bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing and characterizing the mechanisms of biological phosphorus removal at the Great Lakes Water Authority (GLWA) water resource recovery facility (WRRF)
Authors: Jun Changyoon , Norton John , Khan Majid , Wiley Catherine , Busch Andrea , Daigger Glen T. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated that biological phosphorus removal (bio‐P) occurs in the Great Lakes Water Authority (GLWA) water resource recovery facility (WRRF) high purity oxygen activated sludge (HPO‐AS) process, suggesting that sludge fermentation in the secondary clarifier sludge blanket is key to bio‐P occurrence. This study, combining batch reactor testing, the development of a process model for the HPO‐AS process using Sumo21 (Dynamita), and the analysis of eight and a half years of plant operating data, showed that bio‐P consistently occurs at the GLWA WRRF. This occurrence is attributed to the unique configuration of the HPO‐AS process, which has a relatively large secondary clarifier compared to the bioreactor, and the characteristics of the influent wastewater, primarily particulate matter with limited concentrations of dissolved biodegradable organic matter. The volatile fatty acids (VFAs) needed for polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) growth are produced in the secondary clarifier sludge blanket, which provides more than four times the anaerobic biomass inventory compared to the anaerobic zones in the bioreactor, thus facilitating bio‐P in the current system. Opportunities exist to further optimize the phosphorus removal performance of the HPO‐AS process and reduce the amount of ferric chloride used. These findings may be of interest to researchers investigating biological phosphorus removal in similar systems.Practitioner Points
Fermentation in the clarifier sludge blanket an essential component of bio‐P process at this facility.
Results suggest simple adjustments to the system could lead to further improvements in bio‐P.
It is possible to decrease the use of chemical phosphorus removal methods (i.e., ferric chloride) while simultaneously increasing bio‐P.
Determining the phosphorus mass balance from sludge streams provides insight into evaluating the effectiveness of the phosphorus recovery system.
The inverse Mellin transform via analytic continuation
Authors: Behring A. , Blümlein J. , Schönwald K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe present a method to calculate thex-space expressions of massless or massive operator matrix elements in QCD and QED containing local composite operator insertions, depending on the discrete Mellin indexN, directly, without computing the Mellin-space expressions in explicit form analytically. HereNbelongs either to the even or odd positive integers. The method is based on the resummation of the operators into effective propagators and relies on an analytic continuation between two continuous variables. We apply it to iterated integrals as well as to the more general case of iterated non-iterative integrals, generalizing the former ones. Thex-space expressions are needed to derive the small-xbehaviour of the respective quantities, which usually cannot be accessed inN-space. We illustrate the method for different (iterated) alphabets, including non-iterative2F1and elliptic structures, as examples. These structures occur in different massless and massive three-loop calculations. Likewise the method applies even to the analytic closed form solutions of more general cases of differential equations which do not factorize into first-order factors.
A general algorithm to build real-radiation antenna functions for higher-order calculations
Authors: Braun-White Oscar , Glover Nigel , Preuss Christian T 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The antenna subtraction method has been successfully applied to a wide range of processes relevant for the Large Hadron Collider at next-to-next-to-leading order in αs (NNLO). We propose an algorithm for building antenna functions for any number of real emissions from an identified pair of hard radiator partons directly from a specified list of unresolved limits. We use the algorithm to explicitly build all single- and double-real QCD antenna functions and compare them to the previous antenna functions, which were extracted from matrix elements. The improved antenna functions should be more easily applicable to NNLO subtraction terms. Finally, we match the integration of the antenna functions over the final-final unresolved phase space to the previous incarnation, serving as an independent check on our results.
CP violation in a model with Higgs triplets
Authors: Chen Ting-Kuo , Chiang Cheng-Wei , Yagyu Kei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We discuss CP-violation in a model with a real and a complex isospin triplet Higgs fields without introducing any symmetries except for the electroweak gauge symmetry. This corresponds to the minimal extension of the Higgs sector with the following properties: (i) providing new source of CP violation, (ii) absence of quark flavor changing neutral currents at tree level, and (iii) enabling the electroweak rho parameter to be unity at tree level in the scenario without imposing any new symmetries. Our model can be regarded as the generalized version of the Georgi-Machacek model, in which the global SU(2)L × SU(2)R symmetry is explicitly broken due to CP-violating terms in the potential. We present analytic formulas for theoretical constraints from perturbative unitarity and vacuum stability as well as contributions to the electron electric dipole moment (EDM) and the neutron EDM from all the Barr-Zee type diagrams. We then examine the parameter space allowed by the constraints mentioned above and also those from the uniqueness of the vacuum, measurements at Tevatron and LHC by using HEPfit to perform a global parameter fit. We find that the decays of the two lightest extra neutral (singly-charged) scalars, H1 and $$ {H}_2\left({H}_1^{\pm}\right) $$

