bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron homeostasis and ferroptosis in muscle diseases and disorders: mechanisms and therapeutic prospects
Authors: Ru Qin , Li Yusheng , Zhang Xi , Chen Lin , Wu Yuxiang , Min Junxia , Wang Fudi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The muscular system plays a critical role in the human body by governing skeletal movement, cardiovascular function, and the activities of digestive organs. Additionally, muscle tissues serve an endocrine function by secreting myogenic cytokines, thereby regulating metabolism throughout the entire body. Maintaining muscle function requires iron homeostasis. Recent studies suggest that disruptions in iron metabolism and ferroptosis, a form of iron-dependent cell death, are essential contributors to the progression of a wide range of muscle diseases and disorders, including sarcopenia, cardiomyopathy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Thus, a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms regulating iron metabolism and ferroptosis in these conditions is crucial for identifying potential therapeutic targets and developing new strategies for disease treatment and/or prevention. This review aims to summarize recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis in the context of muscle injury, as well as associated muscle diseases and disorders. Moreover, we discuss potential targets within the ferroptosis pathway and possible strategies for managing muscle disorders. Finally, we shed new light on current limitations and future prospects for therapeutic interventions targeting ferroptosis.
Neuronal polyunsaturated fatty acids are protective in ALS/FTD
Authors: Giblin Ashling , Cammack Alexander J. , Blomberg Niek , Anoar Sharifah , Mikheenko Alla , Carcolé Mireia , Atilano Magda L. , Hull Alex , Shen Dunxin , Wei Xiaoya , Coneys Rachel , Zhou Lele , Mohammed Yassene , Olivier-Jimenez Damien , Wang Lian Y. , Kinghorn Kerri J. , Niccoli Teresa , Coyne Alyssa N. , van der Kant Rik , Lashley Tammaryn , Giera Martin , Partridge Linda , Isaacs Adrian M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Here we report a conserved transcriptomic signature of reduced fatty acid and lipid metabolism gene expression in a Drosophila model of C9orf72 repeat expansion, the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD), and in human postmortem ALS spinal cord. We performed lipidomics on C9 ALS/FTD Drosophila, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell neurons and postmortem FTD brain tissue. This revealed a common and specific reduction in phospholipid species containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Feeding C9 ALS/FTD flies PUFAs yielded a modest increase in survival. However, increasing PUFA levels specifically in neurons of C9 ALS/FTD flies, by overexpressing fatty acid desaturase enzymes, led to a substantial extension of lifespan. Neuronal overexpression of fatty acid desaturases also suppressed stressor-induced neuronal death in iPS cell neurons of patients with both C9 and TDP-43 ALS/FTD. These data implicate neuronal fatty acid saturation in the pathogenesis of ALS/FTD and suggest that interventions to increase neuronal PUFA levels may be beneficial.
Distribution characteristics of top SOC in different forest types of Genhe in the Greater Khingan Range of Inner Mongolia
Authors: Zhang Jie , Song Mingyue , Zheng Shulin , Zhou Pei , Guo Jun , He Junnan , Yue Haijun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Soil serves as the largest active carbon reservoir in terrestrial ecosystems, playing a pivotal role in carbon sequestration. The study area is situated in Genhe City, on the western slope of the northern segment of the Greater Khingan Range in Inner Mongolia. We utilized a TOC/TN analyzer to measure the soil organic carbon (SOC) content and applied data analysis methods, including the coefficient of variation and the semivariogram function model, to examine the spatial distribution characteristics of SOC content in the surface layer. The results showed that the variation range of SOC content in the 0–5 cm and 5–10 cm soil layers of the four types of forest land sampling points is 100.98–327.59 g/kg and 44.22–322.71 g/kg. Within the same forest land, SOC content decreases with increasing soil depth. Overall, as latitude increases, the top SOC content shows an upward trend. However, in the Hanma region, the relationship between SOC content and latitude varies across different soil layers. This variation may be attributed to differences in vegetation, topography, and altitude. We believe that latitude, forest type, and altitude all influence the spatial distribution of SOC content. These findings provide a scientific basis and reference for establishing the spatial distribution patterns of top SOC content.
