bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imputation of low-coverage sequencing data from 150,119 UK Biobank genomes
Authors: Rubinacci Simone , Hofmeister Robin J. , Sousa da Mota Bárbara , Delaneau Olivier 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe release of 150,119 UK Biobank sequences represents an unprecedented opportunity as a reference panel to impute low-coverage whole-genome sequencing data with high accuracy but current methods cannot cope with the size of the data. Here we introduce GLIMPSE2, a low-coverage whole-genome sequencing imputation method that scales sublinearly in both the number of samples and markers, achieving efficient whole-genome imputation from the UK Biobank reference panel while retaining high accuracy for ancient and modern genomes, particularly at rare variants and for very low-coverage samples.
Myelin insulation as a risk factor for axonal degeneration in autoimmune demyelinating disease
Authors: Schäffner Erik , Bosch-Queralt Mar , Edgar Julia M. , Lehning Maria , Strauß Judith , Fleischer Niko , Kungl Theresa , Wieghofer Peter , Berghoff Stefan A. , Reinert Tilo , Krueger Martin , Morawski Markus , Möbius Wiebke , Barrantes-Freer Alonso , Stieler Jens , Sun Ting , Saher Gesine , Schwab Markus H. , Wrede Christoph , Frosch Maximilian , Prinz Marco , Reich Daniel S. , Flügel Alexander , Stadelmann Christine , Fledrich Robert , Nave Klaus-Armin , Stassart Ruth M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAxonal degeneration determines the clinical outcome of multiple sclerosis and is thought to result from exposure of denuded axons to immune-mediated damage. Therefore, myelin is widely considered to be a protective structure for axons in multiple sclerosis. Myelinated axons also depend on oligodendrocytes, which provide metabolic and structural support to the axonal compartment. Given that axonal pathology in multiple sclerosis is already visible at early disease stages, before overt demyelination, we reasoned that autoimmune inflammation may disrupt oligodendroglial support mechanisms and hence primarily affect axons insulated by myelin. Here, we studied axonal pathology as a function of myelination in human multiple sclerosis and mouse models of autoimmune encephalomyelitis with genetically altered myelination. We demonstrate that myelin ensheathment itself becomes detrimental for axonal survival and increases the risk of axons degenerating in an autoimmune environment. This challenges the view of myelin as a solely protective structure and suggests that axonal dependence on oligodendroglial support can become fatal when myelin is under inflammatory attack.
Biliatresone induces cholangiopathy in C57BL/6J neonates
Authors: Schmidt Hans Christian , Hagens Johanna , Schuppert Pauline , Appl Birgit , Raluy Laia Pagerols , Trochimiuk Magdalena , Philippi Clara , Li Zhongwen , Reinshagen Konrad , Tomuschat Christian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExposure to plant toxins or microbiota that are able to digest common food ingredients to toxic structures might be responsible for biliary atresia (BA). An isoflavonoid, biliatresone is known to effectively alter the extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) development in BALB/c mice. Biliatresone causes a reduction of Glutathione (GSH) levels, SOX17 downregulation and is effectively countered with N-Acetyl-L-cysteine treatment in vitro. Therefore, reversing GSH-loss appears to be a promising treatment target for a translational approach. Since BALB/c mice have been described as sensitive in various models, we evaluated the toxic effect of biliatresone in robust C57BL/6J mice and confirmed its toxicity. Comparison between BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice revealed similarity in the toxic model. Affected neonates exhibited clinical symptoms of BA, such as jaundice, ascites, clay-colored stools, yellow urine and impaired weight gain. The gallbladders of jaundiced neonates were hydropic and EHBD were twisted and enlarged. Serum and histological analysis proved cholestasis. No anomalies were seen in the liver and EHBD of control animals. With our study we join a chain of evidence confirming that biliatresone is an effective agent for cross-lineage targeted alteration of the EHBD system.
Quantum Otto heat engine with Pöschl–Teller potential in contact with coherent thermal bath
Authors: Abasabadi Sajjad Hashemi , Mirafzali Sayyed Yahya , Baghshahi Hamid Reza 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWork and efficiency of quantum Otto heat engines (QOHEs) can increase by using non-thermal baths or by inhomogeneous scaling of energy levels of the working substance. Given these points, at first, we construct the coherent thermal state for a trigonometric Pöschl–Teller (PT) potential. Then using a particle in this potential, which has unequally spaced energy levels, as a working substance, we investigate the work extraction and the efficiency of QOHEs that operates between cold and hot coherent thermal baths. The results show that changing the PT potential parameters in the adiabatic processes of QOHE, which causes an inhomogeneous shift in energy levels or/and make use of the hot coherent thermal bath, improve work extraction and efficiency of QOHE relative to the classical counterpart.
