bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous tectonostratigraphy of the German Central Graben, southern North Sea
Authors: Müller Simon Maximilian , Jähne-Klingberg Fabian , Thöle Hauke , Jakobsen Finn Christian , Bense Frithjof , Winsemann Jutta , Gaedicke Christoph 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Central Graben is a Mesozoic sedimentary basin that is significantly influenced by rift and salt tectonics. Its southern part is located in the German and Dutch sectors of the North Sea. Even though studies exist on the tectonic and stratigraphic development of the Danish and Dutch Central Graben, the German Central Graben as an important link is less investigated. We aim to fill this gap and to investigate the sedimentary development from the Latest Triassic to the Early Cretaceous, the relative influence of salt and rift tectonics on subsidence and how our results fit into the existing studies of the Danish and Dutch Central Graben. Knowledge of the development of the graben and its sedimentation is critical for any possible economic use like hydrocarbon exploitation or carbon capture and storage. Therefore, we mapped nine laterally traceable horizons on 2D and 3D reflection seismic data from the Lower Jurassic to the Lower Cretaceous within the German Central Graben and adjacent Danish Salt Dome Province as well as the northern Dutch Central Graben. These horizons include the base horizons of four tectonostratigraphic mega-sequences of the southern Central Graben adopted from the current Dutch tectonostratigraphic concept. Based on the mapping results, we constructed subsidence, thickness and erosion maps of the tectonostratigraphic mega-sequences and their subdivisions. The tectonostratigraphic mega-sequences were then correlated with well logs to determine the lithology. The results show that the structural and stratigraphic architecture of the German Central Graben was consecutively dominated by either subsidence controlled by rifting, salt tectonics or by thermal uplift and subsidence. We suggest that the German Central Graben is divided by a large strike-slip fault zone, the Mid Central Graben Transverse Zone, into a northern part that geologically rather belongs to the Danish and a southern part that rather belongs to the Dutch Central Graben. We discuss how this division and the tectonics influenced the regional lithology.
Why do different cultures form and persist? Learning from the case of Makerere University
Authors: Ricart-Huguet Joan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCulture is a central concept in the social sciences. It is also difficult to examine rigorously. I study the oldest university in East Africa and a cradle of political elites, Makerere University, where halls of residence developed distinct cultures in the 1970s such that some hall cultures are activist (e.g. Lumumba Hall) while others are respectful to authorities (e.g. Livingstone Hall) even though assignment to halls has been random since 1970. I leverage this unique setting to understand how culture forms and affects the values and behaviours of young adults. Participant observation, interviews and archives suggest that cultural differences arose from critical junctures that biased group (hall) composition and from intergroup (inter-hall) competition. Hall governments promote cultural and institutional persistence through the intergenerational transmission of norms and practices, thereby highlighting the role of political hierarchy in reproducing culture.
Development of sign phonology in Kata Kolok
Authors: LUTZENBERGER Hannah , FIKKERT Paula , DE VOS Connie , CRASBORN Onno 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMuch like early speech, early signing is characterised by modifications. Sign language phonology has been analysed on the feature level since the 1980s, yet acquisition studies predominately examine handshape, location, and movement. This study is the first to analyse the acquisition of phonology in the sign language of a Balinese village with a vibrant signing community and applies the same feature analysis to adult and child data. We analyse longitudinal data of four deaf children from the Kata Kolok Child Signing Corpus. The form comparison of child productions and adult targets yields three main findings: i) handshape modifications are most frequent, echoing cross-linguistic patterns; ii) modification rates of other features differ from previous studies, possibly due to differences in methodology or KK’s phonology; iii) co-occurrence of modifications within a sign suggest feature interdependencies. We argue that nuanced approaches to child signing are necessary to understand the complexity of early signing.
