bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties of the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) and northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) lower jaws explain trophic plasticity
Authors: Nieto‐Miranda J. Jesús , Aguilar‐Medrano Rosalía , Hernández‐Camacho Claudia J. , Peredo Carlos Mauricio , Cruz‐Escalona Víctor Hugo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe fossil record of pinnipeds documents a suite of morphological changes that facilitate their ecological transition from a terrestrial to an aquatic lifestyle. Among these is the loss of the tribosphenic molar and the behavior typically associated with it in mammals: mastication. Instead, modern pinnipeds exhibit a broad range of feeding strategies that facilitate their distinct aquatic ecologies. Here, we examine the feeding morphology of two species of pinnipeds with disparate feeding ecologies: Zalophus californianus, a specialized raptorial biter, and Mirounga angustirostris, a suction specialist. Specifically, we test whether the morphology of the lower jaws facilitates trophic plasticity in feeding for either of these species. We used finite element analysis (FEA) to simulate the stresses during the opening and closing of the lower jaws in these species to explore the mechanical limits of their feeding ecology. Our simulations demonstrate that both jaws are highly resistant to the tensile stresses experienced during feeding. The lower jaws of Z. californianus experienced the maximum stress at the articular condyle and the base of the coronoid process. The lower jaws of M. angustirostris experienced the maximum stress at the angular process and were more evenly distributed throughout the body of the mandible. Surprisingly, the lower jaws of M. angustirostris were even more resistant to the stresses experienced during feeding than those of Z. californianus. Thus, we conclude that the superlative trophic plasticity of Z. californianus is driven by other factors unrelated to the mandible's tensile resistance to stress during feeding.
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of 4′‐phosphonomethoxy pyrimidine ribonucleosides as potential anti‐influenza agents
Authors: Hassan Abdalla E. A. , Hegazy Hend A. , Zaki Islam , Hassan Marwa H. , Ramadan Medhat , Haikal Abdelfattah Z. , Sheng Jia , Abou‐Elkhair Reham A. I. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInfluenza viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family and cause acute respiratory distress in humans. The developed drug resistance toward existing drugs and the emergence of viral mutants that can escape vaccines mandate the search for novel antiviral drugs. Herein, the synthesis of epimeric 4′‐methyl‐4′‐phosphonomethoxy [4′‐C‐Me‐4′‐C‐(O‐CH2P═O)] pyrimidine ribonucleosides, their phosphonothioate [4′‐C‐Me‐4′‐C‐(O‐CH2P═S)] derivatives, and their evaluation against an RNA viral panel are described. Selective formation of the α‐
l‐lyxo epimer, [4′‐C‐(α)‐Me‐4′‐C‐(β)‐(O‐CH2‐P(═O)(OEt)2)] over the β‐
d‐ribo epimer [4′‐C‐(β)‐Me‐4′‐C‐(α)‐(O‐CH2‐P(═O)(OEt)2)] was explained by DFT equilibrium geometry optimizations studies. Pyrimidine nucleosides having the [4′‐C‐(α)‐Me‐4′‐C‐(β)‐(O‐CH2‐P(═O)(OEt)2)] framework showed specific activity against influenza A virus. Significant anti‐influenza virus A (H1N1 California/07/2009 isolate) was observed with the 4′‐C‐(α)‐Me‐4′‐C‐(β)‐O‐CH2‐P(═O)(OEt)2‐uridine derivative 1 (EC50 = 4.56 mM, SI50 > 56), 4‐ethoxy‐2‐oxo‐1(2H)‐pyrimidin‐1‐yl derivative 3 (EC50 = 5.44 mM, SI50 > 43) and the cytidine derivative 2 (EC50 = 0.81 mM, SI50 > 13), respectively. The corresponding thiophosphonates 4′‐C‐(α)‐Me‐4′‐C‐(β)‐(O‐CH2‐P( S)(OEt)2) and thionopyrimidine nucleosides were devoid of any antiviral activity. This study shows that the 4′‐C‐(α)‐Me‐4′‐(β)‐O‐CH2‐P(═O)(OEt)2 ribonucleoside can be further optimized to provide potent antiviral agents.
