bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primates unleashed
Authors: Amici Federica , Liebal Katja 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Before claiming major differences between the communication systems of humans and other species, it is necessary to (1) overcome methodological limitations in the comparative study of communicative intentions; (2) account for mechanisms other than epistemic vigilance that may also sustain complex forms of communication; and (3) better differentiate between motivational and cognitive factors potentially affecting the emergence of open-ended communication.
Ostensive communication, market exchange, mindshaping, and elephants
Authors: Ross Don 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Heintz & Scott-Phillips's hypothesis that the topic range and type diversity of human expressive communication gains support from consilience with prior accounts of market exchange as fundamental to unique human niche construction, and of mindshaping as much more important than mindreading. The productivity of the idea is illustrated by the light it might shed on why elephants seem to engage in continuous social communication for little evident purpose.
A game of cat and mouse: Human rights protection and the problem of corporate law and power
Authors: Villiers Charlotte 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHuman rights violations by corporations are widespread and have a broad spectrum: damage to people’s health through pollution, environmental accidents and health and safety failures, forced labour or child labour, underpaid workers, displaced communities, contaminated water sources, use of excessive force, and discrimination, for example by race, gender or sexuality. Corporate violence, resulting from a long history of corporate power and colonialism continues today as corporations have grown into powerful global conglomerates. Through complex and opaque multinational groups and supply chains, use of corporate law concepts such as the corporate veil, as well as other actions such as tax avoidance and lobbying of national and international political institutions, corporate actors remain free to pursue their goals. Despite efforts to combat corporate harm through the development of a business and human rights movement success has been limited and significant gaps remain in the global governance required to ensure protection. This article argues that, similar to a cat and mouse game, corporations find new ways to defend themselves against those seeking to dismantle their power or to prevent human rights infringements. The problem is rooted in structural and systemic inequalities within the international legal framework and in company laws that maintain corporate structures that obstruct the human rights movement’s progress. The current drive towards a more sustainable business agenda requires a just transition, including transformation of global and corporate structures to tackle human rights violations and the inequalities of power and wealth that facilitate such violations.
On the Development of the SAMI2 Ionosphere Model
Authors: Huba J. D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe development of the ionosphere model SAMI2 at the Naval Research Laboratory is described. The genesis of the code and the adversities we faced in developing the model are described. The evolution of the numerical algorithms used is discussed as well as the decision to open‐source the code. An example of a new discovery made with the code, the formation of an electron “hole” in the nighttime, high‐altitude, low‐latitude ionosphere, is given.
The 2021 Antarctic Total Eclipse: Ground Magnetometer and GNSS Wave Observations From the 40 Degree Magnetic Meridian
Authors: Coyle S. E. , Hartinger M. D. , Clauer C. R. , Baker J. B. H. , Cnossen I. , Freeman M. P. , Weygand J. M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOn 04 December 2021, a total solar eclipse occurred over west Antarctica. Nearly an hour beforehand, a geomagnetic substorm onset was observed in the northern hemisphere. Eclipses are suggested to influence magnetosphere‐ionosphere (MI) coupling dynamics by altering the conductivity structure of the ionosphere by reducing photoionization. This sudden and dramatic change in conductivity is not only likely to alter global MI coupling, but it may also introduce a variety of localized instabilities that appear in both hemispheres. Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) based observations of the total electron content (TEC) in the southern high latitude ionosphere during the December 2021 eclipse show signs of wave activity coincident with the eclipse peak totality. Ground magnetic observations in the same region show similar activity, and our analysis suggest that these observations are due to an “eclipse effect” rather than the prior substorm. We present the first multi‐point interhemispheric study of a total south polar eclipse with local TEC observational context in support of this conclusion.
