bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating Sepsis Incidence Using Administrative Data and Clinical Medical Record Review
Authors: Mellhammar Lisa , Wollter Erik , Dahlberg Jacob , Donovan Benjamin , Olséen Carl-Johan , Wiking Per Ola , Rose Norman , Schwarzkopf Daniel , Friedrich Marcus , Fleischmann-Struzek Carolin , Reinhart Konrad , Linder Adam 
Published: August 2023

ImportanceDespite the large health burden, reliable data on sepsis epidemiology are lacking; studies using International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD)–coded hospital discharge diagnosis for sepsis identification suffer from limited sensitivity. Also, ICD data do not allow investigation of underlying pathogens and antimicrobial resistance.ObjectivesTo generate reliable epidemiological estimates by linking data from a population-based database to a reference standard of clinical medical record review.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a retrospective, observational cohort study using a population-based administrative database including all acute care hospitals of the Scania region in Sweden in 2019 and 2020 to identify hospital-treated sepsis cases by ICD codes. From this database, clinical medical records were also selected for review within 6 strata defined by ICD discharge diagnosis (both with and without sepsis diagnosis). Data were analyzed from April to October 2022.Main outcomes and measuresHospital and population incidences of sepsis, case fatality, antimicrobial resistance, and temporal dynamics due to COVID-19 were assessed, as well as validity of ICD-10 case identification methods compared with the reference standard of clinical medical record review.ResultsOut of 295 531 hospitalizations in 2019 in the Scania region of Sweden, 997 patient medical records were reviewed, among which 457 had sepsis according to clinical criteria. Of the patients with clinical sepsis, 232 (51%) were female, and 357 (78%) had at least 1 comorbidity. The median (IQR) age of the cohort was 76 (67-85) years. The incidence of sepsis in hospitalized patients according to the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3) criteria in 2019 was 4.1% (95% CI, 3.6-4.5) by medical record review. This corresponds to an annual incidence rate of 747 (95% CI, 663-832) patients with sepsis per 100 000 population. No significant increase in sepsis during the COVID-19 pandemic nor a decrease in sepsis incidence when excluding COVID-19 sepsis was observed. Few sepsis cases caused by pathogens with antimicrobial resistance were found. The validity of ICD-10–based case identification in administrative data was low.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of sepsis epidemiology, sepsis was a considerable burden to public health in Sweden. Supplying administrative data with information from clinical medical records can help to generate reliable data on sepsis epidemiology.
Peak load characteristics of aggregated demand in a residential building in Osaka, Japan
Authors: Toosty Nishat Tasnim , Ono Tetsushi , Shimoda Shota , Hagishima Aya 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA statistical analysis of the 2‐year electricity consumption of 479 dwellings in a residential building was conducted to determine annual peak events and their contributing factors for four different aggregations of sizes 3, 10, 50, and 479. The diverse U‐shaped relationships between outdoor temperature and peak demand occurrence and the impact of the part of the week/year were identified for different aggregation sizes using generalized linear models and generalized linear mixed models. Furthermore, the contribution of each appliance on reducing the annual peak demand according to the aggregation size was clarified. The result indicates the significant demand response potential of living/dining room outlets and air conditioners, with a 15%–25% contribution to the peak demand in the interquartile range (IQR), regardless of the aggregation level. In addition, refrigerators contributed 10%–15% to the peak demand for the aggregation of sizes 10 and 479.
Autism and the Autism Spectrum: Diagnostic Concepts
Authors: Volkmar Fred R. , Reichow Brian , Westphal Alexander , Mandell David S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe development of various diagnostic concepts and their continued refinement have enriched both clinical work and research. The proposal inDSM‐5for reconceptualization of a new “autism spectrum” disorder concept has some merit as well as some potential limitations. Clearly, major changes impact clinical work and research (particularly research involving longitudinal or epidemiological samples). It seems likely that we are entering a period in which a range of diagnostic approaches will be used; whether this will help or hinder research remains an important question.
Outcomes in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Howlin Patricia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEven with improved diagnosis and treatment in recent years, studies show that less than 20\% of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are considered to have a Good/Very Good outcome in adulthood. Variables affecting long‐term prognosis include IQ, development of some useful language by age 5 or 6, severity of autistic symptoms, early intervention, and access to support networks in adulthood. Specific concerns for adults with ASD are mental health, mortality and life expectancy, deterioration with age, and what constitutes a good quality of life.
