bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoglycemic Activity of Endophytic Extract of Senna Alata in STZ-Induced Diabetic Mice Model
Authors: Nwankwo Ogechukwu Lucy , Bunu Samuel J. , Aziakpono Omoirri Moses 
Published: August 2023

Background:Senna alatabelongs to the Senna family and is known to contain several bioactive constituents that contribute to its therapeutic properties. A variety of medicinal and pharmacological effects have been reported, including antidiabetic, antiasthma, anthelmintic, and antiplasmodium infection effects.Objectives:The goal of the study was to determine whether the extract ofS. alatacan reduce blood sugar levels in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.Materials and Methods:S. alataleaves were collected from the Department of Botany, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria, authenticated, and validated. Phytochemical screening was conducted. Specifically, leaf blades were extracted in 70% ethanol for 3 min, transferred to 500 ml of water for 5 min, then cut into small pieces, and then inoculated onto malt extract agar, and local rice was used to inoculate the fermentation medium. 25 male albino mice of 30–35 g weight, average weight of 30–35 g were used in the study. Streptozotocin (STZ; 65 mg/kg) was injected intravenously to induce type 2 diabetes.Results:The crude extract significantly (P< 0.05) reduced the fasting blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic mice. The two doses (250 and 500 mg/kg) of the ethanol extract and metformin 500 mg/kg caused a significant (P< 0.05) reduction in the fasting blood glucose levels from 0 h to the 10thh of treatment. The extract displayed a dose-related reduction in blood sugar level concerning time. The highest reduction rate was found in 500 mg/kg 409.66 ± 1.92. The fasting blood glucose reduction was dose-dependent. The highest reduction rate was found in 500 mg/kg 80.00 ± 4.00 (80.47%) being the highest dose so far. There was a reduction in the bodyweight of the animals induced with STZ.Conclusion:The endophytic extract ofS. alatadisplayed useful pharmacological properties and can be used to manage diabetes and its complications.
A Study on Association of Iron Deficiency and Gall Stones in Cholelithiasis Patients
Authors: Punnoose Stephen K. , Kailasanadhan Sakaran Nair 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Iron has been shown to have a significant association with gall stones as iron deficiency causes stasis of gall bladder due to the low production of nitric oxide. Reduction of risk factors can prove to go a long way including reducing surgeries for gall stones and associated disorders including pancreatitis, which is associated with morbidity for the patient.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to find the association between iron deficiency and gall stone disease.

Materials and Methods:
This was a case–control study in which the patients who underwent ultrasound abdomen in the general surgery department were divided into two groups, one with gallbladder stones (103) and second without gallbladder stones (52) subjects. They were subjected to serum ferritin and serum iron level estimation. The biochemical parameter used as principle maker was iron, and then ferritin was also analysed. Data were compiled into MS excel and was analysed with SPSS.

Results:
36.9% of cases had Iron less than the normal value compared to 7.7% of controls with significant P value. Among the subjects with low iron, 90.5% of the subjects had gall stone disease compared to subjects with normal serum iron value with significant P value.

Conclusion:
We found a significant association between iron deficiency and development of gallbladder stones. Accordingly, correction of iron may help in the curbing of gall stone disease as it is found to be a factor associated with gall stone disease.
Prognostic Factors Related to Delayed Healing in Venous Leg Ulcers Treated with Four-Layer Compression Bandaging
Authors: Vineeth Sasidharan , Samuel Sanju , Pillai Anoop Vasudevan , Ramachandran Riju , Bhaskaran Renjitha 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Four-layer compression bandage is found to be very effective in healing most venous ulcers. Various causes have been suggested in the literature for delay in healing despite compression. However, Indian literature on venous ulcers, compression bandage and prognostic factors for healing of venous leg ulcers (VLUs) are lacking. This study was a prospective observational study on a cohort of patients with VLU treated with four-layer compression bandage, to assess prognostic factors causing delay in the healing process.