Investigation on the influence of co-sensitization on semi-transparent DSSCs fabricated using NIR-sensitive squaraine dyes and visible dyes
Authors: Izyan Nur , Glinka Adam , Pradhan Safalmani , Mysorekar Chinmai , Pandey Shyam Sudhir , Ziółek Marcin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Two squaraine dyes (“blue colored” SQ258 and “green colored” SQ259) active in the near-infrared spectral range were co-sensitized with popular commercial dyes (D35 and N719) and their photophysical characterizations were performed using stationary and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques. The dye mixtures, D35:SQ258 and N719:SQ259 demonstrated a better photovoltaic performance when compared with their individual photovoltaic efficiencies. The studied different DSSC configurations using squaraine dyes and mixtures in the devices with thin TiO2 layer show the potential application in multi-color semi-transparent cells. The D35:SQ258 system was also evaluated in the presence of cobalt-based redox shuttle, revealing improved performance compared to I−/I3
−. The stationary, transient absorption and external quantum efficiency spectra indicated the squaraine dye de-aggregating function of D35 and N719 dyes. The fast internal conversion of the excited squaraine dyes which competes with too slow electron injection was observed as the main reason for the limited charge separation efficiency in the studied cells of pure squaraine dyes. However, as a result of the synergetic effects of the co-sensitized dyes, the improvement of the charge separation efficiency was revealed. Finally, transient absorption studies revealed that upon exclusive excitation of squaraine dyes an ultrafast energy transfer between the squaraine monomers and their H-aggregates takes place, and a Stark shift of absorption band of co-sensitized dyes can be observed.
Nuclear mechano-confinement induces geometry-dependent HP1α condensate alterations
Authors: Hovet Oda , Nahali Negar , Halaburkova Andrea , Haugen Linda Hofstad , Paulsen Jonas , Progida Cinzia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cells sense external physical cues through complex processes involving signaling pathways, cytoskeletal dynamics, and transcriptional regulation to coordinate a cellular response. A key emerging principle underlying such mechanoresponses is the interplay between nuclear morphology, chromatin organization, and the dynamic behavior of nuclear bodies such as HP1α condensates. Here, applying Airyscan super-resolution live cell imaging, we report a hitherto undescribed level of mechanoresponse triggered by cell confinement below their resting nuclear diameter, which elicits changes in the number, size and dynamics of HP1α nuclear condensates. Utilizing biophysical polymer models, we observe radial redistribution of HP1α condensates within the nucleus, influenced by changes in nuclear geometry. These insights shed new light on the complex relationship between external forces and changes in nuclear shape and chromatin organization in cell mechanoreception.
Management of Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies
Authors: Vasquez Alejandra , Fine Anthony L. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDevelopmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are a group of rare, severe, early-onset epilepsies characterized by pharmacoresistance, marked electroencephalographic abnormalities, and delayed or regressive psychomotor development. DEEs are associated with poor long-term outcomes and increased mortality; however, early recognition and targeted treatment can impact neurodevelopmental outcomes and overall quality of life. Treatment with antiseizure medication is often challenging given drug resistance, chronic polypharmacy, and medication interactions. With advances in genetic testing and increased understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms of DEEs, the treatment approach is evolving and includes repurposed antiseizure medications and targeted therapies, as well as early surgical intervention in select patients. In addition to high seizure burden and neurodevelopmental delay, DEEs are associated with comorbidities affecting a range of body systems; these can include intellectual disability, psychiatric disorders, motor dysfunction, and respiratory and gastrointestinal problems. Over time, these comorbidities increase the complexity of management and have important implications on the disease burden and quality of life for both patients and their caregivers. Multidisciplinary care in DEEs is paramount. We summarize the current evidence on the management of specific DEEs, focusing on targeted therapies and optimizing outcomes.
