bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time-orientations of older adults in group conversations and their association with memory functioning
Authors: Sekiguchi Takuya , Sugimoto Hikaru , Tokunaga Seiki , Otake-Matsuura Mihoko 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the time orientation of older adults in group conversations and its association with their memory functioning. We hypothesized that those with a greater ability to memorize recently accessed information would talk about more recent topics in natural conversations. To test this hypothesis, we used dictation data from older adults’ group conversations and categorized their utterances in terms of the time to which the utterances refer. While inheriting the conventional coding categories for the temporal focus of the utterances, Past, Present, and Future, this study assigned a new category, Recent, to an utterance that referred to an event within the past month to distinguish between recent and remote memories. We further classified utterances concerning whether they were experience-based or knowledge-based, based on the distinction between two types of declarative memories: episodic and semantic memories. We found that the frequency of knowledge-based utterances had significant positive associations with memory functioning if they were Recent-tagged. However, the frequency of experience-based utterances had no significant association with memory functions, irrespective of whether the sentence was Past- or Recent-tagged. Based on the results, we discussed what type of intervention program would be effective in preserving or improving memory function in older adults.
Explainable artificial intelligence in information systems: A review of the status quo and future research directions
Authors: Brasse Julia , Broder Hanna Rebecca , Förster Maximilian , Klier Mathias , Sigler Irina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe quest to open black box artificial intelligence (AI) systems evolved into an emerging phenomenon of global interest for academia, business, and society and brought about the rise of the research field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). With its pluralistic view, information systems (IS) research is predestined to contribute to this emerging field; thus, it is not surprising that the number of publications on XAI has been rising significantly in IS research. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of XAI research in IS in general and electronic markets in particular using a structured literature review. Based on a literature search resulting in 180 research papers, this work provides an overview of the most receptive outlets, the development of the academic discussion, and the most relevant underlying concepts and methodologies. Furthermore, eight research areas with varying maturity in electronic markets are carved out. Finally, directions for a research agenda of XAI in IS are presented.
Lyapunov-based robust optimal control for time-delay systems with application in milling process
Authors: Bahari Kordabad Arash , Gros Sebastien 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an optimal delay-independent robust controller based on the Lyapunov–Krakovskii theorem for the milling process as a time-delay system in the presence of varying axial depth of cut and different parametric uncertainty, such as stiffness, damping, etc. Milling is widely used in the manufacturing processes for the production of complex-shaped workpieces with high accuracy. However, chatter is a self-excited vibration that may cause adverse effects, such as tool damage, poor surface quality, excessive noise, etc. The dynamic model of the milling process is considered a two-dimensional time-delay system. A nonlinear programming with linear matrix inequality constraints is solved in order to obtain the controller gain where the objective function is corresponding to the norm-2 of controller gain, and the constraints guarantee robust stability. Using the semi-discretization method, stability lobes are shown in both uncontrolled and controlled plants to illustrate the improvement of the stable region via the proposed controller. Bifurcation phenomena have been improved with this controller by postponing the adverse effects to the higher values of the axial depth of cut, reducing the amplitude of limit cycles, and changing the type of bifurcation. Finally, we will compare the proposed controller with an intelligent controller in order to show the efficiency of the proposed method. It is shown that the proposed controller has improved the integral absolute error index by about 3.65 times compared with the intelligent controller.
Tuberculosis in the European Region
Authors: Mencarini Jessica , Spinicci Michele , Zammarchi Lorenzo , Bartoloni Alessandro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health concern worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic and migration flow due to socioeconomic conditions, climate change, and geopolitical issues, such as the war, are important drivers influencing TB epidemiology in Europe. This article aims to review the data about TB in this area and the new findings about treatment and prevention strategies.

Recent Findings
During the COVID-19 pandemic, access to health facilities and retention in care were difficult for TB patients, with consequences on TB diagnosis and TB incidence. The ongoing conflict in Europe, in areas with high prevalence of TB and MDR-TB, has reduced the access to health services and the availability of anti-TB drugs and increased the migration of refugees. New data on short treatment regimens could change the length of therapy and adverse events.

