bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic analysis on responses of the liver and kidney of finishing pigs fed cadmium contaminated rice
Authors: Xia Yaoyao , Li Jun , Ren Wenkai , Feng Zemeng , Huang Ruilin , Yin Yulong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDCadmium (Cd) is a common harmful substance that has many deleterious effects on the liver and kidney. Most reports about Cd toxic studies focused on its inorganic status, whereas the toxicity of Cd in organic materials is less studied. Here, we performed RNA‐seq to explore the influences of Cd contaminated rice on function of the liver and kidney of finishing pigs.RESULTSThe concentration of Cd in liver and kidney of pigs fed Cd contaminated rice increased by 4.00 and 2.94 times, respectively, compared to those in the control group. With transcriptomic analysis, approximately 4–6 × 107 clean reads were acquired. Five differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the liver, and 12 DEGs in the kidney. SPHK2 was commonly down‐regulated. No significantly enriched gene ontology (GO) terms were identified. By Kyoto encyclopaedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichments, four pathways were identified in hepatic tissue, and five pathways in nephritic tissue. Intriguingly, two pathways (sphingolipid metabolism and VEGF signalling pathway) were altered both in the liver and kidney.CONCLUSIONCd contaminated rice may cause liver and kidney damage and inflammation, or even lead to more severe harm to these tissues. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Age‐based shifts in habitat selection of wild turkey broods
Authors: Nelson Stefan D. , Keever Allison C. , Wightman Patrick H. , Bakner Nicholas W. , Collier Bret A. , Chamberlain Michael J. , Cohen Bradley S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAnimals exhibit pronounced age‐based shifts in habitat selection, often because of increasing body size. Body size affects how animals access resources, traverse landscapes, and perceive predation risk. While adults may be habitat generalists, offspring may be constrained by diet, predation avoidance methods, and mobility given smaller body size, and thus be more specialized. Observed declines in eastern wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) productivity and recruitment across the southeastern United States has necessitated evaluations of availability and composition of brood habitat. As poults are smaller and have more specialized resource requirements than adults, selection of vegetation likely changes as poults age. We evaluated aged‐based shifts in selection relative to vegetation communities, normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVI), and distances to trails by eastern wild turkey brooding females in a pine (Pinus spp.)‐dominated landscape in Georgia, USA, from April–July during 2017–2020. We used step‐selection functions and conditional logistic regression to evaluate resource selection of 36 brooding females. Of 175 nests monitored, 36 (20.6%) successfully hatched a brood and only 12 broods had at least 1 poult survive ≥28 days post‐hatch (i.e., 6.9% of nests produced a poult that was recruited into the population). Overall, brooding females selected for pastures (β = 0.730; 95% CI = 0.5144–0.9452), hardwoods (β = 0.324; 95% CI = 0.1608–0.4865), areas closer to trails (β = −0.002; 95% CI = −0.0023–−0.0014), and areas with greater NDVI values (β = 2.714; 95% CI = 1.7897–3.6380). Habitat selection shifted as broods aged, suggesting resource needs shift to scale allometrically with body size as broods get older. For example, selection strength waned as broods aged and broods were 2.47 times less likely to select pastures on day 28 relative to day 1 post‐hatch. Pastures were selected for after broods hatched, whereas selection for young pines increased as poults aged. Despite pine‐dominated cover types comprising nearly a third of the usable landscape, young pine communities were avoided by females with recently hatched broods. Managers may create better brood habitat by promoting early successional vegetation communities amidst a diversity of other land cover types to account for changing resource needs and predator avoidance capabilities as poults age.
