bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on white matter microstructure integrity in mild cognitive impairment patients according to effect modifiers as risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kang Dong Woo , Wang Sheng-Min , Um Yoo Hyun , Kim Sunghwan , Kim TaeYeong , Kim Donghyeon , Lee Chang Uk , Lim Hyun Kook 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundLittle research exists on how individual risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affect the intermediate phenotype after transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), despite the importance of precision medicine-based therapeutic approaches.ObjectiveTo determine how an application of sequential tDCS (2 mA/day, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, 10 sessions) affects changes in white matter (WM) microstructure integrity in 63 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients with effect modifiers such as Aβ deposition, APOE ε4 carrier status, BDNF Val66Met polymorphism status, and sex.MethodsWe examined individual effect modifier-by-tDCS interactions and multiple effect modifiers-by-tDCS interactions for diffusion metrics. We also evaluated the association between baseline Aβ deposition and changes in WM microstructure integrity following tDCS.ResultsWe found that APOE ε4 carrier status and sex had a significant interaction with tDCS, resulting in increased fractional anisotropy (FA) in the right uncinate fasciculus (UF) after stimulation. Additionally, we observed multiple effect modifiers-by-tDCS interactions on WM integrity of the right UF, leading to a more pronounced increase in FA values in APOE ε4 carriers and females with Val66 homozygotes. Finally, baseline Aβ deposition was positively associated with a difference in FA of the left cingulum in the hippocampal area, which showed a positive association with the changes in the score for delayed memory.ConclusionOur study shows the differential impact of individual AD risk factors on changes in the early intermediate phenotype after sequential tDCS in MCI patients. This research emphasizes the importance of precision medicine approaches in tDCS for the prodromal stages of AD.
Low-frequency oscillations in the brain show differential regional associations with severity of cerebral small vessel disease: a systematic review
Authors: Thomas James , Jezzard Peter , Webb Alastair J. S. 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundCerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is associated with endothelial dysfunction but the pathophysiology is poorly understood. Low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) in the BOLD signal partly reflect cerebrovascular function and have the potential to identify endothelial dysfunction in cSVD. A systematic review was performed to assess the reported relationships between imaging markers of cSVD and LFOs.MethodsMedline and EMBASE were searched for original studies reporting an association between LFOs and STRIVE-defined imaging markers of cSVD, including: white matter hyperintensities (WMH), enlarged perivascular spaces, lacunes, CADASIL, and cerebral microbleeds, from inception to September 1, 2022. Variations in LFOs were extracted, where available, on a global, tissue-specific, or regional level, in addition to participant demographics, data acquisition, methods of analysis, and study quality. Where a formal meta-analysis was not possible, differences in the number of studies reporting LFO magnitude by presence or severity of cSVD were determined by sign test.Results15 studies were included from 841 titles. Studies varied in quality, acquisition parameters, and in method of analysis. Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in resting state fMRI was most commonly assessed (12 studies). Across 15 studies with differing markers of cSVD (9 with WMH; 1 with cerebral microbleeds; 1 with lacunar infarcts; 1 with CADASIL; 3 with multiple markers), LFOs in patients with cSVD were decreased in the posterior cortex (22 of 32 occurrences across all studies, p = 0.05), increased in the deep grey nuclei (7 of 7 occurrences across all studies, p = 0.016), and potentially increased in the temporal lobes (9 of 11 occurrences across all studies, p = 0.065).ConclusionDespite limited consensus on the optimal acquisition and analysis methods, there was reasonably consistent regional variation in LFO magnitude by severity of cSVD markers, supporting its potential as a novel index of endothelial dysfunction. We propose a consistent approach to measuring LFOs to characterise targetable mechanisms underlying cSVD.
