bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among homeless individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Brennecke Anna , Heinrich Fabian , van Rüth Victoria , Dost Katharina , Graf Wiebke , Kowalski Veronika , Rauch Alessandra , Langenwalder Felicia , Püschel Klaus , Ondruschka Benjamin , König Hans-Helmut , Bertram Franziska , Hajek André 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
Thus far, there is very limited knowledge regarding homeless individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly related to the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Thus, our aim was to evaluate HRQoL and to clarify the determinants of HRQoL among homeless individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.

Methods
Data were taken from the national survey on psychiatric and somatic health of homeless individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic—NAPSHI (n = 616). The established EQ-5D-5L was used to quantify problems in five health dimensions, and its visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) was used to record self-rated health status. Sociodemographic factors were included in regression analysis.

Results
Pain/discomfort was the most frequently reported problem (45.3%), thereafter anxiety/depression (35.9%), mobility (25.4%), usual activities (18.5%) and self-care (11.4%). Average EQ-VAS score was 68.97 (SD: 23.83), and the mean EQ-5D-5L index was 0.85 (SD: 0.24). Regressions showed that higher age and having a health insurance were associated with several problem dimensions. Being married was associated with higher EQ-VAS scores.

Conclusions
Overall, our study findings showed a quite high HRQoL among homeless individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Some important determinants of HRQoL were identified (e.g., age or marital status). Longitudinal studies are required to confirm our findings.
Definitions in practice: An interview study
Authors: Coumans V. J.W. , Consoli L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the philosophy of mathematical practice, the aim is to understand the various aspects of this practice. Even though definitions are a central element of mathematical practice, the study of this aspect of mathematical practice is still in its infancy. In particular, there is little empirical evidence to substantiate claims about definitions in practice. In this article, we address this gap by reporting on an empirical investigation on how mathematicians create definitions and which roles and properties they attribute to them. On the basis of interviews with thirteen research mathematicians, we provide a broad range of relevant aspects of definitions. In particular, we address various roles of definitions and show that definitions are not just a product of mathematical factors, but also of social and contingent factors. Furthermore, we provide concrete examples of how mathematicians interact and think about definition. This broad empirical basis with a variety of examples provides an optimal starting point for future investigations into definitions in mathematical practice.
Bone Turnover in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 5D and Healthy Controls — a Quantitative [18F]Fluoride PET Study
Authors: Fuglø Dan , Drachmann Anders Løve Paaske , Heltø Kim Minh Michael , Marner Lisbeth , Hansen Ditte 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent in the aging population and increases the risk of fracture 2–4 times. We compared optimized quantitative [18F]fluoride PET/CT methods to the reference standard with arterial input function (AIF) to identify a clinically accessible method for evaluation of bone turnover in patients with CKD.

Methods
Ten patients on chronic hemodialysis treatment and ten control patients were recruited. A dynamic 60-min [18F]fluoride PET scan was obtained from the 5th lumbar vertebra to the proximal femur simultaneously with arterial blood sampling to achieve an AIF. Individual AIFs were time-shifted to compute a population curve (PDIF). Bone and vascular volumes-of-interest (VOIs) were drawn, and an image-derived-input-function (IDIF) was extracted. PDIF and IDIF were scaled to plasma. Bone turnover (Ki) was calculated with the AIF, PDIF, and IDIF and bone VOIs using a Gjedde-Patlak plot. Input methods were compared using correlations and precision errors.

Results
The calculated Ki from the five non-invasive methods all correlated to the Ki from the AIF method with the PDIF scaled to a single late plasma sample showing the highest correlations (r > 0.94), and the lowest precision error of 3–5%. Furthermore, the femoral bone VOI’s correlated positively to p-PTH and showed significant differences between patients and controls.

