bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated serum KL-6 concentration as an early detection biomarker of rituximab-related interstitial lung disease
Authors: Zou Wailong , Zhu Yonglin , Ren Wei , Yu Qian , Zhu Weihua , Wu Qun , Liu Xuetong , Wang Yumin , Zhang Zhe , Jiang Piping , Ma Feng , Chen Jichao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background The rituximab-related interstitial lung disease (RTX-ILD) is a serious adverse event in rituximab treatment patients. Krebs Von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) is a glycoprotein, which was suggested to be associated with lung injury and repair. Studies have shown that KL-6 can be used as a diagnostic biomarker for a variety of interstitial lung diseases, while relevant researches are absent in RTX-ILD.Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum KL-6 levels in detecting patients with RTX-ILD.Methods 120 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with rituximab were enrolled from a single study center. The serum KL-6 was measured respectively before the 1st to 5th chemotherapy by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Patients were divided into the non-ILD group (69 cases) and the RTX-ILD group (51 cases) according to follow-up results. The RTX-ILD group was further divided into four grades based on severity. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v26 and GraphPad Prism v9.Results The serum KL-6 was similar between the non-ILD [176 (70–280) U/mL] and the RTX-ILD group [152 (73–280) U/mL] before chemotherapy, while it had dynamic change during the treatment regardless of the RTX-ILD occurrence. The serum KL-6 in the RTX-ILD group was significantly higher than that in the non-ILD group after chemotherapy. KL-6 was an effective means to identify RTX-ILD patients even after the first chemotherapy cycle [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.973, 95%CI 0.951–0.995, P < 0.001]. Analysis of the serum KL-6 among different severity grades suggests that KL-6 may be inadequate as a marker for patient grading.Conclusions Serum KL-6 can be an indicator of RTX-ILD occurrence and effectively identify patients at risk of RTX-ILD at the early stage of chemotherapy. The measurement of serum KL-6 during RTX treatment is beneficial to the early detection and active intervention of RTX-ILD.Strengths and limitations of this study This study comprehensively evaluated serum KL-6 as a marker for RTX-ILD, specifically demonstrating its potential for early risk stratification during chemotherapy. Due to limited sample size, this study was unable to establish an accurate threshold or confirm the correlation between KL-6 level and RTX-ILD severity.
Immune Persistence after Different Polio Sequential Immunization Schedules in Chinese Infants
Authors: Yang Jingsi , Zhao Ting , Li Jing , Huang Teng , Huang Teng , Che Yanchun , Zhao Zhimei , Fu Yu ting , Tao Jun hui , Yang Qing hai , Wei Ding kai , Li Guoliang , Yi Li , zhao Yuping , Chen Hongbo , Wang Jianfeng , Jiang Ruiju , Yu Lei , Cai Wei , Yang Wei , Xie Ming xue , Yin Qiongzhou , Pu Jing , Shi Li , Hong Chao , Deng Yan , Cai Lukui , Zhou Jian , Wen Yu , Li Hong sen , Huang Wei , Mo Zhao jun , Li Chang-Gui , Li Qihan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV) has been withdrawn and instead an inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and bivalent type 1 and type 3 OPV (bOPV) sequential immunization schedule has been implemented since 2016, but no immune persistence data are available for this polio vaccination strategy. This study aimed to assess immune persistence following different polio sequential immunization schedules. Venous blood was collected at 24, 36, and 48 months of age from participants who had completed sequential schedules of combined IPV and OPV in phase Ⅲ clinical trials. The serum neutralizing antibody titers against poliovirus were determined, and the poliovirus-specific antibody-positive rates were evaluated. A total of 1,104 participants were enrolled in this study. The positive rates of poliovirus type 1- and type 3-specific antibodies among the sequential immunization groups showed no significant difference at 24, 36, or 48 months of age. The positive rates of poliovirus type 2-specific antibody in the IPV-IPV-tOPV group at all time points were nearly 100%, which was significantly higher than the corresponding rates in other immunization groups (IPV-bOPV-bOPV and IPV-IPV-bOPV). Immunization schedules involving one or two doses of IPV followed by bOPV failed to maintain a high positive rate for poliovirus type 2-specific antibody.