Skin cancer risk of menopausal hormone therapy in a Korean cohort
Authors: Yuk Jin-Sung , Lee Soo-Kyung , Uh Ji An , Seo Yong-Soo , Kim Myounghwan , Kim Myoung Shin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConflicting studies exist on the association between menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and skin cancers, such as melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the risk of skin cancer from MHT using data from 2002 to 2019 from the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea. We included 192,202 patients with MHT and 494,343 healthy controls. Women > 40 years who had menopause between 2002 and 2011 were included. Patients with MHT had at least one MHT for at least 6 months and healthy controls had never been prescribed MHT agents. We measured the incidence of melanoma and NMSC. Melanoma developed in 70 (0.03%) patients with MHT and 249 (0.05%) controls, while the incidence of NMSC was 417 (0.22%) in the MHT group and 1680 (0.34%) in the controls. Tibolone (hazard ratio [HR] 0.812, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.694–0.949) and combined oestrogen plus progestin by the manufacturer (COPM; HR 0.777, 95% CI 0.63–0.962) lowered the risk of NMSC, while other hormone groups did not change the risk. Overall, MHT was not associated with melanoma incidence in menopausal Korean women. Instead, tibolone and COPM were associated with a decrease in NMSC occurrence.
Structure and properties of naphthalene-diimide N-functionalized with stilbene
Authors: Sosorev Andrey Yu. , Ponomarev Igor I. , Dominskiy Dmitry I. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Parashchuk Olga D. , Trukhanov Vasily A. , Konstantinov Vladislav G. , Dubinets Nikita O. , Paraschuk Dmitry Yu. 
Published: June 2023

Novel donor-acceptor compound NDI-Stb bearing an NDI core and two stilbene moieties was synthesized. A combined experimental and theoretical approach was applied to study the structure and properties of NDI-Stb molecules and crystals.
Improved startup control of aero doubly salient electromagnetic starter generator based on optimised currents distribution with advanced angle commutation
Authors: Zhou Xingwei , Liu Peixin , Niu Shuangxia , Zhao Xing , Zhang Li 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDoubly salient electromagnetic machine (DSEM) can constitute a competitive rugged starter generator (SG) system. But under the traditional startup control method, the field current is set to the rated value regardless of speed or load torque conditions, and the phase currents are controlled with standard angle commutation, bringing in large power loss as well as non‐negligible torque ripple. To overcome these shortcomings, based on the established DSEM power loss calculation model, a currents distribution strategy is proposed according to the obtained quantitative relationship between DSEM power loss and field current under multiple speed and load torque conditions. Then, to identify the load torque for practical implementation, a novel torque observer is designed based on back propagation (BP) neural network algorithm. Afterwards, to further improve the startup torque performance, currents distribution with advanced angle commutation (AAC) strategy is put forward, where the optimal advanced angle is selected from a 3‐D lookup table to achieve the minimal commutation torque ripple. Under the proposed control strategies, DSEM power loss as well as the output torque ripple are desired to be decreased, the simulation and experimental results on a 12/8‐pole DSEM prototype verify the correctness and feasibility of the proposed strategies under multiple operating conditions.
Transient thermal models of induction machines under Inter‐turn short‐circuit fault conditions
Authors: Zhao An , Zanuso Giovanni , Peretti Luca 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInduction machines are the working horses in a lot of industries. Inter‐turn short‐circuit (ITSC) fault is one of the most common failure modes taking place in them. It can generate large fault currents that lead to a local temperature rise in the faulty stator slot, which deteriorates the working performance of the machine or even cascades to a complete machine breakdown. This article focuses on developing transient thermal models for an induction machine under ITSC faults. The aim of these thermal models is to understand the thermal behaviour of the induction machine at different ITSC fault propagation stages. The first thermal model is based on finite element method (FEM) simulation that includes a physics‐based model for the thermal contact resistance. The second thermal model is a lumped parameter thermal network that models the stator as inter‐connected slot‐number parts. They are both capable of modelling the characteristic of non‐uniform temperature along the circumferential direction for the induction machine operating under ITSC fault conditions. After area‐weighted averaging the results of the FEM simulation, it is found they are quantitatively consistent, with an average relative error magnitude of 5%, as well.
