bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of fish oil supplementation on arterial stiffness and cognitive function in healthy adults: a pilot study
Authors: Pellinger Thomas , Gimblet Colin , Leaver Echo , Werner Timothy 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Elevated aortic and carotid artery stiffness are associated with subclinical brain damage and cognitive impairment. Fish oil (FO) is a popular dietary supplement that lowers blood pressure and aortic stiffness. However, the hypothesis that FO supplementation reduces carotid artery stiffness and improves cognitive function in healthy adults requires further investigation. Our objective was to determine the effects of FO supplementation on arterial stiffness and cognitive function in healthy adults. We hypothesized that 6-weeks of FO supplementation would lower arterial stiffness and improve cognitive function. Methods: 25 healthy adults were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arms intervention to investigate the effects of 6-week FO supplementation (4g/day) on vascular and cognitive function. Aortic stiffness was measured using applanation tonometry and quantified as carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and beta-stiffness index (bstiff), and carotid artery stiffness was determined using ultrasonography. Cognitive function was assessed using NIH toolbox cognitive battery. A two-way analysis of variance was used to test differences in treatment groups over time. Results: The mean (± SD) baseline age, body mass index, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure was 40.4 ± 20.6 years, 23.7 ± 2.4 kg/m2, 120.9 ± 14.7 mmHg, and 74.9 ± 12.4 mmHg in the fish oil group and 33.3 ± 14.5 years, 25.3 ± 3.9 kg/m2, 120.8 ± 6.4 mmHg, and 71.9 ± 7.8 mmHg in the placebo group, respectively. Compared to the national averages, our participants scored slightly above average (within one standard deviation) on all tests within the NIH cognitive battery. Within-group comparison revealed no differences in central or peripheral blood pressure, aortic or carotid stiffness, and cognitive function after fish oil supplementation (all p>0.05). Conclusion: Our preliminary data suggest that in healthy, cognitively normal adults, 6- weeks of FO supplementation does not impact indices of arterial stiffness or cognitive function. Further investigation with more participants and of longer duration is needed to confirm our findings regarding the effects of fish oil supplementation on carotid artery stiffness and cognitive function. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
TRPM8 channels do not regulate endothelium-dependent and -independent vascular reactivity in mice
Authors: Arishe Olufunke , Pontes Roberto , Kumar Ravi , Falayi Olufunke , Michael Olugbenga , Williams Jada , Adebiyi Adebowale 
Published: May 2023

Foremost among the ion channels that control vascular tone is the transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels. The TRPM subfamily of the TRP channels includes eight members, expressed in various excitable and non-excitable cells and involved in diverse functions, such as sensing membrane potential, cold, taste, redox, osmolarity, and cell survival. Previous analysis of TRPM gene expression showed the highest expression of TRPM8 in intact blood vessels compared with other isoforms (TRPM1-7). Studies have also revealed that activating TRPM8 by menthol and icilin modulates endothelium-dependent and independent vascular reactivity. However, the non-selectivity of pharmacological TRPM8 modulators constitutes a significant limitation in the prior studies aimed at delineating TRPM8-dependent vasoregulation. In this study, we demonstrate that acetylcholine (ACH)- and sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced reduction in arterial pressure was unaltered in mice lacking TRPM8. We generated endothelial-specific knockout (KO) of TRPM8 (ecTRPM8-/-) by breeding TRPM8 floxed (TRPM8fl/fl) with Cdh5-Cre (VE-Cadherin-Cre) mice. Unlike global TRPM8 KO, ecTRPM8-/- mice were not resistant to cold temperatures. Phenylephrine-induced contraction of renal and mesenteric arteries isolated from TRPM8fl/fl and ecTRPM8-/- mice were similar. Also, ACH- and SNP-induced relaxation of phenylephrine-precontracted renal and mesenteric arteries from TRPM8fl/fl and ecTRPM8-/- mice were comparable. These findings suggest that TRPM8 channels do not regulate endothelium-dependent and -independent vasorelaxation in mice. Disclosure of Funding: NHLBI: R01 HL151735-01 and R01HL151735-S This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Possible role of heme iron for mitochondrial homeostasis in the heart of Friedreich's ataxia at early stage
Authors: Kim Yuho , Dhorajia Varun , Cheng Ruiying , Kim Jonghan 
Published: May 2023

Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA) is a rare genetic disorder that progressively develops cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction (i.e., cardiomyopathy) along with neurodegenerative problems. Although this disease is largely caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, the underlying mechanism is unclear particularly in the heart. Using FRDA mouse model (YG8s(GAA)>800; Jackson Laboratory; #030395), we have sought to characterize the phenotype and mitochondrial markers that may be important for the development of FRDA cardiac complication. Here, we observed cardiac hypertrophy at 2-3 months old, as evidenced by increased levels of both ANP (Atrial natriuretic peptide) and BNP (Brain natriuretic peptide) in the heart of FRDA mice as compared to control mice (FXN carrier), as well as increased ratio of heart weight to body weight ( p>0.05). However, mitochondrial oxidative markers (e.g., OXPHOS, aconitase activity) were shown to be similar between FRDA and control mice, suggesting that mitochondrial function is maintained in the heart of FRDA mice at early stage. Notably, we observed that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein levels are significantly upregulated in the FRDA heart. Although increased HO-1 activity is known to elevate free iron levels, non-heme iron levels were slightly lower in the FRDA heart. Therefore, it may be possible that mitochondria can sustain their functionality in the heart of FRDA at early stage, at least in part, through altering heme iron metabolism. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Plasma exosome derived MiR221 as a driver of long term hypoxia induced aberrations in pulmonary arterial phenotype in fetal sheep
Authors: Sierra Julio , Gheorghe Ciprian , Leslie Eric , Dasgupta Chiranjib , Brito Alex , Zhang Lubo , Newman John , La Frano Michael , Fiehn Oliver , Wilson Sean 
Published: May 2023

Pregnancy at high altitude (> 2500 meters) reduces oxygenation to the fetus (i.e., gestational hypoxia). The low oxygenation causes abnormal fetal lung development, with pulmonary arteries becoming thicker and dysfunctional. Associated with these structural and functional aberrations there is an increased risk of pulmonary hypertension, an intractable disease that increases infant mortality. Our previous work using a gestational high-altitude sheep model shows that the fetus has pulmonary vascular remodeling, heart dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, metabolomic alterations and inflammatory responses. To better understand the relationships between inflammation, vascular remodeling, and the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension, we used a multi-omic approach examining pulmonary arteries and plasma exosomes in fetal sheep exposed to high altitude (3801 meters) for most of pregnancy (110+ days out of 138-141 days of pregnancy). We sought to understand the role of exosome derived microRNA as drivers of the malformations in fetal pulmonary vascular development using ingenuity pathway analysis of exosomal microRNA in combination with pulmonary arterial metabolites and proteins. Transcriptomic analysis showed that miR221 was upregulated in plasma exosomes. Pathway analysis identified a miR221 - AKT dependent signaling axis as a candidate pathway that downregulates pulmonary arterial expression of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain 11 and multiple collagen isoforms. Although the pathway analysis needs validation, the predictions show that changes in plasma exosomes are likely coordinated to discrete alterations in proteins coupled to smooth muscle phenotype and arterial wall structure. These effects are predicted to be linked to pulmonary arterial aberrations associated with the development of pulmonary hypertension in response to gestational hypoxia. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health Grants R03HD098477, a West Coast Metabolomics Center Pilot Project, NIH R01HL155295, R01HL149608, R03HD098477, P01HD083132, R01HL149608, and U24DK097154. Additional support was provided by the USDA to JWN [Intramural Projects 2032-51530-022-00D, 2032-51530-025-00D]. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not represent the official views of the NIH or USDA. The USDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Clinicopathologic Analysis of COVID‐19 Associated Thrombi in the Setting of Large Vessel Occlusion: A Prospective Case–Control Study
Authors: Sheriff Faheem , Lavezo Jonathan , Floresca Ryan , Chaudhury Mohammad Rauf , Colina Gabriela , Regenhardt Robert , Gupta Vikas , Rodriguez Gustavo , Maud Alberto 
Published: May 2023

Background
Acute ischemic stroke secondary to large vessel occlusion is among the most serious complications associated with COVID‐19 infection resulting in worse morbidity and mortality. We sought to study the association between COVID‐19 infection and large vessel occlusion thrombus pathology to better define the etiopathogenesis of this atypical cause of stroke.

