bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Experience With a Whole-Body Spectral Photon-Counting CT Clinical Prototype
Authors: Si-Mohamed Salim A. , Boccalini Sara , Villien Marjorie , Yagil Yoad , Erhard Klaus , Boussel Loic , Douek Philippe C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSpectral photon-counting computed tomography (SPCCT) technology holds great promise for becoming the next generation of computed tomography (CT) systems. Its technical characteristics have many advantages over conventional CT imaging. For example, SPCCT provides better spatial resolution, greater dose efficiency for ultra-low-dose and low-dose protocols, and tissue contrast superior to that of conventional CT. In addition, SPCCT takes advantage of several known approaches in the field of spectral CT imaging, such as virtual monochromatic imaging and material decomposition imaging. In addition, SPCCT takes advantage of a new approach in this field, known as K-edge imaging, which allows specific and quantitative imaging of a heavy atom-based contrast agent. Hence, the high potential of SPCCT systems supports their ongoing investigation in clinical research settings. In this review, we propose an overview of our clinical research experience of a whole-body SPCCT clinical prototype, to give an insight into the potential benefits for clinical human imaging on image quality, diagnostic confidence, and new approaches in spectral CT imaging.
Comprehensive Complication Index to Monitor Morbidity and Mortality After Liver Transplantation in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Authors: Vannas Marko J. , Åberg Fredrik , Nordin Arno , Tukiainen Eija , Savikko Johanna , Isoniemi Helena 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
The objective of this study was to investigate the short-term and long-term morbidity after liver transplantation (LTx) in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).

Background:
PSC is a common indication for LTx in Scandinavia. Recently, research has focused on long-term survival and morbidity. The Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) precisely describes postsurgical complications, by considering both number and severity.

Patients and Methods:
Two patient groups were compared: those with classical PSC symptoms (n=148) and those with increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma (n=51, premalignant group). Two CCI scores were calculated, at 1-year post-LTx and a cumulative overall score at the latest follow-up. In addition, we investigated factors potentially related to high CCI.

Results:
The 1-year median CCI were 29.6 and 26.2 in the classical and premalignant groups, respectively (P=0.308). The median overall CCI were 43.2 and 46.8 (P=0.765), respectively. Patient survival was significantly lower in patients with 1-year CCI>42. The most common complications associated with low survival were cholangitis, infections, and hypertension. One-year and overall CCI were similar between sexes and different types of biliary anastomosis. Patients with pre-LTx Model for End-stage Liver Disease scores >20 had higher 1-year and overall CCI (36.2 and 52.6, respectively) than those with lower Model for End-stage Liver Disease scores. Both low (<22) and high (>25 kg/m2) body mass indices were associated with high overall 1-year and overall CCI (50.9 and 41.8, respectively), but median body mass indices were associated with significantly lower 1-year and overall CCI (38.4, P=0.023).

Conclusions:
The previously determined 1-year CCI cutoff of 42 could significantly predict survival post-LTx. Mortality and morbidity were not significantly different between the PSC groups analyzed.
Endoscopic Resection for Vascular Anomalies in Children
Authors: Wang Huaijie , Xie Chong , Lin Weilong , Zhou Jinbang , Yang Weijia , Guo Zhengtuan 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
To report an innovative endoscopic surgery for subcutaneous vascular malformations and intramuscular fibro-adipose vascular anomaly (FAVA) at our center.

Background:
Historically, open surgical resection has been the treatment of choice. Recent advances in minimally invasive surgery have led to the successful application of endoscopic resection techniques for the surgical management of diseases of soft tissue.

Methods:
Patients who underwent endoscopic resection of vascular anomalies were included in this retrospective review. Data were extracted from our Vascular Anomalies Center database between September 2019 and October 2022, including sex, age, symptoms, diagnosis, sites of surgery, previous treatment, surgery, and follow-up.

