bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypophosphatasie im Kindesalter
Authors: Hofmann Christine , Benoit Clemens , Girschick Hermann 
Published: May 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Hypophosphatasie (HPP) ist eine seltene genetische Erkrankung, welche infolge einer verminderten Alkalischen Phosphatase-Aktivität zu Problemen an Knochen, Muskeln, Zähnen, aber auch zahlreichen weiteren Organsystemen führen kann. Letztlich handelt es sich um eine metabolische Multisystemerkrankung mit sehr variablem klinischem Phänotyp bzw. Schweregrad, die alle Altersgruppen betreffen kann und zu einer signifikanten Mortalität und Morbidität bei den betroffenen Familien führt. Die klinische Verdachtsdiagnose kann durch laborchemische Untersuchungen (insbesondere die Bestimmung der AP-Aktivität), bildgebende Maßnahmen und eine humangenetische Testung erhärtet werden. Eine Anbindung betroffener Familien an ein erfahrenes Zentrum mit multidisziplinärer Betreuung erscheint sinnvoll. Die Enzymersatztherapie mit Asfotase alfa stellt eine zugelassene effektive und gut verträgliche Therapie zur Behandlung des „Knochenphänotyps“ dar. Langzeitdaten zu Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit sollen im Rahmen eines internationalen Registers erfasst werden.
Bromamine-T (TsNBrNa): A Biologically Significant, Versatile Bromo-Organic Reagent
Authors: Phukan Prodeep , Kashyap Sauvik 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBromamine-T (BAT) is a notable member of a special class of compounds called organic haloamines, which are oxidising agents. It can act as the source of halonium ions, hypohalite species, and N-anions, whilst also displaying basic and nucleophilic properties. Bromamine-T finds wide application as an efficient reagent for various organic transformations, such as aminobromination, amination, oxidation, and others. It can be used under mild conditions and has low toxicity. Moreover, due to its immense biological significance, this reagent is piquing the interest of many researchers.1	Introduction1.1	The Sodium Salt of N-Bromo-p-toluenesulfonamide (Bromamine-T or TsNBrNa): Reagent Overview1.2	Physical Properties of Bromamine-T1.3	Preparation and Characterisation of Bromamine-T2	Biological Significance of Bromamine-T3	Organic Transformations Using Bromamine-T3.1	Aminobromination3.2	Amination3.3	Aminohydroxylation3.4	Aziridination3.5	Bromination3.6	Oxidation: Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies4	Conclusion
Positional Differences in Muscle-to-bone Ratio in National Football
League Players
Authors: Dengel Donald R , Evanoff Nicholas G 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to examine the muscle-to-bone ratio (MBR) in
National Football League (NFL) players. Three hundred and forty-six NFL players
had their total body lean, fat and bone masses determined using dual X-ray
absorptiometry and were compared to 228 age-matched, healthy male controls.
Compared to the control group, NFL players had a significantly lower percent
total body fat (17.90±6.92 vs. 22.93±8.96%,
p=0.053), but significantly greater total fat mass (19.76±11.29
vs. 17.84±12.11 kg, p<0.0001), lean mass
(84.55±8.75 vs. 55.3±11.79 kg, p<0.0001), bone
mineral content (4.58±0.45 vs. 2.91±0.67 kg,
p<0.0001), and bone mineral density (1.61±0.11 vs.
1.26±0.21 g/cm2, p<0.0001). NFL
players had greater arm MBR (17.70±1.47 vs. 16.48±1.88,
p<0.0001) than controls; however, both trunk (26.62±2.55 vs.
31.56±4.19, p<0.0001) and total (18.50±1.31 vs.
19.12±1.88, p<0.001) MBR were lower in NFL players. Leg MBR was
not significantly different between NFL players and controls (16.72±1.53
vs. 16.85±1.87, p=0.34). When NFL players were categorized by
their offensive or defensive position for comparison, no differences in total
MBR were observed. However, leg MBR varied greatly among NFL players by
position. It is possible that regional differences in MBR in the NFL players may
be related to the demands of that position.
