bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ZO‐1 expression in normal human macula densa: Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence investigations
Authors: Tossetta Giovanni , Fantone Sonia , Senzacqua Martina , Galosi Andrea Benedetto , Marzioni Daniela , Morroni Manrico 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe macula densa (MD) is an anatomical structure having a plaque shape, placed in the distal end of thick ascending limb of each nephron and belonging to juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA). The aim of the present investigation is to investigate the presence of ZO‐1, a specific marker of tight juncions (TJs), in MD cells. Six samples of normal human renal tissue were embedded in paraffin for ZO‐1 expression analysis by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence techniques. We detected ZO‐1 expression in the apical part of cell membrane in MD cells by immunohistochemistry. In addition, ZO‐1 and nNOS expressions (a specific marker of MD) were colocalized in MD cells providing clear evidence of TJs presence in normal human MD. Since ZO‐1 is responsible for diffusion barrier formation, its presence in the MD supports the existence of a tubulomesangial barrier that ensures a regulated exchange between MD and JGA effectors in renal and glomerular haemodynamic homeostasis.
The efficacy of adding topical 5‐fluorouracil to micro‐needling in the treatment of vitiligo: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pazyar Nader , Hatami Mohammad , Yaghoobi Reza , Parvar Seyedeh Yasamin , Radmanesh Mohammad , Hadibarhaghtalab Maryam 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and AimVitiligo is an autoimmune skin disorder characterized by circumscribed depigmented macules and patches caused by the loss of functional melanocytes. Although there is no definitive treatment for vitiligo, several treatment options have been associated with relative satisfactory outcomes. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of micro‐needling in conjunction with topical 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) versus topical tacrolimus ointment in treating vitiligo patches.Patients and MethodsThis study included nineteen participants, each of whom received both treatments on two randomly selected vitiligo patches of approximately the same size and location. On one patch, a combination of weekly micro‐needling and topical application of 5‐FU solution was used every other day, while on the other, 0.1% tacrolimus topical ointment was applied twice daily. The G‐score was used to compare treatment outcomes after 3 months.ResultsThe median duration of the disease in our population was 7 years. Six patients (32%) in the micro‐needling plus topical 5‐FU treated group showed a moderate to excellent response, indicating a significant improvement between both treatments (p‐value = 0.019). In contrast, all other patches treated with topical tacrolimus showed poor improvement. Lower extremity and trunk responded more to treatment with micro‐needling plus topical 5‐FU than upper extremity and acral areas. Moreover, none of those who have had the disease for more than ten years have responded to treatment. Mild erythema, pinpoint bleeding, and irritation were detected only in the micro‐needling treated group.ConclusionThe current study showed that using micro‐needling in conjunction with 5‐FU could treat vitiligo patients more efficiently than tacrolimus monotherapy. Despite showing moderate to excellent improvement in patches treated with micro‐needling and 5‐FU, this well‐tolerated office‐based modality still requires additional research.
An umbrella review of the use of platelet‐rich plasma in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Li Caihong , Pan Lingfeng , Yang Liehao , Kong Jiao , Zhang Lianbo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia, as well as establish an effective treatment protocol and optimal PRP preparation procedure.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, CNKI, and Wanfang databases from inception to October 29, 2021, using PROSPERO's International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration ID: CRD42022295921).ResultsThe original literature search revealed 215 reviews; after duplication removal, 89 papers were eliminated, 95 were eliminated after reading the titles and abstracts, and eventually, 28 articles were included after reading the complete text.ConclusionsPRP treatment for androgenetic alopecia is effective, and we recommend the following: (1) a PRP volume of at least 0.05 ml/cm2, preferably 0.1 ml/cm2; (2) at least three consecutive treatments at an interval of 1 month; (3) intensive therapy is beneficial and can be provided from 3 to 6 months after continuous treatment; (4) objective indicators such as hair diameter, hair count; (5) long‐term follow‐up.
