bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Informal service economy: a research study of attitudes, motivations and practices among informal entrepreneurs
Authors: Del Giudice Oscar Naranjo , Giraldo Mario , Alkire Linda , Orozco Restrepo Gabriel 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
This study aims to explore how the attitudes, motivations and practices of informal entrepreneurs, who choose service exclusion, prevent them from recognizing and taking advantage of transformative opportunities and embracing change.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted a two-year study to explore five types of informal entrepreneurs (musicians, street vendors, artists, owners of informal smoke shops and street food vendors). The authors used semi-structured interviews and applied thematic analysis (ATA) of popular music and narratives to shed light on their attitudes, motivations and practices.

Findings
The study shows how potential service participants freely exclude themselves from services and transformative service initiatives, preventing them from realizing opportunities and embracing change that can improve their well-being. The study also demonstrates that to serve human needs fairly, service designers need to recognize that some actors require more attention and resources than others to achieve their potential.

Originality/value
The study challenges the notion that any population experiencing vulnerability wants help and chooses to participate in transformative service initiatives. Service participants can, in fact, exclude themselves from services and transformative service initiatives by free will, demonstrating that service exclusion is a multidirectional phenomenon, not unidirectional. Additionally, the paper analyzes narratives gathered from aesthetic expressions, using principles of ATA, introducing music thematic analysis as a research approach.
The importance of digital mental health interventions to support people with diabetes-related psychological outcomes: a narrative review
Authors: Adeel Ayesha , Kannangara Chathurika , Bharaj Harnovdeep Singh , Basu Ambar , Green Barrie , Ogilvie Lisa , Carson Jerome 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
Digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) are promising alternatives to traditional face-to-face psychological interventions to improve psychological outcomes in various chronic health conditions. However, their efficacy among people with diabetes is yet to be established. Therefore, this narrative review aims to identify the importance and need for evidence-based research on DMHIs targeting the psychological outcomes in people with diabetes.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a narrative review approach, this study highlights the technological advancements in diabetes health care and identifies a need for developing DMHIs for people with diabetes.

Findings
DMHIs are promising for improving psychological outcomes in people with diabetes. However, there is a need for further rigorous, controlled and high-quality diabetes-focused studies, to make firm conclusions on the effectiveness and appropriateness of DMHIs for patients with diabetes. This review also suggests that DMHIs based on psychological theories and studies with higher quality methodologies are also needed.

Originality/value
This review highlights the contemporary literature on diabetes and related technological advancements. The findings of this study serve as a basis of the improvement of policy on digital mental health services for people with diabetes, to impact the global burden of the disease.
A syntactic method for robot imitation learning of complex sequence task
Authors: Du Yu , Jian Jipan , Zhu Zhiming , Pan Dehua , Liu Dong , Tian Xiaojing 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
Aiming at the problems of weak generalization of robot imitation learning methods and higher accuracy requirements of low-level detectors, this study aims to propose an imitation learning method based on structural grammar.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper proposes a hybrid training model based on artificial immune algorithm and the Baum–Welch algorithm to extract the action information of the demonstration activity to form the {action-object} sequence and extract the symbol description of the scene to form the symbol primitives sequence. Then, probabilistic context-free grammar is used to characterize and manipulate these sequences to form a grammar space. Minimum description length criteria are used to evaluate the quality of the grammar in the grammar space, and the improved beam search algorithm is used to find the optimal grammar.

Findings
It is found that the obtained general structure can parse the symbol primitive sequence containing noise and obtain the correct sequence, thereby guiding the robot to perform more complex and higher-order demonstration tasks.

Practical implications
Using this strategy, the robot completes the fourth-order Hanoi tower task has been verified.

Originality/value
An imitation learning method for robots based on structural grammar is first proposed. The experimental results show that the method has strong generalization ability and good anti-interference performance.
A multi-sensor based emergency healthcare monitoring system integrating heart status, stress, and alcohol detections
Authors: Kaur Karandeep , Verma Harsh Kumar 
Published: May 2023

