bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The feasibility of a digital health approach to facilitate remote dental screening among preschool children during COVID‐19 and social restrictions
Authors: Azimi Somayyeh , Estai Mohamed , Patel Jilen , Silva Desiree 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundTele‐dentistry can be useful to facilitate screening of children, especially those living in rural and remote communities, and during the COVID‐19 pandemic.AimThis study evaluated the feasibility of tele‐dental screening for the identification of early childhood caries (ECC) in preschoolers using an app operated by their parents with remote review by oral‐health therapists.DesignThis cross‐sectional study was a sub‐project nested in ORIGINS Project, a longitudinal birth cohort study in Western Australia. Initially, children were visually examined by a paediatric dentist (gold standard). Subsequently, dental photographs were taken by parents using a smartphone camera. Two trained oral health professionals asynchronously evaluated dental photographs. The presence of dental caries was recorded as per the International Caries Detection and Assessment System‐II classification. The diagnostic accuracy and reliability of the tele‐dental screening and the gold standard dental examinations were then compared.ResultsForty‐two children aged <4 years were enrolled in the study. Twenty‐five per cent of examined children had dental caries (mean dmfs = 0.7). A total of 370 dental photographs were obtained. Parents were able to take good‐quality photographs, with 90% of photographs rated as good to fair quality. Tele‐dental screening demonstrated high specificity (>=95.5%) for both reviewers compared to the gold standard dental examination. However, the sensitivity scores for the two reviewers varied, ranging from 44% to 88.4%.ConclusionTele‐dental screening for ECC was shown to be a feasible approach following a brief training for primary caregivers. This approach can offer a potential low‐cost and sustainable alternative for visual dental examinations for young children, particularly in times of COVID‐19‐related restrictions.
A new route to fabricate high‐performance binderless tungsten carbide: Dynamic sinter forging
Authors: Zhao Ke , Feng Puzhen , Tan Jian , Zhong Weimin , Liu Jinling , Liu Dianguang , Kang Guozheng , An Linan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we report the synthesis of fully dense and ultrafine‐grained binderless tungsten carbide (WC) by novel dynamic sinter forging. A nearly fully dense sample was obtained at 1500°C and 220 ± 30 MPa@90 min. The hardness and fracture toughness of the sample with forging time of 180 min are 29.6 GPa and 7.3 MPa·m1/2, respectively, much higher than the counterparts prepared by conventional sinter forging and other techniques. The enhanced densification and mechanical properties are attributed to the intragranular plastic deformation accommodated grain‐boundary sliding induced by oscillatory pressure during dynamic sinter forging. The current results suggest a promising approach for the manufacturing of high‐performance binderless WCs. Also, the method is likely applicable to other material systems.
Association between depression diagnosis and educational attainment trajectories: an historical cohort study using linked data
Authors: Wickersham Alice , Carter Ben , Jewell Amelia , Ford Tamsin , Stewart Robert , Downs Johnny 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundDepression symptoms are thought to be associated with lower educational attainment, but patterns of change in attainment among those who receive a clinical diagnosis of depression at any point during childhood and adolescence remain unclear.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of an existing data linkage between a national educational dataset (National Pupil Database) and pseudonymised electronic health records (Clinical Record Interactive Search) from a large mental healthcare provider in London, United Kingdom (2007 to 2013). A cohort of 222,027 pupils were included. We used Growth Mixture Modelling (GMM) and stakeholder input to estimate trajectories of standardised educational attainment over School Years 2, 6 and 11. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were then used to investigate the association between resulting educational attainment trajectory membership (outcome) and depression diagnosis any time before age 18 (exposure).ResultsA five‐trajectory GMM solution for attainment was derived: (1) average/high‐stable, (2) average‐modest declining, (3) average‐steep declining, (4) low‐improving and (5) low‐stable. After adjusting for clinical and sociodemographic covariates, having a depression diagnosis before age 18 was associated with occupying the average‐modest declining trajectory (RRR = 2.80, 95% CI 2.36–3.32, p < .001) or the average‐steep declining trajectory (RRR = 3.54, 95% CI 3.10–4.04, p < .001), as compared to the average/high‐stable trajectory.ConclusionsReceiving a diagnosis of depression before age 18 was associated with a relative decline in attainment throughout school. While these findings cannot support a causal direction, they nonetheless suggest a need for timely mental health and educational support among pupils struggling with depression.
