bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of personality traits, gender, and socio‐economic factors in obesity in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Diop Modou , Ruiz‐Adame Manuel , Gaggero Alessio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObesity is a chronic disorder associated with high mortality rates and high morbidity. The risk of obesity is associated with certain personality traits (PTs). Some studies have found correlations among some PTs and gender. Additionally, obesity implies higher costs in daily living. The aim of this paper is to overcome this problem in the literature and estimate the association between PTs and obesity by taking into account the economic situation of the individual. This study employs data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). We focus on waves 5 and 6 of the ELSA with a sample of 6562 individuals. The results suggests that the traits of agreeableness (
) and openness (
) are positively and significantly associated with obesity. On the other hand, consciousness has a negative and statistically significant effect on obesity
. Results are robust to the inclusion/exclusion of different regressors.
Actigraphic and nursing sleep log measures in moderate‐to‐severe traumatic brain injury: Identifying discrepancies in total sleep time
Authors: Weppner Justin L. , Hillaker Emily , Boomgaardt Jacob , Tan Stephen , Holum Parker , Li Felix , Tu Justin , Sheppard Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSleep disturbances are common in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). In an inpatient rehabilitation setting, clinicians often use information from sleep logs filled out by trained nurses to identify and treat sleep disturbances. However, there are limited data related to accuracy of sleep logs, and patient‐reported sleep diaries are poor predictors of total sleep time, which raises concern about the accuracy of sleep logs filled out by a third party.ObjectiveTo examine the reliability of sleep logs for participants with TBI by comparing total sleep time determined by sleep logs versus actigraphy.DesignProspective, cross‐sectional study.SettingFree‐standing, academic inpatient rehabilitation facility.ParticipantsThirty individuals (n = 30) participated in the study. Inclusion criteria were (1) diagnosis of moderate‐to‐severe TBI; (2) age ≥ 18 years at the time of TBI; and (3) participating in inpatient rehabilitation with no prior inpatient rehabilitation admissions.InterventionsActigraph monitoring using ActiGraph GT9X Link devices was initiated within 72 hours of admission and continued for 7 consecutive days. Sleep logs were concurrently filled out by trained nurses.Main Outcome MeasuresSleep parameter correspondence between actigraphy and sleep logs in moderate‐to‐severe TBI.ResultsOnly 51.4% of participants' sleep logs and actigraph total sleep time measurements were within 1 hour of each other, and only 23.8% were within 30 minutes. On average, sleep logs overestimated actigraphy‐determined total sleep time by 60 minutes compared to actigraphic measurement.ConclusionsFor those with moderate‐to‐severe TBI undergoing inpatient rehabilitation, sleep logs are poor predictors of sleep time because they overestimate total sleep time compared to actigraphy. Therefore, clinicians should use caution when using sleep log data to make decisions regarding treatment for sleep disturbances in TBI.
Heart transplantation and the role of inpatient rehabilitation: A narrative review
Authors: Rydberg Leslie , Barker Kim , Lanphere Julie , Malmut Laura , Neal Jacqueline , Eickmeyer Sarah 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHeart transplantation is a definitive treatment option for patients with end‐stage heart failure. Medical and functional complications are common after this procedure, and rehabilitation is often needed postoperatively. Physiatrists caring for persons who have received a donor heart must appreciate the surgical background, the physiologic changes expected, as well as the potential medical complications for which they are at risk after heart transplantation. This review summarizes various topics in heart transplantation including the history of the procedure, exercise physiology and functional outcomes, postoperative medical therapy, medical complications, and special considerations for inpatient rehabilitation in this patient population.
