bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caveolin‐2 in association with nuclear lamina controls adipocyte hypertrophy
Authors: Choi Moonjeong , Kwon Hayeong , Pak Yunbae 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHere, we identify that Caveolin‐2 (Cav‐2), an integral membrane protein, controls adipocyte hypertrophy in association with nuclear lamina. In the hypertrophy stage of adipogenesis, pY19‐Cav‐2 association with lamin A/C facilitated the disengagement of CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) from lamin A/C and repressed Cav‐2 promoter at the nuclear periphery for epigenetic activation of Cav‐2, and thereby promoted C/EBPα and PPARγ‐induced adipocyte hypertrophy. Stable expression of Cav‐2 was required and retained by phosphorylation, deubiquitination, and association with lamin A/C for the adipocyte hypertrophy. However, obese adipocytes exhibited augmented Cav‐2 stability resulting from the up‐regulation of lamin A/C over lamin B1, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), and nuclear deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB), Uchl5. Our findings show a novel epigenetic regulatory mechanism of adipocyte hypertrophy by Cav‐2 at the nuclear periphery.
The Consequences of Step 2 Clinical Skills Examination Discontinuation for Medical Schools and Sustainability Plans for Clinical Skills Assessment
Authors: Phillips Abigail , Hauer Karen E. , Chen H. Carrie , Wray Alisa , Watanaskul Sarah , Boscardin Christy K. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
Comprehensive clinical skills examinations using standardized patients are widely used to assess multiple physician competencies. However, these exams are resource intensive. With the discontinuation of the Step 2 Clinical Skills (CS) exam in 2021, how medical schools will change their approaches to comprehensive clinical skills exams is unknown. This study explores school responses to this change and future directions of comprehensive clinical skills exams using the program sustainability framework.

Method
This cross-sectional, descriptive study surveyed medical school curriculum deans at 150 Liaison Committee on Medical Education–accredited U.S. medical schools from September to October 2021. The 30-question survey included questions about medical school and participant role, current comprehensive clinical skills exams, sustainability dimensions, and challenges and future directions. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize responses, and content analysis was used to identify themes in the open-ended responses.

Results
Educators at 75 of 150 institutions (50%) responded. Sixty-three respondents (84%) reported conducting a comprehensive clinical skills exam. The comprehensive clinical skills exam assessed readiness for graduation (51 [81%]), provided feedback for students (49 [78%]), evaluated curricula (38 [60%]), provided information for medical student performance evaluation or communication with residency (10 [16%]), and assessed other factors (6 [10%]), including preparation for Step 2 CS in the past and readiness for advancement to fourth year of medical school (multiple responses were allowed). Factors facilitating sustainability included sufficient funding to continue the exam (55 [87%]) and the belief that clinical skills assessment in medical school is now more important after discontinuation of the Step 2 CS exam (55 [87%]). Challenges to sustainability included organizational capacity and limited interinstitutional collaboration.

Conclusions
Educators remain committed to the purpose of comprehensive clinical skills exams. Adapting to changed licensing requirements while sustaining clinical skills exams enables innovation and improvement in assessment of clinical competence.
Combined Surgical Strategies Adjusted to Clinical Evaluations for Severe Upper Eyelid Cicatricial Entropion and Trichiasis
Authors: Zhang Li , Hou Zhijia , Li Yang , Li Dongmei 
Published: January 2023

Background:
The management of cicatricial entropion and trichiasis represents a therapeutic challenge. The authors determined the long-term stability of combined surgical procedures in severe cases.

Methods:
The authors retrospectively studied consecutive patients with severe upper eyelid cicatricial entropion and trichiasis treated between 2019 and 2021 at Beijing Tongren Eye Center. Combined surgical procedures adjusted to clinical evaluations were performed. Clinical characteristics, procedures, and surgical outcomes were retrieved.

