bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward Inclusivity in Preclinical Drug Development: A Proposition to Start with Intestinal Organoids
Authors: Co Julia Y. , Klein Jessica A. , Kang Serah , Homan Kimberly A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRepresentation of humans from diverse backgrounds in the drug development process is key to advancing health equity, and while clinical trial design has recently made strides toward greater inclusivity, preclinical drug development has struggled to make those same gains. One barrier to inclusion is the current lack of robust and established in vitro model systems that simultaneously capture the complexity of human tissues while representing patient diversity. Here, the use of primary human intestinal organoids as a mechanism to advance inclusive preclinical research is proposed. This in vitro model system not only recapitulates tissue functions and disease states, but also retains the genetic identity and epigenetic signatures of the donors from which they are derived. Thus, intestinal organoids are an ideal in vitro prototype for capturing human diversity. In this perspective, the authors call for an industry‐wide effort to leverage intestinal organoids as a starting point to actively and intentionally incorporate diversity into preclinical drug programs.
Matrix Anisotropy Promotes a Transition of Collective to Disseminated Cell Migration via a Collective Vortex Motion
Authors: Su Chia‐Yi , Matsubara Tatsuya , Wu Alex , Ahn Eun Hyun , Kim Deok‐Ho 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCells detached and disseminated away from collectively migrating cells are frequently found during tumor invasion at the invasion front, where extracellular matrix (ECM) fibers are parallel to the cell migration direction. However, it remains unclear how anisotropic topography promotes the transition of collective to disseminated cell migration. This study applies a collective cell migration model with and without 800 nm wide aligned nanogrooves parallel, perpendicular, or diagonal to the cell migration direction. After 120 hour migration, MCF7‐GFP‐H2B‐mCherry breast cancer cells display more disseminated cells at the migration front on parallel topography than on other topographies. Notably, a fluid‐like collective motion with high vorticity is enhanced at the migration front on parallel topography. Furthermore, high vorticity but not velocity is correlated with disseminated cell numbers on parallel topography. Enhanced collective vortex motion colocalizes with cell monolayer defects where cells extend protrusions into the free space, suggesting that topography‐driven cell crawling for defect closure promotes the collective vortex motion. In addition, elongated cell morphology and frequent protrusions induced by topography may further contribute to the collective vortex motion. Overall, a high‐vorticity collective motion at the migration front promoted by parallel topography suggests a cause of the transition of collective to disseminated cell migration.
Strong and Sustainable Supramolecular Nanofiber Assembling in Acoustic Flow Field
Authors: Zhuo Hao , Tong Xing , Zheng Hongzhi , Chen Zehong , Gou Bin , Yuan Weiyan , Wu Lin‐Ping , Zhong Linxin , Peng Xinwen , Lu Jun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHierarchical assembly of polysaccharides into nanofiber is at the core of generating advanced biomimetic nanomaterials. However, the artificial synthesis of supramolecular nanofiber from polysaccharides remains an open challenge due to their complicated structure, irregular, and strong interaction. Herein, by mimicking the assembly of natural macromolecules in an out‐of‐equilibrium state, supramolecular nanofiber is successfully fabricated from natural polysaccharides through regular and strong interaction, and a high‐energy and oriented flow field. The high energy of ultrasound can surmount the energy landscape of dynamically stable electrostatic interaction among polysaccharides, while the acoustic‐oriented streaming overcomes the disordered arrangement of macromolecules, thus inducing the orderly arrangement of polysaccharide chains to form kinetically stable nanofibers. The kinetically trapped assembly and the resulting structural evolution can be monitored by scattering and imaging experiments, while the microscopic mechanism can be confirmed by theoretical simulation. Mechanically strong, water‐resistant, and humidity stimulus‐responsive bioplastic film can be fabricated from the supramolecular nanofibers. The discoveries provide critical insights into the assembly of polysaccharides into supramolecular nanofibers and open up many possibilities to prepare advanced nanomaterials from natural polysaccharides.
