bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen shows that loss of GET4 increases mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites and is neuroprotective.
Authors: Wilson Emma L. , Yu Yizhou , Leal Nuno Joao Santos , Patikas Nikolaos , Field Sarah F. , Plumbly William , Morris Jordan L. , Paupe Vincent , Adia Yusuf M. , Chowdhury Suvagata R. , Antrobus Robin , Lindop Georgina E. , Loh Samantha H. Y. , Prudent Julien , Martins L. Miguel , Metzakopian Emmanouil 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Organelles form membrane contact sites between each other, allowing for the transfer of molecules and signals. Mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact sites (MERCS) are cellular subdomains characterized by close apposition of mitochondria and ER membranes. They have been implicated in many diseases, including neurodegenerative, metabolic, and cardiac diseases. Although MERCS have been extensively studied, much remains to be explored. To uncover novel regulators of MERCS, we conducted a genome-wide, flow cytometry-based screen using an engineered MERCS reporter cell line. We found 410 genes whose downregulation promotes MERCS and 230 genes whose downregulation decreases MERCS. From these, 29 genes were selected from each population for arrayed screening and 25 were validated from the high population and 13 from the low population. GET4 and BAG6 were highlighted as the top 2 genes that upon suppression increased MERCS from both the pooled and arrayed screens, and these were subjected to further investigation. Multiple microscopy analyses confirmed that loss of GET4 or BAG6 increased MERCS. GET4 and BAG6 were also observed to interact with the known MERCS proteins, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) and glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75). In addition, we found that loss of GET4 increased mitochondrial calcium uptake upon ER-Ca2+ release and mitochondrial respiration. Finally, we show that loss of GET4 rescues motor ability, improves lifespan and prevents neurodegeneration a Drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease (Aβ42Arc). Together, these results suggest that GET4 is involved in decreasing MERCS and that its loss is neuroprotective.
A Cross Sectional Entomological Observation in Cutaneous leishmaniasis Endemic Highland Areas of Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Zigta Eyob , Yohannes Mekonnen , Tadesse Desalegn , Awala Abrham 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an important public health problem in the highlands of Ethiopia. In the northern Ethiopian region of Tigray, CL is widely prevalent but little is known regarding the sand fly fauna in the region. A short entomological survey was conducted to identify the species composition and habitats of sand flies in three highland CL foci of Ganta-Afeshum (Mugulat and Golea-Genahti) and Saesie-Tsaedemba (Kumasubuha) districts of Tigray in northern Ethiopia.
Method
Sand fly collections were carried out indoor and outdoor habitats in March/April 2018 using sticky papers and CDC light traps. The collected specimens were preserved in absolute and 70% alcohol, cleared, mounted in Berlese’s fluid and identified morphologically. Densities of sand flies between habitats were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and habitat preference using Mann–Whitney-U test while their inter-habitat diversity was measured using Shannon-Weiner species diversity index.
Result
A total of 706 specimens belonging to ten species of two genera were identified: Phlebotomus longipes (27.6%), P. arabicus (10.6%) P. sergenti (4.7%) P. gibiensis (1.4%), Sergentomyia bedfordi (30.3%), S. clydei (12.3%), S. multidens (7.6%), S. africana (4.4%) S. wansoni (0.8%) and S. schwetzi (0.1%). P. longipes was represented in all the three study sites and four outdoor habitats, including animal sheds in compounds of residents but predominantly collected from caves and crevices (72.6%). Similarly, P. arabicus and P. sergenti were encountered only in caves and crevices in kumasubuha. Overall, higher sand fly densities (12.13/ m2) and maximum species richness (S = 9) and diversity (H = 1.76) were observed in caves and crevices.
Conclusion
The study area was found to be rich in sand fly fauna including three Phlebotomus species known to be vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in several countries of the old world. However, the role of P. arabicus and P. sergenti in cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in Tigray requires further investigation. A longitudinal monthly collection would be recommended to get further insight into seasonal distribution and the diversity of the sand fly fauna in the region.
