bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Biocompatibility and Wound Healing Potential of Bilayered Scaffold With Electrospun Gentamicin‐Loaded Pullulan/PVA/Gum Arabic Nanofibers and Solvent‐Casted PLA
Authors: Das Kuhelika , Tiwari Vikas , Prasannavenkadesan Varatharajan , Banerjee Sanjay K. , Katiyar Vimal 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWound healing, especially for severe injuries, require dressings that absorb exudate, prevent infection, and support healing without causing trauma upon removal. Traditional single‐layered dressings often fail to balance moisture retention and protection, hindering optimal healing. To address this, a bilayered scaffold was fabricated comprising an electrospun hydrophilic sublayer of Pullulan/Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/Gum arabic blend loaded with Gentamicin and a solvent‐casted hydrophobic top layer of Polylactic acid (PLA). The hydrophilic layer was designed for direct wound contact to ease dressing removal, while the hydrophobic layer was to enhance mechanical properties, prevent moisture loss, and protect against external environment. The scaffold exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with controlled Gentamicin release of 93.09% ± 2.63% within 48 h, best described by the zero‐order model (R2 = 0.9850). It demonstrated a swelling index of 611.85% ± 15.05%, indicating its excellent exudate absorbing capacity. The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and porosity were 94.20 ± 14.50 g/m2/day and 70.56% ± 0.58%, respectively, both falling within the permissible range for wound healing. Additionally, the in vitro biocompatibility and wound healing assays conducted on human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells confirmed its noncytotoxicity and applicability in wound dressing applications.
Liquid Crystal Polycaprolactone Copolymer Elastomer With Low Autonomous Driving Temperature
Authors: Zhou Hongwei , Li Hongjin , Yan Yao , Yang Rong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTLiquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are liquid crystal polymers with moderate crosslinking that exhibit elasticity in both their isotropic and liquid crystal states. These materials can be programmed through chemical design and geometric configuration to achieve autonomous actuation at specific temperatures. Typically, the autonomous actuation temperature of LCEs exceeds the phase transition temperature of their isotropic states, with most reported LCEs requiring temperatures above 100°C. Such high temperatures pose challenges for use in soft robotics due to increased energy consumption and limited operational flexibility. In this study, we introduce a small amount of polycaprolactone (PCL) into the main chain of LCEs, effectively lowering their phase transition temperature while maintaining over 90% of the reversible shrinkage strain characteristic of pure LCEs. By adjusting the PCL content, the number of twists, and the helix density, we successfully obtained an LCE‐PCL actuator with improved autonomous actuation performance at temperatures ranging from 45°C to 105°C. Moreover, by modulating the degree of torsion and the operating temperature, the LCE‐PCL autonomous actuator demonstrates the ability to perform complex motions, such as reversing and parking. This work offers new insights into the design and application of LCEs with reduced phase transition temperatures and enhanced self‐driving capabilities.
Aminated Poly (1, 4‐Phenylene Ether Ether Sulfone) Membrane Grafted With AgTiO2–r(OXSWCNTs‐GO) Nanocomposites With Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Alqarni Sara A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this study, we created antimicrobial membranes by grafting aminated poly(1,4‐phenylene ether ether sulfone) (APEES) with silver‐doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (AgTiO2 NPs) and reduced oxidized single‐wall carbon nanotube‐graphene oxide r(OXSWCNT‐GO) nanocomposites to combat membrane biofouling, which is a major challenge in membrane technology. APEES was prepared by nitrating PEES and then reducing it to increase its hydrophilicity. Scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy were used to characterize the membranes. The antimicrobial properties of the tested membranes were found to be effective against gram‐negative bacteria, specifically Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The APEES–AgTiO2 and APEES–AgTiO2–r(OXSWCNT‐GO) nanocomposites showed larger inhibition zones than the polymers lacking Ag/TiO2. The APEES–AgTiO2 nanocomposite showed a maximum inhibition zone of 13 mm compared to the other polymers. Docking investigations confirmed these findings, revealing a strong fit of the tested polymer nanocomposites into DNA gyrase B (PDB ID: 4uro). The APEES–AgTiO2 nanocomposite had the highest docking score of −5.2728 kcal/mol, which corresponded with the observed antibacterial activity during practical testing.
