bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring stigma associated with hepatitis B virus infection in Sierra Leone: Validation of an abridged Berger HIV stigma scale
Authors: Yendewa George A. , Sellu Edmond J. , Kpaka Rashid A. , James Peter B. , Yendewa Sahr A. , Cummings Peterlyn E. , Babawo Lawrence M. , Massaquoi Samuel P. , Ghazawi Manal , Ocama Ponsiano , Lakoh Sulaiman , Babawo Lawrence S. , Salata Robert A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStigma associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is common in endemic countries; however; instruments are lacking to accurately measure HBV‐related stigma. We therefore aimed to develop and validate a concise instrument for measuring perceived HBV‐related stigma in Sierra Leone. We enrolled 220 people living with HBV (PWHB) aged ≥18 years from August to November 2022. The initial Likert‐scale instrument entailed 12 items adapted from Berger's HIV Stigma Scale. We included four additional items adapted from the USAID indicators for enacted stigma. The proposed scale's psychometric properties were assessed. After item reduction, the final HBV Stigma Scale consisted of 10 items and had good internal consistency (overall Cronbach's α = 0.74), discriminant, and construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis produced a three‐dimensional structure accounting for 59.3% of variance: personalized stigma driven by public attitudes (six items), negative self‐image (two items), and disclosure concerns (two items). Overall, 72.8% of respondents reported perceived HBV‐related stigma (mean score 29.11 ± 4.14) and a similar proportion (73.6%) reported at least one instance of enacted stigma. In assessing criterion‐related validity, perceived HBV‐related stigma correlated strongly with enacted stigma (r = 0.556) and inversely with having family/friends with HBV (r = −0.059). The 10‐item HBV Stigma Scale demonstrated good internal consistency and validity and is suitable for screening for HBV‐related stigma in Sierra Leone. The psychometric properties of the scale can be optimized with item additions/modifications and confirmatory factor analysis. The scale may help in combating stigma as a barrier to achieving HBV global elimination goals.
Evaluation of a rapid immunoassay for bacteriuria in dogs
Authors: Sutter Craig M. , Dear Jonathan D. , Fine Jeffrey R. , Pires Jully , Sykes Jane E. , Segev Gilad , Westropp Jodi L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe ability to detect bacteriuria in dogs with a point‐of‐care test might improve medical care and antimicrobial stewardship.Hypothesis and ObjectiveA rapid immunoassay (RIA; RapidBac) will provide acceptable sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of bacteriuria.AnimalsForty‐four client‐owned dogs with a clinical indication for urinalysis and aerobic bacterial urine culture.MethodsProspective study. Urine, collected by cystocentesis, was submitted for urinalysis and culture at a diagnostic laboratory. Owners completed an enrollment questionnaire regarding their dogs' clinical signs. The RIA was performed according to the manufacturer's guidelines. Results were compared to culture.ResultsForty‐four urine specimens were evaluated from 44 dogs. The sensitivity and specificity of the RIA test to detect bacteriuria compared to urine culture were 81.8% (95% CI, 65.7%‐97.9%) and 95.5% (95% CI, 86.8%‐99.9%), respectively. For cultures yielding ≥103 CFU/mL, sensitivity increased to 90.0% (95% CI, 76.9%‐100%) and specificity was similar at 95.2% (95% CI, 86.1%‐99.9%). Malodorous urine, bacteriuria, and pyuria were more likely to be present in dogs with positive RIA or urine culture results compared to dogs with negative results.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe RIA was easy to perform and had good sensitivity and excellent specificity in this group of dogs. The RIA might be a useful screening test for decision‐making regarding antimicrobial therapy in dogs with a clinical indication for urine culture. Consideration could be given to amending the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Disease definition of bacterial cystitis as the presence of signs of lower urinary tract disease together with positive culture or a positive RIA.
The FLOWERING LOCUS T gene expression is controlled by high‐irradiance response and external coincidence mechanism in long days in Arabidopsis
Authors: Lee Nayoung , Ozaki Yusuke , Hempton Andrew K. , Takagi Hiroshi , Purusuwashi Savita , Song Young Hun , Endo Motomu , Kubota Akane , Imaizumi Takato 
Published: April 2023

Summary

In natural long days, the florigen gene FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) shows a bimodal expression pattern with morning and dusk peaks in Arabidopsis. This pattern differs from the one observed in the laboratory, and little is known about underlying mechanisms. A red : far‐red (R : FR) ratio difference between sunlight and fluorescent light causes this FT pattern mismatch.

