bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate Heterogeneity Shapes the Diversity of Specialist Beetle Species Across Mountains in Malaysia
Authors: Musthafa Muneeb M. , Sánchez‐Reyes Uriel Jeshua , Abdullah Fauziah , Bhassu Subha , Ruzzier Enrico 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe importance of maintaining biodiversity is well recognized, although the impacts of the ongoing climate crisis on biodiversity are still poorly understood for many groups, including insects. Therefore, the objectives of this study are (1) to identify the climatic niche breadth of beetle species among nine different Malaysian mountains, (2) to characterize the role of environmental (climatic) factors in niche determination, and (3) to relate the climatic niche of the species to the mountain environmental heterogeneity. The Outlying Mean Index (OMI), which compares the multivariate distance between the average environmental conditions of a given area and the specific range of conditions in which each species occurs (marginality), was used to quantify the niche parameters. Among the 875 species, only 130 presented significant responses to the nine tested parameters, 113 of which were identified as specialists, whereas 17 were classified as generalists of the climate environment. The remaining 745 species were not related to the environmental variables under study. Mountains with more heterogeneous climates and greater climate variation between sampling sites or elevations had fewer specialist beetles. Conversely, mountains with more homogeneous climates had a greater number of specialist beetles.
The Association Between Aspartate Transaminase to Alanine Transaminase Ratio and Perioperative Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Siyuan , Wang Binbin , Ma Libin , Yang Huikai , Liu Min , Song Yuxiang , Zhou Zhikang , Lou Jingsheng , Zhou Daming , Cao Jiangbei , Liu Yanhong , Mi Weidong , Ma Yulong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatients with diabetes are at a high risk for perioperative ischemic stroke (PIS). The use of biomarkers to identify high‐risk patients and predict PIS may provide considerable reference value in clinical decision‐making. The aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase ratio (De Ritis ratio) has been proven to be associated with specific diabetic complications. However, the association between the De Ritis ratio and PIS has not been evaluated in this population. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the association between the preoperative De Ritis ratio and PIS in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing noncardiovascular surgery.MethodsData from surgical patients were collected from January 2008 to August 2019. A total of 27,643 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) undergoing noncardiovascular surgery under general anesthesia were screened. The optimal De Ritis ratio cutoff value was identified using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between the preoperative De Ritis ratio and PIS. Propensity score matching (PSM), sensitivity analyses, and subgroup analyses were performed to further validate the robustness of this association.ResultsA total of 151 patients experienced PIS. A De Ritis ratio ≥ 1.04 was associated with an elevated risk of PIS after adjusting for baseline characteristics (OR [95% CI]: 2.25 [1.59–3.21]; p < 0.001), intraoperative parameters (2.50 [1.80–3.49]; p < 0.001), and all confounding variables (2.29 [1.61–3.29]; p < 0.001). In the propensity score‐matched cohort, the association between the De Ritis ratio and PIS remained significant (2.04 [1.38–3.05]; p < 0.001). These associations were also consistently maintained in the sensitivity and subgroup analyses.ConclusionsAn elevated De Ritis ratio is strongly associated with a higher risk of PIS in patients with type 2 DM undergoing noncardiovascular surgery. This may provide additional information on PIS risk assessment in patients with type 2 DM undergoing noncardiovascular surgery.