Lyonensinols A – C, 24-Norursane-Type Triterpenoids from the Twigs and Leaves of Lyonia doyonensis and Their Potential Anti-inflammatory and PTP1B Inhibitory
Activities
Authors: Zhang Ming-Zhu , Jiang Meng-Yuan , Kong Ling-Ping , Liu Cai-Ying , Kang Huai-Xin , Liu Ai-Hong , Wang Bin , Mao Shui-Chun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Lyonia doyonensis is a deciduous shrub native to high-altitude regions of Asia. So far, there is no report on any chemical and biological properties of L. doyonensis. An EtOH
extract of L. doyonensis twigs and leaves showed inhibitory activities on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in BV-2 microglial cells. A
phytochemical investigation of this extract led to the isolation of a, so far only ambiguously described, 24-norursane-type triterpenoid, now named lyonensinol A (1), along with its
two new derivatives, lyonensinols B and C (2 and 3), and six known triterpenoids (4 – 9). Their structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of spectroscopic data. A
combination of chemical conversions, electronic circular dichroism, and Mo2(OAc)4-induced electronic circular dichroism was used to confirm their absolute
configurations. Lyonensinols B (2) and C (3) represent the first examples of norursane-type triterpenoids acylated with a p-coumaroyl moiety. The potential
anti-inflammatory and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory activities of all the isolates were evaluated. Compounds 3, 7, and 8 at 10 µM showed potent inhibitory
activities on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in BV-2 microglial cells, with nitric oxide levels decreasing to 31.5, 41.9, and 27.1%, respectively, while compounds 3,
4, 7, and 8 exhibited notable inhibitory activities against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, with IC50 values ranging from 1.7 to 18.2 µM. Interestingly, compounds
3 and 8, bearing a C-3 trans-p-coumaroyl group, showed not only more potent anti-inflammatory effects, but also exhibited stronger protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B
inhibition than their respective stereoisomers (2 and 7) with a cis-p-coumaroyl group.
Preparation of N- and C-Functionally-Substituted Glutarimides: A Review
Authors: Trukhanova Yulia A. , Chernov Nikita M. , Kuvaeva Elena V. , Yakovlev Igor P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSix-membered heterocyclic systems such as glutarimides are widely used in medicinal chemistry. The glutarimide skeleton is found in many commercially available pharmaceuticals due to a wide range of bioactivity. The preparation of C,N-highly functionalized glutarimides is an important topic in modern organic synthesis, since it reveals the ability to build a more complex system and thus expands the range of various drugs. This review describes approaches to the synthesis of N- and C-functionally-substituted glutarimides presented in the literature from 2005 to 2022. Options for the enantioselective synthesis of spiroglutarimides, the use of organocatalysis in the synthesis of glutarimides, and optimization of the synthesis of already known pharmaceuticals are described.1	Introduction2	Michael Addition2.1	Preparation of Glutarimides from Substituted Acrylamides and 1,3-Bielectrophiles2.2	Preparation of Glutarimides by the Reaction of Acetamide and α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds2.2.1	Preparation of Glutarimides by the Reaction of Acetamide Derivatives and Acrolein Derivatives2.2.2	Preparation of Spiroglutarimides by the Reaction of Acetamide Derivatives and Bromacrolein Derivatives2.2.3	Preparation of Spiroglutarimides by the Reaction of Acetamide Derivatives and Acryloyl Cyanide Derivatives2.2.4	Preparation of Substituted Glutarimides Using Ytterbium Salts2.3	Michael Addition/Intramolecular Transacylation2.4	Preparation of Glutarimides from Baylis–Hillman Adducts3	Multicomponent Reactions4	Conclusion
Releasing survey microdata with exact cluster locations and additional privacy safeguards
Authors: Koebe Till , Arias-Salazar Alejandra , Schmid Timo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHousehold survey programs around the world publish fine-granular georeferenced microdata to support research on the interdependence of human livelihoods and their surrounding environment. To safeguard the respondents’ privacy, micro-level survey data is usually (pseudo)-anonymized through deletion or perturbation procedures such as obfuscating the true location of data collection. This, however, poses a challenge to emerging approaches that augment survey data with auxiliary information on a local level. Here, we propose an alternative microdata dissemination strategy that leverages the utility of the original microdata with additional privacy safeguards through synthetically generated data using generative models. We back our proposal with experiments using data from the 2011 Costa Rican census and satellite-derived auxiliary information. Our strategy reduces the respondents’ re-identification risk for any number of disclosed attributes by 60–80% even under re-identification attempts.
