bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Robustness of Coated-Ag Wire Bonding
Authors: Murali Sarangapani , Evonne Lim Yee Weon , Mariyappan Dhayalan , Wan Lo Miew , Joanne Chong Mei Hoe , Kumar Balasubramanian Senthil , Sungsig SS Kang 
Published: May 2023

Formation of free air ball (FAB) within the range of certain processing parameters leads to excellent bondability (distributed intermetallic coverage (IMC) at the center and periphery of the bonded ball interface, bonded ball concentricity, etc.) on bonding to aluminum (Al) bond pad and Au/Ag plated surfaces. The wire revealed zero stoppage and 0.8M bond touchdowns when tested under laboratory conditions. Thermal aging of bonded interface showed absence of Kirkendall voids until 192h at 250°C where Al diffuses into Ag bonded ball up to a depth of 5.3µm, consuming the complete Al bond pad and thus transforming into silver-aluminide containing 5 to 12wt% of Al and rest silver (Ag). Traces of coated gold (Au) and alloyed palladium (Pd) are noticed at the bond interface.
Digital Twins and Smart Manufacturing for Wire Bonding
Authors: Milton Basil , Cathcart Ray , Kwon Odal , Shusharin Pavel , Qin Ivy 
Published: May 2023

Low cost, excellent flexibility, and high yield rate have long been the drivers of wire bonding technology. In the past decade, advancements in wire bonding technology have significantly improved wire bond reliability and strengthened the adoption of the technology while maintaining its competitive advantage. Digital twins of wire bonding can now simulate and optimize 3D wire loop shapes to facilitate design-for-manufacturing (DFM), increase design flexibility, reduce product development time, and improve overall package yields. In particular, the benefits of digital twins have been realized in system-in-package (SiPs), large stack-die memory applications, and complex high pin count packages with multiple looping tiers. With increasing package complexity and modular package configurations, the need for smarter functionalities is imperative. More recently, technological developments in wire bonding have been targeted toward furthering design, quality, and time-to-market (TTM) from an Industry 4.0 smart manufacturing perspective. In this paper, we will introduce new digital twin simulation techniques to detect potential interference between wire bond capillaries and wire loops, various dies, passive components, and other structures within the package. These advanced capabilities are demonstrated on a real application and shown to help in the detection of design issues early in the product cycle and aid in the selection of capillary, wire, as well as optimization of the package layout. All these factors significantly improve the overall TTM of semiconductor packages. Technologies that provide improvements via autonomous monitoring and optimization are also strongly desired. We will also explore new on-bonder process monitoring capabilities to detect wire sway such that wire shorts and resultant yield losses can be minimized. Additionally, vision-guided enhancements to on-bonder loop height monitoring capabilities will also be discussed. These new advancements significantly improve production quality and yield, paving the way for smarter factories
Metal Oxide Removal Using Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Technology for Electronic Applications
Authors: Pappas Daphne , Sy Andrew , Robinson Ryan , Burke Richard 
Published: May 2023

Copper is one of the most commonly used metals in the electronics industry. For example, it is extensively used as a lead frame material in integrated circuit packaging due to its superior thermal and electrical conductivity and low production cost. However, the formation of a native oxide on the surface along with the presence of organic contaminants hinder wire bond strength. The work presented here will focus on a novel approach to remove copper and other oxide layers using a nitrogen/hydrogen (95%/5%) gas plasma chemistry that does not require a vacuum environment. The processes are run at temperature conditions lower than 200°C, and at speed up to 150 mm/s which make the technology attractive for industrial upscaling. Results from the elemental analysis using scanning electron microscopy (EDS-SEM) of the plasma-treated versus as-received copper surfaces will be presented. Also, a brief analysis of the gas plasma-surface interactions, process parameters leading to oxide reduction of various metals (Cu, Sn) and equipment details will be discussed. Aside from improving wire bond strength to lead frames and pads, plasmas can be used to improve die attachment to various metal solder materials for flip chip and other electronic applications.
Prevalence of internalized stigma in patients with psychiatric illness in Abha, Southern Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Zarbah Abdulmajeed A. , Al Alfard Hayfa A. , Alamri Hassan S. , Al Edrees Nada , Alshahrani Nouf S. , Alshehri Ali F. 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:
Mental stigma occurs when patients with various mental disorders are labeled by their disorders. Little is known about the burden of mental stigma on patients with mental disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of mental stigma on patients with psychiatric disorder in Saudi Arabia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among previously diagnosed patients with any psychiatric disorder attending King Khalid Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia. The patients were interviewed with a sociodemographic questionnaire and a validated Arabic version of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI-29) scale. Chi-square test and t-test were used to assess the association between various demographic characteristics and presence of stigma.

