bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigation of Energy Production from an Enhanced Geothermal System Associated with CO2 Geological Sequestration
Authors: Xue Zhenqian , Ma Haoming , Chen Zhangxin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The development of a geothermal system can supply low-carbon electricity to support the raising energy demand under the energy transition from fossil fuel to renewables. CO2 can substitute for water for energy recovery from geothermal reservoirs owing to its better mobility and higher heat capacity. Additionally, trapping injected CO2 underground can achieve environmental benefits by targeting Greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation. In this study, different flow schemes are established to assess heat mining and geological CO2 sequestration (CCS) by injecting CO2 for the purpose of an enhanced geothermal system. The Qiabuqia geothermal field in China is selected as a study case to formulate the geothermal reservoir simulation. The results show that a pure CO2 injection into a water-saturated reservoir can provide the best performance in heat mining. Besides, this operational strategy can also provide extra benefits by producing 6.7% CO2 retention. The generated geothermal electricity under a pure CO2 injection into a CO2-saturated formation is the lowest, while its 42.1% of CO2 retention shows a promising CCS performance and the large volume of stored CO2 can supply some profits by carbon credit. Considering the assessment on heat mining and CCS, the pure CO2 injection into a water-saturated reservoir is recommended for the operation of an EGS. Under this flow strategy, well spacing, production pressure difference and fluid injection temperature are dominated in geothermal energy production. Three factors, including well spacing, production pressure difference and fracture conductivity, influence the CO2 storage capacity. In operating an EGS, a larger well spacing, a lower injection temperature and a lower fracture conductivity are suggested. While the optimal production pressure difference should be further determined to balance its effect on geothermal production and CO2 storage since it presents an opposite effect on these two parts. This work demonstrates the feasibility of heat mining associated with CO2 geological permanent storage in an EGS by injecting CO2. The proposed study proves that not only the sufficient and sustainable energy can be supplied but also a significant amount of CO2 emission can be eliminated simultaneously. In addition, the investigation of geothermal energy production and CO2 geological sequestration under different operational parameters can provide profound guidance for the operators.
Contribution of Wettability Alteration to Imbibition Oil Recovery in Low and High Permeability Conditions
Authors: Deng Xiao , Kamal Muhammad Shahzad , Patil Shirish , Shakil Syed Muhammad , Al Shehri Dhafer , Zhou Xianmin , Mahmoud Mohamed , Al Shalabi Emad Walid 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Low permeability rock usually holds a large amount of residual oil after flooding. The two most important mechanisms for residual oil recovery are interfacial tension (IFT) reduction and wettability alteration (WA). There is confusion around the coupled effect between the two mechanisms. Permeability is found to be a critical factor on the coupled effect. In this study, the spontaneous imbibition oil recovery results from core plugs of different permeability by using two surfactants were compared. The comparison helps understand the impact of permeability on the coupled effect of IFT reduction and WA.
Filtered crude oil (density 0.87 g/mL, viscosity 12.492 cP), Indiana limestone cores of different permeabilities, two locally synthesized cationic gemini surfactants, GS3 and GS6, were used in this study. The spinning drop method and static contact angle method were used to measure the oil/water IFT and the wettability. Spontaneous imbibition experiments using Amott cells were conducted at the ambient condition to relate IFT reduction and WA performance to the oil recovery contribution.
Results showed that although the selected surfactants had comparable IFT reduction performance, GS3 is much stronger than GS6 in altering oil-wet carbonate rock to water-wet conditions. In core plugs with the same dimensions and comparable low permeabilities, the oil recovery values accorded with the WA performance. GS3 obtained faster and higher oil recovery (24%) than and GS6 (14%), indicating that enhancing WA alone contributes to oil recovery. The main difference between the selected surfactants was the spacer structure. It appeared that introducing unsaturation into the spacer group harmed the WA performance. Comparing different permeability conditions, GS6 obtained much higher oil recovery in a high permeability condition (922 mD) than in a low permeability condition (7.56 mD). Though permeability significantly impacted the whole imbibition process, it was more auspicious when IFT reduction became the main driving force.
