bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A journey in UPR modelling
Authors: Pontisso Ilaria , Ornelas‐Guevara Roberto , Combettes Laurent , Dupont Geneviève 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProtein folding and protein maturation largely occur in the controlled environment of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER). Perturbation to the correct functioning of this organelle leads to altered proteostasis and accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER lumen. This condition is commonly known as ER stress and is appearing as an important contributor in the pathogenesis of several human diseases. Monitoring of the quality control processes is mediated by the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). This response consists in a complex network of signalling pathways that aim to restore protein folding and ER homeostasis. Conditions in which UPR is not able to overcome ER stress lead to a switch of the UPR signalling program from an adaptive to a pro‐apoptotic one, revealing a key role of UPR in modulating cell fate decisions. Because of its high complexity and its involvement in the regulation of different cellular outcomes, UPR has been the centre of the development of computational models, which tried to better dissect the role of UPR or of its specific components in several contexts. In this review, we go through the existing mathematical models of UPR. We emphasize how their study contributed to an improved characterization of the role of this intricate response in the modulation of cellular functions.
30 years brings changes to the arthropod community of Kibale National Park, Uganda
Authors: Opito Emmanuel A. , Alanko Timo , Kalbitzer Urs , Nummelin Matti , Omeja Patrick , Valtonen Anu , Chapman Colin A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWorld‐wide declines in arthropod abundance and diversity are a major concern, particularly given their importance in ecosystem functioning. Yet, data documenting long‐term trends are rare from the tropics, particularly the Afrotropics. Here we evaluate changes in the arthropod communities in Kibale National Park, Uganda across almost four decades. Systematic sweep‐net sampling was conducted in two forested sections of the park that had been logged and in one old‐growth forest area over 12 consecutive months in 1983/1984 and 2020/2021. This data was augmented with intermittent samples taken in 1986 and 1995. Arthropod abundance declined in all areas, but only significantly so in the moderately logged forestry compartment (41%). Permutational multivariate analysis of variance indicated that community compositions of arthropods differed between the censuses. Understanding the drivers of changes in the arthropod communities is difficult as the system is complex and dynamic. We document an increase in temperature, but no change in rainfall, increases in 11 mammal species, including a marked increase in elephant numbers, and changes in forest structure. We also report on changes in the landscape outside of the park, which includes the human population increasing by a factor of four and agricultural intensification that now includes the use of pesticides. We document that many components of the ecosystem we studied changed simultaneously, which signals that for effective conservation planning, more long‐term multi‐disciplinary efforts are needed.
Real‐world study of next‐generation sequencing diagnostic biomarker testing for patients with lung cancer in Japan
Authors: Takahashi Toshiaki , Nishio Makoto , Nishino Kazumi , Yoshiki Yasumasa , Shiraiwa Naoko , Emir Birol , Iadeluca Laura , Yatabe Yasushi , Nishio Kazuto 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOur previous real‐world studies raised concerns that sequential biomarker testing may lead to increased time to treatment when compared with simultaneous single biomarker testing. The Oncomine Dx target test (ODxTT), a next‐generation sequencing–based multiplex biomarker panel test approved in Japan in 2019, is expected to improve time to treatment due to changes in testing methods. This retrospective observational study examined data claims for reimbursement submitted for patients with lung cancer in Japan between June 1, 2019, and March 31, 2020. To evaluate the change in testing prevalence over time and associated improvements in time to treatment, descriptive statistics were used to characterize biomarker testing patterns and rates and evaluate the time to treatment in the time following the approval of ODxTT considering transitions over time during the evaluation period.EGFRand programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) were the most tested biomarkers in overall single and simultaneous single testing in the 6177 patients in this study. Individual single biomarker testing gradually decreased over time, except testing for PD‐L1, which remained constant. The use of ODxTT gradually increased in this period. Time to treatment decreased from 29 to 22 days with ODxTT, in contrast to single biomarker tests (median 21–23 days overall). These results indicate that biomarker testing frequency changed in Japanese clinical practice during the study and that the use of ODxTT has increased over time, which potentially contributed to the shortening of time to treatment.
