bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The employment of people with lived experience of disability in Australian disability services
Authors: Mellifont Damian , Smith‐Merry Jennifer , Bulkeley Kim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn Australia there is a significant gap in employment rates between people with disability and those without. This is in the context of general gaps in the disability sector workforce, which has been the subject of recent policy concern. Our study critically investigates (a) data on the employment of people with disability in Australian disability services; (b) data on disability awareness training in disability services; (c) these results in the context of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) National Workforce Plan: 2021–2025 and the NDIS workforce Capability Framework. We undertook a mixed methods study that brought together descriptive statistics from the National Disability Services Workforce Census data and qualitative content analysis of the NDIS National Workforce Plan and the NDIS workforce Capability Framework. We found that 50% of disability service organisations employ at least one person with disability in their organisations, with 20% employing less than three people with disability. Only 24% of organisations include a person with disability on their board, and 19% of organisations employ people with disability in management positions. Policy document analysis shows policies support key areas for increasing employment of people with disability and disability inclusion. Employment of people with disability at all levels of disability services remains poor in Australia. We argue that ‘soft’ approaches to addressing low employment levels need to be supplemented by harder approaches that take full advantage of the levers available to government through the operation of the NDIS.
Causes of red blood cell loss during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Bilodeau Kyle S. , Saifee Nabiha H. , Chandler Wayne L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPediatric patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) often receive repeated red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. This study aims to quantify and characterize causes of RBC loss on ECMO.MethodsThis retrospective, single‐center, observational study includes 91 ECMO patients (age 1 day–20 years). An RBC loss index (RLI), equal to ml RBCs lost per liter of patient + circuit volume per hour, was calculated from the changes in hematocrit and transfused RBCs. To measure the contribution of RBC injury/activation, RBC extracellular vesicle (REV) generation was measured by flow cytometry.ResultsMedian RLI on ECMO was 1.9 ml/L/h, 13‐fold higher than normal RBC production rate (0.15 ml/L/h) and equivalent to a 4.6 drop in hematocrit/day. Median RBC loss was higher in patients who died (2.95 ml/L/h) versus survived (1.70 ml/L/h, p = .0008). RLI correlated with transfusion rate (r2 = 0.71); however, transfusion rate (ml/kg) underestimated RBC loss in patients with large changes in hematocrit and over‐estimated RBC loss in neonates where the circuit volume is greater than the patient blood volume. In non‐bleeding patients, intravascular hemolysis represented 16% of total RBC loss and diagnostic phlebotomy 24%, suggesting that ~60% of RBC loss was due to other causes. REV generation was increased sevenfold to ninefold during ECMO.DiscussionRLI (ml/L/h) is a more reliable quantitative indicator of RBC loss than transfusion rate (ml/kg) for pediatric patients on ECMO. Phlebotomy and intravascular hemolysis only account for 40% of RBC loss in non‐bleeding ECMO patients. High REV generation suggests sublethal damage and extravascular clearance may be a cause of RBC loss on ECMO.
EMI (English‐medium instruction) in Cambodian higher education
Authors: Lin Benedict , Bolton Kingsley , Bacon‐Shone John , Khan Bophan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article is based on empirical research carried out at the Royal University of Phnom Penh (RUPP), Cambodia, between 2018 and 2019. The research involved both quantitative and qualitative approaches. In the case of the former, the researchers conducted a large‐scale survey of students involving 956 respondents, of whom 79 were postgraduate students, while the overwhelming majority were studying at the undergraduate level. The qualitative data collected in this project comprised detailed interviews with undergraduates studying at RUPP. The results of both types of data collection indicated that, although many students faced difficulties in studying through the medium of English, there was widespread support across the student body for the use of English in Cambodian higher education.
Control of Autonomous Vehicles Via Multistage Linear Feedback Design
Authors: Radisavljevic-Gajic Verica 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we show how autonomous vehicles performing a certain task can be controlled from one command center in order to achieve certain goals. The command center provides individual feedback gains to each vehicle in the form of one compounded feedback gain that in fact carries feedback gain information for each individual vehicle. Vehicles may be of different nature: satellites, cars, tanks, drowns, robots, unmanned aircraft, underwater vehicles, and ships. It is assumed that their dynamic is weakly coupled, namely, dynamics of each individual vehicle is weakly coupled to dynamics of all other vehicles and that they have the same control input. The weak coupling among the vehicles is represented either by physical interactions among vehicles or coordinating or communication signals. The results obtained are applicable to vehicles having different mathematical linear/linearized state space models. In the case when no interaction/coordination/communication among vehicles is present, and all feedback signals come from the command center (central controller) controller, the vehicle mathematical models can be identical. An important feature of the presented results is that different local feedback controllers can be facilitated for different vehicles using a unique global feedback controller signal designed by the command center. In this paper, we will consider cases of two and three vehicles, but the presented multistage feedback design methodology can be potentially extended to N vehicles. The presentation is done in continuous time. Similar derivations hold in the discrete-time domain.
Co-Optimization of Design and Control of Energy Efficient Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Coordination Schemes
