bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Groundwater nitrogen concentration changes in an urbanized area of Indonesia over ten years period
Authors: Rusydi A F , Setiawan T , Maria R , Firmansyah F , Damayanti R , Mulyono A , Rahayudin Y , Bakti H , Perdananugraha G M , Carrilo-Rivera J J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Nitrogen in groundwater poses environmental concerns in Bandung Region, Indonesia, due to natural and anthropogenic factors. The predominant component of the region’s aquifer is high-hydraulic-conductivity volcanic rock, one of the natural vital factors that make the aquifer vulnerable to contamination. Another factor is urbanization which has been reported to be an adverse effect of high nitrogen levels in the groundwater, particularly the unconfined system. This study’s objective was to evaluate urbanization’s impact on dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations over a 10-year period, which had not been explained by previous research. The evaluation focused on land-use changes in the southern part of the Bandung Region and their relation to dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in unconfined groundwater. A total of 88 samples were collected in 2009, 2015, and 2018 from three types of land-use: residential, plantations, and paddy fields. From 2009 to 2018, land use changes were visible, with an 8% and 6% increase in urban settlements and rice fields, respectively, and a 15% reduction in plantations. Furthermore, over a decade, agricultural and rice fields substantially impacted the NO3
− levels, contributing approximately 13.2 mg/L and 9.9 mg/L, respectively. In the meantime, the settlement area significantly contributed to the 3.25 mg/L increase in the NH4
+ levels.
Identifying environmental variables in potential flood hazard areas using machine learning approach at Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra
Authors: Handika R , Pratama R A , Ihsan I M , Adhi R P , Sabudin  , Sundari A , Sulistiawan I N , Nugraha Y W 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Meteorological natural disasters are related to climate. Anomaly conditions in warm sea surface temperatures cause the water vapor to overflow into rain-forming clouds, gradually forming high integrated rainfall in some areas of Indonesia. High or extreme rainfall causes a hydro-meteorological disaster in the form of a flood. Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra, has a concave to flat topography, a swamp area with abundant large and small rivers prone to flood disasters. Between 2012 and 2022, the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) recorded 38 locations had been flooded. This study aimed to identify environmental variables that affect the potential flood hazards and areas with a high flood hazard level. This study used a maximum entropy model approach based on machine learning techniques. The model analyzed all the findings in the sample data to produce predictive information on the contributing environmental variables. The sample data was the 38 flood areas with each preliminary fact and topographic characteristic. Threat components were arranged based on environmental variables (aspect, slope, elevation, land cover, rainfall, and distance from the river). The results indicate that contribution of the average rainfall was 58%, elevation was 26.4%, slope angle was 8.6%, slope aspect was 5.8%, land cover was 1%, and river width was 0.1%. Then, the areas with high flood hazard levels were indicated in eight districts, namely Lais, Sekayu, Babat Supat, Keluang, Sungaililin, Lawang Wetan, Babatoman, and Sangadesa.
Application of PeCOD and dichromate methods for the analysis of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the wastewater sample
Authors: Rosmalina R T , Wulan D R , Widyarani  , Hamidah U , Hidayat  , Azman S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is one of the critical environmental parameters in determining the organic matter in water matrices. The conventional dichromate method employs hazardous reagents and heat reflux. In order to reduce hazardous waste, several alternative methods have been proposed to replace the dichromate. The photoelectrochemical COD (PeCOD) method has become a promising one for being less time-consuming, environmentally friendly, and more reliable. To ensure the result, a comparison between PeCOD and dichromate methods should be conducted. In this study, we analyzed the technical features of the PeCOD method, especially for the accuracy in measuring certified reference material (CRM), and identify the advantages and disadvantages of this method. Afterward, we applied both PeCOD and dichromate methods to analyze tofu processing wastewater as a representative of environmental samples. The result showed that PeCOD gave a recovery of 113.1±4.8% whereas the dichromate method gave a recovery of 98.4±1.7%, which indicates that the PeCOD method had lower accuracy than the dichromate method. Meanwhile, the COD concentration of tofu processing wastewater using PeCOD and dichromate methods was 11516±669 mg/L and 9109±680 mg/L, respectively. This difference might be due to overestimation by the PeCOD method, the complex matrix of the wastewater, and chloride interference.
