bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amino acid regulated citrus pectin‐based emulsion stability mediated by pH
Authors: Tian Guifang , Huo Man , Yang Xiaohan , Mao Kemin , Liu Xiaohan , Sang Yaxin , Li Jiangtao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundCitrus residuals are rich in nutrients like pectin, essential oil, and amino acids, which are wasted in the food industry. Moreover, citrus components often coexist with amino acids during emulsion preparation and application.ResultsAdding glutamic or arginine after emulsification resulted in a stable emulsion compared with adding them before emulsification. Adding glycine before or after emulsification had no effect on the emulsion stability. Emulsion stability was improved by adding glutamic acid at pH 6. Ionic interaction and hydrogen bonding were the main forms of bonding. The rhamnogalacturonan II domain was the potential binding site for the amino acids.ConclusionsThe emulsions prepared by adding acidic amino acids or basic amino acids after emulsification were stable relative to those in which the amino acids were added before emulsification. However, the order in which neutral amino acids were added did not affect the emulsion stability after storage for 7 days. With an increase in the pH level, droplet size increased and emulsion stability decreased. All the results could be attributed to changes in the structure and properties of citrus pectin, as well as the interaction between citrus pectin and amino acids. This study may expand the application of citrus‐derived emulsions in the food industry. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Data‐analysis method for hydrogen embrittlement tuning‐fork test
Authors: Pohjonen Aarne , Latypova Renata , Seppälä Oskari 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA new data‐analysis method is proposed for processing time‐force data obtained from a recently developed novel tuning‐fork test that has been utilized in hydrogen embrittlement studies. The analysis method is based on the application of suitable functions that are shown to provide a good fit to the data. The fitted functions allow for the calculation of first‐ and second‐order time derivatives from the initially scattered data. The negative peaks of the second‐order derivatives of the fitted functions can be associated with the more sudden changes that could be observed in the experimental data. Since these sudden changes are expected to be related to the operation of the mechanisms at the microstructural level, the present analysis provides a potentially useful method for obtaining knowledge of the operation of these mechanisms.
Miniaturized tapered‐slot ultra‐wideband Vivaldi antenna for ice sounding radar
Authors: Won Hoyun , Hong Yang‐Ki , Choi Minyeong , Lee Woncheol , Taylor Drew , Chung Changhyun , Lee Joohan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a novel high‐gain, miniaturized, and ultra‐wideband tapered‐slot Vivaldi antenna (TSVA) for ice‐sounding radar applications. To miniaturize the antenna and improve the impedance matching and antenna gain of conventional TSVA, tapered slot edge, circular cavity, rectangular cavity, inner circular patch, and rectangular slit structures are newly designed and introduced. The simulation results show that the size of the designed Vivaldi antenna is reduced by 15% and increases the peak realized gain by up to 5.1 dBi, compared to the conventional Vivaldi antenna. The optimized Vivaldi antenna was fabricated and characterized for its antenna performance. The simulated results are in good agreement with the measured results.
Validation of the presence of fast exchanging amineCESTeffect at low saturation powers and its influence on the quantification ofAPT
Authors: Sun Casey , Zhao Yu , Zu Zhongliang 
Published: June 2023

PurposeAccurately quantifying the amide proton transfer (APT) effect and the underlying exchange parameters is crucial for its applications, but previous studies have reported conflicting results. In these quantifications, the CEST effect from the fast exchange amine was always ignored because it was considered weak with low saturation powers. This paper aims to evaluate the influence of the fast exchange amine CEST on the quantification of APT at low saturation powers.MethodsA quantification method with low and high saturation powers was used to distinguish APT from the fast exchange amine CEST effect. Simulations were conducted to assess the method's capability to separate APT from the fast exchange amine CEST effect. Animal experiments were performed to assess the relative contributions from the fast exchange amine and amide to CEST signals at 3.5 ppm. Three APT quantification methods, each with varying degrees of contamination from the fast exchange amine, were employed to process the animal data to assess the influence of the amine on the quantification of APT effect and the exchange parameters.ResultsThe relative size of the fast exchange amine CEST effect to APT effect gradually increases with increasing saturation power. At 9.4 T, it increases from approximately 20% to 40% of APT effect with a saturation power increase from 0.25 to 1 μT.ConclusionThe fast exchange amine CEST effect leads overestimation of APT effect, fitted amide concentration, and amide–water exchange rate, potentially contributing to the conflicting results reported in previous studies.
