bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Root causes for corrosion on painted steel structures in marine environments
Authors: Knudsen Ole Ø. , Hagen Catalina H. M. , Skilbred Anders W. B. , Bruaas Tarjei K. , Nærland Jarand 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOur understanding of the failure mechanisms of coatings, for example, cathodic disbonding, corrosion creep, blistering, and cracking, have been developed to a high level over the past decades. However, knowing what actually causes coatings to fail in the field is also important. Several atmospheric field tests of coating with duration 2–9 years have been published, showing that epoxy‐based heavy‐duty protective coating systems with zinc‐rich primers have high resistance against corrosion creep from damages in the coating. Despite this, scribe creep corrosion has become the most important evaluation parameter in standardized testing. In this work, inspection pictures from an offshore oil and gas platform, a ballast water tank system, and two coastal road bridges have been analyzed with respect to the root cause for initiation of corrosion on coated steel. The results show that corrosion mainly initiates at edges and welds. Between 50% and 90% of the corrosion attacks could be attributed to this, depending on the type of structure. The paint failed due to low film thickness, that is, the wet paint retracts from sharp edges in the surface so that the cured film has reduced barrier properties.
CRYPTO‐MANIA: How fear‐of‐missing‐out drives consumers’ (risky) investment decisions
Authors: Friederich Felix , Meyer Jan‐Hinrich , Matute Jorge , Palau‐Saumell Ramon 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe cryptocurrencies (cryptos) market has undergone rapid development in the last years. Although this market is highly volatile and has frequently crashed, consumers show continued interest as well as widespread possession of such assets. Therefore, this research explores the mechanisms underlying consumers’ engagement in crypto trading. The results of five studies including eight experiments reveal that externally evoked fear‐of‐missing‐out (FOMO) appeals influence consumers’ investment decisions and that this effect is mediated by affective processes and moderated by impulsivity. The results further demonstrate that FOMO appeals lead consumers to repeated investment decisions, even if prior losses have been incurred. Finally, the findings suggest that the effects of FOMO can be mitigated via communication strategies (i.e., fear messages). The results provide notable implications for academics and policymakers concerned with consumers’ crypto engagement.
Development of high‐throughput wet‐chemical synthesis techniques for material research
Authors: Chen Zhuyang , Lu Dongdong , Cao Jinwei , Zhao Fu , Feng Guang , Xu Chen , Deng Yonghong , Xiang X.‐D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCombining material big data with artificial intelligence constitutes the fourth paradigm of material research. However, the sluggish development of high‐throughput (HT) experimentation has resulted in a lack of experimentally verified and validated material data, which has become the bottleneck of data‐driven material research. Wet‐chemical synthesis has the benefits of low equipment cost and scalability, but traditional wet‐chemical techniques are time‐consuming and ineffective at disclosing the interrelationships between synthesis, compositions, structures, and performance. Constructing a HT workflow in wet‐chemical synthesis is crucial to achieving the preparation of multidimensional materials and establishing the composition–structure–synthesis–performance relationships of functional materials for diverse applications. In this review, the most recent development in HT wet‐chemical synthesis techniques for material research are analyzed in depth. Additionally, the application of HT wet‐chemical synthesis in the fabrication of advanced hydrogels and catalysts is demonstrated through illustrative instances. Finally, this review suggests possible paths for enhancing the efficiency of HT experimentation and data acquisition in order to facilitate more effective material discovery.
Characterization of ductile damage and fracture behavior under shear reverse loading conditions
Authors: Wei Zhichao , Gerke Steffen , Brünig Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper deals with experimental and numerical analysis of the ductile damage and fracture behavior undergoing biaxial non‐proportional shear reverse loading conditions. In the numerical analysis, an anisotropic cyclic plastic‐damage constitutive model is considered to characterize the damage and fracture behavior. Additionally, the change in the hardening rate is observed after shear reverse loading. Thus, a newly modified non‐hardening strain region method is introduced to capture the change in the hardening ratio between isotropic and kinematic hardening. Furthermore, the damage surface is assumed to translate in the direction of the damage strain increment. Hence, a softening law based on the damage strain is proposed. The modified constitutive model predicts macroscopic force‐displacement and microscopic evolution of plastic and damage behaviors under shear reverse loading with a tensile preload. Through digital image correlation technique and scanning electron microscopy, numerical results can be validated by experimental ones. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy pictures also reveal different damage and fracture mechanisms on the micro‐level.
A numerical approach for determining the optimal position of a single damper for damping a distinct eigenfrequency of multi‐body systems
Authors: Truhar Ninoslav , Weber Wolfgang E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper the damping optimization of a multi‐body oscillator with arbitrary n degrees of freedom is considered. The main contribution is a theoretical result for the optimal position of a single damper in a structured optimization. For that purpose the optimization criterion based on the average total energy is considered. As the damping optimization by means of the chosen optimization criterion in general is not a straight‐forward task, a numerical approach based on the formula of Veselić is introduced in this contribution. This approach can be used for efficiently calculating optimal damping for medium‐size problems with .
