bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced coupling between offline neural replay events and default mode network activation in schizophrenia
Authors: Nour Matthew M , Liu Yunzhe , Higgins Cameron , Woolrich Mark W , Dolan Raymond J 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSchizophrenia is characterized by an abnormal resting state and default mode network brain activity. However, despite intense study, the mechanisms linking default mode network dynamics to neural computation remain elusive. During rest, sequential hippocampal reactivations, known as ‘replay’, are played out within default mode network activation windows, highlighting a potential role of replay-default mode network coupling in memory consolidation and model-based mental simulation. Here, we test a hypothesis of reduced replay-default mode network coupling in schizophrenia, using magnetoencephalography and a non-spatial sequence learning task designed to elicit off-task (i.e. resting state) neural replay. Participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (n = 28, mean age 28.2 years, range 20–40, 6 females, 13 not taking antipsychotic medication) and non-clinical control participants (n = 29, mean age 28.1 years, range 18–45, 6 females, matched at group level for age, intelligence quotient, gender, years in education and working memory) underwent a magnetoencephalography scan both during task completion and during a post-task resting state session. We used neural decoding to infer the time course of default mode network activation (time-delay embedding hidden Markov model) and spontaneous neural replay (temporally delayed linear modelling) in resting state magnetoencephalography data. Using multiple regression, we then quantified the extent to which default mode network activation was uniquely predicted by replay events that recapitulated the learned task sequences (i.e. ‘task-relevant’ replay-default mode network coupling). In control participants, replay-default mode network coupling was augmented following sequence learning, an augmentation that was specific for replay of task-relevant (i.e. learned) state transitions. This task-relevant replay-default mode network coupling effect was significantly reduced in schizophrenia (t(52) = 3.93, P = 0.018). Task-relevant replay-default mode network coupling predicted memory maintenance of learned sequences (ρ(52) = 0.31, P = 0.02). Importantly, reduced task-relevant replay-default mode network coupling in schizophrenia was not explained by differential replay or altered default mode network dynamics between groups nor by reference to antipsychotic exposure. Finally, task-relevant replay-default mode network coupling during rest correlated with stimulus-evoked default mode network modulation as measured in a separate task session. In the context of a proposed functional role of replay-default mode network coupling, our findings shed light on the functional significance of default mode network abnormalities in schizophrenia and provide for a consilience between task-based and resting state default mode network findings in this disorder.
Adjusting the stiffness of a cell-free hydrogel system based on tissue-specific extracellular matrix to optimize adipose tissue regeneration
Authors: Li Ye , Bi Xin , Wu Mengfan , Chen Xinyao , Zhan Weiqing , Dong Ziqing , Lu Feng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundLarge-area soft tissue defects are challenging to reconstruct. Clinical treatment methods are hampered by problems associated with injury to the donor site and the requirement for multiple surgical procedures. Although the advent of decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) offers a new solution to these problems, optimal tissue regeneration efficiency cannot be achieved because the stiffness of DAT cannot be altered in vivo by adjusting its concentration. This study aimed to improve the efficiency of adipose regeneration by physically altering the stiffness of DAT to better repair large-volume soft tissue defects.MethodsIn this study, we formed three different cell-free hydrogel systems by physically cross-linking DAT with different concentrations of methyl cellulose (MC; 0.05, 0.075 and 0.10 g/ml). The stiffness of the cell-free hydrogel system could be regulated by altering the concentration of MC, and all three cell-free hydrogel systems were injectable and moldable. Subsequently, the cell-free hydrogel systems were grafted on the backs of nude mice. Histological, immunofluorescence and gene expression analyses of adipogenesis of the grafts were performed on days 3, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 30.ResultsThe migration of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and vascularization were higher in the 0.10 g/ml group than in the 0.05 and 0.075 g/ml groups on days 7, 14 and 30. Notably, on days 7, 14 and 30, the adipogenesis of ASCs and adipose regeneration were significantly higher in the 0.075 g/ml group than in the 0.05 g/ml group (p &lt; 0.01 or p &lt; 0.001) and 0.10 g/ml group (p &lt; 0.05 or p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionAdjusting the stiffness of DAT via physical cross-linking with MC can effectively promote adipose regeneration, which is of great significance to the development of methods for the effective repair and reconstruction of large-volume soft tissue defects.
