bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Produksi Kombucha Teh Hitam Menggunakan Jenis Pemanis dan Lama Fermentasi Berbeda
Authors: Putri Destiana Adinda , Komalasari Husnita , Ulpiana Mia , Salsabilah Aziza , Arianto Ahmad Rudi 
Published: July 2023

Kombucha adalah produk minuman fermentasi yang mengandung sejumlah vitamin, mineral, enzim, dan asam organic yang diketahui memiliki banyak manfaat bagi Kesehatan. Bahan utama pembuatan kombucha umumnya adalah teh hijau dan hitam. Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman, pengembangan produk kombucha telah banyak dilakukan untuk meningkatkan nilai tambahnya. Adapun jenis dan umlah substrat, berupa gula, dan kultur kombucha simbiotik yang digunakan dalam fermentasi bervariasi dan akan mempengaruhi kualitas dari produk akhir. Selain itu waktu fermentasi juga akan mempengaruhi kualitas dari produk yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari proses pembuatan kombucha teh hitam dengan jenis pemanis dan lama fermentasi berbeda terhadap karakteristik berupa warna, viskositas, pH dan terutama tingkat kesukaan konsumen. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) menggunakan 2 faktor yaitu jenis pemanis dan lama fermentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, jenis pemanis berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai L* dan a*, namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai b*, viskositas dan pH. Sedangkan lama fermentasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap seluruh parameter tersebut. Produk Kombucha dengan jenis pemanis gula dengan lama fermentasi memiliki rata-rata tingkat kesukaan tertinggi untuk parameter warna (5.60), aroma (5.08), rasa (4.80) dengan kadar vitamin C 0.95%. Namun tidak berbeda nyata dengan kombucha yang menggunakan pemanis madu dan lama fermentasi 8 hari dengan kadar vitamin C 1.89%. Kedua jenis kombucha ini diketahui memiliki aktivitas antimikroba untuk bakteri Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E.Coli, Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus.
Analisis Produksi dan Pendapatan Usahatani Jagung Hibrida di Desa Sidondo I Kecamatan Sigi Biromaru Kabupaten Sigi
Authors: Azwar  , Patta Dua  
Published: July 2023

Upaya peningkatan pendapatan petani dari suatu usahatani, secara umum sangat tergantung pada besarnya jumlah biaya produksi. Terutama untuk persediaan lahan, benih, pupuk dan tenaga kerja, yang kesemuanya sangat berpengaruh terhadap besar kecilnya penerimaan maupun pendapatan yang di peroleh petani/responden dari hasil usahataninya. Berdasarkan uraian yang dikemukakan pada latar belakang diatas maka permasalahannya adalah berapa produksi dan pendapatan serta kelayakan usahatani jagung hibrida di desa Sidondo Satu Kecamatan Sigi Biromaru Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui Produksi dan pendapatan Usahatani jagung Hibrida di Desa Sidondo Satu Kecamatan Sigi Biromaru, Mengetahui kelayakan usahatani jagung hibrida di Desa Sidondo Satu Kecamatan Sigi Biromaru Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Besarnya rata-rata biaya pada usaahatani Jagung di Desa Sidondo Satu Kecamatan Sigi Biromaru Kabupaten Sigi sebesar Rp 4,482,814 atau Rp 5,212,574,- per hektar dalam satu kali musim tanam. Sedangkan penerimaannya adalah sebesar Rp 20,538,000 atau Rp 23,881,395,- per hektar dalam satu kali musim tanam, sehingga pendapatan petani jagung hibrida dengan harga Rp 4,500/kg adalah Rp 16,055,186 atau Rp 18,668,821/ha. Besarnya rata-rata R/C pada usahatani jagung di Desa Sidondo Satu Kecamatan Sigi Biromaru Kabupaten Sigi adalah sebesar 4.6 Setiap pengeluaran biaya sebesar Rp 1,00 maka petani jagung akan mendapat penerimaan sebesar Rp 460 sehingga petani jagung memperoleh keuntungan sebesar Rp 360. Dengan demikian usahatani jagung di Desa Sidondo Satu Kecamatan Sigi Biromaru Kabupaten Sigi layak untuk diusahakan.
Nondestructive Evaluation of Cotton Genotypes for Resistance to Reniform Nematode
Authors: Stetina Salliana R. , Erpelding John E. 
Published: July 2023

