bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive health treatment priorities and preferences among young people with mental illness: The your mind, your choice survey
Authors: Bryce Shayden , Cheng Nicholas , Dalton Alex , Ojinnaka Angelica , Stainton Alexandra , Zbukvic Isabel , Ratheesh Aswin , O'Halloran Chris , Uren Jacquie , Gates Jesse , Daglas‐Georgiou Rothanthi , Wood Stephen J. , Allott Kelly 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimCognitive impairments negatively impact the everyday functioning of young people with mental illness. However, no previous study has asked young people (1) how much of a priority cognitive functioning is within mental health treatment, and (2) what types of cognition‐focused treatments are most appealing. The current study aimed to address these questions.MethodsYour Mind, Your Choice was a survey‐based study involving an Australian sample of young people who were receiving mental health treatment. The survey asked participants to (1) provide demographic and mental health history, (2) rate the importance of 20 recovery domains, including cognition, when receiving mental health treatment, (3) share their experiences of cognitive functioning, and (4) rate their likelihood of trying 14 different behavioural, biochemical, and physical treatments that may address cognitive functioning.ResultsTwo‐hundred and forty‐three participants (Mage = 20.07, SD = 3.25, range = 15–25, 74% female) completed the survey. Participants reported that addressing cognitive functioning in mental health care was very important (M = 76.33, SD = 20.7, rated on a scale from 0 = not important to 100 = extremely important), ranking cognition among their top six treatment needs. Seventy percent of participants reported experiencing cognitive difficulties, but less than one‐third had received treatment for these difficulties. Compensatory training, sleep interventions and psychoeducation were ranked as treatments that participants were most likely to try to support their cognitive functioning.ConclusionsYoung people with mental ill‐health commonly experience cognitive difficulties and would like this to be a focus of treatment; however, this need is often unmet and should be a focus of research and implementation.
Tobacco smoking, second‐hand smoking exposure in relation to psychotic‐like experiences in adolescents
Authors: Wang Dongfang , Ma Zijuan , Fan Yunge , Chen Huilin , Sun Meng , Fan Fang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevious literature supports that tobacco smoking and second‐hand smoking (SHS) exposure were strongly associated with poor mental health in the general population. However, there is a lack of empirical data on the relationship between tobacco smoking, SHS exposure and psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs). This study conducted a cross‐sectional survey to explore PLEs and the associations of PLEs with tobacco smoking and SHS exposure among adolescents in China.MethodsA total sample of 67 182 Chinese adolescents were recruited from Guangdong province in China (53.7% boys, mean age = 12.79 years) from December 17 to 26, 2021. All adolescents have completed self‐reported questionnaires on demographic characteristics, smoking status, SHS exposure and PLEs.ResultsWithin the sample, only 1.2% of participants had an experience of tobacco smoking while approximately three‐fifths reported being exposed to SHS. 10.7% of adolescents reported frequent PLEs over the past month. Adolescents who smoked showed a higher prevalence of PLEs than in non‐smoking samples. After controlling for confounders, SHS exposure was a robust risk factor for PLEs with or without the effect of tobacco smoking.DiscussionThese findings support the importance of smoke‐free legislation, and anti‐smoking measures in educational settings directed at both adolescents and their caregiver, which may decrease occurring rates of PLEs among adolescents.
Pushed to the edge: Spatial sorting can slow down invasions
Authors: Shaw Allison K. , Lutscher Frithjof , Popovic Lea 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOur ability to understand population spread dynamics is complicated by rapid evolution, which renders simple ecological models insufficient. If dispersal ability evolves, more highly dispersive individuals may arrive at the population edge than less dispersive individuals (spatial sorting), accelerating spread. If individuals at the low‐density population edge benefit (escape competition), high dispersers have a selective advantage (spatial selection). These two processes are often described as forming a positive feedback loop; they reinforce each other, leading to faster spread. Although spatial sorting is close to universal, this form of spatial selection is not: low densities can be detrimental for organisms with Allee effects. Here, we present two conceptual models to explore the feedback loops that form between spatial sorting and spatial selection. We show that the presence of an Allee effect can reverse the positive feedback loop between spatial sorting and spatial selection, creating a negative feedback loop that slows population spread.
