bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Springtime Southwest Cloud Bands in the Central Caribbean
Authors: Jury Mark R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Southwest cloud bands during spring (April and May) bring rains to central Caribbean islands at the end of the dry season. A cluster analysis of daily 500-hPa geopotential height fields for 1980–2021 identifies a low-west–high-east dipole pattern related to Pacific–North America response to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and springtime wet spells over the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. The regional dipole and local rain time series are ranked to identify the top 10 cases for analysis of meteorological conditions. Hovmöller plots of midlevel meridional wind and specific humidity during April 1983 and May 1986 wet spells reveal a standing Rossby wave train pattern that converges moisture onto the leading edge of a subtropical trough. Composite vertical sections during Caribbean Sea wet spells reveal lower easterly–upper westerly wind anomalies over South America associated with the equatorial Madden–Julian oscillation. Thunderstorm clusters within the southwesterly airflow induce multiday wet spells and flash floods. A second statistical method demonstrated how ENSO underpins Caribbean spring climate anomalies via tropical ocean–atmosphere Rossby wave coupling. Historical trends and long-range projections indicate that springtime tropical–midlatitude interactions may diminish due to an accelerating Hadley cell and retreating jet stream, leading to a delayed onset of the wet season across the Antilles Islands.
Stability of Constant and Variable Coefficient Semi-Implicit Schemes for the Fully Elastic System of Euler Equations in the Case of Steep Slopes
Authors: Burgot Thomas , Auger Ludovic , Bénard Pierre 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Crank–Nicolson temporal schemes are usually employed in most semi-implicit models commonly applied in numerical weather prediction. These schemes are approached by fixed points methods like the iterative centered implicit scheme, where a linear operator is introduced to invert the implicit problem. When this operator is spatially dependent the scheme is a variable coefficient one, and a constant coefficient one otherwise. Constant and variable coefficient temporal schemes are analyzed and tested on idealized test cases to improve numerical stability on the steepest slopes of the orography encountered at hectometric scales. These analyses and experiments are conducted for the fully elastic system of Euler equations for different slopes and different thermal residuals. Because of their low computational cost, several strategies can be easily tested. None of the strategies considered for constant coefficient schemes significantly improves numerical stability without worsening efficiency or accuracy. Hence, constant coefficient schemes are probably not the most suitable schemes for high-resolution computing. A successful strategy consists in using the same features of constant coefficient schemes except for the orographic terms that are implicitly treated, resulting in a variable coefficient scheme. In this case, slopes up to 70° can be easily reached, even in the case of a moderate thermal residual. Since estimates on the condition number of the implicit problem containing orographic terms remains low even in case of steep slopes, the implicit problem should be easily inverted by an iterative solver.
The Influence of Cell Mergers on Supercell Characteristics and Tornado Evolution on 27–28 April 2011
Authors: Lyza Anthony W. , Flournoy Matthew D. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Numerous questions remain regarding the influence of environmental inhomogeneities on supercell evolution. Motivated by this topic, this study associates cell-merger occurrence with supercell evolution and tornado production during the prolific 27–28 April 2011 outbreak in the U.S. Southeast. This event included 29 discrete supercells that produced 102 tornadoes and featured 300 cell mergers. Cell-merger frequency increased for supercells that initiated farthest east, possibly owing to changes in overall convective coverage over time. There is some signal for stronger mesocyclones to be associated with more mergers in the primary supercell’s forward flank. There is also a slight tendency for supercells that encounter more cell mergers to produce tornadoes more quickly, especially for those that formed away from a significant zonal boundary. However, there is a slight tendency for supercells spawning the longest-lived tornadoes (especially those with durations over 60 min) to be associated with fewer cell mergers during the 15-min window preceding tornadogenesis. Of particular importance, a significant inverse relationship exists between premerger mesocyclone strength and the subsequent change in mesocyclone strength during the merger (i.e., weaker mesocyclones tended to strengthen as a result of the merger, and vice versa). These findings highlight the influence that cell mergers can have on supercell evolution and tornado production—even within an incredibly volatile environment—and motivate future work exploring the physical processes involved and ways to translate these findings into experimental techniques or guidance for operational forecasters.

