bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Effects of Two Different Exercise Programs on Lower Extremity Functions, Posture and Physical Activity in Office Workers Working at Home and in Office Alternately: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Namlı Seker Aysenur , Arman Nilay 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of online functional exercises and posture exercises on lower extremity functions, posture and physical activity in office workers working at home and in office alternately (OWHA) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design
Forty individuals were included in the study and were randomized into two groups Group I (Functional exercise group, 20 participants) and Group II (Posture exercise group, 20 participants). The exercises programs were performed online for two days/in a week/8 week. Lower extremity functions, posture, and physical activity were evaluated before and after the exercise program.

Result
Significant improvement was obtained in lower extremity functions (muscular endurance, balance, and functional capacity), posture, and physical activity in Group I, while significant improvement was obtained in balance and functional capacity in Group II after treatment. The change in scores of lower extremity functions, posture, and physical activity after treatment was statistically superior in Group I compared to Group II (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
It was found that both online exercise programs provided effective results in OWHA due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but the functional exercise program had superior effects on lower extremity functions, posture, and physical activity compared to the posture exercise program.
The trajectory of abdominal skeletal muscle changes during cardiac rehabilitation in patients with aortic disease
Authors: Yamashita Masashi , Kamiya Kentaro , Kitamura Tadashi , Hamazaki Nobuaki , Ichikawa Takafumi , Shibuya Manaka , Kobayashi Shuken , Suzuki Yuta , Ueno Kensuke , Uchida Shota , Noda Takumi , Hotta Kazuki , Maekawa Emi , Matsunaga Atsuhiko , Yamaoka-Tojo Minako , Ako Junya , Miyaji Kagami 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
This prospective study focused on routine computed tomography (CT) imaging for aortic disease management and evaluated the trajectory of skeletal muscle changes through inpatient and outpatient cardiac rehabilitation.

Design
Prospective observational study included patients who underwent abdominal CT three times (baseline, post-acute care, and follow-up). The area and density of the all-abdominal and erector spine muscles and intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) were measured. A generalized linear model with patients as random effects was used to investigate skeletal muscle changes.

Results
Thirty-nine patients completed outpatient cardiac rehabilitation, and 60 were incomplete. Skeletal muscle area significantly decreased from baseline to the follow-up period only in the incomplete rehabilitation group. Skeletal muscle density significantly decreased from baseline to post-acute care and increased at the follow-up period, but only patients who completed rehabilitation showed recovery up to baseline at the follow-up period. These trajectories were more pronounced in the erector spine muscle. IMAT showed a trend of gradual increase, but only the incomplete rehabilitation group showed a significant difference from baseline to the follow-up period.