Spontaneous fast‐ultradian dynamics of polymorphic interictal events in drug‐resistant focal epilepsy
Authors: Dellavale Damián , Bonini Francesca , Pizzo Francesca , Makhalova Julia , Wendling Fabrice , Badier Jean‐Michel , Bartolomei Fabrice , Bénar Christian‐George 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe studied the rate dynamics of interictal events occurring over fast‐ultradian time scales, as commonly examined in clinics to guide surgical planning in epilepsy.MethodsStereo‐electroencephalography (SEEG) traces of 35 patients with good surgical outcome (Engel I) were analyzed. For this we developed a general data mining method aimed at clustering the plethora of transient waveform shapes including interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) and assessed the temporal fluctuations in the capability of mapping the epileptogenic zone (EZ) of each type of event.ResultsWe found that the fast‐ultradian dynamics of the IED rate may effectively impair the precision of EZ identification, and appear to occur spontaneously, that is, not triggered by or exclusively associated with a particular cognitive task, wakefulness, sleep, seizure occurrence, post‐ictal state, or antiepileptic drug withdrawal. Propagation of IEDs from the EZ to the propagation zone (PZ) could explain the observed fast‐ultradian fluctuations in a reduced fraction of the analyzed patients, suggesting that other factors like the excitability of the epileptogenic tissue could play a more relevant role. A novel link was found between the fast‐ultradian dynamics of the overall rate of polymorphic events and the rate of specific IEDs subtypes. We exploited this feature to estimate in each patient the 5 min interictal epoch for near‐optimal EZ and resected‐zone (RZ) localization. This approach produces at the population level a better EZ/RZ classification when compared to both (1) the whole time series available in each patient (p = .084 for EZ, p < .001 for RZ, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test) and (2) 5 min epochs sampled randomly from the interictal recordings of each patient (p < .05 for EZ, p < .001 for RZ, 105 random samplings).SignificanceOur results highlight the relevance of the fast‐ultradian IED dynamics in mapping the EZ, and show how this dynamics can be estimated prospectively to inform surgical planning in epilepsy.
Functional outcomes and associated factors of cerebral infarction and intracerebral hemorrhage in an area with aging populations in change over time: Evidence from the Akita Stroke Registry
Authors: Kudo Ikue , Sasaki Masahiro , Suzuki Akifumi , Ishikawa Tatsuya 
Published: May 2023

AimTo examine secular change in functional outcomes and associated factors of stroke in a rapidly aging region.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed cerebral infarction and intracerebral hemorrhage incidence registered cases in the Akita Stroke Registry from 1985 to 2014, divided into three of 10 years each. Functional outcome was defined as good with a modified Rankin scale score of 0–1 and poor with a score of 3–6 at discharge. Mixed effects logistic regression analysis with the location of medical facility as a random effects variable by disease type was used to examine the results.ResultsThere were 81 254 eligible patients (cerebral infarction: 58 217, intracerebral hemorrhage: 23 037). Age at onset increased over time in both diseases (cerebral infarction: median [interquartile range] age, 70 [63–77] years in 1985–1994 to 77 [69–83] years in 2005–2014; intracerebral hemorrhage: 64 [56–72] years in 1985–1994 to 72 [61–80] years in 2005–2014). Multivariate analysis showed that the odds ratio associated with good outcomes increased over time for cerebral infarction, and cerebral hemorrhage increased in periods 2 and 3 compared with period 1, but decreased from period 2 to period 3. For cerebral infarction, the odds ratios of prior diabetes associated with poor outcomes decreased over time.ConclusionThe age at onset increased over time. In cerebral infarction, functional outcomes improved over time, and the association between diabetes and poor outcome declined over time. It was speculated that these results were related to advances in the healthcare system and improved management of vascular risk factors during the study period. Intracerebral hemorrhage improved during the first 20 years, with no apparent improvement thereafter. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 486–492.
