bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vortex-wake formation and evolution on a prolate spheroid at subcritical Reynolds numbers
Authors: Guo Pengming , Kaiser Frieder , Rival David E. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) flow reconstruction over a 6:1 prolate spheroid using scanning stereoscopic particle image velocimetry has been conducted in a towing-tank facility. Forces, moments, surface pressure and reconstructed 3D vortical-flow structures are acquired in order to characterize the separated flow within the subcritical regime at three Reynolds numbers (Re = 0.5 × 106, 1.0 × 106 and 1.5 × 106), and at four incidence angles (α = 5◦, 10◦, 15◦ and 20◦). Key flow features are evaluated through the reconstructed 3D flowfield data. In particular, the interaction of the crossflow vortices and the surface-pressure distribution are discussed. It is shown that the crossflow vortices consist of helical vortex tubes as the dominant coherent structures, which are more distinct at large α. For α ≥ 15◦, four high-vorticity regions were observed. A pair of upper vortex tubes, originate on the windward side of the model, while a lower vortex tube is formed on the strong curvature region on the leeward side of the model. The vortex dynamics are further characterized through stretching and tilting terms via the vorticity-transport equation. Larger incidence angles α lead to a stronger alignment of the crossflow vortices with the mean flow direction, which is reflected in the tilting terms. A weak Re dependency of the loads and flow structures within the range 1.0 × 106 ≤ Re ≤ 1.5 × 106 is reported, while a significantly different result was captured for separation at Re = 0.5 × 106. An increase in separation size at Re = 0.5 × 106 at 20◦ results in an additional flow structure; a pair of secondary vortices is formed, leading to a change in the pressure distribution on the model surface when compared to higher Re.
Afromontane mosaic vegetation acts as a barrier between small mammals from two savannah biomes in northern Ethiopia
Authors: Welegerima Kiros , Meheretu Yonas , Bryja Josef , Mulualem Getachew , Hayelom Welday , Kedir Ferej , Massawe Apia W. , Mbije Nsajigwa E. , Makundi Rhodes H. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Despite its biogeographical uniqueness, where two vast savanna regions are separated by the Afromontane mosaic vegetation, there is a significant lack of small mammal sampling in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. Leveraging all our available data on rodents and shrews in the region, we tested the hypothesis that the Afromontane mosaic vegetation in the highlands acts as a barrier to gene flow between taxa found in the Somali-Masai and Sudanian savanna in the southeast and western lowland parts of the region, respectively. Morphological and DNA sequence analysis confirmed the presence of 23 species of small rodents and shrews in the region. We recorded 18 of these species in the Afromontane mosaic vegetation, seven species in the Sudanian savanna, and four species in the Somali-Masai savanna. Notably, the fauna of Sudanian savanna was strikingly different from that of the Somali-Masai savanna at both intraspecific and interspecific level, suggesting northern Ethiopian highlands as very strong biogeographic barrier for taxa adapted to arid lowlands. However, the reported species diversity remains provisional, and additional sampling from unexplored areas is needed. Furthermore, some of the reported taxa, in this study, such as Mus cf. tenellus, Crocidura cf. fuscomurina, Dendromus sp. indet. 2, and Otomys cf. cheesmani, require detailed taxonomic investigation and may represent new species. A robust understanding of the taxonomic diversity and distribution of the small mammals in the region is crucial for effective conservation planning as well as for addressing practical questions related to rodents, such as in public health and pest management.
Changing volatile profile of arborvitae, Thuja occidentalis, by drying up and infestation: selective olfactory cues for the cypress bark beetle, Phloeosinus aubei
