bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electric field in APTD in nitrogen determined by EFISH, FNS/SPS ratio, α-fitting and electrical equivalent circuit model
Authors: Mrkvičková Martina , Kuthanová Lucia , Bílek Petr , Obrusník Adam , Navrátil Zdeněk , Dvořák Pavel , Adamovich Igor , Šimek Milan , Hoder Tomáš 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We investigate the electric field development in weak microseconds-lasting atmospheric pressure Townsend discharge operated in a barrier discharge arrangement in pure nitrogen. The electric field is determined using four different methods: laser-aided electric field induced second harmonics (EFISH), optical emission-based first negative/second positive systems (FNS/SPSs of molecular nitrogen) intensity ratio, electrical equivalent circuit approach and via determination of the Townsend first coefficient

α
(
E

/

N
)

from the spatial optical emission profile. The resulting values of the electric field obtained by these respective methods, regardless of the differences in absolute values, lie within a reasonable range. The limitations and advantages of all methods are discussed in detail for the investigated discharge. The EFISH measurements are supported by re-computation of the effective interaction-path of the laser using an electrostatic model. The FNS/SPS method provides systematically higher values compared to other methods. We discuss in detail the potential origin of this discrepancy, as this method is at the limit of its applicability due to the low E/N values and we also consider the impossibility of full verification of the underlying assumptions. The focused discussion addresses best-practice issues and identifies possible future steps to improve each of the four methods under given conditions.
Two instances of random access code in the quantum regime
Authors: Sakharwade Nitica , Studziński Michał , Eckstein Michał , Horodecki Paweł 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We consider two classes of quantum generalisations of random access code (RAC) and study the bounds for probabilities of success for such tasks. It provides a useful framework for the study of certain information processing tasks with constrained resources. The first class is based on a RAC with quantum inputs and output known as the no-signalling quantum RAC (NS-QRAC) box (Grudka et al 2015 Phys. Rev. A 92 052312), where unbounded entanglement and constrained classical communication are allowed. We show that it can be seen as quantum teleportation with constrained classical communication and provide a lower quantum bound for the success probability. We consider two modifications to the NS-QRAC scenario: the first, where unbounded entanglement and constrained quantum communication is allowed and the second, where bounded entanglement and unconstrained classical communication is allowed. We find a monogamy relation for the transmission fidelities, which—in contrast to the usual communication schemes—involves multiple senders and a single receiver. We provide an upper bounds for the latter and a lower one for the former. The second class is based on a RAC with a quantum channel and shared entanglement (Tavakoli et al 2021 PRX Quantum
2 040357). We study the set of tasks where two inputs made of two digits of d-base are encoded over a qudit and a maximally entangled state. We show that such tasks can be seen as quantum dense-coding with constrained quantum communication and explicit protocols, which give lower quantum bounds for the tasks’ efficiency, in dimensions

d
=
2
,
3
,
4

. The employed encoding utilises Gray codes.
Generation and manipulation of phonon lasering in a two-drive cavity magnomechanical system
Authors: Zhang Xiu-Yu , Cao Cong , Gao Yong-Pan , Fan Ling , Zhang Ru , Wang Chuan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A simple and feasible scheme for the generation and manipulation of phonon lasering is proposed and investigated based on a generic three-mode cavity magnomechanical system, in which a magnon mode couples simultaneously with a microwave cavity mode and a phonon mode. In sharp contrast to all previous phonon lasering schemes with only a single drive, the input pump field for the system in the proposed scheme is split into two microwave driving fields to drive the microwave cavity mode and the magnon mode, respectively. The impact of changing relative phase and relative amplitude ratio of the two microwave drives on mechanical gain, stimulated emitted phonon number, threshold power, and phonon emission line shape are theoretically and numerically investigated. The results indicate that the phonon laser action can be effectively controlled simply by adjusting the relative phase and relative amplitude ratio, so additional and tunable degrees of freedom are introduced to control the phonon laser. Considering the experimental feasibility of the generic cavity magnomechanical system and the two-drive approach, the present scheme provides a potentially practical route for the development of tunable phonon lasering devices with low-threshold, high-gain, and narrow-linewidth properties based on the platform of cavity magnomechanics.
