bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robustness of a multivariate composite score when evaluating distress of animal models for gastrointestinal diseases
Authors: Talbot Steven R. , Kumstel Simone , Schulz Benjamin , Tang Guanglin , Abdelrahman Ahmed , Seume Nico , Wendt Edgar H. U. , Eichberg Johanna , Häger Christine , Bleich André , Vollmar Brigitte , Zechner Dietmar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe fundament of an evidence-based severity assessment in laboratory animal science is reliable distress parameters. Many readouts are used to evaluate and determine animal distress and the severity of experimental procedures. Therefore, we analyzed four distinct parameters like the body weight, burrowing behavior, nesting, and distress score in the four gastrointestinal animal models (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), pancreatitis, CCl4 intoxication, and bile duct ligation (BDL)). Further, we determined the parameters’ robustness in various experimental subgroups due to slight variations like drug treatment or telemeter implantations. We used non-parametric bootstrapping to get robust estimates and 95% confidence intervals for the experimental groups. It was found that the performance of the readout parameters is model-dependent and that the distress score is prone to experimental variation. On the other hand, we also found that burrowing and nesting can be more robust than, e.g., the body weight when evaluating PDA. However, the body weight still was highly robust in BDL, pancreatitis, and CCl4 intoxication. To address the complex nature of the multi-dimensional severity space, we used the Relative Severity Assessment (RELSA) procedure to combine multiple distress parameters into a score and mapped the subgroups and models against a defined reference set obtained by telemeter implantation. This approach allowed us to compare the severity of individual animals in the experimental subgroups using the maximum achieved severity (RELSAmax). With this, the following order of severity was found for the animal models: CCl4 < PDA ≈ Pancreatitis < BDL. Furthermore, the robustness of the RELSA procedure and outcome was externally validated with a reference set from another laboratory also obtained from telemeter implantation. Since the RELSA procedure reflects the multi-dimensional severity information and is highly robust in estimating the quantitative severity within and between models, it can be deemed a valuable tool for laboratory animal severity assessment.
Graft rejection episodes after keratoplasty in Japanese eyes
Authors: Wajima Haguku , Hayashi Takahiko , Kobayashi Akira , Nishino Tsubasa , Mori Natsuko , Yokogawa Hideaki , Yamagami Satoru , Sugiyama Kazuhisa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors for graft rejection after keratoplasty in Japanese patients. We enrolled 730 cases (566 patients) of penetrating keratoplasty (PK, N = 198), Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK, N = 277), non-Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (nDSAEK, N = 138), and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK, N = 117). The incidence, clinical characteristics, and possible risk factors for graft rejection were analyzed. Graft rejection occurred in 65 cases (56 patients, 8.9%). The incidence rate of rejection was highest with PK (3.45/100 person-years), followed by DSAEK (2.34), nDSAEK (1.55), and DMEK (0.24). Cox regression analysis revealed keratoplasty type, younger age, indications (such as failed keratoplasty and infection), and steroid eyedrop use as possible risk factors. In the multivariate model adjusting baseline characteristics, PK and DSAEK had significantly higher hazard ratios (HRs) than DMEK (HR = 13.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.83, 101] for PK, 7.77 [1.03, 58.6] for DSAEK). Although not statistically significant, the HR estimate of nDSAEK to DMEK (HR = 7.64, 95% CI [0.98, 59.6]) indicated higher HR in nDSAEK than in DMEK. DMEK is the favorable option among the four surgical procedures to avoid graft rejection after keratoplasty.
Harnessing soil biodiversity to promote human health in cities
Authors: Sun Xin , Liddicoat Craig , Tiunov Alexei , Wang Bin , Zhang Yiyue , Lu Changyi , Li Zhipeng , Scheu Stefan , Breed Martin F. , Geisen Stefan , Zhu Yong-Guan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBiodiversity is widely linked to human health, however, connections between human health and soil biodiversity in urban environments remain poorly understood. Here, we stress that reductions in urban soil biodiversity elevate risks to human health, but soil biodiversity can improve human health through pathways including suppressing pathogens, remediating soil, shaping a beneficial human microbiome and promoting immune fitness. We argue that targeted enhancement of urban soil biodiversity could support human health, in both outdoor and indoor settings. The potential of enhanced urban soil biodiversity to benefit human health reflects an important yet understudied field of fundamental and applied research.
