bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract A092: All of Us research program: Health equity and precision medicine
Authors: Smith JoAnn 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The All of Us Research Program aims to accelerate health research and medical breakthroughs, enabling individualized prevention, treatment, and care for all. All of Us is building a large and inclusive cohort, with a goal of enrolling one million or more participant partners that reflect the rich diversity of the United States. Health equity is a core value of the program with a focus on engaging diverse communities in safe, protected ways. All of Us aims to include and build trust with those previously underrepresented in biomedical research while helping to improve the lack of diversity in genomic research. Furthermore, unlike research studies that focus on one disease or group of people, All of Us is working to improve health care through research by creating a widely accessible, disease agnostic resource, known as the Researcher Workbench, for researchers to make discoveries. To date, we have equipped more than two thousand researchers nationwide with health data from diverse populations. The Researcher Workbench is also uniquely positioned to empower cancer research, with 150+ projects focused in oncology. More broadly, the diversity of the projects show how the program’s data can be utilized for multidisciplinary research across various topic areas including cancer, genomics, health equity, and more to advance precision medicine in ways that reduce health disparities. Available data types include genomics, electronic health records, surveys (social determinants of health, lifestyle, etc.), physical measurements, and wearables. We aim to make these data broadly accessible to drive research about various diseases, especially those where health disparities persist.With an emphasis on engagement and recruitment of populations historically underrepresented in biomedical research and equity-focused data access for research in a diverse dataset, the All of Us Research Program can help enable a deeper understanding of disease biology and ultimately more precise approaches to care for all.
Citation Format: JoAnn Smith. All of Us research program: Health equity and precision medicine [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A092.
Abstract A126: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rate by gender identity among US young adults
Authors: Lee Minjee , Jenkins Wiley D. , Drake Bettina , Van Vickle-Chavez Sarah 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: While national human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination estimates vary by sex, little is known about variation by gender identity. We sought to estimate HPV vaccination initiation and completion by gender identity among US young adults. Methods: We used 2018-2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from individuals reporting both gender identity and HPV vaccination status. Weighted, multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with vaccination initiation and completion. Results: The 6,484 individuals included 3,300 cismales, 3,130 cisfemales, 31 transmales, and 23 transfemales. Vaccination initiation/completion were low, at 40.1% and 17.6%, respectively, and varied by gender identity: cismale=29.1%/9.6%, cisfemale=51.3%/25.8%, transmale=50.1%/5.9%, and transfemale=34.7%/13.0% (P &lt;.0001). In weighted multivariable models, cismales were significantly less likely than cisfemales to initiate (OR:0.39; 95% CI:0.32-0.48) and complete (OR:0.29; 95% CI:0.22-0.37) vaccination, but no significant differences were observed for transmales and transfemales compared to cisfemale. Factors associated with lower initiation included: non-Hispanic Black race (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.54-0.93), high school diploma (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.42-0.78), rural residence (OR: 0.64; 95% CI:0.45-0.90), no insurance (OR: 0.56; 95% CI:0.43-0.74), and no regular provider (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.53-0.84). Factors associated with lower completion included: non-Hispanic Black race (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.34-0.67), Hispanic race (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.49-0.99), married (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.57-0.95), high school diploma (OR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.42-0.85), and no regular provider (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.46-0.87). Conclusion: HPV vaccination rates in the U.S. are low across all subsamples and future HPV vaccine uptake studies should account for gender identity.
Citation Format: Minjee Lee, Wiley D. Jenkins, Bettina Drake, Sarah Van Vickle-Chavez. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rate by gender identity among US young adults [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A126.
Abstract B009: Pain alleviating factors reported by cancer patients
Authors: Fullwood Dottington , Means Sydney , Wilkie Diana J. , Odedina Folakemi T. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Pain is one of the complications of cancer or cancer treatment and affects the quality of life of cancer patients. Unfortunately, factors that alleviate cancer pain have been understudied despite pain being one of the most common symptoms of cancer. The purpose of this secondary comparative analysis study was to identify factors that alleviate cancer pain and their relationship to specific cancer types. Methods: The study comprised 579 participants from inpatient and outpatient cancer care centers in Seattle, WA. The participants used paper or a tablet computer to complete the McGill Pain Questionnaire, which included an open-ended question: “What kinds of things relieve your pain?” Text responses were coded into six outcome categories: 1) Activity level, 2) Cognitive, 3) Environmental, 4) Medical, 5) Physical, and 6) Sedentary behavior. Race and ethnicity categories were collapsed into Black/Other and White based on frequency distribution. We conducted a multivariable regression analysis adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics using the number of activities/factors in each of the six outcome categories. Results: Patients were mostly White (86%), female (27%) and aged 58.7± 12.3 years on average. Nearly 13% of the sample were Black/Other patients. The current pain intensity was more intense for Black/Other patients than White patients (p &lt;0.001). Activity (ρ=0.02), cognition (ρ&lt;0.001), and medication (ρ&lt;0.001) were more frequently used as pain-alleviating factors among lung cancer patients compared to head and neck cancer patients. Males (ρ=0.02) and lung cancer patients (ρ=0.02) engaged in significantly less physical activity alleviating factors than females and head and neck cancer patients. Differences between the race groups were not statistically significant for mean alleviating factors. Conclusion: Although pain intensity is more intense for minority patients than their White counterparts, their behaviors to alleviate their pain do not differ in this sample. Differences in pain alleviating factors by gender and type of cancer warrant additional research to understand the complexity of patients’ self-care behaviors with consideration of demographic and cancer variables as well as analgesics.