H
2

H
1
±

, into hZ (WZ) can be significant at the same time under the constraints, which can serve as direct evidence of CP violation in our model, but not from models with multi-doublet extensions.
Comparative evaluation of different debonding and reconditioning methods for orthodontic ceramic brackets regarding effectiveness for reuse
Authors: Grosch Katharina , Meister Jörg , Raval Sanjay D. , Fouda Ahmed Mahmoud , Bourauel Christoph 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Purpose
To investigate the reusability of ceramic brackets in terms of shear bond strength, friction behavior, slot dimension, fracture strength, and color stability.

Methods
A total of 90 conventionally debonded and 30 by an Er:YAG laser debonded ceramic brackets were collected. All the used brackets were inspected under a stereomicroscope at 18 × magnification and sorted according to their adhesive remnant index (ARI). Five groups were formed (n = 10): (1) new brackets as a control group, (2) flamed and sandblasted, (3) flamed and acid bathed, (4) laser-reconditioned, and (5) laser-debonded brackets. The bracket groups were tested regarding different properties such as shear bond strength, friction behavior, slot size, fracture strength, and color stability. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis tests were used for statistical analysis (significance level: p < 0.05).

Results
Shear bond strength values of the acid reconditioned brackets were significantly lower (8.0 ± 3.1 MPa) compared to the control group (12.9 ± 2.9 MPa). Laser-reconditioned (32.8 ± 2.7%) and laser-debonded (30.9 ± 2.4%) brackets showed the lowest force loss due to friction (control group 38.3 ± 3.0%). No significant differences were observed between groups regarding slot size and fracture strength. All groups had color differences of

$${\Updelta E}_{ab}^{\mathrm{*}}$$

∆
E

a
b

*

< 10. Scanning electron microscope images and ARI scores indicated that most of the residues on the bracket bases were removed.

Conclusion
All reconditioning methods yielded adequate results regarding bracket properties. Yet, focusing on the need to protect the enamel and the bracket base, laser debonding seems to be the most suitable method for reconditioning ceramic brackets.
Patterns of computed tomography utilisation in injury management: latent classes approach using linked administrative data in Western Australia
Authors: Ha Ninh T. , Harris Mark , Bulsara Max , Doust Jenny , Kamarova Sviatlana , McRobbie Donald , O’Leary Peter , Parizel Paul M. , Slavotinek John , Wright Cameron , Youens David , Moorin Rachael 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Whilst computed tomography (CT) imaging has been a vital component of injury management, its increasing use has raised concern regarding ionising radiation exposure. This study aims to identify latent classes (underlying patterns) of CT use over a 3-year period following the incidence of injury and factors predicting the observed patterns.

Method
A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted in 21,544 individuals aged 18 + years presenting to emergency departments (ED) of four tertiary public hospitals with new injury in Western Australia. Mixture modelling approach was used to identify latent classes of CT use over a 3-year period post injury.

Results
Amongst injured people with at least one CT scan, three latent classes of CT use were identified including a: temporarily high CT use (46.4%); consistently high CT use (2.6%); and low CT use class (51.1%). Being 65 + years or older, having 3 + comorbidities, history with 3 + hospitalisations and history of CT use before injury were associated with consistently high use of CT. Injury to the head, neck, thorax or abdomen, being admitted to hospital after the injury and arriving to ED by ambulance were predictors for the temporarily high use class. Living in areas of higher socio-economic disadvantage was a unique factor associated with the low CT use class.

