bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency of genetic alterations differs in advanced breast cancer between metastatic sites
Authors: Grote Isabel , Poppe Alexandra , Lehmann Ulrich , Christgen Matthias , Kreipe Hans , Bartels Stephan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAbout 20%–30% of breast cancer (BC) patients will develop distant metastases, preferentially in bones, liver, lung, and brain. BCs with different intrinsic subtypes prefer different sites for metastasis. These subtypes vary in the abundance of genetic alterations which may influence the localization of metastases. Currently, information about the relation between metastatic site and mutational profile of BC is limited. In this study, n = 521 BC metastases of the most frequently affected sites (bone, brain, liver, and lung) were investigated for the frequency of AKT1, ERBB2, ESR1, PIK3CA, and TP53 mutations via NGS and pyrosequencing. Somatic mutations were present in 64% cases. PIK3CA and TP53 were the most frequently mutated genes under study. We provide an analysis of the mutational profile of BCs and the affected metastatic site. Genetic alterations differed significantly depending on the organ site affected by metastases. TP53 mutations were mostly observed in brain metastases (51.0%), metastases outside of the brain revealed a much lower proportion of TP53 mutated samples. PIK3CA mutations are frequent in liver (40.6%), lung (36.8%), and bone metastases (35.7%), whereas less common in brain metastases (18.4%). The highest percentage of ESR1 mutations was observed in liver and lung metastases (about 30% each), whereas metastatic lesions in the brain showed significantly less ESR1 mutations, only in 2.0% of the cases. In summary, we found significant differences of mutational status in mBC depending on the affected organ and intrinsic subtype. Organotropism of metastatic cancer spread may be influenced by the mutational profile of individual BCs.
A hard pill to swallow? Parental health shocks and children's mental health
Authors: Glaser Felix , Pruckner Gerald J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBased on comprehensive administrative health record data from Austria, this study examines how children's mental health responds to a severe parental health shock. To account for the endogeneity of a serious parental illness, our sample is restricted to children who experience the health shock of a parent at some point in time and we exploit the timing of shocks in a dynamic DID setting. We find a positive causal effect of parental health shocks on children's mental health care utilization. Affected children have higher medical attendance for the treatment of mental illnesses, consume more psychotropic drugs, and are more likely to be hospitalized with mental and behavioral disorders. A significant increase in the utilization of antidepressants, anxiolytics, and sedatives can be observed for older children, girls and children with a white‐collar family background. Our findings have important policy implications for children's access to psychotherapies and mental health care after experiencing a traumatic household event.
The effect of untargeted naloxone distribution on opioid overdose outcomes
Authors: Dowd William N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOpioid overdose has claimed the lives of over 340,000 Americans in the last decade. Over that same period, policymakers have taken steps to increase the availability of naloxone—an opioid antagonist used to rescue overdose victims—to people in the community. Previous studies, most of which have examined the effects of state laws designed to facilitate access to naloxone, have reached mixed conclusions about the effects of naloxone access on fatal and non‐fatal overdoses. This paper exploits a unique policy experiment provided by two naloxone giveaways intended to increase naloxone possession among the general public in Pennsylvania to estimate the causal impact of naloxone distribution on fatal overdoses and opioid‐related emergency department (ED) visits. Using a difference‐in‐differences design, I find evidence that opioid overdose deaths fell immediately following the first giveaway but increased following the second giveaway and discuss these apparently contradictory findings in the context of the changing composition of the opioid supply. I also find some evidence of a decline in opioid overdose‐related ED visits following the giveaways. This study is the first to examine the effects of untargeted naloxone distribution and has implications for other novel, naloxone distribution efforts currently underway.