Summary
TB control programs are facing emerging challenges that could change TB incidence in the near future. Novel antibiotic strategies and improved preventive policies could offer new opportunities to reduce the TB impact on public health.
Generalized Ricci Solitons on Non-reductive Four-Dimensional Homogeneous Spaces
Authors: Azami Shahroud , Fasihi-Ramandi Ghodratallah , Pirhadi Vahid 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the present paper, we consider the non-reductive four-dimensional homogeneous spaces and we classify homogeneous generalized Ricci solitons on these spaces. We show that any non-reductive four-dimensional homogeneous space admits the least in a generalized Ricci soliton. Also, we will prove that non-reductive four-dimensional homogeneous spaces have non-trivial Killing vector fields and these spaces exclusive of types A1, A4 and B2 are Einstein manifold and admit in non-trivial homogeneous Ricci solitons.
Recent Deoxygenation of Patagonian Fjord Subsurface Waters Connected to the Peru–Chile Undercurrent and Equatorial Subsurface Water Variability
Authors: Linford P. , Pérez‐Santos I. , Montes I. , Dewitte B. , Buchan S. , Narváez D. , Saldías G. , Pinilla E. , Garreaud R. , Díaz P. , Schwerter C. , Montero P. , Rodríguez‐Villegas C. , Cáceres‐Soto M. , Mancilla‐Gutiérrez G. , Altamirano R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, global dissolved oxygen (DO) measurements have registered a decrease of ∼1%–2% in oxygen content, raising concerns regarding the negative impacts of ocean deoxygenation on marine life and the greenhouse gas cycle. By combining in situ data from 2016 to 2022, satellite remote sensing, and outputs from a physical‐biogeochemical model, we revealed the deoxygenation process in the Patagonian fjords for the first time. Deoxygenation was associated with the advection of equatorial subsurface water (ESSW) mass into the northern region of Patagonia. An analysis of the circulation regime using the Mercator‐Ocean global high‐resolution model confirmed the importance of the Peru–Chile undercurrent (PCUC) in transporting the ESSW poleward, contributing to the entrance of ESSW into the northern Patagonian fjords. A mooring system installed in the water interchange area between the Pacific Ocean and Patagonian fjords detected a decreasing DO of −21.66 μmol L−1 over 7 years, which was explained by the increase in PCUC transport of 1.46 Sv. Inside the Puyuhuapi fjord system, a second DO time series exhibited more marked deoxygenation with −88.6 μmol L−1 over 3 years linked with the influence of ESSW and local processes, such as DO consumption by the organic matter degradation. The recent deoxygenation registered in the northern Patagonian fjords demonstrates the significance of studying DO in the context of reducing the global oxygen content, further warranting the quantification of the impacts of deoxygenation on life cycles of marine organisms that inhabit the Patagonian fjords and channels and the Humboldt current system.
Implications for Shallow Magma Transfer During the 2017 and 2018 Eruptions at Fernandina (Galápagos) Inferred From InSAR Data
Authors: Galetto Federico , Reale Diego , Sansosti Eugenio , Acocella Valerio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPrevious work at Fernandina, the most active volcano of the Western Galápagos (Ecuador), revealed evidence for both a shallow and a deep magma reservoir, but the relative contribution of the two reservoirs to eruptions remains unclear. Here we investigate the September 2017 circumferential eruption and the June 2018 radial eruption using interferometric synthetic aperture radar data and geodetic modeling. Our results show that during the 2017 eruption magma was simultaneously withdrawn from the deep reservoir, injected upwards through the shallow reservoir, and then fed the circumferential feeder dike to the SW of the caldera. Two episodes of inflow of new magma occurred in both the deep and shallow magma reservoirs in the inter‐eruptive period from December 2017 to May 2018. During the 2018 eruption, both reservoirs fed two radial feeder dikes below the north flank, probably interacting with an underlying peripheral melt pocket, and an inclined sheet below the NW sector of the caldera. Our results highlight the primary role of the deeper reservoir which accumulates most of the magma before eruptions. Both eruptions were characterized by rapid magma transfer from the deeper to the shallower reservoir. This is similar to what is observed at the nearby Wolf volcano, but unlike nearby Sierra Negra, where a shallower reservoir accumulates higher volumes of magma before eruptions. These differences in the pre‐eruptive role of the deeper and shallower reservoirs might be related to the different evolutionary stages of Fernandina and Wolf with regard to the more mature Sierra Negra.