Piezocatalytic activity of CaO–Bi2O3–B2O3 glass-ceramics under ultrasonic vibrations
Authors: Porwal Chirag , Chauhan Vishal Singh , Vaish Rahul 
Published: May 2023

Transparent glass-ceramics of CaO–Bi2O3–B2O3 (CBBO) were fabricated using the conventional melt quench technique. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were employed to confirm the phase of the prepared samples. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to verify that the material was, indeed, glassy. The CBBO glass samples were subjected to heat treatment at 540 °C for 30 min and 1 h based on their crystallization temperature obtained from DSC analysis. This study focused on the piezocatalytic behavior of CBBO glass-ceramic samples. Piezocatalysis experiments were conducted on the fabricated glass-ceramic samples, and it was discovered that the samples heat-treated for 30 min (HT30m) at 540 °C showed maximum dye degradation of 61% under 240 min of ultrasonication. Experiments were repeated multiple times to confirm their reliability. Additionally, a phytotoxicity assessment was performed on the degraded dye using vigna radiata seeds. The antibacterial properties of the CBBO glass-ceramic samples were also investigated via piezocatalysis. It was discovered that the HT30m CBBO glass-ceramic sample removes 98% of Escherichia coli and 99% of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria within 120 min of ultrasonication.
Direct C–C bond scission of xylitol to ethylene and propylene glycol precursors using single-atom catalysts (SACs) anchored on MgO
Authors: Akpe Shedrack G. , Choi Sun Hee , Ham Hyung Chul 
Published: May 2023

Shorter chain alcohols, as opposed to longer ones, are beneficial as biomass feedstock for chemicals and fuels, including hydrogen production. More so, it has been demonstrated that carbon–carbon rather than carbon–oxygen bond-cleaving activity determines the product selectivity of a metal catalyst for higher oxygenates reforming. In this report, we investigate the direct C2–C3 bond-cleaving activity of xylitol via first-principles, periodic density functional theory calculations to identify the differences in activities between single-crystal catalysts (SCCs) and single-atom catalysts (SACs). A comparison of the kinetic barriers revealed that xylitol's C–C bond scission appears to be a near-impossible task on SCCs. However, SACs demonstrated higher performance. For example, Ir1/MgO and Ir1/MgO_Ovac (having surface oxygen vacancy) yielded ∼72% and 54% decrease, respectively, in Gibb’s free activation energy compared to Ir (111) at the xylitol reforming operating temperature of 473 K. Furthermore, electronic structure calculations revealed an up-shift in the DOS for the surface M1 atoms in all investigated SACs compared to the surface atoms of their respective SCCs, resulting in M1 higher d-band center and stronger adsorbate (s) binding. This study highlights the importance of SACs for boosting the atom efficiency of costly metals while also offering a new strategy for tuning the activity of catalytic reactions.
Facile one-step synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Viscum album and evaluation of their antibacterial potential
Authors: Ishaq Muhammad , Numan Muhammad , Zeb Umar , Cui Fengjie , Shad Salma , Hayat Syed Adil , Azizullah Azizullah , Uddin Imad , Iqbal Muzaffar , Rahim Fazli , Khan Naeem , Attia Kotb A. , Fiaz Sajid 
Published: May 2023

Nanostructure gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are well-known biological active materials, synthesised under different environment-friendly approaches that has gained significant interest in the field of biomedicine. This study investigated a novel, fast, easy, cost-effective and the eco-friendly method to synthesise Au NPs from mediated Viscum album Linn plant extract, where the plant metabolites act as stabilising and reducing agents. The synthesised Au NPs were analysed by UV/Vis spectroscopy that gave strong signals and a sharp absorption peak at 545 nm due to the presence of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) bands. In addition, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed that strong signals of Au NPs appeared at 9.7 and 2.3 keV, as the rays of light passed. X-ray diffraction recognised the crystalline material and provided information on the cell unit that the synthesised Au NPs are face-centreed cubic in structure. The diffraction of X-ray spectra showed intense peaks at 38.44°, 44.7°, 44.9° and 77.8°. The mediated V. album plant extracts and synthesised Au NPs were screened against gram-positive and gram-negative (Enterobacter, Salmonella typhi, Escheria coli and Bacillus subtilis) bacterial strains, confirming their antibacterial potential. Au NPs showed strong antibacterial activity due to its unique steric configuration. Au NPs damaged bacterial cell membrane leading to the leakage of the cytoplasm and death of the cell.
