bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model selection with bootstrap validation
Authors: Savvides Rafael , Mäkelä Jarmo , Puolamäki Kai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractModel selection is one of the most central tasks in supervised learning. Validation set methods are the standard way to accomplish this task: models are trained on training data, and the model with the smallest loss on the validation data is selected. However, it is generally not obvious how much validation data is required to make a reliable selection, which is essential when labeled data are scarce or expensive. We propose a bootstrap‐based algorithm, bootstrap validation (BSV), that uses the bootstrap to adjust the validation set size and to find the best‐performing model within a tolerance parameter specified by the user. We find that BSV works well in practice and can be used as a drop‐in replacement for validation set methods or k‐fold cross‐validation. The main advantage of BSV is that less validation data is typically needed, so more data can be used to train the model, resulting in better approximations and efficient use of validation data.
Robust deep neural network surrogate models with uncertainty quantification via adversarial training
Authors: Zhang Lixiang , Li Jia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSurrogate models have been used to emulate mathematical simulators of physical or biological processes for computational efficiency. High‐speed simulation is crucial for conducting uncertainty quantification (UQ) when the simulation must repeat over many randomly sampled input points (aka the Monte Carlo method). A simulator can be so computationally intensive that UQ is only feasible with a surrogate model. Recently, deep neural network (DNN) surrogate models have gained popularity for their state‐of‐the‐art emulation accuracy. However, it is well‐known that DNN is prone to severe errors when input data are perturbed in particular ways, the very phenomenon which has inspired great interest in adversarial training. In the case of surrogate models, the concern is less about a deliberate attack exploiting the vulnerability of a DNN but more of the high sensitivity of its accuracy to input directions, an issue largely ignored by researchers using emulation models. In this paper, we show the severity of this issue through empirical studies and hypothesis testing. Furthermore, we adopt methods in adversarial training to enhance the robustness of DNN surrogate models. Experiments demonstrate that our approaches significantly improve the robustness of the surrogate models without compromising emulation accuracy.
Prolinamide and Prolinamide Tagged with Ionic Liquid Intercalated in Bentonite Clay, a Recyclable Catalyst for Asymmetric Aldol Reactions
Authors: Deepa  , Singh Surendra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe imidazolium‐based chiral ionic liquids containing prolinamide moiety and prolinamide were intercalated in bentonite clay and evaluated in asymmetric aldol reactions of aromatic aldehydes or isatins with acetone or cyclohexanone. The 10 mol% of chiral ionic liquid having S‐phenylethylamine moiety 2 a catalyzed the direct enantioselective aldol reaction of isatins and acetone in i‐PrOH at −20 °C and afforded the corresponding 3‐alkyl‐3‐hydroxy indolin‐2‐ones in 72–98 % yields and 37–80 % ee's. The prolinamide intercalated in bentonite clay (0.125 g, 10 mol%) gave corresponding aldol products in 32–82 % yields and 38–91 % ee's. However, prolinamide intercalated bentonite clay was found to be less active as compared to chiral ionic liquids containing prolinamide. The prolinamide intercalated bentonite clay 8 was reused in four catalytic cycles, with a slight loss of activity and selectivity of the catalyst after the third recycling.
