bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shared decision‐making in scaling and root planing
Authors: Verdugo José , Laughter Lory , Chambers David W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionEstimate proportion of various approaches used by dental hygienists for engaging patients in decisions commonly arising during scaling and root planing. Distribution of approaches was compared across various task components in this procedure, practice experience of dental hygienists and patient compliance.Materials and MethodsSurvey of graduates from and students in a baccalaureate dental hygiene program.ResultsPaternalism (tell then do) and informed consent (give choices and reasons and ask for permission) were more common than shared decision‐making (discuss alternatives, solicit patient input and arrive at a mutual decision) and disengagement (patient refusing offered service or avoiding further involvement) by a ratio of 4 to 1 for the first 2 compared with the latter 2. This relationship was held across selecting treatment, procedural adjuncts, homecare instructions and financial arrangements. Dental hygienists exhibited a range of personal preferences for engagement approaches. No‐show rate, patient disengagement outside the office, was high (20%).ConclusionDental hygienists reported using ‘more controlled’ approaches to engaging patients in decisions regarding treatment. Patients may prefer to engage in more shared decisions and choose this approach by staying away from the office. This may underestimate patients' decisions to stay away from treatment, for example by not showing for completion of the treatment or disregarding homecare routines.
Learning in conversation—A feasibility pilot study involving dental students and older people
Authors: Gallagher Jennifer E. , Awojobi Oluwatunmise , Ahilan Abayen , Al Dahwy Ali , Faryabi‐Araghi Kiarash , Hassan Vania , Hills Ross , Khan Pippasha , Kwaskowski Timothy , Li Guanhong , Tinker Anthea 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionOlder people represent a growing proportion of the population in most high‐income countries. The impact of oral diseases on health and well‐being is far‐reaching, and future graduates should be able to meet their needs in this phase of life. This research tested the feasibility of involving dental students in direct community engagement to explore older peoples' oral health concerns and information needs.Materials and MethodsSeventeen older people were recruited locally to attend workshops with eight dental students in a health and well‐being centre. First, older people selected oral health‐related topics important to them, raising relevant questions and concerns. Students provided evidence‐informed feedback on these selected topics at a subsequent workshop. Participants (students and older people) reflected on their involvement (via questionnaires, discussions and personal reflections). Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. The structure, process and outcome of the study were explored.ResultsStructure: Both students and older people were willing to participate in workshops. Workshops in the community facilitated active engagement between both groups without the constraints of clinics. Process: Students considered pre‐workshop preparations adequate but raised issues about their ability to manage ‘strong characters’ within discussion groups. Outcome: Older people welcomed the initiative. Important topics raised by them were addressed by students giving them advice on maintaining their oral health. Students reported an improved understanding of how older people can be supported and expected a significant impact on future practice.ConclusionStudent involvement in direct community engagement was welcomed by all, demonstrating the feasibility and positive impact of the design whilst highlighting issues of importance for older people's oral health.
The challenge of selecting an appropriate soil organic carbon simulation model: A comprehensive global review and validation assessment
Authors: Garsia Agata , Moinet Antoine , Vazquez Carmen , Creamer Rachel E. , Moinet Gabriel Y. K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPromotion of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration as a potential solution to support climate change mitigation as well as more sustainable farming systems is rising steeply. As a result, voluntary carbon markets are rapidly expanding in which farmers get paid per tons of carbon dioxide sequestered. This market relies on protocols using simulation models to certify that increases in SOC stocks do indeed occur and generate tradable carbon credits. This puts tremendous pressure on SOC simulation models, which are now expected to provide the foundation for a reliable global carbon credit generation system. There exist an incredibly large number SOC simulation models which vary considerably in their applicability and sensitivity. This confronts practitioners and certificate providers with the critical challenge of selecting the models that are appropriate to the specific conditions in which they will be applied. Model validation and the context of said validation define the boundaries of applicability of the model, and are critical therefore to model selection. To date, however, guidelines for model selection are lacking. In this review, we present a comprehensive review of existing SOC models and a classification of their validation contexts. We found that most models are not validated (71%), and out of those validated, validation contexts are overall limited. Validation studies so far largely focus on the global north. Therefore, countries of the global south, the least emitting countries that are already facing the most drastic consequences of climate change, are the most poorly supported. In addition, we found a general lack of clear reporting, numerous flaws in model performance evaluation, and a poor overall coverage of land use types across countries and pedoclimatic conditions. We conclude that, to date, SOC simulation does not represent an adequate tool for globally ensuring effectiveness of SOC sequestration effort and ensuring reliable carbon crediting.
Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) Medals and Awards celebration 2023
Authors: Clifford Nigel , Mitchell Andrew , Driver Felix , Mackay Anson , Barlow Jos , Fraser Harriet , Castree Noel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) annual Medals and Awards recognise achievements in researching, communicating, and teaching a wide range of geographical knowledge. The speeches and citations are a record of the 2023 celebrations, which occurred at the Society on 5 June 2023, with contributions from Andrew Mitchell, Felix Driver, Anson Mackay, Jos Barlow, Harriet Fraser, and Noel Castree.
Presidential address and record of the Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) AGM 2023
Authors: Clifford Nigel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the Society's AGM, the President of the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) Nigel Clifford offered some thoughts on the current state of geography and the Society. In particular he reflected on the fact that it is a great time for geography and to be a geographer, on the health of the Society, and offered some thank yous and reflections on his upcoming final year.
Determinants of adherence and consequences of the transition from adolescence to adulthood among young people with severe haemophilia (TRANSHEMO): A multicentric French national observational cross‐sectional study based on the FranceCoag registry
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Anh Thu , Auquier Pascal , Beltran Anzola Any , Harroche Annie , Castet Sabine , Huguenin Yoann , Meunier Sandrine , Repesse Yohann , D'Oiron Roseline , Rauch Antoine , Desprez Dominique , Spiegel Alexandra , Chamouni Pierre , Schneider Pascale , Baumstarck Karine , Boucekine Mohamed , Tabele Clémence , Viprey Marie , Leroy Tanguy , Roques Marie‐Anaïs , Sannie Thomas , Giraud Nicolas , Chambost Hervé , Resseguier Noémie ,   the TRANSHEMO Study group
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionIt is necessary to gain insights into adherence to healthcare in people with severe haemophilia (PwSH), especially during the transition from paediatric to adult care, which is an important phase in lives of young people with childhood chronic disease. This adherence can be considered as a marker of successful transition.ObjectivesThe main objective of the quantitative phase of the TRANSHEMO project was to compare the adherence to healthcare between adolescents and young adults (YAs) with severe haemophilia. The secondary objective was to identify the determinants (facilitators and barriers) of this adherence and associations between these determinants.MethodsA multicentre, observational, cross‐sectional study was conducted in 2017–2019 on PwSH aged between 14 and 17 years (adolescents) or between 20 and 29 years (YAs), included in the FranceCoag registry and having completed the questionnaires. The adherence to healthcare (treatment regimens and clinical follow‐up) was compared between adolescents and YAs using the chi‐squared test. The determinants of this adherence were analysed by structural equation modelling.ResultsThere were 277 participants, 107 adolescents, and 170 YAs. The rate of adolescents adhering to healthcare was 82.2%, while the rate of YAs was 61.2% (p < .001). The barriers to the adherence to healthcare were being YA, having repeated at least one school grade and presenting mental health concerns.ConclusionAdolescents had better adherence to healthcare than YAs. According to the determinants enlightened in this project, targeted supportive strategies and adapted therapeutic education programs can be developed for young PwSH to facilitate their adherence to healthcare.
