bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlates of physical activity and sedentary behavior in adults living with overweight and obesity: A systematic review
Authors: Curran Fiona , Davis Mary E. , Murphy Kaitlyn , Tersigni Natasha , King Adam , Ngo Nina , O'Donoghue Gráinne 
Published: August 2023

SummaryOverweight and obesity are consistently associated with lower physical activity (PA) levels and greater sedentary behavior (SB) in population studies. To date, no review has evaluated the factors associated with these behaviors in the specific population who have developed obesity/overweight. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the correlates/determinants of SB and PA in adults with overweight and obesity. Five databases were searched for studies, which reported factors or outcomes relating to PA or SB in adults living with overweight/obesity, published from 1980 to 2021. The factors were categorized using a socioecological model, strength, and direction of association. Of 34,058 articles retrieved, 45 studies were included, and 155 factors were identified. Self‐efficacy, intrinsic motivation, exercise enjoyment, self‐perceived good health, and social support were consistently associated with higher levels of PA. Consistent negative correlations were married females, increased BMI, obesity severity, pain, number of comorbidities, lack of time, energy, and willpower, and hilly terrain. Few studies (n = 12) examined SB, and no evidence for consistent associations were found. This review identified several correlates specific to PA in this population. Further studies are required to identify directionality and distal correlates for PA and all correlate levels of SB.
Increases in functional diversity of mountain plant communities is mainly driven by species turnover under climate change
Authors: Schuchardt Max A. , Berauer Bernd J. , Duc Anh Le , Ingrisch Johannes , Niu Yujie , Bahn Michael , Jentsch Anke 
Published: August 2023

Warming in mountain regions is projected to be three times faster than the global average. Pronounced climate change will likely lead to species reshuffling in mountain plant communities and consequently change ecosystem resilience and functioning. Yet, little is known about the role of inter‐ versus intraspecific changes of plant traits and their consequences for functional richness and evenness of mountain plant communities under climate change. We performed a downslope translocation experiment of intact plant‐soil mesocosms from an alpine pasture and a subalpine grassland in the Swiss and Austrian Alps to simulate an abrupt shift in climate and removal of dispersal barriers. Translocated plant communities experienced warmer and dryer climatic conditions. We found a considerable shift from resource conservative to resource acquisitive leaf‐economy in the two climate change scenarios. However, shifts in leaf‐economy were mainly attributable to species turnover, namely colonization by novel lowland species with trait expressions for a wider range of resource use. We also found an increase in vegetative height of the warmed and drought‐affected alpine plant community, while trait plasticity to warming and drought was limited to few graminoid species of the subalpine plant community. Our results highlight the contrast between the strong competitive potential of novel lowland species in quickly occupying available niche space and native species' lack of both the intraspecific trait variability and the plant functional trait expressions needed to increase functional richness under warming and drought. This is particularly important for the trailing range of many mountain species (i.e. subalpine zone) where upward moving lowland species are becoming more abundant and abiotic climate stressors are likely to become more frequent in the near future. Our study emphasizes mountain plant communities' vulnerability to novel climates and biotic interactions under climate change and highlights graminoid species as potential winners of a warmer and dryer future.Keywords: alpine grassland, functional diversity, invasion, species turnover, traitspace, translocation
“The Curse of the Stillborn”: Margery Lawrence's Egyptian troubling of imperial eugenics
Authors: Darnbrough Leanne Rae 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite the broad popularity of Britain's imperial project in the 1920s (among Britons), fears of native fecundity coupled with burgeoning support for the “science” of eugenics fomented a cultural discourse keen to bolster British claims to inherent superiority, and thus, to a legitimacy of their colonial aims. Egypt was a prime literary setting for teasing at various aspects of the concept of the colony: the early heights to which their civilization grew, the wave of Egyptmania sweeping Europe in the nneteenth and twentieth centuries, the contemporaneous political situation, and the local birthrate all contributed to Egypt as an apt setting from which to critique colonialism. Meanwhile, Egypt's enigmatic aura meant it lent itself well to the genre of the supernatural, prone to probing at the horrors of the colonizing project. Within this framework, Margery Lawrence's 1925/6 short story “The Curse of the Stillborn” offers a unique perspective on eugenic discourse and the imperial project. While maintaining certain elements of a eugenic discourse “The Curse of the Stillborn” warns of the scars awaiting those who would dare interfere in the instinctive, ancient burial rites of the colonized subjects.
