bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal alcohol exposure and cognition at midlife: Evidence of fluid cognition deficits in two cohorts
Authors: Shapiro Z. R. , Kable J. A. , Grant T. M. , Stoner S. A. , Coles C. D. ,   CIFASD
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) impacts cognition in childhood and early adulthood. Here we evaluate the cognitive abilities of middle‐aged adults with and without a history of PAE.MethodsParticipants (N = 200) were recruited from longitudinal cohorts in the Atlanta and Seattle metropolitan areas and completed measures comprising the National Institutes of Health Toolbox's Fluid Cognition Composite.ResultsWe found that individuals with PAE had lower Fluid Cognition Summary scores and lower Dimensional Change Card Sort and Flanker task subtest scores than non‐PAE controls, after accounting for both potentially confounding demographic variables using propensity scores and the effects of study site. When we evaluated the effects of PAE with and without dysmorphic physical features, we found that middle‐aged adults in both groups had lower fluid cognition scores than non‐PAE controls. However, only the presence of PAE with dysmorphic features was associated with lower performance on the Dimensional Change Card Sort Test and Flanker tasks.ConclusionWhile all participants with PAE had lower fluid cognition, those with PAE and dysmorphic features also exhibited specific deficits in their performance on measures of inhibition, attention, and cognitive flexibility. Thus, PAE is associated with ongoing cognitive deficits in middle adulthood, which can be observed most clearly among individuals with dysmorphic features.
Terms of trade volatility and tax revenue in Sub‐Saharan African countries
Authors: Kweka Godfrey J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTerms of trade remain inherently volatile in the global market, exerting pressure on tax revenue with the resulting change in prices and trade (export or import) volumes. This study investigated the empirical relationship between terms of trade volatility from a regional perspective using a dynamic bias corrected model. A corrected dynamic fixed effect and one‐step diff‐GMM models are used to estimate the effect of terms of trade volatility using a set of panel data for 41 sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries from 1990 to 2022. The findings show that terms of trade changes have a positive effect on tax to GDP ratio and its volatility has indirect negative effects. Informal economic activities tend to deteriorate tax revenue in SSA. Thus, terms of trade volatility depress growth of GDP per capital and tax base in SSA. The findings imply the need for hedging the risks associated with terms of trade volatility, intensifying agriculture production and increasing the speed of formalizing informal sectors in order to reduce associated risks of depressing tax base in SSA.
Evaluating the performance of ChatGPT in clinical pharmacy: A comparative study of ChatGPT and clinical pharmacists
Authors: Huang Xiaoru , Estau Dannya , Liu Xuening , Yu Yang , Qin Jiguang , Li Zijian 
Published: August 2023

AimsTo evaluate the performance of chat generative pretrained transformer (ChatGPT) in key domains of clinical pharmacy practice, including prescription review, patient medication education, adverse drug reaction (ADR) recognition, ADR causality assessment and drug counselling.MethodsQuestions and clinical pharmacist's answers were collected from real clinical cases and clinical pharmacist competency assessment. ChatGPT's responses were generated by inputting the same question into the ‘New Chat’ box of ChatGPT Mar 23 Version. Five licensed clinical pharmacists independently rated these answers on a scale of 0 (Completely incorrect) to 10 (Completely correct). The mean scores of ChatGPT and clinical pharmacists were compared using a paired 2‐tailed Student's t‐test. The text content of the answers was also descriptively summarized together.ResultsThe quantitative results indicated that ChatGPT was excellent in drug counselling (ChatGPT: 8.77 vs. clinical pharmacist: 9.50, P = .0791) and weak in prescription review (5.23 vs. 9.90, P = .0089), patient medication education (6.20 vs. 9.07, P = .0032), ADR recognition (5.07 vs. 9.70, P = .0483) and ADR causality assessment (4.03 vs. 9.73, P = .023). The capabilities and limitations of ChatGPT in clinical pharmacy practice were summarized based on the completeness and accuracy of the answers. ChatGPT revealed robust retrieval, information integration and dialogue capabilities. It lacked medicine‐specific datasets as well as the ability for handling advanced reasoning and complex instructions.ConclusionsWhile ChatGPT holds promise in clinical pharmacy practice as a supplementary tool, the ability of ChatGPT to handle complex problems needs further improvement and refinement.
Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis by enhancing RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Schneider Ayda Henriques , Taira Thaise Mayumi , Públio Gabriel Azevedo , da Silva Prado Douglas , Donate Yabuta Paula Barbim , dos Santos Jéssica Cristina , Machado Caio Cavalcante , de Souza Flávio Falcão Lima , Rodrigues Venturini Lucas Gabriel , de Oliveira Renê Donizeti Ribeiro , Cunha Thiago Mattar , Alves‐Filho José Carlos , Louzada‐Júnior Paulo , Aparecida da Silva Tarcília , Fukada Sandra Yasuyo , Cunha Fernando Queiróz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can cause bone erosion due to increased osteoclastogenesis. Neutrophils involvement in osteoclastogenesis remains uncertain. Given that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can act as inflammatory mediators in rheumatoid arthritis, we investigated the role of NETs in stimulating bone loss by potentiating osteoclastogenesis during arthritis.Experimental ApproachThe level of NETs in synovial fluid from arthritis patients was assessed. Bone loss was evaluated by histology and micro‐CT in antigen‐induced arthritis (AIA)‐induced WT mice treated with DNase or in Padi4‐deficient mice (Padi4flox/flox LysMCRE). The size and function of osteoclasts and the levels of RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG) released by osteoblasts that were incubated with NETs were measured. The expression of osteoclastogenic marker genes and protein levels were evaluated by qPCR and western blotting. To assess the participation of TLR4 and TLR9 in osteoclastogenesis, cells from Tlr4−/− and Tlr9−/− mice were cultured with NETs.Key ResultsRheumatoid arthritis patients had higher levels of NETs in synovial fluid than osteoarthritis patients, which correlated with increased levels of RANKL/OPG. Moreover, patients with bone erosion had higher levels of NETs. Inhibiting NETs with DNase or Padi4 deletion alleviated bone loss in arthritic mice. Consistently, NETs enhanced RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis that was dependent on TLR4 and TLR9 and increased osteoclast resorptive functions in vitro. In addition, NETs stimulated the release of RANKL and inhibited osteoprotegerin in osteoblasts, favouring osteoclastogenesis.Conclusions and ImplicationsInhibiting NETs could be an alternative strategy to reduce bone erosion in arthritis patients.
Identifying ‘climate keystone species’ as a tool for conserving ecological communities under climate change
Authors: Marjakangas Emma‐Liina , Santangeli Andrea , Kujala Heini , Mammola Stefano , Lehikoinen Aleksi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimClimate change affects ecological communities via impacts on species. The community's response to climate change can be represented as the temporal trend in a climate‐related functional property that is quantified using a relevant functional trait. Noteworthy, some species influence this response in the community more strongly than others.InnovationLeveraging on the concept of keystone species, we propose that species with a strong effect on the community's functional response to climate change beyond their relative abundance can be considered as ‘climate keystone species’. We develop a stepwise tool to determine species' effects on a community's climate response and identify climate keystone species. We quantify the species‐specific effect by measuring the difference in the community's climate response with and without the species. Next, we identify climate keystone species as those with a strong residual effect after weighting with their relative abundances in the community.Main ConclusionsTo illustrate the use of the stepwise tool with empirical data, we identify climate keystone species that have a strong effect on the change in the average temperature niche in North American bird communities over time and find the identification tool ecologically relevant. Identification of climate keystone species can serve as an additional conservation method to efficiently protect ecological communities and, in turn, the ecosystem functions they provide.
