bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Institutional Governance of Responsible Research and Innovation
Authors: Moan Marit Hovdal , Ursin Lars , de Grandis Giovanni 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we analyse the debate around the implementation of responsible research and innovation (RRI) in Higher Education, Funding and Research Centres (HEFRCs). We will illustrate some proposals about how to implement RRI in HERFCs in a good way. Open and inclusive governance is key to fruitful implementation of RRI in these organizations. Governance in this context refers to ways of steering processes in a desirable direction, in this case in the direction of responsible research and innovation that is ethically acceptable and socially desirable. We will present and assess different models of governance and aim to provide ethical governance of research and innovation (R&I) inspired by the most convincing ideas emerged in the current debate.
Activities to Foster Public Engagement in Research and Innovation. Examples from the NewHoRRIzon Project
Authors: Griessler Erich , Stack Shauna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this chapter we take results from the Horizon 2020 project, NewHoRRIzon to show that a variety of activities and approaches, addressing different levels and actors, are needed to spur public engagement in research and innovation. NewHoRRIzon spanned over all areas of the 8th European Framework Programme (Horizon 2020) and created 19 ‘Social Labs’ to look into different research and innovation themes and their relation to the concept of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI). This chapter highlights specific pilots stemming from this project which were designed by research and innovation stakeholders over the course of sequential labs, workshops, and meetings. The pilots featured here represent replicable activities and innovative ideas for researchers and research organizations to take up and use in their public engagement practices and policies.
Gender Mainstreaming and RRI: The Double Challenge
Authors: Garcia-Campa Santiago , Sanahuja Rosana 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGender equality in research and innovation (R&I) has improved over the past two decades, although not without its ups and downs. The literature has pointed out the obstacles and difficulties in making gender equality effective in R&I while providing a wide range of strategies, methods and tools to achieve it. Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) is a new approach that has made gender equality one of its six keys, raising a new challenge for gender mainstreaming. The Horizon Europe Framework Program 2021–2027 represents a step forward, with the Gender Equality Plan as a reference tool for mainstreaming gender in R&I organizations. However, there are more comprehensive proposals, such as the European Institute for Gender Equality’s Gender Mainstreaming Platform. This chapter presents the platform’s content and shows its usefulness in helping prepare Gender Equality Plans and promoting the institutional transformation of R&I organizations.
Importance and Necessity of Stakeholder Engagement
Authors: Häberlein Lisa , Hövel Philipp 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis chapter addresses the importance and necessity of stakeholder engagement for ethics governance. It starts with a more general look at stakeholder engagement and describes how a comprehensive definition of the otherwise commonly used catch-all term of stakeholders is important for successful stakeholder engagement. This is followed by a description of the ETHNA System’s stakeholder engagement strategy. A step-by-step approach serves as a guide for stakeholder engagement in responsible research and innovation (RRI) activities. This chapter offers guidance on how to find answers to the questions of who relevant stakeholders are, why they should be involved, what their contribution can be and how they can be involved in the most effective way. It also explains how to identify stakeholders’ values, needs and expectations using different tools. Finally, lessons learned from implementing the stakeholder engagement strategy are discussed to make the ETHNA System more useful to others. Specific guidelines on stakeholder engagement are used as a reference in this text.
Implementing RRI in a Non-governmental Research Institute
Authors: Hajdinjak Marko 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis chapter critically examines the outcomes from the ETHNA System implementation process in a small non-governmental research organization. The chapter briefly presents the process, identifies the main barriers and drivers pertaining to the implementation, and highlights the good practices that could serve as inspiration or model for other similar organizations. The chapter concludes with recommendations for organizations similar to ARC Fund and interested in implementing the RRI-based governance structure for management and conduct of research processes.
Implementing RRI in a Research and Innovation Ecosystem
Authors: Camarinha-Matos Luis M. , Ferrada Filipa , Oliveira Ana Inês 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNew organizational forms are emerging today at all levels of society, and more and more research is conducted in dynamic collaborative networks or ecosystems. Unlike traditional research centers, these new types of organization are very dynamic, with fluid boundaries, and volatile in terms of membership. This characteristic requires that more attention be paid to research ethics and RRI. This work reports on an implementation process carried out in a research and innovation ecosystem according to the principles and guidelines proposed by the ETHNA project. The process, its barriers and drivers are described, and finally, learned lessons and recommendations are presented.
Responsible Research and Innovation Learning Facilitation