Coastal landscape degradation and disappearance of Davislaguna Lake, Sørkappland, Svalbard, 1900–2021
Authors: Ziaja Wieslaw , Ostafin Krzysztof , Maciejowski Wojciech , Kruse Frigga 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe paper describes the transformation of the coastal landscape near former Davislaguna Lake, SE Spitsbergen. It is a comparative study which outlines the changing state of the area based on old maps, other archival materials, remote sensing data from the years 1900 to 2021, and our own fieldwork performed since 2005. The indirect cause of this transformation is identified herein as climate warming which has produced a progressive degradation of the cryosphere and triggered three key forces behind the said transformation: glacial recession in the 20th century, shortening of the sea‐ice season, permafrost thawing in the 21st century. From the year 1900 to the 1920s the coastal landscape of the study area consisted of a bay with beaches between a mountain range in the west and a tidewater glacier tongue protruding into the sea in the northeast. The tongue subsequently melted and the bay became transformed into a coastal plain, with the resulting lake becoming separated from the sea by a gravel‐sand bar by 1936. Afterwards, both the plain and lake dwindled in size due to the decline of the bar found to the west. This process continued until the lake became divided into two parts in the 1980s; one of these then disappeared between 2006 and 2010, and the second one by 2021. Hence, the land in question, with the coastal plain partly glaciated and surrounding the bay, then unglaciated and surrounding the lake, became over time replaced by the sea. Today, the process of abrasion acting near the sea is destroying the remaining beaches and cutting down the steep slopes of area mountains and ice‐cored moraines.
Strength and multiple types of physical activity predict cognitive function independent of low muscle mass in NHANES 1999–2002
Authors: Storoschuk Kristi L. , Gharios Ryan , Potter Gregory D. M. , Galpin Andrew J. , House Benjamin T. , Wood Thomas R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionMultiple domains of cognitive function decline with age, resulting in a significant burden on quality of life and the healthcare system. Recent studies increasingly point to links between muscle mass, particularly low muscle mass, and risk of cognitive decline. However, complex relationships exist between muscle mass, muscle function, physical activity, and overall health.MethodsData from 1,424 adults 60+ years old in the 1999‐2000 and 2001‐2002 editions of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used to investigate the relationship between low muscle mass and cognitive function after accounting for strength, physical activity, and nutritional and metabolic risk factors for cognitive decline.ResultsMuscle strength and physical activity independently predicted performance in the digit symbol substitution test, with muscle mass and muscle strength explaining 0.5% and 5% of the variance in cognitive function, respectively. In graphical network analyses, the association between low muscle mass and cognitive function appeared to be primarily mediated by neuromuscular function. Physical activity was associated with strength but, surprisingly, not muscle mass, which was instead more closely related to total mass.ConclusionsLow muscle mass is a relatively poor predictor of cognitive function after accounting for physical activity and strength in older individuals from a representative population dataset in the US. Future studies should account for the way in which muscle mass is accrued, which is likely to confound any association between muscle mass and health outcomes.
Self‐reported throat symptoms in Ehlers–Danlos syndromes and hypermobility spectrum disorders: A cross‐sectional survey study
Authors: Williams Hannah R. , Wood Gary , Hakim Alan J. , Birchall Martin , Hirani Shashivadan P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study identified the frequency and severity of dysphagia, dysphonia, and laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms in people with Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) or hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) and explored differences between diagnostic groups.MethodsParticipants were recruited via non‐probability convenience sampling. Information was gathered via online survey, including the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI; Belafsky et al., J Voice. 2002;16:274–277), the Eating and Drinking Assessment Tool (EAT‐10; Belafsky et al., Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2008;117:919–924), and the Voice Handicap Index (VHI; Jacobson et al., Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 1997;6(3):66–70). These were analyzed using ANOVAs.ResultsThere were 1620 participants (96.6% female, 2.8% male) that met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 38.09 (SD 12.22). 75.51% had hypermobile EDS (hEDS), 17.83% had HSD and 3.33% had classic EDS (cED). The cohort's mean scores were RSI = 22.95 (SD 9.01), EAT‐10 = 11.91 (SD 9.66), and VHI score = 31.99 (SD 24.36). The hEDS group had significantly higher mean scores than the HSD group on RSI score and on some RSI items, on EAT‐10 score and on all EAT‐10 items, and on one VHI item.ConclusionPeople with EDS/HSD experience symptoms of acid reflux, dysphagia, and dysphonia to varying degrees with significant differences between hEDS than HSD. Awareness of the impact of EDS/HSD on throat symptoms will enable health care professionals to anticipate throat symptoms more readily in this population, providing individualized and effective management plans.Level of EvidenceIV.
