bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for Depression Among Recent Nigerian Graduates
Authors: Nwajei A , Ibuaku J , Esievoadje S , Olaniyan F , Ezunu E 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
In recent times, Nigerian media have carried multiple reports of violent and traumatic social vices. These are well-known trigger factors for fear, worries, and anxiety for corp members and their families. Core member's presentations at the NYSC primary care clinic are commonly triggered by change in environmental, biological, and psychosocial factors which invariably affect their social and occupational functioning.

Aims:
The objective of the study was to screen for depression symptoms among young recent Nigerian graduates with the view of further evaluating those positive on screening test with subsequent diagnostic tests.

Methods:
The survey was conducted on 327 participants of the April 2017 batch of graduates during the Delta State National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) Orientation Camp period in Issele-Uku, Delta State, Nigeria. They were requested to complete a self-administered questionnaire comprising of 2 sections (i) Socio-demographic profile and (ii) Patient-Health Questionnaire -9 (PHQ-9) - a Depression screening tool.

Results:
The prevalence of depression symptoms in the study was found to be 57.2%. Family size (P < 0.001) and sibling rank (P < 0.001) were the socio-demographic factors found to be related to depression. Independent predictors of depression were family size and sibling ranking.

Conclusion:
The study found the prevalence of depression symptoms among young adults to be 57.2% which is quite high. Family size and sibling rank were found to be independent risk factors.
The Impact of Body Mass Index on Left Ventricular Mass Index, Right Ventricular Function, and Cardiac Dimension of Children with Sickle Cell Anemia in Enugu City
Authors: Chinawa AT , Chinawa JM , Chukwu BF , Ossai N , Ndu IK , Asinobi IN , Uwaezuoke NA 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Body mass index is a major determinant of cardiac annular valvar dimension and left ventricular mass index in children with sickle cell anemia.

Objectives:
The study is aimed at ascertaining the impact of Body Mass Index on Left ventricular mass index, right ventricular function and cardiac dimension of children with sickle cell anemia.

Methods:
A case control study in which echocardiographic measurement of cardiac function and structures were ascertained among children with sickle cell anemia compared with hemoglobin AA genotype.

Results:
There were 51 subjects and 50 controls. The subjects comprised 54.9% males and controls, 52.0% male. There was a strong positive correlation between BMI and most cardiac structure diameters among children with normal hemoglobin genotype (Pearson's correlation coefficient value, P < 0.001) There was also statistically significant positive correlation between BMI and LV mass among the subjects (n = 50, r = 0.5, P < 0.001). There was significant positive correlation between BMI and TAPSE in both subjects and controls as well as between BMI and RVSP among the subjects, but not the controls (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the number with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) based on their nutritional status (n = 51, χ^2 = 7.03, P = 0.32). The BMI correlated negatively with left ventricular mass index (LVMI) among the subjects, but the correlation was not statistically significant (r = -0.1, P = 0.53)

Conclusion:
There was significant positive correlation between BMI and TAPSE in both subjects and controls as well as between BMI and RVSP among the subjects, but not the controls. Body mass index correlated negatively with left ventricular mass index (LVMI) among the subjects.
Providing Physical Activity Education and Counseling During Pregnancy
Authors: Okafor UB , Goon D T 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Midwives have a strategic role to inform, educate, and encourage pregnant women to maintain an active lifestyle during pregnancy.

Aim:
This study explored a cohort of midwives' perspectives on providing prenatal physical activity education and counseling during pregnancy.

Subjects and Methods:
Seventeen midwives participated in semistructured interviews which were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. A thematic analysis approach was applied to the transcribed qualitative data.

