bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the economics of the longevity risk transfer market
Authors: Börger Matthias , Freimann Arne , Ruß Jochen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe present a model of a longevity risk transfer market with different market players (primary insurers, reinsurers, and capital market investors) and investigate how market dynamics and the market players' roles evolve with progressing market saturation. We find that reinsurers' appetite for longevity risk is the key driver in the early stage of market development. Since diversification benefits with other businesses decrease with every transaction, the reinsurance market is intrinsically antimonopolistic. With the increasing saturation of the reinsurance sector as a whole, its competitiveness shrinks leading to rising expected risk‐adjusted returns for capital market investors. We show that in a saturated market, reinsurers should assume the entire longevity risk from primary insurers, diversify it within their business mix, and subsequently pass on only specific (nondiversifiable) components of the longevity risk to the capital markets. Our findings provide valuable suggestions on how to make the best use of the market's limited risk absorption capacity.
“They always want to argue with you”: Navigating raciolinguistic ideologies at airport security
Authors: Sterk Pippa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the aftermath of the Holocaust, Dutch public discourse promotes a self‐image of the Netherlands as ‘innocently’ post‐racial, a place where distinctions are drawn based on cultural differences rather than bodily characteristics. However, this innocence is called into question when groups or individuals, who culturally, legally and linguistically ‘fit’ within the Netherlands, are still racialised to the point of not being recognised as properly Dutch.This paper uses a feminist approach to autoethnography and critical discourse analysis to explore the author's racialised/racialising experiences of Dutch airport security, and how these experiences are both informed by and themselves re‐inform wider enactments of normative raciolinguistic ideologies. Drawing on theorisations of the links among language, embodiment and (self‐)surveillance by Sara Ahmed and Samy Alim, this paper argues that although markers of citizenship and linguistic ability can be fluidly employed and engaged with, raciolinguistic categorisation is still heavily influenced by bodily appearance.
Nutritional ecology of European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus): Factors affecting chemical composition of gastric content
Authors: Marín‐García Pablo Jesús , Llobat Lola , Aguayo‐Adán Juan Antonio , Franch Jorge , Cambra‐López María , Blas Enrique , Pascual Juan José , Rouco Carlos 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNutritional ecology seeks to unravel the extensive web of nutritional links that directs animals in their interactions with their ecological and social environments. European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) populations its endemic locations are declining and it is considered a keystone species of the Mediterranean ecosystem prompteing the interest in its conservation. The main aim of this study was to determine the nutritional composition of the diet of European rabbits through the relative and absolute chemical composition of the gastric content. To address this objective, gastric content was collected from 80 European rabbits in a Mediterranean area for the analysis of its chemical composition. To this end, gastric content was analyzed for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ash, crude protein (CP), highly digestible nonnitrogenous nutrients (HDNN), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and lignin. The rabbits were divided into two groups: EMPTY and FULL, depending on the level of stomach filling, directly related to food intake. Our results revealed a positive correlation between the rabbits weight with DM in the gastric content, total gastric content with DM in the gastric content, and DM in gastric content with all chemical parameters analysed. The mean relative values obtained were 8.8%, 25.5%, 40.4% and 25.4%, for ash, CP, NDF and HDNN, respectively. Moreover, EMPTY rabbits had both a proportional (+19%, p = 0.002 and –40%; p = 0.004, on NDF and HDNN, respectively) and absolute (−38%, p = 0.014, –52%; p = 0.012, −52%; p = 0.011 and +83%; p = 0.008 for OM, ash, HDNN, and lignin, respectively) different proportion of nutrients in gastric contents than FULL animals. Since there is a connection between this availability and the fitness of this species, understanding the chemical composition of the rabbit's diet can be utilised to delve into its biology. Our study provides information that will help elucidate the factors affecting the chemical composition of the gastric content of European rabbits to assist land use planners and conservationists in identifying sites for conservation in Mediterranean ecosystems.