Negative Radiation Pressure Scheme for Simultaneous Suppression of Arduous Back-Action Evasion and Shot Noise in Gravitational Wave Detectors
Authors: Agasti Souvik , Nesladek Milos , shukla abhishek 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Aiming at applications for gravitational wave (GW) detection, in particular at the reduction of quantum back action noise, we propose a novel scheme how to obtain back action evading measurements performed on an opto-mechanical cavity, by introducing a negative radiation pressure coupling between the cavity field and the end mirror. The scheme consists of introducing a double cavity with end mirrors interlocked by a pivot and moving in opposite directions. The measurement is performed by sending a two-mode squeezed vacuum to both cavities and detecting the output through the heterodyne detection. Compared to the previously proposed hybrid negative mass spin-optomechanical system in [1], we see that our scheme is capable to suppress back action noise by nearly two orders of magnitude more in the lower frequency region. Overall, the setup has been able to squeeze the output noise below the standard quantum limit, with more efficiency. The scheme has also proven to be beneficial for reducing thermal noise by a significant amount. We confirm our result by a numerical analysis and compared it with the previous proposals [1].
On the nonlinear Poincaré flow
Authors: Crovisier Sylvain , Yang Dawei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We develop a tool in order to analyse the dynamics of differentiable flows with singularities. It provides an abstract model for the local dynamics that can be used in order to control the size of invariant manifolds. This work is the first part of the results announced in Crovisier and Yang (2017 arXiv:1702.05994).
Asymmetric Hexagonal Silicon Nanowires with Partial Cylindrical Hole Defects for Improved Energy Harvesting Efficiency
Authors: Khaled Awad , Hameed Mohamed Farhat O. , AREED NIHAL F. F. , Obayya Salah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recently, nanostructured silicon nanowires (SiNWs) have provided an attractive solution for realizing an efficient light-trapping compared to conventional thin film solar cell (SC). However, the photoconversion efficiency of the SiNWs is still lower than the expectation from such emerging photovoltaic devices. In this paper, the idea of symmetry breaking into the silicon NWs SC is introduced by integrating a cylindrical nanohole (CNH) into a solid hexagonal nanowire (HNW). The asymmetric design allows a significantly improved optical absorption due to the intensified nanofocusing effect in the active material. Additionally, the proposed structure substantially enhances the sunlight absorption by increasing the number of excited modes through the HNW. Further, the high surface reflections are reduced, and the light confinement is increased due to the decrease in the surface filling ratio. The volume and the position of the CNH are tuned to break the structure symmetry and boost the effective absorption in almost the entire spectrum band and hence the electrical power conversion efficiency. The proposed NW is numerically analyzed by the Lumerical software package based on the 3D finite-difference-time-domain (3D FDTD) and 3D finite-element methods (3D FEM). The optical ultimate efficiency (η), absorption, short circuit current density (JSC), fill factor (FF), open circuit voltage (VOC), and the NW power conversion efficiency (PCE) are investigated. The asymmetric HNW design provides a JSC of 33.17 (35.88) mA/cm2, and PCE of 16.03 (17.40) % with an enhancement of 14.18 % (17.98 %) and 17.26 % (21.25 %) for transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) incidents, respectively compared to the solid HNW counterpart.
Asymmetries from a charged memory-burdened PBH
Authors: Barman Basabendu , Loho Kousik , Zapata Óscar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We explore a purely gravitational origin of observed baryon asymmetry and dark matter (DM) abundance from asymmetric Hawking radiation of light primordial black holes (PBH) in presence of a non-zero chemical potential, originating from the space-time curvature. Considering the PBHs are described by a Reissner-Nordström metric, and are produced in a radiation dominated Universe, we show, it is possible to simultaneously explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry along with right DM abundance satisfying bounds from big bang nucleosynthesis, cosmic microwave background and gravitational wave energy density due to PBH density fluctuation. We also obtain the parameter space beyond the semiclassical approximation, taking into account the quantum effects on charged PBH dynamics due to memory burden.
