bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-CRISPR AcrIIC5 is a dsDNA mimic that inhibits type II-C Cas9 effectors by blocking PAM recognition
Authors: Sun Wei , Zhao Xiaolong , Wang Jinlong , Yang Xiaoqi , Cheng Zhi , Liu Shuo , Wang Jiuyu , Sheng Gang , Wang Yanli 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAnti-CRISPR proteins are encoded by phages to inhibit the CRISPR-Cas systems of the hosts. AcrIIC5 inhibits several naturally high-fidelity type II-C Cas9 enzymes, including orthologs fromNeisseria meningitidis(Nme1Cas9) andSimonsiella muelleri(SmuCas9). Here, we solve the structure of AcrIIC5 in complex with Nme1Cas9 and sgRNA. We show that AcrIIC5 adopts a novel fold to mimic the size and charge distribution of double-stranded DNA, and uses its negatively charged grooves to bind and occlude the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) binding site in the target DNA cleft of Cas9. AcrIIC5 is positioned into the crevice between the WED and PI domains of Cas9, and one end of the anti-CRISPR interacts with the phosphate lock loop and a linker between the RuvC and BH structural domains. We employ biochemical and mutational analyses to build a model for AcrIIC5’s mechanism of action, and identify residues on both the anti-CRISPR and Cas9 that are important for their interaction and inhibition. Together, the structure and mechanism of AcrIIC5 reveal convergent evolution among disparate anti-CRISPR proteins that use a DNA-mimic strategy to inhibit diverse CRISPR-Cas surveillance complexes, and provide new insights into a tool for potent inhibition of type II-C Cas9 orthologs.
An insular cortex to lateral amygdala pathway in fear learning
Authors: Palchaudhuri Shriya , Osypenko Denys , Kochubey Olexiy , Schneggenburger Ralf 
Published: January 2023

