bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case report and literature review of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated pneumonia caused by penpulimab
Authors: Gao Rongmao , Yang Fuxun , Yang Chen , Zhang Zhao , Liu Mingzong , Xiang Chunlin , Hu Huan , Luo Xiaoxiu , Li Jiajia , Liu Rongan 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveFrom the perspective of intensive care physicians, this paper reviews the diagnosis and treatment of CIP patients, analyzes and refines relevant literature on CIP. To summarize the characteristics of diagnosis and treatment of severe CIP provides the basis and reference for early identification, diagnosis and treatment.MethodsA case of severe CIP caused by piamprilizumab and ICI was reviewed and the literature was reviewed.ResultsThis was a patient with lung squamous cell carcinoma with lymphoma who had been treated with multiple chemoradiotherapy and immunotherapy with piamprizumab. The patient was admitted to the ICU with respiratory failure. The intensive care physician performs anti-infective, fluid management, hormonal anti-inflammatory, respiratory and nutritional support treatment, and relies on mNGS to exclude severe infection and CIP treatment, thus successfully saving the patient's life and improving discharge.ConclusionsThe incidence of CIP is very low, and its diagnosis should be combined with clinical manifestations and previous drug use. mNGS can provide certain value in the exclusion of severe infections, so as to provide basis and reference for the early identification, diagnosis and treatment of severe CIP.
Threshold effects of the relationship between physical exercise and cognitive function in the short-sleep elder population
Authors: You Yanwei , Chen Yuquan , Chen Xiangyu , Wei Mengxian , Yin Jiahui , Zhang Qi , Cao Qiang 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundIt has been demonstrated that elderly people’s cognitive capacities can be improved with exercise, and short sleep is linked to cognitive decline. However, the impact of physical exercise on cognitive performance in seniors who do not get enough sleep is largely unknown. This makes it an intriguing subject to explore further.MethodsThis study consisted of elders (over 60 years old) who participated throughout the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey’s 2011–2014 cycle (NHANES). Weighted linear regression model and restricted cubic splines analysis were performed to evaluate the association between physical exercise and cognitive function. In the end, 1,615 samples were scrutinized and the total number of weighted respondents was 28,607,569.ResultsResults showed that in the Animal Fluency test and the Digit Symbol Substitution test, a positive association was found between physical exercise volume and scores in the fully adjusted model. A two-piecewise linear regression model was then applied to explore the threshold effect of exercise on cognitive performance. Before 960 and 800 MET-minutes/week, there were consistent positive relationship between exercise and scores of the Animal Fluency test [ß (95% CI): 0.233 (0.154, 0.312), p &lt; 0.001] and Digit Symbol Substitution test [β (95% CI): 0.555 (0.332, 0.778), p &lt; 0.001], respectively. However, there was a saturation effect where physical exercise volume reached the two inflection points.ConclusionAccording to our research, the benefit of exercise did not always expand with the exercise volume increment under the short-sleep condition, which challenged existing knowledge. The short-sleep elder group could maintain cognitive performance with no more than 800 MET-minutes/week of physical exercise. Verification of these findings requires further biological investigations.
New onset or relapsing neuromyelitis optica temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review
Authors: Harel Tamar , Gorman Emily F. , Wallin Mitchell T. 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare chronic neuroinflammatory autoimmune condition. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been reports of NMOSD clinical manifestations following both SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 vaccinations.ObjectiveThis study aims to systematically review the published literature of NMOSD clinical manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 vaccinations.MethodsA Boolean search of the medical literature was conducted between December 1, 2019 to September 1, 2022, utilizing Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, Trip Database, Clinicaltrials.gov, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Articles were collated and managed on Covidence® software. The authors independently appraised the articles for meeting study criteria and followed PRISMA guidelines. The literature search included all case reports and case series that met study criteria and involved NMOSD following either the SARS-CoV-2 infection or the COVID-19 vaccination.ResultsA total of 702 articles were imported for screening. After removing 352 duplicates and 313 articles based on exclusion criteria, 34 articles were analyzed. A total of 41 cases were selected, including 15 patients that developed new onset NMOSD following a SARS-CoV-2 infection, 21 patients that developed de novo NMOSD following COVID-19 vaccination, 3 patients with known NMOSD that experienced a relapse following vaccination, and 2 patients with presumed Multiple Sclerosis (MS) that was unmasked as NMOSD post-vaccination. There was a female preponderance of 76% among all NMOSD cases. The median time interval between the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection symptoms and NMOSD symptom onset was 14  days (range 3–120  days) and the median interval between COVID-19 vaccination and onset of NMO symptoms was 10  days (range 1 to 97  days). Transverse myelitis was the most common neurological manifestation in all patient groups (27/41). Management encompassed acute treatments such as high dose intravenous methylprednisolone, plasmapheresis, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and maintenance immunotherapies. The majority of patients experienced a favorable outcome with complete or partial recovery, but 3 patients died.ConclusionThis systematic review suggests that there is an association between NMOSD and SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 vaccinations. This association requires further study using quantitative epidemiological assessments in a large population to better quantify the risk.
