bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal Nanoclusters as a Superior Polysulfides Immobilizer toward Highly Stable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Sun Kai , Fu Yujun , Sekine Taishu , Mabuchi Haruna , Hossain Sakiat , Zhang Qiang , Liu Dequan , Das Saikat , He Deyan , Negishi Yuichi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDue to their high designability, unique geometric and electronic structures, and surface coordination chemistry, atomically precise metal nanoclusters are an emerging class of functional nanomaterials at the forefront of materials research. However, the current research on metal nanoclusters is mainly fundamental, and their practical applications are still uncharted. The surface binding properties and redox activity of Au24Pt(PET)18 (PET: phenylethanethiolate, SCH2CH2Ph) nanoclusters are herein harnessed as an high‐efficiency electrocatalyst for the anchoring and rapid conversion of lithium polysulfides in lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). Au24Pt(PET)18@G composites are prepared by using the large specific surface area, high porosity, and conductive network of graphene (G) for the construction of battery separator that can inhibit polysulfide shuttle and accelerate electrochemical kinetics. Resultantly, the LSB using a Au24Pt(PET)18@G‐based separator presents a high reversible specific capacity of 1535.4 mA h g−1 for the first cycle at 0.2 A g−1 and a rate capability of 887 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1. After 1000 cycles at 5 A g−1, the capacity is 558.5 mA h g−1. This study is a significant step toward the application of metal nanoclusters as optimal electrocatalysts for LSBs and other sustainable energy storage systems.
Suppressing the Intrinsic Photoelectric Response of Organic Semiconductors for Highly‐Photostable Organic Transistors
Authors: Wang Zhongwu , Ma Yining , Guo Shujing , Yuan Liqian , Hu Yongxu , Huang Yinan , Chen Xiaosong , Ji Deyang , Bi Jinshun , Lei Yong , Han Cheng , Li Liqiang , Hu Wenping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSuppressing the photoelectric response of organic semiconductors (OSs) is of great significance for improving the operational stability of organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) in light environments, but it is quite challenging because of the great difficulty in precisely modulating exciton dynamics. In this work, photostable OFETs are demonstrated by designing the micro‐structure of OSs and introducing an electrical double layer at the OS/polyelectrolyte dielectric interface, in which multiple exciton dynamic processes can be modulated. The generation and dissociation of excitons are depressed due to the small light‐absorption area of the microstripe structure and the excellent crystallinity of OSs. At the same time, a highly efficient exciton quenching process is activated by the electrical double layer at the OS/polyelectrolyte dielectric interface. As a result, the OFETs show outstanding tolerance to the light irradiation of up to 306 mW·cm−2, which far surpasses the solar irradiance value in the atmosphere (≈138 mW·cm−2) and achieves the highest photostability ever reported in the literature. The findings promise a general and practicable strategy for the realization of photostable OFETs and organic circuits.
The Pillar Effect of Large‐Size Alkaline Ions on the Electrochemical Stability of Sodium Manganese Hexacyanoferrate for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Aijun , Guo Can , Jiang Jicheng , Wang Donghuang , Wang Xin , Ali Shamshad , Li Jingze , Xia Weiwei , Fu Maosen , Sun Wenwu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSodium manganese hexacyanoferrate (NaMnHCF) is an attractive candidate as a cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries due to its low cost and high energy density. However, its practical application is hindered by poor electrochemical stability caused by the Jahn‐Teller effect of Mn and the unstable structure of NaMnHCF. Here, this paper aims to address this issue by introducing highly stable AMnHCF (where A = K, Rb, or Cs) through a facile method to composite with NaMnHCF. The findings reveal that all AMnHCFs have a “pillar effect” on the crystal structure of NaMnHCF. It is observed that the degree of pillar effect varies depending on the specific AMnHCF used. The less electrochemically inactive the alkaline ion is and the greater the degree of compositing with NaMnHCF, the more dramatic the pillar effect. KMnHCF shows limited pillar effect due to its rough composition with NaMnHCF and the loss of K+ upon (de)intercalation. RbMnHCF has lower electrochemical activity and can be better composited with NaMnHCF. On the other hand, CsMnHCF exhibits the strongest pillar effect due to the inactivation of Cs+ and the excellent coherent structure formed by CsMnHCF and NaMnHCF. This research provides a new perspective on stabilizing NaMnHCF with other alkaline elements.
Au16Cd16(SC6H11)20: A Glance at Structure‐Property Relationship
Authors: Ruan Chenhao , Xiang Huixin , Yan Hao , Deng Yuanxin , Zhao Yue , Xu Cong‐Qiao , Li Jun , Yao Chuanhao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDoping Cd atom(s) into gold clusters is very promising in both theoretical study and practical applications. However, it has long been a challenge to synthesize heavily Cd‐doped AuCd bimetallic clusters and thereby reveal their structure‐property correlations. Herein a novel AuCd bimetallic cluster: Au16Cd16(SC6H11)20 (SC6H11 denotes deprotonated cyclohexanethiol) with a Cd to Au atomic ratio of 1:1 is reported. The precise structure of the cluster determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction demonstrates that it has a unique hexatetrahedron Au14 core and a distinctive shell. Intriguingly, due to the special protecting motifs, the cluster exhibits high stability in various conditions studied, indicating that the geometric structure is crucial in determining the stability of the cluster. Most importantly, the photothermal property of the cluster has been investigated in comparison with those of M13‐kernel (M denotes metal atoms) clusters, and the results imply that the compactness and the Cd atom doping of the core play important roles in dictating the photothermal effect of the cluster. The authors believe that this work will provide some ideas for the rational design of clusters with high stability and excellent photothermal property.
Four‐fold increased mortality rate in patients with Wilson's disease: A population‐based cohort study of 151 patients
Authors: Åberg Fredrik , Shang Ying , Strandberg Rickard , Wester Axel , Widman Linnea , Hagström Hannes 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsFew studies have investigated mortality rates in patients with Wilson's disease and compared these to the general population. Here, we examined several clinical outcomes (including cardiovascular, psychiatric, neurologic conditions) in a population‐based study of patients with Wilson's disease.MethodWe used nationwide registers to identify all patients with a first diagnosis of Wilson's disease between 2002 and 2020 in Sweden. Each patient was matched by age, sex, and municipality with up to 10 reference individuals from the general population. Validated registers were used to investigate outcomes up to 19 years after baseline in patients and reference individuals.ResultsWe identified 151 patients with Wilson's disease matched with 1441 reference individuals. Median age at baseline was 26 years (IQR 17–42) and 50% were males. During a median follow‐up of 6.6 years (IQR 2.9–12.9), 10 (6.6%) patients with Wilson's disease died compared with 31 (2.2%) reference individuals. This translated to a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.8 (95%CI = 1.8–8.1). Mortality was higher among Wilson's disease patients with baseline neuropsychiatric diagnoses (HR 7.9, 95%CI = 2.9–21.8). Cumulative mortality over 10 years was 9.3% (95%CI = 5.0–16.8) in Wilson's disease, compared to 2.4% (95%CI = 1.6–3.6) in reference individuals. We observed significantly elevated risks in the Wilson's disease group for incident cardiovascular disease, and incident psychiatric and neurological conditions when considering liver transplantation or death from other causes as competing events.ConclusionIn this large population‐based cohort study, patients with Wilson's disease had an almost four‐fold increased mortality rate compared with matched individuals from the general population.
‘Policies Aren’t Pieces of Paper’: Tussles and Tactics in Action-Oriented and Agile Cultural Policy Research
Authors: Sitas Rike 
Published: August 2023

