bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Moral Obligation to Resist Complacency about One’s Own Oppression
Authors: ZHU YINGSHIHAN 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
While philosophers have highlighted important reasons to resist one’s own oppression, they tend to overlook the phenomenon of complacency about one’s own oppression. This article addresses this gap by arguing that some oppressed agents are obligated to resist complacency about their own oppression because failing to do so would significantly harm themselves and others. Complacent members of oppressed groups fail to resist meaningfully, are self-satisfied, and are epistemically culpable. I contend that focusing on the obligation to combat complacency is useful for at least two reasons. First, complacency about one’s own oppression is a distinctive phenomenon that warrants separate philosophical attention. Second, focusing on the obligation to resist complacency helps analyze an undertheorized group of oppressed agents by challenging the binary understanding of power prevalent in the literature on the duty to resist, thereby sharpening philosophical accounts of resistance and filling a gap in a prominent well-being-based theory of resistance.
Antibiotic use in different hospital administrative categories: an overview of 10 years of a statewide surveillance program in Brazil
Authors: Piastrelli Filipe , Assis Denise Brandão de , Madalosso Geraldine , Boszczowski Ícaro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective:
The present study aimed to describe ICU antibiotic use based on data reported from 2009 to 2018 to the Nosocomial Surveillance System (NSS) of the State Health Department in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Design:
Ecological study.

Setting:
Data obtained from hospitals located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil from 2009 to 2018.

Participants:
Intensive care units located at participant hospitals.

Methods:
Data on healthcare-associated infections, antibiotic usage, and bacterial identification were collected and reported monthly by hospitals. Antibiotic consumption was quantified as defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 patient-days. The relationship between antibiotic use and bacterial resistance, categorized by hospital type and ICU complexity, was analyzed using statistical methods to assess correlations and significance.