Polyphosphazene Based Inorganic‐Organic Hybrid Cathode Containing Pyrene Tetraone Sides for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Sariyer Selin , Yeşilot Serkan , Kılıç Nazmiye , Ghosh Arpita , Sel Ozlem , Demir‐Cakan Rezan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAqueous rechargeable zinc‐ion batteries (ARZBs) are intriguing for electrochemical energy storage applications because of their safety and cost‐effectiveness. Regarding cathode materials, rapid development has been observed with the organic‐based cathode materials that offer much higher structural integrity upon successive (de‐)insertion of charge carries ions. Even though promising results demonstrated with organic electrodes, they still suffer from the short cycle‐life due to their discharge products solubility in electrolyte. Herein, electrochemical performance and charge storage mechanism of the synthesized polyphosphazene‐based inorganic‐organic hybrid electrode containing pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐tetraone (PTO) redox active lateral group, poly[(bis(2‐amino‐4,5,9,10‐pyrenetetraone)], abbreviated as (PPAPT), were investigated in ARZBs. The charge storage mechanism of PPAPT was examined by variousex‐situ[Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)] andin‐situ[pH change with bromocresol green indicator and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM)] characterization techniques as well as computational density functional theory (DFT) revealing that the PPAPT electrode (de‐)coordinates both zinc and proton. The electrode and its discharge product are insoluble in the electrolyte demonstrated by UV‐vis analysis and exhibited a stable cycling performance with a discharge capacity of 125.4 mAh g−1after 1000 cycles at a current density of 10 C.
Exosomes from M2c macrophages alleviate intervertebral disc degeneration by promoting synthesis of the extracellular matrix via MiR‐124/CILP/TGF‐β
Authors: Liu Yi , Xue Mintao , Han Yaguang , Li Yucai , Xiao Bing , Wang Weiheng , Yu Jiangming , Ye Xiaojian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractImmuno‐inflammation is highly associated with anabolic and catabolic dysregulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the nucleus pulposus (NP), which dramatically propels intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). With the characteristics of tissue remodeling and regeneration, M2c macrophages have attracted great attention in research on immune modulation that rebuilds degenerated tissues. Therefore, we first demonstrated the facilitating effects of M2c macrophages on ECM anabolism of the NP in vitro. We subsequently found that exosomes from M2c macrophages (M2c‐Exoss) mediated their metabolic rebalancing effects on the ECM. To determine whether M2c‐Exoss served as positive agents protecting the ECM in IVDD, we constructed an M2c‐Exos‐loaded hyaluronic acid hydrogel (M2c‐Exos@HA hydrogel) and implanted it into the degenerated caudal disc of rats. The results of MRI and histological staining indicated that the M2c‐Exos@HA hydrogel alleviated IVDD in vivo in the long term. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism, we performed 4D label‐free proteomics to screen dysregulated proteins in NPs treated with M2c‐Exoss. Cartilage intermediate layer protein (CILP) was the key protein responsible for the rebalancing effects of M2c‐Exoss on ECM metabolism in the NP. With prediction and verification using luciferase assays and rescue experiments, miR‐124‐3p was identified as the upstream regulator in M2c‐Exoss that regulated CILP and consequently enhanced the activity of the TGF‐β/smad3 pathway. In conclusion, we demonstrated ameliorating effects of M2c‐Exoss on the imbalance of ECM metabolism in IVDD via the miR‐124/CILP/TGF‐β regulatory axis, which provides a promising theoretical basis for the application of M2c macrophages and their exosomes in the treatment of IVDD.
Caudolenticular gray bridges of the brain: A magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Dang Brian , Necker Fabian N. , Dhawan Siddhant Suri , Murty Tara , Massoud Tarik F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe caudolenticular (or transcapsular) gray bridges (CLGBs) connect the caudate nucleus (CN) and putamen across the internal capsule. The CLGBs function as the main efferent terminus from premotor and supplementary motor area cortex to the basal ganglia (BG). We conjectured if inherent variations in numbers and sizes of CLGBs could contribute to abnormal cortical–subcortical connectivity in Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder featuring a hindrance of BG processing. However, there are no literature accounts of normative anatomy and morphometry of CLGBs. We therefore retrospectively analyzed axial and coronal 3T fast spoiled gradient‐echo magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of 34 healthy individuals for bilateral CLGBs symmetry, their numbers, dimensions of thickest and longest bridge, and axial surface areas of CN head and putamen. We calculated Evans' index (EI) to account for any brain atrophy. We statistically tested associations between sex or age and measured dependent variables, and linear correlations between all measured variables (significance at p < 0.05). Study subjects were F:M = 23:11 with mean age 49.9 years. All EI's were normal (<0.3). All but three CLGBs were bilaterally symmetrical with a mean 7.4 CLGBs per side. Mean CLGBs thickness and lengths were 1.0 and 4.6 mm, respectively; CN head and putamen areas were 205 and 382.0 mm2, respectively. Females had thicker CLGBs (p = 0.02) but we found no significant interactions between sex or age and measured dependent variables, and no correlations between CN head or putamen areas and CLGBs dimensions. These normative MRI dimensions of the CLGBs will help guide future studies on the possible role of CLGBs morphometry in PD predisposition.
