bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training and capacity development in patient-oriented research: Ontario SPOR SUPPORT Unit (OSSU) initiatives
Authors: MacArthur Colin , Van Hoorn Rob , Lavis John , Straus Sharon , Jones Nicola , Bayliss Lorraine , Terry Amanda L. , Law Susan , Victor Charles , Prud’homme Denis , Riley John , Stewart Moira 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
In Canada, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research launched the Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (SPOR) in 2011. The strategy defines ‘patient-oriented research’ as a continuum of research that engages patients as partners, focuses on patient priorities, and leads to improved patient outcomes. The overarching term ‘patient’ is inclusive of individuals with personal experience of a health issue as well as informal caregivers including family and friends. The vision for the strategy is improved patient experiences and outcomes through the integration of patient-oriented research findings into practice, policy, and health system improvement. Building capacity in patient-oriented research among all relevant stakeholders, namely patients, practitioners, organizational leaders, policymakers, researchers, and research funders is a core element of the strategy.

Main body
The objective of this paper is to describe capacity building initiatives in patient-oriented research led by the Ontario SPOR SUPPORT Unit in Ontario, Canada over the period 2014–2020.

Conclusion
The Ontario SPOR SUPPORT Unit Working Group in Training and Capacity Development has led numerous capacity building initiatives: developed a Capacity Building Compendium (accessed greater than 45,000 times); hosted Masterclasses that have trained hundreds of stakeholders (patients, practitioners, organizational leaders, policymakers, researchers, and trainees) in the conduct and use of patient-oriented research; funded the development of online curricula on patient-oriented research that have reached thousands of stakeholders; developed a patient engagement resource center that has been accessed by tens of thousands of stakeholders; identified core competencies for research teams and research environments to ensure authentic and meaningful patient partnerships in health research; and shared these resources and learnings with stakeholders across Canada, North America, and internationally.
Effect of repeat refresher courses on neonatal resuscitation skill decay: an experimental comparative study of in-person and video-based simulation training
Authors: McCaw Julia M. , Yelton Sarah E. Gardner , Tackett Sean A. , Rapal Rainier M. L. L. , Gamalinda Arianne N. , Arellano-Reyles Amelia , Tupas Genevieve D. , Derecho Ces , Ababon Fides , Edwardson Jill , Shilkofski Nicole A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNeonatal deaths are a major contributor to global under-5-year-old mortality. Training birth attendants can improve perinatal outcomes, but skills may fade over time. In this pilot study, we assessed skill decay of nursing students after remote video versus in-person resuscitation training in a low-resource setting. Filipino nursing students (n = 49) underwent traditional, in-person simulation-based Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) training in Mindanao, Philippines. Participants were then assigned to receive refresher training at 2-month intervals either in-person or via tele-simulation beginning at 2 months, 4 months, or 6 months after initial training. A knowledge examination and practical examination, also known as objective structured clinical examination B in the HBB curriculum, were administered before retraining to assess knowledge and skill retention at time of scheduled follow-up. Time to initiation of bag-mask ventilation (BMV) in seconds during simulated birth asphyxia was the primary outcome. Skill decay was evident at first follow-up, with average time to BMV increasing from 56.9 (range 15–87) s at initial post-training to 83.8 (range 32–128) s at 2 months and 90.2 (range 51–180) s at 4 months. At second follow-up of the 2-month group, students showed improved pre-training time to BMV (average 70.4; range 46–97 s). No statistical difference was observed between in-person and video-trained students in time to BMV. Because of COVID-19 restrictions, the 6-month follow-up was not completed. We conclude that remote video refresher training is a reasonable alternative to traditional in-person HBB training. Our study also suggests that refreshers may be needed more frequently than every 2 months to mitigate skill decay. Additional studies are necessary to assess the longitudinal impact of tele-simulation on clinical outcomes.
Assessment of trace elements, systemic inflammation, and electrolytes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Emam Rasha M. , Abdelfattah Rasha A. , Abdelghany Elham Abd elhady , Aziz Mohammad O. Abdel , Abdullah Noha M. , Abdelaziz Ali Omar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Systemic inflammation, electrolytes, and trace element derangements are thought to be involved, directly or indirectly, in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD).

