bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of tree arrangements of silvopasture system on behaviour and performance of cattle – a systematic review
Authors: De-Sousa Karolini Tenffen , Deniz Matheus , Dittrich João Ricardo , Hötzel Maria José 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This review aimed to provide a critical and systematic evaluation of the scientific literature about the effect of tree arrangements of the silvopasture system on the thermal environment, behaviour, and performance of cattle. We conducted a search using Web of Science and Google Scholar to identify the key literature of the theme. Peer-reviewed published articles written in English, comparing one or more tree arrangements of SPS to treeless pasture or comparing shaded and sunny areas within the SPS, were selected. The resulting manuscripts (n=191) underwent a four-step PRISMA appraisal process. This process resulted in a final sample of 37 articles, which were used for recording metadata, bibliometric analysis, and assessment of the results, using the software R. Of the 37 articles, 20 studies evaluated dairy cattle (behaviour: 14; performance: 7) and 17 evaluated beef cattle (behaviour: 6; performance: 12). The main behaviours evaluated were grazing (95%) and ruminating (90%), while weight gain (89%) was the main performance variable evaluated. The cooccurrence network analysis highlighted that the studies related the animals’ response to improving the thermal environment promoted by silvopasture systems. The main difference among tree arrangements evaluated by the studies was tree density, which ranged from 5 to 800 trees/ha; most studies covered SPS with row of trees (single row, n=16 and multiple rows, n=19). Most studies (n=32) were carried out in Brazil. The evidence of this review showed that regardless of tree arrangement, the silvopasture system improves the thermal environment for cattle, although some effects on behaviour and performance are inconclusive.
Dietary Chlorella vulgaris mitigated the adverse effects of Imidacloprid on the growth performance, antioxidant, and immune responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Ramírez-Coronel Andrés Alexis , Jasim Saade Abdalkareem , Zadeh Ali Hasanpour Ardekani , Jawad Mohammed Abed , Al-Awsi Ghaidaa Raheem Lateef , Adhab Ali Hussein , Kodirov Gayrat , Soltanifar Zahra , Mustafa Yasser Fakri , Norbakhsh Maryam 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The use of pesticides to eliminate pests and weeds has raised concerns about water pollution and adverse effects on aquatic organisms, so many efforts have been made to increase the resistance of fish to these pesticides by using a proper nutrition strategy. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the growth performance, antioxidant, and immune responses of fish exposed to Imidacloprid insecticide (C9H10ClN5O2) by different doses of Chlorella vulgaris dry powder to the diet of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). In this study, 600 common carp with a medium weight (18.10±0.2 g; mean ± SE) were prepared and after adaptation and determination of lethal concentration of Imidacloprid, for 56 days in 6 treatments and each with 3 replications were classified and tested (Control (T1), 5% Chlorella vulgaris dry powder and no pollution (T2), 10% Chlorella vulgaris dry powder and no pollution (T3), No Chlorella vulgaris dry powder and 12.5% LC50 Imidacloprid (T4), 5% Chlorella vulgaris dry powder plus 12.5% LC50 Imidacloprid (T5) and 10% Chlorella vulgaris dry powder plus 12.5% LC50 Imidacloprid (T6)). After 96 hours of exposure to distinct concentrations of the insecticide, the total mortality was measured and the Imidacloprid median lethal concentration (LC50) over 96 hours was calculated (266.2 mg/l) using Probit analysis. According to the result, common carp fed T2 had the highest final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR), and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the groups (P<0.05). Fish in the T2 group had the highest total proteins, albumin and globulin (P<0.05). Fish in the group T4 had the highest cortisol, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in the