bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of strain rate on the effective yield strength of high-strength steel at elevated temperatures
Authors: Kimura Kei , Onogi Takeshi , Ozaki Fuminobu 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThis work examines the effects of strain rate on the effective yield strength of high-strength steel at elevated temperatures, through tensile coupon tests at various strain rates, to propose appropriate reduction factors considering the strain rate effect.Design/methodology/approachThe stress–strain relationships of 385 N/mm2, 440 N/mm2 and 630 N/mm2-class steel plates at elevated temperatures are examined at three strain rate values (0.3%/min, 3.0%/min and 7.5%/min), and the reduction factors for the effective yield strength at elevated temperatures are evaluated from the results. A differential evolution-based optimization is used to produce the reduction-factor curves.FindingsThe strain rate effect enhances with an increase in the standard design value of the yield point. The effective yield strength and standard design value of the yield point exhibit high linearity between 600 and 700 °C. In addition to effectively evaluating the test results, the proposed reduction-factor curves can also help determine the ultimate strength of a steel member at collapse.Originality/valueThe novelty of this study is the quantitative evaluation of the relationship between the standard design value of yield point at ambient temperature and the strain-rate effect at elevated temperatures. It has been observed that the effect of the strain rate at elevated temperatures increases with the increase in the standard design value of the yield point for various steel strength grades.
Quantitative PCR overestimation of DNA in samples contaminated with tin
Authors: Bonsu Dan Nana Osei , Higgins Denice , Simon Claire , Goodwin Corey S. , Henry Julianne M. , Austin Jeremy J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMetals can pose challenges while conducting forensic DNA analysis. The presence of metal ions in evidence‐related DNA extracts can degrade DNA or inhibit PCR as applied to DNA quantification (real‐time PCR or qPCR) and/or STR amplification, leading to low success in STR profiling. Different metal ions were spiked into 0.2 and 0.5 ng of human genomic DNA in an “inhibition study” and the impact was evaluated by qPCR using the Quantifiler™ Trio DNA Quantification Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and an in‐house SYBR Green assay. This study reports on a contradictory finding specific to tin (Sn) ions, which caused at least a 38,000‐fold overestimation of DNA concentration when utilizing Quantifiler Trio. This was explained by the raw and multicomponent spectral plots, which indicated that Sn suppresses the Quantifiler Trio passive reference dye (Mustang Purple™, MP) at ion concentrations above 0.1 mM. This effect was not observed when DNA was quantified using SYBR Green with ROX™ as the passive reference, nor when DNA was extracted and purified prior to Quantifiler Trio. The results show that metal contaminants can interfere with qPCR‐based DNA quantification in unexpected ways and may be assay dependent. The results also highlight the importance of qPCR as a quality check to determine steps for sample cleanup prior to STR amplification that may be similarly impacted by metal ions. Forensic workflows should recognize the risk of inaccurate DNA quantification of samples that are collected from substrates containing tin.
Hexamerin and allergen are required for female reproduction in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana
Authors: Zhu Shiming , Chen Xiaoyi , Xia Sishi , Li Qin , Ye Ziqi , Zhao Shaoting , Liu Kexin , Liu Fangfang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractReproduction is of great importance for the continuation of the species. In insects, the fat body is the major tissue for nutrient storage and involved in vitellogenesis, which is essential for female reproduction. Here, 2 proteins, hexamerin and allergen, were separated from the fat bodies of adult female American cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) and identified as storage proteins, encoding for 733 amino acids with molecular weight of 87.88 kDa and 686 amino acids with molecular weight of 82.18 kDa, respectively. The encoding genes of these 2 storage proteins are mainly expressed in the fat body. RNA interference‐mediated knockdown of Hexamerin and Allergen in the early stage of the first reproductive cycle in females suppressed vitellogenesis and ovarian maturation, indicating that these storage proteins are involved in controlling reproduction. Importantly, the expression of Hexamerin and Allergen was repressed by knockdown of the juvenile hormone (JH) receptor gene Met and the primary response gene Kr‐h1, and was induced by methoprene, a JH analog, in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Altogether, we have determined that hexamerin and allergen are identified as storage proteins and play an important role in promoting female reproduction in the American cockroach. The expression of their encoding genes is induced by JH signaling. Our data reveal a novel mechanism by which hexamerin and allergen are necessary for JH‐stimulated female reproduction.