Protocolized awake secondary tracheoesophageal puncture with immediate voicing
Authors: Jabbour Nicolette , Rodriggs Timothy , O'Dea Meredith , Mur Taha , Vitale Kailey , L. Faden Daniel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTracheoesophageal (TE) puncture with voice prosthesis placement is a common method for vocal rehabilitation in patients who have undergone total laryngectomy. Tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis (TEP) placement after laryngectomy, known as secondary TE puncture, is traditionally done in the operating room, using rigid esophagoscopy. Traditional secondary TEP placement carries a number of downsides including risks associated with general anesthesia, high cost, and technical challenges associated with anatomical variables. As a result, in‐office secondary TE puncture has become an increasingly utilized procedure with many advantages but currently lacks standardization. Here, we describe a kit‐based, awake, in‐office secondary TE puncture with primary TEP placement technique. This technique calls for an endoscopic snare in the event there is difficulty passing the guidewire in the cranial trajectory. No surgical technique videos demonstrating in‐office secondary TE puncture currently exist. Here, we present a video tutorial of our technique, breaking down the procedure into 10 steps from analgesia to voicing.
Successful surgery with preservation of laryngeal function in a patient with collision primary squamous cell carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma in the hypopharynx and synchronous esophageal carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Fu Ziming , Xu Xiaolong , Bao Yangyang , Chen Zhe , Zhong Jiangtao , Zhou Shuihong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe definition of “collision tumor” is the coexistence of two histologically and morphologically distinct tumors within the same anatomical area without histological admixture. Collision tumors featuring primary squamous cell and adenoid cystic carcinomas of the hypopharynx, combined with synchronous esophageal carcinoma, are very rare.MethodsWe describe a patient with a collision tumor of the hypopharynx and synchronous esophageal carcinoma who underwent partial laryngectomy, with preservation of laryngeal function, and radical esophageal resection featuring esophageal reconstruction using a gastric tube. Surgery was successful.ResultsPostoperative radiotherapy was recommended after surgery; the patient exhibited no recurrence or distant metastasis to the 17‐month follow‐up.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of collision of primary squamous cell carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma in the hypopharynx and synchronous esophageal carcinoma. We performed appropriate surgery and prescribed postoperative radiotherapy. This preserved laryngeal function.
Predictive value of serum βHCG level in ectopic pregnancy: A cross sectional study
Authors: Ghanaie Mandana Mansour , Hoshyarmanesh Sanaz , Asgari Seyedeh Maryam , Galebin Seyed Mohammad Asgari , Fakor Fereshteh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsEctopic pregnancy (EP) is a potentially life‐threatening emergency. We investigate the predictive value of serum βHCG level and it's changes from the baseline to the 4th and 7th days after single dose (SD) methotrexate (MTX) treatment in successful treatment of tubal EP. It is important for early diagnosis of EP.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 690 women with tubal EP and under treatment with SD MTX were evaluated. Successful and failed groups were analyzed on the baseline, 4th and 7th days of MTX treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS22 software. All p values of less than 0/05 were considered satistically significant.ResultsSD MTX treatment was successful in 584 (84.7%) patients. The mean baseline ßHCG value was 882.35 ± 430.76 in the successful group and 1083.99 ± 1080.25 in the failed group. There was a 19.53% decrease in ßHCG values between the baseline and 4th days in the successful group and a 12.94% increase in the failed group (p < 0.001). On days baseline, 4 and 7; receiver operating characteristic curve analysis's value was 504.5, 429, 279 for cut off; 58%, 73%, 81% for sensitivity and 51%, 52%, 55% for specificity, respectively.ConclusionA decrease in the ßHCG value and/or a cut‐off decrease of 59.9% on the baseline, 4th day and 81.6% between the baseline and 7th days, can predict the successful treatment of tubal EP with SD MTX.
Pre‐insolvency frameworks: Developments in the European Union
Authors: Bork Reinhard 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article deals with the European Union's efforts to harmonise the insolvency laws of its Member States. In particular, it explains the Directive on restructuring and insolvency, its key features and disparities and its transformation in national laws. Further, the European Commission's proposal for a Directive on harmonising certain aspects of insolvency law is introduced.