PurposeUbiquitous health-care monitoring systems can provide continuous surveillance to a person using various sensors, including wearables and implantable and fabric-woven sensors. By assessing the state of many physiological characteristics of the patient’s body, continuous monitoring can assist in preparing for the impending emergency. To address this issue, this study aims to propose a health-care system that integrates the treatment of the impending heart, stress and alcohol emergencies. For this purpose, this study uses readings from sensors used for electrocardiography, heart rate, respiration rate, blood alcohol content percentage and blood pressure of a patient’s body.Design/methodology/approachFor heart status, stress level and alcohol detection, the parametric values obtained from these sensors are preprocessed and further divided into four, five and six phases, respectively. A final integrated emergency stage is derived from the stages that were interpreted to examine at a person’s state of emergency. A thorough analysis of the proposed model is carried out using four classification techniques, including decision trees, support vector machines, k nearest neighbors and ensemble classifiers. For all of the aforementioned detections, four metrics are used to evaluate performance: classification accuracy, precision, recall and fmeasure.FindingsEventually, results are validated against the existing health-care systems. The empirical results received reveal that the proposed model outperforms the existing health-care models in the context of metrics above for different detections taken into consideration.Originality/valueThis study proposes a health-care system capable of performing data processing using wearable sensors. It is of great importance for real-time systems. This study assures the originality of the proposed system.
Defunding the police through shared service agreements: The impact on cost savings, staffing, and public safety using a bias‐corrected synthetic control analysis
Authors: Mazeika David 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryNew Jersey (NJ) is home to more than 460 municipal police departments, including close to 60 with fewer than 11 officers. In total, the state spends around $3 billion per year on policing, 20% of the typical municipal budget. In recent history, seven NJ municipalities have disbanded their local force and contracted services with a neighbor. Using the bias‐corrected synthetic control method, results from this study reveal these locations saved on average $143 per person per year, close to $300,000 per municipality. There were fewer officers in the contracting force per capita postcontracting, but no effects on public safety. Contracting agencies also gained new services including a K‐9 Unit and full‐time detectives. However, the monies municipalities saved were largely used to cut taxes and fund capital improvements, not to fund reform efforts called for after the murder of George Floyd. Contracting thus was a way to maintain the status quo.Policy ImplicationsInterlocal police shared service agreements offer one promising model to defund the police without public safety collateral consequences. More municipalities can be encouraged to share police services by changing civil service rules and amending NJ state law, which currently limits the ability to realize cost savings. Contracts should also be required to clearly delineate service delivery and set minimum standards of service delivery.
Contact forces and motion behavior of non‐Newtonian fluid–solid food by coupled SPH–FEM method
Authors: Fan Yuhe , Zhang Lixun , Zheng Canxing , Xue Feng , Wang Zhenhan , Wang Xingyuan , Wang Lan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe non‐Newtonian fluid–solid interaction food has complex physical properties and complicated contact force, which brings the greater technical challenge to improving the food fetching rate. In this work, we used the smooth particle hydrodynamics and finite element coupling method for a node‐to‐surface penalty function contact to characterize the contact forces between non‐Newtonian fluid food and solid foods. The shear rheological properties and density of non‐Newtonian fluid food, including xanthan gum (XG) and guar gum (GG), were investigated by a viscometer and densitometer, respectively. The results showed that the shear viscosity of non‐Newtonian fluid food depends to some extent on the mass ratio of the thickening gums. We investigated the effects of the end‐effector with different fetching velocities and different inclination angles, and the nut root powder paste (NRPP) food with different ratios of XG and GG, on the fetching rate, stress‐strain, and motion behavior. The results showed that the stress increased with increasing v1 and w; however, the v2 had less effect on the stress. The sparseness of the distribution of solid food was related to the v1 and w, whereas it was less influenced by the v2. The distribution of solid food became denser in the X–Z plane and sparser in the X–Y plane with increasing inclination angle. The motion behavior of viscoelastic solid foods depended on the mass ratio of XG to GG dissolved in NRPP. The present work can provide a theoretical foundation for meal‐assisting robots and robots in the field of food engineering with the task of improving the food fetching rate.
Evidence of increases of phytol and chlorophyllide by enzymatic dephytylation of chlorophylls in smoothie made from spinach leaves
