bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of end‐stage renal disease metabolic signatures from human perspiration
Authors: Shankar Vishnu , Michael Basil , Celli Alessandra , Zhou Zhenpeng , Ashland Melanie D. , Tibshirani Robert , Snyder Michael , Zare Richard N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEnd‐stage renal disease (ESRD), characterized by cessation in kidney function, has been linked to severe metabolic disturbances, caused by the buildup of toxic solutes in blood. To remove these solutes, ESRD patients undergo dialysis. As a proof of concept, we tested whether ESRD‐related metabolic signatures can be detected in perspiration samples using a combined methodology. Our rapid methodology involves swabbing a glass slide across the patient's forehead, detecting the metabolites in the imprint using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and identifying the key differences using machine learning methods. Based on collecting 42 healthy and 27 ESRD samples, we find saturated fatty acids are consistently suppressed in ESRD patients, with little change after dialysis. Moreover, our method enables the detection of uremic solutes, where we find elevated levels of uric acid (6.7 fold higher on average) that sharply decrease after dialysis. Beyond the study of individual metabolites, we find that a lasso model, which selects for 8 m/z fragments from 24,602 detected analytes, achieves area under the curve performance of 0.85 and 0.87 on training (n = 52) and validation sets (n = 17), respectively. Together, these results suggest that this methodology is promising for detecting signatures relevant for precision health.Key points
Combines physical measurements with statistical analysis based on machine learning.
Uses results to make medical predictions.
Learns about biological pathways.
Thermoneutral housing and preexisting obesity do not abolish the sexually dimorphic effects of olanzapine on weight gain in mice
Authors: Seguin Ian , Medak Kyle D. , Shamshoum Hesham , Hahn Margaret K. , Wright David C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveIn contrast to what is seen clinically, male mice are resistant to antipsychotic‐induced obesity. This is problematic as preclinical studies examining mechanisms of antipsychotic‐induced metabolic dysfunction might be relevant to only half the population. This study sought to determine whether housing mice at thermoneutrality and under conditions of preexisting obesity, steps that have not been previously considered, would uncover a greater obesogenic effect of the antipsychotic olanzapine (OLZ).MethodsC57BL6/J mice were fed a low‐ or high‐fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks and then switched to a control HFD or an HFD supplemented with OLZ for 6 weeks.ResultsIrrespective of obesity, OLZ treatment attenuated weight gain and increased energy expenditure in male mice. In females, OLZ increased food intake and potentiated weight gain in mice with preexisting obesity.ConclusionsDespite taking steps to increase clinical translatability, this study did not unmask an obesogenic effect of OLZ in male mice. Interestingly, prior studies in female mice could have been underestimating the metabolic consequences of OLZ by not considering the importance of preexisting obesity. Uncovering the mechanisms conferring resistance to weight gain in males may provide clues for approaches to counter the metabolic side effects of antipsychotics clinically.
Vaccine wastage in the Philippines: An examination of the contributory factors
Authors: Bernardino Gilbert D. , Yogyog Karolyn Rae A. , Tayaben Jude L. , Garma Paul Froilan U. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe global introduction of COVID‐19 vaccines provided relief to the burden inflicted by the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. However, reports of vaccine wastage are still apparent in some countries, particularly in the Philippines. This paper examines the phenomenon of vaccine wastage with emphasis on factors related to improper storage and distribution and on vaccine hesitancy whose roots may be traced to a controversial vaccine rollout. The discussion elaborates on the following themes: (a) supply chain management, (b) limited health literacy, and (c) the unintended consequences of vaccine hesitancy. This paper asserts that addressing the problem of vaccine wastage may involve public‐private partnerships that are grounded in good governance and transparency. In addition, combatting disinformation may entail collaborative communication strategies that may tap into the valuable contributions of the health/natural sciences and the humanities.
