bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mood instability and low back pain: a mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Renyang , Liu Qian , Xu Shaoyong , Mei Rongcheng 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveLow back pain is a prevalent and debilitating condition worldwide, with significant implications for individuals’ quality of life and productivity. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between mood instability and the risk of developing chronic low back pain, using a rigorously designed mendelian randomization methodology.MethodThe study incorporated both univariate and multivariate mendelian randomization to analysis the causal relationship between mood instability and the risk of developing chronic low back pain. The data on mood instability from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) opened Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) project (IEU-opened GWAS project). Data on low back pain were collected from two sources: One source is the IEU open GWAS project (discovery data). Another source is a GWAS meta-analysis (replication data). Inverse variance weighted method, weighted median method, MR-Egger regression, and mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier method were used for mendelian randomization analysis.ResultThe univariable mendelian randomization analysis shows a statistically significant correlation between mood instability and the risk of low back pain. Several methods were performed, including inverse variance weighting (discovery data: odds ratio = 3.544, 95% confidence interval = 1.785–7.039, p = 0.000; replication data: odds ratio = 3.167, 95% confidence interval = 2.476–4.052, p = 0.000), MR-Egger (discovery data: odds ratio = 7.178, 95% confidence interval = 0.057–909.525, p = 0.429; replication data: odds ratio = 2.262, 95% confidence interval = 0.580–8.825, p = 0.246), weighted median (discovery data: odds ratio = 2.730, 95% confidence interval = 1.112–6.702, p = 0.028; replication data: odds ratio = 3.243, 95% confidence interval = 2.378–4.422, p = 0.000), MR-PRESSO (discovery data: odds ratio = 3.544, 95% confidence interval = 1.785–7.039, p = 0.001; replication data: odds ratio = 3.167, 95% confidence interval = 2.476–4.052, p = 0.000) methods. The results were consistent across these methods. The results obtained from discovery data are consistent with those obtained from discovery data. In the multivariable mendelian randomization, after adjusting for various covariates such as body mass index, current tobacco smoking, alcohol intake frequency, Total body bone mineral density, and vigorous physical activity, there is a consistent correlation between mood instability and chronic low back pain.ConclusionThis study provides robust evidence supporting a causal relationship between mood instability and the development of low back pain. Our findings suggest that addressing mood instability may play a crucial role in prevention and management strategies for individuals experiencing low back pain.
The degree of food processing can influence serum fatty acid and lipid profiles in women with severe obesity
Authors: Lopes Karem Lays Soares , Figueiredo Nayra , Kattah Fabiana Martins , Lima Glaucia Carielo , Oliveira Emilly Santos , Horst Maria Aderuza , Oyama Lila Missae , Dâmaso Ana Raimunda , Whitton Renata Guimarães Moreira , de Souza Abreu Valéria , Duarte Amélia Cristina Stival , Pimentel Gustavo Duarte , Corgosinho Flávia Campos 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundThe increase in the prevalence of obesity is associated with the increase in the consumption of ultra-processed foods and may be related to the increase in the disorders involving metabolism and the transport and storage of fatty acids.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of processed food consumption according to the degree of processing on the serum fatty acid levels and lipid profile of women with severe obesity.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from anthropometric assessments, the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and blood tests for lipidogram studies and serum fatty acid measurements. The foods consumed were identified through the FFQ and classified according to the degree of processing based on the NOVA rating, and the frequencies of consumption were transformed into scores, as proposed by Fornés methodology. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 21. The significance level for the analysis was set at 5%.ResultsThis study included 44 women with a mean age of 40.59 years and mean body mass index of 48.61 kg/m2. An inverse association was observed between the consumption of unprocessed and the occurrence of hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.021) and levels of triglycerides (p = 0.047), total cholesterol (p = 0.030), and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p = 0.039). The consumption of processed foods was positively associated with the presence of hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.044) and omega 6/3 ratio (p = 0.001) and negatively associated with total omega 3 levels (p = 0.011). The consumption of processed foods was positively associated with total cholesterol (p = 0.041) and negatively associated with the omega 3/6 ratio (p = 0.001). A negative correlation was found between the average consumption of ultra-processed foods (at least once a week) and serum level of high-density lipoprotein (p = 0.035).ConclusionThe consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods was associated with unfavorable lipid profiles and fatty acid levels in women with severe obesity. These results emphasize the importance of promoting the consumption of unprocessed food to mitigate metabolic disorders linked to processed food intake.
