bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue-Specific Carbon Isotope Patterns of Amino Acids in Southern Sea Otters
Authors: Robinson Alana L , Smith Emma A Elliott , Besser Alexi C , Newsome Seth D 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The measurement of stable isotope values of individual compounds, such as amino acids (AAs), has quickly become a powerful tool in animal ecology and ecophysiology. As with any emerging technique, fundamental questions remain regarding the capability and limitations of this approach, including how metabolism and tissue synthesis impact AA isotope values and patterns. We measured carbon isotope (d13C) values of essential (AAESS) and nonessential (AANESS) AAs in bone collagen, whisker, muscle, and liver from ten southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) stranded in Monterey Bay, California. Sea otters in this population exhibit high degrees of individual dietary specialization, making this an excellent opportunity to explore differences in AA d13C values among tissues in a wild population. We found the d13C values of glutamic acid, proline, serine, lysine, and threonine differed significantly among tissues, indicating possible isotopic discrimination during tissue synthesis. Threonine d13C values were higher in liver relative to bone collagen and muscle, which may indicate catabolism of threonine for gluconeogenesis, an interpretation further supported by statistically significant correlations between the d13C values of threonine and its gluconeogenic products glycine and serine. For 6/10 of the sea otters analyzed, tissues from the same individual sea otter classified with different primary producers in multivariate space. We thus recommend caution when using data from multiple tissues in an AAESSd13C fingerprinting framework. Broadly, our results indicate that metabolism influences both AAESS and AANESSd13C values and highlight the importance of gluconeogenesis in driving compound-specific isotope patterns in this endangered apex marine consumer.
Rhomboid intercostal block versus serratus block for postoperative analgesia after thoracoscopic sympathectomy for primary palmar hyperhidrosis: a randomized Controlled trial
Authors: Elhouty Mohamed G. , Elbahrawy Khaled , Elawady Mostafa S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Although thoracoscopic sympathectomy is made via small incisions, it is associated with severe postoperative pain. Both Rhomboid intercostal block (RIB) and serratus anterior plane block (SABP) are recent techniques used for pain control after such procedures. Herein, we compared RIB and SAPB regarding pain control in patients undergoing thoracoscopic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis.
Patients and methods: Three groups were enrolled in this prospective randomized study (71 patients in each group); Group S received SAPB, Group R received RIB and Group C as controls. The block procedures were performed after general anesthesia and prior to the skin incision.
Results: The three groups showed comparable demographics and operative time (P ˃ 0.05). Pain scores showed a significant decline with the two block procedures compared to controls during the first day following surgery (P ˂ 0.05), but Group R had better scores compared to Group S. Both block techniques were associated with a significant prolongation of the time to first rescue analgesic and less fentanyl consumption compared to controls (P ˂ 0.05). However, both parameters were improved with RIB rather than SAPB (P ˂ 0.05). Both blocks led to a significant improvement in patient satisfaction, which was comparable between the two approaches P ˃ 0.05), and better than Group C (P ˂ 0.05).
Conclusion: Both RIB and SAPB are safe and effective in pain reduction after thoracoscopic sympathectomy procedures in patients with hyperhidrosis. However, RIB is superior to SAPB as it is associated with better analgesic outcomes.
Clinical trial registration number: Pan African Trial Registry PACTR202203766891354.
https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/Researcher/TrialRegister.aspx?TrialID=21522
Whole-genome sequencing and analysis of Apocynum cannabinum
Authors: Li Guoqi , Song Lixiao , Che Jinfeng , Chen Yanyun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Backgroud
Apocynum cannabinum is an important plant resource from the Apocynaceae family. However, the lack of complete genome information has severely impeded research progress of molecular biology research in this plant. Whole-genome sequencing can provide an in-depth understanding of species growth, development, and evolutionary origin, and is the most effective method for scientifically exploring the ecological and economic value of a plant.