SummaryDuring fear learning, associations between an aversive stimulus (the US), and a sensory cue (CS) are formed at specific brain synapses. Nevertheless, how US information is transmitted to brain areas involved in value processing, like the amygdala, is still elusive. Using optogenetics,in-vivoCa2+imaging, and circuit tracing, we investigate the role of the posterior insular cortex (pInsCx) and relevant output pathways of this cortical area in fear learning. Optogenetic suppression of US-signaling in pInsCx principal neurons compromises auditory-cued fear learning. The pInsCx makes a robust glutamatergic synapse in the lateral amygdala (LA), which undergoes long-term potentiation after fear learning, and transmits US-information to a sub-population of LA neurons. Suppressing US-signaling in LA-projectors recapitulates the fear learning deficits observed after silencing pInsCx principal neurons. Thus, the pInsCx, via a plastic output synapse, transmits US-information to the LA and critically contributes to the formation of auditory-cued fear memories.
p53 controls choice between apoptotic and non-apoptotic death following DNA damage
Authors: Honeywell Megan E. , Isidor Marie S. , Harper Nicholas W. , Fontana Rachel E. , Gordillo Peter Cruz- , Porto Sydney A. , Fraser Cameron S. , Sarosiek Kristopher A. , Guertin David A. , Spinelli Jessica B. , Lee Michael J. 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYDNA damage can activate apoptotic and non-apoptotic forms of cell death; however, it remains unclear what features dictate which type of cell death is activated. We report that p53 controls the choice between apoptotic and non-apoptotic death following exposure to DNA damage. In contrast to the conventional model, which suggests that p53-deficient cells should be resistant to DNA damage-induced cell death, we find that p53-deficient cells die at high rates following DNA damage, but exclusively using non-apoptotic mechanisms. Our experimental data and computational modeling reveal that non-apoptotic death in p53-deficient cells has not been observed due to use of assays that are either insensitive to cell death, or that specifically score apoptotic cells. Using functional genetic screening – with an analysis that enables computational inference of the drug-induced death rate – we find in p53-deficient cells that DNA damage activates a mitochondrial respiration-dependent form of cell death, called MPT-driven necrosis. Cells deficient for p53 have high basal respiration, which primes MPT-driven necrosis. Finally, using metabolite profiling, we identified mitochondrial activity-dependent metabolic vulnerabilities that can be targeted to potentiate the lethality of DNA damage specifically in p53-deficient cells. Our findings reveal how the dual functions of p53 in regulating mitochondrial activity and the DNA damage response combine to facilitate the choice between apoptotic and non-apoptotic death.
Migrating neurons adapt motility modes to brain microenvironments via a mechanosensor, PIEZO1
Authors: Nakazawa Naotaka , Grenci Gianluca , Kameo Yoshitaka , Takeda Noriko , Sawada Tsuyoshi , Kurisu Junko , Zhang Zhejing , Adachi Taiji , Nonomura Keiko , Kengaku Mineko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMigration of newborn neurons is essential for brain morphogenesis and circuit formation, yet controversy exists regarding how neurons generate the driving force against strong mechanical stresses in crowded neural tissues. We found that cerebellar granule neurons adopt differential motility modes in distinct extracellular environments. In 3-dimensional (3D) confinement, actomyosin produces contractile forces at the posterior cell membrane, in addition to the traction force in the leading process that is exclusively observed in 2D cultures. The 3D migration is initiated by activation of a mechanosensitive channel PIEZO1. PIEZO1-induced calcium influx in the soma triggers the PKC-ezrin cascade, which recruits actomyosin to the posterior plasma membrane. Thus, migrating neurons use a mechano-sensing mechanism to activate multiple driving forces to maneuver in irregular brain tissue.One-Sentence SummaryCerebellar granule neurons use a mechanosensor PIEZO1 to switch migratory modes in confined spaces.
A deep generative model of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein predicts future variants
Authors: Dhodapkar Rahul M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated a robust ability to adapt in response to environmental pressures—increasing viral transmission and evading immune surveillance by mutating its molecular machinery. While viral sequencing has allowed for the early detection of emerging variants, methods to predict mutations before they occur remain limited. This work presents SpikeGPT2, a deep generative model based on ProtGPT2 and fine-tuned on SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein sequences deposited in the NIH Data Hub before May 2021. SpikeGPT2 achieved 88.8% next-residue prediction accuracy and successfully predicted amino acid substitutions found only in a held-out set of spike sequences deposited on or after May 2021, to which SpikeGPT2 was never exposed. When compared to several other methods, SpikeGPT2 achieved the best performance in predicting such future mutations. SpikeGPT2 also predicted several novel variants not present in the NIH SARS-CoV-2 Data Hub. A binding affinity analysis of all 54 generated substitutions identified 5 (N439A, N440G, K458T, L492I, and N501Y) as predicted to simultaneously increase S/ACE2 affinity, and decrease S/tixagevimab+cilgavimab affinity. Of these, N501Y has already been well-described to increase transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2. These findings indicate that SpikeGPT2 and other similar models may be employed to identify high-risk future variants before viral spread has occurred.
Caregivers experiences of caring for people with intellectual disability and dementia: a qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Acton Daniel James , Jaydeokar Sujeet , Jones Steven 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
A systematic review of the literature was completed to examine the needs of those who provide care to people with intellectual disability and dementia. The purpose of this paper was to develop an understanding of the complexities, challenges and support available to meet the needs of an ageing population.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative evidence synthesis was used to appraise 12 studies. An evidence synthesis approach was used to better understand the challenges caregivers experience in caring for a person with intellectual disability and dementia. Aggregating and integrating findings from multiple studies allowed to identify inconsistencies, quality, relationships and trends to enhance the awareness of gaps in care provision.

Findings
There were six main domains identified from the available literature which included: gaps in knowledge and skills, early identification of dementia and associated difficulties, managing behaviour, coping, burden of care and Impact on confidence.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to use qualitative evidence synthesis to understand the challenges of caring for a person with intellectual disability and dementia.
As easy as OEE: enabling productivity improvement in schools by using overall equipment effectiveness as framework for classroom data analysis
Authors: Doyer Ilse , Bean Wilna L. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this paper was to develop a quantitative classroom observation method that is able to analyse the school day to identify Time-on-Task losses comprehensively and systematically, at a level of detail that can be used by teachers and principals to stimulate and focus practical improvement efforts.

Design/methodology/approach
The novel Time-on-Task Analysis (TOTA) model was developed by triangulating the conceptual framework of the Overall Equipment Effectiveness metric with the semantics and structure of the target domain. Once developed, the model was tested structurally against a time-series classroom observation data set, after which the resulting TOTA was presented to a sample of 52 education stakeholders, who then gave their perspectives of the analysis in a structured survey.

Findings
The ontological model was found to be accurate, complete and without conceptual incongruencies, and its output novel and useful by the sample of education stakeholders. Of the participants, 90.3% found the analysis to provide a new perspective, 94.2% reported that the analysis triggered improvement ideas and 80.8% thought that their school(s) could benefit from a TOTA study.

