bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choosing death in unjust conditions: hope, autonomy and harm reduction
Authors: Wiebe Kayla , Mullin Amy 
Published: April 2023

In this essay, we consider questions arising from cases in which people request medical assistance in dying (MAiD) in unjust social circumstances. We develop our argument by asking two questions. First, can decisions made in the context of unjust social circumstance be meaningfully autonomous? We understand ‘unjust social circumstances’ to be circumstances in which people do not have meaningful access to the range of options to which they are entitled and ‘autonomy’ as self-governance in the service of personally meaningful goals, values and commitments. People in these circumstances would choose otherwise, were conditions more just. We consider and reject arguments that the autonomy of people choosing death in the context of injustice is necessarily reduced, either by restricting their options for self-determination, through their internalisation of oppressive attitudes or by undermining their hope to the point that they despair.Second, should MAiD be available to people in such circumstances, even when a sound argument can be made that the agents in question are autonomous? In response, we use a harm reduction approach, arguing that even though such decisions are tragic, MAiD should be available. Our argument engages with relational theories of autonomy as well as recent criticism raised against them and is intended to be general in application, although it emerges in response to the Canadian legal regimen around MAiD, with a focus on recent changes in Canada’s eligibility criteria to qualify for MAiD.
What makes a ‘good doctor’? A critical discourse analysis of perspectives from medical students with lived experience as patients
Authors: Stergiopoulos Erene , Martimianakis Maria Athina (Tina) 
Published: April 2023

