bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computing Homotopy Classes for Diagrams
Authors: Filakovský Marek , Vokřínek Lukáš 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe present an algorithm that, given finite diagrams of simplicial sets X, A, Y, i.e., functors $${\mathcal {I}}^\textrm{op}\rightarrow {\textsf {s}} {\textsf {Set}}$$

I

op

→
s
Set

, such that (X, A) is a cellular pair, $$\dim X\le 2\cdot {\text {conn}}Y$$

dim
X
≤
2
·
conn
Y

, $${\text {conn}}Y\ge 1$$

conn
Y
≥
1

, computes the set $$[X,Y]^A$$

[
X
,
Y
]

A

of homotopy classes of maps of diagrams $$\ell :X\rightarrow Y$$

ℓ
:
X
→
Y

extending a given $$f:A\rightarrow Y$$

f
:
A
→
Y

. For fixed $$n=\dim X$$

n
=
dim
X

, the running time of the algorithm is polynomial. When the stability condition is dropped, the problem is known to be undecidable. Using Elmendorf’s theorem, we deduce an algorithm that, given finite simplicial sets X, A, Y with an action of a finite group G, computes the set $$[X,Y]^A_G$$

[
X
,
Y
]

G
A

of homotopy classes of equivariant maps $$\ell :X\rightarrow Y$$

ℓ
:
X
→
Y

extending a given equivariant map $$f:A\rightarrow Y$$

f
:
A
→
Y

under the stability assumption $$\dim X^H\le 2\cdot {\text {conn}}Y^H$$

dim

X
H

≤
2
·
conn

Y
H

and $${\text {conn}}Y^H\ge 1$$

conn

Y
H

≥
1

, for all subgroups $$H\le G$$

H
≤
G

. Again, for fixed $$n=\dim X$$

n
=
dim
X

, the algorithm runs in polynomial time. We further apply our results to Tverberg-type problem in computational topology: Given a k-dimensional simplicial complex K, is there a map $$K\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}^d$$

K
→

R

d

without r-tuple intersection points? In the metastable range of dimensions, $$rd\ge (r+1) k+3$$

r
d
≥
(
r
+
1
)
k
+
3

, the problem is shown algorithmically decidable in polynomial time when k, d, and r are fixed.
Almost-Monochromatic Sets and the Chromatic Number of the Plane
Authors: Frankl Nóra , Hubai Tamás , Pálvölgyi Dömötör 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn a colouring of $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$

R

d

a pair $$(S,s_0)$$

(
S
,

s
0

)

with $$S\subseteq {\mathbb {R}}^d$$

S
⊆

R

d

and with $$s_0\in S$$

s
0

∈
S

is almost-monochromatic if $$S\setminus \{s_0\}$$

S
\
{

s
0

}

is monochromatic but S is not. We consider questions about finding almost-monochromatic similar copies of pairs $$(S,s_0)$$

(
S
,

s
0

)

in colourings of $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$

R

d

, $${\mathbb {Z}}^d$$

Z

d

, and of $${\mathbb {Q}}$$
Q
under some restrictions on the colouring. Among other results, we characterise those $$(S,s_0)$$

(
S
,

s
0

)

with $$S\subseteq {\mathbb {Z}}$$

S
⊆
Z

for which every finite colouring of $${\mathbb {R}}$$
R
without an infinite monochromatic arithmetic progression contains an almost-monochromatic similar copy of $$(S,s_0)$$

(
S
,

s
0

)

. We also show that if $$S\subseteq {\mathbb {Z}}^d$$

S
⊆

Z

d

and $$s_0$$

s
0

is outside of the convex hull of $$S\setminus \{s_0\}$$

S
\
{

s
0

}

, then every finite colouring of $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$

R

d

without a monochromatic similar copy of $${\mathbb {Z}}^d$$

Z

d

contains an almost-monochromatic similar copy of $$(S,s_0)$$

(
S
,

s
0

)

. Further, we propose an approach based on finding almost-monochromatic sets that might lead to a human-verifiable proof of $$\chi ({{\mathbb {R}}}^2)\ge 5$$