Methods and results
In this study, we employed Illumina HiSeq, single-molecule real-time sequencing, 10X genomics linked reads, and chromatin interaction (Hi-C), a new assembly technique, to successfully assemble the whole draft genome for A.cannabinum (260 Mb). The super-scaffold N50 genome size from the Hi-C assisted assembly was 21.16 Mb and was anchored to 11 chromosome, resulting in a high-quality reference genome at the chromosome level (2n = 2x = 22). We further annotated, analyzed, and predicted 22,793 protein-coding genes, of which the functions of 95.6% were already annotated, 92.3% contained conserved protein domains, and 78.7% were aligned to known metabolic pathways.
Colclushions
This high-quality A.cannabinum genome can be used to analyze growth and development and evaluate gene evolution at the genome level, as well as assist in the comparative genomics and genetic modification of other important medicinal plants in Apocynaceae. Comparative analysis of the gene families showed that A. cannabinum speciated around 35.8 (27.0–46.9) million years ago.
Prevalence of functional disability and associated factors among patients with schizophrenia attending psychiatry outpatient clinic at Muhimbili national hospital, Dar es Salaam: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: kitomary Nuruel R. , Likindikoki Samuel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

BackgroundThe available literatures worldwide, mention the functional disability as the one of dangerous corollary of schizophrenia, while it is among the intrinsic complications of schizophrenia. Functional disability among the patients with schizophrenia is of greater concerns because patients remain dependent with hopeless life. Many factors are associated with functional disability such as age, sex, marital status, level of education, age at the diagnosis of schizophrenia, regimen of antipsychotics on use, frequency of admission and psychotherapy in among the patients with schizophrenia.ObjectiveThe study aimed to determine the prevalence of functional disability and associated factors among patients with schizophrenia attending psychiatric outpatient clinic at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.DesignA cross-sectional surveySettingApsychiatric outpatient clinic at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Participants281 adults were confirmed to have diagnosis of schizophrenia using MINI International neuropsychiatric interview for psychotic disorders studies (MINI version 7.0.2). World Health Organization Disability Scale-short version 12-items (WHODAS-12) used to measure functional disability among participants.ResultsThe overall prevalence of functional disability was 71.9%. About a third (33.5%), (30.6%) and about 1 in every 13 participants (7.8%) had mild, moderate, and severe functional disability, respectively. Increased odds of functional disability was independently associated with; the frequency of admission; 1-5 times (AOR=16.76, 95%CI: 4.74-59.33), ≥6times (AOR= 9.34 95%CI: 2.38-38.28), typical (AOR=2.76 95%CI: 1.29-5.89), mixed (atypical and typical) antipsychotics (AOR=13.92 95%CI: 2.20-80.04); Not receiving psychotherapy during treatment (AOR=2.62 95%CI: 1.27-5.41) and substance use for the past twelve months (AOR=3.00 95%CI: 1.24-7.24) but male participants had decreased odds (AOR=0.40 95%CI: 0.18-0.87) of functional disability.ConclusionPatients with schizophrenia have relatively higher prevalence of functional disability. Frequency of admission, male gender, using typical antipsychotics and mixed antipsychotics, not getting psychotherapy were independent predictors of functional disability. Routine assessment of functional disability among patients with schizophrenia attending clinic with early occupational therapy interventions is highly recommended.
Developing a pseudo-lentivirus-based neutralization assay against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Soltani Elahe , Pouriayevali Mohammad Hassan , Salehi-Vaziri Mostafa , Bahonar Ali Reza 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Convenient and reliable neutralization assays are vital for development of accurate diagnosis and new vaccine/drug production. Present research aimed to produce a SARS-COV-2 pseudo-lentivirus to evaluate neutralizing antibodies in the convalescent patients from Covid-19 and to assess the ability of the pseudovirus to infect different cell lines.
Methods
Lentix 293T cell line was employed for the transfection of the plasmid, and SARS-CoV-2 S gene was codon-optimized, synthesized, and cloned into the pcDNA3.1-SARS-CoV-2 plasmid followed by amplification and transforming into E. coli DH5α. Confirmation of the extracted plasmid was performed by gel electrophoresis. ThepcDNA3.1-SARS-CoV-2 plasmid, psPax-2 and reporter plasmid pLOX-CWgfp were transfected into Lentix 293T cells using the Turbofect transfection reagent. Western blot assay was undertaken to conform the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein transfection, and the titer of the produced SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus was assessed by the Real-Time PCR. Sera samples of 24 convalescent patients and five samples of healthy persons (negative control) were tested by both the EUROIMMUN Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 QuantiVac ELISA (IgG) and the neutralization assay.
