bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hereditary Retinal Dystrophies: Current Scientific Knowledge
Authors: Mermeklieva Elena 
Published: August 2023

Hereditary retinal dystrophies are a heterogeneous group of inherited diseases characterized by involvement of different layers of the retina, most often the complex retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) – photoreceptors and cause severe visual impairment – loss of night vision, visual field, colour vision and visual acuity in the initial stages and lead to progressive and severe loss of visual function by altering the anatomy and function of the retina.
The development of medical science and technology has led to the introduction of new, increasingly sophisticated methods for early diagnosis of these diseases – the electrophysiological studies have become more complex and informative. Together with computer automated perimetry, optical coherence tomography (OCT), angio-OCT, fluorescein angiography (FA), fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and adaptive optics, they allow very accurate topographical localization of the defect. And along with the advances in genetics, optogenetics, molecular biology, retinal biochemistry and regenerative medicine, they provide a better understanding of the mechanism of these diseases and increase the therapeutic opportunities.
The treatment of many of these diseases is still problematic, but because most of them are severely disabling the individual, the scientists' efforts are focused on finding an appropriate therapy. For many of these diseases, there are clinical trials worldwide, the results of some of them are quite encouraging, and many effective therapies for these currently incurable diseases are expected to be introduced in the near future.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the scientific knowledge, as well as the therapeutic opportunities that are being experimented to date.
Computational Mechanical Analysis of AO 44A1, 44B1, and 44C1 Fractures with Finite Element Modeling: Evaluation of Screw, Plate, and Kirschner Wire Fixation
Authors: Olçar Hacı Ali , Özer Alaettin , Mutu Halil Burak , Yurdakul Göker , Kuru Tolgahan , Aydın Davut , Korkmaz Murat 
Published: August 2023

Background: The aim of this study was to create AO 44A1, 44B1, and 44C1 fractures using finite element analysis to determine the stability of Kirschner wire, intramedullary screw, and plate-screw fixation methods in fracture.
Methods: Using finite element analysis, the postreduction behavior of AO 44A1, 44B1, and 44C1 fractures with Kirschner wire, intramedullary screw, and plate-screw fixation methods was analyzed and compared in terms of displacement and stress.
Results: The lowest amount of displacement was provided with the intramedullary screw method in AO 44A1 and 44B1 fractures and with the 4-mm Kirschner wire method in AO 44C1 fractures. The total displacement of the intramedullary screw system used for fixation in AO 44A1, 44B1, and 44C1 fractures was lower.
Conclusions: According to finite element analysis results, the lowest amount of displacement was obtained with intramedullary screw fixation in AO 44A1 and 44B1 fractures, and 4-mm Kirschner wire fixation was achieved in AO 44C1 fractures.
Microwaves: An Alternative Bacterial Sterilization Technique?
Authors: Sood Pranay , Sood Neeru , Gokhale Trupti 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSterilization is defined as a process which eliminates all forms of life, such as bacteria, fungi, spores, viruses, etc. present on surfaces, contained in fluids or in any compound such as a culture media. Microwaves are non-ionizing radiations which heat food using the principle of dielectric heating. The same principle can be applied for the sterilization of microorganisms in culture media. A conventional microwave ovesn was used to study the effects of microwave radiations on survival of microorganisms. E. coli and Bacillus subtilis strains were selected for the study. It was observed that the use of microwave radiations were effective in reducing the time required for killing the cultures under study. However, a shielding effect was observed in presence of organic compounds, where a higher intensity or increased exposure time was required to kill the culture.
Application of Adsorption Chromatography in the Papain Processing
Authors: Yuhai He , Bin Tuan Chik Syed mohd saufi , Fui Chin Chong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA direct recovery of papain enzyme from unclarified Carica papaya juice was developed successfully using a reversed phase expanded bed adsorption chromatography (RP-EBAC). The dynamic binding capacity for the RP-EBAC at 10% breakthrough of 810.52 μg papain/g adsorbent was achieved at a linear flow velocity of 936 cm/h, bed expansion of two and feedstock viscosity of 2.68 mPa·s. Two-step elution was employed to enhance the purity of papain in RP-EBAC which gives high papain purity of 74.98% and high purification factor of 7.04. This work shows a great potential of using RP-EBAC with elution optimization step to purify papain from unclarified Carica papaya juice.