χ
(

R

2

)
≥
5

.
Deep reinforcement learning of passenger behavior in multimodal journey planning with proportional fairness
Authors: Chu Kai-Fung , Guo Weisi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMultimodal transportation systems require an effective journey planner to allocate multiple passengers to transport operators. One example is mobility-as-a-service, a new mobility service that integrates various transport modes through a single platform. In such a multimodal and diverse journey planning problem, accommodating heterogeneous passengers with different and dynamic preferences can be challenging. Furthermore, passengers may behave based on experiences and expectations, in the sense that the transport experience affects their state and decision of the next transport service. Current methods of treating each journey planning optimization as a non-time varying single experience problem cannot adequately model passenger experience and memories over many journeys over time. In this paper, we model passenger experience as a Markov model where prior experiences have a transient effect on future long-term satisfaction and retention rate. As such, we formulate a multi-objective journey planning problem that considers individual passenger preferences, experiences, and memories. The proposed approach dynamically determines utility weights to obtain an optimal journey plan for individual passengers based on their status. To balance the profit received by each transport operator, we present a variant-based proportional fairness. Our experiments using real-world and synthetic datasets show that our approach enhances passenger satisfaction, compared to baseline methods. We demonstrate that the overall profit is increased by 2.3 times, resulting in a higher retention rate caused by higher satisfaction levels. Our proposed approach can facilitate the participation of transport operators and promote passenger acceptance of MaaS.
Examining the causal factors of the electric vehicle adoption: a pathway to tackle climate change in resource-constrained environment
Authors: Sonar Harshad , Belal H M , Foropon Cyril , Manatkar Ramkrishna , Sonwaney Vandana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractElectric vehicles (EVs) serve an important role in lowering greenhouse gas emissions, which helps to mitigate global warming while also contributing to long-term growth. Thus, this research explores various criterions relevant to electric vehicle (EVs) adoption and causal relationships using the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method. From the comprehensive literature review, a set of criteria for EVs adoption were identified and are finalised through the Delphi method. The data was gathered from eleven experts and was analyzed using the DEMATEL method to develop the causal relationship between each criterion. The sensitivity analysis was performed to check the robustness of the model. The findings revealed that the key criteria for EV adoption include their causal relationships. It is observed that charging time, driving range and price are the most important criteria for an EV purchase. Battery capacities have a major and influential impact on other criteria like charging time, torque, driving range, and maximum power. Professionals and managers in the EV manufacturing industry can benefit from this prioritization of criteria by understanding the causal relationships between them. This study can also serve as guidance for EV engineers when it comes to implementing client preferences into vehicle design. It can also assist low-performing electric vehicles in determining their benchmarks. This work contributes to building an improved understanding of causal factors of electric vehicle adoption in resource-constrained environments for policy making.
Thermoresponsive hydrogels with sulfated polysaccharide-derived copolymers: the effect of carbohydrate backbones on the responsive and mechanical properties
Authors: Zeng Kui , Xu Dan , Gong Shuaiyu , Lu Yi-Tung , Vana Philipp , Groth Thomas , Zhang Kai 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Thermoresponsive hydrogels based on ionic cellulose/chitosan are widely used various fields, such as smart windows and tissue engineering, while the effect of carbohydrate backbones of cellulose/chitosan on the thermal response and mechanical properties of hydrogels has received less attention so far. Herein, poly(2(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA)-grafted cellulose sulfate (P-CS) and PDMAEMA-grafted chitosan sulfate (P-CHS) as research models are successfully synthesized through multi-step reactions. The P-CS and P-CHS polymers are further applied in crosslinked polyacrylamide networks, resulting in the P-CS and P-CHS hydrogels. Compared to P-CS hydrogels, P-CHS hydrogels could obviously block the transmission of visible light when the temperature is changed from 25 to 42 °C. In contrast to P-CHS hydrogels, the P-CS hydrogels change easily from soft and weak state to stiff and strong state according to their mechanical behaviors. These results indicate that different carbohydrate backbones of cellulose and chitosan should have caused distinct aggregation behaviors of corresponding P-CS and P-CHS hydrogels, which are accompanied by different light transmittance and mechanical properties.

