bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical relevance of timing of assessment of ICU mortality in patients with moderate-to-severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Villar Jesús , González-Martin Jesús M. , Añón José M. , Ferrando Carlos , Soler Juan A. , Mosteiro Fernando , Mora-Ordoñez Juan M. , Ambrós Alfonso , Fernández Lorena , Montiel Raquel , Vidal Anxela , Muñoz Tomás , Pérez-Méndez Lina , Rodríguez-Suárez Pedro , Fernández Cristina , Fernández Rosa L. , Szakmany Tamas , Burns Karen E. A. , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Slutsky Arthur S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMortality is a frequently reported outcome in clinical studies of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, timing of mortality assessment has not been well characterized. We aimed to identify a crossing-point between cumulative survival and death in the intensive care unit (ICU) of patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS, beyond which the number of survivors would exceed the number of deaths. We hypothesized that this intersection would occur earlier in a successful clinical trial vs. observational studies of moderate/severe ARDS and predict treatment response. We conducted an ancillary study of 1580 patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS managed with lung-protective ventilation to assess the relevance and timing of measuring ICU mortality rates at different time-points during ICU stay. First, we analyzed 1303 patients from four multicenter, observational cohorts enrolling consecutive patients with moderate/severe ARDS. We assessed cumulative ICU survival from the time of moderate/severe ARDS diagnosis to ventilatory support discontinuation within 7-days, 28-days, 60-days, and at ICU discharge. Then, we compared these findings to those of a successful randomized trial of 277 moderate/severe ARDS patients. In the observational cohorts, ICU mortality (487/1303, 37.4%) and 28-day mortality (425/1102, 38.6%) were similar (p = 0.549). Cumulative proportion of ICU survivors and non-survivors crossed at day-7; after day-7, the number of ICU survivors was progressively higher compared to non-survivors. Measures of oxygenation, lung mechanics, and severity scores were different between survivors and non-survivors at each point-in-time (p < 0.001). In the trial cohort, the cumulative proportion of survivors and non-survivors in the treatment group crossed before day-3 after diagnosis of moderate/severe ARDS. In clinical ARDS studies, 28-day mortality closely approximates and may be used as a surrogate for ICU mortality. For patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS, ICU mortality assessment within the first week of a trial might be an early predictor of treatment response.
Foundations of human spatial problem solving
Authors: Zarr Noah , Brown Joshua W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite great strides in both machine learning and neuroscience, we do not know how the human brain solves problems in the general sense. We approach this question by drawing on the framework of engineering control theory. We demonstrate a computational neural model with only localist learning laws that is able to find solutions to arbitrary problems. The model and humans perform a multi-step task with arbitrary and changing starting and desired ending states. Using a combination of computational neural modeling, human fMRI, and representational similarity analysis, we show here that the roles of a number of brain regions can be reinterpreted as interacting mechanisms of a control theoretic system. The results suggest a new set of functional perspectives on the orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia, anterior temporal lobe, lateral prefrontal cortex, and visual cortex, as well as a new path toward artificial general intelligence.
Atomically-thin single-photon sources for quantum communication
Authors: Gao Timm , von Helversen Martin , Antón-Solanas Carlos , Schneider Christian , Heindel Tobias 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo date, quantum communication widely relies on attenuated lasers for secret key generation. In future quantum networks, fundamental limitations resulting from their probabilistic photon distribution must be overcome by using deterministic quantum light sources. Confined excitons in monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) constitute an emerging type of emitter for quantum light generation. These atomically thin solid-state sources show appealing prospects for large-scale and low-cost device integration, meeting the demands of quantum information technologies. Here, we pioneer the practical suitability of TMDC devices in quantum communication. We employ a WSe2monolayer single-photon source to emulate the BB84 protocol in a quantum key distribution (QKD) setup and achieve click rates of up to 66.95 kHz and antibunching values down to 0.034—a performance competitive with QKD experiments using semiconductor quantum dots or color centers in diamond. Our work opens the route towards wider applications of quantum information technologies using TMDC single-photon sources.