Conclusion
The density of skeletal muscle may reflect the most common clinical course; skeletal muscle area and IMAT are unlikely to improve positively, and their maintenance seemed optimal.
Neutralizing antibody responses and cellular responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 omicron subvariant BA.5 after an mRNA severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine dose in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Kawashiro Keita , Suzuki Rigel , Nogimori Takuto , Iwahara Naoya , Hirose Takayuki , Okada Kazufumi , Yamamoto Takuya , Fukuhara Takasuke , Hotta Kiyohiko , Shinohara Nobuo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe examined the anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody titers and cellular immunity in 73 uninfected recipients and 17 uninfected healthy controls who received three doses of a coronavirus 2019 mRNA vaccine. Neutralizing antibody titers were evaluated using GFP-carrying recombinant SARS-CoV-2 with spike protein of B.1.1, omicron BA.1, or BA.5. For cellular immunity, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with peptides corresponding to spike protein antigens of B.1.1, BA.1, and BA.5; spike-specific CD4/CD8 memory T cells were evaluated using intracellular cytokine staining. The median IgG antibody titers were 7.8 AU/mL in recipients and 143.0 AU/mL in healthy controls (p < 0.0001). Neutralizing antibody titers against all three viral variants were significantly lower in recipients (p < 0.0001). The number of spike-specific CD8 + memory T cells significantly decreased in recipients (p < 0.0001). Twenty recipients and seven healthy controls additionally received a bivalent omicron-containing booster vaccine, and IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody titers increased in both groups; however, the increase was significantly lower in recipients. Recipients did not gain sufficient immunity with a third dose of vaccine, suggesting a need to explore methods other than vaccines.
Mesoscale DNA Features Impact APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B Deaminase Activity and Shape Tumor Mutational Landscapes
Authors: Sanchez Ambrocio , Ortega Pedro , Sakhtemani Ramin , Manjunath Lavanya , Oh Sunwoo , Bournique Elodie , Becker Alexandrea , Kim Kyumin , Durfee Cameron , Temiz Nuri Alpay , Chen Xiaojiang S. , Harris Reuben S. , Lawrence Michael S. , Buisson Rémi 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTAntiviral DNA cytosine deaminases APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B are major sources of mutations in cancer by catalyzing cytosine-to-uracil deamination. APOBEC3A preferentially targets singlestranded DNAs, with a noted affinity for DNA regions that adopt stem-loop secondary structures. However, the detailed substrate preferences of APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B have been fully established, and the specific influence of the DNA sequence on APOBEC3A APOBEC3B deaminase activity remains to be investigated. Here, we find that APOBEC3B selectively targets DNA stem-loop structures, and they are distinct from those subjected deamination by APOBEC3A. We develop Oligo-seq, a novel in vitro sequencing-based to identify specific sequence contexts promoting APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B activity. Through this approach, we demonstrate that APOBEC3A an APOBEC3B deaminase activity is strongly regulated by specific sequences surrounding the targeted cytosine. Moreover, we identify structural features of APOBEC3B and APOBEC3A responsible for their substrate preferences. Importantly, we determine that APOBEC3B-induced mutations in hairpin-forming sequences within tumor genomes differ from the DNA stem-loop sequences mutated by APOBEC3A. Together, our study provides evidence that APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B can generate mutation landscapes in cancer genomes, driven by their unique substrate selectivity.
The inter-continental population dynamics ofNeisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Osnes Magnus N , Brynildsrud Ola B , Alfsnes Kristian , van Dorp Lucy , McKeand Samantha A , Ross Jonathan , Town Katy , de Korne-Elenbaas Jolinda , van Dam Alje , Bruisten Sylvia , de Blasio Birgitte F , Caugant Dominique A , Grad Yonatan H. , Williamson Deborah A , Balloux Francois , Didelot Xavier , Eldholm Vegard 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNeisseria gonorrhoeaeis a globally distributed sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen. Recent studies have revealed that its evolution has been shaped by antibiotic use, while molecular surveillance efforts have demonstrated large changes in lineage composition over relatively short time-spans. However, the global population dynamics ofN. gonorrhoeaeremain unsatisfyingly characterized.To reconstruct recent large-scale population dynamics, we generated a dated phylogeny from 9,732N. gonorrhoeaegenomes and found the effective population size of the species to have expanded gradually over the past two centuries. While the effective population size of clades with reduced susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins started declining around 2010, a major clade containing a mosaicmtroperon associated with cephalosporin susceptibility and decreased azithromycin did not display any reduction in population size.Using ancestral trait reconstruction analyses, we delineated transmission lineages, defined as groups of sequences in which all the samples can be traced back to the same import event to a given location. Import, export and local transmission dynamics across two densely sampled locations (Norway and Victoria, Australia) were investigated in detail. Norway exhibited substantially higher rates of strain import and export compared to Victoria, where incidence was to a larger extent fuelled by locally transmitted lineages. Taken together, our work highlights the power of large-scale phylogenomic analyses to uncover the complex dynamics of lineage transmission inN. gonorrhoeae.