Graphical abstract
Thermoresponsive hydrogels using PDMAEMA-grafted ionic cellulose sulfate (P-CS) and chitosan sulfate (P-CHS) are successfully prepared. Distinct carbohydrate backbone displayed different effects on the thermoresponsive and mechanical properties of hydrogels.
Teachers’ beliefs about technology integration in Ghana: a qualitative study of teachers’, headteachers’ and education officials’ perceptions
Authors: Abedi Emmanuel Ayisi , Prestridge Sarah , Hodge Steven 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWith increasing policy interest in improving educational outcomes, technology integration has become a requirement in Ghana’s education system, albeit with minimal impact on student learning. Several studies focus on identifying barriers to effective integration but pay scant consideration to the deeper reasons why teachers use technology. This qualitative study aimed to explore the underlying beliefs that shape teachers’ decision-making and thinking regarding technology integration. The study used open-ended questions and interviews with five education officials, twenty teachers, and five headteachers, and an ‘ICT Pedagogical Beliefs Classification Framework’ as a lens for interpreting and categorising teacher beliefs. Thematic analysis of findings revealed four main beliefs: productivity tools for teaching and lesson preparation; developing students’ ICT skills; meeting curriculum expectations, and engaging students in authentic teaching. Evidently, teachers are enthusiastic about using technology, but their beliefs indicate that they view technology primarily as a tool for productivity to supplement existing teaching practices, which they value. Findings indicate that most teachers espouse teacher-centred ICT beliefs, implying the need for transformative professional development that enables change in teachers’ beliefs to embrace the view of technology as a pedagogical tool that can facilitate constructive pedagogy and deep student learning.
Investigating the Dynamics of Outlaw Motorcycle Gang Co-Offending Networks: The Utility of Relational Hyper Event Models
Authors: Bright David , Sadewo Giovanni Radhitio Putra , Lerner Jürgen , Cubitt Timothy , Dowling Christopher , Morgan Anthony 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Approaches to the study of Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs OMCGs tend to focus on offending at the individual level, with limited focus on the nature and extent of co-offending among these affiliates. We aim to examine co-offending by using relational hyper event models (RHEM) to determine what additional insights can be discerned on co-offending above and beyond more traditional network approaches.

Methods
Using de-identified police recorded incident data for affiliates of OMCGs in New South Wales, Australia, including their rank and club affiliation, we examined the positioning of OMCG affiliates in co-offending network structures. The data comprised 2,364 nodes and 12,564 arrest events. We argue that Relational Hyperevent Models (RHEM) are the optimal analytical strategy for co-offending data as it overcomes some of the limitations of traditional co-offending analyses.

Results
We conducted RHEM modelling and found that co-offending networks were stable over time, whereby actors tended to repeatedly co-offend with the same partners. Lower ranked members were more likely to engage in co-offending compared with office bearers.