What constitutes a ‘good doctor’ varies widely across groups and contexts. While patients prioritise communication and empathy, physicians emphasise medical expertise, and medical students describe a combination of the two as professional ideals. We explored the conceptions of the ‘good doctor’ held by medical learners with chronic illnesses or disabilities who self-identify as patients to understand how their learning as both patients and future physicians aligns with existing medical school curricula. We conducted 10 semistructured interviews with medical students with self-reported chronic illness or disability and who self-identified as patients. We used critical discourse analysis to code for dimensions of the ‘good doctor’. In turn, using concepts of Bakhtinian intersubjectivity and the hidden curriculum we explored how these discourses related to student experiences with formal and informal curricular content.According to participants, dimensions of the ‘good doctor’ included empathy, communication, attention to illness impact and boundary-setting to separate self from patients. Students reported that formal teaching on empathy and illness impact were present in the formal curriculum, however ultimately devalued through day-to-day interactions with faculty and peers. Importantly, teaching on boundary-setting was absent from the formal curriculum, however participants independently developed reflective practices to cultivate these skills. Moreover, we identified two operating discourses of the ‘good doctor’: an institutionalised discourse of the ‘able doctor’ and a counterdiscourse of the ‘doctor with lived experience’ which created a space for reframing experiences with illness and disability as a source of expertise rather than a source of stigma. Perspectives on the ‘good doctor’ carry important implications for how we define professional roles, and hold profound consequences for medical school admissions, curricular teaching and licensure. Medical students with lived experiences of illness and disability offer critical insights about curricular messages of the ‘good doctor’ based on their experiences as patients, providing important considerations for curriculum and faculty development.
Fetal and maternal morbidity in pregnant patients with Lupus: a 10-year US nationwide analysis
Authors: Mehta Bella , Jannat-Khah Deanna , Glaser Katherine Kayla , Luo Yiming , Sammaritano Lisa R , Branch D Ware , Goodman Susan M , Lockshin Michael , Wang Fei , Ibrahim Said , Salmon Jane E 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate and quantify the indicators of fetal and maternal morbidity in deliveries for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared with deliveries in patients without SLE.MethodsWe used retrospective data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) to identify all delivery related hospital admissions of patients with and without SLE from 2008 to 2017 using ICD-9/10 codes. Fetal morbidity indicators included pre-term delivery and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). 21 indicators of severe maternal morbidity were identified using standard Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definitions. Descriptive statistics, including 95% confidence intervals, were calculated using sample weights from the NIS dataset.ResultsAmong the 40 million delivery-related admissions, 51 161 patients were reported to have SLE. Patients with SLE had a higher risk of fetal morbidity, including IUGR (8.0% vs 2.7%) and pre-term delivery (14.5% vs 7.3%), than patients without SLE. During delivery, mothers with SLE were nearly four times as likely to require a blood transfusion or develop a cerebrovascular disorder, and 15 times as likely to develop acute renal failure than those without SLE.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that fetal morbidity and severe maternal morbidity occur at a higher rate in patients with SLE compared with those without. This quantitative work can help inform and counsel patients with SLE during pregnancy and planning.
Perturbative approach to f(R)-gravitation in FLRW cosmology
Authors: Van Ky Pham , Van Nguyen Thi Hong , Ky Nguyen Anh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThef(R) theory of gravitation developed perturbatively around the general theory of relativity with cosmological constant (the$$\varLambda $$ΛCDM model) in a flat FLWR geometry is considered. As a result, a general explicit cosmological solution that can be used for any model with an arbitrary, but well-defined,f(R) function (just satisfying given perturbation conditions) is derived. This perturbative solution shows how the Hubble parameterH(t) depends on time (along with the cosmological constant and the matter density) to adapt to the evolution of the Universe. To illustrate, this approach is applied to some specific test models. One of these models appears to be more realistic as it could describe three phases of the Universe’s evolution. Despite the fact that the perturbation is applied for a flat FLWR geometry (according to the current cosmological observation) indicates that the obtained solution can mainly describe the evolution of the late Universe, it may also work for an early Universe. As a next step, the present method can be applied to the case with a more general FLRW geometry to increase the precision of the description of different stages in the evolution of the Universe. Finally, it is shown that in a desription of the Universe’s evolution the perturbativef(R)-theory can be considered as an effective GR with the cosmological constant$$\varLambda $$Λreplaced by an effective parameter$$ \varLambda _{eff}[\rho (t)] $$Λeff[ρ(t)]. This trick leads to a simpler way of solving anf(R)-theory regardless its specific form.
Constraining barrow entropy-based cosmology with power-law inflation
Authors: Luciano G. G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe study the inflationary era of the Universe in a modified cosmological scenario based on the gravity-thermodynamics conjecture with Barrow entropy instead of the usual Bekenstein–Hawking one. The former arises from the effort to account for quantum gravitational effects on the horizon surface of black holes and, in a broader sense, of the Universe. First, we extract modified Friedmann equations from the first law of thermodynamics applied to the apparent horizon of a Friedmann–Robertson–Walker Universe. Assuming a power-law behavior for the scalar inflaton field, we then investigate how the inflationary dynamics is affected in Barrow cosmological setup. We find that the inflationary era may phenomenologically consist of the slow-roll phase, while Barrow entropy is incompatible with kinetic inflation. By demanding observational consistency of the scalar spectral index and tensor-to-scalar ratio with recent Planck data, we finally constrain Barrow exponent to $$\Delta \lesssim \mathcal {O}(10^{-4})$$

Δ
≲
O
(

10

-
4

)

, which is the most stringent bound in so-far literature.
Median Nerve Recovery and Morphological Change on MRI at 24 Months after Open Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: HATTORI Yusuke , KAWAGUCHI Yohei , USAMI Takuya , WAGURI-NAGAYA Yuko , MURAKAMI Hideki , OKAMOTO Hideki 
Published: April 2023