Issues and Interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorders During Adolescence and Beyond
Authors: Koegel Lynn Kern , Koegel Robert L. , Miller Amber R. , Detar Whitney J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) can benefit from interventions beyond early childhood. In middle school and high school, effective interventions include priming, motivational procedures to improve academic performance, self‐management, video modeling, and peer mediated interventions. In adulthood, individuals with ASD benefit from supported employment opportunities and access to higher education. Further research should be conducted on using video modeling to teach real‐life skills such as social conversation, friendship making, self‐presentation, and daily living.
Social Development in Autism
Authors: Davis Naomi Ornstein , Carter Alice S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSocial dysfunction is a hallmark, if not the hallmark, of autism. In typical development, infants develop immediate social relationships with caregivers, starting with basic skills such as eye gaze and social smiling. In autism, basic social behaviors (specifically eye gaze, imitation, and joint attention) are impaired. However, results from across studies indicate that many individuals with autism can learn these social skills in response to appropriate interventions. Further research is needed to explain the social behaviors for an individual and ways to facilitate growth.
Imitation in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Vivanti Giacomo , Hamilton Antonia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractImitation plays a central role in social and cognitive development. A substantial number of studies have documented differences in the way individuals with autism imitate others. These differences include a reduced frequency of spontaneous imitation and a diminished accuracy of imitative performance. Abnormalities are more pronounced with imitation tasks involving actions that are unfamiliar and do not have a clear goal. Moreover, imitation performance appears to decrease as the social‐processing and motor demands in the task increase. The nature, causes, and treatment of imitation differences in ASD are discussed.
Neuropsychological Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Tsatsanis Katherine D. , Powell Kelly 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOne unequivocal characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is phenotypic heterogeneity. Clinical work and research concerning neuropsychological profiles in ASD reveal uneven profiles, with specific assets and deficits both across and within domains of function. Learning pathways or cognitive profiles of individuals with ASD will have unique characteristics. Treatment approaches may be enhanced when the core areas of strength and vulnerability are identified and evaluated across stages of development. An appreciation of the neuropsychological characteristics of ASD may be relevant not only to studies of pathogenesis, but also to enhancing understanding of how the individual acquires and processes information and in turn forms an internal representation of the world.
Autism and Emotion
Authors: Hobson R. Peter 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the first description of the syndrome of autism, Kanner (1943) considered that “disturbances of affective contact” are central to the disorder. This idea has received fresh interest with the recognition that cognitive theories of autism fail to deal with important aspects of the children's limitations in personal relatedness. The challenge is to specify and then measure what affect perception and expression as well as “affective contact” entail, to determine what is missing or unusual in these respects among children with autism, and to trace the developmental implications, not least for the growth of self‐awareness.
Sensory Features in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Baranek Grace T. , Little Lauren M. , Diane Parham L. , Ausderau Karla K. , Sabatos‐DeVito Maura G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSensory features (i.e., unusual behavioral responses to sensory stimuli) are highly prevalent and heterogeneous across individuals with ASD. From a developmental perspective, sensory response patterns are associated with and have cascading effects on other core symptoms in ASD. Burgeoning research using novel technologies is beginning to uncover the nature and pathogenesis of these features. As sensory issues often demonstrate a functional impact on adaptive behavior, social participation, and well‐being, it is important that the evidence base for clinical interventions continues to grow.
Biochemical Biomarkers for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Anderson George M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBiochemical biomarker studies of ASD individuals have been undertaken in order to identify biochemical alterations that might advance the understanding of the atypical neurodevelopment seen in ASD. In addition, there is the promise that biochemical biomarkers might be useful in predicting risk and in subtyping. Most of the studies to date have examined neurochemical biomarkers related to neural transmission in the central and peripheral nervous systems. We first deal with neurochemical studies measuring levels of neurotransmitters, their metabolites, and associated enzymes in blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Separate sections cover serotonin, dopamine, and stress response systems (including the central noradrenergic, sympathoadrenomedullary, and hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis systems). Following sections review research on melatonin, sex hormones, neuropeptides including oxytocin, amino acids and acetylcholine, purines and related compounds, immune‐related measures, oxidative stress/redox status, and “omics” research.
The Neuropathology of Autism
Authors: Casanova Manuel F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe multitude of neuropathological results in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) should be critically assessed taking into consideration the use of medications, comorbidities, and the agonal/preagonal condition of the patients. The often‐quoted Purkinje cell loss, in many cases, may be a reactive phenomenon to seizures and/or usage of anticonvulsant medications. There is, however, a convergence of clinical and neuropathological evidence that indicates developmental abnormalities of the cerebral cortex in ASD. The presence of heterotopias, laminar effacement, and a minicolumnopathy suggest irregularities both of germinal cell divisions and in the subsequent migration of daughter cells. Clinical heterogeneity may be dictated by variability in the interplay between exogenous factors, genetic vulnerability, and the timing during brain development that frame the action of the multifactorial components.
