bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FOSSIL FUEL CO2 IN MEGACITY DELHI DETERMINED USING RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS IN PEEPAL (FICUS RELIGIOSA) TREE LEAVES
Authors: Sharma Rajveer , Kunchala Ravi Kumar , Ojha Sunil , Kumar Pankaj , Khandelwal Deeksha , Gargari Satinath , Chopra Sundeep 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTThe quantification of fossil-fuel derived carbon dioxide (CO2ff) emissions is critical for regional carbon budgets. Radiocarbon (14C) is an effective tool to estimate the contribution of CO2ff to the total atmospheric CO2. In the present study, we have determined the spatial distribution of fossil fuel derived CO2 across Delhi using 14C measurements in Peepal tree leaves from April 2016 to March 2017 at city scale. Our analysis results show that the Δ14C values vary between –67.78‰ to 5.61‰ and corresponding CO2ff values are varying from 1.63 ppm to 33.34 ppm. CO2ff values from campus sites vary between 6.99 ppm to 16.38 ppm with an average value of 10.22 ± 3.20 ppm, while CO2ff values vary from 2.41 ppm to 33.34 ppm with an average value of 13.32 ± 9.40 ppm for sites located in the parks. Further, we observed the higher contributions of fossil fuels in the CO2 from northwest Delhi, central Delhi, and some parts of east and southwest Delhi. In the absence of real-time CO2 monitoring, the results of this study provide a potential method for analyzing the contribution of CO2ff values over the urban landscape to total CO2 over the study region.
Mental health problems and help-seeking behaviours of Syrian refugee adolescents: mediating role of self-stigma
Authors: Özaslan Ahmet , Yildirim Murat , Guney Esra , İlhan Mustafa Necmi , Vostanis Panos 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough common mental health problems have been widely studied with self-stigma, few studies have focused on the mediating effect of self-stigma in the relationship between mental health problems and help-seeking behaviours of refugee adolescents. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine whether self-stigma mitigates the adverse effects of stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms on the help-seeking behaviours of Syrian adolescents living in Turkey.MethodsThe participants of this study included 488 Syrian refugee adolescents (boys, 63.73%; girls, 3627%) living in Turkey. Participants completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale and General Help-Seeking Scale and Self-Stigma of Seeking Psychology Help Scale.ResultsThe findings revealed that stress (β = 0.19, p < 0.01), anxiety (β = 0.12, p < 0.05), and depression (β = 0.17, p < 0.01) had significant and positive predictive effects on self-stigma, but not on help-seeking behaviours. Also, self-stigma (β = −0.12, p < 0.01) had a significant negative predictive effect on help-seeking behaviours. With regard to the indirect effects, the findings showed that self-stigma fully mediated the associations between stress – help-seeking [effect = −0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.11 to −0.01], anxiety – help-seeking (effect = −0.04, 95% CI −0.09 to −0.01)], and depression – help-seeking (effect = −0.05, 95% CI −0.12 to −0.01).ConclusionsOur findings highlight the potential negative effects of self-stigma on the help-seeking behaviours of Syrian refugee adolescents, both directly and indirectly. These results can be used to develop and implement effective and efficient interventions to address the unmet mental health needs of refugee adolescents.
The Elephant in the Archive: Knowledge Construction and Late Eighteenth-Century Global Diplomacy
Authors: Tremml-Werner Birgit 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article explores the dynamics behind global diplomacy and knowledge in Asian maritime empires in the late eighteenth century. The short-lived diplomatic exchange between the Kingdom of Mysore and the Spanish Philippines in 1776–7 provides a rich resource for an analysis of how global diplomatic agents coproduced material objects, images, and written records which in turn impacted politics and trade relations. The article makes at least four important interventions in the burgeoning field of new diplomatic history. First, it sheds light on certain aspects of growing research on Asian diplomatic encounters connecting the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia; second, it offers insights into the manifold actors involved in creating and negotiating knowledge; third, it highlights the epistemological importance of the visual and material archives for the study of global diplomacy in the early modern period; and fourth, it challenges narratives of cross-cultural foreign relations which tend to overemphasise asymmetrical and confessional explanations.
