bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying and Acknowledging a Sex Gap in Lower-Limb Prosthetics Research: A Review
Authors: Ljung Jonas , Iacangelo Abigail 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sex bias in research and treatment is a known phenomenon in medicine. This review seeks to identify and highlight the disparity in sex or gender representation in lower-limb prosthetic research, as well as examine what types of studies are less likely to exclude females.

Methods
The electronic databases of Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics and Prosthetics and Orthotics International were reviewed for lower-limb prosthetic literature to determine how frequently sex is considered when conducting research on the fit and function of a device over the last 5 years. Metadata about various study characteristics was copied and analyzed for patterns.

Results
A total of 191 manuscripts were analyzed in this review. All together, the studies included 25.4% of female participants, which is below the approximate 34.6% female individuals living with amputation. No apparent difference in recruitment was noted between the sample size of the study, and a 32.9% increase of female representation was seen over the time frame of the study.

Conclusions
Although a positive increase in female participants over time was identified, a significant disparity in male and female research subjects is still prevalent throughout prosthetic research. In particular, high-validity study types such as randomized control trials and systematic reviews both fell well short of the approximate number of females with amputations. Studies that were analyzing prosthetic components and developing troubleshooting/diagnostic techniques were also well below the necessary female participants, likely contributing to poor fitting outcomes.

Clinical Relevance
Although evidence-based care aims to integrate research with clinical expertise with the ideal of providing the most appropriate treatment for the patient, this article demonstrates that a third of the population of persons living with amputation are rarely included in research trials. This article can be used as a tool for clinicians in deciding when the research should and should not be considered for a particular patient.
Timely surgical fixation confers beneficial outcomes in patients’ concomitant flail chest with mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury: a trauma quality improvement project analysis – a cohort study
Authors: Liao Chien-An , Kuo Ling-Wei , Huang Jen-Fu , Fu Chih-Yuan , Chen Szu-An , Tee Yu-San , Hsieh Chi-Hsun , Liao Chien-Hung , Cheng Chi-Tung , Young Tai-Horng , Hsu Chih-Po 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Traumatic flail chest results in respiratory distress and prolonged hospital stay. Timely surgical fixation of the flail chest reduces respiratory complications, decreases ventilator dependence, and shortens hospital stays. Concomitant head injury is not unusual in these patients and can postpone surgical timing due to the need to monitor the status of intracranial injuries. Reducing pulmonary sequelae also assists in the recovery from traumatic brain injury and improves outcomes. No previous evidence supports that early rib fixation can improve the outcome of patients with concomitant flail chest and traumatic brain injury.

Research Question:

Can early rib fixation improve the outcome of patients with concomitant flail chest and traumatic brain injury?

Study Design and Methods:
Adult patients with blunt injuries from the Trauma Quality Improvement Project between 2017 and 2019 were eligible for inclusion. Patients were divided into two treatment groups: operative and nonoperative. Inverse probability treatment weighting was used to identify the predictors of mortality and adverse hospital events.

Results:
Patients in the operative group had a higher intubation rate [odds ratio (OR), 2.336; 95% CI, 1.644–3.318; p<0.001), a longer length of stay (coefficient β, 4.664; SE, 0.789; p<0.001), longer ventilator days (coefficient β, 2.020; SE, 0.528; p<0.001), and lower mortality rate (OR], 0.247; 95% CI, 0.135–0.454; p<0.001).

Interpretation:
Timely rib fixation can improve the mortality rate of patients with flail chest and a concomitant mild-to-moderate head injury.
Collaborating With Community Partners to Address Population Health in an Online Advanced Nursing Practice Course
Authors: Watts Theresa , Green Jordyn E. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Engaging in effective community partnerships is a core competency for advanced nursing practice.

Purpose:
To describe a semester-long population health project that involved collaboration with a community partner in an online and asynchronous advanced nursing practice course and to evaluate students' perceptions of their community partner collaboration.

Methods:
At the beginning of the course, students selected health topics and community partners. Perceptions of the collaboration were evaluated in a survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis.

Results:
Approximately 59% of the students found the community partnership was very valuable. Barriers for working with community partners included reluctancy, feeling like a burden, and challenges with scheduling. Facilitators for working with community partners included receiving support on the project, gaining new perspectives, and the collaborative relationship.

Conclusions:
Community partnership assignments on population health projects can support students in obtaining skills on effective community partnerships while they are in their education programs.
The Utility of Biomarkers in the Clinical Management of Syphilis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lorenz Zachary W. , Nijhar Sukhjeevan , Caufield-Noll Christine , Ghanem Khalil G. , Hamill Matthew M. 
Published: April 2023

Background
Routinely available laboratory tests for Treponema pallidum remain suboptimal for diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and monitoring purposes. Biomarkers with enhanced performance characteristics can improve diagnostic confidence and facilitate management. We conducted a systematic review to examine the utility of biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of syphilis.