Conclusions
Instead of assuming a single pattern of CT use for all patients with injury, the advanced latent class modelling approach has provided more nuanced understanding of the underlying patterns of CT use that may be useful for developing targeted interventions.
Validierung innerklinischer Sichtungsalgorithmen für den Massenanfall von Verletzten – eine simulationsbasierte Studie – deutsche Version
Authors: Heller Axel R. , Neidel Tobias , Klotz Patrick J. , Solarek André , Kowalzik Barbara , Juncken Kathleen , Kleber Christan 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die situationsbedingte Verknappung medizinischer Ressourcen endet bei einem Massenanfall von Verletzen (MANV) lageabhängig nicht mit dem Abtransport der Patienten von der Einsatzstelle. Folglich ist in den aufnehmenden Kliniken eine Eingangssichtung erforderlich. Ziel dieser Studie war es im ersten Schritt einen Referenz‐Patientenvignettensatz mit definierten Sichtungskategorien zu erstellen. Dies erlaubte im zweiten Schritt, die rechnergestützte Evaluation der diagnostischen Güte klinischer Sichtungsalgorithmen für MANV-Lagen.

Methodik
In einen mehrstufigen Bewertungsprozess durch zunächst sechs, später 36 Sichtungsexperten gingen 250 in der Übungspraxis validierte Fallvignetten ein. Diese Algorithmen – unabhängige Expertenbewertung aller Vignetten – dienten als Goldstandard für die Analyse der diagnostischen Güte der folgenden innerklinischen Algorithmen: Manchester Triage System (MTS Modul MANV), Emergency severity Index (ESI), Berliner Sichtungsalgorithmus (BER), die prähospitalen Algorithmen PRIOR und mSTaRT, sowie zwei Projektalgorithmen aus einer Kooperation des Bundesamts für Bevölkerungsschutz und Katastrophenhilfe (BBK) mit dem Haschemitischen Königreich Jordanien – innerklinischer jordanisch-deutscher Projektalgorithmus (JorD) und prähospitaler Sichtungsalgorithmus (PETRA).
Jede Patientenvignette durchlief computergestützt eine Sichtung durch alle angegeben Algorithmen, um vergleichend die Testgüte für alle Verfahren zu erheben.

Ergebnisse
Von den ursprünglich 250 Vignetten konnte eine Sichtungsreferenzdatenbank mit 210 Patientenvignetten algorithmenunabhängig validiert werden. Diese bildeten den Goldstandard für den Vergleich der analysierten Sichtungsalgorithmen. Die Sensitivitäten für die innerklinische Detektion von Patienten der Sichtungskategorie I lagen zwischen 1,0 (BER, JorD, PRIOR) und 0,57 (MANV-Modul MTS). Die Spezifitäten lagen zwischen 0,99 (MTS und PETRA) und 0,67 (PRIOR). Gemessen am Youden-Index ergab sich bei BER (0,89) und JorD (0,88) die beste Gesamtperformance für die Detektion von Patienten der Sichtungskategorie I. Eine Übertriage ist am ehesten bei PRIOR, eine Untertriage beim MANV-Modul von MTS zu erwarten. Bis zum Entscheid SK I benötigen die Algorithmen folgende Schrittanzahlen (Median [IQR]): ESI 1 [1–2]; JorD 1 [1–4]; PRIOR 3 [2–4]; BER 3 [2–6]; mSTaRT 3 [3–5]; MTS 4 [4–5]; PETRA 6 [6–8]. Für die SK II und III besteht ein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen der Schrittanzahl bis zum Entscheid und der Testgüte.