RESULTS:
The study included 489 patients with different psychiatric disorders. The mean age of the participants was 32.8 years and 54.6% were females. About 39% participants showed no to minimal internalized stigma, 37.4% of total sample had mild stigma, 20% had moderate stigma, and 3.7% had severe stigma. A signficantly higher proportion (71.4%) of widowed patients had stigma (P = 0.032).

CONCLUSION:
Self-stigma is prevalent among patients with psychiatric disorders in Abha, Saudi Arabia, but lower than the prevalence in developing countries. Marital status has a significant impact on the prevalence and severity of the self-stigma of patients. There is a need for awareness program to reduce self-stigma. Psychiatric institutions should also focus on promotion of patients’ social life and increase patient’s awareness of certain issues that could prevent stigma.
Attitude of family medicine residents toward team-based care in primary healthcare centers in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Haji Alhan M. A. 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:
Team-based care (TBC) is becoming the standard method of delivering primary care services in Saudi Arabia. Family medicine residents are considered the future leaders who will apply the Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) strategic transformation plans in practice. The aim of this study was to assess the attitude of family medicine residents toward TBC and the factors associated with their current attitudes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional study was conducted between February and April 2022. The study targeted all Family Medicine residents rotating in primary healthcare centers of the Saudi MOH. A web-based survey was built using a modified version of the Attitudes Toward Health-Care Teams Scale. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Mann-Whitney U test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed to compare mean attitude scores between various study variables.

RESULTS:
The overall mean attitude score was 2.71; the mean scores for attitudes toward team value, team efficiency, and physicians shared role were 3.94, 2.47, and 1.71, respectively. The residents who had received TBC training had significantly higher mean scores for attitudes toward team value subscale compared to those who had no training (4.09 vs. 3.87, P = 0.038). Similarly, the mean score for same attitude subscale was significantly higher among those who practice TBC compared to those who do not (4.08 vs. 3.85, P = 0.038).

CONCLUSION:
The residents exhibited an overall positive attitude, especially toward team value; however, their understanding of physicians’ shared role in the team should be improved by training and practice with role models.
Efficient and Reliable Data Extraction in Radiation Oncology using Python Programming Language
Authors: Chauhan Rohit Singh , Pradhan Anirudh , Munshi Anusheel , Mohanti Bidhu Kalyan 
Published: May 2023

Background and Purpose:
In recent years, data science approaches have entered health-care systems such as radiology, pathology, and radiation oncology. In our pilot study, we developed an automated data mining approach to extract data from a treatment planning system (TPS) with high speed, maximum accuracy, and little human interaction. We compared the amount of time required for manual data extraction versus the automated data mining technique.

Materials and Methods:
A Python programming script was created to extract specified parameters and features pertaining to patients and treatment (a total of 25 features) from TPS. We successfully implemented automation in data mining, utilizing the application programming interface environment provided by the external beam radiation therapy equipment provider for the whole group of patients who were accepted for treatment.

