bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holding water in a sieve—stable droplets without surface tension
Authors: Longmire N. P. , Showalter S. L. , Banuti D. T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOur understanding of supercritical fluids has seen exciting advances over the last decades, often in direct contradiction to established textbook knowledge. Rather than being structureless, we now know that distinct supercritical liquid and gaseous states can be distinguished and that a higher order phase transition - pseudo boiling - occurs between supercritical liquid and gaseous states across the Widom line. Observed droplets and sharp interfaces at supercritical pressures are interpreted as evidence of surface tension due to phase equilibria in mixtures, given the lack of a supercritical liquid-vapor phase equilibrium in pure fluids. However, here we introduce an alternative physical mechanism that unexpectedly causes a sharpening of interfacial density gradients in absence of surface tension: thermal gradient induced interfaces (TGIIF). We show from first principles and simulations that, unlike in gases or liquids, stable droplets, bubbles, and planar interfaces can exist without surface tension. These results challenge and generalize our understanding of what droplets and phase interfaces are, and uncover yet another unexpected behavior of supercritical fluids. TGIIF provide a new physical mechanism that could be used to tailor and optimize fuel injection or heat transfer processes in high-pressure power systems.
Tesla valves and capillary structures-activated thermal regulator
Authors: Li Wenming , Yang Siyan , Chen Yongping , Li Chen , Wang Zuankai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTwo-phase (liquid, vapor) flow in confined spaces is fundamentally interesting and practically important in many practical applications such as thermal management, offering the potential to impart high thermal transport performance owing to high surface-to-volume ratio and latent heat released during liquid/vapor phase transition. However, the associated physical size effect, in coupling with the striking contrast in specific volume between liquid and vapor phases, also leads to the onset of unwanted vapor backflow and chaotic two-phase flow patterns, which seriously deteriorates the practical thermal transport performances. Here, we develop a thermal regulator consisting of classical Tesla valves and engineered capillary structures, which can switch its working states and boost its heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux in its “switched-on” state. We demonstrate that the Tesla valves and the capillary structures serve to eliminate vapor backflow and promote liquid flow along the sidewalls of both Tesla valves and main channels, respectively, which synergistically enable the thermal regulator to self-adapt to varying working conditions by rectifying the chaotic two-phase flow into an ordered and directional flow. We envision that revisiting century-old design can promote the development of next generation cooling devices towards switchable and very high heat transfer performances for power electronic devices.
A spatio-temporally constrained gene regulatory network directed by PBX1/2 acquires limb patterning specificity via HAND2
Authors: Losa Marta , Barozzi Iros , Osterwalder Marco , Hermosilla-Aguayo Viviana , Morabito Angela , Chacón Brandon H. , Zarrineh Peyman , Girdziusaite Ausra , Benazet Jean Denis , Zhu Jianjian , Mackem Susan , Capellini Terence D. , Dickel Diane , Bobola Nicoletta , Zuniga Aimée , Visel Axel , Zeller Rolf , Selleri Licia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA lingering question in developmental biology has centered on how transcription factors with widespread distribution in vertebrate embryos can perform tissue-specific functions. Here, using the murine hindlimb as a model, we investigate the elusive mechanisms whereby PBX TALE homeoproteins, viewed primarily as HOX cofactors, attain context-specific developmental roles despite ubiquitous presence in the embryo. We first demonstrate that mesenchymal-specific loss of PBX1/2 or the transcriptional regulator HAND2 generates similar limb phenotypes. By combining tissue-specific and temporally controlled mutagenesis with multi-omics approaches, we reconstruct a gene regulatory network (GRN) at organismal-level resolution that is collaboratively directed by PBX1/2 and HAND2 interactions in subsets of posterior hindlimb mesenchymal cells. Genome-wide profiling of PBX1 binding across multiple embryonic tissues further reveals that HAND2 interacts with subsets of PBX-bound regions to regulate limb-specific GRNs. Our research elucidates fundamental principles by which promiscuous transcription factors cooperate with cofactors that display domain-restricted localization to instruct tissue-specific developmental programs.