Spatial Variability of Turbulent Mixing From an Underwater Glider in a Large, Deep, Stratified Lake
Authors: Sepúlveda Steiner Oscar , Forrest Alexander L. , McInerney Jasmin B. T. , Fernández Castro Bieito , Lavanchy Sébastien , Wüest Alfred , Bouffard Damien 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecent efforts using microstructure turbulence measurements have contributed to our understanding of the overall energy budget in lakes and linkages to vertical fluxes. A paucity of lake‐wide turbulence measurements hinders our ability to assess how representative such budgets are at the basin scale. Using an autonomous underwater glider equipped with a microstructure payload, we explored the spatial variability of turbulence in pelagic and near‐shore regions of Lake Geneva. Dissipation rates of kinetic energy and thermal variance were estimated by fitting temperature gradient fluctuations spectra to the Batchelor spectrum. In deep waters, turbulent dissipation rates in the surface and thermocline were mild (∼10−8 W kg−1) and weakened toward the hypolimnion (∼10−11 to 10−10 W kg−1). The seasonal thermocline exhibited inhibited interior mixing, with extremely low values of mixing efficiency (Rif ≪ 0.1). In contrast, in the slope zone, a band of significantly enhanced energy dissipation (∼5 × 10−8 W kg−1) extended well above the bottom boundary layer and was associated with strong, efficient mixing (Rif > 0.17). The resulting contribution of the slope region to basin‐scale mixing was large, with 90% of the basin‐wide mixing—and only 30% energy dissipation—occurring within 4 km of the shoreline. This boundary mixing will modify overturning circulation and the transport pathways of dissolved compounds exchanged with the sediments. The dynamics responsible for the shift in the mixing regime, which appears crucial for the mixing budget of lakes, could not be fully unraveled with the collected observations. Additional model data analyses hint at the role of submesoscale instabilities.
Variation of Surface Air Temperature Induced by Enhanced Land–Atmosphere Coupling During 1981–2020 in Xinjiang, Northwest China
Authors: Yang Yang , Lin Zhaohui , Luo Lifeng , Zhong Linhao , Jiang Dabang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLand–atmosphere coupling (LAC) is a critical process in the climate system, and has great effects on surface air temperature over the humid–dry transition zones. Using ERA5/ERA5‐land reanalysis datasets, we show that the summer temperature anomalies over Northwest China (NWC), known as one of the most important LAC hotpots in China, are significantly correlated with the LAC strength during 1981–2020. The stronger the coupling strength between air temperature and land surface, the more pronounced decrease in air temperature and extreme hot days over NWC. Among the four pathways of land–air temperature coupling, including soil moisture (SM)/soil temperature–latent heat flux/sensible heat flux–air temperature coupling, SM–sensible heat flux–air temperature pathway corresponds most closely with the temperature changes in summer. By analyzing the possible local and non‐local physical links in this relationship, we show that the wave trains composed of the intensification of Ural ridge and Central–Asia trough stimulate a meridional fluctuation of westerly airflow over the mid–high latitudes of Eurasia. Large moisture, therefore, converges into NWC, leading to excessive precipitation and deficient incident solar radiation reaching the land surface. In such case, wetter and cooler soil states accelerate the cooling of the environment through feedbacks between the lands, land–atmosphere exchanging fluxes and air temperature locally, accompanied by a significant enhancement in LAC strength. Our study provides insight into the physical processes causing variations in summer temperature over a typical LAC hotspot and suggests that the role of land surface–atmosphere interactions needs to be considered when studying temperature extremes under climate change.
