bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voluntary licensing of long‐acting HIV prevention and treatment regimens: using a proven collaboration‐ and competition‐based mechanism to rapidly expand at‐scale, sustainable, quality‐assured and affordable supplies in LMICs
Authors: Gaayeb Lobna , Das Aditi , James Ike , Murthy Rajesh , Nobre Sandra , Burrone Esteban , Morin Sébastien 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionEmerging long‐acting (LA) prevention and treatment medicines, technologies and regimens could be game‐changing for the HIV response, helping reach the ambitious goal of halting the epidemic by 2030. To attain this goal, the rapid expansion of at‐scale, sustainable, quality‐assured, and affordable supplies of LA HIV prevention and treatment products through accelerated and stronger competition, involving both originator and generic companies, will be essential. To do this, global health stakeholders should take advantage of voluntary licensing of intellectual property (IP) rights, such as through the United Nations‐backed, not‐for‐profit Medicines Patent Pool, as a proven mechanism to support broad access to existing HIV medicines across low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).DiscussionWhile voluntary licensing may unlock the possibility for generic competition to take place ahead of patent expiry, there are additional elements—of amplified importance for more complex LA HIV medicines—that need to be taken into consideration. This paper discusses 10 enablers of voluntary licensing of IP rights as a model to rapidly expand at‐scale, sustainable, quality‐assured, and affordable supplies of LA HIV prevention and treatment regimens in LMICs:
Identifying promising LA technology platforms and drug formulations at an early developmental stage and engaging with patent holders
Consolidating a multidisciplinary network and strengthening early‐stage coordination and collaboration to foster innovation
Embedding public health considerations in product design and delivery
Building innovative partnerships for product development and commercialization
Raising awareness of and creating demand for emerging LA products
Estimating the market size, ensuring sufficient competition and protecting sustainability
Using technology transfer and hands‐on technical support to reduce product development timelines and costs
Exploring de‐risking mechanisms and financial incentives to support generic manufacturers
Optimizing strategies for generic product development and regulatory filings
Aligning and coordinating efforts of stakeholders across the value chain.
ConclusionsRapid access to emerging LA prevention and treatment regimens and technologies can be facilitated by voluntary licensing—catalyzed and supplemented by enabling collaborative and non‐duplicative efforts of various other stakeholders. This can effectively lead to improved—accelerated and cheaper—access to quality‐assured medicines for populations in LMICs.
An Optimization Study for the Electrospun Borate Ester Nanofibers as Light‐Weight, Flexible, and Affordable Neutron Shields for Personal Protection
Authors: Özcan Mücahid , Kaya Cengiz , Kaya Figen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this manuscript, a borate ester solution, as a precursor, is prepared by combining polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and boric acid (BA). The precursor is then electrospun to form nanofibers. However, the addition of BA has a negative effect on the spinning behavior by changing the conductivity. The solution's quality is enhanced through use of additives such as glycerol, sodium chloride, and acetic acid. The effect of additives on the viscosity and conductivity of solutions, and their spinning behavior, is investigated. By adjusting electrospinning process variables and solution properties, nanofibers are produced. Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) analysis is performed to identify the formation of borate ester as a result of the reaction between PVA and BA. Thermal analysis is used to characterize the thermal stability of the fibers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to examine the fiber morphology and diameter distribution. The findings are used to determine the best viscosity–conductivity windows for the production of electrospun borate ester nanofibers. Finally, the ability of optimized nanofibers to capture neutrons is evaluated using an Am‐Be neutron source and a BF3 detector set up. The results of the measurements indicate that the incorporation of BA into PVA nanofibers can enhance their neutron shielding capabilities up to 7.3%.
Recent advances in mass spectrometry techniques for atmospheric chemistry research on molecular‐level
