bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the convex hull of convex quadratic optimization problems with indicators
Authors: Wei Linchuan , Atamtürk Alper , Gómez Andrés , Küçükyavuz Simge 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe consider the convex quadratic optimization problem in $$\mathbb {R}^{n}$$

R

n

with indicator variables and arbitrary constraints on the indicators. We show that a convex hull description of the associated mixed-integer set in an extended space with a quadratic number of additional variables consists of an $$(n+1) \times (n+1)$$

(
n
+
1
)
×
(
n
+
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positive semidefinite constraint (explicitly stated) and linear constraints. In particular, convexification of this class of problems reduces to describing a polyhedral set in an extended formulation. While the vertex representation of this polyhedral set is exponential and an explicit linear inequality description may not be readily available in general, we derive a compact mixed-integer linear formulation whose solutions coincide with the vertices of the polyhedral set. We also give descriptions in the original space of variables: we provide a description based on an infinite number of conic-quadratic inequalities, which are “finitely generated.” In particular, it is possible to characterize whether a given inequality is necessary to describe the convex hull. The new theory presented here unifies several previously established results, and paves the way toward utilizing polyhedral methods to analyze the convex hull of mixed-integer nonlinear sets.
Impaired consciousness in the pediatric intensive care unit: etiology and diagnostics—English version
Authors: Sanchez-Albisua Iciar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the management of children with disorders of consciousness. Rapid diagnostics are necessary to identify treatable etiologies and minimize neurological sequelae. The differential diagnosis is extensive. Brief neurological findings include quantification of impaired consciousness using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), testing of the eyes, motor function, and the presence of meningism. Laboratory tests include rapid exclusion of hypoglycemia and, if CNS infection is suspected, CSF examination. An emergency head CT is mandatory in cases of nonreactive unilateral or bilateral pupils before further diagnostic work-up is carried out. We recommend head MRI, especially if encephalitis, vasculitis, ischemic stroke, and sinus vein thrombosis are suspected. An EEG rarely provides clues to the cause of coma but it serves primarily as an objective measure of the severity of encephalopathy, the prognosis, and the effectiveness of therapy.
Failing professional practice placements in allied health: What do we understand about the student experience? A scoping review
Authors: Milgate Wendy , Copley Jodie , Hill Jessica 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProfessional practice placements are an essential component of allied health and nursing programs. Whilst most students pass these placements, a small percentage of students will fail or be at risk of failing. Supporting students undergoing a failing experience is a time critical, time consuming, emotional and resource-heavy task which is often undertaken by key university staff and impacts all stakeholders. Whilst several studies have provided insight into this experience from the educator and/or university perspective, this scoping review aimed to identify the students’ experience of failing or nearly failing a professional practice experience. Following Arskey and O’Malley’s framework for scoping reviews, 24 papers were included in this review. This review generated six themes including the reasons for failure, how failure looks and feels, how supports, service and strategies influence the student experience of failure, the importance of communication, relationships and organisational culture, the impact infrastructure and policies have, and the consequences of failure. The outcomes of this scoping review highlighted three key characteristics of the research to date: (a) the student voice is still largely missing; (b) the student perspective is distinctly different to that of other stakeholders; and (c) the interventions used appear not to be student-informed or student-led. Better understanding this experience from the student’s perspective could create a more sustainable practice education environment by designing and implementing more effective supports, services or strategies that reduce the overall impact a failing experience has on students and key stakeholders.
Betting on the House: The Impact of Gambling on Homeownership in Australia
Authors: Baako Kingsley Tetteh , Mintah Kwabena , Churchill Sefa Awaworyi , Farrell Lisa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGambling is commonly associated with social and economic disadvantage. In this paper we examine the impact of gambling on homeownership, using Australian panel data. We find that gambling is associated with a lower probability of homeownership. Specifically, our endogeneity corrected estimates show that an increase in problem gambling is associated with between 1.6 and 1.8 percentage point decrease in the probability of owning a home depending on the model. Our result show that financial stress and social capital are channels through which gambling influences the probability of homeownership.
The Role of Social Support and Belonging in Predicting Recovery from Problem Gambling
Authors: Penfold Katy L. , Ogden Jane 
Published: June 2023