Authors: Bozsik Gábor , Molnár Béla Péter , Szőcs Gábor 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The cypress bark beetle, Phloeosinus aubei (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) prefers to build breeding galleries in decaying host trees. However, volatile cues, specific to trees suffering from drought stress or earlier infestation have not yet been reported. This knowledge would actually be most useful, as this invasive, wood-boring species established huge populations across the temperate zone of Europe and became a key pest of ornamental trees of Cupressaceae in tree nurseries and urban green areas. In order to reveal key components in host volatiles of stressed trees, which are perceived by the pest volatile profiles of intact arborvitae, Thuja occidentalis ‘Smaragd’ were compared to those suffering from drought, and fresh infestation of P. aubei. Analyses of volatiles by gas chromatography coupled to an electroantennographic detector revealed substantial differences between healthy, drying up and infested trees. Structure elucidation of the major antennally active components revealed that α-thujone was the major component in volatiles of healthy trees, while volatiles of infested trees were dominated by α-pinene and α-thujene. Besides that, trace amounts of camphene, fenchene, as well as substantial amounts of b-pinene, myrcene, limonene and p-cymene were also found in volatiles collected from trunks, housing fresh nuptial chambers of P. aubei. Fenchone was present in each type of volatiles, however, only in low amounts. Further studies should be directed to reveal the behavioral role of these components, which could be helpful in developing kairomone-based techniques for monitoring the flight of the pest in stands of scale-leafed trees.
Characterization of historic masonry of the 20th century: Casa Salinger, Blumenau-SC
Authors: SALAMONI Natália , RODRIGUES Gustavo Gutierrez Oliveira , ROHDEN Abrahão Bernardo , BENEVENUTE Igor Guilherme , ROCHA Luís Antônio DA 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The preservation of the historical heritage of a locality is of paramount importance for the identity of a society to remain alive, valuing knowledge of history, cultural and social elements, becoming a record for its successors. The Salinger house is a listed heritage site in the city of Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil, a case study for the present work given the importance of knowing the materials and methods used in the construction so that its restoration can be carried out later. For this reason, the aim of this study is to characterize the materials used in the masonry of this historic building from the 20th century and to evaluate the mechanical properties of walls built with the material. With that in mind, the ceramic blocks were characterized as to their geometry, specific mass, water absorption and mechanical strength. In addition, for the mortar, a mix used at the time was defined, without the addition of Portland cement, only with lime, whose mechanical behaviour in tension and compression was measured. Finally, mechanical characterization tests were carried out on walls made with these materials, demonstrating that the system built at the time did not have a structural function, being functioning only with bearing capacity. This result was already expected since in the half-timbered constructions of the time, the blocks served only as closing masonry.
The Impact of Macroeconomic Environment on Islamic and Conventional Equity During Different Regimes: Evidence from the US
Authors: Kantakji Mazhar Hallak , Ismail Rasha Fady 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The US economy is a constantly changing organism, and over the past two decades, it has experienced several transformations that have drastically altered its outlook. With different macroeconomic factors having varying degrees of influence on equity prices in the US stock market, this raises the question of whether or not these effects vary between Islamic and conventional stocks during different economic cycles. This study seeks to explore the impact of macroeconomic events on Islamic and conventional investments depending on their respective economic conditions. Using a Markov-switching model, it will be determined how much more susceptible to volatility are these investments when faced with different levels of instability. The results of this research demonstrate that responses from certain variables differ greatly between times of stable economies and troubled times; therefore, market players and policymakers could explore how essential it is for them to properly consider how changes in the environment affect both types of equity when making decisions.
Identifying serpentine minerals by their chemical compositions with machine learning
