bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Swedish green infrastructure policy as a policy assemblage: What does it do for biodiversity conservation?
Authors: von Post Maria , Knaggård Åsa , Alkan Olsson Johanna , Olsson Ola , Persson Anna Sofie , Ekroos Johan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGreen infrastructure (GI) is increasingly used in policymaking to promote biodiversity and enhance ecosystem services through the protection, creation, restoration and connection of natural and man‐made green areas.The EU Commission adopted in 2013, the concept as a strategy. When member states apply the policy, it is translated into specific bureaucratic and political systems, creating different ‘policy assemblages’ of ideas and institutional features.We analyse the Swedish GI policy to draw conclusions about how it has been assembled in one particular member state and what that particular assemblage will imply for biodiversity conservation. In combination with understanding policies as assemblages, we use the ‘What's the problem represented to be’‐approach as method.We show that the Swedish GI policy assemblage consists of a mix of policy ideas developed in Sweden and the EU. Despite the current strong focus on biodiversity conservation, the notion of land's multifunctionality, characterizing the EU strategy and the possibility to conserve biodiversity on land used for purposes other than conservation increasingly influence the Swedish policy as it is formed.Although the policy has the potential to mainstream biodiversity conservation measures across different sectors, based on our analysis of current discourse, its implementation will likely promote GI measures less disruptive to existing land use activities, making its capacity to halt biodiversity loss marginal.Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Wood‐framed binary eutectic polyethylene glycol (BEPEG) as phase change materials for thermal storage
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhang Wenliang , Cao Jinzhen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPolyethylene glycol (PEG) is widely used in thermal energy storage, but leakage and lack of stability limit its further development. Wood is widely used as matrix to develop functional composites due to its porous structure and unique composition. In this study, a novel shape‐stabilized eutectic phase change material for thermal storage (EPCMTS) with enhanced thermal stability and superior chemical stability was fabricated by incorporating binary eutectic PEG (BEPEG) into porous wood flour (WF). It was found that BEPEG systems composed of PEG600 and PEG1000 at different proportions showed different thermal performances. This EPCMTS at its eutectic point exhibited a melting enthalpy of 45.26 J/g, which is higher than that of incomplete eutectic materials. Its thermal stability was enhanced at eutectic point because the melting temperature of 21.83°C was lower than that of each component. Moreover, the leakage rate can be lowered to only 1.1% at a PEG600:PEG1000 mass ratio of 9:1, which indicated that WF can effectively prevent PEG from leaking. No chemical reaction was detected in both PEG eutectic and WF modification processes. This kind of wood‐framed phase change material has broad application prospects in insulation building envelope.
Volatile flavour identification and odour complexity of radix Angelicae sinensis by electronic nose, integrated gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/olfactometry and comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography‐time‐of‐flight‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Junhan , Cheng Ming , Xue Yanbin , Lin Li , Wang Yali , Li Boyan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionRadix Angelicae sinensis (Danggui, DG) is known as one of the typical traditional Chinese medicines. DG material consists of a variety of volatile substances, polysaccharides, organic acids, ceramides, amino acids, vitamins, microelements, among others, and thus has been used for medicinal and edible purposes in a long history. The fragrance is of importance to assessing the DG material quality.ObjectivesThis study was to determine volatile flavour compositions of DG materials and to reveal the odour complexity.Material and methodsElectronic nose (E‐nose), integrated gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/olfactometry (GC–MS/O) and comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography‐time‐of‐flight‐mass spectrometry (GC × GC‐TOF‐MS), combined with solid‐phase micro‐extraction (SPME), were mainly used to address the flavour complexity of DG materials.ResultsUsing the E‐nose sensor responses, a total of 105 batches of DG samples cultivated in six provinces of China were categorised according to their odour differentiations, and a principal component analysis (PCA) model was established for evaluating the sample quality through a combination of Hotelling's T2 and Q‐residual values in a statistical quantitative sense. By the GC–MS/O and GC × GC‐TOF‐MS analyses, 196 volatile flavour compounds were identified, 51 odour‐active areas discerned and 39 odourants determined. It was terpenes and aromatics of the flavour compounds that mainly contributed to the odour attributes of DG herb.ConclusionThe SPME‐GC × GC‐TOF‐MS method was the first time employed to analyse the volatile flavours of DG materials, and thus made a breakthrough in determining 196 flavour compounds, much more than those in any previous report. The work also made a significant step forward to link the flavour compositions and odour complexity of radix Angelicae sinensis by E‐nose and GC–MS/O techniques. It not only provided a statistical PCA model that did not depend on any predetermined compositions or sensory properties for, but also a comprehensive insight into the quality evaluation of DG materials.