Long Persistent Luminescence from Metal–Organic Compounds: State of the Art
Authors: Zhou Bo , Yan Dongpeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe excited‐state tuning of luminescent metal–organic compounds has made great progress in the fields of optical imaging, photocatalysis, photodynamic therapy, light‐emitting devices, sensors, and so on. Although metal–organic compounds with high luminescence efficiency can be realized via enhanced molecular rigidity and heavy‐atom effect, their corresponding luminescence lifetimes are still limited on the order of a nanosecond to a millisecond, owing to the inherent competition between luminous efficiency and lifetime. Therefore, the advanced applications (i.e., persistent afterglow imaging, information security, anti‐counterfeiting, and smart materials, among others) related with long persistent luminescence (LPL, typically with the excited‐state lifetime larger than millisecond) are seriously hindered. This review gives a timely and systematic summary of metal–organic compounds for realizing room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP)‐type and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)‐type LPL during last few years. Particularly, based on the perspectives of time, space, and energy dimensions, fundamental materials design and coordination assembly are systematically described for the first time. Moreover, the internal and external factors of influencing the LPL properties in terms of luminescence efficiency, lifetime, and color are illustrated. Last but not least, perspectives and challenges are also discussed for developing LPL from metal–organic compounds.
Electrochemical Healing of Fractured Metals
Authors: Hsain Zakaria , Akbari Mostafa , Prasanna Adhokshid , Jiang Zhimin , Akbarzadeh Masoud , Pikul James H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRepairing fractured metals to extend their useful lifetimes advances sustainability and mitigates carbon emissions from metal mining and processing. While high‐temperature techniques are being used to repair metals, the increasing ubiquity of digital manufacturing and “unweldable” alloys, as well as the integration of metals with polymers and electronics, call for radically different repair approaches. Herein, a framework for effective room‐temperature repair of fractured metals using an area‐selective nickel electrodeposition process refered to as electrochemical healing is presented. Based on a model that links geometric, mechanical, and electrochemical parameters to the recovery of tensile strength, this framework enables 100% recovery of tensile strength in nickel, low‐carbon steel, two “unweldable” aluminum alloys, and a 3D‐printed difficult‐to‐weld shellular structure using a single common electrolyte. Through a distinct energy‐dissipation mechanism, this framework also enables up to 136% recovery of toughness in an aluminum alloy. To facilitate practical adoption, this work reveals scaling laws for the energetic, financial, and time costs of healing, and demonstrates the restoration of a functional level of strength in a fractured standard steel wrench. Empowered with this framework, room‐temperature electrochemical healing can open exciting possibilities for the effective, scalable repair of metals in diverse applications.
Tough Hydrogel Electrolytes for Anti‐Freezing Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yan Yichen , Duan Sidi , Liu Bo , Wu Shuwang , Alsaid Yousif , Yao Bowen , Nandi Sunny , Du Yingjie , Wang Ta‐Wei , Li Yuzhang , He Ximin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs the soaring demand for energy storage continues to grow, batteries that can cope with extreme conditions are highly desired. Yet, existing battery materials are limited by weak mechanical properties and freeze‐vulnerability, prohibiting safe energy storage in devices that are exposed to low temperature and unusual mechanical impacts. Herein, a fabrication method harnessing the synergistic effect of co‐nonsolvency and “salting‐out” that can produce poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel electrolytes with unique open‐cell porous structures, composed of strongly aggregated polymer chains, and containing disrupted hydrogen bonds among free water molecules, is introduced. The hydrogel electrolyte simultaneously combines high strength (tensile strength 15.6 MPa), freeze‐tolerance (< −77 °C), high mass transport (10× lower overpotential), and dendrite and parasitic reactions suppression for stable performance (30 000 cycles). The high generality of this method is further demonstrated with poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) and poly(N‐tertbutylacrylamide‐co‐acrylamide) hydrogels. This work takes a further step toward flexible battery development for harsh environments.