We showed that bimodal FT expression patterns were induced in a day longer than 14 h with sunlight R : FR (= c. 1) conditions. By circadian gating experiments, we found that cumulative exposure of R : FR‐adjusted light (R : FR ratio was adjusted to 1 with FR supplement) spanning from the afternoon to the next morning required full induction of FT in the morning. Conversely, only 2 h of R : FR adjustment in the late afternoon was sufficient for FT induction at dusk.

We identified that phytochrome A (phyA) is required for the morning FT expression in response to the R : FR adjustment on the previous day. As a part of this mechanism, we showed that PHYTOCHROME‐INTERACTING FACTOR 7 contributes to FT regulation.

Our results suggest that phyA‐mediated high‐irradiance response and the external coincidence mechanism contribute to morning FT induction under natural long‐day conditions.
Supporting older patients in working on rehabilitation goals: A scoping review of nursing interventions
Authors: Vaalburg Anne Marie , Boersma Petra , Wattel Elizabeth M. , Ket Johannes C. F. , Hertogh Cees M. P. M. , Gobbens Robbert J. J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundNurses are consistently present throughout the rehabilitation of older patients but are apprehensive about performing goal‐centred care in the multidisciplinary team.ObjectivesThe aim of this review was to explore working interventions on setting goals and working with goals designed for nurses in geriatric rehabilitation, and to describe their distinctive features.MethodsWe performed a scoping review. We searched MEDLINE and CINAHL through August 4, 2021. Search terms related to the following themes: nurses, rehabilitation, geriatric, goal and method. We used snowballing to find additional. From the selected studies, we systematically extracted data on means, materials and the nursing role and summarized them in a narrative synthesis, using intervention component analysis.ResultsThe study includes 13 articles, describing 11 interventions which were developed for six different aims: improving multidisciplinary team care; increasing patient centredness; improving disease management by patients; improving the psychological, and emotional rehabilitation; increasing the nursing involvement in rehabilitation; or helping patients to achieve goals. The interventions appeal to four aspects of the nursing profession: assessing self‐care skills incorporating patient's preferences; setting goals with patients, taking into account personal needs and what is medically advisable; linking the needs of the patient with multidisciplinary professional treatment and vice versa; and thus, playing an intermediate role and supporting goal achievement.ConclusionsThe interventions show that in goal‐centred care, the nurse might play an important unifying role between patients and the multidisciplinary team. With the support of nurses, the patient may become more aware of the rehabilitation process and transfer of ownership of treatment goals from the multidisciplinary team to the patient might be achieved. Not many interventions were found meant to support the nursing role. This may indicate a blind spot in the rehabilitation community to the additional value of its contribution.
Comparing the directional effect of number calling on the developmental eye movement test results in Hebrew‐speaking children
Authors: Eichler Rachel , Scheiman Mitchell , Ben‐Eli Hadas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the directional effect of number calling on the developmental eye movement (DEM) test in Hebrew‐speaking children who read from right (R) to left (L). Previously, the DEM has been studied in nine languages, all read from L to R and has never been tested on Hebrew speakers.MethodsHealthy Hebrew‐speaking children, aged 6–13 years were divided into two age groups (6–9, 10–13 years). Children had near visual acuity of 0.00 logMAR or better, no strabismus, stereoacuity ≤100 s of arc and near point of convergence ≤6 cm. The DEM test was performed twice, from R to L and L to R, randomly. Comparisons between age groups for horizontal and vertical reading speed and ratio between reading directions were analysed, as well as the correlation between age and directionality.ResultsA total of 92 children were included; 48 and 44 in the 6–9 and 10–13 year age groups, respectively. The mean vertical and horizontal time for both directions (R to L and L to R) in the younger group was significantly slower than the older group (p < 0.001). The older children showed no significant difference in the horizontal time reading from L to R and R to L. However, the younger children read more quickly in their native direction (R–L; 71.5 ± 25.9 s) compared with L–R (76.0 ± 31.4 s, p = 0.01). In both directions, the ratio was significantly higher in the younger age group. A negative correlation was demonstrated between age and reading ratio (p = 0.001).ConclusionsA clear directional preference of R to L was found in children under 10 years of age. We suggest administering the test from R to L in young Hebrew‐speaking children. These results may also apply to young Arab‐ and Persian‐speaking children who also read from R to L.