Unrepaired tetralogy of Fallot in a 71 years old woman: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ghaderi Fereshteh , Kazemi Tooba , Jafari‐Nozad Amir Masoud 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD) in infants. The four components that constitute ToF are an overriding aorta over the crest of the interventricular septum, obstruction in the right ventricular outflow tract, right ventricular hypertrophy, and a typically large non‐restricted ventricular septal defect. ToF may also be associated with other extracardiac abnormalities, including patent ductus arteriosus or multiple aortopulmonary collateral arteries, which can impact the patient's survival. Patients with unoperated ToF rarely reach adulthood, and it is extremely rare to discover undiagnosed ToF in individuals over 60 years old. In this report, we describe an unusual case of a woman with unrepaired ToF who survived until the age of 71. She was fairly asymptomatic until the 7th decade of her life and complained only of dyspnea on exertion. The patient declined corrective cardiac surgery and preferred conservative management.
An empirical study of learning‐to‐rank for spare parts consumption in the repair process
Authors: Duarte Edson , de Haro Moraes Daniel , Padula Lucas Leonardo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe repair process of devices is an important part of the business of many original equipment manufacturers. The consumption of spare parts, during the repair process, is driven by the defects found during inspection of the devices, and these parts are a big part of the costs in the repair process. In previous work, we proposed a data‐driven method for Supply Chain Control Tower solutions to provide support for the automatic check of spare parts consumption in the repair process. In this article, we continue our investigation of a multi‐label classification problem and explore alternatives in the learning‐to‐rank approach, where we simulate the passage of time using more data while training and comparing hundreds of Machine Learning models to provide an automatic check in the consumption of spare parts. We investigate the effects of different train set sizes, retraining intervals, models and hyper‐parameter search using Bayesian Optimization. We define a custom metric, the Ratio of Marked Parts, measuring how many spare parts are marked for revision at the end of the repair process. The results show that we were able to improve the trained models and achieve a higher mean NDCG@20 score of 86% when ranking the expected parts. While focusing on the most recent data, we achieved a NDCG@20 score of 90% and obtained a Ratio of Marked Parts of just 4% of the consumed parts for use in alert generation.
Characterizing and modeling hydrogen sulfide production in anaerobic digestion of livestock manure, agro‐industrial wastes, and wastewater sludge
Authors: Daly Sarah E. , Ni Ji‐Qin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the most undesirable inorganic gas in biogas from anaerobic digestion (AD). However, H2S production in AD is complex and understanding of its processes is still limited. This study performed six controlled batch anaerobic co‐digestion experiments to investigate H2S production. Materials were obtained from four field anaerobic digester systems and co‐digestion feedstocks from agroindustry. An additional precipitation experiment was conducted to further examine H2S production dynamics. Digesters containing highly soluble, carbohydrate‐based wastes had a high H2S final specific production (FSP) value. Additionally, the FSP values were negatively correlated with the initial Fe(II):S ratios in the digester liquid of the batch tests. The precipitation experiment indicated that iron sulfide precipitation was preferred in the presence of an anaerobic community. The H2S production as a time series was successfully modeled using a generalized additive model (R2 > 0.82). This study revealed that sulfate, phosphorus, and iron concentrations are important predictors and potential inhibitors of H2S production in AD. Further examination of real‐time H2S modeling in AD is warranted.
