bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dyads in Supply Networks
Authors: Choi Thomas Y. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
When two companies engage in business as a buyer and a supplier, they form a buyer-supplier relationship. That is a dyad—two entities linked up in a relationship. Examining how suppliers are embedded in their extended ties, we discover the duality of buyer-supplier relationships; for instance, a deep buyer-supplier relationship offers stability but also poses rigidity. We consider another form of a dyad in supplier-supplier relationships. The relationship between suppliers matters because sometimes the buyer would want the suppliers to work together, as in a new product development project; other times, the buyer would not want the suppliers to even talk to each other, especially when they are bidding on the same contract. These relationships between suppliers, in general, operate in varying degrees of co-opetition involving cooperation and competition.
Supply Chains as Networks
Authors: Choi Thomas Y. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter maps the actual supply networks of the center console module for the Honda Accord, Acura CL/TL, and DaimlerChrysler Grand Cherokee. The chapter characterizes the structural behavior of supply networks. The chapter then subjects the data to software to compute the network structural indexes both at the node level and network level. Building on the lessons learned from the network analysis, a new type of critical supplier whose importance comes from their structural position in the network is proposed. They are called nexus suppliers, and an algorithm is developed for the nexus supplier index. It is then discussed how supply network mapping should be considered as one anticipates more extreme events that will disrupt global supply networks in the coming years.
Supply Networks as a Complex Adaptive System
Authors: Choi Thomas Y. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Supply networks are theorized as complex adaptive systems. Interactions between the complex adaptive system and the environment lead to co-evolution, and what comes out of the co-evolution can affect what happens in the environment and the complex adaptive system. Through such dynamic interactions, supply networks emerge over time with no single entity (i.e., a focal company) orchestrating its entire activities. A focal company makes a strategic decision as to how much of that supply network to control. Beyond the realm of control and visibility, things simply emerge for the companies in a supply network. We apply these concepts to theorize the behaviors of supply chains and how supply networks may operate more resiliently through a jury-rigging process. Computational studies are conducted using Wolfram’s cellular automata and Kauffman’s NK model.
Presence
Authors: Bushman Richard Lyman 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The historian of religion Robert Orsi calls moments when a divine presence is believed to have entered human life “abundant events.” Such occurrences reshape personal relationships, he notes, as happened to the people around Joseph Smith when he brought home the gold plates. Each member of the Smith family was affected: Joseph Smith Jr., Lucy Smith, Joseph Smith Sr. and his greater family, and Emma Smith. The early believers accepted the plates without proof of their reality except Martin Harris and his wife Lucy who were more skeptical. They were caught up in what the literary theorist Tzvetan Todorov calls the fantastic. They could neither believe nor disbelieve. Martin Harris was only satisfied when he saw the plates himself as one of the three witnesses and Lucy never accepted them. The Whitmers, another set of friends affected by the plates, developed their own family tradition of seeing the plates and receiving divine messengers
The Eros Variations
Authors: Coles Elizabeth Sarah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This is the first of two chapters to explore variations on the function and forms of Carson’s academic criticism. The chapter examines variations on Carson’s early reading of desire in the possessive mode in Eros the Bittersweet (1986), tracing its formal and theoretical legacies in the light-footed literary-critical sketch, The Albertine Workout (2014), and “Possessive Used as Drink (Me): A Lecture on Pronouns in the Form of 15 Sonnets” from the performance-oriented pamphlet series, Float (2016). Beginning with her early essay, Carson’s arguments on the question of eros complement or replace exposition with the imitation of an idea in the form, structure, or stylistics of the reading. This short history of the theory of eros in Carson—and of a distinctive approach to interpretive form—shows how the relationship between writing and desire in her early work becomes the framework for a longer-term inquiry into the emotions of reading literature.
Sappho in the Open
Authors: Coles Elizabeth Sarah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Carson’s minimalist, textually driven, and materially committed translation of the fragments of Sappho is the subject of this final chapter, an oeuvre whose textual history combines rigorous scholarship with fictional interpolation, misquotation, and erotic fantasy. The chapter asks what kind of intervention Carson’s uncluttered, hands-free edition is exactly, vis-à-vis her aim to translate under the fantasy she calls “transparency of self.” Coles reads If Not, Winter: Fragments of Sappho as the unlikely work that perhaps best illustrates what form is for Carson, and what is at stake in its cognitive-emotional effects. Carson’s text reproduces Sappho’s extant material, but the textual imitation of materiality produces an extreme, high-voltage lyric form whose drastic spaces, stray words, and hedged brackets still-frame the solitary speech of reading them. The role of negative form, of unmarked pages, is to capture what it is we want and need from Sappho, amplifying our logic at the edge.
