bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Importance of Selected Drought Indicators for the United States Drought Monitor
Authors: Yatheendradas Soni , Mocko David M. , Peters-Lidard Christa , Kumar Sujay 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Using information theory, our study quantifies the importance of selected indicators for the U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM) maps. We use the technique of mutual information (MI) to measure the importance of any indicator to the USDM, and because MI is derived solely from the data, our findings are independent of any model structure (conceptual, physically based, or empirical). We also compare these MIs against the drought representation effectiveness ratings in the North America Drought Indices and Indicators Assessment (NADIIA) survey for Köppen climate zones. This reveals 1) agreement between some ratings and our MI values [high for example indicators like standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI)]; 2) some divergences (e.g., soil moisture has high ratings but near-zero MIs for ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI) soil moisture in the Western United States, indicating the need of another remotely sensed soil moisture source); and 3) new insights into the importance of variables such as snow water equivalent (SWE) that are not included in sources like NADIIA. Further analysis of the MI results yields findings related to 1) hydrological mechanisms (summertime SWE domination during individual drought events through snowmelt into the water-scarce soil); 2) hydroclimatic types (the top pair of inputs in the Western and non-Western regions are SPEIs and soil moistures, respectively); and 3) predictability (high for the California 2012–17 event, with longer-time scale indicators dominating). Finally, the high MIs between multiple indicators jointly and the USDM indicate potentially high drought forecasting accuracies achievable using only model-based inputs, and the potential for global drought monitoring using only remotely sensed inputs, especially for locations having insufficient in situ observations.

Significance Statement
Drought maps from the U.S. Drought Monitor and the Objective Short- and Long-Term Drought Indicator Blends and Blend Equivalents are integrated information sources of the different types of drought. Multiple indicators go into creation of these maps, yet it is usually not clear to both public and private stakeholders like local agencies and insurance companies about the importance of any indicator in any region and season to the drought maps. Our study provides such objective information to enable understanding the mechanism and type of drought occurring at a location, season, and possibly event of interest, as well as to potentially aid in better drought monitoring and forecasting using smaller custom sets of indicators.
Generation of Cold Anticyclonic Eddies and Warm Cyclonic Eddies in the Tropical Oceans
Authors: Ni Qinbiao , Zhai Xiaoming , Yang Zhibin , Chen Dake 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Mesoscale eddies are ubiquitous features of the global ocean circulation. Traditionally, anticyclonic eddies are thought to be associated with positive temperature anomalies while cyclonic eddies are associated with negative temperature anomalies. However, our recent study found that about one-fifth of the eddies identified from global satellite observations are cold-core anticyclonic eddies (CAEs) and warm-core cyclonic eddies (WCEs). Here we show that in the tropical oceans where the probabilities of CAEs and WCEs are high, there are significantly more CAEs and WCEs in summer than in winter. We conduct a suite of idealized numerical model experiments initialized with composite eddy structures obtained from Argo profiles as well as a heat budget analysis. The results highlight the key role of relative wind-stress-induced Ekman pumping, surface mixed layer depth, and vertical entrainment in the formation and seasonal cycle of these unconventional eddies. The relative wind stress is found to be particularly effective in converting conventional eddies into CAEs or WCEs when the surface mixed layer is shallow. The abundance of CAEs and WCEs in the global ocean calls for further research on this topic.
Fostering an Enabling Environment for Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture and Food Systems in Nigeria
Authors: Ajieroh Victor , Onabolu Adeyinka , Ezekannagha Oluchi , Adeyemi Olutayo 
Published: June 2023

