bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Britain’s ‘favoured response’ to crises: a critical review of existing literature on public inquiries
Authors: Critch Nathan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPublic inquiries are a crucial part of British governance but academic reflections on them are fragmented, and existing scholarship is underappreciated within wider debates. In this review, I counteract this underappreciation and fragmentation by comprehensively organizing and critiquing this literature for the first time. I conceptualize inquiries literature as organized around the question of inquiry functionality, with inquiries considered either to provide accountability, or to serve the interests of the state. I then explore three limitations within this literature: (1) it often lacks a clear definition of the public inquiry; (2) both views of inquiry functionality are somewhat unconvincing (the first view takes inquiries at face value, while the latter adopts a problematic conception of state power); (3) the literature has methodological limitations which hamper attempts to generalize effectively about inquiries. This suggests that new research on inquiries should be clear in its definitional and sampling choices, engage with contemporary theoretical literature on the (British) state in order to conceptualize inquiry functionality more convincingly, and engage with primary data and novel methodological approaches over light single-case studies in order to establish a solid evidential basis on which to make general claims.
Association measures for collocation extraction
Authors: Su Qi , Gu Chen , Liu Pengyuan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this study, we propose a new evaluation scheme to assess the strengths and limitations of collocation extraction measures and explore type-sensitive methods for extracting collocations. We introduced the pooling strategy widely used in Information Retrieval and automated the evaluation process using online dictionaries. Sixteen well-known metrics are evaluated based on their effectiveness and then distributional and linguistic compared. The results show that Group A methods (e.g. z-score, Dice, PMI) are more effective in extracting low-frequency collocations with relatively small extraction scales. In contrast, Group B methods (e.g. t-test, LMI, LLR) perform better at finding high-frequency collocations, most of which outperform Group A methods as the extraction scale increases. Moreover, Group A prefers NN collocations, while Group B identifies collocations with a wide range of syntactic structures. This study provides suggestions for studies to identify hybrid extraction methods as well as for language educators and dictionary compilers.
Generation of a coherent squeezed-like state defined with the Lie–Trotter product formula using a nonlinear photonic crystal
Authors: Azuma Hiroo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate how to generate coherent squeezed-like light using a nonlinear photonic crystal. Because the photonic crystal reduces the group velocity of the incident light, if it is composed of a material with a second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility

χ

(
2
)

, the interaction between the nonlinear material and the light passing through it strengthens and the quantum state of the emitted light is largely squeezed. Thus, we can generate a coherent squeezed-like light with a resonating cavity in which the nonlinear photonic crystal is placed. This coherent squeezed-like state is defined with the Lie–Trotter product formula and its mathematical expression is different from those of conventional coherent squeezed states. We show that we can obtain this coherent squeezed-like state with a squeezing level 15.9 dB practically by adjusting the physical parameters for our proposed method. Feeding the squeezed light whose average number of photons is given by one or two into a beam splitter and splitting the flow of the squeezed light into a pair of entangled light beams, we estimate their entanglement quantitatively. This paper is a sequel to Azuma (2022 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.
55 315106).
An improved graph convolutional networks for fault diagnosis of rolling bearing with limited labeled data
Authors: Xiao Xiangqu , Li Chaoshun , Huang Jie , Yu Tian , Wong Pak Kin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Rolling bearings are essential parts of rotating equipment. Due to their unique operating environment, bearings are vulnerable to failure. Graph neural network (GNN) provides an effective way of mining relationships between data samples. However, various existing GNN models suffer from issues like poor graph-structured data quality and high computational consumption. Moreover, the available fault samples are typically insufficient in real practice. Therefore, an improved graph convolutional network (GCN) is proposed for bearing fault diagnosis with limited labeled data. This method consists of two steps: graph structure data acquisition and improved graph convolution network building. Defining edge failure thresholds simplifies the generated weighted graph-structured data, thereby enhancing data quality and reducing training computation costs. Improvements to standard GCNs can effectively aggregate data features of different receptive field sizes without noticeably raising the computational complexity of the model. Experiments with limited labeled data are conducted on two public datasets and an actual experimental platform dataset to verify the superiority of the proposed method. In addition, experiments on imbalanced datasets also fully demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method.
