bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of management objectives and rules on marine conservation outcomes
Authors: Ban Natalie C. , Darling Emily S. , Gurney Georgina G. , Friedman Whitney , Jupiter Stacy D. , Lestari W. Peni , Yulianto Irfan , Pardede Sinta , Tarigan Sukma A. R. , Prihatiningsih Puji , Mangubhai Sangeeta , Naisilisili Waisea , Dulunaqio Sirilo , Naggea Josheena , Ranaivoson Ravaka , Agostini Vera N. , Ahmadia Gabby , Blythe Jessica , Campbell Stuart J. , Claudet Joachim , Cox Courtney , Epstein Graham , Estradivari  , Fox Margaret , Gill David , Himes‐Cornell Amber , Jonas Harry , Mcleod Elizabeth , Muthiga Nyawira A. , McClanahan Tim 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the relative effectiveness and enabling conditions of different area‐based management tools is essential for supporting efforts that achieve positive biodiversity outcomes as area‐based conservation coverage increases to meet newly set international targets. We used data from a coastal social–ecological monitoring program in 6 Indo‐Pacific countries to analyze whether social, ecological, and economic objectives and specific management rules (temporal closures, fishing gear‐specific, species‐specific restrictions) were associated with coral reef fish biomass above sustainable yield levels across different types of area‐based management tools (i.e., comparing those designated as marine protected areas [MPAs] with other types of area‐based management). All categories of objectives, multiple combinations of rules, and all types of area‐based management had some sites that were able to sustain high levels of reef fish biomass—a key measure for coral reef functioning—compared with reference sites with no area‐based management. Yet, the same management types also had sites with low biomass. As governments advance their commitments to the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the target to conserve 30% of the planet's land and oceans by 2030, we found that although different types of management can be effective, most of the managed areas in our study regions did not meet criteria for effectiveness. These findings underscore the importance of strong management and governance of managed areas and the need to measure the ecological impact of area‐based management rather than counting areas because of their designation.
Using LSTM neural networks for cross‐lingual phonetic speech segmentation with an iterative correction procedure
Authors: Hanzlíček Zdeněk , Matoušek Jindřich , Vít Jakub 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article describes experiments on speech segmentation using long short‐term memory recurrent neural networks. The main part of the paper deals with multi‐lingual and cross‐lingual segmentation, that is, it is performed on a language different from the one on which the model was trained. The experimental data involves large Czech, English, German, and Russian speech corpora designated for speech synthesis. For optimal multi‐lingual modeling, a compact phonetic alphabet was proposed by sharing and clustering phones of particular languages. Many experiments were performed exploring various experimental conditions and data combinations. We proposed a simple procedure that iteratively adapts the inaccurate default model to the new voice/language. The segmentation accuracy was evaluated by comparison with reference segmentation created by a well‐tuned hidden Markov model‐based framework with additional manual corrections. The resulting segmentation was also employed in a unit selection text‐to‐speech system. The generated speech quality was compared with the reference segmentation by a preference listening test.
Fracture durability of composite–titanium adhesively bonded structures exposed to seawater environment
Authors: Wang Jian , Gao Jiaxin , Bi Yunbo , Jiang Junxia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the fracture durability of composite–titanium adhesively bonded structures exposed to seawater environment was studied experimentally and numerically. The specimens were immersed in artificial seawater at 45°C for different exposure times. The results show that the tensile strength of the specimen aging for 130 days degraded by nearly 55.6%, and the degradation of the mechanical properties of adhesive was not only affected by the moisture but also showed a certain relationship with aging time. Under the condition of saturated moisture, the tensile strength of the specimen still decreased with the increase of aging time. The simulated moisture results of the aging fracture specimen indicate that the moisture of the boundary region of the adhesive layer was mainly absorbed from the adhesive itself, while the moisture of the central region was dependent on the moisture absorption of the composite adherend. Moreover, the moisture absorption of the pre‐crack tip adhesive resulted in different load responses and fracture modes of the aging fracture specimens. Consequently, the fracture toughness of the DCB and ENF specimens aging for 180 days degraded by nearly 66.4% and 33.0%, respectively.
Representing buildings and urban features in hydrodynamic flood models
Authors: Iliadis Christos , Glenis Vassilis , Kilsby Chris 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFlood risk in cities and built‐up areas is a major threat which is likely to grow due to increased urbanisation and climate change. It is a priority for urban planning, civil defence and insurance to accurately represent buildings and urban features in hydrodynamic models to assess flood risk to people, properties, assets and infrastructure in an uncertain future. The correct representation of urban features in models is currently blocked by the lack of detailed and accurate techniques and has become a priority for the improvement of urban flood modelling now that better data and computational resources are available. This study has reviewed the available approaches for the representation of buildings and urban features and implemented the widely used ‘stubby building’ approximation as well as a more realistic and innovative ‘building hole’ approach using the hydrodynamic model CityCAT. The city centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, was used as a case study, allowing independent validation of the methods and direct, systematic comparison of performance. Shortcomings of the approximate method are described, and guidance given on limits to its reliable application and scope for improvement.
