bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral Tarsorrhaphy and Fixation on the Orbital Ligament to Correct Macroblepharon in Dogs: 77 Palpebral Fissures
Authors: Werner‐Tutschku Maximilian , Nell Barbara 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeTo describe a surgical method for correcting lower lid entropion, lateral canthal entropion, and macroblepharon.MethodsLid margins were incised at a 45° angle, and lateral lid margins and a rhomboid shaped piece of skin were resected based on the degree of macroblepharon. Subcutaneous tissue was sutured with absorbable sutures and anchored to the orbital ligament with a non‐absorbable suture to maintain lateral canthal position. A new lateral canthus was formed using a “figure of eight” technique with absorbable sutures, and the skin was closed with simple interrupted sutures. Complications were categorized as minor (wound infections, delayed healing) or major (orbital ligament detachment).ResultsLateral tarsorrhaphy with orbital ligament fixation was performed on 77 palpebral fissures (PF) in 39 dogs, with English Cocker Spaniels and Great Danes being the most affected breeds. Most dogs were male (72%) with a median age of 23 months; 69% were under 50 months. Of the PF treated, 57 (74%) had no complications, 11 (14%) had minor complications, and 9 (12%) had major complications, including six cases of ruptured orbital ligament fixation and one case of unilateral entropion recurrence. One dog was euthanized due to severe complications from auto‐mutilation and lack of compliance.ConclusionThis surgical method effectively corrects diamond‐shaped eyes, although complications can occur, especially in male dogs with excessive facial skin.
Experimental Study on the Performance in Milling Operations of Inconel® 718 With TiN/TiAlN-Coated Tools
Authors: Sebbe N. P. V. , Silva F. J. G. , Iglesias I. , Jesus A. , Sales-Contini R. C. M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Inconel® 718 alloy presents superior mechanical properties, which is why it is considered a difficult-to-machine material. To improve the milling process performance, multilayer TiN/TiAlN-coated tools were deposited by Physical Vapor Deposition High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering. Moreover, a lacuna exists in the literature concerning the milling of Inconel® 718 and the selection of ideal machining parameters. Based on this, the surface roughness (Ra), the evolution of flank wear, wear mechanisms, and the tool lifespan were analyzed. The parameters varied in the process were cutting speed (Vc), feed per tooth (fz), and cutting length (Lcut). It was possible to verify the influence of the cutting length on the aspects evaluated and to observe that the cutting speed has a great impact, since the higher this parameter, the greater the roughness and wear obtained, and the shorter the tool life. The primary degradation mechanisms were as follows: abrasive, followed by material adhesion, with the onset of built-up edge development.
Design and Analysis of a Liftfan for eVTOL Aircraft
Authors: Hine R. D. , Cousins D. R. , Maden L. , Walker S. J. , Atkins N. R. , Grimshaw S. D. , Taylor J. V. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ducted liftfans provide greater hovering efficiency to electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft than open propellers of equal disk area. Liftfans are designed with minimized length to limit propulsor weight added and drag incurred during forward flight. Three challenges posed by the liftfan propulsor configuration are addressed in this paper. First, instead of a single-row propeller, liftfans require the design of a fully integrated stage. To maximize the hovering figure of merit, a non-dimensional measure of power consumption, the preliminary and 3D design variables of the rotor and splittered diffuser stator rows are optimized simultaneously using 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The resulting prototype liftfan design is validated through experimental testing. Second, despite efficiency improvements during hover, liftfans sustain additional inlet distortion and drag during forward flight due to their surrounding nacelles. A low-order model is developed to investigate the maximum range for different fan designs with varying diffuser area ratios and forward flight tilt angles. Design selections are validated using full annulus, 3D CFD, and experimental wind tunnel tests. Third, as the electric motors of liftfans are mounted within the hub, fan-driven active cooling is necessary to prevent overheating. The stagnation pressure losses incurred by cooling airflow must be minimized without impeding heat transfer. Low-order models are developed to predict motor heat transfer and loss and to guide the design of a mixed-flow cooling fan. Experimental testing and 3D CFD simulations confirm that the addition of forward sweep and adoption of a high blade count can reduce cooling fan losses.
Unsteadiness in the Secondary Flows of a High-Speed Low-Pressure Turbine Cascade With Unsteady Wakes and Purge Flow
Authors: Lopes Gustavo , Lavagnoli Sergio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This work investigates the unsteady interactions between incoming wakes and purge flow in a high-speed low-pressure turbine cascade tested under engine-representative conditions. Experiments were conducted in a linear cascade at outlet Mach and Reynolds numbers of 0.90 and 70,000, respectively. Unsteady wakes characterized by a reduced frequency of 0.95 are generated by cylindrical bars. Purge flow was injected at varying mass flow rates through a cavity slot to study its effect on the modulation of secondary flows. Phase-averaged measurements using a fast-response pressure probe operated in a virtual mode mapped the unsteady development of secondary flows regarding energy loss, turbulence intensity, and flow angles at the outlet. Results highlight a significant strengthening of secondary flow structures when introducing purge flow, in contrast to the weaker passage vortex observed without the cavity slot. The passage vortex was periodically suppressed in the absence of purge, while purge flow enhanced the turbulence intensity and the extent of loss fluctuations in the secondary flow region. This study provides insights into secondary flow modulation and the complex interactions between purge flow and unsteady wakes.
Complete genome sequences of mycobacteriophages JayJay and Rinkes
Authors: Liebenberg Dale , Sungu Nday L. , Machowski Edith E. , Ealand Christopher S. , Kana Bavesh D. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

