bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like illness in a pediatric patient following COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Brock Kenneth , Reyes Susana Creagh , Conner Christopher , Gillson Natalie , Weiss Michael , Elfituri Osama , Paydar Amir 
Published: February 2023

Since the inception of the COVID-19 pandemic, over 60 cases of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) or ADEM-like clinically isolated syndromes have been linked to COVID-19 infection. However, cases linked to COVID-19 vaccination remain exceptionally rare. To the author’s knowledge, eight published cases of ADEM or ADEM-like clinically isolated syndrome have been described after patients received COVID-19 vaccinations, all of which occurred in adults. This report details the first documented case of an ADEM-like illness in a pediatric patient, which developed shortly after receiving the Pfizer (Pfizer-BioNTech, Germany) COVID-19 vaccination. The patient made a near complete clinical recovery over 10 days after receiving a 5-day course of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy.
COVID-19 induced cost upraises in the lifestyle of common people in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Amin Mohammad Ashraful , Mozid Nusrat-E , Bonna Atia Sharmin , Afrin Sadia , Nahin Sabina , Hawlader Mohammad Delwer Hossain 
Published: February 2023

Background COVID-19 continues to pose a significant risk to human health and is a prominent global vampire. COVID-19 diseases have a similar burden in all parts of the world, but they present a significant challenge to public health in low- and middle-income nations like Bangladesh. The primary purposes of the study are to describe the extent to which COVID-19 has increased the cost of living for the average Bangladeshi and to identify the chronic diseases that have been linked to the lifestyle impacts of COVID-19. Methods Snowball sampling was used to conduct a cross-sectional, confidential, online community survey from August 27, 2020, to October 10, 2020. Results Overall, 220 (69%) were male, most (32.2%) were between the ages of 31 and 40, most (71%) lived in urban, 279 (87%) were Muslim, and 120 (38%) had private jobs. Most of the people who answered were in classes 13–16 (55%), were married (80%), had a family (4-5) (76%), and earn more than 40,000 Taka (46%) and also between 20,000 and 40,000 Taka (35%) per month. 200 of the people who replied did not have a chronic disease, and 62 had at least one. During the beginning of COVID-19, 311 of the 312 people who answered the survey used masks. This began with the first case of COVID-19 in Bangladesh. 95% of the time, they used sanitizer, and 36% of the time, they used soap. Overall, 22% made less money during this time, and 7% lost their jobs. Because of the possible effects, there was less economic activity and less money coming into the community. Conclusions Impacts on Bangladesh's economy and way of life from COVID-19 are summarized in this report. It's not just a financial crisis; the ripple effects are being felt across society.
Screening for antifolate and artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates from three hospitals of Eritrea
Authors: Mukhongo Harriet Natabona , Kinyua Johnson Kang'ethe , Weldemichael Yishak Gebrekidan , Kasili Remmy Wekesa 
Published: February 2023

Background: Antimalarial drug resistance is a major challenge hampering malaria control and elimination. Plasmodium falciparum, the leading causative parasite species, has developed resistance to basically all antimalarials. Continued surveillance of drug resistance using genetic markers provides important molecular data for treatment policies. This study sought to verify the genetic mechanism of resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and assess the occurrence of point mutations associated with artemisinin resistance in P. falciparum clinical isolates from Eritrea. Methods: Nineteen dried blood spot samples were collected from patients visiting Adi Quala, Keren and Gash Barka Hospitals, Eritrea. The patients were followed up after receiving treatment with first line artesunate-amodiaquine. Nested polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing techniques were employed to genotype point mutations in the P. falciparum bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (Pfdhfr, PF3D7_0417200), dihydropteorate synthase (Pfdhps, PF3D7_0810800) and kelch 13 (PfK13, PF3D7_1343700) genes. Results: Eight of nineteen (42%) of the dried blood spot samples were successful for PCR-amplification. Data analyses of the PCR-positive isolates revealed the following point mutations: Pfdhfr N51I in four isolates, C59R in one isolate, S108N in four isolates, a rare non-synonymous substitution V45A in four isolates and Pfdhps K540E in four isolates. No PfK13 point mutations were reported. Conclusions: Pfdhfr C59R and Pfdhps K540E point mutations are reliable markers for the sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine quintuple mutant haplotype combination. These findings highlight first reports in Eritrea, which verify the underlying genetic mechanism of antifolate resistance. Continuous monitoring of the PfK13 marker is recommended.
Ultrasound appearance of the kidney among radiology department attendees of a tertiary centre in Malawi
Authors: Carey Laura , Tsidya Bright , Nkhalema Bazwell , Kaimba Sylvester , Chetcuti Karen , Joekes Elizabeth , Kreuels Benno , Henrion Marc , Rylance Jamie 
Published: February 2023

