bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sport in ischemic heart disease: Focus on primary and secondary prevention
Authors: Romano Silvio , Minardi Simona , Patrizi Giampiero , Palamà Zefferino , Sciahbasi Alessandro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIschemic heart disease (IHD) is one of the leading causes of death and morbidity in the world. The role of primary prevention is particularly relevant since IHD can be for a long time asymptomatic until the occurrence of a condition that could lead to plaque instabilization or increased oxygen demand. Secondary prevention is also essential to improve patients' prognosis and quality of life. The aim of this review is to provide a detailed and updated description of the role of sport and physical activity both in primary prevention and secondary prevention. In primary prevention, sport and physical activity are effective through the control of the main cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension and dyslipidemia. In secondary prevention, sport and physical activity can lead to a reduction in subsequent coronary events. Every effort must be made to encourage the performance of physical and sports activity both in asymptomatic subjects at risk and those with a history of IHD.
Central projections of auditory nerve fibers in the western rat snake (Pantherophis obsoletus)
Authors: Han Dawei , Carr Catherine E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite the absence of tympanic middle ears, snakes can hear. They are thought to primarily detect substrate vibration via connections between the lower jaw and the inner ear. We used the western rat snake (Pantherophis obsoletus) to determine how vibration is processed in the brain. We measured vibration‐evoked potential recordings to reveal sensitivity to low‐frequency vibrations. We then used tract tracing combined with immunohistochemistry and Nissl staining to describe the central projections of the papillar branch of the VIIIth nerve. Applications of biotinylated dextran amine to the basilar papilla (homologous to the organ of Corti of mammals) labeled bouton‐like terminals in two first‐order cochlear nuclei, a rostrolateral nucleus angularis (NA) and a caudomedial nucleus magnocellularis (NM). NA formed a distinct dorsal eminence, consisted of heterogenous cell types, and was parvalbumin positive. NM was smaller and poorly separated from the surrounding vestibular nuclei. NM was distinguished by positive calbindin label and included fusiform and round cells. Thus, the atympanate western rat snake shares similar first‐order projections to tympanate reptiles. Auditory pathways may be used for detecting vibration, not only in snakes but also potentially in atympanate early tetrapods.
Pharmacokinetics of Nifedipine‐Sustained Release Tablets in Healthy Subjects After a Single Oral Administration: Bioequivalence Analysis and Food Effects
Authors: Wu You‐Xuan , Zhong Xue‐Feng , Li Xiao‐Min , Liu Wan‐Li , Zhang Yan‐Xin , Shen Qiu‐Ying , Xu Su‐Mei , Xu Ping‐Sheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe compared newly developed delayed‐release oral tablets (test) of 30‐mg nifedipine (NFP) with its marketed counterpart (30 mg; reference) in healthy adult Chinese volunteers to assess the former's bioequivalence. This was a randomized, open‐label, four‐period, crossover trial study including fasting and fed trials. The participants were randomly administered test or reference formulations (1:1 ratio) throughout each period, with a 7‐day washout period. In the next session, they were administered the alternate products. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and WinNonlin software were used to evaluate the bioequivalence of the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of NFP and the area under the concentration–time curve (AUC). In total, 46 and 48 people participated in the fasting and postprandial trials. In both groups, the 90% confidence intervals of geometric mean ratios of Cmax, AUC from time zero to time t, and AUC from time zero to infinity were in the equivalence range (80%–125%). When NFP was administered concomitantly with a high‐fat meal, time to maximum concentration was approximately twofold earlier, absorption was approximately 4.8% less, and Cmax exhibited a slight change relative to those under fasting conditions. Moreover, no serious adverse events were recorded in the participants. The present findings confirm the bioequivalence of test and reference formulations of NFP tablets under fasting and postprandial conditions.
Bioequivalence of Celecoxib Capsules in Chinese Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Dong Lichun , Zhao Mingxuan , Huang Huiyuan , Guan Runfang , Li Ruixia , Fan Yuxin , Feng Jin , Zhang Juan , Zou Wenhong , Chen Jiong , Long Shuxian , He Jianchang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCelecoxib is a sulfanilamide nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug that can selectively inhibit cyclooxygenase‐2 to inhibit prostaglandin production, achieving anti‐inflammatory and analgesic effects. This study investigated the pharmacokinetics, safety, and bioequivalence of a single oral dose of celecoxib capsule (the test or reference preparation) in healthy volunteers under fasting and fed conditions. A single‐center, randomized, open, single‐dose, double‐cycle crossover self‐control design was conducted: 40 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the fasting and fed groups, respectively. A completely randomized method was used, with one group taking the test celecoxib preparation (T) and the other taking the reference celecoxib preparation (R). During the administration period, the safety of the drug was evaluated simultaneously, and venous blood was collected at the corresponding time points. The concentration of celecoxib in plasma was measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were logarithmically converted and analyzed for variance. The 90% confidence interval for the bioavailability of the T compared to the R was calculated using maximum drug plasma concentration, area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to the last quantifiable concentration point, and area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity for a single oral dose in volunteers, and the data obtained were all between 80% and 125%, indicating that the T and R have bioequivalence and good safety during fasting and fed administration.
