bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Microstructure, Density and Shrinkage Porosity for Casting and Rheocasting of AlSi7Mg alloy
Authors: Abdulrahman Kawan , Gonda Viktor , Réger Mihály , Varga Péter 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
With the increasing application of aluminum foundry alloys for automotive and aerospace components, the aluminum industry must pay close attention to component quality and dependability. This article focuses on the interpretation of the relative density and porosity of Al foundry casting and rheocasting alloys AlSi7Mg. The most popular Al-Si alloy grain refinement utilized in the casting and rheocasting processes is AlSi7Mg. The limitations are using comparable density findings to determine the quality of a component of casting or rheocasting state. Two approaches are employed to attain this goal, first the theoretical analysis using the JMatPro software, which offers density distribution results depending on the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy. Second,the experimental Archimedes method, which provides density data on actual aluminum castings alloy. This study advances substantial research on microstructure, grain sizes, form shape factors, theoretical and practical density, shrinkage porosity, casting and rheocasting application samples alloy, and potential industrial applications of AlSi7Mg. The results show that the average grain size is significantly more uniform in the rheocasting comparing to casting average grain size results. In addition, the results from the metallographic image analysis of casting and rheocasting application shows five different zones from the bottom to the top of the sample. Finally, the study observed that the shrinkage porosity in the casting application sample is higher than those of rheocasting application sample.
A Dynamic C-V2X anonymous authentication and group keyagreement protocol
Authors: Cui Beibei , He Wei , Cui Yan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
At present, the communication of the Internet of vehicles relies on the LTE or 5G wireless communicationchannel of the cellular network. To address the most common security threats in the communication of Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network in the 5G Era, this paper proposes a dynamic group authentication and key agreement protocol based onC-V2X (vehicle to everything based on the cellular network), which is called V2X-GKA for short here. The scheme isbased on the difficulty of ECDLP (Elliptic curve discrete logarithmic problem), which makes it impossible for an attackerto forge a certificate to pass security authentication; based on the difficulty of DBDH (Decisional Bilinear Diffie-HellmanProblem), secure key agreement in the group is realized, so that the attacker cannot obtain the shared key. It guarantees thesecurity of the key and solves the problem of key escrow. This scheme combines authentication and group key agreement torealize the dynamic group member management. The session key can be updated safely and dynamically without executingall the protocols when a group member is revoked or a new member is added. It not only assures the group’s forwardand backward security, but also reduces the algorithm’s complexity, making it suitable for a real-time high-speed mobileapplication environment. Through security analysis, it is proved that the V2X-GKA scheme in this paper meets the existingsecurity objectives, and because the protocol is configured on the open channel, it has a certain completeness and superioritycompared with similar schemes.
Synthesize Multiple V/H Directional Beams for High Altitude Platform Station Based on Deep-Learning Algorithm
Authors: Mahmoud Korany R. , Montaser Ahmed M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
High-altitude platform stations (HAPS) have captured a great deal of attention as a leading candidate for the coverage extension. As usual, the HAPS station coverage is limited to the circle, whose radius is tens of kilometers. However, in this paper, a concentric circular array (CCA) with 60 antenna elements resonating at 2.1 GHz is proposed for synthesizing multiple vertical/horizontal (V/H) directional beams, affording the path of the road to be covered. A modified version of the gravitational search algorithm and particle swarm optimization (MGSA-PSO) algorithm was used to optimize the suggested antenna's dimensions. The application of a deep neural network (DNN) with a back-propagation algorithm and weighted MGSA-PSO algorithm was used for multi-V/H beamforming patterns directed to cover different road paths by estimating the appropriate feeding phases of the CCA elements. The Earth Explorer (EE) user interface tool is used to create real roads that exist in reality on the MWS-CST program. To verify the validity of the technique, several descriptive scenarios are placed to beam-form the pattern toward the desired covered area, including the rugged desert areas with mountain chains in addition to other roads in forests where trees abound.
Encapsulation of a novel peptide derived from histatin-1 in liposomes against initial enamel caries in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhang Yinmo , Chen Yue , Liu Zhenqi , Peng Xiu , Lu Junzhuo , Wang Kun , Zhang Linglin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objectives: Biomimetic mineralization mediated by proteins and peptides is a promising strategy for enamel repair, and its specific application model needs more research. In this work, we exploited a liposomal delivery system for a novel peptide (DK5) derived from histatin-1 (DK5-Lips) as a new biomimetic mineralization strategy against initial enamel caries.
