bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Anthropocene as Cinematic View: Time, Matter, and Race in Blade Runner 2049
Authors: Torlasco Domietta 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Taking Denis Villeneuve's Blade Runner 2049 as a point of departure, this essay argues that cinema's stories of species survival at once hide and duplicate the racialization of matter that has marked the history of geology and, more recently, the discourse of the Anthropocene. In the process, what is erased is also the memory of other stories that could have been told, stories that emerge out of a history of violence against Black being—what Hortense Spillers calls “high crimes against the flesh”—and that demand a temporality and a point of view that the cinema of the Anthropocene denies them.
Froude Efficiency and Velocity Fluctuation in Forearm-Amputee Front Crawl: Implications for Para Swimming Classification
Authors: O’DOWD DAWN N. , HOGARTH LUKE , BURKETT BRENDAN , OSBOROUGH CONOR , DALY DANIEL , SANDERS ROSS , PAYTON CARL 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The impact of physical impairment on Froude efficiency and intracyclic velocity fluctuation in Para swimmers is not well documented. Identification of differences in these variables between disabled and nondisabled swimmers could help develop a more objective system for assigning Para swimmers to classes for competition. This study quantifies Froude efficiency and intracyclic velocity fluctuation in unilateral forearm-amputee front crawl swimmers and evaluates associations between these variables and performance.

Methods
Ten unilateral forearm-amputee swimmers completed front crawl trials at 50- and 400-m pace; three-dimensional video analysis provided mass center, and wrist and stump velocities. Intracyclic velocity fluctuation was calculated as follows: 1) maximum–minimum mass center velocity, expressed as percent of mean velocity, and 2) coefficient of variation in mass center velocity. Froude efficiency was the ratio between mean swimming velocity and wrist plus stump velocity during each segment’s respective 1) underwater phase and 2) propulsive underwater phase.

Results
Forearm amputees’ intracyclic velocity fluctuation (400 m: 22% ± 7%, 50 m: 18% ± 5%) was similar to published values for nondisabled swimmers, whereas Froude efficiencies were lower. Froude efficiency was higher at 400-m (0.37 ± 0.04) than 50-m pace (0.35 ± 0.05; P < 0.05) and higher for the unaffected limb (400 m: 0.52 ± 0.03, 50 m: 0.54 ± 0.04) than the residual limb (400 m: 0.38 ± 0.03, 50 m 0.38 ± 0.02; P < 0.05). Neither intracyclic velocity fluctuation nor Froude efficiency was associated with swimming performance.

Conclusions
Froude efficiency may be a valuable measure of activity limitation in swimmers with an upper limb deficiency and a useful metric for comparing swimmers with different types and severity of physical impairment.
Virtual peer teaching in the gross anatomy lab: a format of peer teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hielscher Abigail C. , Everse Stephen 
Published: March 2023

Background: Peer teaching is a powerful educational tool utilized in medical school curricula. Previously, first year medical students taught their peers about the gross anatomical structures they had dissected in the anatomy lab. While this strategy provided an opportunity for students to learn from one another, there were unintended outcomes including difficulty engaging all students. Considering these observations, along with needing to limit student numbers in the lab due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a strategy was developed where students could conduct their anatomy peer teaching in a virtual environment. The goal was to establish an effective and efficient means for students to teach and learn from one another virtually. Methods: Students, working in groups of four, were tasked to: 1) Find and label 4-5 assigned structures on cadaver-based images; 2) Provide a rationale for labeling; 3) Discuss something relevant about the structure; 4) Prepare a 5-minute video presentation of steps 1-3; and 5) Review and provide meaningful feedback on another group’s presentation. Student performance on virtual peer teaching assignments was evaluated using a structured rubric and grades were weighted based on two separate faculty assessments. Student feedback was obtained via discussions with the course director, a semi-structured 1-hour virtual focus interview and from course evaluation data. Results: While students performed well on these assignments, feedback from students indicated several drawbacks such as excess time editing their videos, concerns about the validity of information provided by their peers, and the timing of peer teaching to be non-conducive to learning. Conclusions: Although the students viewed the virtual peer teaching negatively, we were successful in developing a platform in which students participated more equally in peer teaching. Recommendations to those considering this platform include careful consideration of timing of peer teaching activities and faculty feedback as well as technology used.
Estimating the epidemiology of chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection in the UK: what do we know and what are we missing?
Authors: Campbell Cori , Wang Tingyan , Burrow Rebekah , Mandal Sema , Hippisley-Cox Julia , Barnes Eleanor , Matthews Philippa C 
Published: March 2023

