bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultivation of aerobic granular biomass in continuous flow‐intermittent decant type reactor fed with anaerobic effluent
Authors: Rayaz Mohd , Khatoon Fehmeeda , Khan Abid Ali 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the feasible operating conditions for the formation of aerobic granular biomass (AGB) in a continuous flow‐intermittent decant (CFID) type reactor. During the start‐up phase, that is, the operational period – I, the reactor was fed with sewage, and aerobic granules began to grow after 20 days of reactor start‐up. In period – II, experiments were conducted with 50% sewage and 50% anaerobic effluent (i.e., UASB‐treated effluent) as substrates, and subsequently, upon successful formation of mature granules, anaerobic effluent was added throughout operational periods III and IV. Results inferred that the highest removal of COD, NH4+N, TN, and PO43−P was observed in the study periods III and IV, with removal rates of 75.2 ± 10.97%, 79.24 ± 14.81%, 67.66 ± 7.17%, and 47.12 ± 14.69%, respectively. The particle size analysis shows the size of the granules was significantly increased in period IV of the study compared to previous study phases. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images referred that rod‐shaped bacteria were abundant after period I, while enriched microbial species of coccus, bacillus, and filamentous fungus were observed at the end of the study. These findings suggest that CFID‐type reactor can effectively cultivate AGB and remove organics and nutrients from anaerobic effluent.
Collaborative filtering‐based collapse fragility assessment
Authors: Guan Xingquan , Burton Henry V. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a computationally efficient collapse fragility assessment approach that leverages the collaborative filtering (CF) technique. The proposed method randomly selects and runs a subset of the nonlinear response history analyses (NRHAs) required for the incremental dynamic analysis. The structural performance in the omitted cases is then estimated using CF, which requires significantly less time and effort than the nonlinear structural analysis. The NRHA‐based and CF‐generated building performances are then assembled to determine the empirical probability of collapse at each intensity, which is later fitted with a lognormal distribution to obtain the median collapse capacity and associated dispersion. The proposed approach is applied to three steel moment frames, demonstrating that it can reduce the required NRHAs by 50% while providing a reliable collapse fragility estimate for the selected ground motion sets (FEMA P695 44 far‐field records and a site‐specific record‐set). The results from sensitivity analyses reveal that the proposed method is reasonably robust unless the input parameters are assigned extreme values.
Room‐Temperature Alkyl‐Diphenylpyrene Liquefication by Molecular Desymmetrization
Authors: Lu Fengniu , Shinohara Akira , Kawamura Izuru , Saeki Akinori , Takaya Tomohisa , Iwata Koichi , Nakanishi Takashi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAchieving the lowest phase transition temperature with minimal chemical modification in highly crystalline π‐conjugated molecules is a universal problem in related research fields. This paper reports room‐temperature liquefication of diphenylpyrene isomers by introducing bulky yet flexible branched alkyl chains through molecular desymmetrization. Six isomers with different symmetries depending on the positions of the phenyl groups and alkyl groups were synthesized, and three of the isomers were found to be liquids at 25 °C, a state in which they have remained for more than five years. Although it is generally believed that the lower the symmetry of a molecule, the less likely it is to crystallize, one molecule with a relatively high molecular symmetry unexpectedly did not crystallize, which was evidenced by the kinetic inhomogeneity of this amorphous material (practically stable liquid) assessed by rheological analysis.
Prevalence and clinical impact of anemia in patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rimal Suman , Das Santa K. , Basnet Anita , Rauniyar Tej P. , Pandey Kundan Raj , Kuikel Sandip 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsUnlike classically described polycythemia, anemia is found to be more prevalent in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Anemia increases the cost of hospital stay and causes an increased risk of adverse outcomes including death in COPD patients. This study was done to find the prevalence of anemia in COPD patients, the factors associated, and the outcomes of anemic COPD.MethodsIt was a quantitative, descriptive‐analytical, and cross‐sectional study conducted in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital's medical wards and the Emergency Room from September 2019 to September 2020. A simple random sampling method was used. Clinical information was obtained, and patients were followed up 3 months after discharge to document the number of exacerbations and deaths if present.ResultsThe patients in our study had a mean age of 70.80 ± 11.16 years. Most were female. Most (85.5%) had a history of exposure to firewood smoke. Twenty‐three percent of the patients had anemia and these patients had significantly greater mortality 3 months postdischarge. Middle‐old and old were more likely to have anemia with odds ratio (OR) of 2.55 (confidence interval [CI]: 0.48–13.5) and 13.6 (CI: 1.12–24.2), respectively. Current smokers had less likelihood of having anemia (OR: 0.05, CI: 0.006–0.49). Multivariate analysis showed that age, sex, and smoking status were significant determinants of anemia in COPD. There was no association between anemia and duration of hospital stay. However, mortality was higher at 3 months in COPD patients with anemia (p < 0.001).ConclusionIn COPD patients, anemia is prevalent comorbidity that is significantly linked to higher mortality but not to exacerbations. It is unknown, though, if treating anemia in COPD patients will affect the patient's outcome. Additional research in this area may be possible.