Conclusions
Dynamic 30 min [18F]fluoride PET/CT with a population based input curve scaled to a single venous plasma sample is a feasible and precise non-invasive diagnostic method for the assessment of bone turnover in patients with CKD. The method may potentially allow for earlier and more precise diagnosis and may be useful for assessment of treatment effects, which is crucial for development of future treatment strategies.
Beyond neurons and spikes: cognon, the hierarchical dynamical unit of thought
Authors: Rabinovich Mikhail , Bick Christian , Varona Pablo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFrom the dynamical point of view, most cognitive phenomena are hierarchical, transient and sequential. Such cognitive spatio-temporal processes can be represented by a set of sequential metastable dynamical states together with their associated transitions: The state is quasi-stationary close to one metastable state before a rapid transition to another state. Hence, we postulate that metastable states are the central players in cognitive information processing. Based on the analogy of quasiparticles as elementary units in physics, we introduce here the quantum of cognitive information dynamics, which we term “cognon”. A cognon, or dynamical unit of thought, is represented by a robust finite chain of metastable neural states. Cognons can be organized at multiple hierarchical levels and coordinate complex cognitive information representations. Since a cognon is an abstract conceptualization, we link this abstraction to brain sequential dynamics that can be measured using common modalities and argue that cognons and brain rhythms form binding spatiotemporal complexes to keep simultaneous dynamical information which relate the ‘what’, ‘where’ and ‘when’.
Pollination and floral insect visitors of non-native Crataegus monogyna Jacq and Crataegus mexicana DC (Rosaceae) in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Tshilingalinga Sydney , Heshula Lelethu Unathi-Nkosi Peter , Forbanka Derick Nomuh , Jama Kanyisa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCrataegus species (Rosaceae) or hawthorns form dense thickets and displace native vegetation out of their native range. In South Africa, Crataegus monogyna and C. mexicana are under surveillance but there is lack of information on their pollination ecology. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the pollination mechanism and potential insect pollinators of these plants. Pollinator exclusion experiments were conducted on ten plants each of C. monogyna and C. mexicana near the towns of Hogsback and Seymour respectively, in the Eastern Cape Province. Flowers of each of these species were also observed to determine the diversity and distribution of insect visitors throughout the day (i.e. morning, mid day and afternoon). The results showed that C. monogyna and C. mexicana are capable of self and cross-pollination. Fruit set from open inflorescences of C. monogyna was 40.88 ± 0.08%, significantly higher than bagged inflorences. Fruit set from open inflorescences of C. mexicana was 48.18 ± 0.03%, significantly higher than those of bagged inflorescences. Hymenopterans were the most frequent visitors on C. monogyna flowers while dipterans were the most frequent visitors on C. mexicana flowers. The distribution of insects did not vary with the time of day for each plant species. Insect pollination, therefore, plays a significant role in the fruiting of C. monogyna and C. mexicana in the Eastern Cape. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of the ecology and phenology of Crataegus species in South Africa and thus the evaluation of their invasive status.
The mission of the INFN-Cultural Heritage Network: the multifaceted example of the Macro-XRF scanner experience
Authors: Ruberto Chiara 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe mission of the Cultural Heritage Network of the Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN-CHNet) is presented here through a “virtuous” example: the activity related to the Macro-X-Ray Fluorescence (MA-XRF) scanner. The main focus of INFN-CHNet is the collaboration and sharing of knowledge among the network members, to better address the issues of Cultural Heritage operators, while the fields of activity are research (instrumental development and data management), analysis of cultural objects, education of young scholars and professionals, and dissemination to the general public. In this context, the MA-XRF scanner exemplifies the objectives of INFN-CHNet, being the first instrument developed, tested and optimised jointly by several INFN-CHNet partners. It was designed to be an open (free access to information on processes, components and materials), low-cost system, based on sustainability and interoperability, and modular. All these features allow for easy replication of instruments in any node of the network or reuse of system/subsystem also in different projects. Moreover, for the MA-XRF scanner, the whole path from data acquisition to their storage, management and visualisation/reuse has been addressed. The activities related to the scanner clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach of CHNet in all the issues that arise in conservation and study of CH.
Hepatitis E Virus in the Iberian Peninsula: A Systematic Review
Authors: Santos-Silva Sérgio , da Silva Dias Moraes Danny Franciele , López-López Pedro , Rivero-Juarez António , Mesquita João R. , Nascimento Maria São José 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOne of the most frequent causes of acute viral hepatitis is hepatitis E virus (HEV) causing 20 million infections worldwide each year and 44,000 deaths. Studies on HEV in the Iberian Peninsula have been increasing through time with HEV infection being identified in humans and animals. The aim of the present systematic review was to compile and evaluate all the published data on HEV from studies performed in humans, animals and environmental samples in the Iberian Peninsula. The electronic databases Mendeley, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were thoroughly searched, and research published up until February 01, 2023 were included. Resulting in a total of 151 eligible papers by full reading and application of PRISMA exclusion/inclusion criteria. Overall, the present review shows that several HEV genotypes, namely HEV-1, 3, 4, and 6 as well as Rocahepevirus, are circulating in humans, animals, and in the environment in the Iberian Peninsula. HEV-3 was the most common genotype circulating in humans in Portugal and Spain, as expected for developed countries, with HEV-1 only being detected in travelers and emigrants from HEV endemic regions. Spain is the biggest pork producer in Europe and given the high circulation of HEV in pigs, with HEV-3 being primarily associated to zoonotic transmission through consumption of swine meat and meat products, in our opinion, the introduction of an HEV surveillance system in swine and inclusion of HEV in diagnostic routines for acute and chronic human hepatitis would be important. Additionally, we propose that establishing a monitoring mechanism for HEV is crucial in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence of this illness and the various strains present in the Iberian Peninsula, as well as their potential impact on public health.
Family Processes and the Emotional and Behavioural Well-being of Autistic Children and Youth: A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies
Authors: Fitzgerald Billy , McCusker Christopher , Dempsey Maria , Dunn Galvin Audrey 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEmotional and behavioural difficulties including depression, anxiety, and hyperactivity are elevated in autistic children (AC). Family processes of a psychological nature are associated with these difficulties, but the direction of influence is uncertain. We searched seven bibliographic databases for prospective, quantitative studies on the impact of family processes across the parent, dyad, and family system levels on the later well-being of AC without intellectual disability, across a minimum of six months. Eligible studies were extracted following PRISMA guidelines and narratively synthesised. Sixteen of the 17 studies included for review reported significant associations between at least one family process and later well-being. Parenting stress and aspects of the parent–child relationship yielded most robust associations. Weaker support was found for parent mental health problems. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
Optimising the Utility of In Vitro Tests for the Diagnosis of Drug Allergy: Insights from a Clinical Perspective
Authors: Sabaté-Brescó Marina , Quan Paola Leonor , Goikoetxea María José 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Purpose of review
To outline currently validated in vitro tests for the diagnosis of drug hypersensivity reactions (DHRs) and to provide useful strategies to optimise the utility of these tools.

