bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religiosity, stress, and depressive symptoms among nursing and medical students during the middle stage of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Morocco
Authors: Rammouz Ismail , Lahlou Laila , Salehddine Zineb , Eloumary Omar , Laaraj Hicham , Ouhamou Mina , Mouhadi Khalid , Doufik Jalal , Aalouane Rachid , Boujraf Said 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundRecent studies on nursing and medical students showed a higher prevalence of depression and stress than the general population. Religiosity and spirituality are common in Muslim countries and are usually used as a means of coping strategy for psychological and mental disorders.ObjectiveOur objective was to evaluate the association between religious actions, depressive symptoms, and stress among students of nursing education lasting 3 years and students from the first 3 years of medical education lasting 7 years. The study was conducted at Ibn Zohr University of Agadir, Morocco.MethodA sample of different stages of nursing and medical students was recruited. Religiosity was assessed by Muslim Belief into Action (M.BIAC) scale. The depressive symptoms and stress were, respectively, assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).ResultsFour hundred and thirteen students participated in this study. Our results showed a high prevalence of depressive symptoms (62.2%) and stress (66.8%). The depression scores were higher in the following subsample categories: students in the first 2 years of studies, female medical students, and nursing students with significant differences. The recorded religiosity was greater among students without depression compared to students with depression (p &lt; 0.001). In the multivariate regression, the BIAC score demonstrated religiosity as neither a risk factor nor a protective factor of depression.ConclusionReligiosity constitutes a protective factor of depression and stress among nursing and medical students. This should improve the student's ability to cope with stressful situations during their training. Prospective studies are needed to further investigate this association and how religiosity improves mental health. This would contribute to improved academic performance and wellbeing among medical and nursing students.
Dynamics of social media behavior before and after SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Durazzi Francesco , Pichard François , Remondini Daniel , Salathé Marcel 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionOnline social media have been both a field of research and a source of data for research since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we aimed to determine how and whether the content of tweets by Twitter users reporting SARS-CoV-2 infections changed over time.MethodsWe built a regular expression to detect users reporting being infected, and we applied several Natural Language Processing methods to assess the emotions, topics, and self-reports of symptoms present in the timelines of the users.ResultsTwelve thousand one hundred and twenty-one twitter users matched the regular expression and were considered in the study. We found that the proportions of health-related, symptom-containing, and emotionally non-neutral tweets increased after users had reported their SARS-CoV-2 infection on Twitter. Our results also show that the number of weeks accounting for the increased proportion of symptoms was consistent with the duration of the symptoms in clinically confirmed COVID-19 cases. Furthermore, we observed a high temporal correlation between self-reports of SARS-CoV-2 infection and officially reported cases of the disease in the largest English-speaking countries.DiscussionThis study confirms that automated methods can be used to find digital users publicly sharing information about their health status on social media, and that the associated data analysis may supplement clinical assessments made in the early phases of the spread of emerging diseases. Such automated methods may prove particularly useful for newly emerging health conditions that are not rapidly captured in the traditional health systems, such as the long term sequalae of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Australians' experiences of COVID-19 during the early months of the crisis: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Lupton Deborah , Lewis Sophie 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThe COVID-19 crisis has wrought major changes to people's lives across the globe since the beginning of the outbreak in early 2020. The "Australians' Experiences of COVID-19” qualitative descriptive study was established to explore how Australians from different geographical areas and social groups experienced the COVID-19 crisis.MethodsThree sets of semi-structured interviews, each with a diverse group of 40 adults across Australia, were completed between 2020 and 2022. This article reports findings from the first set of interviews, conducted by telephone in mid-2020.ResultsThe participants discussed their experiences of living through this period, which was characterized by strong public health measures to contain the spread of COVID, including a national lockdown and border closures. Interview fieldnotes and verbatim transcripts were used to conduct an interpretive thematic analysis. The analysis is structured around the following five themes covering the quotidian and affective aspects of participants' lives in the early months of the COVID crisis: “disruption to routines;” “habituating to preventive measures;” “social isolation and loneliness;” “changes to work and education;” and “little change to life.” A sixth theme concerns how participants responded to our question about what they imagined their lives would be like after the pandemic: “imagining post-COVID life.”DiscussionThe crisis affected participants' experience of daily life variously according to such factors as their social circumstances and obligations as well as their histories of illness, making visible some of the unequal social and economic effects of the pandemic across different genders, ages, localities and socioeconomic groups. Our participants fell into three roughly equal groups: (i) those who found the lockdown and associated restrictions very difficult; (ii) those who reported feeling barely affected by these conditions; and (iii) those who found benefits to the “slowing down” of life during this period.
Depression and suicidal ideation among individuals with type-2 diabetes mellitus, a cross-sectional study from an urban slum area of Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Sharif Hina , Jan Shah Sumaya , Sharif Sana , Seemi Tooba , Naeem Hira , Jawed Zahida 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundSuicidal thoughts and depression are associated with patients with diabetes, especially patients with low socioeconomic backgrounds and prolonged illness.ObjectiveWe aimed to estimate suicidal thoughts and depression among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the slums of Karachi.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted across 38 locations in the slums of Karachi to understand depression, suicidal thoughts, and other supporting factors of depression associated with T2D. The three-item Oslo Social Support Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale, and the Ask Suicide Screening Questions were used to screen the patients.ResultsA total of 504 study participants were interviewed, with a response rate of 98%. The prevalence of depression among patients with diabetes was 30.83%, and suicidal ideation was 20.39%. In the final multivariate analysis, being socioeconomically poor, physically disabled, and having poor social support were independent predictors of depression.ConclusionDiabetes, low socioeconomic level, a lack of social support, and physical disability were all linked to depression. Therefore, trained health providers should conduct an early depression-focused routine screening for patients with diabetes.
Modeling the accuracy of a novel PCR and antibody ELISA for African swine fever virus detection using Bayesian latent class analysis
Authors: Schambow Rachel , Giménez-Lirola Luis G. , Hanh Vu Duc , Huong Lai Thi Lan , Lan Nguyen Thi , Trang Pham Hong , Luc Do Duc , Bo Ha Xuan , Chuong Vo Dinh , Rauh Rolf , Nelson William , Mora-Díaz Juan Carlos , Rovira Albert , Culhane Marie R. , Perez Andres M. 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionDiagnostic test evaluation for African swine fever (ASF) in field settings like Vietnam is critical to understanding test application in intended populations for surveillance and control strategies. Bayesian latent class analysis (BLCA) uses the results of multiple imperfect tests applied to an individual of unknown disease status to estimate the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of each test, forgoing the need for a reference test.MethodsHere, we estimated and compared the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of a novel indirect ELISA (iELISA) for ASF virus p30 antibody (Innoceleris LLC.) and the VetAlert™ ASF virus DNA Test Kit (qPCR, Tetracore Inc.) in field samples from Vietnam by assuming that disease status 1) is known and 2) is unknown using a BLCA model. In this cross-sectional study, 398 paired, individual swine serum/oral fluid (OF) samples were collected from 30 acutely ASF-affected farms, 37 chronically ASF-affected farms, and 20 ASF-unaffected farms in Vietnam. Samples were tested using both diagnostic assays. Diagnostic sensitivity was calculated assuming samples from ASF-affected farms were true positives and diagnostic sensitivity by assuming samples from unaffected farms were true negatives. ROC curves were plotted and AUC calculated for each test/sample combination. For comparison, a conditionally dependent, four test/sample combination, three population BLCA model was fit.ResultsWhen considering all assumed ASF-affected samples, qPCR sensitivity was higher for serum (65.2%, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 58.1–71.8) and OF (52%, 95%CI 44.8–59.2) compared to the iELISA (serum: 42.9%, 95%CI 35.9–50.1; OF: 33.3%, 95%CI 26.8–40.4). qPCR-serum had the highest AUC (0.895, 95%CI 0.863–0.928). BLCA estimates were nearly identical to those obtained when assuming disease status and were robust to changes in priors. qPCR sensitivity was considerably higher than ELISA in the acutely-affected population, while ELISA sensitivity was higher in the chronically-affected population. Specificity was nearly perfect for all test/sample types.DiscussionThe effect of disease chronicity on sensitivity and specificity could not be well characterized here due to limited data, but future studies should aim to elucidate these trends to understand the best use of virus and antibody detection methods for ASF. Results presented here will help the design of surveillance and control strategies in Vietnam and other countries affected by ASF.
Antimicrobial Activity of the Secondary Metabolites Isolated from a South African Red Seaweed, Laurencia corymbosa
Authors: Fakee Jameel , Bolton John J. , Le Roes-Hill Marilize , Durrell Kim A. , Antunes Edith , Beukes Denzil R. 
Published: February 2023

