bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aptamer modified Ti3C2 nanosheets application in smart targeted photothermal therapy for cancer
Authors: Bai Zhiqiang , Zhao Lu , Feng Haidi , Xin Zhihui , Wang Chaoyu , Liu Zhixiong , Tian Maozhong , Zhang Haifei , Bai Yunfeng , Feng Feng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Ti3C2 is a type of transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) with high light-to-heat conversion efficiency property, which has been widely used in cancer treatment recently. In fact, active targeting delivery of MXenes nanomaterials with targeting molecule could enhance the therapeutic efficacy. However, targeted therapy of MXenes has not been further studied in the past. Aptamers (Apt) with excellent affinity and high specificity properties have been widely used as targeting tools. Predictably, the incorporation of Apt into Ti3C2 nanomaterials will offer an unprecedented opportunity in the research fields of cancer targeted therapy.

Results
Transmembrane glycoprotein mucin 1 (MUC1) is overexpressed on the surface of MCF-7 cells, and MUC1 Apt (Apt-M) could target MCF-7 cells with high affinity and specificity. Here, a smart targeting nanotherapeutic system Ti3C2/Apt-M was fabricated, which could specifically recognize and enter in MCF-7 cells. Benefitting from the desirable targeted performance of Apt-M, MCF-7 cells completed the ingestion process of Ti3C2/Apt-Mf nanosheets within 4 h, and Apt-M facilitated the entry of the Ti3C2/Apt-Mf nanosheets into MCF-7 cells. Besides, Ti3C2/Apt-M nanosheets exhibited the potential as an outstanding photothermal agent (PTA) because of the photothermal performance inherited from wrapped Ti3C2 nanosheets. As demonstrated, upon 808 nm laser irradiation, the Ti3C2/Apt-M nanotherapeutic system displayed a satisfactory antitumor effect by targeted photothermal therapy both in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusion
This study provides a new idea for the development of MXenes nanotherapeutic system with high active targeting performance.

Graphical Abstract
Quantitative CT screening improved lumbar BMD evaluation in older patients compared to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
Authors: Lin Wentao , He Chaoqin , Xie Faqin , Chen Tao , Zheng Guanghao , Yin Houjie , Chen Haixiong , Wang Zhiyun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Robust evidence on whether diagnostic discordance exists between lumbar osteoporosis detected by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) vs. dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is still lacking. In this study involving a relatively large prospective cohort of older men (aged > 60 years) and postmenopausal women, we assessed lumbar QCT-derived volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and DXA-derived area BMD and evaluated their predictive performance for prevalent vertebral fracture (VF).

Methods
A total of 501 patients who underwent spinal surgery from September 2020 to September 2022 were enrolled. The criteria recommended by the American College of Radiology and the World Health Organization were used for lumbar osteoporosis diagnosis. The osteoporosis detection rates between QCT and DXA were compared. QCT-vBMD was plotted against the DXA T score, and the line of best fit was calculated based on linear regression. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between risk factors and VF. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed, and the corresponding area under the curve (AUC) was calculated.

Results
QCT screening showed that 60.7% of patients had osteoporosis, whereas DXA screening showed that 50.7% of patients had osteoporosis. Diagnoses were concordant for 325 (64.9%) patients. In all, 205 patients suffered a VF of at least one anatomic level. Of these, 84.4% (173/205) were diagnosed with osteoporosis by QCT, while only 73.2% (150/205) were diagnosed by DXA. Multivariate logistic regression showed that osteoporosis detected by QCT exhibited a stronger relationship with VF than that detected by DXA (unadjusted OR, 6.81 vs. 5.04; adjusted OR, 3.44 vs. 2.66). For discrimination between patients with and without VF, QCT-vBMD (AUC = 0.802) showed better performance than DXA T score (AUC = 0.76).

