bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive genomic signature of pyroptosis-related genes and relevant characterization in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Sheng , Gao Songsen , Shan Liang , Qian Xueyi , Luan Jiajie , Lv Xiongwen 
Published: January 2023

Background
Currently, the most predominant type of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is also the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the global population. Pyroptosis is an emerging form of cell death that affects the prognosis of cancer patients by modulating tumor cell migration, proliferation and invasion. However, the evaluation of pyroptosis in the prognosis of HCC is still insufficient.

Methods
A total of 365 HCC patients from the TCGA-LIHC cohort were classified into two distinct subtypes using consensus clustering of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs). Following univariate Cox analysis of differentially expressed genes between subtypes, we established a prognostic model (PRGs-score, PRGS) by LASSO Cox analysis. We further tested the predictive power of the prognostic model in the ICGC (LIRI-JP) and GEO (GSE14520) cohorts. The tumor microenvironment (TME) was studied using the CIBERSORT. The enrichment scores for immune cells and immune functions in low- and high-PRGS groups were assessed using ssGSEA. The IMvigor210 cohort was used to investigate the immunotherapy efficacy. Furthermore, we validated the expression of prognostic genes in PRGS by RT-qPCR in vitro.

Results
The subtyping of HCC based on PRGs exhibited distinct clinical characteristics. We developed a prognostic model PRGS by differentially expressed genes between different subtypes. The results showed that PRGS could well forecast the survival of HCC patients in different cohorts and was associated with the immune microenvironment. Moreover, PRGS was considered to be an independent prognostic risk factor and superior to other pyroptosis-related signatures. Low-PRGS implied greater immune cell infiltration and better overall survival with immunotherapy. The results of RT-qPCR also showed that prognostic genes were significantly dysregulated in HCC.

Conclusions
PRGS has promising application in forecasting the prognosis of HCC patients, and its relationship with the immune microenvironment provides a basis for the subsequent treatment and research of HCC.
Comparative Anatomical Studies on the Hand of Human and Two Mammalian Species
Authors: Aljalaud Nora A. , Alkhaldi Haifa M. 
Published: January 2023

Background: Morphologically there is a great similarity in the musculoskeletal pattern in different species of the primates especially the development of hands and digits for better functional adaptation to their environment. The factors involved in evolution of modern hand are muscle-tendon architecture, shape, size of bones and articular surfaces in joints. Human hand is functionally highly evolved with manipulative potential for fast and fine skilled activity especially in thumb and index finger as compared with other species.
Aim: Present study was undertaken to compare the hand anatomy of the Baboon and Squirrel with the Human.
Methods: Two commonly found mammals in Saudi Arabia i.e. Baboon and Squirrel were selected to reflect the different environmental adaptations. The human hands were provided by the Department of Anatomy. The animals were anesthetized, sacrificed at Anesthesia Department. Fixation done by 9% formaldehyde solution, hands dissected under Zeiss dissecting microscope, Muscle groups identified using 5% iodine stain, Bones and cartilages stained by Alizarin red and Alcian blue stain respectively and photographed (Nikon D3200 digital camera). The hand divided into four parts: Wrist, dorsum of hand, palm and fingers.
Results: Human Hand: Wrist is wide, bones arranged in two rows gliding over each other for free movements at hand. Dorsum has thin fatty layer, more wrinkles and fewer hairs. Palm has thick skin without hair and well-developed muscles are arranged in groups (Thenar, Hypothenar, Lumbricals and Interossei). Digits have extensor and flexor tendons up to middle and distal phalanx. Thumb is rotated providing opposition and multiaxial movements.
Baboon Hand: Wrist is short, bones arranged in two rows but fewer movements at hand. Dorsum has fewer wrinkles, more hairs. Palm skin has very thick layer, especially at friction pad located below fingers; muscles are arranged in groups but not fully developed as compared to human.
Squirrel Hand: Small and close dimensions, five short fingers, pointed, every finger ends with a claw. The skin is thin, covered with hair. Palm is thin but completely free of hair with digital pad. Phalanges are short and all fingers have two phalanges. Thumb has only one phalanx.
Conclusions: Human hand structure is evolved for better grip and fine movements of hand providing better functional and artistic capabilities.
