bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the use cases of a novel heat battery in Dutch residential buildings
Authors: Wang Shuwei , Hoes Pieter-Jan , Hensen Jan L. M. , Adan Olaf C. G. , Donkers Pim A. J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecent advances in thermochemical storage technology have introduced a novel closed-loop thermal energy storage (TES) system, known as the heat battery (HB), which is believed to have great potential for aiding the energy transition in the built environment because of its higher energy density and neglectable storage loss compared to conventional TES systems. In order to investigate the potential use cases of the HB and provide practical feedback for its further development, this research employs a simulation-based approach to analyze its influence on building performance in various use cases within Dutch residential buildings. Stakeholders including the homeowner, distribution system operator, and district heating system operator are identified, and a preliminary list of use cases is defined based on relevant literature and input from the HB developer. The simulation approach is conducted to predict key performance indicators for each stakeholder. The Kruskal-Wallis test was employed to sort and scrutinize the simulation outcomes and discern the significance of each use case element. The findings demonstrated that the HB holds the potential to diminish both the operational energy cost by up to 30% for the homeowners and the peak heating load transmitted from the building to the district heating system.
Biochemical composition and bioactivity of the crude extract of Sargassum dentifolium (Turner) C. Agardh, of Western Coast of the Red Sea, Hurghada, Egypt
Authors: Helal Muhamed A. , El-Gamal Ahmed D. , Elhela Atef A. , El-Belely Ehab F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study evaluated the biochemical composition and bioactivity of the crude extract of Sargassum dentifolium on the western coast of the Red Sea, Hurghada, Egypt. The biomass contained approximately 25.80% of total carbohydrates, and 8.40% of total protein, while lipids constitute about 2% of the total dry weight which is consistent with the low lipid content typically found in seaweeds. S. dentifolium also produces volatile and non-volatile compounds as part of its metabolic processes. The most abundant volatile compound identified was phytol, which has various industrial and pharmaceutical applications. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were the most frequently detected non-volatile compounds, with palmitic acid being the most common. The total phenolic content was 50.6 mg g−1 (5.06%), and the total flavonoid content was 33.9 mg g−1 (3.39%) of the total dry-weight extract. S. dentifolium extract demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, with radical scavenging properties and phenolic content that may contribute to its antioxidant efficacy. It also showed cytotoxic activity against cancer cells, particularly human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG2) and human colon carcinoma (HCT-116) cells, indicating their potential as a source of anti-cancer agents. However, the extract exhibited moderate to weak antiviral activity and limited antimicrobial activity against specific microorganisms. This research could contribute to the development of new functional macroalgae-based food or nutraceutical products with potential health benefits.
The location of the permanent mandibular canine as identified in orthopantomograms from children younger than 5 years of age: a case series study
Authors: Kjær I. , Svanholt M. , Svanholt P. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Aim
The aim of this case series study is to describe where the crowns of the permanent mandibular canines are located in early childhood in relation to the preceding primary canines.

Materials and methods
From a sample of 31 orthopantomograms from children, younger than 5 years of age, the location of the mandibular canines was analysed by visual inspection. The radiographs were taken due to different deviations in the dentition and forwarded during a period of 28 years for elucidating different diagnostic questions. From an embryological point of view, the primary canine was considered as a stable structure in the jawbone. A longitudinal axis through the primary canine was named the canine axis. The initial site of the permanent crown was the site, where the permanent lamina “placed” the tooth bud for final development. A normal site was determined when the canine axis passed though the permanent crown and a pathological site was determined when this did not happen.

Results
Normal sites for the permanent crowns were observed in 19 cases and abnormal sites in 8 cases. In four cases, the interrelationship between the canine axis and the permanent crown could not be decided. The study demonstrated that the tooth germ for the permanent canine can start initial formation misplaced distally or mesially to the preceding primary tooth.