Optimization of the structural, optical, and magnetic properties of sol-gel derived La3+ substituted nanostructured barium hexaferrites
Authors: Priya Om , Singh Rakesh Kumar , Bhushan Das Shashank , Kumar Vivek , Farozan Shama 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The M-type barium hexaferrites have been considered an impeding material for their use as microwave absorbers and storage devices. In present investigation, the La3+ substituted M-type BaFe12−xLaxO19, (where x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1) was prepared via a facile sol-gel process at 850 °C for 3 h. XRD confirmed the hexagonal crystal structure of La3+ substituted BaFe12O19 belonging to P63/mmc space group with the crystallite size in the range of 23.08–39.59 nm, which decreased with the increase in La3+ content. The Rietveld refinements displayed better goodness of fit (χ
2), which was observed between 1.20–1.90 for proper peak fitting. The W-H plot indicated the decrease in lattice strain (0.21 × 10–3–2.14 × 10−3) with the increase in La3+ contents. The SEM imaging revealed the agglomerations and estimated the average grain size in the range of 0.42–3.69 μm. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the bands in the range of 432–622 cm−1, which represents stretching and bending vibrations of metal oxide bonds. The tetrahedral site exhibited a higher force constant and lower bond length than the octahedral site in M-type barium hexaferrite. The photoluminescence spectroscopy demonstrated that a prominent peak of La3+ substituted BaFe12O19 near 481 nm, which falls under the visible range with strong blue emission and indicates the radiative defects present in the crystal. At room temperature, the magnetic measurements indicate that the coercivity (Hc) increased, but the saturation magnetization (Ms) and the retentivity (Mr) decreased with the increase in La3+ substitutions. The anisotropy constant (K) and Bohr magnetron number (nB) were also evaluated between 0.932 × 106−1.109 × 106 erg cm−3 and 10.28–11.68 μB, respectively. Hence, the unique photoluminescence and magnetic properties may be responsible for its application in the electronic industry, telecommunication, microwave engineering and storage devices etc.
Collisional dynamics of a few atom quantum system with tunable interaction
Authors: Singh Neha , Barad Ruhanshi , Shweta  , Kamalkant  , Choudhary Aditya , Majumder Prosenjit , Santra Bodhaditya 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The advent of single-atom trapping in optical tweezers and experimental evolution in control, isolation, and manipulation of cold atoms allows us to manifest the few-body physics and its connection with the many-body systems. In cold atom experiments, the universality of few-body physics is majorly governed by the scattering length which makes it an important parameter in determining theoretically calculated loss rates. Here, we numerically study the 3-body collisional dynamics for Cesium atoms using the atom loss model described by Born-Markov approximation. Using the Cs atoms provides us the freedom to vary the scattering length, a, as a function of the magnetic field through Feshbach resonances. We investigate the three-, two-, and one-particle processes in the repulsive interactions regime at different values for a. We find that the probability of one atom remaining in the trap is maximum at B = 26 G corresponding to a = 402.382a
0 and has the highest value amongst the probability of zero-, two-, and three-particle remaining in the trap at same magnetic field after the collision. Our findings leads to high fidelity single atom tweezers which have direct application in creating defect free arrays for quantum information processing purposes.
Diagonal canonical form of interval matrices and applications on dynamical systems
Authors: Surya S Hema , Nirmala T , Ganesan K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Finding the simplest form of a set of quantities is an important aspect of any branch of Mathematics. Of course, the simplest form or the canonical form as we often call it in mathematics, must possess all the important characteristics of the set of quantities. A real square matrix satisfying certain conditions can be brought to diagonal form which is its simplest form such that the diagonal form retains the eigenvalues, determinants, trace, rank, nullity,.. of the original matrix. Many computations with matrices become easier if one can diagonalize the matrices. In this article, we suggest an approach for diagonalizing interval matrices employing a novel methodology called the pairing technique, which will make it simpler and more effective to classify and investigate interval matrices. This is extremely useful because computations involving a diagonalizable matrix can often be reduced to much simpler computations involving the corresponding diagonal matrix. We also discuss two real world applications on planar systems and linear discrete dynamical systems.