Separation of multi-echo overlapping ultrasonic signals for increasing the axial resolution using a neural network
Authors: Li Dongxun , Chen Zhaoqi , Zhang Yulong , Zhao Sheng , Liu Wangyu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The ultrasonic pulse-echo method plays a significant role in ultrasonic thickness measurement. However, when the measured thickness is relatively thin, it is universal for the reflected ultrasonic echoes to overlap in the time domain which constrains the achievable resolution using the conventional pulse-echo method. A deep learning network for multi-echo overlapping ultrasonic signals separation under the constraint of an ultrasonic transducer with specific center frequency and bandwidth was proposed to enhance the axial resolution. With this model, the adaptive separation of overlapping signals with an unknown number of echoes is achieved by extracting detailed features of the overlapping signals. An overlapping signal training dataset based on truncated Nakagami functions is constructed to train the network. Simulation experiments under different degrees of overlap and noise levels were conducted for the performance analysis. Simulation results manifested the performance advantage of proposed separation method over some traditional separation methods. Further, ultrasonic thickness measurement experiments were performed on thin-walled aluminum alloy plates with various thicknesses, demonstrating feasibility and practicability of the network over traditional separation methods.
Electrochemical activated molybdenum oxides based multiphase heterostructures with high hydrogen evolution activity in alkaline condition
Authors: Xu Chao , Chang Pu , Liu Zongli , Guan Lixiu , Wang Xiaohu , Tao Junguang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Electrochemical activation is an effective method for synthesizing economically feasible heterogeneous hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts. Herein, we first synthesized MoO2-Co2Mo3O8 precatalyst, which was electrochemically activated to produce K2Mo3O10 within the original phase to form the heterogeneous structure. The electrochemically activated samples demonstrate exceptional HER activity in alkaline medium, which exhibit a low overpotential of 31 mV at current density of 10 mA cm−2 (135 mV at 100 mA cm−2), as well as a small Tafel slope of 34 mV dec−1. This is due to the creation of multiphase heterostructures that prompt interfacial interactions and accelerate charge transfer. Simultaneously, the creation of additional active sites increases their intrinsic activities. The combined effects collectively enhance the HER performance. The application of this method in the preparation of HER catalysts is still relatively unexplored, thus rendering our work a pioneering contribution to the field.
Mechanical properties of hockey sticks: practical introduction to elasticity
Authors: Pecháček Matěj , Šlégrová Leontýna , Šlégr Jan , Voglová Kateřina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
An ordinary ice hockey stick is nowadays a sophisticated product made of composite material. In this article, we describe a simple measurement of the mechanical properties of hockey sticks using the three-point flexural test. This experiment can be used to support teaching about elasticity. We show how the properties of a hockey stick change after its repair and how these mechanical properties can be easily modelled using computer software, which can be a first introduction to the finite element method.
