bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor versus [18F]FDG PET/CTs in non-small cell lung cancer: a head-to-head comparative study
Authors: Mirshahvalad Seyed Ali , Manafi-Farid Reyhaneh , Fallahi Babak , Seifi Sharareh , Geramifar Parham , Emami-Ardekani Alireza , Eftekhari Mohammad , Beiki Davood 
Published: June 2023

Objective
In this study, we aimed to compare the diagnostic value of [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor and [18F]FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Methods
Patients with pathology-proven NSCLC were prospectively included. Patients underwent [18F]FDG and [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT within 1 week. All suspicious lesions were interpreted as benign or malignant, and the corresponding PET/CT semi-quantitative parameters were recorded. A two-sided P-value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results
Twelve consecutive NSCLC patients (mean age: 60 ± 7) were included. All patients underwent both [18F]FDG and [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT scans with a median interval of 2 days. Overall, 73 abnormal lesions were detected, from which 58 (79%) were concordant between [18F]FDG and [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT. All primary tumors were clearly detectable in both scans visually. Also, [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT demonstrated rather comparable results with [18F]FDG PET/CT scan in detecting metastatic lesions. However, malignant lesions demonstrated significantly higher SUVmax and SUVmean in [18F]FDG PET/CT (P-values <0.05). Regarding the advantages, [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor depicted two brain metastases that were missed by [18F]FDG PET/CT. Also, a highly suspicious lesion for recurrence on [18F]FDG PET/CT scan was correctly classified as benign by subsequent [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT.

Conclusion
[68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT was concordant with [18F]FDG PET/CT in detecting primary NSCLC tumors and could visualize the majority of metastatic lesions. Moreover, this modality was found to be potentially helpful in excluding tumoural lesions when the [18F]FDG PET/CT was equivocal, as well as in detecting brain metastasis where [18F]FDG PET/CT suffers from poor sensitivity. However, the count statistics were significantly lower.
The role of nutrition, food allergies, and gut dysbiosis in immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease: a narrative review
Authors: Bourkas Adrienn N. , Lara-Corrales Irene 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of review
This review focuses on the emerging roles of nutrition, food allergies, and gut dysbiosis, and their influence on pediatric skin conditions such as psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and alopecia areata. As the prevalence of these conditions increases, understanding the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets is crucial for clinical practice and research.

Recent findings
The review covers 32 recent articles that highlight the significance of the gut microbiome, nutrition, and gut dysbiosis in the pathogenesis and progression of inflammatory and immune-related pediatric skin conditions. The data suggest that food allergies and gut dysbiosis play a crucial role in disease pathogenesis.

Summary
This review emphasizes the need for larger-scale studies to determine the effectiveness of dietary changes in preventing or treating inflammatory and immune-related skin conditions. Clinicians must maintain a balanced approach when implementing dietary changes in children with skin diseases like atopic dermatitis to avoid potential nutritional deficiencies and growth impairments. Further research into the complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors is warranted to develop tailored therapeutic strategies for these skin conditions in children.
Update on lasers in pediatric dermatology: how primary care providers can help patients and families navigate appropriate treatment options and timelines
Authors: Osborn Lindsay P. , Nieman Elizabeth L. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of review
The use of lasers in pediatric dermatology is well established, but recent literature has expanded the evidence for specific timelines of treatment. Additionally, new devices and combinations with medical therapy have improved outcomes and treatment options for various conditions.

Recent findings
Pulsed dye laser remains the first-line laser for vascular lesions. Recent guidelines support early initiation of laser treatment in port-wine birthmarks to optimize outcomes. For hemangiomas, laser treatment can offer a meaningful addition to oral propranolol therapy. Lasers with shorter wavelengths offer improved outcomes with decreased downtime for pigmented lesions. General anesthesia in the pediatric population continues to be a controversial topic, and the decision to perform laser under general versus topical anesthesia requires discussion with family of risks and benefits.

