bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population health and sociodemographic variables as predictors of access to cardiac medicine and surgery in Haiti
Authors: Bansal Esha , Patel Krishna , Lacossade Samantha , Gue Bennisoit , Acceme Kessy , Robinson Owen , Kwan Gene F. , Wilentz James R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
In Haiti, cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with congenital and rheumatic heart disease comprising a large portion of disease burden. However, domestic disparities in cardiac care access and their impact on clinical outcomes remain poorly understood. We analyzed population-level sociodemographic variables to predict cardiac care outcomes across the 10 Haitian administrative departments.

Methods
This cross-sectional study combined data from a 2016–17 Haitian national survey with aggregate outcomes from the Haiti Cardiac Alliance (HCA) database (n = 1817 patients). Using univariate and multivariable regression analyses, the proportion of HCA patients belonging to each of three clinical categories (active treatment, lost to follow-up, deceased preoperatively) was modeled in relation to six population-level variables selected from national survey data at the level of the administrative department.

Results
In univariate analysis, higher department rates of childhood growth retardation were associated with a lower proportion of patients in active care (OR = 0.979 [0.969, 0.989], p = 0.002) and a higher proportion of patients lost to follow-up (OR = 1.016 [1.006, 1.026], p = 0.009). In multivariable analysis, the proportion of department patients in active care was inversely associated with qualified prenatal care (OR = 0.980 [0.971, 0.989], p = 0.005), and child growth retardation (OR = 0.977 [0.972, 0.983]), p = 0.00019). Similar multivariable results were obtained for department rates of loss to follow-up (child growth retardation: OR = 1.018 [1.011, 1.025], p = 0.002; time to nearest healthcare facility in an emergency: OR = 1.004 [1.000, 1.008, p = 0.065) and for preoperative mortality (prenatal care: OR = 0.989 [0.981, 0.997], p = 0.037; economic index: OR = 0.996 [0.995, 0.998], p = 0.007; time to nearest healthcare facility in an emergency: OR = 0.992 [0.988, 0.996], p = 0.0046).

Conclusions
Population-level survey data on multiple variables predicted domestic disparities in HCA clinical outcomes by region. These findings may help to identify underserved areas in Haiti, where increased cardiac care resources are required to improve health equity. This approach to analyzing clinical outcomes through the lens of population-level survey data may inform future health policies and interventions designed to increase cardiac care access in Haiti and other low-income countries.
An evaluation of basal metabolic rate among healthy individuals — a cross-sectional study
Authors: Verma Natasha , Kumar S. Senthil , Suresh Anjali 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The main source of daily energy requirement in Asian societies is basal metabolic rate (BMR). Even though the reason for this fluctuation is debatable, prior research have shown that BMR is highly varied in individuals. All studies concur that variation in fat-free mass (FFM) is important, although the effects of fat mass (FM), age, sex, and the hormones leptin, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) are still unknown.

Objective
The main objectives of the study are as follows:
• To evaluate the basal metabolic rate among healthy individuals
• To identify the risk factors on basal metabolic rate among healthy individuals

Methodology
In total, 50 individuals were consecutively enrolled in the study during the entrepreneurship studio on 29th June 2022 held at Garden City University (GCU). The inclusion criteria were age between 18 and 50 years, both males and females, students and professors of GCU, and healthy individuals. The exclusion criteria were subjects who had overt metabolic and/or endocrine diseases (e.g., diabetes, hypothyroidism, hypertension, amenorrhea) and those taking any drug known to influence energy metabolism. The convenient samples of 50 subjects were taken from this study.

Outcome measures
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body mass index (BMI).

Results
The demographic data, height, weight, BMI, and BMR were recorded. The mean and standard deviation of age are 25.81 ± 8.71 and 23.95 ± 6.67 of males and females, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of height are 1.68 ± 0.68 and 1.63 ± 0.07, respectively. The mean and standard deviation for weight are 63.8 ± 11.49 and 54.86 ± 10.43, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of BMI are males and females which are 22.3 ± 3.22 and 20.47 ± 3.62, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of BMR are males and females which are 1552.41 ± 127.3 and 1327.7 ± 147.9.

