bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Selective AIEgen‐Based “Turn On” Fluorescent Imaging for Inflammation Detection
Authors: Shao Cong , Wang Xiaoxuan , Dai Jingying , Dai Honglian 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHypochlorous acid (HClO) is released by immune cells in the immune system, and it helps the body fight off infections and inflammation by killing bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. However, tissue damage or apoptosis may also be induced by excess HClO. On this basis, we designed the probe TPE‐NS by choosing tetraphenylethylene (TPE) as the luminescent unit and dimethylthiocarbamoyl chloride as the recognition site. By Gaussian's transition state calculations, HClO will cut off the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) effect of TPE‐NS by hydrolysis reaction, thus emitting strong fluorescence. TPE‐NS has rapid recognition and excellent specificity for HClO, and the limit of detection is 7.27 μM. Finally, TPE‐NS was successfully used for the visualization of endogenous and exogenous HClO in cell experiments.
Rational Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent N, S Co‐Doped Carbon Dots Using Biogenic Creatinine for Cu2+ Analysis in Drinking Water
Authors: Rizk Mohamed , Ramzy Emad , Toubar Safaa , Mahmoud Amr M. , Helmy Marwa I. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHerein, highly fluorescent sulfur and nitrogen co‐doped carbon dots (N, S‐CDs) had been employed as a fluorescent probe to analyze Cu2+ in drinking water. The biogenic creatinine is known to form a stable complex with Cu2+; hence, it was rationally selected as a bioinspired nitrogen substrate for the first time to enhance N, S‐CDs selectivity towards Cu2+. Moreover, the literature was surveyed to guide the selection of sulfur and carbon sources to optimize N, S‐CDs quantum yield (QY), so thiourea and disodium edetate are co‐carbonized with biogenic creatinine at 270°C for 40 min and characterized using different techniques. The resulting N, S‐CDs have a homogeneous particle size distribution and high QY (60.5% ± 2.09%, n = 5). The produced N, S‐CDs fluorescence intensity (FI) had been quantitatively quenched by Cu2+, achieving a detection limit reached of 0.07 μM. The developed environmentally friendly and sustainable platform, according to the results of three widely greenness assessment tools and the innovative RGB 12 model, had been successfully employed to detect Cu2+ in drinking water with excellent recovery. Finally, as this sensing platform is rapid and selective, it can be successfully employed to determine the Cu2+ in real‐life applications.
Molecular Weight‐Dependent Boron Release Effect in PVA/Chitosan Cryogels and In Vitro Mineralization Evaluations by Osteoblast Cells
Authors: Ceylan Seda , Arıcı Şule , Ege Duygu , Yang Ying 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCryogels were fabricated by combining polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan of varying molecular weights (Mw). In this study, the effects of chitosan Mw, types of boron‐containing molecules on network formation, and boron release rate in resulted cryogels were investigated. The PVA/chitosan blend maintained a constant 4.5% (w/v) polymer content. PVA to chitosan weight ratio of 6:1 was maintained and fixed. Five percent w/w boric acid and borax (sodium tetraborate) crosslinkers were added in PVA and chitosan mixtures to construct cryogels. The freeze‐dried specimens underwent crosslinking evaluation, chemical composition analysis by FTIR, and boron release studies by ICP‐MS. The pore morphology and the swelling capacity of the cryogel have been assessed by SEM and incubation in water, respectively. Mechanical test was also used to evaluate the effect of borax and Mw of chitosan on cryogels' mechanical properties. It was demonstrated that the types of boron supply had a significant role on the cryogelation capability. For different chitosan Mw, the cryogels made using borax showed stable cryogels. In contrast, even after altering the chitosan Mw, the formula with boric acid was unable to create stable cryogels. In addition, boron release assay showed that the quantity of free boron in the incubation solutions decreased as the Mw of the chitosan component of the cryogel was reduced. Cell culture studies with MC3T3‐E1 pre‐osteoblast cells in the cryogels indicated that borax‐crosslinked samples exhibited sustained cell viability. Alizarin red staining assay was used to study mineralization capacity of boron‐containing hydrogels, which confirmed increase of mineralization in low molecular weight chitosan groups.