Results:
This in-house Python-based script extracted selected features for 427 patients in 0.28 ± 0.03 min with 100% accuracy at an astonishing rate of 0.04 s/plan. Comparatively, manual extraction of 25 parameters took an average of 4.5 ± 0.33 min/plan, along with associated transcriptional and transpositional errors and missing data information. This new approach turned out to be 6850 times faster than the conventional approach. Manual feature extraction time increased by a factor of nearly 2.5 if we doubled the number of features extracted, whereas for the Python script, it increased by a factor of just 1.15.

Conclusion:
We conclude that our in-house developed Python script can extract plan data from TPS at a far higher speed (>6000 times) and with the best possible accuracy compared to manual data extraction.
Rotational Set Up Uncertainly in Non-6D Couch and its Effects in Clinical Target Volume- Planning Target Volume Margin Calculation for Different Sites
Authors: Robert Ngangom , Sehgal Tinish , Singh Ranjit , Oinam Arun , Trivedi Gaurav , Singh Budhi , Bahl Amit , Madan Renu , Rai Bhavana 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to estimate and incorporate rotational error to translational error for clinical target volume (CTV) to planning target volume (PTV) margin calculations for non-6D couch.

Materials and Methods:
The study involved cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of the patients who already had treatment in Varian Trilogy Clinac. The different sites studied were brain (70 patients, 406 CBCT images), head and neck (72 patients, 356 CBCT images), pelvis (83 patients, 606 CBCT images), and breast (45 patients, 163 CBCT images). Rotational and translational patient shifts were measured with the help of Varian eclipse offline review. The rotational shift introduces translational shift as it resolved along craniocaudal and mediolateral directions. Both rotational and translational error follow normal distribution and their respective errors were used to calculate CTV-PTV margin using van Herk model.

Results:
Rotational effect on CTV-PTV margin contribution increases with increase in size of CTV. It also increases with increase in distance between center of mass of CTV and isocenter. These margins were more pronounce in single isocenter supraclavicular fossa-Tangential Breast plans.

Conclusions:
There is always rotational error in all sites and it causes shift and rotation of the target. Rotational contribution to the CTV-PTV margin depends upon geometric center of CTV and isocenter distance and also on size of CTV. CTV-PTV margins should incorporate rotational error along with transitional error.
Prediction Factors of Radiation Esophagitis in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Supraclavicular Radiotherapy
Authors: Amin Soma Saeed Mohammed , Faraj Kharman Akarm , Ali Jalil Salih , Rahim Hawzhin Abdalla Hama , Yarahmadi Mehran 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to investigate demographic and dosimetric parameters which may link with esophagitis in patients with breast cancer receiving three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy to the supraclavicular fossa.

Materials and Methods:
We examined 27 breast cancer patients with supraclavicular metastases. All patients were treated with radiotherapy (RT) with a prescribed dose of 40.5 Gy in 15 fractions for 3 weeks. Esophagitis was recorded weekly and esophagus toxicity was evaluated and graded according to the tadiation therapy oncology group. The following factors were examined regarding their correlation with grade 1 or worse esophagitis by univariate and multivariate analyses: age, chemotherapy, smoking history, maximum dose (Dmax), mean dose (Dmean), esophagus volume receiving 10 Gy (V10), esophagus volume receiving 20 Gy (V20), and length of esophagus in the treatment field.

Results:
Of 27, 11 (40.7%) patients developed no esophageal irritation throughout therapy. Approximately half of the patients 13/27 (48.1%) had maximum grade 1 esophagitis. 2/27 (7.4%) patients had grade 2 esophagitis. The incidence of grade 3 esophagitis was (3.7%). Dmean, Dmax, V10, and V20 were 10.48 ± 5.10 Gy, 38.18 ± 5.12Gy, 29.83 ± 15.16, and 19.32 ± 10.01, respectively. Our results showed that Dmean, V10, and V20 were the significant factors for the development of esophagitis, whereas esophagitis was not significantly associated with the chemotherapy regimen, age, and smoking status.