Background: Although recommendations exist for making agriculture and food systems nutrition sensitive, guidance about how to successfully operationalize these recommendations within national institutions is limited. Over the 13 years from 2010 to 2023, there were several undertakings to strengthen the enabling environment for sustainable nutrition-sensitive agriculture (NSA) and food systems in Nigeria. Some studies were also conducted over the period to foster better understanding of the national enabling environment and facilitate effective actions. Objective: This article documents successes and failures from Nigeria’s experiences by reflecting on critical developments, events, policies, and programmes on Nigeria’s journey toward advancing nutrition through agriculture and food systems; as well as findings from conducted studies. Discussion: Successes include the existence of a Nutrition and Food Safety Division in the Ministry of Agriculture and an approval for a Nutrition Department, existence of an agriculture sector nutrition strategy, increased private sector engagement and commitment to nutrition-sensitive food systems, and increased funding for nutrition in the agriculture sector. Challenges especially remain for scaling up strategic, operational, and delivery capacity of both organizations and individuals involved in advancing NSA and food systems. Lessons learned include—institutionalizing NSA and food systems takes time; knowledge brokering is indispensable and requires several collaborating entities and stakeholders; and approaches used should be suited to available government capacity. Conclusion: More than a decade of efforts targeting different enabling environment factors has resulted in greater political commitment for nutrition within the agriculture sector and an improved enabling environment for NSA and food systems.
Histological changes in liver and kidney of male mice by age after exposure to aluminum chloride
Authors: Irnidayanti Yulia , Fatona Dian , Rizkawati Vina 
Published: June 2023

The informal aluminum industry is increasingly widespread in low- and middle-income countries, especially in Indonesia. Aluminum exposure is a serious public health problem, especially among workers in the informal aluminum foundry sector. Research on aluminum (Al) is important to advance our understanding of its impact on physiological systems. Here, we investigated the effect of exposure to aluminum longitudinal histological changes on the liver and kidneys of male mice. Mice were separated into six groups (4/group): group 1, group 2, group 3 received vehicles, and group 4, group 5, group 6 were administered a single dose of Al at 200 mg/kg b.w. by intraperitoneally every 3 days for 4 weeks. Post-sacrifice, kidneys and liver were isolated for examination. While Al did not impact the body weight gain of male mice across all groups, it caused liver damage including sinusoidal dilatation, enlarged central veins, vacuolar degeneration, and pyknotic nuclei in one-month-old mice. Furthermore, atrophied glomeruli, blood-filled spaces, and disintegration of renal tubular epithelium are evident at one-month-age. By contrast, sinusoidal dilatation and enlarged central veins were found in mice two- and three-months-old, including hemorrhage in mice (two-month-old) and atrophy of glomeruli. Lastly, the kidneys of three-month-old mice displayed interstitial fibrosis and increasing mesenchyme in the glomeruli. In summary, we demonstrated that Al provoked histological changes in the liver and kidneys with Al-treated 1-month mice being the most susceptible.
Are We Together in This? Relationship Experiences of Parents of Children with Craniofacial Anomalies
Authors: Myhre Anita , Råbu Marit , Feragen Kristin Billaud 
Published: June 2023

Objective The birth of a child with a craniofacial anomaly (CFA) can have a profound psychological impact on the family and the parental relationship. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively investigate how a child's CFA condition affected parents’ couple relationship. Setting All patients with a CFA are followed-up by the National Unit for Craniofacial Surgery, a specialized and multidisciplinary team. Hence, participants were recruited within a centralized treatment setting. Design We used a qualitative approach to explore the relationship experiences of parents of children with CFAs. The interviews were analysed using a hermeneutic-phenomenological approach. Participants The study included 13 parents, nine mothers and four fathers of children with a range of different CFAs. At the time of the interview, 10 participants were married, one was cohabiting, and two were divorced. Results Most participants perceived their partners as committed and engaged in caring for their affected child and involved in the family's everyday life, and described a strengthened relationship to their partner after the child with a CFA was born. However, some participants struggled in their relationships with their partners, and did not receive the comfort and support they needed during this critical time, leading to feelings of distance and loneliness. Conclusions Craniofacial teams should be mindful of the importance of the environment surrounding the child, such as parental relationship and family function. Therefore, a comprehensive approach should be included in team-based care, and couples and families in need of extra support should be referred to relevant specialists.
Myocardial bridge in a patient with castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer treated with enzalutamide
Authors: Giordano Giulia , Mastrantoni Luca , Colloca Giuseppe Ferdinando 
Published: June 2023