Exploration driven by a medial preoptic circuit facilitates fear extinction in mice
Authors: Shin Anna , Ryoo Jia , Shin Kwanhoo , Lee Junesu , Bae Seohui , Kim Dae‐Gun , Park Sae-Geun , Kim Daesoo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRepetitive exposure to fear-associated targets is a typical treatment for patients with panic or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The success of exposure therapy depends on the active exploration of a fear-eliciting target despite an innate drive to avoid it. Here, we found that a circuit running from CaMKIIα-positive neurons of the medial preoptic area to the ventral periaqueductal gray (MPA-vPAG) facilitates the exploration of a fear-conditioned zone and subsequent fear extinction in mice. Activation or inhibition of this circuit did not induce preference/avoidance of a specific zone. Repeated entries into the fear-conditioned zone, induced by the motivation to chase a head-mounted object due to MPA-vPAG circuit photostimulation, facilitated fear extinction. Our results show how the brain forms extinction memory against avoidance of a fearful target and suggest a circuit-based mechanism of exposure therapy.
Downregulation of hepatic lncRNA Gm19619 improves gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis following vertical sleeve gastrectomy in mice
Authors: Fang Zhipeng , Fan Mingjie , Yuan Dongqiang , Jin Lihua , Wang Yangmeng , Ding Lili , Xu Senlin , Tu Jui , Zhang Eryun , Wu Xiwei , Chen Zhen Bouman , Huang Wendong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging important epigenetic regulators in metabolic processes. Whether they contribute to the metabolic effects of vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), one of the most effective treatments for sustainable weight loss and metabolic improvement, is unknown. Herein, we identify a hepatic lncRNA Gm19619, which is strongly repressed by VSG but highly up-regulated by diet-induced obesity and overnight-fasting in mice. Forced transcription of Gm19619 in the mouse liver significantly promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis with the elevated expression of G6pc and Pck1. In contrast, AAV-CasRx mediated knockdown of Gm19619 in high-fat diet-fed mice significantly improves hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. Mechanistically, Gm19619 is enriched along genomic regions encoding leptin receptor (Lepr) and transcription factor Foxo1, as revealed in chromatin isolation by RNA purification (ChIRP) assay and is confirmed to modulate their transcription in the mouse liver. In conclusion, Gm19619 may enhance gluconeogenesis and lipid accumulation in the liver.
p53 and HuR combinatorially control the biphasic dynamics of microRNA-125b in response to genotoxic stress
Authors: Goswami Binita , Ahuja Deepika , Pastré David , Ray Partho Sarothi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPost-transcriptional regulation of p53, by the microRNA miR-125b and the RNA-binding protein HuR, controls p53 expression under genotoxic stress. p53 mRNA translation is repressed by miR-125b, tightly regulating its basal level of expression. The repression is relieved upon DNA damage by a decrease in miR-125b level, contributing to pulsatile expression of p53. The pulse of p53, as also of HuR, in response to UV irradiation coincides with a time-dependent biphasic change in miR-125b level. We show that the cause for the decrease in miR-125b level immediately post DNA-damage is enhanced exosomal export mediated by HuR. The subsequent increase in miR-125b level is due to p53-mediated transcriptional upregulation and enhanced processing, demonstrating miR-125b as a transcriptional and processing target of p53. p53 activates the transcription of primary miR-125b RNA from a cryptic promoter in response to UV irradiation. Together, these regulatory processes constitute reciprocal feedback loops that determine the biphasic change in miR-125b level, ultimately contributing to the fine-tuned temporal regulation of p53 expression in response to genotoxic stress.