High flow nasal cannula therapy in the pediatric home setting
Authors: Ehrlich Shay , Golan Tripto Inbal , Lavie Moran , Cahal Michal , Shonfeld Tommy , Prais Dario , Levine Hagit , Mei‐Zahav Meir , Bar‐On Ophir , Gendler Yulia , Zalcman Jonatan , Sarsur Eahab , Aviram Micha , Goldbart Aviv , Stafler Patrick 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy may be better tolerated than traditional noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and is rapidly gaining acceptance in pediatric acute care. In Israel, HFNC is approved for domestic use. We aim to describe its indications, efficacy, parental satisfaction, and safety.MethodsRetrospective study of children treated with home HFNC therapy in three pediatric centers. Data included demographic parameters, indication of use, weight and days of hospitalization before and after initiation. Safety, tolerability, and parental satisfaction were assessed via standardized telephone questionnaire.ResultsMedian (interquartile range [IQR]) age of initiating home HFNC in 75 children was 8.3 (2.2, 29.6) months. Indications were obstructive sleep apnea (33; 44%), airway malacia (19; 25%), chronic lung disease (15; 20%), neuromuscular disease (4; 5%), and postextubation support (4; 5%). Weight standard deviation score rose from −2.3 pre‐HFNC to −1.7 at 6.7 months post‐HFNC initiation,p < 0.001. Hospital admission days during the 2 months pre‐ versus post‐HFNC initiation were 22 (5.5, 60) and 5 (0, 14.7) respectively,p < 0.008. Median (IQR) parental satisfaction score was 5/5 (4, 5). Fifty of 60 (83%) respondents would recommend home HFNC to other families in a similar situation. There were no serious adverse events.ConclusionIn our population, domestic HFNC appeared safe and well tolerated for a variety of indications. Its introduction was associated with improved weight gain, fewer hospitalization days and high parental satisfaction. Further work is required to characterize groups of children most likely to benefit from HFNC, as opposed to traditional modes of NIV.
Importance of magnetic resonance imaging and prostate‐specific membrane antigen PET‐CT in patients treated with salvage radical prostatectomy for radiorecurrent prostate cancer
Authors: Rajwa Pawel , Pfister David , Rieger Constantin , Heidenreich Julian , Drzezga Alexander , Persigehl Thorsten , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Heidenreich Axel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccurate staging and identification of optimal candidates for local salvage therapy, such as salvage radical prostatectomy (SRP), is necessary to ensure optimal care in patients with radiorecurrent prostate cancer (PCa). We aimed to analyze performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA)‐positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) for predicting pathologic nonorgan confined disease (pT3) and lymph node involvement (pN+) in patients treated with SRP for radiorecurrent PCa.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the institutional database to identify patients who underwent MRI or 68Ga‐PSMA‐PET/CT before SRP for radiorecurrent PCa. The diagnostic estimates of MRI and PSMA‐PET/CT for pT3 and pN+, were calculated.ResultsWe identified 113 patients with radiorecurrent PCa who underwent preoperative MRI followed by SRP; 53 had preoperative 68Ga‐PSMA‐PET/CT. For the detection of pT3 disease, the overall accuracy of MRI was 70% (95% confidence interval [CI] 61−78), sensitivity 40% (95% CI 26−55) and specificity 94% (95% CI 85−98); PSMA‐PET/CT had slightly higher accuracy of 77% (95% CI 64−88), and higher sensitivity of 90% (95% CI 68−99), but lower specificity of 70% (95% CI 51−84). For pN+ disease, MRI had poor sensitivity of 14% (95% CI 3−36), specificity of 50 (95% CI 39−61) and total accuracy of 43% (95% CI 34−53); PSMA‐PET/CT had an accuracy of 85% (95% CI 72−93), sensitivity of 27% (95% CI 6−61), and specificity of 100% (95% CI 92−100).ConclusionIn patients with radiorecurrent PCa, both, MRI, and 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT are valuable tools for the pre‐SRP staging and should be integrated into the standard workup. For lymph node metastases, 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT is a strong rule‐in test with nearly perfect specificity; in contrast MRI had a low accuracy for lymph node metastases.