Association between serum urea concentrations and the risk of colorectal cancer, particularly in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A cohort study
Authors: Gao Peipei , Mei Zhendong , Liu Zhenqiu , Zhu Dongliang , Yuan Huangbo , Zhao Renjia , Xu Kelin , Zhang Tiejun , Jiang Yanfeng , Suo Chen , Chen Xingdong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDysregulation of the urea cycle (UC) has been detected in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the impact of the UC's end product, urea, on CRC development remains unclear. We investigated the association between serum urea and CRC risk based on the data of 348 872 participants cancer‐free at recruitment from the UK Biobank. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to conduct risk estimates. Stratification analyses based on sex, diet pattern, metabolic factors (including body mass index [BMI], the estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] and type 2 diabetes [T2D]) and genetic profiles (the polygenic risk score [PRS] of CRC) were conducted to find potential modifiers. During an average of 9.0 years of follow‐up, we identified 3408 (1.0%) CRC incident cases. Serum urea showed a nonlinear relationship with CRC risk (P‐nonlinear: .035). Lower serum urea levels were associated with a higher CRC risk, with a fully‐adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13‐1.41) in the first quartile (Q1) of urea, compared to the Q4. This association was largely consistent across subgroups of sex, protein diet, BMI, eGFR and CRC‐PRSs (P‐interaction >.05); however, it was stronger in the T2D, with an interaction between urea and T2D on both additive (synergy index: 3.32, [95% CI: 1.24‐8.88]) and multiplicative scales (P‐interaction: .019). Lower serum urea concentrations were associated with an increased risk of CRC, with a more pronounced effect observed in individuals with T2D. Maintaining stable levels of serum urea has important implications for CRC prevention, particularly in individuals with T2D.
Complete response of metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus to nivolumab plus cabozantinib
Authors: Hayashida Michikata , Miura Yuji , Yamaguchi Takeshi , Tanaka Makoto , Yamanaka Taro , Takemura Kohji , Oka Suguru , Sakaguchi Kazushige , Ito Shinji , Urakami Shinji 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionThe effectiveness of nivolumab plus cabozantinib for metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus remains unclear.Case presentationA 77‐year‐old male was diagnosed with right papillary renal cell carcinoma with a metastatic lesion on Gerota's fascia, lymph node metastasis, and inferior vena cava tumor thrombus. He was treated with nivolumab plus cabozantinib. As all lesions regressed enough to permit complete resection, radical nephrectomy, thrombectomy, and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection were performed. No viable malignant cells were identified histopathologically. Despite the discontinuation of nivolumab plus cabozantinib, there has been no recurrence for 9 months.ConclusionNivolumab plus cabozantinib has effectiveness for metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus.
Origins of three‐dimensional charge and two‐dimensional phonon transports in Pnma phase PbSnSe2 thermoelectric crystal
Authors: Wang Tianyu , Duan Xinlei , Zhang Hao , Ma Jinlong , Zhu Hangtian , Qian Xin , Yang Jia‐Yue , Liu Te‐Huan , Yang Ronggui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecently, PbSnSe2 alloy was found to exhibit a large hysteresis effect on transport properties, demonstrating its significant potential for thermoelectric applications. Using ab initio approaches, we studied the carrier transport properties of PbSnSe2 crystal, which is a special case of the alloy with the shortest‐range order. A peak power factor of 134.2 μW cm−1 K−2 was found along the cross‐plane direction in the n‐type PbSnSe2 at a doping concentration of 7 × 1020 cm−3 at 700 K. This high power factor originates from delocalized p electrons between intra‐plane Pb–Se pairs and between cross‐plane Sn–Se pairs that can build up transport channels for conducting electrons, leading to a high electrical conductivity of 5.9 × 105 S m−1. Introducing Pb atoms into Pnma phase SnSe can decrease the phonon group velocities and enhance the phonon–phonon scatterings, leading to a low thermal conductivity of 0.53 W m−1 K−1 at 700 K along the cross‐plane direction. The calculated peak ZT of ~3 along the cross‐plane direction at an n‐type doping concentration of around 5 × 1019 cm−3, which represents a theoretical upper limit for an idealized PbSnSe2 crystal. This work interprets the origins of three‐dimensional charge and two‐dimensional phonon transport behavior in PbSnSe2 and demonstrates that such crystals are promising high‐performance thermoelectric semiconductors.
