bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of viscous soluble dietary fiber on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized clinical trials
Authors: Lu Kun , Yu Tingqing , Cao Xinyi , Xia Hui , Wang Shaokang , Sun Guiju , Chen Liang , Liao Wang 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThe effect of viscous soluble dietary fiber on glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains controversial, and the dose–response relationship of its effect on blood glucose and blood lipid level is still unclear.MethodsWe conducted comprehensive searches in several databases up to 17 January 2023. We conducted a dose–response analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate the effect of viscous dietary fiber on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with T2DM.ResultsStatistical significance was observed in the decreases of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (mean difference) [MD = −0.47; 95%CI: (−0.66, −0.27)], fasting blood glucose (FBG) [MD = −0.93; 95%CI: (−1.46, −0.41)], total cholesterol (TC) [MD = −0.33; 95%CI: (−0.46, −0.21)], and low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol (LDL-C) [MD = −0.24; 95%CI: (−0.35, −0.13)]. Contrarily, no difference was observed regarding the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or triglyceride (TG). In addition, the effect on fasting insulin remains unclear. Results from the subgroup analyses showed that an intervention duration longer than 6 weeks had a significant effect on the HbA1c level; a treatment dosage higher than 8.3 g/day had a significant effect on the FBG level.ConclusionsSupplementation of viscous dietary fiber is beneficial to control blood glucose and blood lipid in T2DM.
Clinical utility of the pan-immune-inflammation value in breast cancer patients
Authors: Qi Xiaoyan , Qiao Boyang , Song Tingting , Huang Dan , Zhang Hui , Liu Yang , Jin Qi , Yang Ming , Liu Delong 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThe newly discovered pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) has been illustrated to have good prognostic value for cancer patient prognosis. However, the prognostic usefulness of PIV in breast cancer patients is unknown. As a result, to aid the clinic in providing a distinctive and trustworthy biomarker to better assess breast cancer patient’s prognosis, we conducted this meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between PIV and the survival of breast cancer patients.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the CNKI databases to screen for eligible studies published up to April 2023. Outcomes included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and pathological complete response (pCR). The hazard ratio (HR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as the indicators. STATA 15.0 software was used to perform meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias analysis.ResultsA total of eight articles, involving 2953 patients, met the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that patients with higher PIV levels had a significantly shorter OS (HR: 2.045, 95% CI: 1.355-3.086, P = 0.001) and PFS (HR: 1.466, 95% CI: 1.163-1.848, P = 0.001). Besides, the PIV value was negatively correlated with the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Sensitivity analysis showed that the results of this study were reliable and stable.ConclusionsPIV has a good prognostic value in breast cancer patients and is expected to be a prognostic biomarker for breast cancer.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of zolbetuximab plus mFOLFOX6 as the first-line treatment for CLDN18.2-positive, HER2-negative advanced gastric or Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Huang Yufan , You Maojin , Wu Qundan , Chen Ruijia 
Published: August 2023

Background: The SPOTLIGHT trial demonstrated that zolbetuximab plus mFOLFOX6 (ZOL-FO) as a first-line regimen compared with placebo plus mFOLFOX6 (PLB-FO) conferred clinical benefits to patients with CLDN18.2-positive, HER2-negative advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma. However, due to the high cost of zolbetuximab, whether ZOL-FO is cost-effective compared with PLB-FO is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of ZOL-FO as a first-line treatment option for CLDN18.2-positive, HER2-negative advanced G/GEJ adenocarcinoma from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system.Methods: Markov models with three different health states were developed to assess the cost-effectiveness of ZOL-FO as a first-line treatment option for CLDN18.2-positive, HER2-negative advanced G/GEJ adenocarcinoma. Clinical efficacy data were obtained from the SPOTLIGHT trial; the drug’s cost was calculated at national bid prices, and other costs and utility values were obtained from the published literature. Outcomes included total costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). The model’s robustness was verified using one-way sensitivity and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.Results: The ZOL-FO group gained 1.64 QALYs at $87,746.35, while the PLB-FO group gained 1.23 QALYs at $11,947.81. The ICER for ZOL-FO versus PLB-FO was $185,353.28 per QALY gained. The parameters exerting an important impact on the model results were the price of zolbetuximab, body surface area, and progression-free survival utility. At a willingness-to-pay threshold of $38,201/QALY, ZOL-FO had a 0% probability of cost-effectiveness compared with PLB-FO.Conclusion: From the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system, ZOL-FO is unlikely to be cost-effective as the first-line treatment option for CLDN18.2-positive, HER2-negative advanced G/GEJ adenocarcinoma.
