bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of soil abiotic processes on phosphorus availability and plant responses with a focus on strigolactones in tomato plants
Authors: Santoro Veronica , Schiavon Michela , Celi Luisella 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plant growth, taking part in primary cellular metabolic processes as a structural component of key biomolecules. Soil processes as adsorption, precipitation, and coprecipitation can affect P bioavailability, leading to limited plant growth and excessive use of P fertilizers, with adverse impacts on the environment and progressive depletion of P reserves. To cope with P stress, plants undergo several growth, development, and metabolic adjustments, aimed at increasing P-acquisition and -utilization efficiency. Recently, strigolactones (SLs) have emerged as newly defined hormones that mediate multiple levels of morphological, physiological and biochemical changes in plants as part of the P acclimation strategies to optimize growth. Therefore, understanding the soil processes affecting P availability and P acquisition strategies by plants can contribute to improved agronomical practices, resources optimization and environmental protection, and the development of plants with high P use efficiency for enhanced agricultural productivity.

Scope
In this review, we discuss the range of abiotic processes that control P retention in soil and how different concentrations or degrees of P bioavailability can trigger various responses in plants, while critically highlighting the inconsistent conditions under which experiments evaluating aspects of P nutrition in plants have been conducted. We also present recent advances in elucidating the role of SLs in the complex P signalling pathway, with a special focus on what has been discovered so far in the model plant tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.).
Are We Really Falling Behind? Comparing Key Indicators Across International and Local Standardised Tests for Australian High School Science
Authors: Georgiou Helen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThere has been a strong narrative in Australia of falling attainment in high school science, with much of the campaign informed by results from international standardised tests such as Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), which shows a year-on-year decline in scientific literacy of Australian 15-year-old students. These results have been used to justify significant policy and curriculum reform, despite the known limitations of PISA and a lack of additional evidence to support this decline in other tests. In this paper, results from standardised tests administered in Australia will be compared to create a fulsome picture of attainment for high school science students. Reports include both the compilation of data from existing reports and new analyses. With the latest (2018/9) reports from PISA, Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), and National Assessment Program for Scientific Literacy (NAP-SL) (an Australian test of Science Literacy) and data shared by the NSW Department of Education on ‘The Validation of Assessment for Learning and Individual Development’ (VALID) test for the years 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018, this offers the most complete picture of student attainment in science to date. Results show that there are disagreements between tests on cohort achievement over time and distribution of attainment at different ‘proficiency levels’. These results suggest caution when using these key results from these tests to inform policy and pedagogy.
Beware the community type: engagement and growth in core vs. open online communities
Authors: Cyron Thomas , Garz Marcel , Steigenberger Norbert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEntrepreneurs can benefit from the communities they build. Therefore, many entrepreneurs create online communities that allow self-selected stakeholders, such as customers, crowd investors, or enthusiasts, to interact with the venture and other like-minded individuals. However, research on how entrepreneurs can successfully engage community members and grow such online communities is only slowly emerging. In particular, it is unclear if, how much, and which content entrepreneurs should contribute to foster engagement in different types of communities and which role these community types play in the community’s overall growth. Based on a longitudinal case study in the video game industry, we first theorize and show that—depending on the community type—both too much and too little entrepreneur-provided content fails to leverage community engagement potential and that different communities require more or less diverging content. We then theorize and show that community growth is largely driven by engagement in open communities, such as those hosted on social media. We outline the implications this has for entrepreneurs, our understanding of online communities, and entrepreneurial communities more generally.
Behaviour of 27-Day and 13.5-Day Periodicities in Galactic Cosmic Particles as Observed by Spacecraft and Neutron Monitors During Different Solar Polarity Cycles
Authors: Kotzé Pieter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAn analysis has been made of the behaviour of the 27-day and 13.5-day periodicities in proton, C, and O galactic-cosmic-ray (GCR) particles at different energies as observed by the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) and SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory) spacecraft during both Solar Cycles 23 and 24. In addition, the behaviour of the 27-day and 13.5-day periods in the solar-wind-modulation parameter $\zeta $
ζ
= BIMF × VSW has been investigated during the same time interval to determine the existence of a possible solar-polarity dependence. Ground-based neutron-monitor (NM) observations, corresponding to different rigidity cutoff [RC] parameters, were also studied to determine the temporal behaviour of both the 27-day and 13.5-day periods during Cycles 23 and 24, revealing a statistically significant solar-polarity correlation. The Lomb–Scargle periodogram technique has been employed to extract spectral information from the above-mentioned observations for each individual year from 2001 – 2009 (Cycle 23) and 2010 – 2019 (Cycle 24). Daily mean energetic ACE and SOHO particle measurements are used to identify how both the 27-day and 13.5-day periodicities vary during each individual year during these cycles as a function of particle mean energy. This spectral analysis of proton, C, and O galactic-cosmic-particle data at different energies revealed that both the 27-day and 13.5-day periods are stronger during the minimum of Solar Cycle 24/25 when A > 0 (solar dipole pointing North) in comparison to the minimum of Cycle 23/24 when A < 0 (solar dipole pointing South) at certain energy levels. This showed a particularly strong energy-dependent behaviour for both periodicities. This article reports for the first time an annual time- and energy-dependent behaviour of both the 27-day and 13.5-day periodicities in daily-mean galactic cosmic particles observed by spacecraft and ground-based neutron monitors during consecutive Solar Cycles 23 and 24, corresponding to opposite solar-magnetic-field orientations. Periodicity behaviour in heliospheric solar-wind data corroborate these results in general.