Objections from Other Attributes
Authors: Zagzebski Linda Trinkaus 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses objections that omnisubjectivity is incompatible with traditional divine attributes such as timelessness, immutability, impassibility, divine goodness and holiness, and infinity. It argues that omnisubjectivity does not add any additional problems to divine timelessness and immutability that are not already present in the problem of how a timeless God can grasp objective events in time. Whether God is passible depends upon whether grasping a feeling perfectly in the imagination is having a feeling. This chapter continues the argument of Chapter 3 that the imaginative grasp of a feeling is not a feeling. The same point applies to grasping immoral conscious states or states that seem inappropriate for a holy being. God can grasp states that are impossible for him to have as himself, such as fear and confusion, because God does not imagine himself being afraid or confused. Rather, God imagines being a human or an animal that is afraid or confused.
Food and Market
Authors: Azarieva Janetta , Brudny Yitzhak M. , Finkel Eugene 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on food as the key driver of Russia’s market reforms in early 1991. The authors show that the liberal market reforms and the “shock therapy” policies of President Boris Yeltsin and his liberal advisors were driven primarily by the fear of famine and the resulting state collapse. The chapter discusses the liberal reformers’ attempt to feed Russia by using the mechanism of open market and the inevitable short-term results of these policies that increased food availability in stores but made it unaffordable for large segments of the society. The authors also document the different individual and collective strategies of coping with high food prices during the period of the early and mid-1990s.
The War in Ukraine and Russia’s Food Politics
Authors: Azarieva Janetta , Brudny Yitzhak M. , Finkel Eugene 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the role of food during the first eight months after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. The goal of Russia’s nutritional independence drive was to protect the country and the regime from political instability, caused by food shortage in a case of a major political or social crisis. This system managed to survive the growing conflict with the West and an unexpected global pandemic. Yet the food import ban was just a prelude to the system’s key test—a major armed confrontation. The chapter discusses how the war affected Russia’s food policies and the expansion of the nutritional independence agenda even beyond areas identified in the Food Security Doctrine. The authors also discuss Russia’s use of food as a weapon, its attacks on Ukraine agriculture and grain exports, and deliberate attempts to use the threat of global famine as a weapon.
Nationalistic Sentiments and Mass Foreign Policy Preferences
Authors: Ko Jiyoung 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Drawing upon research in social psychology and international relations, this chapter elucidates how nationalistic sentiments shape mass foreign policy preferences. Specifically, it unpacks the common micro-level assumptions on which studies of nationalism and war have relied by examining the following questions: What are nationalistic sentiments? What psychological and cognitive traits do nationalistic sentiments have? How do they affect people’s foreign policy preferences? In what contexts do these sentiments cause adverse foreign policy preferences? Can those adverse preferences be easily reversed? The chapter closes by discussing why popular nationalism matters to political elites in their foreign policy decision-making and how they observe it.
Rigid Borders, Spasmodic Wars
Authors: Kadercan Burak 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
IR scholarship tends to define the territorial model on which the present-day arrangements are built in terms of so-called Westphalian territoriality. In this conventional thinking, territoriality is also seen as a synonym for Westphalian territoriality. This chapter challenges the conventional wisdom in two ways. First, it distinguishes between mosaic territoriality and monolithic territoriality; while these territorial orders are both built on rigid borders, they differ in terms of sociospatial organization. Mosaic territoriality entails a heterogeneous approach to sociospatial organization, while monolithic territoriality privileges sociospatial homogeneity. Historically speaking, the transition from mosaic orders to monolithic orders was a function of the rise of nationalism as a core component of state ideologies. It follows that the dominant territorial model of the present-day is categorically distinct from the one usually attributed to the Peace of Westphalia. The second claim is that mosaic and monolithic orders are associated with distinct motives and methods for fighting over territory. These claims are examined in the context of two paradigmatic cases, France and Prussia/Germany, before and after the rise of nationalism.
Introduction to Transnationalism, Intersectionality, and Migration Ecological Trajectories
Authors: Shizha Edward , Makwarimba Edward 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Migration and transnationalism are central to human settlement in contemporary societies. Most industrialized countries are experiencing low birth rates and are dependent on migrants to satisfy their labor markets. Political and economic instability in the Global South result in mass movements to prospering and stable countries in the Global North. However, migration is a complex phenomenon grounded in the diversity of transnational migrants. This introductory chapter explains these complexities by introducing three theoretical frameworks applied in the chapters in this volume: transnationalism, Kimberlé Crenshaw’s intersectionality, and Uri Bronfenbrenner’s socioecological systems model. These key terms are defined and explained to avoid confusion of usage and to show how interconnected the concepts are in discussing immigrants’ transnational lives. Overlapping intersectional factors are connected to how ecological systems work to support or create barriers for the settlement and integration of immigrants in host societies, thus influencing transnational migration and experiences.
