bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surveillance and the power of platforms
Authors: Lyon David 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIt is a truism that the power of platform companies rests, among other things, on their capacity to engage in surveillance. Their existence depends on the acquisition and analysis of data, which fuels their movement, that is steered by algorithms. Surveillance capitalism, usually instantiated in the activities of platform companies, expanded even more markedly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Platforms have ambiguous relations with already existing corporations and government agencies, often leading to tension and conflict. Also, surveillance enabled by the massive datasets used by platforms does not have uniform outcomes. Its operations sort populations into categories, enabling differential treatment, which may be experienced negatively by some vulnerable groups. This includes groups experiencing precarity, and in particular places. An emergent kind of power is visible in surveillance-dependent platform companies, raising critical questions of political resistance and legal regulation.
Schools and Juvenile Treatment Drug Courts: A Case Study on Treatment Access through Collaboration and Advocacy
Authors: Smith Ramey Jennifer , Volk Fred 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Adolescent substance use is typically addressed from the perspectives of school personnel (e.g., teachers, school counselors, social workers, and resource officers) who interact daily with students in school settings. Consequences of adolescent substance use in the schools may include suspension or expulsion and possible legal involvement. However, many adolescents do not have access to evidence-based treatment to address drug and alcohol use. Services are often not available or fragmented, resulting in poor compliance with treatment and inadequate treatment outcomes for youth. Cross-sector collaboration among schools, community behavioral health agencies, and juvenile court service units offers an opportunity to improve access to care and efficiency in delivering care to adolescents with drug and alcohol problems. Illuminated through a single case study, embedded substance use treatment in schools through partnerships with the court service unit and community behavioral health providers can increase access to care. Counselors and social workers play a key role in advocating for joint efforts to increase service access and improve treatment outcomes. Advocacy efforts may include participation and leadership in community coalitions, training and consultation in evidence-based practices, and seamless communication across all organizations that serve youth with substance use disorders.
School-Based Postvention Services: Exploring the Perspectives of Students
Authors: Mirick Rebecca G , Berkowitz Lawrence 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Adolescent suicide is a public health issue with 15 percent of adolescents experiencing the suicide loss of a classmate, acquaintance, or friend. This article reports findings from an online survey of individuals (N = 40) who lost a peer to suicide in middle or high school. The most frequently provided school-based postvention responses were school counselors, outside grief counselors, education on depression and suicide, and assemblies. Participants identified the following student needs from schools following a student suicide death: genuineness and sincerity of response, easy-to-access supports, recognition that students need help and support, awareness that students have different needs following a death, opportunities for commemoration, and flexibility in terms of academic requirements and expectations. Implications for schools are discussed, including the importance of resources for teachers and other staff supporting students, a trauma-informed response, and the careful consideration of the balance of suicide prevention and grief. Most important, it is essential for schools to recognize the magnitude of the impact of a suicide death on students, and that students need help and support from the school.
Integrative human atrial modelling unravels interactive protein kinase A and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II signalling as key determinants of atrial arrhythmogenesis
Authors: Ni Haibo , Morotti Stefano , Zhang Xianwei , Dobrev Dobromir , Grandi Eleonora 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most prevalent clinical arrhythmia, is associated with atrial remodelling manifesting as acute and chronic alterations in expression, function, and regulation of atrial electrophysiological and Ca2+-handling processes. These AF-induced modifications crosstalk and propagate across spatial scales creating a complex pathophysiological network, which renders AF resistant to existing pharmacotherapies that predominantly target transmembrane ion channels. Developing innovative therapeutic strategies requires a systems approach to disentangle quantitatively the pro-arrhythmic contributions of individual AF-induced alterations.

Methods and results
Here, we built a novel computational framework for simulating electrophysiology and Ca2+-handling in human atrial cardiomyocytes and tissues, and their regulation by key upstream signalling pathways [i.e. protein kinase A (PKA), and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)] involved in AF-pathogenesis. Populations of atrial cardiomyocyte models were constructed to determine the influence of subcellular ionic processes, signalling components, and regulatory networks on atrial arrhythmogenesis. Our results reveal a novel synergistic crosstalk between PKA and CaMKII that promotes atrial cardiomyocyte electrical instability and arrhythmogenic triggered activity. Simulations of heterogeneous tissue demonstrate that this cellular triggered activity is further amplified by CaMKII- and PKA-dependent alterations of tissue properties, further exacerbating atrial arrhythmogenesis.

