bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INSIDE-OUT: Introduction of Speakers at IDWeek Events—Observing for Unconscious Bias Over Time
Authors: Marcelin Jasmine R , Khazanchi Rohan , Lyden Elizabeth , Cawcutt Kelly A , Abdul-Mutakabbir Jacinda C , Ha David R , Florez Narjust , Kullar Ravina , Ristagno Elizabeth H ,   the INSIDE-OUT Study Group (Introduction of Speakers at IDWeek Events—Observing for Unconscious Bias Over Time), Rajapakse Nipunie , Patel Megha , Miller Amy M , Oeltjen Erin N , Semaj Sophie , Sramek Kyle T , Lindeman Christopher J , Daubach Eric C , Akinmoladun Oladapo O , Wurtz Paul J , Yang Yuhong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Specialty societies, including the Infectious Diseases Society of America, strive to address gender and racial inequities in professional advancement. Microaggressions remain a persistent and pervasive barrier to these goals. Nonprofessional speaker introductions are a manifestation of race- and gender-based microaggressions, which have not been previously assessed at IDWeek. We assessed disparities in speaker introductions at IDWeek over a 7-year period that included formal gender equity initiatives introduced in 2016.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective observational study of video-recorded IDWeek speaker introductions from 2013 to 2019. Trained coders reviewed presentation video archives to assess a primary outcome of nonprofessional introductions: when a speaker's professional title was not used as the first introduction. We used descriptive statistics, Fisher exact tests, Cochrane-Armitage trend tests, and multivariable logistic regression to characterize relationships between speaker introductions and presentation year, speaker demographics, and speaker-moderator demographic concordance.

Results
Of 1940 videos reviewed, 48.9% of IDWeek speakers received nonprofessional introductions during and before 2016 vs 41.5% of speakers after 2016 (P = .0013). There was an increasing linear trend in the frequency of professional introductions by speaker age group from 47.1% for age &lt;40 years to 65.3% for age &gt;60 years (P &lt; .0001). White moderators more frequently used nonprofessional introductions than moderators from backgrounds underrepresented in medicine (47.7% vs 29.1%, P = .0014). Women-men speaker-moderator pairs had more nonprofessional introductions (54.6%, P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
In the largest assessment of microaggressions in speaker introductions at a national medical specialty conference, we highlighted some progress over time and ample opportunity to further standardize equitable speaker introductions, especially for women and junior speakers
Discovering genetic modulators of the protein homeostasis system through multilevel analysis
Authors: Sarsani Vishal , Aldikacti Berent , Zhao Tingting , He Shai , Chien Peter , Flaherty Patrick 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Every protein progresses through a natural lifecycle from birth to maturation to death; this process is coordinated by the protein homeostasis system. Environmental or physiological conditions trigger pathways that maintain the homeostasis of the proteome. An open question is how these pathways are modulated to respond to the many stresses that an organism encounters during its lifetime. To address this question, we tested how the fitness landscape changes in response to environmental and genetic perturbations using directed and massively parallel transposon mutagenesis in Caulobacter crescentus. We developed a general computational pipeline for the analysis of gene-by-environment interactions in transposon mutagenesis experiments. This pipeline uses a combination of general linear models, statistical knockoffs, and a nonparametric Bayesian statistical model to identify essential genetic network components that are shared across environmental perturbations. This analysis allows us to quantify the similarity of proteotoxic environmental perturbations from the perspective of the fitness landscape. We find that essential genes vary more by genetic background than by environmental conditions, with limited overlap among mutant strains targeting different facets of the protein homeostasis system. We also identified 146 unique fitness determinants across different strains, with 19 genes common to at least two strains, showing varying resilience to proteotoxic stresses. Experiments exposing cells to a combination of genetic perturbations and dual environmental stressors show that perturbations that are quantitatively dissimilar from the perspective of the fitness landscape are likely to have a synergistic effect on the growth defect.
OP01 MRI is of utility in the evaluation of disease activity in axial Spondyloarthritis- data from a tertiary rheumatology centre
Authors: Weddell Jake , Shah Rahul , Rossi Lara , Robinson Phil , Barr Andrew , Vandevelde Claire , Freeston Jane E , McGonagle Dennis , Marzo-Ortega Helena 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Assessing disease activity in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is challenging, with heavy reliance on patient reported outcome measures. These measures are subjective and can be influenced by non-inflammatory causes of symptoms, potentially resulting in inappropriate changes to therapy. Despite its unanimous use in the diagnosis of axSpA, the most recent EULAR/ASAS guidelines do not support the use of MRI to assess disease activity due to the lack of evidence and cost implications. However, it is often a pragmatic approach taken in clinical practice.

