bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opiate maintenance patients’ attitudes and self-reported adherence to protective measures against SARS-CoV-2 infections
Authors: Specka Michael , Kröckert Tobias , Trilling Mirko , Bonnet Udo , Schifano Fabrizio , Scherbaum Norbert 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic we assessed to which extent patients in opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) adhere to official recommendations regarding preventive intervention strategies against COVID-19.MethodsPatients enrolled in two OMT clinics in Germany were interviewed applying a standardized questionnaire, which covered socio-demographic information, recent psychotropic substance use, recent social activities, the history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, attitudes toward official protection recommendations, and levels of adherence to these suggestions. Current mental and medical diagnoses were retrieved from medical files. In subjects without known infection and without vaccination, blood samples were tested for the identification of anti-SARS-CoV-2-S-antibodies. Interviews were performed between the end of May and the end of September 2021.ResultsPatients’ (n = 155) average age was 47 years; 74% were males. In addition to the opiate dependence, in nearly 80% of cases another medical disorder was recorded. The range of medical factors that predispose for severe COVID-19 outcomes were present in 39% of patients; 18% of the sample refused to be vaccinated. Nearly all patients reported having carried out a range of activities outside their residence during the week prior to the interviews, including visits of treatment facilities (86.5%; 95% confidence interval [80.2%; 91.0%]) or meeting with friends (64.5% [65.7–71.6%]). Despite the fact that only about 47.1% [39.2%; 55%] felt well informed about measures against infection, adherence to COVID-19 countermeasures was generally high: 83.9% [77.3; 88.8%] claimed to have worn face masks always/nearly always; social distancing was performed always/nearly always by 58.7% [50.8%; 66.2%]; and hand hygiene was conducted by 64.5% [56.7%; 71.6%] of participants. None out ofn = 25 tests from unvaccinated subjects was positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2-S-antibodies. Psychiatric comorbidity and educational degree were not statistically significantly associated with attitudes and compliance, except that patients with lower education felt relatively worse informed.ConclusionSelf-reported adherence to recommended non-therapeutic intervention strategies and vaccination rates were similar to the German general population. Provision of more health-related information tailored to OMT patients appears necessary.
Uptake of hepatitis B vaccination and associated factors among health sciences students, Mogadishu, Somalia
Authors: Hassan Yahye Sheikh Abdulle , Hassan Shafie Abdulkadir , Ahmed Nur Rashiid 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundHepatitis B is a potentially fatal liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It is a serious issue for global health. It considerably raises the risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer-related death and can result in chronic infection. The risk of infection is high among health sciences students due to the risk of occupational contact with fluids of infected patients and the risk of needle stick injury. The most effective way of preventing HBV infection is the vaccination of students prior to their posting to healthcare settings. There is no data available about HBV vaccination uptake among Health Sciences students in Somalia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine HBV vaccination uptake and associated factors toward HBV among health science students in Somalia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was undertaken among health sciences students from August to October 2022. Data were gathered using Kobo Toolbox using a standardized questionnaire with questions on characteristics, knowledge attitude, and HBV prevention practices. A total of 569 students were involved in the study. Stata version 15 was utilized for the analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, as well as descriptive statistics, were performed. In order to assess the existence and significance of the relationship between the outcome and risk factors, an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used. Statistical significance was considered as a p-value ≤0.05.ResultsOf the 569 study participants, 33.4% (95%CI: 29.6–37.4) received a full dose of the HBV vaccine in this study. Participants had good HBV prevention knowledge, attitudes, and practices at 69.6, 37.96, and 50.6%, respectively. The lack of access and the high cost of the vaccine were the reasons for not taking the vaccine. Second-year [AOR: 0.22 (0.12–0.43)]. Positive attitude [AOR: 0.54 (0.31–0.93)], and good practice [AOR: 6.99 (3.62–13.5)].DiscussionThe study indicated that 33.4% of health sciences students had received the required HBV vaccination doses, academic year, attitude, and practice were significantly associated with full-dose vaccination status. The unavailability of the vaccine and the high cost of vaccination were the most common reasons for not taking the vaccine. It is recommended that students receive vaccinations before beginning clinical rotations, and give instruction on infection prevention strategies and general precautions, particularly regarding HBV infection.
Results of an Inpatient Preventive Health Care Program to Improve Quality of Life, Psychosocial Health, and Work Ability in Austria
Authors: Thauerer Bettina , Püspök Johannes , Kullich Werner , Felder David , Steinecker-Frohnwieser Bibiane , Skoumal Martin 
Published: September 2023