Subjects and Methods:
After obtaining approval from the institutional review board, all patients with VLUs treated using four-layer compression bandage in the department of general surgery from October 2018 to October 2020 were included in the study. Age, gender, body mass index (BMI), waist–hip ratio, duplex/Doppler findings, culture and sensitivity report of swab taken at the time of first visit and ulcer healing time were recorded. To test the significant association of categorical variables between groups, Chi-square test with continuity correction was applied.

Results:
There were 150 patients included in the study. Ulcer healed completely in 101 patients, and there was delay/non-healing in 49 (32.7%) patients. Ulcer was more common in male patients and those above 45 years of age (mean age: 57.0200 ± 8.86 years). Female gender had a better prognosis. BMI > 25 (P = 0.04); infection with Pseudomonas (P = 0.001), staphylococci (P = 0.001) and Klebsiella and saphenopopliteal junction (SPJ) incompetence (P = 0.001) adversely affected healing of VLUs.

Conclusion:
Compression bandage significantly improves wound healing in VLUs. Female gender, obesity, SPJ incompetence and secondary infections are independent risk factors for delayed healing in VLUs.
Comparison of KRAS gene in circulating tumor DNA levels vs histological grading of colorectal cancer patients through liquid biopsy
Authors: Jafri Hafiz Syed Mohammad Osama , Mushtaq Shamim , Baig Saeeda , Bhatty Afreen , Siraj Sabra 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background:
To determine KRAS gene in circulating tumor DNA in comparison with histological grading through liquid biopsy in colorectal cancer patients.

Methods:
This dual-centered cross-sectional study included 73 diagnosed patients of colorectal cancer at different grading levels [Grade I, well differentiated (n = 7, 9.5%); Grade II, moderately differentiated (n = 14,18.9%); and Grade III, poorly differentiated (n = 52, 70%)]. Blood was collected, and plasma was separated. ctDNA was extracted, using magnetic bead-based technique (MagMAX Cell-Free DNA kit). KRAS gene was quantified through qPCR. STRING database was used to find KRAS interactomes.

Results:
Mean threshold cycle (CT value) of KRAS gene in Grade III samples showed significantly higher (P = 0.001) levels of ctDNA (2.7 ± 1.14) compared with Grade II and Grade I (3.1 ± 0.68, 2.3 ± 0.60), respectively. Grading characterization showed that rectal cancer (n = 22, 42.3%) with Grade III (68.8%) was more prevalent than colon and sigmoid cancer (n = 19, 36.5%, n = 11, 21%, respectively). STRING database showed 10 functional genes interacting with KRAS expressed as gene/proteins.

Conclusion:
Liquid biopsy can be used to detect ctDNA in plasma of CRC patients and enabled to detect the KRAS gene by qPCR. The technique being less invasive and cost-effective is convenient for multiple biopsies in different cancers.
Editorial - From the campus to the classroom: University philosophy outreach programs
Authors: Hand Michael , Gatley Jane 
Published: August 2023

University philosophy outreach programs are proliferating. On campuses across the world, students and staff are taking philosophy out to the wider community, and especially to children and young people in schools. Their mission is to engage the public in philosophical discussion and to make a notoriously abstract and arcane subject accessible, meaningful and useful.
As yet, there is little published research on these programs. They give rise to two clusters of questions deserving of scholarly attention. First, there are questions about the rationale for philosophy outreach. What is the purpose of taking philosophy into the community? What are the intended benefits of these programs, to the children and young people who participate in them, to the students and staff who lead them, to society at large, or to the discipline of philosophy itself? How do these aims inform the selection of philosophical topics, texts, tools and techniques? The second group of questions have to do with the success of philosophy outreach. What attempts have been made to evaluate these programs and their outcomes? Do they, in fact, yield the benefits intended by those who design and deliver them? Are there any drawbacks to participation, or benefits other than the intended ones? What challenges (financial, institutional, pedagogical, psychological) have been encountered by those engaged in philosophy outreach and how have they been overcome?
These are the questions that animate this double special issue on university philosophy outreach programs. The tremendously positive response we received to our call for papers, from contributors in Europe, North America and Australasia, confirms our impression that these questions are ripe for scholarly attention. Here, in Issue 10(1) we present the first tranche of papers; the next tranche will follow later this year, in Issue 10(2).
Tire Wear and Pollutants: An Overview of Research
Authors: Ly Alfonse , El-Sayegh Zeinab 
Published: August 2023