Reinforced medication adherence improvesHelicobacter pylorieradication rate in developing countries: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zeng Rong , Li Xiaomei , Wang Fangfei , Xie Jinliang , Song Conghua , Xie Yong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe eradication rate ofHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori) remains variable for the same eradication regime even in the identical region, especially in developing countries. Herein, we conducted a systematic review to assess the effect of reinforced medication adherence onH. pylorieradication rate in developing countries.Materials and MethodsA systematic review was conducted in literature databases to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception to March 2023. The core indicator was the changes in eradication rate after enhanced adherence. A meta‐analysis was performed to estimate the pooled relative risk (RR) or weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsNineteen RCTs that included a total of 3286 patients were assessed. The measures to enhance compliance were mainly through face‐to‐face communication, phone calls, text messages, and social software. Compared with the control group, patients received reinforced measures showed a better medication adherence (89.6% vs. 71.4%, RR = 1.26 95% CI: 1.16–1.37), higherH. pylorieradication rate (intention‐to‐treat analysis: 80.2% vs. 65.9%, RR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.12–1.31; per‐protocol analysis: 86.8% vs. 74.8%, RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.09–1.23), higher symptom relief rates (81.8% vs. 65.1%, RR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.09–1.38), higher degree of satisfaction (90.4% vs. 65.1%, RR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.19–1.35), higher disease knowledge rates (SMD = 1.82, 95% CI: 0.77–2.86,p = 0.0007), and lower incidence of total adverse events (27.3% vs. 34.7%, RR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.52–0.99).ConclusionBased on available evidence, reinforced medication adherence as a nonnegligible measure improvesH. pylorieradication rate in developing countries.
Recurrent PAK2 rearrangements in poroma with folliculo‐sebaceous differentiation
Authors: Kervarrec Thibault , Pissaloux Daniel , Paindavoine Sandrine , Tirode Franck , Osio Amélie , Mourah Samia , Jouenne Fanélie , Sohier Pierre , Calonje Eduardo , Pekar Agnes , Luna Evelyn Vanesa Erazo , Goto Keisuke , Delalande Flore , Frouin Eric , Macagno Nicolas , Drouot Françoise , Faisan Monique , Cribier Bernard , Battistella Maxime , de la Fouchardière Arnaud 
Published: May 2023

AimsPoroma is a benign adnexal neoplasm with differentiation towards the upper portion of the sweat gland apparatus. In 2019, Sekine et al. demonstrated recurrent YAP1::MAML2 and YAP1::NUTM1 fusion in poroma and porocarcinoma. Follicular, sebaceous and/or apocrine differentiation has been reported in rare cases of poroma and whether these tumours constitute a variant of poroma or represent a distinctive tumour is a matter to debate. Herein we describe the clinical, immunophenotypic, and molecular features of 13 cases of poroma with folliculo‐sebaceous differentiation.Methods and resultsMost of the tumours were located on the head and neck region (n = 7), and on the thigh (n = 3). All presented were adults with a slight male predilection. The median tumour size was 10 mm (range: 4–25). Microscopically, lesions displayed features of poroma with nodules of monotonous basophilic cells associated with a second population of larger eosinophilic cells. In all cases, ducts and scattered sebocytes were identified. Infundibular cysts were present in 10 cases. In two cases high mitotic activity was noted, and in three cases cytologic atypia and areas of necrosis were identified. Whole transcriptome RNA sequencing demonstrated in‐frame fusion transcripts involving RNF13::PAK2 (n = 4), EPHB3::PAK2 (n = 2), DLG1::PAK2 (n = 2), LRIG1::PAK2 (n = 1), ATP1B3::PAK2 (n = 1), TM9SF4::PAK2 (n = 1), and CTNNA1::PAK2 (n = 1). Moreover, fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis revealed PAK2 rearrangement in an additional case. No YAP1::MAML2 or YAP1::NUTM1 fusion was detected.ConclusionRecurrent fusions involving the PAK2 gene in all analysed poroma with folliculo‐sebaceous differentiation in this study confirms that this neoplasm represents a separate tumour entity distinct from YAP1::MAML2 or YAP1::NUTM1 rearranged poromas.