Conclusions
Our analysis reveals potential mechanisms by which the stress-associated adaptive changes turn into maladaptive pro-arrhythmic triggers at the cellular and tissue levels and identifies potential anti-AF targets. Collectively, our integrative approach is powerful and instrumental to assemble and reconcile existing knowledge into a systems network for identifying novel anti-AF targets and innovative approaches moving beyond the traditional ion channel-based strategy.
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor canagliflozin alleviates vascular calcification through suppression of nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 inflammasome
Authors: Chen An , Lan Zirong , Li Li , Xie Luting , Liu Xiaoyu , Yang Xiulin , Wang Siyi , Liang Qingchun , Dong Qianqian , Feng Liyun , Li Yining , Ye Yuanzhi , Fu Mingwei , Lu Lihe , Yan Jianyun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
Vascular calcification (VC) is prevalent in pathological processes such as diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and atherosclerosis, but effective therapies are still lacking by far. Canagliflozin (CANA), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and exhibits beneficial effects against cardiovascular disease. However, the effect of CANA on VC remains unknown. In this study, we hypothesize that CANA protects against VC.

Methods and results
Micro-computed tomography analysis and alizarin red staining revealed that CANA treatment prevented aortic calcification in CKD rats and in VitD3-overloaded mice. Moreover, CANA alleviated the calcification of rat and human arterial rings. Alizarin red staining revealed that calcification of rat and human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was attenuated by CANA treatment and this phenomenon was confirmed by calcium content assay. In addition, CANA downregulated the expression of osteogenic differentiation markers Runx2 and BMP2. Of interest, qPCR and western blot analysis revealed that CANA downregulated the expression of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3), and the downstream signalling molecules Caspase-1 and IL-1β in VSMCs as well. Both NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 and knockdown of NLRP3 by siRNA independently resulted in decreased calcification of VSMCs. By contrast, activation of NLRP3 exacerbated VSMC calcification, and this effect was prevented by the addition of CANA.

Conclusions
Our study for the first time demonstrates that CANA exerts a protective effect on VC at least partially via suppressing the NLRP3 signalling pathway. Therefore, supplementation of CANA as well as inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome presents a potential therapy for VC.
How to test adhesive strength: a biomechanical testing for aortic glue used in type a dissection repair
Authors: Zientara Alicja , Tseng Yuan-Tsan , Salmasi Yousuf Mohammad , Quarto Cesare , Stock Ulrich 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to develop a method to quantify the peel force in an in vitro model simulating repair of ascending aortic dissections with tissue glue (Bioglue).

METHODS
This study adapted an adhesive T-Peel test for the determination of the peel strength of adhesives by measuring the peeling force of a T-shaped bonded tissue. Measurements were performed on iatrogenic dissected ascending porcine aorta, which has been repaired with Bioglue using different pressure levels. Four conditions were tested: zero sample pressure according to the manufacturer’s recommendation (n = 10), low (504 Pa; n = 11), moderate pressure (1711 Pa; n = 24) and pressure applied by a round shaped vascular ‘Borst clamp’ (1764 Pa; n = 23). Non-parametric one-way analysis of variance was applied for statistical significance.

RESULTS
The median peel force (lower quartile, upper quartile) of aortic samples increased depending on the applied pressure: [no pressure 0.030 N/mm (0.016, 0.057), low pressure 0.040 N/mm (0.032, 0.070) and moderate pressure 0.214 N/mm (0.050, 0.304)]. Samples pressurized with the Borst clamp reached 0.078 N/mm (0.046, 0.152), which was comparable to the peel force of the unpeeled controls [0.107 N/mm (0.087, 0.124)]. Compared to samples without pressure, Bioglue with the application of the Borst clamp (P = 0.021) and with moderate pressure (P = 0.0007) performed significantly better.

CONCLUSIONS
The novel T-Peel test offers an attractive method to test tissue glues in defined in vitro environments. Bioglue peel force increased with pressure on the aortic sample in contrast to low or no pressure as per the manufacturer’s recommendation. Modifying current recommended use may aid in increasing effectiveness of this approach.
The experience of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (PoTS) Interviews in Phase 1 of Developing & feasibility testing a complex intervention: supportive self-management in PoTS study (SSPoTS)
Authors: Eftekhari H , Pearce G , Staniszewska S , Seers K 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): British Heart Foundation.

Background
Crucial for future healthcare delivery is supporting people in self-management. POTS is underdiagnosed with impact on quality of life comparable to other long-term conditions.

Aim
An insight into the diverse experience of people with PoTS and health care practitioners with experience of PoTS.

Methods
University of Warwick sponsorship and NHS Health Research Authority ethical approval gained.
Sample
Purposive sampling of people with PoTS from 3 NHS clinics. Snowball sampling of health care professionals from PoTS UK charity network.
Inclusion Criteria
Able to provide informed consent, speak English, aged &gt;18. People with PoTS require a recorded PoTS diagnosis. Health care practitioners require minimally six months PoTS experience
Thematic analysis was utilised and NVivo was used to manage the data.