Authors: Garcia-Garcia Elisa , Eekhout Xavier 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis chapter aims at supporting the institutionalization of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) principles by focusing in the facilitation of learning to research staff. We highlight the need to identify the learning objectives that want to be achieved by taking into account how researchers shape their ethical perspectives, as many of their behaviours are learned through informal training setups (e.g., supervisors, peers, etc.). This is complemented by reviewing the different approaches that can be applied to achieve the learning goals, and by showcasing existing public resources that can be further explored and tailored to plan specific interventions depending on the nature and needs of each institution.
The massless non-adjacent double off-shell scalar box integral — branch cut structure and all-order epsilon expansion
Authors: Haug Juliane , Wunder Fabian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We generalize the result of our recent paper on the massless single off-shell scalar box integral to the case of two non-adjacent end points off the light cone. An analytic result in d = 4 − 2ε dimensions is established in terms of four Gauss hypergeometric 2F1 functions respectively their single-valued counterparts. This allows for an explicit splitting of real and imaginary parts, as well as an all-order ε-expansion in terms of single-valued polylogarithms.
Thermal fluctuations of black holes with non-linear electrodynamics and charged Renyi entropy
Authors: Arenas-Henriquez Gabriel , Diaz Felipe , Novoa Yerko 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We extend the charged Renyi entropy to a more general holographic scenario. Coupling an arbitrary non-linear electrodynamics Lagrangian density to AdS gravity, we analyse the thermodynamic features of non-linearly charged hyperbolic black holes and the thermal fluctuations in the grand canonical ensemble. We provide a general form for the relevant holographic quantities that describes a CFT with a global U(1) symmetry in terms of horizon data and we compute the first thermal fluctuation of the charged Renyi entropy. We demonstrate the validity of the formulae through an analytic example; the Coulomb source in 2 + 1 dimensions. We propose this model to be dual to charged free bosons in 1 + 1 dimensions. The corrections generates a subleading logarithmic divergence in the entanglement entropy which appear in some Condensed Matter systems with spontaneous symmetry breaking due to IR effects in the ground state. We comment on the possibility of interpreting these results in terms of holography beyond the saddle point approximation.
Injury activated alveolar progenitors (IAAPs): the underdog of lung repair
Authors: Chong Lei , Ahmadvand Negah , Noori Afshin , Lv Yuqing , Chen Chengshui , Bellusci Saverio , Zhang Jin-San 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlveolar epithelial type II cells (AT2s) together with AT1s constitute the epithelial lining of lung alveoli. In contrast to the large flat AT1s, AT2s are cuboidal and smaller. In addition to surfactant production, AT2s also serve as prime alveolar progenitors in homeostasis and play an important role during regeneration/repair. Based on different lineage tracing strategies in mice and single-cell transcriptomic analysis, recent reports highlight the heterogeneous nature of AT2s. These studies present compelling evidence for the presence of stable or transitory AT2 subpopulations with distinct marker expression, signaling pathway activation and functional properties. Despite demonstrated progenitor potentials of AT2s in maintaining homeostasis, through self-renewal and differentiation to AT1s, the exact identity, full progenitor potential and regulation of these progenitor cells, especially in the context of human diseases remain unclear. We recently identified a novel subset of AT2 progenitors named “Injury-Activated Alveolar Progenitors” (IAAPs), which express low levels of Sftpc, Sftpb, Sftpa1, Fgfr2b and Etv5, but are highly enriched for the expression of the surface receptor programmed cell death-ligand 1 (Pd-l1). IAAPs are quiescent during lung homeostasis but activated upon injury with the potential to proliferate and differentiate into AT2s. Significantly, a similar population of PD-L1 positive cells expressing intermediate levels of SFTPC are found to be expanded in human IPF lungs. We summarize here the current understanding of this newly discovered AT2 progenitor subpopulation and also try to reconcile the relationship between different AT2 stem cell subpopulations regarding their progenitor potential, regulation, and relevance to disease pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions.
A new host for a new Rossomyrmex minuchae population
Authors: Sanllorente O. , Lenoir A. , Perdereau E. , Ruano F. , Azcárate F. M. , Silvestre M. , Lorite P. , Tinaut A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSocial parasites usually rely on chemical cues (cuticular hydrocarbons) to successfully invade and coexist with their hosts. Most ants that are obligate social parasites (slave-makers) can parasitize several related host species with different levels of chemical similarity although there are few exceptions where there is only a single host species. An example of the latter is Rossomyrmex minuchae, which was known to be only associated with Proformica longiseta. However, a recent discovery of a new R. minuchae population revealed that it can parasitize P. nasuta, a species with a separate distribution to P. longiseta. Chemical analyses of cuticular hydrocarbons show local adaptation of the parasite to its host in this new population, being more similar to P. nasuta than to other R. minuchae populations. In addition, genetic analyses evidence differences from the other known populations, from which it split 1.21 Mya during glacial and interglacial periods of the Pleistocene and remained separated to the present day. This historical genetic isolation and the chemical differences found between parasite populations may evidence a speciation process and support the local host–parasite coevolution.
Verhütung auf YouTube, Instagram und TikTok
Authors: Döring Nicola , Lehmann Stephan , Schumann-Doermer Claudia 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Jugendliche und Erwachsene beziehen Informationen über Verhütung zunehmend über soziale Medien.