Model order reduction in subset simulations using the proper orthogonal decomposition
Authors: Thaler Denny , Shields Michael D. , Markert Bernd , Bamer Franz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe crude Monte Carlo method is computationally expensive. Hence, incorporating model order reduction methods enabling reliability analysis for high‐dimensional problems is necessary. However, this strategy may result in an inaccurate estimation of the probability of failure for rare events for two reasons. First, the model order reduction, represented by the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) here, requires response information in the form of snapshots a priori. To capture the essential nonlinear response behavior, we propose to update the proper orthogonal modes using extreme events. Second, the crude Monte Carlo simulation requires many samples to estimate low failure probabilities reliably. To this end, subset simulation found wide application in reliability analysis to reduce computational effort. Following this strategy, the proposed samples gradually move toward the failure region. Thus, incorporating updates of the modes is particularly promising in evaluating samples from the current subset region. This contribution shows the computational efficiency of POD within subset simulations. We then propose to leverage the estimation of the probability of failure by updating the modes within each subset.
Investigation of microstructure evolution accounting for crystal plasticity in the multiphase‐field method
Authors: Kannenberg Thea , Schöller Lukas , Prahs Andreas , Schneider Daniel , Nestler Britta 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRegarding microstructured materials, a quantitative prediction of phase transformation processes is highly desirable for a wide range of applications. With respect to polycrstalline materials, the plastic material behavior is commonly investigated using a crystal plasticity (CP) theory, since it accounts for the underlying microstructure, that is, slip systems of the crystal lattice. In classical continuum mechanics, grain boundaries (GBs) are commonly modeled as material singular surfaces. However, the tracking of moving GBs, present during phase transformation processes, is numerically challenging and costly. This can be circumvented by the use of a multiphase‐field method (MPFM), which provides a numerically highly efficient method for the treatment of moving interfaces, considered as diffuse interfaces of finite thickness. In this work, the microstructural evolution is investigated within the MPFM accounting for CP. The implementation of the constitutive material behavior within the diffuse interface region accounts for phase‐specific plastic fields and the jump condition approach. To improve the understanding of the impact of plastic deformation on the phase evolution, a single inclusion problem is analyzed. Within a plastically deformed matrix, the shape evolution of a purely elastic inclusion with a different Young's modulus, referred to as inhomogeneity, is investigated. It is shown, how the anisotropic plastic behavior affects the phase evolution. The resulting equilibrium shapes are illustrated and examined.
Teaching mechanics with individual exercise assignments and automated correction
Authors: Gfrerer Michael H. , Marussig Benjamin , Maitz Katharina , Bangerl Mia M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSolving exercise problems by yourself is a vital part of developing a mechanical understanding. Yet, most mechanics lectures have more than 200 participants, so the workload for manually creating and correcting assignments limits the number of exercises. The resulting example pool is usually much smaller than the number of participants, making verifying whether students can solve problems themselves considerably harder. At the same time, unreflected copying of tasks already solved does not foster the understanding of the subject and leads to a false self‐assessment. We address these issues by providing a scalable approach for creating, distributing, and correcting exercise assignments for problems related to statics, strength of materials, dynamics, and hydrostatics. The overall concept allows us to provide individual exercise assignments for each student. A quantitative survey among students of our recent statics lecture assesses the acceptance of our teaching tool. The feedback indicates a clear added value for the lecture, which fosters self‐directed and reflective learning.
Nonunit quaternion parametrization of a Petrov–Galerkin Cosserat rod finite element
Authors: Harsch Jonas , Eugster Simon R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe application of the Petrov–Galerkin projection method in Cosserat rod finite element formulations offers significant advantages in simplifying the expressions within the discrete virtual work functionals. Moreover, it enables a straight‐forward and systematic exchange of the ansatz functions, specifically for centerline positions and cross‐section orientations. In this concise communication, we present a total Lagrangian finite element formulation for Cosserat rods that attempts to minimize the number of required theoretical concepts. The chosen discretization preserves objectivity and allows for large displacements/rotations and for large strains. The orientation parametrization with nonunit quaternions results in a singularity‐free formulation.