Seagrass meadows are important sources of reef island-building sediment
Authors: East Holly K. , Johnson Jamie A. , Perry Chris T. , Finlay Grace , Musthag Azim , Zahir Hussein , Floyd Matthew 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe future vulnerability of low-lying atoll nations is inextricably linked to the production of carbonate sediments by organisms living in their adjacent marine environments. Seagrass meadows are commonly found adjacent to reef islands, but their role as sources of reef island-building sediments has been overlooked. Here, we combine field, satellite and sedimentological data to quantify rates of sediment production by seagrass epibionts in a reef island sediment supply context. Total seagrass epibiont sediment production at our study site (Huvadhoo Atoll, Maldives) was 853,000 ± 90,000 kg CaCO3 yr−1 over an area of 1.1 km2. Of this total sediment production, 541,000 ± 23,000 kg CaCO3 yr−1 was estimated to be suitable to contribute to reef island building (sand-sized, post-agitation). Our findings highlight a valuable ecosystem service provided by tropical seagrass meadows as important potential sources of reef island-building sediment. This study, therefore, presents a compelling geomorphic argument for seagrass conservation.
Rare-earth La-doped VS2−xfor electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia
Authors: Wang Guohui , Shen Peng , Chen Kai , Guo Yali , Zhao Xiaolin , Chu Ke 
Published: February 2023

A rare-earth La-doped VS2−x is reported as an effective catalyst for electrocatalytic nitrate-to-ammonia conversion, which is attributed to the synergy of La-dopants and S-vacancies to promote NO3RR and suppress hydrogen evolution.
Distributed energy management for underground engineering microgrid with reliable power supply
Authors: Wang Hongda , Jiao Zhipeng , Xing Jianchun , Yang Qiliang , Yang Man , Zhou Yutao , Zhao Jiubing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBattery energy storage system (BESS) is of great significance to ensure underground engineering (UE) microgrid to have reliable power supply. Distributed energy management is one of the solutions that can enhance the microgrid reliability by efficiently scheduling the distributed appliances (such as diesel generator, BESS) to accommodate various scenarios. A distributed energy management model is proposed, which can help in reliable power supply by prolonging the lifetime of BESS and reducing the load loss. Considering the different energy consumption needs and dispatching capabilities of three regions of the UE microgrid, the proposed energy management model distributed dispatches the three regions in UE microgrid. In addition, considering the relationship between the depth of discharge and lifetime, the proposed energy management model also contains the BESS lifetime extension model constructed with dynamic charge‐discharge rate and dynamic bidirectional AC/DC converter efficiency. Based on the deterministic optimisation method, the optimal solution of the proposed energy management model is obtained. The effectiveness of the proposed energy management model is validated under six scenarios (that is grid connected mode, off grid mode, partial interconnection mode, interconnection mode, and independent modes with and without power exchange). The simulation results demonstrate that compared with the conventional model, the proposed model can reduce the operation cost by 6.46% and the load loss rate by 0.747%, which helps to improve the reliability of UE microgrid.
Design of a new robust controller for voltage regulation of DC link in wind‐farm‐side converter integrated with a hybrid AC and DC large‐scale power system
Authors: Darabian Mohsen , Bagheri Amir , Yousefi Sajjad 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe main aim of this paper is to improve dynamic performance of a multi‐terminal DC (MTDC) grid in a wind‐integrated AC power system through DC voltage control. The proposed approach is based on design of robust H∞ controller and loop shaping along with mutual quality decomposition method (MQDM). For extracting transfer function of the plant, model of Master‐Slave control system is converted to standard feedback control system. Then, based on the obtained difference between singular‐value curves of the main open‐loop system and the proposed method, the weighting functions of robust H∞ controller are selected. In the next step, by using the MQDM technique, the transfer function ofthe system in state‐space form is evaluated to extract gain of the robust controller. For practicality of the conducted approach, singular‐value order reduction Hankel algorithm along with frequency response analysis have been used for designing the gain of the robust controller. The developed method has been implemented on the MTDC converter in the wind farm side to control the voltage of DC grid. The simulations are accomplished in MATLAB, where by considering different uncertainties in the DC grid, wind unit, and the AC grid, robustness of the proposed approach has been clearly demonstrated.