AbstractToo often policies are thought of decrees, immovable objects, binding forces, and something that is delivered and received rather than made and negotiated on an ongoing daily basis. This chapter reflects on a five-year collaboration between the African Centre for Cities and the City of Cape Town’s Arts & Culture Branch, focusing on what it means to make and do policy locally, on an everyday basis, and in the context of fiscal restraints (exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic) and shifting politics and urban priorities. The chapter starts by introducing four interconnected ways in which to approach cultural and urban policy-making through collaborative policy research: as embodied, emplaced, enacted, and embedded. It then locates Cape Town as a city of contradictions, a creative city that is often at odds with its own creative identity and shows that while cultural policy exists, there is a mismatch between these ambitions and the fiscal reality. Despite these challenges, there are municipal champions within the governance arrangement of the City who are working to leverage policy for more inclusive and emplaced aims, and the chapter turns to consider Knowledge Transfer Programme and scholar-municipal collaborations in action-oriented policy research, paying pays particular attention to cultural mapping and planning as an antidote to elite-centric urban cultural objectives. Finally the chapter returns to what this means for local action-oriented cultural policy research, arguing for how emplaced and embodied policy knowledge and practice can be enacted in situated and embedded ways.
Bridging the Trust Divide: Understanding the Role of ‘localism’ and the ‘local’ in Cultural Policy
Authors: Evans Mark 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCultural institutions can play an important enabling and educative role in fostering and strengthening democratic governance as they have a uniquely trusted position on the frontline of community democracy, civic agency and learning. This chapter critically evaluates the theory and practice of localism which has emerged in the disciplines of public policy and management, geography and governance to examine the role that local cultural institutions could and sometimes do play in enhancing democratic governance. It is argued that a focus on public value creation and participatory governance provides a fruitful starting point for the development of a reflexive research agenda that seeks to articulate the relationship between localism, governance and the role of cultural institutions in a systematic and meaningful way.
Properties of K-Additive Set-Valued Maps
Authors: Jablońska Eliza , Jabłoński Wojciech 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFor monoids X, Y and a submonoid $$K\subset Y$$

