bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of spectacle correction on the well-being of children with vision impairment due to uncorrected refractive error: a systematic review
Authors: Pirindhavellie Govender-Poonsamy , Yong Ai Chee , Mashige Khathutshelo Percy , Naidoo Kovin S. , Chan Ving Fai 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite being easily corrected with eyeglasses, over two-thirds of the world’s child population presents with vision impairment (VI) due to uncorrected refractive errors. While systematic reviews have shown that VI can significantly impact children’s depression and anxiety, none have reviewed the existing literature on the association between spectacle correction and well-being. This review aims to address this knowledge gap.

Main outcome measures
The main outcome measures were i) cognitive and education well-being which included mathematics and english literacy, reading fluency, school function, academic performance and grades; ii) psychological and mental health well-being which included physical anxiety, learning anxiety and mental health test scores and iii) quality of life.

Methods
We searched eight databases for articles published between 1999 to 2021 that assessed the associations between spectacle correction and children’s (0 to 18 years) well-being. There were no restrictions on language or geographic location. Two reviewers independently screened all publications using validated quality checklists. The findings of the review were analysed using narrative synthesis. [PROSPERO CRD42020196847].

Results
Of 692 records found in the databases, six randomised control trials, one cohort, one cross-sectional and one qualitative study (N = 9, 1.3%) were eligible for analysis. Data were collected from 25 522 children, 20 parents and 25 teachers across the nine studies. Seven were rated as good quality (67 to 100% of quality criteria fulfilled), and two were satisfactory (33 to 66% of quality criteria fulfilled). Spectacle correction was found to improve children’s educational well-being (n = 4 very strong evidence; n = 2 strong evidence), quality of life (n = 1, very strong evidence) and decrease anxiety and increase mental health scores (n = 1, strong evidence).

Conclusion
Evidence suggests that spectacle correction improves children’s cognitive and educational well-being, psychological well-being, mental health, and quality of life. More research is needed, given the paucity of published literature and the focus on only three aspects of well-being.
Association of dietary patterns with general and central obesity among Chinese adults: a longitudinal population-based study
Authors: Zhao Zhongyi , Zhen Shihan , Yan Yumeng , Liu Ning , Ding Ding , Kong Juan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Limited evidence exists for the association between dietary patterns and later obesity phenotypes among Chinese adults. This longitudinal study aimed to evaluate associations of dietary patterns with general and central obesity in Chinese adults.

Methods
Based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) waves 2004 and 2015, the study was conducted on 4207 adult men and women (age range: 18–65 years). Dietary intakes were assessed by three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls, and dietary patterns were identified using exploratory factor analysis. Longitudinal associations of dietary patterns with general and central obesity were evaluated using logistic regression analyses.

Results
The prevalence rates of general and central obesity were 14.2% and 42.1%, respectively. Factor analysis extracted three major dietary patterns: “traditional southern,“ “modern,“ and “traditional northern.“ After adjustment for potential confounders, adults in the highest quartile of the traditional southern dietary group were less likely to develop over 10 years general (odds ratio [OR] = 0.50, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.39, 0.65) and central (OR = 0.52, 95%CI: 0.43, 0.63) obesity compared to those in the lowest quartile group. The modern dietary pattern was not significantly associated with general and central obesity. Adherence to the traditional northern dietary pattern increased the chance of both general and central obesity (OR = 1.61, 95%CI: 1.23, 2.10; OR = 1.64, 95%CI: 1.36, 1.98) after 10 years.

Conclusions
Our study provides longitudinal evidence for associations between dietary patterns and later obesity phenotypes among Chinese adults. Our findings may guide the development of evidence-based preventive nutrition interventions to control the obesity epidemic.
A comparative study of CAD/CAM fabricated polyether ether ketone and fiber-glass reinforcement composites versus metal lingual retainers under vertical load (an in vitro study)
Authors: Alabbadi Abdullah A. , Abdalla Essam M. , Hanafy Seham A. , Yousry Tarek N. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Retainer is a necessary procedure when orthodontic treatment complete to avoid relapse due to periodontal fiber elasticity and to allow for alveolar bone regeneration. Compare the influence of vertical force on the failure of three fixed retainers: CAD/CAM polyether ether ketone (PEEK), CAD/CAM fiber glass reinforced composites (FRCs), and lingual retainer wire “Bond-A-Braid™”.

Materials and methods
One hundred and eight maxillary first premolars teeth were randomly allocated to three groups: Group A (CAD/CAM PEEK), Group B (CAD/CAM FRC), and Group C (lingual retainer wire " Bond-A-Braid™”). These retainers were bonded using Assure Plus Bonding Resin and GO TO Paste. For each specimen, a loading cycling and thermocycling machine was used. The failure debonding forces were measured on the interproximal segments using a universal testing machine with a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was calculated after identifying types of failure with a stereomicroscope at (X 20) magnification.

