bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical studies of supersonic flow over a compression corner
Authors: Holmes S. C. , Squire L. C. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryNumerical solutions of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are presented for the shock/boundary-layer interaction which occurs with the attached, near-adiabatic, turbulent flow of air over a two-dimensional compression corner of 11° at a Mach number of 2·5.It is shown that for this near-adiabatic flow, the isenthalpic and non-isenthalpic Navier-Stokes equations produce solutions which are very similar in respect of the velocity,pressure and density fields.In the first part of the work, two different upstream, or approaching boundary-layer profiles are considered: one with a normal full velocity profile and the other with a less full velocity profile corresponding to a boundary layer that has developed in an adverse pressure gradient. Several turbulence models are compared using the isenthalpic form of the equations (because the computations are more economical). It is found that agreement with previous experiments (such as in the location of the shock and density profile predictions) is improved in the vicinity of the interaction using the non-equilibrium Johnson-King model compared to the equilibrium models of Baldwin-Lomax and Cebeci-Smith.The second part of the work examines the effects of turbulent Prandtl number (Prt) modelling for this flow using the non-isenthalpic form of the Navier-Stokes equations. Three models for the turbulent Prandtl number are tested. It is found that modelling Prt affects the velocity, pressure and density fields only very slightly, and that the main impact is on the prediction of temperatures very close to the wall. The adiabatic wall temperature variation through the interaction has been measured experimentally and compared with the predictions. The best agreement was obtained using Wassel and Catton's model for Pr, rather than the familiar assumption that Prt = 0·9 everywhere in the flow.
In-flight evaluation of Mach number at hypersonic speeds
Authors: Brailsford E. N. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe prime need to know Mach number in flight is likely to be for the efficient operation and control of air-breathing propulsion units. The errors incurred by the use of the analytical expressions, which have been developed for supersonic flight, are quantified and shown to be increasingly serious for speeds in excess of M = 5.5 approximately. Systems for calculating this parameter in flight are reviewed and compared. It is shown that three out of the four systems identified are capable, potentially, of registering Mach number to a good precision. In each case, to achieve optimum precision requires a good knowledge of ambient air temperature. Such knowledge is likely to be available from meteorological satellites.
Lighter-than-air developments in the United Kingdom
Authors: Nayler A. W. L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA small, but increasingly active, lighter-than-air industry has developed in the United Kingdom over the last 20 years. One of the five companies now involved has built more conventional helium filled airships than the rest of the world's manufacturers put together. Two others have supplied over 100 hot air airships — mostly to orders received from outside the UK.Current LTA designs and activity in the UK are described.
Unsteady effects of camber on the aerodynamic characteristics of a thin aerofoil moving near the ground
Authors: Zedan M. F. , Nuhait A. O. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe effect of camber on the aerodynamic characteristics of an infinitely thin aerofoil approaching the ground is studied using a numerical model that accounts for the unsteady nature of the flow. The wake is computed as a part of the solution and the image technique is used to account for ground effects. The results indicate that relative deviations of lift and moment coefficients, from corresponding values far from ground, decrease as the camber ratio or angle of attack increases. Moving the location of maximum camber backward has a similar effect. Meanlines of NACA 4-digit series showed smaller deviations compared to NACA 6-digit series meanlines. Increasing camber ratio or moving maximum camber backward causes the wake trajectory to be lower. The steady ground-effect approach is inaccurate and may give erroneous results for plates with high camber ratios at small angles of attack, especially near the ground.
Experiments on Space Shuttle Orbiter models in a free piston shock tunnel
Authors: Krek R. M. , Stalker R. J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHeat transfer and pressure measurements were made on a model of the United States Space Shuttle Orbiter in the University of Queensland's T4 shock tunnel at three angles of attack, with stagnation enthalpies which varied by a factor of 11, from 2·1 MJ/kg to 23 MJ/kg and normal shock Reynolds numbers which varied by a factor of 38, from 2·1 x l04 to 8·l x 105. Leeward pressure results were obtained for comparison with flight data and equilibrium calculations, but the majority of the experiments were conducted to investigate the heat transfer distributions around the shuttle model. Both the windward and leeward heat transfer results exhibit the onset of transition to turbulent flow. The leeward results are compared with flight data as well as with conventional wind tunnel data, and are used to establish trends associated with variation in the major flow and geometry parameters. It was found that although high enthalpy effects could be important, Reynolds number effects played a dominant role in determining the flow.
Some experimental aspects of the flow induced vibration of a cantilever mounted across two streams of air at right angles
Authors: Jubran B. A 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSome of the experimental features of the dynamic response of a cantilever subjected to two streams of air at right angles to each other are reported. The cantilever is mounted across a mainstream flow while subjected to another jet injected parallel to the test cylinder.The dimensionless vibration displacement amplitude was measured in the transverse direction (lift force direction) as well as in the streamwise direction (drag force direction) while varying the secondary jet flow velocity. It was found that in the vicinity of the cylinder a secondary jet can be used to reduce the dimensionless transverse vibration displacement amplitude in the lock-in region and increase it outside the lock-in region. The effect of jet injection on the streamwise direction vibration is to increase it for all reduced velocities considered.
