bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed orbital states and modulated crystal structures in La1−xCaxMnO3 deduced from synchrotron X-ray diffraction
Authors: Pissas Michael , Stamopoulos Dimosthenis , Prassides Kosmas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the model manganese perovskites La1−xCaxMnO3, several important phenomena have been observed, including ferromagnetic metallic/insulating states, colossal magnetoresistance effects, and charge- and orbital-ordered states. In the past, only compounds with x = 1/2, 2/3 and 3/4 and an insulating ground/antiferromagnetic state have been studied. To fully understand the crystal and electronic structures of these materials, it is important to study compounds with doping levels in the range of 0.5 < x < 2/3. Here we study the crystal structure in a series of compounds with 0.5 < x ≤ 0.6 using ultrahigh-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The experimental results reveal that all compounds undergo a structural transition at T < TCO(x) ≈ 200 − 220 K with the concomitant emergence of superlattice Bragg peaks, which can be indexed assuming a superstructure with a modulation propagation vector, τ. At the base temperature of 5 K, the modulation vector of the superstructure τ = [τa, 0, 0] is parallel to the a-axis, with τa varying linearly with x, as τa ≈ 1 − x. Our results may aid attempts to understand more deeply phenomena related to spin, charge, and orbital ordering, as well as colossal magnetoresistance and symmetry breaking and emergent order in quantum states.
Plant height determines phenological variation in Quercus suber L.
Authors: Pinto Clara de Assunção , Correia Alexandra C. , Caldeira Maria da Conceição , David Teresa Soares , Costa e Silva Filipe 
Published: July 2023

Phenological traits of vegetative apical buds were monitored in a Quercus suber L. (cork oak) montado near Lisbon during 2015. Natural regeneration plants, growing at a fenced plot, and mature trees (MT) from the surrounding montado were selected and divided in six groups (n=8) according to height (H): Sd1 (small seedlings, H<0.1 m); Sd2 (seedlings, 0.1<H<0.5 m); Sp (saplings, 1<H<2 m); Jv1 (small juveniles, 3<H<6 m); Jv2 (juveniles, H>6 m); MT (mature trees). Observations included budburst date, apical shoot elongation and leaf production.
Vegetative phenology patterns of Q. suber changed according to height/age group. Average budburst dates occurred between early-April (day 99, Sd1) and mid-May (after day 120, mature and juvenile trees), at day lengths between 12.8 (Sd1) and 13.7 hours (Jv2). Height was positively related with average budburst dates, degree day sums and daylength at budburst. Shoot elongation followed different patterns according to size/age group. In seedlings, cumulative growth was smaller and restricted to the weeks immediately after budburst, whilst taller/older trees phenological patterns were more variable, with vegetative growth often maintained until mid-summer. The differences in budburst timing and vegetative growth patterns may be reflecting the different strategies to cope with resource limitation and maximize the length of the growing season among groups.
Destilação de Misturas Multicomponentes: O Procesamento de Gema de Pinheiro em Pez e Aguarrás
Authors: Soares Andreia , Pestana Miguel 
Published: July 2023

O trabalho apresentado, assenta no processamento da gema de pinheiro, envolvendo a sua integração na Fileira da Resina, desde o Pinhal aos Outputs da destilação - Pez e Aguarrás.
No introito esclarece-se o que se entende por destilação e aborda-se a sua evolução no tempo até à atualidade, sendo detalhado os diferentes métodos de destilação e realçado os pontos fundamentais da mesma. É ainda apresentado os processos de destilação, dando destaque à destilação por arrastamento de vapor.
Foi feito uma breve descrição sobre a resinagem, como evoluiu e como é feita hoje em dia, desde a abertura e condução das feridas, até à recolha e transporte da gema para a unidade fabril. Foi ainda apresentado os diferentes tipos de coletor atualmente em uso.
No processamento abordamos a terebintinagem e a destilação. Na primeira, processo preparatório da gema a destilar, esta é limpa e liquefeita. Na destilação são apresentados os diferentes aparelhos, descrevendo-se a evolução e o aparecimento dos mesmos, indicando-se as vantagens e as desvantagens de cada um, os parâmetros a controlar. Por fim, é referido as operações a efetuar ao Pez e à Aguarrás até ao seu armazenamento.