Background: Diagnostic and therapeutic decisions in nephrology in low-resource settings are frequently based on ultrasound assessment of kidney size. An understanding of reference values is critical, particularly given the rise of non-communicable disease and the expanding availability of point-of-care ultrasound. However, there is a paucity of normative data from African populations. We determined estimates of kidney ultrasound measures, including kidney size based on age, sex, and HIV status, among apparently healthy outpatient attendees of Queen Elizabeth Central hospital radiology department, Blantyre, Malawi. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional cohort study of 320 adults attending the radiology department between October 2021 and January 2022. Bilateral kidney ultrasound was performed on all participants using a portable Mindray DP-50 machine and a 5MHz convex probe. The sample was stratified by age, sex, and HIV status. Predictive linear modelling was used to construct reference ranges for kidney size estimating the central 95 percentiles of 252 healthy adults. Exclusion criteria for the healthy sample were known kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes, BMI > 35, heavy alcohol intake, smoking and ultrasonographic abnormalities. Results: There were 162/320 (51%) male participants. The median age was 47 (interquartile range [IQR] 34-59). Among people living with HIV 134/138 (97%) were receiving antiretroviral therapy. Men had larger average kidney sizes: mean 9.68 cm (SD 0.80 cm), compared to 9.46 cm (SD 0.87 cm) in women (p = 0.01). Average kidney sizes in people living with HIV were not significantly different from those who were HIV-negative, 9.73 cm (SD 0.93 cm) versus 9.58 cm (SD 0.93 cm) (p = 0.63). Conclusions: This is the first report of the apparently healthy kidney size in Malawi. Predicted kidney size ranges may be used for reference in the clinical assessment of kidney disease in Malawi.
Satellite-derived bathymetry integrating spatial and spectral information of multispectral images
Authors: Li Ningning , Tang Qiuhua , Chen Yilan , Dong Zhipeng , Li Jie , Fu Xuancheng 
Published: February 2023

As a significant and cost-effective method of obtaining shallow seabed topography, satellite derived bathymetry (SDB) can acquire a wide range of shallow sea depth by integrating a small quantity ofin-situwater depth data. This method is a beneficial addition to traditional bathymetric topography. The seafloor’s spatial heterogeneity leads to inaccuracies in bathymetric inversion, which reduces bathymetric accuracy. By utilizing multispectral data with multidimensional features, an SDB approach incorporating spectral and spatial information of multispectral images is proposed in this study. In order to effectively increase the accuracy of bathymetry inversion throughout the entire area, first the random forest with spatial coordinates is established to control bathymetry spatial variation on a large scale. Next, the Kriging algorithm is used to interpolate bathymetry residuals, and the interpolation results are used to adjust bathymetry spatial variation on a small scale. The data from three shallow water sites are experimentally processed to validate the method. Compared with other established bathymetric inversion techniques, the experimental results show that the method effectively reduces the error in bathymetry estimation caused by spatial heterogeneity of the seabed, producing high-precision inversion bathymetry with a root mean square error of 0.78 to 1.36 meters.
Patients’ perceived quality of care and their satisfaction with care given for MDR-TB at referral hospitals in Ethiopia
Authors: Wakjira Mengistu K. , Sandy Peter T. , Mavhandu-Mudzusi A. H. 
Published: February 2023

