bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous disseminated sporotrichosis associated with diabetes: A case report and literature review
Authors: Xia Xiujiao , Zhi Huilin , Liu Zehu 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundCutaneous disseminated sporotrichosis (CDS), also called hematogenous sporotrichosis, is a rare condition that usually affects immunocompromised patients. The current work presents the case of a woman with diabetes mellitus associated with CDS.Case presentationA 59-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus presented with a two-year history of ulcerated rashes on the left ankle and both sides of the jaw. Physical examination revealed three annular areas of erythematous and raised plaque with an ulcer over the left ankle and both sides of the jaw. Based on laboratory findings, elevated blood glucose concentration and decreased white cell count were observed.Sporothrix globosawas identified in the mycological culture of biopsied tissue from the three lesions and this was confirmed by DNA sequencing. The skin lesions healed after two-month itraconazole therapy.ConclusionsDiabetes is a risk factor for disseminated sporotrichosis, which may be induced by hematogeneous spread, repeated inoculation, or autoinoculation. This study raises awareness among clinicians, with regard to the notion that people with possibly altered immune function are potentially vulnerable to severe clinical forms of sporotrichosis.
A gender perspective on perceived causes of sick leave due to common mental disorders among young Swedish employees: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Olsson Caroline , Tinnerholm Ljungberg Helena , Björk Brämberg Elisabeth , Nybergh Lotta , Jensen Irene 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveCommon mental disorder (CMD) is the most common reason for sick leave among young employees in Sweden, with young women having a higher prevalence. There is a lack of studies focusing on young employees’ own perceptions of sick leave. The aim was twofold: to investigate 1) perceived causes of sick leave due to CMD among young employees, and 2) differences and similarities among women and men.MethodsUsing a qualitative design with an applied gender perspective enabled us to capture young employees’ gendered experiences and consider cultural and social aspects of their situations. We interviewed 13 women and 12 men (aged 20–29) with experience of being on sick leave and applied a conventional inductive content analysis.ResultsSix categories were identified: a) Being new to the labour market and the workplace; b) Want to prove themselves; c) To be exposed to poor working conditions; d) Relations at work; e) Being vulnerable; and f) Additional private life burdens.ConclusionThis study adds to the understanding of young employees’ perceived causes of sick leave due to CMD, by letting them share their experiences of events prior to sick leave connected to work and private life. Similarities and differences in women’s and men’s experiences were revealed. Overall, both young men and women describe a more pressured work situation for young women compared to their male counterparts, that young women take more social responsibility in private life and at work whereas men on the other hand find it harder to disclose mental health problems.
Lithology classification of igneous rocks using C-band and L-band dual-polarization SAR data
Authors: Guo Senmiao , Yang Changbao , Han Liguo , Feng Yuze , Zhao Jianming 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDistinguishing different kinds of igneous rocks is difficult because of their subtle differences. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is sensitive to rock surface morphology, which can help a lot in classification. Dual-pol SAR data have the advantages of low cost, but few articles are using only dual-pol SAR data for igneous rock classification. In this study, we explored the performance of dual-pol SAR data in distinguishing granitoid, tuff, and syenite porphyry. Backscatter coefficients, polarization decomposition parameters, and texture features from gray-level co-occurrence matrix extracted by Sentinel-1 or PALSAR were classified using several machine learning algorithms. The results are as follows. First, the texture information has greater potential for igneous rock classification, but the polarization decomposition parameters contribute less. Second, after comparing machine learning algorithms, AdaBoost algorithm has the highest overall accuracy for either C-band or L-band SAR data. C-band SAR data provide better classification results than L-band. Finally, tuff is the easiest igneous rock to be successfully classified, and L-band dual-pol SAR data have advantages in the discrimination of syenite porphyry. This study outlines the effectiveness of dual-pol SAR data for igneous rock classification, which will help to select SAR data of appropriate wavelengths for specific types of lithology discrimination.
Fatal heat stroke based on foudroyant irreversible multiple organ dysfunction in German summer
Authors: Lorenz Eric , Herold Joerg , Lodes Uwe , Meyer Frank 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Heat stroke is a serious condition that might lead from moderate organ impairment to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Appropriate diagnosis-finding, fast initiation of cooling and intensive care are key measures of the initial treatment. Scientific case report based on i) clinical experiences obtained in the clinical management of a particularly rare case and ii) selected references from the medical scientific literature.

Case presentation
We present a case of a young and healthy construction worker who suffered from an exertional heat stroke with a body core temperature exceeding 42 °C by previous several hour work at 35 °C ambient temperature. Heat stroke was associated with foudroyant, not reversible multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, in particular, early disturbed coagulation, microcirculatory, liver and respiratory failure, and subsequent fatal outcome despite immediate diagnosis-finding, rapid external cooling and expanded intensive care management.

