bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress, Apoptosis, and Redox Signaling: Key Players in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Üremiş Nuray , Üremiş Muhammed Mehdi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTNeurodegenerative diseases are significant health concerns that have a profound impact on the quality and duration of life for millions of individuals. These diseases are characterized by pathological changes in various brain regions, specific genetic mutations associated with the disease, deposits of abnormal proteins, and the degeneration of neurological cells. As neurodegenerative disorders vary in their epidemiological characteristics and vulnerability of neurons, treatment of these diseases is usually aimed at slowing disease progression. The heterogeneity of genetic and environmental factors involved in the process of neurodegeneration makes current treatment methods inadequate. However, the existence of common molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of these diseases may allow the development of new targeted therapeutic strategies. Oxidative and nitrosative stress damages membrane components by accumulating ROS and RNS and disrupting redox balance. This process results in the induction of apoptosis, which is important in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases through oxidative stress. Studies conducted using postmortem human samples, animal models, and cell cultures have demonstrated that oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, and apoptosis are crucial factors in the development of diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Multiple Sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. The excessive production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, elevated levels of free radicals, heightened mitochondrial stress, disturbances in energy metabolism, and the oxidation and nitrosylation of cellular macromolecules are recognized as triggers for neuronal cell death. Challenges in managing and treating neurodegenerative diseases require a better understanding of this field at the molecular level. Therefore, this review elaborates on the molecular mechanisms by which oxidative and nitrosative stress are involved in neuronal apoptosis.
Extending the MST Model to Large Biomolecular Systems: Parametrization of the ddCOSMO‐MST Continuum Solvation Model
Authors: Cunha R. D. , Romero‐Téllez S. , Lipparini F. , Luque F. J. , Curutchet C. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTContinuum solvation models such as the polarizable continuum model and the conductor‐like screening model are widely used in quantum chemistry, but their application to large biosystems is hampered by their computational cost. Here, we report the parametrization of the Miertus–Scrocco–Tomasi (MST) model for the prediction of hydration free energies of neutral and ionic molecules based on the domain decomposition formulation of COSMO (ddCOSMO), which allows a drastic reduction of the computational cost by several orders of magnitude. We also introduce several novelties in MST, like a new definition of atom types based on hybridization and an automatic setup of the cavity for charged regions. The model is parametrized at the B3LYP/6‐31+G(d) and PM6 levels of theory and compared to the performance of IEFPCM/MST. Then, we demonstrate the robustness of the parametrization on the SAMPL2, SAMPL4, and C10 datasets. The ddCOSMO/MST models provide errors of ~0.8 and ~3.2 kcal/mol for neutrals and ions, respectively, showing a remarkable balanced and accurate description of cations and anions.
Relationship Between Patient Demographics and Biologic Therapy Use in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. A Single Center Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Shehab Mohammad , Alsayegh Abdulwahab , Alabdulhadi Munirah , Snober Shahed , Aleissa Nouf , Alfadhli Ahmad 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionBiologic therapies treat patients with moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aims to investigate the demographics of biologic therapy use and its association with patient characteristics, a topic that has not yet been thoroughly assessed in our region.MethodsElectronic health record data from June 1, 2021, to May 31, 2023, were collected at a tertiary care IBD center in Kuwait. The primary outcome of this single‐center cross‐sectional study was to assess the demographics of use of various biologic therapies among patients with IBD. The secondary outcome was to assess whether the type of biologic therapy differed based on gender, age, and IBD type.ResultsAmong the 513 patients using biologic therapy in this study, there were 210 (40.9%) on adalimumab (ADL), 154 (30.0%) on infliximab (IFX), 112 (21.9%) on ustekinumab (UST), and 33 (6.4%) on vedolizumab (VDZ). Patients taking VDZ were more likely to have ulcerative colitis (UC) (p < 0.001) and were more likely to be over 30 years old (p < 0.001). In contrast, patients on UST were less likely to be over 30 (p = 0.011) and more likely to have Crohn's disease (CD) (p < 0.001). In addition, patients on ADL were more likely to have Crohn's disease (p = 0.003), as were patients on IFX (p < 0.001).ConclusionPatients taking VDZ were more likely to have UC and be over 30 years of age, while those on UST were more likely to be under 30 years of age and to have CD. Additionally, patients on ADL and IFX were more likely to have CD. This study highlighted the need for further research evaluating physicians' preferences and the effectiveness of different biological therapies in patients with IBD.