Good outcome of tracheostomy in a COVID‐19 child with Joubert syndrome—Case report
Authors: Epure Veronica , Oprea Doru , Gheorghe Dan Cristian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPediatric tracheostomy in COVID‐19 patients is a rarity. Joubert syndrome is a rare genetic disease, involving a lack of muscle control. We report the case of a child with Joubert syndrome and a severe form of COVID‐19 infection, in whom we performed tracheostomy in order to replace prolonged intubation and mechanical ventilation; successful decannulation was performed after 12 months. Successful decannulation is still possible in a child with severe comorbidities (Joubert syndrome) even if it might take much longer than in patients without comorbidities.
Butane Hydroisomerisation Using Pt‐Promoted OSDA‐Free Zeolite Beta
Authors: Cheung Ka Yan , Schouterden Sam , Van Minnebruggen Sam , Tomkins Patrick , De Baerdemaeker Trees , Parvulescu Andrei‐Nicolae , Yokoi Toshiyuki , De Vos Dirk 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHydroisomerisation of n‐butane to isobutane is a challenging reaction, even for Pt‐loaded zeolites with strong acid sites. In comparison with 10‐membered ring (10MR) zeolites, 12‐membered ring (12MR) zeolites give consistently higher isomerisation yields. We report that besides the known catalysts with *BEA topology, also three‐dimensional frameworks with MSE and YFI topologies (with Si/Al∼10) are suitable to obtain high isobutane selectivities and yields. As an alternative to Beta zeolites obtained via templated synthesis, Beta zeolites prepared via a template‐free synthesis proved to be more active at lower temperatures and delivered higher isobutane yields in such conditions. Side reactions such as the Pt‐catalysed hydrogenolysis were successfully suppressed by decreasing the Pt content, even in hydrogen‐rich conditions. Isobutane yields up to 31 % were achieved in a single pass.
Experimental Study and Artificial Intelligence Modeling of Dye Removal in Microfluidic Systems
Authors: Hosseini Fardin , Rahimi Masoud 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA modeling approach was utilized to achieve efficient operational conditions for Alizarin removal from synthetic wastewater in a T‐type micromixer. Besides experimental work, the neuro‐fuzzy system and artificial neural network techniques were utilized for this purpose. Input parameters were the pH, the initial Alizarin concentration in the feed, the extractant volume percentage in the organic phase, and the fluid flow rate. Based on the obtained results, both models have high precision. However, the accuracy of the neural network for estimating the extraction percentage is higher compared to that of the neuro‐fuzzy model. The optimal values of the operating parameters were determined by the genetic algorithm technique and the extraction percentage value was obtained as about 99.4 %.
Morphological Evolution of Calcite Grown in Zwitterionic Hydrogels: Charge Effects Enhanced by Gel‐Incorporation
Authors: Yao Yuqing , Ye Tao , Ren Jie , Li Hanying 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe incorporation of charged biomacromolecules is widely found in biomineralization. To investigate the significance of this biological strategy for mineralization control, gelatin‐incorporated calcite crystals grown from gelatin hydrogels with different charge concentrations along the gel networks are examined. It is found that the bound charged groups on gelatin networks (amino cations, gelatin‐NH3+ and carboxylic anions, gelatin‐COO−) play crucial roles in controlling the single‐crystallinity and the crystal morphology. And the charge effects are greatly enhanced by the gel‐incorporation because the incorporated gel networks force the bound charged groups on them to attach to crystallization fronts. In contrast, ammonium ions (NH4+) and acetate ions (Ac−) dissolve in the crystallization media do not exhibit the similar charge effects because the balance of attachment/detachment make them more difficult to be incorporated. Employing the revealed charge effects, the calcite crystal composites with different morphologies can be flexibly prepared.