Characterization of neuropathology in ovine CLN5 and CLN6 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (Batten disease)
Authors: Mitchell Nadia L. , Russell Katharina N. , Barrell Graham K. , Tammen Imke , Palmer David N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSheep with naturally occurring CLN5 and CLN6 forms of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (Batten disease) share the key clinical features of the human disease and represent an ideal model system in which the clinical efficacy of gene therapies is developed and test. However, it was first important to characterize the neuropathological changes that occur with disease progression in affected sheep. This study compared neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and lysosomal storage accumulation in CLN5 affected Borderdale, CLN6 affected South Hampshire, and Merino sheep brains from birth to end‐stage disease at ≤24 months of age. Despite very different gene products, mutations, and subcellular localizations, the pathogenic cascade was remarkably similar for all three disease models. Glial activation was present at birth in affected sheep and preceded neuronal loss, with both spreading from the visual and parieto‐occipital cortices most prominently associated with clinical symptoms to the entire cortical mantle by end‐stage disease. In contrast, the subcortical regions were less involved, yet lysosomal storage followed a near‐linear increase across the diseased sheep brain with age. Correlation of these neuropathological changes with published clinical data identified three potential therapeutic windows in affected sheep—presymptomatic (3 months), early symptomatic (6 months), and a later symptomatic disease stage (9 months of age)—beyond which the extensive depletion of neurons was likely to diminish any chance of therapeutic benefit. This comprehensive natural history of the neuropathological changes in ovine CLN5 and CLN6 disease will be integral in determining what impact treatment has at each of these disease stages.
One and Two‐Dimensional 1,4‐Xylylenediammonium (pXDA) Lead Halides: Powders and Thin Films
Authors: García‐Espejo Gonzalo , Konidaris Konstantis F. , Anzini Pietro , Brenna Stefano , Guagliardi Antonietta , Masciocchi Norberto 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe discovery of new 3D perovskites and their 2D and 1D analogues continues to attract the interest of the scientific community and therefore the understanding of their structural, optical, and physicochemical properties is of fundamental importance. Here, we report the one‐pot synthesis and the full characterization of 1D and 2D lead halide polycrystalline solids containing the rather rigid 1,4‐xylylenediammonium (pXDA) organic cation as spacer. We isolated 2D Dion‐Jacobson (DJ) perovskites, namely (pXDA)PbX4 (X=Cl, Br) and the mixed halide (pXDA)Pb(Br1–xIx)4 species (all based on 2D monolayers of corner‐sharing lead halide octahedra), and, for iodine, the (pXDA)Pb2I6 . 2H2O phase, which contains 1D
ribbons. The latter species can be reversibly dehydrated by gentle heating, forming the isomorphous (pXDA)Pb2I6. crystal phase. These species, some of which have recently been studied in the frame of broad light emitters and for photovoltaic applications, have been characterized by variable‐temperature X‐ray diffraction methods, shedding light onto their anisotropic thermal responses, of utmost importance for day‐night cycling in functional devices. Spin‐coated thin films were also prepared and studied by means of synchrotron radiation grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction, SEM imaging and fluorescence spectroscopy experiments.
Transcriptome network analysis links perinatal Staphylococcus epidermidis infection to microglia reprogramming in the immature hippocampus
Authors: Gravina Giacomo , Ardalan Maryam , Chumak Tetyana , Rydbeck Halfdan , Wang Xiaoyang , Ek Carl Joakim , Mallard Carina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStaphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) is the most common nosocomial pathogen in preterm infants and associated with increased risk of cognitive delay, however, underlying mechanisms are unknown. We employed morphological, transcriptomic and physiological methods to extensively characterize microglia in the immature hippocampus following S. epidermidis infection. 3D morphological analysis revealed activation of microglia after S. epidermidis. Differential expression combined with network analysis identified NOD‐receptor signaling and trans‐endothelial leukocyte trafficking as major mechanisms in microglia. In support, active caspase‐1 was increased in the hippocampus and using the LysM‐eGFP knock‐in transgenic mouse, we demonstrate infiltration of leukocytes to the brain together with disruption of the blood–brain barrier. Our findings identify activation of microglia inflammasome as a major mechanism underlying neuroinflammation following infection. The results demonstrate that neonatal S. epidermidis infection share analogies with S. aureus and neurological diseases, suggesting a previously unrecognized important role in neurodevelopmental disorders in preterm born children.
