bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study to determine students study habits, clinical experiences, and attitudes related to their knowledge and behaviour intentions in the healthcare profession.
Authors: Sheena  
Published: April 2023

Study habits and attitudes are thought to have a significant impact on students' academic performance, and it is assumed that "excellent" study habits will result in "good" academic results. As medical students prepare to become physicians, having the right attitudes can have an influence on the standard of care they provide to their patients. Few longitudinal research studies have examined the degree to which the attitude of pupil’s ratings change as they progress through medical school. This study looked at how a large student cohort's attitude ratings changed as they advanced through medical school. It was also looked into whether student gender affected attitude change. This research included medical trainees from three successive classes (1999-2001). The Medical Skills Questionnaire, an internal tool, and the Attitudes Toward Social Issues in Medicine (ATSIM) survey were both completed by students. Total and subscale attitudinal score reliability estimations fell within a reasonable range. A sustained reduction in various attitude scores was seen as pupils moved through means of the medical education programme, based on multivariate studies of the variation of the mean attitudinal ratings. Compared to men, women scored better on attitudes. As a consequence, as medical school students progress, their attitude ratings decline. Although the causes of the change in terms of attitude are not entirely evident, they may be related to a ceiling of excellent attitude ratings upon admission, a decline in idealism, and the effects of the unanticipated curriculum. More research is needed to determine how medical education affects students' opinions.
Dampak Transisi Kurikulum 2013 Ke Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar Terhadap Minat Belajar Siswa
Authors: Rahmadhani Putri , Widya Dina , Setiawati Merika 
Published: April 2023

Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana dampak transisi kurikulum 2013 ke kurikulum merdeka belajar terhadap minat belajar siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMAN 1 Kubung . Subjek penelitian sebanyak 3 orang guru yang mengejar kurikulum merdeka di kelas X dipilih . Teknik pengumpulan data adalah dengan menggunakan observasi dan wawancara. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan Beberapa pertanyaan, Metode penelitian meliputi jenis penelitian, subjek penelitian dan partisipan, instrument penelitian, pengumpulan data dan metode analisis datanya. Kurikulum merdeka belajar berdampak positif dan negatif. Dampak positifnya siswa dalam proses pembelajar dapat mengikuti proses perkembangan zaman dimana semakin maju dan didukung oleh kepala sekolah, beserta guru, dan tenaga pengajar, dan peserta didik bahkan lembaga itu sendiri. Dan dampak negatif yaitu mutu pendidikan dapat menurun dan perubahan perkembangan kurikulum begitu cepat menimbulkan dapat mengakibatkan masalah-masalah baru seperti menurunya prestasi peserta didik, hal ini dikarenakan peserta didik tidak dapat menyesuaikan dengan sistem pembelajaran pada perkembangan kurikulum yang dilaksanakan atau kurikulum yang baru.
El Valle Central de Chile a la Cuadra de Talca
Authors: Román Juan 
Published: April 2023

The writing is about a walk, first real and then hodological, through the Central Valley of Chile, first real and then intertextual. Thus, images of diverse origin and format are collected and recorded in order to, once at the end of the journey, glimpse a landscape that shows the complexity of a mainly rural territory and therefore apparently simple.
El escrito trata de una caminata, real primero y hodológica después, a través del Valle Central de Chile, real primero e intertextual después. Se recogen y consignan así, imágenes de diverso origen y formato para, una vez al final del recorrido, atisbar un paisaje que da cuenta de la complejidad de un territorio principalmente rural y por lo mismo aparentemente simple.
KHẢO SÁT TÁC DỤNG LỢI TIỂU CỦA CAO CHIẾT TỪ LÁ BÌM BỊP (CLINACANTHUS NUTANS, HỌ ÔRÔ (ACANTHACEAE) TRÊN CHUỘT NHẮT TRẮNG
Authors: Ngô Thị Nga , Nguyễn Thị Thương , Lê Thị Bích Thùy , Nguyễn Thanh Thảo , Hoàng Thị Hoàng Sa 
Published: April 2023