Results
By ELISA and neutralizing antibody assays 24 (100%) and 17 (70.83%) samples were detected as positive, respectively. Calculation of Kappa coefficient exhibited a medium correlation agreement. By Pearson correlation coefficient no significant (p=0.24) was seen between the two assays. Further, the positive predictive value for the presence of high neutralizing antibodies was 100%, whereas the negative predictive value for low neutralizing antibodies was 41.66%.
Conclusion
Based on WHO guidelines neutralization assays are considered as the gold standard for assessing the protective potential of antibodies induced by the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Given these results, by optimizing the pseudoviral production and neutralization assay, we will be able to determine a threshold between the two assays.
Role of Family Factors in Provision and Perception of Social Support for Older People in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Tajvar Maryam , Grundy Emily , Fletcher Astrid , Allen Elizabeth , Karami Badrye 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Iran has experienced a very fast fertility transition. The process of demographic transition, coupled with modernization, has had considerable consequences for the structure and function of families. There is rising concern in Iran about a potential decline in family care and support for older people as a result of these changes. The main aim of this study was to provide a benchmark by examining current associations between family factors and older people’s social support, both perceived and received.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of a random sample of 644 people aged 60 + years resident in Tehran stratified by socioeconomic status of area. Multilevel mixed-effects models were used to examine the hypotheses.
Results
The analyses showed that most of the family factors measured, including family size, living arrangements, and amount of contact with family members were associated with older people’s receipt of instrumental social support, as expected. Living arrangements and quality of relationships with family members were associated with older people’s perceptions of social support.
Conclusion
Implications of these findings for older people currently living in Iran are considered. These findings may also provide important insights into the implications of demographic and associated family changes for older people in the future.
Index of consciousness monitoring during general anesthesia may effectively enhance rehabilitation in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic urological surgery: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Qi Fengling , Fan Long , Wang Chunxiu , Liu Yang , Yang Shuyi , Fan Zhen , Miao Fangfang , Kan Minhui , Feng Kunpeng , Wang Tianlong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background Elderly patients are at a significantly higher risk of perioperative complications. Based on electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis, index of consciousness (IoC) monitoring is a new technique for monitoring anesthesia depth. IoC is divided into two parts: IoC1(depth of sedation) and IoC2(depth of analgesia). There have only been a few studies in which IoC1and IoC2are simultaneously monitored to speed up postoperative recovery. We investigated whether combined monitoring of IoC1and IoC2can effectively improve postoperative recovery in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic urological surgery under general anesthesia. Methods A prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind trial was carried out on elderly patients scheduled for laparoscopic urological surgery under total intravenous anesthesia. Patients were assigned to either the IoC group (n = 60) or control group (n = 60) at random. The prevalence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) was the primary endpoint. Inflammatory markers, arterial blood gas analysis, postoperative complications, and length of hospital stay were among the secondary endpoints. Results The study included 120 patients with an average age of 71.20 ± 5.06 years. Compared to the control group, the incidence of POCD was significantly lower (19(31.7%) vs. 6(10%);P = 0.003), and serum C-reactive protein(CRP) and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) concentrations were lower at the end of surgery (CRP: 5.36 ± 3.36 vs. 3.11 ± 2.62;P = 0.000, GFAP: 3.29 ± 1.22 vs. 2.42 ± 1.38;P = 0.000) and 24h after surgery (CRP:11.75 ± 7.52 vs. 8.15 ± 5.24;P = 0.003, GFAP: 4.84 ± 1.20 vs. 3.96 ± 2.23;P = 0.008) in the IoC group. Blood glucose levels at the end of surgery (9.17 ± 2.04 vs. 7.11 ± 1.35;P = 0.000) and the total rate of complications at 7 days after surgery (16(26.7%) vs. 7(11.7%),P = 0.037) were significantly lower in the IoC group. Conclusion IoC monitoring for managing elderly surgical patients can hasten postoperative recovery by reducing intraoperative stress and the resulting systemic and neuroinflammation.TRIAL REGISTRATION:Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR1900025241（17/08/2019）.
