bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using eDNA sampling for species-specific fish detection in tropical oceanic samples: limitations and recommendations for future use
Authors: Gonzalez Colmenares Giovanna M. , Gonzalez Montes Alejandro J. , Harms-Tuohy Chelsea A. , Schizas Nikolaos V. 
Published: February 2023

Background
Over the past decade, environmental DNA (eDNA) has become a resourceful tool in conservation and biomonitoring. Environmental DNA has been applied in a variety of environments, but the application to studies of marine fish, particularly at tropical latitudes, are limited. Since many commercially important Caribbean fishes are overexploited, these species are optimal candidates to explore the use of this method as a biomonitoring tool. Specifically, for many of these species, the formation of fish spawning aggregations (FSAs) marks a critical life history event where fishes will gather in large numbers for reproduction. These FSAs are ephemeral in nature, lasting only a few days, but are predictable in time and space which makes them susceptible to overfishing.

Methods
In this study, we test the feasibility of using an eDNA sampling approach (water and sediment collection) to detect the presence of known FSAs off the west coast of Puerto Rico, with cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) and 12S rRNA (12S) primers designed to target specific species. A total of 290 eDNA samples were collected and, of those, 206 eDNA samples were processed. All eDNA samples varied in DNA concentration, both between replicates and collection methods. A total of 12 primer sets were developed and tested using traditional PCR and qPCR.

Results
Despite validation of primer accuracy and sample collection during known peak spawning times, the use of traditional PCR and qPCR with both molecular markers failed to produce species-specific amplification. Thus, a trial test was conducted using the CO1 primers in which target fish DNA was ‘spiked’ at various concentrations into the respective eDNA samples to determine the target species DNA concentration limit of detection. Upon successful amplification of the trial, results indicated that eDNA samples were below the detection threshold of our methods, suggesting that the number of fish present at the spawning aggregations was inadequate for single-species detection methods. In addition, elements such as the unavoidable presence of non-target DNA, oceanic environmental conditions, shedding rates of target fish, among other biotic and abiotic factors could have affected DNA persistence and degradation rates at the sites.

Conclusion
We provide recommendations for species-specific fish detection in lower latitudes, and suggestions for studies aiming to monitor or detect fish spawning aggregations using eDNA sampling.
FGF19 promotes cell autophagy and cisplatin chemoresistance by activating MAPK signaling in ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhu Wei , Huang Meiyuan , Thakur Abhimanyu , Yan Yuanliang , Wu Xiaoying 
Published: February 2023

Background
Chemotherapy is one of the primary treatments for ovarian cancer patients. Autophagy has been linked to chemotherapy resistance in tumor cells. Recent studies have suggested that fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) may be involved in the onset and progression of malignancies. However, the relationship between FGF19 and autophagy in ovarian cancer is still unknown.

Methods
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was conducted to analyze gene mutation profiles of 62 cases of high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to validate the amplification of FGF19 in HGSOC tissues. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to analyze the difference of FGF19 in mRNA and protein expression. Meanwhile, bioinformatics techniques were used to analyze the expression profiles of FGF19 and the correlation with prognosis. Besides, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy and Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) were used to investigate the potential mechanisms.

Results
In this study, we found that FGF19 promotes cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells by inducing autophagy. NGS analysis of 62 HGSOC cases identified a significantly amplified gene, FGF19. In addition, the expression level of FGF19 in ovarian cancer samples was higher than that in normal samples. FISH results showed a positive correlation between amplification and expression of FGF19. Knockdown of FGF19 inhibited the cell autophagy through decrease in the expression of LC3 and Beclin 1, and increase in the expression of SQSTM1/p62. Furthermore, we observed that p38 MAPK phosphorylation was down-regulated after FGF19 knockdown. IFN-γ, a potential p38 MAPK activator, counteracted the inhibition of cell autophagy and the anti-proliferation effect of cisplatin induced by FGF19 knockdown in ovarian cancer cells.

