bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayes Factors for Mixed Models: Perspective on Responses
Authors: van Doorn Johnny , Aust Frederik , Haaf Julia M. , Stefan Angelika M. , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn van Doorn et al. (2021), we outlined a series of open questions concerning Bayes factors for mixed effects model comparison, with an emphasis on the impact of aggregation, the effect of measurement error, the choice of prior distributions, and the detection of interactions. Seven expert commentaries (partially) addressed these initial questions. Surprisingly perhaps, the experts disagreed (often strongly) on what is best practice—a testament to the intricacy of conducting a mixed effect model comparison. Here, we provide our perspective on these comments and highlight topics that warrant further discussion. In general, we agree with many of the commentaries that in order to take full advantage of Bayesian mixed model comparison, it is important to be aware of the specific assumptions that underlie the to-be-compared models.
All Roads Lead to Beijing? Shifts in Chinese Labour and Capital During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wu Ying , Crout Leigha , Matković Aleksandar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe unprecedented global pandemic has shaken the world's foundations – upending legal institutions, toppling established principles of transnational governance, and limiting mobility between nations. In the People's Republic of China (the PRC or China), one of the most significant legal developments is the major reconfiguration of the state's labour and capital policies oriented towards its economic partners with emerging economies and economies in transition. These policies have changed dramatically, especially given the disproportionate impact of the pandemic on lower-income states. China's domestic situation and its need to meet evolving transnational demands also contribute to the reformation of these economic ties, and perhaps precede further changes to be implemented in the future. To provide much-needed insight into this ongoing transformation, this Article investigates how China's labour and capital policies towards its key international partners have developed in response to the pandemic. Drawing on three case studies, we use a socio-legal approach to analyse the status of migrants from African countries in China, labour immigration to China from its southwestern border regions, and the emigration of Chinese nationals to Serbia and the Balkans for the purposes of labour and investment. Through these representative developments, this Article unveils new trends in China's post-pandemic labour and capital policies, including enhanced responsiveness; a security-centric approach to border management; and an improving regulatory approach to ordinary migration channels.
Digital Livestock Technologies as boundary objects: Investigating impacts on farm management and animal welfare
Authors: Schillings Juliette , Bennett Richard , Wemelsfelder Françoise , Rose David C 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Digital Livestock Technologies (DLTs) can assist farmer decision-making and promise benefits to animal health and welfare. However, the extent to which they can help improve animal welfare is unclear. This study explores how DLTs may impact farm management and animal welfare by promoting learning, using the concept of boundary objects. Boundary objects may be interpreted differently by different social worlds but are robust enough to share a common identity across them. They facilitate communication around a common issue, allowing stakeholders to collaborate and co-learn. The type of learning generated may impact management and welfare differently. For example, it may help improve existing strategies (single-loop learning), or initiate reflection on how these strategies were framed initially (double-loop learning). This study focuses on two case studies, during which two DLTs were developed and tested on farms. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with stakeholders involved in the case studies (n = 31), and the results of a separate survey were used to complement our findings. Findings support the important potential of DLTs to help enhance animal welfare, although the impacts vary between technologies. In both case studies, DLTs facilitated discussions between stakeholders, and whilst both promoted improved management strategies, one also promoted deeper reflection on the importance of animal emotional well-being and on providing opportunities for positive animal welfare. If DLTs are to make significant improvements to animal welfare, greater priority should be given to DLTs that promote a greater understanding of the dimensions of animal welfare and a reframing of values and beliefs with respect to the importance of animals’ well-being.
Validating Indicators of Subjective Animal Welfare
Authors: Browning Heather 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMeasurement of subjective animal welfare creates a special problem in validating the measurement indicators used. Validation is required to ensure indicators are measuring the intended target state, and not some other object. While indicators can usually be validated by looking for correlation between target and indicator under controlled manipulations, this is not possible when the target state is not directly accessible. In this article, I outline a four-step approach using the concept of robustness that can help with validating indicators of subjective animal welfare.
