bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theory of Center‐Line Slope in 2D Electronic Spectroscopy with Static Disorder
Authors: Sun Zong‐Hao , Yao Yi‐Xuan , Ai Qing , Cheng Yuan‐Chung 
Published: August 2023

Abstract2D electronic spectroscopy (2DES) is a powerful tool for investigating the dynamics of complex systems. However, analyzing the resulting spectra can be challenging, and thus may require the use of theoretical modeling techniques. The center‐line slope (CLS) method is one of such approaches, which aims to extract the time correlation function (TCF) from 2DES with minimal error. Since static disorder is widely observed in complex systems, it may be interesting to ask whether the CLS approach still work in the presence of the static disorder. In this paper, the effect of the static disorder on the TCF obtained through the CLS method is investigated. It is found that the steady‐state value of the CLS increases monotonically with respect to the static disorder, which suggests that the amplitude of the static disorder can be determined using the CLS in the long‐time limit. Additionally, as the static disorder rises, the decay rate of the CLS first decreases to a certain value and remains at this value until the static disorder is sufficiently large. Afterward, the CLS begins to fluctuate significantly and thus results in obtaining the decay rate through the CLS method unreliable. Based on these discoveries, the authors propose a method to fix the error and obtain the TCF. The findings may pave the way for obtaining reliable system‐bath information by analyzing 2DES in the practical situations.
Evaluating methodological parameters to quantify particle size of organic soil material with laser diffraction
Authors: Colopietro Daniel J. , Pachon Julio , Bacon Allan , Inglett Patrick , Reynolds Laura , Rohal Christine 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe recognition that texture is a “master soil property” points toward the need for actual quantification of particle size in organic soil material. Using a multi‐wave particle size analyzer, fibric and sapric soil samples were circulated in deionized water through a closed aqueous loop at 9.6 L min−1, and the following methodological parameters were investigated: pre‐treatment, circulation time, and refractive index. Our results show that pre‐treatment for organic soil samples is dependent upon the degree of decomposition; the intact and dispersed PSDs for fibrous samples were similiar, whereas the PSDs for sapric samples showed a shift from 500–2000 (intact) μm to 5–100 (dispersed) μm. Circulation time was investigated using mean particle diameter and specific surface area. We demonstrated that as circulation time increased, the mean particle diameter decreased and the specific surface area increased out to 30 min as mechanical dispersion and/or fragmentation of organic particles occurred. However, circulation time after 5 min is not significantly different in terms of mean particle diameter. To investigate refractive index, 12 optical models were created. When determined across all intact samples, uncertainty was low within individual bins, with a maximum value of 0.07 ± 0.04% v/v. For dispersed samples, uncertainty increased within the silt sized region and had a maximum value of 0.17 ± 0.07% v/v. This study demonstrates that the particle diameter of organic soil material can be measured by LD with comparable certainty as that of mineral soil material using the methodological approach used in this study.
An ImprovedD2GAN‐based oversampling algorithm for imbalanced data classification
Authors: Zhao Xiaoqiang , Yao Qinglei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo address the problems of pattern collapse, uncontrollable data generation and high overlap rate when generative adversarial network (GAN) oversamples imbalanced data, we propose an imbalanced data oversampling algorithm based on improved dual discriminator generative adversarial nets (D2GAN). First, we integrate the positive class attribute information into the generator and the discriminator to ensure that the generator only generates the samples for positive class samples, which overcomes the problem of uncontrollable data generation by the generator. Second, we introduce a classifier into D2GAN for discriminating the generated samples and the original data, which avoids the overlap among the generated samples and the negative class samples, and ensures the diversity of the generated samples, the problem of pattern collapse is solved. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated on 9 datasets by using SVM and neural network classification algorithm for oversampling experiments, the results show that the proposed algorithm effectively improve the classification performance of imbalanced data.
Catalysing sustainable development through regional food system governance: Strengthening the translation of regional food system policy guidance to national level in the Pacific