Assessment of natural radioactivity and radiological hazards of soil collected from rabia town in nineveh governorate (North Iraq)
Authors: Wais Taha Yaseen , Ali Farah Nathim Mohammed , Najam Laith A , Mansour Howaide , Mostafa Mostafa Yuness Abdelfatah 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The effects of the environment on human exposure to radiation from naturally occurring radioactive elements have been investigated around the world. In the group of natural radionuclides under examination, the study’s objective is to ascertain the distribution, potential anthropogenic origins, and activity of the radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and their radiological risk parameters in twelve soil samples taken from Rabia town in Nineveh Governorate, North Iraq using NaI (Tl) detector. For the examined region, the activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K ranged from 4.79 ± 0.211 to 21.77 ± 0.675 Bq kg−1, 11.21 ± 0.942 to 33.57 ± 2.185 Bq kg−1, and 112.8 ± 32.074 to 312.2 ± 95.463 Bq kg−1, respectively. The estimated radiological hazard parameters for the examined samples included the absorbed dose rate (Dair), annual effective dose equivalent (AED), gamma-ray hazard index (I), and annual gonadal dose equivalent. Furthermore, the current work revealed the distribution of radionuclides and their relationships with the mineralogical composition. Based on obtained results, this soil is safe for the population living in the study area and can be used as a building material or for other human activities without posing any radiological danger.
Anisotropic magnetic and magnetotransport properties in morphologically distinct Nd0.6Sr0.4MnO3 thin films
Authors: R S Mrinaleni , Amaladass E P , Sathyanarayana A T , Amirthapandian S , P Jegadeesan , Gupta Pooja , Geetha Kumary T , Rai S K , Mani Awadhesh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We investigate the magnetic and magnetotransport properties of nanostructured Nd0.6Sr0.4MnO3 (NSMO) thin films grown on (100) oriented SrTiO3 (STO) substrates. The thin films of 100 nm thickness fabricated using the pulsed laser deposition technique possess two distinct surface morphologies—granular and nano-rod type. The morphological change present in the system significantly affects the magnetic and magnetotransport properties of the thin films. Magnetization measurements revealed that the films with rod-type morphology exhibit improved in-plane magnetic anisotropy. The colossal magnetoresistance (∆R/R(H = 0)) of the granular sample is ∼91 %, and the rod morphology sample is ∼97 % at 3 T magnetic field. Additionally, magnetotransport studies revealed that the granular thin films display a characteristic butterfly-shaped low-field magneto-resistive (LFMR) behavior with the value of LFMR of up to ∼10 %. Furthermore, it is observed that the thin film’s morphology has a significant effect on the anisotropic magnetoresistance ratio (AMR). Thin films with rod-type morphology show an enhanced AMR of ∼30 % around its metal-insulator transition temperature. Such morphology-dependent tunability in magnetoresistance properties over a wide temperature range is potentially interesting for developing oxide-based sensors and devices.
Pump power induced instability and hysteresis in an all-normal dispersion linear mode-locked fiber laser
Authors: Samanta Uttam Kumar , Chowdhury Sourav Das , Paul Mukul Ch 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this manuscript, experimental studies on the instability and hysteresis in an all-normal dispersion (ANDi) fiber laser have been presented. The laser was mode-locked by using a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror and a chirped fiber Bragg grating in linear cavity configuration and under the stable conditions it delivered stationary dissipative soliton pulses with characteristic rectangular-shaped steep-edged spectrum. With increasing the pump power, the laser transits to a non-stationary state with a near trapezoidal-shaped spectrum with significant temporal instabilities. The hysteresis associated with the state transition and variations in spectral characteristics has been studied including dispersive Fourier transform based analysis. Pump power induced state transition in an ANDi linear cavity with a physical saturable absorber without the influence of any physical polarization controller or apparent limitation due to spectral filtering is the key observation presented in this paper.
