bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Worker Safety in High-risk Child Protection and Domestic Violence Cases
Authors: Tsantefski Menka , Humphreys Cathy , Wilde Tracy , Young Amy , Heward-Belle Susan , O’Leary Patrick 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Few studies have investigated how high-risk domestic and family violence perpetrators threaten staff, how organizations support staff, and whether communities of practice improve service coordination and the safety of workers and the families they serve. The purpose of this article is to explore worker safety among practitioners involved in high-risk domestic and family violence and child protection cases.

Methods
Participatory action research methodology was used to investigate and develop cross-sectoral workforce capacity at the intersection of domestic and family violence and child protection practice. This study, based in Queensland, Australia, drew on a subset of data from a larger study of communities of practice. Participants were 15 senior practitioners and team leaders from child protection, women’s and men’s domestic violence services, family support, and justice services. Data were collected in 2018. Data sources included ethnographic notes and transcripts from communities of practice and focus groups. Data were qualitatively analyzed.

Results
Five key themes emerged in the findings: risks to workers associated with the physical environment; advances in perpetrators’ use of technology; failings in police responses and the judicial system; a parallel process between workers’ and women’s responses to threats to their physical and psychological safety; and strategies for improving safety when working with high risk perpetrators of domestic and family violence.

Conclusions
Improving the physical and psychological safety of workers in high-risk domestic and family violence and child protection cases requires moving beyond intra-organizational policies and practices and addressing the inter-sectoral and systemic factors that increase risk and reduce safety for child and adult victim/survivors and workers.
Spatially explicit, quantitative reconstruction of past vegetation based on pollen or charcoal data as a tool for autecology of trees
Authors: Abraham Vojtěch , Man Matěj , Theuerkauf Martin , Pokorný Petr , Bobek Přemysl , Novák Jan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Context
The determination of autecological preferences based on long-term vegetation dynamics is hampered by the lack of realistic estimates for past occurrence and abundance patterns. Palaeoecological record has still rather character of points than spatially continuous maps.

Objectives
To infer long-term autecological preferences of trees from reconstructed vegetation. Compare reconstructions based on pollen and charcoals.

Methods
We employed to the regional training set of 58 sites the Extended Downscaling Approach (EDA) using nine topographic factors clustered in 8 habitat classes, data on pollen productivity estimates, fossil pollen, charcoal sequences from soil and archaeological contexts. Based on abundances and habitat preferences from the last 9 millennia, we calculated the autecological preferences of tree taxa, using multivariate statistics.

Results
The significant spatiotemporal patterns between soil-charcoal and pollen-based EDA validated the reconstruction, the use of both records in the EDA, and the EDA model. One of the topographic indices—vertical distance to channel network—evidenced the following: the closest taxon to the groundwater is Picea; Abies, Betula, Pinus and Quercus have intermediate distances; Fagus grows far from the channel network and Corylus even further.