Authors: Ji Shichao , Huang Fang , Wang Shaoze , Gupta Priyantan , Seyfried William , Zhang Hejia , Chu Xu , Cao Wentao , ZhangZhou J 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe three main serpentine minerals, chrysotile, lizardite, and antigorite, form in various geological settings and have different chemical compositions and rheological properties. The accurate identification of serpentine minerals is thus of fundamental importance to understanding global geochemical cycles and the tectonic evolution of serpentine-bearing rocks. However, it is challenging to distinguish specific serpentine species solely based on geochemical data obtained by traditional analytical techniques. Here, we apply machine learning approaches to classify serpentine minerals based on their chemical compositions alone. Using the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm, we trained a classifier model (overall accuracy of 87.2%) that is capable of distinguishing between low-temperature (chrysotile and lizardite) and high-temperature (antigorite) serpentines mainly based on their SiO2, NiO, and Al2O3 contents. We also utilized a k-means model to demonstrate that the tectonic environment in which serpentine minerals form correlates with their chemical compositions. Our results obtained by combining these classification and clustering models imply the increase of Al2O3 and SiO2 contents and the decrease of NiO content during the transformation from low-to high-temperature serpentine (i.e., lizardite and chrysotile to antigorite) under greenschist–blueschist conditions. These correlations can be used to constrain mass transfer and the surrounding environments during the subduction of hydrated oceanic crust.
Reaction between volatile-bearing eclogite and harzburgite as a function of degree of interaction: Experimental constraints at 4 GPa
Authors: Elazar Oded , Kessel Ronit 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The mantle is known to be heterogeneous, mainly composed of peridotite and eclogite. Eclogite-derived hydrous melts may interact with harzburgite at the slab-mantle interface in subduction zones or in the sub-continental lithospheric mantle. In this study, such interactions were simulated by performing hybridization experiments in which a layer of eclogite was juxtaposed to a layer of harzburgite in the presence of H2O-CO2 at 4 GPa and 1200 °C, conditions where eclogite is super-solidus while harzburgite is sub-solidus. A diamond trap was placed in between the two layers to trap the fluid or melt phase, allowing direct determination of their composition. The multi-anvil was rotated at different frequencies to examine the effect of increasing degree of interaction on the melt composition as well as the mineral compositions. The interaction of eclogite-derived hydrous melt and harzburgite results in a reaction layer at the interface between the two lithologies, composed of Opx and garnet. The harzburgite above the reaction layer is metasomatized, containing various amounts of olivine, Opx, Cpx, and garnet. The eclogitic melt is modified during this interaction. With increasing interaction, a thicker reaction layer is formed. Both the eclogitic and the peridotitic garnet compositions approach each other and become intermediate between the composition of the garnet in the eclogite+H2O+CO2 system and the garnet in the harzburgite+H2O+CO2 system at these conditions. The Mg# of the peridotitic olivine and Opx decreases with increasing interaction. The initial basaltic melt in equilibrium with eclogite is metaluminous, turning to a peralkaline melt with increasing interaction with the harzburgite. The metasomatizing effect of the eclogite-derived hydrous melt on the harzburgite is observed by increasing the mode of the peridotitic Opx, Cpx, and garnet at the expense of peridotitic olivine and eclogitic garnet. A slight increase in melt fraction occurs as well. This interaction also results in a gradient in the log fO2. Relatively more oxidizing conditions occur near the reaction layer, becoming more reduced into the peridotite, suggesting that the reaction zones act as partial barriers for the melt to travel through the peridotite. Increased interaction leads to higher log fO2 values. These experiments demonstrate the influence of the degree of interaction on the range of melt compositions found in volcanic arcs as well as the degree of metasomatism in the mantle found in the sub continental lithospheric mantle.
A Feature Selection Method Based on Graph Theory for Cancer
Classification
Authors: Zhou Kai , Yin Zhixiang , Gu Jiaying , Zeng Zhiliang 
Published: April 2023