K
⊂
Y

we define a K-additive set-valued map $$F:X\rightarrow 2^Y$$

F
:
X
→

2
Y

as a map which is additive “modulo K”. In the paper fundamental properties of K-additive set-valued maps are studied. Among others, we prove that in the class of K-additive set-valued maps K-lower (or weakly K-upper) boundedness on a “large” set implies K-continuity on the domain, as well as K-continuity implies K-homogeneity. We also study an algebraic structure of the K-homogeneity set for K-additive set-valued maps.
Nitinol flanges fabricated by laser rod end melting and immediate flange processing
Authors: Lu Yang , Radel Tim 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNitinol, a widely used shape memory alloy in actuator industries, often encounters limitations in joint strength, heat resistance and corrosion resistance when joined to mechanical systems using conventional joining processes such as crimping, screwing or adhesive bonding. To address these challenges, a novel process chain is introduced to produce all-in-one Nitinol micro flanges by laser rod end melting (LREM) in a unique system. A laser beam melts the end of a Nitinol wire into an accumulated spherical liquid, which is subsequently reshaped in a die cavity with different die speeds, die temperatures, and delay time between both steps. Unlike cold forming of solidified preforms, the utilization of a partially solidified melt allows for the fabrication of a flange without cracks and visible oxidation. The resulting flange comprises a partially in the initial shape solidified preform, surrounded by a newly distributed zone. The fabricated flanges show comparable surface quality, size, and microstructure distribution across the range of the studied die speeds and die temperatures. However, achieving the desired flange shape necessitates the selection of an appropriate delay time. This study creates the basis for a process to fabricate Nitinol flanges and examines the influencing factors during the flange processing.
Probabilistic Analysis of Optimization Problems on Sparse Random Shortest Path Metrics
Authors: Klootwijk Stefan , Manthey Bodo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSimple heuristics for (combinatorial) optimization problems often show a remarkable performance in practice. Worst-case analysis often falls short of explaining this performance. Because of this, “beyond worst-case analysis” of algorithms has recently gained a lot of attention, including probabilistic analysis of algorithms. The instances of many (combinatorial) optimization problems are essentially a discrete metric space. Probabilistic analysis for such metric optimization problems has nevertheless mostly been conducted on instances drawn from Euclidean space, which provides a structure that is usually heavily exploited in the analysis. However, most instances from practice are not Euclidean. Little work has been done on metric instances drawn from other, more realistic, distributions. Some initial results have been obtained in recent years, where random shortest path metrics generated from dense graphs (either complete graphs or Erdős–Rényi random graphs) have been used so far. In this paper we extend these findings to sparse graphs, with a focus on sparse graphs with ‘fast growing cut sizes’, i.e. graphs for which $$|\delta (U)|=\Omega (|U|^\varepsilon )$$

|
δ

(
U
)

|
=
Ω
(
|
U

|
ε

)

for some constant $$\varepsilon \in (0,1)$$

ε
∈
(
0
,
1
)

for all subsets U of the vertices, where $$\delta (U)$$

δ
(
U
)

is the set of edges connecting U to the remaining vertices. A random shortest path metric is constructed by drawing independent random edge weights for each edge in the graph and setting the distance between every pair of vertices to the length of a shortest path between them with respect to the drawn weights. For such instances generated from a sparse graph with fast growing cut sizes, we prove that the greedy heuristic for the minimum distance maximum matching problem, and the nearest neighbor and insertion heuristics for the traveling salesman problem all achieve a constant expected approximation ratio. Additionally, for instances generated from an arbitrary sparse graph, we show that the 2-opt heuristic for the traveling salesman problem also achieves a constant expected approximation ratio.
Habitual physical activity modulates cardiometabolic health in long-term testicular cancer survivors
Authors: Amiri Ali , Krumpolec Patrik , Mego Michal , Ukropcová Barbara , Chovanec Michal , Ukropec Jozef 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purposes
Physical activity (PA) may mitigate late cardiometabolic toxicity of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) long-term survivors. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the effects of habitual PA on metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence, and on the markers of cardiometabolic health and chronic inflammation in a population of long-term TGCT survivors.

Methods
MetS prevalence was evaluated, and habitual PA was assessed using Baecke’s habitual PA questionnaire in TGCT survivors (n=195, age=41.1±8.1years, 11.7±5.2years post-therapy) and healthy male controls (n=41, age=38.2±8.8years). Participants were stratified into low- and high-PA groups based on median values. Differences were examined between low- and high-PA groups (in the entire sample, TGCT survivor sub-samples differing in disease stage, and healthy controls), and between TGCT survivors and controls. Next, TGCT survivors were stratified into age- and BMI-matched sub-groups based on post-treatment time (5–15/15/30years) and number of chemotherapy cycles (≤3/>3), allowing us to detect age- and BMI-independent effects of habitual PA on cardiometabolic health in the given TGCT survivor sub-populations. A correlation matrix of habitual PA and sport activity with cardiometabolic and pro-inflammatory markers was generated.