Results:
There were 13 females and 15 males in the current study, with ages ranging from 1 to 17 years. The diagnoses included microcystic lymphatic malformation (LM) (n = 8), Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome (n = 7), venous malformation (n = 6), FAVA (n = 6), and mixed cystic LM (n = 1). Surgical sites included the lower extremity (n = 24), abdominal wall (n = 2), upper extremity (n = 1), and thoracic wall (n = 1). Five patients had an intramuscular lesion (FAVA). The endoscopic technique used 2 or 3 small ports in a gas inflation manner. Surgery included thrombectomy, radical resection, and debulking of vascular anomalies. Postoperative sclerotherapy with bleomycin was performed through a drainage tube in 6 patients with microcystic LM. Technical success was obtained in 27 patients. The conversion to open surgery was performed in one patient owing to the deep location of the lesion. No wound-related complication was observed.

Conclusions:
Endoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive, effective, and safe treatment for subcutaneous vascular malformations and intramuscular FAVA. This approach can set a new standard that minimizes wound complications and reduces recovery time in patients undergoing resection for benign soft-tissue lesions.
Defining the Full Spectrum of Pediatric Firearm Injury and Death in the United States
Authors: Naik-Mathuria Bindi J. , Cain Cary M. , Alore Elizabeth A. , Chen Liang , Pompeii Lisa A. 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
To characterize the full spectrum of pediatric firearm injury in the United States by describing fatal and nonfatal injury data epidemiology, vulnerable populations, and temporal trends.

Background:
Firearm injury is the leading cause of death in children and adolescents in the United States. Nonfatal injury is critical to fully define the problem, yet accurate data at the national level are lacking.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study combining national firearm injury data from the Centers for Disease Control (fatal) and the National Trauma Data Bank (nonfatal) between 2008 and 2019 for ages 0 to 17 years. Data were analyzed using descriptive and χ2 comparisons and linear regression.