Recycled Carbonate‐Bearing Silicate Sediments in the Sources of Circum‐Mediterranean K‐Rich Lavas: Evidence From Mg‐Zn Isotopic Decoupling
Authors: Shu Zi‐Tan , Liu Sheng‐Ao , Prelević Dejan , Wang Yu , Foley Stephen F. , Cvetković Vladica , Li Shuguang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe high flux of subaerial volcanic CO2 emissions around the circum‐Mediterranean region requires the involvement of an unusually carbon‐rich reservoir, but the origin of which is still unclear. Here, we aim to resolve this problem by analyzing Mg and Zn isotopes for the widely distributed mafic potassic to ultrapotassic lavas in this region. These K‐rich lavas have lower δ26Mg but similar δ66Zn compared to mid‐ocean ridge basalts (MORB). No known magmatic processes can explain the isotopic data, which must therefore be characteristics of the mantle sources. Recycled carbonate sediments are capable of explaining the low δ26Mg, but they typically also have high δ66Zn. Thus, the low δ26Mg but unfractionated δ66Zn of these K‐rich lavas define “Mg‐Zn isotopic decoupling” which has not yet been observed for other types of mantle‐derived lavas. The carbonate‐bearing silicate sediments analyzed here possess low δ26Mg and MORB‐like δ66Zn, which can account for the Mg‐Zn isotopic decoupling. Therefore, the nature of recycled materials (carbonates vs. carbonate‐bearing silicate sediments) in the mantle can be distinguished by the coupling or decoupling of Mg and Zn isotopes of mantle‐derived magmas. The input flux of carbon from the sediments to the lithospheric mantle is estimated to be ∼8.1 Mt/yr, and ∼22.4 Mt/yr of CO2 emissions are predicted, which fit well with the observed output flux of 20.1 ± 13.4 Mt/yr. Our results demonstrate that recycled crustal carbon stored in the lithospheric mantle is an important source for the extensive subaerial volcanic CO2 emissions in the circum‐Mediterranean region.
Bridging Scales: An Approach to Evaluate the Temporal Patterns of Global Transpiration Products Using Tree‐Scale Sap Flow Data
Authors: Bittencourt Paulo , Rowland Lucy , Sitch Stephen , Poyatos Rafael , Miralles Diego G. , Mencuccini Maurizio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTranspiration is a key process driving energy, water and thus carbon dynamics. Global transpiration products are fundamental for understanding and predicting vegetation processes. However, validation of these transpiration products is limited, mainly due to lack of suitable data sets. We propose a method to use SAPFLUXNET, the first quality‐controlled global tree sap flow (SF) database, for evaluating transpiration products at global scale. Our method is based on evaluating temporal mismatches, rather than absolute values, by standardizing both transpiration and SF products. We evaluate how transpiration responses to hydro‐meteorological variation from the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM), a widely used global transpiration product, compare to in situ responses from SAPFLUXNET field data. Our results show GLEAM and SAPFLUXNET temporal trends are in good agreement, but diverge under extreme conditions. Their temporal mismatches differ depending on the magnitude of transpiration and are not random, but linked to energy and water availability. Despite limitations, we show that the new global SAPFLUXNET data set is a valuable tool to evaluate T products and identify problematic assumptions and processes embedded in models. The approach we propose can, therefore, be the foundation for a wider use of SAPFLUXNET, a new, independent, source of information, to understand the mechanisms controlling global transpiration fluxes.
Borealis: An Advanced Digital Hardware and Software Design for SuperDARN Radar Systems
Authors: McWilliams K. A. , Detwiller M. , Kotyk K. , Krieger K. , Rohel R. , Billett D. D. , Huyghebaert D. , Ponomarenko P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Borealis radar system is a hardware and software upgrade to the conventional Super Dual Auroral Radar Network radar system, which has been used since the early 1990s. The conventional system has hardware and software that is aging, and many components are no longer supported. Limitations of the conventional system limit radar and data techniques for scientific discovery. Using software defined radios, Borealis has improved the flexibility, capabilities, and security of the radar system. Borealis has improved system monitoring and diagnostics and enables more complex experiments. Borealis provides improvements in spatial and temporal resolution. The system can perform full field‐of‐view imaging, pulse phase encoding and simultaneous multi‐frequency operations. With Borealis, data quality and system reliability has been improved. New radar and signal processing techniques are in development to further improve the capabilities of the system and of the data quality.