Authors: Patay Dori , Ravuvu Amerita , Iese Viliamu , Wilson Dorah , Mauli Seno , Maelaua Josephine , Reeve Erica , Farmery Anna , Farrell Penny , Johnson Ellen , Thow Anne Marie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecent food system shocks and increasing climate change exposures highlight the urgency of strengthening food systems at different scales, including global, regional and national, to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. This paper investigated opportunities to strengthen the translation of regional food system policy guidance to the national level in the Pacific Island region. We applied a theory‐informed, empirical study design, based on interview data. We found that inadequate regional–national translation of food system policy guidance arises from (i) competing demands on limited resources, exacerbated by challenges of financing multisectoral initiatives; (ii) often weak regional–national dialogue; and (iii) perceived tension of economic, social and environmental priorities in dominant policy paradigms. These barriers may be addressed by establishing a regional food system governance structure and accountability mechanisms as well as a paradigm shift to balance focus between food system priorities. Current drives to implementNational Food System Transformation Pathwaysmay provide necessary impetus to realise these opportunities.
Development of a Cyanide‐free and Scalable Route for the ADAMTS‐5 Inhibitor GLPG1972: Synthesis of an Advanced Key Chiral Intermediate
Authors: Kumar G Charan , S Anusooya , Rajendra Gaikwad , Ganesh Krithika , Selvaraj Ramaraj , Rajulu G Govinda , Sambasivam Ganesh , Karthik C S 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study we report a mild, efficient, scalable, cyanide‐free and environmentally‐benign procedure for synthesizing 5,5‐disubstituted hydantoins starting from alkylnitriles and diethyl carbonate. Synthesis of 5,5‐disubstituted hydantoins is typically carried out under harsh conditions with transition metal catalysts that are not preferable from a sustainability perspective. This procedure illustrates an elegant cyanide‐free synthesis of cyclopropyl‐substituted 5,5‐hydantoins starting from alkylnitriles that circumvent cyanide reagents. This process holds great synthetic relevance owing to the great potential shown by 5,5‐cyclopropyl substituted hydantoins towards treating human osteoarthritis.
From Li to Na: Exploratory Analysis of Fe‐Based Phosphates Polyanion‐Type Cathode Materials by Mn Substitution
Authors: Chen Yilong , Zeng Guifan , Zhang Baodan , Chen Leiyu , Yin Jianhua , Yan Yawen , Zhang Haitang , Zhu Yuanlong , Yu Xiaoyu , Fang Kai , Liu Tingting , Kuai Xiaoxiao , Qiao Yu , Sun Shi‐Gang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBoth LiFePO4(LFP) and NaFePO4(NFP) are phosphate polyanion‐type cathode materials, which have received much attention due to their low cost and high theoretical capacity. Substitution of manganese (Mn) elements for LFP/NFP materials can improve the electrochemical properties, but the connection between local structural changes and electrochemical behaviors after Mn substitution is still not clear. This study not only achieves improvements in energy density of LFP and cyclic stability of NFP through Mn substitution, but also provides an in‐depth analysis of the structural evolutions induced by the substitution. Among them, the substitution of Mn enables LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4to achieve a high energy density of 535.3 Wh kg−1, while NaFe0.7Mn0.3PO4exhibits outstanding cyclability with 89.6% capacity retention after 250 cycles. Specifically, Mn substitution broadens the ion‐transport channels, improving the ion diffusion coefficient. Moreover, LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4maintains a more stable single‐phase transition during the charge/discharge process. The transition of NaFe0.7Mn0.3PO4to the amorphous phase is avoided, which can maintain structural stability and achieve better electrochemical performance. With systematic analysis, this research provides valuable guidance for the subsequent design of high‐performance polyanion‐type cathodes.
High‐Energy‐Density Cathode Achieved via the Activation of a Three‐Electron Reaction in Sodium Manganese Vanadium Phosphate for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Yuxiang , Li Qingping , Wang Peng , Liao Xiangyue , Chen Ji , Zhang Xiaoqin , Zheng Qiaoji , Lin Dunmin , Lam Kwok‐ho 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSodium superionic conductor (NASICON)‐type Na3V2(PO4)3 has attracted considerable interest owing to its stable three‐dimensional framework and high operating voltage; however, it suffers from a low‐energy density due to the poor intrinsic electronic conductivity and limited redox couples. Herein, the partial substitution of Mn3+ for V3+ in Na3V2(PO4)3 is proposed to activate V4+/V5+ redox couple for boosting energy density of the cathodes (Na3V2‒xMnx(PO4)3). With the introduction of Mn3+ into Na3V2(PO4)3, the band gap is significantly reduced by 1.406 eV and thus the electronic conductivity is greatly enhanced. The successive conversions of four stable oxidation states (V2+/V3+, V3+/V4+, and V4+/V5+) are also successfully achieved in the voltage window of 1.4–4.0 V, corresponding to three electrons involved in the reversible reaction. Consequently, the cathode with x = 0.5 exhibits a high reversible discharge capacity of 170.9 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C with an ultrahigh energy density of 577 Wh kg−1. Ex‐situ x‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that the sodium‐storage mechanism for Mn‐doped Na3V2(PO4)3 consists of single‐phase and bi‐phase reactions. This work deepens the understanding of the activation of reversible three‐electron reaction in NASICON‐structured polyanionic phosphates and provides a feasible strategy to develop high‐energy‐density cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries.
Sol–Gel Barium Titanate Nanohole Array as a Nonlinear Metasurface and a Photonic Crystal