Testing gravitational waveforms in full General Relativity
Authors: D'Ambrosio Fabio , Gozzini Francesco , Heisenberg Lavinia , Inchauspé Henri , Maibach David , Zosso Jann 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We perform a comprehensive analysis of state-of-the-art waveform models, focusing on their predictions concerning kick velocity and inferred gravitational wave memory. Recent advancements in gravitational wave instrumentation have established new benchmarks for the precision of future measurements. To fully exploit the potential of upcoming gravitational wave surveys, it is crucial to concurrently enhance both semi-analytical and numerical waveform models used for analyzing interferometer data. In this work, we establish a pathway towards achieving this goal by developing and implementing a pipeline to assess the accuracy of waveform models using energy-momentum balance laws derived in full, non-linear General Relativity. The numerical accuracy assessment is performed for precessing as well as non-precessing simulations for models belonging to the EOB, Phenom, and Surrogate families. Our analysis reveals statistically significant deviations, which we trace back to inaccuracies in modeling subdominant modes and inherent systematic errors in the chosen models. We corroborate our findings through analytical considerations regarding the mixing of harmonic modes in the computed kick velocities and inferred memories. The methodology developed and validated in this article provides a foundational approach for future waveform assessments and a selection guide for waveform models in practical applications.
The haloes that reionized the Universe
Authors: Joshi Nachiket , Sharma Mahavir 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study the reionization of the Universe due to haloes that host galaxies undergoing bursts of star formation. By comparing the recent results from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) with the cosmological hydrodynamical simulation eagle at z ≥ 6, we find that bursty galaxies have specific star formation rate, sSFR > 10-2 Myr-1, and magnitude, M
UV ≤ -17. Most of them reside in haloes of mass ∼ 109 M⊙ and some in more massive haloes. We then construct the models of escape fraction and find that a skewed Gaussian function with a flat tail towards the high mass end best describes the mean dependence of escape fraction on halo mass, considering the haloes hosting bursty galaxies as the primary drivers of reionization. We implement the models of escape fraction in the code 21cmfast to study the progress of reionization and derive the evolution of the mean ionized fraction that agrees well with observations. We also calculate the brightness temperature, spin temperature, and kinetic temperature and further study the spatial fluctuations in these quantities to gain insights into the progress of reionization. We compute the 21 cm power spectrum and predict a peak in power at 180 MHz corresponding to redshift, z ≈ 6.8, that is testable by the upcoming Square Kilometre Array (SKA). Our findings suggest that the Universe was reionized by the haloes of ≳ 109 M⊙.
Fast Determination of Oxygen in FeSiAl magnetic alloy by Inert Gas Fusion Method
Authors: Liu Pan , Chen Qianqian , Wang Shuo , Zhang Lijuan , Zhang Yi , Zhang Jianhao , Zhang Xinyao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A fast method that combines inert gas fusion with infrared absorption spectrometry for determination of total oxygen in FeSiAl magnetic alloy has been established. The whole analyzing process was introduced, especially the selection of sample weight, analytical power, fluxes and calibration. The blank test, precision test and spiked recovery test were conducted to verify the suitability and accuracy of the proposed method. Limit of quantifications were in the range of 0.010% to 0.012%, while relative standard deviations were less 9.5%. The recovery rates of oxygen in potassium hydrogen phthalate were between 90% and 107%. The inert gas fusion-infrared method of testing a sample needs 4 min. It has shown that the new method is accurate and efficient.
The Effect of Calibration with Different Matrix Reference Materials on the Accuracy of Oxygen Determination by Inert Gas Fusion-Infrared Absorptiometry
Authors: Li Ying , Sang Zhe , Zhao Zhihe , Zhu Lihui , Shi Xiaolu , Lu Huanming , Yingli Sun , Ke Peiling , Zhang Gongjun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The inert gas fusion-infrared absorptiometry is an effective means of determination of oxygen. The results need to be calibrated with reference materials (RMs), which is required to have the similar composition as the samples. However, due to the limited types of RMs on the market, currently, calibration with different matrix is widely used in the determination of oxygen of various materials. In this study, oxygen content was measured in 17 types of materials, including steels, metal oxides, non-metallic compounds, organic compounds, and oxygen-containing salts. The accuracy of oxygen determination was analyzed, and it was concluded that steel and iron oxide are effective RMs for low and high oxygen determination, respectively. It provides the experimental basis for the application of calibration with different matrix RMs to the determination of oxygen by inert gas fusion-infrared absorptiometry.