Results:
Our findings reveal an escalating trend in antibiotic consumption over the study period, with a notable increase from 588.16 DDD per 1000 patient-days in the initial year to 943.12 DDD/1000 patient-days in the final year (p < 0.01). Cephalosporins emerged as the most frequently utilized class, accounting for 33.9% of total antibiotic consumption. Public hospitals exhibited significantly higher antibiotic use compared to private and philanthropic institutions, with a mean of 889.11 DDD/1000 patient-days in public hospitals compared to 849.07 DDD/1000 patient-days in private hospitals and 785.12 DDD/1000 patient-days in philanthropic hospitals (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The study provides critical insights into antibiotic use and resistance in different hospital settings, emphasizing the importance of tailored antimicrobial stewardship strategies.
Applying the Regulatory Report Card to Tax Regulations
Authors: Dooling Bridget C.E. , Hickman Kristin E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
An invited contribution to an issue of the Journal of Benefit–Cost Analysis honoring the work of the late Dr. Jerry Ellig, this essay recognizes and draws upon the Regulatory Report Card methodology developed by Ellig and Dr. Patrick McLaughlin to evaluate the quality of regulatory impact analysis published by federal government agencies in conjunction with notice-and-comment rulemaking. The essay anticipates a forthcoming study of changes to tax regulatory practices as a result of a 2018 Memorandum of Agreement between the Treasury Department and the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs – a study the authors discussed and hoped to conduct with Ellig before he passed away. The essay summarizes the Regulatory Report Card methodology, offers a brief typology of tax regulations, addresses why regulatory impact analysis and the Regulatory Report Card methodology are appropriate for the tax context, but also documents a few tax-specific adjustments to the Regulatory Report Card methodology.
Citizen Preferences and BCA: A Model of Willingness-to-Pay behind a Veil of Ignorance
Authors: Beeson Morgan , Chilton Susan , Metcalf Hugh , Nielsen Jytte Seested 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Public sector allocative decisions should reflect, as far as possible, the preferences of those affected by the decisions. Conventional benefit–cost analysis (BCA) will simply aggregate individuals’ private willingness-to-pay (WTP) over all affected individuals to estimate the total benefits of a policy that delivers a public good. Given the nature of a public good, it is not unreasonable to consider that an individual may have altruistic preferences over the consumption of the public good by others. In this paper, we set out the theoretical underpinnings for a new citizen-based WTP, informed by political philosophy. Our model extends the standard social utility model (Bergstrom, 2006) of WTP for a public good when individuals are altruists by incorporating a Veil of Ignorance (VoI; Harsanyi, 1955). Our findings show that our WTP (Citizen) correctly includes altruistic as well as distributional preferences of individuals in society into WTP for use in a BCA. When WTP (Citizen) are aggregated for use in a BCA, equal weight is given to each individual’s preference and the BCA will correctly identify potentially Pareto-improving projects in a consistent manner.
A response to criticism of the global mental health movement. How polarization can be overcome in theory and in west African social psychiatric practice
Authors: Huppertz Michael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Since the turn of the 21st century, we have seen the development of an international movement that works in various ways to ensure that everyone in the world has access to adequate mental health care. There is indeed a great need for action, especially in countries with weak and underfunded health systems. The Movement for Global Mental Health (MGMH) is supported by strong organizations such as the WHO, academic institutions and NGOs. As this movement has gained momentum, however, it has been accompanied by fierce criticism, in particular from scholars of the humanities and social science, who see the global expansion of psychiatry as a medical discipline as a form of power-grabbing, neocolonialism and capitalist expansion. They also consider psychiatry to be a biologistic discipline, the justification of which they question, in continuation of a long anti-psychiatric tradition. This criticism prompted several adaptations of the MGMH and various efforts towards integration, but these have not been widely accepted by the critics. The following text primarily summarizes, classifies and critically engages with the basic arguments of the aforementioned critique. Theoretical misconceptions regarding the practice of psychiatry are clarified. Subsequently a specific project in Côte d’Ivoire is presented that demonstrates how contextual psychiatry can proceed and how unnecessary dichotomies and polarizations can be overcome in the interests of the persons concerned.
Exploring the delivery of empathic care in task-shared settings: A psychometric study in rural Pakistan
Authors: Liaquat Rakhshanda , Waqas Ahmed , Qadeer Tayyaba , Malik Abid , Atif Najia , Sikander Siham , Wang Duolao , Rahman Atif 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Empathy plays a crucial role in psychosocial and psychological interventions, greatly impacting rapport building, patient adherence, and satisfaction with treatment. Empathetic interactions enhance patient’s self-reflection and the delivery of more personalized therapeutic interventions tailored to the unique needs of each patient, thereby improving the overall quality of care. Despite empathy being central to psychosocial interventions, there are currently no valid and reliable patient-centered tools that assess the lay-therapist empathy that they show and/or exhibit toward their patients.
In this study, the patient-rated Empathy Scale for Lay Therapists was developed to assess empathy in community health workers delivering psychosocial interventions. Psychometric validation was based on a cross-sectional study embedded in a non-inferiority cluster randomized trial of the Thinking Healthy Programme for perinatal depression in Pakistan.
Community testing with perinatal women confirmed the scale’s understandability and logical structure, highlighting its face validity. Among the 980 trial participants, a high level of agreement with the Empathy Scale for Lay Therapists (mean score 2.616) was observed, indicating effective communication and empathy from health workers. The scale demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.96). Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed a unidimensional structure, capturing 87.81% of the total variance, with strong factor loadings.
When and why does observability increase honesty? The role of gossip and reputational concern
Authors: Nieper Annika S. , Beersma Bianca , Dijkstra Maria T. M. , Van Kleef Gerben A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
People frequently engage in dishonest behavior, which entails costs to society. A common advice to increase honesty is to enhance observability. However, previous research produced conflicting findings, making it unclear when and why observability increases honesty. Here we show that observability enhances honesty when observers can gossip to relevant others (i.e., to future interaction partners who can influence the gossip target’s outcome), because it increases reputational concern. In 2 incentivized and pre-registered studies, participants privately rolled a die 30 times and were informed that reporting higher numbers would lead to higher outcomes (total N = 1608; 28650 observations). We manipulated observability and gossip. Both studies revealed that gossip to relevant others decreased dishonest reporting, whereas mere observation did not. Importantly, reputational concern partly mediated the impact of gossip on dishonesty. Moreover, gossip influenced recipients’ trust in gossip targets, with messages denoting dishonesty swaying trust more than messages denoting honesty. Our findings demonstrate when and why observability promotes honesty.
La construcción del capitalismo académico: Negociando la reforma universitaria en Perú (2014–2023)
Authors: Manky Omar , López Nattaly 
Published: January 2025