Methods
Thrombi were collected during mechanical thrombectomy and stained using hematoxylin and eosin. Blinded analysis of pathology was prospectively performed by a board‐certified neuropathologist. Red blood cell, fibrin, and white blood cell predominance was ascertained. Concomitant peripheral blood counts and clinical and imaging data were collected and analyzed. All samples underwent performance of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for SARS‐CoV2.

Results

Between January 2020 and February 2022, a total of 952 acute ischemic stroke admissions were seen at the University Medical Center of El Paso, TX. Of these, 195 patients (20.5%) had large vessel occlusions and underwent mechanical thrombectomy and 53 patients had thrombus collected and analyzed. Seven patients (3.6%) tested positive for SARS‐CoV2. COVID‐19 positive patients were more likely to be younger (mean 57.4 years;
P
=0.07), male (85.7%;
P
=0.03), and have red blood cell predominant thrombi (85.7%;
P
=0.03). There was a statistically significant association between peripheral neutrophil count and white blood cell lysis in the overall cohort (
P
=0.015), who did not differ according to COVID‐19 status.

Conclusion
Thrombi retrieved from patients who were COVID‐19 positive and had stroke demonstrated red blood cell predominance. This finding requires further investigation using appropriate immunohistochemical techniques in a larger cohort of patients.
“Early Post-operative Mechanical Small Bowel Obstruction Induced by Unidirectional Barbed Suture”
Authors: Gee Kaylan N. , Many Heath R. , Foulke Evan , Smith Lou M. 
Published: May 2023

Unidirectional barbed suture is widely used in minimally invasive procedures as a secure alternative to traditional knot tying. In this report, a 44-year-old female with endometriosis and complex gynecological history presented to our emergency department 2 weeks after undergoing minimally invasive gynecological surgery. She had persistent, progressive signs and symptoms typical of intermittent partial small bowel obstruction. On her third admission within 7 days for this pattern, laparoscopic abdominal exploration was performed. She was noted to have small bowel obstruction secondary to ingrowth of the tail of a unidirectional barbed suture kinking the terminal ileum during this procedure. We discuss small bowel obstruction due to unidirectional barbed suture and make recommendations on how to avoid this complication.
Outcome of Endoscopic Repair of Nasal Septal Perforation
Authors: Tumlin Parker , Assi Sahar , Armeni Mark , Ramadan Hassan H. , Reyes Camilo , Makary Chadi A. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: The anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) flap has been demonstrated to be a reliable option for endoscopic repair of symptomatic nasal septal perforations. The purpose of this study is to study the outcome of this technique. Methods: A retrospective case series of all consecutive patients who underwent repair of nasal septal perforation utilizing the AEA flap among 2 institutions from August 2020 to July of 2022 was conducted. Demographics and comorbidities were collected preoperatively and postoperatively. The main outcome of this study was to identify the risk factors for surgical failure. Results: Forty-one patients were included. Mean perforation size was 2.2 cm (range 0.5-4.5 cm). Mean age was 42.5 years (range 14-65 years), 53.6% were female, 39% were active smokers, mean body-mass-index (BMI) was 31.9 (range 19.1-45.5), 20% with history of CRS and 31.7% had diabetes mellitus (DM). Etiologies of the perforation included idiopathic (n = 12), iatrogenic (n = 13), intranasal drug use (n = 7), trauma (n = 6), and secondary to tumor resection (n = 3). Overall success rate for complete closure was 73.2%. Active smoking, history of intranasal drug use, and DM were significantly associated with surgical failure (72.7%vs 26.7%, P = .007; 36.4%vs 10%, P = .047; and 63.6%vs 20%, P = .008 respectively). Conclusion: The endoscopic AEA flap is a reliable technique for closure of nasal septal perforation. It may not work when the etiology is intranasal drug use. Close attention to diabetes and smoking status is also needed.
Negative and Positive Emotional Reactivity in Women With and Without a History of Self-Injury
Authors: Mettler Jessica , Cho Sohyun , Stern Melissa , Heath Nancy L. 
Published: May 2023