Using a Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode in Anionic Surfactant Media as an Improved Electrochemical Sensor for the Anticancer Drug Ibrutinib
Authors: Mete Cihat , Pınar Pınar Talay 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe electrochemical properties of ibrutinib (IBR), a new generation smart anti‐cancer drug, one of the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors were investigated by a voltammetric method in the anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) medium with the boron‐doped diamond electrode (BDDE). IBR showed an oxidation step at about +1.56 V (vs Ag/AgCl (3.0 mol L−1 KCl) by cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique in 0.1 mol L−1 H2SO4 solution. IBR was found to be irreversible and diffusion‐controlled on the surface of the BDDE with studies of scan rate. The possible electrochemical oxidation reaction of IBR with the electroactive ring (pyrazole‐pyrimidine ring) in the structure of IBR is discussed. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) was preferred as the study method due to reproducibility for the determination of IBR in pharmaceutical and urine samples. At optimal values of SWV parameters, IBR showed good linearity in the concentration range of 0.01–2.00 μg mL−1 (5.7×10−8–2.3×10−6 mol L−1) in 0.1 mol L−1 H2SO4 with 6×10−4 M SDS. The detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) limits for IBR were set at 0.003 μg mL−1 (6.9×10−9 mol L−1) and 0.01 μg mL−1 (2.27×10−8 mol L−1), respectively. The relative standard deviation of the intra‐day and inter‐day repeatability of the proposed method was found 2.15 and 3.76, respectively. The necessary validation parameters have also been studied, and the recovery results obtained from both pharmaceutical dosage form and human urine samples show that the developed method is accurate and precise.
One‐Step Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of A Novel Peroxidase Enzyme from Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus Tuberosus L.)
Authors: Kalın Ramazan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the present study, a novel peroxidase was purified and characterized from the jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus Tuberosus L.) using an efficient one‐step purification method. The purification factor for the jerusalem artichoke peroxidase (POD) was 87.17‐fold (with a yield of 13.28 %). Molecular mass and POD purity were controlled with the SDS‐PAGE and seen a single band at approximately 47.8 kDa. The optimum parameters (pH, ionic strength, and temperature) for POD activity were investigated and determined as pH 6.5, 0.7 M in phosphate buffer, and 40 °C, respectively. The KM and Vmax values of the jerusalem artichoke POD were calculated to be 94.33 mM and 12.74 EU/mL.min for guaiacol, and 0.208 mM and 1.481 EU/mL.min for hydrogen peroxide, respectively. Furthermore, the 4‐aminobenzohydrazide was shown to act as a competitive inhibitor of the jerusalem artichoke POD. Finally, molecular docking studies of the 4‐aminobenzohydrazide were performed, and the estimated binding energy value was calculated to be −3.79 kcal/mol.
Detecting emergence in engineered systems: A literature review and synthesis approach
Authors: Haugen Rune Andre , Skeie Nils‐Olav , Muller Gerrit , Syverud Elisabet 
Published: February 2023

AbstractModern product development often generates systems of high complexity that are prone to emergent behavior. The industry has a need to establish better practices to detect inherent emergent behavior when engineering such systems. Philosophers and researchers have debated emergence throughout history, tracing to the time of the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 B.C.) and current literature has both philosophical and practical examples of emergence in modern systems. In this review paper, we investigate the phenomenon of emergent behavior in engineered systems. Our aim is to describe emergence in engineered systems and propose methods to detect it, based on literature. Emergence is in general explained as dynamic behavior seen at macro level that cannot be traced back to the micro level. Emergence can be known or unknown in combination with positive or negative. We find that best practices to engineer complicated systems should contain a sensible suite of traditional approaches and methods, while best practices to engineer complex systems need extensions to this considering a new paradigm using incentives to guide system behavior rather than testing it up‐front.