Teachers’ assessment of self-regulated learning: Linking professional competences, assessment practices, and judgment accuracy
Authors: Karlen Yves , Bäuerlein Kerstin , Brunner Sabrina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSelf-regulated learning (SRL) is crucial for successful lifelong learning and an important educational goal. For students to develop SRL skills, they need appropriate SRL support from teachers in the classroom. Teachers, who are aware of their students’ strengths and weaknesses in SRL, can promote SRL more adaptively. This requires teachers to assess students’ SRL skills accurately. However, there is little research on teachers’ diagnostic competences in SRL. To address this research gap, the present exploratory study investigates teachers’ content knowledge about SRL, assessment activities, and accuracy in judging their students’ SRL. Furthermore, the study examines whether teachers’ characteristics and competences in SRL are associated with the accuracy of their judgments. The study included 41 lower secondary school teachers and their 173 students. The students completed metacognitive knowledge tests on several SRL skills while the teachers made predictions about the students’ metacognitive knowledge of those SRL skills. The results indicate that not all teachers were familiar with the assessment of SRL. Moreover, teachers exhibited greater familiarity with offline assessments of SRL than online assessments and a noteworthy proportion of teachers employed assessment activities that were not diagnostic of SRL. Low correlations between students’ actual test scores and teachers’ judgments generally revealed low accuracy for teachers in assessing their students’ metacognitive knowledge of various SRL skills. Teachers’ characteristics and competences in SRL were mainly uncorrelated with their judgment accuracy. Overall, these results highlight the need for further attention and support for teachers in developing their diagnostic competences in SRL.
Evaluation of reciprocal F1 crosses of Fayoumi with two exotic chicken breeds 2: additive and non-additive effects on egg quality traits
Authors: Negash Fikrineh , Abegaz Solomon , Tadesse Yosef , Jembere Temesgen , Esatu Wondmeneh , Dessie Tadelle 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe current study evaluates additive and non-additive genetic variances for egg quality traits in six genotypes generated through pure mating and reciprocal crossing of Fayoumi (FM) with Koekoek (KK) and White Leghorn (WL). For each genotype, measurements were taken on 30 eggs randomly sampled at 32, 36, and 40 weeks of age to evaluate both external and internal egg quality parameters. The results revealed significant differences (P < 0.001) among the genotypes in all external quality traits and most internal quality traits, including yolk weight (YW), albumen weight (AW), and yolk height (YH). The results also showed that variations due to purebred effect (PE), general combining ability (GCA), maternal effect (ME), and specific combining ability (SCA) were significant in most traits, which reflects that both additive and non-additive variances are important for the inheritances of the parameters investigated. In most of the traits, the ME and PE were higher in KK and WL, while GCA was higher in KK and FM. The FM x WL had higher SCA than FM x KK. The results suggest the likelihood of genetic improvement in these genotypes through selection and crossbreeding strategies and/or a combination of the two.
Spatio-Temporal Investigation of Public Transport Demand Using Smart Card Data
Authors: Klar Robert , Rubensson Isak 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPolicymakers must find efficient public transport solutions to promote sustainability and provide efficient urban mobility in the course of urban growth. A growing number of research papers are applying Geographically weighted regression (GWR) to model the relationship between public transport demand and its influential factors. However, few studies have considered the rapid development of journey inference from ticket transaction data. Similarly, the potential of GWR to analyze spatio-temporal changes that reflect changes in transportation supply and thus provide a measure for evaluating the local success of transport supply changes has yet to be exploited. In this paper, we use inferred journeys from smart card inferences as the dependent variable and analyze how public transport demand responds to a set of explanatory variables, emphasizing transport supply. Consequently, GWR and its successor Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) are applied to analyze the spatially varying impact of transport supply changes for seven consecutive time frames between autumn 2017 and spring 2020, allowing conclusions about local changes in transport demand, as well as the benchmarking of transport supply changes. The (M)GWR framework’s predictive power is evaluated by training the model with past transport supply data and testing the model with data from the following consecutive years. The conducted analyses reveal that the (M)GWR model, using inferred journeys and transport supply data, can retrospectively predict the impact of transport supply changes on travel behavior and thus provides conclusions about the success of transport policies.
