bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behandlung von persistierenden Lungenparenchymverletzungen beim Thoraxtrauma: Lungenlazeration, pleurale Fistel und Pneumothorax
Authors: Neudecker Jens , Schulz-Drost Stefan , Walles Thorsten 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Thoraxtrauma ist eine häufige Unfallverletzung mit hoher Morbidität und Mortalität. Die präklinische und klinische Akutversorgung des Thoraxtraumas erfolgt entsprechend den Empfehlungen
einer nationalen S3-Leitlinie. Nach erfolgreicher Akutversorgung können bei bis zu einem Drittel der Patienten Lungenlazerationen, pleurale Fisteln und Pneumothoraces als Folgezustände
persistieren. In einer interdisziplinären Arbeitsgruppe der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie wurde die vorhandene klinische
Evidenz zur Behandlung dieser Verletzungen gesichtet, bewertet und in Form von Konsensusempfehlungen ausgearbeitet. Hierbei zeigte sich eine inkohärente Klassifikation der Verletzungsfolgen
und eine geringe Evidenz für Diagnose- und Therapieempfehlungen zur Behandlung dieser Folgezustände.
Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension Due to CSF Leak at Multiple Spinal Levels—A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Saranraj M.K. , Giridharan K. , Nathan Sudhakshina , Babu Nadasha M. , Balamurugan Mangaleswaran 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a misdiagnosed condition characterized by low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume and an orthostatic headache that worsens with upright posture due to CSF leak at spinal dural defects. SIH due to CSF leak at multiple spinal levels is a rare condition, and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. Here, we report a case of SIH with a CSF leak at multiple spinal levels. The treatment options and efficacy of epidural blood patch (EBP) injection were discussed in this article.
Case Report A 36-year-old man presented with complaints of orthostatic headache for 2 months and a computed tomography myelogram demonstrated CSF leaks at multiple spinal levels through the dural defects at C5-C6, C6-C7, C7-T1, T1-T2 levels, and at L1, L2, L3, and L4 vertebral levels on the left side. He was managed with a targeted EBP injection and he improved symptomatically within 24 hours of the EBP injection.
Summary SIH is an entity that results from CSF leakage, often through spinal dural defects due to mechanical tear by osteophyte complex, disc prolapse, connective tissue disorders, CSF-venous fistula, and leaking meningeal diverticula. SIH can result from single or multiple dural leaks, but spinal leaks at multiple levels are uncommon. To the best of our knowledge, a total number of 163 cases have been reported in the literature so far. With good success rates, targeted EBP injection with autologous blood is an effective treatment option for both single-level and multiple-level spinal leaks.
Effect of Te content on microstructure and thermoelectric properties of Bi–Te multilayers
Authors: Zhang Jianxin , Jia Xuan , Yan Huifen , Xiao Ningru , Ning Pingfan , Yu Liyuan , Li Yuqiang 
Published: February 2023

Bi2Te3 is a thermoelectric material with high thermoelectric conversion efficiency near room temperature. The control of its components is an effective method to improve the thermoelectric properties of Bi–Te based materials. In this paper, seven-layer Bi–Te thin films with Te content ranging from 36.29% to 77.29% were deposited on non-rotating glass substrates by co-sputtering and the samples were rapidly thermally annealed in a nitrogen atmosphere. The films were characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Hall effect measurement methods, and the effects of the components on the film morphology and thermoelectric properties were investigated. The results showed that the films were composed of mainly Bi2Te3 after annealing. As the Te element content increased, the grain size in the film surface first increased and then decreased, the layers between the interfaces became less obvious, and the number of voids decreased. Subsequently, thin films with Te content between 60% and 75% were deposited on a rotating substrate; the thermoelectric properties were relatively high and stable after annealing. A film with Te content of 69.29% had a good crystallization quality and large grain size with a maximum power factor of 8.17 µW/(K2 cm) after annealing at 350 °C for 17 min.