Resumen
¿Cómo se transforman las universidades latinoamericanas en el contexto del capitalismo académico? Exploramos esta pregunta desde una perspectiva sociológica, que enfatiza el papel de actores locales en la configuración de procesos de cambio social. A partir de una revisión sistemática de artículos periodísticos y de sesenta y seis entrevistas a expertos, docentes y autoridades universitarias, analizamos las dinámicas del sistema universitario peruano desde los orígenes de la reforma de 2014 hasta su crisis en 2023. Basándonos en el trabajo de Pierre Bourdieu, sostenemos que el capitalismo académico no es un fenómeno homogéneo ni inevitable, sino que sus lógicas dependen de negociaciones entre actores involucrados en el campo de la educación superior. En el contexto peruano, se observa un modelo rentista, que privilegia el lucro en el corto plazo, basado en cómo propietarios de universidades, rectores y académicos negocian y adaptan las exigencias de la reforma.
‘Suffering for the Sins of Others’: Lucius D. Bulkley, Syphilis Insontium, and Disease Destigmatisation in the Progressive Era United States
Authors: Bowen Elliott 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Historical research on efforts to reduce the stigma associated with venereal disease (VD) generally dates these campaigns back to the 1930s. Within the United States, one of the earliest attempts to detach VD from its traditional association with sexual immorality occurred during the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century, when the New York City dermatologist Lucius Bulkley coined the term syphilis insontium (‘syphilis of the innocent’) in the hopes of demonstrating that many of those who contracted this disease did so through non-sexual contact. Gaining widespread acceptance within the medical community, Bulkley’s ideas served as the intellectual foundation for a discursive assault on the prevailing belief that syphilis constituted the ‘wages of sin’—one designed to destigmatise the disease and to promote more scientific responses to it. However, the effects of this anti-stigma rhetoric were often counterproductive. Encouraging doctors to discern ‘innocence’ or ‘guilt’ through assessments of a patient’s character, syphilis insontium often amplified the disease’s association with immorality. With the passage of time, physicians became increasingly aware of these problems, and in the 1910s, a backlash against Bulkley’s ideas emerged within the American medical community. Yet even with the resultant demise of his destigmatisation campaign, discourses of ‘innocent syphilis’ continued to circulate, casting a long shadow over subsequent stigma reduction efforts.
Serendipitous detection of an intense X-ray flare in the weak-line T Tauri star KM Ori with SRG/eROSITA
Authors: Ezhikode Savithri H. , Anilkumar Hema , Arun R. , Mathew Blesson , Jithesh V. , Bhattacharyya Suman , Nedhath Sneha , Cysil T. B. , Muneer S. , Kartha Sreeja S. , Kumar S. Pramod 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Weak-line T Tauri stars (WTTS) exhibit X-ray flares, likely resulting from magnetic reconnection that heats the stellar plasma to very high temperatures. These flares are difficult to identify through targeted observations. Here, we report the serendipitous detection of the brightest X-ray flaring state of the WTTS KM Ori in the eROSITA DR1 survey. Observations from SRG/eROSITA, Chandra X-ray Observatory, and XMM-Newton are analysed to assess the X-ray properties of KM Ori, thereby establishing its flaring state at the eROSITA epoch. The long-term (1999–2020) X-ray light curve generated for the Chandra observations confirmed that eROSITA captured the source at its highest X-ray flaring state recorded to date. Multi-instrument observations support the X-ray flaring state of the source, with time-averaged X-ray luminosity (