Experiences of UK and Irish family carers of people with profound and multiple intellectual disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Linden Mark , Leonard Rachel , Forbes Trisha , Brown Michael , Marsh Lynne , Todd Stuart , Hughes Nathan , Truesdale Maria 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
People with profound and multiple intellectual disabilities (PMID) have high and intensive support needs that ordinarily place significant strain on family carers. This was further heightened by the removal of many external supports during the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to explore the experiences of family carers of people with PMID during the COVID-19 pandemic and understand what the longer-term impact might be on their lives.
Methods
Focus group interviews (n = 32) were conducted with family carers (n = 126) from the five countries of the UK and the Republic of Ireland. Participants were asked questions relating to their experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic, coping strategies, and challenges faced. All focus groups were conducted using an online platform. These were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed employing thematic analysis.
Findings:
Three main themes emerged from the data including (i) COVID-19 as a double-edged sword (ii) The struggle for support (iii) Constant nature of caring. These included 11 subthemes. (i) ‘COVID-19 as a catalyst for change’, ‘Challenges during COVID-19: dealing with change’, ‘Challenges during COVID-19: fear of COVID-19’, ‘The online environment: the new normal’ (ii) ‘Invisibility of male carers’, ‘Carers supporting carers’, ‘The only service you get is lip service: non-existent services’, ‘Knowing your rights’ (iii) ‘Emotional response to the caring role: Feeling devalued’, ‘Emotional response to the caring role: Desperation of caring’, ‘Multiple demands of the caring role.’
Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic presented immense challenges to family carers of people with PMID but also provided some opportunities. Families had already struggled to receive many of the supports and services to which they were entitled to only to have these removed at the onset of the pandemic. The experiences of male carers have been largely absent from the literature with this research showing they want to be included in decision making and require tailored support services to meet their needs. Service providers should see the end of the As the direct threat from COVID-19 diminishes and the experiences of those who lived through come to the fore, there is a need to re-examine current models and provision of support to family carers to better meet their needs.
Cohort Profile: China Undergraduate Cohort for Environmental Health Study
Authors: Lu Peng , Miao Jiaming , Feng Shurong , Yang Liu , Dou Siqi , Ye Tingting , Yan Lailai , Li Shanshan , Guo Yuming 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The China Undergraduate Cohort (CUC) is an ambispective cohort study with its major purpose to better understand the effects of lifetime environmental exposures on health outcomes. We recruited 5322 college students with an average age of 18.3±0.7 years in China from August 23, 2019 to October 28, 2019. Follow-up surveys were conducted annually. The dataset comprises individual demographic data (e.g. age, sex, height, weight, birth date, race, home address, annual family income, contact information), health-related behavior data (smoking status, smoking cessation, passive smoking exposure, drinking habit, physical activity, dietary status), lifestyle data (physical exercise, dietary habit, length of time spent outdoors), disease history (respiratory disease history, cardiovascular disease history, urinary system disease history, etc), mental health status data (sleep quality, self-reported stress, anxiety and depression symptoms), lung function and blood samples data. Preliminary results from our cohort have found the association between air pollution, summer heat and mercury exposure and lung function among young adults in China.
The Mentors in Violence Prevention Programme: impact on students’ knowledge and attitudes related to violence, prejudice, and abuse, and willingness to intervene as a bystander in secondary schools in England
Authors: Butler Nadia , Quigg Zara , Wilson Charley , McCoy Ellie , Bates Rebecca 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Violence is a leading cause of death and disability for young people and has serious impacts on prospects across the lifecourse. The education sector is a crucial setting for preventing youth violence through incorporating programmes that address attitudes and behaviours. The Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP) programme aims to change harmful attitudes and norms, and increase non-violent bystander intervention, through a peer education approach. To date there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of the intervention in UK school settings. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of the programme on students’ attitudes and knowledge related to violence prevention.
