bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community‐ and individual‐level correlates of HIV incidence in HPTN 071 (PopART)
Authors: Skalland Timothy , Ayles Helen , Bock Peter , Bwalya Justin , Shanaube Kwame , Kasese Nkatya , Dupré Michelle , Kosloff Barry , Floyd Sian , Wilson Ethan , Moore Ayana , Eshleman Susan , Fidler Sarah , Hayes Richard , Donnell Deborah ,   the HPTN 071 (PopART) Study Team
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionUniversal HIV testing and treatment aims to identify all people living with HIV and offer them treatment, decreasing the number of individuals with unsuppressed HIV and thus reducing HIV transmission. Longitudinal follow‐up of individuals with and without HIV in a cluster‐randomized trial of communities allowed for the examination of community‐ and individual‐level measures of HIV risk and HIV incidence.MethodsHPTN 071 (PopART) was a three‐arm cluster‐randomized trial conducted between 2013 and 2018 that evaluated the use of two combination HIV prevention strategies implemented at the community level to reduce HIV incidence compared to the standard of care. The trial, conducted in 21 communities in Zambia and South Africa, measured HIV incidence over 36 months in a population cohort of ∼2000 randomly selected adults per community aged 18–44. Multilevel models were used to assess the association between HIV incidence and community‐ and individual‐level socio‐demographic and behavioural risk factors, as well as prevalence of detectable virus (PDV) defined as the estimated proportion of the community with unsuppressed viral load.ResultsOverall HIV incidence was 1.49/100 person‐years. Communities with less financial wealth and communities with more individuals reporting having sex partners outside of the community or two or more sexual partners had higher HIV incidence. PDV at 2 years of study was 6.8% and was strongly associated with HIV incidence: for every 50% relative reduction in community PDV, there was a 49% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 37%–58%, p < 0.001) relative decrease in HIV incidence. At the individual level; socio‐economic status, AUDIT score, medical male circumcision and certain sexual behaviours were associated with HIV risk.ConclusionsUsing data from the PopART randomized trial, we found several associations of HIV incidence with community‐level measures reflecting the sexual behaviour and socio‐economic make‐up of each community. We also found a strong association between community PDV and HIV incidence supporting the use of PDV as a tool for monitoring progress in controlling the epidemic. Lastly, we found significant individual‐level factors of HIV risk that are generally consistent with previous HIV epidemiological research. These results have the potential to identify high high‐incidence communities, inform structural‐level interventions, and optimize individual‐level interventions for HIV prevention.Clinical Trial NumberClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01900977, HPTN 071 [PopArt]
Client preferences for HIV Care Coordination Program features in New York City: latent class analysis of a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Conte Madellena , Zimba Rebecca , Fong Chunki , Carmona Jennifer , Gambone Gina , Robertson McKaylee , Kozlowski Sarah , Abdelqader Faisal , Nash Denis , Irvine Mary 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe PROMISE study, launched in 2018, evaluates the implementation of revisions to the HIV Care Coordination Program (CCP) designed to minimize persistent disparities in HIV outcomes among high‐need persons living with HIV in New York City. We conducted a discrete choice experiment (DCE) assessing the preferences of CCP clients to inform improvements to the program's design.MethodsClients chose between two hypothetical CCP options that varied across four program attributes: help with antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence (directly observed therapy [DOT] vs. remind via phone/text vs. adherence assessment), help with primary care appointments (remind and accompany vs. remind and transport vs. remind only), help with issues other than primary care (coverage and benefits vs. housing and food vs. mental health vs. specialty medical care) and visit location (meet at home vs. via phone/video vs. program visit 30 or 60 minutes away). The latent class analysis identified different preference patterns. A choice simulation was performed to model client preferences for hypothetical CCPs as a whole.ResultsOne hundred and eighty‐one CCP clients from six sites implementing the revised CCP completed the DCE January 2020–March 2021. Most clients had stable housing (68.5%), reported no problem substance use in the last 3 months (72.4%) and achieved viral suppression (78.5) with only 26.5% receiving DOT within a CCP. 77.3% of responses were obtained before the COVID‐19 pandemic. Preferences clustered into three groups. Visit location and ART adherence support were the most important attributes. Group 1 (40%) endorsed telehealth for visit location; telehealth for ART adherence support; and help with securing housing/food; Group 2 (37%) endorsed telehealth for visit location; telehealth for ART adherence support; and staff reminding/arranging appointment transportation; Group 3 (23%) endorsed staff meeting clients at program location and staff working with clients for medication adherence. In the choice simulation, Basic and Medium hypothetical CCPs were endorsed more than Intensive CCPs.ConclusionsThis DCE revealed a strong preference for telehealth and a relatively low preference for intensive services, such as DOT and home visits; preferences were heterogeneous. The findings support differentiated care and remote service delivery options in the NYC CCP, and can inform improvements to CCP design.