The complete genome sequences were determined for two mycobacteriophages isolated from
Mycobacterium smegmatis
mc
2
155. JayJay, a
myoviral
bacteriophage from cluster C1, encodes 234 putative genes, 32 tRNAs, and 1 tmRNA. Rinkes, a
siphoviral
bacteriophage from cluster B9, harbors a smaller genome encoding 93 putative genes.
Longitudinal increase in physical activity and adverse cardiovascular outcomes following the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Cho Dong-Hyuk , Jae Sae Young , Kunutsor Setor , Choi Jimi , Gwon Jun Gyo 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesPhysical activity (PA) provides protective effects against cardiovascular diseases, including ischaemic heart disease. However, recommending moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) to patients with recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) raises concerns owing to potential risk of recurrent ACS or fatal arrhythmias. This study investigated the association between longitudinal PA changes following an ACS diagnosis and subsequent cardiovascular outcomes, including non-fatal coronary events, non-fatal stroke and cardiovascular mortality.MethodsThis longitudinal cohort study used Korean National Health Insurance Service data from 2010 to 2017, comprising 30 840 patients diagnosed with ACS following invasive coronary angiography or bypass surgery. Leisure-time PA was self-reported, with the frequency and intensity measured weekly. The primary endpoint was a composite of nonfatal coronary events, non-fatal stroke and cardiovascular mortality. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models assessed the association between PA changes and cardiovascular outcomes.ResultsAmong patients with ACS (mean age: 60±11 years, men: 81.3%), mean PA levels increased from 544±556 metabolic equivalent task (MET)-min/week to 594±567 MET-min/week. Over 6.7 years of median follow-up, 5639 cardiovascular events occurred. Increased PA was associated with lower cardiovascular event risk (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.98). Consistent MVPA pre-ACS and post-ACS reduced cardiovascular event risk (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.96) and MVPA initiation showed a modest risk reduction (HR: 0.91, MET-min/95% CI 0.82 to 1.01).ConclusionsLongitudinal increases in self-reported PA, maintenance of MVPA and possibly MVPA initiation after ACS reduced the risk of cardiovascular events. Initiating or maintaining MVPA could be an important strategy in improving cardiovascular outcomes following ACS.
The efficacy and safety of thymosin α1 for sepsis (TESTS): multicentre, double blinded, randomised, placebo controlled, phase 3 trial
Authors: Wu Jianfeng , Pei Fei , Zhou Lixin , Li Weiqin , Sun Renhua , Li Yimin , Wang Zheng , He Zhijie , Zhang Xiaofei , Jin Xiaodong , Long Yun , Cui Wei , Wang Chunting , Chen Erzhen , Zeng Jun , Yan Jing , Lin Qinhan , Zhou Feihu , Huang Lei , Shang You , Duan Meili , Zheng Wei , Zhu Duming , Kou Qiuye , Zhang Shihong , Liu Yin , Yao Chen , Shang Meixia , Peng Sui , Zhou Qian , Cheng Kar Keung , Guan Xiangdong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate whether the immunomodulatory drug thymosin α1 reduces mortality in adults with sepsis.

