bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time Is a Tool: Evaluation of a Prolonged Casualty Care Curriculum With a Focus on Temporal Fidelity
Authors: Hildreth Amy F , Cole Rebekah , Henderson Jonathan , Shen Cynthia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction
In current and anticipated future conflicts, including large-scale combat operations, medical teams are tasked to provide prolonged casualty care (PCC) or extended patient care that occurs when delays in evacuation exceed the team’s capabilities. Although the principles of PCC are often taught to military medical providers using simulation, educators rarely dedicate the time to training required to simulate the prolonged nature of these encounters. Therefore, a lack of knowledge exists regarding which aspects of extended care may be lost in an accelerated training scenario.

Materials and Methods
To close this knowledge gap within military medical education and training, we modified an existing PCC curriculum at the USU, Operation Gunpowder, to focus on temporal fidelity, extending the length of the simulated encounter to 21 hours. We used a qualitative phenomenological design to explore the students’ experiences and perceptions by closely analyzing their assigned reflection papers.

Results
We identified four themes from the students’ reflection papers: (1) Recognized effects of fatigue, (2) navigated resource limitations, (3) realized the value of teamwork, and (4) noted the importance of communication and documentation. These themes revealed benefits of incorporating temporal fidelity into PCC training, including self-awareness of personal limits and possible strategies to mitigate fatigue when medical or operational mission requirements dictate sleep deprivation. Future studies are needed to determine other training scenarios that would benefit from adherence to temporal fidelity.

