bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 1-bit reconfigurable intelligent metasurface-based antenna design for 5G application
Authors: Zhou Yajun , Chen Lianfeng , Zhang Qifei , Wang Hao , Guo Linyan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA 1-bit reconfigurable intelligent metasurface-based antenna for 5G application is proposed. The proposed antenna based on artificial electromagnetic metamaterial has the advantages of easy processing and low cost. This meets the requirements of future communication network development. This antenna shows that the unit cell has a stable 180° phase difference between the ON and OFF states by loading a PIN diode at 6.425–7.125 GHz. A 10 × 10 array antenna is constructed by using 2 × 2 meta-atoms to reduce the complexity of the control network. This proposed antenna can achieve ±40° beam scanning with a gain tolerance of 3 dB and a maximum gain of 18.7 dBi. In addition, beamforming performance, such as multi-beams, is also achieved. These properties ensure that the proposed antenna has great potential in wireless communication systems and microwave imaging systems.
Thermal Structure of the Paleo‐Continental Subduction Zone: Insights From Quantitatively Constrained Prograde P–T Paths of Exhumed LT/UHP Eclogites in the Dabie Orogen
Authors: Xia Mei , Zhang Qiang‐Qiang , Gao Xiao‐Ying 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe discrepancy of geothermal gradients predicted by numerical modeling and recorded by peak metamorphic conditions of exhumed high/ultrahigh pressure (HP/UHP) metamorphic rocks triggers many uncertainties on the thermal structure of subduction zones, which is especially significant for continental subduction zones. Well‐constrained prograde P‒temperature (T) paths of HP/UHP rocks reflect the change in P–T conditions during continental subduction and are insusceptible to later processes, making them robust recorders of the thermal structure of subduction zones. To make a reliable estimation of the thermal structure of a continental subduction zone, the prograde P–T paths of three low (L)T‒UHP eclogites in the Dabie orogen were robustly constrained using a multiple thermobarometry method. The results demonstrate that these eclogites underwent three stages of metamorphic evolution during continental subduction from epidote amphibolite‐facies at ∼450°C–470°C/11–13 kbar, through amphibole eclogite‐facies at 585°C–600°C/17–19 kbar, to peak UHP eclogite‐facies at 600°C–630°C/27–29 kbar, indicating a low and continuously changing geothermal gradient from ∼12°C/km at lower crust depth (40 km) to 10°C/km at depth of 60 km and to ∼6°C/km at sub‐arc depth (100 km). The consistency of this result and the average thermal gradient recovered by peak metamorphic conditions of exhumed HP/UHP metamorphic rocks of continental origin suggests that the continental subduction zones may have a common thermal structure characterized by strongly concave upward geothermal gradient. A comparison of the results of this study and analytical models shows that shear heating may play a crucial role in the thermal evolution of continental subduction zones.
Seasonal Evolution of the Arctic Sea Ice Thickness Distribution
Authors: Toppaladoddi S. , Moon W. , Wettlaufer J. S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Thorndike et al. (1975, https://doi.org/10.1029/jc080i033p04501) theory of the ice thickness distribution, g(h), treats the dynamic and thermodynamic aggregate properties of the ice pack in a novel and physically self‐consistent manner. Therefore, it has provided the conceptual basis of the treatment of sea‐ice thickness categories in climate models. The approach, however, is not mathematically closed due to the treatment of mechanical deformation using the redistribution function ψ, the authors noting “The present theory suffers from a burdensome and arbitrary redistribution function ψ.” Toppaladoddi and Wettlaufer (2015, https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.115.148501) showed how ψ can be written in terms of g(h), thereby solving the mathematical closure problem and writing the theory in terms of a Fokker‐Planck equation, which they solved analytically to quantitatively reproduce the observed winter g(h). Here, we extend this approach to include open water by formulating a new boundary condition for their Fokker‐Planck equation, which is then coupled to the observationally consistent sea‐ice growth model of Semtner (1976, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1976)006<0379:amfttg>2.0.co;2) to study the seasonal evolution of g(h). We find that as the ice thins, g(h) transitions from a single‐ to a double‐peaked distribution, which is in agreement with observations. To understand the cause of this transition, we construct a simpler description of the system using the equivalent Langevin equation formulation and solve the resulting stochastic ordinary differential equation numerically. Finally, we solve the Fokker‐Planck equation for g(h) under different climatological conditions to study the evolution of the open‐water fraction.
