bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propensity score analysis of low‐dose aspirin and bleeding complications in pregnancy
Authors: Souter V. , Painter I. , Sitcov K. , Khalil A. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveLow‐dose aspirin (LDA) has been shown to reduce the risk of preterm pre‐eclampsia and it has been suggested that it should be recommended for all pregnancies. However, some studies have reported an association between LDA and an increased risk of bleeding complications in pregnancy. Our aim was to evaluate the risk of placental abruption and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in patients for whom their healthcare provider had recommended prophylactic aspirin.MethodsThis multicenter cohort study included 72 598 singleton births at 19 hospitals in the USA, between January 2019 and December 2021. Pregnancies complicated by placenta previa/accreta, birth occurring at less than 24 weeks' gestation, multiple pregnancy or those with data missing for aspirin recommendation were excluded. Propensity scores were calculated using 20 features spanning sociodemographic factors, medical history, year and hospital providing care. The association between LDA recommendation and placental abruption or PPH was estimated by inverse‐probability treatment weighting using the propensity scores.ResultsWe included 71 627 pregnancies in the final analysis. Aspirin was recommended to 6677 (9.3%) and was more likely to be recommended for pregnant individuals who were 35 years or older (P < 0.001), had a body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or higher (P < 0.001), had prepregnancy hypertension (P < 0.001) and who had a Cesarean delivery (P < 0.001). Overall, 1.7% of the study cohort (1205 pregnancies) developed preterm pre‐eclampsia: 1.3% in the no‐aspirin and 5.8% in the aspirin group. After inverse‐probability weighting with propensity scores, aspirin was associated with increased risk of placental abruption (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.44 (95% CI, 1.04–2.00)) and PPH (aOR, 1.21 (95% CI, 1.05–1.39)). The aOR translated to a number needed to harm with LDA of 79 (95% CI, 43–330) for PPH and 287 (95% CI, 127–3151) for placental abruption.ConclusionsLDA recommendation in pregnancy was associated with increased risk for placental abruption and for PPH. Our results support the need for more research into aspirin use and bleeding complications in pregnancy before recommending it beyond the highest‐risk pregnancies. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Prediction using serum glycosylated fibronectin and angiogenic factors of superimposed pre‐eclampsia in women with chronic hypertension
Authors: Sokratous N. , Bednorz M. , Syngelaki A. , Wright A. , Nicolaides K. H. , Kametas N. A. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare the predictive performance for delivery with pre‐eclampsia (PE) within 2 weeks of assessment in women with chronic hypertension at 24–41 weeks' gestation between serum glycosylated fibronectin (GlyFn) concentration, serum placental growth factor (PlGF) concentration and soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) to PlGF concentration ratio.MethodsThis was a prospective study of 104 women with a singleton pregnancy and chronic hypertension presenting at 24–41 weeks' gestation. Twenty‐six (25.0%) cases developed superimposed PE within 2 weeks of sampling. We compared the predictive performance for superimposed PE between GlyFn, PlGF and the sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio at a fixed screen‐positive rate of approximately 10%.ResultsThe median gestational age at sampling was 34.1 (interquartile range, 31.5–35.6) weeks and 84.6% (88/104) of cases were sampled at < 36 weeks. The predictive performance for superimposed PE of the three methods of screening was similar, with detection rates of about 23–27%, at a screen‐positive rate of 11% and a false‐positive rate of about 5%.ConclusionsMeasurement of GlyFn is a simple point‐of‐care test that can be carried out without need for a laboratory and provide results within 10 min of testing. In this respect, it could potentially replace the angiogenic markers that are used currently in the prediction of imminent PE in high‐risk women. However, neither GlyFn nor angiogenic factors are likely to improve the management of women with chronic hypertension because their predictive performance for superimposed PE is poor. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Strapdown Airborne Gravimetry Based on Aircrafts and UAVs: Postprocessing Algorithms and New Results
Authors: Vyazmin Vadim S. , Golovan Andrey A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe paper describes a new methodology for postprocessing raw data from a strapdown airborne gravimeter based on a navigation-grade inertial measuring unit and global navigation satellite system receivers (one is on board the aircraft and the others are placed on the ground). The key aspects of the methodology’s algorithms are outlined. We also present the numerical results (gravity estimates) from two airborne gravimetry surveys. The surveys were carried out using state-of-the-art strapdown airborne gravimeters on board a fixed-wing aircraft (An-3T) and helicopter-type unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In the first survey, the flights were flown in the draped mode with extreme vertical accelerations reaching 2.5 g, which appears to be the first case in airborne gravimetry. In the second survey, the UAV was flying at a constant altitude. The gravity estimation accuracy (RMS) varies from the sub-mGal up to 2-mGal level depending on campaign, with larger values corresponding to the draped flight survey.