Materials and methods: The DK5-Lips was prepared using calcium acetate gradient method and then the in vitro release, salivary stability and cytotoxicity were studied. Initial enamel caries was created in bovine enamel blocks and subjected to pH-cycling model treated with DK5-Lips. Surface microhardness testing, polarized light microscopy (PLM), and transverse microradiography (TMR) were analyzed. Then the biocompatibility of DK5-Lips was evaluated in the caries model of Sprague-Dawley rats, and the anti-caries effect was assessed using Micro-CT analysis, Keyes scores and PLM in vivo.
Results: DK5-Lips provided a mean particle size of (97.63±4.94)nm and encapsulation efficiency of (61.46±1.44)%, exhibiting a sustained release profile, excellent stability in saliva, and no significant toxicity on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). DK5-Lips group had higher surface microhardness recovery, shallower caries depth and less mineral loss in bovine enamel. Animal experiments showed higher volume and density values of residual molar enamel, lower Keyes score, and shallower lesions depth of DK5-Lips group with good biocompatibility.
Conclusion: As a safe and effective application model, DK5-Lips could significantly promote the remineralization of initial enamel caries both in vitro and in vivo.
Clinical relevance: The potential of liposomes utilization as vehicle for oral delivery of functional peptides may provide a new way for enamel restoration.
Post-bone metastasis survival and performance status in lung cancer patients with bone metastasis
Authors: Tamiya Hironari , Nishino Kazumi , Kato Yuji , Nakahashi Reina , Kosuga Yurika , Kinoshita Shota , Nakai Sho , Watanabe Makiyo , Wakamatsu Toru , Kakunaga Shigeki , Takenaka Satoshi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most frequent primary origins to develop bone metastases that deteriorate physical function and quality of life. Antitumor agents, including molecular-targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have been developed in the past few decades, causing longer overall survival (OS). However, the effects of these drugs on the physical function of patients with lung cancer with bone metastases remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the factors involved in post-bone metastasis survival and performance status (PS) in such patients. The result revealed that the best PS after bone metastasis was an independent significant factor for post-bone metastasis survival. Moreover, the best overall response (BOR) of the first line after bone metastasis (post-bone mets first BOR) was significantly related to PS improvement in patients with PS 2 or poorer. Additionally, molecular target drug for driver molecular alterations was significantly involved in partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD) of post-bone mets first BOR. Conclusively, an effect of drug-induced antitumor response was significantly associated with PS as well as post-bone metastasis survival. Managing bone metastases by antitumor pharmacotherapy, particularly molecular-targeted drugs, is crucial for better physical function and survival in patients with lung cancer with bone metastases.
Novel fatty acid metabolism biomarkers reveal prognosis and immune microenvironment in cervical cancer
Authors: Ran Zhihong , Chen Lulu , Zhang Lei , Song Qibin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Accelerated research has increasingly shown that aberrant fatty acid metabolism played an important role in cancer progression and immune microenvironment remodeling. Nevertheless, the role of fatty acid metabolism in cervical cancer is unclear. Here, we downloaded the gene set of fatty acid metabolism from the MSigDB database and classified cervical cancer into three separate genomic stage types - C1, C2 and C3. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed considerable differences in survival rates between the three stages (P < 0.05). Furthermore, MCPcounter analysis demonstrated that CD8 + T-cell infiltration was more frequent in C3, and this stage had the best prognosis. Notably, the C3 stage, with the best prognosis, had a higher frequency of CD8 + T-cell infiltration, whereas the C1 stage, with the worst prognosis, had a higher frequency of fibroblast infiltration (P < 0.05). We conducted weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) on the three molecular types to identify the module with the highest correlation (the blue module), select co-expressed genes with an association greater than 0.3, and determine the intersection of the differential genes of the three molecular types. A new prognostic model of fatty acid metabolism genomics was developed. Survival analysis demonstrated that individuals in the low-risk group had higher immune and stromal scores and better overall survival rates. Six genes within this model displayed a negative correlation with immune checkpoints overall. In the immune efficacy analysis, individuals in the low-risk group exhibited higher immune efficacy than those in the high-risk group in the IPS score, The level of immune dysfunction was higher in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group in the TIDE algorithm. Conversely, the immune escape capacity was higher in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group, and the level of immunotherapy was higher overall in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group (P < 0.05). Mechanistically, the high-risk group exhibited significant enrichment in several pathways such as intercellular interactions, cell-matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathways. In conclusion, the predictive model for cervical cancer based on fatty acid metabolism reveals the possibility of predicting the prognosis and potential efficacy of immunotherapy for patients with cervical cancer.
