bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doping of Laser‐Induced Graphene and Its Applications
Authors: Zhang Qiwen , Zhang Fangyi , Liu Xing , Yue Zengji , Chen Xi , Wan Zhengfen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLaser‐induced graphene (LIG) has attracted extensive attention owing to its facile preparation of graphene and direct engraving patterns for devices. Various applications are demonstrated such as sensors, supercapacitors, electrocatalysis, batteries, antimicrobial, oil and water separation, solar cells, and heaters. In recent years, doping has been employed as a significant strategy to modulate the properties of LIG and thereby improve the performance of LIG devices. Due to the patternable manufacture, controllable morphologies, and the synergistic effect of doped atoms and graphene, the doped LIG devices exhibit a high sensitivity of sensing, pseudocapacitance performance, and biological antibacterial. This paper reviews the latest novel research progress of heteroatom and nanoparticles doped LIG in synthesis, properties, and applications. The fabrications of LIG and typical doping approaches are presented. Special attention is paid to two doping processes of LIG: the one‐step laser irradiation method and the two‐step laser modification consisting of deposition, drop‐casting, and duplicated laser pyrolysis. Doped LIG applications with improved performance are mainly highlighted. Taking advantage of doped LIG's properties and device performances will provide excellent opportunities for developing artificial intelligence, data storage, energy, health, and environmental applications.
N‐shape pressure drop curve of gas–liquid microchannel reactor and modeling
Authors: Sheng Lin , Wang Junjie , Chang Yu , Deng Jian , Luo Guangsheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAccurate prediction of gas–liquid pressure drop is essential to microreactors design; however, the understanding of general rules of pressure drop in a wide gas–liquid flow ratio, especially smaller than 1.0, remains insufficient, Accordingly, this work systematically studies the pressure drop rule within the gas–liquid flow ratio of 0.2–2.0. The results show that, under a given gas velocity, the pressure drop first increases and then decreases, and finally back increases with the liquid flow velocity, and the named N‐shape pressure drop curve could be clearly observed. Besides, the rules of gas–liquid unit length and gas‐phase holdup are explored to reveal the mechanism behind the N‐shape pressure drop curve. Finally, three semi‐empirical correlations based on the gas–liquid unit length and separated flow model are successfully proposed for the N‐shape pressure drop. This work provides some important fundamental information for the reliable design of gas–liquid microreactors.
Prevalence of workplace violence against young workers in the United States
Authors: Rauscher Kimberly , Casteel Carri , Davis Jonathan , Myers Douglas , Peek‐Asa Corinne 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundWorkers under the age of 25 may be at particular risk for workplace violence, given their predominant employment in the high‐risk retail and service industries. Little research exists, however, that estimates the scope of the problem within this population. To fill this gap, we conducted the first national study of workplace violence against young people in the United States.MethodsWe analyzed survey data collected via telephone interview from a national sample of 1031 young workers ages 14 through 24 who held a formal job in the last 12 months. Weighted frequencies were calculated and χ2 tests of significance were used to detect differences between groups.ResultsMany youth experience workplace violence (60%). Verbal abuse of the sort that made victims feel scared and unsafe (53%) and sexual harassment (24%) were the most commonly reported forms of violence. Females were more likely than males to experience workplace violence overall (p < 0.001) and sexual harassment (p < 0.001) in particular. Males were more likely to experience verbal abuse (p < 0.001). Workplace violence was most prevalent among workers in healthcare settings and eating and drinking places. The occupation with the highest prevalence of workplace violence was customer service.ConclusionsWorkplace violence is common among young workers in the United States and more widespread than prior estimates have suggested. This study is the first to provide a true national prevalence estimate of the problem of workplace violence among young workers ages 14 to 24 in the United States. These findings should be used to locate areas of concern and target resources where they are needed most to address this significant problem.