Mercury content in mining waste and its effect on the surrounding environment (Case study: Small-scale gold mining locations-West Sumbawa)
Authors: Garinas W , Hidayaturahman H , Majalis A N 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the content of mercury in the flowing river around small-scale gold mines. Mining wastes from the run of mining are dumped into the watersheds and potentially contaminate the water and sediment in the watershed near the gold mining area. We analyzed the characteristics of the waste and the result was compared with the water quality standards (Environment Minister Decision No.202 of 2004 and Government Regulation No.82 of 2001) and sediment quality standard (the Canadian sediment quality guidelines for the threshold effect level (TEL) and probable effect level (PEL)). We found that wastewater from the gold mining areas was categorized in class IV. The mercury content in the sediment samples did not meet the standards of Canadian sediment quality guidelines for TEL. The content of mercury in the sediment samples from the gold mine site was very high. The sediment mercury samples had been settled for a long time around the watershed. The content of mercury in the mining location indicated that mercury had been contaminating the area around the small-scale gold mining.
Water Quality Data Analysis from the Onlimo Monitoring System at 16 Stations in Priority Watersheds and Lakes
Authors: Yudo S , Wahyono H D , Alhasa K M , Warto  , Zulaikha S , Pandiangan Y S H 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Currently, the decline in the quality of river and lake water continues, for this reason, activities to control pollution and improve river and lake water quality are required. One effort to prevent this problem is to implement online water quality monitoring technology continuously and in real time. The information generated from the water quality monitoring system can be used as a basis for planning watershed management and determining river and lake water management policies at the national and regional levels. The purpose of this activity is to analyze river and lake water quality data and evaluate the performance of the monitoring systems in 16 water quality monitoring stations that have been built. The data being analyzed is from 2016 to 2020 and includes the parameters of temperature, conductivity, TDS, DO, pH, and turbidity. The 16 station locations are spread over the Ciliwung River, Cisadane River, Citarum River, Serayu River, Bengawan Solo River, and Lake Toba. This research method uses descriptive statistical analysis and the STORET method, which refers to the Decree of the Minister of Environment and Forestry Number 115 of 2003 and Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 82 of 2001. The results of this study indicate that most of the rivers monitored fall into the moderate to heavily polluted category, especially the rivers downstream of the Ciliwung, Cisadane, and Bengawan Solo rivers. The results of the analysis of DO, TDS, conductivity, and turbidity parameters from 16 monitoring stations, mostly met the Class II quality standards.
Microplastic occurrence and characteristics in a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Jakarta
Authors: Setiadewi N , Henny C , Rohaningsih D , Waluyo A , Soewondo P 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can act as both a barrier but also as an entrance route for microplastics (MPs) into aquatic environment. This study investigated the first occurrence and characteristics of MPs in Setiabudi Jakarta WWTP. Sampling technique, extraction methods, and quantification as well as characterization of MPs was carried out based on some related previous studies. The results showed that MPs concentration detected in the influent was 17.1 (± 5.65) items/L, and it was reduced to 1.41 (± 0.01) items/L in the effluent, indicating that approximately 91.29% of MPs in raw wastewater was removed during the treatment. Based on the daily effluent discharge, it is estimated that around 352.5 of MPs are released from the WWTP each day. The light microscopic method used for quantification and characterization revealed that MPs was widely distributed in the 100–5000 μm range. The color of MPs in both influent and effluent was mainly composed of white or transparent (35%) and black (17–25.4%). Based on shape category, fibers (68–70.17%) are the dominantly found in two sampling points, followed by fragments (23.68–26.24%), films (0.71–2.9%), microbeads (0.4–1.4%) and foams (1.4–2.8%). Our findings demonstrates that the presence of Setiabudi WWTP can significantly reduce the MPs pollution from raw wastewater, however, MPs discharged into the environment was still considerably high.
Study on properties of rigid polyurethane foam as a thermal building insulator at varied mixing conditions
Authors: Rifathin A , Dara F , Novriadi D , Radini F A , Vicarneltor D N , Burhani D , Sondari D , Septevani A A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The concept of zero-energy building is one of the promising ways to improve energy efficiency, resulting in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The use of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) has been widely used as insulation material in building panels because of its excellent properties including light-weight, durability, and lower thermal conductivity. This study aimed to determine the effect of mixing conditions on the production of RPUF at varied mixing speeds (300, 500, 1000 rpm) corresponding to its density, mechanical, and insulation properties. It was observed that the well-defined physical structure of RPUF was obtained at the minimum mixing speed of 500 rpm. The foam density changed with the increasing mixing speed, from 39.8 kg/m3 at 500 rpm to 51.30 kg/m3 at 1000 rpm. This might be because of the possible loss of the blowing agent due to excessive mixing speed as noted by the constrained foam expansion and the shorter time for the free-rise process. The thermal insulation property of obtained RPUF was significantly lower than that of conventional building materials like concrete. This research is one of the key technologies to reduce the energy consumption for heating-cooling buildings and thus create a potential strategy for climate change mitigation.
