bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annual stability of the plasma Aß40/42 ratio and associated factors
Authors: Nakamura Takumi , Kawarabayashi Takeshi , Nakahata Naoko , Itoh Ken , Ihara Kazushige , Nakaji Shigeyuki , Ikeda Yoshio , Takatama Masamitsu , Shoji Mikio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe plasma Aß40/42 ratio is a biomarker of brain amyloidosis. However, the threshold difference between amyloid positivity and negativity is only 10–20% and fluctuates with circadian rhythms, aging, and APOE‐ε4 during the decades of evolution of Alzheimer's disease.MethodsPlasma Aß40 and Aß42 levels in 1472 participants aged between 19 and 93 years in the Iwaki Health Promotion Project for 4 years were statistically analyzed.ResultsThe means and standard deviations of annual inter‐individual coefficients of variation were 5.3 ± 3.2% for Aß40, 7.8 ± 4.6% for Aß42, and 6.4 ± 4.1% for the Aß40/42 ratio. No significant age‐dependent changes were observed in inter‐individual coefficients of variation. Age‐dependent increases in Aβ42 levels were suppressed, whereas those in the Aβ40/42 ratio were enhanced in APOE‐ε4 carriers. The change points of Aß42, Aß40, and the Aß40/42 ratio were 36.4, 38.2, and 43.5 years, respectively. In the presence of APOE‐ε4, the Aß40/42 ratio increased in middle‐aged and elderly subjects while Aβ42 levels decreased in elderly subjects.InterpretationIndividual values for Aß40, Aß42, and the Aß40/42 ratio did not fluctuate annually or in an age‐dependent manner. If the plasma Aβ40/42 ratio changes by more than 14.7% (+2 standard deviations) relative to age‐ and APOE‐ε4‐adjusted normal annual fluctuations, other biomarkers also need to be examined.
Capillary Adhesion around the Shapes Optimized by Dissolution
Authors: Chen Xudong , Yuan Quanzi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCapillary adhesion is so remarkable in micro–nano technology that it can seriously influence accuracy and safety. The shapes optimized by dissolution provide a method to weaken or even eliminate capillary adhesion. Based on the dissolution experiments of soluble fibers, this work demonstrates that the process of dissolution is an optimization of the adhesion force, and the unique geometrical shapes sculpted by dissolution can effectively eliminate capillary adhesion. The mechanism of elimination is relevant to the stability of menisci around the optimized shapes. The surface roughness of soluble fibers is considered to emphasize the significant role of contact angle hysteresis (CAH), and the shapes optimized by dissolution with CAH are in great agreement with the experiment results. This study supplies a promising approach to eliminate capillary adhesion by designing geometrical shapes.
Oriented Covalent Organic Framework Film Synthesis from Azomethine Compounds
Authors: Tran Ly D. , Ree Brian J. , Ruditskiy Aleksey , Beagle Lucas K. , Selhorst Ryan C. , Sarker Biddut K. , Bhagwandin Dayanni D. , Miesle Paige , Drummy Lawrence F. , Durstock Michael F. , Rao Rahul , Koerner Hilmar , Glavin Nicholas R. , Baldwin Luke A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStrategies enabling solution processing of covalent organic framework (COF) thin films will become increasingly important as these versatile materials are integrated into a wide range of electronic and optical devices. This work highlights an approach to yield thin film synthesis of TAPA‐PDA (TAPA: tris(4‐aminophenyl)amine, PDA: terephthalaldehyde) and TAPB‐PDA (TAPB: 1,3,5‐tris(4‐aminophenyl)benzene) imine COFs using azomethine compounds which can be drop cast onto a variety of substrates. High crystalline COF films are shown to form on various electronically‐relevant substrates. Grazing incidence wide angle X‐ray scattering characterization reveals COF films with a preferred horizontal orientation in the case of TAPA‐PDA COF and a more mixed/vertical orientation in the TAPB‐PDA COF film regardless of the substrate. As this exciting class of crystalline organic materials becomes more relevant for various device applications, solution processing techniques will be vital to take advantage of the properties of thin film COFs.