Preliminary Study of Sunscreen and Anti-Tyrosinase Effect on Microemulsion Extract from Melaleuca Cajuputi Essential Oil using Nonionic Surfactant
Authors: Sainorudin Muhammad Hanif , Rozaini Mohd Zul Helmi , Hamzah Habibah , Saupi Ainatul Azilah Mohamad , Norazemi Nurfaezatil Farhana , Ismail Zalikha , Ying Jenny Sin Poh , Ibrahim Nor Hayati , Zain Mohamad Hussin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGlobal warming nowadays has leaded the cosmetic industry resorts to development in the field of microtechnologies. Due to this concern, the most potential sunscreen effect on microemulsion extract from Melaleuca cajuputi essential oil stabilized using different nonionic surfactant TWEEN 20, TWEEN 80, SPAN 20 and SPAN 80 have been investigated. All microemulsions were formulated via triangle phase diagram, emulsification process, stability test, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) test and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy test. For triangle phase diagram, the most stable formulation microemulsions were composed of nonionic surfactant TWEEN 20, TWEEN 80, SPAN 20 and SPAN 80, olive oil and water with region have been constructed using microscopic test. For emulsification process, the compatible formulation microemulsion was taken from all formulations involved the stability test. For SEM test, the size for each droplets of microemulsion for Formulation 1, Formulation 2, Formulation 3 and Formulation 4 were smaller than expected which is below than 5μm. However, only Formulation 2 was indicated in stable formulation and clearly seen compared to other formulations under SEM test. Result obtained for UV-Vis test was observed Formulation 1, Formulation 3, and Formulation 4 has absorbed only UV-C region with indicate value of increment. Meanwhile, Formulation 2 has absorbed UV-B region that prevent skin from cancer risk. Therefore, Formulation 2 shows good absorption and exhibit high potential to be further developed and use as sunscreen in cosmeceutical products.
Investigations on Nonlinear Polariton Dispersion in Ferroelectric Superlattice System
Authors: Wilson K.S. Joseph , Revathy V. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSuperlattices have drawn considerable attention in the recent years. In this work, the behaviour of polaritons in a quantum well superlattice system is analysed both at the centre and at the edge of the brillouin zone using LiNbO3/ LiTaO3 as an example. The significance of the polariton modes are analysed. New modes due to nonlinearity on the polaritonic gap, where the propagation of electromagnetic wave is forbidden, are obtained in the system as suggested by some recent literature. The variation of frequency with the thickness is also studied.
A Study of DC Switching Electric ARC Characteristics for Low Voltages
Authors: Ariyarathne Y. S. S. , Jayatissa C. A. N. W. K. , Silva D. S. M. De 
Published: August 2023

Aims: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the DC electric arc characteristics for low voltages. And explore the relationship among arc time, arc voltage and arc current.
Study Design: The experimental setup mainly consisted of a switch contact pair, variable resistive load, and a variable power supply. An oscilloscope was used to collect the voltage variations of the switch and the load. The voltage variation data were used to do further analysis.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physics and Electronics, University Of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka between September 2021 and May 2022.
Methodology: Voltage variations between the contact pair and the load voltage were measured using an oscilloscope for both switching on and off operations. The experiment was performed for four voltage levels; 60 VDC, 80 VDC, 100 VDC, and 120 VDC. For each voltage level, four load conditions were tested. Therein, a total of 16 different conditions were tested. Five tests were done for each condition. The average values were taken for analysis.
Conclusion: When the switch contacts start to separate, the arc voltage must reach the arc starting voltage to form an arc. Moreover, according to the supply voltage and current, there is always a maximum voltage value that arc can reach, which is less than the supply voltage (arc ending voltage). After the arc was formed in DC systems, the arc voltage variation with time can be modeled using the trigonometry tan function.
Prevalence of Cannabis Use Disorder and Reasons for Use Among Adults in a US State Where Recreational Cannabis Use Is Legal
Authors: Lapham Gwen T. , Matson Theresa E. , Bobb Jennifer F. , Luce Casey , Oliver Malia M. , Hamilton Leah K. , Bradley Katharine A. 