Identification of new sources of reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford and Oliveira) resistance in cotton is critical to expanding host plant resistance to manage this important pathogen. Phenotyping plants in early breeding generations without destructive sampling would be useful for introgression of nematode resistance from exotic germplasm resources; therefore, a rapid, nondestructive method was developed to assess host plant resistance to the reniform nematode based on the number of females infecting the roots. In one set of experiments, the root system was cut off at 0, 1, 2.5, or 5 cm below the soil line and used to assess the number of females infecting this portion of the root system. Resistance could be accurately determined while leaving up to 5 cm of roots with the shoot. In a second set of experiments, the rate of plant recovery and reproductive development was evaluated using a combination of root retention (0, 1, 2.5 cm, or all root) and shoot retention (leaves at top two nodes, leaves at bottom two nodes, no leaves, all leaves) treatments. Plants more rapidly recovered using a treatment combination in which the top leaves and 2.5 cm roots were kept. This combination performed similarly to plants with neither shoots nor roots modified and was harvested 20 days sooner compared to some other treatment combinations.
MODERN APPROACHES TO CONTRACEPTION IN DOMESTIC AND WILD ANIMALS: A REVIEW
Authors: PADODARA R. J. , SINGH V. K. , ODEDARA A. B. , VASAVA A. A. , SHARMA A. K. , MEHTA V. M. 
Published: July 2023

Contraception is the use of practices, methods, or equipment to prevent pregnancy in a sexually active female. Contraception methods, often known as birth control, pregnancy prevention, or fertility control, are intended to prevent the fertilization of an egg or the implantation of an embryo within the uterus. Hormonal contraception is a term that refer to techniques of contraception that work by affecting the endocrine system. To reduce the population of stray animals and wildlife, as well as to control rabies and damage to agricultural commodities, crops, and forest resources, advanced and effective contraceptives are required. Recently, advanced compounds are used as contraceptives like classical use of Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), GnRH agonist, GnRH antagonist, and GnRH toxin conjugate-PAP in dogs and GnRH vaccines in deer, feral pigs, rabbits, and bisons. The possibility of limiting fertility by antibodies, inactivating important reproductive hormones, as established by active and passive immunization in animals, is a recent advancement in immunological contraception. Contraceptive vaccination (CV) could be a realistic and helpful alternative to currently existing contraception methods. The molecules being studied for CV development either target gamete production [luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)/GnRH, Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)], gamete function [sperm antigens and oocyte zona pellucida (ZP)], or gamete outcome (hCG). Veterinary candidate molecules are available like zone vaccine for dogs, bovine LH receptor vaccine, and phage peptide sperm protein vaccine. A number of target-based upcoming technologies include gene silencing, Kisspeptin, Gonadotropin inhibiting hormone (GnIH), Retinoic acid receptor antagonist, etc might make perfect and desirable contraception in animals and humans.
STABILITY OF Chinopodium quinoa GENOTYPES UNDER DIFFERENT NITROGEN FERTILIZER SOURCE AND LEVEL USING AMMI AND GGE-BIPLOT MODELS
Authors: AL-NAGGAR AHMED MEDHAT MOHAMED , YOUNIS ABD EL-SAMAD MAHMOUD , ATTA MOHAMED MOHAMED , EL-MONEIM MAISA LOTFY ABD , AL-METWALLY MARIAM SABRY 
Published: July 2023

