bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C-peptide level concomitant with hypoglycemia gives better performances than insulin for the diagnosis of endogenous hyperinsulinism: a single-center study of 159 fasting trials
Authors: Bonnet-Serrano Fidéline , Devin-Genteuil Clara , Thomeret Louis , Laguillier-Morizot Christelle , Leguy Marie-Clémence , Vaczlavik Anna , Bouys Lucas , Zientek Corinne , Bricaire Léopoldine , Bessiène Laura , Guignat Laurence , Libé Rossela , Mosnier-Pudar Helen , Assié Guillaume , Groussin Lionel , Guibourdenche Jean , Bertherat Jérôme 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Diagnosis of endogenous hyperinsulinism relies on the occurrence of a hypoglycemia, concomitant with inadequate high insulin and C-peptide levels. However, diagnostic cutoffs are not consensual among the different learned societies. The objective of this work was to propose optimized cutoffs for these three parameters for the diagnosis of endogenous hyperinsulinism.

Methods
All the patients having performed a fasting trial in Cochin Hospital Endocrinology Department between February 2012 and August 2022 were included. The results of glycemia, insulin and C-peptide levels during fasting trial were collected and analyzed.

Results
One hundred and fifty-nine patients were included: 26 with endogenous hyperinsulinism and 133 without endogenous hyperinsulinism. ROC analysis of glycemia nadir during fasting trial identified the value of 2.3 mmol/L as the optimal cutoff, ensuring a sensitivity of 100% associated with a specificity of 81%. ROC analysis of insulin and C-peptide levels concomitant with hypoglycemia &lt;2.3 mmol/L showed very good diagnostic performances of both parameters with respective cutoffs of 3.1 mUI/L (=21.5 pmol/L; sensitivity = 96%; specificity = 92%) and 0.30 nmol/L (sensitivity = 96%; specificity = 100%). Insulin to glycemia ratio as well as C-peptide to glycemia ratio (in pmol/mmol) at the time of glycemia nadir did not show better diagnostic performances than C-peptide alone.

Conclusion
A C-peptide level 0.3 nmol/L concomitant with a hypoglycemia &lt;2.3 mmol/L appears as the best criterion to make the diagnosis of endogenous hyperinsulinism. Insulin level can be underestimated on hemolyzed blood samples, frequently observed in fasting trial, and thus shows lower diagnostic performances.
Adrenocortical, somatotropic, and antidiuretic response to nasal glucagon in healthy subjects
Authors: Varaldo Emanuele , Bioletto Fabio , Cuboni Daniela , Prencipe Nunzia , Bona Chiara , Barale Marco , Ghigo Ezio , Grottoli Silvia , Berton Alessandro Maria , Gasco Valentina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe glucagon stimulation test involves the peptide intramuscular or subcutaneous administration for the diagnosis of hypopituitarism. To date, no data are available regarding its intranasal formulation. Our study intended to investigate the role of intranasal glucagon as a potential stimulus test for the evaluation of the corticotropic, somatotropic, and antidiuretic axes.DesignNon-randomized, single-blinded, cross-over study including 10 healthy subjects (50% women).MethodsAll participants underwent 2 days of testing, and intranasal glucagon or placebo was administered. At baseline, every 15′ up to +90′, and then every 30′ up to +180′, a blood sample was taken for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, growth hormone (GH), copeptin, glucose, insulin, sodium, potassium, and plasma osmolarity. At baseline and at the end of the test, urinary osmolarity was evaluated as well.ResultsAfter administration of both glucagon and placebo, ACTH and cortisol values decreased progressively (P &lt; 0.001), but in the drug group, the reduction in cortisol was less accentuated up to +90′ (P &lt; 0.05). Growth hormone values decreased after placebo administration (P &lt; 0.001); on the other hand, after glucagon, an increasing, yet non-significant trend was observed (P = 0.096) with the difference between the two groups evident starting from +120′ onwards (P &lt; 0.005). The placebo administration led to a reduction of copeptin, while its stability was observed after glucagon administration. Six subjects developed hypokalemia (ie, potassium &lt;3.5 mmol/L) post-glucagon, with the nadir at 45′ (3.6 [3.2-3.8] mmol/L) significantly correlated with the immediate post-glycemic rise insulin peak (Spearman's rho −0.719; P = 0.019). No significant differences were observed compared to the other analytes tested.ConclusionsIntranasal glucagon administration is not an effective stimulus for hypophyseal secretion. Hypokalemia secondary to hyperinsulinemic rebound appears to be a frequent complication of its acute administration.