One is the loneliest number… Two can be as bad as one. The influence of AI Friendship Apps on users' well‐being and addiction
Authors: Marriott Hannah R. , Pitardi Valentina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlthough technology advancements provide opportunities for social interactions, reports show that people have never felt so alone and are increasingly adopting AI friendship and therapy‐related well‐being apps. By adopting a mixed‐method approach (i.e., netnography and quantitative survey), we investigate the extent AI friendship apps enhance users' well‐being—and to what extent they further exacerbate issues of using technology for social needs. Findings show that users of AI friendship apps report well‐being benefits from the relationship with the AI friend and, at the same time, find themselves being addicted to using the app. Specifically, we show that users' loneliness and fear of judgment, together with AI sentience and perceived well‐being gained, increase addiction to the app, while AI ubiquity and warmth reduce it. Taken together, the results show that despite the intended positive purpose of the apps, the negative effects that AI friendship apps have on well‐being may be much greater.
Influence of light conditions on the production of chrysolaminarin using Phaeodactylum tricornutum in artificially illuminated photobioreactors
Authors: Frick Konstantin , Ebbing Tobias , Yeh Yen‐Cheng , Schmid‐Staiger Ulrike , Tovar Günter E. M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe light conditions are of utmost importance in any microalgae production process especially involving artificial illumination. This also applies to a chrysolaminarin (soluble 1,3‐β‐glucan) production process using the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Here we examine the influence of the amount of light per gram biomass (specific light availability) and the influence of two different biomass densities (at the same amount of light per gram biomass) on the accumulation of the storage product chrysolaminarin during nitrogen depletion in artificially illuminated flat‐panel airlift photobioreactors. Besides chrysolaminarin, other compounds (fucoxanthin, fatty acids used for energy storage [C16 fatty acids], and eicosapentaenoic acid) are regarded as well. Our results show that the time course of C‐allocation between chrysolaminarin and fatty acids, serving as storage compounds, is influenced by specific light availability and cell concentration. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that with increasing specific light availability, the maximal chrysolaminarin content increases. However, this effect is limited. Beyond a certain specific light availability (here: 5 µmolphotons gDW−1 s−1) the maximal chrysolaminarin content no longer increases, but the rate of increase becomes faster. Furthermore, the conversion of light to chrysolaminarin is best at the beginning of nitrogen depletion. Additionally, our results show that a high biomass concentration has a negative effect on the maximal chrysolaminarin content, most likely due to the occurring self‐shading effects.
The Pharmacokinetics of Individual Conjugated Xanthohumol Metabolites Show Efficient Glucuronidation and Higher Bioavailability of Micellar than Native Xanthohumol in a Randomized, Double‐Blind, Crossover Trial in Healthy Humans
Authors: Buckett Lance , Sus Nadine , Spindler Veronika , Rychlik Michael , Schoergenhofer Christian , Frank Jan 
Published: September 2023

ScopePrenylated chalcones and flavonoids are found in many plants and are believed to have beneficial effects on health when consumed. Xanthohumol is present in beer and likely the most consumed prenylated chalcone, but poorly absorbed and rapidly metabolized and excreted, thus limiting its bioavailability. Micellar formulations of phytochemicals have been shown to improve bioavailability.Methods and resultsIn a randomized, double‐blind, crossover trial with five healthy (three males and two females) volunteers, a single dose of 43 mg was orally administered as a native or micellar formulation. The major human xanthohumol metabolites are quantified in plasma. Unmetabolized free xanthohumol makes 1% or less of total plasma xanthohumol. The area under the plasma concentration–time curve of xanthohumol‐7‐O‐glucuronide following the ingestion of the micellular formulation is 5‐fold higher and its maximum plasma concentration is more than 20‐fold higher compared to native xanthohumol.ConclusionMetabolism of orally ingested xanthohumol is complex and efficiently converts the parent compound to predominantly glucuronic acid and to a lesser extent sulfate conjugates. The oral bioavailability of micellar xanthohumol is superior to native xanthohumol, making it a useful delivery form for future human trials.
