bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural identification of graphene films and nanoislands on 6H-SiC(0001) by direct height measurement
Authors: Ichou Hamza , Alchaar Mohanad , Baris Bulent , Michon Adrien , Dagher Roy , Dujardin Erik , Martrou David 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
By combining non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) and Kelvin probe microscopy (KPFM) in ultra high vacuum environment (UHV), we directly measure the height and work function of graphene monolayer on the Si-face of 6H-SiC(0001) with a precision that allows us to differentiate three different types of graphene structures : zero layer graphene (ZLG), Quasi free-standing monolayer graphene (QFMLG) and bilayer graphene (BLG). The height and work function of ZLG are 2.62 ± 0.22 Å and 4.42 ± 0.05 eV respectively, when they are 4.09 ± 0.11 Å and 4.63 ± 0.05 eV for QFMLG. The work function is 4.83 ± 0.05 eV for the BLG. Unlike any other available technique, the local nc-AFM/KPFM dual probe makes it possible to directly identify the nature of nanometer-sized graphene islands that constitute the early nuclei of graphene monolayer grown on 6H-SiC(0001) by chemical vapor deposition.
Teaching physics in real-life contexts: the Beirut explosion
Authors: Echiburu Mauricio , Hernández Carla , Pino Miguel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Teaching physics in real-life contexts continues to be a challenge for teachers at different educational levels. In this article, three context-rich problems are proposed to be implemented in the classroom for higher education, using the explosion that occurred in Beirut as a case study. These problems require the search and analysis of real data, integrating technologies as tools to learn physics. In particular, the analysis of images, videos, maps and audio recordings is suggested. The proposed activities are designed to promote active learning of classical mechanics subjects and the development of collaborative skills. The results of each problem allow a discussion based on scientific evidence in the classroom.
Predictions of electromotive force of magnetic shape memory alloy (MSMA) using constitutive model and generalized regression neural network
Authors: Emu Md Esharuzzaman 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs), such as Ni-Mn-Ga single crystals, can exhibit the shape memory effect due to an applied magnetic field at room temperature. Under a variable magnetic field and a constant bias stress loading, MSMAs have been used for actuation applications. Under variable stress and a constant bias field, MSMAs can be used in power harvesting or sensing devices, e.g. in structural health monitoring applications. This behavior is primarily a result of the approximately tetragonal unit cell whose magnetic easy axis is approximately aligned with the short axis of the unit cell within the Ni-Mn-Ga single crystals. Under an applied field, the magnetic easy axis tends to align with the external field. Similarly, under an applied compressive force, the short side of the unit cell tends to align with the direction of the force. This work introduced a new feature to the existing macro-scale magneto-mechanical model for Ni-Mn-Ga single crystal. This model includes the fact that the magnetic easy axis in the two variants is not exactly perpendicular as observed by D’silva et al (2020 Shape Mem. Superelasticity
6 67–88). This offset helps explain some of the power harvesting capabilities of MSMAs. Model predictions are compared to experimental data collected on a Ni-Mn-Ga single crystal. The experiments include both stress-controlled loading with constant bias magnetic field load (which mimics power harvesting or sensing) and field-controlled loading with constant bias compressive stress (which mimics actuation). Each type of test was performed at several different load levels, and the applied field was measured without the MSMA specimen present so that demagnetization does not affect the experimentally measured field as suggested by Eberle et al (2019 Smart Mater. Struct.
28 025022). Results show decent agreement between model predictions and experimental data. Although the model predicts experimental results decently, it does not capture all the features of the experimental data. In order to capture all the experimental features, finally, a generalized regression neural network (GRNN) was trained using the experimental data (stress, strain, magnetic field, & emf) so that it can make a reasonably better prediction.
Manufacturing thin ionic polymer metal composite for sensing at the microscale
Authors: Motreuil Ragot Paul , Hunt Andres , Sacco Leandro Nicolas , Sarro Pasqualina Maria , Mastrangeli Massimo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) are a class of materials with a rising appeal in biological micro-electromechanical systems (bio-MEMS) due to their unique properties (low voltage output, bio-compatibility, affinity with ionic medium). While tailoring and improving actuation capabilities of IPMCs is a key motivator in almost all IPMC manufacturing reports, very little efforts have been dedicated to sensing using IPMC thinner than 100 µm. Most reports on IPMC manufacturing and utilization rely on 180 µm-thick Nafion with platinum electrodes, too stiff for bio-MEMS applications. The same fabrication process on thinner membranes does yield in very poor electrodes and performance, and needs to be studied to increase flexibility and sensitivity in the microscale range. This study demonstrates an electroless Pt deposition method for fabricating bio-MEMS-suitable 50 µm-thick IPMC samples. First, we perform a comparative study on the platinum distribution within the Nafion backbone as well as on the surface for the standard electroless deposition recipe for thin (50 µm) and thick (180 µm) Nafion. We report strong differences in platinum distribution for thick and thin IPMC that experienced the same manufacturing process. By varying chemical concentrations from the standard recipe we obtain convenient platinum distribution on thin Nafion, with platinum mainly localized in proximity of surface, as well as electrodes with lower sheet resistance. We could measure the flexural rigidity as

