bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysregulated cholesterol metabolism, aberrant excitability and altered cell cycle of astrocytes in fragile X syndrome
Authors: Ren Baiyan , Burkovetskaya Maria , Jung Yoosun , Bergdolt Lara , Totusek Steven , Martinez‐Cerdeno Veronica , Stauch Kelly , Korade Zeljka , Dunaevsky Anna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFragile X syndrome (FXS), the most prevalent heritable form of intellectual disability, is caused by the transcriptional silencing of theFMR1gene. While neuronal contribution to FXS has been extensively studied in both animal and human‐based models of FXS, the roles of astrocytes, a type of glial cells in the brain, are largely unknown. Here, we generated a human‐based FXS model via differentiation of astrocytes from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and characterized their development, function, and proteomic profiles. We identified shortened cell cycle, enhanced Ca2+signaling, impaired sterol biosynthesis, and pervasive alterations in the proteome of FXS astrocytes. Our work identified astrocytic impairments that could contribute to the pathogenesis of FXS and highlight astrocytes as a novel therapeutic target for FXS treatment.
Effects of chemical reaction and thermal radiation on MHD free convective flow of micro polar fluid past an infinite moving vertical porous plate with viscous dissipation
Authors: Appidi Lakshmi , Kumar P. Pramod , Matta Sweta , Malga Bala Siddulu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article discusses the impact of chemical reaction and radiation on an unstable two‐dimensional laminar flow around a viscous fluid over a semi‐infinite, vertical absorbent surface that moves progressively. The governing classification of partial differentiation was converted into an ordinary differentiation system in this case. To get numerical solutions, the Galerkin finite element technique is applied to nondimensional velocity, micro‐rotation, temperature, and concentration profiles. The consequences of skin friction, the combined pressure quantity, the mass, and heat assignments at the boundary are formed using different fluid properties and flow conditions. Physical quantities and their effects Graphs depict the radiation parameter R, thermal conductivity k, Eckert number Ec, and other velocities, micro‐rotation, temperature, and concentration factors. The main findings of this current problem is showing the chemical reaction effects on velocity and concentration. It is observed that both the velocity and concentration of the fluid decrease when Kr increases.
Thermorheological effect on Rayleigh–Bénard magnetoconvection in a biviscous Bingham fluid with rough boundary condition on velocity and Robin boundary condition on temperature
Authors: Nandal Reena , Siddheshwar P. G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe thermorheological effect on the onset of Rayleigh–Bénard convection in a biviscous Bingham fluid in the presence of a horizontal magnetic field is investigated considering rough boundary conditions on velocity and Robin boundary conditions on temperature. The viscosity of the electrically conducting fluid is assumed to be sensitive to temperature variation. Linear and global nonlinear stability analyses are performed using the Chebyshev pseudospectral method to determine the existence of instability or otherwise. A general interpretation is made from the results to show the effects of the magnetic field and the variable viscosity on the system's stability. The biviscous Bingham parameter and the Chandrasekhar number are shown to have a delay in the onset of convection, while the effect of temperature sensitivity is to advance the onset. It is found that the results of linear and global nonlinear stability are not in agreement, so the region of subcritical instability exists. Also, the results obtained for Rayleigh–Bénard convection agree pretty well with those of Platten and Legros and Siddheshwar et al. for the limiting cases.
