bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Returns handling in e-commerce: How to avoid demand negativity in supply chain contracts with returns?
Authors: Bieniek Milena 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
E-commerce constitutes a system for the online purchase and sale of services and commodities. This theoretical article investigates the manufacturer handling strategy which occurs in online shopping, in a centralized or decentralized channel under the wholesale price contract. The retailer’s optimal order quantity, price, and the manufacturer’s wholesale price are derived assuming additive uncertainty in demand. The possibility of negative demand realizations, which may occur in adverse market circumstances, is verified in the investigated models. It was proved that the imposition of the non-negativity prerequisite on demand is vital to obtain complete results. The non-negativity constraint in this study incorporates consumer’s returns handling costs which is different than the previously used constraint. As an extension of the additive case, the model with iso-elastic demand is discussed. The theoretical analysis is enriched with numerical examples.
The diagnostic utility of nanopore targeted sequencing in suspected endophthalmitis
Authors: Li Xuejie , Li Ziyue , Wang Ming , Fu Aisi , Hao Xinlei , Guo Xinyang , Gu Jiashuang , Jin Wei , Yang Anhuai 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This paper aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of a newly developed gene-based technology-nanopore targeted sequencing (NTS) in suspected endophthalmitis patients.

Methods
This retrospective study included 43 patients (44 eyes) with suspected endophthalmitis. NTS was applied along with microbiological culture to detect unknown pathogens in intraocular fluid samples. The diagnostic utility of NTS was mainly evaluated from three aspects, including the positivity rate of bacterial/fungal presence, diagnostic turnaround time and the frequency of change in treatment based on etiology test results. Non-parametric, two-sided Wilcoxon rank sum test, the McNemar’s test and the kappa statistic were used for statistical comparisons.

Results
NTS showed significant advantages over traditional culture in positivity rates and diagnostic time (P < 0.001, kappa = 0.082; Z = −5.805, P < 0. 001). As regards antibiotic strategy, 17 patients (39.53%) and 5 patients (11.63%) underwent medication change following NTS and culture results respectively (P < 0.001, kappa = 0.335). With reasonable use of antibiotic and surgical intervention, most patients responded favorably, judged by significantly improved visual acuity (Z = −4.249, P < 0.001). The mean duration of hospitalization was 8.49 ± 2.45 days (range, 1–16 days).

Conclusion
The high efficiency feature of NTS in pathogen detection renders it a valuable supplementary to traditional culture. Additionally, it has facilitated patients’ management for the early and precise diagnosis of endophthalmitis.
Solid state dewetting of a metal –semiconductor bi-layers deposited onto c-Si substrate
Authors: Halindintwali S. , Masenya M. , Madhuku M. , Mtshali C. , Cummings F. , Oliphant C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA bi-layers stack consisting of a semiconductor thin film of a varied thickness and a very thin Pd layer (SiC/Pd/c-Si).was deposited onto c-Si by e-beam evaporation at room temperature. The multi-layers structure was subjected to a thermal annealing process at near eutectic temperature of the Si – Pd phase. It is noticed, through top view SEM and cross-section STEM analyses, that the sandwiched Pd metal layer dewets from the interface with the c-Si substrate in well dispersed nanoparticles and it diffuses inward onto the top few monolayers of the substrate; at times it permeates shallowly through the SiC semiconductor top layer. The size distribution of the nanoparticles was found to be closely linked to the thickness of the top semiconductor layer. On the other hand, the top SiC layer was found to form islands protruding above the surface, when the film was very thin. When thicker, the semiconductor SiC layer retained its integrity and remained unaffected. An optical model of the resulting metal-dielectric mixed layer is proposed.
Movement matters: short-term impacts of physical activity on mood and well-being
Authors: Pham Loree T. , Hernandez Raymond , Spruijt-Metz Donna , Gonzalez Jeffrey S. , Pyatak Elizabeth Ann 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFew studies have investigated the short-term, momentary relationships between physical activity (PA) and well-being. This study focuses on investigating the dynamic relationships between PA and affective well-being among adults with type 1 diabetes.