Enhancing the electron mobility in Si-doped (010) β-Ga2O3 films with low-temperature buffer layers
Authors: Bhattacharyya Arkka , Peterson Carl , Itoh Takeki , Roy Saurav , Cooke Jacqueline , Rebollo Steve , Ranga Praneeth , Sensale-Rodriguez Berardi , Krishnamoorthy Sriram 
Published: February 2023

We demonstrate a new substrate cleaning and buffer growth scheme in β-Ga2O3 epitaxial thin films using metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). For the channel structure, a low-temperature (LT, 600 °C) un-doped Ga2O3 buffer was grown, followed by a transition layer to a high-temperature (HT, 810 °C) Si-doped Ga2O3 channel layers without growth interruption. The (010) Ga2O3 Fe-doped substrate cleaning uses solvent cleaning, followed by additional hydrofluoric acid (49% in water) treatment for 30 min before the epilayer growth. This step is shown to compensate the parasitic Si channel at the epilayer–substrate interface that originates from the substrate polishing process or contamination from the ambient. From secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) analysis, the Si peak atomic density at the substrate interface is found to be several times lower than the Fe atomic density in the substrate—indicating full compensation. The elimination of the parasitic electron channel at the epi–substrate interface was also verified by electrical (capacitance–voltage profiling) measurements. In the LT-grown (600 °C) buffer layers, it is seen that the Fe forward decay tail from the substrate is very sharp, with a decay rate of ∼9 nm/dec. X-ray off-axis rocking curve ω-scans show very narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) values, similar to the as-received substrates. These channels show record high electron mobility in the range of 196–85 cm2/V⋅s in unintentionally doped and Si-doped films in the doping range of 2 × 1016–1 × 1020 cm−3. Si delta-doped channels were also grown utilizing this substrate cleaning and the hybrid LT buffers. Record high electron Hall mobility of 110 cm2/V⋅s was measured for sheet charge density of 9.2 × 1012 cm−2. This substrate cleaning, combined with the LT buffer scheme, shows the potential of designing Si-doped β-Ga2O3 channels with exceptional transport properties for high-performance Ga2O3-based electron devices.
Drastic enhancement of the superconducting temperature in type-II Weyl semimetal candidate MoTe2 via biaxial strain
Authors: Yip King Yau , Lam Siu Tung , Yu Kai Ham , Chow Wing Shing , Zeng Jiayu , Lai Kwing To , Goh Swee K. 
Published: February 2023

A type-II Weyl semimetal candidate MoTe2, which superconducts at Tc ∼0.1 K, is one of the promising candidates for realizing topological superconductivity. However, the exceedingly low Tc is associated with a small upper critical field (Hc2), implying a fragile superconducting phase that only exists on a small region of the H–T phase diagram. Here, we describe a simple and versatile approach based on the differential thermal expansion between dissimilar materials to subject a thin single crystalline MoTe2 to biaxial strain. With this approach, we successfully enhance the Tc of MoTe2 by fivefold and consequently expand the superconducting region on the H–T phase diagram significantly. To demonstrate the relative ease of studying the superconductivity in the biaxially strained MoTe2, we further present the magnetotransport data, enabling the study of the temperature-dependent Hc2 and the anisotropy of the superconducting state, which would otherwise be difficult to obtain in a free-standing MoTe2. Our work shows that biaxial strain is an effective knob to tune the electronic properties of MoTe2. Due to the simplicity of our methodology to apply biaxial strain, we anticipate its direct applicability to a wider class of quantum materials.
From inference processes to situations of misunderstanding
Authors: Kohler Alaric , Mehmeti Teuta 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we describe inferences on a school task, which are reconstructed by the mean of two perspectives from argumentation theory: The pragma-dialectical model and Grize’s natural logic. Both analyses focus on the same item of mathematics, issued from a PISA survey, in order to discuss their specific contribution in elucidating the actual reasoning involved in both the student's answer and the evaluator’s expectations. The mismatch between these two points of view allow us to discuss the potentiality of a situation of misunderstanding.
Investigating how specific tasks in particular contexts are interpreted provides a contribution to methodological approaches treating thinking processes as situated and socially negotiated from a diversity of points of views, as for example Inhelder’s (1962) microgenetic approach. In order to extend such analysis to interpretations of discourse, an interdisciplinary approach combining argumentation theory and socio-cognitive psychology is needed.