Conclusions
The EDA model linked past forest composition to realistic topography. Such a spatially explicit reconstruction produced by our new algorithm allows inferring the relationship between past plant communities and environmental variables. The long-term preferences of tree species to habitat characteristics match their current autecological demands. This might be a breakthrough in quantitative plant paleoecology.
Solutions to the Knower Paradox in the Light of Haack’s Criteria
Authors: de Vos Mirjam , Verbrugge Rineke , Kooi Barteld 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe knower paradox states that the statement ‘We know that this statement is false’ leads to inconsistency. This article presents a fresh look at this paradox and some well-known solutions from the literature. Paul Égré discusses three possible solutions that modal provability logic provides for the paradox by surveying and comparing three different provability interpretations of modality, originally described by Skyrms, Anderson, and Solovay. In this article, some background is explained to clarify Égré’s solutions, all three of which hinge on intricacies of provability logic and its arithmetical interpretations. To check whether Égré’s solutions are satisfactory, we use the criteria for solutions to paradoxes defined by Susan Haack and we propose some refinements of them. This article aims to describe to what extent the knower paradox can be solved using provability logic and to what extent the solutions proposed in the literature satisfy Haack’s criteria. Finally, the article offers some reflections on the relation between knowledge, proof, and provability, as inspired by the knower paradox and its solutions.
Segregation of Neural Circuits Involved in Social Gaze and Non-Social Arrow Cues: Evidence from an Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis
Authors: Salera Claudia , Boccia Maddalena , Pecchinenda Anna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOrienting attention by social gaze cues shares some characteristics with orienting attention by non-social arrow cues, but it is unclear whether they rely on similar neural mechanisms. The present ALE-meta-analysis assessed the pattern of brain activation reported in 40 single experiments (18 with arrows, 22 with gaze), with a total number of 806 participants. Our findings show that the network for orienting attention by social gaze and by non-social arrow cues is in part functionally segregated. Orienting by both types of cues relies on the activity of brain regions involved in endogenous attention (the superior frontal gyrus). Importantly, only orienting by gaze cues was also associated with the activity of brain regions involved in exogenous attention (medial frontal gyrus), processing gaze, and mental state attribution (superior temporal sulcus, temporoparietal junction).
Physical and mental health status of women in disaster-affected areas in Bangladesh
Authors: Fatema Syadani Riyad , Rice Kylie , Rock Adam , Islam Md Shahidul , East Leah , Usher Kim 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite the increased risk of disasters in the Bangladesh, there is a dearth of research about women’s physical and mental health vulnerability following disasters. This study aimed to explore the physical and mental health status and associated risk factors of women in recurrent disaster-affected areas of Bangladesh. Participants (N = 408) were recruited using systematic random sampling from two purposively selected disaster-prone areas (Upazilas ofSagataandSarankhola), using a structured questionnaire conducted in person. Physical and mental health status was assessed using the health Short Form 12 (SF-12) measure that is comprised of both physical health (PCS-12) and mental health (MCS-12) subscales. Of the 408 participants, the mean scores on PCS-12 and MCS-12 subscales were 43.85 ± 28.04 and 37.70 ± 27.29, respectively, which were strongly correlated,r = .71,p < .001. Overall, 65.9% and 63.0% of total participants scored below the validated cut-off of PCS-12 and MCS-12 subscales which indicates both poor physical and mental health. The results indicated that physical and mental health were significantly poorer for the participants who witnessed casualties, lost family members or relatives, were relocated to shelters and sacrificed food during disasters. Moreover, poorer mental health scores were identified among participants who were physically injured and/or consulted a medical practitioner during or after the disaster. Accurate health knowledge is crucial for adequate and effective disaster preparation to decrease the health impacts on women in disaster-prone areas of Bangladesh. Research in this area is needed, and strategies to improve the public health status of women are warranted.
Turnover of non-polymeric leaf lipids in a loamy grassland soil
Authors: Warren Charles R. , Butler Orpheus M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Leaves constitute a large input of lipids to soil, yet comparatively little is known about the fate of leaf lipids in soil. Our aim was to explore the initial stages of degradation of leaf lipids, both the loss of intact lipid and subsequent mineralisation. We focussed on intracellular lipids – triacylglycerols implicated in storage, membrane lipids such as phospholipids and galactolipids, and pigments – because they collectively constitute more than 1% of leaf mass.

Methods
A mixture of U-13C lipids was extracted from leaves of wheat grown with 13CO2. The lipid mixture included the range of plant lipids soluble in organic solvent (e.g. free fatty acids, acylglycerols, pigments) but not polymeric lipids such as cutin and suberin. Mineralisation was deduced from 13CO2 efflux, while LC–MS examined degradation of intact 13C lipids.

Results
There was no delay before lipids were mineralised. Instead, mineralisation was significant within minutes and reached a maximum within three hours. There was rapid loss (i.e. degradation) of a broad range of intact lipids including phospholipids, galactolipids, pigments (chlorophylls), and triacylglycerols. Around two-thirds of added lipid-C was respired over the course of 15 days, with one-third of lipid-C persisting in soil.

Conclusions
Our study indicates that non-polymeric leaf lipids degrade quickly in soil, yet a fraction of lipid-C likely persisted in degradation products and/or microbial biomass. Persistence of lipid-C probably also reflected the presence of lipids that are more resistant to degradation (e.g. phaeophytins), and a fraction of added lipid being protected (e.g. by interaction with clays).

