bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hope moderates the relationship between students’ sense of belonging and academic misconduct
Authors: Coetzee Tanya , Pryce-Jones Katie , Grant Leigh , Tindle Richard 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study investigates how hope moderates the relationship between students’ sense of belonging and their academic misconduct intentions and behaviours. A sample of 234 university students (57% female) aged between 16 and 64 (Mage = 25.56, SDage = 8.18) responded to an online survey. The survey included demographic questions, measures of student’s sense of belonging at university, dispositional hope, motivation to reach their goals (Agency), perceived ability to implement a plan to attain their goal (Pathways), future intentions to engage in academic misconduct intentions (AM Intentions) and previous engagement in academic misconduct behaviours (AM Behaviours). Our findings suggest that a student’s sense of belonging to their university and their levels of hope are negatively associated with academic misconduct intentions. We also observed a significant Hope × Belongingness, Agency × Belongingness, and Pathways × Belongingness interaction for students’ AM intentions and their AM behaviours. Our findings identified that students who have a strong sense of belonging, but low levels of hope are more likely to engage in academic misconduct behaviours. We also confirm that high levels of hope are protective against students engaging in academic misconduct. Universities can use these findings to identify students at an increased risk of engaging in academic misconduct and protect at-risk students from engaging in academic misconduct by improving their goal motivation and perceived capacity to implement a plan to reach their education goals.
Modeling of emergency support capacity and optimization of delivery service system for urban living materials under uncertain situations: a case study of Xi’an City during COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Wang Jianpo , Li Gang , Wang Jiaobei , Nie Qifan , Yu Yue , Xu Tingting 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought a heavy burden and severe challenges to the global economy and society, forcing different countries and regions to take various preventive and control measures ranging from normal operations to partial or complete lockdowns. Taking Xi’an city as an example, based on multisource POI data for the government’s vegetable storage delivery points, logistics terminal outlets, designated medical institutions, communities, etc., this paper uses the Gaussian two-step floating catchment area method (2SFCA) and other spatial analysis methods to analyze the spatial pattern of emergency support points (ESPs) and express logistics terminals in different situations. It then discusses construction and optimization strategies for urban emergency support and delivery service systems. The conclusions are as follows. (1) The ESPs are supported by large-scale chain supermarkets and fresh supermarkets, which are positively related to the population distribution.The spatial distribution of express logistics terminals is imbalanced, dense in the middle while sparse at the edges. 90% of express terminals are located within a 500 m distance of communities, however, some terminals are shared, which restrict their ability to provide emergency support to surrounding residents. (2) In general, accessibility increases as the number of ESPs increases; under normal traffic, as the distance threshold increases, the available ESPs increase but accessibility slightly decreases; with a traffic lockdown, the travel distance of residents is limited, and as ESPs increase, accessibility and the number of POIs covered significantly increase. (3) The spatial accessibility of the ESPs has a “dumbbell-shaped” distribution, with highest accessibility in the north and south, higher around the second ring road, slightly lower in the center, and lowest near the third ring road at east and west. (4) With the goal of “opening up the logistics artery and unblocking the distribution microcirculation”, based on “ESPs + couriers + express logistics terminals + residents”, this paper proposes to build and optimize the urban emergency support and delivery service system to improve the comprehensive ability of the city to cope with uncertain risks.
Seasonal Acceleration of Petermann Glacier, Greenland, From Changes in Subglacial Hydrology
Authors: Ehrenfeucht Shivani , Morlighem Mathieu , Rignot Eric , Dow Christine F. , Mouginot Jeremie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPetermann Glacier is a major outlet glacier of northern Greenland that drains a marine‐based basin vulnerable to destabilization from enhanced oceanic and atmospheric forcings. Using satellite radar interferometry data from the Sentinel‐1a/b missions, we observe a seasonal glacier acceleration of 15% in the summer, from 1,250 to 1,500 m/yr near the grounding line, but the physical drivers of this seasonality have not been elucidated. Here, we use a subglacial hydrology model coupled one‐way to an ice sheet model to evaluate the role of subglacial hydrology as a physical mechanism explaining the seasonal acceleration. We find excellent agreement between the observed and predicted velocity in terms of timing and magnitude with the addition of an applied lower limit on effective pressure of 6% of ice overburden pressure. We conclude that seasonal changes in subglacial hydrology are sufficient to explain the observed seasonal speed up of Petermann Glacier.
