bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satisfaction of Lecturers and Undergraduate Students of Medical Faculties in Indonesia towards Online Anatomy Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Liem Isabella Kurnia , Fatril Ayu Eka , Husna Firda Asma’ul 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
COVID-19 has caused serious impacts on many sectors of life, including education. To reduce coronavirus transmission, education activities that used to be held offline are transformed into online classes. Changing face-to-face learning to online learning has influence on the learning strategies, which ultimately might impact the achievement of learning objectives. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire to evaluate the perspectives of human anatomy lecturers and undergraduate medical students in Indonesia about the implementation of online anatomy learning. We also explored their expectations and preferred learning methods after COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, 467 respondents were recruited, which consisted of 66 lecturers from 41 universities in 6 islands (Java, Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara and Papua) and 401 students from 19 universities in 4 islands (Java, Sumatera, Kalimantan, Papua). The majority of the respondents agreed that in online learning, materials were well delivered and understandable, the time could be allocated sufficiently and is manageable; however, the implementation of practical sessions was still problematic. Respondents had different perspectives on whether there were issues during online classes, improvement of student’s motivation, and good interaction between lecturers and students. The majority of the respondents preferred the use of blended learning after the pandemic (new normal era) and expected to continue the cadaveric practical sessions.
Comparison of Methods for Detecting Protein Extracted from Excess Activated Sludge
Authors: Yan Yixin , Zhang Mengnan , Gao Jianlei , Qin Lei , Fu Xi , Wan Junfeng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Currently, the protein content of hydrolyzed sludge supernatant is commonly determined by the Kjeldahl method, but this method suffers from complicated operation, a long time requirement and large chemical consumption. In this paper, the Lowry, bicinchoninic acid (BCA) and Bradfordmethods were used to test the precision and spiked recovery of protein from sludge supernatant hydrolyzed by alkaline-thermal hydrolysis (ATH), enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) and ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis (UEH), and the results were compared with those obtained with the Kjeldahl method. For all the hydrolysis processes, the sludge protein values determined from the three tested methods were within 0.05 of each other, meeting the experimental requirements for accuracy. Both the Lowry and BCA methods had a recovery rate of 95%-105%, while the Bradford method showed a large deviation and was not highly reliable. The three protein determination methods had significant differences from the Kjeldahl method (P<0.05). However, the relative deviation between the Kjeldahl and BCA methods was the smallest (3%-5%), followed by those between the Kjeldahl and the Lowry (11%-21%) and Bradford methods (21%-90%), and the causes of the deviation were analyzed according to the protein hydrolysate components and the mechanisms of the different detection methods. On the basis of the above results, the BCA method was chosen as the most appropriate quantification method for use in sludge protein extraction, and it was used to analyze the protein content extracted from residual sludge from two sewage treatment plants. The reliability of the method was verified, which lays a foundation for the extraction and reclamation of sludge protein.
Enhanced attenuation of chikungunya vaccines expressing antiviral cytokines
Authors: Weger-Lucarelli James , Chuong Christina , Cereghino Chelsea , Rai Pallavi , Bates Tyler , Oberer Megan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging virus responsible for millions of infections globally within the last 15 years and has the potential to become endemic in the US. CHIK disease is characterized by severe febrile illness, with 30–60% of cases leading to debilitating chronic joint pain. No licensed treatments are available to protect against CHIK disease; thus, there is a tremendous need to generate a safe and effective vaccine. Live-attenuated vaccines (LAVs) are an appealing immunization strategy because they typically generate long-term protection from a single dose. However, LAVs often cause post-vaccination side effects and produce systemic viral replication, which can potentially lead to reversion to a pathogenic phenotype or transmission to mosquitoes; thus, safer LAV platforms are needed. To that end, we sought to improve the traditional LAV platform by combining attenuating strategies; as a vaccine backbone, we used a previously developed chimera of CHIKV and the closely related Semliki Forest virus (SFV) where we replaced the E2 domain C region of CHIKV with the corresponding domain from SFV (CHIKV-SFV/DomC) that was highly attenuated in mice and mosquitoes. To further attenuate the backbone, we inserted IFN-γ or IL-21, important antiviral cytokine genes, into the viral genome. The IFN-γ- and IL-21-expressing candidates were significantly attenuated post-vaccination, generating reduced footpad swelling with minimal systemic replication and dissemination capacity compared to the parental vaccine. Additionally, these candidates provided complete protection to mice challenged with WT CHIKV. This novel dual attenuation strategy combining an attenuated chimeric backbone and an antiviral cytokine has the possibility to be applied for the attenuation of any RNA virus.