T-cell-restricted intracellular antigen 1 regulates the expression and alternative splicing of stress-related genes in human renal tubular epithelial cells
Authors: Wang Juan , Liao Wenliang , quan Weili , cao Shengguo , Tu Yafang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms mediating secondary nonimmune renal injury in lupus nephritis (LN) is important for therapeutic development. Cytotoxic granule-associated RNA-binding protein 1 (T-cell-resrticted intracellular antigen 1, TIA1) plays potential roles in infiltrating immune cells in LN. However, the regulatory targets and mechanisms underlying TIA1 activity in renal nonimmune cells remain unclear. Here, TIA1 was overexpressed in a human renal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2). Then, RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were performed to compare the expression profile and alternative splicing pattern in TIA1-overexpressing (TIA1-OE) and control cells. Additionally, the expression of Tia1 and the genes that it may regulate in the kidney tissues of LN mice was analysed. The results showed TIA1-OE increased and decreased the transcript levels of 101 and 452 genes in HK-2 cells, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO)analysis showed that the downregulated genes were significantly enriched in several terms associated with the cellular response to stress. Moreover, TIA1-OE changed the pattern of 2,035 alternative splicing events that occurred in 1,420 genes in HK-2 cells. GO analysis showed t genes were significantly enriched in DNA repair and cellular response to DNA damage stimulus terms. These results demonstrate that TIA1 mediates secondary nonimmune renal injury by regulating the expression and alternative splicing of stress-related genes in renal tubular epithelial cells, which provides a reference for targeted therapy for renal injury in LN.
Microstructural Impacts on the Oxidation of Multi-Principal Element Alloys
Authors: Pavel Michael J. , Weaver Mark L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The impacts of thermal treatment on the precipitate morphology and oxidation behavior of a dual phase (FCC + L12) MPEA, Ni45Co17Cr14Fe12Al7Ti5, has been studied at 1000°C via nonisothermal-isothermal and cyclic testing. Thermogravimetric analysis and subsequent characterization revealed that smaller precipitates had an increased capacity to form protective sub-surface oxide layers which mitigated total mass gain. The smaller precipitate containing samples exhibited a decrease in thickness of primary Cr2O3 scale and parabolic growth rate. Mechanistically this behavior is believed to stem from the increased growth rate of initial Al2O3 nuclei and decreased inter-precipitate spacing which results in faster lateral diffusion and agglomeration.
Volumetric Assessment of Idiopathic Osteosclerosis in Jawbones Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Moshfeghi Mahkameh , Arian M Matin , Ranji Paniz , Momeni AmirAli , Naghshbandi Tara 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The aim of the present study was to investigate three-dimensional characteristics of idiopathic osteosclerosis also known as dense bone island, in the jawbones and to review the case reports on this subject.
Methods
300 images from patients in dental school were analyzed. Since there is no age limit on getting orthodontic braces, IO prevalence was investigated in different age and sex groups. Furthermore, variables such as number, shape, position, and volume of the mass were studied considering its relation to neighboring teeth and cortical structures. Also, the possible association between IO and root resorption or malposition of the adjacent teeth was evaluated. One-sample chi-squared, Pearson’s chi-squared, Binomial, and independent T-tests were used for statistical analysis utilizing software SPSS version 21.
Results
Fifty-one out of the 300 cases had 75 IOs (17% prevalence), with no discernible difference in age or gender. More than one mass was present in 31.4% of IO patients. IO was more frequent in the mandibular premolar/molar area. The most common shape was irregular. There was no evidence for a relationship between IO and teeth, but a significant association was present with adjacent cortical structures. A mean volume of 206 mm3 was reported for the mass. Age and mass volume had an inverse relationship. No instance of tooth malposition or root resorption related to IO was reported.
Conclusions
IO should be carefully considered by dentists due to potential complications and differential diagnosis purposes. Three-dimensional characteristics of IO can accurately be assessed on CBCT images.
Analysis of influencing factors of hospitalization expenses of HIV/AIDS patients in a public hospital in Shenzhen
Authors: Li Jun , Li Yang , Hao Yanbin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective: To analyze the influencing factors of hospitalization costs of 700 HIV/AIDS patients in a hospital in Shenzhen.
Methods: Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of hospitalization expenses, distinguish the patients with medicare and those without medicare, gray association was used to analyze the degree of association between various costs and hospitalization costs.
Results: In 700 cases of HIV/AIDS patients, the influencing factor of total hospitalization cost is the length of hospital stay (LOS). The influencing factor of hospitalization cost of medical insurance and self-paying patients includes the LOS and the way of payment, the first three high expenses of hospitalization are western medicine, laboratory and physical therapy expenses. ursing and bed expenses have the highest correlation with hospitalization expenses, while the correlation of other items is high.