A novel pyramidal cable-driven robot for exercising and rehabilitation of writing tasks
Authors: Khadem Mohammed , Inel Fouad , Carbone Giuseppe , Slimane Tich Tich Abdelghafour 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a novel cable-driven parallel robot with the aim of rehabilitating/exercising young and disabled children in drawing and writing tasks. The pyramidal topology was identified as providing the required three active translational Degrees of Freedom with a redundant set of five cables in a compact portable shape. In addition, this robot was designed with new features, as it is inexpensive, easy to control, easy to move to any place at home or school as it is fitting a home desk or classroom table. In this paper, we present the main steps for designing the proposed cable-driven pyramidal parallel robot. Specific attention is addressed to the design of the structure and the end effector as well as to establishing proper simulation models. Several simulations are proposed by implementing both kinematic and dynamic models to demonstrate the feasibility of multiple writing/drawing tasks. A specific user interface is proposed allowing both continuous and intermittent trajectories. A sliding mode control is implemented to achieve suitable tracking accuracy on a desired path. Finally, an experimental validation is successfully carried out by considering multiple trajectories for demonstrating the engineering feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed design and simulation models.
The Ethics of Economic Espionage
Authors: Bellaby Ross W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe ethical value of intelligence lies in its crucial role in safeguarding individuals from harm by detecting, locating, and preventing threats. As part of this undertaking, intelligence can include protecting the economic well-being of the political community and its people. Intelligence, however, also entails causing people harm when it violates their vital interests through its operations. The challenge, therefore, is how to reconcile this tension, which Cécile Fabre's recent book Spying through a Glass Darkly does by arguing for the “ongoing and preemptive imposition of defensive harm.” Fabre applies this underlying argument to the specifics of economic espionage to argue that while states, businesses, and individuals do have a general right over their information that prevents others from accessing it, such protections can be forfeited or overridden when there is a potential threat to the fundamental rights of third parties. This essay argues, however, that Fabre's discussion on economic espionage overlooks important additional proportionality and discrimination concerns that need to be accounted for. In addition to the privacy violations it causes, economic espionage can cause harms to people's other vital interests, including their physical and mental well-being and autonomy. Given the complex way in which the economy interlinks with people's lives and society, harms to one economic actor will have repercussions on those secondary economic entities dependent on them, such as workers, buyers, and investors. This, in turn, can produce further harms on other economic actors, causing damages to ripple outward across society.
Financial shocks to banks, R&D investment, and recessions
Authors: Ohdoi Ryoji 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn some classes of macroeconomic models with financial frictions, an adverse financial shock successfully explains a decrease in real activity but simultaneously induces a stock price boom. The latter theoretical result is not consistent with data from actual financial crises. This study aims to provide a theoretical explanation for both prolonged recessions and stock price declines. I develop a simple macroeconomic model featuring a banking sector, financial frictions, and R&D-based endogenous growth. Both the analytical and numerical investigations show that endogenous R&D investment and a shock hindering banks’ financial intermediary function can be key to generating both a prolonged recession and a drop in firms’ stock prices.
Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure of Indian common bean accessions using microsatellite markers
Authors: Bisht Yogita , Sharma Himanshu , Jugran Arun K. , Singh Ajay Veer , Mishra Pankaj K. , Pareek Navneet 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important crop of family Fabaceae used as a potential source of proteins, fibres and minerals. Thus, characterization of existing germplasm is useful for improvement and conservation. The Indian Himalayan Region harbours plentiful varieties of common bean, but it is nearly unexplored till date. In the present study, physical and genetic diversity of common bean was examined. Fifteen newly designed chloroplast microsatellite (cpSSR) markers were used to assess genetic diversity and population structure in 119 common bean individuals from 20 diverse accessions gathered from Uttarakhand, India. Significantly, positive (p< 0.05) relationship of seed weight was found with seed length (r = 0.813), seed width (r = 0.692) and seed length- width ratio (r = 0.694) using Pearson correlation analysis. A total of 20 alleles were identified using eight cpSSR markers. Mean number of alleles per locus (Na = 1.55), effective allele number (Ne = 1.370), expected heterozygosity (He = 0.213), average polymorphic loci (10.9) and Shannon information index (I = 0.313) were estimated based on cpSSR data. Maximum genetic diversity (He) was recorded in the AKJ/KK/DP/Jhalla/23 accession and minimum in the AKJ/YB/PS/Supi/43 accession. Bayesian-based STRUCTURE evaluation using cpSSR-based information partitioned 20 accessions into two distinct clusters which were also supported by neighbor-joining cluster analysis. These cpSSR markers also demonstrated transferability among other members like Vigna radiata, Macrotyloma uniflorum, Glycine max, Vigna mungo of Fabaceae family, therefore can be used to monitor their genetic heterogeneity. The findings from the study might be valuable to identify elite common bean accessions for production, conservation and future breeding programmes.
A comparative analysis of machine learning approach for optimizing antenna design
Authors: Shakya Sarbagya Ratna , Kube Matthew , Zhou Zhaoxian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWith the increasing demand for smarter antenna design in advanced technology applications, well-designed antennas have been an important factor in enhancing system performance. Most traditional antenna design requires multiple iterations and extensive testing to produce a final product. Machine learning (ML) algorithms have been used as an alternative to predict the optimal design parameters, but the outcome depends highly on the ML model efficiency. With recent development in machine learning algorithms and the availability of data for antenna design, we investigated different machine learning algorithms for optimizing the output strength of three basic antennae by analyzing the signal strength of the antenna for various antenna parameters. Different regression-based ML models were used to learn the behaviors and efficiency of three different antennas and to predict the output strength (S11) for different ranges of frequencies. The experiment compared and analyzed these ML regression algorithms for three different antennas: shot antenna, patch antenna, and bowtie antenna. In addition, the paper also provides comparison of ensemble ML models for performance analysis using the best three ML algorithms from the preliminary study. This study optimizes antenna parameters and quicker and smarter antenna design procedure using ML algorithms as compared to traditional design methods.
Seismic Velocity Structure of Upper Mantle Beneath the Oldest Pacific Seafloor: Insights From Finite‐Frequency Tomography
Authors: Kang Hyunsun , Kim YoungHee , Hung Shu‐Huei , Lin Pei‐Ying Patty , Isse Takehi , Kawakatsu Hitoshi , Lee Sang‐Mook , Utada Hisashi , Takeuchi Nozomu , Shiobara Hajime , Sugioka Hiroko , Kim Seung‐Sep 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe oldest oceanic basin (160–180 Ma) in the western Pacific is the birthplace of the Pacific Plate and is thus essential for understanding the formation and evolution of the oceanic plate. However, the upper mantle structure beneath the region has not been thoroughly investigated because of the remoteness and difficulties of long‐term in situ seismic measurements at the ocean bottom. From 2018 to 2019, the Oldest‐1 experiment on the oldest seafloor was conducted as part of the international Pacific Array initiative. We present the first three‐dimensional P‐wave velocity structure down to a depth of 350 km based on the relative travel time residuals of teleseismic earthquakes recorded by 11 broadband ocean‐bottom seismometers operated during the Oldest‐1 experiment. Our result shows a fast P‐wave velocity anomaly (VP perturbation of 2%–4% faster than average) at a depth of 95–185 km beneath the northeast of the study area. This structure is interpreted as evidence of dry, viscous, and rigid materials at depths below the lithosphere. Two slow anomalies (VP perturbation of 2%–4% slower than average) are seen beneath the southwestern and eastern (the oldest seafloor >170 Ma) parts of the array site. The low‐velocity zones are found at depths of 95–305 km. The observed velocity structures can be indicative of plume activities that affected the upper mantle as the Pacific Plate migrated over hotspots from the southeast. Alternatively, the observed velocity features may provide seismic evidence for small‐scale sublithospheric convection.