Medical Care in Autism and Related Conditions
Authors: Volkmar Fred R. , Rowberry Justin , Vinck‐Baroody Oana De , R. Gupta Abha , Leung Jennifer , Meyers Judith , Vaswani Nita , Wiesner Lisa A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBy its very nature autism poses significant challenges for provision of health care. These arise from the individual with autism, from a complex and often fragmented health care system, and from a lack of information on the part of health care providers. For persons with autism, the long‐term goal is to help the individual participate as much as possible in the process of getting good health care and leading a healthy lifestyle. To this end there is an emphasis on preventive care, use of the medical home model, and attention to medical problems more frequently associated with autism.
Comprehensive Treatment Models for Children and Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Odom Samuel L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Comprehensive treatment models (CTMs) have a long history as sources for intervention, therapeutic, and educational services for children and youth with ASD and their families. The original models have evolved and new CTMs have been developed based on a variety of theoretical and conceptual frameworks. While great emphasis is still placed on operationalization, a greater awareness of the need for accurate measurement of fidelity and implementation has emerged. Replications or utilizations of CTMs may well increase in the future through the more accurate measurement of implementation and the lessons currently being learned from the broader field of implementation science. Accompanying such increases is the continued need for examinations of efficacy of CTMs by the purveyor and the evaluation of scaled‐up implementation of CTMs by researchers other than the purveyor. Such evidence will strengthen the argument for adoption of CTMs by programs for use in everyday practice, although adoption will also be influenced by community and sociopolitical contexts.
Supporting Mainstream Educational Success
Authors: Simmons Elizabeth Schoen , Lanter Elizabeth , Lyons Megan C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGiven the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder and significant policy changes to special education legislation, upwards of half of students with ASD will be educated in a mainstream setting. The heterogeneity of this population requires educators and specialists to be knowledgeable on a variety of instructional supports and interventions to meet these learners' diverse needs. These strategies range from traditional behaviorally based interventions to more contemporary approaches involving technology. Utilizing these available supports provides access to the curriculum, typically developing peer models, and ultimately improved likelihood of academic success for students with autism spectrum disorder.
Relative thoracic changes from supine to upright patient position: A proton collaborative group study
Authors: Marano Joseph , Kissick Michael W. , Underwood Tracy S. A. , Laub Steven J. , Lis Michelle , Schreuder Andries N. , Kreydick Brad , Pankuch Mark 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study presents position changes of a few radiotherapy‐relevant thoracic organs between upright and typical supine patient orientations. Using tools in a commercial treatment planning system (TPS), key anatomical distances were measured for four‐dimensional CT data sets and analyzed for the two patient orientations. The uncertainty was calculated as the 95% confidence interval (CI) on the relative difference for each of the four analyzed changes for upright relative to supine, as follows: the distance of the bottom of the heart to the top of the sternum, it changed +2.6% or +4 mm (95% CI [+0.30%,+4.9%]); the distance of the center of the C3 vertebra to the backrest, it changed +29% (95% CI [+22%,+36%]); the contoured left and right lungs increased their volumes respectively: +17% (95% CI [+12%,+21%]) for the left, and +9.9% (95% CI [+4.1%,+16%]); and lastly, the distance from the top of the sternum to the top of the liver, but its uncertainty far exceeded the average change by a factor of two. This last result is therefore inconclusive, the others show that with 95% confidence that a change in internal positions is observed for lung volumes and heart position that could be important for upright treatments.
Therapeutic targeting ofALSpathways: Refocusing an incomplete picture
Authors: Maragakis Nicholas J. , de Carvalho Mamede , Weiss Michael D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNumerous potential amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)‐relevant pathways have been hypothesized and studied preclinically, with subsequent translation to clinical trial. However, few successes have been observed with only modest effects. Along with an improved but incomplete understanding of ALS as a neurodegenerative disease is the evolution of more sophisticated and diverse in vitro and in vivo preclinical modeling platforms, as well as clinical trial designs. We highlight proposed pathological pathways that have been major therapeutic targets for investigational compounds. It is likely that the failures of so many of these therapeutic compounds may not have occurred because of lack of efficacy but rather because of a lack of preclinical modeling that would help define an appropriate disease pathway, as well as a failure to establish target engagement. These challenges are compounded by shortcomings in clinical trial design, including lack of biomarkers that could predict clinical success and studies that are underpowered. Although research investments have provided abundant insights into new ALS‐relevant pathways, most have not yet been developed more fully to result in clinical study. In this review, we detail some of the important, well‐established pathways, the therapeutics targeting them, and the subsequent clinical design. With an understanding of some of the shortcomings in translational efforts over the last three decades of ALS investigation, we propose that scientists and clinicians may choose to revisit some of these therapeutic pathways reviewed here with an eye toward improving preclinical modeling, biomarker development, and the investment in more sophisticated clinical trial designs.
