bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The waste management supply chain: A decision framework
Authors: Chintapalli Prashant , Vakharia Asoo J. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTThe alarmingly increasing trends in worldwide waste generation call for a holistic analysis of waste management supply chains. Using a comprehensive end‐to‐end (i.e., waste generation to waste disposal) decision framework, this article analyzes key decisions of a waste management firm (WMF) focused on the proportions of dry (and wet) waste to recycle (and compost). This framework is applied to assess the impact of: (i) the preprocessing of generated waste at source (i.e., the “upstream factors”) and (ii) the market prices of recycled dry and composted wet wastes (i.e., the “downstream factors”) on WMF's decisions. One key insight is that the WMF will choose to process more waste when the market prices for processed wastes are high, and/or when more waste is preprocessed at source. Improvements in presorting can be more economical and offer a long‐term sustainable solution to efficient waste management. From a policy perspective, we observe that taxing a WMF for waste disposal could dissuade the WMF from participating in waste processing especially when its marginal processing costs are high. The decision framework and the corresponding model are calibrated to different world regions using secondary data on these regions, classified by their income levels. It is observed from our data analysis that uniform “one‐size‐fits‐all” policies are dominated by region‐specific tailored policies for efficient waste management. Hence, prescriptions should be carefully formulated based on the type of waste generated and the processing/disposal options available in a region. For example, composting more wet waste at source is a better choice in low‐, low‐middle‐, and middle‐high‐income regions, whereas this is not the case in high‐income regions. The proposed decision framework also provides an explanation of the negative impact on recycling initiatives at a local level stemming from decreasing recycled material prices. Given that this is the first study to characterize and analyze the waste management supply chain, the article also highlights some areas for future research.
A delay‐differential model for representing small pelagic fish stock dynamics and its application for assessing alternative management strategies under environmental uncertainty
Authors: Licandeo Roberto , de la Puente Santiago , Christensen Villy , Hilborn Ray , Walters Carl 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present a novel adaptation of the classic discrete delay‐difference model, a continuous delay‐differential model (cDDM), which can adequately represent population dynamics of stocks that turn over rapidly and continuously over time (e.g., small pelagic fish, small tunas, and shrimps). We used the Northern‐Central Peruvian anchoveta stock (Engraulis ringens, Engraulidae) as a case study for implementing the cDDM and conducted a management strategy evaluation (MSE) through stochastic optimization in policy space (SOPS). Our results showed that cDDM integrated with SOPS efficiently searches optimum and near‐optimum harvest control rules (HCR) and is an alternative to pre‐setting arbitrary HCRs as in traditional MSE. The cDDM showed comparable stock biomass and recruitment estimate reconstructions to more complex stock assessment models described for anchoveta. We concluded that the anchoveta stock is sustainably managed and is an example of adaptive fisheries management under high ocean‐climate variability and uncertainty. Contrary to fishery textbooks, the anchoveta's collapse was not entirely due to the 1972 El Niño (EN) but a recruitment failure preceding EN. Our reconstructions revealed that low recruitment (or recruitment failure) could still occur at high stock biomass. Anchoveta's stock biomass is larger than pre‐collapse, likely due to favourable environmental conditions (a cooling trend) and management, despite more frequent and stronger EN events. SOPS quickly revealed that harvest strategies with large base biomass (>5 mmt) lead to higher interannual stock variability and would not produce substantial increases in long‐term yield. Alternative HCRs with lower base biomass, while adjusting for productivity regimes, have similar long‐term yields without affecting the long‐term average stock.
