bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulsar search acceleration using FPGAs and OpenCL templates
Authors: Oppermann Julian , Mickaliger Mitchell B. , Sinnen Oliver 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is the world’s largest radio telescope currently under construction, and will employ elaborate signal processing to detect new pulsars, i.e. highly magnetised rotating neutron stars. This paper addresses the acceleration of demanding computations for this pulsar search on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) using a new high-level design process based on OpenCL templates that is transferable to other scientific problems. The successful FPGA acceleration of large-scale scientific workloads requires custom architectures that fully exploit the parallel computing capabilities of modern reconfigurable hardware and are amenable to substantial design space exploration. OpenCL-based high-level synthesis toolchains, with their ability to express interconnected multi-kernel pipelines in a single source language, excel in this domain. However, the achievable performance strongly depends on how well the compiler can infer desirable hardware structures from the code. One key aspect to excellent performance is commonly the uninterrupted, high-bandwidth streaming of data into and through the design. This is difficult to achieve in complex designs when data order needs to be re-arranged, e.g. transposed. It is equally hard to pre-fetch and burst-load from DDR memory when reading occurs in non-trivial patterns. In this paper, we propose new approaches to these two problems that use OpenCL-based code templates.We demonstrate the practical benefits of these approaches with the acceleration of a key component in the SKA’s pulsar search pipeline: the Fourier Domain Acceleration Search (FDAS) module. Using our proposed methodology, we are able to develop a more scalable FDAS accelerator architecture than previously possible. We explore its design space to eventually achieve a 10x throughput improvement over a prior, thoroughly optimised implementation in plain OpenCL.
Two-dimensional perfect evolution algebras over domains
Authors: Casado Yolanda Cabrera , Barquero Dolores Martín , González Cándido Martín 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe will study evolution algebras A that are free modules of dimension two over domains. We start by making some general considerations about algebras over domains: They are sandwiched between a certain essential D-submodule and its scalar extension over the field of fractions of the domain. We introduce the notion of quasiperfect algebras and we characterize the perfect and quasiperfect evolution algebras in terms of the determinant of its structure matrix. We classify the two-dimensional perfect evolution algebras over domains parametrizing the isomorphism classes by a convenient moduli set.
An Investigation into the Failure Characteristics of External PCB Traces with Different Angle Bends
Authors: Elliot Jake , Brown Jason 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe design of a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) involves satisfying numerous design constraints in terms of the positioning of components and the routing of conducting tracks or traces between components. One common design constraint is limiting the maximum angular bend that a trace can make (e.g. to 45°) for several potential reasons including reliability. In this paper, we systematically investigate the failure characteristics of PCB external traces with different angle bends to understand the implications in a modern context with modern PCB manufacturing processes. This involves destructive testing of straight traces with no bends, traces with only 45° bends and traces with only 90° bends. There are three aspects to the testing: (1) maximal current testing, in which the maximum current that a trace can withstand before failure is measured, (2) failure location testing for traces with bends i.e. trace failed on straight segment or at the bend, and (3) time to failure testing. We did not find a large difference between the maximum currents that can be withstood by straight traces, traces with 45° bends and traces with 90° bends. However, some of the interesting results are that traces with 45° bends are significantly more likely to fail at the location of a bend than traces with 90° bends, and straight traces take much longer to fail on average than traces with bends for a given test current.
In-situ scanning transmission electron microscopy study of Al-amorphous SiO2 layer-SiC interface
Authors: Adabifiroozjaei Esmaeil , Rastkerdar Ebad , Nemoto Yoshihiro , Nakayama Yoshiko , Nishimiya Yuki , Fronzi Marco , Yao Yin , Nguyen Minh Triet , Molina-Luna Leopoldo , Suzuki Tohru S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHere, we present a comprehensive study on atomic-scale in-situ biasing/heating scanning transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM) of Al-amorphous SiO2–SiC interface. The investigation includes electrical, chemical, and structural analysis of the interface at different temperatures (25–600 °C). The results show that at ~ 500 °C the electrical (three-orders of magnitude resistivity drop), chemical (dissolution of SiO2amorphous layer), and microstructural features (e.g.formation of Al2O3, Si and Al4C3) of the interface start to change. According to the results, amorphous SiO2dissolves in Al, leading to formation of α-Al2O3and Si within the Al. In contrast, elemental interdiffusion (Al3+ ⇄ Si4+) between Al and SiC occurs resulting in formation of Al4C3. From the results, we can infer that reaction mechanism between Al and crystalline SiC is different with that between Al and SiO2amorphous phase. It is believed that structural similarities between SiC and Al4C3play an important role in paving the way for elemental interdiffusion.
Low Latency Low Loss Media Delivery Utilizing In-Network Packet Wash
Authors: Clayman Stuart , Sayıt Müge 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper presents new techniques and mechanisms for carrying streams of layered video using Scalable Video Coding (SVC) from servers to clients, utilizing the Packet Wash mechanism which is part of the Big Packet Protocol (BPP). BPP was designed to handle the transfer of packets for high-bandwidth, low-latency applications, aiming to overcome a number of issues current networks have with high precision services. One of the most important advantages of BPP is that it allows the dynamic adaption of packets during transmission. BPP uses Packet Wash to reduce the payload, and the size of a packet by eliminating specific chunks. For video, this means cutting out specific segments of the transferred video, rather than dropping packets, as happens with UDP based transmission, or retrying the transmission of packets, as happens with TCP. The chunk elimination approach is well matched with SVC video, and these techniques and mechanisms are utilized and presented. An evaluation of the performance is provided, plus a comparison of using UDP or TCP, which are the other common approaches for carrying media over IP. Our main contributions are the mapping of SVC video into BPP packets to provide low latency, low loss delivery, which provides better QoE performance than either UDP or TCP, when using those techniques and mechanisms. This approach has proved to be an effective way to enhance the performance of video streaming applications, by obtaining continuous delivery, while maintaining guaranteed quality at the receiver. In this work we have successfully used an H264 SVC encoded video for layered video transmission utilizing BPP, and can demonstrate video delivery with low latency and low loss in limited bandwidth environments.
