bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Fluorine Certified Reference Material for Fluoroether Rubber
Authors: Hou QQ , Xu F , Dong YaZ , Zhang WS , Zhu TY , Liu X , Xun QN , Ji KJ 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
High-pressure free radical emulsion polymerization was used to prepare the fluorine certified reference material candidates for fluoroether rubber. Ion chromatography method and high performance liquid chromatography were adopted for the determination of the certified reference material, and various sources of uncertainty in the determination process were analyzed and calculated to gain the expanded uncertainty by synthesis. The homogeneity of the certified reference material was checked by F test and the stability was investigated by t test. The results show that the prepared fluorine certified reference material for fluoroether rubber has accurate value and good homogeneity and stability.
A Chamber Pressure Prediction Method Based on Strain Measurement of Composite Barrel Recoilless Guns
Authors: Li Z Y , Tao G , Ren B X , Wang X F 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
To predict the chamber pressure of positions corresponding to the strain data of the gun barrel’ outside walls, this study measures the chamber pressure and strain of different positions in a recoilless gun, and proposes a chamber pressure calculation method which is based on strain measurement of cylinder walls using the single-layer thin-walled cylinder theory and the plane strain-elastic stress solution for multi-layer orthotropic cylinders. Experimental results showed that the deformation of the recoilless gun at different positions was caused by varying factors. Specifically, chamber deformation was attributed to the expansion of high-pressure propellant gas, showing a strain curve similar to that of chamber pressure. The deformation of the barrel part between the chamber throat and the muzzle was first caused by band engraving and then by the expansion of high-pressure propellant gas. If the effect of band engraving was neglected, the changes of chamber pressure there were found to be well in line with the chamber deformation caused by propellant gas expansion. The calculation results revealed that the relative errors between the chamber pressure values predicted by the proposed method and the measured ones were in the range of 0.82%-7.88%, suggesting that the proposed method can effectively predict chamber pressure. The calculation error at the chamber position was large, reaching 7.88%, due to the neglect of the gap between the cartridge case and the chamber’s inside walls. The pressure in the barrel part between the chamber throat and the muzzle was satisfactorily predicted, with a minimum error of 0.82% and a maximum error of only 5.89% at the muzzle.
Mechanical Properties of a Hybrid Composite with Ternary Laminated Structure
Authors: Qi YY , Xue YJ , Wang BC , Xu HM , Kong LM 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A hybrid composite reinforced by aramid, glass and carbon fibers and processed with integrated vacuum infusion is studied in this paper. Reasons why the composite suffers from warpage after post-curing are analyzed. Such deformation is restrained by adjusting the thickness ratio of the fibers. Results indicate that with a constant areal density, the minimum deformation is 0.28 when the thickness ratio of the surface layer to the back layer is 1.46.
Ignition Performance of SCB/Pb•BaTNR
Authors: Liu LJ , Wang ZJ , Li TT , Zhang T , Wen C , Guo XR , Tang L , Wang BY , Zhang X 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Polysilicon thin-film semiconductor bridges (SCB) and Pb•BaTNR primary explosives are selected to prepare SCB/Pb•BaTNR samples, and their ignition performance is tested. The test results show that the SCB/Pb•BaTNR samples were ignited random when the ignition energy provided for SCB is insufficient but aroud critical value. Under different energy-storage capacitance, the voltages that lead to SCB completely gasifying into high-energy plasma are around 21V, indicating that charging voltage is the main factor affecting SCB elements to produce high-energy plasma. Ignition tests are performed on the SCB/Pb•BaTNR samples under the conditions of 47μF/21V, 64μF/21V, and 100μF/21V. The samples are found to ignite reliably, and the action time ranges from 0.17 ms to 0.4 ms, meeting the requirements for high instantaneity.
Modular Design of Missile Electrical System
Authors: Hongxing Zheng , Fei Zuo , Hang Xu , Xiaowen Xi , Shi He 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Future battlefield requires some new features of tactical missile, such as “plug-and-play” assembly at the field level, intelligent recognition and autonomous reconfiguration. Based on these needs, this paper systematically studies the design of information transmission system on the missile, power supply and distribution of the whole missile, and electric information transmission between function modules of the missile. It finally puts forward the design scheme of missile electrical system with functions like “plug-and-play” assembly at the field level, intelligent recognition and autonomous reconfiguration.