Aim
Our aim is to evaluate systemic inflammation and disturbance in serum electrolytes and trace elements in patients with COPD.

Methods
This study was conducted in the Chest Department, Cardiothoracic Minia University Hospital. One hundred COPD patients and 40 healthy controls were included in the study. Sixty patients were in a stable state, while 40 patients were in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-α, copper (Cu), zinc (Z), Na, K, and Mg levels were measured for all participants.

Results
CRP, TNF, Cu, and Z were significantly higher in the stable group than in the control group (p-value 0.0002*, 0.0018*, 0.04*, 0.034*, respectively) with significantly higher levels during exacerbation (8.47 ± 6.3, 24.36 ± 9.53, 201 ± 39.02, 192 ± 32.3). The Cu/Z ratio was significantly lower in the exacerbation group than in the stable group (p-value 0.042*). Serum levels of Na, K, and Mg were significantly lower in the patients group than in the control group (p-value 0.024*, 0.039*,0.044*, respectively), with more reduction observed in the exacerbation group (132 ± 5.45, 3.24 ± 0.52, 1.67 ± 0.38).

Conclusion
CRP, TNF-α, Cu, and Z levels were significantly higher in stable COPD patients, with higher levels during exacerbation. The Cu/Z ratio was lower in the exacerbation group than in the stable group. Na, K, and Mg levels were lower in patients than in the control group with more reduction during exacerbation.
Political representation of medical doctors in Switzerland’s executive and legislative branches in 2023
Authors: Smith Alexander , Buadze Anna , Stute Petra , Liebrenz Michael 
Published: February 2023

Background: Healthcare policy is an important societal concern in Switzerland, often dominating the national agenda. In other countries, studies have explored the influence of physicians in public office on healthcare policies, but little is known about the representation of medical doctors in Switzerland's political structures, despite ongoing health-related debates. Methods: In January 2023, we examined the proportion of registered doctors currently serving in Swiss governmental branches: the executive (the Federal Council) and the legislative (the Council of States and the National Council, together the United Federal Assembly). We used publicly available information to demarcate Federal, State, and National Councillors with professional medical backgrounds. We subsequently verified physician registrations using the Federal Office of Public Health’s “Register of Medical Professionals” (MedReg) Results: Six physicians registered in MedReg were identified across the Federal Council and the United Federal Assembly in 2023, equivalent to 2.37% of the total number of Councillors in these chambers. This corresponds to 14.20% of members in the Federal Council (the executive chamber) and 2.03% of members in the United Federal Assembly (the legislative chamber). Conclusions: Rates of physicians sitting in Switzerland’s Federal Council and United Federal Assembly are higher than general population trends for doctors per person. Nonetheless, physicians in Swiss legislative positions are proportionally lower than comparative data from the United States. We highlight how existing professional frameworks may already ensure medical doctors are sufficiently participating in Swiss healthcare debates outside of formal roles. We also suggest that more international evidence is needed to determine the benefits of physicians serving in public office.
Co-occurrence of depression and chronic diseases
Authors: Fryska Zuzanna , Kuciński Jakub , Kulik Kacper , Matusz Krystian , Burczyk Rafał , Górna Natalie , Mazurek Ewelina , Wołejko Adam 
Published: February 2023