Participants (n = 122) wore an accelerometer and completed daily EMA surveys of current activities and affective states (e.g., happy, stressed, excited, anxious) via smartphone over 14 days. Within-person, increased sedentary time was associated with less positive affect (r =  − 0.11, p < 0.001), while more PA of any intensity was associated with greater positive affect and reduced fatigue, three hours later. Between-person, increased light PA was associated with increased stress (r = 0.21, p = 0.02) and diabetes distress (r = 0.30, p = 0.001). This study provides evidence that positive affect and fatigue are predicted by previous activity regardless of the different activities that people engaged in. Positive affect increased after engaging in PA. However, participants with higher amounts of light PA reported higher stress ratings.
Uniform Bounds with Difference Quotients for Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Reduced Order Models of the Burgers Equation
Authors: Koc Birgul , Chacón Rebollo Tomás , Rubino Samuele 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we prove uniform error bounds for proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) reduced order modeling (ROM) of Burgers equation, considering difference quotients (DQs), introduced in Kunisch and Volkwein (Numer Math 90(1):117–148, 2001). In particular, we study the behavior of the DQ ROM error bounds by considering$$L^2(\Omega )$$L2(Ω)and$$H^1_0(\Omega )$$H01(Ω)POD spaces and$$l^{\infty }(L^2)$$l∞(L2)and natural-norm errors. We present some meaningful numerical tests checking the behavior of error bounds. Based on our numerical results, DQ ROM errors are several orders of magnitude smaller than noDQ ones (in which the POD is constructed in a standard way, i.e., without the DQ approach) in terms of the energy kept by the ROM basis. Further, noDQ ROM errors have an optimal behavior, while DQ ROM errors, where the DQ is added to the POD process, demonstrate an optimality/super-optimality behavior. It is conjectured that this possibly occurs because the DQ inner products allow the time dependency in the ROM spaces to make an impact.
Preventing a Scarring Start into the Labor Market: Integration Strategies for Young Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Reims Nancy , Rauch Angela , Thomsen Ulrich 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Sociodemographic and structural conditions have consequences for the labor market participation of young persons with disabilities (YPWD) in vocational rehabilitation (VR). As the type of program determines the labor market chances, we analyze the processes of selecting active labor market programs (ALMP) in VR. Which factors determine the allocation to (1) programs in general and (2) moreover, the allocation to specific programs?

Materials and methods
We conduct logistic (1) and multinomial regression (2) using register data of the German Federal Employment Agency. Besides variables on the micro level, we control for a wide range of structural and organizational influences. The sample comprises VR and employment biographies of 255,009 YPWD accepted to VR between 2010 and 2015. Program participation is restricted to start 180 days after VR acceptance.

Results
Sociodemographic factors, like age and the status before entering VR as well as the local apprenticeship market as a structural condition, highly influence the general allocation to ALMP. For the allocation to specific ALMP, sociodemographics (age, education, type of disability, status before entering VR) are highly relevant. Furthermore, structural conditions (regional structure of subsidized vocational training and of the apprenticeship market as well as local work possibilities on a special labor market for PWD) and – to a lesser extent - re-organization processes at the FEA (NEO, VR cohort) are important determinants.

Conclusion
(Automatic) paths into VR programs for especially persons with mental disabilities in sheltered workshop are clearly shown. Furthermore, it is somewhat questionable that YPWD participate more often in sheltered workshops in regions where sheltered work possibilities are more common, as well as where NEO was implemented locally; and participate more often in company-external vocational training where VR service providers are commissioned to a greater extent.