Anionic liposomes prepared without organic solvents for effective siRNA delivery
Authors: Han Xiu , Lu Yan , Xu Zhaoluo , Chu Yanan , Ma Xueping , Wu Haiping , Zou Bingjie , Zhou Guohua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCurrently, organic solvents are necessary for the preparation of anionic liposomes for siRNA delivery. The removal of organic solvent is time‐consuming and the residual organic solvent is not only a hidden danger, but also affects the stability of anionic liposomes. Glycerol, which is physiologically compatible and does not need to be removed, is used to promote the dispersion of lipids and the formation of anionic liposomes. Additionally, the preparation process is simple and not time‐consuming. The results showed that anionic liposomes, which were typically spherical with a particle size of 188.9 nm were successfully prepared with glycerol. And with the help of Ca2+, siRNA was encapsulated in anionic liposomes. The highest encapsulation efficiency at 2.4 mM Ca2+ reached 91%. And the formation of calcium phosphate could promote the endosomal escape of siRNA effectively. The results from cell viability showed that the anionic liposomes had no obvious cytotoxicity. It was also verified that anionic liposomes could improve the resistance of siRNA against degradation. Additionally, siRNA delivered by anionic liposomes could play an effective role in knockout. Therefore, anionic liposomes prepared with glycerol will be a safe and effective delivery platform for siRNA and even other nucleic acid drugs.
Dialyse auf dem Weg des Glasgower CO2-Reduktionspfads
Authors: Beige Joachim , Pachmann Martin 
Published: February 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGLeider befasst man sich erst in den letzten 1–2 Jahren signifikant mehr mit der Rolle der Nephrologie und der Dialysemedizin für die Emission von CO2 und die Klimaveränderung. Mittlerweile haben unter anderem internationale Fachgesellschaften und die EU-Kommission (European Green Deal) das Thema auf die Agenda gesetzt. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick zu diesen Entwicklungen, nimmt eine Statusfeststellung für Deutschland vor und zeichnet eine Linie zur möglichen nephrologischen Anpassung an die Ziele des Weltklimarates.
Die Zukunft der Nierenersatztherapie
Authors: Wieringa Fokko 
Published: February 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn den letzten Jahren hat sich eine erfreuliche Dynamik in der Entwicklung innovativer, tragbarer und implantierbarer künstlicher Nieren entwickelt. Damit kann wahrscheinlich vielen Problemen, wie dem Personalmangel, dem Mangel an Spenderorganen oder der wachsenden Kostenbelastung der Gesundheitssysteme, besser begegnet werden. Zugleich erhalten die Patienten damit eine größere Unabhängigkeit und mehr Mobilität. Die Geschwindigkeit des Fortschritts ist dabei stark von den verfügbaren Geldmitteln sowie der Bereitschaft zu internationaler Zusammenarbeit abhängig.
Photoinduced Carboarylation of Alkenes by Using Bifunctional Reagents
Authors: Hong Sungwoo , Kim Minseok , Lee Kangjae , Kim Seonyul 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntermolecular alkene difunctionalization is an effective method for rapidly increasing molecular complexity with two valuable groups. We report a strategy for the photocatalytic radical-mediated desulfonylative carboarylation of alkenes by using strategically designed arylsulfonyl acetates as both arylating and carbonylating reagents. By using an Ir complex as a photocatalyst, aryl and carbonyl groups were simultaneously incorporated into alkenes to afford synthetically useful derivatives under mild reaction conditions. This transformation is characterized by a broad substrate scope and good functional-group compatibility.
HCCs lacking arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE) on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) – a diagnostic challenge. Findings from the prospective multicenter DEGUM CEUS HCC trial
Authors: Strobel Deike , Agaimy Abbas , Jesper Daniel , Zundler Sebastian , Schellhaas Barbara 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objectives Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) upon contrast-enhanced
ultrasound (CEUS) typically shows arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE), followed by late
(> 60 seconds) and mild contrast washout (WO). Although APHE is considered as the hallmark
of HCC, it can be absent in some HCCs. Thus, we explored which sonomorphological and
histopathological features of HCC are associated with a lack of APHE upon CEUS.
