bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VLP: A Survey on Vision-language Pre-training
Authors: Chen Fei-Long , Zhang Du-Zhen , Han Ming-Lun , Chen Xiu-Yi , Shi Jing , Xu Shuang , Xu Bo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the past few years, the emergence of pre-training models has brought uni-modal fields such as computer vision (CV) and natural language processing (NLP) to a new era. Substantial works have shown that they are beneficial for downstream uni-modal tasks and avoid training a new model from scratch. So can such pre-trained models be applied to multi-modal tasks? Researchers have explored this problem and made significant progress. This paper surveys recent advances and new frontiers in vision-language pre-training (VLP), including image-text and video-text pre-training. To give readers a better overall grasp of VLP, we first review its recent advances in five aspects: feature extraction, model architecture, pre-training objectives, pre-training datasets, and downstream tasks. Then, we summarize the specific VLP models in detail. Finally, we discuss the new frontiers in VLP. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey focused on VLP. We hope that this survey can shed light on future research in the VLP field.
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as a tool for studying thermal properties of a crude cellulase cocktail
Authors: Di Matteo Paola , Luziatelli Francesca , Bortolami Martina , Mele Maria Luisa , Ruzzi Maurizio , Russo Paola 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used as an efficient and rapid tool in studying the conformational transitions between the folded and unfolded structures of cellulolytic enzymes. The thermal properties of two crude hydrolytic enzyme cocktails containing extracellular cellulases from Trichoderma longibrachiatum DIBAF-10 were analyzed and compared with three commercial cellulase preparations. Differences in the thermal behavior of fungal cellulases in the liquid phase, freeze-dried state, liquid formulations in sodium citrate buffer (pH 4.8), and contact with cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and cellobiose were evaluated. DSC profiles of cellulases from the DIBAF-10 strain provided important thermodynamic information about the thermal stability of the included proteins. Crude enzyme cocktails underwent a reproducible and irreversible exothermic aggregation phenomenon at 52.45 ± 0.90 °C like commercial β-glucosidase. Freeze-dried and resuspended in a sodium citrate buffer, cellulases from T. longibrachiatum showed an endothermic peak dependent on buffer and enzyme concentration. In the enzyme-substrates systems, a shift of the same peak was recorded for all substrates tested. The thermal analysis of freeze-dried cellulase samples in the range of 20–150 °C gave information on the denaturation process. In conclusion, we demonstrated that DSC is a cost-effective tool for obtaining "conformational fingerprinting" of crude fungal cellulase preparations.

Graphical abstract
Temporal Changes in the State Effect of Meditation on Response Inhibition Processes
Authors: Yamaya Noriki , Ikeda Shigeyuki , Hoshino Yuichi , Takeuchi Hikaru , Kawashima Ryuta 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objectives
A single session of brief focused attention meditation (FAM) has a state effect, which temporarily enhances response inhibition processes. However, previous research has two unanswered questions: (i) How long does the state effect last? (ii) How does effort toward FAM relate to the resulting state effect?

Method
Thirty-nine healthy participants participated in two sessions: FAM and sham meditation (SHAM). The participants conducted each meditation for 10 min. The state effect on response inhibition processes was observed as Stroop task performance immediately before and after each meditation, and 20, 40, and 60 min after each meditation. In addition, the subjective effort toward meditation was evaluated using a questionnaire immediately after each meditation.

Results
An analysis of variance revealed a significant interaction between session and time. In the post-hoc analysis, FAM showed significantly better Stroop task performance than the SHAM 60 min after meditation. Furthermore, using correlational analysis, we found that at 60 min, the higher the subjective effort, the better Stroop task performance.