Identifying potential imaging markers for diffusion property changes in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Application of the continuous time random walk model to ultrahigh b‐value diffusion‐weighted MR images of spinal cord tissue
Authors: Gao Jin , Jiang Mingchen , Erricolo Danilo , Magin Richard L. , Morfini Gerardo , Royston Thomas , Larson Andrew C. , Li Weiguo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDiffusion MRI (dMRI) explores tissue microstructures by analyzing diffusion‐weighted signal decay measured at different b‐values. While relatively low b‐values are used for most dMRI models, high b‐value diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) techniques have gained interest given that the non‐Gaussian water diffusion behavior observed at high b‐values can yield potentially valuable information. In this study, we investigated anomalous diffusion behaviors associated with degeneration of spinal cord tissue using a continuous time random walk (CTRW) model for DWI data acquired across an extensive range of ultrahigh b‐values. The diffusion data were acquired in situ from the lumbar level of spinal cords of wild‐type and age‐matched transgenic SOD1G93A mice, a well‐established animal model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) featuring progressive degeneration of axonal tracts in this tissue. Based on the diffusion decay behaviors at low and ultrahigh b‐values, we applied the CTRW model using various combinations of b‐values and compared diffusion metrics calculated from the CTRW model between the experimental groups. We found that diffusion‐weighted signal decay curves measured with ultrahigh b‐values (up to 858,022 s/mm2 in this study) were well represented by the CTRW model. The anomalous diffusion coefficient obtained from lumbar spinal cords was significantly higher in SOD1G93A mice compared with control mice (14.7 × 10−5 ± 5.54 × 10−5 vs. 7.87 × 10−5 ± 2.48 × 10−5 mm2/s, p = 0.01). We believe this is the first study to illustrate the efficacy of the CTRW model for analyzing anomalous diffusion regimes at ultrahigh b‐values. The CTRW modeling of ultrahigh b‐value dMRI can potentially present a novel approach for noninvasively evaluating alterations in spinal cord tissue associated with ALS pathology.
Importance of human milk for infants in the clinical setting: Updates and mechanistic links
Authors: Nagel Emily M. , Elgersma Kristin M. , Gallagher Tiffany T. , Johnson Kelsey E. , Demerath Ellen , Gale Cheryl A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionHuman milk (HM) is the optimal source of nutrition for infants and has been implicated in multiple aspects of infant health. Although much of the existing literature has focused on the individual components that drive its nutrition content, examining HM as a biological system is needed for meaningful advancement of the field. Investigation of the nonnutritive bioactive components of HM and the maternal, infant, and environmental factors which affect these bioactives is important to better understand the importance of HM provision to infants. This information may inform care of clinical populations or infants who are critically ill, hospitalized, or who have chronic diseases and may benefit most from receiving HM.MethodsIn this narrative review, we reviewed literature examining maternal and infant influences on HM composition with a focus on studies published in the last 10 years that were applicable to clinical populations.ResultsWe found multiple studies examining HM components implicated in infant immune and gut health and neurodevelopment. Additional work is needed to understand how donor milk and formula may be used in situations of inadequate maternal HM. Furthermore, a better understanding of how maternal factors such as maternal genetics and metabolic health influence milk composition is needed.ConclusionIn this review, we affirm the importance of HM for all infants, especially clinical populations. An understanding of how HM composition is modulated by maternal and environmental factors is important to progress the field forward with respect to mechanistic links between HM biology and infant health outcomes.
