bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative assessment of coronary physiology using transthoracic pulsed-wave Doppler and myocardial contrast echocardiography in rats
Authors: Billig Sebastian , Hein Marc , Mechelinck Mare , Schumacher David , Roehl Anna B. , Fuchs Dieter , Kramann Rafael , Uhlig Moritz 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Coronary physiology assessment in rodents by ultrasound is an excellent noninvasive and easy to perform technique, including pulsed-wave Doppler (PWD) and myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE). Both techniques and the corresponding calculated parameters were investigated in this study at rest as well as their response to pharmacologically induced stress.

Methods
Left ventricular myocardial function was assessed in eight anaesthetised rats using transthoracic echocardiography. Coronary physiology was assessed by both PWD of the left coronary artery and MCE using a bolus method. Measurements were performed at rest and under stimulation with adenosine and dobutamine. Effects of stimulation on the calculated parameters were evaluated and rated by effect size (η2).

Results
Changes could be demonstrated by selected parameters of PWD and MCE. The clearest effect in PWD was found for diastolic peak velocity (η2 = 0.58). It increased from 528 ± 110 mm/s (mean ± standard deviation) at rest to 839 ± 342 mm/s (p = 0.001) with adenosine and 1093 ± 302 mm/s with dobutamine (p = 0.001). The most distinct effect from MCE was found for the normalised wash-in rate (η2 = 0.58). It increased from 1.95 ± 0.35% at rest to 3.87 ± 0.85% with adenosine (p = 0.001) and 3.72 ± 1.03% with dobutamine (p = 0.001).

Conclusion
Induced changes in coronary physiology by adenosine and dobutamine could successfully be monitored using MCE and PWD in anaesthetised rats. Due to the low invasiveness of the measurements, this protocol could be used for longitudinal animal studies.
18F-FDG PET/CT in therapy response assessment: oligometastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Nasr Ibrahim Mansour , Maksoud Bader Abdel , Rezk Mahmoud Ali , Badawy Ahmed , Almorsy Walid Ahmed , Ali Ismail Mohamed 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most widespread cancers worldwide, leading to roughly half a million deaths yearly. The European Society for Medical Oncology defined oligometastatic CRC as a disease with few metastases affecting a small number of sites (5 or occasionally more metastases involving up to 3 sites). In addition to colonoscopy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and digital rectal examination in patients with rectal cancer, response monitoring of CRC is commonly carried out by CT imaging. The use of PET for response monitoring has not been adapted into colorectal cancer guidelines until 2021. However, 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) offers a higher efficiency for assessing treatment outcomes than traditional imaging. This study aims to explore the utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in the assessment of therapy response in patients with oligometastatic colorectal cancer (OMCRC).

Results
The study comprised 79 OMCRC patients (35 and 44 patients with synchronous and metachronous metastasis respectively). In synchronous disease patients 18F-FDG PET/CT scan showed significant reduction of mean size and standardized uptake value (SUV) of the primary site lesions and the mean SUV of lymph nodes (LNs) and lung metastases (P = 0.00, 0.00,0.00, and 0.002, respectively) while, metachronous disease patients had significant reduction in the mean size and SUV of LNs (1.8 ± 0.7 & 4.7 ± 1.3 versus 1.1 ± 1.0 & 2.9 ± 3.0, P = 0.001 & 0.00 respectively) and the mean SUV of peritoneal metastases (8.7 ± 4.7 versus 6.8 ± 2.4 P = 0.00). Partial metabolic response (PMR) and stable metabolic disease (SMD) were found in more than half of the patients (58.2%). Complete metabolic response (CMR) and Progressive metabolic disease (PMD), on the other hand, were achieved in 41.8% of patients [17 (21.5%) and 16 (20.3%) patients, respectively] with substantially higher CMR rate in metachronous disease than synchronous disease [14.0 (31.8%) versus 3.0 (8.5%) patients, P = 0.015)].

