bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hybrid deep neural network with statistical learning algorithms for flood susceptibility modeling
Authors: Ghobadi Morteza , Ahmadipari Masumeh 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Flood, with its environmental impact, is a naturally destructive process usually causes severe damage. Therefore, the determination of the areas susceptible to flood by the latest tools, which can render precise estimations, is essential to mitigate this damage. In this study, it was attempted to evaluate flood susceptibility in Lorestan, Iran using a novel hybrid approach including Deep Neural Network (DNN), Frequency Ratio (FR), and Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA). For this purpose, a geospatial database of floods, including 142 flood locations and 10 flood influencing variables, was used to predict the flood susceptibility areas. FR and SWARA were applied to weigh and score the flood influencing variables, while DNN, which is an excellent tool of machine learning and artificial intelligence, was used to prepare the inference flood pattern. The performance of the models was checked by the area under the curve (AUC), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and various statistical tests. The outputs indicated that both of the proposed algorithms, DNN-FR and DNN-SWARA, were able to estimate the future flood zones with a precision of over 90%. The outputs also confirmed that although the two algorithms had a high goodness-of-fit and prediction accuracy, the DNN-FR (AUC = 0.953) outperformed the DNN-SWARA (AUC = 0.941). Thus, the DNN-FR algorithm was proposed to be applied as a more reliable and accurate tool for spatial estimation of flood zones.
A mode-locked random laser generating transform-limited optical pulses
Authors: Weid Jean von der , Correia Marlon , Tovar Pedro , Gomes Anderson , Margulis Walter 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Ever since the mid-1960’s, locking the phases of modes enabled the generation of laser pulses of duration limited only by the uncertainty principle, opening the field of ultrafast science. In contrast to conventional lasers, random lasers usually lack at least a mirror and generally emit broadband low-coherence light. They have, nevertheless, cavity modes that distinguish them from amplifiers and superluminescent light sources. Mode spacing in random lasers is ill-defined because optical feedback comes from scattering centres at random positions. Although progress has been made towards locking spatial and longitudinal modes in random lasers, the literature lacks reports on transform-limited pulse generation despite the many decades of the field. Here the generation of sub-nanosecond transform-limited pulses from a mode-locked random fibre laser is described. Exceedingly weak (<-73 dB) Rayleigh backscattering from decimetre-long sections of telecom fibre serves as laser feedback, providing narrow spectral selectivity to the Fourier limit. This unique laser is adjustable in pulse duration (0.34-20 ns), repetition rate (0.714-1.05 MHz) and can be temperature tuned. The high spectral-efficiency pulses are applied in distributed temperature sensing with 9.0 cm and 3.3x10-3 K resolution, exemplifying how the results can drive advances in the fields of spectroscopy, telecommunications, and sensing.
Improved Harris Hawks Optimization Algorithm for Solving Real Engineering Optimization Problems
Authors: Daoud Mohammad Sh. , Shehab Mohammad , Abualigah Laith , Zraiqat Amjed , Thanh Cuong-Le 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) algorithm was proposed recently under the metaheuristic algorithms, which can fix many problems in various domains. However, it needs to improve in local search, which may lead to a loss of diversity, stuck in a local minimum, which procures premature convergence. Two steps have been introduced in this paper to avoid these issues. Firstly, integrating Opposition-based learning (OBL) with HHO accelerates the search process and enhances the choice of better solutions, namely OHHO. Then, using reinforcement learning to enhance the research technique of OHHO, called RLOHHO. CEC 2015 and CEC 2017 benchmark functions and real engineering problems are utilized to evaluate the efficiency. Finally, the proposed versions of HHO are compared with efficient optimization algorithms. The experiment results illustrate that the RLOHHO's version achieved better solutions than the original HHO, OHHO, and other similar published algorithms in the literature.