Inherent flame‐retardant vinyl ester resins with improved heat resistance enabled by additional P/N‐containing cross‐linking points
Authors: Qiu Mei , Chen Xi , Wang Jun , Wang Jingsheng , Chen Kaiwen , Yang Shuang , Huo Siqi , Wang Hao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDue to the plasticizing effect, the phosphorus‐derived flame retardants often imparted flame retardancy to thermosetting resins at the expense of heat resistance. To address this issue, the phosphorous/nitrogen flame retardant (DOPO‐TGIC) and 4,4′‐diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI) were covalently introduced into the cross‐linked network of vinyl ester resin (VER) by the reaction of the OH groups in DOPO‐TGIC and VER and the NCO groups in MDI. Thus, an intrinsically flame‐retardant VER was obtained. The as‐prepared VER sample exhibited increased glass‐transition temperature (Tg) relative to virgin VER sample because DOPO‐TGIC served as an additional cross‐linking point during curing. Meanwhile, the P/N‐containing VER sample featured superior flame‐retardant properties, with a UL‐94V‐0 classification. Compared with VER sample, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of the P/N‐containing VER sample were reduced by 55.6% and 44.0%, respectively. The improved flame retardancy was mainly due to the suppressed burning reaction in the gas phase and improved carbonization capacity in the condensed phase. Therefore, this work proposes a novel and effective strategy for addressing the trade‐off between Tg and flame retardancy of thermosetting resins.
Functional hierarchy of PCNA‐interacting motifs in DNA processing enzymes
Authors: Hamdan Samir M. , De Biasio Alfredo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNumerous eukaryotic DNA processing enzymes, such as DNA polymerases and ligases, bind the processivity factor PCNA, which acts as a platform to recruit and regulate the binding of enzymes to their DNA substrate. Multiple PCNA‐interacting motifs (PIPs) are present in these enzymes, but their individual structural and functional role has been a matter of debate. Recent cryo‐EM reconstructions of high‐fidelity DNA polymerase Pol δ (Pol δ), translesion synthesis DNA polymerase κ (Pol κ) and Ligase 1 (Lig1) bound to a DNA substrate and PCNA demonstrate that the critical interaction with PCNA involves the internal PIP proximal to the catalytic domain. The ancillary PIPs, located in long disordered regions, are instead invisible in the reconstructions, and appear to function as flexible tethers when the enzymes fall off the DNA. In this review, we discuss the recent structural advancements and propose a functional hierarchy for the PIPs in Pol δ, Pol κ, and Lig1.
Seeking safety intervention for comorbid post‐traumatic stress and substance use disorder: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Sherman Athena D. F. , Balthazar Monique , Zhang Wenhui , Febres‐Cordero Sarah , Clark Kristen D. , Klepper Meredith , Coleman Mercy , Kelly Ursula 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProblem statementSeeking Safety (SS) is a widely implemented cognitive‐behavioral therapy for comorbid post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD). It is a present‐focused coping skills model that is highly flexible, with varied methods of delivery, to maximize acceptability and client access. The purpose of this meta‐analysis is to examine the effect of SS on comorbid PTSD and SUD across randomized control trials (RCTs). In addition, ours is the first meta‐analysis to examine the dose‐response of SS by comparing delivery of all 25 SS topics versus fewer.Methods and designArticles published before January 2, 2023 (CINAHL n = 16, PsycINFO n = 31, MEDLINE n = 27, Cochrane n = 38, and Scopus n = 618) were searched. Seven studies were included for meta‐analysis and dose‐response analysis.ResultsBased on effect sizes (ES), meta‐analysis revealed that SS has a medium group, time (p = .04), and time by group effect on substance use per the Addiction Severity Index at 3 months and a small effect on Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale scores by group, a large effect by time, and a medium time by group (p = .002) effect at 6 months. Based on the pooled ES examining various measures across multiple timepoints, SS had small to medium effects on substance use by time, group, or time by group and medium to large effects on PTSD symptoms by time, group, or time by group (except for the group effect at 3‐month follow‐up). Significant effects were found for substance use by time at 3 and 6 months and for PTSD postintervention, at 6 months and 9 months by group, time, and time by group while only by time at 3 months. Meta‐regression revealed that partial dose versions of SS generally function as well as the full dose version of SS when observing long‐term effects (greater than 3 months).DiscussionFindings suggest SS has merit in treating PTSD symptoms and SUD. Based on the summarized effect sizes, SS appears more effective in reducing PTSD than substance use, which converges with the larger treatment outcome literature that consistently finds this. We explore reasons that treatment of SUD is more challenging than treating PTSD and offer suggestions for practitioners. We emphasize the need for future studies to utilize common measures and provide full details of treatment delivery for optimal comparison across studies.