LAMA5‐inspired adhesive dodecapeptide facilitates efficient dentine regeneration: An in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Tang Jia , Wang Haicheng , Wu Di , Wang Zuolin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimThe primary goal of this study was to investigate the potential effects of A5G81 in inducing reparative dentine (RD) formation both in vitro and in vivo.MethodologyCell adhesion was observed by crystal violet staining and quantified by Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) extraction. Cell proliferation was investigated using Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay. Spreading of cytoskeleton was visualized using immunofluorescence staining. Protein expression level of Akt signalling pathway was compared in a human Akt pathway phosphorylation array. Genes that were up or downregulated by A5G81 were identified by RNA sequencing. The mRNA expression of odontoblastic markers was detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Moreover, mineralization of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) was visualized by alizarin red staining and quantified using cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). A direct pulp‐capping model was established in SD rats and the RD formation at 2 weeks after operation was observed using HE staining.ResultsA5G81 (optimal coating concentration: 0.5 mg/mL) promoted hDPCs adhesion and proliferation to a level that was similar to Type I collagen (COL‐1). Meanwhile, A5G81 activated Akt signalling pathway, albeit to a lesser extent than COL‐1. An inhibition test indicated that A5G81 induced hDPCs adhesion by activating PI3K pathway. A5G81 induced the expression of ECM remodelling genes and odontoblastic genes, which were demonstrated by RNA‐seq and qPCR, respectively. In addition, A5G81 efficiently accelerated the mineralization of hDPCs in both immobilized and soluble forms, a property that makes it more applicable in dental clinic. Finally, the pulp‐capping study in rats suggested that use of A5G81 could successfully induce the formation of RD within 2 weeks.ConclusionCoating of A5G81 to non‐tissue culture–treated polystyrene facilitates spreading, proliferation and differentiation of hDPCs, resulting in rapid RD formation in artificially exposed pulp.
Quantification of circulating clonal plasma cells by multiparametric flow cytometry as a prognostic marker in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Sathya Pandurangan , Kayal Smita , Srinivas B. H. , Hamide Abdoul , Kar Rakhee 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies have shown that the quantification of circulating clonal plasma cells (cCPCs) in peripheral blood using flow cytometry could be used as a prognostic predictor of poor outcome in multiple myeloma (MM).MethodsIn 66 newly diagnosed MM, cCPCs were quantified (cCPC%) and analysed for association with outcome and survival. Single‐tube combined surface (CD45/CD19/CD138/CD38/CD56/CD27/CD81 as per availability) and cytoplasmic (kappa/lambda) staining was done using pre‐titrated volumes of antibodies. In 26 patients, repeat cCPC% was assessed post‐induction therapy. For association studies, treatment response has been taken as good (VGPR and above) and poor (PR and below). All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS software version 16.0.ResultsThere was no significant association between cCPC% at baseline with staging (p = 0.43), β2‐microglobulin (p = 0.27) and albumin (p = 0.08). There was a significant difference between the pre‐induction and post‐induction cCPC% (p = 0.0001). The patients were segregated using a cut‐off of ≥0.197 and <0.197 based on the median values of baseline cCPC%. The post‐induction outcome was available for 47 patients among whom 33 (70%) had VGPR and above. There was a significant association between higher cCPC% at baseline with poor treatment response (p = 0.008). The median OS in the study patients was 42 (CI 28.14–43.03) months and the median PFS was 39 (CI 28.49–49.04) months. Higher cCPC% showed a lower median PFS (30 vs. 39 months) and OS (35 vs. 41 months) compared to lower cCPC% though it was not statistically significant.ConclusionFlow cytometric baseline cCPC% in newly diagnosed MM was associated with poor treatment response and survival.
Factors determining whether diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma samples are detected by flow cytometry
Authors: Peng David , Kodituwakku Aruna , Le Steven , Smith Sandy A. B. C. , Qiu Min R. , Earls Peter , Field Andrew S. , Parker Andrew J. C. , Law Matthew , Milliken Samuel T. , Sewell William A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionFlow cytometry (FCM) is widely used in the diagnosis of mature B‐cell neoplasms (MBN), and FCM data are usually consistent with morphological findings. However, diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), a common MBN, is sometimes not detected by FCM. This study aimed to explore factors that increase the likelihood of failure to detect DLBCL by FCM.MethodsCases with a final diagnosis of DLBCL that were analysed by eight‐colour FCM were retrospectively collated. Clinical, FCM, histopathological and genetic data were compared between cases detected and cases not detected by FCM.ResultsDLBCL cases from 135 different patients were analysed, of which 22 (16%) were not detected by FCM. In samples not detected by flow cytometry, lymphocytes were a lower percentage of total events (p = 0.02), and T cells were a higher percentage of total lymphocytes (p = 0.01). Cases with high MYC protein expression on immunohistochemistry were less likely to be missed by FCM (p = 0.011). Detection of DLBCL was not different between germinal centre B‐cell (GCB) and non‐GCB subtypes, not significantly affected by the presence of necrosis or fibrosis, and not significantly different between biopsy specimens compared to fine‐needle aspirates, or between samples from nodal compared to extranodal tissue.ConclusionThe study identifies several factors which affect the likelihood of DLBCL being missed by FCM. Even with eight‐colour analysis, FCM fails to detect numerous cases of DLBCL.
