bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Incidence of Lyme Borreliosis Among Children
Authors: Shafquat Madiha , Angulo Frederick J. , Pilz Andreas , Moïsi Jennifer C. , Stark James H. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
First recognized in children in the United States, Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most prevalent tickborne illness in North America and Europe. However, the incidence of LB in children, including geographic variation and difference from that in adults, is incompletely described.

Methods:
We compiled surveillance data from public health agency websites reporting age-stratified LB case data, which was combined with census data to derive incidence estimates. Additional incidence estimates were obtained through a systematic literature review.

Results:
We identified 18 surveillance systems and 15 published studies for derivation of LB incidence in children. National incidence of >10 cases in children per 100,000 per year were estimated for the United States and parts of Eastern, Western and Northern Europe. However, there was substantial variation in incidence among countries in some European regions. National incidence estimates from the literature largely aligned with estimates from surveillance. Surveillance-reported pediatric incidence was lower than adult incidence in adults in 8 countries, similar to adult incidence in 3 countries, and higher than adult incidence in 1 country. Among all pediatric age strata, the 5–9 years of age stratum had the highest proportion of pediatric cases in most countries.

Conclusions:
As pediatric LB represents a substantial proportion of overall LB incidence across countries in Europe and North America, LB prevention and control efforts should target pediatric as well as adult populations. However, better data are needed to fully characterize the difference in incidence across geographic regions.
Long-Term Surgical Outcome for Orbital Solitary Fibrous Tumors
Authors: Vahdani Kaveh , Rose Geoffrey E. , Verity David H. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
To report long-term outcomes after surgery for orbital solitary fibrous tumors.

Methods:
Retrospective review of patients with orbital solitary fibrous tumor, first seen between 1971 and 2022. Primary excisions were grouped as (A) surgically intact, (B) macroscopic, but with cell spillage, or (C) known incomplete excision.

Results:
Fifty-nine patients (31 female; 53%) presented at a mean age of 43.0 years (19–82 years), with 5 patients (8.5%) having malignant solitary fibrous tumors. Average follow up was 11.4 years (median 7.8; range 1–43 years). There were 28 of 59 (47%) group A patients with 1 of 28 (3%) having recurrence, 20 of 59 (34%) group B having 6 of 20 (30%) recurrences, and 11 of 59 (19%) group C with 9 of 11 (82%) recurrence (p < 0.001 for recurrence rate). At a mean of 8.9 (range 1–23.6) years after initial treatment, continued local tumor growth was evident in 16 (27%) patients, with higher-grade recurrence in 3 of 14 (21%) cases. No patient had systemic disease at presentation, but 2 of 59 patients (3%) developed metastases at 22 and 30 years after first treatment. The 10-year progression-free survival was 94% (group A), 60% (group B), and 36% (group C). Tumor disruption or incomplete excision (groups B + C) carries the highest risk of tumor recurrence (hazard ratio 15.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.98–114; p = 0.009), with no correlation to tumor size or histology.

Conclusions:
Orbital solitary fibrous tumors have a low recurrence rate with surgically intact excision; piecemeal excision, capsular disruption, or known incomplete resection have a high recurrence rate, which can occur decades later. Baseline postoperative scans is recommended, together with long-term clinical and interval imaging.