Conclusions:
We found that Dmean, V10, and V20 correlated significantly with acute esophagitis. However, the chemotherapy regimen, age, and smoking status did not affect esophagitis development.
Validation of the Fabricated Cast Nylon Head Phantom for Stereotactic Radiosurgery End-to-End Test using Alanine Dosimeter
Authors: Intang Aungsumalin , Oonsiri Puntiwa , Kingkaew Sakda , Chatchumnan Nichakan , Oonsiri Sornjarod 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an alternative to surgery as it precisely delivers single-large doses to small tumors. Cast nylon is used in phantom due to its computed tomography (CT) number of about 56–95 HU, which is close to that of the soft tissue. Moreover, cast nylon is also more budget-friendly than the commercial phantoms.

Aims:
The aim of this study is to design and validate the fabricated cast nylon head phantom for SRS end-to-end test using an alanine dosimeter.

Materials and Methods:
The phantom was designed using cast nylon. It was initially created by a computer numerical control three-axis vertical machining center. Then, the cast nylon phantom was scanned using a CT simulator. Finally, the validation of the fabricated phantom using alanine dosimeter proficiency with four Varian LINAC machines was performed.

Results:
The fabricated phantom presented a CT number of 85–90 HU. The outcomes of VMAT SRS plans showed percentage dose differences from 0.24 to 1.55, whereas the percentage dose differences in organ at risk (OAR) were 0.09–10.80 due to the low-dose region. The distance between the target (position 2) and the brainstem (position 3) was 0.88 cm.

Conclusions:
Variation in dose for OAR is higher, which might be due to a high-dose gradient in the area where measurement was being conducted. The fabricated cast nylon end-to-end test head phantom had been suitably designed to image and irradiate during an end-to-end test for SRS using an alanine dosimeter.
Two failed trials of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): Is this rTMS-resistant OCD?
Authors: Joseph Jithin T , Jammigumpula Ashok , Manibettu Vidyashree S , Purohith Abhiram Narasimhan , Shenoy Sonia , Praharaj Samir Kumar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Treatment options for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) includes serotonergic medications and cognitive-behavioral therapy, however, many patients show poor response to treatment. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive intervention which has shown some efficacy in OCD, and newer treatment protocols are being studied. We report a case of treatment-resistant OCD which did not improve with 20 sessions of high-frequency primed low frequency rTMS over supplementary motor area, and 15 sessions of accelerated continuous theta burst stimulation of the right frontal pole, raising the possibility of TMS-resistant OCD.
The day my Diya burnt out: The shadows that remain
Authors: Chandna Ateev Sudhir 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This short story takes the form of a journal entry where the author reflects on their life as a doctor. Growing up in a family of doctors and undergoing the rigorous training and selection processes of medicine conditioned them to be ruthlessly competitive and self-centred. However, their perspective shifts when their younger sister, also a medical student, unexpectedly takes her own life. The author realizes that despite being surrounded by doctors, they failed to recognize the signs of their sister’s mental health struggles and how they could have supported her. This traumatic experience leads the author to question the culture of medicine and the lack of emphasis on empathy and emotional support for both patients and fellow medical professionals. The story serves as a poignant reminder of the consequences of neglecting mental health and the importance of cultivating a more compassionate and understanding medical culture.
Change in substance use patterns and behaviors due to COVID-19 and related restrictions among patients seeking treatment for substance use
Authors: Chatterjee Biswadip , Das Nileswar , Kattula Dheeraj , Kololichalil Anaf , Sarkar Siddharth 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and related restrictions have affected individuals with opioid use disorders who are on treatment by affecting the opioid agonist treatment services worldwide. The study aimed to assess the changes in substance use patterns and associated behaviors among the patients on buprenorphine maintenance treatment (BMT) due to the first wave of COVID-19 in India (March–September 2020).

Materials and Methods:
The cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a community-based drug treatment center situated in northern India serving a slum population. Male opioid-dependent patients (n = 94), maintained on BMT for at least a year before the start of the COVID-related restrictions in India, were assessed for use of illicit opioids, diverted opioid agonist medications and other psychoactive substances, lapses, compliance to BMT, high-risk behaviors, socio-occupational and mental health, and impact of COVID-19 by comparing it with the immediate pre-COVID period (September 2019–February 2020).

