bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutting Fluid Mist Formation in Machining via Atomization Mechanisms
Authors: Yue Yan , Sutherland John W. , Olson Walter W. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Fundamental mechanisms of cutting fluid mist formation via atomization are investigated. As the cutting fluid impacts a stationary flat workpiece surface, a liquid film develops over the surface and disintegrates into droplets. Past research has shown the Sauter mean diameter of the droplets to be proportional to the film thickness. For a cutting fluid jet impinging on a rotating workpiece, three different disintegration modes (drop mode, ligament formation mode and film formation mode) are considered. The critical flow rates for the transition and diameters of drops are evaluated respectively.
Effect of Talc on the Cell-Population Density of Extruded Polypropylene Foams
Authors: Cheung Lewis K. , Park Chul B. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The effect of talc on the cell morphology of polypropylene (PP) foams has been investigated. A branched high-melt-strength PP was used in this study to reduce the bubble coalescence phenomenon during the foam processing in extrusion with isopentane or CO2 as a blowing agent. When isopentane was processed with PP, the bubble nucleation in the extruded foams was dominated by the talc concentration, and the isopentane content did not strongly affect the cell-population density. However, when CO2 was used as the blowing agent, both the talc concentration and the CO2 concentrations played an important role in determining the cell-population density. Although previous studies on the foam processing with CO2 alone indicated that the cell-population density was a strong function of the processing pressure and the pressure-drop rate, neither of these processing parameters significantly influenced the cell morphology of the extruded PP foams when talc was employed as a nucleating agent.
Language trees with sampled ancestors support a hybrid model for the origin of Indo-European languages
Authors: Heggarty Paul , Anderson Cormac , Scarborough Matthew , King Benedict , Bouckaert Remco , Jocz Lechosław , Kümmel Martin Joachim , Jügel Thomas , Irslinger Britta , Pooth Roland , Liljegren Henrik , Strand Richard F. , Haig Geoffrey , Macák Martin , Kim Ronald I. , Anonby Erik , Pronk Tijmen , Belyaev Oleg , Dewey-Findell Tonya Kim , Boutilier Matthew , Freiberg Cassandra , Tegethoff Robert , Serangeli Matilde , Liosis Nikos , Stroński Krzysztof , Schulte Kim , Gupta Ganesh Kumar , Haak Wolfgang , Krause Johannes , Atkinson Quentin D. , Greenhill Simon J. , Kühnert Denise , Gray Russell D. 
Published: July 2023