Background: HBV is the leading global cause of cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. However, the UK HBV population has not been well characterised, and estimates of UK HBV prevalence and/or incidence vary widely between sources. We aimed to i) extract and summarise existing national HBV prevalence estimates, ii) add a new estimate based on primary care data, and; iii) critique data sources from which estimates were derived. Methods: We undertook a narrative review, searching for national estimates of CHB case numbers in the UK (incorporating incidence, prevalence and/or test positivity data) across a range of overlapping sources, including governmental body reports, publications from independent bodies (including medical charities and non-governmental organisations) and articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals. An alternative proxy for population prevalence was obtained via the UK antenatal screening programme which achieves over 95% coverage of pregnant women. We also searched for diagnoses of HBV in the QResearch primary care database based on laboratory tests and standardised coding. Results: We identified six CHB case number estimates, of which three reported information concerning population subgroups, including number of infected individuals across age, sex and ethnicity categories. Estimates among sources reporting prevalence varied from 0.27% to 0.73%, congruent with an estimated antenatal CHB prevalence of <0.5%. Our estimate, based on QResearch data, suggests a population prevalence of ~0.05%, reflecting a substantial underestimation based on primary care records. Discussion: Estimates varied by sources of error, bias and missingness, data linkage, and “blind spots” in HBV diagnoses testing/registration. The UK HBV burden is likely to be concentrated in vulnerable populations who may not be well represented in existing datasets including those experiencing socioeconomic deprivation and/or homelessness, ethnic minorities and people born in high-prevalence countries. This could lead to under- or over-estimation of population prevalence estimation. Multi-agency collaboration is required to fill evidence gaps.
la filosofia nella scuola primaria un’indagine sulla formazione degli insegnanti
Authors: Casolaro Michela 
Published: March 2023

The article analyzes some of the results that emerged from a questionnaire administered in the academic year 2021/2022, aimed at investigating the point of view of primary school teachers regarding experiences of philosophical reflection with children.The idea of focusing attention on teachers lies in the belief that they are the main protagonists of philosophical practices with children, and that it is important to hear their voices. This contribution analyzes issues such as the training of teachers who intend to engage in these teaching experiences; the benefits that philosophy can bring transversally to improve learning in other disciplines; the possibility of developing critical thinking capacities in children; the increase of logical and argumentative skills; and finally the development of citizenship and social responsibility skills. A positive picture seems to emerge from the results of the questionnaire, where teachers show themselves to be proactive with respect to the possibility of understanding philosophical dialogue as a discourse that can be conducted with children of all ages. This leads, in turn, to the need to revisit normal teaching practices, and to the need for teachers to question themselves through targeted training. It is believed that the survey has positively stimulated teachers, even those who have never had direct experience with children's philosophy, and that it has shown how in a changing society, the figure of the teacher must change as well.
A marmoset model for Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease
Authors: Peters Jay , Maselli Diego Jose , Mangat Mandeep , Coalson Jacqueline J. , Hinojosa Cecilia , Giavedoni Luis , Brown-Elliott Barbara A. , Chan Edward , Griffith David 
Published: March 2023

Rationale
Mycobacterium avium complex, is the most common nontuberculous mycobacterial respiratory pathogen in humans. Disease mechanisms are poorly understood due to the absence of a reliable animal model for M. avium complex pulmonary disease.