Impact of the Streamwise Vorticity Current on Low‐Level Mesocyclone Development in a Simulated Supercell
Authors: Finley Catherine A. , Elmore Michelle , Orf Leigh , Lee Bruce D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractResults from a large eddy simulation of a tornadic supercell developing in a horizontally homogeneous environment are presented which clearly illustrate a connection between low‐level mesoyclone development and the development of a streamwise vorticity current (SVC). Although the environment supports tornadic supercells, a strong low‐level mesocyclone (LLM) does not develop until a well‐defined SVC forms in the storm's forward flank. As the streamwise vorticity in the SVC flows southward and is tilted into the storm updraft creating updraft helicity, the LLM strengthens and lowers toward the surface. The SVC also focuses LLM development in a confined storm‐relative position favorable for converging/stretching preexisting vertical vorticity. Tornadogenesis occurs within ∼5 min of the establishment of a strong LLM. These results illustrate a possible mode of internal storm variability that may be an important factor in explaining why some supercells produce tornadoes while others do not in similar favorable environments.
Channel Water Storage Anomaly: A New Remotely Sensed Quantity for Global River Analysis
Authors: Coss Stephen , Durand Michael T. , Shum C. K. , Yi Yuchan , Yang Xiao , Pavelsky Tamlin , Getirana Augusto , Yamazaki Dai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRiver channels store large volumes of water globally, critically impacting ecological and biogeochemical processes. Despite the importance of river channel storage, there is not yet an observational constraint on this quantity. We introduce a 26‐year record of entirely remotely sensed volumetric channel water storage (CWS) change on 26 major world rivers. We find mainstem volumetric CWS climatology amplitude (CA) represents an appreciable amount of basin‐wide terrestrial water storage variability (median 2.78%, range 0.04%–12.54% across world rivers), despite mainstem rivers themselves represent an average of just 0.2% of basin area. We find that two global river routing schemes coupled with land surface models reasonably approximate CA (within ±50%) in only 11.5% (CaMa‐Flood) and 30.7% (HyMap) of rivers considered. These findings demonstrate volumetric CWS is a useful quantity for assessing global hydrological model performance, and for advancing understanding of spatial patterns in global hydrology.
Frequent Storm Surges Affect the Groundwater of Coastal Ecosystems
Authors: Nordio Giovanna , Frederiks Ryan , Hingst Mary , Carr Joel , Kirwan Matt , Gedan Keryn , Michael Holly , Fagherazzi Sergio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecent studies have focused on the effect of large tropical cyclones (hurricanes) on the shore, neglecting the role of less intense but more frequent events. Here we analyze the effect of the offshore tropical storm Melissa on groundwater data collected along the North America Atlantic coast. Our meta‐analysis indicates that both groundwater level and specific conductivity significantly increased during Melissa, respectively reaching maximum values of 1.09 m and 25.2 mS/cm above pre‐storm levels. Time to recover to pre‐storm levels was 10 times greater for groundwater specific conductivity, with a median value of 20 days, while groundwater level had a median recovery time of 2 days. A frequency‐magnitude analysis indicates that the percent of time with salinization is higher for Melissa than for energetic hurricanes. Given the high frequency of these events (return period of 1–2 years), and the long time needed for groundwater conditions to return to normal levels, we conclude that increasingly frequent moderate storms will have a significant impact on the ecology of vegetated shorelines.
