bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of screen use with cognitive development in early childhood: the ELFE birth cohort
Authors: Yang Shuai , Saïd Mélèa , Peyre Hugo , Ramus Franck , Taine Marion , Law Evelyn C. , Dufourg Marie‐Noëlle , Heude Barbara , Charles Marie‐Aline , Bernard Jonathan Y. 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThe associations of screen use with children's cognition are not well evidenced and recent, large, longitudinal studies are needed. We aimed to assess the associations between screen use and cognitive development in the French nationwide birth cohort.MethodsTime and context of screen use were reported by parents at ages 2, 3.5 and 5.5. Vocabulary, non‐verbal reasoning and general cognitive development were assessed with the MacArthur‐Bates Communicative Development Inventory (MB) at age 2, the Picture Similarities subtest from the British Ability Scales (PS) at age 3.5 and the Child Development Inventory (CDI) at ages 3.5 and 5.5. Outcome variables were age‐adjusted and standardized (mean = 100, SD = 15). Multiple imputations were performed among children (N = 13,763) with ≥1 screen use information and ≥1 cognitive measures. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between screen use and cognitive development were assessed by linear regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and birth factors related to the family and children, and children's lifestyle factors competing with screen use. Baseline cognitive scores were further considered in longitudinal analysis.ResultsTV‐on during family meals at age 2, not screen time, was associated with lower MB scores at age 2 (β [95% CI] = −1.67 [−2.21, −1.13]) and CDI scores at age 3.5 (−0.82 [−1.31, −0.33]). In cross‐sectional analysis, screen time was negatively associated with CDI scores at ages 3.5 (−0.67 [−0.94, −0.40]) and 5.5 (−0.47 [−0.77, −0.16]), and, in contrast, was positively associated with PS scores (0.39 [0.07, 0.71]) at age 3.5. Screen time at age 3.5 years was not associated with CDI scores at age 5.5 years.ConclusionsOur study found weak associations of screen use with cognition after controlling for sociodemographic and children's birth factors and lifestyle confounders, and suggests that the context of screen use matters, not solely screen time, in children's cognitive development.
Characterization of Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli bacteriophages isolated from agricultural environments and examination of their prevalence with bacterial hosts
Authors: Quintela Irwin A. , Valentine Don C. , Hwang Anya , Vasse Tyler , Ho Kan‐Ju , Wu Vivian C. H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the natural environment, ruminant livestock, including cattle, are the main reservoir of the outbreak–causing strains of Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC), where bacteriophages sustainably thrive as well. This study focuses on the characterization of STEC‐specific bacteriophages isolated from cow manure samples in Maine farms and examines their prevalence with STEC hosts. Phenotypic features of representative isolates were characterized by using a transmission electron microscope. Similarly, host range, one‐step growth curve, thermal stability, lytic capability, and genomic analyses were performed to fully characterize selected representative isolates. Results showed that representative bacteriophage isolates belong to Myoviridae (S6P10 and S14P12) and Siphoviridae (S19). The most prevalent and common bacteriophages (46%) were specific to the O26 serogroup. The farm C sampling site had highly heterogenous bacteriophage populations that were specific to six STEC serogroups. The most prevalent bacteriophage isolate (S1P5, Escherichia phage vB_EcoM‐S1P5QW) was verified to have a double‐stranded DNA genome (166,102 bp) with 266 CDs of which 130 have known functions. The majority of the diverse bacteriophage isolates had strong lytic capabilities and a narrow host range that could withstand selected temperature conditions (−20, 37, and 62°C). Results of bacterial screening showed that STEC host strains were not detected in Farms A, C, and E, but were detected on Farms B and D. In conclusion, the highly‐diverse bacteriophage ecology found in cow manure samples may have been an important element in shaping the population of STEC serogroups, specifically in its natural environment, which can provide useful tools for potential antibiotic‐free therapeutics and diagnostic technologies.
Bruxism and oro‐facial pain not related to temporomandibular disorder conditions: Comorbidities or risk factors?
Authors: Moreno‐Hay Isabel , Bender Steven D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionBruxism has historically been of particular interest to the field of dentistry, primarily due to the inferred damage it may cause to the dentition and supporting periodontal structures. The definition of bruxism itself has undergone multiple changes over time. In addition, the effects of bruxism as it relates to oro‐facial pain conditions has remained a debatable topic.PurposeTo review the available literature relating to bruxism and non‐temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain conditions.MethodsA literature search was conducted with the assistance of an expert librarian. The following databases were reviewed: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google Scholar. For additional references, articles were also retrieved by hand search from the selected papers. Any articles that were not published in English, or the focus were related to temporomandibular disorders were excluded.ConclusionsWhile bruxism and certain headache conditions do tend to occur together frequently, evidence relating to any clear common pathophysiological mechanism has yet to be fully elucidated. Robust evidence as it relates to the relationship between bruxism and other non‐TMD oro‐facial pains is also lacking.
