bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitric acid-potassium hydroxide fractionation of rice straw: an integrated biorefinery initiative
Authors: Rahman M. Mostafizur , Rafsan Nur-Al-Sarah , Nayeem Jannatun , Popy Razia Sultana , Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Jahan M. Sarwar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Pulping of rice straw was studied using mild nitric acid in mild conditions. Spent nitric acid was chosen as soil nutrient rather than followed by the liquor recovery. The rice straw was treated with 11.03% nitric acid at 90 °C for 3 h, yielded 53.09% pulp. Nitric acid treated rice straw pulp had high residual lignin and minerals. However, further treatment with 7% potassium hydroxide reduced the residual lignin and produced pulp with kappa number 20.36. The papermaking properties of the nitric acid followed by KOH treated pulp showed better quality than the nitric acid pulp. The spent nitric acid liquor was reused repeatedly, pulp yield decreased and residual lignin content increased in each step of spent nitric acid reusing. The spent nitric acid liquor and potassium hydroxide liquor-mixed together to get a neutral effluent liquor which was rich with potassium, nitrogen and biomass. The nutritional capacity of the effluent liquor was assessed by incubation with control soil. The labile form of organic carbon, nitrogen, potassium phosphorous and iron increased in the incubated soil.
Sustainable amidation through acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling by pincer-type catalysts: recent advances
Authors: Montag Michael , Milstein David 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The amide functional group is ubiquitous in living organisms, and is of particular importance in bioactive compounds and pharmaceuticals. Because of the prevalence and significance of the amide bond, considerable efforts have been invested throughout the years in developing new synthetic methodologies for its formation. Nevertheless, amide synthesis still largely relies on variants of the traditional condensation of carboxylic acids and amines, mediated by stoichiometric coupling reagents. This poses a sustainability challenge, since such reactions suffer from unfavorable atom and step economies, involve harmful chemicals and produce chemical waste. Hence, establishing sustainable approaches to amide synthesis is of great importance. Over the last two decades, we have developed homogeneous catalytic reactions for sustainable synthetic transformations, primarily based on transition metal complexes of pincer ligands. A considerable portion of these efforts has been devoted to acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling, including that of alcohols and amines through ruthenium-catalyzed reactions. These latter processes generate amides without resorting to coupling reagents and typically produce no waste, with their only byproduct being H2 gas, which is itself a valuable resource. In the present review, we chronicle our progress in this area of research since 2014. This includes the use of water and ammonia as amidation reagents, expanding the scope of amidation substrates and target amides, achieving milder reaction conditions, development of amidation-based liquid organic hydrogen carrier systems, and introduction of manganese-based catalysts.
Inflammation parameters, monocyte subgroups and toll-like receptor expression before and after dialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kivanc Demet , Savran Oguz Fatma , Senturk Ciftci Hayriye , Aydin Filiz , Sever Mehmet Sukru 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The data of the monocyte subgroups and expressed toll like receptors (TLR) in the innate immune system response, which develop against chronic inflammation in patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in patients who undergo dialysis treatment, are limited. We aimed to investigate the effect of the dialysis procedure on the current chronic inflammatory condition and which role of monocyte subgroups ratios, the expressions of TLR2/4 and serum Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels involved in the innate immune response process.

Methods
We investigated monocyte subgroups, TLR2/TLR4 expressions and serum TNF-α levels in 30 predialysis CKD patients, 90 CKD patients undergoing dialysis and 30 healthy control subjects. Monocyte subgroup percentages and TLR2/TLR4 expressions were determined using the flow cytometry, serum TNF-α levels were investigated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results
In the dialysis patients, the percentages of classical (p=0.0001) and non-classical (p=0.078) monocytes were found to be higher when compared with the predialysis CKD patients. The percentages of TLR4 expression on non-classical monocytes was higher in dialysis and predialysis patients compared with the healthy controls (p<0.0001, p=0.796). Serum TNF-α level was significantly higher in dialysis and predialysis patients compared with the healthy controls (p=0.013, p=0.022) and a positive correlation between the classical monocyte subgroup and TNF-α was observed (r=0.285, p=0.006).