Objective:
Gene expression profile data is a good data source for people to study
tumors, but gene expression data has the characteristics of high dimension and redundancy.
Therefore, gene selection is a very important step in microarray data classification.

Method:
In this paper, a feature selection method based on the maximum mutual information coefficient
and graph theory is proposed. Each feature of gene expression data is treated as a vertex
of the graph, and the maximum mutual information coefficient between genes is used to measure
the relationship between the vertices to construct an undirected graph, and then the core and coritivity
theory is used to determine the feature subset of gene data.

Results:
In this work, we used three different classification models and three different evaluation
metrics such as accuracy, F1-Score, and AUC to evaluate the classification performance to avoid
reliance on any one classifier or evaluation metric. The experimental results on six different types
of genetic data show that our proposed algorithm has high accuracy and robustness compared to
other advanced feature selection methods.

Conclusion:
In this method, the importance and correlation of features are considered at the same
time, and the problem of gene selection in microarray data classification is solved.
Utilization of Bioactive Silk Protein in the Development of Optical Devices:
Recent Advancements and Applications
Authors: Sharma Rishav , Malviya Rishabha 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Typically, materials used to create optical devices have chemical and physical properties
that have been precisely designed for a narrowly defined purpose, allowing for changes in design to
account for device variability. There is a growing need for devices built of materials with changeable
optical responses, as optical systems are incorporated into platforms with much functionality. Regenerated
silk fibroin is described in this article as an enabling gadget with an active optical response as a
result of the inherent characteristics of proteins. Silk's capacity for controlled movement, to swell and
shrink reversibly, alter conformation and degradation that is customizable, impacts both the shape and
the response of the optical structure-representative silk-based gadgets. The diversity of silk material is
shown and discussed in this paper, concentrating on architectures that show reconfigurable behavior,
an optical waveguide that is physically temporary and provides reversible responses. Finally, innovative
research directions for silk-based materials and optical devices are presented in this paper. Since
ancient times, silk, a natural biopolymer, has been used as a repair material in medicine. In the past 20
years, it has attracted a lot of interest to be used in several biomedical applications. Various healthcare
items with silk as their substrate have been developed thanks to significant advancements in silk biomaterial
research. Silk is a fabric created from spider and silkworm cocoons. Hierarchical structures
and conventional structural elements are present in them. Different silk types can be produced using
certain methods, such as films, fibers, microspheres, sponges, and hydrogels. The structural characteristics
of secondary proteins present in silk can also be modified. This paper investigates the use of silk
in biomedical and optical applications, and examines the technical trend in electronic fields.
Irisin and Energy Metabolism and the Role of Irisin on Metabolic
Syndrome
Authors: Aladag Tugce , Mogulkoc Rasim , Baltaci Abdulkerim Kasim 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Irisin is a thermogenic hormone that leads to causes energy expenditure by increasing
brown adipose tissue (BAT). This protein hormone that enables the conversion of white adipose tissue
(WAT) to BAT is the irisin protein. This causes energy expenditure during conversion. WAT stores
triglycerides and fatty acids and contains very few mitochondria. They also involve in the development
of insulin resistance (IR). WAT, which contains a very small amount of mitochondria, contributes
to the formation of IR by storing triglycerides and fatty acids.
WAT functions as endocrine tissue in the body, synthesizing various molecules such as leptin, ghrelin,
NUCB2/nesfatin-1, and irisin along with fat storage. BAT is quite effective in energy expenditure,
unlike WAT. The number of mitochondria and lipid droplets composed of multicellular cells in BAT
is much higher when compared to WAT. BAT contains a protein called uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1)
in the mitochondrial membranes. This protein pumps protons from the intermembrane space toward
the mitochondrial matrix. When UCP1 is activated, heat dissipation occurs while ATP synthesis does
not occur, because UCP1 is a division protein. At the same time, BAT regulates body temperature in
infants. Its effectiveness in adults became clear after the discovery of irisin. The molecular mechanism
of exercise, which increases calorie expenditure, became clear with the discovery of irisin. Thus, the
isolation of irisin led to the clarification of metabolic events and fat metabolism. In this review, literature
information will be given on the effect of irisin hormone on energy metabolism and metabolic
syndrome (MetS).
Molecular Milieu of Autophagy in Cervical Cancer and its Therapeutic
Implications
Authors: Pathak Sneha O. , Manohar Sonal M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Cervical cancer is a common death-causing cancer among women in developing countries.
Majority of the cases are triggered by persistent infections with high-risk Human Papillomavirus
(HPV16 and 18). Metastasis, disease relapse, and drug resistance are common among patients in advanced
stages of cancer despite the available therapies. Consequently, new prospective targets are
needed for this disease. Autophagy is professed to have implications in cervical cancer progression as
well as cancer dormancy. This article reviews the role of autophagy in cervical cancer progression and
the modulation of the autophagy pathway by HPV. Further, various therapeutic agents that target autophagy
in cervical cancer are discussed.
The Importance of Salicylic Acid, Humic Acid and Fulvic Acid on Crop
Production
Authors: Shahrajabian Mohamad Hesam , Sun Wenli 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Biostimulants are one of the most important substancesfor improving productivity, growth and
yield of plants as well as heavy metal detoxification, and stimulating natural toxins, controlling pests and
diseases and boosting both water and nutrient efficiency. Google Scholar, Science Direct, CAB Direct,
Springer Link, Scopus, Web of Science, Taylor and Francis, and Wiley Online Library have been
checked. The search was done to all manuscript sections according to the terms "Salicylic acid," "Humic
acid," "Fulvic acid," "Biostimulants" and "Plant growth promotion." On the basis of the initial check,
Titles and Abstracts were screened on the basis of online literature, and then articles were read carefully.
Salicylic acid may have important roles in abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, cold, heavy metal and
heat stresses, and it has been considered an important environmentally-sound agent with tremendous economical
benefits and rapid responses. The positive effects of the application of salicylic acid have been
reported in crops such as ajwain, alfalfa, anthurium, artemisia, artichoke, barley, bean, black mustard,
broad bean, chickpea, chicory, canola, coriander, corn, cotton, cucumber, cumin, fennel, fenugreek, goji,
longan, milk thistle, millet, onion, pea, pepper, pistachio, radish, rice, rosemary, rye, safflower, saffron,
savory, sorghum, soybean, spinach, strawberry, sugar beet, tomato, wheat, etc. Humic acid can improve
and stimulate plant growth and yield, suppress diseases and promote more resistance to stresses. Fulvic
acid can increase root system and promote seed germination, growth rate and final yield. The present
manuscript highlights the most important impacts of salicylic acid, humic acid, and fulvic acid
,emphasizing their roles in modern sustainable crop production.
Computational Studies to Explore Plant-based Inhibitors for Enoyl- (Acyl Carrier Protein)- Reductase (InhA) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Singh Divya , Pandey Anjana 
Published: April 2023

