bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Japanese Multi-Institutional Phase II Study of Moderate Hypofractionated Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy with Image-Guided Technique for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Nakamura Katsumasa , Nihei Keiji , Saito Yoshihiro , Shikama Naoto , Noda Shin-ei , Hara Ryusuke , Imagumbai Toshiyuki , Mizowaki Takashi , Akiba Takeshi , Kunieda Etsuo , Someya Masanori , Ohga Saiji , Kawamori Jiro , Kozuka Takuyo , Ota Yosuke , Inaba Koji , Kodaira Takeshi , Itoh Yoshiyuki , Funakoshi Kouta , Kagami Yoshikazu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background Although moderate hypofractionated radiotherapy were one of standard regimens for localized prostate cancer, the efficacy of moderated hypofractionated regimens has not been well validated in Asian countries. The aim of this multi-institutional phase II study was to confirm the safety and the potential efficacy of moderately hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with prostate-based image-guidance for Japanese patients.
Methods Patients with low- or intermediate-risk localized prostate cancer were eligible. Patients with a part of high risk (having only one of the following factors, cT3a, 20 < PSA ≤ 30, or GS = 8 or 9) were also included in this trial. Hypofractionated IMRT using daily image-guided technique with prostate matching was performed with a total dose of 70 Gy in 28 fractions. Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy for 4-8 months was mandatory for patients with intermediate or high-risk prostate cancer.
Results The number of patients with low, intermediate, and high-risk prostate cancer was 20, 80, and 34, respectively. The 5-year overall, biochemical failure-free, and clinical failure-free survival was 94.5%, 96.0%, and 99.2%, respectively. The 5-year biochemical failure-free survival for patients with low-, intermediate-, and high-risk disease was 94.1%, 97.4%, and 93.9%, respectively. The incidences of grade 2 gastrointestinal and genitourinary late toxicities at 5 years were 5.3% and 5.3%, respectively. There are no acute or late toxicities ≥ grade 3.
Conclusion The safety and efficacy of moderately hypofractionated IMRT was confirmed in this trial among Japanese patients with prostate cancer.
18F-FDG PET/CT-based Deep Learning Radiomics Predicts Five-years Disease-free Survival After Failure to Achieve Pathologic Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Zheng Xingxing , Huang Yuhong , Lin Yingyi , Zhu Teng , Zou Jiachen , Wang Shuxia , Wang Kun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to assess whether a combined model incorporating radiomic and depth features extracted from PET/CT can predict disease-free survival (DFS) in patients who failed to achieve pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC)
Results
This study retrospectively included one hundred and five non-pCR patients. After a median follow-up of 71 months, 15 and 7 patients experienced recurrence and death, respectively. The primary tumor volume underwent feature extraction, yielding a total of 3644 radiomic features and 4096 depth features. The modeling procedure employed Cox regression for feature selection and utilized Cox proportional-hazards models to make predictions on DFS. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were utilized to evaluate and compare the predictive performance of different models. 2 clinical features (RCB, cT), 4 radiomic features, and 7 depth features were significant predictors of DFS and were included to develop models. The integrated model incorporating RCB, cT, and radiomic and depth features extracted from PET/CT images exhibited the highest accuracy for predicting 5-year DFS in the training (AUC 0.943) and the validation cohort (AUC 0.938).
Conclusion
The integrated model combining radiomic and depth features extracted from PET/CT images can accurately predict 5-year DFS in non-pCR patients. It can help identify patients with a high risk of recurrence and strengthen adjuvant therapy to improve survival.
