bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between raised blood pressure and elevated serum liver enzymes among active-duty Royal Thai Army personnel in Thailand
Authors: Sakboonyarat Boonsub , Poovieng Jaturon , Lertsakulbunlue Sethapong , Jongcherdchootrakul Kanlaya , Srisawat Phutsapong , Mungthin Mathirut , Rangsin Ram 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The relationship between hypertension (HT) and serum liver enzymes was reported in a few studies, but the findings were inconsistent. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the association between elevated serum liver enzymes and raised BP through the use of a large sample of Royal Thai Army (RTA) personnel.

Methods
The dataset obtained from the annual health examination database of RTA personnel in Thailand was utilized. A total of 244,281 RTA personnel aged 35–60 were included in the current study. Elevated serum liver enzymes were defined as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≥ 40 U/L in males and ≥ 35 U/L in females. HT was defined as systolic BP ≥ 140 or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg. A multivariable linear regression model was used to estimate the coefficient and 95% confidence intervals (CI), whereas a multivariable logistic regression model was applied to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% CI for the association between raised BP and serum liver enzymes.

Results
Compared to individuals with SBP < 120 and DBP < 80 mmHg, the β coefficients of log-transformed AST and ALT were 0.13 (95% CI: 0.12–0.13) and 0.11 (95% CI: 0.11–0.12) in males with HT. Meanwhile, the β coefficients of log-transformed AST and ALT were 0.03 (95% CI: 0.02–0.04) and 0.07 (95% CI: 0.05–0.08) in females with HT. In males, HT was associated with elevated AST (AOR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.85–2.01) and elevated ALT (AOR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.38–1.48). On the other hand, in females, HT was associated with elevated AST (AOR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.21–1.66) and elevated ALT (AOR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.21–1.57).

Conclusion
Raised BP was positively correlated with elevated AST and ALT in active-duty RTA personnel. Moreover, HT was independently attributed to higher odds of elevated AST and ALT in comparison to optimal BP in both males and females. Furthermore, the relationship between serum liver enzymes and BP was modified by sex.
Pulmonary fibrosis model of mice induced by different administration methods of bleomycin
Authors: Gul Aman , Yang Fangyong , Xie Cong , Du Wenjing , Mohammadtursun Nabijan , Wang Bin , Le Jingjing , Dong Jingcheng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive disease of the lung. How to build a typical human mimicking animal model has been a challenge. Thus, to reveal the mechanism and to make it useful for IPF clinical treatment, a different type of mice model and inspection methods are used to evaluate which one is applicable for the study of IPF.

Method
69 Twelve-weeks-old C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 type groups (n = 7 for each control group, n = 8 for each BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis groups), as intraperitoneal injection, intratracheal administration, and intravenous administration of bleomycin (BLM) to initiate lung fibrosis. Changes of the lung function measured through mice Pulmonary function test (PFT). Morphological changes in mice were observed by PET/CT, Masson and Picro-Sirius staining, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Biochemical changes were tested by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa).

Results
PET/CT of BLM-receiving mice showed an increase in fibrotic consolidations and an increase in non-aerated lung area in BLM-treated mice compared with that in controls. TGF-b1, TNF-a, IL-6, GM-CSF in BALF and serum. PAI-1, HYP in the lung tissue of mice were significantly different in each BLM groups than those in the controls. The results of Masson staining in mice indicate that the lung tissues of all BLM received groups, the intratracheal groups, the intravenous groups, and the intraperitoneal groups have a higher degree of pulmonary septal thickening and collagen fiber consolidation compare to saline control. Picro-Sirius staining results are consistent with the results of Masson staining. Compared with the saline control group, the ratio of Col 1/Col 3 was significantly increased in each BLM group. TEM results found that in BLM group, type I alveolar epithelial cells were degenerated. Exfoliated endothelial cells were swelling, and type II alveolar epithelial cells were proliferated, the shape of the nucleus was irregular, and some tooth-like protrusions were seen.

Conclusions
With three different methods of animal model construction, high dose of each show more compliable, and BLM can successfully induce animal models of pulmonary fibrosis, however, certain differences in the fibrosis formation sites of them three, and tail vein injection of BLM induced PF model is closer to the idiopathic pulmonary interstitial fibrosis.
Analyses of human papillomavirus, Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and co-infections in a gynecology outpatient clinic in Haikou area, China
Authors: Lu Zhe , Zhao Peizhen , Lu Huijun , Xiao Meifang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to study the infection rates of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and co-infections with human papillomavirus (HPV) in a hospital gynecology outpatient clinic in the Haikou region in 2021.