Method of model checking for case II interval‐censored data under the additive hazards model
Authors: Feng Yanqin , Tang Ming , Ding Jieli 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGeneral or case II interval‐censored data are commonly encountered in practice. We develop methods for model‐checking and goodness‐of‐fit testing for the additive hazards model with case II interval‐censored data. We propose test statistics based on the supremum of the stochastic processes derived from the cumulative sum of martingale‐based residuals over time and covariates. We approximate the distribution of the stochastic process via a simulation technique to conduct a class of graphical and numerical techniques for various purposes of model‐fitting evaluations. Simulation studies are conducted to assess the finite‐sample performance of the proposed method. A real dataset from an AIDS observational study is analyzed for illustration.
Roadmap for understanding mechanisms on how Epstein–Barr virus triggers multiple sclerosis and for translating these discoveries in clinical trials
Authors: Lanz Tobias V , Robinson William H , Ho Peggy P , Steinman Lawrence 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHere, we offer a roadmap for what might be studied next in understanding how EBV triggers MS. We focus on two areas: The first area concerns the molecular mechanisms underlying how clonal antibody in the CSF emanates in widespread molecular mimicry to key antigens in the nervous system including GlialCAM, a protein associated with chloride channels. A second and equally high priority in the roadmap concerns various therapeutic approaches that are related to blocking the mechanisms whereby EBV triggers MS. Therapies deserving of attention include clinical trials with antivirals and the development of ‘inverse’ vaccines based on nucleic acid technologies to control or to eradicate the consequences of EBV infection. High enthusiasm is given to continuation of ongoing clinical trials of cellular adoptive therapy to attack EBV‐infected cells. Clinical trials of vaccines to EBV are another area deserving attention. These suggested topics involving research on mechanism, and the design, implementation and performance of well‐designed trials are not intended to be an exhaustive list. We have splendid tools available to our community of medical scientists to tackle how EBV triggers MS and then to perhaps change the world with new therapies to potentially eradicate MS, as we have done with nearly complete success for poliomyelitis.
Cortisol response marks biological sensitivity to kindergartners’ social hierarchies for emerging school engagement
Authors: Armstrong‐Carter Emma , Bush Nicole R. , Boyce W. Thomas , Obradović Jelena 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis longitudinal study investigated how kindergartners’ position in the classroom social hierarchy and cortisol response relate to their change in school engagement across the first year of kindergarten (N = 332, M = 5.3 years, 51% boys, 41% White, 18% Black). We used naturalistic classroom observations of social hierarchy positions, laboratory‐based challenges to elicit salivary cortisol response, and teacher, parent, and child reports of emotional engagement with school. Robust, clustered regression models revealed that in the fall, lower cortisol response (but not social hierarchy position) was associated with greater school engagement. However, by spring, significant interactions emerged. Highly reactive, subordinate children showed increases in school engagement from fall to spring of the kindergarten year, whereas highly reactive, dominant children showed decreases in school engagement. This is some of the first evidence that higher cortisol response marks biological sensitivity to early peer‐based social contexts.
First identification of dapagliflozin in human hair: Development of a new liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method
Authors: Arbouche Nadia , Blanchot Adeline , Raul Jean‐Sébastien , Kintz Pascal 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSodium‐glucose cotransporter 1 inhibitors are a new class of drugs used for the treatment of type II diabetes. Due to their diuretic capabilities and the glycosuria they induce, these molecules cause effective weight loss that could attract the interest of a wider public than diabetics with all the health consequences knowing the adverse effects of these substances. In order to reveal a past exposure to these substances, hair analysis can be very useful especially in the medicolegal context. There are no data in the literature about gliflozin testing in hair. In this study, a method was developed for the analysis of three molecules belonging to the gliflozin family (dapagliflozin, empagliflozin and canagliflozin) using a liquid chromatography system coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. After decontamination with dichloromethane, gliflozins were extracted from hair following incubation in methanol in the presence of dapagliflozin‐d5. Validation showed acceptable linearity for all compounds between 10 and 10,000 pg/mg, with limit of detection and limit of quantification at 5 and 10 pg/mg, respectively. Repeatability and reproducibility were below 20% at three concentrations for all analytes. The method was subsequently applied to the hair of two diabetic subjects under dapagliflozin treatment. In one of the two cases, the result was negative, while in the second case, the concentration was 12 pg/mg. Due to the absence of data, it is difficult to explain the absence of dapagliflozin in the hair of the first case. Physico‐chemical characteristics of dapagliflozin could explain its bad incorporation in hair, making detection difficult even after daily treatment.
