bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the heat transfer coefficient for a red clay brick
Authors: Tibaut Jan , Schanz Martin , Gfrerer Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThere is a need for the development of materials for thermal isolation. Heat energy is used in different ways, for example, for house warming or production of electricity from solar power plants. However, to use the heat energy efficiently isolating materials are needed. There are different materials available to isolate houses and heat storage containers. However, those materials are expensive and some are over engineered. The best available material for thermal isolation would be air that has the thermal coefficient . Thus, materials that trap a large amount of air are good isolators. On the other hand, some isolating materials are harmful for the environment, for example, glass wool, asbestos. An alternative are red clay bricks because red clay is a natural product that is present everywhere on the planet. But the thermal coefficient of red clay bricks is high . To reduce the thermal coefficient cavities can be added in the brick. The cavities trap air and reduce the thermal coefficient of the brick.We simulate the heat transfer through a hollow brick. The holes in the brick are cavities. In order to determine the heat transfer coefficient we solve the heat flux through the hollow brick. For that a model of the brick is formulated as sequence of a solid and a fluid part. In the solid part only heat conduction is present and in the fluid heat transfer is present in form of conduction, convection and radiation. The flow field in the fluid part is modelled with the velocity‐vorticity formulation of the incompressible Navier‐Stokes. It is assumed that the Rayleigh number is below 106, hence, natural convective laminar fluid flow is present in the cavities. The cavities are also heated by heat radiation of the surrounding walls.The numerical realisation is done with the Boundary‐Domain Integral Method (BDIM). To handle suitable geometries the complexity of the BDIM is reduced from quadratic to logarithmic or almost linear by applying the ‐methodology. M is the number of unknown domain nodes. Numerical studies will be presented.
A label machine for mechanical systems: Discovering operating states with unsupervised learning from load time series
Authors: Riebe Jakob , Hantschke Peter , Griesing Andreas , Kästner Markus 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLabeling time series data according to operating states is often a time‐consuming task that requires expert domain knowledge of the underlying mechanical system. In this paper, we propose a data‐driven algorithm that identifies and detects operating states from time series data by grouping time ranges of similar signal behavior together using an unsupervised machine learning approach. The scattering transform and principal component analysis are utilized to extract signal characteristics from time series data which are subsequently clustered by a Gaussian mixture model to generate operating states. To evaluate our approach, we compare the automatically generated operating states with a manual definition of operating states created through expert knowledge. Based on a publicly available eBike dataset, the results demonstrate that the data‐driven definition of operating states can yield similar results to a rule set based on expert knowledge.
Amplitude phase‐field crystal model for the hexagonal close‐packed lattice
Authors: De Donno Marcello , Salvalaglio Marco 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe phase‐field crystal model allows the study of materials on atomic length and diffusive time scales. It accounts for elastic and plastic deformation in crystal lattices, including several processes such as growth, dislocation dynamics, and microstructure evolution. The amplitude expansion of the phase‐field crystal model (APFC) describes the atomic density by a small set of Fourier modes with slowly‐varying amplitudes characterizing lattice deformations. This approach allows for tackling large, three‐dimensional systems. However, it has been used mostly for modeling basic lattice symmetries. In this work, we present a coarse‐grained description of the hexagonal closed‐packed (HCP) lattice that supports lattice deformation and defects. It builds on recent developments of the APFC model and introduces specific modeling aspects for this crystal structure. After illustrating the general modeling framework, we show that the proposed approach allows for simulating relatively large three‐dimensional HCP systems hosting complex defect networks.
The Work that Work does: How intrinsic and instrumental values are transformed into relational values through active work participation in Swiss community supported agriculture
Authors: Geissberger Stefan , Chapman Mollie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Community supported agriculture (CSA) is an alternative food network that aims to enable sustainable and just food production by bringing consumers and producers together. One version of CSA (Solidarische Landwirtschaft in German or Solidarity Agriculture) requires active labour participation of members as part of the subscription price.

