bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric properties of the online Satisfaction with Life Scale in university students from a low-income region
Authors: de Almeida Cardoso Antonio Gibran , de Carvalho Millena Vaz , de Almeida Silva Maria Isabela Alves , Franco Alaiana Marinho , Quaresma Fernando Rodrigues Peixoto , Da Silva Maciel Erika , Nascimento-Ferreira Marcus Vinicius 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To test the feasibility, reliability, and validity of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) in an online format in university students from a low-income region.

Methods
This was a psychometric study, involving a study of reliability (n = 117) and validity (n = 195) in university students from a region with a Gini index of 0.56. The scale was applied at two time points with an interval of 2 weeks. This scale measures satisfaction with life based on five statements and responses ranging from 1 to 7 (strongly disagree to strongly agree). We conducted the reliability assessment using temporal stability and internal consistency and construct validity assessment by internal structure solution.

Results
All SWLS items showed acceptable (rho > 0.30) and significant (p < 0.05) temporal stability and acceptable internal consistency (alpha > 0.70). In construct validity (internal structure), we identified a factor with an explained variance of 59.0% in the exploratory factor analysis. Additionally, in the confirmatory factor analysis, we identified a one-factor structure solution for SWLS with an acceptable model fitting (chi-square/degrees of freedom [X2/df] = 6.53; Tucker–Lewis Index [TLI] = 0.991; Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = 0.996; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.040; standardized root mean-squared residual [SRMR] = 0.026).

Conclusion
The Satisfaction with Life Scale, in the online format, is a reliable and valid tool for university students in a low-income context.
Malaria vaccines: the 60-year journey of hope and final success—lessons learned and future prospects
Authors: El-Moamly Amal A. , El-Sweify Mohamed A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The world has made great strides towards beating malaria, although about half of the world population is still exposed to the risk of contracting malaria. Developing an effective malaria vaccine was a huge challenge for medical science. In 2021 the World Health Organization (WHO) approved the first malaria vaccine, RTS,S/AS01 vaccine (Mosquirix™), for widespread use.

Main abstract body
This review highlights the history of development, and the different approaches and types of malaria vaccines, and the literature to date. It covers the developmental stages of RTS,S/AS01 and recommends steps for its deployment. The review explores other potential vaccine candidates and their status, and suggests options for their further development. It also recommends future roles for vaccines in eradicating malaria. Questions remain on how RTS,S vaccine will work in widespread use and how it can best be utilized to benefit vulnerable communities.

Conclusion
Malaria vaccines have been in development for almost 60 years. The RTS,S/AS01 vaccine has now been approved, but cannot be a stand-alone solution. Development should continue on promising candidates such as R21, PfSPZ and P. vivax vaccines. Multi-component vaccines may be a useful addition to other malaria control techniques in achieving eradication of malaria.
Impact of health systems reform on COVID-19 control in Sierra Leone: a case study
Authors: Jones-Konneh Tracey Elizabeth Claire , Kaikai Angella Isata , Bah Ibrahim Borbor , Nonaka Daisuke , Takeuchi Rie , Kobayashi Jun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
There are various impacts of COVID-19 on health systems of the world. The health systems of low- and middle-income countries are less developed. Therefore, they have greater tendencies to experience challenges and vulnerabilities in COVID-19 control compared to high-income countries. It is important to contain the spread of the virus, and likewise strengthen the capacity of health systems in order for the response to be effective and swift. The experience from 2014 to 2016 Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone served as preparation for COVID-19 outbreak. The aim of this study is to determine how control of COVID-19 outbreak in Sierra Leone was enhanced by the lessons learned from 2014 to 2016 Ebola outbreak, and health systems reform.

Methods
We used data from a qualitative case study conducted in four districts in Sierra Leone through key informant interviews, focus group discussions, document, and archive record reviews. A total of 32 key informant interviews and 14 focus group discussions were conducted. A thematic analysis was used to analyze the data, and all transcripts were coded and analyzed with the aid of ATLAS.ti 9 software program.