The origins of the Indo-European language family are hotly disputed. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of core vocabulary have produced conflicting results, with some supporting a farming expansion out of Anatolia ~9000 years before present (yr B.P.), while others support a spread with horse-based pastoralism out of the Pontic-Caspian Steppe ~6000 yr B.P. Here we present an extensive database of Indo-European core vocabulary that eliminates past inconsistencies in cognate coding. Ancestry-enabled phylogenetic analysis of this dataset indicates that few ancient languages are direct ancestors of modern clades and produces a root age of ~8120 yr B.P. for the family. Although this date is not consistent with the Steppe hypothesis, it does not rule out an initial homeland south of the Caucasus, with a subsequent branch northward onto the steppe and then across Europe. We reconcile this hybrid hypothesis with recently published ancient DNA evidence from the steppe and the northern Fertile Crescent.
From feasibility study to randomised control trial: the evolution of a novel neuraxial procedure device
Authors: Gaston Ian N , Samworth Alexander , McCrory Emery , Bavaro Joseph , Vaidyanathan Mahesh 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionNeuraxial procedures are performed by many specialties among a wide variety of patients. Palpation is the standard practice to locate a target insertion site. Procedural difficulty may prompt the use of alternative modalities. In a 2020 feasibility study, a neuraxial imaging device called VerTouch was shown to be reliable and easy to learn. In this study, we compared VerTouch to palpation and ultrasound (US).MethodsAn investigator-initiated prospective, randomised study was conducted on a labour and delivery ward at a large tertiary care hospital. Participants were randomised to either palpation, US or the VerTouch device. The primary endpoint was the total number of redirections. Secondary endpoints included the number of reinsertions and the total procedure time.Results95 patients were enrolled and 81 completed the study. The VerTouch group required fewer redirections (0.72 vs 2.35 and 2.81, p=0.041) and reinsertions (0.11 vs 0.50 and 0.96, p=0.017) without prolonging the overall procedure time (8.66 mins vs 7.88 and 9.81, p=0.121) when compared to palpation and US, respectively.ConclusionThis study supports the potential for VerTouch to improve procedural success for patients who might otherwise require radiology referral and for providers who may lack the resources or training to accommodate US guidance. The results also demonstrate the potential value in clinician involvement in the development of technology from the point of inception through implementation into clinical practice.
Prescription amphetamines in people with opioid use disorder and co-occurring psychostimulant use disorder initiating buprenorphine: an analysis of treatment retention and overdose risk
Authors: Tardelli Vitor , Xu Kevin Y , Bisaga Adam , Levin Frances R , Fidalgo Thiago M , Grucza Richard A 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundAttention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is frequently diagnosed in patients with substance use disorders (SUDs), including opioids. There remains concern about the safety and efficacy of prescription amphetamines (PAs) and their impact on effectiveness of opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment with buprenorphine.ObjectivesTo assess the effect of PAs on OUD buprenorphine treatment retention and/or SUD-related emergency admission or drug-related poisonings.MethodsWe used a retrospective cohort design with a secondary analysis of data from Merative MarketScan Commercial and Multi-State Medicaid Databases from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2016. Individuals included were aged 12–64 years, had an OUD diagnosis and were prescribed buprenorphine. Our analysis used multivariable Cox regression to evaluate the relationship between PA receipt and time to buprenorphine discontinuation. The second part focused on subsamples of buprenorphine initiators who had either (1) any SUD-related emergency admissions or (2) drug-related poisoning. These outcomes were modelled as a function of PA exposure using conditional logistic regression models as part of a within-person, case-crossover design.FindingsOur sample had 90 269 patients with OUD (mean age 34.2 years (SD=11.3)) who initiated buprenorphine. Being prescribed a PA was associated with improved buprenorphine retention among individuals both with (adjusted HR (aHR) 0.91 (95% CI 0.86 to 0.97)) and without a concurrent psychostimulant use disorder (PSUD) (aHR 0.92 (95% CI 0.90 to 0.93)).ConclusionsPA use was associated with improved buprenorphine retention in people with OUD with and without co-occurring PSUD. The risks of acute SUD-related events and drug-related poisonings associated with PA use did not differ when comparing PA-using days with days without PA use.Clinical implicationsPatients with OUD on buprenorphine should receive treatment with a PA when indicated.
Prevalence, management and efficacy of treatment in portal vein obstruction after paediatric liver transplantation: protocol of the retrospective international multicentre PORTAL registry
Authors: Alfares Bader A , van der Doef Hubert P J , Wildhaber Barbara E , Casswall Thomas , Nowak Greg , Delle Martin , Aldrian Denise , Berchtold Valeria , Vogel Georg F , Kaliciński Piotr , Markiewicz-Kijewska Malgorzata , Kolesnik Adam , Bernabeu Jesús Q , Hally María Mercadal , Larrarte K Mauricio , Marra Paolo , Bravi Michela , Pinelli Domenico , Kasahara Mureo , Sakamoto Seisuke , Uchida Hajime , Mali Vidyadhar , Aw Marion , Franchi-Abella Stéphanie , Gonzales Emmanuel , Guérin Florent , Cervio Guillermo , Minetto Julia , Sierre Sergio , de Santibañes Martin , Ardiles Victoria , Uno Jimmy Walker , Evans Helen , Duncan David , McCall John , Hartleif Steffen , Sturm Ekkehard , Patel Jai , Mtegha Marumbo , Prasad Raj , Ferreira Cristina T , Nader Luiza S , Farina Marco , Jaramillo Catalina , Rodriguez-Davalos Manuel I , Feola Peter , Shah Amit A , Wood Phoebe M , Acord Michael R , Fischer Ryan T , Mullapudi Bhargava , Hendrickson Richard J , Khanna Rajeev , Pamecha Viniyendra , Mukund Amar , Sharif Khalid , Gupte Girish , McGuirk Simon , Porta Gilda , Spada Marco , Alterio Tommaso , Maggiore Giuseppe , Hardikar Winita , Beretta Marisa , Dierckx Rudi , de Kleine Ruben H J , Bokkers Reinoud P H 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionPortal vein obstruction (PVO) consists of anastomotic stenosis and thrombosis, which occurs due to a progression of the former. The aim of this large-scale international study is to assess the prevalence, current management practices and efficacy of treatment in patients with PVO.Methods and analysisThe Portal vein Obstruction Revascularisation Therapy After Liver transplantation registry will facilitate an international, retrospective, multicentre, observational study, with 25 centres around the world already actively involved. Paediatric patients (aged <18 years) with a diagnosed PVO between 1 January 2001 and 1 January 2021 after liver transplantation will be eligible for inclusion. The primary endpoints are the prevalence of PVO, primary and secondary patency after PVO intervention and current management practices. Secondary endpoints are patient and graft survival, severe complications of PVO and technical success of revascularisation techniques.Ethics and disseminationMedical Ethics Review Board of the University Medical Center Groningen has approved the study (METc 2021/072). The results of this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and scientific presentations at national and international conferences.Trial registration numberNetherlands Trial Register (NL9261).