Precise size‐controllable generation of alginate encapsulated menthol microcapsules by active flow‐focusing microfluidic technology
Authors: Cao Yun , Wang Xiaofeng , Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Peng , Tang Gang , Guan Mingjing , Li Yanyan , Tian Huijuan , Zhang Jin , Zhou Shun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe encapsulation of menthol by polymer particles is an attempt to decrease its volatilization loss during the drying process when used in tobacco, cosmetics, and food applications. To generate precise size‐controllable menthol microcapsules with high menthol loading, this work encapsulated menthol with alginate using a new active flow‐focusing microfluidic technology. The size of the alginate‐encapsulated menthol microcapsules can be precisely controlled by adjusting the diameters of the nozzles. The results showed that the size difference scale could be controlled below 5%, and the encapsulation efficiency was higher than 80%. Additionally, alginate encapsulated menthol microcapsules exhibited a sustained‐release effect. The presence of an alginate shell can effectively protect menthol from rapid volatilization, which is conducive to avoiding menthol loss for tobacco, cosmetics, and food applications.
Cyclin D2 gene variance and expression level in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Elwafa Reham Abdel Haleem Abo , Bordiny Magdy El , Salama Mostafa , Fawzy Amira , Omar Omneya Magdy 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundCyclin D2 (CCND2) is a crucial player in cell cycle regulation. CCND2 polymorphisms contribute to cancer predisposition.ObjectivesTo evaluate the association of CCND2 rs3217927 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and its expression levels with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) susceptibility in Egyptian children and its potential prognostic role.MethodsThe 5′ nuclease allelic discrimination assay was used to evaluate the frequency of CCND2 rs3217927 SNP in 80 newly diagnosed children with ALL and 80 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. CCND2 relative expression levels were determined by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe genotype analysis revealed that the GG genotype and G allele were significantly more prevalent among ALL patients than controls (p ˂ .001). Regression analysis demonstrated that Egyptian children carrying only one G allele had about 31‐fold increased risk to develop ALL compared to A allele carriers. CCND2 was overexpressed in ALL patients compared to controls (p < .001). The CCND2 overexpression was associated with the GG genotype and G allele (p < .001). Furthermore, G allele was an independent negative prognostic marker for central nervous system (CNS) involvement (odds ratio [OR] = 4.676; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–18.6), risk stratification (OR = 38; 95% CI: 7.7–188.2), and chemoresistance (OR = 9.864; 95% CI: 5.6–70.3) in ALL patients.ConclusionsG allele of CCND2 rs3217927 SNP might be associated with increased risk for ALL in Egyptian children besides being an independent negative prognostic marker for their risk stratification and therapeutic outcome. CCND2 rs3217927 SNP genotyping might be used to demarcate ALL patients with aggressive disease phenotypes who may be candidate for alternative targeted therapeutic strategies
Research on coupled erosion damage model of FRP bonded concrete beams subjected to Lemaitre assumption
Authors: Zou Yunfei , Ji Yongcheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn cold regions, the coupling of freeze–thaw cycles and sulfate frequently impairs the performance of FRP‐bonded concrete, resulting in a shortened service life. Carbon fiber polymer (CFRP) and glass fiber polymer (GFRP) are used to paste pre‐cracked concrete beams in the experiment, and three unfavorable environments are created: freeze–thaw cycle, 10% sulfate solution erosion, and coupling erosion. This paper investigates the durability performance of FRP bonded beams using microscopic, mechanical and dynamic modulus of elasticity tests, as well as post‐erosion damage values and finite element modeling. After 400 h of coupled erosion, sulphate erosion and freeze–thaw cyclic erosion environments, the strength of the CFRP bonded beams was reduced by 66.3%, 14.6% and 42.0% and the GFRP bonded beams by 67%, 21.9% and 52.3% respectively. The results show that single sulphate attack does not cause significant damage to the beams, but it can exacerbate the damage caused by freeze–thaw cycles. A coupled damage model based on the Lemaitre strain equivalence assumption predicted the actual coupled damage of the specimens. The finite element model can accurately predict the damage and strength of the bond surface under loading.Highlights
The durability performance of CFRP and GFRP adhered pre‐cracked concrete beams
Microscopic, mechanical, and dynamic elastic modulus tests are used
Freeze–thaw erosion environment in 10% mass fraction sulphate solution
Coupled damage models for coupled salt and freeze–thaw cycles are developed
FRP‐reinforced pre‐cracked beams subjected to erosion are simulated with ABAQUS
Local analysis of crystalline phases and properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) electrospun composites with BaTiO3 nanorods
