bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time-resolved electron holography and its application to an ionic liquid specimen
Authors: Iwasaki Yoh , Akase Zentaro , Shimada Keiko , Harada Ken , Shindo Daisuke 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Time-resolved electron holography was implemented in a transmission electron microscope by means of electron beam gating with a parallel-plate electrostatic deflector. Stroboscopic observations were performed by accumulating gated electron interference images while applying a periodic modulation voltage to a specimen. Electric polarization in an ionic liquid specimen was observed under applied fields. While a static electric field in the specimen was reduced by the polarization of the material, an applied field modulated at 10 kHz was not screened. This indicates that time-resolved electron holography is capable of determining the frequency limit of dynamic response of polarization in materials.
Graphical Abstract
Gendered times: how gendered contexts shape campaign messages of female candidates
Authors: Bauer Nichole M , Santia Martina 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We develop and test a theory of gendered political times, which argues that the gendered political climate during an election shapes the extent to which female candidates emphasize feminine or masculine traits in campaign messages. We measure gendered electoral contexts through rigorous analyses of public opinion data and news media content of the top issues during an election, and we complement these data with an analysis of the gendered traits candidates emphasize in campaign messages during U.S. congressional election cycles from 2000 through 2018. Our results suggest that feminine electoral contexts do not necessarily lead female candidates, or male candidates, to rely on feminine traits. We find that masculine electoral contexts lead female candidates to rely more heavily on feminine traits. Our results have important implications for understanding the forces that shape the way candidates develop strategic campaign messages, and the factors that ultimately influence women’s under-representation in politics.
Transesophageal echocardiography: a tool for intraoperative assessment of coronary blood flow
Authors: Garg Pankaj , Wadiwala Ishaq J , Raavi Lekhya , Mateen Nargis , Crestanello Juan , Pham Si M , Jacob Samuel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has become an indispensable part of cardiac surgery, but its potential for assessing coronary anatomy and blood flow remains underutilised. This case report presents a case of acute iatrogenic left main coronary artery obstruction following re-operative aortic valve replacement that was promptly diagnosed by intraoperative TEE and managed successfully by Bentall operation. We also emphasise the technique of TEE for coronary evaluation, its caveats and its clinical application during cardiac surgery.
Nutritional and tissue-specific regulation of cytochrome P450 CYP711AMAX1homologues and strigolactone biosynthesis in wheat
Authors: Sigalas Petros P , Buchner Peter , Thomas Stephen G , Jamois Frank , Arkoun Mustapha , Yvin Jean-Claude , Bennett Malcolm J , Hawkesford Malcolm J 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStrigolactones (SLs) are a class of phytohormones regulating branching/tillering, and their biosynthesis has been associated with nutritional signals and plant adaptation to nutrient-limiting conditions. The enzymes in the SL biosynthetic pathway downstream of carlactone are of interest as they are responsible for structural diversity in SLs, particularly cytochrome P450 CYP711A subfamily members, such as MORE AXILLARY GROWTH1 (MAX1) in Arabidopsis. We identified 13 MAX1 homologues in wheat, clustering in four clades and five homoeologous subgroups. The utilization of RNA-sequencing data revealed a distinct expression pattern of MAX1 homologues in above- and below-ground tissues, providing insights into the distinct roles of MAX1 homologues in wheat. In addition, a transcriptional analysis showed that SL biosynthetic genes were systematically regulated by nitrogen supply. Nitrogen limitation led to larger transcriptional changes in the basal nodes than phosphorus limitation, which was consistent with the observed tillering suppression, as wheat showed higher sensitivity to nitrogen. The opposite was observed in roots, with phosphorus limitation leading to stronger induction of most SL biosynthetic genes compared with nitrogen limitation. The observed tissue-specific regulation of SL biosynthetic genes in response to nutritional signals is likely to reflect the dual role of SLs as rhizosphere signals and branching inhibitors.
Photosensory adaptation mechanisms in hypocotyl phototropism: how plants recognize the direction of a light source
Authors: Haga Ken , Sakai Tatsuya 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPlants recognize the direction of a light source and exhibit phototropic responses. Physiological studies have predicted that differences in the light intensity received by the cells on the irradiated and shaded sides of a coleoptile or hypocotyl cause differences in the amounts of photoproduct. This hypothetical photoproduct appears to regulate a signaling pathway that controls cell elongation in which cells under lower light intensity elongate more than those under higher light intensity. This results in a bending growth toward a light source and has been proposed as the photoproduct-gradient model of phototropism. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the photosensory adaptation mechanisms involving a blue-light photoreceptor, phototropin1 (phot1), ROOT PHOTOTROPISM2, NONPHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL3 (NPH3), and another photoreceptor family, the phytochromes. The current evidence demonstrates that, in addition to the transition of the phot1–NPH3 photoreceptor complexes to their active state, the presence of a certain population of the phot1–NPH3 complexes showing a steady state, even in a light environment, is essential for recognition of the light source direction in phototropism. This is consistent with the photoproduct-gradient model, and a dissociation state of the phot1–NPH3 complex would be considered an entity of the hypothetical photoproduct in this model.