Bibliometric Analysis of Neuroinflammation and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction
Authors: Chen Zheping , Zuo Zhenxiang , Zhang Yizheng , Shan Guoliang , Zhang Le , Gong Moxuan , Ye Yuyang , Ma Yufeng , Jin Yanwu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe occurrence and development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) are closely linked to neuroinflammation. This bibliometric analysis aims to provide novel insights into the research trajectory, key research topics, and potential future development trends in the field of neuroinflammation‐induced POCD.MethodsThe Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database was searched to identify publications from 2012 to 2023 on neuroinflammation‐induced POCD. Bibliometric analysis, involving both statistical and visual analyses, was conducted using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the R software.ResultsResearch on neuroinflammation‐induced POCD has exhibited an increasing trend over the past 12 years. China had the highest number of publications, Nanjing Medical University had the most collaboration with other institutions, Zhiyi Zuo was the most published author, and the Journal of Neuroinflammation served as the primary publication in the field of neuroinflammation‐induced POCD. The most frequent keyword was POCD. Keyword clustering analysis indicated that the predominant cluster is dexmedetomidine. Burst detection revealed that postoperative delirium (POD), perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND), apoptosis, and epigenetic modifications were the future research trends.ConclusionsOur analysis identified the following key research areas associated with neuroinflammation‐induced POCD: anesthesia, surgery, dexmedetomidine, NLRP3 inflammasome, and mechanism of neuroinflammation‐induced POCD. The potential future research topics comprise POD, PND, apoptosis, and epigenetic modifications.
Ionic‐Liquid Synthesis of Atomic Molybdenum Nitride Clusters as Bifunctional Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions Electrocatalysts for Alkaline Zn–Air Battery
Authors: Wang Nannan , Li Jing , Hei Jinpei , Chen Xiaodong , Yin Xiaojie , Yin Yanjun , Kong Yaqiong , Cui Lifeng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTransition‐metal nitrides (TMNs) have garnered considerable attention for energy conversion applications owing to their exceptional electronic structures and high catalytic activities. However, the scarcity of active sites in TMNs impedes their large‐scale application. This study describes the use of wetness impregnation and ionic‐liquid methods to enhance the electrocatalytic efficiency of molybdenum nitride (MoN) atomic clusters finely dispersed on nitrogen‐doped carbon (MoN@NC) substrates. The as‐synthesized electrocatalysts feature atomically dispersed MoN clusters, achieving an impressive onset potential of 0.93 V vs. RHE for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and maintaining an overpotential of just 295 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The MoN@NC‐based zinc–air battery demonstrated a high‐power density of 151 mW/cm2, a robust specific discharge capacity of 759 mAh/gZn at 20 mA/cm2, and superior charge–discharge cycling stability exceeding 190 cycles. The detailed experimental characterization revealed that the uniformly dispersed MoN clusters served as the primary active sites driving the observed catalytic performance. Additionally, the present findings suggested significant correlations between the phase of the material, crystallization, atomic cluster distribution, support porosity, and nitridation temperature. These insights are expected to refine strategies for achieving atomically dispersed nitrides with optimized ORR performance.
In Vitro Selection of Collagen‐Binding Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Containing Genetically Encoded Mussel‐Inspired Adhesive Amino Acids
Authors: Miwa Takuya , Yumoto Akiko , Tada Seiichi , Kim Shin‐Woong , Minagawa Noriko , Matsuda Takayoshi , Ohtake Kazumasa , Shimizu Yoshihiro , Sakamoto Kensaku , Aigaki Toshiro , Ito Yoshihiro , Uzawa Takanori 
Published: January 2025

AbstractProtein immobilization technology is important in medical and industrial applications. We previously reported all‐in‐one in vitro selection, wherein a collagen‐binding vascular endothelial growth factor (CB‐VEGF) was identified from a fusion library of random and VEGF sequences. However, its interaction chemistry is mainly limited to the interaction established by the 20 canonical amino acids. Herein, we incorporated an adhesive non‐natural amino acid found in marine mussels, L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), into the library for all‐in‐one in vitro selection. After selection, we identified DOPA‐containing CB‐VEGF. CB‐VEGF binds to collagen with an apparent dissociation constant of 2 nM; naïve VEGF does not bind to collagen. The collagen‐binding peptide domain of CB‐VEGF (CB‐peptide) exhibited stronger binding to collagen than a mutant peptide (substitution from DOPA to tyrosine), indicating the importance of DOPA to collagen binding. The collagen‐binding affinity of CB‐VEGF is 10‐fold higher than that of CB‐peptide, suggesting that the collagen‐binding ability of CB‐VEGF is not due to the additive function of CB‐peptide to VEGF, but is synergistic. Furthermore, increased cell growth was observed on CB‐VEGF‐treated collagen surfaces, not VEGF‐treated collagen surfaces. Thus, integrating all‐in‐one in vitro selection and DOPA incorporation shows promise in generating adhesive proteins on solid supports.