A comparison of the most intense periods (MIPs) during competitive matches and training over an 8-week period in a male elite field hockey team
Authors: Büchel Daniel , Döring Michael , Baumeister Jochen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Wearables serve to quantify the on-court activity in intermittent sports such as field hockey (FH). Based on the objective data, benchmarks can be elaborated to tailor training intensity and volume. Next to average and accumulated values, the most intense periods (MIPs) during competitive FH matches are from special interest, since these quantify the peak intensities players experience throughout the intermittent matches. The aim of this study was to retrospectively compare peak intensities between training and competition sessions in a male FH team competing in the first german division.
Methods
Throughout an 8-week in-season period, 372 individual activity datasets (144 datasets from competitive sessions) were recorded using the Polar Team Pro sensor (Kempele, Finland). MIPs were calculated applying a rolling window approach with predefined window length (1 to 5 minutes) and calculated for Total distance, High-Intensity-Running distance (> 16 km/h), Sprinting distance (> 20 km/h) and Acceleration load. Significant differences between training and competition MIPs were analysed through unpaired t-tests (p < .05).
Results
Analyses revealed higher MIPs during competition for all considered outcomes (p < .001). Effect size estimation revealed strongest effects for sprinting distance (d = 1.89 to d = 1.22) and lowest effect sizes for acceleration load (d = 0.92 to d = 0.49).
Conclusion
The present findings demonstrate that peak intensities during training do not reach those experienced during competitive sessions in a male FH team. Training routines such as manipulations of court-dimensions and team sizes might contribute to this discrepancy. Coaches should compare training and competition intensities to recalibrate training routines to optimize athletes’ preparation for competition.
Risk factor analysis and nomogram prediction model construction for NEC complicated by intestinal perforation
Authors: Huang Pei , Luo Nandu , Shi Xiaoqi , Yan Jiahong , Huang Jiaojiao , Chen Yan , Du Zuochen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) complicated by intestinal perforation and predict the incidence of intestinal perforation in NEC. Methods Neonates diagnosed with NEC at the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from January 2012 to May 2022 were enrolled, and the clinical data were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups based on intestinal perforation occurrence or not. Mann-Whitney U tests, t-tests, chi-square tests, and fisher's exact tests were performed between-group comparisons. Logistic and lasso regressions were applied to screen independent risk factors for concomitant bowel perforation, and R software (RMS package) was used to formulate the nomogram prediction model. In addition, the receiver operating curve (ROC) and the calibration curve were drawn to verify the predictive power, while decision curve analysis (DCA) was constructed to evaluate the clinical applicability of the nomogram model. Results 180 neonates with NEC were included, of which 48 had intestinal perforations, and 132 did not; the overall incidence of intestinal perforation was 26.67% (48/180). Bloody stool (OR = 5.60), APTT ≥ 50s (OR = 3.22), thrombocytopenia (OR = 4.74), and hypoalbuminemia (OR = 5.56) were identified as independent risk variables for NEC intestinal perforation (P < 0.05) through multivariate logistic regression analysis. These factors were then applied to develop a nomogram prediction model (C-index = 0.838) by using the R software. The area under the curve (AUC) for the nomogram in the training and validation cohorts were 0.838 (95% Cl: 0.768, 0.908) and 0.802 (95% CI: 0.659, 0.944), respectively. The calibration curve shown that the nomogram has a good predictive ability for predicting the risk of intestinal perforation occurrence. And the decision curve and clinical impact curve analyses demonstrated good clinical utility of the nomogram model. Conclusion We found that Bloody stool, APTT ≥ 50s, Thrombocytopenia, and hypoalbuminemia could be used as independent risk factors for predicting intestinal perforation in neonates with NEC. The nomogram model based on these variables had high predictive values to identify NEC patients with intestinal perforation.
