bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Phytic Acid as an Etchant in Dentistry: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dharmalingam Ishwarya , Samuel Victor , Ramar Kavitha , Sekar Rajakumar , Kasi Anand , Ponraj Sujitha , Jaganathan Gayathri 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of phytic acid and to compare it with the phosphoric acid etching through a systematic review. systematic search was carried out using PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane library, Indmed, Scopus, and Liliacs databases conducted upto January 2022. In vitro studies comparing phytic acid and phosphoric acid as an etchant on tooth surfaces that performed bond strength, smear layer removal, collagen degradation and monomer penetration were included. The risk of bias was assessed considering Checklist for Reporting In-vitro Studies guidelines. Five studies were chosen for full-text assessment out of 830 that were potentially eligible. The studies found that phytic acid improved bond strength, collagen degradation, smear layer removal, and monomer penetration. Every study had a moderate-to-high risk of bias. Phytic acid enhanced the etch and rinse adhesive's binding strength to dentin, effectively eradicated the smear layer, protected dentin collagen from degradation, and had better resin infiltration and minimal effect on pulpal cells.
FDG PET/CT Depicting Right Iliac Vein Tumor Thrombosis following Low Anterior Resection in Rectal Cancer Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Al-Ibraheem Akram , Moghrabi Serin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVenous tumor thrombus is a rare complication of rectal cancer but is more common in other types of cancer, like renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. The usual site of tumor thrombus in rectal cancer patients is the inferior mesenteric vein (IMV), which is seldom seen in the common iliac vein, with only a few cases reported till now. We present a case of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avid right iliac vein tumor thrombosis after low anterior resection in a patient with rectal cancer and review the literature.
Behavioral Health Decision Support Systems and User Interface Design in the Emergency Department
Authors: Jones Nicholas W. , Song Sophia L. , Thomasian Nicole , Samuels Elizabeth A. , Ranney Megan L. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective The objective of this qualitative study is to gauge physician sentiment about an emergency department (ED) clinical decision support (CDS) system implemented in multiple adult EDs within a university hospital system. This CDS system focuses on predicting patients' likelihood of ED recidivism and/or adverse opioid-related events.
Methods The study was conducted among adult emergency physicians working in three EDs of a single academic health system in Rhode Island. Qualitative, semistructured interviews were conducted with ED physicians. Interviews assessed physicians' prior experience with predictive analytics, thoughts on the alert's placement, design, and content, the alert's overall impact, and potential areas for improvement. Responses were aggregated and common themes identified.
Results Twenty-three interviews were conducted (11 preimplementation and 12 postimplementation). Themes were identified regarding each physician familiarity with predictive analytics, alert rollout, alert appearance and content, and on alert sentiments. Most physicians viewed these alerts as a neutral or positive EHR addition, with responses ranging from neutral to positive. The alert placement was noted to be largely intuitive and nonintrusive. The design of the alert was generally viewed positively. The alert's content was believed to be accurate, although the decision to respond to the alert's call-to-action was physician dependent. Those who tended to ignore the alert did so for a few reasons, including already knowing the information the alert contains, the alert offering information that is not relevant to this particular patient, and the alert not containing enough information to be useful.
Conclusion Ultimately, this alert appears to have a marginally positive effect on ED physician workflow. At its most beneficial, the alert reminded physicians to deeply consider the care provided to high-risk populations and to potentially adjust their care and referrals. At its least beneficial, the alert did not affect physician decision-making but was not intrusive to the point of negatively impacting workflow.
Construct exchange-correlation functional via machine learning
Authors: Wu Jiang , Pun Sai-Mang , Zheng Xiao , Chen GuanHua 
Published: September 2023