blood, while fish fed T2 and T3 had low values (P<0.05). The alternative complement pathway (ACH50) was significantly higher in T2 and T3 than other groups (P<0.05). Blood total immunoglobulin (Ig) and lysozyme activity were high in T2 and T3 groups, and had the lowest values in the T4 group (P<0.05). The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) showed the highest activities in T2 (P<0.05). T4 group had the highest malondialdehyde (MDA) level, while T2 and T3 groups had the lowest MDA level (P<0.05). The highest amylase, protease and lipase were in the T2 group, while the lowest values were in the T4 group (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary Chlorella vulgaris protects common carp from Imidacloprid insecticide, since it improved growth performance, antioxidant and immune responses of fish.
The protective effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the growth performance, intestinal health, and antioxidative capacity of mullet (Liza ramada) fed diets contaminated with aflatoxin B1
Authors: El-Mokhlesany Sara A.I. , Ibrahim Mostafa A. , Amer Asem A. , Gewaily Mahmoud S. , Zaineldin Amr I. , Soliman Ali , Baromh Mohamed Z. , Gouda Ali H. , Dawood Mahmoud A.O. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Plant protein ingredients are increasingly included in mullet feeds and are expected to be contaminated with mycotoxins (AFB1). Thus, this study investigated the protective role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae against oxidative stress and hepato-renal malfunction induced by AFB1 contamination in mullets. Four diets were formulated, where the first was kept as the control diet, and the second was supplemented with S. cerevisiae at 5 × 106 cells/g. The third diet was supplied with AFB1 at 1 mg/kg, and the fourth was supplemented with S. cerevisiae and AFB1. Mullet fed the control or both AFB1 and S. cerevisiae (yeast/ AFB1) had similar FBW, WG, SGR, and FCR (P˃0.05). Mullet treated with S. cerevisiae without AFB1 contamination showed the highest FBW, WG, and SGR (P<0.05), while fish in the AFB1 group had lower FBW, WG, and SGR and higher FCR than fish in the control and yeast/ AFB1 groups (P<0.05). Using yeast with AFB1 prevented pathological hazards and improved intestinal structure. Further, yeast combined with AFB1 reduced the degenerative changes and enhanced the histological structure except for a mild inflammatory reaction around the bile duct. Fish in the control or yeast/ AFB1 group had higher HB, PCV, RBCs, and WBCs than fish in the AFB1 group (P<0.05). Fish fed the control, or the yeast/ AFB1 diets had similar total protein and albumin levels with higher values than fish contaminated with AFB1 (P<0.05). Fish fed the control and yeast/ AFB1 diets had similar ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine levels (P˃0.05) and were lower than fish contaminated with AFB1. Additionally, fish fed the control and yeast/ AFB1 diets had similar CAT, GPx, SOD, and MDA (P˃0.05) and were lower than fish contaminated with AFB1 (P<0.05). In conclusion, incorporating S. cerevisiae ameliorated the negative impacts of AFB1 toxicity on mullets’ growth, hepato-renal function, and antioxidative capacity.
Inheriting the “Unfinished Business”: An Introductory Study of the Dictator Novel Set in Africa
Authors: Okuhata Yutaka 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Whereas so-called dictator fiction in Latin America is already established as a significant literary subgenre, it is only recently that an increasing number of studies have started to deal with its counterpart set in Africa. In fact, both inside and outside the postcolonial African continent, dictator novels have been written in several languages, including English, French, Arabic, and Kikuyu. One of the most outstanding achievements among recent studies of this kind of fiction is Magali Armillas-Tiseyra’s The Dictator Novel: Writers and Politics in the Global South (2019), which examines dictator novels in two different regions – Africa and Latin America – by using the keyword “Global South” to connect them with each other. After taking a genealogical overview of some dictator novels by both African and non-African authors, the present essay will critically investigate Armillas-Tiseyra’s argument in order to reconsider fictional African dictators depicted in contemporary novels, especially those written in English, from a global and transborder perspective. The aim of this essay is to clarify both the challenges and prospects of the current studies of this literary subgenre in/about Africa.