Conclusions
Increased percentages of non-classical monocytes, TLR4 expressions and serum TNF-α levels observed in the predialysis CKD patients and dialysis patients might be related to inflammation.
Development of the Functional Connectome Topology in Adolescence: Evidence from Topological Data Analysis
Authors: Gracia-Tabuenca Zeus , Díaz-Patiño Juan Carlos , Arelio-Ríos Isaac , Moreno-García Martha Beatriz , Barrios Fernando A. , Alcauter Sarael 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAdolescence is a crucial developmental period in terms of behavior and mental health. Therefore, understanding how the brain develops during this stage is a fundamental challenge for neuroscience. Recent studies have modeled the brain as a network or connectome, mainly applying measures from graph theory, showing a change in its functional organization, such as an increase in its segregation and integration. Topological Data Analysis (TDA) complements such modeling by extracting high-dimensional features across the whole range of connectivity values instead of exploring a fixed set of connections. This study inquires into the developmental trajectories of such properties using a longitudinal sample of typically developing human participants (N = 98; 53/45 female/male; 6.7–18.1 years), applying TDA to their functional connectomes. In addition, we explore the effect of puberty on individual developmental trajectories. Results showed that the adolescent brain has a more distributed topology structure compared with random networks but is more densely connected at the local level. Furthermore, developmental effects showed nonlinear trajectories for the topology of the whole brain and fronto-parietal networks, with an inflection point and increasing trajectories after puberty onset. These results add to the insights into the development of the functional organization of the adolescent brain.
The Amyloid Precursor Protein Modulates the Position and Length of the Axon Initial Segment
Authors: Ma Fulin , Akolkar Himanshu , Xu Jianquan , Liu Yang , Popova Dina , Xie Jiaan , Youssef Mark M. , Benosman Ryad , Hart Ronald P. , Herrup Karl 
Published: January 2023

The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is linked to the genetics and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is the parent protein of the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide, the main constituent of the amyloid plaques found in an AD brain. The pathways from APP to Aβ are intensively studied, yet the normal functions of APP itself have generated less interest. We report here that glutamate stimulation of neuronal activity leads to a rapid increase inAppgene expression. In mouse and human neurons, elevated APP protein changes the structure of the axon initial segment (AIS) where action potentials are initiated. The AIS is shortened in length and shifts away from the cell body. The GCaMP8f Ca2+reporter confirms the predicted decrease in neuronal activity. NMDA antagonists or knockdown ofAppblock the glutamate effects. The actions of APP on the AIS are cell-autonomous; exogenous Aβ, either fibrillar or oligomeric, has no effect. In culture, APPSwe(a familial AD mutation) induces larger AIS changes than wild type APP. Ankyrin G and βIV-spectrin, scaffolding proteins of the AIS, both physically associate with APP, more so in AD brains. Finally, in humans with sporadic AD or in the R1.40 AD mouse model, both females and males, neurons have elevated levels of APP protein that invade the AIS.In vivoasin vitro, this increased APP is associated with a significant shortening of the AIS. The findings outline a new role for the APP and encourage a reconsideration of its relationship to AD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhile the amyloid precursor protein (APP) has long been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the normal functions of the full-length Type I membrane protein have been largely unexplored. We report here that the levels of APP protein increase with neuronal activity.In vivoandin vitro, modest amounts of excess APP alter the properties of the axon initial segment. The β-amyloid peptide derived from APP is without effect. Consistent with the observed changes in the axon initial segment which would be expected to decrease action potential firing, we show that APP expression depresses neuronal activity. In mouse AD models and human sporadic AD, APP physically associates with the scaffolding proteins of the axon initial segment, suggesting a relationship with AD dementia.
TSC2 regulates tumor susceptibility to TRAIL‐mediated T‐cell killing by orchestrating mTOR signaling
Authors: Lin Chun‐Pu , Traets Joleen J H , Vredevoogd David W , Visser Nils L , Peeper Daniel S 
Published: January 2023