Published: August 2023

ImportanceMedical and nonmedical cannabis use and cannabis use disorders (CUD) have increased with increasing cannabis legalization. However, the prevalence of CUD among primary care patients who use cannabis for medical or nonmedical reasons is unknown for patients in states with legal recreational use.ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and severity of CUD among patients who report medical use only, nonmedical use only, and both reasons for cannabis use in a state with legal recreational use.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional survey study took place at an integrated health system in Washington State. Among 108 950 adult patients who completed routine cannabis screening from March 2019 to September 2019, 5000 were selected for a confidential cannabis survey using stratified random sampling for frequency of past-year cannabis use and race and ethnicity. Among 1688 respondents, 1463 reporting past 30-day cannabis use were included in the study.ExposurePatient survey–reported reason for cannabis use in the past 30 days: medical use only, nonmedical use only, and both reasons.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPatient responses to the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Substance Abuse Module for CUD, corresponding to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition CUD severity (0-11 symptoms) were categorized as any CUD (≥2 symptoms) and moderate to severe CUD (≥4 symptoms). Adjusted analyses were weighted for survey stratification and nonresponse for primary care population estimates and compared prevalence of CUD across reasons for cannabis use.ResultsOf 1463 included primary care patients (weighted mean [SD] age, 47.4 [16.8] years; 748 [weighted proportion, 61.9%] female) who used cannabis, 42.4% (95% CI, 31.2%-54.3%) reported medical use only, 25.1% (95% CI, 17.8%-34.2%) nonmedical use only, and 32.5% (95% CI, 25.3%-40.8%) both reasons for use. The prevalence of CUD was 21.3% (95% CI, 15.4%-28.6%) and did not vary across groups. The prevalence of moderate to severe CUD was 6.5% (95% CI, 5.0%-8.6%) and differed across groups: 1.3% (95% CI, 0.0%-2.8%) for medical use, 7.2% (95% CI, 3.9%-10.4%) for nonmedical use, and 7.5% (95% CI, 5.7%-9.4%) for both reasons for use (P = .01).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of primary care patients in a state with legal recreational cannabis use, CUD was common among patients who used cannabis. Moderate to severe CUD was more prevalent among patients who reported any nonmedical use. These results underscore the importance of assessing patient cannabis use and CUD symptoms in medical settings.
Design and Synthesis of Fluorinated Quantum Dots for Efficient and Stable 0D/3D Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Bo , Guo Junjun , Zhao Chenyu , Zhang Xuliang , Huang Hehe , Tang Zhijie , Frolova Lyubov A. , Troshin Pavel A. , Ma Wanli , Yuan Jianyu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDimensionality engineering involving the low‐dimensional and 3D perovskites has been demonstrated as an efficient promising strategy to modulate interfacial energy loss as well as instability in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, the use of fluorinated Cesium Lead Iodide (CsPbI3) perovskite quantum dot (PQD) is first reported as interface modification layer for PSCs. The binding between the CsPbI3 PQD surface and native oleic acid (OLA)/oleylamine (OAm) ligands is governed by a dynamic adsorption–desorption equilibrium. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFA) with stronger binding affinity and more hydrophobic nature is explored to partially replace OLA to prepare the fluorinated ligand capped CsPbI3 PQDs (F‐CsPbI3). Through optimization of the addition of PFA during hot‐injection synthesis, the in situ treated F‐CsPbI3 PQDs display reduced surface defect states, higher photoluminescence quantum yields together with improved stability. Subsequently, both CsPbI3 and F‐CsPbI3 PQDs are utilized as interface engineering layer in PSCs, delivering the best efficiency values of 21.99% and 23.42%, respectively, which is significantly enhanced compared to the control device (20.37%). More importantly, benefiting from its more hydrophobic properties, the F‐CsPbI3 PQD treated device exhibits excellent ambient storage stability (25 °C, relative humidity: 35–45%), retaining over 80% of its initial efficiency after 1500 h aging.
