bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sampling a pika's pantry: Temporal shifts in nutritional quality and winter preservation of American pika food caches
Authors: Varner Johanna , Carnes‐Douglas Zoe J. , Monk Emily , Benedict Lauren M. , Whipple Ashley , Dearing M. Denise , Bhattacharyya Sabuj , Griswold Loren , Ray Chris 
Published: May 2023

AbstractClimate change is increasing temperature, decreasing precipitation, and increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations in many ecosystems. As atmospheric carbon rises, plants may increase carbon‐based defenses, such as phenolics, thereby potentially affecting food quality, foraging habits, and habitat suitability for mammalian herbivores. In alpine habitats, the American pika (Ochotona princeps) is a model species for studying effects of changing plant chemistry on mammals. To survive between growing seasons, pikas cache “haypiles” of plants rich in phenolics. Although they are toxic to pikas, phenolic compounds facilitate retention of plant biomass and nutrition during storage, and they degrade over time. Alpine avens (Geum rossii, Rosales: Rosaceae) is a high‐phenolic plant species that comprises up to 75% of pika haypiles in Colorado. Here, we tested the hypothesis that contemporary climate change has affected the nutritional value of alpine avens to pikas in the last 30 years. Specifically, we compared phenolic activity, nutritional quality, and overwinter preservation of plants collected at Niwot Ridge, Colorado (USA), in 1992 to those collected between 2010 and 2018, spanning nearly three decades of climate change. Phenolic activity increased in alpine avens since 1992, while fiber and nitrogen content decreased. Importantly, overwinter preservation of plant biomass also increased, particularly on windblown slopes without long‐lasting snow cover. Previous studies indicate that pikas at this site still depend on alpine avens for their winter food caches. Higher phenolic content in alpine avens could therefore enhance the preservation of haypiles over winter; however, if pikas must further delay consuming these plants to avoid toxicity or invest extra energy in detoxification, then the nutritional gains from enhanced preservation may not be beneficial. This study provides important insights into how climate‐driven changes in plant chemistry will affect mammalian herbivores in the future.
Novel Synthetic Strategy for the Production of Fully Bio‐Based Binders Using 2,5‐Diformylfuran
Authors: Derflinger Christoph , Kamm Birgit , Leitner Georg , Paulik Christian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this work, resol based binders were prepared with lignin, resorcinol and the bio‐based aldehydic platform chemicals 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF). In preliminary studies, the solubility and stability of DFF in aqueous‐alkaline conditions was investigated. Various binders were prepared to investigate the influence of the HMF‐DFF ratio and the influence of the aldehyde concentration on the molar mass, rheological properties and curing characteristics of the final binders. It is shown that significantly higher molecular weights and viscosities are obtained by using DFF instead of HMF. The properties of the final binder could also be affected by the precise choice of DFF concentration, as this resulted in higher levels of crosslinking. This work offers a novel type of fully bio‐based binder that consists of non‐toxic components and is therefore less hazardous than some conventional binders.