Results:
The authors included data on 58 eyelids (25 left and 33 right) from 39 patients (19 males and 20 females). The mean age was 54.81 years. Follow-up averaged 20.67 months. Common diagnoses were chemical injury, trachoma, and chronic conjunctivitis. Seven eyelids with eyelid margin entropion were successfully treated using anterior lamellar recession and gray line split. Seven eyelids with eyelid margin entropion and posterior lamellar deficits were effectively treated using anterior lamellar recession, gray line split, and posterior lamellar lengthening. Thirty-eight eyelids with recalcitrant eyelid margin entropion were treated using anterior lamellar recession and gray line split with graft, with a success rate of 94.74% and 89.47%, 3 and 6 months after the operation, respectively. Six eyelids with recalcitrant eyelid margin entropion and posterior lamellar deficits were effectively treated using anterior lamellar recession, gray line split with graft, and posterior lamellar lengthening. Among various grafts, pediculated orbicularis muscle was significantly different from banked sclera or resected tarsus (P = 0.011, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
In severe upper eyelid cicatricial entropion and trichiasis, combined surgical procedures showed good functional and cosmetic results with excellent long-term stability.
Non-operable glioblastoma: proposition of patient-specific forecasting by image-informed poromechanical model
Authors: Urcun Stéphane , Baroli Davide , Rohan Pierre-Yves , Skalli Wafa , Lubrano Vincent , Bordas Stéphane P.A. , Sciumè Giuseppe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe propose a novel image-informed glioblastoma mathematical model within a reactive multiphase poromechanical framework. Poromechanics offers to model in a coupled manner the interplay between tissue deformation and pressure-driven fluid flows, these phenomena existing simultaneously in cancer disease. The model also relies on two mechano-biological hypotheses responsible for the heterogeneity of the GBM: hypoxia signaling cascade and interaction between extra-cellular matrix and tumor cells. The model belongs to the category of patient-specific image-informed models as it is initialized, calibrated and evaluated by the means of patient imaging data. The model is calibrated with patient data after 6 cycles of concomitant radiotherapy chemotherapy and shows good agreement with treatment response 3 months after chemotherapy maintenance. Sensitivity of the solution to parameters and to boundary conditions is provided. As this work is only a first step of the inclusion of poromechanical framework in image-informed glioblastoma mathematical models, leads of improvement are provided in the conclusion.
Aging-associated augmentation of gut microbiome virulence capability drives sepsis severity
Authors: Colbert James F. , Kirsch Joshua M. , Erzen Christopher L. , Langouët-Astrié Christophe J. , Thompson Grace E. , McMurtry Sarah A. , Kofonow Jennifer M. , Robertson Charles E. , Kovacs Elizabeth J. , Sullivan Ryan C. , Hippensteel Joseph A. , Sawant Namrata V. , De Nisco Nicole J. , McCollister Bruce D. , Schwartz Robert S. , Horswill Alexander R. , Frank Daniel N. , Duerkop Breck A. , Schmidt Eric P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPrior research has focused on host factors as mediators of exaggerated sepsis-associated morbidity and mortality in older adults. This focus on the host, however, has failed to identify therapies that improve sepsis outcomes in the elderly. We hypothesized that the increased susceptibility of the aging population to sepsis is not only a function of the host, but also reflects longevity-associated changes in the virulence of gut pathobionts. We utilized two complementary models of gut microbiota-induced experimental sepsis to establish the aged gut microbiome as a key pathophysiologic driver of heightened disease severity. Further murine and human investigations into these polymicrobial bacterial communities demonstrated that age was associated with only subtle shifts in ecological composition, but an overabundance of genomic virulence factors that have functional consequence on host immune evasion.One Sentence SummaryThe severity of sepsis in the aged host is in part mediated by longevity-associated increases in gut microbial virulence.
In end-stage kidney disease, inflammation, erythron abnormalities and declined kidney function tests are accompanied by increased affective symptoms, chronic-fatigue, and fibromyalgia