Virtual experiments for the assessment of data analysis and uncertainty quantification methods in scatterometry
Authors: Kok Gertjan , Dijk Marcel van , Wübbeler Gerd , Elster Clemens 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Geometrical dimensions in nanostructures can be determined through indirect optical measurements carried out by a scatterometer. This includes solving a non-linear regression task in which a physical model is fitted to the observed optical diffraction pattern. We developed a virtual experiment which produces simulated diffraction patterns in coherent Fourier scatterometry measurements including perturbations due to various error sources. We utilize this virtual experiment to assess the suitability of data analysis and uncertainty quantification methods employed in scatterometry. In addition to investigating relevant physical parameters we explore the impact of deviations between the regression model utilized for the analysis and the scatterometry model used to produce the virtual diffraction pattern. We choose coverage probabilities of interval estimates of the geometrical dimensions as the main metric for the assessment. One of our findings is that the discretization level, expressed as the number of retained Fourier orders, can be relaxed up to order 9 in our case study, which is relevant as calculation times strongly depend on this parameter. Another result is that the least-squares approach considered here for solving the regression task in combination with the propagation of variances yields uncertainties which have somewhat lower coverage probabilities than the envisaged 95%. It turned out that it was critically important to model the oxide layer in order to get proper estimates of the width, or ‘critical dimension’, of the sample, while the uncertainty of the side wall angle had the largest impact on the uncertainty of the measurands. Our findings can help establishing traceability of Fourier scatterometry and underline the usefulness of high-quality virtual experiments in connection with complex measurement principles. At the same time the presented case study can be seen as a generic approach that could be followed for assessing uncertainty quantifications in other applications as well.
Harvested winter rye energy cover crop: multiple benefits for North Central US
Authors: Malone Robert W , Radke Anna , Herbstritt Steph , Wu Huaiqing , Qi Zhiming , Emmett Bryan D , Helmers Matthew J , Schulte Lisa A , Feyereisen Gary W , O’Brien Peter L , Kovar John L , Rogovska Natalia , Kladivko Eileen J , Thorp Kelly R , Kaspar Tom C , Jaynes Dan B , Karlen Douglas L , Richard Tom L 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cover crops (CCs) can reduce nitrogen (N) loss to subsurface drainage and can be reimagined as bioenergy crops for renewable natural gas production and carbon (C) benefits (fossil fuel substitution and C storage). Little information is available on the large-scale adoption of winter rye for these purposes. To investigate the impacts in the North Central US, we used the Root Zone Water Quality Model to simulate corn-soybean rotations with and without winter rye across 40 sites. The simulations were interpolated across a five-state area (IA, IL, IN, MN, and OH) with counties in the Mississippi River basin, which consists of ∼8 million ha with potential for rye CCs on artificially drained corn-soybean fields (more than 63 million ha total). Harvesting fertilized rye CCs before soybean planting in this area can reduce N loads to the Gulf of Mexico by 27% relative to no CCs, and provide 18 million Mg yr−1 of biomass-equivalent to 0.21 EJ yr−1 of biogas energy content or 3.5 times the 2022 US cellulosic biofuel production. Capturing the CO2 in biogas from digesting rye in the region and sequestering it in underground geologic reservoirs could mitigate 7.5 million Mg CO2 yr−1. Nine clusters of counties (hotspots) were identified as an example of implementing rye as an energy CC on an industrial scale where 400 Gg yr−1 of rye could be sourced within a 121 km radius. Hotspots consisted of roughly 20% of the region’s area and could provide ∼50% of both the N loss reduction and rye biomass. These results suggest that large-scale energy CC adoption would substantially contribute to the goals of reducing N loads to the Gulf of Mexico, increasing bioenergy production, and providing C benefits.
Rationally-extended Dunkl oscillator on the line
Authors: Quesne C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
It is shown that the extensions of exactly-solvable quantum mechanical problems connected with the replacement of ordinary derivatives by Dunkl ones and with that of classical orthogonal polynomials by exceptional orthogonal ones can be easily combined. For such a purpose, the example of the Dunkl oscillator on the line is considered and three different types of rationally-extended Dunkl oscillators are constructed. The corresponding wavefunctions are expressed in terms of exceptional orthogonal generalized Hermite polynomials, defined in terms of the three different types of X

m
-Laguerre exceptional orthogonal polynomials. Furthermore, the extended Dunkl oscillator Hamiltonians are shown to be expressible in terms of some extended Dunkl derivatives and some anharmonic oscillator potentials.