AbstractResearch indicates a role for both social support and belonging in addiction recovery, however little is known about the role of these constructs in the recovery from problem gambling, and whether they relate to the effectiveness of mutual aid groups such as Gamblers Anonymous. The aim of this study was therefore to explore the relationship between social support and belonging, and to assess the role of demographics (including group membership of GA), social support and/or belongingness in predicting gambling addiction recovery in terms of gambling urges and quality of life. Using a cross sectional design, participants identifying as having problem gambling (n = 60) completed an online questionnaire with two independent variables (Social Support and Belonging), two dependent variables (Gambling Urges and Quality of Life) to assess gambling addiction recovery and measures of GA membership. The results showed no significant association between gender, age, ethnicity, education or employment status and gambling urges or quality of life. Membership to GA, and length of membership were significantly associated with gambling recovery indicating that being a member of GA and longer membership was associated with lower gambling urges and higher quality of life. Further, the results showed a high but not perfect correlation between social support and belonging (r(58) = .81, p =  < .01). A regression analysis showed that although there was a significant correlation between social support and belongingness, they played different roles in gambling addiction recovery. Social support alone predicted higher quality of life, but not a reduction in gambling urges; belonging (along with being a member of GA) predicted a reduction in gambling urges, but not an increase in quality of life. Social support and belonging have a differential impact on aspects of gambling addiction, and should be considered as different constructs. In particular, whilst the process underpinning reduced gambling urges is membership of GA and the sense of belonging it provides its members, social support per se is a better predictor of quality of life. These findings have implications for the development of treatment for problem gamblers in the future.
On the relativistic spatial localization for massive real scalar Klein–Gordon quantum particles
Authors: Moretti Valter 
Published: June 2023

AbstractI rigorously analyze a proposal, introduced by D.R. Terno, about a spatial localization observable for a Klein–Gordon massive real particle in terms of a Poincaré-covariant family of POVMs. I prove that these POVMs are actually a kinematic deformation of the Newton–Wigner PVMs. The first moment of one of these POVMs, however, exactly coincides with a restriction (on a core) of the Newton–Wigner self-adjoint position operator, though the second moment does not. This fact permits to preserve all nice properties of the Newton–Wigner position observable, dropping the unphysical features arising from the Hegerfeldt theorem. The considered POVM does not permit spatially sharply localized states, but it admits families of almost localized states with arbitrary precision. Next, I establish that the Terno localization observable satisfies part of a requirement introduced by D.P.L. Castrigiano about causal temporal evolution concerning the Lebesgue measurable spatial regions of any Minkowskian reference frame. The validity of the complete Castrigiano’s causality requirement is also proved for a notion of spatial localization which generalizes Terno’s one in a natural way.
New space-efficient quantum algorithm for binary elliptic curves using the optimized division algorithm
Authors: Kim Hyeonhak , Hong Seokhie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the previous research on solving the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem, quantum resources were concretely estimated. In Banegas et al. (IACR Trans Cryptogr Hardw Embed Syst 2021(1):451–472, 2020. https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2021.i1.451-472), the quantum algorithm was optimized for binary elliptic curves, with the main optimization target being the number of the logical qubits. The division algorithm was primarily optimized in Banegas et al. (2020) since every ancillary qubit is used in the division algorithm. In this paper, we propose a new quantum division algorithm on the binary field that uses fewer qubits. Specifically, for elements in a field of $$2^n$$

2
n

, our algorithm saves $$n - 3\lfloor \log {n} \rfloor - 2$$

n
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3
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log
n
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qubits instead of using $$n^2 - 64n\lfloor \log (n) \rfloor + O(n)$$

