bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological and differential gene expression reveals a trade‐off between antioxidant capacity and salt tolerance in halophytes Urochondra setulosa and Dichanthium annulatum
Authors: MANN ANITA , Kumar Naresh , Lata Charu , Kumar Arvind , Meena B. L. , Kumar Ashwani 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Among abiotic stresses, soil salinity is one of the major global constraints to growth and productivity in most of the crop plants, limiting current and future agricultural sustainability. One of the strategies to dissect the salinity tolerance phenomenon can be the study of plants growing naturally in saline environments and halophytes can serve as another model plants for salt tolerance studies.
Methods and Results
Here, we studied two un-explored halophytes, moderately salt tolerant, Dichanthium annulatum and extremely salt tolerant, Urochondra setulosa for investigating the contributory role of antioxidative system, the first line of defence, in salinity tolerance mechanism at salinity levels of ECe ~ 30, 40 and 50 dSm− 1(~ 300,400,500 mM NaCl). H2O2 content, SOD and ascorbate peroxidase activities were higher in U. setulosa at all saline treatments whereas MDA content and catalase activity was high in D. annulatum although the specific enzyme activities of ROS system increased with increasing levels of salinity in both the halophytes. This differential physiological expression was in parallel with the transcriptomic data generated through High throughput sequencing on Illumina platform depicting 276 and 66 differentially expressed genes coding for various components of ROS system like antioxidant activity, cell redox and glutathione metabolism in response to salinity in U. setulosa and D. annulatum respectively. In D. annulatum, H2O2 is detoxified by increased activities of SOD, APX and catalase where as in halophyte U. setulosa, peroxidase takes over catalase to remove H2O2 along with DHAR and MDHAR which significantly correlates with the differentially expressed transcripts.
Conclusions
The salinity responsive gene expression for ROS enzymes and antioxidants clearly differentiate between these two halophytes supporting the detoxification of H2O2 and survival at different salinity levels. This study provides reference information on the key genes responsible for salt tolerance which can be used for related plant species for genetic improvement.
Advancing Understanding on Greenspace and Mental Health in Young People
Authors: Ryan Sophia C , Sugg Margaret M , Runkle Jennifer D , Thapa Bhuwan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Poor mental health outcomes among young people, including anxiety, depression, and suicide, have increased substantially in recent years. Given this concerning rise, more research into low-cost mental health interventions is needed. Research suggests that greenspace may be protective of mental health. This study aims to further understanding of the greenspace-mental health association among young people in five distinct urbanities (i.e., urban, suburban, micropolitan, small towns, rural/isolated). We apply publicly available greenspace datasets, which were used to derive greenspace quantity, quality, and accessibility metrics. Emergency department visits for young people (< 24 years) for the following mental health disorders were examined: anxiety, depression, mood disorders, mental and behavioral disorders, and substance use disorders. Generalized linear models investigated the association between greenspace and community-level drivers of mental health burden in North Carolina. Mood disorders saw the highest increase in prevalence in urban communities with low greenspace quantity (PRR: 1.19, CI: 1.16–1.21), anxiety disorders were associated with the greatest increase in rural/isolated communities with poor greenspace quality (PRR: 1.61, CI: 1.43–1.82), and both substance use disorders (PRR: 2.38, CI: 2.19–2.58) and depression (PRR: 2.09, CI: 1.72–2.53) were associated with the greatest increase in prevalence in rural/isolated communities with poor greenspace accessibility. Greenspace quantity interventions may be most effective in urban and suburban areas, greenspace quality interventions may be most beneficial in small towns and rural/isolated communities, and greenspace accessibility interventions may be most useful in urban, micropolitan and rural/isolated communities. Our analysis provides community-specific findings to guide targeted greenspace-mental health interventions.
Comparison of 0.01% and 0.05% Atropine Eye Drops in Childhood Myopia Progression
Authors: Akdemir Sibel Coşkun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Comparison of 0.01% and 0.05% atropine eye drops with every other day treatment for slowing down myopia progression in children.