Authors: Zhang Wen , Xu Lu , Zhang Haofei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Earth's atmosphere is composed of an enormous variety of chemical species associated with trace gases and aerosol particles whose composition and chemistry have critical impacts on the Earth's climate, air quality, and human health. Mass spectrometry analysis as a powerful and popular analytical technique has been widely developed and applied in atmospheric chemistry for decades. Mass spectrometry allows for effective detection, identification, and quantification of a broad range of organic and inorganic chemical species with high sensitivity and resolution. In this review, we summarize recently developed mass spectrometry techniques, methods, and applications in atmospheric chemistry research in the past several years on molecular‐level. Specifically, new developments of ion‐molecule reactors, various soft ionization methods, and unique coupling with separation techniques are highlighted. The new mass spectrometry applications in laboratory studies and field measurements focused on improving the detection limits for traditional and emerging volatile organic compounds, characterizing multiphase highly oxygenated molecules, and monitoring particle bulk and surface compositions.
PubPredict: Prediction of progression and survival in oncology leveraging publications and early efficacy data
Authors: Zhang Jianqi , Guo Yufei , Zhou Junyi , Rasmussen Hans Erik 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn oncology/hematology early phase clinical trials, efficacies were often observed in terms of response rate, depth, timing, and duration. However, the true clinical benefits that eventually support registrational purpose are progression‐free survival (PFS) and/or overall survival (OS), the follow‐up of which are typically not long enough in early phase trials. This gap imposes challenges in strategies for late phase drug development. In this article, we tackle the question by leveraging published study to establish a quantitative link between early efficacy outcomes and late phase efficacy endpoints. We used solid tumor cancer as disease model. We modeled the disease course of a RECISTv1.1 assessed solid tumor with a continuous Markov chain (CMC) model. We parameterize the transition intensity matrix of a CMC model based on published aggregate‐level summary statistics, and then simulate subject‐level time‐to‐event data. The simulated data is shown to have good approximation to published studies. PFS and/or OS could be predicted with the transition intensity matrix modified given clinical knowledge to reflect various assumptions on response rate, depth, timing, and duration. The authors have built a R shiny application named PubPredict, the tool implements the algorithm described above and allows customized features including multiple response levels, treatment crossover and varying follow‐up duration. This toolset has been applied to advise phase 3 trial design when only early efficacy data are available from phase 1 or 2 studies.
The theory‐based view: Entrepreneurial microfoundations, resources, and choices
Authors: Wuebker Robert , Zenger Todd , Felin Teppo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryWe build on the theory‐based view and highlight how an entrepreneur's theory can enable the creation of value. We point to three types of theories: theories of resource arbitrage, resource recombination, or resource investment that specialize resources to particular uses. However, possessing a unique theory is not enough. The realization of an entrepreneur's theory is contingent on matching it with the right organizational and governance‐related choices. Entrepreneurs must make consequential decisions about protecting intellectual property, running experiments, acquiring resources, composing teams, and securing financing. We develop a contingent approach that enables entrepreneurs to match their theory of value with the appropriate forms of action, thereby providing entrepreneurs with a level of guidance to downstream choices that the current literature fails to provide.Managerial SummaryTo create economic value, entrepreneurs need to develop their own, unique theory of value. In this article, we highlight three distinct types of entrepreneurial theory and link these to value creation. We further point out how the realization of each theory of value depends on making the right downstream choices related to the protection of intellectual property, experimentation, resource acquisition, the composition of a team, and financing. Existing advice to entrepreneurs tends to offer one‐size‐fits‐all solutions (e.g., related to experimentation), while we argue that choices about how to pursue value creation should depend on the type of theory of value that an entrepreneur pursues.
Vor- & Mit-Schriften zweiter Ordnung. Das administrative Protokoll und sein Apparat
Authors: Plener Peter 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungEin Protokoll ist im amtlichen Gebrauch zuvorderst, seit jeher, ein zweifaches Instrument des Scheidens: der Selektion dessen, was geschah und des Trennens von dem, was nicht gewesen sein wird zum einen (›Mit-Schriften‹); der Entscheidung über die Gültigkeit dieser Schnitte und die daraus ableitbare Operationalisierung andererseits (›Vor-Schriften‹). Im Amt und seiner Verwaltung markieren Protokolle, als Ausweis und zugleich Medien einer Entscheidung (mithin: als Montagen), dass etwas wie dargestellt auch passiert sei bzw. zu passieren habe; derart sind administrative Protokolle an der Schwelle zu Rechtssicherheit, Funktionalität, Erwartbarkeit und Gesetzmäßigkeit aus ihrem Apparat heraus zu verstehen. Protokolle müssen ihrerseits vom Apparat protokolliert und zugewiesen werden, beide Begrifflichkeiten sind zwischen Handlungen und verhandelnden Akten (beides acta) platziert. Die Verwaltungs- bzw. Medientechnik des Protokollierens und die daran anschließende Entscheidung der Zulässigkeit des Dargestellten (das meint auch die internen Schnittstellen) verschaffen Verwaltung und Rechtsprechung eine Grundlage ihres Handelns.
