bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theory to practice: Pleasure‐Arousal‐Dominance (PAD) theory for architectural color design
Authors: Divers Ellen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDesigners are often called upon to design therapeutic spaces that serve people who are in fragile emotional and/or physical states. While there is considerable guidance on designing for function in these spaces, the evidence‐based guidance on aesthetics is virtually non‐existent, especially when it comes to color. For a long time, the prevailing assumption in these studies, and among the public in general, has been that hues are the drivers of emotional content (e.g., red is exciting and blue is calming) and they have, for the most part, disregarded the distinct emotional connotations of light, dark, and muted versions of a hue. This oversight has led to unfortunate outcomes in the real world. The idea that blue is calming, for instance, has paved the way for brand new state‐of‐the‐art facilities featuring light blue walls that occupants may read as cold and unwelcoming. Designers need a rational, evidence‐based approach that helps them understand what many of them already know intuitively: spaces can be calm and inviting without being blue. After an overview of the design process, this article proposes that Pleasure‐Arousal‐Dominance (PAD) theory may aid designers to better understand that pale and dark (high and low value) colors convey opposites messages related to strength/power (dominance), and that vivid and muted colors (high and low chroma) convey opposite messages about energy/activity level (arousal). Finally, the author illustrates how this thought process might be applied in an architectural design practice.
The Oral Bioavailability and Effect of Various Gastric Conditions on the Pharmacokinetics of Dersimelagon in Healthy Adult Volunteers
Authors: Ogawa Kei , Ide Ryosuke , Belongie Kirstine , Tsuda Minoru , Kawanishi Hiroki , Teng Renli , Ogasawara Akihito 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDersimelagon is a novel orally administered selective agonist for melanocortin receptor 1 being investigated for the treatment of erythropoietic protoporphyria, X‐linked protoporphyria, and diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. In this open‐label, multicenter, randomized, two‐cohort, sequential crossover study, the relative oral bioavailability of two tablet formulations of dersimelagon was evaluated, and the effect of various gastric conditions (from a high‐fat meal, a proton‐pump inhibitor, and an acidic carbonated beverage) on the pharmacokinetics of dersimelagon were assessed in healthy participants (N = 50). Both tablet formulations demonstrated rapid absorption, and the 100‐mg tablets showed a 97% relative oral bioavailability versus 50‐mg tablets. No effect was observed on overall exposure (area under the plasma concentration versus time curve [AUC]) following consumption of a high‐fat meal, and Cmax was higher (22%, 90% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.42) in a fed state compared with fasted conditions. Similarly, overall exposure AUC of dersimelagon was comparable following administration alone or in combination with esomeprazole; however, coadministration of esomeprazole led to a slight decrease in Cmax (fasted: 9%, 90%CI 0.77–1.07; fed: 24%, 90%CI 0.66–0.88) compared with administration of dersimelagon alone. In general, the consumption of an acidic beverage increased time to Cmax regardless of fed or fasted status and decreased overall exposure AUC and Cmax of dersimelagon.