The engagement of older people living with chronic lung disease in a peer support community‐based exercise programme: A qualitative study
Authors: Middleton Rebekkah , Metusela Christine , Marriott‐Statham Kelly , Ferguson Caleb , Davidson Patricia M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic lung disease is a common and complex condition. Pulmonary rehabilitation programmes—either hospital‐based or in the community are recommended in evidence‐based clinical practice guidelines.AimTo explore the experience of older people with chronic lung disease involved in a peer support community‐based exercise maintenance programme.Design and MethodParticipants were a part of the Lungs in Action programme run in a local community leisure centre through Lung Foundation Australia. All the programme participants (n = 25) were invited by an independent person through email and/or letter to participate in the study and provided with a participant information and consent form. Participants who returned consent forms were scheduled for group interviews. Participants were recruited over a 2‐week period between 30 August and 13 September 2022. We conducted qualitative group interviews using a semi‐structured interview guide to explore the experiences of older people living with chronic lung disease. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsA total of 14 participants (eight female and six male) aged between 64 and 86 years were interviewed. Three themes emerged from the data: motivation, authentic social engagement, and sustainable achievement. Motivation stemmed from the participants' perceived health benefits, and from the trainers' motivation and encouragement. Participants discussed how sharing experiences created an environment of trust and understanding, fun and friendship. Social engagement and creating authentic relationships were key aspects raised by participants. Feeling more confident in themselves and being able to accomplish physical tasks, making activities of daily living more manageable featured highly in participants' responses.Discussion and ConclusionCommunity‐based peer support exercise groups enable environments for people with chronic lung disease to maintain physical fitness, and to connect with others to form friendships and have fun.
Genomic tools for comparative conservation genetics among three recently diverged stag beetles (Lucanus, Lucanidae)
Authors: De Vivo Mattia , Chou Min‐Hsun , Wu Shu‐Ping , Kuan Yi‐Hsiu , Chen Wei‐Yun , Wang Liang‐Jong , Morgan Brett , Phang Guan‐Jie , Huang Jen‐Pan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We are witnessing a rapid decline in global biodiversity. International protocols and local conservation laws have been installed to counter such an unprecedent rate of decline.
However, quantitatively evaluating how much biodiversity has been lost due to climatic and anthropogenic effects and how much biodiversity has been restored due to conservation efforts remains challenging.
We applied a comparative conservation genomic approach to statistically and quantitatively address these questions using three geographical taxa from a stag beetle species complex.
We found that the three sky‐island taxa formed three independently evolving units without detectable post‐divergence gene flow; furthermore, the three taxa, which have been divergent from each other since the mid‐Pleistocene, have experienced episodes of demographic decline in the past.
More importantly, even though idiosyncratic anthropogenic exploitations have been hypothesised to impact the recent demographic history (<100 years) differently, we found a shared pattern of continuous decline in effective population size among the three geographical taxa.
We argue that future empirical studies should include more taxa, in addition to the focal species, that may or may not be affected by the focal historical events to avoid making biased conservation plans.
Effect of nano∖micro‐textures on the enhancement of tool wear resistance in green ceramics processing
Authors: Liu Yayun , Zhang Kedong , Zhu Qi , Wang Chuanyang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe processing of green ceramics aims to obtain parts with complex shapes and good surface quality. This paper prepared tools with micro/nano‐textured flank face by femtosecond laser to improve the cutting performance in processing of Al2O3 green ceramics. The wear resistance of cutting tools and characteristics of machined compacts are analyzed. Results shows that textures can improve the wear resistance of cutting tools and surface quality of green ceramics. Micro/nano‐textured tools own the best cutting performance, the improvement rate of wear resistance and surface roughness can reach 28.5% and 25% respectively. The reasonable mechanisms are explained by the storage of powder chips and the derivative‐cutting phenomenon by textures. The derivative‐cutting behavior can prevent cutting tool from severe abrasive wear by hard phase particles. The storage function prevents the powder chips from scratching the unworn surface of cutting tools, and the additional scratching of the machined surface by the hard phase particles is reduced. The two functions contribute to the improvement of cutting performance of micro/nano‐textured tools.