Density functional theory has been widely used in quantum mechanical simulations, but the search for a universal exchange-correlation (XC) functional has been elusive. Over the last two decades, machine-learning techniques have been introduced to approximate the XC functional or potential, and recent advances in deep learning have renewed interest in this approach. In this article, we review early efforts to use machine learning to approximate the XC functional, with a focus on the challenge of transferring knowledge from small molecules to larger systems. Recently, the transferability problem has been addressed through the use of quasi-local density-based descriptors, which are rooted in the holographic electron density theorem. We also discuss recent developments using deep-learning techniques that target high-level ab initio molecular energy and electron density for training. These efforts can be unified under a general framework, which will also be discussed from this perspective. Additionally, we explore the use of auxiliary machine-learning models for van der Waals interactions.
Simulation analysis of electrical characteristics of P-gate enhanced HEMT with C-doped buffer layer
Authors: Wang Xiao , Lin Zhi-Yu , Zhang Yu-Min , Wang Jian-Feng , Xu Ke 
Published: September 2023

The C-doped P-gate-enhanced HEMT (PEHEMT) is simulated by using the Silvaco T-CAD tool. The interaction among the C acceptor trap, electron, and hole in the buffer layer at different voltages promotes interesting electrical characteristic within the device. In off-state conditions, the peak electric field position shifts from the edge of gate to the edge of drain. During the process of peak electric field transfer, the gate electric field gradually saturates, and the increase rate of peak electric field shows a turning point at 350 V (Vd &lt; 600 V). As the voltage further increases (Vd &gt; 600 V), the increase rate of the drain electric field gradually slows down and tends to saturation, and the corresponding saturated gate electric field begins to increase. The uniform, quasi-linear, and step distributions of three different C acceptor in the buffer layer exhibit different degrees of current collapse under 1 ms bias stress, with values of 21.8%, 12.7%, and 12.8%, respectively. In this work, we have provided appropriate explanations for the above phenomena.
Correlating vapour uptake with the luminescence quenching of poly(dendrimer)s for the detection of nitro group-containing explosives
Authors: Hutchinson Kinitra L. , Poliquit Beta Z. , Clulow Andrew J. , Burn Paul L. , Gentle Ian R. , Shaw Paul E. 
Published: September 2023