Estimating Net Retention Time of Solute in Storage Zones of a Stream
Authors: Kim Byunguk , Seo Il Won , Kwon Siyoon , Baek Donghae 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBecause of the influence of various storage zones, solute transport in a stream channel cannot be interpreted by advection and dispersion processes alone. Thus, in recent decades, various models that incorporate storage‐zone effects have been proposed to characterize anomalous storage mechanisms. The validity of these models has been predominantly demonstrated using tracer breakthrough curves measured in surface flow. However, the storage effect is usually less influential on the breakthrough curve behavior than in‐stream flow dynamics. Thus, for model validation, the tracer behavior within the storage zone should be investigated separately. The present study aims to quantify the time‐dependent storage effect, herein termed the net retention time distribution (NRTD), from tracer measurements in the flow zone using a deconvolution technique with manipulation in the Fourier domain. The results demonstrated that the deconvolved NRTDs successfully represented the temporal behavior of the tracer in the storage zones without significant distortion in the primary information of the observed breakthrough curves. Using estimates of NRTD, we evaluated the simulations of the transient storage model, and found that the storage effects were underestimated as much as an average 18.5% in this study. The deconvolved NRTDs were also utilized to predict the biodegradation losses of organic chemicals flowing along a stream at confidence intervals.
North‐West Europe Hottest Days Are Warming Twice as Fast as Mean Summer Days
Authors: Patterson Matthew 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEurope has seen a rapid increase in the frequency and intensity of hot extremes in recent decades. In this study it is shown, using ERA5 reanalysis data 1960–2021, that the hottest summer days in North‐West Europe are warming approximately twice as fast as mean summer days. Moreover, this pattern stands out as relatively unusual across the Northern Hemisphere. It is also shown that comprehensive climate models fail to capture this difference in trends. A hypothesis is suggested to explain the differential rate of warming between the mean and hottest days, namely that the hottest days are often linked to warm advection from Iberia and North Africa, areas that are warming faster than North‐West Europe. This hypothesis can account for about 25% of the difference between ERA5 and a climate model ensemble and hence further research is needed to understand the drivers of the differing trends in mean and extreme temperature.
Atlantic Water Boundary Current Along the Southern Yermak Plateau, Arctic Ocean
Authors: Fer Ilker , Peterson Algot K. , Nilsen Frank 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe major ocean current that carries heat into the Arctic Ocean splits into three main branches of Atlantic Water (AW) and recirculations when it encounters the Yermak Plateau (YP) located north of Svalbard. While the branches that cross the plateau and recirculations have been extensively studied, there has been limited observation of the transport and variability of the Yermak branch. In this study, we present year‐round observations from an array of three moorings that were deployed across the boundary current on the southern slope of the YP. The temporal‐averaged sections show a surface‐intensified AW core, which is strongest in winter but also persistent throughout the record within the upper 500 m. The volume transport of AW is highest in fall (1.4 ± 0.2 Sv; 1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1) and decreases to 0.8 ± 0.1 Sv in summer. Beneath a surface‐intensified core, the velocity profile has a minimum at middepth, gradually increasing toward the bottom. This cold, bottom‐intensified current is detectable in all seasons and reaches a maximum transport of 1.5 Sv in spring. The transport of AW is regulated by wind stress curl and coastal upwelling along the northwestern shelf of Svalbard. A positive wind stress curl increases the volume transport in the Yermak branch, thereby reducing the Svalbard branch transport. Eddy kinetic energy is surface‐intensified and decreases to negligible values below 500 m. In the upper 500 m, the average baroclinic conversion in winter and summer is about 1 × 10−5 W m−3, which is 4–10 times the barotropic conversion rates.