A Taste of What You’re Up Against: Two Tales
Authors: Mendes Felipe Cardeneti , Sarna Piotr , Emelyanov Pavel , Dunlop Cynthia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhat’s more fun than wrestling with database performance? Well, a lot. But that doesn’t mean you can’t have a little fun here. To give you an idea of the complexities you’ll likely face if you’re serious about optimizing database performance, this chapter presents two rather fanciful stories. The technical topics covered here are expanded on throughout the book. But this is the one and only time you’ll hear of poor Joan and Patrick. Let their struggles bring you some valuable lessons, solace in your own performance predicaments… and maybe a few chuckles as well.
Monitoring
Authors: Mendes Felipe Cardeneti , Sarna Piotr , Emelyanov Pavel , Dunlop Cynthia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDatabases require ongoing care and attention, especially when performance is a priority and the data being stored is growing rapidly and/or changing frequently. Adverse events that could place the business at risk—for example, node failures or a misbehaving client—will inevitably occur. Given the complexity of both databases and data-intensive applications, it’s not a matter of if some combination of factors ends up degrading performance, but when.
Getting Data Closer
Authors: Mendes Felipe Cardeneti , Sarna Piotr , Emelyanov Pavel , Dunlop Cynthia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLocation, location, location. Sometimes it’s just as important to database performance as it is to real estate. Just as the location of a home influences how quickly it sells, the location of where data “lives” and is processed also matters for response times and latencies.
Medicine, Psychology, and the Welfare State
Authors: Ariaans Mareike , Reibling Nadine , Bleckmann Lisa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHow does a welfare state develop into a biopsychosocial welfare state? Ariaans, Bleckmann, and Reibling ask this question and provide a much-needed theoretical construct of the medicalization and psychologizations processes that take place within the welfare state. Although medicine and psychology are disciplines that have always been discussed as parts of the healthcare system of welfare states, the link of both disciplines to other areas of the welfare state is unclear, and we still lack an overall theoretical idea as to how the processes of medicalization and psychologization are embedded in the welfare state. By linking dimensions (ideas, institutions, actors) and levels (macro, meso, and micro), Ariaans et al. provide theoretical examples of how the move toward a biopsychosocial welfare state unfolds.
Childhood in Crisis: Are Medicine and Psychology Part of the Problem or Part of the Solution?
Authors: Reibling Nadine , Ariaans Mareike , Hamel Lucas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMedicine and psychology are key disciplines when it comes to childhood, particularly if it is problematized. In this chapter, Reibling, Ariaans, and Hamel argue that both the turn of Western welfare states toward social investment and the resulting new interest in children are paradigmatic examples of the shift toward a biopsychosocial welfare state. Medicine and psychology provide ideas, interventions, and professionals that the welfare state relies on in its aim to invest in children. The authors illustrate this idea via three empirical studies that analyze (1) the public communication of professional organizations, (2) the public’s view on children who experience problems, and (3) the institutionalization of learning disorders in Germany.
The Biopsychosocial Welfare State: A New Perspective on Social Policy
Authors: Reibling Nadine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHow can we understand the biopsychosocial welfare state? What empirical indications are there for the increasing influence of medicine and psychology in advanced welfare states? This chapter answers these questions and additionally discusses how current crises have influenced—and will continue to influence—the medicalization and psychologization of social problems and social policies.
(In)stability of de Sitter vacuum in light of distance conjecture and emergence proposal
Authors: Seo Min-Seok 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The distance conjecture claims that as the modulus traverses along the trans-Planckian geodesic distance, the effective field theory becomes invalid by a descent of a tower of states from UV. Moreover, according to the recent (strong version of) emergence proposal, the kinetic term of the modulus is entirely generated by the wavefunction renormalization in which a tower of states are integrated out. Assuming these two conjectures, we explore the role of a tower of states coupled to the modulus in (in)stability of the de Sitter (dS) vacuum by studying the one-loop effective potential generated by a tower of states. We find that a fermionic tower of states makes the effective potential more or less consistent with the dS swampland conjecture: either the slope or the curvature of the potential is sizeable. In contrast, the effective potential generated by a bosonic tower of states seems to allow the stable dS vacuum. Therefore, in order to argue the instability of the dS vacuum, the additional ingredient like supersymmetry breaking needs to be taken into account.
Renormalizability of nonlocal quantum gravity coupled to matter
Authors: Calcagni Gianluca , Giacchini Breno L. , Modesto Leonardo , de Paula Netto Tibério , Rachwał Lesław 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We extensively study the ultraviolet quantum properties of a nonlocal action for gravity nonminimally coupled to matter. The theory unifies matter and gravity in an action principle such that all the classical solutions of Einstein’s theory coupled to matter are also solutions of the nonlocal theory. At the quantum level, we show that the theory is power-counting super-renormalizable in even dimensions and finite in odd dimensions. A simple extension of the model compatible with the above properties is finite also in even dimensions.
Chirurgische Therapie der Crohn-Krankheit des Dick- und Mastdarms
Authors: Unger Lukas Walter , Riss Stefan 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungMorbus Crohn, eine chronisch-entzündliche Darmerkrankung, kann den gesamten Gastrointestinaltrakt betreffen. Die häufigsten Indikationen für Operationen stellen Dünndarm- sowie ileokolonischer Befall dar. Oftmals resultiert eine chronische Entzündung des terminalen Ileums in enteroenteralen Fisteln zwischen Dünndarm und Dick‑/Mastdarm, welche Resektionen von beiden betroffenen Segmenten notwendig machen. Bis zu 20 % der Patient:innen mit Morbus Crohn leiden an isolierter Crohn-Kolitis ohne extensiven Dünndarmbefall, was in manchen Fällen jedoch ebenfalls eine chirurgische Intervention notwendig macht. Neben den abdominellen Komplikationen von Morbus Crohn sind perianale Fisteln eine der größten Herausforderungen für kolorektale Chirurgen, welche letztlich zu Inkontinenz und Notwendigkeit eines Stomas führen können. Kürzlich veröffentlichte Ergebnisse beschreiben zwar bessere Heilungschancen, ein qualitativ hochwertiger Vergleich der Therapien fehlt jedoch. Dieser Artikel behandelt daher die chirurgische Therapie bei Morbus Crohn des Dick- und Mastdarms sowie perianalem Befall.
Konstanzer Modellprojekt für psychisch belastete Geflüchtete
Authors: Bogatzki Lea , Miredin Julia , Millet Sophie , Lipinski Leonie , Molle Madlen , Rockstroh Brigitte , Mier Daniela , Odenwald Michael 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungGeflüchtete mit psychischen Störungen sind mit Zugangsbarrieren zum psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutische Versorgungssystem konfrontiert. Um diesen Barrieren zu begegnen, wurde im Landkreis Konstanz ein Modellprojekt zur Unterstützung der Gesundheitsversorgung und Integration psychisch belasteter Geflüchteter etabliert (Koordinierte psychotherapeutische Behandlung unter Einbezug von Gesundheitspat:innen; KOBEG) und in einer ersten 3‑jährigen Modellphase evaluiert. Über eine zentrale Koordinierungsstelle werden die Geflüchteten an lokale, niedergelassene Psychotherapeut:innen vermittelt. Sprach- und kultursensitiv geschulte Gesundheitspat:innen (Peers) betreuen und begleiten die Geflüchteten während ihrer Therapie. Die Inanspruchnahme des vermittelten Therapieangebots und Erfahrungen beteiligter Therapeut:innen dienen als Indikatoren für die Effektivität der patengestützten Therapievermittlung. Die Wirksamkeit der therapeutischen Maßnahmen und Begleitung durch Gesundheitspat:innen wurde anhand der psychischen Symptombelastung (Symptomchecklist-27) und Funktionsbeeinträchtigung (Work and Social Adjustment Scale) vor und nach durchschnittlich 10 Monaten Projektteilnahme evaluiert. Im Zentrum der Untersuchung stehen die Geflüchteten (Angebotsinanspruchnahme und psychische Belastung) sowie die Psychotherapeut:innen (berichtete Erfahrungen). Erste Ergebnisse belegen eine überdurchschnittlich hohe Belastung der Geflüchteten zum Zeitpunkt des Erstgesprächs, eine hohe Teilnahmequote und eine geringe Abbruchrate. Die Verlaufserhebung zeigt signifikante Verbesserungen hinsichtlich der psychischen Symptombelastung sowie Funktionsbeeinträchtigung. Die (qualitative) Befragung der Psychotherapeut:innen unterstreicht die Effektivität von KOBEG, 93 % der Therapeut:innen beabsichtigen im Rahmen des Projekts weiterhin mit Geflüchteten zu arbeiten.
Schädel-Hirn-Trauma
Authors: Pinggera D. , Geiger P. , Thomé C. 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (SHT) bezeichnet eine durch äußere Gewalteinwirkung bedingte Schädigung des Gehirnparenchyms. Es verursacht massive individuelle und sozioökonomische Folgen aufgrund der hohen Morbidität und Mortalität. Betroffen sind junge Menschen durch Verkehrs- oder Sportunfälle, aber auch zunehmend alte Menschen durch Stürze im häuslichen Umfeld. Der Begriff SHT umfasst mehrere Krankheitsbilder, die sich in Ursache, Prognose und Therapie unterscheiden. Allen gemein sind jedoch komplexe pathophysiologische Kaskaden, die sich sofort nach dem initialen Trauma entwickeln und über mehrere Tage und Wochen anhalten können. In dieser Phase versucht eine medizinische Behandlung, sei sie chirurgisch oder medikamentös, die Folgen des Primärschadens zu reduzieren. Die Erhaltung eines adäquaten zerebralen Perfusionsdrucks und die Reduktion des Hirndrucks stehen im Vordergrund.
Enhancing productivity and efficiency in conventional laser metal deposition process for Inconel 718 - part I: the effects of the process parameters
Authors: Maffia Simone , Chiappini Federico , Maggiani Gianluca , Furlan Valentina , Guerrini Massimo , Previtali Barbara 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe sustainable energy transition has spurred the development of technologies that minimize material and energy waste, such as additive manufacturing (AM). Laser metal deposition (LMD) is a promising AM technique, but its complexity and limited automation hinder its implementation in production chains. To enhance productivity, the high deposition rate LMD (HDR-LMD) technology has been developed, requiring advanced equipment and powerful laser sources. In contrast, the conventional LMD (C-LMD) process is simpler and less expensive to implement. This study aims to optimize the productivity and efficiency of C-LMD by adjusting laser power, scan speed, powder feed rate, and standoff distance on Inconel 718 single tracks. An innovative approach eliminates the need for cutting specimens to evaluate single tracks, allowing comprehensive geometric and performance characterization with limited operator involvement, making the analysis quicker and more robust. An extensive experimental campaign was conducted to examine the influence of process parameters on track geometry, productivity, and efficiency. A multi-objective optimization procedure identified parameter combinations maximizing productivity while maintaining high efficiency and desirable clad shape. The study attained deposition rates ranging from 700 to 800 g/h, with powder catchment efficiency ranging between 75 and 90%. These results were achieved using parameters including 1775 W of laser power, scan speeds ranging from 960 to 1140 mm/min, powder feed rates between 810 and 1080 g/h, and standoff distance of 9 mm. The study also clearly indicated that further potential for improving C-LMD process performance may be possible. The findings gathered in this paper are the base for the further optimization presented in the second part of the work, which is focused on multi-pass multi-layer and reaches deposition rates of 1500 g/h, promoting the implementation of C-LMD process at industrial level.