Authors: Talts Ülle‐Linda , Weigand Helena C. , Saerens Grégoire , Benedek Peter , Winiger Joel , Wood Vanessa , Leuthold Jürg , Vogler‐Neuling Viola , Grange Rachel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe quest of a nonlinear optical material that can be easily nanostructured over a large surface area is still ongoing. Here, we demonstrate a nanoimprinted nonlinear barium titanate 2D nanohole array that shows the optical properties of a 2D photonic crystal and a metasurface, depending on the direction of the optical axis. The challenge of nanostructuring the inert metal‐oxide is resolved by direct soft nanoimprint lithography with sol–gel derived barium titanate enabling critical dimensions of 120 nm with aspect ratios of five. The nanohole array exhibits a photonic bandgap in the infrared range when probed along the slab axis, while lattice resonant states are observed in out‐of‐plane transmission configuration. The enhanced light‐matter interaction from the resonant structure enables to increase in the second‐harmonic generation in the near‐ultraviolet by a factor of 18 illustrating the potential in the flexible fabrication technique for barium titanate photonic devices.
Automatic refactoring of conditions and substitutions for B state transition models
Authors: Cai Cheng‐Hao , Sun Jing , Dobbie Gillian 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThe automation of programming, which lies at the intersection of software engineering and artificial intelligence, enables machines to automatically generate programs that satisfy given requirements. In the context of B formal design modeling, one of the challenges is the refactoring of substitutions in design specifications, which often uses state transitions to describe how program or system statuses change during execution. This paper proposes a condition and substitution refactoring algorithm for the B formal specification language. The aim of the work is to automatically derive B operational predicates based on given transitions. The work has been extremely useful to machine‐driven formal design model repair as well as automated design specification generation. Given a set of state transitions, common relations of their state variables can be discovered and clustered into a number of classes. These relations can be further used to synthesize substitutions that derive new states from existing states. To restrict application domains of the synthesized substitutions, conditions that guard these substitutions are generated using first‐order logic. We have implemented the proposed algorithm as an extension to the ProB model checker. Experiments were conducted based on the B model public dataset. The evaluation results demonstrated that our solution is able to synthesize conditions and substitutions for various sets of state transitions in a wide range of B models.
Use of annatto dye extraction residue as additive in the cassava starch composite foam tray
Authors: Aguilar Guilherme José , Tapia‐Blácido Delia Rita 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPigment extraction from annatto seed results in large amounts of by‐products (~97%) and residual carotenoid content. In this work, composite foam trays containing 90:10 (10AR), 80:20 (20AR), and 70:30 (30AR) cassava starch: annatto residue (AR) ratios were prepared by thermopressing. The physical–chemical properties, thermal stability, antioxidant activity, and biodegradability of the composite foam trays and cassava starch foam tray (control) were measured and compared. High AR ratio (20AR and 30AR) yielded thicker (2.1–2.3 mm), denser (0.72–0.74 g/cm3), and less porous (32.5–33%) composite foam trays than the control due to incomplete cassava starch gelatinization and the presence of fibers, lipids, and proteins in AR. Thus, the composite foam trays had lower mechanical resistance (0.4–0.8 MPa) and elongation (0.4%–0.7%) than the control (2.9 MPa and 1.5%). However, addition of high AR ratio increased the foam tray resistance to water and yielded colorful foam trays with antioxidant property as measured by DPPH• (0.11 to 0.52 μM TE/100 g) and ABTS•+ (7.86–53.77 μM TE/100 g). Increasing the AR ratio in the composite foam tray delayed the biodegradation time by 17 days as compared to the control, but all the foam trays were more biodegradable than EPS. Therefore, AR has potential use in the production of bioactive composite foam trays.
Effect of β‐nucleating agents on the crystallization behavior and force‐electric properties of the polypropylene blends
Authors: Gao Junguo , Jiang Qiyuan , Yao Ziheng , Ju Huicheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPolypropylene blends with different crystalline shapes were prepared to explore the effect of crystalline structure on the force and electrical properties of polypropylene‐elastomer blends and the mechanism of influence. The crystallization behaviors of the blends were characterized by x‐ray diffraction (XRD), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The mechanical and dielectric properties of the blends were tested to find the correspondence between crystallization characteristics and properties. The results show that the addition of the β‐nucleating agent changes the crystalline shape of PP blends from α to β crystalline, significantly reduces the crystallite size of the blends, and significantly improves the crystallinity of the blends by forming dense crystalline regions embedded in each other. The appropriate amount of the β‐nucleating agent facilitates thermal vibration between electrons and lattice and hinders the carrier migration, significantly reducing the conductivity and increasing the breakdown field strength from 84.81 to 102.30 kV/mm.HighlightsThe β nucleating agents can alleviate the defects of polypropylene's excessive rigidity and effectively improve the mechanical properties of polypropylene blends.Appropriate amount of the β nucleating agent can significantly improve the electrical properties of polypropylene blends.The addition of the β nucleating agent can significantly improve the crystallinity of the blends and construct the dense crystalline region of the interlock.The small size of the crystals improves the breakdown properties of the polymer by increasing the energy exchange between the electrons and the lattice, which mitigates the impact of high‐energy electrons on the polymer.
