bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The bioceramic sealer iRoot SP promotes osteogenic differentiation of human stem cells from apical papilla via miR‐141‐3p/SPAG9/MAPK signalling pathway
Authors: Xue Kaiyang , Hu Guang , Wu Laidi , Han Hao , Sun Yuhui , Gan Kang , Zhu Juanfang , Du Tianfeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimThe premixed bioceramic sealer iRoot SP that is widely used clinically has been reported to kill bacterial biofilms and promote osteogenic differentiation of human stem cells from the apical papilla (hSCAPs). Although miR‐141‐3p has been substantiated to be involved in the osteogenic process, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR‐141‐3p in osteogenic differentiation and underlying mechanisms of iRoot SP‐treated hSCAPs.MethodologyhSCAPs were extracted from tissue blocks with enzyme digestion and identified by using immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and alizarin red staining. The mRNA expression level of miR‐141‐3p in hSCPAs after culture with iRoot SP was examined by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) assay. SPAG9 was identified as a downstream target gene of miR‐141‐3p by dual‐luciferase report assay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and activity detection, alizarin red staining, calcium concentration assay, qRT‐PCR and western blot were used to estimate osteogenic differentiation ability and involved protein expression levels of the osteogenic makers and signalling pathway‐related factors in iRoot SP‐treated hSCAPs. Data were analysed by one‐wayanovaandpost hocTukey's test to determine any statistical differences between the experimental groups and the control group.p < .05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsExpression of miR‐141‐3p was reduced in iRoot SP‐treated hSCAPs with the increased exposure time up to 7 days, and the western blot and qRT‐PCR results revealed that the osteogenic markers osteocalcin (OCN), osterix (OSX), runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) were inversely correlated with miR‐141‐3p. The negative regulatory relationship between miR‐141‐3p and SPAG9/ mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) signalling axis was validated in thisin vitroexperiments.ConclusionsThe bioceramic sealer iRoot SP promoted osteogenic differentiation of hSCAPs by inhibiting miR‐141‐3p following down‐regulated SPAG9 expression, and activated MAPK pathway. These findings proposed a novel therapeutic impact of bioceramic sealer iRoot SP inducing bone regeneration in refractory periapical periodontitis.
Powder synthesis, densification, microstructure, and mechanical properties of HfB2‐HfC ceramic composites
Authors: Sun Wenzhou , Tian Yu , Xu Shidiao , Liu Limeng , Lu Youjun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA new route based on HfO2 + B4C + C → HfB2 + HfC + CO reaction was developed to synthesize HfB2‐HfC hybrid powders. X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate the powder products. The effects of excess additions of B4C and C on the phase constituents of the powder products were investigated. Thermodynamics of relevant reactions for the synthesis of the hybrid powders were calculated to guide the selection of compositions and processing parameters. The results indicated that HfB2‐HfC hybrid powders were obtained by reaction at 1750°C for 1 h. HfB2:HfC phase content ratios showed a dependence on B4C and C additions. The obtained hybrid powders exhibited good oxidation resistance with an oxidation activation energy of 303 kJ/mol. Good sinterability of the powder products was demonstrated by spark plasma sintering at 2100°C. The consolidated ceramics based on them measured good Vickers’ hardness values (>26.0 ± .5 GPa) and fracture toughness (>3.78 ± .27 MPa·m1/2).