Design
Multicentre, double blinded, placebo controlled phase 3 trial.

Setting
22 centres in China, September 2016 to December 2020.

Participants
1106 adults aged 18-85 years with a diagnosis of sepsis according to sepsis-3 criteria and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive thymosin α1 (n=552) or placebo (n=554). A stratified block method was used for randomisation, and participants were stratified by age (<60 and ≥60 years) and centre.

Interventions
Subcutaneous injection of thymosin α1 or placebo every 12 hours for seven days unless discontinued owing to discharge from the intensive care unit, death, or withdrawal of consent.

Main outcome measure
The primary outcome was 28 day all cause mortality after randomisation. All analyses were based on a modified intention-to-treat set, including participants who received at least one dose of study drug.

Results
Of 1106 adults with sepsis enrolled in the study, 1089 were included in the modified intention-to-treat analyses (thymosin α1 group n=542, placebo group n=547). 28 day all cause mortality occurred in 127 participants (23.4%) in the thymosin α1 group and 132 (24.1%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0.99, 95% confidence interval 0.77 to 1.27; P=0.93 with log-rank test). No secondary or safety outcome differed statistically significantly between the two groups. The prespecified subgroup analysis showed a potential differential effect of thymosin α1 on the primary outcome based on age (<60 years: hazard ratio 1.67, 1.04 to 2.67; ≥60 years: 0.81, 0.61 to 1.09; P for interaction=0.01) and diabetes (diabetes: 0.58, 0.35 to 0.99; no diabetes: 1.16, 0.87 to 1.53; P for interaction=0.04).

Conclusions
This trial found no clear evidence to suggest that thymosin α1 decreases 28 day all cause mortality in adults with sepsis.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02867267
.
Temporal dynamics and distributions of sardine and anchovy in the southern California Current Ecosystem
Authors: Tran Bryant , Barton Andrew D. , Muhling Barbara , Semmens Brice X. , Erisman Brad , Craig Matthew T. , Jiménez-Rosenberg Sylvia P. A. , Aceves-Medina Gerardo , Thompson Andrew R. 
Published: January 2025

Anchovies and sardines are some of the most economically and ecologically important and well-studied fishes on Earth, but there is still uncertainty regarding how distributions and abundances change through time and space. We bring together larval abundance data for northern anchovy ( Engraulis mordax) and Pacific sardine ( Sardinops sagax) collected by United States and Mexican scientists over 50 years (1963–2015) to test the Basin and Asynchrony hypotheses. The Basin hypothesis states that a species’ geographic range and spawning area ( R) increase with overall abundance ( A) according to a power law, R = aAb , where the exponent ( b) is less than ∼0.5 when the rate of increasing area occupied saturates as population size increases. The Asynchrony hypothesis postulates that anchovy and sardine abundances are negatively correlated through time. We found that the Basin hypothesis was supported for both species but the Asynchrony hypothesis was not during this 53-year period. Due to collaboration between US and Mexican scientists, we were able to better understand how two important fishes utilize their environment.
Moderating Effects of Age on the Longitudinal Associations Between IADL Disability, Self‐Rated Health, and Depression Among Middle‐Aged and Older Adults
Authors: Peng Man-Man , Wang Pengfei , Liang Zurong , Chen Ziyuan 
Published: January 2025