South Africa’s highly diverse marine biota includes several endemic marine red algae of the Laurencia genus. Cryptic species and morphological variability make the taxonomy of Laurencia plant challenging, and a record of the secondary metabolites isolated from South African Laurencia spp. can be used to assess their chemotaxonomic significance. In addition, the rapid development of resistance against antibiotics, coupled with the inherent ability of seaweeds to resist pathogenic infection, supported this first phycochemical investigation of Laurencia corymbosa J. Agardh. A new tricyclic keto-cuparane (7) and two new cuparanes (4, 5) were obtained alongside known acetogenins, halo-chamigranes, and additional cuparanes. These compounds were screened against Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, with 4 exhibiting excellent activity against the Gram-negative A. baumanii (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 1 μg/mL) strain.
Association between Depressive Symptom Trajectory and Chronic Kidney Disease Progression: Findings from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study
Authors: Missikpode Celestin , Ricardo Ana C. , Brown Julia , Durazo-Arvizi Ramon A. , Fischer Michael J. , Hernandez Rosalba , Porter Anna C. , Cook Judith A. , Anderson Amanda , Dolata Jacquie , Feldman Harold I. , Horwitz Edward , Lora Claudia , Wright Nunes Julie , Rao Panduranga S. , Lash James P ,   on behalf of the CRIC Study Group Investigators
Published: February 2023