AbstractResistance to cancer immunotherapy continues to impair common clinical benefit. Here, we use whole‐genome CRISPR‐Cas9 knockout data to uncover an important role for Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 (TSC2) in determining tumor susceptibility to cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) killing in human melanoma cells. TSC2‐depleted tumor cells had disrupted mTOR regulation following CTL attack, which was associated with enhanced cell death. Wild‐type tumor cells adapted to CTL attack by shifting their mTOR signaling balance toward increased mTORC2 activity, circumventing apoptosis, and necroptosis. TSC2 ablation strongly augmented tumor cell sensitivity to CTL attack in vitro and in vivo, suggesting one of its functions is to critically protect tumor cells. Mechanistically, TSC2 inactivation caused elevation of TRAIL receptor expression, cooperating with mTORC1‐S6 signaling to induce tumor cell death. Clinically, we found a negative correlation between TSC2 expression and TRAIL signaling in TCGA patient cohorts. Moreover, a lower TSC2 immune response signature was observed in melanomas from patients responding to immune checkpoint blockade. Our study uncovers a pivotal role for TSC2 in the cancer immune response by governing crosstalk between TSC2‐mTOR and TRAIL signaling, aiding future therapeutic exploration of this pathway in immuno‐oncology.
Downregulated ETV4 inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of trophoblast cells in preeclampsia
Authors: Jie Qiuling , Chen Lijun , Liang Jiangying , Yang Xiaohui , Sun Fei , Ma Yanlin 
Published: January 2023

In brief
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication that can lead to severe adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, but the mechanisms underlying the development of preeclampsia are not fully understood. This study shows that ETV4 plays an essential role in the proliferation, invasion, and migration of trophoblast cells by regulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 and is involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complication that can lead to severe adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying the development of PE are not fully understood. ETS Variant Transcription Factor 4 (ETV4) plays an important role in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential function of ETV4 in placental trophoblast cells. We analyzed the expression and location of ETV4 in PE and uncomplicated placental tissues using RT-qPCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining. The results showed that both the mRNA and protein levels of ETV4 were markedly decreased in PE placental tissues compared with placental tissues from women with uncomplicated pregnancies (P < 0.05). Then, the effects of ETV4 on HTR-8/SVneo and Bewo cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were evaluated by MTT, 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU), wound healing, and Transwell assays, respectively. The results showed that ETV4 knockdown inhibited both HTR-8/SVneo and Bewo cell proliferation, migration, and invasion (P < 0.05). Conversely, overexpression of ETV4 promoted both HTR-8/SVneo and Bewo cell proliferation, migration, and invasion (P < 0.05). We then measured the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in HTR8/SVneo cells. We found that ETV4 knockdown decreased the mRNA and protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, while ETV4 overexpression increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA and protein expression (P < 0.05). In conclusion, ETV4 plays an essential role in the proliferation, invasion, and migration of trophoblast cells by regulating MMP-2 and MMP-9. Our findings provide novel insight into the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of PE.
Role of Ocean-Atmosphere Interface in Annual and Semiannual SST Cycles in the Indian Ocean
Authors: De Oliveira Carvalho-Junior Oldemar 
Published: January 2023

A long-term analysis of temperature can be used to describe the main mechanisms that operate at the surface of the ocean. The average sea surface temperature (SST) contour plots for the Indian Ocean are produced based on the World Ocean Atlas Data Set (1994). SST, together with the independent variables wind (Wx, zonal component of pseudo-stress wind and Wy, meridional component of pseudo-stress wind), net-down-fresh-water-flow (NDFF), and Ekman pumping, are included in a multiple regression analysis to define the relative importance of each one of these variables in the physical processes at the surface of the Indian Ocean. The NDFF data set is based on COADS (Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set). The wind data is obtained from the Florida State University (FSU). The harmonic terms of the variables are calculated, which is considered to be stationary and expressed by a Fourier series as a cosine function. The harmonic terms are multiplied by the maximum amplitude of the variables and then added to their mean annual values. The isotherms are mainly meridional along the western boundary, but zonal in the southern Indian Ocean. The annual component is seen to have a maximum in July, Summer Monsoon (SW Monsoon) and a minimum in January, during the Winter Monsoon (NE Monsoon). The amplitude of the semiannual component is smaller, with two maxima in May and October and two minima in February and August. The small magnitude of these residuals errors is an indication that the temperature variability during this period and for this area can be explained reasonably well by the two harmonic terms. In the Arabian Sea, the final regression equations for SST variability show that it is mainly affected by the Wx, Ekman pumping and NDFF. For most of the areas of the Bay of Bengal, as well as for most of the locations in the southern tropical Indian Ocean, the entered independent variables can explain SST. Two components fit to observation can be used to predict SST together with the regression equations. Although harmonic analysis can be used to study SST variability, a multiple regression analysis is required to identify and quantify the variables related to areas of large annual and semiannual variability. Different techniques are therefore used together to provide more reliable results in SST configuration in the Indian Ocean.
Life on Mars (LoMars): History, advances, current research, and perspectives
Authors: Ali Arshad , Shahid Muhammad S. , Jabeen Iffat , El-Ghali Mohamed A.K. 
Published: January 2023