Analysis of net-zero emission index for several areas in Indonesia using individual carbon footprint and land use covered
Authors: Mawardi M I , Winanti W S , Sudinda T W , Amru K , Saraswati A A , Sachoemar S I , Arifin Z , Alimin A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The issue of global warming continues to be a concern for the international world. One of the causes of global warming is the greenhouse gas (GHG) effect caused by an increase in the amount of emissions in the atmosphere. Indonesia has set targets for reducing GHG emissions in the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) by 31.89% on its own capability and 43.20% with international assistance in 2030. Therefore, to support the program, it is necessary to conduct research to inventory the emissions produced and emissions absorbed by each region in Indonesia. This study calculated the net-zero emission index in an area by comparing the value of carbon emission with the value of carbon sequestration based on land cover in an area. Regional emission data was obtained from Aksara Bappenas, while regional sequestration data was obtained from RAD-GRK and satellite imagery interpretation based on land cover. Meanwhile, to calculate emissions at the city/regency level, individual carbon footprint data was used and converted into city/regency emission data. The calculation of the carbon index was carried out nationally in all provinces of Indonesia. Several provinces were further tested as examples to determine sequestration based on land cover from imagery interpretation. The results show that the Indonesian net-zero emission index is lower than 1, but some provinces with dense populations have a net-zero emission index >1, namely: DKI Jakarta, DI Yogyakarta, North Sumatra, and Riau.
Exploring household flood resilience index using composite indicator method
Authors: Santosa B H 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
During a flood event, flood-affected households need adequate flood resilience. The efforts to increase household flood resilience require an adequate understanding of the factors affecting household flood resilience. This study aimed to explore the factors influencing household flood resilience in three flood-affected sub-districts in Tangerang City, Indonesia. The composite indicator method was applied to process data on economic, home environment, social capital, institutional, communication and information, and flood risk perception, using questionnaire data from 354 flood-affected households as respondents and in-depth interviews with local leaders. The results showed that the composite indicator method worked well for measuring the household flood resilience index (HFRI); in the Gembor sub-district, HFRI was 2.88; in Gebang Raya, it was 3.12; and in Periuk, it was 3.03. Analysis based on economic conditions, flood depth, period of residence, and flood risk perception also showed variations in HFRI, which could determine methods to increase household flood resilience. In conclusion, the composite indicator method is an adequate tool to measure flood resilience despite it being an abstract object. Furthermore, the local government can use the HFRI to develop planning efforts to increase household flood resilience based on influencing factors.
The effect of teak plantation growth on air temperature and oxygen level in green open spaces of the Research and Innovation Department of Perhutani Forestry Institute (PeFI)
Authors: Abdillah E , Muharyani N , Abror E M A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Urban land utilization for urban facilities construction continues to grow and impact the urban heat island making the city uncomfortable. Green open space (GOS) is a space within a city with its function in ecological, social, economic, and architectural functions. The purpose of the research was to determine the characteristics of GOS and the effect of teak plantation growth on air temperature and oxygen (O2) levels. The research was conducted from May to November 2021 using an observational design with a purposive sampling technique, considering the variations in measured variables: number of trees, daily climate, micro-climate difference, O2 level, and wind speed. The research analysis used a descriptive study approach relevant to the observed conditions. The teak arboretum and teak hedge orchard were the GOS at the Perhutani Forestry Institute (PeFI). Arboretum had a lower temperature and higher humidity than teak hedge orchard, making the arboretum in the cool-climate category with an ideal temperature of 26.9° C and dry humidity category. This means that the PeFi office was categorized as comfortable. The oxygen levels in PeFI were between 20.9 to 21.1%, meaning that the oxygen in the PeFI environment is highly available with the presence of GOS from the observed sites.
Uptake and translocation of lead and cadmium in wild-found plant species from Bekasi and Karawang, West Java, for phytoremediation
Authors: Davis L M M , Hidayati N , Firdaus A M , Talib C , Rini D S , Juhaeti T , Syarif F , Gunawan I 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Environmental degradation due to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) pollution has been increasing. One of the alternative cost-effective green technologies to clean up heavy metal contamination is phytoremediation. This research aims to determine the potential of wild-found plants that could be used as Pb and Cd bioaccumulators. Plant species in this study were collected from heavy metal-contaminated soil in Bekasi and Karawang, West Java. Five species, namely Saccharum spontaneum, Acorus calamus, Ipomoea fistulosa, Ludwigia hyssopifolia, and Eichhornia crassipes, were studied for Pb accumulation capacity. Furthermore, five plant species, namely Limnocharis flava, Colocasia esculenta, Ipomoea fistulosa, Commelina benghalensis, and Eichhornia crassipes, were studied for their Cd accumulation capacity. The experiment was done in a greenhouse for eight weeks. Pb and Cd concentration were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) to determine the uptake and translocation of Pb or Cd. I. fistulosa accumulated the highest amount of Pb, with a growth rate of up to 27.07 g week−1, a bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 1.46, and a translocation factor (TF) of 0.87 upon 300 mg kg−1 Pb treatment. C. esculenta showed considerable Cd bioaccumulation, as indicated by a BCF of 0.95 and a TF of 0.65, accompanied by sustained relative biomass increase (124.9%) and the highest growth rate (36.96 g week−1) among tested plant species upon 75 mg kg−1 Cd treatment. With their capacities for bioaccumulating Pb and Cd, respectively, I. fistulosa and C. esculenta were identified as potential accumulator species for phytoremediation in heavy metal-contaminated sites such as former mining lands, landfills, and highly polluted agricultural lands.