Thin films of two poly(dendrimer)s were studied for the detection of trace quantities of nitro-based taggants and explosives. The poly(dendrimer) structures consist of side chain-conjugated triphenylamine-based dendritic chromophores attached to a non-conjugated polymer backbone. The poly(dendrimer)s differ in terms of the conjugation length, steric bulk and surface groups of the chromophores and we investigated the effects of these differences on sensing performance. We found that the addition of first-generation biphenyl-based dendrons to the chromophores of one of the polymers, P2, resulted in greater photoluminescence quenching, sensitivity and recovery to pulses of the vapours of the nitroaliphatic taggant 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMNB) and the nitroaromatic analyte 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) compared with the other polymer, P1. We employed neutron reflectometry to characterise the vapour uptake of both poly(dendrimer)s and a structurally similar triphenylamine-based dendrimer D1 for comparison. The results show that the P2 has a mass density of 0.91 ± 0.01 v. 1.01 ± 0.01 g cm−3 for both P1 and D1 and can absorb at least twice the amount of 2,4-DNT. These results show how increasing the dendritic character of the poly(dendrimer) architecture provides a route for optimising vapour uptake and improving sensing performance in the solid state.
Electrothermal transport of water conveying copper, silver and alumina nanoparticles through a vertical wavy microchannel
Authors: Waheed S , Noreen S , Zahri M , Soufyane A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study emphasizes the significance of optimizing heat transmission, energy conversion, and thermal management in electronic devices, renewable energy systems, and emerging technologies like thermoelectric devices and energy storage systems. The aim is to enhance heat transfer efficiency for improved performance and lifespan of electronic equipment. The research utilizes a mathematical flow analysis to study a water-based ternary nanofluid’s flow and thermal characteristics in a vertical microfluidic channel driven by peristalsis and electroosmosis. The ternary-hybrid nanofluid (THNF), comprising copper, silver, and alumina nanoparticles dissolved in water, is examined considering induced magnetic fields. The study delves into fluid flow, heat absorption, and mixed convection, using Debye–Hückel, lubrication, and long wavelength approximations. Results show that THNF exhibits superior heat transmission compared to pure water. Increasing solid volume fraction of nanoparticles decreases THNF’s temperature. Induced magnetic fields impact the system. This research could influence thermal pipe heat sinks and bioengineered medical devices design.
Monte Carlo simulations of cell survival in proton SOBP
Authors: Sebastián Salgado Maldonado , Alejandro Carabe , Ignacio Espinoza , Sophia Galvez , Pía Valenzuela María , Andrea Russomando 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective. The objective of this study is to develop a multi-scale modeling approach that accurately predicts radiation-induced DNA damage and survival fraction in specific cell lines. Approach. A Monte Carlo based simulation framework was employed to make the predictions. The FLUKA Monte Carlo code was utilized to estimate absorbed doses and fluence energy spectra, which were then used in the Monte Carlo Damage Simulation code to compute DNA damage yields in Chinese hamster V79 cell lines. The outputs were converted into cell survival fractions using a previously published theoretical model. To reduce the uncertainties of the predictions, new values for the parameters of the theoretical model were computed, expanding the database of experimental points considered in the previous estimation. Simulated results were validated against experimental data, confirming the applicability of the framework for proton beams up to 230 MeV. Additionally, the impact of secondary particles on cell survival was estimated. Main results. The simulated survival fraction versus depth in a glycerol phantom is reported for eighteen different configurations. Two proton spread out Bragg peaks at several doses were simulated and compared with experimental data. In all cases, the simulations follow the experimental trends, demonstrating the accuracy of the predictions up to 230 MeV. Significance. This study holds significant importance as it contributes to the advancement of models for predicting biological responses to radiation, ultimately contributing to more effective cancer treatment in proton therapy.