FFNSL: Feed-Forward Neural-Symbolic Learner
Authors: Cunnington Daniel , Law Mark , Lobo Jorge , Russo Alessandra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLogic-based machine learning aims to learn general, interpretable knowledge in a data-efficient manner. However, labelled data must be specified in a structured logical form. To address this limitation, we propose a neural-symbolic learning framework, called Feed-Forward Neural-Symbolic Learner (FFNSL), that integrates a logic-based machine learning system capable of learning from noisy examples, with neural networks, in order to learn interpretable knowledge from labelled unstructured data. We demonstrate the generality of FFNSL on four neural-symbolic classification problems, where different pre-trained neural network models and logic-based machine learning systems are integrated to learn interpretable knowledge from sequences of images. We evaluate the robustness of our framework by using images subject to distributional shifts, for which the pre-trained neural networks may predict incorrectly and with high confidence. We analyse the impact that these shifts have on the accuracy of the learned knowledge and run-time performance, comparing FFNSL to tree-based and pure neural approaches. Our experimental results show that FFNSL outperforms the baselines by learning more accurate and interpretable knowledge with fewer examples.
The Poisson Method of Poverty Measurement Using Non-monetary Indicators: A Replication Study Based on Australian Data
Authors: Yoo Kitae 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study revisits the Poisson-based framework to derive optimal thresholds of relative deprivation in the Australian context. Poverty measurement in developed countries mainly relies upon household income to capture those who are poor from the rest of the population. However, there is a growing recognition that the non-monetary indicators of relative deprivation can significantly improve the identification of those living in poverty. Relative deprivation is typically operationalised as not being able to afford and obtain a list of items that are considered essential in a given society. The key advantage of using such non-monetary indicators relates to its ability to directly capture the manifestations of poverty and assess people’s living standards. Yet, one salient issue is the selection of a meaningful threshold from which the deprived and the non-deprived can be separated. Following on Babones et al. (Babones et al. Social Indicators Research 126:711–726, 2016), this study replicates the Poisson method to specify an appropriate threshold value (k)—the number of missing essential items—that defines a person or household as deprived in Australia. Based on data from the 2018 Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey, thresholds of k ≥ 4 for non-possession (merely lacking items), k ≥ 3 for derived deprivation (lacking and not being able to afford items), and k ≥ 3 for inferred deprivation (lacking and regarding items as essential) are suggested, respectively.
Quantifying elementary teachers’ foreknowledge about their students
Authors: Sedlacek Quentin Charles , Murdock-Perriera Lisel Alice 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTeachers sometimes learn information about their students prior to teaching them, a phenomenon we call “teacher foreknowledge.” This information may be useful, but it may also bias teacher expectations for students in harmful ways. To date, few studies have quantitatively documented the types of foreknowledge teachers receive. When, where, and from whom do teachers commonly acquire foreknowledge? Are some sources or types of foreknowledge perceived to be more influential than others? We explore these questions through a survey of elementary teachers (N = 414) in one U.S. state. Most respondents received foreknowledge about at least some of their students months or even years prior to teaching them, and foreknowledge was primarily transmitted within school settings. Fellow teachers and students themselves were generally characterized as the most influential sources of foreknowledge. Foreknowledge about student behavior and character was considered more influential than foreknowledge about other topics. Some of these patterns covaried with classroom-, school- and teacher-level demographic or contextual variables. We discuss implications for research and practice with a focus on educational equity.
Deepfakes, Fake Barns, and Knowledge from Videos
Authors: Matthews Taylor 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecent develops in AI technology have led to increasingly sophisticated forms of video manipulation. One such form has been the advent of deepfakes. Deepfakes are AI-generated videos that typically depict people doing and saying things they never did. In this paper, I demonstrate that there is a close structural relationship between deepfakes and more traditional fake barn cases in epistemology. Specifically, I argue that deepfakes generate an analogous degree of epistemic risk to that which is found in traditional cases. Given that barn cases have posed a long-standing challenge for virtue-theoretic accounts of knowledge, I consider whether a similar challenge extends to deepfakes. In doing so, I consider how Duncan Pritchard’s recent anti-risk virtue epistemology meets the challenge. While Pritchard’s account avoids problems in traditional barn cases, I claim that it leads to local scepticism about knowledge from online videos in the case of deepfakes. I end by considering how two alternative virtue-theoretic approaches might vindicate our epistemic dependence on videos in an increasingly digital world.
Development of a remote-control system for catheterization capable of high-speed force feedback
Authors: Takagi Rei , Osada Keita , Hanafusa Akihiko , Takagi Motoki , Mohamaddan Shahrol Bin , Mitsui Kazuyuki , Anzai Hidenobu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
There is a growing interest in minimally invasive surgery as interventional radiology (IVR), which decreases the burden on a patient. However, occupational exposure is a problem because the treatment is performed using X-ray fluoroscopic images. This problem can be solved by the development of a teleoperation system, but rapid force presentation is important to perform safe surgery. The purpose of this study is to develop a new teleoperation system that can be controlled at a high speed and can provide feedback force sensation within 20 ms delay.