Authors: Narai‐Kanayama Asako , Yokosaka Shin‐ichi , Seo Yuji , Mikami Kouji , Yoshino Takayuki , Matsuda Hiroko 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhytol is a diterpene alcohol found abundantly in nature as the phytyl side chain of chlorophylls. Free form of phytol and its metabolites have been attracting attention because they have a potential to improve the lipid and glucose metabolism. On the other hand, phytol is unfavorable for those who suffering from Refsum's disease. However, there is little information on the phytol contents in leafy vegetables rich in chlorophylls. This study indicated that raw spinach leaves contain phytol of 0.4−1.5 mg/100 g fresh weight. Furthermore, crude enzyme extracted from the leaves showed the enzyme activities involved in dephytylation of chlorophyll derivatives and they were high at mild alkaline pH and around 45°C, and lowered at 55°C or above. Under the optimum pH and temperature for such enzymes determined in the model reaction using the crude enzyme, phytol content in the smoothie made from raw spinach leaves increased with an increase of chlorophyllide, another reaction product. Comparison between the increased amounts of phytol and chlorophyllide showed that the enzymatic dephytylation of chlorophylls was critically responsible for the increase of phytol in the smoothie.Practical ApplicationPhytol, which is released by the enzymes related to chlorophyll metabolism in plants, has been investigated because of its potential abilities to improve the lipid metabolism and blood glucose level. In contrast to such health benefits, they are known to be toxic for patients suffering from Refsum's disease. This research for the first time reports the phytol content in raw spinach leaves and that phytol can be increased in the smoothie made from spinach leaves by the action of endogenous enzymes on chlorophyll derivatives under a certain condition. These results help control phytol content in the smoothies.
Eltoprazine modulated gamma oscillations on ameliorating L‐dopa‐induced dyskinesia in rats
Authors: Bi Yuewei , Wang Pengfei , Yu Jianshen , Wang Zhuyong , Yang Hanjie , Deng Yuhao , Guan Jianwei , Zhang Wangming 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimParkinson's disease (PD) is a pervasive neurodegenerative disease, and levodopa (L‐dopa) is its preferred treatment. The pathophysiological mechanism of levodopa‐induced dyskinesia (LID), the most common complication of long‐term L‐dopa administration, remains obscure. Accumulated evidence suggests that the dopaminergic as well as non‐dopaminergic systems contribute to LID development. As a 5‐hydroxytryptamine 1A/1B receptor agonist, eltoprazine ameliorates dyskinesia, although little is known about its electrophysiological mechanism. The aim of this study was to investigate the cumulative effects of chronic L‐dopa administration and the potential mechanism of eltoprazine's amelioration of dyskinesia at the electrophysiological level in rats.MethodsNeural electrophysiological analysis techniques were conducted on the acquired local field potential (LFP) data from primary motor cortex (M1) and dorsolateral striatum (DLS) during different pathological states to obtain the information of power spectrum density, theta‐gamma phase–amplitude coupling (PAC), and functional connectivity. Behavior tests and AIMs scoring were performed to verify PD model establishment and evaluate LID severity.ResultsWe detected exaggerated gamma activities in the dyskinetic state, with different features and impacts in distinct regions. Gamma oscillations in M1 were narrowband manner, whereas that in DLS had a broadband appearance. Striatal exaggerated theta‐gamma PAC in the LID state contributed to broadband gamma oscillation, and aperiodic‐corrected cortical beta power correlated robustly with aperiodic‐corrected gamma power in M1. M1–DLS coherence and phase‐locking values (PLVs) in the gamma band were enhanced following L‐dopa administration. Eltoprazine intervention reduced gamma oscillations, theta–gamma PAC in the DLS, and coherence and PLVs in the gamma band to alleviate dyskinesia.ConclusionExcessive cortical gamma oscillation is a compelling clinical indicator of dyskinesia. The detection of enhanced PAC and functional connectivity of gamma‐band oscillation can be used to guide and optimize deep brain stimulation parameters. Eltoprazine has potential clinical application for dyskinesia.
The role of single positron emission computed tomography imaging in the diagnosis of brain death whenever Trans‐cranial Doppler fails to support it: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gutgold Amichai , Shorbaji Nadeem , Epstein Danny , Honen Sarit , Diab Tarek , Keidar Zohar , Miller Asaf 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveAlthough there is widespread acceptance of the concept of brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC), there is marked variability in the use of ancillary tests worldwide. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is a useful ancillary test for brain death confirmation because it is safe, noninvasive, and done at the bedside. However, it is considered less sensitive than Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) Tc‐HMPAO (99 m). This study aims to test the yield of brain perfusion SPECT testing after a TCD has demonstrated some level of intracranial blood flow among patients fulfilling clinical criteria for BD/DNC.MethodsThis was a single‐center retrospective cohort study of all the patients fulfilling clinical criteria for BD/DNC who underwent brain perfusion SPECT after an intracerebral circulatory arrest was not confirmed by TCD between July 2016 and January 2022.ResultsTCD was an initial ancillary test performed in 252 patients (99.6%) fulfilling clinical criteria for BD/DNC. A complete circulatory arrest was demonstrated in 228 (90.5%) patients. Brain perfusion SPECT was performed in the remaining 24 patients. The absence of cerebral perfusion consistent with BD/DNC was found in 21 cases (87.5%). BD/DN could not be confirmed in three patients (12.5%).ConclusionsSPECT testing has a high diagnostic yield when TCD fails to confirm a suspected diagnosis of BD/DNC. Combining these two modalities may be an optimal strategy for BD/DNC diagnosis when this is required by local regulations or when confounding factors interfere with the performance of a complete clinical assessment.
Civic engagement and the possibility of the political
Authors: Kull Anne , Bateza Anthony 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDuring the last half a century, civil rights movements have been led by people of faith even as they have marched in different directions. Some spoke out for the status quo while others demanded a different vision of justice, some for peace and others for war, for a violence‐free life for women and against it. The issues and partisans shift, particularly as the relationship between state and church, faith and politics, has varied from one country to the next. Participation is dangerous, but even more so are inaction, withdrawal, obedience. This issue of Dialog takes another look at the history, philosophy, and practice of Christians.
