bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
تحليل علاقة مخاطر(السيولة والائتمان) بمؤشرات السلامة المصرفية لعينة من المصارف التجارية الخاصة العراقية للمدة(2010-2020)
Authors: حنظل حنان , خلف وحيدة 
Published: February 2023

المستخلص
تعد المصارف التجارية البنية الأساسية في بناء الاقتصاد والأعمال لأي دولة , إذ أن المصارف التجارية تلعب دورا بارزا في عملية التطور الاقتصادي,وأن اغلب المصارف تتعرض إلى الكثير من المخاطر المصرفية التي قد تؤدي إلى عدم استقرار النظام المالي. ولعل من أهم هذه الأخطار هي مخاطر السيولة والائتمان التي تعد من المواضيع المهمة في المصارف التجارية كونها مصدر قلق لكل مصرف لأن الوظيفة التي وجدت المصارف من اجلها هي توفير السيولة النقدية ومنح الائتمان. ويهدف هذا البحث إلى بيان وتحليل علاقة مخاطر(السيولة والائتمان) بمؤشرات السلامة الخاصة لعينة من المصارف التجارية الخاصة وقد تم اختيار ثلاث مصارف تجارية(المصرف التجاري العراقي,المصرف المتحد للاستثمار,مصرف الشرق الأوسط) للمدة (2010-2020) واعتمد البحث على الفرضية الآتي هو( يوجد ارتباط معنوي ذو دلال إحصائية بين مخاطر (السيولة والائتمان ) وبين مؤشرات السلامة المصرفية),وتوصل البحث إلى عدة نتائج من أهمها ان تحليل علاقة مؤشرات مخاطر السيولة والائتمان مع مؤشرات السلامة المصرفية ساعد صانعي السياسات والمنظمين من تحديد نقاط القوة والضعف في المصارف التجارية بسهولة, لكي يتمكنوا من اتخاذ إجراءات وقائية لتجنب أي أزمات تعرقل عمل المصارف.فيما أوصى البحث على ضرورة حث المصارف التجارية العراقية على تطوير أدوات قياس و مراقبة ووضع خطط طوارئ فعالة , من اجل السيطرة على مخاطر السيولة والائتمان.
FIRST DESCRIPTION OF THE NEST AND EGG OF THE STIPPLE-THROATED ANTWREN (EPINECROPHYLLA HAEMATONOTA)
Authors: Williams Sean M 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT ∙ The life histories of most Epinecrophylla antwrens are poorly known. I describe the first nest and egg of the Stipple‐throated Antwren (E. haematonota), which was found in the southern lowland rainforest of Amazonian Peru. The closed and globular nest was located 0.33 m from the ground, and was laterally supported by palm fronds. The single egg was off‐white and partially covered by dark magenta spotting. The nest and egg descriptions match other Epinecrophylla, but differ from Myrmotherula. The results support the split of Epinecrophylla from Myrmotherula.RESUMEN ∙ Primera descripción del nido y huevo del Hormiguerito Dorsirrojo (Epinecrophylla haematonota) en Perú ∙ La biología de casi todas las especies de hormigueritos del genero Epinecrophylla es muy poco conocida. Aquí describo el primer nido y huevo del Hormiguerito Dorsirrojo (E. haematonota), encontrado en el sur de la selva amazónica del Perú. El nido cerrado y de forma globular estaba ubicado a 0,33 m del piso, con soporte lateral de cañas de palma. El único huevo era blanco con manchas magentas. La descripción del nido y huevo es similar a las de otras especies de Epinecrophylla, pero diferente de Myrmotherula. Estos resultados apoyan la identidad de Epinecrophylla como género separado de Myrmotherula.
NESTING BIOLOGY OF THE OCHRE‐BREASTED TANAGER (CHLOROTHRAUPIS STOLZMANNI) IN TATAMÁ NATIONAL NATURAL PARK, COLOMBIA
Authors: Sánchez-Martínez Manuel Andrés , Londoño Gustavo Adolfo 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT ∙ Information on the nesting of the Ochre‐breasted Tanager (Chlorothraupis stolzmanni) is limited, only brief nest and egg descriptions are available. This study was based on two nests monitored between February and June 2014, in Tatamá National Park, Colombia. Both nests consisted of a bulky and deep cup and were placed on epiphytes that grew on tree branches or on tree ferns. Two white eggs with reddish‐brown spots concentrated at the larger end were found in each nest. The parents spent 68.8 ± 15.4% of their daytime incubating, and conducted 4.6 ± 0.5 off‐bout trips per day (N = 8 days) that lasted 44.6 ± 5.1 min (N = 36 off‐bouts). Overall, our results showed that C. stolzmanni had a small clutch size and low nest attentiveness typical of related species and other tropical passerines. However, further studies are needed to better understand factors that might contribute to similarities and differences in the nesting behavior among Chlorothraupis species.RESUMEN ∙ Biología de anidación del Guayabero Ocre (Chlorothraupis stolzmanni) en el Parque Nacional Natural Tatamá, Colombia La información acerca del anidamiento Guayabero Ocre (Chlorothraupis stolzmanni) es limitada, sólo existe una breve descripción del nido y los huevos. Este estudio está basado en dos nidos monitoreados entre febrero a junio durante 2014, dentro del Parque Nacional Natural Tatamá, Colombia. Estos nidos fueron copas voluminosas y profundas construidas entre epífitas que crecen sobre ramas de árboles y helechos arborescentes. En cada nido se encontraron dos huevos blancos con manchas color marrón rojizo, concentradas hacia el extremo más ancho. Durante la incubación, los padres realizaron 4,6 ± 0,5 (N = 8 días) viajes fuera del nido, los cuales tardaron 44,6 ± 5,1 min (N = 36 viajes). El porcentaje de atención al nido fue de 68,8 ± 15,4%. En general, nuestros resultados mostraron que C. stolzmanni presenta un pequeño tamaño de nidada y una baja atención al nido, típico de sus especies cercanas y otros passeriformes tropicales. Sin embargo, son necesarios más estudios que ayuden a comprender mejor los factores que contribuyen a las similitudes y diferencias del comportamiento de anidación entre las especies del genero Chlorothraupis.
OBSERVATIONS ON NESTING BEHAVIOR OF THE RUSTY‐WINGED BARBTAIL (PREMNORNIS GUTTULIGER)
Authors: Johnson Anne , Port Jeff , Greeney Harold 
Published: February 2023