Are public spaces welcoming to all? A conjoint experiment on cultural representation and inclusionary practices in museums
Authors: Mohr Zachary , Olivares Alexandra , Piatak Jaclyn 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhile art should be for everyone, public institutions like museums are not always inclusive to all members of society. Arts participation varies by sociodemographic characteristics despite the numerous benefits of the arts. To date, much of the research has focused on how visitor characteristics influence museums, but how do museum characteristics influence arts participation? We employ a conjoint experiment where respondents assess how they value different art museum attributes. In particular, we examine differences in cultural representation of artists and museum programming as well as accessibility in terms of object labels and cost. Our findings support the need for greater use of inclusionary practices and cultural representation in museums, particularly for more relatable language labels and more community‐based program events. We also find notable differences across subgroups, such as partisanship and race, emphasizing the need for more representative, accessible, and inclusive museums.
Deciphering the inheritance of fertility restoration and influence of environmental factors on maldandi source of male sterility in rabi sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]
Authors: Kariyannanavar Prashant , Wali Mruthunjaya C. , Biradar Basavaraj D. , Chattannavar Shivasharan N. , Kubsad Vijayanand S. , Verma Lokesh Kumar , S Venkatesh , N Pavan Kumar , Revanasiddayya  
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the inheritance pattern of fertility restoration in hybrids resulting from crosses between a male sterile line (M31‐2A), a maldandi cytoplasm, and two promising restorers (DSMR‐4 and DSMR‐8). The evaluation of hybrids was conducted in two sets of experiments, including the F2, BC1F1 and F2, F3 generations. The segregation pattern was analysed in the F2 and BC1F1 generations, resulting in a 54:10 ratio of fertile to sterile plants and a 1:1 ratio of fertile to sterile plants, respectively. This indicated the involvement of three genes, at least two of which must be in a dominant condition for restoration to occur, acting in a duplicate complementary manner. In the F3 generation, both crosses were grown to confirm the stability of restorers, and they segregated in the ratio of 10 true‐breeding families and 44 segregating families, which was consistent with the F2 ratio. Additionally, this study observed the influence of rainfall on the partial restoration pattern over seasons, as restorer genes are up or down‐regulated depending on the availability of water.
MtESN2 is a subgroup II sulphate transporter required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation and prevention of nodule early senescence in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Ma Yanlin , Zhu Weike , Zhao Weichen , Zhang Beihong , He Juanxia , Zhang Chenyan , Li Peng , Hu Yibo , Zhou Zaicai , Yan Zezhang , Li Juanjuan , Cai Wenkai , Ren Guangpeng , Chen Rujin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdequate distribution of mineral sulphur (S) nutrition to nodules mediated by sulphate transporters is crucial for nitrogen fixation in symbiosis establishment process. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain largely unknown. In this study, we characterized the function of Early Senescent Nodule 2 (MtESN2), a gene crucial to nitrogen fixation in Medicago truncatula. Mutations in MtESN2 resulted in severe developmental and functional defects including dwarf shoots, early senescent nodules, and lower nitrogenase activity under symbiotic conditions compared to wild‐type plants. MtESN2 encodes an M. truncatula sulphate transporter that is expressed only in roots and nodules, with the highest expression levels in the transition zone and nitrogen‐fixing zone of nodules. MtESN2 exhibited sulphate transport activity when expressed in yeast. Immunolocalization analysis showed that MtESN2‐yellow fluorescent protein fusion protein was localized to the plasma membranes of both uninfected and infected cells of nodules, where it might transport sulphate into both rhizobia‐infected and uninfected cells within the nodules. Our results reveal an unreported sulphate transporter that contributes to effective symbiosis and prevents nodule early senescence in M. truncatula.
Advertising grammars and dictionaries in the Venetian printing market: A linguistic analysis of title pages
Authors: Serra Eleonora 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTitle‐pages represent an interesting and under‐researched type of paratextual material in the context of the Italian early modern book market. Drawing on pragma‐linguistic approaches not yet applied in the Italian context, this paper offers an analysis of title‐pages of vernacular grammars and lexicographic works that were printed in Venice in the sixteenth and early seventeenth century (31 works).In Venice, which was the hub of vernacular codification, this new genre saw increasing attempts at popularization as more and more readers demanded straightforward tools that would help them learn literary Tuscan. My analysis focuses on the marketing strategies employed by publishers, printers, and authors – viewed together as a community of practice – on the title‐pages of these works. Focus is placed on the genre labels employed in primary titles, the presentation of the author's credentials, intended readership, printer and publisher, and dedication, as well as on the modifications applied by Venetian publishers when it came to re‐print and popularize non‐Venetian works. By exploring strategies used to guide and attract target audiences, this article aims to show that linguistic approaches are useful in the study of Italian paratexts and confirms the importance of including paratextual features in studies of historical sociolinguistics.