Determination of the Bioavailability of 3 Intranasal Formulations of Azelastine Hydrochloride in Healthy Male Volunteers
Authors: Bousquet Jean , Klimek Ludger , Liu Mark , Nguyen Duc Tung , Ramalingam Rajesh Kumar , Canonica Georgio Walter , Berger William E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe primary objective of the study was to determine the bioavailability of 2 new formulations of azelastine (AZE) hydrochloride (0.10% and 0.15% AZE) containing sorbitol and sucralose compared with the commercially available 0.10% AZE. This study was performed in healthy volunteers based on the pharmacokinetic parameters maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to the last measurable concentration. This was a Phase 1, open‐label, single‐center, randomized, parallel‐group study. Subjects were randomized to 1 of 3 treatment groups: (1) 0.10% AZE (treatment A), (2) 0.15% AZE (treatment B) (Groups 1 and 2 both containing sorbitol and sucralose), and (3) the commercially available 0.10% AZE (treatment C). A total of 54 subjects were randomized and received treatment A, B, or C. Maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve were similar when compared in treatments A and C (0.1%) for AZE and its metabolite, desmethylazelastine. The most frequently reported adverse events were rhinorrhea (5.6%) and sneezing (5.6%).
Enhanced Light Transmittance of Electron Transport Layer through Bilayer SnO2 for High‐Performance Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Xianggang , Yuan Zhengbo , Fan Shuyuan , Feng Xuzheng , Sun Xiaoxu , Tang Jixiang , Yan Longfei , Wang Zishuo , Li Zhuoxin , Cui Xiaoxia , Zhang Zhao , Chen Jieqiong , Dai Songyuan , Cai Molang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSemitransparent perovskite solar cells (ST‐PSCs) for building‐integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) face the challenge of achieving high efficiency due to significant light loss. The SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL), utilized in n‐i‐p PSCs and prepared via the sol‐gel method, is susceptible to aggregation on substrate, resulting in light scattering that diminishes absorption of the perovskite layer. In this study, we propose a strategy that combines atomic layer deposition (ALD) and sol‐gel solution to deposit a bilayer SnO2 structure to address these issues. The compact ALD SnO2 layer enhances subsequent deposition of the sol‐gel SnO2 layer, mitigating aggregation of SnO2 nanoparticles. Moreover, ALD SnO2 exhibits a lower refractive index compared to the sol‐gel SnO2 film due to its lower ratio of Sn4+/Sn2+, creating a refractive index gradient that improves light transmittance. Consequently, the bilayer SnO2 increases the short‐circuit current of wide‐bandgap ST‐PSCs with an energy gap of 1.66 eV up to 21.27 mA/cm2 and boosts efficiency up to a certified value of 20.22 %. Furthermore, the device demonstrates an 81.4 % bifaciality and maintains 91.47 % of its initial efficiency after exposure to 1000 hours under 1‐sun white LED illumination.
