bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen, helium and thermo-acoustic refrigerators
Authors: Prashantha B. G. , Narasimham G. S. V. L. , Seetharamu S. , Hemadri Vinayak B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this work the design and analysis of 1 kW thermo-acoustic refrigerators with hydrogen and helium for the temperature difference of 38 K is discussed. Helium is the best for thermoacoustic refrigerators compared to the other competent gases. But hydrogen is chosen since it is less expensive and better thermophysical properties compared to helium. The best parallel plates geometry with 15% blockage is chosen for the stack and heat exchangers. The effect of resonance frequency of hydrogen and helium varying from 400–600 Hz on the theoretical performance is discussed. The coefficient of performance and the power density of 1.65 and 40.3 kW/m3 for hydrogen, and 1.58 and 19.2 kW/m3 for helium is reported for the optimized designs, respectively. The theoretical results are compared with the DeltaEC software results, shows the cooling power and coefficient of performance of 590 W and 1.11 for hydrogen, and 687 W and 1.25 for helium, respectively.
Self-Supervised Learning for Industrial Image Anomaly Detection by Simulating Anomalous Samples
Authors: Pei Mingjing , Liu Ningzhong , Zhao Bing , Sun Han 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIndustrial image anomaly detection (AD) is a critical issue that has been investigated in different research areas. Many works have attempted to detect anomalies by simulating anomalous samples. However, how to simulate abnormal samples remains a significant challenge. In this study, a method for simulating anomalous samples is designed. First, for the object category, patch extraction and patch paste are designed to ensure that the extracted image patches come from the objects and are pasted to the objects in the image. Second, based on the statistical analysis of various anomalies’ presence, a combination of data augmentation is proposed to cover various anomalies as much as possible. The method is evaluated on MVTec AD and BTAD datasets; the experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves an overall detection AUC of 97.6% in MVTec AD datasets, outperforming the baseline by 1.5%, and the improvement over VT-ADL method is 4.3% on the BTAD datasets, demonstrating our method’s effectiveness and generalization.
Early Death Among COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-sectional Analysis of the First 10,000 COVID-19 Deaths from the Indian State of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Pilakkadavath Zarin , Weinberg Janice M. , Kuriakose Serin , Ebrahim Shahul H. , Bhat Lekha D. , Vijayan Bindhya , Khan Salman , Jose Soji D. , Rajeev Premini , Azariah Jinbert L. , Koya Shaffi Fazaludeen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Tamil Nadu state reported the second highest number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in India. In this study, we aimed to describe and determine the risk factors for early death among the first 10,000 COVID-19 deaths in the state.

Methods
We conducted a cross sectional analysis of state government administrative data to describe deaths, examine the differences between early deaths and non-early deaths, and calculate the risks of early death for several independent variables. All p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results
In total, 4147 early deaths (41.5%) were recorded; the median age of patients who suffered from early death was significantly lower [64 years; interquartile range (IQR): 55–72] when compared with patients who did not suffer from early death (65 years; IQR: 56–73). After adjusting for comorbidities, age, and the time elapsed from the onset of symptoms to hospitalization; we found that the risk of early death was significantly lower for males [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72, 0.93; p = 0.002], among rich individuals (aOR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.92; p = 0.004), in the richest districts (aOR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.84; p < 0.001) and for those who received treatment in private facilities (aOR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.51; p < 0.001.

Conclusions
The risk of early deaths among the first 10,000 reported COVID deaths in the Tamil Nadu state of India was higher in patients treated in government hospitals especially in the poorest districts probably indicating a lack of infrastructure in government facilities or the overburdening of government facilities at least in the early phase of the pandemic.
Bioremediation of RDX and HMX contaminated soil employing a biochar-based bioformulation
Authors: Sharma Kirty , Sharma Praveen , Sangwan Pritam 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCompounds like Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and Octahydro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetranitro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrazocine (HMX) are categorised as a secondary explosive. These secondary explosives are widely employed for defence and civil purposes worldwide. The release of explosive compounds in the environment during their production, storage and usage results in severe soil and water contamination. Pollution caused by explosives is a major concern as it is recalcitrant in nature and has toxic effects on human beings, animals and plants. There is a need to find an eco-friendly and sustainable approach to deal with explosive contaminated soil. In the present study, bioformulation was prepared with explosive degrading bacteria to treat explosive contaminated soil. Bioformulation consisted of coconut husk-derived biochar as a carrier material and Arthrobacter subterraneus as an active ingredient. The survivability of bacteria and performance of bioformulation with different concentrations of explosive compounds were analysed. Results showed that Arthrobacter subterraneus could immobilise with biochar and can survive up to 6 months. The prepared bioformulation was able to degrade up to 85.98% RDX and 80.4% HMX in contaminated soil in a time duration of 30 days. A significant increase in nitrite concentration, a major byproduct of RDX and HMX biodegradation, was found in soil treated with bioformulation. Thus, bioformulation can be applied to remediate explosive-contaminated sites as an eco-friendly technique.
Graphical Abstract
A combinatorial model for the transition matrix between the Specht and -web bases
Authors: Hwang Byung-Hak , Jang Jihyeug , Oh Jaeseong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We introduce a new class of permutations, called web permutations. Using these permutations, we provide a combinatorial interpretation for entries of the transition matrix between the Specht and