Background
There is presently dearth of evidence in Ethiopia on patients’ perception on quality of care given for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and their satisfaction with the care and services they receive for the disease. Moreover, there is no evidence on the experiences and practices of caregivers for MDR-TB regarding the functionality of the programmatic management of MDR-TB at referral hospitals in Ethiopia. Thus, this study was conducted to address these gaps. Evidence in these areas would help to institute interventions that could enhance patient satisfaction and their adherence to the treatment given for MDR-TB.

Design and methods
This study employed an inductive phenomenological approach to investigate patients’ perception of the quality of care given for MDR-TB, level of their satisfaction with the care they received for MDR-TB and the experiences and practices of caregivers for MDR-TB on the functionality of the programmatic management of MDR-TB at referral hospitals in Ethiopia. The data were analysed manually, and that helped to get more control over the data.

Results
The majority of the patients were satisfied with the compassionate communication and clinical care they received at hospitals. However, as no doctor was dedicated exclusively for the MDR-TB centre of the hospitals, patients could not get timely medical attention during emergent medical conditions. Patients were dissatisfied with the poor communication and uncaring practice of caregivers found at treatment follow-up centres (TFCs). Patients perceived that socio-economic difficulties are both the cause of MDR-TB and it has also challenged their ability to cope-up with the disease and its treatment. Patients were dissatisfied with the poor quality and inadequate quantity of the socio-economic support they got from the programme. Despite the high MDR-TB and HIV/AIDS co-infection, services for both diseases were not available under one roof.

Conclusions
Socio-economic challenges, inadequate socio-economic support, absence of integrated care for MDR-TB and HIV/AIDS, and the uncaring practice of caregivers at treatment follow-up centres are found to negatively affect patients’ perceived quality of care and their satisfaction with the care given for MDR-TB. Addressing these challenges is recommended to assist patients’ coping ability with MDR-TB and its treatment.
Gluten-free diet adherence in children with screening-detected celiac disease using a prospective birth cohort study
Authors: Mehta Pooja , Li Qian , Stahl Marisa , Uusitalo Ulla , Lindfors Katri , Butterworth Martha D. , Kurppa Kalle , Virtanen Suvi , Koletzko Sibylle , Aronsson Carin , Hagopian William A. , Rewers Marian J. , Toppari Jorma , Ziegler Anette-G. , Akolkar Beena , Krischer Jeffrey P. , Agardh Daniel , Liu Edwin ,   on behalf of the TEDDY Study Group
Published: February 2023

BackgroundCeliac disease has an increasing incidence worldwide and is treated with lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet. We aimed to describe gluten-free diet adherence rates in children with screening-identified celiac disease, determine adherence-related factors, and compare adherence to food records in a multinational prospective birth cohort study.MethodsChildren in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young study with celiac disease were included. Subjects had at least annual measurement of adherence (parent-report) and completed 3-day food records. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests and multivariable logistic and linear regression were employed.ResultsTwo hundred ninety (73%) and 199 (67%) of subjects were always adherent to a gluten-free diet at 2 and 5 years post celiac disease diagnosis respectively. The percentage of children with variable adherence increased from 1% at 2 years to 15% at 5 years. Children with a first-degree relative with celiac disease were more likely to be adherent to the gluten-free diet. Gluten intake on food records could not differentiate adherent from nonadherent subjects. Adherent children from the United States had more gluten intake based on food records than European children (P < .001 and P = .007 at 2 and 5 years respectively).ConclusionApproximately three-quarters of children with screening-identified celiac disease remain strictly adherent to a gluten-free diet over time. There are no identifiable features associated with adherence aside from having a first-degree relative with celiac disease. Despite good parent-reported adherence, children from the United States have more gluten intake when assessed by food records. Studies on markers of gluten-free diet adherence, sources of gluten exposure (particularly in the United States), and effects of adherence on mucosal healing are needed.
Feasibility of a wearable inertial sensor to assess motor complications and treatment in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Caballol Nuria , Bayés Àngels , Prats Anna , Martín-Baranera Montserrat , Quispe Paola 
Published: February 2023

Background
Wearable sensors-based systems have emerged as a potential tool to continuously monitor Parkinson’s Disease (PD) motor features in free-living environments.