Indigenous biocultural rights and the Blue Mountains: Local and international policy challenges
Authors: Aime Elodie , Robinson Daniel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIndigenous knowledges play a critical role in addressing the environmental crisis, and the United Nations system has adopted a suite of international treaties to protect and strengthen Indigenous peoples’ rights, which are often described as biocultural rights. Because World Heritage Areas are nominated and monitored by UNESCO, an initial hypothesis in this study was that such areas would be subject to higher than normal standards in regard to Indigenous people’s biocultural rights. By reference to the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area, Australia, this research examined how the international legislative framework influences conservation practices. We held semi‐structured interviews with conservation and Indigenous local experts and compared park management practices in the Area against those used in an Indigenous Protected Area. Findings align with the literature and suggest that Indigenous and scientific knowledge systems can generate new insights for the Area and other sites. Yet, Indigenous knowledges are only marginally applied in practice. Some barriers to full participation of Indigenous people are specific to the colonial history of the area. Yet, findings point to a lack of action by Australian governments and UNESCO, and that needs to be redressed. The study calls attention to the need to support and resource Indigenous people to enable collaborative partnerships to yield significant benefits for biodiversity and protection of Country.
Influence of instant rice characteristics and processing conditions on starch digestibility—A review
Authors: Lin Jiakang , Li Cheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInstant rice is increasingly popular around the world due to its convenience, but it commonly has a high glycemic index, and a frequent consumption might contribute to the occurrence of many chronic diseases. In this review, the main factors determining starch digestibility of instant rice were comprehensively evaluated, aiming to help the rice industry develop instant rice with slow starch digestibility. Starch digestibility in instant rice can be reduced by manipulating its intrinsic and extrinsic nutrients. Processing conditions, including pre‐gelatinization, storage, and reheating are also important for the starch digestibility of instant rice. Individual differences in terms of glycemic response to the same carbohydrate‐based diet should be considered when knowledge is transformed from in vitro method to human conditions. This review contains important information that has the potential to reduce the starch digestibility of instant rice and improve public health.
Modeling the formulation pH of elderberry syrup with multiple weak acids
Authors: Fragedakis Nicholas , Skinner Caitlin R. , Shriner Mileah , Ruinsky Mollie , Yang Seo Young , Wine Robert P. , Johnston Lynette , Breidt Fred 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe objective of this work was to develop methods to assess the influence of the ingredients of an acidified elderberry syrup on product pH. A measure of total ingredient buffering (tBeta) was defined as the area under the buffer capacity curve of a food mixture or ingredient for pH 2–12. Citric acid (1% w/v), elderberry juice (75% v/v), and malic acid (0.75% w/v) had greater buffering (tBeta values of 15.33, 12.00, and 10.95, respectively) than ascorbic acid (0.75%) or lemon juice (3% v/v) (tBeta of 5.74 and 3.30, respectively). All other ingredients, including added spices (≤1% each) and honey (25% w/v), had tBeta values <2. The observed pH for the syrup mixture (pH 2.67) was within 0.11 pH units of the predicted pH based on combined buffer models of the acid and low acid ingredients (pH 2.78) using Matlab software. A total of 16 model syrup formulations containing elderberry juice with mixed acids (malic, acetic, and ascorbic) and having pH values between 3 and 4 were prepared. The pH values of the formulations were compared to predicted values from combined buffer models of the individual ingredients. Regression analysis indicated an excellent fit of the observed and predicted pH data, with a root mean square error of 0.076 pH units. The results indicated that buffer models may be useful for in silico estimates of how the ingredients in acid and acidified foods may influence pH, thus aiding in product development and safety assessments.Practical ApplicationBuffer models using recently developed titration methods for individual acid and low‐acid food ingredients can be used to estimate the pH of formulations of these ingredients in silico. The total buffering (tBeta) for ingredients or mixtures, along with ingredient concentrations, may be a useful metric for helping to determine which ingredients will have the greatest impact on pH. Such models can aid product development efforts and safety assessments.
Effects of extrusion on physical properties of glutinous rice and its application in the improvement of quality characteristics of glutinous rice products
Authors: Qi Wen , Ma Chun‐Min , Xing Wen‐Jing , Fan Jing , Yang Yang , Yang Chun‐Hua , Zhang Na 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of extrusion on the physical properties of glutinous rice and addressed the challenges associated with its hardened texture and reduced taste in glutinous rice products by adding extruded glutinous rice to assess their anti‐retrogradation effect compared with different improvers. Glutinous rice flour with different gelatinization degrees was obtained by changing the initial moisture content of glutinous rice grains before extrusion, and their physicochemical properties and the effect of adding them to rice products were analyzed. Results showed that with the increase in moisture content, the viscosity, water absorption index of extruded glutinous rice flour, and product viscosity increased, while the gelatinization degree, water solubility index, and product elasticity decreased, and the hardness of the rice products showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. Twenty percent moisture content of glutinous rice products showed the best properties mentioned above. The effects of adding different improvers on retrogradation degree, quality characteristics, microstructure, and moisture migration of glutinous rice products were analyzed by texture profile analysis, sensory evaluation, scanning electron microscopy, and low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance. It was found that soybean polysaccharides, xanthan gum, and extruded glutinous rice flour had better anti‐retrogradation effects, while colloid and soybean polysaccharides provided a tighter and more three‐dimensional internal structure to the rice products. Our study showed that extruded glutinous rice flour had good anti‐retrogradation properties and little effect on flavor and taste, but it would increase the roughness and viscosity of the products, which had advantages and disadvantages compared with other improvers.