Abstract ∙ Little is known of the nesting and parental care behaviors of the Rusty‐winged Barbtail (Premnornis guttuliger) and its congeners. A single Rusty‐winged Barbtail nest with two nestlings located in tropical montane forest was filmed for 230 hours near the Yanayacu Biological Station in Ecuador. Recording began 14 November and continued through 8 December 2009 before nestlings fledged. We report the first observations of incubation and feeding behavior by individual parents. Colored leg bands and molecular sexing of one parent allowed for identification of individuals and the sex of the attending adults. Average visit duration, average number of visits per hour per nestling, and fecal sac removal rate were quantified by video analysis. Adults visited the nest an average of 3.97 ± 0.657 (SE) times per hour per nestling for an average 3.88 ± 0.41 min across the nestling period. Both parents visited the nest with male visits being more frequent but no difference in average visit duration. An average of 1.77 ± 0.120 fecal sacs per hour were removed from the nest by parents. Behavior at the nest was similar to previous studies and did not indicate additional similarity between Premnornis and members of the Margarornis clade. Resumen ∙ Observaciones sobre comportamiento de nidificación del Subepalo Alirrojizo (Premnornis guttuliger) Los comportamientos de nidificación y cuidado parental del Subepalo Alirrojizo (Premnornis guttuliger) y sus congéneres son poco conocidos. Un nido del Subepalo Alirrojizo con dos pichones fue filmado durante 230 horas en un bosque nublado cerca de la estación biológica Yanayacu en Ecuador. La grabación se realizó entre el 14 de noviembre y el 8 de diciembre de 2009 antes de que los polluelos abandonaran el nido. Estas son las primeras observaciones de incubación y alimentación de los padres marcados de manera individual. Anillamos un individuo que fue sexado en base a análisis genéticos y nos permitió separar la contribución de cada sexo en el cuidado de los polluelos. La duración promedio de las visitas al nido y el número de visitas por hora por polluelo, y la tasa de remoción de sacos fecales fueron cuantificados por análisis de video. Los adultos visitaron el nido una media de 3,97 ± 0.657 (EE) veces por hora/polluelo y cada visita duró un promedio de 3,88 ± 0,41 min. Tanto el macho como la hembra visitaron el nido. No encontramos diferencias significativas entre macho y hembra en la duración de las visitas, pero el macho visitó el nido más frecuentemente. Un promedio de 1,77 ± 0.120 sacos fecales por hora fueron retirados del nido por los padres. El comportamiento de nidificación concuerda con estudios previos y no indica semejanzas adicionales entre Premnornis y miembros del grupo Margarornis.
TERRITORIALITY AND HOME RANGE OF THE RED‐LEGGED SERIEMA (CARIAMA CRISTATA)
Authors: De Souza Daniele Cipriano , Donizetti Vieira  Lucas , Castro Andre Luis da Silva 
Published: February 2023