Results
In depth semi structured iterative interviews: average length 65 minutes (range 40-93) exploring the experience of PoTS and supportive self-management. Transcribed Verbatim and pseudo-anonymised.
44 interviews were conducted representing a diverse range of 25 Health Care Practitioners (HCPs) and 19 people with PoTS. Interviewing stopped when theoretical and meaning saturation was achieved.
HCP interviews are analysed first. A HCP framework was developed. Interview data from with people with PoTS data was then merged into the framework, whilst also identifying new emergent codes. A conceptual framework was developed.
Findings Four core themes and subthemes (see figure one)

Key Concepts
PoTS is a challenging condition with often multifactorial impacts. People frequently experienced their symptoms being dismissed. Healthcare professionals and people with PoTS often took individual responsibility for PoTS management
“That sense of belonging and feeling accepted and understood is so fundamental …. we need to….dig deep to keep that compassion and to understand some of what might be playing out here and to be able to not take it personally… that can lead to that really rewarding engagement where ….improvement is significant, improvement happens, which is hugely rewarding for both parties” (HCP4)

Conclusion
There was a key need for support and understanding to be able to manage PoTS. A workshop will prioritise components for a supportive self-management programme for future feasibility testing.
Limitations: The sample of people with PoTS had no person from an African-Caribbean or Southeast Asian background.
The value of plasma NGAL and Cystatin C in the diagnosis of type 1 cardiorenal syndrome
Authors: Phan H A O 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
The presence of acute kidney injury in the setting of acute heart failure (AHF) is common occurrence and was termed type 1 cardiorenal syndrome (CRS1). Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is one of the earliest biomarkers of acute kidney injury due to ischemia or renal toxicity. Cystatin C has a role in the diagnosis renal dysfunction. Does the combination of NGAL and Cystatin C increase diagnostic value of CRS1? This study was aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of plasma NGAL and Cystatin C in diagnosis of CRS1.

Methods
there were 139 patients with AHF in the department of Cardiovascular resuscitation and Interventional cardiology Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam 115 People Hospital from September 2018 to March 2019. This was a prospective cohort study.

Results
the optimal cut-off plasma NGAL to diagnosing CRS1 was 353.23 ng/ml, Area Under Curve (AUC) 0.732 (95% CI 0.65-0.80, p &lt; 0.001), sensitivity 74.47%, specificity 68.48%, positive predictive value 54.7%, negative predictive value 84%. The optimal cut-off Cystatin C to diagnosing CRS1 was 1.81 mg/l, AUC 0.787 (95% CI 0.71-0.852, p &lt; 0.001), sensitivity 75%, specificity 83.5%, positive predictive value 70.6%, negative predictive value 86.4%. Combination of plasma NGAL and Cystatin C in diagnosing CRS1 with AUC 0.787 (95% CI 0.71-0.852, p &lt; 0.001), sensitivity 72.9%, specificity 86.8%, positive predictive value 74.5%, negative predictive value 85.9%.

Conclusions
Combination of plasma NGAL and Cystatin C in the diagnosis of type 1 cardiorenal syndrome with higher specificity than each biomarker.
The effects of music in cardiac surgery patients: early results
Authors: Carroll D L , Donahue V , Velez C L 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Private hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Sundry fund to Massachusetts General Hospital.

Background/Significance
Research into the health benefits of music has expanded, driven by a desire to see how it can be better applied in healthcare. There has been an interest in the chemical and biological biomarkers of music. Most studies have focused on physical, and psychological findings. There have been few systematic studies that consider the parallel psychological, physical, and biological effects of music in cardiac surgical patients.

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to measure psychological, physiological, and biological responses to a music intervention compared to standard of care in cardiac surgical patients. The primary outcome is serum cortisol levels pre and post a 30-minute music intervention compared to the standard of care group. The secondary outcomes are state anxiety, pain, blood pressure, heart rate, respirations, and serum Immunoglobulin A (IgA).

Methods
This is a randomized, placebo-controlled, pre/post clinical trial to compared responses to the study intervention of music versus standard of care. Psychological responses were measured for anxiety by the Spielberger State Anxiety Scale, and pain by a visual analogy scale, physical responses were measured by blood pressure, heart rate, and respirations, and the biologic markers were measured by serum cortisol and IgA.

Results
Sixty-three patients were approached, 14 were excluded and 25 declined participation. Most patients who declined stated that they did not feel well enough to participate or did not want more blood samples taken.
There were 20 subjects, 15 males and 5 females, mean age of 58.8 years, who did participate. The groups were similar on demographics and pre intervention outcome measures. There was no difference between standard of care and treatment group in the primary outcome, serum cortisol levels (17.8+7.4 vs 15.6+7.6) and no differences in the secondary outcomes post the intervention period.

