bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory effect of zinc oxide nanorod arrays on breast cancer cells profiled through real‐time cytokines screening by a single‐cell microfluidic platform
Authors: Li Ping , Wang Chao , Qiu Jiaoyan , Song Fangteng , Huang Yuzhen , Zhang Yunhong , Zhang Kai , Ji Hao , Sang Yuanhua , Blaker Jonny J. , Zhang Yu , Han Lin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractZinc oxide nanorods have been extensively studied for the specific killing of breast cancer (BC) cells, and their killing mechanism and anticancer effects have been initially demonstrated. However, systematic studies at the single‐cell level are still necessary to explore cellular functions in detail. In this work, a hydrothermal method was used to synthesize zinc oxide nanorod arrays (ZnO NRs). Their effect on BC cells was demonstrated at single‐cell resolution for the first time through microfluidic chips and a single‐cell analysis platform. The inhibitory effects of ZnO NRs were observed. First, ZnO NRs suppressed cell proliferation and migration abilities. Moreover, Interferon‐γ, Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α, and Granzyme B in BC cells turned out to be antitumor instead of tumorigenic under ZnO NRs stimulation. Furthermore, ZnO NRs inhibition altered cellular functions and thus weakened intercellular and intercluster correlations. More importantly, MDA‐MB‐231 cells (strongly metastatic) showed much greater resistance to ZnO NRs than MCF‐7 cells (nonmetastatic). The experiments complemented the findings at the single‐cell level and provided a more comprehensive consideration of the potential risks and applications of ZnO NRs in breast cancer therapy, which is of great importance for biomedical research on nanomaterials.
Recent Efforts in Identification of Privileged Scaffolds as Antiviral Agents
Authors: Yadav Yogesh , Singh Kavita , Sharma Sunil , Mishra Vinay Kumar , Sagar Ram 
Published: August 2023

AbstractViral infections are the most important health concern nowadays to mankind, which is unexpectedly increasing the health complications and fatality rate worldwide. The recent viral infection outbreak developed a pressing need for small molecules that can be quickly deployed for the control/treatment of re‐emerging or new emerging viral infections. Numerous viruses, including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis, influenza, SARS‐CoV‐1, SARS‐CoV‐2, and others, are still challenging due to emerging resistance to known drugs. Therefore, there is always a need to search for new antiviral small molecules that can combat viral infection with new modes of action. This review highlighted recent progress in developing new antiviral molecules based on natural product‐inspired scaffolds. Herein, the structure‐activity relationship of the FDA‐approved drugs along with the molecular docking studies of selected compounds have been discussed against several target proteins. The findings of new small molecules as neuraminidase inhibitors, other than known drug scaffolds, Anti‐HIV and SARS‐CoV are incorporated in this review paper.
Cation Adaptive Structures Based on Manganese Cyanide Prussian Blue Analogues: Application of Powder Diffraction Data to Solve Complex, Unprecedented Stoichiometries and New Structure Types
Authors: Miller Joel S. , Stephens Peter W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA Mn(II) salt and A+CN− under anaerobic conditions react to form 2‐D and 3‐D extended structured compounds of AmMnIIn(CN)m+2n stoichiometry. Here, the creation and characterization of this large family of compounds, for example AMnII3(CN)7, A2MnII3(CN)8, A2MnII5(CN)12, A3MnII5(CN)13, and A2MnII[MnII(CN)6], where A represents alkali and tetraalkylammonium cations, is reviewed. Cs2MnII[MnII(CN)6] has the typical Prussian blue face centered cubic unit cell. However, the other alkali salts are monoclinic or rhombohedral. This is in accord with smaller alkali cation radii creating void space that is minimized by increasing the van der Waals stabilization energy by reducing ∠Mn−N≡C, which, strengthens the magnetic coupling and increases the magnetic ordering temperatures. This is attributed to the non‐rigidity of the framework structure due the significant ionic character associated with the high‐spin MnII sites. For larger tetraalkylammonium cations, the high‐spin Mn sites lack sufficient electrostatic A+⋅⋅⋅NC stabilization and form unexpected 4‐ and 5‐coordinated Mn sites within a flexible, extended framework around the cation; hence, the size, shape, and charge of the cation dictate the unprecedented stoichio‐metry and unpredictable cation adaptive structures. Antiferromagnetic coupling between adjacent MnII sites leads to ferrimagnetic ordering, but in some cases antiferromagnetic coupling of ferrimagnetic layers are compensated and synthetic antiferromagnets are observed. The magnetic ordering temperatures for ferrimagnetic A2MnII[MnII(CN)6] with both octahedral high‐ and low‐spin MnII sites increase with decreasing ∠Mn−N≡C. The crystal structures for all of the extended structured materials were obtained by powder diffraction.