Synthesis and Photophysical Studies on N1‐(Coumarin‐4′′′‐yl)‐C4‐(2′,3′‐dideoxyuridin‐3′‐yl/3′‐deoxythymidin‐3′‐yl)‐oxymethyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles
Authors: Singla Harbansh , Kumar Sandeep , Maikhuri Vipin K. , Kavita Kavita , Prasad Ashok K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA click chemistry‐based protocol has been utilized for the synthesis of a series of twelve novel tert‐butyldiphenylsilylated N1‐(coumarin‐4′′′‐yl)‐C4‐(2′,3′‐di‐deoxyuridin‐3′‐yl)‐oxymethyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles and N1‐(coumarin‐4′′′‐yl)‐C4‐(3′‐deoxythymin‐3′‐yl)‐oxymethyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles by utilising Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reaction of 4‐azidocoumarins and 3′‐O‐(prop‐1‐yn‐3‐yl)‐5′‐O‐(tert‐butyldiphenylsilyl)‐2′,3′‐dideoxyuridin or 3′‐O‐(prop‐1‐yn‐3‐yl)‐5′‐O‐(tert‐butyldiphenylsilyl)‐3′‐deoxythymidin in 70–82 % and 68–82 % yields, respectively. The deprotection of resulted silylated uridine and thymidine conjugate with TBAF afforded title compounds in 81–91 % yield. The photophysical studies have been carried out on the synthesized coumarin‐triazolylmethyl nucleoside conjugates which revealed a very high Stokes shift value ranging from 82–215 nm.
Electrospinning Triboelectric Laminates: A Pathway for Scaling Energy Harvesters
Authors: Linarts Artis , Sherrell Peter C. , Mālnieks Kaspars , Ellis Amanda V. , Šutka Andris 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHerein, a new paradigm of triboelectric polymers—the triboelectric laminate—a volumetric material with electromechanical response comparable to the benchmark soft piezoelectric material polyvinylidene difluoride is reported. The electromechanical response in the triboelectric laminate arises from aligned dipoles, generated from the orientation of contact electrification in the laminates bulk volume. The dipoles form between sequential bilayers consisting of two different electrospun polymer fibers of different diameter. The loose interface between the fiber bilayers ensures friction and triboelectric charging between two polymers. The electric output from the electrospun triboelectric laminate increases with increasing density of the bilayers. This system design has clear benefits over other flexible devices for mechanical energy harvesting as it does not require any poling procedures, and the electromechanical response is stable over 24 h of continuous operation. Moreover, the electromechanically responsive electrospun laminate can be made from all types of polymers, thus providing ample room for further improvements or functionalities such as stretchability, biodegradability, or biocompatibility. The concept of a triboelectric laminate can be introduced into existing triboelectric nanogenerator form factors, to dramatically increase charge harvesting of a variety of devices.
Polydopamine‐Decorated PLCL Conduit to Induce Synergetic Effect of Electrical Stimulation and Topological Morphology for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Lu Shunyi , Chen Wen , Wang Jiayi , Guo Zilong , Xiao Lan , Wei Lingyu , Yu Jieqin , Yuan Ya , Chen Weisin , Bian Mengxuan , Huang Lei , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhang Jian , Li Yu‐Lin , Jiang Li‐Bo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDue to the limited self‐repairing capacity after peripheral nerve injuries (PNI), artificial nerve conduits are widely applied to facilitate neural regeneration. Exogenous electrical stimulation (ES) that is carried out by the conductive conduit regulates the biological behavior of Schwann cells (SCs). Meanwhile, a longitudinal surface structure counts to guide axonal growth to accelerate the end‐to‐end connection. Currently, there are no conduits equipped with both electrical conduction and axon‐guiding surface structure. Herein, a biodegradable, conductive poly(l‐lactide‐co‐caprolactone)/graphene (PLCL/GN) composite conduit is designed. The conduit with 20.96 ± 1.26 MPa tensile strength has a micropatterned surface of 20 µm groove fabricated by microimprint technology and self‐assembled polydopamine (PDA). In vitro evaluation shows that the conduits with ES effectively stimulate the directional cell migration, adhesion, and elongation, and enhance neuronal expression of SCs. The rat sciatic nerve crush model demonstrates that the conductive micropatterned conduit with ES promotes the growth of myelin sheath, faster nerve regeneration, and 20‐fold functional recovery in vivo. These discoveries prove that the PLCL(G)/PDA/GN composite conduit is a promising tool for PNI treatment by providing the functional integration of physical guidance, biomimetic biological regulation, and bioelectrical stimulation, which inspires a novel therapeutic approach for nerve regeneration in the future.