A Highly Divergent Mitochondrial Genome in Extant Cape Buffalo From Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa
Authors: de Jager Deon , Möller Marlo , Hoal Eileen , van Helden Paul , Glanzmann Brigitte , Harper Cindy , Bloomer Paulette 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe reduced cost of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has allowed researchers to generate nuclear and mitochondrial genome data to gain deeper insights into the phylogeography, evolutionary history and biology of non‐model species. While the Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) has been well‐studied across its range with traditional genetic markers over the last 25 years, researchers are building on this knowledge by generating whole genome, population‐level data sets to improve understanding of the genetic composition and evolutionary history of the species. Using publicly available NGS data, we assembled 40 Cape buffalo mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from four protected areas in South Africa, expanding the geographical range and almost doubling the number of mitogenomes available for this species. Coverage of the mitogenomes ranged from 154 to 1036X. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity for Kruger National Park (n = 15) and Mokala National Park (n = 5) were similar to diversity levels in southern and eastern Africa. Hluhluwe–iMfolozi Park (n = 15) had low levels of genetic diversity, with only four haplotypes detected, reflecting its past bottleneck. Addo Elephant National Park (n = 5) had the highest nucleotide diversity of all populations across Africa, which was unexpected, as it is known to have low nuclear diversity. This diversity was driven by a highly divergent mitogenome from one sample, which was subsequently identified in another sample via Sanger sequencing of the cytochrome b gene. Using a fossil‐calibrated phylogenetic analysis, we estimated that this lineage diverged from all other Cape buffalo lineages approximately 2.51 million years ago. We discuss several potential sources of this mitogenome but propose that it most likely originated through introgressive hybridisation with an extinct buffalo species, either S. acoelotus or S. antiquus. We conclude by discussing the conservation consequences of this finding for the Addo Elephant National Park population, proposing careful genetic management to prevent inbreeding depression while maintaining this highly unique diversity.
Environmental DNA Reveals Habitat Variables Driving Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) Distribution Across an Urbanised Landscape
Authors: Brunt Tamielle , Cecil Matt , Griffiths Josh , Adams‐Hosking Christine , Murray Peter J. , Smith Annabel L. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTFreshwater waterways, and species that depend on them, are threatened by urbanisation and the consequences of the urban stream syndrome. In south‐east Queensland, Australia, little is known about the impacts of the urban stream syndrome on the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), meaning that populations cannot be adequately managed by conservation practitioners. The aim of this study was to determine how habitat and environmental variables, related to the urban stream syndrome, influenced platypus distribution across this region. We used environmental DNA sampling over a 5‐year period (2016–2020) to determine how platypus occurrence (presence or absence) was affected by habitat and the environment. Five scenarios based on key characteristics of the urban stream syndrome were modelled using binomial generalised linear models. The highest‐ranked model of platypus occurrence included positive effects of topographic wetness index and coarse organic matter. These findings reflect important waterway connectivity and food resources for platypus, highlighting relationships between platypus, their environment and their tolerance to urban stream threats. For example, platypuses are unlikely to occur in streams where water availability is reduced, and movement will be limited in shallow, dry streams. Therefore, waterway management should focus on water availability and connectivity, especially during drought. Our study can be used to guide management plans for the persistence of platypus and other freshwater species.
QTL‐Based Evidence of Population Genetic Divergence in Male Territorial Aggressiveness of the Japanese Freshwater Threespine Stickleback
Authors: Yamazaki Haruka , Mori Seiichi , Kishida Osamu , Nagano Atsushi J. , Kokita Tomoyuki 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTerritorial aggression is widespread across the animal kingdom and is expressed in diverse ecological and social contexts. In addition, there are marked variations in the degree of male reproductive territoriality within and between species. These differences are often attributed to genetic components. However, the evolutionary genetic mechanisms in wild animals are poorly understood. This study explored the genetic basis of divergent male territorial aggressiveness between two Japanese freshwater populations, Gifu (GF) and Tomakomai (TM), in the threespine stickleback, which is a well‐known model system for both behavioral ecology and evolutionary genetics. First, our field survey indicated that the distribution of reproductive territories differed greatly across breeding habitats between the focal populations, and the density of reproductive territories was much greater in the GF population. Second, a one‐on‐one arena aquarium experiment on male–male combat using wild‐caught and common‐garden‐reared males revealed that GF males were genetically more aggressive than TM males. Finally, we performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using an F2 hybrid cross between the two populations to identify the causal genomic regions contributing to the divergence in male territorial aggressiveness. Our QTL analysis identified a single significant locus in an aggression‐related behavioral component, that is, the number of bites of focal F2 males toward a GF stimulus intruder. Two notable behavior‐related genes, HTR2A and MAO‐A, are found near this locus. These genes have often been suggested to influence of aggressive behavior in animals; therefore, they are regarded as important candidate genes for further functional analyses. Thus, we are the first to provide a QTL‐based genetic basis for population divergence in male territorial aggressiveness in the threespine stickleback.