Accelerated Antarctic ice loss through ocean forced changes in subglacial hydrology
Authors: Pinter Sophia , Piccione Gavin , Blackburn Terrence , Tulaczyk Slawek 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Recent changes in Southern Ocean temperature have been linked with catchment-wide Antarctic ice acceleration and loss. The ice sheet models producing future sea level projections, however, rely on controversial mechanisms to match this rapid response, possibly due to the omission of feedbacks between subglacial water pressure and ice velocity. While modern remote sensing data tie increased subglacial water pressure to ice acceleration, there exists no record of subglacial hydrology long enough to evaluate this feedback on timescales relevant to climate and sea level change. Here we present a ten-thousand-year record of subglacial water dynamics and chemistry from ~110 ka East Antarctic calcite and sediment-bearing subglacial precipitates. Time series of sediment frequency and grain size indicate that changes in subglacial water dynamics correlate with Southern Ocean temperature. Similarly, shifts in calcite composition record climate-driven changes in subglacial water provenance. The synchronized changes in subglacial hydrology with climate support subglacial water drainage systems as having a key role in transferring the climate forcing acting on ice sheet margins, deep into ice sheet interior. The demonstrated coupling between subglacial water and climate clarifies the current rapid ice response to climate change in Antarctica, and underscores a need and means to heighten the sensitivity of ice sheet models.
MRBEE: A novel bias-corrected multivariable Mendelian Randomization method
Authors: Zhu Xiaofeng , Lorincz-Comi Noah , Yang Yihe , Li Gen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Mendelian Randomization (MR) has been widely applied to infer causality of exposures on outcomes in the genome wide association (GWAS) era. Existing approaches are often subject to biases from multiple sources including weak instruments, sample overlap, and measurement error. We introduce MRBEE, a computationally efficient multivariable MR method that can correct for all known biases simultaneously, which is demonstrated in theory, simulations, and real data analysis. In comparison, all existing MR methods are biased. In two independent real data analyses, we observed that the causal effect of BMI on coronary artery disease risk is completely mediated by blood pressure, and that existing MR methods drastically underestimate the causal effect of cannabis use disorder on schizophrenia risk compared to MRBEE. We demonstrate that MRBEE can be a useful tool in studying causality between multiple risk factors and a disease outcome, especially as more GWAS summary statistics are being made publicly available.
Does the dynamic adjustment of agricultural water prices drive variation of the agricultural production？
Authors: Mu Lan , Wang Yuan , Xue Binrui 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Regarding the relationship between value, resources, and environmental issues, how to use the principle of economic leverage to manage the demand for agricultural water resources has received increasing research attention. Yet, due to the complexity of how the water economy is structured and to uncertainty in how setting an agricultural water price will affect water demand responses, it is still unclear how to determine a reasonable way to charge for agricultural water. This study investigates the impact of water prices on regional cropping structure, irrigation water use, and environmental sustainability under different increasing price scenarios, using a positive mathematical programming (PMP) model based on GAMS software. The model was run and calibrated using 427 field survey data from the pilot areas in the Wei River Basin for the 2022 crop year. These pilot areas have been selected for comprehensive reform with regard to agricultural water pricing. Our results show that increasing the agricultural water price leads to the changing of crop planting structure in the study area and to the increase of water price elasticity. Furthermore, when the water price rose 200% and 400%, the pesticide input in site A decreased by 1.71% and 3.40%, respectively, and the fertilizer input in site B decreased by 1.05% and 2.03%, respectively. Therefore, our results support the positive role of implementing water price reform policies in the Wei River Basin, but additional policies are also needed to improve the motivation of farmers to save water.
Selenide-linked Polydopamine-Reinforced Hybrid Hydrogels with On-demand Degradation and Light-triggered Nanozyme Release for Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Li Wenjing , Bei Ying , Pan Xiangqiang , Zhu Jian , Zhang Zhengbiao , Zhang Tingling , Liu Jieting , Wu Dan , Li Meng , Wu Yan , Gao Jie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Multifunctional hydrogels with controllable degradation and drug release have attracted extensive attention in diabetic wound healing. This study focused on the acceleration of diabetic wound healing with selenide-linked polydopamine-reinforced hybrid hydrogels with on-demand degradation and light-triggered nanozyme release.
Methods
Herein, selenium-containing hybrid hydrogels, defined as DSeP@PB, were fabricated via the reinforcement of selenol-end capping polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels by polydopamine nanoparticles (PDANPs) and Prussian blue nanozymes in a one-pot approach in the absence of any other chemical additive or organic solvent based on diselenide and selenide bonding-guided crosslinking, making them accessible for large-scale mass production.