Deep learning for cybersecurity in smart grids: Review and perspectives
Authors: Ruan Jiaqi , Liang Gaoqi , Zhao Junhua , Zhao Huan , Qiu Jing , Wen Fushuan , Dong Zhao Yang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProtecting cybersecurity is a non‐negotiable task for smart grids (SG) and has garnered significant attention in recent years. The application of artificial intelligence, particularly deep learning (DL), holds great promise for enhancing the cybersecurity of SG. Nevertheless, previous surveys and review articles have failed to comprehensively investigate the intersection between DL and SG cybersecurity. To address this gap, this study presents a survey of the latest advancements in DL technology and their relevance to SG cybersecurity. First, the functional mechanisms and scope of application of common DL techniques are explored. Subsequently, SG cyberthreats are categorised into distinct types of cyberattacks that have not been systematically examined in previous surveys. Based on this, a thorough review of the application of DL techniques in addressing each cyberthreat along with recommendations and a generalised framework for enhancing cyberattack detection using DL is offered. Finally, insights are provided into the emerging challenges presented by DL applications in SG cybersecurity that are yet to be widely acknowledged, and potential research avenues are proposed to address or alleviate these challenges.
WD‐UNeXt: Weight loss function and dropout U‐Net with ConvNeXt for automatic segmentation of few shot brain gliomas
Authors: Yin Ziming , Gao Hongyu , Gong Jinchang , Wang Yuanjun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAccurate segmentation of brain gliomas (BG) is a crucial and challenging task for effective treatment planning in BG therapy. This study presents the weight loss function and dropout U‐Net with ConvNeXt block (WD‐UNeXt), which precisely segments BG from few shot MRI. The ConvNeXt block, which comprises the main body of the network, is a structure that can extract more detailed features from images. The weight loss function addresses the issue of category imbalance, thereby enhancing the network's ability to achieve more precise segmentation. The training set of BraTS2019 was used to train the network and apply it to test data. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spec) and Hausdorff distance (HD) were used to assess the performance of the method. The experimental results demonstrate that the DSC of whole tumour, tumour core and enhancing tumour reached 0.934, 0.911 and 0.851, respectively. Sen of the sub‐regions achieved 0.922, 0.911 and 0.867. Spec and HD reached 1.000, 1.000, 1.000 and 3.224, 2.990, 2.844, respectively. Compared with the performance of state‐of‐the‐art methods, the DSC and HD of WD‐UNeXt were improved to varying degrees. Therefore, this method has considerable potential for the segmentation of BG.
Mangelernährung, ernährungsmedizinische Strukturen
und Prozesse in deutschen Krankenhäusern am nutritionDay – ein
interdisziplinärer Vergleich
Authors: Böhne Sarah Elisabeth Jasmin , Hiesmayr Michael , Worf Isabella , Tarantino Silvia , Volkert Dorothee 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Medizinische Fachdisziplinen sind in unterschiedlichem
Ausmaß von Mangelernährung betroffen. Das nutritionDay-Projekt
ermöglicht einen interdisziplinären Vergleich hinsichtlich der
Prävalenz von Mangelernährung, sowie eine Übersicht
über den Status quo einzelner ernährungsmedizinischer Strukturen
und Prozesse in deutschen Krankenhäusern.
Methoden In diese Auswertung wurden 1865 Patient:innen von 127
Klinikstationen einbezogen, die zwischen 2016 und August 2020 am nutritionDay in
Deutschland teilnahmen. Der Ernährungsstatus (BMI, Gewichtsverlust,
Einstufung durch das Stationspersonal), ernährungsmedizinische
Strukturen und Prozesse werden deskriptiv vergleichend für 7
Fachdisziplingruppen dargestellt.
Ergebnisse 5,5% bzw. 16,7% der teilnehmenden Patient:innen
waren untergewichtig (nach WHO- bzw. ESPEN-Definition). Am häufigsten
war Untergewicht in der Geriatrie (7,6% bzw. 24,0%) und am
seltensten in der Neurologie (3,3% bzw. 12,0%). Unbeabsichtigter
Gewichtsverlust betraf 40,1% in der Onkologie, jedoch nur 19,4%
in der Neurologie. Nach Pflegeeinschätzung waren vor allem geriatrische
Patient:innen mangelernährt (26,3%). 63,8% aller
Stationen gaben an, eine übergeordnete Strategie für die
Ernährungsversorgung zu haben (Spanne der Disziplinen
26,7–89,5%), 47,2% (35,3–61,9%) hatten
eine Ansprechperson für klinische Ernährungsfragen.
88,3% (66,7–100%) führen ein
Mangelernährungsscreening durch und 57,5%
(44,4–84,2%) gaben routinemäßiges Wiegen bei
Aufnahme an.
