bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drawing fracture behavior and mechanism analysis of ER50-6G welding wire steel
Authors: Zuo Maofang , Zuo Qingyuan , Ma Zhengwei , Liu Fangguo , Liu Xindi , Fang Xing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we investigated the drawing fracture behavior of ER50-6G welding wire steel and analyzed the factors affecting the fracture, such as continuous casting slag and inclusion, billet structure segregation, Ti inclusion, surface defect inheritance, metallographic structure type, fracture morphology, and so on. OLYMPUS GX53 optical microscope was used to observe and analyze the macrostructure of the cross-section and longitudinal section of the continuous casting billet and the original quality state of the wire rod surface. The continuous cooling transformation curve (CCT curve) of the steel was measured using a DIL805A thermal dilatometer and a Gleeble-3500 thermal simulation test machine. The microstructures of the non-fracture area and drawing fracture of wire rod samples were observed through a ZEISS-ULTRA scanning electron microscope. The results show that the austenite starting transformation temperature (Ac1) and the austenite finishing transformation temperature (Ac3) of ER50-6G welding wire steel are 732 °C and 865 °C, respectively. Under the actual cooling conditions of online production, the strip structure is composed of ferrite (F), pearlite (P), and a small amount of bainite (B). There is a small amount of slag and inclusion in the continuous casting billet; in addition, Al2O3 inclusions and TiC (or Ti(C,N)) inclusions can be observed in the wire rod. The scratch depth of the wire rod surface is 24∼62 μm and the width is 31∼50 μm. With the increase in drawing cumulative deformation, the Al2O3 and TiC (or Ti(C,N)) inclusions that are not easy to deform lead to drawing fracture and brittle fracture. In addition, a small amount of bainite in the wire rod microstructure causes the fracture of the wire with a fine diameter, whereas, the limited-depth scratches on the steel surface do not have an obvious effect on the drawing fracture.
The Comprehensibility and Appreciation of Non-Binary Pronouns in Newspaper Reporting. The Case of Hen and Die in Dutch
Authors: Decock Sofie , Van Hoof Sarah , soens Ellen , Verhaegen Hanne 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper examines the effect of the recently introduced Dutch non-binary 3rd person pronouns hen and die on tesssxt comprehensibility and text appreciation in the context of newspaper reporting on non-binary persons. Moreover, it presents a first measurement of Flemish people’s familiarity with and attitudes towards this pronominal reform in Dutch in its early stage. In a survey experiment we compared the use of non-binary hen and die (both combined with hen as object and hun as possessive form) with established referential strategies. We also examined the potential mediating role of perceived awkwardness of the referential strategy used and tested the moderating effect of cueing, i.e. making readers aware of the fact that the person reported on identifies as non-binary and prefers non-binary pronouns. The results show that perceived awkwardness explains the lower comprehensibility and appreciation scores of non-binary hen and that cueing improves those scores. Overall, our findings suggest that especially the non-binary pronoun die has the potential to be successfully implemented.
DCiPatho: deep cross-fusion networks for genome scale identification of pathogens
Authors: Jiang Gaofei , Zhang Jiaxuan , Zhang Yaozhong , Yang Xinrun , Li Tingting , Wang Ningqi , Chen Xingjian , Zhao Fang-Jie , Wei Zhong , Xu Yangchun , Shen Qirong , Xue Wei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Pathogen detection from biological and environmental samples is important for global disease control. Despite advances in pathogen detection using deep learning, current algorithms have limitations in processing long genomic sequences. Through the deep cross-fusion of cross, residual and deep neural networks, we developed DCiPatho for accurate pathogen detection based on the integrated frequency features of 3-to-7 k-mers. Compared with the existing state-of-the-art algorithms, DCiPatho can be used to accurately identify distinct pathogenic bacteria infecting humans, animals and plants. We evaluated DCiPatho on both learned and unlearned pathogen species using both genomics and metagenomics datasets. DCiPatho is an effective tool for the genomic-scale identification of pathogens by integrating the frequency of k-mers into deep cross-fusion networks. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/LorMeBioAI/DCiPatho.
Circulating proteins and peripheral artery disease risk: observational and Mendelian randomization analyses
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Titova Olga E , Zhang Ke , Chen Jie , Li Xue , Klarin Derek , Åkesson Agneta , Damrauer Scott M ,   VA Million Veteran Program, Larsson Susanna C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
We conducted observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to explore the associations between blood proteins and risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD).