INTRODUCTION
Depression is a common and serious mood disorder mainly manifested by sadness, anhedonia, lack of hope and interest in activities once enjoyed. According to WHO depression is a leading cause of disability and inability to work worldwide. Chronic disease is every condition lasting more than 1 year and requiring medical attention. The aim of this article is to show challenges of depression and chronic diseases coexistence.
DISCUSSION
Depression might be a factor causing difficulties in diagnosing chronic diseases as patients are less likely to cooperate. On the other it might lead to worse compliance and higher risk of chronic diseases’ development. Studies show depression coexisting with chronic illnesses is a valid problem for public health and aggravates the course and effects of treatment of those conditions. Treating an underlying disease is as important as treating depression itself as it might lead to reduction in symptoms of depression. Moreover doctors should choose drugs having regard to depression as well as lingering conditions.
SUMMARY
Depression still seems to be diminished and ignored in patients with chronic illnesses even though it is proved to have a destructive influence on the health of patients. It is of high importance to raise an awareness of doctors on that subject and its scale. There are plenty of treatment methods for depression in case of chronic diseases co-occurence which gives hope for improving a quality of life of patients and achieving better effects of therapy of an underlying disease.
Using peristomal body profile assessment to improve leakage-related quality of life for individuals with an ostomy
Authors: Vendelbo Grethe , Carlsson Eva , Tøndel Lise Toril , Myller Elena , Sternhufvud Catarina , Simonsen Kenneth Starup , Munch Philip , Petersen Birte 
Published: February 2023

Background: Improper fitting between peristomal body profile and ostomy product(s) is one of the main reasons for leakage among individuals with an ostomy. Aim: To evaluate clinical usability of the Body Assessment Tool developed by Coloplast that is available free of charge. The aim was also to study how changing to product(s) that were best suited to an individual, guided by peristomal body profile, affected the number of leakages and individuals' quality of life. Methods: The study consisted of questionnaires administered before and after the study, which spanned 4–5 weeks. A total of 22 nurses and 68 individuals with an ostomy participated in four Nordic countries. Findings: Of the 22 nurses, 21 recommended use of the tool. A shift to best fitting ostomy product(s) resulted in a significant decrease in the number of leakages (from 5.9 to 1.8 per 7 days) and a substantial improvement in quality of life. Conclusion: The findings support the use of the Body Assessment Tool in clinical practice and the results showed that optimally fitting ostomy product(s) reduced the number of leakages and increased individuals' quality of life.
Mathematical Skills of Students With Special Educational Needs in the Area of Learning (SEN-L) in Pre-Vocational Programs in Germany
Authors: Lutz Stephanie , Ebenbeck Nikola , Gebhardt Markus 
Published: February 2023

Context: Students with special educational needs in the area of learning (SEN-L) attend vocational trainings to be provided with qualifications for the labor market. Competences in arithmetic operations and comparing quantities such as weights and lengths are indispensable for obtaining a vocational qualification. Therefore, the study investigates whether students with SEN-L in Germany convert job-relevant quantities and master arithmetic operations accurately and with a certain speed before beginning vocational training. Methods: 152 students with SEN-L in pre-vocational training programs in southern Germany were examined using curriculum-related computer tests for formative assessment. Three skill-based tests were constructed as progress monitoring tests comparing weights and lengths and arithmetic operations including a speed component. Results: All newly developed tests meet the requirements of the Rasch model. Students' performance on the lengths test and the weights test correlates with a significant linear relationship (r = 0.64). Only weak correlations (r > 0.29 < 0.45) are found between the performance in the arithmetic operations and the weights and lengths tests. For items in the weights and lengths tests, participants show on average significantly higher probability of solving than in the arithmetic operations test. Furthermore, students with SEN-L show slow processing speed (median processing speed weights test 6.37 seconds, lengths test 6.26 seconds, arithmetic operations test 33.97 seconds on average per item). The students solve more items of the weights and lengths tests correctly than of the operation test (median for weights 25 items, for lengths 24 items, for arithmetic operations 7 items). Conclusion: The majority of the students with SEN-L were not able to solve the expected number of items correctly and show that the participants' accuracy in dealing with arithmetic operations and quantity comparison is low. It can be assumed that this might lead to difficulties in mastering mathematical items in the context of vocational training. This is the case, in particular, where a certain speed is required (fluency). Math instruction in pre-vocational programs needs a stronger focus on building up and expanding arithmetic operations and quantities and has to be complemented by monitoring the learning process of students with SEN-L.
Directional surface plasmon polariton scattering by single low-index dielectric nanoparticles: simulation and experiment
Authors: Sun Xuqing , Liu Hongyao , Jiang Liwen , Wei Ruxue , Wang Chang , Wang Xue , Sun Xiaojuan , Wang Fei , Lu Xinchao , Evlyukhin Andrey B. , Huang Chengjun 
Published: February 2023