Objectives
To analyse the responsivity of wearable inertial sensor (WIS) measures (On/Off-Time, dyskinesia, freezing of gait (FoG) and gait parameters) after treatment adjustments. We also aim to study the ability of the sensor in the detection of MF, dyskinesia, FoG and the percentage of Off-Time, under ambulatory conditions of use.

Methods
We conducted an observational, open-label study. PD patients wore a validated WIS (STAT-ONTM) for one week (before treatment), and one week, three months after therapeutic changes. The patients were analyzed into two groups according to whether treatment changes had been indicated or not.

Results
Thirty-nine PD patients were included in the study (PD duration 8 ± 3.5 years). Treatment changes were made in 29 patients (85%). When comparing the two groups (treatment intervention vs no intervention), the WIS detected significant changes in the mean percentage of Off-Time (p = 0.007), the mean percentage of On-Time (p = 0.002), the number of steps (p = 0.008) and the gait fluidity (p = 0.004). The mean percentage of Off-Time among the patients who decreased their Off-Time (79% of patients) was -7.54 ± 5.26. The mean percentage of On-Time among the patients that increased their On-Time (59% of patients) was 8.9 ± 6.46. The Spearman correlation between the mean fluidity of the stride and the UPDRS-III- Factor I was 0.6 (p = <0.001). The system detected motor fluctuations (MF) in thirty-seven patients (95%), whilst dyskinesia and FoG were detected in fifteen (41%), and nine PD patients (23%), respectively. However, the kappa agreement analysis between the UPDRS-IV/clinical interview and the sensor was 0.089 for MF, 0.318 for dyskinesia and 0.481 for FoG.

Conclusions
It’s feasible to use this sensor for monitoring PD treatment under ambulatory conditions. This system could serve as a complementary tool to assess PD motor complications and treatment adjustments, although more studies are required.
Safety and effectiveness of 8 weeks of Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir in challenging HCV patients: Italian data from the CREST study
Authors: Aghemo Alessio , Persico Marcello , D’Ambrosio Roberta , Andreoni Massimo , Villa Erica , Bhagat Abhi , Gallinaro Valentina , Gualberti Giuliana , Merolla Rocco Cosimo Damiano , Gasbarrini Antonio 
Published: February 2023

Introduction
Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (G/P) has demonstrated high rates (>95%) of sustained virologic response at posttreatment Week 12 (SVR12) in treatment-naïve (TN) patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and compensated cirrhosis (CC). Here, in a key real-world subset of TN Italian patients with CC, we evaluated the effectiveness and safety of 8-week G/P treatment, including subgroups of interest such as those with genotype 3 (GT3) infection, elderly patients, and those with more advanced liver disease.

Methods
Subanalysis of Italian patients enrolled in the CREST study. The full analysis set (FAS) included all patients enrolled in the study; the modified analysis set (MAS) excluded patients who discontinued G/P for nonvirologic failure or who had missing SVR12 results. Primary and secondary endpoints included SVR12 and safety, respectively.

Results
Of 42 patients included in the FAS, 1 discontinued for unknown reasons, and 2 had missing SVR12 data, leaving 39 patients included in the MAS. At treatment initiation, 74% of patients had ≥1 comorbidity, and 62% were receiving concomitant medications, including some that may potentially interact with G/P. SVR12 was achieved in 100% of patients in the MAS, and in 95% in the FAS. In subgroups of interest, the proportion of patients achieving SVR12 in the MAS (and FAS) was: 100% (94%) for patients ≥65 years, 100% (86%) for GT3, and 100% (100%) for patients with platelet count <150 × 109/L and FibroScan® >20 kPa. Overall, 2 (5%) patients had an adverse event and neither were serious.