Summary
Primary care providers can benefit their patients by prompt referral to dermatology for discussion of laser treatment. Port-wine birthmarks require referral in the first weeks of life so that laser treatment can be initiated if appropriate. Although many dermatologic conditions cannot be completely cleared or cured with laser, treatment can offer meaningful outcomes and benefit for patients and families.
Superior pedicle reduction mammoplasty: A multivariable analysis of 1306 patients. Risk factors for complications and development of a predictive score.
Authors: Girard Paul , Berkane Yanis , Laloze Jérôme , Rousseau Chloé , Lupon Elise , Schutz Sacha , Watier Eric , Bertheuil Nicolas 
Published: June 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Breast reduction surgery for hypertrophy is one of the most commonly performed procedures in plastic surgery. This surgery exposes patients to complications well documented in the literature. The objective of this study is therefore to identify the risk factors in order to establish an estimate of the risk of developing complications. We propose the first predictive score of postoperative complications including continuous preoperative variables like Body Mass Index (BMI) and Supra Sternal Notch – Nipple Distance (SSN:N).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
An analytic observational retrospective cohort study was conducted including 1306 patients who underwent superior pedicle reduction mammoplasty at the Rennes University Hospital (France) between 2011/01/01 and 2016/31/12. Primary endpoint was to study association between known preoperative risk factors and occurrence of any complications using multivariable logistic regression in order to identify independent risk factors. Secondary endpoint was to establish a score to estimate a probability of occurrence of complication.

RESULTS:
1306 patients were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression showed three independent risk factors : active smoking (OR 6.10 [4.23; 8.78] p < 0.0001), BMI (OR 1.16 [1.11; 1.22] p < 0.0001), SSN:N (OR 1.14 [1.08; 1.21] p < 0.0001). The Rennes Plastic Surgery Score estimating occurrence of postoperative complications was determined, integrating regression coefficient of each risk factor.

CONCLUSION:
Active smoking, BMI and SSN:N distance are independent preoperative risk factors for the occurrence of breast reduction complications. The Rennes Plastic Surgery Score including the continuous values of BMI and SSN:N allows us to provide to our patients a reliable estimate of the risk of occurrence of these complications.

Evidence Based Medicine Level II:
Lesser-quality prospective cohort or comparative study; retrospective cohort or comparative study; or untreated controls from a randomized controlled trial
A Multi-center Phase II Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Botulax® in Asian Patients with Benign Masseteric Hypertrophy.
Authors: Lee Ji Su , Son Hyung Seok , Kim Beom Joon , Lee Yang Won 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Benign masseteric hypertrophy (BMH) is a condition in which the thickness of the masseter muscle is increased, resulting in jawline prominence with undesirable aesthetic appearance. Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) injection is a promising treatment option, but its effective dose remains debated.

Methods:
Adults over 19 diagnosed with BMH through visual examination and palpation related to a masseter muscle prominence were selected; 80 patients were randomly assigned into five groups (placebo group and 4 groups with different doses of BTA – 24U, 48U, 72U, 96U on both sides of the jaw) and treated with placebo or BTA once at their baseline visit. During each follow-up, the treatment efficacy was evaluated via ultrasound examination of the masseter muscle, 3D facial contour analysis, visual evaluation by the investigator, and patient satisfaction evaluation.

Results:
The mean age of the 80 patients was 42.7±9.98 years; 68.75% were women. The mean change of the MMT during the maximum clenching state after 12 weeks of drug administration compared to the baseline in the 24U, 48U, 72U, and 96U groups were -2.33±0.41 mm, -3.35±0.42 mm, -2.86±0.42 mm, and -3.79±0.42 mm. All treatment groups showed a statistically significant decrease compared to placebo. Regarding subjective satisfaction, all treatment groups, except the 24U group at 4 weeks, showed higher satisfaction than the placebo group during all visits. No significant adverse events were noted.