3.43
×

10

−
8

N·m2, 46 times lower than standard 180 µm-thick IPMC. The calculated sensitivity is 0.476 ± 0.02 mV mm−1 and the limit of detection for our sensor is 500 ± 20 µm. This procedure sets a milestone for manufacturing 50 µm-thick IPMC for transducers and sensors in bio-MEMS applications.
Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida (RKKY) interaction in Weyl semimetals with tilted energy dispersion
Authors: Kundu Anirban , Bin Siu Zhuo , Jalil Mansoor B A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida (RKKY) interaction is an essential long-range magnetic interaction between magnetic impurities or magnetic layered structures, the magnitude of which oscillates with the distance

R

between them. We investigated the RKKY interaction between two magnetic impurities in both time-reversal and inversion symmetry-broken Weyl semimetals (WSMs) where the energy dispersion is tilted in momentum space and the momentum of the conduction electrons is locked with the pseudo-spin. Two important features are revealed: firstly, at the small tilt limit, the RKKY coupling varies quadratically with the tilt parameter and strikingly, at large separation distances

R

, decays as

1

/

R

compared to the conventional

1

/

R

3

dependence exhibited by WSMs with non-tilted dispersion. The slower decay by two orders (i.e.

1

/

R

as opposed to

1

/

R

3

) of the RKKY coupling is significant for maintaining a long-range RKKY coupling. Secondly, the RKKY coupling exhibits an anisotropy with respect to the angle between the tilt direction (w) and the separation direction R, unlike the case of non-tilted WSMs, which exhibits isotropic RKKY coupling. Consequently, the RKKY coupling in tilted WSMs alternately favors ferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic orders and vice-versa with the change of the angle. Our results are derived analytically and verified by numerical calculations based on realistic parameter values.
Deforming polar active matter in a scalar field gradient
Authors: Ibrahimi Muhamet , Merkel Matthias 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Active matter with local polar or nematic order is subject to the well-known Simha-Ramaswamy instability. It is so far unclear how, despite this instability, biological tissues can undergo robust active anisotropic deformation during animal morphogenesis. Here we ask under which conditions protein concentration gradients (e.g. morphogen gradients), which are known to control large-scale coordination among cells, can stabilize such deformations. To this end, we study a hydrodynamic model of an active polar material. To account for the effect of the protein gradient, the polar field is coupled to the boundary-provided gradient of a scalar field that also advects with material flows. Focusing on the large system size limit, we show in particular: (a) the system can be stable for an effectively extensile coupling between scalar field gradient and active stresses, i.e. gradient-extensile coupling, while it is always unstable for a gradient-contractile coupling. Intriguingly, there are many systems in the biological literature that are gradient-extensile, while we could not find any that are clearly gradient-contractile. (b) Stability is strongly affected by the way polarity magnitude is controlled. Taken together, our findings, if experimentally confirmed, suggest new developmental principles that are directly rooted in active matter physics.
LINNA: Likelihood Inference Neural Network Accelerator
Authors: To Chun-Hao , Rozo Eduardo , Krause Elisabeth , Wu Hao-Yi , Wechsler Risa H. , Salcedo Andrés N. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Bayesian posterior inference of modern multi-probe cosmological analyses incurs massive computational costs.
For instance, depending on the combinations of probes, a
single posterior inference for the Dark Energy Survey (DES) data had a wall-clock time that ranged from 1 to 21 days using a state-of-the-art computing cluster with 100 cores. These
computational costs have severe environmental impacts and the long wall-clock time slows scientific productivity. To address these difficulties, we introduce LINNA: the Likelihood Inference Neural Network Accelerator. Relative to the baseline DES analyses, LINNA reduces the computational cost associated with posterior inference by a factor of 8–50.
If applied to the first-year cosmological analysis of Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST Y1), we conservatively estimate that LINNA will save more than U.S. $300,000 on energy costs, while simultaneously reducing CO2 emission by 2,400 tons. To accomplish these reductions, LINNA automatically builds training data sets, creates neural network emulators, and produces a Markov chain that samples the posterior. We explicitly verify that LINNA
accurately reproduces the first-year DES (DES Y1) cosmological constraints derived from a variety of different data vectors with our default code settings, without needing to retune the algorithm every time.
Further, we find that LINNA is sufficient for enabling accurate and efficient sampling for LSST Y10 multi-probe analyses. We make LINNA publicly available at https://github.com/chto/linna, to enable others to perform fast and accurate posterior inference in contemporary cosmological analyses.
Excess of lensing amplitude in the Planck CMB power spectrum
Authors: Mokeddem Rahima , Hipólito-Ricaldi Wiliam S. , Bernui Armando 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Precise measurements of the Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) angular power spectrum (APS) at small angles have stimulated
