bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucose status within dark-grown etiolated cotyledons determines seedling de-etiolation upon light irradiation
Authors: Mu Xin-Rong , Wang Yi-Bo , Bao Qin-Xin , Wei Yu-Ting , Zhao Sheng-Ting , Tao Wen-Zhe , Liu Yu-Xin , Wang Wan-Ni , Yu Fu-Huan , Tong Chen , Wang Jing-Wen , Gu Cheng-Yue , Wang Qi-Meng , Liu Xin-Ran , Sai Na , Zhu Jin-Lei , Zhang Jian , Loake Gary J , Meng Lai-Sheng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Exposure of dark-grown etiolated seedlings to light triggers the transition from skotomorphogenesis/etiolation to photomorphogenesis/de-etiolation. In the life cycle of plants, de-etiolation is essential for seedling development and plant survival. The mobilization of soluble sugars (glucose [Glc], sucrose, and fructose) derived from stored carbohydrates and lipids to target organs, including cotyledons, hypocotyls, and radicles, underpins de-etiolation. Therefore, dynamic carbohydrate biochemistry is a key feature of this phase transition. However, the molecular mechanisms coordinating carbohydrate status with the cellular machinery orchestrating de-etiolation remain largely opaque. Here, we show that the Glc sensor HEXOKINASE 1 (HXK1) interacts with GROWTH REGULATOR FACTOR5 (GRF5), a transcriptional activator and key plant growth regulator, in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Subsequently, GRF5 directly binds to the promoter of phytochrome A (phyA), encoding a far-red light (FR) sensor/cotyledon greening inhibitor. We demonstrate that the status of Glc within dark-grown etiolated cotyledons determines the de-etiolation of seedlings when exposed to light irradiation by the HXK1–GRF5–phyA molecular module. Thus, following seed germination, accumulating Glc within dark-grown etiolated cotyledons stimulates a HXK1-dependent increase of GRF5 and an associated decrease of phyA, triggering the perception, amplification, and relay of HXK1-dependent Glc signaling, thereby facilitating the de-etiolation of seedlings following light irradiation. Our findings, therefore, establish how cotyledon carbohydrate signaling under subterranean darkness is sensed, amplified, and relayed, determining the phase transition from skotomorphogenesis to photomorphogenesis on exposure to light irradiation.
Scaling laws of plume-induced granular cratering
Authors: Gorman Matthew T , Rubio Juan Sebastian , Diaz-Lopez Miguel X , Chambers Wesley A , Korzun Ashley M , Rabinovitch Jason , Ni Rui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExtraterrestrial landing often requires firing a high-speed plume towards a planetary surface, and the resulting gas–granular interactions pose potential hazards to the lander. To investigate these jet-induced cratering dynamics, an experiment campaign covering a range of gas and granular properties relevant to the lunar and Martian environments was conducted in a large-scale vacuum chamber. Despite the variations in jet Mach number, mass flow rate, and composition of the granular phase investigated in this work, the observed time evolution of crater depth displays a consistent transition from an early-stage linear to a late-stage sublinear growth. To explain these scaling relations, a model that relates the kinetic energy gained by the particles per unit time to the power of the impinging jet is introduced. From this model, erosion rates and the critical depth at which the transition occurs can be extracted, and they are shown to depend on the gas impingement pressure, which was varied by changing ambient pressure, jet Mach number, mass flow rate, and nozzle height above the surface. These results highlight key mechanisms at work in the dynamics of plume-induced cratering and help to develop an understanding of optimal rocket engine firing times for future landings.
The Suspension Problem for Epistemic Democracy
Authors: Egler Miguel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Recently, many normative theories of democracy have taken an epistemic turn. Rather than focus on democracy's morally desirable features, they argue that democracy is valuable (at least in part) because it tends to produce correct political decisions. I argue that these theories place epistemic demands on citizens that conflict with core democratic commitments. First, I discuss a well-known challenge to epistemic arguments for democracy that I call the ‘deference problem’. I then argue that framing debates about this deference problem in terms of work on epistemic defeat reveals a structurally similar but more serious challenge for epistemic arguments for democracy. Succinctly put, the problem is that if democracy tends to produce correct political decisions, then those in the minority might be required to suspend beliefs about political matters; however, this requirement conflicts with the pivotal democratic principle of self-government. Call this the ‘suspension problem’.
The Emerging Cloud: a survey of vapers, their health and utilization of healthcare within the UK
Authors: Sund L J , Dargan P I , Archer J R H , Blundell M S , Wood D M 
Published: September 2023