Anticipated administrative burdens: How proximity to upcoming compulsory meetings affect welfare recipients' experiences of administrative burden
Authors: Baekgaard Martin , Madsen Jonas Krogh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAdministrative burden research claims that target group members are likely to experience learning, compliance, and psychological costs when interacting with government programs. We argue that the mere anticipation of such interactions may translate into experiences of administrative burden. Utilizing a large‐scale dataset with responses from 2276 Danish social benefit recipients, we estimate how proximity to upcoming compulsory meetings with street‐level bureaucrats—a common condition in means‐tested benefit programs—affect the recipients' experiences of burdens. We find that the shorter the time to future meetings, the more benefit recipients experience stress and stigma, but the less they experience learning costs. The findings suggest that welfare recipient experiences of burden are likely to fluctuate over time and that psychological costs increase as recipients have to make mental and practical preparations for complying with government demands.
Raging better: Reflections on the Myisha Cherry's The Case for Rage
Authors: MacLachlan Alice 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMyisha Cherry's The Case for Rage is a significant addition to the growing body of analytic philosophy that succeeds in not just engaging but shaping and even creating new forms of public discourse. It does so while remaining an exemplar for what good analytic philosophy should look like: filled with systematic and clear distinctions that illuminate rather than obfuscate real and concrete lived phenomena. I offer two challenges to Cherry's typology of rage: first, I rehabilitate two of variations she takes to be morally and politically problematic, and, second, I argue that the freedom to feel, express, and act on Lordean rage proper should be more limited than Cherry allows. I then raise a set of questions about the aesthetics of persuasive anger. Finally, I highlight two striking insights in Cherry's rich argument.
A longitudinal study of exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction and laryngeal obstruction in high school athletes
Authors: Ersson Karin , Mallmin Elisabet , Nordang Leif , Malinovschi Andrei , Johansson Henrik 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundExercise‐induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and exercise‐induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) are common in elite athletes. Knowledge of which factors are related to incident EIB and EILO is limited. The aim of this study was to explore the course of EIB and EILO in adolescent athletes over a 2 years period and baseline characteristics related to incident EIB.MethodsQuestionnaire data on respiratory symptoms, asthma, and aeroallergy and results of objective EIB and EILO tests were collected from 58 participants (27 tested for EILO) at baseline and after 2 years (follow‐up). Associations between incident EIB and baseline asthma‐like symptoms, exercise‐induced symptoms, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), aeroallergy, and sex were assessed using logistic regression models.ResultsTen participants had incident EIB, and eight participants had persistent EIB. Five were EIB positive at baseline but negative at follow‐up, while 35 participants were EIB negative at both time points. Having incident EIB was associated with reporting waking up with chest tightness (OR = 4.38; 95% CI: 1.06, 22.09). Reporting an increased number of asthma‐like symptoms increased the likelihood of incident EIB (OR = 2.78; 95% CI: 1.16, 6.58). No associations were found between exercise‐induced symptoms, FeNO, aeroallergy, or sex and incident EIB. Incident EILO was found in three and persistent EILO in two of the 27 participants tested.ConclusionTwo in nine had incident EIB and one eighth had incident EILO, suggesting that recurrent testing for EIB and EILO may be relevant in young athletes. Particularly, EIB‐negative athletes reporting multiple asthma‐like symptoms could benefit from recurrent EIB testing.
