bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased growth temperature and vitamin B12 supplementation reduces the lag time for rapid pathogen identification in BHI agar and blood cultures
Authors: Ali Jawad , Joshi Mukund , Ahmadi Asal , Strætkvern Knut Olav , Ahmad Rafi 
Published: February 2023

Background: The rapid diagnostics of pathogens is essential to prescribe appropriate and early antibiotic therapy. The current methods for pathogen detection require the bacteria to grow in a culture medium, which is time-consuming. This increases the mortality rate and the global burden of antimicrobial resistance. Culture-free detection methods are still under development and are not used in the clinical routine. Therefore decreasing the culture time for accurate detection of infection and resistance is vital for diagnosis. Methods: In this study, we wanted to investigate easy-to-implement factors (in a minimal laboratory set-up), including inoculum size, incubation temperature, and additional supplementation (e.g., vitamin B12 and trace metals), that can significantly reduce the lag time (tlag). These factors were arranged in simple two-level factorial designs using Gram-positive (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-negative (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) bacteria, including clinical isolates with known antimicrobial resistance profiles. Blood samples spiked with a clinical isolate of E. coli CCUG17620 were also tested to see the effect of elevated incubation temperature on bacterial growth in blood cultures. Results: We observed that increased incubation temperature (42°C) along with vitamin B12 supplementation significantly reduced the tlag (10 – 115 minutes or 4% - 49%) in pure clinical isolates and blood samples spiked with E. coli CCUG17620. In the case of the blood sample, PCR results also detected bacterial DNA after only 3h of incubation and at three times the CFU/mL. Conclusions: Enrichment of bacterial culture media with growth supplements such as vitamin B12 and increased incubation temperature can be a cheap and rapid method for the early detection of pathogens. This is a proof-of-concept study restricted to a few bacterial strains and growth conditions. In the future, the effect of other growth conditions and difficult-to-culture bacteria should be explored to shorten the lag phase.
The ability of Anopheles funestus and A. arabiensis to penetrate LLINs and its effect on their mortality
Authors: Meza Felician Clement , Muyaga Letus L , Limwagu Alex  Julius , Lwetoijera Dickson Wilson 
Published: February 2023

Background: Variation in mosquito body size and the ability to penetrate long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) remains unknown. This study evaluated the ability of Anopheles funestus and A. arabiensis to penetrate commercially available treated and untreated bednets and how this behaviour affects mosquito mortality. Methods: Three types of LLINs; DawaPlus 2.0, PermaNet 2.0, Olyset 2.0, and untreated (Safi Net) were tested inside a semi-field system. One hundred 3–5-day-old female A. funestus and A. arabiensis were released in a chamber with a sleeping adult volunteer under a treated or untreated bednet. Mosquitoes that penetrated inside the nets were collected every two hours using a mouth aspirator. Live mosquitoes were put in paper cups, fed on glucose ad libitum and their mortality rate was monitored for 48 h. Results: The ability of A. funestus to penetrate treated and untreated bednets was significantly higher than for A. arabiensis for all three LLIN net types (P<0.001). For both species the penetration rate was higher for untreated bednets than treated ones except for the Olyset net. Regardless of the assessed mosquito species, all the mosquitoes that penetrated the net, successfully blood-fed on the sleeping volunteer. Compared to A. arabiensis, significant mortality was recorded for A. funestus that were caught inside Olyset nets within 48 hrs of monitoring (P<0.001). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the ability of A. funestus and A. arabiensis mosquitoes to penetrate the human-occupied treated and untreated bednets. Despite this ability, mosquitoes that penetrated the bednet succumbed to death within two days.
IMPROVING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF CUSTOMS OFFICIALS
Authors: Trubicyn K. , Kalmykova O. 
Published: February 2023