Parsing human rights, promoting health equity: reflections on Colombia’s response to Venezuelan migration
Authors: Angeleri Stefano , Murphy Thérèse 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Over the last 7 years, a multidimensional crisis in Venezuela has resulted in massive emigration. Over 7 million have fled the country, with more than 2.4 million seeking to settle in Colombia. Of these, as of 2021, more than 1 million were undocumented, but the situation has started to change with the implementation of an ambitious migrant regularisation scheme. Regularisation promises access to comprehensive healthcare, full educational opportunities and the formal labour market. Securing these social determinants of health is critical because social inequalities produce health inequalities—that is, systematic health differences that are preventable and thus unjust. Social medicine, social epidemiology and international human rights law agree on this, yet law-focused studies of health equity initiatives remain rare. Aiming to reverse this, we examine Colombia’s response to Venezuelan migration, including its recent migrant regularisation initiative, which was introduced in part to comply with the country’s obligations under international human rights law. The examination foregrounds what we are calling ‘legal literacy’, testing the hypothesis that advancing health equity involves asking more and better questions about international human rights law.
A new discrete dynamical friction estimator based on N-body simulations
Authors: Ma Linhao , Hopkins Philip F , Kelley Luke Zoltan , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
A long-standing problem in galactic simulations is to resolve the dynamical friction (DF) force acting on massive black hole particles when their masses are comparable to or less than the background simulation particles. Many sub-grid models based on the traditional Chandrasekhar DF formula have been proposed, yet they suffer from fundamental ambiguities in the definition of some terms in Chandrasekhar’s formula when applied to real galaxies, as well as difficulty in evaluating continuous quantities from (spatially) discrete simulation data. In this work, we present a new sub-grid DF estimator based on the discrete nature of N-body simulations, which also avoids the ambiguously defined quantities in Chandrasekhar’s formula. We test our estimator in the gizmo code and find that it agrees well with high-resolution simulations where DF is fully captured, with negligible additional computational cost. We also compare it with a Chandrasekhar estimator and discuss its applications in real galactic simulations.
On the choice of the most suitable indicator for the assembly state of dark matter haloes through cosmic time
Authors: Vallés-Pérez David , Planelles Susana , Monllor-Berbegal Óscar , Quilis Vicent 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
The dynamical state and morphological features of galaxies and galaxy clusters, and their high-redshift precursors, are tightly connected with their assembly history, encoding crucial information about the formation and evolution of such cosmic structures. As a first step towards finding an optimal indicator of the assembly state of observed structures, we use a cosmological simulation of a moderate volume to critically examine the best definition of an indicator that is able to discriminate dark matter haloes undergoing mergers and/or strong accretion from haloes experimenting a relaxed evolution. Using a combination of centre offset, virial ratio, mean radial velocity, sparsity, and ellipticity of the dark matter halo, we study how the thresholds on these parameters, as well as their relative weights, should evolve with redshift to provide the best classification possible. This allows us to split a sample of haloes in a totally relaxed, a marginally relaxed and an unrelaxed subsamples. The resulting classification strongly correlates with the merging activity obtained from the analysis of complete merger trees extracted from whole simulation data. The results on how the different indicators depend on redshift and halo mass, and their optimal combination to better match the true assembly history of haloes, could constitute relevant hints to find a suitable set of indicators applicable to observational data.
Factors influencing kidney transplantation rates: a study from the ERA Registry
Authors: Boenink Rianne , Kramer Anneke , Vanholder Raymond C , Mahillo Beatriz , Massy Ziad A , Bušić Mirela , Ortiz Alberto , Stel Vianda S , Jager Kitty J ,   Survey Collaborators, Barbullushi M , Idrizi A , Watschinger B , Neuwirt H , Eller K , Kalachik O , Leschuk S , Petkevich O , Abramowicz D , Hellemans R , Wissing K M , Colenbie L , Trnacevic S , Rebic D , Resic H , Filipov J , Megerov P , Bušić M , Žunec R , Markić D , Soloukides A , Savva I , Toumasi E , Viklicky O , Reischig T , Krejčí K , Sørensen S S , Bistrup C , Skov K , Lilienthal K , Ots-Rosenberg M , Helanterä I , Koivusalo A , Hourmant M , Essig M , Frimat L , Tomadze G , Banas B , Boletis I , Sándor M , Pálsson R , Plant W , Conlon P , Cooney A , Biancone L , Cardillo M , Ziedina I , Jusinskis J , Vaiciuniene R , Dalinkeviciene E , Delicata L , Farrugia E , Radunović D , Prelević V , Tomović F , Hilbrands L , Bemelman F J , Schaefer B , Resisæter A V , Lien B , Skauby M , Dębska-Ślizień A , Durlik M , Wiecek A , Sampaio S , Romãozinho C , Jorge C , Rambabova-Bushljetikj I , Nikolov I G , Trajceska L , Tacu D , Elec A , Covic A , Zakharova E , Naumovic R , Lausevic M , Baltesová T , Žilinská Z , Dedinská I , Ponikvar J Buturović , Arnol M , Valentín M O , Domínguez-Gil B , Crespo M , Mazuecos A , Wallquist C , Lundgren T , Dickenmann M , Toz H , Aki T , Keven K , Ravanan R , Geddes C 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Large international differences exist in kidney transplantation (KT) rates. We aimed to investigate which factors may explain the total, deceased donor and living donor KT rates over the last decade.