Two-year outcomes of leadless vs. transvenous single-chamber ventricular pacemaker in high-risk subgroups
Authors: Boveda Serge , Higuera Lucas , Longacre Colleen , Wolff Claudia , Wherry Kael , Stromberg Kurt , El-Chami Mikhael F 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsThis study compares clinical outcomes between leadless pacemakers (leadless-VVI) and transvenous ventricular pacemakers (transvenous ventricular permanent-VVI) in subgroups of patients at higher risk of pacemaker complications.Methods and resultsThis study is based on the Micra Coverage with Evidence Development (CED) study. Patients from the Micra CED study were considered in a high-risk subgroup if they had a diagnosis of chronic kidney disease Stages 4–5 (CKD45), end-stage renal disease, malignancy, diabetes, tricuspid valve disease (TVD), or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 12 months prior to pacemaker implant. A pre-specified set of complications and reinterventions were identified using diagnosis and procedure codes. Competing risks models were used to compare reinterventions and complications between leadless-VVI and transvenous-VVI patients within each subgroup; results were adjusted for multiple comparisons. A post hoc comparison of a composite outcome of reinterventions and device complications was conducted. Out of 27 991 patients, 9858 leadless-VVI and 12 157 transvenous-VVI patients have at least one high-risk comorbidity. Compared to transvenous-VVI patients, leadless-VVI patients in four subgroups [malignancy, HR 0.68 (0.48–0.95); diabetes, HR 0.69 (0.53–0.89); TVD, HR 0.60 (0.44–0.82); COPD, HR 0.73 (0.55–0.98)] had fewer complications, in three subgroups [diabetes, HR 0.58 (0.37–0.89); TVD, HR 0.46 (0.28–0.76); COPD, HR 0.51 (0.29–0.90)) had fewer reinterventions, and in four subgroups (malignancy, HR 0.52 (0.32–0.83); diabetes, HR 0.52 (0.35–0.77); TVD, HR 0.44 (0.28–0.70); COPD, HR 0.55 (0.34–0.89)] had lower rates of the combined outcome.ConclusionIn a real-world study, leadless pacemaker patients had lower 2-year complications and reinterventions rates compared with transvenous-VVI pacing in several high-risk subgroups.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT03039712
The Fisher process of sexual selection with the coevolution of preference strength
Authors: Xu Kuangyi , Lerch Brian A , Servedio Maria R 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Sexual selection has a rich history of mathematical models that consider why preferences favor one trait phenotype over another (for population genetic models) or what specific trait value is preferred (for quantitative genetic models). Less common is exploration of the evolution of choosiness or preference strength: i.e., by how much a trait is preferred. We examine both population and quantitative genetic models of the evolution of preferences, specifically developing “baseline models” of the evolution of preference strength during the Fisher process. Using a population genetic approach, we find selection for stronger and stronger preferences when trait variation is maintained by mutation. However, this force is quite weak and likely to be swamped by drift in moderately-sized populations. In a quantitative genetic model, unimodal preferences will generally not evolve to be increasingly strong without bounds when male traits are under stabilizing viability selection, but evolve to extreme values when viability selection is directional. Our results highlight that different shapes of fitness and preference functions lead to qualitatively different trajectories for preference strength evolution ranging from no evolution to extreme evolution of preference strength.