Summary

Background
Recent work in the UK estimated the prevalence of current cannabinoid-based vaping to be higher than in the USA, a factor previously associated with e-cigarette or vaping-associated lung injury (EVALI). Research in the USA has demonstrated that attendances to emergency departments relating to e-cigarettes began to rise before the EVALI outbreak, suggesting that vapers also experience milder forms of vaping-related illness.

Aim
Quantify symptom prevalence and healthcare utilization amongst current UK vapers.

Design
Voluntary online survey of individuals aged 16 and over within the UK.

Methods
Anonymized data were collected on demographics, vaping/smoking status and vaping substances used. Current vapers were asked about the presence of 10 prevalent symptoms from previous US EVALI case series, healthcare attendances and diagnoses given. Risk-ratios were calculated to compare the likelihood of symptoms and attendances between substances.

Results
A total of 2477 complete responses were analysed. In all, 397 respondents were current vapers. Symptom prevalence within the previous 12 months ranged from 3.8% to 30.5% (bloody sputum, cough). Healthcare attendances per symptomatic respondent ranged from 0.1 to 1.4 (bloody sputum, shortness of breath). Current vapers of cannabinoid-based products (alone/in combination) had the most attendances per symptomatic respondent for 9/10 symptoms and were more likely to report symptoms aside from ‘cough’ (nicotine-free e-liquids [risk ratio = 1.7]). Clinicians reportedly never diagnosed vaping-related illness.

Conclusions
UK vapers experience symptoms previously reported in EVALI cases for which they also seek healthcare. Users of cannabinoid-based products were more likely to report symptoms and accounted for a higher healthcare burden. UK vapers may also experience vaping-related illness that does not meet EVALI case criteria.
Characteristics and course of patients with AA amyloidosis: single centre experience with 174 patients from Turkey
Authors: Bektas Murat , Koca Nevzat , Oguz Emin , Sari Selma , Dagci Gizem , Ince Burak , Ozer Pelin Karaca , Agargun Besim Fazil , Yalcinkaya Yasemin , Artim-Esen Bahar , Ocal Lale , Inanc Murat , Gul Ahmet 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, laboratory and genetic characteristics and outcomes of patients with AA amyloidosis.

Methods
Patients followed up in a tertiary referral centre in Turkey with the diagnosis of inflammatory rheumatic diseases and immunohistologically proven AA amyloidosis were included in the study and retrospectively analysed.

Results
Among 184 patients with the diagnosis of AA amyloidosis, 174 (83 female, 91 male) were included in the analysis. The most common cause of AA amyloidosis was FMF (78.7%), and 91% of FMF-AA amyloidosis patients were carrying the p.M694V variant (74.1% homozygous). AA amyloidosis was identified earlier in patients with homozygous or compound heterozygous MEFV exon 10 variants compared with the heterozygous patients (27, 30 and 41 years, respectively). Patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;60 ml/min at admission had a higher frequency of progression to end-stage renal disease (P &lt; 0.001). The overall mortality rate was 15.3% and it increased gradually in association with the amyloid burden (10% in patients with renal, 15% in renal + gastrointestinal and 43% in those with additional cardiac involvement). Renal findings responded completely to treatment in 31% of the patients, a partial response was observed in 4%, a stable course in 23.6% and progression in 38.5%. Amyloid storm was identified in nine patients and was found to be associated with increased mortality within 1 year.