Global warming increases risk from compound dry‐hot events to human and agricultural systems
Authors: Zhang Yitong , Hao Zengchao , Jiang Yutong , Singh Vijay P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOwing to their potentially amplified impacts, compound dry‐hot events (CDHEs) can pose serious risk to human life and ecosystems. However, studies have mainly assessed the risk related to CDHEs from the hazard or exposure perspective, while a system risk assessment incorporating the hazard, exposure and vulnerability at the global scale is lacking. This study assessed the risk from CDHEs based on model simulations from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) models for different future periods, including near term (2021–2040), mid‐term (2041–2060) and long term (2081–2100) periods, under two different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) scenarios. Using cropland and population as exposure indicators, the risk from CDHEs to human and agricultural systems was investigated by combing the hazard (the frequency or duration of CDHEs) and vulnerability indicators (GDP and irrigation fraction). Results showed a widespread increase in the risk to human and agricultural systems (represented by the populations and cropland) under the two scenarios (SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5) across the globe, particularly in North America, Europe, Africa and Oceania for population and northern South America, large parts of Europe, and southeast China for cropland. The median values of relative changes in risk to human (cropland) systems were 136%, 213% and 207% (102%, 161% and 225%) for the near term, mid‐term and long term, respectively. The increase in hazards was shown to primarily contribute to the increased population risk. This study may provide useful insights for future risk management of compound extremes in human and agricultural systems.
A critical re‐analysis of constraints on the timing and rate of Laurentide Ice Sheet recession in the northeastern United States
Authors: Halsted Christopher T. , Bierman Paul R. , Shakun Jeremy D. , Davis P. Thompson , Corbett Lee B. , Drebber Jason S. , Ridge John C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe review geochronological data relating to the timing and rate of Laurentide Ice Sheet recession in the northeastern United States and model ice margin movements in a Bayesian framework using compilations of previously published organic 14C (n = 133) and in situ cosmogenic 10Be (n = 95) ages. We compare the resulting method‐specific chronologies with glacial varve records that serve as independent constraints on the pace of ice recession to: (1) construct a synthesis of deglacial chronology throughout the region; and (2) assess the accuracy of each chronometer for constraining the timing of deglaciation. Near the Last Glacial Maximum terminal moraine zone, 10Be and organic 14C ages disagree by thousands of years and limit determination of the initial recession to a date range of 24–20 ka. We infer that 10Be inherited from pre‐glacial exposure adds 2–6 kyr to many exposure ages near the terminal moraines, whereas macrofossil 14C ages are typically 4–8 kyr too young due to a substantial lag between ice recession and sufficient organic material accumulation for dating in some basins. Age discrepancies between these chronometers decrease with distance from the terminal moraine, due to less 10Be inherited from prior exposure and a reduced lag between ice recession and organic material deposition. 14C and 10Be ages generally agree at locations more than 200 km distal from the terminal moraines and suggest a mostly continuous history of ice recession throughout the region from 18 to 13 ka with a variable pace best documented by varves.
