bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of a High‐Performance 3 dB Power Splitter in Silicon Nitride Loaded Lithium Niobate on Insulator
Authors: Chen Li , Han Xu , Zhou Xudong , Yin Ruoyu , Yuan Mingrui , Xiao Huifu , Nguyen Thach Giang , Boes Andreas , Ren Guanghui , Mitchell Arnan , Tian Yonghui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) has emerged as a promising platform for photonic integrated circuits (PICs) due to the excellent electro‐optic (EO) properties of lithium niobate (LN). However, such a platform still lacks many critical passive components with superior performance for constructing PICs. The 3 dB power splitters are one of the important passive components in PICs for separating and combining optical energy to construct the other crucial photonic devices such as Mach–Zehnder modulators, optical switches, and optical phased arrays, et al. In this contribution, an ultra‐broadband and compact 3 dB power splitter is proposed and demonstrated using a tapered subwavelength grating (SWG)‐assisted Y‐branch on a silicon nitride (Si3N4) loaded LNOI platform. The SWG is used to alleviate fabrication challenges and reduce radiation loss while increasing the evanescent coupling. The simulation result shows an excellent operation bandwidth of 800 nm (from 1.2 to 2.0 µm) at the insertion loss (IL) of 0.12 dB. The proposed device with a compact footprint (9.6 × 3 µm2) is finally fabricated on a Si3N4 loaded LNOI platform, and the experimental result shows the IL of <0.2 dB in the wavelength ranges from 1.5 to 1.6 µm, which makes it suitable for broadband PICs required for future communication systems.
The Interaction of Dietary Patterns and Genetic Variants on the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zhang Shiwen , Chen Shiyun , He Kaiyin , Liu Jiazi , Su Xin , Li Wanlin , Ma Junrong , Cheng Chen , Ouyang RuiQing , Mu Yingjun , Zheng Lu , Cai Jun , Feng Yonghui , Zeng Fangfang , Peng Longyun , Ye Yanbin 
Published: September 2023

ScopeDiabetes is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which in turn is the most common and serious complication of diabetes. This study analyzes dietary patterns and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 543 diabetes patients with new‐onset cardiovascular events and 461 diabetic patients without.Methods and resultsSNPs are determined and analyzed using real time PCR and gene chip method. Factor analysis and logistic regression are used to determine dietary patterns and evaluate the level of associations and interaction effects, respectively. The legumes and edible fungi pattern and vegetable pattern show a significant negative correlation with complication risk. ADIPOQ rs37563 and legumes and edible fungi pattern have a significant interactive effect on disease, and patients with a high score of C polymorphism genotype (GC + CC) have a lower risk of disease. 5‐10‐Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) rs1801131 and vegetable pattern have a borderline interaction effect on disease, and those patients with TT genotype have a lower risk of disease.ConclusionThese findings provide new insights into the role of the interactive protection of dietary patterns and SNPs. And participants with specific alleles show a lower risk of cardiovascular complications.
Vitamin D Modulates Lipid Composition of Adipocyte‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles Under Inflammatory Conditions
Authors: Payet Thomas , Valmori Marie , Astier Julien , Svilar Ljubica , Sicard Flavie , Tardivel Catherine , Ghossoub Rania , Martin Jean‐Charles , Landrier Jean‐François , Mounien Lourdes 
Published: September 2023

AbstractScope: Adipocyte‐derived extracellular vesicles (AdEVs) convey lipids that can play a role in the energy homeostasis. Vitamin D (VD) has been shown to limit the metabolic inflammation as it decreases inflammatory markers expression in adipose tissue (AT). However, VD effect on adipocytes‐derived EVs has never been investigated.Methods and results: Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the AdEVs lipid composition by LC‐MS/MS approach in 3T3‐L1 cells treated with VD or/and pro‐inflammatory factor (tumor necrosis factor α [TNFα]). Among all lipid species, four are highlighted (glycerolipids, phospholipids, lysophospholipids, and sphingolipids) with a differential content between small (sEVs) and large EVs (lEVs). This study also observes that VD alone modulates EV lipid species involved in membrane fluidity and in the budding of membrane. EVs treated with VD under inflammatory conditions have different lipid profiles than the control group, which is more pronounced in lEVs. Indeed, 25 lipid species are significantly modulated in lEVs, compared with only seven lipid species in sEVs.Conclusions: This study concludes that VD, alone or under inflammatory conditions, is associated with specific lipidomic signature of sEVs and lEVs. These observations reinforce current knowledge on the anti‐inflammatory effect of VD.