Student satisfaction and perceived learning in an online second language learning environment: A replication of Gray and DiLoreto (2016)
Authors: Shin Hye Won , Sok Sarah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe current study is an approximate replication of Gray and DiLoreto’s (2016) study, which proposed a model predicting that course structure, learner interaction and instructor presence would influence students’ perceived learning and satisfaction in online learning, with student engagement acting as a mediator between two of the predictors and the outcome variables. Using mixed methods, the current study investigated whether Gray and DiLoreto’s model would be able to explain the relationships among the same variables in a computer-assisted language learning environment. A mediation analysis was conducted using survey responses from a sample of 215 college-level students, and qualitative analysis was conducted on the survey responses from a subsample of 50 students. Similar to Gray and DiLoreto’s study, positive correlational relationships emerged between the variables. However, the model proposed by Gray and DiLoreto did not fit our data well, leading us to suggest alternative path-analytic models with both student engagement and learner interaction as mediators. These models showed that the role of course organization and instructor presence were pivotal in explaining the variation in students’ perceived learning and satisfaction both directly and indirectly via student engagement and learner interaction. Moreover, qualitative analysis of students’ responses to open-ended questions suggested that from students’ perspectives, course structure was the most salient factor affecting their experiences within online language learning contexts, followed by learner interaction, and then by instructor presence.
Application of positive psychology to study the root of psychological anxiety of innovative entrepreneurs
Authors: Sha Qi 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThe COVID-19 has brought double pressure on the work and psychology of innovation and entrepreneurship personnel, which is prone to anxiety. Positive psychology can promote the all-round development of human body and mind. Therefore, under the epidemic environment, the research uses positive psychology to intervene and treat the psychological diseases of innovative and entrepreneurial personnel, and alleviate their psychological anxiety.Subjects and MethodsThe study randomly selected 128 people who will carry out innovation and entrepreneurship from 2021 to 2022. The study used positive psychology to intervene 128 people, and judged their mental health status through their work enthusiasm and psychological resilience. In the experiment, P < 0.05 indicates that the difference is statistically significant, and t-test is conducted. After the experiment, SPSS21.0 was used for statistical analysis of the data. The experimental results are shown in Table 1.Table 1.Changes in work enthusiasm and resilience of innovation and entrepreneurship personnel before and after intervention-Before interventionAfter interventiontPWork enthusiasmSelf-assessment5.27±0.457.91±0.4233.540<0.001Mutual evaluation8.07±0.279.10±0.3617.757<0.001Resilience levelTenacity28.31±5.2935.60±4.418.450<0.001Self-improvement19.52±1.4622.77±2.0910.142<0.001Optimistic11.85±1.4216.47±2.5612.566<0.001ResultsBefore the intervention, the self-assessment result of innovation and entrepreneurship personnel’s work enthusiasm was 5.27 ± 0.45 points, and the mutual evaluation result was 7.91 ± 0.42 points; After intervention, it was 7.91 ± 0.42 points and 9.10 ± 0.36 points. At the same time, after the intervention, the scores of three indicators in the scores of employees’ resilience level have increased. To sum up, positive psychology has effectively alleviated the psychological anxiety of innovation and entrepreneurship personnel. In addition, P < 0.001 indicates that the difference of the study has statistical significance.ConclusionsThe external environment of innovation and entrepreneurship in the context of the COVID-19 has gradually become worse, which has brought a lot of psychological pressure to innovation and entrepreneurship personnel, thus causing psychological diseases. The study used positive psychology to intervene, and the experimental results showed that positive psychological coping intervention for innovative entrepreneurs during the COVID-19 epidemic could effectively alleviate their psychological anxiety.AcknowledgementsThe research is supported by: the Key Construction Base of Philosophy and Social Sciences in Jiangsu Province, Research Center of Industrial Transformation and Innovation Development in Southern Jiangsu Province, No. 2018ZDJD-B008.