Objectives
The objectives of this study were to assess the susceptibility, immunologic and histopathologic responses of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) to M. avium complex pulmonary infection.

Methods
7 adult female marmosets underwent endobronchial inoculation with 108 colony-forming units of M. intracellulare and were monitored for 30 or 60 days. Chest radiograph was assessed at baseline (prior to infection) and at the time of sacrifice (30 days for 3 animals and 60 days for 4 animals), and bronchoalveolar lavage cytokines, histopathology and cultures of the bronchoalveolar lavage, lungs, liver and kidney were assessed at time of sacrifice. Serum cytokines were monitored at baseline and weekly for 30 days for all animals and at 60 days for those alive. Group differences in serum cytokine measurements between those that tested positive versus negative for the M. intracellulare infection were assessed using a series of linear mixed models.

Measurements and main results
Five of seven animals (two at 30 days and three at 60 days of infection) had positive lung cultures for M. intracellulare. Extra-pulmonary cultures were positive in three animals. All animals appeared healthy throughout the study. All five animals with positive lung cultures had radiographic changes consistent with pneumonitis. At 30 days, those with M. intracellulare lung infection showed granulomatous inflammation, while at 60 days there were fewer inflammatory changes but bronchiectasis was noted. The cytokine response in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was uniformly greater in the animals with positive M. intracellulare cultures than those without a productive infection, with greater levels at 30-days compared to 60-days. Similarly, serum cytokines were more elevated in the animals that had positive M. intracellulare cultures compared to those without a productive infection, peaking 14–21 days after inoculation.

Conclusion
Endobronchial instillation of M. intracellulare resulted in pulmonary mycobacterial infection in marmosets with a differential immune response, radiographic and histopathologic abnormalities, and an indolent course consistent with M. avium complex lung infection in humans.
Differential coexistence of multiple genotypes of Ophiocordyceps sinensis in the stromata, ascocarps and ascospores of natural Cordyceps sinensis
Authors: Li Yu-Ling , Li Xiu-Zhang , Yao Yi-Sang , Wu Zi-Mei , Gao Ling , Tan Ning-Zhi , Luo Zhou-Qing , Xie Wei-Dong , Wu Jian-Yong , Zhu Jia-Shi 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo examine the differential occurrence ofOphiocordyceps sinensisgenotypes in the stroma, stromal fertile portion (SFP) densely covered with numerous ascocarps, and ascospores of naturalCordyceps sinensis.MethodsImmature and matureC.sinensisspecimens were harvested. MatureC.sinensisspecimens were continuously cultivated in our laboratory (altitude 2,200 m). The SFPs (with ascocarps) and ascospores ofC.sinensiswere collected for microscopic and molecular analyses using species-/genotype-specific primers. Sequences of mutant genotypes ofO.sinensiswere aligned with that of Genotype #1Hirsutella sinensisand compared phylogenetically using a Bayesian majority-rule method.ResultsFully and semiejected ascospores were collected from the same specimens. The semiejected ascospores tightly adhered to the surface of the asci as observed by the naked eye and under optical and confocal microscopies. The multicellular heterokaryotic ascospores showed uneven staining of nuclei. The immature and mature stromata, SFPs (with ascocarps) and ascospores were found to differentially contain several GC- and AT-biased genotypes ofO.sinensis,Samsoniella hepiali, and an AB067719-type fungus. The genotypes within AT-biased Cluster-A in the Bayesian tree occurred in all compartments ofC.sinensis, but those within AT-biased Cluster-B were present in immature and mature stromata and SPFs but absent in the ascospores. Genotype #13 ofO.sinensiswas present in semi-ejected ascospores and Genotype #14 in fully ejected ascospores. GC-biased Genotypes #13–14 featured large DNA segment substitutions and genetic material recombination between the genomes of the parental fungi (H.sinensisand the AB067719-type fungus). These ascosporic offspring genotypes combined with varying abundances ofS.hepialiin the 2 types of ascospores participated in the control of the development, maturation and ejection of the ascospores.ConclusionMultiple genotypes ofO.sinensiscoexist differentially in the stromata, SFPs and 2 types ofC.sinensisascospores, along withS.hepialiand the AB067719-type fungus. The fungal components in different combinations and their dynamic alterations in the compartments ofC.sinensisduring maturation play symbiotic roles in the lifecycle of naturalC.sinensis.
Helicobacter pylori infection and its associated factors among dyspepsia patients attending Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, 2020
Authors: Jemere Tadeg , Tilahun Mekdes , Walle Gashaw , Yideg Getachew , Agegnehu Assefa , Tilahun Anemut , Abebe Edget , Moges Natnael 
Published: March 2023