Significance Statement
The prolific 27–28 April 2011 supercell tornado outbreak in the U.S. Southeast featured 29 supercells that produced 102 tornadoes. This study analyzes mergers between these tornadic supercells and 300 weaker cells to determine if the mergers corresponded with important supercell characteristics. This appeared to be the case during this event; cell-merger events tended to be associated with tornadic periods of the supercells’ life cycles and influenced low- and midlevel mesocyclone strength, supercell evolutionary time scales, and subsequent tornado duration. These results are important for (i) better understanding of different supercell evolutionary paths in similar background environments and (ii) motivating future work in investigating experimental products related to these findings.
Improvement of the hydraulic system in a rail grinder based on the grinding effect
Authors: Zeng Luqing , Cui Dabin , Li Li , Liu Tao 
Published: February 2023

Rail grinding is an important method for metro rail maintenance. The rail grinding process is a mechanical, electric, and hydraulic coupling process built on vehicle-track relationship. A low grinding power may result in a low grinding effect, whereas a high grinding power may cause a white layer and damage to the rail. Constant-power grinding is the traditional grinding method, and the grinding effect is constrained by this undifferentiated grinding style. In this study, first, a rail grinding model is established. The goal of this study was to improve the hydraulic system by installing check valves at the oil inlet and outlet. The grinding pressure at the peak of rail irregularity was increased through the delayed pressure relief induced by these valves, and the grinding effect was improved. Normal corrugation allows for the maintenance of the grinding pressure and an improvement in the peak clipping effect. Under severe corrugation, the grinding pressure can be released and the grinding power fluctuation can be narrowed. The difference in corrugation depth before and after grinding under normal corrugation was taken as the objective function. The extreme value of grinding power under severe corrugation is a boundary condition. The cracking pressure of the check valve in the oil outlet was optimised. The optimal cracking pressure of this check valve was analysed in this study using modelling and simulation. The results showed that the optimal cracking pressure for this valve was 60 psi. The grinding effect increased by 12.7% under normal corrugation using this improved technique. Additionally, during severe corrugation, maximum grinding power is 30 kW, which is within the allowable range.
Neuroprotective Effects of P-Coumaric Acid on Haloperidol-Induced Catalepsy Through Ameliorating Oxidative Stress and Brain Dopamine Level
Authors: Pathan Afsar S. , Jain Pankaj G. , Kumawat Vivek S. , Katolkar Ujwal N. , Surana Sanjay J. 
Published: February 2023

Objective To evaluate the effect of p-coumaric acid (p-CA) on haloperidol-induced catalepsy in Swiss albino male mice. Methods To induce catalepsy, haloperidol (1 mg/kg i.p.) was administered for 21 consecutive days. p-CA (50, 75, and 100 mg/kg, PO) was administered 30 min before haloperidol injection for 21 consecutive days. For catalepsy, locomotor activity and motor coordination scores were recorded on the 17, 14, and 21 days of drug treatment, while the gait analysis score was recorded on day 21. After behavioral testing, animals were sacrificed, and various biochemical and histopathology tests of the brain were conducted. Dopamine, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activity were examined in the brain. Results Chronic administration of haloperidol significantly increased catalepsy in mice. It also produced hypolocomotion, motor coordination, and gait disturbance in mice. p-CA significantly inhibited haloperidol-induced catalepsy. Haloperidol significantly increased malondialdehyde levels in the brain. While dopamine levels in the brain dropped along with GSH, SOD, and catalase activity levels, which also had an impact on the histology of the brain. p-CA significantly reduced haloperidol-induced increases in brain oxidative stress, dopamine levels in the brain, and brain histology in mice. Discussion p-CA significantly reduced haloperidol-induced catalepsy, possibly through reducing oxidative stress and increasing brain dopamine levels. It can be a good candidate drug for extrapyramidal symptoms in Parkinson’s disease and adjuvant therapy with antipsychotic drugs.
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair in Patients with Concomitant Cancer: A Literature Review
Authors: Nielsen Anne C , Nicolajsen Chalotte W , Eldrup Nikolaj 
Published: February 2023