Conclusions
18F-FDG PET/CT can be added as a valuable imaging method for identifying responders and non-responders among OMCRC patients, as it optimizes the selection of patients with CRC for local therapy and has a significant impact on directing their therapy course. Oligometastatic colorectal cancer seems to be a controllable disease with hopeful therapy outcomes, particularly for those with metachronous metastases.
The value of blood and urine metabolomics in differential diagnosis of cholestasis in infants
Authors: Eshiaty Samah Abdelfatah , Abdelsattar Shimaa , Sweed Dina , Abdel-Aziz Samira A. , Elfert Ashraf , Elsaid Hala 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Early detection of biliary atresia (BA) is a great challenge providing the main useful way to improve its clinical consequence. Promising metabolomics provides an effective method for determining innovative biomarkers and biochemical ways for improving early diagnosis. This study aimed to determine the benefit of serum and urinary potential bile acid metabolites in the differentiation of BA from non-biliary atresia (non-BA) cases using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Fourteen bile acids metabolites were measured quantitively by MS/MS in serum and urine samples from 102 cholestatic infants and 102 control infants, in addition to the assay of the total serum bile acid enzymatically.

Results
After the diagnostic clinical and laboratory workflow, cholestatic infants were divided into BA (37 infants) and non-BA (65 infants) subgroups. Remarkably on analysis of serum individual bile acid concentrations, there were significant differences between cholestatic BA and non-BA regarding serum (glycocenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), and GCDCA/chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) ratio) (p < 0.001, for all), while there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding serum level of (cholic acid (CA), glycocholic (GCA), or TCDCA/CDCA ratio). There were no significant differences in either the urinary individual bile acids or urinary primary bile acids (conjugated or unconjugated) between BA and non-BA. Further principal component analysis (PCA) analysis was done and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed using score plots of the positive factors in the first two principal components PC1 (CA, GCA, GCDCA, TCA, TCDCA) and PC2 (CA, CDCA, lithocholic (LCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)) for establishing the differences between the two diseased groups and revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) for PC1 was (0.770) higher than AUC for PC2 (0.583) indicating that the positive components of PC1 may be potential biomarkers for differentiation between the two cholestatic groups.

Conclusions
Metabolomics of serum bile acid levels using tandem mass spectrometry might change the paradigm differentiating BA from non-BA saving patients from unnecessary invasive procedures.
Αξιολόγηση της ικανότητας εξαγωγής συμπεράσματος σε παιδιά με Αναπτυξιακή Γλωσσική Διαταραχή: Πιλοτική μελέτη και προκαταρκτικά συμπεράσματα
Authors: Κεχαγιά Θεοδώρα , Τάλλη Ιωάννα 
Published: February 2023

Στόχος της παρούσας μελέτης είναι να εξετάσει εάν τα παιδιά με Αναπτυξιακή Γλωσσική Διαταραχή (ΑΓΔ) έχουν δυσκολίες στην εξαγωγή συμπεράσματος. Στη μελέτη συμμετείχαν τριάντα παιδιά ηλικίας 5.1 – 6.5 ετών, εκ των οποίων τα είκοσι ήταν τυπικής ανάπτυξης και τα δέκα με Αναπτυξιακή Γλωσσική Διαταραχή. Όλα τα παιδιά εξετάστηκαν προ-πειραματικά με σταθμισμένα και μη σταθμισμένα εργαλεία αξιολόγησης γλωσσικών ικανοτήτων. Το κύριο πειραματικό μέρος περιελάμβανε αξιολόγηση εξαγωγής συμπεράσματος, η οποία πραγματοποιούνταν με είκοσι σύντομες ιστορίες πολλαπλής επιλογής. Οι ιστορίες παρουσιάζονταν προφορικά στα παιδιά, τα οποία καλούνταν να επιλέξουν μία από τις τρεις διαθέσιμες απαντήσεις στις ερωτήσεις που τους είχαν τεθεί. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν πως η ομάδα των παιδιών με ΑΓΔ σημείωσε στατιστικά χαμηλότερα ποσοστά επιτυχίας σχεδόν σε όλες τις ιστορίες (εκτός από δύο) σε σχέση με τα τυπικώς αναπτυσσόμενα. Συμπεραίνεται πως τα παιδιά με Αναπτυξιακή Γλωσσική Διαταραχή έχουν δυσκολίες στην εξαγωγή συμπεράσματος, όπως επιβεβαιώνεται και από τη διεθνή βιβλιογραφία. Συζητούνται οι επιπτώσεις για την αξιολόγηση και θεραπευτική παρέμβαση.
Sphero Versus Dragon Ball-Z
Authors: Johnson Brian T. , Bramwell Rebecca 
Published: February 2023