Authors: Fahim Muhammad Qaisar , Villani Manfredi , Anwar Hamza , Ahmed Qadeer , Ramakrishnan Kesavan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDesign and control co-optimization studies for hybrid vehicles have been proposed in the past. However, such works suffer from difficulties arising due to (a) diverse real- and integer-valued variables, (b) complex nonlinear powertrain dynamics and design interconnections, (c) conflicting objective functions with path constraints, and (d) high computational resources requirements. To meet these challenges, this study presents an efficient co-optimization framework for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) which is built using existing algorithms and coordination schemes. Particular emphasis is given to the simultaneous scheme and the decomposition-based scheme. The decomposition-based scheme with the problem decomposition proposed in this work can efficiently handle multitime scale state variables and both integer- and real-valued design and control optimization variables. This is demonstrated by solving the mixed-integer optimal design and control problem of a series hybrid vehicle over a 1-h long drive cycle with time discretization of 1 s. The problem complexity is elevated by using an increasing number of state variables (including battery state of charge, battery energy, and after-treatment system temperature), control variables (such as the engine power and engine on/off), and design parameters (such as the number of battery cells and the type and size of the engine). In addition, a multi-objective cost function is used to find a tradeoff solution between fuel consumption and emissions minimization. The results show that in terms of optimality of the solution, the decomposition-based scheme is comparable with the simultaneous but can give a 14% improvement in computational performance. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated by comparing the co-optimization results against a baseline case in which only the optimal control problem is solved. The co-optimized solution yields up to 3.7% average genset efficiency improvement and a fuel consumption reduction to 1.6 kg from 2.5 kg, which is further reduced to 1.5 kg by adding the engine on-off control. Finally, a decision matrix is developed to provide guidance on the selection of the optimization algorithm and coordination scheme for any problem at hand.
Pressure Loss Coefficients of Ductwork Fitting Combinations With and Without Vanes (Baffles)
Authors: Tawackolian Karsten , Kriegel Martin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDuctwork components in ventilation systems are often installed in close proximity to each other due to space constraints. Published pressure loss coefficients are, however, only valid if there are sufficient distances between components. In this work, pressure losses of common combinations of two, three, and four bends and the addition of internal vanes were investigated with computational fluid dynamic simulations and validated with reference data. Pressure losses of combinations of bends without vanes were higher or lower than the sum of the single pressure losses of the components (combination effect), depending on the components and orientation. For bends with abrupt deflections, strong combination effects occurred; in some cases, pressure losses doubled. The spacing between the components was also a relevant factor. Combination effects were most pronounced for spacing lengths of the same order as the length of the flow separation region of the upstream bends. Consequently, certain spacer lengths were particularly unfavorable. Combination effects were found to be complex to predict and fluid simulations proved to be useful for analyzing the interactions. Adding vanes was found to be very useful. For bends and combinations with sharp deflections, the pressure loss coefficients were reduced by a factor of ten with vanes. Vanes also effectively reduced detrimental combination effects. The combination pressure losses with vanes were in all cases lower than the sum of the single components pressure losses. Pressure loss coefficients for combinations with vanes had a strong dependency on the Reynolds number. Furthermore, the downstream flow distributions were more homogeneous with vanes.
Inter-Stage Pressure Drop of Multi-Stage Brush Seal With Differentiated Structure
Authors: Zhao Huan , Li Yelong , Sun Dan , Li Yu , Wen Shuaifang , Sun Jisheng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Uneven pressure drops among stages of multistage brush seal (MBS) leads to early failure of single-stage seal units, which directly affects service life of the seal used in aeroengines, gas turbines, and steam turbines. In this paper, influence factors of interstage pressure drop were studied to analyze formation mechanism of the uneven pressure drops. Moreover, an MBS with differentiated structure was presented, and its interstage pressure drops were further investigated. The results showed that the MBS with several same single-stage seal units had uneven pressure drops among stages under high inlet/outlet pressure ratios. In view of remarkably increasing velocity and decreasing pressure in downstream region of bristle pack near rotor surface during flow of airflow, adjustments of structural parameters (i.e., increasing height of backing plate to rotor surface Hb, increasing seal clearance Hg, and decreasing axial width of bristle pack B) could improve the uneven pressure drops among different stages due to increasing outlet air flow area of the stage. The closer pressure drop proportions of different stages to ideal average value indicated increase of Hb had a more effective effect to balance the pressure drops among different stages compared to increase of Hg and decrease of B. An MBS with differentiated structure, in which both Hb and Hg of all the single-stage seal units were increased progressively and B was decreased step by step, showed a good performance to obtain even interstage pressure drops.
Characterization of Properties of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Three-Dimensional-Printed Inconel 718 for Centrifugal Turbomachinery Applications
Authors: Lea Hannah G. , Wooding Rochelle S. , Kuhr Sam , Rotella John , Córdova José Luis 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the results of a comprehensive effort to characterize the properties of Inconel 718 produced by a form of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing (AM) or three-dimensional (3D)-printing, subsequently subjected to hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and heat treatment according to standards F3055-14a and AMS 5663, respectively. Material property data, while broadly available for traditional Inconel 718 presentations (e.g., forgings or castings) is currently lacking for the 3D-printed material. It is expected that while limited in size, the experimental data sets presented provide sufficient information to glean the capability of LPBF Inconel 718. These include: (1) chemical composition, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS) characterization of 3D-printed material structure; (2) tensile properties—0.2% yield stress, ultimate stress, modulus of elasticity, and elongation to failure—based on 108 samples, as functions of temperature and sample print orientation; (3) creep rupture data including the Larson-Miller parameter, based on 21 samples; and (4) high cycle fatigue data based on 21 samples as a function of temperature. Results are compared to available standards and/or data for forged, cast, and other AM Inconel 718. A key observation of this study, based on the EBSD results, is that while the material appears to approach full recrystallization following heat treatment, there is a detectable fraction of the material that does not fully recrystallize, resulting in a material with mechanical properties (e.g., yield stress and creep rupture) measurably lower than those of forgings, but higher than those of castings.
The Effects of Vibration Exposure on Lower-Limb Extensor Muscles’ Stiffness, Elasticity, and Strength Responses in Untrained Young Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Başol Filiz , Kara İlke , Saldıran Tülay Çevik 
Published: January 2023