Effect of lactic acid fermentation on the quality and phytochemical constituent in smoothies made from the leaves of different sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) cultivars
Authors: Mashitoa Florence M. , Akinola Stephen A. , Shoko Tinotenda , Seke Faith , Sunette Laurie M. , Sultanbawa Yasmina , Sivakumar Dharini 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThis study investigated the effect of fermentation by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 75 (L75) on the physicochemical properties, survival of L75, sensory, antioxidants and their activities in leaf smoothies of six sweet potato cultivars [Orange‐fleshed (OFSP): ‘Bophelo’, and ‘Beauregard’; cream‐fleshed (CFSP): ‘Blesbok’ and ‘Ndou’; and purple‐fleshed (PFSP): ‘08.21p’ and ‘Purple‐purple’]. Fermentation significantly affected the physiochemical properties. Fermentation for 24 h improved the carotenoid (TCC), ascorbic acid (AA) (6.8, 6.0 mg 100 g−1) and total phenolic (4435 mg 100 g−1) significantly in, ‘Bophelo’ smoothies. Whilst 48 h fermentation significantly increased the TCC, AA, organic acids, valine and alanine levels in ‘Blesbok’ smoothies'. Principal component analysis separated the unfermented ‘Bophelo’ and Purple‐purple’ leaf smoothies from fermented leaf smoothies of OFSP, CSFP, and PFSP. DPPH scavenging activity and alpha‐carotene were effective markers for separating fermented from unfermented leaf smoothies in the variable importance study. Survival of L75 was influenced by fermentation duration and cultivar type. Fermented and unfermented smoothies were equally acceptable.
Effects of different pH, temperature, and pressurisation time on the stability of chlorophylls treated with Zn2+ and high hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Hu Yuwei , Sun Hongnan , Mu Taihua 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThis study provides an effective method to improve the stability of chlorophylls. The effects of different pH, temperature, and pressurisation time on the colour, antioxidant activity, Zn2+ replacement ratio, structure, and thermal stability of chlorophylls treated with Zn2+ (10 mg 100 mL−1) and high hydrostatic pressure (500 MPa) were investigated. The electronic eye, ultraviolet spectrophotometer, high‐performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared, and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) online monitor cooperated with fluorescence spectrophotometer were used to investigate the effects of different pH values, water bath temperatures, and pressurisation time on the colour, antioxidant activity, Zn2+ replacement ratio, and structure of chlorophylls. The highest −a* (6.92), antioxidant activity (ABTS 41.01 g ACE 100 g−1, DPPH 52.86 g ACE 100 g−1, FRAP 35.72 g TE 100 g−1 DW), and Zn2+ replacement ratio (47.32%) were obtained at 50 °C, pH = 7.0, and 20 min. It is hoped that this study will provide a new idea for the protection of natural pigments.
Ethanol/salt aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) for enrichment and identification of bioactive constituents escaping during pectin extraction
Authors: Ruan Cheng‐wei , Jiang Wen‐xin , Liao Jin‐song , Liu Zi‐wei , Song Ya‐ting , Qi Jun‐ru 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThe acid heating extraction process is commonly employed to extract pectin from citrus peels, which results in the leaching of bioactive constituents into solvents. However, the discharge of these solvents represents a significant loss of valuable resources. To address this issue, this study aims to identify the composition and concentration of the bioactive constituents that escape into the solvents and propose an extraction process based on an ethanol‐salt aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS). The well‐designed ATPS enables the enrichment and recovery of the bioactive constituents, and the findings demonstrate that the ethanol/sodium citrate‐based ATPS can recover up to 80.61% of limonoids, 84.11% of flavonoids, and 88.09% of polyphenols that escape at an enrichment efficiency of 50.00%. Moreover, HPLC‐DAD and UPLC‐HRMS analysis of the ATPS extracts revealed the presence of nine bioactive constituents, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and limonoids. Remarkably, in vitro antioxidant capacity studies indicate that the ATPS extracts exhibit superior antioxidant activity compared to the vacuum‐concentrated solution. Thus, these results suggest that the application of ATPS extraction is a feasible and promising strategy for the recovery of bioactive constituents.