Idiopathic hirsutism and dyslipidemia: A systematic review, meta‐analysis, and meta‐regressions
Authors: Amiri Mina , Mahmoudieh Leila , Sheidaei Ali , Ramezani Tehrani Fahimeh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite existing several kinds of studies on idiopathic hirsutism (IH) and its association with metabolic disturbances, a limited number of studies have assessed lipid profiles in patients with IH with conflicting and inconclusive results. This study aimed to evaluate the lipid profiles in women with IH, compared to those of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and healthy controls.Materials and MethodsFor this systematic review and meta‐analysis, PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE databases were searched to obtain studies published from inception to July 2021 investigating the lipid parameters, including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) in women with IH, compared to control groups. A meta‐regression and subgroup analysis were conducted to explore heterogeneity sources. Publication bias was assessed by the Egger test.ResultsOf 209 studies retrieved through searching databases and other sources, a total of 12 studies including 3913 participants were included for the meta‐analysis. This meta‐analysis showed higher standardized mean difference (SMD) of TC (SMD: 0.09 mg/dl; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.18) and lower SMD of HDL‐C (SMD: −0.10 mg/dl; 95% CI: −0.18, −0.02) in women with IH, compared to those of the healthy controls, whereas there were no significant differences in the SMDs of TG and LDL‐C between the study groups. This study also revealed no difference in the levels of lipid profiles of women with IH in comparison with PCOS patients, except for TG (SMD: −0.24 mg/dl; 95% CI: −0.46, −0.02). The results of subgroup analysis based on the study design revealed no significant differences in the SMD of lipid parameters between women with IH and healthy controls. We also found no significant difference in the levels of lipid profiles of women with IH versus PCOS patients, except for HDL‐C in the subgroup of case–control studies (SMD: 0.18 mg/dl; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.34).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the majority of lipid parameters were not significantly different in women with IH, compared to those of healthy and PCOS controls.
Profiling of phytochemicals using LC‐ESI‐MS2, in vitro, in vivo characterization and cosmeceutical effects of Alpinia galanga (wild) extract loaded emulgel
Authors: khan Muhammad Shahzad , Adnan Qazi , Akhtar Naveed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe potential as a depigmenting agent, sun protection, and healthy benefits is indicated by the sun protection factor, radical scavenging, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of Alpinia galanga (wild).AimsA stable emulgel containing A .galanga (wild) extract is prepared. This emulgel is then characterized by in vitro evaluation and identification of contents by LC‐ESI‐MS2. In vivo performance is counted in terms of moisturizing, melanin level, erythema, sebum, skin fine pores and large pores analysis, and other related physiological skin parameters.MethodsDPPH radical scavenging activity, total phenolic and flavonoid counts were used to measure the free radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibitory capability of A .galanga (wild) extract, respectively. LC‐ESI‐MS2 used for phytochemical analysis. Emulgels synthesize, and their globule size, Ultracentrifugation, pH, and conductivity were all evaluated. Among the developed formulations, the optimal emulgels formulation underwent 90‐day stability tests for organoleptic characteristics and rheology at 8°C, 25°C, 40°C, and 40°C + 75% RH (relative humidity). Using sebumeter®, mexameter®, and corneometer®, changes in skin physiological parameters were assessed over the course of 12 weeks in 13 healthy male, Asian volunteers. VisioFace® is used for computational analysis of high‐resolution pictures to determine the % area, fine pore counts, and large pore counts of the skin.ResultsThe antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibitory potential and counts of total phenolic and flavonoids of A .galanga (wild) extract were impressive (85%, 75%, and 48.0 mg GAE/g and 14.37 mg quercetin/g, respectively). In terms of stability evaluation, globule size (0.7528 ± 0.192 μm). Optimized A .galanga (wild) ethanol aqueous (AGEA) extract loaded emulgel was stable in terms of organoleptic and in vitro evaluation. The AGEA formulation significantly reduced the amount of sebum, erythema, fine pore counts, large pore counts, fine pore % area and large pores area percentage while significantly improved the moisture and elasticity of the skin.ConclusionA stable A .galanga (wild) extract loaded emulgel was successfully produced that improved the skin physiological parameters in terms of skin's sebum, erythema, moisturizing, melanin, and pores.