GWAS for Systemic Sclerosis Identified six novel susceptibility loci including penetrating Fcγ-Receptor Region
Authors: Ishikawa Yuki , Tanaka Nao , Asano Yoshihide , Kodera Masanari , Shirai Yuichiro , Akahoshi Mitsuteru , Hasegawa Minoru , Matsushita Takashi , Saito Kazuyoshi , Motegi Sei-ishiro , Yoshifuji Hajime , Yoshizaki Ayumi , Komoto Tomohiro , Takagi Kae , Oka Akira , Kanda Miho , Tanak Yoshihito , Ito Yumi , Nakano Kazuhisa , Kasamatsu Hiroshi , Utsunomiya Akira , Sekiguchi Akiko , Niro Hiroaki , Jinnin Masatoshi , Makino Katsunari , Makino Takamitsu , Ihn Hironobu , Yamamoto Motohisa , Suzuki Chisako , Takahashi Hiroki , Nishida Emi , Morita Akimichi , Yamamoto Toshiyuki , Fujimoto Manabu , Kondo Yuya , Goto Daisuke , Sumida Takayuki , Ayuzawa Naho , Yanagida Hidetashi , Horita Tetsuya , Atsumi Tatsuya , Endo Hirahito , Shima Yoshihito , Kumanogoh Atsushi , Hirata Jun , Otomo Nao , Suetsugu Hiroyuki , Koike Yoshinao , Tomizuka Kohei , Yoshino Soichiro , Liu Xiaoxi , Ito Shuji , Hikino Keiko , Suzuki Akari , Momozawa Yukihide , Ikegawa Shiro , Tanaka Yoshiya , Ishikawa Osamu , Takehara Kazuhiko , Torii Takeshi , Sato Shinichi , Okada Yukinori , Mimori Tsuneyo , Matsuda Fumihiko , Matsuda Koichi , Amariuta Tiffany , Imoto Issei , Matsuo Keitaro , Kuwana Masataka , Kawaguchi Yasushi , Ohmura Koichiro , Terao Chikashi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We conducted a Japanese GWAS for systemic sclerosis (SSc) comprising 1,428 cases and 112,599 controls, the largest Asian GWAS for SSc ever, and identified three novel signals. The lead SNP in FCGR/FCRL region had a strong effect size (OR 2.05, P = 4.9×10−11). The complete LD SNP, rs10917688, was found in a cis-regulatory element and a part of binding motifs for IRF8. IRF8 was a significant locus in the European GWAS and rs10917688 showed an association only in the presence of the risk allele of IRF8 in Japanese. rs10917688 was marked with H3K4me1 in primary B cells, and the heritability was enriched in active histone marks of primary B cells. A meta-analysis with the latest European GWAS found additional 30 significant loci including three novel signals. PRS constructed with the effect sizes of the meta-analysis indicated potential portability of genetic associations beyond populations (AUC: 0.593). The fitting of PRS was improved by further prioritizing the top 5% SNPs of IRF8 biding sites in B cells, underscoring common genetic architecture across populations and critical roles of B cells and IRF8 for SSc development.
Signature based Ransomware detection based on optimizations approaches using RandomClassifier and CNN algorithms
Authors: Sangher Kanti Singh , Singh Archana , Pandey Hari Mohan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
As Ransomware encrypts user files to prevent access to infected systems its harmful impacts must be quickly identified and remedied. It can be challenging to identify the metrics and parameters to check, especially when using unknown ransomware variants in tests. The proposed work uses machine learning techniques to create a general model that can be used to detect the variations of ransomware families while observing the characteristics of malware. However, early detection is impeded by a dearth of data during the initial phases of an attack, which results in low detection accuracy and a high proportion of false alarms.To overcome these restrictions, our research suggests a revolutionary technique, in machine learning techniques we have proposedRandomClassifier with SMOTE optimizer based on the results received from LazyPredictAutoML and then deep learning algorithm ANN using Root Mean Square Propagation (adam) has been implemented to get the hidden patterns which were not accessible in machine learning approach. Further study focused on improving CNN's performance over RMSProp& Adam, which maintains per-parameter learning rates that are adjusted based on the average of most recent weight gradient magnitudes, using the Adam optimizer. The best option for internet and non-stationary issues is CNN with Adam (e.g. noisy). As gradients grow sparser toward the end of optimization, Adam somewhat surpasses RMSprop. Adam uses CNN and uses the average of the second moments of the gradients (the uncentered variance). The proposed model reported 5.14ms of prediction time and 99.18% accuracy.