bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavior of under-reamed piles under inclined uplift loads in sand
Authors: Sakr Mohamed , Nasr Ahmed , Khaffaf Mohamed , Basha Ali 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Under-reamed piles are deep bored cast-in-situ concrete piles with single or multiple bulbs formed by enlarging the pile shaft. Such piles are best suited to soils with significant ground movement as a result of seasonal variations, filled up ground, soft soil layers, and loose sand. These piles also improve bearing and uplift capacities, as well as anchorage at greater depths. This paper aims to investigate and analyze the behavior of under-reamed piles under inclined tension loads, as well as to compare the results with regular piles. Single and double under-reamed piles with bulb diameter ratios of 2 and 3 were used as model piles. These piles were embedded in sand with relative densities of 30, 50, and 80%. The tension load was applied at zero eccentricity above the soil surface with inclination angles of 15º, 30º, 45º, 60º, 75º, and 90º with respect to the horizontal direction. The results indicated that the ultimate inclined tension capacity of the under-reamed pile increased as sand relative density, number of bulbs, and bulb diameter ratios increased. Furthermore, when the inclination load angle decreased, the ultimate tension capacity increased due to the generated passive earth pressure in front of the pile. The horizontal load component of the inclined load has more effect on the axial capacity; and this effect decreases with the increase in sand relative density. Finally, a theoretical equation was proposed to estimate the under-reamed pile’s ultimate inclined uplift capacity. This equation correlated well with the experimental results as R2 = 0.91: 0.96.
The concept of Tianyuan Difang and the evolution of single-sheet Tianxia Tu in ancient China (before around 1600 AD)
Authors: Gong Yingyan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
“Tianxia Tu,” the map of all under heaven, is a type of map created by ancient Chinese based on the cosmological concept of Tianyuan Difang (the round-shaped heaven and the square-shaped earth) in ancient China. These maps exist in two primary forms: single-sheet maps and book illustrations. Single-sheet Tianxia Tu appeared as early as the Han Dynasty, while book illustrations emerged during the Northern Song Dynasty. The evolutionary genealogy of single-sheet Tianxia Tu before around 1600 AD is as follows: during the Han and Tang dynasties, these maps were painted on silk by high-ranking officials; during the Song Dynasty, they were engraved on stone steles installed in government schools to serve the imperial civil service examination (Keju Kaoshi). Around 1550, woodblock-printed Scenic and Cultural Maps of All Under Heaven emerged as popular reading materials for the general public, created by grassroots intellectuals and disseminated through market networks. Ancient Chinese cartography developed its distinct characteristics in parallel with, rather than imitating, European models. It is worth contemplating how to incorporate its positive elements while adhering to scientific principles.
A combined feature selection approach for malicious email detection based on a comprehensive email dataset
Authors: Zhang Han , Shi Yong , Liu Ming , Chen Libo , Wu Songyang , Xue Zhi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In recent years, new malicious email attacks have emerged. We summarize two major challenges in the current field of malicious email detection using machine learning algorithms. (1) Current works on malicious email detection use different datasets and lack a unified and comprehensive open source dataset standard for evaluating detection performance. In addition, outdated data makes it difficult to detect new types of malicious email attacks. (2) There are limitations in feature selection and extraction. Relying only on static features or body textual features cannot satisfy the detection of both common phishing or spam email and new malicious emails that exploit protocol vulnerabilities. To address these problems, we propose the Exploiting Protocol Vulnerability Malicious Email (EPVME) dataset, which contains 49,136 malicious email samples. The EPVME dataset is constructed by summarizing and simulating the novel types of malicious email attacks that exploit email protocol vulnerabilities. In our dataset, the coverage of the types of malicious emails and the number of them are significantly increased. By collecting the currently available open source datasets, we build a large-scale dataset with 660,985 samples. Through two sets of comparative experiments on the dataset containing EPVME, we verify the necessity, reliability, and validity of the EPVME dataset. By using a large and comprehensive open source email dataset, we hope to help subsequent work on malicious email detection achieve comparative performance. Furthermore, we propose a new feature selection and construction method that combines both static features and textual features. We extract 79 static features from both the header and body parts of email samples, perform textual feature extraction on the pre-processed body parts, and combine various machine learning algorithms for detection model construction and experimental comparison. Our detection model can achieve an accuracy of 99.968% and a false positive rate of 0.099%.
Duplex ultrasound in patients with pelvic congestion syndrome in comparison to conventional venography
Authors: Abdelwahab Sarah Mohamed Mahmoud , Fouad Sherine Kadry Amin , Nasr Merhan Ahmed , Salama Asmaa Magdy Mohamed 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Chronic pelvic pain is defined by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists as chronic pain originates from the pelvic organs typically lasting more than 6 months caused by dilatation of the ovarian and/or pelvic veins (Hagag et al. in Egypt J Surg 41(3):1334–1344, 2022).

