bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iodine Mediated One‐Pot Synthesis of Polyarylated‐Oxazoles from Internal Alkynes
Authors: Adhikary Saswati , Banerji Biswadip 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn environmentally benign, efficient, practically applicable and C(sp3)−H functionalization of primary amines for the synthesis of highly substituted oxazoles from easily available internal alkynes was developed. This synthesis is toxic chemicals, transition‐metal free as well as mild and regioselective. This one‐pot methodology with broad substrate scope unlocks a green avenue for the synthesis of highly functionalized oxazole derivatives with excellent yields.
Shifting perspectives: How scrutiny shapes the relationship between CEO gender and acquisition activity
Authors: Gamache Daniel L. , Devers Cynthia E. , Klein Felice B. , Hannigan Timothy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractResearch SummarySeveral upper echelons studies have found that firms led by female executives are less likely to engage in risky endeavors than those led by male top executives. We argue that conceptualizing female CEOs as universally conservative decision‐makers may paint too simplistic a picture and that the impact of CEO gender on strategic decision‐making may vary significantly depending on the given situation CEOs are experiencing. We integrate executive job demands and gender research to propose that scrutiny will exhibit differential effects on female and male CEOs' acquisition activity. We show that in high‐scrutiny contexts, the difference between male and female CEO acquisition activity disappears. In contrast, in low‐scrutiny contexts, the difference between male and female CEOs' acquisition activity is exaggerated.Managerial SummarySubstantial research has shown that female executives acquire at a lower rate than male executives. We argue that viewing female CEOs as universally conservative decision‐makers may paint too simplistic a picture and that the impact of CEO gender on strategic decision‐making may vary significantly depending on the given situation CEOs are experiencing. In particular, we argue and find that in high‐scrutiny contexts, the difference between male and female CEO acquisition activity disappears. This research suggests that managers should consider the impact of environmental context—especially the role of scrutiny—when considering the risk propensity of female leaders.
Directly Cross‐Linked Conjugated Polymer Donor Enables Efficient Polymer Solar Cells with Extraordinary Mechanical Robustness
Authors: Ye Linglong , Yang Yinuo , Liu Chunhui , Duan Xiaopeng , Wang Shijie , Li Wei , Sun Xiaobo , Wang Tao , Ma Wei , Li Weiwei , Sun Yanming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA cross‐linking strategy can result in a three‐dimensional network of interconnected chains for the copolymers, thereby improving their mechanical performance. In this work, a series of cross‐linked conjugated copolymers, named PC2, PC5, and PC8, constructed with different ratios of monomers are designed and synthesized. For comparison, a random linear copolymer, PR2 is also synthesized based on the similar monomers. When blended with Y6 acceptor, the cross‐linked polymers PC2, PC5, and PC8‐based polymer solar cells (PSCs) achieve superior power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 17.58%, 17.02%, and 16.12%, respectively, which are higher than that (15.84%) of the random copolymer PR2‐based devices. Moreover, the PCE of PC2:Y6‐based flexible PSC retains ≈88% of the initial efficiency value after 2000 bending cycles, overwhelming the PR2:Y6‐based device with the remaining 12.8% of the initial PCE. These results demonstrate that the cross‐linking strategy is a feasible and facile approach to developing high‐performance polymer donors for the fabrication of flexible PSCs.