Dosimetry for radiobiological in vivo experiments at laser plasma-based proton accelerators
Authors: Reimold Marvin , Assenbaum Stefan , Bernert Constantin , Beyreuther Elke , Brack Florian-Emanuel , Karsch Leonhard , Kraft Stephan D , Kroll Florian , Nossula Alexej , Pawelke Jörg , Rehwald Martin , Schlenvoigt Hans-Peter , Schramm Ulrich , Umlandt Marvin E P , Zeil Karl , Ziegler Tim , Metzkes-Ng Josefine 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective. Laser plasma-based accelerators (LPAs) of protons can contribute to research of ultra-high dose rate radiobiology as they provide pulse dose rates unprecedented at medical proton sources. Yet, LPAs pose challenges regarding precise and accurate dosimetry due to the high pulse dose rates, but also due to the sources’ lower spectral stability and pulsed operation mode. For in vivo models, further challenges arise from the necessary small field dosimetry for volumetric dose distributions. For these novel source parameters and intended applications, a dosimetric standard needs to be established. Approach. In this work, we present a dosimetry and beam monitoring framework for in vivo irradiations of small target volumes with LPA protons, solving aforementioned challenges. The volumetric dose distribution in a sample (mean dose value and lateral/depth dose inhomogeneity) is provided by combining two independent dose measurements using radiochromic films (dose rate-independent) and ionization chambers (dose rate-dependent), respectively. The unique feature of the dosimetric setup is beam monitoring with a transmission time-of-flight spectrometer to quantify spectral fluctuations of the irradiating proton pulses. The resulting changes in the depth dose profile during irradiation of an in vivo sample are hence accessible and enable pulse-resolved depth dose correction for each dose measurement. Main results. A first successful small animal pilot study using an LPA proton source serves as a testcase for the presented dosimetry approach and proves its performance in a realistic setting. Significance. With several facilities worldwide either setting up or already using LPA infrastructure for radiobiological studies with protons, the importance of LPA-adapted dosimetric frameworks as presented in this work is clearly underlined.
Modeling of magnetorheological dampers based on a dual-flow neural network with efficient channel attention
Authors: Li Jiahao , Luo Jiayang , Zhang Feng , Zhou Wei , Wei Xin , Liao Changrong , Shou Mengjie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Magnetorheological dampers (MRDs) are intelligent devices for semi-active control and are widely applied in vibration isolation. A high-fidelity modeling method is necessary to take full advantage of the controllable properties of MRDs. Therefore, a nested long short-term memory (NLSTM)-convolutional neural network-efficient channel attention (NLCE) modeling method based on a dual-flow neural network architecture is proposed herein. It uses the time, current, amplitude, frequency, displacement, and velocity as inputs and the damping force as the output. Extensive sinusoidal excitation experiments were conducted using a materials test system and two datasets (large and small sample numbers) were obtained. Five testing sets with different emphases were obtained from different experimental series. Four evaluation indexes were used for a quantitative comparison. First, after training with the large sample dataset, network ablation and comparison experiments were conducted based on a testing set-1. The mean absolute relative error (MARE) evaluation index decreased by 2.290% relative to that of the NLSTM (baseline), indicating that the NLCE method is optimal for predicting the motion characteristics of MRDs. Furthermore, after training with the small sample dataset, comparison experiments were conducted based on testing set-1 and testing set-2. The MAREs decreased by 3.984% and 0.871% relative to that of the NLSTM (baseline), respectively, indicating that the NLCE is also the best modeling method for small sample dataset. The visualization results from the above experiments verified the abilities of the NLCE modeling method for small sample-adaptation, fighting randomness, and identifying similarities. Finally, based on testing set-3, testing set-4 and testing set-5, the NLCE model trained with small sample datasets has high prediction accuracy in predicting the peak damping force (MAREs = 1.456%, 0.880%, and 1.482%, respectively), indicating a high prediction accuracy in the non-hysteretic region. Combining all of the experimental results shows that the NLCE is an effective method for predicting the motion characteristics of MRDs.
Non-Markovian quantum state diffusion for spin environments
Authors: Link Valentin , Luoma Kimmo , Strunz Walter T 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We introduce an exact open system method to describe the dynamics of quantum systems that are strongly coupled to specific types of environments comprising of spins, such as central spin systems. Our theory is similar to the established non-Markovian quantum state diffusion theory, but for a spin bath instead of a Gaussian bath. The method allows us to represent the time-evolved reduced state of the system as an ensemble average of stochastically evolving pure states. We present a comprehensive theory for arbitrary linear spin environments at both zero and finite temperatures. Furthermore, we introduce a hierarchical expansion method that enables the numerical computation of the time evolution of the stochastic pure states, facilitating a numerical solution of the open system problem in relevant strong coupling regimes.