Introduction
Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common bacterial infections of humankind that affects more than 50% of the world’s population. It has been implicated as an important agent in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Data regarding its prevalence using stool antigen test is scarce in Ethiopia. Hence, the main aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among dyspeptic patients using stool antigen test and assessing the potential risk factors.

Methods
Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted on 373 dyspepsia patients. Data were collected using a pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire. SPSS Version 23 for Windows software was used for summarization and analyses of data. Bivariate analysis was conducted to detect the association between dependent and independent variables, and all candidate variables were entered into multivariate logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05.

Result
More than one-third (34%) of dyspepsia patients were positive for H. pylori stool antigen test. Having greater than or equal to four children in the house [AOR = 7.5 95% CI (1.7, 33.6) p = 0.008)], absence of latrine for the house hold [AOR = 4.3 95% CI (1, 17.8), p = 0.043 and drinking of river water [AOR = 12.5 95% CI (1.5, 105), p = 0.021] were predictors of H-pylori infection.

Conclusion
More than one-third of dyspepsia patients were positive for H-pylori infection. Overcrowding and poor hygienic conditions are the main risk factors of H-pylori infection.
Clinical criteria to exclude acute vascular pathology on CT angiogram in patients with dizziness
Authors: Tu Long H. , Malhotra Ajay , Venkatesh Arjun K. , Taylor Richard A. , Sheth Kevin N. , Yaesoubi Reza , Forman Howard P. , Sureshanand Soundari , Navaratnam Dhasakumar 
Published: March 2023

Background
Patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with dizziness may be imaged via CTA head and neck to detect acute vascular pathology including large vessel occlusion. We identify commonly documented clinical variables which could delineate dizzy patients with near zero risk of acute vascular abnormality on CTA.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional analysis of adult ED encounters with chief complaint of dizziness and CTA head and neck imaging at three EDs between 1/1/2014-12/31/2017. A decision rule was derived to exclude acute vascular pathology tested on a separate validation cohort; sensitivity analysis was performed using dizzy “stroke code” presentations.

Results
Testing, validation, and sensitivity analysis cohorts were composed of 1072, 357, and 81 cases with 41, 6, and 12 instances of acute vascular pathology respectively. The decision rule had the following features: no past medical history of stroke, arterial dissection, or transient ischemic attack (including unexplained aphasia, incoordination, or ataxia); no history of coronary artery disease, diabetes, migraines, current/long-term smoker, and current/long-term anti-coagulation or anti-platelet medication use. In the derivation phase, the rule had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 0.91–1.00), specificity of 59% (95% CI: 0.56–0.62), and negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI: 0.99–1.00). In the validation phase, the rule had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 0.61–1.00), specificity of 53% (95% CI: 0.48–0.58), and negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI: 0.98–1.00). The rule performed similarly on dizzy stroke codes and was more sensitive/predictive than all NIHSS cut-offs. CTAs for dizziness might be avoidable in 52% (95% CI: 0.47–0.57) of cases.