Schlussfolgerung
In der vorliegenden Studie konnte eine Übertragbarkeit prähospitaler algorithmenbasierter Vorsichtungsergebnisse auf die Ergebnisse klinischer Algorithmen gezeigt werden. Die höchste diagnostische Güte für die innerklinischen Sichtung lieferten BER und JorD, die allerdings auch die meisten Algorithmusschritte bis zum Entscheid benötigen.
Das biopsychosoziale Verständnis von Gesundheitsstörungen und Beeinträchtigungen bei Kindern mit Fokus auf entwicklungsneurologische Zusammenhänge
Authors: Thyen Ute , Spiegler Juliane , Konrad Kerstin 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Unterscheidung von mentalen (geistigen und psychischen) und körperlichen Gesundheitsstörungen ist aufgrund der Besonderheiten der neurobiologischen Entwicklung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen besonders schwierig. In diesem Übersichtartikel werden zunächst die entwicklungsneurologischen Grundlagen kurz beschrieben. Anhand einiger angeborener oder früh erworbener neurologischer Erkrankungen wird dann aufgezeigt, in welch unterschiedlichem Maß dabei auch mentale Prozesse beeinträchtigt sein können, auch in Wechselwirkungen mit den sozialen Kontextfaktoren. Die Berücksichtigung dieser Aspekte spielt bei der kind- und familienorientierten Beratung und Begleitung eine wichtige Rolle. Das häufige, aber auch interindividuell sehr variable und im Lebenslauf fluktuierende gemeinsame Auftreten von körperlichen, geistigen und psychischen Entwicklungsstörungen verlangt nach einer guten interdisziplinären Kooperation zwischen konservativer und operativer Kinder- und Jugendmedizin und Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie.
Algebraicity of higher Green functions at a CM point
Authors: Li Yingkun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the algebraic nature of the value of a higher Green function on an orthogonal Shimura variety at a single CM point. This is motivated by a conjecture of Gross and Zagier in the setting of higher Green functions on the product of two modular curves. In the process, we will study analogue of harmonic Maass forms in the setting of Hilbert modular forms, and obtain results concerning the arithmetic of their holomorphic part Fourier coefficients. As a consequence, we answer a question of Zagier in his 1986 ICM proceeding.
Transcription factors enhancing synthesis of recombinant proteins and resistance to stress in Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Gorczyca Maria , Nicaud Jean-Marc , Celińska Ewelina 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Resistance to environmental stress and synthesis of recombinant proteins (r-Prots) are both complex, strongly interconnected biological traits relying on orchestrated contribution of multiple genes. This, in turn, makes their engineering a challenging task. One of the possible strategies is to modify the operation of transcription factors (TFs) associated with these complex traits. The aim of this study was to examine the potential implications of selected five TFs (HSF1-YALI0E13948g, GZF1-YALI0D20482g, CRF1-YALI0B08206g, SKN7-YALI0D14520g, and YAP-like-YALI0D07744g) in stress resistance and/or r-Prot synthesis in Yarrowia lipolytica. The selected TFs were over-expressed or deleted (OE/KO) in a host strain synthesizing a reporter r-Prot. The strains were subjected to phenotype screening under different environmental conditions (pH, oxygen availability, temperature, and osmolality), and the obtained data processing was assisted by mathematical modeling. The results demonstrated that growth and the r-Prot yields under specific conditions can be significantly increased or decreased due to the TFs’ engineering. Environmental factors “awakening” individual TFs were indicated, and their contribution was mathematically described. For example, OE of Yap-like TF was proven to alleviate growth retardation under high pH, while Gzf1 and Hsf1 were shown to serve as universal enhancers of r-Prot production in Y. lipolytica. On the other hand, KO of SKN7 and HSF1 disabled growth under hyperosmotic stress. This research demonstrates the usefulness of the TFs engineering approach in the manipulation of complex traits and evidences newly identified functions of the studied TFs.

Key points
• Function and implication in complex traits of 5 TFs in Y. lipolytica were studied.
• Gzf1 and Hsf1 are the universal r-Prots synthesis enhancers in Y. lipolytica.
• Yap-like TF’s activity is pH-dependent; Skn7 and Hsf1 act in osmostress response.
Female age and reproductive stage influence copulation patterns in mountain gorillas’ variable mating system
Authors: Morrison Robin , Ndayishimiye Eric , Stoinski Tara , Eckardt Winnie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Variation in mating systems and in individuals’ copulation patterns can have important consequences for the genetic structure of a population and ultimately its evolution. Whilst most gorilla sub-species form single-male, polygynous reproductive groups, mountain gorillas have both single-male and multimale reproductive groups. Considerable research has investigated the mating patterns of males in these multimale groups, but comparatively little is known about females. We investigated the copulation patterns of 71 female mountain gorillas over 13 years. We found that most sexually active, fecundable females in multimale groups had multiple mating partners. Females’ copulation patterns varied based on their reproductive stage, mating most often and with the greatest number of partners when they were pregnant, and least often when they had young dependent offspring. Females copulated throughout pregnancy, with pregnant females copulating more frequently in single-male groups than in multimale groups. Mating also varied with age, with older females mating less often and with fewer partners. Our findings confirm that when females transfer between single-male and multimale groups, they predominantly switch from copulating with one male to copulating with multiple males, and that females are also flexibly adjusting their copulation patterns across their lifetimes. This highlights the considerable variability of the mountain gorillas mating system, particularly from the female perspective, and the importance of accounting for within-species variation in copulation patterns.