Results
Group B and group C showed the highest failure bonding forces, with a mean of 209.67 ± 16.15 and 86.81 ± 4.59 N, respectively. However, Group A had a statistically significant lower bond failure force, with a mean value of 45.73 ± 4.48 N. At baseline, there was a statistically significant difference in connector retainer displacement between the three studied groups (p < .001). The ARI score was not statistically significant (p < .001) between the three study groups; for groups A and B, the ARI was predominantly score 3, and group C showed a mixed score of 2 and 3. The failure mode of retainers was investigated using an optical stereomicroscope. In group B, there was a cohesive breakdown in the retainer, and groups A and C exhibited failures primarily in the adhesive at the retainer interface.

Conclusion
All groups differed significantly, with group A having the lowest debonding force and group B having the highest. Furthermore, there was not a substantial variation in ARI, but there was a significant difference in connector retainer displacement and the types of failure amongst the three groups.
A pilot study evaluating the feasibility of assessing undergraduate pharmacy and medical students interprofessional collaboration during an online interprofessional education intervention about hospital discharge
Authors: Almoghirah Hailah , Illing Jan , Nazar Mahdi , Nazar Hamde 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Interprofessional education (IPE) has been identified as a strategy towards improving competence at interprofessional working and collaboration within teams. Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) provide a framework for translating competencies into elements of clinical practice, some of which in healthcare are inherently interprofessional. However, it is challenging to reconcile that entrustment decisions about student competence in an interprofessional activity are made about an individual without considering the dynamics and tensions between interprofessional team members and the task itself. This can influence students’ development and demonstration of competence at interprofessional collaboration.

Methods
In this study, undergraduate medical and pharmacy students worked in pairs online (Zoom) to undertake the hospital discharge process (a professional activity reliant on interprofessional collaboration) for a simulated patient, producing a hospital discharge letter and completing a consultation with the simulated patient. The online sessions were recorded and interprofessional behaviours were assessed using a validated scale completed by an interprofessional assessment team. Students undertook this IPE intervention three times after receiving feedback and a period of reflection each time.

Results
Eighteen students participated across the entire intervention and 27 one-hour online IPE sessions were completed and recorded. Students demonstrated statistically significant improvements in interprofessional behaviours across the three iterations (p < 0.05 for all the sessions). The discharge letter students produced also improved over the three sessions (p = 0.01). Students found the educational sessions useful and relevant.

Conclusion
This online IPE intervention provided the students with an authentic opportunity to work collaboratively. At the end of each iteration, students received feedback about their work as a team and about the discharge letter, helping students to reflect and purposefully develop their performance. The IPE intervention with this assessment strategy is feasible and allows student development to be captured but has proved to be time and resource intensive.
Person-centred care in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross sectional study based on nursing staff and first-line managers’ self-reported outcomes
Authors: Lindner Helen , Kihlgren Annica , Pejner Margaretha Norell 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 has presented many difficulties in providing person-centred care (PCC) in nursing homes (NH). Factors such as organisational support, work condition and leadership may play a crucial role in supporting the performance of PCC during COVID restrictions. The study aim was to evaluate nursing staff and manager perceptions of the opportunities to perform person-centred care during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Nursing staff (NS) (n = 463) and First Line Managers (FLM) (n = 8) within all NHs in one community filled in the SVENIS questionnaire which consists of five areas: perceived organizational support, work climate, person-centred care, work conditions and leadership. A Kruskal-Wallis test was used to perform inter-group comparisons and standard multiple regression was used to investigate which factor contributed most to perform PCC.

Results
The comparison analyses indicate that staff from nursing homes for persons with dementia had the highest opportunities to perform PCC during the pandemic. The day shift staff had more opportunities to perform PCC than night shift staff. The results from the standard multiple regression show that a NA’s current nursing home was the most significant variable affecting the opportunities to perform PCC. The analyses of both the comparison analyses and the regression suggest that day shift staff from nursing homes for persons with dementia had the highest opportunities to perform PCC during the pandemic. The same group also rated the importance of leadership as high for performing PCC.

Conclusion
Despite the COVID-19 restrictions and all the criticism directed against the care of older people; the day staff felt that they conducted PCC. Staff in nursing homes for dementia had the highest opportunities for PCC and this may be because they are better prepared to provide care for the individual in NH. The importance of leadership was also evident, which means that investment in FLMs is seen as necessary.
Regulation of mouse exploratory behaviour by irradiance and cone-opponent signals
Authors: Tamayo E. , Mouland J. W. , Lucas R. J. , Brown T. M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Animal survival depends on the ability to adjust behaviour according to environmental conditions. The circadian system plays a key role in this capability, with diel changes in the quantity (irradiance) and spectral content (‘colour’) of ambient illumination providing signals of time-of-day that regulate the timing of rest and activity. Light also exerts much more immediate effects on behaviour, however, that are equally important in shaping daily activity patterns. Hence, nocturnal mammals will actively avoid light and dramatically reduce their activity when light cannot be avoided. The sensory mechanisms underlying these acute effects of light are incompletely understood, particularly the importance of colour.