Combining surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy and mid‐infrared spectroscopy in a data fusion model to forensic differentiate the electrostatic copying paper
Authors: Zhu Mi , Chen Yaoqing , He Jiangnan , Yi Rongnan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe aim of this paper was to explore the non‐destructive application of fusion spectra model for characterization and differentiation of electrostatic copying papers that could be favourable to give forensic aid in legal cases. Two hundred fifty electrostatic copy paper samples were collected from various markets. All samples were subjected to surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) analysis from 3500 to 400 cm−1 Raman shift range and attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared spectrum (ATR‐FTIR) analysis from 4000 to 400 cm−1 wavenumber range, respectively. The spectral data refracted the constituents present in the electrostatic copy papers were cellulose, inorganic filler calcium carbonate and barium sulfate. Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA), multi‐class support vector machine (MSVM) and decision tree (DT) algorithms were used to build the model. The precision rate, recall rate, F‐score and total accuracy were considered as indicators to evaluate the model's performance. The results showed that fusion models were superior to single model. The feature layer fusion model based on MSVM algorithm gave a differentiating power of 100% by grouping all the sample groups. This study demonstrated that spectral fusion model is a feasible and reliable approach for fast and non‐destructive differentiation of electrostatic copying papers. It has great potential in real application scenarios.
DTAmetasa: An R shiny application for meta‐analysis of diagnostic test accuracy and sensitivity analysis of publication bias
Authors: Mizutani Shosuke , Zhou Yi , Tian Yu‐Shi , Takagi Tatsuya , Ohkubo Tadayasu , Hattori Satoshi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMeta‐analysis of diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) is a powerful statistical method for synthesizing and evaluating the diagnostic capacity of medical tests and has been extensively used by clinical physicians and healthcare decision‐makers. However, publication bias (PB) threatens the validity of meta‐analysis of DTA. Some statistical methods have been developed to deal with PB in meta‐analysis of DTA, but implementing these methods requires high‐level statistical knowledge and programming skill. To assist non‐technical users in running most routines in meta‐analysis of DTA and handling with PB, we developed an interactive application, DTAmetasa. DTAmetasa is developed as a web‐based graphical user interface based on the R shiny framework. It allows users to upload data and conduct meta‐analysis of DTA by “point and click” operations. Moreover, DTAmetasa provides the sensitivity analysis of PB and presents the graphical results to evaluate the magnitude of the PB under various publication mechanisms. In this study, we introduce the functionalities of DTAmetasa and use the real‐world meta‐analysis to show its capacity for dealing with PB.
Phenotypical Characterization of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Premature Infants using Polysomnography
Authors: Zalzal Habib G. , Newman Daniel , Behzadpour Hengameh , Nino Gustavo , Lawlor Claire M. 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo use objective quantification of polysomnographic (PSG) parameters in premature infants to define the severity and nature of obstructions (partial hypopnea vs. total obstruction), along with the impact on sleep fragmentation and oxygenation patterns.MethodsRetrospective comparison of PSG features in 207 infants (<12 months) referred for sleep disordered breathing. Our study groups included term (> = 37 weeks GA, n = 162) and premature (<37 weeks GA, n = 45) infants. Groups were compared for OSA sleep‐stage—specific apnea hypopnea (AHI) indexes (REM and NREM), hypopnea indexes (HI), obstructive apnea indexes (OI) and arousal indexes. Oxygenation was assessed as % of time with SpO2 < 90%, nadir with apneic events and frequency of SpO2 desaturations (>3%) calculated as stage‐specific O2 desaturation indexes.ResultsOverall, premature infants had greater apnea severity (AHI premature 13.9/h vs. Term 7.9/h, p = 0.018). Additional analyses showed that the primary difference between premature and term infants is seen in the group with partial obstructions (HI index) and severe