Diskussion Mangelernährung ist bei Krankenhauspatient:innen in
Deutschland je nach Kriterium unterschiedlich häufig mit einer
interdisziplinären Varianz. Die Existenz und Umsetzung
ernährungsmedizinischer Strukturen und Prozesse variiert ebenfalls und
ist insgesamt verbesserungswürdig. Als politische Entscheidungsgrundlage
werden dringend flächendeckende Daten aus deutschen
Krankenhäusern benötigt.
Análise biomecânica da marcha de pacientes com osteonecrose da cabeça do fêmur
Authors: Schleder Julia Silva e Lima , Ramello Danielly Caroline de Souza , Caron Mauro Duarte , Cliquet Junior Alberto 
Published: June 2023

Resumo
Objetivos Embora a osteonecrose da cabeça do fêmur seja uma lesão prevalente, seus efeitos sobre os parâmetros da marcha não foram minuciosamente estudados e não estão bem estabelecidos na literatura atual. O objetivo principal do presente estudo é descrever a marcha em pacientes com osteonecrose.
Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal. Nove pacientes com diagnóstico de osteonecrose da cabeça do fêmur, sob acompanhamento regular em ambulatório, foram selecionados para o presente estudo e submetidos à análise da marcha com Vicon Motion Capture Systems. Os dados espaciais e temporais foram obtidos e os ângulos articulares foram calculados com o sistema de coordenadas angulares de Euler. Sistemas de coordenadas distais e plataformas de força foram utilizados para o cálculo de momentos articulares e de forças de reação ao solo, respectivamente.
Resultados Os pacientes com osteonecrose apresentaram menor velocidade (0,54 m/s ± 0,19) e menor cadência (83,01 passos/minuto ± 13,23) do que pacientes saudáveis. As amplitudes de movimento de obliquidade e rotação pélvica foram de 10,12° ± 3,03 e 18,23° ± 9,17, respectivamente. A média de flexão do quadril foi de 9,48° ± 3,40. O estudo das forças de reação ao solo revelou redução das forças de frenagem e propulsão. Os momentos articulares de flexão e adução caíram (0,42 Nm/kg ± 0,2 e 0,30 Nm/kg ± 0,11), mas o momento de abdução aumentou (0,42 Nm/kg ± 0,18).
Conclusões O presente estudo mostrou que a osteonecrose da cabeça do fêmur é associada a mecanismos compensatórios da marcha, com aumento da movimentação pélvica e diminuição da flexão do joelho para proteção da articulação do quadril. A redução dos momentos de flexão e adução do quadril também foi identificada e a fraqueza destes grupos musculares pode estar correlacionada à doença.
Uso de smartphones como fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de morbidades no punho e nos dedos
Authors: Gonçalves Ana Mariza dos Santos , Carmo Vinícius José Guimarães do , Araújo Letycia Monteiro Cavalcanti , Pereira Taciane Machado de Melo 
Published: June 2023

Resumo
Objetivo Investigar o uso de smartphones em longo prazo como fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de morbidades no nível do punho e dos dedos.
Métodos Realizou-se um estudo descritivo, exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa, para a obtenção de medidas de prevalência com cem acadêmicos usuários de smartphones de uma faculdade privada localizada no sertão de Pernambuco. Foram aplicados um questionário semiestruturado e o Questionário de Síndrome do Túnel do Carpo de Boston (Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire, BCTQ, na sigla em inglês), além da Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) e dos testes de Finkesltein, Phalen, Phalen reverso, e sinal de Tinel no punho.
Resultados A idade média da amostra foi de 22,73 anos, com prevalência de solteiros, de destros, e do sexo feminino. O tempo de uso do smartphone indicado pela maioria dos participantes era entre 5 e 10 anos, e 85% da amostra relatou já ter sentido desconforto no punho e nos dedos durante o uso do aparelho, sendo a dormência o sintoma mais prevalente. Com relação aos testes clínicos, houve prevalência de resultados negativos, e o de Finklestein apresentou maior positividade. Quanto ao BCTQ, dividido em duas escalas, uma de gravidade dos sintomas (escala G) e uma de estado funcional (escala F), a média geral das pontuações foi de 1,61 na escala G, o que indica sintomas de leve a moderados, já a escala F revelou que os sintomas não afetavam a funcionalidade.
Conclusão Foi possível observar uma correlação significativa entre o tempo de uso dos smartphones e a presença de desconforto no punho e nos dedos, o que indica que se trata de um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de morbidades.