Conclusions
Basic knowledge on an adequate diagnosis(-finding in time) and treatment of heat stroke is important for (almost each) physician in the summertime as well as is essential for the initiation of an appropriate management. Associated high morbidity and mortality rates indicate the need for implementation of standard operation protocols.
30 Jahre Vertrag von Maastricht
Authors: Issing Otmar 
Published: September 2023

Zusammenfassung
Mit der Ratifizierung durch alle Mitgliedstaaten der EU trat der Maastricht-Vertrag am 1. November 1993 in Kraft. Dieser Vertrag schuf die rechtliche Grundlage für die Errichtung einer Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion. Diese sollte spätestens am 1. Januar 1999 beginnen. Nach anfänglich 11 Mitgliedstaaten ist die Zahl der Mitglieder inzwischen auf 20 gestiegen. Mit weiteren ist zu rechnen, was für den Erfolg des Vorhabens spricht. Dem steht teils fundamentale Kritik entgegen. Wie Otmar Issing, der einstige Chefökonom der Deutschen Bundesbank sowie Gründungs-Chefvolkswirt der Europäischen Zentralbank, in diesem Beitrag schreibt, übersieht diese Kritik jedoch meist, dass jede alternative Weichenstellung ihre eigenen Konflikte und Probleme aufgewiesen hätte. Für die Weiterexistenz der Union spreche allein schon die Tatsache, dass die Politik sehr viel Kapital in das Vorhaben investiert habe.
Für eine menschenwürdige Ordnung
Authors: Horn Karen 
Published: September 2023

Zusammenfassung
Die Veröffentlichung der Briefe des bedeutenden deutschen Nationalökonomen Walter Eucken aus den Jahren 1907–1932 ist ein Ereignis. Wie Karen Horn in diesem kurzen Hinweis schreibt, bilden sie den Auftakt der lange ausstehenden Gesamtedition des Eucken’schen Werks – und der Nachlass birgt noch weitere Schätze. Gleichzeitig ist nun auch die erste Eucken-Biographie erschienen. Beide Bücher bieten tiefe Einblicke in die geistige Verwurzelung und Entwicklung eines Gelehrten in dramatischer Zeit. Sein Erbe ist bis heute von großer Bedeutung.
Modification of the structure and properties of oxide layers on aluminium alloys: A review
Authors: Korzekwa Joanna 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Aluminium alloys are a material that is increasingly used in industry. This is due to very good strength properties with low specific weight and low production costs. The disadvantage of kinematic system aluminium elements is their surface’s susceptibility to adhesive wear. One method of eliminating the adverse impact of adhesive tacks on the surfaces of cooperating aluminium components of machinery is the application of the method based on the anodic oxidation of alloys surface. The layers obtained by this method are widely used in sliding connections of kinematic machine parts. The modification of anodic oxide layers with admixtures has been an uninterrupted area of interest since the 1990s. This article is a review of selected methods of modifying the structure and properties of aluminium oxide layers on aluminium alloys.
Donald Trump, anti-establishment populism and the revolving door between business and politics in the United States
Authors: Kinderman Daniel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Revolving door dynamics are pervasive in the United States. There are vast literatures on the revolving door and on Donald Trump, but so far, no attempts to bring these literatures together. This paper represents a first attempt to do so and answer the following questions: Can Trump’s rise be understood as a culmination of revolving door dynamics, under which managers become politicians and politicians become lobbyists? What motivated Trump to revolve, and how has Trump’s presidency affected the revolving door? The paper places Trump into the context of the revolving door and compares him with previous presidents and presidential candidates. In recent decades, revolving door activity has increased. While this suggests that the revolving door paved the way for Trump, a close examination of the evidence reveals a more complex picture. Many American businesspeople have unsuccessfully run for president. Like the businessmen-turned-presidents who preceded him, Trump is a family businessman, not a manager or a CEO of a listed company. A multitude of additional factors contributed to Trump’s 2016 win including his status as a reality TV celebrity, his charisma, and his right-wing populism: Trump is from business but not from the business establishment. In addition, Trump revolved from business into politics, rather than from Capitol Hill to K Street. Candidate Trump railed against the revolving door and pledged to drain the swamp. President Trump swamped the drain and precipitated one of the most serious crises and threats to American democracy in the country’s history.
Two-Step Actions of Testicular Androgens in the Organization of a Male-Specific Neural Pathway from the Medial Preoptic Area to the Ventral Tegmental Area for Modulating Sexually Motivated Behavior
Authors: Morishita Masahiro , Kobayashi Kaito , Mitsuzuka Moeri , Takagi Ryo , Ono Kota , Momma Rami , Tsuneoka Yousuke , Horio Shuhei , Tsukahara Shinji 
Published: September 2023