$\operatorname {SL}_2$

-web bases of the irreducible

$ \mathfrak {S}_{2n} $

-representation indexed by

$ (n,n) $

, which answers Rhoades’s question. Furthermore, we study enumerative properties of these permutations.
Contribution of active surveillance cultures to the control of hospital-acquired carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in an endemic hospital setting
Authors: Ben-David Debby , Cohen Yael , Levi Gabrielle , Keren-Paz Alona , Tasher Diana , Zandman-Goddard Gisele , Schwartz Orna , Maor Yasmin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground:Despite the increasing rates of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) carriage among hospitalized patients in endemic settings, the role of active surveillance cultures and cohorting is still debated. We sought to determine the long-term effect of a multifaceted infection-control intervention on the incidence of CRAB in an endemic setting.Methods:A prospective, quasi-experimental study was performed at a 670-bed, acute-care hospital. The study consisted of 4 phases. In phase I, basic infection control measures were used. In phase II, CRAB carriers were cohorted in a single ward with dedicated nursing and enhanced environmental cleaning. In phase III large-scale screening in high-risk units was implemented. Phase IV comprised a 15-month follow-up period.Results:During the baseline period, the mean incidence rate (IDR) of CRAB was 44 per 100,000 patient days (95% CI, 37.7–54.1). No significant decrease was observed during phase II (IDR, 40.8 per 100,000 patient days; 95% CI, 30.0–56.7; P = .97). During phase III, despite high compliance with control measures, ongoing transmission in several wards was observed and the mean IDR was 53.9 per 100,000 patient days (95% CI, 40.5–72.2; P = .55). In phase IV, following the implementation of large-scale screening, a significant decrease in the mean IDR was observed (25.8 per 100,000 patient days; 95% CI, 19.9–33.5; P = .03). An overall reduction of CRAB rate was observed between phase I and phase IV (rate ratio, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4–0.9; P < .001).Conclusions:The comprehensive intervention that included intensiﬁed control measures with routine active screening cultures was effective in reducing the incidence of CRAB in an endemic hospital setting.
The PopuList: A Database of Populist, Far-Left, and Far-Right Parties Using Expert-Informed Qualitative Comparative Classification (EiQCC)
Authors: Rooduijn Matthijs , Pirro Andrea L. P. , Halikiopoulou Daphne , Froio Caterina , Van Kessel Stijn , De Lange Sarah L. , Mudde Cas , Taggart Paul 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWith a proliferation of scholarly work focusing on populist, far-left, and far-right parties, questions have arisen about the correct ways to ideologically classify such parties. To ensure transparency and uniformity in research, the discipline could benefit from a systematic procedure. In this letter, we discuss how we have employed the method of ‘Expert-informed Qualitative Comparative Classification’ (EiQCC) to construct the newest version of The PopuList (3.0) – a database of populist, far-left, and far-right parties in Europe since 1989. This method takes into account the in-depth knowledge of national party experts while allowing for systematic comparative analysis across cases and over time. We also examine how scholars have made use of the previous versions of the dataset, explain how the new version of The PopuList differs from previous ones, and compare it to other data. We conclude with a discussion of the strengths and limitations of The PopuList dataset.
HOLLYWOOD: The political economy and global citation of an emblematic language object
Authors: Smith Sean P. , Järlehed Johan , Jaworski Adam 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The HOLLYWOOD sign is arguably the world's most famous language object. Emblematic of prestige and cultural capital, the sign can be found not just in Los Angeles, but in citations all over the world. Beginning with the history of its valorization, HOLLYWOOD is shown to emanate symbolic value through a set of enregistered semiotic features. Drawing upon a set of globally sourced citations of HOLLYWOOD, the circulation and stratified bundling of size, emplacement, alignment, typeface, and color indicates how the citation of language objects is mediated by political economy. A process of diffuse citation is further observed, in which the quotation of language features is not overt, but the source of emanation is still tangible, revealing HOLLYWOOD as the source of a global linguistic-semiotic register. As this register circulates in citations overt and diffuse, language objects are revealed as key sites for the reproduction of commodity values. (The Hollywood sign, language object, citation, enregisterment, global emblems, recontexualization)*
Social Connectedness Between Family Caregivers and Older Adults Living in Long-Term Care Homes in the Context of COVID-19
Authors: Garnett Anna , Pollock Hannah , Floriancic Natalie , Prentice Kristin , Donelle Lorie , Hand Carri , Oudshoorn Abe , Babenko-Mould Yolanda , Forchuk Cheryl 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and resulting restrictions on physical access to long-term care homes culminated in health declines for older adults living there and their families. Knowledge gaps exist regarding maintaining social connectedness when physically separated. The study aimed to explore family members’ perceptions of the impact that restrictions on physical access to long-term care homes had on the experience of social connectedness between family members and older adults living in long-term care. The method used was a qualitative description, using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Themes arising from inductive qualitative content analysis of 21 interviews with family members included: (a) lack of connection threatening mental, emotional health, and physical health; (b) navigating trust in the unknown; (c) feelings of stress and anxiety for family members; and (d) technology – an asset, but not for everyone. Study findings suggest more emphasis should be placed on supporting social connections between older adults and their families in the context of long-term care beyond COVID-19.
