bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early biomarkers of extracapsular extension of prostate cancer using MRI-derived semantic features
Authors: Guerra Adalgisa , Alves Filipe Caseiro , Maes Kris , Joniau Steven , Cassis João , Maio Rui , Cravo Marília , Mouriño Helena 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
To construct a model based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and histological and clinical variables for the prediction of pathology-detected extracapsular extension (pECE) in patients with prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods
We performed a prospective 3 T MRI study comparing the clinical and MRI data on pECE obtained from patients treated using robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) at our institution. The covariates under consideration were prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, the patient’s age, prostate volume, and MRI interpretative features for predicting pECE based on the Prostate Imaging–Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) version 2.0 (v2), as well as tumor capsular contact length (TCCL), length of the index lesion, and prostate biopsy Gleason score (GS). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were applied to explore the statistical associations and construct the model. We also recruited an additional set of participants—which included 59 patients from external institutions—to validate the model.

Results
The study participants included 185 patients who had undergone RARP at our institution, 26% of whom were pECE+ (i.e., pECE positive). Significant predictors of pECE+ were TCCL, capsular disruption, measurable ECE on MRI, and a GS of ≥7(4 + 3) on a prostate biopsy. The strongest predictor of pECE+ is measurable ECE on MRI, and in its absence, a combination of TCCL and prostate biopsy GS was significantly effective for detecting the patient’s risk of being pECE+. Our predictive model showed a satisfactory performance at distinguishing between patients with pECE+ and patients with pECE−, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.90 (86.0–95.8%), high sensitivity (86%), and moderate specificity (70%).

Conclusions
Our predictive model, based on consistent MRI features (i.e., measurable ECE and TCCL) and a prostate biopsy GS, has satisfactory performance and sufficiently high sensitivity for predicting pECE+. Hence, the model could be a valuable tool for surgeons planning preoperative nerve sparing, as it would reduce positive surgical margins.
The effect of piglet vitality, birth order, and blood lactate on the piglet growth performances and preweaning survival
Authors: Uddin Md Karim , Hasan Shah , Peltoniemi Olli , Oliviero Claudio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundLitter size is going up in modern pig production. Due to large litter size and increased farrowing duration, newborn piglets, during parturition, can suffer from asphyxiation. This alters their blood energy parameters and can contribute to their reduced vitality at birth, which is detrimental to their growth performance and survival. We aimed to evaluate the effects of vitality score, piglets’ umbilical cord blood lactate, glucose, and butyrate, and birth order on growth performance and the preweaning mortality of piglets.ResultsThe more vital (vitality score 2, VS2) piglets had higher umbilical cord blood glucose and butyrate, lower blood lactate, and higher colostrum intake (CI) at birth, and showed higher body weight at birth and at weaning than did less vital piglets (vitality score 1, VS1). Umbilical cord lactate negatively correlated with vitality, colostrum intake, and growth before weaning. Among the four birth-order groups (BOGs), piglets born earlier during parturition had a higher mean vitality score than those born later. BOG1 and BOG2 had significantly higher CI (p < 0.05) than BOG3 and BOG4.ConclusionChanges in piglets’ body weight, colostrum intake, and umbilical cord lactate are associated with piglet vitality and asphyxiation during farrowing. In addition, asphyxiation induced higher umbilical cord lactate may serve as an indicator of low vitality and low colostrum consumption. Overall, improvement in piglets’ vitality and in the farrowing process can help in reducing piglet mortality.
Psychometric performance of the Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy Symptom Assessment (PMMSA) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in subjects with mitochondrial disease
Authors: Gwaltney Chad , Stokes Jonathan , Aiudi Anthony , Mazar Iyar , Ollis Sarah , Love Emily , Karaa Amel , Houts Carrie R. , Wirth R. J. , Shields Alan L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy Symptom Assessment (PMMSA) is a 10-item patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure designed to assess the severity of mitochondrial disease symptoms. Analyses of data from a clinical trial with PMM patients were conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PMMSA and to provide score interpretation guidelines for the measure.

Methods
The PMMSA was completed as a daily diary for approximately 14 weeks by individuals in a Phase 2 randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial evaluating the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of subcutaneous injections of elamipretide in patents with mitochondrial disease. In addition to the PMMSA, performance-based assessments, clinician ratings, and other PRO measures were also completed. Descriptive statistics, psychometric analyses, and score interpretation guidelines were evaluated for the PMMSA.