Effect of a Magnetospheric Compression on Jovian Radio Emissions: In Situ Case Study Using Juno Data
Authors: Louis C. K. , Jackman C. M. , Hospodarsky G. , O’Kane Hackett A. , Devon‐Hurley E. , Zarka P. , Kurth W. S. , Ebert R. W. , Weigt D. M. , Fogg A. R. , Waters J. E. , McEntee S. C. , Connerney J. E. P. , Louarn P. , Levin S. , Bolton S. J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDuring its polar orbits around Jupiter, Juno often crosses the boundaries of the Jovian magnetosphere (namely the magnetopause and bow shock). From the boundary locations, the upstream solar wind dynamic pressure can be inferred, which in turn illustrates the state of compression or relaxation of the system. The aim of this study is to examine Jovian radio emissions during magnetospheric compressions, in order to determine the relationship between the solar wind and Jovian radio emissions. In this paper, we give a complete list of bow shock and magnetopause crossings (from June 2016 to August 2022), and the associated solar wind dynamic pressure and standoff distances inferred from Joy et al. (2002, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JA009146). We then select two sets of magnetopause crossings with moderate to strong compression of the magnetosphere for two case studies of the response of the Jovian radio emissions. We confirm that magnetospheric compressions lead to the activation of new radio sources. Newly activated broadband kilometric emissions are observed almost simultaneously with compression of the magnetosphere, with sources covering a large range of longitudes. Decametric emission sources are seen to be activated more than one rotation later only at specific longitudes and dusk local times. Finally, the activation of narrowband kilometric radiation is not observed until the magnetosphere is in its expansion phase.
Jupiter's Coordinate System Transformations: A Guide for Future Studies of the Jovian System
Authors: Wang Yujie , Wang Yabing , Tang Kai , Kong Dali 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Juno mission, launched in 2011, has significantly advanced our understanding of Jupiter's gravitational field, the solar wind and interplanetary conditions along its orbit, the evolution of Jupiter's high‐latitude magnetosphere and aurorae, the dynamics of plasma and electromagnetic fields in its magnetosphere, etc. As a result, new requirements for the definition and improvement of existing coordinate systems have arisen due to engineering implementation and the understanding of various scientific questions that rely on different preferred coordinate systems. In this paper, we first review the primary Jupiter's coordinate systems, including newly defined systems, such as the Jupiter Solar MAGnetosphere (JSMAG) and Jupiter Equatorial Inertial (JEIJ2000) coordinate systems, as well as a precisely defined orthogonal Jupiter Heliospheric (JH) coordinate system. We have also improved several magnetic field‐related coordinate systems and these systems support different Jupiter magnetic field models. The angular deviation of solar position‐related coordinate systems oriented by the semi‐analytical ephemerides TOP2013 is less than 70 milliarcseconds during the time span from 1800 to 2200 year. In addition, we propose a relatively simple, fast, and accurate transformation method, addressing the complexity of traditional coordinate system transformations entirely based on rotation axes and angles. This method introduces a basic coordinate system in which the unit vectors of all coordinate axes are represented. Finally, the comparison of our calculation with the published data indicates the high efficiency and accuracy of this work, which can be used as a basic tool for future Jovian system explorations from 1800 to 2200 year.