A Republic Goes to War: Federalists, Republicans, and Foreign Influence
Authors: HALPERIN TERRI DIANE 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the 1790s, the United States faced a series of crises—both domestic and foreign—which many believed threatened the nation’s very existence. These culminated in the Quasi-War with France beginning in 1796. The Federalist majority identified the greatest threats to the Republic as foreigners and their willing or unwitting American allies. Thus, they enacted the Alien and Sedition Acts in 1798 and other laws to allay these threats. Throughout the ensuing debates, Federalists emphasized the dangers of foreign nations who sought to separate the American people from their government. Republicans challenged Federalists’ fears as overblown and defined the real threat as the Federalists themselves who justified the expansion of the general government’s power and the infringement of individual rights in the name of national security. Americans engaged in their first debate about the meaning and limits of liberty and security.
Evaluation of an experiment to increase availability of healthier snack foods in vending machines situated within English sports facilities
Authors: Evans Charlotte EL , Worth Stuart , White Rachel , Strachan Emma K 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the impact of increased availability of healthier options on purchasing of different types of vending snack products sold in English leisure (sports) centres.Design:An evaluation of an intervention using pre-post methods and interrupted time series analysis. Products within the vending machines were altered over three phases to increase the availability of healthier options, using agreed nutrition criteria – Government Buying Standards for Food and Catering Services (GBSF) for England – as a guide, as well as product availability. The primary outcome was the change in mean weekly purchased energy between the first and third phase. Secondary outcomes included changes by phase and by week in weekly number of purchases, fats, sugars and salt for all products combined and by individual product categories.Setting:Fifteen sports centres in the city of Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.Participants:Snack products sold in eighteen vending machines.Results:Energy purchased reduced from baseline to phase 2, for all product categories combined, by 47·25 MJ (95 % CI (−61·22, −33·27)) per machine and by 279 kJ, (95 % CI (−325, −266)) per product unit. There were reductions in most nutrients purchased in all individual product categories except chocolate confectionery. Nutrients per product unit decreased for all product categories except saturated fat in chocolate confectionery. Minimal underlying trends in the baseline phase were identified, indicating changes in outcomes were likely to be due to the intervention.Conclusions:Introducing standards to increase availability of healthier snack products in vending machines is feasible without substantially affecting sales.
Does narrow row spacing suppress weeds and increase yields in corn and soybean? A meta-analysis
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Thapa Resham , Singh Navdeep , Mirsky Steven B. , Acharya Bharat S. , Jhala Amit J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNarrow row spacing (<76 cm) could improve crop competitiveness, suppress weeds and might provide yield advantage. Many studies have been conducted to evaluate the impact of narrow row spacing; however, no quantitative synthesis of these studies exists. The objectives of this meta-analysis were to (1) quantify the overall effect of narrow row spacing (<76 cm) on weed density, biomass, control, weed seed production, and yield in corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] compared with 76-cm row spacing, and (2) assess the influence of agronomic management decisions (tillage type, weed management, herbicide application frequency and time) on effect of narrow row spacing on weed suppression and corn and soybean yield. We compiled 1,904 pair-wise observations from 35 studies conducted in 12 states in the United States during 1961 to 2018. Averaged across individual observations, narrow row spacing suppressed weed density by 34%, weed biomass by 55%, and weed seed production by 45%, while it improved weed control by 32% and crop yield by 11% compared with 76-cm row spacing. Narrow row spacing in soybean suppressed weed density by 42%, weed biomass by 71%, and increased crop yield by 12% compared with 76-cm row spacing. Although narrow row spacing had a nonsignificant effect on response variables in corn, the number of studies (n = 1 to 6) and observations (n = 1 to 59) addressing each response variable were limited. Tillage type (conventional and reduced) did not influence the response of weed density, control, and seed production in narrow row spacing; however, weed biomass and weed seed production were more greatly reduced with the sequential application of herbicides compared with a single application. Thus, narrow row spacing in soybean can be integrated with other options for management of herbicide-resistant weeds.
Measurement Invariance Widely Holds for the Yale-Brown Obsessive	Compulsive Scale
Authors: Schulze Daniel , Reuter Benedikt , Elsner Björn , Kathmann Norbert 
Published: September 2023

