bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing student perception of the integration of portable wireless ultrasound imaging in undergraduate anatomy education
Authors: Edwards Hope , Jones Huw , Garner Pip , Hardy Matthew , Wilshaw Stacy‐Paul , Bielby‐Clarke Keren , Farrow Matthew 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAnatomy is the foundation of many physiology and healthcare‐related degrees. With limited access to cadavers in many universities, it is essential to investigate techniques that could be utilized to support and enhance the teaching of anatomy. Ultrasound is used clinically to aid the diagnosis of a wide range of conditions by visualizing the anatomy of the patient. While research has investigated the advantages of ultrasound in medical education, the potential benefits of ultrasound in undergraduate bioscience degrees remain to be investigated. The aim of this study was to identify if a portable ultrasound probe that wirelessly attaches to a smartphone or tablet was perceived by students as beneficial for their understanding and learning of anatomy, and to identify if there were any barriers for students partaking in ultrasound sessions. Following five ultrasound‐teaching sessions, 107 undergraduate students completed a 5‐point likert questionnaire on their perception of the integration of portable ultrasound machines in anatomy education. The data indicated that 93% of students perceived that the ultrasound teaching sessions improved their anatomical understanding, 94% perceived that ultrasound increased their ability to understand the clinical relevance of learning anatomy, 97% enjoyed the sessions, and 95% of students believed that ultrasound should be integrated into anatomy teaching. In this study, we also found several barriers for students taking part in ultrasound sessions, including religious beliefs, and lacking adequate background knowledge. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate, for the first time, that students perceive portable ultrasound to enhance their anatomy studies, demonstrating the potential benefit the integration of ultrasound into the anatomy curriculum may serve within undergraduate bioscience courses.
Exercise during chemotherapy: Friend or foe?
Authors: Potiaumpai Melanie , Schleicher Erica A. , Wang Ming , Campbell Kristin L. , Sturgeon Kathleen , Schmitz Kathryn H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundA higher chemotherapy completion rate is associated with better outcomes including treatment efficacy and overall survival. Exercise may have the potential to improve relative dose intensity (RDI) by reducing the frequency and severity of chemotherapy‐related toxicities. We examined the association between exercise adherence and RDI and possible clinical‐ and health‐related fitness predictors of RDI.MethodsChemotherapy records were extracted from the electronic medical record for patients enrolled in the ENACT trial (n = 105). Chemotherapy completion was assessed using average RDI. A threshold of 85% was established for “high” versus “low” RDI. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the associations between the clinical‐ and health‐related fitness predictors of RDI.ResultsPatients with breast cancer (BC) had a significantly higher average RDI (89.8% ± 17.6%) compared with gastrointestinal cancer (GI) (76.8% ± 20.9%, p = 0.004) and pancreatic cancer (PC) (65.2% ± 20.1%, p < 0.001). Only 25% of BC patents required a dose reduction compared to 56.3% of GI and 86.4% of PC patients. Cancer site was significantly associated with RDI. Compared with BC, patients with GI (β = −0.12, p = 0.03) and PC (β = −0.22, p = 0.006) achieved significantly lower RDI. Every 2.72 unit increase in overall exercise adherence led to a significant 7% decrease in RDI (p = 0.001) in GI patients. Metastatic GI patients had a 15% RDI increase for every 2.72 unit increase in exercise adherence (p = 0.04).ConclusionExercise is a supportive therapy that has potential to enhance chemotherapy tolerance and completion. The relationship between exercise adherence and RDI is influenced by factor such as cancer site and treatment type. Special attention must be paid to how exercise is prescribed to ensure that exercise adherence does not negatively affect RDI. Cancer site, exercise dosage, and multimodal interventions to address toxicities are key areas identified for future research.