Tire Road and Wear Particles are a major source of microplastic emissions. Tire and Road Wear Particles are important to study and understand as there are alarming amounts found in various environments. Currently, Tire and Road Wear Particles compared to other microplastics are not studied as rigorously in literature but are becoming a larger field of study due to their impact on emissions control. Tire Road and Wear Particles are commonly found as Styrene Butadiene Rubber Butadiene Rubber, and Natural Rubber To understand and quantify tire wear, experimental and mathematical models are developed to estimate tire wear. Tire wear can be measured experimentally using semi-empirical models, predetermined data, and sensor technologies. Tire wear is also measured mathematically using different modeling approaches and different friction models. This review discusses different and popular methodologies for estimating tire wear through experimental and simulated environments. Furthermore, discusses a review of the literature regarding tire wear emissions and its impact on the environment. Finally, it is evident that an accurate simulated tire wear model can be developed in the future alongside a driver model to predict tire wear emissions.

Received: 6 July 2023 | Revised: 9 August 2023 | Accepted: 10 August 2023

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest in this work.
Interventions for Developing Positive Mental Health in Autistic Individuals (2013–2021)
Authors: Patten Kristie , Murthi Kavitha , Chen Yu-Lun , Onwumere Dora , Shore Stephen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Systematic Review Briefs provide a summary of the findings from systematic reviews developed in conjunction with the American Occupational Therapy Association’s Evidence-Based Practice Program. Each systematic review brief summarizes the evidence on a theme related to a systematic review topic. This systematic review brief presents findings to support or improve positive mental health for autistic1 individuals.
MUCOSITE ORAL EM PACIENTES TRANSPLANTADOS DE MEDULA ÓSSEA
Authors: Reis Jeanderson Sobrinho dos , Santos Mara Késsia Sousa , Yamashita Ricardo Kiyoshi 
Published: August 2023

O transplante de medula óssea (TMO) é uma alternativa terapêutica amplamente usada em pacientes portadores de doenças do sistema hematopoético, podendo melhor a qualidade de vida ou até mesmo a cura da doença. Porém tal procedimento acarreta diversas alterações orais como efeito colateral tais como : xerostomia (sensação de boca seca), alteração paladar, cáries, mucosite oral, infecção fúngica, leucoplasia pilosa, infecção herpética, alterações gengivais entre outros. O presente artigo teve como objetivo descrever por meio de revisão de literatura a complicação da mucosite oral em pacientes submetidos ao transplante de medula óssea (TMO), notando-se a extrema importância do cirurgião dentista no corpo clínico afim de tratamento, prevenção e acompanhamento de alterações.
Global urban fractional changes at a 1 km resolution throughout 2100 under eight scenarios of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs)
Authors: He Wanru , Li Xuecao , Zhou Yuyu , Shi Zitong , Yu Guojiang , Hu Tengyun , Wang Yixuan , Huang Jianxi , Bai Tiecheng , Sun Zhongchang , Liu Xiaoping , Gong Peng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract. The information of global spatially explicit urban extents under scenarios is important to mitigate future environmental risks caused by global
urbanization and climate change. Although future dynamics of urban extent were commonly modeled with conversion from non-urban to urban extent using
cellular-automata (CA)-based models, gradual changes of impervious surface area (ISA) at the pixel level were limitedly explored in previous
studies. In this paper, we developed a global dataset of urban fractional changes at a 1 km resolution from 2020 to 2100 (5-year interval),
under eight scenarios of socioeconomic pathways and climate change. First, to quantify the gradual change of ISA within the pixel, we characterized
ISA growth patterns over the past decades (i.e., 1985–2015) using a sigmoid growth model and annual global artificial impervious area (GAIA)
data. Then, by incorporating the ISA-based growth mechanism with the CA model, we calibrated the state-specific urban CA model with quantitative
evaluation at the global scale. Finally, we projected future urban fractional changes at 1 km resolution under eight development pathways
based on the harmonized urban growth demand from Land Use Harmonization2 (LUH2). The evaluation results show that the ISA-based urban CA model
performs well globally, with an overall R2 of 0.9 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.08 between modeled and observed ISAs in 2015. With
the inclusion of temporal contexts of urban sprawl gained from GAIA, the dataset of global urban fractional change shows good agreement with 30-year
historical observations from satellites. The dataset can capture spatially explicit variations of ISA and gradual ISA change within pixels. The
dataset of global urban fractional change is of great use in supporting quantitative analysis of urbanization-induced ecological and environmental
change at a fine scale, such as urban heat islands, energy consumption, and human–nature interactions in the urban system. The developed dataset of
global urban fractional change is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.20391117.v4 (He et al., 2022).
Rural Water Supply Systems in Nepal: Factors Affecting Equitable Access to Water
Authors: Raut Manita , Rajouria Alok 
Published: August 2023