Using Nanocompore to Identify RNA Modifications from Direct RNA Nanopore Sequencing Data
Authors: Mulroney Logan , Birney Ewan , Leonardi Tommaso , Nicassio Francesco 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRNA modifications can alter the behavior of RNA molecules depending on where they are located on the strands. Traditionally, RNA modifications have been detected and characterized by biophysical assays, mass spectrometry, or specific next‐generation sequencing techniques, but are limited to specific modifications or are low throughput. Nanopore is a platform capable of sequencing RNA strands directly, which permits transcriptome‐wide detection of RNA modifications. RNA modifications alter the nanopore raw signal relative to the canonical form of the nucleotide, and several software tools detect these signal alterations. One such tool is Nanocompore, which compares the ionic current features between two different experimental conditions (i.e., with and without RNA modifications) to detect RNA modifications. Nanocompore is not limited to a single type of RNA modification, has a high specificity for detecting RNA modifications, and does not require model training. To use Nanocompore, the following steps are needed: (i) the data must be basecalled and aligned to the reference transcriptome, then the raw ionic current signals are aligned to the sequences and transformed into a Nanocompore‐compatible format; (ii) finally, the statistical testing is conducted on the transformed data and produces a table of p‐value predictions for the positions of the RNA modifications. These steps can be executed with several different methods, and thus we have also included two alternative protocols for running Nanocompore. Once the positions of RNA modifications are determined by Nanocompore, users can investigate their function in various metabolic pathways. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: RNA modification detection by NanocomporeAlternate Protocol 1: RNA modification detection by Nanocompore with f5cAlternate Protocol 2: RNA modification detection by Nanocompore using Nextflow
Preparation of a Convertible Spacer Containing a Disulfide Group for Versatile Functionalization of Oligonucleotides
Authors: Pontarelli Alexander , Liu Jiang Tian , Oh Jung Kwon , Wilds Christopher J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe protocols described in this article provide details regarding the synthesis and characterization of a disulfide containing linker phosphoramidite for terminal functionalization of synthetic oligonucleotides. The linker is first synthesized from 6‐mercaptohexanol in two steps and is incorporated at the 5′ end of short DNA oligonucleotides using automated solid‐phase synthesis. The linker contains a terminal tosylate group which is post‐synthetically displaced by altering the deprotection conditions to yield a variety of functional handles (N3, NH2, OMe, SH) or alternatively, the tosylate can be displaced directly with primary amines such as tert‐butylamine. The linker system is also compatible with RNA oligonucleotides enabling the introduction of various functional handles (N3, NH2). The protocol outlined in this procedure provides access to a versatile linker for the terminal functionalization of oligonucleotides containing a disulfide bond which may serve useful in the synthesis of reduction‐responsive oligonucleotide conjugates. As a proof of concept, in this protocol the linker is used to modify a dT10 oligonucleotide and then conjugated by copper(I)‐mediated azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) to an alkyne‐modified poly(ethylene glycol) which shows concentration dependent release of the oligonucleotide upon treatment with 1,4‐dithiothreitol, a reducing agent. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of disulfide linker phosphoramidite 3Basic Protocol 2: Synthesis, functionalization, and characterization of DNA oligonucleotides containing disulfide linker phosphoramidite 3Basic Protocol 3: Displacement of terminal tosylate functionalized DNA with primary aliphatic aminesBasic Protocol 4: Synthesis of oligonucleotide‐PEG conjugateSupport Protocol: Preparation of PEG‐alkyne
Green finance instruments: Exploring minibonds issuance in Italy
Authors: Cerqueti Roy , Deffains‐Crapsky Catherine , Storani Saverio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the context of green finance, minibonds play a crucial role. This financial instrument was introduced in 2012 as a valid alternative to bank credit for corporate financing, aimed mainly at small and medium‐sized enterprises. Minibonds also represent useful support for implementing the ecological transaction agreed upon in COP 21, held in 2015 in Paris. Indeed, as of 2017, this instrument has been expanded from an environmental perspective by allowing the issuance of green minibonds. This article contributes to the debate on minibonds and the companies issuing them. Specifically, it proposes a cluster analysis approach for comparing the issuance level of minibonds in 2016 and the subsequent performances of the issuing companies in the triennium 2017–2019. Performance is divided into three macrocategories: profitability, productivity, and growth opportunities. The results suggest a nonlinear connection between the variables of interest, showing heterogeneous effects of minibonds on performance. However, the statistical data analysis seems to establish a positive relationship between minibonds' issuance level and companies' performance.