A BeiDou Single-Frequency Pseudo-range Differential Positioning Algorithm Optimized for Trajectory
Authors: Peng Wu , Pengxiang Yang , Shuanhu Yang , Lu Luo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes a BeiDou differential positioning algorithm for guided munitions. It builds on the traditional differential positioning algorithm, with the tropospheric delay corrected according to the trajectory altitude, which reduces the positioning error caused by the large elevation difference between the rover and base stations. Through simulation and real flight tests, it is verified that the algorithm can effectively improve the differential positioning accuracy of the missile-borne satellite receiver.
Development of Universal Test Platform of Missile Launch and Control System
Authors: Zhou Y Q , Xue X L , Zhao N , Guo Y C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel hardware and software platform for missile launch and control system based on custom Ethernet bus + modular unit + synchronous clock. It consists of power unit, main control unit, MIL1553B/ARINC429 interface simulation unit, CAN/Flexray interface simulation unit, universal serial interface simulation unit, I/O interface simulation unit, video unit, stabilized voltage supply unit, chassis and other parts. Each unit adopts the modular daisy chain communication, and, through modularization of each unit, realizes the testing of maintenance objects and the expansion of new equipment testing resources in the future. Real-life application shows that the proposed hardware and software platform is reliable and effective.
The Evolution and Development Trend of the Gun Integrated Electronic System Architecture
Authors: Han CW , Gu SH , Zhang GS 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Over the past 40 years, with the rapid development of gun digital technology, the gun integrated electronic system has experienced the evolutionary development process of discrete, federal, and combined system architecture. The development of the future generation of gun integrated electronic system architecture is still in the research and exploration stage. The research results are relatively few and lack of systemicity. This paper proposes a development model and basic concepts of a one-net architecture for the integrated electronic system of gun, and discusses the system composition of the one-net architecture and the core key technologies that need to be solved.
UAV path recognition and tracking based on image
Authors: Nie C R , Guo J , Tang S J , Qi H B 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper firstly analyzes and establishes the motion model of the quadrotor UAV, and then designs the image recognition and control system scheme for the path tracking task. In the image recognition part, the path information is obtained and the desired position signal is obtained by the steps of image optimization, Hough transformation, determining flight direction, identifying the drop-point area, and the PID control is used in the control system part. From the simulation results and 3D visualization module, it can be seen that the UAV can complete the straight-line flight, curve flight, and landing action well, and the image recognition and flight control scheme designed in this paper has good performance.
Development Status and Prospect of Bionic Ammunition
Authors: Yan Junliang , Zhang Xiang , Liu Qi , Liu Mengyan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
With the evolution and development of modern war forms, traditional ammunition is increasingly unable to meet the needs of modern battlefield, and various types of special ammunition emerge as the times require. Bionic ammunition is a kind of miniaturized autonomous ammunition based on bionics theory. It has some excellent performances that other ammunition can’t match, such as intelligence reconnaissance, combat assistance, secret killing and so on. The appearance of bionic ammunition will lead the research of new ammunition to a new stage. This paper introduces the concept of bionic ammunition, summarizes the development of this field at home and abroad, and finally puts forward the future trend and existing problems of bionic ammunition.
Review on the Development of Power Field Testing Technology of High-energy Warhead
Authors: Yan ZG , Wu JP , He X , Cui XC , Lv HP , Sun WP 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
With the increase of warhed charge and the development of new energetic materials, a variety of high-energy warheads have been invented, and the power of high-energy warheads has been greatly enhanced. The power distribution of the warhead explosion is extremely complicated in the space-time dimension, which lead to problems for accurately test and characterize the warhead damage power. According to the characteristics of the high energy warhead, this paper summarizes the research status and progress of the damage testing techniques at home and abroad in recent years, such as shock wave field, fragment field and temperature field. It analyzes the new requirements of the high energy warhead for the power field test technology, and provides a reference for further improving the test capability of the high energy warhead.
Reinforcement Learning based position control of shell-fetching manipulator with extreme random trees
Authors: Fan Jiang , Yunpu Zhu , Quan Zou , Manyi Wang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The automatic loading system of artillery includes the gun-fetching manipulator, which is crucial. The stability and control accuracy of the manipulator, however, are comparatively subpar when following the position trajectory as a result of the changes in the settings of the permanent magnet synchronous motor. This research suggests a reinforcement learning-based strategy for controlling a gun manipulator’s motor behavior in light of the current scenario. In this algorithm, the state variable is the feedback output of the control variable, and the reward function is utilized to calculate the associated reward value. The reinforcement learning agent then makes decisions based on the environment’s state and reward value, adjusting the manipulator’s trajectory in real-time. By comparing different simulation results, the gun-taking manipulator can achieve more accurate position trajectory control based on reinforcement learning.