Directionally scattered surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) promote the efficiency of plasmonic devices by limiting the energy within a given spatial domain, which is one of the key issues to plasmonic devices. Benefitting from the magnetic response induced in high-index dielectric nanoparticles, unidirectionally scattered SPPs have been achieved via interference between electric and magnetic resonances excited in the particles. Yet, as the magnetic response in low-index dielectric nanoparticles is too weak, the directionally scattered SPPs are hard to detect. In this work, we demonstrate forward scattered SPPs in single low-index polystyrene (PS) nanospheres. We numerically illustrate the excitation mechanism of plasmonic induced electric and magnetic multipole modes, as well as their contributions to forward SPP scattering of single PS nanospheres. We also simulate the SPP scattering field distribution obtaining a forward-to-backward scattering intensity ratio of 50.26:1 with 1 μm PS particle. Then the forward scattered SPPs are experimentally visualized by Fourier transforming the real-space plasmonic imaging to k-space imaging. The forward scattered SPPs from low-index dielectric nanoparticles pave the way for SPP direction manipulation by all types of nanomaterials.
Pathogenic <i>TSHR</i> variants in children with thyroid dysgenesis
Authors: Shreder E. V. , Vadina T. A. , Solodovnikova E. N. , Zakharova V. V. , Degtyarev M. V. , Konyukhova M. B. , Sergeeva N. V. , Bezlepkina O. B. 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND: Loss-of-function mutations in the TSH receptor gene (TSHR) (NP_000360.2) are the potential causes of thyroid dysgenesis in patients with congenital hypothyroidism. Heterozygous variants of the TSHR gene lead to partial resistance to TSH, homozygous and compound heterozygous variants have been shown to cause CH due to thyroid hypoplasia or TSH resistance. Recently more and more articles in this field have appeared in the international literature sources, while local publications are limited. The studies are necessary to understand the etiology, pathogenesis of the disease, to improve the management of these patients.AIM: To assess the frequency of incidence of pathogenic variants of the TSHR gene in children with CH due to thyroid dysgenesis. To study inheritance and phenotypic patterns of CH in families.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this single-center interventional one-stage non-comparative study a group of CH patients was examined. The patients underwent neck ultrasound and radionuclide imaging. The examination was performed 14 days after hormone replacement therapy suspension or prior to its initiation. The structure of thyroid dysgenesis was estimated, genetic testing for mutations in the TSHR gene was performed using the NGS method.RESULTS: The study included 95 children with primary CH (75 girls; 20 boys). The patients’ median age at the time of examination was 6.2 years [4.5; 8.9], the median level of neonatal TSH was 157.5 mU/l [60.9; 257.2]. Ectopic thyroid was found in 52% of children, aplasia in 36%, hypoplasia and hemiagenesis in 10% and 2%, respectively. In 5.4% of cases (in 5 out of 95 patients), different variants of the TSH gene were detected. Two children had heterozygous p.R450H and p.D487N variants in TSHR gene, two patients was homozygous for the p.S49Afs * 9 variant, one child had compound heterozygous variants (p.A485D and p.R450H). According to ultrasound imaging, all patients had thyroid hypoplasia of varying severity. Three children underwent thyroid scintigraphy, which revealed decreased 99mТc pertechnetate uptake (0.3–0.9%).CONCLUSION: In our study, the incidence of different variants in the TSHR gene in children with CH was 5.3%. Our analysis uncovered two previously undescribed variants. Genetic testing may be able to help with making the diagnosis, patient’s management, and genetic counseling.
Categorically closed countable semigroups