High‐Resolution Lithography for High‐Frequency Organic Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Zschieschang Ute , Klauk Hagen , Borchert James W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOrganic thin‐film transistors are field‐effect transistors comprising a semiconductor in the form of a thin, typically polycrystalline layer of conjugated organic molecules. Since organic transistors can often be fabricated at temperatures no higher than about 100 °C, they are potentially useful for flexible, large‐area electronics applications. An important performance parameter of organic transistors is the transit frequency, which is the highest frequency at which the transistors can be operated. The transit frequency of organic transistors is determined in large part by the channel length and the parasitic gate‐to‐source and gate‐to‐drain overlap lengths. How small these dimensions can be made depends (at least in the case of transistors fabricated in the lateral device architecture) greatly on the resolution of the lithography method that is utilized for the patterning of the gate electrodes and the source and drain contacts. Patterning methods that have yielded organic transistors with lateral dimensions sufficiently small to provide transit frequencies above 10 MHz include photolithography, laser lithography, stencil lithography, and electron‐beam lithography. In this review, these four lithography methods and their roles in the fabrication of high‐frequency organic transistors, as well as their prospects for future improvements in the dynamic performance of organic transistors, will be illuminated.
Actuator Materials for Environmentally Powered Engines
Authors: Spinks Geoffrey M. , Abbasi Burhan B. A. , Gautam Aashrit , Mokhtari Fatemeh , Jiang Zhen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe first solid‐state engine that converted heat into continuous mechanical motion using a thermally responsive actuating material was introduced almost a century ago. These engines used vulcanized rubber where the cyclically heating and cooling of the rubber generate continuous mechanical power in pendulum or wheel type engines. The development of solid‐state heat engines has seen several waves of activity with interest stimulated by the introduction of new actuating materials capable of responding to different environmental stimuli. Opportunities for improved engine outputs are afforded by recently developed artificial muscle materials. A theoretical connection between engine output and the characteristics of the actuator material is developed to compare the performances of vulcanized rubber, shape memory alloys (SMAs), and twisted and coiled polymer (TCP) fiber artificial muscles. It is shown that with an engine designed to suit the actuation performance of TCPs engines powered by the tensile actuation of such materials would exceed the output of SMA heat engines. The properties needed in actuator materials to further enhance engine output are identified and polymer structures that may produce such properties are described.
N,N’‐Difluoro‐2,2’‐bipyridinium Bis(tetrafluoroborate): a New Terminal Oxidant for Iodoarene‐catalyzed Fluorination Reactions
Authors: Kitamura Tsugio , Kitamura Daichi , Oyamada Juzo , Higashi Masahiro , Kishikawa Yosuke 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA new N−F reagent, N,N′‐difluoro‐2,2′‐bipyridinium bis(tetrafluoroborate), for iodoarene‐catalyzed fluorination reactions as a terminal oxidant is reported. This reaction is effective for the fluorination of simple alkenes, aromatic alkenes and 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, giving 1,2‐difluorinated alkanes, geminal difluorinated compounds, 2‐fluorinated‐1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds in good to high yields, respectively. This is a useful fluorination reaction that not only improves the issues of the fluorination reaction using conventional mCPBA as a terminal oxidant but also constructs a simpler catalytic cycle. The present N−F reagent can be recovered as 2,2’‐bipyridine.
Effect of subsidies on farms' exit decision
Authors: Neyter Roman , Nivievskyi Oleg 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFarm exit plays a vital role in the overall productivity growth of the industry. However, little attention is paid to the effects of different support policies on the exit decision. In this paper, we analyze and compare two subsidy schemes—direct subsidies and tax benefits in the form of the special value‐added tax regime on the exit decision. Employing a mixed‐effect logistic model and the farm‐level panel data of Ukrainian commercial farms, we found that both subsidy schemes have a similar effect on the exit decision and reduce the probability of leaving the market. However, this effect is contemporaneous only. The subsidy a farm receives in the current year does not affect next year's exit decision. [EconLit Citations: D22, Q12, Q13, Q18].