Result:
There was no significant increase in the use of illicit opioid use, spending on illicit opioids, and lapse rate. Though treatment break was seen in 39.4% of subjects at the start of the COVID-19 restrictions, the proportion of those abstinent from illicit opioids remained constant. No significant increase in the use of illegally diverted buprenorphine and other substance use was noted. More than half (56.4%) of the patients abstained from all substances (excluding tobacco). However, a significantly higher proportion of participants reported financial loss, unemployment, and frequent anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID period.

Conclusion:
The study demonstrated that despite the restrictions, continuing treatment service can help retain patients, keep them abstinent, prevent other high-risk behaviors, and help them tide over economic hardships.
Clozapine for management of bipolar disorder: A case series
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Redhu Promil 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Clozapine is considered to be the treatment of choice in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. However, there is little information on the use of clozapine in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), especially in India. The aim of this paper is to present four cases of BD who were having frequent relapses while on a combination of two mood stabilizers and an antipsychotic medication, whose frequency of episodes reduced significantly after starting clozapine. Four patients with treatment-resistant BD (i.e., lack of response to a combination of two mood stabilizers) with a history of frequent suicidal behavior (in two patients) and marked aggression (in two patients) were managed with a combination of a mood stabilizer and clozapine (three patients) or combination of antidepressant and clozapine. The addition of clozapine led to the remission of hypomanic/manic episodes in all the patients. Three of the four patients who were followed for 3.5–8 years had a marked reduction in the number of episodes of either polarity, suicidality, aggression, and medication load. One patient who was followed up for 3 months also reported remission of manic symptoms and reduction in aggression. This report suggest that clozapine can be a helpful treatment option in patients with BD, especially those with treatment-resistant BD who usually do not respond adequately to other medications. Additionally, the use of clozapine in patients with BD is also associated with reduced self-harm behavior, aggression, and medication load.
Comparative efficacy of amisulpride and risperidone in schizophrenia with predominantly negative symptoms: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Alam Mohammad Tariqul , Ahmed Helal Uddin , Sarkar Mekhala , Khan Niaz Mohammad , Sarkar Ahsan Aziz 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Negative symptoms are core components of schizophrenia and can cause significant long-term functional handicap, severely impair the quality of life of both the patient and the caregivers and place a substantial burden on society. There are only a handful of studies comparing the efficacy of amisulpride and risperidone in schizophrenia with predominantly negative symptoms.

Materials and Methods:
This single-center, single-blind, randomized 90-day long clinical trial enrolled 64 patients who received either amisulpride (150-300 mg/day) or risperidone (4–8 mg/day) for 90 days. The Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), and Clinical Global Impression- Schizophrenia Scale (CHI-SCH) scales were used to assess patients.

Results:
There were significant declines in all three scale scores over the trial period of 90 days. There was no significant difference between the two groups in SANS, PANSS, and CGI-SCH scores at baseline, day 30, and day 90 of the trial. The higher proportion of patients on amisulpride showed a 30% and 50% score decline at day 30; but on day 90, both groups showed a similar proportion of declines.

Conclusion:
Amisulpride and risperidone showed similar efficacy at 90 days in schizophrenia patients with predominantly negative symptoms.
Folie a trois: In mother and her twin adolescent daughters: Case report
Authors: Pradhan Lopamudra , Sahu Pallabi , Swain Sarada Prasanna 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Shared psychotic disorder is not uncommon and affects different sets of people with different profiles. Here we present a case of a mother and her two dizygotic daughters who showed suspiciousness and social withdrawal. The case is unique as even after hailing from a well-educated family, the social stigma and lack of awareness caused a surplus lapse in treatment. Close association, female gender, suggestibility, and untreated medical conditions in the primary can act as psychopathological factors. In such situations, separation along with concurrent pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy is advocated emphasizing individualized treatment.