Authors: Banakh Taras , Bardyla Serhii 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we establish a connection between categorical closedness and nontopologizability of semigroups. In particular, for the class𝖳𝟣⁢𝖲{\mathsf{T_{\!1}S}}ofT1{T_{1}}topological semigroups we prove that a countable semigroupXwith finite-to-one shifts is injectively𝖳𝟣⁢𝖲{\mathsf{T_{\!1}S}}-closed if and only ifXis𝖳𝟣⁢𝖲{\mathsf{T_{\!1}S}}-discrete in the sense that everyT1{T_{1}}semigroup topology onXis discrete. Moreover, a countable cancellative semigroupXis absolutely𝖳𝟣⁢𝖲{\mathsf{T_{\!1}S}}-closed if and only if every homomorphic image ofXis𝖳𝟣⁢𝖲{\mathsf{T_{\!1}S}}-discrete. Also, we introduce and investigate a new notion of a polybounded semigroup. It is proved that a countable semigroupXwith finite-to-one shifts is polybounded if and only ifXis𝖳𝟣⁢𝖲{\mathsf{T_{\!1}S}}-closed if and only ifXis𝖳𝗓⁢𝖲{\mathsf{T_{\!z}S}}-closed, where𝖳𝗓⁢𝖲{\mathsf{T_{\!z}S}}is the class of Tychonoff zero-dimensional topological semigroups. We show that polybounded cancellative semigroups are groups, and polyboundedT1{T_{1}}paratopological groups are topological groups.
Comparison between cement and chemically improved sandy soil by column models using low-pressure injection laboratory setup
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed S. , Hussein Samir H. , Ahmed Mahmood D. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The jet grouting method for soil improvement represents an innovative geotechnical alternative for problematic soils when the classic foundations’ designs cannot be appropriate, sustainable solutions for these soils. This study’s methodology was based on producing column models using a low-pressure injection laboratory setup designed and locally manufactured to approximate the field-equipment operation. The setup design was inspired by the works of previous researchers, where its functioning was validated by systematically performing unconfined compression tests (UCTs). Two soil improvement techniques were investigated, one by low-pressure injection of a mixture of water and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with 0.8, 1, and 1.3 W/C ratios. The other type uses silica fume (SF) as a chemical additive with 10% of the cement weight added to the water and cement mix with 1, 1.3, and 1.6 W/C ratios. The study revealed that the UCT results of SF column model samples were higher than those of OPC with an equal W/C ratio. For each binder type, the UCT sample results increase with a decrease in the W/C ratio.
Impact of overweight and obesity on epicardial adipose tissue in children with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Cielonko Luke A. , Sabati Arash A. , Chambers Melissa A. , Newbern Dorothee , Swing Edward , Chakravarthy Varshini , Mullen John , Schmidt Jaclyn , Lutz Natalie , Shaibi Gabriel Q. , Olson Micah 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness, a novel marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD), is increased in children with a healthy weight and type 1 diabetes (T1D). The prevalence of obesity has increased in children with T1D and may confer additional CVD risk. The purpose of this study was to examine EAT thickness in youth with and without T1D in the setting of overweight/obesity.

Methods
Youth with overweight/obesity and T1D (n=38) or without T1D (n=34) between the ages of 6–18 years were included in this study. Echocardiogram using spectral and color flow Doppler was used to measure EAT and cardiac function. Waist circumference, blood pressure, and HbA1c, were used to calculate estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) to estimate insulin resistance in children with T1D.

Results
EAT thickness was not significantly different in youth with T1D compared to controls (2.10 ± 0.67 mm vs. 1.90 ± 0.59 mm, p=0.19). When groups were combined, EAT significantly correlated with age (r=0.449, p≤0.001), BMI (r=0.538, p≤0.001), waist circumference (r=0.552, p≤0.001), systolic BP (r=0.247, p=0.036), myocardial performance index (r=−0.287, p=0.015), ejection fraction (r=−0.442, p≤0.001), and cardiac output index (r=−0.306, p=0.009). In the group with T1D, diastolic BP (r=0.39, p=0.02) and eGDR (r=−0.48, p=0.002) correlated with EAT.

Conclusions
EAT was associated with measures of adiposity and insulin resistance but does not differ by diabetes status among youth with overweight/obesity. These findings suggest that adiposity rather than glycemia is the main driver of EAT thickness among youth with T1D.