The Aetiology and the Pyschogenesis of Tyrannical Behaviour in Macbeth
Authors: Tîrban Emilian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article explores the aetiology and the psychogenesis of Macbeth’s tyrannical ambitions and the growth of his psychic degradation. Macbeth deigns to be an incorrigible regicide, but his ambition is ultimately overpowered by his conscience. This aporetic conflict is ultimately fatal to his morality and sense of Self. Character analysis informed by psychoanalytic criticism will investigate the protagonist’s tormented psyche in its struggle between the ego-syntonic (Persona) and the ego-dystonic (Shadow) leading to neurosis that culminates in psychosis as Macbeth’s identity fractures throughout the play. The ontological issue of the Witches is explored in an attempt to explain the role the metamorphic environment plays in Macbeth’s psychic atrophy. For this reason, the Witches present us with the conundrum of their being both phenomenal and noumenal. Macbeth’s difficulty to distinguish between the real and the phantasmagoric results in a psychotic breakdown. Accordingly, he becomes a mad tyrant seeking to protect his unlawful reign.
An Archetypal Reading of Bharati Mukherjee’s Jasmine: Instinctive Agency and the Individuation Process
Authors: Malkawi Suhaib H. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article presents an archetypal reading of Bharati Mukherjee’s Jasmine that foregrounds the narrator’s agency in her sequential transformations in the narrative. The critic starts from a broader conception of the term agency that encapsulates those instinctive types of actions in which the protagonist, and people in everyday life, find themselves implicated. In other words, the term agency should not be limited to fully conscious and deliberate acts, hence the concept “instinctive agency.” Other scholars have seen that the denomination factor in Jasmine, i.e. the fact that every characterological transformation the narrator experiences coincides with a name given to her by a male partner, is a clear sign of her diminishing subjectivity and lack of agency. This study refutes this claim by foregrounding the agentive role of her personal history, and by presenting a thorough psychological and archetypal analysis of the male partners with whom she relates. This article also refutes Mukherjee’s claim that complete abnegation of the old self is required for transformation to occur. By highlighting the ways in which the protagonist’s old Indian self comes to the surface time and again throughout her journey, the article evidences that the author’s views regarding self-transformation are psychologically unrealistic. The article concludes with the perspective that it is inaccurate to regard Jasmine as a sheer receptacle of male power and postcolonial influence, and that a deeper psychological reading substantiates her agency and subjectivity in the postmodern world in which her narrative of self-transformation unfolds.
The eradication of M. caprae tuberculosis in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the Bieszczady Mountains, southern Poland – an administrative perspective
Authors: Welz Mirosław , Krajewska-Wędzina Monika , Orłowska Blanka , Didkowska Anna , Radulski Łukasz , Łoś Przemysław , Weiner Marcin , Anusz Krzysztof 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Animal tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonotic disease caused by acid-fast bacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Both animals and humans are susceptible to infection by the MTBC. Interspecies transmission is also possible, including to livestock and humans. In the years 1997–2013, many tuberculosis cases were recorded in European bison in the Bieszczady Mountains; more alarmingly, TB was also recorded in wild boar in the years 2013–2020.