Conclusions:
BTA administration of at least 48U for BMH is more cost-effective than high-dose units and has a low possibility of side effects.
Fabricating Stiffness-Matched Three Dimensional –Printed Metal Implants for Total Wrist Arthroplasty
Authors: Jacobs-El Hannah , Liston Jared M. , Hepner Charles , Ma Ji , DeGeorge Brent R. 
Published: June 2023

Background
Total wrist arthroplasty (TWA) is a motion-sparing treatment for pancarpal arthritis; however, complication rates up to 50% have limited widespread use. Implant micromotion, stress shielding, and periprosthetic osteolysis result in implant failure and revision to arthrodesis. Metal 3-dimensional (3D) printing allows for more accurate matching of surrounding bone biomechanical properties, theoretically reducing periprosthetic osteolysis. Herein, we use computed tomography to characterize the relationship of relative stiffness along the length of the distal radius with patient demographic factors.

Methods
After institutional review, wrist computed tomography scans at a single institution between 2013 and 2021 were identified. Exclusion criteria were history of radius or carpal trauma or fracture. Collected demographics included age, sex, and comorbidities (including osteoporosis/osteopenia). Scans were analyzed using Materialize Mimics Innovation Suite 24.0 (Leuven, Belgium). Distal radius cortical density (in Hounsfield units) and medullary volume (in cubic millimeters) with relation to distance from the radiocarpal joint were recorded. Average values for each variable were used to 3D-printed distal radius trial components with stiffness matched to bone density by length.

Results
Thirty-two patients met inclusion criteria. Distal radius cortical bone density progressively increased proximal to the radiocarpal joint, whereas medullary volume decreased; changes in both plateaued 20 mm proximal to the joint. Distal radius material properties differed by age, sex, and comorbidities. Total wrist arthroplasty implants were fabricated to match these variables as proof of concept.

Conclusions
Distal radius material properties vary along the bone length; conventional implants do not account for this variance. This study showed 3D-printed implants can be created to match bone properties along the length of the implant.
Preoperative Prophylactic Antibiotics in Mandibular Fractures and Surgical Site Infection
Authors: Atwez Abdelaziz , Antosz Kayla , Cooper Lindsey , Le Paulina , Mujadzic Tarik , Seagle Jackson , Mujadzic Mirsad , Friedman Harold 
Published: June 2023

Background
Compared with other facial fractures, mandibular fractures have the highest rate of postsurgical site infection. There is strong evidence to suggest that postoperative antibiotics do not reduce rates of surgical site infections (SSIs) regardless of duration. However, there are conflicting data in the literature regarding the role of prophylactic preoperative antibiotics in reducing rates of SSIs. This study reviews the rate of infections in patients who underwent mandibular fracture repair who received a course of preoperative prophylactic antibiotics compared with those who received no or 1 dose of perioperative antibiotics.

Methods
Adult patients who underwent mandibular fracture repair at Prisma Health Richland between 2014 and 2019 were included in the study. A retrospective cohort review was conducted to determine the rate of SSI, comparing 2 groups of patients who underwent mandibular fracture repair. Patients who received more than 1 dose of scheduled antibiotics before surgery were compared with those who did not receive any antibiotic treatment before surgery or received only a single dose of antibiotics within 1 hour of incision time (perioperative antibiotics). The primary outcome was the rate of SSI between the 2 groups of patients.

Results
There were 183 patients who received more than 1 dose of scheduled antibiotics before surgery and 35 patients who received a single dose of perioperative antibiotics or did not receive any antibiotics. The rate of SSI was not significantly different in the preoperative prophylactic antibiotics group (29.3%) compared with the patients who received a single perioperative dose or no antibiotics (25.0%).