Hiking Trails Facilitate the Spread of a Native High‐Arctic Species
Authors: Zani Deborah , Lischke Heike , Åkerman Jonas , Lehsten Veiko 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHigh‐Arctic environments are facing an elevated pace of warming and increasing human activities, making them more susceptible to the introduction and spread of alien species. We investigated the role of human disturbance in facilitating the spread of a native plant (Papaver dahlianum) in a high‐Arctic natural environment close to Isfjord Radio station and along adjacent hiking trails at Kapp Linné, Svalbard. We reconstructed the spatial pattern of the arrival and spread of P. dahlianum at Kapp Linné by combining historical records of the species occurrence (1928–2018) with a contemporary survey of the plant abundance along the main hiking trail (2023 survey) and tested the relative effects of altitude and proximity to hiking trails on the species density via a generalised linear model (GLM). We then compared historical records with the simulated annual spread of the species by assuming either only local spread or local spread plus spread from hiking trails. Finally, we used a fine‐scale UAV‐derived brightness index to test for terrain preference by applying a randomisation test. Distance from the station (56% explained variation) and minimum distance from the trail (28%) significantly explained the species density across the research area (best GLM R2 = 0.755). The modelled species spread including the trail effect (fitted spread ~30 m yr.−1) managed to capture the maximum extent of the occupied area, whereas simulations assuming only local spread (~2 m yr.−1) underestimated the historical extent. A randomisation test showed that P. dahlianum has a significant preference for gravel soils with low vegetation cover due to either trail trampling and/or natural processes. Along with climate warming, human activities can increase the rate of species range shift by providing hot spots of introduction (human settlements) and spreading corridors (hiking trails). Our results show that spatially explicit models can be applied to accurately predict the potential spread of species, leading to a more efficient monitoring plan. Systematic monitoring of alien species and sanitisation measures should be prioritised in polar habitats with a high incidence of human disturbances.
Hydroperiod Influences Tadpole Growth and Development in the Endangered Littlejohn's Tree Frog (Litoria littlejohni)
Authors: Nolan Nadine , Hayward Matt , Callen Alex , Klop‐Toker Kaya 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAmphibians are among the most threatened vertebrate taxa globally. Their global decline necessitates effective conservation actions to bolster populations across both the larval and adult stages. Constructing man‐made ponds is one action proven to enhance reproduction in pond‐breeding amphibians. However, to achieve successful conservation outcomes, extensive knowledge about the ecology and behavior of the target species is required. In this study, we investigated how different hydroperiod regimes impacted the growth and development of Litoria littlejohni tadpoles. Over a 28‐week period, tadpoles were exposed to three hydroperiod treatments: constant high, declining, and constant low water levels. Weekly measurements of snout‐vent length, body mass, and Gosner stage were taken to assess treatment‐related changes. To determine whether different treatments affected locomotor performance, jump tests were conducted 3 weeks post‐metamorphosis. Individuals exhibited limited developmental plasticity in response to declining water, with a mean time to metamorphosis of 85.1 days ± 12.1. Comparatively, when L. littlejohni tadpoles were exposed to low water volumes, they were able to speed up development and reduce time to metamorphosis, with a mean time of 63.7 days ± 10.3. The speeding up of development had an apparent consequence for L. littlejohni. We found support for trade‐offs between rapid development and reduced morphometric measurements postmetamorphosis which resulted in reduced locomotive ability. Individuals from constant low water treatments exhibited an average total jumping distance of 171 cm ± 13.6 over 10 consecutive jumps, compared with 236 cm ± 17.3 in constant high and 210 cm ± 14.8 in declining treatments. Rapid larval development aids tadpoles in escaping suboptimal aquatic conditions, but its effects on locomotion may impact foraging efficiency and predator escape ability. Understanding developmental plasticity in threatened amphibians, especially in response to hydroperiod variations, is crucial for conservation programs, particularly under future climate change scenarios predicting increased drought and reduced hydroperiods in aquatic environments.