accurate statistical analyses of the lensing amplitude parameter A
L. To confirm if it satisfies the value expected by the flat-ΛCDM concordance model, i.e. A
L = 1,
we investigate the spectrum difference obtained as the difference of the measured Planck CMB APS and the Planck best-fit
ΛCDM APS model. To know if this residual spectrum corresponds to statistical noise or if it has a hidden signature that can be accounted for
with a larger lensing amplitude A
L > 1,
we apply the Ljung-Box statistical test and find, with high statistical significance, that the spectrum difference is not statistical noise.
This spectrum difference is then analysed in detail using simulated APS, based on the Planck ΛCDM best-fit model, where the
lensing amplitude is a free parameter.
We explore different binnations of the multipole order ℓ and look for the best-fit lensing amplitude parameter that accounts
for the spectrum difference in a χ
2 procedure.
We find that there is an excess of signal that is well explained by a ΛCDM APS with a non-null lensing amplitude parameter A
lens, with values in the interval [0.10,0.29] at 68% confidence level.
Furthermore, the lensing parameter in the Planck APS should be 1 + A
lens > 1 at ∼ 3σ of statistical confidence.
Additionally, we perform statistical tests that confirm the robustness of this result.
Important to say that this excess of lensing amplitude, not accounted in the Planck's flat-ΛCDM model, could have an impact
on the theoretical expectation of large-scale structures formation once the scales where it was detected correspond to these matter
clustering processes.
Enhancing gravitational wave anisotropies with peaked scalar sources
Authors: Dimastrogiovanni Ema , Fasiello Matteo , Malhotra Ameek , Tasinato Gianmassimo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Gravitational wave (GW) backgrounds of cosmological origin are expected to be nearly
isotropic, with small anisotropies resembling those of the cosmic microwave background. We analyse
the case of a scalar-induced GW background and clarify in the process the relation between two
different approaches to calculating GW anisotropies. We focus on GW scenarios sourced by a
significantly peaked scalar spectrum, which are frequently considered in the context of primordial
black holes production. We show that the resulting GW anisotropies are characterised by a distinct
frequency dependence. We explore the observational consequences concentrating on a GW background
enhanced in the frequency band of space-based GW detectors. We study the detectability of the
signal through both cross-correlations among different space-based GW detectors, and among GW and
CMB experiments.
Optimal quantum control via genetic algorithms for quantum state engineering in driven-resonator mediated networks
Authors: Brown Jonathon , Paternostro Mauro , Ferraro Alessandro 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We employ a machine learning-enabled approach to quantum state engineering based on evolutionary algorithms. In particular, we focus on superconducting platforms and consider a network of qubits—encoded in the states of artificial atoms with no direct coupling—interacting via a common single-mode driven microwave resonator. The qubit-resonator couplings are assumed to be in the resonant regime and tunable in time. A genetic algorithm is used in order to find the functional time-dependence of the couplings that optimise the fidelity between the evolved state and a variety of targets, including three-qubit GHZ and Dicke states and four-qubit graph states. We observe high quantum fidelities (above 0.96 in the worst case setting of a system of effective dimension 96), fast preparation times, and resilience to noise, despite the algorithm being trained in the ideal noise-free setting. These results show that the genetic algorithms represent an effective approach to control quantum systems of large dimensions.
Multilingual Realities, Monolingual Ideologies: Social Media Representations of Spanish as a Heritage Language in the United States
Authors: Kircher Ruth , Kutlu Ethan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Little is known about how monolingual ideologies and their effects manifest in online contexts as compared to offline contexts. We conducted a corpus-assisted discourse study to investigate this, with a focus on Twitter representations of Spanish as a heritage language in the USA. We analysed two corpora (one English and one Spanish—over 30 million words), examining frequencies, collocations, concordance lines, and larger text segments. The results revealed evidence of the same ideologies found in offline contexts: normative monolingualism (drawing on the one-nation-one-language ideology and language purity ideologies) as well as raciolinguistic ideologies. We show how the semiotic processes of iconization and erasure lead to the (evidently erroneous) essentialization of Spanish heritage language speakers as a homogeneous group of un-American, racialized immigrants with broken language. This discursive creation of difference constitutes the basis for the systematic discrimination of Spanish heritage language speakers, thus reflecting and reproducing social inequality. Our findings therefore indicate the necessity of extending planning measures to protect heritage language speakers (and other minority groups) from offline contexts to online contexts.
Trends in surgical techniques for the treatment of esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer: the 2022 update
Authors: de Groot E M , Goense L , Kingma B F , Haverkamp L , Ruurda J P , van Hillegersberg R 
Published: January 2023