Changes in the global burden of foreign body aspiration among under-5 children from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Wu Yuying , Zhang Xin , Lin Zaigang , Ding Chenyu , Wu Yuxuan , Chen Yue , Wang Desheng , Yi Xuehan , Chen Fa 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundTo evaluate the changes in the global burden of foreign body aspiration (FBA) among children under 5 years old at regional, age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI) levels between 1990 and 2019.MethodsData on FBA was derived from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 database on pulmonary aspiration and foreign body in airway. The means and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for incidence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). The temporal trends were represented by estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) using Joinpoint regression.ResultsGlobally, FBA caused 109.6 (95% UI: 69.5, 175.7) per 100,000 incidence and 317.9 (95% UI: 270.7, 372.4) per 100,000 DALYs under 5 years old in 2019. Many European countries (such as Italy, Netherlands, Iceland, etc.) showed a high incidence rate, but did not cause a large disease burden (DALYs all less than 200 per 100,000). Compared to 1990, although a decrease in both incidence and DALYs occurred in 2019, the Joinpoint regression showed an increasing trend in incidence rate from 2014 to 2019 [APC: both (2.10), female (2.25), male (1.98), P &lt; 0.05)], especially China, Netherlands, and Malta. Despite the lower incidence rate in early neonatal group and middle SDI areas, they instead resulted in higher DALYs than other age groups and areas.ConclusionAlthough declines occurred in incidence and DALYs of FBA among children under 5 years of age from 1990 to 2014, an upward trend began to emerge from 2014 to 2019. The incidence and DALY rates were correlated with age and SDI. Increased efforts are needed to improve the necessary monitoring and reporting systems, hazard assessment, and public education activities.
Unchanging dynamics in posttraumatic growth in cancer patients: ways of coping and illness perception
Authors: Bayraktar Seda , Ozkan Mine 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionThis study aims to address the positive changes due to traumatic experiences, such as being diagnosed with cancer and experiencing this disease for a certain period. Within this purpose, socio-demographic and disease-related variables, coping ways and illness perceptions that affect posttraumatic growth in cancer patients were examined. Secondly, the findings of this study, which is one of the first studies on posttraumatic growth in cancer patients in Turkey, were compared with the findings of current studies on the subject.MethodDatums were collected by an interview form and three scales (Posttraumatic Growth Scale, Ways of Coping Inventory and Illness Perception Scale-R) to 78 cancer outpatients in Istanbul University Oncology Institute in 2007.ResultsResults showed that cancer patients have higher posttraumatic growth levels than the mean. According to analysis, posttraumatic growth total score between confrontive coping (t = −2.344, p &lt; 0.05), self-controlling (t = −3.704, p &lt; 0.001), accepting responsibility (t = −3.032, p &lt; 0.01), escape-avoidance (t = −2.285, p &lt; 0.05), planful problem solving (t = −2.502, p &lt; 0.05), positive reappraisal (t = −5.241, p &lt; 0.001), and seeking social support (t = −3.527, p &lt; 0.01) has relationship. Also, there is a relation between posttraumatic growth subscales and the Revised form of Illness Perception Questionnaire; Change in relationships with others subscale (t = 2.887, p &lt; 0.01) and Change in self-perception subscale (t = 2.660, p &lt; 0.01) between timeline (acute/chronic), Change in self-perception subscale between timeline (cyclical) (t = −2.788, p &lt; 0.01) and uncontrollable body factors (t = −1.916, p &lt; 0.05) Change in philosophy of life subscale between external attributions (t = −2.057, p &lt; 0.05) and Change in relationships with others subscale (t = −2.920, p &lt; 0.01) between chance factors. It was found that positive reappraisal (F = 78.290, p &lt; 0.001), self-controlling (F = 39.814, p &lt; 0.001), and distancing (F = 46.311, p &lt; 0.001) were significant predictors of posttraumatic growth total score. Results showed that ways of coping and illness perceptions were essential variables in posttraumatic growth.DiscussionStudies on posttraumatic growth in Turkey and the world have significantly increased in recent years. This study aimed to examine the findings obtained from cancer patients in 2007 in discussion with the findings in the current literature. In this context, it is seen that the relevant variables affecting posttraumatic growth in cancer patients in different cultures do not change.