Conclusions
In contrast to previous findings, the state effect was not found immediately after FAM but instead 60 min after. The results can be partially explained by cognitive fatigue; that is, the FAM may have the state effect of preventing cognitive fatigue. This state effect is greater when the subjective effort is greater.
Seed Viability, Spikelet Dispersal, Seed Banks and Seed Storage Requirements for Native and Invasive Cordgrasses (Genus Spartina) in Southwest Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Infante-Izquierdo M. Dolores , Romero-Martín Ruth , Castillo Jesús M. , Grewell Brenda J. , Soriano Jesús J. , Nieva F. Javier J. , Muñoz-Rodríguez Adolfo F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSeed banks play an important role in determining the spatial and temporal distribution of halophytes in salt marshes. We tested the ability of native Spartina maritima and invasive S. densiflora spikelets to disperse by flotation on water with different salinity concentrations, and the longevity of spikelet viability relative to environmental conditions including dry or wet storage at low or moderate temperatures, and aqueous salinity concentrations from fresh to sea water. We quantified pre-dispersal seed production and pre- and post-dispersal focal Spartina spp. presence in seed banks along intertidal gradients within salt marshes at the Gulf of Cádiz (Southwest Iberian Peninsula). Spartina densiflora spikelets, especially from middle and high elevation marshes, showed greater ability than S. maritima to remain afloat, which suggests this species could be dispersed over longer distances. Wet-stored Spartina seeds were able to maintain viability for months, while seeds under dry storage rapidly lost viability. This decline was most significant for S. maritima, and for seeds stored at moderate temperatures. Storage of spikelets under wet and cold conditions optimized spikelet viability. Native S. maritima did not establish transient or persistent seed banks, while invasive S. densiflora established transient seed banks mainly at higher marsh elevations. Our results on the dynamics of seed dispersal and seed banks and seedling recruitment provide fundamental knowledge that can be applied for conservation of native S. maritima, management of invasive S. densiflora, and ecological restoration of tidal salt marshes.
Time-resolved pressure-sensitive paint measurements for cryogenic wind tunnel tests
Authors: Yorita Daisuke , Henne Ulrich , Klein Christian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA first time-resolved pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) test campaign at the European Transonic Wind Tunnel (ETW) was conducted within the research initiative “Unsteady flow and interaction phenomena at High Speed Stall conditions”. One of the objectives of this wind tunnel campaign was to resolve time-series of surface pressure distributions caused by complex 3-D buffet phenomena on a full-span airplane model XRF-1 transport aircraft configuration. At higher angle-of-attack and high Mach number, pressure fluctuations with a frequency of several hundred Hertz are expected to occur on the main wing and the horizontal tail plane (HTP) caused by the buffet effect. To capture the expected buffet phenomena by PSP, the German Aerospace Center developed a time-resolved PSP measurement and data acquisition system as well as a post-processing method for measurements in ETW. The measurements were conducted on the main wing and HTP simultaneously, with a camera frame rate of up to 2 kHz. The transonic buffet phenomena were observed at the flight relevant Reynolds number Re = 12.9 × 106 and Re = 25.0 × 106. The time-varying surface pressure distribution on the model was successfully captured by PSP. The time-series and spectra of both PSP and pressure transducer data match very well.
Using digitally mediated methods in sensitive contexts: a threat analysis and critical reflection on data security, privacy, and ethical concerns in the case of Afghanistan
Authors: Guntrum Laura Gianna , Güldenring Benjamin , Kuntke Franz , Reuter Christian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGiven the lack of empirical examples of how research can be conducted via digital means in sensitive contexts, this paper provides a threat model using Afghanistan, where the Taliban took power in August 2021, as an example. Both technical and non-technical research-related risks are analyzed, paying attention to research ethics, data security, and privacy. We argue that any threat model and risk analysis is highly context-dependent. Our analysis reveals that in certain research processes, human security does not necessarily coincide with data security and that an ambivalence exists between privacy and usability. In addition to the concrete threat analysis, the paper identifies some general technical solutions (e.g., encryption methods, communication software) for different research steps to foster secure and ethically justifiable research.
Weed Control, Growth, and Yield of Tomato After Application of Metribuzin and Different Pendimethalin Products in Upper Egypt
Authors: Mohamed Ibrahim A. , Abdalla Reham M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWeeds are very problematic for tomato production worldwide. Differences in formulations of the same herbicide have different effects on weeds and crops. There are no published studies on the effect of the capsule suspension of pendimethalin (Pend) products on tomato in Egypt. The present study aims at evaluating three pre-plant Pend products compared with a post-plant metribuzin (Met) and hand hoeing on their efficiency on weed control and on the growth, yield, yield attributes, stand loss rate of tomato plants, and their economic benefit implications in tomato production. During the fall-winter seasons of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021, six weed control treatments were studied including three pre-plant Pend products, a post-plant Met, hand hoeing, and un-weeded control in tomato field experiments. Weed density, fresh weight [FW], and FW reduction% were measured. Tomato measurements included stand loss rate, vegetative growth parameters, leaf chlorophyll concentration, fruit diameter and length, marketable and total yields, fruit total soluble solids, and pH. All herbicides and hand hoeing treatments significantly reduced weeds FW. Stand loss rates of tomato were 0% in hand hoeing followed by Sencor (~ 9.3–11.1%). Vegetative growth and leaf chlorophyll concentration were improved in all treated plots as compared to the control. The highest significant increases in tomato branch number, plant height, stem diameter, and shoot FW were observed in Sencor and Mostmicro treatments. The highest marketable and total fruit yields were observed with Sencor. Met had the highest benefit–cost ratio in the study. All herbicides were effective against various noxious weeds, but tomato “hybrid 65,010” was more tolerant to Met which resulted in better yields than those obtained with Pend products. The most cost-effective method of weed control was Met.