Issues of gender and social inclusion in the governance mechanism of rural water supply systems have been a major concern of users, policymakers, and practitioners in Nepal. Amid changing livelihood context due to migration, transition to a federal governance structure, and social hierarchies, communities face persistent inequities in access to safe water, while its supply continues to diminish. In this context, increasing competition for water has in many instances resulted in the fulfillment of water needs of some groups, while compromising the water needs of others. In such instances, it is usually the poor and marginalized groups who are disproportionately affected. Moreover, understanding the factors affecting equitable access to an adequate supply of water now particularly after Nepal’s entry into the new federal governance system, and COVID-19 pandemic is paramount.
Based on the learnings of 3-year research project that seeks to understand the role of gender and power dynamics in the functionality of community water systems, this paper will provide insights on collective water management practices. A mix of qualitative inquiries such as focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, social and institutional mapping, and observation were utilized to collect the data. This paper will present evidence from the project sites highlighting how community institutions are managing the supply and distribution of water particularly by discussing factors influencing equitable water supply.
Forming Policy Intellectuals in the Asia Pacific and Africa: Communication Policy Research South, 2006–2018
Authors: Samarajiva Rohan , Gamage Sujata N. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Knowledgeable and motivated policy intellectuals are needed for effective information and communication technology policy and regulation. This article describes a Telecommunication Policy Research Conference (TPRC)–influenced conference and training program intended to develop such policy intellectuals in the Asia Pacific and Africa, which began in 2006 and ended in 2018. It was unique in emphasizing the development of junior scholars. Evidence of research and policy engagement from tracer surveys is presented. The causes of the brevity of CPRsouth’s existence are analyzed in relation to EuroCPR and TPRC using a model of knowledge network evolution, including the role of external “subsidies” and the mismatch between potential funders and the scope of the activity.
“Through a Glass, Darkly”: Paradise Lost and Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians
Authors: Selmer Aidan 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
To an extent unnoticed in previous scholarship, Milton frequently engages passages from Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians in De Doctrina Christiana and Paradise Lost. This is attested not only in the exegesis that Milton undertakes in both works but also in Milton’s personal King James Bible in which a marginal annotation records his preference to translate Paul’s reference to seeing “through a glass, darkly” as “in a riddle” (1 Cor. 13:12). This essay argues that Milton’s wrestling with Pauline scripture during the composition of De Doctrina Christiana helps to explicate his recurring citation of 1 Corinthians 15:24–28 in Paradise Lost. In the poem’s scenes of heavenly council, God the Father and the Son predict—repeatedly, and without theological consensus—the apocalyptic state that Paul describes. This begets a Miltonic poetic style that conforms to Paul’s concept of divine mystery, or spiritual truth known imperfectly.
Milton and the Uses of Stupidity
Authors: Peters Jason S. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
When we call someone or something “stupid,” it is an insult. So, when Milton’s narrator in Paradise Lost says Satan is momentarily rendered “stupidly good” at the sight of Eve, we read it the same way: the devil’s brief redemption is downplayed while his stupidity is emphasized. This essay argues that privileging rational human agency and virtuous freedom over more aesthetic and potentially “stupid” forms of wonder makes it hard to recognize the unsettling relation between Satan’s experience and the intellectual innocence that was prized by experimentalists such as Francis Bacon. It also suggests that Milton’s reflections on stupidity offer a helpful way to think about literary criticism; far from being a bad thing, Satan’s stupidity is a form of innocence that emerges from skepticism and critique—a kind of astonishment that brings us face to face with our own limits, not only as readers and students, but also as scholars and teachers.
Retrospective Comparison of Percutaneous Forceps Dilatation Tracheostomy and Conventional Surgical Tracheostomy
Authors: UÇKUN Serkan , DEMİR Füsun , UGÜN Fatih , KOCAOĞLU Nazan , SAĞIR Özlem , KÖROĞLU Ahmet 
Published: August 2023