The Gross-Neveu-Yukawa archipelago
Authors: Erramilli Rajeev S. , Iliesiu Luca V. , Kravchuk Petr , Liu Aike , Poland David , Simmons-Duffin David 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We perform a bootstrap analysis of a mixed system of four-point functions of bosonic and fermionic operators in parity-preserving 3d CFTs with O(N) global symmetry. Our results provide rigorous bounds on the scaling dimensions of the O(N)-symmetric Gross-Neveu-Yukawa (GNY) fixed points, constraining these theories to live in isolated islands in the space of CFT data. We focus on the cases N = 1, 2, 4, 8, which have applications to phase transitions in condensed matter systems, and compare our bounds to previous analytical and numerical results.
Thermalization and chaos in a 1+1d QFT
Authors: Delacrétaz Luca V. , Fitzpatrick A. Liam , Katz Emanuel , Walters Matthew T. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We study aspects of chaos and thermodynamics at strong coupling in a scalar model using LCT numerical methods. We find that our eigenstate spectrum satisfies Wigner-Dyson statistics and that the coefficients describing eigenstates in our basis satisfy Random Matrix Theory (RMT) statistics. At weak coupling, though the bulk of states satisfy RMT statistics, we find several scar states as well. We then use these chaotic states to compute the equation of state of the model, obtaining results consistent with Conformal Field Theory (CFT) expectations at temperatures above the scale of relevant interactions. We also test the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis by computing the expectation value of local operators in eigenstates, and check that their behavior is consistent with thermal CFT values at high temperatures. Finally, we compute the Spectral Form Factor (SFF), which has the expected behavior associated with the equation of state at short times and chaos at long times. We also propose a new technique for extracting the connected part of the SFF without the need of disorder averaging by using different symmetry sectors.
Mechanical characterization of FDM parts through instrumented flat indentation
Authors: Lambiase Francesco , Scipioni Silvia Ilaria , Paoletti Alfonso 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEvaluating local mechanical properties of parts made by additive manufacturing processes can improve the deposition conditions. This study proposes a non-destructive characterization test to determine the mechanical behavior of fused deposition modeling (FDM) components. Indentation and compression tests were conducted on samples produced by the FDM process, which were created by varying the material flow during the deposition. An empirical relationship was determined between yield strength determined through compression and indentation tests. R2 = 0.92 characterized the correlation between the compression and indentation test. The results indicated that both the yield strength measured through compression tests and that measured by the indentation tests increased linearly with the density of the components. Indentation tests provided more insights concerning the tested surface’s local characteristics than the compression test.
Undifferenced and uncombined GNSS time and frequency transfer with integer ambiguity resolution
Authors: Mi Xiaolong , Zhang Baocheng , El-Mowafy Ahmed , Wang Kan , Yuan Yunbin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPrecise point positioning (PPP) has been a competitive global navigation satellite system (GNSS) technique for time and frequency transfer. However, the classical PPP is usually based on the ionosphere-free combination of dual-frequency observations, which has limited flexibility in the multi-frequency scenario. More importantly, the unknown integer ambiguities are not restored to the integer nature, making the advantage of high-precision carrier phase observations underutilized. In this contribution, using the undifferenced and uncombined (UDUC) observations, we derive the time and frequency transfer model suitable for multi-constellation and multi-frequency scenarios. Notably, in short- and medium-baseline time and frequency transfer, the ionosphere-fixed and ionosphere-weighted UDUC models are derived, respectively, by making full use of the single-differenced (SD) ionospheric constraints. The proposed model can be applied to short-, medium- and long-baseline time and frequency transfer. The ambiguities are solved in a double-differenced (DD) form and can thus be restored to integers. To verify the feasibility of the model, GPS data from several time laboratories were collected, and the performance of the time and frequency transfer were analyzed with different baseline lengths. The results showed that the ionosphere-fixed and ionosphere-weighted UDUC models with integer ambiguity resolution could improve the frequency stability by 25–60% and 9–30% at an averaging time of several tens of seconds to 1 day for short- and medium-baseline, respectively. Concerning the long-baseline, the UDUC model is 10–25% more stable than PPP for averaging time below a few thousands second and over 1 day.
