bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sufficient Income and Sustainable Withdrawal Rates for Retirement
Authors: Clayton Ronnie , Davis Lemuel , Schmidt Bill , Scroggins Bill 
Published: February 2023

Since the passage of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), numerous companies from throughout the United States have chosen to change from providing “Defined Benefit” pension plans to providing “Defined Contribution” pension plans. Successful retirement planning is an iterative process that requires the management of many variables. Some are random and unpredictable in scope and magnitude and others are choices we make as our retirement objectives change. It’s essential that changes be incorporated expeditiously to minimize adverse outcomes. One can begin the process by estimating the annual income required to support one’s “retirement lifestyle” if retirement occurred today. Then extrapolate that income to the planned retirement date based upon the expected rate of inflation. A “modified four percent rule” can then be used to estimate the portfolio value required to support 30 or more years in retirement. The financial planner and client should go through this process at least every two years or when major events suggest a change is required. To assist the planner, this paper extends the Four Percent Rule in the following ways: Time in retirement is 16 – 40 years in 2-year increments with an asset allocation range is 0% to 100% stocks in 15 equal steps.
Forecasting Bank Capital Ratios Using the Prophet Model by Facebook
Authors: Kolari James , Sanz Ivan Pastor 
Published: February 2023

This study investigates the efficacy of the Prophet model by Facebook with respect to forecasting bank capital ratios. Bank financial ratios and macroeconomic information are combined to forecast total risk-adjusted capital ratios for 19 large U.S. banks. Using a sample period from March 2005 to December 2020, in-sample results show that the model accurately estimates bank capital ratios over time. As validation, out-of-sample tests indicate that forecasting errors are smaller for Prophet models compared to benchmark ARIMAX models. Based on these and other results, we conclude that the Prophet model does a good job of forecasting bank capital ratios. By implication, it provides a practical forecasting tool for bank regulatory supervisors, management, and investors.
Bioinformatics prediction and experimental verification of a novel microRNA for myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction in rats
Authors: Guo Qianqian , Wu Dandan , Jia Dongdong , Zhang Xinyue , Wu Aiming , Lou Lixia , Zhao Mingjing , Zhao Mengzhu , Gao Yijie , Wang Manman , Liu Menghua , Chen Meng , Zhang Dongmei 
Published: February 2023

Background
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous noncoding single-stranded small RNAs. Numerous studies have shown that miRNAs have pivotal roles in the occurrence and development of myocardial fibrosis (MF). However, miRNA expression profile in rats with MF after myocardial infarction (MI) is not well understood. The present study aimed to find the potential miRNA for MF post MI.

Methods
SPF male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat models of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were established by ligating the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery, while sham-operated rats were only threaded without ligation as a control group. Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome staining were used to detect myocardial histopathological changes for model evaluation. The differentially expressed miRNAs were detected by using the Agilent Rat miRNA gene chip in the myocardial tissue of the infarct marginal zone. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed by DAVID. The expression of miR-199a-5p was verified by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Transfected miR-199a-5p mimics into cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) to construct cell models of miR-199a-5p overexpression. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was employed to validate the target gene of miR-199a-5p. The protein expression of the target gene in CFs transfected with miR-199a-5p mimics were detected by Western blot.

Results
Myocardial fibrosis was exacerbated in the model group compared with the control group. Thirteen differentially expressed miRNAs between the two groups were screened and their expression levels in the model group were all higher than those in the control group. The expression of miR-199a-5p was significantly increased in the model group in qRT-PCR, which was consistent with the results of the gene chip. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the target genes of miR-199a-5p were enriched in the insulin signaling pathway. Furthermore, dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR-199a-5p could negatively regulate the expression of GSK-3β. After transfection, the expression of miR-199a-5p was increased in the miR-199a-5p mimics group. The protein expression of GSK-3β was decreased in CFs transfected with miR-199a-5p mimics.

Conclusion
Our study identified miR-199a-5p could promote the progression of myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction by targeting GSK-3β, which provides novel targets for diagnosis and treatment of MF.
Interleukin-6 and Ferritin as Prognosticators in SARS-CoV-2 Patients from Kashmir, North India
Authors: Farooq Iqra , Eachkoti Rafiqa , Tanvir Masood , Hussain Saleem , Farooq Sanah , Jan Ifrah , Saleem Sadaf , Majid Sabhiya 
Published: February 2023