Impact of landscape patterns on herb-layer diversity and seed size of Schima superba in urban remnant vegetation: A case study in Guangzhou, Southern China
Authors: Huang Liu-Jing , Zhang Zeng-Ke , Wang Qi , Yang Gui-Mei , Que Qing-Min , Liu Xing-Zhao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn order to explore which ecological strategies the remnant vegetation is taken to adapt to urbanization, we investigated three kinds of typical remnant vegetation (grassland, plantation, and secondary forest) in 16 sample sites along the urban–rural gradient in the city of Guangzhou. In this study, we examined plant species composition, and plant diversity, and analyzed the seed of the dominant tree species Schima superba (S. superba) in the secondary forest sites. Those indicators are strongly related with ecological strategies. Eighteen landscape pattern characteristics were determined to reveal the extent of landscape fragmentation. Geographic Information System (GIS), linear regression, and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) were conducted to analyze the influence of landscape pattern characteristics on plant communities. Results showed that (1) Fragmentation of landscape patterns caused by urbanization has a negative impact on the diversity of herb-layer plants, the dominant species of grassland in the city center are mainly weeds, such as Bidens pilosa and Neyraudia reynaudiana. (2) In order to adapt to the pressure of landscape fragmentation, seeds of S. superba have developed into a larger size, with a competitive advantage over smaller ones. (3) Two different ecological strategies of plant communities adapting to urbanization: The pioneer weeds in grasslands, with high reproductive and dispersal ability, have adopted a r-selection strategy and the dominant tree species with higher survival rates, larger individuals, and longer life spans, have adopted a K-selection strategy to resist disturbance, as well as with a larger seed size to increase viability and settlement ability.
On the asymmetric effects of trade openness on CO2 emissions in SADC with a nonlinear ARDL approach
Authors: Udeagha Maxwell Chukwudi , Breitenbach Marthinus Christoffel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this study, the expected asymmetric relationship between trade openness and CO2emissions is investigated for the Southern African Development Community (SADC). We make use of a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) framework proposed to capture the short- and long-run asymmetries for increases and decreases in trade openness and its impact on CO2emissions over the period 1960–2020. We proxy trade openness using an innovative approach that considers both a country’s trade share to GDP and its size of trade relative to world trade. Both short- and long-run nonlinearity are tested by deriving the positive and negative partial sum decompositions of the trade openness variable. The results show mixed evidence of asymmetric behaviour between trade openness and CO2emissions. Long-run asymmetry is found for Botswana, Madagascar, Mozambique and Tanzania, while in Comoros, Namibia and South Africa, there is evidence of both short- and long-run asymmetry. The remaining cases (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Seychelles, Zambia and Zimbabwe) show ample evidence of symmetric behaviour and linear long-run relationships between trade openness and CO2emissions. The policy implication is that the SADC member countries should amend and reinforce environmental policies that can promote production and trade of environmentally friendly goods. For instance, a “tax or subsidy” policy, which taxes the trading of environmentally damaging goods, while subsidizing the trading of eco-friendly goods, can be implemented.Graphical Abstract
Preferential flow velocity mapping of alluvial soil using temporal electrical resistivity imaging
Authors: Halihan Todd , Acharya Bharat S. , Hager John P. , Guertault Lucie , Fox Garey A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRiparian soils are susceptible to the formation of macropores, which provide opportunities for preferential flow in comparison to the surrounding soil matrix. Temporal electrical resistivity imaging (TERI) can locate spatial heterogeneities in soil wetting patterns caused by preferential flow through macropores. Quantifying macropore flow properties is important to optimize the design of riparian buffers. In a field evaluation of a riparian area with naturally occurring macropores, the TERI technique is able to detect the wetted zone around a macropore similar to a high hydraulic conductivity zone in a heterogeneous soil matrix. An experiment was established in a coarse soil in North Carolina to evaluate if TERI datasets could quantify the hydraulic properties of both the soil matrix and the preferential macropore pathways. Results show TERI is a viable method for calculating the vertical fluid velocity along orthogonal profiles in this coarse-grained field site. The datasets allowed the distribution and hydraulic properties of the preferential flow pathways to be quantified over a two-dimensional plane that is comparable with traditional soil datasets.
Suicide related to the COVID-19 pandemic in India: A systematic review
Authors: Al-Mamun Firoj , Kaggwa Mark Mohan , Hosen Ismail , Sikder Md. Tajuddin , Griffiths Mark D. , Mamun Mohammed A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The suicide rate has increased during the pandemic in India. Moreover, several studies, especially press-media reporting suicide studies have been conducted but no systematic review has been attempted in this context. Therefore, the present study systematically investigated the risk factors associated with suicidal behaviors, and the method of suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic in India.