Tropical Pacific and North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature Patterns Modulate Mississippi Basin Hydroclimate Extremes Over the Last Millennium
Authors: Luo Xinyue , Dee Sylvia , Lavenhouse Trinity , Muñoz Samuel , Steiger Nathan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMississippi River basin floods impart large socioeconomic impacts over the central United States. Improving flood predictability depends on our understanding of the dynamical controls on Mississippi basin hydroclimate. However, short instrumental records make it difficult to constrain the connections between flooding and climate variability. Here, we use the Paleo Hydrodynamics Data Assimilation product, spanning the Last Millennium, to investigate the impacts of tropical Pacific and North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) variability on hydrological extremes across the Mississippi River and its major tributaries. Wet extremes are associated with strong El Niño‐like warming over the tropical Pacific, but specific SST patterns matter: dry (wet) conditions occur during Central Pacific (Eastern Pacific) El Niño events. The influence of North Atlantic SSTs is less clear, but cool SSTs contribute to Ohio basin wet extremes. These results are relevant for seasonal‐to‐interannual flood hazard prediction on the fourth largest river basin in the world.
Sensitivity of Observationally Based Estimates of Ocean Heat Content and Thermal Expansion to Vertical Interpolation Schemes
Authors: Li Yuehua , Church John A. , McDougall Trevor J. , Barker Paul M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChanges in ocean heat content are a critical element of climate change, with the oceans containing about 90% of the excess heat stored in the climate system and 60% in the upper 700 db. Estimates of these changes are sensitive to horizontal mapping of the sparse historical data and errors in eXpendable BathyThermograph data. Here we show that they are also sensitive to the vertical interpolation of sparsely sampled data through the water column. We estimate, using carefully constructed vertical interpolation methods with high‐quality hydrographic (bottle and CTD) data, the observationally based upper ocean heat content increase (thermosteric sea level rise) from 1956 to 2020 is 285 Zeta Joules (0.55 mm yr−1), 14% (14%) larger than estimates relying on simple but biased linear interpolation schemes. The underestimates have a clear spatial pattern with their maximum near 15°N and 12°S, around the maxima in the curvature of the temperature‐depth profile.
Simulation Study of the 15 January 2022 Tonga Event: Development of Super Equatorial Plasma Bubbles
Authors: Huba J. D. , Becker E. , Vadas S. L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe present high‐resolution simulation results of the response of the ionosphere/plasmasphere system to the 15 January 2022 Tonga volcanic eruption. We use the coupled Sami3 is Also a Model of the Ionosphere ionosphere/plasmasphere model and the HIgh Altitude Mechanistic general Circulation Model whole atmosphere model with primary atmospheric gravity wave effects from the Model for gravity wavE SOurces, Ray trAcing and reConstruction model. We find that the Tonga eruption produced a “super” equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) extending ∼30° in longitude and up to 500 km in altitude with a density depletion of 3 orders of magnitude. We also found a “train” of EPBs developed and extended over the longitude range 150°–200° and that two EPBs reached altitudes over 4,000 km. The primary cause of this behavior is the significant modification of the zonal neutral wind caused by the atmospheric disturbance associated with the eruption, and the subsequent modification of the dynamo electric field.
Locating the Largest Event Observed on Mars With Multi‐Orbit Surface Waves
Authors: Panning M. P. , Banerdt W. B. , Beghein C. , Carrasco S. , Ceylan S. , Clinton J. F. , Davis P. , Drilleau M. , Giardini D. , Khan A. , Kim D. , Knapmeyer‐Endrun B. , Li J. , Lognonné P. , Stähler S. C. , Zenhäusern G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrior to the 2018 landing of the InSight mission, the InSight science team proposed locating Marsquakes using multiple orbit surface waves, independent of seismic velocity models, for events larger than MW4.6. The S1222a MW4.7 of 4 May 2022 is the largest Marsquake recorded and the first large enough for this method. Group arrivals of the first three orbits of Rayleigh waves are determined to derive the group velocity, epicentral distance, and origin time. The mean distance of 36.9 ± 0.3° agrees with the Marsquake Service (MQS) distance based on body wave measurements of 37.0 ± 1.6°. The origin time from surface waves is systematically later than the MQS origin time by 20 s. Backazimuth estimation is similar to body wave estimations from MQS although suggesting a shift to the south. Backazimuth estimates from R2 and R3 are more scattered, but do show clear elliptical motion.