On-site growth of perovskite nanocrystal arrays for integrated nanodevices
Authors: Jastrzebska-Perfect Patricia , Zhu Weikun , Saravanapavanantham Mayuran , Li Zheng , Spector Sarah O. , Brenes Roberto , Satterthwaite Peter F. , Ram Rajeev J. , Niroui Farnaz 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDespite remarkable progress in the development of halide perovskite materials and devices, their integration into nanoscale optoelectronics has been hindered by a lack of control over nanoscale patterning. Owing to their tendency to degrade rapidly, perovskites suffer from chemical incompatibility with conventional lithographic processes. Here, we present an alternative, bottom-up approach for precise and scalable formation of perovskite nanocrystal arrays with deterministic control over size, number, and position. In our approach, localized growth and positioning is guided using topographical templates of controlled surface wettability through which nanoscale forces are engineered to achieve sub-lithographic resolutions. With this technique, we demonstrate deterministic arrays of CsPbBr3nanocrystals with tunable dimensions down to <50 nm and positional accuracy <50 nm. Versatile, scalable, and compatible with device integration processes, we then use our technique to demonstrate arrays of nanoscale light-emitting diodes, highlighting the new opportunities that this platform offers for perovskites’ integration into on-chip nanodevices.
Detecting temporal and spatial malaria patterns from first antenatal care visits
Authors: Pujol Arnau , Brokhattingen Nanna , Matambisso Glória , Mbeve Henriques , Cisteró Pau , Escoda Anna , Maculuve Sónia , Cuna Boaventura , Melembe Cardoso , Ndimande Nelo , Munguambe Humberto , Montaña Júlia , Nhamússua Lídia , Simone Wilson , Tetteh Kevin K. A. , Drakeley Chris , Gamain Benoit , Chitnis Chetan E. , Chauhan Virander , Quintó Llorenç , Chidimatembue Arlindo , Martí-Soler Helena , Galatas Beatriz , Guinovart Caterina , Saúte Francisco , Aide Pedro , Macete Eusébio , Mayor Alfredo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPregnant women attending first antenatal care (ANC) visits represent a promising malaria surveillance target in Sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed the spatio-temporal relationship between malaria trends at ANC (n = 6471) and in children in the community (n = 3933) and at health facilities (n = 15,467) in southern Mozambique (2016–2019). ANC P. falciparum rates detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction mirrored rates in children, regardless of gravidity and HIV status (Pearson correlation coefficient [PCC] > 0.8, χ²<1.1), with a 2–3 months lag. Only at rapid diagnostic test detection limits at moderate-to-high transmission, did multigravidae show lower rates than children (PCC = 0.61, 95%CI[−0.12–0.94]). Seroprevalence against the pregnancy-specific antigen VAR2CSA reflected declining malaria trends (PCC = 0.74, 95%CI[0.24–0.77]). 60% (9/15) of hotspots detected from health facility data (n = 6662) using a novel hotspot detector, EpiFRIenDs, were also identified with ANC data (n = 3616). Taken together, we show that ANC-based malaria surveillance offers contemporary information on temporal trends and geographic distribution of malaria burden in the community.
Bias assessment of a test-negative design study of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness used in national policymaking
Authors: Graham Sophie , Tessier Elise , Stowe Julia , Bernal Jamie Lopez , Parker Edward P. K. , Nitsch Dorothea , Miller Elizabeth , Andrews Nick , Walker Jemma L. , McDonald Helen I. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNational test-negative-case-control (TNCC) studies are used to monitor COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in the UK. A questionnaire was sent to participants from the first published TNCC COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness study conducted by the UK Health Security Agency, to assess for potential biases and changes in behaviour related to vaccination. The original study included symptomatic adults aged ≥70 years testing for COVID-19 between 08/12/2020 and 21/02/2021. A questionnaire was sent to cases and controls tested from 1–21 February 2021. In this study, 8648 individuals responded to the questionnaire (36.5% response). Using information from the questionnaire to produce a combined estimate that accounted for all potential biases decreased the original vaccine effectiveness estimate after two doses of BNT162b2 from 88% (95% CI: 79–94%) to 85% (95% CI: 68–94%). Self-reported behaviour demonstrated minimal evidence of riskier behaviour after vaccination. These findings offer reassurance to policy makers and clinicians making decisions based on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness TNCC studies.