Background: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between postoperative clinical results and long-term morphological changes in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) as observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after open carpal tunnel release (OCTR). Methods: We retrospectively analysed data for 28 hands that had undergone OCTR with at least 24 months of follow-up data. Two-point discrimination (2PD) test results were examined for the first three fingers, as were the distal motor latency (DML) and sensory conduction velocity (SCV) of the median nerve. We also calculated the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the carpal tunnel and the distance from the median nerve to the volar carpal bone at the hamate and the pisiform levels using MRI images. Variables were compared before and 24 months after OCTR. Results: Significant improvements in all variables were observed, including average 2PD scores (Finger I: 13.1 ± 6.2 vs. 7.7 ± 4.3, p < 0.01, Finger II: 11.9 ± 6.6 vs. 7.0 ± 3.5, p < 0.01, Finger III: 13.6 ± 6.1 vs. 7.8 ± 4.5, p < 0.01), average DML (8.3 ± 3.3 vs. 4.3 ± 0.6 m/s, p < 0.01), average SCV (30.8 ± 11.0 vs. 41.3 ± 5.3 m/s, p < 0.01), CSA of the carpal tunnel (hamate level: 194.9 ± 30.6 vs. 254.2 ± 47.6 mm2, p < 0.01, pisiform level: 244.2 ± 46.5 vs. 274.7 ± 75.1 mm2, p = 0.01) and the distance between the median nerve and volar carpal bone (hamate level: 8.7 ± 1.4 vs. 11.2 ± 1.6 mm, p < 0.01, pisiform level: 11.8 ± 1.7 vs. 13.8 ± 2.5 mm, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that OCTR is successful in achieving long-term decompression and recovery of the median nerve in patients with CTS. Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic)
Locked Tension Band Wiring for Mayo IIA Olecranon Fractures: Modified Surgical Technique and Retrospective Comparative Study of Clinical Outcomes and Cost-effectiveness with Locking Plate
Authors: KUWAHARA Yutaro , TAKEGAMI Yasuhiko , MITSUYA So , TOKUTAKE Katsuhiro , YAMAUCHI Kenichi , IMAGAMA Shiro 
Published: April 2023

Background: Tension band wiring (TBW) has traditionally been used for simple olecranon fractures, but due to its many complications, locking plate (LP) is increasingly being employed. To reduce the complications, we developed a modified technique for olecranon fracture repair, locked TBW (LTBW). The study aimed to compare (1) the frequency of complications and re-operations between LP and LTBW techniques, (2) clinical outcomes and the cost efficacy. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated data of 336 patients who underwent surgical treatment for simple and displaced olecranon fractures (Mayo Type ⅡA) in the hospitals of a trauma research group. We excluded open fractures and polytrauma. We investigated complication and re-operation rates as primary outcomes. As secondary outcomes, Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI) and the total cost, including surgery, outpatients and re-operation, were examined between the two groups. Results: We identified 34 patients in the LP group and 29 patients in the LTBW group. The mean follow-up period was 14.2 ± 3.9 months. The complication rate in the LTBW group was comparable to that in the LP group (10.3% vs. 17.6%; p = 0.49). Re-operation and removal rates were not significantly different between the groups (6.9% vs. 8.8%; p = 1.000 and 41.4% vs. 58.8%; p = 1.00, respectively). Mean MEPI at 3 months was significantly lower in the LTBW group (69.7 vs. 82.6; p < 0.01), but mean MEPI at 6 and 12 months were not significantly different (90.6 vs. 85.2; p = 0.06, 93.9 vs. 95.2; p = 0.51, respectively). The mean cost/patient of the total cost in the LTBW group were significantly lower than those in the LP group ($5,249 vs. $6,138; p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study showed that LTBW achieved clinical outcomes equivalent to those of LP and was significantly more cost effective than LP in the retrospective cohort. Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic)
Hybrid Tension Band Wiring for Olecranon Fractures
Authors: KIMURA Hiroo , MORISAWA Yasushi , SUZUKI Taku , IWAMOTO Takuji 
Published: April 2023

Tension band wiring (TBW) is a standard surgical technique for treating olecranon fractures (OFs). We devised a hybrid TBW (HTBW) combining TBW using wires with eyelets and cerclage wiring. Twenty-six patients with isolated OFs with Colton classification groups 1–2C were subjected to HTBW, and the data was compared with those treated with conventional TBW (38 patients). The mean operation time and hardware removal rate were 51 versus 67 minutes (p < 0.001) and 42% versus 74% (p < 0.012), respectively. The HTBW group had one patient (4%) with surgical wire breakage. The conventional TBW group had 14 patients (37%) with symptomatic backout of Kirschner wires, three patients (8%) with loss of reduction, two patients (5%) with surgical site infection and one patient (3%) with ulnar nerve palsy. The motion and functional score ranges of the elbow were not significantly different. Therefore, this procedure may be a feasible alternative. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
The 3D-Printed Titanium Truss Cage for the Treatment of Concurrent Complex Malunion, Synostosis and Large Bone Defect Following Forearm Injuries: A Case Report
Authors: JIANMONGKOL Surut , VINITPAIROT Chaiyos 
Published: April 2023