Randomised double-blind controlled trial of non-invasive preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy in in vitro fertilisation: a protocol paper
Authors: Cheng Hiu Yee Heidi , Chow Judy F C , Lam Kevin K W , Lai Shui Fan , Yeung William Shu Biu , Ng Ernest H Y 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionThe success rate of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment for couples with infertility remains low due to lack of a reliable tool in selecting euploid embryos for transfer. This study aims to compare the efficacy in embryo selection based on morphology alone compared with non-invasive preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (niPGT-A) and morphology in infertile women undergoing IVF.Methods and analysisThis is a randomised double-blind controlled trial conducted in two tertiary assisted reproduction centres. A total of 500 infertile women will be recruited and undergo IVF as indicated. They will be randomly assigned on day 6 after oocyte retrieval into two groups: the intervention group using morphology and niPGT-A and the control group based on morphology alone. In the control group, blastocysts with the best quality morphology will be replaced first. In the intervention group, blastocysts with the best morphology and euploid result of spent culture medium will be replaced first. The primary outcome is a live birth per the first embryo transfer. The statistical analysis will be performed with the intention to treat and per protocol.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was sought from the institutional review board of the two participating units. All participants will provide written informed consent before joining the study. The results of the study will be submitted to scientific conferences and peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04474522.
Variation in daytime general practice services and association with out-of-hours use for older patients: protocol for a Danish cohort study
Authors: Olsen Jonas K , Wehberg Sonja , Waldorff Frans Boch , Henriksen Daniel Pilsgaard , Lykkegaard Jesper 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionOut-of-hours primary care services cannot provide the same continuity and coordination of care as general practice. Thus, patients with high risk of complex care trajectories should, when possible, be treated by the general practitioner during daytime opening hours. This study aims to analyse the variation among general practices in the frequencies of daytime services for persons aged ≥75 years and how it relates to the patients’ use of out-of-hours services.Methods and analysisRegister-based cohort study of all Danish citizens aged ≥75 years, of whom >98% are listed with a general practice. Using Poisson regression, we will estimate each practice’s excess variation in delivered daytime services compared with the expected based on the characteristics of its listed patients. Delivered daytime services will be analysed overall and separately for face-to-face, phone, email, home visit and preventive services. The association with the use of out-of-hours services will be analysed by Poisson regression.Ethics and disseminationComplying with European data protection rules, the legal services at University of Southern Denmark (Research & Innovation Organisation) approved the data processing activities regarding this project (journal number 11.593). According to section 14.2 of the Act on Research Ethics Review of Health Research Projects, because the study is based solely on register data, approval from the ethics committee and informed consent are not required. Results from the study will be disseminated as publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals and at international conferences.
Six-week oral prednisolone therapy for immune-related pneumonitis: a single-arm phase II study
Authors: Karayama Masato , Inui Naoki , Inoue Yusuke , Yasui Hideki , Hozumi Hironao , Suzuki Yuzo , Furuhashi Kazuki , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Enomoto Noriyuki , Asada Kazuhiro , Uto Tomohiro , Fujii Masato , Matsui Takashi , Matsuura Shun , Hashimoto Dai , Toyoshima Mikio , Ikeda Masaki , Matsuda Hiroyuki , Inami Nao , Kaida Yusuke , Funayama Satoshi , Ichikawa Shintaro , Goshima Satoshi , Suda Takafumi 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThere has been no prospective trial for treatment of immune-related pneumonitis (irP) occurred after immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).MethodsIn this single-arm phase II study, patients with cancer with grade ≥2 irP received oral prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day), tapered over 6 weeks. The primary endpoint was a pneumonitis control rate at 6 weeks from the start of the study treatment, defined as complete disappearance or partial improvement of irP in high-resolution CT of the chest.ResultsAmong 57 patients enrolled, 56 were included in the final analysis. The most frequent cause of irP was single ICI therapy (51.8%), followed by combination with chemotherapy plus ICI (39.3%). Thirty-five (62.5%) patients had grade 2 irP and 21 (37.5%) had grade ≥3. Fifty-one (91.1%) patients completed the study treatment while 5 discontinued the study treatment because of relapse of irP (n=1), death from cancer (n=1), occurrence of immune-related hepatitis (n=1), extension of the treatment duration more than 6 weeks (n=1), and attending physician’s decision (n=1). Six weeks after the start of the study treatment, 16 (28.5%) patients demonstrated complete recovery from irP, 35 (62.5%) had a partial improvement in irP, 1 (1.8%) had a relapse of irP, and 4 (7.1%) were not evaluable. The pneumonitis control rate at 6 weeks was 91.1% (95% CI, 80.7% to 96.1%). Twelve weeks after the start of the study treatment, 5 (8.9%), 27 (48.2%), and 15 (26.8%) patients demonstrated complete recovery, partial improvement, and relapse, respectively, and 9 (16.1%) were not evaluable. The pneumonitis control rate at 12 weeks was 57.1% (95% CI, 44.1% to 69.2%). During the observation period, 18 (32.1%) patients experienced a relapse of irP, and of those, 17 received re-treatment with corticosteroids. Grade ≥3 adverse events occurred in 10 (17.9%) patients, in which hyperglycemia was most frequent (n=6). There was no treatment-related death.ConclusionsIn this first prospective study for irP, prednisolone at 1 mg/kg/day, tapered over 6 weeks, demonstrated a promising clinical benefit and manageable toxicity, suggesting a potential treatment option for irP.Trial registration numberjRCT: 1041190029.
Palliative care needs and specialist services post stroke: national population-based study
Authors: Liu Huiqin , Cook Angus , Ding Jinfeng , Lu Hongwei , Jiao Jingjing , Bai Wenhui , Johnson Claire E 
Published: July 2023

