bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-situ porosity prediction in metal powder bed fusion additive manufacturing using spectral emissions: a prior-guided machine learning approach
Authors: Atwya Mohamed , Panoutsos George 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNumerous efforts in the additive manufacturing literature have been made toward in-situ defect prediction for process control and optimization. However, the current work in the literature is limited by the need for multi-sensory data in appropriate resolution and scale to capture defects reliably and the need for systematic experimental and data-driven modeling validation to prove utility. For the first time in literature, we propose a data-driven neural network framework capable of in-situ micro-porosity localization for laser powder bed fusion via exclusively within hatch strip of sensory data, as opposed to a three-dimensional neighborhood of sensory data. We further propose using prior-guided neural networks to utilize the often-abundant nominal data in the form of a prior loss, enabling the machine learning structure to comply more with process physics. The proposed methods are validated via rigorous experimental data sets of high-strength aluminum A205 parts, repeated k-fold cross-validation, and prior-guided validation. Using exclusively within hatch stripe data, we detect and localize porosity with a spherical equivalent diameter (SED) smaller than $$50.00\,\upmu $$

50.00

μ

m with a classification accuracy of $$73.13\pm 1.57\%$$

73.13
±
1.57
%

This is the first work in the literature demonstrating in-situ localization of porosities as small as $$38.12\,\upmu m$$

38.12

μ
m

SED and is more than a five-fold improvement on the smallest SED porosity localization via spectral emissions sensory data in the literature. In-situ localizing micro-porosity using exclusively within hatch-stripe data is a significant step towards within-layer defect mitigation, advanced process feedback control, and compliance with the reliability certification requirements of industries such as the aerospace industry.
‘A Symptom of an Underlying Condition’. Law, the Humanities, and a Non-formalistic Approach to Brexit
Authors: Nicolini Matteo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe essay addresses Brexit as a constitutional and jurisgenerative moment. It provides an alternative reading to that traditionally used to assess its impact on the Anglo-British constitution. Politics and legalism have trapped Britain in a formalistic approach without offering innovative responses to the challenges posed by Brexit, persuading the public that there are no alternatives to an out-of-Europe approach. The essay adopts a different stance, exploring Brexit with less formalism and more attentiveness to its impact on British society. It uses novels and essays, political pamphlets, and other writings prompted by Brexit to examine the conditions underlying this event. Their analysis may nurture the productive imagination needed to support Britain’s constitutional creativity during the post-Brexit scenario.
Weak Edgeworth expansion for the mean-field Bose gas
Authors: Boßmann Lea , Petrat Sören 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe consider the ground state and the low-energy excited states of a system of N identical bosons with interactions in the mean-field scaling regime. For the ground state, we derive a weak Edgeworth expansion for the fluctuations of bounded one-body operators, which yields corrections to a central limit theorem to any order in $$1/\sqrt{N}$$

1
/

N

. For suitable excited states, we show that the limiting distribution is a polynomial times a normal distribution, and that higher-order corrections are given by an Edgeworth-type expansion.
Meloidogyne arenaria candidate effector MaMsp4 interacts with maize (Zea mays L.) proteins involved in host defense response and cell wall modifications
Authors: Przybylska Arnika , Wieczorek Przemysław , Obrępalska-Stęplowska Aleksandra 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background and aims
Meloidogyne arenaria is an economically important root-knot nematode species. Successful plant infection by nematode is facilitated by parasite effectors. This study aimed to characterize a candidate M. arenaria effector, indicate its molecular partners from maize, and analyze its role during infection.

Material and methods
At first, we performed EST database mining to find candidate effector protein from M. arenaria. The expression of its coding gene in nematode developmental stages was assessed using digital droplet PCR. Candidate effector molecular partners were determined using yeast two-hybrid screening of maize cDNA library and interactions were confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation after co-expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. Candidate effector and its molecular partners were GFP-fused and localization in N. benthamiana leaves was observed under confocal microscope. Then, expression level of genes encoding interacting proteins from maize was measured.

Results
MaMsp4 protein was evaluated as candidate effector in M. arenaria and the highest expression level of its coding gene was observed in stage J2. MaMsp4 maize molecular partners were indicated, interactions with beta-galactosidase 11, pectinesterase, S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase 2, and ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase were confirmed, and all proteins fused with GFP were detected in the apoplast and/or cytoplasm. Genes of beta-galactosidase 11 and pectinesterase, playing role in cell wall modifications, were overexpressed at 24 hpi followed by down-regulation at 7 dpi, while S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase 2 and ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase, involved in plant defense response, were suppressed at 7 dpi, without preceding up-regulation.