Bath psoralen plus ultraviolet‐A photochemotherapy for chronic graft‐versus‐host disease: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kassem Riad , Barzilai Aviv , Pras Elon , Sizopoulou Christina , Pavlotsky Felix 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic graft‐versus‐host disease is a severe complication of allogeneic stem cell and bone marrow transplantation. First‐line immunosuppressive agents, such as steroids, are used to prevent this disease; however, they have multiple side effects. Therefore, bath psoralen plus ultraviolet‐A (PUVA) is an alternative second‐line treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of bath PUVA for managing chronic graft‐versus‐host disease.MethodsThis retrospective, case–control study included 14 patients with extensive cutaneous chronic graft‐versus‐host disease, resistant to systemic corticosteroid, treated with bath PUVA. Major and partial responses were defined as clinical improvements of >70% and 50–70%, respectively. We analyzed the graft‐versus‐host disease clinical presentation and timing after allogeneic stem cell and bone marrow transplantation, bath PUVA doses, background diseases, additional treatments, and adverse effects.ResultsWe observed eight major (three lichenoid and five sclerodermatoid) and six partial (three lichenoid and three sclerodermatoid) responses after a mean of 28 treatment sessions. After 6 to 25 months, four of the eight patients with sclerodermatoid lesions and all those with lichenoid lesions experienced relapse but responded to additional treatment cycles.ConclusionsBath PUVA is well‐tolerated and effective for extensive cutaneous chronic graft‐versus‐host disease. It allows rapid tapering of adjuvant immunosuppressants; however, most patients require prolonged maintenance phototherapy.
Interference of bovine hemoglobin‐based oxygen carrier‐201 (Hemopure) on four hematology analyzers
Authors: Bronkhorst‐van der Helm Marinke W. , Weerkamp Floor , Huisman Albert , Huisman Elise J. , Russcher Henk 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionHemoglobin‐based oxygen carriers, for example HBOC‐201 (Hemopure), are aimed to bridge acute anemia when blood transfusion is not available or refused by the patient. However, since HBOC‐201 appears free in plasma, it interferes with laboratory tests. This study presents an overview of HBOC‐201 interference on four commonly used hematology analyzers and suggests treatment monitoring possibilities.MethodsBlood samples were spiked with therapeutic doses of HBOC‐201 and nine hematology parameters were measured with the Sysmex XN‐20, Siemens Advia 2120i, Abbott Alinity Hq and Abbot Cell Dyn Sapphire hematology analyzers. The results were compared to control samples and the bias was determined.ResultsMost parameters, including all cell counts, hematocrit and MCV, showed a non‐significant bias compared to control. However, the standard, total hemoglobin (Hb) measurement as well as MCH and MCHC showed poor agreement with control, as HBOC‐201 was included in this measurement. Yet, the flow cytometry‐based Hb method quantified intracellular Hb in spiked samples, excluding HBOC‐201.ConclusionOf all included hematology parameters, only total Hb and the associated MCH and MCHC suffered from interference. In contrast, the flow cytometry‐based Hb measurement provided an accurate measure of intracellular Hb. The difference between total Hb and cellular Hb represents the HBOC‐201 concentration and can be used to monitor HBOC‐201 treatment.