Drug survival of methotrexate and predictor factors for discontinuation in psoriasis
Authors: Caldarola Giacomo , De Luca Eleonora , Mariani Marco , Chiricozzi Andrea , Peris Ketty , De Simone Clara 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundMethotrexate (MTX) is a systemic therapy largely used for moderate‐severe psoriasis. There is a lack of data on its use in daily practice and particularly on its long‐term effectiveness and survival in psoriasis.MethodsWe performed a single‐centered, retrospective, observational study to evaluate the drug survival of MTX in patients with psoriasis, treated in monotherapy with MTX between March 2015 and March 2022. Clinical and demographic characteristics were extracted from files of the patients. The drug survival was analyzed using Kaplan‐Meier survival curves, considering separately overall discontinuation, discontinuation due to MTX ineffectiveness, and discontinuation due to adverse events. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were carried out including clinically meaningful variables.ResultsA total of 199 patients were included; 148 (74.4%) suspended MTX during the observation period. The reasons for discontinuation were adverse events (39.2%), ineffectiveness (38.5%), remission of psoriasis (12.2%), and other reasons (10.1%). Average duration of therapy was 10.1 months. Patients who remained on therapy after 1, 2, and 5 years of treatment were respectively 46.9, 35.6, and 29.3%. Positive predictive factors for therapy continuation were increasing age and the use of >15 mg of MTX for a period >3 months; the only negative predictive factor was the clinical variant of palmoplantar pustular.ConclusionsMTX is a valuable, cost‐effective option for long‐term treatment of psoriasis although drug survival is not comparable with that of biological treatments. Studies are needed to better understand the best dosing regimen to use, with the aim of achieving the best clinical outcomes and the lowest rate of side effects with this drug.
Assessment of different debittering techniques to valorize orange peel
Authors: Deba‐Rementeria Shuyana , Estrada Olaia , Goñi‐de‐Cerio Felipe , Vázquez‐Araújo Laura 
Published: March 2023

SummaryDifferent strategies to reduce bitterness of orange peels were assessed in the present research: (a) blanching in 2% NaCl‐water (SALT), (b) blanching in 1% Na2CO3‐water (ALK), (c) blanching in water and fermentation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (FR), and (d) blanching in water and sugar coating (SUC). Samples were freeze‐dried and characterised: total flavonoid and polyphenol contents, volatile composition, and instrumental texture were analysed. A consumer panel assessed samples' acceptance, bitterness perception, and further applications of the developed ingredients. Results showed significant differences in total flavonoid and polyphenol contents, being the SALT and SUC the samples the ones with the highest polyphenol, and the ALK and SUC samples the ones with highest flavonoid content. Bitterness perception seemed to be related to Total Phenolic Content, although influenced by other properties of the samples (e.g., volatile composition). Volatile composition was slightly different among samples but seemed to have an impact on flavour perception. Texture analyses results showed that SALT was the hardest and ALK sample the softest one. SUC and FR samples were the most liked ones, although were perceived as moderately bitter. Further research is needed to better understand bitter perception of processed orange peels to develop highly accepted products.
The mountain stream of infant development
Authors: Tamis‐LeMonda Catherine S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDevelopment is complex. It encompasses interacting domains, at multiple levels, across nested time scales. Embracing the complexity of development—while addressing the challenges inherent to studying infants—requires researchers to make tough decisions about what to study, why, how, where, and when. My own view is inspired by a developmental systems approach, and echoed in Esther Thelen's (2005) mountain stream metaphor. Like a river that carves its course, the active infant navigates the social and physical environment and generates rich inputs that propel learning and development. Drawing from my experiences, I offer some recommendations to guide research on infants. I encourage researchers to embrace discovery science; to observe infants in ecologically valid settings; to recognize the active and adaptive nature of infant behavior; to break down silos and consider the nonobvious; and to adopt full transparency in all aspects of research. I draw on cascading influences in infant play, language, and motor domains to illustrate the value of a bottom‐up, cross‐domain, collaborative approach.
RETRACTED: Prevalence of pressure ulcer and related factors in orthopaedic wards: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Asadi Kamran , Fouladpour Amin , Ghorbani Vajargah Pooyan , Mollaei Amirabbas , Firooz Mahbobeh , Hosseini Seyed Javad , Zaboli Mahdiabadi Morteza , Samidoust Pirouz , Takasi Poorya , Karkhah Samad , Salari Amir , Aris Arash 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to provide an overview of the prevalence of pressure ulcers (PU) in orthopaedic wards. A comprehensive, systematic search was conducted in different international electronic databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Persian electronic databases such as Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database (SID) using keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as “Prevalence”, “Pressure ulcer”, “Pressure sore”, and “Orthopaedics” from the earliest to February 1, 2023. The appraisal tool for cross‐sectional studies (AXIS tool) evaluates the quality of the included studies. Finally, 11 studies were included in the final analysis. The results indicated that the prevalence of PU in orthopaedic departments was 18% (ES: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.10–0.26, Z = 4.53, I2: 99.09%). Although the odds ratio of PU was lower in men than women, it was not statistically significant (OR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.74–1.11, Z = 0.95, I2: 17.4%, P = .34). Also, results showed the prevalence of PU was higher among studies with a sample size of more than 200 (ES: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.10–0.28, Z = 4.07, I2: 99.1%), Europe region (ES: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.14–0.26, Z = 6.7, I2: 93.0%) and prospective design (ES: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.18–0.27, Z = 9.47, I2: 83.3%) when compared with other sub‐groups. In sum, considering the 18% prevalence of PU in the orthopaedic department, it is recommended to focus on detecting risk factors and design interventions to reduce PU in the patients admitted orthopaedic department.