Groundwater Depletion Rate Over China During 1965–2016: The Long‐Term Trend and Inter‐annual Variation
Authors: Huang Zhongwei , Yuan Xing , Sun Siao , Leng Guoyong , Tang Qiuhong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany countries have experienced the increase of groundwater depletion rate (GWDR), posing great challenges to the environment and society. Given the slow variation of groundwater, long‐term estimation of GWDR at high‐resolution is critical for sustainable managements of regional water resources and risks of hydrological extremes in a changing climate. However, limited in‐situ and satellite observations and uncertainties from hydrological model simulations prohibit reliable estimation of the long‐term trend and inter‐annual variation of GWDR. Using survey‐based water withdrawal and water availability datasets, this study provided a spatially distributed estimation of annual GWDR over China at the 0.25° × 0.25° grid scale for the period 1965–2016 using a flux‐based approach. The estimated GWDR has higher spatial resolution and longer temporal coverage than previous products. With the newly compiled data, we found that groundwater over China was depleted at an average rate of 20.4 km3 year−1 during 1965–2016, especially in the arid and semi‐arid areas of northern China. The GWDR showed a significant increasing trend during 1965–2016, but such trend slowed down from 0.66 km3 year−1 during 1965–2001 to 0.06 km3 year−1 during 2001–2016, which was mainly attributed to the deceleration in human water withdrawal. Further analysis showed that over 40% of the inter‐annual variability of GWDR could be explained by precipitation variability, and the climate control increased over time. This study suggested a growing control of climate variations on GWDR over China as the human water withdrawal has been decelerating, and a need for climate change adaptation for a sustainable groundwater management.
Toward Network‐Based Planetary Biosignatures: Atmospheric Chemistry as Unipartite, Unweighted, Undirected Networks
Authors: Wong M. L. , Prabhu A. , Williams J. , Morrison S. M. , Hazen R. M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPrevious examinations of astrophysical chemical reaction networks found that Earth's atmospheric network was distinct in its hierarchical organization and scale‐free nature. If Earth's unique atmospheric network structure is due to the coevolution between the biosphere and atmosphere, it may hint at a novel planetary‐scale biosignature. Here, we use updated chemical reaction networks of planetary atmospheres and explore their topologies using a plethora of diagnostic techniques from network science and graph theory, including global metrics, centrality metrics, community detection, and cluster analysis methods. We show that the topologies of atmospheric chemical reaction networks of different planetary bodies in the Solar System are distinct from one another. While we find that model networks of Earth's atmosphere do not display scale‐free topology, Earth's chemical reaction network is nonetheless distinguishable from those of other Solar System atmospheres through various other metrics. Earth's network has the most nonrandom topology of all the planetary networks and, in some global metrics, is more similar to biological networks than are the other planetary networks. Finally, we discuss how further investigations of atmospheric chemical networks using more advanced network representations and novel network metrics may lead to the development of a network‐based biosignature applicable to exoplanets.
EEAGER: A Neural Network Model for Finding Beaver Complexes in Satellite and Aerial Imagery
Authors: Fairfax Emily , Zhu Eric , Clinton Nicholas , Maiman Stefania , Shaikh Aman , Macfarlane William W. , Wheaton Joseph M. , Ackerstein Dan , Corwin Eddie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBeavers are ecosystem engineers that create and maintain riparian wetland ecosystems in a variety of ecologic, climatic, and physical settings. Despite the large‐scale implications of ongoing beaver conservation and range expansion, relatively few landscape‐scale studies have been conducted, due in part to the significant time required to manually locate beaver dams at scale. To address this need, we developed EEAGER—an image recognition machine learning model that detects beaver complexes in aerial and satellite imagery. We developed the model in the western United States using 13,344 known beaver dam locations and 56,728 nearby locations without beaver dams. Performance assessment was performed in twelve held out evaluation polygons of known beaver occupancy but previously unmapped dam locations. These polygons represented regions similar to the training data as well as more novel landscape settings. Our model performed well overall (accuracy = 98.5%, recall = 63.03%, precision = 25.83%) in these areas, with stronger performance in regions similar to where the model had been trained. We favored recall over precision, which results in a more complete catalog of beaver dams found but also a higher incidence of false positives to be manually removed during quality control. These results have far‐reaching implications for monitoring of beaver‐based river restoration, as well as potential applications detecting other complex landforms.