Methods: Children aged 5-16 years with myopia of -1.00-10.00 D and astigmatism less than -2.50 D and had myopic progression of at least 1.00D in the past year were included in the retrospective study. 0.01% and 0.05% atropine eye drops were applied every other day. At each visit, all patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination including cycloplegic refraction, axial length (AL), and photopic-mesopic pupil sizes. Spherical equivalent(SE), AL and photopic-mesopic pupil sizes were evaluated.
Results: Totally 92 eyes of 46 patients were included in the study ( 22 0.01% atropin, 24 0.05% atropin). At the end of the 12-months follow- up period, tbe mean SE change was -0.41±0.28 D and -0,19±0.22 D in the 0.01% and %0.05 atropine groups, respectively (p<0.001). AL change was 0.19±0.16mm and 0.16±0.24mm in the 0.01% and 0.05% atropine groups, respectively (p=0.52). Side effects such as photophobia and blurred near vision were not observed in the 0.01% atropine group, but in the 0.05% atropine group, photophobia ( 3 patients) and blurred near vision ( 8 patients) were observed.
Conclusions: 0.01% and 0.05% atropine eye drops significantly slow down the progression of myopia with every other day use. 0.01% atropine is better tolerated than 0.05% atropine.
Recurring EPHB1 mutations in human cancers alter receptor signalling and compartmentalisation of colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Kundu Snehangshu , Nunes Luis , Adler Jeremy , Mathot Lucy , Stoimenov Ivaylo , Sjöblom Tobias 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Ephrin (EPH) receptors have been implicated in tumorigenesis and metastasis, but the functional understanding of mutations observed in human cancers is limited. We previously demonstrated reduced cell compartmentalisation for somatic EPHB1 mutations found in metastatic colorectal cancer cases. We therefore integrated pan-cancer and pan-EPH mutational data to prioritise recurrent EPHB1mutations for functional studies to understand their contribution to cancer development and metastasis.
Methods: Here, 79,151 somatic mutations in 9,898 samples of 33 different tumour types were analysed with a bioinformatic pipeline to find 3D-mutated cluster pairs and recurring hotspot mutations in EPHreceptors. From these, 15 recurring EPHB1mutations were stably expressed in colorectal cancer followed by 3D confocal microscopy based in vitro compartmentalisation assays and phospho-proteome analysis using the Sciomics platform.
Results: Whereas the ligand-binding domain mutations C61Y, R90C, and R170W, the fibronectin domain mutation R351L, and the kinase domain mutation D762N displayed reduced to strongly compromised cell compartmentalisation, the kinase domain mutations R743W and G821R enhanced this phenotype. While mutants with reduced compartmentalisation also had reduced ligand induced receptor phosphorylation, the enhanced compartmentalisation was not linked to receptor phosphorylation level. Phosphoproteome mapping pinpointed the PI3K pathway and PIK3C2B phosphorylation in cells harbouring mutants with reduced compartmentalisation. Furthermore, the 3D-protein structure-based bioinformatics analysis showed comparatively more robustness by identifying 63% (5 out of 8 selected 3D-anlysed mutants) vs the 43% (3 out of 7 selected 2D-analysed mutants) EPHB1mutants with compartmentalisation phenotypes.
Conclusions: This is the first integrative study of pan-cancer EPH receptor mutations followed by in vitro validation, a robust way to identify cancer-causing mutations, and demonstrated the utility for 3D-protein structure-based mutation analysis in characterization of putative cancer genes.
Exploring the relationship between education, living environment, and anxiety/depression among stable patients: insights from the COPD-AD China Registry study
Authors: Zhao Xuanna , Long Bingyu , Huang Bangxiao , Zhong Xiaomei , Chen Xiaoer , Shen Xiaoping , Huang Qiu , Zhang Wenchao , Wu Jiayuan , Chen Min , Li Dongming , Wu Bin , Lv Dong , Huang Dan , Wu Dong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The relationship between education and living environment is complex, and both factors are related to mental health. However, few studies have examined the independent and combined effects of education and living environment on mental health among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Methods
We analyzed data for 1064 patients with COPD enrolled in the COPD-AD China Registry study from 2017 to 2021. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the independent and combined effects of education and living environment on patients’ mental health. We also evaluated additive interactions with the relative excess risk ratio (RERI), attribution percentage (AP), and synergy index (SI).