Dynamic Chiral Metasurfaces for Broadband Phase‐Gradient Holographic Displays
Authors: Naeem Taimoor , Kim Joohoon , Khaliq Hafiz Saad , Seong Junhwa , Chani Muhammad Tariq Saeed , Tauqeer Tauseef , Mehmood Muhammad Qasim , Massoud Yehia , Rho Junsuk 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNext‐generation holographic displays have promising applications in medical science, augmented/virtual reality, smart security, data encryption, etc. Although metasurfaces emerged as the suitable choice to provide compact holographic displays, multifunctionality in metasurfaces at broadband optical wavelengths is inevitable for the abovementioned applications. Here, a metasurface is demonstrated based on chiral structures to introduce multifunctionality in terms of multiple wavefront information depending upon the polarization of incident light. The proposed metasurface integrated with a liquid crystal (LC) provides fast switching and dynamic optical response at broadband visible wavelengths in transmission mode. To avoid the phase distortion in multiple wavefront information embedded into a single planar metasurface, chiral z‐shaped meta‐atoms are used to provide high diffraction efficiency and phase chirality response for circularly polarized (CP) light illuminations. The phase mask of holographic information is encoded into the metasurface using a combination of dynamic and geometric phase modulation techniques. The experimental validation of the designed metasurface is performed to reproduce the spin‐dependent‐specific information at broadband visible wavelengths for changing the polarization of incident light. This research may pave the way toward designing highly efficient multifunctional metadevices to produce next‐generation holographic displays for promising applications in healthcare, media, smart security, and data encryption.
Tumor deposits in colorectal cancer: Refining their definition in the TNM system
Authors: Ueno Hideki , Nagtegaal Iris D. , Quirke Philip , Sugihara Kenichi , Ajioka Yoichi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTumor deposits (TDs) are discontinuous tumor spread in the mesocolon/mesorectum which is found in approximately 20% of colorectal cancer (CRC) and negatively affects survival. We have a history of repeated revisions on TD definition and categorization in the tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) system leading to stage migration. Since 1997, TDs have been categorized as T or N factors depending on their size (TNM5) or contour (TNM6). In 2009, TNM7 provided the category of N1c for TDs in a case without positive lymph nodes (LNs), which is also used in TNM8. However, increasing evidence suggests that these revisions are suboptimal and only “partially” successful. Specifically, the N1c rule is certainly useful for oncologists who are having difficulty with TDs in a case with no positive LNs. However, it has failed to maximize the value of the TNM system because of the underused prognostic information of individual TDs. Recently, the potential value of an alternative staging method has been highlighted in several studies using the “counting method.” For this method, all nodular type TDs are individually counted together with positive LNs to derive the final pN, yielding a prognostic and diagnostic value that is superior to existing TNM systems. The TNM system has long stuck to the origin of TDs in providing its categorization, but it is time to make way for alternative options and initiate an international discussion on optimal treatment of TDs in tumor staging; otherwise, a proportion of patients end up missing an opportunity to receive the optimal adjuvant treatment.
De‐Linker‐Enabled Exceptional Volumetric Acetylene Storage Capacity and Benchmark C2H2/C2H4and C2H2/CO2Separations in Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Wang Jia‐Wen , Fan Shu‐Cong , Li Hai‐Peng , Bu Xianhui , Xue Ying‐Ying , Zhai Quan‐Guo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAn ideal adsorbent for separation requires optimizing both storage capacity and selectivity, but maximizing both or achieving a desired balance remain challenging. Herein, a de‐linker strategy is proposed to address this issue for metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Broadly speaking, the de‐linker idea targets a class of materials that may be viewed as being intermediate between zeolites and MOFs. Its feasibility is shown here by a series of ultra‐microporous MOFs (SNNU‐98‐M, M=Mn, Co, Ni, Zn). SNNU‐98 exhibit high volumetric C2H2uptake capacity under low and ambient pressures (175.3 cm3 cm−3@ 0.1 bar, 222.9 cm3 cm−3@ 1 bar, 298 K), as well as extraordinary selectivity (2405.7 for C2H2/C2H4, 22.7 for C2H2/CO2). Remarkably, SNNU‐98‐Mn can efficiently separate C2H2from C2H2/CO2and C2H2/C2H4mixtures with a benchmark C2H2/C2H4(1/99) breakthrough time of 2325 min g−1, and produce 99.9999 % C2H4with a productivity up to 64.6 mmol g−1, surpassing values of reported MOF adsorbents.