Results
Transabdominal and transvaginal duplex and leak points assessment ultrasonography were performed to fifty female patients with pelvic venous congestion symptoms referred by their physicians. Results were compared with conventional venography. It showed that transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) was highly concordant with the conventional method, while Transabdominal ultrasound (TAUS) was less concordant with the conventional method, especially for the left side. As regards assessing the reflux of the right ovarian vein. The sensitivity of the test is 92.31%, and the specificity was 97.3%, indicating high diagnostic power of TVUS. As for detecting left ovarian vein reflux showed sensitivity (97.44%) and specificity (81.82%). Excellent diagnostic performance of assessing reflux of right internal iliac vein (IIV) with sensitivity and specificity 100%. The sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 97.22%, with outstanding diagnostic performance in assessing the reflux of left IIV. The sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 90.63%, indicating excellent diagnostic performance of US for perineal leak 88.89% and 92.68% for inguinal leak, 66.67% and 95.74% for gluteal leak, and 40% and 100% for obturator leak point.

Conclusion
TVUS is a very useful noninvasive diagnostic tool in treatment of pelvic venous congestion, with a very beneficial complementary TAUS, and assessment of pelvic leak points. Limitations in our study in patient preparation were compliance and operative machine quality.
Mycobacterium avium (MAC) lung disease in post-COVID-19 bronchiectasis: a need for caution as a potential risk factor for MAC infection
Authors: Oi Issei , Fujita Kohei , Fujimoto Naoki , Yoshimura Saiki , Ito Takanori , Imakita Takuma , Kanai Osamu , Tanizawa Kiminobu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Bronchiectasis due to previous tuberculosis is known to precede Mycobacterium avium (MAC) lung disease. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease, and residual bronchiectasis following COVID-19 is common as well as tuberculosis. However, there have been no reports documenting MAC lung disease secondary to bronchiectasis post-COVID-19 until now. We present the case of an 84-year-old patient on steroid therapy for alveolar hemorrhage who developed COVID-19, resulting in residual bronchiectasis. Despite no evidence of chronic airway infection immediately prior to the COVID-19 infection, the patient developed pulmonary MAC disease 2 years later. This is the first report of MAC lung disease secondary to bronchiectasis following COVID-19. Similar cases are likely to occur in the future, necessitating caution.
Experimental evaluation of yield stress-thixotropy of waste fly-ash added drilling fluid: in context with HPHT/geothermal well drilling
Authors: Dewangan Satish Kumar , Nathwani Nishant , Kawade Ajay 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Proper transportation of cuttings to the surface, prevention of various well-controlled issues, stability of wellbore, formation damage minimization, etc. are very important issues that depend crucially on properly designed and maintained rheology of the drilling fluids. Search and selection of suitable drilling fluid additives that can favorably alter its rheology has always been a challenge for oilwell drilling industries. On the other hand, disposal of fly ash, which is a waste of thermal power industries is a big time issue to resolve considering these two important aspects, i.e., drilling fluid rheology investigation as well as suitable disposal outlet of fly ash, the present analysis was aimed to investigate the effective application of fly-ash (a waste of thermal power plants) as possible favorable rheology altering additives of water-based drilling fluids for wellbore drilling industries. Various drilling fluid samples based on fly ash were prepared and experimentally tested for their yield stress and thixotropic behavior. Rotational rheometer MCR-102 (Make: Anton-Paar) was used for the rheological analysis. The investigation compared different drilling fluid combinations based on fly ash and oil additives. Various time-dependent rheological aspects, i.e., thixotropic characteristics like thixotropic area, loss modulus, and damping coefficient were experimentally explored. Additionally, yield shear stress values were investigated by controlled shear stress tests with MCR-102. At the outset, the comprehensive thixotropic analysis concluded that nearly 10% of the fly ash addition would optimally be beneficial to sustain the favorable yield-thixotropy to water-based drilling fluids. It was also concluded that fly ash addition did not affect the chemical reactivity of the drilling fluid. All the samples exhibited the desired shear thinning behavior. The damping factor was greater than unity which implied the dissipative nature of all the drilling fluid samples, however presence of oil in the sample reduced it.
Impedance and modulus spectroscopy of Bi0·5Na0·5Nb0·5Fe0·5O3 ceramic
Authors: Naik Parbati , Patri Sunanda Kumari 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The solid-state reaction method was used to prepare the lead-free Bi0·5Na0·5Nb0·5Fe0·5O3 ceramic. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the prepared ceramic confirmed the formation of tetragonal crystal structure with P4mm space group. The field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis reveals densely packed grains of different shape and sizes. The average grain size was calculated to be 16.22 µm. Complex impedance spectroscopy was used to analyze the electrical response of the ceramic. The Nyquist plot shows the influence of both grain and grain boundary effects on the electrical properties of the material. The impedance analysis confirmed the non-Debye type of relaxation mechanism and negative temperature coefficient of resistance behaviour of the compound. The frequency dependent ac conductivity was found to obey Jonscher’s power law.
Feasibility and reproducibility of speckle tracking echocardiography in routine assessment of the fetal heart in a low-risk population
Authors: Sacco Adalina , Kazi Ayisha , Nzelu Diane , Jowett Victoria , Pandya Pranav 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and reproducibility of speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in routine fetal cardiac assessments by non-cardiac experts in an NHS clinical setting.

