bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Halocercus lagenorhynchi infection in a stranded striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba (Meyen, 1833) on the Southwest Coastline of India.
Authors: John Sarlin , Morris Sancia , Geethambika Siby Bhasi , Muraleedharan Megha , Thomas Jeniffer Ann , Savitha Gayathry , Joseph Polycarp 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Necropsy on a striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba (Meyen, 1833) entangled in ghost fishing net and dead while rescuing yielded some helminth parasites, later identified as Halocercus lagenorhynchi. DNA barcoding of the host and parasite and the phylogenetic analysis of the parasite was conducted. This study provides valuable information towards establishing basal data of marine mammal parasite diversity and distribution in the Indian waters. We believe this is the first report of the occurrence of Halocercus lagenorhynchi in marine mammals in India..
Patient Safety and Medical Error Disclosure: Evidence from aCross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Hospital in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alyaemni Asmaa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Attention towards patient safety is growing worldwide, as reducing the incidence and cost of adverse events has become a priority. While international medical ethics laws encourage open communication with patients and their families, they do not guarantee that healthcare providers will disclose information about medical errors or take responsibility for what happened. In international studies, whether clinicians should self-report errors remains in question. Thus, this study aims to assess the knowledge and attitudes about medical error disclosure and explore the factors that facilitate or hinder the disclosure in Saudi tertiary hospitals.
Methods
One hundred internal medical residents completed the study questionnaire between April 2023 and May 2023. Of the participants, 74 were female, 75 were either in Year 1(R1) or Year 2 (R2) of their internal medicine residency programme, 45 spent over 80% of their time in direct patient care, and 100% provided inpatient services. The sample was selected from a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia through simple random sampling. Descriptive and bivariate analyses and chi-square tests were conducted to identify the factors associated with medical error disclosure and willingness to be open with patients.
Results
This study identified a gap between physicians’ hypothetical aptitude and their actual practices regarding disclosing medical errors to patients. A link was found between the underreporting of medical errors and physicians’ low training levels and time spent in providing direct patient care and inpatient services.
Conclusion
The findings of this study have important implications for patient safety. By understanding the factors that influence physicians' decisions to disclose errors, interventions can be undertaken to increase the rates of error disclosure. This can help prevent errors, improve patient outcomes, and build trust between patients and their physicians.
Challenges for Controlling Road Traffic Injuries in the Islamic Republic of Iran: a qualitative study
Authors: Sari Ali Akbari , Salari Hedayat , Motevalian Seyed Abbas , Arab Mohammad , Esfandiari Atefeh 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
Iran has one of the highest death rates due to road traffic Injuries in the world. The number of people died annually is estimated to be higher than the number died of the earthquake in Bam in 2005. This study aimed at exploring the challenges for the control of road traffic Injuries (RTI) in the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Methods:
A qualitative study design was used to collect data from key informants working in the public sectors in Tehran, Iran. The key informants were interviewed using an interview guide and saturation was reached after interviewing 30 key informants. Content analysis was done after transcribing the responses and identifying thematic areas using MAXQDA 10 software.
Results:
This study explored that governance, evidence-based policy-making, proactive approach, information, challenges related to road and vehicles, and low use of helmets were among the reported challenges.
Conclusion:
A real leading agency with the required authority could play great role in the prevention of the identified and other related problems through developing a road map, integrating organizations, defining duties and etc.
Leveraging ecosystems responses to enhanced rock weathering in mitigation scenarios
Authors: Gaucher Yann , Tanaka Katsumasa , Johansson Daniel , Goll Daniel , Ciais Philippe 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is deemed necessary to attain the Paris Agreement's climate objectives. While bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) has generated substantial attention, sustainability concerns have led to increased examination of alternative strategies, including enhanced rock weathering (EW). We analyse the role of EW under cost-effective mitigation pathways, by including the CDR potential of basalt applications from silicate weathering and enhanced ecosystem growth and carbon storage in response to phosphorus released by basalt. Using an integrated carbon cycle, climate and energy system model, we show that applying basalt to forests could triple the level of carbon sequestration induced by EW compared to an application restricted to croplands. EW reduces the costs of achieving the Paris Agreement targets, and alleviates the pressure on food prices by reducing the willingness to pay for bioenergy; however, it does not significantly reduce the use of BECCS, which remains a major cost-effective mitigation option. Further understanding requires improved knowledge of weathering rates through field testing.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Inherently Chiral Molecular Nanographenes