Transoral Laser Microsurgery Versus Radiotherapy for T1–T2 Glottic Cancer with Anterior Commissure Involvement: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Vasudevan Srivatsa Surya , Bryan Elizabeth , Ericksen Elise , Alla Anika , Asarkar Ameya A. , Olinde Lindsay , Katz Sanford , Nathan Cherie‐Ann O. 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo identify the most effective treatment modality for achieving favorable outcomes in early glottic tumors with anterior commissure involvement (ACI).Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect.Review MethodsRandom‐effects proportional meta‐analysis model is used to evaluate the oncological and functional outcomes of transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) versus radiation therapy (RT) in early glottic (T1–T2) cancer with ACI.ResultsFrom a total of 736 studies, 40 studies were included, comprising 2666 early glottic tumor patients with ACI. TLM (52%) and upfront RT (48%) were the primary treatment groups. TLM had better 5‐year overall survival (OS) (84.5% [80.3%–88.0%] vs. 79.4% [75.7%–82.7%]). Similarly, TLM‐treated patients had better 3‐year pooled disease‐free survival (DFS) compared with RT‐treated patients (82.7% [77.1%–87.1%] vs. 73.3% [23.8%–96.0%]). TLM exhibited a better 5‐year local control rate (LCR) than RT (77.2% vs. 71.6%). In our temporal analysis, TLM had a higher 5‐year LCR than RT (78.2% vs. 63.5%) in 2001–2012, with similar rates in 2013–2024 (76.8% vs. 78.4%). TLM‐treated patients had higher laryngeal preservation rates compared with RT patients (93% [90.6%–94.8%] vs. 87.6% [82.8%–91.2%]).ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis is the first in the literature to compare the outcomes between TLM and RT‐treated patients with ACI in early glottic tumors. TLM‐treated patients appear to have superior 5‐year OS and laryngeal preservation compared with upfront RT‐treated patients. However, both TLM and RT exhibited comparable oncological outcomes in early glottic tumor patients with ACI during the recent period from 2013 to 2024. Laryngoscope, 2025
Establishing Artificial Grassland on Extremely Degraded Alpine Meadow Changes the Soil Fungal Community and Function in the Qilian Mountain Area
Authors: Zhao Wen , Yin Ya‐li , Li Shi‐xiong , Song Jiang‐qin , Dong Yi‐ling , Su Shi‐feng 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe establishment of artificial grasslands is a recognized method for restoring severely degraded alpine meadows, yet its impact on soil fungi remains poorly understood. To investigate the impact of artificial grassland establishment on soil fungal communities, we selected a typical 4‐year‐old artificial grassland as the research subject, with non‐degraded and extremely degraded alpine meadows serving as controls. Soil fungal communities and functional groups were analyzed using Illumina sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genes, and functional groups were predicted using the FUNGuild database. The results indicated that artificial grassland establishment had a significant impact on vegetation properties, while not affecting soil nutrient contents. Additionally, established artificial grassland significantly increased fungal diversity but did not alter the abundance of dominant phyla except Ascomycota. The ecological network analysis revealed that artificial grassland establishment (0.0910) markedly decreased fungal robustness compared to non‐degraded (0.2040) and extremely degraded (0.1790), suggesting unfavorable soil conditions for fungal interactions. Moreover, vegetation properties (Shannon and Richness diversity indices) were the primary factors influencing soil fungal functional groups, communities, and ecological networks. Our findings indicate that the artificial grassland establishment rapidly restores vegetation but does not support the restoration of fungal communities.