Instability in the Penta-C and Penta-D loci in microsatellite-unstable endometrial cancer
Authors: Yilmaz Ahmet , Frankel Wendy L. , Zhao Weiqiang , Suarez Adrian A. , Chen Wei , Coleman Joshua F. , McElroy Joseph P. , Pearlman Rachel , Goodfellow Paul J. , Hampel Heather 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic cancer. Early detection is the most important predictor of survival. The cancer is curable if detected early but the five-year survival rate in advanced cases is only 20%. Microsatellite instability (MSI) testing is frequently used to screen populations for early detection of Lynch syndrome (LS), the most common cause of inherited EC, and to classify EC into distinct groups with unique histological, prognostic, and molecular features. Accurate sample identification is crucial for successful MSI testing because instability is assessed by comparing amplification patterns in markers in the normal and tumor samples that must be taken from the same individual. Penta-C and Penta-D pentanucleotide markers are used widely for sample identification in not only MSI testing but also parentage verification, forensic science, and population genetics studies. We tested 324 pairs of tumor and matched normal DNAs from EC patients for instability in these markers using the Promega MSI Analysis System™ considered the "gold standard" in MSI testing. Both markers were unstable, and therefore not reliable for MSI testing, in 8.2% of the EC patients with MSI. Instability in both mono- and pentanucleotide markers suggest that the tumors with MSI likely suffer from a "generalized" form of instability affecting other short tandem repeats as well. Results from many studies using these markers for various purposes may not be accurate if samples with MSI are involved.
Photoelectrocatalytic CO2 reduction with plasmon hot-carriers
Authors: Sa Jacinto , Dey Ananta , Vadell Robert , Silveira Vitor R. , Lindblad Andreas , Lindblad Rebecka , Shtender Vitalli 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Plasmonic systems effectively convert light into electrical charges and heat, which can mediate catalytic transformations. There are many examples of plasmonic photothermal catalytic reactions, but the involvement of hot carriers in the catalytic process remains a matter of intense debate and controversy. Here, we demonstrate the direct use of plasmon hot electrons in the photoelectrocatalytic CO2 reduction with visible light. A purposely assembled plasmonic nanohybrid system consisting of NiO/Au/ReI(phen-NH2)(CO)3Cl (phen-NH2 = 10-Phenanthrolin-5-amine) enabled direct access into hot-carrier-mediated reaction pathways by ultrafast spectroscopy, electrochemistry and catalytic testing. The ReI(phen-NH2)(CO)3Cl complex decomposes above 305°C, limiting thermal CO2 reduction contribution, making the plasmonic hot carriers the prime culprit for the process. Plasmonic light activation of CO2 provides a sustainable route for producing carbon fuels and feedstocks for society.
Tumor localization by Prostate Imaging and Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) version 2.1 predicts the prognosis of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Fujimoto Ayumi , Sakamoto Shinichi , Horikoshi Takuro , Zhao Xue , Yamada Yasutaka , Rii Junryo , Takeuchi Nobuyoshi , Imamura Yusuke , Sazuka Tomokazu , Matsusaka Keisuke , Ikeda Junichiro , Ichikawa Tomohiko 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Prostate Imaging and Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) version 2.1 (v2.1) has been reported to have an improved reading agreement rate than the prior version. Our study assessed the PI-RADS v2.1 and tumor location in Japanese prostate cancer patients who underwent radical prostatectomy to determine the predictive efficacy of bi-parametric MRI (bp-MRI) for biochemical recurrence (BCR).
Retrospective analysis was done on the clinical data from 299 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy at Chiba University Hospital between 2006 to 2018. The median prostate-specific antigen（PSA）before surgery was 7.6 ng/ml. Preoperative PI-RADS v2.1 categories were 1 - 2 /3 /4/ 5 for 35 /56 /138 /70, respectively. Tumor localization at the preoperative MRI was 107 in the transition zone (TZ) and 192 in the peripheral zone (PZ). The duration of BCR-free survival was significantly shortened in the PZ group (p = 0.01). Preoperative PI-RADS category 5, radiological tumor localization, pathological seminal vesicle invasion, and Grade group ≥ 3 of the total prostatectomy specimens were independent prognostic factors of BCR. The four risk factors have the potential to significantly stratify patients and predict prognoses.