Originality/value
The TOTA model introduces a time-loss-focused perspective to the field of quantitative classroom observation studies, which is dominated by more sociologic- and pedagogic-focused topics. Its grounding in Overall Equipment Effectiveness also gives it a more detailed and systematic approach than the few Time-on-Task studies done to date, resulting in a model made for the “Gemba”: the school classroom.
Women entrepreneurs in the craft industry: a case study of the batik industry during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Anggadwita Grisna , Indarti Nurul , Ratten Vanessa 
Published: January 2023

PurposeBatik is a craft in the creative industry, which is the identity of the Indonesian nation. One of the main batik tourism areas in Indonesia is Trusmi, and women entrepreneurs have a strategic role in developing the batik craft industry in the region. The batik industry faced various challenges during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, this study aims to explore the impact and identify strategic options during the COVID-19 period on batik businesses owned by women entrepreneurs in the Trusmi area.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a qualitative case study method by interviewing ten batik women entrepreneurs in the Trusmi area.FindingsThis study elaborates findings about the impact of COVID-19, the technology role, collaboration, the government role and strategic options.Originality/valueThis study provides academic and practical implications, which are discussed further about the role of the craft industry in dealing with economic and social turmoil.
The impact of remote working on employee productivity during COVID-19 in the UAE: the moderating role of job level
Authors: Kurdy Dania M. , Al-Malkawi Husam-Aldin Nizar , Rizwan Shahid 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the various factors that influence the productivity (PR) of employees who worked remotely in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a quantitative approach to analyze data collected online from 110 respondents using the snowball sampling technique during the pandemic. The analysis of the data is conducted using the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique of Smart PLS (Partial least squares) to evaluate the direct and moderating variables.FindingsThe results indicate that direct variables such as workload, job satisfaction, work–life balance and social support have a significant positive impact on employee PR in the UAE. However, the analysis of the moderating variable indicates that job level is not a significant moderator of the above relationships. The findings, generally, provide support for social exchange theory.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study will help businesses of various domains in a variety of industries in understanding the core factors that should be considered to enhance the overall PR of their employees while working from home. Businesses can achieve their organizational goals by ensuring steady growth even during uncertain times.Originality/valueThis paper answers the question of whether remote working affects employee PR during the pandemic in an emerging market, namely the UAE. The current study contributes to the existing literature by combining the variables investigated in previous studies into a single study and by considering job level as a moderator variable.
Ghana’s green building assessment journey: an appraisal of the thermal performance of an office building in Accra
Authors: Koranteng Christian , Simons Barbara , Abrokwa Gyimah Kwabena , Nkrumah Jimmy 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
Accra, the capital city of Ghana, is seeing high-rise buildings springing up with extensive glazing. Given the challenges of the country concerning energy provision, guaranteeing comfort in buildings and sustainability aspects, this trend is questionable and worrying in this pandemic era. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate how glazing types and their properties could reduce cooling loads and provide comfort by following the recommendations set by the Ghana Green Building Council (GHGBC) after the Green Star of South Africa, as well as other references found in literature.

Design/methodology/approach
Indoor thermal conditions were monitored to evaluate prevailing indoor conditions. Using a simulation application, various options were probed based on the Green recommendations and others found in literature to improve thermal comfort within the structure. Moreover, a questionnaire survey with observation was undertaken with 250 architects to understand the basis of decisions taken when specifying glazing for buildings.

Findings
The results indicate that cooling loads increased by 2% when the GHGBC after the Green Star of South Africa recommendations were applied. However, the use of the recommendations of previous research conducted in Ghana could reduce cooling loads by 38% to save energy. Suggested strategies of air velocity up to 1.0 m/s as well as thermal mass, comfort ventilation, conventional dehumidification and air-conditioning were found to be means to improve indoor comfort. Furthermore, the architects revealed that around 40% of multi-storey buildings are 70%–100% glazed. Of all the buildings, 62.4% was found to be glazed with single pane windows, making them use so much energy in cooling. Additionally, the survey underlined the client’s preference, cost and functionality as the three main bases for the choice of glazing in multi-storey office buildings.