Exploring Absolute Retract in Regular Hayward Black Holes and Their Implications for Astrophysics
Authors: Abu‐Saleem Mohammad , Taani Ali 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this article, we study and describe the topology of the spherically symmetric and regular (with no singularity in its event horizon) black hole, which is called Hayward black hole. We use the symmetric metric for this object, associated with the Euler‐Lagrangian equation, to derive various types of geodesic equations and components of a subspace geodesic. Under certain conditions, this approach allows us to deduce three types of absolute retractions representing the particle's motion along different axes within a 3‐D subspace. These retractions could potentially describe the region of the event horizon of Hayward black holes. We show that the radial geodesics describe motion directly toward the black hole's center, while tangential geodesics illustrate paths without angular displacement. Spacetime curvature near the event horizon emphasizes the intense gravitational effects and distortions caused by the black hole's mass. Particle motion in subspace represents constrained tangential dynamics, providing insights into localized spacetime. In addition, the study of the Hayward black hole (topology and geometry) is valuable for our understanding of general relativity, exploring the quantum field of gravity implications, and contribute to the fields of mathematical physics and astrophysics.
PARP inhibitor‐based treatment in metastatic, castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC): A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Roberto Michela , Di Civita Mattia Alberto , Marinelli Daniele , Torchia Andrea , Cara Nertila , Maltese Giulia , Speranza Iolanda , Santini Daniele 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundWe present a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with PARPi either as monotherapy or in combination with an androgen receptor‐targeted agent (ARTA) in first‐ and second‐line settings.MethodsPrimary endpoints are radiographic progression free survival (rPFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with mCRPC and either unselected, homologous recombination repair wild‐type (HRR−), homologous recombination repair mutated (HRR+) or with BRCA1, BRCA2, or ATM mutation. The effect of PARPi + ARTA in the second‐line setting is also explored. Safety is a secondary end‐point.ResultsA total of five phase III (first line: MAGNITUDE, PROpel, TALAPRO‐2; second line: PROfound, TRITON3) and two phase II RCTs (second line: NCT01972217, NCT01576172) were selected. In the first‐line setting, rPFS was significantly improved in PARPi + ARTA arm in all comers (HR 0.70, p < 0.00001), HRR− (HR 0.76, p = 0.005), HRR+ (HR 0.57, p = 0.0003), and BRCA1/2‐mutated patients (HR: 0.33, p < 0.00001). OS was improved in the population with HRR+ status (HR 0.76, p = 0.02) but not statistically significant in BRCA1/2‐mutated patients (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.30–1.08, p = 0.08). In the second line, PARPi improves rPFS (HR for BRCA2 0.31, p = 0.002) and OS (HR for BRCA1/2 0.71, p = 0.01) only in such patients. In this setting, no advantage was reported by adding a PARPi to an ARTA. The arm with PARPi either as monotherapy or in combination with ARTA showed a significantly higher toxicity profile.ConclusionsPARPi‐based therapy represents a compelling treatment option for HRR+ mCRPC, mainly BRCA1/2‐mutated patients. However, further biomarker analysis are needed in order to identify other responsive patients across the different disease settings.