Baicalin mitigated IL‐1β‐Induced osteoarthritis chondrocytes damage through activating mitophagy
Authors: He Jun , He Jian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMitophagy is related to chondrocyte homeostasis and plays a key role in the progress of osteoarthritis (OA). Baicalin has a protective effect on OA chondrocytes, the aim of this study was to explore whether the effect of Baicalin on IL‐1β‐induced chondrocyte injury is related to the regulation of mitophagy. The expression of collagen II in chondrocytes was detected to identify chondrocytes. The effects of different concentrations of Baicalin (10, 20 and 40 μM), autophagy inhibitor (3‐Methyladenine), autophagy activator (rapamycin) and Baicalin combined with PI3K agonist (740Y‐P) on the viability (cell counting kit 8), apoptosis (flow cytometry), autophagy activation (Monodansylcadaverine staining) and mitochondrial membrane potential (JC‐1 kit) of IL‐1β‐induced chondrocytes were evaluated. The co‐localization of autophagosome and mitochondria was determined by immunofluorescence. Apoptosis‐, autophagy‐, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway‐ and mitophagy‐related proteins were detected by western blot. Our result revealed that Baicalin and rapamycin facilitated cell viability, autophagy and mitophagy, elevated mitochondrial membrane potential and suppressed apoptosis of IL‐1β‐induced rat chondrocytes. In addition, Baicalin and rapamycin upregulated the levels of Bcl‐2, Beclin 1, LC3‐II/LC3‐I, p‐Drp1, PINK1 and Parkin as well as downregulated the levels of Bax, cleaved caspase‐3, P62, p‐PI3K/PI3K, p‐mTOR/mTOR and Drp1 in IL‐1β‐induced rat chondrocytes. However, 3‐Methyladenine did the opposite effects of Baicalin and 740Y‐P reversed the effects of Baicalin on IL‐1β‐induced rat chondrocytes. In conclusion, Baicalin activated mitophagy in IL‐1β‐induced chondrocytes by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and activating PINK1/Parkin and PINK1/Drp‐1 pathway, thereby reducing the chondrocyte injury.
A robot is watching me!: Five‐year‐old children care about their reputation after interaction with a social robot
Authors: Okumura Yuko , Hattori Takashi , Fujita Sanae , Kobayashi Tessei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSince robots are becoming involved in children's lives, it is urgent to determine how children perceive robots. The present study assessed whether Japanese 5‐year‐olds care about their reputation when interacting with a social robot. Children were given stickers and asked to divide them between themselves and an absent recipient. Results revealed that children (N = 112, 55 boys, 57 girls) strategically shared more stickers when being watched by a social interactive robot than by an attentional but non‐interactive robot or a still robot. Additionally, children (N = 36, 18 boys, 18 girls) attributed higher psychological properties to social robots. This study is the first to show that 5‐year‐olds care about their reputations from social robots.
Evaluating childsmile, Scotland's National Oral Health Improvement Programme for children
Authors: Ross Alastair J. , Sherriff Andrea , Kidd Jamie , Deas Leigh , Eaves Jenny , Blokland Alex , Wright Bill , King Peter , McMahon Alex D. , Conway David I. , Macpherson Lorna M. D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the early 2000s, a Scottish Government Oral Health Action Plan identified the need for a national programme to improve child oral health and reduce inequalities. ‘Childsmile’ aimed to improve child oral health in Scotland, reduce inequalities in outcomes and access to dental services, and to shift the balance of care from treatment to prevention through targeted and universal components in dental practice, community and educational settings. This paper describes how an embedded, theory‐based research and evaluation arm with multi‐disciplinary input helps determine priorities and provides important strategic direction. Programme theory is articulated in dedicated, dynamic logic models, and evaluation themes are as follows: population‐level data linkage; trials and economic evaluations; investigations drawing from behavioural and implementation science; evidence reviews and updates; and applications of systems science. There is also a growing knowledge sharing network internationally. Collaborative working from all stakeholders is necessary to maintain gains and to address areas that may not be working as well, and never more so with the major disruptions to the programme from the COVID‐19 pandemic and response. Conclusions are that evaluation and research are synergistic with a complex, dynamic programme like Childsmile. The evidence obtained allows for appraisal of the relative strengths of component interventions and the reach and impact of Childsmile to feed into national policy.