Results
Reinforcement by PDANPs greatly increases the mechanical properties of the hydrogels, realizing excellent injectability and flexible mechanical properties for DSeP@PB. Dynamic diselenide introduction endowed the hydrogels with on-demand degradation under reducing or oxidizing conditions and light-triggered nanozyme release. The bioactivity of Prussian blue nanozymes afforded the hydrogels with efficient antibacterial, ROS-scavenging and immunomodulatory effects, which protected cells from oxidative damage and reduced inflammation. Further animal studies indicated that DSeP@PB under red light irradiation showed the most efficient wound healing activity by stimulating angiogenesis and collagen deposition and inhibiting inflammation.
Conclusion
The combined merits of DSeP@PB (on-demand degradation, light-triggered release, flexible mechanical robustness, antibacterial, ROS-scavenging and immunomodulatory capacities) enable its high potential as a new hydrogel dressing that can be harnessed for safe and efficient therapeutics for diabetic wound healing.
Satellite Imagery Retrieval Based on Adaptive Gaussian Markov Random Field Model with Bayes Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Seetharaman 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper introduces a novel method for satellite colour imagery retrieval, based on an Adaptive Gaussian Markov Random Field (AGMRF) model with the Bayes-driven Deep Convolutional Neural Network (AGMRF-BDCNN). The given input imagery is segregated into the structure, microstructure, and texture components, and the AGMRF-driven features and statistical features are extracted from the segregated components and are formulated as a feature vector of the query imagery. Cosine direction and Bhattacharyya distance measures are deployed to match the feature vector with the feature vector of the feature vector database. If the query imagery features match the feature-vector database's features, then the reference imagery in the database is marked and indexed. The indexed imageries are retrieved. Three different benchmark datasets, SceneSat, PatternNet, and UC Merced, have been used to validate the proposed AGMRF-BDCNN method. For the SceneSat dataset, the AGMRF-BDCNN method results in 0.2319 scores for ANMRR and 0.7156 scores for mAP; for the UC Merced dataset, it yields 0.2316 scores for ANMRR and 0.7816 scores for mAP; for PatternNet dataset, it achieves 0.2405 scores for ANMRR and 0.6979 scores for mAP. The obtained results are comparable to state-of-the-art methods.
Undergraduate dental student preferences for learning: a three-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Gatt Gabriella , Attard Nikolai J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
This student-centred prospective cohort study evaluated the impact of multimodal teaching methods on student performance in the theoretical domain of dental studies.
Methods
Dental students answered anonymous questionnaires indicating their preferences and opinions three times over three consecutive academic years. Data collected included gender, course, year of study and most frequent and preferred learning modality. Survey responses from Google Forms were analysed with SPSS 20.0 software (IBM Company, Chicago, IL, USA). Scale responses were tested with the Mann-Whitney U test against gender, program and year of study. Grades obtained from structured examinations held in the third academic year were analysed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test according to the teaching method employed. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results
The response rate was high (> 80%) throughout the study. Acceptance of online modalities increased over time (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = < 0.001) and 75% of students requested that online teaching modalities be maintained. Significant differences in gender, course of study, year of study and discipline taught were observed (Mann-Whitney test, p < 0.05). Females differed from males by favouring online modalities and face-to-face lectures, respectively, and clinical year students opted to retain pre-recorded online lectures. Recorded lectures resulted better for teaching core knowledge (Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, p = 0.034), while face-to-face lectures were better for teaching applied knowledge (Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, p = 0.043). Student responses to open-ended questions identified the need for a blended approach with in-person lecturing as an opportunity to socialise and avoid mental health issues. Although preferences varied, students showed a willingness to influence their learning and changes in curriculum, a predilection for self-directed learning and the need for freedom in engaging with resources and content.
Conclusions
In the context of this study, online teaching modalities resulted in comparable examination performance and improved student satisfaction. This highlights the need for a blended approach to teaching.
Soret-effect induced phase-change in chromium nitride semiconductor film
Authors: Shuang Yi , Mori Shunsuke , Yamamoto Takuya , Hatayama Shogo , Song Yun-Heub , Hong JinPyo , Ando Daisuke , Sutou Yuji 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Phase-change materials such as Ge-Sb-Te (GST) exhibiting amorphous and crystalline phases can be used for phase-change random access memories (PCRAM). GST-based PCRAM has been applied as a storage-class memory; however, its relatively low ON/OFF ratio and large Joule heat energy for the RESET process (amorphization) significantly limit the storage density. This study proposes a novel phase-change nitride, CrN, with a much wider programming window (ON/OFF ratio more than 105) and lower RESET energy (a 90 % reduction from GST). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed a unique phase-change from low resistive cubic CrN into high resistive hexagonal CrN2 induced by the Soret-effect. The proposed phase-change nitride could greatly expand the scope of conventional phase-change chalcogenides and offer a new strategy for next-generation PCRAM, enabling a large ON/OFF ratio, low energy, and fast operation.