Introduction Myocardial bridge is a morphological anomaly of the heart characterised by the presence of a myocardial segment above a coronary artery, which results in a higher risk of cardiovascular events. In patients with prostate cancer treated with androgen receptor-targeted agents, a higher risk of cardiotoxicity was observed. Case report An 88 years old man with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in treatment with enzalutamide, denosumab, and triptorelin presented to our attention complaining dyspnoea and angina pectoris. Management and outcome Blood examinations revealed normal Troponin I levels. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed no signs of acute myocardial ischaemia. The treadmill stress test revealed S-T tract under levelling in V4–V6 with a very slow resolution. Coronary angiography identified a myocardial bridge in the medium tract of the interventricular anterior artery. Due to these findings, ranolazine and simvastatin were started and, after multidisciplinary assessment, we decided to continue the treatment with enzalutamide. At the first follow-up visit echocardiography found out the cardiological reports stability and no therapy changes were performed. During follow-up visit cardiological revaluation showed reports stability and no therapy changes were performed. Discussion Due to the high prevalence of prostate cancer in elderly patients at high cardiovascular risk and the increasing use of androgen receptor-targeted agent, a multidisciplinary approach is highly recommended to weigh survival benefits on toxicities. This case report may support the use of androgen receptor-targeted agent in elderly patients with controlled cardiovascular diseases, a population that is often excluded from randomised trials.
Atezolizumab-associated myositis in a patient with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Baigi Tania , Brown Erika N , De La Torre Rodrigo M , Abu-Shahin Fadi I 
Published: June 2023

Introduction Combination treatment with atezolizumab and bevacizumab is the preferred first-line treatment for patients with unresectable or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma with a Child-Pugh Class A liver function. Reactivation of the antitumor immune response with atezolizumab can result in the development of immune-related adverse events including colitis, skin rash, endocrinopathies, pneumonitis, and nephritis with renal dysfunction. However, the occurrence of myositis with immune checkpoint inhibitors is rare. Case report We report on a 67-year-old male patient with an initial diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, stage IV, unresectable with underlying cirrhosis who experienced atezolizumab-associated myositis. Management and outcome Utilization of the American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline on managing immune checkpoint inhibitors adverse events helped guide the ordering of pertinent labs for monitoring and pharmacologic treatment. In our case, atezolizumab-induced myositis was resolved via a combination of corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulins, and plasmapheresis. Discussion Recognition of the signs and symptoms of atezolizumab-associated myositis is recommended and utilization of the American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline to guide management and treatment of associated symptoms.
Epidemiology, Treatment Patterns, Comorbidities, and Concomitant Medication in Patients with ADHD in Sweden: A Registry-Based Study (2018–2021)
Authors: Giacobini MaiBritt , Ahnemark Ewa , Medin Emma , Freilich Jonatan , Andersson Magnus , Ma Yuanjun , Ginsberg Ylva 
Published: June 2023

Objective: To evaluate treatment patterns for ADHD in Sweden. Method: Observational retrospective study of patients with ADHD from the Swedish National Patient Register and Prescribed Drug Register, 2018 to 2021. Cross-sectional analyses included incidence, prevalence, and psychiatric comorbidities. Longitudinal analyses (newly diagnosed patients) included medication, treatment lines, duration, time-to-treatment initiation, and switching. Results: Of 243,790 patients, 84.5% received an ADHD medication. Psychiatric comorbidities were common, particularly autism among children, and depression in adults. Most frequent first-/second-line treatments were methylphenidate (MPH; 81.6%) and lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX; 46.0%), respectively. In the second-line, LDX was most frequently prescribed (46.0%), followed by MPH (34.9%), then atomoxetine (7.7%). Median treatment duration was longest for LDX (10.4 months), followed by amphetamine (9.1 months). Conclusion: This nationwide registry study provides real-life insights into the current epidemiology of ADHD and the changing treatment landscape for patients in Sweden.
Attack adjudication in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: Substantiation of criteria by magnetic resonance imaging and biomarkers in N-MOmentum
Authors: Weinshenker Brian G , Wingerchuk Dean M , Green Ari J , Bennett Jeffrey L , Kim Ho Jin , Pittock Sean J , Fujihara Kazuo , Paul Friedemann , Cutter Gary , Marignier Romain , Aktas Orhan , Hartung Hans-Peter , She Dewei , Smith Michael , Rees William , Patterson Kristina , Cimbora Daniel , Katz Eliezer , Cree Bruce AC 
Published: June 2023