The effect of Chinese moral and ethical education on relieving college students’ depression
Authors: Liu Yutong 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThis study explored the therapeutic effect of Chinese moral and ethical education combined with sertraline hydrochloride on college students’ depression. It is to find an economical, convenient, and efficient treatment to help students get rid of depression.MethodsIn a tertiary level hospital, 90 patients with depression who are studying in university were selected as the experimental subjects. The patients were randomly divided into combination group and drug group by computer. For patients in the drug group, one sertraline hydrochloride tablet was taken daily during the treatment period. For patients in the combination group, half an hour of Chinese moral and ethical education was conducted every day on the basis of the drug group. Before and after the experiment, the self-rating depression scale (SDS) was used to evaluate the treatment effect of depression in the combination group and drug group.ResultsBefore the experiment, the scores of the combination group and drug group were 68.42 ± 6.53 and 69.05 ± 4.49, respectively, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). After a period of treatment, the score of the combination group was significantly lower than that of the drug group (P < 0.05), as shown in Table 1.Table 1.Score of combination group and drug groupGroupTreatment time (months)Before treatment1234Combination group68.42±6.5361.55±4.0353.42±6.06*45.33±2.81*43.66±2.32*Drug group69.05±4.4965.46±6.7460.80±4.65*55.46±2.08*48.08±1.96*t0.1653.4017.6526.8536.866P>0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05Note: compared with before treatment in the group, *P<0.05ConclusionsIt can be seen from the existing reports that the current rate of college students suffering from depression is increasing year by year, which greatly affects the normal work and study of students. Therefore, the study used Chinese moral and ethical education combined with sertraline hydrochloride drug therapy to intervene the depressive symptoms of college students. The results showed that after a period of treatment, the score of the combination group was significantly lower than that of the drug group (P < 0.05). This shows that the treatment proposed by the study can effectively treat college students’ depression.AcknowledgementsThe research is supported by: Key Project of Social Science Funds of Liaoning Province, “Research on the Loyalty and Its Influencing Factors of the People’s Police” No. L17ASH001; Major Cultivation Project of Basic Scientific Research Funds of Central Universities “Research on the Status, Role and Realization Path of Ideological and Political Courses in Public Security Universities in” Political Police Building” No. 3242020019.
The effect of psychological intervention on self-efficacy and coping style of depression patients under medical guidance in colleges and universities
Authors: Li Ronghua , Liu Min 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundDuring the study period in college, students often suffer from depression because of serious psychological depression. When suffering from depression, it is difficult for college students to make effective self-adjustment. This will reduce their sense of self-efficacy, and ultimately lead to college students’ difficulty in effectively relieving their depression. The research points out that psychological intervention can specifically reduce college students’ depression, improve their well-being status, and then enhance their sense of self-efficacy, and promote college students’ rehabilitation.Subjects and MethodsThe study took 108 students with depression admitted to a university hospital as subjects, and randomly divided them into group A and group B. The students in group A were treated with routine psychological intervention, and the students in group B were treated with college medical guidance on the basis of psychological intervention. Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) of the two groups was observed. General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) was used to analyze the change of self-efficacy of the two groups, and the questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate students’ coping style.ResultsThe HAMD and GSES scores of the two groups of students were shown in Table 1. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in the scores after intervention.Table 1.Differences between the two groups of students before and after interventionGroupHAMDGSESQuestionnaire survey on coping styleBefore interventionAfter interventionBefore interventionAfter interventionBefore interventionAfter interventionGroup A19.17±2.6415.22±2.3714.86±2.3520.18±2.5413.19±2.2116.24±3.39Group B19.53±2.4110.06±2.1514.39±2.4825.39±2.6213.22±2.2319.78±3.16P>0.05<0.05>0.05<0.05>0.05<0.05ConclusionsThe self-efficacy of college students with depression has seriously affected their rehabilitation effect. Therefore, the study proposed a psychological intervention strategy combined with college medical guidance. In the effect evaluation, the psychological intervention strategy of medical guidance in colleges and universities can significantly reduce the students’ depression scores and enhance their sense of self-efficacy. Therefore, in college teaching, we need to make full use of college medical guidance to improve the effect of psychological intervention and alleviate students’ depression.AcknowledgementsThe research is supported by: Sichuan Basic Education Research Center, Research on the carrier of patriotism education practice in primary and middle schools (No. 20SZSJYZ-03).