Quantitative Analysis of Faulting in the Danakil Depression Rift of Afar: The Importance of Faulting in the Final Stages of Magma‐Rich Rifting
Authors: Hurman Gareth L. , Keir Derek , Bull Jonathan M. , McNeill Lisa C. , Booth Adam D. , Bastow Ian D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMagmatic intrusion and faulting both accommodate crustal extension in magma‐rich rifts. However, quantitative constraints on the contribution of faulting to total extension and along‐rift variations of faulting during the final stages of break‐up are lacking. We targeted the Danakil Depression (Afar, Ethiopia) to conduct a quantitative, high‐resolution study of fault activity and interaction in a magma‐rich rift near break‐up. Quantitative analysis of >500 rift axis faults, identified using remote sensing data (satellite imagery, DEMs), shows an increase in fault density, length and connectivity away from magmatic segments. Kinematic and earthquake focal mechanism data demonstrate a transition from transtensional opening in the northern and central sub‐regions of the rift to oblique opening in the southern Giulietti Plain and Tat‐Ali sub‐regions. Oblique opening is attributed to the along‐axis step between the Erta‐Ale and Harak sub‐regions. Integration of seismic reflection and borehole data with the mapped faults shows that extension is primarily accommodated by magmatism within the rift center, with faulting more significant toward the ends of the rift. ∼30% of crustal extension is accommodated by axial faulting in areas of low magmatism, highlighting the importance of faulting even in the final stages of magma‐rich rifting. Comparing our findings with spreading ridge morphology and structure, relevant due to the rift maturity and extensive magmatism, we conclude that the Danakil Depression is in a transitional stage between continental rifting and seafloor spreading. Spatial changes in the importance of faulting and magmatism in accommodating extension, alongside rift morphology, resemble the relationships observed along spreading ridges.
An Analytic Model for Tropical Cyclone Outer Winds
Authors: Cronin Timothy W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe variation of Tropical cyclone azimuthal wind speed (V) with distance from storm center (r) is a fundamental aspect of storm structure with important implications for risk and damages. The theoretical model of Emanuel (2004, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511735035.010), which applies outside the rainy core of the storm, matches radiatively‐driven subsidence and Ekman suction rates just above the boundary layer to obtain a nonlinear differential equation for dV/dr. This model is appealing because of its strong physical foundation, but lacks a known analytic solution for V(r). In this paper, I obtain an analytic solution to V(r) for the Emanuel (2004, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511735035.010) outer wind model. Following previous work, I then use this solution to explore properties of merged wind models that combine the outer model with an inner model, which applies to the rainy core of a storm.
The Phloem: A Case of Theory Against Experiment
Authors: Konrad Wilfried , Roth‐Nebelsick Anita 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe history of the long‐distance transport systems of vascular plants, phloem, and xylem, is a long and winding road of scientific progress which fascinated and occupied foresters, botanists, and physicists during the last 250 years. Although the Münch pressure flow hypothesis of phloem transport is meanwhile generally accepted, some details are not yet really understood. This pertains especially to the sieve plates whose function within the sieve tubes is controversially debated. Recently, Nakad et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022jg007361) contributed a fresh interpretation of the sieve plates based on a simple experimental setup which allowed to study their effect on phloem flow.