Collaborative practice in type 2 diabetes management in a developing country: A qualitative study of perceptions and attitudes of key stakeholders
Authors: Desse Tigestu Alemu , Namara Kevin M. C. , Yifter Helen , Manias Elizabeth 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore collaborative practice and perceptions and attitudes of key stakeholders on collaboration in type 2 diabetes management in a tertiary care setting.BackgroundUnderstanding collaborative practice in diabetes care in developing countries helps to design and provide patient‐centred and cost‐effective care.DesignAn exploratory qualitative study.MethodsInterviews were undertaken with 30 patients and 18 health professionals and policymakers. Thematic data analysis was undertaken to explore collaborative practice and examine participant perspectives on collaboration in diabetes management. We compared the findings with D'Amour's Collaboration Framework to determine the level of collaboration.ResultsMost participants reported a lack of collaborative practice in diabetes management, while they appreciated its importance in improving care. Perceptions varied with respect to what constituted collaborative practice. Three themes were identified: (1) perspectives of key stakeholders on current practice of collaboration; (2) impediments to collaborative practice; (3) strategies to improve collaborative practice. Analyses of the themes using D'Amour's Collaboration Framework indicated a low level of collaboration among physicians, nurses, pharmacists and policymakers, which was attributed to workload and time pressures on health professionals, power dynamics and lack of role clarity of all actors in collaborative action. Participants commented on the need to improve collaboration by establishing strong leadership and governance at different healthcare structure levels, which is committed to coordinating collaboration and developing collaborative frameworks and policies that guide collaborative undertaking.ConclusionsPerceived shortcomings of collaboration were attributed to inadequate resources, power dynamics, a lack of strong team functioning and policies. Participants' positive perceptions provide an opportunity to improve collaborative practice through incorporation of collaborative frameworks and policies.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe findings in this study inform development of tailored and patient‐centred diabetes care in tertiary care settings in sub‐Saharan Africa.Reporting MethodThe study was reported in accordance with the COREQ checklist.Patient or Public ContributionPatients or the public were not involved in the design, analysis or interpretation of the data in this study. However, patients and healthcare providers participated in pilot interviews, which helped refine the interview guides. The summary of the findings of the study was also discussed with patients and healthcare providers, where they provided feedback.
Phenology and thallus size in a non‐native population of Gracilaria vermiculophylla
Authors: Krueger‐Hadfield Stacy A. , Oetterer Alexis P. , Lees Lauren E. , Hoffman Jessica M. , Sotka Erik E. , Murren Courtney J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPhenology, or seasonal variation in life cycle events, is poorly described for many macroalgal species. We describe the phenology of a non‐native population of Gracilaria vermiculophylla whose thalli are free‐living or anchored by decorating polychaetes to tube caps. At a site in South Carolina, USA, we sampled 100 thalli approximately every month from January 2014 to January 2015. We assessed the reproductive state and measured thallus size based on wet weight, thallus length, and thallus surface area from herbarium mounts. Because life cycle stage cannot be assigned using morphology, we implemented a PCR assay to determine the life cycle stage—tetrasporophyte, female gametophyte, or male gametophyte—of each thallus. Tetrasporophytes dominated throughout the year, making up 81%–100% of thalli sampled per month. Reproductive tetrasporophytes varied between 0% and 65% of monthly samples and were most common in warm summer months (July through September) when thalli also tended to be larger. The vast majority of the reproductive thalli were worm‐anchored and not fixed to hard substratum via a holdfast. Thus, free‐living thalli can be reproductive and potentially seed new non‐native populations. Given G. vermiculophylla reproduction seems tied closely to temperature, our work suggests phenology may change with climate‐related changes in seawater temperatures. We also highlight the importance of understanding the natural history of macroalgae to better understand the consequence of range expansions on population dynamics.