Abstract ∙ Little is known about the ecology and biology of the Red‐legged Seriema (Cariama cristata), a large territorial South American bird. This study aimed to describe aspects of the home range and territoriality of C. cristata in an anthropized region of the Cerrado in the western central Brazil. Based on georeferenced observations, the Minimum Convex Polygon 100% (MCP) and Kernel density (95% and 50%) methods were used to construct home‐range maps for five family groups of C. cristata. The mean (± SD) home‐range sizes were estimated as 24.34 ± 13.31 ha (100% MCP), 20.13 ± 6.69 ha (fixed Kernel 95%) and 18.98 ± 7.64 ha (fixed Kernel 50%). There was little overlap among the home ranges of the different groups. Territorial defense observed included duetting vocalizations and agonistic encounters. We conclude that the home ranges of C. cristata have little overlap, and that the entire home range is treated as a territory and defended against intruders.Resumo ∙ Territorialidade e área de vida de Seriemas (Cariama cristata) Pouco é conhecido sobre a biologia e ecologia da Seriema (Cariama cristata), uma ave territorial da América do Sul e de grande porte. O presente estudo descreve aspectos da área de vida e territorialidade de C. cristata em uma região antropizada de Cerrado no Centro‐Oeste do Brasil. Baseado em observações georreferenciadas, os métodos do Mínimo Polígono Convexo (100% MPC) e Densidade de Kernel (95% e 50%) foram utilizados para construir os mapas de área de vida de cinco grupos familiares de C. cristata. O tamanho médio (± desvio padrão) das áreas de vida foram estimados em 24,34 ± 13,31 ha (100% MPC), 20,13 ± 6,69 ha (Kernel 95%) e 18,98 ± 7,64 ha (Kernel 50%). Houve pouca sobreposição das áreas de vida dos diferentes grupos. As defesas territoriais observadas incluíram vocalizações em dueto e encontros agonísticos. Concluímos que a área de vida de C. cristata tem pouca sobreposição e que toda a área de vida é defendida como território contra intrusos.
BREEDING OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN TERN (STERNA HIRUNDINACEA) ON ANCHORED BOATS IN COQUIMBO, NORTHERN CHILE
Authors: Portflitt-Toro Matias , Miranda-Urbina Diego , Fernández Claudia , Luna Nicolas , Serratosa Juan , Thiel Martin , Luna-Jorquera Guillermo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract · We report the breeding attempt of South American Terns (Sterna hirundinacea) on three boats in Coquimbo, northern Chile. The first breeding attempt was reported in winter 2011 where at least one chick fledged. From April to June 2015, all nests on the boats were monitored. We recorded eggs and chicks during May and early June. However, towards the end of June, no eggs or chicks were recorded in the nests, and a Chimango Caracara (Phalcoboenus chimango) was observed preying on chicks in one nest. In April and May 2017, breeding attempts on boats were also monitored and nests with eggs and one chick were recorded. However, at the end of May all nests were empty. This unusual nesting site for South American Terns is apparently regularly used in the area despite its virtually null breeding success. Resumen · Reproducción del Gaviotín Sudamericano (Sterna hirundinacea) en botes anclados en Coquimbo, norte de Chile Reportamos el intento de reproducción del Gaviotín Sudamericano (Sterna hirundinacea) sobre tres botes en Coquimbo, norte de Chile. Un primer intento de reproducción para esta zona se registró en invierno de 2011, donde al menos un pollo dejó un nido como volantón. Entre Abril y Junio de 2015 monitoreamos los nidos en los botes de manera más intensiva. Registramos huevos y pollos durante Mayo y principios de Junio. Sin embargo, a finales de Junio, no registramos huevos en los nidos y observamos un Tiuque (Phalcoboenus chimango) depredar sobre los pollos. En Abril y Mayo de 2017, monitoreamos otros intentos de reproducción y registramos un pollo y nidos con huevos. Sin embargo, a finales de Mayo, esos nidos estaban vacíos. Este inusual sitio de nidificación parece ser utilizado de forma recurrente por el Gaviotín Sudamericano, a pesar del aparente casi nulo éxito reproductivo.
FLOWER EATING BY THE TOCO TOUCAN (RAMPHASTOS TOCO) IN AN ANTHROPOGENIC LANDSCAPE DURING THE DRY SEASON
Authors: Silva Paulo Antonio 
Published: February 2023

