bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association of ultra-processed food consumption with adult inflammatory bowel disease risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 4 035 694 participants
Authors: Babaei Atefeh , Pourmotabbed Ali , Talebi Sepide , Mehrabani Sanaz , Bagheri Reza , Ghoreishy Seyed Mojtaba , Amirian Parsa , Zarpoosh Mahsa , Mohammadi Hamed , Kermani Mohammad Ali Hojjati , Fakhari Hadi , Moradi Sajjad 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Context
There is an inconsistency between the results obtained from observational studies regarding intake of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Objectives
A dose-response meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between UPF intake and the risk of IBD.

Data Sources
Searches were performed in the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus databases up to November 2, 2022.

Data Extraction
Data were available from 24 studies including a total of 4 035 694 participants from 20 countries.

Data Analysis
Risk ratios for IBD were analyzed by a random-effects model. Outcomes indicated that UPF intake was linked to an increased risk of IBD (relative risk [RR], 1.13; 95%CI, 1.06–1.21; P = 0.001; I2 = 73.2%; n = 59; N = 4 035 694). This association was significant, especially for the risk of Crohn’s disease (CD) (RR, 1.19; 95%CI, 1.00–1.41; I2 = 78.2%; P = 0.046; n = 23; N = 2 167 160), unlike the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC) (RR = 1.11; 95%CI, 0.99–1.26; P = 0.085; I2 = 60.3%; n = 27; N = 2 167 918). Also, results revealed that each 10% enhancement in daily UPF intake was not related to the risk of IBD (RR, 1.05; 95%CI, 0.98–1.14; P = 0.168; I2 = 31.9%; n = 4) or the risk of UC (RR, 1.01; 95%CI, 0.92–1.11; P = 0.876; I2 = 34.7%; n = 2) in adults. However, results suggested that for every 10% increase in daily UPF intake, there was a 19% increase in the risk of CD (RR, 1.19; 95%CI, 1.01–1.32; P = 0.021; I2 = 0.0%; n = 2) among adults. In addition, the results showed a positive linear relation between UPF intake with CD risk (Pnonlinearity = 0.431; Pdose response = 0.049) but not risk of IBD or UC.

Conclusion
High intake of UPFs was linked with an enhanced IBD risk, a specific risk of CD. However, conducting more observational studies among several ethnicities and using specific tools that accurately assess the amount of UPF consumption, components of UPFs, and food additives may be necessary.
Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023390258.
50 shades of lockdown: sex workers’ hidden world during COVID pandemic
Authors: Modena Maria Grazia , Lodi Elisa , Rodighiero Eleonora , Gasparini Paolo Alberto 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic had a huge impact on psychological health and socioeconomic structures. The consequences of COVID-19 on the physical, psychological, and social spheres have been extensively studied, except for aspects concerning sexuality and sex workers, in terms of physical, social and economic impact, but also as a possible cause for viral transmission.

Methods
With the intention of counteracting the lack of research, from September 2020 to August 2022, we distributed an anonymous questionnaire to Sex Workers' associations aimed at investigating the impact of the pandemics on sex workers. In the period examined we received and reviewed 147 questionnaires from women, men, and transsexuals.

Conclusions
The prevention of the viral transmission during a pandemic is of utmost importance but should not be exclusively promoted at the expense of other important prevention initiatives. Safeguarding psycho-physical health of the general population, including effective health educational communications emphasizing the importance of sexual activity in mental and physical health should be part of ongoing health objectives. These approaches need to include sex workers of all genders-particularly racialized and marginalized sex workers-in public health planning and messaging alongside structural interventions. Full decriminalization of sex work and access to workplace protections are key to protecting both sex workers' and clients' health. Sex workers of all genders have often been among the first hit by epidemics and the last to be protected-it is long past time to change that.
Newcomb–Benford Law as a generic flag for changes in the derivation of long-term solar terrestrial physics timeseries
Authors: Benedito Nunes A M , Gamper J , Chapman S C , Friel M , Gjerloev J 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Newcomb–Benford Law (NBL) prescribes the probability distribution of the first digit of variables which explore a broad range under conditions including aggregation. Long-term space weather relevant observations and indices necessarily incorporate changes in the contributing number and types of observing instrumentation over time and we find that this can be detected solely by comparison with the NBL. It detects when upstream solar wind magnetic field high resolution OMNI interplanetary magnetic field incorporated new data from the WIND and Advanced Composition Explorer spacecraft after 1995. NBL comparison can detect underlying changes in the geomagnetic auroral electrojet index (activity-dependent background subtraction) and the SuperMAG electrojet index (different station types) that select individual stations showing the largest deflection, but not where station data are averaged, as in the SuperMAG ring-current index. As composite indices become more widespread across the geosciences, the NBL may provide a generic, data processing-independent flag indicating changes in the constituent raw data, calibration, or sampling method.
Mortality and causes of death in systemic lupus erythematosus in New Zealand: a population-based study
Authors: Lao Chunhuan , White Douglas , Rabindranath Kannaiyan , Van Dantzig Philippa , Foxall Donna , Lawrenson Ross 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to assess the mortality of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and examine whether there are variations by subgroup.