0‐3 magnetic nanocomposites via EPD: Current status for power component fabrication and future directions
Authors: Mills Sara C. , Patterson Eric A. , Andrew Jennifer S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInductors and transformers (here referred to as power components) for modern AC/DC switching power supplies require magnetic materials that have high power density and efficiency at high frequencies, with high magnetic saturation, low coercivity, and multi‐micrometer thicknesses to increase magnetic energy storage and power handling. Rather than using a single‐phase magnetic material in a polymer‐based composite, a composite formed from two magnetic phases (such as a 0‐3 nanocomposite) can simultaneously achieve all of the listed requirements and benefit from contributions by both the zero‐ and three‐dimensional phases to the magnetic properties. The fabrication of 0‐3 magnetic nanocomposites for power component applications requires a method to deposit magnetic nanoparticles into thick, physically stable yet porous films, and a subsequent method for infiltrating the magnetic nanoparticle film with another magnetic material. Here, the deposition of magnetic nanoparticles into micron‐thick films using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is discussed. This is described along with a new method, to improve upon traditional EPD methods by increasing film–substrate interactions with chelating agents, therefore increasing film stability. Next, the use of electro‐infiltration for fully incorporating a secondary magnetic material within the nanoparticle film is presented, showing the cumulative fabrication process with the addition of a multilayered nanocomposite fabrication technique for increasing overall nanocomposite thickness. The subsequent cross‐sectional and magnetic characterization of the fabricated 0‐3 nanocomposites is also shown. Finally, future directions for 0‐3 magnetic nanocomposites are offered, with emphasis on potential materials synthesis techniques and on translating knowledge beyond power component applications.
‘Jumping through hoops’: A metaphor for early career nurse researchers' experiences and resilience building as international collaborators
Authors: Smith Jessica G. , Laver Sharon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo present and discuss our experiences of learning how to establish and maintain an international collaboration as early career nurse researchers residing in the United States and Australia.BackgroundInternational research collaborations require additional startup time given the complexities of navigating cultural differences, obtaining ethics committee approvals in different countries and collecting human subject data. International collaborations may be daunting for early career researchers given their inexperience and pragmatic focus on research projects that lead to outputs achievable on short timelines for career advancement.DesignDiscussion paper.Data SourcesEvidence from international literature about global collaborations across numerous disciplines, including potential factors that could facilitate or constrain early career researcher efforts to engage in international collaborations, were combined with authors' lived experiences as early career researchers.DiscussionOur collaboration began in July 2022 through a professional introduction spurred by a call for applications to fund global nursing education collaborations. Interpersonal, logistical and organizational factors played a role in our lived experiences of beginning an international collaboration. Our experiences are consistent with published literature about the time and complexity involved in conducting international research.ConclusionInvesting time building interpersonal relationships strengthens international research and supports collaborative learning and intercultural understanding. These professional relationships can be built over time to develop significant bodies of research with international impact. Early career researchers need to be resilient, persistent and tenacious as they ‘jump through hoops’ to establish international research collaborations.ImpactBuilding relationships during international research collaborations supports collaborative learning for intercultural understanding and strengthens research to address emerging global problems. International nursing research collaborations could encourage greater curiosity, innovative ideas and solutions to international problems that could not be achieved in isolation.Patient or Public ContributionThere was no patient or public involvement in the design and development of this paper.