Retrospective Comparison of Percutaneous Forceps Dilatation Tracheostomy and Conventional Surgical Tracheostomy
INTRODUCTION AND AIM: We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the early complications of conventional surgical and percutaneous forceps dilatation tracheostomies in ICU patients. MATERIAL and METHODS: Electronic records of ICU patients hospitalized in our unit between 2019 and 2022 were retrospectively scanned. Demographic data, the tracheostomy tecnique and early complications related to the procedure were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 64 patients underwent a tracheostomy in our ICU. 34 (53.2%) patients underwent conventional surgical tracheostomy (CST) and 30 (46.8 %) patients underwent percutaneous forceps dilatation tracheostomy (PFDT). The mean age of the patients was 73.30±14.45 y, and 29 (45.31%) patients were male. The mean length of intubation before the procedure was 19.36±7.76 days, it was significantly longer in the CST group (21.74±9.34 days) compared to the PFDT group (16.67±7.31 days) (p=0.02).Early complications occured in 7 patients (20.58%) in the CST, and in 5 patients (16.66%) in the PFDT group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We believe that in carefully selected and prepared patients, the rate of early complications of PFDT is similar to CST when it is applied by experienced physicians. KEYWORDS: intensive care, percutaneous tracheostomy, complications
Evaluation of total tumor volume reduction ratio in initially unresectable colorectal liver metastases after first line treatment
Authors: Al terkawi Madian Mohamed 
Published: August 2023

Background: Total tumour volume is predictive factor for hepatic resection in some solid tumours, but its significance in colorectal liver metastases has not been fully investigated. liver is most frequent location of distant metastasis for colorectal cancer, which is 1 of most common cancers to cause cancer-related deaths globally. For colorectal liver metastases, hepatic resection is widely recognized as most effective therapy & only possibly curative operation. assessment of tumour burden can depend significantly on total tumour volume. Aim: In this review, we sought to assess the total tumour volume decrease ratio in colorectal liver metastases that were initially unresectable following 1st-line therapy, Summary: After receiving 1st-line systemic therapy, decreased ratio of TTV had been reliable predictor of conversion result & long-term prognosis in studied cases with originally unresectable CRLM.
Criminal procedural aspects of the activities of departments (groups) special accounting of pre-trial detention centers and prisons
Authors: Диваев А.Б. 
Published: August 2023

Деятельность уголовно-исполнительной системы, при всей ее специфичности, в определенной части соприкасается с уголовно-процессуальной деятельностью. Где-то, в какой-то части эта связь носит прямой характер, когда органы и учреждения уголовно-исполнительной системы являются непосредственными участниками уголовно-процессуальных производств. В другой же эта связь не является столь очевидной. Здесь подразделения учреждений этой системы и их сотрудники, не являясь участниками таких производств, все же становятся субъектами уголовно-процессуальных отношений. Данная статья посвящена уголовно-процессуальным аспектам деятельности именно таких подразделений — отделов и групп специального учета следственных изоляторов и тюрем.
The activity of the penal enforcement system, with all its specificity, in a certain part comes into contact with criminal procedural activity. Somewhere, in some part, this connection is direct, when the bodies and institutions of the penal enforcement system are direct participants in criminal procedural proceedings. On the other hand, this connection is not so obvious. Here, divisions of institutions of this system and their employees, not being participants in such proceedings, nevertheless become subjects of criminal procedural relations. This article is devoted to the criminal procedural aspects of the activities of such divisions — departments and groups of special accounting of pre–trial detention centers and prisons.