Antibiotic usage and susceptibility patterns in Uncomplicated UTI in a Tertiary Hospital in South India
Authors: John Christy , Chowta Nithyananda , Rao Sathish 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeUrinary tract infections (UTI) are common infections in otherwise healthy young women and there is considerable heterogeneity in antibiotic prescribing practices contributing to increased health expenditure, hospitalization, and ‘collateral damage’ with the unprecedented use of fluoroquinolones and beta-lactams leading to the increase in MRSA strains and gram-negative bacilli. This study was designed to study the appropriateness of empirical antimicrobial therapy with clinical outcomes among outpatients and analyze antibiotic susceptibility patterns.MethodsA longitudinal study involving women clinically diagnosed with uncomplicated UTI as per IDSA guidelines across a study period of 18 months was conducted from 2008-2020. Antibiotic appropriateness was analyzed with respect to IDSA guidelines with subgroup analysis of culture-proven UTI.ResultsAmong 105 cases of uncomplicated UTI, fluoroquinolones were prescribed the most (41%) followed by Beta-Lactams (30.5%). Choice of antimicrobial agent was appropriate in 60 (57%) cases and duration in 30 (28.5%) cases. Subgroup Analysis of 25 culture-proven cases revealed most common organism isolated was E. coli (60%) with prevalence of MDR organisms being 36%. The susceptibility pattern revealed similar levels of resistance between fluoroquinolones (38%), beta-lactams (36%), Nitrofurantoin(32%), Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (32%), and Fosfomycin (20%) with clinical cure rates non-inferior among those prescribed the latter group of antibiotics (84.2% vs 96.6%)ConclusionThe spectrum of uropathogens in our clinical setting is evolving with a substantial rise in MDR pathogens due to inappropriate antibiotic prescribing practices. The use of antibiotics such as Nitrofurantoin, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and Fosfomycin in accordance with local antibiograms must be encouraged as empirical therapy for uncomplicated UTI.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled decentralized trial to assess sleep, health outcomes, and overall well-being in healthy adults reporting disturbed sleep, taking a melatonin-free supplement
Authors: Kolobaric Antonija , Hewlings Susan J , Bryant Corey , Colwell Chris , D’Adamo Chris , Rosner Bernard , Chen Jeff , Pauli Emily K 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInadequate sleep is a global health concern. Sleep is multidimensional and complex; new multi-ingredient agents are needed. This study assessed the comparative effects of two multi-ingredient supplements on sleep relative to placebo. Adults (N=620) seeking better sleep were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 study products (Sleep A, Sleep B or placebo) for 4 weeks. Both active products contained federally legal hemp-derived cannabinoids, botanical oils, GABA and L-theanine. Sleep disturbance was assessed at baseline and weekly using NIH’s Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS™) Sleep Disturbance SF 8A survey. Anxiety, stress, pain, and well-being were assessed using validated measures at baseline and weekly. A linear mixed-effects regression model was used to assess the change in health outcome score between active product groups and the placebo. There was a significant difference in sleep disturbance, anxiety, stress, and well-being between Sleep A and placebo. There was no significant difference in any health parameter between Sleep B and placebo. Side effects were mild or moderate. There were no significant differences in the frequency of side effects between the study groups. A botanical blend containing a low concentration of THC improved sleep disturbance, anxiety, stress, and well-being in healthy individuals that reported better sleep as a primary health concern.
Barriers and Facilitators to the Delivery of Age-friendly Health Services in Primary Health Care Centres in Southwest, Nigeria: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ogunyemi AO , Balogun MR , Ojo AE , Welch SB , Onasanya OO , Yesufu VO , Omotayo AT , Hirschhorn LR 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundWith the rapid growth of Nigeria’s older population, it has become important to establish age-friendly healthcare systems that support care for older people. This study aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators to the delivery of age-friendly health services from the perspectives of primary healthcare managers in Lagos State, Nigeria.MethodWe conducted 13 key informant interviews including medical officers of health, principal officers of the PHC Board and board members at the state level. Using a grounded theory approach, qualitative data analysis was initially done by rapid thematic analysis followed by constant comparative analysis using Dedoose software to create a codebook. Three teams of two coders each blind-coded the interviews, resolved coding discrepancies, and reviewed excerpts by code to extract themes.ResultsThe main barriers to the delivery of age-friendly services included the lack of recognition of older adults as a priority population group; absence of PHC policies targeted to serve older adults specifically; limited training in care of older adults; lack of dedicated funding for care services for older adults and data disaggregated by age to drive decision-making. Key facilitators included an acknowledged mission of the PHCs to provide services for all ages; opportunities for the enhancement of older adult care; availability of a new building template that supports facility design which is more age-friendly; access to basic health care funds; and a positive attitude towards capacity building for existing workforce.ConclusionWhile we identified a number of challenges, these offer opportunities to strengthen and prioritize services for older adults in PHCs and build on existing facilitators. Work is needed to identify and test interventions to overcome these challenges and improve the responsiveness of the PHC system to older adults through the delivery of age-friendly health services in PHCs in Lagos, Nigeria.