Methods
The study employed a mixed methods design. Pre and post surveys measured changes in students’ (aged 11–18) attitudes and knowledge related to violence prevention and bystander behaviour, gender stereotyping, acceptability of violence, and perceptions of others’ willingness to intervene. Interviews/focus groups with programme delivers and students, and anonymised programme data were used to explore and supplement survey findings.
Results
Overall, perceptions of the programme content and delivery were positive. Several beneficial impacts of the programme were found for mentors (students delivering the programme), including significant positive changes on measures of knowledge and attitudes towards violence prevention and the bystander approach, acceptability of violence perpetration, and perceptions of other students’ willingness to intervene (effect sizes were small-medium). However, the study found no significant change on any of the outcomes amongst mentees (younger students receiving the programme from mentors). Despite this, qualitative evidence suggested mentees enjoyed the content of the programme and the peer-led delivery, and this built relationships with older students. Qualitative evidence also identified additional benefits of the programme for mentors, including leadership and communication skills, and increased confidence and supportive relationships.
Conclusions
Evidence from this study suggests MVP is effective as a targeted programme for mentors, but no significant evidence was found to demonstrate its effectiveness as a universal bystander and violence prevention programme for mentees. Whilst further research with more robust study design is needed, developing mentors as leaders in violence prevention is a valuable impact of the programme in its own right.
Putrescine modulates cadmium fixation ability of the cell wall to decrease cadmium accumulation in rice via a NO dependent manner
Authors: Wang Hao Yu , Li Su , Huang Jing , Zhu Xiao Fang , Shen Ren Fang , Zeng Da Li 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Although putrescine (PUT) has been linked to plants' responses to cadmium (Cd) stress, the exact mechanism is yet elusive. The endogenous PUT concentration in the rice roots was enhanced by Cd stress in the current investigation, and exogenous PUT increased root cell wall hemicellulose level, which in turn increased its Cd binding capacity, concurrently decreasing the transcription level of genes such as Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Protein 1 (OsNRAMP1) and a major facilitator superfamily gene-OsCd1 that responsible for root Cd absorption. Finally, less Cd was accumulated in the rice as a result of the higher expression of Heavy Metal ATPase 3 (OsHMA3), and Cation/Ca exchanger 2 (OsCCX2) that were responsible for separating Cd into vacuole and getting Cd out of cells, respectively. Additionally, PUT enhanced endogenous NO levels, and its alleviatory effect was disappeared by a NO scavenger-cPTIO. In conclusion, PUT enhanced rice’s Cd resistance through regulating the generation of the NO and the binding capacity of the cell wall to Cd.
GLIM criteria represents a more suitable tool to evaluate the nutritional status and predict postoperative functional recovery of older patients with hip fracture
Authors: Wu Weicheng , Guo Zhening , Gu Zenghui , Mao Yongtao , She Chang , Gu Jun , Lv Bo , Xu Wei , Li Liubing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Early recognition of malnutrition is of prime importance and essential for improving the prognosis of older patients with hip fracture. The Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002), The Short-Form Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA-SF) and The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) are widely used in malnutrition diagnose. However, the criteria for predicting postoperative hip joint function in aging patients with hip fractures during a long-term is still necessary. The objective of this study was to select the most appropriate criteria from the NRS-2002, the MNA-SF and the GLIM in predicting the postoperative recovery of hip joint function in a long-term.
Methods: This retrospective observational study included the 161 patients aged ≥65 years with hip fracture. Nutritional states of the patients were determined by the NRS-2002, the MNA-SF and the GLIM. The Harris Hip Joint Score (HHS), the primary outcome of this study, was used to evaluate the hip joint function. The HHS was classified into good recovery (HHS>75) and bad recovery (HHS<=75). Logistic regression models for hip joint function recovery were constructed. Both the ROC and the DCA were used to select the most predictive criteria.