PES1 is a biomarker of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and is associated with the tumor microenvironment
Authors: He Yaodong , Xiang Junwei , Li Yunshan , Huang Wenkai , Gu Feihan , Wang Yuanyin , Chen Ran 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs a nucleolar protein associated with ribosome biogenesis in multiple cancer types, PES1 has been reported to be overexpressed, promoting cancer cell proliferation and invasion. However, in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the role of PES1 on the prognosis and immune infiltration remains unknown.MethodsMultiple databases and qRT‐PCR evaluated the expression of PES1 in HNSCC. The prognostic potential of PES1 in HNSCC patients was analyzed by Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier curves. Then, we used LASSO regression and stepwise multivariate Cox regression to construct the PES1‐related risk assessment model. In addition, the association between PES1 and tumor immune microenvironment and drug sensitivity was explored by R packages. Finally, we used cell function assays to explore in HNSCC if PES1 influences tumor growth and metastasis.ResultsPES1 was significantly up‐regulated in HNSCC and closely correlated with HPV status, tumor stage, clinical grade, and TP53 mutation status. Survival analysis suggested that PES1 is associated with worse survival outcomes, acting as an independent prognostic indicator for HNSCC. Our model also performed well in terms of prognosis prediction. Furthermore, tumor‐infiltrating immune cells and antitumor drug susceptibility were negatively related to PES1 expression. Functionally, as for HNSCC cell lines in vitro, the knockdown of PES1 could inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion.ConclusionWe have demonstrated that PES1 may be a promoter of tumor growth. PES1 holds excellent promise as a novel biomarker to assess the prognosis of patients with HNSCC and may guide immunotherapy.
Fermentative Biohydrogen Fuel Production Utilizing Wastewater: A Review
Authors: Thulasisingh Anitha , Ananthakrishnan Krithika , Nandakumar Janani , Kannaiyan Sathishkumar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCurrently, there is greater emphasis on using renewable energy sources as compared to conventional sources of energy. Biohydrogen, a renewable energy source, serves as a promising alternative to fossil fuel‐based energy sources. The demand for sustainability is met by producing biohydrogen with the use of wastewater as a substrate. This review article focuses on different ways of biohydrogen production from wastewater with the help of microorganisms, such as light independent processes like dark fermentation and light dependent processes like photo‐fermentation, bio‐photolysis (direct and indirect) and integrated processes like sequential fermentation and combined fermentation. The biochemical pathways, microorganisms employed, specific pretreatment techniques, and efficiency of the biohydrogen production methods by H2yield and H2production rate from different wastewater sources are also discussed. Different methods like dark fermentation, photo‐fermentation and integration of these types using various substrates have been put forth. This review article also explains the various pretreatment methods of wastewater like physical, chemical, biological, and mechanical which is essential when using wastewater as substrate in order to increase biohydrogen production. The important characteristics that can influence hydrogen production, such as pH, temperature, hydraulic retention rate, and organic loading rate are also mentioned. In addition, the advantage and drawbacks of biohydrogen production, as well as the potential advancements presently being investigated to tackle these challenges are also highlighted. Therefore, many techniques and technologies are currently adopted to enhance the production of biohydrogen, which will lead to a sustainable environment.
Oral Lactobacillus species and their probiotic capabilities in patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy individuals
Authors: Etebarian Arghavan , Sheshpari Tahere , Kabir Kourosh , Sadeghi Hanieh , Moradi Abouzar , Hafedi Avin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to identify oral Lactobacillus species and characterize their adhesion properties and antibacterial activity in patients with periodontitis compared with periodontally healthy individuals.Materials and MethodsThree hundred and fifty‐four isolates from the saliva, subgingival, and tongue plaque of 59 periodontitis patients and 59 healthy individuals were analyzed. Oral Lactobacillus species were identified through the culture method in the modified MRS medium and confirmed by molecular testing. Moreover, the radial diffusion assay and cell culture methods were used to determine the antibacterial activities of oral strains against oral pathogens and their adhesion activity in vitro.Results67.7% of the cases and 75.7% of the control samples were positive for the Lactobacillus species. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Limosilactobacillus fermentum were the dominant species in the case group, whereas Lacticaseibacillus casei and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum were dominant in the control group. Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus gasseri had higher antibacterial effects against oral pathogens. Moreover, Ligilactobacillus salivarius and L. fermentum demonstrated the highest ability to adhere to oral mucosal cells and salivary‐coated hydroxyapatite.ConclusionL. crispatus, L. gasseri, L. fermentum, and L. salivarius can be introduced as probiotic candidates since they demonstrated appropriate adherence to oral mucosal cells and salivary‐coated hydroxyapatite and also antibacterial activities. However, further studies should be conducted to assess the safety of probiotic interventions using these strains in patients with periodontal disease.