Here, we observed for instance that students may provide the expected answers and still interpret the question or problem differently from the task’s designers (or “teacher”). The meaning of language and other signs, such as graphs or mathematical symbols, cannot be taken for granted when several interlocutors are involved. This issue chiefly concerns argumentation theory, since it raises the question of the integration of specific contexts and points of view in the analysis of argumentation. Therefore, argumentation should be analysed also as a process, and not only as a product; For more detail on this distinction, see for instance Grize (1996) and Kuhn & Udell (2003, 2007).
Investigation of the interference phenomenon between ultrashort pulses based on an all-fiber laser
Authors: Duan Lina , Wang Yishan , Guo Huinan , Wang Hushan , Fan Wei , Li Yan , Hao Minru , Liu Pandi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We experimentally report on the interference phenomenon between ultrashort pulses in fiber media. When the pulse interval goes further to a certain small scale, the interference effects can arise. As a result, the spectrum appears to be a modulation phenomenon. Different from the phenomenon of bound-state pulses in a fiber laser cavity, the relationship between the modulation period of the spectrum and the pulse interval in the time domain seems to go against the interference principle. At the same time, the time interval between the two pulses is far greater than the time difference caused by the optical path difference. We are very confused. It seems that when two pulses overlap by a certain proportion in time, they will push each other apart to increase the time interval. Moreover, when the pulse interval becomes smaller and the two pulses are overlapped in time, the corresponding autocorrelation trace exhibits only one peak with regular modulation instead of the conventional three peaks with equal spacing, which looks very strange and is hard to explain. Limited by our technical tools, we could not illustrate the physical causes, but there is no doubt that it will be very meaningful to research what happens. Our observations have found some novel optical phenomena in experiment, which may provide some reference for further exploration of interference phenomena between ultrashort pulses.
Global trigger versatile module for ATLAS phase-II upgrade
Authors: Filimonov V. , Bauss B. , Büscher V. , Schäfer U. , Ta D. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Global Trigger Versatile Module (GVM) has been developed within the framework of the ATLAS detector Phase-II upgrade. The GVM acts as an auxiliary hardware component that can be used for development, testing and operational purposes within and beyond the ATLAS Global Trigger in projects requiring high bandwidth and processing capabilities. The module is designed to host an advanced Xilinx Ultrascale+ VU13P FPGA and Finisar BOA optical modules, running at high data rates up to 25.8 Gb/s, as well as other hardware resources needed for the Global Trigger, located on a high-density PCB, optimized for high-speed data transmission. A testing program of the Global Trigger Versatile Module includes verification of the main hardware functionality of the module, performance evaluation of the high-speed optical modules and the FPGA, and Global Common Module development firmware tests.
Irradiation testing of ASICs for the HL-LHC ATLAS ITk Strip Detector
Authors: Dandoy J.R. , Dressnandt N.C. , Gosart T.C. , Gutierrez Zagazeta L.F. , Keener P.T. , Krizka K. , Kroll J. , Lipeles E. , Lu S. , Mayers G. , McGovern R.P. , Newcomer F.M. , Nikolica A. , Reilly M.B. , Thomson E. , Wall A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
For the high-luminosity upgrade to the LHC, the ATLAS Inner Detector will be replaced by an all-silicon tracker (ITk) consisting of two systems: pixels and strips. HCC and AMAC are ITk Strip ASICs vital for performing the system readout, monitoring, and control. To ensure these ASICs will successfully operate in the high-radiation environment of the HL-LHC, they need to be tested for radiation tolerance, and tests have been performed using both heavy ions and protons. The ASIC designs were shown to protect against single event effects due to radiation.