Recurrent sideroblastic anemia during pregnancy
Authors: Mohamed Shehab , Ibrahim Firyal , Alasafar Mohamad Najib , Alshurafa Awni , Akiki Susanna , Soliman Dina , Kohla Samah , Amer Aliaa , Qasim Hana , Cherif Honar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSideroblastic anemia is a heterogeneous group of disorders typified by the presence of ring sideroblasts in the bone marrow and has congenital and acquired types. Sideroblastic anemia is a rare event in pregnancy. We report a case of a 32‐year‐old female patient, gravida 4 para 3, 27th weeks pregnant, who presented to the emergency department complaining of palpitation and generalized weakness for 2 weeks. She was found to have severe normochromic normocytic anemia, with hemoglobin of 4.2 g/dl, and low reticulocytes count of 13 × 103/μl. She gave a history of recurrent anemia, which had only occurred during pregnancy. Her bone marrow aspirate showed many ring sideroblasts concluding the diagnosis of sideroblastic anemia (SA). Further investigation revealed a significantly low pyridoxine level (vitamin B6) of (8 nmol/L). The Hb level improved with vitamin B6 replacement, without any transfusion support.
Relapsed mantle cell lymphoma presenting with lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia: A case report
Authors: Carson Lucy , Johnston Andrew , Follows George A. , Santarsieri Anna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLactic acidosis and hypoglycemia are rare presentations of malignancy with a poor prognosis. We present the case of a mantle cell lymphoma patient who relapsed with lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia. Although blood glucose, pH, and lactate normalized following chemotherapy and intensive care support, the patient died from ventilator‐associated pneumonia.
Total Synthesis of Starfish Cyclic Steroid Glycosides. Part 2, Model Synthesis via Intramolecular Etherification
Authors: Chen Youxi , Xiao Guozhi , Zhu Dapeng , Yu Biao 
Published: January 2023

Comprehensive SummarySepositoside A (1) is a prototypical cyclic steroid glycoside bearing a hybrid 16‐membered ring composed of the steroid skeleton and a 1,2‐trans‐linked trisaccharide. Herein, we report an expedient access toward two simplified analogues, in which the strained 16‐membered ring is constructed via Au(I)‐catalyzed intramolecular addition of alcohol to epoxide. A similar macroetherification in relevant steroid trisaccharides has been intensively examined, however, failed to furnish the macrocyclic skeleton of Sepositoside A.
Marine predator algorithm with elite strategies for engineering design problems
Authors: Aydemir Salih Berkan , Kutlu Onay Funda 
Published: January 2023

SummaryMarine predator algorithm (MPA) is a powerful metaheuristic optimization algorithm that shows effective convergence ability on complex benchmark functions. The combination of Brownian and Levy flight distributions directly affects the convergence strategy of MPA. Although MPA has good convergence performance, it is open to improvement as it falls to a local optimum and cannot comprehensively scan the search area during the exploration phase. In this study, MPA has been improved by integrating elite natural evolution and elite random mutation strategies. In addition, these two strategies are combined with Gaussian mutation. The proposed method in this study which is named as elite evolution strategy MPA (EEMPA) has achieved comprehensive scanning of the solution space and considerably reduced the risk of falling into the local optimum trap, with elite strategies. The effect of EEMPA has been tested with the CEC2017 and CEC2019 benchmark functions. EEMPA has been compared with some metaheuristic algorithms frequently used in the literature and gives promising results among the considered optimization methods. Furthermore, EEMPA has been examined for seven well‐known real world engineering problems. When the results are compared with both classical MPA and enhanced MPA methods, EEMPA converges to better than the other methods.
