bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chinese Studies in Poland: History and Current Perspectives
Authors: Sarek Katarzyna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe earliest pieces of knowledge and research on China in Poland reflected development of Sinological studies in Western Europe. Being located on the sidelines of trade routes through which Eastern ideas and goods reached Western Europe, Poles used to get their information about China mostly from intermediaries: medieval travelers, merchants, and envoys, and since the sixteenth century, letters, writings, and books by Jesuit missionaries. The Poles contributed the very first comprehensive description of Chinese flora, and were important in spreading mathematical knowledge among Chinese scientists. A Pole established Monumenta Serica, still published today, and another Pole applied formal logic to the research of Chinese classical texts for the very first time. Despite all that, regular Sinological research in Poland did not take off until the twentieth century, and even then it was interrupted by political upheaval in Poland and by researchers’ fight either for freedom or with ideology.
A comparative, randomised MRI study of the physiological and appetitive responses to gelling (alginate) and non-gelling nasogastric tube feeds in healthy men
Authors: Aliyu Abdulsalam I. , Nixon Aline , Hoad Caroline L. , Marciani Luca , Corsetti Maura , Aithal Guruprasad P. , Cordon Sally M. , Macdonald Ian A. , Alhussain Maha H. , Inoue Hiroaki , Yamada Masahiko , Taylor Moira A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInclusion in nasogastric tube feeds (NGTF) of acid-sensitive, seaweed-derived alginate, expected to form a reversible gel in the stomach, may create a more normal intragastric state and modified gastrointestinal responses. This may ameliorate NGTF-associated risk of diarrhoea, upper gastrointestinal symptoms and appetite suppression. In a randomised, crossover, comparison study, undertaken in twelve healthy males, an alginate-containing feed (F + ALG) or one that was alginate-free (F-ALG) (300 ml) was given over 1 h with a 7–14-d washout period between treatments. Baseline and for 4-h post-feed initiation, MRI measurements were made to establish small bowel water content (SBWC), gastric contents volume (GCV) and appearance, and superior mesenteric artery blood flux. Blood glucose and gut peptides were measured. Subjective appetite and upper gastrointestinal symptoms scores were obtained. Ad libitum pasta consumption 3-h post-feeding was measured. F + ALG exhibited a gastric appearance consistent with gelling surrounded by a freely mobile water halo. Significant main effects of feed were seen for SBWC (P = 0·03) and peptide YY (PYY) (P = 0·004) which were attributed to generally higher values for SBWC with F + ALG (max difference between adjusted means 72 ml at 210 min) and generally lower values for PYY with F + ALG. GCV showed a faster reduction with F + ALG, less between-participant variation and a feed-by-time interaction (P = 0·04). Feed-by-time interactions were also seen with glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) (P = 0·02) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) (P = 0·002), both showing a blunted response with F + ALG. Apparent intragastric gelling with F + ALG and subsequent differences in gastrointestinal and endocrine responses have been demonstrated between an alginate-containing and alginate-free feed.
AL-RĀZĪ ON THE THEOLOGIANS’ MATERIALISM
Authors: Awad Amal A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLate in his intellectual life, Faḫr al-Dīn al-Rāzī espoused a dualistic position on the nature of the soul, denying that the soul is in any sense a material body. This view, which in broad terms concurs with Avicenna’s, sets al-Rāzī in opposition to the theologians’ materialistic stance. To make his position clear, in his last work Almaṭālib al-Rāzī sets out a comprehensive case for the theologians’ materialism, before critiquing that position. This paper offers a reconstruction of al-Rāzī’s arguments for the theologians’ materialism, providing an insight into arguments in the philosophy of mind during the Islamic Middle Ages.