Trajectories of glycaemic traits exhibit sex‐specific associations with hepatic iron and fat content: Results from the KORA‐MRI study
Authors: Niedermayer Fiona , Su Yaqi , von Krüchten Ricarda , Thorand Barbara , Peters Annette , Rathmann Wolfgang , Roden Michael , Schlett Christopher L. , Bamberg Fabian , Nattenmüller Johanna , Rospleszcz Susanne 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a major disease burden in the population. While the bidirectional association between NAFLD and diabetes is established, little is known about the association of hepatic iron content and glycaemia. Moreover, analyses of sex‐specific effects and of dynamic changes in glycaemia are scarce.MethodsWe investigated 7‐year sex‐specific trajectories of glycaemia and related traits (HbA1c, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA‐IR, 2‐h glucose and cross‐sectional 2‐h insulin) in a sample from a population‐based cohort (N = 365; 41.1% female). Hepatic iron and fat content were assessed by 3T‐Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Two‐step multi‐level models adjusted for glucose‐lowering medication and confounders were applied.ResultsIn women and men, markers of glucose metabolism correlated with hepatic iron and fat content. Deterioration of glycaemia was associated with increased hepatic iron content in men (normoglycaemia to prediabetes: beta = 2.21 s−1, 95% CI [0.47, 3.95]). Additionally, deterioration of glycaemia (e.g. prediabetes to diabetes: 1.27 log(%), [0.84, 1.70]) and trajectories of glucose, insulin and HOMA‐IR were significantly associated with hepatic fat content in men. Similarly, deterioration of glycaemia as well as trajectories of glucose, insulin and HOMA‐IR was significantly associated with increased hepatic fat content in women (e.g. trajectory of fasting insulin: 0.63 log(%), [0.36, 0.90]).ConclusionsUnfavourable 7‐year trajectories of markers of glucose metabolism are associated with increased hepatic fat content, particularly in women, whereas the association with hepatic iron content was less clear. Monitoring changes of glycaemia in the sub‐diabetic range might enable early identification of hepatic iron overload and steatosis.
Professional identity struggle and ideology: A qualitative study of residents' experiences
Authors: Sawatsky Adam P. , Matchett Caroline L. , Hafferty Frederic W. , Cristancho Sayra , Ilgen Jonathan S. , Bynum William E. , Varpio Lara 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionTo enter a profession is to take on a new identity. Professional identity formation can be difficult, with medical learners struggling to adopt professional norms. The role of ideology in medical socialisation may offer insight into these tensions experienced by medical learners. Ideology is the system of ideas and representations that dominates the minds of individuals or social groups and calls individuals into certain ways of being and acting in the world. In this study, we use the concept of ideology to explore residents' experiences with identity struggle during residency.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative exploration of residents in three specialties at three academic institutions in the United States. Participants engaged in a 1.5‐hour session involving a rich picture drawing and one‐on‐one interview. Interview transcripts were coded and analysed iteratively, with developing themes compared concurrently to newly collected data. We met regularly to develop a theoretical framework to explain findings.ResultsWe identified three ways that ideology contributed to residents' identity struggle. First was the intensity of work and perceived expectations of perfectionism. Second were tensions between the developing professional identity and pre‐existing personal identities. Many residents perceived messages regarding the subjugation of personal identities, including the feeling that being more than physicians was impossible. Third were instances where the imagined professional identity clashed with the reality of medical practice. Many residents described how their ideals misaligned with normative professional ideals, constraining their ability to align their practice and ideals.ConclusionThis study uncovers an ideology that shapes residents' developing professional identity—an ideology that creates struggle as it calls them in impossible, competing or even contradictory ways. As we uncover the hidden ideology of medicine, learners, educators and institutions can play a meaningful role in supporting identity development in medical learners through dismantling and rebuilding its damaging elements.
Modified technique for endobronchial blocker placement in pediatric patients undergoing thoracic surgery
Authors: Mohammad Shazia , Cameron Staci , Jain Ranu , Griffin Evelyn , Matuszczak Maria 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundOne lung ventilation (OLV) in small children can be achieved using an Arndt endobronchial blocker (AEBB), but it presents challenges. OLV during thoracic procedures provides better surgical conditions and postoperative outcomes.AimTo report a novel technique to improve placement and repositioning of an extraluminal AEBB for OLV.Material and MethodsWe describe how an angled wire is successfully used for extraluminal AEBB placement in pediatric thoracic procedures.DiscussionSince 2017, we have successfully used this technic in over 50 infants and toddlers and overcome challenges of the classic OLV in this age group.ConclusionsThe described technique allows for fast, safe, and reliable OLV while maintaining the ability to reposition the AEBB.
Translation and validation of the ageism scale for dental students in Iran (ASDS‐Persian)
Authors: Charoosaee Akram , Dehghannejad Mandana , Fakheran Omid , Marchini Leonardo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsA longer life and the growing population of older adults are the achievements of the 20th century. The World Health Organization considers ageism an important barrier to age‐appropriate care for older adults. The aim of this study was to translate and validate the ageism scale for dental students in Iran (ASDS‐Persian).MethodsThe 27‐question ASDS was translated from English into Persian (Farsi) and completed by 275 dental students from two universities in Isfahan, Iran. Principal component analysis (PCA), internal consistency reliability, and discriminant validity were estimated. Furthermore, in this study we conducted an analytical cross sectional study among dental students of Isfahan province (two universities) with the aim of proving data regarding their ageism beliefs and attitudes.ResultsPCA revealed an 18‐question, four‐component scale with acceptable validity and reliability. The four components are ‘barriers/concerns on dental treatment in older adults’, ‘opinions about older adults’, ‘practitioner's perspective,’ and ‘older adults’ perspective’.ConclusionThis preliminary validation of ASDS‐Persian produced a new 18‐question scale with four components with acceptable validity and reliability. This instrument could be further tested in larger samples in Farsi speaking countries.