Induction of lysosomal exocytosis and biogenesis via TRPML1 activation for the treatment of uranium-induced nephrotoxicity
Authors: Zhong Dengqin , Wang Ruiyun , Zhang Hongjing , Wang Mengmeng , Zhang Xuxia , Chen Honghong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUranium (U) is a well-known nephrotoxicant which forms precipitates in the lysosomes of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) after U-exposure at a cytotoxic dose. However, the roles of lysosomes in U decorporation and detoxification remain to be elucidated. Mucolipin transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPML1) is a major lysosomal Ca2+channel regulating lysosomal exocytosis. We herein demonstrate that the delayed administration of the specific TRPML1 agonist ML-SA1 significantly decreases U accumulation in the kidney, mitigates renal proximal tubular injury, increases apical exocytosis of lysosomes and reduces lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) in renal PTECs of male mice with single-dose U poisoning or multiple-dose U exposure. Mechanistic studies reveal that ML-SA1 stimulates intracellular U removal and reduces U-induced LMP and cell death through activating the positive TRPML1-TFEB feedback loop and consequent lysosomal exocytosis and biogenesis in U-loaded PTECs in vitro. Together, our studies demonstrate that TRPML1 activation is an attractive therapeutic strategy for the treatment of U-induced nephrotoxicity.
Genome-wide mapping of cancer dependency genes and genetic modifiers of chemotherapy in high-risk hepatoblastoma
Authors: Fang Jie , Singh Shivendra , Cheng Changde , Natarajan Sivaraman , Sheppard Heather , Abu-Zaid Ahmed , Durbin Adam D. , Lee Ha Won , Wu Qiong , Steele Jacob , Connelly Jon P. , Jin Hongjian , Chen Wenan , Fan Yiping , Pruett-Miller Shondra M. , Rehg Jerold E. , Koo Selene C. , Santiago Teresa , Emmons Joseph , Cairo Stefano , Wang Ruoning , Glazer Evan S. , Murphy Andrew J. , Chen Taosheng , Davidoff Andrew M. , Armengol Carolina , Easton John , Chen Xiang , Yang Jun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA lack of relevant genetic models and cell lines hampers our understanding of hepatoblastoma pathogenesis and the development of new therapies for this neoplasm. Here, we report an improved MYC-driven hepatoblastoma-like murine model that recapitulates the pathological features of embryonal type of hepatoblastoma, with transcriptomics resembling the high-risk gene signatures of the human disease. Single-cell RNA-sequencing and spatial transcriptomics identify distinct subpopulations of hepatoblastoma cells. After deriving cell lines from the mouse model, we map cancer dependency genes using CRISPR-Cas9 screening and identify druggable targets shared with human hepatoblastoma (e.g., CDK7, CDK9, PRMT1, PRMT5). Our screen also reveals oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in hepatoblastoma that engage multiple, druggable cancer signaling pathways. Chemotherapy is critical for human hepatoblastoma treatment. A genetic mapping of doxorubicin response by CRISPR-Cas9 screening identifies modifiers whose loss-of-function synergizes with (e.g., PRKDC) or antagonizes (e.g., apoptosis genes) the effect of chemotherapy. The combination of PRKDC inhibition and doxorubicin-based chemotherapy greatly enhances therapeutic efficacy. These studies provide a set of resources including disease models suitable for identifying and validating potential therapeutic targets in human high-risk hepatoblastoma.