Association between lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastases in colon cancer: A National Cancer Database analysis
Authors: Emile Sameh Hany , Horesh Nir , Garoufalia Zoe , Wignakumar Anjelli , Boutros Marylise , Wexner Steven D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimLymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a well‐known risk factor in colorectal cancer that is associated with a worse prognosis. The present study aimed to assess the characteristics of patients with LVI‐positive colon cancer according to the status of nodal metastases and to study the association between LVI‐nodal status and survival.MethodThis retrospective study assessed the association between LVI and lymph node metastases in colon cancer, using data from the National Cancer Database. Patients were classified according to the pathological N stage into pN0 and pN1‐2. The risk factors for LVI were determined in each group using multivariable regression analyses. The primary outcome was LVI and the secondary outcome was 5‐year overall survival (OS). A modification of the tumour, node, metastasis (TNM) staging system that incorporates LVI in each stage was proposed.ResultsThe study included 357 724 patients (51.1% female, median age 70 years). LVI was detected in 11.6% and 52.5% of patients with node‐negative and node‐positive disease, respectively. The independent predictors of LVI in pN0 stage were poorly differentiated carcinomas (OR: 3.6, p < 0.001), undifferentiated carcinomas (OR: 3.3, p < 0.001), mucinous carcinomas (OR: 0.61, p < 0.001), and perineural invasion (OR: 4.2, p < 0.001). The independent predictors of LVI in pN1‐2 disease were poorly differentiated carcinomas (OR: 2.36, p < 0.001), undifferentiated carcinomas (OR: 3.23, p < 0.001), and perineural invasion (OR: 3.33, p < 0.001). LVI was significantly associated with worse 5‐year OS and the adverse survival impact of LVI was higher in pN1‐2 disease (HR: 1.47, p < 0.001) than in pN0 disease (HR: 1.28, p < 0.001). When LVI was present, the 5‐year OS was reduced by 1.5% in stage I, 5.6% in stage II, and 11.5% in stage III.ConclusionLVI was more prevalent in patients with colon cancer with lymph node metastases than in patients with node‐negative disease. However, LVI was not detected in approximately half of patients with nodal disease. The adverse survival effect of LVI was proportional to the stage of colon cancer.
The Differential Effect of Regulatory Signals on Shareholder Dissent: The Case of Shareholder Voting in Director Elections
Authors: Uchida Daisuke , Yoshikawa Toru 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTResearch Question/IssueIn the Japanese context of shareholder voting in director elections, this study examines how regulatory signals differently influence shareholder dissent depending on their resource dependence relationship with regulatory bodies.Research Findings/InsightsWe find that the effect of a regulatory change in the disclosure of voting records on shareholder dissent is strengthened as shareholdings by domestic institutional investors increase, while it is mitigated as shareholdings by foreign institutional investors increase. Moreover, we find that this effect is pronounced under conditions where directors seemingly fail to fulfill or to qualify for their role.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThis study develops a resource dependence perspective of shareholder dissent and argues that shareholder dissent can be shaped by regulatory signals from regulatory bodies who provide them with legitimacy. This study enriches the existing insights on corporate governance role of institutional investors by focusing on their resource dependence on regulatory bodies.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThis study sheds light on the dynamic nature of shareholder behavior and suggests that shareholder preferences are not only heterogeneous but also mutable over time in response to regulatory signals. This implies that managers need to pay attention not only to current shareholder preferences but also to future anticipated shareholder preferences to successfully manage their relationships with shareholders.
Association of GLP1R locus with mental ill‐health endophenotypes and cardiometabolic traits: A trans‐ancestry study in UK Biobank
Authors: Hayman Madeleine M. E. , Jones Waneisha , Aman Alisha , Ward Joey , Anderson Jana , Lyall Donald M. , Pell Jill P. , Sattar Naveed , Welsh Paul , Strawbridge Rona J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimsGlucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA), used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity, have been associated with off‐target behavioural effects. We systematically assessed genetic variation in the GLP1R locus for impact on mental ill‐health (MIH) and cardiometabolic phenotypes across diverse populations within UK Biobank.Materials and MethodsAll genetic variants with minor allele frequency >1% in the GLP1R locus were investigated for associations with MIH phenotypes and cardiometabolic phenotypes. Linear or Logistic regression analyses (adjusted for age, sex, population structure and genotyping chip) were conducted separately in unrelated individuals of self‐reported white British (N = 408 774), white European (N = 50 314), South Asian (N = 7667), multiple‐ancestry groups (N = 10 437) or African‐Caribbean (N = 7641) subsets. All ancestries were subsequently combined in an inverse variance‐weighted fixed effects meta‐analysis. Bonferroni correction for multiple testing was applied (for number of independent genetic variants).ResultsAssociations were identified between GLP1R variants and body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and type 2 diabetes in all ancestries. All ancestries except South Asian had significant MIH associations (mood instability: rs111265626‐G, odds ratio [OR] 0.851 [confidence interval, CI 0.79–0.92], risk‐taking behaviour: rs75408972‐T, OR 1.05 [CI 1.03–1.08] or chronic pain: rs9296280‐C, OR 0.645 [CI 0.54–0.78]). The trans‐ancestry meta‐analysis showed mainly consistent effect sizes and directions for metabolic traits, but discordant directions MIH associations. Only signals for chronic pain, stroke and BMI influenced expression of GLP1R.ConclusionsGLP1R variants have consistent cardiometabolic effects across ancestries, but effects on MIH phenotypes are more varied. Any observed behavioural changes with GLP1RA are likely not acting directly through GLP1R.
The safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of an optimized dual GLP‐1/GIP receptor agonist (BGM0504) in healthy volunteers: A dose‐escalation Phase I study
Authors: Fan Yuxin , Yuan Jiandong , Dong Lichun , Yu Chongjing , Ding Haifeng , Xie Daosheng , Guan Runfang , Li Ruixia , Zou Wenhong , Long Shuxian , Chen Jion , Huang Yu , Yang Mei , He Jianchang , Wen Weibo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivePrevious experiments have demonstrated that BGM0504, a GLP‐1R/GIPR dual agonist drug by molecular dynamics‐guided optimization, had enhanced agonistic activity compared to tirzepatide. This study aims to investigate its safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) in Chinese healthy volunteers.MethodsA randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled and dose‐escalation Phase I study was conducted as follows: a single dose (2.5 mg) and once‐weekly administration for 2 weeks to reach target doses (5, 10 and 15 mg) by titration.ResultsA total of 40 volunteers received at least one dose of BGM0504 or placebo. The PK profile of BGM0504 was investigated over a wide dose range and supported once‐weekly administration. It was observed that Cmax and AUC of BGM0504 were linearly proportional to the dose from 2.5–15 mg. The change in body weight (%) from baseline in BGM0504 groups was greater than that in the placebo group, with −3.24%, −6.26%, −7.09% and − 8.30% in 2.5, 5, 10 and 15 mg groups, respectively, indicating a certain dose correlation. Meanwhile, the potential roles of BGM0504 in glycaemic control were also observed. The most frequent adverse events reported were gastrointestinal (vomiting, nausea, decreased appetite, diarrhoea and abdominal distension).ConclusionBGM0504 was generally safe and well tolerated with favourable PK profile and potential role in weight loss was also confirmed. These findings support subsequent development of BGM0504 for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity.
Antiseizure medication use in acute symptomatic seizures: A narrative review
Authors: Yardi Ruta , Vasireddy Rani Priyanka , Galovic Marian , Punia Vineet 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAcute symptomatic seizures, occurring shortly after a central nervous system insult, constitute nearly half of all seizure cases. However, there is a conspicuous absence of clear, comprehensive, and cohesive guidelines for the management of these seizures with antiseizure medications, especially their duration of use. This lack of consensus on the optimal duration of therapy leads to prolonged treatments that may carry adverse consequences. The primary objective of this narrative review is to present the existing evidence‐based literature on the management of acute symptomatic seizures within the context of the underlying pathologies that trigger them. We explore the risk of developing epilepsy for each specific etiology and identify the factors that influence this risk. Finally, to facilitate decision‐making regarding treatment duration, we categorize acute seizures based on the temporal characteristics of hyperexcitability as acute, subacute, and prolonged. Such a rubric may offer clarity in an area where consensus and guidelines are lacking.