Results: The overall mean age of the 161 patients was 77.90 ± 8.17. As a result, all of the NRS-2002 (OR: 0.06, 95%CI [0.01, 0.17]), the MNA-SF (OR: 0.05, 95%CI [0.00, 0.23]) and the GLIM (OR of moderate: 0.03, 95%CI [0.01, 0.11]; OR of severe: 0.02 [0.00, 0.07]) were predictive for recovery of hip joint function. Additionally, both the AUC of ROC (NRS-2002: 81.2 [73.8, 88.6], MNA-SF: 76.3[68.5, 84.2], GLIM: 86.2 [79.6,92.8]) and the DCA showed the GLIM was better than others.
Conclusion: Compared with NRS-2002 and MNA-SF, GLIM was a better nutritional assessment criteria to predict the postoperative recovery of hip joint function for older hip fracture patients in a long-term.
Categorizing and quantifying doctors’ extended responses and communication strategies in medical teleconsultations
Authors: Li Huaikui Kevin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study analyzes 210 clinical teleconsultations using corpus software to categorize and quantify doctors’ extended responses and communication strategies. The results indicate that doctors’ extended responses can be divided into nine categories, with the highest frequency being treatment proposals (including justifications and difficulties in diagnosis) at 42.7%, followed by disease diagnoses (including disease causes and diagnosis difficulties) at 22.0%. The remaining categories have significantly lower frequencies, with the two categories, the introduction of organ or tissue functions and features, and alternative treatment proposals (involving justifications)having the lowest frequency at approximately 2% each. Brown & Levinson’s communication strategy framework is applied to categorize the strategies used in the responses. Four strategies are identified: baldly on-record strategy (BORS), positive politeness strategy (PPS), negative politeness strategy (NPS), and off-record strategy (ORS), each having multiple categories. Specifically, PPS and NPS respectively have five and seven, and BORS and ORS each have three. NPS is the most frequently used, accounting for 89% of all the cases. The category of providing justifications or explanations for a diagnosis has the highest percentage (41.9%), followed by making vague diagnoses and minimizing impositions (22.7% and 16.8% respectively). The remaining categories each have percentages less than 5%. The categories of apologizing and stating a diagnosis as a general clinical practice are the least used (0.9% each). PPS accounts for 9.1% of all the instances, with the category of making a consolation, wish or encouragement, or optimism being the most dominant (5.6%). Each of the remaining categories accounts for no more than 2%. The category of asking for a reason is the least used (0.1%). The overall frequency of BOR and ORS is less than 2%, with each of their categories accounting for less than 1%.
Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and risk of long COVID symptoms: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Congdon Seth , Narrowe Zev , Yone Nang , Gunn Jacob , Deng Yuting , Nori Priya , Cowman Kelsie , Islam Marjan , Rikin Sharon , Starrels Joanna 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess whether treatment with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir was associated with a reduced risk of long COVID. We enrolled 500 adults with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 who were eligible for nirmatrelvir/ritonavir; 250 who took nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and 250 who did not. The primary outcome was the development of one or more of eleven prespecified long COVID symptoms, assessed through a structured telephone interview four months after the positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Multivariable logistic regression models controlled for age, sex, race/ethnicity, chronic conditions, and COVID-19 vaccination status. We found that participants who took nirmatrelvir/ritonavir were no less likely to develop long COVID symptoms, compared to those who did not take the medication (44% vs 49.6%, p = 0.21). Taking nirmatrelvir/ritonavir was associated with a lower odds of two of the eleven long COVID symptoms, brain fog (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.38–0.88) and chest pain/tightness (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.28–0.91). Our finding that treatment with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir was not associated with a lower risk of developing long COVID is different from prior studies that obtained data only from electronic medical records.