Zinc removal from synthetic waters using magnetite/graphene oxide composites
Authors: Almeida‐Naranjo Cristina E. , Morillo Bryan , Aldás María B. , Garcés Nicole , Debut Alexis , Guerrero Victor H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe removal of heavy metals from wastewater has become a global challenge, which demands the continuous study of efficient and low‐cost treatment alternatives such as adsorption. In this research, the removal of zinc was evaluated using batch adsorption processes with nonconventional materials such as graphene oxide (GO), magnetite (MG), and their composites (GO:MG), formulated with three weight ratios (2:1, 1:1, and 1:2). Graphene was synthesized by the modified Marcano method, using pencil lead graphite as a precursor. MG and the composites were synthesized by chemical coprecipitation of ferrous sulfate and ferric chloride. The materials were characterized by Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method to determine the functional groups, microstructural and morphological characteristics, and specific surface area. Batch adsorption tests were carried out to optimize the adsorbent dose and contact time with zinc solutions of 10 ppm. Zinc adsorption reached equilibrium at 2 h, with an optimal dose between 0.25 and 1.0 g/L. The maximum zinc removal efficiencies/adsorption capacities were 98.6%/165.6, 83.4%/47.6, 83.5%/21.9, 72.8%/19.9, and 82.2%/9.25 mg/g using GO, 2GO:1MG, 1GO:1MG, 1GO:2MG, and MG, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of the isotherm and adsorption kinetics models determined that the adsorption processes using MG and the composites fit the Sips and pseudo‐second‐order models.
Whole-exome sequencing identifies FANC heterozygous germline mutation as an adverse factor for immunosuppressive therapy in Chinese aplastic anemia patients aged 40 or younger: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Shen Yingying , Liu Qi , Li Hangchao , Liu Wenbin , Hu Huijin , Zhao Yuechao , Li Yuzhu , Chen Ying , Liu Shan , Yu Qinghong , Zhuang Haifeng , Wu Liqiang , Hu Zhiping , Zheng Zhiyin , Shen Jianping , Lin Shenyun , Shen Yiping , Zhou Yuhong , Ye Baodong , Wu Dijiong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAcquired aplastic anemia (AA) is a bone marrow failure disorder characterized by pancytopenia, and immunosuppressive therapy (IST) is the optional first-line management. Several studies identified the influencing factors on IST response; however, there are still a considerable number of patients suffering from poor prognoses. In this study, we enrolled 61 AA patients aged ≤ 40 years old, and whole-exome sequencing (WES) found unexpected high FANC heterozygous germline mutations (28/61, 45.9%). Patients with FANC mutations have a significantly lower absolute reticulocyte count and CD34+ % in the bone marrow and also lower 3-, 6-, and 9-month IST response than that without mutation, which were 0% vs. 25% (P = 0.017), 26.3% vs. 42.1% (P = 0.495), and 29.4% vs. 72.2% (P = 0.011), especially in anti-thymocyte globulin combined with the cyclosporin A (ATG + CsA) group, which were 0% vs.33.4% (P = 0.143), 25% vs.83.3% (P = 0.103), and 25% vs. 100% (P = 0.003), respectively. The event-free survival in the FANCwt group was also better than that in the FANCmut group (P = 0.016) and also showed in patients who received ATG + CsA treatment (P = 0.045). In addition, all the adverse effects of FANC germline mutation were not significant in stem cell–transplanted group. Our result indicated that the WES-based detection of FANC heterozygous germline mutations may have a great meaning in predicting IST response of acquired AA. This study was registered at chictr.org.cn (# ChiCTR2100054992).
Speicheldrüsenkarzinome – ein aktueller Überblick
Authors: Rupp Niels J. , Freiberger Sandra N. 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungDer zweite Teil des Artikels widmet sich den molekularen Charakteristiken des epithelial-myoepithelialen Karzinoms, des polymorphen Adenokarzinoms, des myoepithelialen Karzinoms, des Basalzelladenokarzinoms sowie des Speichelgangkarzinoms. Zusätzlich werden die neu aufgekommenen Entitäten des muzinösen Adenokarzinoms, des sklerosierenden mikrozystischen Adenokarzinoms und des mikrosekretorischen Adenokarzinoms zusammengefasst. Auch bei den meisten dieser Entitäten kann der molekulare Genotyp diagnostisch sehr hilfreich sein. Eine Überexpression des Androgenrezeptors und/oder von „human epidermal growth factor receptor 2“ (HER2)/neu kann dabei im geeigneten histopathologischen Kontext nicht nur zur Diagnoseuntermauerung eines Speichelgangkarzinoms dienen, sondern potenziell auch gezielt therapeutisch angegangen werden.
A duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy for small main pancreatic duct and soft pancreas in minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Zhao Anbang , Zhu Qian , Qin Xian , Wang Kunlei , Tan Kai , Liu Zhicheng , Song Wenjing , Cheng Qian , Li Xinyin , Chen Zhinan , Liu Zhisu , Yuan Yufeng , Yang Zhiyong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is often associated with significant morbidity and mortality after the Whipple operation. Patient-related factors associated with POPF include soft pancreatic texture and a small main pancreatic duct (MPD). The traditional duct-to-mucosa anastomosis was modified to be easily performed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the simplified pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) method in the prevention of POPF after minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).MethodsNinety-eight patients who underwent laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) and robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD) with a simplified PJ procedure containing only two duct-to-mucosa sutures and four penetrating-sutures to anastomose the pancreatic parenchyma and jejunal seromuscular layer in our center were retrospectively studied. Demographics and clinical short-term safety were assessed.ResultsAll LPD and RPD procedures were successfully performed. The median time of PJ was 17 min, and the median blood loss was 60 mL, with only one patient requiring transfusion. Four patients (4.1%) suffered from clinically relevant POPF (CR-POPF), including four grade B cases and no grade C cases. For patients with an MPD diameter of 3 mm or less, POPF was noted in two (4%) of the fifty patients, with all cases being grade B. Of the patients with a soft pancreas, only two (4.5%) patients suffered from grade B POPF. One patient (1.0%) experienced a 90-day mortality. Neither the main pancreatic diameter nor pancreatic texture had an impact on postoperative outcomes.ConclusionsOur technique is a simple, safe and efficient alternative to prevent POPF after LPD and RPD. This method is suitable for almost all pancreatic conditions, including cases with a small main pancreatic duct and soft pancreas, and has the potential to become the preferred procedure in low-volume pancreatic surgery centers.Graphical abstractOur modified duct-to-mucosa PJ, which contains only two duct-to-mucosa sutures and four penetrating-sutures to anastomose the pancreatic parenchyma and jejunal seromuscular layer, is ideal for small MPD and soft pancreas when performing minimally invasive PD and has a low rate of POPF. PJ pancreaticojejunostomy, MPD main pancreatic diameter, PD pancreaticoduodenectomy, POPF postoperative pancreatic fistula
Tips and tricks for robotic pancreatoduodenectomy with superior mesenteric/portal vein resection and reconstruction
Authors: Kauffmann Emanuele F. , Napoli Niccolò , Ginesini Michael , Gianfaldoni Cesare , Asta Fabio , Salamone Alice , Ripolli Allegra , Di Dato Armando , Vistoli Fabio , Amorese Gabriella , Boggi Ugo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Open pancreatoduodenectomy with vein resection (OPD-VR) is now standard of care in patients who responded to neoadjuvant therapies. Feasibility of robotic pancreatoduodenectomy (RPD) with vein resection (RPD-VR) was shown, but no study provided a detailed description of the technical challenges associated with this formidable operation. Herein, we describe the trips and tricks for technically successful RPD-VR.

Methods
The vascular techniques used in RPD-VR were borrowed from OPD-VR, as well as from our experience with robotic transplantation of both kidney and pancreas. Vein resection was classified into 4 types according to the international study group of pancreatic surgery. Each type of vein resection was described in detail and shown in a video.

Results
Between October 2008 and November 2021, a total of 783 pancreatoduodenectomies were performed, including 233 OPDs-VR (29.7%). RPD was performed in 256 patients (32.6%), and RPDs-VR in 36 patients (4.5% of all pancreatoduodenectomies; 15.4% of all pancreatoduodenectomies with vein resection; 14.0% of all RPDs). In RPD-VR vein resections were: 4 type 1 (11.1%), 10 type 2 (27.8%), 12 type 3 (33.3%) and 10 type 4 (27.8%). Vascular patches used in type 2 resections were made of peritoneum (n = 8), greater saphenous vein (n = 1), and deceased donor aorta (n = 1). Interposition grafts used in type 4 resections were internal left jugular vein (n = 8), venous graft from deceased donor (n = 1) and spiral saphenous vein graft (n = 1).
There was one conversion to open surgery (2.8%). Ninety-day mortality was 8.3%. There was one (2.8%) partial vein thrombosis, treated with heparin infusion.

Conclusions
We have reported 36 technically successful RPDs-VR. We hope that the tips and tricks provided herein can contribute to safer implementation of RPD-VR. Based on our experience, and according to data from the literature, we strongly advise that RPD-VR is performed by expert surgeons at high volume centers.