Authors: Nugraha Aditya Sukma , Chou Chen Chia , Aji Bramantyo Bayu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the influence of barium titanate nanorods (BT rods) on the properties and phase formation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofibers of composite membranes created using the electrospinning technique. The primary objective was to assess the effect of varying BT nanorod concentrations on the membrane properties. The result shows that inserting BT rods into PVDF increases β‐phase content, which, with an optimal concentration of BT rods, affects the activation energy of thermal degradation resulting in the highest β‐phase content and the lowest activation energy at 3% BT content. Moreover, the electrical output of the samples was measured. Using a ball‐drop test, the sample containing 3 wt% BT rods exhibited the highest output voltage, reaching 1.64 V. The BT rods play a significant role in promoting the β‐phase PVDF molecular chain formation, acting as the polar phase in PVDF and aligning with the polarization direction of the BT rods. According to high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy investigations, crystalline phases of PVDF are strongly correlated with the surface charges of perovskite BT rods. The occurrence of charge on the BT rods significantly contributes to fostering the development of the β‐phase PVDF molecular chain. It essentially performs the function of the polar phase within the PVDF, aligning itself in accordance with the polarization direction inherent to the BT rods. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of incorporating BT rod polar surfaces to interact with PVDF chain dipole moments, promoting β‐phase formation. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Effect of inhomogeneous loads on the mechanics of PV modules
Authors: Romer Pascal , Pethani Kishan Bharatbhai , Beinert Andreas J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn contrast to homogeneous mechanical load according to IEC 61215, photovoltaic modules in the field are mainly exposed to inhomogeneous loads like snow or wind. This paper deals with such inhomogeneous loads using computational fluid dynamics and finite element method simulations. Temperatures different to room temperature and the choice of encapsulates have significant influences on the thermomechanics of a photovoltaic module in case of snow load. Polyolefin is the encapsulant with the lowest storage modulus and has the lowest overall stress in solar cells and glass down to −30°C. Furthermore, with colder temperatures, the first principal stress decreases in solar cells but increases in the glass. For wind loads, the impact of module orientation, wind direction, module inclination angle, and wind speed is analyzed. A crosswind scenario is found to be most critical. Additionally, as a rule of thumb, higher module inclination angles result in higher stresses. Finally, general thermomechanical rules are extracted allowing for a deeper understanding of the underlying effects and therefore help to build more robust modules in the future.
Structural features of thyroglobulin linked to protein trafficking
Authors: Citterio Cintia E. , Kim Kookjoo , Rajesh Bhavana , Pena Kevin , Clarke Oliver Biggs , Arvan Peter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThyroglobulin must pass endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control to become secreted for thyroid hormone synthesis. Defective thyroglobulin, blocked in trafficking, can cause hypothyroidism. Thyroglobulin is a large protein (~2750 residues) spanning regions I–II–III plus a C‐terminal cholinesterase‐like domain. The cholinesterase‐like domain functions as an intramolecular chaperone for regions I–II–III, but the folding pathway leading to successful thyroglobulin trafficking remains largely unknown. Here, informed by the recent three‐dimensional structure of thyroglobulin as determined by cryo‐electron microscopy, we have bioengineered three novel classes of mutants yielding three entirely distinct quality control phenotypes. Specifically, upon expressing recombinant thyroglobulin, we find that first, mutations eliminating a disulfide bond enclosing a 200‐amino acid loop in region I have surprisingly little impact on the ability of thyroglobulin to fold to a secretion‐competent state. Next, we have identified a mutation on the surface of the cholinesterase‐like domain that has no discernible effect on regional folding yet affects contact between distinct regions and thereby triggers impairment in the trafficking of full‐length thyroglobulin. Finally, we have probed a conserved disulfide in the cholinesterase‐like domain that interferes dramatically with local folding, and this defect then impacts on global folding, blocking the entire thyroglobulin in the ER. These data highlight variants with distinct effects on ER quality control, inhibiting domain‐specific folding; folding via regional contact; neither; or both.
A marginalized two‐part joint model for a longitudinal biomarker and a terminal event with application to advanced head and neck cancers
Authors: Rustand Denis , Briollais Laurent , Rondeau Virginie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe sum of the longest diameter (SLD) of the target lesions is a longitudinal biomarker used to assess tumor response in cancer clinical trials, which can inform about early treatment effect. This biomarker is semicontinuous, often characterized by an excess of zeros and right skewness. Conditional two‐part joint models were introduced to account for the excess of zeros in the longitudinal biomarker distribution and link it to a time‐to‐event outcome. A limitation of the conditional two‐part model is that it only provides an effect of covariates, such as treatment, on the conditional mean of positive biomarker values, and not an overall effect on the biomarker, which is often of clinical relevance. As an alternative, we propose in this article, a marginalized two‐part joint model (M‐TPJM) for the repeated measurements of the SLD and a terminal event, where the covariates affect the overall mean of the biomarker. Our simulation studies assessed the good performance of the marginalized model in terms of estimation and coverage rates. Our application of the M‐TPJM to a randomized clinical trial of advanced head and neck cancer shows that the combination of panitumumab in addition with chemotherapy increases the odds of observing a disappearance of all target lesions compared to chemotherapy alone, leading to a possible indirect effect of the combined treatment on time to death.