Are we on track for diagnosing high‐grade urothelial carcinoma with a minimum quantity of five malignant cells in lower tract specimens? Critical analysis of The Paris System Quantitation Criteria
Authors: Folarin Olawunmi S. , Siddiqui Momin T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPS) has gained universal acceptance as the standard for reporting urine cytology requiring at least 5–10 malignant cells to diagnose high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) in lower and upper urinary tract specimens, respectively. These quantitation criteria are still subject to discussion, and this study specifically aims to validate the quantitation criterion of HGUC in lower urinary tract.DesignThe authors reviewed two cohorts of lower urinary tract cases. The first cohort consisted of 100 liquid‐based ThinPrep slides with the diagnosis of HGUC having positive histology on concurrent or follow‐up biopsies within 3 months. The second cohort was 36 HGUC cases with negative histology on concurrent biopsies and within 3 months. The number of high‐grade cells (HGCs) meeting the TPS qualitative criteria were counted under the light microscope driven in a grid‐like manner.ResultsThe first 100 urine samples showed five cases (5.0%) with three HGCs, three cases (3.0%) had four HGCs, five cases (5.0%) showed five HGCs, and 25 cases (25.0%) had between 6–10 HGCs. The risk of high‐grade malignancy (ROHM) in cases with five or more HGCs was 100%, whereas those with three HGCs was 60.0%. The second cohort of HGUC was considered “positive” despite a negative histology.ConclusionThis study confirms that quantitation is an essential key to diagnose HGUC. The current TPS criterion of a minimum of five malignant cells in lower tract is robust with a ROHM of 100%. Diagnosing HGUC with less than five HGCs runs the risk of lowering the ROHM.
Improved fractional‐order hysteresis‐equivalent circuit modeling for the online adaptive high‐precision state of charge prediction of urban‐electric‐bus lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Zeng Jiawei , Wang Shunli , Cao Wen , Zhang Mengyun , Fernandez Carlos , Guerrero Josep M. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryAccurate state of charge (SOC) estimation is based on a precise battery model and is the focus of the battery management system (BMS). First, based on the second‐order RC equivalent circuit model and Grunwald–Letnikov (G‐L) definition, the high‐precision fractional‐order hysteresis‐equivalent circuit model (FH‐ECM) is established considering the open‐circuit voltage hysteresis effect. Then, the global parameters of the battery model are identified using a particle swarm algorithm optimized by the genetic algorithm (GA‐PSO). Third, a fractional‐order adaptive unscented Kalman filter (FOAUKF) algorithm is derived to estimate the SOC of lithium‐ion batteries. Finally, the feasibility of the model and algorithm is verified under complex working conditions. Under the dynamic stress test (DST) condition, the accuracy of model terminal voltage has been improved by 37.83%, and the error of SOC estimation has been reduced by 11.28%. Under Beijing bus dynamic stress test (BBDST) condition, the model terminal voltage accuracy has been improved by 51.44%, and the SOC estimation error has been reduced by 35.71%. The experimental results fully confirm the accuracy of the fractional‐order hysteresis‐equivalent circuit modeling method.
Large B‐cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement—Fine needle biopsy—Report of a case with an atypical presentation
Authors: Barroca Helena , Marques Cristina , Soares Maria José 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe describe a case of a 17‐year‐old girl with a mediastinal large B‐cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement (LBCL‐IRF4r) with an atypical clinical presentation in an unusual location, diagnosed by fine needle biopsy, flow cytometry and FISH. We review the literature and discuss the differential diagnosis, clinical presentation, cytological and immunophenotypical characteristics of this unique case that raises very interesting questions regarding this new entity.
