bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Outcomes of Tibial Rigid Intramedullary Nailing in Adolescent Patients
Authors: Koshinski Jessica L. , Bram Joshua T. , Gross Preston W. , Hine Sarah H. , Hayes Daniel S. , Fabricant Peter D. , Seeley Mark A. 
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVES:
To explore outcomes after tibial rigid intramedullary nailing (RIMN) in skeletally immature patients, with a focus on post-operative complications and iatrogenic changes in tibial slope due to anterior physeal arrest.

METHODS:
Design: Retrospective case series

Setting:
A large, tertiary care health system in the rural Mid-Atlantic United States, including two Level 1 trauma centers and one Level 2 trauma center.

Patient Selection Criteria:
Included were skeletally immature patients within 2 years of skeletal maturity undergoing tibial RIMN for OTA/AO 42 A to C fractures between March 2009 and January 2024 with post-operative follow-up more than 1-year.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
The primary outcome was change in tibial slope after RIMN. Secondary outcomes included post-operative weight-bearing status and complications.

RESULTS:
Thirty-seven skeletally immature patients were included (mean age 15.2 ± 1.3 years, 76% male). For 22 patients with minimum 6-month post-operative radiographs (mean 18.4 ± 12.7 months), there was no significant change from pre- to post-operative tibial slope (80.0 ± 1.9° vs 80.1 ± 1.6°, p=0.86). Time to achievement of full weightbearing across the series averaged 45.4 ± 35.6 days. Five (14%) of patients necessitated hardware removal, and 89% of patients reported they had returned to “normal” activity at latest follow-up (mean 56.2 ± 42.5 months).

CONCLUSIONS:
This study demonstrated that RIMN for tibial shaft fractures in skeletally immature pediatric patients within 2 years of maturity was not associated with iatrogenic physeal injury and resultant changes in tibial slope. Additional favorable clinical outcomes, the potential for early weight-bearing, and few associated post-operative complications, indicate that RIMN is a safe option for skeletally immature patients with tibial shaft fractures. Caution should be exercised when extrapolating these results to younger pediatric patients with >2 years of skeletal growth remaining.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
IV
Racial Disparities in Access to Preventive Dental Services in Pediatric Population
Authors: Ghaffari Affan , Bradbury Russell F. , Harman Jeffrey 
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Though preventive measures are available to alleviate the burden of dental caries, there remain racial disparities in the utilization of preventative dental care. Our objectives were to determine whether racial disparities persisted in receiving preventive oral procedures between (1) Black children and white children; and (2) Hispanic children and white children. Methods: We used pooled Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data in the United States from 2018 to 2021. The key outcome variable involved the use of preventive dental services (ie, examination, x-rays, cleaning, dental sealant fitting, and fluoride treatment), while the main predictor variable involved race (ie, whether they were white, Black, or Hispanic children). Results: Controlling for covariates, there was no statistical significance in the odds of Hispanic and white children in receiving x-rays, sealants, and fluoride treatment (P < .001). Black children had significantly lower odds of receiving oral examination, x-rays, and fluoride treatment than their white counterparts (P < .01). Conclusions: This study highlights the massive strides made in the utilization of preventive dental services by Hispanic children in the United States along with the persisting disparities largely present for Black children; however, further studies are needed focusing on structural, sociocultural, and factors contributing to these disparities.
Iron deficiency in acute coronary syndromes: prevalence and prognostic impact
Authors: Esteves Ana Fátima , Gonçalves Sara , Duarte Tatiana , Ferreira Joana , Coelho Rui , Quintal Jéni , Pohle Catarina , Fonseca Nuno , Caria Rui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction and Objectives:
Iron deficiency (ID) is a well-known prognostic marker in heart failure (HF), independent of anemia. However, its impact in acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) is not well established.

Methods:
This is a retrospective analysis of patients admitted with ACS from January to December 2019. The population was evaluated according to basal characteristics and divided in two groups, with or without ID, compared according to several variables, namely demographic, index hospitalization, comorbidities, analytical and echocardiographic. We determined their predictive value on the occurrence of hemorrhage or need for red blood cell transfusion, all-cause hospitalizations, and all-cause death.

Results:
We included 287 patients, with median age 66 (interquartile range [IQR] 21) years and 72% male. ID was present in 48% of patients. Most presented with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (57%), and 13% were admitted in Killip–Kimball class III or IV. Almost 40% had a left ventricle ejection fraction < 50% on admission. Patients with non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction presented more frequently with ID, compared with patients with STEMI. Of note, 33% of patients with ID had concomitant anemia. During a median follow-up of 28 (IQR 7) months, 10% had an urgent care admission for HF, 7% were hospitalized for HF, and 18% died. There was a significantly higher rate of emergency department admissions for HF in the group with ID. Age, anemia, and NT-proBNP levels predicted the occurrence of all-cause death, with ID having no impact on none of the evaluated events.