Differential impact of glycation on apolipoprotein A-I of high-density lipoprotein: a review
Authors: Maarfi Farah , Ahmad Saheem , Alouffi Sultan , Akasha Rihab , Khan M Salman , Rafi Zeeshan , Basnet Hemashri , Khan Mohd Yasir 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHyperglycemia is a poorly controlled diabetic condition, affects about 70% of people all round the world. In the year 2015, about 41.5 crore people were diabetic and is expected to reach around 64.3 crore by the year 2040. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are considered as one of the major risk factors that cause more than half of the death of diabetic patients and promote related comorbidities. Atherosclerosis and amyloidosis are the prime factors linked with CVDs. Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) of HDL have protective action against CVDs, participate in reverse cholesterol transport mechanism and lipid metabolism, but gets easily glycated under prolonged hyperglycemic aura, i.e. glycation. ApoA-I have a potent role in maintenance of glucose level, providing a compelling link between diabetes and CVDs. Increased protein glycation in people with diabetes promote atherosclerosis, which might play possible role in promotion of protein aggregation by altering the protein structure and its confirmation. Here, we intend to investigate the mechanistic behavior of ApoA-I under the menace of glycation and its impact on ApoA-I structure and function that possibly link with aggregation or amyloidosis.
Foreign Direct Investment in Political Influence
Authors: Lee Jieun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Do foreign firms engage in domestic politics, and if so, why? I argue that foreign firms, impacted by US policies, employ subsidiaries in the US to represent their political interests in federal elections. Using original data collected for the population of corporate givers during the 2014 and 2016 election cycles, I find US subsidiaries of foreign firms to be significantly more politically active than similarly sized American firms located in the same industry. These subsidiaries are much more likely to sponsor a Political Action Committee and donate in greater amounts. I explore a variety of explanations for this disproportionate political activity, and demonstrate that it is driven in part by the foreign parent firms’ desire to gain a political foothold in the United States. Foreign direct investment therefore serves as an investment in political influence.
A highly contiguous genome assembly for the California quail (Callipepla californica)
Authors: Benham Phred M , Cicero Carla , Escalona Merly , Beraut Eric , Marimuthu Mohan P A , Nguyen Oanh , Nachman Michael W , Bowie Rauri C K 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The California quail (Callipepla californica) is an iconic native bird of scrub and oak woodlands in California and the Baja Peninsula of Mexico. Here, we report a draft reference assembly for the species generated from PacBio HiFi long read and Omni-C chromatin-proximity sequencing data as part of the California Conservation Genomics Project (CCGP). Sequenced reads were assembled into 321 scaffolds totaling 1.08 Gb in length. Assembly metrics indicate a highly contiguous and complete assembly with a contig N50 of 5.5 Mb, scaffold N50 of 19.4 Mb, and BUSCO completeness score of 96.5%. Transposable elements (TEs) occupy 16.5% of the genome, more than previous Odontophoridae quail assemblies but in line with estimates of TE content for recent long-read assemblies of chicken and Peking duck. Together these metrics indicate that the present assembly is more complete than prior reference assemblies generated for Odontophoridae quail. This reference will serve as an essential resource for studies on local adaptation, phylogeography, and conservation genetics in this species of significant biological and recreational interest.
Same-sex Pairs Retain Their Reproductive Capacity as a Potential Opportunity for Individual Reproductive Success in Termites
Authors: Wu Jia , Wang Jinpei , Wang Yonghui , Hassan Ali 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In eusocial termites, successful pairing is an essential element of dispersal and distribution after the departure of alates from natal colonies. Two situations could arise during the pairing process: mixed-sex pairs and same-sex pairs. However, most previous studies focused on mixed-sex pairs, overlooking groups formed by same-sex pairings, especially potential fecundity (the total number of oocytes or ovarioles), oogenesis and the development stage of oocytes of females in female–female pairs, and spermatogenesis and testis development of males in male–male pairs. In this study, through experimentation, we investigated the reproductive ability of virgin dealates based on various pairing types as mentioned above. We found that the life spans of virgin dealates can cover 1 yr or even more when they establish a nest with a partner, which is more than 10-fold longer than the life span of individuals establishing a colony alone. After 1 yr of pairing, the potential fecundity of virgin same sex dealates did not degenerate significantly compared with newly emerged dealates, including the number of ovarioles, size of testis, oogenesis, and the development stage of the oocytes. Moreover, when individuals of same-sex pairings experimentally changed into mixed-sex pairs after 1 yr, the eggs produced in the colony hatched into larvae. These findings suggest that dealates which through same-sex pairs retain fecundity after 1 yr have more reproductive potential than dealates that failed to pair with heterosexuals, shedding light on the ecological significance of homosexual behaviors in terms of the successful extension and fecundity of eusocial termites.