Originality/value
A significant contribution of this study to the body of knowledge is the provision of empirical evidence to support the fact that due to climate difference, each country needs to undertake more experimental research works to be able to come out with standards that work. Thus, the GHGBC after the Green Star of South Africa does not necessarily work within the climatic context of Ghana.
Determinants of sustainability of participatory budgeting: Slovak perspective
Authors: Murray Svidroňová Mária , Benzoni Baláž Martina , Klimovský Daniel , Kaščáková Alena 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to identify and test selected economic and organisational factors influencing the sustainability of participatory budgeting (PB) in Slovakia.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from websites and publicly available documents from all local governments with urban municipality status in Slovakia, for a total of 155 municipalities, 59 of which have established a participatory budget. The main method applied was correlation analysis.FindingsThe findings indicate: (1) a weak inverse correlation between debt level and the continuous existence of PB in municipalities; (2) a moderate direct correlation between the duration of PB in a municipality and integration of PB in its programme budgeting; (3) a moderate direct correlation between the duration of PB in a municipality and the political experience of the mayor.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings are derived from a quantitative analysis of cases localised in a single country, and therefore interpretation requires an awareness of the context of local democracy in Slovakia. In this regard, any generalisation beyond the context under study needs to be considered with caution.Originality/valueThis research fills a gap in the role of PB in the context of sustainability, especially in the context of a post-communist country like Slovakia. It applies a quantitative approach to the analysis of PB, which is relatively rare in this field of study (qualitative case studies are predominant in PB research).
Which brands do consumers become attached to? The roles of brand concepts and brand positioning in the context of COVID-19
Authors: Cai Yuanyuan , Wang Mengmeng , Huang Haiyang , Jiang Quanyu 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically disrupted everyday life, leading to a cascade of negative emotional responses such as death anxiety. Against this backdrop, the purpose of this paper is to focus on the buffering effect of brand attachment on death anxiety by exploring the roles of brand concepts and brand positioning on psychological compensation for security.

Design/methodology/approach
This multi-method paper features four studies and shows how brands can offer emotional support under high-risk circumstances.

Findings
Study 1 includes two surveys which offer preliminary evidence that death anxiety can enhance consumers’ brand attachment. Study 2 reveals a causal effect wherein consumers experiencing death anxiety are more likely to attach to brands with a self-transcendence (vs self-enhancement) concept. Study 3 examines the mediating role of need for security in the relationship between death anxiety and attachment to brands with a self-transcendence concept. Further, Study 4 indicates the moderating role of brand positioning: self-transcendence brands adopting local (vs global) positioning strategies are more likely to satisfy consumers’ need for security, thereby leading to strong brand attachment.

Originality/value
The findings of this paper contribute to the brand attachment literature and to the global branding literature regarding consumers’ emotional responses in the context of COVID-19. This paper innovatively frames brand concepts and brand positioning and provides actionable guidelines to help brands satisfy consumers’ needs amid a worldwide crisis.
The career of a suicidologist
Authors: Lester David 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
This essay aims to describe how the author began his career as a suicidologist and his style that made him so productive.

Design/methodology/approach
The author used autobiographical details to illustrate the elements of his career.

Findings
Childhood experiences include sleeping in air raid shelter from 1942 to 1945 in London (UK), while his style includes obsessiveness in reading everything on suicide, applying ideas from other fields (such as economics) to the study of suicide and obtaining academic freedom early in his career.

Originality/value
The essay offers guidelines for others who are in the early stages of a career as a researcher.
Synergistic effect of TQM-SCM initiatives in organizational performance: evidence from the service (logistics) sector
Authors: Shaikh Shazia Shaheen , Huaming Song , Ameer Muhammad Saad 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
This study aims to explore the synergetic effects of total quality management and supply chain management (TQM–SCM) initiatives and their effects on organizational performance (OP). This research has been conducted in Pakistan’s logistics sector. The research reveals the synergistic effect of TQM and SCM initiatives and their effects on OP.

Design/methodology/approach
The constructs of the TQM and SCM were chosen after reviewing the literature that was critical for the logistics sector. The synergetic effect of TQM–SCM on OP has been evaluated. The mediating, direct and indirect effects were also evaluated in different models independently. Structural equation modelling was applied to drive the results via using AMOS.

Findings
It was observed during the analysis that both the TQM and SCM have a significant effect on OP. Both TQM initiatives have directly correlated to the improvement in SCM, and both have a positive effect on an organization. This research study has aided logistics firms that are focusing on TQM and SCM planning and implementation. The results can give management a better and more in-depth knowledge of the TQM initiatives and OP.

Research limitations/implications
The data was collected through email and personal visits from different organizations. The data was collected through an adopted questionnaire. It is found in the study that many people at the managerial level have limited knowledge regarding SCM and TQM. The results may vary if the knowledge of the employees is improved.

Practical implications
The current study presents an upscale addition by examining the function of SCM and TQM linkage in OP as well as their relationship. The evaluated model serves as a guideline for firms looking to expand and achieve maximal OP.

Social implications
Text.

Originality/value
The evaluated model is developed in this study that serves as a guideline for firms looking to expand a new method to reach maximum OP.