Sodium alginate/gelatin hydrogels loaded with adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells promote wound healing in diabetic rats
Authors: Sheng Wei , Song Qi , Su XiangZheng , Lu Yao , Bai YuZhe , Ji FengKun , Zhang Li , Yang RunGong , Fu Xiaobing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic refractory wounds are a common complication in diabetic patients. Adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) have been shown to play an essential role in diabetic wound repair.AimsTo determine whether a composite of ASCs and sodium alginate/gelatin (Gel‐Al) hydrogel can promote diabetic wound healing.MethodsFull‐thickness cutaneous wounds were created in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats prior to treatment with Gel‐Al hydrogels loaded with ASCs. Hydrogel biocompatibility and wound healing were analyzed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson staining, immunofluorescence, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and quantitative real‐time PCR were performed for the assessment of cellular responses.ResultsCompared to the control group or Gel‐Al alone group, the combination of Gel‐Al and ASCs promoted wound closure, facilitated granulation tissue regeneration and collagen deposition, and upregulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and endothelial cell marker CD31. Moreover, the combination of Gel‐Al and ASCs decreased interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) expression, increased transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFβ1), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and interleukin‐13 (IL‐13) expression, and increased M2 macrophage polarization.ConclusionsGel‐Al hydrogels loaded with ASCs accelerate diabetic wound healing. The Gel‐Al hydrogel‐based ASC system therefore represents an innovative therapeutic strategy for diabetic wound repair.
Validation of a novel point‐of‐care test for alanine aminotransferase measurement: A pilot cohort study
Authors: Howell Jessica , Van Huy , Pham Minh D. , Sawhney Rohit , Li Fan , Bhat Purnima , Lubel John , Kemp William , Bloom Stephen , Majumdar Avik , McCaughan Geoffrey W. , Hall Samuel , Spelman Timothy , Doyle Joseph S. , Hellard Margaret , Visvanathan Kumar , Thompson Alexander , Drummer Heidi E. , Anderson David 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlanine aminotransferase (ALT) measurement is essential for evaluation of liver disease. We validated a novel rapid point‐of‐care (POC) test for ALT1 against laboratory ALT.MethodsStored plasma samples from adults with chronic liver disease (Test cohort n = 240; Validation cohort n = 491) were analysed using the BioPoint® antigen immunoassay POC ALT1 lateral flow test, which provides quantitative ALT results (Axxin handheld reader) or semi‐quantitative results (visual read, cut off 40 IU/ml). The accuracy of POC ALT1 to detect ALT > 40 IU/L was determined by ROC analysis. In patients with chronic hepatitis B, treatment eligibility (EASL criteria) was determined using POC ALT1 and compared to laboratory ALT.ResultsPOC ALT1 test had good accuracy for laboratory ALT > 40 IU/L: AUROC 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89–0.96) in the Test cohort and AUROC 0.92 (95% CI: 0.88–0.95) in the Validation cohort. POC ALT1 cut off of 0.8 for ALT > 40 IU/L maximised sensitivity (97%) and specificity (71%) in the Test cohort (42% laboratory ALT > 40 IU/L) and yielded PPV 84% and NPV 91% in the Validation cohort (19% laboratory ALT > 40 IU/L). Semi‐quantitative POC ALT1 had good accuracy for laboratory ALT in the Validation cohort (AUROC 0.85, 95% CI: 0.81–0.99; sensitivity 77% and specificity 93%). Combined with HBV DNA and transient elastography, both quantitative and semi‐quantitative POC ALT1 tests had good accuracy for excluding hepatitis B treatment needs (sensitivity 96%, specificity 78% and NPV 99%).ConclusionThe POC ALT1 test had good accuracy for elevated ALT levels and for determining treatment eligibility among people with chronic hepatitis B.