Investigation of pulse electromagnetic on Grain Refinement in 5356 Aluminum Alloy Casting
Authors: Xi Huangzhen , Bai Liang , Zhang Xinlong , Bao Xinyu , Liu Jingshun , Li Ze , Ma Yonglin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the production of aluminum castings, grain refiners are extensively used to achieve the desired grain refinement. However, the high cost associated with these materials significantly increases the overall expenses of the casting process. As a result, one of the primary goals in foundry operations is to implement more cost-effective methods of grain refinement. This study focuses on the innovative use of low-energy pulsed electromagnetic energy as an alternative approach for grain refinement during the casting of 5356 aluminum alloy. The research conclusively demonstrates the effectiveness of applying electromagnetic energy directly to the molten metal to refine the grain structure. Experimental investigations were carried out in an industrial casting environment, where the influence of electromagnetic energy on the solidification behavior of the 5356 aluminum alloy was systematically analyzed. The findings revealed a significant improvement in grain refinement, with a 16% reduction in grain size observed in the low cooling region of the cast material. Moreover, the application of electromagnetic energy was shown to promote the precipitation of the silicon (Si) phase, further enhancing the microstructural properties of the alloy. These results highlight the potential of using low-energy pulsed electromagnetic technology as a practical and cost-effective solution for grain refinement in aluminum foundry operations. The insights gained from this research may contribute to the development of more efficient casting techniques, ultimately reducing production costs while maintaining or improving the quality of the final product.
State of art on enhancing the corrosion rate of biodegradable iron alloys
Authors: Wang Anguo , Zhao Menghe , Ji Jiasheng , Sun Yaochuan , Liu Weihao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Biodegradable implants help avoid the adverse residual effects and the need for secondary surgeries associated with permanent implants. Recently, biodegradable metals (BMs), which are designed to gradually corrode within the body, have gained significant research interest as promising materials to meet this need. Iron (Fe) alloys are promising metals for the fabrication biodegradable implants, which possess excellent mechanical properties. However, their corrosion rates can be too slow in physiological environments for specific applications, such as cardiovascular and osteogenic devices. Therefore, techniques on enhancing the corrosion rate of Fe alloys are worth to study. Various methods have been explored to enhance their degradation, including alloying, processing and surface treatments. The paper reviewed biodegradable Fe alloys and their corrosion mechanism, the methods on enhancing corrosion rate, based on the development of metallic implant materials.
Radiographic restoration technique based on a simple scatter-and-noise degradation model to enhance image visibility in cone-beam computed tomography systems using an offset detector
Authors: Park Jiwon , Jeon Duhee , Han Seohee , Kim Woosung , Park Sungmin , Cho Hyosung 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study presents a novel radiographic restoration technique based on a simple
scatter-and-noise degradation model to enhance image visibility in cone-beam computed tomography
(CBCT) systems using an offset detector. This method aims to address the challenges of scatter and
noise in CBCT images. It involves three main steps: estimating the scattering intensity and
transmission function from the acquired projections, restoring projections by removing scatter and
noise using the estimated quantities, and reconstructing the image using the standard
filtered-backprojection algorithm. To verify the efficacy of the proposed method, we conducted an
experiment on a commercially available test phantom using a tabletop setup of the micro-CT
configuration, demonstrating significant improvements in key image quality metrics such as
contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), noise power spectrum (NPS), and modulation transfer function
(MTF). The CNR value of the restored CBCT image was approximately 2.1, representing a 5.3-fold
improvement over the original image; the NPS value evaluated at a spatial frequency of 3 lp/mm was
approximately 4.2 × 105, 55.3 times smaller than that for the descattered image;
and the spatial resolution evaluated at an MTF value of 0.1 was approximately 1.1 lp/mm, 8.4 times
greater than that of the original. Accordingly, our experimental results demonstrate that the
proposed method significantly enhances the visibility and quality of CBCT images. The method is
entirely software-based, making it practical for implementation without requiring additional
hardware or higher radiation doses.