Conclusion
In older patients undergoing spinal surgery, QCT-vBMD is more helpful than DXA in terms of osteoporosis detection rate and prediction of patients with prevalent VFs.
HIV matters when diagnosing TB in young children: an ancillary analysis in children enrolled in the INPUT stepped wedge cluster randomized study
Authors: Powell L , Denoeud-Ndam L , Herrera N , Masaba R , Tchounga B , Siamba S , Ouma M , Petnga SJ , Machekano R , Pamen B , Okomo G , Simo L , Casenghi M , Rakhmanina N , Tiam A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Children under age five years, particularly those living with HIV (CLHIV), are at risk for rapid progression of tuberculosis (TB). We aimed to describe TB clinical presentations, diagnostic pathways and treatment outcomes in CLHIV compared to children without HIV in Cameroon and Kenya.

Methods
This sub-analysis of a cluster-randomized trial evaluating the integration of pediatric TB services from May 2019 to March 2021 enrolled children age < 5 years with TB. We estimated the HIV infection rate with 95% confidence interval (CI). We compared TB clinical presentations, diagnostic pathways and treatment outcomes in CLHIV and children without HIV. Finally, we investigated whether HIV infection was associated with a shorter time to TB diagnosis (≤ 3 months from symptoms onset) after adjusting for covariates. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed with adjusted odds ratios (AORs) presented as measures of the association of covariates with HIV status and with shorter time to TB diagnosis.

Results
We enrolled 157 children with TB (mean age was 1.5 years) and 22/157 (14.0% [9.0-20.4%]) were co-infected with HIV. CLHIV were more likely to initially present with acute malnutrition (AOR 3.16 [1.14–8.71], p = 0.027). Most TB diagnoses (140/157, 89%) were made clinically with pulmonary TB being the most common presentation; however, there was weak evidence of more frequent bacteriologic confirmation of TB in CLHIV, 18% vs. 9% (p = 0.067), due to the contribution of lateral-flow urine lipoarabinomannan to the diagnosis. HIV positivity (AOR: 6.10 [1.32–28.17], p = 0.021) was independently associated with a shorter time to TB diagnosis as well as fatigue (AOR: 6.58 [2.28–18.96], p = 0.0005), and existence of a household contact diagnosed with TB (AOR: 5.60 [1.58–19.83], p = 0.0075), whereas older age (AOR: 0.35 [0.15–0.85], p = 0.020 for age 2–5 years), night sweats (AOR: 0.24 [0.10–0.60], p = 0.0022) and acute malnutrition (AOR: 0.36 [0.14–0.92], p = 0.034) were associated with a delayed diagnosis. The case fatality rate was 9% (2/22) in CLHIV and 4% (6/135) in children without HIV, p = 0.31.

Conclusions
These results altogether advocate for better integration of TB services into all pediatric entry points with a special focus on nutrition services, and illustrate the importance of non-sputum-based TB diagnostics especially in CLHIV.

Trial registration
NCT03862261, first registration 05/03/2019.
Chidamide enhances cytotoxicity of doxorubicin by promoting autophagy and apoptosis in breast cancer
Authors: Li Jieqing 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer (BC) is a prevalent disease that harms women's health, and in-depth investigations of the pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of BC are the focus of many research programs. Chidamide (CHI) is a histone deacetylase suppressor that depresses histone deacetylase functions, thereby influencing cell growth through an epigenetic mechanism. However, CHI effects upon BC are largely unknown. Present research aimed to confirm the possibility of using CHI combined with chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX) to prevent chemotherapeutic BC resistance in vivo and in vitro.

Methods
In this study, CCK8 (a plate colony formation assay) was applied to detect cell proliferation. Flow cytometry detection showed the apoptotic cell death of both T47D and MCF-7 cells. Nude mouse xenografts were used to detect tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis. High-throughput sequencing was used to detect expression of different genes.

Results
Our data showed that CHI treatment reduced BC cell proliferation, tumor growth, and cell invasion. CHI treatments stimulated BC cell apoptosis by promoting ULK2-mediated autophagy and increasing MCF-7 cell sensitivity to DOX, resulting in decreased tumor growth.