Abstract · Toucans rarely feed on plant parts other than ripe fleshy fruits. Here, I report observations of flower exploitation by Toco Toucans (Ramphastos toco), in Sao Paulo state, Brazil. This toucan fed on the buds, floral tissues, whole flowers and nectar of seven plant species. I made the observations in a highly anthropogenic landscape, mostly at the height of the dry season, when the availability of ripe fleshy fruits declines in the area. The exploitation of flowers reported here is consistent with an opportunistic foraging habit in which toucans resort to eating flowers to obtain nutrients, energy, and water when ripe fleshy fruits are scarce. Resumo · Consumo de flores pelo Tucano Toco (Ramphastos toco) em uma paisagem antropogênica durante a estação seca Os tucanos raramente se alimentam de partes de plantas que não sejam frutos carnosos maduros. Aqui, eu reporto observações de exploração de flor pelo Tucano Toco (Ramphastos toco) no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Essa espécie de tucano se alimentou de botões, tecidos florais, flores inteiras e néctar de sete espécies de plantas. Eu fiz as observações em uma paisagem altamente antropogênica, principalmente no auge da estação seca, quando a disponibilidade de frutos carnosos maduros declina na área. A exploração de flores reportada aqui é consistente com um hábito alimentar oportunista em que os tucanos recorrem ao consumo de flores para obter nutrientes, energia e água quando frutos carnosos maduros são escassos.
DIVERSITY AND SEASONALITY OF BIRDS IN PERMANENT WATERHOLES IN THE PERUVIAN NORTHWEST
Authors: Davila Deborah C. , Sanchez Isai , Vallejos Jose , Vallejos Javier , Appleton Robyn D. , Piana Renzo P. 
Published: February 2023