Methods
We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses to identify articles for inclusion and independently reviewed them for eligibility and study quality using a 3-stage procedure. The search, conducted by a senior library informationist, used PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus and included any study published before May 2022.

Results
Of the 111 studies identified, 31 (27.9%) were included in our review. Most studies were cross-sectional or prospective. The data were strikingly heterogeneous examining a variety of biomarkers across different syphilis stages, using different methodologies and definitions of treatment success. Available publications chiefly focused on diagnosing various syphilis stages, neurosyphilis and congenital syphilis, serological cure, the serofast state, and reinfection.

Conclusions
Despite increasing attempts to identify novel biomarkers, we found limited evidence to support the use of any biomarker in clinical decision making at this time; the syphilis biomarker literature is heterogenous and lacks measurement of clinically meaningful end points. We recommend the formation of a working group to set priorities for syphilis biomarker research and to guide future study of clinically meaningful biomarkers.
Routine Photography of Injuries
Authors: Giorgetti Arianna , Pascali Jennifer Paola , Pelletti Guido , Silvestri Annamaria , Giovannini Elena , Pelotti Susi , Fais Paolo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Ten lesions were photographed with an entry-level (HUAWEI P smart 2019), a midrange (Samsung Galaxy S8) and a high range (Apple Iphone XR) smartphone camera and with a digital single-lens camera (DSLC). Images were independently rated by 3 pathologists, based on comparison to the real lesion and “visual impact.” Difference of perceptual lightness coordinates between smartphones and the criterion standard (DSLC) was calculated.
The highest ranking for adherence to reality was obtained with DSLC, while the highest ranking for visual impact was obtained with the Iphone. The color representation better reflecting the criterion standard (DSLC) was obtained for the entry-level smartphone.
All the devices allow to assess the general features (ie, the color, the shape, and the main characteristics) of an injury during a forensic autopsy. However, results might be different when photos are obtained in suboptimal, such as low-light, conditions. Moreover, images acquired through a smartphone camera might be unsuitable for later image exploitation, such as enlargement of a portion of the image to magnification of a detail, which seemed not relevant when the photo was shot. Only a raw image, acquired using a dedicated camera and deactivating images manipulation software, might allow the preservation of the true data.
Clinical Practice Patterns and Evidence-Based Medicine in Abdominoplasty: 16-Year Analysis of Continuous Certification Tracer Data from the American Board of Plastic Surgery
Authors: Stein Michael J. , Weissman Joshua P. , Harrast John , Rubin J. Peter , Gosain Arun K. , Matarasso Alan 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
This study evaluates trends in practice patterns for abdominoplasty based on a 16-year review of tracer data collected by the American Board of Plastic Surgery (ABPS) as part of the Continuous Certification (CC) process.

Methods:
In order to facilitate comparison of an equal number of patients over time, tracer data from 2005 to 2021 was split into an “early cohort (EC)” from 2005-2014 and a “recent cohort (RC)” from 2015-2021. Fisher’s exact tests and two-sample t-tests compared patient demographics, surgical techniques, and complication rates.

Results:
Data from 8990 abdominoplasties (4740 EC, 4250 RC) was analyzed. Recent cohort abdominoplasties report a lower rate of complications (19% compared to 22% for EC, p<0.001) and a lower rate of revisionary surgery (8% compared to 10% for EC, p<0.001). This has occurred despite the increased use of abdominal flap liposuction (25% vs 18% for EC, p<0.001). Wide undermining, (81% vs 75%, p<0.001), vertical plication (89% vs 86%, p<0.001), and the use of surgical drains (93% vs 89%, p<0.001) have all been reduced to a significant degree in the RC. Abdominoplasty surgery is increasingly performed in an outpatient setting, with increased use of chemoprophylaxis for thrombosis prevention.

Conclusions:
Analysis of this ABPS tracer data highlights important trends in clinical practice over the last 16 years. Abdominoplasty continues to be a safe and effective procedure with similar complication and revision rates over the 16-year cohort.
Application of Simplified Duct-to-Mucosa Pancreaticojejunostomy for Nondilated Pancreatic Duct in Laparoscopic Pancreatic Surgery
Authors: Zhou Haihua , Wu Xiaokang 
Published: April 2023

Objective:
The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of simplified duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy in a nondilated pancreatic duct in laparoscopic surgery.

Materials and Methods:
The data of 19 patients who underwent laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) and 2 patients who underwent laparoscopic central pancreatectomy were retrospectively analyzed.