Supposition and (Statistical) Models
Authors: Dethier Corey 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn a recent paper, Sprenger advances what he calls a “suppositional” answer to the question of why a Bayesian agent’s degrees of belief should align with the probabilities found in statistical models. I show that Sprenger’s account trades on an ambiguity between hypothetical and subjunctive suppositions and cannot succeed once we distinguish between the two.
Adaptationism and Trait Individuation
Authors: DiFrisco James , Ramsey Grant 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAdaptationism is often taken to be the thesis that most traits are adaptations. To assess this thesis, it seems we must be able to establish either an exhaustive set of all traits or a representative sample of this set. Either task requires a more systematic and principled way of individuating traits than is currently available. Moreover, different trait individuation criteria can make adaptationism turn out true or false. For instance, individuation based on natural selection may render adaptationism true, but may do so by presupposing adaptationism. In this article, we show how adaptationism depends on trait individuation and that the latter is an open and unsolved problem.
Peer Review, Innovation, and Predicting the Future of Science: The Scope of Lotteries in Science Funding Policy
Authors: Shaw Jamie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent science funding policy scholars and practitioners have advocated for the use of lotteries, or elements of random chance, as supplementations of traditional peer review for evaluating grant applications. One of the primary motivations for lotteries is their purported openness to innovative research. The purpose of this article is to argue that current proponents of funding science by lottery overestimate the viability of peer review and thus unduly restrict the scope of lotteries in science funding practice. I further show how this analysis suggests a different way of introducing lotteries into science funding policy.
Can Bayesian Models of Cognition Show That We Are (Epistemically) Rational?
Authors: Levy Arnon 
Published: February 2023

Abstract“According to [Bayesian] models” in cognitive neuroscience, says a recent textbook, “the human mind behaves like a capable data scientist.” Do they? That is, do such models show we are rational? I argue that Bayesian models of cognition, perhaps surprisingly, don’t and indeed can’t show that we are Bayes-rational. The key reason is that they appeal to approximations, a fact that carries significant implications. After outlining the argument, I critique two responses, seen in recent cognitive neuroscience. One says that the mind can be seen as approximately Bayes-rational, while the other reconceives norms of rationality.
Probing of alpha, beta and kappa-caseins polymorphic variants in Gangatiri cow milk with the use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and HRAMS
Authors: Singh Manish Kumar , Kumar Arvind , Nimmanapalli Ramadevi , Hooda Ankita 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis research communication aimed to probe the genetic polymorphisms of alpha, beta, and kappa caseins in Gangatiri cows (an indigenous Indian cattle). Detection of variants has received considerable research interest in the dairy industry and animal breeding in recent years as a source of good quality protein, but also of bioactive peptides that may be linked to health implications. The polymorphic nature of casein fractions and their association with milk production traits, composition, and quality also attracted several efforts in evaluating the allelic distribution of different casein locus as a potential dairy trait marker. Molecular techniques of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high-resolution accurate mass-spectrometry have been applied to this probe. Sequence analysis of different casein types in the cows showed the presence of four specific variants.
Dairy animals and breast cancer: reflections on a long-term study from the 1970s that was never done
Authors: Peaker Malcolm 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this short commentary I recall a long-term experiment that was sketched out to determine if the low incidence of mammary cancer in dairy animals reflects a low incidence in these species generally or is the result of a protective effect of early pregnancy and long lactations. Although that experiment was never done, I discuss these questions in the light of developing knowledge on the incidence of cancer in ruminants generally and in the mammary gland in particular.