Surface Amide–Mediated Synthesis of Bright Blue Fluorescent Carbon Dots for High‐Sensitivity Detection of Hg2+ Ions
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Zhao Xiaojia , Guo Hongying , Cai Yongfeng , Zhang Tao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMercury ions (Hg2+) seriously harm the central nervous system of humans, leading to brain damage and even heart failure and death. Therefore, effective detection of Hg2+ in water quality has become an urgent research field. It is very important to develop economically efficient fluorescent sensors to achieve rapid and sensitive detection of Hg2+. Therefore, the high fluorescence quantum yield fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) with amide group were prepared. The process of preparing CDs was regulated by multiple key factors (carbon source, proportion, time), and the CDs with the best fluorescence performance were selected. It was comprehensively characterized, including fluorescence performance, surface structure, phase, and morphological characteristics. The amide group endows CDs with the ability to act as both donors and acceptors for hydrogen bonding, forming complexes with metal ions, thus making them suitable for the detection of Hg2+. It is worth noting that CDs can quickly detect Hg2+ within 1 min, and there is a good linear relationship within the ranges of 0.001–200 μM and 200–500 μM. The detection limit of UC‐CDs is 8.2 nM. This study provides a fluorescent sensor with fast reaction, excellent sensitivity, and selectivity for the efficient detection of Hg2+ in water.
Panchromatic Absorption of Unsymmetrical Donor‐Acceptor Dyes Based on a Meta‐Conjugated 1,3,5‐Heteroaryltriazine Core
Authors: Rothera Jacob G. , Taing Hi , Cruz Menandro , Dmitrienko Anton , Vukotic V. Nicholas , Ryno Sean M. , Risko Chad , Mohan Raj A. , Skene William G. , Eichhorn S. Holger 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAttachment of three different heterocycles with electron donor or acceptor character to a central 1,3,5‐triazine core generates readily soluble side‐chain free dyes with two displaying soft crystalline mesomorphism and one displaying a nematic liquid crystal phase as confirmed by polarized optical microscopy, calorimetry, gravimetric analysis, and powder X‐ray diffraction. Equally intriguing is the dyes’ relatively strong electronic communication between donor and acceptor subchromophores that are meta‐conjugated to one another, which is experimentally observed as a broad intramolecular charge‐transfer absorption that can extend over 100 nm past the most intense absorption event and is computationally confirmed through density functional theory (DFT) evaluations of the molecular ground‐ and excited‐state properties. This molecular design permits the preparation of dyes with panchromatic absorption not just based on the additive absorption of individual subchromophores.
Synthesis and Reactivity of a Non‐Heme μ‐Oxodicobalt(IV) Complex
Authors: Kaur Simarjeet , Keshari Kritika , Sauvan Maxime , Velasco Lucia , Arora Pragya , Santra Aakash , Charisiadis Asterios , Ugale Ashok D. , Draksharapu Apparao , Moonshiram Dooshaye , Paria Sayantan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA mononuclear CoIII complex (1) of a bisamide‐bisalkoxide donor ligand was synthesized and thoroughly characterized. The reaction of 1 with 0.5 equiv. of m‐chloroperbenzoic acid (m‐CPBA) in acetonitrile at −40 °C resulted in the formation of a μ‐oxodicobalt(IV) complex (2), which was characterized by an array of spectroscopic techniques, including X‐ray absorption spectroscopy which revealed a short Co−Ooxo distance of 1.67 Å. Reactivity studies of 2 towards oxidation/oxygenation of hydrocarbon C−H bond and triphenylphosphine or thioanisole derivatives have been examined. UV‐vis spectroscopy studies showed the appearance of clear isosbestic points during the oxidation of substrates together with a neat transformation of 2 to 1. Detailed kinetic investigations established that 2 follows a Concerted Proton‐Electron Transfer (CPET) mechanism for hydrocarbon oxidation and has a weak electrophilic character. Catalytic behavior of 1 was noted towards the oxygen atom transfer reactions. This study showcases the spectroscopic investigation and reactivity studies of a CoIV(μ‐O)CoIV moiety. Although the FeIV analog of such a core has been described before, the study describes the first example with a CoIV center.