Conclusions
Results provide some support for the scenario in which OMCGs operate as criminal organisations, but also the protection and distance from offending that is afforded to office bearers. We review implications of the results for law enforcement policy and practice and for the scholarship of OMCGs.
A Match Made in Maastricht: Estimating The Treatment Effect of the Euro On Trade
Authors: Kopecky Joseph 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWhy do estimates of the European Monetary Union (EMU) effect on trade vary so greatly? Rose (2017) shows that the largest factor determining the size of EMU trade estimates is the choice of sample, with studies using only European or rich countries finding smaller impacts than those using more complete trade datasets. I push this question one step further, asking instead: what is the appropriate comparison group with which to study the euro’s trade impact? Using a first stage estimation of selection into the EMU and a robust propensity score weighting estimator, I extend the work of Millimet and Tchernis (2009) to a larger dataset of countries and years, showing that gravity estimates of the euro effect on trade are smaller when sample truncation and weighting brings the differences in observable characteristics between EMU and non-EMU pairs close to zero. Utilizing a Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood approach, I find that estimates using this more robust estimator reflect the same pattern, but with significantly less initial upward bias. My work suggests that policy analysis in trade should be more careful to consider the comparability of “treated” and “control” observations, and more readily utilize propensity score methods as a data driven approach to rebalancing samples when differences across these groups are large.
Slice weighted average regression
Authors: Masioti Marina , Davies Joshua , Shaker Amanda , Prendergast Luke A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIt has previously been shown that ordinary least squares can be used to estimate the coefficients of the single-index model under only mild conditions. However, the estimator is non-robust leading to poor estimates for some models. In this paper we propose a new sliced least-squares estimator that utilizes ideas from Sliced Inverse Regression. Slices with problematic observations that contribute to high variability in the estimator can easily be down-weighted to robustify the procedure. The estimator is simple to implement and can result in vast improvements for some models when compared to the usual least-squares approach. While the estimator was initially conceived with the single-index model in mind, we also show that multiple directions can be obtained, therefore providing another notable advantage of using slicing with least squares. Several simulation studies and a real data example are included, as well as some comparisons with some other recent methods.
Promise not fulfilled: FinTech, data privacy, and the GDPR
Authors: Dorfleitner Gregor , Hornuf Lars , Kreppmeier Julia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article analyzes how the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has affected the privacy practices of FinTech firms. We study the content of 276 privacy statements respectively before and after the GDPR became binding. Using text analysis methods, we find that the readability of the privacy statements has decreased. The texts of privacy statements have become longer and use more standardized language, resulting in worse user comprehension. This calls into question whether the GDPR has achieved its original goal—the protection of natural persons regarding the transparent processing of personal data. We also link the content of the privacy statements to FinTech-specific determinants. Before the GDPR became binding, more external investors and a higher legal capital were related to a higher quantity of data processed and more transparency, but not thereafter. Finally, we document mimicking behavior among FinTech industry peers with regard to the data processed and transparency.
Scientific evidence of foods that improve the lifespan and healthspan of different organisms
Authors: Park So-Hyun , Lee Da-Hye , Lee Dae-Hee , Jung Chang Hwa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAge is a risk factor for numerous diseases. Although the development of modern medicine has greatly extended the human lifespan, the duration of relatively healthy old age, or ‘healthspan’, has not increased. Targeting the detrimental processes that can occur before the onset of age-related diseases can greatly improve health and lifespan. Healthspan is significantly affected by what, when and how much one eats. Dietary restriction, including calorie restriction, fasting or fasting-mimicking diets, to extend both lifespan and healthspan has recently attracted much attention. However, direct scientific evidence that consuming specific foods extends the lifespan and healthspan seems lacking. Here, we synthesized the results of recent studies on the lifespan and healthspan extension properties of foods and their phytochemicals in various organisms to confirm how far the scientific research on the effect of food on the lifespan has reached.