Wearable and implantable bioelectronics as eco‐friendly and patient‐friendly integrated nanoarchitectonics for next‐generation smart healthcare technology
Authors: Kim Suhyeon , Baek Seungho , Sluyter Ronald , Konstantinov Konstantin , Kim Jung Ho , Kim Sunkook , Kim Yong Ho 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSince the beginning of human history, the demand for effective healthcare systems for diagnosis and treatment of health problems has grown steadily. However, traditional centralized healthcare requires hospital visits, making in‐time and long‐term healthcare challenging. Bioelectronics has shown potential in patient‐friendly healthcare owing to the rapid advances in diverse fields of biology and electronics. In particular, wearable and implantable bioelectronics have emerged as an alternative or adjunct to conventional healthcare. To develop into next‐generation healthcare systems, however, custom designs for biological targets with a deepened understanding of the intrinsic features of the target are essential. In addition, bioelectronic systems must be designed eco‐friendly for sustainable healthcare. In this review, bioelectronics as eco‐friendly and patient‐friendly integrated nanoarchitectonics as next‐generation smart healthcare technology are described. For an in‐depth understanding of biological targets and guidelines for target‐tailored design, we discuss target‐specific considerations and relevant key parameters of bioelectronic systems with the representative examples.image
Identifying the neural correlates of anticipatory postural control: A novel fMRI paradigm
Authors: Smith Jo Armour , Tain Rongwen , Sharp Kelli G. , Glynn Laura M. , Van Dillen Linda R. , Henslee Korinne , Jacobs Jesse V. , Cramer Steven C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAltered postural control in the trunk/hip musculature is a characteristic of multiple neurological and musculoskeletal conditions. Previously it was not possible to determine if altered cortical and subcortical sensorimotor brain activation underlies impairments in postural control. This study used a novel fMRI‐compatible paradigm to identify the brain activation associated with postural control in the trunk and hip musculature. BOLD fMRI imaging was conducted as participants performed two versions of a lower limb task involving lifting the left leg to touch the foot to a target. For the supported leg raise (SLR) the leg is raised from the knee while the thigh remains supported. For the unsupported leg raise (ULR) the leg is raised from the hip, requiring postural muscle activation in the abdominal/hip extensor musculature. Significant brain activation during the SLR task occurred predominantly in the right primary and secondary sensorimotor cortical regions. Brain activation during the ULR task occurred bilaterally in the primary and secondary sensorimotor cortical regions, as well as cerebellum and putamen. In comparison with the SLR, the ULR was associated with significantly greater activation in the right premotor/SMA, left primary motor and cingulate cortices, primary somatosensory cortex, supramarginal gyrus/parietal operculum, superior parietal lobule, cerebellar vermis, and cerebellar hemispheres. Cortical and subcortical regions activated during the ULR, but not during the SLR, were consistent with the planning, and execution of a task involving multisegmental, bilateral postural control. Future studies using this paradigm will determine mechanisms underlying impaired postural control in patients with neurological and musculoskeletal dysfunction.
Chlorococcum sp. biofilm growth on biochar from olive kernels solid support
Authors: Tsavatopoulou Vasiliki D , Vakros John , Manariotis Ioannis. D 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiofilm is a complex community of microorganisms including microalgae, bacteria and protozoa, which are adhered to a surface. The purpose of an integrated microalgal processing system is the production of biofuels, biomass and other valuable bioproducts as well as wastewater remediation. Biochar is a carbon‐rich and porous substrate, capable of adsorbing nutrients.RESULTSIn this study, biochar produced from olive kernels pyrolyzed at 400 °C was tested as a solid support candidate for adhering Chlorococcum sp. cultures. The substrate used was BG‐11 with 1/3 nitrates and BG‐11 without nitrates and phosphates. After 15 days of cultivation, the biomass attached to biofilm was measured, while different parameters were determined in the liquid. Among the different concentrations of biochar used, the culture containing 1 g L−1 biochar gave the best performance, resulting in 1.28 and 1.24 g microalgae g−1 biochar in the presence and absence of nitrates, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe cultures containing BG‐11 without nitrogen and phosphorus showed leaching of nutrients in the liquid of the reactor. The present findings provide an alternative use of biochar, enhancing the growth of microalgae, and thus encouraging its use as supporting material in bioreactors. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Transcranial sonographic measurement of the third ventricle to detect hydrocephalus in children population: Correlation to computed tomography
Authors: El Adioui G. , Ettouhami B. , Haimeur Y. , Elhaddad S. , Allali N. , Bentalha A. , Chat L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn neuro‐intensive care, transcranial temporal ultrasound is used in adults and children to monitor brain‐injured patients. It is accepted as a valuable tool for exploring brain structures. Our study aims to establish a correlation between the measurement of the third ventricle (V3) by transcranial ultrasound via temporal window and a reference method, computed tomography (CT), which could validate the method for hydrocephalus detection in the children population.DesignThis is a prospective double‐blind study of 34 children under 15 years. Two consultants in intensive care performed the ultrasound while a radiologist performed the CT measurements.ResultsOf the 34 patients included, the V3 could be measured in 88% of cases. Among these 30 patients, there is a good correlation between CT and ultrasound measurements with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.773. This correlation is more important as the diameter of the V3 increases. We could determine a threshold of 3.65 mm in diameter to identify hydrocephalus on ultrasound with a detection sensitivity of 100%, and a specificity of 94.1%.ConclusionMeasuring the diameter of the V3 by trans‐cranial sonography remains a simple, reproducible, non‐invasive tool and has a good correlation with reference examinations such as CT.