Results:
All patients underwent pure laparoscopic surgery successfully with simplified duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy. The operation time of LPD was 365.11±41.56 minutes, the time of pancreaticojejunostomy was 28.39±12.58 minutes, and postoperative hospitalization time was 14.16±6.88 days on average. Postoperative complications occurred in 3 patients of LPD, including 2 cases of class B postoperative pancreatic fistula and 1 case of gastroparesis followed by gastrointestinal anastomotic perforation. The operative time of laparoscopic central pancreatectomy was 191.00±12.73 minutes, the time of pancreaticojejunostomy 36.00±5.66 minutes, and the postoperative hospitalization time 12.5±0.71 days on average.

Conclusions:
The described technique is a simple and safe reconstruction procedure and suitable for patients with nondilated pancreatic duct.
Decoding the Best Automated Segmentation Tools for Vascular White Matter Hyperintensities in the Aging Brain: A Clinician’s Guide to Precision and Purpose
Authors: Torres-Simon Lucia , del Cerro-León Alberto , Yus Miguel , Bruña Ricardo , Gil-Martinez Lidia , Marcos Dolado Alberto , Maestú Fernando , Arrazola-Garcia Juan , Cuesta Pablo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCerebrovascular damage from small vessel disease (SVD) occurs in healthy and pathological aging. SVD markers, such as white matter hyperintensities (WMH), are commonly found in individuals over 60 and increase in prevalence with age. WMHs are detectable on standard MRI by adhering to the STRIVE criteria. Currently, visual assessment scales are used in clinical and research scenarios but is time-consuming and has rater variability, limiting its practicality. Addressing this issue, our study aimed to determine the most precise WMH segmentation software, offering insights into methodology and usability to balance clinical precision with practical application. This study employed a dataset comprising T1, FLAIR, and DWI images from 300 cognitively healthy older adults. WMHs in this cohort were evaluated using four automated neuroimaging tools: Lesion Prediction Algorithm (LPA) and Lesion Growth Algorithm (LGA) from Lesion Segmentation Tool (LST), Sequence Adaptive Multimodal Segmentation (SAMSEG), and Brain Intensity Abnormalities Classification Algorithm (BIANCA). Additionally, clinicians manually segmented WMHs in a subsample of 45 participants to establish a gold standard. The study assessed correlations with the Fazekas scale, algorithm performance, and the influence of WMH volume on reliability. Results indicated that supervised algorithms were superior, particularly in detecting small WMHs, and can improve their consistency when used in parallel with unsupervised tools. The research also proposed a biomarker for moderate vascular damage, derived from the top 95th percentile of WMH volume in healthy individuals aged 50 to 60. This biomarker effectively differentiated subgroups within the cohort, correlating with variations in brain structure and behavior.
Exploring approaches to weighting estimates of facility readiness to provide health services used for estimating input-adjusted effective coverage: a case study using data from Tanzania
Authors: Sheffel Ashley , Carter Emily , Niyeha Debora , Yahya-Malima Khadija I. , Malamsha Deogratius , Shagihilu Shagihilu , Munos Melinda 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTThe ideal approach for calculating effective coverage of health services using ecological linking requires accounting for variability in facility readiness to provide health services and patient volume by incorporating adjustments for facility type into estimates of facility readiness and weighting facility readiness estimates by service-specific caseload. The aim of this study is to compare the ideal caseload-weighted facility readiness approach to two alternative approaches 1) facility-weighted readiness and 2) observation-weighted readiness to assess the suitability of each as a proxy for caseload-weighted facility readiness. We utilized the 2014-2015 Tanzania Service Provision Assessment along with routine health information system data to calculate facility readiness estimates using the three approaches. We then conducted equivalence testing, using the caseload-weighted estimates as the ideal approach and comparing with the facility-weighted estimates and observation-weighted estimates to test for equivalence. Comparing the facility-weighted readiness estimates to the caseload-weighted readiness estimates, we found 58% of estimates met the requirements for equivalence. In addition, the facility-weighted readiness estimates consistently underestimated, by a small percentage, facility readiness as compared to the caseload-weighted readiness estimates. Comparing the observation-weighted readiness estimates to the caseload-weighted readiness estimates, we found 64% of estimates met the requirements for equivalence. We found that, in this setting, both facility-weighted readiness and observation-weighted readiness may be reasonable proxies for caseload-weighted readiness. However, in a setting with more variability in facility readiness or larger differences in facility readiness between low caseload and high caseload facilities, the observation-weighted approach would be a better option than the facility-weighted approach. While the methods compared showed equivalence, our results suggest that selecting the best method for weighting readiness estimates will require assessing data availability alongside knowledge of the country context.
Single-cell time-resolved multi-omics reveal apoptotic and ferroptotic heterogeneity during foam cell formation