Recent findings
Regarding in vitro tests for DHR, the main concern, at present, is low sensitivity. Thus, most of the efforts are currently directed towards improving the existing techniques and developing new assays with better diagnostic performance.

Summary
The management of DHRs is particularly challenging. Current strategies for diagnosis are focused on taking a thorough clinical history, evaluating sensitization using skin testing and performing supervised challenges. In vitro tests may potentially add information to the diagnostic algorithms for the management of DHRs. The presently available assays, however, pose significant limitations in terms of availability and validation. Maximizing their yield and accuracy, therefore, requires a tailored approach, focused on an appropriate clinical characterisation of the reaction. The time elapsed between drug administration and symptom presentation, as well as symptom duration, should be closely taken into consideration. In this review, existing validated in vitro techniques that may support the diagnosis of both immediate and non-immediate DHRs are summarised. Clues for optimizing their diagnostic yield are given.
Spatial Parameters for Circular Construction Hubs: Location Criteria for a Circular Built Environment
Authors: Tsui Tanya , Furlan Cecilia , Wandl Alexander , van Timmeren Arjan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractImplementing a circular economy in cities has been proposed by policy makers as a potential solution for achieving sustainability in the construction sector. One strategy that has gained interest by both policy makers and companies is to develop “circular construction hubs”: locations that collect, store, and redistribute waste as secondary resources. However, there is limited literature taking a spatially explicit view, identifying the spatial parameters that could affect the locations of hubs both for now and in the future. This study therefore aims to categorize different types of circular hubs for the construction industry, collect spatial parameters required for finding suitable locations for each type of circular hub, and translate the spatial parameters into a list of data and spatial analysis methods that could be used to identify potential future locations. The study used the Netherlands as a case study, extracting spatial parameters from two sources: Dutch governmental policy documents on circular economy and spatial development and interviews with companies operating circular hubs. Four types of circular construction hubs were identified: urban mining hubs, industry hubs, local material banks, and craft centers. The spatial parameters were extracted for each type of hub from four perspectives: resources (such as material type, business model), accessibility (such as mode and scale of transportation), land use (such as plot size, land use), and socio-economic (such as labor availability). The parameters were then translated into a list of spatial data and analysis methods required to identify future locations of circular construction hubs.
US-guided ablation of tumors – where is it used and how did we get there
Authors: Wu Jia-peng , Yu Jie , Fowlkes J. Brian , Liang Ping , Nolsøe Christian Pállson 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAblation under ultrasound (US) guidance for the treatment of various tumors in liver, thyroid, prostate, kidney, uterine and many other organs evolved extensively in the past decades. Major ablative techniques, including radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, high intensity focused ultrasound, cryoablation, percutaneous ethanol injection, laser ablation and irreversible electroporation, have all been widely applied and ablation is recommended by several guidelines as first-line or alternative therapy e.g. hepatocellular carcinoma in early stage, T1a stage renal cell carcinoma and thyroid nodules. In the current article, we reviewed 2508 articles on tumor ablation under US guidance and present the status of US-guided tumor ablation globally.
Using Terms and Conditions to apply Fundamental Rights to Content Moderation
Authors: Quintais João Pedro , Appelman Naomi , Ó Fathaigh Ronan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLarge online platforms provide an unprecedented means for exercising freedom of expression online and wield enormous power over public participation in the online democratic space. However, it is increasingly clear that their systems, where (automated) content moderation decisions are taken based on a platformʼs terms and conditions (T&Cs), are fundamentally broken. Content moderation systems have been said to undermine freedom of expression, especially where important public interest speech ends up suppressed, such as speech by minority and marginalized groups. Indeed, these content moderation systems have been criticized for their overly vague rules of operation, inconsistent enforcement, and an overdependence on automation. Therefore, in order to better protect freedom of expression online, international human rights bodies and civil society organizations have argued that platforms “should incorporate directly” principles of fundamental rights law into their T&Cs. Under EU law, and apart from a rule in the Terrorist Content Regulation, platforms had until recently no explicit obligation to incorporate fundamental rights into their T&Cs. However, an important provision in the Digital Services Act (DSA) will change