bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orexin receptors in paraventricular nucleus influence sexual behavior via regulating the sympathetic outflow in males
Authors: Luan Jiao‐Chen , Zhang Qi‐Jie , Zhou Xuan , Zhou Xiang , Gu Qi , Xia Jia‐Dong , Song Ning‐hong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundOrexins are hypothalamic neuropeptides associated with various neurophysiological activities such as sleep, arousal, and reward. However, there are few studies investigating the relationships between orexin receptors in the paraventricular nucleus and sexual behaviors.ObjectivesTo explore the roles of orexin receptors in the paraventricular nucleus on sexual behaviors and uncover its potential mechanisms in males.Materials and methodsOrexin A, orexin 1 receptor antagonist SB334867, and orexin 2 receptor antagonist TCS‐OX2‐29 were microinjected into the paraventricular nucleus to investigate the effects of orexin receptors on copulatory behavior testing of C57BL/6 mice. To explore if ejaculation could activate orexin 1 receptor‐expressing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus, fluorescence immunohistochemical double staining was utilized. The levels of serum norepinephrine were measured and the lumbar sympathetic nerve activity was recorded to reflect the sympathetic nervous system activity. Moreover, the bulbospongiosus muscle‐electromyogram was recorded and analyzed. To test whether perifornical/lateral hypothalamic area orexinergic neurons directly projected to the paraventricular nucleus, virus retrograde tracing technology was utilized.ResultsOrexin A significantly enhanced sexual performance by shortening the intromission and ejaculation latencies, and increasing the mount and intromission frequencies, while the opposite outcomes appeared with SB334867. However, TCS‐OX2‐29 had no significant effects on sexual behaviors. Moreover, orexin A increased lumbar sympathetic nerve activity and the levels of serum norepinephrine, while SB334867 decreased lumbar sympathetic nerve activity and norepinephrine, which caused a significant decrease in sympathetic nervous system outflow. Meanwhile, a robust increase in the bulbospongiosus muscle‐electromyogram activity was identified after microinjecting orexin A. Furthermore, cFos immunopositive cells were increased and double stained with orexin 1 receptor‐expressing neurons in the mating group. Additionally, the retrograde tracing results demonstrated that orexinergic neurons in the perifornical/lateral hypothalamic area directly projected to the paraventricular nucleus.ConclusionsOrexin 1 receptor in the paraventricular nucleus could influence the ejaculatory reflex via mediating the sympathetic nervous system activity, which might be of great importance in the treatment of premature ejaculation in the future.
Partial heart xenotransplantation: A research protocol in non‐human primates
Authors: Rajab Taufiek Konrad , Goerlich Corbin E. , Forbess Joseph M. , Griffith Bartley P. , Mohiuddin Muhammad M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPartial heart transplantation is a new type of transplant that delivers growing heart valve replacements for babies. Partial heart transplantation differs from orthotopic heart transplantation because only the part of the heart containing the heart valve is transplanted. It also differs from homograft valve replacement because viability of the graft is preserved by tissue matching, minimizing donor ischemia times, and recipient immunosuppression. This preserves partial heart transplant viability and allows the grafts to fulfill biological functions such as growth and self‐repair. These advantages over conventional heart valve prostheses are balanced by similar disadvantages as other organ transplants, most importantly limitations in donor graft availability. Prodigious progress in xenotransplantation promises to solve this problem by providing an unlimited source of donor grafts. In order to study partial heart xenotransplantation, a suitable large animal model is important. Here we describe our research protocol for partial heart xenotransplantation in nonhuman primates.
Physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic modelling to predict intragastric rifabutin concentrations in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Howden Colin W. , Shah Shailja , Pendse Salil N. , Offman Elliot , Almenoff June S. , Sheldon Kely L. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryBackgroundSustained intragastric antibiotic exposure is important for Helicobacter pylori eradication, yet little is known about gastric pharmacology of commonly used H. pylori regimens. For rifabutin, differing intragastric concentrations based on dosing regimen may account for differences in reported eradication rates.AimTo compare intragastric rifabutin concentrations between low‐dose rifabutin (50 mg three time daily; as in RHB‐105) and generically dosed rifabutin 150 mg once daily, 150 mg twice daily, and 300 mg once daily using a validated Physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model.MethodsWe obtained plasma pharmacokinetic data from the RHB‐105 clinical development programs and used it to develop and validate a whole‐body PBPK model using PK‐SIM software. We modified the existing rifabutin model to include the impact of omeprazole on gastric pH and emptying time. Modelled intragastric rifabutin exposure was expressed as the time that each regimen maintained its concentration ≥MIC90.ResultsRifabutin 50 mg three times daily achieved significantly longer times with intragastric concentration above MIC90 (22.3 ± 1.1 h) than 150 mg once daily (8.3 ± 1.7 h), 150 mg twice daily (16.3 ± 2.3 h), or 300 mg once daily (8.5 ± 1.9 h) while providing the lowest mean maximal plasma concentration and mean area under the plasma concentration–time curve of all regimens studied.ConclusionsPBPK modelling showed rifabutin 50 mg three times daily had higher intragastric exposure times than 150 mg once daily or twice daily, or 300 mg once daily. This low‐dose rifabutin regimen provides the highest potential for H. pylori eradication while minimising systemic rifabutin exposure.
Sequential osseointegration of a novel implant system based on 3D printing in comparison with conventional titanium implants
Authors: Lang Niklaus P. , Imber Jean‐Claude , Lang Kiri N. , Schmid Bruno , Muñoz Fernando , Bosshardt Dieter D. , Saulacic Nikola 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the sequential osseointegration of a novel titanium implant system based on a 3D printing technology in comparison with conventional titanium implants.Material and methodsTwo novel titanium implants based on 3D printing were tested in the mandible of eight Beagle dogs. As a control, two different commercially available titanium implants were used. The implants were staged to accommodate healing periods of 2 and 6 weeks. The primary outcome variable was bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) in non‐decalcified tissue sections and micro‐CT analysis.ResultsHistomorphometrically, the proportions of tissues adjacent to the implant surfaces were similar for all implants, whereas the BIC percentage of new mineralized bone was greater for the control implants after both 2 and 6 weeks (p < .05). Micro‐CT analysis revealed increasing osseous volume and BIC from 2 to 6 weeks. In contrast to the histomorphometry, the BIC evaluation with the micro‐CT data revealed a significantly higher BIC for the two test implants compared with controls (p < .001). The analysis of the total implant surface area disclosed a value that was approximately double as high for the test compared to the control implants.ConclusionsThe novel titanium implant system based on 3D printing yielded values for osseointegration that were adequate and satisfactory. The higher percentage of new mineralized bone in the control implants is explained by the fact of a completely different three‐dimensional surface area.
Elamipretide reduces pyroptosis and improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury
Authors: Jiang Wu , He Fan , Ding Guoming , Wu Junsong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsElamipretide (EPT), a novel mitochondria‐targeted peptide, has been shown to be protective in a range of diseases. However, the effect of EPT in spinal cord injury (SCI) has yet to be elucidated. We aimed to investigate whether EPT would inhibit pyroptosis and protect against SCI.MethodsAfter establishing the SCI model, we determined the biochemical and morphological changes associated with pyroptosis, including neuronal cell death, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and signal pathway levels. Furthermore, mitochondrial function was assessed with flow cytometry, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and western blot.ResultsHere, we demonstrate that EPT improved locomotor functional recovery following SCI as well as reduced neuronal loss. Moreover, EPT inhibited nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and pyroptosis occurrence and decreased pro‐inflammatory cytokines levels following SCI. Furthermore, EPT alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species level.ConclusionEPT treatment may protect against SCI via inhibition of pyroptosis.