Results
The six themes obtained were composed of categories that connect with each other and with codes to form networks. The analysis of the responses demonstrated that “Multisectoral Leadership and Cooperation”, “Government Collaboration among International Partners”, and “Awareness in the Community” were among the key interventions used during the control of 2014–2016 Ebola virus disease outbreak, which were applied in the control of COVID-19. An infectious disease outbreak control model was proposed based on the results obtained from the analysis of the lessons learned during the Ebola virus disease outbreak, and health systems reform.

Conclusions
“Multisectoral Leadership and Cooperation”, “Government Collaboration among International Partners” and “Awareness in the Community” are key strategies that enhanced the control of the COVID-19 outbreak in Sierra Leone. It is recommended that they are implemented in controlling COVID-19 pandemic or any other infectious disease outbreak. The proposed model can be used in controlling infectious disease outbreaks, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Further research is needed to validate the usefulness of these interventions in overcoming an infectious disease outbreak.
Structural equation model of coping and life satisfaction of community-dwelling older people during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lalani Nasreen , Dongjuan Xu , Cai Yun , Arling Greg W. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 put older individuals at high risk for morbidity and mortality, isolation, reduced coping, and lower satisfaction with life. Many older adults experienced social isolation, fear, and anxiety. We hypothesized that successful coping with these stressors would maintain or improve satisfaction with life, a crucial psychological outcome during the pandemic. Our study investigated relationships between older people’s coping and life satisfaction during the pandemic and their optimism, sense of mastery, closeness with spouse, family, and friends, and vulnerabilities from frailty, comorbid diseases, memory problems, and dependencies in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL).

Methods
The study was based on a special COVID-19 sample of 1351 community-dwelling older adults who participated in the 2020 Health and Retirement Survey. A comprehensive structural equation modeling was used to test direct and indirect effects, with life satisfaction as the main outcome and coping as a mediator between the other variables and coping.

Results
Most survey respondents were female and between the ages of 65–74 years. They averaged 1.7 chronic conditions, one in seven was frail, about one-third rated their memory as fair or poor, and about one in seven reported one or more difficulties in IADL. As hypothesized—older people with increased sense of mastery and optimism were better able to cope and had greater life satisfaction. In addition, close relationships with friends and with other family members besides the spouse/partner or children contributed to more successful coping, while the interpersonal closeness of all types contributed directly to greater life satisfaction. Finally, older people with more IADL limitations reported greater difficulty coping and lower life satisfaction, and those older people who were frail or had multiple comorbid diseases reported lower life satisfaction.

Conclusions
Optimism, sense of mastery and closeness with family/friends promotes coping and life satisfaction, whereas frailty and comorbidities make coping more challenging and lead to lower life satisfaction particularly during a pandemic. Our study improves on prior research because of its nationally representative sample and formal specification and testing of a comprehensive theoretical framework.
Concomitant prednisone may alleviate methotrexate side-effects in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: van der Leeuw Matthijs S. , Tekstra Janneke , van Laar Jacob M. , Welsing Paco M. J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate whether addition of low-moderate dose prednisone to methotrexate (MTX) treatment can alleviate common MTX side-effects in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

Methods
We performed a post-hoc analysis of the CAMERA-II trial which randomized (1:1) 236 early DMARD and prednisone naive RA patients to treatment with MTX + prednisone 10 mg daily, or MTX monotherapy during two years. MTX dose was increased using a treat-to-target approach. We used Generalized Estimating Equations to model the occurrence of common MTX side-effects and of any adverse event over time, controlling for disease activity and MTX dose over time and other possible predictors of adverse events. To assess whether a possible effect was prednisone-specific, we performed the same analysis in the U-ACT-EARLY trial, in which the addition of tocilizumab (TCZ) to MTX was compared to MTX monotherapy in a comparable setting.