Production of nanocellulose using controlled acid hydrolysis from large-scale production of micro-fibrillated cellulose derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches
Authors: Yurid F , Handayani A S , Maturbongs F D , Irawan Y , Sampora Y , Devy Y A , Septiyanti M , Ramdani D , Supriadi E , Amin K N M , Septevani A A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Nanocellulose is generally known as a versatile material, which is suitable for various applications due to its unique physicochemical properties, including light weight, ease of tunable surface functionalization, and excellent mechanical properties. This research aims to characterize and synthesize nanocellulose produced from acid hydrolysis of large-scaled micro-fibrillated cellulose (MFC) derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches by varying concentrations of H2SO4 from 20 to 35 v/v %. The obtained large-scaled MFC had a density of 1.01 kg/m3 and was dominantly composed of 71% cellulose. After acid hydrolysis of MFC, there were gradual changes in the colour of the obtained cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) dispersion from light white to a darker color with the increase of acid concentration, in which the over hydrolysis occurs at 35% of acid concentration. The use of 25-30% H2SO4 showed the optimum condition to avoid over-hydrolysis and resulted in bright white color of CNC dispersion with excellent stability at zeta potential value of -74.2±0.1 to -88.4±0.2 mV. It was supported by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) due to the presence of negatively charged sulfonyl and hydroxyl groups upon CNC formation to offer excellent dispersion stability. Based on transmission electron microscope (TEM), rod-like shape CNC with a low aspect ratio of 11.8 at the dimension of 12.8 ± 6.7 nm in width and 151.9 ± 38.3 nm in length was successfully produced. Based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the crystallinity of the sample was 76%.
Irradiation time dependent of the ZnO/GO composite formation on the photodegradation of Rhodamine B
Authors: Ezra  , Krismastuti F S H , Arutanti O , Aryana N , Hardiansyah A , Nugroho A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Rhodamine B (Rh B) is one of the dyes used in the dyeing of paints, acrylic, and fabrics as well as biological products. A high concentration of Rh B is highly toxic and dangerous to living organisms when directly discharged into water. Therefore, in this study, the degradation of Rh B in water by zinc oxide/graphene oxide (ZnO/GO) composite was investigated. The zinc oxide (ZnO) was recovered from zinc ash, waste from galvanization industries, by acid leaching process using hydrochloric acid (HCl), while the graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by modified Hummers method. The nanocomposite of ZnO/GO was synthesized using microwave irradiation and characterized by means of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The effect of irradiation time during ZnO/GO nanocomposite formation on the photocatalysis activity of the ZnO/GO in degrading Rhodamine B under UV rays was studied. The irradiation time was varied for 6, 8, and 10 minutes. The characterization results confirm that ZnO, GO, and ZnO/GO have been successfully synthesized. The ZnO/GO nanocomposite was also responsive to UV rays and able to degrade Rh B, as one of the examples of water pollutants. The highest degradation of Rhodamine B is achieved by the ZnO/GO nanocomposite prepared at 10 minutes of irradiation. The results of this study demonstrate that microwave irradiation time affects the ability of the nanocomposite to degrade Rhodamine B.
Green Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticle-Decorated MgO Microspheres by Curcuma xantorrizha Extract and Its Potential Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Purwajanti S , Nida V , Labanni A , Bahua H , Pongtuluran O B 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Water pollution caused by bacteria is a significant global environmental issue that can pose serious risks to public health and ecological systems. Developing high-activity antibacterial agents is therefore crucial. This study describes the eco-friendly synthesis of Ag nanoparticle-decorated MgO microspheres, using C. xanthorrhiza extract as a reducing agent, without the use of stabilizers or surfactants. The Ag nanoparticles immobilized on the MgO microsphere support were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The Ag/MgO microspheres exhibited antibacterial properties against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The findings suggest that Ag nanoparticle-decorated MgO microspheres could be a promising alternative for treating bacteria-contaminated wastewater, owing to their ease of preparation, low cost, environmentally friendly nature, and high antibacterial activity.