Objectives(1) To compare palliative care needs of patients admitted primarily with stroke and (2) to determine how the care needs of these patients affect their use of different types of specialist palliative care services.MethodsObservational study based on point-of-care data from the Australian Palliative Care Outcomes Collaboration. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the association between patients’ palliative care needs and use of community versus inpatient specialist palliative care services.ResultsThe majority of patients who had a stroke in this study population had mild or no symptom distress, but experienced a high degree of functional impairment and needed substantial help with basic tasks of daily living. A lower Australia-modiﬁed Karnofsky Performance Status score (OR=1.82, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.13) and occurrence of an ‘unstable’ palliative care phase (OR=28.34, 95% CI 9.03 to 88.94) were associated with use of inpatient versus community palliative care, but otherwise, no clear association was observed between the majority of symptoms and use of different care services.ConclusionsMany people with stroke could potentially have been cared for and could have experienced the terminal phases of their condition in a community setting if more community support services were available for their families.
Oral clinical findings and intensive care unit prognostic scores
Authors: Quintanilha Renata de Moura Cruz , Pereira Mara Regina Rocha , Oliveira Silvia Paula de , Penoni Daniela Cia , Salgado Diamantino Ribeiro , Agostini Michelle , Torres Sandra R 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveHospitalisation in intensive care unit (ICU) may cause changes in oral environment, which may influence patients’ health status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of intraoral and extraoral findings observed during ICU admission, and to verify if there is an association with clinical prognosis scores.MethodsData regarding clinical characteristics of patients hospitalised in an ICU were collected from medical records. The prognostic scores Sepsis Related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS 3) were estimated with data collected from admission and SOFA on the day of the oral examination as well. Data on oral mucosa lesions, saliva, dental condition and oral hygiene were evaluated during oral examinations.ResultsThe association of oral findings with prognostic scores was statistically verified. The majority (92.2%) of the 170 evaluated patients showed extraoral or intraoral findings during ICU admission. The most frequent findings were chapped and crusted lips, coated tongue, pale mucosa, haemorrhagic lesions, candidiasis, depapillated tongue and traumatic lesions. There were significant higher prognostic scores in the presence of the following extraoral and intraoral findings: crusted and ulcerated lips, haemorrhagic lesions, jaundice, spontaneous oral bleeding, coated and depapillated tongue. Median SAPS 3 was higher in patients with poor oral hygiene.ConclusionsOral findings were frequent in the population of patients hospitalised in the ICU and some of them were associated with worse prognostic scores. Routine oral examinations must be performed in hospitalised patients from ICUs for detection of oral markers of worse clinical prognosis.
Research on reducing flow shock of the digital hydraulic wind turbine
Authors: Liu Zengguang , Zhang Benguo , Wei Liejiang , Yue Daling , Ren Lu , Su Liqiang , Zhao Yuyang 
Published: July 2023