Comparison of gastrointestinal ultrasound with capsule endoscopy in patients with small bowel Crohn's disease
Authors: Welera Haissou Elodie , Han Ze Min , Lu Yi shi , Yan Li Hua , Xu Pei Chun , Zhao Xin Mei , Zhi Fa Chao 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the association between gastrointestinal ultrasound (GIUS) and capsule endoscopy (CE) in assessing disease activity in patients with small bowel Crohn's disease (CD).MethodsMedical records of 74 patients with small bowel CD who were treated at our hospital between January 2020 and March 2022 were retrospectively reviewed, including 50 men and 24 women. All patients underwent both GIUS and CE within one week after their admissions. The Simple Ultrasound Scoring of Crohn's Disease (SUS‐CD) and Lewis score were used to assess disease activity during GIUS and CE, respectively. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultsThe area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of SUS‐CD was 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81–0.99; P < 0.001). And the diagnostic accuracy of GIUS was 79.7%, with a sensitivity of 93.6%, a specificity of 81.8%, a positive predictive value of 96.7%, a negative predictive value of 69.2% in predicting active small bowel CD. Furthermore, the agreement between GIUS and CE was assessed using Spearman's correlation analysis and SUS‐CD was correlated with Lewis score (r = 0.82, P < 0.001)ConclusionOur findings demonstrate a strong correlation between GIUS and CE in assessing the disease activity in patients with CD affecting the small intestine.
The effects of chilling and forcing temperatures on spring synchrony between larch casebearer and tamarack
Authors: Nanninga Claudia , Ward Samuel F. , Aukema Brian H. , Montgomery Rebecca A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Spring phenological synchrony can be important for tree‐insect interactions. Depending on the magnitude and direction of phenological shifts, overwintering insects could be affected in many ways, for example, facing starvation or having to contend with increased chemical or physical defences of host trees. If temperature has different influences on the phenology of trees and insects, climate change can alter spring phenological synchrony.
In this experiment, we exposed tamarack seedlings and larch case bearer larvae from Minnesota, USA, to a variety of chilling and forcing temperatures and measured spring phenology (twig bud break and larval activation). We additionally measured case bearer performance on seedlings that were exposed to different forcing × chilling levels, tracking larval survivorship to adulthood.
Warmer forcing enhanced larval activation and bud break, but larval development slowed down past 21°C. Higher chilling temperatures accelerated bud break, but the effect was inconclusive for larvae. There was no chilling × forcing interaction for either species. Spring activity accelerated more quickly with increases in temperature for larvae than for seedlings, resulting in increased phenological synchrony at warmer temperatures. Activation rates for overwintering larvae were highest at 27°C, while survivorship to adulthood following spring activation was highest at 21°C. At temperatures at or beyond 27°C, no larvae reached adulthood.
Warmer winters and springs will likely initially increase spring synchrony between tamarack and larch case bearer, exposing larvae to younger, potentially more nutritious foliage, but extremely warm spring temperatures may decrease survivorship of larvae to adulthood.
Clinical tests for confirming tracheal intubation or excluding oesophageal intubation: a diagnostic test accuracy systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hansel J. , Law J. A. , Chrimes N. , Higgs A. , Cook T. M. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryUnrecognised oesophageal intubation causes preventable serious harm to patients undergoing tracheal intubation. When capnography is unavailable or doubted, clinicians still use clinical findings to confirm tracheal intubation, or exclude oesophageal intubation, and false reassurance from clinical examination is a recurring theme in fatal cases of unrecognised oesophageal intubation. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of five clinical examination tests and the oesophageal detector device when used to confirm tracheal intubation. We searched four databases for studies reporting index clinical tests against a reference standard, from inception to 28 February 2023. We included 49 studies involving 10,654 participants. Methodological quality was overall moderate to high. We looked at misting (three studies, 115 participants); lung auscultation (three studies, 217 participants); combined lung and epigastric auscultation (four studies, 506 participants); the oesophageal detector device (25 studies, 3024 participants); ‘hang‐up’ (two non‐human studies); and chest rise (one non‐human study). The reference standards used were capnography (22 studies); direct vision (10 studies); and bronchoscopy (three studies). When used to confirm tracheal intubation, misting has a false positive rate (95%CI) of 0.69 (0.43–0.87); lung auscultation 0.14 (0.08–0.23); five‐point auscultation 0.18 (0.08–0.36); and the oesophageal detector device 0.05 (0.02–0.09). Tests to exclude events that invariably lead to severe damage or death must have a negligible false positive rate. Misting or auscultation have too high a false positive rate to reliably exclude oesophageal intubation and there is insufficient evidence to support the use of ‘hang‐up’ or chest rise. The oesophageal detector device may be considered where other more reliable means are not available, though waveform capnography remains the reference standard for confirmation of tracheal intubation.