Results
Participants (N = 30) had a mean age of 45.3 years, with the majority of the sample being female (n = 25, 83.3%) and non-Hispanic white (n = 29, 96.6%). The 10 PMMSA items assessing a diverse symptomology were not found to form a single underlying construct. However, four items assessing tiredness and muscle weakness were grouped into a “general fatigue” domain score. The PMMSA Fatigue 4 summary score (4FS) demonstrated stable test–retest scores, internal consistency, correlations with the scores produced by reference measures, and the ability to differentiate between different global health levels. Changes on the PMMSA 4FS were also related to change scores produced by the reference measures. PMMSA severity scores were higher for the symptom rated as “most bothersome” by each subject relative to the remaining nine PMMSA items (most bothersome symptom mean = 2.88 vs. 2.18 for other items). Distribution- and anchor-based evaluations suggested that reduction in weekly scores between 0.79 and 2.14 (scale range: 4–16) may represent a meaningful change on the PMMSA 4FS and reduction in weekly scores between 0.03 and 0.61 may represent a responder for each of the remaining six non-fatigue items, scored independently.

Conclusions
Upon evaluation of its psychometric properties, the PMMSA, specifically the 4FS domain, demonstrated strong reliability and construct-related validity. The PMMSA can be used to evaluate treatment benefit in clinical trials with individuals with PMM.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02805790; registered June 20, 2016; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02805790.
Hemorrhagic stroke as a rare complication of a migraine without aura
Authors: Marusich Tetiana , Solodovnikova Yuliia , Hnatyuk Iryna , Son Anatoliy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder, characterized by recurrent headache attacks featuring specific clinical characteristics. Two-thirds of the migraineurs are women. It takes the second place among the world’s causes of disability, and is one of the leading causes for direct and indirect government expenses. Migraine is well known to be associated with cerebrovascular diseases, in particular with stroke. Due to the recent studies, the risk of hemorrhagic stroke (HS) is 50% higher in between migraineurs in comparison to non-migraineurs, whereas only one study showed association of migraine without aura (MwtA) with increased HS incidence.

Case presentation
We present a case of 57-year-old White woman, who is a 20-year migraine sufferer admitted to the hospital with the signs of migraineous stroke. Upon evaluation after she had contrast enhancing brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), she was diagnosed with a neoplasm accompanied by a hemorrhage. However, the following magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) as well as repeated contrast MRI did not prove the diagnosis. The patient was treated for 10 days, and discharged with complete clinical improvement.

Conclusion
The presented case highlights the importance of the accurate evaluation of the patients, suspicious of complicated migraine, even though suffering from MwtA, having no comorbidities and absent family history of cerebrovascular diseases.
Extra-large G proteins regulate disease resistance by directly coupling to immune receptors in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Li Yixin , Zhang Qian , Gong Lijing , Kong Jun , Wang Xiaodan , Xu Guangyuan , Chen Xujun , Dou Daolong , Liang Xiangxiu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHeterotrimeric G proteins, comprising Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits, are key regulators of eukaryotic intracellular signaling. Extra-large G (XLG) proteins are a subfamily of plant-specific Gα proteins interacting with plasma membrane-localized receptors to regulate multiple biological processes. The Nicotiana benthamiana genome encodes seven XLG proteins, NbXLG1–7, whose functions in disease resistance and underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we silenced all the seven genes and found that disease susceptibility was enhanced when both NbXLG3 and NbXLG5 or NbXLG4 was silenced. Then, we generated N. benthamiana xlg3xlg5 double- and xlg4 single-mutant lines using the CRISPR-Cas9 approach. All the mutants showed reduced resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and a series of oomycete pathogens, including Phytophthora capsici, Phytophthora infestans, and Phytophthora parasitica. We further demonstrated that NbXLG3/4/5 positively regulated microbial pattern-induced reactive oxygen species burst and defense gene expression by directly coupling to the tested plant immune receptors. In addition, we examined the role of NbXLG3/4/5 in abiotic stress tolerance and observed that NbXLG3 and NbXLG5 negatively regulated plant resistance to high-salt, mannitol, and PEG. Our study demonstrates the possible role of NbXLG3/4/5 in response to biotic and abiotic stresses and provides insights for the improvement of plant resistance to environmental changes.
Host’s genetic background determines the outcome of reciprocal faecal transplantation on life-history traits and microbiome composition
Authors: Juottonen Heli , Moghadam Neda N. , Murphy Liam , Mappes Johanna , Galarza Juan A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Microbes play a role in their host's fundamental ecological, chemical, and physiological processes. Host life-history traits from defence to growth are therefore determined not only by the abiotic environment and genotype but also by microbiota composition. However, the relative importance and interactive effects of these factors may vary between organisms. Such connections remain particularly elusive in Lepidoptera, which have been argued to lack a permanent microbiome and have microbiota primarily determined by their diet and environment. We tested the microbiome specificity and its influence on life-history traits of two colour genotypes of the wood tiger moth (Arctia plantaginis) that differ in several traits, including growth. All individuals were grown in the laboratory for several generations with standardized conditions. We analyzed the bacterial community of the genotypes before and after a reciprocal frass (i.e., larval faeces) transplantation and followed growth rate, pupal mass, and the production of defensive secretion.