2D CdPS3-based versatile superionic conductors
Authors: Yu Xin , Ren Wencai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIon transport in nanochannels is crucial for applications in life science, filtration, and energy storage. However, multivalent ion transport is more difficult than the monovalent analogues due to the steric effect and stronger interactions with channel walls, and the ion mobility decreases significantly as temperature decreases. Although many kinds of solid ionic conductors (SICs) have been developed, they can attain practically useful conductivities (0.01 S cm−1) only for monovalent ions above 0 °C. Here, we report a class of versatile superionic conductors, monolayer CdPS3 nanosheets-based membranes intercalated with diverse cations with a high density up to ∼2 nm−2. They exhibit unexpectedly similar superhigh ion conductivities for monovalent (K+, Na+, Li+) and multivalent ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+), ∼0.01 to 0.8 S cm−1 in the temperature range of −30 ‒ 90 °C, which are one to two orders of magnitude higher than those of the corresponding best SICs. We reveal that the high conductivity originates from the concerted movement of high-density cations in the well-ordered nanochannels with high mobility and low energy barrier. Our work opens an avenue for designing superionic conductors that can conduct various cations and provides possibilities for discovering unusual nanofluidic phenomena in nanocapillaries.
Tunably strained metallacycles enable modular differentiation of aza-arene C–H bonds
Authors: Xi Longlong , Wang Minyan , Liang Yong , Zhao Yue , Shi Zhuangzhi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe precise activation of C–H bonds will eventually provide chemists with transformative methods to access complex molecular architectures. Current approaches to selective C–H activation relying on directing groups are effective for the generation of five-membered, six-membered and even larger ring metallacycles but show narrow applicability to generate three- and four-membered rings bearing high ring strain. Furthermore, the identification of distinct small intermediates remains unsolved. Here, we developed a strategy to control the size of strained metallacycles in the rhodium-catalysed C−H activation of aza-arenes and applied this discovery to tunably incorporate the alkynes into their azine and benzene skeletons. By merging the rhodium catalyst with a bipyridine-type ligand, a three-membered metallacycle was obtained in the catalytic cycle, while utilizing an NHC ligand favours the generation of the four-membered metallacycle. The generality of this method was demonstrated with a range of aza-arenes, such as quinoline, benzo[f]quinolone, phenanthridine, 4,7-phenanthroline, 1,7-phenanthroline and acridine. Mechanistic studies revealed the origin of the ligand-controlled regiodivergence in the strained metallacycles.
Interplay between human STING genotype and bacterial NADase activity regulates inter-individual disease variability
Authors: Movert Elin , Bolarin Jaume Salgado , Valfridsson Christine , Velarde Jorge , Skrede Steinar , Nekludov Michael , Hyldegaard Ole , Arnell Per , Svensson Mattias , Norrby-Teglund Anna , Cho Kyu Hong , Elhaik Eran , Wessels Michael R. , Råberg Lars , Carlsson Fredric 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVariability in disease severity caused by a microbial pathogen is impacted by each infection representing a unique combination of host and pathogen genomes. Here, we show that the outcome of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infection is regulated by an interplay between human STING genotype and bacterial NADase activity. S. pyogenes-derived c-di-AMP diffuses via streptolysin O pores into macrophages where it activates STING and the ensuing type I IFN response. However, the enzymatic activity of the NADase variants expressed by invasive strains suppresses STING-mediated type I IFN production. Analysis of patients with necrotizing S. pyogenes soft tissue infection indicates that a STING genotype associated with reduced c-di-AMP-binding capacity combined with high bacterial NADase activity promotes a ‘perfect storm’ manifested in poor outcome, whereas proficient and uninhibited STING-mediated type I IFN production correlates with protection against host-detrimental inflammation. These results reveal an immune-regulating function for bacterial NADase and provide insight regarding the host-pathogen genotype interplay underlying invasive infection and interindividual disease variability.