Increased prevalence of Parkinson's disease in alkaptonuria
Authors: Ranganath Lakshminarayan , Khedr Milad , Milan Anna M. , Davison Andrew S. , Norman Brendan P. , Janssen Mirian C. H. , Lock Edward , Bou‐Gharios George , Gallagher James A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAmongst a cohort of 88 alkaptonuria (AKU) patients attending the United Kingdom National Alkaptonuria Centre (NAC), four unrelated patients had co‐existing Parkinson's disease (PD). Two of the NAC patients developed PD before receiving nitisinone (NIT) while the other two developed overt PD during NIT therapy. NIT lowers redox‐active homogentisic acid (HGA) and profoundly increases tyrosine (TYR). A further unpublished case of a Dutch patient with AKU and PD on deep brain stimulation is included in this report. A Pubmed search revealed a further five AKU patients with PD, all without NIT usage. The prevalence of PD in AKU in the NAC appears to be nearly 20‐times higher than in the non‐AKU population (p < 0.001) even when adjusted for age. We propose that life‐long exposure to redox‐active HGA may account for the higher prevalence of PD in AKU. Furthermore, the appearance of PD in AKU patients during NIT therapy may be due to unmasking dopamine deficiency in susceptible individuals, as a result of the tyrosinaemia during NIT therapy inhibiting the rate‐limiting brain tyrosine hydroxylase.
Characterization of immune response against monkeypox virus in cohorts of infected patients, historic and newly vaccinated subjects
Authors: Sammartino Josè Camilla , Cassaniti Irene , Ferrari Alessandro , Piralla Antonio , Bergami Federica , Arena Francesca Adua , Paolucci Stefania , Rovida Francesca , Lilleri Daniele , Percivalle Elena , Baldanti Fausto 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMonkeypox virus (MPXV) is a zoonotic disease endemic in the rainforest countries of Central and West Africa. Understanding the immune response in zoonosis is fundamental to prevent and contrast viral spreading. MPXV is a close relative of Variola (smallpox) virus and vaccination with vaccinia virus gives approximatively 85% of protection against MPXV. With the emergence of the recent MPXV outbreak, JYNNEOS vaccine has been proposed to individuals at high‐risk of exposure. Comparative data on MPXV immune response in vaccinated or infected subjects are still limited. Here we set‐up an immunofluorescence method for the evaluation of humoral response elicited by natural infection and healthy vaccinated subjects, including historically smallpox‐vaccinated individuals and newly vaccinated subjects. Neutralization assay was also included, and in vaccinated subjects, cell‐mediated response was evaluated. We observed that the natural infection produces a strong immune response that can control the disease. In naïve subjects, a second dose boosts the serological response to levels similar to those of the MPXV patients. Last, smallpox‐vaccinated controls retain a degree of protection, even after years from vaccination, most visible in the t‐cellular response.