Analysis of atomic-clock data to constrain variations of fundamental constants
Authors: Sherrill Nathaniel , Parsons Adam O , Baynham Charles F A , Bowden William , Anne Curtis E , Hendricks Richard , Hill Ian R , Hobson Richard , Margolis Helen S , Robertson Billy I , Schioppo Marco , Szymaniec Krzysztof , Tofful Alexandra , Tunesi Jacob , Godun Rachel M , Calmet Xavier 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe present a new framework to study the time variation of fundamental constants in a model-independent way. Model independence implies more free parameters than assumed in previous studies. Using data from atomic clocks based on87Sr,171Yb+and133Cs, we set bounds on parameters controlling the variation of the fine-structure constant,α, and the electron-to-proton mass ratio,µ. We consider variations on timescales ranging from a minute to almost a day. In addition, we use our results to derive some of the tightest limits to date on the parameter space of models of ultralight dark matter and axion-like particles.
Probing non-standard neutrino interactions with interference: insights from dark matter and neutrino experiments
Authors: Park Jong-Chul , Tomar Gaurav 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Neutrino-electron scattering experiments play a crucial role in investigating the non-standard interactions of neutrinos.
In certain models, these interactions can include interference terms that may affect measurements.
Next-generation direct detection experiments, designed primarily for dark-matter searches, are also getting sensitive to probe the neutrino properties.
We utilise the data from XENONnT, a direct detection experiment, and Borexino, a low-energy solar neutrino experiment, to investigate the impact of interference on non-standard interactions.
Our study considers models with an additional U(1)
B-L
, including U(1), U(1)
L
e
-
L
µ
, and U(1)
L
e
-
L
τ
, to investigate the impact of interference on non-standard neutrino interactions. We demonstrate that this interference can lead to a transition between the considered non-standard interaction models in the energy range relevant to both the XENONnT and Borexino experiments.
This transition can be used to distinguish among the considered models if any signals are observed at direct detection or neutrino experiments.
Our findings underscore the importance of accounting for the interference and incorporating both direct detection and solar neutrino experiments to gain a better understanding of neutrino interactions and properties.
The self-confinement of electrons and positrons from dark matter
Authors: Regis Marco , Korsmeier Michael , Bernardi Gianni , Pignataro Giada , Reynoso-Cordova Javier , Ullio Piero 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Radiative emissions from electrons and positrons generated by dark matter (DM) annihilation or decay are one of the most investigated signals in indirect searches of WIMPs.
Ideal targets must have large ratio of DM to baryonic matter. However, such “dark” systems have a poorly known level of magnetic turbulence, which determines the residence time of the electrons and positrons and therefore also the strength of the expected signal. This typically leads to significant uncertainties in the derived DM bounds.
In a novel approach, we compute the self-confinement of the DM-induced electrons and positrons. Indeed, they themselves generate irregularities in the magnetic field, thus setting a lower limit on the presence of the magnetic turbulence.
We specifically apply this approach to dwarf spheroidal galaxies.
Finally, by comparing the expected synchrotron emission with radio data from the direction of the Draco galaxy collected at the Giant Metre Radio Telescope, we show that the proposed approach can be used to set robust and competitive bounds on WIMP DM.
Spectral and polarimetric characterization of the Gas Microchannel plate Pixel Detector
Authors: Feng Huan-Bo , Liu Hong-Bang , Xie Yan-Jun , Fan Zong-Wang , Wang Dong , Liu Shu-Lin , Liu Qian , Li Hang-Zhou , Xie Fei , Liang En-Wei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Gas Microchannel plate Pixel Detector (GMPD) is used to
measure X-ray polarization in astrophysical sources, and is the
prototype of the Low Energy Polarimeter Detector (LPD) in the
POLAR-2 project. The choice of the detector's gas mixture has a
profound impact on its sensitivity to polarized X-rays. Here, we
present the characteristics of the GMPD filled with a mixture of
40% He and 60%DME at 0.8 atm. Using Bragg diffraction, we
generated nearly fully polarized and monochromatic X-rays at an
angle of approximately 45°, and for the first time, we
measured the modulation factor and spectral capability at energies
of 2.98 keV, 4.51 keV, 6.40 keV, and 8.05 keV. The energy
resolution measured is 18% at 6.40 keV, inversely proportional
to the square root of the X-ray energy. The measured modulation
factors were close to those obtained for the GPD developed by
INFN-Pisa and INAF/IASF-Rome, reaching approximately 0.5 above
6 keV, allowing a comparison of the sensitivity of the GMPD and
GPD.