Enabling Specific Benzene Oxidation by Tuning the Adsorption Behavior on Au Loaded MgAl Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Shen Tianyang , Song Ziheng , Li Jiaxin , bai Sha , Liu Guihao , Sun Xiaoliang , Li Shaoquan , Chen Wei , Zheng Lirong , Song Yu‐Fei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDirect and selective oxidation of benzene to phenol is a long‐term goal in industry. Although great efforts have been made in homogenous catalysis, it still remains a huge challenge to drive this reaction via heterogeneous catalysts under mild conditions. Herein, a single‐atom Au loaded MgAl‐layered double hydroxide (Au1‐MgAl‐LDH) with a well‐defined structure, in which the Au single atoms are located on the top of Al3+ with Au‐O4 coordination as revealed by extended x–ray–absorption fine–structure (EXAFS)and density–functional theory (DFT)calculation is reported. The photocatalytic results prove the Au1‐MgAl‐LDH is capable of driving benzene oxidation reaction with O2 in water, and exhibits a high selectivity of 99% for phenol. While contrast experiment shows a ≈99% selectivity for aliphatic acid with Au nanoparticle loaded MgAl‐LDH (Au‐NP‐MgAl‐LDH). Detailed characterizations confirm that the origin of the selectivity difference can be attributed to the profound adsorption behavior of substrate benzene with Au single atoms and nanoparticles. For Au1‐MgAl‐LDH, single Au‐C bond is formed in benzene activation and result in the production of phenol. While for Au‐NP‐MgAl‐LDH, multiple AuC bonds are generated in benzene activation, leading to the crack of CC bond.
Unsteady flow of micropolar fluid on a magnetized sheet: Effects of magnetic and microrotation parameters on wall couple stress and skin friction
Authors: Ahmad Adeel , Ishaq Airal , Athar Maria , Anjum Junaid , Nawaz Rab 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the unsteady flow of a micropolar fluid past a magnetized stretchable/shrinkable sheet. Our research aims to analyze the effects of magnetic field, moving slit, and various parameters on the velocity, magnetic, and microrotation profiles of the fluid. By applying the Blasius–Rayleigh–Stokes variable, we derive ordinary differential equations from the partial differential equations that define the problem. We solve the transformed set of equations using the shooting method and obtain dual solutions. Our findings indicate that skin friction decreases with increasing values of the microrotation parameter and magnetic interaction parameter. We also observe that the magnetic interaction parameter enhances the microrotation of molecules. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the behavior of unsteady flows in micropolar fluids and sheds light on the impact of various parameters on dual solutions.
Introduction: Historicizing and Spatializing Global Slavery
Authors: Pargas Damian A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe introduction to this volume explains the condition of slavery (including its definition and its place at the far end of a broad spectrum of coercion and unfreedom); illuminates conceptual and methodological choices; and discusses the layout and main intentions of the handbook. In particular it discusses how scholars approach the study of slavery, as well as some common themes in global slavery scholarship. It also underscores the intention of this volume to both historicize and spatialize slavery—i.e., to historicize it by moving beyond linear stories that trace slavery from Graeco-Roman antiquity and end with transatlantic slavery and abolition; and to spatialize it by recentering the geography of slavery, illuminating regional contexts of slavery around the world.
Slavery in the Ottoman Empire
Authors: Özkoray Hayri Gökşin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter analyzes Ottoman slavery as an institution in order to provide readers with insights into how Ottoman society both benefited from slavery and became largely defined by it. The topic will be examined by illuminating the aspects of entry into slavery, extraction of slave labor, and exits from slavery, arguing that these three phases were cyclical rather than gradually evolutionist.
Slavery in Chosŏn Korea
Authors: Kim Sun Joo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChosŏn Korea (1392–1910) was one of the most enduring slave societies in world history. This chapter discusses how slavery as an institution evolved during the Chosŏn dynasty, paying particular attention to the emergence of a large-scale slave society, the socio-economic values of slavery within the social hierarchy, slaves’ legal status and their agency in managing their lives, various means through which slaves achieved their freedom, and the socio-economic, legal, and moral factors that contributed to the dissolution of slavery.
Mesopotamian Slavery
Authors: Richardson Seth 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA survey of Mesopotamian slavery provides an opportunity to evaluate how foundational or institutional the practice was in its earliest known forms. The entry to and exit from slavery were relatively asystematic, the status often ended up being temporary, and the functions and status of slaves are difficult to distinguish from those of other persons (e.g., servants and dependents) who also performed labor under coercion. This chapter considers these aspects as well as developments and changes in Mesopotamian slavery in the Old Babylonian period (ca. 2000–1600 BCE), focusing on this specific historical period as a model to comment on slavery in cuneiform culture as a whole (which lasted from ca. 3300 to 300 BCE).