Results:
Midwives rarely provide physical activity education and counseling to pregnant women, citing lack of knowledge on which physical activity to recommend, and the duration and intensity of the physical activity as reasons. Walking is the only physical activity recommended during antenatal sessions. Barriers to providing physical activity education and counseling include shortage of midwives, busy work responsibilities, nonavailability of exercise equipment, and nonprioritization of antenatal physical activity. The midwives also cited overwhelming work responsibilities resulting in extreme fatigue rendering them hardly able to counsel the women. They advocated for the introduction of exercise classes in antenatal health care and the training of midwives on exercises to improve the uptake of midwives' knowledge regarding prenatal exercise and their engagement with pregnant women during antenatal consultations.

Conclusions:
The midwives lacked knowledge of physical activity during pregnancy and rarely provided such education and counseling. They advocated the need for training and workshops on maternal physical activity. Our findings suggest that physical activity should be integrated into the midwifery/nursing curriculum to empower midwives and other health providers to offer evidence-based physical activity education and counseling to women during antenatal health care as part of the primary health-care service.
IL-13 Gene Polymorphisms (-1112 C/T and -1512 A/C) in Patients with Chronic and Aggressive Periodontitis
Authors: Görgün EP , Toker H , Tas A , Alpan AL , Sari I , Silig Y 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
IL-13 is the key cytokine in the regulation of inflammatory with an autoimmune disease and has an anti-inflammatory effect.

Aims:
This study aimed to compare IL-13 (-1112 C/T and -1512 A/C) gene polymorphisms in patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP), chronic periodontitis (CP), and periodontally healthy group (C) and evaluate the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) IL-13 levels in patients.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred thirty patients with AgP, 120 patients with CP, and 70 periodontally healthy subjects were included in this study. Clinical parameters were recorded (plaque and gingival index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level), and GCF and blood samples were taken at baseline and 6-week. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy was performed in patients with periodontitis. Gene analyses (IL-13 − 1112C/T (rs1800925) and − 1512 A/C (rs1881457) were performed with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cytokine levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.

Results:
AgP and CP patients showed significant improvement in clinical parameters after periodontal therapy (P < 0.05). According to results, genotype distributions and allele frequencies in IL-13 variants − 1112C/T and − 1512 A/C were found similarly in all groups (P > 0.05). In the AgP group, GCF IL-13 cytokine level is statistically significant and increased in 6 weeks; however, in the CP group, there is no statistically significant difference between baseline and 6 week. In the AgP group, baseline GCF IL-13 cytokine level is lower than those of the CP group and C group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Within the limits of this study, IL-13 -1112 and -1512 gene polymorphisms have not been associated with AgP and CP, and GCF IL-13 cytokine level is increased after treatment in the AgP group.
Clinical and Pathological Factors Predictıve of Bladder Cancer Recurrence in Patients with Upper Tract Prımary TCC
Authors: Yoldas M , Türk H , Yoldas TK 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate predictive clinical and histopathological risk factors for bladder cancer recurrence in patients who underwent nephroureterectomy for primary upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (TCC).

Subjects and Methods:
Data of 111 patients, who were diagnosed with upper urinary tract TCC and underwent nephroureterectomy were reviewed A total of 65 patients were included in the study, after excluding 34 patients. Results: Bladder cancer recurrence developed in 20 (30.7%) of the 65 patients under evaluation. The recurrence-free survival rates in the 1st, 3rd, and 5th years were 78.4%, 70.7% and 69.2%, respectively. Lymphovascular invasion and a positive surgical margin were defined as risk factors for bladder cancer recurrence. In addition, patients with multiple tumors and low stage and grade pathology had a high rate of bladder cancer recurrence, although this was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
After nephroureterectomy, a careful follow-up is required in terms of bladder tumor recurrence especially in patients with a positive surgical margin, lymphovascular invasion, low-grade tumors, or multifocal tumors.
Pattern of Self-Care Practices among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Enikuomehin AC , Olamoyegun MA , Ojo OA , Ajani GD , Akinlade TA , Ala OA 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Self-care practices in individuals with diabetes are important skills required to effectively prevent, manage, and limit complications associated with diabetes since patients spend considerably less time with health care providers than spend alone to manage their diabetes condition.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to assess self-cate practices and their determinants among patients with type 2 diabetes. Hence, this study aimed at assessing self-care practices and their determinants among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional, descriptive, multi-center study was conducted among 348 type 2 diabetes patients selected from six tertiary hospitals in Southwest Nigeria. Descriptive statistical analysis was employed for categorical and continuous variables and multivariable logistic regression assessed association between determinant factors and adherence to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG).