Authors: Wang Yiwen , Lin Ling , Qiao Liang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMacrophage-derived foam cell plays a pivotal role in the plaque formation and rupture during the progression of atherosclerosis. Foam cells are destined to divergent cell fate and functions in response to external stimuli based on their internal states, which however is hidden in the traditional studies based on population of cells. Herein, we used time-resolved and single-cell multi-omics to investigate the macrophage heterogeneity along foam cell formation. Dynamic metabolome and lipidome outlined the dual regulating axis of inflammation and ferroptosis. Single cell metabolomics and lipidomics further demonstrated a macrophage continuum featuring a differed susceptibility to apoptosis and ferroptosis. Using single-cell transcriptomic profiling, we verified the divergent cell fate toward apoptosis or ferroptosis. Therefore, the molecular choreography underlying the divergent cell fate during foam cell formation was revealed, which is of high significance for the understanding of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and development of new drug targets.
RAVEN: development of a novel volumetric extrusion-based system for small-scale Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Fucile Pierpaolo , David Vivek Cherian , Kalogeropoulou Maria , Gloria Antonio , Moroni Lorenzo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecent technological advances in the field of Additive Manufacturing (AM) and the increasing need in Regenerative Medicine (RM) for devices that better and better mimic native tissues architecture are showing limitations in the current scaffolds fabrication techniques. A switch from the typical layer-by-layer approach is needed to achieve precise control on fibers orientation and pores dimension and morphology. In this work a new AM apparatus, the RAVEN (Robot-Assisted Volumetric ExtrusioN) system, is presented. RAVEN is based on a 7-DOF robotic arm and an FDM extruder and allows for volumetric extrusion of polymeric filaments. The development process, namely the robotic motion optimization, the optimization towards small-scale trajectories, the custom-made hardware/software interfaces, and the different printing capabilities are hereby presented. The successful results are promising towards future advanced applications such asin vivobioprinting, in which the ability of the robot to change its configuration while printing will be crucial.
Dietary calcium (Ca2+) impacts Ca2+content and molecular expression of Ca2+-transporters in Malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito,Aedes aegypti
Authors: Li Yuan , Piermarini Peter M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe renal (Malpighian) tubules of insects play important roles in hemolymph Ca2+regulation. Here we provide the first investigation into how dietary Ca2+loads from sucrose or blood meals affect the Ca2+content and mRNA expression of Ca2+transporters in Malpighian tubules of adult female mosquitoes. Using the yellow fever mosquitoAedes aegyptiwe found that feeding females for 6 daysad libitumon 10% sucrose with elevated Ca2+concentration led to concentration-dependent increases of the Ca2+content in Malpighian tubules. The increases of Ca2+content correlated with up-regulations of mRNAs encoding intracellular Ca2+-ATPases (SERCAandSPCA), a plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA), and a K+-dependent Na+/Ca2+exchanger (NCKX1). We also found that when adult females were fed blood, tubule Ca2+content changed dynamically over the next 72 h in a manner consistent with redistribution of tubule Ca2+stores to other tissues (e.g., ovaries). The changes in tubule Ca2+were correlated with dynamic changes in mRNA abundances ofSERCA,SPCA,PMCA, andNCKX1. Our results are the first to demonstrate that Malpighian tubules of adult female mosquitoes have a remarkable capacity to handle high dietary Ca2+loads, most likely through the combination of storing excess Ca2+within intracellular compartments and secreting it into the tubule lumen for excretion. Our results also suggest that the Malpighian tubules play key roles in supplying Ca2+to other tissues during the processing of blood meals.
Magnetically Controlled Cyclic Microscale Deformation ofIn VitroCancer Invasion Models
Authors: Asgeirsson D.O. , Mehta A. , Hesse N. , Scheeder A. , Ward R. , Li F. , Christiansen M. G. , De Micheli A. J. , Ildic E. S. , Aceto N. , Schuerle S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMechanical cues play an important role in the metastatic cascade of cancer. Three-dimensional (3D) tissue matrices with tunable stiffness have been extensively used as model systems of the tumor microenvironment for physiologically relevant studies. Tumor-associated cells actively deform these matrices, providing mechanical cues to other cancer cells residing in the tissue. Mimicking such dynamic deformation in the surrounding tumor matrix may help clarify the effect of local strain on cancer cell invasion. Remotely controlled microscale magnetic actuation of such 3Din vitrosystems is a promising approach, offering a non-invasive means for in situ interrogation. Here, we investigate the influence of cyclic deformation on tumor spheroids embedded in matrices, continuously exerted for days by cell-sized anisotropic magnetic probes, referred to as µRods. Particle velocimetry analysis revealed the spatial extent of matrix deformation produced in response to a magnetic field, which was found to be on the order of 200 µm, resembling strain fields reported to originate from contracting cells. Intracellular calcium influx was observed in response to cyclic actuation, as well as an influence on cancer cell invasion from 3D spheroids, as compared to unactuated controls. Localized actuation at one side of a tumor spheroid tended to result in anisotropic invasion toward the µRods causing the deformation. In summary, our approach offers a strategy to test and control the influence of non-invasive micromechanical cues on cancer cell invasion and metastasis.