Results
Our primary analysis revealed the incidence of anxiety and depression was associated with educational level and living environment. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, binary logistic regression analyses showed that low education level and urban living environment were independently associated with higher risks for anxiety (odds ratio [OR]: 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–2.29 and OR:2.15, 95% CI 1.51–2.05) and depression (OR:1.62, 95% CI 1.17–2.27 and OR: 2.01, 95% CI 1.46–2.75) among patients with COPD. Our secondary analysis showed that the combination of low education level and living in urban areas was associated with the highest and significantly increased risk for anxiety (OR: 7.90, 95% CI 3.83–16.29, P < .001) or depression (OR: 11.79, 95% CI 5.77–24.10, P < .001) among these patients. Furthermore, we observed strong synergistic additive interactions between low education level and living in urban areas for anxiety (SI: 11.57, 95% CI 1.41–95.27; RERI: 6.31, 95% CI 1.60–11.01; AP: 0.8, 95% CI 0.66–0.94) and depression (SI: 31.31, 95% CI 1.59–617.04; RERI: 10.44, 95% CI 2.66–18.23; AP: 0.89, 95% CI 0.8–0.97).
Conclusions
Our study suggests that mental health among patients with COPD is influenced by their education and living environment. Patients who have low education levels and live in urban areas may experience more anxiety and depression.
Trial registration
The clinical trial registration code was obtained from the ClinicalTrials.gov (date of registration: 14/06/2017, registration number: NCT03187236).
Osteoporosis and associated risk factors in patients with severe hemophilia A: a case- control study from China
Authors: Wu Dongxiao , Shen ShaoNing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

IntroductionPeople with hemophilia risk osteoporosis more than healthy people, which may be related to specific factors.MethodsThis case-control study included 53 patients with severe hemophilia type A and 49 healthy participants. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to determine bone mineral density (BMD). Collected Information on age, body mass index (BMI), number of deformed joints, Functional Independence Score in Hemophilia (FISH), bone turnover markers, antibodies, treatment modalities. To identify independent risk factors for osteoporosis.ResultsThe BMD of the femoral neck (0.80g/cm2vs.0.97 g/cm2), Ward’s triangle (0.62 g/cm2vs.0.83 g/cm2), tuberosity (0.63 g/cm2vs.0.80 g/cm2) and hip (0.80g/cm2vs.0.98 g/ cm2) in the case group were significantly lower than those in the control group, all of which were P < 0.001. However, there was no significant difference in the overall BMD of lumbar spine(L1-L4) (1.07g / cm2vs. 1.11g / cm2). The incidence of osteoporosis in the case group was 41.51%. BMI and FISH score were considered as independent risk factors for BMD decrease.ConclusionThe BMD of patients with severe hemophilia A is much lower than that of healthy population, and this difference is mainly reflected in the hip. The clear influencing factors were low BMI and functional independence decrease. Osteoclast was active while osteoblast activity was not enhanced synchronously, which may be the pathological mechanism of BMD decrease.
Dietary intakes of women with gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy outcomes: a prospective observational study
Authors: Zheng Xin , Zhang Qiaoqing , Su Weijuan , Liu Wei , Huang Caoxin , Shi Xiulin , Li Xuejun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Nutritient intake of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is important to ensure satisfactory birth outcomes. The aim of this study is to explore the dietary profiles of patients with GDM, compare the results with the Chinese dietary guidelines or Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) from China and investigate the relationship between maternal dietary intake and pregnancy outcomes.