Summary
The aim of this study was to evaluate the current practice in surgical techniques for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer surgery worldwide and to compare the results to the previous surveys in 2007 and 2014. An online survey was sent out among surgical members of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus, the World Organization for Specialized Studies on Disease of the Esophagus, the International Gastric Cancer Association, the Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery of Great Britain and Ireland and Dutch gastroesophageal surgeons via the network of the investigators. In total, 260 surgeons completed the survey representing 52 countries and 6 continents; Europe 56%, Oceania 14%, Asia 14%, South-America 9%, North-America 7%. Of the responding surgeons, 39% worked in a hospital that performed &gt;51 esophagectomies per year. Total minimally invasive esophagectomy was the preferred technique (53%) followed by hybrid esophagectomy (26%) of which 7% consisted of a minimally invasive thoracic phase and 19% of a minimally invasive abdominal phase. Total open esophagectomy was preferred by 21% of the respondents. Total minimally invasive esophagectomy was significantly more often performed in high-volume centers compared with non-high-volume centers (P = 0.002). Robotic assistance was used in 13% during the thoracic phase and 6% during the abdominal phase. Minimally invasive transthoracic esophagectomy has become the preferred approach for esophagectomy. Although 21% of the surgeons prefer an open approach, 26% of the surgeons perform a hybrid procedure which may reflect further transition towards the use of total minimally invasive esophagectomy.
International multicenter survey on screening and confirmatory testing in primary aldosteronism
Authors: Naruse Mitsuhide , Murakami Masanori , Katabami Takuyuki , Kocjan Tomaz , Parasiliti-Caprino Mirko , Quinkler Marcus , St-Jean Matthieu , O'Toole Sam , Ceccato Filippo , Kraljevic Ivana , Kastelan Darko , Tsuiki Mika , Deinum Jaap , Torre Edelmiro Menéndez , Puar Troy , Markou Athina , Piaditis George , Laycock Kate , Wada Norio , Grytaas Marianne Aardal , Kobayashi Hiroki , Tanabe Akiyo , Tong Chin Voon , Gallego Nuria Valdés , Gruber Sven , Beuschlein Felix , Kürzinger Lydia , Sukor Norlela , Azizan Elena A B Aisha , Ragnarsson Oskar , Nijhoff Michiel F , Maiolino Giuseppe , Dalmazi Guido Di , Kalugina Valentina , Lacroix André , Furnica Raluca Maria , Suzuki Tomoko 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is one of the most frequent causes of secondary hypertension. Although clinical practice guidelines recommend a diagnostic process, details of the steps remain incompletely standardized.