Design and realization of a 3-K cryostat for a 10-cm ultrastable silicon cavity
Authors: Wang Wen-Wei , Chen Zhi-Ang , Zhang Han , Du Shize , Wu Rui , Qiao Chang , Kuang Shiyin , Zhang Xibo 
Published: June 2023

Crystalline optical cavities operating at cryogenic temperatures provide a promising route for realizing the next generation of ultrastable lasers with extremely low thermal noise floor. However, it remains challenging to realize a closed-cycle cryostat for cooling a relatively long cavity to very low temperatures. Here we report on the design and experimental realization of a cryostat operating continuously at 3.1 K for an ultrastable 10-cm silicon cavity. Based on a combination of active temperature control and passive thermal damping, we realize at 3.1 K a two-second temperature instability of 6 × 10−8 K for the cavity. By implementing separate supporting structures for the cryocooler and the sample chamber, we realize vibration control on the 1 × 10−7g level at one second in each spatial direction, where g is the gravitational acceleration. With all these features, our cryostat can support an ultrastable silicon cavity with instability near its fundamental thermal noise floor at averaging time of 1–50 s. With proper upgrading, our platform holds promise for realizing ultrastable lasers with 3 × 10−17 or better frequency stability, which will in turn enable numerous studies on precision metrology and quantum many-body physics.
Knowledge and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in Enugu metropolis, Enugu state, Nigeria
Authors: Imediegwu Kelechi U. , Abor Jude C. , Onyebuchukwu Chiamaka Q. , Ugwu Hilary I. , Ugwu Ogechi I. , Anyaehie Udo Ego , Onyia Oluchi A. 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundCOVID-19 disease spread at an alarming rate, and was declared a pandemic within 5 months from the first reported case. As vaccines have become available, there was a global effort to attain about 75% herd immunity through vaccination. There is a need to address the issue of vaccine hesitancy to COVID-19 vaccines especially in places such as Sub-Saharan African countries which have a high rate of background vaccine hesitancy.ObjectiveTo determine the knowledge and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Enugu metropolis.MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive study of 103 HCWs in Enugu metropolis was done. Data was collected using structured online Google forms. Descriptive and inferential statistics was done using SPSS, and results were summarized into percentages and associations.ResultsAn acceptance rate of 56.2% was obtained among HCWs in Enugu metropolis. Positive predicators of acceptance include older age (p = 0.004, X2 = 13.161), marriage (p = 0.001, X2 = 13.996), and higher average level of income (p = 0.013, X2 = 10.766) as significant correlations were found. No significant association was found between educational level, religion, denomination nor occupation, and acceptance of vaccine. The major factor responsible for refusal was fear of side-effects.DiscussionThe acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccines among HCWs is still less than optimal. This population represents the most enlightened population on health related matters, hence if acceptance rate remains merely average that in the general population is expected to be worse. There is a need to address the fear of vaccine side-effects by inculcating more open and interactive methods of information dissemination, while also addressing the misconceptions or myths surrounding COVID-19 vaccines.