Research on Fault Diagnosis Technology of Rotational Shell Magazine based on MSCA and SVM
Authors: Liu Yang , Yadong Xu , Wenkuan Huang , Xianxiang Xie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The power unit of self-propelled artillery rotational shell magazine is a vulnerable part in the whole system. Aiming at the problem of magazine fault diagnosis under multiple loads, the method of motor current characteristic analysis and support vector machine is used to diagnose the fault of reducer. Through the establishment of a virtual prototype of a certain revolving shell magazine, the state characteristics of the reducer are analyzed from the perspectives of time domain, frequency domain, time frequency and distribution entropy with the motor phase current as the information source. The support vector machine method is used to train and classify the feature vector set, and the fault diagnosis of a certain rotary magazine reducer is completed.
Research Progress and Prospects of Intelligent Digital Equipment
Authors: Chunmao Ma , Xiaolei Song , Xu Zhang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In response to the development trend of unmanned and intelligent weapons and equipment for the future, intelligent digital equipment, as a “digital brain”, can be deeply integrated into various links such as equipment development and upgrading, experimental verification, and operational support, to lead to leapfrog development of the operational support for future intelligent equipment. First, intelligent digital equipment allows the physical equipment to make adaptive adjustments and boost operational efficiency during combat. Second, it helps the equipment build a capability of perceiving its status and thus improves the operational readiness of equipment in normal times. Third, it allows equipment fault isolation for diagnosis and thus improves the completion rate of missions in combat. Fourth, it provides intelligent guidance for operation training and enhances the efficiency of use and training. Fifth, it achieves online upgrading and verification of functionalities, and changes and upgrades the maintenance mode. This paper introduces the concept of digital equipment and the research outcomes concerning digital twin around the world from 2010 to 2020, and reviews the research progress in the United States and China. It presents the problems faced by the research, and puts forward solutions and research prospects.
The Application of Artificial Compound Eye in Precision Guided Munitions for Urban Combat
Authors: Song Yan-feng , Hao Qun , Cao Jie , Liu Qiang-hui , Liu Hao , Li Jie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As an ideal visual perception system with miniaturization, multi-aperture, wide field of view, low aberration, infinite depth of field, high efficiency and real-time, bionic compound eye has obvious intelligent characteristics, which provides a new idea for the future intelligent development of precision guided weapons, and has also been highly concerned by the US military. Under the leadership of the military, the United States has carried out a series of studies and achieved a series of results. The strategic position of urban combat in the future is analyzed. The requirements of the U.S. Air Force for the next generation of precision-guided munitions, and also the strategic significance of developing urban combat weapons and equipment is described. The advantages and characteristics of artificial compound eye are briefly described. Mainly discussed a series of WFOV artificial compound eye seeker being studied and developed by the U.S. Air Force for urban warfare, as well as the research and development process. Finally, the development suggestion of the WFOV artificial compound eye seeker is given.
Meteorites in Physics Laboratory
Authors: Montalbano Vera 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A proposal for a physics laboratory inserted in an interdisciplinary learning path for characterizing meteorites is described. Small meteorites are characterized both qualitatively through magnetic properties and quantitatively with density measurements. Of particular interest is the open problem of measuring an object with a small volume and an irregular shape. From the measurements of immersion in water, which are often very difficult due to the lack of adequate instruments in laboratory, it is possible to face a concrete experimental problem that leads to unusual indirect measurements.
The harmonic driven pendulum as a teaching example of integration of laboratory and computation
Authors: Tufino Eugenio , Oss Stefano , Gratton Luigi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We describe an activity developed as laboratory at home during the pandemic period by which it is possible to investigate numerically and experimentally a harmonically driven pendulum with a variable frequency. We realized a prototype using LEGO® bricks and EV3 motor. Because the pendulum undergoes large amplitude oscillations, the motion has been studied by implementing the non-linear numerical model in Python. Students can acquire the experimental data with the software of video analysis and compare them with the numerical model. This approach allows to integrate, at varying levels of complexity, computational and experimental skills into the laboratory practice. The activity also allows a connection with the recent topic of gravitational waves detectors that use pendulums in cascade, as mechanical filters to attenuate the seismic noise.
Focus on conceptual ideas in quantum mechanics for teacher training
Authors: Freericks James K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this work, we describe strategies and provide case-study activities that can be used to examine the properties of superposition, entanglement, tagging, complementarity, and measurement in quantum curricula geared for teacher training. Having a solid foundation in these conceptual ideas is critical for educators who will be adopting quantum ideas within the classroom. Yet they are some of the most difficult concepts to master. We show how one can systematically develop these conceptual foundations with thought experiments on light and with thought experiments that employ the Stern-Gerlach experiment. We emphasize the importance of computer animations in aiding the instruction on these concepts.
