bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modern internet search analytics and thyroidectomy: What are patients asking?
Authors: Suresh Neeraj , Fritz Christian , De Ravin Emma , Rajasekaran Karthik 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesThyroidectomy is among the most commonly performed head and neck surgeries, however, limited existing information is available on topics of interest and concern to patients.Study DesignObservational.SettingOnline.MethodsA search engine optimization tool was utilized to extract metadata on Google‐suggested questions that “People Also Ask” (PAA) pertaining to “thyroidectomy” and “thyroid surgery.” These questions were categorized by Rothwell criteria and topics of interest. The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria enabled quality assessment.ResultsA total of 250 PAA questions were analyzed. Future‐oriented PAA questions describing what to expect during and after the surgery on topics such as postoperative management, risks or complications of surgery, and technical details were significantly less popular among the “thyroid surgery” group (P < 0.001, P = 0.005, and P < 0.001, respectively). PAA questions about scarring and hypocalcemia were nearly threefold more popular than those related to pain (335 and 319 vs. 113 combined search engine response page count, respectively). The overall JAMA quality score remained low (2.50 ± 1.07), despite an increasing number of patients searching for “thyroidectomy” (r(77) = 0.30, P = 0.007).ConclusionsPatients searching for the nonspecific term “thyroid surgery” received a curated collection of PAA questions that were significantly less likely to educate them on what to expect during and after surgery, as compared to patients with higher health literacy who search with the term “thyroidectomy.” This suggests that the content of PAA questions differs based on the presumed health literacy of the internet user.
Generalized chiral instabilities, linking numbers, and non-invertible symmetries
Authors: Yamamoto Naoki , Yokokura Ryo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We demonstrate a universal mechanism of a class of instabilities in infrared regions for massless Abelian p-form gauge theories with topological interactions, which we call generalized chiral instabilities. Such instabilities occur in the presence of initial electric fields for the p-form gauge fields. We show that the dynamically generated magnetic fields tend to decrease the initial electric fields and result in configurations with linking numbers, which can be characterized by non-invertible global symmetries. The so-called chiral plasma instability and instabilities of the axion electrodynamics and (4 + 1)-dimensional Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory in electric fields can be described by the generalized chiral instabilities in a unified manner. We also illustrate this mechanism in the (2+1)-dimensional Goldstone-Maxwell model in electric field.
The New Zealand National Trauma Registry: an essential tool for trauma quality improvement
Authors: Civil Ian , Isles Siobhan , Campbell Alaina , Moore James 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Trauma registries are essential tools for trauma systems and underpin any quality improvement activities. This paper describes the history, function, challenges, and future goals of the New Zealand National Trauma Registry (NZTR).

Methods
Using the available publications and knowledge of the authors, the development, governance, oversight, and usage of the registry is outlined.

Results
The New Zealand Trauma Network has run a national trauma registry since 2015 and this now contains over fifteen thousand major trauma patient records. Annual reports and a range of research outputs have been published. Key quality improvement initiatives have been undertaken and are described. Vulnerabilities include lack of longterm funding and a small workforce.

Conclusions
The NZTR has proven to be a critical component of trauma quality improvement in New Zealand. A user-friendly portal and a simple minimum dataset have been keys to successes but maintenance of an effective structure in a constrained healthcare system is a challenge.
Prevalence of and factors associated with a treatment delay due to the COVID-19 pandemic in patients with gastrointestinal cancer in Europe
Authors: Roderburg Christoph , Loosen Sven H. , Leyh Catherine , Joerdens Markus S. , Mohr Raphael , Luedde Tom , Alymova Svetlana , Klein Isabel , Kostev Karel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Recent studies have raised the issue of delayed cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the extent of delays and cancellations in cancer treatment, screening and diagnosis varied widely by geographic region and study design, highlighting the need for further research.

Methods
We used the Oncology Dynamics (OD) database featuring data from a cross-sectional, partially retrospective survey to analyze treatment delays in 30,171 GI cancer patients from five European countries (Germany, France, UK, Spain, and Italy). Risk factors for treatment delays were identified using multivariable logistic regression models.

