bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fermionic spectral walls in kink collisions
Authors: Campos J. G. F. , Mohammadi A. , Queiruga J. M. , Wereszczynski A. , Zakrzewski W. J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We show that a spectral wall, i.e., an obstacle in the dynamics of a bosonic soliton, which arises due to the transition of a normal mode into the continuum spectrum, exists after coupling the original bosonic model to fermions. This spectral wall can be experienced if the boson or fermion field is in an excited state. Furthermore, while passing through a spectral wall, an incoming kink-fermion bound state can be separated into purely bosonic kink, which continues to move to spatial infinity and a fermionic cloud that spreads in the region before the wall.
A note on quark and gluon energy-momentum tensors
Authors: Ahmed Taushif , Chen Long , Czakon Michał 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We discuss the constraints on quark and gluon energy-momentum tensors in QCD that follow from the requirement of Renormalisation-Group invariance of the traces of these operators. Our study covers the most general form of the latter traces, while the energy-momentum tensors themselves are only subjected to very mild constraints. We derive Renormalisation-Group equations for the two finite independent functions of the strong coupling constant and renormalisation scale of minimal subtraction which completely define the energy-momentum tensors. We demonstrate that previously proposed definitions of the renormalized quark and gluon energy-momentum tensors are special cases of our results assuming no explicit dependence on the renormalisation scale. Finally, we present $$ \overline{\textrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

-renormalised quark and gluon energy-momentum tensors at four-loop order.
Next-to-leading-power kinematic corrections to DVCS: a scalar target
Authors: Braun V. M. , Ji Yao , Manashov A. N. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Using the recent results on the contributions of descendants of the leading twist operators to the operator product expansion of two electromagnetic currents we derive explicit expressions for the kinematic finite-t and target mass corrections to the DVCS helicity amplitudes to the 1/Q4 power accuracy. The cancellation of IR divergences for kinematic corrections is demonstrated to all powers in the leading order of perturbation theory. We also argue that target mass corrections in the coherent DVCS from nuclei are small and do not invalidate the factorization theorem.
The NNLO quark beam function for jet-veto resummation
Authors: Bell Guido , Brune Kevin , Das Goutam , Wald Marcel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We consider the quark beam function that describes collinear initial-state radiation that is constrained by a veto on reconstructed jets. As the veto is imposed on the transverse momenta of the jets, the beam function is subject to rapidity divergences, and we use the collinear-anomaly framework to extract the perturbative matching kernels to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in the strong-coupling expansion. Our calculation is based on a novel framework that automates the computation of beam functions in Mellin space and it provides the ingredients to extend jet-veto resummations for quark-initiated processes to NNLL′ accuracy.
On polyharmonic helices in space forms
Authors: Branding Volker 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this article, we study polyharmonic curves of constant curvature where we mostly focus on the case of curves on the sphere. We classify polyharmonic curves of constant curvature in three-dimensional space forms and derive an explicit family of polyharmonic curves on the sphere. Our results give new insights into the geometric structure of higher order variational problems.
Global existence of a nonlinear wave equation arising from Nordström’s theory of gravitation
Authors: Brauer Uwe , Karp Lavi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe show global existence of classical solutions for the nonlinear Nordström theory with a source term and a cosmological constant under the assumption that the source term is small in an appropriate norm, while in some cases no smallness assumption on the initial data is required. In this theory, the gravitational field is described by a single scalar function that satisfies a certain semi-linear wave equation. We consider spatial periodic deviation from the background metric, that is why we study the semi-linear wave equation on the three-dimensional torus$${\mathord {\mathbb T}}^3$$T3in the Sobolev spaces$$H^m({\mathord {\mathbb T}}^3)$$Hm(T3). We apply two methods to achieve the existence of global solutions, the first one is by Fourier series, and in the second one, we write the semi-linear wave equation in a non-conventional way as a symmetric hyperbolic system. We also provide results concerning the asymptotic behavior of these solutions and, finally, a blow-up result if the conditions of our global existence theorems are not met.