Oncolytic viral kinetics mechanistic modeling of Talimogene Laherparepvec (T‐VEC) a first‐in‐class oncolytic viral therapy in patients with advanced melanoma
Authors: Ahamadi Malidi , Kast Johannes , Chen Po‐Wei , Huang Xiaojun , Dutta Sandeep , Upreti Vijay V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTalimogene Laherparepvec (T‐VEC) is a first‐in‐class oncolytic virotherapy approved for the treatment of unresectable melanoma recurrent after initial surgery. Biodistribution data from a phase II study was used to develop a viral kinetic mechanistic model describing the interaction between cytokines such as granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), the immune system, and T‐VEC treatment. Our analysis found that (1) the viral infection rate has a great influence on T‐VEC treatment efficacy; (2) an increase in T‐VEC dose of 102 plaque‐forming units/ml 21 days and beyond after the initial dose of T‐VEC resulted in an ~12% increase in response; and (3) at the systemic level, the ratio of resting innate immune cells to the death rate of innate immune impact T‐VEC treatment efficacy. This analysis clarifies under which condition the immune system either assists in eliminating tumor cells or inhibits T‐VEC treatment efficacy, which is critical to both efficiently design future oncolytic agents and understand cancer development.
Coupled atmosphere–ocean observations of a cold‐air outbreak and its impact on the Iceland Sea
Authors: Renfrew Ian A. , Huang Jie , Semper Stefanie , Barrell Christopher , Terpstra Annick , Pickart Robert S. , Våge Kjetil , Elvidge Andrew D. , Spengler Thomas , Strehl Anna‐Marie , Weiss Alexandra 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMarine cold‐air outbreaks (CAOs) are vigorous equatorward excursions of cold air over the ocean, responsible for the majority of wintertime oceanic heat loss from the subpolar seas of the North Atlantic. However, the impact of individual CAO events on the ocean is poorly understood. Here we present the first coupled observations of the atmosphere and ocean during a wintertime CAO event, between 28 February and 13 March 2018, in the subpolar North Atlantic region. Comprehensive observations are presented from five aircraft flights, a research vessel, a meteorological buoy, a subsurface mooring, an ocean glider, and an Argo float. The CAO event starts abruptly with substantial changes in temperature, humidity and wind throughout the atmospheric boundary layer. The CAO is well mixed vertically and, away from the sea‐ice edge, relatively homogeneous spatially. During the CAO peak, higher sensible heat fluxes occupy at least the lowest 200 m of the atmospheric boundary layer, while higher latent heat fluxes are confined to the surface layer. The response of the ocean to the CAO is spatially dependent. In the interior of the Iceland Sea the mixed layer cools, while in the boundary current region it warms. In both locations, the mixed layer deepens and becomes more saline. Combining our observations with one‐dimensional mixed‐layer modelling, we show that in the interior of the Iceland Sea, atmospheric forcing dominates the ocean response. In contrast, in the boundary current region lateral advection and mixing counteract the short‐term impact of the atmospheric forcing. Time series observations of the late‐winter period illustrate a highly variable ocean mixed layer, with lateral advection and mixing often masking the ocean's general cooling and deepening response to individual CAO events.
Gas chromatography coupled to time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry using parallel electron and chemical ionization with permeation tube facilitated reagent ion control for material emission analysis
Authors: Bräkling Steffen , Hinterleitner Christina , Cappellin Luca , Vetter Marleen , Mayer Ingo , Benter Thorsten , Klee Sonja , Kersten Hendrik 
Published: December 2022

RationaleVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by an artificial leather part for car interiors are determined using GC–MS (gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer) using simultaneous electron and chemical ionization (EI&CI). A device for swift reagent ion switching in CI mode between consecutive runs is presented.MethodsVOCs emitted from the investigated material were sampled onto Tenax® absorption tubes using micro emission chambers and subsequently injected into the GC through thermal desorption. The detector was a time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) simultaneously operating in EI and CI modes during a single chromatographic run. A custom permeation tube setup allowed for swift selection between various reagent ions in CI mode, e.g., [N2H]+, [H3O]+, [(H2O)2H]+, and [NH4]+.ResultsDifferent reagent ions are swiftly selectable between single GC runs without hardware changes. Differences in precursor ion survival yields and the selectivity of the various reactants were carefully assessed. Several examples for the improved identification of unknown compounds with the available complementary and comprehensive EI&CI data set are demonstrated for a relevant material emission application.ConclusionThe presented technique provides additional value to the standard GC‐EI/MS procedure commonly used for material emission characterization. It allows for a non‐targeted analysis approach with moderate analysis time.