Conclusion
Results from this real-world Italian cohort demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of 8-week G/P, with SVR12 rate >95%, even in elderly patients. These findings further support real-world evidence of the use of short-course G/P treatment in all patients with CC, including those with GT3, and those with advanced liver disease.
Incidence of lower limb deep vein thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia through different waves of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: A multicenter prospective study
Authors: Pieralli Filippo , Pomero Fulvio , Corbo Lorenzo , Fortini Alberto , Guazzini Giulia , Lastraioli Lisa , Luise Fabio , Mancini Antonio , Maddaluni Lucia , Milia Alessandro , Sammicheli Lucia , Mani Filippo , Marcucci Rossella 
Published: February 2023

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limbs in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia in a non-ICU setting according to the different waves of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Methods
Multicenter, prospective study of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to Internal Medicine units in Italy during the first (March-May 2020) and subsequent waves (November 2020 –April 2021) of the pandemic using a serial compression ultrasound (CUS) surveillance to detect DVT of the lower limbs.

Results
Three-hundred-sixty-three consecutive patients were enrolled. The pooled incidence of DVT was 8%: 13.5% in the first wave, and 4.2% in the subsequent waves (p = 0.002). The proportion of patients with early (< 4 days) detection of DVT was higher in patients during the first wave with respect to those of subsequent waves (8.1% vs 1.9%; p = 0.004). Patients enrolled in different waves had similar clinical characteristics, and thrombotic risk profile. Less patients during the first wave received intermediate/high dose anticoagulation with respect to those of the subsequent waves (40.5% vs 54.5%; p = 0.005); there was a significant difference in anticoagulant regimen and initiation of thromboprophylaxis at home (8.1% vs 25.1%; p<0.001).

Conclusions
In acutely ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, the incidence of DVT of the lower limbs showed a 3-fold decrease during the first with respect to the subsequent waves of the pandemic. A significant increase in thromboprophylaxis initiation prior to hospitalization, and the increase of the intensity of anticoagulation during hospitalization, likely, played a relevant role to explain this observation.
Artificial intelligence algorithms predict the efficacy of analgesic cocktails prescribed after orthopedic surgery
Authors: Fritsch Gerhard , Steltzer Heinz , Oberladstaetter Daniel , Zeller Carolina , Prossinger Hermann 
Published: February 2023

Background
Mixtures (‘cocktails’) of various analgesics are more effective in controlling post-operative pain because of potential synergetic effects. Few studies have investigated such effects in large combinations of analgesics and no studies have determined the probabilities of effectiveness.

Methods
We used one-hot encoding of the categorical variables reported pain levels and the administered cocktails (from a total of eight analgesics) and then applied an unsupervised neural network and then the unsupervised DBSCAN algorithm to detect clusters of cocktails. We used Bayesian statistics to classify the effectiveness of these cocktails.

Results
Of the 61 different cocktails administered to 750 patients, we found that four combinations of three to four analgesics were by far the most effective. All these cocktails contained Metamizole and Paracetamol; three contained Hydromorphone and two contained Diclofenac and one Diclofenac-Orphenadrine. The ML probability that these cocktails decreased pain levels ranged from 0.965 to 0.981. Choice of a most effective cocktail involves choosing the optimum in a 4-dimensional parameter space: maximum probability of efficacy, confidence interval about maximum probability, fraction of patients with increase in pain levels, relative number of patients with successful pain level decrease.

Conclusions
We observed that administering one analgesic or at most two is not effective. We found no statistical indicators that interactions between analgesics in the most effective cocktails decreased their effectiveness. Pairs of most effective cocktails differed by the addition of only one analgesic (Diclofenac-Orphenadrine for one pair and Hydromorphone for the other). We conclude that the listed cocktails are to be recommended.