Three‐Dimensional Magnetic Reconnection Spreading in Current Sheets of Non‐Uniform Thickness
Authors: Arencibia Milton , Cassak Paul A. , Shay Michael A. , Qiu Jiong , Petrinec Steven M. , Liang Haoming 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMagnetic reconnection in naturally occurring and laboratory settings often begins locally and elongates, or spreads, in the direction perpendicular to the plane of reconnection. Previous work has largely focused on current sheets with a uniform thickness, for which the predicted spreading speed for anti‐parallel reconnection is the local speed of the current carriers. We derive a scaling theory of three‐dimensional (3D) spreading of collisionless anti‐parallel reconnection in a current sheet with its thickness varying in the out‐of‐plane direction, both for spreading from a thinner to thicker region and a thicker to thinner region. We derive an expression for calculating the time it takes for spreading to occur for a current sheet with a given profile of its thickness. A key result is that when reconnection spreads from a thinner to a thicker region, the spreading speed in the thicker region is slower than both the Alfvén speed and the speed of the local current carriers by a factor of the ratio of thin to thick current sheet thicknesses. This is important because magnetospheric and solar observations have previously measured the spreading speed to be slower than previously predicted, so the present mechanism might explain this feature. We confirm the theory via a parametric study using 3D two‐fluid numerical simulations. We use the prediction to calculate the time scale for reconnection spreading in Earth's magnetotail during geomagnetic activity. The results are also potentially important for understanding reconnection spreading in solar flares and the dayside magnetopause of Earth and other planets.
Nanoindentation of Horn River Basin Shales: The Micromechanical Contrast Between Overburden and Reservoir Formations
Authors: Charlton T. S. , Rouainia M. , Aplin A. C. , Fisher Q. J. , Bowen L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present a micromechanical characterization of shales from the Horn River Basin, NW Canada. The shales have contrasting mineralogy and microstructures and play different geomechanical roles in the field: the sample set covers an unconventional gas reservoir and the overburden unit that serves as the upper fracture barrier. Composition and texture were characterized using X‐ray diffraction, mercury injection porosimetry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Grid nanoindentation testing was used to obtain the mechanical response of the dominant phases in the shale microstructure. Samples were indented parallel and perpendicular to the bedding plane to assess mechanical anisotropy. Chemical analysis of the grids with SEM‐EDS (energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy) was undertaken and the coupled chemo‐mechanical data was used in a statistical clustering procedure (Gaussian mixture model) to reveal the mechanical properties of each phase. The results show that the overburden consists of a soft clay matrix with highly anisotropic elastic stiffness, and stiffer but effectively isotropic inclusions of quartz and feldspar; the significant anisotropy of the overburden has been previously observed on a much larger scale using microseismic data. Creep displacement is concentrated in the clay matrix, which is the key phase for fracture barrier and seal applications. The reservoir units are harder and have more isotropic mechanical responses, primarily due to their lower clay content. Despite varied compositions and microstructures, the major phases of these shales (clay/organic matrix, quartz/feldspar, dolomite, and calcite) have unique mechanical signatures, which will aid identification in future micromechanical characterizations and facilitate their use in upscaling schemes.