Artificial word formation in the epic tradition: θοῦρος (‘fierce’) and the formula θούριδος ἀλκῆς
Authors: van Beek Lucien 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Homeric adjectives θοῦρος and θοῦρις (gen. -ιδος) are normally glossed as ‘rushing, impetuous, furious’. While θοῦρις exclusively qualifies feminine nouns, no feminine form of θοῦρος is attested. What was the exact relationship between θοῦρος and θοῦρις? In this paper it is argued that θοῦρις is not the paradigmatic feminine of θοῦρος, but an artificial formation of epic Greek. It arose in the formula θούριδος ἀλκῆς due to the metrical constraints of epic hexameter, and subsequently ousted the original feminine of θοῦρος. In elaborating this scenario, I show that the basic meaning of θοῦρος and θοῦρις is ‘fierce’. Other instances of artificial change of inflection in the HomericKunstspracheare discussed, and it is argued that the mechanism underlying their creation is linguistic contamination.
Deconstructing the Phoenician myth: ‘Cadmus and the palm-leaf tablets’ revisited
Authors: Waal Willemijn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAccording to Herodotus, the expressionphoinikeia grammatameans ‘Phoenician letters’ and refers to the Phoenician origins of the Greek alphabet. This account has found general acceptance, but it is not the only interpretation possible and other theories circulated in antiquity. The adjective φοῖνιξ does not only mean ‘Phoenician’; it can also refer to a palm tree or the colour red. This article argues that the expressionphoinikeia grammatadid not originally refer to the alphabet, but to Linear B writing on palm leaves, as already suggested by Frederick Ahl. It is shown that the account of Herodotus is the result of a ‘learned reinterpretation’, triggered by the ambiguity of the word φοῖνιξ. The new understanding ofphoinikeia grammataproposeds here has some important consequences: it implies that Linear B, as has long been suspected, was primarily written on palm leaves (hence ‘palm-leaf writing’) and that in classical antiquity there was at least a limited historical awareness of the existence of pre-alphabetic writing systems in the Aegean. This paper adduces additional evidence to substantiate these claims. Lastly, a case will be made that Herodotus’ incorrect reinterpretation has led to the ‘Phoenicianization’ of Cadmus, who was originally a Greek hero.
Challenges and tension fields in classical instrumental group tuition: interviews with Swedish Art and Music School teachers
Authors: Knutsson Ida 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGroup teaching is rapidly spreading across the world, but little research has been conducted to investigate its impact on students’ musical abilities in comparison to inclusion in group tuition contexts. This article investigates how music teachers from the classical orchestra instrumental tradition discuss group tuition. Three focus group interviews were conducted with participants from one Art and Music School in Sweden. The results show a tension field between progression and inclusion as well as different views on the definition of these concepts. These differing views on teaching quality imply a balancing act for the different agents within the profession.
Hunter territoriality creates refuges for threatened primates
Authors: Griffiths Brian M , Bowler Mark , Gilmore Michael P 
Published: March 2023

SummaryUnsustainable hunting threatens biodiversity in the tropics through the removal of key seed-dispersing frugivorous primates. Traditionally, hunting in the Amazon Basin was managed through hunter territoriality, with the threat of social sanctions for overexploitation. We examined hunter territoriality and differential prey selection as alternative hypotheses to central-place foraging. Territoriality occurred beyond common hunting grounds, which were on major rivers and immediately surrounding the community. Hunters displayed selectivity in prey choice, with 50% of hunters not hunting primates. The combination of hunter territoriality and differential prey selection means that over 22% of the hunted area of the Sucusari river basin could be considered primate refuge. Of the remaining hunted area, 16% was hunted relatively little by primate hunters. We suggest that the combination of territoriality and selection against primates creates refuges, mitigating the effects of sustained hunting pressure and contributing to the conservation of these species.
UroLift implants as surrogate fiducial markers for cone-beam CT-based prostate image-guided radiotherapy
Authors: Al-Balushi Ahmed , Cain Michelle , Reynolds Phil , Bridge Pete 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
UroLift implants are a novel treatment for the obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms arising from benign prostatic hyperplasia. This case study aimed to assess their effectiveness as fiducial marker (FM) surrogates in prostate image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT).

Method:
Cone-beam CT images from a patient receiving prostate radiation therapy underwent manual alignment using UroLift implants and also prostate soft-tissue matching by five experienced therapeutic radiographers. The match values of both methods were compared using Bland–Altman analysis. All five observers were also asked to score the ease of matching using both approaches.