Videobasierte Psychotherapie: Aktuelle Rahmenbedingungen und Entwicklungen sowie Empfehlungen für die praktische Umsetzung
Authors: Steubl Lena Sophia , Baumeister Harald 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungVideobasierte Psychotherapie ist ein möglicher digitaler Ansatz zur Bereitstellung psychotherapeutischer Behandlung – insbesondere dann, wenn Psychotherapie aufgrund von strukturellen Hindernissen nicht im unmittelbaren Kontakt stattfinden kann, zum Beispiel in Zusammenhang mit der COVID-19-Pandemie. Die Nutzung dieses Ansatzes hat sich sowohl als wirksam als auch als akzeptiert unter Psychotherapeutinnen und -therapeuten sowie Patientinnen und Patienten erwiesen. Rahmenbedingungen für die videobasierte Psychotherapie innerhalb der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung in Deutschland und Empfehlungen für die praktische Umsetzung werden in diesem Artikel zusammengefasst.
Connecting ethics and epistemology of AI
Authors: Russo Federica , Schliesser Eric , Wagemans Jean 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe need for fair and just AI is often related to the possibility of understanding AI itself, in other words, of turning an opaque box into a glass box, as inspectable as possible. Transparency and explainability, however, pertain to the technical domain and to philosophy of science, thus leaving the ethics and epistemology of AI largely disconnected. To remedy this, we propose an integrated approach premised on the idea that a glass-box epistemology should explicitly consider how to incorporate values and other normative considerations, such as intersectoral vulnerabilities, at critical stages of the whole process from design and implementation to use and assessment. To connect ethics and epistemology of AI, we perform a double shift of focus. First, we move from trusting the output of an AI system to trusting the process that leads to the outcome. Second, we move from expert assessment to more inclusive assessment strategies, aiming to facilitate expert and non-expert assessment. Together, these two moves yield a framework usable for experts and non-experts when they inquire into relevant epistemological and ethical aspects of AI systems. We dub our framework ‘epistemology-cum-ethics’ to signal the equal importance of both aspects. We develop it from the vantage point of the designers: how to create the conditions to internalize values into the whole process of design, implementation, use, and assessment of an AI system, in which values (epistemic and non-epistemic) are explicitly considered at each stage and inspectable by every salient actor involved at any moment.
Anisotropy and mechanical properties of dissimilar Al additive manufactured structures generated by multi-layer friction surfacing
Authors: Rath Lars , Kallien Zina , Roos Arne , Santos Jorge F. dos , Klusemann Benjamin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFriction surfacing (FS) is a solid-state layer deposition process for metallic materials at temperatures below their melting point. While the bonding of the deposited layers to the substrate is proven suitable for coating applications, so far the mechanical properties of additively manufactured stacks have not been systematically investigated. In particular, the effect of successive deposited FS layers, i.e., repetitive thermo-mechanical loading, on the interface properties as well as anisotropy and strength of the deposited stack is unknown. For this purpose, the mechanical properties of FS deposited multi-layer stacks from dissimilar aluminum alloys have been investigated, characterizing layer-to-layer as well as layer-to-substrate bonding interfaces via micro-flat tensile testing. Furthermore, directional dependencies in the stack and failure mechanisms are analyzed. The results show a homogeneous, fine-grained microstructure with average grain sizes between 4.2 and 4.6 μ m within the deposited material. The resulting tensile properties with no significant directional dependency present an ultimate tensile strength between 320 and 326 MPa exceeding the strength of the AA5083 H112 consumable base material. No difference was obtained in terms of layer-to-layer or layer-to-substrate interface strength. Furthermore, homogeneous hardness was observed within the deposited structure, which is in the range of AA5083 base material’s hardness of 91 HV. The results indicate that the FS process in conjunction with the material used is suitable for additively generated structures and highlight the potential of this solid-state layer deposition technology.