Evolution of anisotropic magnetic properties through helix-to-fan transition in helical antiferromagnetic EuCo2As2
Authors: Kim Jong Hyuk , Kim Mi Kyung , Hong Jae Min , Shin Hyun Jun , Jeong Ki Won , Kim Jin Seok , Moon Kyungsun , Lee Nara , Choi Young Jai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA helimagnet comprises a noncollinear spin structure formed by competing exchange interactions. Recent advances in antiferromagnet-based functionalities have broadened the scope of target materials to include noncollinear antiferromagnets. However, a microscopic understanding of the magnetic anisotropy associated with the intricate evolution of noncollinear spin states has not yet been accomplished. Here, we have explored the anisotropic magnetic aspects in a layered helimagnet of EuCo2As2 by measuring the magnetic field and angle dependence of the magnetic torque. By adopting an easy-plane anisotropic spin model, we can visualize the detailed spin configurations that evolve in the presence of rotating magnetic fields. This is directly related to the two distinctive magnetic phases characterized by the reversal of the magnetic torque variation across the helix-to-fan transition. Our advanced approach provides an in-depth understanding of the anisotropic properties of noncollinear-type antiferromagnets and a useful guidance for potential applications in spin-processing functionalities.
SDDNet: Infrared small and dim target detection network
Authors: Long Ma , Cong Shu , Shanshan Huang , Zoujian Wei , Xuhao Wang , Yanxi Wei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study focuses on developing deep learning methods for small and dim target detection. We model infrared images as the union of the target region and background region. Based on this model, the target detection problem is considered a two‐class segmentation problem that divides an image into the target and background. Therefore, a neural network called SDDNet for single‐frame images is constructed. The network yields target extraction results according to the original images. For multiframe images, a network called IC‐SDDNet, a combination of SDDNet and an interframe correlation network module is constructed. SDDNet and IC‐SDDNet achieve target detection rates close to 1 on typical datasets with very low false positives, thereby performing significantly better than current methods. Both models can be executed end to end, so both are very convenient to use, and their implementation efficiency is very high. Average speeds of 540+/230+ FPS and 170+/60+ FPS are achieved with SDDNet and IC‐SDDNet on a single Tesla V100 graphics processing unit and a single Jetson TX2 embedded module respectively. Additionally, neither network needs to use future information, so both networks can be directly used in real‐time systems. The well‐trained models and codes used in this study are available at https://github.com/LittlePieces/ObjectDetection.
Probabilistic/information gap decision theory‐based bilevel optimal management for multi‐carrier network by aggregating energy communities
Authors: Dorahaki Sobhan , Rashidinejad Masoud , Ardestani Seyed Farshad Fatemi , Abdollahi Amir , Salehizadeh Mohammad Reza 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEnergy communities are one of the vital puzzle pieces of future smart cities. This paper proposes a novel structure for a sustainable smart city by integrating energy communities in a multi‐carrier energy network. Each energy community has a manager; the so‐called Energy Community Managers (ECM), who trades energy with the upstream Multi‐Carrier Network Operator (MCNO). On the other hand, MCNO participates in the upstream energy markets to satisfy the demands of energy communities by maximizing its own profit. Therefore, ECMs and MCNO should solve a bilevel optimization problem associated with some common variables at both levels such as: energy carrier price and the amount of energy carrier exchange. In fact, MCNO is the leader and ECMs are the followers of such a bilevel optimization problem. Strong duality is employed to convert the bilevel optimization into a single level, while uncertainties are modelled by information gap decision theory and a scenario‐based approach. Sensitivity analysis shows that the thermal energy selling price and the gas buying price are the most crucial influencing on the profit of MCNO by 3.22% and −3.91%, respectively. Furthermore, the obtained results indicate that the risk attitude of the multi‐carrier energy network operator has a critical role in the total profit.
A new framework for understanding the evolution of early-type galaxies
Authors: D’Onofrio M. , Chiosi C. 