Genome-wide survey identified superior and rare haplotypes for plant height in the north-eastern soybean germplasm of China
Authors: Yu Hui , Bhat Javaid Akhter , Li Candong , Zhao Beifang , Guo Tai , Feng Xianzhong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe proper and efficient utilization of natural genetic diversity can significantly impact crop improvements. Plant height is a quantitative trait governing the plant type as well as the yield and quality of soybean. Here, we used a combined approach including a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and haplotype and candidate gene analyses to explore the genetic basis of plant height in diverse natural soybean populations. For the GWAS analysis, we used the whole-genome resequencing data of 196 diverse soybean cultivars collected from different accumulated temperature zones of north-eastern China to detect the significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with plant height across three environments (E1, E2, and E3). A total of 33 SNPs distributed on four chromosomes, viz., Chr.02, Chr.04, Chr.06, and Chr.19, were identified to be significantly associated with plant height across the three environments. Among them, 23 were consistently detected in two or more environments and the remaining 10 were identified in only one environment. Interestingly, all the significant SNPs detected on the respective chromosomes fell within the physical interval of linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay (± 38.9 kb). Hence, these genomic regions were considered to be four quantitative trait loci (QTLs), viz., qPH2, qPH4, qPH6, and qPH19, regulating plant height. Moreover, the genomic region flanking all significant SNPs on four chromosomes exhibited strong LD. These significant SNPs thus formed four haplotype blocks, viz., Hap-2, Hap-4, Hap-6, and Hap-19. The number of haplotype alleles underlying each block varied from four to six, and these alleles regulate the different phenotypes of plant height ranging from dwarf to extra-tall heights. Nine candidate genes were identified within the four haplotype blocks, and these genes were considered putative candidates regulating soybean plant height. Hence, these stable QTLs, superior haplotypes, and candidate genes (after proper validation) can be deployed for the development of soybean cultivars with desirable plant heights.
Kalman filters based on multibody models: linking simulation and real world. A comprehensive review
Authors: Naya Miguel Ángel , Sanjurjo Emilio , Rodríguez Antonio J. , Cuadrado Javier 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Kalman filter algorithm estimates variables of linear systems combining information from real sensors and a mathematical model of the system. It may be applied to observe nonlinear systems by means of a linearization of the system model. Multibody system dynamics constitutes a methodology for the analysis and design of mechanical systems. During the last twenty years, many ways of employing a multibody model as the Kalman filter model have been explored.This paper gathers up diverse algorithms, from the first ones based on the continuous expressions of the filter, to the indirect methods that enable real-time implementations of the observation of mechanical systems with a large number of variables. A detailed explanation of the methods and a description of the strengths and weaknesses of each one is presented along this paper, including a benchmark evaluating the performance of the methods.An important aspect of the Kalman filter is the characterization of the system uncertainty by means of white Gaussian noise. Sometimes, the statistical properties of the noise are unknown. Several methods to determine these properties are described, and a new methodology to model systems perturbed by colored noise (time-correlated noise) is presented.In Kalman filters based on multibody models, the information from a real mechanical system can be employed to keep the model behaving like the actual system with a great level of accuracy, linking the simulation to the real behavior of the system.
Serotonin and Dopamine Show Different Response Profiles to Acute Stress in the Nucleus Accumbens and Medial Prefrontal Cortex of Rats with Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Kang James W. M. , Keay Kevin A. , Kendig Michael D. , Corbit Laura H. , Mor David 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe ability to adaptively guide behaviour requires the integration of external information with internal motivational factors. Decision-making capabilities can be impaired by acute stress and is often exacerbated by chronic pain. Chronic neuropathic pain patients often present with cognitive dysfunction, including impaired decision-making. The mechanisms underlying these changes are not well understood but may include altered monoaminergic transmission in the brain. In this study we investigated the relationships between dopamine, serotonin, and their metabolites in key brain regions that regulate motivated behaviour and decision-making. The neurochemical profiles of the medial prefrontal cortex, orbital prefrontal cortex, and nucleus accumbens were analysed using HPLC in rats that received a chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the right sciatic nerve and an acute stress (15-min restraint), prior to an outcome devaluation task. CCI alone significantly decreased dopamine but not serotonin concentrations in the medial prefrontal cortex. By contrast, restraint stress acutely increased dopamine in the medial prefrontal cortex, and the nucleus accumbens; and increased serotonin in the medial prefrontal cortex 2 h later. The sustained dopaminergic and serotonergic responses to acute stress highlight the importance of an animal’s ability to mount an effective coping response. In addition, these data suggest that the impact of nerve injury and acute stress on outcome-devaluation occurs independently of dopaminergic and serotonergic transmission in the medial prefrontal cortex, orbital prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens of rats.