Ziel der Arbeit
Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es Ziel der vorliegenden Studie, erstmals Inhalte und Qualität deutschsprachiger Verhütungsbeiträge auf YouTube, Instagram und TikTok zu untersuchen. Beantwortet werden sollen Forschungsfragen zu Anbieter*innen (F1), Inhalten (F2) und Qualität der Verhütungsbeiträge (F3) sowie zu Publikumsreaktionen (F4).

Material und Methoden
Es wurde eine Stichprobe von N = 1000 Verhütungsbeiträgen von YouTube (500), Instagram (250) und TikTok (250) gezogen. Pro Beitrag gingen maximal 20 verhütungsbezogene Kommentare in das Kommentar-Sample ein (N = 12.454). Die Beiträge und Kommentare wurden mittels reliabilitätsgeprüfter Codebücher analysiert. Die Datenanalyse erfolgte mit SPSS. Die Studie ist präregistriert und alle Daten, Materialien und Analyseskripte sind öffentlich verfügbar.

Ergebnisse
Es zeigte sich, dass die Verhütungsbeiträge mehrheitlich von Gesundheitslaien stammten (52 %), gefolgt von Medienprofis und Gesundheitsprofis (F1). Inhaltlich deckten die Verhütungsbeiträge alle verfügbaren Verhütungsmethoden ab, wobei Pille (69 %) und Kondom (40 %) dominierten (F2). Nach gängigen Qualitätskriterien zeigten sich deutliche Defizite, wobei im Vergleich YouTube-Videos am besten abschnitten (F3). TikTok-Videos dagegen waren Spitzenreiter bei den Publikumsreaktionen, sie verzeichneten die meisten Views, Likes und Kommentare. Die Kommentarspalten wurden vom Publikum oft genutzt, um eigene Verhütungserfahrungen zu teilen oder Nachfragen zu stellen (F4).