This paper uses a relational values approach to explore what motivates members to join and participate in solidarity agriculture cooperatives and how the experience of participation changes their values and behaviour. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 21 members of three co‐operatives and analysed using a grounded theory approach. Specifically, we applied the Syntax of Environmental Values Framework, developed by Deplazes‐Zemp and Chapman.

Results show that members typically hold strong intrinsic values regarding fair compensation for farmer's work and local environmental sustainability and instrumental values regarding food quality and healthy eating. We found that participation and work practices at the cooperative added to and changed values and behaviour through new relational connections to food, farmers and to nature via the agricultural landscape.

These findings provide new insight into the ways that relational values can be adopted and more broadly on the relationship between values and behaviour. This paper concludes that values, especially relational values, can form and change through lived experiences. Our results can help guide programs aiming to foster pro‐environmental values in a local population by highlighting one possible mechanism to do so.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Beneficial cooperation
Authors: Kaenders Wilhelm , Leitenstorfer Alfred , Tauser Florian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMotivated by the first laboratory demonstration of a self‐referenced femtosecond frequency comb using a fiber laser [1], Toptica Photonics and the Ultrafast Phenomena and Photonics research group of Alfred Leitenstorfer at the University of Konstanz have established a direct link of collaboration since 2004. This long‐standing knowledge transfer has now been recognized with the Technology Transfer Prize of the German Physical Society (DPG).
Examining barriers and facilitators in asthma inhaler technique education and technology‐enhanced educational tools in children: A mixed methods evaluation using the theoretical domains framework
Authors: O'Connor Antonia , Tai Andrew , Brinn Malcolm , Hoang Amy , Cataldi Daniele , Carson‐Chahhoud Kristin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionEducational interventions for asthma inhaler technique have been identified as successful in improving technique in children, yet inhaler technique has not improved over time. New approaches should be considered, including the use of technology‐based interventions such as smartphone and tablet applications. Adoption and implementation of such technology in healthcare has been historically slow. This mixed‐methods study aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators of delivering and receiving asthma inhaler education for children in a hospital setting, including technology‐based interventions.MethodsChildren with asthma, their caregivers, and healthcare professionals who regularly provide asthma education, were invited to participate in a qualitative interview and brief questionnaire to describe their experiences, knowledge, beliefs, and recommendations about asthma education delivery. The Theoretical Domains Framework was used to develop questions for the semistructured moderator guide, questionnaire, and provide the rigorous evaluation framework for deductive thematic analysis.ResultsSixteen interviews and questionnaires were conducted with participants. Overall, healthcare professionals perceived more barriers in asthma inhaler education delivery than asthmatic children and their caregivers to receiving the education. Healthcare professionals and caregivers identified time‐pressures within a hospital setting as a barrier for providing sufficient education. However, all participants felt they had adequate knowledge in their asthma management skills and inhaler technique. Technology‐based innovations were viewed positively by all participant groups to improve asthma education.ConclusionsSeveral barriers and facilitators to current hospital‐based asthma education delivery were reported by target end‐users. Future programs should consider these findings when developing asthma inhaler educational interventions, particularly those using technology‐enhanced information delivery.
Combustion and secondary atomization behavior of nanofuel droplets laden with hematite, magnetite and lanthanum orthoferrites nanoparticles**
Authors: Küçükosman Rıdvan , Alper Yontar Ahmet , Gökhan Ünlü Cumhur , Ocakoglu Kasim 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCurrent research concerns the droplet combustion behavior of gasoline‐based nanofuel droplets containing hematite (Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4) and lanthanum orthoferrites (LaFeO3, La0.5Fe1.5O3 and La0.75Fe1.25O3) perovskite type nanoparticles (NPs) at 2.5 % wt. particle loadings. The results showed that the size distribution of hematite and magnetite NPs is on the 90–100 nm scale, while the lanthanum orthoferrites NPs have a particle size distribution of 25–40 nm. The particles with the largest surface area (78,5098 m2/g) and enhanced oxygen adsorbing ability were La0.5Fe1.5O3 NPs. Droplet combustion experiments were recorded with a high speed camera and a 7.5–14 μm spectral area thermal camera. Fe3O4 and LaFeO3 NPs high agglomerate tendency allowed only a single microexplosion event in nanofuel droplets towards the end of the experiment. Only the G/La0.5Fe1.5O3 fuel droplets trended to obey the D2‐law. Nanofuel droplets containing La0.5Fe1.5O3 NPs exhibited the highest maximum flame temperature of 264 °C. The catalytic activity of lanthanum orthoferrite perovskite‐type NPs during combustion was improved due to the decrease in the La ratio in the A‐site and the increase in the Fe ratio in the B‐site.