The ‘Diderot Objection’ to Plantinga's Reformed Epistemology
Authors: Aijaz Imran 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn response to Pascal's famous wager argument for adopting Christian belief, Denis Diderot noted that ‘An Imam could just as well reason this way’. In this article, I will show how Diderot's observation about Pascal's argument can legitimately be made about Alvin Plantinga's Reformed Epistemology (RE) and its use in defending the rationality of Christian belief. Plantinga's RE can, with some minor adjustments, easily be adopted by Muslims. I shall argue that an Islamic analogue of Plantinga's Christian RE presents an undercutting rationality defeater for Christian belief for those reflective Christians who adopt Plantinga-style religious epistemology. I call this defeater the ‘Diderot Objection’ to Plantinga's RE. As part of my discussion, I will consider how Plantinga attempts to respond to this sort of objection and will show why his response runs into difficulties.
Wittgensteinian blasphemy: what it's like to be a heretic
Authors: McCraw Benjamin W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this article, I explore a Wittgensteinian approach to blasphemy. While philosophy of religion tends to have very little to say about blasphemy, we can note two key, typically unchallenged, assumptions about it. First, there is the Assertion from Anywhere Assumption: whether one can successfully blaspheme is entirely independent of one's religious views, commitments, or way of life. Second, there is the Act of Communication Assumption: blasphemy is essentially an act of assertion. I contend that a Wittgensteinian approach rejects both assumptions and, thus, reorients our conception of blasphemy. Take two characteristically Wittgensteinian claims. First, religious statements/beliefs have a different ‘grammar’ than empirical propositions. Second (and relatedly), holding religious beliefs necessarily connects with how one lives. Wittgensteinian blasphemy rejects the Assertion from Anywhere Assumption: to blaspheme, one must be in or have been in the religious framework one blasphemes. Being entirely outside of that context divests one's blasphemy from its proper content. Second, Wittgensteinian blasphemy rejects the Act of Communication Assumption: if religious belief is centrally a form of life, then blasphemy must be lived out as well. Wittgensteinian blasphemy is less about the utterances one makes and more about how one's life intersects (or fails to intersect) with religiosity.
From the pragmatics of charades to the creation of language
Authors: Chater Nick , Christiansen Morten H. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We agree with Heintz & Scott-Phillips that pragmatics does not supplement, but is prior to and underpins, language. Indeed, human non-linguistic communication is astonishingly rich, flexible, and subtle, as we illustrate through the game of charades, where people improvise communicative signals when linguistic channels are blocked. The route from non-linguistic charade-like communication to combinatorial language involves (1) local processes of conventionalization and grammaticalization and (2) spontaneous order arising from mutual constraints between different communicative signals.
Metarepresentation, trust, and “unleashed expression”
Authors: Berio Leda , Newen Albert , Moore Richard 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHeintz & Scott-Phillips's account of human expression leaves a number of central issues unclear – not least, whether the lack of expression in nonhuman species is attributable to their lack of the relevant metarepresentational abilities, an absence of trust, or a consequence of other factors. In place of their view, we propose a gradualistic account of the origins of human expression.
Teaching unleashes expression
Authors: Gärdenfors Peter 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
I propose that the evolution of teaching has been central in extending manipulative intentions. Demonstrating may be the evolutionarily first form of expression that is productive, ostensive, and involves informative intention. Demonstration also involves theory of mind. Then pantomime goes a step further and involves a communicative intention. Pantomime can thereby function as displaced communication used for more complex expressions.
Expression unleashed in artificial intelligence
Authors: Tolstaya Ekaterina I. , Gupta Abhinav , Hughes Edward 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The problem of generating generally capable agents is an important frontier in artificial intelligence (AI) research. Such agents may demonstrate open-ended, versatile, and diverse modes of expression, similar to humans. We interpret the work of Heintz & Scott-Phillips as a minimal sufficient set of socio-cognitive biases for the emergence of generally expressive AI, separate yet complementary to existing algorithms.