Results:
Approximately 5000 children and adolescents are injured or killed by firearms each year. Nonfatal injuries are twice as common as fatal injuries. Assault accounts for the majority of injuries and deaths (67%), unintentional 15%, and self-harm 14%. Black youth suffer disproportionally higher injuries overall (crude rate: 49.43/million vs White, non-Hispanic: 15.76/million), but self-harm is highest in White youth. Children <12 years are most affected by nonfatal unintentional injuries, 12 to 14 years by suicide, and 15 to 17 years by assault. Nonfatal unintentional and assault injuries, homicides, and suicides have all increased significantly (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
This study adds critical and contemporary data regarding the full spectrum and recent trends of pediatric firearm injury in the United States and identifies vulnerable populations to inform injury prevention intervention and policy. Reliable national surveillance for nonfatal pediatric firearm injury is vital to accurately define and tackle this growing public health crisis.
The effect of functional calibration methods on gait kinematics in adolescents with idiopathic rotational deformity of the femur
Authors: Boekesteijn Ramon J. , van de Ven Myrthe P.F. , Wilders Lise M. , Bisseling Pepijn , Groen Brenda E. , Smulders Katrijn 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundDue to anatomical deviations, assumptions of the conventional calibration method for gait analysis may be violated in individuals with rotational deformities of the femur. We compared functional calibration methods with conventional methods in this group for 1) localization of the hip joint center (HJC) and knee axis orientation, and 2) gait kinematics.MethodsTwenty-four adolescents with idiopathic rotational deformity of the femur underwent gait analysis and a CT scan. During standing, distance between HJCs and knee axis orientation were compared between calibration methods, with CT serving as reference for HJC estimation. Gait kinematics were compared using statistical parameter mapping (SPM).FindingsFunctional calibration methods estimated the HJC closer to the CT reference (26±21mm more lateral) than the conventional method (38±21mm more medial). In the full sample, orientation of the knee joint axis was not different between calibration methods, but in adolescents with increased femoral anteversion, the knee was more internally rotated with the functional method (3.3±6.2°). During gait, SPM revealed significantly more hip flexion, more internal hip rotation during the stance phase, less knee varus-valgus motion, and larger knee flexion angles when applying the functional calibration method.InterpretationFunctional calibration methods better approximated the HJC, and showed a knee axis orientation that was more towards the direction of the deformity. This resulted in less knee joint angle crosstalk during gait. Although differences between calibration methods on gait kinematics were within clinically acceptable limits for the sagittal plane, relatively larger differences on transversal hip kinematics may hold clinical importance.
Genomic surveillance reveals early detection and transition of Delta to Omicron Lineages of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in wastewater treatment plants of Pune, India
Authors: Rajput Vinay , Pramanik Rinka , Malik Vinita , Yadav Rakeshkumar , Kadam Pradnya , Bhalerao Unnati , Tupekar Manisha , Deshpande Dipti , Shah Priyanki , Shashidhara LS , Boargaonkar Radhika , Patil Dhawal , Kale Saurabh , Bhalerao Asim , Jain Nidhi , Kamble Sanjay , Dastager Syed , Karmodiya Krishanpal , Dharne Mahesh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the urgency for rapid public health surveillance methods in early detection and monitoring of the transmission of infectious diseases. The wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as a promising tool to analyze and enumerate the prevalence of infectious pathogens in a population ahead of time. In the present study, real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Illumina sequencing was performed to determine the SARS-CoV-2 load trend and dynamics of variants over a longitudinal scale in 442 wastewater (WW) samples collected from 10 sewage treatment plants (STPs) of Pune city, India, during November 2021 to April-2022. In total 426 distinct lineages representing 17 highly transmissible variants of SARS-CoV-2 were identified. The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant fragments were detected in WW samples prior to its detection in clinical cases. Moreover, highly contagious sub-lineages of Omicron, such as BA.2.12 (0.8-0.25%), BA.2.38 (0.8-1.0%), BA.2.75 (0.01-0.02%), BA.3 (0.09-6.3%), BA.4 (0.24-0.29%), and XBB (0.01-13.7%) fragments were significantly detected. The longitudinal analysis also suggested the presence of the BA.5 lineage in November 2021, which was not reported in the clinical settings throughout the duration of this study, indicative of silent variant persistence. Overall, the present study demonstrated the practicality of WBE in early detection of SARS CoV-2 variants, which could be useful in tracking future outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2. Such approaches could be implicated in the monitoring of the infectious agents before they appear in clinical cases.Highlights□Omicron fragments were detected in the sewershed samples prior to clinical samples.□Omicron sub-lineages BA.2.12, BA.2.38, BA.2.75, BA.3, BA.4, and XBB were prevalent.□Lineage composition analysis indicated transition from Delta to Omicron variant indicated cause of third wave in India.□Overall, 426 lineages of 17 highly transmissible variants of SARS-CoV-2 were detected in the study.
COVID-19 preventive measures in Rohingya refugee camps: An assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice toward COVID-19
Authors: Halder Charls Erik , Hasan Md Abeed , Mohamud Yussuf Mohamed , Nyawara Marsela , Okello James Charles , Mizan Md Nahid , Sayum Md Abu 
Published: February 2023