18S rDNA gene metabarcoding of microeukaryotes and epi‐endophytes in the holobiome of seven species of large brown algae
Authors: Bjorbækmo Marit F. Markussen , Brodie Juliet , Krabberød Anders K. , Logares Ramiro , Fuss Janina , Fredriksen Stein , Wold‐Dobbe Anders , Shalchian‐Tabrizi Kamran , Bass David 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBrown algae (Phaeophyceae) are habitat‐forming species in coastal ecosystems and include kelp forests and seaweed beds that support a wide diversity of marine life. Host‐associated microbial communities are an integral part of phaeophyte biology, and whereas the bacterial microbial partners have received considerable attention, the microbial eukaryotes associated with brown algae have hardly been studied. Here, we used broadly targeted “pan‐eukaryotic” primers (metabarcoding) to investigate brown algal‐associated eukaryotes (the eukaryome). Using this approach, we aimed to investigate the eukaryome of seven large brown algae that are important and common species in coastal ecosystems. We also aimed to assess whether these macroalgae harbor novel eukaryotic diversity and to ascribe putative functional roles to the host‐associated eukaryome based on taxonomic affiliation and phylogenetic placement. We detected a significant diversity of microeukaryotic and algal lineages associated with the brown algal species investigated. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were taxonomically assigned to 10 of the eukaryotic major supergroups, including taxonomic groups known to be associated with seaweeds as epibionts, endobionts, parasites, and commensals. Additionally, we revealed previously unrecorded sequence types, including novel phaeophyte OTUs, particularly in the Fucus spp. samples, that may represent fucoid genomic variants, sequencing artifacts, or undescribed epi‐/endophytes. Our results provide baseline data and technical insights that will be useful for more comprehensive seaweed eukaryome studies investigating the evidently lineage‐rich and functionally diverse symbionts of brown algae.
Clinical competency of dental health professionals and students in diagnosing oral mucosal lesions
Authors: Idrees Majdy , Halimi Rodwan , Gadiraju Shashank , Frydrych Agnieszka M. , Kujan Omar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveProper identification of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) provides an opportunity for oral cancer prevention. This study aims to assess the competency of dental health professionals in identifying OPMDs and, in turn, reducing the incidence of oral malignancy by early detection.MethodsA 26‐case online questionnaire of oral mucosal lesions was distributed to cohorts of 363 dental health professionals and dental students in Australia. The participants were asked to provide their provisional diagnosis for each case based on the available information.ResultsThe overall accuracy in identifying oral mucosal lesions was 65.9%. There were no significant differences in the overall diagnostic accuracies between dental specialists, general dental practitioners and final‐year dental students (p > 0.05). The lowest diagnostic accuracies were associated with normal mucosal variations and OPMDs. The predoctoral dental curriculum showed statistically significant values in terms of improving skills in diagnosing oral mucosal lesions.ConclusionsLack of adequate knowledge in identifying OPMDs was evident among the participants, highlighting a non‐promising figure in reducing the incidence of oral cancers in Australia. Comprehensive modifications of the current continuing professional development system are required to ensure adequate knowledge among dental health providers in Australia.
Prognostic impact of muscle invasion in buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wu Yan , Wang Shuai , Zhang Weixian , Zhu Feng , Zhang Lei , Chen Sheng , Ye Chuanjin , Sun Yawei , Huang Xiaofeng , Celentano Antonio , Ni Yanhong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to assess the prognostic value of muscle invasion (MI), a key histopathological feature of tumor aggressiveness, and construct a superior prognostic prediction model combining the current TNM staging system.Materials and MethodsMI was analyzed in the whole‐slide images from a total of 301 patients with primary buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma (BMSCC). Survival times of patients with/without MI were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis. MI was further combined with the TNM staging system to explore its predictive value for prognosis. Moreover, 204 cases of head and neck carcinoma from the TCGA database were included.ResultsMI positive rate reached to 76% (229/301) in patients with BMSCC. MI was associated with poor overall survival (p = 0.012) and disease‐free survival (p = 0.022). The novel system (TNM staging combined with MI) revealed strong predictive performance, with the largest area under the curve (OS: p < 0.001, DFS: p < 0.004). MI and the established classification system were also had good predictive ability in the TCGA cohort.ConclusionsMI is an independent predictor of poor prognosis of BMSCC. The inclusion of MI in prediction system can augment the risk stratification of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and may assist in the clinical decision‐making process.
A neonate with aseptic cutaneous necrosis related to the migration of the proximal central venous catheter infusion port
Authors: Thimmarayan Gokul , Schmitz Michael , Guerrero Jorge , Garcia Xiomara , Zhang Sairi , Chau Destiny 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe report a case of aseptic cutaneous necrosis from extravasation of calcium chloride at the proximal port of a central venous catheter (CVC). A right internal jugular CVC was placed with ultrasound guidance using contemporary guidelines for size and insertion site. Catheter migration occurred concurrent with development of postoperative anasarca. Four days later, leakage of infusate with skin necrosis was noted at the insertion site. Despite initial proper positioning, catheter ports can migrate out of intravascular structures due to postprocedural subcutaneous edema. Intravascular confirmation should be performed regularly for infants with localized or generalized edema.