Results
MTX side-effects were reported at 5.9% of visits in the prednisone-MTX group, compared to 11.2% in the MTX monotherapy group. After controlling for MTX dose and disease activity over time, treatment duration, age, sex, and baseline transaminase levels, addition of prednisone significantly decreased the occurrence of MTX side-effects (OR: 0.54, CI: 0.38–0.77, p = 0.001). Specifically, the occurrence of nausea (OR 0.46, CI: 0.26–0.83,  p = 0.009)) and elevated ALT/AST (OR 0.29, CI: 0.17–0.49, p  < 0.001) was decreased. There was a trend towards fewer overall adverse events in the prednisone-MTX arm (OR: 0.89, CI: 0.72–1.11, p = 0.30). No difference in MTX side-effects was found between TCZ-MTX and MTX monotherapy in U-ACT-EARLY (OR 1.05, CI: 0.61–1.80, p  = 0.87).

Conclusion
Addition of 10 mg prednisone daily to MTX treatment in RA patients may ameliorate MTX side-effects, specifically nausea and elevated ALT/AST.
Streaming through a case of SREAT
Authors: Das Debarup , Sanghai Rishav , Jana Koustav , Basu Kaushik , Ghosh Joydeep , Sarkar Anupam 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundHashimoto’s encephalopathy, also known as steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT) is an autoimmune neuroendocrine disorder marked by impaired brain function. It is a diagnosis of exclusion with variable nature of presentation and no gold standard investigation of choice.Case presentationHere, we report a case of SREAT in a 26-year-old female who presented to our Emergency Department with altered sensorium and generalised tonic clonic seizures. After thorough clinical examination and initial resuscitation, a provisional diagnosis of neuroglycopenic injury or possible encephalitis was made. Broad-spectrum antibiotics were initiated. Routine investigations and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) study were inconclusive except for neutrophilic leucocytosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) depicted hyper-intense signal changes around bilateral hippocampus and thalamus. Serum anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) was strongly positive while other serum and CSF autoantibodies were within normal limits. A diagnosis of SREAT was made and she responded brilliantly to systemic corticosteroids. Incidentally, anti-SSA (anti-Ro) and anti-SSB (anti-La) were positive and a possible association between Sjogren’s syndrome and SREAT was insinuated.ConclusionThere is a long list of differentials for SREAT and a proper diagnostic criteria must be followed to reach at a conclusion. It can be easily missed and remain underreported due to its overlapping nature and ambiguous presentation. Hence, clinicians must have high index of suspicion for the disease and optimal therapy should be initiated early to improve the long term mortality.
Identification of two Iranian siblings with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: a case report
Authors: Beyzaei Zahra , Moravej Hossein , Imanieh Mohammad Hadi , Inaloo Sorour , Geramizadeh Bita 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder that leads to multisystem involvement. It is caused by mutations in the CYP27A1 gene which encodes the mitochondrial enzyme sterol 27-hydroxylase.

Case presentation
Herein we describe two affected CTX siblings with symptoms including seizures, severe diarrhea (steatorrhea), vomiting, and developmental motor delay, which was initially misdiagnosed as Short-Chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) deficiency. However, to identify the possible genetic cause(s) of the disease, whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed. It was confirmed that these patients carried a nonsense variant (c.808C > T; p.Arg270Ter) of the CYP27A1 gene. The variant in the CYP27A1 gene was classified as pathogenic.

Conclusion
We report rare cases of CTX with a novel mutation and summarize the clinical and molecular pathogenesis of this disease. Genetic analysis should be used as the conclusive method for CTX diagnosis because of the multisystem involvement and the lack of specific symptoms. The variant in these patients expands the molecular and phenotypic basis of a variant in CTX.
Genetic testing and family screening in idiopathic pediatric cardiomyopathy: a prospective observational study from a tertiary care center in North India
Authors: Bhatt Dheeraj D. , Mathews Susi , Ahuja Vanshika , Shamim Uzma , Uppilli Bharathram , Bari Shreya , Kumar Dinesh , Mohammed Faruq 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction
There are limited data on family screening and genetic testing in pediatric cardiomyopathy from India. This study was conducted to describe the morphologic spectrum and identify potential familial and genetic causes of pediatric cardiomyopathies in this region.