Cera‐Glow, ferment lysates of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosusIDCC 3201, improves skin barrier function in clinical study
Authors: Lee Minjee , Kim Myun Soo , Jang Sung Hee , Kim Hayoung , Kim Gwang Seob , Lee Hyerin , Park Hyun Min , Yang Jungwoo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundCeramides are essential lipids in stratum corneum for skin permeability barrier function in that they retain the skin moisture and protect from the invasion of foreign pathogens. Previously, we demonstrated that ferment lysates of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201 enhanced ceramide production in human epidermal keratinocytes. Furthermore, for comprehensive knowledge of this effect, in vitro experiments and multi‐omics analysis were conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms.AimsThis study was designed to identify whether a cosmetic sample (i.e., Cera‐Glow) containing the lysates improves the skin barrier function in clinical trials.Patients/MethodsTwenty‐four female participants (45.46 ± 9.78 years) had been enrolled in the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurement for 5 days and 21 female participants (50.33 ± 5.74 years) had undergone a skin hydration evaluation for 4 weeks. TEWL and skin hydration were evaluated using a Tewameter and the Epsilon Permittivity Imaging System, respectively. After applying the Cera‐Glow sample, all participants recorded a satisfaction survey questionnaire (e.g., satisfaction, efficacy, and adverse reactions).ResultsApplication of Cera‐Glow significantly improved transepidermal water loss induced by 1% (w/v) sodium lauryl sulfate (p < 0.05–0.01) and increased skin hydration (p < 0.01). Metabolic analysis suggested that Cera‐Glow should contain beneficial gradients for skin barrier function. According to the questionnaire, most of participants were satisfied with the skin hydration improvement and efficacy of Cera‐Glow.ConclusionsCera‐Glow, ferment lysates of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201, can significantly improve skin barrier function.
Topical Lactiplantibacillus plantarumLB244R® ointment alleviates skin aging: An exploratory trial
Authors: Falholt Elvebakken Helena , Bruntse Anders Bech , Vedel Charlotte , Kjærulff Søren 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe skin is of vital importance for health and well‐being. As people age, the skin undergoes visual and morphological changes such as wrinkling, loss of elasticity, increased pigmentation, and decreased cell turnover. This is not only visually unappealing to many but can also pose health issues.AimIn this study, a probiotic ointment (PO) containing live lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LB244R®) was investigated for its ability to alleviate symptoms of skin aging in an exploratory clinical trial.MethodsThe PO was applied twice daily for 56 days by 21 subjects. Anti‐aging efficacy was evaluated by skin ultrasonography, skin biomechanical properties, skin hydration, and clinical evaluations at day 0, 28, and 56.ResultsSub‐epidermal low echogenic band thickness decreased (0.261 ± 0.069 mm to 0.247 ± 0.055 mm) after 56 days. Dermal density increased (324.689 ± 57.506 pixel/mm2 to 367.831 ± 75.790 pixel/mm2). Skin hydration increased (34.1 ± 6.9 to 51.3 ± 10.0 AU). Additionally, skin firmness increased, as shown by decreasing values (0.264 ± 0.038 to 0.228 ± 0.037 mm). Skin elasticity increased (0.578 ± 0.045 to 0.618 ± 0.044). Trans‐epidermal water loss decreased (9.1 ± 2.0 g/h/m2 to 8.5 ± 1.3). All clinical evaluations, Crow's feet, spot score, smoothness score, and complexion radiance, were improved.ConclusionThe PO improved all measured parameters with statistical significance after 56 days of application, clearly demonstrating the potential of the PO as an anti‐aging agent and reaffirming the potential of topical probiotic LAB. Future studies need to elucidate the mode of action of anti‐aging effects by probiotics, but at present time, this study paves the way for the use of probiotic LAB topically to alleviate aging of the skin.
