bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sense of smell in contemporary social sciences and human environment
Authors: Hoffmann Beata 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAcross the ages, attitudes towards particular senses and their hierarchization have shifted. The sense of smell is an element of almost every person's experience. Its impact is physical, psychological and social. Up to this day, smell has been an important element of social interactions, influencing social reception and the quality of interpersonal contacts. Although smell has not always been an object of researchers’ interests, and often its importance has been intentionally depreciated, the tension between disqualification and embrace of olfactory data has not stopped the development of osmological research, also in the social sciences. The first sociologist to pay attention to the important role of senses in the social process was Georg Simmel. Thanks to an innovative approach to senses as social entities, he changed not just the perspective on sensory events but also laid the foundations for the specialist area of the sociology of the senses. This text attempts at introducing the reader to the origins and evolution of the sociology of the senses, placing special attention on the sense of smell, as well as how the ongoing ‘aromatization of culture’ process is opening up a large field of sociological research.
A systematic review of photovoice research methods with people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Chinn Deborah , Balota Bogdan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPhotovoice is an arts‐based participatory action research methodology that is growing in popularity. Our aim was to systematically review photovoice research with people with intellectual disabilities to describe the current ‘state of the art’ and identify areas for further methodological consideration.MethodsWe searched five databases using search terms relating to photovoice and intellectual disabilities. Thirty one studies met inclusion criteria. We used thematic analysis to identify common themes.FindingsThe themes identified—adaptations to the photovoice method, collaboration, participation and power, impact and outcomes—explored how far the ‘voice’ and agency of participants with intellectual disabilities taking part in photovoice research were supported and whether photovoice lived up to its promise as ‘action’ research.ConclusionPhotovoice creates opportunities for self‐representation of people with intellectual disabilities through photography. Participants could be further supported to engage with researchers in critical reflection on findings and collaborate on tangible outcomes.
Bone mineral density in adults with Down syndrome: a cross‐sectional study in a Brazilian sample
Authors: Fedrigo A. , Skare T. L. , Levandoski G. R. , Chrisostomo K. R. , de Oliveira N. P. , Nisihara R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe aim to investigate the relationship between bone mass in a sample of Brazilian individuals with DS and handgrip strength, body mass index (BMI) and physical exercise.MethodsDual‐energy X‐ray emission densitometry analysis of bone mass in 26 individuals with DS (8 men and 18 women with a mean age of 30.7 ± 10.3 years) was conducted. Additionally, weight and height were measured to determine BMI, palmar grip strength was measured using a Jammar dynamometer®, and physical activity was classified using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).ResultsIn this sample, 2/15 (13.3%) individuals with age between 18 to 29 years had low BMD in the spine; 2/8 (25%) of those with age between 30 and 39 years also had low BMD in the spine and 2/3 (66.6%) with age ≥40 had low BMD in the femur. There were significant correlations between palmar grip strength and Z femoral neck score in women (P = 0.02) and between BMI and Z femoral neck score in men (P = 0.04). All other correlations lacked statistical significance (P > 0.05).ConclusionsBrazilian patients with DS showed a high prevalence of low bone mass. Traditional factors such as muscle strength, BMI and physical activity appear to have little effect on bone mineral density in this population.
Acne vulgaris and the most popular and new cosmetological treatments
Authors: Chilicka Karolina , Gold Michael H. , Nowicka D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionAcne vulgaris is a disease that has an enormous impact on appearance of the skin of the patients and also on their quality of life. Long‐term dermatological treatment, which often lasts years, and disease relapses contribute to the occurrence of low self‐esteem and depression. Acne is one of the 10 most common diseases in the world and the most common inflammatory skin disease. Many methods of dermatological treatment that bring very good results are available. However, educating people with acne on how to take care of their skin on a daily basis to minimize the bleak effects of the disease is an extremely important element. Contemporary cosmetology creates an environment for not only taking care of the skin at home, but also develops in‐office treatments with exfoliation of the dead epidermis as an extremely important and priority part of treatment. The cosmetologist can propose both chemical and apparatus methods, which are selected individually for each client.ObjectiveThe objective of this article is to provide information about cosmetological treatment used in acne vulgaris.MethodsIn this article, we reviewed the published literature, article published in peer‐reviewed journals.ResultsThere are many methods that work well in the case of acne skin care, more and more new treatments appear on the cosmetological market.ConclusionAcne skin care in beauty parlor is very important element.