Results
Treatment delays were documented in 1342 (4.5%) of the study patients, with most patients having a delay of less than 3 months (3.2%). We observed decisive differences of treatment delay in relation to geographical, healthcare- and patient-related factors. Treatment delay was highest in France (6.7%) and Italy (6.5%) and lowest in Spain (1.9%, p < 0.001). 5.9% of patients treated at general hospitals but only 1.9% of those treated by office-based physicians experienced treatment delays (p < 0.001). Moreover, the difference between lines of therapy was highly significant and ranged from 7.2% for early-stage patients in primary therapy to 2.6% in advanced/metastatic cancer patients receiving 4th or later line therapy (p < 0.001). Finally, the proportion of cases with delayed treatments increased from 3.5% in asymptomatic patients (ECOG 0) to 9.9% in bedridden patients (ECOG IV, p < 0.001). Results were confirmed in multivariable logistic regression models.

Summary
Our data highlight the problem of delayed treatment of tumor patients in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Identified risk factors for delayed treatment, such as poor general health or treatment in smaller hospitals, offer starting points for future concepts of “pandemic preparedness”.
Fitted avatars: automatic skeleton adjustment for self-avatars in virtual reality
Authors: Ponton Jose Luis , Ceballos Víctor , Acosta Lesly , Ríos Alejandro , Monclús Eva , Pelechano Nuria 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the era of the metaverse, self-avatars are gaining popularity, as they can enhance presence and provide embodiment when a user is immersed in Virtual Reality. They are also very important in collaborative Virtual Reality to improve communication through gestures. Whether we are using a complex motion capture solution or a few trackers with inverse kinematics (IK), it is essential to have a good match in size between the avatar and the user, as otherwise mismatches in self-avatar posture could be noticeable for the user. To achieve such a correct match in dimensions, a manual process is often required, with the need for a second person to take measurements of body limbs and introduce them into the system. This process can be time-consuming, and prone to errors. In this paper, we propose an automatic measuring method that simply requires the user to do a small set of exercises while wearing a Head-Mounted Display (HMD), two hand controllers, and three trackers. Our work provides an affordable and quick method to automatically extract user measurements and adjust the virtual humanoid skeleton to the exact dimensions. Our results show that our method can reduce the misalignment produced by the IK system when compared to other solutions that simply apply a uniform scaling to an avatar based on the height of the HMD, and make assumptions about the locations of joints with respect to the trackers.
A large-scale web accessibility analysis considering technology adoption
Authors: Martins Beatriz , Duarte Carlos 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper reports the results of the automated accessibility evaluation of nearly three million web pages. The analysis of the evaluations allowed us to characterize the status of web accessibility. On average, we identified 30 errors per web page, and only a very small number of pages had no accessibility barriers identified. The more frequent problems found were inadequate text contrast and lack of accessible names. Additionally, we identified the technologies present in the websites evaluated, which allowed us to relate web technologies with the accessibility level, as measured by A3, an accessibility metric. Our findings show that most categories of web technologies impact the accessibility of web pages, but that even for those categories that show a negative impact, it is possible to select technologies that improve or do not impair the accessibility of the web content.
Wellbeing Outcomes and Risk and Protective Factors for Parents with Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds from the Middle East in the First 1000 Days: A Systematic Review
Authors: Winter Amelia Kate , Due Clemence , Ziersch Anna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe First 1000 Days (the period from conception to a child’s second birthday) is an important developmental period. However, little is known about experiences of parents with refugee and migrant backgrounds during this period. A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Publications were identified through searches of the Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus databases, critically appraised, and synthesised using thematic analysis. A total of 35 papers met inclusion criteria. Depressive symptomatology was consistently higher than global averages, however maternal depression conceptualisations differed across studies. Several papers reported changes in relationship dynamics as a result of having a baby post-migration. Consistent relationships were found between social and health support and wellbeing. Conceptualisations of wellbeing may differ among migrant families. Limited understanding of health services and relationships with health providers may impede help-seeking. Several research gaps were identified, particularly in relation to the wellbeing of fathers, and of parents of children over 12 months old.