Individual and contextual factors influencing children's effort in pediatric rehabilitation interventions
Authors: Levac Danielle E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRehabilitation clinicians strive to encourage children's sustained effort within challenging practice conditions. Effort influences intervention success, yet it is rarely defined or measured. Effort can be conflated with individual factors, such as motivation and engagement, that might influence it. Contextual factors that likely impact children's effort, such as practice conditions and therapeutic interactions, are generally under‐described. Defining, describing, and measuring effort and its influencers is necessary to enhance understanding of differences in rehabilitation intervention outcomes across individuals and contexts and to support the development of personalized precision rehabilitation approaches. This narrative review describes effort conceptualization in rehabilitation, particularly in relation to intensity, engagement, and participation nomenclature. The review outlines individual and contextual factors that may influence children's effort in rehabilitation and describes potential next steps for effort description and measurement. Subsequent work should aim to identify factors that can be targeted in clinical practice to promote and sustain children's effort in the rehabilitation process, thereby individualizing interventions and potentially improving their effectiveness.What this paper adds

Effort as it relates to rehabilitation is confusingly described and infrequently measured.

Engagement, involvement, intensity, and participation are terms alluding to effort.

Child‐specific and therapy‐specific factors, alone and in combination, may influence children's effort.

Clearer conceptualization of effort and the factors that influence it will support personalization of interventions.

Better measurement will enhance knowledge about relationships between effort and therapeutic outcomes.
Efficacy of tegoprazan‐based bismuth quadruple therapy compared with bismuth quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: A randomized, double‐blind, active‐controlled study
Authors: Kim Joon Sung , Ko Weonjin , Chung Jun‐Won , Kim Tae Ho 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundBismuth‐based quadruple therapy (BQT) is recommended as the first‐line empirical therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication as it is not associated with resistance. However, few studies have investigated the use of potassium‐competitive acid blockers for BQT.AimTo investigate the efficacy and safety profiles of tegoprazan‐based BQT (TBMT) versus lansoprazole‐based BQT (LBMT) for H. pylori eradication.MethodsWe included patients older than 18 with an H. pylori infection without a history of H. pylori eradication who visited four university‐affiliated hospitals between March 2020 and December 2021. H. pylori infection was diagnosed using a rapid urease test or Giemsa staining. Patients were randomly assigned to the TBMT or LBMT group.Results217 subjects were randomly allocated to receive either TBMT (n = 108) or LBMT (n = 109) therapy. Intention‐to‐treat (ITT) eradication rates of TBMT and LBMT were 80.0% and 77.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: −8.4 to 13.7, p = 0.0124), respectively. Corresponding modified ITT rates were 90.3% and 84.5% (95% CI: −3.6 to 15.2, p = 0.0005), respectively. Per‐protocol (PP) eradication rates of TBMT and LBMT were 90.2% and 82.4% (95% CI: −2.5 to 18.2, p = 0.0003), respectively. There was no significant difference in the rate of adverse events between the TBMT and LBMT groups (39.1% vs. 43.4%, p = 0.5211). TBMT showed higher eradication rates than that of LBMT in ITT, m‐ITT, and PP analysis.ConclusionTBMT showed a noninferior eradication rate and similar adverse events to LBMT as a first‐line eradication regimen. Our results suggest that tegoprazan might be substituted for proton pump inhibitors in H. pylori eradication regimens.
A novel carbon‐fiber geopolymer composite‐coated electrodes for photoelectrocatalysis: Fabrication and application
Authors: Meng Qian , Zhang Yao Jun , He Pan Yang , Chen Hao , Li Chan Juan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe photoelectrocatalysis is an efficient and sustainable degradation method for organic contaminant, where the photoanode material plays a critical role. Development of novel, inexpensive, and high‐performance photoanode materials is significant to enhance the degradation performance of anodes catalysis. Herein, a novel carbon‐fiber geopolymer composite‐coated electrode with low cost and facile production was prepared by incorporating carbon fibers in a geopolymer matrix. The as‐developed photoelectrocatalyst coupled with persulfate could effectively degrade more than 98 % of rhodamine B within 6 min, which demonstrated superior catalytic activity compared with various catalysts reported in the literature. Moreover, the composite electrodes exhibited excellent reusability. The endogenous Fe2O3 and TiO2 in the geopolymer matrix were the main active materials, providing photoelectron‐hole pairs for dye molecule degradation. Significantly, the carbon fibers in the matrix effectively connected the scattered oxide species and prompted the separation and migration of photoinduced carriers while enhancing the stability of the catalysts and improving the conductivity of the matrix. When the carbon content was increased from 0 to 6 wt%, the conductivity of the composite increased by 17.75 times. This study offers a cost‐effective and eco‐friendly photoelectrocatalyst, which shows significant potential for further development.