Results:
Of the study participants, 83.1%, 66.9%, 28.4%, and 27.9% adhered to prescribed medications, physical exercise, had meal plans incorporated into their diabetes management and SMBG, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between male gender, duration of diabetes, and previous episode of hypoglycemia with adherence to SMBG practices while lower educational level and use of insulin were associated with less likelihood of adherence to prescribed medications.

Conclusion:
The degree to which individuals with diabetes adhered to recommended self-care practice components were less than satisfactory especially SMBG, physical activity, and having meal plans.
Clinical Presentation of Inguinal Hernia among Adults in Uyo, Nigeria
Authors: Udo IA 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Inguinal hernia is a common pathology seen by the general surgeon in the outpatient clinic. Its spectrum of clinical features on presentation significantly varies from the asymptomatic to the complicated.

Objective:
To identify and audit the common clinical presentation and presence of known risk factors for inguinal hernia among adult patients with inguinal hernias presenting to an outpatient clinic.

Methods:
The study involved adults presenting over 1 year at a surgical clinic with a clinical diagnosis of inguinal hernia. Data on age, sex, family history, abdominal pain, constipation, chronic cough, previous hernia surgery as well as features of bladder outlet obstruction and intra-abdominal mass were recorded into a format. Analysis into a simple percentage, mean, and standard deviation was done with SPSS version 17 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA).

Results:
Sixty-five patients were enrolled in the study, comprising 49 males (75.4%) and 16 females (24.6%), M:F = 3:1. The mean age was 45.6 years (SD ± 16.9). The 16–40-year age group had the highest incidence of 29 cases (44.6%) of inguinal hernia. A family history of inguinal hernia (31 cases [47.7%]) and history of previous inguinal hernia surgery (15 cases [23.1%])) was observed. Ten patients with previous surgery presented with a contralateral hernia and 5 with a recurrence. Other factors were chronic constipation 10 cases, smoking 9 cases, chronic cough 8 cases, dysuria 7 cases, enlarged prostate 6 cases, abdominal mass 4 cases, and urethral stricture 1 case.

Conclusion:
Inguinal hernia is common among young and middle-aged adults in our series. Many patients have features suggestive of complications at presentation. Family history and past inguinal hernia surgery were important risk factors.
Methylated Spirit versus Chlorhexidine Gel
Authors: Shwe DD , Afolaranmi TO , Egbodo CO , Musa J , Oguche S , Bode-Thomas F 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Omphalitis is an important cause of neonatal sepsis (NNS) and mortality. Quantitative estimates of risk of omphalitis-related neonatal death is about 10%–19%. Topical applications of antiseptics have been shown to reduce this risk burden but has not been well investigated.

Aim:
To demonstrate non-inferiority of methylated spirit to chlorhexidine (CHX) gel for prevention of omphalitis, NNS and mortality at day 28.

Methods:
This was a randomized, non-inferiority trial of methylated spirit versus CHX gel with 161 and 162 mother–baby pairs, respectively, conducted between July 2017 and May 2018. SPSS version 23.0 was used for data analysis to examine for incidence of omphalitis, time-to-cord separation, NNS and mortality. Relative risk and 95% confidence interval were used as point and interval estimates, respectively, with a non-inferiority margin of 10% set for CHX gel while a P values <0.05 was statistically significant.