Is it safe for patients with metal implants to have iontophoresis treatment?
Authors: Sinclair Alice V S , Garty Florence L R , Smith James R , Shipman Alexa R 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Iontophoresis passes electrical charge through skin to deliver drugs or reduce excessive sweating. Treatments can be performed by patients at home following initial instruction. A limitation of the technique is that patients are not permitted to have metal implants. These are hypothesized to increase the risk of electric shock, cause localized heating and/or corrosion.

Objectives
To investigate whether metallic materials (titanium, stainless steel and copper) placed in the iontophoresis circuit would lead to an unfavourable outcome regarding corrosion or local heating of the metallic object.

Methods
This was carried out using mass loss and temperature change experiments, together with atomic force microscopy for stainless steel, to assess any surface roughness changes. The investigations were carried out under accelerated conditions (70 V compared with standard use 20–30 V).

Results
No changes in mass or clinically significant changes in temperature of any of the metallic objects (or surface roughness for stainless steel) were observed.

Conclusions
This study suggests that patients with these metallic implants can safely undergo iontophoresis treatment. Further work is needed to review the impact on metallic implants with repeated exposure to the iontophoresis system to represent real-world evidence.
Circulation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 A6 Variant in the Eastern Border of the European Union—Dynamics of the Virus Transmissions Between Poland and Ukraine
Authors: Serwin Karol , Chaillon Antoine , Scheibe Kaja , Urbańska Anna , Aksak-Wąs Bogusz , Ząbek Piotr , Siwak Ewa , Cielniak Iwona , Jabłonowska Elżbieta , Wójcik-Cichy Kamila , Jakubowski Paweł , Bociąga-Jasik Monika , Witor Adam , Szetela Bartosz , Parczewski Miłosz 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 A6 variant is dominating in high-prevalence Eastern European countries, with increasing prevalence over the remaining regions of Europe. The recent war in Ukraine may contribute to further introductions of this A6 lineage. Our aim was to model the transmission dynamics of the HIV-1 A6 variant between Poland and Ukraine.MethodsHIV-1 A6 partial pol sequences originating from Poland (n = 1185) and Ukraine (n = 653) were combined with publicly available sequences (n = 7675) from 37 other countries. We used maximum likelihood-based tree estimation followed by a bayesian inference strategy to characterize the putative transmission clades. Asymmetric discrete phylogeographic analysis was used to identify the best-supported virus migration events across administrative regions of Poland and Ukraine.ResultsWe identified 206 clades (n = 1362 sequences) circulating in Poland or Ukraine (63 binational clades, 79 exclusively Polish, and 64 exclusively Ukrainian). Cross-border migrations were almost exclusively unidirectional (from Ukraine to Poland, 99.4%), mainly from Eastern and Southern Ukraine (Donetsk, 49.7%; Odesa, 17.6% regions) to the Central (Masovian, 67.3%; Lodz, 18.2%) and West Pomeranian (10.1%) districts of Poland. The primary sources of viral dispersal were the Eastern regions of Ukraine, long affected by armed conflict, and large population centers in Poland.ConclusionsThe Polish outbreak of the A6 epidemic was fueled by complex viral migration patterns across the country, together with cross-border transmissions from Ukraine. There is an urgent need to include war-displaced people in the national HIV prevention and treatment programs to reduce the further spread of transmission networks.
