bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Probiotic Combination Ameliorates Crohn’s Disease–Like Ileitis by Increasing Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production and Modulating Essential Adaptive Immune Pathways
Authors: Di Martino Luca , Osme Abdullah , Ghannoum Mahmoud , Cominelli Fabio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDCrohn’s disease (CD) represents a significant public health challenge. We identified a combination of beneficial probiotic strains (Saccharomyces boulardii, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium breve) and amylase that may antagonize elevated bacterial pathogens in the inflamed gut. Our aim was to characterize the effect(s) of this novel probiotic supplement in SAMP1/YitFc (SAMP) mice with CD-like ileitis.METHODSThree groups of 7-week-old SAMP mice were used in this study. The first experimental group was administered 1 dose of the probiotic supplement (probiotic strains + amylase) diluted in sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (0.25 mg in 100 µL of PBS) every day for 56 days through the gavage technique, the second group had a probiotic supplement (probiotic strains without amylase), and the third group was a control group in which animals were administered sterile PBS. At the end of the treatment, mice were sacrificed and ilea were collected for histological scoring of ileitis and NanoString analysis. Stool samples were evaluated by 16S ribosomal RNA and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses.RESULTSHistology scores showed that mice treated with probiotics + amylase had a significant decrease of ileitis severity compared with the other 2 groups. 16S ribosomal RNA and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed that abundance of species belonging to genus Lachnoclostridium and Mucispirillum schaedleri were significantly increased compared with the other 2 groups, and this increase was associated with augmented production of short-chain fatty acids. NanoString data showed that 21 genes involved in B memory cell development and T cell infiltration were significantly upregulated in probiotic-treated mice and that 3 genes were significantly downregulated.CONCLUSIONSOur data provide experimental proof for a beneficial effect of the designed probiotic formulation on the severity of CD-like ileitis in the SAMP mouse model, involving both alteration of intestinal genetic pathways and microbial rearrangements. Thus, we propose that this novel probiotic mixture should be further tested as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of biofilm-associated disorders such as CD, in which it has been proven that polymicrobial imbalance plays a critical role in dysbiosis and gut inflammation.
Language Barriers in Organismal Biology: What Can Journals Do Better?
Authors: Nolde-Lopez B , Bundus J , Arenas-Castro H , Román D , Chowdhury S , Amano T , Berdejo-Espinola V , Wadgymar S M 
Published: January 2023

Synopsis
In the field of organismal biology, as in much of academia, there is a strong incentive to publish in internationally recognized, highly regarded, English-language journals to promote career advancement. This expectation has created a linguistic hegemony in scientific publishing, whereby scholars for whom English is an additional language face additional barriers to achieving the same scientific recognition as scholars who speak English as a first language. Here, we surveyed the author guidelines of 230 journals in organismal biology with impact factors of 1.5 or greater for linguistically inclusive and equitable practices and policies. We looked for efforts that reflect first steps toward reducing barriers to publication for authors globally, including the presence of statements that encouraged submissions from authors of diverse nationalities and backgrounds, policies regarding manuscript rejection based on perceived inadequacies of the English language, the existence of bias-conscious reviewer practices, whether translation and editing resources or services are available, allowance for non-English abstracts, summaries, or translations, and whether journals offer license options that would permit authors (or other scholars) to translate their work and publish it elsewhere. We also directly contacted a subset of journals to verify whether the information on their author guidelines page accurately reflects their policies and the accommodations they would make. We reveal that journals and publishers have made little progress toward beginning to recognize or reduce language barriers. Counter to our predictions, journals associated with scientific societies did not appear to have more inclusive policies compared to non-society journals. Many policies lacked transparency and clarity, which can generate uncertainty, result in avoidable manuscript rejections, and necessitate additional time and effort from both prospective authors and journal editors. We highlight examples of equitable policies and summarize actions that journals can take to begin to alleviate barriers to scientific publishing.
Vibroacoustic Response of the Tympanic Membrane to Hyoid-Borne Sound Generated during Echolocation in Bats
Authors: Snipes C C G , Carter R T 
Published: January 2023

SynopsisThe hyoid apparatus in laryngeally echolocating bats is unique as it forms a mechanical connection between the larynx and auditory bullae, which has been hypothesized to transfer the outgoing echolocation call to the middle ear during call emission. Previous finite element modeling (FEM) found that hyoid-borne sound can reach the bulla at an amplitude likely heard by echolocating bats; however, that study did not model how or if the signal could reach the inner ear (or cochlea). One route that sound could take is via stimulation of the eardrum—similarly to that of air-conducted sound. We used micro computed tomography (μCT) data to build models of the hyoid apparatus and middle ear from six species of bats with variable morphology. Using FEM, we ran harmonic response analyses to measure the vibroacoustic response of the tympanic membrane due to hyoid-borne sound generated during echolocation and found that hyoid-borne sound in all six species stimulated the eardrum within a range likely heard by bats. Although there was variation in the efficiency between models, there are no obvious morphological patterns to account for it. This suggests that hyoid morphology in laryngeal echolocators is likely driven by other associated functions.