Results:
The median age of newborns was 18 h; (IQR: 8–24) h with the risk of omphalitis being 2% higher with CHX gel compared to methylated spirit (RR = 1.020; 95% CI; 0.988-1.053; P = 0.053). The median times-to-cord separation were 7.0 days (IQR: 2–17) and 7.0 days (IQR: 2–18) for methylated spirit and CHX gel, respectively (mean difference: [FIGURE DASH]0.2145; 95% CI = [FIGURE DASH]0.9085–0.4759; P = 0.544). There was no difference in the risks of NNS and mortality among those treated with methylated spirit compared to those exposed to CHX gel (RR: 1.0; 95% CI = 0.984–1.017; P = 1.000) and (RR: 1.0; 95% CI = 0.994–1.018; P = 0.986) respectively.

Conclusions:
There is no evidence that 96% methylated spirit is inferior to 4% CHX gel in preventing neonatal omphalitis; hence, it may be considered a safe and effective alternative where CHX gel is unavailable.
Addiction and Rehabilitation Processes According to the Youth with Substance History and Members Of Profession—A phenomenological analysis
Authors: Gök F Akgül , Yavaş Ayhan AG 
Published: August 2023

Aims:
The aim of this study was to examine the substance-use history of young people in a rehabilitation center in Berlin with a therapeutic community structure, their thoughts about the rehabilitation process, and the evaluations of the center's employees.

Methods:
The study used interviews with the young people in the rehabilitation process and the professionals working in the institution as well as observation studies over a period of three-months. A total of 23 people participated in the study, including 13 young people in the rehabilitation process with a history of substance use and 10 professionals working at the institution. The researchers used a qualitative research method along with a three-month observation study.

Results:
After the interviews, 4 main themes and 5 sub-themes were identified among the young people with a substance-use history, and 4 main themes and 4 sub-themes were identified for the employees.

Conclusion:
It was determined that a well-structured rehabilitation center has positive psychological, social, cognitive, and behavioral effects on young people with a history of substance use.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology for Palpable Breast Lumps in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital
Authors: Ogbuanya AU , Anyanwu SNC , Nwigwe GC , Iyare FE 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Breast lump is a very common problem in the surgical units of many hospitals. Considering our unique socio-cultural and economic peculiarities, the ideal initial preoperative diagnostic tool for breast diseases should be cost-effective, simple with minimal physical and psychological trauma.

Aims:
This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) in the management of palpable breast lesions in our center.

Methodsology:
This is a prospective study that lasted for one year. Fine needle aspiration cytology was done after clinical examination of all patients who gave consent. Open surgical biopsy was used as a reference standard.

Results:
One hundred and fifteen patients were enrolled. We found that unsatisfactory smears (C1) were seven (6.1%), benign smears (C2), 57 (49.6%), atypical smears (C3), five (4.3%), suspicious of malignancy smears (C4), six (5.2%) and unequivocally malignant smears (C5), 40 (34.8%). Fine needle aspiration cytology achieved high sensitivity (90.4%), specificity (93.7%), positive predictive value (92.2%), negative predictive value (92.2%) and overall diagnostic accuracy (92.2%) for breast lumps in this study. The false positive and negative rates of 7.8% each are both higher than values recommended by National Health Services Breast Screening Program (NHSBSP) of United Kingdom.

Conclusion:
In view of the high sensitivity, specificity and overall diagnostic accuracy combined with early retrieval of pathologic results on first clinic visit reported in this study, FNAC should become a useful tool in the management of breast lumps in our center.
Complications Following Secondary Voice Prosthesis Insertion and Impact of Previous Irradiation on Their Appearance
Authors: Dragicevic DM , Jovic RM , Kljajic VL , Vlaski LM , Savovic SN , Lemajic-Komazec SN 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
The aim of this study was to analyze the complications following secondary voice prosthesis insertion and impact of previous irradiation on their appearance.

Methods:
This study included 106 totally laryngectomized patients who underwent secondary Provox 2 voice prosthesis insertion. Among them, 79 (74.5%) were irradiated. Surgery, prosthesis, fistula, and voice-related complications were analyzed and presented.