Isolation and characterisation of cellulose nanocrystals from kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata): a sustainable packaging material
Authors: Punia Bangar Sneh , Love Reid , Whiteside William Scott , Doh Hansol , Darby Duncan O. , Bridges William S. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryFlexible packaging has become indispensable in the food industry due to its numerous advantages. However, it has certain drawbacks, such as limited recyclability and environmental contamination. While efforts are underway to develop more sustainable and eco‐friendly packaging options, the food industry's reliance on flexible packaging made from unsustainable petro‐based plastics is expected to continue in the foreseeable future. Therefore, more sustainable alternatives that do not sacrifice performance are required. One such option is to use nanocellulose, especially cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), which can be reinforced into biopolymer to enhance mechanical and barrier properties. The present study aims to isolate kudzu CNCs by depolymerisation, bleaching, acid hydrolysis with 51% sulfuric acid, and mechanical dispersion. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted to assess the thermal stability of kudzu fibres. Further, the FTIR spectra were measured at wave number ranged 4000–500 cm−1, which showed changes in the structure after treatments and confirmed the removal of lignin and hemicellulose from the cellulose. The isolated CNCs were found to have lengths and diameters of 285.01 ± 150.33 nm and 42.78 ± 13.26 nm, respectively, with an aspect ratio of 6.43 ± 1.78. This study showed that kudzu CNCs are a suitable reinforcing material for nanocomposites.
Risk factors and prevalence of cognitive impairment in maintenance haemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Cao Ting , An Ran , Wang Ying , Lei Juan , Liang Junqing , Wan Qiaoqin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsTo systematically identify the risk factors for cognitive impairment in maintenance haemodialysis patients and to assess its prevalence in included studies.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis about observational studies.Data SourcesSystematic search of seven databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scope, Wanfang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and Weipu Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database, from inception until October 2021.Review MethodsObservational studies reporting the risk factors for cognitive impairment in maintenance haemodialysis patients in English and Chinese language were included. Meta‐analysis was performed to identify risk factors and prevalence of cognitive impairment in maintenance haemodialysis patients with STATA 15.0 software.ResultsOverall, 37 eligible studies encompassing 129,849 cases were included. The risk factors with statistical significance after meta‐analysis were older age, female sex, fewer years of education, hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular accident, multiple comorbid conditions, systolic blood pressure variability, arterial stiffness and low haemoglobin and albumin level. The overall prevalence of cognitive impairment in maintenance haemodialysis patients was 49.1%.ConclusionThe current analysis indicated a high prevalence of cognitive impairment in maintenance haemodialysis patients. Eleven risk factors for cognitive impairment in maintenance haemodialysis patients were identified, among which more attention should be paid to modifiable factors such as cardiovascular disease risk factors and specific kidney and dialysis‐related factors.ImpactThis paper provides an updated estimate of the pooled prevalence of cognitive impairment in maintenance haemodialysis patients. Identification of risk factors associated with cognitive impairment may assist in developing targeted prevention strategies for maintenance haemodialysis patients at high risk.No Patient or Public ContributionThis study was a systematic review completed by the authors in accordance with relevant guidelines and processes and did not include the participation of patients, service users, caregivers or the general public.
A qualitative study of public health nurses' experiences detecting and preventing child maltreatment in primary care settings
Authors: Midtsund Astrid Durdei , Garnweidner‐Holme Lisa , Valla Lisbeth , Lukasse Mirjam , Henriksen Lena 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo explore how public health nurses in child and family health centres experience detecting and preventing child maltreatment.DesignQualitative study.MethodsFourteen semi‐structured individual interviews with public health nurses who worked in 11 different child and family health centres were conducted. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThree themes were identified: (i) integrating knowledge to prevent child maltreatment as part of their everyday job, (ii) striving hard to detect child maltreatment and (iii) experiencing the assignment to be complex and demanding.ConclusionDespite extensive experience, knowledge and following the guidelines, public health nurses in this study had difficulties finding children exposed to child maltreatment in child and family health centres. Public health nurses called for mutual multidisciplinary cooperation with other services and organizational facilitation, such as enough time and clear guidelines to effectively address this issue.Implications for PracticeThis study provides knowledge about how public health nurses work with child maltreatment at the Child and Family Health Center, which can serve as valuable foundation for further research as well for collaborating services.Reporting MethodEQUATOR guidelines were followed, using the COREQ checklist.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Single‐cell RNA‐seq reveals actinic keratosis‐specific keratinocyte subgroups and their crosstalk with secretory‐papillary fibroblasts