Conclusion
FGF19 increases autophagy and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer by activating the p38 MAPK pathway. These results could point to FGF19 being a potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
Impact of Red Gram (Cajanus cajan L) Production Technologies Advised by the KVK Jammikunta in Karimnagar District of Telangana State, India
Authors: Rao N. Venkateshwar , Jain P. K. , Kumar N. Kishore , Reddy M. Jagan Mohan 
Published: February 2023

The study conducted at KVK Jammikunta of Telangana State along with its 15 adopted villages was selected for the study. A sample of 60 Red gram growing farmers who are adopting the KVK technologies and 30 Red gram farmers who are not covered under KVK production technologies were selected from the adopted villages. Present paper highlights the impact of Red gram production technologies in terms of adoption quotient, productivity and profitability in Karimnagar district of Telangana State. High impact in terms of adoption quotient, productivity and profitability of red gram production technologies is observed among the KVK Jammikunta adopted farmers compared to the non adopted farmers.
Genetic Diversity and Phytochemical Studies on Selected Ecotypes of Utasi (Gongronema latifolium) Plant Using Microsatellite Markers
Authors: Anita Y. Nelson, , M. Ubi Godwin , Covenant Egbaji 
Published: February 2023

Diversity and phytochemical studies were carried out on twelve ecotypes of utasi, Gongronema latifolium using simple sequence repeats markers. Screening of ten (10) trinucleotide SSR primers, produced 4 primers that were able to amplify the DNA from all the plant ecotype. A total of 34 bands were amplified from the 4 SSR primers which include SSR 2, SSR 3, SSR 1 and SSR 4. Out of the amplified products using the 4 primers, 17 were found to be polymorphic with an average of 9 bands per primer. The number of amplification products per primer ranged between 10 in SSR 4 to 12 in SSR 2 with SSR 1 having the least number of bands (1). The sequences of the 4 random primers used in this study along with the number of bands generated and the number of polymorphic bands. The results of genetic analysis of the Gongronema latifolium ecotypes delineated the 12 ecotypes into five cluster groups. Results of phytochemical analysis of leaves of Gongronema latifolium showed (Table 2) mean saponin (2.09 ±0.01%), mean tannin (1.17 ± 0.01%), mean flavonoid (2.53 ±0.01%), mean polyphenol (4.60 ± 0.01%) and mean reducing compound (7.92 ± 0.01%).The phytochemical indices of the least 1.17+ 0.01% and highest 7.92+ 0.01% were constituted by tannins and reducing compounds, respectively. Thus, the study suggested the need for future exploitation of Gongronema latifolium leaves for phytochemical contents due to their high medicinal value.
Diverse mechanisms for CO2 effects on grassland litter decomposition
Authors: Dukes Jeffrey S. , Field Christopher B. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe ongoing increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) can potentially alter litter decomposition rates by changing: (i) the litter quality of individual species, (ii) allocation patterns of individual species, (iii) the species composition of ecosystems (which could alter ecosystem‐level litter quality and allocation), (iv) patterns of soil moisture, and (v) the composition and size of microbial communities. To determine the relative importance of these mechanisms in a California annual grassland, we created four mixtures of litter that differed in species composition (the annual legume Lotus wrangelianus Fischer & C. Meyer comprised either 10% or 40% of the initial mass) and atmospheric [CO2] during growth (ambient or double‐ambient). These mixtures decomposed for 33 weeks at three positions (above, on, and below the soil surface) in four types of grassland microcosms (fertilized and unfertilized microcosms exposed to elevated or ambient [CO2]) and at a common field site. Initially, legume‐rich litter mixtures had higher nitrogen concentrations ([N]) than legume‐poor mixtures. In most positions and environments, the different litter mixtures decomposed at approximately the same rate. Fertilization and CO2 enrichment of microcosms had no effect on mass loss of litter within them. However, mass loss was strongly related to litter position in both microcosms and the field. Nitrogen dynamics of litter were significantly related to the initial [N] of litter on the soil surface, but not in other positions. We conclude that changes in allocation patterns and species composition are likely to be the dominant mechanisms through which ecosystem‐level decomposition rates respond to increasing atmospheric [CO2].
Habitual dietary intake versus glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in postmenopausal women
Authors: Larsson H. , Elmståhl S. , Berglund G. , Ahrén B. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract. Larsson H, Elmståhl S, Berglund G, Ahrén B (Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden). Habitual dietary intake versus glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in postmenopausal women. J Intern Med;245: 581–591.Objective.  The major aim was to study the relation between habitual dietary intake and glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in postmenopausal women. Dietary intake was also compared between women with normal (NGT) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).Design.  Habitual dietary intake was studied using a modified diet history method, from which the energy, carbohydrate, fat and protein intake was calculated. Glucose tolerance was determined as the 2 h glucose value after a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin sensitivity was studied with a euglycemic, hyperinsulinaemic clamp, whilst insulin secretion was measured as the acute (2–5 min) response to iv arginine (5 g) at fasting, 14 and >25 mmol L–1 glucose.Setting.  Clinical research unit at the University Hospital in Malmö, Sweden.Subjects.  A total of 74 women (mean ± SD age 58.7 ± 0.4 years).Results.  In the entire group, the 2 h glucose level correlated with polyunsaturated fat intake (PUFA, r = 0.41, P < 0.001), and negatively with carbohydrate intake (r = – 0.23, P = 0.05). The relation between 2 h glucose and PUFA was independent of body fat content and insulin sensitivity in a multivariate model. Insulin sensitivity correlated with energy intake (r = 0.31, P = 0.007) and PUFA (r = – 0.27. P = 0.022). However, these correlations were not significant after adjustment for body fat content in a multivariate model. There were no correlations between insulin secretory variables and habitual dietary intake. Of the 74 women, 60 had NGT and 14 had IGT. The NGT and IGT groups did not differ in intakes of total energy, carbohydrate or protein. The IGT women had higher intake of PUFA (P = 0.003), whilst the total, saturated and monounsaturated fat intake did not differ between the groups.Conclusion.  Dietary parameters are not independently associated with insulin sensitivity or insulin secretion in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, dietary habits are largely similar in women with NGT and IGT, although subtle differences cannot be excluded due to the small study size. Therefore, habitual intake of total carbohydrate or total fat seems not to be the major determinant of glucose tolerance in nondiabetic Caucasian postmenopausal women.
Effect of β‐mercaptoethanol and Cysteine Supplementation of Culture Medium on Development of One‐cell and Morula Stage Mouse Embryos
Authors: Aksoy M , Takahashi Y , Hishinuma M , Suzuki H , Kanagawa H 
Published: July 2002