Efficacy of zinc glycinate reducing zinc oxide on intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs challenged with F18+ Escherichia coli
Authors: Jang Ki Beom , Moita Vitor Hugo C , Martinez Nicolas , Sokale Adebayo , Kim Sung Woo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate effects of zinc glycinate (ZnGly) supplementation reducing zinc oxide (ZnO) in feeds on intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs challenged with F18+Escherichia coli (E. coli). In total, 72 nursery pigs (BW 6.5 ± 0.5 kg) were allotted in a randomized complete block design to nine treatments: (1) NC: no challenge/no supplement; (2) PC: E. coli challenge/no-supplement; (3) E. coli challenge/ZnO at 2,500 mg/kg; (4, 5, and 6) E. coli challenge/ZnGly at 400, 800, and 1,200 mg/kg; and (7, 8, and 9) E. coli challenge/ZnGly at 400 mg/kg and ZnO at 700, 1,400, and 2,357 mg/kg. Pigs were fed for 28 d based on two phases (phase 1: 14 d and phase 2: 14 d). On day 7, challenged groups were orally inoculated with F18+E. coli at 6 × 109 CFU/mL whereas NC received saline solution. The PC showed reduced ADG (P = 0.076) and G:F (P = 0.055) during phase 1 and increased fecal score (P &lt; 0.05) during the first week of postchallenge when compared with NC, whereas supplementation of ZnGly from 0 to 1,200 mg/kg linearly increased (P = 0.092) G:F and decreased (P &lt; 0.05) the fecal score of the pigs challenged with F18+E. coli. Supplementation of ZnGly from 0 to 1,200 mg/kg had quadratic effects on TNF-α (P = 0.065; minimum 1.13 pg/mg at 850 mg/kg ZnGly), IL-8 (P = 0.093; minimum 0.53 ng/mg at 494 mg/kg), and protein carbonyl (P = 0.054; minimum 2.30 pg/mg at 675 mg/kg) and linearly increased mRNA expressions of ZIP4 (P = 0.057) and ZnT5 (P = 0.075) in the jejunum of the pigs. Supplementation of ZnGly from 0 to 1,200 mg/kg linearly increased (P &lt; 0.05) the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and had quadratic effects on Cyanobacteria (minimum 0.67% at 625 mg/kg ZnO) and Proteobacteria (maximum 45.6 g/d at 735 mg/kg) at the phylum level, with linearly decreased (P &lt; 0.05) Enterobacteriaceae at the family level in the jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota of the pigs. There was no difference in growth performance during the overall period, although pigs fed with ZnO at 2,500 mg/kg had greater (P &lt; 0.05) ADG than pigs fed with ZnGly at 400 mg/kg during the first week of the post challenge period. In conclusion, ZnGly could be an alternative to the pharmaceutical use of ZnO without negatively affecting the growth of nursery pigs by enhancing intestinal Zn absorption, reducing intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress, and providing positive changes in jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota.
Variations in the 24 h temporal patterns and time budgets of grazing, rumination, and idling behaviors in grazing dairy cows in a New Zealand system
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Wasim , Draganova Ina , Henry Morel Patrick Charles , Todd Morris Stephen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the variations in the temporal distributions and the lengths of times utilized for grazing, ruminating, and idling behaviors by grazing dairy cows over 24 h. Spring-calved lactating dairy cows (N = 54) from three breeds, Holstein-Friesian (HFR), Jersey (JE), and KiwiCross (KC) in different lactations (1st, 2nd, 3rd) and with different breeding worth index values (103 &lt; BW &gt; 151) were selected. The cows were managed through a rotational grazing scheme and milked once a day at 0500 hours. The cows grazed mainly pasture and consumed additional feeds (maize silage and turnips) in the summer and autumn seasons. AfiCollar was used to record grazing and rumination behaviors (min/h) in the individual cows throughout the lactation period (~270 d). The time neither utilized for grazing nor rumination was counted as idling behavior (min/h). A repeat measure design with PROC MIXED was performed in SAS considering the effects of breed, lactation, individual cow, the hour of the day, season, day within the season, and supplementary feed within the season to evaluate the difference in grazing, rumination, and idling behaviors. Hour of the day, season, day within season, and supplementary feed had significant effects on grazing, rumination, and idling behaviors. Regardless of the season and supplementary feed, cows spent most of the daytime grazing and most of the nighttime ruminating. Grazing activity remained consistently high throughout the day with two peaks around dawn and dusk and a short peak around midnight. Rumination activity remained high from the late evening until early morning. Grazing and ruminating patterns were similar between different breeds and lactations, however, JE cows grazed slightly longer than HFR and KC, and first-lactation cows grazed slightly longer than those in higher lactations. The onset and cessation of grazing activity by the cows were adjusted according to varying day lengths by season. Cows finished grazing earlier when they consumed additional supplements or silage along with pasture. Cows from different breed groups and lactations spent most of their 24 h grazing followed by ruminating and idling. Season and supplementary feed potentially affected the variations in behavior time budgets. These findings should support improving measures for grazing management to address pasture allocation and additional feed demands, and animal welfare in varying environmental and/or managemental conditions.