The Angers CT Score is a Risk Factor for the Failure of the Conservative Management of Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction: A Prospective Observational Multicentric Study
Authors: Paisant Anita , Burgmaier Jeanne , Calame Paul , Loison Mélanie , Molière Sébastien , Brigand Cécile , Belabbas Dihia , Duchalais Emilie , Regimbeau Jean‐Marc , Yzet Thierry , Alves Arnaud , Fohlen Audrey , Bergeat Damien , Vauclair Estelle , Pellegrini Julie , Ragot Emilia , Lansier Alexandre , Abet Emeric , Nevot Alexandre , Rousset Pascal , Ouaissi Mehdi , Besson Marie , Ronot Maxime , Giacca Massimo , Girard Edouard , Tessier Yann , Massalou Damien , Poirier Florent , Lakkis Zaher , Aubé Christophe , Hamel Jean Francois , Passot Guillaume , Venara Aurélien 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying the 30% of adhesive small bowel obstructions (aSBO) for which conservative management will require surgery is essential. The association between the previously described radiological score and failure of the conservative management of aSBO remains to be confirmed in a large prospective multicentric cohort. Our aim was to assess the risk factors of failure of the conservative management of aSBO considering the radiological score.Material and MethodsThis prospective observational study took place in 15 French centers over 3 months. Consecutive patients experiencing aSBO with no early surgery were included. The six radiological features from the Angers radiological computed tomography (CT) score were noted (beak sign, closed loop, focal or diffuse intraperitoneal liquid, focal or diffuse mesenteric haziness, focal or diffuse mesenteric liquid, and diameter of the most dilated small bowel loop > 40 mm).ResultsTwo hundred and seventy nine patients with aSBO were screened. Sixty patients (21.5%) underwent early surgery, and 219 (78.5%) had primary conservative management. In the end, 218 patients were included in the analysis of the risk factors for conservative treatment failure. Among them, 162 (74.3%) had had successful management while for 56 (25.7%) management had failed. In multivariate analysis, a history of surgery was not a significant risk factor for the failure of conservative treatment (OR = 0.11; 95%CI = 0–1.23). A previous episode of aSBO was protective against the failure of conservative treatment (OR = 0.36; 95%CI = 0.15–0.85) and an Angers CT score ≥ 5 as the only individual risk factor (OR = 2.39; 95%CI = 1.01–5.69).ConclusionThe radiological score of aSBO is a promising tool in improving the management of aSBO patients. A first episode of aSBO and/or a radiological score ≥5 should lead physicians to consider early surgical management.
The amazing world of self-organized Ge quantum dots for Si photonics on SiN platforms
Authors: Hong Po-Yu , Lin Chin-Hsuan , Wang I.-Hsiang , Chiu Yu-Ju , Lee Bing-Ju , Kao Jiun-Chi , Huang Chun-Hao , Lin Horng-Chih , George Thomas , Li Pei-Wen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBeginning with our exciting discovery of germanium (Ge) spherical quantum-dot (QD) formation via the peculiar and symbiotic interactions of Si, Ge, and O interstitials, we have embarked on a journey of vigorous exploration, creating unique configurations of self-organized Ge-QDs/Si-containing layers. Our aim is to generate advanced Ge-QD photonic devices, while using standard, mainstream Si processing techniques. This paper summarizes our portfolio of innovative Ge-QD configurations. With emphasis on both controllability and repeatability, we have fabricated size-tunable, spherical Ge-QDs that are placed at predetermined spatial locations within Si-containing layers (SiO2, Si3N4, and Si) using a coordinated combination of lithographic patterning and self-assembled growth. We have successfully exploited the multi-dimensional, parameter spaces of process conditions in combination with layout designs to achieve exquisite control available through the thermal oxidation of lithographically patterned, poly-Si1 − xGex structures in close proximity with Si3N4/Si layers. In so doing, we have gained insight into the growth kinetics and formation mechanisms of self-organized, Ge spherical QDs embedded within SiO2, Si3N4, and Si layers, respectively. Our Ge-QD configurations have opened up a myriad of process/integration possibilities including top-to-bottom evanescent-wave coupling structures for SiN-waveguided Ge-QD photodetectors and Ge-QD light emitters for Si photonics within Si3N4 integrated photonics platforms for on-chip interconnects and sensing.