Ability of SpikoGen®, an Advax‐CpG adjuvanted recombinant spike protein vaccine, to induce cross‐neutralising antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 variants
Authors: Honda‐Okubo Yoshikazu , Antipov Anna , Andre Greiciely , Barati Saghar , Kafi Hamidreza , Petrovsky Nikolai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSpikoGen® vaccine is a subunit COVID‐19 vaccine expressed in insect cells comprising recombinant spike protein extracellular domain formulated with Advax‐CpG55.2™ adjuvant. A Phase 2 trial was conducted in 400 adult participants randomised 3:1 to receive two intramuscular doses of SpikoGen® vaccine or saline placebo 3 weeks apart. Some Phase 2 trial participants later enrolled in a separate booster study and received a third dose of SpikoGen® vaccine. This stored serum was used to assess the ability of SpikoGen® vaccine to induce cross‐neutralising antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern. Sera taken at baseline and 2 weeks after the second vaccine dose from baseline seronegative Phase 2 subjects was evaluated using a panel of spike pseudotype lentivirus neutralisation assays for the ability to cross‐neutralise a wide range of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, including Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.4/5. Stored samples of subjects who participated in both the 2‐dose Phase 2 trial and a third dose booster trial 6 months later were also analysed for changes in cross‐neutralising antibodies over time and dose. Two weeks after the second dose, sera broadly cross‐neutralised most variants of concern, albeit with titres against Omicron variants being ~10‐fold lower. While Omicron titres fell to low levels 6 months after the second vaccine dose in most subjects, they showed a ~20‐fold rise after the third dose booster, after which there was only a ~2‐3‐fold difference in neutralisation of Omicron and the ancestral strains. Despite being based on the ancestral Wuhan sequence, after two doses, SpikoGen® vaccine induced broadly cross‐neutralising serum antibodies. Titres then reduced over time but were rapidly restored by a third dose booster. This resulted in high neutralisation including against the Omicron variants. This data supports ongoing use of SpikoGen® vaccine for protection against recent SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variants.
Benefits of asking students to make an instructional video of a multimedia lesson: Clarifying the learning‐by‐teaching hypothesis
Authors: Cheng Meixia , Wang Fuxing , Mayer Richard E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundLearning‐by‐teaching is a generative learning strategy in which students are told they will have to teach what they are learning to others. Although learning‐by‐teaching has been shown to be effective in some cases, few studies have established guidelines for how to optimize the benefits of learning‐by‐teaching as a generative learning strategy from a social presence perspective.ObjectivesThis study seeks to clarify the learning‐by‐teaching hypothesis and to pinpoint the optimal level of social presence during learning‐by‐teaching that is most conducive to learning.MethodsIn Experiment 1, college students received a lesson with instructions that afterwards they would explain the material to others by making a video, explain the material aloud to themselves, or restudy the material. In Experiment 2, college students viewed a multimedia lesson with instructions that afterwards they would explain the materials by making a video, explain to an onscreen student, or explain to a student in person.Results and ConclusionsTeaching by making a video was better than restudying, self‐explaining, and teaching face‐to‐face or online. Teaching quality was better in video teaching than self‐explaining and face‐to‐face or online teaching. Teaching by making a video is ideal because it primes generative processing while minimizing extraneous processing.ImplicationsThis study is the first to manipulate different levels of social presence of oral teaching to determine the optimal form of learning‐by‐teaching, which preliminarily clarifies generative learning and social presence theory and has implications for both empirical and theoretical research.