A second‐generation CD38‐CAR‐T cell for the treatment of multiple myeloma
Authors: Li Hongwen , Li Jing , Wu Jiazhuo , Shi Zhuangzhuang , Gao Yuyang , Song Wenting , Li Jiwei , Li Zhaoming , Zhang Mingzhi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) is an aggressive plasma cell malignancy, causing a number of deaths worldwide every year. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) transduced T‐cell therapy has been a promising immunotherapy against hematological malignancies.MethodsIn this study, we developed a second‐generation CAR construct and generated CAR‐T cells targeting CD38 molecule. Then effects of CAR‐T cells against MM cell lines were evaluated.ResultsCD38‐CAR‐T cells showed higher cytotoxicity to MM cell lines and primary MM cells than that of control T cells in vitro. Over 50% MM1.s and RPMI8226 cells were killed by CAR‐T cells even at effector to target ratio of 1:100. CAR‐T cells also showed an enhanced cytotoxicity against primary MM cells. CAR‐T cells could be activated and produced a variety of cytokines in a target‐dependent manner. In vivo test indicated that CAR‐T cells also showed significant antitumor effect on xenograft mice models.ConclusionThese results indicated a promising therapeutic strategy of CD38‐CAR‐T cells against MM.
Safety and efficacy of GEMOX plus donafenib and tislelizumab as first‐line therapy for advanced epithelial malignant biliary tract cancer
Authors: Wang Longrong , Zhang Ning , Wang Yixiu , Zhang Ti , Zhu Weiping , Mao Anrong , Zhao Yiming , Wang Lu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimThis study was aimed to evaluate the safety and the efficacy of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin (GEMOX) combined with donafenib plus tislelizumab as the first‐line treatment for patients with unresectable biliary tract cancer (BTC).MethodsThis is a prospective single‐center exploratory study. Eligible patients (Stage III/IV BTC, at least one measurable disease according to RECIST v1.1, etc.) received gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 IV Q3W, oxaliplatin 100 mg/m2 IV Q3W, donafenib 200 mg PO BID, and tislelizumab 200 mg IV Q3W until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal of consent whichever occurred first. The primary endpoint was safety and secondary endpoints included disease control rate (DCR), objective response rate (ORR), conversion rate, and overall survival (OS).ResultsA total of 13 patients were enrolled. The median follow‐up time was 420 days (range 345–487). The median duration of treatment was four cycles (range 1–15). The incidence of ≥Grade 3 treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs) was 53.8% and no Grade 5 TRAE. The most frequent Grade 3–4 TRAEs were rash (4/13, 30.8%), platelet count decreased (2/13, 15.4%), and fatigue (2/13, 15.4%). Tumor response was assessed in eight evaluable patients; ORR was 25.0% (95% CI, 3.2%–65.1%) and DCR 87.5% (95% CI, 47.3%–99.7%). The median PFS was 4.8 months (95% CI, 1.25‐NE). Three Stage III patients underwent subsequent surgery with a conversion rate of 23.1%. The median OS was not estimable.ConclusionsGEMOX combined with donafenib plus tislelizumab as the first‐line therapy for unresectable BTC showed manageable toxicity and encouraging efficacy especially in terms of promising conversion rate in Stage III patients.