How I Would have been Differently Treated. Discrimination Through the Lens of Counterfactual Fairness
Authors: Loi Michele , Nappo Francesco , Viganò Eleonora 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe widespread use of algorithms for prediction-based decisions urges us to consider the question of what it means for a given act or practice to be discriminatory. Building upon work by Kusner and colleagues in the field of machine learning, we propose a counterfactual condition as a necessary requirement on discrimination. To demonstrate the philosophical relevance of the proposed condition, we consider two prominent accounts of discrimination in the recent literature, by Lippert-Rasmussen and Hellman respectively, that do not logically imply our condition and show that they face important objections. Specifically, Lippert-Rasmussen’s definition proves to be over-inclusive, as it classifies some acts or practices as discriminatory when they are not, whereas Hellman’s account turns out to lack explanatory power precisely insofar as it does not countenance a counterfactual condition on discrimination. By defending the necessity of our counterfactual condition, we set the conceptual limits for justified claims about the occurrence of discriminatory acts or practices in society, with immediate applications to the ethics of algorithmic decision-making.
Recalibration of the Sunspot-Number: Status Report
Authors: Clette F. , Lefèvre L. , Chatzistergos T. , Hayakawa H. , Carrasco V. M. S. , Arlt R. , Cliver E. W. , Dudok de Wit T. , Friedli T. K. , Karachik N. , Kopp G. , Lockwood M. , Mathieu S. , Muñoz-Jaramillo A. , Owens M. , Pesnell D. , Pevtsov A. , Svalgaard L. , Usoskin I. G. , van Driel-Gesztelyi L. , Vaquero J. M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe report progress on the ongoing recalibration of the Wolf sunspot number ($S_{\mathrm{N}}$SN) and group-sunspot number ($G_{\mathrm{N}}$GN) following the release of version 2.0 of$S_{\mathrm{N}}$SNin 2015. This report constitutes both an update of the efforts reported in the 2016 Topical Issue of Solar Physics and a summary of work by the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) International Team formed in 2017 to develop optimal$S_{\mathrm{N}}$SNand$G_{\mathrm{N}}$GNreconstruction methods while continuing to expand the historical sunspot-number database. Significant progress has been made on the database side while more work is needed to bring the various proposed$S_{\mathrm{N}}$SNand (primarily)$G_{\mathrm{N}}$GNreconstruction methods closer to maturity, after which the new reconstructions (or combinations thereof) can be compared with (a) “benchmark” expectations for any normalization scheme (e.g., a general increase in observer normalization factors going back in time), and (b) independent proxy data series such as F10.7 and the daily range of variations of Earth’s undisturbed magnetic field. New versions of the underlying databases for$S_{\mathrm{N}}$SNand$G_{\mathrm{N}}$GNwill shortly become available for years through 2022 and we anticipate the release of the next versions of these two time series in 2024.