Graphical abstract
Property as an Asset of Resilience: Rethinking Ownership, Communities and Exclusion Through the Register of Resilience
Authors: Fox O’Mahony Lorna , Roark Marc L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article sets out a new conception of ‘property as an asset of resilience’. Building on Fineman’s emphasis on ‘webs’ of resilience, and applying insights from Actor-Network Theory and Resilient Property Theory, we examine how the rhetorical claims asserted by owners and non-owners, individually and collectively, and the ways that law recognizes and endorses those claims, affect the production of property-as-resilience. Applying Fineman’s framework, we argue that the ‘embodiment’ and ‘embeddedness’ of human vulnerability is revealed by the necessary and inevitable relationship we have with land, housing and place. Everyone—including homeless people—must ‘be’ somewhere (embodiment); however, it is our ability to access ‘assets of resilience’ through our social embeddedness in institutional structures and relationships that mitigates (or not) our experience and life opportunities. In this article we analyze the nature of real property as an asset of resilience, the consequences of exclusionary concepts of ownership for how resilience is allocated, and the implications for how we think and talk about ‘exclusion’ and ‘inclusion’ in property theories and property law. We consider the roles that states perform in the allocation of property as an asset of resilience: both directly, through the protection and enforcement of private property rights and official narratives about the nature of private property; and indirectly, as owners leverage the hinterland of privilege extended to ‘ownership’ and owners to deepen their own networks of resilience.
Williamson’s Abductive Case for the Material Conditional Account
Authors: van Rooij Robert , Krzyżanowska Karolina , Douven Igor 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInSuppose and Tell, Williamson makes a new and original attempt to defend the material conditional account of indicative conditionals. His overarching argument is that this account offers the best explanation of the data concerning how people evaluate and use such conditionals. We argue that Williamson overlooks several important alternative explanations, some of which appear to explain the relevant data at least as well as, or even better than, the material conditional account does. Along the way, we also show that Williamson errs at important junctures about what exactly the relevant data are.
Bangkok’s existing mixed fruit orchards are tree diversity hotspots for city greening
Authors: Davivongs Vudipong , Arifwidodo Sigit Dwiananto 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBangkok’s Inner Orchard (BIO), located in the west peri-urban area of the city, provides both fresh products and ecological benefits to its inhabitants. Although this unique forest-like cultivation of mixed fruit trees growing on dikes has the potential to become an urban forest, it has never been thoroughly investigated. Urban expansion is a threat to this orchard. Sustainable cities must maintain a balance between development and the environment. In this study, six orchards were surveyed by collecting data on tree species, plant height, crown width, and location and analyzed to identify the orchard areas covered by forest canopy and clarify the forest structure and tree species diversity in the orchards. Overall, 98.64% of the forest canopy within the orchard area was evaluated using cover analysis. Analysis of the forest structure of the BIO revealed that the average tree height was greater than that of common orchard trees. Tree diversity analysis showed an average Shannon index value of 2.53, indicating mid-range diversity. Older orchards showed a greater diversity of fruit tree species, whereas newer orchards, replanted after major flood and drought events, showed a lesser diversity of fruit tree species. In order to protect BIO on the long-term, it is essential to identify and apply appropriate conservation strategies. Including BIO areas in the Bangkok greening scheme would cause rapid increases in the green area per capita ratio. Both urban food forest and urban agriculture concepts could be applied to existing BIO orchards, which represent new urban green area types. BIO thus has the potential to act as an urban forest and tree diversity hotspot for Bangkok.
Survival of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus on environmental samples is affected by material type and incubation temperature
Authors: Koirala Sulove , Pantuzza Carolina , Costa Matheus de O. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStreptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus is an opportunistic pathogen associated with disease in a range of domestic and wild animals. Despite its importance, very limited data is available on its survival and persistence on the environment. The goal of this study was to evaluate survival of S. zooepidemicus under ideal culture conditions and farm-like setting, in various surface types. Rubber, plastic, wood, and concrete samples were sterilized and inoculated with 109 CFU/mL of S. zooepidemicus with or without feces, and cultured under ideal conditions (37 °C, 5% CO2) or farm-like settings (20oC on air) for a maximum period of 25 days (n = 3/material/environment/feces-group/time-point). Under ideal conditions without feces, the bacterium survived for up to 17 days on plastic and rubber surfaces, 4 days on wood and less than 1 day on concrete (P < 0.05 between materials). Samples under ideal conditions with feces and farm-like settings without feces were negative by day 1 post-inoculation, regardless of the surface material used. Wood and concrete allowed S. zooepidemicus persistence for up to 3 days under farm-like settings when feces were present. This data suggests that environmental persistence of S. zooepidemicus is affected by surface type and incubation temperature.
Neural Architecture Search for Dense Prediction Tasks in Computer Vision
Authors: Mohan Rohit , Elsken Thomas , Zela Arber , Metzen Jan Hendrik , Staffler Benedikt , Brox Thomas , Valada Abhinav , Hutter Frank 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe success of deep learning in recent years has lead to a rising demand for neural network architecture engineering. As a consequence, neural architecture search (NAS), which aims at automatically designing neural network architectures in a data-driven manner rather than manually, has evolved as a popular field of research. With the advent of weight sharing strategies across architectures, NAS has become applicable to a much wider range of problems. In particular, there are now many publications for dense prediction tasks in computer vision that require pixel-level predictions, such as semantic segmentation or object detection. These tasks come with novel challenges, such as higher memory footprints due to high-resolution data, learning multi-scale representations, longer training times, and more complex and larger neural architectures. In this manuscript, we provide an overview of NAS for dense prediction tasks by elaborating on these novel challenges and surveying ways to address them to ease future research and application of existing methods to novel problems.
Exploring the potential application of alternative nuclei in NMR based metabolomics
Authors: Sinclair Georgia M. , Oakes Sophie M. , Warden Andrew C. , Paten Amy M. , Jones Oliver A. H. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is widely used in metabolomics but it focusses on 1H over other NMR-active nuclei.