The lesson begins with a challenge to complete a specific course using a Sphero Spark Plus robot. Spheros were selected for this activity since they provide students with highly engaging opportunities to engaging in productive struggle to master mathematical concepts (Wheeler, Smith & Gardner ,2020). Through questioning, students review properties of right triangles, the Pythagorean Theorem, and protractor use before strategically block-coding a path through the course. Students were given a traced practice course, but the final test was to take their Sphero to the “official track” which had bumpers. Will their code be accurate enough to successfully navigate the course?
Topics:
Considering Structure in Online Learning
Authors: Shepherd Craig E. 
Published: February 2023

This week-long, asynchronous online module introduces the theory of transactional distance, particularly the component associated with structure, to graduate-level instructional design students enrolled in a seminar course about online learning. Learners were also introduced to publicly available Quality Matters rubrics and other readings associated with the effective design of online instruction. To demonstrate their understanding of the topic, learners imported skeletal learning resources into a course shell and developed them further in terms of sequence, clarity, organization, and purpose based on assigned readings and discussions. Because dialogue and accessibility concepts were covered more fully in later modules, these topics were minimized during this module.
Topics: distance education, online learning, learning management system, course design, structure, clarity, organization.
Time: One week was allocated for this lesson.
Assessing knowledge and awareness regarding snakebite and management of snakebite envenoming in healthcare workers and the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Afroz Afsana , Siddiquea Bodrun Naher , Shetty Aishwarya Narendra , Jackson Timothy N. W. , Watt Andrew D. 
Published: February 2023

Background
Snakebite envenoming is a serious and life-threatening medical condition that predominantly affects people living in rural communities across Africa, Asia, and Latin America. As our climate changes, there is a growing concern that negative human–snake interactions will increase. Our ability to prevent and manage snakebite requires effective antivenoms as well as knowledge regarding the prevention and management of snakebite among healthcare workers and affected communities across the globe. This systematic review aims to assess existing levels of knowledge regarding snakebite prevention and management in both healthcare workers and affected communities.

Methods
This review was conducted on studies reporting quantitative measurements to evaluate knowledge and practice regarding snakebite prevention and management published in major databases between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2021. Random effects modelling was used to obtain the pooled proportion. Heterogeneity (I2) was tested, and sensitivity analyses performed.

Results
Out of 3,697 records, 16 studies from 12 countries assessing 7,640 participants were included. Four of the studies were ranked as good quality studies, 9 as fair, and 3 as poor. This study results demonstrated that 56% of the study population answered the knowledge question correctly (95% CI 48% to 63%, p < 0.001). High heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 97.29%), with marginal publication bias (Egger’s regression test, p = 0.0814). Participants had relatively higher knowledge concerning use of antivenom as preferred treatment, followed by snakebite prevention, knowledge of signs and symptoms of snakebite, knowledge of first-aid, and knowledge of treatment. Participants had lower knowledge relating to types of snakes and the identification of snakes.