Methods
KT experts from 39 European countries completed the Kidney Transplantation Rate Survey on measures and barriers and their potential effect on the KT rate in their country. In the analyses, countries were divided into low, middle and high KT rate countries based on the KT rate at the start of study period in 2010.

Results
Experts from low KT rate countries reported more frequently that they had taken measures regarding staff, equipment and facilities to increase the total KT rate compared with middle and high KT rate countries. For donor type–specific KT, the largest international differences in measures taken were reported for deceased donor KT, with middle and high KT rate countries taking more measures, such as the use of expanded criteria donor kidneys, the presence of transplantation coordinators and (inter)national exchange of donor kidneys. Once a measure was taken, experts’ opinion on its success was similar across the low, middle and high KT rate countries. Experts from low KT rate countries more often reported potential barriers, such as patients’ lack of knowledge and distrust in the healthcare system.

Conclusions
Particularly in low KT rate countries, the KT rate might be stimulated by optimizing staff, equipment and facilities. In addition, all countries may benefit from measures specific to deceased and living donors.
On the complexity of computing Markov perfect equilibrium in general-sum stochastic games
Authors: Deng Xiaotie , Li Ningyuan , Mguni David , Wang Jun , Yang Yaodong 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTSimilar to the role of Markov decision processes in reinforcement learning, Markov games (also called stochastic games) lay down the foundation for the study of multi-agent reinforcement learning and sequential agent interactions. We introduce approximate Markov perfect equilibrium as a solution to the computational problem of finite-state stochastic games repeated in the infinite horizon and prove its PPAD-completeness. This solution concept preserves the Markov perfect property and opens up the possibility for the success of multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithms on static two-player games to be extended to multi-agent dynamic games, expanding the reign of the PPAD-complete class.
Cutting the Innovation Engine: How Federal Funding Shocks Affect University Patenting, Entrepreneurship, and Publications
Authors: Babina Tania , He Alex Xi , Howell Sabrina T , Perlman Elisabeth Ruth , Staudt Joseph 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article studies how federal funding affects the innovation outputs of university researchers. We link person-level research grants from 22 universities to patents, publications, and career outcomes from the U.S. Census Bureau. We focus on the effects of large, idiosyncratic, and temporary cuts to federal funding in a researcher’s preexisting narrow field of study. Using an event study design, we document that these negative federal funding shocks reduce high-tech entrepreneurship and publications but increase patenting. The lost publications tend to be higher quality and more basic, whereas the additional patents tend to be lower quality, less general, and more often privately assigned. These federal funding cuts lead to an increase in private funding, which partially compensates for the decline in federal funding. Together with evidence from industry-university contracts, the results suggest that federal funding cuts shift university research funding from federal to private sources and lead to innovation outputs that are less openly accessible and more often appropriated by corporate funders.
Use It or Lose It: Efficiency and Redistributional Effects of Wealth Taxation
Authors: Guvenen Fatih , Kambourov Gueorgui , Kuruscu Burhan , Ocampo Sergio , Chen Daphne 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHow does wealth taxation differ from capital income taxation? When the return on investment is equal across individuals, a well-known result is that the two tax systems are equivalent. Motivated by recent empirical evidence documenting persistent return heterogeneity, we revisit this question. With heterogeneity, the two tax systems typically have opposite implications for efficiency and inequality. Under capital income taxation, entrepreneurs who are more productive and therefore generate more income pay higher taxes. Under wealth taxation, entrepreneurs who have similar wealth levels pay similar taxes regardless of their productivity, which expands the tax base, shifts the tax burden toward unproductive entrepreneurs, and raises the savings rate of productive ones. This reallocation increases aggregate productivity and output. In the simulated model parameterized to match the U.S. data, replacing the capital income tax with a wealth tax in a revenue-neutral way delivers a significantly higher average welfare. Turning to optimal taxation, the optimal wealth tax (OWT) is positive and yields large welfare gains by raising efficiency and lowering inequality. In contrast, the optimal capital income tax (OKIT) is negative—a subsidy—and delivers lower welfare gains than OWT, owing to the welfare losses from higher inequality. Furthermore, when the transition path is considered, the gains from OKIT turn into significant welfare losses for existing cohorts, whereas OWT continues to deliver robust welfare gains. These results suggest that moderate wealth taxation may be a more appealing alternative than capital income taxation, which can be significantly more distorting under return heterogeneity than under the equal-returns assumption.
Prediction of damage trajectories in systemic sclerosis using group-based trajectory modelling
Authors: Baron Murray , Barbacki Ariane , Man Ada , de Vries-Bouwstra J K , Johnson Dylan , Stevens Wendy , Osman Mohammed , Wang Mianbo , Zhang Yuqing , Sahhar Joanne , Ngian Gene-Siew , Proudman Susanna , Nikpour Mandana ,   the Australian Scleroderma Interest Group and the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group, Baron M , Gyger G , Ligier S , Pope J , Larché M , Khalidi N , Massetto A , Sutton E , Man A , Rodriguez-Reyna T S , Thorne C , Fortin P R , Ikic A , Robinson D , Osman M , Jones N , LeClercq S , Docherty P , Smith D , Abu-Hakima M , Kaminska E , Fritzler M , Nikpour Mandana , Proudman Susanna , Stevens Wendy , Sahhar Joanne , Ferdowsi Nava , Morrisroe Kathleen , Ross Laura , Ngian Gene-Siew , Walker Jennifer , Roddy Janet , Host Lauren , Major Gabor 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Damage accrual in SSc can be tracked using the Scleroderma Clinical Trials Consortium Damage Index (DI). Our goal was to develop a prediction model for damage accrual in SSc patients with early disease.