Avelumab for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma—A multicenter real‐world experience in Israel
Authors: Averbuch Itamar , Stoff Ronen , Miodovnik Mor , Fennig Shlomit , Bar‐Sela Gil , Yakobson Alexander , Daliot Jonathan , Asher Nethanel , Fenig Eyal 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy of the skin, affecting predominantly the fair‐skinned older population exposed to high levels of ultraviolet light. Immune suppression is considered a significant risk factor. With the recent advances in the field of immunotherapy, the treatment paradigm for advanced MCC, traditionally based on chemotherapy, has largely shifted to anti‐PD‐L1 and PD‐1 agents such as avelumab and pembrolizumab, respectively. However, real‐world data remain sparse. The aim of this study was to assess real‐world evidence of the effectiveness of avelumab in a diverse group of patients with MCC in Israel.MethodsThe electronic databases of five university hospitals in Israel were searched for all consecutive patients with MCC treated with at least one dose of avelumab in 2018–2022. Data on baseline, disease‐related, treatment‐related, and outcome parameters were collected and analyzed.ResultsThe cohort included 62 patients of whom 22% were immune‐suppressed. The overall response rate to avelumab was 59%. The median progression‐free survival was 8.1 months, and the median overall survival, 23.5 months, with no differences between immune‐competent and immune‐suppressed patients. Treatment was well tolerated; any‐grade toxicity developed in 34% of patients, and grade 3–4 toxicity, in 14%.ConclusionsAvelumab was found to be effective and safe for the treatment of advanced MCC in a diverse group of patients, including some with immune suppression. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the optimal sequence and duration of treatment and to assess the potential role of avelumab for earlier stages of MCC.
Pressureless all‐solid‐state Na/S batteries with self‐supporting Na5YSi4O12 scaffolds
Authors: Yang Aikai , Ye Ruijie , Song Huimin , Lu Qiongqiong , Wang Xingchao , Dashjav Enkhtsetseg , Yao Kai , Grüner Daniel , Ma Qianli , Tietz Frank , Guillon Olivier 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe development of reliable and affordable all‐solid‐state sodium metal batteries (ASS‐SMBs) requires suitable solid‐state electrolytes with cost‐efficient processing and stabilized electrode/electrolyte interfaces. Here, an integrated porous/dense/porous Na5YSi4O12 (NYS) trilayered scaffold is designed and fabricated by tape casting using aqueous slurries. In this template‐based NYS scaffold, the dense layer in the middle serves as a separator and the porous layers on both sides accommodate the active materials with their volume changes during the charge/discharge processes, increasing the contact area and thus enhancing the utilization rate and homogenizing the current distribution. The Na/NYS/Na symmetric cells with the Pb‐coated NYS scaffold exhibit significantly reduced interfacial impedance and superior critical current density of up to 3.0 mA cm−2 against Na metal owing to enhanced wettability. Furthermore, the assembled Na/NYS/S full cells operated without external pressure at room temperature showed a high initial discharge capacity of 970 mAh g−1 and good cycling stability with a capacity of 600 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles (based on the mass of sulfur). This approach paves the way for the realization of economical and practical ASS‐SMBs from the perspective of ceramic manufacturing.
From Chemotherapy to Phototherapy – Changing the Therapeutic Action of a Metallo‐Intercalating RuII‐ReI Luminescent System by Switching its Sub‐Cellular Location
Authors: Saeed Hiwa K. , Jarman Paul J. , Sreedharan Sreejesh , Mowll Rachel , Auty Alexander J. , Chauvet Adrien A. P. , Smythe Carl G. W. , de la Serna Jorge Bernardino , Thomas Jim A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of a new heterodinuclear ReIRuII metallointercalator containing RuII(dppz) and ReI(dppn) moieties is reported. Cell‐free studies reveal that the complex has similar photophysical properties to its homoleptic M(dppz) analogue and it also binds to DNA with a similar affinity. However, the newly reported complex has very different in‐cell properties to its parent. In complete contrast to the homoleptic system, the RuII(dppz)/ReI(dppn) complex is not intrinsically cytotoxic but displays appreciable phototoxic, despite both complexes displaying very similar quantum yields for singlet oxygen sensitization. Optical microscopy suggests that the reason for these contrasting biological effects is that whereas the homoleptic complex localises in the nuclei of cells, the RuII(dppz)/ReI(dppn) complex preferentially accumulates in mitochondria. These observations illustrate how even small structural changes in metal based therapeutic leads can modulate their mechanism of action.