Artificial neural network on-chip and in-pixel implementation towards pulse amplitude measurement
Authors: Koziol A. , Szczygiel R. , Kuznar D. , Strzalka K. , Wielgosz M. , Otfinowski P. , Maj P. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We present the design of an in-pixel artificial intelligence (AI) for extraction of an amplitude of a pulse generated in semiconductor detector. The AI is design with traditional multi-level perceptron scheme having 6 layers and the total number of 420 parameters. The implementation shows 0.34% measurement accuracy. The AI block is fed by the 6-bit ADC at 5 MHz sampling rate. Standard front-end is optimized for low-noise pulses carrying 1000–3000 electrons. The methodology was tested using FPGA and results are promising. The design is intended to be fabricated and verified in the prototype solution.
Evaluation of GBT-FPGA for timing and fast control in CBM experiment
Authors: Sidorenko V. , Müller W.F.J. , Zabolotny W. , Fröhlich I. , Emschermann D. , Becker J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Timing and Fast Control (TFC) system for the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment is being developed with focus on low and deterministic data transmission latency. This helps to minimize data corruption in the free-streaming Data Acquisition (DAQ) system during occasional data bursts caused by the expected beam intensity fluctuations. Proven in latency-optimized experimental data transport applications, the GBT-FPGA core is expected to positively contribute to the TFC system performance. In this work, the core has been integrated as the primary communication interface and its effect on transmission latency and quality of time distribution has been evaluated.
Fractal and statistical characterization of brushstroke on paintings
Authors: Bigerelle Maxence , Guibert Robin , Mironova Anna , Robache Frederic , Deltombe Raphael , Nys Ludovic , Brown Christopher A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Identification of an individual artist’s touch on paintings is studied using surface metrology. Paintings’ topographies were measured using focus variation and stitching, creating 13 × 13 mm maps with 1 μm sampling intervals, and 169 megapixels, with a 10X objective lens. Topographic characterization parameters were analyzed for their ability to differentiate different painters’ renderings. Statistical treatments from data mining were used to discriminate, by optimization, multiscale topographic signatures characterized by a multitude of areal texture parameters. It appears that a fractal dimension can define 3 characteristic scale ranges. One from 3 to 70 μm corresponds to brushstroke details. Another, from 70 to 700 μm, corresponds to the topography of the material of the canvas fabric. Finally, scales greater than 700 μm correspond to undulations of the canvas. For scales less than 50 μm, the fractal structure of the topography left by brushstrokes follows a power law characterized by the slopes of the topography. The topography of the clouds painted on the canvas has an Sdq (topographic slopes) increasing with the clarity of the clouds at scales of 3–500 μm. According to the Torrance-Sparrow theory, the higher the Sdq, the more diffuse the light on the surface. The painter therefore wanted to show, by his brushstroke, that the light clouds diffuse more light giving an impression of local brightness. This study is confirmed by the analysis of the painting of Max Savy, a French painter from Carcassonne (1918–2009), which was measured with a white light interferometer Zygo NewView 7300, a X100 objective lens giving a 517 μm × 517 μm stitched surface, with a sampling interval of 0.109 μm. The box-counting method for estimating the fractal dimension of the topography of an oil painting appears optimal by the fact that it morphologically integrates scale variations of the local slopes of the surface morphology. This method thus characterizes the multiscale aspects, as well as the scale changes, of the topography.
Quality assurance of stereolithography based biocompatible materials for dental applications
Authors: Krishna Amogh V , Reddy Vijeth V , Dexter Dyall W , Wälivaara Dan-Åke , Abrahamsson Peter , Rosen B-G , Anderud Jonas 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is increasingly being used in healthcare sectors for its potential to fabricate patient-specific customized implants, and specifically in dentistry, AM finds its applications in maxillofacial implants, dentures, and other prosthetic aids. However, in most applications, AM is largely being used for prototyping purposes. The full-scale realization of AM can only be achieved if the downsides of AM are addressed and resolved. Hence this paper focuses on providing a detailed analysis of surface quality, dimensional accuracy, and mechanical properties of the biocompatible material produced, using the Stereolithography (SLA) method for a dental application. For quality analysis, test artefacts were produced, and the quality was assessed before and after the sterilization process. The results suggest that micro-surface roughness essential for cell growth is similar for all build inclinations and well within the control limit required for effective bone regeneration. Multi-scale surface characterization revealed that the sterilization process involving heat can potentially alter the micro-roughness features of resin-based materials. The results from the dimensional analysis show that the SLA parts produced had negligible dimensional deviations from the CAD model to the printed parts and were unaffected by the sterilization process. The tensile test results suggest that the part orientation does not affect the tensile strength and that the sterilization process seems to have an insignificant effect on the tensile properties of the SLA parts. Furthermore, the results were validated by producing a membrane barrier for Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR). The validation results showed that excess resin entrapment was due to the geometrical design of the membrane barrier. In conclusion, this paper provides an overview of quality variations that can help in optimizing the AM and sterilization process to suit dental needs.