Experimental convergence rate study for three shock‐capturing schemes and development of highly accurate combined schemes
Authors: Chu Shaoshuai , Kovyrkina Olyana A. , Kurganov Alexander , Ostapenko Vladimir V. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe study experimental convergence rates of three shock‐capturing schemes for hyperbolic systems of conservation laws: the second‐order central‐upwind (CU) scheme, the third‐order Rusanov‐Burstein‐Mirin (RBM), and the fifth‐order alternative weighted essentially non‐oscillatory (A‐WENO) scheme. We use three imbedded grids to define the experimental pointwise, integral, and convergence rates. We apply the studied schemes to the shallow water equations and conduct their comprehensive numerical convergence study. We verify that while the studied schemes achieve their formal orders of accuracy on smooth solutions, after the shock formation, a part of the computed solutions is affected by shock propagation and both the pointwise and integral convergence rates reduce there. Moreover, while the convergence rates for the CU and A‐WENO schemes, which rely on nonlinear stabilization mechanisms, reduce to the first order, the RBM scheme, which utilizes a linear stabilization, is clearly second‐order accurate. Finally, relying on the conducted experimental convergence rate study, we develop two new combined schemes based on the RBM and either the CU or A‐WENO scheme. The obtained combined schemes can achieve the same high order of accuracy as the RBM scheme in the smooth areas while being non‐oscillatory near the shocks.
Carbon dots modified PANI nanocomposites in acrylic resin coatings for enhancing the anticorrosion and antifouling properties
Authors: Ren Xianyan , Wang Xinyuan , Yang Xin , Hu Ming , Xie Hai Hang , Wang Chao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractZero‐dimensional nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (N‐CDs) have been proved effective when introduced into the polymerization system of aniline as the hard template to synthesis small‐sized, monodisperse and highly conductive N‐CDs/PANI (N‐CDs/PANI) nanocomposites, which were then added into acrylic (AC) resin to produce coatings with excellent corrosion resistance and antifouling performances in this paper. Compared with the PANI, the N‐CDs/PANI did show remarkably improved anticorrosion and antifouling properties. The protection efficiency of the AC resin coating was increased by 5 times and to 57.3% with the addition of the N‐CDs/PANI, which is higher than that of the AC resin coating, about 37.0%, with the addition of the PANI. In addition, the AC resin coating containing N‐CDs/PANI exhibited additional antifouling properties with an algae inhibition rate of about 24.6%, since the redox property of the carbon dots could destroy the photosynthesis of microorganisms such as Chlorella. Furthermore, because that the N‐CDs/PANI had better dispersibility than PANI and could be more uniformly dispersed in the AC resin, the adhesion of the N‐CDs/PANI‐AC coating was better than that of the PANI‐AC coating.
Recent bioanalytical methods for the isolation of bioactive natural products from genus Codonopsis
Authors: Dar Alamgir A. , Abrol Vidushi , Singh Nasseb , Gashash Ebtesam A. , Dar Showket A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionChromatography and spectroscopy are nowadays well‐validated techniques allowing to isolate and purify different class of natural products from the genus Codonopsis. Several categories of phytochemicals with drug like properties have been selectively extracted, isolated, characterised by this methodology.ObjectivesThe present review aims to provide up‐to‐date and comprehensive information on the chromatography, phytochemistry and pharmacology of natural products of Codonopsis with an emphasis on the search for natural products having various biological activities and the semi‐synthetic derivatives of bioactive ones and to highlight current gaps in knowledge.Materials and methodsA literature search was performed in the SciFinder Scholar, PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases.ResultsDuring the period covered in this review, several classes of compounds have been reported from genus Codonopsis. Codonopsis pilosula and Codonopsis lanceolata are the most popular in the genus especially as per phytochemical and bioactive studies. Phytochemical investigation demonstrates that Codonopsis species contain mainly xanthones, flavonoids, alkaloids, polyacetylenes, phenylpropanoids, triterpenoids and polysaccharides, which contribute to numerous bioactivities. The major bioactive compounds isolated were used for semi‐synthetic modification to increase the chance to discover lead compound.ConclusionsIt can be concluded that genus Codonopsis has been used as traditional medicines and food materials around the world over years due to chemical constituents with diverse structural types, exhibiting extensive pharmacological activities in immune system, blood system, cardiovascular system, central nervous system, digestive system, and so forth, with almost no obvious toxicity and side effect. Therefore, Codonopsis can be used as a promising ethnopharmacological plant source.