Full Site‐Specific Addressability in DNA Origami‐Templated Silica Nanostructures
Authors: Wassermann Lea M. , Scheckenbach Michael , Baptist Anna V. , Glembockyte Viktorija , Heuer‐Jungemann Amelie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDNA nanotechnology allows for the fabrication of nanometer‐sized objects with high precision and selective addressability as a result of the programmable hybridization of complementary DNA strands. Such structures can template the formation of other materials, including metals and complex silica nanostructures, where the silica shell simultaneously acts to protect the DNA from external detrimental factors. However, the formation of silica nanostructures with site‐specific addressability has thus far not been explored. Here, it is shown that silica nanostructures templated by DNA origami remain addressable for post silicification modification with guest molecules even if the silica shell measures several nm in thickness. The conjugation of fluorescently labeled oligonucleotides is used to different silicified DNA origami structures carrying a complementary ssDNA handle as well as DNA‐PAINT super‐resolution imaging to show that ssDNA handles remain unsilicified and thus ensure retained addressability. It is also demonstrated that not only handles, but also ssDNA scaffold segments within a DNA origami nanostructure remain accessible, allowing for the formation of dynamic silica nanostructures. Finally, the power of this approach is demonstrated by forming 3D DNA origami crystals from silicified monomers. These results thus present a fully site‐specifically addressable silica nanostructure with complete control over size and shape.
High Energy Harvesting Performances Silicone Elastomer via Filling Soft Dielectric with Stretching Deformability
Authors: Jiang Yingjie , Liu Xueying , Wang Yuhao , Tian Chenchen , Wu Daming , Ning Nanying , Tian Ming 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDielectric elastomer generators (DEGs) with high generated energy density and high conversion efficiency are of great interest. Among several dielectric elastomers (DEs), silicone elastomer filled with ceramic fillers have been extensively studied for their high elasticity, insulation, and permittivity. However, the stretched breakdown strength (Ebs) of such composites decreases significantly under large strain, thus sharply reduces its energy harvesting performances. In this study, a polar rubber‐based dielectric (GNBR) is synthetized and creatively used as “soft filler” for silicone elastomer. Benefiting from the deformability under stretching and its inherent strong interface bonding with silicone elastomer, this soft filler effectively avoids the formation of weak interface under large strain and reduces the local field strength of interface area. As expected, the composite filled with soft filler (GNBR/PMVS) shows enhanced Ebs of 2.8 times that of composite with traditional hard filler (TiO2/PMVS) under equibiaxial strain of 200%. As a result, GNBR/PMVS composite exhibits maximum energy density of 130.5 mJ g−1 with up‐to‐date highest power conversion efficiency of reported DEG (44.5%). The findings will provide new insights in the rational design of DE composites characterized by high stretched breakdown strength for advanced energy harvesting system.
Intramolecular‐Catalyzed Vitrimers with White‐Light Emission for Light‐Emitting Diode Encapsulation
Authors: Gao Hong , Wang Miaomiao , Mao Yifan , Zhao Qingsong , Zhang Cheng , Jin Ling , Xia Youyi , Li Weijin , Zhang Kui , Zeng Haibo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCurrently available encapsulating materials for white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) have certain limitations, such as the toxicity of phosphors and the non‐recyclable nature of the encapsulating materials. In this study, relatively promising encapsulating materials with two significant advantages are developed. First, the chips can be directly encapsulated without phosphors using luminescent encapsulating materials. Second, the encapsulating materials can be reprocessed for recycling via intramolecular catalysis. To this end, blue‐light‐emitting vitrimers (BEVs) are prepared by the reaction of epoxy resin with amines and are found to exhibit strong blue emission and fast stress relaxation via internal catalysis. To obtain white‐light emission, a well‐designed yellow component, perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, is grafted into the BEVs to generate white‐light‐emitting vitrimers (WEVs). A rare synergy of blue‐ and yellow‐light emission affords white‐light emission. When the WEV is used as an encapsulating adhesive for 365 nm LED chips without inorganic phosphors, stable white light with CIE coordinates (0.30, 0.32) is successfully achieved, indicating a promising future for WLED encapsulation.