Methods
From January to December 2021, the Women and Children Medical Center of Hainan Province collected 2389 samples of cervical exfoliated cells and vaginal swab specimens from gynecologic outpatients. The samples were then analyzed descriptively for data, and the detection rate of each pathogen was tallied. All vaginal swabs were obtained for CT, UU, and NG DNA testing, and cervical exfoliated cells for HPV genotyping. Analyses were performed on the detection rate of each group.

Results
In 2389 samples, the frequencies of pathogen identification among the 2389 samples were as follows: UU (58.43%); HPV (17.29%); CT (7.99%); and NG (0.38%). HPV, CT, UU, and NG were detected in 33.33%, 22.55%, 77.45%, and 2.94% of individuals between 15 and 20 years of age, respectively. The detection rates of CT, UU, and NG were substantially greater in the HPV-positive group than the the HPV-negative group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Among gynecologic outpatients at a hospital in the Haikou area, the probability of mixed infections with genital tract pathogens in HPV-positive patients was higher compared to HPV-negative patients. Reproductive tract infections are becoming more prevalent in younger people, hence adolescent sexual health education needs improvement.
Impact of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines on lung injury in B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant-infected patients
Authors: Lai Miao , Wang Kai , Ding Chengyuan , Yin Yi , lin Xiaoling , Xu Chuanjun , Hu Zhiliang , Peng Zhihang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Chest computerized tomography (CT) scan is an important strategy that quantifies the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. To what extent inactivated COVID-19 vaccines could impact the COVID-19 pneumonia on chest CT is not clear.

Methods
This study recruited 357 SARS-COV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant-infected patients admitted to the Second Hospital of Nanjing from July to August 2021. An artificial intelligence-assisted CT imaging system was used to quantify the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. We compared the volume of infection (VOI), percentage of infection (POI) and chest CT scores among patients with different vaccination statuses.

Results
Of the 357 Delta variant-infected patients included for analysis, 105 were unvaccinated, 72 were partially vaccinated and 180 were fully vaccinated. Fully vaccination had the least lung injuries when quantified by VOI (median VOI of 222.4 cm3, 126.6 cm3 and 39.9 cm3 in unvaccinated, partially vaccinated and fully vaccinated, respectively; p < 0.001), POI (median POI of 7.60%, 3.55% and 1.20% in unvaccinated, partially vaccinated and fully vaccinated, respectively; p < 0.001) and chest CT scores (median CT score of 8.00, 6.00 and 4.00 in unvaccinated, partially vaccinated and fully vaccinated, respectively; p < 0.001). After adjustment for age, sex, comorbidity, time from illness onset to hospitalization and viral load, fully vaccination but not partial vaccination was significantly associated with less lung injuries quantified by VOI {adjust coefficient[95%CI] for “full vaccination”: − 106.10(− 167.30,44.89); p < 0.001}, POI {adjust coefficient[95%CI] for “full vaccination”: − 3.88(− 5.96, − 1.79); p = 0.001} and chest CT scores {adjust coefficient[95%CI] for “full vaccination”: − 1.81(− 2.72, − 0.91); p < 0.001}. The extent of reduction of pulmonary injuries was more profound in fully vaccinated patients with older age, having underlying diseases, and being female sex, as demonstrated by relatively larger absolute values of adjusted coefficients. Finally, even within the non-severe COVID-19 population, fully vaccinated patients were found to have less lung injuries.

Conclusion
Fully vaccination but not partially vaccination could significantly protect lung injury manifested on chest CT. Our study provides additional evidence to encourage a full course of vaccination.
Management of nipple adenomas during pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Combi Francesca , Palma Enza , Montorsi Giulia , Gambini Anna , Segattini Silvia , Papi Simona , Andreotti Alessia , Tazzioli Giovanni 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Nipple adenoma is a very uncommon, benign neoplasm that involves the nipple. A palpable mass of the nipple associated with nipple discharge and erosion or ulceration is the common clinical presentation. Generally, complete surgical excision of the nipple is the main treatment, alternative therapeutic methods such as Mohs micrographic surgery, nipple splitting enucleation, and cryotherapy can be considered. Disorders of the breast in young women are generally benign. Even if the management during pregnancy is usually conservative and surgical excision is reserved for very strong malignancy suspicion, benign lesions can cause the impossibility to breastfeed after giving birth when involving the nipple.

Case presentation
We present the case of a 28-year-old female, who was referred to the Breast Unit of the University Hospital of Modena (Italy) in May 2020 with a 12-months history of enlargement of the left nipple with associated erythema, serohemorrhagic discharge, and pain in the left nipple region. The diagnostic assessment came out in favor of a nipple adenoma. After surgical treatment was recommended, the patient got pregnant. Taking into account the major risks of surgery during pregnancy, a multidisciplinary discussion was conducted, to consider whether to proceed with surgery or postpone it after pregnancy. Because of the volume and the position of the adenoma, the indication for surgical excision was confirmed, to allow regular lactation and breastfeeding immediately after giving birth and to avoid potential obstructive complications. Surgical excision of nipple adenoma without complete resection of the nipple was performed after her first trimester of pregnancy under local anesthesia. A histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. No recurrence occurred after 12 months. The patient gave birth, had no deficit in lactation, and successfully breastfed.