A 28-year-old man sustained a complex forearm injury from high-energy trauma, causing ulnar nerve injury, a bone defect, forearm malunion and synostosis. A 3D-printed titanium truss cage was used to solve these problems. This patient achieved union of the bone defect, was pain-free and had no recurrent synostosis 2 years after reconstructive surgery. The advantages of the 3D-printed titanium truss cage included anatomical fit, immediate mobilisation and low morbidity of the donor side of the bone graft. This study reported a promising result from using 3D-printed titanium truss cages to manage complex forearm bony problems. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
The use of cover crops to reduce nitrate inputs to the Hampshire Chalk aquifer
Authors: Wilkinson Debbie M. , Howe Steve 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Nitrate concentrations in groundwater abstracted from the Hampshire Chalk have increased over the last 20 years. Concentrations at a public water supply are now close to or above the drinking water standard and additional treatment will be required. Investigations of land use and nitrate source apportionment indicate that the largest contributor of nitrate entering the chalk aquifer comes from arable agriculture. Modelling has shown that, under present land use conditions, nitrate concentrations will continue to rise until the latter half of the twenty-first century. South East Water have successfully engaged with land managers and have trialled the use of cover crops at two sites close to the public water supply. Cover crops retain nutrients in the soil and improve soil condition as an integral part of crop rotation. Trials included different crop mixtures such as a variety of
Raphanus sativus
(oil radish),
Vicia sativa
(common vetch) and
Trifolium alexandrinum/Trifolium incarnatum
(clover). Trials were calibrated using porous pot installations and water extracted from the pots was analysed throughout the cover crop growing season. Results indicate cover crops can reduce nitrate concentration losses to the subsurface by up to 80%. Widespread use of cover crops could reduce nutrient leaching to the aquifer and provide a sustainable solution to current groundwater quality issues.
Submarine channel stacking patterns controlled by the autogenic 3D kinematics of meander bends
Authors: Lemay Martin , Grimaud Jean-Louis , Cojan Isabelle , Rivoirard Jacques , Ors Fabien 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Channel kinematics play a pivotal but underappreciated role in determining submarine meandering channel stacking patterns. A stratigraphic forward model is here applied to turbidite systems to generate synthetic stratigraphic architectures and to compare channel trajectories recorded on cross-sections with the kinematics of meander bends. Various channel stacking patterns, which may be classified into four types, are obtained from a single set of constant parameters. This variety of stacking patterns observed from one 2D section to another is thus autogenic. It is the consequence of the 3D migration of meander bends. It reflects the number of consecutive bends that have intercepted the cross-section, which depends on the channel downstream migration rate. These 3D effects alone are sufficient to explain variations in the apparent migration rate and the reversal of migration direction. As a result, sigmoidal geometries can be preserved in aggrading systems without a significant change in channel geometry or varying aggradation and migration rates. Finally, despite these 3D effects, stratigraphic mobility numbers still provide good constraints on bend kinematics. These results should apply to meandering rivers and other meandering systems.
Prediction Model and Risk Quantification of Natural Gas Peak Production in Central Sichuan Paleo-Uplift Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Li Haitao , Yu Guo , Li Chun , Xie Zhenglong , Liu Chenxi , Zhang Dongming , Wang Chongyang 
Published: April 2023

Located in the Sichuan Basin of China, the central Sichuan paleo-uplift is a geological structure that spanned several areas in Sichuan province and was formed 500 million years ago. It is the bottom layer with rich conventional natural gas resources of more than

3
×

10

12

m

3

, and the proven reserves are about 30%, while the recovery rate is only 1.4%. In this paper, the Hubbert and Gauss models are used to study the peak production of natural gas. The Monte Carlo simulation method is used to predict the realization probability of future medium and long-term production, evaluate the risk level of natural gas production, and realize the whole process research from scale prediction to risk quantification of gas reservoirs. According to the Gauss model, under the realization probability of P50, the gas reservoir in the central Sichuan paleo-uplift can reach a peak production value of