Expanding the Perovskite Periodic Table to Include Chalcogenide Alloys with Tunable Band Gap Spanning 1.5–1.9 eV
Authors: Sadeghi Ida , Van Sambeek Jack , Simonian Tigran , Xu Michael , Ye Kevin , Cai Tao , Nicolosi Valeria , LeBeau James M. , Jaramillo Rafael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOptoelectronic technologies are based on families of semiconductor alloys. It is rare that a new semiconductor alloy family is developed to the point where epitaxial growth is possible; since the 1950s, this has happened approximately once per decade. Herein, this work demonstrates epitaxial thin film growth of semiconducting chalcogenide perovskite alloys in the Ba‐Zr‐S‐Se system by gas‐source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). This work stabilizes the full range y = 0 − 3 of compositions BaZrS(3‐y)Sey in the perovskite structure. The resulting films are environmentally stable and the direct band gap (Eg) varies strongly with Se content, as predicted by theory, with Eg = 1.9 − 1.5 eV for y =  0 − 3. This creates possibilities for visible and near‐infrared (VIS–NIR) optoelectronics, solid‐state lighting, and solar cells using chalcogenide perovskites.
Carbon‐Dot‐Mediated Highly Efficient Visible‐Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Coupled with Organic Oxidation
Authors: Chen Qitao , Liu Yanhong , Mao Baodong , Wu Zhenyu , Yan Weicheng , Zhang Dongxu , Li Qian , Huang Hui , Kang Zhenhui , Shi Weidong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhotocatalytic hydrogen evolution coupled with organic oxidation reaction is a promising alternative to water splitting, where the efficiency is limited due to the weak correlation between charge separation and surface redox reactions. Here, employing nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) for hole extraction, NiPc‐modified carbon dots (CDs) are combined with Cu–In–Zn–S quantum dots (CIZS QDs) toward a profound understanding of electron/hole extraction and surface proton generation and reduction. The optimal hydrogen evolution rate reaches 4.10 mmol g−1 h−1 for CIZS/NiPc–CDs with l‐ascorbic acid for hole consumption, 8.10 times to that of CIZS QDs, which is further promoted to 11.12 mmol g−1 h−1 under electron/hole coextraction with Ni2+ introduction. For benzyl‐alcohol‐oxidation‐coupled H2 evolution, this strategy shows a more dramatic activity enhancement (19.54 times), which is also appliable to methanol‐ or furfuryl‐alcohol‐oxidation coupling systems with state‐of‐the‐art activities. Transient photovoltage spectroscopy and apparent kinetics analysis indicate, for the first time, a light‐induced electrocatalysis effect consistent with the Volmer–Heyrovsky process, which establishes a quasiquantitative basis for balancing charge extraction and surface reactions.
Cationic–Anionic Redox Chemistry in Multivalent Metal‐Ion Batteries: Recent Advances, Reaction Mechanism, Advanced Characterization Techniques, and Prospects
Authors: Xue Xiaolan , Huang Tianlong , Zhang Yang , Qi Jiqiu , Wei Fuxiang , Sui Yanwei , Jin Zhong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRechargeable multivalent metal‐ion batteries (MMIBs) have garnered a surge of attention as competitive candidates for large‐scale energy storage applications owing to their high capacity, abundant resources, and good security. However, their practical implementation is still stuck at the prototype stage, mainly plagued with the lack of suitable cathode materials capable of reversible insertion/extraction of multivalent ions and the intrinsically complicated redox reaction mechanism. Recently, anionic redox chemistry has shown to be an effective strategy to increase energy density, providing a new research direction for the next generation of high‐energy rechargeable batteries. Unfortunately, anion redox chemistry has not received sufficient attention in MMIBs so far. Here, the fundamental principle and mechanism of anionic redox reactions in MMIBs are discussed and the recent advances regarding cathode materials based on cooperative cationic–anionic redox (CCAR) mechanism are summarized. Additionally, various advanced characterization techniques for studying the anionic redox process are highlighted, aiming to effectively illustrate the underlying reaction mechanism. Finally, challenges and perspectives for the future research on cationic–anionic redox chemistry in MMIBs are proposed. Insight into the significance of CCAR chemistry is provided here in MMIBs, presenting a new avenue for the development of high‐energy‐density cathode materials for MMIBs.