Potential limitations of measuring ambulatory activity of part-time wheelchair users: a comparative study of two research grade activity monitors
Authors: Stevens Wilshaw , Harlett Fernanda , Wimberly Robert L , Tulchin-Francis Kirsten 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective. Research grade activity monitors such as the StepWatch Activity Monitor (SAM) and Actigraph have been shown to be highly accurate for the assessment of ambulatory activity, but some individuals function in the community using a combination of both walking and wheelchair activity. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of the SAM and Actigraph at not detecting ambulatory activity, during wheelchair activities at two intensity levels. Approach. Two independent cohorts were tested while simultaneously wearing a SAM and Actigraph on the ankle. Group 1 consisted of twelve adults performing a six-minute push test (6MPT). Group 2 were eighteen members of an adolescent wheelchair basketball team tested during a scrimmage/practice and regional tournament. Visual observation was used to confirm the number of ambulatory steps taken during testing was zero. Main results. The average number of ‘steps’ detected during a 6MPT was 19 ± 25 (range: 0–85) with the Actigraph. No ‘steps’ were detected using the SAM in Group 1. In Group 2, the average ‘step’ count during basketball practice was 1421 ± 750 (range: 612–2798) using the Actigraph and 1363 ± 1238 (range: 84–3462) using the SAM, and correlated with playing time, despite the leg/ankle being strapped down. Similar findings were observed during the wheelchair basketball regional tournament. Significance. Caution should be heeded when utilizing these activity monitors in individuals with disabilities who participate in wheelchair sports. Additional written activity logs should be used to exclude periods of time during which high acceleration wheelchair sporting activity occurs, or study participants should be fully educated in removing the activity monitors during non-ambulatory wheelchair sports.
Mechanical behavior of a torsional shear thickening fluid damper
Authors: Lin Kun , Wei Minghai , Qi Jiapeng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study utilizes a fatigue testing machine to examine the damping moment response of the torsional shear thickened fluid (STF) damper (T-STF-D) under various loading velocities. In the first stage, three STF samples were prepared using nano-silica and polyethylene glycol, and their shear thickening properties were verified using a rheometer. Next, the theoretical model of the T-STF-D was established based on the parallel plate theory, and its validity was confirmed through experimental data. Afterward, a prototype of the T-STF-D was designed and fabricated, and its dynamic response was tested at different velocities over both short- and long-term periods. The findings reveal that the T-STF-D exhibits favorable damping performance as the loading velocity increases, and the initial damping moment rises with the augmentation of loading velocity. However, the damping moment decays exponentially with time during loading. Given this behavior, a phenomenal model is subsequently proposed in this study to forecast the damping moment, and the experimental data provide evidence for the accuracy and effectiveness of this model.
Characterization of flux pump-charging of high-temperature superconducting coils using coupled numerical models
Authors: Zhou Pengbo , Ghabeli Asef , Ainslie Mark , Grilli Francesco 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Flux pumps provide a promising solution for contactless charging of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coils, eliminating the need for bulk current leads and reducing the heat burden for the cryogenic system. Characterizing the nonlinear effects of an HTS coil charged by a flux pump and understanding the dynamics of the charging process is essential for promoting the practical application of flux pumps. Numerical models provide a fast and cost-effective way of achieving this. In this study, we propose a methodology for coupling HTS coil and flux pump models using an electrical circuit, resulting in reduced computation costs. We validate the effectiveness of our approach against the experimental results of an HTS coil charged by a dynamo-type flux pump. Specifically, we obtain the voltage produced by the HTS dynamo using a 3D model based on the minimum electromagnetic entropy production method and apply this voltage to the load HTS coil using a