Inequities and oral health: A behavioural sciences perspective
Authors: Goodwin Michaela , Henshaw Michelle , Borrelli Belinda 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe importance of tackling ongoing dental health inequities, observed both within and across countries, cannot be overstated. Alarmingly, health inequities in some areas are widening, resulting in an urgent need to act. The objective of this commentary is to explore oral health inequities through the lens of behavioral science and discuss adapting evidence based interventions for populations experiencing health inequities.Method/ResultsThe first section of this paper aims to describe the role of health disparities and inequities within oral health, with a specific focus on behaviours. The determinants, from upstream to downstream, and the interplay between these levels of intervention are discussed. This is followed by an overview of oral health promotion interventions, again with a focus on behaviours, which could potentially improve oral health while also taking into account oral health inequities. It is essential to translate evidence‐based interventions (EBIs) to populations that have the greatest burden of disease. The second section of this paper discusses the rationale for cultural adaption of EBIs, criteria to justify EBIs and considers different cultural adaptation strategies necessary for the development and testing of effective, engaging, equitable and culturally relevant interventions.ConclusionsWe conclude with future directions for the development of theory‐based multi‐level interventions, guided by extent evidence‐based interventions, and transdisciplinary approaches to science and key stakeholders such as patients, providers and payers.
Effects of climate change and anthropogenic activity on ranges of vertebrate species endemic to the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau over 40 years
Authors: Jiang Dechun , Zhao Xumao , López‐Pujol Jordi , Wang Zhiqiang , Qu Yanhua , Zhang Yanming , Zhang Tongzuo , Li Dayong , Jiang Ke , Wang Bin , Yan Chaochao , Li Jia‐Tang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOver the past 40 years, the climate has been changing and human disturbance has increased in the vast Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). These 2 factors are expected to affect the distribution of a large number of endemic vertebrate species. However, quantitative relationships between range shifts and climate change and human disturbance of these species in the QTP have rarely been evaluated. We used occurrence records of 19 terrestrial vertebrate species (birds, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles) occurring in the QTP from 1980 to 2020 to quantify the effects of climate change and anthropogenic impacts on the distribution of these 4 taxonomic groups and estimated species range changes in each species. The trend in distribution changes differed among the taxonomic groups, although, generally, ranges shifted to central QTP. Climate change contributed more to range variation than human disturbance (the sum of the 4 climatic variables contributed more than the sum of the 4 human disturbance variables for all 4 taxonomic groups). Suitable geographic range increased for most mammals, amphibians, and reptiles (+27.6%, +18.4%, and +27.8% on average, respectively), whereas for birds range decreased on average by 0.9%. Quantitative evidence for climate change and human disturbance associations with range changes for endemic vertebrate species in the QTP can provide useful insights into biodiversity conservation under changing environments.
A guide to qualitative attribution methods for evaluation in conservation
Authors: Zavaleta Cheek Jennifer , Eklund Johanna , Merten Nikolas , Brooks Jeremy , Miller Daniel C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractKnowledge of what conservation interventions improve biodiversity outcomes, and in which circumstances, is imperative. Experimental and quasi‐experimental methods are increasingly used to establish causal inference and build the evidence base on the effectiveness of interventions, but their ability to provide insight into how and under what conditions an intervention should be implemented to improve biodiversity outcomes faces limitations. A suite of attribution methods that leverage qualitative methods for causal inference is available but underutilized in conversation impact evaluation. This article provides a guide to 5 such qualitative attribution methods: contribution analysis, process tracing, realist evaluation, qualitative comparative analysis, and most significant change. It defines and introduces each method and then illustrates how they could be applied through a case study of community conservancies in Namibia. This guide provides examples of how qualitative attribution methods can advance knowledge of what works, in which contexts, and why in biodiversity conservation.