Bedding Scale Correlation on Mars in Western Arabia Terra
Authors: Annex A. M. , Lewis K. W. , Koeppel A. H. D. , Edwards C. S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLayered rocks in the Arabia Terra region of Mars preserve a record of the planet's ancient climate. However, the exact formation mechanism of these rhythmically layered deposits is currently unknown. We previously proposed two distinct regionally correlative units of the Arabia Terra layered deposits based on their bedding thicknesses, orientation, and morphology from High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment stereo observations. For this work, we selected two adjacent craters in Arabia Terra, Sera and Jiji, for further study to test the proposed stratigraphic correlation. We constructed vertical stratigraphic sections of the deposits from dip‐corrected bed thickness measurements and local stratigraphic correlations. We found that individual beds maintain a consistent thickness over kilometer scales but are somewhat variable at the basin scale. Each crater exhibited strata with a thinning‐upward trend that terminated at terraces with inconsistent bedding, possibly indicating an equilibrium elevation for the formation mechanism. We also identified a probable stratigraphic correlation between basins using the similarities in bedding characteristics and patterns of measurable differences in bed‐to‐bed thicknesses, indicating synchronous strata. The planar bedding and uniform thickness of the beds within the deposits are consistent with airfall deposition over a prolonged geologic period. This process likely occurred under comparably dry conditions relative to the previously proposed depositional and diagenetic formation mechanisms.
Aβ1-6A2V(D) peptide, effective on Aβ aggregation, inhibits tau misfolding and protects the brain after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Diomede Luisa , Zanier Elisa R. , Moro Federico , Vegliante Gloria , Colombo Laura , Russo Luca , Cagnotto Alfredo , Natale Carmina , Xodo Federica Marta , De Luigi Ada , Mosconi Michele , Beeg Marten , Catania Marcella , Rossi Giacomina , Tagliavini Fabrizio , Di Fede Giuseppe , Salmona Mario 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia in older adults, is a double proteinopathy characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathology. Despite enormous efforts that have been spent in the last decades to find effective therapies, late pharmacological interventions along the course of the disease, inaccurate clinical methodologies in the enrollment of patients, and inadequate biomarkers for evaluating drug efficacy have not allowed the development of an effective therapeutic strategy. The approaches followed so far for developing drugs or antibodies focused solely on targeting Aβ or tau protein. This paper explores the potential therapeutic capacity of an all-D-isomer synthetic peptide limited to the first six amino acids of the N-terminal sequence of the A2V-mutated Aβ, Aβ1-6A2V(D), that was developed following the observation of a clinical case that provided the background for its development. We first performed an in-depth biochemical characterization documenting the capacity of Aβ1-6A2V(D) to interfere with the aggregation and stability of tau protein. To tackle Aβ1-6A2V(D) in vivo effects against a neurological decline in genetically predisposed or acquired high AD risk mice, we tested its effects in triple transgenic animals harboring human PS1(M146 V), APP(SW), and MAPT(P301L) transgenes and aged wild-type mice exposed to experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI), a recognized risk factor for AD. We found that Aβ1-6A2V(D) treatment in TBI mice improved neurological outcomes and reduced blood markers of axonal damage. Exploiting the C. elegans model as a biosensor of amyloidogenic proteins’ toxicity, we observed a rescue of locomotor defects in nematodes exposed to the brain homogenates from TBI mice treated with Aβ1-6A2V(D) compared to TBI controls. By this integrated approach, we demonstrate that Aβ1-6A2V(D) not only impedes tau aggregation but also favors its degradation by tissue proteases, confirming that this peptide interferes with both Aβ and tau aggregation propensity and proteotoxicity.
Targeting metabolism by B-raf inhibitors and diclofenac restrains the viability of BRAF-mutated thyroid carcinomas with Hif-1α-mediated glycolytic phenotype
Authors: Aprile Marianna , Cataldi Simona , Perfetto Caterina , Federico Antonio , Ciccodicola Alfredo , Costa Valerio 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
B-raf inhibitors (BRAFi) are effective for BRAF-mutated papillary (PTC) and anaplastic (ATC) thyroid carcinomas, although acquired resistance impairs tumour cells’ sensitivity and/or limits drug efficacy. Targeting metabolic vulnerabilities is emerging as powerful approach in cancer.

Methods
In silico analyses identified metabolic gene signatures and Hif-1α as glycolysis regulator in PTC. BRAF-mutated PTC, ATC and control thyroid cell lines were exposed to HIF1A siRNAs or chemical/drug treatments (CoCl2, EGF, HGF, BRAFi, MEKi and diclofenac). Genes/proteins expression, glucose uptake, lactate quantification and viability assays were used to investigate the metabolic vulnerability of BRAF-mutated cells.