Conclusion:
ID was prevalent in patients with ACS, affecting almost half of the population. In the acute setting of an ACS, anemia seems to have a greater impact on mortality and the role of ID in promoting HF needs further investigation.
The Drivers and Barriers of Clinical Health Professions Student Flourishing: An Integrative Review
Authors: Neary Stephanie , Doolittle Benjamin , Nichols Michelle 
Published: January 2025

Introduction
To determine the drivers and barriers to flourishing for clinical health professions students through a review of peer-reviewed literature.

Methods
Articles were analyzed in Scopus, PubMed, and EBSCOHost and hand-searched education journals through May 2024 describing flourishing among clinical health professions students. Whittemore and Knafl's integrative approach was used, and quality was assessed by the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Results
The 26 articles included medical (14/26, 53.8%), pharmacy (8/26, 30.8%), physician assistant (3/26, 11.5%), and nurse anesthetist (1/26%, 3.8%) students. Results were framed by the Social Ecological Model. Individual drivers included meaningful work, feeling valued, and pride in overcoming challenges, while barriers included feelings of self-sacrifice to achieve success. Intrinsic factors were both drivers and barriers (eg, positive affect was positively correlated with flourishing). Interpersonal drivers included feelings of belonging, social relationships, and mentorship, while scheduling conflicts was a barrier. Organizational drivers included integrated wellness efforts and faculty buy-in, while barriers included inadequate recovery time between demanding tasks, required participation in activities perceived to have individual low-value, and resource inaccessibility/insufficiency. There was a deficit in the exploration of the impact of communities, public policy, and race and/or ethnicity on flourishing.

Discussion
Limitations include possible exclusion of relevant articles due to search term and database selection. Students, faculty, and programs are cocreators of environments that promote or thwart flourishing. Educators can intentionally create learning environments that promote flourishing through increasing student autonomy, implementing community-building activities, and developing individual values in the context of training.
Optic Nerve Sheath Meningiomas: A Retrospective Cohort Study Comparing Outcomes in Treated Versus Observed Patients
Authors: Tien Marko (Chi-Wei) , McDonald Heather M. , Wei Elizabeth , Micieli Jonathan A. , Margolin Edward A. 
Published: January 2025

Background:
The rarity of optic nerve sheath meningiomas (ONSMs) complicates the guidelines surrounding optimal treatment strategies and prognostic factors. There are limited data on the visual outcomes of those treated with radiotherapy versus those observed without treatment. This study aimed to characterize the clinical and radiographic presentations of patients diagnosed with ONSMs and to identify factors predicting improvement in visual function after treatment.

Methods:
This is a retrospective case series of 26 patients who presented to 2 tertiary neuro-ophthalmology practices for 10 years with the presumptive diagnosis of ONSM. Demographic, clinical, investigative, radiologic, treatment, and outcome data were collected. Visual improvement was defined as improvement in visual acuity (VA) by ≥2 Snellen lines or visual field (VF) mean deviation (MD) improvement by ≥2 dB. Statistical analyses were performed to compare patients who experienced improvement in visual function with those who did not poststereotactic radiotherapy to identify pretreatment predictors of visual recovery.

Results:
Seventeen patients underwent radiotherapy (16 received 54 Gy in 30 fractions and 1 received 50 Gy in 25 fractions) and 4 elected observation. Five were lost to follow-up. Visual function improvement was seen in 10 patients who underwent radiotherapy. Pretreatment VA (logMAR 0.492 vs 1.42, P = 0.025), tumor size (8.50 vs 18.3 mm, P = 0.028), and a decrease in tumor size postradiotherapy (P = 0.009 for VA and 0.035 for VF MD improvement) were significantly associated with objective visual improvement.

Conclusions:
Pretreatment VA and tumor size may predict improvement in visual function in patients with ONSMs treated with radiotherapy. Future larger scale studies that include these data may be able to draw more definite conclusions.
The status of sodium intake and excretion and the primary dietary sources of sodium in Iranian adults, a comprehensive pilot study
Authors: Esmaeili Mina , Kamali Zahra , Abdollahi Morteza , Houshiarrad Anahita , Soleimani Mohammad , Nematollahi Soroush , Abdollahi Zahra , Salehi Forouzan , Ajami Marjan , Milani-Bonab Ali 
Published: January 2025

Background
Coronary artery disease and hypertension are the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, primarily due to high sodium intake. Therefore, accurate assessment of the status of sodium intake and excretion is crucial. The present study aimed to assess the dietary sodium intake and excretion in Iranian population.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was carried out on 150 adults aged 20–65 years in Tehran, Iran. A 24-h dietary recall was used to measure the intake of sodium. A food frequency questionnaire was also used to identify the food items that contributed the highest amount of sodium in the diet. A 24-h urine collection was applied to assess the amount of sodium excretion.