Lifetime history of an anxiety or depression disorder and adherence to medications used for the acute treatment of migraine
Authors: Butler Nicole , Snyder Ivy C. , Korn Talia G. , Nicholson Robert A. , Robbins Matthew S. , Seng Elizabeth K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveIn this secondary analysis of mobile health headache diary data, we evaluated the relationship between adherence to medication used for the acute treatment of migraine and lifetime history of an anxiety or depression disorder.BackgroundMedication non‐adherence can produce poor clinical efficacy and may be associated with medication overuse. Medication overuse was defined by taking a migraine‐specific medication (MSM) for ≥10 days/month, an opioid or barbiturate for ≥10 days/month, or a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug for ≥15 days/month and having ≥15 headache days/month. Extant literature predominantly evaluates fixed‐schedule medication adherence. Little is known about predictors of adherence to as‐needed medication such as those used for the acute treatment of migraine.MethodsAdults with prior migraine diagnosis and at least 4 headache days/month completed baseline questionnaires assessing lifetime history of depression or anxiety disorder diagnoses and were asked to record 90 days of once‐daily electronic headache diaries soliciting: Headache occurrence; symptoms; medication taken, if any, for the acute treatment of migraine; and their pain level (mild, moderate, severe) when the medication was taken. The 193 participants who completed ≥30 days of headache diary were included in this secondary analysis.ResultsA MSM was used as the first medication taken on 45.7% (2825/6176) of headache days. Nearly a quarter of the sample (45/193, 23.3%) overused medications for acute treatment of migraine. Medication overuse was more common in patients with a history of an anxiety disorder, odds ratio (OR) 2.01 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–3.69), but this relationship was not significant when headache days were accounted for, OR 2.02 (95% CI 0.83–4.91). Neither a history of a depression disorder, OR 1.40 (95% CI 0.90–2.16), nor an anxiety disorder, OR 1.11 (95% CI 0.71–1.72), was associated with taking medications early; however, duration of self‐monitoring was associated with taking MSM early, OR 1.006 (95% CI 1.004–1.009).ConclusionLifetime history of depression and anxiety were not associated with taking a MSM early. Medication overuse may be more common in patients who have both migraine and anxiety. Taking a MSM early improved over time for all participants, even when adjusting for a history of an anxiety and or a depression disorder.
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension presenting with migraine phenotype is associated with unfavorable headache outcomes
Authors: Bsteh Gabriel , Macher Stefan , Krajnc Nik , Pruckner Philip , Marik Wolfgang , Mitsch Christoph , Novak Klaus , Pemp Berthold , Wöber Christian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prognostic impact of migraine headache in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).BackgroundMigraine headache is common in IIH, but it is unclear whether it has prognostic relevance.MethodsWe investigated patients with IIH from the Vienna‐IIH‐database and differentiated migraine (IIH‐MIG) from non‐migraine headache (IIH‐nonMIG) and without headache (IIH‐noHA). Using multivariable models, we analyzed the impact of IIH‐MIG on headache and visual outcomes 12 months after diagnosis.ResultsAmong 97 patients (89% female, mean [SD] age 32.9 [11.1] years, median body mass index 32.0 kg/m2, median cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure 310 mm), 46% were assigned to IIH‐MIG, 37% to IIH‐nonMIG (11% tension‐type, 26% unclassifiable), and 17% to IIH‐noHA. Overall, headache improvement was achieved in 77% and freedom of headache in 28%. The IIH‐MIG group showed significantly lower rates for headache improvement (67% vs. 89% in IIH‐nonMIG, p = 0.019) and freedom of headache (11% vs. 33% in IIH‐nonMIG and 63% in IIH‐noHA, p = 0.015). These differences persisted when only analyzing patients with resolved papilledema at follow‐up. In contrast, visual worsening was significantly less common in IIH‐MIG (9% vs. 28% in IIH‐nonMIG and 31% in IIH‐noHA, p = 0.045). In multivariable models, IIH‐MIG was associated with a significantly lower likelihood of achieving headache improvement (odds ratio [OR] 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40–0.78, p < 0.001) and freedom of headache (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.12–0.46, p < 0.001), but also a lower risk for visual worsening (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.04–0.82, p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn IIH, migraine headache is associated with unfavorable outcomes for headache, even when papilledema has resolved, and possibly favorable visual outcome.