A novel study on the chemical profiling of Okoubaka aubrevillei edible seed oil using GC- MS analysis and evaluation of its corrosion inhibition properties on mild steel using molecular dynamic (MD) studies
Authors: Alisa Edith N. , Terna Augustine D. , Alisa Christopher O. , Oluboyo Michael B. , Anozie Remigius C. , Ezekoye Miracle O. , Kalu Samuel A. , Agwaramgbo Lovell 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Tropical African parasitic tree species known as Okoubaka aubrevillei has both culinary and medical purposes. The oil in the seeds of this tree is abundant yet little is understood. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used in this work to examine the chemical makeup and physical characteristics of Okoubaka aubrevillei seed oil and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were used to assess the capacity of the oil to inhibit corrosion on mild steel. It was discovered that the oil contains additional components like sterols and phenolic compounds in addition to being high in unsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid (39.67%). These substances function as antioxidants and may have positive impacts on human health. With a high adsorption energy value of -353.55 Kcal/mol, it was also discovered that the oil could firmly adsorb on mild steel surfaces and offer a degree of protection against corrosion. The energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO), the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO), the energy gap (ΔE) between LUMO and HOMO, and the Mulliken charges on the backbone atoms were all determined through optimization with HOMO and LUMO energy values of -5.377 and − 0.824 eV, respectively. The findings of this study point to Okoubaka aubrevillei seed oil as a possible edible oil source with great potential for mild steel corrosion inhibition and potential for use in a variety of applications.
Nailfold Capillary Density in 140 Untreated Children With Juvenile Dermatomyositis: An Indicator of Vascular Disease Activity
Authors: Pachman Lauren M. , Morgan Gabrielle , Klein-Gitelman Marisa , Ahsan Najah , Khojah Amer 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
We lack a reliable indicator of vascular disease activity in Juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDM), a rare disease. The goal of this study is to identify the association of nailfold capillary End Row Loop (ERL) loss with vascular damage in children with newly diagnosed, untreated JDM.
Findings
: We enrolled 140 untreated JDM and matched healthy controls, ages 2–17. We selected items from the Juvenile Myositis Registry for analysis. Variables include average ERL density of 8 fingers, average capillary pattern, hemorrhages, and clinical and laboratory correlates. Laboratory data includes Myositis Specific Antibodies (MSA), disease activity scores (DAS), Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale (CMAS), and standard clinical serologic data. The reduced mean ERL density is 5.1 ± 1.5/mm for untreated JDM vs 7.9 ± 0.9/mm for healthy controls, p < 0.0001, and is associated with DAS-skin, r=-0.27 p = 0.014, which did not change within the age range tested. Untreated JDM with MSA Tif-1-γ had the lowest ERL density, (p = 0.037); their ERL patterns were primarily “open”. In addition, we found that hemorrhages in the nailfold were associated with dysphagia (p = 0.004).
Conclusions
Nailfold data reflects vascular disease in untreated children with JDM. Decreased JDM ERL density is associated with increased vascular damage. We speculate ERL density appears to be an useful indicator of vascular disease activity in untreated children with JDM.
Co-digestion and mono-digestion of sewage sludge and steam-pretreated wheat straw in continuous stirred tank reactors – nutrient composition and process performance
Authors: Kreuger Emma , Tosi Virginia , Lindblad Maja , Davidsson Åsa , Group Biorefinery 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Wheat straw (WS) constitutes a large biomass resource and can be used for the production of advanced biofuels, for example in the form of methane through anaerobic digestion (AD). Due to the low contents of several nutrient elements and water in harvested WS, the use of sewage sludge (SS), consisting of primary sludge and waste activated sludge, as a nutrient source in co-digestion with pretreated wheat straw (PWS) was investigated theoretically and practically.
Results
Process stability and specific methane yield were studied in mono-digestion and co-digestion of PWS and SS in continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) for 208 days. The hydraulic retention time was 22 days and the organic loading rate (OLR) 2.1 ± 0.1 gVS L-1 d-1. In co-digestion, the OLR was increased to 2.8 gVS L-1 d-1 for one week. WS soaked in acetic acid solution was steam-pretreatment at 190 °C for 10 minutes, ending with an explosive reduction in pressure. Nutrient elements were added to PWS mono-digestion at two different concentration levels. Co-digestion was stable, with a total concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) at a secure level below 0.35 g L-1 at both OLRs. This higher OLR would require an increase in reactor volume of 14%, compared to mono-digestion of SS, but would increase the annual production of methane by 26 %. A longer HRT than applied would increase the specific methane yield of all substrates, based on residual methane yields. SCFAs accumulated in the mono-digestion of PWS when using the lower levels of nutrient supplements, concentrations fluctuated with the higher levels.