Results
A specific metabolic gene signature was identified as a hallmark of BRAF-mutated tumours, which display a glycolytic phenotype, characterised by enhanced glucose uptake, lactate efflux and increased expression of Hif-1α-modulated glycolytic genes. Indeed, Hif-1α stabilisation counteracts the inhibitory effects of BRAFi on these genes and on cell viability. Interestingly, targeting metabolic routes with BRAFi and diclofenac combination we could restrain the glycolytic phenotype and synergistically reduce tumour cells’ viability.

Conclusion
The identification of a metabolic vulnerability of BRAF-mutated carcinomas and the capacity BRAFi and diclofenac combination to target metabolism open new therapeutic perspectives in maximising drug efficacy and reducing the onset of secondary resistance and drug-related toxicity.
Unifying speed limit, thermodynamic uncertainty relation and Heisenberg principle via bulk-boundary correspondence
Authors: Hasegawa Yoshihiko 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe bulk-boundary correspondence provides a guiding principle for tackling strongly correlated and coupled systems. In the present work, we apply the concept of the bulk-boundary correspondence to thermodynamic bounds described by classical and quantum Markov processes. Using the continuous matrix product state, we convert a Markov process to a quantum field, such that jump events in the Markov process are represented by the creation of particles in the quantum field. Introducing the time evolution of the continuous matrix product state, we apply the geometric bound to its time evolution. We find that the geometric bound reduces to the speed limit relation when we represent the bound in terms of the system quantity, whereas the same bound reduces to the thermodynamic uncertainty relation when expressed based on quantities of the quantum field. Our results show that the speed limits and thermodynamic uncertainty relations are two aspects of the same geometric bound.
Quality control of protein synthesis in the early elongation stage
Authors: Nagao Asuteka , Nakanishi Yui , Yamaguchi Yutaro , Mishina Yoshifumi , Karoji Minami , Toya Takafumi , Fujita Tomoya , Iwasaki Shintaro , Miyauchi Kenjyo , Sakaguchi Yuriko , Suzuki Tsutomu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the early stage of bacterial translation, peptidyl-tRNAs frequently dissociate from the ribosome (pep-tRNA drop-off) and are recycled by peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase. Here, we establish a highly sensitive method for profiling of pep-tRNAs using mass spectrometry, and successfully detect a large number of nascent peptides from pep-tRNAs accumulated in Escherichia coli pthts strain. Based on molecular mass analysis, we found about 20% of the peptides bear single amino-acid substitutions of the N-terminal sequences of E. coli ORFs. Detailed analysis of individual pep-tRNAs and reporter assay revealed that most of the substitutions take place at the C-terminal drop-off site and that the miscoded pep-tRNAs rarely participate in the next round of elongation but dissociate from the ribosome. These findings suggest that pep-tRNA drop-off is an active mechanism by which the ribosome rejects miscoded pep-tRNAs in the early elongation, thereby contributing to quality control of protein synthesis after peptide bond formation.
Enabling accurate and early detection of recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in wastewater
Authors: Sapoval Nicolae , Liu Yunxi , Lou Esther G. , Hopkins Loren , Ensor Katherine B. , Schneider Rebecca , Stadler Lauren B. , Treangen Todd J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs clinical testing declines, wastewater monitoring can provide crucial surveillance on the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variant of concerns (VoCs) in communities. In this paper we present QuaID, a novel bioinformatics tool for VoC detection based on quasi-unique mutations. The benefits of QuaID are three-fold: (i) provides up to 3-week earlier VoC detection, (ii) accurate VoC detection (>95% precision on simulated benchmarks), and (iii) leverages all mutational signatures (including insertions & deletions).
Ultralong 100 ns spin relaxation time in graphite at room temperature
Authors: Márkus B. G. , Gmitra M. , Dóra B. , Csősz G. , Fehér T. , Szirmai P. , Náfrádi B. , Zólyomi V. , Forró L. , Fabian J. , Simon F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGraphite has been intensively studied, yet its electron spins dynamics remains an unresolved problem even 70 years after the first experiments. The central quantities, the longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation times were postulated to be equal, mirroring standard metals, but T1 has never been measured for graphite. Here, based on a detailed band structure calculation including spin-orbit coupling, we predict an unexpected behavior of the relaxation times. We find, based on saturation ESR measurements, that T1 is markedly different from T2. Spins injected with perpendicular polarization with respect to the graphene plane have an extraordinarily long lifetime of 100 ns at room temperature. This is ten times more than in the best graphene samples. The spin diffusion length across graphite planes is thus expected to be ultralong, on the scale of ~ 70 μm, suggesting that thin films of graphite — or multilayer AB graphene stacks — can be excellent platforms for spintronics applications compatible with 2D van der Waals technologies. Finally, we provide a qualitative account of the observed spin relaxation based on the anisotropic spin admixture of the Bloch states in graphite obtained from density functional theory calculations.