Putting the cart before the horse? The origin of information donation
Authors: Burkart Judith M. , Sehner Sandro , Brügger Rahel K. , Adriaense Jessie E. C. , van Schaik Carel P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHeintz & Scott-Phillips propose that the partner choice ecology of our ancestors required Gricean cognitive pragmatics for reputation management, which caused a tendency toward showing and expecting prosociality that subsequently scaffolded language evolution. Here, we suggest a cognitively leaner explanation that is more consistent with comparative data and posits that prosociality and eventually language evolved along with cooperative breeding.
TGA + IVS + LVOTO: patterns of practice and outcomes
Authors: Esmaeil Husain , Jacobs Jeffrey P. , Tchervenkov Christo I. , Kansy Andrzej , Maruszewski Bohdan , Tobota Zdzislaw , St. Louis James D. , Kirklin James K. , Overman David M. , Vida Vladimiro , Herbst Claudia , Ashfaq Awais , Al-Halees Zohair , Sarris George E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurpose:Transposition of great arteries with intact ventricular septum and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (TGA + IVS + LVOTO) is uncommon. We reviewed operations performed in patients with TGA + IVS + LVOTO in the European Congenital Heart Surgeons Association Congenital Database (ECHSA-CD).Methods:All 109 patients with a diagnosis of TGA + IVS + LVOTO in ECHSA-CD who underwent cardiac surgery during a 21-year period (01/2000-02/2021, inclusive) were included. Preoperative variables, operative data, and postoperative outcomes were collected.Results:These 109 patients underwent 176 operations, including 37 (21.0%) arterial switch operations (ASO), 26 (14.2%) modified Blalock-Taussig-Thomas shunts (MBTTS), 11 (6.2%) Rastelli operations, and 13 (7.3%) other palliative operations (8 superior cavopulmonary anastomosis[es], 4 Fontan, and 1 other palliative procedure). Of 37 patients undergoing ASO, 22 had a concomitant procedure.There were 68 (38.6%) reoperations, including 11 pacemaker procedures and 8 conduit operations. After a systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt, reoperations included shunt reoperation (n = 4), Rastelli (n = 4), and superior cavopulmonary anastomosis (n = 3).Overall Operative Mortality was 8.2% (9 deaths), including three following ASO, two following “Nikaidoh, Kawashima, or LV-PA conduit” procedures, and two following Rastelli. Postoperative complications occurred after 36 operations (20.4%). The most common complications were delayed sternal closure (n = 11), postoperative respiratory insufficiency requiring mechanical ventilation >7 days (n = 9), and renal failure requiring temporary dialysis (n = 8).Conclusion:TGA + IVS + LVOTO is rare (109 patients in ECHSA-CD over 21 years). ASO, MBTTS, and Rastelli are the most common operations performed for TGA + IVS + LVOTO. Larger international studies with long-term follow-up are needed to better define the anatomy of the LVOTO and to determine the optimal surgical strategy.
‘They convert, I also convert’: the neighborhood effects and tea farmers' intention to convert to organic farming
Authors: Van Vu Hong , Heo Yoon , Doanh Nguyen Khanh 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of neighborhood effects (NE) on tea farmers' intention to convert from traditional to organic farming in the mountainous areas of northern Vietnam. It differs from previous studies in two aspects. First, we combine the theory of planned behavior and the theory of herd behavior to explain farmers' intention to convert from traditional to organic farming, focusing on the impact of the NE. Secondly, to measure NE, we use a combination of questionnaires and methods of measuring herd behavior by McCartney and Shah. Using the generalized structural equation modeling and data collected from 263 tea farmers in Thai Nguyen, we found that NE has a positive and direct significant effect on farmers' intention to convert to organic tea production in the case where neighbors both live nearby and have a close relationship with the subject. In addition, it indirectly impacts farmers' conversion intention through attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavior control. To encourage tea farmers to convert to organic farming, policymakers and extension workers should take advantage of the NE to increase farmers' confidence about the benefits and the possibility of successful organic farming.
