bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Federal Reserve's output gap: The unreliability of real‐time reliability tests
Authors: Quast Josefine , Wolters Maik H. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryOutput gap revisions can be large even after many years. Real‐time reliability tests might therefore be sensitive to the choice of the final output gap vintage that the real‐time estimates are compared to. This is the case for the Federal Reserve's output gap. When accounting for revisions in response to the global financial crisis in the final output gap, the improvement in real‐time reliability since the mid‐1990s is much smaller than found by Edge and Rudd (Review of Economics and Statistics, 2016, 98(4), 785–791). The negative bias of real‐time estimates from the 1980s has disappeared, but the size of revisions continues to be as large as the output gap itself. We systematically analyse how the real‐time reliability assessment is affected through varying the final output gap vintage. We find that the largest changes are caused by output gap revisions after recessions. Economists revise their models in response to such events, leading to economically important revisions for not only the most recent years but also reaching back up to two decades. This might improve the understanding of past business cycle dynamics but decreases the reliability of real‐time output gaps ex post.
A case of mild encephalitis associated with COVID‐19
Authors: Nagae Kentaro , Haraguchi Mizuki , Sakoh Takashi , Ishida Keiko , Ogura Sho , Katoh‐Morishima Masayo , Araoka Hideki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe report a case of mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) in a 31‐year‐old man. He had been diagnosed with mild COVID‐19 3 days earlier and presented to the emergency department with altered mental status. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a high‐intensity area confined to the splenium of the corpus callosum on diffusion‐weighted imaging, which is consistent with MERS. MERS is characterized by a reversible change in the splenium of the corpus callosum. MERS secondary to COVID‐19 has been reported recently. It is important to consider MERS in COVID‐19 patients with impaired consciousness.
Promoting decanoic acid unveils the transfigure aldehyde carbonyl activation for synthesizing bis(indolyl)methane derivatives
Authors: Merneedi Ravikumar , Singh Mamata , Sinha Pradipta , Anugula Rajender 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe study presents a streamlined procedure for synthesizing bis(indolyl)methane derivatives using decanoic acid as a promoting medium. The reactions involve the addition of 2‐methyl‐1H‐indole with different aromatic aldehydes at room temperature for 24 h. Decanoic acid is effective for enhancing the reactivity of aromatic aldehydes through electrophilic activation. The new synthetic method yields pure compounds without requiring workup and purification. This method avoids metal‐containing catalysts and provides a simple, cost‐effective procedure with excellent yield. It is suitable for large‐scale synthesis and eliminates the use of corrosive acids.
Viscous Aqueous Gel Illustrating Natural Anatomy: The VAGINA method in gynaecological MRI simulation
Authors: Skehan Kate , Richardson Matthew , O'Connor Laura M , Dickson Samuel , Martin Kate , Govindarajulu Geetha , Sridharan Swetha 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAccurately defining gross tumour volume (GTV) and organs at risk (OAR) is key to successful radiation therapy (RT) treatment outcomes for patients with gynaecological cancers. With improved access to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for RT simulation and planning, the optimisation and tailoring of proven diagnostic MRI techniques towards RT specific planning goals is fast evolving. Modifying MRI techniques for radiation oncology (RO) with the priority of anatomy visualisation and spatial location over diagnosis and disease characterisation relies heavily on successful collaboration between radiology and radiation oncology staff. This ‘How I Do It’ paper describes a qualitative analysis of the adaptation of a diagnostic MRI vaginal opacification technique into an RT specific MRI simulation procedure using aqueous ultrasound gel for improving natural anatomical visualisation of the vaginal canal. This technique is explained and could be introduced in other RO departments for dedicated RT planning scans in MR‐Sim sessions with minimal difficulty. We found 10‐15 cc of aqueous gel delivered vaginally produced optimal MRI planning images for most patients. With this small amount of gel and careful application technique, the full extent of the vaginal vault and cervix can be well visualised on T2 Weighted (T2W) imaging, while tending not to unfold the natural fornices of the collapsed vagina, representing a significant improvement in image quality from the outdated tampon procedure.
