bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure of the residual corticofugal projection from primary motor cortex in chronic stroke
Authors: Bikmal Saket , Liu Fang , Moon Chan Hong , Urbin Michael A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Movement dysfunction after stroke is largely due to the inability of cortical motor neurons to activate spinal motor neurons via transmission of descending motor commands along the corticofugal projection from the primary motor cortex. Pathophysiological processes that ensue following injury have mostly resolved and white matter volume within the remodelled tract has mostly stabilized by the chronic stage many months to years after symptom onset. Where along the cranial course of the residual corticofugal projection white matter microstructure explains potential to activate muscles weakened by stroke at this stage is still not well understood. Here, diffusion spectrum imaging was used to reconstruct the descending corticofugal projection and quantify its microstructure in stroke survivors (n = 25) with longstanding hand impairment (7.7 ± 6.5 years). Portions of the residual tract overlapping with abnormalities on structural images were defined as the ‘Overlap’ compartment, and portions above and below this compartment were defined as ‘Rostral’ and ‘Caudal’ compartments, respectively. Maximal precision grip force and size of motor-evoked potentials elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation were used to quantify activation of paretic hand muscles. Coherence of fibre anisotropy and directional diffusivities between tracts in either cerebral hemisphere was reduced in stroke survivors relative to neurologically-intact controls, with most abnormal asymmetries observed in the ‘Overlap’ compartment. While differences in fibre anisotropy and diffusivity between residual and intact tracts were detected most prominently in the ‘Overlap’ compartment, the overall magnitude of unrestricted diffusion within the ‘Caudal’ compartment was most closely linked to paretic muscle activation. The ability of cortical motor neurons to access spinal motor neuron pools long after stroke onset is therefore associated with microstructural integrity in portions of the residual corticofugal projection subject to secondary degeneration. These findings expand knowledge on white matter adaptation in response to neurological injury and may inform applications that seek to reverse brain pathology long after stroke onset when movement dysfunction tends to persist.
A cycle of complications: a case report on trastuzumab-induced takotsubo cardiomyopathy causing left ventricular thrombosis complicated by thromboembolic stroke
Authors: Patel Vidhi , Okan Tetyana , Yee Jia L , Patel Jagruti 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Left ventricular thrombus (LVT) formation is an uncommon phenomenon, typically observed in acute cardiac settings and hypercoagulable states. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is a reversible condition originally thought to be linked to immense emotional stress. The occurrence of chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity presenting with TC and LVT formation is a relatively new concept that remains not fully understood.

Case summary
We present the case of a 77-year-old woman with Stage IV breast cancer being treated with trastuzumab and capecitabine therapy, who presented to our hospital with symptoms of right-sided weakness, facial droop, and slurred speech. She was admitted for acute left frontal lobe infarction due to an occluded distal left posterior M2 branch of the left middle cerebral artery. As part of thromboembolic stroke work-up, transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) was obtained, which showed moderately to severely decreased left ventricular systolic function (LVEF 35%) with wall motion abnormalities suggestive of TC and a 0.9 × 1 cm echogenic structure in the LV consistent with LVT. She was started on therapeutic anticoagulation and was discharged on oral warfarin with international normalized ratio (INR) goal of 2-3. Both capecitabine and trastuzumab were held during her hospitalization. Repeat TTE after 2 weeks showed an LVEF of 60% with normal LV systolic function and absence of any LVT. Symptoms-wise her right-sided weakness was improving. She was continued on capecitabine and warfarin for now, and continued to follow-up outpatient with oncology, cardiology and neurology.

Discussion
This case highlights TC and LVT as rare but life-threatening complications of trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity. We emphasize the importance of early diagnosis to prevent further complications, such as acute thromboembolic stroke, and the necessity of prompt therapeutic interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality. Additionally, we address the multifactorial aetiology of TC and the need for frequent TTE monitoring in patients undergoing trastuzumab therapy to diagnose these complications early.
Epicardial connection between superior vena cava and right atrium contributes to subsequent atrial fibrillation: a case report
Authors: Otsubo Shunya , Takemoto Masao , Nyuta Eiji , Tsuchihashi Takuya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The superior vena cava (SVC) acts as a non-pulmonary vein (PV) trigger for atrial fibrillation (AF) in 2%–6% of patients and harbours 25%–40% of non-PV foci. Approximately 10% of patients with AF have epicardial connections (ECs) between the atrium and PV inside the PV isolation lines, which are associated with AF recurrence. However, the contribution of EC(s) between the SVC and right atrium (RA) to subsequent AF remains unknown.

Case summary
A 76-year-old woman underwent ablation for recurrent AF. She had undergone cryo-balloon ablation for paroxysmal AF 3 years previously. After confirming the complete entrance and exit blocks of the four PVs, SVC firing-induced AF was observed. After SVC isolation, the EC between the SVC and RA was observed. No AF was induced after EC ablation.

Discussion
Although the mechanisms of ECs in the SVC and RA have not been entirely elucidated, several potential mechanisms have been proposed. (i) Anatomically inherited myofibres/bundles may run through the epicardial side between the SVC and RA. (ii) Epicardial connections between the right PV and the SVC or RA have been recently reported. Thus, we might speculate on the possibility of the existence of EC(s) between the right PV and both the SVC and RA. After cryoablation in the first session, the connection between the SVC and RA remained, which might have acted as EC(s). Thus, physicians should consider the possibility of EC(s) when remaining potentials in the SVC are observed, even though the SVC isolation line seems to be completed.
Chemical structure of lipoteichoic acid in the probiotic strain Latilactobacillus curvatus CP2998
Authors: Shiraishi Tsukasa , Katsuki Ryo , Kumeta Hiroyuki , Sakata Shinji , Yokota Shin-ichi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Latilactobacillus curvatus, found in various fermented foods, is a promising probiotic with unique health benefits. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a characteristic amphiphilic surface polymer of Gram-positive bacteria and exhibits immunomodulatory activities. Despite the structural diversity of LTA among different bacterial species and strains, no information is available on the chemical structure of LTA in L. curvatus. In this study, we aimed to determine the structure of LTA isolated from L. curvatus CP2998. One- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of intact LTA revealed that LTA had a glycerolphosphate polymer as a hydrophilic main chain with partial substitutions of α-linked glucose and d-alanine at the hydroxy group at position 2 of the glycerol residue. The anchor glycolipid fraction was obtained by hydrofluoric acid treatment. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry spectrum of the anchor glycolipid revealed that it contained diglucosyldiacylglycerol and diglucosylmonoacylglycerol. Our results suggest that L. curvatus CP2998 possesses a typical type I LTA structure; however, the lactic acid bacteria-specific anchor glycolipid structures, such as tri- or tetra-saccharides and three fatty acid residues, were not identified.
Radical Right Dystopias in the Global Culture Wars
Authors: Abrahamsen Rita , Williams Michael C 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Despite the pervasive description of our times as dystopian, the disciplines of political theory and international relations seldom consider the political power of dystopian imaginaries. This article seeks to remedy this neglect by focusing on the radical Right's invocation of dystopias. These dystopian narratives go beyond mere scaremongering and constitute instead “critical dystopias” that follow a distinct grammar rooted in the radical Right's ideological critique of managerialism and liberal globalization. They express the radical Right's fear of liberalism, exploiting the latent dystopian possibilities in the liberal present. Promoted by right-wing influencers and media pundits, critical dystopias translate theoretical and ideological interpretations of social and political life into globally mobile, everyday infotainment readily accessible to broader, global audiences. As such, radical Right dystopias are affective strategies in a global culture war that may help (re)produce and reinforce political subjectivities, identities, and geopolitical imaginaries. They provide a window on the global appeal and interconnectedness of the radical Right and serve as a reminder of the importance of emotions and affect in international politics.
Adaptation of the WHO AWaRe (Access, Watch, Reserve) antibiotic classification to support national antimicrobial stewardship priorities in the UK: findings from a modified Delphi approach to achieve expert consensus
Authors: Bou-Antoun Sabine , Oettle Rebecca C , Leanord Alistair , Seaton Ronald Andrew , Cooper Ben S , Muller-Pebody Berit , Conlon-Bingham Geraldine , Kerr Frances , Hand Kieran S , Sandoe Jonathan A T , Llewelyn Martin J , Fleming Naomi , Brown Nicholas M , Reid Nicholas , Howard Philip , Mckinstry Sarah-Jayne , Malcolm William , Demirjian Alicia , Ashiru-Oredope Diane 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
In 2017, the WHO introduced the AWaRe (Access, Watch and Reserve) classification of antibiotics to support antibiotic stewardship (AMS) at local, national and global levels. We assessed the categorization of each of the antibiotics for systemic use for antimicrobial stewardship and quality improvement practice across primary and secondary care in the UK, proposing a nationally adapted UK-AWaRe classification.

Methods
A four-stage modified Delphi survey was conducted to review the AWaRe classifications in light of antibiotic resistance profiles, antibiotic use and stewardship practice in the UK. Recommendations were iteratively discussed and consensus reached on how to adapt the WHO AWaRe list. Implications of the proposed new categorization for possible antibiotic usage targets were assessed using England national antibiotic consumption data as a case study.

Results
Sixty-one experts across the four UK nations participated in the modified Delphi process. Consensus was most easily reached, with least between-expert variation, for Access antibiotics. Seventeen antibiotics differed in categorization when comparing proposed adapted UK-AWaRe classification and the 2023 WHO AWaRe classification. Through the focus group discussions, the importance of clear messaging was highlighted for the proposed move of first-generation cephalosporins into the Access category, a step-change from the 2019 England AWaRe classification, where all cephalosporins were in the Watch category. From the case study analysis of national data in England, Access antibiotics accounted for &gt;60% of human antibiotic use between 2018 and 2022, 69.7% when using the WHO 2023 classification and 63.7% with the proposed UK-adapted 2024 classification.

Conclusions
An adapted UK-AWaRe list has been suggested through a consensus-reaching process. This will support national AMS and antibiotic usage targets of the UK antimicrobial resistance 2024–29 national action plan.
Operation Baby Drop: Lessons Learned From Military International Air Transport of Critically Ill Neonate
Authors: Mullin Kaitlyn , Okonek Elizabeth , Krick Jeanne 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Military medical transport is unique due to its frequent long-distance travel with limited supplies and capabilities. Military neonatal transport is perhaps even more niche, and descriptions in the literature are rare. A military neonatal team transported a 1-month-old former 26-week infant from a forward-deployed non-combat setting. Due to complications in-flight, the infant could only be safely transported from the deployed setting to the refueling stop. This report is a descriptive analysis of the transport, including lessons learned that may help future teams plan for possible complications that can occur during neonatal transports.
Tracing star formation across cosmic time at tens of parsec-scales in the lensing cluster field Abell 2744
Authors: Claeyssens Adélaïde , Adamo Angela , Messa Matteo , Dessauges-Zavadsky Miroslava , Richard Johan , Kramarenko Ivan , Matthee Jorryt , Naidu Rohan P 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
We present a sample of 1956 individual stellar clumps at redshift $0.7\lt z\lt 10$, detected with JWST/NIRCam in 476 galaxies lensed by the galaxy cluster Abell2744. The lensed clumps present magnifications ranging between $\mu$ = 1.8 and $\mu$ = 300. We perform simultaneous size-photometry estimates in 20 JWST/NIRCam median and broad-band filters from 0.7 to 5 $\mu$m. Spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting analyses enable us to recover the physical properties of the clumps. The majority of the clumps are spatially resolved and have effective radii in the range $\rm {\it R}_{eff} = 10 {\!-\!} 700 \ pc$. We restrict this first study to the 1751 post-reionization era clumps with redshift $\lt 5.5$. We find a significant evolution of the average clump ages, star formation rates (SFRs), SFR surface densities, and metallicity with increasing redshift, while median stellar mass and stellar mass surface densities are similar in the probed redshift range. We observe a strong correlation between the clump properties and the properties of their host galaxies, with more massive galaxies hosting more massive and older clumps. We find that clumps closer to their host galactic centre are on average more massive, while their ages do not show clear sign of migration. We find that clumps at cosmic noon sample the upper-mass end of the mass function to higher masses than at $z\gt 3$, reflecting the rapid increase towards the peak of the cosmic star formation history. We conclude that the results achieved over the studied redshift range are in agreement with expectation of in situ clump formation scenario from large-scale disc fragmentation.
Fully comprehensive diagnostic of galaxy activity using principal components of visible spectra: implementation on nearby S0s
Authors: Tous J L , Solanes J M , Perea J D 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
We introduce a novel galaxy classification methodology based on the visible spectra of a sample of over 68 000 nearby ($z\le 0.1$) Sloan Digital Sky Survey lenticular (S0) galaxies. Unlike traditional diagnostic diagrams, which rely on a limited set of emission lines and class dividers to identify ionizing sources, our approach provides a comprehensive framework for characterizing galaxies regardless of their activity level. By projecting galaxies into the 2D latent space defined by the first three principal components (PCs) of their entire visible spectra, our method remains robust even when data from individual emission lines are missing. We employ Gaussian kernel density estimates of the classical Baldwin–Phillips–Terlevich (BPT) activity classes in the new classification subspace, adjusted according to their relative abundance in our S0 sample, to generate probability maps for star-forming, Seyfert, composite, and low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER) galaxies. These maps closely mirror the canonical distribution of BPT classes shown by the entire galaxy population, demonstrating that our PC-based taxonomy effectively predicts the dominant ionizing mechanisms through a probabilistic approach that provides a realistic reflection of galaxy activity and allows for refined class membership. Our analysis further reveals that flux-limited BPT-like diagrams are inherently biased against composite and star-forming galaxies due to their weaker [O iii] emission. Besides, it suggests that although most low-activity galaxies excluded from these diagnostics exhibit visual spectra with LINER-like characteristics, their remaining activity is likely driven by mechanisms unrelated to either star formation or supermassive black hole accretion. A machine-readable catalogue listing BPT-class probabilities for the galaxies analysed is publicly released with this article.
Mapping the spatial atlas of the human bone tissue integrating spatial and single-cell transcriptomics
Authors: Lin Weiqiang , Li Yisu , Qiu Chuan , Zou Binghao , Gong Yun , Zhang Xiao , Tian Di , Sherman William , Sanchez Fernando , Wu Di , Su Kuan-Jui , Xiao Xinyi , Luo Zhe , Tian Qing , Chen Yiping , Shen Hui , Deng Hongwen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bone is a multifaceted tissue requiring orchestrated interplays of diverse cells within specialized microenvironments. Although significant progress has been made in understanding cellular and molecular mechanisms of component cells of bone, revealing their spatial organization and interactions in native bone tissue microenvironment is crucial for advancing precision medicine, as they govern fundamental signaling pathways and functional dependencies among various bone cells. In this study, we present the first integrative high-resolution map of human bone and bone marrow, using spatial and single-cell transcriptomics profiling from femoral tissue. This multi-modal approach discovered a novel bone formation-specialized niche enriched with osteoblastic lineage cells and fibroblasts and unveiled critical cell–cell communications and co-localization patterns between osteoblastic lineage cells and other cells. Furthermore, we discovered a novel spatial gradient of cellular composition, gene expression and signaling pathway activities radiating from the trabecular bone. This comprehensive atlas delineates the intricate bone cellular architecture and illuminates key molecular processes and dependencies among cells that coordinate bone metabolism. In sum, our study provides an essential reference for the field of bone biology and lays the foundation for advanced mechanistic studies and precision medicine approaches in bone-related disorders.
Embedding a ribonuclease in the spore crust couples gene expression to spore development in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: D’Halluin Alexandre , Gilet Laetitia , Lablaine Armand , Pellegrini Olivier , Serrano Mónica , Tolcan Anastasia , Ventroux Magali , Durand Sylvain , Hamon Marion , Henriques Adriano O , Carballido-López Rut , Condon Ciarán 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Faced with nutritional stress, some bacteria form endospores capable of enduring extreme conditions for long periods of time; yet the function of many proteins expressed during sporulation remains a mystery. We identify one such protein, KapD, as a 3′-exoribonuclease expressed under control of the mother cell-specific transcription factors SigE and SigK in Bacillus subtilis. KapD dynamically assembles over the spore surface through a direct interaction with the major crust protein CotY. KapD catalytic activity is essential for normal adhesiveness of spore surface layers. We identify the sigK mRNA as a key KapD substrate and and show that the stability of this transcript is regulated by CotY-mediated sequestration of KapD. SigK is tightly controlled through excision of a prophage-like element, transcriptional regulation and the removal of an inhibitory pro-sequence. Our findings uncover a fourth, post-transcriptional layer of control of sigK expression that couples late-stage gene expression in the mother cell to spore morphogenesis.
Nonlinear regulatory dynamics of bacterial restriction-modification systems modulates horizontal gene transfer susceptibility
Authors: Djordjevic Magdalena , Zivkovic Lidija , Ou Hong-Yu , Djordjevic Marko 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Type II restriction-modification (R–M) systems play a pivotal role in bacterial defense against invading DNA, influencing the spread of pathogenic traits. These systems often involve coordinated expression of a regulatory protein (C) with restriction (R) enzymes, employing complex feedback loops for regulation. Recent studies highlight the crucial balance between R and M enzymes in controlling horizontal gene transfer (HGT). This manuscript introduces a mathematical model reflecting R–M system dynamics, informed by biophysical evidence, to minimize reliance on arbitrary parameters. Our analysis clarifies the observed variations in M-to-R ratios, emphasizing the regulatory role of the C protein. We analytically derived a stability diagram for C-regulated R–M systems, offering a more straightforward analysis method over traditional numerical approaches. Our findings reveal conditions leading to both monostability and bistability, linking changes in the M-to-R ratio to factors like cell division timing and plasmid replication rates. These variations may link adjusting defense against phage infection, or the acquisition of new genes such as antibiotic resistance determinants, to changing physiological conditions. We also performed stochastic simulations to show that system regulation may significantly increase M-to-R ratio variability, providing an additional mechanism to generate heterogeneity in bacterial population.
Modular organization of enhancer network provides transcriptional robustness in mammalian development
Authors: Lin Hongli , Ye Xinyun , Chen Wenyan , Hong Danni , Liu Lifang , Chen Feng , Sun Ning , Ye Keying , Hong Jizhou , Zhang Yalin , Lu Falong , Li Lei , Huang Jialiang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Enhancer clusters, pivotal in mammalian development and diseases, can organize as enhancer networks to control cell identity and disease genes; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unexplored. Here, we introduce eNet 2.0, a comprehensive tool for enhancer networks analysis during development and diseases based on single-cell chromatin accessibility data. eNet 2.0 extends our previous work eNet 1.0 by adding network topology, comparison and dynamics analyses to its network construction function. We reveal modularly organized enhancer networks, where inter-module interactions synergistically affect gene expression. Moreover, network alterations correlate with abnormal and dynamic gene expression in disease and development. eNet 2.0 is robust across diverse datasets. To facilitate application, we introduce eNetDB (https://enetdb.huanglabxmu.com), an enhancer network database leveraging extensive scATAC-seq (single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing) datasets from human and mouse tissues. Together, our work provides a powerful computational tool and reveals that modularly organized enhancer networks contribute to gene expression robustness in mammalian development and diseases.