Background: Although many studies were conducted on COVID-19 knowledge, attitude, and practice among the general population in many countries, very little is known about refugees, particularly Rohingya refugees in Cox's Bazar. A vast array of Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE) interventions were implemented in Cox’s Bazar with the intent of reducing disease transmission by empowering the community to adopt public health measures. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the current state of knowledge, attitude, and practice among Rohingya refugees as a result of RCCE initiatives. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 500 Rohingya individuals. Participants in the study were Rohingya refugees residing in five randomly selected camps where IOM health was operating. Using a structured questionnaire, skilled community health workers surveyed the Rohingya population. In addition to the survey on knowledge, attitude, and practice, the study gathered information on the perspectives and relevance of sociodemographic factors that influence KAP. Results: The study findings indicate that the mean scores for knowledge, attitude, and practice were 9.93 (out of 14), 7.55 (out of 11), and 2.71 (out of 7) respectively. Association was found between knowledge and practice level and age group – elderly age group (>/= 61 years) had less level of knowledge (AOR 0.42, P value= 0.05) and the late mid age group (46 – 60 years) had better practice level (AOR 2.67, P value <0.001). A significant association was also found between good knowledge level and medium family size (5 – 6 members) (P value= 0.02). Conclusions: The study reveals that the Cox's Bazar Rohingya refugee community has a low knowledge and attitude score about COVID-19 prevention measures. Especially the KAP scores were found significantly low in elderly population. Despite RCCE interventions, the practice level of these measures exhibited a considerably low score. Poor implementation of preventive measures must be identified and remedied, involving the community in future outbreaks of a similar nature.
The cerebellum and cognitive function: anatomical evidence from a transdiagnostic sample
Authors: Bègue Indrit , Elandaloussi Yannis , Delavari Farnaz , Cao Hengyi , Moussa-Tooks Alexandra , Roser Mathilde , Coupé Pierrick , Leboyer Marion , Kaiser Stefan , Houenou Josselin , Brady Roscoe , Laidi Charles 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe cerebellum, most known for its role in motor control, exerts a key role in cognition. Multiple lines of evidence across human functional, lesion and animal data point to a role of the cerebellum, in particular of Crus I, Crus II and Lobule VIIB, in cognitive function. However, whether cerebellar substrates pertaining to distinct facets of cognitive function exist is not known.MethodsWe analyzed structural neuroimaging data from the Healthy Brain Network (HBN). Cerebellar parcellation was performed via a standard validated automated segmentation pipeline (CERES) with stringent visual quality check (n = 662 subjects retained from initial n = 1452). We used data-driven canonical correlation analyses (CCA) to examine regional gray matter volumetric (GMV) differences in association to cognitive function assessed with the NIH Toolbox Cognition Domain (NIH-TB). Our multivariate analyses accounted for psychopathology severity, age, sex, scan location and intracranial volume.ResultsMultivariate CCA uncovered a significant correlation between two components entailing a latent cognitive canonical variate composed of NIH-TB subscales and the brain canonical variate (cerebellar regions’ GMV and intracranial volume, ICV). A bootstrapping and a permutation procedure ensured the results are statistically significant and the CCA model, stable. The identified components correspond to only partly shared cerebellar -cognitive function relationship with a first map encompassing cognitive flexibility (r=0.89) and speed of processing (r=0.65) associated with regional gray matter volume in Crus II (r=0.57) and Lobule X (r=0.59) and a second map including the Crus I (r=0.49) and Lobule VI (r=0.49) associated with cognitive control (r=-0.51). Working memory associations were similarly present in both these maps (Crus II, Lobule X, Crus I and Lobule VI) for the first (r=0.52) and second (r=0.51) component.DiscussionOur results show evidence in favor of structural sub-specialization in the cerebellum, independently of psychopathology contributions to cognitive function and brain structure. Overall, these findings highlight a prominent role for the human cerebellum in cognitive function for flexible and stable adaptive behavior.
Detecting adrenal lesions on 3D CT scans using a 2.5D deep learning model