In trying to better understand why certain individuals self-injure, researchers have proposed high emotional reactivity for negative emotions may influence vulnerabilities and predispose individuals to react to stressful situations in a dysregulated manner, thus engaging in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). However, the role of emotional reactivity for positive emotions in those with a history of NSSI is still unclear. Thus, the present study sought to examine group differences in the reactivity of (a) negative and (b) positive emotions in young adults with and without a history of NSSI engagement, and (c) to evaluate whether the reactivity of positive emotions could predict NSSI engagement when controlling for reactivity of negative emotions. The sample consisted of 96 female students who reported engaging in NSSI within the past 2 years ( Mage = 20.28 years, SD = 1.65) and an age-matched female comparison group with no NSSI history ( Mage = 20.43 years, SD = 1.76). Results from separate MANOVAs indicated individuals with a history of NSSI reported higher negative reactivity across all aspects (emotional intensity, sensitivity, and persistence) than the comparison group, Wilk’s λ = .86, F (3,188) = 10.65, p < .001, partial η2 = .145; however, no significant differences emerged for positive reactivity, Wilk’s λ = .99, F (3,188) = 0.52, p = .669. Moreover, a logistic regression revealed that persistence of negative emotions was the only significant predictor of NSSI, Wald χ2 (1) = 4.54, p = .03. The present results highlight the importance of the persistence of negative emotions for individuals who engage in NSSI. Furthermore, the current study provides the first suggestion of no significant differences in positive emotional reactivity between individuals with and without NSSI; underlining the importance of focusing on negative emotional reactivity in clinical practice as well as using positive emotions to “undo” the effect of negative emotions.
Relationship Between Fear of Monkeypox and Intention to be Vaccinated Against Monkeypox in a Peruvian Sample. The Mediating Role of Conspiracy Beliefs About Monkeypox
Authors: Caycho-Rodríguez Tomás , Tomás José M. , Vilca Lindsey W. , Carbajal-León Carlos , Gallegos Miguel , Reyes-Bossio Mario , Oré-Kovacs Nicole , Muñoz-del-Carpio-Toia Águeda , Torales Julio , Barria-Asenjo Nicol A. , Garcia-Cadena Cirilo H. 
Published: May 2023

The present study evaluated the predictive capacity of fear of Monkeypox (MPX) on the intention to be vaccinated against MPX and the influence of conspiracy beliefs as a mediating variable in this relationship in 516 Peruvian sample with an average age of 27.10 years participated. Monkeypox Fear Scale, MPX Conspiracy Beliefs Scale and a single item of intention to be vaccinated against MPX were used. Statistical analyses have included estimation of descriptive statistics for all variables in the model tested and Structural Equation Modeling to predict intention to be vaccinated against monkeypox. It has been found that fear has a positive impact on conspiracy beliefs about MPX and intention to be vaccinated against MPX. Finally, conspiracy beliefs are negatively related to intention to be vaccinated. As for indirect effects, both are statistically significant. The model explains 11.4% of the variance in beliefs and 19.1% in intention to be vaccinated. It is concluded that fear of MPX played an important role, both directly and indirectly, in the intention to be vaccinated against MPX, having conspiratorial beliefs about MPX as a mediating variable. The results have important implications for public health practices aimed at combating doubts about MPX vaccination.
Serum lactate dehydrogenase concentration after transcatheter renal artery embolization correlates with reduction in renal angiomyolipoma volume
Authors: Sokooshi Hideaki , Zhang Xixi , Kuwatsuru Yoshiki , Okada Shingo , Kato Hitomi , Kuwatsuru Ryohei 
Published: May 2023