Authors: Martín Nazario , Buendía Manuel , Fernández-García Jesús M. , Perles Josefina , Filippone Salvatore 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The introduction and precise control of stereogenic elements in chemical structures is always a challenging and highly demanding task. The vast majority of available asymmetric methods require the presence of a heteroatom in the starting substrates acting as an anchor point for the successful transfer of chiral information. This eventually emerges, typically, in the formation of a new stereogenic centre while the heteroatom remains in the product. For this reason, compounds constituted only by carbon atoms, such as optically active molecular nanographenes have, so far, been obtained as racemates followed by chiral chromatographic separations. Here, we report an enantioselective strategy which uses three pivotal stereocontrolled key synthetic steps to introduce and extend three different types of stereogenic elements, namely central, axial and helicoidal chirality, into a polycyclic aromatic Csp2-based structure. The resulting helicity of six ortho-fused rings embedded in the triindane-based nanographene ensures stereochemical stability and good chiroptic activity.
A microbial platform for recyclable plastics with customizable properties
Authors: Keasling Jay , Wang Zilong , Cheong Seokjung , Wang Hai , Demarteau Jeremy , Epstein Alexander , Bose Baishakhi , Zhao Mei , Ge Beibei , Nava Alberto , Kakumanu Ramu , Baidoo Edward , Chen Yan , Petzold Christopher , Guo Yifan , Baral Nawa , Vora Nemi , Liu Yuzhong , Ghanta Rithwik , Cruz-Morales Pablo , Yin Kevin , Haushalter Robert , Persson Kristin , Scown Corinne , Helms Brett 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Plastics have played a crucial role in shaping the modern era. However, they are produced almost exclusively from non-renewable feedstocks and face considerable challenges in recycling, especially crosslinked polymers used in consumer electronics, building materials, automotive parts, and aerospace composites1–3. Here, we integrate computational materials design, polymer chemistry, synthetic biology, and systems analysis into a workflow to accelerate the design of biorenewable polydiketoenamines (bioPDKs) with tailored properties and circularity through molecular engineering of their monomers, which are derived from β-keto-δ-lactones (BKDLs). Our approach leverages the modular assembly of hybrid polyketide synthases (PKSs) to enable the biosynthesis of BKDLs with diverse substituents at the γ- and δ-positions with defined stereochemistry. We exploit these features to tailor bioPDK hydrophobicity and depolymerization temperature in aqueous acid, which would be nearly impossible to do at scale using synthetic chemistry. In specific designs, we observe increases in bioPDK acidolysis above thresholds for comparable PDK materials derived from petrochemicals, which has implications for mixed-plastic and composite recycling, solvent and chemical resistance, and degradation.
Negative CO2 emissions mitigate extremes of the terrestrial hydrological cycle via a vegetation physiological feedback
Authors: Kug Jong-Seong , Shin Jongsoo , Park So-Won , Park Chang-Kyun , Kam Jonghun , An Soon-Il , Oh Hyoeun , Yeh Sang-Wook , Jeong Sujong , Kim Jin-soo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Negative carbon emissions are certainly executed to mitigate global warming, including minimizing the detrimental effects of weather extremes in the future. Here we show that successful implementation of negative emissions significantly increases terrestrial precipitation. Although CO2 concentrations are reduced by negative emissions, total terrestrial precipitation exceeds ~ 70% more than for periods of the highest CO2 concentrations, when the atmosphere retains more moisture due to increased air temperatures. The physiological processes of terrestrial vegetation are found to play a critical role in this enhanced terrestrial precipitation and hydrological cycle. We found stomatal feedback-enhanced transpiration leads to increases in precipitation, which in turn increases vegetation growth and resultant transpiration, suggesting positive feedback in the hydrological cycle. Furthermore, despite the increase in total precipitation over land, the occurrences of extreme heavy rainfall events and droughts are significantly reduced globally, implying improved water availability and reduced damages from hydrological extremes in the negative emissions scenario.
Microbial communities’ response along degradation gradient in alpine meadows of the Qilian Mountains
Authors: wu yanru , yang wenquan , li qinyao , Qiao Qianluo , zhao shuai , zhang yangcan , yu yanghua , zhang shengxiang , li xilai , kou jiancun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Aims
Degradation of alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a major issue affecting both ecology and economy. Microorganisms play an important role in soil nutrient cycling and regulation of ecosystem function. This study aimed to investigate the species composition and diversity of microbial communities, and understand the response of microbial communities to changes in physicochemical properties resulting from meadow degradation.
Methods
In this study, the soil bacterial and fungal communities and diversity of alpine meadows of degradation gradient were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing. The function of microbial communities was predicted with Picrust2 and FUNGuild.
Results
As meadow degradation increased, there were 36 bacterial taxa and 28 fungal taxa showing significant differences. The relative abundance of meadow pathogenic fungi increased significantly (P < 0.05). Bacterial and fungal α- diversity mostly tended to decrease. Picrust2 analysis showed a decrease in synthesis-related functional gene abundance and an increase in metabolism-related functional gene abundance. FUNGuild analysis showed that symbiotic and saprophytic symbiotic nutrient fungi decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The pH and available nutrients were identified as the main drivers of changes in the structure, of microbial communities.
Conclusion
The degradation of meadows directly affects soil nutrient content, which in turn affects the diversity and function of soil microbial composition. The combined effect of soil nutrient reduction and microbial community changes reduces the stability of meadows. This work reveals the response and main environmental drivers of alpine meadow degradation in microbial communities, which provides theoretical support for the conservation and sustainable development of alpine meadows.
Prediction of disease recurrence in patients after complete pancreatic NET G2 resection
Authors: Olearska Helena , Sowa-Staszczak Anna , Morawiec-Sławek Karolina , Kurzyńska Anna , Kolasa Magdalena , Tkacz Edyta , Szumińska Małgorzata , Hubalewska-Dydejczyk Alicja , Opalińska Marta 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction

The number of detected pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) is increasing over the last decades. Surgical resection remains the only potentially curative treatment, yet the management is still controversial. This study aimed to compare patients after radical PanNET G2 resection to determine the most important predictive factors for relapse.

Material and methods

All patients with histologically confirmed PanNET G2 who underwent the successful surgery between 2006-2020 with intention of radical treatment were enrolled.

Results

There was forty-four patients eligible for the analysis. The average follow-up was 8.39±4.5 years. The disease recurrence was observed in 16 (36.36%) patients. The dominant location of the primary tumor was the tail of the pancreas (43.18%), especially in the subgroup with the disease recurrence (56.25%). The relationship between the largest dimension of the tumor with a division of <4 cm vs >4 cm and the relapse was close to statistical significance (p=0.077). Recurrence was associated with a larger tumor size (p=0.018). There was a statistically significant relationship and a weak correlation between Ki-67 (p=0,036, V Cramer=0,371) and disease relapse.

Conclusion

The most important predictive factors of the NET G2 recurrence after radical surgery were Ki67 over 5% and the largest dimension of tumor over 4cm.
Task-dependent brain activity in generalized anxiety disorder determined by Bayesian spatiotemporal single case model
Authors: Ghamsari Fereshteh Sadat Hosseinian , Rasekhi Aliakbar , Faghihzadeh Elham , Farrahi Hassan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Data obtained from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have a complex structure. Considering the special features of this type of data in analyses is of particular importance. Previous studies on generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) as a prevalent mental disorder using functional neuroimaging have had conflicting results.
Results
In this study, we apply a Bayesian spatiotemporal model to this type of data that considers both spatial and temporal dependence among regions, which is one of the most essential features to consider. In this single-subject study, we analyzed data from a patient with GAD and a healthy participant. Both participants are 24-year-old women who are assigned an emotion reactivity task (matching neutral and negative facial expressions) inside a scanner. The spatial Bayesian variable selection method is used to detect blood oxygen level-dependent activation in fMRI data. Activation areas in neutral and negative facial expressions are provided for both participants by a posterior probability map. The results of our study show a greater level of activity in the GAD participant in comparison to the healthy participant in responding to the negative matching task.
Conclusion
The GAD patient showed more neural activity in response to negative facial expressions than the healthy participant in brain regions related to emotional response in the areas of the frontal pole, middle frontal gyrus, insular cortex, and frontal orbital cortex. Moreover, the inferior frontal gyrus in the patient with GAD showed more reaction to negative emotional stimuli.
Novel vegan and sugar-substituted chocolates. Part I: physical-chemical characterization
Authors: Torregrossa Federica , Cinquanta Luciano , Corona Onofrio , Albanese Donatella , Cuomo Francesca , Librici Calogero , Meo Paolo Lo , Conte Pellegrino 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The confectionery industry is increasingly adopting new solutions and possible formulations to expand the ranges of chocolate products that support food styles linked to either cultural or health choices. The chemical-physical characteristics of chocolates (dark and milk) produced with traditional formulations or intended for vegan or demanding less simple sugars consumers (with a 10% reduction in calorific value), were analysed. The effects of the substitution of milk with coconut copra, almond and isolated soy proteins, and the replacement of sucrose with coconut sugars, stevia and erythritol, have been accounted for by analysing texture, rheology and water activity, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fast field cycling (FFC) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry. The plant-based sample showed lower values for hardness and adhesiveness in the texture analysis, and a larger peak in the melting behaviour at the DSC. Moreover, the substitution of milk powder caused more than a halving of the yield stress and a similar decrease in apparent and Casson viscosity. The crystallisation of cocoa butter in the substituted-sugar sample involved the β V form, the most desirable crystal form in high-quality chocolate. Results by FFC NMR relaxometry allowed identification of differently sized aggregates whose chemical nature is discussed. FFC NMR relaxometry data confirm those by rheological and DSC investigations.
Molecular detection of some zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from camels (Camelus dromedarius) as hosts and wild rodents as potential reservoirs