Design, fabrication, and dynamic mechanical responses of fiber‐reinforced composite lattice materials
Authors: Xiong Jian , Gong Cheng , Wu Qianqian , Ma Li , Yang Jinshui , Wu Linzhi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFiber‐reinforced composites are a popular lightweight materials used in a variety of engineering applications, such as aerospace, architecture, automotive, and marine construction, due to their attractive mechanical properties. Constructing lattice materials from fiber‐reinforced composites is an efficient approach for developing ultra‐lightweight structural systems with superior mechanical properties and multifunctional benefits. In contrast to corrugated, foam, and honeycomb core materials, composite lattice materials can be manufactured with various architectural designs, such as woven, grid, and truss cores. Moreover, lattice materials with open‐cell topology provide multifunctional advantages over conventional closed‐cell honeycomb and foam structures and are thus highly desirable for developing aerospace systems, hypersonic vehicles, long‐range rockets and missiles, ship and naval structures, and protective systems. The objective of this study is to review and analyze dynamic mechanical behavior performed by different researchers in the area of composite lattice materials and to highlight topics for future research.
Fast high‐resolution electric properties tomography using three‐dimensional quantitative transient‐state imaging‐based water fraction estimation
Authors: Cencini Matteo , Lancione Marta , Pasquariello Rosa , Peretti Luca , Pirkl Carolin M. , Schulte Rolf F. , Buonincontri Guido , Arduino Alessandro , Zilberti Luca , Biagi Laura , Tosetti Michela 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to develop a fast and robust high‐resolution technique for clinically feasible electrical properties tomography based on water content maps (wEPT) using Quantitative Transient‐state Imaging (QTI), a multiparametric transient state‐based method that is similar to MR fingerprinting. Compared with the original wEPT implementation based on standard spin‐echo acquisition, QTI provides robust electrical properties quantification towards B1+ inhomogeneities and full quantitative relaxometry data. To validate the proposed approach, 3D QTI data of 12 healthy volunteers were acquired on a 1.5 T scanner. QTI‐provided T1 maps were used to compute water content maps of the tissues using an empirical relationship based on literature ex‐vivo measurements. Assuming that electrical properties are modulated mainly by tissue water content, the water content maps were used to derive electrical conductivity and relative permittivity maps. The proposed technique was compared with a conventional phase‐only Helmholtz EPT (HH‐EPT) acquisition both within whole white matter, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid masks, and within different white and gray matter subregions. In addition, QTI‐based wEPT was retrospectively applied to four multiple sclerosis adolescent and adult patients, compared with conventional contrast‐weighted imaging in terms of lesion delineation, and quantitatively assessed by measuring the variation of electrical properties in lesions. Results obtained with the proposed approach agreed well with theoretical predictions and previous in vivo findings in both white and gray matter. The reconstructed maps showed greater anatomical detail and lower variability compared with standard phase‐only HH‐EPT. The technique can potentially improve delineation of pathology when compared with conventional contrast‐weighted imaging and was able to detect significant variations in lesions with respect to normal‐appearing tissues. In conclusion, QTI can reliably measure conductivity and relative permittivity of brain tissues within a short scan time, opening the way to the study of electric properties in clinical settings.
