring amputation.ConclusionsChronic osteomyelitis is a complex and challenging condition the successful treatment of which requires early referral to a specialist Orthoplastic unit. Less than half of organisms cultured pre-operatively reflect the causative organisms cultured intra-operatively with 52% of these infections being polymicrobial.After initial treatment, 8% of patients will require a further combination of extended antibiotic therapy and surgery to eradicate infection.
LEARNING FROM SIMULATION IN HIGHER ORTHOPAEDIC TRAINING: ARE WE ON THE SAME PAGE?
Authors: Al-Hilfi Lena , Afzal Irrum , Radha Sarkhell , Shenouda Michael 
Published: July 2023

Simulation use in training is rapidly becoming a mainstay educational tool seen to offer perceived benefits of a safe environment for repeated practice and learning from errors without jeopardising patient safety. However, there is currently little evidence addressing the trainees’ perspectives and attitudes of simulation training, particularly in comparison with trainers and the educational community.This study investigates orthopaedic trainees’ and trainers’ conceptions of learning from simulation-based training, exploring whether the orthopaedic community are ‘on the same page’, with respect to each other and the educational community. Qualitative research in the form of semi-structured interviews is used to identify commonalities and differences between trainee and trainer conceptions, based on respective experiences and expectations, and suggests ways of enhancing collaboration between stakeholders to achieve better alignment of conceptions.The research revealed that orthopaedic trainees and trainers conceive key themes in a similar manner: supporting the role of simulation in developing the ‘pre-trained novice’ as opposed to skill refinement or maintenance; attributing greater importance to non-technical rather than technical skills development using simulation; questioning the transferability to practice of learnt skills; and emphasising similar barriers to increased curriculum integration, including financing and scheduling. These conceptions are largely in contrast to those of the educational community, possibly due to differing conceptions of learning between the two communities, along with a lack of a common language in the discourse of simulation.There was some evidence of changing attitudes and positively emerging conceptions among the orthopaedic community, and capitalising on this by engaging trainers and trainees may help reconcile the differing conceptions and facilitate increasing simulation utilisation and curriculum integration. Developing a common language to make the educational more tangible to surgeons, bringing the educational closer to the surgical, may help maximise the educational benefit and shape the future of simulation use in surgical training.
WHICH IS THE BEST PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOME MEASURE TO EVALUATE YOUNG PATIENTS UNDERGOING HIP SURGERY?
Authors: Marin-Peña O. 
Published: July 2023

Young patients undergoing THA or hip used. HOS and iHOT33 have demonstrated to be useful in hip preservation surgery but never used in THA.The aim of the study was to evaluate long-term clinical outcomes with HOS and iHOT33 in hip arthroscopy and THAWe conducted a retrospective study with prospective data collection of 118 consecutive young patients (<65 y.o.) between 2008 to 2012 who underwent hip arthroscopy or THA. The mean follow-up was 12.05 years. All surgeries were done by the same senior surgeon. PROMs used were iHOT-33 and HOS preoperatively, at one year and 10 years. SPSS Statistics Grad Pack 28.0 software was used for statistical analysisArthroscopy Group (57 patients): Mean age 35.36 years. 55.93% were male. iHOT33 mean differential improvement was 24.43 at 1 year, 70,17% exceed MCID and 49,1% SCB. HOS mean differential improvement was 16.26 at one year. 54,38 % patients exceed MCID and 49,36% SCB. At 10 years, iHOT33 mean differential improvement was 14,36 and 12.56 for HOS. Regarding complications, 3 patients underwent THA (5.26%) and 10 (17.54%) continued with groin pain.THA Group (61 patients): Mean age 52,54 years. 55.73% were male. Cementless THA was used in all patients with ceramic on ceramic used in 77%. iHOT33 mean differential improvement was 41,57 at 1 year. 95,08% patients exceed MCID and 85,25% SCB. HOS mean differential improvement was 16.57 points at one year. 85,25% patients exceed MCID and 81,97% SCB. At 10 years, iHOT33 mean differential improvement was 20,15 and 14.12 for HOS. Regarding complications, 1 patient underwent DAIR for infection (1.64%) and 1 dislocation with close reduction (1.64%).iHOT33 or HOS scores should be considered to be used in young active patients after hip preserving surgery or THA, with more predictable results at long-term in THA group.
HIGH ANTIOXIDATION-CAPACITY STEM CELLS ENHANCE CARTILAGE REGENERATION
Authors: Kim Y.J. , Yang H.R. , Bae H.C. , Han H-S. 
Published: July 2023

Stem cells are known to have low levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and high levels of glutathione. ROS are thought to interact with several pathways that affect the transcription machinery required for stem cell differentiation, and are critical for maintaining stem cell function. In this study, we are developing a new fluorescent probe that rapidly and reversibly reacts with glutathione (GSH), the most abundant non-protein thiol in living cells that acts as an antioxidant and redox regulator.Multipotent perivascular progenitor cells derived from human ESCs (hESC-PVPCs): Differentiated ESCs as embryoid bodies in the presence of BMP4 to induce mesoderm differentiation followed by a simple cell selection strategy using attachment of single cells onto collagen-coated dishes. Differential gene expression profiling was performed among H9 hESCs, EBs induced by BMP4 and naturally selected CD140B+CD44+ population at Day 7 (PVPCs). Colony-forming assay: GSHhigh and GSHlow PVPCs were plated on 10-cm tissue culture-treated polystyrene dishes in triplicate in growth medium and cultured for 14 days. Transwell migration assay: GSHhigh and GSHlow PVPCs at passage 4 were resuspended at 1 × 106/mL in the migration medium and seeded in the upper chamber. The following human recombinant SDF-1 and PDGF-AA proteins were used as chemoattractants in the lower compartment.Probe-GSH conjugate shows shifts in fluorescence excitation and emission spectra that enables ratiometric measurement of GSH levels. Using these properties, stem cells can be purified by FACS-based technology according to intracellular GSH level. We are developing a protocol both for comparing GSH level in stem cell from different culture conditions and for preparing stem cells with high-GSH level . Our results reveal that GSHhigh PVPC purified by FACS show increased colony forming ability compared with that GSHlow PVPC, indicating that intracellular GSH contributes to the maintenance of stemness. Moreover, transplantation of GSHlow PVPC is more effective than that of GSHlow PVPC for cartilage regeneration in osteochondral defect.This technique enable FACS-based sorting of stem cells according to intracellular GSH levels and thus investigation of functional role of GSH (high antioxidant capacity) in the stem cell maintenance and chondrogenic differentiation.