Conclusions
We have found that MaMsp4 interacts with plant proteins involved in plant cell wall modifications and defense mechanisms related to polyamines biosynthesis.
Toward automated irrigation management with integrated crop water stress index and spatial soil water balance
Authors: Bhatti Sandeep , Heeren Derek M. , O’Shaughnessy Susan A. , Neale Christopher M. U. , LaRue Jacob , Melvin Steve , Wilkening Eric , Bai Geng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDecision support systems intended for precision irrigation aim at reducing irrigation applications while optimizing crop yield to achieve maximum crop water productivity (CWP). These systems incorporate on-site sensor data, remote sensing inputs, and advanced algorithms with spatial and temporal characteristics to compute precise crop water needs. The availability of variable rate irrigation (VRI) systems enables irrigation applications at a sub-field scale. The combination of an appropriate VRI system along with a precise decision support system would be ideal for improved CWP. The objective of this study was to compare and evaluate two decision support systems in terms of seasonal applied irrigation, crop yield, and CWP. This study implemented the Spatial EvapoTranspiration Modeling Interface (SETMI) model and the Irrigation Scheduling Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (ISSCADA) system for management of a center pivot irrigation system in a 58-ha maize-soybean field during the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons. The irrigation scheduling methods included: ISSCADA plant feedback, ISSCADA hybrid, common practice, and SETMI. These methods were applied at irrigation levels of 0, 50, 100, and 150% of the full irrigation prescribed by the respective irrigation scheduling method. Data from infrared thermometers (IRTs), soil water sensors, weather stations, and satellites were used in the irrigation methods. Mean seasonal irrigation prescribed was different among the irrigation levels and methods for the 2 years. The ISSCADA plant feedback prescribed the least irrigation among the methods for majority of the cases. The common practice prescribed the largest seasonal irrigation depth among the methods for three crop-year cases. The maize yield in rainfed was found to be significantly lower than the irrigated levels in 2020 since 2020 was a dry year. No significant differences were observed in crop yield among the different irrigation methods for both years. The CWP among the different irrigation methods ranged between 2.72 and 3.15 kg m−3 for 2020 maize, 1.03 and 1.13 kg m−3 for 2020 soybean, 3.57 and 4.24 kg m−3 for 2021 maize, and 1.19 and 1.48 kg m−3 for 2021 soybean. Deficit level (50%) had the largest irrigation water productivity in all crop-year cases in this study. The ISSCADA and SETMI systems were found to reduce irrigation applications as compared to the common practice while maintaining crop yield. This study was the first to implement the newly developed integrated crop water stress index (iCWSI) thresholds and the ISSCADA system for site-specific irrigation of maize and soybean in Nebraska.
Linguistic and semantic characteristics of articles and peer review reports in Social Sciences and Medical and Health Sciences: analysis of articles published in Open Research Central
Authors: Perković Paloš Andrijana , Mijatović Antonija , Buljan Ivan , Garcia-Costa Daniel , Álvarez-García Elena , Grimaldo Francisco , Marušić Ana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe aimed to examine the differences in articles, peer review and editorial processes in Medical and Health Sciences vs. Social Sciences. Our data source was Open Research Central (ORC) portal, which hosts several journal platforms for post-publication peer review, allowing the analysis of articles from their submission, regardless of the publishing outcome. The study sample included 51 research articles that had Social Sciences tag only and 361 research articles with Medical and Health Sciences tag only. Levenshtein distance analysis showed that text changes over article versions in social science papers were statistically significant in the Introduction section. Articles from Social Sciences had longer Introduction and Conclusion sections and higher percentage of articles with merged Discussion and Conclusion sections. Articles from Medical and Health Sciences followed the Introduction-Methods-Results-Discussion (IMRaD) structure more frequently and contained fewer declarations and non IMRaD sections, but more figures. Social Sciences articles had higher Word Count, higher Clout, and less positive Tone. Linguistic analysis revealed a more positive Tone for peer review reports for articles in Social Sciences and higher Achievement and Research variables. Peer review reports were significantly longer for articles in Social Sciences but the two disciplines did not differ in the characteristics of the peer review process at all stages between the submitted and published version. This may be due to the fact that they were published on the same publication platform, which uses uniform policies and procedures for both types of articles.
Impactful COVID-19 discoveries from China are neglected in the media