The consumption pattern and perception of using artificial sweeteners among the public in Tabuk region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alharthi Sawsan A. S. , Alaisayi Khulud Hassan A. , Alalawi Lina Yousef S. , Alamri Raniya Omar S. , Abu-Elfotuh Karema , Alenazi Tahani S. , Amirthalingam Palanisamy , Albariqi Hassan A. H. , Mohammed Asmaa A. , Alsubayti Norah , Hamdan Ahmed M. E. , Kozman Magy R. 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundObesity and weight gain have become major problems worldwide. Thus, several forms of alternative intense sweeteners are extensively used, offering a non-caloric sweet taste. To the best of our knowledge, no research has studied either the consumption pattern or the perception of using artificial sweeteners in Saudi Arabia.ObjectivesOur research aimed to study the usage pattern of such artificial sweeteners in the Tabuk region and estimate the knowledge of and attitudes toward their usage among the population.MethodsA cross-sectional study promoted on multiple social media platforms and face-to-face interviews in different malls and hospitals in the Tabuk region. We grouped the participants into two major groups: the users and the non-users of artificial sweeteners. Each group has been subdivided into a healthy subgroup and those with a medical record subgroup. Participants’ characteristics and their choice of sweeteners were analyzed using bivariate analysis. The age, gender, and education level of the participants were adjusted using binary logistic regression in order to adjust for potential confounders.ResultsA total of 2,760 participants were included in our study. We found that more than 59% of the participants that were over 45 years old were non-hospitalized non-hospitalized diseased irrespective of their usage of artificial sweeteners. Furthermore, females, graduates, diabetics were significantly high irrespective of their subgroup. Moreover, Steviana® is the most commonly used artificial sweetener. In addition, healthy participants showed a greater perception of the usage and adverse effects of artificial sweeteners. Furthermore, bivariate analysis using logistic regression revealed significant associations (p &lt; 0.05) with confounders such as gender, age, and education level.ConclusionEducational programs and nutritional advice for the safe consumption and the daily permissible doses of artificial sweeteners are essential and should be directed specifically at females.
eHealth literacy was associated with anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Akingbade Oluwadamilare , Adeleye Khadijat , Fadodun Oluwadamilola Agnes , Fawole Israel Opeyemi , Li Jiaying , Choi Edmond Pui Hang , Ho Mandy , Lok Kris Yuet Wan , Wong Janet Yuen Ha , Fong Daniel Yee Tak , Ogungbe Oluwabunmi 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundElectronic health (eHealth) literacy may play an important role in individuals’ engagement with online mental health-related information.AimTo examine associations between eHealth literacy and psychological outcomes among Nigerians during the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study among Nigerians conducted using the ‘COVID-19’s impAct on feaR and hEalth (CARE) questionnaire. The exposure: eHealth literacy, was assessed using the eHealth literacy scale, and psychological outcomes were assessed using the PHQ-4 scale, which measured anxiety and depression; and the fear scale to measure fear of COVID-19. We fitted logistic regression models to assess the association of eHealth literacy with anxiety, depression, and fear, adjusting for covariates. We included interaction terms to assess for age, gender, and regional differences. We also assessed participants’ endorsement of strategies for future pandemic preparedness.ResultsThis study involved 590 participants, of which 56% were female, and 38% were 30 years or older. About 83% reported high eHealth literacy, and 55% reported anxiety or depression. High eHealth literacy was associated with a 66% lower likelihood of anxiety (adjusted odds ratio aOR, 0·34; 95% confidence interval, 0·20–0·54) and depression (aOR: 0·34; 95% CI, 0·21–0·56). There were age, gender, and regional differences in the associations between eHealth literacy and psychological outcomes. eHealth-related strategies such as medicine delivery, receiving health information through text messaging, and online courses were highlighted as important for future pandemic preparedness.ConclusionConsidering that mental health and psychological care services are severely lacking in Nigeria, digital health information sources present an opportunity to improve access and delivery of mental health services. The different associations of e-health literacy with psychological well-being between age, gender, and geographic region highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions for vulnerable populations. Policymakers must prioritize digitally backed interventions, such as medicine delivery and health information dissemination through text messaging, to address these disparities and promote equitable mental well-being.