Graphical abstract
Dialyseeinleitung
Authors: Aregger Fabienne , Kuhlmann Martin K. 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungDie optimale Dialyseeinleitung erfolgt durch einen davor angelegten permanenten Zugang in einem geplanten Ablauf. Morbidität und Mortalität sind geringer bei geplantem Dialysestart. Dazu ist eine optimale Vorbereitung elementar. Der Zeitpunkt der Zugangsplanung richtet sich nach der gewählten Modalität. Bei Hämodialysezugängen sollte die Anlage eines arteriovenösen (AV) Zugangs bei dynamischem Abfall der glomerulären Filtrationsrate (GFR) ab GFR-Werten von 15–20 ml/min erwogen werden; bei langsamer Dynamik sollte die AV-Fistel 1 bis 3 Monate vor erwarteter Dialysepflichtigkeit angelegt werden. Bei AV-Grafts kann dieser Zeitpunkt später erfolgen. Ein Peritonealdialyse(PD)-Katheter sollte mindestens 14 Tage vor Dialysestart implantiert werden. Der Zeitpunkt der Dialyseeinleitung ist eine Individualentscheidung. Die Verschreibung der initialen Dialysebehandlungen ist individuell und richtet sich nach der Indikation und der Klinik. Gerade die ersten Behandlungen sollten umsichtig verschrieben werden, um ein Dysäquilibriumsyndrom (Hämodialyse) oder das Gefühl der Überfüllung (PD) zu verhindern. Die Progression zur Dialysepflichtigkeit ist psychisch sehr belastend. Ängste, Hilflosigkeit, Hoffnungslosigkeit und Depression können dabei führende Empfindungen sein. Die Erkennung psychischer Nöte und der soziale Support sind in dieser Phase äußerst wichtig.
Characterization Studies on 7075 Aluminium Alloy Under As-Cast and in Multiple Step T6 Conditions
Authors: Sowrabh B. S. , Gurumurthy B. M. , Shivaprakash Y. M. , Sharma Sathya Shankara 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the present investigation AA7075 (Al–5.4Zn–2.6 Mg) alloy is subjected to peak aging treatment at 100, 120 and 150 °C to obtain the maximum induced hardness due to solid solution strengthening. In succession, by the results of peak aging treatment the alloy is heat treated by two step and three step aging under non-pre aged and pre-aged conditions. The results of this modified aging treatment indicated that pre-aged three step aging has resulted in enhanced alloy hardness of 185.6 VHN as compared to peak hardness of 142.9 at 100 °C resulting in 29.88% improvement. Also the alloy in this condition showed an improvement of 21.38% in UTS and displayed excellent wear characteristics as compared to as cast alloy. An important observation in this work is that in two or three step aging the last step having higher temperature and duration of aging has resulted always a better hardness and hence has improved mechanical properties. This may be due to increased aging kinetics during heat treatment. The method developed in this study is advantageous in reducing the long duration of conventional aging heat treatment and the energy consumption.
Arbeitsbezogenes sedentäres Verhalten
Authors: Nöscher Paulus , Weber Andrea , Leitzmann Michael , Grifka Joachim , Jochem Carmen 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Sedentäres Verhalten ist mit einem erhöhten Risiko für chronische Krankheiten und einer höheren Gesamtmortalität assoziiert. Arbeitsbezogenes Sitzen hat einen großen Anteil am täglichen sedentären Verhalten, insbesondere bei Büroangestellten.

Ziel der Arbeit
In dieser Studie sollte untersucht werden, wie viel Zeit bei verschiedenen Aufgaben am Arbeitsplatz und beim Pendeln von Verwaltungsangestellten einer Universitätsklinik in Deutschland im Sitzen verbracht wird.

Material und Methoden
Eine fragebogengestützte Querschnittsstudie mit Verwaltungsangestellten des Universitätsklinikums Regensburg wurde durchgeführt, um arbeitsbezogenes sedentäres Verhalten zu untersuchen.

Ergebnisse
Die Studienpopulation bestand aus 159 Teilnehmenden (54,1 % Frauen, 51,6 % älter als 40 Jahre), was einer Antwortquote von 26 % entspricht. Die durchschnittliche tägliche Sitzzeit am Arbeitsplatz betrug im Median 7,0 h (Interquartilsbereich [IQR] 6,0–7,5 h) und fand hauptsächlich bei der Computerarbeit statt (57,3 %). Die mittlere Stehzeit bei der Arbeit betrug im Median 0,8 h (IQR 0,3–1,4 h). Verwaltungsangestellte verbrachten während des Pendelns im Median 0,7 h (IQR 0,3–1,0 h) pro Tag im Sitzen. Die Teilnehmenden waren der Ansicht, dass langes und ununterbrochenes Sitzen negative (69,6 %) oder eher negative (29,7 %) Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit hat.