Authors: Zhang Yinxian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDo the media and the scientific community often agree on what research is worth public attention? During the COVID-19 pandemic, I analyzed all COVID-related research articles (n = 665) published in 13 world-leading medical and science journals. I found that the media attention an article receives is positively associated with its scientific impact—proxied by citation counts. However, given the same level of scientific impact, an article from China, on average, would receive 5.25 times fewer media mentions per additional citation, compared to an article from other parts of the world. The articles being neglected feature timely and impactful discoveries including asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2, and the origins and transmission dynamics of the virus. The underrepresentation of Chinese articles persisted even after controlling for various factors, including the research team’s preexisting media sources and self-country citations, i.e., cites coming from the same country. Such media bias may come at the cost of global public health.
Lotus effect optimization algorithm (LEA): a lotus nature-inspired algorithm for engineering design optimization
Authors: Dalirinia Elham , Jalali Mehrdad , Yaghoobi Mahdi , Tabatabaee Hamid 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHere we introduce a new evolutionary algorithm called the Lotus Effect Algorithm, which combines efficient operators from the dragonfly algorithm, such as the movement of dragonflies in flower pollination for exploration, with the self-cleaning feature of water on flower leaves known as the lotus effect, for extraction and local search operations. The authors compared this method to other improved versions of the dragonfly algorithm using standard benchmark functions, and it outperformed all other methods according to Fredman's test on 29 benchmark functions. The article also highlights the practical application of LEA in reducing energy consumption in IoT nodes through clustering, resulting in increased packet delivery ratio and network lifetime. Additionally, the performance of the proposed method was tested on real-world problems with multiple constraints, such as the welded beam design optimization problem and the speed-reducer problem applied in a gearbox, and the results showed that LEA performs better than other methods in terms of accuracy.
Conservation of skinks in New Zealand cities
Authors: Woolley Christopher K. , Hartley Stephen , Innes John G. , Shanahan Danielle F. , van Heezik Yolanda , Wilson Deborah J. , Nelson Nicola J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUrbanisation dramatically alters ecosystems, disrupting key processes and threatening species persistence. Despite growing knowledge of the impacts of cities on wildlife, particularly for birds and mammals, there remains a paucity of research on how urbanisation impacts other taxa, including reptiles. We examined how urbanisation affects skink communities across multiple New Zealand cities by undertaking pitfall trapping surveys in a range of habitats. Of the 20 endemic species thought to have been present historically in the cities, only four were captured during surveys, Oligosoma aeneum in Hamilton; O. polychroma, O. aeneum, and O. ornatum in Wellington; O. polychroma in Nelson; and O. aff. polychroma Clade 5 in Dunedin. Our results reveal highly variable patterns of occupancy, abundance, and complex associations with key threats and habitat modifications. Sites in Nelson and Wellington were much more likely to record skinks than Hamilton and Dunedin, and modelling showed abundance of O. polychroma was positively related to rat tracking rates when grass cover was low but showed a negative relationship when grass cover was high. O. polychroma body condition was negatively associated with the proportion of urban land cover (built up areas or transport infrastructure). The low number of captures of several species is concerning and long-term monitoring is needed to assess the trajectories of these vulnerable populations. Effective conservation management of urban wildlife requires knowledge of where populations exist and how urban processes affect persistence. For understudied urban-dwelling taxa such as reptiles, the lack of this information may be putting populations at risk.
Topological non-Hermitian skin effect
Authors: Lin Rijia , Tai Tommy , Li Linhu , Lee Ching Hua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article reviews recent developments in the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE), particularly on its rich interplay with topology. The review starts off with a pedagogical introduction on the modified bulk-boundary correspondence, the synergy and hybridization of NHSE and band topology in higher dimensions, as well as, the associated topology on the complex energy plane such as spectral winding topology and spectral graph topology. Following which, emerging topics are introduced such as non-Hermitian criticality, dynamical NHSE phenomena, and the manifestation of NHSE beyond the traditional linear non-interacting crystal lattices, particularly its interplay with quantum many-body interactions. Finally, we survey the recent demonstrations and experimental proposals of NHSE.
Perirenal fat stranding as a predictor of disease progression after radical nephroureterectomy for renal pelvic urothelial carcinoma: a retrospective study
Authors: Yanagi Masato , Terasaki Mika , Kiriyama Tomonari , Terasaki Yasuhiro , Akatsuka Jun , Endo Yuki , Nishimura Taiji , Shimizu Akira , Kondo Yukihiro 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
To investigate the impact of Perirenal fat stranding (PRFS) on progression after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for renal pelvic urothelial carcinoma (RPUC) without hydronephrosis and to reveal the pathological findings of PRFS.