The interaction between genotype and environment (G×E) reduces the heritability estimate and thus the efficiency of selection. Among many methods suggested for assessment of G×E interaction, AMMI analysis and GGE-biplot model are the best in giving detailed information. The aims of the present investigation were: (i) to estimate the G×E interaction for 37 quinoa genotypes and (ii) to identify the stable and/or adaptable genotypes across 12 environments (two fertilizer types × three N rates × two seasons) by using the AMMI and GGE-biplot models. In each environment, the randomized complete blocks design with three replications was used. Analysis of variance of AMMI indicated that genotype (G), environment (E) and G×E interaction had a highly significant influence on quinoa seed yield/ha. Based on AMMI model, NAD-1-W (G2), and Agritec-Beige (G6) could be considered stable across the test environments and among the five highest seed yielding genotypes in this experiment. R-103 (G9), Sekam-Bitter (G4), Nat-1(G8), ICBA-Q5 (G14) and CICA-17 (G12) were the highest yielding genotypes, but were considered the most unstable genotypes. The optimum environment E9 (organic fertilizer, low-N, 2018/19 season) is the most stable based on IPCAe-1 and ASV scores; therefore it is the lowest interactive environment for seed yield/ha, and is considered the ideal one for selection of adapted genotypes under organic fertilizer conditions. The environments E1 (organic fertilizer, high-N, 2017/18 season) showed good discrimination ability and representativeness, making it ideal for evaluating the genotypes of quinoa. Based on GGE-biplot model, Nat-1 (G8) was the winning genotype for the 1st mega environment that consisted of two environments. Sekam-Bitter (G4) was the winning genotype for the 2nd mega environment that consisted of four environments. R-103 (G9) was the winning genotype for the 3rd mega environment that consisted of six environments.
FOLIAR APPLICATION OF SALICYLIC ACID AND CALCIUM CHLORIDE ENHANCE HEAT STRESS TOLERANCE IN TOMATO
Authors: AYUB MUHAMMAD , ABBASI KAREEM YAR , AHMAD SAEED , ANJUM NAVEEDA , AZAM MUHAMMAD , GHANI M. AWAIS , JAHANGEER M. MUZAMIL , ASHRAF M. IRFAN , YUSUF ALQA , KHAN M. ARSLAN , SIDDIQUE IMRAN MUHAMMAD 
Published: July 2023

The aim of this research was to enhance heat stress tolerance potential in local tomato germplasm through exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) and calcium chloride (CaCl2). Various concentrations of salicylic acid (e.g., control, 2.5 mM, 3.5 mM and 4.5 mM) and calcium chloride (e.g., control, 0.3 mM, 0.4 mM and 0.5 mM) were applied for the duration of forty days. Physiological parameters include (stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency) as well as biochemical attributes (chlorophyll content, enzyme activities of catalase, peroxidase and superoxidase dismutase) of selected tomato genotypes estimated under heat stress conditions. The results revealed that SA and CaCl2 application enhanced vegetative growth of tomato genotypes as compared with control plants. An increased concentration of SA and CaCl2 showed the improved photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content and induced transpiration rate and stomatal conductance and antioxidant enzyme activity. The study proved that foliar spray of SA and CaCl2 involved in stabilizing the cell as well as cellular integrity under heat stress environment.
RESPONSE OF BELL PEPPER GERMPLASM, PHYTOEXTRACTS AND SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS TOWARDS SOUTHERN BLIGHT CAUSED BY Sclerotium rolfsii UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS
Authors: ATIQ MUHAMMAD , ZAFAR FAIZAN , RAJPUT NASIR AHMED , SAHI SHAHBAZ TALIB , HAMEED AKHTAR , ALI SHAFQAT , USMAN MUHAMMAD , KACHELO GHALIB AYAZ , NAWAZ AHMAD 
Published: July 2023

Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) is prone to attack by a number of diseases, but Southern blight is the most destructive disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. For selection of resistant source, ten varieties of bell pepper were screened out against southern blight in the research area, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Results demonstrated that two varieties (TSP-041 and Corral F1) exhibited resistance response, three varieties (Freedom F1, Super Globe F1 and SP-042) expressed moderately resistant, two varieties (Asha, Extra-2) showed moderately susceptible response and the remaining three (SP-041, Aleena F1 and Sayio F1) showed susceptible response against southern blight. For management, four fungicides namely (Cymoxanil+Mancozeb, Systhane, Matalaxyl+Mancozeb, Rescue) @ 0.05, 0.1 and 0.25 and four phytoextracts (Cassia fistula, Allium sativa, Azadirachta indica and Allium cepa) at three concentrations (S/50, S/25, S/15) were evaluated against southern blight of bell pepper on susceptible variety, Savio F1 under RCBD. Out of four fungicides Systhane showed minimum plants mortality (8.676%), while Cymoxanil+Mancozeb showed 14.46, Matalaxyl+Mancozeb 16.566 and Rescue 19.24% of plants mortality as compared to control under field conditions. Among four Plant extracts A. indica proved the most effective against southern blight followed by Cassia fistula, Allium sativa and Allium cepa as compared to control.
EVALUATION OF MASH (Vigna mungo (L.) HEPPER) LINES/ GENOTYPES FOR RESISTANCE/ TOLERANCE TO URDBEAN LEAF CRINKLE VIRUS (ULCV) AND MUNGBEAN YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS (MYMV) USING CLUSTER ANALYSIS
Authors: BATOOL ASIA , AKHTAR MUHAMMAD , IQBAL MUHAMMAD AZHAR , AMIN MUHAMMAD AMIR , FAROOQ JEHANZEB 
Published: July 2023

A field experiment comprising of 40 mash bean genotypes were conducted to screen the germplasm for Mung bean yellow mosaic virus and urdbean leaf crinkle virus. The genotypes were also evaluated for chlorophyll contents. The experiment was laid out using randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance was done to find out differences among the genotypes for MYMV and ULCV and chlorophyll contents. Significant variation was found for both diseases and chlorophyll contents. Cluster analysis revealed that cluster 3 genotypes with lower ULCV and lowest MYMV disease. The genotype 20M011 showed no symptoms of the MYMV disease followed by 21M001, 21M009, 62027, M-97, 20M004, 19M008 which exhibited disease incidence of 1%. Regarding studies of ULCV disease in same genotypes it was revealed that minimum infestation was found in genotype 20M003 4.0% followed by 19 M010, 16M004, 17 M011, 20M003, 20M012, 21M002, 21M004, 21M005, 21M006 with a value of 8.0%. The genotypes with higher tolerance may be exploited in breeding programmes aimed at the development of varieties having higher disease tolerance.
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR POTATO COMMON SCAB
Authors: AKRAM WAQAR , ABBAS AMJAD , MALIK NATASHA , SALEEM MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH , ASLAM MUHAMMAD USMAN , SHEHZAD ABID 
Published: July 2023

Common scab (CS) is a major disease and quality issue in potato crops all over the world. Due to surface degradation market value is decreased. In recent years, the understanding of CS has grown significantly, allowing a better identification of the causative pathogens and a better understanding of pathogenicity processes, as well as prospective techniques for modifying pathogen response for disease resistance. Effective control of the disease, on the other hand, remains challenging, and needs a better knowledge of both the host and the pathogen. Irrigation and lowering the pH of the soil are common yet ineffective management techniques. Change in environmental conditions can affect the pathogen virulence which may results in disease reduction. Improving environmental conditions to reduce CS is, paradoxically, conducive for other diseases. Disease resistant potato varieties would be the best control approach. This review, provides an overview of potato CS caused by some Streptomyces species (viz. scabies, europaeiscabiei, turgidiscabies, that produce phytotoxins known as thaxtomins. Recent research findings on disease causes and treatment, and knowledge gaps that prevent successful control of this widespread and severe disease. This review also targets the history, symptoms and casual organisms of CS along with integrated management strategies (IMS) that includes soil amendments and agronomic practices.
OPTIMIZATION OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON In vitro PROPAGATION OF Moringa oleifera Lam. AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF FIELD GROWN TISSUE CULTURED PLANTS
Authors: CHAU MAI HAI , SAM HOANG VAN 
Published: July 2023