Effect of monomer composition and filler fraction on surface microhardness and depth of cure of experimental resin composites
Authors: Leyva del Rio Diana , Johnston William Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study evaluated microhardness profiles and calculated depths of cure at 80% of the surface microhardness of experimental dental resin composites having different base monomer compositions and different filler fractions. Composites were prepared using four different base monomers (bisphenol A‐glycidyl methacrylate [Bis‐GMA], urethane dimethacrylate [UDMA], ethoxylated bisphenol‐A dimethacrylate [Bis‐EMA], and Fit‐852) with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) used as a co‐monomer at three filler:resin matrix weight percent fractions (50:50, 60:40, and 70:30). Uncured material was placed in 3D printed molds and light cured for 40 s from the top surface only. Knoop microhardness was measured at the top of the specimen, and at every 0.5 mm up to 4 mm in depth. Microhardness at the surface increased in all experimental composites as the filler fraction increased. When comparing base monomers, microhardness was the highest in UDMA‐based composites, while Bis‐GMA‐based composites showed the lowest values. When comparing depth of cure as a function of base monomer type, both Bis‐GMA and Bis‐EMA showed significantly lower values than UDMA or Fit‐852. Composites having 50 wt% filler showed a significantly higher depth of cure than those with 60 and 70 wt% filler. Base monomer and filler fraction significantly influence microhardness and depth of cure in these experimental composites.
Automatic detection surface defects based on convolutional neural networks and deflectometry
Authors: Buitrago Felipe , Castillo Ossa Luis Fernando , Arango‐López Jeferson 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSurface defects in industrial refrigerator manufacturing processes can cause significant production losses and compromise product quality. This area is underexplored and currently, visual quality inspection is a subjective process that requires expert intervention, which limits process efficiency and can lead to errors in defect detection. This paper presents a novel approach for automatic surface defect detection using a combination of convolutional neural networks (CNN) and deflectometry. The proposed method takes advantage of the high accuracy and robustness of CNNs in image classification tasks and the sensitivity of deflectometry to detect subtle surface variations. First, a prototype was built to get the images from the refrigerator. Second, using video recordings, we captured surface topographic data using deflectometry, which we then use to generate surface images. Next, we train a CNN to classify the surface images as defective or normal. The proposed method offers a promising solution for automatic detection and quality control of surface defects in refrigerator manufacturing processes. However, this method could also improve the production of vehicles, household appliances in general, and any product that can suffer scratches and dents.
Association of anxiety, age and oral health‐related quality of life with periodontitis: A case‐control study
Authors: Cataldo Dionisia , Mourão Leila Cristina , Gonçalves Lucio Souza , Canabarro Antonio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis case–control study evaluated the association of sociodemographic profile, mental health disorders and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) with periodontitis.MethodsPatients with periodontitis (PP, n = 50) and control patients (CP, n = 50) were allocated into 2 groups after a complete periodontal examination. Data collection included age, sex, marital status, education and application of 2 questionnaires: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for the diagnosis of anxiety/depression and Impact Profile on Oral Health (OHIP‐14) for classification of well‐being. An adjusted multiple binary logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of all studied covariates on periodontitis.ResultsThe results show that mean clinical attachment loss and periodontal probing depth were 5.92 (SD = 0.42) and 5.46 (SD = 0.78) in PP and 0.00 (SD = 0.00) and 2.85 (SD = 0.23) in CP, respectively (p < 0.001). The regression analysis demonstrated a significant effect on periodontitis for age (OR = 1.13; p < 0.0001; 95% CI: 1.07–1.20), with the PP having more people aged 50 years or older than CP, anxiety (OR = 1.25; p = 0.020; 95% CI: 1.04–1.50) and OHIP‐14 (OR = 1.17; p < 0.0001; 95% CI: 1.08–1.226).ConclusionsThe findings showed a positive association between anxiety, OHRQoL and age with periodontitis.
Public Health Officials Should Almost Always Tell the Truth
Authors: Director Samuel 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTOne of the lessons of the COVID‐19 pandemic is that the lay public relies immensely on the knowledge of public health officials. At every phase of the pandemic, the testimony of public health officials has been crucial for guiding public policy and individual behavior. The reason is simple: public health officials know a lot more than you and I do about public health. As lay people, we rely on experts. This seems straightforward. But the COVID‐19 pandemic has shown that public health officials seem undecided as to what, precisely, their role is; are they providing the public information as it presents itself, or are they informing the public in a way that produces a desired or optimal outcome? In this article, I answer the following question: what are public health officials morally obligated to tell the public? As I see it, these are the main options: (1) public health officials should tell the full truth, regardless of outcome; or (2) they should tell partial truths or lies that are aimed to promote a socially optimal outcome. My answer to this question is that public health officials are only allowed to lie under very narrow and rare conditions.