Thermal Effect on Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Toward Highly Solar to Hydrogen Efficiency
Authors: Kim Hwapyong , Seo Joo Won , Chung Wookjin , Narejo Ghulam Mustafa , Koo Sung Wook , Han Ji Su , Yang Jiwoong , Kim Jae‐Yup , In Su‐Il 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen production is an emerging technology that uses renewable solar light aimed to establish a sustainable carbon‐neutral society. The barriers to commercialization are low efficiency and high cost. To date, researchers have focused on materials and systems. However, recent studies have been conducted to utilize thermal effects in PEC hydrogen production. This Review provides a fresh perspective to utilize the thermal effects for PEC performance enhancement while delineating the underlying principles and equations associated with efficiency. The fundamentals of the thermal effect on the PEC system are summarized from various perspectives: kinetics, thermodynamics, and empirical equations. Based on this, materials are classified as plasmonic metals, quantum dot‐based semiconductors, and photothermal organic materials, which have an inherent response to photothermal irradiation. Finally, the economic viability and challenges of these strategies for PEC are explained, which can pave the way for the future progress in the field.
eDNA‐based detection reveals invasion risks of a biofouling bivalve in the world's largest water diversion project
Authors: Xia Zhiqiang , Gu Junnong , Wen Ying , Cao Xinkai , Gao Yangchun , Li Shiguo , Haffner G. Douglas , MacIsaac Hugh J. , Zhan Aibin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) has increasingly been used to detect rare species (e.g., newly introduced nonindigenous species) in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, often with distinct advantages over traditional methods. However, whether water eDNA signals can be used to inform invasion risks remains debatable owing to inherent uncertainties associated with the methods used and the varying conditions among study systems. Here, we sampled eDNA from canals of the central route of the South‐to‐North Water Diversion Project (hereafter SNWDP) in China to investigate eDNA distribution and efficacy to inform invasion risks in a unique lotic system. We first conducted a total of 16 monthly surveys in this system (two sites in the source reservoir and four sites in the main canal) to test if eDNA could be applied to detect an invasive, biofouling bivalve, the golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei. Second, we initiated a one‐time survey in a sub‐canal of the SNWDP using refined sampling (12 sites in ~22 km canal) and considered a few environmental predictors. We found that detection of target eDNA in the main canal was achieved up to 1100 km from the putative source population but was restricted to the warmer months (May–November). Detection probability exhibited a significant positive relationship with average daily minimum air temperature and with water temperature, consistent with the expected spawning season. eDNA concentration in the main canal generally fluctuated across months and sites and was generally higher in warmer months. Golden mussel eDNA concentration in the sub‐canal decreased significantly with distance from the source and with increasing water temperature and became almost undetectable at ~22 km distance. Given the enormity of the SNWDP, golden mussels may eventually expand their distribution in the main canal, with established “bridgehead” populations facilitating further spread. Our findings suggest an elevated invasion risk of golden mussels in the SNWDP in warm months, highlighting the critical period for spread and, possibly, management.
A real‐life pilot study of the clinical application of pharmacogenomics testing on saliva in epilepsy
Authors: Riva Antonella , Roberti Roberta , D'Onofrio Gianluca , Vari Maria Stella , Amadori Elisabetta , De Giorgis Valentina , Cerminara Caterina , Specchio Nicola , Pietrafusa Nicola , Tombini Mario , Assenza Giovanni , Cappanera Silvia , Marini Carla , Rasmini Paolo , Veggiotti Pierangelo , Zara Federico , Russo Emilio , Striano Pasquale 
Published: February 2023

AbstractResponse to antiseizure medications (ASMs) can be influenced by several gene polymorphisms, causing either lower efficacy or higher occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). We investigated the clinical utility of salivary pharmacogenomic testing on epilepsy patients. A commercialized pharmacogenomic salivary test was performed in a cohort of epileptic patients. Genetic variants on five genes (i.e., CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, EPHX1, and ABCB1) involved in common ASMs metabolism were selected. Twenty‐one individuals (median age [Q1–Q3]: 15 [6.5–28] years) were enrolled. Six patients harboring the homozygous *1F allele in CYP1A2 could have reduced chance of response to stiripentol due to fast metabolism. CYP2C9 had reduced activity in 10 patients (alleles *2 and *3), potentially affecting phenytoin (PHT), phenobarbital (PB), primidone, lacosamide (LCM), and valproic acid metabolism. Seven patients, carrying the *2 allele of CYP2C19, had an increased risk of ADRs with clobazam (CLB), PB, PHT, LCM, brivaracetam; while one individual with the *17 allele in heterozygosity reported a CLB fast metabolism. Six patients showed a CC polymorphism of EPHX1 associated with the impaired efficacy of carbamazepine. ABCB1 polymorphisms related to drug‐resistance (3435 CC) or drug‐sensitive phenotype (CT or TT) were found in 6 out of 7 patients. Pharmacogenomic testing on saliva proved easy and safe in clinical practice to convey information for the management of epileptic patients, especially those resistant to treatment or sensitive to severe ADRs.