On the Vitality, or Lack Thereof, in Heliospheric and Coronal Physics
Authors: Fisk Len A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHeliospheric physics is the study of all phenomena in the solar wind, which carves out the heliosphere from the local interstellar medium. Coronal physics is the study of all phenomena in the solar corona, which creates the supersonic wind and all disturbances and variations contained therein. The vitality of heliospheric and coronal physics is measured in two different ways: First, is there conventional vitality, are important observations being made, comprehensive and insightful data analyses occurring, and are the data being successfully explained using numerical models that are based upon known physical processes? Second, is there what I refer to as enhanced vitality, is there new important knowledge being discovered, are paradigm shifts occurring, is the discipline still in search of more complete understandings and not satisfied that all important governing physical processes have been identified and simply need to be applied? By any reasonable standard both heliospheric and coronal physics have achieved conventional vitality. The subject of this article is whether heliospheric and coronal physics have also achieved enhanced vitality. I have been a participant in heliospheric and coronal physics since 1967, which is only 5 years after what can be considered the founding of heliospheric and coronal physics, the confirmation that the solar wind is a supersonic outflow. The assessment of whether heliospheric and coronal physics have achieved enhanced vitality will be based upon the experiences I have had during my 55‐year career.
Joint Inversion of Receiver Functions and Apparent Incidence Angles to Determine the Crustal Structure of Mars
Authors: Joshi Rakshit , Knapmeyer‐Endrun Brigitte , Mosegaard Klaus , Wieczorek M. A. , Igel Heiner , Christensen Ulrich R. , Lognonné Philippe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent estimates of the crustal thickness of Mars show a bimodal result of either ∼20 or ∼40 km beneath the InSight lander. We propose an approach based on random matrix theory applied to receiver functions (RFs) to further constrain the subsurface structure. Assuming a spiked covariance model for our data, we first use the phase transition properties of the singular value spectrum of random matrices to detect coherent arrivals in the waveforms. Examples from terrestrial data show how the method works in different scenarios. We identify three previously undetected converted arrivals in the InSight data, including the first multiple from a deeper third interface. We then use this information to jointly invert RFs with the absolute S‐wave velocity information in the polarization of body waves. Results show a crustal thickness of 43 ± 5 km beneath the lander with two mid‐crustal interfaces at depths of 8 ± 1 and 21 ± 3 km.
Inter‐Calibration of Geostationary Imager Infrared Bands Using a Hyperspectral Sounder on the Same Platform
Authors: Di Di , Liu Yue , Li Jun , Zhou Ronglian , Li Zhenglong , Gong Xinya 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGeostationary (GEO) imager Infrared (IR) bands are often intercalibrated with hyperspectral IR sounders onboard low earth orbit (LEO) satellites. Due to viewing geometry and time differences between GEO and LEO, the inter‐calibration is limited to certain viewing angles and times. When a GEO hyperspectral IR sounder and GEO imager are on the same platform, the inter‐calibration can be conducted from all angles and at all times. In this study, the Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) is used to inter‐calibrate the Advanced Geosynchronous Radiation Imager (AGRI), both onboard FengYun‐4A. Radiance inter‐comparisons between GIIRS and AGRI under homogeneous scenes, including both clear and cloudy situations, indicate that the differences are within 1 K. The differences have obvious dependence on scene radiance, less dependence on the cloudy situation, and the local zenith angle when it is less than 70°. However, they exhibit significant diurnal characteristics.
Ice Volume and Insolation Forcing of Abrupt Strengthening of East Asian Winter Monsoon During Glacial Inceptions
Authors: Li Tao , Li Gaojun , Chen Tianyu , Sun Youbin , Yin Qiuzhen , Wu Zhipeng , Robinson Laura F. , Li Le , Zhang Zeke , Meng Xianqiang , Zhao Liang , Ji Junfeng , Chen Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIt is generally accepted that the glacial‐interglacial variations of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) are controlled by the volume of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets (NHIS), but the fact that they exhibit different evolution patterns during glacial inceptions is often overlooked. By generating an independent chronology framework and integrating multi‐proxy records from the loess sections on the central Chinese Loess Plateau, here we show that the rapid intensifying of the EAWM during glacial inceptions reflects millennial perturbations in the large‐scale atmospheric circulation in East Asia in response to insolation‐triggered abrupt North Atlantic cooling. This climate teleconnection between North Atlantic and East Asia is found to be particularly effective only when the NHIS reaches a critical large size. Our integrated multi‐proxy records thus highlight the key role of ice volume in modulating the response of the EAWM to insolation‐triggered North Atlantic cooling during the interglacial‐glacial transitions.