Maritime Passages in the Indian Ocean Slave Trade
Authors: Machado Pedro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEnslavement as a process was complex and multilayered, often encompassing experiences of dislocation and displacement, as individuals were taken from their homes to destinations that could be thousands of miles away. This chapter considers the range of experiences that both African and Asian slaves endured in the Indian Ocean in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries during periods of intensified exchange of captives between the interiors, coasts and islands scattered across the ocean. While the moment of capture or bondage signaled the beginning of a new unfree state and social position, the experience of enslavement did not necessarily end at that moment; rather, it initiated a process whose trajectories could be expansive and involve multiple stages (and geographies) that shaped the contours of an unfree existence in the ocean.
Slavery in Francophone West Africa
Authors: Rossi Benedetta 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMultiple forms of labor coercion were common in West Africa in the first half of the twentieth century. This chapter focuses on two of them: one, based on interior slavery, was rooted in the longue durée of regional history. The other, colonial forced labor, was exogenous and introduced by European colonialists between the mid-nineteenth and the early twentieth century. In Tahoua, the region of today’s Republic of Niger that this chapter focuses on, these two forms of coerced labor co-existed. In 1905 France abolished indigenous slavery in its recently acquired African territories and concurrently introduced a regime of compulsory labor for the building and maintenance of colonial infrastructure. In spite of French legal abolition, indigenous slavery did not die out, but started being contested and resisted more effectively by those who had been enslaved. Those formerly enslaved to local slaveowners and their descendants were also the first to be forcibly recruited to carry out construction work on colonial worksites. These two regimes of coerced labor, with different ideological origins, became intertwined and underwent substantial changes throughout the twentieth century. Their legacies have continued influencing labor relations and forms of personal dependence into the present day.
Slavery in the Roman Empire
Authors: Lenski Noel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Roman Empire developed one of the largest and most economically and culturally integrated systems of slavery in world history. It thrived on a remarkably robust supply stream that included enslavement by birth, capture, sale from foreign and domestic sources, the reclaiming of exposed infants, and—in late antiquity—self-sale, child sale, and debt bondage. Enslavement was imposed upon people from all regions, inside and outside the empire, and was never inflicted exclusively on a particular racial or ethnic group. Those enslaved to Rome worked in agriculture, industry, service, and even knowledge production, allowing them to be the primary workforce behind the generation of elite wealth. Escape from slavery could at times involve resistance, including everything from open revolt to flight, but Roman society was also remarkably generous with manumission. This and many other features reflect a hybridity between ancient patterns of captive integration and modern habits of slave exclusion.
Slavery in the Black Sea Region
Authors: Barker Hannah 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDuring the medieval period, people in the Black Sea region both owned slaves and exported them. The majority of Black Sea slaves were not born into that status; they became enslaved either through capture or sale. Once enslaved, they might be kept locally for domestic and sexual service, or they might be commodified and sold into long-distance commercial networks that extended east toward China and west toward the Mediterranean. An end to enslavement could not be taken for granted: some slaves were ransomed, some were individually manumitted, some escaped, but many died in slavery.
Introduction: A Legal Geography of Property Rights in Land
Authors: Byer Amanda 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe opening chapter sets out the aim of the work, which is to examine the common law concept of property in relation to land using a landscape lens. The chapter distinguishes this research from other genealogies of property by emphasising the use of the legal geography methodology to critique property in terms of its relation to space. The chapter summarises the main features of modern land law. The book’s structure is outlined, beginning with an exploration of property’s roots in landscape, an investigation of the development of the classic hallmarks of property through a legal geographical analysis of classic property theory, a discussion of property’s linkages to spatial injustice and a critique of progressive property’s potential to challenge the ownership paradigm in property law.