Association of sodium intake with diabetes in adults without hypertension: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2018
Authors: Ming Li , Wang Duan , Zhu Yong 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundSodium is essential for human health, however the prevalence of various diseases is associated with excessive sodium intake, particularly cardiovascular disorders. However, in most countries, salt intake is much higher than the World Health Organization recommends. Several studies in recent years have revealed that high salt intake is associated with diabetes in the general population, but the association is uncertain in people who do not have hypertension. In this study, we aimed to find out whether high sodium intake increases the risk of diabetes in this particular population.MethodData were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 2009–2018). Participants included adults aged over 20 years old who have undergone the diabetes questionnaire, and the hypertension population was excluded. In order to adjust the confounders, multivariate analysis models were built. Finally, subgroup analysis were conducted to investigate the association between sodium intake and diabetes separately.ResultIn the present study, 7,907 participants are included (3,920 female and 3,987 male), and 512 (6.48%) individuals reported diabetes. The median sodium intake of the participants was 3,341 mg/d (IQR: 2498, 4,364 mg/d). A linear association between sodium intake and the prevalence of diabetes was found (p = 0.003). According to the multivariate analysis models, the odds ratio of diabetes for every 1,000 mg sodium intake increment is 1.20 (OR: 1.20, 95% CI 1.07–1.35). The highest sodium intake quartile was 1.80-fold more likely to have diabetes than the lowest quartile (OR: 1.80, 95% CI 1.17–2.76).ConclusionOur results suggest that higher sodium intake is associated with an increased risk of diabetes in the population without hypertension, and for every 1,000 mg sodium intake increment, the risk of diabetes increased by 1.20-fold. To sum up, we have provided the clue to the etiology of diabetes and further prospective research is needed to contribute recommendations for the primary prevention of diabetes in the US.
Strengthening adolescents’ critical health literacy and scientific literacy to tackle mis- and dis-information. A feasibility study in Switzerland
Authors: Fiordelli Maddalena , Diviani Nicola , Farina Ramona , Pellicini Paolo , Ghirimoldi Alberto , Rubinelli Sara 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesWe aimed to develop and test the feasibility of a critical health literacy (CHL) and science literacy (SL) training course targeting secondary school students in Switzerland.MethodsUsing a community-based participatory approach, we developed a two-block training program, the first centered on argumentation skills and the second on scientific skills. We combined an ex-cathedra and a flipped-classroom approach, providing students with a deep understanding of CHL and SL concepts and the translational capability of implementing theoretical notions to real case scenarios. The feasibility study was designed as a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experiment. Beyond socio-demographics, questionnaires included measures of CHL, SL, trust in science, and perceived quality of the course.ResultsThe curriculum was feasible and well-accepted by the target groups, teachers, and students. Students convincingly specified their perceived personal benefits associated with a positive change in CHL and SL scores after the training course.ConclusionTraining CHL and SL in secondary school students is feasible and can improve their competencies. Results from present study can inform a large-scale study.
Prevalence of voice handicap among nurses in intensive care units due to occupational noise during pandemic
Authors: Song Ziwei , Lee Pyoung-Jik , Jung HeeJung 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundHealthcare workers have been identified as being at risk of occupational voice disorders. Among them, nurses working in intensive care units (ICUs) are particularly vulnerable due to the risk factors that are associated with their exposure to high levels of noise. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of voice disorders among ICU nurses.MethodsA questionnaire was administered to 100 ICU nurses from four hospitals in China. The questionnaire assessed vocal-related symptoms, perceived voice handicap, frequently heard noise sources, and the quality of communications.ResultsResults indicate that the most frequently reported voice symptoms were ‘voice tiredness’ and ‘voiceless’. Nurses working more than 50 h per week experienced voice symptoms more frequently than nurses working for 40–50 h per week. The median value of the perceived voice handicap score (VHI-30) was 23, indicating mild voice handicap, while 24% of the nurses reported severe voice handicap. Longer working hours and working at patient wards were significantly associated with higher VHI-30 scores. The nurses also reported that the quality of verbal communication with patients and colleagues and voice problems worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic.ConclusionMore than 20% of nurses reported severe voice handicap, however, voice handicap among ICU nurses did not appear universally to all nurses. Further research is necessary to identify the risk factors associated with voice disorders and the mechanism behind such heterogeneity among ICU nurses.