Đặt vấn đề: Lá bìm bịp (Clinacanthus nutans) được sử dụng trong dân gian để hỗ trợ điều trị chứng khó tiểu, tiểu ít. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Đánh giá tác dụng của cao chiết nước và cồn 70o từ lá bìm bịp lên thể tích và nồng độ chất điện giải nước tiểu. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: 36 chuột Swiss albino được chia thành các lô và được uống nước cất, cao nước, cao cồn từ lá bìm bịp hoặc furosemid. Đo thể tích nước tiểu chuột sau 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,24 giờ. Phân tích chất điện giải nước tiểu 24 giờ. Kết quả: Thể tích nước tiểu của chuột uống các cao lá bìm bịp tăng sau 5 giờ (p<0,05). Nồng độ Na+ và Cl- nước tiểu 24 giờ tăng có ý nghĩa ở chuột uống các cao lá bìm bịp (p<0,05). Nồng độ K+ nước tiểu 24 giờ ở lô cao cồn 2000 mg/kg thấp hơn có ý nghĩa (p<0,05) so với lô furosemid 10 mg/kg. Kết luận: Các cao từ lá bìm bịp làm tăng thể tích nước tiểu, tăng thải muối; cao cồn lá bìm bịp 2000 mg/kg làm giảm tác dụng phụ hạ K+ huyết so với furosemid.
ĐÁNH GIÁ KẾT QUẢ CẤY GHÉP IMPLANT NHA KHOA CÓ GHÉP XƯƠNG NHÂN TẠO Ở BỆNH NHÂN MẤT RĂNG HÀM TRÊN TỪNG PHẦN
Authors: Nguyễn Quang Hải , Lê Nhữ Bảo Hiếu 
Published: April 2023

Đặt vấn đề: Cấy ghép implant có ghép xương là phương pháp khôi phục mất răng bán phần tiên tiến và phổ biến nhất hiện nay, tuy nhiên còn thiếu các nghiên cứu và kết quả lâm sàng. Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá kết quả cấy ghép implant có ghép xương. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Đánh giá kết quả cấy ghép implant nha khoa có ghép xương nhân tạo ở nhóm bệnh nhân mất răng hàm trên từng phần. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu được tiến hành trên 41 bệnh nhân mất răng hàm trên từng phần có thiếu xương được điều trị bằng phương pháp phẫu thuật cấy ghép implant nha khoa có ghép xương nhân tạo trong cùng một thì phẫu thuật tại Bệnh viện Răng – Hàm – Mặt thành phố Đà Nẵng. Xác định mức độ đau sau cấy ghép, chỉ số tình trạng viêm xung quanh Implant, đánh giá mức độ tiêu xương quanh Implant trên phim Panorama và khả năng khôi phục sức nhai và thẩm mỹ. Kết quả: Tỉ lệ thành công cắm implant là 100%, khả năng khôi phục chức năng ăn nhai và thẩm mỹ ở mức tốt lần lượt đạt 97,2% và 93% - Biến chứng hay gặp nhất là đau sau phẫu thuật với 67,6% sau đó là sưng nề và hở vết thương với tỷ lệ lần lượt là 53,5% và 8,5%. Kết luận: Cấy ghép implant nha khoa có ghép xương nhân tạo đạt kết quả tốt chức năng cho bệnh nhân mất răng hàm trên từng phần.
Morphology and taxonomic assessment of eight genetic clades of Mercuria Boeters, 1971 (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae), with the description of five new species
Authors: Miller Jonathan P. , Delicado Diana , García-Guerrero Fernando , Khalloufi Noureddine , Ramos Marian A. 
Published: April 2023

The freshwater snail genus Mercuria is widely distributed in lowland waters across Western Europe, Northern Africa and the Mediterranean islands. Approximately two-thirds of the currently recognised species are described based on their shell morphology, which may vary within species due to biotic and abiotic factors. Recent molecular phylogenies that included numerous previously documented populations recovered 14 species clades, nine of which correspond to nominal species and five, to undescribed taxa. Here, we formally describe the five undescribed taxa as new species and provide morphological descriptions of the shell and other anatomical structures for three of the other inferred clades and for the species M. maceana to elucidate their taxonomic status and assess the utility of morphological characters for species delimitation in Mercuria. Taken together, the morphological and molecular evidence suggest new identifications and synonymies, having implications on the known geographic range of the studied species, including the type species M. similis. Anatomical measurements and geometric morphometric analysis of shell shape revealed no clear differentiation among the species analysed, predicting the importance of molecular data in elucidating the species diversity of the genus.
Fra ekskluderende til inkluderende erhvervspolitik: mod et geografisk og branchemæssigt mere sammenhængende Danmark
Authors: Manniche Jesper , Hansen Teis 
Published: April 2023