Skin manifestations and submacroscopical features of acromegaly: A case‐control study using dermoscopy and high‐frequency ultrasound
Authors: Wang Yukun , Guo Xiaopeng , Liu Jie , Xing Bing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the cutaneous involvement of acromegaly has been recognized, the submacroscopical skin changes and the extent of skin thickening of patients remain unclear.ObjectivesThis study aimed at investigating the clinical cutaneous manifestations, dermoscopic features, and skin thickness revealed by high‐frequency ultrasound (HFUS) of acromegalic patients.MethodsA case‐control observational study was conducted. Patients with acromegaly and controls were prospectively included and received thorough cutaneous examinations to compare the macroscopical and dermoscopic features. The skin thickness measured by HFUS and its correlation with clinical data were also assessed.ResultsThirty‐seven and 26 patients from acromegalic and control group were included, respectively. Clinical skin manifestations were recorded in detail. Under dermoscopy, red structureless area (91.9% vs. 65.4%, p = 0.021), perifollicular orange halo (78.4% vs. 26.9%, p = 0.005), and follicular plug (70.3% vs. 3.9%, p = 0.001) in the facial area, and perifollicular pigmentation (91.9% vs. 23.1%), broom‐head hairs (83.8% vs. 3.9%), honeycomb‐like pigmentation (97.3% vs. 38.46%), widened dermatoglyphics (81.1% vs. 3.9%) at the extremities (p < 0.001) were more prevalent in acromegaly. The mean skin thickness was 4.10 ± 0.48 mm for acromegaly, and 3.55 ± 0.52 mm for controls (p < 0.001) but no correlation with disease duration, adenoma size, and hormone level was found in acromegaly.ConclusionsSubmacroscopical skin changes under dermoscopy and skin thickness increase assessed by HFUS can provide clinicians with subtle evidences for early detection of acromegaly and objective parameters for accurate assessment of its skin involvement.
Death‐associated protein kinase 3 regulates the myogenic reactivity of cerebral arteries
Authors: Turner Sara R. , Al‐Ghabkari Abdulhameed , Carlson David A. , Chappellaz Mona , Sutherland Cindy , Haystead Timothy A. J. , Cole William C. , MacDonald Justin A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe vascular smooth muscle (VSM) of resistance blood vessels is a target of intrinsic autoregulatory responses to increased intraluminal pressure, the myogenic response. In the brain, the myogenic reactivity of cerebral arteries is critical to homeostatic blood flow regulation. Here we provide the first evidence to link the death‐associated protein kinase 3 (DAPK3) to the myogenic response of rat and human cerebral arteries. DAPK3 is a Ser/Thr kinase involved in Ca2+‐sensitization mechanisms of smooth muscle contraction. Ex vivo administration of a specific DAPK3 inhibitor (i.e., HS38) could attenuate vessel constrictions invoked by serotonin as well as intraluminal pressure elevation. The HS38‐dependent dilatation was not associated with any change in myosin light chain (LC20) phosphorylation. The results suggest that DAPK3 does not regulate Ca2+ sensitization pathways during the myogenic response of cerebral vessels but rather operates to control the actin cytoskeleton. A slow return of myogenic tone was observed during the sustained ex vivo exposure of cerebral arteries to HS38. Recovery of tone was associated with greater LC20 phosphorylation that suggests intrinsic signalling compensation in response to attenuation of DAPK3 activity. Additional experiments with VSM cells revealed HS38‐ and siDAPK‐dependent effects on the actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation status. The translational importance of DAPK3 to the human cerebral vasculature was noted, with robust expression of the protein kinase and significant HS38‐dependent attenuation of myogenic reactivity found for human pial vessels.
The interactive effects of age and sex on the neuro‐cardiovascular responses during fatiguing rhythmic handgrip exercise
Authors: D'Souza Andrew W. , Takeda Ryosuke , Manabe Kazumasa , Hissen Sarah L. , Washio Takuro , Coombs Geoff B. , Sanchez Belinda , Fu Qi , Shoemaker J. Kevin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe impact of age on exercise pressor responses is equivocal, likely because of sex‐specific neuro‐cardiovascular changes with age. However, assessments of the interactive effects of age and sex on muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) responses to exercise are lacking. We tested the hypothesis that older females would exhibit exaggerated increases in blood pressure (BP) and MSNA discharge patterns during handgrip exercise compared with similarly aged males and young adults. Twenty‐five young (25 (2) years; mean (SD)) males (YM; n = 12) and females (YF; n = 13) and 23 older (71 (5) years) males (OM; n = 11) and females (OF; n = 12) underwent assessments of BP, total peripheral resistance (TPR; Modelflow) and MSNA action potential (AP) discharge patterns (microneurography) during incremental rhythmic handgrip exercise and post‐exercise circulatory occlusion (PECO). OM demonstrated larger ∆BP and ∆TPR from baseline than YM (both P < 0.001) despite smaller increases in ∆APs/burst (OM: 0.4 (3) vs. YM: 5 (3) spikes/burst, P < 0.001) and ∆AP clusters/burst (OM: 0.1 (1) vs. YM: 1.8 (1) clusters/burst, P < 0.001) during exercise. Testosterone was lower in OM than YM (P < 0.001) and was inversely related to ∆BP but positively related to ∆AP clusters/burst in males (both P = 0.03). Conversely, YF and OF demonstrated similar ∆BP and ∆AP discharge during exercise (range: P = 0.75–0.96). Age and sex did not impact haemodynamics or AP discharge during PECO (range: P = 0.08‐0.94). Altogether, age‐related changes in neuro‐cardiovascular reactivity exist in males but not females during fatiguing exercise and seem to be related to testosterone. This sex‐specific impact of age underscores the importance of considering biological sex when assessing age‐related changes in neuro‐cardiovascular control during exercise.