Travelling overseas for proton beam therapy: A retrospective interview study
Authors: Skelton Kelly , Gorayski Peter , Tee Hui , Anderson Nigel , Le Hien 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionTravelling for cancer treatment comes with unique challenges, particularly for a young patient and his or her family. The aims of this study were to (1) gain an understanding of the experiences of families and patients who travelled overseas (OS) from Australia for proton beam therapy (PBT) and (2) identify the supportive care needs patients and their families require when living away from home, while having PBT.MethodsThis was a retrospective, qualitative study using semi‐structured interviews, conducted with participants aged under 25 years and their families who travelled OS for PBT between 2017 and 2020. Data were analysed using Microsoft Excel Software, where key themes were identified and coded based on their responses. A total of 17 participants were included in interviews from seven Australian families who travelled to America or Europe for PBT.ResultsThe majority of participants reported a lack of coordination with travel and treatment arrangements prior to arrival OS. Families who stayed in hotel accommodation while OS reported greater feelings of isolation compared with those who stayed in share house‐style accommodation. The acuity of cancer diagnosis played a significant part in patient experience, with those patients requiring the greatest amount of supportive care and availability of service provision at stand‐alone centres reporting a lack of appropriate care provision.ConclusionsThis study has identified services, accommodation provisions and care coordination requirements that are largely missing from the travel and treatment experience in patients travelling OS for PBT. Future use of consumer‐led working groups or committees in creating models of care for families travelling for PBT treatment could be advantageous, with many families willing to share their experiences and provide support to others who are travelling for PBT.
Comparative metabolomic analysis and antigenicity comparison of cow milk and enzymatically treated cow milk
Authors: Liang Xiaona , Diao Enjie , Qian Shiquan , Song Huwei , Xiang Xinran , Gou Xiurong , Hu Xiumin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmino acids (AAs) are important protein building blocks that play a critical role in the function of the immune system. However, comprehensive comparative metabolomics and antigenicity analyses of cow milk (CM) and enzymatically treated CM are relatively scarce. This study analyzed the AAs in the CM and Flavourzyme‐treated milk groups (FT), and their antigenicity was also explored.RESULTSOverall, 50 AAs were detected in the CM and FT groups, with 23 significantly different AAs. The interaction network of these significantly different AAs was analyzed, and 34 significantly different metabolic pathways were found to be involved. It was also found that the antigenicity of the FT group was significantly reduced in comparison with that of the CM group.CONCLUSIONThese results enhance our understanding of AAs and antigenicity regarding CM and FT, and provide new ideas and directions for the development of high‐quality hypoallergenic dairy products. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Delayed time to radiation and overall survival in Merkel cell carcinoma
Authors: Ma Kevin L. , Sharon Cimarron E. , Tortorello Gabriella N. , Keele Luke , Lukens John N. , Karakousis Giorgos C. , Miura John T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundClinically localized Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is commonly treated with surgical excision and radiotherapy. The relationship between time to adjuvant radiotherapy and overall survival (OS) remains understudied.MethodsThis retrospective study used data from the National Cancer Database (2006–2019). Patients with clinically localized MCC who received surgical excision and adjuvant radiotherapy were included. Multivariate regressions were used to account for various patient and tumor factors. The primary outcome was 5‐year OS, and the secondary outcome was time from diagnosis to adjuvant radiation (TTR).ResultsOf the 1965 patients included, most were male (n = 1242, 63.2%) and white (n = 1915, 97.5%), and the median age was 74 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 66–81). The median TTR was 83 days (IQR: 65–106). A total of 83.6% of patients received radiotherapy to the primary site, 21.3% to the draining nodal basin, 17.1% to both, and 12.2% whose target location of radiotherapy was not recorded in the data. TTR of ≥79 days (the 45th percentile) was associated with worse OS on both univariate and multivariate analyses (log‐rank p = 0.0014; hazard ratio [HR]: 1.258, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.055–1.500, p = 0.010). This persisted on sub‐analyses of patients <80 years old (n = 1407; HR: 1.380, 95% CI: 1.080–1.764, p = 0.010) and of patients with Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) of 0 (n = 1411; HR: 1.284, 95% CI: 1.034–1.595, p = 0.024). Factors associated with delayed TTR included greater age (p = 0.039), male sex (p = 0.04), CCI > 1 (p = 0.036), academic facility (p < 0.001), rural county (p = 0.034), AJCC T2 stage (p = 0.010), negative margins (p = 0.017), 2+ pathologically positive regional nodes (p = 0.011), and margin size >2 cm (p = 0.015).ConclusionsDelayed radiotherapy (≥79 days) was associated with worse OS of MCC patients. Further study in controlled cohorts is needed to ascertain this relationship.