Investigating of plasma diagnostics by utilizing spectroscopic measurements of Balmer emission
Authors: Arjmand S. , Anania M.P. , Biagioni A. , Ferrario M. , Del Franco M. , Galletti M. , Lollo V. , Pellegrini D. , Pompili R. , Zigler A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Plasma technology offers revolutionary potential for particle accelerators by enabling the
acceleration of electron beams to ultra-relativistic velocities in a small-scale dimension. The
compact nature of plasma-based accelerators permits the creation of accelerating gradients on the
GV scale. Plasma acceleration structures are created by utilizing either ultra-short laser pulses
(Laser Wakefield Acceleration, LWFA) or energetic particle beams (Particle Wakefield Acceleration,
PWFA), which need to be tailored to the plasma parameters. However, both methods face the
challenge of limited acceleration length, which is currently only a few centimeters. To overcome
this challenge, one approach is to generate plasma within a capillary tube, which can extend the
acceleration length up to approximately forty centimeters or more. Consequently, it is crucial to
characterize the produced plasma in terms of density and geometric structure. Optical emission
spectroscopy (EOS) methods can be employed to measure and characterize the plasma electron density
by analyzing the emitted plasma light. This paper presents measurements of the plasma electron
density distribution for a hydrogen-filled capillary tube using both Balmer alpha
(Hα) and Balmer beta (Hβ) lines. Comparing the
intensities of Hα and Hβ emissions enables more precise
measurements of the plasma electron density and provides additional information about other plasma
properties.
A derivation of the electric field inside MAPS detectors from beam-test data and limited TCAD simulations
Authors: Santra A. , Tal Hod N. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Solid semiconductor sensors are used as detectors in
high-energy physics experiments, in medical applications, in space
missions and elsewhere. Minimal knowledge of the electric field
inside the elementary cells of these sensors is highly important for
their performance understanding. The field governs the charge
propagation processes and ultimately determines the size and quality
of the electronic signal of the cell. Hence, the simulation of
these sensors as detectors in different analyses relies strongly on
the field knowledge. For a certain voltage applied to the cell, the
field depends on the specifics of the device's growth and
fabrication. The information about these is often commercially
protected or otherwise very difficult to encode in state-of-the-art
technology computer-aided-design (TCAD) software. In this work, we
show that by taking the top-down approach, combining public
beam-test data and a very limited public TCAD knowledge, we are able
to effectively approximate the 3D electric field function in the
pixel cell of one important and widely used example, namely the
ALPIDE sensor, for simulating the charge propagation
processes. Despite its broad usage worldwide, the ALPIDE field is
not available to the community. We provide an effective field
function, that adequately describes the sensor behaviour without
trying to reconstruct further details about the device or the
details behind its processing. We comment on the process by which
the effective field function is derived with the help of the
Allpix2 software, and on how similar work can be performed for
other devices, starting from the same grounds.
Patterns and drivers of disturbance in tropical forest reserves of southern Ghana
Authors: Wanyama Dan , Wimberly Michael C , Mensah Foster 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ghana has retained a substantial area of tropical forests in an extensive network of protected reserves. These forests are impacted by land uses such as logging, mining, and agriculture as well as wildfires. We studied forest disturbance and recovery from 2013 to 2020 using annual maps of forest cover derived from Landsat imagery. Fire-associated disturbance was distinguished using VIIRS active fire data. We used boosted regression trees to model disturbances in closed and open forests as a function of climate variability, human accessibility, and landscape structure. A total of 3562 km2 of forest reserves were disturbed, of which 17% (615 km2) were fire disturbances and 83% (2946 km2) were non-fire disturbances. Of the total disturbed area, 68% was degradation (change from closed to open forest), 28% was open forest loss, and only 4% was closed forest loss. Over the same period, 2702 km2 of forest reserves recovered, with 1948 km2 of these recovering to closed-canopy forests. Fire disturbances were strongly associated with precipitation anomalies and occurred mostly in drier years, whereas non-fire disturbances had weaker relationships with precipitation. Disturbances in closed forests occurred in landscapes where closed forest cover was already low. In contrast, disturbances in open forests were most common in locations with intermediate levels of population pressure from nearby cities and proximity to non-forest land cover. The results support the idea that forest disturbance in Ghana is a multi-stage process involving degradation of closed forests followed by loss of the resulting open forests. Although non-fire disturbance rates are consistent from year to year, sharp increases in fire disturbance occur in drought years. Locations with the highest disturbance risk are associated with measurable indicators of climate, human pressure, and fragmentation, which can be used to identify these areas for conservation and forest restoration activities.