A machine learning-based PET/CT model for automatic diagnosis of early-stage lung cancer
Authors: Wang Huoqiang , Li Yi , Han Jiexi , Lin Qin , Zhao Long , Li Qiang , Zhao Juan , Li Haohao , Wang Yiran , Hu Changlong 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop a machine learning-based automatic analysis method for the diagnosis of early-stage lung cancer based on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) data.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using PET/CT data from 187 cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 190 benign pulmonary nodules. Twelve PET and CT features were used to train a diagnosis model. The performance of the machine learning-based PET/CT model was tested and validated in two separate cohorts comprising 462 and 229 cases, respectively.ResultsThe standardized uptake value (SUV) was identified as an important biochemical factor for the early stage of lung cancer in this model. The PET/CT diagnosis model had a sensitivity and area under the curve (AUC) of 86.5% and 0.89, respectively. The testing group comprising 462 cases showed a sensitivity and AUC of 85.7% and 0.87, respectively, while the validation group comprising 229 cases showed a sensitivity and AUC of 88.4% and 0.91, respectively. Additionally, the proposed model improved the clinical discrimination ability for solid pulmonary nodules (SPNs) in the early stage significantly.ConclusionThe feature data collected from PET/CT scans can be analyzed automatically using machine learning techniques. The results of this study demonstrated that the proposed model can significantly improve the accuracy and positive predictive value (PPV) of SPNs at the early stage. Furthermore, this algorithm can be optimized into a robotic and less biased PET/CT automatic diagnosis system.
Global cluster analysis and network visualization in organoids in cancer research: a scientometric mapping from 1991 to 2021
Authors: Tan Shunshun , Deng Jiali , Deng Haobin , Lu Lijun , Qin Zhenzhe , Liu Yu , Tang Lifeng , Li Zhonghua 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveIn the last three decades, there has been a surge in research on cancer organoids using 3D culture technologies, which has resulted in the development of physiological human cancer models. This study aims to provide an overview of the global trends and frontiers in research on cancer organoids.MethodsA total of 3189 publications on organoids in cancer research from 1991 to 2021 were collected from the Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCIE) of Web of Science (WoS). Bibliometric methods such as the R package “Bibliometrix,” Citespace, and VOS viewer software were employed to investigate and visualize bibliographic coupling, co-citation, co-authorship, and co-occurrence trends, as well as publication trends in the field of organoids in cancer research.ResultsFrom 1991 to 2021, there has been a significant increase in publications on cancer organoids, with most articles being from North America, Eastern Asia, and Western Europe. The USA had the highest number of publications, citations, prolific authors, and research funding globally. Cancers was the journal with the most publications, while Nature had the best total link strength. Harvard University were the most contributive institutions. The global research in this field could be classified into five clusters: chemotherapy study, organoids for drug screening, different models, molecular mechanism study, and organoid construction. These areas are expected to remain hotspots for future research.ConclusionsThe number of publications on organoids in cancer research is expected to increase based on current global trends.
Tangeretin attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Li Jiang , Wei Qian , Song Ke , Wang Youxin , Yang Yuxin , Li Miao , Yu Jiaying , Su Guangxu , Peng Luyuan , Fu Bendong , Yi Pengfei 
Published: September 2023

Background: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a terminal pathological change in a variety of lung diseases characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, for which effective treatment is lacking. Tangeretin (Tan), a flavonoid derived from citrus, has been shown to have a wide range of pharmacological effects. This study aimed to investigate the role and potential mechanisms of Tan on pulmonary fibrosis.Methods: A model of pulmonary fibrosis was established by administering bleomycin through tracheal drip, followed by administering Tan or pirfenidone through gavage. HE and Masson staining were employed to assess the extent of pulmonary fibrosis. Subsequently, Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), RNA sequencing, and immunohistochemistry techniques were employed to uncover the protective mechanism of Tan in PF mice. Furthermore, A549 cells were stimulated with TGF-β1 to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and demonstrate the effectiveness of Tan in mitigating PF.Results: Tan significantly ameliorated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, improved fibrotic pathological changes, and collagen deposition in the lungs, and reduced lung inflammation and oxidative stress. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed a higher number of enriched genes in the PI3K/Akt pathway. Additionally, Tan can inhibit the EMT process related to pulmonary fibrosis.Conclusion: Taken together, the above research results indicate that Tan suppresses inflammation, oxidative stress, and EMT in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis via the PI3K/Akt pathway and is a potential agent for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
Multi-target genome editing reduces polyphenol oxidase activity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains
Authors: Wold-McGimsey Forrest , Krosch Caitlynd , Alarcón-Reverte Rocío , Ravet Karl , Katz Andrew , Stromberger John , Mason Richard Esten , Pearce Stephen 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionPolyphenol oxidases (PPO) are dual activity metalloenzymes that catalyse the production of quinones. In plants, PPO activity may contribute to biotic stress resistance and secondary metabolism but is undesirable for food producers because it causes the discolouration and changes in flavour profiles of products during post-harvest processing. In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), PPO released from the aleurone layer of the grain during milling results in the discolouration of flour, dough, and end-use products, reducing their value. Loss-of-function mutations in the PPO1 and PPO2 paralogous genes on homoeologous group 2 chromosomes confer reduced PPO activity in the wheat grain. However, limited natural variation and the proximity of these genes complicates the selection of extremely low-PPO wheat varieties by recombination. The goal of the current study was to edit all copies of PPO1 and PPO2 to drive extreme reductions in PPO grain activity in elite wheat varieties.ResultsA CRISPR/Cas9 construct with one single guide RNA (sgRNA) targeting a conserved copper binding domain was used to edit all seven PPO1 and PPO2 genes in the spring wheat cultivar ‘Fielder’. Five of the seven edited T1 lines exhibited significant reductions in PPO activity, and T2 lines had PPO activity up to 86.7% lower than wild-type. The same construct was transformed into the elite winter wheat cultivars ‘Guardian’ and ‘Steamboat’, which have five PPO1 and PPO2 genes. In these varieties PPO activity was reduced by &gt;90% in both T1 and T2 lines. In all three varieties, dough samples from edited lines exhibited reduced browning.DiscussionThis study demonstrates that multi-target editing at late stages of variety development could complement selection for beneficial alleles in crop breeding programs by inducing novel variation in loci inaccessible to recombination.
Reducing the risk of prenatal alcohol exposure and FASD through social services: promising results from the FAR SEAS pilot project
Authors: Okulicz-Kozaryn Katarzyna , Segura-García Lidia , Bruguera Carla , Braddick Fleur , Zin-Sędek Marta , Gandin Claudia , Słodownik-Przybyłek Luiza , Scafato Emanuele , Ghirini Silvia , Colom Joan , Matrai Silvia 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionWithin FAR SEAS, a multi-component evidence-based community intervention was implemented and evaluated in Mazovia (Poland), with the aim of preventing alcohol-exposed pregnancies, and therefore preventing FASD.MethodsMulti-disciplinary professionals from different services (social, addiction, and psychology), recruited women of child-bearing age (pregnant and not pregnant) in local communities, screened them for alcohol risk, and allocated participants (n = 441) to groups for low- (70%), moderate- (23%), or high-risk (7%) of alcohol exposed pregnancy, to provide interventions tailored to their needs. The non-parametric sign test, testing differences between pairs of observations before and after intervention was used to evaluate the outcomes.ResultsFollow-up data (collected from 93% of participants) indicated positive changes in the key outcome variables: risky alcohol consumption dropped by 81%, contraception use increased by 15% and visiting a gynecologist increased by 39%; as well as in associated psychosocial risk factors (decrease in cigarette and drug use, domestic violence and depressive symptoms). No changes were noted in frequency of other service use (medical, psychological, or social). The most prominent changes were observed in the moderate-risk group.DiscussionChanging risky behaviors (alcohol consumption and sex without contraception) to prevent alcohol exposed pregnancies is feasible at the local level, even without engagement of medical professionals. Key challenges, related to engaging professionals and local authorities, must be addressed; and procedures should be adapted to local contexts and needs.
Effects of smoking cessation on plasma clozapine concentrations in male patients with schizophrenia during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ma Botao , Fan Hongzhen , Qi Siyuan , Yang Fude , An Huimei 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the effect of smoking cessation on plasma clozapine (CLO) concentrations in long-term hospitalized Chinese male patients with schizophrenia treated with CLO during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsTherapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) data for CLO were collected at Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital between December 1, 2019 (before smoking cessation) and January 31, 2020 (after smoking cessation) in this retrospective study. Fifty-three male smokers and inpatients with schizophrenia who were treated with CLO were included. Plasma concentrations of CLO were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) was used to assess smoking behavior.ResultsThe plasma CLO concentrations and dose-corrected plasma CLO concentrations were significantly increased by 29.3 and 23.5%, respectively, after smoking cessation.DiscussionThe results suggested that clinicians and pharmacists should adjust the CLO dose based on changes in smoking status in patients stabilized with CLO during the COVID-19 pandemic. Careful TDM for CLO should be performed prior to dose adjustment，to reduce the increased risk of smoking cessation induced side effects, especially for older patients receiving multiple medications.
Application of flipped classroom combined with case-based learning in Introduction to Environmental Health Science
Authors: Li You , Cao Liang , Zhang Huixia , Pang Weiyi , Sun Yan , Zhang Zhiyong 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesTo explore the effect of flipped classroom combined with case-based learning in Introduction to Environmental Health Science for the Master of Public Health (MPH).MethodsThe MPH Master’s class of 2022 was selected as the experimental group at Guilin Medical University from September to December 2022, and the flipped classroom combined with the case-based learning was adopted. The class of 2021 was the control group, and we taught them with the traditional teaching method. A self-designed questionnaire and academic performance were used to evaluate the teaching effects of the two groups.ResultsThere was no difference in the paper score between grades 2022 and 2021, and the design question score of grade 2022 was higher than that of grade 2021. The difference was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05). The students in grade 2022 had a high overall recognition of the teaching effect of the flipped classroom combined with case-based learning in Introduction to Environmental Health Science.ConclusionThe teaching method of the flipped classroom combined with case-based learning is more suitable than the traditional teaching method in the Introduction to Environmental Health Science for MPH. It can stimulate the independent learning ability of MPH students and improve their ability to use knowledge and an innovative spirit.
VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR IN ELDERLY AND SENILE AGE: CLINICAL AND PATHOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: Муркамилов И.Т. , Муркамилова Ж.А. , Фомин В.В. , Сабирова А.И. , Сабиров И.С. , Юсупова Т.Ф. , Юсупов Ф.А. , Абдурашитова Д.И. , Кудайбергенова И.О. 
Published: September 2023

Цель исследования — изучение связи сывороточного уровня VEGF с концентрацией С-РБ, фибриногена, цистатина С и количеством тромбоцитов, а также показателями расчетной СКФ у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста. В исследование были включены 124 человека 60–89 лет (40 мужчин и 84 женщин), средний возраст составил 68,8±7,4 года. В работе изучены сывороточный уровень VEGF, параметры липидного спектра крови, концентрация С-РБ, фибриногена и величины СКФ по формуле CKD-EPI и по методике F. Hoek. У 15,3 % обследованных лиц пожилого и старческого возраста отмечали увеличение уровня VEGF, который положительно коррелировал с содержанием С-РБ (r=0,411), числом тромбоцитов (r=0,358) и с концентрацией цистатина С (r=0,211). В подгруппе пациентов с повышенным уровнем VEGF количество тромбоцитов, концентрация С-РБ, фибриногена, цистатина С были значимо выше, а величина расчетной СКФ по F. Hoek оказалась достоверно ниже. Повышенный сывороточный уровень VEGF за счет его потенциального провоспалительного и протромбогенного эффекта у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста, особенно при наличии снижения СКФ, следует рассматривать как плохой прогностический фактор течения атеротромботических сердечно-сосудистых событий.
The aim of the study was to study the role of serum vascular endothelial growth factor and to determine its clinical signifi cance in elderly and senile patients. The study included 124 people (40 men and 84 women) aged 60 to 89 years, the average age was 68,8±7,4 years. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were studied in the work; blood lipid spectrum parameters, indicators of acute phase blood proteins: C-reactive protein (C-RP), fi brinogen; glomerular fi ltration rate (GFR) according to the CKD–EPI formula based on serum creatinine and according to the F. Hoek method using cystatin C. In general, 15,3% of the examined individuals had elevated serum levels of VEGF, more often in elderly patients. It was found that serum levels of VEGF are positively associated with the concentration of CRP (r=0,411), the number of platelets in peripheral blood (r=0,358) and positive with the concentration of serum cystatin C (r=0,211). In the subgroup of patients with an elevated serum VEGF level, the platelet count, the concentration of C-RP, fi brinogen, and cystatin C were signifi cantly higher, and the calculated GFR according to F. Hoek was signifi cantly lower. Patients with an elevated serum VEGF level, as a pro-infl ammatory and prothrombogenic potential, especially if it is associated with the development of kidney dysfunction in the elderly and senile, should be considered as a risk group for atherothrombotic cardiovascular events.