Stasis dermatitis: A challenging patient journey
Authors: Lebwohl Mark , Kirsner Robert S. , Margolis David J. , Barankin Benjamin , Hashimoto Takashi , Canosa Juliana M. , Cha Amy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStasis dermatitis (SD) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis that typically presents with nonspecific signs and symptoms such as pruritic and xerotic skin, aching legs, and areas of dyspigmentation (red or brown in lighter skin tones and brown, purple, gray, or ashen in darker skin tones). These signs and symptoms are often misdiagnosed as other conditions, such as cellulitis. Moreover, within healthcare systems, SD is often overlooked due to a lack of understanding of the magnitude and impact of the condition, as well as incomplete recognition of the various presenting clinical manifestations. Inadequate or inappropriate management may lead to disease progression, including worsening edema, pain, and itch as well as complications such as venous leg ulcers. When patients do seek medical attention (often upon worsening of the condition), a diagnosis of SD is often challenging because of physician lack of expertise and the plethora of disorders that may manifest similarly to SD. Furthermore, upon diagnosis, evidence‐based treatment options are limited, and adherence to SD treatment regimens is often low. SD significantly impacts patient and caregiver quality of life (QoL), with far‐reaching psychosocial and socioeconomic effects. In this review, we describe the patient journey associated with SD and the challenges associated with diagnosis, the burden of disease and impact on patient QoL, and the unmet needs that remain with current therapeutic options.
Spatio‐temporal trend and mitigation of human–elephant conflict in Xishuangbanna, China
Authors: Li Wenwen , Liu Peng , Yang Nian , Pan Han , Chen Shang , Zhang Li 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWith strict enforcement of the legal protection for Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in China, the elephant population has steadily increased from 146 elephants in 1976 to over 300 elephants in 2023. More elephants occur in highly fragmented and human‐dominated landscapes, resulting in serious human–elephant conflicts (HEC). We investigated the temporal and spatial aspects of HEC in Xishuangbanna Prefecture, China, from 2011‒2015 and 2016‒2020. We analyzed the characteristics of crop raiding, property damage, and human injury and death by elephants. Then, we employed a multi‐model ensemble forecasting framework to perform a risk assessment, and compared the changes in HEC hotspots to explore the factors influencing conflict. Our data revealed that 91,311 HEC compensations were recorded from 2011‒2020 with a total compensation amount of 127.01 million yuan (17.40 million USD), 89.75% of which was crop compensation. Areas of risk in 2011‒2015 and 2016‒2020 were 2,505 km2 and 3,157 km2, respectively, with an increase in area of 26.01%. The HEC risk areas were mainly distributed in nature reserves and surrounding areas, and >65% of the risk areas were located in land‐use types dominated by artificial planting. Distance to farmland, distance to sparse wood, and slope had the greatest relative importance in the risk model evaluation. The mitigation measures that we recommend include strengthening the monitoring system for Asian elephants in areas with current and potential HEC risks; improving compensation mechanisms, such as determining accurate annual premiums, establishing a shared loss compensation mechanism, and ensuring a fair, transparent, and timely compensation process; and proposing habitat conservation measures, such as restoring suitable habitats for Asian elephants, establishing ecological corridors between nature reserves, and creating a nature reserve system based on the Asian Elephant National Park to enhance the habitat of Asian elephants.