Urban–rural differences in cancer mortality: Operationalizing rurality
Authors: Davis Elizabeth S. , Franks Jeffrey A. , Bhatia Smita , Kenzik Kelly M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess urban–rural differences in cancer mortality across definitions of rurality as (1) established binary cut‐points, (2) data‐driven binary cut‐points, and (3) continuous.MethodsWe used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data between 2000 and 2016 to identify incident adult screening‐related cancers. Analyses were based on one testing and four validation cohorts (all n = 26,587). Urban–rural status was defined by Rural–Urban Continuum Codes, National Center for Health Statistics codes, and the Index of Relative Rurality. Each was modeled using established binary cut‐points, data‐driven cut‐points, and as continuous. The primary outcome was 5‐year cancer‐specific mortality.ResultsCompared to established cut‐points, data‐driven cut‐points classified more patients as rural, resulted in larger White populations in rural areas, and yielded 7%–14% lower estimates of urban–rural differences in cancer mortality. Further, hazard of cancer mortality increased 4%–67% with continuous rurality measures, revealing important between‐unit differences.ConclusionsDifferent cut‐points introduce variation in urban–rural differences in mortality across definitions, whereas using urban–rural measures as continuous allows rurality to be conceptualized as a continuum, rather than a simple aggregation.Policy ImplicationsFindings provide alternative cut‐points for multiple measures of rurality and support the consideration of utilizing continuous measures of rurality in order to guide future research and policymakers.
Does Leaving Faith Mean Leaving Family? Longitudinal Associations Between Religious Identification and Parent‐Child Relationships Across Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Hendricks Justin J. , Hardy Sam A. , Taylor Emily M. , Dollahite David C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe present study investigated the parent‐child relational repercussions of converting to religion, switching, or deconverting from religion. Qualitative research indicates that these religious changes may negatively affect parent‐child relationship quality, however, few quantitative studies investigate this issue. Subsequently, we utilized structural equation modeling to test if changes in religious identification during adolescence and emerging adulthood predicted worse parent‐child relationship quality using three waves of the National Study of Youth and Religion (N = 2,352). We found that deconversion between Waves 1–2 significantly predicted poorer parent‐child relationship quality at Wave 2 and father‐child relationship quality at Wave 3. Further, deconversion between Waves 2–3 significantly predicted poorer mother‐child relationship quality at Wave 3. Autoregressive cross‐lagged models indicated an association between deconverson and father‐child relationship quality. Deconversion had a significant indirect effect on parent‐child relationship quality through decreased parental warmth and mother‐child religious belief similarity. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Public procurement and reputation. An agent‐based model
Authors: Fiorino Nadia , Galli Emma , Rizzo Ilde , Valente Marco 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper uses an agent‐based computational model to investigate whether and how considering the firm's reputation in the public procurement selection process affects the expected final contract cost. We take account of different sets of simulations and a range of model parameters (such as firm skills, level of opportunistic rebate, relative weights of reputation and rebate) and propose a reputation index based on the cost overruns recorded by winning firms at the conclusion of their contracts. We show that this index allows the awarding authority to (i) select the most efficient and the least opportunistic firms, and (ii) to exclude firms that engage in frequent opportunistic behavior whose reputation has declined. Our results suggest that reputation matters, and we derive some implications for policy.
A bioinformatic workflow for in silico secretome prediction with the lignocellulose degrading ascomycete fungus Parascedosporium putredinis NO1
Authors: Scott Conor J. R. , Leadbeater Daniel R. , Bruce Neil C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe increasing availability of microbial genome sequences provides a reservoir of information for the identification of new microbial enzymes. Genes encoding proteins engaged in extracellular processes are of particular interest as these mediate the interactions microbes have with their environments. However, proteomic analysis of secretomes is challenging and often captures intracellular proteins released through cell death and lysis. Secretome prediction workflows from sequence data are commonly used to filter proteins identified through proteomics but are often simplified to a single step and are not evaluated bioinformatically for their effectiveness. Here, a workflow to predict a fungal secretome was designed and applied to the coding regions of the Parascedosporium putredinis NO1 genome. This ascomycete fungus is an exceptional lignocellulose degrader from which a new lignin‐degrading enzyme has previously been identified. The ‘secretome isolation’ workflow is based on two strategies of localisation prediction and secretion prediction each utilising multiple available tools. The workflow produced three final secretomes with increasing levels of stringency. All three secretomes showed increases in functional annotations for extracellular processes and reductions in annotations for intracellular processes. Multiple sequences isolated as part of the secretome lacked any functional annotation and made exciting candidates for novel enzyme discovery.