Fault Weakening During Short Seismic Slip Pulse Experiments: The Role of Pressurized Water and Implications for Induced Earthquakes in the Groningen Gas Field
Authors: Chen Jianye , Hunfeld Luuk B. , Niemeijer André R. , Spiers Christopher J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHigh‐velocity friction experiments on simulated fault gouges sheared at high normal stress and to low displacement are particularly relevant to induced seismicity, which is becoming an important topic in fault mechanics. Using a new, improved set‐up, which allows simulation of fault stress and fluid pressure () conditions approaching in‐situ reservoir values, we performed ring‐shear experiments on simulated fault gouges prepared from the source‐, reservoir‐, and caprock‐formations of the Groningen gas field. Pre‐sheared gouges were subjected to a rotational slip pulse reaching ∼1.0 m/s peak velocity and 13–16 cm total displacement at effective normal stresses () of 5–31 MPa and up to 5 MPa, using water or dry nitrogen as pore fluid. All water‐saturated gouges show strong dynamic weakening within a few cm of slip, with the lowest dynamic friction (0.2–0.4) measured at the highest . By contrast, the weakening was subtle in experiments using nitrogen. Our analyses focus on the high‐ experiments, which are more realistic and show a distinct dependence of constitutive parameters (e.g., slip‐weakening rate) on , in the form of empirical linear, power‐law or exponential relations. The results provide much‐needed constraints for numerical modeling of induced rupture propagation in the Groningen field. Based on temperature‐ and ‐measurements made in near‐direct contact with the active shear band, and using “post‐mortem” microstructures, we exclude previously‐proposed dynamic weakening mechanisms (e.g., flash heating or thermal pressurization) and suggest that water pressurization at heated asperity or grain contacts explains the weakening seen in our high‐ experiments.
Graphene/MoS2−xOx/graphene photomemristor with tunable non-volatile responsivities for neuromorphic vision processing
Authors: Fu Xiao , Li Tangxin , Cai Bin , Miao Jinshui , Panin Gennady N. , Ma Xinyu , Wang Jinjin , Jiang Xiaoyong , Li Qing , Dong Yi , Hao Chunhui , Sun Juyi , Xu Hangyu , Zhao Qixiao , Xia Mengjia , Song Bo , Chen Fansheng , Chen Xiaoshuang , Lu Wei , Hu Weida 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConventional artificial intelligence (AI) machine vision technology, based on the von Neumann architecture, uses separate sensing, computing, and storage units to process huge amounts of vision data generated in sensory terminals. The frequent movement of redundant data between sensors, processors and memory, however, results in high-power consumption and latency. A more efficient approach is to offload some of the memory and computational tasks to sensor elements that can perceive and process the optical signal simultaneously. Here, we proposed a non-volatile photomemristor, in which the reconfigurable responsivity can be modulated by the charge and/or photon flux through it and further stored in the device. The non-volatile photomemristor has a simple two-terminal architecture, in which photoexcited carriers and oxygen-related ions are coupled, leading to a displaced and pinched hysteresis in the current-voltage characteristics. For the first time, non-volatile photomemristors implement computationally complete logic with photoresponse-stateful operations, for which the same photomemristor serves as both a logic gate and memory, using photoresponse as a physical state variable instead of light, voltage and memresistance. The polarity reversal of photomemristors shows great potential for in-memory sensing and computing with feature extraction and image recognition for neuromorphic vision.