Aims
To assess current usage of MRI to assess disease activity in axSpA at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust (LTHT), particularly in patients experiencing treatment non-response and how findings influence treatment decision making at the bedside.

Methods
As part of a larger service evaluations, MRIs of the whole spine and SIJ requested at LTHT between May 2020 and December 2023 to assess disease activity in patients with previously diagnosed axSpA nr-axSpA, r-axSpA or axial psoriatic spondyloarthritis [axPsA]) were identified. Clinical data was extracted from electronic health records and clinic letters.

Results
In total 237 MRI scans were performed on 231 patients. The average age was 47, 131 (55.3%) were male and 145 (60.3%) were HLA-B27 positive. 109 had a diagnosis of radiographic axSpA, 95 non-radiographic and 27 axial PsA. 167 were on a b/ts-dmard at time of MRI. Overall, 116 (48.9%) had inflammation in spine or SIJ and 137 (57.8%) had non-axSpA related pathology on MRI. Patients with active inflammation were more likely to have their treatment switched or escalated than those without (48% vs 18%). 12 patients were referred to spinal surgical services, 6 to the pain team and 1 to oncology services, based on the results of the MRI scan.

Conclusions
Findings on MRI to assess disease activity influences treatment decisions in a large proportion of patients. Further research into the utility and health economics of MRI to assess disease activity in routine clinical practice, particularly in those experiencing treatment non-response is urgently required.
Unveiling intimacy: sexual dysfunction and marital satisfaction among Pakistani males in Karachi
Authors: Yousefzai Hayat Ali , Ismail Siti Irma Fadhilah , Hussain Sana , Alimuddin Aishah Siddiqah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
In Asian countries, discussing sex-related issues remains a taboo. Sexual dysfunction is not even considered a serious disorder in Pakistan.

Aim
To explore sexual dysfunction and marital satisfaction within the Pakistani context to develop supportive intervention programs,

Methods
This study entailed a mixed method approach and was carried out in Karachi, Pakistan. The sample comprised 28 married men, and data were gathered by in-depth interviews. Subsequently, data were analyzed through content analysis.

Outcomes
There is a strong relationship between marital dissatisfaction and sexual dysfunction in adult married males aged 25 to 40 years in Pakistan.

Results
The analysis of participants’ perspectives revealed 5 themes: psychosocial issues, rationale of openness in marital life, insufficient sexual knowledge, lack of sexual health service, and individual consequences.

Clinical Implications
The results of this study suggest that it is an important suggestion to the government of Pakistan to introduce sexual health counseling and premarital counseling programs at the university level. The Ministry of Health and Higher Education needs to promote awareness about sexual health, sexual dysfunctions, and marital satisfaction, which will enable men to understand their sexual problems and effectively cope with them.

Strengths and Limitations
The results of this study highlight the biopsychosocial dimensions of human sexuality. In this context, the psychosocial aspects associated with sexual dysfunctions are influenced by cultural and societal norms, where open discussions about sexual issues between male and female partners may be limited due to concerns about maintaining harmony in marital relationships. The limitation of this study is that the sample is not generalized; it is also not a demographic representation of all socioeconomic groups in Pakistan. Participants in low and middle classes reported an inability to seek help from professionals due to the high costs of treatments. Therefore, the results cannot to be extended to all Pakistani males.