Project management and system dynamics modelling: Time to connect with innovation and sustainability
Authors: Calderon‐Tellez Javier Andres , Bell Gary , Herrera Milton M. , Sato Carlos 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper argues that there is a requirement to connect project management (PM) with innovation and sustainability to address new societal needs. Societal demands have facilitated further complexity and uncertainty within the PM discipline and have led to both theoretical and practical evolutions. Key evolutions are identified, which suggests that PM is becoming more holistic and interdisciplinary in nature so it can successfully deal with this complexity and uncertainty. Furthermore, holistic thinking naturally connects with systemic thinking, which justifies the selection of system dynamics (SD) to support PM decision‐making. An extensive critical review of SD modelling with respect to identified evolutions within the PM discipline is undertaken. The contribution of this paper connects innovation and sustainability to the PM discipline by the initial development of a causal loop diagram (CLD).
Test environments for large‐scale software systems—An industrial study of intrinsic and extrinsic success factors
Authors: Mårtensson Torvald , Ancher Göran , Ståhl Daniel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe characteristics of the test environment are of vital importance to its ability to support the organizations testing objectives. This paper seeks to address the need for a structured and reliable approach, which can be used by companies and other organizations to optimize their test environments in each individual case. The reported study included a series of interviews with 30 individuals, a series of focus groups with in total 31 individuals and a cross‐company workshop with 30 participants from five large‐scale companies, operating in different industry segments. The study resulted in a list of success factors, including not only characteristics and capabilities existing within a test environment (intrinsic success factors) but also properties not inherent to the test environment, but still vital for a successfully implemented test environment (extrinsic success factors). This distinction is important, as the root causes differ and as addressing them requires distinct approaches—not only of technology but also of organization, communication and collaboration. We find that successful implementations of test environments for large‐scale software systems depend primarily on how they support the company's business strategy, test organization and product testability (extrinsic success factors). Based on this, test environments can then be optimized to improve test environment capabilities, usability and stability (intrinsic success factors). The list of intrinsic and extrinsic success factors was well received by all five companies included in the study, supporting that the intrinsic and extrinsic success factors for test environments can be applied to a large segment of the software industry.
Implementation of Floating‐Point Arithmetic Processing on Content Addressable Memory‐Based Massive‐ParallelSIMDmatriX Core
Authors: Kageyama Kyosuke , Arai Sota , Hamano Hajime , Kong Xiangbo , Koide Tetsushi , Kumaki Takeshi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSeveral multimedia applications have recently been implemented on mobile devices, including digital image compression, video compression, and audio processing. Furthermore, Artificial Intelligence (AI) processing has grown in popularity, necessitating the execution of large amounts of data in mobile devices. Therefore, the processing core in a mobile device requires high performance, programmability, and versatility. Multimedia apps for mobile devices typically comprise repeated arithmetic and table‐lookup coding operations. A Content Addressable Memory‐based massive‐parallel SIMD matriX core (CAMX) is presented to increase the processing speed of both operations on a processing core. The CAMX serves as a CPU core accelerator for mobile devices. The CAMX supports high‐parallel processing and is equipped with two CAM modules for high‐speed repeated arithmetic and table‐lookup coding operations. The CAMX has great performance, programmability, and versatility on mobile devices because it can handle logical, arithmetic, search, and shift operations in parallel. This paper shows that the CAMX can process parallel repeated arithmetic and table‐lookup coding operations; single‐precision floating‐point arithmetic can calculate 1024 entries in 5613 clock cycles in parallel without embedding a dedicated floating‐point arithmetic unit. This clock cycle using two's complement‐reduced floating‐point addition implementation decreases 59% than the implementation of straight‐forward floating‐point addition. The implementation of straight‐forward floating‐point additions is improved as two's complement instruction reduced algorithms. Thus, this paper proposes an instruction reduction architecture by modulating the CAMX to directly access the data in the left and right CAM modules from the preserve register. The CAMX has achieved high performance, programmability, and versatility by not embedding a dedicated processing unit. Moreover, assuming the CAMX processes at an operating frequency of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 GHz, it can process floating‐point additions above approximately 4500 parallelized data, with better performance than an ARM core using NEON and Vector Floating‐Point (VFP). In addition, related works executed by software instruction, dedicated floating‐point arithmetic unit, or both and the CAMX are compared while assuming the same operation frequency. From this result, the CAMX which has 128‐bit and 1024‐entry CAM modules achieves higher performance than the related works executed by only software instructions and by combining software instructions and a dedicated floating‐point arithmetic unit. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Climate change impacts on immovable cultural heritage in polar regions: A systematic bibliometric review
Authors: Nicu Ionut Cristi , Fatorić Sandra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOver the past decade, research on the impacts of climate change on immovable cultural heritage (ICH) in the polar regions (Arctic and Antarctica) has slowly increased. This article offers a systematic review and synthesis of the publications about climate change impacts on the diverse ICH and climate change adaptation in the polar regions. Gray literature was not included in the study. Arctic countries like Sweden, Finland, Iceland, and Russia, and their associated research organizations, are under‐represented in this literature when compared with the USA, Canada, Denmark, and Norway. More than half of the analyzed literature is published in the last 3 years (2019, 2020, and 2021) with a focus on coastal erosion and ICH degradation (cryospheric hazards). ICH is at risk from biological degradation, coastal erosion, debris flow, and thaw slumping. Nearly half of the studies report on the need for climate change adaptation planning and implementation for ICH. This study shows that advances in research on climate change impacts and adaptation responses are needed to improve decision‐ and policy‐maker capacity to support effective adaptation policies and to contribute to the achievement of SDGs in polar regions. The polar regions' vulnerable landscapes and ICH sites can be used to communicate a larger message about the climate change challenges and adaptation measures.This article is categorized under:
Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Observed Impacts of Climate Change
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Learning from Cases and Analogies
Climate and Development > Sustainability and Human Well‐Being
Biblical Aniconism? Representing the Gods of Ancient Israel and Judah
Authors: Römer Thomas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper argues that one should not speak of an “original aniconism” in the cult of Yhwh, the god of Israel. In the Northern kingdom and in the first temple of Jerusalem, this god was represented in a theriomorphic and anthropomorphic way. The prohibitions of images of the god of Israel in the Decalogue and other texts were written after the Babylonian exile and are related to the rise of monotheism. During the Persian period Yhwh became the “only” and transcendent god who could no longer be represented by statues or other symbols as were the Mesopotamian gods. However, the Menorah, the candelabra, which was placed in the Second Temple is, in a way, a representation of the divine presence. Aniconism is, however, not a pure invention of nascent Judaism. There are apparently in the Ancient Near East aniconic tendencies that are, nevertheless, compatible with iconic representations of the deities. This may be explained by the facts that ancient people were aware that statues and other images should not be identified with the deities.
Integrative Model of Children’s Representations of God in Drawings
Authors: Brandt Pierre-Yves , Dandarova-Robert Zhargalma , Dessart Grégory , Muthert Hanneke , Schaap-Jonker Hanneke 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhen confronted with being asked to “draw god”, children have to solve a problem; they are being asked to produce a visual representation of an entity that they have never seen. Resources for solving this problem are available within the child’s cultural context: The shape of the figure itself may be based on various religious representations of gods, iconic figurations of supernatural agents in fictional artefacts (paintings, movies, cartoons even in advertisement), various valences may be attributed to colours or to different parts of an image composition, etc. The drawings produced by children depend also on their cognitive abilities to grasp the concept of god, their emotional abilities to express the accompanying feelings, their creativity and artistic skills. In representing god, children have to solve additional problems. For example, connotations of the concept of god can awaken attachment bonds to parental figures; religious prohibitions against representations of god can be in conflict with the task of drawing god. The purpose of this work is to integrate the results presented in parts II-V of this book, and to articulate the different factors in an integrated model that outlines possible strategies used to carry out the project of drawing god.