Methods
A total of 221 patients with GDM in the second trimester were included in the cohort. Dietary intake data were collected using a 24-hour recall method for 3 consecutive days. Pregnancy outcomes of these participants were followed up. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the associations between dietary intake variables or general characteristics variables and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Results
Participants with adverse pregnancy outcomes showed lower percentage of dietary energy intake from carbohydrate, iodine and Vitamin D and higher percentage of dietary energy intake from fat compared to participants without adverse pregnancy outcomes. The gestational weight gain and family history of diabetes were associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Exercise, the percentage of dietary energy intake from carbohydrate, the intake of iodine and Vitamin D were associated with a decreased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Conclusion
The daily diet of pregnant women with GDM in China did not meet the dietary guidelines or DRIs. The low dietary carbohydrate ratio and intake of Vitamin D and iodine, family history of diabetes, lack of exercise, and high gestational weight gain were associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with GDM.
The effect of birth ball exercise on labor pain, delivery duration, birth comfort, and birth satisfaction: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Aslantaş Beyza Nur , Çankaya Seyhan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the effect of birth ball exercise on labor pain, delivery duration, birth comfort, and birth satisfaction.
Methods
The study used a randomized controlled trial design. All 120 primipara pregnant women were randomly assigned to the intervention (IG) and control groups (CG). After the cervical dilatation reached at 4 cm, the pregnant women in the IG performed birth ball exercises, adhering to the birth ball guide created by the researcher. No intervention was made in the control group other than standard midwifery care practices.
Results
The labor pain level between the groups (VAS 1-when cervical dilatation was 4 cm) was similar to each other. The labor pain level (VAS 2- when cervical dilatation was 9 cm) scores of the women in the IG were significantly lower than those in the CG (p < 0.05). The time between the active phase of labor until dilatation is complete and the time until the baby's head comes out after full dilatation was found to be statistically significantly shorter in the IG compared to the CG (p < 0.05). Childbirth comfort and satisfaction mean scores between the groups were found to be statistically insignificant (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
As a result of the study, it was determined that the birth ball exercise significantly reduced labor pain and labor time. We recommend that the birth ball exercise be applied to all low-risk pregnant women because it helps fetal descent and cervical dilatation, and shortens labor pain and delivery time.
Appropriateness of Prostate Cancer Prevention and Screening Recommendations Obtained From ChatGPT-4
Authors: Zheng Yuxiao , Xu Zicheng , Yu Bin , Xu Ting , Huang Xiaochen , Zou Qing , Peng Bo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the appropriateness of prostate cancer (PCa) prevention and screening recommendations provided by ChatGPT-4
Materials and Methods: We presented 32 questions regarding PCa prevention and screening using ChatGPT-4 based on National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines and clinical experience. Each question was asked to ChatGPT-4 three times, and the responses were graded by three expert urologists as reviewers. We evaluated sets of three responses generated by ChatGPT-4 in two distinct contexts: a general patient-facing platform and direct patient-to-clinician messages. A board certified/eligible urologist assessed each response set as appropriate, inappropriate, or unreliable.
Results: In both contexts, ChatGPT-4 generated appropriate responses for 30 out of 32 (94%) questions, while one (3%) was considered inappropriate and one (3%) was deemed unreliable. Inappropriate response was related to a Gleason score of 5+3, while unreliable answer was linked to a Gleason score of 3+5 on prostate biopsy results.
Conclusions: ChatGPT-4 is capable of providing appropriate counseling regarding disease prevention and screening for patients with PCa.
Evaluation of the histopathological effects of injectable hyaluronic acid as a filler material in rat’s lip
Authors: Al-aroomy Leena , AbdelBary Sawsan , El-Rouby Dalia , Alwadeai Mohamed , Ashoub Madiha 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives: The present work aimed to examine the early and late histopathological changes occurring in the lower lips of rats, as a result of hyaluronic acid injection, and to determine whether it could really bring us closer to the ideal soft tissue filler material. This research highlights the importance of experimental studies on this subject since adverse reactions have been observed routinely in dental practice.
Material and Methods: The present study was carried out on 36 adult male albino rats with age ranging from 2 to 3 months and weight ranging from 150 to 200g. Rats were divided into two equal groups, each consisting of 18 rats; group I (control group) and group II (experimental group). Rats in the experimental group were injected with hyaluronic acid (0.07 ml), whereas rats in the control group were injected with 0.9% sodium chloride. Each group was further subdivided into 3 subgroups: A, B and C according to the time of sacrifice at one week, one and a half months and three months respectively.