Methods
SLE patients from 2005 to 2021 were identified from the national administrative datasets. The underlying causes of death were examined. Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was estimated to compare the relative rate of observed deaths in SLE patients with expected deaths in the general population. The hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of all-cause mortality and SLE specific mortality by ethnicity were estimated after adjustment for age using a Cox proportional hazards model.

Results
Of the 2802 patients included for analysis, 699 (24.9%) died with 209 (29.9%) SLE deaths. The age-standardized mortality rate of SLE was 0.29 per 100 000 for women and 0.05 for men. The mean age at death was 65.3 (17.1) years. Younger patients were more likely to have SLE as the underlying cause of death, from 78.9% for those under 20 years old to 18.7% for those aged 70–79 years. Compared with the general population, SLE patients were four times more likely to die (SMR: 4.0; 95% CI: 3.7, 4.3). Young patients had higher SMRs than older patients. Māori had worse all-cause mortality (HR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.67) and SLE specific mortality (HR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.29, 5.24) than others.

Conclusions
The outcomes of SLE in New Zealand were still very poor compared with the general population. Māori with SLE had worse survival than others. Further research is needed to identify the reasons for this disparity.
Prediction model for respiratory-related mortality in microscopic polyangiitis with interstitial lung disease: multicentre REVEAL cohort study
Authors: Matsuda Shogo , Kotani Takuya , Okazaki Ayana , Nishioka Daisuke , Watanabe Ryu , Gon Takaho , Manabe Atsushi , Shoji Mikihito , Kadoba Keiichiro , Hiwa Ryosuke , Yamamoto Wataru , Hashimoto Motomu , Takeuchi Tohru 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to establish prediction models for respiratory-related mortality in microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) complicated by interstitial lung disease (ILD) using clinical characteristics.

Methods
We enrolled patients with MPA with ILD between May 2005 and June 2021 in a multicentre cohort of Japanese patients with MPA (REVEAL cohort). We evaluated the demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological findings, treatments and the presence of honeycombing 1 cm above the diaphragm using chest high-resolution CT (HRCT) on admission. We explored the risk factors predictive of respiratory-related mortality.

Results
Of 115 patients, 26 cases died of respiratory-related diseases during a median follow-up of 3.8 years. Eighteen patients (69%) died due to respiratory infection, three (12%) had diffuse alveolar haemorrhage, and five (19%) had exacerbation of ILD. In univariate analysis, older age, lower percent forced vital capacity (%FVC), lower percent diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (%DLCO), and the presence of honeycombing in the right lower lobe were identified as risk factors. Additionally, in multivariate analysis adjusted for age and treatment, %FVC, %DLCO and the presence of honeycombing in the right lower lobe were independently associated with respiratory-related mortality. We created prediction models based on the values of %FVC, %DLCO and presence of honeycombing on chest HRCT (termed “MPF model”). The 5-year respiratory-related death-free rate was significantly different between patients with MPA with ILD stratified by the number of risk factors based on the MPF model.

Conclusions
Our study indicates that the MPF model may help predict respiratory-related death in patients with MPA with ILD.
Prophylaxis with tixagevimab/cilgavimab is associated with lower COVID-19 incidence and severity in patients with autoimmune diseases
Authors: Thomas Marion , Masson Maeva , Bitoun Samuel , Hamroun Sabrina , Seror Raphaele , Dupuy Henry , Lazaro Estibaliz , Richez Christophe , Allanore Yannick , Avouac Jérôme 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
To describe the clinical efficacy of tixagevimab/cilgavimab in pre-exposure prophylaxis in patients at risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and unresponsive to vaccination (anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibodies &lt;260 binding antibody units/ml) in rheumatology.

Methods
In this multicentre observational study we included patients with autoimmune or inflammatory diseases who received pre-exposure prophylaxis with tixagevimab/cilgavimab between December 2021 and August 2022. The endpoint was incidence of COVID-19 and its severity.