Conclusion
Adequate knowledge about snakebites and its management among the general population and healthcare workers was 56%. Healthcare workers and communities across Asia showed higher relative knowledge compared to those in Africa and the Middle East. These data suggest that further education is needed in both the general population and among healthcare workers to ensure that appropriate preventative and patient management techniques are being utilised in snakebite endemic regions. Greater local awareness of the risks and appropriate management of snakebite is required to reduce the burden of snakebite mortality and morbidity.
Primary health care during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative exploration of the challenges and changes in practice experienced by GPs and GP trainees
Authors: Grut Minka , de Wildt Gilles , Clarke Joanne , Greenfield Sheila , Russell Alice 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly changed general practice in the UK. Research is required to understand how General Practitioners (GPs) and GP trainees adjusted to these changes, so that beneficial changes might be sustained, and Primary Health Care (PHC) can be prepared for future challenges. This study explored the experiences and perspectives of GP and GP trainees during the pandemic.MethodsRemote, semi-structured interviews (n = 21) were conducted with GPs (n = 11) and GP trainees (n = 10), recruited from across the UK using convenience and purposive sampling. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Interview data were analysed with an inductive thematic approach.ResultsFive overarching themes were identified: (1)‘Thrown in at the deep end’;(2)Telemedicine:‘it needs to be a happy balance’; (3)Delayed referrals and ‘holding’ patients; (4)The Covid Cohort–training in Covid; (5)Suggestions and lessons for the future of general practice’. GPs reported a turbulent and uncertain time of major changes to PHC. They described the benefits of technology in general medicine, particularly telemedicine, when used in a balanced manner, highlighting the need for accompanying teaching and guidelines, and the importance of patient preferences. Key tools to help GPs manage patients with delayed referrals to Secondary Care were also identified.ConclusionSeveral key changes to general practice occurred as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, including a rapid uptake of telemedicine. The pandemic exposed the strengths and limitations of normal general practice and highlighted the importance of workplace camaraderie. These findings contribute to the evidence base used to adapt PHC infrastructures as we emerge from the pandemic.
A qualitative evidence synthesis exploring people after stroke, family members, carers and healthcare professionals’ experiences of early supported discharge (ESD) after stroke
Authors: Connor Elaine O. , Dolan Eamon , Horgan Frances , Galvin Rose , Robinson Katie 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveEarly supported discharge (ESD) after stroke has been shown to generate significant cost savings and reduce both hospital length of stay, and long-term dependency. This study aimed to systematically review and synthesise qualitative studies of the experiences and views of ESD from the perspective of people after stroke, their family members, carers and healthcare professionals.MethodA systematic search of eleven databases; CINAHL, PubMed Central, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Sage, Academic Search Complete, Directory of Open Access Journal, The Cochrane Library, PsycARTICLES and SCOPUS, was conducted from 1995 to January 2022. Qualitative or mixed methods studies that included qualitative findings on the perspectives or experiences of people after stroke, family members, carers and healthcare professionals of an ESD service were included. The protocol was registered with the Prospero database (Registration: CRD42020135197). The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the 10-item CASP checklist for qualitative studies. Results were synthesised using Thomas and Harden’s three step approach for thematic synthesis.ResultsFourteen studies were included and five key themes were identified (1) ESD eases the transition home, but not to community services, (2) the home environment enhances rehabilitation, (3) organisational, and interprofessional factors are critical to the success of ESD, (4) ESD is experienced as a goal-focused and collaborative process, and (5) unmet needs persisted despite ESD.ConclusionThe findings of this qualitative evidence synthesis highlight that experiences of ESD were largely very positive. The transition from ESD to community services was deemed to be problematic and other unmet needs such as information needs, and carer support require further investigation.
Association between sociodemographic factors and cholesterol-lowering medication use in U.S. adults post-myocardial infarction
Authors: Mansi Elizabeth T. , Banks Samantha , Littman Alyson J. , Weiss Noel S. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction
Cholesterol-lowering medications offer effective secondary prevention after myocardial infarction (MI). Our objective was to evaluate the association between sociodemographic factors and cholesterol-lowering medication use in high-risk adults.

Methods
We conducted an analysis using weighted data from 31,408 participants in the 2017 and 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Systems cross-sectional surveys, who had a self-reported history of MI and high blood cholesterol. The sociodemographic factors evaluated were sex, age, race and ethnicity, annual household income, education level, relationship status, and reported healthcare coverage. We estimated the weighted prevalence of medication use, and weighted prevalence differences (with 95% confidence intervals) across categories, adjusting for sex, age group, healthcare coverage, smoking status, hypertension, and diabetes.