A natural and safe diglyceride (DAG)‐MFGM reconstituted milk: preparation, physiochemical, in‐vitro digestion, and sterilisation safety
Authors: Xu Jinhua , Lu Yuanchao , Nie Xiaohua , Yu Ningxiang , Meng Xianghe 
Published: April 2023

SummaryAs an efficient strategy to promote human health, diet regulations are gaining increasing attention on the intake of high‐quality oils and proteins. In this study, we developed reconstituted milk using natural soybean diglyceride‐milk fat globule membrane (DAG‐MFGM) and investigated its stability, in‐vitro digestion, and sterilisation safety. Results showed that the smallest droplet size (250 nm) of DAG‐MFGM reconstituted milk was obtained under 0.1% MFGM addition, demonstrating high stability. The in‐vitro digestion revealed that the fatty acid release of DAG‐MFGM reconstituted milk was 85.6% within 120 min, significantly higher than milk‐fat reconstituted milk (67.2%) and soybean triglycerides‐MFGM reconstituted milk (55%). This indicated that the DAG‐MFGM reconstituted milk was digested easily. After sterilisation, the levels of 3‐chloropropanol ester and glycidyl ester were 1.109 μg kg−1 and 4.292 μg kg−1, respectively, well below the European Union (EU)2020/1322. This work provided a promising guide for preparing new reconstituted milk with DAG.
Development and quality assessment of smoked rainbow trout with reduced sodium content
Authors: Rybicka Iga , Silva Marlene , Gonçalves Amparo , Oliveira Helena , Lourenço Helena , Marques António , Fraqueza Maria João , Serrano Carmo , Nunes Maria Leonor 
Published: April 2023

SummaryFish consumption is an important part of a healthy and sustainable diet. However, smoked fish can provide significant amounts of salt (NaCl), which is inadequate considering that the reduction of its intake is a priority for public health authorities worldwide. The aim of this study was to develop smoked rainbow trout with reduced NaCl content without compromising its quality and safety. In Experiment I, optimal salting parameters (2% NaCl and 4 h) were selected. In Experiment II, different combinations of NaCl, KCl (with and without bitterness masking agent), or microencapsulated spices and aromatic plants were evaluated. In general, products prepared with different formulations showed similar microbiological and physicochemical characteristics. Nevertheless, the most desirable ratio of sodium/potassium and sensory scores was attributed to the formulations prepared with 50% NaCl + 50% KCl (with and without bitterness masking agent).
Comparison of positive rates between glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies and ElisaRSR™ 3 Screen ICA™ in recently obtained sera from patients who had been previously diagnosed with slowly progressive type 1 diabetes
Authors: Takehana Nobuaki , Fukui Tomoyasu , Mori Yusaku , Hiromura Munenori , Terasaki Michishige , Ohara Makoto , Takada Michiya , Tomoyasu Masako , Ito Yoshihisa , Kobayashi Tetsuro , Yamagishi Sho‐ichi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAims/IntroductionThis study aimed to compare the positivity rates of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA) and ElisaRSR™ 3 Screen ICA™ (3 Screen ICA), a newly developed assay for the simultaneous measurement of GADA, insulinoma‐associated antigen‐2 autoantibodies (IA‐2A), and zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies (ZnT8A), in recently obtained sera from patients who had been previously diagnosed with slowly progressive type 1 diabetes (SPIDDM).Materials and MethodsWe enrolled 53 patients with SPIDDM who were positive for GADA at the diagnosis and 98 non‐diabetic individuals, and investigated the diagnostic accuracy of the 3 Screen ICA (cutoff index ≥30 units) compared with that of GADA. In addition, we compared the clinical characteristics of patients with SPIDDM who were negative or positive on 3 Screen ICA.ResultsThe positivity rates of 3 Screen ICA, GADA, IA‐2A, and ZnT8A were 88.7, 86.8, 24.5, and 13.2%, respectively. The respective sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for SPIDDM were 88.7, 100, 100, and 94.2% by 3 Screen ICA and 86.8, 100, 100.0, and 93.3% by GADA. There were no significant differences in age at onset, duration of diabetes, body mass index, glycated hemoglobin and C‐peptide levels, and the prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis between patients with SPIDDM who were positive or negative on 3 Screen ICA. However, the prevalence of insulin users was significantly higher in those who were positive than in those who were negative on 3 Screen ICA.ConclusionsSimilar to GADA, 3 Screen ICA may be a useful diagnostic tool for detecting patients with SPIDDM.