Das diplomatische Protokoll
Authors: Nanz Tobias 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDas diplomatische Protokoll befasst sich mit den Regeln und Normen, die die Interaktion von Staatsoberhäuptern und Diplomat*innen regulieren. Dabei ist es kein starres und unschuldiges Medium, sondern es ist wandelbar und zugleich ein politischer Akteur: Als zwischenstaatliches Medium speichert es die hierarchischen Setzungen vergangener Treffen, visualisiert die Macht der beteiligten Akteure und prozessiert deren Verhaltensweisen und Handlungen. Anhand von zwei Fallbeispielen – das eine befasst sich mit Hotline-Nachrichten aus dem Sechstagekrieg, das andere mit Chats aus Tom Clancys The Sum of all Fears – wird die Medienfunktion des diplomatischen Protokolls herausgearbeitet und der Zwischenraum erkundet, den das Protokoll strukturiert und als einen politischen Raum markiert.
Protocol Analysis. Materialien zu einer Kritik; oder Wo bleibt das richtige Protokoll?
Authors: Eder Thomas 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungProtocol Analysis (Ericsson und Simon 1993) ist eine Methode zum Gewinnen und Aufzeichnen von verbalen Protokollen. Versuchsleiter fertigen diese Protokolle aus den Verbalisierungen an, die die Versuchspersonen als so genanntes »Think aloud« zeitgleich zu Denkleistungen im Rahmen bestimmter Aufgaben äußern. Der Vorteil dieser Methode sei es, dass sie sich von introspektiven Berichten von Versuchspersonen unterscheide, die mit den bekannten Schwierigkeiten zu kämpfen haben: introspektive Berichte seien nicht realitätsgetreu (Konfabulationen) und durch die Selbstbeobachtung würden die zugrundeliegenden Denkprozesse verfälscht. Der vorliegende Beitrag befragt kritisch die theoretischen und methodischen Voraussetzungen von introspektiven Berichten und von Protokollen, die im Rahmen von »Protocol Analysis« erstellt werden. Der Beitrag endet mit einem Ausblick auf die Anwendbarkeit von Methoden der »Protocol Analysis« zur Beforschung von Rezeptionsprozessen beim Lesen und Verstehen von literarischen Texten.
Utility of genetic risk scores in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Luckett Amber M. , Weedon Michael N. , Hawkes Gareth , Leslie R. David , Oram Richard A. , Grant Struan F. A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIterative advances in understanding of the genetics of type 1 diabetes have identified >70 genetic regions associated with risk of the disease, including strong associations across the HLA class II region that account for >50% of heritability. The increased availability of genetic data combined with the decreased costs of generating these data, have facilitated the development of polygenic scores that aggregate risk variants from associated loci into a single number: either a genetic risk score (GRS) or a polygenic risk score (PRS). PRSs incorporate the risk of many possibly correlated variants from across the genome, even if they do not reach genome-wide significance, whereas GRSs estimate the cumulative contribution of a smaller subset of genetic variants that reach genome-wide significance. Type 1 diabetes GRSs have utility in diabetes classification, aiding discrimination between type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and MODY. Type 1 diabetes GRSs are also being used in newborn screening studies to identify infants at risk of future presentation of the disease. Most early studies of type 1 diabetes genetics have been conducted in European ancestry populations, but, to develop accurate GRSs across diverse ancestries, large case–control cohorts from non-European populations are still needed. The current barriers to GRS implementation within healthcare are mainly related to a lack of guidance and knowledge on integration with other biomarkers and clinical variables. Once these limitations are addressed, there is huge potential for ‘test and treat’ approaches to be used to tailor care for individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Graphical Abstract
Consensus report from the 10th global forum for liver magnetic resonance imaging: multidisciplinary team discussion
Authors: Taouli Bachir , Ba-Ssalamah Ahmed , Chapiro Julius , Chhatwal Jagpreet , Fowler Kathryn , Kang Tae Wook , Knobloch Gesine , Koh Dow-Mu , Kudo Masatoshi , Lee Jeong Min , Murakami Takamichi , Pinato David J. , Ringe Kristina I. , Song Bin , Tabrizian Parissa , Wang Jin , Yoon Jeong Hee , Zeng Mengsu , Zhou Jian , Vilgrain Valérie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The 10th Global Forum for Liver Magnetic Resonance Imaging was held in October 2021. The themes of the presentations and discussions at this Forum are described in detail in the review by Taouli et al (2023). The focus of this second manuscript developed from the Forum is on multidisciplinary tumor board perspectives in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) management: how to approach early-, mid-, and late-stage management from the perspectives of a liver surgeon, an interventional radiologist, and an oncologist. The manuscript also includes a panel discussion by multidisciplinary experts on three selected cases that explore challenging aspects of HCC management.