Study the multiferroic properties of BiFeO3/Ni0.1Fe2.9O4 for heavy metal removal
Authors: Ramadan Rania 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe import marvel in multiferroic substances is the existence of spontaneous polarization and magnetization which enable these materials meet the needs of technological applications. Multiferroic of BiFeO3 and nickel-doped magnetite was synthesized separately by flash and co-precipitation methods, respectively. The two phases were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) analysis. The dielectric properties of BiFeO3/Ni0.1Fe2.9O4 nanocomposite were studied as a function of temperature as well as frequency. Based on the frequency dependent of ac conductivity results, it indicated that the conduction occurs through tunneling and small polaron hopping. The composite sample shows excellent results for heavy metal (Cr6+) removal from wastewater as the removal efficiency was reached to 75% at PH 6 after 40 min. The adsorption of Cr (VI) on the surface of nanocomposite was occurred through Langmuir isotherm and follows pseudo-second-order kinetics. The goal and novelty of this work were to investigate the structural, morphological and dielectric as well as magnetic properties of multiferroic nanocomposite material (BiFeO3/Ni0.1Fe2.9O4) and test its efficiency for heavy metal removal.
The discovery of a third breakdown: phenomenon, characterization and applications
Authors: Chung Steve S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the history of metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), the quality of its gate oxide has been a cornerstone of the present semiconductor integrated circuits. The changes of gate dielectrics from conventional SiO2gate oxide into high-k materials has brought us more challenges in various aspects of transistors, especially the reliability improvement when MOSFET dimension is continually scaled. Depending on the making of high-quality gate dielectrics, it plays a major role for the manufacture of high-end CPU with ultra-low power and low leakage, nowadays. There are two major well-known breakdowns in MOSFET’s history. Not until 2015, a world first observation of the breakdown, different from soft and hard breakdown, named dielectric fuse breakdown, dFuse, was discovered, as a result of CMOS technology moving into the high-k metal-gate (HKMG) era. In this paper, we will introduce from the inception of the Ig-RTN (random telegraph noise) measurement on the understanding of breakdown in 2008 and briefly describe the fundamentals of the RTN technique. Later in 2015, a version 2.0 of this Ig-RTN measurement, named Ig-transient, was successfully developed to delineate the breakdown path in HKMG transistors, from which a third breakdown, named dielectric fuse breakdown, was discovered. Its origin and physical mechanism have been discussed. This breakdown relies on the understanding of a leakage path in the gate dielectric of MOSFET, especially the movement of oxygen ions and the oxygen vacancies in the gate dielectric. Sophisticated measurement technique has also been developed to identify the traps generated in the gate dielectrics which laid the foundations on the understanding of trap generation as a function of time. In the end, two major applications in memories are presented, one is in the use of one-time-programming memory and the other on the understanding of the switching phenomena involved in the operation of resistance random-access memory (RRAM).
A recalibrated prediction model can identify level-1 trauma patients at risk of nosocomial pneumonia
Authors: Kobes T. , Terpstra A. M. , IJpma F. F. A. , Leenen L. P. H. , Houwert R. M. , van Wessem K. J. P. , Groenwold R. H. H. , van Baal M. C. P. M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Nosocomial pneumonia has poor prognosis in hospitalized trauma patients. Croce et al. published a model to predict post-traumatic ventilator-associated pneumonia, which achieved high discrimination and reasonable sensitivity. We aimed to externally validate Croce’s model to predict nosocomial pneumonia in patients admitted to a Dutch level-1 trauma center.

Materials and methods
This retrospective study included all trauma patients (≥ 16y) admitted for > 24 h to our level-1 trauma center in 2017. Exclusion criteria were pneumonia or antibiotic treatment upon hospital admission, treatment elsewhere > 24 h, or death < 48 h. Croce’s model used eight clinical variables—on trauma severity and treatment, available in the emergency department—to predict nosocomial pneumonia risk. The model’s predictive performance was assessed through discrimination and calibration before and after re-estimating the model’s coefficients. In sensitivity analysis, the model was updated using Ridge regression.