Methods
From April 2018 to May 2020, all children from birth to 18 years of age with cardiomyopathy visiting a tertiary care hospital in North India were enrolled in this study. First-degree relatives of index patients were offered screening for cardiomyopathy; 260 clinically reported pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in 17 genes were analyzed by a rapid genotyping method. Additionally, a subset of patients also underwent whole-exome sequencing.

Results
Of the 20 patients enrolled in this study (median age 42 months), 18 were clinically diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy. We observed a 44.4% mortality rate after a median follow-up of 15 months. 61.3% of the eligible first-degree relatives underwent screening, and one patient was identified to have familial cardiomyopathy. Multi-panel gene testing was performed on 18 patients, and none were found to have a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant; 9 patients also underwent whole-exome sequencing, and pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants were identified in 50% (4/8) of them.

Conclusion
Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common morphologic form of pediatric cardiomyopathy in India and has a high mortality rate. The prevalence of familial cardiomyopathy was low in this study. Future studies should evaluate the role of whole-exome sequencing in identifying genetic causes of cardiomyopathy in children.
mTOR signaling and endometrial receptivity in infertile women with intramural uterine leiomyomas
Authors: Makker Annu , Goel Madhu Mati , Nigam Dipti , Makker Isha , Pandey Amita 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Receptive endometrium is a restraining factor in the establishment of pregnancy in several estrogen-dependent gynecological disorders including uterine leiomyomas. Recently, data are beginning to accrue suggesting negative impact of non-cavity distorting intramural fibroids on molecular mediators of endometrial receptivity. The potential importance of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has been suggested during embryo implantation. However, its exact role in fibroid-associated endometrium during the window of implantation is poorly defined. The objective of the study was to examine the expression and cellular distribution of key components of the mTOR signaling pathway during window of implantation in infertile women with non-cavity distorting intramural uterine leiomyomas (n = 24) as compared to fertile controls (n = 17). Relative gene expression analysis of mTOR, TSC1, and TSC2 was performed by real-time PCR. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of mTOR, phospho-mTOR (Serine 2448), TSC1, TSC2, phospho-TSC2 (Threonine 1462), and phospho-S6 ribosomal protein (Serines 235 and 236) and Ki67.

Results
In comparison to fertile controls, statistically significant upregulation of mTOR (8.97-fold; p < 0.001) and downregulation of TSC2 mRNA (− 6.01-fold; p < 0.01) levels and cell-specific upregulation of proteins phospho-mTOR, phospho-TSC2, and phospho-S6 and downregulation of TSC1 and TSC2 were observed in infertile women. The ratio of p-mTOR/mTOR and p-TSC2/TSC2 was significantly higher in infertile women. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed significant negative correlation between p-mTOR and TSC2 and positive correlation between p-mTOR and p-S6 in the infertile group. Increased Ki67 labelling index was observed in the glandular epithelium (GE) and stroma of endometrium from infertile women as compared to controls.

Conclusions
Loss of TSC2 function and enhanced expression of activated mTOR and its downstream targets, observed in the infertile group, indicate heightened mTOR signaling which might contribute to impaired endometrial receptivity. Increased number of Ki67-positive nuclei suggests that enhanced mTOR signaling may help drive dysregulated proliferation of midsecretory endometrium leading to compromised fertility in women with non-cavity distorting intramural uterine leiomyomas. The present findings provide avenues for future investigation of mTOR pathway as a nonsurgical alternative for treatment of infertility in these patients.
Health trajectories of international humanitarian aid workers: growth mixture modelling findings from a prospective cohort study
Authors: de Jong Kaz , Martinmäki Saara. E. , te Brake Hans , Komproe Ivan , Kleber Rolf J. , Haagen Joris F. G. 
Published: May 2023

Background
Most staff stay healthy during humanitarian work, although some worsen. Mean scores on health indicators may be masking individual participants struggling with health issues.