Conclusions
Wars and disasters require medical providers trained in PCC. Future educational activities aimed at teaching PCC should continue to incorporate temporal fidelity to help teach these valuable lessons.
The FLAMINGO Project: An assessment of the systematic errors in the predictions of models for galaxy cluster counts used to infer cosmological parameters
Authors: Kugel Roi , Schaye Joop , Schaller Matthieu , Forouhar Moreno Victor J , McGibbon Robert J 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Galaxy cluster counts have historically been important for the measurement of cosmological parameters and upcoming surveys will greatly reduce the statistical errors. To exploit the potential of current and future cluster surveys, theoretical uncertainties on the predicted abundance must be smaller than the statistical errors. Models used to predict cluster counts typically combine a model for the dark matter only (DMO) halo mass function (HMF) with an observable–mass relation that is assumed to be a power law with lognormal scatter. We use the FLAMINGO suite of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations to quantify the biases in the cluster counts and cosmological parameters resulting from the different ingredients of conventional models. For the observable–mass proxy, we focus on the Compton-Y parameter quantifying the thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect, which is expected to result in cluster samples that are relatively close to mass-selected samples. We construct three mock samples based on existing (Planck and SPT) and upcoming (Simons Observatory) surveys. We ignore measurement uncertainties and compare the biases in the counts and inferred cosmological parameters to each survey’s Poisson errors. We find that widely used models for the DMO HMF differ significantly from each other and from the DMO version of FLAMINGO, leading to significant biases for all three surveys. For upcoming surveys, dramatic improvements are needed for all additional model ingredients, i.e. the functional forms of the fits to the observable–mass scaling relation and the associated scatter, the priors on the scaling relation and the prior on baryonic effects associated with feedback processes on the HMF.
The language of glioblastoma: a tale of cytokines and sex hormones communication
Authors: Alemán Omar Rafael , Quintero Juan Carlos , Camacho-Arroyo Ignacio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive and frequent tumor in the central nervous system and, in humans, represents the worst prognosis for cancer. GB develops a very complex microenvironment, recruiting and interacting with a variety of cells and soluble factors, including immune cells, cytokines, and sex hormones, that contribute to GB survival and progression. Recent evidence has shown a crosstalk between cytokine and sex hormone signaling in GB. This communication could provide GB resistance to treatments and malignancy. Then, how GB orchestrates this communication is a matter of interest. For instance, a critical interaction between tumor necrosis factor beta (TGF-β) and estrogen receptor signaling has been reported in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition, an essential step in GB progression. Furthermore, an inhibition of TGF-β signaling by androgen receptor has been reported to promote GB tumorigenesis in men. On the other hand, it has been described that cytokines regulate steroid hormone production in different organs, and this mechanism could be involved in GB development and progression. All these data suggest an intercommunication between the immune and endocrine systems in the tumor microenvironment. Thus, in this review, we focus on explaining the knowledge about this critical intercommunication system and its implication in GB progression.
(Un)Remembering Sexual Violence in South African History
Authors: Bridger Emily 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
South Africa is a country known for its high rates of gender-based and sexual violence. Historical research demonstrates that such issues are not new to the post-apartheid era but have deep roots stretching into the country’s colonial and apartheid periods. Yet when asked to reflect on historic sexual violence, oral history interviewees — Black women in their sixties, seventies and eighties — largely recalled the apartheid past as a period devoid of sexual violence, describing the problem to researchers as something that only started happening ‘now, in your days’. This article unpacks such statements and argues that much rape perpetrated during apartheid, particularly within communities, has been subject to a collective unremembering. It highlights four central explanations for this: how rape was historically silenced by families, communities and the police; the refusal to name rape as such in the past, with sexual violence more commonly characterized as ‘force’; how histories of intra-communal sexual violence have been sidelined within dominant historical or political narratives of apartheid; and how discourse of South Africa’s present rape ‘crisis’ fosters historical amnesia and promotes nostalgia for a past believed to be without rape.
Policy knowledge production in de-democratizing contexts
Authors: Krizsán Andrea , Jezierska Katarzyna , Sörbom Adrienne 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In an era of post-truth, the legitimacy of policy knowledge is questioned, especially in de-democratizing contexts where governments purposefully engage in post-truth politics to support their regimes. In such contexts, technocratic evidence-based policymaking is undermined, and the role played by policy advice changes. Recognizing the significance of political contextual factors that might differ across de-democratizing contexts, we analyzed how changes in policymaking and public administration in de-democratization contexts impact policy advice, focusing on think tanks in two de-democratizing countries of the European Union: Hungary and Poland. We identify four aspects of policymaking that are particularly consequential for the role of think tanks and the knowledge they produce in policymaking processes: questioning and politicizing expertise, centralizing policymaking, politicizing public administration, and dismantling accountability mechanisms. We argue that changes in policymaking along these four aspects are conducive to a controlled policy advice system, favoring short-term policy advice aligned with government ideology, while marginalizing and excluding the actors and knowledge that do not align. Our research, along with other literature on knowledge regimes in consolidated autocracies, suggests that control in these European Union–based contexts is not complete, and the think tank field continues to be characterized by diversity, particularly contestation and polarization between those who are aligned with the regime and those who oppose it. We substantiate our claims using an original interview dataset on think tanks in Hungary and Poland.
From benign to malign: unintended consequences and the growth of Zombie policies
Authors: Peters B. Guy , Nagel Maximilian L 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Few policymakers initiate policies that they know are malign, and are contrary to the public interest. Well-intentioned policies may, however, have unintended consequences that over time do make them, at least in part, malign. These policies may continue to produce some positive results for society, but they may also have significant negative consequences. Further, given that the malign nature of the policy tends to benefit powerful political and economic interests, once the malign aspects of the policy begin to manifest themselves, they tend to persist. This paper will use four mini-cases to understand better the transition from benign to malign policies. Two of the cases come from the United States and two come from Germany. Two cases will be in health policy, one in infrastructure, and one in crisis management policies. In all four cases policies that have over time began to demonstrate negative features continue to be implemented because of the benefits that they create for some interests in society–interests other than the original targets of the programs. In addition to the emerging literature on malign policies, this paper will have relevance for the large literature on unintended consequences (beginning with Merton in 1936), as well as the literature on Zombie ideas and failed policy ideas.
Against inferential moral knowledge: A defence of Hume’s Law
Authors: Backes Marvin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
According to Hume’s Law, we cannot infer moral conclusions from wholly non-moral premises; or, more concisely, we cannot infer an ‘ought’ from an ‘is’. While Hume’s Law (at least in qualified form) has enjoyed widespread acceptance, recent years have seen an upsurge of interest in anti-Humean accounts of moral knowledge. According to these accounts, we can come to know moral conclusions via inferences from wholly non-moral premises. The main aim of this paper is to defend Hume’s Law against these recent threats and to argue, more generally, that there are good reasons to remain pessimistic about anti-Humean accounts of moral knowledge. In particular, the paper (1) raises doubts about the leading accounts of inferential moral knowledge currently found in the literature, (2) proposes a new account of inferential moral knowledge that promises to avoid the shortcomings of its predecessors, but (3) argues that the new account too is ultimately unsuccessful.
Long-term tofacitinib efficacy and safety in psoriatic arthritis with or without prior biologic DMARD exposure: a post hoc analysis
Authors: Gladman Dafna D , Dougados Maxime , Marzo-Ortega Helena , Cadatal Mary Jane , Agarwal Ekta , Kinch Cassandra D , Nash Peter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
To assess long-term tofacitinib efficacy and safety in patients with PsA with or without prior biologic (b)DMARD exposure.

Methods
Data were pooled post hoc from three Phase (P)3 and one long-term extension (LTE) PsA studies and stratified by TNF inhibitor-inadequate responder (TNFi-IR) or bDMARD-naïve patient status at P3 study baseline. Data were reported as all tofacitinib (patients receiving ≥1 tofacitinib dose) or average tofacitinib 5 and 10 mg twice daily (patients receiving an average total daily dose &lt;15 and ≥15 mg, respectively). Drug survival to Month 51, efficacy to Month 42 and safety were assessed descriptively.