Conclusions
Therefore, we consider that nipple adenoma enucleation might be a safe treatment even during pregnancy. Moreover, conservative local treatment of nipple adenomas can preserve the nipple aesthetically and functionally, thus allowing regular lactation and breastfeeding in young women.
How to make a more optimal surgical plan for Lenke 5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients: a comparative study based on the changes of the sagittal alignment and selection of the lowest instrumented vertebra
Authors: Li Junyu , Lin Zhengting , Ma Yinghong , Li Weishi , Yu Miao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The treatment of patients with Lenke 5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is closely related to the pelvic because the spine–pelvis is an interacting whole. Besides, the choice of fusion segment is a significant issue; with the optimal choice, there will be fewer complications and restoring the pelvic morphology to some extent. This study aims to analyze the impact of changes in sagittal parameters and selection of the lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) on spine and pelvic morphology for better surgical strategy.

Method
Ninety-four patients with Lenke 5 AIS who underwent selective posterior thoracolumbar/lumbar (TL/L) curve fusion were included in the study and grouped according to pelvic morphology and position of LIV. Spinopelvic parameters were measured preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the latest follow-up. The patient’s preoperative and last follow-up quality of life was assessed with the MOS item short-form health survey (SF-36) and scoliosis research society 22-item (SRS-22).

Result
Patients being posterior pelvic tilt had the oldest mean age (P = 0.010), the smallest lumbar lordosis (LL) (P = 0.036), the smallest thoracic kyphosis (TK) (P = 0.399) as well as the smallest proximal junctional angle (PJA) while those being anterior pelvic tilt had the largest PJA. The follow-up TK significantly increased in both groups of anterior and normal pelvic tilt (P < 0.039, P < 0.006) while no significant changes were observed in the posterior pelvic tilt group. When LIV is above L4, the follow-up PJA was larger than other groups (P = 0.049, P = 0.006). When LIV is below L4, the follow-up TK and PT were larger and LL was smaller than other groups(P < 0.05). The SF-36 and SRS-22 scores were better in the LIV = L4 group than in other groups at the last follow-up (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
The correction of TK and LL after surgery can improve pelvic morphology. Besides, LIV is best set at L4, which will facilitate the recovery of TK, the improvement of symptoms, and the prevention of complications and pelvic deformities.
Level of evidence Level III.
Maternal weight, gut microbiota, and the association with early childhood behavior: the PREOBE follow-up study
Authors: Nieto-Ruiz Ana , Cerdó Tomás , Jordano Belén , Torres-Espínola Francisco J. , Escudero-Marín Mireia , García-Ricobaraza María , Bermúdez Mercedes G. , García-Santos José A. , Suárez Antonio , Campoy Cristina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and aimMaternal overweight and breastfeeding seem to have a significant impact on the gut microbiota colonization process, which co-occurs simultaneously with brain development and the establishment of the “microbiota-gut-brain axis”, which potentially may affect behavior later in life. This study aimed to examine the influence of maternal overweight, obesity and/or gestational diabetes on the offspring behavior at 3.5 years of age and its association with the gut microbiota already established at 18 months of life.Methods156 children born to overweight (OV, n = 45), obese (OB, n = 40) and normoweight (NW, n = 71) pregnant women participating in the PREOBE study were included in the current analysis. Stool samples were collected at 18 months of life and gut microbiome was obtained by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Behavioral problems were evaluated at 3.5 years by using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). ANOVA, Chi-Square Test, ANCOVA, Spearman’s correlation, logistic regression model and generalized linear model (GLM) were performed.ResultsAt 3.5 years of age, Children born to OV/OB mothers showed higher scores in behavioral problems than those born to NW mothers. Additionally, offspring born to OB mothers who developed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) presented higher scores inattention/deficit hyperactivityandexternalizing problemsthan those born to GDM OV/NW mothers.Fusicatenibacterabundance found at 18 months of age was associated to lower scores intotal, internalizing and pervasive developmental problems, while an unidentified genus withinClostridialesandFlavonifractorfamilies abundance showed a positive correlation withanxiety/depressionandsomatic complaints, respectively. On the other hand, children born to mothers with higher BMI who were breastfed presented elevatedanxiety,internalizing problems,externalizing problemsandtotal problemsscores; likewise, their gut microbiota composition at 18 months of age showed positive correlation with behavioral problems at 3.5 years:Actinobacteriaabundance andsomatic complaintsand betweenFusobacteriaabundance andwithdrawn behaviorandpervasive developmental problems.ConclusionsOur findings suggests that OV/OB and/or GDM during pregnancy is associated with higher behavioral problems scores in children at 3.5 years old. Additionally, associations between early life gut microbiota composition and later mental health in children was also found.
Placental mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate NLRP3 inflammasome-induced ovarian insufficiency by modulating macrophage M2 polarization
Authors: Chen Dongmei , Hu Na , Xing Shasha , Yang Li , Zhang Feiyan , Guo Songlin , Liu Shudan , Ma Xiaona , Liang Xueyun , Ma Huiming 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a common clinical problem, however, there are currently no effective therapies. Pyroptosis induced by the NLRP3 inflammasome is considered a possible mechanism of POI. Placental mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) have excellent immunomodulatory potential and offer a promising method for treating POI.