Real‐world analysis of metastatic prostate cancer demonstrates increased frequency of PSA‐imaging discordance with visceral metastases and upfront ARAT/docetaxel therapy
Authors: Hara Takuto , Terakawa Tomoaki , Okamura Yasuyoshi , Bando Yukari , Furukawa Junya , Harada Kenichi , Nakano Yuzo , Fujisawa Masato 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate the background and treatment course of patients with metastatic prostate cancer (PC), with a particular focus on radiographic progression in the absence of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) progression.MethodsThe study population consisted of 229 patients with metastatic hormone‐sensitive PC (HSPC), who received prostate biopsy and androgen deprivation therapy at Kobe University Hospital between January 2008 and June 2022. Clinical characteristics were retrospectively evaluated using medical records. PSA progression‐free status was defined as ≤1.05 times greater than that from 3 months before. Multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model to identify parameters associated with time to progression on imaging without PSA elevation.ResultsA total of 227 patients with metastatic HSPC without neuroendocrine PC were identified. The median follow‐up period was 38.0 months, with a median overall survival of 94.9 months. Six patients exhibited disease progression on imaging without PSA elevation during HSPC treatment, three during first‐line castration‐resistant PC (CRPC) treatment, and two during late‐line CRPC treatment. The rate of disease progression without PSA elevation at 3 years after treatment initiation was 7.4%. Multivariate analysis revealed that organ metastases and upfront treatment with docetaxel or androgen receptor axis‐targeted therapy were independent prognostic factors for imaging progression without PSA elevation.ConclusionsDisease progression on imaging without PSA elevation occurred not only during HSPC treatment and first‐line CRPC treatment, but also during late‐line CRPC treatment. Patients with visceral metastases or those treated with upfront androgen receptor axis‐targeted or docetaxel may be more prone to such progression.
An autonomous spraying robot architecture for sucker management in large‐scale hazelnut orchards
Authors: Lippi Martina , Santilli Matteo , Carpio Renzo Fabrizio , Maiolini Jacopo , Garone Emanuele , Cristofori Valerio , Gasparri Andrea 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this work, motivated by the precision agriculture (PA) paradigm, we address the problem of managing hazelnut suckering plants on a per‐plant basis in a large‐scale orchard. Suckering plants, or shortly, suckers, are basal shoots that grow at the base of a tree and compete with the tree itself for nutrients and water. Generally, in large‐scale orchards, suckers are treated with the application of herbicide through spraying tractors that continuously spray the crops while navigating the whole orchard. This approach however does not consider the individual needs of each plant and it is definitely not environmentally‐friendly since a lot of unnecessary solution is being drained in the soil. For this reason, we propose a novel fully autonomous sucker management architecture that is able to detect the presence of suckers for each plant, by relying on a You Only Look Once (YOLO)‐based recognition system, reconstruct them in three‐dimension and estimate the amount of herbicide solution needed for the specific plant, based on a data‐driven approach. The herbicide solution is applied using a ground robot equipped with an RGB‐D camera and a spraying system. This approach allows to significantly reduce pollution and waste. Experimental results both for individual components and for the entire architecture in a real‐world (1:1 scale) hazelnut orchard located in Caprarola, Italy, are provided to corroborate the proposed architecture.
Development of a 2D digital proton–proton scattering technique for hydrogen depth profiling
Authors: Biganeh Ali , Rafi‐Kheiri Hossein , Badri Mojtaba , Kakavand Tayeb , Jokar Alireza 
Published: June 2023

Measuring hydrogen concentration and determining its depth profile in different substrates has always been a major challenge for material science. Proton–proton scattering is a nondestructive technique for hydrogen analysis in thin samples. In this paper, the development of a 2D coincidence proton–proton spectroscopy was performed using a 3 MeV Van de Graaff accelerator. In the presented technique, the coincidence recording of the proton–proton scattering events by a waveform digitizer provides the sum‐difference energy spectrum of the correlated events. By determining the proton energy loss in the sample, the hydrogen depth profile was extracted. To correct the error in the counting efficiency due to the multiple scattering, the Monte Carlo simulation was performed using the Corteo code. The performance of the technique was tested by measuring the concentration of hydrogen on both sides of a thin layer of aluminum. The results confirmed that the established technique is sensitive enough to separate the hydrogen peaks of these two thin layers.
Tuning Electronic State and Charge Transport in B←N‐Containing 2D Polymer Heterostructures with Efficient Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Wang Binbin , Wang Xiao , Wang Bingbing , Dong Chung‐Li , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Yang Mengfei , Liu Yiming , Zhu Yukun , Long Xiaojing , Yang Dongjiang , Xia Yanzhi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLinear‐conjugated polymers (LCPs) are excellent semiconductor photocatalysts. However, its inherent amorphous structures and simple electron transport channels restrict efficient photoexcited charge separation and transfer. Herein, “2D conjugated engineering” is employed to design high‐crystalline polymer photocatalysts with multichannel charge transport by introducing alkoxyphenyl sidechains. The electronic state structure and electron transport pathways of the LCPs are investigated using experimental and theoretical calculations. Consequently, the 2D B←N‐containing polymers (2DPBN) exhibit excellent photoelectric characteristics, which enable the efficient separation of electron–hole and rapidly transfer photogenerated carriers to the catalyst surface for efficient catalytic reactions. Significantly, the further hydrogen evolution of 2DPBN‐4F heterostructures can be achieved by increasing the fluorine content of the backbones. This study highlights that the rational design of LCP photocatalysts is an effective strategy to spur further interest in photofunctional polymer material applications.