Prevalence of oral behaviours in general dental patients attending a university clinic in Italy
Authors: Reda Bachar , Lobbezoo Frank , Contardo Luca , El‐Outa Abbass , Moro Luca , Pollis Matteo , Aarab Ghizlane , Manfredini Daniele 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundOral behaviors represent a diverse array of habits beyond the physiological behaviors of the stomatognathic system.ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of different oral behaviors, as reported with the Oral Behavior Checklist (OBC‐21), in a convenience sample of patients attending an Italian university clinic for routine dental cares.MethodsIn this study, charts of adult patients presenting to the dental department of a regional hospital in Trieste, Italy, from January 2018 and January 2019 were reviewed. Patients with complete files were retrieved, and those with orofacial pain complaints were excluded. OBC‐21 scores and grades (score of 0 corresponding to no risk, 1‐24 to low risk, and higher than 24 to high risk) were analyzed and stratified according to age and sex.ResultsData from a total of 1424 patients were reported. The overall mean OBC score was 13.3 ± 9.9, with 6.7% no‐risk grade, 79.6% low‐risk grade, and 13.7% high‐risk grade. In general, mean OBC scores decreased with increasing age. Females showed a higher frequency of high‐risk grade than males. Most frequent prevalent habits included yawning (73.1%), eating between meals (66.9%) and chewing food on one side only (63.3%). Other behaviors were also highly prevalent, including pressing, touching, or holding teeth together other than while eating (52.7%) and awake clenching (47.5%).ConclusionA low‐risk grade of oral behaviors has been found to be frequent in our sample. Future studies are warranted to confirm these findings in larger, representative general populations and to assess if any of these habits are linked to negative effects on the stomatognathic system.
A micro‐computed tomography analysis of internal and marginal fits of fixed partial dentures: Effect of preparation finish line designs on monolithic zirconia and heat‐pressed zirconia‐reinforced lithium disilicate
Authors: Elsherbini Mohammed , Sakrana Amal Abdelsamad , Amin Rahma A , Diaa Mohamed , Özcan Mutlu , Al‐Zordk Walid 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of finish line design (chamfer and feather‐edge) and ceramic type on the internal and marginal fits of fixed partial dentures on abutment teeth.Materials and methodsTwo typodont mandibular casts, missing right first premolar tooth, received tooth preparation on canine and second premolar abutments (one cast with chamfer finish line and the other cast with feather‐edge finish line). The preparation segment of each typodont model was scanned, 3D printed in resin, and then invested and casted in metal to obtain two metal models. Polyvinyl siloxane impressions were made for the metal models and poured in type IV stone. The stone models (n = 40) were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 10): chamfer finish line with heat‐pressed zirconia reinforced lithium disilicate fixed partial denture (CL), chamfer finish line with monolithic zirconia fixed partial denture (CZ), feather‐edge finish line with heat‐pressed zirconia‐reinforced lithium disilicate fixed partial denture (FL), and feather‐edge finish line with monolithic zirconia fixed partial denture (FZ). After the fabrication of ceramic restoration, micro‐computed tomography was used to evaluate the internal and marginal fits of each fixed partial denture. Data were statistically analyzed with three‐way ANOVA (α = 0.05).ResultsThere were no significant interactions between preparation type, material type, and tooth type at any of the areas assessed. There was significant difference (p = 0.01) between CZ (59.15 ± 4.6 µm) and FZ (73.6 ± 17.1 µm) groups at the finish line area. Regarding the horizontal marginal discrepancy area, there were significant differences between CZ (62.65 ± 10.5 µm) and FZ (90.05 ± 5.6 µm) groups (p < 0.001), CL (77.45 ± 8.1 µm) and CZ (62.65 ± 10.5 µm) groups (p < 0.001), and FZ (90.05 ± 5.6 µm) and CL (77.45 ± 8.1 µm) groups (p < 0.001). At finish line area, there was a significant difference (p = 0.018) between feather‐edge with canine (72.75 ± 13.3 µm) and chamfer with canine (59.05 ± 5.8 µm); however, there was no significant difference (p = 0.774) between feather‐edge with premolar (69.45 ± 12 µm) and chamfer with premolar (65.1 ± 7.4 µm). Moreover, there was no significant difference (p = 0.886) between feather‐edge with canine and feather‐edge with premolar.ConclusionsThe internal and marginal fits of the ceramic fixed partial dentures can be affected by the finish line design and ceramic type. The feather‐edge finish line had a negative impact on the marginal and internal fits of ceramic fixed partial dentures at certain measurement points. Regarding the effect of finish line design on abutment teeth, the difference in fit was only detected at the finish line area of the anterior abutment (canine) with the feather‐edge finish line.