Conclusion
The energy used up while lying still at rest and being awake during the nocturnal postabsorptive state is known as the basal metabolic rate (BMR). The values can be used as a reference for comparison with the normative values, and cardiorespiratory endurance training can be included in the rehabilitation program.
Ambient PM2.5 Components Are Associated With Bone Strength: Evidence From a China Multi-Ethnic Study
Authors: Yan Hongyu , Tang Wenge , Wang Lele , Huang Shourui , Lin Hualiang , Gu Lingxi , He Congyuan , Dai Yingxue , Yang La , Pengcuo Ciren , Qin Zixiu , Meng Qiong , Guo Bing , Zhao Xing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Context
The relationship between the components of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 or less (PM2.5) and bone strength remains unclear.

Objective
Based on a large-scale epidemiologic survey, we investigated the individual and combined associations of PM2.5 and its components with bone strength.

Methods
A total of 65 906 individuals aged 30 to 79 years were derived from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort Annual average concentrations of PM2.5 and its components were estimated using satellite remote sensing and chemical transport models. Bone strength was expressed by the calcaneus quantitative ultrasound index (QUI) measured by quantitative ultrasound. The logistic regression model and weighted quantile sum method were used to estimate the associations of single and joint exposure to PM2.5 and its components with QUI, respectively.

Results
Our analysis shows that per-SD increase (μg/m3) in 3-year average concentrations of PM2.5 (mean difference [MD] −7.38; 95% CI, −8.35 to −6.41), black carbon (−7.91; −8.90 to −6.92), ammonium (−8.35; −9.37 to −7.34), nitrate (−8.73; −9.80 to −7.66), organic matter (−4.70; −5.77 to −3.64), and soil particles (−5.12; −6.10 to −4.15) were negatively associated with QUI. In addition, these associations were more pronounced in men, and people older than 65 years with a history of smoking and chronic alcohol consumption.

Conclusion
We found that long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components may lead to reduced bone strength, suggesting that PM2.5 and its components may potentially increase the risk of osteoporosis and even fracture. Nitrate may be responsible for increasing its risk to a greater extent.
Signs of a Glucose- and Insulin-Independent Gut-Bone Axis and Aberrant Bone Homeostasis in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Hartmann Bolette , Longo Miriam , Mathiesen David S , Hare Kristine J , Jørgensen Niklas R , Esposito Katherine , Deacon Carolyn F , Vilsbøll Tina , Holst Jens J , Knop Filip K 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Context
Gut hormones seem to play an important role in postprandial bone turnover, which also may be affected by postprandial plasma glucose excursions and insulin secretion.

Objective
To investigate the effect of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and an isoglycemic intravenous glucose infusion (IIGI) on bone resorption and formation markers in individuals with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls.

Methods
This observational case-control study, conducted at the Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark, included 9 individuals with C-peptide negative type 1 diabetes and 8 healthy controls matched for gender, age, and body mass index. Subjects underwent an OGTT and a subsequent IIGI. We analyzed changes in bone resorption assessed by measurements of carboxy-terminal type I collagen crosslinks (CTX) and in bone formation as assessed by procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) concentrations.

Results
Baseline CTX and PINP levels were similar in the 2 groups. Both groups exhibited significantly greater suppression of CTX during OGTT than IIGI. PINP levels were unaffected by OGTT and IIGI, respectively, in healthy controls. Participants with type 1 diabetes displayed impaired suppression of CTX-assessed bone resorption and inappropriate suppression of PINP-assessed bone formation during OGTT.