Per‐oral endoscopic myotomy in cases with prior Heller's myotomy: Outcomes at a median follow‐up of 5 years
Authors: Nabi Zaheer , Ramchandani Mohan , Basha Jahangeer , Inavolu Pradev , Kotla Rama , Goud Rajesh , Darisetty Santosh , Reddy Duvvur Nageshwar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimPer‐oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is an established treatment for achalasia cardia. However, data on the long‐term efficacy of POEM in patients with failed Heller's myotomy (HM) are limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long‐term outcomes of POEM in patients with persistent or recurrent symptoms following HM.MethodsData of patients with recurrence of symptoms after HM who underwent POEM (September 2013 to December 2022) were analyzed, retrospectively. Primary outcome was clinical success [Eckardt score (ES) ≤ 3]. Secondary outcomes included improvement of manometry parameters, barium emptying at 5 min and gastroesophageal reflux (esophagitis and increased esophageal acid exposure) after POEM.ResultsSeventy‐two cases (45.9 ± 13.4 years, 43 men) with history of HM were included in the study. The subtypes of achalasia were type 1 (40.3%), type 2 (37.5%), and unknown (19.4%). Prior treatment included HM in 48 (66.7%), HM plus pneumatic dilatation in 20 (27.8%), and HM plus pneumatic dilatation and Botox in 4 (5.5%). Technical success was achieved in all cases. Mean length of myotomy was 10.7 ± 3.3 cm, and mean procedure duration was 59.2 ± 25.9 min. There was significant improvement in ES (pre‐POEM 6.5 ± 1.8 vs post‐POEM 0.7 ± 0.7), lower esophageal sphincter pressure pressures (31.7 ± 12.5 vs 13.3 ± 5.7 mmHg) and barium emptying (14.2 ± 4.2 vs 2.4 ± 3.1 cm) after POEM. At a median follow‐up of 63 months (IQR 40–95), clinical success (ES ≤ 3) was documented in 58 (80.6%) patients. Reflux esophagitis and increased esophageal acid exposure were recorded in 28 of 49 (57.1%) and 11 of 20 (55%) patients, respectively.ConclusionPOEM is a durable treatment modality in cases with relapse of symptoms after HM.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms in people living with dementia receiving home health services
Authors: Lassell Rebecca K. F. , Lin Shih‐Yin , Convery Kimberly , Fletcher Jason , Chippendale Tracy , Jones Tessa , Durga Aditi , Galvin James E. , Rupper Randall W. , Brody Abraham A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to describe neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) among people living with dementia (PLWD) from diverse racial and ethnic groups receiving home health services while accounting for dementia severity, individual symptom prevalence, and neighborhood disadvantage.MethodsA prospective study using cross‐sectional data from n = 192 PLWD receiving skilled home healthcare in New Jersey enrolled in the Dementia Symptom Management at Home Program trial. We prospectively measured symptom prevalence with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire and dementia severity using the Quick Dementia Rating System. A one‐way ANOVA determined NPS prevalence by dementia severity (mild, moderate, severe). Fisher's exact tests were used to assess the association of individual symptom prevalence with race and ethnicity and cross tabs to descriptively stratify individual symptom prevalence by dementia severity among groups. A Pearson correlation was performed to determine if a correlation existed among neighborhood disadvantages measured by the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) state decile scores and NPS prevalence and severity.ResultsParticipants identified as non‐Hispanic White (50%), non‐Hispanic Black (30%), or Hispanic (13%). NPS were prevalent in 97% of participants who experienced 5.4 ± 2.6 symptoms with increased severity (10.8 ± 6.6) and care partner distress (13.8 ± 10.8). NPS increased with dementia severity (p = 0.004) with the greatest difference seen between individuals with mild dementia (4.3 ± 2.3) versus severe dementia (5.9 ± 2.3; p = 0.002). Few differences were found in symptom prevalence by racial and ethnic sub‐groups. Nighttime behaviors were higher in non‐Hispanic Black (78%), compared with non‐Hispanic Whites (46%) with moderate dementia, p = 0.042. State ADI scores were not correlated with the number of NPS reported, or severity.ConclusionsNPS were prevalent and increased with dementia severity with commonalities among racial and ethnic groups with varying levels of neighborhood disadvantage. There is a need for effective methods for improving NPS identification, assessment, and management broadly for homebound PLWD.
Global Pricing of Carbon‐Transition Risk
Authors: BOLTON PATRICK , KACPERCZYK MARCIN 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTThe energy transition away from fossil fuels exposes companies to carbon‐transition risk. Estimating the market‐based premium associated with carbon‐transition risk in a cross section of 14,400 firms in 77 countries, we find higher stock returns associated with higher levels and growth rates of carbon emissions in all sectors and most countries. Carbon premia related to emissions growth are greater for firms located in countries with lower economic development, larger energy sectors, and less inclusive political systems. Premia related to emission levels are higher in countries with stricter domestic climate policies. The latter have increased with investor awareness about climate change risk.