Conclusion
Collectively, our results illustrated that CHI enhanced DOX cytotoxicity by promoting apoptosis and autophagy in BC cells, which advised that CHI could be a candidate drug for BC patient treatments.
Overall survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer with KRAS G12C mutation with or without STK11 and/or KEAP1 mutations in a real-world setting
Authors: Julian Cristina , Pal Navdeep , Gershon Anda , Evangelista Marie , Purkey Hans , Lambert Peter , Shi Zhen , Zhang Qing 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
KRAS mutations occur frequently in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC); the G12C mutation is the most prevalent. Alterations in STK11 or KEAP1 commonly co-occur with KRAS mutations in aNSCLC. Using real-world data, we assessed the effect of KRAS G12C mutation with or without STK11 and/or KEAP1 mutations on overall survival (OS) in patients with aNSCLC receiving cancer immunotherapy (CIT), chemotherapy, or both in first line (1L) and second line (2L).

Methods
Patients diagnosed with aNSCLC between January 2011 and March 2020 in a clinico-genomic database were included. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for left truncation, baseline demographics and clinical characteristics were used to analyze the effect of STK11 and/or KEAP1 co-mutational status on OS in patients with KRAS wild-type (WT) or G12C mutation.

Results
Of 2715 patients with aNSCLC without other actionable driver mutations, 1344 (49.5%) had KRAS WT cancer, and 454 (16.7%) had KRAS G12C–positive cancer. At 1L treatment start, significantly more patients with KRAS G12C–positive cancer were female, smokers, and had non-squamous histology, a higher prevalence of metastasis and programmed death-ligand 1 positivity than those with KRAS WT cancer. Median OS was comparable between patients with KRAS G12C–positive and KRAS WT cancer when receiving chemotherapy or combination CIT and chemotherapy in the 1L or 2L. Median OS was numerically longer in patients with KRAS G12C vs KRAS WT cancer treated with 1L CIT (30.2 vs 10.6 months, respectively) or 2L CIT (11.3 vs 7.6 months, respectively). Co-mutation of STK11 and KEAP1 was associated with significantly shorter OS in patients receiving any type of 1L therapy, regardless of KRAS G12C mutational status.

Conclusions
This real-world study showed that patients with KRAS G12C–positive or KRAS WT cancer have similar OS in the 1L or 2L when treated with chemotherapy or combination CIT and chemotherapy. In contrast to aNSCLC patients with EGFR or ALK driver mutations, patients with KRAS G12C–positive cancer may benefit from CIT monotherapy. Co-mutation of STK11 and KEAP1 was associated with significantly shorter survival, independent of KRAS G12C mutational status, reflecting the poor prognosis and high unmet need in this patient population.
Clinical outcomes of bilateral implantation of new generation monofocal IOL enhanced for intermediate distance and conventional monofocal IOL in a Korean population
Authors: Choi Wan Kyu , Han Hyo Ji , Son Hyeck-Soo , Khoramnia Ramin , Auffarth Gerd U. , Choi Chul Young 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
To compare the clinical outcomes of bilateral implantation of enhanced intermediate function intraocular lenses (IOLs) and standard monofocal IOLs.

Methods
In this prospective, randomized, comparative controlled study, we compared the visual outcomes of patients who underwent bilateral cataract surgery at the Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, with either enhanced monofocal IOLs (Tecnis Eyhance, ICB00, Johnson and Johnson Vision Care, Inc) (Group 1) or standard monofocal IOLs (Tecnis, ZCB00, Johnson and Johnson Vision Care, Inc) (Group 2). The assessment included monocular and binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), uncorrected intermediate (UIVA at 60 cm) and near (UNVA at 40 cm) visual acuity, uncorrected defocus curves, contrast sensitivity testing (CST), and reading speed test using Quality of vision was evaluated using the Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ-25).

Results
At 3-months postoperatively, monocular and binocular outcomes of UIVA and UNVA were statistically significantly better in Group 1 (P < 0.05). The binocular uncorrected defocus curve of Group 1 showed statistically significantly better outcomes at vergence ranges of -1.5 to -4.0 D (P < 0.05). Significantly higher reading speed test was also observed in Group 1 in all ranges tested (1.0 to 0.1 LogMAR) (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in CST between groups.