Conclusion
FMF patients still constitute the majority of AA amyloidosis patients in Turkey. The MEFV genotype and associated inflammatory load may affect the age of onset of AA amyloidosis, and earlier diagnosis and stricter follow-up and treatment may delay progression of the disease.
Student perceptions of the impact of quality matters essential standards in an animal physiology course
Authors: Deuser Kylie , Sanchez Rebecca P , Mendoza-Moran Arlene , Winzeler Bethanne , Zheng Yaxin , Trivedi Shweta 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
As online learning becomes increasingly popular in higher education, the quality of courses that utilize this modality is becoming a focus of inquiry. Quality Matters (QM) is a leading quality assurance organization that reviews online and hybrid (partially online, partially in-person) courses for standards of pedagogy and instructional design and certifies courses that sufficiently meet these standards. In this study, we examine student perceptions of course quality in a hybrid three-credit-hour animal science course that has been certified by QM. The class met twice a week for 1.25 h with one class period online and one in person. It consisted of 11 modules, each of which included learning content, learning activities, and assessments. Upon completion, 46 of 114 students completed a survey in which they rated the course on each of the 21 QM essential standards (Fifth edition). Descriptive analysis revealed that for 19 of the 21 specific review standards, 75% to 91% of students agreed or strongly agreed that the course reflected the best practice described in the standard. For the other two standards, over half of students (72%, 63%) agreed or strongly agreed that best practices were reflected in course design. Another way to examine the data is to collapse specific review standards into eight general review categories as specified by QM; the collapsed data revealed that 75% to 88% of students agreed or strongly agreed that the course design reflected the eight general course design standards. The percentage of students disagreeing that the course reflected each best practice was 11% or lower. Cronbach analysis to examine the internal consistency of the QM questionnaire (0.96), indicated instrument reliability and stability. A principal component analysis of the data conducted to further examine features and patterns of student responses revealed four primary factors that students rated highly (learning objectives, learner interaction and engagement, accessibility and usability, and clarity) that explained 78% of the data variance. This study demonstrates that the high quality of course design and delivery in a QM-certified course is clear to students. and provides justification for the investment in high-quality online and hybrid course design. In the future, we plan to compare student perceptions of course quality in a course that has not been QM-certified with one that has, as well as the impact of those revisions on student outcomes.
Perfluorooctanoic acid induces transcriptomic alterations in second trimester human cytotrophoblasts
Authors: Chen Hao , Kapidzic Mirhan , Gantar Danielle , Aksel Sena , Levan Justine , Abrahamsson Dimitri P , Jigmeddagva Unurzul , Basrai Sanah , San Ali , Gaw Stephanie L , Woodruff Tracey J , Fisher Susan J , Robinson Joshua F 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Poly- and perfluroroalkylated substances (PFAS) are a major class of surfactants used in industry applications and consumer products. Despite efforts to reduce the usage of PFAS due to their environmental persistence, compounds such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are widely detected in human blood and tissue. Although growing evidence supports that prenatal exposures to PFOA and other PFAS are linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, the target organs and pathways remain unclear. Recent investigations in mouse and human cell lines suggest that PFAS may impact the placenta and impair trophoblast function. In this study, we investigated the effects of PFOA on cytotoxicity and the transcriptome in cultured second trimester human cytotrophoblasts (CTBs). We show that PFOA significantly reduces viability and induces cell death at 24 h, in a concentration-dependent manner. At subcytotoxic concentrations, PFOA impacted expression of hundreds of genes, including several molecules (CRH, IFIT1, and TNFSF10) linked with lipid metabolism and innate immune response pathways. Furthermore, in silico analyses suggested that regulatory factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-mediated pathways may be especially important in response to PFOA. In summary, this study provides evidence that PFOA alters primary human CTB viability and gene pathways that could contribute to placental dysfunction and disease.
Digital Training for Micro-Entrepreneurs: Experimental Evidence from Guatemala
Authors: Estefan Alejandro , Improta Martina , Ordoñez Romina , Winters Paul 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Previous literature shows minor impacts of in-person business training in developing countries, but few papers study the effectiveness of digital training. A research partnership with a multinational company operating in the food sector of Guatemala enables the randomized evaluation of a digital training program involving the franchise store owners of one of its retail chains. The training program combined a mobile app offering access to reproducible video capsules and virtual one-on-one consulting meetings. The results of the randomized evaluation reveal significant impacts on knowledge, business practices, sales, and profits. An examination of the mechanisms underlying these results reveals that consulting meetings are crucial in inducing engagement with the app’s content. Program flexibility, internet access, and initial sales are also crucial determinants of training effectiveness.
Description and evolutionary biogeography of the first Miocene jumping spider (Aranaea: Salticidae) from a southern continent
Authors: Richardson Barry J , McCurry Matthew R , Frese Michael 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Examination of a fossil from a Miocene Konservat-Lagerstätte (c. 11–16 Mya) from Australia shows it to be an astioid jumping spider that is here described as Simaetha sp. indet. Fossilization in the iron oxide–hydroxide mineral goethite led to a high-fidelity preservation of not only the exterior, but of the pharyngeal plate and a neuropile in the cephalothorax. The discovery of the fossil supports the molecular-based hypothesis that the Late Oligocene/Early Miocene radiation of astioid genera occurred in Australasia. Modern Asian genera then would be the result of northward migrations from Australia rather than a movement in the other direction. Biogeographically, the Miocene Simaetha fits within the predicted bioclimatic distribution of the genus today, though the bioclimatic requirements of the fossil species are now found in eastern Queensland rather than in central New South Wales. Simaetha, it seems has retained its original bioclimatic profile for 15 Myr, even though climatic and ecological conditions in Australia have changed significantly. The fossil record now shows the independent evolution of modern genera during the Early Miocene in at least five different salticid lineages on two continents. These salticid radiations occurred at a time of planet-wide, rapid climatic and ecological change.
Iliosacral Screws Can be Placed With Precision by Adjusting the Pelvic Inlet Between S1 and S2
Authors: Zuelzer David A , Ryan Lunden , Westbrooks Tim , “Chip” Routt Milton L. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives:
To determine: 1) the natural incidence of sacral inlet angle differences between S1 and S2 and 2) implications for iliosacral screw placement with a technique to improve the accuracy of the intraoperative fluoroscopic inlet for S1 and S2.