The Glacier‐Climate Interaction Over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Surroundings During the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Wei Qiang , Liu Yonggang , Yan Qing , Yao Tandong , Wang Miao , Huang Han , Hu Yongyun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGlacier growth affects the local climate, and in turn, can either promote or prohibit its own growth. Such feedback has not been considered in modeling the glaciers of the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings (TPS) during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ∼28–23 ka). We find that the volume/area of the glaciers simulated by a coupled glacier‐climate model is 20%/10% less than that by a standalone glacier model forced with fixed climate fields; glaciers advance toward their western rims and yet decrease in the interior of TPS. Such changes in spatial patterns improve model‐data comparison. Moreover, the expansion of glaciers warms the winter surface temperature of the eastern TPS and decreases precipitation almost everywhere. These effects are primarily due to the added surface elevation, which blocks the water vapor brought by westerlies and south‐westerlies, reducing precipitation and increasing surface temperatures to the east and northeast of the newly grown glaciers.
Fast Plasma Drifts in the High Latitude Ionosphere
Authors: Laakso Harri , Pfaff Robert 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe have identified over 200 fast plasma drift events (>5 km/s) in the high‐latitude ionosphere, as measured by the electric field double probe on the Dynamics Explorer‐2 satellite during its 18 months lifetime from August 1981 to February 1983. Although these drifts can appear at all local time sectors, they are most common on the dawnside and in the pre‐midnight sector. The fast plasma drifts generally occur between 64° and 82° inv.lat. although they sometimes appear below 55° inv.lat. in the pre‐midnight sector, in which case they appear associated with a phenomenon often referred to as sub‐auroral ion drifts. For increasing Auroral Electrojet index, their occurrence rate increases and their latitudinal locations move equatorward. The observed events last between 0.1 and 60 s, corresponding to (north‐south) widths of 1–500 km along the satellite trajectory. The observations show a seasonal dependence such that the faster drifts tend to occur over the dark (winter) hemisphere.
Persistent thinness and anorexia nervosa differ on a genomic level
Authors: Hübel Christopher , Abdulkadir Mohamed , Herle Moritz , Palmos Alish B. , Loos Ruth J. F. , Breen Gerome , Micali Nadia , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThinness and anorexia nervosa are both characterised by persistent low weight. Individuals with anorexia nervosa concurrently report distorted perceptions of their body and engage in weight-loss behaviours, whereas individuals with thinness often wish to gain weight. Both conditions are heritable and share genomics with BMI, but are not genetically correlated with each other. Based on their pattern of genetic associations with other traits, we explored differences between thinness and anorexia nervosa on a genomic level. In Part 1, using publicly available data, we compared genetic correlations of persistent thinness/anorexia nervosa with eleven psychiatric disorders. In Part 2, we identified individuals with adolescent persistent thinness in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) by latent class growth analysis of measured BMI from 10 to 24 years (n = 6594) and evaluated associations with psychiatric and anthropometric polygenic scores. In Part 1, in contrast to the positive genetic correlations of anorexia nervosa with various psychiatric disorders, persistent thinness showed negative genetic correlations with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (rgAN = 0.08 vs. rgPT = −0.30), alcohol dependence (rgAN = 0.07 vs. rgPT = −0.44), major depressive disorder (rgAN = 0.27 vs. rgPT = −0.18) and post-traumatic stress disorder (rgAN = 0.26 vs. rgPT = −0.20). In Part 2, individuals with adolescent persistent thinness in the ALSPAC had lower borderline personality disorder polygenic scores (OR = 0.77; Q = 0.01). Overall, results suggest that genetic variants associated with thinness are negatively associated with psychiatric disorders and therefore thinness may be differentiable from anorexia nervosa on a genomic level.
An adaptive behavioral control motif mediated by cortical axo-axonic inhibition
Authors: Jung Kanghoon , Chang Minhyeok , Steinecke André , Burke Benjamin , Choi Youngjin , Oisi Yasuhiro , Fitzpatrick David , Taniguchi Hiroki , Kwon Hyung-Bae 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGenetically defined subgroups of inhibitory interneurons are thought to play distinct roles in learning, but heterogeneity within these subgroups has limited our understanding of the scope and nature of their specific contributions. Here we reveal that the chandelier cell (ChC), an interneuron type that specializes in inhibiting the axon-initial segment (AIS) of pyramidal neurons, establishes cortical microcircuits for organizing neural coding through selective axo-axonic synaptic plasticity. We found that organized motor control is mediated by enhanced population coding of direction-tuned premotor neurons, with tuning refined through suppression of irrelevant neuronal activity. ChCs contribute to learning-dependent refinements by providing selective inhibitory control over individual pyramidal neurons rather than global suppression. Quantitative analysis of structural plasticity across axo-axonic synapses revealed that ChCs redistributed inhibitory weights to individual pyramidal neurons during learning. These results demonstrate an adaptive logic of the inhibitory circuit motif responsible for organizing distributed neural representations. Thus, ChCs permit efficient cortical computation in a targeted cell-specific manner.