Background: The potential association and underlying mechanisms between instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and depressive symptoms in middle‐ and older‐aged adults remain unclear. This study explores the bidirectional relationship between IADL disability and depressive symptoms among Chinese middle‐aged and older adults and examines the mediating or moderating effects of self‐rated health (SRH) and age on this relationship.Methods: We used data from five waves (2011, 2013, 2015, 2018, and 2020) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a nationally representative survey. A total of 4830 participants aged 45 and older were included in the analysis. Longitudinal associations between IADL disability, SRH, and depressive symptoms were tested using cross‐lagged models to simultaneously evaluate the bidirectional association and the strength of the temporal association.Results: Among middle‐aged and older adults, there was a significant bidirectional longitudinal relationship between IADL disabilities and depressive symptoms. Higher levels of IADL disability predicted an increased risk of depressive symptoms and vice versa. SRH mediated the bidirectional relationship between IADL disabilities and depressive symptoms. Higher levels of IADL disability led to lower SRH, which further increased the risk of depressive symptoms and vice versa. Age moderated the cross‐lagged models, indicating that the effect of SRH on the bidirectional relationship between IADL disability and depressive symptoms was stronger in the middle‐aged group than that in the older group.Conclusion: The study results clarified the bidirectional relationship between IADL disability and depressive symptoms in middle‐aged and older adults. Healthcare providers can use the findings to design targeted interventions to address the decline in IADL function and potentially benefit mental health. Helping middle‐aged and older adults improve their SRH may interrupt the vicious cycle linking IADL disability and depressive symptoms, particularly in middle‐aged adults transitioning to old age.
Transcription Factor Fingerprint Provides Clues for Brain Tumor Cell of Origin
Authors: Orr Brent A. 
Published: January 2025

Mouse models that faithfully represent the biology of human brain tumors are critical tools for unraveling the underlying tumor biology and screening for potential precision therapies. This is especially true of rare tumor types, many of which have correspondingly few xenograft or cell lines available. Although our understanding of the specific biological pathways driving cancer has improved significantly, identifying the appropriate progenitor populations to drive oncogenic processes represents a significant barrier to efficient mouse model production. In this issue of Cancer Research, Jessa and colleagues developed an innovative transcription factor fingerprinting method to map the cellular origin of central nervous system neuroblastoma, FOXR2-activated to medial ganglionic eminence–derived interneurons, which could then be efficiently targeted in the developing mouse brain using in utero electroporation. This approach serves as a blueprint for investigating other rare pediatric brain tumors, potentially accelerating progress toward the development of mouse models and identification of effective therapies.
See related article by Jessa et al., p. 231
Abstract 002: Efficacy and Safety of Acute Therapy in Cervical Artery Dissection‐Related Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Shu L. , Sousa J. André , Rodrigo-Gisbert M. , Akpokiere F. , Mandel D. , Sargento-Freitas J. , Furie K. , Requena M. , Yaghi S. ,   STOP‐CAD study group
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Cervical artery dissection (CeAD) is a significant cause of ischemic stroke in young adults, accounting for 25% of such cases. However, the optimal management strategies, including the use of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and endovascular treatment (EVT) with emergent carotid stenting, remain unclear. Current evidence does not adequately define the efficacy and safety of these interventions, particularly their impact on functional outcomes and the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH).

Method
We performed a secondary analysis using data from the retrospective STOP‐CAD study to assess the effectiveness and safety of IVT in patients with spontaneous CeAD presenting with acute ischemic stroke, as well as the outcomes of emergent carotid stenting during EVT in patients with tandem occlusion due to CeAD. Primary outcomes included 90‐day functional independence (modified Rankin Scale 0‐2) and the incidence of symptomatic ICH. Secondary outcomes for EVT included the rate of successful intracranial recanalization and stent‐related complications.

