bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Becoming a Father, Staying a Father: An Examination of the Cumulative Wage Premium for U.S. Residential Fathers
Authors: Gowen Ohjae 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The instability of fathers’ co-residence with children has become an increasingly prevalent experience for U.S. families. Despite long-standing scholarship examining the relationship between fatherhood and wage advantages, few studies have investigated how variation in fathers’ stable co-residence with a child may produce temporal changes in the wage premium over the life course. Building on prior explanations of the fatherhood wage premium, I test if the wage premium grows with time since the birth of a resident child and if the premium depends on fathers’ co-residence with a child. I use marginal structural models with repeated outcome measures and data from 4060 men in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 to assess the cumulative influence of co-residential biological fatherhood on wages. I find that each year of residential fatherhood is associated with a wage gain of 1.2 percent, while the immediate wage benefit to residential fatherhood is minor. Thus, the fatherhood premium is better understood as an unfolding process of cumulative advantage rather than a one-time bonus. Furthermore, the wage premium ceases to accumulate once fathers lose co-residential status with a child, which highlights the contingency of the premium on stable co-residence. Together, these findings shed light on one pathway through which family (in)stability—a phenomenon fundamentally embedded in individual life experiences—stratifies men’s wages across the life course.
Poor self-reported sleep quality associated with suicide risk in a community sample of American Indian adults
Authors: Ehlers Cindy L , Karriker-Jaffe Katherine J , Bernert Rebecca 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStudy ObjectivesAlthough American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) have high suicide rates few studies have systematically investigated sleep quality and its association with suicidal behaviors in AI/AN. This study is a cross-sectional investigation of self-reported sleep quality and suicidal behaviors in an adult AI population.MethodsA semi-structured interview was used to collect data on suicidal ideation, suicidal plans, and suicidal attempts and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was collected to assess sleep quality in American Indian adults.ResultsIn this sample (n = 477), 91 (19%) of the participants endorsed suicidal ideation (thoughts and plans), and 66 (14%) reported suicidal attempts, including four who subsequently died by suicide. More women reported suicidal thoughts or acts than men. Those endorsing suicidal thoughts slept fewer hours during the night, reported more nocturnal awakenings, and showed poorer subjective sleep quality according to PSQI total scores compared to those with no suicidal thoughts or acts. Participants with suicidal acts (n = 66) reported more bad dreams and higher PSQI total scores compared to those with no suicidal thoughts or acts. When those with any suicidal thoughts or acts (n = 157, 33%) were compared to those without, they were more likely to endorse nocturnal awakenings and bad dreams and demonstrated significantly higher PSQI total scores.ConclusionsAlthough additional research is needed to evaluate sleep disturbances as a proximal, causal risk factor for suicidal behaviors in AI, findings highlight need for further study of sleep as a warning sign and intervention tool for suicide prevention among American Indian adults.
Understanding private foundations in the UK—Square pegs and round holes?
Authors: James Georgina 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
There is no entity equivalent to a private foundation under English law. However, private foundations are popular wealth management vehicles and are frequently used by international families for management of and succession to multi-jurisdictional assets. This article examines the competing considerations when trying to understand how private foundations are characterised as a matter of English law, and as a result how they may be treated for tax purposes in the UK.
‘No future to look forward to’, Suicide Pacts, Intimacy and Society in 1920s and 1930s Britain
Authors: Fredrickson Jacob 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the years after the First World War, a worrying legal and cultural phenomenon appeared in the English criminal court, something that would captivate the reading public throughout Britain. Young people, specifically young couples, were agreeing to die together, in what would become known as a ‘suicide pact’. This article examines the curiously brief life of the suicide pact as a legal, social, and cultural problem in Britain. It contends that the suicide pact became a site through which the scale and pace of modern life, and particularly intimate life, was debated and judged. The suicide pact, this article argues, provides another vantage point to unpack the fraught twentieth-century relationship between individual freedom in sexual life, and the norms, values and patterns of community and the family. In exploring this tension, this article also presents a new way of thinking about the history of both intimate and social life in twentieth-century Britain.
Neurocysticercosis and hydrocephalus: the value of ventriculoperitoneal shunting in its management
Authors: Cruz Lya , Pacheco Edgar , Soto Walter , Cong Roberto , Suastegui Roberto , Moreno-Jimenez Sergio , Fleury Agnès 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Hydrocephalus is the main complication of extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis (EP-NC). Its symptomatic management relies mainly on the placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS). Previous studies have shown that this surgical procedure is associated with a poor prognosis, but current information is lacking.