Results
After transplantation, the fast-growing genotype grew significantly slower compared to the controls, but the slow-growing genotype did not change its growth rate. The frass transplant also increased the volume of defensive secretions in the fast-growing genotype but did not affect pupal mass. Overall, the fast-growing genotype appeared more susceptible to the transplantation than the slow-growing genotype. Microbiome differences between the genotypes strongly suggest genotype-based selective filtering of bacteria from the diet and environment. A novel cluster of insect-associated Erysipelotrichaceae was exclusive to the fast-growing genotype, and specific Enterococcaceae were characteristic to the slow-growing genotype. These Enterococcaceae became more prevalent in the fast-growing genotype after the transplant, which suggests that a slower growth rate is potentially related to their presence.

Conclusions
We show that reciprocal frass transplantation can reverse some genotype-specific life-history traits in a lepidopteran host. The results indicate that genotype-specific selective filtering can fine-tune the bacterial community at specific life stages and tissues like the larval frass, even against a background of a highly variable community with stochastic assembly. Altogether, our findings suggest that the host's genotype can influence its susceptibility to being colonized by microbiota, impacting key life-history traits.
Casson rheological flow model in an inclined stenosed artery with non-Darcian porous medium and quadratic thermal convection
Authors: Abubakar J. U. , Omolesho Q. A. , Bello K. A. , Basambo A. M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe current study investigates the combined response of the Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer and nonlinear thermal convection influence among other fluid parameters on Casson rheology (blood) flow through an inclined tapered stenosed artery with magnetic effect. Considering the remarkable importance of mathematical models to the physical behavior of fluid flow in human systems for scientific, biological, and industrial use, the present model predicts the motion and heat transfer of blood flow through tapered stenosed arteries under some underline conditions. The momentum and energy equations for the model were obtained and solved using the collocation method with the Legendre polynomial basis function. The expressions obtained for the velocity and temperature were graphed to show the effects of the Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer term, Casson parameters, and nonlinear thermal convection term among others. The results identified that a higher Darcy–Brinkman number slows down the blood temperature, while continuous injection of the Casson number decreases both velocity and temperature distribution.
The kagebushin-beta distribution: an alternative for gamma, Weibull and exponentiated exponential distributions
Authors: Ribeiro-Reis Lucas David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA new lifetime distribution has been defined. This distribution is obtained from a transformation of a random variable with beta distribution and is called here the kagebushin-beta distribution. Some mathematical properties such as mode, quantile function, ordinary and incomplete moments, mean deviations over the mean and median and the entropies of Rényi and Shannon are demonstrated. The maximum likelihood method is used to obtain parameter estimates. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to verify the accuracy of the maximum likelihood estimators. Applications to real data showed that the kagebushin-beta model can be better than the Weibull, gamma and exponentiated exponential distributions.
Metastatic non-muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder: a case report
Authors: Shaikh Sana , Arain Kashaf Anwar , Shakil Shaheera , Rashid Rahma 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Axillary lymphadenopathy is a common clinical presentation of variety of benign and malignant diseases. However, majority of patients with unilateral axillary lymph node enlargement have an underlying malignancy in which association with breast carcinoma being the commonest one. In most of these patients there will be a discernible primary tumor, either clinically or radiologically. However, in axillary lymphadenopathy with negative mammogram is not very common, and in this case other malignant causes should also be considered in addition to occult breast cancer and these can be metastases from other primary tumors for, e.g., lung, genitourinary tract, gastrointestinal, ovarian, thyroid carcinomas and malignant melanoma.
Axillary node is an uncommon site of metastases from Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of urinary bladder even from its muscle invasive form, and distant metastasis from low grade superficial tumors without muscle invasion or regional metastasis is a very rare occurrence. Here we present a case of axillary nodal metastases from non-muscle invasive (superficial) bladder cancer without history of local recurrence and regional metastases.