Objective: The Austrian Federal Pension Insurance (PVA) developed a preventive inpatient health program, “Gesundheitsvorsorge-Aktiv (GVA),” for patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Individualized modular interventions and therapeutical measures (movement optimization, movement motivation, and mental health) are designed to improve occupational participation by influencing lifestyle factors and health-related quality of life. The study aimed to evaluate the new prevention-oriented and more personalized inpatient health program GVA.Methods: Patients underwent a standard inpatient health program, with emphasis on exercise management, exercise motivation, or psychological aspects. Submodule-dependent outcomes were assessed in patients (n = 330) at the start, end of treatment, and 6 months thereafter. Quality of Life (EQ-5D-5L), psychosocial aspects of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-D), and Work Ability Index (WAI) were queried.Results: The results consistently showed positive short and long-term effects. The subjective assessments of current work ability improved while the impairment of work performance was reduced. Positive changes in the psychosocial sphere were observed, alongside improvements in the health-related quality of life. Patients in the exercise optimization module performed better in all respects.Conclusion: In summary, GVA represents a valuable preventive health measure that leads to a holistic increase in well-being and can also ensure the maintenance of the ability to work.
Administration of Ethanolic Extract of Spinacia oleracea Rich in Omega-3 Improves Oxidative Stress and Goblet Cells in Broiler Chickens Infected with Eimeria tenella
Authors: Ewais Osama , Abdel-Tawab Heba , El-Fayoumi Huda , Aboelhadid Shawky M , Al-Quraishy Saleh , Falkowski Piotr , Abdel-Baki Abdel-Azeem S. 
Published: September 2023

This study investigated the anticoccidial activity of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) whole-plant extract against Eimeria tenella, both in vitro and in vivo. For this purpose, one hundred 8-day-old broiler chicks of both sexes were divided into four groups (n = 25 in each group). Chicks in the first group served as the negative control (non-treated–non-infected). Chicks in the second group were challenged at 18 days old with 5 × 104 E. tenella sporulated oocysts. The third group was challenged with 5 × 104 sporulated E. tenella oocysts at 18 days old after receiving spinach extract at a dose of 50 mg/kg at 8 days old. The fourth group received 0.2 mg/kg diclazuril (Coxiril® 0.2%) in their diet two days before being orally infected with 5 × 104 sporulated E. tenella oocysts and this continued till day 10 post-infection (PI). The growth performance, clinical symptoms, oocyst shedding, histological findings, and biochemical parameters were used to evaluate the efficacy on day 8 PI when the infection was at its peak. A gas chromatography examination revealed that omega-3 fatty acids were the main constituents of the spinach extract, followed by oleic acid, palmitic acid, and phytol, with amounts of 23.37%, 17.53%, 11.26%, and 7.97%, respectively. The in vitro investigation revealed that the spinach extract at concentrations of 10% and 5% inhibited the oocyst sporulation by 52.1% and 45.1%, respectively. The 5% concentration was selected for the in vivo trial based on the results of the in vitro study. The infected–untreated group showed high levels of OPG; lower body weight; a greater number of parasite stages; few goblet cells; decreased SOD, CAT, and GPX levels; and increased MDA and NO levels. The spinach-treated group, on the other hand, showed a significant decrease in oocyst output per gram of feces (OPG), increased body weight, decreased parasitic stages, and a nearly normal number of goblet cells. Additionally, it reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), while increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). In conclusion, spinach produced significant antioxidant effects, increased body weight, reduced the number of oocysts and parasite stages in the caecum, and restored the number of goblet cells relative to those of an uninfected control. Furthermore, spinach extract inhibits the sporulation percentage of E. tenella oocysts. The ethanolic extract of S. oleracea (whole plant) contained high concentrations of fatty acids, palmitic acid, Phytol, betulin, and ursolic aldehyde, all of which are known to regulate the antioxidant pathway and modulate inflammatory processes and may be the main reason for its anticoccidial activity.
Scintillation properties of (Ph4P)2ZnX4 (X = Cl, Br)
Authors: Suto Takeru , Kawano Naoki , Okazaki Kai , Ichiba Kensei , Takebuchi Yuma , Kato Takumi , Nakauchi Daisuke , Yanagida Takayuki 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We fabricated (Ph4P)2ZnCl4 and (Ph4P)2ZnBr4 crystals (Ph4P: tetraphenylphosphonium) with zero-dimensional structures via solvent evaporation and evaluated their optical and scintillation properties. Fluorescence and phosphorescence peaks derived from Ph4P+ cations appeared at 345 and 510 nm, respectively, for both crystals, while an emission originating from self-trapped excitons was also detected for (Ph4P)2ZnBr4. In the scintillation spectra, both samples exhibited a phosphorescence peak, while a weak fluorescence peak was also observed for (Ph4P)2ZnCl4. In addition, the scintillation light yield (LY) was determined by pulse-height spectra with 1 μs shaping time. A pulse-height peak was observed from (Ph4P)2ZnCl4, and the scintillation LY was about 670 photons/5.5 MeV-α, which was higher than that of a ZnO single crystal.
Coexistence And Survival Strategy Model In BMT In Indonesia
Authors: Bimantara Satria Yudha , Yazid Muhammad 
Published: September 2023