The article discusses topical issues of increasing the level of professional competence of customs officials in the process of customs service in order to minimize the functional manifestations of destructive conflicts, personnel risks and professional stress. The purpose of this study is to develop guidelines for improving the system of professional development of customs officials. The authors carried out a comparative analysis of scientific research, the results of which are of practical importance for improving the effectiveness of personnel measures aimed at building the personnel potential of customs authorities. In the study, the authors used the following methods: observation, analysis of legal, program and target documents, expert survey, personnel risk diagnostics, hierarchy analysis. The authors analyze the factors of the organizational environment of the customs authority, which affect the level of formation of professional competence of the personnel of the customs authorities. Tasks of the diagnostic stage of the study: an expert survey of respondents on the effectiveness of the proposed methodological recommendations for improving the level of professional competence of customs officials. In the study, officials of the customs authority and teachers of a higher educational institution acted as experts. Analysis of the results of expert surveys ensures the improvement of educational and methodological support for the process of preparing students at the Samara State Technical University. Determination of effective methods of professional development of officials of the customs authority was carried out on the basis of the analysis of hierarchies (HAI).
Introducing and Integrating Machine Learning in an Operations Research Curriculum: An Application-Driven Course
Authors: Boutilier Justin J. , Chan Timothy C. Y. 
Published: February 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) and operations research (OR) have long been intertwined because of their synergistic relationship. Given the increasing popularity of AI and machine learning in particular, we face growing demand for educational offerings in this area from our students. This paper describes two courses that introduce machine learning concepts to undergraduate, predominantly industrial engineering and operations research students. Instead of taking a methods-first approach, these courses use real-world applications to motivate, introduce, and explore these machine learning techniques and highlight meaningful overlap with operations research. Significant hands-on coding experience is used to build student proficiency with the techniques. Student feedback indicates that these courses have greatly increased student interest in machine learning and appreciation of the real-world impact that analytics can have and helped students develop practical skills that they can apply. We believe that similar application-driven courses that connect machine learning and operations research would be valuable additions to undergraduate OR curricula broadly. Supplemental Material: Supplemental material is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ited.2021.0256 .
The Business of Healthcare: The Role of Physician Integration in Bundled Payments
Authors: Vlachy Jan , Ayer Turgay , Ayvaci Mehmet , Raghunathan Srinivasan 
Published: February 2023

Problem definition: Under the prevailing fee-for-service (FFS) payments, hospitals receive a fixed payment, whereas physicians receive separate fees for each treatment or procedure performed for a given diagnosis. Under FFS, incentives of hospitals and physicians are misaligned, leading to large inefficiencies. Bundled payments (BP), an alternative to FFS unifying payments to the hospital and physicians, are expected to encourage care coordination and reduce ever increasing healthcare costs. However, as hospitals differ in their relationships with physicians in influencing care (level of physician integration), the expected effects of bundling in hospital systems with a varying level of physician integration remains unclear. Academic/practical relevance: There is a lack of both academic and practical understanding of hospitals’ and physicians’ bundling incentives. Our study builds on and expands the recent operations management literature on alternative payment models. Methodology: We formulate game-theoretic models to study (1) the impact of the level of integration between the hospital and physicians in the uptake of BP and (2) the consequences of bundling with respect to overall care quality and costs/savings across the spectrum of integration levels. Results: We find that (1) hospitals with low to moderate levels of physician integration have more incentives to bundle as compared with hospitals with high physician integration; (2) to engage physicians, hospitals need to financially incentivize them, a mechanism that was not available in traditional FFS-based payment models; (3) when feasible, BP is expected to reduce care intensity, and this reduction in care intensity is expected to result in quality improvement and cost savings in hospital systems with low to moderate level of physician integration; (4) however, when bundling happens in hospital systems with a relatively higher level of physician integration, BP may lead to underprovisioning of care and ultimately quality reduction; (5) in an environment where hospitals are also held accountable for quality, the incentives for bundling will be higher for involved parties, yet quality vulnerabilities due to bundling can be exacerbated. Managerial implications: Our findings have important managerial implications for policy makers, payers such as the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and hospitals: (1) policy makers and payers should be aware of and account for potential negative effects of current BP design on a subset of hospital systems, including a possible quality reduction; (2) in deciding whether to enroll in BP, hospitals should consider their level of physician integration and possible implications for quality. Based on our findings, we expect that a widespread use of BP may trigger further market concentration via hospital mergers or service-line closures. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.1187 .
Optimal control on education, vaccination, and treatment in the model of dengue hemorrhagic fever
Authors: Haafidhoh Eva Annisa , Adi Yudi Ari , Irsalinda Nursyiva 
Published: February 2023

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an infection caused by the dengue virus which is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. In this paper, a model of the spread of dengue disease is developed using optimal control theory by dividing the population into Susceptible, Exposed, Infected, and Recovered (SEIR) sub-populations. The Pontryagin minimum principle of the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method is used in the model of the spread of dengue disease by incorporating control factors in the form of education and vaccination of susceptible human populations, as well as treatment of infected human populations. Optimum control aims to minimize the infected human population in order to reduce the spread of DHF. Simulations were carried out for two cases, namely when the basic reproduction number is less than one for disease-free conditions and greater than one for endemic conditions. Based on numerical simulations of the SEIR epidemic model with controls, it results that the optimal strategy is achieved if education controls, vaccinations, and medication are used.
Performance of portable objective wound assessment tools: a systematic review
Authors: Tan Poh , Basonbul Razan A , Lim Joanne , Moiemen Naiem 
Published: February 2023

