bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A General Guide for Harmonizing Data: Drawing Lessons from Harmonizing COVID-19 PHSM Data
Authors: Cheng Cindy , Messerschmidt Luca , Bravo Issac , Waldbauer Marco , Bhavikatti Rohan , Schenk Caress , Grujic Vanja , Model Tim , Kubinec Robert , Barceló Joan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Data harmonization is an important method for generating the requisite datasets to support big data analyses. To date however, articles about data harmonization are field-specific and highly technical, making it difficult for researchers to derive general principles for how to engage in and contextualize data harmonization efforts. This article provides general guidance and criteria for researchers who are considering undertaking such efforts or seek to evaluate the quality of existing ones. We derive these guidelines from the extant literature and our own experience in harmonizing data for the emergent and important new field of COVID-19 public health and safety measures (PHSM). We further introduce the methodology we employed for engaging in this data harmonization as a blueprint for researchers interested in engaging in manual data harmonization.
Janus-faced fucose as a nutrient ligand for Dikarya and a building block of Early Diverging Lineages
Authors: Orłowska Małgorzata , Barua Drishtee , Piłsyk Sebastian , Muszewska Anna 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Fucose is a deoxyhexose sugar present and studied in mammals. The process of fucosylation has been the primary focus in studies relating to fucose in animals due to the presence of fucose in Lewis antigens. Very few studies have reported its presence in Fungi, mostly in Mucoromycotina. The constitution of 25% and 12% of this sugar in the carbohydrates of cell wall in the respective Umbelopsis and Mucorales strains boosts the need to bridge the gap of knowledge on fucose metabolism across the fungal tree of life. In the absence of a network map involving fucose proteins, we carried out an in-silico approach to construct the fucose metabolic map in Fungi. We analyzed the taxonomic distribution of 85 protein families in Fungi including diverse early diverging fungal lineages. The expression of fucose-related protein-coding genes proteins was validated with the help of transcriptomic data originating from representatives of early diverging fungi. We found proteins involved in several metabolic activities apart from fucosylation such as synthesis, transport and binding. Most of the identified protein families are shared with Metazoa suggesting an ancestral origin in Opisthokonta. However, the overall complexity of fucose metabolism is greater in Metazoa than in Fungi. Massive gene loss has shaped the evolutionary history of these metabolic pathways leading to a repeated complete deletion in most yeast-forming lineages. Our results point to a distinctive mode of utilization of fucose among fungi belonging to Dikarya and the early diverging lineages. While Dikarya used fucose as a source of nutrients for metabolism, the early diverging group of fungi depended on fucose as a building block and signaling compound.
Zaangażowanie i gotowość nauczycieli wychowania przedszkolnego pracujących na Mazowszu w proces realizacji treści związanych z szeroko rozumianą ekologią
Authors: Mikler-Chwastek Anna 
Published: February 2023

W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań prowadzonych w 2022 roku z udziałem nauczycieli wychowania przedszkolnego z województwa mazowieckiego. Ich celem było ustalenie, w jaki sposób nauczyciele wychowania przedszkolnego pracujący na co dzień z dziećmi angażują się w proces realizacji treści związanych z szeroko rozumianą ekologią. Realizując cel, postawiłam następujące pytania badawcze:

czy nauczyciele wychowania przedszkolnego realizują treść ekologiczne w grupie przedszkolnej;
jak często prezentują te treści;
jaki rodzaj treści ekologicznych nauczyciele prezentują swoim podopiecznym;
czy nauczyciel czuje się odpowiednio przygotowany do prowadzenia zajęć w przedszkolu z tematyki dotyczącej ekologii i zrównoważonego rozwoju.

W artykule poza wynikami badań zawarto przegląd literatury, procedurę badawczą oraz wnioski.
Manganese-independent Reverse Transcriptase Activity of Tth DNA
Polymerase with Two Amino Acid Substitutions
Authors: Luo Zhidan , Xue Yong , Chen Xiaoyu , Zhang Jian , Lu Chen 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The DNA polymerase of Thermus thermophilus (Tth pol) presents reverse
transcriptase activity with Mn2+, and can be used for one-step RT-qPCR. However, Mn2+ would reduce
amplification fidelity and cause nonspecific products.