Material and Methods
In the years 2013–2020, 104 wild boar from the Bieszczady Mountains were tested for TB through necropsy, mycobacterial culture, strain identification and spoligotyping.

Results
The microbiological examination confirmed TB in 46 wild boar; these infections were identified as M. caprae, spoligotype SB2391.

Conclusion
Free-living European bison are at risk of TB infection from wild boar carrying M. caprae. This situation also poses a risk to local cattle. There is a need for further activities aimed at monitoring the disease, preventing further transmission, and minimising the risk to public health.
Might God Help Explain Moral Knowledge?
Authors: Baggett David 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Although owing to proper basicality, phenomenal conservatism, and deliberative indispensability our axiomatic moral judgments seem to be prima facie justified, the question of potential undercutting defeaters can pose a challenge to moral knowledge. Evolutionary debunking arguments of various stripes are one of the more recent widely discussed contenders for such a defeater. Because of the likes of Michael Ruse, Richard Joyce, and Sharon Street, such arguments have attracted much attention. Their general structure features an empirical premise according to which the process of evolution has had a significant impact on the stock of even our axiomatic moral judgments. The epistemic premise has it that if the empirical premise holds, then our moral knowledge is severely challenged if not debunked altogether, and perhaps even moral realism itself, since if our epistemic faculties can’t reliably put us in touch with objective moral truths, those truths are out of a job in our ontology. Since the most outspoken evolutionary debunkers are secularists, they somewhat understandably tend to smuggle something of a naturalistic origins thesis into their conception of evolution, thus precluding a divine guidance of the evolutionary process, which renders it a formidable challenge for them to evade the force of the debunking challenge. Unsurprisingly Ruse, Joyce, and Street all end up abandoning moral realism and any moral knowledge predicated on it. Theism, however, potentially provides a defeater-defeater against the evolutionary debunking argument(s) (if not a defeater-deflector), by rejecting the naturalistic origins thesis as a gratuitous theological add-on to which evolution need not be attached, carving out room for evolution to be a divinely guided process that may well ensure a correspondence between moral truth and at least our most nonnegotiable moral convictions.
A Molinist Response to Schellenberg’s Hiddenness Argument
Authors: Erasmus Jacobus , Stratton Timothy A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
John Schellenberg argues that divine hiddenness is evidence against God’s existence. More precisely, according to Schellenberg’s well-known Hiddenness Argument, God’s existence entails that there would never be any nonresistant non-believers; however, there are some non-resistant non-believers; therefore, God does not exist. In this paper, we offer a Molinist response or solution to the Hiddenness Argument. First, we briefly explain Molinism, we then describe Schellenberg’s Hiddenness Argument, and, finally, we argue that Molinism undercuts the view that God would necessarily ensure there will never be any nonresistant non-believers.
An Exploration of Metaphysical Grounding and Divine Command Theory
Authors: Mileo Jesse 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The concept of metaphysical grounding refers to a dependence relation—a relation between facts that is asymmetrical and non-causal. I aim to apply this concept to a Divine Command Theory (DCT) of moral obligations. Divine command theorists say that moral obligations arise from God’s commands. I argue that the three main views on the relation between the divine command and the obligation—causal, supervenience, and identity—do not capture all that we desire in a moral theory of obligations. After attempting to clarify metaphysical grounding in general, I articulate the distinction between what I call normative grounding and metaethical grounding. I then use this distinction to criticize Walter Sinnott-Armstrong’s discussion of DCT and to highlight the compatibility of DCT with other ethical theories.
Validation of the “Darryl” PTSD cartoon test with abused children
Authors: Schandorph Løkkegaard Sille , Jeppesen Camilla , Elklit Ask 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
There is a lack of reliable and valid PTSD tests for young children that cannot read or are weak readers. The semi-projective cartoon test, “Darryl”, which is read aloud, is a measure that appeals to this age group. The test has been applied in both clinical and epidemiological studies.

Objective
to validate a cartoon test, “Darryl”, for children aged 6 or older in a population of children suspectedly sexually and/or physically abused.

Methods
In the Danish Child Centres, 327 children were screened with Darryl as part of an assessment for further intervention. The Bech Youth Inventory was filled out by 113 children, and 63 caregivers filled out the Strengths & Difficulties Questionnaire. Correlations were used to study the convergent validity between the scales and subscales and effect sizes were estimated. Reliability of the scales was investigated using Cronbach’s alpha.

Results
Following the DSM-IV, 55.7% of the children (n = 182) had a possible PTSD diagnosis. More girls (n = 110, 62.9 %) than boys (n = 72, 47.4%) had PTSD. A total of 21.7 % (n = 71) had subclinical PTSD, lacking only one symptom of the full diagnosis. There was no significant difference in PTSD regarding physical or sexual abuse.

Clinical significance
The test allows clinicians in the pediatric field to screen for possible PTSD in a population where systematic self-report data have paramount importance.

Conclusions
Darryl appears to be a valid and reliable test for screening young children who have been physically or sexually abused. The test is helpful for clinician working with young children to identify those have developed trauma symptoms to secure them early treatment.
EXAMINING THE FACTORIAL VALIDITY OF THE CHILD BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST 1.5-5 IN MEXICAN MOTHERS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Gil-Rodríguez Laura , Barcelata-Eguiarte Blanca Estela 
Published: February 2023

The aim of the study was to examine the factorial structure of the CBCL/1.5-5 (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2000) in a sample of mothers of preschool children aged 3 to 5 years from Mexico. 491 mothers completed the questionnaire in an online survey conducted from February 23rd to April 15th of 2022. A confirmatory factor analyzes was carried out. The seven-factor model was reproduced almost entirety, with the exception of the Somatic Complaints factor. The second-order bifactorial model showed an adequate fit, integrating the children problems into two Broadband scales, Internalized and Externalized problems. The results provide preliminary evidence of the construct validity of the CBCL/1.5-5 that support its uses as a screening tool for emotional and behavioral problems in Mexican preschool children.
ТЕМА ВІЙНИ У ФОЛЬКЛОРІ: НОВОТВОРИ, ФОЛЬКЛОРИЗАЦІЯ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ТЕКСТІВ КОЛЯДОК)
Authors: ЯРЕМКО Лілія 
Published: February 2023