Radiological tumor localization and PI-RADSv2.1 category using bp-MRI may predict the BCR following radical prostatectomy.
Migration and conversion of phosphorus in hydrothermal carbonization of municipal sludge with hydrochloric acid
Authors: Xue Yang , Wang Zhipu , Wu Yue , Wu Ruiqi , Zhao Fengtao 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Phosphate ore is a non-renewable resource, so finding a replacement is necessary. Municipal sludge has significant recycling potential because of its high phosphorus content and large discharge characteristics.
Methods: The migration and transformation of phosphorus in sewage sludge treated with different concentrations of HCl were studied using the standards, measurements, and testing phosphorus extraction protocol from two aspects: phosphorus complexation and mineral form.
Results: The results showed that more than 95% of phosphorus was concentrated in the solid products (hydrochar) after hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) without HCl, and the main form of phosphorus was organophosphorus (OP). With 0.5% to 2.5% HCl added, the phosphorus concentration of the liquid product (process water, PW) ranged from 13.14 to 219.41 mg/L, and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) increased by 0.32- to 1.88-fold. With the addition of 2.5% HCl, the phosphorus content in the hydrochar was 90% that of the original sludge, with a concentration of 64.17 mg/g, and the proportion of non-apatite inorganic phosphorus was approximately 94%.
Conclusion: This study provides technical support for the recovery of phosphorus resources from municipal sludge.
Influence of inflammatory markers on the prognosis of patients with operable breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Meilin , Song Jian , Yang Aodan , Jin Feng , Zheng Ang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction: To examine the relationship between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and clinicopathological parameters in patients with breast cancer and determine their impact on prognosis in different molecular subtypes.
Methods: We selected patients who underwent radical breast cancer surgery at the First Hospital of China Medical University from January 2012 to December 2018. Cut-off values for NLR, PLR, SII, LMR, and PNI were determined using the receiver operating characteristic curve. The relationship between inflammatory factors and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed using Pearson's chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and the log-rank test was used for comparison. Factors impacting overall survival (OS) were determined using univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. The independent influencing factors were further used to perform the combined predictive models.
Results: A total of 299 patients with breast cancer were enrolled. Age (P = 0.007), tumor size (P = 0.039), TNM stage (P = 0.012), and axillary lymph node metastasis (P < 0.0001) correlated with NLR.
Multivariate analysis indicated that axillary lymph node metastasis (hazard ratio: 3.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52-9.73, P = 0.005) (hazard ratio: 7.45, 95%CI: 1.24-44.72, P = 0.03) and NLR (hazard ratio: 2.73, 95%CI: 1.29-5.78, P = 0.009) (hazard ratio: 7.50,95%CI: 2.18-25.79, P = 0.001) were independent factors influencing OS. in the overall patients and hormone receptor (HR)+/ human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)- subtype. PLR (hazard ratio: 2.97, 95%CI: 1.22-7.19, P = 0.016) (hazard ratio: 31.29, 95%CI: 3.04-321.7, P = 0.004) and SII (hazard ratio: 3.37, 95%CI: 1.29-8.84, P = 0.013) (hazard ratio: 8.87 95%CI: 1.06-74.15, P = 0.044) were relevant factors impacting OS in patients with HR+/HER2- and HR+/HER2+. Based on the independent influencing factors, we built the combined predictive models in the overall patients and patients with HR+/HER2-. Compared with other markers, combined predictive markers had the largest area under curve (AUC) in the overall patients (AUC=0.84, 95%CI: 0.78-0.90, P < 0.0001) and HR+/HER2- subtype (AUC=0.86, 95%CI: 0.78-0.94, P < 0.0001).
Conclusion: NLR could be an independent prognostic indicator to predict OS in the overall patients and HR+/HER2- breast cancer.
Implementation strategies, facilitators, and barriers to scaling up and sustaining demand generation in family planning, a mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Nabhan Ashraf , Kabra Rita , Ashraf Alyaa , Elghamry Fatma , Kiarie James , Collaborators Family Planning Research 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background: Demand generation aims to increase clients’ desire to use family planning. The aim of this work was to systematically summarize strategies, facilitators, and barriers to scaling up and sustaining demand generation in family planning.