Ectoparasitic Mites: Vectors of Bacterial Symbionts among Insects
Authors: Shaikevich E. V. , Gorbacheva A. A. , Romanov D. A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Inherited endosymbiotic bacteria from the genera Rickettsia, Wolbachia, and Spiroplasma cause the death of male offspring in ladybirds (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). As a rule, bacteria are transmitted through the cytoplasm of the mother’s egg to offspring, vertically. In addition to vertical transfer, there is increasing evidence of horizontal transfer of symbionts between unrelated insect taxa. Insect parasites such as mites can be potential vectors of endosymbiotic bacteria. The parasitic mite Coccipolipus hippodamiae (McDaniel & Morrill, 1969) (Acarina: Podapolipidae) occurs in natural populations of Coccinellidae. In this work, the ability of C. hippodamiae to become infected with Wolbachia and Spiroplasma from hosts and to spread bacteria among coccinellid beetles was proven for the first time.
Non-efficacy of early intervention strategy for non-obese patients with early-onset gestational diabetes mellitus: solely based on the short-term outcomes
Authors: Nakanishi Sayuri , Aoki Shigeru , Kasai Junko , Shindo Ryosuke , Obata Soichiro , Hasegawa Yoshimi , Mochimaru Aya , Kurasawa Kentaro , Miyagi Etsuko 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionTo verify the effectiveness of intervention in early pregnancy for women with early-onset gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Research design and methodsThis study included women with a singleton pregnancy who were diagnosed with early-onset GDM by 20 weeks of gestation according to the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) threshold. We retrospectively evaluated the pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with early-onset GDM. In the treatment from early pregnancy group (n=286), patients were diagnosed with early-onset GDM at the Yokohama City University Medical Center (YCU-MC) in 2015–2017 and were treated for GDM from early pregnancy. Concerning the treatment from mid-pregnancy group (n=248), participants were diagnosed with early-onset GDM at five sites, including the YCU-MC in 2018–2019, and were followed up without treatment until the second 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24–28 weeks of gestation. Treatment for GDM was given only if the GDM pattern was still present in the second OGTT.ResultsThere were no significant differences in maternal backgrounds, including GDM risk factors and gestational weight gain, between the groups. Among the treatment from mid-pregnancy group, the false-positive early GDM was 124/248 (50%). Regarding pregnancy outcome, the rate of large for gestational age (LGA) was 8.8% in the treatment from early pregnancy group and 10% in the treatment from mid-pregnancy group, with no significant difference, whereas small for gestational age (SGA) was significantly higher in the treatment from early pregnancy group (9.4%) than in the treatment from mid-pregnancy group (4.8%) (p=0.046). There were no significant differences in maternal adverse events and neonatal outcomes between the groups. In a subanalysis limited to body mass index >25 kg/m2, LGA was significantly lower in the treatment from early pregnancy group than in the treatment from mid-pregnancy group.ConclusionsThe strategy for diagnosing GDM by IADPSG thresholds in early pregnancy and providing treatment to all patients from early pregnancy did not improve the pregnancy outcomes, but rather increased the SGA rate.
Dietary patterns in rural and metropolitan Australia: a cross-sectional study exploring dietary patterns, inflammation and association with cardiovascular disease risk factors
Authors: Alston Laura , Nichols Melanie , Allender Steven , Versace Vincent , Brown Leanne J , Schumacher Tracy , Howard George , Shikany James M , Bolton Kristy A , Livingstone Katherine , Zorbas Christina , Judd Suzanne E 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesThis study sought first to empirically define dietary patterns and to apply the novel Dietary Inflammation Score (DIS) in data from rural and metropolitan populations in Australia, and second to investigate associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingRural and metropolitan Australia.ParticipantsAdults over the age of 18 years living in rural or metropolitan Australia who participated in the Australian Health survey.Primary outcomesA posteriori dietary patterns for participants separated into rural and metropolitan populations using principal component analysis. Secondary outcomes: association of each dietary pattern and DIS with CVD risk factors was explored using logistic regression.ResultsThe sample included 713 rural and 1185 metropolitan participants. The rural sample was significantly older (mean age 52.7 compared with 48.6 years) and had a higher prevalence of CVD risk factors. Two primary dietary patterns were derived from each population (four in total), and dietary patterns were different between the rural and metropolitan areas. None of the identified patterns were associated with CVD risk factors in metropolitan or rural areas, aside diet pattern 2 being strongly associated with from self-reported ischaemic heart disease (OR 13.90 95% CI 2.29 to 84.3) in rural areas. There were no significant differences between the DIS and CVD risk factors across the two populations, except for a higher DIS being associated with overweight/obesity in rural areas.ConclusionExploration of dietary patterns between rural and metropolitan Australia shows differences between the two populations, possibly reflective of distinct cultures, socioeconomic factors, geography, food access and/or food environments in the different areas. Our study provides evidence that action targeting healthier dietary intakes needs to be tailored to rurality in the Australian context.
Randomised, controlled, open-label pragmatic trial evaluating changes in functional exercise capacity after primary carePUlmonaryREhabilitation in patients with long COVID: protocol of the PuRe-COVID trial in Belgium
Authors: Volckaerts Tess , Vissers Dirk , Burtin Chris , Van Meerbeeck Xavier , de Soomer Kevin , Oostveen Ellie , Claes Kim , Roelant Ella , Verhaegen Iris , Thomeer Michiel , Criel Maarten , Quadflieg Kirsten , Cops Dries , Ruttens David , Lapperre Thérèse S 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionLong COVID is a prevalent condition with many multisystemic symptoms, such as fatigue, dyspnoea, muscle weakness, anxiety, depression and sleep difficulties, impacting daily life and (social and physical) functioning. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) may improve physical status and symptoms of patients with long COVID, yet the evidence is limited. Therefore, this trial aims to study the effect of primary care PR on exercise capacity, symptoms, physical activity and sleep in patients with long COVID.Methods and analysisPuRe-COVID is a prospective, pragmatic, open-label, randomised controlled trial. A sample of 134 adult patients with long COVID will be randomised to a 12 week PR programme in primary care, supervised by a physiotherapist or to a control group, following no PR. A 3 month and 6 month follow-up period is foreseen. The primary endpoint will be the change in exercise capacity measured by 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) at 12 weeks, hypothesising a more significant improvement in the PR group. Other parameters, such as pulmonary function tests (including maximal inspiratory pressure/maximal expiratory pressure), patient-reported outcomes (COPD Assessment Test, modified Medical Research Council Dyspnoea Scale, Checklist Individual Strength, post-COVID-19 Functional Status, Nijmegen questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire and EuroQol-5D-5L), physical activity measured by an activity tracker, hand grip strength and sleep efficiency, are secondary and exploratory outcomes.The recruitment started on 19 April 2022, and 52 patients were included as of 14 December 2022.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained in Belgium from the relevant institutional review boards on 21 February 2022 (Antwerp University Hospital, approval number 2022-3067) and on 1 April 2022 (Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg in Genk, approval number Z-2022-01). Findings from this randomised controlled trial will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and presentations at international scientific meetings.Trial registration numberNCT05244044.
Comparing the effects of mHealth application based on micro-learning method and face-to-face training on treatment adherence and perception in haemodialysis patients: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Torabi Khah Mohsen , Farsi Zahra , Sajadi Seyedeh Azam 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesComparing the effects of a mobile health (mHealth) application based on the micro-learning method with face-to-face training on treatment adherence and perception among patients undergoing haemodialysis.DesignA single-blind randomised clinical trial.SettingA haemodialysis centre in Isfahan, Iran.ParticipantsSeventy patients.InterventionPatients were trained individually for 1 month via the mHealth application or face-to-face training.Outcome measuresTreatment adherence and perception in patients were measured and compared.ResultsThe scores of treatment adherence in the mHealth and the face-to-face training groups were not significantly different at the pre-intervention stage (720.43±209.61 vs 702.861±181.47, p=0.693) and immediately after the intervention (1007.14±134.84 vs 947.86±124.46, p=0.060), while 8 weeks later, treatment adherence in the mHealth group was significantly higher than the face-to-face training group (1018.57±129.66 vs 914.29±126.06, p=0.001). The scores of both groups before the intervention did not differ in various dimensions of treatment adherence and perception (p>0.05). Scores of these variables also elevated significantly after the intervention (p<0.05).ConclusionsThe mHealth based on micro-learning and face-to-face training as interventions augmented treatment adherence and perception among the haemodialysis patients, but such improvements were detected much more in the patients trained with mHealth based on the micro-learning method than face-to-face training.Trial registration numberIRCT20171216037895N5.