Scavenging of “Dead Sulfur” and “Dead Lithium” Revealed by Integrated–Heterogeneous Catalysis for Advanced Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Liu Zifeng , Chen Miao , Zhou Dan , Xiao Zhubing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe simultaneous engineering of sulfur cathode and Li anode is critical for electrolyte‐starved high energy density Li–S batteries, in which slow electrochemical conversions and side chemical reactions of dead sulfur are found to be the determining factors in limiting the sulfur utilization, corresponding to the poor reversible capacity of Li–S batteries. Herein, this work challenges the conventional wisdom of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalyses in Li–S batteries and proposes the concept of integrated–heterogeneous catalysis to simultaneously scavenge the dead sulfur and dead lithium to compensate the active materials sulfur and lithium loss simply through adding a small amount of ZnI2 into conventional electrolyte of Li–S cells. Regulated by integrated–heterogeneous catalysis, over 1300 h of cycling is realized in Li||Li symmetric cells, revealing superb compatibility of the ZnI2‐incorporated electrolyte with lithium metal. Meanwhile, the ZnI2 shows good prospects in promoting the reutilization of dead sulfur in both theoretical calculation and experimental tests. Practically, a high initial capacity of 1170 mAh g−1 with decent cycling stability is achieved in electrolyte‐starved and high‐loading pouch cells (5.0 µL mg−1 and 5.2 mg cm−2).
Hierarchical Weaving Metafabric for Unidirectional Water Transportation and Evaporative Cooling
Authors: Zhang Ling , Guo Yuwei , Mo Ruolian , Liu Xiang , Wang Guang , Wu Ronghui , Liu Hongling 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSmart apparel with unidirectional sweat transportation functionality is highly desirable for wearing comfort. However, simultaneously achieving fast unidirectional water transport, mechanical robustness, human body comfortability, and industrialized fabrication is challenging because of the difficulty in fiber‐yarn‐fabric multiscale textile structure manipulation. Here, for the first time, a unidirectional water‐transportation metafabric (UWTM) with hierarchical weft‐double‐weave structure is developed using industrial‐producible weaving technology. The UWTM not only shows a fast unidirectional sweat transportation property, but also a robust mechanical property, air permeability, tailorability, and human body comfortability. The unidirectional water transportation is realized by a well‐engineered wettability gradient along fabric thickness direction by two‐set weft yarns and one‐set warp yarn. The UWTM shows a strong one‐way transport capacity of 984%, with a short water droplet transportation time of 4 s. In addition, the unidirectional water transportation leads to an evaporative cooling effect to the human body, resulting in a 1.6 °C cooling compared with the most used cotton fabrics, exhibiting excellent wet‐heat transfer responsiveness, and ensuring a comfortable microclimate between human skin and the environment. The facile and scalable method presented here paves a way for the design of fluorine‐free, robust, comfortable, and wearable unidirectional water transport fabrics.
Interfacial Polymerization Produced Magnetic Particles with Nano‐Filopodia for Highly Accurate Liquid Biopsy in the PSA Gray Zone
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zhang Fan , Song Yongyang , Shen Xinyi , Bu Fanqin , Su Dandan , Luo Chen , Ge Liyuan , Deng Shaohui , Wu Zonglong , Zhang Zhanyi , Duan Peichen , Li Nan , Min Li , Zhang Shudong , Wang Shutao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMagnetic particles are leading separation materials for biological purification and detection. Existing magnetic particles, which almost rely on molecule‐level interactions, however, often encounter bottlenecks in highly efficient cell‐level separation due to the underestimate of surface structure effects. Here, immune cell‐inspired magnetic particles with nano‐filopodia (NFMPs) produced by interfacial polymerization for highly efficient capture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and further accurate clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer are reported . The unprecedented construction of nano‐filopodia on polymer‐based magnetic particles is achieved by introducing electrostatic interactions in emulsion interfacial polymerization. Due to the unique nano‐filopodia, the NFMPs allow remarkably enhanced CTCs capture efficiency (86.5% ± 2.8%) compared with smooth magnetic particles (SMPs, 35.7% ± 5.7%). Under the assistance of machine learning by combining with prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and free to total PSA (F/T‐PSA), the NFMPs strategy demonstrates high sensitivity (100%), high specificity (93.3%), and a high area under the curve (AUC) value (98.1%) for clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer in the PSA gray zone. The NFMPs are anticipated as an efficient platform for CTCs‐based liquid biopsy toward early cancer diagnosis and prognosis evaluation.