Reconstruction of Composite Soft Tissue Defect in the Distal Finger Using Partial Toenail Flap Transfer
Authors: Cai Leyi , Zhang Xian , Zhang Yingying , Xiang Guangheng , Luo Peng , Li Zhijie , Zhou Feiya 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveComposite tissue loss involving the distal finger pulp and the nail is a common but challenging finger injury to restore. This study introduces a reconstruction procedure for a distal finger pulp and nail defect using a partial toenail flap transfer.MethodsTwenty digits, including 16 thumbs, two index fingers, and two middle fingers, with composite soft tissue defects were treated with a partial toenail flap transfer from October 2015 to January 2020. Shortening revision of the great toe phalanx, a V‐Y advancement flap of the toe pulp, and a local pedicle flap from a second toe transfer were used to cover the donor sites, and no skin grafts were required. Functionality was evaluated using the validated Spanish version of the Quick‐DASH scale. The aesthetics of both the reconstructed and donor sites were evaluated using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS). The static two‐point discrimination (2‐PD) of the finger pulp was used as a measure of tactile agnosia.ResultsAll donor site wounds healed well. The average follow‐up time was 23.6 months (6–39 months). The mean Quick‐DASH functional score was 7.1. The VSS scores were 4.02 ± 0.29 and 4.00 ± 0.38 for the reconstructed and donor sites, respectively. The static 2‐PD of finger pulp was 4.5 ± 0.76 mm. The patients were satisfied with finger motion, sensory function, and aesthetic contour.ConclusionsPartial toenail flap transfer is the recommended treatment to regain motion, sensation, function, and a satisfactory aesthetic appearance when considering repairing a composite soft tissue distal finger defect with accompanying loss of the perionychium, particularly in the thumb, index finger, or middle finger.
Acculturative stress while online dating: An exploration of the experiences of second generation Indian and Pakistani immigrants in the United Kingdom
Authors: Khadhijah Zeba , Nodin Nuno 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe aim of this qualitative study was to explore the acculturative stress experienced by second generation Indian and Pakistani young adults in the United Kingdom, who use online dating services—a practice common in Western cultures but unapproved in traditional South Asian cultures. Semi‐structured in‐depth interviews were conducted with six participants who were recruited through purposive sampling. Interview transcripts were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The findings indicate that while it is exposure to Western culture that influences participants to engage in online dating, it is their native cultural values that affect most of their online dating attitudes and behaviors such as preference for ethnically congruent partners, avoidance of casual sexual encounters, and expectations of slow‐paced and long‐term relationships. These findings are discussed as strategies used by participants to integrate different cultural orientations and manage their acculturative stress, based on Berry's (2003) Acculturation Model. This study contributes toward expanding literature in the field of cultural psychology and romantic relationships, by adding to an understanding of the pressures and challenges experienced by those navigating differing and often opposing sets of social and cultural norms, in the context of modern online dating.
Sphingosine 1‐phosphate combining with S1PR4 promotes regulatory T cell differentiation related to FAO through Nrf2/PPARα
Authors: Feng Rui , Liu Chuang , Cui Zilin , Liu Zirong , Zhang Yamin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMetabolism and metabolic processes have long been considered to shape the tumour immunosuppressive microenvironment. Recent research has demonstrated that T regulatory cells (Tregs) display high rates of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and a relatively low rate of glycolysis. Sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P), which is a G protein signalling activator involved in immune regulation and FAO modulation, has been implicated in Treg differentiation. However, the precise relation between Treg differentiation and S1P remains unclear. In this study, we isolated naïve CD4+ T cells from the spleens of 6–8‐week‐old BALB/c mice using magnetic bead sorting, which was used in our study for Treg differentiation. S1P stimulation was performed during Treg differentiation. We examined the oxygen consumption and palmitic acid metabolism of the differentiated Tregs and evaluated the expression levels of various proteins, including Nrf2, CPT1A, Glut1, ACC1 and PPARα, through Western blotting. Our results demonstrate that S1P promotes Treg differentiation and enhances FAO, and that the expression of nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (Nrf2) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα) is upregulated. Furthermore, Nrf2 or PPARα knockdown dampened the Treg differentiation and FAO that were promoted by S1P, confirming that S1P can bind with S1PR4 to promote Treg differentiation through the Nrf2/PPARα signalling pathway, which may be related to FAO facilitation.