Abstract: The clinician-rated Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) is a widely used assessment tool for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the measurement invariance (MI) properties of the Y-BOCS, a prerequisite for group or time point comparisons in clinical research, have received little attention in previous studies. In this study, we aim to comprehensively investigate the factor structure and MI of the Y-BOCS severity rating and its symptom checklist, utilizing a large sample of OCD patients ( N = 1,066). Our analysis considers various MI covariates, including time (pre- and post-therapy), severity, comorbidity, previous treatments, and demographics. Overall, the majority of tests conducted on the Y-BOCS severity rating and its symptom checklist revealed no substantial issues with MI, reinforcing the validity of the Y-BOCS for comparative clinical research. Specifically, we discuss a three-factor model for the severity rating, contrasting with a two-factor model for obsessions and compulsions when excluding the resistance items. Notably, our findings underscore the advantages and validity of employing latent factors rather than sum scores to model OCD severity and symptoms.
Polar Vortex Strength Impacts on the Longitudinal Structure of Thermospheric Composition and Ionospheric Electron Density
Authors: Greer K. R. , Goncharenko L. P. , Harvey V. L. , Pedatella N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis work examines the weak stratospheric polar vortex event in late February 2008 and the strong polar vortex event in late February 2021 to understand the potential influence of polar vortex strength on midlatitude thermospheric composition and ionospheric plasma density. The weak polar vortex event shows a reduction in thermospheric O/N2 at all longitudes, changes in the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) that vary with longitude, and an intensification of the semidiurnal tides. The strong polar vortex event shows O/N2 elevated by up to 25% in the Asian sector and a 25% decrease in semidiurnal tidal amplitude. The TEC response during the strong polar vortex event is complex and shows enhanced TEC in the Asian sector where O/N2 is elevated. These are the first observations of anomalies in the thermospheric composition and ionospheric plasma associated with a strong polar vortex event.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and thyroid hormone measurements in dried blood spots and neonatal characteristics: a pilot study
Authors: Rosen Vollmar Ana K. , Lin Elizabeth Z. , Nason Sara L. , Santiago Katerina , Johnson Caroline H. , Ma Xiaomei , Godri Pollitt Krystal J. , Deziel Nicole C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Pediatric thyroid diseases have been increasing in recent years. Environmental risk factors such as exposures to chemical contaminants may play a role but are largely unexplored. Archived neonatal dried blood spots (DBS) offer an innovative approach to investigate environmental exposures and effects.

Objective
In this pilot study, we applied a new method for quantifying per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to 18 archived DBS from babies born in California from 1985–2018 and acquired thyroid hormone measurements from newborn screening tests. Leveraging these novel data, we evaluated (1) changes in the concentrations of eight PFAS over time and (2) the relationship between PFAS concentrations, thyroid hormone concentrations, and neonatal characteristics to inform future research.

Methods
PFAS concentrations in DBS were measured using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Summary statistics and non-parametric Wilcoxon rank-sum and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to evaluate temporal changes in PFAS concentrations and relationships between PFAS concentrations, thyroid hormone concentrations, and neonatal characteristics.

Results
The concentration and detection frequencies of several PFAS (PFOA, PFOS, and PFOSA) declined over the assessment period. We observed that the timing of specimen collection in hours after birth was related to thyroid hormone but not PFAS concentrations, and that thyroid hormones were related to some PFAS concentrations (PFOA and PFOS).

Impact statement
This pilot study examines the relationship between concentrations of eight per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), thyroid hormone levels, and neonatal characteristics in newborn dried blood spots (DBS) collected over a period of 33 years. To our knowledge, 6 of the 22 PFAS we attempted to measure have not been quantified previously in neonatal DBS, and this is the first study to examine both PFAS and thyroid hormone concentrations using DBS. This research demonstrates the feasibility of using newborn DBS for quantifying PFAS exposures in population-based studies, highlights methodological considerations in the use of thyroid hormone data for future studies using newborn DBS, and indicates potential relationships between PFAS concentrations and thyroid hormones for follow-up in future research.