Conclusion
Our data suggest the existence of a gut-bone axis reducing bone resorption in response to oral glucose independently of plasma glucose excursions and insulin secretion. Subjects with type 1 diabetes showed impaired suppression of bone resorption and reduced bone formation during OGTT, which may allude to the reduced bone mineral density and increased fracture risk characterizing these individuals.
An epidemiological study of oral tobacco use amongst urban slum inhabitants in a town from central urban India
Authors: Kuruwanshi Sulochana , Joshi Abhishek 
Published: July 2023

Background: Smokeless tobacco users receive levels of nicotine known to be addictive, and clinical symptoms of dependency and withdrawal for smokeless tobacco are identical to those for cigarettes. Smokeless tobacco usage patterns share significant parallels with patterns of use of other addictive drugs. Because everyone spits after using oral tobacco, there are more persons who spit in public due toits use. Use of smokeless tobacco during pregnancy increases the chance of low-birth-weight babies by two to three times and is linked to stillbirths. Other negative health implications of smokeless tobacco use include dental decay, gum recession, high blood pressure, oral sub-mucous fibrosis (OSF), a crippling disorder, and mouth and food pipe malignancies. This warrants the study of patterns of oral tobacco use and its determinants in urban slum areas. Objective: To estimate the prevalence and patterns of oral tobacco use and assess the motivating and demotivating factors associated with it amongst urban slum inhabitants. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study will be conducted in the urban field practice area of a tertiary care hospital. A semi-structured questionnaire assessing the socio-demographic profile, prevalence and pattern associated factors for oral tobacco use among the study participants will be implemented. Study implications: This study will help to determine the prevalence and pattern of oral tobacco use, as well as the motivating and demotivating factors that contribute to oral tobacco use. Insights gained shall be useful to implement focussed prevention strategies.
Effect of low-intensity plyometrics and eccentric training programs on pain, strength and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized control trial protocol
Authors: Somaiya Kamya , Samal Subrat 
Published: July 2023

Meniscus degeneration, synovial inflammation, subchondral bone changes, and cartilage loss serve as the best indicators of osteoarthritis (OA). The most prevalent type of joint conditions, OA, impairs mobility, lowers quality of life, and limits participation in social activities. Although pain is the primary concern for the majority of patients, clinical symptoms also include joint stiffness, discomfort, and dysfunction. There is enough data to draw the conclusion that physiotherapy treatments can reduce knee OA patients’ pain and enhance their functional capabilities. Two treatment methods that are particularly effective and advantageous for people with knee OA are plyometrics and eccentric training programmes. Our study will compare the impact of eccentric training programmes and low-intensity plyometric training programmed on pain, strength, and function in patients with Grade 1 and Grade 2 knee OA. In this study, the following outcome measures will be utilised: the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and the Two Minute Walk Test, as our final performance measures for pain and function, respectively. We will determine strength by using portable hand-held dynamometers. Through this study, we will be able to create a plyometric training regimen that can be given to individuals with knee osteoarthritis to improve their physical well-being and athletic performance. These training programmes would be highly effective in such patients, in addition to conventional treatment. Registration number: CTRI/2023/06/053657
Technical Note—Conic Mixed-Binary Sets: Convex Hull Characterizations and Applications
Authors: Kılınç-Karzan Fatma , Küçükyavuz Simge , Lee Dabeen , Shafieezadeh-Abadeh Soroosh 
Published: July 2023

A Unifying Framework for the Convexification of Mixed-Integer Conic Binary Sets The paper “Conic Mixed-Binary Sets: Convex Hull Characterizations and Applications,” by Fatma Kilinc-Karzan, Simge Kucukyavuz, Dabeen Lee, and Soroosh Shafieezadeh-Abadeh, develops a unifying framework for convexifying mixed-integer conic binary sets. Many applications in machine-learning and operations research give rise to integer programming models with nonlinear structures and binary variables. The paper develops general methods for generating strong valid inequalities that take into account multiple conic constraints at the same time. The authors demonstrate that their framework applies to conic quadratic programming with binary variables, fractional programming, best subset selection, distributionally robust optimization, and sparse approximation of positive semidefinite matrices.
Influences of focusing conditions on optical poling in lithium niobate using a 1035  nm femtosecond fiber laser
Authors: Chen Xin , Xu Chunsheng , Liu Shan , Liu Dawei , Tan Bihui , Zhang Yi , Chen Huan , Sheng Yan , Wang Junli 
Published: July 2023