Conclusions
PWS and SS can be co-digested with long-term process-stability, without addition of other chemicals than acetic acid as catalyst in steam-pretreatment and of steam. The specific methane yield from PWS was relatively low, 170 mL gVS-1, but could likely be increased by optimisation of the steam-pretreatment conditions. The effects of higher concentrations of micro-nutrients in mono-digestion of PWS should be evaluated in future trials.
Clinically-available and laboratory-derived predictors of biomechanical response to standalone and supported lateral wedge insoles in people with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Hunt Michael , Tse Calvin , Ryan Michael , Scott Alexander , Sayre Eric 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Lateral wedge insoles (both standalone and those incorporating individualized arch support) have been frequently studied for the effects on knee joint loading and pain in people with knee osteoarthritis. It has been shown that many people who use these insoles do not obtain the intended biomechanical effect, and thus may not experience a clinical benefit. The ability to identify biomechanical responders to lateral wedge insoles before research or clinical intervention is an important objective for efficient resource use and optimizing patient outcomes.
Methods: We collected a number of demographic (age, sex, body mass index, foot posture), clinical (knee pain, foot pain, radiographic disease severity), and walking-related (speed, knee alignment, frontal plane subtalar movement, and foot rotation) outcomes from 53 individuals with painful, radiographically-confirmed knee osteoarthritis. The walking-related outcomes were obtained using equipment both from research laboratory and clinical setting. We used logistic regression to generate predictive models to determine candidate variables associated with a reduction in the knee adduction moment during walking – a surrogate for tibiofemoral load distribution, and a known biomechanical risk factor for osteoarthritis progression – with the use of standalone and arch-supported lateral wedge insoles. Three different response thresholds (2%, 6%, and 10% reductions in the knee adduction moment) were used.
Results: In general, those who were biomechanical responders were those who walked faster, were female, had less varus alignment, and had less severe radiographic severity. Findings were similar between the standalone and arch-supported lateral wedge insoles, as well as between models using the laboratory-derived or clinically-available measures of walking performance.
Conclusions: Our hypothesis-generating study provides valuable information that will inform future research into the efficient and effective use of lateral wedge insoles in the conservative management of knee osteoarthritis.
Deciphering the differential expression patterns of yield-related negative regulators in hexaploid wheat and F1 hybrids at different growth stages
Authors: Awan Muhammad Jawad Akbar , Farooq Muhammad Awais , Naqvi Rubab Zahra , Karamat Umer , Bukhari Sayyad Ali Raza , Waqas Muhammad Abu Bakar , Mahmood Muhammad Arslan , Buzdar Muhammad Ismail , Rasheed Awais , Amin Imran , Saeed Nasir A. , Mansoor Shahid 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Being a major source of protein and calories in the human diet, bread wheat is cultivated worldwide, and its yield is showing dwindling notion due to various environmental challenges. Hexaploid bread wheat underwent a series of polyploidization events through interspecific hybridizations that conferred adaptive plasticity and resulted in duplication and neofunctionalization of major agronomic genes. Interestingly the genetic architecture of polyploid wheat not only confers adaptive plasticity but also offers huge genetic diversity. However, the contribution of different gene copies (homeologs) encoded from different subgenomes (A, B, D) at different growth stages remained unexplored. In this study, we assessed the differential expression profiles of yield-related negative regulators in elite cultivars of wheat and their F1 hybrids and identified various cis-regulatory signatures that might influence these expression patterns. Furthermore, the differential and preferential expression patterns of the homeologs showed dynamic expression profiles of A, B, and D subgenomes at six different growth stages, portraying the different homeolog-dominance at the same stage in the different cultivars and their F1 hybrids. Based on the expression profiling, hybrid progenies of elite cultivars were developed that showed better heterosis such as up to 17% increase in the average number of grains and up to 50% increase in average thousand grains weight as compared to mid-parents and the F2 segregating populations demonstrated varying yields from high-yielding parents. These results suggest the significance of dynamic transcriptional expression patterns and the regulatory signatures of major genes that can substantially contribute and provide insights for the selective introduction of better cultivars into hybrid breeding programs which can be harnessed for the improvement of future wheat.