A quest for life on Mars (LoMars) started in the early 1960s when the most prestigious scientific journals published several research articles. According to Elsevier’s Scopus database, the rise in annual literature production started in the late 1990s, most likely associated with the launch of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) first rover, Sojourner, in 1996. The number of articles on Mars will likely continue to rise sharply, given that the launch and landing of the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover are critical to discovering and understanding the present or past life on the planet. Thus far, the USA has dominated in the number of citations and collaborations related to Mars research, given its facilities equipped with relevant infrastructure and researchers’ capacity to explore the Solar System beyond Earth. Most of these frequently cited papers report observational and theoretical research results. However, a highly cited article is based on analytical studies of a unique Martian meteorite (i.e., Allan Hills 84001) found in Antarctica. It is expected that the future sample return mission associated with the Perseverance Rover caching system could increase the LoMars research exponentially in the coming decades if Martian samples are successfully brought to Earth. Based on the total number of publications on LoMars, the most influential institute, the author, and the journal are Caltech, C.P. McKay, and Icarus, respectively. Both the institute and the author are directly affiliated with NASA, indicating the leadership offered by the organization in LoMars research.
Stage-based model of population dynamics and harvest of Broad-snouted caiman (<i>Caiman latirostris<i>) under different management scenarios
Authors: V. Viotto Evangelina , L. Navarro Joaquín , S. Simoncini Melina , Piña Carlos 
Published: January 2023

We created a matrix model structured by stages (divided into 5 stages) to evaluate the population dynamics of Caiman latirostris and the population behavior at different management intensities through ranching and hunting of adult individuals. We generated 5000 matrices by sampling the mean and variance values of survivals (pi) and hatching for each stage. For each matrix, we obtained the growth rate λ and performed elasticity analyses. Modifying the mean matrix obtained from the previous analysis, we evaluated different scenarios of ranching, reintroduction, and hunting of adult females of the last two stages (E) raised here (class III animals, > 60 cm snout-vent length, divided into two: E4 and E5). We obtained a mean λ of 1.035 (range 0.88 − 1.12), and 11.9% of the simulations had λ < 1. The vital rate with the highest elasticity and variance was that of the adult females of the last stage. Natural populations can tolerate a maximum of 5% adult female hunting, and ranching can extract 55% of nests from the wild without reintroduction or 80% of nest harvest, returning to the wild at least 3% of hatched animals in the ranching programs. Our model showed that hunting and ranching with reintroduction are feasible strategies to be applied without threatening natural populations. Increasing reintroduction makes it possible to extract more adult individuals and maintain the species’ populations at sustainable levels.
El análisis seminal en la agricultura de precisión en el siglo XXI
Authors: Soler Carles , Valverde Anthony 
Published: January 2023

Introducción. La reproducción asistida de animales tiene su origen en la domesticación de las especies ganaderas útiles al ser humano. Los consiguientes procesos de selección artificial permitieron desarrollar técnicas biotecnológicas que contribuyeron a la mejora de las capacidades de producción animal. Objetivo. Contextualizar el análisis seminal en la agricultura de precisión en el siglo XXI. Desarrollo. La visualización de espermatozoides en el microscopio puede considerarse como el primer paso en el advenimiento de la biotecnología de la reproducción y la base para el desarrollo de las técnicas de reproducción asistida. Con el perfeccionamiento de los métodos de microscopía, se logró caracterizar los gametos masculinos, lo que significó un avance significativo en la tecnología de inseminación artificial. El punto de inflexión marcado por el desarrollo de técnicas de conservación espermática, implicó un cambio sustantivo en el desarrollo de estas tecnologías en las especies ganaderas, ya sea con semen crio preservado o refrigerado. Estos métodos son de alto valor en el caso de especies amenazadas, dado que se pueden crear bancos de germoplasma con propósitos de conservación genética y rescate de especies en riesgo de extinción. El análisis seminal se ha desarrollado de forma paralela con las técnicas de reproducción asistida, al punto que hoy se considera como una técnica relevante en la biotecnología de la reproducción animal, que se ha perfeccionado mediante el avance de la ciencia y la tecnología, la física óptica y la computación. Conclusión. El análisis seminal ha tenido un cambio de paradigma al desechar técnicas obsoletas de evaluación subjetiva de la calidad seminal y adoptar métodos objetivos de evaluación del semen, mediante el análisis de grandes volúmenes de datos y variables de movilidad, cinéticas, morfométricas, morfológicas y fragmentación del ADN, que permiten caracterizar mejor los eyaculados de los reproductores en centros de inseminación artificial.
The flavonoid fustin exerts anti-inflammatory effect in a model of carrageenan-induced paw oedema
Authors: Reyzov M. , Pavlov D. , Novakovic M. , Tesevic V. , Georgieva A. , Eftimov M. , Todorova M. , Valcheva-Kuzmanova S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCarrageenan-induced paw oedema is a widely used model of acute inflammation. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the flavonoid fustin on carrageenan-induced acute paw inflammation in rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were distributed equally between three groups – control, F10, and F20. In the course of 1 week, animals were treated once daily by intragastric gavage as follows: control group – with distilled water (10 mL kg−1) containing 50 μL Tween 80; groups F10 and F20 – with 10 mL kg−1 suspensions containing fustin in two doses (10 mg kg−1 and 20 mg kg−1, respectively) and 50 μL Tween 80. After the treatment period, carrageenan was injected in the left hind paw and paw oedema was evaluated 0, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 min after the injection using a plethysmometer. In the control group, paw oedema increased gradually and peaked at the 180th minute. Fustin treatment reduced the oedema in all time intervals and the effect was significant on the 30th and 60th minute after the injection. The present study indicated that fustin could suppress acute inflammation.
Kapelani zakonnicy w szeregach Wojska Polskiego I Rzeczypospolitej. Zarys problemu
Authors: Jaworski Piotr 
Published: January 2023

W niniejszym artykule podjęto próbę przedstawienia bogatej działalności duchowieństwa zakonnego nie tylko w ramach polskiego duszpasterstwa wojskowego, ale także w ramach formacji walczących o wolność i niepodległość ojczyzny. Ukazano w ten sposób wkład zakonów w historię polskiego oręża oraz zaangażowanie klasztorów w walkę o polską niepodległość na płaszczyźnie militarnej. Duchowa i żołnierska służba Bogu i ojczyźnie, stanowiąca szczególny wymiar powołania kapelanów wojskowych, ma długą historię, sięgającą najdawniejszych czasów. W Polsce stałe duszpasterstwo wojskowe wprowadził sejm warszawski w 1690 roku, jednak przebieg wydarzeń politycznych w XVIII wieku nie pozwolił na gruntowną reorganizację wojska, a także służby duszpasterskiej. Wraz z trzecim rozbiorem Polski w 1795 roku Polska znikła z mapy Europy. Rozpoczął się czas walki o odzyskanie niepodległości. Wymazanie Polski z mapy Europy nie zamknęło działalności kapelanów wojskowych. Bardzo aktywnie włączali się oni do walki o niepodległość państwa poprzez zaangażowanie w Legionach Dąbrowskiego, udział w powstaniach czy na frontach pierwszej wojny światowej, służbę nie tylko w polskich oddziałach, ale także w siłach zbrojnych innych państw.