ContentsInfluence of β‐mercaptoethanol (β‐ME) in the presence or absence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and cysteine (CYS) on the development of early (one‐cell) and late (morula) stage mouse embryos was evaluated in two consecutive experiments conducted according to 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. In experiment 1, one‐cell stage embryos were cultured in one of the eight factorial WM (Whitten's medium) containing 3 mg/ml bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 120 h to reach the blastocyst stage. No interaction was observed among EDTA (0.1 mm), β‐ME (50 µm) and CYS (50 µm). EDTA was the main agent supporting development of one‐cell stage embryos to blastocyst stage (p < 0.01). The β‐ME and CYS had no influence on the development of one‐cell embryos to the blastocyst stage. In experiment 2, one‐cell stage embryos were cultured in WM containing 3 mg/ml BSA and 0.1 mm EDTA for 72 h. Embryos that developed to the morula stage were selected and further cultured for 48 h in one of the eight experimentally altered WM with 3 mg/ml BSA containing β‐ME (50 µm) and/or CYS (50 µm) in the presence or absence of EDTA (0.1 mm). The β‐ME supplementation of the culture medium improved development of morulae to blastocyst stage (p < 0.05). No interaction was detected among the additives. These data indicate that some factors other than the proposed mechanism of action of β‐ME may be involved in its growth promoting activity on embryo development
Phytocoenosis, Volumes 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 & 9
Authors: Peterken G. G. 
Published: July 2002