Machine learning algorithms in spatiotemporal gait analysis can identify patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Fernando P. Vinuja R. , Pannu Marcus , Natarajan Pragadesh , Fonseka R. Dineth , Singh Naman , Jayalath Shivanthika , Maharaj Monish M. , Mobbs Ralph J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChanges to spatiotemporal gait metrics in gait-altering conditions are characteristic of the pathology. This data can be interpreted by machine learning (ML) models which have recently emerged as an adjunct to clinical medicine. However, the literature is undecided regarding its utility in diagnosing pathological gait and is heterogeneous in its approach to applying ML techniques. This study aims to address these gaps in knowledge. This was a prospective observational study involving 32 patients with Parkinson’s disease and 88 ‘normative’ subjects. Spatiotemporal gait metrics were gathered from all subjects using the MetaMotionC inertial measurement unit and data obtained were used to train and evaluate the performance of 10 machine learning models. Principal component analysis and Genetic Algorithm were amongst the feature selection techniques used. Classification models included Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, Naïve – Bayes, Random Forest, and Artificial Neural Networks. ML algorithms can accurately distinguish pathological gait in Parkinson’s disease from that of normative controls. Two models which used the Random Forest classifier with Principal Component analysis and Genetic Algorithm feature selection techniques separately, were 100% accurate in its predictions and had anF1score of 1. A third model using principal component analysis and Artificial neural networks was equally as successful (100% accuracy,F1= 1). We conclude that ML algorithms can accurately distinguish pathological gait from normative controls in Parkinson’s Disease. Random Forest classifiers, with Genetic Algorithm feature selection are the preferred ML techniques for this purpose as they produce the highest performing model.Author summaryThe way humans walk, are emblematic of their overall health status. These walking patterns, otherwise, can be captured as gait metrics from small and portable wearable sensors. Data gathered from these sensors can be interpreted by machine learning algorithms which can then be used to accurately distinguish healthy and non-healthy patients based on their gait or walking pattern. The applications of this technology are many and varied. Firstly, it can be used to simply aid in diagnosis as explored in this paper. In future, researchers may use their understanding of normal and pathological gait, and their differences to quantify how severely one’s gait is affected in a disease state. This data can be used to track, and quantify, improvements or further deteriorations post treatment, whether these be medication-based or interventions like surgery. Retrospective analyses on data such as this can be used to judge the value of an intervention in reducing a patient’s disability, and advise health related expenditure.
Inhibition of excitatory synaptic transmission alters functional organization and efficiency in cortical neural networks
Authors: Weir Janelle S. , Huse Ramstad Ola , Sandvig Axel , Sandvig Ioanna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFundamental neural mechanisms such as activity dependent Hebbian and homeostatic neuroplasticity are driven by balanced excitatory – inhibitory synaptic transmission, and work in tandem to coordinate and regulate complex neural network dynamics in both healthy and perturbed conditions. These neuroplasticity processes shape neural network activity, as well as structural and functional aspects of network organization, information transmission and processing. While crucial for all aspects of network function, understanding how the brain utilizes plasticity mechanisms to retain or regain function during and after perturbation is often challenging. This is because these processes occur at varying spatiotemporal scales simultaneously across diverse circuits and brain regions and are thus highly complicated to distinguish from other underlying mechanisms. However, neuroplasticity and self-organizing properties of the brain are largely conserved inin vitrobiological neural networks, and as such, these networks enable us to investigate both structural and functional plasticity responses to perturbation networks at the micro and mesoscale level. In this study, we selectively silenced excitatory synaptic transmission inin vitroneural networks to investigate the impact of the perturbation on structural and functional network organization and resilience. Our results demonstrate that selective inhibition of excitatory transmission leads to transient de-clustering of modular structure, increased path length and degree in perturbed networks. These changes indicate a transient loss of network efficiency; with the network subsequently reorganizing to a state of increased clustering and short path lengths following recovery. These findings highlight the remarkable capacity of neural networks to reconfigure their functional organization following perturbation. The ability to detect and decode such processes as they evolve highlights the robustness of our models to investigate certain dynamic network properties that are often not accessible byin vivomethods.
ABDS: tool suite for analyzing biologically diverse samples
Authors: Du Dongping , Bhardwaj Saurabh , Parker Sarah J. , Cheng Zuolin , Zhang Zhen , Lu Yingzhou , Van Eyk Jennifer E. , Yu Guoqiang , Clarke Robert , Herrington David M. , Wang Yue 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMotivationAnalytics tools are essential to identify informative molecular features about different phenotypic groups. Among the most fundamental tasks are missing value imputation, signature gene detection, and expression pattern visualization. However, most commonly used analytics tools may be problematic for characterizing biologically diverse samples when either signature genes possess uneven missing rates across different groups yet involving complex missing mechanisms, or multiple biological groups are simultaneously compared and visualized.ResultsWe develop ABDS tool suite tailored specifically to analyzing biologically diverse samples. Mechanism-integrated group-wise imputation is developed to recruit signature genes involving informative missingness, cosine-based one-sample test is extended to detect enumerated signature genes, and unified heatmap is designed to comparably display complex expression patterns. We discuss the methodological principles and demonstrate the conceptual advantages of the three software tools. We also showcase the biomedical applications of these individual tools. Implemented in open-source R scripts, ABDS tool suite complements rather than replaces the existing tools and will allow biologists to more accurately detect interpretable molecular signals among diverse phenotypic samples.Availability and implementationThe R Scripts of ABDS tool suite is freely available athttps://github.com/niccolodpdu/ABDS.Contactyuewang@vt.eduSupplementary informationSupplementary materials are available atBioinformatics Advancesonline.