Diskussion
Weitere Forschung sowie Praxismaßnahmen sind notwendig, um die Qualität von Verhütungsinformationen in sozialen Medien besser einschätzen und optimieren zu können.
Upregulation of glycolytic enzyme PFKFB3 by deubiquitinase OTUD4 promotes cardiac fibrosis post myocardial infarction
Authors: Wang Feizuo , Yin Xiaojian , Fan Yuan-Ming , Zhang Xinyao , Ma Chao , Jia Keke , Zhou Wei , Tang Zongxiang , Qi Lian-Wen , Li Jia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Metabolic dysregulations have emerged as a major mediator of cardiovascular disorders and fibrotic diseases. Metabolic reprogramming contributes a lot to cardiac fibroblast activation and cardiac fibrosis post-myocardial infarction (MI), yet the mechanism remains incompletely understood. Our work aimed to determine whether or not glycolytic reprogramming, regulated by phosphofructokinase-2/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), is a therapeutic target for alleviating post-MI cardiac fibrosis. Here, we showed that cardiac fibroblasts displayed cell energy phenotype toward augmented glycolysis in response to transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), evidenced by significant extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) increase and lactate accumulation. The expression of glycolytic enzyme PFKFB3, a master activator of glycolysis, was up-regulated in TGF-β1-treated cardiac fibroblasts and in cardiac fibroblasts of post-MI mice. Pharmacological inhibition of PFKFB3 by 3PO diminished TGF-β1-mediated profibrotic phenotypes, attenuated cardiac fibrosis, and preserved cardiac functions in post-MI mice. Meanwhile, the genetic inhibition of PFKFB3 decreased the cardiac fibroblast activation and reversed the differentiated phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we identified deubiquitinase OTUD4 as a new binding protein of PFKFB3, and their interaction blocked PFKFB3 degradation via OTUD4-mediated deubiquitylation. Taken together, this work characterized a key role for PFKFB3 in cardiac fibroblast activation and suggested that inhibiting PFKFB3-involved glycolysis is an alternative way to alleviate post-MI cardiac fibrosis.

Key messages

PFKFB3, a master activator of glycolysis, was highly expressed in ischemic cardiac fibroblasts to enhance cardiac fibrosis

The deubiquitinase OTUD4 was identified as a new binding protein of PFKFB3

TGF-β1 blunted the ubiquitination-mediated degradation of PFKFB3 via OTUD4-mediated deubiquitylation

Blockade of PFKFB3 contributed to ameliorating ischemia-induced cardiac fibrosis
Correlation between Bacterial Cell Density and Abundance of Antibiotic Resistance on Milking Machine Surfaces Assessed by Cultivation and Direct qPCR Methods
Authors: Weber Mareike , Göpfert Bettina , von Wezyk Sina , Savin-Hoffmeyer Michael , Lipski André 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The relative abundance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistance genes was surveyed for different parts of a milking machine. A cultivation approach based on swab samples showed a highly diverse microbiota, harboring resistances against cloxacillin, ampicillin, penicillin, and tetracycline. This approach demonstrated a substantial cloxacillin resistance of numerous taxa within milking machine microbiota coming along with regular use of cloxacillin for dry-off therapy of dairy cows. For the less abundant tetracycline-resistant bacteria we found a positive correlation between microbial cell density and relative abundance of tetracycline-resistant microorganisms (R2 = 0.73). This indicated an accelerated dispersion of resistant cells for sampling locations with high cell density. However, the direct quantification of the tetM gene from the swap samples by qPCR showed the reverse relation to bacterial density if normalized against the abundance of 16S rRNA genes (R2 = 0.88). The abundance of 16S rRNA genes was analyzed by qPCR combined with a propidium monoazide treatment, which eliminates 16S rRNA gene signals in negative controls.
Detection and quantification of breast arterial calcifications on mammograms: a deep learning approach
Authors: Mobini Nazanin , Codari Marina , Riva Francesca , Ienco Maria Giovanna , Capra Davide , Cozzi Andrea , Carriero Serena , Spinelli Diana , Trimboli Rubina Manuela , Baselli Giuseppe , Sardanelli Francesco 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
Breast arterial calcifications (BAC) are a sex-specific cardiovascular disease biomarker that might improve cardiovascular risk stratification in women. We implemented a deep convolutional neural network for automatic BAC detection and quantification.

Methods
In this retrospective study, four readers labelled four-view mammograms as BAC positive (BAC+) or BAC negative (BAC−) at image level. Starting from a pretrained VGG16 model, we trained a convolutional neural network to discriminate BAC+ and BAC− mammograms. Accuracy, F1 score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) were used to assess the diagnostic performance. Predictions of calcified areas were generated using the generalized gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM++) method, and their correlation with manual measurement of BAC length in a subset of cases was assessed using Spearman ρ.