Mast cell ontogeny: From fetal development to life‐long health and disease
Authors: Chia Shin Li , Kapoor Simran , Carvalho Cyril , Bajénoff Marc , Gentek Rebecca 
Published: February 2023

SummaryMast cells (MCs) are evolutionarily ancient innate immune cells with important roles in protective immunity against bacteria, parasites, and venomous animals. They can be found in most organs of the body, where they also contribute to normal tissue functioning, for example by engaging in crosstalk with nerves. Despite this, they are most widely known for their detrimental roles in allergy, anaphylaxis, and atopic disease. Just like macrophages, mast cells were conventionally thought to originate from the bone marrow. However, they are already present in fetal tissues before the onset of bone marrow hematopoiesis, questioning this dogma. In recent years, our view of myeloid cell ontogeny has been revised. We now know that the first mast cells originate from progenitors made in the extra‐embryonic yolk sac, and later get supplemented with mast cells produced from subsequent waves of hematopoiesis. In most connective tissues, sizeable populations of fetal‐derived mast cells persist into adulthood, where they self‐maintain largely independently from the bone marrow. These developmental origins are highly reminiscent of macrophages, which are known to have critical functions in development. Mast cells too may thus support healthy development. Their fetal origins and longevity also make mast cells susceptible to genetic and environmental perturbations, which may render them pathological. Here, we review our current understanding of mast cell biology from a developmental perspective. We first summarize how mast cell populations are established from distinct hematopoietic progenitor waves, and how they are subsequently maintained throughout life. We then discuss what functions mast cells may normally have at early life stages, and how they may be co‐opted to cause, worsen, or increase susceptibility to disease.
Regional flap: A reliable coverage for post‐radiation ulcer
Authors: Dong Wenfang , Zhang Xinling , Luo Xiuzhen , Chen Yujie , Bi Hongsen , An Yang , Yang Xin , Zhao Zhenmin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUlcer in radiation‐damaged tissue is a dilemma with limited treatment strategies. The study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of regional flaps for patients with post‐radiation ulcers through a 10‐year experience. A retrospective study of consecutive patients with post‐radiation ulcers at a single institute from 2012 to 2022 was conducted. Reconstruction included complete excision of irradiated tissue and coverage with well‐vascularised tissue, including local flaps, regional flaps and free flaps. Study outcomes included complications, reoperation rates, overall flap success and recurrence rates. Thirteen patients (six males and seven females; mean age, 56.85 ± 13.87 years) with a mean 10‐month history of post‐radiation ulcers were enrolled. Ulcers are predominantly located in the chest (n = 3, 23.1%), head (n = 2, 15.4%) and neck (n = 2, 15.4%), with a mean size of 33.1 cm2 (range from 1 cm2 to 120 cm2). Eleven patients underwent reconstruction with 15 regional flaps and three local flaps, one patient received a free anterolateral thigh fasciocutaneous flap and one patient underwent amputation. Among these 15 regional flaps, one (6.7%) had wound dehiscence and four (26.7%) had localised necrosis requiring reoperation. In addition, one patient with a non‐healing sinus tract underwent reoperation. The overall success rate of the regional flap was 100% and no recurrence was observed with a mean follow‐up of 23.3 months. Regional flaps seem a safe and effective reconstructive method for post‐radiation ulcers.