Covalently Crosslinked Networks from Telechelic Polycyclooctene with Reinforced Properties
Authors: Zheng Shengquan , Liu Yue , Si Guifu , Chen Min 
Published: April 2023

Comprehensive SummaryIntroducing covalently crosslinked network to telechelic polymers can enable the formation of advanced polymeric materials with enhanced material properties. In this contribution, well‐defined telechelic polymers bearing acetoacetate groups were synthesized via Ru‐catalyzed ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of cyclooctene in the presence of chain transfer agents. Given the unique feature of muti‐site reactive acetoacetate end groups, several crosslinked networks were constructed using different crosslinkers under mild conditions. In the Michael addition reaction system, the introduction of di/trifunctional aliphatic acrylate as crosslinkers significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the generated crosslinked network (tensile strength up to 27 MPa, elongation at break up to 500%). On the other hand, vitrimers with dynamic covalent crosslinked networks were accessed via transamination of vinylogous urethane reaction using telechelic polymers and tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine. These vitrimers presented great mechanical properties and reprocessing properties. These strategies can be potentially applied to construct other types of high‐performance polymeric materials.
Materials Nanoarchitectonics: Collaboration between Chem, Nano and Mat
Authors: Ariga Katsuhiko 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNanoarchitectonics is the methodology for production of functional materials from nano‐units. In nanoarchitectonics, the conversion of molecules (chemistry, Chem), the control of nanostructures (nanotechnology, Nano), and the production of materials (materials science, Mat) are essential elements. In order to explain the contribution of Chem, Nano, and Mat to nanoarchitectonics, this review article is described according to two major sections, Chem & Nano and Nano to Mat. In Chem & Nano section, the integration of chemistry and nanotechnology is overviewed, and the next section, Nano to Mat, illustrates how molecules and nanomaterials are architecturally transformed into functional materials. These include supramolecular polymers and functional metal‐organic frameworks, which have attracted widespread attention, as well as emerging areas such as organic reactions by nanotechnology, chemical synthesis in nanospace, and material creation by dynamic motions at interfaces. It is emphasized that Chem+Nano+Mat is essential for nanoarchitectonics.
Agro‐morphological characterization and diversity analysis of Coffea arabica germplasm collection from INIA, Peru
Authors: Paredes‐Espinosa Richard , Gutiérrez‐Reynoso Dina L. , Atoche‐Garay Diego , Mansilla‐Córdova Pedro Javier , Abad‐Romaní Yudi , Girón‐Aguilar Carolina , Flores‐Torres Itala , Montañez‐Artica Ana Gabriela , Arbizu Carlos I. , Guerra Carlos A. Amasifuen , Quintana Jorge L. Maicelo , Poemape Carlos , Guerrero‐Abad Juan Carlos 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCoffee (Coffea arabica L.) plays a major role in the economy of Peru and the world. The present study aims to elucidate the agro‐morphological variability of coffee genotypes maintained in the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation (INIA) germplasm collection. Therefore, 20 vegetative, reproductive, and phytosanitary traits of 162 coffee accessions of INIA's germplasm collection were evaluated and analyzed. Correlation results indicate that a simultaneous selection of characters, such as number of branches per plant, number of nodes per branch, leaf area, and weight of a hundred fruits, can contribute to increase coffee yields. Additionally, coffee yield was negatively correlated with the incidence and severity of coffee leaf rust, and interestingly the occurrence of small and compact coffee plants with high resistance to the disease was also found. The analysis of Tocher and Mahalanobis D2 determined the formation of 10 groups of divergent coffee accessions; where clusters 1 (accession codes 20, 29, 38, 54, 67, 71, 117, 24, 26, and 27), 5 (accession codes 46 and 53), 9 (accession code 159), and 10 (accession code 203) group promising accessions that can be used in breeding programs. Principal component analysis showed that at least five of its principal components managed to explain 70.01% of the total variation in the collection. Finally, the high coefficients obtained for the phenotypic, genotypic, and heritability variation confirm the existence of additive genes in the evaluated population, that would ensure the success of coffee breeding programs based on the selection of traits of agronomic importance.
Combining FD‐UAV and NOMA technologies in IoT sensor network with millimeter‐wave communications
Authors: Thi Tam Dinh , Cao Nguyen Ba , Manh Hoang Tran , The Dung Le , Vinh Nguyen Van , Kim Taejoon , Lee Wonseok 
Published: April 2023

SummaryIn this article, we exploit the huge advantages of full‐duplex (FD) transmission, nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and millimeter‐wave (mmWave) communications in an Internet of things (IoT) sensor network. Specifically, the UAV operates as a FD amplify‐and‐forward (AF) relay to aid communications between an IoT sensor and multiple NOMA users. Moreover, the FD‐UAV (FDU) adopts both fixed and variable gains. We obtain exact expressions of outage probability (OP) and throughput of IoT‐FDU‐NOMA‐mmWave network with fixed and variable gains at FDU over Nakagami‐ fading channels. Numerical illustrations clearly show that the OP and throughput performance of the IoT‐FDU‐NOMA‐mmWave network with variable gain are considerably higher than those with fixed gain. Since mmWave bands are used, the OP and throughput of the IoT‐FDU‐NOMA‐mmWave network are greatly affected by carrier frequency and communication distances. Consequently, when the carrier frequency or/and the distances between the IoT sensor and the users increase, the transmit power of the IoT sensor and the FDU should be increased to maintain the network performance. On the other hand, the effects of residual loop interference (LI) induced by FD transmission are remarkable. Thus, more efforts to reduce the residual LI power have to be continuously performed. Moreover, the specific impacts of the key parameters such as fading order , the positions of the FDU, and data rates are clarified. More importantly, in practice, according to the fixed gain or the variable gain that is used, we can locate the position of FDU to achieve the best performance for the IoT‐FDU‐NOMA‐mmWave network.
Study on the decomposition characteristics of ammonium bisulfate and fly ash blend deposition during the heating process
Authors: Ni Yuguo , Rong Yan , Yu Xinfeng , Huang Shengyao , Xue Xue , Zhou Hao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAmmonium bisulfate (ABS; NH4HSO4) and ash blend deposition endanger the boiler's safety by blocking and corroding air preheater in coal‐fired power plants. In this work, a self‐heating probe was used to investigate the decomposition characteristics of ABS and fly ash blend deposition after heating at 365°C for 5, 15, and 30 min. The results showed that after heating for 15 min, ash deposition was peeled off from the probe surface. When it came to 30 min, the metal surface of the probe could be seen. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that extending the heating time could alleviate the agglomeration of ash particles. After the deposition stage, the stable relative heat flux density was about 0.868, and it increased after heating. When the heating time was 5, 15, and 30 min, it was 0.954, 0.978, and 0.989, respectively. According to X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results, the main minerals in the deposition were quartz, mullite, tschermigite (NH4Al(SO4)2·12H2O), CaSO4, ammonium sulfate (AS; (NH4)2SO4), ABS, (NH4)3Al(SO4)3, and godovikovite (NH4Al(SO4)2). The thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) results indicated that after heating, the total content of ABS and AS in cases 1 ~ 4 was 2.03%, 1.33%, 0.75%, and 0.70%, respectively. This work can assist in air preheater design and ash deposition removal.
A discrete‐element approach accounting for P‐Delta effects
Authors: Cusmano Valeria , Pantò Bartolomeo , Rapicavoli Davide , Caliò Ivo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a discrete macro‐element accounting for P‐Delta effects to describe the rocking response of masonry walls subjected to out‐of‐plane (OOP) loadings. Both constitutive and geometric nonlinearities are considered within the discrete macro‐element method (DMEM), which is a modeling approach characterized by a very low computational cost compared to traditional distinct element method (DEM) and detailed finite element (FEM) strategies. OOP failure mechanisms are the main cause of severe damage for unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings, subjected to seismic actions. These mechanisms are generally activated by low seismic excitation and displacements. However, after their activation, they can evolve towards large displacements related to rigid‐block‐like kinematics that strongly affects the nonlinear mechanical response. Therefore, geometric nonlinearities, often ignored, should be included in the analyses. A new simplified, still accurate P‐Delta formulation is presented, according to which the global equilibrium is imposed by referring to the undeformed system configuration, avoiding assembling the geometric stiffness matrix. Namely, the system load vector is updated at each step of the analysis, accounting for the additional moments generated by the in‐plane compression forces acting on the macro‐elements in the deformed configuration. The proposed model is validated against closed‐form analytical solutions of rigid‐block benchmarks in large displacements and the results of experimental tests already available in the literature. In addition, extensive parametric analyses are performed to investigate the role of different mechanical and geometric parameters characterizing the ultimate non‐linear response of masonry walls subjected to horizontal forces. The results show how the proposed model, including P‐Delta effects, accurately predicts the non‐linear rocking response of masonry walls until the attainment of the unstable configuration.