Results
The mean of dietary sodium intake and sodium excreted in 24-h urine collections were 3888 ± 2931 mg/day and 125.2 ± 49 mmol/dl, respectively. Sodium intake and sodium excretion were significantly higher in men compared to women (P = 0.012 and P = 0.004, respectively). Traditional flatbreads were identified as the two main food sources contributing to dietary sodium intake, accounting for 31.2% of the total sodium intake from food sources. The average daily salt intake exceeded the recommended amount (5 g/day) in over 80% of the participants.

Conclusion
Sodium intake in a wide range of Iranian adults may be higher than the recommended values. Iranian flatbreads are the primary source of sodium intake In Iranian diets. If be confirmed in future studies, these results could help policymakers make decisions on reducing salt intake to prevent diseases associated with high salt consumption.
Utilizing a pan-transcriptome reveals genotype-specific responses to iron deficiency inSorghum bicolor
Authors: Nnamdi Chinaza Davies , Songsomboon Kittikun , Zarasvand Azita Alasvand , Voelker William G. , Cooper Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionSweet sorghum genotypes are distinguished from non-sweet types by their ability to accumulate high concentrations of sugar in their stems, which makes them valuable for both bioenergy production and as an alternative source of sugar. Previous work has reported numerous gene copy number differences in metal metabolism and iron transport genes between the sweet and non-sweet genotypes. The objective of this study was to investigate which genes are differentially expressed by the sweet and non-sweet genotypes under varying iron conditions.MethodsThree sweet and three non-sweet sorghum genotypes were grown hydroponically under two conditions (control and low iron), and root tissue from the plants was harvested for RNA extraction and sequencing after 9 days. To obtain a more complete picture of diverse iron-response mechanisms in sorghum, we constructed a pan-transcriptome from 10 founder parents of the Carbon-Partitioning Nested Association Mapping population.ResultsDifferential expression analysis using the pan-transcriptome revealed 209 genes that responded differently to iron stress in the sweet and non-sweet types, which was more than twice as many genes found using only a single reference genome. Enrichment analysis based on age of duplication event showed that duplicate gene copies that are differentially expressed due to genotype effect appear to be specific to sorghum while most duplicate gene copies that are differentially expressed due to iron treatment appear to be more evolutionary conserved across plants.DiscussionThis study highlights the importance of the non-core genome and the utility of the pan-transcriptome in sorghum. It also revealed that different sorghum genotypes respond to iron stress differently.
Pseudozyma aphidis bio-active extract inhibit plant pathogens and activate induce resistance in tomato plants
Authors: Harris Raviv , Levy Maggie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe constant growth in the world population demands a constant increase in agricultural yields. One of the main ways to increase agricultural yields is by improving the control of pests and pathogens. Human health and environmental concerns regarding the traditional synthetic pesticides challenge the scientific community to discover new and less harmful ways to control pests, such as the development of biocontrol agents and natural-based pesticides.Previous studies have established that application of liveP. aphidiscan be used for biocontrol of diverse fungal and bacterial phytopathogens. Here demonstrate activity of two semi-purified fractions fromP. aphidis, one containing the antimicrobial metabolites and the other containing the resistance inducing metabolites. Our results from thein vitroexperiments with the antimicrobial extract show thatP. aphidismetabolites strongly inhibit important fungal and bacterial phytopathogens.In plantaexperiments demonstrated a significant, dose-dependent reduction in disease infection when a spore suspension ofB. cinereawas treated or exposed to the extracted metabolites. From the other hand, our results showed that the application a semi-purified aqueous fraction fromP. aphidison tomato plants rapidly up-regulated the expression of defense-related genes, which are associated with both the induced systemic resistance and the systemic acquired resistance pathways.In conclusion, this study further enhances our understanding of the biochemical mechanisms behindP. aphidismain modes of action: antibiosis and induced resistance. It also demonstrates the great potential of this unique biocontrol agent as a source for new natural-based pesticides and/or enhanced resistance substances.
Global expression profile of EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliO157:H7 in phagosome of murine macrophages
Authors: Riviere Nahuel Agustín , Jiang Lin , Wu Xiuju , Casabonne María Carolina , Guo Lu , Smith Libia Yael , Marques Da Silva Wanderson , Cataldi Ángel Adrián , Xing Ke , Bei Jinlong , Larzábal Mariano 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEHEC O157:H7 is responsible for Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) outbreaks in humans and its virulence is associated with Shiga toxin (Stx). During the pathogenesis of HUS, EHEC O157:H7 is phagocytized by the intestinal host macrophage into the phagosome. According to our study, a low percentage of phagocytized bacteria survived in the murine macrophage phagosome. To understand the initials mechanisms involved in bacterial persistence, we performed a global profile of bacterial RNAseq analysis in the early phagosome of murine macrophage andin vitroassays with more extreme stress conditions. The defense strategy of an early murine phagosome consisted on producing DNA damage, membrane damage, acid pH and nitric oxide (NO) agents. These hostile conditions triggering the bacterial SOS response, lipid biosynthesis and NO detoxification enzymes in response to DNA damage, membrane damage and nitric oxide agents, respectively. In turn, to survive, the bacterium conserves energy by downregulating flagellar biosynthesis, T3SS and T6SS virulence mechanisms. In contrast,stx2aexpression is upregulated. At the same time, it increases the ribosomal levels and amino acid synthesis to react more effectively against adverse conditions. Under more extreme stress conditions, EHEC O157:H7 expressed genes related to an acidic environment (pH 4.5) upregulating the acid stress response pathways AR2-5, whereas, upon high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, it transcribed higher levels of genes of the OxyR pathway and subsequently hydrogen peroxide oxidative stress-related genes.
“Men’s is the only and final word.” A qualitative study of community midwives’ insights on violence against women and girls in Yemen, including the forms, causes, and responses of survivors and their families
Authors: Zumair Marwah Al , Zaid Hussein , Leegstra Luz Marina , Pizarro Raisa Ferrer , Shreedhar Priya , Zumair Monia Al , Bawahda Lamya , Jann Albrecht , Maxwell Lauren 
Published: January 2025

