bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retracted: Exploring new optical solutions for nonlinear Hamiltonian amplitude equation via two integration schemes
Authors: Tarla Sibel , Ali Karmina K , Yusuf Abdullahi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This research explores the Jacobi elliptic expansion function method and a modified version of the Sardar sub-equation method to discover new exact solutions for the nonlinear Hamiltonian amplitude equation. By applying these techniques, the study seeks to uncover previously unknown solutions for this equation, contributing to the understanding of its behavior and opening up new possibilities for its applications. The solutions obtained using these methods are represented by hyperbolic, trigonometric, and exponential functions, and they include optical dark-bright, periodic, singular, and bright solutions. The dynamic behaviors of these solutions are demonstrated by selecting appropriate values for physical parameters. By assigning values to these parameters, the study aims to showcase how the solutions of the nonlinear Hamiltonian amplitude equation behave under different conditions. This analysis provides insights into the system’s response and enables a deeper comprehension of its complex dynamics in various scenarios, contributing to the overall understanding of the equation’s behavior and potential real-world implications. Overall, these methods are effective in analyzing and obtaining analytic solutions for nonlinear partial differential equations.
Systematic error mitigation for the PIXIE Fourier transform spectrometer
Authors: Kogut A. , Fixsen Dale , Aghanim Nabila , Chluba Jens , Chuss David T. , Delabrouille Jacques , Hensley Brandon S. , Hill J. Colin , Maffei Bruno , Pullen Anthony R. , Rotti Additya , Switzer Eric R. , Woillack Edward J. , Zelko Ioana 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE) is an
Explorer-class mission concept to measure the spectrum and
polarization of the cosmic microwave background. Cosmological
signals are small compared to the instantaneous instrument noise,
requiring strict control of instrumental signals. The instrument
design provides multiple levels of null operation, signal
modulation, and signal differences, with only few-percent systematic
error suppression required at each level. Jackknife tests based on
discrete instrument symmetries provide an independent means to
identify, model, and remove remaining instrumental signals. We use
detailed time-ordered simulations, including realistic performance
and tolerance parameters, to evaluate the instrument response to
broad classes of systematic errors for both spectral distortions and
polarization. The largest systematic errors contribute additional
white noise at the few-percent level compared to the dominant photon
noise. Coherent instrumental effects which do not integrate down
are smaller still, and remain several orders of magnitude below the
targeted cosmological signals.
Versatile wavelength tunable noise-like pulse generation from an erbium doped fiber laser using an intra-cavity Michelson interferometer
Authors: C R Santosh , Gowrishankar R , Srivastava Shailesh 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We report, versatile wavelength tunable mode locked noise-like pulses (NLP) from an erbium doped fiber ring laser, using a novel intra-cavity Michelson interferometer (MI) as a tunable filter. Our results demonstrate independent control of the central wavelength and the bandwidth using fine and coarse controls in one arm of the MI. The central wavelength is continuously tunable across the entire C-band (1530 nm to 1566 nm), while the bandwidth can be varied from 3 nm to 19.5 nm. The NLPs have a repetition rate of 1.307 MHz with pulse energies of ∼1 nJ. Additionally, harmonic mode-locked states and NLP pairs can also be produced using the same laser. On account of the adaptable output spectrum, we believe, such lasers will be useful for a variety of applications including sensing, spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography. The MI-based fiber laser can also serve as an ideal platform for gaining insight and exploring the rich dynamics of NLPs.