Strategic acyl carrier protein engineering enables functional type II polyketide synthase reconstitutionin vitro
Authors: Li Kevin , Cho Yae In , Tran Mai Anh , Wiedemann Christoph , Zhang Shuaibing , Koweek Rebecca S. , Hoàng Ngọc Khánh , Hamrick Grayson S. , Bowen Margaret A. , Kokona Bashkim , Stallforth Pierre , Beld Joris , Hellmich Ute A. , Charkoudian Louise K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMicrobial polyketides represent a structurally diverse class of secondary metabolites with medicinally relevant properties and are synthesized by polyketide synthases (PKS). While Type I PKSs are large biosynthetic machineries composed of a single polypeptide chain, type II PKSs are minimally composed of a ketosynthase-chain length factor (KS-CLF) and a phosphopantetheinylated acyl carrier protein (holo-ACP) expressed separately. Although type II PKSs are found throughout the bacterial kingdom, and despite their importance to strategic bioengineering, type II PKSs have not been well-studiedin vitro: In cases where the KS-CLF can be accessed viaE. coliheterologous expression, the cognate ACPs are not activatable by the broad specificityBacillus subtilissurfactin-producing phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase) Sfp and, conversely, in systems where the ACP can be activated by Sfp, the corresponding KS-CLF is typically not readily obtained. Here, we report the high-yield heterologous expression of both cyanobacterialGloeocapsasp. PCC 7428 minimal type II PKS (gloPKS) components inE. coli, which allowed us to functionally reconstitute this minimal type II PKSin vitro. Initially, neither the cognate PPTase nor Sfp converted gloACP to its activeholostate. However, by examining sequence differences between Sfp-compatible and -incompatible ACPs, we identified two conserved residues in gloACP that, when mutated, enabled high-yield phosphopantetheinylation of gloACP by Sfp. Using analogous mutations, other previously Sfp-incompatible type II PKS ACPs from different bacterial phyla were also rendered activatable by Sfp. This demonstrates the generalizability of our approach and breaks down a longstanding barrier to type II PKS studies and the exploration of complex biosynthetic pathways.
Tmem263 deletion disrupts the GH/IGF-1 axis and causes dwarfism and impairs skeletal acquisition
Authors: Sarver Dylan C. , Garcia-Diaz Jean , Saqib Muzna , Riddle Ryan C. , Wong G. William 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a large number of candidate genes believed to affect longitudinal bone growth and bone mass. One of these candidate genes,TMEM263, encodes a poorly characterized plasma membrane protein. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in TMEM263 are associated with bone mineral density in humans and mutations are associated with dwarfism in chicken and severe skeletal dysplasia in at least one human fetus. Whether this genotype-phenotype relationship is causal, however, remains unclear. Here, we determine whether and how TMEM263 is required for postnatal growth. Deletion of theTmem263gene in mice causes severe postnatal growth failure, proportional dwarfism, and impaired skeletal acquisition. Mice lacking Tmem263 show no differences in body weight within the first two weeks of postnatal life. However, by P21 there is a dramatic growth deficit due to a disrupted GH/IGF-1 axis, which is critical for longitudinal bone growth.Tmem263-null mice have low circulating IGF-1 levels and pronounced reductions in bone mass and growth plate length. The low serum IGF-1 inTmem263-null mice is associated with reduced hepatic GH receptor (GHR) expression and GH-induced JAK2/STAT5 signaling. A deficit in GH signaling dramatically alters GH-regulated genes and feminizes the liver transcriptome of Tmem263-null male mice, with their expression profile resembling a wild-type female, hypophysectomized male, and Stat5b-null male mice. Collectively, our data validates the causal role for Tmem263 in regulating postnatal growth and raises the possibility that rare mutations or variants ofTMEM263may potentially cause GH insensitivity and impair linear growth.
Essential Gene Knockdowns Reveal Genetic Vulnerabilities and Antibiotic Sensitivities in Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Ward Ryan D. , Tran Jennifer S. , Banta Amy B. , Bacon Emily E. , Rose Warren E. , Peters Jason M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria underscores the
need to define genetic vulnerabilities that can be therapeutically exploited.
The Gram-negative pathogen,Acinetobacter baumannii,
is considered an urgent threat due to its propensity to evade antibiotic
treatments. Essential cellular processes are the target of existing antibiotics
and a likely source of new vulnerabilities. AlthoughA.
baumanniiessential genes have been identified by transposon
sequencing (Tn-seq), they have not been prioritized by sensitivity to knockdown
or antibiotics. Here, we take a systems biology approach to comprehensively
characterizeA. baumanniiessential genes using
CRISPR interference (CRISPRi). We show that certain essential genes and pathways
are acutely sensitive to knockdown, providing a set of vulnerable targets for
future therapeutic investigation. Screening our CRISPRi library against
last-resort antibiotics uncovered genes and pathways that modulate beta-lactam
sensitivity, an unexpected link between NADH dehydrogenase activity and growth
inhibition by polymyxins, and anticorrelated phenotypes that underpin synergy
between polymyxins and rifamycins. Our study demonstrates the power of
systematic genetic approaches to identify vulnerabilities in Gram-negative
pathogens and uncovers antibiotic-essential gene interactions that better inform
combination therapies.