Who judges plants? Scientific‐legal judgement of varieties for plant breeder's rights
Authors: MacDonald Hamish 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn internationally standardised system of intellectual property protection for new varieties of plants is outlined by the Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants Convention. Within this system, member States must determine who will be responsible for assessing plant varieties. Jurisdictions have adopted divergent approaches to this question, with varying degrees and modes of government involvement in the assessment process. Taking Australia as a case study, this article explores a decentralised system of expert judgement where individuals accredited as Qualified Persons are authorised to judge new plant varieties. Drawing on extensive interviews, this article outlines Australia's Qualified Person system, including the accreditation, training, and supervision of Qualified Persons. I argue that the formal system of varietal assessment is underlaid and buttressed by a multiplicity of informal elements, including the tacit knowledge of Qualified Persons, audit processes, apprenticeship‐like learning practices and interpersonal relationships of trust between Qualified Persons and government officials.
Diagrams, images and conceptual maps in nursing education
Authors: Durmis Christine , Wilkenfeld Daniel A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe way in which one understands information and concepts, and the way a student works to develop this, is an individual aspect of learning that cannot be universally defined as (at least manifested) the same for everyone. ‘Understanding’ is a broad term, and the way one achieves understanding is dependent on the way that material is presented. In this article, we argue that the philosophy of science can be important to nursing education—in particular, by showing that the way we imbue understanding might depend on the meaning of ‘understanding’. Diagrams and concept maps are meant to guide newly formed knowledge and connections to develop proper thinking (e.g., the order in which nursing students must prioritize data) that a student requires in the field. We argue that whether or not an image/diagram/concept map confers understanding will depend on both what the object is and what we mean by ‘understanding’.
Association of soap use when bathing 18‐month‐old infants with the prevalence of allergic diseases at age 3 years: The Japan Environment and Children's Study
Authors: Kato Taisuke , Adachi Yuichi , Tsuchida Akiko , Matsumura Kenta , Murakami Shokei , Shimizu Muneyuki , Wada Takuya , Okabe Hisao , Hashimoto Koichi , Hosoya Mitsuaki , Inadera Hidekuni ,   The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) Group
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAtopic march is defined as the progression from atopic dermatitis (AD) during early life to other allergic diseases in later childhood. In a nationwide birth cohort study, the Japan Environment and Children's Study, we investigated the association of bathing habits, which are known to affect skin conditions, for infants with their later development of allergic diseases.MethodsPregnant women who lived in 15 designated regional centers throughout Japan were recruited. We obtained information on bathing habits for their 18‐month‐old infants and the prevalence of allergic diseases when they were aged 3 years.ResultsData for 74,349 children were analyzed. Most 18‐month‐old infants were bathed or showered almost every day. When they were divided into four groups according to the frequency of soap use during bathing (every time, most of the time, sometimes, and seldom), the risk of AD later at age 3 was shown to increase in association with a decreasing frequency of soap use [most of the time: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.34; sometimes: aOR 1.72, 95% CI 1.46–2.03; seldom: aOR 1.99, 95% CI 1.58–2.50], compared with soap use every time during bathing at 18 months of age. Similar results were obtained for food allergy but not for bronchial asthma.ConclusionsFrequent soap use when bathing 18‐month‐old infants was associated with a decreased risk of them developing allergic diseases at age 3. Further well‐designed clinical studies are warranted to determine an effective bathing regimen for preventing the development of allergic diseases.
Patients' experiences of patient‐centred care in hospital setting: A systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Havana Tiina , Kuha Suvi , Laukka Elina , Kanste Outi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐centred care (PCC) has been proposed as an appropriate approach for addressing current shifts in healthcare needs. Although the importance of PCC is generally recognised, PCC is poorly understood by patients in the hospital settings.ObjectivesTo identify patients' experiences of PCC in hospital settings.Methodological designThis systematic review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) guidance for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence and the PRISMA checklist for reporting systematic reviews. The search strategy included peer‐reviewed qualitative studies published after 2010 in English or Finnish. The databases searched were SCOPUS, MEDLINE, CINAHL and Medic. Unpublished studies and grey literature were searched in MedNar. Ten qualitative studies were included, and their quality was assessed by two independent reviewers using JBI quality assessment criteria. The data were analysed using thematic analysis.Setting and participantsStudies were included if they had explored adult patient experiences of PCC in hospital settings.ResultsA thematic analysis produced 14 subthemes which were grouped into five analytical themes: the presence of the professional, patient involvement in care, receiving information, the patient–professional relationship and being seen as a person.Conclusions and implicationsThis review suggests that the implementation and provision of PCC in hospitals is incomplete and patients' involvement in their own care should be in the focus of PCC. The majority of patients experienced receiving PCC, but others did not. The need for improvement of patient involvement was strongly emphasised. Patients highlighted the importance of professionals being present and spending time with patients. Patients felt well‐informed about their care but expressed the need for better communication. Meaningful patient–professional relationships were brokered by professionals demonstrating genuine care and respecting the patient as an individual. To improve the implementation of PCC, patient experiences should be considered in the development of relevant hospital care strategies. In addition, more training in PCC and patient–professional communication should be provided to health care professionals.