Diskussion
Verwaltungspersonal in Krankenhäusern verbringt einen großen Teil der täglichen Arbeitszeit mit sedentärem Verhalten. Maßnahmen, die es ermöglichen, sowohl im Sitzen als auch im Stehen zu arbeiten, können zu einer Verringerung der arbeitsbedingten Sitzzeit führen und damit die Gesundheit am Arbeitsplatz und im weiteren Sinne die öffentliche Gesundheit verbessern.
Multi-order hypergraph convolutional networks integrated with self-supervised learning
Authors: Huang Jiahao , Lei Fangyuan , Jiang Jianjian , Zeng Xi , Ma Ruijun , Dai Qingyun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHypergraphs, as a powerful representation of information, effectively and naturally depict complex and non-pair-wise relationships in the real world. Hypergraph representation learning is useful for exploring complex relationships implicit in hypergraphs. However, most methods focus on the 1-order neighborhoods and ignore the higher order neighborhood relationships among data on the hypergraph structure. These often result in underutilization of hypergraph structure. In this paper, we exploit the potential of higher order neighborhoods in hypergraphs for representation and propose a Multi-Order Hypergraph Convolutional Network Integrated with Self-supervised Learning. We first encode the multi-channel network of the hypergraph by a high-order spectral convolution operator that captures the multi-order representation of nodes. Then, we introduce an inter-order attention mechanism to preserve the low-order neighborhood information. Finally, to extract valid embedding in the higher order neighborhoods, we incorporate a self-supervised learning strategy based on maximizing mutual information in the multi-order hypergraph convolutional network. Experiments on several hypergraph datasets show that the proposed model is competitive with state-of-the-art baselines, and ablation studies show the effectiveness of higher order neighborhood development, the inter-order attention mechanism, and the self-supervised learning strategy.
Structure and Content of BEng Chemical Engineering Programmes in the UK, Relative to the Frontiers in Chemical Engineering Education Model
Authors: Bilques Zakia , Belton Daniel J. , Campbell Grant M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTheFrontiers in Chemical Engineering Educationinitiative in the USA in the early 2000s proposed a reformed chemical engineering curriculum organised around the three themes ofMolecular transformations,Multiscale analysisand aSystemsview. It was subsequently observed that few departments in the USA had adopted this structure for their programmes, although several UK programmes appeared already to feature this structure. Therefore, the objective of the current work was to analyse BEng chemical engineering programmes in the UK relative to this tripartite structure, in order to evaluate to what extent theFrontiersmodel was already represented within UK chemical engineering education. From the 28 UK universities offering IChemE-accredited programmes, the structure and content of 24 BEng programmes were analysed against the tripartiteFrontiersstructure. All 24 programmes broadly followed theFrontiersstructure. The greatest variation between programmes was in the amount of content contributing to theMolecular transformationstheme, which varied from 1.4 to 26%. This was also the smallest of the three themes, contributing on average around 10%, compared with 37% forMultiscale analysisand 38% forSystems, with 10% coming fromSupporting Competences(such as laboratory and professional skills) and 5% fromOthersubjects (such as mechanical or electrical engineering or electives).Molecular transformationswas generally most prominent in the first year, the second year tended to contribute the mostMultiscale analysiscontent and the final year was dominated bySystems. The Institution of Chemical Engineers’ Accreditation guidance tends to encourage the highSystemsemphasis and lowMolecular transformationscomponent, in contradiction to the recommendations of theFrontiersinitiative. Optional electives and MEng specialisms featureMolecular transformationsemphases, the latter less so than in the 2000s, since when the drivers for curriculum development have moved from biosciences and nanotechnology towards energy and sustainability.
Artificial moral experts: asking for ethical advice to artificial intelligent assistants
Authors: Rodríguez-López Blanca , Rueda Jon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn most domains of human life, we are willing to accept that there are experts with greater knowledge and competencies that distinguish them from non-experts or laypeople. Despite this fact, the very recognition of expertise curiously becomes more controversial in the case of “moral experts”. Do moral experts exist? And, if they indeed do, are there ethical reasons for us to follow their advice? Likewise, can emerging technological developments broaden our very concept of moral expertise? In this article, we begin by arguing that the objections that have tried to deny the existence (and convenience) of moral expertise are unsatisfactory. After that, we show that people have ethical reasons to ask for a piece of moral advice in daily life situations. Then, we argue that some Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems can play an increasing role in human morality by becoming moral experts. Some AI-based moral assistants can qualify as artificial moral experts and we would have good ethical reasons to use them.