Ginkgo biloba extract promotes Treg differentiation to ameliorate ischemic stroke via inhibition of HIF‐1α/HK2 pathway
Authors: Hui Wenyu , Huang Wei , Zheng Zuguo , Li Yi , Li Ping , Yang Hua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe ischemic brain can dialogue with peripheral tissues through the immune system. Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) was used to regulate various neurological disorders; however, the impact of EGb on ischemic stroke is still unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate whether immunomodulation has participated in the beneficial effects of EGb on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) brain injury. Mice were orally administered with EGb once daily for 7 days before the induction of I/R. Neurobehavioral scores, infarct volume, and brain inflammation were determined. The proportion of CD4+ T cells was detected by flow cytometry. EGb significantly lowered neurobehavioral scores, infarct volume, and the level of inflammatory cytokines in I/R mice. Interestingly, EGb altered the proportion of CD4+ T cells, particularly increasing the proportion of Treg cells. Depletion of Treg cells weakened the neuroprotective effects of EGb on ischemic stroke; furthermore, EGb decreased the expression of HIF‐1α and HK2 and promoted the differentiation of Treg cells in vitro. EGb suppressed the HIF‐1α/HK2 signaling pathway to promote the differentiation of Treg cells and ameliorate ischemic stroke in mice. The expansion effect of EGb on Treg cells could be exploited as part of future stroke therapy.
Galangin attenuates doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity via activating nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathway to suppress oxidative stress and inflammation
Authors: Fang Guangyao , Li Xiuchuan , Yang Fengyuan , Huang Ting , Qiu Chenming , Peng Ke , Yang Yongjian , Lan Cong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX) has aroused contradiction between its potent anti‐tumor capacity and severe cardiotoxicity. Galangin (Gal) possesses antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. We aimed to explore the role and underlying mechanisms of Gal on DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with DOX (3 mg/kg, every 2 days for 2 weeks) to generate cardiotoxicity model and Gal (15 mg/kg, 2 weeks) was co‐administered via gavage daily. Nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) specific inhibitor, ML385, was employed to explore the underlying mechanisms. Compared to DOX‐insulted mice, Gal effectively improved cardiac dysfunction and ameliorated myocardial damage. DOX‐induced increase of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and NADPH oxidase activity and downregulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were blunted by Gal. Gal also markedly blocked increase of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α in DOX‐insulted heart. Mechanistically, Gal reversed DOX‐induced downregulation of Nrf2, HO‐1, and promoted nuclear translocation of Nrf2. ML385 markedly blunted the cardioprotective effects of Gal, as well as inhibitive effects on oxidative stress and inflammation. Gal ameliorates DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation via activating Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway. Gal may serve as a promising cardioprotective agent for DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity.