Published: January 2023

Context. We have recently suggested that the combination of the scalar virial theorem (Ms ∝ Reσ2) and the L = L0′σβ law, with L0′ and β changing from galaxy to galaxy (and with time), can provide a new set of equations valid for investigating the evolution of early-type galaxies. These equations are able to account for the tilt of the fundamental plane and to explain the observed distributions of early-type galaxies in all its projections.
Aims. In this paper we analyze the advantages offered by these equations, derive the β and L0′ parameters for real and simulated galaxies, and demonstrate that depending on the value of β galaxies can move only along some permitted directions in the fundamental plane projections. Then we show that simple galaxy models that grow in mass by infall of gas and form stars with a star formation rate depending on the stellar velocity dispersion nicely reproduce the observed distributions of early-type galaxies in the fundamental plane projections and yield βs that agree with the measured values.
Methods. We derive the mutual relationships among the stellar mass, effective radius, velocity dispersion, and luminosity of early-type galaxies as a function of β and calculate the coefficients of the fundamental plane. Then, using the simple infall models, we show that the star formation history of early-type galaxies is compatible with the σ-dependent star formation rate, and that both positive and negative values of β are possible in a standard theory of galaxy evolution.
Results. The parameter β(t) offers a new view of the evolution of early-type galaxies. In brief, it gives a coherent interpretation of the fundamental plane and of the motions of galaxies in its projections; it is the fingerprint of their evolution; it measures the degree of virialization of early-type galaxies; and finally it allows us to infer their evolution in the near past.
Of rats and rocks: using pre-clinical PET imaging facilities in core analysis
Authors: Brattekås Bergit , Fernø Martin A. , Haugen Malin , Føyen Tore , Steinsbø Marianne , Graue Arne , Brekke Njål , Holm Adamsen Tom Christian , Rygh Cecilie Brekke , Espedal Heidi 
Published: January 2023

Positron emission tomography (PET) is routinely used for medical imaging; a current surge in published geoscientific research utilizing this modality also infer increasing interest for in-situ PET imaging in core analysis. Excellent signal to noise ratio coupled with high temporal and spatial resolution suggest that PET might become the new method-of-choice for core analysis. Obstacles related to production, transfer and handling of radioactive fluids and gases must, however, be dealt with for PET to become a widely used core scale imaging technique. This paper describes an ongoing, true multidisciplinary collaboration, where pre-clinical PET imaging facilities are routinely used in core analysis to investigate dynamic fluid flow at high pressure conditions. We detail challenges and opportunities related to porous media research in established pre-clinical laboratory facilities designed for small-animal imaging, and demonstrate the significant potential of PET imaging in core scale analysis in a context related to long-term porous media carbon storage.
Explicit imaging of several fluid phases is possible by PET imaging using a range of readily available radiotracers. Relevant radiotracers to carbon storage in porous media are e.g. the carbon radioisotope 11C and water-soluble tracer 18F. These are both short-lived tracers (20 - 110 min) and must be used in high doses of radiation, which present challenges related to safe transfer and handling. Although there are several obstacles to conduct advanced core analysis in hospital imaging facilities (some of which are detailed in this paper), significant advantages include trained personnel on-site to operate a local cyclotron, procedures in place to ensure safe and efficient transfer of short-lived radiopharmaceuticals from the cyclotron, and advanced image analysis capabilities available. Cyclotrons are widely available worldwide (currently more than 1200 operating cyclotrons), often located in close proximity to medical and pre-clinical imaging facilities and academic institutions. Similar collaborations may therefore also be possible elsewhere, reducing the need for allocated geophysical PET-scanners and lowering the threshold for routinely using PET imaging in core analysis.