PNPLA3 I148M and response to treatment for hepatic steatosis: A systematic review
Authors: Boeckmans Joost , Gatzios Alexandra , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Koek Ger H. , Rodrigues Robim M. , Vanhaecke Tamara 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIt is unclear whether the patatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 C‐to‐G single nucleotide polymorphism, resulting in the substitution of isoleucine to methionine at position 148 (I148M), impedes regression of hepatic steatosis when treating non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).ObjectivesInvestigate if carriage of the PNPLA3 148M allele affects the anti‐steatotic efficacy of all possible anti‐NAFLD interventions, identify gaps in current knowledge and provide guidance for individual treatment.MethodsResearch available in public databases was searched up to 13 November 2022. Studies were included if a treatment in NAFLD patients decreased hepatic steatosis in the pooled patient group or a PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism subgroup (II/IM/MM). The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk‐Of‐Bias 2 Tool and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.ResultsModerate evidence indicates that NAFLD patients homozygous for the PNPLA3 148M allele benefit less or not at all from omega‐3 carboxylic acids to decrease liver fat, while the PNPLA3 148I allele shows moderate benefit. Low evidence suggests that interventions employing lifestyle changes are more effective to reduce liver fat in NAFLD patients homozygous for the PNPLA3 148M allele compared to patients with wild‐type PNPLA3.ConclusionsNAFLD patients homozygous for the PNPLA3 148M allele might not benefit from omega‐3 carboxylic acids to reduce hepatic steatosis in contrast to patients with wild‐type PNPLA3. Instead, patients with two PNPLA3 148M alleles should be especially advised to adopt lifestyle changes. Genotyping for PNPLA3 I148M should be encouraged in therapeutic studies for NAFLD.Registration Number (Prospero)CRD42022375028.
Multiple Reconstructive Osteotomy Treating Malunited Calcaneal Fractures Without Subtalar Joint Fusion
Authors: Wang Bowei , Guan Xin , Hu Yanjun , Jiang Guiyong , Lin Qingrong , Ye Jing , Xiang Dayong , Yu Bin 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveVarious surgical techniques have been reported in treating calcaneal malunions over the decades, while the operations on single plane were accompanied by respective limitations. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a novel multiple reconstructive osteotomy for treating malunited calcaneal fractures without subtalar joint fusion.MethodsFrom March 12, 2010, to August 17, 2017, 10 patients (10 feet) with malunited calcaneal fractures were treated with multiple reconstructive osteotomy with subtalar joint‐preserving operations. All patients were treated with a corrective osteotomy, joint realignment, soft tissue balancing, and secondary internal fixation at a mean of 5.6 ± 2.41 months since the initial injury. With the utilization of the multiple reconstructive osteotomy, the posterior facet was restored to preserve the subtalar joint. All patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically at a mean follow‐up of 3.04 ± 1.21 years.ResultsAll patients were subjectively satisfied with the treatment. The average time to union was 12.2 ± 1.11 weeks. The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle (AOFAS) ankle and hind foot score was 86.3 ± 4.45 (t = 27.64, P < 0.0001, paired t‐test), which was significantly higher than the preoperative assessment. Postoperative radiographic assessment revealed great improvement in Böhler's angle (from 25.4° to 86.3°), talocalcaneal height (65.15–72.68 mm) and Calcaneus‐talus angle (from 34.46° to 39.7°). One patient had mild discomfort after a 1‐h brisk walk. One patient was suspected to have early posttraumatic arthritis of the subtalar joint based upon radiographic evidence during the follow‐up, but the patients could walk normally for a long time without pain.ConclusionMultiple reconstructive osteotomy is an effective way to restore the calcaneal morphology and preserve the subtalar joint for selected calcaneal malunion.