Conclusion
In this study, male sexual dysfunction strongly affects marital satisfaction within the couple. As such, marital counseling and psychotherapeutic strategies play an important role to help individuals and couples manage their sexual dysfunctions and enhance their marital satisfaction.
A perspective review on factors that influence mutagenicity in medicinal plants and their health implications
Authors: Fasiku Victoria , Kyagaba Doreen , Hlalele Atlehang , Adegoke Ayodeji , Erukainure Ochuko L , Sekhoacha Mamello 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Medicinal plants are products from natural sources that have found relevance in medicine for several decades. They are rich in bioactive compounds; thus, they are widely used to treat different ailments globally. Medicinal plants have provided hope for the healthcare industry as most are used to synthesize modern medicines currently used in the treatment of various diseases. However, there are still concerns with respect to the mutagenic properties of medicinal plants. Over the years, researchers have embarked on various studies aimed at investigating the mutagenicity of several medicinal plants found in different regions of the world. In this review, we discussed factors that may influence plant mutagenicity and the findings of in vitro and in vivo mutagenicity studies of several medicinal plants from across the globe. In addition, this review considers the potential health implications of mutagenic medicinal plants and safety measures that can be used to mitigate mutagenesis in medicinal plants. To achieve this, we searched for articles reporting on medicinal plants and mutagenesis on the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Several journal articles reported on the mutagenicity of some medicinal plants; however, it was observed that the majority of the articles reported the nonmutagenicity of medicinal plants. The findings from these studies imply that medicinal plants have good prospects in treating diseases and that they are clinically relevant. However, these reports will require further validation to determine their safety for human use as limited in vivo studies were conducted and there are no clinical safety reports for any of the plants discussed in this review.
Risk factors for noninvasive ventilation failure in preterm infants at less than 30 weeks of gestation with respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Yazici Aybuke , Buyuktiryaki Mehmet , Sari Fatma Nur , Alyamac Dizdar Evrim 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study aimed to identify risk factors for noninvasive ventilation (NIV) failure in &lt;30 weeks’ gestation preterm neonates and compare morbidity in patients with and without NIV failure. This study included preterm neonates &lt;30 weeks’ gestation who received NIV support for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between infants with and without NIV failure within the first 72 hours after birth. Of 443 preterm neonates, NIV failure occurred in 101 (22.8%). Of these, initial respiratory support was nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) in 76 infants (75.2%) and nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) or bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) in 25 infants (24.8%). Gestational age, birth weight, and antenatal steroid exposure were significantly lower in patients with NIV failure. Grade III-IV intraventricular hemorrhage, moderate/severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and retinopathy of prematurity requiring laser photocoagulation were significantly more common in the NIV failure group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that antenatal steroid therapy reduced NIV failure [odds ratio (OR): 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29–0.94; P = .03], while nCPAP (OR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.53–4.48; P &lt; .001), surfactant requirement (OR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.36–4.25; P = .003), and ≥2 doses of surfactant need (OR: 3.57, 95% CI: 1.89–6.74; P &lt; .001) were associated with greater NIV failure. The results of this study indicated that administering antenatal steroids and using NIPPV or BiPAP instead of nCPAP as initial respiratory support reduced the likelihood of NIV failure in preterm infants with RDS.
Preliminary Development and Validation of Automated Nociception Recognition Using Computer Vision in Perioperative Patients
Authors: Heintz Timothy A , Badathala Anusha , Wooten Avery , Cu Cassandra W , Wallace Alfred , Pham Benjamin , Wallace Arthur W , Cobert Julien 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Effective pain recognition and treatment in perioperative environments reduce length of stay and decrease risk of delirium and chronic pain. We sought to develop and validate preliminary computer vision-based approaches for nociception detection in hospitalized patients.

Methods:
Prospective observational cohort study using red-green-blue camera detection of perioperative patients. Adults (≥18 years) admitted for surgical procedures to the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center (SFVAMC) were included across 2 study phases: (1) algorithm development phase and (2) internal validation phase. Continuous recordings occurred perioperatively across any postoperative setting. We inputted facial images into convolutional neural networks using a pretrained backbone, to detect (1) critical care pain observation tool (CPOT) and (2) numerical rating scale (NRS). Outcomes were binary pain/no-pain. We performed external validation for CPOT and NRS classification on data from University of Northern British Columbia-McMaster University (UNBC) and Delaware Pain Database. Perturbation models were used for explainability.