Objective:
Eliminating the Mn2+ dependence of the reverse transcriptase activity of Tth pol by point
mutations.

Methods:
We constructed three variants I640F, I709K, and I640F/I709K, and measured their DNA
polymerase and reverse transcriptase activities without Mn2+. Their enzymatic characteristics and PCR
inhibitor resistance were also tested. Finally, these variants were applied in one-step RT-qPCR.

Results:
All three variants presented reverse transcriptase activity with Mg2+ only and increased DNA
polymerase activity. The variants, except I709K, showed no significant difference in thermostability,
optimal pH, optimal NaCl concentration, storage stability and PCR inhibitor resistance compared to the
wild type. Variant I640F/I709K had good performance in one-step RT-qPCR with Mg2+ only, whereas
both variants with single substitution exhibited nonspecific amplification.

Conclusion:
We successfully constructed three Tth pol variants possessing Mn2+ independent reverse
transcriptase activity. The variant I640F/I709K was suitable for one-step RT-qPCR because of its good
performance.
Network Pharmacology and Integrated Molecular Docking Study on the Mechanism
of the Therapeutic Effect of Fangfeng Decoction in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Jiang Zehui , Wang Wenqiao , Li Min , Si Hongzong 
Published: February 2023

Background:
At present, there are no effective pharmacologic therapies for attenuating the course of osteoarthritis (OA) in humans and current therapies are geared to mitigating symptoms. Fangfeng decoction (FFD) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescribed for the treatment of OA. In the past, FFD has achieved positive clinical outcomes in alleviating the symptoms of OA in China. However, its mechanism of action has not yet been clarified.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to investigate and explore the mechanism of FFD and how the compound interacts with the target of OA; network pharmacology and molecular docking methods were applied in this study.

Methods:
The active components of FFD were screened by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database according to the inclusion criteria as oral bioactivity (OB) ≥30% and drug likeness (DL) ≥0.18. Then, gene name conversion was performed through the UniProt website. The related target genes of OA were obtained from the Genecards database. Core components, targets, and signaling pathways were obtained through compound-target-pathway (C-T-P) and protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were built using Cytoscape 3.8.2 software. Matescape database was utilized to get gene ontology (GO) function enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment of gene targets. The interactions of key targets and components were analyzed by molecular docking in Sybyl 2.1 software.

Results:
A total of 166 potential effective components,148 FFD-related targets, and 3786 OA-related targets were obtained. Finally, 89 common potential target genes were confirmed. Pathway enrichment results showed that HIF-1 and CAMP signaling pathways were considered key pathways. The screening of core components and targets was achieved through the CTP network. The core targets and active components were obtained according to the CTP network. The molecular docking results showed that quercetin, medicarpin, and wogonin of FFD could bind to NOS2, PTGS2, and AR, respectively.

Conclusion:
FFD is effective in the treatment of OA. It may be caused by the effective binding of the relevant active components of FFD to the targets of OA.
Cardiac Computed Tomography to Guide the Selection of Better Display
Angle of Cardiac Right Ventricular Pacing Electrode in Radiography
Authors: Wang Zhan Hong , Miao HongGuang , Wang Wei Qin , Kang SiYao , Jin HaiYing , Liu Dong Ting , Zhang Jun Meng 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Traditional radiography angles do not adequately reveal the shape and position
of the right ventricular pacing electrode.

Objective:
This study aimed to explore better radiography angles with the help of cardiac computed
tomography (CT).

Methods:
We analyzed the cardiac CT images of consecutive outpatients from 2018 to 2019. The right
anterior oblique (RAO) 30° and the left anterior oblique (LAO) 40° were found to sufficiently display
the shape and position of the right ventricular pacing electrode.

Results:
A total of 214 consecutive outpatients were enrolled, whose average age was 55.0 ± 13.0
years, and 151 were male (70.6%). Through analyzing the cardiac CT images, the α angle (33.7° ± 6.1)
and the γ angle (38.8° ± 8.0) were determined. Furthermore, we verified these angles in 48 patients
after pacemaker implantation. The results showed that the ratio of the length of right ventricular electrode
using the RAO α angle (≈30°) to the posterior-anterior position (PA position) was 1.099 ± 0.157
VS 1.053 ± 0.182 (the ratio using the traditional RAO 45°) (P < 0.001). We observed that the relationship
between the right ventricular active electrode and the ventricular septum was better identified
using the LAO γ angle (≈40°) than the traditional 60° angle.