Importance
Acinetobacter baumanniiis a hospital-acquired
pathogen that is resistant to many common antibiotic treatments. To combat
resistantA. baumanniiinfections, we need to
identify promising therapeutic targets and effective antibiotic
combinations. In this study, we comprehensively characterize the genes and
pathways that are critical forA.
baumanniiviability. We show that genes involved in aerobic
metabolism are central toA. baumanniiphysiology
and may represent appealing drug targets. We also find antibiotic-gene
interactions that may impact the efficacy of carbapenems, rifamycins, and
polymyxins, providing a new window into how these antibiotics function in
mono- and combination therapies. Our studies offer a useful approach for
characterizing interactions between drugs and essential genes in pathogens
to inform future therapies.
Prediction of optimal 3D printing orientation using vertically sparse voxelization and modified support structure tomography
Authors: Jung Jin Young , Chee Seonkoo , Sul InHwan 
Published: August 2023

PurposeIncreasingly 3D printing is used for parts of garments or for making whole garments due to their flexibility and comfort and for functionalizing or enhancing the aesthetics of the final garment and hence adding value. Many of these applications rely on complex programming of the 3D printer and are usually provided by the vendor company. This paper introduces a simpler, easier platform for designing 3D-printed textiles, garments and other artifacts, by predicting the optimal orientation of the target objects to minimize the use of plastic filaments.Design/methodology/approachThe main idea is based on the shadow-casting analogy, which assumes that the volume of the support structure is similar to that of the shadow from virtual sunlight. The triangular elements of the target object are converted into 3D pixels with integer-based normal vectors and real-numbered coordinates via vertically sparse voxelization. The pixels are classified into several groups and their noise is suppressed using a specially designed noise-filtering algorithm called slot pairing. The final support structure volume information was rendered as a two-dimensional (2D) figure, similar to a medical X-ray image. Thus, the authors named their method modified support structure tomography.FindingsThe study algorithm showed an error range of no more than 1.6% with exact volumes and 6.8% with slicing software. Moreover, the calculation time is only several minutes for tens of thousands of mesh triangles. The algorithm was verified for several meshes, including the cone, sphere, Stanford bunny and human manikin.Originality/valueSimple hardware, such as a CPU, embedded system, Arduino or Raspberry Pi, can be used. This requires much less computational resources compared with the conventional g-code generation. Also, the global and local support structure is represented both quantitatively and graphically via tomographs.
Legitimising CSR through the institutional backup – gauging compliance of the Indian corporate sector in the mandatory regime
Authors: Bhatia Aparna , Dhawan Amandeep 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
This study aims to calculate the corporate social responsibility (CSR) expenditure made by companies as per the provisions of Section 135 of Companies Act 2013 and check the status of compliance/non-compliance of these provisions in the mandatory regime of CSR.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on a sample of top 500 Indian companies listed on Bombay Stock Exchange, the study compares the CSR expenditure required to be incurred by companies with the actual CSR expenditure made by them over a time span of seven years and calculates the extent of surplus or deficit attained by them starting from the year of inception of CSR provisions, 2014–2015, till the most recent year, 2020–2021.