Objective: Accurate wound assessment is crucial for determining the progression of healing and guides treatment strategies. Portable wound assessment devices can be useful in providing an accurate evaluation in the community where most cases are treated. The objective of this review was to compare the performance of various portable wound assessment techniques used for wound healing assessment described in the literature. Method: In April 2020, electronic databases were searched, using appropriate search terms, for all available publications on the use of portable wound assessment devices on human and artificial wounds. The primary outcome was the reliability and reproducibility of measurement while the secondary outcome was the feasibility of the instrument. All studies underwent quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS) to examine the quality of data. Results: A total of 129 articles were identified and 24 were included in the final review; 17 articles discussed two-dimensional (2D) devices; three articles discussed three-dimensional (3D) devices; and four articles discussed application-based devices. Most studies (n=8) reported on a 2D device that had an ICC of 0.92–0.99 for area measurement and a coefficient of variance of 3.1% with an error of 2.3% in human wounds and 1.55-3.7% in artificial wounds. The inter/intra observer reliability was 0.998 and 0.985, respectively with a scan time of two minutes per wound. The median QUADAS score was 12. Conclusion: Based on the presented evidence, 2D-based portable wound assessment devices were the most studied and demonstrated good performance. Further studies are required for 3D and application-based measurement instruments.
Borate Treatment of CLT Panels Using Vacuum: A Proof of Concept
Authors: Taylor Adam , Denavit Mark , Lloyd Jeffrey , Kim Jae-Woo , Kirker Grant , Mankowski Mark 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is an increasingly popular wood-based alternative for large building applications. CLT panels are typically not treated due in part to a perceived lack of efficient and effective methods for treating large panels and a lack of information on what effect treatment processes may have on the panels' mechanical properties. We propose that treating CLT panels with borate solution, applied under vacuum in flexible bags, could provide a practical and effective option for providing preservative protection for interior applications. Samples were cut from commercially produced CLT panels and treated with borate solution using vacuum. The samples were then evaluated for preservative retention, swelling, and degradation of mechanical properties. Initial treatments resulted in a wide range of preservative retentions and property effects among the products tested. In subsequent adjustments, the treatment parameters were changed to provide consistent and sufficient retention among the products. The vacuum treatment method effectively penetrated cracks in the lumber and the bond lines (adhesive joint between adjacent lamellae). Swelling and effects on mechanical properties were minimal in the adjusted samples. In addition to these samples that were treated in a rigid pressure vessel, a larger sample was successfully treated in a flexible plastic bag. Data from this study support the concept that vacuum treatment of CLT panels with borate can provide sufficient levels of preservative retention, can be adjusted to the material being treated, and has minimal effects on mechanical properties.
Two Ways of Looking at the Father: Sharon Olds’ The Father and Alison Bechdel’s Fun Home
Authors: Villamarín-Freire Sara 
Published: February 2023

This article explores a series of visual-textual devices used in the representation of father figures in the poetry collection The Father (Sharon Olds, 1992) and the graphic memoir Fun Home (Alison Bechdel, 2006). I argue that literature can contribute to undo the conflation of paternity and patriarchy by portraying fathers as complex, fallible, and above all real individuals, as opposed to the disembodied abstract principle that has been prevalent in Western cultures. I will contend that the subsuming qualities of the dominant fiction can be subverted via a series of formal mechanisms related to the visual field that seek to foster reader engagement. In doing so, both The Father and Fun Home provide alternatives to traditional representations of the father figure.
Free amino acid and acylcarnitine values in Ursus americanus Pallas 1780 (black bear) from Northeastern Mexico
Authors: Abellan-Borja Andres , Rodriguez-Sanchez Iram P. , Carrera-Treviño Rogelio , Villanueva-Segura Olga Karina , Zapata-Morin Patricio Adrian , Martinez-de-Villareal Laura E. , Barboza-Aranda Luis Javier , Gomez-Govea Mayra A. , Martinez-Fierro Margarita L. , Delgado-Enciso Ivan , Ruiz-Ayma Gabriel , Gonzalez-Rojas Jose Ignacio , Guzman-Velasco Antonio 
Published: February 2023

Introduction
Ursus americanus Pallas 1780 is the largest carnivore and the only ursid in Mexico. It is considered an endangered species in the country because its distribution and population have been reduced by up to 80% because of habitat loss or furtive hunting. These problems can lead to a diet change, which could result in metabolic disorders, such as fatty acid β-oxidation defects or organic acid metabolism disorders. In our study, a free amino acid and acylcarnitine profile was characterized.

Methods
Peripheral blood samples were drawn from nine free-ranging black bears in a period of five months, from June to October of 2019 in Northeastern Mexico, and 12 amino acids and 30 acylcarnitines were determined and quantified. Age differences were observed in the samples through ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey test.

Results
Only three metabolites showed a significant difference with age: alanine (Ala) [cubs vs juvenile], free-carnitine (C0) [juvenile vs cubs] and acetylcarnitine (C2) [cubs vs adults and juvenile vs cubs].