LC-MS Analysis, Total Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Fractions of Skin (Epicarp) and Seed Pulp (Mesocarp) of Green and Red Wild Africa Berries.
Authors: BELLO Oluwasesan M. , Nok Evelyn Ali , Musa Bashir , Musharaf Abdullateef , Abiodun Ogbesejana B. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
These green and red wild African berries (Lannea microcarpa) are not cultivated like other known crops but grow in the wild, mostly in the northern part of Nigeria. Although its culinary uses are quite popular during the early part of the rainy season, its chemistry remains vague, hence the present study.
Aim
The study aims at assessing the antioxidant activity of these berries and further identifying the phytocompounds to determine their biofunctional abilities.
Methods and Materials
The fresh fruits of green and red wild berries were collected and identified. The antioxidant activity of the berry types was assessed employing three assays (2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, 2, 2 - azino-bis-(3-ethyl) benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical cation scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) reducing power) of the skin and pulp of green and red wild African berries (FUS = Green Berries Skin, FRS = Red Berries Skin, FSP = Red Berries Seed Pulp, UFSP = Green Berries Seed Pulp). The total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total anthocyanins (TAC) were also investigated. These ethanolic fractions of the extracts were evaluated employing Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS).
Results
Total anthocyanin content is interestingly higher in FRS and FSP (deep red berries) than in FUS and UFSP (green berries). In the DPPH assay, the antioxidant activity of the various parts of the two berry types followed the following trend: UFSP ˃ FUS ˃ FRS ˃ FSP and a similar trend was noticed in the ABTS assay. Interestingly, the H2O2 assay followed the following trend: FUS ˃ UFSP ˃ FRS ˃ FSP. About 21 compounds belonging to different phenolic families, namely anthocyanidins, flavones, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, flavanones, hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, and hydroxycoumarins, were identified. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside is reportedly present in all the parts investigated.
Conclusion
This study provided insight into the phytochemical profiles and pharmacological importance of L. microcarpa beyond its basic nutritional values. This fruit can be useful as a functional food.
Wireless Sensor Networks in Air Pollution Monitoring Using 5G
Authors: Kaur Gurleen , Ishaq Malik Muzamil 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Delhi, known for being one of India's most polluted cities, has garnered worldwide attention due to its severe air pollution issues, surpassing alarming levels of Air Quality Index (AQI). A pivotal event in this context was November 8, 2017, when the pollutant levels spiked, reaching an unprecedented value of 999 ppm. In response to these environmental concerns, our study was undertaken to monitor air quality within the IITD campus, utilizing BME and PMS sensors. The primary objective was to comprehend the concentration levels of particulate matter, specifically PM 2.5 and PM 10, alongside other relevant parameters such as Pressure, Temperature, and Humidity. Weather data from various government sources like Metroblue, aqicn.org, datagov.in, EBAM, and CPCB were incorporated to conduct a comprehensive analysis and establish relationships between different variables. An integral aspect of our research was to develop a prediction model capable of forecasting particulate matter (PM) levels based on other relevant parameters. Time series data forecasting and spatial visualization techniques were employed to explore the dataset effectively. Moreover, correlation statistics, including Pearson coefficient and Spearman coefficient, were applied to examine positive and negative correlations between the various factors under investigation. By adopting a scientific approach and employing robust methodologies, our study provides valuable insights into Delhi's air quality dynamics and contributes to a better understanding of air pollution control measures.