Artiklen diskuterer mulighederne for at adressere den geografiske skæve erhvervsudvikling, som har kendetegnet Danmark i en årrække, gennem mere helhedsorienterede og stedtilpassede tilgange i erhvervs- og innovationspolitikken. Der er behov for i højere grad at udvikle samspilsrelationer mellem erhvervssektorer og integrere by- og landområderi fælles strategiske erhvervsudviklingsindsatser. Artiklen beskriver først de seneste årtiers erhvervsudvikling med fokus på den geografiske dimension og diskuterer dernæst kritisk hovedlinjerne i Danmarks erhvervspolitik med en særlig opmærksomhed på den seneste reform af erhvervsfremmesystemet i 2018. Den diskuterer, hvorvidt begrebet Foundational Economy kan pege på alternative tilgange og konkluderer, at en mere holistisk erhvervspolitik med fordel kunne inkorporere begrebets lokale udviklingselement. Endelig diskuterer vi mulighederne for en mere inkluderende og holistisk erhvervspolitik med udgangspunkt i planerne om Bornholm som bæredygtig energi-ø.
Tidlige indsatser kan øge (alle) børns læring
Authors: Bleses Dorte 
Published: April 2023

Der er en betydelig social slagside med hensyn til de børn, der sakker læringsmæssigt bagud tidligt i livet. Det kan få betydning for børnenes senere uddannelsesmuligheder. Undersøgelser peger på, at læringsmiljøet i dagtilbuddene ikke har tilstrækkelig kvalitet til at give alle børn de nødvendig erfaringsmuligheder for læring. Lodtrækningsforsøg af pædagogiske indsatser i danske dagtilbud dokumenterer, at det er muligt at styrke kvaliteten af læringsmiljøet og børns tidlige læring, uanset børnenes sociale baggrund, selv under hverdagslige vilkår. I partnerskabet ”Vi lærer sammen” undersøges det, hvorvidt det er muligt at opskalere en effektiv pædagogisk indsats og øge alle børns læring. ”Vi lærer sammen” understøtter faste kognitive og socioemotionelle læringsområder, som personalet selv omsætter til en pædagogisk praksis med fokus på rigt sprog og interaktioner i aktiviteter, der er understøttede, engagerende og udviklende for det enkelte barn.
Association between Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Guo Yicong , Zhang Yu , Tang Xiangling , Liu Xionghao , Xu Huilan 
Published: April 2023

Background
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are currently one of the major causes of pregnancy-related maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent studies provide evidence that maternal Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms probably play a key role by affecting the biological function of vitamin D in some adverse pregnancy outcomes, while the relationship between the VDR gene polymorphisms and the risk of HDP remains controversial in current studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate the association of the VDR gene polymorphisms with HDP susceptibility.

Methods
This meta-analysis follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and a protocol has been registered in the PROSPERO (ID: CRD42022344383) before commencing this review. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched until January 21, 2023. Case-control and cohort studies that reported the association of the VDR gene polymorphisms with HDP were included. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for non-randomized studies. The odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the five models (allele model, dominant model, recessive model, homozygous model, heterozygous model) were pooled respectively, and subgroup analysis was performed based on ethnicity.

Results
A total of ten studies were included. The VDR gene ApaI polymorphism was associated with HDP susceptibility in the dominant model (OR: 1.38; 95% CI [1.07–1.79]; P = 0.014) and the heterozygote model (OR: 1.48; 95% CI [1.12–1.95]; P = 0.006). In subgroup analysis, the heterozygote model (OR: 2.06; 95% CI [1.21–3.52]; P = 0.008) of the ApaI polymorphism was associated with HDP in Asians, but not in Caucasians.