Cryptogamous plants in the forest communities of Bialowieza National Park. Functional groups analysis and general synthesis. Ed. by J. B. FALINSKI and W. MULENKO. 30×21 cm. Pp. 224 with 4 plates and numerous text‐figures. Phytocoenosis (N. S.) 8, Archivum Geobotanicum 6. 1996. P/b. Cryptogamous plants in the forest communities of Bialowieza National Park. Ecological atlas of seminal and cryptogamous plants. Ed. by J. B. FALINSKI and W. MULENKO. 30×21 cm. Pp. 522 with 2000 maps. Phytocoenosis (N. S.) 9, Supplementum Cartographicae Geobotanicae 7. 1997. H/b. Deciduous woody pioneer species (Juniperus communis, Populus tremula, Salix sp. div.) in the secondary succession and regeneration. By J. B. FALINSKI. 30×21 cm. Pp. 156 with 8 plates, 2 end‐paper charts and numerous text‐figures. Phytocoenosis (N. S.) 10, Supplementum Cartographicae Geobotanicae 8. 1998. P/b. Synanthropization of plant cover in new Polish research. Ed. by J. B. FALINSKI, W. ADAMOWSKI and B. JACKOWIAK. 30×21 cm. Pp. 279 with 2 plates, 2 end‐paper maps and numerous text‐figures. Phytocoenosis (N. S.) 10, Supplementum Cartographicae Geobotanicae 9. 1998. P/b.
Natural regeneration patterns of the introduced larch, Larix kaempferi (Pinaceae), on the volcano Mount Koma, northern Japan
Authors: Kondo Toshihiro , Tsuyuzaki Shiro 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe 1929 eruption of Mount Koma (1140 m in altitude) completely deforested the vegetation on the summit area of the volcano. An alien species of larch, Larix kaempferi (=L. leptolepis) was planted on the lower slopes of the volcano between 1953 and 1963, but since then has become abundant on the summit. To determine the regeneration patterns of the larch, we measured stem densities on aerial photographs taken in 1963, 1973 and 1994, and in the field during 1996. Larix kaempferi stems with crown diameters > 2 m were mapped on aerial photographs divided into 1083 100 m×100 m grids. Stem densities on the summit increased from 0.8/ha in 1963, to 14.1/ha in 1994. Willows and birches also established there but did not grow as large as the larch. All these species are wind dispersed, and larch densities were higher in areas closer to the plantations, suggesting that wind intensity and direction determined seed migration. Four environmental factors—slope gradient, direction, elevation, and distance from the plantations in each grid—were correlated with larch stem densities. Multiple regression showed that establishment patterns of L. kaempferi in the early stages were mainly related to distance from seed source (the plantations). Later, geographical disturbances and/or physiological stresses became more important. Density effects on tree invasion have been weak until now. We concluded that revegetation primarily depends on the chance of seed immigration, and that the larches may be an earlier successional species than any other native tree species.
Almotriptan Increases Sustained Pain‐Free Outcomes in Acute Migraine: Results From Three Controlled Clinical Trials
Authors: Dodick David W. 
Published: July 2002