Design:
Combined retrospective and prospective cohort reviews.

Setting:
Regional Level 1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
After exclusion criteria, 300 patients with uninjured pelvic rings to determine the natural incidence of S1 – S2 angle differences and 33 patients treated with iliosacral screws over the study period.

Intervention:
None in the retrospective cohort. In the prospective cohort all patients underwent fluoroscopically assisted iliosacral screw fixation.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Radiographic determination of S1 – S2 angle differences above 10 degrees in a natural population for the retrospective cohort. In the prospective, operative cohort the outcome of interest was the safety of iliosacral screws in S1 and S2 as determined on intraoperative fluoroscopy and postoperative CT scan.
Results: In the retrospective cohort, 180/300 (60.0%) had S1 – S2 inlet angle differences above 10 degrees. In the operative cohort, 19/33 (57.6%) had S1 – S2 inlet angle differences above 10 degrees. Of the iliosacral screws in S1 and S2 placed using the described imaging technique, all (69/69, 100%) were safe.

Conclusions:
A normal population determined that differences in the inlet angle between S1 and S2 are common. An operative cohort was treated using preoperative CT-based planning to define different intraoperative fluoroscopic inlet views for S1 and S2, if a larger difference existed. Using this technique, 69/69 (100%) of iliosacral screws were either intraosseous or juxtacortical and safe.

Level of Evidence:
Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Duration of Hardware Retention After Radiologic Union of Surgically Treated Femoral Neck Fractures in Children May Predict the Aggravation or Occurrence of Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head or Neck After Hardware Removal
Authors: Wang WenTao , Mei QianQian , Guo YueMing , He Bo , Mei HaiBo , Li YiQiang , Canavese Federico , Chen ShunYou 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The incidence of aggravation or occurrence of avascular necrosis (AVN) following hardware removal in surgically treated pediatric femoral neck fractures who achieved radiologic consolidation is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for this complication.

Methods:
Seventy-one pediatric (mean age: 9.8±3.9 y) were retrospectively analyzed. Risk factors (age, sex, laterality, severity of initial displacement, type of fracture, time from trauma to reduction, reduction and fixation method, quality of reduction, time required to achieve radiologic union, duration of hardware retention, presence of AVN before hardware removal and follow-up time) were recorded. The severity of AVN was assessed based on radiographs with Ratliff’s classification.

Results:
Following hardware removal, the aggravation/occurrence of AVN was detected in 11 hips (15.5%). Among the 5 hips (7%) with aggravation of AVN, 1 (1.4%) with type II AVN and 3 (4.2%) with type III AVN exhibited aggravation of type I AVN, while the remaining hip (1.4%; type I) showed enlargement of the involved AVN area. Six hips (8.5%) developed AVN following hardware removal: 2 (2.8%) were classified as type I and 4 (5.6%) as type III. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that hardware retention >7 months after union is associated with a decreased rate of aggravation or occurrence of AVN of the femoral neck or head following hardware removal.