This study studied the WA mechanism alone by adopting surfactants with comparable oil/water IFT values. It also features the impact of permeability by comparing the recovery curve by the same surfactant under different permeability, showing that IFT reduction contributes more to oil recovery in high permeability rock.
Monitoring of Polymer Injectivity and Mobility Control Performance in Carbonates Using Coreflood Integrated with Computed Tomography (CT)
Authors: Ahmed Shehzad , Alameri Waleed , Al-Shalabi Emad W. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Oil production enhancement from mature fields through polymer injection has gained elevated interest due to the improved mobility and conformance controls. The suitability of polymer with harsh reservoir condition and its insitu performance dictate the success of polymer-augmented waterflooding. This motivates thorough evaluation of polymer to build optimum injection strategy for the targeted reservoir. This study aims to evaluate the impact of polymer and chase water injections in high salinity carbonate rock using single-phase coreflood experiments coupled with real-time saturation monitoring. A sulfonated polymer, acrylamido tertiary-butyl sulfonate (ATBS), was utilized and polymer solutions at different concentrations were prepared in 20 wt% brine. Coreflooding integrated with computed tomography (CT) scanning was used to generate 3D images during polymer flooding in carbonate outcrop (95.2 mD) at 70°C. Polymer injection was also evaluated in a tapered injection scheme in which polymer slug concentration was stepwise reduced. Polymer injectivity, retention, flow patterns, and inaccessible pore volume (IPV) were analyzed using pressure drop, average saturation, and CT images in real time.
The results showed that the selected polymer has favorable injectivity behavior with acceptable injectivity losses (0.5-0.85) at all tested concentrations and injection rates. Polymer injection at higher concentration provided higher resistance factor, lower injectivity, and higher injectivity reduction. In-situ saturation monitoring showed polymer breakthrough before 0.8 PV with an IPV of 20%. The brine post-flush exhibited 74.1% decrease in polymer saturation after 1 PV and 99% of the polymer was recovered after 10 PVs of brine injection. For polymer augmented waterflooding with a concentration tapering mode, the IPV was reduced to 26.8%. Moreover, the chase water after tapered polymer injection showed 4.5 times high flow resistance compared to that of pre-flush brine. The chase water injection for about 1 PV reduced the retained polymer to 20% due to the increased flow resistance. This study assessed polymer injectivity and retention behavior for mobility control performance in carbonate under moderate temperature and salinity conditions. The findings of this work would guide future studies on the optimization of polymer-augmented waterflooding by using different injection schemes to improve the efficiency of mobility control process in carbonates, which would further aid in designing successful field projects.
Preparation of High Temperature Resistant High Strength Supramolecular Gels Based on Hydrophobic Association and Hydrogen Bonding and its Application in Formation Pluggingg
Authors: Yang Jingbin , Bai Yingrui , Sun Jinsheng , Lv Kaihe , Wang Jintang , Dai Liyao , Zhang Qitao , Zhu Yuecheng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The traditional chemical cross-linking method is based on the formation of covalent bonds between molecules to connect three-dimensional networks to enhance the strength of hydrogels. Although this method can significantly improve the mechanical properties, it also has many problems, such as irreversibility and fatigue. Therefore, the design and preparation of supramolecular hydrogels with high mechanical properties and good temperature resistance have very important research significance and practical value. This paper prepared a supramolecular gel with both temperature resistance and mechanical properties through hydrophobic association and hydrogen bonding, and evaluated its thermal stability, rheology, temperature resistance and pressure plugging ability. The results showed that the supramolecular gel had excellent thermal stability, and there was strong physical entanglement between its three-dimensional network structures, which made it difficult to be destroyed by increasing temperature. The excellent rheological properties of supramolecular gels enable them to maintain good viscoelastic changes in the linear viscoelastic region within the strain range of 0.1-30%. When the strain was greater than 30%, the supramolecular gel began to undergo different degrees of sol-gel phase transition, which showed that the energy storage modulus of supramolecular gel decreased. In addition, the energy storage modulus of supramolecular gel was always greater than the loss modulus in the whole frequency scanning range, and there was no intersection between the two gel and the gel always showed high elasticity. Meanwhile, the supramolecular gel still had good structure and strength after high temperature aging. Its tensile and compressive properties did not change significantly, but the color of the gel surface changed slightly, which could maintain good structural stability under high temperature environment. Supramolecular gel particles could be used as plugging materials for drilling fluid, and had excellent plugging ability of formation fractures and pores. The plugging ability of 1mm aperture plate model was up to 6.3MPa, and the plugging ability of 1mm seam width was up to 4.9MPa. Therefore, the development and application of supramolecular gel plays an important supporting role in drilling fluid plugging.