Authors: Li Jun , Xia Ying , Kong Shumin , Yang Kun , Chen Hui , Zhang Yong , Liu Dongxian , Chen Lan , Sun Xiaoyan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimActinic keratosis (AK) represents an intraepidermal malignant neoplasm with the proliferation of atypical keratinocytes. AK lesions are regarded as early in situ squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) having the potential to progress into invasive SCC (iSCC) and metastasize, causing death. This study aimed to investigate the heterogeneity of keratinocytes and how this heterogeneity promoted AK development and progression.MethodsWe employed single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) to examine the heterogeneity of keratinocytes and dermal fibroblast clusters in AKs and adjacent normal skins. Cell clustering, pseudotime trajectory construction, gene ontology enrichment analysis, transcription factor network analysis, and cell–cell communication were used to investigate the heterogeneity of keratinocytes in AK. The cellular identity and function were verified by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining.ResultsUsing scRNA‐seq, we revealed 13 keratinocyte subgroups (clusters 0–12) in AK tissues and characterized 2 AK‐specific clusters. Cluster 9 displayed high levels of IL1R2 and WFDC2, and cluster 11 showed high levels of FADS2 and FASN. The percentages of cells in these two clusters significantly increased in AK compared with normal tissues. The existence and spatial localization of AK‐specific IL1R2+WFDC2+ cluster were verified by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. Functional studies indicated that the genes identified in the IL1R2+WFDC2+ cluster were crucial for epithelial cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Further immunofluorescent staining revealed the interactions between AK‐specific keratinocytes and secretory‐papillary fibroblasts mainly through ANGPTL4‐ITGA5 signalling pathway rarely seen in normal tissues.ConclusionThe findings of this study might help better understand AK pathogenesis.
Evolution of posture in amniotes–Diving into the trabecular architecture of the femoral head
Authors: Gônet Jordan , Laurin Michel , Hutchinson John R. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Extant amniotes show remarkable postural diversity. Broadly speaking, limbs with erect (strongly adducted, more vertically oriented) posture are found in mammals that are particularly heavy (graviportal) or show good running skills (cursorial), while crouched (highly flexed) limbs are found in taxa with more generalized locomotion. In Reptilia, crocodylians have a “semi-erect” (somewhat adducted) posture, birds have more crouched limbs and lepidosaurs have sprawling (well-abducted) limbs. Both synapsids and reptiles underwent a postural transition from sprawling to more erect limbs during the Mesozoic Era. In Reptilia, this postural change is prominent among archosauriforms in the Triassic Period. However, limb posture in many key Triassic taxa remains poorly known. In Synapsida, the chronology of this transition is less clear, and competing hypotheses exist. On land, the limb bones are subject to various stresses related to body support that partly shape their external and internal morphology. Indeed, bone trabeculae (lattice-like bony struts that form the spongy bone tissue) tend to orient themselves along lines of force. Here, we study the link between femoral posture and the femoral trabecular architecture using phylogenetic generalized least squares. We show that microanatomical parameters measured on bone cubes extracted from the femoral head of a sample of amniote femora depend strongly on body mass, but not on femoral posture or lifestyle. We reconstruct ancestral states of femoral posture and various microanatomical parameters to study the “sprawling-to-erect” transition in reptiles and synapsids, and obtain conflicting results. We tentatively infer femoral posture in several hypothetical ancestors using phylogenetic flexible discriminant analysis from maximum likelihood estimates of the microanatomical parameters. In general, the trabecular network of the femoral head is not a good indicator of femoral posture. However, ancestral state reconstruction methods hold great promise for advancing our understanding of the evolution of posture in amniotes.
Abstract
We use 3D microanatomical parameters measured at the femoral head to study femoral posture in amniotes. We show that these parameters are not good indicators of femoral posture. Methods of ancestral state reconstruction hold great promise for improving our understanding of the evolution of posture in amniotes.