Methods
A master–slave-type remote-control system for catheterization was developed. A compact and high-speed force feedback system is realized using a novel electro-attractive material (EAM) device by which the resistance force is generated by the magnitude of the voltage applied. The linear and rotational movement of master is transferred to the slave device by UDP communication with the LAN cable, and the same movement is performed by two motors. The collision force of catheter or guidewire, detected by the sensor inside the slave device, is also transmitted to the master device. Two voltage-based methods for EAM: the ON/OFF and linear control methods, were implemented.

Results
After the collision force is detected by the slave sensor, the voltage is applied to the EAM in the master device for an average of 10.33 ms and 15.64 ms by the ON/OFF and linear control methods, respectively. These delays are less than required 20 ms. The movement of the master was stopped by the resistance force of EAM, and that of the slave was also stopped accordingly.

Conclusion
A master–slave-type remote-control system for catheterization that is capable of high-speed force feedback was developed. With a low delay, the developed system achieved the requirements of 20 ms that was aimed for this study. Therefore, this system may facilitate the realization of IVR surgery that is safe for both doctors and patients.
A real-world study of treatment patterns among patients with osteoporotic fracture: analysis of a Japanese hospital database
Authors: Hagino Hiroshi , Yoshinaga Yoko , Hamaya Etsuro , Lin Tzu-Chieh , Ajmera Mayank , Meyers Juliana 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Summary

Health records of patients hospitalized for osteoporotic fracture were analyzed. Prior to the index hospital admission, most patients were not receiving any antiosteoporotic treatment. During the index hospitalization visit, 25.5% of patients received antiosteoporotic treatment. The most common treatment regimens were active vitamin D3, bisphosphonates, and teriparatide.

Purpose
To examine the real-world treatment patterns and factors associated with receipt of treatment among Japanese patients with osteoporotic fracture.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed health records of patients who were hospitalized for osteoporotic fracture between February 2016 and February 2018 in Japan. The type and duration of treatment with antiosteoporotic medications prescribed during hospital stays and after discharge were examined using descriptive statistics. Demographic and clinical factors (e.g., age, previous diagnoses, Charlson Comorbidity Index scores) associated with osteoporotic treatment were explored using multivariable logistic regression.