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64
n

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log

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O

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more Toffoli gates, which leads to a more space-efficient quantum algorithm for binary elliptic curves. For the small size n of 16, 127, 163, 233, 283 and 571, both the number of qubits and the number of Toffoli gates are actually reduced. When the size n is 571, the reduction in ancillary qubits amounts to approximately 23% compared to the previous algorithm.
Crosslinguistic influence on spelling in written compositions: Evidence from English-Spanish dual language learners in primary grades
Authors: Wolters Alissa Patricia , Kim Young-suk Grace 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe investigated spelling errors in English and Spanish essays by Spanish-English dual language learners in Grades 1, 2, and 3 (N = 278; 51% female) enrolled in either English immersion or English-Spanish dual immersion programs. We examined what types of spelling errors students made, whether they made spelling errors that could be due to crosslinguistic influence, and whether errors were associated with instructional program, English learner status, and grade level. Compositions were transcribed and coded using the Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT) software. Spelling errors were suggestive of crosslinguistic influence that was mostly unidirectional from one language to the other rather than bidirectional. Spelling errors were related to instructional program such that students in Spanish-English dual immersion made more English spelling errors in English compositions due to Spanish influence, and students in English immersion made more spelling errors in Spanish compositions due to English influence. Students in higher grades also made less English spelling errors in English compositions due to Spanish influence than students in lower grades. These findings suggest that dual language learners acquire spelling patterns in one language influenced by instruction and home language, which transfers to spelling in the other language.
Checking in at bee hotels: trap-nesting occupancy and fitness of cavity-nesting bees in an urbanised biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Prendergast Kit S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith urbanisation leading to loss of nesting resources, and increasing public interest in helping bees, bee hotels (trap-nests) are becoming popularised. However, their success is relatively understudied. The influence of habitat type in determining occupancy and emergence is also poorly known. Over two years across 7 bushland remnant and 7 residential garden sites, trap-nests were installed and completed nests collected monthly over spring-summer. Bees appeared to take a month to find the trap-nests, irrespective of month they were installed. A small percentage (13% and 6% in the two years) of tubes were occupied, but this was within the range of other trap-nesting studies. Smaller 4 and 7 mm diameter nests had a higher occupancy rate than 10 mm diameter tubes. An impressive number − 24 bee species – occupied the trap-nests. Representation however was dominated by five species. The species composition (species and their relative abundances) of cavity-nesting bees differed greatly between those using the trap-nests compared with those observed in the field. Bushland remnants tended to have more bee hotels occupied, and male body size of emerged bees was larger in this habitat. Unexpectedly native and total flower diversity reduced bee hotel occupancy, whereas native flower parameters tended to positively influence bee fitness. Overall installing bee hotels can provide additional nesting resources for native bees in urbanised areas, and providing high proportions of native flora in the vicinity should enhance fitness of the bees using them.
The synergistic hydration mechanism and environmental safety of multiple solid wastes in red mud-based cementitious materials
Authors: Zhu Junge , Yue Hongzhi , Ma Laijun , Li Zichao , Bai Rong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRed mud (RM) is a solid waste material with high alkalinity and low cementing activity component. The low activity of RM makes it difficult to prepare high-performance cementitious materials from RM alone. Five groups of RM-based cementitious samples were prepared by adding steel slag (SS), grade 42.5 ordinary Portland cement (OPC), blast furnace slag cement (BFSC), flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG), and fly ash (FA). The effects of different solid waste additives on the hydration mechanisms, mechanical properties, and environmental safety of RM-based cementitious materials were discussed and analyzed. The results showed that the samples prepared from different solid waste materials and RM formed similar hydration products, and the main products were C–S–H, tobermorite, and Ca(OH)2. The mechanical properties of the samples met the single flexural strength criterion (≥ 3.0 MPa) for first-grade pavement brick in the Industry Standard of Building Materials of the People's Republic of China-Concrete Pavement Brick. The alkali substances in the samples existed stably, and the leaching concentrations of the heavy metals reached class III of the surface water environmental quality standards. The radioactivity level was in the unrestricted range for main building materials and decorative materials. The results manifest that RM-based cementitious materials have the characteristics of environmentally friendly materials and possess the potential to partially or fully replace traditional cement in the development of engineering and construction applications and it provides innovative guidance for combined utilization of multi-solid waste materials and RM resources.
Impact of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photolysis on ethylene degradation kinetics and removal in mixed-fruit storage, and direct exposure to ‘Fuji’ apples during storage
Authors: Mabusela Bongolwethu P. , Belay Zinash A. , Godongwana Buntu , Caleb Oluwafemi James 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAccumulated ethylene in fruit storage/transportation causes rapid senescence resulting in reduced shelf-life and postharvest losses. The aim of this study was to investigate the application of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photolysis modular reactor for fruit storage. The first experiment compared the effectiveness of VUV photolysis reactor with the standard fruit industry adsorbent (potassium permanganate, KMnO4) on the removal of ethylene from mixed-fruit loading of apples, banana, and pears stored at ambient temperature (16 °C) for 6 days. Second study evaluated the impact of direct VUV radiation on quality attributes of apples stored at 10 °C for 21 days. Results showed that ethylene produced in mixed-fruit loading storage significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by 86.9% in the storage chamber connected to VUV modular reactor compared to 25.4% for storage under potassium permanganate. Direct exposure of apples to VUV radiation successfully reduced both ethylene and respiration rate but damaged the skin of the apples. Hue angle and lightness (L*) for apples exposed to VUV radiation declined significantly (p < 0.05) from 60.7 ± 1.09 to 33.5 ± 9.51 and 58.1 ± 3.60 to 50.4 ± 1.13, respectively. This study showed the potential of VUV photolysis as an innovative technique for removing ethylene from storage facility.