Conclusion:
With the help of cardiac CT, we found that RAO 30° could better show the shape and
length of the right ventricular pacing electrode, and LAO 40° could better show the positional relationship
between the pacing electrode and the ventricular septum.
The Role of Theragnostics in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review of the
Last 12 Years
Authors: Balma Michele , Liberini Virginia , Buschiazzo Ambra , Racca Manuela , Rizzo Alessio , Nicolotti Daniele Giovanni , Laudicella Riccardo , Quartuccio Natale , Longo Michelangelo , Perlo Giorgia , Terreno Enzo , Abgral Ronan , William Huellner Martin , Papaleo Alberto , Deandreis Désirée 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, with high morbidity and mortality. Molecular alterations in breast cancer involve the expression or upregulation of various molecular targets that can be used for diagnostic nuclear medicine imaging and radiopharmaceutical treatment. Theragnostics is based on the binding of radionuclides to molecular targets. These radionuclides can induce a cytotoxic effect on the specific tumor cell (target) or its vicinity, thus allowing a personalized approach to patients with effective treatment and comparably small side effects.

Aim:
This review aims to describe the most promising molecular targets currently under investigation for theragnostics and precision oncology in breast cancer.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature search of studies on theragnostics in breast cancer was performed in the PubMed, PMC, Scopus, Google Scholar, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane library databases, between 2010 and 2022, using the following terms: breast neoplasm*, breast, breast cancer*, theragnostic*, theranostic*, radioligand therap*, RLT, MET, FLT, FMISO, FES, estradiol, trastuzumab, PD-L1, PSMA, FAPI, FACBC, fluciclovine, FAZA, GRPR, DOTATOC, DOTATATE, CXC4, endoglin, gastrin, mucin1, and syndecan1.

Results:
Fifty-three studies were included in the systematic review and summarized in six clinical sections: 1) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2); 2) somatostatin receptors (SSTRS); 3) prostate-specific membrane antigen radiotracers (PSMA); 4) fibroblast activation protein-α targeted radiotracers; 5) gastrin-releasing peptide receptor-targeted radiotracers; 6) other radiotracers for theragnostics.

Conclusion:
The theragnostic approach will progressively allow better patient selection, and improve the prediction of response and toxicity, avoiding unnecessary and costly treatment.
A Novel Nanocomposite Scaffold Based on Polyurethane (PU) Containing
Cobalt Nanoparticles (CoNPs) for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Norouz Faezeh , Poormoghadam Delaram , Halabian Raheleh , Ghiasi Mohsen , Monfaredi Monireh , Salimi Ali 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Bone tissue engineering, as a relatively new approach, has focused on combining
biodegradable scaffolds, cells, and biologically active molecules for the recovery of different damaged
tissues, such as bone defects. Polyurethane (PU), as a synthetic polymer, benefits from a porous structure
which impersonates bone's natural environment. However, PU lacks osteoinduction activities. Cobalt
nanoparticles (CoNPs) stimulate angiogenesis and biomineralization, which greatly favors osteogenesis.

Methods:
Here, we designed a novel scaffold based on PU and combined it with CoNPs for bone regeneration
applications. The composition and structure of PU-CoNPs nanocomposite were characterized
using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC). MTT and AO data showed biocompatibility and enhanced viability
and proliferation of fibroblasts on PU-CoNPs scaffold. Ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, β-glycerophosphate,
and dexamethasone-induced osteogenesis for 14 days.

Results:
The alkaline phosphatase test asserts the increased mineralization of hADSCs cultured on PUCoNPs
compared to pure PU scaffold. Further, the results disclosed an elevated osteogenic differentiation
at the level of genes and proteins using immunocytochemical analysis (ICC) and quantitative real-time
PCR (qPCR).