Conclusion: To strengthen the supervision and management of hospitals, reduce the proportion of drugs and consumables, shorten the length of hospitalization, can effectively reduce the hospitalization cost and reduce the economic burden of patients' diseases
On-farm conservation of crop diversity: A case study of landraces from Western Ghats of Karnataka, India
Authors: Puneeth Gudihalli Muninarayanappa , Gowthami Ravi , Katral Ashvinkumar , Laxmisha Kerekoppa Manjunatha , Vasudeva Ramesh , Archak Sunil 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Landraces cultivated in four districts of Karnataka spread across Central Western Ghats, India were systematically documented. A snowball sampling approach was adopted to identify the custodian farmers. As many as 917 landraces belonging to 62 different crops from the target area could be documented. Sites were not uniform with respect to species richness and landrace diversity. The study could identify the critical factors that determine on-farm conservation as (i) suitability to regional conditions, (ii) relevance in regional cuisine and the local medicinal practices, (iii) cultural and traditional significance and (iv) the economic advantage. In order to promote the use of landraces and ensure their availability for future generations, custodian farmers were found to freely share their seeds. Factors unfavorable to on-farm conservation practice included the popularity of high-yielding varieties, inadequate market for native cultivars, inadequate dissemination of knowledge about landraces and their special uses, lack of interest among youth towards traditional agriculture, dearth of genuine seeds and relative low yields. The information documented in this study is expected to promote conservation and marketing of landraces as well as their use in breeding programmes.
Behavior patterns and related factors of seeking infertility health services in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ma Yi , Bai Fu , Gao Lina , Zhang Yixin , Li Zhixin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Infertility affects an average of 9% of reproductive-aged couples worldwide. There are still gaps in utilizing infertility health care between regions within China. This study attempts to explore different behavior patterns when people utilize infertility treatment services and related factors.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 17 Assisted Reproductive Technology clinics in China in 2020. Using two-step cluster analysis, different behavior patterns of health care utilization of infertile women (3507) and men (721) were identified for each sex. Taking cluster membership as the dependent variable, and age, educational level, ethnicity, etc, as the independent variables, univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed for each sex group separately.
Findings:
10.9% of female and 19.3% of male participants had a much longer duration (4-6.9 years) of deciding to take action to seek infertility health care and a longer time (4.5-9 years) in trying to get pregnant. Age (OR 1.128, 95% CI 1.102–1.154 for women and OR 1.082, 95% CI 1.047–1.120 for men), education level (OR 0.360, 95% CI 0.21–0.618 for women and OR 0.193, 95% CI 0.068–0.546 for men), and husband’s annual income (OR 0.545, 95% CI 0.35–0.848 for women and OR 0.585, 95% CI 0.282–1.245 for men) are independent factors associated with the different utilization of health care in China for both infertile women and men. Ethnicity (OR 2.001, 95% CI 1.476–2.713) is a prominent independent factor for infertile women, and obtaining infertility knowledge from doctors (OR 1.882, 95% CI 1.26–2.81) is an independent factor prominent for infertile men in utilizing health care. The female poor utilization group had spent more on treatments, gotten less reimbursement from the health insurance system, and had undergone further treatment regimens.
Conclusion
There are disparities in utilizing health care for infertility and some people are disadvantaged in obtaining treatment at an optimal age. Certain factors influence individuals’ utilization of infertile healthcare services.
Ethanol production from the glucose-based medium in the presence of inhibitors using immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the stirred tank bioreactor and its modeling
Authors: Ünsal Selime Benemir Erkan , Tufan Hilal Nur Gürler , Canatar Muge , Yatmaz Ercan , Yavuz Ibrahim , Germec Mustafa , Turhan Irfan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to examine the influence of inhibitors including acetic acid (AA), formic acid (FA), and phenol (P) on ethanol production from the glucose-based medium using immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a bioreactor. Results showed that the highest ethanol yields and productions were determined as 45.64% and 38.10 g/L, 44.8% and 36.67 g/L, and 44.46% and 39.07 g/L by the addition of 2.5 g/L AA, 0.5 g/L FA, and 0.5 g/L P into the fermentation medium, respectively. Regarding mathematical modeling, the models MGM (AA), Huang (FA-P) were the best models to predict the experimental ethanol production. It was determined that the values forecasted with the models MMF (AA-FA), Weibull (P) agreed with the actual biomass growth. Besides, to forecast the observed values of the substrate consumption, the most suitable models were Weibull (AA-FA-P). Consequently, the immobilized-cell ethanol fermentations with inhibitors were successfully performed and their limit values were determined.