Conclusion
Metabolites with variability due to age were identified, making them potential biomarkers to monitor metabolic status as early diagnosis in endangered species. This is the first study of black bear amino acid and acylcarnitine profiles, and the values found could be used as reference for free amino acid and acylcarnitine concentrations in further studies of the species.
Rhythmic tapping difficulties in adults who stutter: A deficit in beat perception, motor execution, or sensorimotor integration?
Authors: Slis Anneke , Savariaux Christophe , Perrier Pascal , Garnier Maëva 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesThe study aims to better understand the rhythmic abilities of people who stutter and to identify which processes potentially are impaired in this population: (1) beat perception and reproduction; (2) the execution of movements, in particular their initiation; (3) sensorimotor integration.Material and methodFinger tapping behavior of 16 adults who stutter (PWS) was compared with that of 16 matching controls (PNS) in five rhythmic tasks of various complexity: three synchronization tasks ― a simple 1:1 isochronous pattern, a complex non-isochronous pattern, and a 4 tap:1 beat isochronous pattern ―, a reaction task to an aperiodic and unpredictable pattern, and a reproduction task of an isochronous pattern after passively listening.ResultsPWS were able to reproduce an isochronous pattern on their own, without external auditory stimuli, with similar accuracy as PNS, but with increased variability. This group difference in variability was observed immediately after passive listening, without prior motor engagement, and was not enhanced or reduced after several seconds of tapping. Although PWS showed increased tapping variability in the reproduction task as well as in synchronization tasks, this timing variability did not correlate significantly with the variability in reaction times or tapping force.Compared to PNS, PWS exhibited larger negative mean asynchronies, and increased synchronization variability in synchronization tasks. These group differences were not affected by beat hierarchy (i.e., “strong” vs. “weak” beats), pattern complexity (non-isochronous vs. isochronous) or presence versus absence of external auditory stimulus (1:1 vs. 1:4 isochronous pattern). Differences between PWS and PNS were not enhanced or reduced with sensorimotor learning, over the first taps of a synchronization task.ConclusionOur observations support the hypothesis of a deficit in neuronal oscillators coupling in production, but not in perception, of rhythmic patterns, and a larger delay in multi-modal feedback processing for PWS.
Real-world performance of SARS-Cov-2 serology tests in the United States, 2020
Authors: Rodriguez-Watson Carla V. , Louder Anthony M. , Kabelac Carly , Frederick Christopher M. , Sheils Natalie E. , Eldridge Elizabeth H. , Lin Nancy D. , Pollock Benjamin D. , Gatz Jennifer L. , Grannis Shaun J. , Vashisht Rohit , Ghauri Kanwal , Knepper Camille , Leonard Sandy , Embi Peter J. , Jenkinson Garrett , Klesh Reyna , Garner Omai B. , Patel Ayan , Dahm Lisa , Barin Aiden , Cooper Dan M. , Andriola Tom , Byington Carrie L. , Crews Bridgit O. , Butte Atul J. , Allen Jeff 
Published: February 2023

Background
Real-world performance of COVID-19 diagnostic tests under Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) must be assessed. We describe overall trends in the performance of serology tests in the context of real-world implementation.

Methods
Six health systems estimated the odds of seropositivity and positive percent agreement (PPA) of serology test among people with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by molecular test. In each dataset, we present the odds ratio and PPA, overall and by key clinical, demographic, and practice parameters.

Results
A total of 15,615 people were observed to have at least one serology test 14–90 days after a positive molecular test for SARS-CoV-2. We observed higher PPA in Hispanic (PPA range: 79–96%) compared to non-Hispanic (60–89%) patients; in those presenting with at least one COVID-19 related symptom (69–93%) as compared to no such symptoms (63–91%); and in inpatient (70–97%) and emergency department (93–99%) compared to outpatient (63–92%) settings across datasets. PPA was highest in those with diabetes (75–94%) and kidney disease (83–95%); and lowest in those with auto-immune conditions or who are immunocompromised (56–93%). The odds ratios (OR) for seropositivity were higher in Hispanics compared to non-Hispanics (OR range: 2.59–3.86), patients with diabetes (1.49–1.56), and obesity (1.63–2.23); and lower in those with immunocompromised or autoimmune conditions (0.25–0.70), as compared to those without those comorbidities. In a subset of three datasets with robust information on serology test name, seven tests were used, two of which were used in multiple settings and met the EUA requirement of PPA ≥87%. Tests performed similarly across datasets.

Conclusion
Although the EUA requirement was not consistently met, more investigation is needed to understand how serology and molecular tests are used, including indication and protocol fidelity. Improved data interoperability of test and clinical/demographic data are needed to enable rapid assessment of the real-world performance of in vitro diagnostic tests.