$L_\mathrm{0.2-5\ keV}$

) reaching

$\sim 1.9\times10^{32}\mathrm{{erg\ s^{-1}}}$

at the eROSITA epoch, marking it the brightest and possibly the longest flare observed so far. Such intense X-ray flares have been detected only in a few WTTS. The X-ray spectral analysis unveils the presence of multiple thermal plasma components at all epochs. The notably high luminosity (

$L_\mathrm{0.5-8\ keV}\sim10^{32}\ \mathrm{erg\ s}^{-1}$

), energy (

$E_\mathrm{ 0.5-8\ keV}\sim10^{37}$

erg), and the elevated emission measures of the thermal components in the eROSITA epoch indicate a superflare/megaflare state of KM Ori. Additionally, the H

$\alpha$

line equivalent width of

$\sim$

$-5$

Å from our optical spectral analysis, combined with the lack of infrared excess in the spectral energy distribution, were used to re-confirm the WTTS (thin disc/disc-less) classification of the source. The long-duration flare of KM Ori observed by eROSITA indicates the possibility of a slow-rise top-flat flare. The detection demonstrates the potential of eROSITA to uncover such rare, transient events, thereby providing new insights into the X-ray activity of WTTS.
Robust and Efficient Mediation Analysis via Huber Loss
Authors: Wang WenWu , Peng Xiujin , Tong Tiejun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mediation analysis is one of the most popularly used methods in social sciences and related areas. To estimate the indirect effect, the least-squares regression is routinely applied, which is also the most efficient when the errors are normally distributed. In practice, however, real data sets are often non-normally distributed, either heavy-tailed or skewed, so that the least-squares estimators may behave very badly. To overcome this problem, we propose a robust M-estimation for the indirect effect via a general loss function, with a main focus on the Huber loss which is more slowly varying at large values than the squared loss. We further propose a data-driven procedure to select the optimal tuning constant by minimizing the asymptotic variance of the Huber estimator, which is more robust than the least-squares estimator facing outliers and non-normal data, and more efficient than the least-absolute-deviation estimator. Simulation studies compare the finite sample performance of the Huber loss with the existing competitors in terms of the mean square error, the type I error rate, and the statistical power. Finally, the usefulness of the proposed method is also illustrated using two real data examples.
I Wish I Knew How it Would Feel to Drive the New Ford Fusion Hybrid: Making Sense of Music in Car Commercials
Authors: BROOKS MARC 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs practised by Nicholas Cook, Philip Tagg, and Nicolai Graakjær, the analysis of advertising music has largely concentrated on how advertising works to communicate meaning. Within media and communications studies, such a focus is seen as a distraction — albeit a fascinating one. For Sut Jhally, for example, advertising has pernicious social and ecological effects and advertising scholars’ goal should be to understand ‘what work advertising does’ in order to mitigate them. This examination of a Ford automobile advert featuring Nina Simone’s ‘I Wish I Knew …’ (1967) shows how music analysis might contribute to this pressing project.
Popular Theopolitics and the Last Russian Tsar’s Intangible Remains
Authors: Kormina Jeanne 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The article tells the story of the remains of the last Russian Tsar Nicholas II and his family, who were killed in Ekaterinburg in 1918, discovered in 1979, found again in 1991, solemnly buried in 1998, and canonized as saints by the Russian Orthodox Church in 2000. Thoroughly researched in the cause of official criminal investigation and identified with genetic tests in several labs in Russia and abroad, the royal remains have not been recognized by the Church. The failure to reach a consensus on the veracity of the remains of the Romanovs occurred in parallel with the inability to decide what to do with the mummified body of Soviet founder Vladimir Lenin, a contemporary of Nicholas II who has been kept in a mausoleum in the Red Square since the 1920s. Though, after 1991, voices have been raised for removing his body from this symbolic center of the country, no consensus has been reached so far as to where to move it and why. Revisiting Verdery’s famous work, the present article argues that such a movement necessitates a political commitment to voicing new notions of belonging and citizenship. The liminal status of these two bodies proves that the contemporary state in Russia is a continuation of both the Soviet and imperial state programs, not a new political structure like other post-socialist countries. Based on the works by Kantorowicz and Cherniavsky, this research develops the concept of popular theopolitics and aims to examine how people’s political and religious ontologies make use of the Tsar’s image.