Conclusions:
The incidence of aggravation or occurrence of AVN following hardware removal in surgically treated pediatric femoral neck fractures is 15.5%; hardware retention >7 months after radiologic union may reduce the risk of aggravation or occurrence of AVN of the femoral neck or head postimplant removal.

Level of evidence:
Level III.
DIY Flap Monitoring: The Glucose Index
Authors: Pérez Colman M.C. , Schauvinhold C.F. , Chavanne J.M. , Errea G.F. , Bou M. , Ernst G. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Flap loss is reduced by monitoring, which detects vascular compromise. Glucose levels vary in suffering flaps; therefore, we aimed to show that monitoring flaps with glucose pinprick test is a cheap, reliable, ubiquitous, and easy method.

Methods:
We reviewed a prospectively kept database. A pinprick test was performed to measure systemic and flap glucose levels. A glucose index (GI; flap glucose/systemic glucose) was calculated. Comparison between the groups (with occlusive event, and without occlusive event) was done.

Results:
In total, 32 flaps in 29 consecutive patients were included. Eleven (34%) were free flaps. Of these, one (9%) was explored twice. Initially, salvage was achieved. However, 36 hours later, a second exploration was needed but was unsuccessful. Of the 21 pedicled flaps (66%), one (5%) needed exploration (suture release), and three (14%) had partial losses that were not clinically relevant. On the ROC curve, we found a cut-off value for a GI of 0.49 or less with a sensitivity of 95% [95% confidence interval (CI): 75.1 to 99.9%] and a specificity of 100% (95% CI: 98.5 to 100%), with a positive predictive value of 100% (95% CI: 81.5 to 100%) and a negative predictive value of 99.6% (95% CI: 97.8 to 100%) for flap suffering.

Conclusions:
The GI, as a complement, assists in defining treatment approach. It is an easy, reliable, accessible method that can be performed by nonmedical personnel. Its main drawback is the inability to monitor buried or hard to reach flaps.
Combination of Fibrosis-4, liver-stiffness measurement, and Fibroscan-AST score to predict liver-related outcomes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Wong Yu Jun , Urias Esteban , Song Michael W. , Goyal Tanvi , Tay Wei Xuan , Han Nicole Xinrong , Loo Jing Hong , Qiu Tian Yu , Wijarnpreecha Karn , Chan Yiong Huak , Chen Vincent L. 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
Noninvasive tests, such as Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), liver-stiffness measurement (LSM) by vibration-controlled transient elastography, and Fibroscan-AST (FAST), are frequently used for risk stratification in NAFLD. The comparative performance of FIB-4 and LSM and FAST to predict clinical outcomes of patients with NAFLD remained unclear. We aim to evaluate the performance of FIB-4, LSM, and FAST scores to predict clinical outcomes in patients with NAFLD.

Methods:
We included consecutive adult patients with NAFLD with transient elastography performed between 2015 and 2022 from the United States and Singapore. Patients with NAFLD stratified based on baseline FIB-4, LSM, and FAST score were followed up until clinical outcomes notably liver-related events (LREs), LREs or death, death, and major adverse cardiac events.

Results:
A total of 1262 patients with NAFLD (63% with obesity and 37% with diabetes) with vibration-controlled transient elastography were followed up for median 3.5 years. FIB-4 stratified patients with NAFLD into low-risk (<1.3), intermediate-risk (1.3–2.67), and high-risk (>2.67) in 59.4%, 31.5%, and 9.1%, respectively. No LRE occurred with baseline FIB-4 <1.3, regardless of LSM and FAST score. Higher FIB-4 was associated with a higher risk of LREs within each LSM category. FIB-4 had a higher area under the received operating characteristic curve than LSM or FAST score to predict LRE.

Conclusions:
In this multicenter international study, FIB-4 and LSM synergistically predicted the risk of LRE. In patients with FIB-4 <1.3, vibration-controlled transient elastography may incorrectly classify up to 10% of the patients as high risk. FIB-4 should be incorporated into risk stratification in NAFLD even among patients who underwent VCTE.