Unbiased proteomics and multivariable regularized regression techniques identify SMOC1, NOG, APCS, and NTN1 in an Alzheimer’s disease brain proteomic signature
Authors: Roberts Jackson A. , Varma Vijay R. , Candia Julián , Tanaka Toshiko , Ferrucci Luigi , Bennett David A. , Thambisetty Madhav 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAdvancements in omics methodologies have generated a wealth of high-dimensional Alzheimer’s disease (AD) datasets, creating significant opportunities and challenges for data interpretation. In this study, we utilized multivariable regularized regression techniques to identify a reduced set of proteins that could discriminate between AD and cognitively normal (CN) brain samples. UtilizingeNetXplorer, an R package that tests the accuracy and significance of a family of elastic net generalized linear models, we identified 4 proteins (SMOC1, NOG, APCS, NTN1) that accurately discriminated between AD (n = 31) and CN (n = 22) middle frontal gyrus (MFG) tissue samples from Religious Orders Study participants with 83 percent accuracy. We then validated this signature in MFG samples from Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging participants using leave-one-out logistic regression cross-validation, finding that the signature again accurately discriminated AD (n = 31) and CN (n = 19) participants with a receiver operating characteristic curve area under the curve of 0.863. These proteins were strongly correlated with the burden of neurofibrillary tangle and amyloid pathology in both study cohorts. We additionally tested whether these proteins differed between AD and CN inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) samples and blood serum samples at the time of AD diagnosis in ROS and BLSA, finding that the proteins differed between AD and CN ITG samples but not in blood serum samples. The identified proteins may provide mechanistic insights into the pathophysiology of AD, and the methods utilized in this study may serve as the basis for further work with additional high-dimensional datasets in AD.
Design of allosteric sites into rotary motor V1-ATPase by restoring lost function of pseudo-active sites
Authors: Kosugi Takahiro , Iida Tatsuya , Tanabe Mikio , Iino Ryota , Koga Nobuyasu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAllostery produces concerted functions of protein complexes by orchestrating the cooperative work between the constituent subunits. Here we describe an approach to create artificial allosteric sites in protein complexes. Certain protein complexes contain subunits with pseudo-active sites, which are believed to have lost functions during evolution. Our hypothesis is that allosteric sites in such protein complexes can be created by restoring the lost functions of pseudo-active sites. We used computational design to restore the lost ATP-binding ability of the pseudo-active site in the B subunit of a rotary molecular motor, V1-ATPase. Single-molecule experiments with X-ray crystallography analyses revealed that binding of ATP to the designed allosteric site boosts this V1’s activity compared with the wild-type, and the rotation rate can be tuned by modulating ATP’s binding affinity. Pseudo-active sites are widespread in nature, and our approach shows promise as a means of programming allosteric control over concerted functions of protein complexes.
The historical social cost of fossil and industrial CO2 emissions
Authors: Rickels Wilfried , Meier Felix , Quaas Martin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPast CO2 emissions have been causing social costs and continue to reduce wealth in the future. Countries differ considerably in their amounts and time profiles of past CO2 emissions. Here we calibrate an integrated assessment model on past economic and climate development to estimate the historical time series of social costs of carbon and to assess how much individual countries have reduced global wealth by their fossil and industrial-process CO2 emissions from 1950 to 2018. Historical social costs of carbon quantify the long-lasting wealth reduction by past CO2 emissions, which we term ‘climate wealth borrowing’, as economic output has been generated at the expense of future climate damages. We find that the United States and China have been responsible for the largest shares of global climate wealth borrowing since 1950, while the per-capita pattern is quite different.
Identifying species likely threatened by international trade on the IUCN Red List can inform CITES trade measures
Authors: Challender Daniel W. S. , Cremona Patricia J. , Malsch Kelly , Robinson Janine E. , Pavitt Alyson T. , Scott Janet , Hoffmann Rachel , Joolia Ackbar , Oldfield Thomasina E. E. , Jenkins Richard K. B. , Conde Dalia A. , Hilton-Taylor Craig , Hoffmann Michael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOverexploitation is a major threat to biodiversity and international trade in many species is regulated through the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). However, there is no established method to systematically determine which species are most at risk from international trade to inform potential trade measures under CITES. Here, we develop a mechanism using the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species to identify species that are likely to be threatened by international trade. Of 2,211 such species, CITES includes 59% (1,307 species), leaving two-fifths overlooked and in potential need of international trade regulation. Our results can inform deliberations on potential proposals to revise trade measures for species at CITES Conference of the Parties meetings. We also show that, for taxa with biological resource use documented as a threat, the number of species threatened by local and national use is four times greater than species likely threatened by international trade. To effectively address the overexploitation of species, interventions focused on achieving sustainability in international trade need to be complemented by commensurate measures to ensure that local and national use and trade of wildlife is well-regulated and sustainable.