Open surgical retrieval of a migrated patent foramen ovale closure device from the descending aorta following failed percutaneous retrieval from the aortic arch: a case report with a word of caution
Authors: Berk Thirza A , Kroeze Sven , Suttorp Maarten Jan , Heijmen Robin H 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure is considered safe and has been used widely for over 25 years. A rare but potentially life-threatening complication is device migration, especially to the aorta.Case summaryWe present a 30-year-old male with a PFO occlusion device implanted for cryptogenic stroke, which asymptomatically migrated to the aortic arch. A percutaneous retrieval attempt failed at complete removal but relocated the device to the proximal descending aorta. It was then successfully removed by open surgery. Severe intimal damage necessitated resection and interposition grafting.DiscussionManipulation of migrated intravascular devices can cause intimal damage and subsequent complications, such as local dissections. We advocate caution with percutaneous removal of such large, migrated closure devices to avoid additional intimal damage, especially after endothelialization has occurred. The interventional cardiologist should be aware of the risk of intimal damage as a result, and surgical removal, though invasive, should always be considered.
Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from pulmonary artery in an adult presenting with rapid atrial fibrillation: a case report
Authors: Sørgaard Mathias Holm , Kofoed Klaus Fuglsang , Abdulla Jawdat 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAn anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from pulmonary artery (ARCAPA) is a very rare coronary anomaly.Case summaryA 56-year-old man, presenting haemodynamically unstable due to very rapid atrial fibrillation, was found to have ARCAPA by coronary computed tomography angiography. He had normal left ventricular ejection fraction and without reversible ischaemia on an adenosine stress rubidium positron emission tomography. He was treated solely with betablockers and has been well since.DiscussionNumerous case reports on ARCAPA have previously been published, but no previous reports have found rapid atrial fibrillation to be the primary symptom of presentation. Current evidence level concerning the treatment is low; nevertheless, surgical intervention should always be considered to prevent sudden cardiac death. The patient in this case was offered surgical intervention but declined.
Automatic screening of patients with atrial fibrillation from 24-h Holter recording using deep learning
Authors: Zhang Peng , Lin Fan , Ma Fei , Chen Yuting , Fang Siyi , Zheng Haiyan , Xiang Zuwen , Yang Xiaoyun , Li Qiang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Aims
As the demand for atrial fibrillation (AF) screening increases, clinicians spend a significant amount of time identifying AF signals from massive amounts of data obtained during long-term dynamic electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring. The identification of AF signals is subjective and depends on the experience of clinicians. However, experienced cardiologists are scarce. This study aimed to apply a deep learning-based algorithm to fully automate primary screening of patients with AF using 24-h Holter monitoring.

Methods and results
A deep learning model was developed to automatically detect AF episodes using RR intervals and was trained and evaluated on 23 621 (2297 AF and 21 324 non-AF) 24-h Holter recordings from 23 452 patients. Based on the AF episode detection results, patients with AF were automatically identified using the criterion of at least one AF episode lasting 6 min or longer. Performance was assessed on an independent real-world hospital-scenario test set (19 227 recordings) and a community-scenario test set (1299 recordings). For the two test sets, the model obtained high performance for the identification of patients with AF (sensitivity: 0.995 and 1.000; specificity: 0.985 and 0.997, respectively). Moreover, it obtained good and consistent performance (sensitivity: 1.000; specificity: 0.972) for an external public data set.

Conclusion
Using the criterion of at least one AF episode of 6 min or longer, the deep learning model can fully automatically screen patients for AF with high accuracy from long-term Holter monitoring data. This method may serve as a powerful and cost-effective tool for primary screening for AF.