Exploring the co‐occurrence of students' learning behaviours and reasoning processes in an intelligent tutoring system: An epistemic network analysis
Authors: Huang Xiaoshan , Li Shan , Wang Tingting , Pan Zexuan , Lajoie Susanne P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMedical students use a variety of self‐regulated learning (SRL) strategies in different medical reasoning (MR) processes to solve patient cases of varying complexity. However, the interplay between SRL and MR processes is still unclear.ObjectivesThis study investigates how self‐regulated learning (SRL) and medical reasoning (MR) occurred concurrently in medical students while completing a diagnostic task in an intelligent tutoring system. This study aims to provide new insights into performance differences between high‐ and low‐achieving students in tasks of varying complexity.MethodsThirty‐one medical students (67.6% female) from a large North American university were tasked with solving two virtual patient cases in an intelligent tutoring system, BioWorld. BioWorld was designed for medical students to practice clinical reasoning skills deliberately. We collected students' think‐aloud protocols, based on which we coded their use of SRL behaviours and medical reasoning activities. We analysed the co‐occurrences of SRL behaviours and medical reasoning activities using the epistemic network analysis (ENA) method.ResultsThe SRL behaviour self‐reflection and MR activity lines of reasoning co‐occurred more frequently in a difficult task than in an easy task. In both tasks, high performers demonstrated more co‐occurrences of self‐reflection and lines of reasoning than low performers. Moreover, the MR activity conceptual operations co‐occurred more frequently with the SRL activities of monitoring and evaluation among high performers compared to low performers in an easy task.ImplicationsThe co‐occurrences of SRL behaviours and MR processes account for students' performance differences. The design of computer‐based learning environments for clinical reasoning should promote the acquisition of both SRL and medical reasoning abilities. Moreover, medical educators should consider task complexity when scaffolding.
Measuring oxytocin release in response to gavage: Computational modelling and assay validation
Authors: Hassan Shereen , El Baradey Hala , Madi Mohamed , Shebl Mohamed , Leng Gareth , Lozic Maja , Ludwig Mike , Menzies John , MacGregor Duncan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the present experiments, we tested the conclusion from previous electrophysiological experiments that gavage of sweet food and systemically applied insulin both stimulate oxytocin secretion. To do so, we measured oxytocin secretion from urethane‐anaesthetised male rats, and demonstrated a significant increase in secretion in response to gavage of sweetened condensed milk but not isocaloric cream, and a significant increase in response to intravenous injection of insulin. We compared the measurements made in response to sweetened condensed milk with the predictions from a computational model, which we used to predict plasma concentrations of oxytocin from the published electrophysiological responses of oxytocin cells. The prediction from the computational model was very closely aligned to the levels of oxytocin measured in rats in response to gavage.
The role of rumination in the relationship between symptoms of insomnia and depression in adolescents
Authors: Li Sophie H. , Corkish Brittany , Richardson Cele , Christensen Helen , Werner‐Seidler Aliza 
Published: May 2023

SummaryThere is a strong relationship between the symptoms of insomnia and depression, however, little is understood about the factors that mediate this relationship. An understanding of these underlying mechanisms may inform the advancement of existing treatments to optimise reductions in insomnia and depression when they co‐occur. This study examined rumination and unhelpful beliefs about sleep as mediators between symptoms of insomnia and depression. It also evaluated the effect of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I) on rumination and unhelpful beliefs about sleep, and whether these factors mediated the effect of CBT‐I on depressive symptoms. A series of mediation analyses and linear mixed modelling were conducted on data from 264 adolescents (12–16 years) who participated in a two‐arm (intervention vs. control) randomised controlled trial of Sleep Ninja®, a CBT‐I smartphone app for adolescents. Rumination, but not unhelpful beliefs about sleep, was a significant mediator between symptoms of insomnia and depression at baseline. CBT‐I led to reductions in unhelpful beliefs about sleep, but not in rumination. At the between‐group level, neither rumination, nor unhelpful beliefs about sleep emerged as mechanisms underlying improvement in depression symptoms, however, rumination mediated within‐subject improvements following CBT‐I. The findings suggest rumination links symptoms of insomnia and depression and provide preliminary evidence that reductions in depression following CBT‐I occurs via improvements in rumination. Targeting rumination may improve current therapeutic approaches.