Taking a shortcut: evidence of path integration in fish
Authors: Sibeaux Adelaide , Newport Cait , Green Jonathan , Engelmann Jacob , de Perera Theresa Burt 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Path integration is a powerful navigational mechanism whereby individuals continuously update their distance and angular vector of movement to calculate their position in relation to their departure location, allowing them to return along the most direct route even across unfamiliar terrain. While path integration has been investigated in several terrestrial animals, it has never been demonstrated in aquatic vertebrates, where movement occurs through volumetric space and sensory cues available for navigation are likely to differ substantially from those in terrestrial environments. By performing displacement experiments with Lamprologus ocellatus, we show that fish use path integration to navigate, alongside other mechanisms (allothetic cues and route recapitulation). By demonstrating that a teleost is capable of path integration, our results indicate that this mechanism is likely to be deeply rooted within the vertebrate phylogeny irrespective of the environment, and suggests that fish may possess a spatial encoding system that parallels that of mammals.
Correlation of DNA methylation of DNMT3A and TET2 with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Xueming , Li Zaikun , Gao Qingxi , Peng Yanan , Yu Yang , Hu Tenglong , Wang Wei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Oral squamous cellcarcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most common malignancyworldwide. Abnormal epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, are hallmarks of cancer and implicated in the development of various tumors. DNA methylation is catalyzed by the DNA methyltransferase and ten-eleven translocation dioxygenase families, with DNMT3A and TET2 being the most widely studied members, respectively. The correlation of methylation β values and clinical features was conducted in patients with OSCC in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. DNA methylation and protein expression levels of DNMT3A and TET2in tissues were analyzed with methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) and western blotting. To evaluate the effects of DNMT3A and TET2on the biological characteristics of OSCC, cell proliferation was assessed with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, and cell migration capacity was quantified with wound healing and transwell assays. A survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan-Meier approach. The correlation between different methylation β values and clinical features was revealed. MSP revealed varying methylation degrees of DNMT3A and TET2 in OSCC tissues. Furthermore, western blotting showed that the protein expression levels were significantly different in cancer and surrounding healthy tissue samples. In vitro experiments demonstrated that DNMT3Aknockdown and TET2 overexpression could inhibit the proliferation and migration of OSCC. Survival analysis revealed that patients with high DNMT3A methylation levels showed higher survival rates.
Acclimation to higher temperature and feeding on antioxidants supplemented diets improved Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) resilience to heatwaves
Authors: Vazirzadeh Arya , Hosseinpour Fatemeh , Farhadi Ahmad , Sajadi Seyed Hossein 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Coldwater species challenge with increasing water temperatures and fluctuations over the upper thermal limits of fish. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of acclimation to higher temperature and dietary antioxidants capacity on ameliorating the adverse effects of heat shocks in in rainbow trout. To this end, rainbow trout fingerlings were acclimated at optimal (14°C) and high (20°C) temperatures and fed on selenium (5 mg/kg) and polyphenol (2 g/kg) supplemented diets for 60 days and then were exposed to heat shocks by increasing water temperature up to 30°C. Growth performance, survival rate, haemato-immunological parameters and expression of HSP70α, HSP70β, HSP90β and IL-1β genes were measured to evaluate the hypothesises. The rainbow trout acclimated to 20°C and fed on antioxidants supplemented diets showed significantly higher aftershock survival rate. Moreover, fish acclimated to higher temperature showed higher red blood cell counts as well as serum total protein and albumin during acclimation trial and heat shocks phase. Acclimation to higher temperature and feeding on antioxidants remarkably enhanced fish immune and antioxidant capacity in comparison to fish adapted to cold water and fed on the basal diet measured by improved respiratory burst and lysozyme activities and upregulation of IL-1β expression during exposure of fish to heat shocks. Furthermore, fish acclimated to higher temperature, especially those fed on antioxidant supplemented diets showed lower expression level of HSPs genes during heat shock phase, indicating that high heat shocks were less stressful for this fish in comparison to cold water acclimated fish. This claim was also supported by lower cortisol level during heat shocks in fish acclimated to higher temperature. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that acclimation to higher temperature and/or fed on diets supplemented by selenium and polyphenol, can help to ameliorate the negative effects of the heat shock in rainbow trout.