Energy Landscapes in Chemical Reactions and Transport
Authors: Weitzel Karl‐Michael 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBoth, molecular chemical reactions and transport of atoms in solid media are determined by the energy landscape in which the seemingly different processes take place. Chemical reactions can be described as cooperative translocation of two chemical entities on a common potential energy surface. Transport of atoms in a solid can be envisaged as the translocation of a single particle in the potential energy landscape of all other particles constituting the solid. The goal of this manuscript is to demonstrate common grounds but also distinct differences in the physico‐chemical processes, their experimental quantification and their theoretical modelling. This work will span the range from the historical foundations all the way to the current challenges. While scientists at the beginning of the 20th century where commonly active in both fields, e. g., Wilhelm Jost has pioneered and shaped the field of transport in solids and reaction kinetics in Germany, the fields have drifted apart for the last 50 decades. It is now time to bring the fields together again. Ultimately, it is suggested that knowledge gained in the field of transport may in fact stimulate advancement in the field of molecular reactivity and vice versa. Here, the energy landscapes are pivotal for knowledge‐based advancement.
A Review on Sustainable Slow‐Release N, P, K Fertilizer Hydrogels for Smart Agriculture
Authors: Mandal Manas , Singh Lodhi Roop , Chourasia Shivangi , Das Subhasis , Das Paramita 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe agricultural sector of any country plays a pivotal role in its economy. Irrigation and the provision of appropriate nutrient levels in soil are essential for optimizing plant growth and enhancing crop productivity. To support the increasing need for food due to the growing population worldwide, synthetic fertilizers have been widely used in the agricultural sector. These fertilizers could readily dissolve in the irrigation water or soil moisture, causing excessive release of the nutrients that plants cannot uptake from the root zone. The excess nutrients in the soil further harm the environment via surface run‐off, leaching, and volatilization. Thus, materials with high water absorption and retention capacity, and precise control over the prolonged fertilizer release offer a potential solution to address these issues. To meet these requirements, the development of slow‐release fertilizer hydrogels (SRFHs) represents a promising approach. SRFHs serve as natural agrochemicals to enhance crop growth and yield through controlled and self‐sustained delivery of water and nutrients. This review provides a comprehensive study on the recent advancements in SRFHs, including their preparation methods, properties, slow‐release behavior, and applications in smart agriculture. The response of soil microbial diversity to slow‐release fertilizers is briefly discussed, and the future potential of SRFHs is highlighted herein.
Optimizing Power Quality in EV Chargers Using Advanced Quadrature Signal Generators and AI‐Driven Adaptive Filtering
Authors: Yadav Gaurav , Singh Mukhtiar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAs electric vehicle (EV) adoption grows, vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) technology enables bidirectional power flow in grid‐interactive EV chargers. However, maintaining consistent power quality under nonideal grid conditions remains a challenge. Traditional PI controllers struggle to reduce total harmonic distortion (THD) and adjust to dynamic grid variations. This study explores machine learning techniques, including decision trees, artificial neural networks (ANN), and linear regression, as alternatives to conventional PI controllers. Decision trees emerge as the most advantageous due to their simplicity, interpretability, and ability to handle complex, nonlinear relationships with minimal data preprocessing. While ANN captures intricate patterns, it demands more computational resources and lacks transparency. Linear regression, though efficient, struggles with complex grid behaviors. The decision tree approach allows real‐time adaptive control, improving THD reduction and grid stability. Additionally, a CNISOGI filter is implemented to enhance harmonic attenuation and DC‐offset rejection. The system's effectiveness is validated through Matlab/Simulink simulations and a 1.1 kW hardware prototype. The results show that integrating decision tree‐based controllers with advanced filtering techniques can significantly enhance power quality, grid stability, and operational efficiency in future smart grids.