Results:
We included 130 patients for development, 77 patients for validation cohort and 25 patients from UNBC and 229 patients from Delaware datasets for external validation. Model area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic for CPOT models were 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70, 0.74) on the development cohort, 0.91 (95% CI 0.90, 0.92) on the SFVAMC validation cohort, 0.91 (0.89, 0.93) on UNBC and 0.80 (95% CI 0.75, 0.85) on Delaware. NRS model had lower performance (AUC 0.58 [95% CI 0.55, 0.61]). Brier scores improved following calibration across multiple different techniques. Perturbation models for CPOT models revealed eyebrows, nose, lips, and foreheads were most important for model prediction.

Conclusions:
Automated nociception detection using computer vision alone is feasible but requires additional testing and validation given small datasets used. Future multicenter observational studies are required to better understand the potential for automated continuous assessments for nociception detection in hospitalized patients.
Role of Topical 5-Fluorouracil in Demodex-Associated Blepharitis
Authors: Amer Mona M. , Ho Joanne W. , Theotoka Despoina , Wall Sarah , Galor Anat , Cheng Anny , Miller Darlene , Karp Carol L. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to report clinical observations suggesting the efficacy of topical 1% 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in treating Demodex-associated blepharitis.

Methods:
An observational retrospective review of 13 eyes from 13 individuals with conjunctival neoplastic lesions and concomitant Demodex lash infestation that received topical 1% 5-FU eye drops. Patients underwent slit-lamp examination at each follow-up visit. Clinical photographs of the lash line were obtained after treatment initiation. In a subset of patients, lashes were epilated bilaterally and microscopically analyzed for presence of Demodex mites before and after treatment initiation.

Results:
The mean age of the population was 68 ± 14 years (range: 30–84 years) and 92% were male. In all 13 patients, a marked reduction in cylindrical dandruff was noted in the treated eye by slit-lamp examination after 2 cycles of 5-FU. There was complete resolution of cylindrical dandruff in 10 of 13 treated eyes compared with 0 resolution of cylindrical dandruff in untreated eyes (P = 0.0001). In the 6 patients who received epilation, the lashes from the treated eye showed no Demodex, whereas lashes from the fellow untreated eye revealed persistent Demodex.

Conclusions:
Topical 1% 5-FU shows efficacy in treating Demodex-associated blepharitis. Further studies are indicated to reproduce our findings and evaluate the potential use of 5-FU as a treatment ingredient.
Pediatric Borderline Ovarian Tumors: A Retrospective Study of 15 Cases at a Single Institution
Authors: Laboret Bretton , Scrushy Marinda G. , Pandya Samir , Murphy Joseph T. 
Published: January 2025

Borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) are rare in pediatric populations and typically follow an indolent clinical course with few reported recurrences. Consequently, guidelines for pediatric BOT management are minimal. We retrospectively examined the management of 15 adolescent patients who underwent BOT resection at our institution over 14 years, with a specific focus on recurrence. Data collected include age, symptoms, tumor characteristics, laboratory markers, surgical management, staging, and follow-up. Fifteen patients with BOTs (median age: 16 y) presented with abdominal pain (67%), or distention (33%). Cancer antigen-125 marker was elevated in 10/13 patients. There were 11 (73%) tumors with serous and 4 (23%) with mucinous histology. Most received fertility-preserving surgery (93%) and disease stage was 1A in 7 (47%), 1B/1C in 5 (33%), and stage 2B or higher in 3 (20%) patients. Additional staging procedures, including peritoneal washings (73%), omentectomy (53%), and peritoneal biopsy (47%), varied in use. Four (27%) patients recurred, with 1 case of benign tumor, 1 BOT, and 2 serous carcinomas. Median patient follow-up was 45 months. BOTs can be successfully treated with fertility-preserving surgery but demonstrate a non-negligible rate of recurrence. We recommend surgical staging and posttreatment surveillance for all patients with BOT.
Analysis of Dynamic Mandibular Movement of Patients With Condylar Hyperplasia Treated With Orthognathic Surgery and Condylectomy
Authors: Su Lin , Kang Yanfeng , Guo Chuanbin , Wang Xiaoxia 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
To assess the dynamic mandibular movement of patients with condylar hyperplasia before and after simultaneous orthognathic surgery and condylectomy through an intraoral approach.