Objectives Abdominal aortic aneurysmal (AAA) repair in patients with concomitant cancer is controversial due to increased comorbidity and reduced life expectancy in this specific patient group. This literature review aims to investigate the evidence supporting one treatment modality over another (endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) or open repair (OR)), as well as treatment strategy (staged AAA-, cancer first or simultaneous procedures) in patients with AAA and concomitant cancer. Methods Literature review, including studies published from 2000 to 2021 on surgical treatment in patients with AAA and concomitant cancer and related outcomes (30-day morbidity/complications as well as 30-day and 3-year mortality). Results 24 studies comprising 560 patients undergoing surgical treatment of AAA and concomitant cancer were included. Of these, 220 cases were treated with EVAR and 340 with OR. Simultaneous procedures were performed in 190 cases, 370 received staged procedures. The 30-day mortality for EVAR versus OR was 1% and 8%, corresponding to a relative risk (RR) of 0.11 (95% CI: 0.03–0.46, p = 0.002). No difference in mortality was observed between staged versus simultaneous procedure nor between AAA-first versus cancer-first strategy, RR 0.59 (95% CI: 0.29–1.1, p = 0.13) and 0.88 (95% CI 0.34–2.31, p = 0.80), respectively. Overall, 3-year mortality was 21% for EVAR and 39% for OR from 2000–2021, while the mortality up to 3 years after EVAR within recent years (2015–2021) was 16%. Conclusion This review supports EVAR treatment as first choice if suitable. No consensus was established on treating either the aneurysm or the cancer first or simultaneously . Long-term mortality after EVAR was comparable to non-cancer patients within recent years.
Achieving no evidence of disease activity-3 in highly active multiple sclerosis patients treated with cladribine and monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Alonso Ricardo , Casas Magdalena , Lazaro Luciana , Fernandez Liguori Nora , Pita Cecilia , Cohen Leila , Rojas Juan Ignacio , Pappolla Agustín , Patrucco Liliana , Cristiano Edgardo , Burgos Marcos , Vrech Carlos , Piedrabuena Raul , Pablo Lopez , Deri Norma , Luetic Geraldine , Miguez Jimena , Cabrera Mariela , Martinez Alejandra , Zanga Gisela , Tkachuk Verónica , Tizio Santiago , Carnero Contentti Edgar , Knorre Eduardo , Leguizamon Felisa , Mainella Carolina , Nofal Pedro , Liwacki Susana , Hryb Javier , Menichini Maria , Pestchanker Claudia , Alonso Marina , Garcea Orlando , Silva Berenice 
Published: February 2023

Background We aimed to determine the proportion of highly active multiple sclerosis patients under high-efficacy therapies (HETs) achieve no evidence of disease activity-3 (NEDA-3) at 1 and 2 years, and to identify factors associated with failing to meet no evidence of disease activity 3 at 2 years. Methods This retrospective cohort study based on Argentina Multiple Sclerosis patient registry (RelevarEM), includes highly active multiple sclerosis patients who received HETs. Results In total, 254 (78.51%) achieved NEDA-3 at year 1 and 220 (68.12%) achieved NEDA-3 at year 2. Patients who achieved NEDA-3 at 2 years had a shorter duration of multiple sclerosis ( p < 0.01) and a shorter time between first treatment and current treatment ( p = 0.01). Early high-efficacy strategy patients reached NEDA-3 more frequently ( p < 0.01). Being a naïve patient (odds ratio: 3.78, 95% confidence interval 1.50–9.86, p < 0.01) was an independent predictor to reach NEDA-3 at 2 years. No association was found between type of HETs and NEDA-3 at 2 years when adjusted for potential confounders (odds ratio: 1.73; 95% confidence interval 0.51–6.06, p 0.57). Conclusion We found a high proportion of patients who achieved NEDA-3 at 1 and 2 years. Early high-efficacy strategy patients had a higher probability of achieving NEDA-3 at 2 years.
Quantifying the environmental characteristics influencing the attractiveness of commercial agglomerations with big geo-data
Authors: Huang Zhou , Yin Ganmin , Peng Xia , Zhou Xiao , Dong Quanhua 
Published: February 2023