Conclusion
The VDR gene ApaI polymorphism may be associated with HDP susceptibility. Insufficient evidence to support the existence of ethnic differences in this association.
Morphometric Study of the Breast in Nulliparous Nigerian Females at the University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Edibamode Ezon-Ebidor Innocent , Bob-Manuel Ibinabo Fubara , Hart Tamunoiyowunam Peace 
Published: April 2023

Background: The breast, also known as the mammary gland, is an essential aesthetic feature in a woman. Anthropometric breast measurements are vital for research and in reconstructive surgery as a quantitative tool for preoperative and postoperative evaluation.
Aim: This study aimed to measure morphometric parameters of the breast of nulliparous Nigerian females to establish reference baseline data for the region.
Methodology: In this prospective descriptive and analytical study, 66 female students from the University of Port-Harcourt in Rivers State, Nigeria, ranging in age from 16 to 30, were used. Various morphometric parameters were observed and measured using measuring tape, a metre rule, and skin markers in a standing position. Descriptive and inferential analysis of data was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.
Results: Most of the mean values of the measured anthropometric parameters of the left breast were higher than the right but displayed no significant difference except the nipple and mammary projections, which showed a significant difference between the right and left breasts. This study on the morphometry of the female breast revealed the slender and severe ptosis shapes as the most prevalent breast shapes, while the least prevalent were the bell and pseudoptosis breast shapes. The mammary size volume showed the left breast to be significantly bigger than the right, while of all the breast parameters analysed, the nipple projection (left) and mammary projection (right) displayed significant differences in this study, with all the right and left measured breast parameters indicating a positive correlation.
Conclusion: The values from this study can be used as a guide by plastic surgeons providing services to females of African descent requiring aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgeries, as well as in physical anthropological studies and racial identification.
A Study on Income Inequality and Nutritional Status of Children in Rural Areas of Jammu and Kashmir: Evidence from Jammu District, India
Authors: Kumar Ajay 
Published: April 2023