Tri‐trophic interactions among Fopius arisanus, Tephritid species and host plants suggest apparent competition
Authors: Moquet Laura , Jobart Benoit , Fontaine Romuald , Delatte Hélène 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhen several polyphagous herbivore species share a parasitoid, the tri‐trophic interaction networks can be difficult to predict. In addition to direct effects, the parasitoid may influence the herbivore community by mediating indirect interactions among hosts. The plant species can also modulate the parasitoid preference for a specific host. One of the indirect effects is apparent competition, a negative interaction between individuals as a result of the action of shared natural enemies. Here, we focus on the interactions between the parasitoid Fopius arisanus (Braconidae) and two generalist fruit fly pests: Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera zonata (Tephritidae). This parasitoid was introduced into La Réunion in 2003 to control populations of B. zonata and can also interact with B. dorsalis since its invasion in 2017. Our main objective is to characterize the tri‐trophic interactions between F. arisanus, fruit fly and host plant species. We developed a long‐term field database of fruit collected before and after the parasitoid introduction and after the B. dorsalis invasion in order to compare parasitism rate and fruit fly infestation for the different periods. In laboratory assays, we investigated how the combination of fruit fly species and fruit can influence the preference of F. arisanus. In the field, before the invasion of B. dorsalis, the parasitism rate of F. arisanus was low and had a little impact on the fruit fly infestation rate. After the B. dorsalis invasion, we observed an increase in parasitism rate from 5% to 17%. A bioassay showed that females of F. arisanus could discriminate between eggs of different fruit fly and host plant species. The host plant species preference changed in relation to the fruit fly species inoculated. Field observations and laboratory experiments suggest the possible existence of apparent competition between B. dorsalis and B. zonata via F. arisanus.
Food web structure and microenvironment affect Chagas disease vector infection and abundance in a rural landscape
Authors: Varian Christina P. , Saldaña Azael , Calzada Jose E. , Abad‐Franch Fernando , Kieran Troy J. , Padukone Anchal , Peterson Jennifer K. , Gottdenker Nicole L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVector‐borne pathogen transmission is shaped by multiple abiotic and biotic factors. Understanding the relative importance of these factors on vector abundance and infection is important for developing vector‐borne disease control strategies. The crown of the Attalea butyracea palm provides a natural arboreal mesocosm suitable for studying how food web relations and microclimate affect Chagas disease vectors of the genus Rhodnius, which feed on vertebrate blood and interact with many vertebrate and invertebrate species, vegetation, and detritus within the palm crown. We performed a cross‐sectional, observational study of A. butyracea crowns using a community ecology network approach to evaluate abiotic and biotic conditions associated with Rhodnius pallescens abundance and infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, the Chagas disease etiologic agent. We collected 1098 R. pallescens from 105 A. butyracea crowns in rural landscapes of Panama. In a palm subset (N = 49), we recorded microclimate and habitat conditions and counted vertebrate and invertebrate species in order to characterize palm crown food webs. We used food web metrics, namely Generality (average number of prey per predator) and Vulnerability (average number of predators per prey) to evaluate associations between palm community trophic structure, vector predators, vector blood meal species composition, vector abundance, and vector T. cruzi infection. Field data analyzed with generalized linear models showed that vector abundance and infection in a given palm crown were influenced by a combination of geographic location, land‐use type, palm crown animal community composition, and microhabitat conditions. Vector abundance was negatively associated with increased overall palm crown community diversity. However, vector abundance was positively associated with the invertebrate predator and mammal community. R. pallescens Vulnerability score, which measures predation pressure on the vector within the palm crown, was positively associated with vector abundance. Vector infection with T. cruzi was positively associated with mammal presence; vectors in palms with mammals were about 25 times more likely to be infected with T. cruzi compared with vectors in palms without mammals. Our findings suggest that a holistic study of food webs and environmental variables at the local scale can provide useful information for vector‐borne disease management across a wide habitat range.
Adaptive optimized fractional order control of doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbine using disturbance observer
Authors: Veisi Amir , Delavari Hadi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWind energy systems are pollution free and clean form of the renewable energy production. The dynamic model of a wind turbine system based on a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is exposed to external disturbances, uncertainties, and nonlinear dynamics. In this paper to ensure the system robustness against external disturbance and uncertainty in system parameters, a novel optimized fractional order robust adaptive sliding mode controller is proposed by utilizing a disturbance observer. The controller's main goal is to track the maximum power point of the wind turbine. In order to show the superiority of the proposed method, the results under normal conditions and in the presence of disturbance and uncertainty have been compared with the classical sliding mode control (SMC) and adaptive sliding mode control (ASMC). The parameters of all three controllers have been optimized by ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm. The proposed method does not need the knowledge of the upper bounds of model uncertainty and disturbance. Also by using the fractional order operators in the control signal of the proposed method, its robustness against model uncertainty and disturbance is increased and it can extract the maximum power than the other compared methods.