The social, emotional, and behavioral skill antecedents to college students' volunteering during theCOVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Sewell Madison N. , Napolitano Christopher M. , Roberts Brent W. , Soto Christopher J. , Yoon Hee J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe disruptions to community functioning caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic spurred individuals to action. This empirical study investigated the social, emotional, and behavioral (SEB) skill antecedents to college students' volunteering during the COVID‐19 pandemic (N = 248,Mage = 20.6). We assessed eight SEB skills at the onset of a volunteering program, and students' volunteer hours were assessed 10‐weeks later. Approximately 41.5% of the sample did not complete any volunteer hours. Higher levels of perspective taking skill, abstract thinking skill, and stress regulation were associated with more time spent volunteering. These results suggest that strength in particular SEB skills can prospectively predict prosocial civic behaviors.
Topical fluoride hesitancy among caregivers: Development of a content‐valid topical fluoride hesitancy identification item pool
Authors: Edwards Todd C. , Carle Adam , Kerr Darragh , Carpiano Richard M. , Nguyen Daisy Patiño , Orack Joshua C. , Chi Donald L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo develop a content‐valid set of items to characterize different types of topical fluoride hesitancy among caregivers. We will use this information to develop and test tailor‐made interventions directed to caregivers with varied types and levels of topical fluoride hesitancy, to ultimately improve child oral health.MethodsCaregivers participated in three study activities, in the following order: (1) semi‐structured concept elicitation interviews (n = 56), (2) cognitive interviews (n = 9), and (3) usability interviews (n = 3). Interviews were conducted via telephone and audio‐recorded and transcribed for qualitative analysis. Twelve pediatric dental providers and researchers participated in item review. An assessment of reading level of items was made with goal of 6th grade reading level or less.ResultsBased on elicitation interviews, we initially developed 271 items, which the investigative team evaluated for conceptual clarity, specificity to topical fluoride hesitancy, and sensitivity to potential interventions. After four rounds of review and cognitive interviews, we retained 33 items across five previously identified domains. Changes after cognitive interviews included item revision to improve comprehension and item re‐ordering to avoid order effects. Changes after usability testing including clarification regarding referent child for families with multiple children. The reading level of the item pool is grade 3.2.ConclusionsThe resulting 33‐item fluoride hesitancy item pool is content valid and will address an important need for identifying and addressing topical fluoride hesitancy in the context of dental research and clinical practice. Next steps include psychometric evaluation to assess scale and test–retest reliability and construct validity.
Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in dogs undergoing MRI for a thoracolumbar vertebral column pathology
Authors: Paran E. , Major A. C. , Warren‐Smith C. , Hezzell M. J. , MacFarlane P. 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesThe aims of the study were to investigate the prevalence and extent of gastroesophageal reflux, and the prevalence of regurgitation in dogs undergoing thoracolumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging, and to explore possible associations of reflux and regurgitation with signalment (breed, age, sex, neuter status), bodyweight, body condition score and drugs used in the anaesthetic protocol.Materials and MethodsThe thoracic part of the oesophagus was retrospectively assessed for presence and quantification of fluid on two T2 weighted sequences. Patient breed, age, sex, neuter status, weight and body condition score were recorded. Anaesthetic records were reviewed for the presence of regurgitation and detailed anaesthetic protocols.ResultsFifty percent (95% confidence interval: 45 to 57%) of included dogs had evidence of gastroesophageal reflux. Reflux was not associated with the individual breed, age, sex, neuter status or body weight. Brachycephalic dogs did not demonstrate significantly higher rates of reflux compared to non‐brachycephalic dogs. A larger volume of reflux was associated with a higher chance of regurgitation.Clinical SignificanceGastroesophageal reflux is a common finding in dogs undergoing thoracolumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging. Dogs which regurgitated had higher volumes of reflux. Early detection and quantification of the volume of reflux is helpful as it may allow the anaesthetist to take measures which may reduce the risk of associated complications.