Objectives
To evaluate the potential of alternative NMR-sensitive nuclei to generate useful metabolomic data.

Method
Proton, carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen-based NMR metabolomics was undertaken on extracts from mint and European honey bee tissue.

Results
Carbon NMR provided useful information but required larger sample sizes. Phosphorus produced overlapping peaks in one dimensional (1D) analysis but showed potential in 2D experiments. 15N NMR was found to not be sensitive enough for general metabolomic work.

Conclusions
Alternative NMR active nuclei are useful for metabolomics.
The Evolution of the Age of Onset of Resistance to Infectious Disease
Authors: Buckingham Lydia J. , Ashby Ben 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMany organisms experience an increase in disease resistance as they age, but the time of life at which this change occurs varies. Increases in resistance are partially due to prior exposure and physiological constraints, but these cannot fully explain the observed patterns of age-related resistance. An alternative explanation is that developing resistance at an earlier age incurs costs to other life-history traits. Here, we explore how trade-offs with host reproduction or mortality affect the evolution of the onset of resistance, depending on when during the host’s life cycle the costs are paid (only when resistance is developing, only when resistant or throughout the lifetime). We find that the timing of the costs is crucial to determining evolutionary outcomes, often making the difference between resistance developing at an early or late age. Accurate modelling of biological systems therefore relies on knowing not only the shape of trade-offs but also when they take effect. We also find that the evolution of the rate of onset of resistance can result in evolutionary branching. This provides an alternative, possible evolutionary history of populations which are dimorphic in disease resistance, where the rate of onset of resistance has diversified rather than the level of resistance.
The lipoxygenase gene AfLOX4 of Amorpha fruticosa L. is a potential regulator of drought stress tolerance pathways under saline and alkaline conditions
Authors: Zhang Yiteng , Wang Kai , Wang Zhenyu , Li XiuFeng , Li Minghui , Zhu Fengjin , Majeed Zahid , Lan Xingguo , Guan Qingjie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLipoxygenase (LOX, EC1.13.11.12) catalyzes the oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and further generates oxylipins via enzymatic or non-enzymatic pathways, thus participating in the regulation of growth and development, stress response, and other processes. The objective of this research was to characterize the function and evaluate the mechanism of lipoxygenase gene AfLOX4’s role in enhancing drought tolerance. Transcriptomic data were generated and analyzed for the LOX gene, under different concentrations of drought (polyethylene glycol-6000) (PEG6000) and abscisic acid (ABA) stress treatment, to determine their effects on the expression of the AfLOX4 gene and its role in plant physiology. The localization of the AfLOX4 protein was detected through protoplast transformation. The expression of AfLOX4 in Amorpha fruticosa tissues was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Six LOX genes of A. fruticosa that showed an upregulated pattern under different concentrations of drought (PEG6000) stress were found via transcriptomic analysis and were named AfLOX1 ~ 6. The AfLOX4 protein was localized in the cytoplasm. AfLOX4 was expressed in the stems, roots, flowers, and leaves of Amorpha fruticosa L., and its expression level was the highest in leaves. The expression of AfLOX4 increased with the prolongation of stress time under different stresses. After ABA treatment, the germination rate of tobacco lines overexpressing AfLOX4 was significantly increased, while under NaHCO3 stress, the tolerance of tobacco plants overexpressing AfLOX4 was higher than that of wild-type tobacco. The tobacco with overexpression of the AfLOX4 gene detected by the natural drought method had a higher survival rate in the drought stress recovery experiment, and improved the drought tolerance of tobacco. This study reveals the function of the AfLOX4 gene in resisting drought stress and lays a solid theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement of Amorpha fruticosa L. plant varieties, as well as improvement of resource utilization.