Delirium is significantly associated with hospital frailty risk score derived from administrative data
Authors: Lim Zhiying , Ling Natalie , Ho Vanda Wen Teng , Vidhya Nachammai , Chen Matthew Zhixuan , Wong Beatrix Ling Ling , Ng Shu Ee , Murphy Diarmuid , Merchant Reshma Aziz 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesDelirium is highly prevalent in hospitalised older adults, under‐diagnosed and associated with poor outcomes. We aim to determine (i) association of frailty measured using Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) with delirium, (ii) impact of delirium on mortality, 30‐days readmission, extended length of stay (eLOS) and cost (eCOST).MethodsRetrospective cohort study was conducted on 902 older adults ≥75 years discharged from an academic tertiary hospital between March and September 2021. Data was obtained from hospital administrative database.ResultsDelirium was prevalent in 39.1%, 58.1% were female with mean age 85.3 ± 6.2 years. Patients with delirium were significantly older, had higher HFRS, pneumonia, urinary tract infection (UTI), E.coli and Klebsiella infection, constipation, dehydration, stroke and intracranial bleed, with comorbidities including dementia, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and chronic kidney disease. In‐hospital mortality, 30‐days mortality, 30‐days readmission, median LOS and cost was significantly higher. Delirium was significantly associated with at least intermediate frailty (OR = 3.52; CI = 2.48–4.98), dementia (OR = 2.39; CI = 1.61–3.54), UTI (OR = 1.95; CI = 1.29–2.95), constipation (OR = 2.49; CI = 1.43–4.33), Klebsiella infection (OR = 3.06; CI = 1.28–7.30), dehydration (OR = 2.01; CI = 1.40 ‐ 2.88), 30‐day mortality (OR = 2.52; CI = 1.42–4.47), 30‐day readmission (OR = 2.18; CI = 1.36–3.48), eLOS (OR = 1.80; CI = 1.30–2.49) and eCOST (OR = 1.67; CI = 1.20–2.35).ConclusionsDelirium was highly prevalent in older inpatients, and associated with dementia, frailty, increased cost, LOS, 30‐day readmissions and mortality. Hospital Frailty Risk Score had robust association with delirium and can be auto‐populated from electronic medical records. Prospective studies are needed on multicomponent delirium preventive measures in high‐risk groups identified by HFRS in acute care settings.
Baseline red blood cell distribution width and perforin, dynamic levels of interleukin 6 and lactate are predictors of mortality in patients with sepsis
Authors: Li Xin , Yin Zhongnan , Yan Wei , Wang Meng , Xue Lixiang , Zhou Qingtao , Sun Yongchang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundSepsis is a critical illness often encountered in the intensive care unit. However, prognostic biomarkers for sepsis have limited sensitivity. This study aimed to identify more sensitive predictors of mortality through repeated monitoring of laboratory parameters.MethodsPatients with sepsis (Sepsis 3.0 criteria met) were recruited and divided into the survivor and nonsurvivor groups after 28 days. Data on blood biochemistry, lymphocyte subsets, and cytokines were obtained on the first and seventh hospitalization days. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to explore the correlation between these variables and patient mortality.ResultsForty patients with sepsis were included. The mortality rate was 37.5%. Red blood cell distribution width‐standard deviation (RDWSD) (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.107 [95% CI: 1.005–1.219], p = 0.040) and perforin level (HR = 1.001 [95% CI: 1–1.003], p = 0.035) on the first day, as well as lactate (HR = 112.064 [95% CI: 2.192–5729.629], p = 0.019) and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) (HR = 1.005 [95% CI: 1.001–1.008], p = 0.014) levels on the seventh day, were independent risk factors of mortality. If the patients were divided into two groups based on RDWSD (normal: n = 31; increased: n = 9), the Kaplan–Meier curves showed that the group with increased RDWSD had a lower survival (p = 0.025).ConclusionBaseline RDWSD and perforin, along with dynamic IL‐6 and lactate levels, were independent predictors of mortality in patients with sepsis.