The medial preoptic area (MPOA) is a sexually dimorphic region of the brain that regulates social behaviors. The sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN) of the MPOA has been studied to understand sexual dimorphism, although the anatomy and physiology of the SDN is not fully understood. Here, we characterized SDN neurons that contribute to sexual dimorphism and investigated the mechanisms underlying the emergence of such neurons and their roles in social behaviors. A target-specific neuroanatomical study using transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control ofCalb1, a gene expressed abundantly in the SDN, revealed that SDN neurons are divided into two subpopulations, GABA neurons projecting to the ventral tegmental area (VTA), where they link to the dopamine system (CalbVTAneurons), and GABA neurons that extend axons in the MPOA or project to neighboring regions (CalbnonVTAneurons). CalbVTAneurons were abundant in males, but were scarce or absent in females. There was no difference in the number of CalbnonVTAneurons between sexes. Additionally, we found that emergence of CalbVTAneurons requires two testicular androgen actions that occur first in the postnatal period and second in the peripubertal period. Chemogenetic analyses of CalbVTAneurons indicated a role in modulating sexual motivation in males. Knockdown ofCalb1in the MPOA reduced the intromission required for males to complete copulation. These findings provide strong evidence that a male-specific neural pathway from the MPOA to the VTA is organized by the two-step actions of testicular androgens for the modulation of sexually motivated behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe MPOA is a sexually dimorphic region of the brain that regulates social behaviors, although its sexual dimorphism is not fully understood. Here, we describe a population of MPOA neurons that contribute to the sexual dimorphism. These neurons only exist in masculinized brains, and they project their axons to the ventral tegmental area, where they link to the dopamine system. Emergence of such neurons requires two testicular androgen actions that occur first in the postnatal period and second in the peripubertal period. These MPOA neurons endow masculinized brains with a neural pathway from the MPOA to the ventral tegmental area and modulate sexually motivated behavior in males.
Temporal Dynamics of Brain Activity Predicting Sense of Agency over Muscle Movements
Authors: Veillette John P. , Lopes Pedro , Nusbaum Howard C. 
Published: September 2023

Our muscles are the primary means through which we affect the external world, and the sense of agency (SoA) over the action through those muscles is fundamental to our self-awareness. However, SoA research to date has focused almost exclusively on agency over action outcomes rather than over the musculature itself, as it was believed that SoA over the musculature could not be manipulated directly. Drawing on methods from human–computer interaction and adaptive experimentation, we use human-in-the-loop Bayesian optimization to tune the timing of electrical muscle stimulation so as to robustly elicit a SoA over electrically actuated muscle movements in male and female human subjects. We use time-resolved decoding of subjects' EEG to estimate the time course of neural activity which predicts reported agency on a trial-by-trial basis. Like paradigms which assess SoA over action consequences, we found that the late (post-conscious) neural activity predicts SoA. Unlike typical paradigms, however, we also find patterns of early (sensorimotor) activity with distinct temporal dynamics predicts agency over muscle movements, suggesting that the “neural correlates of agency” may depend on the level of abstraction (i.e., direct sensorimotor feedback versus downstream consequences) most relevant to a given agency judgment. Moreover, fractal analysis of the EEG suggests that SoA-contingent dynamics of neural activity may modulate the sensitivity of the motor system to external input.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe sense of agency, the feeling of “I did that,” when directing one's own musculature is a core feature of human experience. We show that we can robustly manipulate the sense of agency over electrically actuated muscle movements, and we investigate the time course of neural activity that predicts the sense of agency over these actuated movements. We find evidence of two distinct neural processes: a transient sequence of patterns that begins in the early sensorineural response to muscle stimulation and a later, sustained signature of agency. These results shed light on the neural mechanisms by which we experience our movements as volitional.
Glial Cell Adhesion Molecule (GlialCAM) Determines Proliferative versus Invasive Cell States in Glioblastoma
Authors: De Arpan , Lattier John M. , Morales John E. , Kelly Jack R. , Zheng Xiaofeng , Chen Zhihua , Sebastian Sumod , Nassiri Toosi Zahra , Huse Jason T. , Lang Frederick F. , McCarty Joseph H. 
Published: September 2023