Methods
A prospective longitudinal cohort study was performed from April 2022 to June 2023. During all ultrasound scans between 18 and 40 weeks’ gestation a 3 s cineloop of the fetal four chamber view was stored. Parameters of global cardiac function were analysed off-line using STE software by two researchers independently.

Results
Of 393 ultrasound scans performed in fetuses fulfilling criteria, 50.9 % were able to be analysed using STE. Intraobserver variability was poor to moderate for both operators (Operator 1 correlation coefficient for FAC 0.28, EF 0.17, SV 0.01, SV/kg 0.00, CO 0.74, CO/kg 0.39; Operator two correlation coefficient for FAC 0.58, EF 0.65, SV 0.67, SV/kg 0.02, CO 0.66, CO/kg 0.31). Interobserver variability was also poor to moderate (Operator 1 vs. Operator two correlation coefficient for FAC 0.01, EF 0.00, SV 0.00, SV/kg 0.00, CO 0.64, CO/kg 0.25; Operator 2 vs. Operator 1 correlation coefficient for FAC 0.16, EF 0.06, SV 0.72, SV/kg 0.008, CO 0.70, CO/kg 0.34).

Conclusions
Routine speckle tracking echocardiography of global cardiac function by non-cardiac experts in low-risk fetuses has low to moderate feasibility and reproducibility in a real-world NHS setting. A high grade of expertise is likely necessary to use STE in order to achieve high reproducibility. Future research should investigate factors contributing to variability in STE measurements and standardisation of protocols.
Why There is No Us in Consciousness: You Are Simple, a Bodily Soul
Authors: Rickabaugh Brandon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
You and I are conscious. But You-and-I, a pair of subjects, cannot be conscious. Why? Because subjects of consciousness cannot have parts but are mereologically simple. Although most contemporary philosophers do not take the thesis that we are simple seriously, David Barnett has proffered an argument in its defense that has faced numerous objections but is yet to be defeated, or so I will argue. In responding to these objections, I expand and develop important ontological and mereological theses that strengthen Barnett’s argument and others of its kind. I also argue that a significant body of empirical work supports Barnett’s argument against a recent objection. Lastly, I show how, although not made explicit by Barnett, his argument is plausibly a defense of the immaterial self or a bodily soul.
Performance of 6 × 6 CNT transistor array using composite nanomaterials for biomedical applications
Authors: Vaddinuri Anitha R. , Palanisamy Sathishkumar , Dussa Anil Kumar , Shyni Ganesan , Binoj Joseph Selvi , Hassan Shukur Abu , Ilyas Rushdan Ahmad 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study is the simulation of several forms of the most recent Field Effect Transistor (FET) and its electrical characteristics and designed using nanomaterials. The best FET to employ for sensor design in biomedical applications has been determined based on many examples and investigations. In order to overcome the difficulties of detecting disease-causing antigens, FET-based biosensors have been developed to increase sensitivity to disease-causing antigens at the micro- and nanoscale. To find the best