A meta-analysis of plant tissue O2 dynamics
Authors: Herzog Max , Pellegrini Elisa , Pedersen Ole 
Published: May 2023

Adequate tissue O2 supply is crucial for plant function. We aimed to identify the environmental conditions and plant characteristics that affect plant tissue O2 status. We extracted data and performed meta-analysis on >1500 published tissue O2 measurements from 112 species. Tissue O2 status ranged from anoxic conditions in roots to >53 kPa in submerged, photosynthesising shoots. Using information-theoretic model selection, we identified ‘submergence’, ‘light’, ‘tissue type’ as well as ‘light × submergence’ interaction as significant drivers of tissue O2 status. Median O2 status were especially low (<50% of atmospheric equilibrium) in belowground rhizomes, potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers and root nodules. Mean shoot and root O2 were ~25% higher in light than in dark when shoots had atmospheric contact. However, light showed a significant interaction with submergence on plant O2, with a submergence-induced 44% increase in light, compared with a 42% decline in dark, relative to plants with atmospheric contact. During submergence, ambient water column O2 and shoot tissue O2 correlated stronger in darkness than in light conditions. Although use of miniaturised Clark-type O2 electrodes has enhanced understanding of plant O2 dynamics, application of non-invasive methods in plants is still lacking behind its widespread use in mammalian tissues.
Ideología en el paisaje lingüístico y semiótico
Authors: Fernández Juncal Carmen 
Published: May 2023

Abstracta
El presente estudio rastrea el impacto en el paisaje lingüístico de las elecciones autonómicas vascas del año 2020. A partir de un trabajo de campo en dos localidades de distinto perfil demográfico y político y de encuestas entre los partidos en liza, analizamos, por una parte, la presencia o ausencia en el espacio público de las distintas formaciones y sus estrategias de comunicación. Por otra parte, examinamos los recursos de tipo semiótico empleados en la campaña y la distribución de las dos lenguas de uso en la comunidad en las señales del corpus. Los resultados nos permiten detectar el traslado de los recursos físicos tradicionales al ámbito virtual, esfera que asimila cada vez con más fuerza la funcionalidad de los primeros. Asimismo, se revelan tendencias y tensiones en la elección de lenguas, de acuerdo con la posición en el espectro ideológico, que nos obligan a repensar el propio concepto de autoría en este tipo de investigaciones.
El uso de fuentes documentales y su impacto en la creatividad del estudiante de traducción e interpretación
Authors: Rojo López Ana María , Meseguer Cutillas Purificación , Arqués Abellán Paula 
Published: May 2023

AbstractaEl presente artículo pretende explorar el impacto que la documentación y la inteligencia creativa tienen a la hora de resolver retos creativos literarios. Para ello se diseñó un estudio experimental con estudiantes de traducción e interpretación en el que, divididos en dos grupos, debían traducir tres fragmentos que contenían retos creativos. Uno de los grupos tenía acceso a recursos de documentación; el otro, no. Nuestra hipótesis de partida predecía que el uso de herramientas de documentación daría lugar a soluciones menos creativas, pero más precisas, así como que las puntuaciones de los participantes en la prueba de creatividad se correlacionarían con las puntuaciones asignadas a la creatividad de sus soluciones. Los resultados del estudio mostraron que las puntuaciones asignadas a la creatividad de las soluciones eran más altas en el grupo sin acceso a la documentación. Sin embargo, en cuanto a la precisión de las soluciones, nuestra hipótesis solo se corroboró para el parámetro de corrección.