Engineer Nanoscale Defects into Selective Channels: MOF-Enhanced Li+ Separation by Porous Layered Double Hydroxide Membrane
Authors: Lu Yahua , Zhou Rongkun , Wang Naixin , Yang Yuye , Zheng Zilong , Zhang Miao , An Quan-Fu , Yuan Jiayin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) membrane-based ion separation technology has been increasingly explored to address the problem of lithium resource shortage, yet it remains a sound challenge to design 2D membranes of high selectivity and permeability for ion separation applications. Zeolitic imidazolate framework functionalized modified layered double hydroxide (ZIF-8@MLDH) composite membranes with high lithium-ion (Li+) permeability and excellent operational stability were obtained in this work by in situ depositing functional ZIF-8 nanoparticles into the nanopores acting as framework defects in MLDH membranes. The defect-rich framework amplified the permeability of Li+, and the site-selective growth of ZIF-8 in the framework defects bettered its selectivity. Specifically speaking, the ZIF-8@MLDH membranes featured a high permeation rate of Li+ up to 1.73 mol m−2 h−1 and a desirable selectivity of Li+/Mg2+ up to 31.9. Simulations supported that the simultaneously enhanced selectivity and permeability of Li+ are attributed to changes in the type of mass transfer channels and the difference in the dehydration capacity of hydrated metal cations when they pass through nanochannels of ZIF-8. This study will inspire the ongoing research of high-performance 2D membranes through the engineering of defects."Image missing"
Towards Practical Application of Li–S Battery with High Sulfur Loading and Lean Electrolyte: Will Carbon-Based Hosts Win This Race?
Authors: Gong Yi , Li Jing , Yang Kai , Li Shaoyin , Xu Ming , Zhang Guangpeng , Shi Yan , Cai Qiong , Li Huanxin , Zhao Yunlong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs the need for high-energy–density batteries continues to grow, lithium-sulfur (Li–S) batteries have become a highly promising next-generation energy solution due to their low cost and exceptional energy density compared to commercially available Li-ion batteries. Research into carbon-based sulfur hosts for Li–S batteries has been ongoing for over two decades, leading to a significant number of publications and patents. However, the commercialization of Li–S batteries has yet to be realized. This can be attributed, in part, to the instability of the Li metal anode. However, even when considering just the cathode side, there is still no consensus on whether carbon-based hosts will prove to be the best sulfur hosts for the industrialization of Li–S batteries. Recently, there has been controversy surrounding the use of carbon-based materials as the ideal sulfur hosts for practical applications of Li–S batteries under high sulfur loading and lean electrolyte conditions. To address this question, it is important to review the results of research into carbon-based hosts, assess their strengths and weaknesses, and provide a clear perspective. This review systematically evaluates the merits and mechanisms of various strategies for developing carbon-based host materials for high sulfur loading and lean electrolyte conditions. The review covers structural design and functional optimization strategies in detail, providing a comprehensive understanding of the development of sulfur hosts. The review also describes the use of efficient machine learning methods for investigating Li–S batteries. Finally, the outlook section lists and discusses current trends, challenges, and uncertainties surrounding carbon-based hosts, and concludes by presenting our standpoint and perspective on the subject.
Justice for Children in Ghana: The Untold Dimension
Authors: Marfo Samuel , Aniagyei Wilson , Bamaora Florence Naah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Studies on criminal justice in Ghana have implicated the police in bribery, breach of trust, crime trade, and brutality, among others. This study departed from the approach of “perceived wrongs” cited against the police and examined the less untold challenges which militate against child-friendly policing in the country. A total of 160 police respondents were randomly selected from three police districts in the Northern Region of Ghana in a correlational study design. Administering a questionnaire was used as the primary data collection method. The study found that the police are constrained by inadequate cells for juveniles, inadequate serviceable vehicles, lack of remand homes for juveniles, lack of State-owned temporary shelters for victims of abuse and inadequate budgetary support for handling juvenile crimes. Using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance, with a 147.119 (df = 5) value for χ2, the asymptotic significance (p) was 0.000, signifying a significant agreement among police officers’ grading scores. Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (W) figure was found to be 0.751, implying that 75.1% of the ranking scores given by police officers were in consonance with these challenges which have restrained them from any practical child-friendly policing and administration of juvenile justice in the study locality.
Access to justice and the role of parliamentarians: what happens to those who fall through the justice gap?
Authors: Newman Daniel , Robins Jon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis is the first academic paper to consider the role that parliamentarians play in access to justice. Under austerity, England and Wales has seen cuts to legal aid and local authority budgets that have impacted the ability of people to get help for legal problems in social welfare law from the advice sector. Members of the UK Parliament and Members of the Senedd Cymru are increasingly being called upon by their constituents to fill the resultant gap in advice. This paper draws on interviews with parliamentarians that draw out the nature of the role they are now playing in access to justice across three key areas of civil justice: welfare benefits; housing; and immigration. The growth of parliamentarians as figures in access to justice has thus far been largely neglected but is crucial to grasp, as the implications for the future of access to justice are massive. The paper calls for more research to better understand the phenomenon but urges caution that elected representatives should not be considered as an adequate substitute for a properly functioning, adequately funded advice sector.