Phase evolution and strong temperature‐dependent electrostrictive effect in (1−x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐xPbTiO3 solid solutions
Authors: Huang Yunyao , Zhang Leiyang , Jing Ruiyi , Shi Wenjing , Alikin Denis , Shur Vladimir , Wei Xiaoyong , Jin Li 
Published: March 2023

Abstract(1−x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)‐xPbTiO3 (PMN‐xPT) ceramics with x ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 were synthesized by solid‐state reaction method. X‐ray diffraction, dielectric and ferroelectric property characterizations were systematically investigated. As x rises, the PMN‐xPT transitions from a cubic to a rhombohedral phase, resulting in an enhancement in ferroelectricity. Our findings show that the electrostrain and longitudinal electrostrictive coefficient Q33 both increase and then decrease within a critical region located between the depolarization temperature TFR and Tm (corresponding to the maximum permittivity), demonstrating strong temperature‐dependent characteristics. In x = 0.2, the maximum Q33 of 0.0361 m4/C2 is obtained, and a phase diagram of studied system is built. Our findings not only shed light on the phase evolution in this system but also reveal a strong temperature‐dependent electrostrictive effect that can be used to improve electrostrains in PMN‐based solid solutions if the critical region can be regulated to a suitable temperature region using engineering strategies.
Fabrication and mechanical properties of metakaolin‐based geopolymer composites reinforced with auxetic fabrics
Authors: Constâncio Trindade Ana Carolina , Sankar Kaushik , de Andrade Silva Flávio , Kriven Waltraud M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis work presents a novel experimental study on the use of auxetic fabrics as the main reinforcement in geopolymer composites, aiming at higher energy dissipation in impact demanding applications. For this, a potassium‐based geopolymer was reinforced with an auxetic fabric consisting of basalt fiber fillings positioned between helical auxetic yarns (HAY) made of a thermoplastic polyester core, and a stiffer liquid‐crystal polymer wrap, which dispersed the load demands into several single elements having different capabilities. The composites were investigated under quasi‐static flexural and tensile loadings, in both longitudinal and transverse directions. The latter showed increased mechanical strengths, up to 26 MPa in tension, and 12.8 MPa in flexural strength. Each fiber portion was tested in tension separately, reaching flexible (core) and stiffer (wrap and basalt) responses, whereas HAYs displayed combined performances due to a suitable auxeticity effect, that is, a negative Poisson's ratio. The pullout investigation justified the cracking and delamination of the composites, due to its cyclic lateral area modification, which created a load demand much higher than what the brittle geopolymer can sustain in this type of solicitation. Thermogravimetric analyses helped to predict the use of such configurations under thermal exposure, pointing out that the geopolymer material could be a suitable thermal barrier to prevent sudden degradation of the fabric under these conditions.