Clinical relevance statement
This review highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary team approach in liver cancer patients and includes the perspectives of a liver surgeon, an interventional radiologist, and an oncologist, including illustrative case studies.

Key Points
• A liver surgeon, interventional radiologist, and oncologist presented their perspectives on the treatment of early-, mid-, and late-stage HCC.
• Different perspectives on HCC management between specialties emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary tumor boards.
• A multidisciplinary faculty discussed challenging aspects of HCC management, as highlighted by three case studies.
Salivary gland pathologies: evolution in classification and association with unique genetic alterations
Authors: Żurek Michał , Fus Łukasz , Niemczyk Kazimierz , Rzepakowska Anna 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The correct classification of salivary gland pathologies is crucial for choosing a treatment method and determining the prognosis. Better outcomes are now achievable thanks to the introduction of new therapy approaches, such as targeted therapies for malignant salivary gland tumors. To apply these in clinical routine, a clear classification of the lesions is required.

Methods
The following review examines all changes from the first World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of salivary gland pathologies from 1972 to fifth edition from 2022. Possible developments in the diagnosis and classification of salivary gland pathology are also presented.

Results
The current WHO classification is the fifth edition. With the development of new diagnostic methods, based on genetic alterations, it provides insight into the molecular basis of lesions. This has resulted in the evolution of classification, introduction of new entities and reclassification of existing ones.

Conclusions
Genetic alterations will become increasingly more significant in the identification of salivary gland pathologies in the future. These alterations will be helpful as prognostic and predictive biomarkers, and may also serve as targets for anti-cancer therapies.
The influence of prolonged instrument manipulation on gas leakage through trocars
Authors: Robertson Daniel , van Duijn Matthijs , Arezzo Alberto , Mintz Yoav ,   Technology Committee of the EAES, Boni Luigi , Baldari Ludovica , Carus Thomas , Chand Manish , Fuchs Hans , Ficuciello Fanny , Marconi Stefania , Mylonas George , Kim Young Woo , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Schijven Marlies , Valdastri Pietro , Sagiv Chen , Mascagni Pietro , Myśliwiec Piotr , Petz Wanda , Sánchez-Margallo Francisco , Horeman-Franse Tim 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
During laparoscopic surgery, CO2 insufflation gas could leak from the intra-abdominal cavity into the operating theater. Medical staff could therefore be exposed to hazardous substances present in leaked gas. Although previous studies have shown that leakage through trocars is a contributing factor, trocar performance over longer periods remains unclear. This study investigates the influence of prolonged instrument manipulation on gas leakage through trocars.

Methods
Twenty-five trocars with diameters ranging from 10 to 15 mm were included in the study. An experimental model was developed to facilitate instrument manipulation in a trocar under loading. The trocar was mounted to a custom airtight container insufflated with CO2 to a pressure of 15 mmHg, similar to clinical practice. A linear stage was used for prolonged instrument manipulation. At the same time, a fixed load was applied radially to the trocar cannula to mimic the reaction force of the abdominal wall. Gas leakage was measured before, after, and during instrument manipulation.