In this study, we demonstrate the optical induction of ferroelectric domain inversion on the −z surface of lithium niobate crystals using a 1035 nm femtosecond fiber laser. We investigate the effects of laser power and focusing parameters on domain morphology. The results revealed that domains exhibit an irregular random distribution at low power, whereas regularly arranged domains were formed near the crystal damage threshold. Furthermore, with sufficiently high power, lens focusing enables the fabrication of uniformly sized domains exceeding 100 µm. The results suggest potential applications for controlling domain morphology and the duty cycle, and fabricating ferroelectric functional devices.
Understanding concerns after severe COVID-19: A self-imposed lockdown guarded by anxiety?
Authors: Törnbom Karin , Larsson Alexandra , Sunnerhagen Katharina S. , Palstam Annie , Persson Hanna C. 
Published: July 2023

Objective
Many people are struggling to get back to their lives after severe COVID-19. To facilitate their reintegration into everyday life, we need to understand how the process is experienced. We aimed to gain deeper knowledge about this process by interviewing persons one year after hospitalisation due to COVID-19.

Methods
The study is based on a qualitative design, with eleven in-depth interviews conducted one year after discharge for COVID-19. Participants were recruited to form a heterogeneous sample with respect to age, gender and socioeconomic background. All interviews were analysed utilising inductive thematic analysis.

Results
From the participants’ narratives four themes were identified: ‘Concerns and worries in everyday life’, ‘Supportive and concerned relatives’, ‘A new way of life–sorrows and advantages’ and ‘Seize the day–a greater awareness of one´s mortality’. Participants described how they tried to create a functioning everyday life. They were generally afraid of getting COVID-19 again and concerned about future life, where their lack of energy played a major role. Narratives were diverse regarding to what extent the struggle to cope was experienced as emotionally challenging or not.

Conclusions
Participants described an unpredictable recovery after COVID-19, characterised by ups and downs, which created worries concerning their future. In some cases, the worry of getting COVID-19 again was strong enough to keep participants in their homes, as a self-imposed lockdown guarded by anxiety. However, the narratives also revealed gratitude towards being alive and having coped so well. This led to a more positive outlook on life with a greater focus on intrinsic values, close social relations and the deeper meaning of life.
S100A9 is indispensable for survival of pneumococcal pneumonia in mice
Authors: Ostermann Lena , Seeliger Benjamin , David Sascha , Flasche Carolin , Maus Regina , Reinboth Marieke S. , Christmann Martin , Neumann Konstantin , Brand Korbinian , Seltmann Stephan , Bühling Frank , Paton James C. , Roth Johannes , Vogl Thomas , Viemann Dorothee , Welte Tobias , Maus Ulrich A. 
Published: July 2023

S100A8/A9 has important immunomodulatory roles in antibacterial defense, but its relevance in focal pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is understudied. We show that S100A9 was significantly increased in BAL fluids of patients with bacterial but not viral pneumonia and correlated with procalcitonin and sequential organ failure assessment scores. Mice deficient in S100A9 exhibited drastically elevated Zn2+ levels in lungs, which led to bacterial outgrowth and significantly reduced survival. In addition, reduced survival of S100A9 KO mice was characterized by excessive release of neutrophil elastase, which resulted in degradation of opsonophagocytically important collectins surfactant proteins A and D. All of these features were attenuated in S. pneumoniae-challenged chimeric WT→S100A9 KO mice. Similarly, therapy of S. pneumoniae-infected S100A9 KO mice with a mutant S100A8/A9 protein showing increased half-life significantly decreased lung bacterial loads and lung injury. Collectively, S100A9 controls central antibacterial immune mechanisms of the lung with essential relevance to survival of pneumococcal pneumonia. Moreover, S100A9 appears to be a promising biomarker to distinguish patients with bacterial from those with viral pneumonia.
Trial registration: Clinical Trials register (DRKS00000620).
PROTEÇÃO ANIMAL E TRÂNSITO INSTITUCIONAL
Authors: Diego Breno Leal Vilela  
Published: July 2023