Results:
The 95% mean level of agreement for the UroLift matches were within a 2-mm threshold in all dimensions. Comparison of UroLift and prostate matches had 95% limit of agreement values of −0·98 to 1·78, −0·58 to 0·49 and −1·83 to 1·04 mm in the vertical, longitudinal and lateral planes, respectively. All of the UroLift matches were rated as ‘very easy’ or ‘possible with little difficulty’ by the five observers.

Conclusion:
A small difference between the CBCT UroLift and CBCT prostate match was found. It has been shown that IGRT to the prostate with the aid of the UroLift system implants and CBCT is feasible and can eliminate the need for FM implants. Wider evaluation in a large cohort is recommended.
Community Science‐Informed Local Policy: A Case Study in Pinole Creek Litter Assessment
Authors: Cowger Win , Gomez Itzel , Martinez‐Rubin Norma , Moriarty Ann , Harwell Todd , Anich Lisa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCalifornia is one of the only states actively managing trash in its rivers. Several community groups in Pinole, CA, USA collaborated on a Thriving Earth Exchange community science project. Its purpose was to assess the trash in Pinole Creek and identify policy development opportunities for the community. The key scientific questions were: how much trash was in the creek at the time of the study, what types of trash were most abundant, and where should the community be most concerned about trash in the creek? The team enlisted additional community volunteers at local events. A randomized sampling design and a community science‐adapted version of The San Francisco Estuary Institute's Trash Monitoring Playbook was used to survey the trash in the creek. The Thriving Earth Team estimated there were 37 m3 and 47,820 pieces of total trash in the creek channel with an average concentration of 2 m3 per km and 2,697 pieces per km. The community gained an understanding of the scale of the problem. Plastic and single‐use trash were most abundant, and the community members expressed high concern about plastic single‐use food packaging and tobacco‐related waste. The community identified locations in the creek where trash was abundant and prioritized follow‐up study locations. Seven new recommendations were presented to the Pinole City Council. The City Council unanimously voted to further discuss ordinance‐related recommendations. And that was when community science contributed to local policy development.
Three-dimensional single particle tracking using 4π self-interference of temporally phase-shifted fluorescence
Authors: Maurice Leanne , Bilenca Alberto 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSingle particle tracking in three dimensions is an indispensable tool for studying dynamic processes in various disciplines, including material sciences, physics, and biology, but often shows anisotropic three-dimensional spatial localization precision, which restricts the tracking precision, and/or a limited number of particles that can be tracked simultaneously over extended volumes. Here we developed an interferometric, three-dimensional fluorescence single particle tracking method based on conventional widefield excitation and temporal phase-shift interference of the emitted, high-aperture-angle, fluorescence wavefronts in a greatly simplified, free-running, triangle interferometer that enables tracking of multiple particles at the same time with <10-nm spatial localization precision in all three dimensions over extended volumes (~35 × 35 × 2 μm3) at video rate (25 Hz). We applied our method to characterize the microenvironment of living cells and up to ~40 μm deep in soft materials.
Deep learning-enabled virtual histological staining of biological samples
Authors: Bai Bijie , Yang Xilin , Li Yuzhu , Zhang Yijie , Pillar Nir , Ozcan Aydogan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHistological staining is the gold standard for tissue examination in clinical pathology and life-science research, which visualizes the tissue and cellular structures using chromatic dyes or fluorescence labels to aid the microscopic assessment of tissue. However, the current histological staining workflow requires tedious sample preparation steps, specialized laboratory infrastructure, and trained histotechnologists, making it expensive, time-consuming, and not accessible in resource-limited settings. Deep learning techniques created new opportunities to revolutionize staining methods by digitally generating histological stains using trained neural networks, providing rapid, cost-effective, and accurate alternatives to standard chemical staining methods. These techniques, broadly referred to as virtual staining, were extensively explored by multiple research groups and demonstrated to be successful in generating various types of histological stains from label-free microscopic images of unstained samples; similar approaches were also used for transforming images of an already stained tissue sample into another type of stain, performing virtual stain-to-stain transformations. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent research advances in deep learning-enabled virtual histological staining techniques. The basic concepts and the typical workflow of virtual staining are introduced, followed by a discussion of representative works and their technical innovations. We also share our perspectives on the future of this emerging field, aiming to inspire readers from diverse scientific fields to further expand the scope of deep learning-enabled virtual histological staining techniques and their applications.
Upconversion nanoscopy revealing surface heterogeneity of tumor-secreted extracellular vesicles
Authors: Pu Rui , Zhan Qiuqiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSuper-resolution microscopic imaging employing upconversion nanoparticles is applied to reveal the surface heterogeneity of tumor cell-derived small extracellular vesicles, i.e., exosome. The number of surface antigens of every extracellular vesicles can be quantified by both the high imaging resolution and stable brightness of upconversion nanoparticles. This method proves its great potential in nanoscale biological studies.