Structural‐functional unit ordering for high‐performance electron‐correlated materials
Authors: Peng Guyang , Hu Lei , Qu Wanbo , Zhang Chenglong , Li Shurong , Liu Ziyu , Liu Juncheng , Guo Shengwu , Xiao Yu , Gao Zhibing , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Yang , Wu Haijun , Pennycook Stephen J. , Sun Jun , Ding Xiangdong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectron‐correlated materials have been drawing ever‐increasing attention due to their fascinating physical behaviors and extensive application scenarios. In this review, a new method for material research and design (R&D), named structural‐functional unit ordering (SFU ordering), which is presented, overcomes the shortcomings—for example, the limitation of finite chemical elements and long R&D circle‐of conventional strategy and thus provides guidance for the design of these high‐performance functional materials on demand. Meanwhile, with the development of material characterization technologies, SFUs of different scales and types can be directly observed, which, moreover, regulate the corresponding orderings. The review, starts with an introduction of the profile for SFU ordering and the synergistic effect between SFUs. Then, studies on several new high‐performance electronic‐correlated materials, for example, a ferromagnetic semiconductor with local spin, ferromagnetic metals with spin topologies, ferroelectric thin films with polar topologies, piezoelectric thin films with nanopillars enclosed by charged boundaries, thermoelectric materials with local ferromagnetic nanoparticles and topotactic phase transformation with conducting nanofilaments are stated in detail one by one. The vital aspect is the breaking of local symmetry, the construction, the structure, of SFUs and their orderings existing or theoretically existing, together with the enhanced/new performance. All in all, the main comments of the review tend to the remaining challenges, promising design approaches for the SFUs, and their orderings for high‐performance functional materials.
Performance evaluation of 67 denoising filters in ultrasound images: A systematic comparison analysis
Authors: Ardakani Ali Abbasian , Mohammadi Afshin , Faeghi Fariborz , Acharya U. Rajendra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNoise corrupts ultrasound images and degrades spatial and contrast resolutions. Hence, it is challenging to characterize the lesions precisely using ultrasound images. The present study aims to evaluate 67 denoising filters and select the best one for ultrasound image denoising. Seven test images were synthesized to evaluate the performance of filters at three different noise levels. Eleven full‐reference quantitative image quality metrics (IQMs) were employed to evaluate the performance of the filters. A new filter evaluation method, Rank Analysis, was introduced and utilized at each noise level. The ten best filters with the smallest mean rank in all noise levels were defined for further analysis on real ultrasound images. The Rank Analysis was also employed for real ultrasound images, and filters were evaluated based on 14 IQMs (11 full‐reference and three no‐reference). Finally, the best filter was defined using the repeated measures analysis statistical test. According to the Rank Analysis results, the Spatial correlation (SCorr) filter obtained the best results with the mean rank scores±SD of 1 ± 0, which was significantly better than the other nine filters (p < 0.001). The second‐best results were achieved by three filters, Bitonic, most homogeneous neighborhood, and Lee diffusion (p < 0.05). We concluded that SCorr is the best filter for ultrasound image denoising. It can be used in the pre‐processing step before segmentation and diagnostic procedures. In addition, a new filter evaluation method, Rank Analysis, was introduced in this study, which is easy to use, fast, and provides reliable results. So, it can be used to evaluate newly developed filters in the future studies.
Validation study for in vitro skin irritation test using reconstructed human skin equivalents constructed by layer‐by‐layer cell coating technology
Authors: Akagi Takami , Yamada Tomomi , Miyazaki Hiromi , Taguchi Hiroyuki , Ikeda Hidefumi , Katoh Masakazu , Mura Simona , Couvreur Patrick , Chetprayoon Paninee , Maniratanachote Rawiwan , Yoshida Hiroaki , Ajiro Hiroharu , Hashimoto Koji , Ashikaga Takao , Kojima Hajime , Akashi Mitsuru 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study is to validate an in vitro skin irritation test (SIT) using three‐dimensional reconstructed human epidermal (RhE) skin equivalents prepared by layer‐by‐layer (LbL) method (LbL‐3D Skin) in a series of interlaboratory studies. The goal of these validation studies is to evaluate the ability of this in vitro test to reliably discriminate skin irritant from nonirritant chemicals, as defined by OECD and UN GHS. This me‐too validation study is to assess the within‐ and between‐laboratory reproducibility, as well as the predictive capacity, of the LbL‐3D Skin SIT in accordance with performance standards for OECD TG 439. The developed skin model, LbL‐3D Skin had a highly differentiated epidermis and dermis, similar to the validated reference methods (VRM) and native human skin. The quality parameters (cell survival in controls, tissue integrity, and barrier function) were similar to VRM and in accordance with OECD TG 439. The LbL‐3D Skin SIT validation study was performed by three participating laboratories and consisted of three independent tests using 20 reference chemicals. The results obtained with the LbL‐3D Skin demonstrated high within‐laboratory and between‐laboratory reproducibility, as well as high accuracy for use as a stand‐alone assay to distinguish skin irritants from nonirritants. The predictive potency of LbL‐3D Skin SIT using total 54 test chemicals were comparable to those in other RhE models in OECD TG 439. The validation study demonstrated that LbL‐3D Skin has proven to be a robust and reliable method for predicting skin irritation.