A sex-specific genome-wide association study of depression phenotypes in UK Biobank
Authors: Silveira Patrícia Pelufo , Pokhvisneva Irina , Howard David M. , Meaney Michael J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThere are marked sex differences in the prevalence, phenotypic presentation and treatment response for major depression. While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) adjust for sex differences, to date, no studies seek to identify sex-specific markers and pathways. In this study, we performed a sex-stratified genome-wide association analysis for broad depression with the UK Biobank total participants (N = 274,141), including only non-related participants, as well as with males (N = 127,867) and females (N = 146,274) separately. Bioinformatics analyses were performed to characterize common and sex-specific markers and associated processes/pathways. We identified 11 loci passing genome-level significance (P < 5 × 10−8) in females and one in males. In both males and females, genetic correlations were significant between the broad depression GWA and other psychopathologies; however, correlations with educational attainment and metabolic features including body fat, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and triglycerides were significant only in females. Gene-based analysis showed 147 genes significantly associated with broad depression in the total sample, 64 in the females and 53 in the males. Gene-based analysis revealed “Regulation of Gene Expression” as a common biological process, but suggested sex-specific molecular mechanisms. Finally, sex-specific polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for broad depression outperformed total and the opposite sex PRSs in the prediction of broad major depressive disorder. These findings provide evidence for sex-dependent genetic pathways for clinical depression as well as for health conditions comorbid with depression.
Cerebro-cerebellar functional neuroplasticity mediates the effect of electric field on electroconvulsive therapy outcomes
Authors: Fu Zening , Abbott Christopher C. , Miller Jeremy , Deng Zhi-De , McClintock Shawn M. , Sendi Mohammad S. E. , Sui Jing , Calhoun Vince D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment for severe depression and works by applying an electric current through the brain. The applied current generates an electric field (E-field) and seizure activity, changing the brain’s functional organization. The E-field, which is determined by electrode placement (right unilateral or bitemporal) and pulse amplitude (600, 700, or 800 milliamperes), is associated with the ECT response. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the relationship between E-field, functional brain changes, and clinical outcomes of ECT are not well understood. Here, we investigated the relationships between whole-brain E-field (Ebrain, the 90th percentile of E-field magnitude in the brain), cerebro-cerebellar functional network connectivity (FNC), and clinical outcomes (cognitive performance and depression severity). A fully automated independent component analysis framework determined the FNC between the cerebro-cerebellar networks. We found a linear relationship between Ebrain and cognitive outcomes. The mediation analysis showed that the cerebellum to middle occipital gyrus (MOG)/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) FNC mediated the effects of Ebrain on cognitive performance. In addition, there is a mediation effect through the cerebellum to parietal lobule FNC between Ebrain and antidepressant outcomes. The pair-wise t-tests further demonstrated that a larger Ebrain was associated with increased FNC between cerebellum and MOG and decreased FNC between cerebellum and PCC, which were linked with decreased cognitive performance. This study implies that an optimal E-field balancing the antidepressant and cognitive outcomes should be considered in relation to cerebro-cerebellar functional neuroplasticity.
Common and rare variant associations with latent traits underlying depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia
Authors: Dattani Saloni , Sham Pak C. , Jermy Bradley S. , Coleman Jonathan R. I. , Howard David M. , Lewis Cathryn M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGenetic studies in psychiatry have primarily focused on the effects of common genetic variants, but few have investigated the role of rare genetic variants, particularly for major depression. In order to explore the role of rare variants in the gap between estimates of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) heritability and twin study heritability, we examined the contribution of common and rare genetic variants to latent traits underlying psychiatric disorders using high-quality imputed genotype data from the UK Biobank. Using a pre-registered analysis, we used items from the UK Biobank Mental Health Questionnaire relevant to three psychiatric disorders: major depression (N = 134,463), bipolar disorder (N = 117,376) and schizophrenia (N = 130,013) and identified a general hierarchical factor for each that described participants’ responses. We calculated participants’ scores on these latent traits and conducted single-variant genetic association testing (MAF > 0.05%), gene-based burden testing and pathway association testing associations with these latent traits. We tested for enrichment of rare variants (MAF 0.05–1%) in genes that had been previously identified by common variant genome-wide association studies, and genes previously associated with Mendelian disorders having relevant symptoms. We found moderate genetic correlations between the latent traits in our study and case–control phenotypes in previous genome-wide association studies, and identified one common genetic variant (rs72657988, minor allele frequency = 8.23%,p = 1.01 × 10−9) associated with the general factor of schizophrenia, but no other single variants, genes or pathways passed significance thresholds in this analysis, and we did not find enrichment in previously identified genes.