The spread of sportswashing within top-flight football: a discussion of its underpinnings, mechanisms and probable consequences
Authors: Roslender Robin 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThe paper discusses a range of aspects of the spread of sportswashing within top-flight football, identifies the motivations of its proponents, what is on offer to football clubs, their followers and local communities and the ways in which it coheres with the nature of the modern game.Design/methodology/approachA range of disparate literature, both academic and non-academic, is synthesised to provide a broad-ranging introduction to the spread of sportswashing within top-flight football.FindingsSportswashing is likely to increase within top-flight football in future years as a result of its resonance with aspects of the game's evolving nature. Resistance to its continuing spread presently appears improbable.Originality/valueAs relatively recent development within football, the sportswashing topic has produced a limited literature to which this paper contributes.
The final frontier? Mechanisms to stimulate investment in the commercial space travel industry
Authors: King Robyn , Smith David , Williams Grace 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThe paper’s purpose is to consider, using a transaction cost economics (TCE) framework, the mechanisms used by space agencies to encourage private investment in the commercial spaceflight sector.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a content analysis of 554 pages of news articles, relating to issues pertaining to partnerships between national government-based space agencies and private space travel providers, published over a 20-year period. Leximancer was used to initially screen the data and then the authors manually analysed the content to identify themes.FindingsThe data analysis revealed three themes, relating to: the uncertainty of space travel; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) stimulating innovation in the private sector; and risk, insurance and regulation. These themes informed by TCE reveal the “hierarchical” organisational forms used to achieve human spaceflight and then the “hybrids”, insurance and regulations used to stimulate private sector investment and innovation.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the accounting literature by answering the calls of Alewine (2020) and Tucker and Alewine (2022a, b) for more research into accounting in the space context. Specifically, the paper contributes by identifying mechanisms used by NASA to stimulate private investment in the space travel sector, as well as issues that have affected the implementation of these mechanisms. The paper also contributes to the literature by, based on the analysis, identifying a series of reflections designed to stimulate further management accounting research in the space context.
Push it real good: the effects of push notifications promoting motivational affordances on consumer behavior in a gamified mobile app
Authors: Kunkel Thilo , Hayduk Ted , Lock Daniel 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThere is clear benefit in designing and sending notifications to users that persuade them to interact with an app and marketer goals. The purpose of this study is to examine how different motivational affordances in notifications affects subsequent app use.Design/methodology/approachThe authors designed three studies to address the purpose: (1) an online experiment to test how individuals perceived notifications, which contained social affordances, progression-based affordances, and a combination of social and progression affordances; (2) a survey to gain a deeper understanding of why certain notification characteristics were effective and to unearth factors that jointly affected notification effectiveness; and (3) an in-app field experiment to test if the findings from studies 1 and 2 held up in a “real world” setting.FindingsThe analysis revealed that progression incentives yielded the greatest increases in user behavior. Neither a social incentive, nor a combination of social and progression affordances was more effective than one progression affordance. This effect was heightened by consumers’ involvement with the focal brand.Research limitations/implicationsThe contribution extends knowledge about the use of motivational affordances to gamify push notifications in high-involvement contexts. This implies that greater attention should be paid to how the: length of push notifications, affordances communicated and degree of consumers’ relationship with a focal brand (i.e. involvement) impact notification effectiveness. These findings set out new avenues to investigate the uses of gamification and services marketing in future research.Practical implicationsThe authors provide marketers with insights into the most effective ways to gamify, structure and time the delivery of notifications. In high-involvement contexts where consumers decide whether to act on a gamified marketing affordance quickly, it pays to use push notifications that feature visible, immediate and tangible rewards. Understanding consumers’ involvement with the brand allows marketers to turn notifications from a potential annoyance into a viable conduit for engagement.Originality/valueThis research extends knowledge on gamification to the domain of push notifications. In doing so, the authors have demonstrated the communicated affordances and wording of the push notifications organizations send affect user behavior. The authors further expand knowledge of the role of consumer involvement on push notification effectiveness while controlling for app usage patterns.