Hybrid Femtosecond Laser 3D Processing Technology for Rapid Integration of Functional Optical Devices on Fibers
Authors: Xu Liqun , Xue Yuhang , Wang Chaowei , Gui Xinyu , Zhang Chenchu , Zhang Li , Tao Yuan , Wang Xinghao , Zhang Leran , Pan Deng , Li Jiawen , Wu Dong , Chu Jiaru , Hu Yanlei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDue to constraints imposed by the geometry characteristics of optical fibers and conventional preparation strategies, the development of “Lab on Tip” devices faces significant challenges. By introducing two‐photon polymerization (TPP) technology, it becomes feasible to develop arbitrarily complex 3D structures with nanoscale features on fiber tips. However, the serial scanning process of TPP is too slow to accommodate the extensive application expansion of fiber tip devices. Herein, a hybrid femtosecond laser 3D processing technology (termed “FPL‐DLW”), developed by combining femtosecond projection lithography (FPL) with direct laser writing (DLW), is reported. FPL is adopted to print bulk base structures and DLW is employed for precision realization of functional nanostructures. Using a common polarizing beam splitter as a bridge, the two independent optical systems with different polarized light sources are facilely integrated to realize hybrid processing. The FPL‐DLW utilizes FPL (high‐efficiency) and DLW (high‐precision) to flexibly fabricate multiple types of fiber tip functional devices, whose processing efficiency can be boosted by up to two orders of magnitude compared to using DLW alone. These results validate that the authors’ method provides a universal solution for the rapid integration of micro–nanostructures on various fiber end facets, which is challenging with existing TPP technologies.
Pressure‐Tailored π–π Stacking in Dimers Enhances Blue Photoluminescence in Boron‐Based Organic Molecules
Authors: Ruan Jingqi , Wang Yixuan , Yang Binhao , Yang Yunfeng , Wang Weibin , Yang Qing , Yang Xinyi , Zou Bo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOrganic materials with exceptional blue photoluminescence have emerged as a captivating class of materials, exhibiting promising applications as full‐color display and solid‐state lighting. However, the photoluminescence quenching is a largely unsolved problem towing to the strong π–π interaction in the aggregation effect or the electrostatic repulsion. Herein, a strategy to harvest the remarkably enhanced blue emission in phenylboric acid molecules with intricate hydrogen bond networks through pressure treatment engineering is proposed. Intriguingly, the photoluminescence quantum yields of pressure‐treated phenylboric acid experiences a significant enhancement from 2.3 % to 31.5 %, which shows bright blue emission. The inhibition of benzene ring vibration and the reduction of π–π stacking interaction originating from the offset stacking mode are highly responsible for the enhancement of blue photoluminescence. This work demonstrates the feasibility of modulating molecular stacking patterns to achieve efficient emission and presents a momentous strategy for improving the optical properties of blue organic materials.
Establishing the Validity of a Cultural Assessment of Suicide Risks in Black Adolescents
Authors: Francois Samantha , Adams Leslie , Phelps Chavez 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAlthough rates of suicide among Black American youth have increased in recent years, few brief assessment tools have been culturally tailored and validated to better identify suicide risk for this population. The current study addresses this gap by testing the validity and reliability of the Cultural Assessment of Suicide Risk‐short form (CARS‐S) in an online sample of Black American adolescents. Three hundred eighty‐one Black adolescents (Mage = 17.5) completed a 13‐item CARS‐S measure online. Cronbach's alpha and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were computed in Stata v.15 and Mplus v.8.0. The revised CARS‐S scale demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.82). A four‐factor solution retained through exploratory analysis demonstrated the best model fit (χ2 = 46.62, p < 0.001; RMSEA = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.01–0.08 CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.97) compared to other model solutions. Confirmatory analysis supported a four‐factor model with no cross‐loaded items. The four factors were: (1) Family conflict and idioms of distress‐suicidal actions (four items); Social Support (two items); Minority‐specific distress (three items); Idioms of distress‐emotional/somatic and cultural sanctions (four items). Researchers conducting future suicide prevention research focused on Black American adolescents and including the CAR‐S measure should consider the inclusion of items related to family conflict and racism‐related stress to better capture risk.