Methods: We searched electronic bibliographic databases from inception to October 2022. We included quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods reports on demand generation strategies in family planning, regardless of country, language, publication status, or methodological limitations. We assessed abstracts, titles and full-text papers according to the inclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality of included reports. We used the convergent integrated approach and a deductive thematic synthesis to summarize demand generation themes and subthemes. We used the health system building blocks to synthesize the factors affecting implementation (barriers and facilitators). We used GRADE-CERQual to assess our confidence in the findings.
Results: Forty-six studies (published 1990-2022) were included: forty-one quantitative, one qualitative, and four mixed methods). Three were from one high-income country, and forty three from LMIC settings. Half of reports were judged to be of unclear risk of bias. There were unique yet interrelated strategies of scaling-up demand generation for family planning. Interpersonal communication strategies increase adoption and coverage of modern contraceptive methods, but the effect on sustainability is uncertain. Mass media exposure increases knowledge and positive attitudes and may increase the intention to use modern contraceptive methods. Demand-side financing approaches probably increase awareness of contraceptives and the use of modern contraceptive methods among poor clients. Multifaceted Demand generation approaches probably improve adoption, coverage and sustainability of modern methods use. Factors that influence the success of implementing these strategies include users knowledge about family planning methods, the availability of modern methods, and the accessibility to services.
Conclusions: Demand generation strategies may function independently or supplement each other. The myriad of techniques of the different demand generation strategies, the complexities of family planning services, and human interactions defy simplistic conclusions on how a specific strategy or a bundle of strategies may succeed in increasing and sustaining family planning utilization.
Budget monitoring, accountability practices and their influence on the efficiency of county health systems in Kenya: a qualitative case study
Authors: Musiega Anita , Nyawira Lizah , Tsofa Benjamin , Njuguna Rebecca G , Munywoki Joshua , Hanson Kara , Mulwa Andrew , Molyneux Sassy , Maina Isabel , Normand Charles , Jemutai Julie , Barasa Edwine 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Public finance management (PFM) practices influence the attainment of health system goals. PFM processes are implemented within the budget cycle which entails the formulation, execution, and monitoring of government budgets. Budget monitoring and accountability actors, structures, and processes are important in improving the efficiency of health systems. This study examined how the budget monitoring and accountability processes influence the efficiency of county health systems in Kenya.
Methods
We conducted a qualitative case study of four counties in Kenya selected based on their relative technical efficiency . Data were collected using in-depth interviews with health and finance stakeholders (n=70), and document reviews. Data were analyzed using a thematic approach, informed by our study conceptual framework.
Results
We found that weak budget monitoring and accountability mechanisms compromised county health system efficiency by a) weakening the effective implementation of the budget formulation and execution steps of the budget cycle, b) enabling the misappropriation of public resources, and c) limiting evidence-informed decision-making by weakening feedback that would be provided by effective monitoring and accountability. Devolution meant that accountability actors were closer to implementation actors which promoted timely problem solving and the relevance of solutions. Internal audit practices were supportive and provided useful feedback to health system managers that facilitated improvements in budget formulation and execution.
Conclusion
The efficiency of county health systems can be improved by strengthening the budget monitoring and accountability processes. This can be achieved by increasing the population’s budget literacy, supporting participatory budgeting, synchronizing performance and financial accountability, implementing the existent budget monitoring and accountability mechanisms, rewarding efficiency and sanctioning inefficiency
Frequency of depression and correlates among Chinese children and adolescents living in poor areas under the background of targeted poverty alleviation: results of a survey in Weining County
Authors: Yuan Xiaofei , Hu Tingting , Zhu Xiaorui , Dong Sixin , Wang Gang , Zhou Jiaojiao , Chen Xu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
There is a lack of epidemiological data on depressive morbidity in children and adolescents in rural China. This study determines the frequency and correlates of depression among children and adolescents to offer useful insights for family education and government policy-making in rural China.