Design of lithium‐ion battery packs for two‐wheeled electric vehicles
Authors: Javia Dhruval , Tewari Kartik , Budarapu Pattabhi Ramaiah , Natarajan Sundararajan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe design of lithium‐ion battery pack to meet the power requirements of two‐wheeled electric bikes for Indian conditions is studied here. Theoretical calculations are performed based on the technical data collected from various resources in India. In particular, the two‐wheeled “Activa 6G” vehicle is considered for the analysis. Based on the numerical analysis, a relation between cell parameters such as: C‐rate, voltage, capacity, pack configuration, and vehicle dynamics parameters like: weight of the vehicle, payload, travel range per charge, and energy consumption, has been established. Commercial cylindrical cells, namely: 18650, 21 700, and 26 650 are used in all the calculations. The corresponding battery packs are designed considering a range of 100 km. Furthermore, simulations are performed to understand the voltage‐discharge characteristics, state of charge and variation of cell concentration with respect to time as the battery discharges. The studies are extended to analyze the battery thermal management to estimate the degradation and heat generation rate, and hence, the optimum operating parameters, that is, optimal electrode thicknesses and particle size to enhance the endurance. Based on the degradation and heat generation profiles, the life of the battery pack made of 26 650 cells is found to be better as compared to the battery packs made of 18 650 and 21 700 cells. Furthermore, the analysis is extended for battery packs made of 26 650 cells in four different configurations, considering air and mineral oil as the cooling fluids to estimate the maximum temperature and hence degradation characteristics. Tapered configuration is found to be the best configuration among the four, yielding lowest maximum temperature and capacity fading. On the other hand, when mineral oil is used as the cooling fluid in rectangular configuration, the maximum operating temperature is found to be reduced by 4.49 K. However, usage of mineral oil adds to the periodic maintenance and replacement costs.
Understanding the Use of Carbon Credits by Companies: A Review of the Defining Elements of Corporate Climate Claims
Authors: Trouwloon Danick , Streck Charlotte , Chagas Thiago , Martinus Glenpherd 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWorldwide, companies are increasingly making claims about their current climate efforts and their future mitigation commitments. These claims tend to be underpinned by carbon credits issued in voluntary carbon markets to offset emissions. Corporate climate claims are largely unregulated which means that they are often (perceived to be) misleading and deceptive. As such, corporate climate claims risk undermining, rather than contributing to, global climate mitigation. This paper takes as its point of departure the proposition that a better understanding of corporate climate claims is needed to govern such claims in a manner that adequately addresses potential greenwashing risks. To that end, the paper reviews the nascent literature on corporate climate claims relying on the use of voluntary carbon credits. Drawing on the reviewed literature, three key dimensions of corporate climate claims as related to carbon credits are discussed: 1) the intended use of carbon credits: offsetting versus non‐offsetting claims; 2) the framing and meaning of headline terms: net‐zero versus carbon neutral claims; and 3) the status of the claim: future aspirational commitments versus stated achievements. The paper thereby offers a preliminary categorization of corporate climate claims and discusses risks associated with and governance implications for each of these categories.