Results
Tixagevimab/cilgavimab was administered to 115 patients with a median age of 62 years [interquartile range (IQR) 52–71], chronic arthritis (n = 53), connective tissue disease (n = 38) or vasculitis (n = 11). The main background immunosuppressants were rituximab (n = 98), corticosteroids [n = 62; median dose 5 mg (95% CI 5–8)] and methotrexate (n = 48). During a median follow-up of 128 days (IQR 93–173), COVID-19 occurred in 23/115 patients (20%) and the omicron variant was identified for the eight genotyped patients. During the study period, the average weekly incidence was 1071/100 000 inhabitants in Île-de-France vs 588/100 000 in our patients. Patients who received a two-injection regimen had a lower risk of infection than those with a single injection [16/49 (33%) vs 5/64 (8%), P = 0.0012]. The COVID-19-positive patients did not differ from uninfected patients concerning age, comorbidities, underlying rheumatic disease and immunosuppressants. All COVID-19 cases were non-severe. The tolerance of injections was excellent.

Conclusion
In a population with autoimmune or inflammatory diseases at risk of severe COVID-19 unresponsive to vaccination, pre-exposure prophylaxis withy tixagevimab/cilgavimab was associated with a lower incidence of COVID-19 and no severe infections.
Exploring the application of sildenafil for high-fat diet-induced erectile dysfunction based on interleukin-18-mediated NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhu Bingbing , Niu Yangjiu , Niu Lipan , Zhang Xijia , Liu Fengxia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Inflammation is a key risk factor for heart disease and has also been linked to erectile dysfunction (ED). Sildenafil is a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor with a strong antioxidant effect. Interleukin (IL)-18 is a proinflammatory factor. Excessive production and release of IL-18 disrupt the balance between IL-18 and IL-18 binding proteins in certain inflammatory diseases, leading to the occurrence of pathological inflammation.

Aim
We evaluated the effects of sildenafil on erectile function in a rat model of high-fat diet–induced ED.

Methods
Male Sprague Dawley rats (6 weeks old) were divided into 5 groups: control, ED, sildenafil, IL-18, and IL-18 + sildenafil. Subsequently, intracavernous pressure and mean arterial pressure were used to assess the erectile function of these rats. The expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, pyroptosis factors, and the ratio of smooth muscle cells and collagen fibers were evaluated in the serum and corpora tissue.

Outcomes
Exploring the role and mechanism of sildenafil in ED through NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis pathway.

Results
In comparison to the ED and IL-18 groups, there were statistically significant increases in the ratio of intracavernous pressure to mean arterial pressure, endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression, and the ratio of smooth muscle cells to collagen fibers following sildenafil intervention (P &lt; .05). The sildenafil group and IL-18 + sildenafil group also showed statistically significant decreases the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and gasdermin D (P &lt; .05).

Clinical Implications
Sildenafil can improve erectile dysfunction by inhibiting inflammation.

Strengths and Limitations
Strengths are that the relationship between pyroptosis and ED has been verified through in vitro and in vivo experiments. The limitation is that the conclusions drawn from animal and cells experiments need to be confirmed in clinical research.

Conclusion
Sildenafil may reduce the effect of IL-18–induced inflammation in high-fat diet–induced ED rats through NLRP3/caspase-1 pyroptosis pathway.
Reverse Koebner phenomenon in erythema nodosum leprosum
Authors: Singh Sukhdeep , Narang Tarun , Dogra Sunil 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is an immunologically mediated phenomenon complicating the course of leprosy. Reverse Koebner phenomenon is the term used to describe the sparing of previously injured or diseased skin by new skin lesions of the disease.

Methods
A middle-aged woman with a known case of lepromatous leprosy for the past year presented with an eruption of reddish painful nodules over her body. The lesions were found to characteristically spare the sites of previous scars.

Results
This sparing phenomenon of previous scar sites has been termed reverse Koebner phenomenon, a site of the body that offers greater resistance than the rest of the body to the onset of the disease, seen in various diseases, but it has never been described in ENL.