In arid environments, the presence of water sources is key for biological communities as they provide a vital element that is scarce. In this study, we evaluated the diversity and the relative abundance of bird species in seven permanent waterholes, located along an elevational gradient in mountain dry forests in northwestern Peru. From January to December 2016, we analyzed 114,438 photos (22,888 photo events) obtained through camera traps, and counted bird species and individuals photographed at these waterholes. We measured how bird diversity and abundance varied between waterholes during the humid (January to May) and dry (June to December) seasons. In total, we made 4,137 detections of 35 bird species. Among these, 10 species were endemic to the Tumbesian area, including one that is glob- ally endangered (the White-Winged Guan, Penelope albipennis). 95% of detections in all waterholes corresponded to four species of pigeons/ doves (Columbidae). We also recorded two migratory species, including one that is uncommon in northwestern Peru (the Slaty Thrush, Tur- dus nigriceps). The number of bird detections during the dry season was almost two times higher than that during the humid season. We did not find any correlations between relative abundance/diversity at waterholes and elevation or distance to agricultural areas. We postulate that permanent waterholes are a key to bird species in the northwestern Peruvian dry forests and should be protected, since they provide a scarce resource to several range-restricted species, including one that is globally threatened.
La proximité dans la recherche participative
Authors: René Jean-François 
Published: February 2023

Cet article propose de réfléchir à la question de la proximité dans le cadre de recherches participatives réalisées en lien avec des pratiques, actions ou interventions sociales. Nous mettrons en lien cette proximité avec trois autres attributs propres à la recherche participative : la prise en compte des émotions ; la nécessaire reconnaissance des acteurs concernés ; et la réciprocité, vue comme une balise aux interactions entre partenaires qui partagent mutuellement expériences et expertises. Deux recherches terrain réalisées entre 2012 et 2018 serviront à étayer notre réflexion.
Socialisation genrée et maternité
Authors: Damant Dominique , Boulebsol Carole , Roy Valérie , Ledorze-Cloutier Geneviève , Tudeau Matis , Flynn Catherine 
Published: February 2023

Comment la socialisation genrée et la maternité se modulent-elles dans l’expérience des femmes ayant des comportements violents ? Voilà la question au centre de cet article. À partir d’une partie des résultats d’une recherche menée au Québec en 2016 utilisant un cadre féministe intersectionnel, nous analysons les trajectoires de 26 femmes qui se reconnaissaient comme ayant eu des comportements violents.
Disparities in COVID-19 incidence and fatality rates at high-altitude
Authors: Abbasi Bilal Ahmed , Chanana Neha , Palmo Tsering , Pasha Qadar 
Published: February 2023

Background
SARS-CoV-2 has affected every demography disproportionately, including even the native highland populations. Hypobaric-hypoxic settings at high-altitude (HA, >2,500 masl) present an extreme environment that impacts the survival of permanent residents, possibly including SARS-CoV-2. Conflicting hypotheses have been presented for COVID-19 incidence and fatality at HA.

Objectives
To evaluate protection or risk against COVID-19 incidence and fatality in humans under hypobaric-hypoxic environment of high-altitude (>2,501 masl).

Methods
Global COVID-19 data of March 2020-21, employed from official websites of the Indian Government, John Hopkins University, and Worldometer were clustered into 6 altitude categories. Clinical cofactors and comorbidities data were evaluated with COVID-19 incidence and fatality. Extensive comparisons and correlations using several statistical tools estimated the risk and protection.