Results
408 TNFi-IR patients (including 29 TNFi-experienced with unknown IR status) and 562 bDMARD-naïve patients were included. At baseline, TNFi-IR patients were more likely to be ≥ 65 years old, have cardiovascular/venous thromboembolism risk, and longer disease duration vs bDMARD-naïve patients. Drug survival was numerically shorter in TNFi-IR vs bDMARD-naïve patients. Tofacitinib efficacy was generally sustained to Month 42, regardless of prior bDMARD treatment. MDA/PASDAS ≤3.2/PASI75 response rates were numerically lower in TNFi-IR vs bDMARD-naïve patients to Month 42 but rates of achieving HAQ-DI ≤0.5 and enthesitis/dactylitis resolution were similar. In TNFi-IR vs bDMARD-naïve patients, treatment-emergent adverse event incidence rates were higher, and serious adverse event, serious infection and herpes zoster incidence rates were numerically higher (CI overlapped).

Conclusion
These findings support long-term tofacitinib efficacy and safety in TNFi-IR and bDMARD-naïve patients. However, the benefit-risk profile appeared more favourable in bDMARD-naïve patients, likely due to differences in baseline characteristics and risk factors between subgroups.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01877668; NCT01882439; NCT03486457; NCT01976364
Double-edged Swords? Party Ideology, Activism, and Visibility in the Careers of Italian LGBT+ Politicians
Authors: Prearo Massimo , Trastulli Federico 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article analyzes the careers of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT+) politicians in Italy, focusing on the dual role of party affiliation, visibility, and the relationship with LGBT+ organized activism. Qualitative analysis of twenty-two semi-structured interviews with out LGBT+ politicians shows that party affiliation, activism, and personal openness can both advance and hinder their careers, depending on contextual and individual circumstances. Across left- and right-wing parties alike, LGBT+ politicians can both be favored in the stage of candidate selection due to the opportunistic need of “ticking the LGBT+ box” and face discrimination from party élites and members. Further, while the support of organized activism can legitimize LGBT+ candidates, some interviewees found it uninfluential or, especially if trans, outright lacking. Finally, while local-level intensified visibility can serve as both a protective mechanism and a valuable condition for acceptance in smaller communities, body “hypervisibility” can expose some LGBT+ politicians to harmful political attacks.
Tracing the Labor Migration Treadmill: A Global Political Economy Analysis of Central Asians on the Move
Authors: Kangas Anni , Artist Anonymous 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The migration corridor between Central Asia and Russia is one of the busiest in the world. In this article, we intend to answer the following question: which political economy dynamics animate labor migration from Central Asia to Russia? To do so, we provide a sketch of the labor migration treadmill by detailing its structural and “cruelly optimistic” affective logics. We identify four structural themes in the treadmill: (1) dispossession, (2) politics of belonging and racialization, (3) gender and patriarchal dynamics, and (4) externalization of social reproduction. A scrutiny of these themes shows that the treadmill of Central Asian labor migration is grounded in a specific but globally resonant political economic condition of “post-Soviet precarity.” This article is based on solicited journals written by migrant workers and analyzed jointly by an artist and an academic. Consequently, the interplay of drawings and textual narration is integral to the article’s logic of inquiry.
Using transcriptomic signatures to elucidate individual and mixture effects of inorganic arsenic and manganese in human placental trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells
Authors: Freedman Anastasia N , Hartwell Hadley , Fry Rebecca 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Prenatal exposure to the toxic metal inorganic arsenic (iAs) is associated with adverse pregnancy and fetal growth outcomes. These adverse outcomes are tied to physiological disruptions in the placenta. Although iAs co-occurs in the environment with other metals such as manganese (Mn), there is a gap in the knowledge of the effects of metal mixtures on the placenta. To address this, we exposed human placental trophoblast cells to iAs, Mn, and an iAs–Mn mixture at 3 concentrations and evaluated transcriptome-wide gene expression and placental migration. We hypothesized that co-exposure to iAs–Mn in a mixture would result in a synergistic/enhanced transcriptomic effect compared to either metal alone. We also anticipated that genes involved in inflammatory or immune-related pathways would be differentially expressed in relation to the mixture compared to single-metals. The results highlight that iAs exposure alone had a stronger genomic response than Mn exposure, with 2-fold the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). When analyzing DEGs present across all concentrations of study, the iAs–Mn mixture resulted in the greatest number of DEGs. The results highlight that iAs exposure alone influences the expression of toll-like receptor-initiated response pathways including Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1. Exposure to Mn alone influenced the expression of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis pathways. In contrast, exposure to the iAs–Mn mixtures resulted in altered expression of inflammatory and immune response-related pathways, including the Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-mediated oxidative stress response pathway. Migration was unaffected by iAs, Mn, or the iAs–Mn mixture. These findings provide novel toxicogenomic insights into iAs- and Mn-induced placental transcriptomic dysregulations at environmentally relevant concentrations, with implications that in utero exposure to metal mixtures can influence inflammatory and immune pathways within the placenta.
Diagnostic sensitivity of formalin-fixed faecal microscopy for the detection of soil-transmitted helminths
Authors: Larkins Andrew , Keokhamphavanh Boualay , Knight Breanna , Taggart Kelly , Keatley Sarah , Insisiengmay Bounnaloth , Ash Amanda 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Faecal microscopy is the mainstay of soil-transmitted helminth diagnosis and commonly completed on formalin-fixed samples when resources are insufficient to analyse fresh samples. This study assessed the diagnostic sensitivity of microscopic techniques using formalin-fixed samples.