Background The extent of renal angiomyolipoma (AML) volume reduction after renal transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) varies between patients, with no predictive measure available. Purpose To determine whether the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration shortly after TAE correlates with the extent of tumor shrinkage. Material and Methods In a cohort of 36 patients undergoing prophylactic renal TAE for unruptured renal AML, we retrospectively acquired data from patient medical records, including serum LDH before and within 7 days after TAE and the tumor volume before and 12–36 months after TAE. The relationship between the serum level of LDH and reduction in tumor volume was evaluated using Spearman correlation analysis. Results The median LDH concentration was significantly higher after TAE than before (909.0 U/L vs. 186.5 U/L). This early post-TAE serum LDH level and LDH index (post-TAE LDH / pre-TAE LDH) correlated significantly and positively with the absolute decrease in tumor volume (both P < 0.0001). We observed no significant correlation between the relative tumor volume reduction and serum LDH level or LDH index. Conclusion Serum LDH elevation occurs shortly after TAE and correlates with the extent of absolute decrease in AML volume at 12–36 months after TAE. Further large-scale studies are warranted to confirm the predictive role of post-TAE serum LDH level and LDH index in tumor shrinkage in patients with unruptured renal AML.
Does Motion-Sensing Technology Enhance Students’ Learning? A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yu Qing , Yu Kun 
Published: May 2023

Body movements are regarded as part of the learning process. With the evolution of motion-sensing technology (MST) (e.g., Kinect, Xtion Pro, and Leap Motion), educational researchers try to explore the effect of MST on learning. However, the effect of MST on learning performance is still unclear. This is the first meta-analysis that aims to examine the effectiveness of MST on students’ learning. A total of 48 effect sizes from 37 independent and high-quality studies are analyzed, and the result suggests that MST has an upper-medium effect on learning (SMD = .574, 95% CI = [.450, .698], p < .001), particularly in the affective domain (SMD = .822). Moreover, three of eleven moderators (i.e., the subject, site of learning, and region) have moderating effects. The moderator analysis indicates that the following conditions are more conducive to MST-assisted learning: (1) 31∼50 students, (2) middle school, (3) >1 month, (4) No-STEM subjects, (5) game-based learning, (6) small group + individual learning, (7) high embodied level, (8) classroom, and (9) Asia and Europe. Finally, the discussions, implications, limitations, and future research directions are put forward.
A human rights-based framework for qualitative dementia research
Authors: Diaz-Gil Alicia , Brooke Joanne , Kozlowska Olga , Jackson Debra , Appleton Jane , Pendlebury Sarah 
Published: May 2023

Background and Objectives People living with dementia have historically been excluded from qualitative research and their voices ignored due to the perception that a person with dementia is not able to express their opinions, preferences and feelings. Research institutions and organizations have contributed by adopting a paternalistic posture of overprotection. Furthermore, traditional research methods have proven to be exclusionary towards this group. The objective of this paper is to address the issue of inclusion of people with dementia in research and provide an evidence-based framework for dementia researchers based on the five principles of human rights: Participation, Accountability, Non-discrimination and equality, Empowerment and Legality (PANEL). Design This paper adapts the PANEL principles to the research context, and uses evidence from the literature to create a framework for qualitative research in people with dementia. This new framework aims to guide dementia researchers in designing studies around the needs of people with dementia, to improve involvement and participation, facilitate research development and maximize research outcomes. Results A checklist is presented with questions related to the five PANEL principles. These questions cover ethical, methodological and legal issues that researchers may need to consider while developing qualitative research for people with dementia. Conclusions The proposed checklist offers a series of questions and considerations to facilitate the development of qualitative research in patients with dementia. It is inspired by current human rights work of recognized dementia researchers and organizations who have been directly involved in policy development. Future studies need to explore its utility in improving participation, facilitating ethics approvals and ensuring that outcomes are relevant to people with dementia.