Synthesis and Cap-Dependent Endonuclease Inhibition of Baloxavir Derivatives
Authors: Wang Yiyun , Wang Jiaru , Wu Hui , Cui Longyao , Meng Zihui , Xu Zhibin , Zheng Zhonghui , Li Jiarong 
Published: June 2023

Baloxavir marboxil is a creative antiviral drug for influenza A and B viruses with a novel mechanism of action. In this study, three series comprising a total of 21 previously unreported target compounds were designed and synthesized. The drug-likeness of these compounds was evaluated by molecular docking, PAINS-Remover and SwissADME. The inhibitory effect and affinity of the compounds on the cap-dependent endonuclease activity of the influenza virus were evaluated. Compounds I-4, II-1~II-9 and compound III-8 showed similar inhibitory activity to baloxavir (7.45 μM) on the cap-dependent endonuclease. In particular, compounds I-4 (3.29 μM) and II-2 (1.46 μM) showed strong cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitory activity. The structure–activity relationship studies showed that the inhibitive effect of the compounds on endonuclease was enhanced when the dibenzothiepin rings were substituted by diphenylmethyl containing chiral-center electron-withdrawing groups, dibenzocycloheptane, dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepin, and five-member heterocycles containing aryl substitution.
Characteristics and Long-Term Outcome of 535 Patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis—The 20-Year Experience of a High-Volume Tertiary Center
Authors: Buechter Matthias , Dorn Dominik , Möhlendick Birte , Siffert Winfried , Baba Hideo A. , Gerken Guido , Kahraman Alisan 
Published: June 2023

Background and aims: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a complex and progressive inflammatory liver disease characterized by immune-mediated destruction of the liver parenchyma, hypergammaglobulinemia, the presence of circulating autoantibodies, and good response to immunosuppressive therapy. Since the prevalence of AIH is relatively rare, data on the clinical course and the long-term outcome are scarce. Patients and methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 535 well-documented AIH patients treated at the University Hospital Essen between 2000 and 2020. Results: The majority of patients were middle-aged females (75% women, mean age 45 years) with AIH type 1 (97%). Approximately 32% of patients were diagnosed with cirrhosis due to AIH, 29% had concomitant autoimmune (predominantly autoimmune thyroiditis), and 10% had psychiatric diseases, respectively. Skin tumors were the most common malignant diseases (47% of all tumors), while hepatocellular carcinoma rarely occurred (only six cases). Overall long-term mortality and liver-associated mortality were 9.16% and 4.67%, respectively. However, long-term survival was strongly associated with disease remission. Conclusions: Although AIH is a silent disease and cirrhosis is present in many cases, a favorable long-term prognosis can be achieved by consequent immunosuppressive therapy. The incidence of (liver-associated) complications seems to be lower in comparison to other etiologies, such as viral hepatitis or NASH, and mainly depends on the long-term side effects of immunosuppressive therapy.
Faktor – Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pemberian Imunisasi Pcv (Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccin) Pada Bayi
Authors: Bina Aquari  , Heru Listiono  
Published: June 2023

Program imunisasi PCV atau pemberian vaksin PCV atau
pneumococcal conjugate vaccine dilakukan secara bertahap
sejak 2017. Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan di Klinik/BP
Anisa Kabupaten Banyuasin Orang tua yang sudah
memberikan vaksin PCV pada anaknya sebanyak 35 anak
selama 6 bulan terakhir. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk
mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan ibu, pendidikan dan
motivasi ibu dalam pemberian Imunisaso PVC. Penelitian ini
merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode
pendekatan secara cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di
Klinik/BP Anisa Kabupaten Banyuasin. Pengambilan data
dilakukan pada bulan desember 2022 s/d April 2023 dengan
teknik purposive sampling sebanyak 30 responden. Variabel
independent dalam penelitian ini adalah variabel pendidikan,
pengetahuan dan variabel motivasi sedangkan variable
dependent yaitu pemberian imunisasi PCV pada bayi. Alat