Effective virus-specific T-cell therapy for high-risk SARS-CoV-2 infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: initial case studies and literature review
Authors: Gopcsa László , Réti Marienn , Andrikovics Hajnalka , Bobek Ilona , Bekő Gabriella , Bogyó Judit , Ceglédi Andrea , Dobos Katalin , Giba-Kiss Laura , Jankovics István , Kis Orsolya , Lakatos Botond , Mathiász Dóra , Meggyesi Nóra , Miskolczi Gottfried , Németh Noémi , Paksi Melinda , Riczu Alexandra , Sinkó János , Szabó Bálint , Szilvási Anikó , Szlávik János , Tasnády Szabolcs , Reményi Péter , Vályi-Nagy István 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic
has exacerbated mortality rates among immunocompromised patients, accentuating the need for novel, targeted therapies. Transplant recipients, with their inherent immune vulnerabilities, represent a subgroup at significantly heightened risk. Current conventional therapies often demonstrate limited effectiveness in these patients, calling for innovative treatment approaches. In immunocompromised transplant recipients, several viral infections have been successfully treated by adoptive transfer of virus-specific T-cells (VST). This paper details the successful application of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T-cell therapy, produced by an interferon-γ cytokine capture system (CliniMACS® Prodigy device), in three stem cell transplant recipients diagnosed with COVID-19 (case 1: alpha variant, cases 2 and 3: delta variants). These patients exhibited persistent SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity accompanied by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and demonstrated only partial response to standard treatments. Remarkably, all three patients recovered and achieved viral clearance within 3 to 9 weeks post-VST treatment. Laboratory follow-up investigations identified an increase in SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells in two of the cases. A robust anti-SARS-CoV-2 S (S1/S2) IgG serological response was also recorded, albeit with varying titers. The induction of memory T-cells within the CD4 + compartment was confirmed, and previously elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 levels normalized post-VST therapy. The treatment was well tolerated with no observed adverse effects. While the need for specialized equipment and costs associated with VST therapy present potential challenges, the limited treatment options currently available for COVID-19 within the allogeneic stem cell transplant population, combined with the risk posed by emerging SARS-CoV-2 mutations, underscore the potential of VST therapy in future clinical practice. This therapeutic approach may be particularly beneficial for elderly patients with multiple comorbidities and weakened immune systems.
Crafting Social Integration? Welfare State and Volunteering Across Social Groups and Policy Areas in 23 European Countries
Authors: Ackermann Kathrin , Erhardt Julian , Freitag Markus 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe beneficial role of voluntary work for social integration makes it an important aspect of social cohesion. Thus, there is broad interest in understanding the individual and contextual foundations of volunteering. With regard to the latter, a particular focus is on the role of policies and institutions of the welfare state. They might set incentives for civic engagement and create new scope for voluntary work (crowding-in thesis), but they might also make it redundant (crowding-out thesis). We follow the argument that generous welfare states enable volunteering and assume that two mechanisms are at work. First, they establish a general culture of helping and caring for others in a society (cultural mechanism). Second, they provide those who benefit or potentially benefit from welfare state policies with resources and the abilities to engage in volunteering (resource mechanism). Thus, welfare benefits in specific areas of the welfare state are expected to increase volunteering among members of targeted groups (e.g., the elderly if pensions are high). To test these arguments, our empirical analysis combines country-level data of area-specific welfare benefits with survey data of around 29,000 