Numerical modeling of two‐phase flows in the presence of dynamic and thermal interactions
Authors: Tulegenov Kubaidolla K. , Kamalova Gaukhar A. , Bekenova Anargul S. , Diyarova Lunara B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe study of turbulent flow in mixtures consisting of gas and particulate matter is a current area of research among modern scientists. The main objective of this area is to prevent the reduction of burnout in flow‐through systems. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop a mathematical model of turbulent gas flow with solids to explore the structure of the combustion region in a channel with a partially open boundary to determine the interfacial interaction of the injection of a flat heterogeneous flow in a confined area and the influence of regime parameters on the ignition process. For this purpose, a modeling method was used, which involved using the fundamental laws of continuity of flow, conservation of energy, and the quantity of motion and matter, and an experiment was conducted to reconcile the proposed model with theoretical data. As a result of this work, a model based on the averaged Reynolds Navier–Stokes equations and an algorithm for solving a turbulent subsonic two‐dimensional flow in a heterogeneous medium based on an Euler–Lagrange representation have been developed. Thus, the effects of the parameters of entrainment, temperature, and component concentration on the combustion range and mixing intensity were determined. The proposed methodology can be applied to solve application problems of various kinds, for example, in the design of thermal power plants. The scope of the mathematical and numerical models developed is sufficiently broad that they are universal.
Introduction to special section doing the “right” thing: Ethical issues in infant and early childhood mental health
Authors: Zeanah Paula D. , Korfmacher Jon , Lim Izaak , Steier Alison , Zeanah Charles H. 
Published: June 2023

ResumenIntroducción a la Sección Especial: Hacer lo ‘correcto:’ Asuntos éticos en la salud mental infantil y en la temprana niñezética, salud mental infantil y en la temprana niñez, código de ética
Effectiveness of photodynamic therapy adjunct to oral debridement in improving clinical, microbiological, and pain in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
Authors: Al‐Kheraif Abdulaziz A. , Javed Ravish , Al‐Momani Mohammed Mahmoud , Wasi Aisha , Khan Aftab Ahmed 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as adjunctive to oral debridement (OD) in the improvement of clinical, microbiological, and pain in patients with necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG). Patients with NUG were split into two groups: Group‐OD + PDT received PDT with OD, while Group‐OD underwent OD alone. Clinical inflammatory parameters including full mouth plaque scores (FMPS), full mouth bleeding scores (FMBS), and probing depth (PD) were assessed. Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction technique. Pain examination was done using various pain scales. Group PDT + OD showed more reduction in FMPS, FMBS, and greater reduction in F. nucleatum and P. intermedia count compared to group OD at 12 weeks follow up (p < 0.01). Group PDT + OD showed significantly lower pain scores at 12 weeks (p < 0.05). PDT was more effective in improving clinical parameters, and reducing bacterial counts and pain in NUG patients than dental scaling alone.