Methods Focal liver lesions in high-risk patients for HCC were
assessed with CEUS following a standardized protocol in a prospective multi-center real-life
setting. CEUS patterns in HCC were assessed, and tumour and patient characteristics were
compared for HCCs with and without APHE.
Results 316 patients with HCC were recruited (cirrhosis, 76.9%).
APHE occurred in 271/316 HCCs (85.8%). A lack of APHE was associated with portal vein
thrombosis, tumour infiltration of the liver vessels (p<0.001), larger size,
multilocularity, and higher depth location upon ultrasound (p<0.01). Histological grading
did not differ between HCCs with and without APHE (p=0.39). Histopathological features of HCCs
without APHE included cirrhotic stromal reaction, marked tumour cell steatosis and absence of
the typical surrounding dilated sinusoidal vascular channels.
Conclusion Correlation with histopathological findings support
the fact that HCCs with a lack of APHE in CEUS are a heterogeneous group. The examiner has to
be aware that particularly HCCs with portal vein thrombosis or macro-invasion of the liver vessels may lack
APHE.
Diagnostic accuracy of the IDEA protocol for non invasive diagnosis of rectosigmoid DE – a prospective cohort study
Authors: Szabó Gábor , Hudelist Gernot , Madár István , Rigó János Jr. , Dobó Noémi , Fintha Attila , Lipták Laura , Kalovics Emma , Fancsovits Veronika , Bokor Attila 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objectives To test the accuracy of TVS applying the IDEA approach for suspected rectosigmoid DE and to determine the frequency of other pelvic diseases mimicking DE in patients undergoing surgery.
Materials und Methods Prospective single center observational study including consecutive women undergoing TVS for clinically suspected rectosigmoid DE followed by conservative or surgical therapy. TVS findings were compared with those obtained by laparoscopy and confirmed histologically.
Results Of the 671 included patients, 128 women opted for medical therapy, and 6 patients decided for surgery but did not give consent to participate in the study. 537 women were enrolled in the final analysis. 279 (52 %) exhibited surgically confirmed rectosigmoid DE. The sensitivity and specificity, positive and negative predictive value (PPV, NPV), positive and negative likelihood ratio (LR+/–) and accuracy of TVS for diagnosing DE in the rectosigmoid were 93.5 %, 94.6 %, 94.9 %, 93.1 %, 17.24, 0.07, 94.04 %. 12 women who were clinically suspected for DE and mimicked sonographic signs fulfilling the IDEA criteria did exhibit other pathologies. Diagnoses were as follows: vaginal Gartner duct cyst (3/291;1.0 %), anorectal abscess (3/291; 1.0 %), rectal cancer (2/291;0.7 %), hydrosalpinx (2/291;0.7 %), metastatic endometrial cancer (1/291;0.35 %) and Crohn’s disease (1/291;0.35 %).
Conclusion TVS for diagnosing colorectal DE applying the IDEA criteria is highly accurate for presurgical diagnosis. However, additional pelvic pathologies are encountered in 4–5 % of women attending for suspected rectosigmoid DE. These need to be taken into account when investigating patients for suspected DE.
Artificial intelligence for diagnosing neoplasia on digital cholangioscopy: development and multicenter validation of a convolutional neural network model
Authors: Robles-Medranda Carlos , Baquerizo-Burgos Jorge , Alcivar-Vasquez Juan , Kahaleh Michel , Raijman Isaac , Kunda Rastislav , Puga-Tejada Miguel , Egas-Izquierdo Maria , Arevalo-Mora Martha , Mendez Juan C. , Tyberg Amy , Sarkar Avik , Shahid Haroon , del Valle-Zavala Raquel , Rodriguez Jorge , Merfea Ruxandra C. , Barreto-Perez Jonathan , Saldaña-Pazmiño Gabriela , Calle-Loffredo Daniel , Alvarado Haydee , Lukashok Hannah P. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background We aimed to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for detecting neoplastic lesions during real-time digital single-operator cholangioscopy (DSOC) and to clinically validate the model through comparisons with DSOC expert and nonexpert endoscopists.