Conclusion
This sparing of scar sites in ENL can be attributed to reverse Koebner phenomenon.
Idiopathic Lichenoid and Granulomatous Vulvitis: A Distinct Clinicopathological Entity
Authors: Knittel Ronan , Leake Robyn , Singh Komaldeep Hardeep , Wood Benjamin A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
The combination of lichenoid and granulomatous inflammation is uncommon in vulval biopsies. We present a series of 5 patients with lichenoid and granulomatous vulvitis, presenting with clinical changes resembling lichen sclerosus. Despite detailed clinicopathological investigation and follow-up, there was no apparent association with an underlying recognized cause. All 5 cases occurred in postmenopausal women and displayed a distinctive histological pattern of superficial band-like inflammation with granulomas “anchored” to the dermoepidermal junction. There was no evidence of deeper granulomatous inflammation. Despite repeated biopsies over 2 years in 2 patients, neither developed typical histological features of lichen sclerosus. We postulate that idiopathic lichenoid and granulomatous vulvitis may represent a distinct clinicopathologically defined vulvar dermatosis.
A human milk oligosaccharide alters the microbiome, circulating hormones, cytokines and metabolites in a randomized controlled trial of older individuals
Authors: Carter Matthew M. , Demis Diane , Perelman Dalia , St. Onge Michelle , Petlura Christina , Cunanan Kristen , Mathi Kavita , Maecker Holden T. , Chow Jo May , Robinson Jennifer L. , Sonnenburg Erica D. , Buck Rachael H. , Gardner Christopher D. , Sonnenburg Justin L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAging-related decline in immune function is associated with diseases like cancer, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative conditions. This study aimed to improve the aging gut microbiota and immune system by introducing a prebiotic oligosaccharide, 2-fucosyllactose (2’-FL), abundant in human breast milk with established health benefits in infants and animal models. 2’-FL was consumed at either of two doses versus placebo by 89 healthy older individuals (average age = 67.3 years) in a 6-week randomized controlled trial. Although the primary endpoint (significant change in the cytokine response score) was not met, consumers of the prebiotic experienced increased levels ofBifidobacteriumin the gut microbiota, along with elevated serum levels of insulin, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) hormone. Multi-omics analysis indicated a systemic response to 2’-FL, which could be detected in blood and urine, showcasing the potential of this prebiotic to provide diverse benefits to aging individuals.
Identification, analysis and prediction of valid and false information related to vaccines from Romanian tweets
Authors: Valeanu Andrei , Mihai Dragos Paul , Andrei Corina , Puscasu Ciprian , Ionica Alexandra Mihaela , Hinoveanu Miruna Ioana , Predoi Valentina Patricia , Bulancea Ema , Chirita Cornel , Negres Simona , Marineci Cristian Daniel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe online misinformation might undermine the vaccination efforts. Therefore, given the fact that no study specifically analyzed online vaccine related content written in Romanian, the main objective of the study was to detect and evaluate tweets related to vaccines and written in Romanian language. 1400 Romanian vaccine related tweets were manually classified in true, neutral and fake information and analyzed based on wordcloud representations, a correlation analysis between the three classes and specific tweet characteristics and the validation of several predictive machine learning algorithms. The tweets annotated as misinformation showed specific word patterns and were liked and reshared more often as compared to the true and neutral ones. The validation of the machine learning algorithms yielded enhanced results in terms of Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Score (0.744-0.843) when evaluating the Support Vector Classifier. The predictive model estimates in a well calibrated manner the probability that a specific Twitter post is true, neutral or fake. The current study offers important insights regarding vaccine related online content written in an Eastern European language. Future studies must aim at building an online platform for rapid identification of vaccine misinformation and raising awareness for the general population.
“Self-care selfies”: Patient-uploaded videos capture meaningful changes in dexterity over 6 months
Authors: Gopal Arpita , Torres Wilson O. , Winawer Ilana , Poole Shane , Balan Ayushi , Stuart Hannah S. , Fritz Nora E. , Gelfand Jeffrey M. , Allen Diane D. , Bove Riley 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveUpper extremity function reflects disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study evaluated the feasibility, validity and sensitivity to change of remote dexterity assessments applying human pose estimation to patient-uploaded videos.MethodsA discovery cohort of 50 adults with MS recorded “selfie” videos of self-care tasks at home: buttoning, brushing teeth, and eating. Kinematic data were extracted using MediaPipe Hand pose estimation software. Clinical comparison tests were: grip and pinch strength, 9 hole peg test (9HPT), and vibration, and patient-reported dexterity assessments (ABILHAND). Feasibility and acceptability were evaluated (Health-ITUES framework). A validation cohort (N=35) completed 9HPT and videos.ResultsThe modality was feasible: 88% of the 50 enrolled participants uploaded ≥3 videos, and 74% completed the study. It was also usable: assessments easy to access (95%), platform easy to use (97%), and tasks representative of daily activities (86%). The buttoning task revealed 4 metrics with strong correlations with 9HPT (nondominant: r=0.60-0.69, dominant: r=0.51-0.57, p<0.05) and ABILHAND (r=-0.48, p=0.05). Retest validity at 1 week was stable (r>0.8). Cross-sectional correlations between video metrics and 9HPT were similar at 6 months, and in the validation cohort (nondominant: r=0.46, dominant: r=0.45, p<0.05). Over 6 months, pinch strength (5.8 to 5.0kg/cm2, p=0.05) and self-reported pinch (ABILHAND) decreased marginally. While only 15% participants worsened by 20% on 9HPT, 70% worsened in key buttoning video metrics.InterpretationPatient-uploaded videos represent a novel, patient-centered modality for capturing dexterity that appears valid and sensitive to change, enhancing its potential to be disseminated for neurological disease monitoring and treatment.