A Coupled Geochemical-Based Modeling Approach for Low Salinity Polymer (LSP) Injection: Effects of Salinity, Rock-Type, and Temperature on Polymer Rheology
Authors: Hassan Anas Mohammed , Al-Shalabi Emad W. , AlAmeri Waleed , Kamal Muhammad S. , Patil Shirish , Shakil Hussain Syed M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The hybrid low-salinity polymer (LSP) injection technique has potential for significant synergistic advantages as an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) approach. Previous studies indicated that LSP-injection appreciably improves polymer rheology, injectivity, viscoelasticity, and displacement efficiency. However, effectively modeling of LSP injection is still lacking and necessitates realistic simulation of polymer-brine-rock (PBR) interactions in a mechanistic predictive model. In this study, the MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox (MRST) coupled with IPhreeqc geochemical software is used to gather deeper understandings of the PBR interactions during LSP-injection. This contribution relates to the sensitivity analysis performed to investigate the effects of salinity, rock-type, and temperature on polymer viscosity during LSP process. Additionally, the de-risking step involving the charge ratio (CR) analysis is considered to estimate the potential polymer viscosity loss for various salinities, rock-compositions, and temperatures. The inaccessible pore volume (IPV), Todd-Longstaff mixing model parameters, polymer adsorption, permeability reduction as well as salinity and shear rate effects on polymer viscosity were modeled via the coupled MRST-IPhreeqc simulator.
The results showed that 6-times spiked salinity (3,738 ppm) scenario is more preferable than 6-times diluted salinity (103 ppm) scenario with corresponding viscosity losses of 53% and 56%. Also, the anhydrite mineral showed the highest viscosity loss of 60% among other rock-forming minerals, followed by dolomite of 56%, and lastly, calcite with the lowest viscosity loss of 50%. For the temperature effect, the highest viscosity loss of 59% was observed at 25°C, whereas the 90°C-temperature model is the most advantageous with lowest viscosity losses of 48%. For LSP injection de-risking measures, the divalent-cation’s effect was correlated with the CR value. Consequently, it is crucial to get an optimal CR value at which viscosity loss is minimum. Based on the CR analysis, a CR &gt; 1 suggests negligible viscosity loss in the LSP-solution, which in this study correlates to the cation threshold concentration of 130 ppm. A CR &lt; 0.35 is expected to result in substantial viscosity loss for the LSP solution. When 0.35 &lt; CR &lt; 1, additional risk-analysis of polymer viscosity loss in the LSP solution is required. This contribution could also help bolster further studies and eventually aid more efficient LSP-injection designs.
Management and Outcomes of Firearm-Related Vascular Injuries
Authors: Nyberger Karolina , Caragounis Eva-Corina , Djerf Pauline , WAHLGREN CARL 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Violence due to firearms is a major global public health issue and vascular injuries from firearms are particularly lethal. The aim of this study was to analyse population-based epidemiology of firearm-related vascular injuries.
Methods:This was a retrospective nationwide epidemiological study including all patients with firearm injuries from the national Swedish Trauma Registry (SweTrau) from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2019. There were 71879 trauma patients registered during the study period, of which 1010 patients were identified with firearm injuries (1.4%), and 162 (16.0%) patients with at least one firearm-related vascular injury.