Results
809 Patients were included (median age 51y, 67% male, 97% blunt trauma), of whom 86 (11%) developed nosocomial pneumonia. Pneumonia patients were older, more severely injured, and underwent more emergent interventions. Croce’s model showed good discrimination (AUC 0.83, 95% CI 0.79–0.87), yet predicted probabilities were too low (mean predicted risk 6.4%), and calibration was suboptimal (calibration slope 0.63). After full model recalibration, discrimination (AUC 0.84, 95% CI 0.80–0.88) and calibration improved. Adding age to the model increased the AUC to 0.87 (95% CI 0.84–0.91). Prediction parameters were similar after the models were updated using Ridge regression.

Conclusion
The externally validated and intercept-recalibrated models show good discrimination and have the potential to predict nosocomial pneumonia. At this time, clinicians could apply these models to identify high-risk patients, increase patient monitoring, and initiate preventative measures. Recalibration of Croce’s model improved the predictive performance (discrimination and calibration). The recalibrated model provides a further basis for nosocomial pneumonia prediction in level-1 trauma patients. Several models are accessible via an online tool.

Level of evidence
Level III, Prognostic/Epidemiological Study.
A large-scale RNAi screen reveals that mitochondrial function is important for meiotic chromosome organization in oocytes
Authors: Nieken Karen Jule , O’Brien Kathryn , McDonnell Alexander , Zhaunova Liudmila , Ohkura Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

In prophase of the first meiotic division, chromatin forms a compact spherical cluster called the karyosome within the enlarged oocyte nucleus in Drosophila melanogaster. Similar clustering of chromatin has been widely observed in oocytes in many species including humans. It was previously shown that the proper karyosome formation is required for faithful chromosome segregation, but knowledge about its formation and maintenance is limited. To identify genes involved in karyosome formation, we carried out a large-scale cytological screen using Drosophila melanogaster oocytes. This screen comprised 3916 genes expressed in ovaries, of which 106 genes triggered reproducible karyosome defects upon knockdown. The karyosome defects in 24 out of these 106 genes resulted from activation of the meiotic recombination checkpoint, suggesting possible roles in DNA repair or piRNA processing. The other genes identified in this screen include genes with functions linked to chromatin, nuclear envelope, and actin. We also found that silencing of genes with mitochondrial functions, including electron transport chain components, induced a distinct karyosome defect typically with de-clustered chromosomes located close to the nuclear envelope. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction not only impairs karyosome formation and maintenance, but also delays synaptonemal complex disassembly in cells not destined to become the oocyte. These karyosome defects do not appear to be mediated by apoptosis. This large-scale unbiased study uncovered a set of genes required for karyosome formation and revealed a new link between mitochondrial dysfunction and chromatin organization in oocytes.
Molecular age estimation based on posttranslational protein modifications in bone: why the type of bone matters
Authors: König Lisa , Becker Julia , Reckert Alexandra , Ritz-Timme Stefanie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAge-at-death estimation is of great relevance for the identification of unknown deceased individuals. In skeletonised corpses, teeth and bones are theoretically available for age estimation, but in many cases, only single bones or even only bone fragments are available for examination. In these cases, conventional morphological methods may not be applicable, and the application of molecular methods may be considered. Protein-based molecular methods based on the D-aspartic acid (D-Asp) or pentosidine (Pen) content have already been successfully applied to bone samples. However, the impact of the analysed type of bone has not yet been systematically investigated, and it is still unclear whether data from samples of one skeletal region (e.g. skull) can also be used for age estimation for samples of other regions (e.g. femur). To address this question, D-Asp and Pen were analysed in bone samples from three skeletal regions (skull, clavicle, and rib), each from the same individual. Differences between the bone types were tested by t-test, and correlation coefficients (ρ) were calculated according to Spearman. In all types of bone, an age-dependent accumulation of D-Asp and Pen was observed. However, both parameters (D-Asp and Pen) exhibited significant differences between bone samples from different anatomical regions. These differences can be explained by differences in structure and metabolism in the examined bone types and have to be addressed in age estimation based on D-Asp and Pen. In future studies, bone type-specific training and test data have to be collected, and bone type-specific models have to be established.