Quantum Communication Networks for Energy Applications: Review and Perspective
Authors: Paudel Hari P. , Crawford Scott E. , Lee Yueh‐Lin , Shugayev Roman A. , Leuenberger Michael N. , Syamlal Madhava , Ohodnicki Paul R. , Lu Ping , Mollot Darren , Duan Yuhua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe energy sector is expected to undergo significant changes in the coming decades with the advent of new technologies, including smart grid development, microgrid expansion, increasing electric vehicle and renewable energy usage, and enhanced measures to minimize greenhouse gas emission, among others. In tandem, these changes are expected to create new opportunities for the deployment of quantum technologies within the energy sector. Building on the authors' previous reviews on the current state of and future opportunities for quantum sensing, quantum computing and quantum simulations for energy sector applications, this work provides an overview of recent progress in quantum networking and communications for the energy industry, with a focus on platforms, devices, and protocols, including quantum teleportation and quantum key distribution. Specific areas of relevance to the energy sector are then analyzed, including the role of quantum networks for greenhouse gas monitoring, secure data collection and transmission in smart grids, nuclear power plants’ safety, facilitating oil and gas exploration, and other energy‐relevant applications. This review concludes with a brief overview of areas for future innovation, including the need for platforms for simulating quantum networks, quantum material and platform design, and computational approaches to accelerate quantum protocol discovery and development.
Bright Source of Purcell‐Enhanced, Triggered, Single Photons in the Telecom C‐Band
Authors: Nawrath Cornelius , Joos Raphael , Kolatschek Sascha , Bauer Stephanie , Pruy Pascal , Hornung Florian , Fischer Julius , Huang Jiasheng , Vijayan Ponraj , Sittig Robert , Jetter Michael , Portalupi Simone Luca , Michler Peter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSeveral emission features mark semiconductor quantum dots as promising non‐classical light sources for prospective quantum implementations. For long‐distance transmission and Si‐based on‐chip processing, the possibility to match the telecom C‐band is decisive, while source brightness and high single‐photon purity are key features in virtually any quantum implementation. An InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot emitting in the telecom C‐band coupled to a circular Bragg grating is presented here. This cavity structure stands out due to its high broadband collection efficiency and high attainable Purcell factors. Here, simultaneously high brightness with a fiber‐coupled single‐photon count rate of 13.9 MHz for an excitation repetition rate of 228 MHz (first‐lens single‐photon collection efficiency ≈17% for NA = 0.6), while maintaining a low multi‐photon contribution of is demonstrated. Moreover, the compatibility with temperatures of up to 40 K attainable with compact cryo coolers, further underlines the suitability for out‐of‐the‐lab implementations.
Hesperidin: Enrichment, forced degradation, and structural elucidation of potential degradation products using spectral techniques
Authors: Bisen Amol Chhatrapati , Rawat Priyanka , Sharma Gaurav , Sanap Sachin Nashik , Agrawal Sristi , Kumar Shiv , Kumar Ashok , Choudhury Abhijit Deb , Kamboj Sakshi , Narender Tadigoppula , Shukla Sanjeev K. , Kanojiya Sanjeev , Bhatta Rabi Sankar 
Published: September 2023

RationaleHesperidin (HES) is a well‐known citrus bioflavonoid phyto‐nutraceutical agent with polypharmacological properties. After 2019, HES was widely used for prophylaxis and COVID‐19 treatment. Moreover, it is commonly prescribed for treating varicose veins and other diseases in routine clinical practice. Pharmaceutical impurities and degradation products (DP) impact the drug's quality and safety and thus its effectiveness. Therefore, forced degradation studies help study drug stability, degradation mechanisms, and their DPs. This study was performed because stress stability studies using detailed structural characterization of hesperidin are currently unavailable in the literature.MethodsIn the HES enrichment method crude HES was converted to its pure form (98% purity) using column chromatography and then subjected to forced degradation under acid, base, and neutral hydrolyses followed by oxidative, reductive, photolytic, and thermal stress testing (International Conference on Harmonization guidelines). The stability‐indicating analytical method (SIAM) was developed to determine DPs using reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (C18 column with methanol and 0.1% v/v acetic acid in deionized water [70:30, v/v] at 284 nm). Further, structural characterization of DPs was performed using liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In addition, in silico toxicity predictions were performed using pKCSM and DataWarior freeware.ResultsHES was found to be susceptible to acidic and basic hydrolytic conditions and yielded three DPs in each, which were detected using designed SIAM. Of six DPs, three were pseudo‐DPs (short lived), and the remaining were characterized using LC–MS/MS and NMR spectroscopy. The tentative mechanism of the formation of proposed DPs was explained. The proposed DPs were found inactive from in silico toxicity predictions.ConclusionsHesperidin was labile under acidic and basic stress conditions. The potential DPs were characterized using LC‐ESI‐MS/MS and NMR spectral techniques. The proposed mechanism of formation was hypothesized. In addition, to identify and characterize the DPs, a SIAM, which has broad biomedical applications, was successfully developed.