OSA (OAHI> = 10/h). Premature infants also had greater arousal indexes (premature 13.8/h vs. term 10.5/h, p = 0.003). Although the percentage of time <90% at night and the median SpO2 nadir during apneic events was similar in premature vs. term, O2 desaturation indexes were greater in premature infants (10.3/h in term vs. 18.3/h in prematurity, p = 0.03).ConclusionsChildren born premature have an OSA phenotype in infancy characterized by greater severity mostly due to frequent partial obstructions (hypopneas) rather than full obstructions (obstructive apnea). Prematurity is also associated with more intermittent hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:1933–1938, 2024
A regional assessment of ecological environment quality in Thailand special economic zone: Spatial heterogeneous influences and future prediction
Authors: Nguyen Can Trong , Kaewthongrach Rungnapa , Channumsin Sittiporn , Chongcheawchamnan Mitchai , Phan Thanh‐Noi , Niammuad Damrongrit 
Published: August 2023

Abstract“Eastern Economic Corridor” is a development plan under the Thailand 4.0 scheme to revitalize the economy. However, it has influenced the environment through numerous infrastructural and industrial projects. The ecological environment is the most fragile component since it is susceptible to land use, land cover changes (LULCC) and rapid development. Meanwhile, there is currently a lack of comprehensive studies on spatial heterogeneity and future simulation of ecological environment quality (EEQ). Therefore, this study aims to analyze changes in EEQ and controlling factors and to predict near‐future EEQ by adopting an integrated approach of remote sensing and spatial analyses. It revealed that the regional EEQ has considerably fluctuated in the period 2013–2021. The dynamic areas, accounting for nearly half of the area, include ecologically degraded areas in coastal urban and surrounding areas and ecologically improved areas in the eastern forest and perennial plantations. Chonburi is the most vulnerable province due to its long coast with extensive urban infrastructures and industrial estates. These changes are an integrated consequence of natural and socioeconomic impacts. Particularly, LULCC, infrastructural projects, and climate are the most crucial contributors since they directly regulate the functions of the ecological environment, which will amplify the future changes of EEQ reflected via the near‐future prediction. This research identified key controlling factors and spatial heterogeneities that are useful for policymakers and local authorities to have appropriate local‐oriented plans for each area relevant to their uniqueness. Besides, regional plans should be also considered along with regional concerns such as LULCC, crop structures, water management, and green infrastructure, as well as legal interventions to promote sustainable development in this special economic zone.
Catalyst‐Free, Self‐Healing, and Recyclable Tung Oil‐Based Epoxy Vitrimers with Dynamic Ester Bonds
Authors: Chang Qianyong , Li Wenbin , Xiao Laihui , Zhang Kun , Huang Jinrui , Wang Yigang , Nie Xiaoan , Chen Jie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLow toughness and nonrecyclability severely limit the applications of traditional thermosets and are not in line with the concept of sustainable development. To solve these problems, water is used as the solvent, and a tung oil‐based tetrafunctional carboxylic acid (TFA) curing agent is obtained through a “one‐pot” method based on previous works. This green synthesis method is suitable for synthesizing tung oil‐based polycarboxylic acid curing agents from various olefin‐containing polyacids. At the same time, the vitrimers (DGEBA‐TFA) are prepared with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol (DGEBA) as the skeleton, and applied to carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRCs). The tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at break of DGEBA‐TFA are 64.62 MPa, 2.55 GPa, and 4.31%, respectively, which are comparable to previous works. Hence, the performance of the vitrimers is not reduced while simplifying the experimental steps. Meanwhile, DGEBA‐TFA exhibits excellent self‐healing, shape memory, and recycling abilities. The vitrimers can be reprocessed without additional catalysts, and the recovery rate remained at 91.3% in the third cycle. DGEBA‐TFA‐CFs exhibite excellent tensile strength. This work solves the problems in previous works and makes TFA more likely to be applied into practical industrial production.