transistor, various transistor types with various material layers are introduced. The sensor array consists of 64 cells, arranged into three categories – core, periphery, and middle – designed to enhance the sensitivity of cell detection. Three reference voltages are produced by a current reference circuit to bias the bottom gates of the CNTFETs, which generate maximum current in response to electrostatic changes at the top gate. These voltages are then processed to determine the concentration of the analyte, with the sensor array achieving a sensitivity of 130 μA/V. In NANOHUB.ORG (online Tool), all simulations are run, and performance is displayed in the form of simulation results, graphs, and tables.
Exploring the complexities of chronic pain: The ICEPAIN study on prevalence, lifestyle factors, and quality of life in a general population
Authors: Jonsdottir Thorbjorg , Karlsdottir Sigfridur Inga , Skuladottir Hafdis , Halapi Eva , Oskarsson Gudmundur Kristjan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
The ICEPAIN study is a longitudinal research project focused on building an extensive database on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), lifestyle, and pain among the general population in Iceland. The project started with a cross-sectional data collection and will be followed by similar data collection after 5 and 10 years from participants who have agreed to be contacted again. In this article, descriptive data on the prevalence and nature of chronic pain in the Icelandic general population will be presented in relation to sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, adverse life experiences, and HRQoL.

Methods
Data were collected through a web-based platform using a national panel representing a randomised population sample of 12,400 individuals aged 18–80 years from the National Population Register of Iceland. The instruments consisted of questionnaires on pain, lifestyle factors, adverse life experiences, and HRQoL. The sample was stratified according to age, gender, and residence.

Results
The response rate was 45% (N = 5,557), and most participants (81%) agreed to be contacted again for later data collection. The mean age of the respondents was 54.8 years (SD = 13.7). Half of the participants (50.3%) had experienced some pain the previous week, and 40% had chronic pain (≥3 months). The prevalence of chronic pain was inversely related to educational level and satisfaction with household income and positively associated with body mass index. A significant correlation was found between chronic pain prevalence and several lifestyle variables, such as physical exercises, smoking habits, sleep, and adverse life experiences. Chronic pain had a significant negative impact on both physical and mental components of HRQoL.

Conclusion
These results indicate a complex relationship between chronic pain, lifestyle, and adverse life experiences. The longitudinal design will provide further information on the long-term development among these variables.
Zdrowie uczniów przedmiotem dyskusji podczas Zjazdów Lekarzy i Przyrodników Polskich na przełomie XIX i XX wieku
Authors: Dolata Elżbieta 
Published: February 2025