Encerramos este trabalho de pesquisa com a indicação de vias para a melhoria do processamento da gema de pinheiro.
Nouveaux formats de course, nouveaux engagements ? L’exemple des courses de type « Backyard »
Authors: Lancelevé Simon , Knobé Sandrine 
Published: July 2023

Depuis 20 ans, de nouvelles épreuves de course pédestre ont vu le jour, à partir des pays occidentaux (Bridel, W., Markula, P., & Denison, J. (Éds.). (2016). Endurance running: A socio-cultural examination. London, New York: Routledge). Ces dernières ont pour point commun de vouloir insuffler un caractère festif au sein du monde de l’endurance, sans se départir des notions d’« extrême » ou de « convivialité » (Bessy, O. (2002). Le grand raid de La Réunion : À chacun son extrême et un emblème pour tous. Saint-André : Océan Édition). Depuis 2019, nous nous sommes intéressés à un format d’épreuves poussant les athlètes à courir le plus longtemps possible sur une boucle de 7 km, en moins d’une heure, sous peine d’élimination. Ces épreuves sont nommées « Backyard » ou « Dernier homme debout ». À partir d’un travail d’observation et de questionnaires en ligne, nous avons essayé de comprendre les motifs d’inscription et de pratique des athlètes y participant (n = 389). Nous avons comparé ces résultats à ceux d’athlètes de courses plus « classiques », afin d’en relever les éventuelles spécificités (n = 1407). Nous avons alors noté des caractéristiques sociales et sportives différentes au sein des deux groupes.
Körperliche Aktivität und Ernährung in der Prävention und Therapie des Kolorektalen Karzinoms
Authors: Adamek Michaela Ute , Bergmann Laura , Adamek Henning Ernst 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Kolorektale Karzinome sind eine der häufigsten Krebserkrankungen in Europa. Moderne Therapieformen verbessern die Überlebenschancen; trotzdem sind die Erkrankung und ihre Behandlung mit einer hohen Morbidität verbunden. Körperliche Aktivität (KA) hat offensichtlich einen positiven Einfluss auf das Erkrankungsrisiko, die perioperative Komplikationsrate und die adjuvante Therapie.
Methode Grundlage für diese narrative Übersicht ist eine selektive Literatursuche in der Datenbank PubMed, ergänzt durch eine Suche in GoogleScholar bis 30.09.2022. Eingeschlossen wurden Originalarbeiten, Metaanalysen und systematische Reviews. Studien, die Bewegung und Ernährung analysierten, wurden ebenso berücksichtigt wie Leitlinien und Positionspapiere der deutschen, europäischen und amerikanischen Fachgesellschaften.
Ergebnisse Ein körperlich aktiver Lebensstil trägt über epigenetische Mechanismen zur Reduktion des Kolonkrebsrisikos bei. Je nach Studienprotokoll und Dosis der körperlichen Aktivität sind Risikoreduktionen zwischen 12 und 27 Prozent dokumentiert. Eine Prehabilitation aus Ernährung, Bewegung und psychologischer Unterstützung kann die peri- und postoperativen Ergebnisse beim kolorektalen Karzinom verbessern. Ausdauer- und Krafttraining können das rezidivfreie Überleben und die Tumorsterblichkeit verbessern. Keine Studie konnte eindeutige Verbesserungen bei Symptomabfragen (z.B. Fatigue) oder Biomarkern durch eine Ernährungsumstellung zeigen.
Schlussfolgerung Trotz einer Vielzahl an wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen sind viele Fragen zum Einfluss von kA auf die verschiedenen Phasen einer Kolonkarzinomerkrankung nicht hinreichend geklärt. Empfehlungen zur Prehabilitation und zur Tertiärprophylaxe können aktuell nur auf Basis heterogener Studiendaten gegeben werden.
Bridging the gap: A quality improvement project to implement
psychosocial care standards into clinical practice in pediatric
oncology
Authors: Weiler-Wichtl Liesa J. , Fohn-Erhold Verena , Schneider Carina , Schwarzinger Agathe , Krottendorfer Kerstin , Pletschko Thomas , Rosenmayr Verena , Gojo Johannes , Peyrl Andreas , Dieckmann Karin , Kollmann Alina Stefanie , Hansl Rita , Slavc Irene , Fries Jonathan , Hopfgartner Maximilian , Leiss Ulrike 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background Psychosocial guidelines and standards systematically describe
stressors and resources in particularly challenging situations and hence serve
as a basis for interventions to achieve defined psychosocial goals. Despite
fundamental principles and guidelines for psychosocial methods, the quality of
provided care varies considerably depending on setting, provision, and
profession. The purpose of the present protocol is to illustrate the development
and evaluation of the standardized psychological intervention “My
Logbook”, a practical guide accompanying children through all stages of
treatment by directly translating current quality standards of psychosocial care
into practice.