Methods
We included 108 patients with a definitive diagnosis of EP-NC and hydrocephalus requiring VPS placement. We evaluated their demographic, clinical, and inflammatory characteristics, as well as the frequency of complications related to VPS placement.

Results
Hydrocephalus was present at the time of NC diagnosis in 79.6% of patients. VPS dysfunction occurred in 48 patients (44.4%), mainly within the first year after placement (66.7%). The dysfunctions were not associated with the location of the cyst, the inflammatory characteristics of the cerebrospinal fluid or the administration of cysticidal treatment. They were significantly more frequent in patients in whom the decision to place a VPS was made in the emergency department. Two years after VPS, patients’ Karnofsky score averaged 84.6±15 and only one patient died of a cause directly related to VPS.

Conclusions
This study confirmed the utility of VPS and showed a significant improvement in the prognosis of patients requiring VPS compared with previous studies.
Applicability of Shoulder, Olecranon, and Wrist-based Skeletal Maturity Estimation Systems to the Modern Pediatric Population
Authors: Furdock Ryan J. , Kuo Andy , Chen Kallie J. , Liu Raymond W. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
The proximal humerus ossification system (PHOS), olecranon apophyseal ossification system (OAOS), and modified Fels wrist skeletal maturity system (mFWS) were recently developed or updated using a historical, mostly White, pediatric population. These upper extremity skeletal maturity systems have demonstrated skeletal age estimation performance superior or equivalent to Greulich and Pyle in historical patients. Their applicability to modern pediatric populations has not yet been evaluated.

Methods:
We reviewed anteroposterior shoulder, lateral elbow, and anteroposterior hand and wrist x-rays of 4 pediatric cohorts: White males, Black males, White females, and Black females. Peripubertal x-rays were evaluated: males 9 to17 years and females 7 to 15 years. Five nonpathologic radiographs for each age and joint were randomly selected from each group. Skeletal age estimates made by each of the 3 skeletal maturity systems were plotted against the chronological age associated with each radiograph and compared between cohorts, and with the historical patients.

Results:
Five hundred forty modern radiographs were evaluated (180 shoulders, 180 elbows, and 180 wrists). All radiographic parameters had inter- and intra-rater reliability coefficients at or above 0.79, indicating very good reliability. For PHOS, White males had delayed skeletal age compared with Black males (Δ−0.12 y, P=0.02) and historical males (Δ−0.17 y, P<0.001). Black females were skeletally advanced compared with historical females (Δ0.11 y, P=0.01). For OAOS, White males (Δ−0.31 y, P<0.001) and Black males (Δ−0.24 y, P<0.001) had delayed skeletal age compared with historical males. For mFWS, White males (Δ0.29 y, P=0.024), Black males (Δ0.58 y, P<0.001), and Black females (Δ0.44 y, P<0.001) had advanced skeletal age compared with historical counterparts of the same sex. All other comparisons were not significant (P>0.05).

Conclusions:
The PHOS, OAOS, and mFWS have mild discrepancies in skeletal age estimates when applied to modern pediatric populations depending on the race and sex of the patient.