Background: The N-MOmentum trial investigated safety and efficacy of inebilizumab in participants with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Objective: Evaluate the attack identification process and adjudication committee (AC) performance in N-MOmentum. Methods: Adults ( n = 230) with NMOSD and Expanded Disability Status Scale score ⩽8 were randomized (3:1) to inebilizumab 300 mg or placebo. The randomized controlled period was 28 weeks or until adjudicated attack. Attacks were adjudicated according to 18 predefined criteria. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biomarker (serum glial fibrillary acidic protein [sGFAP]) analyses were performed. Results: A total of 64 participant-reported neurological events occurred; 51 (80%) were investigator-determined to be attacks. The AC confirmed 43 of the investigator-determined attacks (84%). There was high inter- and intra-AC-member agreement. In 25/64 events (39%) and 14/43 AC-adjudicated attacks (33%), MRI was reviewed during adjudication. Retrospective analysis revealed new domain-specific T1 and T2 MRI lesions in 90% of adjudicated attacks. Increased mean sGFAP concentrations (>2-fold change) from baseline were observed in 56% of adjudicated attacks versus 14% of investigator-determined attacks rejected by the AC and 31% of participant-reported events determined not to be attacks. Conclusion: AC adjudication of NMOSD attacks according to predefined criteria appears robust. MRI lesion correlates and sGFAP elevations were found in most adjudicated attacks.
The treatment effects and cardiovascular events of high-dose intravenous iron for hemodialysis patients with renal anemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Shanbao , Ouyang Meng , Liu Lei 
Published: June 2023

Background Hemodialysis patients are common to have renal anemia in the nephrology practice. For the renal anemia, the high-dose iron from the intravenous route is an important treatment option. We can understand the treatment effects and cardiovascular events of high-dose intravenous iron reviewing the randomized clinical trials. Methods We compared the high-dose and low-dose iron treatments to find if the high-dose intravenous iron can influence the hematological parameters more significantly than the low-dose iron. The cardiovascular events were also analyzed for the high-dose iron treatment. Six studies with a total of 2422 renal anemia patients under hemodialysis were enrolled. We focused the outcomes of hemoglobin, transferrin saturation percentage, ferritin, erythropoietin dose, and cardiovascular events. Results The high-dose intravenous iron might be associated with a greater number of ferritin, transferrin saturation percentage, and hemoglobin. In addition, the erythropoietin dose was less needed to maintain the ideal hemoglobin range in the high-dose intravenous iron group. Conclusions In current meta-analysis, the high-dose intravenous iron might show the superior effects on the ferritin, transferrin saturation percentage, and hemoglobin levels and needed dose of erythropoietin when compared to low-dose iron treatment.
Evaluation of menstrual symptoms after Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in women with endometriosis
Authors: Martínez-Zamora María Ángeles , Feixas Georgina , Gracia Meritxell , Rius Mariona , Quintas Lara , de Guirior Cristian , Carmona Francisco 
Published: June 2023