Methods and results
The observational cohort analyses included data on 257 proteins estimated in fasting blood samples from 12 136 Swedish adults aged 55–94 years who were followed up for incident PAD via the Swedish Patient Register. Mendelian randomization analyses were undertaken using cis-genetic variants strongly associated with the proteins as instrumental variables and genetic association summary statistic data for PAD from the FinnGen study (11 924 cases and 288 638 controls) and the Million Veteran Program (31 307 cases and 211 753 controls). The observational analysis, including 86 individuals diagnosed with incident PAD during a median follow-up of 6.6-year, identified 13 proteins [trefoil factor two, matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12), growth differentiation factor 15, V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein two, N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide, renin, natriuretic peptides B, phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains one, C-C motif chemokine 15, P-selectin, urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor, angiopoietin-2, and C-type lectin domain family five member A] associated with the risk of PAD after multiple testing correction. Mendelian randomization analysis found associations of T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4, MMP-12, secretoglobin family 3A member 2, and ADM with PAD risk. The observational and MR associations for T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 and MMP-12 were in opposite directions.

Conclusion
This study identified many circulating proteins in relation to the development of incident PAD. Future studies are needed to verify our findings and assess the predictive and therapeutic values of these proteins in PAD.
A Dance of Crown and Parliament: Empire and Reform in the Age of Liverpool
Authors: McKenzie Kirsten , Ford Lisa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The apparent contradictions of British politics in the early nineteenth century have long confounded historians. Lord Liverpool’s ministry (1812–27) vehemently, and often violently, rejected constitutional change. Yet it simultaneously implemented a raft of improvements in governance. We argue here that empire is key to resolving this conundrum. Particularly from 1822, the Liverpool ministry launched a constitutional overhaul of empire through one of the most ambitious information-gathering efforts undertaken by the British imperial state: commissions of inquiry. Creatures of the royal prerogative, these investigations amassed ‘on the spot’ information to underpin genuine conservative interventions into colonial law and governance. At the same time, they curated colonial controversy in order to subvert hostile parliamentary interference at a time when Liverpool’s hold on power was particularly tenuous. Inquiry and reform were profoundly shaped by the delicate dance of Crown and parliament. By exploring three moments of controversy in New South Wales, Jamaica and the Cape Colony between 1819 and 1826, we argue that colonial royal commissions showcase the workings of Tory innovation by laying bare the mix of reformism, conservatism and pragmatism that undergirded this unstable regime.
Practice of neuromonitoring in open and endovascular thoracoabdominal aortic repair—an international expert-based modified Delphi consensus study
Authors: Schachner Thomas , Gottardi Roman , Schmidli Jürg , Wyss Thomas R , Van Den Berg Jos C , Tsilimparis Nikolaos , Bavaria Joseph , Bertoglio Luca , Martens Andreas , Czerny Martin ,   Aortic Association Study Group, Preventza Ourania , Matsuda Hitoshi , Jacobs Michael , Reutersberg Benedikt , Chiesa Roberto , Probst Chris , Piffaretti Gabriele , Di Eusanio Marco , Sorokin Vitaly , Verzini Fabio , Szeberin Zoltan , Cheng Stephen Wk , Di Marco Luca , Gosslau Yvonne , Matalanis George , Tsagakis Konstantinos , Oderich Gustavo , Jakobsen Øyvind , Oo Aung , Koshty Ahmed , Pichlmaier Maximilian , Kolowca Maciej , Heijmen Robin H , Mendes Pedro Luís , Fourneau Inge , Zimmermann Alexander , Minatoya Kenji , Haulon Stephan , Luehr Maximilian , Reeps Christian , Sioris Thanos , Nienaber Christoph , Trimarchi Santi , Elefteriades John A , Weigang Ernst , Kuratani Toru , Meisenbacher Katrin , Jassar Arminder , Grabenwoeger Martin , D’Oria Mario , Fink Martina , van Herwaarden Joost , Rosati Fabrizio , Verhoeven Eric , Szopiński Piotr , Lescan Mario , Assadian Afshin , Okita Yutaka , Park Kay-Hyun , Marrocco-Trischitta Massimiliano 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Spinal cord injury is detrimental for patients undergoing open or endovascular thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair. The aim of this survey and of the modified Delphi consensus was to gather information on current practices and standards in neuroprotection in patients undergoing open and endovascular TAAA.