Spider vs. guns: expectancy and attention biases to phylogenetic threat do not extend to ontogenetic threat
Authors: Abado Elinor , Aue Tatjana , Okon-Singer Hadas 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionAttention bias plays an important role in specific fears and phobias. Previous studies revealed that a-priori expectancies affect attention toward neutral stimuli but not threatening stimuli. The aim of the current study was to test whether this selective influence of expectancies on attention is specific to phylogenetic threat (i.e., spiders) or whether it can be generalized to ontogenetic threat (i.e., guns). Correspondingly, we directly compared expectancy effects on attentional allocation to phylogenetically vs. ontogenetically threatening stimuli.MethodExpectancies were manipulated by presenting a cue indicating the likelihood of the appearance of a deviant picture in a visual search array. The array included eight distractors and one neutral (phone/bird) or threatening (gun/spider) deviant picture. In a comprehensive design, we examined the effects of stimulus type (phylogenetic/ontogenetic) and visual background (white and sterile/complex and ecological). Individual differences such as intolerance of uncertainty and spider fear were also measured.ResultsResults showed that attention bias toward spiders does not extend to threatening ontogenetic stimuli (i.e., guns). Our previous findings on attention bias toward spiders were replicated and a small to medium positive correlation was found between reaction time to bird targets and pre-existing fear of spider levels. Cues were used to detect threatening as well as neutral targets on both background types, except for spider targets on a complex background, replicating previous results. A small to medium positive correlation was also found between fear of spiders and intolerance of uncertainty.DiscussionTogether, these results suggest that expectancy and attentional processes may differ between ontogenetic and phylogenetic threat. Importantly, the effects of expectancy on attentional allocation depend on an interaction between the type of threat (ontogenetic/phylogenetic), visual factors, and individual differences.
Effects of executive functions on consecutive interpreting for Chinese-Japanese unbalanced bilinguals
Authors: Song Qichao , Song Ting , Fei Xiaodong 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionPrevious research on performance in interpreting has focused primarily on the influence of interpreting experience on executive functions, such as shifting, updating, and inhibition. However, limited research has explored the effects of executive functions on performance. Understanding how different executive functions affect interpreting performance can provide valuable insights for teaching methods. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the effects of executive functions on comprehension and output performance during bidirectional consecutive interpreting between Chinese and Japanese.MethodsThis study involved 48 Chinese advanced Japanese language learners. Self-assessment results indicated that all participants were unbalanced bilingual individuals. All participants took part in consecutive interpreting, completed comprehension tests, and underwent executive function tests. Executive functions were assessed using the color–shape switching task, 1–back task, and Stroop task.ResultsAnalysis using Bayesian linear regression revealed the following. (1) Updating exhibited a significant impact on both Japanese-to-Chinese and Chinese-to-Japanese interpreting, indicating that higher updating ability was associated with better interpreting performance. (2) Inhibition showed a significant effect on Japanese-to-Chinese interpreting performance, whereas the effect was not significant in Chinese-to-Japanese interpreting. (3) No significant effects of shifting were observed in either Japanese-to-Chinese or Chinese-to-Japanese interpreting.DiscussionThe results indicate that executive functions have different effects on the interpreting performance of unbalanced bilinguals, while these effects are also influenced by the direction of the source language. Based on these findings, it is recommended that executive function training should be included in interpreter teaching and training programs, with a specific focus on the updating and inhibition functions.
Abnormal temporal variability of rich-club organization in three major psychiatric conditions
Authors: Niu Meng , Guo Hanning , Zhang Zhe , Fu Yu 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionConvergent evidence has demonstrated a shared rich-club reorganization across multiple major psychiatric conditions. However, previous studies assessing altered functional couplings between rich-club regions have typically focused on the mean time series from entire functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning session, neglecting their time-varying properties.MethodsIn this study, we aim to explore the common and/or unique alterations in the temporal variability of rich-club organization among schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We employed a temporal rich-club (TRC) approach to quantitatively assess the propensity of well-connected nodes to form simultaneous and stable structures in a temporal network derived from resting-state fMRI data of 156 patients with major psychiatric disorders (SZ/BD/ADHD = 71/45/40) and 172 healthy controls. We executed the TRC workflow at both whole-brain and subnetwork scales across varying network sparsity, sliding window strategies, lengths and steps of sliding windows, and durations of TRC coefficients.ResultsThe SZ and BD groups displayed significantly decreased TRC coefficients compared to corresponding HC groups at the whole-brain scale and in most subnetworks. In contrast, the ADHD group exhibited reduced TRC coefficients in longer durations, as opposed to shorter durations, which markedly differs from the SZ and BD groups. These findings reveal both transdiagnostic and illness-specific patterns in temporal variability of rich-club organization across SZ, BD, and ADHD.DiscussionTRC may serve as an effective metric for detecting brain network disruptions in particular states, offering novel insights and potential biomarkers into the neurobiological basis underpinning the behavioral and cognitive deficits observed in these disorders.