Identification of GNAS Variants in Circulating Cell‐Free DNA from Patients with Fibrous Dysplasia/McCune Albright Syndrome
Authors: Roszko Kelly L. , Guthrie Lori , Li Xiaobai , Collins Michael T. , de Castro Luis F. , Boyce Alison M. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTFibrous dysplasia/McCune‐Albright syndrome (FD/MAS) is a rare mosaic bone and endocrine disorder. Although most variants affect the GNAS R201 codon, obtaining a genetic diagnosis is difficult because not all cells harbor the variant, and an invasive biopsy may be required. We explored the presence of GNAS p.R201 variants in blood circulating cell free DNA (ccfDNA) using sensitive techniques of digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (ddPCR) and competitive allele‐specific TaqMan PCR (castPCR) in an effort to improve the genetic diagnosis of FD/MAS. We isolated ccfDNA from the plasma of 66 patients with a wide range of disease severity and performed both ddPCR and castPCR mutation analysis to search for GNAS p.R201H or R201C variants. We detected R201 variants in ccfDNA samples of 41 of 66 (62.1%) patients by either castPCR or ddPCR, and 45 of 66 (68.2%) of patients if the techniques were combined. Variant detection was more likely in patients with more severe disease. Skeletal disease burden score (SBS) was significantly higher in patients who had detectable variants, and SBS was a predictor of variant allele frequency. By ddPCR analysis, patients aged ≤30 years had higher detection rates, and higher variant allele frequencies, independent of disease burden. We detected variant DNA in only one patient with monostotic FD by ddPCR only. In summary, we have demonstrated that ccfDNA containing variant GNAS can be isolated from the plasma of patients with FD/MAS and that ddPCR and castPCR methods have similar variant detection rates. This methodology represents an important potential advancement in diagnosis for patients with FD/MAS, especially those younger than 30 years or with more severe disease. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Protocatechuic acid reverses myocardial infarction mediated by β‐adrenergic agonist via regulation of Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway, inflammatory, apoptotic, and fibrotic events
Authors: Li Li , Ma Hua , Zhang Yichong , Jiang Haitao , Xia Bihua , Sberi Hassan Al , Elhefny Mohamed A. , Lokman Maha S. , Kassab Rami B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI) is an instant ischemic death of cardiomyocytes that remains a major global cause of mortalities. MI is accompanied by oxidative, inflammatory, apoptotic, and fibrotic insults. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a polyphenolic compound with various potent biological activities. In this study, we explored the possible cardioprotective role of PCA against isoproterenol (ISO)‐mediated MI. Rats were either injected with ISO (85 mg/kg, subcutaneously) or pretreated with PCA (100 or 200 mg/kg, orally). PCA supplementation markedly normalized ISO‐induced disturbed cardiac function markers (creatine kinase‐MB, lactate dehydrogenase, and troponin T). Notably, PCA administration exerted remarkable increases in glutathione and its derived enzymes, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, as well as decreases in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels in the injured cardiac tissue. The molecular findings validated the augmented cellular antioxidative capacity by PCA via increasing the gene expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 and heme oxygenase‐1. The cardioprotective efficacy of PCA extended to suppress cardiac inflammation as demonstrated by the decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, interleukin‐1 beta, and nuclear factor kappa B. Additionally, PCA prevented cardiomyocyte loss and fibrosis by decreasing Bax, caspase‐3, transforming growth factor‐β1 and matrix metalloproteinase‐9, and enhancing B‐cell lymphoma 2 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase‐3. The cardiac histological screening further confirmed the PCA's protective action. The obtained data recommend PCA as an alternative therapeutic agent to attenuate the molecular, biochemical, and histological alterations associated with MI development.