Methods In an evidence-based set-up, using face-to-face discussions and
telephone conferences, a multi-professional team of local experts decide on
critical disease-related issues, structure, content (information and
intervention elements) and design of the quality improvement tool. Via delphi
surveys an extended expert team is asked to rate the content, method, and design
of all booklets which is concluded by a final agreement by the specialist group
for quality assurance of the psychosocial working group in the Society for
Pediatric Oncology (PSAPOH). The developed tools are piloted in an international
multicenter study to evaluate the patient-reported outcome and feasibility and
to integrate practical views of patients, as well as psychosocial and
interdisciplinary professionals into the further development of the “My
Logbook”.
Discussion The iterative development of the “My Logbook”
including local and international experts as well as the patient and practical
perspective allow for the design of a process-oriented, consensus – and
evidence-based tool directly translating the S3-Guideline into clinical
practice. Feasibility and applicability are fostered through an iterative
process of constant evaluation and adaptation of the tool by international
experts and through the clinical experience gathered in the multi-centered pilot
study. Furthermore, the systematic evaluation of the tool by patients,
psychosocial, and interdisciplinary professionals enables the identification of
persisting gaps between evidence-based standards and clinical practice,
discrepancies between the various stakeholders’ perspectives as well as
regional differences in feasibility, thereby directly linking practice and
research. The preliminary results emphasize that psychological support can be
standardized, enabling an evaluation and optimization of psychosocial care which
future studies need to assess in multicenter clinical randomized controlled
trials.
Palladium-Catalyzed Ring Opening of Cyclobutanones with Carbon- and Heteroatom-Centered Nucleophiles
Authors: Ano Yusuke , Takahashi Daichi , Yo Kazumune , Nagamune Ryosuke , Chatani Naoto 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe transformation of cyclobutanones into acyclic carbonyl compounds through a Pd-catalyzed C–C bond cleavage is reported. The use of an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand efficiently promoted the ring opening and functionalization of various cyclobutanones, not only with alcohols, but also with N-centered nucleophiles, such as aniline or amide derivatives. Cyclobutanones were also found to react with arylboronic esters, resulting in the production of acyclic aryl ketones.
H3 K27M-Altered Diffuse Midline Gliomas: A Review
Authors: Wiśniewski Karol , Ghaly Andrew , Drummond Kate , Fahlstrӧm Andreas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDiffuse midline glioma H3 K27M-altered is a recently renamed high-grade glioma in the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors, previously being labelled diffuse midline glioma H3 K27M-mutant in the 2016 update and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma prior to 2016. After identification of multiple alterations causing H3 K27 hypomethylation, the definition of this tumor subtype was changed. To further characterize this new entity in both the pediatric and adult population, we conducted a review of the current literature, investigating genetic, epidemiological, clinical, radiological, histopathological, treatment and prognostic characteristics, particularly highlighting the differences between adults and children. This tumor is more common in children, and has a poorer prognosis. Additionally, childhood H3 K27-altered gliomas are more common in the brainstem, but more common in the thalamus in adults. Sadly, limited treatment options exist for these tumors, with radiotherapy the only treatment shown to improve overall survival.
Endoscopic Excision of Third Ventricle Choroid Plexus Papilloma
Authors: Rathore Lavlesh , Sahana Debabrata , Kumar Sanjeev , Sahu Rajiv K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChoroid plexus papilloma is a rare intraventricular tumor in children. Its management poses a challenge. Here we describe such a case of third ventricular choroid plexus papilloma and its endoscopic excision through a single burr hole. A 1-year-old child presented with headache, vomiting, and a large head with sunset sign and tense fontanel. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging brain plain and contrast revealed dilated ventricles with a frondlike mass in the third ventricle with intense contrast enhancement, suggestive of choroid plexus papilloma of the third ventricle. The lesion was excised completely using an endoscope placed through a single burr hole at the right Kocher's point. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. The child was relieved of his symptoms. CT scan revealed complete removal of the lesion. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of choroid plexus papilloma. We document our surgical experience and present an edited video of the surgery. The key steps and nuances are described in the audio timeline. The authors acknowledge the feasibility of performing this complex surgery via a minimally invasive method, which has not been accepted routinely for this pathology.