Methods
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between April 20 to May 10, 2022. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the correlative factors of depression were analyzed.
Results
In this study, 23180 children and adolescents were enrolled (median (range) age: 12 (9–18) years); of them, 8,261 (35.6%) suffered from depression with a CES-D score of > 15. The onset of depression was significantly related to age, grade, gender, parental absence, attending key schools or classes, presence of moderate or severe internet addiction (IA), school record, social relationships, parental occupation, and education status. Furthermore, female gender (OR = 1.175; 95% CI: 1.108–1.247; p < 0.001), junior middle school (OR = 1.487; 95% CI: 1.380–1.601; p < 0.001), parental absence (OR = 1.272; 95% CI: 1.183–1.367; p < 0.001), attending key schools (OR = 1.221; 95% CI: 1.120–1.332; p < 0.001), attending key classes (OR = 1.099; 95% CI: 1.001–1.207; p = 0.048), and presence of moderate or above IA (OR = 13.593; 95% CI: 12.028–15.361; p < 0.001) were the most prominent independent factors for depression.
Conclusion
Depression is very common among Chinese children and adolescents living in poor areas of Weining County. Older age, higher school grade, female gender, parental absence, attending key schools or classes, and the presence of moderate to severe IA are some important factors that may dictate the occurrence of depression in these children and adolescents.
Applying Geomatic Analyses Using Landsat Imagery in Occidental Mindoro, the Philippines
Authors: Castro Nicole Alexia Veridiano-de , Almadrones-Reyes King Joshua , Limbo-Dizon James Eduard , Redeña-Santos John Carlo , Dagamac Nikki Heherson 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Anthropogenic activities over the last decade in Occidental Mindoro have shaped habitat loss and wildlife endangerment. In the 20th century, farming by the local community was perceived to be the leading threat to the decline of native flora and fauna. Hence, this study investigated the impacts of anthropogenic practices in Occidental Mindoro in three time series (2019, 2010, and 2004) using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing Techniques by assessing the following geomatic matrices: (i) the Land Use and Land Cover Change (LULCC), (ii) Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), (iii) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and (iv) Land Surface Temperature (LST). The results of the study showed the following: (i) An increase in LST and NDBI and a decline in NDVI from 2004 to 2019; (ii) An increase in LST is correlated with an increase in NDBI and a decrease in NDVI values; and the (iii) LULC maps affirmed the decline in forest cover and an increase in cropland, grassland, and barren land. These quantitative measures of landscape heterogeneities may imply that anthropogenic activities over the span of ca. 20 years have already affected the forest cover in Occidental Mindoro. This study recommends implementing more land and conservation management strategies and policies by essential stakeholders such as the Government and Non-government organizations.
Compact Conformal Tattoo-Polymer Antenna for On-Body Wireless Power Transfer
Authors: Liang Chang Xi , Chee Pei Song , Lim Eng Hock 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A tattoo-polymer loop antenna is proposed for designing a wearable rectenna that can be used for on-body wireless power transfer. The proposed antenna can be easily printed on a piece of flexible tattoo paper and transformed onto a PDMS substrate, making the entire antenna structure conformal to human body. Here, a layer of frequency selective surface (FSS) is inserted in between the antenna and human tissue for improving the radiation performance. The FSS layer has successfully reduced the loading effects of the tissue, and it can improve the antenna gain as much as 13.8 dB. Also, the operating frequency of the rectenna is not affected much by deformation. To maximize the RF-DC conversion efficiency, a matching loop, a matching stub, and two coupled lines are integrated with the antenna for tuning the rectenna so that a wide bandwidth (~ 24%) can be achieved. The proposed rectenna design is simple as it does not require the use of any matching networks. Measurement results show that the proposed rectenna can achieve a maximum conversion efficiency of 59.0% with an input power of 5.75 µW/cm2. The efficiency can even exceed 40% for a low input power of 1.0 µW/cm2 with a 20 kΩ resistive load.