imageKey points
Older males have the largest increase in blood pressure despite having the smallest increases in sympathetic vasomotor outflow during rhythmic handgrip exercise.
Young males demonstrate greater increases in sympathetic action potential (AP) discharge compared with young females during rhythmic handgrip exercise.
Older adults (regardless of sex) demonstrate smaller increases in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) burst amplitude and total AP clusters compared with young adults during exercise, as well as smaller increases in integrated MSNA burst frequency, incidence and total MSNA activity during post‐exercise circulatory occlusion (i.e. independent effect of age).
Males, but not females (regardless of age), reflexively modify AP conduction velocity during exercise.
Our results indicate that age and sex independently and interactively impact the neural and cardiovascular homeostatic adjustments to fatiguing small muscle mass exercise.
Bubble Effects on Manufacturing of Silicon Nanowires by Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching
Authors: Lee Pee-Yew , Weng Chun-Jen , Huang Hung Ji , Wu Li-Yan , Lu Guo-Hao , Liu Chao-Feng , Chen Cheng-You , Li Ting-Yu , Lin Yung-Sheng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Micro/nano-textured Si wafers manufactured using metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) have been the focus of several studies, but the mechanism of bubble generation during the MACE process affecting textured surfaces has rarely been reported. This study investigated the bubble effect due to the different placement patterns of the Si wafer (face-up, stirred face-down, and face-down). The results indicated that the placement pattern of the Si wafer notably influences the uniformity of outward appearance. At 2 h of etching, the outward appearance uniformity of face-up etching was more homogeneous than that of stirred face-down and face-down patterns, and the Si nanowires (SiNWs) processed through face-up etching were longer (41 μm) than those subjected to stirred face-down etching (36 μm) and face-down etching (32 μm). Therefore, the placement pattern of Si wafer can affect the uniformity and properties of SiNWs because of bubbles trapped inside cavities or between SiNWs.
Can We Get an Intervention, Please? The Utility of Teaming Interventions on Engineering Design Student Psychological Safety
Authors: Scarpinella Samantha , Cole Courtney , Ritter Sarah , Mohammad Susan , Jablokow Kathryn , Miller Scarlett 
Published: April 2023

AbstractResearch on psychological safety has been growing in recent years due to its role in promoting creativity and innovation since teams with high levels of psychological safety feel safe to express ideas and opinions. However, there is limited evidence in how to facilitate or build it within teams, particularly in an educational context. This paper was developed to respond to this research void by identifying the impact of teaming interventions aimed at improving psychological safety in engineering design student teams. Specifically, we studied two cohorts of students in a cornerstone design class (N = 411 students), one who received a series of video interventions and introduced role playing (intervention) and one who did not (control). These role assignments—referred to as the lenses of psychologically safety—were created to promote key leadership attributes that have been shown to be crucial in facilitating psychologically safe teams. To compare the utility of the intervention, psychological safety was gathered at five key time points of a multi-week design project. The results identified three key findings. First, the interventions were successful in increasing psychological safety in engineering teams. In addition, the results indicated the utility of the lenses of psychological safety throughout the design process. Finally, the results identified that groups who used these lenses had higher perceptions of psychological safety in their teams. Overall, these results indicated that psychological safety can be improved in engineering education through the intervention methods described within.