Impact of differentiated service delivery models on retention in HIV care and viral suppression among people living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Bwire George M. , Njiro Belinda J. , Ndumwa Harieth P. , Munishi Castory G. , Mpondo Bonaventura C. , Mganga Mathew , Mang'ombe Emmanuel , Bakari Muhammad , Sangeda Raphael Z. , Sudfeld Christopher R. , Killewo Japthet 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDifferentiated service delivery (DSD) models, such as adherence clubs (ACs), are client‐centred approaches where clinically stable people living with HIV (PLHIV) meet to receive various services, including psychosocial support, brief symptoms screening, and refills of antiretroviral medications, among others. We conducted a review to assess the impact of DSD models, including ACs, on sustaining retention in care (RC) and achieving viral suppression (VS) among PLHIV in sub‐Saharan Africa. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023418988). We searched the literature from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and Google Scholar from their inception through May 2023. Eligible randomised controlled trials of adherence clubs were reviewed to assess impact on retention and viral suppression. Random effect models were used to estimate the risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The literature search yielded a total of 1596 records of which 16 randomised clinical trials were determined to be eligible. The trials were conducted in diverse populations among adults and children with a total of 13,886 participants. The RR between any DSD models and standard of care (SoC) was 1.09 (95% CI: 1.08–1.11, I2: 0%, p: <0.96) and 1.01 (95% CI: 1.00–1.02, I2: 0%, p: <0.85) for RC and VS, respectively. The RR between ACs and SoC was 1.01 (95% CI: 0.96–1.07, I2: 84%, p: <0.01) and 1.02 (95% CI: 0.98–1.07, I2: 77%, p: <0.01) for RC and VS, respectively. DSD models, including ACs, show comparable effectiveness to SoC in maintaining care and achieving viral suppression for stable PLHIV. To maximise adoption, an implementation science approach is crucial for designing effective strategies and overcoming challenges.
Control Lyapunov–Barrier function based model predictive control for stochastic nonlinear affine systems
Authors: Zheng Weijiang , Zhu Bing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA stochastic model predictive control (MPC) framework is presented in this paper for nonlinear affine systems with stability and feasibility guarantee. We first introduce the concept of stochastic control Lyapunov–Barrier function (CLBF) and provide a method to construct CLBF by combining an unconstrained control Lyapunov function (CLF) and control barrier functions. The unconstrained CLF is obtained from its corresponding semi‐linear system through dynamic feedback linearization. Based on the constructed CLBF, we utilize sampled‐data MPC framework to deal with states and inputs constraints, and to analyze stability of closed‐loop systems. Moreover, event‐triggering mechanisms are integrated into MPC framework to improve performance during sampling intervals. The proposed CLBF based stochastic MPC is validated via an obstacle avoidance example.
A novel iterative learning control scheme based on Broyden‐class optimization method
Authors: Qian Jiaxi , Shen Dong 
Published: September 2023

SummaryThis study proposes a novel iterative learning control scheme for discrete‐time linear systems based on the Broyden‐class optimization method. To overcome the difficulty of lacking system information, a cost function is introduced for the performance index by constructing a positive‐definite matrix with little system information. An optimization‐based learning control algorithm is proposed using a Hessian matrix approximation and the generated input sequence is demonstrated to exhibit a superlinear convergence rate. The proposed scheme is extended to address the point‐to‐point tracking problem. Numerical simulations are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.