Understanding the attractiveness of commercial agglomerations contributes to urban planning. Existing studies focus less on commercial agglomerations, and most directly use environmental supply factors to characterize attractiveness. This study measures attractiveness from the perspective of human demand. Specifically, we build a novel bipartite graph based on big geo-data of human mobility, using node centralities (degree, betweenness, and pagerank) to measure attractiveness. Next, we summarize multisource environmental features such as Point-of-Interests (POIs), land cover, transportation, and population, and use them as inputs to accurately predict attractiveness based on random forest. Finally, the spatial heterogeneity of the effects of these environmental variables on attractiveness is analyzed by multiscale geographically weighted regression. The results of the Beijing case show that: (1) All three centralities show a trend that the urban center is higher than the surrounding area, and betweenness is more reasonable. (2) Random forest can accurately predict attractiveness, with R2 for degree, betweenness, and pagerank at 0.903, 0.846, and 0.760, respectively. (3) The number of shopping POIs, the length of main roads, and the number of bus stops positively affect attractiveness, while the effects of greening ratio and population density are bidirectional. As for the service scope, about 70% of commercial agglomerations have an average service radius of less than 15 km, which is significantly correlated with the Voronoi diagram. Our results can inspire understanding the human–environment relationship and guide urban policymakers in business planning.
Clinical factors associated with adverse clinical outcomes in elderly versus non-elderly COVID-19 emergency patients: a multi-center observational study
Authors: Puchongmart Chanokporn , Boonmee Phetsinee , Jirathanavichai Supawich , Phanprasert Nutthida , Thirawattanasoot Netiporn , Dorongthom Thawonrat , Monsomboon Apichaya , Praphruetkit Nattakarn , Ruangsomboon Onlak 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused over 6 million deaths worldwide. The elderly accounted for a large proportion of patients with their mortality rate largely higher than the non-elderly. However, limited studies have explored clinical factors associated with poor clinical outcomes in this important population. Therefore, this study aimed to determine factors independently associated with adverse clinical outcomes among COVID-19 elderly patients.

Methods
We conducted a multicenter observational study at five emergency departments (EDs) in Thailand. Patients over 18 years old diagnosed with COVID-19 between January and December 2021 were included. We classified patients into elderly (age ≥ 65 years) and non-elderly (age < 65 years). The primary clinical outcome was in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcomes were endotracheal intubation and intensive care unit admission. We identified independent factors associating with these outcomes both in the whole population and separately by age group using multivariate logistic regression models.

Results
A total of 978 patients were included, 519 (53.1%) were elderly and 459 (46.9%) were non-elderly, and 254 (26%) died at hospital discharge. The mortality rate was significantly higher in the elderly group (39.1% versus 14.3%, p<0.001)). In the elderly, age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.13; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1—1.2; p<0.001), male sex (aOR 3.64; 95%CI 1.5–8.8; p=0.004), do-not-resuscitate (DNR) status (aOR 12.46; 95%CI 3.8–40.7; p<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (aOR 0.96; 95%CI 0.9–1.0; p=0.002), body temperature (aOR 1.74; 95%CI 1.0–2.9; p=0.036), and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (aOR 0.71; 95%CI 0.5–1.0; p=0.026) were independent baseline and physiologic factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Only DNR status and GCS score were associated with in-hospital mortality in both the elderly and non-elderly, as well as the overall population. Lower total bilirubin was independently associated with in-hospital mortality in the elderly (aOR 0.34; 95%CI 0.1–0.9; p=0.035), while a higher level was associated with the outcome in the non-elderly. C-reactive protein (CRP) was the only laboratory factor independently associated with all three study outcomes in the elderly (aOR for in-hospital mortality 1.01; 95%CI 1.0–1.0; p=0.006).