IL‐6 upregulates the expression of IL‐6R through the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway to promote progression of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Song Li , Xu Ruyue , Cai Wenpeng , Liang Jiaojiao , Cao Niandie , Gao Jiafeng , Tang Xiaolong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) involves multifactor, multistep interactions. High expression of interleukin‐6 receptor (IL‐6R) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumours, but the regulatory mechanism of IL‐6R expression and its function in HCC have not been fully defined. Western blot was used to evaluate the phosphorylation of key kinases in the JAK2/STAT3 pathway and the protein expression levels of related proliferation molecules, migration molecules and apoptotic molecules. The antiapoptosis, migration and proliferation of cells of each group were analysed with JC‐1 to judge the cell apoptosis rate, the EdU method to determine the proliferation vitality of the cells, clone formation experiments and Transwell experiments. High expression of IL‐6R in cell lines, lower protein levels of the apoptotic molecules c‐Caspase7 and c‐Caspase3 and higher protein levels of the proliferative molecules p‐P70S6K and migration molecules MMP9 and MMP2 were consistent with stronger antiapoptosis, proliferation and migration. Interestingly, IL‐6 upregulated the expression of IL‐6R by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. Also, the expression of IL‐6R protein was downregulated after lentivirus knockdown of STAT3. In nude mice bearing subcutaneous tumours, upregulation of IL‐6R expression after activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway by IL‐6 significantly increased tumour growth. Moreover, the expression of IL‐6R protein was downregulated, and the terminal tumour volume was significantly downregulated in the lentiviral STAT3 knockdown group. IL‐6 regulated the transcription of IL‐6R through the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway.
The Kant and Race Debate: A Frederick Douglass Intervention
Authors: Cherry Myisha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSamuel Fleischacker is interested in two questions that are—what he refers to as—a rephrasing of three implications Charles Mills takes away from his encounter with Kant: (1) Is Kant's moral philosophy racist at its core? and (2) Whether it is or not, how should we respond to the fact that Kant displays open racism in some of his writings when we study, teach, or try to make use of his purportedly egalitarian teachings? Frederick Douglass was an abolitionist who wrestled with similar questions regarding the liberatory and inclusive nature of emancipatory documents like the Constitution. In this essay, I want to consider Douglass's changing views on this issue and reasons behind them to think about how he might offer insights into this current debate concerning Kant and race. In doing so, I will consider to what extent Fleischacker adheres to Douglass's guidelines on this matter as he makes his case. I then offer suggestions on how to move forward.
Advances in dermatological application of GelMA hydrogel microneedles
Authors: Li Hongyang , Li Jiayi , Xu Jingjing , Li Lingjun , Wang Yurong , Liu Chunhui , Zhou Jia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundCompared with systemic administration methods like injection and oral administration, traditional transdermal drug delivery has the advantages of rapid onset of activity and low side effects. However, hydrophilic drugs and bioactive substances are often unsuitable for traditional transdermal drug delivery.MethodsThe application of microneedles made from gelatin methylacryloyl (GelMA) has greatly expanded thepossibilities for skin transdermal drug delivery. We have reviewed the latest literatures about the dermatological application of GelMA hydrogel microneedles in recent years using Google Scholar, PubMed and Springer.ResultsGelMA hydrogel microneedles exhibit huge potency in the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases, and this technology also brings broad application prospects for subcutaneous micro‐invasive transdermal targeted drug delivery, which mainly used in skin tissue fluid collection, local substance delivery and wound healing.ConclusionWith in‐depth research on GelMA hydrogel, this technology will bring more breakthroughs and developments in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases.
Thinking Like an Earthling: Children's Reasoning About Individual and Collective Action Related to Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Grotzer Tina A. , Solis S. Lynneth 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLearning to accept and understand our identity as inhabitants of planet Earth is an essential aspect of living sustainably in a global community with others. What is involved in learning, that despite what divides us, we are first and foremost Earthlings and that the well‐being of our planetary home is in our collective hands? What are the cognitive features of concepts that are inherent to thinking like an Earthling? This article considers themes that arise from research that inform what is involved in developing a collective, planetary perspective as it relates to engaging in environmental sustainability. It samples research on how young people understand and reason about agency—their own and that of others—and about the relationship between individual and collective action. It considers the importance of recognizing and engaging with diverse perspectives on agency and collectivity as well as being able to adopt the perspectives of those in different roles and positions. While many of the concepts that are inherent to thinking as part of a collective community of Earthlings are challenging, many are also learnable and represent important instructional targets for helping the next generation to understand how to live together in sustainable ways on a small and finite planet.