this. Crucially, Article 14 DSA lays down new rules on how platforms can enforce their T&Cs, including that platforms must have “due regard” to the “fundamental rights” of users under the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. In this article, we critically examine the topic of enforceability of fundamental rights via T&Cs through the prism of Article 14 DSA. We ask whether this provision requires platforms to apply EU fundamental rights law and to what extent this may curb the power of Big Tech over online speech. We conclude that Article 14 will make it possible, in principle, to establish the indirect horizontal effect of fundamental rights in the relationship between online platforms and their users. But in order for the application and enforcement of T&Cs to take due regard of fundamental rights, Article 14 must be operationalized within the framework of the international and European fundamental rights standards. If this is possible Article 14 may fulfil its revolutionary potential.
Implementing strategies to prevent infections in acute-care settings
Authors: Trivedi Kavita K. , Schaffzin Joshua K. , Deloney Valerie M. , Aureden Kathy , Carrico Ruth , Garcia-Houchins Sylvia , Garrett J. Hudson , Glowicz Janet , Lee Grace M. , Maragakis Lisa L. , Moody Julia , Pettis Ann Marie , Saint Sanjay , Schweizer Marin L. , Yokoe Deborah S. , Berenholtz Sean 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis document introduces and explains common implementation concepts and frameworks relevant to healthcare epidemiology and infection prevention and control and can serve as a stand-alone guide or be paired with the “SHEA/IDSA/APIC Compendium of Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections in Acute Care Hospitals: 2022 Updates,” which contain technical implementation guidance for specific healthcare-associated infections. This Compendium article focuses on broad behavioral and socio-adaptive concepts and suggests ways that infection prevention and control teams, healthcare epidemiologists, infection preventionists, and specialty groups may utilize them to deliver high-quality care. Implementation concepts, frameworks, and models can help bridge the “knowing-doing” gap, a term used to describe why practices in healthcare may diverge from those recommended according to evidence. It aims to guide the reader to think about implementation and to find resources suited for a specific setting and circumstances by describing strategies for implementation, including determinants and measurement, as well as the conceptual models and frameworks: 4Es, Behavior Change Wheel, CUSP, European and Mixed Methods, Getting to Outcomes, Model for Improvement, RE-AIM, REP, and Theoretical Domains.
Identifying the dialectal background of American Finnish speakers using a supervised machine-learning model
Authors: Ivaska Ilmari , Johnson Mirva , Kurki Tommi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study presents results of two experiments using supervised machine-learning models to examine individual Finnish speakers’ dialectal backgrounds. Data come from interviews conducted with heritage speakers of Finnish in northern Wisconsin and are compared to data from the Finnish Dialect Syntax Archive. The models were constructed and then, following successful validation testing, used to identify the dialectal background of five individual American Finnish speakers. Results showed individual variation in dialectal backgrounds and some correlation to speakers’ likely language input. Our approach offers a new methodological tool for examining speakers’ dialectal backgrounds in situations of language contact.
Early adverse stress and depression severity: A pilot exploration of mediating psychological mechanisms
Authors: Martínez Pablo , Gloger Sergio , Dagnino Paula , de Medina Dante Diez 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjective:To explore the associations between early adverse stress, attachment insecurity in adulthood (anxious and avoidant), pathological personality styles (self-criticism and dependency), difficulties in emotion regulation, and depression severity.Methods:Cross-sectional study of 178 outpatients diagnosed with major depression in Santiago, Chile. Participants filled the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form, the Experience in Close Relationships Scale, the Depressive Experience Questionnaire, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 item. Full-information maximum likelihood path analyses with bias-corrected bootstrapped confidence intervals were conducted.Results:Anxious attachment in adulthood and self-criticism mediated the association between early adverse stress and depression severity through their effects on difficulties in emotion regulation. Early adverse stress was not associated with avoidant attachment in adulthood and dependency; these variables were indirectly associated with depression severity. Difficulties in emotion regulation were exclusively directly related to depression severity, mediating the effects of the preceding variables.Conclusions:Our findings propose an integrative model for psychological mechanisms mediating between early adverse stress and depression. Difficulties in emotion regulation should be considered when treating adults with depression exposed to early adverse stress. The contribution of specific types of early adverse stressors and difficulties in emotion regulation should be further explored.