AbstractViolence against women and girls (VAWG) is a serious human rights violation that has intensified in Yemen due to war, displacement, and pandemics. The cultural stigma surrounding discussions of VAWG, particularly sexual violence, compounded by a lack of resources for affected individuals, poses significant challenges for research and program implementation. This study involved qualitative interviews with 20 community midwives from the National Yemeni Midwifery Association across four governorates to explore the causes, forms, and consequences of VAWG and identify potential resources for survivors. A Yemeni physician trained in ethical VAWG research conducted the interviews, which were analysed thematically by two researchers. The findings indicated that physical partner violence was widely recognised as a crime; however, women and girls facing sexual violence often faced severe social ramifications, including ostracism or violence aimed at preserving family honour, leading to underreporting. Midwives identified patriarchal culture and the ongoing economic crisis as key contributors to VAWG. Health-related consequences for survivors included physical injuries such as vaginal tears and obstetric fistula. Additionally, midwives reported that survivors encountered humiliation within the healthcare system. Most women and girls did not seek help; however, when they did, they turned to their families or local leaders for support. To effectively understand, prevent, and address VAWG in Yemen, strategies should prioritise the safety and needs of women and align with cultural values. Insights from community midwives can guide the development of VAWG-focused community-led initiatives.
Microbial nitrogen removal versus recycling in the redox transition zone of a meromictic lake and its coupling to sulfur
Authors: Tischer Jana , Lehmann Moritz F. , Su Guangyi , Lepori Fabio , Zopfi Jakob 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOrganotrophic denitrification is an important nitrogen (N) removal process in lakes, but alternative N reduction processes such as lithotrophic sulfur (S)-oxidizing denitrification may be greatly underappreciated. We studied the redox transition zone (RTZ) in the meromictic water column of the North Basin of Lake Lugano (Switzerland) to characterize N transformation pathways coupled to the S and carbon (C) cycles. Incubations with15N-labeled and unlabeled nitrate showed low denitrification rates and a general limitation of organic electron donors. The most accessible fractions of exported primary production biomass may have been largely consumed in the oxic water column during sedimentation, and did not reach the RTZ at ∼100 m. Conversely, sulfide (H2S) and methane (CH4), major end products of anaerobic degradation of the more recalcitrant organic matter fractions in the sediment, represent a continuous source of energy to the RTZ, fostering the establishment of a community of S- and CH4-dependent nitrate reducers, dominated bySulfuritaleaandCandidatusMethylomirabilis over several years of observation. Anoxic incubation experiments with H2S amendments revealed a strong stimulation of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), but not denitrification. High relative abundances of the archaeal ammonia oxidizerCandidatusNitrosopumilus and bacterial nitrifiers indicate intense nitrate regeneration by nitrification in the upper RTZ. The potential interaction between nitrification and S-driven DNRA is unclear. However, their importance in close proximity suggests that, at least under conditions of carbon limitation, N recycling between the nitrate and ammonium pools, predominates over N removal via complete denitrification in the Lake Lugano North Basin.