Methods
Formalin-fixed faecal samples from 574 individuals were tested by the formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT), Malachite smear, McMaster and McMaster2 methods. Agreement between tests was assessed by Kappa. Bayesian latent class models and a composite reference standard estimated the diagnostic sensitivity of each test.

Results
Moderate-to-good agreement between tests was observed for A. lumbricoides. Agreement was poorer for hookworm and Trichuris trichiura. The FECT (72.70%, credible interval [CrI]: 68.92–76.56%) and McMaster2 method (67.93%, 95% CrIs: 62.41–73.31%) had the highest sensitivities for A. lumbricoides. For hookworm, the McMaster2 method (70.56%, 95% CrIs: 64.10–76.96%) was more sensitive than all other tests. For T. trichiura, the McMaster (90.10%, 95% CrIs: 83.29–94.67%) and McMaster2 (89.3%, 95% CrIs: 82.28–94.52%) methods were the most sensitive.

Conclusions
The McMaster2 method is a viable alternative to FECT and provides important information on the intensity of infection. The effect of formalin-fixation on test performance may not be as great as previously assumed. This study reports formalin-fixed sensitivities similar to previous estimates using fresh samples.
Ghrelin alleviates liver fibrosis by triggering HSCs ferroptosis via regulating injured hepatocyte‐derived exosomal LncMALAT1/GPX4 pathway
Authors: Luo Xin , Chen Kan , Zhang Jie , Yao Zhilu , Guo Chuanyong , Qu Ying , Lu Lungen , Mao Yuqing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGhrelin is a gastric peptide that modulates various biological functions, including potential anti‐inflammatory and antifibrotic properties. Increasingly evidence have demonstrated that exosomes derived from injured hepatocytes (IHC‐Exo) can accelerate the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and liver fibrosis. Ferroptosis, a type of novel programmed cell death, regulates diverse pathological processes, including liver fibrosis. However, it remains unclear whether ghrelin exerts its antifibrotic effect through mechanisms involving exosomes and ferroptosis. To explore the mechanism, IHC‐Exo were isolated from supernatant of injured mouse primary hepatocytes (HCs) treated with palmitic acid (PA). Mouse primary HSCs and a bile duct ligation (BDL)‐induced liver fibrosis murine model were then treated with IHC‐Exo or exosomes derived from ghrelin‐pretreated injured hepatocytes (GHR‐IHC‐Exo). The expression of α‐SMA, Collagen I and long noncoding (lnc) RNA MALAT1 in HSCs were then detected. The ferroptosis of HSCs was evaluated by assessing the level of CCK8, MDA, GSH, and GPX4 expression. Mouse serum and liver biopsy samples were used to determine whether ferroptosis is involved in the progression of liver fibrosis. Nanoparticle tracking analysis and electron microscopy characterized the features of IHC‐Exo. As the results suggested, compared with IHC‐Exo, GHR‐IHC‐Exo treatment significantly promoted ferroptosis of HSCs, inhibited their activation, and consequently alleviated liver fibrosis progression in BDL mice. The inhibitory effect of GHR‐IHC‐Exo on activation of HSCs was partially reversed by treatment with the ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin‐1. The expression of lncMALAT1 was significantly down‐regulated in GHR‐IHC‐Exo as compared to IHC‐Exo. Serum exosome levels of MALAT1 were significantly higher in patients with severe liver fibrosis compared to those with mild liver fibrosis. Additionally, the expression of ferroptosis suppressor protein GPX4 was elevated as liver fibrosis progression, indicating decreased ferroptosis of HSCs in patients with severe liver fibrosis. In conclusion, Ghrelin reduced the pro‐fibrotic effect of IHC‐Exo in liver fibrosis by regulating lncMALAT1/GPX4 pathway mediated HSCs ferroptosis. Triggering HSCs ferroptosis via GHR‐IHC‐Exo may become a novel strategy to alleviate the progression of liver fibrosis.