Results: The results showed inflammation triggered by the injection of hyaluronic acid. On examining the specimens histologically using Hematoxylin and Eosin stains, Toluidine Blue stain and immunohistochemistry with anti-CD68 antibody, there was a significantly greater inflammatory response in the groups at early intervals with hyaluronic acid compared with the control (P<0.0001). Higher collagen formation was also observed with Masson’s Trichrome staining.
Conclusions: Based on the histopathological, histochemical and immunohistochemical results of this study, undesirable effects of hyaluronic acid filler injection can be detected at early intervals following its injection. Fortunately, all the undesirable effects are transient and decrease by time, reaching levels comparable to normal. Overall, HA was well-tolerated by tissues, reflecting how this filler material possesses a biocompatible property.
Clinical Relevance: This study introduces hyaluronic acid as a favorable dermal filling material to improve skin contour, and lip augmentation, reduce depression in the skin, and treatment of facial wrinkles with minimal side effects and reasonable cost.
Higher Platelet Count is Associated with First Episode of Peritonitis Risk in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Yu Jing , Ye Hongjian , Li Hongyu , Hua Shun , Liu Jiaqi , Li Hongyu , Wang Yating , Mao Haiping 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Platelets play parts in infection, inflammation, and immune processes. However, the association between platelet count and the risk of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis is unclear. This was a retrospective, observational, single-center cohort study. A Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent association of platelet count with the occurrence of first PD-associated peritonitis. Models were adjusted for gender, age, BMI, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, white blood cell, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, hemoglobin, albumin, potassium, and anti-platelet medication usage. A total of 2374 patients were enrolled in this study (59% men; mean age 47.40 ± 12.12). The average platelet count was 229.30 ± 82.12 x 109/L. 467 (20%) patients suffered from PD-associated peritonitis at least once. In the multivariable model, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for quartiles 2, 3, and 4 versus quartile 1 were 1.391 (95% CI 0.984–1.996, P = 0.062), 1.835 (95% CI 1.316–2.558, P < 0.001), and 1.919 (95% CI 1.356–2.715, P < 0.001) with baseline data. A nonlinear relationship between platelet count and first PD-associated peritonitis was observed. Further, the association between platelet and first PD-associated peritonitis was significant in the patients with hypokalemia (P for interaction = 0.040). In PD patients, elevated platelet counts were significantly associated with an increased risk of the first onset of PD-associated peritonitis.
Presenilin2 D439A mutation induced the dysfunction of mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics via regulating Miro2 in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Gao Chenhao , Shang Junkui , Sun Zhengyu , Xia Mingrong , Gao Dandan , Sun Ruihua , Li Wei , Wang Fengyu , Zhang Jie-wen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disease, about 10% of AD patients are called early-onset familial AD (EOFAD), which is mainly linked to the point mutations in genes encoding Presenilins (PS1 and PS2). Mutations in PS2 are extremely rare and PS2 mutations have not received enough attention. Recently studies have found that Rho GTPase was closely related to the pathogenesis of AD. In this study, we used transcriptome sequencing in PS2 siRNA SH-SY5Y cells and found a group of differential expression genes (DEGs) play a key role in the regulation of GTPase activity. Among those DEGs, the most significantly down regulated was Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor5 (ARHGEF5). The GTPase activity in PS2 siRNA cells decreased significantly. Then we found that the expression of ARHGEF5 and the GTPase activity of Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 2 (Miro2) in PS2 D439A mutant SH-SY5Y cells decreased significantly. We found for the first time that PS2 can bind to Miro2, and PS2 D439A mutation reduced the binding between PS2 and Miro2, reduced the expression of Miro2, and resulted in the imbalance of mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics. In conclusion, PS2 gene knockdown may participate in the pathogenesis of AD through the regulation of GTPase activity. The imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics mediated by PS2 D439A mutation through regulating Miro2 expression and Miro2-GTPase activity may be one of the potential pathogenic mechanisms of AD.