Improved EPANET Hydraulic Model with Optimized Roughness Coefficient using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Chia-Cheng Shiu , Chung Chih-Chung , Chiang Tzuping 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Calibrating hydraulic models for water distribution systems (WDS) is crucial during model-building, particularly in determining the roughness coefficients of pipes. However, using a single roughness coefficient based solely on pipe material can lead to significant variations in frictional head losses. To address this issue and enhance computational efficiency, this study utilized genetic algorithm (GA) for optimizing roughness coefficients with the Environmental Protection Agency Network Evaluation Tool (EPANET) hydraulic model. EPANET-GA further considers the spatial characteristics of pipes. The study incorporated an automated calibration process and a user graphic interface to analyze the water head pressures of WDS nodes for the Zhonghe and Yonghe districts. The model was optimized with 34,783 node items, 30,940 pipes, and 140 field measurements. Results reveal that the optimized roughness coefficient produces a high correlation coefficient (0.90) with the measured data in a time slot. Besides, a low standard error (8.93%) was achieved for 24-hour predictions. Furthermore, in the Shelin–Beitou district, the consideration of spatial characteristics was incorporated as constraints during the calibration process. The improved outcomes indicate that the EPANET-GA is a reliable reference for WDS design and routing scenarios in practice.
Production of Iron Enrisched Saccharomyces boulardaii: Impact of Process Variables
Authors: Tafazzoli Kiyana , Ghavami Mehrdad , Khosravi-Darani Kianoush 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

About half of the 1.62 billion cases of anemia are because of poor diet and iron deficiency. Currently, the use of iron-enriched yeasts can be used as the most effective and possible way to prevent and treat anemia due to the ability of biotransformation of mineral compounds into the organic form. In this research, for the first time, Saccharomyces boulardii was used for iron enrichment with the aim that the probiotic properties of yeast provide a potential iron supplement besides improving the bioavailability of iron. So, the effect of three process variables, including concentration of iron, molasses and KH2PO4 on the growth and biotransformation of yeast was investigated by the Box- Behnken design. In optimum condition biotransformation and biomass production reached to 155.95 mg/L and 7.08 g/L, respectively, under the conditions of the highest levels of KH2PO4 and molasses and 10.54 mg/L FeSO4. Enriched Saccharomyces boulardii can be recommended as a medicinal supplement or incorporated to bread to prevent and treat anemia.
Complete Surgical Myocardial Revascularization in Patients with Declined Renal Functions: 12-month Outcomes
Authors: Kaya Ibrahim C. , Bulut Halil I. , Lopes Leilani , Ozbayburtlu Merih , Kocaoglu Alper S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
This retrospective comparative study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of complete revascularization coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with multi-vessel disease (MVD)-CAD and declined renal functions, addressing the knowledge gap regarding optimal treatment strategies and outcomes in this specific patient population.
Methods:
Between 2020 and 2022, a total of 58 patients underwent on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery for complete myocardial revascularization in this study. To assess overall survival, Kaplan-Meier with the log-rank test was conducted for statistical analysis
Results:
The mean age of cohort was 60.7. The findings showed a high prevalence of medical conditions such as hypertension (50.0%), diabetes (50.0%), and anaemia (41.4%) among the participants. Intraoperatively, low cardiac output syndrome was reported in 5.2% of cases, while perioperative outcomes indicated a need for transfusions in 53.5% of cases and an in-hospital mortality rate of 3.4%. At the 12-month follow-up, no redo revascularization or renal replacement therapy was required, but cardiac mortality was 5.2% and all-cause mortality was 6.9%.
Conclusions:
The study concluded that complete revascularization is safe for these patients and highlights the potential benefits, emphasizing the need for further research in optimizing revascularization techniques for this population.