Locally adaptive Bayesian isotonic regression using half shrinkage priors
Authors: Okano Ryo , Hamura Yasuyuki , Irie Kaoru , Sugasawa Shonosuke 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIsotonic regression or monotone function estimation is a problem of estimating function values under monotonicity constraints, which appears naturally in many scientific fields. This paper proposes a new Bayesian method with global–local shrinkage priors for estimating monotone function values. Specifically, we introduce half shrinkage priors for positive valued random variables and assign them for the first‐order differences of function values. We also develop fast and simple Gibbs sampling algorithms for full posterior analysis. By incorporating advanced shrinkage priors, the proposed method is adaptive to local abrupt changes or jumps in target functions. We show this adaptive property theoretically by proving that the posterior mean estimators are robust to large differences and that asymptotic risk for unchanged points can be improved. Finally, we demonstrate the proposed methods through simulations and applications to a real data set.
Goal disruption during COVID‐19: Reimagining goals during a global pandemic
Authors: Svensson Hayley , Shoots‐Reinhard Brittany , Cole Shana 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has been a major source of professional and personal disruption and has had both direct and downstream consequences on almost every aspect of peoples' lives, including their personal goal pursuits. In the face of unexpected hardships and obstacles, people have had to find new paths to goal achievement. In the present work, we examined whether difficulty adjusting goal pursuit during the global disruption of the COVID‐19 pandemic is related to negative affective, cognitive, and behavioral goal‐related outcomes. Across two studies, we found that people who had more difficulty adjusting their goal pursuit during the pandemic experienced more negative feelings toward their goals, were less satisfied with the status of their goals, and were less likely to actually achieve their goals. Moreover, individual differences in planning tendencies, need for predictability, general adaptability, and perceived pandemic disruption were related to more difficulty adjusting goal pursuit. This work demonstrates the importance of flexibility in the face of setbacks and obstacles, especially during times of disruption and uncertainty.
Evaluation of short‐term face rejuvenation effects of non‐ablative bipolar radiofrequency treatment performed by Med‐RF©device
Authors: Palmieri Beniamino , Vadala Maria , Rottigni Valentina , Aspiro Anna , Di Carmine Maria Stella , Scarano Antonio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveSkin laxity and wrinkling are common signs of the aging process. This physiological condition of the skin is often accompanied by psychological and social concerns, especially for females, entailing considerable expenses for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals to cease or slow down its advancement.The objective of this study was to evaluate the short‐term impact of a new non‐ablative radiofrequency device available in the skin face cosmetic field.MethodsA randomized study was run on 62 healthy subjects with normal‐age related–grade skin laxity, subdivided into two groups. Group 1 received one treatment with Modula RF device (Wavemed, San Cesareo RM, Italy) over the whole face surface. Group 2 received three monthly treatments.ResultsClinical improvements of the exposed areas were detected by measuring skin parameters, such as total water content, elasticity, and sebum levels at baseline and 1 h after the treatment. Data showed significant effects of Med‐RF treatment on skin hydration (p< 0.001), skin elasticity (p< 0.0001), and sebum (p= 0.0009). Moreover, a negative linear correlation was obtained between women's age and hydration.ConclusionIn conclusion, the results of this study suggest that radiofrequency significantly improves the subjective and objective judgment of patients and doctors, supported by the positive results obtained on the skin quality parameters evaluated. These results confirm that Med‐RF technology represents an important tool to achieve face rejuvenation in the field of non‐invasive procedures.
Green tech race? The US Inflation Reduction Act and the EU Net Zero Industry Act
Authors: Kleimann David , Poitiers Niclas , Sapir André , Tagliapietra Simone , Véron Nicolas , Veugelers Reinhilde , Zettelmeyer Jeromin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe 2022 United States Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) is a significant and welcome climate law. It also includes trade‐distortive subsidies, including local‐content requirements prohibited under World Trade Organisation rules – the first time the US has done this and a blow to the international trading system that could trigger protectionism in other countries. The expected IRA green subsidies are of similar size to those available in the European Union, except in renewable energy production, where EU subsidies remain larger. However, there are important qualitative differences. In this article, we conduct a quantitative and qualitative comparison of the IRA with its preexisting European counterparts. We identify three main differences: European subsidies are less discriminatory, more focused on innovation rather than deployment and more fragmented than the IRA. Some IRA subsidies discriminate against foreign producers while EU subsidies do not. IRA clean‐tech subsidies are simpler, longer‐term and less fragmented, and they focus mainly on mass deployment of green technologies rather than innovation. We then examine the proposed EU reaction to IRA, the Net Zero Industry Act and discuss how it should be improved by the EU co‐legislators (the European Parliament and the EU Council) so as to become a useful building block towards a more comprehensive EU green industrial policy.