An Activatable Phototheranostic Probe for Anti‐hypoxic Type I Photodynamic‐ and Immuno‐Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Zhao Min , Zhang Yuyang , Miao Jia , Zhou Hui , Jiang Yue , Zhang Yuan , Miao Minqian , Chen Wan , Xing Wei , Li Qing , Miao Qingqing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT), which utilizes type I photoreactions, has great potential as an effective cancer treatment because of its hypoxia‐tolerant superiority over the commonly used type II pathway. A few type I photosensitizers are exploited; however, they majorly induce cytotoxicity and possess poor tumor specificity and low‐efficient theranostics. To resolve this issue, herein an aminopeptidase N (APN)‐activated type I phototheranostic probe (CyA) is reported for anti‐hypoxic PDT in conjunction with immunotherapy for effective cancer treatment. CyA can specifically activate near‐infrared fluorescence, photoacoustic signals, and phototoxicity following APN‐induced substrate cleavage and the subsequent generation of active phototheranostic molecules (such as CyBr). CyA endows specific imaging capabilities and effective phototoxicity toward tumor cells overexpressing APN under both normoxia and hypoxia. In addition, the locally activatable PDT induces systemic antitumor immune responses. More importantly, the integration of localized activated PDT and systemic immunotherapy evokes enhanced therapeutic effects with improved tumor inhibition efficiency in live mice compared with individual treatments. This study aims to present an activatable phototheranostic probe for effective hypoxia‐tolerant PDT and combination therapy.
Suppressed Concentration Quenching Brightens Short‐Wave Infrared Emitters
Authors: Xiao Wenge , Basore Endale T. , Zheng Guojun , Liu Xiaofeng , Xu Beibei , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe brightness of doped luminescent materials is usually limited by the ubiquitous concentration quenching phenomenon resulting in an intractable tradeoff between internal quantum efficiency and excitation efficiency. Here, an intrinsic suppression of concentration quenching in sensitized luminescent systems, by exploiting the competitive relationship between light emitters and quenchers in trapping excitation energies from sensitizers, is reported. Although Cr3+ sensitizers and trivalent lanthanide (Ln3+, Ln = Yb, Nd, and Er) emitters themselves are highly susceptible to concentration quenching, the unprecedentedly high‐brightness luminescence of Cr3+–Ln3+ systems is demonstrated in the short‐wave infrared (SWIR) range employing high concentrations of Cr3+, whereby a record photoelectric efficiency of 23% is achieved for SWIR phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes, which is about twice as high as those previously reported. The results underscore the beneficial role of emitters in terminating excitation energies, opening up a new dimension for developing efficient sensitized luminescent materials.
Revolutionizing Plastics Chemical Recycling with Table Salt
Authors: Shaker Mohamed , Kumar Vikash , Saffron Christopher M. , Rabnawaz Muhammad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChemical recycling enables plastics to be a part of the circular economy as it can cope with contaminated as well as mixed plastics waste. Herein, two important discoveries are reported. One innovation is the use of table salt (NaCl) to facilitate the low temperature pyrolysis of polyolefins comprised of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE), and polypropylene (PP) at the ratio of (4:2:2:3), respectively, thus enabling the efficient recycling of these mixed plastics. For comparative analysis, two different Pt catalysts as well as a control are investigated. Compared to the control, the use of table salt at 10 wt.% increased both the oil and gas contents by 80% and enabled 100% conversion to gas and oil without producing any undesirable wax. The second innovation is that metallized plastics are successfully pyrolyzed with table salt with excellent conversion efficiencies. The obtained oil fraction is further characterized using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). In addition, the re‐use of salt, the effect of salt particle size and effect of the wt.% are explored. The thermal properties of the wax (solid) are characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Economic estimation revealed a 3.5‐fold increase in revenue can be generated by the novel method as compared to pyrolysis without any salt. In contrast, pyrolysis with a conventional Pt/alumina system incurs huge losses. These findings suggest that table salt can offer a transformative approach toward an inexpensive (4 cents per kg) and efficient pyrolysis methodology for the conversion of mixed plastics waste to useful hydrocarbon products.
Reconsidering the economics of identity: Position, power, and property
Authors: Darity William A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe origin of inequality between social identity groups is anchored in acts of violent dispossession of freedom and property by the group seeking the advantages of dominance. The beginning of contemporary disparities in income and especially wealth between Black and White Americans follow the same pattern. Of particular significance is the racialized character of U.S. land distribution policies in the aftermath of the Civil War.