Aims:
A computational approach has been adopted to find therapeutically potent herbal compounds with anti-TB properties

Background:
The second largest cause of death globally is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Considering that the BCG vaccine is only marginally effective. This study has focused on enoyl- (acyl carrier protein)- reductase (InhA), one of the important enzymes in M. tuberculosis's type II fatty acid (mycolic acid synthesis) biosynthesis pathway. Bioinformatics-based tools have been used to explore therapeutically sound phytocompounds against InhA.

Objective:
To conduct an insightful study using bioinformatics-based tools to explore phytocompounds originating from different medicinal plants which would act as potent inhibitors of enoyl - (acyl carrier protein)- reductase (InhA) to obstruct the growth of M. tuberculosis.

Methods:
Molecular docking (using EasyDockVina) has been used for screening the 150 phytocompounds against Enoyl - (acyl carrier protein)- reductase (InhA). AMDET analysis was performed using DruLito and protox II to test the drug-likeness properties of phytocompounds.

Results:
From the results of molecular docking and two-dimensional interaction, it is concluded that Licoflavone B, Tembaterine, Colubrine and Shinpterocarpin are the potent inhibitors of InhA.

Conclusion:
According to this study, Licoflavone B, Tembaterine, Columbin, and Shinpterocarpin have positively passed AMDET screening and have high docking scores. These phytocompounds can be considered safe drug candidates against InhA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.