Influence of medical humanization on patients’ attribution in negative medical situations with communication as the mediator: a questionnaire study
Authors: Wang Peijuan , Wang Yao , Wu Qing , Su Fan , Chang Xin 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundPatients’ attribution in negative medical situations plays a vital role in reducing medical conflicts and developing high-quality healthcare. The purpose of this study was to investigate the triadic relations among patients’ attribution, medical humanization and communication. Furthermore, the mediating effect of communication was tested.MethodsA cross-sectional study on the relationship between patients’ attribution in negative medical situations and medical staff’s humanization and communication was conducted, with 3,000 participants totally from 103 hospitals of three different levels in different regions.ResultsThere were significant positive correlations among medical staff’s humanization, communication and patients’ attributional styles (r = 0.112–0.236, p &lt; 0.001 for all). Medical humanization had direct predictive effects on patients’ attributional style in negative medical situations (β = 0.14, p &lt; 0.01). Mediation analysis also indicated the indirect predictive effect of medical humanization on patients’ attributions through communication (β = 0.02, p &lt; 0.01).ConclusionPatients’ attribution in negative medical situations is predicted by patients’ perception of medical staff’s humanization in healthcare and physicians’ communication skills. Medical humanization not only affects patients’ attributions in negative situations directly, but also influences patients’ attributions via communication indirectly. The humanistic care should be included in medical education for healthcare professionals, and professional training on medical staff’s humanization and communication skills is strongly needed to establish healthy and harmonious doctor–patient relationship.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of first-line serplulimab combined with chemotherapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer
Authors: Liang Xueyan , Chen Xiaoyu , Li Huijuan , Li Yan 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundFor patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), serplulimab plus chemotherapy is beneficial as the first-line treatment. It is uncertain whether serplulimab plus chemotherapy will be more cost-effective. The aim of this study was to evaluate from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system to assess the cost-effectiveness of serplulimab plus chemotherapy for patients with ES-SCLC.Materials and methodsThis study employed a partitioned survival model. Patients in the model were selected from ASTRUM-005 for their clinical characteristics and outcomes. In order to assess the robustness of the model, we conducted deterministic one-way sensitivity analyzes as well as probabilistic sensitivity analyzes. Subgroup analyzes were also conducted. Costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), life-years, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), incremental net health benefits (INHB), and incremental net monetary benefits (INMB) were analyzed.ResultsBased on the base-case analysis, serplulimab plus chemotherapy contributed to an increase in 0.826 life-years and 0.436 QALYs; an incremental cost of $52,331, yielded ICER of $120,149/QALY. Based on the willingness to pay (WTP) threshold of $37,669/QALY and $86,569/QALY, the INHB was −0.954 QALYs and − 0.169 QALYs and the INMB was -$35,924 and -$14,626, respectively. Based on the probabilistic sensitivity analysis results, serplulimab plus chemotherapy was unlikely to be cost-effective at a WTP threshold of $37,669/QALY and $86,569/QALY. One-way sensitivity analysis indicated that cost of serplulimab and body weight had the greatest impact on the model. Serplulimab plus chemotherapy could be cost-effective at a WTP threshold of $86,569/QALY when the cost of serplulimab was less than $5.24/mg or when the weight of the patient was less than 40.96 kg. Regardless of the WTP threshold at $37,669/QALY or $86,569. Serplulimab plus chemotherapy was not cost-effective in all subgroups.ConclusionSerplulimab plus chemotherapy was not cost-effective, despite having a prior clinical benefical and a relative safety profile compared with chemotherapy. With the reduction in the price of serplulimab, ES-SCLC patients treated with serplulimab plus chemotherapy may be able to achieve a favorable cost-effectiveness rate.