Adenosine-independent regulation of the sleep–wake cycle by astrocyte activity
Authors: Peng Wanling , Liu Xiaotong , Ma Guofen , Wu Zhaofa , Wang Ziyue , Fei Xiang , Qin Meiling , Wang Lizhao , Li Yulong , Zhang Siyu , Xu Min 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAstrocytes play a crucial role in regulating sleep–wake behavior, and adenosine signaling is generally thought to be involved. Here we show multiple lines of evidence supporting that modulation of the sleep–wake behavior by astrocyte Ca2+ activity could occur without adenosine signaling. In the basal forebrain and the brainstem, two brain regions that are known to be essential for sleep–wake regulation, chemogenetically-induced astrocyte Ca2+ elevation significantly modulated the sleep–wake cycle. Although astrocyte Ca2+ level positively correlated with the amount of extracellular adenosine, as revealed by a genetically encoded adenosine sensor, we found no detectable change in adenosine level after suppressing astrocyte Ca2+ elevation, and transgenic mice lacking one of the major extracellular ATP-adenosine conversion enzymes showed similar extracellular adenosine level and astrocyte Ca2+-induced sleep modulation. Furthermore, astrocyte Ca2+ is dependent primarily on local neuronal activity, causing brain region-specific regulation of the sleep–wake cycle. Thus, neural activity-dependent astrocyte activity could regulate the sleep–wake behavior independent of adenosine signaling.
Self-organized hetero-nanodomains actuating super Li+ conduction in glass ceramics
Authors: Wang Yantao , Qu Hongtao , Liu Bowen , Li Xiaoju , Ju Jiangwei , Li Jiedong , Zhang Shu , Ma Jun , Li Chao , Hu Zhiwei , Chang Chung-Kai , Sheu Hwo-Shuenn , Cui Longfei , Jiang Feng , van Eck Ernst R. H. , Kentgens Arno P. M. , Cui Guanglei , Chen Liquan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEasy-to-manufacture Li2S-P2S5 glass ceramics are the key to large-scale all-solid-state lithium batteries from an industrial point of view, while their commercialization is greatly hampered by the low room temperature Li+ conductivity, especially due to the lack of solutions. Herein, we propose a nanocrystallization strategy to fabricate super Li+-conductive glass ceramics. Through regulating the nucleation energy, the crystallites within glass ceramics can self-organize into hetero-nanodomains during the solid-state reaction. Cryogenic transmission electron microscope and electron holography directly demonstrate the numerous closely spaced grain boundaries with enriched charge carriers, which actuate superior Li+-conduction as confirmed by variable-temperature solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. Glass ceramics with a record Li+ conductivity of 13.2 mS cm−1 are prepared. The high Li+ conductivity ensures stable operation of a 220 μm thick LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 composite cathode (8 mAh cm−2), with which the all-solid-state lithium battery reaches a high energy density of 420 Wh kg−1 by cell mass and 834 Wh L−1 by cell volume at room temperature. These findings bring about powerful new degrees of freedom for engineering super ionic conductors.
New insights in polydopamine formation via surface adsorption
Authors: Hemmatpour Hamoon , De Luca Oreste , Crestani Dominic , Stuart Marc C. A. , Lasorsa Alessia , van der Wel Patrick C. A. , Loos Katja , Giousis Theodosis , Haddadi-Asl Vahid , Rudolf Petra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPolydopamine is a biomimetic self-adherent polymer, which can be easily deposited on a wide variety of materials. Despite the rapidly increasing interest in polydopamine-based coatings, the polymerization mechanism and the key intermediate species formed during the deposition process are still controversial. Herein, we report a systematic investigation of polydopamine formation on halloysite nanotubes; the negative charge and high surface area of halloysite nanotubes favour the capture of intermediates that are involved in polydopamine formation and decelerate the kinetics of the process, to unravel the various polymerization steps. Data from X-ray photoelectron and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies demonstrate that in the initial stage of polydopamine deposition, oxidative coupling reaction of the dopaminechrome molecules is the main reaction pathway that leads to formation of polycatecholamine oligomers as an intermediate and the post cyclization of the linear oligomers occurs subsequently. Furthermore, TRIS molecules are incorporated into the initially formed oligomers.