Conclusion
Extended regimens of preoperative prophylactic antibiotics beyond a single dose at time of surgery do not reduce SSIs after surgical repair in mandibular fractures.
Transforming Professional Identity in Simulation Debriefing
Authors: Kainth Ranjev , Reedy Gabriel 
Published: June 2023

Summary Statement: There continues to be a lack of detailed understanding of how debriefing works and how it enables learning. To further our understanding and simultaneously illuminate current knowledge, a metaethnographic qualitative synthesis was undertaken to address the research question: how are interactions in simulation debriefing related to participant learning? Ten databases were searched (up to November 2020) and 17 articles were selected for inclusion.
Initial interpretive synthesis generated 37 new concepts that were further synthesized to produce a new theoretical framework. At the heart of the framework is a concept of reflective work, where participants and faculty recontextualize the simulation experience bidirectionally with clinical reality: a process that facilitates sensemaking. This occurs in a learning milieu where activities such as storytelling, performance evaluation, perspective sharing, agenda setting, and video use are undertaken. The outcome is conceptualization of new future roles, clinical competence, and professional language development—a process of transforming professional identity.
Efficacy and Safety of Supraclavicular Thoracic Outlet Decompression
Authors: Panda Nikhil , Hurd Jacob , Madsen James , Anderson Jacob N. , Yang Margaret E. , Sulit Jon , Kuhan Sangkavi , Potter Alexandra L. , Colson Yolonda L. , Yang Chi-Fu Jeffrey , Donahue Dean M. 
Published: June 2023

Objectives:
We aimed to report efficacy, safety, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes of a multidisciplinary treatment approach including supraclavicular thoracic outlet decompression among patients with thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS).

Summary Background Data:
TOS is a challenging condition where controversy remains in diagnosis and treatment, primarily given a lack of data exploring various treatment approaches and associated patient outcomes.

Methods:
Patients who underwent unilateral, supraclavicular thoracic outlet decompression or pectoralis minor tenotomy for neurogenic, venous, or arterial TOS were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Demography, use of preoperative botulinum toxin injection, and participation in multidisciplinary evaluation were measured. The primary endpoints were composite postoperative morbidity and symptomatic improvement compared with baseline.

Results:
Among 2,869 patients evaluated (2007-2021), 1,032 underwent surgery, including 864 (83.7%) supraclavicular decompressions and 168 (16.3%) isolated pectoralis minor tenotomies. Predominant TOS subtypes among surgical patients were neurogenic (75.4%) and venous TOS (23.4%). Most patients (92.9%) with nTOS underwent preoperative botulinum toxin injection; 56.3% reported symptomatic improvement. Prior to surgical consultation, few patients reported participation in physical therapy (10.9%). Median time from first evaluation to surgery was 136 days (IQR 55, 258). Among 864 patients who underwent supraclavicular thoracic outlet decompression, complications occurred in 19.8%; the most common complication was chyle leak (8.3%). Four patients (0.4%) required revisional thoracic outlet decompression. At a median follow-up of 420 days (IQR 150, 937), 93.3% reported symptomatic improvement.

Conclusions:
Based on a low composite morbidity, need for very few revisional operations, and high rates of symptomatic improvement, a multidisciplinary treatment approach including primarily supraclavicular thoracic outlet decompression is safe and effective for patients with TOS.
Predictors of acute incisional hernia incarceration at initial hernia diagnosis on computed tomography
Authors: Hrebinko Katherine A. , Huckaby Lauren V. , Silver David , Ratnayake Charith , Hong Yeahwa , Curtis Brett , Handzel Robert M. , van der Windt Dirk J. , Dadashzadeh Esmaeel Reza 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND
Acute incisional hernia incarceration is associated with high morbidity and mortality yet there is little evidence to guide which patients will benefit most from prophylactic repair. We explored baseline computed tomography (CT) characteristics associated with incarceration.

METHODS
A case-control study design was utilized to explore adults (≥18 years) diagnosed with an incisional hernia between 2010 and 2017 at a single institution with a 1-year minimum follow-up. Computed tomography imaging at the time of initial hernia diagnosis was examined. Following propensity score matching for baseline characteristics, multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors associated with acute incarceration.