Adults in Northwest China experienced the largest outbreak of Japanese encephalitis in history 10 years after the Japanese encephalitis vaccine was included in the national immunization program: A retrospective epidemiological study
Authors: Zhang Xiaoshu , Jin Na , Tu Aixia , Dong Maoxing , Shi Tianshan , Ren Xiaowei , Liu Shuyu , Zhao Xiaohong , Liu Jianfeng , Wu Zhao , Li Yixing , Wu Dan , Wang Huanyu , Wang Haijun , Hu Yukun , Zhang Bin , Wang Wenjun , Meng Lei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMainland China included Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine in the national immunization program in 2008 to control the JE epidemic. However, Gansu province in Western China experienced the largest JE outbreak since 1958 in 2018. We conducted a retrospective epidemiological study to explore the causes of this outbreak. We found that adults aged ≥20 years (especially those in rural areas) were the main JE cases in Gansu Province, with a significant increase in the JE incidence in older adults aged ≥60 years in 2017 and 2018. In addition, JE outbreaks in Gansu Province were mainly located in the southeastern region, while the temperature and precipitation in Gansu Province were gradually increasing in recent years, which made the JE epidemic areas in Gansu Province gradually spread to the western of Gansu Province. We also found that adults aged ≥20 years in Gansu Province had lower JE antibody positivity than children and infants, and the antibody positivity rate decreased with age. In the summer of 2017 and 2018, the density of mosquitoes (mainly the Culex tritaeniorhynchus) in Gansu Province was significantly higher than in other years, and the genotype of JEV was mainly Genotype‐G1. Therefore, in the future JE control in Gansu Province, we need to strengthen JE vaccination for adults. Moreover, strengthening mosquito surveillance can provide early warning of JE outbreaks and the spread of epidemic areas in Gansu Province. At the same time, strengthening JE antibody surveillance is also necessary for JE control.
Characteristics of Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis in the Elderly
Authors: D'Oto Alexandra , Baker Hayley , Mau Ted , Childs Lesley F. , Tibbetts Kathleen M. 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveTo compare characteristics of patients ≥65 years presenting with idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) to patients diagnosed at <65 years. We hypothesize that the groups have similar comorbidities and disease courses.Data SourcesMedical records of patients treated for iSGS at a tertiary care institution from January 2005–September 2022.Review MethodsPatient demographics, time from symptom onset to diagnosis, medical history and comorbidities, and treatment modalities/intervals were recorded and analyzed. Characteristics of patients ≥65 and <65 years at presentation were compared using Chi‐square analysis for non‐numeric values and the Mann–Whitney U‐test for numeric values.ResultsOne hundred seven patients with iSGS were identified and 16 (15%) were aged ≥65 years (mean age 72.6, 15 female) at presentation. These patients were compared to 91 patients aged <65 years (mean age = 47.6, 90 female). Patients ≥65 years had higher rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (p = 0.004) and tobacco use (p = 0.004). There were no significant differences in body mass index, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hormone replacement therapy, time from symptom onset to presentation, or length of operative treatment intervals.ConclusionPatients ≥65 years with iSGS have higher rates of tobacco use, suggesting that alterations in wound healing may play a role in the development of iSGS in this age group. Although rates of T2DM were higher in the elderly group, clinical significance may be limited given the overall higher rate of diabetes mellitus in the elderly population.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:3075–3079, 2023
Will various interpretation strategies of the same ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry data tell different biogeochemical stories? A first assessment based on natural aquatic dissolved organic matter
Authors: Yi Yuanbi , He Chen , Klaproth Katrin , Merder Julian , Li Penghui , Qi Yulin , Fu Pingqing , Li Siliang , Dittmar Thorsten , Shi Quan , He Ding 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFourier ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR MS), one of the state‐of‐the‐art ultrahigh‐resolution techniques, is widely used in dissolved organic matter (DOM) research. As research that focuses on identifying DOM molecular fingerprints increases tremendously, there is and will be an urgent need to compare among studies. Different research groups usually use various types of data processing and interpretation strategies. It is critical to explore if different interpretation strategies will impact the comparability of FT‐ICR MS results and their biogeochemical interpretations. To address this question, we selected DOM samples along a freshwater‐to‐marine continuum to be measured by negative‐ion mode electrospray ionization FT‐ICR MS. We interpreted the raw MS data using different strategies, compared the results and evaluated the interpretation strategy‐induced effects on biogeochemical interpretations. Our results show that a total of 3827 formulas that account for 91.6% ± 4.1% (on average) of the total intensity are assigned in all interpretation strategies, while 6521 formulas for 8.4% ± 4.1% (on average) of the total intensity are not commonly assigned in all three interpretation strategies. We conclude that (i) different interpretation strategies do not significantly affect the geochemical stories relied on DOM molecular composition, and (ii) comparison based on intensity results gives more reliable results than the formular number alone. Moreover, we also provide raw and interpreted data (by our different strategies) for the community to compare their interpretation. We aim to call attention to the community for improving the comparability of FT‐ICR MS results and facilitating the integration of DOM molecular composition among global studies.