Key Points

Depressive symptoms are largely stable over time among individuals with mild-to-moderate CKDLow educational attainment, cigarette smoking, and poor quality of life are associated with persistent depressive symptomsPersistent depressive symptoms are associated with nonlinear and rapid decline in kidney function

Background
Although depression is highly prevalent among individuals with CKD, little is known about the course of depressive symptoms over time. We characterized trajectories of depressive symptoms and CKD progression and evaluated the association between depressive symptoms trajectory and CKD progression.

Methods
Two thousand three hundred sixty-one individuals with mild-to-moderate CKD enrolled in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study were analyzed. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess depressive symptoms at baseline and biennially. Higher BDI scores indicate worse depressive symptoms. eGFR was calculated using the 2021 CKD-EPI equation. Group-based trajectory models were used to determine trajectories of BDI score and eGFR change over time. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with BDI trajectories and to evaluate the association of BDI trajectories with eGFR change.

Results
Over 8 years of follow-up, three patterns of depressive symptoms were identified: persistently low BDI score (57.7%), persistently moderate BDI score (33.1%), and persistently high BDI score (9.2%). Three eGFR trajectory groups were identified: nonlinear, rapid eGFR decline (21.5%); linear, expected eGFR decline (54.8%); and stable eGFR (23.7%). Predictors of persistently moderate and high BDI trajectories included low educational attainment, smoking, and poor quality of life. Compared with those with a persistently low BDI score, the odds for nonlinear, rapid eGFR decline were higher for those with persistently moderate BDI scores (odds ratio [OR], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 2.03) and persistently high BDI scores (OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.02 to 3.56). No association between moderate BDI score and linear, expected eGFR decline was observed.