ukur yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Uji statistik dilakukan
pada 30 responden dengan menggunakan analasis univariat
dan analisi bivariat. Hasil Analisa bivariat dengan
menggunakan rumus chi square didapat ada hubungan yang
bermakna antara Pendidikan ibu, pengetahuan ibu dan
motivasi ibu dengan pemberian imunisasi pcv pada bayi
saling berhubungan di peroleh hasil Uji statistic pendidikan di
peroleh nilai p = 0,048, pengetahuan ibu nilai p = 0,013
motivasi ibu dengan nilai p = 0,001, maka dapat disimpulkan
bahwa secara statistik pada alpa 5% ada hubungan yang
signifikan antara pendidikan, pengetahuan, motivasi ibu
dengan pemberian imunisasi PCV pada bayi. Saran pada
penelitian ini perlunya peningkatan penyuluhan tentang
imunisasi PCV di posyandu – posyandu wilayah kerja
puskesmas setempat, terutama para bidan perlu pelatihan
yang berkaitan dengan imunisasi untuk menambah
pengetahuan tentang imunisasi mengingat banyaknya vaksin
vaksin baru yang ada sekarang
Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Kurang Energi Kronik (KEK) pada Ibu Hamil
Authors: Noviriyanti  , Suprida  , Hazairin Effendi  
Published: June 2023

World Health Organization melaporkan bahwa40% kematian ibu dinegara berkembang berkaitan dengan kekurangan energi kronik (KEK). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan umur, jarak kehamilan, dan paritas terhadap kejadian KEK pada ibu hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Lubuk Besar Kecamatan Lubuk Besar Kabupaten Bangka Tengah pada tahun 2021. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survey analitik dengan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ibu hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Lubuk BesarKecamatan Lubuk Besar Kabupaten Bangka Tengah periode Januari-Mei 2021 berjumlah 115 ibu. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 54 orang yang diambil menggunakan system random sampling. Hasil analisa univariat, dari 54 orang responden di dapati sebagian besar responden yakni 44 orang (18,5%) didiagnosa KEK, 41 orang (75,9%)berada pada umur kategori resiko tinggi, 45 orang (83,3%) respondenmerupakan primipara. Berdasarkan hasil uji Chi-Square didapatkan nilai Asymp Sig (2 side)= ada hubungan yang bermakna umur dengan Kejadian KEK, jarak kehamilan di dapati nilai Asymp Sig (2 side) = 0,003 < 0,05 yang berarti ada hubungan jarak kehamilan dengan kejadian KEK, selanjutnya untuk paritas di dapati nilai Asymp Sig (2 side) = 0,001 < 0,05, dengan demikian ada hubungan yang bermakna antara paritas dengan kejadian KEK. Saran untuk tenaga kesehatan di Puskesmas Lubuk Besar dapat meningkatkan penyuluhan mengenai bahaya KEK dan cara mengatasinya kepada ibu hamil, sehingga kejadian KEK dapat diturunkan.
Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Trimester I Tentang Adaptasi Kehamilan
Authors: Yuhemy Zurizah  , Intan Sari  
Published: June 2023

Angka kematian ibu (AKI) sebagai salah satu indikator kesehatan
ibu, dewasa ini masih tinggi di Indonesia. Berdasarkan perhitungan
BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik) AKI di Indonesia tahun 2021 adalah
248/100.000 kelahiran hidup, dan Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB)
adalah 26,9/1.000 kelahiran hidup. Faktor – faktor yang
mempengaruhi masih tingginya AKI di Indonesia antara lain
pengawasan kehamilan belum menjangkau masyarakat secara
menyeluruh dan bermutu, pertolongan ibu hamil dan persalinan
yang belum memadai dan lemahnya sistem rujukan dan pendidikan
serta pengetahuan masyarakat yang rendah tentang tanda-tanda
bahaya kehamilan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh
pendidikan kesehatan terhadap tingkat pengetahuan ibu hamil
trimester 1 tentang adapatsi kehamilan. Penelitian ini merupakan
penelitian kuantitatif desain quasi eksperimental dengan one
group pre-test dan post-test. Populasi dalam penelitian ini semua
ibu hamil trimester I yang berjumlah 40 ibu hamil trimester I di
Puskesmas Sukajadi. Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai p (0,000)
α=0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh
pendidikan kesehatan terhadap tingkat pengetahuan ibu hamil
timester 1 tentang
adaptasi kehamilan sebelum dilakukan
pendidikan kesehatan dan setelah dilakukan pendidikan kesehatan.
Melalui pendidikan kesehatan tujuan kebidanan dapat dicapai
dengan indikator ibu yang menyatakan lebih siap menghadapi
kehamilan karena telah memahami perubahan apa yang sebenarnya
terjadi ketika seorang