Results
A total 1493 women (198 BAC+) with a median age of 59 years (interquartile range 52–68) were included and partitioned in a training set of 410 cases (1640 views, 398 BAC+), validation set of 222 cases (888 views, 89 BAC+), and test set of 229 cases (916 views, 94 BAC+). The accuracy, F1 score, and AUC-ROC were 0.94, 0.86, and 0.98 in the training set; 0.96, 0.74, and 0.96 in the validation set; and 0.97, 0.80, and 0.95 in the test set, respectively. In 112 analyzed views, the Grad-CAM++ predictions displayed a strong correlation with BAC measured length (ρ = 0.88, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Our model showed promising performances in BAC detection and in quantification of BAC burden, showing a strong correlation with manual measurements.

Clinical relevance statement
Integrating our model to clinical practice could improve BAC reporting without increasing clinical workload, facilitating large-scale studies on the impact of BAC as a biomarker of cardiovascular risk, raising awareness on women’s cardiovascular health, and leveraging mammographic screening.

Key Points
• We implemented a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for BAC detection and quantification.
• Our CNN had an area under the receiving operator curve of 0.95 for BAC detection in the test set composed of 916 views, 94 of which were BAC+ .
• Furthermore, our CNN showed a strong correlation with manual BAC measurements (ρ = 0.88) in a set of 112 views.
Introduction of a breast apparent diffusion coefficient category system (ADC-B) derived from a large multicenter MRI database
Authors: Bickel Hubert , Clauser Paola , Pinker Katja , Helbich Thomas , Biondic Iva , Brkljacic Boris , Dietzel Matthias , Ivanac Gordana , Krug Barbara , Moschetta Marco , Neuhaus Victor , Preidler Klaus , Baltzer Pascal 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To develop an intuitive and generally applicable system for the reporting, assessment, and documentation of ADC to complement standard BI-RADS criteria.

Methods
This was a multicentric, retrospective analysis of 11 independently conducted institutional review board–approved studies from seven institutions performed between 2007 and 2019. Breast Apparent Diffusion coefficient (ADC-B) categories comprised ADC-B0 (ADC non-diagnostic), ADC-B1 (no enhancing lesion), and ADC-B2-5. The latter was defined by plotting ADC versus cumulative malignancy rates. Statistics comprised ANOVA with post hoc testing and ROC analysis. p values ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results
A total of 1625 patients (age: 55.9 years (± 13.8)) with 1736 pathologically verified breast lesions were included. The mean ADC (× 10−3 mm2/s) differed significantly between benign (1.45, SD .40) and malignant lesions (.95, SD .39), and between invasive (.92, SD .22) and in situ carcinomas (1.18, SD .30) (p < .001). The following ADC-B categories were identified: ADC-B0—ADC cannot be assessed; ADC-B1—no contrast-enhancing lesion; ADC-B2—ADC ≥ 1.9 (cumulative malignancy rate < 0.1%); ADC-B3—ADC 1.5 to < 1.9 (0.1–1.7%); ADC-B4—ADC 1.0 to < 1.5 (10–24.5%); and ADC-B5—ADC < 1.0 (> 24.5%). At the latter threshold, a positive predictive value of 95.8% (95% CI 0.94–0.97) for invasive versus non-invasive breast carcinomas was reached.

Conclusions
The breast apparent diffusion coefficient system (ADC-B) provides a simple and widely applicable categorization scheme for assessment, documentation, and reporting of apparent diffusion coefficient values in contrast-enhancing breast lesions on MRI.

Clinical relevance statement
The ADC-B system, based on diverse MRI examinations, is clinically relevant for stratifying breast cancer risk via apparent diffusion coefficient measurements, and complements BI-RADS for improved clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.

Key Points
• The breast apparent diffusion coefficient category system (ADC-B) is a simple tool for the assessment, documentation, and reporting of ADC values in contrast-enhancing breast lesions on MRI.
• The categories comprise ADC-B0 for non-diagnostic examinations, ADC-B1 for examinations without an enhancing lesion, and ADC-B2-5 for enhancing lesions with an increasing malignancy rate.
• The breast apparent diffusion coefficient category system may be used to complement BI-RADS in clinical decision-making.