Testing the predictive value of functional traits in diverse ant communities
Authors: Drager Kim I. , Rivera Michael D. , Gibson Joshua C. , Ruzi Selina A. , Hanisch Priscila E. , Achury Rafael , Suarez Andrew V. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAssociating morphological features with ecological traits is essential for understanding the connection between organisms and their roles in the environment. If applied successfully, functional trait approaches link form and function in an organism. However, functional trait data not associated with natural history information provide an incomplete picture of an organism's role in the ecosystem. Using data on the relative trophic position of 592 ant (Formicidae) samples comprising 393 species from 11 subfamilies and 19 widely distributed communities, we tested the extent to which commonly used functional proxies (i.e., morphometric traits) predict diet/trophic position as estimated from stable isotopes (δ15N). We chose ants as a group due to their ubiquity and abundance, as well as the wealth of available data on species traits and trophic levels. We measured 12 traits that have previously been identified as functionally significant, and corrected trait values for size and evolutionary history by using phylogenetically corrected trait residuals. Estimated trophic positions varied from 0.9 to 4.8 or roughly 4 trophic levels. Morphological data spanned nearly the entire size range seen in ants from the smallest (e.g., Strumigenys mitis total length 1.1 mm) to the largest species (e.g., Dinoponera australis total length 28.3 mm). We found overall body size, relative eye position, and scape length to be informative for predicting diet/trophic position in these communities, albeit with relatively weak predictive values. Specifically, trophic position was negatively correlated with body size and positively correlated with sensory traits (higher eye position and scape length). Our results suggest that functional trait‐based approaches can be informative but should be used with caution unless clear links between form and function have been established.
Niche breadth of Amazonian trees increases with niche optimum across broad edaphic gradients
Authors: Vleminckx Jason , Barrantes Oscar Valverde , Fortunel Claire , Paine C. E. Timothy , Bauman David , Engel Julien , Petronelli Pascal , Dávila Nállarett , Rios Marcos , Valderrama Sandoval Elvis Harry , Mesones Italo , Allié Elodie , Goret Jean‐Yves , Draper Freddie C. , Guevara Andino Juan Ernesto , Béroujon Solène , Fine Paul V. A. , Baraloto Christopher 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnderstanding how biotic interactions and environmental filtering mediated by soil properties shape plant community assembly is a major challenge in ecology, especially when studying complex and hyperdiverse ecosystems like tropical forests. To shed light on the influence of both factors, we examined how the edaphic optimum of species (their niche position) related to their edaphic range (their niche breadth) along different environmental gradients and how this translates into functional strategies. Here we tested four scenarios describing the shape of the niche breadth—niche position relationship, including one neutral scenario and three scenarios proposing different relative influences of abiotic and biotic factors on community assembly along a soil resource gradient. To do so, we used soil concentration data for five key nutrients (N, P, Ca, Mg, and K), along with accurate measurements of 14 leaf, stem, and root traits for 246 tree species inventoried in 101 plots located across Eastern (French Guiana) and Western (Peru) Amazonia. We found that species niche breadth increased linearly with species niche position along each soil nutrient gradient. This increase was associated with more resource acquisitive traits in the leaves and the roots for soil N, Ca, Mg, and K concentration, while it was negatively associated with wood density for soil P concentration. These observations agreed with one of our hypothetical scenarios in which species with resource conservation traits are confined to the most nutrient‐depleted soils (abiotic filter), but they are outperformed by faster‐growing species in more fertile conditions (biotic filter). Our results refine and strengthen support for niche theories of species assembly while providing an integrated approach to improving forest management policies.