Therapeutically important bioactive compounds of the genus Polygonum L. and their possible interventions in clinical medicine
Authors: Cherian Sam , Hacisayidli Kushvar Mammadova , Kurian Renju , Mathews Allan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Increasing literature data have suggested that the genus Polygonum L. possesses pharmacologically important plant secondary metabolites. These bioactive compounds are implicated as effective agents in preclinical and clinical practice due to their pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiaging, neuroprotective or immunomodulatory properties among many others. However, elaborate pharmacological and clinical data concerning the bioavailability, tissue distribution pattern, dosage and pharmacokinetic profiles of these compounds are still scanty.

Key findings
The major bioactive compounds implicated in the therapeutic effects of Polygonum genus include phenolic and flavonoid compounds, anthraquinones and stilbenes, such as quercetin, resveratrol, polydatin and others, and could serve as potential drug leads or as adjuvant agents. Data from in-silico network pharmacology and computational molecular docking studies are also highly helpful in identifying the possible drug target of pathogens or host cell machinery.

Summary
We provide an up-to-date overview of the data from pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic profiles and preclinical (in-vitro and in-vivo) investigations and the available clinical data on some of the therapeutically important compounds of genus Polygonum L. and their medical interventions, including combating the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Identification of a novel 5-aminomethyl-2-thiouridine methyltransferase in tRNA modification
Authors: Cho Gyuhyeok , Lee Jangmin , Kim Jungwook 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe uridine at the 34th position of tRNA, which is able to base pair with the 3′-end codon on mRNA, is usually modified to influence many aspects of decoding properties during translation. Derivatives of 5-methyluridine (xm5U), which include methylaminomethyl (mnm-) or carboxymethylaminomethyl (cmnm-) groups at C5 of uracil base, are widely conserved at the 34th position of many prokaryotic tRNAs. In Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, a bifunctional MnmC is involved in the last two reactions of the biosynthesis of mnm5(s2)U, in which the enzyme first converts cmnm5(s2)U to 5-aminomethyl-(2-thio)uridine (nm5(s2)U) and subsequently installs the methyl group to complete the formation of mnm5(s2)U. Although mnm5s2U has been identified in tRNAs of Gram-positive bacteria and plants as well, their genomes do not contain an mnmC ortholog and the gene(s) responsible for this modification is unknown. We discovered that MnmM, previously known as YtqB, is the methyltransferase that converts nm5s2U to mnm5s2U in Bacillus subtilis through comparative genomics, gene complementation experiments, and in vitro assays. Furthermore, we determined X-ray crystal structures of MnmM complexed with anticodon stem loop of tRNAGln. The structures provide the molecular basis underlying the importance of U33-nm5s2U34-U35 as the key determinant for the specificity of MnmM.
Kidney disease and stroke: epidemiology and potential mechanisms of susceptibility
Authors: Bobot Mickaël , Suissa Laurent , Hak Jean-François , Burtey Stéphane , Guillet Benjamin , Hache Guillaume 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an increased risk of both ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke compared with the general population. Both acute and chronic kidney impairment are independently associated with poor outcome after the onset of a stroke, after adjustment for confounders. End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is associated with a 7- and 9-fold increased incidence of both ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes, respectively, poorer neurological outcome and a 3-fold higher mortality. Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in 12% of patients with stroke and is associated with a 4-fold increased mortality and unfavourable functional outcome. CKD patients seem to have less access to revascularisation techniques like thrombolysis and thrombectomy despite their poorer prognosis. Even if CKD patients could benefit from these specific treatments in acute ischaemic stroke, their prognosis remains poor. After thrombolysis, CKD is associated with a 40% increased risk of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), a 20% increase in mortality and poorer functional neurological outcomes. After thrombectomy, CKD is not associated with ICH but is still associated with increased mortality, and AKI with unfavourable outcome and mortality. The beneficial impact of gliflozins on the prevention of stroke is still uncertain. Non-traditional risk factors of stroke, like uraemic toxins, can lead to chronic cerebrovascular disease predisposing to stroke in CKD, notably through an increase in the blood–brain barrier permeability and impaired coagulation and thrombosis mechanisms. Preclinical and clinical studies are needed to specifically assess the impact of these non-traditional risk factors on stroke incidence and outcomes, aiming to optimize and identify potential therapeutic targets.