The malignant brain cancer glioblastoma (GBM) contains groups of highly invasive cells that drive tumor progression as well as recurrence after surgery and chemotherapy. The molecular mechanisms that enable these GBM cells to exit the primary mass and disperse throughout the brain remain largely unknown. Here we report using human tumor specimens and primary spheroids from male and female patients that glial cell adhesion molecule (GlialCAM), which has normal roles in brain astrocytes and is mutated in the developmental brain disorder megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC), is differentially expressed in subpopulations of GBM cells. High levels of GlialCAM promote cell–cell adhesion and a proliferative GBM cell state in the tumor core. In contrast, GBM cells with low levels of GlialCAM display diminished proliferation and enhanced invasion into the surrounding brain parenchyma. RNAi-mediated inhibition of GlialCAM expression leads to activation of proinvasive extracellular matrix adhesion and signaling pathways. Profiling GlialCAM-regulated genes combined with cross-referencing to single-cell transcriptomic datasets validates functional links among GlialCAM, Mlc1, and aquaporin-4 in the invasive cell state. Collectively, these results reveal an important adhesion and signaling axis comprised of GlialCAM and associated proteins including Mlc1 and aquaporin-4 that is critical for control of GBM cell proliferation and invasion status in the brain cancer microenvironment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGlioblastoma (GBM) contains heterogeneous populations of cells that coordinately drive proliferation and invasion. We have discovered that glial cell adhesion molecule (GlialCAM)/hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule (HepaCAM) is highly expressed in proliferative GBM cells within the tumor core. In contrast, GBM cells with low levels of GlialCAM robustly invade into surrounding brain tissue along blood vessels and white matter. Quantitative RNA sequencing identifies various GlialCAM-regulated genes with functions in cell–cell adhesion and signaling. These data reveal that GlialCAM and associated signaling partners, including Mlc1 and aquaporin-4, are key factors that determine proliferative and invasive cell states in GBM.
Defective branched‐chain amino acid catabolism in dorsal root ganglia contributes to mechanical pain
Authors: Xie Huijing , Li Ju , Lian Nan , Xie Min , Wu Minming , Tang Kuo , Kang Yi , Lu Peilin , Li Tao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractImpaired branched‐chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism has recently been implicated in the development of mechanical pain, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here, we report that defective BCAA catabolism in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons sensitizes mice to mechanical pain by increasing lactate production and expression of the mechanotransduction channel Piezo2. In high‐fat diet‐fed obese mice, we observed the downregulation of PP2Cm, a key regulator of the BCAA catabolic pathway, in DRG neurons. Mice with conditional knockout of PP2Cm in DRG neurons exhibit mechanical allodynia under normal or SNI‐induced neuropathic injury conditions. Furthermore, the VAS scores in the plasma of patients with peripheral neuropathic pain are positively correlated with BCAA contents. Mechanistically, defective BCAA catabolism in DRG neurons promotes lactate production through glycolysis, which increases H3K18la modification and drives Piezo2 expression. Inhibition of lactate production or Piezo2 silencing attenuates the pain phenotype of knockout mice in response to mechanical stimuli. Therefore, our study demonstrates a causal role of defective BCAA catabolism in mechanical pain by enhancing metabolite‐mediated epigenetic regulation.
Turning up the heat on essential E. coli genes
Authors: Kumar Arun , Stirling Peter C 
Published: September 2023

Temperature‐sensitive (TS) alleles create tunable thermoswitches to deplete essential cellular activities and are used to dissect gene function. In their recent study, Link and colleagues (Schramm et al 2023) use a CRISPR‐based approach to systematically create TS alleles across essential genes in E. coli.
Low-Carbohydrate Diets in Children and Adolescents With or at Risk for Diabetes
Authors: Neyman Anna , Hannon Tamara S. ,   COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION, Corkins Mark R. , Blanco Cynthia L. , Fuchs George J. , Goday Praveen S. , Hannon Tamara S. , Lindsey C. Wesley , Rome Ellen S. , Bremer Andrew , Lotze Andrea , Perrine Cria , Sant’Anna Ana , Funanich Cheryl , Burrowes Debra L. 
Published: September 2023

Carbohydrate restriction is increasingly popular as a weight loss strategy and for achieving better glycemic control in people with diabetes, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, evidence to support low-carbohydrate diets in youth (children and adolescents 2–18 years of age) with obesity or diabetes is limited. There are no guidelines for restricting dietary carbohydrate consumption to reduce risk for diabetes or improve diabetes outcomes in youth. Thus, there is a need to provide practical recommendations for pediatricians regarding the use of low-carbohydrate diets in patients who elect to follow these diets, including those with type 1 diabetes and for patients with obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes.
This clinical report will: Provide background on current dietary patterns in youth, describe how moderate-, low-, and very low-carbohydrate diets differ, and review safety concerns associated with the use of these dietary patternsReview the physiologic rationale for carbohydrate reduction in youth with type 1 diabetes and for youth with obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetesReview the evidence for low-carbohydrate diets in the management of youth with type 1 diabetesReview the evidence for low-carbohydrate diets in the management of youth with obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetesProvide practical information for pediatricians counseling families and youth on carbohydrate recommendations for type 1 diabetes and for obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes