bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about Safe Drinking Water among High School Teachers of Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Authors: Shaikh Gul Muhammad , Butt Asif Maqsood , Shafiq Muhammad 
Published: May 2023

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the knowledge attitude and practice about safe drinking water among high school teachers of Rawalpindi city.Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Rawalpindi city among high school teachers of some private institutions between September to November in 2021. A total 200 teachers, 151(75%) females and 49 (25%) males participated in the study. Sample selection was done with the help of convenient sampling. Data collection was done with the help of a self-structured questionnaire. Data entry and analysis was done with the help of SPSS version-23. Quantitative variables were presented with the help of mean±SD and qualitative variables were presented with the help of frequency and percentages.Results: Only 67% male and 61% female participants could successfully define perception of safe drinking water. Among male and female participants >80% had knowledge about water borne diseases, less than 50% were able to successfully define water contamination; knowledge about water chlorination was good among participants for both male and female participants as >70% knew about it, perception regarding boiling of water was also high among participants and >80% of male and female participants had perception regarding government role forsafe drinking water and vaccination against water born diseases. In an attempt to name water borne diseases, 23% males & 38% females failed to do so and about 98% males and 99% females had no perception about the nutrients essential in drinking water.Conclusion: Perception about safe drinking water among teachers of high school is unsatisfactory and this is alarming as they are the main source of knowledge for their students and others.
Prevalence of Periodontitis in Pakistan: a Systematic Review
Authors: Fahim Ayesha , Shakeel Sadia , Shahid Tayyaba Nayab , Anwar Hafiz Mujtaba , Raja Anum Ahmed , Khan Anusha 
Published: May 2023

Background One of fundamental components of general health and wellbeing is oral health. Among various oral diseases, periodontitis affects a large number of populations around the developed and underdeveloped countries of the world. The first step to manage this disease at the community level is to know its prevalence and trend. Therefore, this systematic review was planned to document the prevalence of periodontitis at the national and regional level.
Methods Literature was searched using various databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Pak Medi net and Eric. Keywords used were “Prevalence”, “Periodontitis”, “Pakistan” “Prevalence of periodontitis in Pakistan”, “prevalence and/or periodontitis and/or Pakistan”. The research methodology was based on the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) to extract and later analyze relevant studies. Quality assessment of all the included studies was performed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist.
Results Thirty studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria and reported the prevalence of periodontitis in the Pakistani population were included. A total of 17,757 subjects were included in the systematic review from 30 studies. The prevalence estimate of periodontitis (keeping 95%CI) was 37% from Punjab, 40% from Sindh, 20% from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and 3% from Baluchistan.
Conclusion Based on our collection of data prevalence of periodontitis in Pakistan was found to be high. Therefore, it can be concluded that in Pakistan periodontitis is a serious dental issue that must be sorted out to improve the oral health related quality of life in this demographic part. This paper will serve as a baseline for planning future health policies to address this disease in the country.
Knowledge, Awareness and Misconceptions Regarding COVID-19 Among Medical Students of Pakistan
Authors: Khan Kauser Aftab , Rehman Basil , Anwar Sumair , Ali Raisat 
Published: May 2023

Objective: To assess the understanding and knowledge of medical students regarding COVID-19 and to determine their ability in applying that knowledge as they could serve as potential workforce.
Methods: A quantitative approach was used to evaluate the knowledge of the medical students. The data was collected by an online cross-sectional survey conducted among students from 9 medical colleges across all provinces of Pakistan. The sample included 627 respondents. The survey was divided into two parts, the web-based information that a medical student acquires by self-motivation and information derived from social media that needs critical evaluation and further research to determine its authenticity. The second part included evaluation of knowledge about the pandemic in general with a focus on COVID-19 and its application.
Results: There were a total of 627 respondents from medical colleges across Pakistan. The majority 98.1% (n=615) were aware of pandemic and 87% (n=546) were actively following the emerging evidence of COVID-19. An important feature was that 82.8% (n=519) of the medical students were willing to check for the authenticity of information. More than two third of medical students had adequate knowledge regarding importance of testing, vulnerable population and protective measures required to prevent spread of COVID-19. Respondents responded to observing the preventive measures with 91% observing social distancing, 86% maintaining personal hygiene and 72% wearing masks.
Conclusions: Most of the medical students in Pakistan keep themselves abreast with developments in the pandemic. They are capable of understanding the scientific basis behind COVID-19 and have the ability to differentiate between scientific and nonscientific information.
Are Athletes Playing for Osteoarthritis? A Systematic Review
Authors: Butt Muhammad Salman , Saleem Javeria , Salman Saifa , Irfan Izza , Rashid Mehnaz , Bukhari Gul Mehar Javaid , Faryal Joham 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
An athlete suffers from many injuries in his sports career which may be due to some trauma or maybe atraumatic. Athletes involved in the sports of long-running remains worried about knee osteoarthritis (O.A) and a question always remain in a debate that physical activity is a risk of O.A and the athletes are running for osteoarthritis. This systematic review was conducted to synthesize the evidence on the quantitative association between participation in specific sports and the occurrence of Knee OA. This systematic review will also analyze the effect of sports injuries on knee OA.
Methods
Three electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Springer link are selected for gathering the information and the articles for this study. This systematic review is based on the randomized control trials (RCTs), cohort and case-control studies published in the last 20 years (2000-2022) evaluating the symptomatic or asymptomatic tibiofemoral knee osteoarthritis change. The quality for study methodology was evaluated by using the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care Risk of Bias Tool and PRISMA checklist as a reference. Review manager, 5.4.1 Cochrane Collaboration was used for analyzing the risk for bias of individual studies.
Results
A total of 508 articles were searched and nine articles were selected to synthesized the results of this systematic review. Total nine articles are selected to conclude the results based on the inclusion criteria. Graph 1 is showing the study design and the number of included and excluded articles. The results are synthesized on the following levels using the PICOS model, i) comparison of running sports and incidence of knee osteoarthritis, ii) comparison of soccer, gender, and incidence of knee osteoarthritis, iii) comparison of anterior cruciate injury, the effect of treatment and incidence of knee osteoarthritis, and iv) comparison of training and prevention of knee osteoarthritis incidence.
Conclusion
Sports with more jumping, twisting, and knee injuries contribute to the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis. Knee osteoarthritis in athletes remains asymptomatic initially and it manifested after 15 to 20 years after the start of pathogenesis due to some knee injury, especially ACL and menisci injury.
Pengaruh Kinerja Terhadap Petugas Palang Merah Indonesia Dalam Tanggap Darurat Bencana
Authors: Siregar Farid Hidayat 
Published: May 2023

Penanggulangan bencana adalah segala upaya dan kegiatan yang dilakukan, yang meliputi pencegahan, penjinakan (mitigasi), penyelamatan, rehabilitasi, dan rekonstruksi, baik sebelum maupun sesudah bencana terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi peran kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja petugas Palang Merah Indonesia di Provinsi Sumatera Utara dalam tanggap darurat bencana.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional study yang dilaksanakan di kantor Palang Merah Indonesia (PMI) wilayah Sumatera Utara, yang berlangsung dari bulan Maret sampai April 2021. Populasi penelitian ini terdiri dari 36 pengurus PMI di Sumatera Utara. Propinsi. Data survei dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi Square dan regresi logistik.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh peran katalisator dalam penyelenggaraan kesiapsiagaan terhadap kinerja petugas PMI dalam tanggap darurat bencana di Sumatera Utara (p = 0,010), ada pengaruh peran fasilitator dalam penyelenggaraan kesiapsiagaan pada kinerja petugas PMI dalam tanggap darurat bencana di Sumatera Utara dengan nilai (p). = 0,042), ada pengaruh peran penghubung sumber dalam penyelenggaraan kesiapsiagaan terhadap kinerja petugas PMI tanggap darurat bencana di Sumatera Utara (p = 0,010)
Estimating turbulent energy flux vertical profiles from uncrewed aircraft system measurements: exemplary results for the MOSAiC campaign
Authors: Egerer Ulrike , Cassano John J. , Shupe Matthew D. , de Boer Gijs , Lawrence Dale , Doddi Abhiram , Siebert Holger , Jozef Gina , Calmer Radiance , Hamilton Jonathan , Pilz Christian , Lonardi Michael 
Published: May 2023

Abstract. This study analyzes turbulent energy fluxes in the Arctic atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) using measurements with a small uncrewed aircraft system (sUAS). Turbulent fluxes constitute a major part of the atmospheric energy budget and influence the surface heat balance by distributing energy vertically in the atmosphere. However, only few in situ measurements of the vertical profile of turbulent fluxes in the Arctic ABL exist. The study presents a method to derive turbulent heat fluxes from DataHawk2 sUAS turbulence measurements, based on the flux gradient method with a parameterization of the turbulent exchange coefficient. This parameterization is derived from high-resolution horizontal wind speed measurements in combination with formulations for the turbulent Prandtl number and anisotropy depending on stability. Measurements were taken during the MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition in the Arctic sea ice during the melt season of 2020. For three example cases from this campaign, vertical profiles of turbulence parameters and turbulent heat fluxes are presented and compared to balloon-borne, radar, and near-surface measurements. The combination of all measurements draws a consistent picture of ABL conditions and demonstrates the unique potential of the presented method for studying turbulent exchange processes in the vertical ABL profile with sUAS measurements.
A practical method for assigning uncertainty and improving the accuracy of alpha-ejection corrections and eU concentrations in apatite (U–Th) ∕ He chronology
Authors: Zeigler Spencer D. , Metcalf James R. , Flowers Rebecca M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Apatite (U–Th) / He (AHe) dating generally assumes that grains can
be accurately and precisely modeled as geometrically perfect hexagonal
prisms or ellipsoids in order to compute the apatite volume (V),
alpha-ejection corrections (FT), equivalent spherical radius
(RFT), effective uranium concentration (eU), and corrected (U–Th) / He
date. It is well-known that this assumption is not true. In this work, we
present a set of corrections and uncertainties for V, FT, and RFT
aimed (1) at “undoing” the systematic deviation from the idealized
geometry and (2) at quantifying the contribution of geometric uncertainty to
the total uncertainty budget for eU and AHe dates. These corrections and
uncertainties can be easily integrated into existing laboratory workflows at
no added cost, can be routinely applied to all dated apatite, and can even
be retroactively applied to published data. To quantify the degree to which
real apatite deviates from geometric models, we selected 264 grains that span
the full spectrum of commonly analyzed morphologies, measured their
dimensions using standard 2D microscopy methods, and then acquired 3D scans
of the same grains using high-resolution computed tomography (CT). We then
compared our apatite 2D length, maximum width, and minimum width
measurements with those determined by CT, as well as the V, FT, and
RFT values calculated from 2D microscopy measurements with those from
the “real” 3D measurements. While our 2D length and maximum width
measurements match the 3D values well, the 2D minimum width values
systematically underestimate the 3D values and have high scatter. We
therefore use only the 2D length and maximum width measurements to compute
V, FT, and RFT. With this approach, apatite V, FT, and
RFT values are all consistently overestimated by the 2D microscopy
method, requiring correction factors of 0.74–0.83 (or 17 %–26 %), 0.91–0.99
(or 1 %–9 %), and 0.85–0.93 (or 7 %–15 %), respectively. The 1σ
uncertainties in V, FT, and RFT are 20 %–23 %, 1 %–6 %, and
6 %–10 %, respectively. The primary control on the magnitude of the
corrections and uncertainties is grain geometry, with grain size exerting
additional control on FT uncertainty. Application of these corrections
and uncertainties to a real dataset (N=24 AHe analyses) yields 1σ
analytical and geometric uncertainties of 15 %–16 % in eU and 3 %–7 % in the
corrected date. These geometric corrections and uncertainties are
substantial and should not be ignored when reporting, plotting, and
interpreting AHe datasets. The Geometric Correction Method (GCM) presented
here provides a simple and practical tool for deriving more accurate FT
and eU values and for incorporating this oft neglected geometric
uncertainty into AHe dates.
A data-driven evaluation of post-fire landslide susceptibility
Authors: Culler Elsa S. , Livneh Ben , Rajagopalan Balaji , Tiampo Kristy F. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Wildfires change the hydrologic and geomorphic response of watersheds, which has been associated with cascades of additional hazards and management challenges. Among these post-wildfire events are shallow landslides and debris flows. This study evaluates post-wildfire mass movement trigger characteristics by comparing the precipitation preceding events at both burned and unburned locations. Landslide events are selected from the NASA Global Landslide Catalog (GLC). Since this catalog contains events from multiple regions worldwide, it allows a greater degree of inter-region comparison than many more localized catalogs. Fire and precipitation histories for each site are established using Moderate Resolution Imagine Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Burned Area and Climate Hazards group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) precipitation data, respectively. Analysis of normalized 7 d accumulated precipitation for sites across all regions shows that, globally, mass movements at burned sites are preceded by less precipitation than mass movements without antecedent burn events. This supports the hypothesis that fire increases rainfall-driven mass movement hazards. An analysis of the seasonality of mass movements at burned and unburned locations shows that mass-movement-triggering storms in burned locations tend to exhibit different seasonality from rainfall-triggered mass movements in areas undisturbed by recent fire, with a variety of seasonal shifts ranging from approximately 6 months in the Pacific Northwest of North America to 1 week in the Himalayan region. Overall, this paper offers an exploration of regional differences in the characteristics of rainfall-triggered mass movements at burned and unburned sites over a broad spatial scale and encompassing a variety of climates and geographies.
Ecofeminism in the Early Twentieth Century Bengali Literature: Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain’s Sultana’s Dream
Authors: Nanjeeba Labiba Rifah 
Published: May 2023

Ecofeminism is a field of feminist inquiry and activism that has been used in literary criticism to illustrate the connection between ecology and feminism. To end women’s oppression, ecofeminism believes that it is necessary to end all forms of oppression, particularly environmental oppression. In the last few decades, a wide range of literary works delve into the “link between the domination of women and the domination of nature.”[1] Ecofeminism in literature explores the intersection between gender, nature, and patriarchal domination. This essay seeks to argue for the presence of ecofeminist thinking in early twentieth-century Bengali literature by analyzing Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain’s short story, Sultana’s Dream.

[1] Plumwood, “Ecofeminism: An overview,” 120.
PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI ETAP POWER STATION 12.6.0 SEBAGAI ESTIMASI RUGI DAYA CHILLER PADA GEDUNG SCTV TOWER
Authors: Ardiansyah Muhammad Yogi 
Published: May 2023

Perusahaan media merupakan perusahaan yang memiliki pertumbuhan cepat. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan kenyamanan dalam bekerja salah satunya suhu ruangan yang ideal. Sistem pendingin water chiller suhu ruangan dapat membuat nyaman karena dapat mengatur suhu dan kelembaban. Adanya analisis kinerja sistem refrigerasi untuk mengetahui apakah energi yang digunakan efektif. Analisa rugi daya chiller bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi aliran daya atau tegangan pada rangkaian chiller. Manfaat menganalisa rugi daya water chiller yaitu mengetahui kondisi keseluruhan sistem chiller di gedung SCTV. Rugi daya, daya aktif dan daya reaktif yang mengalir pada setiap saluran dalam sistem merupakan hal penting untuk diketahui. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah Software ETAP 12.6. Pada SCTV Tower dengan mengamati komponen yang digunakan perusahaan. Trafo induk dengan total kapasitas 250 Kva, memiliki 12 Bus serta motor chiller 195kW. Setelah mengetahui data selanjutnya, disesuaikan data asli dengan ETAP Data untuk dilakukan analisa. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai hambatan kabel pertama memiliki hambatan yang besar dibandingkan dengan kabel lainnya, pada flow report diketahui daya aktif sebesar 1,68MW, daya reaktif sebesar 0,169 MVAr, nilai load motor adalah 98,77%, kerugian daya aktif sebesar 13.0 kW dan memiliki kerugian daya reaktif sebesar 36.1 kVar. Dengan demikian kondisi kelistrikan pada chiller memiliki nilai faktor sebesar 98,77% terdapat 5 buah chiler, pada salah satunya digunakan untuk cadangan.
Образ Петра I в «Записках Императорского Русского географического общества»
Authors: Прокофьева Наталья Анатольевна , Щеглова Екатерина Александровна 
Published: May 2023

Год юбилея Петра I проходит под знаком большого внимания к персоне первого российского императора. Это предопределяет разносторонний интерес к образу Петра Великого, в том числе в аспекте его создания и мифологизации в периодических изданиях, начиная с XVIII века. Несмотря на неспадающий интерес к персоне Петра Великого, особенности репрезентации его образа в географических изданиях не попадали в сферу внимания исследователей. А в то же время географические издания как часть общего публицистического дискурса представляют необыкновенный интерес как периодические издания, в которых освещается неочевидная, но значимая в политическом отношении грань деятельности правителя. В связи с этим целью данного исследования является анализ речевой репрезентации образа Петра I в географических изданиях XIX века. Для проведения анализа был выбран лингвостилистический аспект, соединяющий в себе интенционально-стилистический анализ и диахронический метод исследования. Результатом такого анализа стало формирование представления о неизвестной грани образа первого российского императора, выделены основные коммуникативные векторы создания образа Петра I в «Записках Императорского Русского географического общества», описаны способы речевой репрезентации образа первого лица государства в периодике XIX века, а также проанализирована специфика формирования положительнооценочных значений. В целом можно сказать, что новым представляется как сам материал, так и системный подход к его описанию и обобщению.
Встречи с Утопией
Authors: Трунов Анатолий Анатольевич , Олещенко Екатерина Олеговна 
Published: May 2023

Т.С. Паниотова внесла значительный вклад в научное осмысление генезиса и эволюции утопического дискурса в Европе, Латинской Америке и России. Статьи и переводы Т.С. Паниотовой позволяют исследовать диалектику реального и фантастического, воображаемого и действительного, случайного и закономерного в утопиях Ренессанса и Нового времени. Разработанная ею категория утопического императива позволяет осуществить деконструкцию смыслового ядра классических и неклассических утопий. Значительный научный интерес также представляет предложенная ею концепция, которая позволяет исследовать влияние реальности на утопии и утопий на реальность.
Architecture as Precarity: Edith Wharton’s Haunted Hudson River Bracketed
Authors: Buchanan-King Mindy 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article argues that Wharton—an influential presence in the design and architectural world thanks to such publications as The Decoration of Houses—invented the title of her 1929 novel, Hudson River Bracketed, for the purpose of using architecture to explore the precarity of the past. Herein, precarity is used to convey risk, decay, destruction, and instability. Her invention thus emphasizes not only the continued significance of architecture to Wharton; it underscores her awareness of and engagement with the risks and destruction possible in the space of the past. Accordingly, this article seeks to interpret Hudson as a ghost story, one that centers on her haunted Hudson River Bracketed house, the Willows. While most critics envisage the Willows as a venerable monument of the past, this article analyzes the Willows as operating within a Gothic framework borrowed from the likes of Poe. As the author suggests through a history of Wharton’s construction of the architectural title, its more sinister meanings, and its connection with the past—paired with image analyses and close readings—Wharton ultimately uses the Gothic trope of the haunted house as a way of more personally reflecting on her own position as an aging writer in her post–Age of Innocence career.
Wharton’s Revision of Guardian-Ward Romance Fiction in Summer
Authors: Wilson Michael T. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article analyzes the way that Wharton’s Summer both engages with and revises a relatively common trope of popular nineteenth- and early twentieth-century American fiction centered on romance, the romance between a male guardian and his female ward. To do so, it also analyzes the trope in a range of those other novels, including William J. Locke’s 1905 The Morals of Marcus Ordeyne (so popular that it became a play and then a motion picture), Jean Webster’s 1912 Daddy Long-Legs, and Ethel M. Kelley’s 1917 Turn About Eleanor. Each of these other novels generally obscures or indeed celebrates the uneven power dynamics and age relationships of such couplings, sometimes to quite remarkable degrees, and in ways that foreground the “romantic” elements of the romance fiction genre. In Summer, Wharton, by partially but not entirely revising them, instead recasts the conventions of a guardian-ward romance to force the logical and emotional contradictions of the hierarchies of power coercively inherent in the limited female autonomy of such wards to the surface.