Citation Format: Dottington Fullwood, Sydney Means, Diana J. Wilkie, Folakemi T. Odedina. Pain alleviating factors reported by cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B009.
Abstract B061: Development of small media on cancer education for cervical, breast, and colorectal screening in the Pueblo of Zuni
Authors: Leekity Samantha R. , Kelly Keith E. , Jim Cheyenne , Sheche Judith N. , Mishra Shiraz I. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
American Indians (AIs) experience continued disparities in incidence, mortality, and survival on cancers responsive to early screening in the US. In New Mexico, AIs compared with other racial/ethnic populations are substantially less likely to adhere to recommended screening guidelines. Our study focuses on increasing cancer awareness using culturally, linguistically, and health literacy appropriate small media (brochure and fact sheet). Formative research was conducted to adapt small media to convey screening options, cancer risks/benefits, and resources for breast, colorectal, and cervical cancer. The Zuni Health Initiative (ZHI) is located on the Zuni Pueblo, with all staff and student employees identifying as Zuni tribal members. A nine-member Tribal Advisory Panel (TAP) was established that included representation from Tribal organizations, healthcare providers, and Zuni Pueblo leadership. The study obtained approvals from the Zuni Tribal Council, Southwest Tribal IRB, and UNM Health Sciences IRB. ZHI staff recruited TAP/Tribal members to a total of 6 focus groups, 2 each of the three cancer types. Each session lasted 1 hour and was student led. Questions presented related to traditional beliefs about health, graphic layout, artwork, and word usage. Feedback suggested making the small media Zuni-specific, including pictures, artwork, Tribal member testimonies, and resources. Designing educational materials with Zuni-specific cultural, linguistic, and Tribal representation should enhance participation of Zuni Tribal members in cancer control educational interventions. The new small media will form an integral component of multi-level, multicomponent behavioral-cognitive interventions designed to enhance cancer screening uptake through heightened awareness about cancer screenings risks/benefits, and screening resources.
Citation Format: Samantha R. Leekity, Keith E. Kelly, Cheyenne Jim, Judith N. Sheche, Shiraz I. Mishra. Development of small media on cancer education for cervical, breast, and colorectal screening in the Pueblo of Zuni [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B061.
Abstract B093: A mixed methods study of racial ethnic minority enrollment in biospecimen research
Authors: Zhang Tina Y. , Buck Anne K. , Li David , Ilinski Adrian , Modanlo Nina , Mahdaviani Kiana , Ko Naomi Y. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Racial and ethnic minorities are underrepresented in cancer biospecimen research. Advancements in precision medicine without inclusion of minority groups is likely to exacerbate disparities in cancer care and treatment outcomes. There is a paucity of literature comparing enrollment into cancer biobanks by race, and little is known about specific reasons why patients decline participation. Methods: Between January and December 2021, eligible participants for biospecimen research studies were surveyed for reasons for consenting to or declining participation. Consent rates for participation were compared by gender, race, and age. Open responses were reviewed for themes. Results: Survey responses from 67 participants were analyzed. Twenty-four participants (35.8%) self-identified as White and 43 (64.2%) as non-White. Forty-five (67.2%) respondents reported agreeing to biospecimen research while 21 (31.3%) reported declining. White participants reported significantly higher participation rates compared to non-White participants (87.5% vs. 55.8%, p = 0.012). The majority of respondents (65.7%) reported learning about biospecimen research studies from a research assistant, and 12 participants (18%) reported that a provider recommended participation. Reasons for declining included “going through a lot”, “I do not want to make additional visits for the study” and “my doctor did not recommend it.” Discussion: Our findings suggest that most patients will consent to biospecimen research, however racial minorities are more likely to decline. Qualitative responses suggest that increased provider engagement and use of low-literacy and bilingual education materials may improve participation.