У статті проаналізовано тексти колядок-новотворів, які з’явилися на початку ХХІ століття у зв’язку з війною росії проти України. Мова іде про появу нових варіантів фольклорних текстів. Такі новотвори ми маємо у багатьох жанрах української усної народної творчості. Але найбільше ми спостерігаємо це явище у зимовому циклі календарно-обрядової творчості. Важливість проблеми зумовлена потребою вивчення відображення теми війни у сучасному процесі творення фольклору. Мета статті показати, як у фольклорі, зокрема у колядках, знаходять відображення воєнні теми, з’являються нові мотиви. Ми беремо для аналізу тексти колядок-новотворів, що присвячені зимовій календарній обрядовості, які зараз активно побутують у мас-медіа та інтернет-ресурсах. Проводимо аналіз тексту колядки «Сумний, святий вечір» з періоду 1940-х років і зіставляємо з новими текстами, які виникають у сьогоденні. Інтерпретуємо текст авторської колядки «Там, во Бахмуті», яку зараз активно виконують творчі колективи. Звісно, текст цього твору написано після боїв у Бахмуті. Розглядаємо тексти колядок «Добрий вечір тобі, пане Господарю», з певними текстологічними видозмінами.У текстах з’являються нові мотиви, які пов’язані з опоетизацією сміливості і відваги бійців ЗСУ, вірою у Перемогу українського народу у цій війні. Звертаємо увагу на поетикальні засоби вираження у текстах. Безперечно, у класифікації колядок за адресатами, можемо говорити про нові тематичні групи: колядки воїну ЗСУ, колядки командувачу ЗСУ (Валерію Залужному). Потрібен певний час для того, щоб ці тексти закріпилися у фольклорній традиції. Методологічною основою статті є використання діахронно-синхронного принципу аналізу, функціонально-системний підхід до вивчення новітніх явищ духовної спадщини українців.
РОДИННА Й СІМЕЙНА ТЕМАТИКА У ПОЕЗІЇ Т. ШЕВЧЕНКА 1849 РР.
Authors: МИНЕНКО Юрій 
Published: February 2023

У статті проаналізовані твори Т. Шевченка, в яких розкривається тема сім’ї й родини. У цих творах ліричне «я» поета зливається з авторським, що підтверджує – перед нами переживання й думки самого Шевченка. Світогляд поета цілком збігається з патріархальними поглядами українського села середини ХІХ століття. Саме тому головним джерелом родинної і сімейної тематики поезій стала народна пісенна творчість. На мотиви українського фольклору написано багато творів 1849 року.
Особливо посилюються мотиви самотності, бажання «щирого серця» у поезії періоду заслання. В окремих поезіях ліричне «Я» автора намагається нібито відмовитися від намірів знайти вірну подругу життя. однак їхня несправжніст, «вдаваність» підтверджується насиченістю поезій романтичними ідилічними картинами, а також дитячими образами. Поступово формується усвідомлення про Батьківщину, Україну не лише як матір, а й «дружину» ліричного «Я» автора у поетичній творчості Тараса Шевченка.
Цьому, приміром, присвячена уся невеличка поема «Сотник», що підтверджує: шлюб старого діда і молодої дівчини є явищем неприроднім, як це і сприймалося у патріархальному українському селі. Одружуватися самому Шевченку після заслання може бути вже запізно. Сприятливий час для створення сім’ї уже минув. Хоча спроб одружитися Шевченко не залишатиме і після заслання, прикладом чого може бути історія з Ликерією Полусмаковою.
Ліричний герой поезії «Нащо мені женитися?» обирає козацьку волю, а його «чорнобривкою» стане «високая могилонька», а не молода дівчина. Таке розв’язання сюжету свідчить про невіру поета не лише у щасливе, а й у будь-яке майбутнє.
Окреме місце у поезії Шевченка посідають дитячі образи. Образ сироти у Шевченка посідає чільне місце. Не забуваймо також, що й сам поет з 11-річного віку був круглим сиротою. Проекцію на власний життєвий досвід знаходимо у поезії «І золотої й дорогої».