Through fatwa, the legal basis for the enactment of BMT in Indonesia, which acts as a fund collection and financing, all BMTs in Indonesia have a board responsible for supervising the consistency of the application of Sharia principles. Based on fatwa 130/DSN-MUI/X/2019 Guidelines for Deposit Insurance Institutions in the Implementation of Handling or Settlement of Islamic Banks Experiencing Solvency Problems, making the Sharia supervisory board continues to be an existence that needs to be considered more, related to Sharia principles in Sharia business contracts and treaties. Supported by Fatwa 90 / DSN-MUI / XII / 2013 Transfer of Murabahah Financing Between Islamic Financial Institutions (LKS), where people can obtain significant prosperity by knowing BMT. This institution is expected to continue to develop in the wider community to help or serve the community in the long term so that BMT can be ensured to live sustainably. The development of bmt in the future still needs reference as a reference for more advanced production in learning its evolution. This study uses a descriptive-qualitative research design with a juridical-normative approach to analyze the legal aspects related to BMT (Baitul Maal wat Tamwil). The data collection process involves gathering information from various reputable sources. The collected data is analyzed qualitatively with a juridical-normative approach, and the findings are verified through peer review and consultation with legal experts. The study provides insights into the legal principles and regulations governing BMT operations and proposes recommendations to close any gaps or inconsistencies in the legislation.
TINGKAT KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA DI DEPAN UMUM BERSAMA APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA (ASN) DAN NON- ASN KECAMATAN SUKAJADI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Windyaningrum Rachmawati , Ramadhani Resa Dini 
Published: September 2023

Berbicara di depan umum atau Public Speaking pada saat ini menjadi kebutuhan utama di setiap bidang pekerjaan dengan tuntutan harus mampu berbicara di depan umum baik di kantor dan di masyarakat. Public Speaking dibutuhkan sebagai metode menyampaikan pesan untuk dapat memberikan informasi, edukasi, hingga mempengaruhi. Public Speaking suatu keahlian yang harus dipelajari dan diasah, semakin terbiasa melakukan praktik Public Speaking akan semakin terbiasa dan ahli di bidang tersebut. Penduduk di Kecamatan Sukajadi Kota Bandung cukup banyak yaitu memiliki 5 kelurahan dimana dalam melaksanakan tugasnya di keseharian perlu berkoordinasi dalam hal informasi. Terkadang kegiatan pelayanan publik seperti ini tidak dapat dilaksanakan oleh satu orang penting di Kecamatan yaitu Pimpinan Kecamatan, namun ada kalanya tugas diberikan kepada pegawai ASN dan Non-ASN dan hal tersebut wajib dilakukan untuk memberikan pelayan publik kepada masyarakat sekitar. Hal ini menjadi meningkatnya kebutuhan akan belajar berbicara di depan umum, atau Public Speaking agar seluruh pegawai ASN dan Non-ASN dapat dilatih dan dikembangkan kemampuannya dalam berbicara di depan umum.
Late-time Hubble Space Telescope Observations of AT 2018cow. I. Further Constraints on the Fading Prompt Emission and Thermal Properties 50–60 days Post-discovery
Authors: Chen Yuyang , Drout Maria R. , Piro Anthony L. , Kilpatrick Charles D. , Foley Ryan J. , Rojas-Bravo César , Taggart Kirsty , Siebert Matthew R. , Magee M. R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The exact nature of the luminous fast blue optical transient AT 2018cow is still debated. In this first of a two-paper series, we present a detailed analysis of three Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of AT 2018cow covering ∼50–60 days post-discovery in combination with other observations throughout the first two months and derive significantly improved constraints of the late thermal properties. By modeling the spectral energy distributions (SEDs), we confirm that the UV–optical emission over 50–60 days was still a smooth blackbody (i.e., optically thick) with a high temperature (T
BB ∼ 15,000 K) and small radius (R
BB ≲ 1000 R
⊙). Additionally, we report for the first time a break in the bolometric light curve: the thermal luminosity initially declined at a rate of L
BB ∝ t
−2.40 but faded much faster at t
−3.06 after day 13. Reexamining possible late-time power sources, we disfavor significant contributions from radioactive decay based on the required 56Ni mass and lack of UV line blanketing in the HST SEDs. We argue that the commonly proposed interaction with circumstellar material may face significant challenges in explaining the late thermal properties, particularly the effects of the optical depth. Alternatively, we find that continuous outflow/wind driven by a central engine can still reasonably explain the combination of a receding photosphere, optically thick and rapidly fading emission, and intermediate-width lines. However, the rapid fading may have further implications on the power output and structure of the system. Our findings may support the hypothesis that AT 2018cow and other “Cow-like transients” are powered mainly by accretion onto a central engine.
Systematic Investigation of Very-early-phase Spectra of Type Ia Supernovae
Authors: Ogawa Mao , Maeda Keiichi , Kawabata Miho 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
It has been widely accepted that Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are thermonuclear explosions of a CO white dwarf. However, the natures of the progenitor system(s) and explosion mechanism(s) are still unclarified. Thanks to the recent development of transient observations, they are now frequently discovered shortly after the explosion, followed by rapid spectroscopic observations. In this study, by modeling very-early-phase spectra of SNe Ia, we try to constrain the explosion models of SNe Ia. By using the Monte Carlo radiation transfer code, TARDIS, we estimate the properties of their outermost ejecta. We find that the photospheric velocity of normal-velocity supernovae (NV SNe) in the first week is ∼15,000 km s−1. The outer velocity, to which the carbon burning extends, spans the range between ∼20,000 and 25,000 km s−1. The ejecta density of NV SNe also shows a large diversity. For high-velocity supernovae (HV SNe) and 1999aa-like SNe, the photospheric velocity is higher, ∼20,000 km s−1. They have different photospheric densities, with HV SNe having higher densities than 1999aa-like SNe. For all these types, we show that the outermost composition is closely related to the outermost ejecta density; the carbon-burning layer and the unburnt carbon layer are found in the higher-density and lower-density objects, respectively. This finding suggests that there might be two sequences, the high-density and carbon-poor group (HV SNe and some NV SNe) and the low-density and carbon-rich group (1999aa-like and other NV SNe), which may be associated with different progenitor channels.
Effects of Pregabalin as Preemptive Analgesia for Pain Score, Sedation Score, and Cortisol Level after Caesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Ramli , Siradjuddin Ardiansyah , Gaus Syafruddin , Arif Syafri Kamsul , Husain Alamsyah Ambo Ala , Adil Andi 
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION: Cesarean section (C-section) is an increasingly common method of delivery, so optimal management of anesthesia and post-operative pain is essential for better outcomes. Preemptive analgesia is an effective method for preventing post-operative pain, with the benefits of pregabalin specifically being much studied and debated. This study aimed to determine the side effects and efficacy of different pregabalin doses for pain management and prevention of stress response in C-section patients under spinal anesthesia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This double-blind randomized trial study examined 30 patients who underwent elective C-section under spinal anesthesia with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 10 mg + adjuvant fentanyl 25 mcg, who were divided into three equal groups which received oral placebo or pregabalin (75 or 150 mg). Pain scores, sedation scores, and cortisol levels and changes were analyzed, the former two using Mann–Whitney tests, cortisol levels using one-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests, and cortisol level changes using repeated-measures ANOVA tests on SPSS software version 20. Results were considered significant when p < 0.05.
RESULTS: There were significant differences in numerical rating scale between the placebo and pregabalin groups at rest and movement after surgery (p < 0.05), and in sedation scores between the placebo and 150 mg groups and between the 75 mg and 150 mg groups at 2 and 6-h post-surgery (p < 0.05), as well as cortisol level changes between all groups (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Preemptive administration of pregabalin 75 mg is recommended for C-section surgery because it may reduce post-operative pain with minimal side effects.
Contemporary Management of Intracranial Subdural Empyema
Authors: Jolayemi Edward Olaoluwa , Bankole Olufemi Babatola , Ojo Omotayo Abimbola , Bamigboye Babatunde , Adebayo Bamidele Oludele , Arekhandia Bruno Jeneru , Asoegwu Chinyere Nkiruka , Alabi Olubukola Iretiogo , Ifezue Uzoma Chinedu , Nwawolo Clement Chukwuemeka , Kanu Okezie Obasi 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Intracranial subdural empyema (SDE) is a seemingly uncommon life-threatening ailment with varying presentations and outcomes. A variety of risk factors have been associated with predisposition to intracranial SDEs; however, they may be cryptogenic. There is an increased predilection for intracranial SDE in children and teenagers with paranasal sinusitis or middle ear infections. The clinical presentation is non-specific and thus a high index of suspicion is required. Neuroimaging is an invaluable diagnostic tool for early diagnosis and surgical intervention. There have been multiple proponents for either burr hole or craniotomy to treat intracranial SDEs; however, despite surgical intervention, adverse neurologic sequelae and even mortality still occur. Extended antibiotic therapy is mandatory and impacts significantly on patients’ outcomes.

Objectives:
This study describes the demographics, clinical presentation, and surgical outcomes in patients with intracranial SDEs over the study period.

Design:
This is a retrospective single-centre case series.

Setting:
This study takes place in a tertiary referral centre, university hospital.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective review of patients presenting with intracranial SDEs over a 10-year period in a tertiary neurosurgical unit serving south-western Nigeria. Demographic, clinical, and radiologic data were retrieved from patient records.

Results:
Forty-nine patients presented with intracranial SDEs during the review period. These patients aged between 16 months and 75 years, most of whom were 20 years of age and below. The mean age was 21.37 ± 19.29 years with a median age of 15 years. There were 35 males and 14 females giving a male-to-female ratio of 2.5:1. The most common presentations were headache (73.5%), altered sensorium (55.1%), and seizures (38.8%). Forty patients (81.6%) had evacuation of SDE by burr hole and subdural washout. There was a significant post-op residual SDE in six patients. There were eight (16.3%) mortalities in this series. Forty-seven (95.9%) patients had sterile cultures of the subdural pus collection.

Conclusion:
Intracranial SDE affects mostly children and teenagers. Early diagnosis, emergent surgery, extended antibiotic therapy, and concurrent source control employing a multidisciplinary approach are essential in managing this condition. Burr hole and subdural washout help control the disease process, reduce operation time, and may yield outcomes similar to craniotomies, which are more invasive.