Interdisciplinary Approaches to Children’s Drawings of Gods: Challenges, Achievements and Perspectives
Authors: Brandt Pierre-Yves , Dandarova-Robert Zhargalma , Cocco Christelle , Vinck Dominique , Darbellay Frédéric 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo conclude this stage of research on the representations of supernatural agents in children’s drawings, this chapter summarizes some of the main results of the works collected in this volume. The use of drawings to study children’s representations is not a classic methodology in child psychology. Analysing images is challenging on different levels: content analysis, material features of the drawings, and the development of technical tools needed for the analysis. This chapter discusses the benefits and the limitations of this methodology, as well as those of interdisciplinary approaches that try to combine computer vision methods with studies on child and adolescent development. It ends with the presentation of specific research ideas generated by this first stage of investigation, ideas which we propose as a program for a second stage of research.
Automated Colour Identification and Quantification in Children’s Drawings of God
Authors: Cocco Christelle , Dandarova-Robert Zhargalma , Brandt Pierre-Yves 
Published: January 2023

AbstractColour is still a relatively neglected aspect in the study both of religious art and of children’s artistic expression of the divine. Our research addresses this important gap and adds to psychological research on religious representations and conceptualization of the divine. From drawings collected in four different cultural and religious environments: Japanese (Buddhism and Shinto), Russian-Buryat (Buddhism, Shamanism), Russian-Slavic (Christian Orthodoxy) and French-speaking Swiss (Catholic and reformed Christianity) we show that children often imagine and depict god using the same colours: primarily yellow and blue. Apparently, god is often imagined by children as light or in light (yellow) and dwelling in the sky (blue). These results parallel historical and religious studies showing that the light enjoys prominent and most powerful symbolism and association with the divine. Complementary analysis of possible effect of child’s age, gender, and schooling (religious or regular) did not affect the main result. This research also introduced a novel approach to data analysis by using computer vision in psychological studies of children’s drawings. The automated colour identification method was developed to extract colours from scans of drawings. Despite some difficulties, this new methodology opens an interesting avenue for future research in children’s drawings and visual art.
The Taxonomy of ‘Race’ and the Anthropology of Sex: Conceptual Determination and Social Presumption in Kant
Authors: Sandford Stella 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter argues that the different treatment of the concepts of; ‘race’ and ‘sex’ in Kant’s philosophy shows how the first was a philosophical problem that required justification while the latter was—and usually still is—taken for granted. It shows how, through his writings on race, Kant defended an historical conception of the natural genus. Refusing the natural distinction between ‘genus’ and ‘species’, Kant’s philosophical determination of the concept of ‘race’ then attempts to introduce, below these, a new terminal category in zoological taxonomy that justified, for him, the positing of significant classificatory differences between the human ‘races’ even if they all belonged to the same natural genus/species. In contrast, the concept of sex or gender (Geschlecht) is never subject to any philosophical determination but treated as an unquestioned basis for the justification of social and political differences between men and women.
What Happens When Festivals Can’t Happen?
Authors: Damiens Antoine , de Valck Marijke 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCovid-19 marked a historic moment in the film festival world. The pandemic outbreak fundamentally impacted the geographic organization and calendar of the film industry with strings of film festivals unable to take place in their regular live-event form. This book aims to document and think through an ongoing crisis: looking at a wide variety of international festivals, the contributors use adaptive approaches that both connect to earlier models and methods and search for new frames and tools to understand what happens when festivals can’t happen. Co-editors Antoine Damiens and Marijke de Valck underscore how contributors have worked from a set of shared conceptual entry points, acknowledging the global nature of the festival phenomenon as well as seeing different local responses and effects and pushing against linear understandings of crisis management by connecting the various “make do” and innovative solutions to earlier experiments and practices.