Methods In this two-stage study, we first developed and validated CNN1. Then, we performed a multicenter diagnostic trial to compare four DSOC experts and nonexperts against an improved model (CNN2). Lesions were classified into neoplastic and non-neoplastic in accordance with Carlos Robles-Medranda (CRM) and Mendoza disaggregated criteria. The final diagnosis of neoplasia was based on histopathology and 12-month follow-up outcomes.
Results In stage I, CNN2 achieved a mean average precision of 0.88, an intersection over the union value of 83.24 %, and a total loss of 0.0975. For clinical validation, a total of 170 videos from newly included patients were analyzed with the CNN2. Half of cases (50 %) had neoplastic lesions. This model achieved significant accuracy values for neoplastic diagnosis, with a 90.5 % sensitivity, 68.2 % specificity, and 74.0 % and 87.8 % positive and negative predictive values, respectively. The CNN2 model outperformed nonexpert #2 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]-CRM 0.657 vs. AUC-CNN2 0.794, P < 0.05; AUC-Mendoza 0.582 vs. AUC-CNN2 0.794, P < 0.05), nonexpert #4 (AUC-CRM 0.683 vs. AUC-CNN2 0.791, P < 0.05), and expert #4 (AUC-CRM 0.755 vs. AUC-CNN2 0.848, P < 0.05; AUC-Mendoza 0.753 vs. AUC-CNN2 0.848, P < 0.05).
Conclusions The proposed CNN model distinguished neoplastic bile duct lesions with good accuracy and outperformed two nonexpert and one expert endoscopist.
Preoperative Coil-Embolization of a Large, Myelon-Compressing Vertebral Metastasis Involving the Artery of Adamkiewicz
Authors: Becker Lena S. , Becker E.R. , Stuebig T. , Hinrichs J.B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMetastatic spinal cord compression causes neurologic impairment and pain, potentially improved by decompression surgery at the risk of heavy intraoperative bleeding. Preoperative embolization carries the risk of nontarget embolization, potentially causing spinal ischemia. Current evidence indicates that knowledge of artery of Adamkiewicz (AKA) location and the amount of collateralization may help estimate the risk of postinterventional spinal cord injury. In this case of a 73-year-old female patient with progression of a large, myelon-compressing vertebral metastasis of L1, protective, blood-flow-controlling occlusion of the proximal-most points of the AKA and segmental spinal arteries was safely performed prior to tumor embolization, surgical decompression, and tumor debulking.
High-Vacuum Drainage System in Percutaneous Image-Guided Thoracocentesis for Complex Pleural Effusions
Authors: Yap Jiawei Alexander , Gummalla Krishna Mohan , H'ng Martin Weng Chin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose Our retrospective study is aimed to analyze the efficacy and outcomes between high-vacuum suction drain (HVSD) over passive drainage in the setting of percutaneous image-guided thoracocentesis, with a secondary aim to determine if preprocedural computed tomography (CT) can aid decision-making.
Methods Clinical and imaging details of patients using HVSD between November 2012 and October 2018, who had a preceding CT within a month before drainage, were collated. The control group was selected from patients who had thoracocentesis with passive drainage performed between November 2017 and October 2018. Cases where HVSD was the sole device were compared with those using only a chest bottle.
Results The HVSD was the only device in 17 cases compared to chest bottle in 47 cases. Mean duration being on a drain for these two arms were 5.5 and 7.3 days, respectively (p = 0.170). Fewer from the HVSD arm needed a repeat procedure (p = 0.424). Patients in the HVSD arm had significantly smaller volumes (p = 0.013) of higher density (p = 0.016), associated with a more encapsulating wall (p = 0.013) but not septations (p = 0.922). Density of contents on CT was useful in distinguishing between straw-colored effusion versus hemoserous fluid or pus (p = 0.008).
Conclusions HVSD was not inferior to the chest bottle in the setting of thoracocentesis. Considering its potential adjunctive benefits, it should be an option for draining smaller volume complex effusions. Due to poor correlation with preprocedural CT, decision to insert a HVSD should be made by the procedurist at the time of thoracentesis.