Results
Of relevance, data analyses revealed four distinct responses, namely, partial risk, total risk, partial protection, and total protection from COVID-19 at high-altitude indicating a mixed baggage and complexity of the infection. Surprisingly, it included the countries within the same geographic region. Moreover, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes correlated significantly with COVID-19 incidence and fatality rate (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions
Varied patterns of protection and risk against COVID-19 incidence and fatality were observed among the high-altitude populations. It is though premature to generalize COVID-19 effects on any particular demography without further extensive studies.
RANK signaling in osteoclast precursors results in a more permissive epigenetic landscape and sexually divergent patterns of gene expression
Authors: Keever Abigail L. , Collins Kathryn M. , Clark Rachel A. , Framstad Amber L. , Ashley Jason W. 
Published: February 2023

Background
Sex is an important risk factor in the development of osteoporosis and other bone loss disorders, with women often demonstrating greater susceptibility than men. While variation in sex steroids, such as estradiol, accounts for much of the risk, there are likely additional non-endocrine factors at transcriptional and epigenetic levels that result in a higher rate of bone loss in women. Identification of these factors could improve risk assessment and therapies to preserve and improve bone health.

Methods
Osteoclast precursors were isolated male and female C57Bl/6 mice and cultured with either MCSF alone or MCSF and RANKL. Following the culture period RNA was isolated for RNA sequencing and DNA was isolated for tagmentation and ATAC sequencing. RNA-Seq and ATAC-seq were evaluated via pathway analysis to identify sex- and RANKL-differential transcription and chromatin accessibility.

Results
Osteoclasts demonstrated significant alterations in gene expression compared to macrophages with both shared and differential pathways between the sexes. Transcriptional pathways differentially regulated between male and female cells were associated with immunological functions with evidence of greater sensitivity in male macrophages and female osteoclasts. ATAC-Seq revealed a large increase in chromatin accessibility following RANKL treatment with few alterations attributable to sex. Comparison of RNA-Seq and ATAC-seq data revealed few common pathways suggesting that many of the transcriptional changes of osteoclastogenesis occur independently of chromatin remodeling.
Engineering a drug eluting ocular patch for delivery and sustained release of anti‐inflammatory therapeutics
Authors: Chen Xi , Gholizadeh Shima , Ghovvati Mahsa , Wang Ziqing , Jellen Marcus J. , Mostafavi Azadeh , Dana Reza , Annabi Nasim 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOcular inflammation is commonly associated with eye disease or injury. Effective and sustained ocular delivery of therapeutics remains a challenge due to the eye physiology and structural barriers. Herein, we engineered a photocrosslinkable adhesive patch (GelPatch) incorporated with micelles (MCs) loaded with loteprednol etabonate (LE) for delivery and sustained release of drug. The engineered drug loaded adhesive hydrogel, with controlled physical properties, provided a matrix with high adhesion to the ocular surfaces. The incorporation of MCs within the GelPatch enabled solubilization of LE and its sustained release within 15 days. In vitro studies showed that MC loaded GelPatch supported cell viability and growth. In addition, subcutaneous implantation of the MC loaded GelPatch in rats confirmed its in vivo biocompatibility and stability within 28 days. This non‐invasive, adhesive, and biocompatible drug eluting patch can be used as a matrix for the delivery and sustained release of hydrophobic drugs.
Effect of surface roughness on methane hydrate formation and its implications in nucleation design
Authors: Li Mengyang , Fan Shuanshi , Wang Yanhong , Lang Xuemei , Li Gang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs a new form of energy with substantial potential, natural gas hydrate will play a crucial strategic role in the future due to its vast reserves and broad industrial application prospects. To better comprehend the nucleation and growth mechanism of clathrate hydrate, an enhanced thermodynamic model was proposed based on the wall roughness model and nucleation theory. In general, we discovered that the nucleation of hydrate on a smooth wall surface conforms to the conclusion of classical nucleation theory. However, curvature and surface roughness are frequently characterized by hydrophilicity's inhibition of hydrate and hydrophobicity's enhancement. The specific situation is more complex and requires specific analysis and discussion. Nonetheless, this also explains the uneven distribution of hydrate nucleation induction time. Our research reveals a fundamental method for designing or manipulating the heterogeneous nucleation of hydrates. We foresee promising applications in hydrate‐related technologies based on the fractal structure of the substrate's surface.