Two interacting basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors control flowering time in rice
Authors: Yin Yanbin , Yan Zhiqiang , Guan Jianing , Huo Yiqiong , Wang Tianqiong , Li Tong , Cui Zhibo , Ma Wenhong , Wang Xiaoxue , Chen Wenfu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Flowering time is one of the most important agronomic traits affecting the adaptation and yield of rice (Oryza sativa). Heading date 1 (Hd1) is a key factor in the photoperiodic control of flowering time. In this study, two basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, Hd1 Binding Protein 1 (HBP1) and Partner of HBP1 (POH1) were identified as transcriptional regulators of Hd1. We generated knockout mutants of HBP1 and ectopically expressed transgenic lines of the two bHLH transcription factors and used these lines to investigate the roles of these two factors in regulating flowering time. HBP1 physically associated with POH1 forming homo- or heterodimers to perform their functions. Both HBP1 and POH1 bound directly to the cis-acting elements located in the promoter of Hd1 to activate its expression. CRISPR/Cas9-generated knockout mutations of HBP1, but not POH1 mutations, promoted earlier flowering time; conversely, HBP1 and POH1 overexpression delayed flowering time in rice under long-day and short-day conditions by activating the expression of Hd1 and suppressing the expression of Early heading date 1 (Ehd1), Heading date 3a (Hd3a), and Rice Flowering locus T 1 (RFT1), thus controlling flowering time in rice. Our findings revealed a mechanism for flowering time control through transcriptional regulation of Hd1 and laid theoretical and practical foundations for improving the growth period, adaptation, and yield of rice.
Shear hardening in frictionless amorphous solids near the jamming transition
Authors: Pan Deng , Meng Fanlong , Jin Yuliang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe jamming transition, generally manifested by a rapid increase of rigidity under compression (i.e. compression hardening), is ubiquitous in amorphous materials. Here we study shear hardening in deeply annealed frictionless packings generated by numerical simulations, reporting critical scalings absent in compression hardening. We demonstrate that hardening is a natural consequence of shear-induced memory destruction. Based on an elasticity theory, we reveal two independent microscopic origins of shear hardening: (i) the increase of the interaction bond number and (ii) the emergence of anisotropy and long-range correlations in the orientations of bonds—the latter highlights the essential difference between compression and shear hardening. Through the establishment of physical laws specific to anisotropy, our work completes the criticality and universality of jamming transition, and the elasticity theory of amorphous solids.
Rethinking how and when to report descriptions of behavior change content within interventions: a case study of an ongoing physical activity trial (ready steady 3.0)
Authors: McMahon Siobhan K , Macheledt Kait , Choma Elizabeth A , Lewis Beth A , Guan Weihua , Wyman Jean F , Rothman Alexander J 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSpecifications of what and how much health behavior change (BC) content within research interventions are needed to advance BC science, its implementation, and dissemination. We analyzed the types and dosages of the smallest potentially active BC ingredients and associated behavioral prescriptions intended to be delivered in an ongoing physical activity optimization trial for older adults (Ready Steady 3.0 [RS3]). We defined BC types as behavior change techniques (BCT) and behavioral prescriptions. Our protocol integrated the BCT Taxonomy coding procedures with BCT roles (primary or secondary) and, when relevant, linkages to behavioral prescriptions. Primary BCTs targeted theoretical mechanisms of action, whereas secondary BCTs supported primary BCT delivery. Behavioral prescriptions represented what participants were encouraged to do with each primary BCT in RS3 (ascertain, practice, implement). We assessed dosage parameters of duration, frequency, and amount in each BCT and prescription.Results provided a catalog of in-depth, multidimensional content specifications with 12 primary BCTs, each supported by 2-7 secondary BCTs, with dosages ranging from 2 to 8 weeks, 1 to 8 contacts, and 5 to 451 minutes. Minutes spent on behavioral prescriptions varied: ascertain (1 to 41), practice (5 to 315), and implement (0 to 38). Results can be organized and summarized in varied ways (e.g., by content component) to strengthen future assessments of RS3 fidelity and intervention refinement.Results highlight potential benefits of this early, integrated approach to analyzing BC content and frames questions about how such information might be incorporated and disseminated with reporting research outcomes.