Development and benchmarking diffusion magnetic resonance imaging analysis for integration into radiation treatment planning
Authors: Elliott Andrew , Villemoes Emma , Farhat Maguy , Klingberg Embla , Langshaw Holly , Svensson Stina , Chung Caroline 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeThe rising promise in the utility of advanced multi‐parametric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in radiotherapy (RT) treatment planning creates a necessity for testing and enhancing the accuracy of quantitative imaging analysis. Standardizing the analysis of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to generate meaningful and reproducible apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) lays the requisite needed for clinical integration. The aim of the demonstrated work is to benchmark the generation of the ADC and FA parametric map analyses using integrated tools in a commercial treatment planning system against the currently used ones.MethodsThree software packages were used for generating ADC and FA maps in this study; one tool was developed within a commercial treatment planning system, another by the Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB) Software Library FSL (Analysis Group, FMRIB, Oxford, United Kingdom), and an in‐house tool developed at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. The ADC and FA maps generated by all three packages for 35 subjects were subtracted from one another, and the standard deviation of the images’ differences was used to compare the reproducibility. The reproducibility of the ADC maps was compared with the Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance (QIBA) protocol, while that of the FA maps was compared to data in published literature.ResultsResults show that the discrepancies between the ADC maps calculated for each patient using the three different software algorithms are less than 2% which meets the 3.6% recommended QIBA requirement. Except for a small number of isolated points, the majority of differences in FA maps for each patient produced by the three methods did not exceed 0.02 which is 10 times lower than the differences seen in healthy gray and white matter. The results were also compared to the maps generated by existing MR Imaging consoles and showed that the robustness of console generated ADC and FA maps is largely dependent on the correct application of scaling factors, that only if correctly placed; the differences between the three tested methods and the console generated values were within the recommended QIBA guidelines.ConclusionsCross‐comparison difference maps demonstrated that quantitative reproducibility of ADC and FA metrics generated using our tested commercial treatment planning system were comparable to in‐house and established tools as benchmarks. This integrated approach facilitates the clinical utility of diffusion imaging in radiation treatment planning workflow.
A recipient country‐centered approach to framing digital financial management information systems
Authors: Jeong Seongho , Kim Younhee 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDeveloping countries have commonly adopted financial management information systems developed by prominent international organizations or developed countries to modernize their fiscal functions. However, these systems face limitations in effectively meeting the specific needs of recipient countries and maintaining their built‐in functionalities. This field report aims to investigate the module based adoption of South Korea's Integrated Financial Management Information System as a customized strategy that aligns with the demands and capacities of recipient countries. The implications of this report provide practical pathways to integrate the push for modernization efforts of donor countries and the pull for localization goals of recipient countries, improving the effectiveness of financial management systems in developing countries and promoting self‐sufficiency and adaptability.
Simulation‐based bronchoscopy training: Randomized trial comparing worked example to video introduction
Authors: Vieira Lais M. N. , Ibiapina Cassio da Cunha , Camargos Paulo A. M. , Brand Paul L. P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionLearning the complex skill of bronchoscopy involves the integration of cognitive domains and motor skills. The development of simulators has opened up new possibilities in bronchoscopy training. This study aimed at evaluating how effective the modeling example methodology is in training this skill and assessed its effect on cognitive load in learning.MethodsForty‐seven medical students participating in a simulator‐based bronchoscopy training program were randomly allocated to a control group, receiving a video lesson, and the modeling example group. They were evaluated by the simulator's metrics at different time points: pre‐, posttest, and 15 days and 12 months after training. Cognitive load was assessed with the modified Paas scale.ResultsSimulation‐based training was effective for both groups, based on simulator metrics (p < .05). The modeling example group outperformed the control group in all measures at posttest and after 15 days (p < .001). After 12 months, there was a decline in skill in both groups, but the modeling example group performed better (p < .001). Simulation‐based training reduced cognitive load, more strongly so in the modeling example group (p < .001).ConclusionThe modeling example group showed substantial benefits over the control group, both in reducing the cognitive load in learning and in retaining knowledge and skill after 15 days and 12 months.