A Single 520 km Discontinuity Beneath the Contiguous United States With Pyrolitic Seismic Properties
Authors: Zhang Han , Schmandt Brandon , Zhou Wen‐Yi , Zhang Jin S. , Maguire Ross 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOlivine polymorphs are considered the most abundant minerals in Earth and vital to governing its dynamics. Seismic discontinuities near 410 and 660 km depth are attributed to phase transitions of olivine polymorphs and have long been in reference Earth models. However, the significance of the 520 km discontinuity (520) and its causative phase transition are debated. To address its prevalence and properties, receiver functions from >2,000 seismographs across the U.S. were inverted using parameterizations with and without the 520. A 520 is required for 84% of the area at 95% confidence. The 520s depths and S‐velocity contrasts nearly match predictions from the pyrolite model, as expected for a widespread feature that dominantly reflects the wadsleyite to ringwoodite transition.
Combined Modes of the Northern Stratosphere, Tropical Oceans, and East Asian Spring Rainfall: A Novel Method to Improve Seasonal Forecasts of Precipitation
Authors: Rao Jian , Garfinkel Chaim I. , Wu Tongwen , Luo Jing‐Jia , Lu Yixiong , Chu Min , Lu Qian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSeasonal forecasting models have a harder time accurately predicting regional precipitation anomalies in East Asia than the large‐scale drivers of these precipitation anomalies. These large‐scale drivers include both sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and conditions in the polar stratosphere. A maximum covariance analysis is used to isolate the SST and stratospheric patterns most associated with anomalous East Asian precipitation, which are employed to correct seasonal forecasts by projecting the forecasted stratospheric circulation and SST onto the observed combined modes. The nonuniform predictability of East Asian rainfall in seasonal forecast models is improved after error correction with the observed linkage between the stratosphere–tropical ocean modes and East Asian rainfall. This method should be helpful for improving rainfall forecasts in other regions as well.
Observational Perspectives on Beaufort Sea Ice Breakouts
Authors: Jewell MacKenzie E. , Hutchings Jennifer K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn winter 2013, a sea ice breakout in the Beaufort Sea produced extensive fracturing and contributed to record ice export. Rheinlænder et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL099024) simulated this event using the neXtSIM sea ice model, reproducing a realistic progression of lead opening and ice drift following the track of an anticyclone. Their simulations indicate strong winds and thin ice are key factors in breakouts. We discuss observational records giving additional insight into the mechanisms controlling breakout events, including the role of wind direction. Breakouts are common and have occurred under weaker winds than in 2013 and in thicker ice of previous decades. During 2013 and other events, patterns of lead opening during breakout followed changes in wind direction relative to the coast with anticyclone position. For skillful predictions of future breakouts, models must reproduce this behavior, and their performance should be assessed across a range of wind and ice conditions.
Driver of Energetic Electron Precipitation in the Vicinity of Ganymede
Authors: Li W. , Ma Q. , Shen X.‐C. , Zhang X.‐J. , Mauk B. H. , Clark G. , Allegrini F. , Kurth W. S. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Sulaiman A. , Nordheim T. A. , Bolton S. J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe driver of energetic electron precipitation into Ganymede's atmosphere has been an outstanding open problem. During the Juno flyby of Ganymede on 7 June 2021, Juno observed significant downward‐going electron fluxes inside the bounce loss cone of Ganymede's polar magnetosphere. Concurrently, Juno detected intense whistler‐mode waves, both in the quasi‐parallel and highly oblique directions with respect to the magnetic field line. We use quasi‐linear model to quantify energetic electron precipitation driven by quasi‐parallel and very oblique whistler‐mode waves, respectively, in the vicinity of Ganymede. The data‐model comparison indicates that in Ganymede's lower‐latitude (higher‐latitude) polar region, quasi‐parallel whistler‐mode waves play a dominant role in precipitating higher‐energy electrons above ∼100s eV (∼1 keV), whereas highly oblique waves are important for precipitating lower‐energy electrons below 100s eV (∼1 keV). Our result provides new evidence of whistler‐mode waves as a potential primary driver of precipitating energetic electrons into Ganymede's atmosphere.