Conclusions
Depressive symptoms remained largely stable among individuals with mild-to-moderate CKD, and persistently moderate and high BDI scores were associated with nonlinear, rapid eGFR decline. Future work is needed to better understand the interplay between depression and CKD progression.
Pseudoquiste peritoneal de líquido cerebroespinal
Authors: Dos-Santos Jeshua , Ramírez-Cabrera Carla 
Published: February 2023

Es psudoquiste peritoneal de líquido cerebroespinal es una complicación infrecuente de las derivaciones ventrículo-peritoneales de líquido cerebroespinal. Consiste de una cápsula fibrosa y gruesa que contiene células inflamatorias crónicas o serosa intestinal inflamada y tejido de granulación. Su incidencia varía entre 0,33 y 6,8%. La patogenia es multifactorial, incluyendo cirugías previas que causan adherencias peritoneales e infecciones clínicas. Las manifestaciones pueden ser locales, abdominales, neurológicas e infecciosas. El diagnóstico se sospecha ante el antecedente de shunt. El tratamiento puede ser laparoscópico o abierto, pero se debe descartar infección del catéter y movilizalo a un lugar con menores posibilidades de recidivas.
Density-based Clustering for Next-Generation Network Planning Assisted by Real Data
Authors: Khan M. Umar 
Published: February 2023

<p> We propose a novel density-based learning technique assisted by real data to determine the appropriate Epsilon and to locate the HTC. We have also studied the correlation of anomalous BSs (ABs) in the data in the context of network planning. The algorithm, density-based network clustering (DNC), determines the ABs, identifies the HTC and the appropriate value of Epsilon by satisfying the MNOs’ requirements on the highest traffic density MB/km2 and the target deployment area in km2 . We use the k nearest neighbors (k-NN) as a benchmark to compare the appropriate value of Epsilon and other performance parameters. </p>
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Tenuous Subgraph Finding
Authors: Sun Heli , Sun Miaomiao , Liu Xuechun , He Liang , Rao Yuan , Wang Zhi , Chen Yuan , He Hui 
Published: February 2023

<p>Tenuous subGraph finding (TGF) problem has been proposed to identify a subgraph with few social interactions and weak relationships among nodes. In particular, it aims to find a subgraph consisting of k nodes in social network G, such that the subgraph can minimize the tenuity metric. Most of the proposed techniques suffer from enormous computation due to focusing on graph-structured data. Even worse, the design of these algorithms requires manually designing suitable search strategies for specific scenarios, which is hard to be understood and implemented. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes a novel model named graph neural network with reinforcement learning for tenuous subGraph finding (R TGF), an end-to-end model combining GNN module with the reinforcement learning module, which automatically obtains the optimal solution for the tenuous subgraph. We first introduce a variant of GNN that solves the tenuity reservation problem when encoding nodes. Then we design a reward function to evaluate the node influence on subgraph tenuity. Based on this model, we can construct the solution according to the tenuity evaluations efficiently, rather than spending a high cost to compute the shortest path and enumerate all the paths between nodes. Considering the error transfer of two modules, we introduce the joint optimization strategy. Experimental results on the real-world and synthetic datasets demonstrate our proposed method R TGF outperforms existing algorithms in efficiency and solution quality. </p>
Computing Technologies for Resilience, Sustainability and Resistance
Authors: Whaanga Hēmi , Keegan Te Taka , Hudson Petera 
Published: February 2023

<p>Māori, <em>an indigenous person of Aotearoa/New Zealand, </em>has long used computing technologies for cultural resilience, linguistic survival, social revitalisation and resistance, and economic sustainability. Individuals have used various technologies, hapū, <em>subtribe</em>, iwi, <em>tribe</em>, academic institutes, innovators, activists, communities, industry leaders, computer scientists, programmers, historians, geographers, translators, linguists and te reo Māori, the <em>Māori language </em>teachers as a mechanism to connect Māori to their language, whakapapa, <em>genealogy</em>, whānau, <em>family</em>, and mātauranga, <em>knowledge</em>, <em>culture and identity </em>(T.T. Keegan and Sciascia 2018; Whaanga, Keegan, and Apperley 2017; Whaanga, Mato, and Keegan 2021). In this paper, we highlight some of the ICT initiatives Māori have undertaken and highlighted some of the real successes that we have had over the past three decades, from Te Wahapū, translations of the Microsoft and Google, to the Niupepa, Māori <em>Newspaper </em>collection, to some of the work that is currently being done in the areas of xR which encompasses augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and mixed reality (MR), machine learning techniques, text-to-speech and speech-to-text conversion, and social media platforms. </p>
CBCT-guided 3D Dental Structure Reconstruction from Panoramic X-ray: A Preprocessing Pipeline
Authors: P S Anusree , Park Bumjin , You Wonsang 
Published: February 2023