Neste artigo irei me debruçar sobre os processos mediante os quais ativistas da proteção animal têm atuado para inserir suas demandas na esfera do Estado e da Administração pública. Dedicarei especial atenção para o trânsito percorrido em vários níveis e escalas de atuação na estrutura estatal, a fm de compreender como estes atores têm se movimentado para provocar as mudanças que almejam políticas públicas para animais) e ao mesmo tempo inserir a chamada “causa animal” no debate público. O cenário torna-se mais interessante e complexo quando notamos que alguns desses protetores não estavam apenas demandando do Estado políticas públicas e responsabilização pelos animais: eles próprios passaram a adentrar na estrutura da administração pública via poder legislativo. Com este trabalho, quero trazer à tona elementos que nos permitam compreender nãoapenas como o Estado se movimenta e se produz, mas como esse dado conjuntode pessoas se movimenta para fazer o Estado.
ENTRE PAPÉIS E MÁQUINAS
Authors: Lucia Sestokas  
Published: July 2023

No presente artigo, exploro algumas questões iniciais levantadas a partir da implementação e aplicação da virtualização dos processos judiciais, com enfoquena justiça criminal, mais especifcamente com a implementação das audiências por meio de videoconferência e do processo eletrônico. Usando como base episó- dios etnográfcos com os quais me deparei durante a pesquisa de mestrado, bem como pesquisas de normativas e notícias em portais ofciais do sistema judiciário, apresento algumas das disputas envolvidas no processo de virtualização, especialmente considerando o regime especial de trabalho das instituições estatais durante a quarentena imposta pela pandemia de Covid-19 em 2020. Busco, assim, oferecer algumas considerações sobre como são operadas noções de neutralidade e efciência associadas à virtualização.
A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional, Descriptive Research: Evaluation of Traumatic Respiratory Impairment Cases That Were Sent to the Turkish Council of Forensic Medicine 3rd Speciality Board in 2020
Authors: Efil Hakan , Aydoğdu Halil İlhan , İçmeli Özlem Saniye , Küçük Ceyhun , Bakır Küçük Pınar 
Published: July 2023

Objective: It is important to determine whether there is a long-term loss of respiratory function in people who have had thoracic trauma, both in respect of the clinical follow-up of cases and in judicial terms (punishment/compensation). The aim of this study was to examine the data related to the nature of trauma and sequelae associated with the respiratory disability of trauma origin, and by reviewing the basis of sequela evaluation, to contribute to future clinical studies to reduce morbidity in thoracic trauma patients and to specialists working in the field of disability.
Methods: A retrospective review was performed by examining the medical records of cases with thoracic trauma referred for evaluation of disability following trauma (workplace accident, assault, traffic accident). The data were retrieved from the electronic database.
Results: The ages of the cases included in the study ranged from 8 to 84 years, with a median age of 44. When the gender distribution was evaluated, it was seen that 85.3% of the cases were male (n=133), and 14.7% were female (n=23). As a result of all the evaluations, it was determined that 10 (6.4%) cases had a loss of pulmonary function due to thoracic trauma, and the disability rate was determined.
Conclusion: As evaluation made on the basis of test results or examination findings alone when determining respiratory function losses can be erroneous, the decision must be made with examinations in specialized centers by experienced physicians guided by respiratory function tests and assistive and supportive imaging results.