Authors: Al-Hakeim Hussein Kadhem , Twaij Basim Abd Al-Raheem , Ahmed Mustafa Hassan , Almulla Abbas F. , Moustafa Shatha Rouf , Maes Michael 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundNumerous neuropsychiatric symptoms, including affective symptoms, chronic fatigue syndrome, and fibromyalgia symptoms, are present in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study examines the relationship between neuropsychiatric symptoms and red blood cell (RBC) parameters, kidney function tests, zinc, C-reactive protein, and calcium levels in patients with ESRD.MethodsThe above biomarkers and the Beck-Depression Inventory, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and the Fibro-Fatigue Rating Scale were measured in 70 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and 46 healthy controls.ResultsIncreased scores of depressive, anxious, cognitive, and physiosomatic symptoms (including chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia, and autonomous symptoms) characterise ESRD. One latent vector could be extracted from these diverse symptom domains, which are, therefore, manifestations of a common core referred to as the physio-affective phenome. The combined effects of aberrations in red blood cells (RBC) (number of RBC, hematocrit, and haemoglobin), kidney function tests (glomerular filtration rate, ureum, creatinine, albumin, and total serum protein), C-reactive protein, zinc, and copper explained 85.0% of the variance in the physio-affective phenome. In addition, the effects of kidney function decline on the phenome were partially mediated by RBC aberrations and elevated copper, whereas the effects of dialysis frequency were entirely mediated by decreased zinc and elevated CRP.ConclusionsAffective (depression and anxiety), cognitive, and physiosomatic symptoms due to ESRD are interrelated manifestations of the physio-affective phenome, which is driven by (in descending order of importance) kidney dysfunctions, erythron deficits, inflammation, elevated copper, and decreased zinc.
Engraftment of wild-type alveolar type II epithelial cells in surfactant protein C deficient mice
Authors: Iezza Daniela , Predella Camilla , Ni Keyue , Murray John W. , Liu Hsiao-Yun , Saqi Anjali , Glasser Stephan W. , Dorrello N. Valerio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChildhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) secondary to pulmonary surfactant deficiency is a devastating chronic lung disease in children. Clinical presentation includes mild to severe respiratory failure and fibrosis. There is no specific treatment, except lung transplantation, which is hampered by a severe shortage of donor organs, especially for young patients. Repair of lungs with chILD represents a longstanding therapeutic challenge but cellular therapy is a promising strategy. As surfactant is produced by alveolar type II epithelial (ATII) cells, engraftment with normal or gene-corrected ATII cells might provide an avenue to cure. Here we used a chILD disease-like model,Sftpc−/−mice, to provide proof-of-principle for this approach.Sftpc−/−mice developed chronic interstitial lung disease with age and were hypersensitive to bleomycin. We could engraft wild-type ATII cells after low dose bleomycin conditioning. Transplanted ATII cells produced mature SPC and attenuated bleomycin-induced lung injury up to four months post-transplant. This study demonstrates that partial replacement of mutant ATII cells can promote lung repair in a mouse model of chILD.
Oncogenic Ras deregulates cell-substrate interactions during mitotic rounding and respreading to alter cell division orientation
Authors: Ganguli Sushila , Wyatt Tom , Meyer Tim , Baum Buzz , Matthews Helen K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOncogenic Ras has been shown to change the way cancer cells divide by increasing the forces generated during mitotic rounding. In this way, RasV12enables cancer cells to divide across a wider range of mechanical environments than normal cells. Here, we identify a further role for oncogenic Ras-ERK signalling in division by showing that RasV12expression alters the shape, division orientation and respreading dynamics of cells as they exit mitosis, in a manner that depends on MEK and ERK. Many of these effects appear to result from the impact of RasV12signalling on actomyosin contractility, since RasV12induces the severing of retraction fibres that normally guide spindle positioning and provide a memory of the interphase cell shape. In support of this idea, the RasV12phenotype is reversed by inhibition of actomyosin contractility, and can be mimicked by the loss of cell-substrate adhesion during mitosis. Thus, the induction of oncogenic Ras-ERK signalling leads to rapid changes in division orientation that, along with the effects of RasV12on cell growth and cell cycle progression, are likely to disrupt epithelial tissue organisation and contribute to cancer dissemination.
A systematic review of the factors that contribute towards mental health in the fire service
Authors: Garmon-Jones Lydia , Hanna Paul , John Mary 
Published: January 2023