The rise of the childless single in South Korea
Authors: Choi Kate H. , Qian Yue 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe review the literature to show why South Korea is witnessing a dramatic rise in young adults who opt into childless singlehood. We argue that social change occurred over a compressed amount of time in South Korea. Confucian familism and ideational factors specific to the Second Demographic Transition (SDT) coexist and collide. The demands of Confucian familism also tend to be incompatible with the socioeconomic realities facing young adults. Influenced by the ideational factors characterizing the SDT, young adults may feel that it is acceptable to forego marriage. However, due to the strong influence of Confucianism on the institution of marriage, they may perceive married life to be largely inflexible. Thus, when confronted with incompatibilities between married life and other life domains, growing shares of Korean young adults may avoid married life and opt for childless singlehood.
Rural disparities in use of family and formal caregiving for older adults with disabilities
Authors: Miller Katherine E. M. , Ornstein Katherine A. , Coe Norma B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs federal and state policies rebalance long‐term care from institutional settings to home‐ and community‐based settings, reliance on formal (paid) and family (unpaid) caregivers for support at home nationally has increased in recent years. Yet, it is unknown if use of formal and family care varies by rurality.MethodsUsing the Health and Retirement Study, we describe patterns in receipt of combinations of formal and family home care and self‐reported expectation of nursing home use by rurality among community‐dwelling adults aged 65+ with functional limitations from 2004 to 2016.ResultsOlder adults residing in rural areas are more likely to receive any family care than those in urban areas. From 2004 to 2016, a higher proportion of older adults in rural areas receive care from family caregivers exclusively while a lower proportion receive care from formal caregivers exclusively. When examining older adults in urban areas, we find the opposite — a higher proportion of urban adults rely exclusively on formal care and a lower proportion rely exclusively on family care in 2016 compared to 2004.ConclusionWe find that national estimates of sources of caregiving and their changes over time mask significant heterogeneity in uptake by rurality. Understanding how older adults in rural areas are, or are not, receiving home‐based care compared to their urban peers and how these patterns are changing over time is the first step to informing supports for family and formal caregivers.
Evaluation of dressings preventing facial medical device‐related pressure injury in medical staff during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhu Fangfang , Su Honghong , Kong Yue , Xu Baoling , Lv Qian , Lin Jiamin , Yi Luanxing , Xie Jieling 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimThis study systematically compared the efficacy of various dressings that may prevent facial medical device‐related pressure injury (MRDPI) in medical staff during the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, medical staff who are required to wear masks, goggles and other personal protective equipment (PPE) are susceptible to facial MRDPI, which exacerbates working conditions. Dressings can effectively prevent or alleviate MRDPI, but it is unclear which dressings are most effective.DesignA systematic review and network meta‐analysis, in accordance with PRISMA.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted in four English and four Chinese databases to identify relevant studies published up to 8 September 2022. The selected studies were randomised controlled trials, with populations comprising medical staff who wore PPE during the COVID‐19 pandemic and included an observation and control group.ResultsThe network meta‐analysis of the 12 selected articles showed that foam dressing, hydrocolloid dressing and petrolatum gauze were better than conventional protection for preventing MRDPI. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve indicated that foam dressing was the best preventative.ConclusionFoam dressing is more effective than other dressings in preventing facial MRDPI in medical staff. When PPE must be worn for many hours, such as during the COVID‐19 pandemic, medical staff can use foam dressings to prevent MRDPI.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results support the use of dressings, especially foam dressings, to prevent MRDPI in healthcare workers. The appropriate dressings are recommended to prevent MRDPI associated with wearing PPE.