High mortality rates among COVID-19 intensive care patients in Iraq: insights from a retrospective cohort study at Médecins Sans Frontières supported hospital in Baghdad
Authors: Malaeb Rami , Haider Amna , Abdulateef Mustafa , Hameed Mustafa , Daniel Uche , Kabilwa Gabriel , Seyni Ibrahim , Ahmadana Khalid E. , Zelikova Evgenia , Porten Klaudia , Godard Aurelie 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the challenges of the healthcare system in Iraq, which has limited intensive care unit beds, medical personnel, and equipment, contributing to high infection rates and mortality. The main purpose of the study was to describe the clinical characteristics, the length of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, and the mortality outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU during the first wave and two subsequent surges, spanning from September 2020 to October 2021, in addition to identify potential risk factors for ICU mortality.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed data from COVID-19 patients admitted to the COVID-19 ICU at Al-Kindi Ministry of Health hospital in Baghdad, Iraq, between September 2020 and October 2021.ResultsThe study included 936 COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU at Al-Kindi Hospital. Results showed a high mortality rate throughout all waves, with 60% of deaths due to respiratory failure. Older age, male gender, pre-existing medical conditions, ICU procedures, and complications were associated with increased odds of ICU mortality. The study also found a decrease in the number of complications and ICU procedures between the first and subsequent waves. There was no significant difference in the length of hospital stay between patients admitted during different waves.ConclusionDespite improvements in critical care practices, the mortality rate did not significantly decrease during the second and third waves of the pandemic. The study highlights the challenges of high mortality rates among critical COVID-19 patients in low-resource settings and the importance of effective data collection to monitor clinical presentations and identify opportunities for improvement in ICU care.
Understanding professional development challenges of Chinese public health professionals: association and prediction analyses with data validity screening
Authors: Wang Yingchen , Kong Xiangran , Li Fang , Zhao Hongyan 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundLittle is known about the public health professionals engaged in educating and training new or future researchers in public health. Research in this direction identifies their issues, concerns, challenges, and needs. This study focused on the professional development challenges of Chinese public health professionals.MethodsSnowball sampling was utilized. A total of 265 public health professionals participated. An instrument of 6 dimensions (burnout, sleep issue, mood issue, friends’ support, exercise, and challenges) was developed, revised, and administered online. Two different approaches, the conventional and data screening approaches, were applied. The former started with item quality analyses, whereas the latter began with data quality checks. The chi-square tests of associations and logistic regressions were performed on both approaches.Results and discussion19.25% of the participants were detected and deleted as careless respondents. Using both approaches, six professional development challenges except one (“Multidisciplinary learning”) were significantly associated with various demographic features. The two approaches produced different models though they converged sometimes. The latent variables of exercise predicted professional development challenges more frequently than other latent variables. Regarding correct classification rates, results from the data screening approach were comparable to those from the conventional approach.ConclusionThe latent variables of exercise, such as “Exercise effects,” “Expectations of exercise,” and “Belief in exercise,” might be understudied. More research is necessary for professional development challenges using exercise as a multidimensional construct. Based on the current study, screening and deleting careless responses in survey research is necessary.
Ownership of dogs and cats leads to higher levels of well-being and general trust through family involvement in late adolescence
Authors: Koyasu Hikari , Ogasawara Sakura , Kikusui Takefumi , Nagasawa Miho 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionLate adolescence is a crucial period during which individuals connect with new communities. Furthermore, their mental health has lasting effects on their overall well-being. Involvement with family and the local community plays a significant role in shaping adolescents’ personalities and well-being. Additionally, pets, such as dogs and cats, function as social catalysts and increase interactions with family and the local community. We hypothesized that pet ownership would increase involvement with family and the local community and thereby impact adolescents’ personalities and well-being.MethodsTherefore, this study investigated whether owning dogs or cats was related to well-being through increased involvement with family and local community members in late adolescence. Data were collected via a questionnaire administered to high school and university students. The questionnaire included questions on basic information about adolescents and their families, pet ownership experience, family and local community involvement, well-being, cultural estrangement inventory, and general trust.ResultsStructural equation modeling revealed that adolescent women who owned dogs or cats had higher well-being and general trust through their involvement with their families. Although previous research reported that men who had experienced pet ownership in childhood were more sociable in old age, the effect of pet ownership on men was not observed in this study.DiscussionDuring late adolescence, when individuals experience many connections with new communities, the effects of pets may temporarily decrease. Therefore, future cohort studies should examine the effects of pets on each age group.