Na przełomie XIX i XX wieku, w związku z niepokojącymi wynikami badań lekarskich, w całej Europie rozgorzały burzliwe dyskusje dotyczące ochrony zdrowia dzieci i młodzieży. Wychodząc z założenia, że efekty pracy dydaktycznej uwarunkowane są dobrym zdrowiem fizycznym i psychicznym, zastanawiano się jak zapewnić dzieciom optymalne warunki rozwoju i zapobiec chorobom. Na ziemiach polskich, forum wymiany poglądów stały się m. in, Zjazdy Lekarzy i Przyrodników Polskich, których zorganizowano 15, w latach 1869 – 1937. W artykule poddano analizie treść wygłaszanych podczas zjazdów referatów, dotyczących zdrowia uczniów, celem określenia poruszanych w nich wątków. Analizy dokonano na podstawie Sprawozdań i Dzienników z poszczególnych Zjazdów. Podczas obrad najczęściej dyskutowano o stanie zdrowia uczniów, prezentowano wyniki badań lekarskich, rozmawiano o warunkach higienicznych panujących w szkołach oraz formułowano propozycje rozwiązań poprawiających istniejący stan. Zjazdy obudziły społeczną świadomość w zakresie ochrony zdrowia uczniów i odegrały znaczącą rolę w rozwoju myśli i praktyki edukacyjnej na przełomie XIX i XX wieku.
Wędrówki z Mikołajem Kopernikiem. Komiksowy przewodnik historyczno-kulturowy jako źródło pracy na rzecz edukacji regionalnej w przestrzeni szkolnej
Authors: Lisowska Kinga 
Published: February 2025

W artykule zaprezentowano pozycję „Wędrówki z Mikołajem Kopernikiem. Komiksowy przewodnik historyczno-kulturowy”. Dokonano analizy treści komiksu oraz zawartych w nim elementów jako czynników umożliwiających realizację edukacji regionalnej w przestrzeni szkoły, a także zaproponowano formę pracy z przewodnikiem. W badaniach posłużono się metodą jakościową przeszukiwania źródeł wtórnych.
Komiks stanowi narzędzie do pracy na rzecz edukacji regionalnej na różnych poziomach kształcenia. Może służyć do konstruowania wśród uczniów makroświata na podwalinach mikroświata. Budowaniu tożsamości indywidualnej a następnie społecznej, regionalnej a także kulturowej, narodowej aż wreszcie kontynentalnej i planetarnej. Twórcze wykorzystanie tego narzędzia i jego elementów pozwala na czynne włączenie dzieci i młodzieży do procesu edukacji regionalnej oraz na ich zadomowienie się w kulturze lokalnej przy otwartości na doświadczenia i wartości płynące z innych grup społecznych.
Early Childhood Development: The Disability Policy and its implications for occupational therapists
Authors: Philpott Susan Carol 
Published: February 2025

The White Paper on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities encapsulates the vision not only for persons with disabilities in South Africa, but for every member of a diverse society. This paper discusses the vision of inclusion and mainstreaming contained in the White Paper and critiques the specific provisions for early childhood development, exploring their implications for training and practice of occupational therapists. Recommendations are made as to how these can be strengthened in achieving the vision of an inclusive society in which young children with disabilities are able to realise their potential.
Key words: children with disabilities, early childhood development, inclusion, mainstreaming, policy
The Role of the Occupational Therapist in Case Management in South Africa
Authors: Govender Kreshnee , Christopher Chantal , Lingah Thanalutchmy 
Published: February 2025

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Introduction: Case Management is fundamental in managed healthcare and has been identified as an established practice delivered by varied health professionals. The aim of the study was to identify the occupational therapist's role and scope of practice in case management in South Africa.
Method: A questionnaire was developed and distributed via Surveymonkey which yielded quantitative and qualitative data.
Results: Occupational therapists are in involved in case manager functions and the extent and intensity of involvement depends on the practice area. More than half the respondents (n=43 i.e. 64%) indicated frequent involvement in case management. The majority of respondents indicated that academic preparation in case management would be beneficial at post-graduate level (64%).
Conclusions: Case management has been implemented by occupational therapists operationally in disability management and as a component of vocational rehabilitation. A high percentage are involved in advocacy for the client, collaboration with the employer in transitioning the client back to work and the coordination of services to enable a work reintegration which are all recognised as case manager functions with an emphasis on occupational performance. Further research is suggested for formalised training in the field to strengthen the occupational therapist as case manager and for the use of a standard practice in vocational rehabilitation.