Enhanced optical transmittance and energy‐storage performance in NaNbO3‐modified Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 ceramics
Authors: Luo Weixian , Wu Meixia , Han Yifeng , Zhou Xiang , Liu Laijun , He Qiuwei , Ren Pengrong , Yang Haiming , Yang Hui , Wang Qiao , Chen Zihao , Liang Xihui , Chen Zhifeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDielectric ceramics with both excellent energy storage and optical transmittance have attracted much attention in recent years. However, the transparent Pb‐free energy‐storage ceramics were rare reported. In this work, we prepared transparent relaxor ferroelectric ceramics (1 − x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–xNaNbO3 (BNT–xNN) by conventional solid‐state reaction method. We find the NN‐doping can enhance the polarization and breakdown strength of BNT by suppressing the grain growth and restrained the reduction of Ti4+ to Ti3+. As a result, a high recoverable energy‐storage density of 5.14 J/cm3 and its energy efficiency of 79.65% are achieved in BNT–0.5NN ceramic at 286 kV/cm. Furthermore, NN‐doping can promote the densification to improve the optical transmittance of BNT, rising from ∼26% (x = 0.2) to ∼32% (x = 0.5) in the visible light region. These characteristics demonstrate the potential application of BNT–xNN as transparent energy‐storage dielectric ceramics.
Climatic conditions affect shoot flammability by influencing flammability‐related functional traits in nonfire‐prone habitats
Authors: Cui Xinglei , Dai Dachuan , Huang Congde , Wang Bilei , Li Shuting , You Chengming , Paterson Adrian M. , Perry George L. W. , Buckley Hannah L. , Cubino Josep Padullés , Wyse Sarah V. , Alam Md Azharul , Zhou Shixing , Xiao Lin , Cao Dongyu , Xu Zhenfeng , Curran Timothy J. 
Published: March 2023

Summary
Plant flammability is an important driver of wildfires, and flammability itself is determined by several plant functional traits. While many plant traits are influenced by climatic conditions, the interaction between climatic conditions and plant flammability has rarely been investigated.
Here, we explored the relationships among climatic conditions, shoot‐level flammability components, and flammability‐related functional traits for 186 plant species from fire‐prone and nonfire‐prone habitats.
For species originating from nonfire‐prone habitats, those from warmer areas tended to have lower shoot moisture content and larger leaves, and had higher shoot flammability with higher ignitibility, combustibility, and sustainability. Plants in wetter areas tended to have lower shoot flammability with lower combustibility and sustainability due to higher shoot moisture contents. In fire‐prone habitats, shoot flammability was not significantly related to any climatic factor.
Our study suggests that for species originating in nonfire‐prone habitats, climatic conditions have influenced plant flammability by shifting flammability‐related functional traits, including leaf size and shoot moisture content. Climate does not predict shoot flammability in species from fire‐prone habitats; here, fire regimes may have an important role in shaping plant flammability. Understanding these nuances in the determinants of plant flammability is important in an increasingly fire‐prone world.
Data‐driven predictive modeling in risk assessment: Challenges and directions for proper uncertainty representation
Authors: Stødle Kaia , Flage Roger , Guikema Seth D. , Aven Terje 
Published: March 2023

AbstractData‐driven predictive modeling is increasingly being used in risk assessments. While such modeling may provide improved consequence predictions and probability estimates, it also comes with challenges. One is that the modeling and its output does not measure and represent uncertainty due to lack of knowledge, that is, “epistemic uncertainty.” In this article, we demonstrate this point by conceptually linking the main elements and output of data‐driven predictive models with the main elements of a general risk description, thereby placing data‐driven predictive modeling on a risk science foundation. This allows for an evaluation of such modeling with reference to risk science recommendations for what constitutes a complete risk description. The evaluation leads us to conclude that, as a minimum, to cover all elements of a complete risk description a risk assessment using data‐driven predictive modeling needs to be supported by assessments of the uncertainty and risk related to the assumptions underlying the modeling. In response to this need, we discuss an approach for assessing assumptions in data‐driven predictive modeling.