Ultra‐Slow Discharges That Precede Lightning Initiation
Authors: Sterpka C. , Dwyer J. , Liu N. , Demers N. , Hare B. M. , Scholten O. , ter Veen S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe report on ultra‐slowly propagating discharge events with speeds in the range 1–13 km/s, much lower than any known lightning process. The propagation speeds of these discharges are orders of magnitude slower than leader or streamer speeds, but faster than the ion drift speed. For one particular event, a lightning leader forms about 40 ms later within 50 m of the discharge, likely within the same high field region. A second slow event forms 9 ms prior to the initiation, and leads into the negative leader. Most slow events appear to not be directly involved with lightning initiation. This suggests that the classic streamer cascade model of initiation is not always a definitive process. In this work we describe these discharge events displaying unique behavior, their relation to common lightning discharges, and their implications for lightning initiation.
Trade Wind Boundary Layer Turbulence and Shallow Precipitating Convection: New Insights Combining SAR Images, Satellite Brightness Temperature, and Airborne In Situ Measurements
Authors: Brilouet P.‐E. , Bouniol D. , Couvreux F. , Ayet A. , Granero‐Belinchon C. , Lothon M. , Mouche A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe imprint of marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) dynamical structures on sea surface roughness, as seen from Sentinel‐1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) acquisitions, is investigated. We focus on 13 February 2020, a case study of the elucidating the role of clouds‐circulation coupling in climate field campaign. For suppressed conditions, convective rolls imprint on sea surface roughness is confirmed through the intercomparison with MABL turbulent organization deduced from airborne measurements. A discretization of the SAR wide swath into 25 × 25 km2 tiles then allows us to capture the spatial variability of the turbulence organization varying from rolls to cells. Second, we objectively detect cold pools within the SAR image and combine them with geostationary brightness temperature. The geometrical or physically‐based metrics of cold pools are correlated to cloud properties. This provides a promising methodology to analyze the dynamics of convective systems as seen from below and above.
Turbulence Signatures in High‐Latitude Ionospheric Scintillation
Authors: Meziane K. , Hamza A. M. , Jayachandran P. T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGround‐based amplitude measurements of Global Navigation Satellite System signal during ionospheric scintillation are analyzed using prevalent data analysis tools developed in the fields of fluid and plasma turbulence. One such tool is the structure function of order q, with q = 1 to q = 6, which reduces to the computation of the second‐order difference in the GPS signal amplitude at various time lags, and allows for the exploration of dominant length scales in the propagation medium. We report the existence of a range where the structure function is linear with respect to time lag. This linear time segment could be considered as an analog to the inertial range in the context of neutral and plasma turbulence theory. Quantitatively, the slope of the structure function in the linear range is in good agreement with the scaling exponent determined from in situ measurements of the electrostatic potential at low altitude (E‐region) and the electron density at the topside ionosphere (F‐region). This in turn suggests the conjecture that scintillation could be considered a proxy for ionospheric turbulence. Furthermore, we have found that the probability distribution function of the second‐order difference in the signal amplitude has non‐Gaussian features at large time lags; a result that seems inconsistent with equilibrium statistical physics which suggests a Gaussian distribution for the conventional random‐walk processes. This could indicate that intermittency may occur at large time lags.
Constraining the Crustal and Mantle Conductivity Structures Beneath Islands by a Joint Inversion of Multi‐Source Magnetic Transfer Functions
Authors: Chen Chaojian , Kuvshinov Alexey , Kruglyakov Mikhail , Munch Federico , Rigaud Rafael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, we present a tool to simultaneously invert multi‐source magnetic transfer functions (TFs), including tippers, solar global‐to‐local TFs originating from the signals due to ionospheric source, and global Q‐responses originating from the signals due to magnetospheric source. We jointly invert the aforementioned TFs to constrain the local conductivity structures beneath three islands in the Atlantic (Tristan da Cunha), Indian (Cocos), and Pacific (Oahu) Oceans. The recovered conductivity profiles appeared to be consistent with the presence of upper mantle plumes beneath the Tristan da Cunha and Oahu Islands. Our results indicate resistive lithosphere of different thicknesses beneath considered three islands. Besides, new conductivity profiles suggest warmer‐than‐average mantle temperatures and the presence of a small fraction of melt beneath Tristan da Cunha Island. At the same time, the conductivities beneath Cocos Island are in good agreement with estimates expected for ambient mantle conditions.