Background: Vaccination can have an impact on menstruation, and this impact may be more notable in women with inflammatory gynecological pathologies such as endometriosis. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the impact of mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on menstrual cycle–related symptoms in women with endometriosis and assess the effect of hormonal therapy on potential SARS-CoV-2 vaccination-induced menstrual changes. Design: A total of 848 women who received at least two doses of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines were prospectively recruited: 407 with endometriosis (endometriosis group) and 441 healthy controls (non-endometriosis group). Methods: Data regarding demographics, clinical characteristics, hormonal treatment, and menstrual-associated symptoms in the first and second cycle after vaccination were collected through an online survey. Results: A similar percentage of patients in both the endometriosis and the non-endometriosis group self-reported menstrual-associated changes the first (52.6% versus 48.8%, respectively) and second cycle after vaccination (29.0% versus 28.1%, respectively). Although the total symptoms recorded were not different between the two groups, several specific symptoms were statistically more frequent in the endometriosis group. These were pain disorders and fatigue in the first cycle after vaccination and pain disorders, menstrual headache and fatigue in the second cycle after vaccination. Bleeding frequency/regularity disorders were found to be more frequent in the non-endometriosis group in the first cycle after vaccination. Patients under hormonal treatment reported fewer changes in menstrual symptoms in the first and second cycle after vaccination compared with those not receiving this treatment. Similarly, patients in the endometriosis group receiving hormonal treatment reported fewer changes in menstrual-associated symptoms compared with those not following any hormonal treatment in the first and second menstrual cycle after the last vaccination. Conclusion: Women with endometriosis immunized with mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines did not perceive greater worsening or new menstrual-associated symptoms after complete COVID-19 vaccination compared with healthy controls. Hormonal treatment may have a protective effect against worsened or new menstrual symptoms induced by COVID-19 vaccination.
Ankle Telemedicine Planning Considerations
Authors: Applewhite Andres I. , Denay Keri L. , Hilgefort Jordan , Bertasi Raphael A. O. , Arizpe Azael , Kinaszczuk Anja M. , Hodgens Blake H. , Aiyer Amiethab , Pujalte George G. A. 
Published: June 2023

A virtual medical visit, also known as telemedicine or telehealth, is a valuable alternative method of providing health care to patients who do not have easy access to a hospital, or during times when limited social interaction is crucial such as our current COVID-19 pandemic. A virtual approach to evaluating musculoskeletal system ailments is particularly challenging, for diagnosis of these conditions generally rely greatly on physical examination, which may be challenging. However, a properly planned and executed telemedicine visit will yield successful results in most cases. Our aim is to produce a document with instructions and suggestions, including physical examination maneuvers, to help physicians carry out a proper virtual medical visit with patients complaining of ankle musculoskeletal problems. Virtual visits should not be thought of as a replacement for traditional face-to-face medical consultations, but rather a complementary method to provide health care when deemed appropriate. By following this guide, and tailoring it to the specific case at hand, medical providers should be able to effectively carry out a successful telemedicine consultation for musculoskeletal ailments relating to the ankle. Levels of Evidence: Level V
Colorectal Cancer Screening in Rural and Urban Primary Care Practices Amid Implementation of the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act
Authors: Borders Tyrone F. , Morgan Zachary J. , Peterson Lars E. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose: The Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA) incentivized primary care practices to improve colorectal cancer screening rates. This study examined if colorectal screening rates improved among rural and urban primary care practices amid implementation of MACRA. Methods: Colorectal cancer screening data are from a national registry of 139 primary care practices. Repeated measures regression tested for rural/urban differences and changes in screening rates between 2016 and 2020, adjusting for county demographic factors and social deprivation. Results: Screening rates were 64% in both rural and urban practices in the first quarter of 2016 and increased to 80% and 83% in rural and urban practices, respectively, in the last quarter of 2020. In adjusted analyses, screening rates increased by 4% per year and there were no rural/urban differences. Lower screening rates were associated with higher county proportions of persons who were 45 to 74 years of age and Hispanic. Higher screening rates were associated with higher county proportions of persons who were White, Black, and Asian and higher social deprivation. Conclusions: Colorectal screening rates improved among rural and urban primary care practices during implementation of MACRA, but disparities persist among practices serving county populations that are relatively older, more Hispanic, and have higher social deprivation.