Enhanced sensing performance of tapered profile in the apodized fiber Bragg grating for detection of cancerous cells utilizing their refractive index
Authors: Maiti Souryadipta , Prakash Suraj , Singh Vivek 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTapered profiles are introduced in Bessel and Blackman apodized fiber Bragg grating, and their sensing performance is theoretically estimated. Reflectivity equation of proposed apodized tapered profiles is obtained using transfer matrix method and coupled mode theory. Since the effective refractive index (RI) of proposed waveguides varies with core radius therefore amplitude distribution and penetration depth of light in surroundings are modified. It is found that the exponential tapered profile with Bessel apodization shows a higher sensitivity of 682.5 nm/RIU, detection accuracy of 3858.45, and quality parameter 1718.02/RIU with minimum full width at half maxima (FWHM) 0.3972 nm of the reflection spectra. The spectral response of the tapered fiber Bragg grating is also analyzed through a group delay study. Again, exponential profile was found to be particularly effective, producing less group delay ripples 2.98 ps and is maximum slope of 42.43°. Hence, exponential tapered profile is demonstrated for detection of cancer cells lies between the refractive index of 1.3333–1.4412.
Assessment of the bidirectional causal association between frailty and depression: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhu Jiahao , Zhou Dan , Nie Yaoyao , Wang Jing , Yang Ye , Chen Dingwan , Yu Min , Li Yingjun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundObservational studies have demonstrated a strong bidirectional association between frailty and depression, but it remains unclear whether this association reflects causality. This study aimed to examine the bidirectional causal relationship between frailty and depression.MethodsUsing genome‐wide association study summary data, two‐sample Mendelian randomization was performed to test for the potential bidirectional causality between frailty, as defined by both the frailty index and the frailty phenotype, and depression. Several frailty‐related traits were additionally investigated, including weaker hand grip strength, slower walking pace and physical inactivity. Findings were replicated using an independent depression data source and verified using multiple sensitivity analyses.ResultsGenetically predicted higher frailty index (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; P < 0.001), higher frailty phenotype score (OR, 2.79; P < 0.001), lower grip strength (OR, 1.23; P = 0.003), slower walking pace (OR, 1.55; P = 0.027) and physical inactivity (OR, 1.44; P = 0.003) all were associated with a higher risk of depression. As for the reverse direction, genetic liability to depression showed consistent associations with a higher frailty index (beta, 0.167; P < 0.001) and a higher frailty phenotype score (beta, 0.067; P = 0.001), but not with other frailty‐related traits that were investigated. The results were stable across sensitivity analyses and across depression datasets.ConclusionsOur findings add novel evidence supporting the bidirectional causal association between frailty and depression. Improving balance and muscle strength and increasing physical activity may be beneficial in both depression and frailty.
Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for the treatment of immunocompromised adult patients with early‐stage symptomatic COVID‐19: A real‐life experience
Authors: Caso José María , Fernández‐Ruiz Mario , López‐Medrano Francisco , Caro‐Teller José Manuel , Lizasoain Manuel , San‐Juan Rafael , Fayos Pérez Marina , Rodríguez‐Goncer Isabel , Silva Jose Tiago , Aguado José María 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRegardless of vaccination status, progression to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is still a relevant cause of morbidity among immunocompromised patients. Despite the proven efficacy of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NMV/r), concerns remain regarding the potential for drug‐to‐drug interactions (DDIs) and the safety in this at‐risk population. We aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of immunocompromised patients treated with NMV/r, as well as the occurrence of DDIs and treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs). This retrospective observational study included all the patients with some form of immunosuppression and laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 that received NMV/r at our center from April to August 2022. The main outcome was worsening of the clinical status (increase of ≥1 point from baseline in a validated clinical progression scale) by Days +7 and +28 after the initiation of therapy. Safety outcomes included the rates of any TEAE and potentially severe DDIs. We included 110 patients. Main causes of immunosuppression were hematological malignancy (58.2%) (mainly multiple myeloma [22.7%] and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma [13.6%]), active chemotherapy (30.0%) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (14.5%). Clinical worsening by Days +7 and +28 was observed in four (3.6%) and five patients (4.5%), respectively. Only one patient had a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 polymerase chain reaction test at Day +28. At least one potentially severe DDI was observed in 56.4% of the patients. The rate of attributable TEAEs was 10.9%, although only two patients (1.8%) required premature discontinuation of NMV/r. Early initiation of NMV/r therapy should be considered in immunocompromised patients with COVID‐19, with particular attention to interacting medications.