Conclusion
The study demonstrates different malpositions of the initial crowns of the permanent mandibular canines in children younger than 5 years of age. The results are considered of importance for future understanding of the aetiology behind ectopic mandibular canines.
A brief review of tribological properties for black phosphorus
Authors: Lv Fanfan , Wang Wei , Li Jinjin , Gao Yuan , Wang Kuaishe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP) is a new class of two-dimensional (2D) layered material, which shows the unanticipated characteristics in many aspects including electronics, transistors, sensors, energy storage, batteries, photocatalysis, and other applications due to its high charge carrier mobility, tunable direct bandgap, and unique in-plane anisotropic structure. In addition, BP has drawn tremendous attention in the field of tribology due to the low shear strength, the layered structure, and the weak connected force between the layers by van der Waals interaction. In recent years, many significant progresses have been made in experimental studies on BP materials as solid lubricants or lubrication additives. This work offers a review of researching regarding the tribological properties of BP. Moreover, the lubrication mechanisms of BP as the lubrication additive including the formation of the tribo-film, micro-bearing effect, and self-repair performance are also summarized. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of BP material as lubricant are proposed.
Tribological properties of low-temperature time-dependent pretreated graphite for mechanical seal pairs in high-speed turbopump
Authors: Zhao Yangyang , Zhang Guoyuan , Wang Junqian , Wang He , Zhao Weigang , Zeng Qunfeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe friction coefficient and wear rate of pretreated graphite with liquid nitrogen were obtained by using a ball-on-disk tester, and the wear of GCr15–graphite seal pairs with the low-temperature time-dependent pretreatment was discussed by comparing the wear morphology. The results show that liquid nitrogen pretreatment can affect the hardness and interlayer spacing of graphite. The range of the friction coefficients of pretreated graphite changes from 0.17 to 0.22. With the increase of liquid nitrogen pretreatment time, the wear mechanism of graphite would change from dominated three-body wear to adhesion wear. The experimental results of the mechanical seal with liquid nitrogen pretreatment show that the wear rate of stator is less than 0.00165 mm3·N−1·m−1, and the graphite shows a good low-temperature compatibility.
Approximate contact solutions for non-axisymmetric homogeneous and power-law graded elastic bodies: A practical tool for design engineers and tribologists
Authors: Popov Valentin L. , Li Qiang , Willert Emanuel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn two recent papers, approximate solutions for compact non-axisymmetric contact problems of homogeneous and power-law graded elastic bodies have been suggested, which provide explicit analytical relations for the force–approach relation, the size and the shape of the contact area, as well as for the pressure distribution therein. These solutions were derived for profiles, which only slightly deviate from the axisymmetric shape. In the present paper, they undergo an extensive testing and validation by comparison of solutions with a great variety of profile shapes with numerical solutions obtained by the fast Fourier transform (FFT)-assisted boundary element method (BEM). Examples are given with quite significant deviations from axial symmetry and show surprisingly good agreement with numerical solutions.
The Danish problem
Authors: Eichengreen Barry 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSpecialists in international finance have long been impressed by the fragility of currency pegs. Yet the National Bank of Denmark has been able to maintain the krone’s peg to the euro since the euro came into existence in 1999, and the krone’s peg to the Deutschmark and SDR for 17 years before that. This paper considers a series of hypotheses that may help to account for the exceptional nature of this case. None of these explanations is entirely satisfactory, but collectively they go some way toward explaining the Danish exception.
The Special Criminal Court and the challenge of criminal accountability in the Central African Republic
Authors: Ndiyun Robert Kosho 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStates which encounter massive human rights violations usually implement various mechanisms of achieving accountability. There exists documented evidence of conflict-related international crimes in the Central African Republic (CAR). Still, the perpetrators enjoy impunity as no appropriate measures were adopted to guarantee criminal accountability. The Special Criminal Court (SCC) was established in the CAR in 2015 as a hybrid criminal accountability mechanism. This article with the aid of a qualitative method and a narrative approach aims at investigating the activities of the SCC in the fight against the culture of impunity in a country experiencing persistent human rights violations. As conflict and impunity persist in the socially and politically unstable CAR, a comprehensive synopsis of the SCC and a preliminary assessment of the court and its challenges seven years after creation constitute a domain of investigation that urgently requires a deeper investigation to halt impunity, recurrent hostilities and human rights violations. Why has impunity and violations persisted in the CAR despite the creation of the SCC? The paper identifies critical factors to the success of the SCC, based on previous experiments with hybrid courts. The outcome of this research reveal that the fragile security situation in the country and other factors significantly hinder the court’s objective of serving justice and contributing to durable peace in the CAR.
Interlacement limit of a stopped random walk trace on a torus
Authors: Járai Antal A. , Sun Minwei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe consider a simple random walk on
$\mathbb{Z}^d$
started at the origin and stopped on its first exit time from
$({-}L,L)^d \cap \mathbb{Z}^d$
. Write L in the form
$L = m N$
with
$m = m(N)$
and N an integer going to infinity in such a way that
$L^2 \sim A N^d$
for some real constant
$A \gt 0$
. Our main result is that for
$d \ge 3$
, the projection of the stopped trajectory to the N-torus locally converges, away from the origin, to an interlacement process at level
$A d \sigma_1$
, where
$\sigma_1$
is the exit time of a Brownian motion from the unit cube
$({-}1,1)^d$
that is independent of the interlacement process. The above problem is a variation on results of Windisch (2008) and Sznitman (2009).
ON THE ESSENTIAL TORSION FINITENESS OF ABELIAN VARIETIES OVER TORSION FIELDS
Authors: ACHTER JEFFREY D. , DUAN LIAN , WANG XIYUAN 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe classical Mordell–Weil theorem implies that an abelian variety A over a number field K has only finitely many K-rational torsion points. This finitude of torsion still holds even over the cyclotomic extension
$K^{\mathrm {cyc}}=K{\mathbb Q}^{\mathrm {ab}}$
by a result of Ribet. In this article, we consider the finiteness of torsion points of an abelian variety A over the infinite algebraic extension
$K_B$
obtained by adjoining the coordinates of all torsion points of an abelian variety B. Assuming the Mumford–Tate conjecture, and up to a finite extension of the base field K, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the finiteness of
$A(K_B)_{\mathrm tors}$
in terms of Mumford–Tate groups. We give a complete answer when both abelian varieties have dimension at most 3, or when both have complex multiplication.
Impact of endosymbionts on tick physiology and fitness
Authors: Kolo Agatha O. , Raghavan Rahul 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTicks transmit pathogens and harbour non-pathogenic, vertically transmitted intracellular bacteria termed endosymbionts. Almost all ticks studied to date contain 1 or more of Coxiella, Francisella, Rickettsia or Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii endosymbionts, indicative of their importance to tick physiology. Genomic and experimental data suggest that endosymbionts promote tick development and reproductive success. Here, we review the limited information currently available on the potential roles endosymbionts play in enhancing tick metabolism and fitness. Future studies that expand on these findings are needed to better understand endosymbionts’ contributions to tick biology. This knowledge could potentially be applied to design novel strategies that target endosymbiont function to control the spread of ticks and pathogens they vector.
A narrative systematic review of changes in mental health symptoms from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Blendermann Mary , Ebalu Tracie I , Obisie-Orlu Immanuela C , Fried Eiko I , Hallion Lauren S 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe onset of the COVID-19 pandemic raised concerns regarding population-wide impacts on mental health. Existing work on the psychological impacts of disaster has identified the potential for multiple response trajectories, with resilience as likely as the development of chronic psychopathology. Early reviews of mental health during the pandemic suggested elevated prevalence rates of multiple forms of psychopathology, but were limited by largely cross-sectional approaches. We conducted a systematic review of studies that prospectively assessed pre- to peri-pandemic changes in symptoms of psychopathology to investigate potential mental health changes associated with the onset of the pandemic (PROSPERO #CRD42021255042). A total of 97 studies were included, covering symptom clusters including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), fear, anxiety, depression, and general distress. Changes in psychopathology symptoms varied by symptom dimension and sample characteristics. OCD, anxiety, depression, and general distress symptoms tended to increase from pre- to peri-pandemic. An increase in fear was limited to medically vulnerable participants, and findings for PTSD were mixed. Pre-existing mental health diagnoses unexpectedly were not associated with symptom exacerbation, except in the case of OCD. Young people generally showed the most marked symptom increases, although this pattern was reversed in some samples. Women in middle adulthood in particular demonstrated a considerable increase in anxiety and depression. We conclude that mental health responding during the pandemic varied as a function of both symptom cluster and sample characteristics. Variability in responding should therefore be a key consideration guiding future research and intervention.
What Mathematics and Metaphysics of Corporeal Nature Offer to Each Other: Kant on the Foundations of Natural Science
Authors: McNulty Michael Bennett 
Published: August 2023

AbstractKant famously distinguishes between the methods of mathematics and of metaphysics, holding that metaphysicians err when they avail themselves of the mathematical method. Nonetheless, in the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science, he insists that mathematics and metaphysics must jointly ground ‘proper natural science’. This article examines the distinctive contributions and unity of mathematics and metaphysics to the foundations of the science of body. I argue that the two are distinct insofar as they involve distinctive sorts of grounding relations – mathematics pertains to formal grounding, while metaphysics concerns material grounding – while they are unified insofar as they treat motion, the fundamental determination of the science of body.
The Necessity of Empirical Laws of Nature through the Lens of Kant’s Dialectic
Authors: Spagnesi Lorenzo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article analyses a sceptical challenge resulting from metaphysical approaches to the problem of the necessity of empirical laws of nature in Kant’s critical philosophy (what I shall call ‘essentialist’ readings). I argue that this challenge may jeopardize the purpose of empirical enquiry (and therefore the plausibility of essentialist readings), but that Kant has internal resources to address it in the Dialectic of the Critique of Pure Reason. I show that reading this problem through the lens of the Dialectic allows us to reconcile the metaphysical question of necessitation of laws with a robust sense of empirical cognition.
ASTER VNIR‐SWIR Based Lithological Mapping of Granitoids in the Western Junggar Orogen (NW Xinjiang): Improved Inputs to Random Forest Method
Authors: Zhou Yarong , Zheng Shuo , An Yanfei , Lai Chunkit 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAlthough advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer multispectral analysis for lithological mapping has been widely applied, traditional methods such as band ratios (BR) and principal component analysis (PCA) are still hampered by cumbersome data processing and poor classification performance. In this study, we utilize improved data inputs for random forest (RF) to extract lithological information of granitoids, which are the predominant rock type for intrusion‐related polymetallic ore deposits in the western Junggar Orogen (NW Xinjiang). Based on spectral absorption features of minerals (e.g., orthoclase, K‐feldspar, hornblende, biotite, plagioclase, and oligoclase), image statistical information and textural features, we tested different combinations of bands, BR, PCA, and texture using RF method, and found that the combination of B13678 + T1 (Mean texture) achieved the highest weighted‐F1 score for granitoids, with an accuracy of 87.32%. Compared to the support vector machine, RF effectively distinguishes lithological differences between different types of granitoid and wallrocks, especially the granite, granodiorite, and alkali granite in the Akebasito intrusion, as well as the alkali granite, plagiogranite and biotite granite in the Karamay intrusions. Moreover, the large number of rare metal deposits (including Cu, Au, Mo, etc.) distributed near the granitoid intrusions in the western Junggar, our result facilitates the analysis of regional tectonic evolution and mineralization controlling.
A multi-site service evaluation of silver diamine fluoride use for children
Authors: Timms Laura , Bux Sara , Maybin Linzi , Rogers Helen , Horisk Katie , Fraser Jacqueline , Large Jessica , Deery Chris , Ashley Paul , Keightley Alex , Sumner Oliver 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroduction The use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is relatively new to the UK. It is unknown how it is being used and for what indications in UK paediatric dental services.Aim To: 1) establish how SDF is being used across different paediatric dental settings in the UK; and 2) consider parental and patient views on the treatment experience and side effect of discolouration.Method A multi-site service evaluation was carried out across six paediatric dentistry units covering hospital and community services. Data were collected prospectively from 17/02/2020 to 02/03/2022. Simple descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data.Results Data were collected for 54 patients. The included patients had an age range of 2-13 years, with a mean of 4.9 years. The reason SDF was chosen was reported as: to avoid general anaesthetic (n = 25); to avoid extractions (n = 8); stabilisation (n = 25); acclimatisation (n = 24); and insufficient cooperation for other treatment (n = 17). In total, 42 cases had SDF applied to the primary dentition. This was in the anterior dentition for 18 patients and the posterior dentition for 15, with nine patients having SDF applied both anteriorly and posteriorly. The majority of children and parents were accepting of the technique and immediate aesthetic outcome.Conclusion In the services involved in this multi-site service evaluation, SDF is used for young patients in the primary dentition for the purpose of caries arrest. The technique was viewed positively by the majority of parents and children.
Expression of ANK3 moderates the association between childhood trauma and affective traits in severe mental disorders
Authors: Aas Monica , Andreassen Ole A. , Gjerstad Johannes , Rødevand Linn , Hjell Gabriela , Johansen Ingrid Torp , Lunding Synve Hoffart , Ormerod Monica B. E. G. , Lagerverg Trine V. , Steen Nils Eiel , Djurovic Srdjan , Akkouh Ibrahim 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExposure to early life trauma increases the risk of psychopathology later in life. Here we investigated if ANK3 mRNA levels influence the relationship between childhood trauma experiences and clinical characteristics in mental disorders. A sample of 174 patients with bipolar disorder and 291 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder were included. Patients were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, and childhood trauma was assessed using the childhood trauma questionnaire. Age at illness onset and number of psychotic and affective episodes were assessed from interview and medical records. Current depressive symptoms were measured using the calgary depression scale for schizophrenia and the inventory for depressive symptomatology. ANK3 expression was analyzed in whole blood using the Illumina HumanHT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip. Analyses were carried out with the Process adjusted for confounders. Within the total sample, patients with both high ANK3 expression and with the most severe childhood sexual abuse had more manic/hypomanic episodes and an earlier age at onset of the first episode. ANK3 mRNA levels also moderated the relationship between emotional neglect and manic/hypomanic episodes. Our results suggest that ANK3 expression levels moderate the association between specific types of childhood trauma and affective traits in mental disorders.
Spatiotemporal patterns of spontaneous movement in neonates are significantly linked to risk of autism spectrum disorders at 18 months old
Authors: Doi Hirokazu , Furui Akira , Ueda Rena , Shimatani Koji , Yamamoto Midori , Sakurai Kenichi , Mori Chisato , Tsuji Toshio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInfants make spontaneous movements from the prenatal period. Several studies indicate that an atypical pattern of body motion during infancy could be utilized as an early biomarker of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, to date, little is known about whether the body motion pattern in neonates is associated with ASD risk. The present study sought to clarify this point by examining, in a longitudinal design, the link between features of spontaneous movement at about two days after birth and ASD risk evaluated using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers by their caregivers at 18 months old. The body movement features were quantified by a recently developed markerless system of infant body motion analysis. Logistic regression analysis revealed that ASD risk at 18 months old is associated with the pattern of spontaneous movement at the neonatal stage. Further, logistic regression based on body movement features during sleep shows better performance in classifying high- and low-risk infants than during the awake state. These findings raise the possibility that early signs of ASD risk may emerge at a developmental stage far earlier than previously thought.