Moringa oleifera is the most widely cultivated species of the Moringaceae family attributed to several medicinal uses and a high nutritional value. To obtain plantlets of drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.) with identical genetic make up for propagation or field production, in vitro cultures of drumstick tree were produced. For multiple shoot induction, the stem explants of drumstick tree plantlets were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) agar medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzyl adenine purine (BAP) and maintained at 25 ± 2°C for 5 weeks. The results showed that multiple shoot induction was present in the stem explants that were cultured on the MS medium supplemented with BAP at the concentration range of 0.5 - 3.0 mg/l or the combination of BAP at 1.5 mg/l, TDZ at the range of 0.2 - 1.0 mg/l and NAA at the range of 0.2 -1.0 mg/l. The MS medium containing BAP at 1.5 mg/l was found to produce 95.3% shoot formation with the highest average number of 8.4 shoots per explants. For plant regeneration, the shoot explants were cultured on ½ MS + 7 g/l agar + 15 g/l sucrose supplemented with IBA and IAA at different concentration root induction. The results showed that ½ MS + 7 g/l agar + 15 g/l sucrose supplemented with IBA at 0.3 mg/l and IAA at 0.2 mg/l produced 100% root formation with the highest average number of 4.2 roots per explants and 3.5 cm in length. The medium consisting of (40% soil + 50% sawdust + 10% worm compost) gave the highest average survival rate (88.9%) after 5 weeks under greenhouse conditions. Tissue culture protocol reported in this study is an alternative means of micro propagation of drumstick plantlets with uniform genotypes for breeding selection and field production.
In Vitro CALLUS PROLIFERATION FOR PRODUCTION OF SHIKONIN DERIVATIVES AND PROTEIN PROFILING IN Arnebia hispidissima (Lehm.) A.DC.
Authors: RAM KHETA , PATEL ASHOK KUMAR , CHOUDHARY SUMITRA KUMARI , SHEKHAWAT N. S. 
Published: July 2023

Arnebia hispidissima (Lehm.) A.DC. (Boraginaceae), a red dye-yielding and medicinally important plant, is commonly distributed in arid/semi-arid regions of Rajasthan. This paper highlights an in vitro callus proliferation protocol for production of shikonin and its derivatives. Immature seeds explants were found to be most favorable for callus induction (74.6±1.52%). During callus induction, the maximum percentage response (78.9±1.57) was achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS, 1962) medium with additives supplemented with NAA (1.0 mg L-1) and 2, 4-D (2.0 mg L-1). Dye producing red colored globular and fast-growing (four-fold) callus was achieved on 2, 4-D (0.1 mg L-1), Kin (0.5 mg L-1) and BAP (0.1 mg L-1). In vivo root extract and in vitro proliferated callus extract were compared using thin layer chromatography (TLC). Six and four promising bands were recorded from in vivo root extract and in vitro callus extract, respectively on the Methanol : Chloroform (1:9) extraction system. Three different types of calli (red, dark red and green) growing on varying media composition were studied for differential gene expression using SDS – PAGE which revealed presence of seven, twelve and twelve protein bands, respectively. The presence of one extra band (21.4 kDa) in dark red callus might be responsible for dye/shikonin derivative production. The results obtained in this study are preliminary and requires further analysis of protein profile/proteome in order to understand the shikonin production mechanism in this plant.
HERITABILITY, GENETIC ADVANCE AND TRAIT INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF Chenopodium quinoa UNDER LOW, MEDIUM AND HIGH N ORGANIC AND MINERAL FERTILIZER CONDITIONS
Authors: AL-NAGGAR AHMED MEDHAT MOHAMED , ATTA MOHAMED MOHAMED , EL-MONEIM MAISA LOTFY ABD , AL-METWALLY MARIAM SABRY 
Published: July 2023