Root growth of monocotyledons and dicotyledons is limited by different tissues
Authors: Petrova Anna , Ageeva Marina , Kozlova Liudmila 
Published: August 2023

SUMMARYPlant growth and morphogenesis are determined by the mechanical properties of its cell walls. Using atomic force microscopy, we have characterized the dynamics of cell wall elasticity in different tissues in developing roots of several plant species. The elongation growth zone of roots of all species studied was distinguished by a reduced modulus of elasticity of most cell walls compared to the meristem or late elongation zone. Within the individual developmental zones of roots, there were also significant differences in the elasticity of the cell walls of the different tissues, thus identifying the tissues that limit root growth in the different species. In cereals, this is mainly the inner cortex, whereas in dicotyledons this function is performed by the outer tissues—rhizodermis and cortex. These differences result in a different behaviour of the roots of these species during longitudinal dissection. Modelling of longitudinal root dissection using measured properties confirmed the difference shown. Thus, the morphogenesis of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous roots relies on different tissues as growth limiting, which should be taken into account when analyzing the localization of associated molecular events. At the same time, no matrix polysaccharide was found whose immunolabelling in type I or type II cell walls would predict their mechanical properties. However, assessment of the degree of anisotropy of cortical microtubules showed a striking correlation with the elasticity of the corresponding cell walls in all species studied.
Violence Against the Elderly: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mustaffa Nurul Hidayawatie , Akhir Noor Shakirah Mat 
Published: August 2023

Violence against the elderly is not a new issue. Violence against the elderly exists in many forms but lack of exposure has made it difficult for the society to believe that there are elderly people who have become victims of violence. Although previous studies on violence against the elderly were not widespread, it is necessary to take proactive and immediate actions so that the welfare of this group is well taken care of. In fact, Islam encourages that the well-being of the elderly must always be preserved. This article aims to systematically review studies related to violence against the elderly, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) model. The qualitative study used the systematic review method founded by Moher et al. in 2009. Studies in the scope of violence against the elderly were identified, examined, and reviewed using the PRISMA model. This review has focused on four themes of violence against the elderly, namely the form of violence against the elderly, the factors of violence against the elderly, the effects of violence against the elderly, and the solutions in dealing with violence against the elderly. The review has also identified eleven forms of violence against the elderly, fourteen factors of violence against the elderly, two effects of violence against the elderly, and seven solutions to deal with violence against the elderly. The spiritual aspect was found to be an important element in dealing with violence against the elderly.
Three-Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling Using the RANS Approach of Indirect-Type Solar Dryers Based on Smooth and Corrugated Absorber Plates
Authors: Ennissioui J. , Benghoulam E. , El Rhafiki T. , Fertahi Saïf ed-Dîn 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Solar dryers are traditional devices used for drying various products. Different indirect solar dryer (ISD) geometries were theoretically examined using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This paper presents a numerical investigation of two indirect solar dryers using CFD simulation, comparing the velocity and thermal performance of dryers with smooth and corrugated absorber plates. The temperature values obtained by numerical simulations were compared to the experimental measurements and found a maximum variation difference of 1.26%. The maximum velocity in the solar air collector (SAC) and the value of average temperature at the SAC outlet were found to be 0.58 m/s and 336 K for the smooth absorber ISD, and 0.77 m/s and 350 K for the corrugated absorber ISD. It was observed that the corrugated absorber plate exhibited superior thermal performance and a higher maximum velocity compared to the smooth absorber plate. Within the cabinet, a uniform temperature profile was observed, particularly for the corrugated case. V-shaped absorber plates offer higher heat transfer rates, increased turbulence, and greater surface area for heat transfer, making them more efficient for drying processes compared to smooth absorber plates. Therefore, corrugated absorber plates in solar air collectors are a more efficient option than using smooth absorber plates.
Dusty Gas Flow past Bodies under Scattering of Rebounded Particles
Authors: Panfilov S. V. , Romanyuk D. A. , Tsirkunov Yu. M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Two-phase gas-particle flow over a flat plate of finite thickness in a channel at a high subsonic velocity and supersonic transverse flow past a cylinder are considered. The leading edge of the plate is wedge-shaped or represents a smooth bluntness of constant radius. The wedge surface and the front bluntness are specified both smooth and rough. The roughness is modeled by a two-dimensional profile based on an experiment. Spherical particles and a mixture of particles in the form of ellipsoids of revolution, rectangular prisms, prisms with flat-cut vertices, and tetrahedrons are considered. The parameters of each of the forms vary. The impact interaction model proposed earlier and consistent with the experimental data on the coefficients of restitution of the center-of-mass velocity is used to determine the translational and rotational velocities of non-spherical particles after rebound. Along with monosized particles, a dispersed phase with a spread of particles in size is considered. The role of the studied factors of random nature which affect the flow pattern and the dispersed phase parameters is found.