METHODS
The Aortic Association conducted an international online survey on neuromonitoring in open and endovascular TAAA repair. In a first round an expert panel put together a survey on different aspects of neuromonitoring. Based on the answers from the first round of the survey, 18 Delphi consensus questions were formulated.

RESULTS
A total of 56 physicians completed the survey. Of these, 45 perform open and endovascular TAAA repair, 3 do open TAAA repair and 8 do endovascular TAAA repair. At least 1 neuromonitoring or protection modality is utilized during open TAAA surgery. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage was used in 97.9%, near infrared spectroscopy in 70.8% and motor evoked potentials or somatosensory evoked potentials in 60.4%. Three of 53 centres do not utilize any form of neuromonitoring or protection during endovascular TAAA repair: 92.5% use CSF drainage; 35.8%, cerebral or paravertebral near infrared spectroscopy; and 24.5% motor evoked potentials or somatosensory evoked potentials. The utilization of CSF drainage and neuromonitoring varies depending on the extent of the TAAA repair.

CONCLUSIONS
The results of this survey and of the Delphi consensus show that there is broad consensus on the importance of protecting the spinal cord to avoid spinal cord injury in patients undergoing open TAAA repair. Those measures are less frequently utilized in patients undergoing endovascular TAAA repair but should be considered, especially in patients who require extensive coverage of the thoracoabdominal aorta.
Early prevention of maxillary canine impaction: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Willems Guy , Butaye Charlotte , Raes Margot , Zong Chen , Begnoni Giacomo , Cadenas de Llano-Pérula Maria 
Published: June 2023

Summary

Objectives
To investigate the effect of three interceptive measures (slow maxillary expansion (SME) with removable plates (1), extraction of both upper deciduous canines (DC) (2) and no intervention (3)) on maxillary canine (MC) position in patients with early mixed dentition (EMD) and lack of upper arch space. These three groups were additionally compared to a control group (4) with adequate upper arch space.

Null hypothesis
None of the studied strategies outperforms the others regarding improvement of MC position.

Trial design
Four-arm parallel group prospective randomized controlled trial.

Participants
Patients in EMD with at least one impacted MC, non-resorbed DC, and no crossbite.

Interventions
Patients with a lack of space were randomly distributed to protocols (1), (2), and (3).

Primary objective
To assess the change in MC position after 18 months follow up.

Secondary objectives
To assess canine eruption and need for orthodontic intervention within 18–60 month follow up.

Outcome assessment
Five variables defined canine position: sector, canine-to-midline angle, canine-to-first-premolar angle, canine-cusp-to-midline distance, and canine-cusp-to-occlusal-plane distance on two panoramic radiographs at 0 (T1) and 18 months (T2). Mean differences between groups were compared with linear mixed models, corrected for age and sex.

Randomization
The patient allocation sequence was generated by an electronic randomization list.

Blinding
The operator taking the measurements was blinded to the groups.

Results
Seventy-six patients were included (142 canines, mean age 9.2 years, 60.5 per cent male, mean follow up 1.9 years), 19, 17, 14, and 26 patients in groups 1–4, respectively. In absence of dental crossbite in patients with lack of space and impacted MC, SME improved the canine sector (P = 0.040), compared to no intervention (P = 0.028). Canine-to-midline angle and canine-to-occlusal-plane distance significantly decreased in all groups at T2. Extraction improved the canine-to-first-premolar angle at T2 more than other strategies in EMD (P = 0.015–0.000).