Evolutionary analysis and quality assessment of ζ‐carbonic anhydrase sequences from environmental microbiome
Authors: Shalileh Farzaneh , Gheibzadeh Mohammad S. , Lloyd James R. , Fietz Susanne , Shahbani Zahiri Hossein , Zolfaghari Emameh Reza 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCarbonic anhydrase (CA) is one of the most vital enzymes in living cells. This study has been performed due to the significance of this metalloenzyme for life and the novelty of some CA families like ζ‐CA to evaluate evolutionary processes and quality check their sequences. In this study, bioinformatics methods revealed the presence of ζ‐CA in some eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms. Notably, it has not been previously reported in prokaryotes. The coexistence of β‐ and ζ‐CAs in some microorganisms is also a novel finding as well. Also, our analysis identified several CA proteins with 6–14 amino acid intervals between histidine and cysteine in the second highly conserved motif, which can be classified as the novel ζ‐CA subfamily members that emerged under the Zn deficiency of aquatic ecosystems and selection pressure in these environments. There is also a possibility that the achieved results are rooted in the contamination of samples from the environmental microbiome genome with genomes of diatom species and the occurrence of errors was observed in the DNA sequencing outcomes. Combining of all results from evolutionary analysis to quality control of ζ‐CA DNA sequences is the incentive motivation to explore more the hidden aspects of ζ‐CAs.
Interpolating climate variables by using INLA and the SPDE approach
Authors: Fioravanti Guido , Martino Sara , Cameletti Michela , Toreti Andrea 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGridded observational products of the main climate parameters are essential in climate science. Current interpolation approaches, implemented to derive such products, often lack of a proper uncertainty propagation and representation. In this study, we introduce a Bayesian spatiotemporal approach based on the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) and the stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE). The method is described and discussed by using a real case study based on high‐resolution monthly 2‐m maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) air temperature over Italy in 1961–2020. The INLA‐SPDE based approach is able to properly take into account uncertainties in the final gridded products and offers interesting promising advantages to deal with nonstationary and non‐Gaussian multisource data.
Bioactive polysaccharides in different plant parts of Aconitum carmichaelii
Authors: Fu Yu‐Ping , Li Cen‐Yu , Zou Yuan‐Feng , Peng Xi , Paulsen Berit Smestad , Wangensteen Helle , Inngjerdingen Kari Tvete 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDAconitum carmichaelii is an industrially cultivated medicinal plant in China and its lateral and mother roots are used in traditional Chinese medicine due to the presence of alkaloids. However, the rootlets and aerial parts are discarded after collection of the roots, and the non‐toxic polysaccharides in this plant have attracted less attention than the alkaloids and poisonous features. In this study, five neutral and 14 acidic polysaccharide fractions were isolated systematically from different plant parts of A. carmichaelii, and their structural features and bioactivity were studied and compared.RESULTSThe neutral fraction isolated from the rootlets differed from those isolated from the lateral and mother roots. It consisted of less starch and more possible mannans, galactans, and/or xyloglucans, being similar to those of the aerial parts. Pectic polysaccharides containing homogalacturonan and branched type‐I rhamnogalacturonan (RG‐I) were present in all plant parts of A. carmichaelii. However, more arabinogalactan (AG)‐II side chains in the RG‐I backbone were present in the aerial parts of the plants, while more amounts of arabinans were found in the roots. Various immunomodulatory effects were observed, determined by complement fixation activity and anti‐inflammatory effects on the intestinal epithelial cells of all polysaccharide fractions.CONCLUSIONThis study highlighted the diversity of polysaccharides present in A. carmichaelii, especially in the unutilized plant parts, and showed their potential medicinal value. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.