Methods
Female Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four treatment groups: control (no POI), POI with no PMSCs, POI with PMSCs transplant, and POI with hormones (estrogen + progesterone) as positive control. POI was induced by exposure to 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) for 15 days. After four weeks, all animals were euthanized and examined for pathology. Hormone levels were measured and ovarian function was evaluated in relation to the estrous cycle. Levels of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway proteins were determined by immunohistochemistry and western blot.

Results
VCD significantly damaged rat follicles at different estrous stages. Injection of human PMSCs improved ovarian function and reproductive ability of POI rats compared to the sham and hormone groups. Our data also showed that PMSCs markedly suppress cell pyroptosis via downregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 compared to the other two groups. The human PMSCs increased the expression of IL-4 and IL-10 and decreased pro-inflammatory factors by phenotypic changes in macrophages.

Conclusions
Our findings revealed a novel mechanism of follicular dysfunction and ovarian fibrosis via activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome followed by secretion of pro-inflammatory factors. Transplantation of PMSCs into POI rats suppressed pro-inflammatory factor production, NLRP3 inflammasome formation and pyroptosis, and improved ovarian function.
Rapid assessment of riverine flood inundation in Chenab floodplain using remote sensing techniques
Authors: Sajjad Asif , Lu Jianzhong , Chen Xiaoling , Chisenga Chikondi , Mazhar Nausheen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction
After flood occurrences, remote sensing images provide crucial information for
mapping flood inundation extent. Optical satellite images can be utilized to generate flooded area maps when the flooded areas are free from clouds.

Materials and Methods
In this study flooded area was calculated using a variety of water indices and classification algorithms, calculated on Landsat data. Pre-flood, during flood, and post-flood satellite data were collected for in-depth flood investigation. The delineation of inundated areas was done using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), and Water Ratio Index (WRI). In order to detect and compare flooded areas with water indices, the supervised maximum likelihood algorithm was also used for land use and land cover mapping.

Results
The results of the investigation allowed for a flooded area and recession. The analysis revealed that the flooded area covered about 68% of the study area, and remained standing for seven weeks. We used the misclassified areas approach, as determined, using the classified results, to improve the results of the flooded areas, generated through the use of each of the 3 water indices. The result showed that the MNDWI images showed better accuracy of above 90%, which reflects the reliability of the results.

Conclusion
This proposed remote sensing (RS) technique provides a basis for the identification of inundated areas with less misclassified areas, which enable an emergency response to be targeted, for newly flooded areas. Thus, the present study provides a novel rapid flood mapping perspective and provides a considerable contribution to flood monitoring.
Association between gastric cancer and the intake of different types of iron and meats
Authors: Narmcheshm Saba , Toorang Fatemeh , Sasanfar Bahareh , hadji Maryam , Rostami Sahar , Zendehdel Kazem 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Heme and non-heme irons are two forms of iron in the diet. Few studies have evaluated the association between heme iron intake and the risk of gastric cancer (GC). We aimed to investigate the association between heme, non-heme and total iron intake and risk of GC in Iran.

Methods
In a hospital-based case–control study, nutritionists interviewed 178 pathologically confirmed GC patients and 276 controls using a valid Diet History Questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression model was used to estimate Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) for iron intake and risk of GC.

Results
Subjects in the highest tertile of total iron intake were 46% less likely to get GC than those in the lowest (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.32–0.92), however, the associations were not significant for intake of heme and non-heme iron. The risk of GC in the highest tertile of total meat intake was 2.51 times higher than the lowest. We found significant associations between GC and chicken (OR = 2.95; 95% CI: 1.66–5.22) and fish intake (OR = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.09–3.27), However, we found no associations between the risk of GC and intake of red meat, salted fish, and liver.

Conclusion
Total iron intake was associated with a lower risk of GC which could be partly due to the high prevalence of anemia in Iran. Although, we could not find any significant association between the risk of GC and the intake of heme and non-hem iron among the Iranian population.