Association between the extent of house collapse and urine sodium-to-potassium ratio of victims affected by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mikami Takahiro , Tanno Kozo , Sasaki Ryohei , Takanashi Nobuyuki , Kotozaki Yuka , Asahi Koichi , Tanaka Fumitaka , Omama Shinichi , Kogure Mana , Nakaya Naoki , Nakamura Tomohiro , Tsuchiya Naho , Narita Akira , Hozawa Atsushi , Hitomi Jiro , Sakata Kiyomi , Sasaki Makoto 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPeople who experience natural disasters have a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the association between the extent of house collapse and urine sodium-to-potassium (UNa/K) ratio of 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake victims. We used the baseline survey data of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Community-Based Cohort Study of 29 542 individuals (aged 20–74 years) residing in the affected areas. The UNa/K ratio was calculated using spot urinary electrolyte values. Analysis of covariance was used to calculate the multivariate-adjusted geometric means of the UNa/K ratio in the following groups stratified according to the self-reported extent of house collapse: total collapse (TC), half collapse (HC), partial collapse (PC), and no damage (ND). Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for a high UNa/K ratio were calculated using logistic regression. The TC, HC, PC, and ND groups comprised 5 359 (18.1%), 3 576 (12.1%), 7 331 (24.8%), and 13 276 (44.9%) participants, respectively. The TC (3.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.28–3.38), HC (3.37; 3.30–3.43), and PC (3.32; 3.28–3.37) groups had significantly higher multivariate-adjusted geometric means of the UNa/K ratio than the ND (3.24; 3.21–3.27) group. The multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for a high UNa/K ratio in the TC, HC, and PC groups vs. the ND group were 1.07 (0.99–1.15), 1.20 (1.11–1.31), and 1.20 (1.12–1.28), respectively. Similar associations between house collapse and UNa/K ratio were observed for both sexes. We report that victims of a natural disaster tend to have a diet with high sodium-to-potassium ratio.
Structural basis for clearing of ribosome collisions by the RQT complex
Authors: Best Katharina , Ikeuchi Ken , Kater Lukas , Best Daniel , Musial Joanna , Matsuo Yoshitaka , Berninghausen Otto , Becker Thomas , Inada Toshifumi , Beckmann Roland 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTranslation of aberrant messenger RNAs can cause stalling of ribosomes resulting in ribosomal collisions. Collided ribosomes are specifically recognized to initiate stress responses and quality control pathways. Ribosome-associated quality control facilitates the degradation of incomplete translation products and requires dissociation of the stalled ribosomes. A central event is therefore the splitting of collided ribosomes by the ribosome quality control trigger complex, RQT, by an unknown mechanism. Here we show that RQT requires accessible mRNA and the presence of a neighboring ribosome. Cryogenic electron microscopy of RQT-ribosome complexes reveals that RQT engages the 40S subunit of the lead ribosome and can switch between two conformations. We propose that the Ski2-like helicase 1 (Slh1) subunit of RQT applies a pulling force on the mRNA, causing destabilizing conformational changes of the small ribosomal subunit, ultimately resulting in subunit dissociation. Our findings provide conceptual framework for a helicase-driven ribosomal splitting mechanism.