Influence of contact angle on droplet parameters in ellipsoidal wettability model
Authors: Xu Zehua , Zhang Yanbin , Wang Xiaosen , Li Kangshuai , He Qiang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Contact angle is one of the most important indexes to evaluate the hydrophobicity of solid surface. In order to explore the wetting characteristics of droplets on anisotropic solid surfaces, including contact angle, droplet radius, droplet height, contact radius, contact area and projected area, an ellipsoidal droplet contact angle model was established. Different from the ordinary plane ellipsoidal cap model, the major axis and minor axis of the elliptical cap shape in this model are not exactly the same in different planes. This model studied the relationship between contact angle and interface parameters in different planes. By collecting the droplet size parameters of fluororubber (FKM) prepared by template method, the correctness of the theoretical model was verified. Among them, the maximum error between the theoretical value of droplet radius and the actual measured value was 4.3%, and the maximum error of droplet projected area was 2.1%. It was found that the contact angle was inversely proportional to the droplet-solid contact radius and contact area, and directly proportional to the projected area of the droplet. In addition, for the same droplet on the surface of the same solid material, it was observed that the contact radius between the droplet and the solid was small in the direction of large contact angle. This discovery is helpful to explain the hydrophobic mechanism of the material surface with anisotropic contact angle.
Temperature annealing dependence of structural, magnetic, and antibacterial properties of silver substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles produced by coprecipitation route
Authors: Riyatun  , Kusumaningsih Triana , Supriyanto Agus , Purnama Budi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this study, silver-substituted cobalt ferrite (Ag0.02Co0.98Fe2O4) nanoparticles were successfully sensitized by the coprecipitation method. Annealing temperature treatment was used to modify the physical properties, i.e., 200 °C, 300 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C. XRD analysis showed an increase in the annealing temperature, the crystallite size increased from 19.78 to 24.11 nm, and the grain size increased from 54.75 to 61.39 nm. The FTIR spectrum showed two prominent absorption bands around k ∼577 and k ∼381 cm−1, allowing metal oxide absorption in the tetrahedral and octahedral sites. There is a redistribution of cations which is more significant at the tetrahedral sites than at octahedral sites, toward a perfect spinel structure. An increased annealing temperature increased the saturation magnetization and coercive field from 31.80 to 50.60 emu g−1 and 651 to 1,077 Oe, respectively, attributable to an increase in the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant. The evaluation of S. aureus and E. coli showed that Ag0.02Co0.98Fe2O4 indicated the zone of inhibition (ZOI) around the disks due to its antibacterial properties. The most significant on S.aureus and E.coli were 12.73 mm (mortality of 88%) and 12.43 mm (mortality of 80%), respectively, for Ag0.02Co0.98Fe2O4 annealed at 200 °C that have the minor grain size materials.
EEG recognition model based on wavelet packet decomposition and ConvNet for art design decisions
Authors: Yang Bokai , Liao Jianxin , Yang Jingmin , Zhang Wenjie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Aiming at the subjective and unquantifiable problems in art design decisions, using EEG (electroencephalogram) to explain individual behavior is an effective solution. However, the accuracy of the traditional method is lower because of the complexity of EEG. Therefore, we propose the WPD-ConvNet recognition model based on wavelet packet decomposition and convolutional networks to enhance the recognition accuracy of EEG. First, subjects wear brain electrode caps to watch four art designs with different styles and need to make decisions. The EEG is collected during this process. Then, we use the WPD to obtain the features of EEG signals from the decomposed optimal subband nodes. Compared with FFT, WPD divides the frequency band through multiple levels to obtain more EEG time-frequency features related to art design decisions. Finally, we construct an convolutional neural network to identify these features. The experimental results show that our proposed EEG recognition model can achieve an accuracy of 88.7%, which is about 10% higher than others.