The evolution and ecology of multiple antipredator defences
Authors: Kikuchi David W. , Allen William L. , Arbuckle Kevin , Aubier Thomas G. , Briolat Emmanuelle S. , Burdfield-Steel Emily R. , Cheney Karen L. , Daňková Klára , Elias Marianne , Hämäläinen Liisa , Herberstein Marie E. , Hossie Thomas J. , Joron Mathieu , Kunte Krushnamegh , Leavell Brian C. , Lindstedt Carita , Lorioux-Chevalier Ugo , McClure Melanie , McLellan Callum F. , Medina Iliana , Nawge Viraj , Páez Erika , Pal Arka , Pekár Stano , Penacchio Olivier , Raška Jan , Reader Tom , Rojas Bibiana , Rönkä Katja H. , Rößler Daniela C. , Rowe Candy , Rowland Hannah M. , Roy Arlety , Schaal Kaitlin A. , Sherratt Thomas N. , Skelhorn John , Smart Hannah R. , Stankowich Ted , Stefan Amanda M. , Summers Kyle , Taylor Christopher H. , Thorogood Rose , Umbers Kate , Winters Anne E. , Yeager Justin , Exnerová Alice 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Prey seldom rely on a single type of antipredator defence, often using multiple defences to avoid predation. In many cases, selection in different contexts may favour the evolution of multiple defences in a prey. However, a prey may use multiple defences to protect itself during a single predator encounter. Such “defence portfolios” that defend prey against a single instance of predation are distributed across and within successive stages of the predation sequence (encounter, detection, identification, approach (attack), subjugation and consumption). We contend that at present, our understanding of defence portfolio evolution is incomplete, and seen from the fragmentary perspective of specific sensory systems (e.g., visual) or specific types of defences (especially aposematism). In this review, we aim to build a comprehensive framework for conceptualizing the evolution of multiple prey defences, beginning with hypotheses for the evolution of multiple defences in general, and defence portfolios in particular. We then examine idealized models of resource trade-offs and functional interactions between traits, along with evidence supporting them. We find that defence portfolios are constrained by resource allocation to other aspects of life history, as well as functional incompatibilities between different defences. We also find that selection is likely to favour combinations of defences that have synergistic effects on predator behaviour and prey survival. Next, we examine specific aspects of prey ecology, genetics and development, and predator cognition that modify the predictions of current hypotheses or introduce competing hypotheses. We outline schema for gathering data on the distribution of prey defences across species and geography, determining how multiple defences are produced, and testing the proximate mechanisms by which multiple prey defences impact predator behaviour. Adopting these approaches will strengthen our understanding of multiple defensive strategies.
Abstract
Evolution of multiple defences as a function of trade-offs & synergies among traits, ecology & evolutionary history, genetics & development, predator cognition.
Rapid detection of pyrethroid resistance‐associated mutation L1014F in the field based on loop‐mediated isothermal amplification technique
Authors: Wang Ruijie , Xu Xiao , Ullah Farman , Ding Qian , Wang Xiu , Song Dunlun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMyzus persicae (Sulzer) is a globally distributed crop pest with a wide host range. The L1014F mutation in the voltage‐gated sodium channel has been implicated in mediating resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in M. persicae. Control failures in crop production are frequently attributed to inaccurate or delayed detection of M. persicae resistance. Thus, simple and effective tools for detecting resistant M. persicae are required to develop rapid and flexible pest control strategies. The resistance assay and L1014F mutation frequency assay results showed that the L1014F mutation frequency could infer M. persicae's resistance level to pyrethroid insecticides. Therefore, in our study, we established a Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP)‐based method to detect the L1014F mutation in the voltage‐gated sodium channel of M. persicae. This method uses single aphid crude extract DNA as a template, and the full reaction can be completed in 1 h in a relaxed temperature range. The results could also be obtained by colour change without any molecular detection. We have also optimized the reaction system and procedures to improve the accuracy of the assay to over 95%. Based on this, we can detect the mutation frequency of voltage‐gated sodium channel L014F in M. persicae field populations in a non‐laboratory setting, such as in the field, in a stable, accurate, and rapid manner. This method facilitates quick determination of the resistance of M. persicae populations, followed by guide field control.