<p><em>Panoramic Radiography and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) are the most used imaging techniques for implant treatment and oral surgery. However, it cannot be used frequently due to the high cost and radiation exposure of CBCT. Whereas Panoramic x-rays do not provide the high dimensional information necessary for planning surgery. Our research aims to produce an automated method for reconstructing a 3D dental structure from a single panoramic X-ray. This paper presents a robust preprocessing pipeline of CBCT data which are exploited to train a deep learning model for reconstructing the 3D dental structure from a single 2D panoramic X-ray image. It includes a method of generating a pair of synthetic panoramic X-rays and the corresponding flattened 3D volume as ground truth from CBCT data.</em> </p>
UNSUR PSIKOLOGIS TOKOH AINI DALAM NASKAH DRAMA PEREMPUAN DAN ILUSINYA KARYA ADHYRA PRATAMA
Authors: Naura Nisrina Jehan , Devi Wika Soviana 
Published: February 2023

Di dalam penelitian ini, peneliti akan dibagi menjadi beberapa analisa menggunakan analisis psikologi dari Sigmund Freud. Menurut Sigmund Freud teori psikologi dibagi menjadi tiga, yaitu Id, ego, dan supereogo. Maka, peneliti akan menganalisis unsur 1) Id pada tokoh Aini, 2) unsur Ego pada tokoh Aini, 3) dan bentuk Superego dalam tokoh Aini yang berjudul Perempuan dan Ilusinya karya Adhyra Pratama. Penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode yaitu metode deskriptif kualitatif, teknik pengumpulan data yaitu mengumpulkan data secara pustaka. Teknik analisis data ini dilakukan dengan cara membaca serta memahami dengan baik dan benar dari naskah drama, lalu membuat analisis teks drama menggunakan pendekatan psikoanalis, peneliti memahami materi dari sumber internat atau buku yang saling berkaitan dengan psikoanalisis, memahami setiap dialaog antar tokoh yang bertujuan untuk menentukan Id, Ego, dan Superego dari tokoh Aini. Kata Kunci: Psikologis, tokoh, drama
Healthcare Managers' Perception on Patient Safety Culture
Authors: Alanazi Naif H. , Falqi Tariq Ahmed 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis paper takes a detailed look at safety culture, different roles, and powers shared by managers, lessons from which can be applied in any form of management. It also focuses on the job of managers in enhancing safety standards in a health institution. The objective of this paper was to examine the managers' perception of patient safety culture.MethodsThis study followed a quantitative cross-sectional design. The research procedure involved all middle-level managers in Aseer Central Hospital in Abha, Saudi Arabia (N = 52). To assess the status of patient safety culture and the role of healthcare managers in the field study, the researchers constructed a study questionnaire; it included questions adapted and modified from the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire, the 10 Mintzberg managerial roles and the six types of power for healthcare managers.ResultsMost participants were Saudi nationals (73.1%) aged 31 to 40 years (44.2%). The managerial role practiced frequently was leadership (85%), but the least managerial role was the figurehead (23%). Mangers held positive attitudes toward patient safety culture with 100% positive replies. No significant association was found between sex, nationality, years of experience, and professions concerning patient safety. Additionally, the results indicated that most managers were willing to uphold a safe environment for their patients and ready to involve employees in decision-making strategies to motivate them.ConclusionThe managerial choices in Aseer Central Hospital are based on the culture and tradition of the community, which might negatively undermine the capability of other individuals handling the same office based on their educational backgrounds and competency. Such situations also may demoralize the employees, leading to poor employee performance Suboptimal achievement was exhibited primarily by middle-level healthcare managers of all six power types: resource allocator, negotiator, liaison, spokesperson, figurehead, and entrepreneur. Therefore, there is a pressing need to improve managers' attitudes toward patient safety and activate managerial roles to ensure patients' safety is practiced unequivocally.