How does the use of quantified gap-balancing affect component positioning and limb alignment in robotic total knee arthroplasty using functional alignment philosophy? A comparison of two robotic platforms
Authors: Murphy Geoffrey T. , Shatrov Jobe , Duong Julian , Fritsch Brett A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to compare the effect of an image-based (MAKO) system using a gap-balancing technique with an imageless (OMNIbot) robotic tool utilising a femur-first measured resection technique.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed on patients undergoing primary TKA with a functional alignment philosophy performed by a single surgeon using either the MAKO or OMNIbot robotic systems. In all cases, the surgeon’s goal was to create a balanced knee and correct sagittal deformity (eliminate any fixed flexion deformity). Intra-operative data and patient-reported outcomes (PROMS) were compared.

Results
A total of 207 MAKO TKA and 298 OMNIbot TKAs were analysed. MAKO TKA patients were younger (67 vs 69, p=0.002) than OMNIbot patients. There were no other demographic or pre-operative alignment differences. Regarding implant positioning, in MAKO TKAs the femoral component was more externally rotated in relation to the posterior condylar axis (2.3° vs 0.1°, p<0.001), had less valgus femoral cuts (1.6° vs 2.7° valgus, p<0.001) and more varus tibial cuts (2.4° vs 1.9° varus, p<0.001), and had more bone resected compared to OMNIbot TKAs. OMNIbot cases were more likely to require tibial re-cuts than MAKO (15% vs 2%, p<0.001). There were no differences in femur recut rates, soft tissue releases, or rate of achieving target coronal and sagittal leg alignment between robotic systems. A subgroup analysis of 100 MAKO and 100 OMNIbot propensity-matched TKAs with 12-month follow-up showed no significant difference in OKS (42 vs 43, p=0.7) or OKS PASS scores (83% vs 91%, p=0.1). MAKO TKAs reported significantly better symptoms according to their KOOS symptoms score than patients that had OMNIbot TKAs (87 vs 82, p=0.02) with a higher proportion of KOOS PASS rates, at a slightly longer follow-up time (20 months vs 14 months, p<0.001). There were no other differences in PROMS.

Conclusion
A gap-balanced technique with an image-based robotic system (MAKO) results in different implant positioning and bone resection and reduces tibial recuts compared to a femur-first measured resection technique with an imageless robotic system (OMNIbot). Both systems achieve equal coronal and sagittal deformity correction and good patient outcomes at short-term follow-ups irrespective of these differences.
Use of hip- versus wrist-based actigraphy for assessing functional decline and disease progression in patients with motor neuron disease
Authors: Holdom Cory J. , van Unnik Jordi W. J. , van Eijk Ruben P. A. , van den Berg Leonard H. , Henderson Robert D. , Ngo Shyuan T. , Steyn Frederik J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Actigraphy has been proposed as a measure for tracking functional decline and disease progression in patients with Motor Neuron Disease (MND). There is, however, little evidence to show that wrist-based actigraphy measures correlate with functional decline, and no consensus on how best to implement actigraphy. We report on the use of wrist actigraphy to show decreased activity in patients compared to controls, and compared the utility of wrist- and hip-based actigraphy for assessing functional decline in patients with MND.