The characteristics, life problems and clinical management of older adults who self‐harm: Findings from the multicentre study of self‐harm in England
Authors: Patel Anita , Ness Jennifer , Kelly Samantha , Waters Keith , Townsend Ellen , Kapur Navneet , Clements Caroline , Farooq Bushra , Geulayov Galit , Casey Deborah , Hawton Keith 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults have a high risk of suicide following self‐harm. Contemporary information on self‐harm in this population is needed to inform care provision.ObjectivesTo examine subgroup differences in the incidence of self‐harm, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, preceding life problems and outcomes in individuals aged 60 years and over presenting to hospital following self‐harm.MethodData on Emergency Department (ED) presentations for self‐harm from 2003 to 2016 from three centres in the Multicentre Study of Self‐Harm in England were analysed. Changes in self‐harm rates were examined using Poisson regression. Univariable logistic regression was used to investigate factors associated with 12‐month self‐harm repetition.ResultsThere were 3850 presentations for self‐harm by 2684 individuals aged 60 years and over. Self‐harm rates increased over time for 60–74‐year‐old men (Incident Rate Ratio = 1.04, 95% Confidence Interval 1.02–1.06, p < 0.0001). Problems most frequently reported to have preceded self‐harm were mental health (40.5%) and physical health (38.3%) concerns. Problems with alcohol, finances, employment and relationship with partner were found more frequently in 60–74‐year‐olds compared with those aged over 74 years. Physical health problems were common with increasing age, as were problems with alcohol for men. One in ten (10.8%) individuals presented to hospital with self‐harm within 12 months of their index presentation.ConclusionsSelf‐harm‐related ED attendances in older men have increased, particularly for men aged 60–74 years. Prevention and clinical management should involve a comprehensive psychosocial assessment to target common precipitants for the wide range of problems preceding self‐harm and may include support with physical and mental wellbeing and advice on safer alcohol use.
Deception and Distress
Authors: Kaebnick Gregory E. , Haupt Laura 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the lead article in the January‐February 2023 issue of the Hastings Center Report, Abram Brummett and Erica Salter provide a conceptual framework to help physicians think through the ethics of deceiving a patient or someone closely connected to the patient. Brummett and Salter identify four main ethical features of any act of clinical deception and elaborate on how, in a given case, these features together influence the degree to which a deception could be justified. A second article in this issue presents an ethnographic study of the effect of the Covid‐19 pandemic on critical care workers in an intensive care unit. The authors describe a level and form of moral distress that, they argue, goes beyond what the term “moral distress” captures. The authors offer “distressed work” to better mark the broad consequences for care workers’ roles, occupations, and vocations.
The Problem of Clinical Deception and Why We Cannot Begin in the Middle
Authors: Clem Stewart 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this brief commentary, I offer an appreciative yet critical analysis of Abram Brummett and Erica Salter's article, “Mapping the Moral Terrain of Clinical Deception.” I challenge the authors to clarify their choice of the term “deception” (as opposed to “lying” or “dishonesty”), and I explain how these different terms may affect one's moral analysis. I also draw attention to the authors’ claim that veracity is the ethical default of clinicians. I argue that their failure to defend this claim renders their framework more limited in its usefulness than they seem to acknowledge. While their framework does an excellent job of identifying morally salient features of clinical deception, it cannot be used to measure the strength of justification for an act of deception apart from a normative conception of truthfulness.
In Defense of Openness—Genetic Knowledge and Gamete Donation
Authors: Mykitiuk Roxanne 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn Conceiving People: Genetic Knowledge and the Ethics of Sperm and Egg Donation (Oxford University Press, 2021), Daniel Groll argues why people who use donated sperm or eggs to have children ought to use a known donor. His main argument for this position is that a child conceived in this way will have a foreseeable, significant interest in acquiring genetic knowledge. However, Groll addresses issues that are of interest to anyone who thinks about the nature of families and parent‐child relationships. For example, what obligations or responsibilities does a parent have to their child? What makes someone a parent? And what is the significance to one's identity of knowing about one's genetic origins? While a claim about access to genetic knowledge lies at the heart of Groll's book, he is all too aware of the social forces that influence people to care about their genetic origins. His prescriptions, ultimately, reflect this reality.