Methods
Using patients with &lt;2 years disease duration from Canada and Australia as a derivation cohort, and from the Netherlands as a validation cohort, we used group-based trajectory modelling (GBTM) to determine ‘good’ and ‘bad’ latent damage trajectories. We developed a prediction model from this analysis and applied it to patients from derivation and validation cohorts. We plotted the actual DI trajectories of the patients predicted to be in ‘good’ or ‘bad’ groups.

Results
We found that the actual trajectories of damage accumulation for lcSSc and dcSSc were very different, so we studied each subset separately. GBTM found two distinct trajectories in lcSSc and three in dcSSc. We collapsed the two worse trajectories in the dcSSc into one group and developed a prediction model for inclusion in either ‘good’ or ‘bad’ trajectories. The performance of models using only baseline DI and sex was excellent with ROC AUC of 0.9313 for lcSSc and 0.9027 for dcSSc. Using this model, we determined whether patients would fall into ‘good’ or ‘bad’ trajectory groups and then plotted their actual trajectories which showed clear differences between the predicted ‘good’ and ‘bad’ cases in both derivation and validation cohorts.

Conclusions
A simple model using only cutaneous subset, baseline DI and sex can predict damage accumulation in early SSc.
Nutritional Assessment in Patients after Gastric Electrical Stimulation (GES)
Authors: Kochar Tanureet , Cai Wenjing , Guardiola John J. , Mathur Prateek , Hassan Hamza , Atassi Hadi , Stocker Abigail , Hughes Michael , McElmurray Lindsay , Pinkston Christina , Abell Thomas L. 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) is used for patients with drug-refractory gastroparesis (Gp) symptoms. Approximately two-thirds of patients with Gp symptoms are either overweight or obese. We aimed to assess symptoms and nutritional status pre-GES and post-GES placement in a large sample of drug-refractory Gp patients.

Methods:
We conducted a chart review of 282 patients with drug-refractory Gp who received temporary followed by permanent GES at an academic medical center. Gastrointestinal symptoms were collected by a traditional standardized PRO (0-4, 0 being asymptomatic and 4 being worst symptoms), baseline nutritional status by BMI plus subjective global assessment (SGA score A, B, C, for mild, moderate, and severe nutritional deficits), ability to tolerate diet, enteral tube access, and parenteral therapy were assessed at baseline and after permanent GES placement.

Results:
Comparing baseline with permanent, GES was found to significantly improve upper GI symptoms in all quartiles. Of the 282 patients with baseline body mass index (BMI) information, 112 (40%) patients were severely malnourished at baseline, of which 36 (32%) patients’ nutritional status improved after GES. Among all patients, 76 (68%) patients’ nutritional status remained unchanged. Many patients with high BMI were malnourished by SGA.

Conclusion:
We conclude that symptomatic patients of different BMIs showed improvement in their GI symptoms irrespective of baseline nutritional status. Severely malnourished patients were found to have an improvement in their nutritional status after GES therapy. We conclude that BMI, even if high, is not by itself a contraindication for GES therapy for symptomatic patients.