Results and discussion
Overall, 83% of survey participants with a self-reported history of both MI and high blood cholesterol reported currently using a cholesterol-lowering medication. The prevalence of use was only 61% in those without self-reported healthcare coverage, compared to 85% of those with healthcare coverage (adjusted prevalence difference of -20%; 95% CI: -25% to -14%). Use of cholesterol-lowering medication was relatively low in younger adults and higher in older adults, leveling off after age 65 years. The proportion of Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islanders who were using a cholesterol-lowering medication was relatively low, but otherwise there was little variation by race and ethnicity. Household income, education level, and relationship status were weakly or not associated with medication use.

Conclusions
Knowledge of characteristics of persons who are relatively less likely to be adherent with cholesterol-lowering medications for secondary prevention may be useful to policymakers and healthcare providers involved in the long-term treatment of MI patients. Policy makers might consider a reduced cost prescription coverage for persons without current healthcare coverage who have sustained an MI to reduce future cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Violent victimization at the intersections of sexual orientation, gender identity, and race: National Crime Victimization Survey, 2017–2019
Authors: Flores Andrew R. , Wilson Bianca D. M. , Langton Lynn L. , Meyer Ilan H. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction
Prior research has found that experiences with violence in the U.S. differ across individual demographic characteristics, including race, gender, and sexual orientation. However, peer reviewed studies have yet to examine the relationship between the intersections of race, gender, and sexual orientation, victimization risk, and characteristics of victimization.

Methods
We use data from three years (2017–2019) of the National Crime Victimization Survey, the primary source of information on criminal victimization in the United States, to examine victimization at the intersection of sexual orientation, gender, and race/ethnicity. We test whether non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White sexual and gender minority (SGM) persons aged 16 or over are victimized at greater rates than their non-SGM counterparts and assess whether there are differences between sexual minority females and males of each racial group. We further document characteristics of victimization such as reporting to the police by SGM status and race or ethnicity.

Results
We find that SGMs are disproportionately more likely to be victims of violent crime than non-SGM people, and these disparities are present across the assessed racial and ethnic groups (non-Hispanic Black odds ratio [OR] = 3.3, 90% CI [CI] = 1.36, 5.16; Hispanic OR = 4.5, CI = 2.25, 6.71; non-Hispanic White OR = 4.8, CI = 2.25, 6.71). However, sexual orientation disparities are statistically distinguishable for lesbian or bisexual (LB) non-Hispanic White and Hispanic females but not for non-Hispanic Black LB females. Among LB females, the overall differences in victimization were primarily driven by bisexual respondents. We further find racial and ethnic differences among SGM victims in the likelihood of having the victimization reported to the police, in the utilization of community (non-police) resources, and in other aspects of victimization experiences, such as whether arrests occurred or in the suspicion that the violent incident was a hate crime.

Conclusions
Our findings raise indicate a complex picture of how sexual orientation, gender identity, sex, and race and ethnicity interact in victimizations and their characteristics that should be further explored.
Gracefully twisting the neck: literary commentaries as a (meta)genre of scholarly discourse
Authors: Cuneo Daniele , Ganser Elisa 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Commentaries on literary texts, be they Kāvyas or Nāṭyas, are a prolific though still much understudied genre in South Asia. The stress on the literary text as the achieved and circumscribed “work of art” has undermined studies on the reception history, transmission, and composing and staging of literary texts, where the poem or drama in its entirety is not always the main unit to be considered. Along these lines, literary commentaries are crucial for understanding the relation between theoretical prescriptions and compositional/performative practices, as they often put these two dimensions of literature (the theoretical and the practical) into dialogue. Moreover, a host of knowledge systems (nāṭyaśāstra, alaṃkāraśāstra, vyākaraṇa, mīmāṃsā, etc.), along with their philosophical insights, technical vocabulary, and hermeneutical techniques, are employed, combined, and creatively refunctionalized in literary commentaries, which therefore represent a liminal genre of śāstra that crosses the seemingly well-established boundaries among disciplines and offers to the modern scholar a unique window into the intellectual life of premodern South Asia.