Oxygenation Instability during Bolus versus Continuous Feeding among Very Low Birth Weight Premature Infants, Supported by Noninvasive Ventilation: A Randomized Prospective Study
Authors: Borenstein-Levin Liron , Haj Ahmad , Riskin Arieh , Dinur Gil , Littner Yoav , Hochwald Ori , Kugelman Amir 
Published: July 2023

Objective This study aimed to compare oxygenation instability, as documented by the oxygen saturation (SpO2) histograms, during bolus (over 30 minutes) versus continuous (over 2 hours) feeding among very low birth weight (VLBW) premature infants, supported with noninvasive ventilation (NIV).
Study Design This was a randomized prospective study. VLBW infants supported with NIV received three consecutive feeds in a random order of bolus-continuous-bolus or continuous-bolus-continuous. During each feed, 30 minutes and 2 hours histograms were documented.
Results Twenty-four infants (birth weight [mean ± standard deviation, SD] 820 ± 168 g, gestational age [mean ± SD] 27.0 ± 1.6 weeks) were included in our study (12 infants started with bolus feeding and 12 with continuous feeding) and 72 histograms were obtained (36 during bolus feeding and 36 during continuous feeding). No differences in mean fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), and number of apnea events were observed between the two feeding modes. Oxygenation instability as assessed by time spent in different SpO2 ranges and histogram types (stable or unstable) was comparable during bolus and continuous feedings. Changing feeding mode from bolus to continuous or vice versa did not significantly change the oxygenation instability of the group, though individual infants did show a consistence response to feeding length changes.
Conclusion Among VLBW infants supported with NIV, oxygenation instability, as documented by SpO2 histograms, was comparable between bolus and continuous feedings. Individual infants may benefit from specific feeding length, and this can be easily demonstrated by the SpO2 histograms.
Key Points
Intraoperative Squash Cytology and Histopathological Correlation of Glial Tumors at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Bajaj Diya , Ramchandani Lekha , Ansari Shamim , Yadav Nishtha , Bajaj Jitin , Ratre Shailendra , Parihar Vijay , Swamy M. Narayan , Yadav Yad Ram 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction Central nervous system (CNS) tumors account for around 1 to 2% of all neoplasms, commonest of them being gliomas. Gliomas constitute a large, heterogenous group of tumors known for a wide variation in clinical presentation, gross and microscopic features, and biologic behavior. Squash cytology can be a great asset in the intraoperative diagnosis of CNS pathology. In this article, we correlate it with the histopathology of gliomas.
Methods A prospective analytical study was conducted at the Department of Neuropathology, Super-Speciality Hospital, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, India. A total of 75 samples were collected for intraoperative squash cytology. The biopsy samples were collected subsequently after surgery for histopathological correlation. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of squash cytology.
Results Of the total 75 patients clinically and radiologically suspected of having gliomas, 43 (57.33%) were males to give a male-to-female ratio of 1.34:1. The mean age at presentation was 36.50 ± 16.87 years. Right-sided tumors were more common. The most common location was the frontal lobe (46.66%). Concordance with squash cytology was found in 81.33% of cases. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of squash cytology in the diagnosis of gliomas were found to be 98.61, 66.66, and 97.33%, respectively.
Conclusion Squash cytology is a rapid, inexpensive, and accurate diagnostic method for intraoperative diagnosis of gliomas that can guide the surgeon on the extent of tumor resection.
A novel Doppler backscattering (DBS) system to simultaneously measure radio frequency plasma fluctuations and low frequency turbulence
Authors: Chowdhury S. , Crocker N. A. , Peebles W. A. , Rhodes T. L. , Zeng L. , Lantsov R. , Van Compernolle B. , Brookman M. , Pinsker R. I. , Lau C. 