Results:
Complications occurred in 23 (22%) patients. Fifteen of them were previously irradiated. There were no surgery-related complications. In the group of prosthesis-related complications, one patient had increased negative pressure during swallowing with extremely short prosthesis life time. There were 17 complications in the group of fistula related ones; 3 patients had excessive granulation tissue around the fistula and 14 patients experienced prosthesis displacement (7 had closed esophageal end of the fistula, 5 had the prosthesis turned sideways in an open fistula, one patient inhaled and one ingested the prosthesis). Tracheoesophageal voice was not established in 5 patients. Previous irradiation had no statistically significant influence on the complication rate (P = 0,251).

Conclusions:
The majority of complications following secondary voice prosthesis insertion are fistula-related ones, among which, displacement of the voice prosthesis is the most common. Previous irradiation does not significantly increase the risk of developing complications.
Rehabilitation of Severe Atrophic Ridges with Zygomatic Implant and/or All-on-4 Treatment Concepts—A Case Series
Authors: Rao Srinivas B , Sangolikar Deepak K , Mishra Sunil K , Chowdhary Ramesh 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Rehabilitation of completely edentulous patients with implant-supported prosthesis (ISP) is the need of the day, but in many patients, the routine ISP is not possible due to the severe atrophic residual ridges. The present case series describes three cases with atrophic ridges rehabilitated using zygomatic implants and/or All-on-4 treatment concepts. In case 1 and case 3, in maxillary arch, there was not enough bone in Zone 3 to rehabilitate the patient with routine protocol followed for the All-on-4 treatment concept, so in these two cases, zygomatic implants were placed. Case 1 and case 2 were rehabilitated with Malo Bridge and case 3 with acrylic teeth-hybrid prosthesis using a computerized milling procedure to obtain improved fit, function, esthetics, and ease of retrievability whenever required.
Large Solitary Scalp Metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Altinkaya A , Yazar S , Karadag EC , Er O 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can metastasize to various organs of the body. The skin is an uncommon site for metastasis. However, if metastasis to skin occurs, scalp is a common area. We present a 77-year-old male patient, with a 12-year history of RCC. In the current presentation, he was hospitalized due to hematuria, fatigue, electrolyte imbalance, and deteriorating kidney functions. After the patient was stabilized, he was referred to the plastic surgery clinic due to an unusual, extremely large, hemorrhagic, ulcerative, and vegetative mass on his scalp. Total excision of the scalp mass was performed and, it was noted that the calvarium was intact and the defect was grafted. Histology report of the specimen confirmed to metastatic RCC. Clinicians need to keep in mind that large cutaneous lesion can be a metastasis from an internal malignancy.
The Role of Interventional Pulmonology for the Postoperative Bronchopleural Fistula
Authors: Ayten O , Özdemir C , Sökücü SN , Kocatürk C , Önür ST , Altin S , Dalar L 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Postoperative bronchopleural fistula (BPF) remains a serious complication due to its high morbidity and mortality. Although various endoscopic techniques have been defined for the closure of BPF previously, no standard algorithm yet exists.

Aims:
To study the effectiveness and safety of various endoscopic procedures in an interventional pulmonology unit.

Materials and Methods:
The medical data of 15 postoperative BPF patients, who were undergone endoscopic intervention were retrospectively investigated.

Results:
The mean size of the fistulas determined by bronchoscopic evaluation was 7.93 ± 3.26 mm (range 3-15 mm). Applied procedures were as follows: stent implantation (n: 8, 53.3%), stent implantation and polidocanol application (n: 4, 26.7%), only Argon Plasma Coagulation (APC) application (n: 2,13.3%), polidocanol application (n: 1,6.7%). Complete fistula closure was achieved in three of the 15 patients (20%). The procedures were partly successful in five (33.3%) patients and failed to be successful in seven (46.6%) patients. Survival rates in regard to procedural success were determined and a statistically significant difference was found in five-year survival rates (P = 0.027, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Our results demonstrated that bronchoscopic procedures can be safely and effectively performed in patients who were not eligible for surgery for various reasons.