Establishment and Verification of a Predictive Nomogram for New Vertebral Compression Fracture Occurring after Bone Cement Injection in Middle‐Aged and Elderly Patients with Vertebral Compression Fracture
Authors: Gao Wenxin , Chen Yungang , Wang Xiaoying , Liu Guoyan , Cui Kaiying , Guo Jinxing , Zheng Jianhu , Hao Yanke 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveNew vertebral compression fracture (NVCF) occurring after bone cement injection in middle‐aged and elderly patients with vertebral compression fracture is very common. Preoperative baseline characteristics and surgical treatment parameters have been widely studied as a risk factor, but the importance of the patients' laboratory indicators has not been thoroughly explored. We aimed to explore the relationship between laboratory indicators and NVCF, and attempt to construct a clinical prediction model of NVCF together with other risk factors.MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed for 200 patients who underwent bone cement injection (percutaneous kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty) for vertebral compression fractures between January 2019 and January 2020. We consulted the relevant literature and collated the factors affecting the occurrence of NVCF. Feature selection of patients with NVCF was optimized using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model, which was used to conduct multivariable logistic regression analysis, to create a predictive model incorporating the selected features. The discrimination, calibration, and clinical feasibility of the predictive model were assessed using the concordance index (C‐index), calibration plots, and decision curve analysis. Internal validation was performed using Bootstrap resampling verification.ResultsTime from injury to surgery exceeding 7 days, low osteocalcin levels, elevated homocysteine levels, osteoporosis, mode of operation (percutaneous vertebroplasty), lack of postoperative anti‐osteoporosis treatment, and poor diffusion of bone cement were independent risk factors for NVCF in middle‐aged and elderly patients with vertebral compression fracture after bone cement injection. The C‐index of the nomogram constructed using these seven factors was 0.895, indicating good discriminatory ability. The calibration plot showed that the model was well calibrated. Bootstrap resampling verification yielded a significant C‐index of 0.866. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the greatest clinical net benefit for predicting NVCF after bone cement injection could be achieved with a threshold of 1%–91%.ConclusionThis nomogram can effectively predict NVCF incidence after bone cement injection in middle‐aged and elderly patients with vertebral compression fracture, thus aiding clinical decision‐making and postoperative management, promoting effective postoperative rehabilitation, and improving the quality of life.
Comparison of Interobserver Agreement of Four Classification Systems for Lateral Clavicle Fractures between Two Groups of Surgeons: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Lin Jian , Sun Wei‐Jin , Chen Jian‐Hai , Dong Jing‐Ming , Bao Ding‐Su , Yan Ling , Ni Wei‐Dong , Xiang Ming , Ding Jian , Cai Ming , Song Jia‐Xiang , Mao Ming‐Gui , Wu Xiao‐Ming 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveDistal clavicle fracture classification directly affects the treatment decisions. It is unclear whether the classification systems implemented differ depending on surgeons' backgrounds. This study aimed to compare the interobserver agreement of four classification systems used for lateral clavicle fractures by shoulder specialists and general trauma surgeons.MethodsRadiographs of 20 lateral clavicle fractures representing a full spectrum of adult fracture patterns were analyzed by eight experienced shoulder specialists and eight general trauma surgeons from 10 different hospitals. All cases were graded according to the Orthopedic Trauma Association (OTA), Neer, Jäger/Breitner, and Gongji classification systems. To measure observer agreement, Fleiss' kappa coefficient (κ) was applied and assessed.ResultsWhen only X‐ray films were presented, both groups achieved fair agreement. However, when the 3D‐CT scan images were provided, improved interobserver agreement was found in the specialist group when the OTA, Jäger/Breitner, and Gongji classification systems were used. In the generalist groups, improved agreement was found when using the Gongji classification system. In terms of interobserver reliability, the OTA, Neer, and Jäger/Breitner classification systems showed better agreement among shoulder specialists, while a slightly lower level of agreement was found using the Gongji classification system. For the OTA classification system, interobserver agreement had a mean kappa value of 0.418, ranging from 0.446 (specialist group) to 0.402 (generalist group). For the Neer classification system, interobserver agreement had a mean kappa value of 0.368, ranging from 0.402 (specialist group) to 0.390 (generalist group). For the Jäger/Breitner classification system, the inter‐observer agreement had a mean kappa value of 0.380, ranging from 0.413 (specialist group) to 0.404 (generalist group). For the Gongji classification system, interobserver agreement had a mean kappa value of 0.455, ranging from 0.480 (specialist group) to 0.485 (generalist group).ConclusionGenerally speaking, 3D‐CT scans provide a richer experience that can lead to better results in most classification systems of lateral clavicle fractures, highlighting the value of digitization and specialization in diagnosis and treatment. Competitive interobserver agreement was exhibited in the generalist group using the Gongji classification system, suggesting that the Gongji classification is suitable for general trauma surgeons who are not highly experienced in the shoulder field.
Erdős–Hajnal for graphs with no 5‐hole
Authors: Chudnovsky Maria , Scott Alex , Seymour Paul , Spirkl Sophie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Erdős–Hajnal conjecture says that for every graph there exists such that every graph not containing as an induced subgraph has a clique or stable set of cardinality at least . We prove that this is true when is a cycle of length five. We also prove several further results: for instance, that if is a cycle and is the complement of a forest, there exists such that every graph containing neither of as an induced subgraph has a clique or stable set of cardinality at least .