respondents from 23 countries included in the most recent European Value Survey 2017/2018. We estimate hierarchical regression models with cross-level interactions to test whether particular groups of society are activated by general and area-specific welfare programs to become volunteers. Our findings show that volunteering is generally higher in more generous welfare states, lending support to the crowding-in thesis. Area- and group-specific analyses indicate that the resource mechanism works for some groups but not for all. Pension welfare strengthens volunteering among the retired and the elderly. Unemployment welfare reinforces volunteering among the less educated, but these results are slightly less robust, and we do not find support for higher levels of volunteering among the actually targeted group of unemployed persons.
Repression, Prävention und die Dunkelziffer: Zur geheimen Prostitution und dem unbekannten Ausmaß der syphilitischen „Durchseuchung“ in Berlin im 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Ledebur Sophie 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungIm frühen 19. Jahrhundert rückte die heimliche und sanitätspolizeilich nicht kontrollierbare Ausübung der Prostitution und mit ihr die gefürchteten Ansteckungen mit der Syphilis in den Fokus breiter Aufmerksamkeit. Sowohl seitens der kommunalen Verwaltung als auch der Polizei und Sanitätspolizei ging man davon aus, dass die Zahl der klandestinen Prostituierten ungleich höher sei als die der behördlich registrierten Frauen. Analog dazu meinte man nur von einem Bruchteil des ‚realen‘ Ausmaßes der venerischen Infektionen Kenntnis zu haben. Die „Dunkelziffer“ dieser beiden eng miteinander assoziierten Geschehnisse trieb die Maßnahmen zu deren Aufdeckung und Erfassung vor sich her. Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich zum einen mit der Praxis der legislativen Vorgaben und der polizeilichen Kontrollen der im Geheimen agierenden Frauen wie auch der seit den 1820er-Jahren forcierten Nachverfolgung der Infektionsketten und erster präventiv motivierter gesundheitspolitischer Ansätze. Analysiert wird zum anderen die Wirkmächtigkeit des Postulats der fehlenden Daten. Die unumstößliche Gewissheit von der Existenz der zahlreichen nicht erfassten Fälle und das offensive Ausstellen kaum auslotbarer Bedrohungen waren ein inhärenter Bestandteil sowohl repressiver als auch präventiver Vorgehensweisen im Dickicht urbaner Gefahren.
Micropropagation of iraca palm (Carludovica palmata Ruiz y Pav) using a temporary immersion system
Authors: Minchala-Buestán Nube , Hoyos-Sánchez Rodrigo A. , Correa-Londoño Guillermo A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCarludovica palmata is a Neotropical plant with a promising potential for the agroindustry. It is an important source of fibers used to manufacture handmade goods. Colombia is one of the leading countries in the production of this species; however, it lacks efficient techniques for its propagation. We developed a protocol for massive micropropagation of C. palmata using a temporary immersion bioreactor (TIB) system. Immersion frequency, immersion time, culture medium volume, and explant density were evaluated using a split-split-plot design. The variables evaluated were the number and length of shoots and roots, the number of leaves, and the dry weight of shoots. The performance of three micropropagation systems, TIB, semi-solid medium, and liquid medium, was evaluated using a generalized randomized block design. Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium with 1.0 mg L−1 of 6-benzylaminopurine, 0.5 mg L−1 of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, and 20 g L−1 of sucrose added to it was used. The results obtained show a frequency of 12 h with an immersion time of 1 min improved the length of shoots, roots, and number of leaves, and dry weight. A volume of 20 mL/explant was found to be an adequate condition to increase the number and length of shoots, the number of leaves, and the dry weight. According to the optimization module, the factor levels that will maximize the evaluated variables are a 1-minute immersion of the tissues in the culture medium with a frequency of 12 hours each time, with 175 mL of culture medium per bioreactor and density of 10 explants. In conclusion, TIB was shown to be efficient for massive micropropagation of C. palmata compared with conventional methods.
Statin Intolerance: an Overview of US and International Guidance
Authors: Cheeley Mary Katherine , Clegg Katarina , Lockridge Connor , Schubert Tyler J. , Jones Laney K. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To review recent international and domestic definitions, considerations, and treatment algorithms for statin intolerance, and specifically, statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS).