Rebuilding relations and countering erasure through community‐driven and owned science: A key tool to Inuit self‐determination and social transformations
Authors: Tagalik Shirley , Baker Kukik , Karetak Joe , Rahm Jrène 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article explores the meaning of community‐driven and owned science in the context of an Inuit‐led land‐based program, the Young Hunters Program. It is the foundational program of the Arviat Aqqiumavvik Society, situated in Nunavut, Canada, a community‐led group dedicated to researching challenges to community wellness and designing and delivering programs to help address those challenges. We show how the program emerged locally and blends Indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) with tools of western science in respectful ways given its core sits within and emerges from what Inuit have always known to be true. We offer a description of six dimensions inherent in Inuit cultural practices and beliefs and foundational to the program activities and show how they open up various learning trajectories and possibilities for the involved young people to engage in community science. We then discuss in what ways the revitalization of IKS and practices led to community science projects that were locally meaningful and empowering with important implications for scientific work that mattered in light of locally experienced and devastating climate change threats. The study speaks to the importance of rebuilding relations and decolonizing knowledge systems and science practices, two key tools to Inuit self‐determination and social transformations, and essential to achieving more social justice and equity in and beyond community science.
Allyl isothiocyanate inhibits cell migration and invasion in human gastric cancer AGS cells via affecting PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathway in vitro
Authors: Lin Tzu‐Shun , Huang Wan‐Nei , Yang Jiun‐Long , Peng Shu‐Fen , Liu Kuo‐Ching , Chen Jaw‐Chyun , Hsia Te‐Chun , Huang An‐Cheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMetastasis is commonly occurred in gastric cancer, and it is caused and responsible for one of the major cancer‐related mortality in gastric cancer patients. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a natural product, exhibits anticancer activities in human many cancer cells, including gastric cancer. However, no available report shows AITC inhibits gastric cancer cell metastasis. Herein, we evaluated the impact of AITC on cell migration and invasion of human gastric cancer AGS cells in vitro. AITC at 5–20 μM did not induce significant cell morphological damages observed by contrast‐phase microscopy but decreased cell viability assayed by flow cytometry. After AGS cells were further examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), which indicated AITC affected cell membrane and morphology in AGS cells. AITC significantly suppressed cell motility examined by scratch wound healing assay. The results of the gelatin zymography assay revealed that AITC significantly suppressed the MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 activities. In addition, AITC suppressed cell migration and invasion were performed by transwell chamber assays at 24 h in AGS cells. Furthermore, AITC inhibited cell migration and invasion by affecting PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways in AGS cells. The decreased expressions of p‐AKTThr308, GRB2, and Vimentin in AGS cells also were confirmed by confocal laser microscopy. Our findings suggest that AITC may be an anti‐metastasis candidate for human gastric cancer treatment.
Acupuncture combined with ondansetron for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in high‐risk patients undergoing laparoscopic gynaecological surgery: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Yan Shiyan , Xu Mingjun , Zou Xuan , Xiong Zhiyi , Li Hewen , Yang Jingwen , Cao Wenchao , Zhu Ziqiong , Liu Cunzhi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundConsensus guidelines recommend the use of multiple antiemetics as prophylaxis in patients at high risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), but the evidence regarding combining acupuncture and antiemetics as a multimodal approach was of very low quality.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the effect of combinations of acupuncture with ondansetron versus ondansetron alone for PONV prophylaxis in women at a high risk.MethodsThis parallel, randomised controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary hospital in China. Patients who had three or four PONV risk factors on the Apfel simplified risk score, undergoing elective laparoscopic gynaecological surgery for benign pathology, were recruited. Patients in the combination group received two sessions of acupuncture treatment and 8 mg intravenous ondansetron, whereas those in the ondansetron group received ondansetron alone. The primary outcome was the incidence of PONV within 24 h postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of postoperative nausea, postoperative vomiting, adverse events etc.ResultsBetween January and July 2021, a total of 212 women were recruited, 91 patients in the combination group and 93 patients in the ondansetron group were included in the modified intention‐to‐treat analysis. In the first 24 h postoperatively, 44.0% of the patients in the combination group and 60.2% of the patients in the ondansetron group experienced nausea, vomiting, or both (difference, −16.3% [95% CI, −30.5 to −2.0]; risk ratio, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.55–0.97]; p = 0.03). However, the results of the secondary outcomes showed that compared to ondansetron alone, acupuncture together with ondansetron was only effective in reducing nausea but did not have a significant impact on vomiting. The incidence of adverse events was similar between the groups.ConclusionAcupuncture combined with ondansetron as a multimodal prophylaxis approach is more effective than ondansetron alone in preventing postoperative nausea in high‐risk patients.