Design
In the present SCOT-PA survey, we have investigated the diversity of approaches utilized for each diagnostic step in different expert centers through a survey using Google questionnaires. A total of 33 centers from 3 continents participated.

Results
We demonstrated a prominent diversity in the conditions of blood sampling, assay methods for aldosterone and renin, and the methods and diagnostic cutoff for screening and confirmatory tests. The most standard measures were modification of antihypertensive medication and sitting posture for blood sampling, measurement of plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and active renin concentration by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay, a combination of aldosterone-to-renin ratio with PAC as an index for screening, and saline infusion test in a seated position for confirmatory testing. The cutoff values for screening and confirmatory testing showed significant variation among centers.

Conclusions
Diversity of the diagnostic steps may lead to an inconsistent diagnosis of PA among centers and limit comparison of evidence for PA between different centers. We expect the impact of this diversity to be most prominent in patients with mild PA. The survey raises 2 issues: the need for standardization of the diagnostic process and revisiting the concept of mild PA. Further standardization of the diagnostic process/criteria will improve the quality of evidence and management of patients with PA.
Filling the gap in distribution ranges and conservation status in Ctenomys (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae)
Authors: Caraballo Diego A , López Sabrina Laura , Botero-Cañola Sebastián , Gardner Scott Lyell 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
South American subterranean rodents of the genus Ctenomys (Rodentia, Ctenomyidae, tuco-tuco) are one of the most diverse genera among mammals. Recently described species, new taxonomic revisions, and new distribution range delimitation made the revision of distribution areas and conservation status of these mammals mandatory. Implementing the first part of the DAMA protocol (document, assess, monitor, act), here we compile updated sets of species distribution range maps and use these and the number of collection localities to assess the conservation status of ctenomyids. We integrate potential for conservation in protected areas, and levels of habitat transformation to revise previous conservation status assessments and propose the first assessment for all Data Deficient or not evaluated species of tuco-tucos. Our results indicate that 53 (78%) of these species are threatened and that 47 (69%) have little or no overlap with protected areas, emphasizing the urgent need to conduct conservation efforts. Here, 18 of 22 species previously classified as Data Deficient resulted in them being put in an at-risk category (VU, EN, CR). In addition, nine species that have not been previously evaluated were classified as threatened, with these two groups comprising more than 47% of the known species. These results posit that the Ctenomyidae are the rodent family with the greatest number of species at risk of extinction. Finally, a total of 33 (49%) species have been reported from three or fewer localities; all considered threatened through the approach implemented in this study. These geographically restricted taxa should be given more attention in conservation programs since the richness of this genus relies on the survival of such species.