Conclusion:
These findings provide an evidence that PU-CoNPs nanocomposite might be a promising
candidate for bone repair applications.
Facial Emotion Recognition using Wavelet Analysis and Histogram of
Oriented Gradients of Image
Authors: Mohanta Soumya Ranjan , Veer Karan 
Published: February 2023

Background:
A number of disciplines, including security, healthcare, and human-machine
interactions, have presented and used techniques for emotion recognition based on facial expressions.

Objective:
To increase computer prediction, researchers are advancing the methods for deciphering
code and extracting facial emotions.

Methods:
The contamination of the image with noise, which alters the features of the images and ultimately
impacts the accuracy of the system, is one of the major issues in this sector. Thus, noise
should be eliminated or diminished. The wavelet transform approach is used in this study to denoise
the images before categorization. The classification accuracies for original images are also obtained to
analyze the effect of denoising on the classification accuracy of the facial expression images.

Results and Conclusion:
Three machine learning approaches, support vector machine, k-nearest
neighbor, and naive bayes, are utilized to classify the emotions in this instance. The feature employed
is the histogram of directional gradients of images. The classification results are obtained and the effect
of denoising on the classification accuracy of the facial expression images is analyzed. Also, our
best-obtained result for the wavelet transform method is compared with other wavelet transform-based
facial emotion recognition techniques. And our result is found to be promising.
Optimization Design and Experimental Study of Cooling System in a High
Voltage Induction Motor after Power Density Upgrade
Authors: Lü Qingqing , Wang Xiaojun , Yang Liquan , Tian Gaowei , Li Guangxi 
Published: February 2023

Background:
In order to upgrade a motor based on the YXKK450-2 for high power
density with high efficiency, low energy consumption, and low weight with the same volume,
its power is increased from the original 900 kW to 1250 kW. To ensure good ventilation and
heat dissipation characteristics, it is necessary to redesign the ventilation and cooling system of
the entire machine.

Methods:
Based on the finite volume method, a physical model of the entire flow field of the
motor's inner and outer air passages was established. The internal and external cooling systems
of the motor were simulated, and the fluid flow law of the cooling system was realized. By extracting
the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the cooler and the circulating
cooling air velocity in the inner air passage, the boundary conditions for calculating the flowheat
coupling field were determined. The temperature rise trend and overall temperature distribution
were obtained.

Results:
The results of the test resistance method were in good agreement with the numerical
simulation test results, The temperature rise error was 4%, and the wind speed value error was
2.7%, all within allowable limits (<s5%), verifying the accuracy and effectiveness of the calculation
method.

Conclusion:
An accurate prediction of motor temperature rise, fluid flow law, and temperature
distribution is achieved.
Evaluation of a Mobile-Based Immunization Decision Support System for Scheduling Age-Appropriate Vaccine Schedules for Children Younger Than 2 Years in Pakistan and Bangladesh: Lessons From a Multisite, Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Siddiqi Danya Arif , Ali Rozina Feroz , Shah Mubarak Taighoon , Dharma Vijay Kumar , Khan Anokhi Ali , Roy Tapash , Chandir Subhash 
Published: February 2023

Background
Missed opportunities for vaccination (MOVs), that is, when children interact with the health system but fail to receive age-eligible vaccines, pose a crucial challenge for equitable and universal immunization coverage. Inaccurate interpretations of complex catch-up schedules by health workers contribute to MOVs.

Objective
We assessed the feasibility of a mobile-based immunization decision support system (iDSS) to automatically construct age-appropriate vaccination schedules for children and to prevent MOVs.

Methods
A sequential exploratory mixed methods study was conducted at 6 immunization centers in Pakistan and Bangladesh. An android-based iDSS that is packaged in the form of an application programming interface constructed age-appropriate immunization schedules for eligible children. The diagnostic accuracy of the iDSS was measured by comparing the schedules constructed by the iDSS with the gold standard of evaluation (World Health Organization–recommended Expanded Programme on Immunization schedule constructed by a vaccines expert). Preliminary estimates were collected on the number of MOVs among visiting children (caused by inaccurate vaccination scheduling by vaccinators) that could be reduced through iDSS by comparing the manual schedules constructed by vaccinators with the gold standard. Finally, the vaccinators’ understanding, perceived usability, and acceptability of the iDSS were determined through interviews with key informants.