Conclusions
Bilateral implantation of enhanced monofocal IOLs provided better vision at intermediate and near distances compared to standard monofocal IOLs, while maintaining good distance vision and contrast sensitivity.
An investigation of the relationships between suicidal ideation, psychache, and meaning in life using network analysis
Authors: Li Yijun , Guo Zhihua , Tian Wenqing , Wang Xiuchao , Dou Weijia , Chen Yanfeng , Huang Shen , Ni Shengdong , Wang Hui , Wang Chaoxian , Liu Xufeng , Zhu Xia , Wu Shengjun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have investigated the relationships between psychache or meaning in life and suicidal ideation based on sum score of corresponding scale. However, this practice has hampered the fine-grained understanding of their relationships. This network analysis study aimed to conduct a dimension-level analysis of these constructs and the relationships among them in a joint framework, and identify potential intervention targets to address suicidal ideation.

Methods
Suicidal ideation, psychache, and meaning in life were measured using self-rating scales among 738 adults. A network of suicidal ideation, psychache, and meaning in life was constructed to investigate the connections between dimensions and calculate the expected influence and bridge expected influence of each node.

Results
“Psychache” was positively linked to “sleep” and “despair”, while “presence of meaning in life” had negative associations with “psychache”, “despair”, and “pessimism”. The most important central nodes were “sleep” and “despair”, and the critical bridge nodes were “presence of meaning in life” and “psychache”.

Conclusion
These preliminary findings uncover the pathological pathways underlying the relationships between psychache, meaning in life, and suicidal ideation. The central nodes and bridge nodes identified may be potential targets for effectively preventing and intervening against the development and maintenance of suicidal ideation.
Association of remnant cholesterol with depression among US adults
Authors: Wang Yang , Shen Ruhua 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Remnant cholesterol is receiving increasing attention because of its association with various diseases. However, there have been no studies on remnant cholesterol levels and depression.

Methods
A cross-sectional analysis was performed based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2016. Depression was assessed using a Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Fasting remnant cholesterol was calculated as the total cholesterol minus high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) minus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Logistic regression analysis with sampling weights was used to examine the association between remnant cholesterol concentration and depression.

Results
Among 8,263 adults enrolled in this study (weighted mean age, 45.65 years), 5.88% (weighted percentage) had depression. Compared to the participants without depression, those with depression had higher concentration of remnant cholesterol (weighted mean, 26.13 vs. 23.05, P < 0.001). There was a significant positive relationship between remnant cholesterol concentration and depression and multivariable-adjusted OR with 95% CI was 1.49 (1.02–2.17). Among the subgroup analyses, remnant cholesterol concentration was positively associated with depression among participants less than 60 years (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.09–2.42), male (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.01–4.05), BMI under 30 (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.14–2.96), and those with diabetes (OR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.43–10.49).

Conclusions
Remnant cholesterol concentration positively correlated with depression, suggesting that a focus on remnant cholesterol may be useful in the study of depression.
Interaction between blood cadmium and lead concentration and physical activity on hypertension from the Korean national health and nutrition examination survey in 2008–2013
Authors: Kwon Jeoung A , Kim Byungmi , Kim Eunji , Kwon Kisung 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have suggested that blood Cd, Pb exposure, and physical activity levels may influence the development of hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between blood Cd, Pb levels, and hypertension by the level of physical activity in Korean adults using The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).

Methods
We used data from the KNHANES (2008–2013), a nationally representative, cross-sectional, population-based study. We included 8,510 participants who had records of blood Cd, Pb and, blood pressure measurements. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the association between blood Cd and Pb exposure and the development of hypertension, as well as the modifying effects of physical activity levels. Additive interaction was estimated using relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) and synergy index (S).