Clinical Signs for Differential Diagnosis of Eyelid Tumours
Authors: Kopecky Adam , Rokohl Alexander Christopher , Gaca Piotr Jakub , Matos Philomena A. Wawer , Nemcansky Jan , Heindl Ludwig M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article aims to present the differential diagnostics of benign and malignant eyelid tumours. The most common malignant eyelid tumour is basal cell carcinoma, followed by squamous cell
carcinoma. The common signs of malignity are loss of lashes, ulceration, and infiltration of the lesion. Often the clinical appearance is various and therefore only a histological analysis
gives the proper diagnosis. For most tumours, surgical resection is the gold standard of therapy. The reconstruction of the defects should be performed by an experienced oculoplastic
surgeon. In malignant tumours that require large safety margins, the defect can be easily very large, and the reconstruction must then be performed with advanced ophthalmic plastic
reconstruction techniques.
Index
Authors: Wang Yong , Zhou Ruhong 
Published: January 2023

Biomolecular modeling and simulation are becoming increasingly crucial for understanding the microscopic biological world with high time and spatial recognition. A Practical Guide to Recent Advances in Multiscale Modeling and Simulation of Biomolecules offers guidance for advanced multiscale modeling and machine learning-aided molecular simulations. The book provides reproducible, step-by-step instructions on the scripts and codes needed to complete the simulations. It offers readers tips, tricks, and troubleshooting advice for the reader's real-life challenges.
Topics in this book focus on the latest developments and:Provide an overview of current methods and techniquesServe as a tutorial and an in-depth historical record of the topicContain step-by-step instructions for the methods used in molecular modeling and simulation of biomolecules
A Practical Guide to Recent Advances in Multiscale Modeling and Simulation of Biomolecules is a key resource for students and researchers in biology, biophysics, biochemistry, and computational chemistry.
How did you break that?
Authors: Cacioli Caterina , Vernillo Paola 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCross-linguistic research has brought extensive evidence on how languages differ in their categorization of actions and events, pointing out the differences in the semantic categories they establish, their boundaries and their degree of granularity with respect to the variety of events they refer to. Verbs describing breaking events vary in terms of generality or specificity of the action description (e.g., breaking or snapping a twig) or salience of specific semantic components characterising the event (e.g.,smashbeing associated with violent destruction) and the same event can be construed differently within the same language (e.g.,crack/break an egg). In this article we set out to explore the semantic boundaries of verbs describing breaking events within and between languages. We propose a new methodology combining corpora and a video ontology, using verb pairs generally regarded as translation equivalents in bilingual dictionaries. The study contributes to research on semantic categorization and verbs correspondences between Italian and English.
A review of Ga2O3 deep-ultraviolet metal–semiconductor Schottky photodiodes
Authors: Liu Zeng , Tang Weihua 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Deep-ultraviolet (DUV) photodetectors are fundamental building blocks in many solid-state DUV optoelectronics, and their success relies on continuous innovations in semiconductor materials and the physics of device structures. Overcoming the technological obstacles in narrow-bandgap silicon-based optoelectronics (photodetectors and photonics), the wide-bandgap semiconductor attracted much attention when used in a DUV photodetector, among which gallium oxide is a typical representative material benefiting from its promising physical and chemical properties in nature, especially for its energy bandgap around 4.5–5.2 eV for its five phases (α, β, γ, ϵ, and δ). It responds to DUV light irradiation without the need to adjust the component in compounds and/or add external optical instruments, as with some compound semiconductors (Al
x
Ga1−x
N, Mg
x
Zn1−x
O, etc.) According to literature reports on Ga2O3-based photodetectors, the device morphology includes a metal–semiconductor–metal photodetector, homojunction or heterojunction photodetector, phototransistor, and Schottky photodiode. Notably, the Schottky photodiode with a rectified Schottky junction has the advantages of easy fabrication, fast photoresponse, less high-temperature diffusion, low dark current, high detectivity, and self-powered operation; however, its weaknesses include its thin depletion layer and low barrier at the metal–semiconductor interface. Therefore, in this concise literature review article, the recent progress of Ga2O3-based Schottky photodiodes is discussed in order to show some suggestions on the choice of Schottky metal, interfacial barrier modulation, space electric field adjustment, energy band engineering, and photodetection performance improvement, with the aim of promoting the further development of DUV photodetection in the near future.