The influence of E× B drift on tungsten target erosion and W impurity transport during neon seeding on EAST
Authors: Wang Yilin , Sang Chaofeng , Zhao Xuele , Wu Yihan , Zhou Qingrui , Zhang Yanjie , Wang Dezhen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Mitigating tungsten (W) wall erosion and core accumulation are vitally important for the steady-state operation of tokamaks. It is well known that drifts have a great impact on the transport of charged particles in the edge region, which could affect W source and W impurity transport. In this work, SOLPS-ITER modeling is applied to study the W impurity behavior on EAST during neon seeding with the consideration of E× B drift. The objective is to establish the relationship between the eroded W flux, W transport and the corresponding accumulation in the core in different discharge regimes. The effects of drift on W sputtering at targets and W impurity distribution in the cases of different toroidal magnetic field (B
t) directions are assessed. The simulation results indicate that drift could influence W transport via W impurity retention and redistribution in the divertor, and the leakage from the divertor. In forward B
t (B× ∇B points to the X-point), eroded W flux at the outer target is increased remarkably, and most of the W ions transport from the outer to the inner divertor and escape to the upstream region in the high field side. W ions mainly transport from the inner to the outer divertor and escape from the divertor in the low field side in reversed B
t due to the opposite drift flux. The Ne puffing rate is scanned in forward B
t and without-drift cases to further investigate the W erosion and W impurity transport in different divertor regimes. It is found that the W source from targets is generally enhanced by drift compared to cases without drift. The core accumulation, as well as poloidal asymmetry, is also influenced significantly by the drift. In the attached regime, the intense W source and strong drift flux lead to enhanced W accumulation in the core, and obvious poloidal asymmetry of W density distribution appears. The drift flux is reduced and W erosion is suppressed after detachment. W concentration in the core and poloidal asymmetry consequently decline. Therefore, adequate Ne impurity seeding can be applied to control the W accumulation in the core.
Review of the applications of principles of insect hearing to microscale acoustic engineering challenges
Authors: Díaz-García Lara , Latham Brendan , Reid Andrew , Windmill James 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
When looking for novel, simple, and energy-efficient solutions to engineering problems, nature has proved to be an incredibly valuable source of inspiration. The development of acoustic sensors has been a prolific field for bioinspired solutions. With a diverse array of evolutionary approaches to the problem of hearing at small scales (some widely different to the traditional concept of ‘ear’), insects in particular have served as a starting point for several designs. From locusts to moths, through crickets and mosquitoes among many others, the mechanisms found in nature to deal with small-scale acoustic detection and the engineering solutions they have inspired are reviewed. The present article is comprised of three main sections corresponding to the principal problems faced by insects, namely frequency discrimination, which is addressed by tonotopy, whether performed by a specific organ or directly on the tympana; directionality, with solutions including diverse adaptations to tympanal structure; and detection of weak signals, through what is known as active hearing. The three aforementioned problems concern tiny animals as much as human-manufactured microphones and have therefore been widely investigated. Even though bioinspired systems may not always provide perfect performance, they are sure to give us solutions with clever use of resources and minimal post-processing, being serious contenders for the best alternative depending on the requisites of the problem.
Downscaling ERA5 wind speed data: a machine learning approach considering topographic influences
Authors: Hu Wenxuan , Scholz Yvonne , Yeligeti Madhura , Bremen Lueder von , Deng Ying 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Energy system modeling and analysis can provide comprehensive guidelines to integrate renewable energy sources into the energy system. Modeling renewable energy potential, such as wind energy, typically involves the use of wind speed time series in the modeling process. One of the most widely utilized datasets in this regard is ERA5, which provides global meteorological information. Despite its broad coverage, the coarse spatial resolution of ERA5 data presents challenges in examining local-scale effects on energy systems, such as battery storage for small-scale wind farms or community energy systems. In this study, we introduce a robust statistical downscaling approach that utilizes a machine learning approach to improve the resolution of ERA5 wind speed data from around 31 km × 31 km to 1 km × 1 km. To ensure optimal results, a comprehensive preprocessing step is performed to classify regions into three classes based on the quality of ERA5 wind speed estimates. Subsequently, a regression method is applied to each class to downscale the ERA5 wind speed time series by considering the relationship between ERA5 data, observations from weather stations, and topographic metrics. Our results indicate that this approach significantly improves the performance of ERA5 wind speed data in complex terrain. To ensure the effectiveness and robustness of our approach, we also perform thorough evaluations by comparing our results with the reference dataset COSMO-REA6 and validating with independent datasets.