Results
From July 5, 2019, to April 11, 2020, a total of 6241 immunization visits were recorded from 4613 eligible children. Data were collected for 17,961 immunization doses for all antigens. The iDSS correctly scheduled 99.8% (17,932/17,961) of all age-appropriate immunization doses compared with the gold standard. In comparison, vaccinators correctly scheduled 96.8% (17,378/17,961) of all immunization doses. A total of 3.2% (583/17,961) of all due doses (across antigens) were missed in age-eligible children by the vaccinators across both countries. Vaccinators reported positively on the usefulness of iDSS, as well as the understanding and benefits of the technology.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated the feasibility of a mobile-based iDSS to accurately construct age-appropriate vaccination schedules for children aged 0 to 23 months across multicountry and low- and middle-income country settings, and underscores its potential to increase immunization coverage and timeliness by eliminating MOVs.
Geographic, Demographic, and Socioeconomic Disparities and Factors Associated With Cancer Literacy in China: National Cross-sectional Study
Authors: He Siyi , Li He , Cao Maomao , Sun Dianqin , Yang Fan , Yan Xinxin , Zhang Shaoli , Xia Changfa , Yu Yiwen , Zhao Liang , Shi Jufang , Li Ni , Yu Xue Qin , Chen Wanqing , He Jie 
Published: February 2023

Background
Cancer literacy is associated with several health-related behaviors and outcomes. However, there is still a lack of nationwide surveys for cancer literacy in China.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate cancer literacy in China, explore disparities, and provide scientific evidence for policy makers.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in mainland China in 2021 using the multistage probability proportional to the size sampling method. Both the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were evaluated. The awareness levels were adjusted by sampling weights and nonrepresentativeness weights to match the actual population distributions. The Rao-Scott adjusted chi-square test was applied to test geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic disparities. A generalized linear model was used to explore potential factors.

Results
A total of 80,281 participants aged 15-74 years were finally enrolled from 21 provinces, with an overall response rate of 89.32%. The national rate of cancer literacy was 70.05% (95% CI 69.52%-70.58%). The rates were highest regarding knowledge of cancer management (74.96%, 95% CI 74.36%-75.56%) but were lowest regarding basic knowledge of cancer (66.77%, 95% CI 66.22%-67.33%). Cancer literacy was highest in East China (72.65%, 95% CI 71.82%-73.49%), Central China (71.73%, 95% CI 70.65%-72.81%), and North China (70.73%, 95% CI 68.68%-72.78%), followed by Northeast (65.38%, 95% CI 64.54%-66.22%) and South China (63.21%, 95% CI 61.84%-64.58%), whereas Southwest (59.00%, 95% CI 58.11%-59.89%) and Northwest China (57.09%, 95% CI 55.79%-58.38%) showed a need for improvement. Demographic and socioeconomic disparities were also observed. Urban dwellers, the Han ethnic group, and population with higher education level or household income were associated with prior knowledge. The questionnaire showed generally good internal and external reliability and validity.

Conclusions
It remains important for China to regularly monitor levels of cancer literacy, narrow disparities, and strengthen health education for dimensions with poor performance and for individuals with limited knowledge to move closer to the goal of Healthy China 2030.
Três frentes da política externa do governo Lula para a América Central e o Caribe
Authors: Maia Eduardo 
Published: February 2023

Este artigo se insere em uma lacuna dentro de um objeto bastante discutido, além de oferecer uma perspectiva que pode auxiliar a compreensão da política externa brasileira e fundamentar futuras pesquisas. O objetivo é analisar a política externa do governo Lula para a região da América Central e do Caribe. Propõe-se que a atuação brasileira se deu em três frentes: social-humanitária, econômica e político-estratégica. O trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir do conteúdo das Resenhas de Política Exterior do Brasil e de pesquisa da bibliografia brasileira existente sobre a política externa do período. Conclui-se que a região ganhou importância, sem, no entanto, alterar sua condição como eixo secundário da política externa, permanecendo em posição subordinada a outras regiões e objetivos.