Zero modes of fermions trapped by giant vortices
Authors: Gates Logan , Penin Alexander A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Zero-energy solutions of the Dirac equation for the fermions bound to giant vortices of large winding number n are studied in the abelian Higgs and Chern-Simons Higgs models. The case of Jackiw-Rossi theory of the Majorana states in topological superconductors is discussed in detail. By expanding in inverse powers of n we find an analytic result for asymptotically all n solutions required by the index theorem. In the abelian Higgs model the zero modes fill the vortex core and reveal a universal structure independent of fine details of the gauge and scalar field interactions which, in particular, determines the general properties of the large-n superconducting cosmic strings. On the contrary, for the Chern-Simons Higgs vortices the zero modes are localized on the core boundary and the explicit solution is obtained for the supersymmetric couplings in a self-dual background.
SL(2, R) × U(1) symmetry and quasinormal modes in the self-dual warped AdS black hole
Authors: Chen Yuan , Guo Wei , Shi Kai , Zhang Hongbao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The algebraic approach to the spectrum of quasinormal modes has been made as simple as possible for the BTZ black hole by the strategy developed in [16]. By working with the self-dual warped AdS black hole, we demonstrate in an explicit way that such a strategy can be well adapted to those warped AdS balck holes with the SL(2, R) × U(1) isometry. To this end, we first introduce two associated tensor fields with the quadratic Casimir of SL(2, R) × U(1) Lie algebra in the self-dual warped AdS black hole and show that they correspond essentially to the metric and volume element up to a constant prefactor, respectively. Then without appealing to any concrete coordinate system, we can further show that the solutions to the equations of motion for the scalar, vector, spinor fields all fall into the representations of the SL(2, R) × U(1) Lie algebra by a purely abstract tensor and spinor analysis. Accordingly, the corresponding spectrum of quasinormal modes for each fixed azimuthal quantum number can be derived algebraically as the infinite tower of descendants of the highest weight mode of the SL(2, R) Lie subalgebra.
Seismicity and Fault Interaction in the Gulf of Aqaba
Authors: Abdelazim Mona , ElGabry Mohamed N. , Gobashy Mohamed M. , Khalil Mohamed H. , Hussein Hesham M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Gulf of Aqaba is considered one of the most seismotectonically active regions in the Middle East. This study analyzes the seismic activity from 1983 to 2018 to investigate the spatio-temporal distribution of the events in the Gulf’s three basins. The seismic activity is characterized by conventional mainshock–aftershock sequences and swarm activity. Most activity is located in the Aragonese basin, while the Dakar basin shows less seismic activity. The b-value was calculated for the three basins from the declustered catalogue, representing the fingerprint of the transform fault. Within the Aragonese, three significant earthquakes occurred in 1993, 1995, and 2015 with moment magnitude (Mw) of 5.8, 7.2, and 5.2, respectively. An intermediate seismic quiescence preceded the three earthquakes. The quiescence time for the 1995 earthquake began at the tail of the aftershocks of the 1993 mainshock, suggesting that the two earthquakes were not entirely independent. At the tail of the 1995 earthquake aftershocks, the seismic activity spread across the Gulf, increasing in frequency and decreasing in magnitude. A similar pattern was observed for the seismic quiescence preceding the 2015 mainshock. The occurrence of the three significant and proximal earthquakes in the Aragonese region over a 22-year interval, with the described similarities, suggests a link between these earthquakes. Finally, the Coulomb stress transfer shows that the 1993 source fault seems to increase the stress loading on the 1995 left-lateral strike-slip fault, and the latter would also increase the stress transfer on the 2015 left-lateral strike-slip fault.
Diagnosing Hydro-Mechanical Effects in Subsurface Fluid Flow Through Fractures
Authors: Schmidt Patrick , Steeb Holger , Renner Jörg 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHydro-mechanically induced transient changes in fracture volume elude an analysis of pressure and flow rate transients by conventional diffusion-based models. We used a previously developed fully coupled, inherently non-linear numerical simulation model to demonstrate that harmonic hydraulic excitation of fractures leads to systematic overtones in the response spectrum that can thus be used as a diagnostic criterion for hydro-mechanical interaction. The examination of response spectra, obtained from harmonic testing at four different field sites, for the occurrence of overtones confirmed their potential for the hydro-mechanical characterization of tested reservoirs. A non-dimensional analysis identified relative aperture change as the critical system parameter.