Results
To define sensory mechanisms controlling mouse behaviour, we used photoreceptor-isolating stimuli and mice with altered cone spectral sensitivity (Opn1mwR), lacking melanopsin (Opn1mwR; Opn4−/−) or cone phototransduction (Cnga3−/−) in assays of light-avoidance and activity suppression. In addition to roles for melanopsin-dependent irradiance signals, we find a major influence of spectral content in both cases. Hence, remarkably, selective increases in S-cone irradiance (producing a blue-shift in spectrum replicating twilight) drive light-seeking behaviour and promote activity. These effects are opposed by signals from longer-wavelength sensitive cones, indicating a true spectrally-opponent mechanism. Using c-Fos-mapping and multielectrode electrophysiology, we further show these effects are associated with a selective cone-opponent modulation of neural activity in the key brain site implicated in acute effects of light on behaviour, the subparaventricular zone.

Conclusions
Collectively, these data reveal a mechanism whereby blue-shifts in the spectrum of environmental illumination, such as during twilight, promote mouse exploratory behaviour.
Clinical and genetic evaluation of children with short stature of unknown origin
Authors: Zhao Qianqian , Li Yanying , Shao Qian , Zhang Chuanpeng , Kou Shuang , Yang Wanling , Zhang Mei , Ban Bo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Short stature is a common human trait. More severe and/or associated short stature is usually part of the presentation of a syndrome and may be a monogenic disease. The present study aimed to identify the genetic etiology of children with short stature of unknown origin.

Methods
A total of 232 children with short stature of unknown origin from March 2013 to May 2020 were enrolled in this study. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed for the enrolled patients to determine the underlying genetic etiology.

Results
We identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic variants in 18 (7.8%) patients. All of these variants were located in genes known to be associated with growth disorders. Five of the genes are associated with paracrine signaling or cartilage extracellular matrix in the growth plate, including NPR2 (N = 1), ACAN (N = 1), CASR (N = 1), COMP (N = 1) and FBN1 (N = 1). Two of the genes are involved in the RAS/MAPK pathway, namely, PTPN11 (N = 6) and NF1 (N = 1). Two genes are associated with the abnormal growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor 1 (GH-IGF1) axis, including GH1 (N = 1) and IGF1R (N = 1). Two mutations are located in PROKR2, which is associated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency. Mutations were found in the remaining two patients in genes with miscellaneous mechanisms: ANKRD11 (N = 1) and ARID1A (N = 1).

Conclusions
The present study identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic variants in eighteen of the 232 patients (7.8%) with short stature of unknown origin. Our findings suggest that in the absence of prominent malformation, genetic defects in hormones, paracrine factors, and matrix molecules may be the causal factors for this group of patients. Early genetic testing is necessary for accurate diagnosis and precision treatment.
Whole-exome sequencing enables rapid and prenatal diagnosis of inherited skin disorders
Authors: Xintong Zhu , Kexin Zhang , Junwen Wang , Ziyi Wang , Na Luo , Hong Guo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Genodermatoses are a broad group of disorders with specific or non-specific skin-based phenotypes, most of which are monogenic disorders. However, it’s a great challenge to make a precise molecular diagnosis because of the clinical heterogeneity. The genetic and clinical heterogeneity brings great challenges for diagnosis in dermatology. The whole exome sequencing (WES) not only expedites the discovery of the genetic variations, but also contributes to genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis.

Materials and methods
Followed by the initial clinical and pathological diagnosis, genetic variations were identified by WES. The pathogenicity of the copy number variations (CNVs) and single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) were evaluated according to ACMG guidelines. Candidate pathogenic SNVs were confirmed by Sanger sequencing in the proband and the family members.

Results
Totally 25 cases were recruited. Nine novel variations, including c.5546G > C and c.1457delC in NF1, c.6110G > T in COL7A1, c.2127delG in TSC1, c.1445 C > A and c.1265G > A in TYR, Xp22.31 deletion in STS, c.908 C > T in ATP2A2, c.1371insC in IKBKG, and nine known ones were identified in 16 cases (64%). Prenatal diagnosis was applied in 6 pregnant women by amniocentesis, two of whom carried positive findings.