Strain‐Engineered Germanium Microbridge LED With Silicon Nitride Stressor
Authors: Shu Bin , Zhu Bingzhang , Sun Xinyang , Yu Zhichao , Hu Huiyong , Wang Liming , Miao Tian , Zhang Ningning 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTGermanium (Ge) has garnered significant attention in the field of silicon‐based monolithic light sources as an attractive material. Silicon nitride is widely used in optoelectronic devices due to its excellent optical properties. By using silicon nitride as a stressor to introduce tensile strain into Ge, the band structure of Ge can be tuned, enhancing the radiative recombination of direct bandgap emission. A LED with silicon nitride as a stressor is proposed in this paper. Simulation results demonstrate that the device has been introduced to a 3% uniaxial tensile strain, resulting in peak electroluminescence at 1986 nm and a maximum electro‐optical conversion efficiency of 1.94%, indicating excellent performance in the short infrared wavelength range. This work provides a method for achieving more efficient silicon‐based group IV light sources.
Design of Tri‐Band Doherty Power Amplifier Using Phase and Impedance Constrained Optimization
Authors: Kong Wa , Chen Yunqin , Xia Jing , Ni Zhongpeng , Ni Shaohua , Zhang Wence , Zhu Xiao‐Wei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTo realize the wideband and efficient operation of Doherty power amplifier (DPA) in multi‐band mode, this paper proposes a tri‐band DPA design method based on phase and impedance‐constrained optimization. First, the phases required for impedance transformation networks across multi‐band are determined based on the impedance required when the DPA operates at back‐off power (BOP) and saturation. Then, the impedance judgment method using multiple impedance constraint circles was employed to determine the optimal load impedances. Finally, the phase and impedance constraints at multiple frequencies were used to optimize the carrier and peaking output matching networks. For verification, a tri‐band DPA operating at 1.25−1.35, 1.9−2.1, and 2.75−2.85 GHz was designed and fabricated. Measured results show that, for the above three frequency bands, the drain efficiencies (DEs) at saturation reach 59.0%−61.7%, 59.5%−64.2%, and 52.4%−59.8% with corresponding output power exceeding 43 dBm. For 6 dB BOP, the DEs are 46.1%−54.2%, 50.4%−55.2%, and 44.8%−51.9%. Moreover, good linearity can be achieved after linearization for 20 MHz modulated signals.
Environmental influences on the size and recruitment of inland Cisco populations in three Minnesota Sentinel lakes
Authors: Carlson Edward J. , Schoenebeck Casey W. , Holbrook Beth V. , Hafs Andrew W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Cisco Coregonus artedi are a pelagic coldwater fish that are widely distributed throughout many lakes across Canada and the northern Midwest and play an important role as forage for large piscivores. Cisco are sensitive to oxythermal stress caused by a combination of warm epilimnetic temperatures and hypolimnetic hypoxia during peak stratification periods and are at risk from stressors such as climate change and land use changes. We hypothesized that interannual variability in the amount of oxythermal habitat and prey resources were associated with observed differences in size structure and recruitment success of different Cisco populations. This study evaluated the relationship between characteristics of three inland (non-Laurentian Great Lakes) Cisco populations, including maximum size and age-0 density, with environmental and biological factors such as pelagic oxythermal habitat, zooplankton availability, and Cisco density and biomass over a 7-year time series.

Methods
Targeted, standardized, annual pelagic sampling was conducted from 2013 to 2019 using hydroacoustic sonar and vertical gill nets to sample Cisco, vertical net tows to sample zooplankton, and temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles to measure oxythermal habitat. Linear regression and mixed-effect models were developed for two selected response variables: upper 95th percent total length (mm) and standardized age-0 density (fish/ha-m3).

Result
Cyclopoid copepod densities explained the most variability in the observed size differences, while age-1+ Cisco biomass best explained the variability in the age-0 density response variable. Additionally, the number of growing degree-days at dissolved oxygen of 3.0 mg/L explained variability in both response variables.

Conclusion
Results from this study document the importance of zooplankton prey, oxythermal habitat, and internal population dynamics on Cisco size and recruitment. This information provides fisheries managers with insights on the characteristics of inland lake systems that influence variability in Cisco populations and how this effects the vulnerability of this relatively important forage species on gape-limited predatory fish.