Correlates of e-cigarette use susceptibility among never-smoking youth: A cross-sectional study in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Yan Ruilin , Liu Yanhong , Huang Li , Li Yanrou , Huang Yun , Tong Jing , Deng Yongzheng , Yuan Qing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Identifying youth at risk of future e-cigarette use is crucial for informing effective prevention strategies. The current study aims to examine the correlates of e-cigarette use susceptibility among never-smoking youth from four levels: personal, psychological, parental, and social factors.
Methods
This Cross-sectional study recruited 2487 never-smoking students (aged 12–17 years) from 15 junior and high schools in the Bao'an District of Shenzhen, China from October to December 2021. E-cigarette susceptibility was measured by two items assessing the possibility to use e-cigarettes in the future and willingness to use if offered by a friend. Random-effects logistic regression models were used to explore risk factors of e-cigarette use susceptibility from four levels.
Results
Of the 2487 youth who never smoked, 5.5% (n = 136) were susceptible to e-cigarette use. The regression model identified the following correlates of e-cigarette susceptibility: perceptions of e-cigarettes, perceived social support, parental style, pro- and anti-tobacco information exposure, SHS exposure, and friends using e-cigarettes. Youth believing it is not easy to get addicted to e-cigarettes (aOR = 2.19; 95%CI: 1.21–3.96; p = 0.010), having father rejection (aOR = 2.38; 95%CI: 1.22–4.65; p = 0.011), having SHS exposure at home for 5–7 days (aOR = 2.04; 95%CI: 1.24–3.37; p = 0.005), noticing e-cigarette advertising (aOR = 1.80; 95%CI: 1.22–2.65; p = 0.003), and having friends using e-cigarettes (aOR = 2.59–5.28; 95%CI: 1.76–14.73; p < 0.001) were more susceptible to e-cigarette use. Youth thinking e-cigarette use less attractive (aOR = 0.55; 95%CI: 0.37–0.83; p = 0.005), having high social support (aOR = 0.49; 95%CI: 0.24–0.97; p = 0.041), and noticing the effects of e-cigarette use (aOR = 0.53; 95%CI: 0.36–0.78; p = 0.001) were less susceptible to e-cigarette use.
Conclusions
Youth' susceptibility to e-cigarette use is affected by multiple factors. A multi-level approach involving personal, psychological, parental, and social environment factors is needed to prevent youth from e-cigarette initiation.
Expression of RNA-binding motif protein 3 is increased in gastric adenocarcinoma but unrelated to prognosis of patients
Authors: Melling Nathaniel , Uzunoglu Faik Güntac , Ghadban Tarik , Tachezy Michael , Hajek André , Izbicki Jakob Robert , Grupp Katharina 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Strong RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3) has recently been described to be linked to overall survival in many different cancer types. To better understand the impact of RBM3 expression in preneoplastic and neoplastic gastric tissue, RBM3 protein expression was analyzed on a pre-existing tissue microarray containing normal gastric epithelium, gastric dysplasia, and primary gastric adenocarcinoma specimens. Nuclear RBM3 expression was detectable in various intensities in benign gastric epithelium. Increased nuclear RBM3 expression was found in preneoplastic and neoplastic as compared to normal gastric epithelium (P < 0.0001 each). In detail, strong RBM3 expression were found in 63.6% of dysplasia and 56.8% of cancers. These data suggest a role of RBM3 in gastric carcinogenesis – however - high RBM3 expression was unrelated to clinic-pathological features of tumors and overall survival of patients.
Carcinogenic effect of adenosine deaminase(ADA) in human tumors
Authors: Zhou Fangye , Luo Yupeng , Xiong Haoran , Zhang Guangjie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Adenosine deaminasa (ADA) is a type of protease that is encoded by protein coding genes.Human diseases caused by ADA gene deletion or mutation are mainly serious combined diseases of immunodeficiency and autosomal recessive diseases, etc.But cancer analysis between ADA gene and cancer is not available.Using some databases TCGA, GEPIA, UALCAN, cBioportal, DAVID and others, we first analyzed ADA gene expression in different cancer patients and found that there are significant differences in ADA gene expression in some cancer patients.Therefore, there may be a certain relationship between ADA gene and tumorigenesis.ADA is increased regulation in eight cancers and decreased in three cancers.Furthermore, we analyzed these 11 tumors and observed ADA gene change in 11 tumors.In KIRC, PAAD and THYM tumours ADA expression was associated with infiltration of CD8+T cells and cancer fibroblasts.KEGG and GO have shown that ADA enriches primarily the immune response, signaling pathway and antigen binding.The ADA gene was correlated with some human tumors.Our study showed a comprehensive understanding of the important role of ADA in some tumors.