The European Union’s Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex)
Authors: Karasapan Omer 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter explains how Frontex was created in 2004, with the objective of guaranteeing safe, secure, and well-functioning EU external borders and reducing their vulnerability. The chapter observes that Frontex is the European Union’s only uniformed agency, with a budget of €320 million and a staff of 700 in 2018 and a planned expansion to 10,000 border guards by 2027. It argues that with this growth comes controversies around how the European Union manages the inflow of migrants and asylum seekers, especially those from Libya and Turkey, and that it has been accused of harsh migrant pushbacks, mistreatment, and deaths, often with the complicity of Frontex staff and officials. The chapter concludes that the establishment of the agency and the policies and principles that guide it have resulted in the European Union subsequently weakening migrants’ human rights in Member States.
The (In)Coherence of European Migration Policy
Authors: del Miño Paloma González , Olmedo Concepción Anguita 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the multidimensional nature of the Mediterranean migrant “crisis” and its consequences and challenges for the European Union. The chapter argues that to solve this impasse, the European Union has implemented new mechanisms in addition to improving the efficiency of those already in the EU countries. It challenges the European Union’s response to primarily limit border securitization through the delayed and weak reinforcement of the external borders and turning toward internal security, rather than respecting international and European Community treaties and the promotion of their values, which is clearly in contradiction with the leadership of this global actor. Starting with the migratory or refugee crisis in the Mediterranean, this chapter discusses the implications of the adoption of security policies versus humanitarian responses, which has undoubtedly deepened the differences within the European Union and generated a crisis of governance.
Food Self-Sufficiency
Authors: Jorissen Elsemarie , Uthuman Maliamungu Habib 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a holistic view of Intersectional factors that influence food self-sufficiency through agricultural production among South-Sudanese refugees in Uganda. The chapter points to conflict and instability in the region that contribute to making Uganda a long-term recipient of refugees from neighboring countries. It explains that the nature of asylum in protracted refugee situations has influenced Uganda’s policy to move away from long-term care and maintenance to a durable developmental approach by allocating land to refugee households in designated settlements. The policy assumes that by having access to land, refugees are enabled to produce agricultural output from the land to become food self-sufficient. Using Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model, the chapter analyzes results from a case study in Mungula refugee settlement and describes land security macro-level factors that influence food self-sufficiency at the micro level for South-Sudanese refugee households.
Why Do Ethnic Citizens Identify More with Their Cultural Groups Than with the State in Canada?
Authors: Madut Kon K. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores how social and public institutions influence ethnic groups’ identities in Canada. The chapter argues that historical, social, and systematic categorization of ethnic groups in Canada and their imagined communities of racialized minorities and citizenship provide arbitrary classifications that have undermined racialized immigrants’ citizenship rights, effective socioeconomic integration, and political participation. Data presented in this chapter are from transcribed stories of 120 participants interviewed between 2015 and 2018. The findings indicate that Canadian social and public institutions are influenced by systemic sociopolitical constructions of citizenship based on ethnocultural “facts” that arbitrarily link ethnic groups to a primordial identification with an imagined ethnocultural community. The chapter concludes that Canadian institutions should support ethnic communities’ agency to identify with the state by ensuring fair and equitable participation in all aspects of socioeconomic and political spheres.
Gender Norm Attitudes Among Nigerian and Angolan Migrants in the Netherlands
Authors: Dito Bilisuma B. , Cebotari Victor 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter points out that literature that investigates migrants’ gender norm attitudes are scant. It further argues that while existing research views gender norms as fixed values shared collectively, emerging studies show that norms are constructed and interpreted at an individual level and can intersect with one’s socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. This chapter contributes to this emerging research by investigating the factors that determine the gender norm attitudes of two African migrant groups, Nigerians, and Angolans living in the Netherlands. The chapter presents findings based on analysis of survey data on gender norm attitudes of these migrants. It shows the presence of a dynamic process that shape migrants’ gender norm attitudes with differences observed across both inter-migrant group and intra-migrant groups from various countries of origin in destination countries. The chapter emphasizes the important intra-migrant group differences tied to their individual, social, and economic positioning in destination countries.