Acceptance tests of Hamamatsu R7081 photomultiplier tubes
Authors: Akindele O.A. , Bernstein A. , Boyd S. , Burns J. , Calle M. , Coleman J. , Collins R. , Ezeribe A.C. , He J. , Holt G. , Jewkes K. , Jones R. , Kneale L. , Lewis P. , Malek M. , Mauger C. , Mitra A. , Muheim F. , Needham M. , Paling S.M. , Pickard L. , Quillin S. , Rex J. , Scovell P.R. , Shaw T. , Smith G.D. , Soos G. , Toth C. , Valder S. , Wade B. , Willett H. , Wilson S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are traditionally an integral part of large underground experiments as they measure the light emission from particle interactions within the enclosed detection media. The BUTTON experiment will utilise around 100 PMTs to measure the response of different media suitable for rare event searches. A subset of low-radioactivity 10-inch Hamamatsu R7081 PMTs were tested, characterised, and compared to manufacture certification. This manuscript describes the laboratory tests and analysis of gain, peak-to-valley ratio and dark rate of the PMTs to give an understanding of the charge response, signal-to-noise ratio and dark noise background as an acceptance test of the suitability of these PMTs for water-based detectors. Following the evaluation of these tests, the PMT performance agreed with the manufacturer specifications. These results are imperative for modeling the PMT response in detector simulations and providing confidence in the performance of the devices once installed in the detector underground.
Benefits of Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging During Breast Tissue Expansion: Literature Review and Case Series
Authors: Clausen-Oreamuno Christine , Perez-Rodrigo Silvia , Stillaert Filip B J L , Tejerina Antonio , Tejerina Alejandro , Shellock Frank G 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Breast cancer results in up to 1.6 million new candidates for yearly breast reconstruction (BR) surgery. Two-stage breast reconstruction surgery with the use of a tissue expander (TE) is a common approach to reconstructing the breast after mastectomy. However, a common disadvantage encountered with the traditional breast TE is the magnetic injection port, which has been reported to cause injuries in patients undergoing magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Therefore this type of breast TE is labeled “MR unsafe.” Recent technological advances have incorporated radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology in the TE to allow for the location of the injection port without magnetic components, resulting in an MR-conditional TE. This paper aims to review the information regarding the safety profile of TEs with magnetic ports and to gather distinct clinical scenarios in which an MR-conditional TE benefits the patient during the BR process. A literature review ranging from 2018 to 2022 was performed with the search terms: “tissue expander” OR “breast tissue expander” AND “magnetic resonance imaging” OR “MRI.” Additionally, a case series was collected from each of the authors’ practices. The literature search yielded 13 recent peer-reviewed papers, and 6 distinct clinical scenarios were compiled and discussed. Most clinicians find MRI examinations to be the state-of-art diagnostic imaging modality. However, due to the preexisting risks associated with TEs with magnetic ports, the MRI labeling classification should be considered when deciding which TE is the most appropriate for the patient requiring MRI examinations.

Level of Evidence: 4
Immunological Monitoring in Hepatitis C Virus Controlled Human Infection Model
Authors: Shoukry Naglaa H , Cox Andrea L , Walker Christopher M 
Published: August 2023

AbstractControlled human infection model trials for hepatitis C virus represent an important opportunity to identify correlates of protective immunity against a well-characterized inoculum of hepatitis C virus and how such responses are modified by vaccination. In this article, we discuss the approach to immunological monitoring during such trials, including a set of recommendations for optimal sampling schedule and preferred immunological assays to examine the different arms of the immune response. We recommend that this approach be adapted to different trial designs. Finally, we discuss how these studies can provide surrogate predictors of the success of candidate vaccines.