Proteome‐wide lysine acetylation profiling to investigate the involvement of histone deacetylase HDA5 in the salt stress response of Arabidopsis leaves
Authors: Tilak Priyadarshini , Kotnik Florian , Née Guillaume , Seidel Julian , Sindlinger Julia , Heinkow Paulina , Eirich Jürgen , Schwarzer Dirk , Finkemeier Iris 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYPost‐translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins play important roles in the acclimation of plants to environmental stress. Lysine acetylation is a dynamic and reversible PTM, which can be removed by histone deacetylases. Here we investigated the role of lysine acetylation in the response of Arabidopsis leaves to 1 week of salt stress. A quantitative mass spectrometry analysis revealed an increase in lysine acetylation of several proteins from cytosol and plastids, which was accompanied by altered histone deacetylase activities in the salt‐treated leaves. While activities of HDA14 and HDA15 were decreased upon salt stress, HDA5 showed a mild and HDA19 a strong increase in activity. Since HDA5 is a cytosolic‐nuclear enzyme from the class II histone deacetylase family with yet unknown protein substrates, we performed a lysine acetylome analysis on hda5 mutants and characterized its substrate proteins. Next to histone H2B, the salt stress‐responsive transcription factor GT2L and the dehydration‐related protein ERD7 were identified as HDA5 substrates. In addition, in protein–protein interaction studies, HDA18 was discovered, among other interacting proteins, to work in a complex together with HDA5. Altogether, this study revealed the substrate proteins of HDA5 and identified new lysine acetylation sites which are hyperacetylated upon salt stress. The identification of specific histone deacetylase substrate proteins, apart from histones, will be important to unravel the acclimation response of Arabidopsis to salt stress and their role in plant physiology.
Tableau formulas for skew Schubert polynomials
Authors: Tamvakis Harry 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe skew Schubert polynomials are those that are indexed by skew elements of the Weyl group, in the sense of Tamvakis [J. reine angew. Math. 652 (2011), 207–244]. We obtain tableau formulas for the double versions of these polynomials in all four classical Lie types, where the tableaux used are fillings of the associated skew Young diagram. These are the first such theorems for symplectic and orthogonal Schubert polynomials, even in the single case. We also deduce tableau formulas for double Schur, double theta, and double eta polynomials, in their specializations as double Grassmannian Schubert polynomials. The latter results generalize the tableau formulas for symmetric (and single) Schubert polynomials due to Littlewood (in type A) and the author (in types B, C, and D).
Protocol for the Psychosis Immune Mechanism Stratified Medicine (PIMS) trial: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of single-dose tocilizumab in patients with psychosis
Authors: Foley Éimear M , Griffiths Sian Lowri , Murray Alexander , Rogers Jack , Corsi-Zuelli Fabiana , Hickinbotham Hannah , Warwick Ella , Wilson Martin , Kaser Muzaffer , Murray Graham K , Deakin Bill , Jadon Deepak , Suckling John , Barnes Nicholas M , Upthegrove Rachel , Khandaker Golam M 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionEvidence suggests a potentially causal role of interleukin 6 (IL-6), a pleiotropic cytokine that generally promotes inflammation, in the pathogenesis of psychosis. However, no interventional studies in patients with psychosis, stratified using inflammatory markers, have been conducted to assess the therapeutic potential of targeting IL-6 in psychosis and to elucidate potential mechanism of effect. Tocilizumab is a humanised monoclonal antibody targeting the IL-6 receptor to inhibit IL-6 signalling, licensed in the UK for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The primary objective of this study is to test whether IL-6 contributes to the pathogenesis of first episode psychosis and to examine potential mechanisms by which IL-6 affects psychotic symptoms. A secondary objective is to examine characteristics of inflammation-associated psychosis.Methods and analysisA proof-of-concept study employing a randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled design testing the effect of IL-6 inhibition on anhedonia in patients with psychosis. Approximately 60 participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders (ICD-10 codes F20, F22, F25, F28, F29) with evidence of low-grade inflammation (IL-6≥0.7 pg/mL) will receive either one intravenous infusion of tocilizumab (4.0 mg/kg; max 800 mg) or normal saline. Psychiatric measures and blood samples will be collected at baseline, 7, 14 and 28 days post infusion. Cognitive and neuroimaging data will be collected at baseline and 14 days post infusion. In addition, approximately 30 patients with psychosis without evidence of inflammation (IL-6<0.7 pg/mL) and 30 matched healthy controls will be recruited to complete identical baseline assessments to allow for comparison of the characteristic features of inflammation-associated psychosis.Ethics and disseminationThe study is sponsored by the University of Bristol and has been approved by the Cambridge East Research Ethics Committee (reference: 22/EE/0010; IRAS project ID: 301682). Study findings will be published in peer-review journals. Findings will also be disseminated by scientific presentation and other means.Trial registration numberISRCTN23256704.