Reasons to be fearful? Rising proportions of positive faecal worm egg counts among UK horses (2007–2023)
Authors: Whitlock Fleur , van Dijk Jan , Hodgkinson Jane E. , Grewar John Duncan , Newton J. Richard 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAnthelmintic resistance (AR) threatens effective equine parasite control. Quarterly data summaries from faecal worm egg count testing (FWECT) performed by UK laboratories have appeared in Equine Quarterly Disease Surveillance Reports (EQDSR) since 2007, but have not previously been assessed.ObjectivesTo assess strongyle FWECT methods and thresholds used by UK laboratories. To investigate factors associated with quarterly laboratory FWECT positivity rates between 2007 and 2023.Study designLaboratory surveys and analysis of laboratory summary data.MethodsLaboratories were surveyed in Q3 2018 and again in Q4 2023. Proportions of FWECTs reported positive (PTP) each quarter by individual laboratories between 2007 and 2023 were analysed using multiple mixed‐effects linear regression, evaluating laboratory‐level random‐effects and fixed‐effects variables for ordered categories of FWECT‐thresholds, year‐quarters and consecutive year groups.ResultsTen laboratories responded in 2018 and 13 laboratories in 2023. Samples were commonly reported positive at >0 to <100 eggs per gram (epg) and ≥200 epg. Regression modelling of 1190 EQDSR submissions confirmed significantly decreased PTP for thresholds ≥100 to <300 epg (level‐2: −12.0%, p = 0.03), ≥300 epg (level‐3: −18.0%, p = 0.03) and when thresholds were not specified (level‐4: −12.2%, p = 0.0), relative to level‐1 baseline (>0 to <100 epg). No significant seasonal variation in PTP between year‐quarters was evident. Overall, controlling for between‐laboratory variation and FWECT thresholds, there remained evidence for a significant gradient in increasing PTP over the study period relative to baseline (2007–2009). There were increases in PTP of +6.9% in 2010–2011 (p < 0.001), +10.1% in 2012–2013 (p < 0.001), +14.1% in 2014–2015 (p < 0.001), +16.0% in 2016–2017 (p < 0.001), +15.6% in 2018–2019 (p < 0.001), +17.1% in 2020–2021 (p < 0.001) and +18.9% in 2022–2023 (p < 0.001).Main limitationsSurvey responses were limited and most laboratories' FWECT thresholds were not known.ConclusionsControlling for laboratories and FWECT thresholds there was strong residual evidence from FWECT summary data for increasing egg counts in UK horses between 2007 and 2023.
WDR74‐Mediated Ribosome Biogenesis and Proteome Dynamics During Mouse Preimplantation Development
Authors: Kakihara Ayaka , Maemura Marino , Hatano Atsushi , Matsumoto Masaki , Tsukada Yu‐ichi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPreimplantation embryonic development is orchestrated by dynamic changes in the proteome and transcriptome, regulated by mechanisms such as maternal‐to‐zygotic transition. Here, we employed label‐free quantitative proteomics to comprehensively analyze proteome dynamics from germinal vesicle oocytes to blastocysts in mouse embryos. We identified 3490 proteins, including 715 consistently detected across all stages, revealing stage‐specific changes in proteins associated with translation, protein modification, and mitochondrial metabolism. Comparison with transcriptomic data highlighted a low correlation between mRNA and protein levels, underscoring the significance of non‐transcriptional regulatory mechanisms during early development. Additionally, we analyzed WD repeat‐containing protein 74 (WDR74)‐deficient embryos generated using CRISPR‐Cas9 genome editing. WDR74, a pre‐60S ribosome maturation factor, was found to be critical for ribosome biogenesis and cell division. Furthermore, WDR74 deficiency led to a significant reduction in ribosomal protein large subunit and impaired progression beyond the morula stage. Key ribosomal proteins such as ribosomal protein L24 (RPL24) and ribosomal protein L26 (RPL26), which influence cell division timing, were notably affected, while small subunit proteins remained largely unchanged. Taken together, our study demonstrates the utility of integrating genome editing with proteomic analysis to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying early embryogenesis, and provides new insights into protein‐level regulation of preimplantation development.
Transnational mobility in Moldova: Exploring socio‐economic triggers for migration aspirations
Authors: Bogdan Ludmila 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between socio‐economic factors and migration aspirations among Moldovans using a mixed‐methods approach. It combines quantitative analysis of demographic and economic variables with qualitative interviews to explore the factors that drive migration considerations. The findings show that economically disadvantaged individuals are less likely to migrate due to concerns about social costs, while wealthier individuals are more inclined to move. Contrary to expectations, social capital, remittances, and overseas networks play a limited role in encouraging migration, often reinforcing the decision to stay. These results challenge existing migration theories and highlight the need to consider Moldova's unique socio‐economic context when analyzing migration aspirations.