Visualising Safety
Authors: Le Coze Jean-Christophe , Reiman Teemu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSafety research and practice has struggled with how to describe, define and represent safety in order to improve understanding or to communicate its importance. Though visual representations are widely used, little research on visualisation and its impact has been undertaken. We provide a brief overview of existing work in this area, in areas including cognitive engineering and ethnography, and provide an introduction to the chapters that constitute this volume on the visualisation of safety.
Network Visualisation in Supply Chain Quality and Safety Assurance of a Nuclear Power Plant Construction Project
Authors: Viitanen Kaupo , Reiman Teemu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSupply chain quality and safety assurance aims to proactively create and maintain prerequisites for nuclear safety in the supply chain. An important task is being aware of the structure of the entire supply chain and how it affects safety. In this chapter, the authors describe how a network visualisation method was developed and used in supply chain quality and safety assurance of a nuclear power plant construction project.
Drawings, Posters and Metaphors in Safety Science: Some Historical Remarks
Authors: Swuste Paul , Schmitz Peter , van Nunen Karolien , Reniers Genserik 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSafety visualisations and their influences on safety concepts are presented. Visualisations like safety posters show a clear message of fear and guilt. This changes after World War II, due to a more tolerant atmosphere. Latent, organisational factors as decisive elements of accident processes appear in visualisations. An example shows a method to follow accident scenarios in real time.
Visualising for Safety or Visualisation of Safety?
Authors: Hollnagel Erik 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis chapter considers whether it is possible to visualise safety as a word, a construct, or a concept. It analyses both the instrumental approach of visualising for safety (the use of visual means as a help to make systems safe) and the ontological issue of visualisation of safety (the use of visual means to show what safety is). It is suggested that the answer depends on whether safety is defined as the absence of unacceptable outcomes (Safety-I) or as the presence of acceptable outcomes (Safety-II).
Anticipating Risk (and Opportunity): A Control Theoretic Perspective on Visualization and Safety
Authors: Flach John M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA central challenge in designing stable control systems is to identify the states that must be fed back to enable successful control. The quality of control (including safety) depends on our ability to visualize the state space underlying the functional dynamics of the work being managed. Building concrete visualizations is both a useful tool for knowledge elicitation with domain experts to discover the meaningful functional work constraints that determine this state space, and an essential part of interface design to support safe work in complex systems.
A sensitivity study of triboson production processes to dimension-6 EFT operators at the LHC
Authors: Bellan R. , Bhattacharya S. , Boldrini G. , Cetorelli F. , Govoni P. , Massironi A. , Mecca A. , Tarricone C. , Vagnerini A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We present the first parton-level study of anomalous effects in triboson production in both fully and semi-leptonic channels in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The sensitivity to anomalies induced by a minimal set of bosonic dimension-6 operators from the Warsaw basis is evaluated with specific analyses for each final state. A likelihood-based strategy is employed to assess the most sensitive kinematic observables per channel, where the contribution of Effective Field Theory operators is parameterized at either the linear or quadratic level. The impact of the mutual interference terms of pairs of operators on the sensitivity is also examined. This benchmark study explores the complementarity and overlap in sensitivity between different triboson measurements and paves the way for future analyses at the LHC experiments. The statistical combination of the considered final states allows setting stringent bounds on five bosonic Wilson coefficients.
A microscopic model of black hole evaporation in two dimensions
Authors: Gaikwad Adwait , Kaushal Anurag , Mandal Gautam , Wadia Spenta R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We present a microscopic model of black hole (BH) ‘evaporation’ in asymptotically AdS2 spacetimes dual to the low energy sector of the SYK model. To describe evaporation, the SYK model is coupled to a bath comprising of Nf free scalar fields Φi. We consider a linear combination of couplings of the form OSY K(t)∑iΦi(0, t), where OSY K involves products of the Kourkoulou-Maldacena operator $$ iJ/N{\sum}_{k=1}^{N/2}{s}_k^{\prime }{\psi}_{2k-1}(t){\psi}_{2k}(t) $$
iJ
/
N