Objectives: The whole-body vibration (WBV) effects on muscle strength show inconsistent results. Moreover, there is no study about the WBV effect on stiffness, elasticity, and muscle strength. Therefore, the study aimed to examine the effect of WBV exposure with static squat posture on the stiffness, elasticity, and strength of the lower-limb extensor muscles. Material and Methods: Forty healthy untrained young adults were divided into WBV and control groups. The experimental group received WBV exposure on 2 nonconsecutive days of the week, for 6 weeks. The MyotonPRO device was used for the assessment of the knee extensor and the ankle dorsiflexors’ stiffness and elasticity. Isometric muscle strength was evaluated with a hand-held dynamometer. All measurements were done by the same assessor at baseline, and the following 6 weeks. Results: Significant group-by-time interactions were found for the elasticity scores of the right (d = 0.84, P = .01) and left (d = 0.77, P = .02) ankle dorsiflexors. Similar to the elasticity measurements, significant group-by-time interactions were observed in the muscle strength scores of the right (d = 0.45, P = .046) and left (d = 1.25, P < .001) ankle dorsiflexors. No significant effects were observed in any of the evaluated muscle stiffness measurements (P > .05), and there was no significant group-by-time interaction in knee-extensor muscle strength and elasticity scores (P > .05). Conclusions: The study results indicate that if the ankle dorsiflexor strength and elasticity are desired to be increased, the 6-week WBV exposure in a static squat posture can be used in healthy individuals.
Warm inflation in hybrid metric-Palatini gravity under standard and irreversible thermodynamical approach
Authors: Shahid Iqra , Saleem Rabia , Kausar Hafiza Rizwana 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe idea of hybrid metric-Palatini $$f({\mathcal {X}})$$