From the Ground Up: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Past Fertility and Population Narratives
Authors: McFadden Clare 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPopulation dynamics form a crucial component of human narratives in the past. Population responses and adaptations not only tell us about the human past but also offer insights into the present and future. Though an area of substantial interest, it is also one of often limited evidence. As such, traditional techniques from demography and anthropology must be adapted considerably to accommodate the available archaeological and ethnohistoric data and an appropriate inferential framework must be applied. In this article, I propose a ground-up, multidisciplinary approach to the study of past population dynamics. Specifically, I develop an empirically informed path diagram based on modern fertility interactions and sources of past environmental, sociocultural, and biological evidence to guide high-resolution case studies. The proposed approach is dynamic and can evolve in response to data inputs as case studies are undertaken. In application, this approach will create new knowledge of past population processes which can greatly enhance our presently limited knowledge of high-frequency, small-scale demographic fluctuations, as well as contribute to our broader understanding of significant population disturbances and change throughout human history.
Testing the Drivers of Corporate Environmentalism in Vietnam
Authors: Malesky Edmund J. , Nguyen Quynh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhat motivates private firms’ willingness to invest in green technologies and environmentally friendly operations? Some emphasize enhanced government regulation and enforcement, while others point to the greater potential of societal pressure. In this study, we use a survey experiment with more than 10,000 firms in Vietnam to test which type of stakeholder pressure has the strongest impact on domestic and foreign business leaders’ intention to invest in green operations. We find that the effectiveness of stakeholder pressure is conditioned by the firms’ target markets. Foreign investors are more susceptible than domestic firms to intensive regulatory pressure. Accounting for export orientation, however, we find that the most amenable policy targets for regulatory pressure are foreign firms aiming to sell in the Vietnamese domestic market.
Evaluation of crises suitability of food systems: a comparison of alternative protein sources
Authors: Boccardo Andrea , Hagelaar Geoffrey , Lakemond Catriona 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGlobal crises affecting food security have kept increasing for four years in a row, with almost 350 million people expected to suffer from food insecurity in 2023, more than double the number compared to 2020. This draws attention to the importance of finding food capable to feed a population under such conditions. In this research criteria were developed to gain comparative insights into crises suitability of food system’s food security. Four principal criteria – production characteristics, intrinsic attributes, supply chain efficiency, and feasibility of conversion – were identified to encompass this crises suitability, and translated into measurable indicators tailored to protein foods. A multi criteria analysis (MCA) was developed which enabled the assessment of different alternative protein sources – insects, cultured meat, mycoproteins, algae, and plant proteins – on the basis of equal importance of the crises suitability criteria. Chicken meat, being currently the most efficient protein source in times of crisis, was used as a reference protein source. Based on the suitability criteria, insects and cultured meat resulted from the comparative study convincingly as the most suitable to replace chicken meat. Although the systems of the other alternative protein sources did not emerge as suitable options to replace chicken meat in a crisis, algae, mycoproteins, and plant proteins could support chicken meat as complementary sources of proteins if embedded in the food supply. When adopting these criteria, the type of crisis needs to be taken into account to judge the relative importance of the criteria, as a basis for decision making on the crisis suitability of food stuff’s systems. The methodology applied allowed to identify a clear distinction between crises suitability of alternative proteins systems, and has therefore potential for application to other food systems. Then, the indicators for the criteria need to be tailored towards the nature of the specific food system.