Citation Format: Tina Y. Zhang, Anne K. Buck, David Li, Adrian Ilinski, Nina Modanlo, Kiana Mahdaviani, Naomi Y. Ko. A mixed methods study of racial ethnic minority enrollment in biospecimen research [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B093.
Abstract B126: Examining Medicaid-serving primary care teams and delivery context on quality of care transitions to oncology: Implications for health equity
Authors: O'Malley Denalee M. , Doose Michelle , Howard Jenna , Cantor Joel C. , Crabtree Benjamin F. , Tsui Jennifer 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Care transitions, from primary care to oncology, for Medicaid enrollees are understudied and likely contribute to quality and outcome disparities. We explore multi-team systems (MTS) (care coordination tasks and teamwork) to understand variations in breast and colorectal cancer care transitions in Medicaid-serving clinics. Methods and Materials: We conducted a comparative case study of three purposively recruited primary care clinics in New Jersey, based on clinic-level care transition performance (Medicaid enrollees’ receipt of guideline-concordant treatment). Site evaluations, conducted in 2019-2020, included observation (2-3 days) and interviews. Insights into performance variation emerged from a two-phase analytic approach. Results: Performance variations may stem from adaptations of MTS inputs and processes based on contextual factors (i.e., business model, clinic culture). Clinic 1 (average performer), part of a multi-site safety-net clinic system, mainly teamed outside of their organization, relying on designated roles, protocol-based care, and quality improvement informed by within team metrics. Clinic 2 (high performer), part of a for-profit health system, remained mission driven to improve urban health, teamed exclusively with internal teams with electronically enabled between team information exchange, and health system wide quality improvement efforts. Clinic 3, (low performer), a physician-owned private practice with minimal teaming, accepted Medicaid enrollees to diversify their payer mix and relied on referral-based care with limited consideration of social barriers. Conclusion: MTS’s adapt their care coordination in response to context. Addressing disparities in cancer care coordination for Medicaid populations should prioritize the implementation of policy that leverage clinic attributes and the boundary status of interdependent teams.
Citation Format: Denalee M. O'Malley, Michelle Doose, Jenna Howard, Joel C. Cantor, Benjamin F. Crabtree, Jennifer Tsui. Examining Medicaid-serving primary care teams and delivery context on quality of care transitions to oncology: Implications for health equity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B126.
Abstract C016: Genomic analysis of patients across continental ancestry groups
Authors: Carrot-Zhang Jian , New Justin , Xie Amy , Frampton Garrett 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
People with different ancestries inherit different risks and encounter different environmental exposures resulting in different somatic profiles. A lack of knowledge about ancestry-specific alterations is a major barrier to implementing precision medicine, leading to inequities in genetic testing, targeted treatment and clinical trial design for cancer patients from the underserved populations. However, a limited number of cancer cases from non-European populations have been sequenced in research setting, and paired normal samples are often not collected in routine clinical care. Here, we inferred African (AFR), South Asian (SAS), East Asian (EAS), American (AMR) and European (EUR) ancestry from comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) of over 200,000 tumors at Foundation Medicine and identified 18717, 8588, 6594 patients with significant proportions of AFR, AMR, EAS ancestry, respectively. Using logistic regressions with age of diagnosis, gender and tumor mutation burden (TMB) as covariates, we identified 165 ancestry-associated genes across 14 common cancer types. We found that in colorectal cancer, KRAS (OR=1.5, FDR corrected p=4x10-44) and APC (OR=1.4, FDR corrected p=1x10-16) mutations were enriched in patients with AFR ancestry, whereas BRAF mutations were depleted in both AFR (OR=0.5, FDR corrected p=5x10-24) and EAS (OR=0.6, FDR corrected p=6x10-5) patients. CDK12 mutations were enriched in both AFR (OR=1.6, FDR corrected p=2x10-4) and EAS (OR=3.1, FDR corrected p=2x10-7) prostate cancer patients. For patients with AMR ancestry, increased mutation frequency was observed in SETD2 in pancreatic cancer (OR=3.4, FDR corrected p=1x10-4), and VHL in renal clear cell carcinoma (OR=1.9, FDR corrected p=2x10-4). For renal cell carcinoma patients with AFR ancestry, mutations in NF2 were enriched (OR=2.5, FDR =8x10-6). In GBM, TERT alterations were associated with EUR ancestry (OR=1.3, FDR corrected p=0.003). Interestingly, TMB-high status was associated with EUR ancestry in melanoma (OR=5.9, p=6x10-36) and anti-correlated with AFR ancestry in endometrial carcinoma (OR=0.7, p=1x10-6). Our large-scale ancestry analysis characterized the somatic landscape of non-European cancer patients. Future directions include quantifying the germline heritability of identified ancestry-associated mutations using a local ancestry risk score (LRS).