Results
TGCT survivors had higher MetS prevalence than controls. Patients with high habitual PA had lower waist circumference and Systemic Inflammation Index. Habitual PA scores correlated positively with HDL-cholesterol and negatively with waist circumference and atherogenic risk. Furthermore, cardiometabolic benefits of habitual PA were more pronounced in patients with disease stages 1 and 2. Effects of habitual PA on patients sub-populations stratified by chemotherapy dose and post-treatment time clearly showed that higher levels of habitual PA were associated with lower numbers of MetS components, except for patients who received more than 3 chemotherapy cycles and were examined more than15 years post-therapy.

Conclusions
Higher levels of habitual PA effectively mitigated cardiometabolic toxicity in TGCT survivors. Patients with higher cumulative doses of chemotherapy may need structured exercise interventions involving higher-intensity physical activity to achieve significant improvements in cardiometabolic health.
Application of polyglycolic acid sheets and basic fibroblast growth factor to prevent esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection in pigs
Authors: Nishimura Yusuke , Ono Masayoshi , Okubo Naoto , Sone Takayuki , Higashino Masayuki , Matsumoto Shogo , Kubo Marina , Yamamoto Keiko , Ono Shoko , Ohnishi Shunsuke , Sakamoto Naoya 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been the first-line treatment for early-stage esophageal cancer. However, it often causes postoperative stricture in cases requiring wide dissection. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) reportedly has anti-scarring effects during cutaneous wound healing. We hypothesized that suppressing myofibroblast activation will prevent stricture after esophageal ESD.

Methods
We resected a complete porcine esophagus circumference section by ESD. To investigate the preventive effect of bFGF on esophageal stricture formation after ESD, we endoscopically applied bFGF-soaked poly-glycolic acid (PGA) sheets onto the wound bed after ESD and fixed them by spraying fibrin glue (PGA + bFGF group), PGA sheets alone onto the wound bed and fixed them by spraying fibrin glue (PGA group), or nothing (control group). After removing the esophagus on day 22, we evaluated the mucosal constriction rate.

Results
Compared with those in the control group, esophageal stricture was significantly reduced in the PGA + bFGF group, and the areas stained with α-SMA and calponin-1 antibodies were significantly inhibited in the PGA + bFGF and PGA groups. The thickness of the fibrous layer in the PGA + bFGF group was uniform compared to that of the other groups. Thus, PGA + bFGF inhibited the development of unregulated fibroblasts in the acute phase, leading to uniform wound healing.

Conclusions
Stenosis after esophageal ESD is related to fibrosis in the acute phase. Administration of PGA and bFGF suppresses myofibroblast activation in the acute phase, thereby preventing esophageal constriction in pigs.
Modified Kapandji technique in pediatric displaced distal radius fractures: results in 195 patients
Authors: Bassi Cristina , Heimann Alexander F. , Schwab Joseph M. , Tannast Moritz , Raabe Ines 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The modified Kapandji technique has been proposed for fracture reduction in pediatric displaced distal radius fractures (DDRFs), but evidence is sparse. The purpose of this study was to evaluate our outcomes and complications, critically and systematically, when performing the modified Kapandji technique in pediatric DDRFs. Using this technique since 2011, we asked: (1) What is the quality of fracture reduction using this technique? (2) How stable is fracture alignment with this technique? (3) What are the postoperative complications and complication rates?

Methods
Retrospective observational study of 195 pediatric patients treated with the modified Kapandji technique. Quality of fracture reduction, fixation type (intrafocal, combined, or extrafocal), and coronal/sagittal angulation were recorded at surgery and healing. Perioperative complications were graded. Patients were stratified by fracture (metaphyseal or Salter–Harris) and fixation type, as well as age (≤ 6 years; 6 to 10 years; > 10 years).

Results
Fracture reduction was ‘good’ to ‘anatomical’ in 85% of patients. ‘Anatomical’ fracture reduction was less frequent in metaphyseal fractures (21% vs. 51%; p < .001). Mean angulation change was higher in metaphyseal fractures in both the sagittal (p = .011) and coronal (p = .021) planes. Metaphyseal fractures showed a higher mean change in sagittal angulation during fracture healing for the ‘intrafocal’ group. We observed a 15% overall complication rate with 1% being modified Sink Grade 3.

Conclusion
The modified Kapandji technique for pediatric DDRFs is a safe and effective treatment option. Metaphyseal fractures that do not involve the physis should be treated with extrafocal or combined wire fixation. Complications that require additional surgical treatment are rare.

Level of evidence
Level of evidence IV.