Objective.—Evaluate the effect of almotriptan on sustained pain‐free outcome in patients with acute migraine.Methods.—Three randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials of almotriptan for the treatment of acute migraine were examined. Two trials evaluated almotriptan 6.25 mg and 12.5 mg, and the third evaluated almotriptan 12.5 mg and sumatriptan 100 mg. Patients aged 18 to 65 years were instructed to take 1 dose of study medication at the onset of a moderate‐to‐severe migraine headache. A second dose was allowed for relapse. Sustained pain‐free was defined as a decrease in pain severity from moderate or severe at baseline to no pain at 2 hours postdose and without relapse or the use of escape medication between 2 and 24 hours.Results.—A total of 1791 adult migraine sufferers were studied. The proportion of patients achieving a sustained pain‐free state was significantly (P<.05) higher in the almotriptan 6.25‐mg (21.7% to 22.5%) and 12.5‐mg (24.6% to 27.6%) groups than in the placebo group (7.5% to 12.1%). The proportion of patients achieving a sustained pain‐free state was comparable between almotriptan 12.5 mg (24.6%) and sumatriptan 100 mg (28.5%) and significantly (P<.05) greater than with placebo (12.1%). Among patients with severe baseline pain, a sustained pain‐free state was achieved in significantly more patients (P<.05) with almotriptan 12.5 mg (17.3% to 20.9%) than with placebo (3.1% to 3.2%). Among those with moderate baseline pain, a sustained pain‐free state was achieved in significantly more patients (P<.01) with almotriptan 12.5 mg (31.3% to 32.0%) than with placebo (10.2% to 16.1%).Conclusions.—Almotriptan 12.5 mg is significantly better than placebo and comparable to sumatriptan 100 mg for achieving a sustained pain‐free state.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Histopathological Findings in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Stefan H. , Feichtinger M. , Pauli E. , Schäfer I. , Eberhardt K. W. , Kasper B. S. , Hopp P. , Buchfelder M. , Huk J. , Paulus W. 
Published: July 2002

Summary:  Purpose: In some patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, histopathological evaluation of resected brain tissue after surgical treatment may reveal several features indicative of discrete cortical malformations. We sought to determine whether these histopathological features were accompanied by hippocampal changes detectable preoperatively by proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy and to evaluate their relationship with postoperative outcome.Methods: In 25 consecutive temporal lobe epilepsy patients who were scheduled for surgical treatment, MR spectroscopy was performed, and resected brain tissue was analyzed histopathologically for the presence of discrete cortical malformations (e.g., microdysgenesis). Outcome was assessed in all patients with an average postoperative period of 26 months.Results: In 13 patients, we found subtle, histopathologically detectable signs of cortical malformation: 6 of them with concomitant hippocampal sclerosis (dual pathology) and 7 without. The latter subgroup had a worse surgical outcome and showed enhanced bilateral and/or contralateral pathological changes in the hippocampal formation when investigated by MR spectroscopy.Conclusions: These data suggest that by showing contralaterally or bilaterally abnormal spectra, MR spectroscopy might be able to indicate pathological changes in subtle developmental disorders that are possibly more widespread over the brain. This observation may improve noninvasive diagnosis in presurgical evaluation and the neurobiological understanding of cortical malformations in pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy.
Light Regulation of Nitrate Reductase in Higher Plants: Which Photoreceptors are Involved?
Authors: Lillo C. , Appenroth K.‐J. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract: The regulation by light of nitrate reductase (NR) in higher plants is very complex. NR is firstly regulated by transcriptional control. In etiolated plants, phytochrome is the main photoreceptor involved and its low fluence response (LFR) is the common response mode. The effect of the very low fluence response (VLFR) has been reported for one of the isoforms in Arabidopsis thaliana, NIA2. The existence of a far‐red light‐mediated high irradiance response (HIR) has been demonstrated in phytochrome A over‐expressing tobacco, confirming classical photophysiological experiments. For Lemna aequinoctialis, the existence of a red light‐mediated high irradiance response has been assumed. In green plants, the effect of phytochrome on the level of NR protein is very modest, and the effect of light is mediated via photosynthesis, most probably through biochemical signals. The molecular basis of this switch from the action of phytochromes in etiolated tissue to effects of photosynthesis in green tissue is not known.The influence of light on NR is also regulated by fast post‐translational modification. This mechanism is based on the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of a serine residue in the hinge 1 region of NR and the subsequent Mg2+/polyamine‐dependent binding of the phosphorylated form to a 14‐3‐3 protein. Several kinases phosphorylate NR, and phosphatases not only act on NR but also dephosphorylate NR kinases. No influence of phytochrome is detectable. Instead, post‐translational modification depends on the effect of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis may exert its effect on this process via biochemical products of photosynthesis (glucose, sugar phosphates), via substrates (nitrate, NADH) and/or by influencing Ca2+ flux.