Development of Highly Stable and Sensitive SAW UV Sensor Based on Ta2O5 Coated 1D ZnO/SnO2 Core–Shell Nanostructures
Authors: Kim Sihyeok , Singh Gurpreet , Jeong YooJae , Lee Seongjun , Lee Keekeun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite extensive research on ultraviolet (UV) sensors based on core–shell heterostructures, most of them exhibit low sensitivities, slow response/recovery times, and unsatisfactory long‐term stabilities, thereby limiting their use in real‐time applications. To solve these problems, a highly sensitive and stable surface acoustic wave (SAW) UV sensor based on novel tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) coated 1D zinc oxide (ZnO)/tin dioxide (SnO2) core–shell nanostructures is introduced. The fabricated SAW‐based UV sensor system, including sensor interface electronics, exhibits a high UV response, fast response/recovery time, and long‐term stability. Prior to device fabrication, coupling of mode (COM) modeling is performed to calculate the optimal parameters for the SAW device. Photoluminescence and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements reveal that the Ta2O5 layer coating effectively suppresses the recombination of photogenerated carriers, leading to an increase in the carrier density and improvement in the UV sensing properties. The evaluated sensitivity and linearity of the proposed sensor are 120.36 ppm (mW cm−2)−1 and 0.988, respectively, in the range of 1–60 µW cm−2. The sensing mechanism of the proposed UV sensor is discussed in detail. Using COMSOL simulations and photo‐corrosion experiments, it is found that the Ta2O5 coated ZnO/SnO2 core–shell heterostructure minimizes the effects of humidity and improves stability.
Highly Efficient and Stable Green Phosphorescent Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Solution‐Processable Ir(III) Complexes with Electron‐Transporting Ancillary Ligands
Authors: Park Ho‐Yeol , Ameen Shahid , Kumaresan Raja , Lee Jieun , Park Jeonghyeon , Song Donghyun , Lee Jaemin , Heo Yuchan , Kim BongSoo , Jin Sung‐Ho 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTwo green heteroleptic Ir(III) complexes are reported, namely, bis[5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐8‐trifluoromethyl‐5H‐benzo[c][1,5]‐naphthyridin‐6‐one](2‐(5‐phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)phenolate)iridium (III) (Ir(CF3BNO)2‐pop) and bis[5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐5H‐benzo[c][1,5]naphthyridin‐6‐one](2‐(5‐phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)phenolate)iridium (III) (Ir(BNO)2‐pop) for solution‐processed phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PHOLEDs). Both the Ir(III) complexes exhibit high external quantum efficiency (EQE) and intense green emission upon using poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT:PSS) as a hole injection layer (HIL); Ir(CF3BNO)2‐pop based PHOLEDs perform better with an EQE of 23% and a current efficiency of 82 cd A−1 than Ir(BNO)2‐pop based PHOLEDs. In addition, to improve device operational lifetime, a crosslinkable HIL material, 9,9'‐(cyclohexane‐1,1‐diylbis(4,1‐phenylene))bis(N‐phenyl‐N‐(4‐(((4‐vinylbenzyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)‐9H‐carbazol‐3‐amine) (CPCzDPAX‐1) is designed and synthesized. Device operational lifetimes of Ir(CF3BNO)2‐pop and Ir(BNO)2‐pop PHOLEDs incorporating the CPCzDPAX‐1 HIL show 14‐fold and 6‐fold improvement, compared to the corresponding devices incorporating the PEDOT:PSS HIL. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the best device lifetime performance by using the combination of new Ir(III) complexes and HIL materials for solution‐processed green PHOLEDs.
Ir‐CoO Active Centers Supported on Porous Al2O3 Nanosheets as Efficient and Durable Photo‐Thermal Catalysts for CO2 Conversion
Authors: Tang Yunxiang , Zhao Tingting , Han Hecheng , Yang Zhengyi , Liu Jiurong , Wen Xiaodong , Wang Fenglong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhoto‐thermal catalytic CO2 hydrogenation is currently extensively studied as one of the most promising approaches for the conversion of CO2 into value‐added chemicals under mild conditions; however, achieving desirable conversion efficiency and target product selectivity remains challenging. Herein, the fabrication of Ir‐CoO/Al2O3 catalysts derived from Ir/CoAl LDH composites is reported for photo‐thermal CO2 methanation, which consist of Ir‐CoO ensembles as active centers that are evenly anchored on amorphous Al2O3 nanosheets. A CH4 production rate of 128.9 mmol gcat⁻1 h⁻1 is achieved at 250 °C under ambient pressure and visible light irradiation, outperforming most reported metal‐based catalysts. Mechanism studies based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations and numerical simulations reveal that the CoO nanoparticles function as photocatalysts to donate electrons for Ir nanoparticles and meanwhile act as “nanoheaters” to effectively elevate the local temperature around Ir active sites, thus promoting the adsorption, activation, and conversion of reactant molecules. In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS) demonstrates that illumination also efficiently boosts the conversion of formate intermediates. The mechanism of dual functions of photothermal semiconductors as photocatalysts for electron donation and as nano‐heaters for local temperature enhancement provides new insight in the exploration for efficient photo‐thermal catalysts.