A Calculation Method Based on Analytical Formulas for Inrush Currents and Voltage Dips During Energization
Authors: Yonezawa Rikido , Kawasaki Shoji 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIf a voltage dip gets lower than a certain threshold at the moment when a transformer is energized, its mitigation is required. For this reason, when a transformer is energized, the voltage dip is calculated in advance and the need for its mitigation is considered. From the viewpoint of preventing unnecessary countermeasures, highly accurate calculations are required. However, electromagnetic transient analysis, which is known as a method with high accuracy, is not practical because its operation is rather complicated. In this paper, the analytical circuit is simplified by simulating the magnetizing inductance of the transformer with the inductance and the series connection of the ideal switch, and analytical formulas for the flux and current in the winding are derived for each switching mode. The calculated inrush currents and voltage dips during transformer energization using the derived analytical formulas agreed well with the results from electromagnetic transient analysis, which handled the nonlinear current‐flux characteristics precisely.
White Matter Tract Crossing and Bottleneck Regions in the Fetal Brain
Authors: Calixto Camilo , Soldatelli Matheus D. , Li Bo , Vasung Lana , Jaimes Camilo , Gholipour Ali , Warfield Simon K. , Karimi Davood 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThere is a growing interest in using diffusion MRI to study the white matter tracts and structural connectivity of the fetal brain. Recent progress in data acquisition and processing suggests that this imaging modality has a unique role in elucidating the normal and abnormal patterns of neurodevelopment in utero. However, there have been no efforts to quantify the prevalence of crossing tracts and bottleneck regions, important issues that have been investigated for adult brains. In this work, we determined the brain regions with crossing tracts and bottlenecks between 23 and 36 gestational weeks. We performed probabilistic tractography on 62 fetal brain scans and extracted a set of 51 distinct white matter tracts, which we grouped into 10 major tract bundle groups. We analyzed the results to determine the patterns of tract crossings and bottlenecks. Our results showed that 20%–25% of the white matter voxels included two or three crossing tracts. Bottlenecks were more prevalent. Between 75% and 80% of the voxels were characterized as bottlenecks, with more than 40% of the voxels involving four or more tracts. These results highlight the relevance of these regions to key developmental processes, specifically, the dispersion of projection fibers, the protracted growth of commissural pathways, and the emergence of association tracts that contribute to the formation of complex intersection regions. These developmental interactions lead to a high prevalence of crossing fibers and bottleneck areas, reflecting the intricate organization required for establishing structural and functional connectivity. Additionally, our results highlight the challenge of fetal brain tractography and structural connectivity assessment and call for innovative image acquisition and analysis methods to mitigate these problems.
Maternal health experiences on respectful and adequate care of immigrant women: A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Topcu Elif Goknur , Terzioglu Merve , Okumus Zihniye Gonca , Savkli Ayse Ozge , Demirkiran Cansu Irem 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveMigration of pregnant women can be challenging. Access to adequate and respectful care may not be possible. We aimed to assess the maternity care that immigrant women receive and their satisfaction with the care they experience.MethodsThis multicenter prospective study was conducted in a tertiary public hospital and a private hospital in Istanbul between April 2023 and July 2023. A face‐to‐face questionnaire was completed in the postpartum department by obstetricians and translators.ResultsIn total, 267 patients participated in this study. A majority of these patients delivered at the public hospital (75%). Approximately 21% of all deliveries in both hospitals were with foreign mothers. A majority of the patients (82%) in the public hospital said they easily reached midwives, nurses, and an obstetrician, while this number rose to 100% in the private hospital. Patients in the private hospital had a higher average number of obstetrician visits compared to those in the public hospital, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Patients in the public hospital were significantly less informed about various maternity topics than those in the private hospital group (P < 0.001 for all topics). Most patients said their ideas and thoughts were taken seriously by the health care providers (80% and 97% in the public and private hospitals, respectively). Almost all patients recommended giving birth in the same hospital (94% vs. 96%, public and private hospitals, respectively), while around 99% recommended giving birth in Turkey.ConclusionImmigrant women are overall satisfied with the care they receive in both public and private hospitals. They have easier access to obstetricians in private hospitals, as well as being more informed on maternal health issues. Clinical efforts should focus on patient education in antenatal care.