Three shades of an unusual mediastinal tumour
Authors: Punjabi Lavisha S. , Lim Kah Ling , Chow Chun Yuen , Mantoo Sangeeta , Takano Angela 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThoracic SMARCA4‐deficient undifferentiated tumour (SMARCA4‐UT) is an unusual and aggressive tumour. While there are approximately 100 cases of this tumour reported in the literature, there are very few detailed descriptions of its cytomorphologic characteristics, and only rare cases in which primary diagnosis was made on cytologic material. Herein we present a case with a detailed description of the appearance on three specimen types: transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) cytology, transbronchial needle biopsy (TBNB) and effusion cytology. Thoracic SMARCA4‐UT is an important diagnosis to clinch in modern pathology because of its prognostic and therapeutic implications. We discuss an integrated approach to clinching the diagnosis with reference to clinical, radiographic, morphologic and immunohistochemical features. We also discuss possible differential diagnoses, and how they can be excluded. Cytologic and/or small biopsy diagnosis is valuable in these cases as these tumours are typically not amenable to surgical resection. With the correct diagnosis, the patient may instead be a candidate for immune checkpoint inhibitors or experimental therapy targeting SWI/SNF deficiency.
Imaging of bacterial infection: Harnessing positron emission tomography and Cherenkov luminescence imaging with UBI‐derived octapeptide
Authors: Mitra Jyotsna Bhatt , Mukherjee Archana , Kumar Anuj , Chandak Ashok , Rakshit Sutapa , Yadav Hansa D. , Pandey Badri Narain , Sarma Haladhar Dev 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNoninvasive imaging techniques for the early detection of infections are in high demand. In this study, we present the development of an infection imaging agent consisting of the antimicrobial peptide fragment UBI (31–38) conjugated to the chelator 1,4,7‐triazacyclononane,1‐glutaric acid‐4,7‐acetic acid (NODAGA), which allows for labeling with the positron emitter Ga‐68. The preclinical evaluation of [68Ga]Ga–NODAGA–UBI (31–38) was conducted to investigate its potential for imaging bacterial infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The octapeptide derived from ubiquicidin, UBI (31–38), was synthesized and conjugated with the chelator NODAGA. The conjugate was then radiolabeled with Ga‐68. The radiolabeling process and the stability of the radio formulation were confirmed through chromatography. The study included both in vitro evaluations using S. aureus and in vivo evaluations in an animal model of infection and inflammation. Positron emission tomography (PET) and Cherenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) were performed to visualize the targeted localization of the radio formulation at the site of infection. Ex vivo biodistribution studies were carried out to quantify the uptake of the radio formulation in different organs and tissues. Additionally, the uptake of [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F] FDG) in the animal model was also studied for comparison. The [68Ga]Ga–NODAGA–UBI (31–38) complex consistently exhibited high radiochemical purity (>90%) after formulation. The complex demonstrated stability in saline, phosphate‐buffered saline, and human serum for up to 3 h. Notably, the complex displayed significantly higher uptake in S. aureus, which was inhibited in the presence of unconjugated UBI (29–41) peptide, confirming the specificity of the formulation for bacterial membranes. Bacterial imaging capability was also observed in PET and CLI images. Biodistribution results indicated a substantial target‐to‐nontarget ratio of approximately 4 at 1 h postinjection of the radio formulation. Conversely, the uptake of [18F]FDG in the animal model did not allow for the discrimination of infected and inflamed sites. Our studies have demonstrated that [68Ga]Ga–NODAGA–UBI (31–38) holds promise as a radiotracer for imaging bacterial infections caused by S. aureus.
Mesenchymal stromal cells and their small extracellular vesicles in allergic diseases: From immunomodulation to therapy
Authors: Peng Ya‐Qi , Deng Xiao‐Hui , Xu Zhi‐Bin , Wu Zi‐Cong , Fu Qing‐Ling 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have long been considered a potential tool for treatment of allergic inflammatory diseases, owing to their immunomodulatory characteristics. In recent decades, the medical utility of MSCs has been evaluated both in vitro and in vivo, providing a foundation for therapeutic applications. However, the existing limitations of MSC therapy indicate the necessity for novel therapies. Notably, small extracellular vesicles (sEV) derived from MSCs have emerged rapidly as candidates instead of their parental cells. The acquisition of abundant and scalable MSC‐sEV is an obstacle for clinical applications. The potential application of MSC‐sEV in allergic diseases has attracted increasing attention from researchers. By carrying biological microRNAs or active proteins, MSC‐sEV can modulate the function of various innate and adaptive immune cells. In this review, we summarise the recent advances in the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in allergic diseases, the cellular sources of MSC‐sEV, and the methods for obtaining high‐quality human MSC‐sEV. In addition, we discuss the immunoregulatory capacity of MSCs and MSC‐sEV for the treatment of asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis, with a special emphasis on their immunoregulatory effects and the underlying mechanisms of immune cell modulation.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Synthesis of Phenanthridin‐6(5H)‐one and N‐Substituted Carbazole Derivatives through Intramolecular C‐H Arylation
Authors: Cuellar Micaela Ayelén , Heredia Micaela Denise , Brarda Guillermo , Barolo Silvia Maricel , Vázquez Eva Daniela Díaz , Uberman Paula Marina , Martín Sandra Elizabeth , Budén María Eugenia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA visible‐light‐driven approach towards phenanthridin‐6(5H)‐one and carbazole rings synthesis under transition‐metal‐free conditions is here reported. Phenanthridinones and carbazoles are synthesized through an intramolecular arylation of the corresponding N‐(2‐halobenzyl)‐N‐methylanilines or N‐substituted‐N‐phenyl anilines using KOtBu as base in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at room temperature (rt), employing blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) as the light source. The reaction proceeds through photo‐ and base‐promoted homolytic aromatic substitution via photoinduced electron transfer mechanism and it exhibits good tolerance to different functional groups, resulting in good to very good yields (up to 86 %).
TUNEL‐positive structures in activated microglia and SQSTM1/p62‐positive structures in activated astrocytes in the neurodegenerative brain of a CLN10 mouse model
Authors: Mitsui Shun , Yamaguchi Junji , Suzuki Chigure , Uchiyama Yasuo , Tanida Isei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNeuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis is a group of pediatric neurodegenerative diseases. One of their causative genes, CLN10/CtsD, encodes cathepsin D, a major lysosomal protease. Central nervous system (CNS)‐specific CtsD‐deficient mice exhibit a neurodegenerative disease phenotype with accumulation of ceroid lipofuscins, granular osmiophilic deposits, and SQSTM1/p62. We focused on activated astrocytes and microglia in this neurodegenerative mouse brain, since there are few studies on the relationship between these accumulators and lysosomes in these glial cells. Activated microglia and astrocytes in this mouse thalamus at p24 were increased by approximately 2.5‐ and 4.6‐fold compared with the control, while neurons were decreased by approximately half. Granular osmiophilic deposits were detected in microglial cell bodies and extended their processes in the thalamus. LAMP1‐positive lysosomes, but not SQSTM1/p62 aggregates, accumulated in microglia of this mouse thalamus, whereas both lysosomes and SQSTM1/p62 aggregates accumulated in its astrocytes. TUNEL‐positive signals were observed mainly in microglia, but few were observed in neurons and astrocytes. These signals were fragmented DNA from degenerated neurons engulfed by microglia or in the lysosomes of microglia. Abnormal autophagic vacuoles also accumulated in the lysosomes of microglia. Granular osmiophilic deposit‐like structures localized to LAMP1‐positive lysosomes in CtsD‐deficient astrocytes. SQSTM1/p62‐positive but LAMP1‐negative membranous structures also accumulated in the astrocytes and were less condensed than typical granular osmiophilic deposits. These results suggest that CtsD deficiency leads to intracellular abnormalities in activated microglia and astrocytes in addition to neuronal degeneration.
Motivated to learn? Investigating the link of achievement goals and informal workplace learning of lecturers in higher education
Authors: Decius Julian , Hein Julia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResearch on lecturers' achievement goals and their impact on professional learning in higher education is a topic that has assumed importance in recent years. However, previous studies have neglected the multidimensionality of informal workplace learning and ignored the differences between self‐based and social‐based informal learning. Based on the Achievement Goal Theory, we propose positive links between learning approach goals and self‐based informal learning, as well as positive links between normative goals and social‐based informal learning. Findings from a first cross‐sectional study with 317 lecturers from higher education institutions in Germany show associations that are largely consistent with our hypotheses. While learning approach goals are moderately related to self‐based informal learning, normative avoidance goals are slightly related to social‐based informal learning. In a second study, 185 lecturers from higher education institutions in Austria received three text‐based vignettes and answered a survey about which teaching‐related informal learning activities they would use in specific situations (i.e., before, during, and after the teaching phase). The results replicate most of the findings from the first study; however, the results are not stable when various control variables are included. Moreover, the associations between achievement goals and informal learning are largely consistent across the simulated semester, although lecturers with strong learning approach goals engage in self‐based informal learning particularly before and during the teaching phase. Our findings provide support for the notion that personal motivational characteristics, in the form of achievement goals, are associated with informal learning in the workplace. We conclude by discussing practical implications for those teaching in higher education.
Timing of antenatal corticosteroid administration in pregnancies with increased risk for premature birth: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pauluschke‐Fröhlich Jan , Graf Joachim , Abele Harald , Kagan Karl Oliver , Walter Michael H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate how often antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) were administered within the optimal time frame in women at risk of preterm birth (PTB) in relation to several diagnoses and risk factors.MethodThe study was designed as a retrospective cohort trial, in which the data of all births taking place in 2016 in the German federal state of Rhineland‐Palatinate were evaluated. Frequency analyses, subgroup analyses, and logistic regression were performed.ResultsBirth occurred within the ideal time frame (≥24 h, ≤7 days) in only 15.2% of all pregnant women who were treated with ACS because of an increased risk of PTB (N = 1544). The ideal time frame after ACS administration was reached in less than 25% of all cases in each subgroup, with little difference between the different diagnoses and risk factors for PTB (range 11.3%–22.2%). Patients with multiple pregnancy had a significantly higher chance for delivery within the ideal time frame. There was an odds ratio greater than 1 for a birth event within the ideal time frame in patients with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes, pre‐eclampsia, oligohydramnios, amniotic infection syndrome, and in patients with multiple diagnoses. In most diagnoses, the average time between ACS administration and birth was significantly shorter compared with patients without the diagnosis or risk factor.ConclusionIn women at risk of PTB, the individual risk profile should first be identified before ACS management begins. The likelihood of achieving the ideal time frame additionally depends on the diagnosis.
A mechanism for analyzing and managing undergraduates' mental health based on large‐scale behavior data: AI‐based approach
Authors: Sun Shuo , Dong Yu , Li Yicong , Liu Huanhuan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractManaging undergraduates' mental health is crucial for their well‐being and academic success. An artificial intelligence (AI)‐based approach using large‐scale undergraduates' behavior data can provide a mechanism for analyzing and managing undergraduates' mental health effectively. With the development of information communication technology in higher education, the daily behavior data of undergraduates is recorded in the college's database. Based on spending data in the canteen and time spent online on weekdays and weekends, Jenks natural breaks algorithm is first applied to classify features. Then, according to the feature classification results, the Apriori algorithm is used to analyze feature association to mine the behavioral characteristics that correlate with undergraduates' mental health. Finally, the inertia weight is improved based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Identifying, mutating, and selecting the inferior particles is added to avoid the algorithm falling into the local optimal solution. Simultaneously, a particle difference neural network model is constructed to predict undergraduates' mental health. Based on the experimental results from the undergraduates' behavior characteristics dataset, the proposed model has demonstrated superiority over traditional machine learning and deep learning models.