The Jury: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Lerner Renée Lettow 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Many cultures in different times and places have used jurors to decide cases. This book shows why and how, in both historical and comparative perspective. Almost every society has professional judges, but from ancient Athens to medieval England to modern Japan, cultures have wanted ordinary persons involved. English-speaking countries are the best-known for developing the jury. The American founders celebrated jury nullification of laws and put rights to jury trial into their new constitutions; American juries continue to nullify laws today. The use of jurors has spread far beyond the English-speaking world, to Europe, Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Many societies are now reaping the benefits, and coping with the challenges, of using jurors. A number of countries have mixed panels of professional judges and lay jurors to decide cases—a practice which is widespread but not familiar to many in the English-speaking world. The book provides a balanced view of juries, exploring both their strengths and limitations. It addresses questions of how jurors are selected, for what cases they are used, their power to nullify the law, how they are guided or avoided, and how they make decisions.
Addiction: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Humphreys Keith 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Addiction: A Very Short Introduction presents the basic facts about addiction. What is addiction? How and why do some people become addicted and others do not? This VSI explores the what, why, and how of addiction and its corresponding treatment and societal response. Addiction involves public and personal interests; societal and criminal justice issues; and family, social, and medical responses. The VSI also assesses how laws and regulations on drugs influence the frequency and experience of addiction, and analyses how addiction may change as society continues to evolve.
178 A RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF PROCESS OUTCOMES OF OLDER ADULTS REFERRED TO A COMMUNITY RE-ENABLEMENT TEAM FROM THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
Authors: Synnott A , Ryan C , O'Connell P , Steed F , Reale S , Carey L , English S , Fitzgibbon K , O'Connell Á , Smalle E , Ryan D , Shchetkovsky D , McCarthy A , Moran B , Murphy H , O'Shaughnessy Í 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Emergency Departments (ED) are complex and challenging environments to provide care to older adults. There is currently a paucity of high quality methodological research investigating the effectiveness of interventions focused on transitions of care from the ED to primary care services (Hughes et al, 2019). This study aims to evaluate the impact of a collaborative model of care between primary and secondary care services for older adults discharged home following ED index visit.

Methods
This was an observational retrospective study. Participants aged ≥65 years discharged home from the ED of a University Teaching Hospital and referred to a Multidisciplinary Community Intervention Team (MDCIT) were included. Referral pathways were via the OPTIMEND team (Cassarino et al, 2021) and MDCIT, which is a rapid access re-enablement team based in the community and compromises nursing staff, an occupational therapist, physiotherapist, therapy and healthcare assistants. Descriptive statistics were used to profile the baseline characteristics of study participants and to summarise data related to process outcomes. Ethical approval was granted for this study (020/2021).

Results
In the study period, January—December 2020, 54 patients were referred to the MDCIT. The mean age of participants was 80.1 years (SD 8.2), 57% were female, and the most common Manchester Triage System presenting complaint was ‘limb problems’. The median Patient Experience Time within the ED was 7.4 hours (IQR 13.1); 55% of participants were seen in their home within 24 hours of discharge. A mean of 10 interventions were delivered by the MDCIT. A 9.1% incidence rate of 30 day unscheduled hospital readmission was recorded.

Conclusion
Integrated care programmes have been advocated to improve the continuum of care from the ED into the community. This evaluation has demonstrated the feasibility of implementing such a model of care. However, further methodologically robust research is required to advance the evidence base and should also focus on patient outcomes.