Conclusions
Our findings highlighted the value of WES as a first-tier genetic test in determining the molecular diagnosis. We also discovered the distribution of genodermatoses in this district, which provided a novel clinical dataset for dermatologists.
Development of a novel glycoengineering platform for the rapid production of conjugate vaccines
Authors: Abouelhadid Sherif , Atkins Elizabeth R. , Kay Emily J. , Passmore Ian J. , North Simon J. , Lehri Burhan , Hitchen Paul , Bakke Eirik , Rahman Mohammed , Bossé Janine T. , Li Yanwen , Terra Vanessa S. , Langford Paul R. , Dell Anne , Wren Brendan W. , Cuccui Jon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractConjugate vaccines produced either by chemical or biologically conjugation have been demonstrated to be safe and efficacious in protection against several deadly bacterial diseases. However, conjugate vaccine assembly and production have several shortcomings which hinders their wider availability. Here, we developed a tool, Mobile-element Assisted Glycoconjugation by Insertion on Chromosome, MAGIC, a novel biotechnological platform that overcomes the limitations of the current conjugate vaccine design method(s). As a model, we focused our design on a leading bioconjugation method using N-oligosaccharyltransferase (OTase), PglB. The installation of MAGIC led to at least twofold increase in glycoconjugate yield via MAGIC when compared to conventional N-OTase based bioconjugation method(s). Then, we improved MAGIC to (a) allow rapid installation of glycoengineering component(s), (b) omit the usage of antibiotics, (c) reduce the dependence on protein induction agents. Furthermore, we show the modularity of the MAGIC platform in performing glycoengineering in bacterial species that are less genetically tractable than the commonly used Escherichia coli. The MAGIC system promises a rapid, robust and versatile method to develop vaccines against serious bacterial pathogens. We anticipate the utility of the MAGIC platform could enhance vaccines production due to its compatibility with virtually any bioconjugation method, thus expanding vaccine biopreparedness toolbox.
The flavohaemoprotein hmp maintains redox homeostasis in response to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Jiang Ziqin , Guan Jingyi , Liu Tingting , Shangguan Chunyu , Xu Meijuan , Rao Zhiming 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
During the production of L-arginine through high dissolved oxygen and nitrogen supply fermentation, the industrial workhorse Corynebacterium glutamicum is exposed to oxidative stress. This generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which are harmful to the bacteria. To address the issue and to maintain redox homeostasis during fermentation, the flavohaemoprotein (Hmp) was employed.

Results
The results showed that the overexpression of Hmp led to a decrease in ROS and RNS content by 9.4% and 22.7%, respectively, and improved the survivability of strains. When the strains were treated with H2O2 and NaNO2, the RT-qPCR analysis indicated an up-regulation of ammonium absorption and transporter genes amtB and glnD. Conversely, the deletion of hmp gives rise to the up-regulation of eight oxidative stress-related genes. These findings suggested that hmp is associated with oxidative stress and intracellular nitrogen metabolism genes. Finally, we released the inhibitory effect of ArnR on hmp. The Cc-ΔarnR-hmp strain produced 48.4 g/L L-arginine during batch-feeding fermentation, 34.3% higher than the original strain.

Conclusions
This report revealed the influence of dissolved oxygen and nitrogen concentration on reactive species of Corynebacterium glutamicum and the role of the Hmp in coping with oxidative stress. The Hmp first demonstrates related to redox homeostasis and nitrite metabolism, providing a feasible strategy for improving the robustness of strains.
Current status of skin cancers with a focus on immunology and immunotherapy
Authors: Khayyati Kohnehshahri Mahsa , Sarkesh Aila , Mohamed Khosroshahi Leila , HajiEsmailPoor Zanyar , Aghebati-Maleki Ali , Yousefi Mehdi , Aghebati-Maleki Leili 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSkin cancer is one of the most widespread cancers, with a significant global health effect. UV-induced DNA damage in skin cells triggers them to grow and proliferate out of control, resulting in cancer development. Two common types of skin cancer include melanoma skin cancer (MSC) and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer, and NMSC includes basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and other forms. The incidence of skin cancer is increasing in part owing to a demographic shift toward an aging population, which is more prone to NMSC, imposing a considerable financial strain on public health services. The introduction of immunostimulatory approaches for cancer cell eradication has led to significant improvements in skin cancer treatment. Over the last three decades, monoclonal antibodies have been used as powerful human therapeutics besides scientific tools, and along with the development of monoclonal antibody production and design procedures from chimeric to humanized and then fully human monoclonal antibodies more than 6 monoclonal antibodies have been approved by the food and drug administration (FDA) and have been successful in skin cancer treatment. In this review, we will discuss the epidemiology, immunology, and therapeutic approaches of different types of skin cancer,