Divergent responses of foliar functional traits of understory shrubs to different reforested plantations in southern China
Authors: Mo Qifeng , Liu Yue , Yu Yaohong , Peng Zhongtong , He Zhihang , Tao Yuzhu , Zhou Qing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLeaf functional traits strongly influence plant growth, reproduction, and survival, which are also associated with ecosystem functions. Understory plants are important components of plantation biodiversity. How plantation type affects the performance of different understory shrubs is still poorly understood. In the present study, to address suitable shrub species for the understory management of mature plantations, three common understory species, including Psychotria rubra, Ilex asprella, and Evodia lepta, were selected to investigate the responses of leaf traits to four plantation types (Acacia auriculiformis, Eucalyptus urophylla, Schima superba, and Pinus massoniana). The results showed that the leaf functional traits of understory shrubs were species‐specific among different plantations. The plantation types significantly influenced the specific leaf area (SLA), leaf N:P ratios, chlorophyll, and starch concentrations of these studied shrubs, which may have contributed to the microclimate rather than the soil nitrogen availability originating from different plantations in P‐limited ecosystems. For individual shrubs, I. asprella had higher SLA and chlorophyll contents, indicating that it adapted to shade environment to increase light capture and maintain high light use efficiency. This can help to increase carbon assimilation to cope with the shaded environment. However, the higher starch and nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) in the leaves of I. asprella also suggested that it had greater carbon assimilation and storage. Additionally, the similar performance of the three shrubs was also found in four mature plantations, suggesting that the nature of the understory plants also, to some extent, determined their growth and survival rate in the shade environment. Therefore, I. asprella can adapt well to the shaded environment of restored mature plantations. Thus, we recommend that I. asprella is a suitable and alternative species for understory regeneration in the reforested mature plantations of southern China.
0D Hybrid Cuprous Halide as an Efficient Light Emitter and X‐Ray Scintillator
Authors: Lin Na , Wang Ri‐Cheng , Zhang Shao‐Ya , Lin Zi‐Han , Chen Xing‐Yu , Li Zi‐Ning , Lei Xiao‐Wu , Wang Yu‐Yin , Yue Cheng‐Yang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite the extraordinary X‐ray scintillation performance of three‐dimensional (3D) lead perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs), the serious biotoxicity of Pb2+ and luminescent instability in water remain insurmountable obstacles for their applications in medical imaging. To address these drawbacks, herein, the study demonstrates one new lead‐free zero‐dimensional (0D) hybrid cuprous halide of single‐crystalline [BzTPP]2Cu2I4 (BzTPP = Benzyltriphenylphosphonium) as a satisfactory X‐ray scintillator. [BzTPP]2Cu2I4 displays broadband yellowish‐green light emission with a high photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) of 44.2% and large Stokes shift of 167 nm upon UV light excitation. High PLQY and negligible self‐absorption enable [BzTPP]2Cu2I4 to display impressive scintillation performance excited by X‐ray with a light yield of 27 706 photons MeV‐1 and low detection limit of 0.352 µGy s−1, surpassing typical 3D PNCs. More importantly, [BzTPP]2Cu2I4 represents extraordinary structural and luminescent stability in water for at least one month. The excellent and stable radioluminescence performance as well as solution growth method ensure a [BzTPP]2Cu2I4‐based screen for fine‐resolution X‐ray imaging with potential in radiography and inspection. This work highlights the multiple merits of low‐toxicity and cost, high light yield, and long‐term water‐stability of 0D hybrid cuprous halides as highly desirable X‐ray scintillators.