Small-sample learning reveals propionylation in determining global protein homeostasis
Authors: Shui Ke , Wang Chenwei , Zhang Xuedi , Ma Shanshan , Li Qinyu , Ning Wanshan , Zhang Weizhi , Chen Miaomiao , Peng Di , Hu Hui , Fang Zheng , Guo Anyuan , Gao Guanjun , Ye Mingliang , Zhang Luoying , Xue Yu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProteostasis is fundamental for maintaining organismal health. However, the mechanisms underlying its dynamic regulation and how its disruptions lead to diseases are largely unclear. Here, we conduct in-depth propionylomic profiling in Drosophila, and develop a small-sample learning framework to prioritize the propionylation at lysine 17 of H2B (H2BK17pr) to be functionally important. Mutating H2BK17 which eliminates propionylation leads to elevated total protein level in vivo. Further analyses reveal that H2BK17pr modulates the expression of 14.7–16.3% of genes in the proteostasis network, and determines global protein level by regulating the expression of genes involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. In addition, H2BK17pr exhibits daily oscillation, mediating the influences of feeding/fasting cycles to drive rhythmic expression of proteasomal genes. Our study not only reveals a role of lysine propionylation in regulating proteostasis, but also implements a generally applicable method which can be extended to other issues with little prior knowledge.
PRMT1 mediated methylation of cGAS suppresses anti-tumor immunity
Authors: Liu Jing , Bu Xia , Chu Chen , Dai Xiaoming , Asara John M. , Sicinski Piotr , Freeman Gordon J. , Wei Wenyi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractActivation of the cGAS/STING innate immunity pathway is essential and effective for anti-tumor immunotherapy. However, it remains largely elusive how tumor-intrinsic cGAS signaling is suppressed to facilitate tumorigenesis by escaping immune surveillance. Here, we report that the protein arginine methyltransferase, PRMT1, methylates cGAS at the conserved Arg133 residue, which prevents cGAS dimerization and suppresses the cGAS/STING signaling in cancer cells. Notably, genetic or pharmaceutical ablation of PRMT1 leads to activation of cGAS/STING-dependent DNA sensing signaling, and robustly elevates the transcription of type I and II interferon response genes. As such, PRMT1 inhibition elevates tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in a cGAS-dependent manner, and promotes tumoral PD-L1 expression. Thus, combination therapy of PRMT1 inhibitor with anti-PD-1 antibody augments the anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy in vivo. Our study therefore defines the PRMT1/cGAS/PD-L1 regulatory axis as a critical factor in determining immune surveillance efficacy, which serves as a promising therapeutic target for boosting tumor immunity.
The thioesterase APT1 is a bidirectional-adjustment redox sensor
Authors: Ji Tuo , Zheng Lihua , Wu Jiale , Duan Mei , Liu Qianwen , Liu Peng , Shen Chen , Liu Jinling , Ye Qinyi , Wen Jiangqi , Dong Jiangli , Wang Tao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe adjustment of cellular redox homeostasis is essential in when responding to environmental perturbations, and the mechanism by which cells distinguish between normal and oxidized states through sensors is also important. In this study, we found that acyl-protein thioesterase 1 (APT1) is a redox sensor. Under normal physiological conditions, APT1 exists as a monomer through S-glutathionylation at C20, C22 and C37, which inhibits its enzymatic activity. Under oxidative conditions, APT1 senses the oxidative signal and is tetramerized, which makes it functional. Tetrameric APT1 depalmitoylates S-acetylated NAC (NACsa), and NACsa relocates to the nucleus, increases the cellular glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio through the upregulation of glyoxalase I expression, and resists oxidative stress. When oxidative stress is alleviated, APT1 is found in monomeric form. Here, we describe a mechanism through which APT1 mediates a fine-tuned and balanced intracellular redox system in plant defence responses to biotic and abiotic stresses and provide insights into the design of stress-resistant crops.