Children nutritional status is a powerful indicator of nutrition security and well-being of individual and reflects the nutritional and poverty situation of household. Good nutritional status of children under five years of age is very crucial for the foundation of a healthy life. This study is a small attempt to highlight the extent of malnutrition in rural areas of Jammu district on the basis of households’ economic status. It empirically investigates the relationship between income inequality and nutritional status of children under age of five years of age (stunting) in the rural areas of Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir. To determine the prevalence of undernutrition among different income groups of rural households, the study uses the data of a primary household survey. In order to measure the level of undernutrition (stunting), gender-specific anthropometric z-scores for height-for-age are calculated by using new child growth standards which are developed by the World Health Organisation (WHO). The study finds that children from households in the poorest quintile have significantly higher odds of stunting compared to those in the highest income quintile. The study revealed a negative association between income and the prevalence of stunting in the study area. It means the proportion of stunted children under five years of age decreases as the level of income increases among rural households. The study suggests that the government can help improve the nutritional status of children by taking important policy initiatives that addresses income inequality and poverty in rural areas.
Intravenous Sodium Thiosulphate for Calciphylaxis of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Wen Wen , Portales-Castillo Ignacio , Seethapathy Rituvanthikaa , Durant Olivia , Mengesha Beza , Krinsky Scott , Kroshinsky Daniela , Kalim Sahir , Goverman Jeremy , Nazarian Rosalynn M. , Chitalia Vipul , Malhotra Rajeev , Kramann Rafael , Malhotra Cindy K. , Nigwekar Sagar U. 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceCalciphylaxis is a rare disease with high mortality mainly involving patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Sodium thiosulphate (STS) has been used as an off-label therapeutic in calciphylaxis, but there is a lack of clinical trials and studies that demonstrate its effect compared with those without STS treatment.ObjectiveTo perform a meta-analysis of the cohort studies that provided data comparing outcomes among patients with calciphylaxis treated with and without intravenous STS.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched using relevant terms and synonyms including sodium thiosulphate and calci* without language restriction.Study SelectionThe initial search was for cohort studies published before August 31, 2021, that included adult patients diagnosed with CKD experiencing calciphylaxis and could provide a comparison between patients treated with and without intravenous STS. Studies were excluded if they reported outcomes only from nonintravenous administration of STS or if the outcomes for CKD patients were not provided.Data Extraction and SynthesisRandom-effects models were performed. The Egger test was used to measure publication bias. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSkin lesion improvement and survival, synthesized as ratio data by a random-effects empirical Bayes model.ResultsAmong the 5601 publications retrieved from the targeted databases, 19 retrospective cohort studies including 422 patients (mean age, 57 years; 37.3% male) met the eligibility criteria. No difference was observed in skin lesion improvement (12 studies with 110 patients; risk ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.85-1.78) between the STS and the comparator groups. No difference was noted for the risk of death (15 studies with 158 patients; risk ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.70-1.10) and overall survival using time-to-event data (3 studies with 269 participants; hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.57-1.18). In meta-regression, lesion improvement associated with STS negatively correlated with publication year, implying that recent studies are more likely to report a null association compared with past studies (coefficient = −0.14; P = .008).Conclusions and RelevanceIntravenous STS was not associated with skin lesion improvement or survival benefit in patients with CKD experiencing calciphylaxis. Future investigations are warranted to examine the efficacy and safety of therapies for patients with calciphylaxis.
Exposure to Neighborhood Racialized Economic Segregation and Reinjury and Violence Perpetration Among Survivors of Violent Injuries
Authors: Pino Elizabeth C. , Jacoby Sara F. , Dugan Elizabeth , Jay Jonathan 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceMuch is unknown about how individual and neighborhood factors converge in the association with risk for violent reinjury and violence perpetration.ObjectivesTo investigate the association of exposure to neighborhood racialized economic segregation with reinjury and use of violence against others among survivors of violent penetrating injury.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study was performed using data obtained from hospital, police, and state vital records. The study was performed at Boston Medical Center, an urban, level I trauma center that is the largest safety-net hospital and busiest trauma center in New England. The cohort included all patients treated for a nonfatal violent penetrating injury from 2013 to 2018. Patients with no Boston metropolitan area home address were excluded. Individuals were followed up through 2021. Data were analyzed from February to August 2022.ExposureAmerican Community Survey data were used to measure neighborhood deprivation using the racialized economic Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) for patient residential address upon hospital discharge. ICE was measured on a scale from −1 (most deprived) to 1 (most privileged).Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcomes were violent reinjury and police-reported perpetration of violence within 3 years of an index injury.ResultsOf 1843 survivors of violence (median [IQR] age, 27 [22-37] years; 1557 men [84.5%]; 351 Hispanic [19.5%], 1271 non-Hispanic Black [70.5%], and 149 non-Hispanic White [8.3%] among 1804 patients with race and ethnicity data), the cohort was skewed toward residing in neighborhoods with higher racialized economic segregation (median [IQR] ICE = −0.15 [−0.22 to 0.07]) compared with the state overall (ICE = 0.27). There were police encounters for violence perpetration among 161 individuals (8.7%) and violent reinjuries among 214 individuals (11.6%) within 3 years after surviving a violent penetrating injury. For each 0.1-unit increase in neighborhood deprivation, there was a 13% (hazard ratio [HR], 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.25; P = .01) increase in risk of violence perpetration but no difference in risk for violent reinjury (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.11; P = .38). The greatest occurrence for each outcome was within the first year after index injury; for example, incidents of violence perpetration occurred among 48 of 614 patients (7.8%) at year 1 vs 10 of 542 patients (1.8%) at year 3 in tertile 3 of neighborhood deprivation.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that living in a more economically deprived and socially marginalized area was associated with increased risk of using violence against others. The finding suggests that interventions may need to include investments in neighborhoods with the highest levels of violence to help reduce downstream transmission of violence.
Impact of reduced night work on shift workers’ sleep using difference-in-difference estimation
Authors: Kim Se-Eun , Lee Hye-Eun , Koo Jung-Wan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
We used a quasi-experimental design to investigate the impact of a change in the shift work system by reducing overnight work on the sleep health of workers.

Methods
A difference-in-difference (DID) analysis was used to investigate changes in sleep time and sleep quality between the experimental group (shift workers, N = 116 in 2007 and N = 118 in 2013) and the control group (regular day workers, N = 256 in 2007 and N = 185 in 2013) before and after a change in the shift system that eliminated overnight work. The sleep outcomes were measured using a questionnaire that inquired about sleep duration, mid-sleep awakenings, and subjective sleep quality. We used a generalized estimating equation model to investigate differences in the prevalence of sleep-related outcomes between baseline and post-intervention.

Results
In the DID models, the sleep time per day (+0.5 h), the prevalence of awakening during sleep (−13.9%), and self-reported poor sleep quality (−34.9%) were improved with statistical significance during evening shifts in the experimental group, but there was no significant change during day shifts in the experimental group compared to the control group after the implementation of the new shift system without overnight shift.

Conclusions
Quitting overnight work improved sleep health of shift workers.