Strong correlations (r) between grain yield and other related traits along with high heritability (H2b) and high genetic advance (GA) would help plant breeder to use such traits as selection criteria for high yielding genotype. The objectives of the present investigation were: (i) to assess H2b and GA for 28 traits of 37 quinoa genotypes under low-N (LN), Medium-N (MN) and High-N (HN) organic and mineral fertilizers and (ii) to identify the selection criteria for selecting high seed yield genotypes under each and across the environments. A two-year field experiment was conducted, using a split split-plot design with three replications. Main plots were devoted to two fertilizer types, namely organic (OF) and mineral (MF), sub-plots to three N rates; namely LN (71.4), MN (142.8) and HN (214.2) kg N/ha, and sub sub-plots to 37 quinoa genotypes. The best selection environment for high seed yield/plant that showed the highest H2b and GA estimates and the strongest correlations with seed yield/ha was the low-N organic fertilizer (LN-OF) and the high-N mineral fertilizer (HN-MF) environment. Across all stressed (LN and MN) and non-stressed (HN) environments, the results indicated that seed yield/plant, biological yield/plant, nitrogen use efficiency, branches/plant, leaf area, inflorescence diameter, leaves area/plant, stem diameter, leaf area index, leaves/plant, plant height, 1000-seed weight and inflorescence weight were strongly inter-correlated and strongly correlated with seed yield/ha, had high heritability and high genetic advance and therefore could be regarded as selection criteria in breeding programs for high seed yield of quinoa under N-stressed and non-stressed environments. Further studies should be carried out on other quinoa germplasm to ascertain this conclusion.
INFLUENCE OF HEAT STRESS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND YIELD POTENTIAL OF PROMISING BREAD WHEAT CULTIVARS
Authors: MUNAWAR NADEEM , NIJABAT ANEELA , HUSSAIN RAMEEZ , SHAH ADEEL IJAZ , NAWAZ SAHER , NAZIR ATIA , NAVEED NAIMA HUMA , KHAN BILAL AHMAD , MAHMOOD-UR-REHMAN MUHAMMAD , SAJID ANUM , BATOOL ZOOFISHAN , SHEHZAD TAHIR , NOMAN ASAD , AHMAD SHAHERYAR , ZUBAIR MASAB , TAJAMUL FARYAL , NOORKA IJAZ RASOOL , NADEEM MUHAMMAD ATHER , ALI AAMIR 
Published: July 2023

Population pressure and deforestation has catastrophic impacts on the global environment. Elevated air temperature is the most serious threat to agriculture sector especially cereal crops. Wheat is a major cereal and consumed as staple food by 2/3rd of total population but its annual yield has drastically been reduced in response to severe heat stress exposure during various growth stages in last two decades. Therefore, there is dire need to pay an immediate attention to screen promising wheat varieties particularly in hot environments. Hence, physiological and yield potential of ten wheat cultivars (Hashim-08, Lasani-08, Farid-06, Ujala-15, Sehar-06, AARI-08, Galaxy-13, NARC-09, NARC-11 and Pakistan-13) was evaluated for two years (2019 and 2020) under early and late sown conditions in present study. Canopy temperature depression, cell membrane thermostability, pre-anthesis stem reserve mobilization, relative cell injury, relative growth performance, and stress susceptibility index were measured as stress indicator to evaluate the performance of tested wheat cultivars. Wheat cultivars NARC-09, NARC-11 and Pakistan-13 were declared as heat tolerant while Hashim-08, Lasani-08, Farid-06, Ujala-15, Sehar-06, AARI-08 and Galaxy-13 were found to be susceptible towards terminal heat stress. This wheat stock will be a useful parental material to develop tolerant varieties in wheat breeding programs.