Does capacity utilization crowd‐out research activity? Cross‐national evidence from firm‐level data
Authors: Faria Joao R. , Goel Rajeev K. , Nelson Michael A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFocusing on a relatively under‐researched aspect, this paper examines the impact of capacity utilization by firms on their propensities to engage in research and development (R&D). Capacity utilization is related to a firm's current operations, while R&D is forward‐looking, related to the generation of new products and processes. Using a simple theoretical model to set up the hypothesis that greater capacity utilization lowers the incentives of firms to engage in research, our empirical research, based on survey data from thousands of firms across scores of nations, supports this hypothesis. Other results point to the importance of firm characteristics, as well as the perceptions about corruption and the informal sector. Some implications for policy are discussed.
Japanese Society of Anxiety and Related Disorders/Japanese Society of Neuropsychopharmacology: Clinical practice guideline for social anxiety disorder (2021)
Authors: Asakura Satoshi , Yoshinaga Naoki , Yamada Hisashi , Fujii Yutaka , Mitsui Nobuyuki , Kanai Yoshihiro , Inoue Takeshi , Shimizu Eiji 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe development of clinical practice guidelines for social anxiety disorder began in March 2018 when the Joint Clinical Practice Guideline Development Committee for Anxiety and Obsessive–Compulsive Disorders was formed by the Japanese Society of Anxiety and Related Disorders and Japanese Society of Neuropsychopharmacology to jointly develop guidelines for anxiety and obsessive–compulsive disorders. Based on the universal concept of evidence‐based medicine, three clinical questions (CQs) about pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy were developed for clinical guidelines for social anxiety disorder, panic disorders, and obsessive–compulsive disorder in accordance with the Minds Manual for Guidelines Development 2017 by the Japan Council for Quality Health Care: CQ1—“What is the recommended pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder in adults?”; CQ2—“What is the recommended psychotherapy (psychological intervention) for social anxiety disorder in adults?”; and CQ3—“What are the recommendations regarding monotherapy and combination therapy for social anxiety disorder in adults in terms of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy (psychological interventions)?” Summarized recommendations for social anxiety disorder in adults are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor for CQ1, cognitive behavioral therapy for CQ2, and there are no recommendations regarding monotherapy and combination therapy for CQ3. These were answered by considering the balance between benefits and harms based on systematic reviews of each. The aim of this brief guideline for the standard‐of‐care (i.e., medical treatment) for social anxiety disorder in adults (18 years and older) was to help “shared decision making,” in which medical professionals, including physicians, and patients share scientific evidence to decide on a course of treatment.
Potential Toxicity of Boric Acid Powder Otic Insufflation
Authors: Smith Samuel H. , Antonelli Patrick J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveBoric acid (BA) powder is commonly used to treat otologic conditions, such as mastoid bowl inflammation and chronic otitis externa. Exposure to 50 mg per day is thought to cause systemic toxicity in humans. Inflamed skin and mucosal surfaces readily absorb BA. The aim of this study was to measure the doses of BA commonly used in clinical otology and alert the otolaryngology community to BA's underappreciated potential source of systemic toxicity.Study DesignProspective, controlled.SettingLaboratory.MethodsBA dose administration was measured by weighing the BA generated by common insufflators: accordion bellows, House‐Sheehy insufflator, DeVilbiss insufflator, and pneumatic powder blower. Manual insufflation was performed with 3 compressions of the bulb. The pneumatic blower was sprayed for 1 second. Measurements were repeated 10 times.ResultsThe DeVilbiss insufflator delivered the lowest mean BA dose, 6.1 mg (SD 3.4, range 2.1‐13.7), followed by the House‐Sheehy 8.9 mg (SD 8.4, range 1.6‐27.8), the pneumatic blower 192.8 mg (SD 38.3, range 150.0‐261.7), and the accordion, 284.1 mg (SD 215.0, range 37.8‐730.8).ConclusionBA dose delivery is highly variable by insufflator type, and doses thought to cause systemic toxicity are commonly generated. Awareness of and further investigation into the potential toxicity of otic administration of BA seems warranted.