Results
Following covariates adjustments, we found significant associations of blood Cd and Pb with higher hypertension prevalence. This association was more apparent in low physical activity while blood Cd and Pb concentrations were not significantly associated with hypertension in participants with more activity. Additionally, there was a significant interaction between blood Cd and physical activity on hypertension risk (RERI = 0.17, 95% CI: -0.36–0.7; AP = 0.12, 95% CI: -0.28–0.52; S = 1.75, 95% CI:1.36–2.14).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that low physical activity may substantially amplify the adverse effects of blood Pb and Cd exposure on hypertension risk. However, interactions were only found for Cd. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Does endodontics influence radiological detection of external root resorption? an in vitro study
Authors: Parrales-Bravo C. , Friedrichsdorf S. P. , Costa C. , Paiva J. B. , Iglesias-Linares A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
External root resorption (ERR) has a multifactorial etiology and is difficult to diagnose, which means that is continues to be of research interest. This work mainly aims to determine whether external root resorption can be differentially detected in root-filled versus non-endodontically treated teeth using digital periapical radiography (DPR) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods
The Checklist for Reporting In-vitro Studies (CRIS) guidelines were followed throughout this study. This experiment highlights the preparation and generation of standardized synthetic teeth measured on three-dimensional records converted into Digital Imaging and Communication on Medicine (DICOM) file format. Twelve replicate maxillary incisors were randomized into two groups: (G1) six non-endodontically treated, and (G2) six endodontically treated teeth. In both groups, actual tooth lengths of all specimens were measured and compared with measurements obtained using DPR and CBCT. Simulated ERR lesions [0.12, 0.18, 0.20 mm × 0.5 mm depth in the mesial, distal and palatal apical regions] were created progressively, radiographic images were recorded, and 24 DPRs and 96 CBCTs were obtained in total. Eight blinded, previously calibrated researchers made a total of 1920 measurements (using Horos Software). Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk, ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon rank post-hoc tests [Bonferroni correction in multiple comparison tests (p < 0.05)].

Results
ICC values for intra- and inter-examiner agreement were appropriate. DPR overestimated ERR detection compared to the actual and CBCT measurements [Mean diff = 0.765 and 0.768, respectively]. CBCT diagnosis of ERR lesions in specimens without root canal treatment was significantly more accurate than DPR diagnoses on both non-endodontically and endodontically-treated specimens [p = 0.044; p = 0.037, respectively]. There was an 18.5% reduction in sensitivity in all DPR diagnoses made on endodontic teeth versus those made on non-endodontically treated teeth. For the smallest ERR lesions, this sensitivity was even more marked, with 27.8 and 25% less sensitivity, respectively.

Conclusions
The results of this study highlight that both CBCT and DPR are good diagnostic methods for ERR. Nevertheless, root canal filling material influences diagnostic capability in ERR. The clinical significance was that the presence of intracanal material reduces the detection and diagnosis of ERR by DPR in teeth with root canal treatment.
Experiences of patients at high risk of opioid overdose accessing emergency department and behavioral health interventions: a qualitative analysis in an urban emergency department
Authors: Collins Alexandra B. , Baird Janette , Nimaja Evelyn , Ashenafi Yokabed , Clark Melissa A. , Beaudoin Francesca L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundEmergency Departments (EDs) have become critical ‘touchpoints’ for the identification and early engagement of patients at risk of overdose or who have an opioid use disorder (OUD). Our objectives were to examine patients’ ED experiences, identify barriers and facilitators of service uptake in ED settings, and explore patients’ experiences with ED staff.MethodsThis qualitative study was part of a randomized controlled trial that evaluated the effectiveness of clinical social workers and certified peer recovery specialists in increasing treatment uptake and reducing opioid overdose rates for people with OUD. Between September 2019 and March 2020, semi-structured interviews were conducted 19 participants from the trial. Interviews sought to assess participants’ ED care experiences across intervention type (i.e., clinical social worker or peer recovery specialist). Participants were purposively sampled across intervention arm (social work,n = 11; peer recovery specialist,n = 7; control,n = 1). Data were analyzed thematically with a focus on participant experiences in the ED and social and structural factors shaping care experiences and service utilization.ResultsParticipants reported varied ED experiences, including instances of discrimination and stigma due to their substance use. However, participants underscored the need for increased engagement of people with lived experience in ED settings, including the use of peer recovery specialists. Participants highlighted that ED provider interactions were critical drivers of shaping care and service utilization and needed to be improved across EDs to improve post-overdose care.ConclusionsWhile the ED provides an opportunity to reach patients at risk of overdose, our results demonstrate how ED-based interactions and service provision can impact ED care engagement and service utilization. Modifications to care delivery may improve experiences for patients with OUD or at high risk for overdose.Trial registrationClinical trial registration: NCT03684681.