Methods:
Two groups of patients diagnosed with unilateral condylar hyperplasia were studied: the preoperative group consisted of 23 patients and the postoperative group consisted of 13 patients who had undergone simultaneous orthognathic surgery and condylectomy through an intraoral approach with follow-up for more than 1 year. The normal reference value was obtained from 11 individuals without oral and maxillofacial diseases. Three-dimensional mandibular movement trajectories and electromyography of masticatory muscles were recorded.

Results:
Patients showed no limitation in mandibular border movement before surgery, but the average amplitude of electromyography of the lower head of lateral pterygoid muscle on the affected side was lower than normal reference value. After condylectomy, the maximum mouth opening decreased [32.00 (26.55, 36.20) mm], mandibular movement deviated to the affected side, and the maximum distance in protrusive movement of the mandibular incisal point and the movement to the normal side were both significantly lowered. Amplitude of electromyography of the lateral pterygoid muscle on the normal side increased in the postoperative group compared with the preoperative group.

Conclusions:
Patients with condylar hyperplasia had a restriction in protrusive and to the normal side movement, and mandibular movement deflected to the affected side after condylectomy, which indicates the necessity of postoperative individualized rehabilitation training.
A two-step mechanism for RIG-I activation by influenza virus mvRNAs
Authors: Pitré Emmanuelle , Bisht Karishma , Remick Kaleigh A. , Ghorbani Amir , Yewdell Jonathan W. , Elshina Elizaveta , te Velthuis Aartjan J.W. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractInfluenza A virus (IAV) non-canonical replication products can be bound by host pathogen sensors, such as retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I). However, innate immune activation is infrequent in cell culture infection, in particular by adapted strains. Moreover, it is not understood why non-canonical IAV RNAs activate RIG-I in a sequence- or RNA structure-dependent manner. We therefore hypothesized that multiple errors need to occur before influenza virus RNA synthesis activates innate immune signaling. To test this idea, we investigated whether RIG-I activation is stimulated by the non-canonical or aberrant transcription of mini viral RNAs (mvRNA), a <125 nt long RNA that is overexpressed in pandemic and highly pathogenic IAV infections. Using mvRNA sequences identified in tissue culture and ferret infections, we find that mvRNAs can cause non-canonical transcription termination through a truncated 5ʹ polyadenylation signal or a 5ʹ transient RNA structure that interrupts polyadenylation. The resulting capped complementary RNAs (ccRNA) can stimulate the release of a template mvRNA in vitro. Finally, we find that both mvRNA and ccRNA sequences can be bound by RIG-I in cell culture and that blocking mvRNA transcription with baloxavir reduces IFN promoter activity. Overall, our findings indicate that sequential rounds of non-canonical or aberrant viral replication and transcription are needed before mvRNAs trigger innate immune signaling in a sequence-dependent manner.
PPIFold: a tool for analysis of Protein-Protein Interaction from AlphaPullDown
Authors: Rouger Quentin , Giudice Emmanuel , Meyer Damien F. , Macé Kévin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTProtein structure and protein-protein interaction (PPI) predictions based on coevolution have transformed structural biology, but managing pre-processing and post-processing can be complex and time-consuming, making these tools less accessible. Here, we introduce PPIFold, a pipeline built on the AlphaPulldown Python package, designed to automate file handling and streamline the generation of outputs, facilitating the interpretation of PPI prediction results. The pipeline was validated on the bacterial Type 4 Secretion System nanomachine, demonstrating its effectiveness in simplifying PPI analysis and enhancing accessibility for researchers.