Level of Evidence:
Level III – retrospective chart review.
Stabilization of Recurrent Elbow Instability in the Presence of Hyperlaxity in Children Using a Nonanatomic Soft Tissue Reconstruction
Authors: Jones Neil John , Ayub Anouska , Vaghela Kalpesh R. , DiMascio Livio , Firth Gregory B. , Williams Daniel 
Published: May 2023

Despite growing concordance of opinion in the adult setting, pediatric elbow instability and its management are poorly represented in the literature due to its low prevalence and often unique circumstances. The authors present a case of posttraumatic recurrent posterior pediatric elbow instability in a patient with joint hypermobility. Our patient, a 9-year-old girl, sustained a right-sided supracondylar fracture of the humerus in April 2019. Having been managed operatively, the elbow remained unstable and dislocated posteriorly in extension. Definitive surgical management was designed to provide a stable functional elbow. The principle of the surgery was to create a checkrein of tissue, not changing in length in extension and flexion, and to prevent further posterior elbow instability. A 3 mm slip of the central triceps tendon was dissected, leaving its attachment to the olecranon tip. Gracilis allograft was sutured to the strip of the triceps tendon to increase the tensile properties of the native tendon graft using a braided nonabsorbable suture. The tendon construct was then passed through a window made in the olecranon fossa and a transosseous tunnel in the ulna from the coronoid tip to the dorsal cortex. The tendon was tensioned and secured to the radial-dorsal aspect of the ulna with a nonabsorbable suture anchor in 90 degrees of flexion. At one year follow-up, the patient has a stable and pain-free elbow joint with no functional limitations.
Improving Perioperative Preparation for Patients Undergoing Surgical Treatment for Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Byrd Jacqueline N. , Huynh Kristine A. , Cho Hoyune E. , Chung Kevin C. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
We aimed to review common patient concerns after surgical repair of distal radius fracture (DRF) to identify potential interventions to improve the gap between expectation and education for DRF patients.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 100 consecutive patients who underwent surgical repair of DRF at a level I trauma center. Patient-initiated communication notes were reviewed with thematic analysis to identify the common reasons patients required additional information. We used the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool to score the available educational resources for DRF patients for the understandability and actionability of the educational materials provided to the patients.

Results:
Of 165 patient communication episodes, 88.5% occurred postoperatively. The most common concerns were pain (30, 15.4%) and surgical site changes (24, 12.3%). Most communications (171, 83.4%) were resolved with patient education through instruction or reassurance. The reviewed materials did not address pain or surgical site changes. No reviewed materials provided actionable steps patients could take to facilitate recovery.

Conclusions:
Pain management and normal wound healing were the most common surgical concerns of DRF patients. We identify opportunities to improve expectation-setting in online materials and during face-to-face education to create a more patient-centered perioperative experience.
The Impact of an Intervention to Improve Caregiver Contribution to Heart Failure Self-care on Caregiver Anxiety, Depression, Quality of Life, and Sleep
Authors: Locatelli Giulia , Rebora Paola , Occhino Giuseppe , Ausili Davide , Riegel Barbara , Cammarano Andrea , Uchmanowicz Izabella , Alvaro Rosaria , Vellone Ercole , Zeffiro Valentina 
Published: May 2023

Background
Better caregiver contribution to self-care in heart failure is associated with better patient outcomes. However, caregiver contribution to self-care is also associated with high anxiety and depression, poor quality of life, and poor sleep in caregivers. It is still unclear whether interventions that encourage caregivers to contribute more to patient self-care might increase caregivers' anxiety and depression and decrease their quality of life and sleep.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a motivational interview intervention aimed at improving caregiver contribution to self-care in heart failure on caregivers' anxiety, depression, quality of life, and sleep.

Methods
This is a secondary outcome analysis of the MOTIVATE-HF trial. Patients with heart failure and their caregivers were randomized into arm 1 (motivational interview to patients), arm 2 (motivational interview to patients and caregivers), and arm 3 (standard care). Data were collected between June 2014 and October 2018. The article has been prepared following the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials checklist.

Results
A sample of 510 patient-caregiver dyads was enrolled. Over the year of the study, the levels of anxiety, depression, quality of life, and sleep in caregivers did not significantly change among the 3 arms.