Liberação endoscópica do nervo ulnar no cotovelo: Descrição da técnica e série de casos
Authors: Oliveira Ricardo Kaempf de , Brunelli João Pedro Farina , Araújo Matheus Baldasso , Aita Márcio , Carratalá Vicente , Delgado Pedro J. 
Published: June 2023

Resumo
Objetivo A liberação endoscópica do nervo ulnar permite reproduzir uma liberação simples (in situ), mas através de incisões menores e com menor lesão de partes moles e uma maior preservação da vascularização do nervo. A visualização clara através da endoscopia permite observar todo o trajeto do nervo e das estruturas nobres circundantes, mostrando os sinais de compressão, possibilitando realizar a liberação de forma segura em um trajeto de 10 cm nos sentidos distal e proximal ao epicôndilo medial.
Método Foram encontrados, de forma retrospectiva, no período entre janeiro de 2016 e janeiro de 2020, 15 pacientes (sendo 1 com lesão bilateral) submetidos a liberação da compressão do nervo ulnar no cotovelo pela técnica endoscópica com equipamento de Agee (Micro-Aire Sugical Instruments, Charlottesville, VA, EUA).
Resultados Todos os pacientes tiveram melhora dos sintomas de compressão do nervo ulnar e o período de retorno ao trabalho foi de em média 26,5 dias. Não houve recidivas e não houve a necessidade de outro procedimento. Também não houve complicações graves decorrentes do procedimento, como infecção, lesão nervosa ou vascular. Em um paciente, houve parestesia transitória dos ramos sensitivos para o antebraço, com retorno completo da função em 8 semanas.
Conclusão Os resultados mostram que a liberação endoscópica do nervo ulnar no cotovelo com o equipamento de Agee é uma técnica segura, confiável e com bons resultados.
Perfil microbiológico das infecções periprotéticas do joelho em um hospital do Sistema Único de Saúde especializado em cirurgias ortopédicas de alta complexidade
Authors: Mozella Alan de Paula , Assunção Thales Nunes de , Cobra Hugo Alexandre de Araújo Barros , Minamoto Sandra Tie Nishibe , Salim Rodrigo , Leal Ana Carolina 
Published: June 2023

Resumo
Objetivo Identificar o perfil microbiológico das infecções periprotéticas do joelho tratadas em um hospital terciário brasileiro.
Métodos Todos os pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revisão de artroplastia total do joelho (RATJ), no período compreendido entre novembro de 2019 e dezembro de 2021, e que tiveram o diagnóstico de infecção periprotética confirmado de acordo com critérios do International Consensus Meeting (ICM) 2018, foram incluídos no estudo.
Resultados Sessenta e dois pacientes foram diagnosticados com infecção periprotética (IAP) pelos critérios do International Consensus
Meeting 2018. Culturas monomicrobianas foram identificadas em 79% e polimicrobianas em 21% dos casos. A bactéria mais frequentemente identificada nas culturas microbiológicas de tecidos e líquido sinovial foi o Staphylococcus aureus, presente em 26% dos pacientes com infecção periprotética. Infecções periprotéticas com culturas negativas ocorreram em 23% dos pacientes.
Conclusão Nossos resultados evidenciam: i) alta prevalência de bactérias do gênero Staphylococcus como causadores da IAP do joelho; ii) a alta incidência de infecções polimicrobianas nas infecções precoces e iii) IAP com culturas negativas ocorre em, aproximadamente, um quarto dos pacientes.
Mieloma Múltiplo (Parte 2) - Atualização sobre a Abordagem da Doença Óssea
Authors: Guedes Alex , Becker Ricardo Gehrke , Teixeira Luiz Eduardo Moreira 
Published: June 2023

ResumoO aumento da expectativa de vida da população mundial levou a incremento concomitante na prevalência de mieloma múltiplo (MM), patologia que geralmente afeta a população idosa. Lesões ósseas são frequentes nos portadores desta condição, demandando abordagem precoce, desde o tratamento medicamentoso, passando pela radioterapia até a cirurgia ortopédica (profilática ou terapêutica) com os objetivos de prevenir ou retardar a ocorrência de fratura, ou, quando este evento já ocorreu, tratá-la mediante estabilização ou substituição (lesões situadas no esqueleto apendicular) e/ou promover estabilização e descompressão medular (lesões situadas no esqueleto axial), proporcionando rápido alívio da dor, retorno à deambulação e ressocialização, devolvendo a qualidade de vida aos pacientes. O objetivo desta revisão é atualizar o leitor sobre a fisiopatologia, a clínica, exames laboratoriais e de imagem, diagnóstico diferencial e abordagem terapêutica da doença óssea no mieloma múltiplo (DOMM).