PENGARUH TEKNIK MASSAGE COUNTER PRESSURE TERHADAP PENGURANGAN RASA NYERI PERSALINAN KALA I
Authors: Hairunisyah Rika , Jamila Jamila , Setiawati Setiawati 
Published: September 2023

Nyeri persalinan pada wanita primipara lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan multipara. Saat ini sudah banyak teknik non farmakologi yang dikembangkan untuk mengatasi nyeri salah satunya adalah counterpressure. Namun demikian efeknya masih perlu diteliti lebih lanjut. Kebaruan penelitian karena menganalisis pengaruh teknik massage counter pressure terhadap pengurangan nyeri persalinan kala I pada Ibu bersalin. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh teknik massage counter pressure terhadap pengurangan nyeri persalinan kala I pada Ibu bersalin di Wilayah Praktik Mandiri Bidan (PMB) Yuniarti Muara Enim. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain Quasi Eksperimen dengan pendekatan Pretest-Posttest with Control Group. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 60 sampel dengan 30 kelompok kontrol dan 30 kelompok intervensi. Pengukuran nyeri menggunakan Numeric Rating Scale. Uji statistic yang digunakan yaitu uji T Independent Test. Hasil penelitian didapatkan rata-rata penurunan nyeri persalinan kala I pada kelompok kontrol lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan penurunan nyeri pada kelompok intervensi yaitu -0,93 (1,46):-2,00 (1,23). Hasil uji statistic menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan bermakna penurunan nyeri persalinan pada kedua kelompok (P-value=0,003) yang berarti bahwa teknik massage counter pressure berpengaruh terhadap pengurangan nyeri persalinan kala I pada Ibu bersalin. Kesimpulannya yaitu terdapat pengaruh teknik massage counter pressure terhadap pengurangan nyeri persalinan kala I pada Ibu bersalin.
Repair Schemes of Rack-Aware Reed-Solomon Codes: Providing A Tradeoff Between the Sub-Packetization Size and the Cross-Rack Repair Bandwidth
Authors: Lin Xing 
Published: September 2023

<p>In practical data centers, storage nodes are grouped and distributed in different racks, where the communication cost across racks is much more expensive than that within rack. The concept of rack-aware maximum distance separable (MDS) codes has been put forward in recent literatures to deal with rack architecture. In this paper, the cross-rack repair bandwidth and sub-packetization size of rack-aware Reed-Solomon (RS) codes are studied. Cross-rack repair bandwidth is defined as the amount of information transmitted between the racks in the repair process of a failed node. RS codes can be regarded as polynomials over a finite field $GF(q^t)$ evaluated at a set of points, where $t$ is referred to as the sub-packetization size. Smaller cross-rack repair bandwidth decreases the network usage in data centers, and smaller sub-packetization size is conducive to the implementation of RS code with lower complexity. Previous RS codes that reach the rack-aware cut-set bound on cross-rack repair bandwidth either have sub-packetization size exponential in the code length or require strictly limited parameter conditions.</p>
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<p>In this paper, the lower bound on the cross-rack repair bandwidth related to sub-packetization size for rack-aware RS codes is given, which is asymptotically reachable under some parameters, and three repair schemes of rack-aware RS codes which provide a tradeoff between the sub-packetization size and the cross-rack repair bandwidth are shown.</p>
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Sensor Capsules with Augmented Reality Integration
Authors: Somayajula Chinmay , Somayajula Nagesh 
Published: September 2023

<p>This study introduces a groundbreaking idea: using swallowable sensor capsules with augmented reality (AR) to conduct real-time, high-resolution examinations of the human body. These capsules, ingested like pills, transmit data as they pass through the body. Physicians can then use AR headsets to view this data as a 3D model of the organ or tissue being examined, along with sensor readings and a miniature endoscopic view. While there are technical challenges to overcome, this innovation has the potential to revolutionize non-invasive examinations of the digestive tract and internal cavities, improving the diagnosis of conditions like inflammation, infections, and cancers. With further technological development, swallowable sensor capsules with AR integration could become a valuable complement to traditional medical imaging methods, offering dynamic 3D visualizations of the body's inner workings. </p>