Association of marital/partner status and patient-reported outcomes following myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhu Cenjing , Tran Phoebe M , Leifheit Erica C , Spatz Erica S , Dreyer Rachel P , Nyhan Kate , Wang Shi-Yi , Lichtman Judith H 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsLittle is known about the relationship between marital/partner status and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) following myocardial infarction (MI). We conducted a systematic review/meta-analysis and explored potential sex differences.Methods and resultsWe searched five databases (Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and PsycINFO) from inception to 27 July 2022. Peer-reviewed studies of MI patients that evaluated marital/partner status as an independent variable and reported its associations with defined PROMs were eligible for inclusion. Results for eligible studies were classified into four pre-specified outcome domains [health-related quality of life (HRQoL), functional status, symptoms, and personal recovery (i.e. self-efficacy, adherence, and purpose/hope)]. Study quality was appraised using Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, and data were synthesized by outcome domains. We conducted subgroup analysis by sex. We included 34 studies (n = 16 712), of which 11 were included in meta-analyses. Being married/partnered was significantly associated with higher HRQoL {six studies [n = 2734]; pooled standardized mean difference, 0.37 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.12–0.63], I2 = 51%} but not depression [three studies (n = 2005); pooled odds ratio, 0.72 (95% CI, 0.32–1.64); I2 = 65%] or self-efficacy [two studies (n = 356); pooled β, 0.03 (95% CI, −0.09 to 0.14); I2 = 0%]. The associations of marital/partner status with functional status, personal recovery outcomes, and symptoms of anxiety and fatigue were mixed. Sex differences were not evident due to mixed results from the available studies.ConclusionsMarried/partnered MI patients had higher HRQoL than unpartnered patients, but the associations with functional, symptom, and personal recovery outcomes and sex differences were less clear. Our findings inform better methodological approaches and standardized reporting to facilitate future research on these relationships.
Left atrial appendage closure device outcomes among cirrhosis patients with atrial fibrillation: a United States National Cohort Study
Authors: Mir Tanveer , Rawasia Wasiq F , Uddin Mohammed , Sheikh Mujeeb , Munir Muhammad Bilal , Balla Sudarshan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsLiterature regarding outcomes associated with atrial fibrillation among cirrhosis patients who had left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) device procedure is limited. We aim to evaluate the in-hospital clinical outcomes and 30-day readmissions among LAAO with and without cirrhosis.Methods and resultsWe performed a retrospective study of all hospitalizations associated with the LAAO procedure, using the Nationwide Readmissions Database for the years 2016–19. Primary outcomes were in-hospital clinical outcomes and 30-day readmissions. A total of 54 897 index hospitalizations for LAAO (female 41.8%) were reported. Of these, 905(1.65%) had cirrhosis. Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding was reported in 44 (4.9%) vs. 1606 (2.97%) and coagulopathy in 21 (2.3%) vs. 521 (0.96%) in cirrhosis and without-cirrhosis groups, respectively. A total of 872 (1.59%) patients needed blood transfusion, 24 (2.7%) vs. 848(1.57%) in cirrhosis vs. without-cirrhosis groups (P = 0.047). Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion was reported among 888 (1.62%), with cirrhosis 26 (3%) vs. without cirrhosis 862 (1.6%) (P = 0.05). On adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis, acute kidney injury, coagulopathy, FFP transfusion, and blood transfusion were strongly associated with cirrhosis, and GI bleeding, ischaemic stroke, and intracranial haemorrhage were not associated with cirrhosis. Readmissions in 30 days were 5028 (9.18%), 167 (18.5%) in the cirrhosis group and 4861 (9%) without-cirrhosis group (P = 0.01). On multivariate Cox regression, CHA2DS2-Vasc score of six was significantly associated with 30-day readmission compared with other scores [hazard ratio 2.24; 95% confidence interval (1.58–3.16); P &lt; 0.001].ConclusionLeft atrial appendage occlusion procedure in patients with cirrhosis had relatively similar GI bleeding and stroke rates, however, had higher rates of 30-day readmission. A higher CHA2DS2-Vasc score was more likely to be associated with 30-day readmissions and hence would help in discharge planning. The long-term safety and efficacy of LAAO in the cirrhosis population need to be demonstrated.