Belonging-in-Interaction: Expressing and Performing Translocal Belongings Through Language and Arts Practice
Authors: Simpson James , Bradley Jessica 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper explores belonging, in a context of mobility. For newcomers to a country, their belongings are multiple and uncertain, as they retain links with the place they have left while attempting to attain legitimacy as members of the new society. We ask how recent migrants to the UK who are adult migrant language learners express and perform their understandings of belonging in a participatory arts project. In so doing, we uncover how the participants’ belongings, as they emerge in interaction, both shape and are shaped during the phases of co-production. We take into account the range of communicative resources including but also beyond language, deployed trans-semiotically in participatory arts practice. This trans-orientation allows insights into the interactive character of belonging in the process of preparing the arts performance that might otherwise go unnoticed. We conclude that our perspective on belonging-in-interaction presents a challenge to dominant discourses relating to social integration for new arrivals, where a narrow focus on the learning and use of the main societal language is a prerequisite for belonging.
To eat, or not to eat: a phantom decoy affects information-gathering behavior by a free-ranging mammalian herbivore
Authors: Orlando Cristian Gabriel , Banks Peter B , Latty Tanya , McArthur Clare 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
When foraging, making appropriate food choices is crucial to an animal’s fitness. Classic foraging ecology theories assume animals choose food of greatest benefit based on their absolute value across multiple dimensions. Consequently, poorer options are considered irrelevant alternatives that should not influence decision-making among better options. But heuristic studies demonstrate that irrelevant alternatives (termed decoys) can influence the decisions of some animals, indicating they use a relative rather than absolute evaluation system. Our aim was to test whether a decoy influenced the decision-making process—that is, information-gathering and food choice—of a free-ranging mammalian herbivore. We tested swamp wallabies, Wallabia bicolor, comparing their behavior toward, and choice of, two available food options over time in the absence or presence of the decoy. We used a phantom decoy—unavailable option—and ran two trials in different locations and seasons. Binary preferences (decoy absent) for the two available food options differed between trials. Irrespective of this difference, across both trials the presence of the decoy resulted in animals more likely to overtly investigate available food options. But, the decoy only shifted food choice, weakly, in one trial. Our results indicate that the decoy influenced the information-gathering behavior during decision-making, providing the first evidence that decoys can affect decision-making process of free-ranging mammalian herbivores in an ecologically realistic context. It is premature to say these findings confirm the use of relative evaluation systems. Whether the foraging outcome is more strongly affected by other decoys, food dimensions, or ecological contexts, is yet to be determined.
AFEI: adaptive optimized vertical federated learning for heterogeneous multi-omics data integration
Authors: Wang Qingyong , He Minfan , Guo Longyi , Chai Hua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVertical federated learning has gained popularity as a means of enabling collaboration and information sharing between different entities while maintaining data privacy and security. This approach has potential applications in disease healthcare, cancer prognosis prediction, and other industries where data privacy is a major concern. Although using multi-omics data for cancer prognosis prediction provides more information for treatment selection, collecting different types of omics data can be challenging due to their production in various medical institutions. Data owners must comply with strict data protection regulations such as European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation. To share patient data across multiple institutions, privacy and security issues must be addressed. Therefore, we propose an adaptive optimized vertical federated-learning-based framework adaptive optimized vertical federated learning for heterogeneous multi-omics data integration (AFEI) to integrate multi-omics data collected from multiple institutions for cancer prognosis prediction. AFEI enables participating parties to build an accurate joint evaluation model for learning more information related to cancer patients from different perspectives, based on the distributed and encrypted multi-omics features shared by multiple institutions. The experimental results demonstrate that AFEI achieves higher prediction accuracy (6.5% on average) than using single omics data by utilizing the encrypted multi-omics data from different institutions, and it performs almost as well as prognosis prediction by directly integrating multi-omics data. Overall, AFEI can be seen as an efficient solution for breaking down barriers to multi-institutional collaboration and promoting the development of cancer prognosis prediction.
Online inference with debiased stochastic gradient descent
Authors: Han Ruijian , Luo Lan , Lin Yuanyuan , Huang Jian 
Published: July 2023

Summary
We propose a debiased stochastic gradient descent algorithm for online statistical inference with high-dimensional data. Our approach combines the debiasing technique developed in high-dimensional statistics with the stochastic gradient descent algorithm. It can be used to construct confidence intervals efficiently in an online fashion. Our proposed algorithm has several appealing aspects: as a one-pass algorithm, it reduces the time complexity; in addition, each update step requires only the current data together with the previous estimate, which reduces the space complexity. We establish the asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator under mild conditions on the sparsity level of the parameter and the data distribution. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed debiased stochastic gradient descent algorithm attains nominal coverage probability. Furthermore, we illustrate our method with analysis of a high-dimensional text dataset.