Investigation of the Shear Mechanism at the Interface Between Grout and Brittle Rock: Physical Testing and PFC3D Simulation
Authors: Fu Jinwei , Haeri Hadi , Sarfarazi Vahab , Rafiei Negin , Amiri Amir Abbas , Marji Mohammad Fatehi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTExperimental tests were conducted in the laboratory to investigate the shear behavior of interfaces in grout‐gypsum specimens. Various specimens were created to produce different interface configurations for testing and modeling. The tensile strength measurements indicated that grout has a strength of 1.2 MPa, while gypsum measures 0.52 MPa. For Young's modulus, grout was found to be 9 GPa, in contrast to gypsum's 4 GPa. Furthermore, the compressive strength values recorded were 13 MPa for grout and 7.9 MPa for gypsum. The fracture toughness values were found to be 0.09 MPa for grout and 0.01 MPa for gypsum. The rate of loading during the experimental tests was set at 0.05 mm/s, which was considered too low to satisfy the static loading criteria. Additionally, the laboratory tests helped calibrate the PFC modeling results, allowing for a detailed study of the shear behavior of the grout‐gypsum interfaces. The number of channels in the specimens created suitable interfaces, which influenced the shear failure mechanisms and fracturing patterns for both sample types. Tensile cracking can occur at these interfaces and may propagate throughout the channels. As the number of channels increases, the volume of injected gypsum in the specimens also rises. This increase raises the crack initiation stress, failure stress, shear stiffness, and the number of fractures. Moreover, the shear stiffness and shear strength of the grout injection channels were found to be greater than those of the gypsum channels. Overall, there was a strong correlation between the experimental and numerical results.
A Seismic Model for the Periodic Pile‐Plate Road Foundation Based on the P2.5D Finite Element Method
Authors: Lu Jian‐Fei , Fan Qiang‐Jun , Liu Yang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPile‐plate road foundation (PRF) is a new type of road foundation arising in recent years. As the seismic wave is an important kind of dynamic loads, the dynamic analysis of the PRF under seismic wave is thus necessary for its dynamic design. To simplify the analysis of the PRF under seismic waves, the PRF is simplified as the periodic pile‐plate road foundation (PPRF) in this study. To establish the dynamic model for this PPRF, the PPRF is divided into two regions first, namely, the regions I and II. Region I is the region of interest of the PPRF, containing the bedrock, soil layers, embankment, pile rows, and plate, while the region II is the surrounding domain for the region I, including the soil layers and bedrock. In this study, the region I is treated by the periodic 2.5D finite element method (P2.5D FEM) and corresponding P2.5D FEM equations are obtained. For the region II, the periodic thin layer method (PTLM) is established and is used to establish the traction‐displacement relation at the regions I–II interface. With the obtained traction‐displacement relation, the transmitting boundary condition is imposed on the region I, and the incident seismic wave is input to the region I, yielding the P2.5D FE‐TLM model for the PPRF. Based on the established P2.5D FE‐TLM model, some results for the response of the PPRF to the incident surface waves are presented.
Multiscale analysis of the mechanical properties and interface damage mechanisms of carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene composites
Authors: Qiu Tian , Yang Zhaoran , Liang LiHong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this article, the mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene (CF/PP) composites at different carbon fiber (CF) mass fractions were systematically investigated. A comprehensive examination is provided through the integration of experimental testing, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis, revealing the enhancement effects of CF on the polypropylene (PP) matrix across multiple scales. Experimental results demonstrated that the incorporation of CF significantly impedes crack propagation and enhances the fracture resistance of the composites. Specifically, at a CF mass fraction of 15%, the elastic modulus of the composites is enhanced by 21.7% compared with pure PP, while the tensile strength increases by 40.9%–43.2%. The addition of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAH‐g‐PP) as a compatibilizer significantly improves the interfacial compatibility between CF/PP. Furthermore, finite element simulations revealed the damage evolution process at the CF/PP interface during tensile loading. Based on the Mori‐Tanaka model, the elastic modulus was predicted, aligning well with experimental and simulated results. This research offers a scientific basis for the design and application of CF/PP composites and contributes to the advancement of high‐performance composites.Highlights
CF/PP composites show enhancements in mechanical properties with CF addition
MAH improves interfacial adhesion between CF and PP, boosting tensile strength
Multiscale experimental and FEA studies reveal CF/PP interface damage mechanisms
Mori‐Tanaka model accurately predicts the elastic modulus of CF/PP composites