Incidence and risk factors of hypothyroidism after treatment for early breast cancer: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Digkas Evangelos , Smith Daniel , Wennstig Anna-Karin , Matikas Alexios , Tegnelius Eva , Valachis Antonios 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose An increased incidence of hypothyroidism among breast cancer survivors has been observed in earlier studies. The impact of the postoperative treatment modalities and their potential interplay on hypothyroidism development needs to be studied.Methods We conducted a population- and registry- based study using the Breast Cancer Data Base Sweden (BCBaSe) including females diagnosed with breast cancer between 2006 and 2012. In total, 21,268 female patients diagnosed with early breast cancer between 2006 and 2012, with no previous prescription of thyroid hormones and no malignant diagnosis during the last ten years before breast cancer diagnosis, were included in the final analysis.Results During the follow-up (median follow-up time 7.9 years), 1,212 patients (5.7%) developed hypothyroidism at a median time of 3.45 years from the index date. No association of the systemic oncological treatment in terms of either chemotherapy or endocrine therapy and hypothyroidism development could be identified. A higher risk (HR 1.68;95% CI:1.42–1.99) of hypothyroidism identified among patients treated with radiation treatment of the regional lymph nodes whereas no increased risk in patients treated only with radiation therapy to the breast/chest-wall was found (HR:1.01; 95% CI:0.86–1.19). The risk of hypothyroidism in the cohort treated with radiotherapy of the regional lymph nodes was present irrespective of the use of adjuvant chemotherapy treatment.Conclusions Based on the results of our study, the implementation of hypothyroidism surveillance among the breast cancer survivors treated with radiotherapy of the regional lymph nodes can be considered as reasonable in the follow-up program.
Fleet-wide assessment of alternative aviation fuels with a combined flight and LCA model
Authors: Klenner Jan , Lund Marianne , Muri Helene , Strømman Anders 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Emissions from aviation contribute increasingly to air pollution and climate change.
Several alternative aviation fuels that may reduce life-cycle emissions have been proposed, but most comparative assessments of these disregard a variation of the mitigation potential with flight distance, highly relevant short-lived climate forcings, and changes to aircraft design.
To address these gaps, we integrate a geospatial fuel and emissions model into a life cycle assessment and assess the mitigation potential of alternative aviation fuels on 210,000 shorter-haul flights.
We find that in an optimistic case, liquid hydrogen and power-to-liquid fuels' mitigation potentials range from 44\% on shorter flights to 56\% on longer flights in the GWP100 metric.
The mitigation potential is limited because we include short-lived climate forcings with up-to-date impacts and assume a shorter mean flight distance.
These findings are important to researchers and decision-makers engaged in climate change mitigation in the aviation and transport sector.
Experimental and Numerical Study of formation mechanism of dual-phase (AlCoCrFeNi)X HEAs brazed joints by reactive Ni/Al nano-multilayers
Authors: Wu Baolei , Yu Weiyuan , Hu Zhen , Sun Xuemin , Zhu Wenqi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The FCC + BCC dual-phase solid solution structure was obtained in the Al0.1CoCrFeNi /304SS brazed joints using Ni/Al reactive multilayer nano-foils, which was proved by combining experiment with simulation. In this study, Finite Element Analysis was achieved to analyzing the diffusion behavior across brazing joints, which were subsequently interrelated with the formation mechanism of the brazed micro-structures during the brazing process. During brazing, the joint interface is tightly bonded and the atoms were diffused sufficiently to form the solid solution zone. The representative microstructure of the joint mainly comprised hard BCC (Al-Ni) + ductile FCC (Co-Fe-Cr) dual-phase. The successful use of nano-multilayer foils as a HEAs fillers design can broaden the application range of HEAs and provide a novelty procedure for brazing 304SS and Al0.1CoCrFeNi HEAs, and is developing a novel field in manufacture of HEAs-related joints.