Matrine suppresses liver cancer progression and the Warburg effect by regulating the circROBO1/miR‐130a‐5p/ROBO1 axis
Authors: Huang Zhengchun , Li Hongwei , Li Qihua , Chen Xuehong , Liu Ruizhen , Chang Xinfeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMatrine, an effective component extracted from the traditional Chinese herb, Sophora flavescens, has been indicated to exert antitumor activity in different types of cancer. However, the role and precise mechanism of matrine in the progression of liver cancer remains largely unclear. Cell viability, cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, and Warburg effect were estimated by cell counting kit‐8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry assay, and glucose uptake and lactate production assay, respectively. The candidate Circular RNAs (circRNAs) were screened by integrating the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE155949) analysis with the online program GEO2R. A quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was employed to test the expression of circRNA circROBO1, microRNA miR‐130a‐5p, and roundabout homolog 1 (ROBO1). The interaction of circROBO1/miR‐130a‐5p/ROBO1 axis was predicted and confirmed by bioinformatics analysis, a dual‐luciferase reporter assay, and an RNA pull‐down assay. A xenograft mouse model was employed to reveal the role of matrine in vivo. Matrine repressed liver cancer cell viability, proliferation, and Warburg effect, but increased cell apoptosis in vitro. CircROBO1 and ROBO1 were upregulated, but miR‐130a‐5p was downregulated in liver cancer tissues. Additionally, matrine could reduce the expression of circROBO1 and ROBO1, and increase the expression of miR‐130a‐5p. Mechanically, overexpression of circROBO1 partly recovered the effect of matrine on liver cancer cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and Warburg effect by regulating the miR‐130a‐5p/ROBO1 axis. Matrine impeded liver cancer development by mediating the circROBO1/miR‐130a‐5p/ROBO1 axis, which provided a theoretical basis for the application of matrine as an effective anticancer drug for liver cancer.
Bacteriophages: The promising therapeutic approach for enhancing ciprofloxacin efficacy against bacterial infection
Authors: Shariati Aref , Noei Milad , Chegini Zahra 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe emergence of ciprofloxacin‐resistant bacteria is a serious challenge worldwide, bringing the need to find new approaches to manage this bacterium. Bacteriophages (phages) have been shown inhibitory effects against ciprofloxacin‐resistance bacteria; thus, ciprofloxacin resistance or tolerance may not affect the phage's infection ability. Additionally, researchers used phage‐ciprofloxacin combination therapy for the inhibition of multidrug‐resistant bacteria.ResultsThe sublethal concentrations of ciprofloxacin could lead to an increase in progeny production. Antibiotic treatments could enhance the release of progeny phages by shortening the lytic cycle and latent period. Thus, sublethal concentrations of antibiotics combined with phages can be used for the management of bacterial infections with high antibiotic resistance. In addition, combination therapy exerts various selection pressures that can mutually decrease phage and antibiotic resistance. Moreover, phage ciprofloxacin could significantly reduce bacterial counts in the biofilm community. Immediate usage of phages after the attachment of bacteria to the surface of the flow cells, before the development of micro‐colonies, could lead to the best effect of phage therapy against bacterial biofilm. Noteworthy, phage should be used before antibiotics usage because this condition may have allowed phage replication to occur first before ciprofloxacin interrupted the bacterial DNA replication process, thereby interfering with the activity of the phages. Furthermore, the phage‐ciprofloxacin combination showed a promising result for the management of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in mouse models. Nevertheless, low data are existing about the interaction between phages and ciprofloxacin in combination therapies, especially regarding the emergence of phage‐resistant mutants. Additionally, there is a challenging and important question of how the combined ciprofloxacin with phages can increase antibacterial functions. Therefore, more examinations are required to support the clinical usage of phage‐ciprofloxacin combination therapy.