The intestinal microbiota predicts COVID-19 severity and fatality regardless of hospital feeding method
Authors: Bucci Vanni , Ward Doyle V. , Bhattarai Shakti , Rojas-Correa Mayra , Purkayastha Ayan , Holler Devon , Qu Ming Da , Mitchell William G. , Yang Jason , Fountain Samuel , Zeamer Abigail , Forconi Catherine S. , Fujimori Gavin , Odwar Boaz , Cawley Caitlin , Moormann Ann M. , Wessolossky Mireya , Maldonado-Contreras Ana 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
SARS-CoV-2-positive patients exhibit gut and oral microbiome dysbiosis, which is associated with various aspects of COVID-19 disease (1–4). Here, we aim to identify gut and oral microbiome markers that predict COVID-19 severity in hospitalized patients, specifically severely ill patients compared to moderately ill ones. Moreover, we investigate whether hospital feeding (solid versus enteral), an important cofounder, influences the microbial composition of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. We used random forest classification machine learning models with interpretable secondary analyses. The gut, but not the oral microbiota, was a robust predictor of both COVID-19-related fatality and severity of hospitalized patients, with a higher predictive value than most clinical variables. In addition, perturbations of the gut microbiota due to enteral feeding did not associate with species that were predictive of COVID-19 severity.

IMPORTANCE
SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to wide-ranging, systemic symptoms with sometimes unpredictable morbidity and mortality. It is increasingly clear that the human microbiome plays an important role in how individuals respond to viral infections. Our study adds to important literature about the associations of gut microbiota and severe COVID-19 illness during the early phase of the pandemic before the availability of vaccines. Increased understanding of the interplay between microbiota and SARS-CoV-2 may lead to innovations in diagnostics, therapies, and clinical predictions.
Value of indomethacin suppository for preoperative analgesia and anti-inflammation in laparoscopic appendectomy: a protocol of prospective, double-blinded, single-centre, randomised controlled trial in China
Authors: Gao Jinhong , Hao Shaolong , Liu Yong , Han Wei , Weng Yibing , Zhao Xinyu 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionPostoperative pain has always been a problem for patients and surgeons. Local inflammation, surgical trauma and pain in the body can cause a systemic stress response and immune imbalance, which can affect the patient’s rapid recovery. Currently, most of the perioperative pain management is focused on the postoperative phase. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin suppository has antipyretic and analgesic effects. This study will evaluate the value of indomethacin suppository for analgesia and anti-inflammation before laparoscopic appendectomy (LA).Methods and analysisA single-centre, double-blinded (clinician, assessor, data entry), randomised controlled trial will be conducted in 128 adult patients undergoing LA under emergency general anaesthesia with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) >2. The trial was divided into two groups (n=64) using a randomised number table: group A will be given 100 mg of indomethacin suppository rectally and group B will be given 8 mg of intravenous lornoxicam. The postoperative analgesic effect, inflammatory response and incidence of postoperative adverse effects will be compared.Ethics and disseminationThe study is in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and will be conducted in accordance with the principles of Good Clinical Practice. This trial was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University (2021-LHKY-123-02). We will disseminate our study findings at national and international paediatric research conferences.Trial registration numberChinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200062004).
UNITE Project: understanding neurocognitive impairment after trauma exposure–study protocol of an observational study in Christchurch, New Zealand
Authors: Douglas Katie , Bell Caroline , Tanveer Sandila , Eggleston Kate , Porter Richard , Boden Joseph 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionOur previous research has demonstrated significant cognitive effects of earthquake exposure 2–3 years following the Canterbury earthquake sequence of 2011. Such impairment has major implications for a population trying to recover, and to rebuild, a devastated city. This study aims to examine psychological, cognitive and biological factors that may contribute to subjective cognitive difficulties in a large group of individuals exposed to the Canterbury earthquake sequence.Methods and analysisTwo-hundred earthquake-exposed participants from an existing large cohort study (Christchurch Health and Development Study, CHDS) will be recruited. Inclusion is based on results of online screening of the CHDS cohort, using the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire. Individuals scoring the highest (n=100) and lowest (n=100), representing the highest and lowest levels of subjective cognitive impairment, are selected. Exclusions are: psychotic/bipolar disorders, serious substance/alcohol dependence, chronic medical conditions, pregnancy and previous serious head injury. Participants will undergo a half-day assessment including clinician-rated interviews, self-report measures, objective and subjective cognitive assessments, blood sample collection and physical measurements. The primary analysis will compare cognitive, psychological and biological measures in ‘high’ and ‘low’ subjective cognitive impairment groups. The study will have power (p<0.05, α=0.8) to show a difference between groups of 0.4 SD on any variable.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this study was granted by the New Zealand Health and Disability Ethics Committee. The online screening component of the study received ethical approval on 1 April 2021 (16/STH/188, PAF 7), and the main study (subsequent to screening) received approval on 16 August 2021 (Northern A 21/NTA/68). All participants provide written informed consent. Findings will be disseminated initially to the CHDS cohort members, the wider Canterbury community, and then by publication in scientific journals and conference presentations.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT05090046).