Methods
Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was performed to include papers published up until September 30, 2022. From an initial 144 papers, 18 studies which met the inclusion criteria were included in the present review. The Pierson’s method was used for quality assessment of the included studies in the present review.

Results
The risk factors associated with suicide comprised: (i) socio-demographic factors (e.g., being aged between 31 and 50 years, male, married, unemployed), (ii) behavior and health-related factors (e.g., unavailability of alcohol and alcohol withdrawal symptoms, poor state of physical health and health issues, family disputes, relationship complexities, and sexual harassment), (iii) COVID-19-related factors (e.g., fear of COVID-19, COVID-19 test results, quarantine or isolation, financial hardship due to the pandemic, having influenza-like symptoms, experiencing stigmatization and ostracism despite testing negative, separation from family due to transport restrictions, misinterpreting other illness symptoms as COVID-19, saving the village from infection, watching COVID-19 videos on social media, online schooling, perceived stigma toward COVID-19, and being suspected of having COVID-19), and (iv) psychopathological stressors (depression, loneliness, stress, TikTok addiction, and poor mental health, suicidal tendencies, helplessness, and worrying). Hanging was the most common method of suicide. In addition, jumping from high buildings, poisoning, drowning, burning, cutting or slitting throat or wrists, self-immolation, medication overdose, electrocution, pesticide, and gun-shot were also used to carry out the suicide.

Conclusions
Findings from this research suggest multiple reasons for suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic and knowledge of such factors could aid in developing suicide prevention strategies focusing the most vulnerable cohorts inside and outside India.
A review of low-power applied-field magnetoplasmadynamic thruster research and the development of an improved performance model
Authors: Balkenhohl Jakob , Glowacki Jakub , Rattenbury Nicholas , Cater John 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNumerous thrust and voltage models for applied-field magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters (AF-MPDTs) exist, however, all have been formulated using data for conventionally high current AF-MPDTs. To address a perceived gap in knowledge about smaller thrusters, a review of low-power applied-field magnetoplasmadynamic thruster research and published thrust and voltage models is presented. Using available experimental data limited to a low-power high magnetic field strength regime, a database of pertinent physical and operational parameters is established and used in a comparative study to evaluate the accuracy of published performance models. Statistical analysis of the models was used to create a corrected low-power AF-MPDT performance model. When applied to the database, an improvement in model accuracy is achieved. It is found that AF-MPDTs in the low-power regime with high applied magnetic field strengths can present a feasible alternative to other electric propulsion methods. However, the resulting sensitivity of achievable performance to physical and operational parameters requires careful design and optimization for a given mission.
Studying open government data: Acknowledging practices and politics
Authors: van Maanen Gijs 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOpen government and open data are often presented as the Asterix and Obelix of modern government—one cannot discuss one, without involving the other. Modern government, in this narrative, should open itself up, be more transparent, and allow the governed to have a say in their governance. The usage of technologies, and especially the communication of governmental data, is then thought to be one of the crucial instruments helping governments achieving these goals. Much open government data research, hence, focuses on the publication of open government data, their reuse, and re-users. Recent research trends, by contrast, divert from this focus on data and emphasize the importance of studying open government data in practice, in interaction with practitioners, while simultaneously paying attention to their political character. This commentary looks more closely at the implications of emphasizing the practical and political dimensions of open government data. It argues that researchers should explicate how and in what way open government data policies present solutions to what kind of problems. Such explications should be based on a detailed empirical analysis of how different actors do or do not do open data. The key question to be continuously asked and answered when studying and implementing open government data is how the solutions openness present latch onto the problem they aim to solve.