Methods
Clinicopathological data, including computed tomography (CT) findings of the ipsilateral PRFS, were collected from the medical records of 56 patients treated with RNU for RPUC without hydronephrosis between 2011 and 2021 at our institution. PRFS on CT was classified as either low or high PRFS. The impact of PRFS on progression-free survival (PFS) after RNU was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. In addition, specimens including sufficient perirenal fat from patients with low and with high PRFS were pathologically analyzed. Immunohistochemical analysis of CD68, CD163, CD3, and CD20 was also performed.

Results
Of the 56 patients, 31(55.4%) and 25 (44.6%) patients were classified as having low and high PRFS, respectively. Within a median follow-up of 40.6 months postoperatively, 11 (19.6%) patients showed disease progression. The Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test revealed that patients with high PRFS had significantly lower PFS rates than those with low PRFS (3-year PFS 69.8% vs 93.3%; p = 0.0393). Pathological analysis revealed that high PRFS specimens (n = 3 patients) contained more fibrous strictures in perirenal fat than low PRFS specimens (n = 3 patients). In addition, M2 macrophages (CD163 +) infiltrating fibrous tissue in perirenal area were observed in all patients with high PRFS group.

Conclusions
PRFS of RPUC without hydronephrosis consists of collagenous fibers with M2 macrophages. The presence of ipsilateral high PRFS might be a preoperative risk factor for progression after RNU for RPUC patients without hydronephrosis. Prospective studies with large cohorts are required in the future.
Temperature field test and prediction using a GA-BP neural network for CRTS II slab tracks
Authors: Liu Dan , Su Chengguang , Yang Rongshan , Ren Juanjuan , Liu Xueyi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe CRTS II slab track, which is connected in a longitudinal direction, is one of the main ballastless tracks in China, with approximately 7365 km of operational track. Temperature loading is a very vital factor leading to slab track damages such as warping and cracking. While existing research on temperature distribution rests on either site tests in special environments or theoretical analysis, the long-term temperature field characteristics are not clear. Therefore, a long-term temperature field test for the CRTS II slab track on bridge-subgrade transition section was conducted to analyze the temperature field. A GA-BP (genetic algorithm optimized back propagation) neural network was trained on the test data to predict the temperature field. The vertical and lateral temperature distributions in four typical days were carried out. We found that the temperature along the track was distributed in a nonlinear manner. This was particularly distinct in the vertical direction for depths of less than 300 mm. The highest and lowest daily temperatures and the daily range of the temperature were analyzed. With the increasing depth, the daily highest temperatures and range of the temperature were smaller, the daily lowest temperatures were higher, and the time corresponding to this peak value appeared later in the day. Both the highest and lowest daily temperature could be predicted using the GA-BP neural network, though the accuracy in predicting the highest temperature was higher than that in predicting the lowest temperature.
The Effects of Forest Operations and Silvicultural Treatments on Litter Decomposition Rate: a Meta-analysis
Authors: Latterini Francesco , Dyderski Marcin K. , Horodecki Paweł , Picchio Rodolfo , Venanzi Rachele , Lapin Katharina , Jagodziński Andrzej M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurpose of ReviewAs litter decomposition is a fundamental process in forest ecosystems, representing the link between aboveground and belowground biogeochemical processes, we developed an effect size summarisation of the implications of forest management on litter decomposition rate, by applying a multi-level meta-analysis and multivariate mixed-effects meta-analytic linear models. Our aim was to review the findings of the current literature and to understand how forest management, silvicultural treatment, and forest operations could affect litter decomposition rate. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of environmental variables that included stand type, climatic conditions, and the percentage of biomass removal on litter decomposition rate.Recent FindingsWe found a statistically significant reduction in litter decomposition rate associated with clear-cutting, and no statistically significant differences for the overall effects of retention forestry and logging activities (disturbed forest soil in the form of skid trails or strip roads). Concerning the sub-group analysis and multivariate meta-regression, there were no significant effects for stand type (broadleaf, coniferous, or mixed) or climatic conditions (mean annual temperature and annual precipitation). The percentage of biomass removal showed a significant positive correlation with the effect size, thus indicating that higher biomass removal in the framework of retention forestry leads to an increase in litter decomposition rate. Also, the mesh size of the litterbag showed a positive correlation with the effect size, suggesting that there is a probability of a factor of stronger disturbance to large-body decomposer organisms such as microarthropods.SummaryLitter decomposition rate is related, among other factors, to soil microclimatic conditions and soil biota. Therefore, this process can be strongly influenced by active forest management, meant as a silvicultural treatment carried out by applying a given harvesting system. In the context of retention forestry, increased light availability seems to be the driving force in shaping increased litter decomposition rates with increasing biomass removal. On the other hand, when a clear-cut is applied, the stronger modification to the edaphic community leads to decreased litter decomposition rates. It is worth noting that the modification may also be related to soil manipulation to favour the establishment of artificial regeneration. The findings, however, showed very large variability, thus suggesting the need for further research on such a complex topic. Multidisciplinary studies that analyse the microclimate and the edaphic biological communities along with the litter decomposition are particularly recommended.