Published: July 2023

A novel quadrature Doppler Backscattering (DBS) system has been developed and optimized for the E-band (60–90 GHz) frequency range using either O-mode or X-mode polarization in DIII-D plasmas. In general, DBS measures the amplitude of density fluctuations and their velocity in the lab frame. The system can simultaneously monitor both low-frequency turbulence (f &lt; 10 MHz) and radiofrequency plasma density fluctuations over a selectable frequency range (20–500 MHz). Detection of high-frequency fluctuations has been demonstrated for low harmonics of the ion cyclotron frequency (e.g., 2fci ∼ 23 MHz) and externally driven high-frequency helicon waves (f = 476 MHz) using an adjustable frequency down conversion system. Importantly, this extends the application of DBS to a high-frequency spectral domain while maintaining important turbulence and flow measurement capabilities. This unique system has low phase noise, good temporal resolution (sub-millisecond), and excellent wavenumber coverage (kθ ∼ 1–20 cm−1 and kr ≲ 30 cm−1). As a demonstration, localized internal DIII-D plasma measurements are presented from turbulence (f ≤ 5 MHz), Alfvenic waves (f ∼ 6.5 MHz), ion cyclotron waves (f ≥ 20 MHz), as well as fluctuations around 476 MHz driven by an external high-power 476 MHz helicon wave antenna. In the future, helicon measurements will be used to validate GENRAY and AORSA modeling tools for prediction of helicon wave propagation, absorption, and current drive location for the newly installed helicon current drive system on DIII-D.
Mass spectrometry and in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations of organometallic species induced by the etching of germanium, antimony and selenium in a methane-based plasma
Authors: Meyer T , Girard A , Bouška M , Baudet E , Baillieul M , Nĕmec P , Nazabal V , Cardinaud C 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Organometallic positive ions were identified in inductively coupled plasmas by means of mass spectrometry during the etching of Ge, Sb, Se materials. A preliminary study was focused on identifying M
x
H
y
+ (M = Ge, Sb, Se) positive ion clusters during a H2/Ar etching process. The methane addition to the H2/Ar mixture generates CH
x
reactive neutral species. The latter react with the metalloids within gas phase to form M
x
C
y
H
z

+ organometallic ions. In addition, the etching of Sb2Se3 and Ge19.5Sb17.8Se62.7 bulk targets forms mixed products via ion-molecule reactions as evidenced by the presence of SeSbC
x
H
y

+ ion clusters. Changes in surface composition induced by the newly formed organometallic structures were investigated using in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In the case of the Ge and Sb surfaces, (M)–M–C
x
environments broadened the Ge 2p3/2, Ge 3d, Sb 3d and Sb 4d spectra to higher values of binding energy. For the Se surface, only the hydrogen and methyl bonding could explain the important broadening of the Se 3d core level. It was found that the Ge39Se61 thin film presents an induced (Ge)–Ge–Se entity on the Ge 2p3/2 and Ge 3d core levels.
In-situ critical current measurements of REBCO coated conductors during gamma irradiation
Authors: Chislett-McDonald S B L , Bullock L , Turner A , Schoofs F , Dieudonne Y , Reilly A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Rare-earth-barium-copper-oxide (REBCO) coated conductor tapes within next-generation tokamak pilot and power plant magnets will be exposed to broad-spectrum gamma-ray and neutron irradiation concurrently. It has been known since the 1980s that cumulative neutron fluence affects the superconducting properties of REBCO, but the effects of gamma rays are less certain, as are the effects of radiation (of any kind) during current flow. However, the use of superconductors as photon detectors suggests that energetic photons interact directly with the superconducting state, locally destroying superconductivity. Hence, as well as the effect of the overall radiation dose (fluence), the effect of radiation dose rate (flux) on the superconductor’s properties must be quantified to understand how REBCO magnets will perform during fusion magnet operation. In-situ measurements of the self-field critical current at 77 K, of several REBCO coated conductor tapes were performed during Co-60 gamma ray exposure at a dose rate of 86 Gy min−1. Samples were fully submerged in liquid nitrogen throughout the measurements. No change in the critical current of any sample during or after irradiation was observed within standard error. These are the first reported in-situ measurements of critical current during fusion-relevant gamma irradiation. Two samples were irradiated to a further dose of 208 kGy at room temperature and a second round of in-situ measurements was performed. No change in the critical current of these samples was observed within standard error. This corroborates recent studies, but is in conflict with older literature.