Findings
The findings indicate that the average CSR expenditure made by Indian corporate sector is less than the mandatory requirement. More than half of the companies do not comply with the CSR regulations of the country. Even the “Most Profitable” companies fail to contribute the minimum required amount towards social activities akin to their counterparts in the “Less” and “Least” profitable categories.

Practical implications
The disobedience towards the statutory provisions implies that Indian companies are non-compliant towards CSR guidelines despite the regulative institutional pressure that makes CSR a mandatory practice to legitimise it.

Originality/value
The study contributes to the CSR literature in the light of the transformed regulative institutional environment in India. It includes a comprehensive analysis of compliance of companies with the revised statutes over all the years since the inception of new mandatory guidelines on CSR till the most recent time period on a representative sample, thus, making the findings robust and generic with respect to India.
The dimensional impact of escapism on users’ eCart abandonment: mediating role of attitude towards online shopping
Authors: Mazhar Reema , Qayyum Abdul , Jamil Raja Ahmed 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
By integrating uses and gratification theory (UGT) and online buying behavior theory (OBBT), this study aims to examine the impact of escapism motives (self-suppression and self-expansion) and attitude toward online shopping (ATS) on eCart abandonment. In addition, the mediating role of ATS between escapism motives and eCart abandonment is examined.

Design/methodology/approach
Structural equations modeling was performed on the data of 400 consumers using AMOS 26.

Findings
The results indicated that escapism motivations impacted users’ eCart abandonment, and the attitude toward online shopping mediated this relationship.

Practical implications
The findings of this study imply that online sellers should understand the consumer motives for website use. In response, better strategies should be developed to reduce eCart abandonment.

Originality/value
This study extends knowledge of eCart abandonment by theoretical integration of UGT and OBBT and identification of the intrinsic predictors of virtual cart abandonment behavior. In addition, it is one of the early attempts to examine the dimensional impact of escapism on eCart abandonment.
Exosomal miR‐let‐7c‐5p is involved in the cognitive function of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients by interleukin 10: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhang Hui , Yang Shufang , Zhu Wenwen , Niu Tong , Wang Jue , Yang Mingyue , Liu Enlin , Wang Jumei , Li Sumei , Zhang Haoqiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundInterleukin (IL)‐10 plays a notable role in the inflammatory‐associated mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We aimed to investigate whether IL‐10 and its upstream factors exert an impact on MCI in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.MethodsA total of 117 T2DM patients were recruited and divided into Control group and MCI group based on the presence or absence of MCI. Clinical parameters were collected. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was conducted for global cognitive function. Digit Span Test (DST), Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), and Trail Making Test‐B (TMTB) were used to evaluate the executive functions of the diabetic patients. Trail Making Test‐A (TMTA) was performed to examine the information processing speed function. Patients' scene memory was examined by Logical Memory Test (LMT). After the baseline data were compared, correlation and regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship among IL‐10, miR‐let‐7c‐5p and cognitive function.ResultsCompared to 80 patients in the control group, 37 patients in the MCI group exhibited lower IL‐10 in plasma and higher miR‐let‐7c‐5p levels in exosomes from plasma. The IL‐10 level was negatively associated with MoCA. Likewise, miR‐let‐7c‐5p levels were negatively correlated with IL‐10 levels and MoCA. Elevated miR‐let‐7c‐5p levels and decreased IL‐10 levels are risk factors for MCI in T2DM patients. Increased miR‐let‐7c‐5p and downregulated IL‐10 may influence VFT and TMTB, respectively, associated with executive function.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that IL‐10 is correlated to the executive function of T2DM patients. Decreased IL‐10 may result from the regulation of miR‐let‐7c‐5p in exosomes.