Study on Airplane Weight Complex
Authors: Gassner A. A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
By deciding on the type of engine and the overall dimensions of an airplane, the weight becomes quite well fixed. To obtain good take-off and climb characteristics the gross weight per horsepower should be kept low. Such items as engines, starters, propellers, generators, wheels, tires, and instruments have a weight which cannot be altered by the airplane designer, so his problem is quite difficult. In this paper the author groups the various equipment and parts of an airplane into three classes: (1) Those with weights outside the designer’s direct influence, (2) those with weights over which the designer has limited influence, and (3) those with weights which can be controlled by the designer. Design data are also given for three Fokker airplanes. These are the Super-Universal, the F-10-A, and the F-32.
Water-Recovery Apparatus for Airships
Authors: Burgess C. P. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In order to operate efficiently, an airship must maintain an approximate equilibrium of its weight and buoyancy. Since the former is progressively reduced when liquid fuel is burned, some other means than valving the costly lifting gas, helium, must be employed to compensate for the weight of the fuel consumed. The author states five alternative means, and then briefly outlines the work done in developing one of them—recovering water for ballast from the engine exhaust, following which he sets forth the theory of such water recovery, accompanied by illustrative examples. The desirable features of a water-ballast collector are then dealt with, and the paper concludes with brief notes on the principles of design and construction of the apparatus and on recent developments in ballast collectors.
Development of Pulverized-Coal Firing and Study of Combustion
Authors: Kreisinger Henry 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper reviews briefly the development of burning pulverized coal under steam boilers. It points out the difficulties experienced in the early installations and how some of these difficulties were overcome by changes in the design of furnaces and burners and also by the adoption of more advantageous methods of firing. The paper discusses the present practice in rates of combustion in furnaces of various designs and the factors that set the limitations. A large part of the paper is devoted to a detailed study of combustion of pulverized coal.
Load-Deflection Relations for Large Plain, Corrugated, and Creased Pipe Bends
Authors: Cope E. T. , Wert E. A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the results of tests made on 10-in. and 14-in. seamless steel pipe loaded in the same manner as the simple cases shown on pages 526 to 529, “Piping Handbook,” by Walker and Crocker. Comparison has been made between calculated deflections and the results of tests in the six cases for a plain pipe bend. The relation between the results of tests on corrugated and creased pipe bends and the calculated results for plain pipe bends of the same dimensions are shown. Such calculations are included as are necessary to show the method of analysis by which the load-deflection relations of a plain quarter-bend and its tangents are determined.
Influence of Inlet Boxes on the Performance of Induced-Draft Fans
Authors: Marks Lionel S. , Winzenburger E. A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper presents experimental results of tests to ascertain the effect of inlet boxes on the performance of induced-draft fans. The tests showed the magnitude of the changes in performance that can be expected and emphasizes the need for testing fans with their inlet boxes attached. The conclusion drawn from the tests is that it is not sufficient for the fan user to know the characteristics of a selected fan with free inlet, but he also should know the characteristics when the inlet box is attached.
Investigation of the Flow Conditions in a Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Fischer K. , Thoma D. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper gives an account of an investigation recently carried out in the laboratory of the Technical University of Munich, into the flow conditions in the impeller of a centrifugal pump, the results of which may be summarized briefly as follows: (1) Practically all flow conditions for an actual fluid are fundamentally different from those theoretically derived for an ideal frictionless fluid. (2) The dead-water zones which form on the low-pressure sides of the blades undoubtedly cause a reduction in the angle at which the fluid leaves the blades from the actual blade angle. (3) The actual velocity distribution along circles concentric with the axis of rotation of the impeller is not the same as the supposed distribution computed on the basis that the fluid passages are completely filled with active flow. (4) The relative velocity along the high-pressure side of the blade should theoretically approach zero for relatively small reductions in the discharge below normal and with the fluid passages completely filled with active flow. Actually this velocity is greater than the theoretical value, and reverse flow along the pressure side of the blade does not take place even at small discharges. (5) In addition to (4), it was definitely proved that the flow at very small discharges is no longer stable. (6) The entrance flow may be assumed to be radial for all practical operating conditions. (7) The increase in the meridional velocity over the ordinary computed value alters the shape of the exit triangle considerably, which is of special importance in designing the guide-vane entrance angle.