The neural signature of reality‐monitoring: A meta‐analysis of functional neuroimaging studies
Authors: Lavallé Layla , Brunelin Jérôme , Jardri Renaud , Haesebaert Frédéric , Mondino Marine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDistinguishing imagination and thoughts from information we perceived from the environment, a process called reality‐monitoring, is important in everyday situations. Although reality monitoring seems to overlap with the concept of self‐monitoring, which allows one to distinguish self‐generated actions or thoughts from those generated by others, the two concepts remain largely separate cognitive domains and their common brain substrates have received little attention. We investigated the brain regions involved in these two cognitive processes and explored the common brain regions they share. To do this, we conducted two separate coordinate‐based meta‐analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies assessing the brain regions involved in reality‐ and self‐monitoring. Few brain regions survived threshold‐free cluster enhancement family‐wise multiple comparison correction (p < .05), likely owing to the small number of studies identified. Using uncorrected statistical thresholds recommended by Signed Differential Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images, the meta‐analysis of reality‐monitoring studies (k = 9 studies including 172 healthy subjects) revealed clusters in the lobule VI of the cerebellum, the right anterior medial prefrontal cortex and anterior thalamic projections. The meta‐analysis of self‐monitoring studies (k = 12 studies including 192 healthy subjects) highlighted the involvement of a set of brain regions including the lobule VI of the left cerebellum and fronto‐temporo‐parietal regions. We showed with a conjunction analysis that the lobule VI of the cerebellum was consistently engaged in both reality‐ and self‐monitoring. The current findings offer new insights into the common brain regions underlying reality‐monitoring and self‐monitoring, and suggest that the neural signature of the self that may occur during self‐production should persist in memories.
Managing the risks of artificial general intelligence: A human factors and ergonomics perspective
Authors: Salmon Paul M. , Baber Chris , Burns Catherine , Carden Tony , Cooke Nancy , Cummings Missy , Hancock Peter , McLean Scott , Read Gemma J. M. , Stanton Neville A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractArtificial General Intelligence (AGI) is the next and forthcoming evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Though there could be significant benefits to society, there are also concerns that AGI could pose an existential threat. The critical role of Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) in the design of safe, ethical, and usable AGI has been emphasized; however, there is little evidence to suggest that HFE is currently influencing development programs. Further, given the broad spectrum of HFE application areas, it is not clear what activities are required to fulfill this role. This article presents the perspectives of 10 researchers working in AI safety on the potential risks associated with AGI, the HFE concepts that require consideration during AGI design, and the activities required for HFE to fulfill its critical role in what could be humanity's final invention. Though a diverse set of perspectives is presented, there is broad agreement that AGI potentially poses an existential threat, and that many HFE concepts should be considered during AGI design and operation. A range of critical activities are proposed, including collaboration with AGI developers, dissemination of HFE work in other relevant disciplines, the embedment of HFE throughout the AGI lifecycle, and the application of systems HFE methods to help identify and manage risks.
Association between medically diagnosed postnatal infection and childhood cancers: A matched case‐control study in Denmark, 1978 to 2016
Authors: Sirirungreung Anupong , Hansen Johnni , Ritz Beate , Heck Julia E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough the association between infection and childhood cancer has been long investigated, there is limited information on rarer cancers. This article aimed to explore the association between postnatal infection and childhood cancers in the Danish population. A matched case‐control study was conducted using Danish nationwide registries from 1978 to 2016. Each childhood cancer case was matched 1:25 with controls by birth date within a week and sex. Postnatal infections were identified from the Danish National Patient Registry, which lists diagnoses seen in hospital, specialist or emergency care services. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (adj.OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Specific types of infections and the number of infection episodes were also considered. The study included 4125 childhood cancer cases and 103 526 matched controls with ages ranging from 0 to 19 years. Medically diagnosed postnatal infections were positively associated with many types of childhood cancer including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (adj.OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.23‐1.63), acute myeloid leukemia (adj.OR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.28‐2.52), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (adj.OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.19‐1.97) and central nervous system tumors (adj.OR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.39‐1.77). A higher number of infection episodes were also associated with an increased risk of these cancers. Specific infections such as viral, enteric and urinary tract infections were also strongly associated with specific types of cancer. In conclusion, children who later develop cancer appear to have adverse reactions to infections necessitating referral to specialized health care services, perhaps indicating dysregulated immune function.