Recent Findings
Multiple organizations around the world have produced guidance documents to aid clinicians on managing statin intolerance. A common theme resides among all the guidance documents that most patients can tolerate statins. For those patients who cannot, healthcare teams need to evaluate, rechallenge, educate, and ensure adequate reduction of atherogenic lipoproteins.

Summary
Statin therapy remains the cornerstone of lipid-lowering therapies to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and reduce mortality and morbidity. The common theme throughout all these guidance documents is the importance of statin therapy to reduce ASCVD and continual adherence to treatment. Because adverse events occur and inhibit patients from achieving adequate lowering of their atherogenic lipoproteins, trial and rechallenge of statin therapy, as well as addition of non-statin therapies, especially in high-risk patients, is also undisputed. The main differences stem from laboratory monitoring and the classification of the severity of the adverse effect. Future research should focus on consistently diagnosing SAMS so that these patients can be easily identified in the electronic health records.
The Effect of Perioperative Auditory Stimulation with Music on Procedural Pain: A Narrative Review
Authors: Frickmann Fabienne C. S. , Urman Richard D. , Siercks Kaya , Burgermeister Gabriel , Luedi Markus M. , Lersch Friedrich E. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Music therapy has seen increasing applications in various medical fields over the last decades. In the vast range of possibilities through which music can relieve suffering, there is a risk that—given its efficacy—the physiological underpinnings are too little understood. This review provides evidence-based neurobiological concepts for the use of music in perioperative pain management.

Recent Findings
The current neuroscientific literature shows a significant convergence of the pain matrix and neuronal networks of pleasure triggered by music. These functions seem to antagonize each other and can thus be brought to fruition in pain therapy. The encouraging results of fMRI and EEG studies still await full translation of this top-down modulating mechanism into broad clinical practice.

Summary
We embed the current clinical literature in a neurobiological framework. This involves touching on Bayesian “predictive coding” pain theories in broad strokes and outlining functional units in the nociception and pain matrix. These will help to understand clinical findings in the literature summarized in the second part of the review. There are opportunities for perioperative practitioners, including anesthesiologists treating acute pain and anxiety in emergency and perioperative situations, where music could help bring relieve to patients.
Toward Blood-Based Precision Medicine: Identifying Age-Sex-Specific Vascular Biomarker Quantities on Circulating Vascular Cells
Authors: Fang Yingye , Chen Ling , Imoukhuede P. I. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Abnormal angiogenesis is central to vascular disease and cancer, and noninvasive biomarkers of vascular origin are needed to evaluate patients and therapies. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) are often dysregulated in these diseases, making them promising biomarkers, but the need for an invasive biopsy has limited biomarker research on VEGFRs. Here, we pioneer a blood biopsy approach to quantify VEGFR plasma membrane localization on two circulating vascular proxies: circulating endothelial cells (cECs) and circulating progenitor cells (cPCs).

Methods
Using quantitative flow cytometry, we examined VEGFR expression on cECs and cPCs in four age-sex groups: peri/premenopausal females (aged < 50 years), menopausal/postmenopausal females (≥ 50 years), and younger and older males with the same age cut-off (50 years).

Results
cECs in peri/premenopausal females consisted of two VEGFR populations: VEGFR-low (~ 55% of population: population medians ~ 3000 VEGFR1 and 3000 VEGFR2/cell) and VEGFR-high (~ 45%: 138,000 VEGFR1 and 39,000–236,000 VEGFR2/cell), while the menopausal/postmenopausal group only possessed the VEGFR-low cEC population; and 27% of cECs in males exhibited high plasma membrane VEGFR expression (206,000 VEGFR1 and 155,000 VEGFR2/cell). The absence of VEGFR-high cEC subpopulations in menopausal/postmenopausal females suggests that their high-VEGFR cECs are associated with menstruation and could be noninvasive proxies for studying the intersection of age-sex in angiogenesis. VEGFR1 plasma membrane localization in cPCs was detected only in menopausal/postmenopausal females, suggesting a menopause-specific regenerative mechanism.

Conclusions
Overall, our quantitative, noninvasive approach targeting cECs and cPCs has provided the first insights into how sex and age influence VEGFR plasma membrane localization in vascular cells.