Cumulative BMI and incident prediabetes over 30 years of follow‐up: The CARDIA study
Authors: Schreiner Pamela J. , Bae Sejong , Allen Norrina , Liu Kiang , Reis Jared P. , Wu Colin , Ingram Katherine H. , Lloyd‐Jones Donald , Lewis Cora E. , Rana Jamal S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined how cumulative BMI (cBMI) is associated with incident prediabetes in a biracial observational cohort study followed from young adulthood to middle age.MethodsBlack and White men and women (n = 4190) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, ages 18 to 30 years in 1985 to 1986 and free of prediabetes or diabetes at baseline, were followed for 30 years. Cox regression was used to determine how cBMI was associated with incident prediabetes after controlling for traditional cardiovascular risk factors.ResultsOver 30 years of follow‐up, 46.2% of the sample developed prediabetes. Mean cBMI was 801.4 BMI‐years for those with prediabetes and 658.3 BMI‐years for those without (p < 0.0001). After multivariable adjustment, the hazard rate ratio for the highest cBMI quartile was 2.064 (95% CI: 1.793‐2.377) relative to the lowest quartile. The second and third quartiles did not differ from the first quartile, consistent with a nonlinear trend.ConclusionsThe cumulative burden of higher weight and longer duration was associated with incident prediabetes, but this association was statistically significant only after a higher threshold was reached. Strategies for prevention of prediabetes in middle age may focus on avoiding overweight in young adulthood to limit duration.
Mind‐Body Therapies in the Management of Otolaryngologic Disease: A State‐of‐the‐Art Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Kothari Dhruv S. , Nieri Chad A. , Tanenbaum Zachary G. , Linker Lauren A. , Rangarajan Sanjeet V. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo review and assess the peer‐reviewed literature on the utility of mind‐body therapy (MBT) as an adjunct treatment in the management of otolaryngologic disease.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, and Cochrane.Review MethodsRandomized control trials (RCTs) of MBTs in the management of otolaryngologic disease from 2002 to 2022 were identified and included according to predefined criteria. Interventions requiring expensive equipment were excluded because the goal of MBT is to be cost‐conscious. All studies were subjected to a two‐stage blinded screening, extraction, and appraisal process. The outcomes of the intervention and control groups were compared.ConclusionRCTs of MBTs, including breathing exercises (4), aromatherapy (2), biofeedback (2), meditation, (2), and yoga (2), have been studied in several otolaryngologic conditions, including septoplasty/rhinoplasty (3), head and neck cancer (2), facial palsy (2), and tinnitus (2). Most studies were of moderate risk of bias on appraisal, and each MBT studied was found to significantly reduce subjective and objective distress associated with the otolaryngologic condition in question.Implications for PracticeDespite a paucity of strong evidence supporting the universal use of MBTs, our review suggests that MBTs are cost‐effective and easily deployable complementary tools in the management of otolaryngologic disease. Future large, methodologically rigorous RCTs are needed to address the limitations of the included studies, such as improper blinding and inappropriate statistical analysis. As MBTs are studied further, a case for their current use can be made because of their low cost and minimal risk to patients.
Effect of hydrophobic nano‐silica/β‐nucleating agent on the crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of polypropylene random copolymers
Authors: Chen Shiqi , Bai Luhan , Wang Xuanlun , Li Handong , Xu Ben Bin , Algadi Hassan , Guo Zhanhu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this work, hydrophobic nano‐silica (SiO2) and β‐nucleating agent are incorporated into polypropylene random copolymer (PP‐R) matrix by melt blending. The effect of the content of nano‐SiO2/β‐nucleating agent on the crystallization and mechanical behaviors of PP‐R was investigated in detail. For a nano‐SiO2 content of 0.5 wt% and a β‐nucleating agent content of 0.5 wt%, the tensile strength and impact strength of the composite were in a more balanced position. Regarding isothermal and non‐isothermal crystallization experiments, nano‐SiO2/β‐nucleating agent significantly accelerated the nucleation and growth of crystallites with a synergistic nucleation effect. Also, the crystallization kinetics of PP‐R/nano‐SiO2/β‐nucleating agent, PP‐R/nano‐SiO2 and PP‐R/β‐nucleating agent composites were analyzed and compared using the Avrami equation. The results showed that the PP‐R/nano‐SiO2/β‐nucleating agent composites have better crystallization rate and shorter semi‐crystallization time. This study shows far‐reaching theoretical and practical implications for accelerating the development of new high‐performance PP‐R materials. © 2023 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Research on the prediction of LOCA condition in nuclear power plants based on GRU recurrent neural network and its variants