Emotional Movement Kinematics Guide Twelve‐Month‐Olds’ Visual, but Not Manual, Exploration
Authors: Rutkowska Joanna M. , Mermier Julia , Meyer Marlene , Bulf Hermann , Turati Chiara , Hunnius Sabine 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe ability to recognize and act on others' emotions is crucial for navigating social interactions successfully and learning about the world. One way in which others' emotions are observable is through their movement kinematics. Movement information is available even at a distance or when an individual's face is not visible. Infants have been shown to be sensitive to emotions in movement kinematics of transporting actions, like moving an object from one to another place. However, it is still unknown whether they associate the manipulated object with the emotions contained in moving it, and whether they use this information to guide their own exploration of this object. In this study, 12‐month‐old infants watched actors transporting two toys with positive or negative emotional valence. Then, infants were given the possibility to interact with the same toys. We expected the infants to look at and touch the toy handled in a positive manner more, compared to the toy handled in a negative manner. Our results showed that infants looked at the positive toys more than at the negative toys, but that infants touched both toys for the same amount of time. Also, there was no difference in which toy they manually explored first.
Design, Preparation, and Ex Vivo Skin Permeation of Doxepin Microemulsion System for Topical Delivery
Authors: Kaydan Hossein Heidari , Moghimipour Eskandar , Dalvand Hossein , Jamali Nasibeh , Salimi Arghavan , Salimi Anayatollah 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundDoxepin (DX) is used orally to relieve itching but can cause side effects like blurred vision, dry mouth, and drowsiness due to its antimuscarinic effect. To reduce these adverse effects and improve skin permeation, DX is being developed in topical formulations. This study aims to improve DX skin absorption by developing a microemulsion (ME) formulation (ME‐DX).Method and MaterialsME formulations containing 5% DX were prepared using the phase diagram method with a mixture of essential oil (oleic acid), surfactant (Tween 80 and Labrazol), and cosurfactant (propylene glycol or PG). The physicochemical properties of these formulations were assessed to improve the topical application of DX.ResultsME droplet sizes ranged from 9.8 to 61.6 nm, with viscosities between 114 and 239 cps. Studies showed a significant correlation between DX release percentages and viscosity. ME‐DX‐2 released 46.51% of the drug after 24 h. Selected ME‐DX formulations demonstrated Weibull, Log Wagner, and zero‐order release kinetics, and improved skin permeability. ME‐DX‐8 exhibited an eightfold increase in Jss and P parameters compared to the control group. MEs maintained 99.9% of DX after 6 months without color changes or phase separation, indicating long‐term stability.ConclusionThis research demonstrates that altering the content and composition of MEs can change the physicochemical properties and permeability characteristics of DX when introduced into rats. Additionally, ME formulation shows promise as an effective vehicle for topical DX delivery in atopic dermatitis treatment.
It's Amazing – But Terrifying!: Unveiling the Combined Effect of Emotional and Cognitive Trust on Organizational Member' Behaviours, AI Performance, and Adoption
Authors: Vuori Natalia , Burkhard Barbara , Pitkäranta Leena 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe conducted a qualitative, real‐life study where we tracked the introduction, implementation, and use of a new AI technology in a company. We identified four distinct trust configurations among organizational members: full trust (high cognitive/high emotional), full distrust (low cognitive/low emotional), uncomfortable trust (high cognitive/low emotional), and blind trust (low cognitive/high emotional). Furthermore, we found that organizational members exhibited distinct behaviours under the four trust configurations: Some responded by detailing their digital footprints, while others engaged in manipulating, confining, or withdrawing them. These behaviours triggered a ‘vicious cycle’, where biased (due to manipulation) and unbalanced and asymmetric (due to detailing, confining, or withdrawing) data inputs degraded AI performance, further eroding trust and stalling adoption. Our primary contribution is a model that explains how organizational members behave under different trust configurations and how these behaviours affect AI performance and, ultimately, AI adoption in organizations. We also provide valuable insights for managers.