Synthesis and characterization of ternary nanocomposites of TiO2/rGO/CdS as an efficient catalyst for photo‐degradation of methyl orange
Authors: Ramesh Subramanian , Punithamoorthy Kaliaperumal 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNovel ternary composite photocatalysts have been successfully prepared by TiO₂ nanofibers, reduced graphene oxide, and CdS nanoparticles (TiO₂/rGO/CdS) by using electrospinning technique with easy chemical methods. The structures and their properties are examined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and field‐emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The structural characterization of the composite reveals that pure TiO₂ NFs and CdS NPs crystalline very well and the reduced graphene oxide is tightly composed with TiO₂ NFs and CdS Nps. The photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) under UV light illumination is significantly enhanced compared with that of bare materials. This ternary composite degrades methyl orange within 75 min. The enhanced photocatalytic degradation performance resulted from effective separation of e–h pairs with rGO sheets and also contributed for high rate degradation efficiency. This novel ternary composite has a potential application of wastewater purification and utilization for energy conversions.
Genetic variations of antioxidant genes and their association with male infertility in Vietnamese men
Authors: Bach Huy Anh , Vu Phuong Nhung , Ma Thi Huyen Thuong , Nguyen Hai Ha , Tran Duc Phan , Bui Minh Duc , Nong Van Hai , Nguyen Dang Ton 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAntioxidant genes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), play critical roles in spermatogenesis and sperm functions. Polymorphisms of antioxidant genes have been shown to be strongly associated with sperm quality which affects male fertility.MethodsTo investigate the association of antioxidant gene polymorphisms to male infertility in Vietnamese men, in this case–control study, using Sanger sequencing, we genotyped four variants SOD1:7958G>A, SOD2:c.47T>C, CAT:‐262C>T, and NOS3:‐786C>T.Results and ConclusionsWe identified SOD1:7958GA genotype and NOS3:‐786CT genotype in the infertility group were significantly higher than in the control with OR = 2.191 (95% CI: 1.226–3.915, p = 0.004) and OR = 3.135 (95% CI: 1.591–6.180, p < 0.001), respectively. We also detected that the frequency of the SOD2:c.47TC genotype was significantly higher in the male infertility group than in fertile men (OR = 1.941, 95% CI: 1.063–3.595, p = 0.029). Gene–gene interactions between the SNPs of SOD1, SOD2, and CAT might increase the risk of male infertility patients. In particular, patients carrying the SOD1:GA+AA, SOD2:TC+CC, and CAT:CT/TT genotype pattern have an increased risk of male infertility (OR = 7.614, p = 0.007). To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the association between the SOD1:7958G>A polymorphism and male infertility. Further studies with larger sample sizes and more genes are needed to better assess the association between variants of antioxidant genes and male infertility.
Dynamic release of neuronal extracellular vesicles containing miR‐21a‐5p is induced by hypoxia
Authors: Korvenlaita Nea , Gómez‐Budia Mireia , Scoyni Flavia , Pistono Cristiana , Giudice Luca , Eamen Shaila , Loppi Sanna , de Sande Ana Hernández , Huremagic Benjamin , Bouvy‐Liivrand Maria , Heinäniemi Merja , Kaikkonen Minna U. , Cheng Lesley , Hill Andrew F. , Kanninen Katja M. , Jenster Guido W. , van Royen Martin E. , Ramiro Laura , Montaner Joan , Batkova Tereza , Mikulik Robert , Giugno Rosalba , Jolkkonen Jukka , Korhonen Paula , Malm Tarja 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHypoxia induces changes in the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in several non‐neuronal cells and pathological conditions. EVs are packed with biomolecules, such as microRNA(miR)‐21‐5p, which respond to hypoxia. However, the true EV association of miR‐21‐5p, and its functional or biomarker relevance, are inadequately characterised. Neurons are extremely sensitive cells, and it is not known whether the secretion of neuronal EVs and miR‐21‐5p are altered upon hypoxia. Here, we characterised the temporal EV secretion profile and cell viability of neurons under hypoxia. Hypoxia induced a rapid increase of miR‐21a‐5p secretion in the EVs, which preceded the elevation of hypoxia‐induced tissue or cellular miR‐21a‐5p. Prolonged hypoxia induced cell death and the release of morphologically distinct EVs. The EVs protected miR‐21a‐5p from enzymatic degradation but a remarkable fraction of miR‐21a‐5p remained fragile and non‐EV associated. The increase in miR‐21a‐5p secretion may have biomarker potential, as high blood levels of miR‐21‐5p in stroke patients were associated with significant disability at hospital discharge. Our data provides an understanding of the dynamic regulation of EV secretion from neurons under hypoxia and provides a candidate for the prediction of recovery from ischemic stroke.