Citation Format: Jian Carrot-Zhang, Justin New, Amy Xie, Garrett Frampton. Genomic analysis of patients across continental ancestry groups [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C016.
Abstract C019: Evaluation of genes for glutathione-S-transferase genetic polymorphism in drivers exposed to air pollution
Authors: Sagbo Firmin Houénoukpo , Atindehou Mènonvè , Cachon Boris 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Air pollution and its possible impact on human health is attracting growing interest around the world. It remains a serious threat of premature death. Multiple source of pollution are present in the outdoor and indoor air such as exhaust gases, industry, pesticides, gasoline, fuels, incense, air fresheners, insecticides, smoke, cosmetics and maintenance products…. These sources emited pollutants such as PM, CO, NO, VOC, PAH, O3 which are responsible for headaches, dizziness, eye irritation, hepatitis, respiratory and cardiac diseases and cancers (breast, blood, cervix, prostate…). These pathologies are due to the homozygous deletion of the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) genes. GST protects the body against toxicants by neutralizing electrophiles and makes toxic metabolites more soluble. Objective: To evaluate the genes of the glutathione-S-transferase genetic polymorphism GSTM1 and GSTT1 in pollutant-exposed motorcycle drivers. Materials & methods The study group is made up of 60 motorcycle drivers, including 30 professionals and 30 non-professionals. Blood samples are taken into the EDTA tube and DNA was extracted by the phenol/chloroform method. PCR was chosen to determine the presence or absence of GSTM1 and GSTT1. Results Our results showed that the percentage of GSTM1 null genotype was a significant difference (P=0.02), while the percentage of GSTT1 null genotype was not significant (P=0.76) between the two groups. The deletion of both genes is greater in professional than non-professional drivers. Conclusion In sum, air pollution in Cotonou appears to influence GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene suppression at a higher percentage in professional motorcycle drivers. This population could be predisposed to develop cancers. We recommend the consumption of fruits, organic vegetables and plants rich in antioxidants to strengthen the immune system.
Citation Format: Firmin Houénoukpo Sagbo, Mènonvè Atindehou, Boris Cachon. Evaluation of genes for glutathione-S-transferase genetic polymorphism in drivers exposed to air pollution [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C019.
Abstract C020: Identification of metabolic and molecular mechanisms contributing to ER+ cancer disparities using a machine-learning pipeline
Authors: Casiano Ashlie Santaliz , Madak-Erdogan Zeynep , Meta Dhruv , Frasor Jonna , Rauscher Garth , Hoskins Kent 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: African American (AA) women are less likely to develop breast cancer but when they do, their mortality rates are 40% higher compared to Non-Hispanic White (NHW) women. This disparity is particularly striking among ER+ breast cancer cases. The purpose of this study is to examine whether there are racial differences in metabolic and molecular pathways typically activated in patients with ER+ positive breast cancer. Methods: We collected plasma from AA and NHW cases and controls to conduct an untargeted metabolomics analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify metabolites that are possibly altered in the different race groups. Statistical methods combined with multiple feature selection and prediction models were employed to identify race-specific altered metabolic signatures. This was followed by the identification of altered metabolic pathways with a focus on AA patients with breast cancer. The clinical significance of the findings was further examined in the PanCancer Atlas breast cancer data set. Results: We identified differential metabolic signatures between NHW and AA patients. In AA patients, we observed disturbed amino acid metabolism, while fatty acid metabolism was significant in NHW patients. By mapping these metabolites to genes, this study identified significant relations with regulators of metabolism such as methionine adenosyltransferase 1A (MAT1A), DNA Methyltransferases, Histone methyltransferases for AA individuals, and Fatty acid Synthase (FASN) and Monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) for NHW individuals. Specific histone methyltransferase NELFE was overexpressed and associated with poor survival exclusively in AA individuals. Conclusion: We employ a comprehensive and novel approach that integrates multiple machine learning methods, and statistical methods, coupled with human functional pathway analyses. This metabolic profile of serum samples might be used to assess risk progression in AA individuals with ER+ breast cancer. To our knowledge, this is a novel finding that describes metabolic alterations in AA breast cancer and emphasizes a potential biological basis for breast cancer health disparities.
Citation Format: Ashlie Santaliz Casiano, Zeynep Madak-Erdogan, Dhruv Meta, Jonna Frasor, Garth Rauscher, Kent Hoskins. Identification of metabolic and molecular mechanisms contributing to ER+ cancer disparities using a machine-learning pipeline [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C020.