PurposeConcerns have been raised regarding the mental health of firefighters. In response to this, existing literature reviews have highlighted the significant role of trauma in influencing mental health and the experience of post-traumatic stress within firefighters.Design/methodology/approachThis paper builds on the existing reviews and makes an original contribution to knowledge by systematically reviewing research exploring additional factors that contribute to poor mental health in firefighters.FindingsThis review finds that factors such as sleep, occupational stress, length of service, coping style and social support all influence negative mental health within firefighters. However, this paper also suggests there are challenges to distinguishing the nature of these relationships, due to the possible bidirectional nature of the relationships and study limitations.Originality/valueFinally, we conclude by suggesting a clear need for further research to explore the biological, psychological and social factors influencing mental health outcomes in firefighters and the direction of these relationships, in order to inform effective intervention and support.
The impact of COVID-19 on first responders in the United States of America
Authors: Headley Andrea M. , Remington Christa , Witkowski Kaila , Contreras Santina L. , Ganapati Nazife Emel 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThis project specifically aims to examine (1) the individual impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on first responders, (2) the organizational impact of COVID-19 on first response agencies and (3) policy and organizational response and support efforts to mitigate potentially harmful effects of the pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe authors' conducted a mixed-methods analysis, including a review of secondary sources (e.g. government documents, organizational policies and news pieces), state-level policies, encompassing surveys, in-depth semi-structured interviews and PhotoVoice focus groups.FindingsCOVID-19 compounded many of the inherent risks facing first responders and added new stressors. First responders assumed added responsibilities during the pandemic which increased workloads, job-related stress, burnout, distance from the community and first responders' feelings of frustration. Even with personal protective equipment (PPE), first responders faced greater exposure to individuals with COVID-19 and were primarily concerned with transmitting the virus to family members, or other members of the first responders' support networks. State-level COVID-19 policies that were geared toward first responders aimed to improve the first responders' personal lives outside of work and mitigate burnout within the profession. First response agencies adapted to the pandemic by implementing a wide range of measures.Practical implicationsFirst responders also identified several weaknesses in the first responders' agencies' approach to the pandemic. To prepare for the next public health emergency, first response agencies should proactively train employees, build up the first responders' supplies of equipment and PPE, implement policies to strengthen their workforce (e.g. increase hiring for understaffed positions, reduce turnover and mitigate role abandonment), allow for greater employee autonomy, improve communication between leaders and employees and prioritize employees' mental health, as well as other factors relating to departments' informal culture.Originality/valueThis is one of the largest studies conducted on three types of first responders (police officers, fire firefighters, emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics) across the United States of America during a public health crisis.
Thinking differently about supply chain resilience: what we can learn from social-ecological systems thinking
Authors: Wieland Andreas , Stevenson Mark , Melnyk Steven A. , Davoudi Simin , Schultz Lisen 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThis article seeks to broaden how researchers in supply chain management view supply chain resilience by drawing on and integrating insights from other disciplines – in particular, the literature on the resilience of social-ecological systems.Design/methodology/approachBefore the authors import new notions of resilience from outside the discipline, the current state of the art in supply chain resilience research is first briefly reviewed and summarized. Drawing on five practical examples of disruptive events and challenges to supply chain practice, the authors assess how these examples expose gaps in the current theoretical lenses. These examples are used to motivate and justify the need to expand our theoretical frameworks by drawing on insights from the literature on social-ecological systems.FindingsThe supply chain resilience literature has predominantly focused on minimizing the consequences of a disruption and on returning to some form of steady state (often assumed to be identical to the state that existed prior to the disruption) implicitly assuming the supply chain behaves like an engineered system. This article broadens the debate around supply chain resilience using literature on social-ecological systems that puts forward three manifestations of resilience: (1) persistence, which is akin to an engineering-based view, (2) adaptation and (3) transformation. Furthermore, it introduces seven principles of resilience thinking that can be readily applied to supply chains.Research limitations/implicationsA social-ecological interpretation of supply chains presents many new avenues of research, which may rely on the use of innovative research methods to further our understanding of supply chain resilience.Practical implicationsThe article encourages managers to think differently about supply chains and to consider what this means for their resilience. The three manifestations of resilience are not mutually exclusive. For example, while persistence may be needed in the initial aftermath of a disruption, adaptation and transformation may be required in the longer term.Originality/valueThe article challenges traditional assumptions about supply chains behaving like engineered systems and puts forward an alternative perspective of supply chains as being dynamic and complex social-ecological systems that are impossible to entirely control.
Child benefits and child tax allowances in the Czech Republic, Slovak Republic and Sweden
Authors: Hájek Jan , Olexová Cecília 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThe paper deals with the child benefits system in the Czech Republic, Slovak Republic and Sweden.Design/methodology/approachThe authors describe the systems as the key baseline for subsequent qualitative and quantitative comparison. An essential element is the quantitative comparison of child benefits using their statistically stationarised values.FindingsThe Czech and Slovak systems provide a comparable rate of coverage as the Swedish system regarding the payment of both types of benefits, i.e. child benefits and tax allowances, for the first and second child; however, from the third child, the individual differences are considerable. Albeit the concepts of Czech and Slovak systems are framed by the same historical origins and conceptual approach, they differ significantly, with Slovakia providing the lowest aggregate level of child benefits.Originality/valueThe paper provides insight into the child benefit systems in the respective countries. These systems are at the centre of attention of policymakers who are attempting to maintain birth rates and reduce child poverty. The Czech Republic has the lowest level of at-risk-of-poverty rates for persons under 16 years of age, while natality rates are comparable.
The moderating role of terrorism on the insurance–growth nexus: empirical evidence from the 14 MENA countries
Authors: Alam Md Badrul , Tahir Muhammad , Omar Ali Norulazidah , Naveed Jan Muhammad , Sayal Aziz Ullah 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThis paper empirically examines the impact of terrorism on the insurance–growth relationship in the context of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, thereby attempting to address the unexplored area in the relevant literature.Design/methodology/approachThe study considered MENA as it has been one of the terribly affected zones in the world during the study period. Panel data for the period (2002–2017) are sourced from reliable sources for 14 member economies of the MENA region.FindingsAfter employing the suitable econometric procedures on the panel data, the results indicate that terrorism appears to have detrimental impact on the observed positive relationship between insurance and economic growth. In addition, trade openness seems to be the main driving force behind economic growth of the selected MENA countries. Surprisingly, the study suggests a negative association between the growth of physical capital and economic growth. Human capital has played a positive but insignificant role in improving economic growth as it is insignificant in majority of the specifications. The growth of labor force has although positively but insignificantly influenced economic growth. Finally, the results demonstrate that government expenditures and high inflation are harmful for growth.Originality/valueThe study investigated the impact of terrorism on the insurance–growth relationship for the first time, and hence policymakers of the MENA region are expected to be benefited enormously from the findings of the study.