Evaluating diagnostic performance: A comparative analysis of cell-free DNA and serological test in hepatic cystic Echinococcosis
Authors: Örsten S. , Baysal İ. , Sarıkaya M. , Yağmur E. , Bozkurt O. , Karahan S. , Ünal E. , Çiftçi S.Y. , Doğrul A.B. , Akıncı D. , Çiftçi T. , Ergin A. , Akhan O. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Diagnosing CE primarily relies on imaging techniques, and there is a crucial need for an objective laboratory test to enhance the diagnostic process. Today, cell-free DNAs (cfDNAs) have gained importance regarding their biomarker potential. This study aims to investigate the diagnostic capabilities of different cfDNA targets (Echinococcus-specific repeat sequences (mgs-4 and mgs-12) and partial fragment of repetitive sequence (EG1 Hae III)) and evaluate their diagnostic effectiveness when compared to a frequently used commercial E.granulosus-specific IgG ELISA. Seventy-six confirmed hepatic CE patients and healthy controls were included in the study. The EG1 Hae III region was assessed using nested PCR, whereas real-time PCR was employed to investigate other cfDNA targets. Analysis of the cfDNA-targeted tests indicated that mgs-4 demonstrated the highest diagnostic efficacy in distinguishing CE patients from healthy controls, achieving a sensitivity of 60.5% (p = 0.002). Combining ELISA with the mgs-4 target led to an increased sensitivity of 72.4% for distinguishing between CE patients and the control group. The sensitivity rates for ELISA and the three cfDNA targets varied among the groups. Active CE patients showed sensitivity rates of 52.9%, 52.9%, 23.5%, and 52.9% for ELISA, mgs-4, mgs-12, and EG1 Hae III assays, respectively. In contrast, inactive cyst patients displayed sensitivity rates of 21.4%, 66.7%, 19%, and 42.9% for the corresponding assays. The mgs-4, either alone or in combination with ELISA, demonstrated notably higher sensitivity values for CE diagnosis in all group comparisons compared to serology.
Structural biology inside multicellular specimens using electron cryotomography
Authors: Caspy Ido , Wang Zhexin , Bharat Tanmay A.M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) resolution revolution has shifted structural biology into a new era, enabling the routine structure determination of macromolecular complexes at an unprecedented rate. Building on this, electron cryotomography (cryo-ET) offers the potential to visualise the native three-dimensional organisation of biological specimens, from cells to tissues and even entire organisms. Despite this huge potential, the study of tissue-like multicellular specimens via cryo-ET still presents numerous challenges, wherein many steps in the workflow are being developed or in urgent need of improvement. In this review, we outline the latest techniques currently utilised for in situ imaging of multicellular specimens, while clearly enumerating their associated limitations. We consider every step in typical workflows employed by various laboratories, including sample preparation, data collection and image analysis, to highlight recent progress and showcase prominent success stories. By considering the entire structural biology workflow for multicellular specimens, we identify which future exciting developments in hardware and software could enable comprehensive in situ structural biology investigations, bringing forth a new age of discovery in molecular structural and cell biology.
Ideological Self-Consciousness: Judith Shklar on Legalism, Liberalism, and the Purposes of Political Theory
Authors: Hall Edward 
Published: January 2025

AbstractJudith Shklar once remarked that the mere presence of ideology is not objectionable but that pretended immunity to ideology is. I scrutinize this suggestion and Shklar’s subsequent view that social theorists should acknowledge that their ideological impulses influence both their methods of study and the questions they pursue. I begin by focusing on the different ways that Shklar characterizes ideology before turning to her critique of legalism. I then chart various ways that Shklar’s call for ideologically self-aware political theorizing feeds into her later work. I conclude by examining what ideological self-consciousness implies for our understanding of the purpose and limits of political theory.