In-situ growth of low-dimensional perovskite-based insular nanocrystals for highly efficient light emitting diodes
Authors: Wang Hao , Xu Weidong , Wei Qi , Peng Si , Shang Yuequn , Jiang Xianyuan , Yu Danni , Wang Kai , Pu Ruihua , Zhao Chenxi , Zang Zihao , Li Hansheng , Zhang Yile , Pan Ting , Peng Zijian , Shen Xiaoqin , Ling Shengjie , Liu Weimin , Gao Feng , Ning Zhijun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRegulation of perovskite growth plays a critical role in the development of high-performance optoelectronic devices. However, judicious control of the grain growth for perovskite light emitting diodes is elusive due to its multiple requirements in terms of morphology, composition, and defect. Herein, we demonstrate a supramolecular dynamic coordination strategy to regulate perovskite crystallization. The combined use of crown ether and sodium trifluoroacetate can coordinate with A site and B site cations in ABX3perovskite, respectively. The formation of supramolecular structure retard perovskite nucleation, while the transformation of supramolecular intermediate structure enables the release of components for slow perovskite growth. This judicious control enables a segmented growth, inducing the growth of insular nanocrystal consist of low-dimensional structure. Light emitting diode based on this perovskite film eventually brings a peak external quantum efficiency up to 23.9%, ranking among the highest efficiency achieved. The homogeneous nano-island structure also enables high-efficiency large area (1 cm2) device up to 21.6%, and a record high value of 13.6% for highly semi-transparent ones.
Serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) promotes EGFR-TKI resistance by enhancing GSK3β Ser9 autophosphorylation independent of its kinase activity in non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Huang Jing-Qiang , Duan Ling-Xin , Liu Qiu-Yu , Li He-Feng , Hu Ao-Ping , Song Jun-Wei , Lin Chuxuan , Huang Bingsheng , Yao Da , Peng Bin , Sun Yehong , Wen Yuxin , Yang Lin , Xu Xingzhi , Gong Li-Yun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is a major challenge for clinicians and patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) is a key oncoprotein in the EGFR/AKT pathway that participates in tumorigenesis. We found that high SRPK1 expression was significantly associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced NSCLC undergoing gefitinib treatment. Both in vitro and in vivo assays suggested that SRPK1 reduced the ability of gefitinib to induce apoptosis in sensitive NSCLC cells independently of its kinase activity. Moreover, SRPK1 facilitated binding between LEF1, β-catenin and the EGFR promoter region to increase EGFR expression and promote the accumulation and phosphorylation of membrane EGFR. Furthermore, we verified that the SRPK1 spacer domain bound to GSK3β and enhanced its autophosphorylation at Ser9 to activate the Wnt pathway, thereby promoting the expression of Wnt target genes such as Bcl-X. The correlation between SRPK1 and EGFR expression was confirmed in patients. In brief, our research suggested that the SRPK1/GSK3β axis promotes gefitinib resistance by activating the Wnt pathway and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for overcoming gefitinib resistance in NSCLC.
USP35 promotes cell proliferation and chemotherapeutic resistance through stabilizing FUCA1 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Xiao Yi , Jiang Xiaoyu , Yin Ke , Miao Tianshu , Lu Hanlin , Wang Wenqing , Ma Lijuan , Zhao Yinghui , Liu Chunyan , Qiao Yun , Zhang Pengju 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUbiquitin-specific-processing proteases 35 (USP35) is an under-characterized deubiquitinase and its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Here, we focus on delineating the impact of USP35 on CRC cell proliferation and chemo-resistance, as well as the possible regulatory mechanism. By examining the genomic database and clinical samples, we found that USP35 was overexpressed in CRC. Further functional studies showed that enhanced USP35 expression promoted CRC cell proliferation and resistance to oxaliplatin (OXA) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), whereas USP35 depletion impeded cell proliferation and sensitized cells to OXA and 5-FU treatments. Then, to explore the possible mechanism underlying USP35-triggered cellular responses, we performed co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) followed by mass spectrometry (MS) analysis and identified α-L-fucosidase 1 (FUCA1) as a direct deubiquitiation target of USP35. Importantly, we demonstrated that FUCA1 was an essential mediator for USP35-induced cell proliferation and chemo-resistance in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we observed that nucleotide excision repair (NER) components (e.g., XPC, XPA, ERCC1) were up-regulated by USP35-FUCA1 axis, indicating a potential mechanism for USP35-FUCA1-mediated platinum resistance in CRC. Together, our results for the first time explored the role and important mechanism of USP35 in CRC cell proliferation and chemotherapeutic response, providing a rationale for USP35-FUCA1-targeted therapy in CRC.