Authors: Chen Fukun , Dong Xiaomeng , Luo Yicheng , Yang Ming , Liu Yong , Xu Anqi , Wang Jipu , Chen Sijuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractConsidering the development of deep learning and the emergence of intelligent control demands in nuclear reactors, along with the presence of plant‐level real‐time information monitoring systems in most nuclear power plants, there is a considerable accumulation of sensor measurements from long‐term operation. This makes it feasible to conduct medium to long‐term predictions for various real‐time conditions in nuclear power plants. Therefore, this paper proposes the utilization of a gate‐based recurrent neural network called GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit) and its variants for parameter prediction of LOCA (Loss of Coolant Accident) scenarios. The main content of this paper consists of two parts: (1) Experimental verification is conducted to demonstrate that GRU has excellent capability in capturing long‐term sequential information and generalization ability, making it suitable for predicting accident conditions in nuclear power plants. Two accident trend prediction methods based on the GRU network are proposed for scenarios with limited data. The results show that these methods can effectively provide short‐term development trends for accident conditions. Additionally, by considering the feature extraction capacity of CNN, the fusion of CNN and GRU models is employed for parameter prediction under different sizes of broken area. The results indicate an improvement in the model's generalization ability. (2) In scenarios with limited and incomplete data, a more robust variant of GRU called GRU‐D model is utilized for both univariate and multivariate synchronous prediction of accident conditions with different missing values. Experimental results demonstrate that even with a data missing rate of 90%, the GRU‐D network exhibits excellent predictive accuracy and generalization ability in parameter prediction for the given conditions.
Defects Healing of the ZnO Surface by Filling with Au Atom Catalysts for Efficient Photocatalytic H2 Production
Authors: Mohite Santosh V. , Kim Shinik , Bae Jiyoung , J. Jeong Hee , Kim Tae Woong , Choi Jihoon , Kim Yeonho 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHealed defects on photocatalysts surface and their interaction with plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted attention in H2 production process. In this study, surface oxygen vacancy (Vo) defects are created on ZnO (Vo‐ZnO) NPs by directly pyrolyzing zeolitic imidazolate framework. The surface defects on Vo‐ZnO provide active sites for the diffusion of single Au atoms and as nucleation sites for the formation of Au NPs by the in situ photodeposition process. The electronically healed surface defects by single Au atoms help in the formation of a heterojunction between the ZnO and plasmonic Au NPs. The formed Au/Vo‐Au:ZnO‐4 heterojunction prolongs photoelectron lifetimes and increases donor charge density. Therefore, the optimized photocatalysts of Au/Vo‐Au:ZnO‐4 has 21.28 times higher H2 production rate than the pristine Vo‐ZnO under UV–visible light in 0.35 m Na2SO4 and 0.25 m Na2SO3. However in 0.35 m Na2S and 0.25 m Na2SO3, the H2 production rate is 25.84 mmole h−1 g−1. Furthermore, Au/Vo‐Au:ZnO‐4 shows visible light activity by generating hot carries via induced surface plasmonic effects. It has 48.58 times higher H2 production rate than pristine Vo‐ZnO. Therefore, this study infers new insight for defect healing mediated preparation of Au/Vo‐Au:ZnO heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic H2 production.
Understanding Structure‐Activity Relationship in Pt‐loaded g‐C3N4 for Efficient Solar‐ Photoreforming of Polyethylene Terephthalate Plastic and Hydrogen Production
Authors: Nguyen Thi Kim Anh , Trần‐Phú Thành , Ta Xuan Minh Chau , Truong Thien N. , Leverett Josh , Daiyan Rahman , Amal Rose , Tricoli Antonio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCoupling the hydrogen evolution reaction with plastic waste photoreforming provides a synergistic path for simultaneous production of green hydrogen and recycling of post‐consumer products, two major enablers for establishment of a circular economy. Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) is a promising photocatalyst due to its suitable optoelectronic and physicochemical properties, and inexpensive fabrication. Herein, a mechanistic investigation of the structure‐activity relationship of g‐C3N4 for poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) photoreforming is reported by carefully controlling its fabrication from a subset of earth‐abundant precursors, such as dicyandiamide, melamine, urea, and thiourea. These findings reveal that melamine‐derived g‐C3N4 with 3 wt.% Pt has significantly higher performance than alternative derivations, achieving a maximum hydrogen evolution rate of 7.33 mmolH2 gcat−1 h−1, and simultaneously photoconverting PET into valuable organic products including formate, glyoxal, and acetate, with excellent stability for over 30 h of continuous production. This is attributed to the higher crystallinity and associated chemical resistance of melamine‐derived g‐C3N4, playing a major role in stabilization of its morphology and surface properties. These new insights on the role of precursors and structural properties in dictating the photoactivity of g‐C3N4 set the foundation for the further development of photocatalytic processes for combined green hydrogen production and plastic waste reforming.