Conclusions
A collection of clinical factors may be able to “exclude” acute vascular pathology in up to half of patients imaged by CTA for dizziness. These findings require further development and prospective validation, though could improve the evaluation of dizzy patients in the ED.
Video based monitoring systems for hand hygiene compliance auditing: What do patients think?
Authors: McKay Katherine J. , Shaban Ramon Z. 
Published: March 2023

Background
Compliance with hand hygiene by healthcare workers is a vital aspect of the quality and safety in healthcare. The current method of monitoring compliance, known as direct observation, has been questioned as have the various electronic measures proposed as alternatives. In our earlier work we established the capacity of video-based monitoring systems (VMS) to collect data with increased efficacy, efficiency and accuracy. However, the spectre of the approach being seen as an unacceptable invasion of patient privacy, was raised as a barrier to implementation by healthcare workers.

Methods
In depth, semi structured interviews were conducted with 8 patients in order to explore their beliefs and options regarding the proposed approach. Interviews were transcribed and then thematic and content analysis was conducted in order to uncover themes from the data.

Results
Despite healthcare worker predictions, patients were generally accepting of the use of video-based monitoring systems for the auditing of hand hygiene compliance. However, this acceptance was conditional. Four interconnected themes emerged from the interview data; quality and safety of care versus privacy, consumer Involvement–knowledge, understanding and consent, technical features of the system, and rules of operation.

Conclusion
The use of within zone VMS approaches to hand hygiene auditing has the potential to improve the efficacy, efficiency and accuracy of hand hygiene auditing and hence the safety and quality of healthcare. By combining a suite of technical and operational specifications with high level consumer engagement and information the acceptability of the approach for patients may be significantly enhanced.
Addressing non-medical health-related social needs through a community-based lifestyle intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic: The Black Impact program
Authors: Joseph Joshua J. , Gray Darrell M. , Williams Amaris , Zhao Songzhu , McKoy Alicia , Odei James B. , Brock Guy , Lavender Dana , Walker Daniel M. , Nawaz Saira , Baker Carrie , Hoseus Jenelle , Price Tanikka , Gregory John , Nolan Timiya S. 
Published: March 2023

Background
Non-medical health-related social needs (social needs) are major contributors to worse health outcomes and may have an adverse impact on cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease. The present study evaluated the effect of a closed-loop community-based pathway in reducing social needs among Black men in a lifestyle change program.

Methods
Black men (n = 70) from a large Midwestern city participated in Black Impact, a 24-week community-based team lifestyle change single-arm pilot trial adapted from the Diabetes Prevention Program and American Heart Association’s (AHA) Check, Change, Control Blood Pressure Self-Management Program, which incorporates AHA’s Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) framework. Participants were screened using the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Accountable Health Communities Health-Related Social Needs Screening Tool. Participants with affirmative responses were referred to a community hub pathway to address social needs. The primary outcome for this analysis is change in social needs based on the CMS social needs survey at 12 and 24 weeks using mixed effect logistic regressions with random intercepts for each participant. Change in a LS7 score (range 0–14) from baseline to 12 and 24 weeks was evaluated using a linear mixed-effects model stratified by baseline social needs.

Results
Among 70 participants, the mean age of participants was 52 ±10.5 years. The men were sociodemographically diverse, with annual income ranging from <$20,000 (6%) to ≥$75,000 (23%). Forty-three percent had a college degree or higher level of education, 73% had private insurance, and 84% were employed. At baseline 57% of participants had at least one social need. Over 12 and 24 weeks, this was reduced to 37% (OR 0.33, 95%CI: 0.13, 0.85) and 44% (OR 0.50, 95%CI: 0.21, 1.16), respectively. There was no association of baseline social needs status with baseline LS7 score, and LS7 score improved over 12 and 24 weeks among men with and without social needs, with no evidence of a differential effect.

Conclusions
The Black Impact lifestyle change single-arm pilot program showed that a referral to a closed-loop community-based hub reduced social needs in Black men. We found no association of social needs with baseline or change in LS7 scores. Further evaluation of community-based strategies to advance the attainment of LS7 and address social needs among Black men in larger trials is warranted.