Conclusions
This is the early results of a study on use of music as a nursing intervention in cardiac surgery patients. Subject enrollment will continue to provide evidence of the benefits for patients after cardiac surgery.

Implications for Nursing Practice
Nurses are poised to provide the evidence for non-pharmacological interventions to enhance the patient experience after cardiac surgery.
Understanding cardiac rehabilitation delivery during Covid-19; lessons for future delivery; a mixed methods study
Authors: Hanson C , Mchale S , Dawkes S , Rowat A , Neubeck L 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Scottish Funding Council (additional research funding for universities 2020-21)

Background/introduction
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) services were disrupted during early COVID-19 due to limited interpersonal contacts, exercise facility closures, and clinical service reorganisation to meet COVID-19 patients’ needs. This necessitated urgent service reorganisation.

Purpose
We aimed to understand CR delivery changes in Scotland, the impact on staff and participant experiences, and implications for future delivery.

Methods
A concurrent mixed methods study with data collected between April-December 2021. A quantitative online survey compared CR service provision pre-COVID-19 (21 March 2019 – 20 November 2019) with provision during early COVID-19 (21 March 2020 – 20 November 2020). Quantitative data were analysed descriptively using SPSSv26. Qualitative semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with CR professionals and CR participants. These were thematically analysed using the framework approach. Data were integrated during study design by aligning survey and interview questions, and at the discussion stage.

Results
Eleven CR services completed the online survey, and 11 individual CR staff and 17 CR participants from six services completed qualitative interviews. Services reported staffing reductions, delayed initial patient contact, replacing face-to-face CR with web-based and telephone support, and a reduction in goal setting, functional capacity testing and exit assessments. Three main qualitative themes represented the challenges and opportunities of changing CR delivery during COVID-19: 1) Access to health professional support; 2) Disruption in continuity of care and 3) CR technology use (Figure 1).

Conclusions
Initially, Covid-19 adversely affected CR delivery. Telephone support, the provision of web-based information and exercise options, wearables and mHealth apps can enhance future CR delivery. Technological resources must be accessible, and staff require training to ensure competency.
Epicardial adiposity in people with atrial fibrillation modified by physical exercise: an umbrella review
Authors: Menzies R , Breen C J , Kernohan W G 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Introduction
Atrial Fibrillation (AF) affects 30% of the world’s population and accounts for 3 million deaths annually, and current management pathways often result in poor outcomes in recurrence of AF with up to 50% reoccurring post pulmonary vein isolation cardiac ablation (PVICA). Epicardial Adipose Tissue (EAT) is a metabolically active substrate implicated in the pathogenesis of AF. Increased levels of EAT thickness have been associated with the risk of developing AF and has also been associated with poorer outcomes and increased likelihood of AF recurrence after PVICA.
The aim of this work was to explore current knowledge on levels of EAT in people with AF, post cardiac ablation, taking account of physical activity (PA).
Objectives:  Three research questions were set:
· Does volume of EAT contribute to the pathogenesis and severity of AF?
· Does any kind of PA modify EAT volumes?
· Does PA improve outcomes in patients with AF who have undergone PVICA?

Methods
An umbrella review format was adopted with eligible studies from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of controlled trials (CENTRAL), Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Scopus and registered on Prospero.  All results were reported adhering to Preferred Reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA).  Quality assessment evaluation involved the AMSTAR 2 tool and risk of bias evaluated using the ROBIS tool.  No ethical considerations were identified for this review.

Results
Ten reviews were eligible for inclusion in the analysis. Five examined the relationship between EAT and AF occurrence, three examined EAT modifications with PA and two examined the effect of PA on AF outcomes.  The quality of the studies was high, with a low risk of bias. Increased EAT volumes were associated with a large effect size for the development of AF Hedges’ g=0.86[0.79,0.92] for Total EAT volume and g=1.31[1.16,1.47] for Left Atrial (LA) EAT volume, and AF severity also had a large effect size for both Total and LA EAT volumes with g=0.87[0.71,1.02] and 0.99[0.69,1.3] respectively. EAT also showed a large effect on recurrence of AF post PVICA in both the Total and LA EAT groups 1.15[0.88,1.43] and 0.92[0.65,1.2].  The overall impact of PA showed a small to medium effect in reducing EAT volumes g=0.23[0,0.46]. Despite this PA was shown to significantly improve outcomes in reducing AF frequency, duration and severity and risk of mortality and serious adverse events in the intervention groups

Conclusion
Higher levels of EAT are associated with AF after PVICA but the influence of PA is unclear. This review highlights the need for further research evaluating the impact that physical activity has on EAT volume reduction and recurrence of AF post PVICA.