Results
After instrument manipulation, leakage rates per trocar varied between 0.0 and 5.58 L/min. No large differences were found between leakage rates before and after prolonged manipulation in static and dynamic measurements. However, the prolonged instrument manipulation did cause visible damage to two trocars and revealed unintended leakage pathways in others that can be related to production flaws.

Conclusion
Prolonged instrument manipulation did not increase gas leakage rates through trocars, despite damage to some individual trocars. Nevertheless, gas leakage through trocars occurs and is caused by different trocar-specific mechanisms and design issues.
Ab initio study of molecular properties of l-tyrosine
Authors: Boča Roman , Štofko Juraj , Imrich Richard 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Context
l-Tyrosine is a naturally occurring agent that acts as a precursor in biosynthesis of monoaminergic neurotransmitters in brain such as dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline, and hormones like thyroxine and triiodothyronine. While l-tyrosine in vacuo adopts the canonical aminoacid form with –NH2 and –COOH functional groups, from neutral solutions, is crystallizes in the zwitterionic form possessing –NH3+ and –COO− groups. As l-tyrosine is non-innocent agent with respect to redox processes, redox ability in water expressed by the absolute oxidation and reduction potentials is investigated. The cluster analysis applied to a set of nine related neurotransmitters and trace amines confirms that l-tyrosine is mostly similar to aminoacid forms of phenylalanine, octopamine, and noradrenaline.

Methods
The energetic data at the Hartree–Fock MO-LCAO-SCF method has been conducted using def2-TZVP basis set, and improved by the many-body perturbation theory using the MP2 correction to the correlation energy. For the aminoacid form and the zwitterionic form of l-tyrosine, a set of molecular descriptors has been evaluated (ionization energy, electron affinity, molecular electronegativity, chemical hardness, electrophilicity index, dipole moment, quadrupole moment, and dipole polarizability). The solvent effect (CPCM) is very expressive to the zwitterionic form and alters the sign of the electron affinity from positive to negative values. In parallel, density-functional theory with B3LYP variant in the same basis set has been employed for full geometry optimization of the neutral and ionized forms of l-tyrosine allowing assessing the adiabatic (a) ionization/affinity processes. The complete vibrational analysis enables evaluating thermodynamic functions such as the inner energy, enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs energy, and consequently the absolute oxidation and reduction potentials. Of applied methods, the most reliable are B3LYP(a) results that account to the correlation energy and the electron and nuclear relaxation during the ionization/affinity processes.
Antimicrobial susceptibilities and genomic epidemiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: Vestberg Nora , Bhattarai Karin Haij , Fang Hong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the genomic epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibilities of N. gonorrhoeae isolates in Stockholm, Sweden. In total, 6723 isolates detected in Stockholm, Sweden, from January 2016 to September 2022, were examined for antimicrobial susceptibilities by using E-test. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was applied to isolates in sentinel surveillance and isolates resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) or high-level azithromycin (HLAzi-R, MIC ≥ 256 mg/L). As sentinel surveillance, consecutive clinical isolates (n = 396) detected every 4th week from January 2021 to September 2022 were enrolled in the study. Of the 6723 isolates investigated, 33 isolates (< 1%) were found to be resistant to cefixime, one of which was co-resistant to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin and was detected in September 2022. Ten isolates presented a high level of azithromycin resistance. Resistant rates to ciprofloxacin varied from 32 in 2017 to 68–69% in 2021–2022. Elevated MIC50 and MIC90 of azithromycin were observed over the years. No resistance to spectinomycin was identified. The most frequently occurring MLST in the sentinel surveillance was ST9362 (23%), followed by ST11706 (9%), ST7359 (8%), ST10314 (7%), and ST11422 (6%). The ceftriaxone-resistant isolate belonged to ST8130 and the novel NG-STAR ST4859. Genomic resistance traits found in this strain included mutations in genes mtrR (A39T), parC (S87N), and gyrA (S91F and D95A), as well as the presence of blaTEM-135 and tetM genes. A predominance of ST9362 was observed in Stockholm. The high number of azithromycin and ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates and the emergence of a strain with a novel NG-STAR are of great concern.