Conclusions
Motivational interview aimed at improving caregiver contribution to self-care does not seem to increase caregiver anxiety and depression, nor decrease their quality of life and sleep. Thus, such an intervention might be safely delivered to caregivers of patients with heart failure, although further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Insight into the history and trends of surgical simulation training in education: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Chen Guoqiao , Jin Shengxi , Xia Qiming , Wang Zhifei , Shi Zhaoqi , Chen Guojun , Hong Yucai , Fan Xiaoxiao , Lin Hui 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Surgical simulation training enables surgeons to acquire clinical experience or skills from the operating room to the simulation environment. Historically, it has changed with advances in science and technology. Moreover, no previous study has analyzed this field from the bibliometric analysis dimension. The study aimed to review changes in surgical simulation training worldwide using bibliometric software.

Materials and Methods:
Two searches were performed on the core collection database, Web of Science (WOS), regarding data from 1991 to the end of 2020 using three topic words (surgery, training, and simulation). From January 1st, 2000, to May 15th, 2022, the keyword ‘robotic’ was added for the hotspot exploration. The data were chiefly analyzed by publication date, country, author(s), and keywords using bibliometric software.

Results:
A total of 5,285 articles were initially analyzed, from which it was clear that laparoscopic skill, three-dimensional (3D) printing, and virtual reality (VR) were the main focuses during those study periods. Subsequently, 348 publications on robotic surgery training were identified.

Conclusion:
This study systematically summarizes the current status in the field of surgical simulation training and provides insights into the research focuses and future hotspot in a global context.
Trauma system establishment and outcome improvement: a retrospective national cohort study in South Korea
Authors: Kwon Junsik , Lee Myeonggyun , Kim Yoon , Moon Jonghwan , Huh Yo , Song Seoyoung , Kim Sora , Ko Jung-in , Jung Kyoungwon 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Trauma is a major cause of mortality, disability, and health care costs worldwide. The establishment of a trauma system is known to solve these problems, but few studies have objectively evaluated the impact of a trauma system on outcomes. Since 2012, South Korea has established a national trauma system based on the implementation of 17 regional trauma centers nationwide and the improvement of the prehospital transfer system. This study aimed to measure the changes in performance and outcome according to the established national trauma system.

Material and Methods:
In this national cohort-based, retrospective follow-up observational study, the authors calculated the preventable trauma death rate (PTDR) by conducting a multipanel review of patients who died in 2015, 2017, and 2019. Furthermore, the authors constructed a risk-adjusted mortality prediction model of 4 767 876 patients between 2015 and 2019 using the extended-International Classification of Disease Injury Severity Scores to compare outcomes.

Results:
The PTDR was lower in 2019 than in 2015 (15.7 vs. 30.5, P <0.001) and 2017 (15.7 vs. 19.9%, P<0.001) representing 1247 additional lives saved in 2019 compared to that in 2015. In the risk-adjusted model, total trauma mortality was highest in 2015 at 0.56%, followed by that in 2016 and 2017 (0.50%), 2018 (0.51%), and 2019 (0.48%), revealing a significant decrease in mortality over the years (P<0.001 for trend), representing nearly 800 additional lives saved. The number of deaths for more severe patients with a probability of survival less than 0.25 significantly decreased from 81.50% in 2015 to 66.17% in 2019 (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
The authors observed a significant reduction in the PTDR and risk-adjusted trauma mortality in the 5-year follow-up since 2015 when the national trauma system was established. These findings could serve as a model for low-income and middle-income countries, where trauma systems are not yet established.
Characterizing the most Popular Tinnitus Inquiries: Is Tinnitus Incidence on the Rise Since COVID-19?
Authors: Fritz Christian G. , Choi Jonathan S. , Conway Robert M. , Casale Garrett G. , Bojrab Dennis I. , Babu Seilesh C. 
Published: May 2023

Objective
Approximately 50 million US adults experience chronic tinnitus, yet search behaviors and topics of concern to these patients have not been investigated on a national level.