T

−

A

formulation finite-element method model coupled via an electrical circuit. The simulated charging current shows good agreement with experimental observations, validating our modeling strategy. The results demonstrate that the flux flow state in the HTS coil is the primary factor limiting the charging performance of the HTS dynamo as the charging current approaches the coil’s critical current. Furthermore, based on the simulation, we demonstrate that, when using flux pumps, it is advisable to leave a margin between the operating current and the critical current of the coil. Overall, our approach has the potential to be applied to HTS coils charged by any device.
Design optimization of a stepped HTS magnet for electrodynamic suspension train
Authors: Li Songlin , Liu Boqiang , Zhou Pengbo , Wang Ruichen , Wu Xinyu , Gong Tianyong , Ma Guangtong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
High-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets are promising candidates for transportation and power systems, such as the electrodynamic suspension (EDS) train, ultra-high field magnet and magnetic resonance imaging, because of their large current-carrying capacity and low power loss. The critical current depending on magnetic flux density is an essential factor in assessing the application performance of HTS magnets. As usual, the existing HTS magnet is wound with rectangular cross-section, which results in magnetic field concentration inside winding. In this paper, we propose a novel HTS magnet structure with stepped cross-section to alleviate the magnetic field concentration, and resultantly improve the critical current. From this point, this paper aims to design and optimize a stepped HTS magnet with the critical current maximized. Firstly, the structure design of the stepped HTS magnet is performed with a consideration of the application scenario of EDS train. Then, the critical current of the HTS magnet is estimated with a homogenized self-consistent model. Afterwards, an HTS magnet with stepped cross-section is optimized, fabricated and finally tested. The critical current was experimentally measured to verify the simulation results, followed by the electromagnetic investigations of the stepped HTS magnet in the EDS train.
A 220 GHz superconducting titanium transition edge sensor array developed for cosmic microwave background experiments
Authors: Luo Qianghui , Zhong Jiaqiang , Miao Wei , Li Feiming , Wang Qingcheng , Ding Jiangqiao , Wu Feng , Wang Zheng , Zhou Kangmin , Ren Yuan , Zhang Wen , Li Jing , Shi Shengcai 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we report on the design, fabrication, and characterization of a 220 GHz superconducting transition edge sensor (TES) array developed for ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments. Unlike conventional TES arrays adopting thermometers made of bilayer superconducting films, the TES array has thermometers made of simpler single-layer titanium (Ti) film deposited on a suspended silicon nitride (SiN
x
) membrane. The thermal weak link is realized by releasing the TES’s thermal island including the Ti thermometer by dry etching with xenon difluoride (XeF2), giving a typical thermal conductance of 25 pW K−1. Its thermal-conductance mechanism is further studied by fitting the measured TES’s complex impedance with a three-block thermal model. The dark and optical noise equivalent power (NEP) of a superconducting TES are both measured. Despite existing lens reflection and dielectric loss in the superconducting microstrip line, its typical optical NEP reaches 100 aW Hz−0.5, which meets the sensitivity requirement for ground-based CMB experiments.
Dynamical aspects of excitonic Floquet states generated by a phase-locked mid-infrared pulse in a one-dimensional Mott insulator
Authors: Yamakawa Takashi , Miyamoto Tatsuya , Sakai Daiki , Okamoto Hiroshi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A periodic electric field of light applied on a solid is predicted to generate coupled states of the light electric fields and electronic system called photon-dressed Floquet states. Previous studies of those Floquet states have focused on time-averaged energy-level structures. Here, we report time-dependent responses of Floquet states of excitons generated by a mid-infrared (MIR) pulse excitation in a prototypical one-dimensional (1D) Mott insulator, a chlorine-bridged nickel-chain compound, [Ni(chxn)2Cl](NO3)2 (chxn = cyclohexanediamine). Sub-cycle reflection spectroscopy on this compound using a phase-locked MIR pump pulse and an ultrashort visible probe pulse with the temporal width of ∼7 fs revealed that large and ultrafast reflectivity changes occur along the electric field of the MIR pulse; the reflectivity change reached approximately 50% of the original value around the exciton absorption peak. It comprised a high-frequency oscillation at twice the frequency of the MIR pulse and a low-frequency component following the intensity envelope of the MIR pulse, which showed different probe-energy dependences. Simulations considering one-photon-allowed and one-photon-forbidden excitons reproduced the temporal and spectral characteristics of both the high-frequency oscillation and low-frequency component. These simulations demonstrated that all responses originated from the quantum interferences of the linear reflection process and nonlinear light-scattering processes owing to the excitonic Floquet states characteristic of 1D Mott insulators. The present results lead to the developments of Floquet engineering, and demonstrate the possibility of rapidly controlling the intensity of visible or near-IR pulse by varying the phase of MIR electric fields, which will be utilized for ultrafast optical switching devices.
Optical deceleration of atomic hydrogen
Authors: Cooper S F , Rasor C , Bullis R G , Brandt A D , Yost D C 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We demonstrate control over the motional degrees of freedom of a cryogenic hydrogen atomic beam using an accelerating optical lattice. For our method, we load metastable atoms from a cryogenic beam into a moving optical lattice, decelerate the lattice, and observe a commensurate deceleration of the atoms. For this demonstration, hydrogen atoms are decelerated by about 20 m s−1 in a 40 ns slowing cycle, with a peak acceleration of ≈4

×

10
8

m s−2. Since the optical lattice is governed by standard optoelectronics, this technique represents a robust platform for the motional control of hydrogen.
Privacy protection of quantum BP neural network based on game theory
Authors: Lin Yusheng , Chang Yan , Huang Siwei , Zhang Shibin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
How to ensure privacy security and improve computing efficiency is a research hotspot in the field of machine learning. Among them, how to balance the interests of users, cloud servers and attackers on the premise of ensuring user privacy is a difficult problem in the field of machine learning privacy protection. The development of quantum computing breaks through the computational bottleneck of classical machine learning and has derived the research direction of quantum machine learning. At present, hybrid quantum–classical machine learning in NISQ era has become a research hotspot, but researchers rarely pay attention to the privacy protection in quantum machine learning. Therefore, this paper is the first to apply game theory to the privacy protection in quantum machine learning and proposes the privacy game model of user - server - attacker in Hybrid Classical Quantum BP Neural Network (HCQBPNN). Different from previous studies, this paper sets game strategies based on users’ privacy requirements in practical applications, and aims to maximize the interests of attackers, cloud servers and users. The experiment proves that users can use the privacy game model proposed in this paper to get the optimal privacy combination strategy, and at the same time make the cloud server and the attacker can obtain positive income.