Methods
In this multi-cohort, multi-centre, natural history study, wrist- and hip-based actigraphy were assessed in 139 patients with MND (wrist, n = 97; hip, n = 42) and 56 non-neurological control participants (wrist, n = 56). For patients with MND, longitudinal measures were contrasted with clinical outcomes commonly used to define functional decline.

Results
Patients with MND have reduced wrist-based actigraphy scores when compared to controls (median differences: prop. active = − 0.053 [− 0.075, − 0.026], variation axis 1 = − 0.073 [− 0.112, − 0.021]). When comparing wrist- and hip-based measures, hip-based accelerometery had stronger correlations with disease progression (prop. active: τ = 0.20 vs 0.12; variation axis 1: τ = 0.33 vs 0.23), whereas baseline wrist-based accelerometery was better related with future decline in fine-motor function (τ = 0.14–0.23 vs 0.06–0.16).

Conclusions
Actigraphy outcomes measured from the wrist are more variable than from the hip and present differing sensitivity to specific functional outcomes. Outcomes and analysis should be carefully constructed to maximise benefit, should wrist-worn devices be used for at-home monitoring of disease progression in patients with MND.
Head Impact Location, Speed and Angle from Falls and Trips in the Workplace
Authors: Yu Xiancheng , Baker Claire E. , Ghajari Mazdak 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common injury in the workplace. Trips and falls are the leading causes of TBI in the workplace. However, industrial safety helmets are not designed for protecting the head under these impact conditions. Instead, they are designed to pass the regulatory standards which test head protection against falling heavy and sharp objects. This is likely to be due to the limited understanding of head impact conditions from trips and falls in workplace. In this study, we used validated human multi-body models to predict the head impact location, speed and angle (measured from the ground) during trips, forward falls and backward falls. We studied the effects of worker size, initial posture, walking speed, width and height of the tripping barrier, bracing and falling height on the head impact conditions. Overall, we performed 1692 simulations. The head impact speed was over two folds larger in falls than trips, with backward falls producing highest impact speeds. However, the trips produced impacts with smaller impact angles to the ground. Increasing the walking speed increased the head impact speed but bracing reduced it. We found that 41% of backward falls and 19% of trips/forward falls produced head impacts located outside the region of helmet coverage. Next, we grouped all the data into three sub-groups based on the head impact angle: [0°, 30°], (30°, 60°] and (60°, 90°] and excluded groups with small number of cases. We found that most trips and forward falls lead to impact angles within the (30°, 60°] and (60°, 90°] groups while all backward falls produced impact angles within (60°, 90°] group. We therefore determined five representative head impact conditions from these groups by selecting the 75th percentile speed, mean value of angle intervals and median impact location (determined by elevation and azimuth angles) of each group. This led to two representative head impact conditions for trips: 2.7 m/s at 45° and 3.9 m/s at 75°, two for forward falls: 3.8 m/s at 45° and 5.5 m/s at 75° and one for backward falls: 9.4 m/s at 75°. These impact conditions can be used to improve industrial helmet standards.
Hyperlipidaemia and Weight Amongst Afghani Refugees Attending a General Practice Clinic in Regional Australia
Authors: Mehdi S. P. , Pasricha J. , Biggs B. A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObesity and chronic disease are increasing problems in refugee populations. Afghani refugees undergoing hepatitis B vaccination between January 2015 and December 2017 at a general practice clinic received dietary counselling sessions in Dari by native speaking clinicians. Anthropometry, blood pressure, fasting lipids and liver function tests were measured at both visits with results compared over time. 110/119 refugees requiring hepatitis B vaccination were recruited into the study. Mean BMI was lower at follow up visits (25.4 vs 26.1 by wilcoxon signed rank test p 0.04) with 72 of 110 participants losing a median of 2 kg between visits (range 0.5–14 kg) a mean of 206 days after the initial consultation. Median triglyceride levels were lower at the second visit than the first (1.4 vs 1.3 mmol/L Wilcoxon signed rank test Z = 3.5, p 0.0004). This cohort of refugees lost weight and showed a small improvement in triglyceride levels between visits.