The wind turbine with digital hydraulic transmission can make the corresponding hydraulic pump work according to the wind speed, so that the hydraulic wind turbine can maintain high efficiency at the whole working wind speed. However, the switching of different displacement hydraulic pumps will cause a large flow impact on the hydraulic system of the wind turbine, affecting its working characteristics and the absorption of wind energy. Based on the analysis of the working principle of the digital hydraulic wind turbine, the scheme of a 5 MW wind turbine is designed and the AMESim model is established. The dynamic characteristics of the digital hydraulic wind turbine under two switching modes are compared. An advance valve closing control strategy is proposed to reduce the instantaneous flow impact. Simulation results show that the control strategy diminished the system flow shock by about 50% when switching the hydraulic pump. Finally, a hardware-in-loop system with a 5.5 kW digital hydraulic turbine is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. The research results provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for the efficient utilization of wind energy and stable operation of the digital hydraulic wind turbines.
It Is All in the Genes: A Story of Unexpected Survival in a 67-Year-Old Male with Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Lee Patsy W. P. , Strum Scott W. , Tsvetkova Elena 
Published: July 2023

Background. We describe a case report of a 67-year-old male with PDAC who experienced an exceptional survival outcome during systemic therapy and its implications in precision medicine. We hypothesize that his outcomes are attributable, in part, to a germline BRCA2 deletion and somatic GNAS substitution. Methods. Retrospective single-patient chart review was performed at the London Regional Cancer Program, as well as a structured literature search spanning all years in PubMed of BRCA and GNAS mutations in pancreatic cancer. Results. The case described herein represents a 67-year-old male who survived over 27 months after third-line treatment with gemcitabine, docetaxel, and capecitabine (GTX) chemotherapy for metastatic PDAC after progression on gemcitabine and Abraxane and then on FOLFIRINOX. His survival far exceeded the median overall survival metrics. Genetic testing revealed a pathogenic heterozygous germline BRCA2 6643delT p.(Tyr2215Thrfs

∗

14) frameshift mutation and somatic

GNAS

2531
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A

p.(Arg844His) mutation. Conclusions. This case highlights the urgent need to expand our knowledge of cancer biology to advance personalized cancer treatment and therapy development.