Results
A total of 112,275 patient medical records were evaluated, including 56,574 records from patients with hip fracture, 26,681 records from patients with vertebrae fracture, and 29,020 patients with non-vertebral non-hip fractures. Prior to the index hospital admission, most patients (91.7%, n = 102,919) were not receiving any antiosteoporotic treatment. For those receiving treatment, active vitamin D3 (51.1%, n = 4778) and bisphosphonates (47.5%, n = 4441) were the most common. During the index hospitalization visit, 25.5% (n = 28,678) of patients received treatment for their fracture, including active vitamin D3 (n = 17,074), bisphosphonates (n = 10,007), and teriparatide (n = 4561). Upon discharge, 41.5% (n = 46,536) of patients returned to their home and 34.3% (n = 38,542) of patients were transferred to a different hospital or medical care facility. Variables associated with receipt of treatment at follow-up included older age, previous diagnoses of osteoporosis and fracture, and higher Charlson Comorbidity Index scores.

Conclusion
Despite osteoporotic fracture being a major health concern within older Japanese populations, treatment with antiosteoporotic medication regimens remains generally low.
Modeling the Droplet Impact on the Substrate with Surface Preparation in Thermal Spraying with SPH
Authors: Bobzin K. , Heinemann H. , Jasutyn K. , Jeske S. R. , Bender J. , Warkentin S. , Mokrov O. , Sharma R. , Reisgen U. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe properties of thermally sprayed coatings depend heavily on their microstructure. The microstructure is determined by the dynamics of the impact of the droplets on the substrate surface and the subsequent overlapping of the previously solidified and deformed droplets. Substrate preparation prior to spraying ensures strong adhesion of the coating. This includes roughening and preheating of the substrate surface. In the present study, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is used to model the Al2O3 impact on a preheated substrate and a roughened substrate surface. A semi-implicit enthalpy–porosity method is applied to simulate the solidification process in the mushy zone. In addition, an implicit correction for SPH simulations is used to improve the performance and stability of the simulation. To investigate the dynamics of heat transfer in the contact between the surface and the droplet, the discretization of the substrate is also taken into account. The results show that the studied substrate surface conditions affect the splat morphology and the solidification process. Subsequently, the simulation of multiple droplets for coating formation is also performed and analyzed.
A branch and bound algorithm for robust binary optimization with budget uncertainty
Authors: Büsing Christina , Gersing Timo , Koster Arie M. C. A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSince its introduction in the early 2000s, robust optimization with budget uncertainty has received a lot of attention. This is due to the intuitive construction of the uncertainty sets and the existence of a compact robust reformulation for (mixed-integer) linear programs. However, despite its compactness, the reformulation performs poorly when solving robust integer problems due to its weak linear relaxation. To overcome the problems arising from the weak formulation, we propose a bilinear formulation for robust binary programming, which is as strong as theoretically possible. From this bilinear formulation, we derive strong linear formulations as well as structural properties for robust binary optimization problems, which we use within a tailored branch and bound algorithm. We test our algorithm’s performance together with other approaches from the literature on a diverse set of “robustified” real-world instances from the MIPLIB 2017. Our computational study, which is the first to compare many sophisticated approaches on a broad set of instances, shows that our algorithm outperforms existing approaches by far. Furthermore, we show that the fundamental structural properties proven in this paper can be used to substantially improve the approaches from the literature. This highlights the relevance of our findings, not only for the tested algorithms, but also for future research on robust optimization. To encourage the use of our algorithms for solving robust optimization problems and our instances for benchmarking, we make all materials freely available online.
Breeding studies on red sea bream Pagrus major: mass selection to genome editing
Authors: Kato Keitaro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRed sea bream Pagrus major is extremely important in the aquaculture of Japan. The breeding of red sea bream, which has a history of more than half a century, can be divided into three main categories. The first is selective breeding. The Aquaculture Research Institute, Kindai University, began breeding fast-growing red sea breams in the early 1960s through mass selection. I summarized the results of the selection and characteristics of the fish in the 1990s. The second is breeding through chromosome manipulation and sex control. Two types of gynogenetic diploids (G2N) were artificially induced. Although growth and survival of G2N were inferior, the growth of heterozygous clones produced by mating G2N was comparable to normal diploids. The sex differentiation process and the induction condition of all-male groups by 17α-methyltestosterone treatment were clarified, and the percentage of females could be increased to more than 85%. The third is breeding through genetic manipulation. We first developed the microinjection method, and succeeded in increasing the percentage of edible ratio by deleting the function of myostatin gene by genome editing. Combining new technologies, such as genome editing, with the existing breeding methods mentioned above would result in faster and more effective breeding.