∑

k
=
1

N
/
2

s
k
′

ψ

2
k
−
1

t

ψ

2
k

t

specified by a spin vector s′. We discuss the time evolution of a product of (i) a pure state of the SYK system, namely a BH microstate characterized by a spin vector s and an effective BH temperature TBH, and (ii) a Calabrese-Cardy state of the bath characterized by an effective temperature Tbath. We take Tbath ≪ TBH, and TBH much lower than the characteristic UV scale J of the SYK model, allowing a description in terms of the time reparameterization mode. Tracing over the bath degrees of freedom leads to a Feynman-Vernon type effective action for the SYK model, which we study in the low energy limit. The leading large N behaviour of the time reparameterization mode is found, as well as the $$ O\left(1/\sqrt{N}\right) $$
O

1
/

N

fluctuations. The latter are characterized by a non-Markovian non-linear stochastic differential equation with non-local Gaussian noise. In a restricted range of couplings, we find two classes of solutions which asymptotically approach (a) a BH at a lower temperature, and (b) a horizonless geometry. We identify these with partial and complete BH evaporation, respectively. Importantly, the asymptotic solution in both cases involves the scalar product of the spin vectors s.s′, which carries some information about the initial state. By repeating the dynamical process O(N2) times with different choices of the spin vector s′, one can in principle reconstruct the initial BH microstate.