Conclusions
Early SME improves the canine sector and reduces the need for major orthodontic intervention in the long term. Taking a first panoramic radiograph in EMD allows timely intervention in case of MC impaction.

Trial Registration Number
NCT05629312 (Clinical Trials.org). Trial status: follow up ongoing.
Three-dimensional comparison of tooth-borne and tooth-bone-borne RME appliances: a randomized controlled trial with 5-year follow-up
Authors: Bazargani Farhan , Knode Vanessa , Plaksin Alexander , Magnuson Anders , Ludwig Björn 
Published: May 2023

Summary

Objectives
To compare the long-term skeletal effects of tooth-borne (TB) and tooth-bone-borne (TBB) rapid maxillary expansion in growing children, using 3D imaging.

Materials and methods
In total, 52 consecutive patients who met the eligibility criteria were recruited and allocated to either the TB group, mean age 9.3 years (SD 1.3), or the TBB group, mean age 9.5 years (SD 1.2). Cone-beam computed tomography records and plaster models were taken before (T0), directly after (T1), 1 year after (T2), and 5 years after expansion (T3).

Randomization
Participants were randomly allocated in blocks of different sizes, using the concealed allocation principle in a 1:1 ratio. The randomization list was also stratified by sex to ensure homogeneity between groups.

Blinding
Due to clinical limitations, only the outcome assessors were blinded to the groups to which the patients were allocated.

Results
At T1, the midpalatal suture at its anterior part showed a statistically significant difference between the groups with a mean of 0.6 mm (CI 0.2–1.1) more expansion in the TBB group (P &lt; 0.01). This difference was also more evident in boys at T1 with a mean of 0.8 mm (CI 0.2–1.4) (P &lt; 0.01). These differences, however, blotted out at T2 and T3. The nasal width also showed similar differences between the groups, with a significantly larger expansion in the TBB group by a mean of 0.7 mm (CI 0.1–1.4) (P = 0.03). This group difference in favour of the TBB group was maintained at T2 (1.6 mm) and T3 (2.1 mm) (P &lt; 0.01 T2 and T3, respectively).

Conclusions
Skeletal expansion in the midpalatal suture was significantly higher in the TBB group; however, the magnitude of this expansion was around 0.6 mm more and may not be clinically significant. Skeletal expansion at the level of the nasal cavity was significantly higher in the TBB group. There were no differences between boys and girls with regard to skeletal expansion.

Trial registration
This trial was not registered on any external sites.
Ribosomal protein mutations and cell competition: autonomous and nonautonomous effects on a stress response
Authors: Kiparaki Marianthi , Baker Nicholas E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Ribosomal proteins (Rps) are essential for viability. Genetic mutations affecting Rp genes were first discovered in Drosophila, where they represent a major class of haploinsufficient mutations. One mutant copy gives rise to the dominant “Minute” phenotype, characterized by slow growth and small, thin bristles. Wild-type (WT) and Minute cells compete in mosaics, that is, Rp+/− are preferentially lost when their neighbors are of the wild-type genotype. Many features of Rp gene haploinsufficiency (i.e. Rp+/− phenotypes) are mediated by a transcriptional program. In Drosophila, reduced translation and slow growth are under the control of Xrp1, a bZip-domain transcription factor induced in Rp mutant cells that leads ultimately to the phosphorylation of eIF2α and consequently inhibition of most translation. Rp mutant phenotypes are also mediated transcriptionally in yeast and in mammals. In mammals, the Impaired Ribosome Biogenesis Checkpoint activates p53. Recent findings link Rp mutant phenotypes to other cellular stresses, including the DNA damage response and endoplasmic reticulum stress. We suggest that cell competition results from nonautonomous inputs to stress responses, bringing decisions between adaptive and apoptotic outcomes under the influence of nearby cells. In Drosophila, cell competition eliminates aneuploid cells in which loss of chromosome leads to Rp gene haploinsufficiency. The effects of Rp gene mutations on the whole organism, in Minute flies or in humans with Diamond-Blackfan Anemia, may be inevitable consequences of pathways that are useful in eliminating individual cells from mosaics. Alternatively, apparently deleterious whole organism phenotypes might be adaptive, preventing even more detrimental outcomes. In mammals, for example, p53 activation appears to suppress oncogenic effects of Rp gene haploinsufficiency.
Clinical Validation of a Capillary Blood Home-Based Self-Sampling Technique for Monitoring of Infliximab, Vedolizumab, and C-Reactive Protein Concentrations in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Otten Antonius T , van der Meulen Hedwig H , Steenhuis Maurice , Loeff Floris C , Touw Daan J , Kosterink Jos G W , Frijlink Henderik W , Rispens Theo , Dijkstra Gerard , Visschedijk Marijn C , Bourgonje Arno R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Therapeutic drug monitoring provides important guidance for treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and could help to early identify treatment failure. This study aimed to validate a finger prick–based capillary blood sampling technique to measure biological trough levels and C-reactive protein (CRP) and evaluate patient performance and -support.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, patients with IBD receiving infliximab (IFX) or vedolizumab (VEDO) therapy performed finger prick–based capillary blood sampling at home. Additionally, blood was collected through routinely performed in-hospital venepuncture prior to biological infusion. IFX, VEDO, and CRP concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The concordance between methods was statistically evaluated and a survey was conducted to assess practicality and patient support.