The foaming properties of sweet potato protein hydrolysates produced by Alcalase and Ficin
Authors: Gao Jingrong , Tang Zhong‐Sheng , He Shan , Powell Warwick , Brennan Charles S 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe processing of sweet potatoes generates a waste by‐product rich in sweet potato protein (SPP).OBJECTIVEIn this study, the effects of the concentrations of Alcalase and Ficin, hydrolysis time and pH value on the foaming properties of SPP hydrolysates (SPPHs) determined via gas sparging method were investigated.RESULTSThe results showed that SPPH prepared by Alcalase exhibited a significantly higher foaming expansion (the highest of 576%) than that of the SPP (462%) but displayed a weaker liquid volume stability compared with SPPH hydrolyzed by Ficin. The molecular weight of SPPH prepared by Alcalase was distributed in 10–30 kDa. A good microbiological quality of the SPPH prepared by Alcalase in pH 13 has been confirmed, and it is suitable for food application with respect to its microbiological safety profile.CONCLUSIONSSPPH (pH 13) could be further safely applied in food, especially as a food additive at low concentrations to create a better organic plant‐based foaming agent for the food industry. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The journey back to normality: Support systems and posttrauma needs following exposure to single‐incident trauma among children and adolescents
Authors: Haag Katharina , Hiller Rachel , McGuire Rosie , Lyttle Mark , Halligan Sarah L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSocial support has been linked to posttrauma adjustment in children and adolescents, but the components of good support remain poorly defined. We conducted qualitative interviews with 30 youths aged 7–16 years after being admitted to a hospital following a single‐incident trauma, predominantly injury or illness. The aim was to identify youths’ support needs and examine the support they received across different recovery stages. Thematic analysis revealed that although participants appreciated increased attention and warm support during their hospital stay, most wanted their lives to return to normal soon afterward and were frustrated by barriers to achieving this. Participants received support from different sources, but parents and peers were the most important providers of emotional support and the people with whom these individuals most frequently engaged in trauma‐related conversations. Furthermore, although it was important that schools were sensitive to the youths’ potential limitations regarding their ability to engage with lessons, emotional support from teachers was less valued. Overall, this study implies that ecological models incorporating multiple interacting layers capture the structure of youths’ posttrauma support systems well. These findings may be used to tailor posttrauma interventions more closely to child and adolescent needs at different recovery stages and highlight the importance of having parents and, where possible, peers involved in posttrauma interventions or prevention programs.
Applications of scanning ion conductance microscope in biomedical fields
Authors: Gong Xinrui , Fan Xinyuan , Huang Yiming , Du Yuqi , Wang Xiaoyu , Liu Xiaoyu , He Zhiyao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractScanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is a scanning probe technique to reflect the surface morphology of the sample with the probe's motion trajectory through measuring the current between the probe and the surface of the sample. Since the surface of the sample can be scanned noncontact and the morphological characteristics of the living cell can be obtained under physiological conditions, SICM is particularly important in the field of biomedicine. SICM has strong potentials in various applications, such as the real‐time and high‐resolution imaging of living cells, monitoring the volume and movements of living cells. In addition, SICM combines with various technologies such as patch clamp and nanopipette to study the physical properties of cells. Furthermore, using SICM to observe cell and tissue structure provides more directions for studying the mechanism of disease. This review briefly introduces the principles and imaging modes of SICM and outlines the recent applications and development of SICM in biomedical research. We also introduce the limitations of the existing SICM technology and make a perspective on its future development.