Speech and language markers of neurodegeneration: a call for global equity
Authors: García Adolfo M , de Leon Jessica , Tee Boon Lead , Blasi Damián E , Gorno-Tempini Maria Luisa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the field of neurodegeneration, speech and language assessments are useful for diagnosing aphasic syndromes and for characterizing other disorders. As a complement to classic tests, scalable and low-cost digital tools can capture relevant anomalies automatically, potentially supporting the quest for globally equitable markers of brain health. However, this promise remains unfulfilled due to limited linguistic diversity in scientific works and clinical instruments.Here we argue for cross-linguistic research as a core strategy to counter this problem.First, we survey the contributions of linguistic assessments in the study of primary progressive aphasia and the three most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders worldwide—Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. Second, we address two forms of linguistic unfairness in the literature: the neglect of most of the world’s 7000 languages and the preponderance of English-speaking cohorts. Third, we review studies showing that linguistic dysfunctions in a given disorder may vary depending on the patient’s language and that English speakers offer a suboptimal benchmark for other language groups. Finally, we highlight different approaches, tools and initiatives for cross-linguistic research, identifying core challenges for their deployment.Overall, we seek to inspire timely actions to counter a looming source of inequity in behavioural neurology.
Clinical and cellular phenotypes resulting from a founder mutation in IL10RB
Authors: Mao Zhiming , Betti Michael J , Cedeno Miguel A , Pedroza Luis A , Basaria Shamel , Liu Qi , Choi Joseph M , Markle Janet G 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity are a group of rare genetically determined diseases that impair immune system development or function. Many of these diseases include immune dysregulation, autoimmunity, or autoinflammation as prominent clinical features. In some children diagnosed with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEOIBD), monogenic inborn errors of immune dysregulation underlie disease. We report a case of VEOIBD caused by a novel homozygous loss of function mutation in IL10RB. We use cytometry by time-of-flight with a broad panel of antibodies to interrogate the immunophenotype of this patient and detect reduced frequencies of CD4 and CD8 T cells with additional defects in some populations of T helper cells, innate-like T cells, and memory B cells. Finally, we identify the patient’s mutation as a founder allele in an isolated indigenous population and estimate the age of this variant by studying the shared ancestral haplotype.
E-cigarettes and arrhythmogenesis: a comprehensive review of pre-clinical studies and their clinical implications
Authors: Jones Carson A , Wallace Michael J , Bandaru Priya , Woodbury Emerson D , Mohler Peter J , Wold Loren E 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Electronic cigarette use has grown exponentially in recent years, and while their popularity has increased, the long-term effects on the heart are yet to be fully studied and understood. Originally designed as devices to assist with those trying to quit traditional combustible cigarette use, their popularity has attracted use by teens and adolescents who traditionally have not smoked combustible cigarettes. Acute effects on the heart have been shown to be similar to traditional combustible cigarettes, including increased heart rate and blood pressure. The main components of electronic cigarettes that contribute to these arrhythmic effects are found in the e-liquid that is aerosolized and inhaled, comprised of nicotine, flavourings, and a combination of vegetable glycerin (VG) and propylene glycol (PG). Nicotine can potentially induce both ventricular and atrial arrhythmogenesis, with both the atrial and ventricular effects resulting from the interactions of nicotine and the catecholamines they release via potassium channels. Atrial arrhythmogenesis, more specifically atrial fibrillation, can also occur due to structural alterations, which happens because of nicotine downregulating microRNAs 133 and 590, both post-transcriptional growth factor repressors. Liquid flavourings and the combination of PG and VG can possibly lead to arrhythmic events by exposing users to acrolein, an aldehyde that stimulates TRPA1 that in turn causes a change towards sympathetic activation and autonomic imbalance. The design of these electronic delivery devices is constantly changing; therefore, it has proven extremely difficult to study the long-term effects on the heart caused by electronic cigarettes but will be important to understand given their rising popularity. The arrhythmic effects of electronic cigarettes appear similar to traditional cigarettes as well; however, a comprehensive review has not been compiled and is the focus of this article.