Aims
To investigate different field assignment-related health trajectories among international humanitarian aid workers (iHAWs) and explore the mechanisms used to stay healthy.

Method
Growth mixture modelling analyses for five health indicators using pre-/post-assignment and follow-up data.

Results
Among 609 iHAWs three trajectories (profiles) were found for emotional exhaustion, work engagement, anxiety and depression. For post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, four trajectories were identified. The ‘healthy/normative’ trajectory had the largest sample size for all health indicators (73–86%). A stable (moderate) ‘ill health’ trajectory was identified for all health indicators (7–17%), except anxiety. An ‘improving’ trajectory was found for PTSD and anxiety symptoms (5–14%). A minority of staff (4–15%) worsened on all health indicators. Deterioration continued for PTSD, depressive symptoms and work engagement 2 months post-assignment. A strong sense of coherence was associated with higher odds of belonging to the ‘healthy’ trajectory. Female biological sex was associated with higher odds of belonging to the ‘worsening’ depression and anxiety trajectories. Extended duration of field assignment was related to higher odds of belonging to the ‘worsening’ depressive symptoms trajectory.

Conclusions
Most iHAWs stayed healthy during their assignment; a stable ‘ill health’ trajectory was identified for most health indicators. Sense of coherence is an important mechanism for understanding the health of all iHAWs in the different health trajectories, including the ‘healthy’ profile. These findings give new possibilities to develop activities to prevent worsening health and help strengthen iHAWs’ ability to remain healthy under stress.
Negative symptoms in children and adolescents with early-onset psychosis and at clinical high-risk for psychosis: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Salazar de Pablo Gonzalo , Catalan Ana , Vaquerizo Serrano Julio , Pedruzo Borja , Alameda Luis , Sandroni Veronica , Armendariz Alvaro , Rodriguez Victoria , Arango Celso , Moreno Carmen , Downs Johnny , Abbott Chris , Shin Jae Il , Solmi Marco , Fusar-Poli Paolo , Correll Christoph U. 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundEarly-onset psychosis (EOP) refers to the development of a first episode of psychosis before 18 years of age. Individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) include adolescents and young adults, although most evidence has focused on adults. Negative symptoms are important prognostic indicators in psychosis. However, research focusing on children and adolescents is limited.AimsTo provide meta-analytical evidence and a comprehensive review of the status and advances in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of negative symptoms in children and adolescents with EOP and at CHR-P.MethodPRISMA/MOOSE-compliant systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42022360925) from inception to 18 August 2022, in any language, to identify individual studies conducted in EOP/CHR-P children and adolescents (mean age <18 years) providing findings on negative symptoms. Findings were systematically appraised. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed on the prevalence of negative symptoms, carrying out sensitivity analyses, heterogeneity analyses, publication bias assessment and quality assessment using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.ResultsOf 3289 articles, 133 were included (n = 6776 EOP, mean age 15.3 years (s.d. = 1.6), males = 56.1%; n = 2138 CHR-P, mean age 16.1 years (s.d. = 1.0), males = 48.6%). There were negative symptoms in 60.8% (95% CI 46.4%–75.2%) of the children and adolescents with EOP and 79.6% (95% CI 66.3–92.9%) of those at CHR-P. Prevalence and severity of negative symptoms were associated with poor clinical, functional and intervention outcomes in both groups. Different interventions were piloted, with variable results requiring further replication.ConclusionsNegative symptoms are common in children and adolescents at early stages of psychosis, particularly in those at CHR-P, and are associated with poor outcomes. Future intervention research is required so that evidence-based treatments will become available.