Study Design
Observational

Setting
Online database and tertiary otology clinic

Patients
Nationwide and institutional samples

Interventions
None

Main Outcome Measure
A search engine optimization tool was utilized to extract metadata on “People Also Ask” (PAA) questions pertaining to tinnitus. Website quality was assessed using JAMA benchmark criteria. Search volume trends were investigated along with institutional-level data on tinnitus incidence.

Results
Of the 500 PAA questions assessed, the majority (54.0%) contained value-type content. The most popular question categories pertained to tinnitus treatment (29.3%), alternative treatment approaches (21.5%), technical details (16.9%), and timeline of symptoms (13.4%). Patients were most interested in treatment with wearable masking devices and most commonly searched for tinnitus as being attributable to a neurologic etiology. Online searches pertaining to unilateral tinnitus symptoms have increased >3-fold since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Likewise, review of patient encounters at our tertiary otology clinic revealed a nearly 2-fold increase in tinnitus consultations since 2020.

Conclusions
Topics of interest and concern identified herein may inform the development of patient education materials and help guide clinical practice. Online search data suggest an increase in tinnitus searches since the onset of COVID-19, which did correlate clinically with an increase in tinnitus consultations at our institution.
A case study of intrathecal baclofen pump motor shutdown secondary to the effect of the magnetic field created by a personal digital tablet and magnetic cover
Authors: FOSTIER Michele , GUSTIN Thierry , DELTOMBE Thierry 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the case of a post-traumatic C6 AIS A tetraplegic patient with spasticity treated with an intrathecal baclofen pump (ITB), who noticed a transient increase in his spasticity each time he used a digital tablet (Ipad®) protected by a magnetic shell placed on his abdomen. Telemetry confirmed transient motor shutdown responsible for withdrawal symptoms each time the tablet was used. Symptoms resolved after the removal of the protective shell. Effects of magnetic fields like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are known to stall the pump rotor, which recover at the end of MRI. Other sources of magnetic fields like laptops or new smartphones with magnet charging technology may also interfere with implanted devices. We therefore recommend patients to avoid close contact of magnetic devices with the intrathecal baclofen pump. More robust studies are warranted to assess the effect of the new magnetic technologies on the function of intrathecal pumps.
Variability in the Transition of Care to Post-Stroke Rehabilitation During the First Wave of COVID-19
Authors: Venkatachalam Aardhra M. , Hossain Sayeeda R. , Manchi Maunica R , Chavez Audrie A. , Abraham Annie M. , Stone Suzanne , Truong Vincent , Cobos Carrie U. , Khuong Toan , Atem Folefac D. , Welch Babu , Ifejika Nneka L. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
Evaluate transitions of acute stroke (AS) and Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility (IRF) care during the first wave of COVID-19.

Design
Retrospective observational study (3 Comprehensive Stroke Centers with hospital-based IRFs) between 1/1/2019-5/31/2019 (AS = 584, IRF = 210) and 1/1/2020-5/31/2020 (AS = 534, IRF = 186). AS characteristics included stroke type, demographics and medical comorbidities. The proportion of patients admitted for AS and IRF care was analyzed graphically and using t-test assuming unequal variances.

Results
The proportion of intracerebral hemorrhage patients (28.5 vs 20.5%, P = 0.035) and those with history of transient ischemic attack (29 vs 23.9%; P = 0.049) increased during the COVID-19 1st wave in 2020. Uninsured AS admissions decreased (7.3 vs 16.6%) while commercially insured increased (42.7 vs 33.4%, P < 0.001).
AS admissions decreased from 116.5/month in 2019 to 98.8/month in 2020 (P = 0.008) with no significant difference in IRF admissions (39/month in 2019, 34.5/month in 2020; P = 0.66).
In 2019, monthly changes in AS admissions coincided with IRF admissions.
In 2020, AS admissions decreased 80.6% from January to February, while IRF admissions remained stable. AS admissions increased 12.8% in Mar 2020, remained stable in April, while IRF admissions decreased by 92%.

Conclusion
Acute stroke hospitalizations significantly decreased per month during the 1st wave of COVID-19, with a delayed effect on the transition from AS to IRF care.