Physics-Based Trajectory Design for Cellular-Connected UAV in Rainy Environments Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Qin Hao , Wu Zhaozhou , Zhang Xingqi 
Published: September 2023

<p>Cellular-connected unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have gained increasing attention due to their potential to enhance conventional UAV capabilities by leveraging existing cellular infrastructure for reliable communications between UAVs and base stations. They have been used for various applications, including weather forecasting and search and rescue operations. However, under extreme weather conditions such as rainfall, it is challenging for the trajectory design of cellular UAVs, due to weak coverage regions in the sky, limitations of UAV flying time, and signal attenuation caused by raindrops. To this end, this paper proposes a physics-based trajectory design approach for cellular-connected UAVs in rainy environments. A physics-based electromagnetic simulator is utilized to take into account detailed environment information and the impact of rain on radio wave propagation. The trajectory optimization problem is formulated to jointly consider UAV flying time and signal-to-interference ratio, and is solved through a Markov decision process using deep reinforcement learning algorithms based on multi-step learning and double Q-learning. Optimal UAV trajectories are compared in examples with homogeneous atmosphere medium and rain medium. Additionally, a thorough study of varying weather conditions on trajectory design is provided, and the impact of weight coefficients in the problem formulation is discussed. The proposed approach has demonstrated great potential for UAV trajectory design under rainy weather conditions. </p>
PAMeT-SNN: Predictive Associative Memory for Multiple Time Series based on Spiking Neural Networks with Case Studies in Economics and Finance
Authors: AbouHassan Iman , Kasabov Nikola , Bankar Tanmay , Garg Rishabh , Sen Bhattacharya Basabdatta 
Published: September 2023

<p> This paper offers for the first time a novel method for creating Predictive Associative Memories of Time series (PAMeT), where a full set of time series variables is used to create a machine learning predictive model (global learning), and afterward, only a few temporal variables are used at a shorter time to recall the model on new data (local recall). Inspired by human brain processes, PAMeT-SNN leverages the brain-inspired SNN NeuCube and the concept of spatio-temporal associative memories (STAM). PAMeT-SNN is a 4-dimensional spatio-temporal structure. First, it encodes time series data into spike sequences that reflects on the changes in the data over time and then maps the temporal variables into the SNN using temporal similarity to define the spatial locations of the variables in the SNN. It then learns temporal associations between a full set of time series variables, thereby memorizing these temporal associations as spatio-temporal connections between neurons. These connections are activated when only part of the time series data is used to recall the model on new data. The proposed groundbreaking method is exemplified with PAMeT-SNN for predictive modeling on two distinct case study time series data sets: trade dynamics and commodity prices. In these case studies, the method effectively captures the intricate data dynamics, enabling accurate forecasting of future values using a minimal set of variables. The method has the potential to be applied in diverse domains. </p>
A New Repair-Efficient Piggybacking Design for Systematic Nodes
Authors: Lin Xing 
Published: September 2023

<p>Due to the advantage of providing maximum data reliability at a given storage cost, $(k+r,k)$ maximum distance separable (MDS) array codes, in which all data symbols can be obtained by any $k$ of $k+r$ nodes, are extensively used in distributed storage systems. $(k+r,k,\alpha)$ piggybacking codes, which are a particular kind of $(k+r,k)$ MDS array codes, reaches low repair bandwidth for a failed single node and possesses small sub-packetization level $\alpha$. In this paper, by dividing the table formed by some instances of base MDS code into regions and carefully adding the data symbols in some regions as piggybacks to the parity symbols in some other regions, we design a new piggybacking code which has higher repair efficiency than the existing piggybacking codes in repairing each systematic node, where a node is said to be systematic if it keeps portions of the raw message in reserve without encoding. The sub-packetization level is roughly equal to 2 times the number $r$ of parity nodes when the new piggybacking code attains the highest repair efficiency.</p>
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