Covalent organic framework film–based laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for rapid and sensitive quantification of homocysteine in human serum
Authors: Chen Zihan , Wu Yijing , Ouyang Dan , Lin Zian 
Published: December 2022

RationaleHomocysteine (hcy) is a metabolite in the human body and an important determinant of cardiovascular health. To assist in the assessment of human cardiovascular safety, a rapid and accurate quantitative analysis method must be developed. Laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI‐MS) has been widely used in biological, chemical, and medical analyses due to its excellent characteristics of high throughput, low sample consumption, and high speed. Here, an LDI‐MS method based on covalent organic framework (COF) film was developed for the rapid and sensitive determination of hcy in human serum using an isotope‐labeled internal standard.MethodsWe tried to cultivate COFs on indium−tin oxide substrate at room temperature to form a thin film, which was used in LDI‐MS. Compared with the traditional organic matrices, the COF film had a clean background and a high signal response for the detection of hcy. In addition, using COF film as the substrate, with a high signal intensity and a clean background, can be helpful to analyze a series of small molecules such as amino acids, bisphenols (Bps), estrogens, and drugs. We evaluated the limit of detection (LOD) and the reproducibility of this method. Finally, the calibration curve was constructed for the quantification of serum hcy using an isotope‐labeled internal standard and was applied for the rapid determination of hcy in clinical human serum.ResultsCOF film–assisted LDI‐MS had a higher response signal and a cleaner background compared to four conventional organic matrices. The LOD of the method for hcy was 0.5 μmol/L, equivalent to 500 fmol. This method exhibited excellent performance for small‐molecule compounds, including amino acids, Bps, drugs, and estrogens. The reproducibilities of this method for shot‐to‐shot and dot‐to‐dot were determined to be good. This method was applied for the rapid analysis of hcy in clinical human serum, showing good correlation with those obtained by hospital testing.ConclusionThe COF film–based LDI‐MS method had simple sample preparation, short analysis time, clean background, and good reproducibility for hcy analysis. As an important indicator of human health, the detection of serum hcy is of great significance to human health.
Asymptotic stability for a class of switched stochastic delayed differential systems
Authors: Hu Wei , Zhu Quanxin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSeveral novel th moment asymptotic stability criteria are established for switched stochastic delayed differential systems (SSDDSs) under the framework that the time‐delay is unbounded. These criteria are obtained by constructing some special sets and using the Lyapunov function approach. The features of the criteria show that the form of the unbounded delay plays an important role in keeping the stability of the related systems. As a corollary, if the number of subsystems is only one, the system is reduced to stochastic delayed differential systems (SDDSs), and the criterion of the th moment asymptotic stability for this system is also obtained, which can improve the existing results for SDDSs with unbounded delays. Finally, two numerical examples are given to show the significance of our results.
Learning‐based adaptive‐scenario‐tree model predictive control with improved probabilistic safety using robust Bayesian neural networks
Authors: Bao Yajie , Chan Kimberly J. , Mesbah Ali , Velni Javad Mohammadpour 
Published: December 2022

SummaryScenario‐based model predictive control (MPC) methods can mitigate the conservativeness inherent to open‐loop robust MPC. Yet, the scenarios are often generated offline based on worst‐case uncertainty descriptions obtained a priori, which can in turn limit the improvements in the robust control performance. To this end, this paper presents a learning‐based, adaptive‐scenario‐tree model predictive control approach for uncertain nonlinear systems with time‐varying and/or hard‐to‐model dynamics. Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) are used to learn a state‐ and input‐dependent description of model uncertainty, namely the mismatch between a nominal (physics‐based or data‐driven) model of a system and its actual dynamics. We first present a new approach for training robust BNNs (RBNNs) using probabilistic Lipschitz bounds to provide a less conservative uncertainty quantification. Then, we present an approach to evaluate the credible intervals of RBNN predictions and determine the number of samples required for estimating the credible intervals given a credible level. The performance of RBNNs is evaluated with respect to that of standard BNNs and Gaussian process (GP) as a basis of comparison. The RBNN description of plant‐model mismatch with verified accurate credible intervals is employed to generate adaptive scenarios online for scenario‐based MPC (sMPC). The proposed sMPC approach with adaptive scenario tree can improve the robust control performance with respect to sMPC with a fixed, worst‐case scenario tree and with respect to an adaptive‐scenario‐based MPC (asMPC) using GP regression on a cold atmospheric plasma system. Furthermore, closed‐loop simulation results illustrate that robust model uncertainty learning via RBNNs can enhance the probability of constraint satisfaction of asMPC.