Kinematic Slip Evolution During the 2022 Ms 6.8 Luding, China, Earthquake: Compatible With the Preseismic Locked Patch
Authors: Guo Rumeng , Li Luning , Zhang Wenting , Zhang Yijun , Tang Xiongwei , Dai Kun , Li Yu , Zhang Lupeng , Wang Jingqi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe September 2022 Ms 6.8 Luding earthquake broke more than 230 years of seismic calm on the Moxi fault, providing a unique opportunity to understand its seismogenic environment, rupture dynamics, and seismic hazard. Using teleseismic body waves, regional strong‐motion observations, GNSS, and InSAR data, we decipher the spatiotemporal rupture evolution of the mainshock. Combining the elastic dislocation model with surface creep, we find that the coseismic slip correlates closely with a locked patch with a loading rate of 9.7 mm/yr, but the creeping rate is insufficient to make up the shallow slip deficit. Notably, the Luding earthquake ruptured only ∼1/4 of the Moxi seismic gap, and it further increased the stress in the unruptured northern part. We thus argue that the Moxi fault has the potential for magnitude 7+ earthquakes in the near future, although geodetic prediction may overestimate the actual seismic moment released by the coseismic rupture.
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces IL-18-mediated cardiopulmonary inflammation via reduced mitophagy
Authors: Liang Shuxin , Bao Changlei , Yang Zi , Liu Shiyun , Sun Yanan , Cao Weitao , Wang Ting , Schwantes-An Tae-Hwi , Choy John S. , Naidu Samisubbu , Luo Ang , Yin Wenguang , Black Stephen M. , Wang Jian , Ran Pixin , Desai Ankit A. , Tang Haiyang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCardiopulmonary complications are major drivers of mortality caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Interleukin-18, an inflammasome-induced cytokine, has emerged as a novel mediator of cardiopulmonary pathologies but its regulation via SARS-CoV-2 signaling remains unknown. Based on a screening panel, IL-18 was identified amongst 19 cytokines to stratify mortality and hospitalization burden in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Supporting clinical data, administration of SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1 (S1) glycoprotein or receptor-binding domain (RBD) proteins into human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) transgenic mice induced cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction associated with higher NF-κB phosphorylation (pNF-κB) and cardiopulmonary-derived IL-18 and NLRP3 expression. IL-18 inhibition via IL-18BP resulted in decreased cardiac pNF-κB and improved cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction in S1- or RBD-exposed hACE2 mice. Through in vivo and in vitro work, both S1 and RBD proteins induced NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-18 expression by inhibiting mitophagy and increasing mitochondrial reactive oxygenation species. Enhancing mitophagy prevented Spike protein-mediated IL-18 expression. Moreover, IL-18 inhibition reduced Spike protein-mediated pNF-κB and EC permeability. Overall, the link between reduced mitophagy and inflammasome activation represents a novel mechanism during COVID-19 pathogenesis and suggests IL-18 and mitophagy as potential therapeutic targets.
Lack of adipocyte IP3R1 reduces diet-induced obesity and greatly improves whole-body glucose homeostasis
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wang Lu , Wang Yubo , He Linjuan , Xu Doudou , Yan Enfa , Guo Jianxin , Ma Chenghong , Zhang Pengguang , Yin Jingdong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe normal function of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue ensures whole-body glucose homeostasis. Ca2+ release channel inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 (IP3R1) plays a vital role in regulating diet-induced obesity and disorders, but its functions in peripheral tissue regulating glucose homeostasis remain unexplored. In this study, mice with Ip3r1 specific knockout in skeletal muscle or adipocytes were used for investigating the mediatory role of IP3R1 on whole-body glucose homeostasis under normal or high-fat diet. We reported that IP3R1 expression levels were increased in the white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of diet-induced obese mice. Ip3r1 knockout in skeletal muscle improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of mice on a normal chow diet, but worsened insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice. These changes were associated with the reduced muscle weight and compromised Akt signaling activation. Importantly, Ip3r1 deletion in adipocytes protected mice from diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance, mainly due to the enhanced lipolysis and AMPK signaling pathway in the visceral fat. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that IP3R1 in skeletal muscle and adipocytes exerts divergent effects on systemic glucose homeostasis, and characterizes adipocyte IP3R1 as a promising target for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes.