bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Scientific Society for the Clinical Study of Human Microbiome, of the Russian Gastroenterological Association and the Russian Society for the Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases on the Diagnosis and Treatment of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> (<i>C. difficile</i>)-associated Disease in Adults
Authors: Ivashkin V. T. , Lyashenko O. S. , Drapkina O. M. , Alexeeva O. P. , Alekseenko S. A. , Andreev D. N. , Baranovsky A. Yu. , Goloshchapov O. V. , Zheleznova N. V. , Zolnikova O. Yu. , Kliaritskaia I. L. , Korochanskaya N. V. , Lapina T. L. , Maev I. V. , Maslennikov R. V. , Myazin R. G. , Pavlov P. V. , Perekalina M. V. , Pisarenko N. A. , Povtoreyko A. V. , Poluektova E. A. , Sekretareva L. A. , Tkachev A. V. , Troshkina Yu. M. , Trukhmanov A. S. , Ulyanin A. I. , Filatova S. G. , Tsukanov V. V. , Shifrin O. S. 
Published: September 2023

Аim: the clinical practice guidelines intended for gastroenterologists, internal medicine specialists, infectious disease specialists, general practitioners (family doctors), coloproctologists, surgeons and endoscopists present modern methods of diagnosis, prevention and treatment of C. difficile-associated disease.Key points. C. difficile-associated disease is a disease that develops when the diversity of the intestinal microbiota decreases and C. difficile excessively colonizes the colon, the toxins of which damage the intestinal muco-epithelial barrier, followed by the development of inflammation in the colon wall, with diarrhea being a characteristic clinical manifestation. The clinical presentation of the disease can vary from asymptomatic carriage, mild to moderate diarrhea that resolves on its own, to profuse watery diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis with development of life-threatening complications. The diagnosis of C. difficile-associated disease is based on an assessment of the clinical presentation, medical history, an objective examination of the patient and laboratory stool tests. The disease severity is determined by clinical symptoms and laboratory findings. Additional diagnostic methods that are used according to indications and contribute to the assessment of severity include endoscopy of the colon and abdominal cavity imaging methods. Treatment should be initiated in cases of characteristic clinical presentation of C. difficile-associated disease and positive laboratory stool testing. The choice of drug and treatment regimen depends on the severity of the episode, the presence of complications, and whether the episode is initial, recurrent, or reinfection.Conclusion. Determination of target groups of patients for the diagnosis of clostridial infection is important in preventing overdiagnosis and subsequent unnecessary treatment. Timely diagnosis and treatment of C. difficile-associated disease help avoiding the development of life-threatening complications and improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients.
Structural and Metabolic Retinal Changes Associated With Mild Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Pedersen Frederik N. , Stokholm Lonny , Lois Noemi , Yang Dawei , Cheung Carol Y. , Biessels Geert Jan , Exalto Lieza , Simó Rafael , Peto Tunde , Pouwer Frans , Grauslund Jakob 
Published: September 2023

Type 2 diabetes is associated with cognitive impairment and a twofold increased risk of dementia compared with age-matched individuals without diabetes. Given that the eye and the brain share similar embryologic origin and anatomical features, the retina offers a unique window to the brain. In this study, we wanted to determine whether there was a difference in retinal imaging–based neuronal and vascular markers in individuals with type 2 diabetes with or without mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We included 134 persons with type 2 diabetes. Based on neuropsychological tests, the prevalence of MCI was 28%. We performed seven-field color fundus photos, optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT-angiography (OCT-A), and retinal oximetry to analyze retinal markers. In a multivariable cluster analysis, persons with MCI had a significantly thinner macular retinal nerve fiber layer and macular ganglion cell layer, and less venular oxygen saturation in the nasal quadrant compared with those without MCI. There were no differences in retinal vessel density, fractal dimension, width, tortuosity, or OCT-A markers. People with type 2 diabetes and MCI demonstrate alterations in retinal structure and metabolism, suggesting noninvasive retinal markers may be useful to detect people with type 2 diabetes at risk for cognitive dysfunction.

Article Highlights
Type 2 diabetes is associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Therefore, retinal and cerebral neurodegeneration may run in parallel. To assess whether there was a difference in retinal structure, vessel, and metabolic parameters in individuals with MCI. We found those with MCI had a thinner macular retinal nerve fiber layer, macular ganglion cell layer, and less venular oxygen saturation. We suggest noninvasive retinal markers may be useful to detect those at risk of cognitive dysfunction.
MAD2-Dependent Insulin Receptor Endocytosis Regulates Metabolic Homeostasis
Authors: Park Junhee , Hall Catherine , Hubbard Brandon , LaMoia Traci , Gaspar Rafael , Nasiri Ali , Li Fang , Zhang Hanrui , Kim Jiyeon , Haeusler Rebecca A. , Accili Domenico , Shulman Gerald I. , Yu Hongtao , Choi Eunhee 
Published: September 2023

Insulin activates insulin receptor (IR) signaling and subsequently triggers IR endocytosis to attenuate signaling. Cell division regulators MAD2, BUBR1, and p31comet promote IR endocytosis on insulin stimulation. Here, we show that genetic ablation of the IR-MAD2 interaction in mice delays IR endocytosis, increases IR levels, and prolongs insulin action at the cell surface. This in turn causes a defect in insulin clearance and increases circulating insulin levels, unexpectedly increasing glucagon levels, which alters glucose metabolism modestly. Disruption of the IR-MAD2 interaction increases serum fatty acid concentrations and hepatic fat accumulation in fasted male mice. Furthermore, disruption of the IR-MAD2 interaction distinctly changes metabolic and transcriptomic profiles in the liver and adipose tissues. Our findings establish the function of cell division regulators in insulin signaling and provide insights into the metabolic functions of IR endocytosis.

Article Highlights
The physiological role of IR endocytosis in insulin sensitivity remains unclear. Disruption of the IR-MAD2 interaction delays IR endocytosis and prolongs insulin signaling. IR-MAD2 controls insulin clearance and glucose metabolism. IR-MAD2 maintains energy homeostasis.
Association Between Health Insurance Type and Adverse Outcomes for Children and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes and Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Miyazaki Brian , Ebekozien Osagie , Rompicherla Saketh , Ohmer Amy , Guttman-Bauman Ines , Mucci Andrea , Guarneri Alissa , Raman Vandana , Smego Allison , Dickinson Jane K. 
Published: September 2023

Background
Health insurance coverage type differs significantly by socioeconomic status and racial group in the United States. The aim of this study was to determine whether publicly insured children and young adults with type 1 diabetes were more likely to experience adverse outcomes compared with privately insured patients with acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections.

Methods
Data from 619 patients with previously established type 1 diabetes who were &lt;24 years of age with acute COVID-19 infections were analyzed from the T1D Exchange COVID-19 surveillance registry. Data for the registry was collected from 52 endocrinology clinics across the United States using an online survey tool. Each site completed the survey using electronic health record data between April 2020 and December 2021.

Results
Of the 619 patients included in this study, 257 had public insurance and 362 had private insurance. Of the 257 publicly insured patients with COVID-19, 57 reported severe adverse outcomes (22%), defined as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or severe hypoglycemia. In comparison, there were 25 reported adverse outcomes (7%) among the 362 privately insured patients.

Conclusion
Our data reveal high rates of hospitalization and DKA among publicly insured racial/ethnic minority children and young adults with type 1 diabetes and COVID-19.
Impact of Internal Control Systems on Minimizing Fraud: The Case of Lebanon
Authors: Ghanem Mohamed Gaber , Awad Ghina 
Published: September 2023

Establishing reliable internal control systems in Lebanon is a challenge for businesses looking to reduce their vulnerability to fraud. The purpose of this research was to determine whether or not internal control measures were successful in reducing fraud in Lebanon’s commercial sector. The study polls 308 businesses to learn more about control methods such as division of responsibilities, audit frequency, and ethics education. The results illuminate the present status of internal controls in Lebanon, illuminating the country’s successes and failures in its efforts to prevent fraud. With the information from this research, businesses may improve their fraud prevention tactics and safeguard their assets in the Lebanese market. Keywords: Internal Control, Monitoring, Controlling Activities, Controlling Environment, Information & Communication
Consumer Preferences Towards Influencer Marketing in the Beauty Industry on Instagram and Youtube Platforms (Comparative Analysis)
Authors: Gregor Bogdan , Olejniczak Aneta 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to compare consumers’ preferences towards activities and content, published by beauty influencers, on Instagram and YouTube platforms. The motive behind embarking on this topic is to address the research gaps in the available literature and studies on this subject. Previous research works mainly concentrated on markets other than Polish or addressed topics in other contexts. To achieve the purpose of the paper, a study was conducted using a survey technique supported by an online questionnaire, on a sample of 146 individuals who use social media platforms. The survey results reveal that users in the beauty category are most likely to watch product reviews on both Instagram and YouTube platforms. Moreover, favourite products in the beauty category for Instagram users are facial care products, and for YouTube viewers, are makeup cosmetics.
Potensi Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca dari Pengolahan Air Limbah Domestik di Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) Bojongsoang, Kabupaten Bandung
Authors: Novia Fanny 
Published: September 2023

Greenhouse gas emissions potential of CH4 and CO2 from domestic wastewater treatment at WWTP Bojongsoang are emitted from wastewater treatment process in anaerobic pond, facultative pond and maturation pond each on Set A and Set B. Emission factor of CH4 and CO2 are based on IPCC standard and the value depends on type of treatment. Greenhouse gas as CO2e emission from each stage on Set A started from anaerobic pond was about 29.18 ton/day, from facultative pond was about 4.36 ton/day and from maturation pond was about 3.42 ton/day. Greenhouse gas as CO2e emission from each stage on Set B started from anaerobic pond was about 229.01 ton/day, from facultative pond was about 8.98 ton/day and from maturation pond was about 11.15 ton/day. Emissions of Set B was much higher than Set A due to different sampling day causing different initial concentration of COD. Initial concentration of COD on Set B was higher than on Set A. Total emissions of greenhouse gas from wastewater treatment in WWTP Bojongsoang was about 279.46 ton/day Keywords: greenhouse gas; wastewater treatment plant, emission, CO2e, pond ABSTRAK Potensi emisi gas rumah kaca CH4 dan CO2 dari pengolahan air limbah domestik di IPAL Bojongsoang dipancarkan dari proses pengolahan air limbah di kolam anaerobik, kolam fakultatif dan kolam maturasi masing-masing pada Set A dan Set B. Faktor emisi CH4 dan CO2 didasarkan pada standar IPCC dan nilainya tergantung pada jenis perawatan. Gas rumah kaca sebagai emisi CO2e dari setiap tahapan pada Set A mulai dari kolam anaerobik sebesar 29,18 ton/hari, dari kolam fakultatif sebesar 4,36 ton/hari dan dari kolam maturasi sebesar 3,42 ton/hari. Gas rumah kaca sebagai emisi CO2e dari setiap tahapan pada Set B mulai dari kolam anaerobik sebesar 229,01 ton/hari, dari kolam fakultatif sebesar 8,98 ton/hari dan dari kolam maturasi sebesar 11,15 ton/hari. Emisi Set B jauh lebih tinggi dari Set A karena hari pengambilan sampel yang berbeda menyebabkan konsentrasi awal COD yang berbeda. Konsentrasi awal COD pada Set B lebih tinggi dari pada Set A. Total emisi gas rumah kaca dari pengolahan air limbah di IPAL Bojongsoang adalah sekitar 279,46 ton/hari Kata kunci: gas rumah kaca; instalasi pengolahan air limbah, emisi, CO2e, kolam
Solid-Fuel Ramjet Regression Rate Measurements Using X-Ray Radiography and Ultrasonic Transducers
Authors: Evans Jay V. , Reid Brandon T. , Gejji Rohan M. , Slabaugh Carson D. 
Published: September 2023

The instantaneous fuel regression rate within a solid-fuel ramjet combustor was characterized using X-ray radiography and ultrasonic transducer measurements. Experiments were performed with cylindrical center-perforated hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene fuel grains at three mass fluxes ([Formula: see text]) with consistent inlet total temperatures and chamber pressures. Ultrasonic transducer measurements demonstrated changes of web thickness ranging from 7.50 to 9.85 mm and regression rate measurements ranging from 1.35 to [Formula: see text]. The local maxima of change in the web thickness due to flow reattachment and erosive burning were consistently measured with the ultrasonic transducers. Changes in the port radius on the order of 8–9 mm and regression rates of approximately [Formula: see text] were deduced from the X-ray radiography images. The structure of the flow reattachment region was evident in measurements from the X-ray radiography images captured near the combustor entrance, whereas images captured at the midlength of the combustor exhibited more uniform fuel regression profiles. Ultrasonic measurements of change in the web thickness were consistently greater in magnitude relative to X-ray radiography measurements. X-ray radiography imaging allowed for the more accurate measurement of fuel regression with the greatest axial spatial resolution, whereas ultrasonic transducer measurements yielded the greatest radial spatial resolution. The change in web thickness calculated with weight-based techniques yielded smaller-magnitude measurements of change in the web thickness relative to X-ray radiography. The regression rate was largely invariant with the mass flux within the investigated operating regime.
Hubungan Antara Teks dan Konteks dalam Iklan di Televisi
Authors: Maria Maria Cladina Nadeak , Rahayu Sri 
Published: September 2023

This research is motivated by the author's interest in advertising language. Where advertising is one of the communication tools used to attract consumen or invite the audience to buy a product. This is what interests the author to analyze the relationship between text and context in advertisements. The sentences contained in advertisements on television are used as a source of research, because in advertisements on television there are texts and contexts that are used to make it easier for audience to understand the intent or purpose of the advertisements they watch. This is intended so as not to be wrong in buying or consuming a product. The problem of this research is how is the relationship between text and context contained in advertisements on television. This study aims to determine the relationship of text and context in advertising on television. The data collected by the researcher will be described, analyzed, and concluded in detail so that it can be see how the relationship between text and context in television advertisements is. Researchers divides advertisements into three categories, namely advertisements for food products, beverage products and beauty products. The theory used in this study is the theory of the relationship between text and context proposed by Wijana and Rohmadi (2009). The method used is descriptive qualitative research method. The data sources of this study were obtained from advertisements that aired on television stations, namely: SCTV, RCTI, Trans 7, ANTV, TRANS TV, INDOSIAR, and GTV. The technique used is by listening to the advertisements that appear on television, then browsing on YouTube on the internet network to make it clearer in terms of sound, being able to repeat when observing the advertisement images, and making it easier to analyze the data. The results of the study indicate that there is an appropriate relationship between text (speech) and context (state/situation) in advertisements for food, beverage and beauty products. Where the text (speech) spoken is in accordance with the situation described. In addition to the relationship, this study also succeeded in finding food and beverage product advertisements where the text and context were not related. This is because the text (speech) is not in accordance with the context (state/situation) described. Finally, the research shows that there is an advertisement in which the text (speech) and context (state/situation) have no relationship. This is indicated by the text (speech) that is not in accordance with the context (state/situation) described.
Prinsip Kesantunan Dalam Acara Mata Najwa Di Youtube
Authors: Astuti Rahayu 
Published: September 2023

Kesantunan bertutur sangat penting untuk membuat penutur dan mitra tutur saling mengerti satu sama lain. Kalimat interogatif merupakan kalimat yang isinya menanyakan sesuatu kepada mitratuturnya.Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang prinsip kesantunan dalam acara Mata Najwa di Youtube. Masalah yang diteliti adalah(1) Bagaiman acara pembentukan tuturan interogatif dalam acara Mata Najwa di Youtube? Dan (2) Bagaimana maksim-maksim prinsip kesantunan dalam setiap cara pembentukan tuturan interogatif pada acara Mata Najwa di Youtube?. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Nadar (2009) dan Leech dalam Rahardi (2005).Sumber data penelitian ini adalah video Mata Najwa di Youtube tema “Vaksin Siapa Takut”, data penelitian ini adalah tuturan interogatif yang berjumlah 50 tuturan. Teknik pengumpulan yang digunakan teknik dokumentasi, teknik simak, dan teknik catat. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah ditraskripsikan dari bahasa lisan kebahasa tulis, dipilih tuturan yang dituturkan oleh pembawa acara, data dikelompokkan berdasarkan maksim kesantunan menurut teori, data disajikan dalam bentuk analisis data, lalu disajikan dalam bentuk interpresentasi data, dana data disimpulkan berdasarkan hasil penelitian. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah data cara pembentukan tuturan interogatif yaitu (1) tuturan interogatif dengan menambah kata “apa” atau “apakah”ditemukan 16tuturan; (2) tuturan interogatif dengan membalikkan urutan kata ditemukan 16 tuturan; (3) tuturanin terogatif dengan memakai kata “bukan” atau “tidak” ditemukan7 tuturan; (4) tuturan interogatif dengan mengubah intonasi kalimat ditemukan 12 tuturan; dan (5) tuturan interogatif dengan memakai kata tanya ditemukan 6 tuturan. Maksim-maksim kesantunan dalam cara pembentukan tuturan interogatif yang ditemukan adalah (1) maksim kebijaksanaan ditemukan 11 tuturan; (2) maksim kedermawanan ditemukan 1 tuturan; (3) maksim penghargaan tidak ditemukan tuturan; (4) maksim kesederhanaan tidak ditemukan tuturan; (5) maksim permuafakatan ditemukan 13 tuturan; dan (6) maksim kesimpatian ditemukan 6 tuturan.
Kata Kunci: Kesantunan, Interogatif, danMaksim
Urgensi penegakkan hukum terhadap tim escort ambulans dalam konteks lalu lintas kota Medan
Authors: Syah Muhammad Farhan , Lubis Syofiaty 
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan penegakkan hukum terhadap tindakan <em>Tim Escort </em> <em>Ambulance</em> di Kota Medan yang melanggar aturan lalu lintas berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2009 tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik wawancara digunakan sebagai metode utama untuk mengumpulkan data dalam penelitian ini. Wawancara dilakukan dengan 2 kelompok responden yang berbeda, yaitu <em>Tim Escort </em> <em>Ambulance</em> dan pengguna jalan raya. Jumlah informan dari <em>Tim Escort </em> <em>Ambulance</em> yakni 3 infroman. Sedangkan, kelompok pengguna jalan raya di kota medan berjumlah 3 orang. Proses analisis data dilakukan dalam tiga tahap, yakni mereduksi data, menyajikan data, dan menghasilkan kesimpulan atau melakukan verifikasi. Penelitian ini mengungkap kompleksitas tindakan Tim Escort Ambulance yang melanggar aturan lalu lintas untuk memberikan pertolongan medis darurat cepat. Mereka menekankan urgensi dalam situasi medis, terkadang mengakibatkan pelanggaran aturan. Dampaknya bervariasi, dengan beberapa pengguna jalan merasa terganggu. Respon pihak berwenang beragam, menyoroti perlunya kerja sama.Tim Escort Ambulance perlu mempertimbangkan dampaknya pada masyarakat dan fokus pada keselamatan. Pengguna jalan lain harus lebih memahami urgensi pertolongan medis. Pihak berwenang harus berkolaborasi dengan tim dan mempertimbangkan pedoman yang lebih jelas untuk situasi darurat medis.
KEWENANGAN PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH PASCA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 85/PUU-XX/2022
Authors: Saragih Geofani Milthree 
Published: September 2023

<p><em>Indonesia is a country that upholds people's sovereignty which is carried out based on law, this is confirmed constitutionally in Article 1 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution. In electing leaders, the people are allowed to determine them directly, namely through an election process. At the regional level, there are Regional Head Elections (Pilkada). Initially, the Supreme Court had the authority to resolve regional election disputes as emphasized in Article 106 paragraph (1) of Law Number 32 of 2004 concerning Regional Government. In its development, this authority was transferred to the Constitutional Court with the passing of Law Number 12 of 2008 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 32 of 2004 concerning Regional Government. Then, the authority of the Constitutional Court in deciding disputes over regional head election results was declared unconstitutional through Constitutional Court Decision Number 97/PUU-XI/2013. However, in the end, the Constitutional Court again took over the authority to resolve regional election disputes through Constitutional Court Decision Number 85/PUU-XX/2022. </em><em>In this study, we will discuss the authority to resolve regional election disputes while still at the Supreme Court. Then, the following discussion examines the discourse on forming a particular judicial body in resolving regional election disputes. The final debate will examine the authority to resolve regional election disputes of the Constitutional Court from when it was still a temporary authority until it became a permanent authority after Constitutional Court Decision Number 85/PUU-XX/2022.</em></p>
Juxtapositions and Inventions: Sergei Parajanov, Ispoved’, and Armenian Identity
Authors: Usitalo Steven 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Sergei Parajanov, famously and sardonically, noted in various ways that he was an Armenian, born in Georgia, educated in Moscow, and arrested in Kiev for Ukrainian nationalism. He was also the quintessential idealized Soviet subject of the Caucasus. Parajanov directed a series of highly experimental films that are impossible to categorize. He began work on his Confession (Ispoved’) an autobiographical script exploring his upbringing, as an Armenian, in Tiflis/Tbilisi. Parajanov began to film Confession in 1989, but became ill before more than a fragment was filmed. This essay examines Confession in an effort to decipher Parajanov’s self-image as an Armenian/Soviet director from Tbilisi.