Statistical Comparison of Creep-Rupture Lifetime Predictions of Single and Two-Step Aged Wrought Haynes 282 Alloy
Authors: Cedro Vito , Render Mark , Chukwunenye Kelechi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe paired and Welch's t-tests were used to determine if statistically significant differences exist between the predicted creep rupture life of single- and two-step aged wrought Haynes 282 nickel superalloy. Both tests indicated that there is no difference in the temperature range of 700–800 °C. These results provide a quantitative perspective to support the conclusions reached in previous publications that the creep rupture strengths of wrought single- and two-step aged Haynes 282 are very similar or the same. The lack of creep rupture data above 800 °C for two-step aged H282 precluded extending the statistical analysis above that temperature.
Heating Up to Keep Cool: Benefits and Persistence of a Practical Heat Acclimation Protocol in Elite Female Olympic Team-Sport Athletes
Authors: Fenemor Stephen P. , Driller Matthew W. , Gill Nicholas D. , Anderson Brad , Casadio Julia R. , Sims Stacy T. , Beaven C. Martyn 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Although recommendations for effective heat acclimation (HA) strategies for many circumstances exist, best-practice HA protocols specific to elite female team-sport athletes are yet to be established. Therefore, the authors aimed to investigate the effectiveness and retention of a passive HA protocol integrated in a female Olympic rugby sevens team training program. Methods: Twelve elite female rugby sevens athletes undertook 10 days of passive HA across 2 training weeks. Tympanic temperature (TTymp), sweat loss, heart rate, and repeated 6-second cycling sprint performance were assessed using a sport-specific heat stress test Pre-HA, after 3 days (Mid-HA), after 10 days (Post-HA), and 15 days post-HA (Decay). Results: Compared with Pre-HA, submaximal TTymp was lower Mid-HA and Post-HA (both by −0.2 [0.7] °C; d ≥ 0.71), while resting TTymp was lower Post-HA (by −0.3 [0.2] °C; d = 0.81). There were no differences in TTymp at Decay compared with Pre-HA, nor were there any differences in heart rate or sweat loss at any time points. Mean peak 6-second power output improved Mid-HA and Post-HA (76 [36] W; 75 [34] W, respectively; d ≥ 0.45) compared with Pre-HA. The observed performance improvement persisted at Decay by 65 (45) W (d = 0.41). Conclusions: Ten days of passive HA can elicit some thermoregulatory and performance benefits when integrated into a training program in elite female team-sport athletes. However, such a protocol does not provide a sufficient thermal impulse for thermoregulatory adaptations to be retained after 15 days with no further heat stimulus.
Phenomenology of strong interactions: towards an effective theory for low energy QCD
Authors: Issifu Adamu , Brito Francisco A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we develop models applicable to phenomenological particle physics by using the string analogy of particles. These theories can be used to investigate the phenomenology of confinement, deconfinement, chiral condensate, QGP phase transitions, and even the evolution of the early universe. Other confining properties such as scalar glueball mass, gluon mass, glueball-meson mixing states, QCD vacuum, and color superconductivity can also be investigated in these model frameworks. We use one of the models to describe the phenomenon of color confinement among glueballs at the end of the paper. The models are built based on the Dirac–Born–Infeld (DBI) action modified for open strings with their endpoints on a Dp-brane or brane–anti-brane at a tachyonic vacuum.
FURTHER ON OPIAL TYPE INTEGRAL INEQUALITIES FOR SUPERQUADRATIC FUNCTIONS
Authors: ZHANG XIUJUN , FARID GHULAM , BIBI AYESHA , NONLAOPON KAMSING , YAN TAO 
Published: January 2023

The following inequality [Formula: see text] is well known in the literature as Opial’s inequality [Z. Opial, Sur une inégalité, Polon. Math. 8 (1960) 29–32], it had/has been studied extensively since its appearance. This paper investigates some of its generalizations in the prospect of generalized integral operators. From huge literature on this inequality, the results for superquadratic functions are considered and further analyzed for some integral operators. Several inequalities have been deduced for fractional integral operators by analyzing particular kernels.