Efficient sampling and counting algorithms for the Potts model on ℤd at all temperatures
Authors: Borgs Christian , Chayes Jennifer , Helmuth Tyler , Perkins Will , Tetali Prasad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFor and all we give an efficient algorithm to approximately sample from the ‐state ferromagnetic Potts and random cluster models on finite tori for any inverse temperature . This shows that the physical phase transition of the Potts model presents no algorithmic barrier to efficient sampling, and stands in contrast to Markov chain mixing time results: the Glauber dynamics mix slowly at and below the critical temperature, and the Swendsen–Wang dynamics mix slowly at the critical temperature. We also provide an efficient algorithm (an FPRAS) for approximating the partition functions of these models at all temperatures. Our algorithms are based on representing the random cluster model as a contour model using Pirogov–Sinai theory. The main innovation of our approach is an algorithmic treatment of unstable ground states, which is essential for our algorithms to apply to all inverse temperatures .
Exploring the Electronic Influence of β‐Br Substitutions in CuTPP on Electrochemical Overall Water Splitting in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Ahmad Lone Ishfaq , Kumar Ravi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBeta substitution has a marked influence on the electronic environment of porphyrin ring atoms and the structure of the substituted porphyrin. In this work, we explore the influence of the bromo (Br) substitution at the β‐positions of copper tetraphenylporphyrin (CuTPP) and its consequent influence on the electrocatalytic alkaline overall water splitting. The β‐Br substitution is expected to exercise a strong influence on the electronic environment of central Cu through the electronic effects of Br. The overall influence of electronic effects is seen to lead to the net increase in the electron density of the central Cu (observed from XPS shifts) which is ultimately reflected in their different HER and OER performance in the alkaline medium. We observe the HER overpotentials (for 10 mA cm−2) of 697 mV, 760 mV, 838 mV, and 883 mV for the unsubstituted, bisubstituted, tetrasubstituted, and octasubstituted [Cu(TPP)]. The OER performance on the contrary depicts the reverse order with the overpotentials of 1118 mV, 827 mV, 637 mV, and 420 mV respectively for unsubstituted, bisubstituted, tetrasubstituted, and octasubstituted [Cu(TPP)]. The observed shifts in the catalytic performance can directly be attributed to increasing charge density on the central metal Cu2+ with the increase in the number of Br groups which in turn has opposite consequences for HER and OER performance.
Two‐Dimensional FePS3 Nanosheets as an Integrative Sonosensitizer/Nanocatalyst for Efficient Nanodynamic Tumor Therapy
Authors: Lin Shiyang , Yang Mai , Chen Jiajie , Feng Wei , Chen Yu , Zhu Yufang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs the emerging modalities for tumor therapy, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), typically inducing tumor cell apoptosis. However, the construction of more efficient sonosensitizers integrated with excellent Fenton/Fenton‐like catalytic activity to improve the synergistic therapeutic effect of SDT and CDT is still highly challenging. In this study, 2D semiconductor FePS3 nanosheets (NSs), as one of the metal phosphorus trichalcogenides for both sonosensitizer and Fenton catalyst, are successfully synthesized via an ultrasonic‐assisted liquid phase exfoliation method from bulk FePS3 and further modified with lipoic acid‐polyethylene glycol (LA‐PEG) to obtain FePS3‐PEG NSs with desirable biocompatibility. The in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that the engineered FePS3‐PEG NSs induce the combinatorial SDT/CDT effect attributing to the enhanced ROS generation and significant glutathione depletion, which can conduct highly efficient and safe tumor inhibition and prolong the life span of tumor‐bearing mice. This work provides the paradigm of semiconductor FePS3 NSs as the integrative sonosensitizer/Fenton nanocatalyst for dual nanodynamic tumor therapy, paving the new way for exploring other 2D metal phosphorus trichalcogenides in biomedicine.