145
×

10

8

m

3

/
a

, in 2040, and maintain a stable production state in 2034-2046. The risk grade evaluation matrix, through which the dispersion degree C ∈ (5% and 10%) in the rising stage and rapid production decline stage can be obtained, and the dispersion degree C ∈ (10% and 25%) in the stable production stage and slow production decline stage can be obtained. The dispersion degree and realization probability can be integrated to obtain the risk level at different stages.
Terrestrial vertebrate and butterfly diversity of Garbhanga Landscape, Assam, India
Authors: Mahananda Pranjal , Jelil Shah Nawaz , Bohra Sanath Chandra , Mahanta Nilutpal , Saikia Rohini Ballave , Purkayastha Jayaditya 
Published: April 2023

A study was conducted on the current status of terrestrial vertebrates and butterflies in Garbhanga Reserve Forest. Data were compiled from field surveys and secondary sources like existing literature, and citizen science databases. We found that Garbhanga is represented by 254 species of butterflies (6 families), 29 species of amphibians (7 families), 64 species of reptiles (12 families), 307 species of birds (68 families) and 31 species of mammals (19 families). In Garbhanga, amongst the studied group, two species are ‘Critically Endangered’ (CR), six species are ‘Endangered’ (EN), 14 species are ‘Vulnerable’ (VU), eight species are ‘Near Threatened’ (NT), eight species are ‘Data Deficient’ (DD), 411 species are ‘Least Concern’ (LC), and 236 species are not assessed (denoted by blank space). This shows a huge gap in research and status evaluation of understudied species. This in turn also provides further research opportunities on the lesser known species.
Workplace Discrimination and Risk of Hypertension: Findings From a Prospective Cohort Study in the United States
Authors: Li Jian , Matthews Timothy A. , Clausen Thomas , Rugulies Reiner 
Published: April 2023

Background
Mounting evidence has demonstrated a role of psychosocial stressors such as discrimination in hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to provide the first instance of research evidence examining prospective associations of workplace discrimination with onset of hypertension.

Methods and Results
Data were from MIDUS (Midlife in the United States), a prospective cohort study of adults in the United States. Baseline data were collected in 2004 to 2006, with an average 8‐year follow‐up period. Workers with self‐reported hypertension at baseline were excluded, yielding a sample size of 1246 participants for the main analysis. Workplace discrimination was assessed using a validated 6‐item instrument. During follow‐up with 9923.17 person‐years, 319 workers reported onset of hypertension, and incidence rates of hypertension were 25.90, 30.84, and 39.33 per 1000 person‐years among participants with low, intermediate, and high levels of workplace discrimination, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses demonstrated that workers who experienced high exposure to workplace discrimination, compared with workers with low exposure, had a higher hazard of hypertension (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.11–2.13]). Sensitivity analysis excluding more baseline hypertension cases based on additional information on blood pressure plus antihypertensive medication use (N=975) showed slightly stronger associations. A trend analysis showed an exposure‐response association.

Conclusions
Workplace discrimination was prospectively associated with elevated risk of hypertension among US workers. The adverse impacts of discrimination on cardiovascular disease have major implications for workers' health and indicate a need for government and employer policy interventions addressing discrimination.
‘The Christic Models’
Authors: Kaunda Chammah J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The task of this article is to interrogate and reconstruct Fabien Eboussi Boulaga’s theory of the Christic model as a pragmatic response to negative messianisms among African Pentecostals. Taking the hint from the two-natures messianic metaphoricity, the article argues that the messianic structure of Christ as an eternal myth is infinitely culturally demythologized into different historical and cultural contexts. It concludes by demonstrating that the two-natures messianicity captures a dialectic connection between divine infinity and human finitude. A pragmatic reconceptualization of the two-natures messianicity serves as a structuring principle or functional messianic model in the search for a balance of power and accountability in the struggle against menacing dominant hegemonies. It is critical because African Pentecostalism functions with the power-over as a structuring principle which makes congregants vulnerable to abuse of spiritual power and objectification, sexualization, and exploitation of a mystified mass.