Use of Real‐World Evidence in a Virtual Bridging Analysis for a Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Targeted Antibody–Drug Conjugate in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Lu Zheng , Wada Russ , Salas Maribel , Singh Jasmeet , Kawaguchi Yoshinori , Belli Andrew J. , Abutarif Malaz , Garimella Tushar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study bridged pharmacokinetic, efficacy, and safety clinical trial data from Japan to a Western population using real‐world evidence (RWE) to investigate the antibody–drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan (T‐DXd) in the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive advanced gastric cancer. Using population pharmacokinetic and exposure–response (efficacy/safety) models, exposure–efficacy data from 117 patients and exposure–safety data from 158 patients in Japan who received T‐DXd 6.4 mg/kg as second‐line or later treatment were bridged to RWE including covariate information from 25 Western patients with HER2‐positive gastric cancer who received second‐line or later T‐DXd treatment. Pharmacokinetic simulations indicated that intact T‐DXd and released drug (DXd) steady‐state exposures were comparable between Western patients and patients from Japan; the Western/Japan ratio of exposure medians ranged from 0.82 (T‐DXd steady‐state minimum concentration) to 1.18 (DXd steady‐state maximum concentration). Exposure–efficacy simulations estimated a confirmed objective response rate of 28.6% (90% confidence interval, 20.8‐38.4) in real‐world Western patients versus 40.1% (90% confidence interval, 33.5‐47.0) in patients from Japan, possibly because of checkpoint inhibitor use in 4% versus 30% of patients, respectively. Western patients had a higher estimated rate of serious adverse events than patients from Japan (42.2% vs 34.6%); however, the rate of interstitial lung disease was lower (less than 10%) in Western patients. Overall, T‐DXd was predicted to have meaningful clinical activity and a manageable safety profile in Western patients with HER2‐positive gastric cancer. Using RWE, bridging analysis supported US approval of T‐DXd 6.4 mg/kg in advanced gastric cancer before a clinical trial was completed in Western patients.
Drug–Drug Interaction Potential of Mavacamten with Oral Contraceptives: Results from a Clinical Pharmacokinetic Study and a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model
Authors: Chiang Manting , Sychterz Caroline , Gaohua Lu , Perera Vidya , Gretler Daniel D. , Florea Victoria , Merali Samira 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMavacamten is a potential inducer of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and, as such, could reduce the exposure of the active components of oral contraceptives, ethinyl estradiol (EE) and norethindrone (NOR), where CYP3A4 is involved in metabolism. This study assessed if repeat doses of mavacamten led to a drug–drug interaction with EE and/or NOR. This was an open‐label study in healthy women. In Period 1, participants received 35 mcg of EE and 1 mg of NOR. In Period 2, participants received oral loading doses of mavacamten 25 mg on Days 1–2, 15 mg/day on Days 3‒17, and 35 mcg of EE and 1 mg of NOR on Day 15. Plasma concentrations of mavacamten, EE, and NOR were obtained before dosing and up to 72 hours after dosing. For EE only, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was used to simulate mavacamten‐mediated CYP3A4 induction with EE for various CYP2C19 phenotypes. In total, 13 women were enrolled (mean age, 38.9 [standard deviation, 9.65] years). After mavacamten administration, modest increases in area under the concentration–time curves were observed for both EE and NOR. The maximum concentrations and half‐lives for EE and NOR were not affected by coadministration with mavacamten. Criteria for bioequivalence were met or nearly met for EE and NOR exposure with geometric mean ratios between 0.8 and 1.25. All adverse events were mild. The physiologically based pharmacokinetic model predicted a less than 15% decrease in EE exposure across CYP2C19 phenotypes. Coadministration of mavacamten at a therapeutically relevant dose with EE and NOR did not decrease the exposure to either EE or NOR to a level that may lead to reduced effectiveness.
Study on enteral nutrient components causing decreased gastric phenytoin absorption
Authors: Urashima Yoko , Ueno Tatsuya , Takeda Chiyuki , Kusaba Hiroshi , Tanaka Rina , Noda Karin , Kawakami Kanako , Murakami Takuo , Kawaguchi Aoi , Suemitsu Yuka , Urashima Kazuya , Suzuki Kaoru , Kurachi Kazumi , Nishihara Masami , Neo Masashi , Myotoku Michiaki , Kobori Takuro , Obata Tokio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPreviously, we revealed that coadministration of particular enteral nutrients (ENs) decreases plasma concentrations and gastric absorption of phenytoin (PHT), an antiepileptic drug, in rats; however, the mechanism has not been clarified.MethodsWe measured the permeability rate of PHT using a Caco‐2 cell monolayer as a human intestinal absorption model with casein, soy protein, simulated gastrointestinal digested casein protein (G‐casein or P‐casein) or simulated gastrointestinal digested soy protein (G‐soy or P‐soy), dextrin, sucrose, degraded guar gum, indigestible dextrin, calcium, and magnesium, which are abundant in the ENs, and measured the solution's properties.ResultsWe demonstrated that casein (40 mg/ml), G‐soy or P‐soy (10 mg/ml), and dextrin (100 mg/ml) significantly decreased the permeability rate of PHT compared with the control. By contrast, G‐casein or P‐casein significantly increased the permeability rate of PHT. We also found that the PHT binding rate to casein 40 mg/ml was 90%. Furthermore, casein 40 mg/ml and dextrin 100 mg/ml have high viscosity. Moreover, G‐casein and P‐casein significantly decreased the transepithelial electrical resistance of Caco‐2 cell monolayers compared with casein and the control.ConclusionCasein, digested soy protein, and dextrin decreased the gastric absorption of PHT. However, digested casein decreased PHT absorption by reducing the strength of tight junctions. The composition of ENs may affect the absorption of PHT differently, and these findings would aid in the selection of ENs for orally administered PHT.