Effects of Magnetic Dips on the Propagation of Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves
Authors: Yu Xiongdong , Yuan Zhigang , Huang Zheng , Xue Zuxiang , Zhao Yufeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent studies have found that magnetic dips resulting from the diamagnetic motion of injected plasmas can provide a favorable environment for electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave excitation. However, another critical question how magnetic dips affect the propagation of EMIC waves remains uncovered. In this paper, with plasma environment as well as wave properties observed in a typical event, theoretical analysis about this topic has been provided. Our results show that in this event both H+ band and He+ band EMIC waves can be constrained in the magnetic dip, which is consistent with the wave emissions observed inside the magnetic dip. The energetic protons have also been found to fall around the saturated states, suggesting a stable balance built among EMIC waves, energetic protons, and magnetic structures. Our results provide one new insight into the EMIC wave propagation inside a magnetic dip and their important roles in the dynamics of magnetic dips.
A Capillary Bundle Model for the Electrical Conductivity of Saturated Frozen Porous Media
Authors: Luo Haoliang , Jougnot Damien , Jost Anne , Teng Jidong , Thanh Luong Duy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLiquid water in frozen porous media provides the path for moisture and solute migration, which is one of the essential problems to study thaw‐weakening and frost‐heave in freezing region engineering. Determining and monitoring liquid water saturation and permeability in saturated frozen porous media are therefore critical issues in cold regions. To this end, geophysical methods are tools of choice given their non‐invasive nature. Electrical conductivity as a physical property is related to both the bulk characteristics of saturated porous medium submitted to frozen temperatures, like porosity as well as liquid water content, and surface properties, such as the solid surface‐liquid water and bulk ice‐liquid water interfaces. In this study, we upscale a microstructural procedure of liquid water‐saturated frozen soils to predict the electrical conductivity with different pore size distributions (PSDs). Then, we analyze the model sensitivity to the model parameters and compare the lognormal and fractal PSD models. Furthermore, the proposed model successfully predicts the experimental data of electrical conductivity for different samples from experiments that are part of this work and published data. The proposed model for characterizing electrical conductivity opens up new possibilities to describe the distribution and dynamics of liquid water with geoelectrical and electromagnetic techniques in frozen environments.
African Easterly Wave Evolution and Tropical Cyclogenesis in a Pre‐Helene (2006) Hindcast Using the Model for Prediction Across Scales‐Atmosphere (MPAS‐A)
Authors: Núñez Ocasio K. M. , Rios‐Berrios R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTropical cyclogenesis (TCG) remains an elusive phenomenon partly due to the limited understanding of complex water vapor‐convection‐wave interactions. The Model for Prediction Across Scales‐Atmosphere (MPAS‐A) was used to study the TCG of the African easterly wave (AEW) that became Hurricane Helene (2006). The two main objectives were: (a) evaluate the capability of MPAS‐A to simulate TCG from an AEW by comparing MPAS‐A—initialized with the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) and the Global Forecast System (GFS)—with observations together with reanalysis and, (b) use the hindcast to investigate the role of moisture in the mechanisms that led to Helene's TCG. The more intense GFS‐initialized pre‐Helene was slower propagating and was associated with a wetter and stronger monsoon when compared to both the IFS‐initialized simulation and observed. TCG occurred when net moisture flux within the boundary layer toward the center of the wave increased persistently. The reanalysis pre‐genesis top‐heavy vertical mass flux profile transitioned to a bottom‐heavy profile during TCG, whereas the simulations had top‐heavy and bottom‐heavy profiles simultaneously, resulting from a more‐intense and fast‐occurring TCG than in the reanalysis. Moisture‐vortex instability helped explain the vertical mass fluxes and the co‐location of convection, moisture and wave vortex demonstrating to be an applicable theoretical model for TCG. Moisture mode was tested as a diagnostic tool for AEW evolution and TCG. The case exhibited some moisture mode properties, and it is proposed that AEWs become more moisture‐mode like once reaching western Africa and during TCG. An AEW TCG pathway is proposed.