Long-Term Modulation of Solar Cycles
Authors: Biswas Akash , Karak Bidya Binay , Usoskin Ilya , Weisshaar Eckhard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSolar activity has a cyclic nature with the ≈11-year Schwabe cycle dominating its variability on the interannual timescale. However, solar cycles are significantly modulated in length, shape and magnitude, from near-spotless grand minima to very active grand maxima. The ≈400-year-long direct sunspot-number series is inhomogeneous in quality and too short to study robust parameters of long-term solar variability. The cosmogenic-isotope proxy extends the timescale to twelve millennia and provides crucial observational constraints of the long-term solar dynamo modulation. Here, we present a brief up-to-date overview of the long-term variability of solar activity at centennial – millennial timescales. The occurrence of grand minima and maxima is discussed as well as the existing quasi-periodicities such as centennial Gleissberg, 210-year Suess/de Vries and 2400-year Hallstatt cycles. It is shown that the solar cycles contain an important random component and have no clock-like phase locking implying a lack of long-term memory. A brief yet comprehensive review of the theoretical perspectives to explain the observed features in the framework of the dynamo models is presented, including the nonlinearity and stochastic fluctuations in the dynamo. We keep gaining knowledge of the processes driving solar variability with the new data acquainted and new models developed.
Short Pulse Reductive Activation of Pt/ceria for the Low-Temperature CO Abatement in Vehicles Operated with the Synthetic Diesel Fuel OME
Authors: Eisenbeil D. , Demel P. , Haas M. , Hamel H. , Betz B. , Dreizler A. , Beidl C. , Votsmeier M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe synthetic Diesel fuel oxymethylene ether (OME) is sulfur-free by nature, and due to the low soot formation, no active filter regeneration events are required, limiting the maximum temperatures seen by the exhaust catalysts to ~ 450 °C. These OME-specific ageing requirements will enable the application of new types of catalysts that cannot be used in conventional Diesel vehicles. Such new catalytic solutions will allow ultra-low emissions at a much-reduced cost and will hence contribute to the overall efficiency of the OME approach. In this contribution, we focus on CO abatement from OME exhaust. To enable an efficient evaluation of new catalysts under practically relevant conditions, a test bench was set up that can reproduce the transient temperature-, mass flow- and concentration profiles measured during real driving tests. In a first step, the transient test bench was used to compare CO oxidation over a commercial Diesel oxidation catalyst for OME- and conventional Diesel conditions. The same low-load cold-start drive cycle run with OME showed slightly lower raw emissions, but the CO emissions downstream of the catalyst increased by a factor of ~ 2. The main reason for the lower CO conversion is the lower temperature of the OME exhaust. In a second step, we investigated short-pulse reductive activation of Pt/ceria as a promising new technology that benefits from the OME-specific low ageing requirements. A Pt/ceria catalyst activated by a short 5–10 s reductive pulse achieved virtually 100% conversion even at exhaust temperatures below 80 °C. With one 5 s reductive activation pulse per 30-minute drive cycle, a CO conversion of > 99.9% is demonstrated over the low-load cold-start OME drive cycle, compared to 59% obtained with a standard commercial Diesel oxidation catalyst. To our knowledge, this is the first published demonstration of short pulse reductive activation of Pt/ceria for CO oxidation using realistic transient drive cycles.
European Norms Trap? EU Connectivity Policies and the Case of the Global Gateway
Authors: Karjalainen Tyyne 
Published: March 2023

AbstractData cables, ports, and mobility are a rising theme in geopolitical competition, and the European Union (EU) also aims to develop a cutting-edge product for the fund-deficit connectivity market. Incapable of competing with China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in the quantity of investments, the EU’s 1-year-old connectivity initiative Global Gateway aims to challenge it with quality, providing more democratic, secure, equal, green, transparent, and sustainable alternatives to lower-income partners. While the BRI has been accused of creating debt traps in the same context, this article analyzes whether there is a risk of the EU’s norm-diffusing policy also having an undermining effect on partners’ agency. Based on a systematic analysis of EU policy documents and strategic communications, the article identifies three categories for the EU’s norms promotion: firstly, the support for regionalism, secondly, the prescribing of standards of connections, and thirdly, the defining of values to be applied in connectivity projects. The article argues that the EU communications reserve a limited role for the partners to participate in or to have control over the processes where values, norms, and standards of connectivity are created. The approach, unlikely to serve the EU’s declared goal of equal partnerships, is rather found to respond to the competitive international context.