The magnitude of selection on growth varies among years and increases under warming conditions in a subarctic seabird
Authors: Sauve Drew , Charmantier Anne , Hatch Scott A , Friesen Vicki L 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Because of ongoing rapid climate change, many ecosystems are becoming both warmer and more variable, and these changes are likely to alter the magnitude and variability of natural selection acting on wild populations. Critically, changes and fluctuations in selection can impact both population demography and evolutionary change. Therefore, predicting the impacts of climate change depends on understanding the magnitude and variation in selection on traits across different life stages and environments. Long-term experiments in wild settings are a great opportunity to determine the impact of environmental conditions on selection. Here we examined variability in the strength of selection on size traits of nestling black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) in a 25-year study including a food supplementation experiment on Middleton Island in the Gulf of Alaska. Using mixed effect models, we examined the annual variability of stage-specific and resource-specific selection gradients across 25 years. We found that (a) larger and heavier hatchlings were the most likely to survive during early ontogeny, (b) non-food supplemented younger nestlings in a brood experienced the strongest selection, and (c) warmer conditions increased the magnitude of selection on nestling mass and affected non-food supplemented and second-hatched nestlings the most. Our results suggested that variable resource dynamics likely caused some of the changes in selection from year to year and that warming conditions increased the strength of selection on subarctic seabird growth. However, our experimental manipulation revealed that local environmental heterogeneity could buffer the selection expected from broader climatic changes. Consequently, understanding the interactive effects of local conditions and general changes in climate seems likely to improve our ability to predict future selection gradients.
Analysis of a logical regulatory network reveals how Fe-S cluster biogenesis is controlled in the face of stress
Authors: Hammami Firas , Tichit Laurent , Py Béatrice , Barras Frédéric , Mandin Pierre , Remy Elisabeth 
Published: March 2023

Abstract Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are important cofactors conserved in all domains of life, yet their synthesis and stability are compromised in stressful conditions such as iron deprivation or oxidative stress. Two conserved machineries, Isc and Suf, assemble and transfer Fe-S clusters to client proteins. The model bacterium Escherichia coli possesses both Isc and Suf, and in this bacterium utilization of these machineries is under the control of a complex regulatory network. To better understand the dynamics behind Fe-S cluster biogenesis in E. coli, we here built a logical model describing its regulatory network. This model comprises three biological processes: 1) Fe-S cluster biogenesis, containing Isc and Suf, the carriers NfuA and ErpA, and the transcription factor IscR, the main regulator of Fe-S clusters homeostasis; 2) iron homeostasis, containing the free intracellular iron regulated by the iron sensing regulator Fur and the non-coding regulatory RNA RyhB involved in iron sparing; 3) oxidative stress, representing intracellular H2O2 accumulation, which activates OxyR, the regulator of catalases and peroxidases that decompose H2O2 and limit the rate of the Fenton reaction. Analysis of this comprehensive model reveals a modular structure that displays five different types of system behaviors depending on environmental conditions, and provides a better understanding on how oxidative stress and iron homeostasis combine and control Fe-S cluster biogenesis. Using the model, we were able to predict that an iscR mutant would present growth defects in iron starvation due to partial inability to build Fe-S clusters, and we validated this prediction experimentally.Author summaryIron sulfur (Fe-S) clusters appeared early in life, when oxygen tension was low and iron plentiful, and have been used since as cofactors for a wide variety of proteins involved in a plethora of reactions. However, synthesis and stability of Fe-S clusters is compromised in conditions where iron is low or in presence of reactive oxygen species. Living organisms have developed complex regulatory networks to allow biogenesis of Fe-S clusters in function of environmental conditions. Thus, understanding this regulation is of primary importance as changes in Fe-S cluster biogenesis impact the physiology of organisms and is for instance involved in resistance of bacteria to certain antibiotics. We here used a modeling approach to gain a global systemic understanding of the process. We developed a mathematical logical model which extensively describes the regulatory network that controls biogenesis of Fe-S clusters in the model bacterium Escherichia coli. Analysis of the model reveals how Fe-S biogenesis is organized in function of environmental conditions and reveals how oxidative stress and iron homeostasis combine and control Fe-S cluster biogenesis.