Cholesterol esters form supercooled lipid droplets whose nucleation is facilitated by triacylglycerols
Authors: Dumesnil Calvin , Vanharanta Lauri , Prasanna Xavier , Omrane Mohyeddine , Carpentier Maxime , Bhapkar Apoorva , Enkavi Giray , Salo Veijo T. , Vattulainen Ilpo , Ikonen Elina , Thiam Abdou Rachid 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCellular cholesterol can be metabolized to its fatty acid esters, cholesteryl esters (CEs), to be stored in lipid droplets (LDs). With triacylglycerols (TGs), CEs represent the main neutral lipids in LDs. However, while TG melts at ~4 °C, CE melts at ~44 °C, raising the question of how CE-rich LDs form in cells. Here, we show that CE forms supercooled droplets when the CE concentration in LDs is above 20% to TG and, in particular, liquid-crystalline phases when the fraction of CEs is above 90% at 37 °C. In model bilayers, CEs condense and nucleate droplets when the CE/phospholipid ratio reaches over 10-15%. This concentration is reduced by TG pre-clusters in the membrane that thereby facilitate CE nucleation. Accordingly, blocking TG synthesis in cells is sufficient to strongly dampen CE LD nucleation. Finally, CE LDs emerged at seipins, which cluster and nucleate TG LDs in the ER. However, when TG synthesis is inhibited, similar numbers of LDs are generated in the presence and absence of seipin, suggesting that seipin controls CE LD formation via its TG clustering capacity. Our data point to a unique model whereby TG pre-clusters, favorable at seipins, catalyze the nucleation of CE LDs.
Antibiotic thermorubin tethers ribosomal subunits and impedes A-site interactions to perturb protein synthesis in bacteria
Authors: Parajuli Narayan Prasad , Emmerich Andrew , Mandava Chandra Sekhar , Pavlov Michael Y. , Sanyal Suparna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThermorubin (THB) is a long-known broad-spectrum ribosome-targeting antibiotic, but the molecular mechanism of its action was unclear. Here, our precise fast-kinetics assays in a reconstituted Escherichia coli translation system and 1.96 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of THB-bound 70S ribosome with mRNA and initiator tRNA, independently suggest that THB binding at the intersubunit bridge B2a near decoding center of the ribosome interferes with the binding of A-site substrates aminoacyl-tRNAs and class-I release factors, thereby inhibiting elongation and termination steps of bacterial translation. Furthermore, THB acts as an anti-dissociation agent that tethers the ribosomal subunits and blocks ribosome recycling, subsequently reducing the pool of active ribosomes. Our results show that THB does not inhibit translation initiation as proposed earlier and provide a complete mechanism of how THB perturbs bacterial protein synthesis. This in-depth characterization will hopefully spur efforts toward the design of THB analogs with improved solubility and effectivity against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Sub-resolution contrast in neutral helium microscopy through facet scattering for quantitative imaging of nanoscale topographies on macroscopic surfaces
Authors: Eder Sabrina D. , Fahy Adam , Barr Matthew G. , Manson J. R. , Holst Bodil , Dastoor Paul C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNanoscale thin film coatings and surface treatments are ubiquitous across industry, science, and engineering; imbuing specific functional or mechanical properties (such as corrosion resistance, lubricity, catalytic activity and electronic behaviour). Non-destructive nanoscale imaging of thin film coatings across large (ca. centimetre) lateral length scales, crucial to a wide range of modern industry, remains a significant technical challenge. By harnessing the unique nature of the helium atom–surface interaction, neutral helium microscopy images these surfaces without altering the sample under investigation. Since the helium atom scatters exclusively from the outermost electronic corrugation of the sample, the technique is completely surface sensitive. Furthermore, with a cross-section that is orders of magnitude larger than that of electrons, neutrons and photons, the probe particle routinely interacts with features down to the scale of surface defects and small adsorbates (including hydrogen). Here, we highlight the capacity of neutral helium microscopy for sub-resolution contrast using an advanced facet scattering model based on nanoscale features. By replicating the observed scattered helium intensities, we demonstrate that sub-resolution contrast arises from the unique surface scattering of the incident probe. Consequently, it is now possible to extract quantitative information from the helium atom image, including localised ångström-scale variations in topography.