Case presentation
We present a case of female patient who complaint of hard swelling in right axilla and right breast enlargement. Patient had past history of non-muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder (pTa, grade II A) which had been treated accordingly. No recurrence of bladder growth had been observed on serial check cystoscopies. On clinical examination of breast and axilla, right breast appears enlarged and there were palpable hard fixed axillary lymph nodes. Ultrasound showed enlarged malignant looking lymph nodes. Occult breast carcinoma with metastatic axillary lymph nodes was our initial impression; however, subsequent biopsy of axillary lymph nodes showed Transitional cell carcinoma.

Conclusions
This patient’s case emphasizes the importance of having sound knowledge of natural behavior of primary tumor and common and uncommon sites of distant metastases. The causes of unilateral axillary lymphadenopathy include both benign and malignant disease.
Nonlinear analysis of Euler beams resting on a tensionless soil with arbitrary configurations
Authors: Abdelfatah Heba , Heshmat Tamer , Elshabrawy Mohamed 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The nonlinear interaction between an elastic Euler beam and a tensionless soil foundation is studied. The exact analytical solutions of the nonlinear problem are rather complicated. The main difficulty is imposing compatibility conditions at lift-off points. These points are determined as a part of the solution, although being needed to get the solution itself. In the current work, semi-analytical solutions are derived using the Rayleigh–Ritz method. The principle of vanishing variation of potential energy is adopted. The solution is approximated using a set of suitable trial functions. Accurate high-order approximate analytical solutions are obtained using MAXIMA symbolic manipulator. Lift-off points are identified through an iterative procedure and compatibility conditions are satisfied automatically. The methodology is designed to accommodate arbitrary configurations for the load distribution and the beam properties.

Results
Exact solutions are revised briefly to verify the semi-analytical solutions in terms of deflection, bending moment, and shear. Semi-analytical solutions for constant beam properties including various support conditions and load distributions are verified. Convergence of high-order semi-analytical solutions is illustrated for cases including one and two contact points. A parametric study is provided to illustrate the effect of soil stiffness on the contact length. The case of a finite beam with free ends is considered. The semi-analytical solutions for variable beam moment of inertia are provided and verified.

Conclusions
Highly accurate semi-analytical solutions can be obtained for the problem considered using the Rayleigh–Ritz method along with a symbolic manipulator. Arbitrary load and support configurations can be modeled, and the locations of lift-off points are well predicted. The semi-analytical solutions are extremely valuable for cases of variable moment inertia since exact solutions are rather rare.
Health literacy on COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccinations in Indonesia
Authors: Kalanjati Viskasari P. , Hasanatuludhhiyah Nurina , d'Arqom Annette , Muhammad Azlin , Marchianti Ancah Caesarina Novi , Arsyi Danial Habri , Permana Putu Bagus Dharma , Susila I Made Dwi Yudiartana Putra , Pratiwi Octaviana Galuh , Purwitasari Diana 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Health literacy on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects people’s capability to ascertain their health and health care quality during the pandemic. The objective of this study was to determine the levels of health literacy about COVID-19 vaccines and vaccinations (Vaccines and Vaccinations literacy-VL) in the Indonesian adult general population, assessing the perceptions of the respondents about current adult immunization and beliefs about vaccinations in general, and analyzing correlations of these variables with the VL levels. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a rapid survey was administered via the Internet. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics; the internal consistency of the VL scales was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient; the inter-correlation between the functional and interactive-critical VL questions, the underlying components (factors) and each question’s load on the components were identified using a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). An alpha level lesser than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Responses to functional- and interactive/ critical- VL questions were acceptable and showed internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.817 and 0.699, respectively), lowest values observed were 0.806 for functional scale and 0.640 for the interactive-critical scale. The PCA demonstrated that there were two components accounting for 52.45% of the total variability. Approximately 60% of respondents were females (n=686). Almost all respondents used the internet to seek information regarding COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccinations. Many used at least one social media actively with 74.4% of respondents sometimes believing the validity of this information. Conclusions: High scores were observed in both functional- and interactive/ critical-VL, and were quite in a balance between sexes in the prior VL and higher in females for the latter; these were also closely related to the educational level and age group. It is crucial to increase public health literacy in managing the pandemic.