Mechanistic model of radiotherapy-induced lung fibrosis using coupled 3D Agent-Based and Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Durante Marco , Cogno Nicolò , Bauer Roman 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Mechanistic modelling of normal tissue toxicities is unfolding as an alternative to the phenomenological Normal Tissue Complication Probability models currently used in the clinics that rely exclusively on limited patient data. Among the various approaches, Agent-Based Models (ABMs) are appealing as they provide the means to include patient-specific parameters and simulate long-term effects in complex systems. However, Monte Carlo (MC) tools remain the state-of-the-art for modelling radiation transport and provide measurements of the delivered dose with unmatched precision. In this work, we delineate the implementation of and characterize the first coupled 3D ABM-MC model that mechanistically simulates the onset of the radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RILF) in an alveolar segment. Our model replicates extracellular matrix patterns, RILF severity indexes (RSI) and functional-subunits (FSU) survivals that show qualitative agreement with experimental studies and are consistent with our past results. Moreover, in accordance with experimental results, higher FSUs survival and lower RSI were achieved when a 5-fractions treatment was simulated. Finally, the model showed increased sensitivity to peaked protons dose distributions with respect to flatter ones from photons irradiation. Our work lays thus the groundwork for further investigating the effects of different radiotherapeutic treatments on the onset of RILF via mechanistic modelling.
'A distinct circular DNA profile intersects with proteome changes in the genotoxic stress-related hSOD1G93A model of ALS'
Authors: Gerovska Daniela , Noer Julie B , Qin Yating , Ain Quratul , Januzi Donjetë , Schwab Matthias , Witte Otto W , Araúzo-Bravo Marcos Jesus , Kretz Alexandra 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Numerous genes, including SOD1, mutated in familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (f/sALS) share a role in DNA damage and repair, emphasizing genome disintegration in ALS. One possible outcome of chromosomal instability and repair processes is extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) formation. Therefore, eccDNA might accumulate in f/sALS with yet unknown function.
Methods
We combined rolling circle amplification with linear DNA digestion to purify eccDNA from the cervical spinal cord of 9 co-isogenic symptomatic hSOD1G93A mutants and 10 controls, followed by deep short-read sequencing. We mapped the eccDNAs and performed differential analysis based on the split read signal of the eccDNAs, referred as DifCir, between the ALS and control specimens, to find differentially produced per gene circles (DPpGC) in the two groups. Compared were eccDNA abundances, length distributions and genic profiles. We further assessed proteome alterations in ALS by mass spectrometry, and matched the DPpGCs with differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in ALS. Additionally, we aligned the ALS-specific DPpGCs to ALS risk gene databases.
Results
We found a six-fold enrichment in the number of unique eccDNAs in the genotoxic ALS-model relative to controls. We uncovered a distinct genic circulome profile characterized by 225 up-DPpGCs, i.e., genes that produced more eccDNAs from distinct gene sequences in ALS than under control conditions. The inter-sample recurrence rate was at least 89% for the top 6 up-DPpGCs. ALS proteome analyses revealed 42 corresponding DEPs, of which 19 underlying genes were itemized for an ALS risk in GWAS databases. The up-DPpGCs and their DEP tandems mainly impart neuron-specific functions, and gene set enrichment analyses indicated an overrepresentation of the adenylate cyclase modulating g protein pathway.
Conclusions
We prove, for the first time, a significant enrichment of eccDNA in the ALS-affected spinal cord. Our triple circulome, proteome and genome approach provide indication for a potential importance of certain eccDNAs in ALS neurodegeneration and a yet unconsidered role as ALS biomarkers. The related functional pathways might open up new targets for therapeutic intervention.