Do cryptocurrencies integrate with the indices of equity, sustainability, clean energy, and crude oil? A wavelet coherency approach
Authors: Annamalaisamy Bhuvaneskumar , Vepur Jayaraman Sivakumar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe paper examines market co‐movement between pairs of financial assets in the time‐frequency domain. Recent finance literature confirms the integration of cryptocurrencies and financial assets, which may bring more investments with the possibility of surplus liquidity in the cryptocurrency segment, leading to financial instability. The novelty of this paper is examining the integration of cryptocurrencies and the indices of equity, sustainability, renewable energy, and crude oil for the daily observations from 2015 to 2021 by using the wavelet coherency method. The empirical results signify no integration in the short‐term scales and grow stronger in the medium‐term scales, especially during the COVID‐19 period, and further exhibit weaker heterogeneous associations in the long‐term scales. However, the sustainability, clean energy indices follow similar dynamics of the equity market and crypto pairs. In contrast, the global crude oil index showcases the minor integration with cryptocurrencies compared with other traditional asset classes. Hence, the cryptocurrency market fails to confirm the safe haven features, especially during the COVID‐19 periods (Medium‐term), which facilitate the domestic and international investors expecting to hedge their price risk in equity markets using cryptocurrencies may have to look for short‐term. The lead–lag heterogeneous effects of the asset‐pairs may pave arbitrage opportunities for investors.
“How to” guide for pharmacist‐led implementation of beta‐lactam therapeutic drug monitoring in the critically ill
Authors: Ausman Sara E. , Moreland‐Head Lindsay N. , Abu Saleh Omar M. , Jannetto Paul J. , Rivera Christina G. , Stevens Ryan W. , Wessel Rebecca J. , Wieruszewski Patrick M. , Barreto Erin F. ,   For the BLOOM Study group
Published: May 2023

AbstractBeta‐lactam therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can improve precision dosing and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients, but has not been implemented widely in the United States. Mayo Clinic recently implemented a beta‐lactam TDM program. This single‐center experience forms the basis of the manuscript which outlines practical considerations involved with beta‐lactam TDM implementation, including the pharmacist's role as a leader. Our implementation effort focused on three primary domains. First, we aimed to ensure a supportive organizational infrastructure. Early leadership engagement by the pharmacist‐led core team facilitated advocacy for the clinical need, allocation of resources, and assay development. Second, core clinical workflows were developed that addressed the preferred patient population for use, desirable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic targets, and the preferred sampling strategy. Clinical tools to guide pharmacists in interpreting the results (e.g., pharmacokinetics calculator) and documenting decisions were developed. Third, stakeholders were offered repeated exposure to evidence and expertise to facilitate understanding and application of the new practice. This act of ‘individual internalization’ seems to be uniquely important to beta‐lactam TDM implementation compared with the implementation of other antimicrobial TDM programs. Educational strategies and supportive materials that were developed were focused on providing substantive and varied information tailored to the stakeholders' role in the process. For pharmacists, this included both clinical and operational considerations. A continuous improvement plan to support management of the process was instituted to address necessary updates and changes that inevitably emerged. In summary, the described approach to implementation of a pharmacist‐led beta‐lactam TDM program could be used as a roadmap to aid other institutions that aim to develop such a program.
Iron overload induced by diphenylamine triggers reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in the spleen of pregnant rats and their fetuses
Authors: Latif Heba M. Abd El , Atallah Marwa N. , Kandil Eman H. , El‐Borm Hend T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDiphenylamine (DPA) is an aniline derivative, used widely as an industrial antioxidant, dye mordant, and agricultural fungicide. DPA was reported as hazardous to mammals both acutely and chronically, however little is known about the toxicity of DPA and its derivatives during pregnancy. This study aimed to evaluate and explain the possible mechanism of toxicity induced by DPA on blood and spleen, as a fundamental hematopoietic target organ, in pregnant rats and their fetuses. Pregnant rats were orally administrated distilled water, corn oil, and/or DPA (400 mg/kg b.wt) from the 5th to 19th day of gestation. DPA‐induced spleen toxicity was mirrored by significant upregulation of programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) protein expression and an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells and a decrease in their proliferating capacity. These results have been confirmed through marked G0/G1 cell‐cycle arrest that was observed by flow cytometric analysis of spleen cells. Moreover, the contents of reactive oxygen species and iron in the spleen tissue were significantly higher than that of the control group. DPA resulted in severe anemia, decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia in addition to significant changes in differential leukocytic count of both mothers and fetuses. Evidently, DPA triggered serious pathological changes in the spleen tissue of both mothers and fetuses and the histochemical examination revealed a significant increase in iron expression. In conclusion, these results implicate the hemato‐ and splenotoxicity of DPA and the possible role of oxidative stress and apoptosis in DPA‐induced toxicity in the spleen of pregnant rats and their fetuses. This in‐turn suggests the urgent need to reduce exposure to DPA as possible as it can.