Positivity and coping as key to well‐being and psychological adjustment during the pandemic of COVID‐19: A follow‐up study in Portugal
Authors: Ferreira Maria José , Sofia Rui , Carreno David F. , Eisenbeck Nikolett , Cruz José Fernando A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis follow‐up study aimed to analyze the protective role of positivity and coping strategies on the well‐being and psychological distress levels reported during Portugal's first and third waves of COVID‐19. The total sample consisted of 135 participants (82.0% women) with ages ranging from 20 to 72 years (M = 39.29, SD = 11.46). Results suggested a significant decrease in well‐being levels but no changes in psychological distress were observed. Positivity was a strong and significant predictor of well‐being and psychological distress during the pandemic crisis. Among the set of strategies used by individuals at the first wave, denial, self‐blame, and self‐distraction predicted a poorer adaptation with more significant mental health impairment, with self‐blame standing out as the most harmful. This study highlighted the key role of positivity in adjusting to the current pandemic crisis and the lasting detrimental impact of specific coping strategies.
Dynamic Enrichment of Bayesian Small-Sample, Sequential, Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial Design Using Natural History Data: A Case Study from Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Wang Sidi , Kidwell Kelley M. , Roychoudhury Satrajit 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and other rare diseases, recruiting patients into clinical trials is challenging. Additionally, assigning patients to long-term, multi-year placebo arms raises ethical and trial retention concerns. This poses a significant challenge to the traditional sequential drug development paradigm. In this paper, we propose a small-sample, sequential, multiple assignment, randomized trial (snSMART) design that combines dose selection and confirmatory assessment into a single trial. This multi-stage design evaluates the effects of multiple doses of a promising drug and re-randomizes patients to appropriate dose levels based on their Stage 1 dose and response. Our proposed approach increases the efficiency of treatment effect estimates by (i) enriching the placebo arm with external control data, and (ii) using data from all stages. Data from external control and different stages are combined using a robust meta-analytic combined (MAC) approach to consider the various sources of heterogeneity and potential selection bias. We reanalyze data from a DMD trial using the proposed method and external control data from the Duchenne Natural History Study (DNHS). Our method's estimators show improved efficiency compared to the original trial. Also, the robust MAC-snSMART method most often provides more accurate estimators than the traditional analytic method. Overall, the proposed methodology provides a promising candidate for efficient drug development in DMD and other rare diseases.
Community midwives' perspectives on perinatal care for asylum seekers and refugees in the Netherlands: A survey study
Authors: Verschuuren A.E.H. , Tankink J.B. , Franx A. , van der Lans P.J.A. , Erwich J.J.H.M. , Jong E.I. Feijen‐de , de Graaf J.P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe rise of forced migration worldwide compels birth care systems and professionals to respond to the needs of women giving birth in these vulnerable situations. However, little is known about the perspective of midwifery professionals on providing perinatal care for forcibly displaced women. This study aimed to identify challenges and target areas for improvement of community midwifery care for asylum seekers (AS) and refugees with a residence permit (RRP) in the Netherlands.MethodsFor this cross‐sectional study, data were collected through a survey aimed at community care midwives who currently work or who have worked with AS and RRP. We evaluated challenges identified through an inductive thematic analysis of respondents' responses to open‐ended questions. Quantitative data from close‐ended questions were analyzed descriptively and included aspects related to the quality and organization of perinatal care for these groups.ResultsRespondents generally considered care for AS and RRP to be of lower quality, or at best, equal quality compared to care for the Dutch population, while the workload for midwives caring for these groups was considered higher. The challenges identified were categorized into five main themes, including: 1) interdisciplinary collaboration; 2) communication with clients; 3) continuity of care; 4) psychosocial care; and 5) vulnerabilities among AS and RRP.ConclusionsFindings suggest that there is considerable opportunity for improvement in perinatal care for AS and RRP, while also providing direction for future research and interventions. Several concerns raised, especially the availability of professional interpreters and relocations of AS during pregnancy, require urgent consideration at legislative, policy, and practice levels.