f
(
X
)

gravity (HMPG) is a blend of Einstein Hilbert (EH) action having non-linear function f(R) and linear scalar curvature R by Palatini gravity. The goal of this paper is to investigate the warm inflationary model (WIM) via standard and irreversible thermodynamical approach in $$f({\mathcal {X}})$$

f
(
X
)

gravity. We start our work by obtaining the field equations (FEs) for HMPG and then investigate the cosmic inflation in $$f({\mathcal {X}})$$

f
(
X
)

theory of gravity by looking at cosmic parameters such as slow-roll parameters, spectral index $$(n_s)$$

(

n
s

)

, running of spectral index $$(\alpha _s)$$

(

α
s

)

and tensor-to-scalar ratio (r). Next, the early universe is considered as an open system. The thermodynamics and dynamical equations in $$f({\mathcal {X}})$$

f
(
X
)

gravity are applied to interacting cosmic fluid, which leads us to adapt the basic formalism of WIM. This analysis is done using Higgs Potential (HP). Numerical results of the thermodynamical equations such as scale factor (a(t)), scalar-field energy density $$(\rho _\varphi )$$

(

ρ
φ

)

and radiation energy density $$(\rho _\gamma )$$

(

ρ
γ

)

, number of scalar-field particles $$(n_\varphi )$$

(

n
φ

)

and temperature $$({\mathcal {T}})$$

(
T
)

are derived and presented graphically using slow-roll approach and defining several dimensionless variables. From obtained results, we calculate cosmic parameters. In the end, we constraint the model parameters, and compare our calculated results to the Planck-2018 data.
Antiplatelet Resistance: A Review of Concepts, Mechanisms, and Implications for Management in Acute Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Krishnan Kailash , Nguyen Thanh N. , Appleton Jason P. , Law Zhe Kang , Caulfied Mark , Cabrera Claudia P. , Lenthall Rob , Hewson David , England Timothy , McConachie Norman , Dhillon Permesh , Malik Luqman , Podlasek Anna , Smith Craig J. , Dawson Jesse , Robinson Thompson G. , Sprigg Nikola , James Martin A. , White Phil , Desborough Michael J.R. , Hermans Joannes , Bath Philip M. 
Published: January 2023

Acute ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and major disability worldwide. Approximately 50% of ischemic strokes are caused by atherothrombotic occlusion of the cerebral arteries, and antiplatelets are the mainstay of secondary stroke preventative treatment. Aspirin is beneficial if given early, and short‐term treatment using aspirin and clopidogrel is increasingly used for patients with intracranial atherosclerotic disease, minor stroke, and or transient ischemic attack. However, up to 50% of patients continue to have recurrent stroke and major vascular events, which may be partly attributable to resistance to aspirin and or clopidogrel. Although the precise mechanisms are unknown, clinical and genetic factors associated with bioavailability and binding to target receptors are implicated. This narrative review begins with the concept of aspirin and clopidogrel resistance in ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack, potential mechanisms including genetic polymorphisms, and an overview of platelet function measures and limitations. We conclude by highlighting practical issues in the management of patients with aspirin andclopidogrel resistance including the emerging interest in ticagrelor, prasugrel, and cilostazol as well as directions for future trials in transient ischemic attack and acute ischemic stroke.
Bridging Thrombolysis and ASPECTS in Patients With Stroke Treated With Endovascular Thrombectomy
Authors: Donnelly Joseph , Hong Jae Beom , Yong Vivien T.Y. , Diprose William K. , Caldwell James R. , Lee Shane S. , McGuinness Ben J. , Brew Stefan , Barber Peter Alan 
Published: January 2023

Background
In patients with stroke with large‐vessel occlusion and extensive ischemic change denoted by low Alberta Stroke Programme Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS), the role of bridging thrombolysis before endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is still to be determined. We aimed to examine the impact of ischemic change on clinical outcomes and how this is modified by bridging thrombolysis in patients treated with EVT.

Methods
Consecutive patients undergoing anterior circulation EVT from a prospectively collected registry were included in this retrospective analysis. ASPECTS was evaluated from baseline noncontrast computed tomography scans with lower scores indicating larger areas of ischemic change. Outcome measures included symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score, 0–2) at day 90. Multivariable logistic regression models with interaction terms between ASPECTS and bridging thrombolysis were created. ASPECTS was treated as numeric variable in the primary analysis and trichotomized (ASPECTS ≤5, 6–8, 9–10) in a sensitivity analysis.

Results

A total of 872 patients undergoing EVT (384 women, mean±SD age of 67±15, baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale 16 [interquartile range, 11–20]) were included. A total of 549 (63%) patients were transferred from primary stroke centers for EVT and 436 (50%) received bridging intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase. On baseline computed tomography scan, median [interquartile range] ASPECTS was 8 [7–9], with 408 (47%) having minimal (ASPECTS 9–10), 376 (43%) moderate (ASPECTS 6–8), and 88 (10%) extensive (ASPECTS ≤5) ischemic change. With decreasing numeric ASPECTS, the probability of functional independence reduced (ASPECTS main effect adjusted odds ratio, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.23–1.52];
P
<0.001), but this was attenuated in those with bridging thrombolysis (interaction
P
=0.046). This interaction was significant for patients transferred to the EVT center after thrombolysis (interaction
P
=0.03) but not for patients presenting directly to the EVT center (interaction
P
=0.46). The interaction between ASPECTS and bridging thrombolysis was not significant when ASPECTS was split into the 3 categories (
P
=0.35).

Conclusion
In a cohort of patients undergoing EVT where most were transferred from a primary stroke center, ischemic change was associated with decreased probability functional independence, but this effect was attenuated with bridging thrombolysis. These results suggest that patients with large areas of ischemic change may still benefit from the earliest possible reperfusion afforded by bridging thrombolysis.