From CAD to Plug & Produce
Authors: Nilsson Anders , Danielsson Fredrik , Svensson Bo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIndustries of low-batches or one-off manufacturing aim for automation that is competitive enough to adapt to new or modified products daily through in-house knowledge that focuses on manufacturing processes and not on machine function programming. To solve this, a complete set of actions that utilize seamless data transfer from product design in CAD to a Plug & Produce automation concept is proposed together with a generic structure for the integration of standard industrial robots into agents. This structure enables agents to handle their local reference coordinate systems and locations relative to a global perspective. Seamless utilization of data from product designs to Plug & Produce will simplify and shorten the time of digital development through concurrently usable text-based and graphical configuration tools of a configurable multi-agent system. Needed data extracts directly from the product design as requirements of operational goals. Extraction of data from the product design, sequence of goals, and process plans, which are recipes of how to solve goals, can by this concept be configured by in-house knowledge that has the process knowledge but not necessarily programming competence.
Extremal index: estimation and resampling
Authors: Ferreira Marta 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe duration of extremes in time leads to a phenomenon known as clustering of high values, with a strong impact on risk assessment. The extremal index is a measure developed within Extreme Value Theory that quantifies the degree of clustering of high values. In this work we will consider the cycles estimator introduced in Ferreira and Ferreira (Ann Inst Henri Poincare Probab Stat 54(2):587–605, 2018). A reduced bias estimator based on the Jackknife methodology will be presented. The bootstrap technique will also be considered in the inference and will allow to obtain confidence intervals. The performance will be analyzed based on simulation. We found our proposal effective in reducing bias and it compares favorably with some well-known methods. An application of the methods to real data will also be presented.
The role of inflammation and antioxidant defenses in the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin in elderly CD-1 male mice
Authors: Reis-Mendes Ana , Ferreira Mariana , Duarte José Alberto , Duarte-Araújo Margarida , Remião Fernando , Carvalho Félix , Sousa Emília , Bastos Maria Lourdes , Costa Vera Marisa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent used against several cancer types. However, due to its cardiotoxic adverse effects, the use of this drug may be also life-threatening. Although most cancer patients are elderly, they are poorly represented and evaluated in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Considering this, the present work aims to evaluate inflammation and oxidative stress as the main mechanisms of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, in an innovative approach using an experimental model constituted of elderly animals treated with a clinically relevant human cumulative dose of DOX. Elderly (18–20 months) CD-1 male mice received biweekly DOX administrations, for 3 weeks, to reach a cumulative dose of 9.0 mg/kg. One week (1W) or two months (2 M) after the last DOX administration, the heart was collected to determine both drug’s short and longer cardiac adverse effects. The obtained results showed that DOX causes cardiac histological damage and fibrosis at both time points. In the 1W-DOX group, the number of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 immunopositive cells increased and a trend toward increased NF-κB p65 expression was seen. An increase of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin (IL)-33 and a trend toward increased IL-6 and B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X (Bax) expression were seen after DOX. In the same group, a decrease in IL-1β, p62, and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3)-I, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression was observed. Contrariwise, the animals sacrificed 2 M after DOX showed a significant increase in glutathione peroxidase 1 and Bax expression with persistent cardiac damage and fibrosis, while carbonylated proteins, erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), NF-κB p65, myeloperoxidase, LC3-I, and LC3-II expression decreased. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that in an elderly mouse population, DOX induces cardiac inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis in the heart in the short term. When kept for a longer period, oxidative-stress-linked pathways remained altered, as well as autophagy markers and tissue damage after DOX treatment, emphasizing the need for continuous post-treatment cardiac monitoring.