Pathogenesis‐directed treatment of linear porokeratosis with topical cholesterol‐lovastatin
Authors: Maredia Hasina , Hand Jennifer L. , Tollefson Megha M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA 2‐year‐old boy presented with an extensive, asymptomatic, photosensitive eruption refractory to topical steroids and tretinoin; examination and biopsies were consistent with generalized linear porokeratosis involving the face, limbs, and trunk. Treatment with topical cholesterol‐lovastatin was initiated, and it successfully improved early erythematous lesions. Whole exome sequencing that targeted mevalonate pathway genes crucial in cholesterol synthesis later revealed a pathogenic, paternally inherited, porokeratosis‐associated MVD, c.70+5 G>A, mutation. Topical cholesterol‐lovastatin is a safe and effective empiric treatment for porokeratosis when used in the early, erythematous phase, and its success is likely mediated through its role in targeting mevalonate pathway mutations.
Risk literacy: Foundational issues and its connection to risk science
Authors: Aven Terje 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA new research area is developing, risk literacy. The term “risk literacy” basically refers to one's ability to understand and evaluate risk, in order to support and make appropriate decisions. In this article, we discuss how risk literacy relates to risk analysis/science with its topics of risk fundamentals (concepts), risk understanding, risk assessments, risk characterizations, risk perception, risk communication, and risk handling (covering risk management, risk governance, and policies on risk). We question how issues and research topics addressed in risk literacy relate to risk analysis/science knowledge, particularly on risk understanding. The main conclusion of the article is that risk literacy addresses an important topic—from both a theoretical and a practical societal relevancy perspective—and brings the potential for many additional developments and further insights if the topic is better integrated with risk science knowledge more broadly.
Integrating intercohort changes in the composition of social origin into OED triangle research: A literature review and an outlook for future research
Authors: Blossfeld Pia Nicoletta 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis contribution highlights that conventional social mobility research in the sociological sciences is faced with a severe limitation, as it neglects the importance of intercohort changes in the social origin structure. This is illustrated by the example of OED triangle research, in which compositional changes are only partially recognized as important factors for social fluidity. The paper shows that the implications of an intercohort compositional change of social origin in the process of educational expansion and occupational change have often been overlooked in this literature. The paper makes theoretical and methodological suggestions for a better integration of the compositional change of social origin into future empirical analyses of the OED triangle.
Does decreasing the incubation period used in the antibody screen affect its sensitivity?
Authors: Kenneday Grace , Chih Hui Jun , Finch Susan , Ellery Paul 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundPre‐transfusion testing (PTT) encompasses a set of mandatory laboratory tests performed before red blood cell transfusion. The antibody screen, one component of PTT, commonly includes a 10–20 min incubation. The primary aim of this study was to determine if this period can be reduced when using current immunohematology methodologies.Methods and MaterialsAntibody screens were performed on reagent samples using Glass or Gel‐based column agglutination technologies (CAT) and a solid phase red cell adherence (SPRCA) assay, with incubation periods of 1, 5, 10 and 15 min, and 20 min (SPRCA assay only). For each method, the shortest period producing a minimum of a 1+ reaction with all reagent samples was considered optimal. The sensitivity of each assay using the optimal period was calculated after performing antibody screens on 100 patient samples.Results and DiscussionIt was demonstrated that the incubation period in the SPRCA and Glass CAT systems can be reduced to 5 and 10 min, respectively, while achieving high assay sensitivity (98.9% in both). The incubation period in the Gel CAT system cannot be reduced from 15 min. Significant association between titre and reaction strength was observed for all three screening methods (p < 0.001 for both CAT methods, p = 0.041 for SPRCA). This study demonstrates that the incubation period used in the antibody screen can be reduced when using systems employing the Glass CAT and SPRCA methods, without affecting assay sensitivity. If confirmed, it could result in faster completion of PTT.
Abduction and Deduction in Dynamical Cognitive Science
Authors: Chemero Anthony 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper reviews the recent history of a subset of research in dynamical cognitive science, in particular that subset that allies itself with the sciences of complexity and casts cognitive systems as interaction dominant, noncomputational, and nonmodular. I look at this history in the light of C.S. Peirce's understanding of scientific reasoning as progressing from abduction to deduction to induction. In particular, I examine the development of a controversy concerning the use of the interaction dominance of human cognitive systems as an explanation of the ubiquitous 1/f noise, multifractality, and complexity matching in human behavior.
An identity in the Bethe subalgebra of C[Sn]$\mathbb {C}[\mathfrak {S}_n]$
Authors: Purbhoo Kevin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs part of the proof of the Bethe ansatz conjecture for the Gaudin model for , Mukhin, Tarasov, and Varchenko described a correspondence between inverse Wronskians of polynomials and eigenspaces of the Gaudin Hamiltonians. Notably, this correspondence afforded the first proof of the Shapiro–Shapiro conjecture. In this paper, we give an identity in the group algebra of the symmetric group, which allows one to establish the correspondence directly, without using the Bethe ansatz.