Interpersonal Traits as Predictors of Accommodation
Authors: Gaines Stanley O. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, attachment styles (i.e., dismissing, fearful, preoccupied, and secure) and attachment orientations (i.e., anxious and avoidant) within a heretofore untested interpersonal circumplex model of attitudes are incorporated, ignoring accommodation empirically (if not conceptually). The chapter conceptualizes positivity of attitude toward self in relation to significant others as an agentic attitude, and positivity of attitude toward significant others in relation to the self as a communal attitude. Using previously unpublished data by Gaines , and including the Relationship Styles Questionnaire (RSQ) plus the Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) inventory, results of a circulant correlation analysis indicate that an “equal-spacing, equal-communality” model yields satisfactory fit. Furthermore, results of confirmatory factor analyses indicate that a two-factor model yields satisfactory fit. The chapter ends by previewing Chapter 9.
Culture and Personality of the Specialists in Horrific Death
Authors: Aran Gideon 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Chapter 3 relates to the distinctive ethos of ZAKA and to the characteristic personality, biography, and habitus of its members. This chapter acquaints the readers with the peculiar rites and folklore of ZAKA’s volunteers along with their typical informal norms of behavior, including a reference to some aspects of which that are often regarded bizarre or deplorable.
God-Fearing Acrobats
Authors: Aran Gideon 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Chapter 7 concerns religious brinkmanship: the delicate risky art of seeking a higher level of Jewish life through challenging Orthodox taboos. ZAKA activists’ virtuosity is manifested in practicing death management that involves antinomian and hypernomian religiosity at the same time. The suicide terrorism arena provided a a controversial but still legitimate way to become haredi culture heroes while creatively violating traditional rabbinic norms. This point and others is illustrated with the help of Hindu analogy: A detailed comparison of two types of sacred death specialists. The chapter depicts the ritual prodedures by which both priests of the macabre make a bad death into a good one.
Voodoo: The History of a Racial Slur
Authors: Boaz Danielle N. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The word “voodoo” originated in the United States nearly two hundred years ago. Since its inception, “voodoo” has been a mechanism for prejudiced individuals to invoke all their anxieties and stereotypes about people of African descent. It has been a way to call them uncivilized, superstitious, hypersexual, violent, and cannibalistic, by merely uttering a single word. This book explores public perceptions of “voodoo” as they have varied over time and have shifted to encompass different religious communities, distinct practices, and evolving perceptions about people of African descent, with an emphasis on the intricate connection between stereotypes of “voodoo” and debates about race and human rights. The research for this project has consisted of examining texts published for public consumption such as newspapers, travelogues, magazines, and books.
Love Cults and “White Slaves” in the 1920s
Authors: Boaz Danielle N. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
From 1922 to 1929, a series of cases arose in several mid-Atlantic states (Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and West Virginia) and in Oklahoma where Black male “voodoo doctors” were accused of kidnapping, enslaving, and murdering women. In most of these cases, the alleged victims were white. In those where the victims were nonwhite, reports connected the “voodoo doctors” back to white patronage—either through an abundance of white clients or from donations/financial backing from white people. These reports about “voodoo” revealed twentieth-century anxieties about African Americans and race relations. They reflect the complex combination of concerns that arose following African Americans’ migrations from the South to the North and the West during World War I (1914 to 1919) and the race conflicts that occurred during the “Red Summer” of 1919 and the early 1920s.
Conclusion
Authors: Boaz Danielle N. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Prejudices about African religions seem to be some of the most pervasive of the numerous stereotypes that slavery, colonization, and segregation relied on for their existence. In the twenty-first century, many people continue to use words like Obeah, voodoo, and macumba dismissively and derogatorily. This chapter explores present-day and historical examples of the persecution of African diaspora religions which provide proof of the destructive power of these racist labels and why we need to be rid of them. Specifically, it describes how public (mis)understandings of these terms generate fear that legalizing African diaspora religions will invite “witchcraft” into their communities and that the widespread practice of African “superstitions” has led to natural disasters. Additionally, people who carry out physical assaults on African diaspora religious communities continue to deploy these terms to try to rationalize acts of violence.
The Philosophy of Exploration
Authors: Munévar Gonzalo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the philosophy of exploration. First, scientific views are instruments for interacting with the universe and determining what the universe is like. Scientific views determine the panorama of problems, dangers, and opportunities we can be aware of. As worldviews change, the panorama changes as well. By becoming aware of them, we become able to think of new solutions and new technologies. Serendipity is thus the natural (practically inevitable) result of scientific change. Second, science is dynamic. Science is always changing because it is never complete (being a human creation), and when challenged by new circumstances, it must adapt. When challenged by new ideas, science is, once again, spurred to change. Scientific exploration places science in new circumstances and presents it with new ideas. Therefore, scientific exploration leads to change in our scientific views, and thus to serendipity. Space exploration in particular leads to significant new science.