Feasibility testing of a peer support programme for prisoners with common mental disorders and substance use
Authors: Thekkumkara Sreekanth , Jagannathan Aarti , Muliyala Krishna Prasad , Joseph Ambi , Murthy Pratima 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of mental disorders and substance use among prisoners is high. Convicted prisoners of ‘good behaviour’ can be part of a peer support system in prisons.AimTo evaluate the feasibility of a peer support programme for prisoners with common mental disorders and substance use in prison.MethodThe study used a mixed method research design, with a quasi‐experimental approach (single group pre‐post without control). It was conducted in two phases: Phase I. Thirty‐five peers/convicted prisoners were recruited through advertisements on the prisoners' community radio station. Volunteers with good behaviour reports were given training over 5 days to recognise mental and substance use disorders and provide basic peer support in prison; their attitudes and knowledge were tested before and after the training. Phase II. Feasibility of the peer support programme was tested by (i) recording the number of cases identified and referred, (ii) pre‐ and post‐evaluation of well‐being, coping, and symptom severity of those supported and (iii) evaluating qualitatively the experience of the peer supporters and service users.ResultsThirty‐five peer supporters identified 49 cases over 3 months. These cases showed significant improvement in well‐being (Z −1.962; p < 0.050) and reduction in symptom severity (Z −1.913; 0.056). There was a significant improvement in the peers supporters' self‐esteem from pre‐ to post‐training (t −3.31; p < 0.002), improvement in their benevolence (t −4.37; p < 0.001) and a significant reduction in their negative attitudes to mental illness (Z −3.518; p < 0.001). A thematic model of peer support encompassed self‐experienced benefits for the peer supporter, wider recognition of peer supporters in the prison, challenges to this kind of support, experience of training and visions for future work.ConclusionThe peer support programme was experienced positively by the peer‐supporters and supported. Common mental disorders, substance use and suicidality were recognised and appropriately referred. A full‐scale evaluation of this promising programme is warranted.
Design, Synthesis and Aromaticity of an Alternating Cyclo[4]Thiophene[4]Furan
Authors: Kawakami Manami , Sharma Dhruv , Varni Anthony J. , Tristram‐Nagle Stephanie , Yaron David , Kowalewski Tomasz , Noonan Kevin J. T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA new class of conjugated macrocycle, the cyclo[4]thiophene[4]furan hexyl ester (C4TE4FE), is reported. This cycle consists of alternating α‐linked thiophene‐3‐ester and furan‐3‐ester repeat units, and was prepared in a single step using Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling of a 2‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)furan monomer. The ester side groups help promote a syn conformation of the heterocycles, which enables formation of the macrocycle. Cyclic voltammetry studies revealed that C4TE4FE could undergo multiple oxidations, so treatment with SbCl5 resulted in formation of the [C4TE4FE]2+ dication. Computational work, paired with 1H NMR spectroscopy of the dication, revealed that the cycle becomes globally aromatic upon 2e− oxidation, as the annulene pathway along the outer ring becomes Hückel aromatic. The change in ring current for the cycle upon oxidation was clear from 1H NMR spectroscopy, as the protons of the thiophene and furan rings shifted downfield by nearly 6 ppm. This work highlights the potential of sequence control in furan‐based macrocycles to tune electronic properties.
The impact of creating shared value strategy on corporate sustainable development: From resources perspective
Authors: Li Wei‐jian , Zhu Wei , Wang Bin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPorter and Kramer abandoned the traditional view of trade‐offs and proposed the concept of “creating shared value”, which integrates social and environmental needs into a company's core business to improve both society and the environment while enhancing its competitiveness. Whether creating shared value strategy can achieve corporate sustainable development should be urgently investigated. With the resource‐dependence theory and resource‐based theory, the positive impacts of creating shared value strategy on corporate social, environmental, and financial performances are theoretically analyzed and empirically tested from the perspectives of resource provision and acquisition. In further analysis, the mechanism test based on “sharing value” suggests that creating shared value strategy can strengthen its competitiveness by fulfilling social and environmental responsibilities. The consequences test demonstrates that creating shared value strategy promotes the provision of technological resources and information resources, which is conducive to the acquisition of market resources, human resources, and capital resources.