Results: There were 162 patients admitted with 238 firearm-related vascular injuries, 96.9% men (n=157), median age 26.0 years [IQR 22-33]. There was an increase in vascular firearm injuries over time (P<0.005). The most common anatomical vascular injury location was lower extremity (41.7%) followed by abdomen (18.9%) and chest (18.9%). The dominating vascular injuries were common femoral artery (17.6%, 42/238), superficial femoral artery (7.1%, 17/238), and iliac artery (7.1%, 17/238). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) <90 mmHg or no palpable radial pulse in the emergency department was seen in 37.7% (58/154) of patients. The most common vascular injuries in this cohort with hemodynamic instability were thoracic aorta 16.5% (16/97), femoral artery 10.3% (10/97), inferior vena cava 7.2% (7/97), lung vessels 6.2% (6/97) and iliac vessels 5.2% (5/97). There were 156 registered vascular surgery procedures including vascular suturing (22%, 34/156) and bypass/interposition graft (21%, 32/156). Endovascular stent was placed in five patients (3.2%). The 30-day and 90-day mortality was 29.9% (50/162) and 33.3% (54/162), respectively. Most deaths (79.6%; 43/54) were within 24-hours of injury. In the multivariate regression analysis, vascular injury to chest (P<0.001) or abdomen (P=0.002) and injury specifically to thoracic aorta (P<0.001) or femoral artery (P=0.022) were associated with 24-hour mortality.
Conclusions: Firearm-related vascular injuries caused significant morbidity and mortality. The lower extremity was the most common injury location but vascular injuries to chest and abdomen were most lethal. Improved early hemorrhage control strategies are critical for better outcome.
Effect of educational intervention on medication reconciliation practice of hospital pharmacists in a developing country - A non-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Aje Akinniyi A. , Showande Segun J. , Adisa Rasaq , Fakeye Titilayo O. , Olutayo Oluwakemi A. , Adebusoye Lawrence A. , Olowookere Olufemi O. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Medication reconciliation is an evidence-based practice that reduces medication-related harm to patients. This study evaluated the effect of educational intervention on medication reconciliation practice of pharmacists among ambulatory diabetes and hypertensive patients.
Methods: A non-randomized clinical trial on medication reconciliation practice was carried out among 85 and 61 pharmacists at the intervention site and control site, respectively. Medication reconciliation was carried out among 334 (intervention-183; control-151) diabetes and/or hypertensive patients by the principal investigator to indirectly evaluate pharmacists’ baseline medication reconciliation practice at both sites. A general educational intervention was carried out among intervention pharmacists. Medication reconciliation was carried out by the principal investigator among another cohort of 96 (intervention-46; control-50) and 90 (intervention-44; control-46) patients at three and six months postintervention, respectively, to indirectly assess pharmacists’ postintervention medication reconciliation practice. Thereafter, a focused educational intervention was carried out among 15 of the intervention pharmacists. Three experts in clinical pharmacy analysed the medication reconciliation form filled by the 15 pharmacists after carrying out medication reconciliation on another cohort of 140 patients, after the focused intervention. Data was summarized with descriptive and inferential statistics with level of significance set at p<0.05.
Key findings: Baseline medication reconciliation practice was poor at both sites. Post-general educational intervention, medication discrepancy was significantly reduced by 42.8% at the intervention site (p<0.001). At the intervention site, a significant increase of 54.3% was observed in patients bringing their medication packs for clinic appointments making medication reconciliation easier (p=0.003), at 6-months postintervention. Thirty-five, 66 and 48 drug therapy problems were detected by 31 (43.1%), 33 (66.0%) and 32 (71.1%) intervention pharmacists at 1-, 3- and 6-month post-general educational intervention, respectively. Post-focused educational intervention, out of a total of 695 medications prescribed, 75 (10.8%) medication discrepancies were detected and resolved among 42 (30%) patients by the 15 pharmacists.
Conclusions: The educational interventions improved pharmacists’ medication reconciliation practice at the intervention site.