Results
In total, 81 patients (46 IFX, 35 VEDO) were enrolled. Mean differences between both methods were 0.42 (95% confidence interval, -1.74 to 2.58) μg/mL for IFX and 0.72 (95% confidence interval, -5.50 to 6.94) μg/mL for VEDO. Passing-Bablok regressions demonstrated no evidence for systematic or proportional biases. Venous and capillary IFX (ρ = 0.96, P &lt; .001) and VEDO (ρ = 0.97, P &lt; .001) levels strongly correlated and showed high intermethod agreement (Cohen’s kappa: IFX = 0.82; VEDO = 0.94). Similarly, venous and capillary CRP levels were strongly correlated (ρ = 0.99, P &lt; .001). Most patients (&gt;95%) were able to successfully perform the self-sampling at home without prior instructions.

Conclusions
This study clinically validated a finger prick–based capillary blood self-sampling technique allowing concomitant home monitoring of biological levels and CRP for patients with IBD, who reported substantial support, tolerability, and practicality.
Leptin Resistance Does Not Facilitate Migratory Fattening in Ruby-Throated Hummingbirds (Archilochus Colubris)
Authors: Rossi Giulia S , Welch Kenneth C 
Published: May 2023

Synopsis
In mammals, leptin is an important energy homeostasis hormone produced by adipose tissue. Circulating leptin concentrations correlate positively with fat mass and act in a negative feedback fashion to inhibit food intake and increase energy expenditure, thereby preventing fat gain. For some species, leptin resistance is advantageous during times of year where fat gain is necessary (e.g., prior to hibernation). While the function of leptin in birds remains controversial, seasonal leptin resistance may similarly benefit migratory species. Here, we used the ruby-throated hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) to test the hypothesis that leptin resistance promotes fattening prior to migration. We predicted that during the migratory fattening period, leptin levels should correlate positively with fat mass but should not inhibit food intake or increase energy expenditure, resulting in fattening. We tracked the body (fat) mass, the concentration of leptin-like protein in the urine, and the food intake of 12 captive hummingbirds from August 2021 to January 2022. In a subset of hummingbirds, we also quantified voluntary physical activity as a proxy for energy expenditure. We found remarkable age-related variation in fattening strategies, with juveniles doubling their body fat by mid-September and adults exhibiting only a 50% increase. Changes in fat mass were strongly associated with increased food intake and reduced voluntary activity. However, we found no correlation between leptin-like protein concentration and fat mass, food intake, or voluntary activity. Since increased torpor use has been shown to accelerate migratory fattening in ruby-throated hummingbirds, we also hypothesized that leptin is a mediator of torpor use. In an experimental manipulation of circulating leptin, however, we found no change in torpor use, body fat, or food intake. Overall, our findings suggest that leptin may not act as an adipostat in hummingbirds, nor does leptin resistance regulate how hummingbirds fatten prior to migration.