Spontaneous vocal coordination of vocalizations to water noise in rooks (Corvus frugilegus): An exploratory study
Authors: Tomasek Maëlan , Ravignani Andrea , Boucherie Palmyre H. , Van Meyel Sophie , Dufour Valérie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe ability to control one's vocal production is a major advantage in acoustic communication. Yet, not all species have the same level of control over their vocal output. Several bird species can interrupt their song upon hearing an external stimulus, but there is no evidence how flexible this behavior is. Most research on corvids focuses on their cognitive abilities, but few studies explore their vocal aptitudes. Recent research shows that crows can be experimentally trained to vocalize in response to a brief visual stimulus. Our study investigated vocal control abilities with a more ecologically embedded approach in rooks. We show that two rooks could spontaneously coordinate their vocalizations to a long‐lasting stimulus (the sound of their small bathing pool being filled with a water hose), one of them adjusting roughly (in the second range) its vocalizations as the stimuli began and stopped. This exploratory study adds to the literature showing that corvids, a group of species capable of cognitive prowess, are indeed able to display good vocal control abilities.
Design and Synthesis of Chemiluminescent Cassettes Based on Energy Transfer
Authors: Vertueux Steven , Haefele Alexandre , Solmont Kathleen , Durand Philippe , Renard Pierre‐Yves 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChemiluminescent probes are being considered as a convenient option for optical imaging. Several strategies were reported to increase the probe chemiluminescence efficiency. In this study, a series of chemiluminescent cassettes based on adamantyl stabilized 1,2‐dioxetanes (“Schaap's dioxetane”) linked to a fluorophore (BODIPY or dicyanoisophorone fluorophore) by a conjugated linker have been synthetized. Their chemiluminescent decomposition and the photoluminescence properties of their respective emissive species were investigated.
Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Seiricuprolide and Pestalotioprolide B
Authors: Sanphetchaloemchok Pitipat , Saikachain Nongluk , Khumjiang Rungtiwa , Muanprasat Chatchai , Tadpetch Kwanruthai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe first total syntheses of seiricuprolide and pestalotioprolide B, rare 14‐membered α,β‐unsaturated macrolides embedding a chiral epoxide motif, were achieved in 17 steps with 1.9 % and 1.6 % overall yields, respectively. Our synthesis featured the key Shiina macrolactonization to construct the 14‐membered macrocyclic skeleton, Wittig olefination to generate the (E)‐α,β‐unsaturated ester and selective reduction of advanced chiral propargylic alcohol intermediate to enable the exclusive formation of Z‐ or E‐olefin at C8−C9. Synthetic seiricuprolide and pestalotioprolide B were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against the HCT116 colon cancer cell line as well as their inhibitory effect on CFTR chloride channel activity in human intestinal epithelial (T84) cells. Preliminary structure–activity relationship suggested that the C5−C6 β‐epoxide moiety suppressed both biological activities.
Experimental study on fire performance of optical cables used in utility tunnel: Influence of cable spacing and heat flux
Authors: An Weiguang , Sun Xiaoxiao , Tang Yanhua , Wang Tao , Wang Zhe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOptical cable is an important part of modern telecommunications infrastructure. In this study, cone calorimeter experiments are conducted on the optical cables which are widely being applied in utility tunnels in China. The coupling effect of the spacing between optical cables (8, 10, 12, 15 mm) and the heat flux (30, 40, 50 kW/m2) on fire performance of optical cables is studied. It is highlighted that the optical cables conform to the ignition time model of the thermally thin material. The ignition time of the optical cables decreases when increasing the heat flux. When the heat flux is 30 kW/m2, the ignition time of the optical cable with different spacing varies greatly. When the heat flux is greater than 30 kW/m2, the difference in the ignition time between the optical cable samples with different spacing is small. Furthermore, the average mass loss rate of the optical cables increases when increasing either the heat flux or the spacing between optical cables. The heat release rate of the optical cables also increases when increasing either the heat flux or the spacing between optical cables. The curves of the heat release rate versus time show two peaks, the second one being significantly smaller.