Repetitive and compulsive behavior after Early-Life-Pain associated with reduced long-chain sphingolipid species
Authors: Vogel Alexandra , Ueberbach Timo , Wilken-Schmitz Annett , Hahnefeld Lisa , Franck Luisa , Weyer Marc-Philipp , Jungenitz Tassilo , Schmid Tobias , Buchmann Giulia , Freudenberg Florian , Brandes Ralf P. , Gurke Robert , Schwarzacher Stephan W. , Geisslinger Gerd , Mittmann Thomas , Tegeder Irmgard 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Pain in early life may affect cortical development and risk of chronic pain. We developed an optogenetic Cre/loxP mouse model of "early-life-pain" (ELP) using mice with transgenic expression of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) under control of the Advillin (Avil) promoter, which drives expression of transgenes predominantly in isolectin B4 positive non-peptidergic nociceptors in postnatal mice. Avil-ChR2 (Cre+) and ChR2-flfl control mice were exposed to blue light in a chamber once daily from P1-P5 together with their Cre-negative mother.Results ELP caused cortical hyperexcitability at P8-9 as assessed via multi-electrode array recordings that coincided with reduced expression of synaptic genes (RNAseq) including Grin2b, neurexins, piccolo and voltage gated calcium and sodium channels, suggesting activity-dependent synaptic pruning. Young adult (8–16 wks) Avil-ChR2 mice presented with nociceptive hypersensitivity upon heat or mechanical stimulation, which did not resolve up until one year of age. The persistent "pain" phenotype was reflected by capsaicin hypersensitivity in primary sensory neurons of aged mice (1 year) as assessed by calcium imaging. Adult Avil-ChR2 mice behaved like controls in maze tests of anxiety, social interaction, and spatial memory but IntelliCage behavioral studies revealed repetitive nosepokes and corner visits and compulsive lickings. Compulsiveness at the behavioral level was associated with a reduction of sphingomyelin species in brain and plasma lipidomic studies.Conclusion The results suggest that ELP may predispose to chronic pain and compulsive psychopathology in part mediated by alterations of sphingolipid metabolism, which have been previously described in the context of addiction and psychiatric diseases.
Analysis of risk factors for Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia combined with fungal infection and a comparison of drug efficacy
Authors: Zhou Qifeng , Zhou Zhiyu , Jiang Bing , Zeng Xin , Tong Jin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background During our clinical practice, some patients with Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia were found to have secondary pulmonary fungal infections; consequently, this study analyzed the risk factors for their combined pulmonary fungal infections. We also compared the efficacy of tetracycline and moxifloxacin in the treatment of C. psittaci pneumonia to guide the treatment of this disease.Methods Eighty cases of C. psittaci pneumonia in Chongqing were selected and divided into a non-fungal group (56 cases) and a fungal group (24 cases) according to the combination of pulmonary fungal infection. The risk factors for combined pulmonary fungal infection were analyzed. According to the type of medication used, the patients were divided into five treatment groups, including (I) 12 cases of omadacycline, (II) 12 cases of tigecycline, (III) 10 cases of doxycycline, (IV) 8 cases of minocycline, and (V) 38 cases of moxifloxacin, and the efficacy of the drugs was compared.Results (1) Comparisons of factors, including hospitalization cost, length of stay, and duration of fever, showed that, first, the prognosis of the non-fungal group was better than that of the fungal group, and second, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the use of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs; the co-administration of antimicrobials; combined structural lung disease, diabetes mellitus, and liver disease; and serum ferritin levels at admission. A logistic regression analysis showed the co-administration of antimicrobials; combined structural lung disease, diabetes mellitus, and liver disease; and relatively low serum ferritin were independent risk factors for combined pulmonary fungal infections. (2) Comparison of drug efficacy: The white blood cell count in Group I was better than in groups II and V, while fever, imaging improvement, and calcitoninogen decrease time in Group I were significantly better than in groups II, III, IV, and V. The cost in Group V was lower than in groups I, II, and III, and no significant difference was seen in the occurrence of major adverse reactions.Conclusions Patients with C. psittaci pneumonia who are co-administered with antimicrobials and are combined with structural lung disease, diabetes mellitus, and liver disease along with relatively low serum ferritin need to be alerted to combined pulmonary fungal infections. The efficacy of tetracyclines in treating such infections is more pronounced than that of other drugs, while the cost of moxifloxacin is lower than that of other antibiotics.