Carbon dioxide adsorption on highly crystalline carbonaceous materials obtained by chemical synthesis
Authors: Albesa Alberto 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The search for materials for the adsorption of carbon dioxide, one of the main gases that cause the greenhouse effect, has put the spotlight on carbonaceous materials, mainly on activated carbons, since they are materials that have a high specific surface area, a wide variety of surface chemistry and, above all, a relatively low cost. However, activated carbons are amorphous materials and their structures could not be accurately characterized to this day. This lack of characterization leads to the synthesis of activated carbons for specific purposes becomes a complicated task since it is difficult to manage parameters such as the distribution of pore sizes, the aforementioned surface chemistry and even to achieve uniformity in the surfaces specific.In this work we examine, using Monte Carlo simulations, the adsorption capacities and isosteric heats of adsorption of new materials that have been synthesized in the laboratory and that have a crystalline structure: Carbon Nanocone by Cascade Annulation, Highly Twisted, Nonplanar Aromatic Macrocycles Enabled by an Axially Chiral 4,5-Diphenylphenanthrene Building Block, Corannulene-Based Nanographenes and Three-Bladed Rylene Propellers with Three-Dimensional Network.We found that the adsorption capacities are greater than those obtained in the majority of activated carbon molecular models and, therefore, are promising candidates for capturing carbon dioxide.
Ambient Carbon Dioxide Concentration Correlates with SARS-CoV-2 Aerostability and Infection Risk
Authors: Haddrell Allen , Oswin Henry , Otero-Fernandez Mara , Robinson Joshua , Cogan Tristan , Alexander Robert , Mann Jamie , Finn Adam , Hill Darryl , Davidson Andrew , Reid Jonathan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

An improved understanding of the underlying physicochemical properties of respiratory aerosol that influence viral infectivity may open new avenues to mitigate the transmission of respiratory diseases such as COVID-19. Previous studies have shown that a rapid increase in the pH of respiratory aerosols following generation due to changes in the gas-particle partitioning of pH buffering bicarbonate ions and carbon dioxide is a significant factor reducing viral infectivity. We show here that a significant increase in viral aerostability results from a moderate increase in the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (e.g. 1,800 ppm), an effect that is more marked than that observed for changes in relative humidity. We model the likelihood of COVID-19 transmission on the ambient concentration of CO2, concluding that even a moderate increase in CO2 concentration results in a significant increase in overall risk. These observations confirm the critical importance of ventilation and maintaining low CO2 concentrations in indoor environments for mitigating disease transmission. Moreover, the impact of CO2 concentration correlating with viral aerostability suggests increased risks of respiratory pathogen transmission will accompany increased ambient CO2 concentrations as our climate changes.
Assessment of Metabolic Tumor Burden in Primary Staging of Rectal Cancers Using Fdg Pet/ct
Authors: Fonseca Juliano Silveira da , Mendes Maria Carolina S. , Amorim Barbara , Santos Allan , Silveira Marina Nogueira , Silva Cleide , Heringer Victor C , Lima Mariana , Martinez Carlos Augusto Real , Coy Claudio Saddy Rodrigues , Carvalheira Jose Barreto Campello , Etchebehere Elba 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
INTRODUCTION
The prognostic value of FDG PET/CT metabolic tumor burden has been established in various solid tumors, but its significance in the staging of rectal cancer remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic role of FDG PET/CT metabolic tumor burden in the primary staging of rectal cancer.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 82 consecutive histology-proven rectal cancer patients, including 29 females (37%), with a mean age of 60.8 years. These patients underwent staging FDG PET/CT, and various metabolic tumor burden parameters (hSUVmax, tuMTV, wbMTV, tuTLG, wbTLG) were calculated. The study assessed the correlation between metabolic tumor burden parameters and overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), as well as histopathology, clinical staging, performance status, bone-mineral indexes, hematology, and therapy management strategies.
RESULTS
The study revealed that metabolic tumor burden, along with the presence of sarcopenia and absence of surgery, were significantly and independently associated with overall survival. Notably, a wbTLG cutoff value of 354 effectively discriminated survivors from non-survivors (p = 0.0007) with 83% specificity. Furthermore, higher whole-body tumor burden (wbTLG: p = 0.0090) and low body mass index (p = 0.0231) were significantly linked to an increased risk of disease progression.
CONCLUSIONS
This research suggests that whole-body tumor burden assessed through staging FDG PET/CT can serve as an independent imaging biomarker for prognostication in rectal cancer patients.