Evidenzbasierte Prävention für die psychische Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen: Der Ansatz „Communities That Care“ (CTC) für Deutschland
Authors: Walter Ulla , Groeger-Roth Frederick , Röding Dominik 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungIntersektorale Zusammenarbeit, Evidenzbasierung und nachhaltige Implementation sind zentrale Herausforderungen in der kommunalen Gesundheitsförderung. Diese adressiert das internationale Präventionssystem „Communities That Care“ (CTC). CTC zielt mit einer systemischen Mehr-Ebenen-Strategie auf die Prävention von Alkohol- und Drogenmissbrauch, Gewalt, Delinquenz, Schulabbruch und depressiven Symptomen bei Heranwachsenden. Das in den USA entwickelte, evidenzbasierte und kosteneffektive Präventionssystem wurde nach Deutschland transferiert; die Kosteneffektivität wird derzeit in einer Replikationsstudie überprüft.CTC ist empirisch-theoretisch basiert und folgt einem 5‑phasigen Prozessmodell. Wesentlich für die Akzeptanz und evidenzbasierte Durchführung ist die Bildung einer intersektoralen Koalition, deren Mitglieder mehrjährig beratend begleitet und geschult werden. Die Akteur:innen werden befähigt, auf kommunaler Ebene ein Systemveränderungsmodell einzusetzen und langfristig zu implementieren. Ziel ist es, evidenzbasierte Maßnahmen datenbasiert und bedarfsorientiert auszuwählen und unter Berücksichtigung der Kontextbedingungen vor Ort zu implementieren, um Risikofaktoren zu reduzieren, Schutzfaktoren zu fördern und damit die Gesundheit der Heranwachsenden zu verbessern. Validierte Instrumente wie der CTC-Kinder- und Jugendsurvey sowie das Register „Grüne Liste Prävention“ mit evidenzbasierten Programmen unterstützen den Prozess.CTC integriert als systemische Intervention vorhandene örtliche Strukturen und Organisationen und bindet diese über neue Entscheidungs- und Entwicklungsgremien in den gesamten Prozess ein. Auf diese Weise kann das Potenzial in der Kommune so gut wie möglich genutzt, Ressourcen gebündelt, Kräfte entfaltet und Transparenz hergestellt werden.
Development and validation of an eco-compatible UV–Vis spectrophotometric method for the determination of Cu2+ in aqueous matrices
Authors: Prete Prisco , Iannaccone Davide , Proto Antonio , Tobiszewski Marek , Cucciniello Raffaele 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCu2+ are ubiquitous ions in the ecosystem and are responsible of serious environmental pollution. Indeed, the development of sensitive methods for Cu2+ detection is an urgent demand. In this work, we proposed a new spectrophotometric method for Cu2+ determination in different water matrices (distilled water, drinking water, wastewater, and river water). The method employs a bio-based organic ligand namely tetrasodium iminodisuccinate (IDS) able to form a stable complex with the analyte with a maximum absorption at 710 nm. Within the linear range of 6.3–381 mg L−1, the limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be as 1.43 mg L−1. Moreover, the recovery data of the spiked analysis of drinking/river/wastewater water samples were also satisfactory and verified the feasibility of the method for the analysis of Cu2+ in natural conditions. Finally, the AGREE assessment tool was used for a quantitative evaluation of the proposed method and reference method, in agreement with the green analytical chemistry principles. The results showed the lower environmental impact of the proposed method and the suitability of this novel approach for Cu2+ in water matrices.
Graphical abstract
Large prime gaps and probabilistic models
Authors: Banks William , Ford Kevin , Tao Terence 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe introduce a new probabilistic model of the primes consisting of integers that survive the sieving process when a random residue class is selected for every prime modulus below a specific bound. From a rigorous analysis of this model, we obtain heuristic upper and lower bounds for the size of the largest prime gap in the interval $[1,x]$
[
1
,
x
]
. Our results are stated in terms of the extremal bounds in the interval sieve problem. The same methods also allow us to rigorously relate the validity of the Hardy-Littlewood conjectures for an arbitrary set (such as the actual primes) to lower bounds for the largest gaps within that set.