Nutrition for critically ill children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Kerstein Jason S. , Klepper Corie M. , Finnan Emily G. , Mills Kimberly I. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChildren with congenital heart disease often require admission to the cardiac intensive care unit at some point in their lives, either after elective surgical or catheter‐based procedures or during times of acute critical illness. Meeting both the macronutrient and micronutrient needs of children in the cardiac intensive care unit requires complex decision‐making when considering gastrointestinal perfusion, vasoactive support, and fluid balance goals. Although nutrition guidelines exist for critically ill children, these cannot always be extrapolated to children with congenital heart disease. Children with congenital heart disease may also suffer unique circumstances, such as chylothoraces, heart failure, and the need for mechanical circulatory support, which greatly impact nutrition delivery. Guidelines for neonates and children with heart disease continue to be developed. We provide a synthesized narrative review of current literature and considerations for nutrition evaluation and management of critically ill children with congenital heart disease.
Nutrition for critically ill children and neonates requiring dialysis: Application of clinical practice recommendations
Authors: Wong Vega Molly , Vuong Kim T. , Chmielewski Jennifer , Gollins Laura , Slagle Cara , Srivaths Poyyapakkam R. , Akcan Arikan Ayse 
Published: September 2023

AbstractApproximately 30% of all children and neonates admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) experience acute kidney injury (AKI). Children with AKI are largely poorly fed and experience high rates of malnutrition. Nutrition prescription and provision are exceptionally challenging for critically ill neonates, infants, and children with AKI given the dynamic nature of AKI and its respective treatment modalities. Managing the nutrition prescription of critically ill neonates, infants, and children with AKI requires nutrition support clinicians to have a high‐level understanding of the various treatment modalities for AKI, which can affect the patient's protein, fluid, electrolyte, and mineral needs. Accurate and timely nutrition assessment in critically ill neonates and children with AKI can be flawed owing to difficulty obtaining accurate anthropometric parameters. Recently, the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce introduced clinical practice recommendations for the nutrition management of children with AKI. In this review, we will discuss the practical implications of these recent guidelines and work to bridge the knowledge and practice gaps for pediatric and neonatal nutrition support clinicians providing nutrition therapy for patients with AKI in the ICU. We also appraise special nutrition‐related considerations for neonates with AKI given newer available renal replacement treatment modalities.
Select micronutrients for the preterm neonate
Authors: Barbieri Jessica , Cober Mary Petrea 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIf premature neonates are not provided with adequate nutrition, they will quickly become deficient because of increased requirements and a lack of nutrient stores to achieve adequate growth. The provision of many of the recommended micronutrients for pediatric and adult patients is challenging in premature neonates because of the limited data surrounding the true needs of premature neonates and the difficulty in assessing adequate serum levels of these nutrients in this patient population. Parenteral and enteral nutrition shortages further complicate providing adequate micronutrients to premature neonates. This review will discuss select micronutrients and their importance to the preterm neonate, with special emphasis on micronutrients with limited evidence and more challenging supplementation and repletion strategies.
Body composition in pediatric patients
Authors: Zamberlan Patrícia , Mazzoni Beatriz P. , Bonfim Maria A. C. , Vieira Rafaela R. , Tumas Rosana , Delgado Artur F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUndernutrition is highly prevalent in children who are critically ill and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, including a higher risk of infection due to transitory immunological disorders, inadequate wound healing, reduced gut function, longer dependency on mechanical ventilation, and longer hospital stays compared with eutrophic children who are critically ill. Nutrition care studies have proposed that early interventions targeting nutrition assessment can prevent or minimize the complications of undernutrition. Stress promotes an acute inflammatory response mediated by cytokines, resulting in increased basal metabolism and nitrogen excretion and leading to muscle loss and changes in body composition. Therefore, the inclusion of body composition assessment is important in the evaluation of these patients because, in addition to the nutrition aspect, body composition seems to predict clinical prognosis. Several techniques can be used to assess body composition, such as arm measurements, calf circumference, grip strength, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and imaging examinations, including computed tomography and dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. This review of available evidence suggests that arm measurements seem to be well‐established in assessing body composition in children who are critically ill, and that bioelectrical impedance analysis with phase angle, handgrip strength, calf circumference and ultrasound seem to be promising in this evaluation. However, further robust studies based on scientific evidence are necessary.