Preparation of Silica Composite Vitrimers via One‐Shot Transformation from Simple Polyesters
Authors: Kimura Takahiro , Hayashi Mikihiro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo solve the conventional problems of chemically cross‐linked polymers, the vitrimer concept has attracted great attention because the associative bond‐exchange nature in vitrimers provides sustainable functions. So far, various vitrimer designs have been reported using different polymer species with compatible bond exchange mechanisms. However, the biggest barrier for the practical application may be the elaborated functional group modification of the starting components and the limited availability of suitable monomers. As a much simpler preparation, recently, a one‐shot preparation of vitrimers from commodity polyesters with no special reactive functional groups by blending and heating with tetra‐functional epoxy molecules and base catalysts has been proposed. In this study, further one‐shot preparation of composite vitrimers with silica nanoparticles (SNPs) is developed. The effects of SNPs on the cross‐linking process and thermo/mechanical properties are first assessed, which reveals the formation of a bound rubber phase on the surfaces of the SNPs. The bound rubber phase also affects the bond exchange features of vitrimers, especially the distribution of relaxation time. Overall, the present facile preparation of composite vitrimers with enhanced mechanical properties could be a hint for practical application, whereas the knowledge on the unique relaxation behaviors of composite vitrimers should be beneficial in the fundamental sense.
Urinary Excretion of Ecdysterone and Its Metabolites Following Spinach Consumption
Authors: Yuliandra Tasha , Touvleliou Konstantina , de la Torre Xavier , Botrè Francesco , Loke Steffen , Isenmann Eduard , Valder Sarah , Diel Patrick , Parr Maria Kristina 
Published: May 2023

ScopeThe phytosteroid ecdysterone is present in spinach. In this study, the urinary elimination of ecdysterone and its metabolites in humans is investigated following spinach consumption of two different culinary preparations.Methods and resultsEight participants (four males, four females) ingested 950 (27.1) g sautéed spinach (average [±standard deviation (SD)]) and 912 (70.6) g spinach smoothie as second intervention after washout. Post‐administration urines are analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). After intake of both preparations, ecdysterone and two metabolites, 14‐deoxy‐ecdysterone, and 14‐deoxy‐poststerone, are excreted in urine. The maximum concentration of ecdysterone is ranging from 0.09 to 0.41 µg mL−1 after sautéed spinach and 0.08–0.74 µg mL−1 after smoothie ingestion. The total excreted amount (mean% [±SD]) in the urine as a parent drug plus the metabolites is only 1.4 (1.0) for both sautéed spinach and smoothie. The apparent sex related differences in 14‐deoxy‐poststerone excretion will need further investigations.ConclusionOnly a small proportion of ecdysterone from spinach is excreted into urine. No significant differences are found in concentration and recovered amount (%) of ecdysterone, 14‐deoxy‐ecdysterone, and 14‐deoxy‐poststerone in urine between sautéed spinach and smoothie ingestion. A discrimination between ecdysterone from food or preparations will be challenging based on urinary concentrations only, at least for later post‐administration samples.