Background: Identifying early predictive biomarkers of disease severity and disease outcome is fundamental for the practical management of Covid -19 patients. Although prognostic value of several Pro- and inflammatory markers have been determined in different population studies, however, it remained to be determined in SARS-CoV-2 patients from Kashmir.
Aim: To evaluate the predictive value of ferritin and IL-6 levels in RT- PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 patients from Kashmir.
Study Design: A Cohort Study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was done at Government Medical College, Srinagar Kashmir, North India between October 2020 to November 2021.
Method: Here, we estimated ferritin and IL-6 levels respectively by chemiluminescent method on fully automated immune analyzer and by ELISA in a cohort of 100 RT-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 patients, which were followed twice (14th and 28th day) for a period of one month.
Results: Based on estimated ferritin levels, the cohort was categorized into Mild = <500 ng/ml, Moderate = ≥500-<1500, and High = ≥1500ng/ml. Also patients were grouped as Mild = 0-<10pg/ml, Moderate = ≥10-<80pg/ml and High =≥80pg/ml based on Interleukin IL-6 levels. Correlation analysis of SARS-CoV-2 patients of varying ferritin levels with disease severity revealed a percent increase in the number of patients of stage 3 severity as ferritin levels increased from mild, to moderate and high levels. Similarly, a percent increase in the number of SARS-CoV-2 patients of increased severity was found as IL-6 levels increased from mild to moderate and high levels. Further, the ROC analysis of ferritin and IL-6 levels with disease outcome suggested both ferritin and IL-6 as early predictive markers of poor disease outcome. However, IL-6, with AUC =0.70 and sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 62%, is a better early predictive marker of poor disease outcome than ferritin with AUC=0.66 at sensitivity of 60% and specificity of 68% in SARS-CoV-2 patients from Kashmir. Further ROC analysis of patients with very high ferritin levels (>1500ng/ml) alone suggests it as an early predictive marker of patients with hyperinflammatory phenotype.
Conclusion: Estimation of ferritin and IL-6 levels as simple complementary early prognostic markers that are helpful in clinical decision-making and selecting appropriate treatment options in SARS-CoV-2 patients from Kashmir, North India.
Satisfaction of COVID-19 Patients with Health Care Facilities during Pandemic and Its Association with Knowledge, Attitude & Practice
Authors: Yadav Anuradha , Punjabi Poonam , Yadav Kavita , Sankhla Manisha , Lata Gaur Kusum 
Published: February 2023

Aims: Patient satisfaction is critical for ensuring the quality of the healthcare system, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The public's knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) concerning COVID-19 may affect patient satisfaction. Since patient satisfaction and KAP plays an important role in controlling any public health crisis, the current study was conducted.
Study Design: Community-based cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur. The survey was done between January and March 2021 for residents of the Jaipur district.
Methodology: The present study is conducted via an online survey after the approval of the ethics committee. The Google Forms questionnaire link was shared on various WhatsApp groups. The data were collected about patient’s satisfaction and KAP from those (n=68) who had been admitted to any of the hospitals in past for COVID-19. The collected data were analyzed by the student chi-square and Pearson’s correlation to find any association between different variables. A p-value <.05 was considered as significant.
Results: More than half of hospitalized patients were satisfied with doctors, particularly with the medical explanation of COVID-19, treatment plan, and hospital stay. No discernible difference was depicted in patient satisfaction scores between private (47.27) and government (48.29) hospitals. Patients' satisfaction was significantly positively correlated with good COVID-19 knowledge (r=.511) and practices (r=.385).
Conclusion: The present research found that the majority of hospitalized COVID-19 patients were satisfied with healthcare services, and knowledge and practice have positive association with patients’ hospital satisfaction levels. Therefore, we must increase the patient's understanding about the disease so that the patient is satisfied with the therapy received, which may improve the treatment compliance and doctor-patient relationship.
Prevalence of Salmonella in Sea Foods and Its Resistance to Drugs
Authors: Akintola A. A. 
Published: February 2023