Authors: Poon Sanson T. S. , Hanna Fahmy W. F. , Lemarchand François , George Cherian , Clark Alexander , Lea Simon , Coleman Charlie , Sollazzo Giuseppe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMany cases of adrenal lesions, known as adrenal incidentalomas, are discovered incidentally on CT scans performed for other medical conditions. Whilst they are largely benign, these lesions can be secretory and/or malignant. Therefore, early investigation is crucial to promptly and efficiently manage those requiring intervention whilst to reassuring the remaining majority in a timely manner. Traditionally, the detection of adrenal lesions on CT scans relies on manual analysis by radiologists, which can be time-consuming and unsystematic. Using AI and deep learning, we examined whether or not applying these technology can augment the detection of adrenal incidentalomas in CT scans. We developed a 2.5D deep learning model to perform image classification on 3D CT scans of patients to classify between lesion and healthy adrenal glands. When tested on an independent test set, our 2.5D model obtained an AUC of the ROC curve of 0.95, and a classification sensitivity of 0.86, and specificity of 0.89. These results suggest that deep learning may be a promising tool for detecting adrenal lesions and improving patient care.
Criticality supports cross-frequency cortical-thalamic information transfer during conscious states
Authors: Toker Daniel , Müller Eli , Miyamoto Hiroyuki , Riga Maurizio S. , Lladó-Pelfort Laia , Yamakawa Kazuhiro , Artigas Francesc , Shine James M. , Hudson Andrew E. , Pouratian Nader , Monti Martin M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConsciousness is thought to be regulated by bidirectional information transfer between the cortex and thalamus, but the nature of this bidirectional communication - and its possible disruption in unconsciousness - remains poorly understood. Here, we present two main findings elucidating mechanisms of corticothalamic information transfer during conscious states. First, we identify a highly preserved spectral channel of cortical-thalamic communication which is present during conscious states but which is diminished during the loss of consciousness and enhanced during psychedelic states. Specifically, we show that in humans, mice, and rats, information sent from either the cortex or thalamus viaδ/θ/αwaves (~1.5-13 Hz) is consistently encoded by the other brain region by highγwaves (~50-100 Hz); moroever, unconsciousness induced by propofol anesthesia or generalized spike-and-wave seizures diminishes this cross-frequency communication, whereas the psychedelic 5-methoxy-N,N/-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) enhances this interregional communication. Second, we leverage numerical simulations and neural electrophysiology recordings from the thalamus and cortex of human patients, rats, and mice to show that these changes in cross-frequency cortical-thalamic information transfer are mediated by excursions of low-frequency thalamocortical electrodynamics toward/away from edge-of-chaos criticality, or the phase transition from stability to chaos. Overall, our findings link thalamic-cortical communication to consciousness, and further offer a novel, mathematically well-defined framework to explain the disruption to thalamic-cortical information transfer during unconscious states.
Burden of lower respiratory tract infections preventable by adult immunization with 15- and 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in the United States
Authors: Lewnard Joseph A. , Hong Vennis , Bruxvoort Katia J. , Grant Lindsay R. , Jódar Luis , Cané Alejandro , Arguedas Adriano , Pomichowski Magdalena E. , Gessner Bradford D. , Tartof Sara Y. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundUpdated 2022 recommendations indicate all US adults aged ≥65 years and adults aged <65 years with comorbid conditions should receive 15- and 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV15/20). We aimed to assess the potential impact of these recommendations on the burden of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) among adults.MethodsWe estimated the incidence of LRTI cases and associated hospital admissions among enrollees of Kaiser Permanente Southern California health plans from 2016-19. We used a counterfactual inference framework to estimate excess LRTI-associated risk of death up to 180 days after diagnosis. We used prior estimates of PCV13 effectiveness against all-cause and serotype-specific LRTI to model potential direct effects of PCV15/20 by age group and risk status.ResultsUse of PCV15 and PCV20, respectively, could prevent 89.3 (95% confidence interval: 41.3-131.8) and 108.6 (50.4-159.1) medically-attended LRTI cases per 10,000 person-years; 21.9 (10.1-32.0) and 26.6 (12.4-38.7) hospitalized LRTI cases per 10,000 person-years; and 7.1 (3.3-10.5) and 8.7 (4.0-12.7) excess LRTI-associated deaths per 10,000 person-years. Among at-risk adults aged <65 years not previously prioritized for receipt of PCV13, PCV15 and PCV20, respectively, could prevent 85.7 (39.6-131.5) and 102.7 (47.8-156.7) medically-attended LRTI cases per 10,000 person-years; 5.1 (2.4-8.6) and 6.2 (2.8-10.2) LRTI hospitalizations per 10,000 person-years, and 0.9 (0.4-1.4) and 1.1 (0.5-1.7) excess LRTI-associated deaths per 10,000 person-years. Expansions in serotype coverage, relative to PCV13, accounted for the majority of the expected increase in vaccine-preventable hospitalizations and deaths.ConclusionsOur findings suggest recent recommendations including PCV15/20 within adult pneumococcal vaccine series may substantially reduce LRTI burden.Key pointsUse of PCV15/20 among US adults aged ≥65 years may prevent 521,000-626,000 LRTI cases, 127,000-154,000 hospitalizations, and 50,000-61,000 excess deaths, annually.Updated recommendations for PCV15/20 among adults aged <65 years may prevent 441,000-526,000 LRTI cases, 39,000-46,000 hospitalizations, and 8,000-9,000 deaths annually.