Magnetosensory Power Devices Based on AlGaN/GaN Heterojunctions for Interactive Electronics
Authors: Zhou Xingyu , Hua Qilin , Sha Wei , Zhu Jiyuan , Liu Ting , Jiang Chunyan , Guo Qi , Jing Liang , Du Chunhua , Zhai Junyi , Hu Weiguo , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe advances in biological magnetoreception and microelectronics have promoted the vigorous development of interactive electronic devices capable of noncontact interaction and control via magnetic fields. Here, a magnetosensory power device (MPD) that integrates a magnetic film ((Fe90Co10)78Si12B10) unit into a cantilever‐structured AlGaN/GaN‐based high‐electron‐mobility‐transistor is presented. The MPD is capable to not only sense external magnetic field, but also control device output power with the emulation of magnetoreception. Specifically, the device can achieve significant control of output power density (18.04 to 18.94 W mm−2) quasi‐linearly with magnetic field stimuli (0–400 mT) at a gate bias of −5 V. In addition, the maximum output power density of the MPD can reach 85.8 W mm−2 when a gate bias of 1 V is applied. The simulation and experimental results show that MPD has excellent orientation and magnetic field sensing functions under 0–400 mT magnetic fields. With the intelligent capabilities of magnetic sense and output power control, such interactive electronic devices will have broad application prospects in the fields of artificial intelligence, advanced robotics, and human‐machine interfaces.
Organic Solvent Free Synthesis and Processing of Semiconducting Polymers for Field Effect Transistors in Waterborne Dispersions
Authors: Ceriani Chiara , Scagliotti Mattia , Losi Tommaso , Luzio Alessandro , Mattiello Sara , Sassi Mauro , Pianta Nicolò , Rapisarda Matteo , Mariucci Luigi , Caironi Mario , Beverina Luca 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConjugated semiconducting polymers are key active materials for printable electronics, sensors and biosensors, organic photovoltaics, organic light emitting devices, and more. The research in the field developed very efficient materials and sound structure property relationships, thus making a case for a transition from laboratory to industrial environment. At this critical juncture, sustainability, and ease of scaling up are at least as important as performances, to the point that efficient materials on a lab scale could become unpractical for the industry. The development of more efficient synthetic protocols and the complete removal of all organic solvents from both the synthesis and the processing of semiconducting polymers can help tremendously to improve sustainability and reduce costs. It is shown that the use of an aqueous dispersion of the food grade surfactant lecithin as the medium, enables the synthesis and processing of the representative semiconducting alternating copolymer poly (9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐alt‐bithiophene) (PF8T2) in high yield and high quality and with transistor performances comparable with those obtained with reference materials synthetized and processed from volatile organic solvents.
Revealing the Competitive Intercalation between Na+ and H+ into Na0.44MnO2 in Aqueous Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xueqian , Chen Jiawu , Ye Jiajia , Zhang Tianwen , Hou Zhiguo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAqueous rechargeable sodium‐ion batteries have attracted increasing attention for large‐scale energy storage applications due to their intrinsic safety and sufficient sodium reserves. The tunnel‐type Na0.44MnO2 has been widely investigated as a promising cathode because of its low cost and high theoretical capacity (120 mAh g−1). However, a capacity higher than 45 mAh g−1 for Na0.44MnO2 in aqueous electrolyte is difficult to obtain. Here, it is found that there is a competitive insertion reaction between H+ and Na+, and the diffusion energy barriers of Na+ are increased along with high Na content in Na0.44MnO2, but the opposite is true for protons. By decreasing the diffusion energy barrier of Na+ and increasing the diffusion energy barrier of protons, a high reversible capacity of 101 mAh g−1 for Na0.44MnO2 in aqueous electrolytes is achieved for the first time. Coupled with a quinone anode, the full cell delivers a high energy density of 60 Wh kg−1 and retains 85% of its capacity for 1200 cycles at a 1 C rate.