Salmonella are non-spore forming, predominantly motile enterobacteria with peritrichous flagella (all around the cell body). They are intracellular pathogens causing illness. They usually invade only the gastrointestinal tract and cause Salmonellosis. Humans become infected most frequently through contaminated food or water. Sea foods are mostly associated with Salmonella infections. This study therefore was carried out to isolate Salmonella and determine the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the Salmonella isolates from sea foods associated with food-borne diseases. These sea foods were obtained from three different selected markets within Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State. A total of three (3) sea food samples were collected at random from each of the market. The samples were put through standard microbiological techniques. The result of total heterotrophic bacterial counts showed that Prawn from Mile 1 market had high count of 2.06x108 cfu/g while Crab from Creek Road market had the least count of 1.15x108 cfu/g. The result of total coliform count showed that Crab from Mile 1 market had the highest count of 2.86x106 cfu/g while Periwinkle from Creek Road market had the least count of 2.30x106 cfu/g. Also, the result of salmonella shigella count showed that Periwinkle from Mile 1 market had the least count of 0.76x105 cfu/g while Crab from Creek Road market had the highest count of 2.80x105 cfu/g. Characteristics of bacterial isolates from the sea foods showed that Proteus sp., Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas sp., Micrococcus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp. were present and identified from the samples. The result of the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the Salmonella isolates showed that all the isolates were 100% susceptible to Tarivid, Peflacine, Septrine and Ciprofloxacin while they exhibited 100% intermediate sensitivity or resistance to the other antibiotics such as Ceporex, Nalidixic acid, Ampicillin, Gentamycin, Streptomycin, and Augmentin. The result of the multidrug resistance index of 3 (100%) of the 3 Salmonella isolates had a MAR index ≥ 0.2. The presence of these organisms in sea food could pose threat of food-borne infection as well as resistance to some commonly used antibiotics. Enforcement of existing laws associated with food storage, preparation and hygiene should be done in order to prevent or reduce these food-borne diseases such as salmonellosis.
Association Between Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs and Antibiotic Use Globally
Authors: Zay Ya Kyaw , Win Phyo Thet Naing , Bielicki Julia , Lambiris Mark , Fink Günther 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceAntimicrobial resistance continues to spread rapidly at a global scale. Little evidence exists on the association of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) with the consumption of antibiotics across health care and income settings.ObjectiveTo synthesize current evidence regarding the association between antimicrobial stewardship programs and the consumption of antibiotics globally.Data SourcesPubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched from August 1, 2010, to Aug 1, 2020. Additional studies from the bibliography sections of previous systematic reviews were included.Study SelectionOriginal studies of the association of ASPs with antimicrobial consumption across health care and income settings. Animal and environmental studies were excluded.Data Extraction and SynthesisFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items in Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline, the pooled association of targeted ASPs with antimicrobial consumption was measured using multilevel random-effects models. The Effective Public Health Practice Project quality assessment tool was used to assess study quality.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome measures were proportion of patients receiving an antibiotic prescription and defined daily doses per 100 patient-days.ResultsOverall, 52 studies (with 1 794 889 participants) measured the association between ASPs and antimicrobial consumption and were included, with 40 studies conducted in high-income countries and 12 in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). ASPs were associated with a 10% (95% CI, 4%-15%) reduction in antibiotic prescriptions and a 28% reduction in antibiotic consumption (rate ratio, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.56-0.92). ASPs were also associated with a 21% (95% CI, 5%-36%) reduction in antibiotic consumption in pediatric hospitals and a 28% reduction in World Health Organization watch groups antibiotics (rate ratio, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.56-0.92).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, ASPs appeared to be effective in reducing antibiotic consumption in both hospital and nonhospital settings. Impact assessment of ASPs in resource-limited settings remains scarce; further research is needed on how to best achieve reductions in antibiotic use in LMICs.
Reclassification of the Etiology of Infant Mortality With Whole-Genome Sequencing
Authors: Owen Mallory J. , Wright Meredith S. , Batalov Sergey , Kwon Yonghyun , Ding Yan , Chau Kevin K. , Chowdhury Shimul , Sweeney Nathaly M. , Kiernan Elizabeth , Richardson Andrew , Batton Emily , Baer Rebecca J. , Bandoli Gretchen , Gleeson Joseph G. , Bainbridge Matthew , Chambers Christina D. , Kingsmore Stephen F. 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceUnderstanding the causes of infant mortality shapes public health, surveillance, and research investments. However, the association of single-locus (mendelian) genetic diseases with infant mortality is poorly understood.ObjectiveTo determine the association of genetic diseases with infant mortality.