Adverse childhood experiences: a meta‐analysis of prevalence and moderators among half a million adults in 206 studies
Authors: Madigan Sheri , Deneault Audrey‐Ann , Racine Nicole , Park Julianna , Thiemann Raela , Zhu Jenney , Dimitropoulos Gina , Williamson Tyler , Fearon Pasco , Cénat Jude Mary , McDonald Sheila , Devereux Chloe , Neville Ross D. 
Published: September 2023

Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including maltreatment and family dysfunction, is a major contributor to the global burden of disease and disability. With a large body of international literature on ACEs having emerged over the past 25 years, it is timely to now synthetize the available evidence to estimate the global prevalence of ACEs and, through a series of moderator analyses, determine which populations are at higher risk. We searched studies published between January 1, 1998 and August 5, 2021 in Medline, PsycINFO and Embase. Study inclusion criteria were using the 8‐ or 10‐item ACE Questionnaire (±2 items), reporting the prevalence of ACEs in population samples of adults, and being published in English. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022348429). In total, 206 studies (208 sample estimates) from 22 countries, with 546,458 adult participants, were included. The pooled prevalence of the five levels of ACEs was: 39.9% (95% CI: 29.8‐49.2) for no ACE; 22.4% (95% CI: 14.1‐30.6) for one ACE; 13.0% (95% CI: 6.5‐19.8) for two ACEs; 8.7% (95% CI: 3.4‐14.5) for three ACEs, and 16.1% (95% CI: 8.9‐23.5) for four or more ACEs. In subsequent moderation analyses, there was strong evidence that the prevalence of 4+ ACEs was higher in populations with a history of a mental health condition (47.5%; 95% CI: 34.4‐60.7) and with substance abuse or addiction (55.2%; 95% CI: 45.5‐64.8), as well as in individuals from low‐income households (40.5%; 95% CI: 32.9‐48.4) and unhoused individuals (59.7%; 95% CI: 56.8‐62.4). There was also good evidence that the prevalence of 4+ ACEs was larger in minoritized racial/ethnic groups, particularly when comparing study estimates in populations identifying as Indigenous/Native American (40.8%; 95% CI: 23.1‐59.8) to those identifying as White (12.1%; 95% CI: 10.2‐14.2) and Asian (5.6%; 95% CI: 2.4‐10.2). Thus, ACEs are common in the general population, but there are disparities in their prevalence. They are among the principal antecedent threats to individual well‐being and, as such, constitute a pressing social issue globally. Both prevention strategies and downstream interventions are needed to reduce the prevalence and mitigate the severity of the effects of ACEs and thereby reduce their deleterious health consequences on future generations.
Global QCD analysis and dark photons
Authors: Hunt-Smith N. T. , Melnitchouk W. , Sato N. , Thomas A. W. , Wang X. G. , White M. J. ,   on behalf of the Jefferson Lab Angular Momentum (JAM) collaboration
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We perform a global QCD analysis of high energy scattering data within the JAM Monte Carlo framework, including a coupling to a dark photon that augments the Standard Model (SM) electroweak coupling via kinetic mixing with the hypercharge B boson. We first set limits on the dark photon mass and mixing parameter assuming that the SM is the true theory of Nature, taking into account also the effect on g – 2 of the muon. If instead we entertain the possibility that the dark photon may play a role in deep-inelastic scattering (DIS), we find that the best fit is preferred over the SM at 6.5σ, even after accounting for missing higher order uncertainties. The improvement in χ2 with the dark photon is stable against all the tests we have applied, with the improvements in the theoretical predictions spread across a wide range of x and Q2. The largest improvement corresponds to the fixed target and HERA DIS data, while the best fit yields a value of g – 2 which significantly reduces the disagreement with the latest experimental determination.