Assessment of Constructed Wetland Projects as a Multifunction Landscape: a case study in Egypt
Authors: ElMeligy aya , Gaber Rasha Mahmoud , Mostafa Hind Mostafa Mohamed , Haron Ahmed ,   Walaa S.E. Ismaeel7
Published: July 2023

Abstract

This research aims to develop a conceptual framework and assessment tool to assess sustainability of Multifunction Constructed Wetlands Projects (MCWP).first, by literature review to analyses the main points and identify the gaps in existing research to what concerns viewing constructed wetlands as multifunction sustainable landscape projects. To assess the performance of MCWP, urban sustainability indicators are proposed examining interconnections between environmental, economic and social aspects and their effects on each other. Indicators are selected according to their relevance to the United Nations and National Sustainable Development Goals, also performance-oriented assessment tools for MCWPs designed for wastewater treatment. The impacts of proposed indicators are then assessed using adapted Leopold Matrix method. Hence, this study aims to establish an assessment model to evaluate the sustainability features of MCWPs, by proposing a set of indicators that assess sustainability criteria related to MCWPs and proposing measurement metrics and respective weights for indicators and sub-indicators.
Mechanism of Anticancer Effect of Gambogic Acid on Gastric Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Joha Zıad , Öztürk Ayşegül , Yulak Fatih , Karataş Özhan , Ataseven Hilmi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Gambogic acid has demonstrated inhibitory effects on the growth of various cancer cell types, such as breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, and osteosarcoma. This study aims to investigate the antiproliferative activity of Gambogic acid on SNU-16 cells derived from gastric signet ring cell carcinoma and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Material and Methods
The cytotoxic effect of gambogic acid was evaluated in SNU-16 cells by treating them with different concentrations of the compound, and the XTT cell viability assay was employed to assess cell viability. ELISA was used to measure bax, BCL-2, caspase 3, PARP, and 8-oxo-dG levels. Additionally, immunofluorescence staining was applied to assess 8-oxo-dG and LC3β levels in SNU-16 cells.
Results
It was observed that gambogic acid exerted a dose-dependent and statistically significant antiproliferative effect on SNU-16 cells. The IC50 value of gambogic acid in SNU-16 cells was found to be 655.1 nM for 24 hours. Subsequent investigations conducted using the IC50 dose revealed a significant upregulation of apoptotic proteins including cleaved caspase 3, Bax, and cleaved PARP (p < 0.001), along with a downregulation of BCL-2 (p < 0.001), an anti-apoptotic protein. Moreover, the administration of this drug led to an upregulation of 8-oxo-dG (p < 0.001), a widely acknowledged biomarker indicating oxidative damage in DNA, as well as an increase in LC3β levels (p < 0.05), a marker associated with autophagy.
Conclusion
The antiproliferative effect of gambogic acid against gastric signet ring cell carcinoma is attributed to its ability to induce apoptosis and autophagy. This discovery highlights the promising potential of gambogic acid as a treatment option for gastric signet ring cell carcinoma.
Determinants of Community Acquired Pneumonia among Adult Patients at Health Facility in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Mulugeta Besufekad , Tesfahun Esubalew , Mamo Tadesse , Mohammaed Erzik , Endewent Ermiyas , Ayele Mollawork 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: Community-acquired pneumonia in adult remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality both in industrialized and developing countries including Ethiopia. Morbidity and mortality from community-acquired pneumonia have not improved during the last decades despite the best clinical standards available. Therefore, prompt assessment and correction of modifiable risk factors is crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality. But, there is a limited data on this issue in the current study area. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of community acquired pneumonia among adult patients visiting Debre Berhan University Hospital, Ethiopia.
Methods:An institution based un-matched case-control study design was conducted. A consecutive sampling technique was employed to select 113 cases and 113 controls until. Using SPSS version 25 software bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regression analysis was done to identify determinants of community acquired pneumonia. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and p-value < 0.05 were used to assess the level of significance.
Results: In this study, recent history of common cold [AOR: 4.35, 95% CI: (2.22, 8.51)], recent history of toothache [AOR: 2.51, 95% CI: (1.18, 5.33)], and not brushing a teeth regularly [AOR, 2.79, 95% CI: (1.32, 5.88)] were significantly associated with community acquired pneumonia.
Conclusion:In this study, common cold, recent history of toothache and lack of regular oral hygiene is significantly associated with community acquired pneumonia in adult. Therefore, health promotion on oral hygiene and common cold are recommended to decrease risk of pneumonia.