Physical Mechanisms Driving Enhanced Carbon Sequestration by the Biological Pump Under Climate Warming
Authors: Dunne J. P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs ocean Carbon Dioxide Removal techniques are being considered, it is critical that they be evaluated against our scientific understanding of the global biological carbon pump. In a recent paper Nowicki et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GB007083) provide an innovative and comprehensive breakdown of the different mechanistic pathways of carbon sequestration through the present‐day biological pump but then speculate that “These results suggest that ocean carbon storage will weaken as the oceans stratify and the subtropical gyres expand due to anthropogenic climate change.” Essentially, the authors combine their steady state result that oligotrophic subtropical gyres have lower residence times than other areas with the climate change result of these areas increasing under climate warming and extrapolate—assuming “all else is equal”—that the overall ocean will suffer a reduction in carbon sequestration efficiency. Expressing global changes in carbon sequestered by the ocean's biological pump as the summation of local changes in the sequestered carbon, timescale of return to the surface, and biogeographical area, I discuss how all three terms are tightly coupled, and summarize decades of climate change modeling consistently indicating that the global scale physical sequestration response is an increase ‐ in opposition of what one would infer from changes in subtropical area alone.
Hillslope Morphology Drives Variability of Detrital 10Be Erosion Rates in Steep Landscapes
Authors: DiBiase Roman A. , Neely Alexander B. , Whipple Kelin X. , Heimsath Arjun M. , Niemi Nathan A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe connection between topography and erosion rate is central to understanding landscape evolution and sediment hazards. However, investigation of this relationship in steep landscapes has been limited due to expectations of: (a) decoupling between erosion rate and “threshold” hillslope morphology; and (b) bias in detrital cosmogenic nuclide erosion rates due to deep‐seated landslides. Here we compile 120 new and published 10Be erosion rates from catchments in the San Gabriel Mountains, California, and show that hillslope morphology and erosion rate are coupled for slopes approaching 50° due to progressive exposure of bare bedrock with increasing erosion rate. We find no evidence for drainage area dependence in 10Be erosion rates in catchments as small as 0.09 km2, and we show that landslide deposits influence erosion rate estimates mainly by adding scatter. Our results highlight the potential and importance of sampling small catchments to better understand steep hillslope processes.
Separating Contributions to Plasma Vorticity in the High‐Latitude Ionosphere From Large‐Scale Convection and Meso‐Scale Turbulence
Authors: Chisham G. , Freeman M. P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMeasurements of ionospheric flow vorticity can be used for studying ionospheric plasma transport processes, such as convection and turbulence, over a wide range of spatial scales. Here, we analyze probability density functions (PDFs) of ionospheric vorticity for selected regions of the northern hemisphere high‐latitude ionosphere as measured by the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network over a 6‐year interval (2000–2005 inclusive). Subdividing these PDFs for opposite polarities of the By component of the prevailing interplanetary magnetic field allows the separation into two distinct components: (a) A single‐sided Weibull distribution which relates to the large‐scale convection driven by magnetic reconnection; (b) A double‐sided and symmetric q‐exponential distribution which arises from meso‐scale plasma flow related to processes such as turbulence.
Two‐Line Elements Based Thermospheric Mass Density Specification From Parameter Optimization of a Physics‐Based Model
Authors: Ren Dexin , Lei Jiuhou 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAccurately estimating the mass density of the thermosphere can assist satellite operators in planning missions and optimizing satellite orbits, reducing the risk of collisions. The newly developed GOFT (Global Observation‐based Forecast for the Thermosphere) model specifies thermospheric mass density by optimizing uncertainty parameters in a physics‐based model based on model errors. This study extends the model to specify thermospheric mass density based on Two‐Line Elements (TLEs) from numerous space objects. The resulting mass density is validated against accelerometer‐derived mass density from different satellites. The comparison results revealed that assimilating TLEs into the GOFT model significantly improved the accuracy of the thermospheric mass density. In addition, the GOFT model also improved the accuracy of the electron density in the ionosphere, indicating that the assimilation capability of GOFT allows simultaneous specification of coupled ionosphere and thermosphere in future applications.