Hypothesis-free phenotype prediction within a genetics-first framework
Authors: Lu Chang , Zaucha Jan , Gam Rihab , Fang Hai , Ben Smithers  , Oates Matt E. , Bernabe-Rubio Miguel , Williams James , Zelenka Natalie , Pandurangan Arun Prasad , Tandon Himani , Shihab Hashem , Kalaivani Raju , Sung Minkyung , Sardar Adam J. , Tzovoras Bastian Greshake , Danovi Davide , Gough Julian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCohort-wide sequencing studies have revealed that the largest category of variants is those deemed ‘rare’, even for the subset located in coding regions (99% of known coding variants are seen in less than 1% of the population. Associative methods give some understanding how rare genetic variants influence disease and organism-level phenotypes. But here we show that additional discoveries can be made through a knowledge-based approach using protein domains and ontologies (function and phenotype) that considers all coding variants regardless of allele frequency. We describe an ab initio, genetics-first method making molecular knowledge-based interpretations for exome-wide non-synonymous variants for phenotypes at the organism and cellular level. By using this reverse approach, we identify plausible genetic causes for developmental disorders that have eluded other established methods and present molecular hypotheses for the causal genetics of 40 phenotypes generated from a direct-to-consumer genotype cohort. This system offers a chance to extract further discovery from genetic data after standard tools have been applied.
Anticancer properties of curcumin-treated Lactobacillus plantarum against the HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Gholipour Faranak , Amini Mohammad , Baradaran Behzad , Mokhtarzadeh Ahad , Eskandani Morteza 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProbiotic bacteria with functions of importance to the health and well-being of the host exhibit various medicinal properties including anti-proliferative properties against cancer cells. There are observations demonstrating probiotic bacteria and their metabolomics can be different in various populations with different eating habits. Here, Lactobacillus plantarum was treated with curcumin (the major compound of turmeric), and its resistance to the curcumin was determined. After then the cell-free supernatants of untreated bacteria (CFS) and bacteria treated with curcumin (cur-CFS) were isolated and their anti-proliferative properties against HT-29 colon cancer cells were compared. The ability of L. plantarum treated with curcumin to combat a variety of pathogenic bacterial species and its ability to survive in acidic conditions were evidence that the probiotic properties of the bacterium were unaffected by the curcumin treatment. L. plantarum treated with curcumin and intact L. plantarum were both able to live in acidic conditions, according to the results of the resistance to low pH test. The MTT result showed that CFS and cur-CFS dose-dependently decreased the growth of HT29 cells with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 181.7 and 116.3 µL/mL at 48 h, respectively. Morphological alteration of DAPI-stained cells also exhibited significant fragmentation in the chromatin within the nucleus of cur-CFS-treated cells compared to CFS-treated HT29 cells. Moreover, flow cytometry analyses of apoptosis and cell cycle confirmed DAPI staining and MTT assay results and stipulated the increased occurrence of programmed cell death (apoptosis) in cur-CFS-treated cells (~ 57.65%) compared to CFS-treated cells (~ 47%). These results were more confirmed with qPCR and exhibited the upregulation of Caspase 9–3 and BAX genes, and downregulation of the BCL-2 gene in cur-CFS- and CFS-treated cells. In conclusion, turmeric spice and curcumin may affect the metabolomics of probiotics in intestinal flora which could subsequently influence their anticancer properties.
Multi-objective integrated optimization study of prefabricated building projects introducing sustainable levels
Authors: Peng Junlong , Feng Yue , Zhang Qi , Liu Xiangjun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs construction becomes greener, people have higher and higher requirements for engineering project management, which makes it necessary to deeply study the comprehensive optimization of schedule, cost and sustainability level. Adhering to the concept of low carbon and green, the article takes carbon emission factor into the total cost of building construction and improves the traditional cost objective of engineering projects; then quantitatively analyzes the economic, environmental and social impacts of assembled buildings from the perspective of sustainability, and introduces the sustainability objective into the traditional duration-cost problem study, taking the duration of each job in the double code arrow diagram as the independent variable to construct the duration -cost-sustainability level multi-objective optimization model. In order to solve the type effectively, a series of Pareto optimal solutions are obtained using the NSGA-II algorithm, and the efficacy coefficient method is used for program decision making. The results show that the Pareto solution set can provide effective support for the project manager’s decision making, and the NSGA-II algorithm is effective in solving the multi-objective optimization model.