Do plant–soil feedbacks promote coexistence in a sagebrush steppe?
Authors: Chung Y. Anny , Monaco Thomas A. , Taylor J. Bret , Adler Peter B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecent studies have shown the potential for negative plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) to promote stable coexistence, but have not quantified the stabilizing effect relative to other coexistence mechanisms. We conducted a field experiment to test the role of PSFs in stabilizing coexistence among four dominant sagebrush steppe species that appear to coexist stably, based on previous work with observational data and models. We then integrated the effects of PSF treatments on focal species across germination, survival, and first‐year growth. To contribute to stable coexistence, soil microbes should have host‐specific effects that result in negative feedbacks. Over two replicated growing seasons, our experiments consistently showed that soil microbes have negative effects on plant growth, but these effects were rarely host‐specific. The uncommon host‐specific effects were mostly positive at the germination stage, and negative for growth. Integrated effects of PSF across early life‐stage vital rates showed that PSF‐mediated self‐limitation occasionally had large effects on projected plant biomass, but occurred inconsistently between years. Our results suggest that while microbially‐mediated PSF may not be a common mechanism of coexistence in this community, it may still affect the relative abundance of dominant plant species via changes in host fitness. Our work also serves as a blueprint for future investigations that aim to identify underlying processes and test alternative mechanisms to explain important patterns in community ecology.
Facile Suzuki Coupling Strategy toward New Nile Red Derivatives with Improved Two‐Photon Brightness
Authors: Mulberg Mads W. , Hornum Mick , Reinholdt Peter , Jensen Brian Bjarke , Szomek Maria , Brewer Jonathan R. , Wüstner Daniel , Kongsted Jacob , Nielsen Poul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChemical fine‐tuning of fluorophores is a pivotal step towards development of next generation fluorescent dyes for microscopy. With the advent of high‐resolution two‐photon excitation fluorescence imaging, there is a growing demand for very sensitive laser dyes that can be efficiently excited using commercial Ti:sapphire laser sources in the first near‐infrared window (NIR‐I, 780–1020 nm). Using the fluorescent dye Nile Red as the lead structure, we report a robust and concise Suzuki coupling approach for the synthesis of 14 new Nile Red analogues that feature extended π ring systems and diverse functionalities. For this set, we gauged their two‐photon excitation efficiency in NIR‐I as well as evaluated their general fluorescent properties (emission wavelength, Stokes shift, quantum yield and solvatochromism). Several of the new fluorophores were found to display very favorable characteristics. In particular, the derivative featuring a 4‐aminophenyl group in the 2‐position of Nile Red exhibited extreme solvent sensitivity, and the thien‐2‐yl substituted Nile Red derivative showed significantly redshifted emission, large Stokes shift and high two‐photon brightness.
Optimization strategies for multi‐block structured CFD simulation based on Sunway TaihuLight
Authors: Lv Xiaojing , Leng Wenhao , Liu Zhao , Wu Chengsheng , Li Fang , Xu Jiuxiu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDecomposition and solver are the main performance bottlenecks of multi‐block structured CFD simulation involving complex industrial configurations such as aero‐engine, shock‐boundary layer interactions, turbulence modeling and so on. In this article, we proposed several optimization strategies to improve the computing efficiency of multi‐block structured CFD simulation based on Sunway TaihuLight super computing system, including: (1) a load balancing decomposition approach combined with recursive segmentation of undirected graphs and block mapping for multi‐structured blocks, (2) two‐level parallelism that utilizes MPI + OpenACC2.0* hybrid parallel paradigms with various performance optimizations such as data preprocessing, reducing unnecessary loops of subroutine calls, collapse, and tile syntax, memory access optimization between the main memory and local data memory (LDM), and (3) a carefully orchestrated pipeline and register communication strategy between computing processor elements (CPEs) to tackle the dependence of LU‐SGS (Lower‐Upper Symmetric Gauss–Seidel). Numerical simulations were conducted to evaluate the proposed optimization strategies. The results showed that our parallel implementation provides high load balance and efficiency, achieving a speedup of 8× + for one loop step, and a speed up of 2× + for strong correlation kernels.