Conclusion
Important clinical factors associated with in-hospital mortality in elderly COVID-19 patients were age, sex, DNR status, diastolic blood pressure, body temperature, GCS score, total bilirubin, and CRP. These parameters may aid in triage and ED disposition decision-making in this very important patient population during times of limited resources during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Epidemiology and source of infection in cancer patients with febrile neutropenia: an experience from a developing country
Authors: Joudeh Nagham , Sawafta Elana , Abu Taha Adham , Hamed Allah Majd , Amer Riad , Odeh Razan Y. , Salameh Husam , Sabateen Ali , Aiesh Banan M. , Zyoud Sa’ed H. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a life-threatening complication that predisposes cancer patients to serious infections. This study aims to describe the epidemiology and source of infection in cancer patients with FN in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods
A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted in a large tertiary care hospital from January 2020 to December 2021. Data on cancer patients with FN were collected from the hospital information system.

Results
150 cancer patients with FN were identified during the study period. Most patients were males (98; 65.3%), and the mean age of participants was 42.2 ± 16.0 years. Most patients (127; 84.7%) had hematologic malignancies, and acute myeloid leukemia was the most common diagnosis (42; 28%), followed by acute lymphocytic leukemia (28; 18.7%) and Hodgkin’s lymphoma (20; 13.3%). Fifty-four (36%) patients had a median Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) scores greater than 21. Regarding the outcome, nine (6%) died, and 141(94%) were discharged. The focus of fever was unknown in most patients (108; 72%). Among the known origins of fever were colitis (12; 8%), pneumonia (8; 5.3%), cellulitis (6; 4%), bloodstream infections (7; 4.6%), perianal abscess (2; 1.3%) and others. The median duration of fever was two days, and the median duration of neutropenia was seven days. Sixty-three (42%) patients had infections: 56 (73.3%) were bacterial, four (2.6%) were viral, two (1%) were fungal and 1 (0.7%) was parasitic. Among the bacterial causes, 50 cases (89.2%) were culture-positive. Among the culture-positive cases, 34 (68%) were gram-positive and 22 (44%) were gram-negative. The most frequent gram-positive bacteria were E. faecalis (9; 18% of culture-positive cases), and the most frequent gram-negative organisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae (5; 10%). Levofloxacin was the most commonly used prophylactic antibiotic (23; 15.33%), followed by acyclovir (1610.7%) and fluconazole in 15 patients (10%). Amikacin was the most popular empiric therapy, followed by piperacillin/tazobactam (74; 49.3%), ceftazidime (70; 46.7%), and vancomycin (63; 42%). One-third of E. faecalis isolates were resistant to ampicillin. Approximately two-thirds of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were resistant to piperacillin/tazobactam and ceftazidime. Amikacin resistance was proven in 20% of isolates.

Conclusions
The majority of patients suffered from hematologic malignancies. Less than half of the patients had infections, and the majority were bacterial. Gram-positive bacteria comprised two-thirds of cases. Therefore, empiric therapy was appropriate and in accordance with the antibiogram of the isolated bacteria.
The value of the Nutrition and Obesity Policy Research and Evaluation Network in advancing the evidence base for effective nutrition and obesity policy: assessment using the Consolidated Framework for Collaborative Research
Authors: Vasquez Taylor , Levi Ronli , Akers Melissa , Lowry-Warnock Amy , Blanck Heidi M. , Seligman Hilary 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Addressing nutrition disparities and preventing obesity require multi-level interventions, including policies that address the nutrition environment and other social determinants of health. The Nutrition and Obesity Policy Research Evaluation Network (NOPREN) was established in 2009 to conduct transdisciplinary research and accelerate the translation and implementation of science-based policy interventions. This study examined NOPREN’s collaborative practices and identified opportunities to improve network impact.

Methods
Using a mixed-methods approach, we combined quantitative survey data (n = 106) and in-depth, qualitative interviews (n = 18) to evaluate the experiences of NOPREN members and understand the extent to which NOPREN was achieving its goals.

Results
Using the Consolidated Framework for Collaborative Research (CFCR), quantitative and qualitative results were organized into 11 themes. We find that NOPREN’s structure and standardized processes facilitate connections to individuals and resources, foster relationships, and support effective cross-sector collaborations. Areas of improvement include capacity building and a more intentional approach towards recruitment of a diverse membership.

Conclusion
A collaborative research network can build synergy across sectors and accelerate knowledge transfer. These findings will be used to inform the network’s strategic priorities to maximize impact. Findings may also inform similar collaborative efforts for addressing complex public health problems.