Constructional complexity as a predictor of Korean EFL learners’ writing proficiency
Authors: Kim Hyunwoo , Shin Gyu-Ho , Sung Min-Chang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Based on usage-based constructionist approaches to language development, this study investigates the validity of constructional complexity as a predictor of writing proficiency of Korean EFL learners. We analyzed argumentative essays produced by Korean EFL learners and compared a prediction model that uses English argument structure constructions with a conventional T-unit-based model. We first tested the predictive power of a discriminant function model with argument structure constructions as predictors for assessing writing proficiency of lower- and higher-level learners. We then compared the construction-based model to another model that included T-unit measures as predictors. The results validated the contribution of argument structure constructions for predicting L2 writing proficiency: The construction-based model yielded higher prediction accuracy than the T-unit-based model did, confirming that constructional complexity is closely aligned with writing proficiency. These findings demonstrate the significance of a construction-based model as a reliable tool for diagnosing EFL learners’ writing proficiency.
How production and distribution processes shape translations in organisations
Authors: Haapaniemi Riku 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Finnish Tax Administration’s OmaVero (OV) e-service is an example of an organisational software development and text production process in which translation plays a significant role. In this article, the concept of materiality is utilised to analyse how aspects of the wider process affect the form and content of OV translations. A distinction is made between the translations’ production and distribution process, the effects of the former being manifested mainly through the use of digital translation tools and those of the latter through the conventions of OV software development. A material analysis reveals a conflict in how these two processes treat language as a textual element: the production process downplays and obscures the connection between language content and its textual environment, while the distribution process attaches great importance to this relationship. This demonstrates how a material perspective can introduce useful nuance into analyses of textual communication processes in translation studies.
Full two-dimensional ambipolar CFET-like architecture for switchable logic circuits
Authors: Hu Wennan , Liu Yunlin , Huang Zhangcheng , Dong Jianguo , Wang Yue , Chen Weiao , Sheng Zhe , Sun Haoran , Hu Guangxi , Cong Chunxiao , Zhang David Wei , Lu Ye , Zhou Peng , Zhang Zengxing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As the scaling of integrated circuits based on silicon semiconductors becomes increasingly challenging due to the minimum feature size being close to the physical limit, the urgent demand for alternative strategies has fuelled the rapid growth of techniques and material innovations. Here, we report on the fabrication of vertically stacked ambipolar complementary field-effect transistor that is fully composed of two-dimensional materials of WSe2/h-BN/graphene/h-BN/WSe2 heterostructures. The ambipolar feature of the top and bottom WSe2 FET enables a switchable inverter behavior with a favorable voltage gain of up to 75, which can work in both the first and third quadrants. Based on the switchable characteristics, a large voltage swing circuit for single photon avalanche detectors is proposed without any bulky negative-voltage components. This work could open a new pathway for future two-dimensional electronics and ultimate monolithic 3D high-density integration circuits.
Ion expansion dynamics of laser induced multi-elemental plasmas
Authors: Yao Xiang , Schneider Christof W , Bulgakova Nadezhda M , Bulgakov Alexander V , Lippert Thomas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ablation of multi-elemental materials by nanosecond lasers is often used to deposit oxide thin films. Understanding the ablation plume dynamics is of utmost importance to gain a detailed insight into thin film growth of materials with a complex composition. In this study, the plume expansion dynamics of several compound materials (AuCu, La0.33Ca0.67MnO3, and LiMn2O4) were characterized by measuring the angular-dependent kinetic energy (KE) distributions of ionic plasma species produced by KrF- and XeCl-excimer laser ablation in vacuum. The distributions of the lightest plume ions were found to differ fundamentally from those of other ions. The latter are similar to the energy distributions observed in single-component plumes and represent a low-energy peak and high-energy tail, while those for the lightest ions consist of at least two distinct peaks. These observations can be explained by assuming the formation of a dynamic double layer (DL) at the front of the plasma giving rise to different acceleration rates for light and heavier ions. As a consequence, heavier elements stay longer within the dynamic DL and gain larger KEs that leads to the observed ion separation. Extending these considerations into three dimensions yields an anisotropic acceleration concept for the plasma ions with high acceleration rates and longer presence within the DL normal to the target surface and lower acceleration rates and shorter time in the parallel direction.
α-decay half-life of 212Po at stellar temperatures
Authors: Mohr Peter 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The decay properties of atomic nuclei may be modified in stellar environments. The present study analyzes the α-decay of 212Po at temperatures of several Giga–Kelvin, typical for explosive stellar environments. Contrary to a recent study which claimed a reduction of the half-life of 212Po by up to five orders of magnitude, the present study shows only a moderate reduction of the half-life of less than one order of magnitude up to 2 GK.