Spectrally matching pulse‐like records to a target RotD100 spectrum
Authors: Montejo Luis A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article evaluates two different approaches to generate pulse‐like spectrally matched earthquake records pairs compatible with a target RotD100 spectrum. One is the conventional approach of separately matching each horizontal component to the target RotD100 spectrum, the other approach simultaneously modifies both horizontal components to tightly match the target RotD100. The characteristics of the resulting records are evaluated using amplitude scaled pulse records as baseline for comparison. It is shown that, using a target spectrum that includes a narrow‐band modification to accommodate the presence of a pulse, largely increases both methodologies likelihood of generating spectrally matched records that preserve the pulse‐like nature of the seeds. However, the records generated through independent component matching exhibit RotD100 spectral amplitudes that largely surpass the target amplitudes, and instantaneous power (IP) and peak ground velocities (PGV) substantially larger than the observed for the amplitude scaled records. Consequently, these motions generated unrealistically large inelastic demands when used as input for nonlinear response history analyses (NRHA), with mean peak inelastic demands up to 60% larger than the expected from amplitude scaled records. Conversely, the approach based on simultaneous modification of the two horizontal components generated the largest number of successful matches and the resulting records exhibited IP and PGV values close to the obtained for the amplitude scaled records. When used as input for NRHA, the mean peak inelastic demands were very close to the demands imposed by the amplitude scaled set. These results suggest that current 10% spectral amplitude penalization for spectrally matched records in ASCE7 is unnecessary for pulse‐like motions.
Effect of CDH1 and CDH2 genes polymorphisms in oral squamous cell carcinoma susceptibility in a sample of Iranian population: A case‐control study
Authors: Kadeh Hamideh , Parsamanesh Negin , Miri‐Moghaddam Ebrahim 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a global malignant epithelial neoplasm affecting the oral cavity. Cadherins, as an adhesion molecule, are involved in cell−cell interaction. We aim to study the effect of two cadherin polymorphisms on OSCC risk in southeast of Iran.MethodsIn this case‐control study, 94 individuals (47 OSCC cases and 47 controls), that referred to the Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Iran were included. Cadherin single nucleotide polymorphisms CDH1 (rs16260) and CDH2 (rs11564299) were genotyped by the tetra‐Amplification Refractory Mutation System—PCR technique.ResultsN‐cadherin genotyping showed that the AA, AG, and AG + GG were presented 78.7%, 17%, 21.3% versus 66%, 29.7%, 34% in the cases and the control group, respectively. AG genotype was more common in control than case (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.17−1.29, p = 0.14). G allele was more prevalent in control (19.1%) than the case group (12.8%) (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.27−1.36, p = 0.23). In E‐cadherin, AC, AA, and AC + AA genotypes frequency were 17%, 12.8%, and 29.8% in case versus 8.5%, 8.5%, and 17% in the control group. Allele A was more common in the case than the control group (OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 0.84−4.03, p = 0.12). Also, AA and CC, the codominant genotypes were common in CDH2 and CDH1 respectively in all histopathological grades, and no statically significant association was observed between OSCC different histopathological grades and cadherin genotypes (p = 0.39 in N‐cadherin, p = 0.74 in E‐cadherin).ConclusionOur results showed a lack of association between CDH1 and CDH2 gene polymorphisms with OSCC risk in a population of Southeastern of Iran.