Significance statement
Patterns of mating can vary both between individuals of the same species and within individuals across their lives. These patterns influence the genetic structure of a population. By examining copulation patterns in female mountain gorillas, we demonstrate that whilst females in single-male groups have only one mating partner, females in multi-male groups predominantly have multiple partners across a year. They also alter their copulation patterns across their lifetimes, copulating less often and with fewer partners as they age, and copulating most when pregnant. Our results highlight the flexibility with which female mountain gorillas can adjust their copulation patterns across their lifetimes, as the costs and benefits of copulation shift.
High aspect ratio diamond nanosecond laser machining
Authors: Golota Natalie C. , Preiss David , Fredin Zachary P. , Patil Prashant , Banks Daniel P. , Bahri Salima , Griffin Robert G. , Gershenfeld Neil 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLaser processing of diamond has become an important technique for fabricating next generation microelectronic and quantum devices. However, the realization of low taper, high aspect ratio structures in diamond remains a challenge. We demonstrate the effects of pulse energy, pulse number and irradiation profile on the achievable aspect ratio with 532 nm nanosecond laser machining. Strong and gentle ablation regimes were observed using percussion hole drilling of type Ib HPHT diamond. Under percussion hole drilling a maximum aspect ratio of 22:1 was achieved with 10,000 pulses. To reach aspect ratios on average 40:1 and up to 66:1, rotary assisted drilling was employed using > 2 M pulse accumulations. We additionally demonstrate methods of obtaining 0.1° taper angles via ramped pulse energy machining in 10:1 aspect ratio tubes. Finally, effects of laser induced damage are studied using confocal Raman spectroscopy with observation of up to 36% increase in tensile strain following strong laser irradiation. However, we report that upon application of 600 °C heat treatment, induced strain is reduced by up to ~ 50% with considerable homogenization of observed strain.
High Sulfur (S) Supplementation Imparts Waterlogging Tolerance to Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) Through Upregulating S Metabolism and Antioxidant Pathways
Authors: Hussain Md Arif , Naeem Asif , Pitann Britta , Mühling Karl H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWaterlogging significantly impacts plant growth and development by altering nutrient uptake and antioxidant enzyme functions, resulting in reduced yield. Plants need sulfur (S) to produce reduced glutathione (GSH), a thiol compound that combats abiotic stresses. It is hypothesized that supplying S to high S-demanding oilseed rape plants beyond its growth requirements can reduce the adverse effect of waterlogging stress. Therefore, this study evaluated the comparative effect of different S doses (mg kg− 1 soil), i.e., no-S (S0), low-S (S1, 35), medium-S (S2, 70), and high-S (S3, 140) on growth, yield and antioxidant defense systems of normal growing and waterlogged oilseed rape plants. Waterlogging was imposed at the inflorescence emergence stage for 7 days by retaining a 3-cm layer of water above the soil surface. Waterlogged plants supplemented with high-S showed improved growth and higher yield than those supplemented with lower S levels, and this response was associated with improved activity/contents of antioxidants, including ascorbate (AsA), GSH, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase, with concomitant lowering of hydrogen peroxide, dehydroascorbate and malondialdehyde content. Furthermore, leaf S concentration was enhanced in waterlogged plants treated with high-S, while anions were regulated whereby Cl− uptake was decreased. However, under control conditions, high-S did not provide additional benefits of improved plant growth, yield, and antioxidant activities compared to the medium-S application. Thus, it is concluded that additional S supplementation mitigates the adverse effects of waterlogging stress on oilseed rape, and needs to be employed as a potential strategy to alleviate the negative effects of this abiotic stress.