Result
Among 1,653 patients with spontaneous CeAD, 31.0% received IVT. IVT was associated with significantly higher odds of achieving 90‐day functional independence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23‐2.28, p = 0.001) without a corresponding increase in symptomatic ICH (aOR = 1.52, 95% CI: 0.79‐2.92, p = 0.215). In the EVT cohort of 328 patients with tandem occlusion, 45.7% underwent emergent carotid stenting. Stenting was linked to a higher rate of successful intracranial recanalization (aOR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.52‐4.50, p < 0.001) but did not significantly affect 90‐day functional independence (aOR = 1.23, 95% CI: 0.82‐1.86, p = 0.32) or symptomatic ICH (aOR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.41‐2.20, p = 0.91). Stent‐related complications included stent thrombosis in 14.0% of patients, symptomatic ICH in 6.7%, distal embolization in 5.3%, worsening dissection in 3.3%, access site complications in 2.7%, and stent migration in 0.7%.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that IVT is beneficial in improving functional outcomes for patients with CeAD‐related ischemic stroke without increasing the risk of symptomatic ICH, supporting its recommended use in current clinical guidelines. Conversely, while emergent carotid stenting during EVT enhances recanalization success, it does not translate into improved functional outcomes or safety. These results underscore the necessity for randomized controlled trials to further investigate and refine the role of IVT and stenting in the management of CeAD‐related strokes, optimizing treatment strategies for this challenging condition.
Abstract 016: Natural evolution of incomplete reperfusion after endovascular therapy: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mujanovic A. , Windecker D. , Cimflova P. , Meinel T. R. , Seiffge D. J. , Auer E. , Arnold M. , Serrallach B. L. , Rohner R. , Dobrocky T. , Hill M. D. , Goyal M. , Piechowiak E. I. , Gralla J. , Fischer U. , Kaesmacher J. 
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Despite recent advances in endovascular therapy, up to half of acute ischemic stroke patients experience incomplete reperfusion (expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction, eTICI<3) after intervention. However, many of these patients will achieve complete delayed reperfusion at the 24h follow‐up, which is linked to good clinical outcome and minimal new infarct development. We aimed to systematically review literature and perform a meta‐analysis on the natural evolution of incomplete reperfusion after endovascular therapy.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase and PubMed up until March 1, 2024 using a predefined search strategy. Only full‐text English written articles reporting rates of either favorable (i.e. delayed reperfusion) or unfavorable progression (i.e. persistent perfusion deficit) of incompletely reperfused tissue were included. Primary outcome was the rates of delayed reperfusion 24h post‐intervention and its association with functional independence (modified Rankin Scale, mRS 0‐2) at 90 days post‐intervention. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random‐effects model. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and the Luis Furuya‐Kanamori (LFK) index.

Results
Six studies involving 950 patients (50.7% female; median age 71, IQR 60 ‐ 79) were included. Four studies assessed the evolution of incomplete reperfusion on MRI perfusion imaging, while two studies used DWI and NCCT imaging, where new infarct was used to denote unfavorable progression. Complete delayed reperfusion, or absence of new infarct, occurred in 41% (inter‐quartile range, IQR 33% ‐ 51%) of cases 24h post‐intervention. Achieving delayed reperfusion was associated with higher likelihood of functional independence at 90 days (OR 2.53, 95%CI 1.88 ‐ 3.42). No evidence of publication bias was found (LFK=0.2).

Conclusion
Nearly half of patients with incomplete reperfusion achieve complete delayed reperfusion, leading to favorable clinical outcomes. This subgroup of eTICI<3 patients may derive limited or potentially harmful effects from pursuing additional reperfusion strategies (e.g. intra‐arterial lytics or secondary distal thrombectomy). Accurately predicting the progression of incomplete reperfusion could optimize patient selection for adjunctive reperfusion attempts at the end of an intervention.