The debris-cloaking larva of Catapotia laevissima and the origin of defensive strategies in Anamorphidae and other Coccinelloidea (Coleoptera)
Authors: Arriaga-Varela Emmanuel , Leschen Richard A. B. , Tomaszewska Wioletta 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDebris-cloaking, a method of concealment with material collected from the environment, has evolved repeatedly with the purpose of avoiding detection in adults or immatures of various invertebrates including beetles. Fungus beetles in the family Anamorphidae (Coccinelloidea) are small-sized spore feeders of predominantly surface-dwelling habits. Debris-cloaking has been reported only for two genera in the family and nowhere else in Coccinelloidea. Here we report debris-cloaking behaviour in larvae of the Neotropical beetle genus Catapotia, describe its larvae, and compare it to confamilials. We summarise the knowledge on the defensive mechanisms and the natural history traits for members of the coccinellid group of Coccinelloidea. Possible evolutionary origins for the defensive mechanism are reconstructed on the basis of available phylogenetic hypotheses. Groups containing species with a larger body size also have a higher number of defensive strategies in larvae and adults; these include members of Endomychidae and Coccinellidae that exhibit reflex bleeding, aposematic colouration, and gregarious behaviour. Debris-cloaking has likely evolved only once, in the comparatively small-sized Anamorphidae.
Numerical modeling of hydraulic jumps at negative steps to improve energy dissipation in stilling basins
Authors: Macián-Pérez Juan Francisco , García-Bartual Rafael , López-Jiménez P. Amparo , Vallés-Morán Francisco José 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe performance of stilling basins including a negative step was analyzed addressing its effect on the energy dissipation efficiency, dimensions and structural properties of the hydraulic jump, streambed pressures and pressure fluctuations. Six different cases were simulated, considering two possible relative heights for the step and three possible Froude numbers. The results show that the step yields to lower subcritical depths, allowing smaller basin dimensions. Nevertheless, it tends to slightly increase the roller length of the jump. Concerning the relative energy dissipation, results confirm the improvement derived from the step presence. The internal flow occurring in the jump was also analyzed, and more specifically the subzones generated upstream and downstream the impingement point. The results prove the contribution of the negative step in the stabilization of hydraulic jumps in the stilling basin. In particular, a general decrease of the streambed pressure is observed. In addition, pressure fluctuations are significantly reduced due to the negative step size influence on the hydraulic jump. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques to simulate stilling basin flows and to adequately characterize the hydraulic jump performance was confirmed.
Pre-concentration of pesticides in water using isophorone diamine multiwalled carbon nanotubes-based solid-phase extraction technique and analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Sethoga L. S. , Magadzu T. , Ambushe A. A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe existence of pesticides in water at ultra-trace levels necessitates the use of a suitable pre-concentration method for their detection. The objective of this study was to develop an ultra-synthetic adsorbent to extract chlorpyrifos (CPF) and imazalil (IMA) pesticides in water. X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirm that both oxidised and isophorone diamine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (IPD-MWCNTs) were successfully prepared with an intact structure; which was further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) showed a high surface area of both oxidised and IPD-MWCNTs, which is linked to the formation of additional active sites. TGA further showed that the nanocomposites were highly stable within the pesticides quantification operating temperature. CPF and IMA were recovered using a low dosage of IPD-MWCNTs adsorbent (0.030 g) and eluted by a combined solvent (ethanol and chloroform (50:50, v/v)). The adsorbent was reusable over seven repeated cycles, with an acceptable percentage relative standard deviation (%RSD) ranging from 3 to 8%. The IPD-MWCNTs adsorption sites are highly stable and cannot be easily fouled, as compared to that of oxidised MWCNTs. Lower limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for CPF (0.026 and 0.078 µg.L−1) and IMA (0.033 and 0.100 µg.L−1) were achieved. Better recoveries for both analytes at low and high concentrations (as well as in real water samples) were obtained by IPD-MWCNTs whereas a conventional adsorbent (i.e. polymeric reverse phase) can only achieve better recoveries at high concentrations.
Boil-off recovery system for natural gas stations: an approach to increase energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gases
Authors: Borges A. D. S. , Oliveira M. , Varandas B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractImproving the efficiency of energy use is of utmost importance in the context of climate change. Indeed, greater efficiency in the end-use of energy will make a significant contribution to lowering primary energy consumption and reducing CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions. This paper presents an approach that enables a compact liquefied natural gas station to operate without being connected to the public electric grid. It is achieved by using the Boil-off gas generated by the vehicle supply process and feeding it to a generator which, together with a photovoltaic (PV) system, can produce electrical energy. Results from a year of trial operations at the station in Escariz, Portugal, demonstrate that it is possible to recover an average of 8.66 kg of Boil-off gas daily while generating a 345% excess of electrical energy when combined with the PV system, enabling the station to be self-sustainable in terms of electricity. Based on the experimental data and calculation methodology, the project was able to earn an estimated monthly revenue of €176.27 throughout the study period while also preventing the emission of 8549 kg of CO2 equivalent from natural gas combustion in vehicles.