RESULTS
A total of 532 patients (27.26% male, mean 61.55 years) were examined, of whom 238 experienced an acute incarceration. Between two well-matched cohorts with and without incarceration, the presence of small bowel in the hernia sac (odds ratio [OR], 7.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.35–16.38), increasing sac height (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.10–1.64), more acute hernia angle (OR, 0.98 per degree; 95% CI, 0.97–0.99), decreased fascial defect width (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.58–0.81), and greater outer abdominal fat (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.02–1.60) were associated with acute incarceration. Using threshold analysis, a hernia angle of <91 degrees and a sac height of >3.25 cm were associated with increased incarceration risk.

CONCLUSION
Computed tomography features present at the time of hernia diagnosis provide insight into later acute incarceration risk. Improved understanding of acute incisional hernia incarceration can guide selection for prophylactic repair and thereby may mitigate the excess morbidity associated with incarceration.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level III.
Thermodynamics, organisms and behaviour
Authors: De Bari Benjamin , Dixon James , Kondepudi Dilip , Vaidya Ashwin 
Published: June 2023

The physical origin of behaviour in biological organisms is distinct from those of non-living systems in one significant way: organisms exhibit intentionality or goal-directed behaviour. How may we understand and explain this important aspect in physical terms, grounded in laws of physics and chemistry? In this article, we discuss recent experimental and theoretical progress in this area and future prospects of this line of thought. The physical basis for our investigation is thermodynamics, though other branches of physics and chemistry have an important role.
This article is part of the theme issue 'Thermodynamics 2.0: Bridging the natural and social sciences (Part 1)'.
The quantum foundations of utility and value
Authors: Abel Cal R. 
Published: June 2023

This work presents a generalization of game theory and new perspectives on utility and value. Using quantum formalism, we prove that classical game theory is a special case of quantum game theory. We show that the von Neumann entropy and von Neumann–Morgenstern utility are equivalent and that the Hamiltonian operator represents value.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Thermodynamics 2.0: Bridging the natural and social sciences (Part 1)’.
A unified science of matter, life and evolution
Authors: Poudel Ram C. 
Published: June 2023

We are accustomed to looking at matter, life and evolution from different viewpoints. In this article, we present a simple but unified theoretical framework inspired by classical mechanics and thermodynamics. Our framework generalizes Newton's third law of matter to encompass life and evolution. The generalized action–reaction relationship includes scale and temporal parameters. This generalization helps explain why life is a system out of equilibrium. Life can go beyond the action–reaction symmetry law of matter. We define life as an open system that is self-aware of the time trajectory of energy state and environment. The theoretical framework we propose for studying life in terms of power reduces to the science of matter as a limiting case.
This article is part of the theme issue 'Thermodynamics 2.0: Bridging the natural and social sciences (Part 1)'.
The difference method approach for sampling order constrained parameters: an improved implementation and important limitations
Authors: Hill-McManus Daniel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA health economic model may include a set of related inputs whose true values are uncertain, but that can be assumed to follow a logical order. Various approaches are available for performing probabilistic sensitivity analysis while preserving the order constraint, one such approach is known as the difference method. The difference method approach appears to have many of the required properties, has been endorsed by good practice guidelines, and is likely to prove a popular approach. However, the proposed implementation of the difference method approach is cumbersome, requiring numerical estimation, which might present a barrier to its adoption. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the method can always be applied to 3 or more model inputs and whether it is unbiased across all possible input values. This study has investigated these three issues for ordered inputs bounded between 0 and 1. An analytic solution is given that allows for more straightforward and compact implementation. The difference method approach cannot always be applied to a set of 3 or more model inputs, and this depends on the relative size of the variances of the logit transformed Beta distributions fitted to each variable. The approach can also produce samples with biased means and variances under certain combinations of input means and variances. It is recommended that the difference method approach be considered, however, an understanding of its limitations is necessary in order to identify such cases.