Using tail current phase shift technique to improve locking range injection‐locked frequency divider
Authors: Ghonoodi Hojat , Modanlou Shahram , Hadjmohammadi Mahsa 
Published: April 2023

SummaryIn this article, an injection‐locked frequency divider (ILFD) is presented. By assuming the maximum phase of the tank current, we obtain a relation for the lock range. Besides, the effects of parasitic capacitors on the lock range have been probed. The analysis shows that the greater the phase difference between the tail current and injected signal, the phase of the tank current increases and, consequently, the lock range also increases. The accomplished simulations confirm the correct performance of the proposed design and the extracted relationships. The simulations have been CMOS technology and with a 0.9‐V supply voltage. The results show that the current consumption equals 3.7 mA and the power consumption equals 3.33 mW. The proposed ILFD lock range with phase shift technique with power input signal 0 dBm is equal to 5.1 GHz (3.6–8.7 GHz), and the relative percentage of the lock range is also 83%.
Warming increases survival and asexual fitness in a facultatively sexual freshwater cnidarian with winter diapause
Authors: Tökölyi Jácint 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTemperature is a key abiotic factor controlling population dynamics. In facultatively sexual animals inhabiting the temperate zone, temperature can regulate the switch between asexual and sexual modes of reproduction, initiates growth or dormancy, and acts together with photoperiod to mediate seasonal physiological transitions. Increasing temperature due to recent global warming is likely to disrupt population dynamics of facultatively sexual animals because of the strong temperature dependence of multiple fitness components. However, the fitness consequences of warming in these animals are still poorly understood. This is unfortunate since facultatively sexual animals—through their ability for asexual reproduction resulting in quick population growth and sexual reproduction enabling long‐term persistence—are key components of freshwater ecosystems. Here, I studied the fitness effects of warming in Hydra oligactis, a freshwater cnidarian that reproduces asexually throughout most of the year but switches to sexual reproduction under decreasing temperatures. I exposed hydra polyps to a simulated short summer heatwave or long‐term elevated winter temperature. Since sexual development in this species is dependent on low temperature, I predicted reduced sexual investment (gonad production) and elevated asexual fitness (budding) in polyps exposed to higher temperatures. The results show a complex effect of warming on sexual fitness: While gonad number decreased in response to warming, both male and female polyps exposed to high winter temperature were capable of multiple rounds of gamete production. Asexual reproduction and survival rate, on the contrary, clearly increased in response to higher temperature, especially in males. These results predict increased population growth of H. oligactis in temperate freshwater habitats, which will likely affect the population dynamics of its main prey (freshwater zooplankton), and through that, the whole aquatic ecosystem.
Reconciling welfare policy and sustainability transition – A case study of the Finnish welfare state
Authors: Saikkonen Paula , Ilmakunnas Ilari 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe paper investigates the capacity of welfare policies to support sustainability transitions. Welfare policy involves the discussion on public and private responsibilities and choices in public spending. The Finnish government's decision to turn Finland into a carbon neutral welfare society by 2035 is interpreted as a possible sustainability transition. The government launched a social security reform at the same time as the carbon neutrality target was announced. It was assumed that one of the major reforms would be utilised to achieve the carbon neutrality target. The research material consists of administrative, policy and political documents. The chosen documents describe how the issues are presented in policymaking. The qualitative analyses focused on the frames. It was examined how the current problems of the system were framed because the frames guide the possible solutions. According to our analysis, the Finnish government showed strong political will for sustainability transition. However, one of its major reforms was not utilised to create policies to support the shift towards a carbon neutral welfare society. The political will did not convert into action on the social security reform. The main reason seems to be related to the strongly guiding legislative frame in the reform. The legislative frame impacted on the utilised knowledge, which focused solely on the system level of social security. It could have been useful to utilise research knowledge about large‐scale reforms and how to formulate them cross‐sectionally.