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study was conducted at a large pediatric hospital system in San Diego County (California) and included 546 infants (112 infant deaths [20.5%] and 434 infants [79.5%] with acute illness who survived; age, 0 to 1 year) who underwent diagnostic whole-genome sequencing (WGS) between January 2015 and December 2020. Data analysis was conducted between 2015 and 2022.ExposureInfants underwent WGS either premortem or postmortem with semiautomated phenotyping and diagnostic interpretation.Main Outcomes and MeasuresProportion of infant deaths associated with single-locus genetic diseases.ResultsAmong 112 infant deaths (54 girls [48.2%]; 8 [7.1%] African American or Black, 1 [0.9%] American Indian or Alaska Native, 8 [7.1%] Asian, 48 [42.9%] Hispanic, 1 [0.9%] Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, and 34 [30.4%] White infants) in San Diego County between 2015 and 2020, single-locus genetic diseases were the most common identifiable cause of infant mortality, with 47 genetic diseases identified in 46 infants (41%). Thirty-nine (83%) of these diseases had been previously reported to be associated with childhood mortality. Twenty-eight death certificates (62%) for 45 of the 46 infants did not mention a genetic etiology. Treatments that can improve outcomes were available for 14 (30%) of the genetic diseases. In 5 of 7 infants in whom genetic diseases were identified postmortem, death might have been avoided had rapid, diagnostic WGS been performed at time of symptom onset or regional intensive care unit admission.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of 112 infant deaths, the association of genetic diseases with infant mortality was higher than previously recognized. Strategies to increase neonatal diagnosis of genetic diseases and immediately implement treatment may decrease infant mortality. Additional study is required to explore the generalizability of these findings and measure reduction in infant mortality.
Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride on Caries Arrest and Prevention
Authors: Ruff Ryan Richard , Barry-Godín Tamarinda , Niederman Richard 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceDental caries is the most common global childhood disease. To control caries, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends school-based caries prevention, and the World Health Organization lists glass ionomer cement and silver diamine fluoride as essential medicines for oral disease.ObjectiveTo determine the noninferiority of silver diamine fluoride with fluoride varnish vs traditional glass ionomer sealants with fluoride varnish after 2 years when provided to children via a school-based health care program.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe CariedAway study is an ongoing single-blind, cluster randomized, noninferiority trial conducted between February 1, 2019, and June 1, 2023, among 2998 children in 47 New York City primary schools. Children aged 5 to 13 years of any race and ethnicity were recruited from block-randomized schools. Inclusion criteria for schools were a student population of at least 50% Hispanic or Latino or Latina ethnicity and/or Black race and at least 80% of students receiving free or reduced-cost lunch. Statistical analysis is reported through March 2022.InterventionsChildren received a single application of silver diamine fluoride with fluoride varnish or an active comparator of glass ionomer sealants and atraumatic restorations with fluoride varnish.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcomes were caries arrest and incidence after a 2-year follow-up, assessed using mixed-effects multilevel models and clustered 2-sample proportion tests. The noninferiority margin was 10%. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed using multiple imputation.ResultsA total of 2998 children (1566 girls [52.2%]; mean [SD] age at baseline, 6.6 [1.2] years; 1397 Hispanic or Latino or Latina children [46.6%]; 874 [29.2%] with untreated dental caries) were recruited and treated from September 16, 2019, to March 12, 2020. Follow-up observations were completed for 1398 children from June 7, 2021, to March 2, 2022. The mean (SE) proportion of children with arrested caries was 0.56 (0.04) after experimental treatment and 0.46 (0.04) after control treatment (difference, −0.11; 95% CI, −0.22 to 0.01). The mean (SE) proportion of patients without new caries was 0.81 (0.02) after experimental treatment and 0.82 (0.02) after control treatment (difference, 0.01; 95% CI, −0.04 to 0.06). Analysis of imputed data for the full sample did not deviate from per-protocol analyses. There were no adverse events.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, silver diamine fluoride with fluoride varnish was noninferior to sealants and atraumatic restorations with fluoride varnish for caries arrest and prevention. Results may support the use of silver diamine fluoride as an arresting and preventive agent in school-based oral health programs.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03442309
Cancer in Transgender and Gender-Diverse Persons
Authors: Leone Alberto Giovanni , Trapani Dario , Schabath Matthew B. , Safer Joshua D. , Scout N. F. N. , Lambertini Matteo , Berardi Rossana , Marsoni Silvia , Perrone Francesco , Cinieri Saverio , Miceli Rosalba , Morano Federica , Pietrantonio Filippo 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceTransgender and gender-diverse individuals face unique challenges, including barriers to health care access and inequities in treatment, that may influence cancer risk and outcomes.ObservationsIn this narrative review, a scoping review was conducted focusing on primary and secondary prevention and epidemiology of cancer, barriers to health care services, and health care practitioners’ knowledge about specific issues pertaining to transgender and gender-diverse individuals. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase, were reviewed for citations from their inception to December 31, 2021. This review revealed that transgender and gender-diverse people had a high prevalence of tobacco consumption and alcohol use and high rates of infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) and HIV. Transgender and gender-diverse individuals were less likely to adhere to cancer screening programs and had a higher incidence of HIV- and HPV-associated cancers. Social and economic determinants seemed to drive these disparities in risk factors and outcomes. A lack of knowledge about gender minorities’ health needs among health care practitioners was evidenced, and it represented a major hurdle to cancer prevention, care, and survivorship for transgender and gender-diverse individuals. Discrimination, discomfort caused by gender-labeled oncological services, stigma, and lack of cultural sensitivity of health care practitioners were other barriers met by transgender and gender-diverse persons in the oncology setting.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings suggest that transgender and gender-diverse peoples’ needs in the cancer care continuum are not optimally addressed. Effective solutions are needed to offer the best care to every patient in a person-centric and gender diversity–sensitive environment.