Authors: Yousery Ayat M. , Soliman Doaa E. , Samy Ayman A. , Allam Ahmad M. , Shaalan Mona G , hamid Amira E. Abdel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Cultivar resistance of wart causative agents and late blight pathogen in potato breeding in Lithuania
Authors: Asakaviciute R. , Zelya Avrelia , Kacergius Audrius , Andriychuk Tatiana , Zelya Herrhii , Skoreyko Alla , Razukas Almantas 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
There were chosen 6 potato varieties of Lithuanian breeding: ‘VB Venta’, ‘Goda’, ‘VB Liepa’, ‘VB Meda’, ‘VB Rasа’ and ‘VB Aista’ by the research results during 2020-2021. Three potato varieties ‘VB Goda’, ‘VB Liepa’ and ‘VB Meda’ chose with high resistance degree to Phytophthora infenstans (Mont) de Bary. These potato varieties are recommended for use as parent forms for crossing and for implementation in potato disease sources.
Microsatellite simple repetitive sequence (PPS) markers are commonly used in various breeding and genetic studies because of their abundance, repetition, and extensive genome coverage. According to the results, it can be stated that the Lithuanian potato varieties have sufficient genetic differences. This also leads to different agro-morphological characteristics; however, greater genetic variation should be sought to broaden the range of breed characteristics.
A model of why women work harder than men
Authors: Kovaleva Irina , Taylor Leon 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This article examines the relationship between marital living arrangements, cultural attitudes, and the allocation of household work in Kyrqyzstan, focusing on the patrilocality hypothesis. The hypothesis suggests that women living with their husband's family are compelled to work harder than men. The study uses econometrics to test this hypothesis and explores the role of gender theory, resource theory, and bargaining theory in understanding household work allocation. Empirical results provide mixed evidence of the patrilocality and voluntary-marriage hypotheses. Contrary to the patrilocality hypothesis, women living with their husband's family do not earn lower outside wages. However, women who perform more household work have lower outside wages. The findings also suggest that love marriages may induce women to work more hours outside the home. Furthermore, cultural factors, such as religious devotion and decision-making power within the household, impact the division of household duties. The article concludes that while living arrangements and cultural attitudes affect the allocation of household work, they have limited explanatory power. Other factors, such as education and location, have stronger influences on women's outside wages, which, in turn, affect the division of household duties. The complex dynamics of family relationships and societal factors make it challenging to attribute household work allocation solely to one hypothesis or theory.
Enhancement of private schools for collaboration to address gender equity gap of STEM education:
Case study of Mbeya city of Tanzania
Authors: Kibona Isack E. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Investment in education to guarantee gender equity in most developing countries has focused on modern teaching pedagogy, teaching and learning facilities, cultural issues and the likes. However, performance in private schools do set learnable examples of which if not ignored, a nation in question may take lessons and improve gender equity in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education. Private secondary schools may serve as on way to enrich girls' enrolment in STEM for future career opportunities by scoring qualified grades in STEM subjects, provided that education investment environment not only favours public schools but also be in favour of private schools. In the study conducted in Mbeya city of Tanzania, the author investigated 58 secondary schools of which 32 were private schools. From these schools 7959 candidates sat for Certificate of Secondary School Examination (CSEE) of 2022 in Mbeya city. 2255 candidates were from private schools. The analysis indicated that more girls with a potential to enter into STEM education came from private schools, and it is about twice the number of girls from public schools.
Chi-square testing of pass in STEM subjects between boys and girls verified that performance in private schools had closed the gender equity gap between boys and girls. On the other hand, boys outperformed girls in public schools.
Moreover, an estimation of 2202 candidates of which 999 were girls had at least a minimum pass in basic mathematics. Private schools contributed 626 (63%) of passes in basic mathematics.
Thus, appropriate collaboration with private schools might revamp not only girls’ enrolment but also clear gender equity gap in performance of STEM subjects if policy makers in education investment can do more improvement in the environment for education investment through private schools.