Three‐Month Complication Rate of Ultrasound‐Guided Soft Tissue Surgical Procedures Across Six Sports Medicine Clinics
Authors: Hall Mederic M. , Kliethermes Stephanie A. , Henning P. Troy , Hoffman Douglas F. , Mautner Kenneth , Obunadike Ezi , Onishi Kentaro , Pourcho Adam M. , Sellon Jacob L. , Chimenti Ruth 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesTo 1) determine the types and frequency of complications within 3 months following ultrasound‐guided surgical procedures, and 2) identify any patient demographics, co‐morbidities, or procedural characteristics that were associated with an increased risk of complications.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed at six Sports Medicine clinics across the United States. The Clavien‐Dindo classification was used to categorize procedural complications on a 5‐point scale from 1, representing any deviation in post‐procedure care without requiring pharmacological or invasive treatment to 5, representing death. Generalized Estimating Equations for binomial outcomes with a logit link were used to estimate the overall and procedure‐specific 3‐month complication rates.ResultsAmong 1902 patients, 8.1% (n = 154) had diabetes and 6.3% (n = 119) were current smokers. The analysis included 2,369 procedures, which were performed in either the upper extremity (44.1%, n = 1045) or lower extremity (55.2%, n = 1308) regions. The most common procedure was ultrasound‐guided tenotomy (69.9%, n = 1655). Additional procedures included, trigger finger release (13.1%, n = 310), tendon scraping (8.0%, n = 189), carpal tunnel release (5.4%, n = 128), soft tissue release (2.1%, n = 50), and compartment fasciotomy (1.6%, n = 37). Overall, there was a complication rate of 1.2% (n = 29 complications; 95% CI: 0.8–1.7%). Individual procedures had complication rates that ranged from 0 to 2.7%. There were 13 Grade I complications in 13 patients, 12 Grade II complications in 10 patients, 4 Grade III complications in 4 patients, and 0 Grade IV or V complications. No associations between complication risk and any patient demographics (age, sex, BMI), co‐morbidities (diabetes, smoker), or procedure characteristics (type, region) were identified.ConclusionThis retrospective review provides an evidence‐based estimate supporting the low level of risk associated with ultrasound‐guided surgical procedures for patients from a variety of geographical settings who are seeking care at private and academic‐affiliated clinics.
Synthesis and Study of Copolymers Bearing Two Coumarin Side Groups in Monomer Unit: Toward Photoalignment of Liquid Crystals
Authors: Chen Xinshi , Han Li , Hou Junbo , Zhao Yue 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPhotodimerization of coumarin derivatives in photoactive polymers under linearly polarized UV (LPUV) light irradiation is a photochemical reaction often used to prepare the surface alignment layer that can orient liquid crystals (LCs) due to the anisotropic interfacial interactions. Herein, the synthesis of a series of novel coumarin‐containing copolymers and their use for the photoalignment surface layer of LCs is reported. These copolymers have the particular feature of bearing two coumarin side groups in each monomer unit, which is designed to have a high content of the chromophores. The alignment of LCs induced by the photoalignment layers of the coumarin‐containing copolymers is investigated. It is found that the photoalignment layers can effectively induce orientation of LC molecules along the direction of the UV light polarization used to prepare the surface layers, with an order parameter of around 0.5 achieved by adjusting the preparation conditions. Moreover, the electro‐optical behaviors of LC cells made with the photoalignment layers are investigated, confirming the alignment of LCs without the use of rubbed surfaces. Optically inscribing the photoalignment layer for nonuniform and organized LC alignment is also demonstrated.