The Supreme People’s Court of China ruled on the first pharmaceutical patent linkage case after the new Patent Law
Authors: Lu Hongxuyang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the first case regarding the pharmaceutical patent linkage regime in China, the Supreme People’s Court of China ruled that the validity of a patent did not affect a pharmaceutical patent linkage case. Whether the technical solution of the generic drug falls within the scope of protection of a patent should be judged based on the submitted application for marketing authorization, instead of the actual technical solution implemented.
Tight-junction strand networks and tightness of the epithelial barrier
Authors: Saito Akira C , Higashi Tomohito , Chiba Hideki 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are cell–cell junction structures critical for controlling paracellular permeability. On freeze-fracture replica electron microscopy, they appear as a continuous network of fibrils (TJ strands). TJ strands function as zippers that create a physical barrier against paracellular diffusion of molecules. The morphology of the TJ strand network varies greatly between tissues, and in recent years, studies have highlighted the mechanisms regulating the morphology of TJ strand networks and on their relevance to barrier function. In this review, we discuss evidence regarding the components of the TJ strand and the mechanisms for creating the TJ strand network. Furthermore, we discuss and hypothesize how its morphology contributes to the establishment of the epithelial barrier.
Hypo- or hyperfunction? Differential relationships between compulsive sexual behavior disorder facets and sexual health
Authors: Glica Agnieszka , Wizła Magdalena , Gola Mateusz , Lewczuk Karol 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies linking compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) and sexual health have shown mixed results, which could be due to the fact that different CSBD facets may have differential relationships with sexual functioning.AimAs CSBD is a multidimensional disorder, we wanted to investigate whether distinct CSBD domains are differentially related to sexual health.MethodsTwo online studies were conducted—the first on a convenience sample (812 Polish participants; mean [SD] age, 22.07 [5.91] years) and a replication study on a representative sample of Polish adults (n = 1526; 43.02 [14.37]). Hierarchical regression was employed with sexual functioning as a predicted variable and CSBD symptoms as predictors.OutcomesThe Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder Scale was used to assess CSBD symptoms, and the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale was used to measure sexual dysfunction.ResultsIn study 1, CSBD salience (β = −.20, P &lt; .001) predicted hyperfunction (ie, stronger sex drive, easier sexual arousal, easier vaginal lubrication/penile erection, easier ability to reach an orgasm, and more satisfying orgasms). Yet, CSBD negative consequences (β = .15, P = .001) and dissatisfaction (β = .22, P &lt; .001) predicted hypofunction (ie, weaker sex drive, more difficulties in sexual arousal, greater difficulties in vaginal lubrication/penile erection, less ability to reach an orgasm, and less satisfying orgasms). Similar results were found in study 2: salience (β = −.26, P &lt; .001) and relapse (β = −.11, P = .004) predicted hyperfunction, while negative consequences (β = .12, P &lt; .001) and dissatisfaction (β = .12, P &lt; .001) predicted hypofunction.Clinical ImplicationsOur results stress the importance of assessing the severity of each group of symptoms in patients with CSBD to better understand possible difficulties in their sexual functioning.Strengths and LimitationsOur studies are the first to evaluate the effects of each CSBD domain on sexual health. We also replicated results obtained from a convenience sample on a representative sample. The cross-sectional design of the current studies does not allow causal relations to be tested, so future longitudinal research should be carried out. We also gathered data from a general population—thus, it is important to replicate these results on patients diagnosed with CSBD.ConclusionOur research points out the differential impact of CSBD domains on sexual health: salience and relapse are related to sexual hyperfunction, while negative consequences and dissatisfaction to hypofunction.
In the midst of so much injustice, can there be a seat for energy justice at the Nigerian table?
Authors: Morocco-Clarke Ayodele 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The end of the 20th century and the start of the 21st century recorded an increase in demands for accountability and justice on a plethora of levels. Social justice was a broad theme which was followed by environmental justice and climate justice. Energy justice is a relatively new phenomenon that advocates for the equitable sharing of both the benefits and burdens of energy sources and services. Nigeria, the largest producer of oil and gas on the African continent, has for decades been beset by issues of corruption, mismanagement of resources and wealth, a lack of accountability and a lopsided discriminatory distribution of the benefits, proceeds and profits from the Nigerian oil industry. The people of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, which is the area responsible for Nigeria’s oil, feel impoverished by the exploitation of their land and left out of the profits, end products and projects which result from resources on their land. The regulation of the Nigerian energy industry is one facet of the industry that has come against heavy complaints and criticisms. The management of the country’s natural resources and the sources, generation, provision and distribution of energy (both domestic and industrial) within its geographical territory is an area that requires substantial work and overhaul. This work examines the tenets of energy justice and recommends the adoption of the restorative justice tenet as a path to improving the Nigerian energy system and correspondingly improving the environment and the lives and human rights of the people who live in the Niger Delta region.
The Gcn5-Ada2-Ada3 histone acetyltransferase module has divergent roles in pathogenesis of Candida glabrata
Authors: Lin Chi-Jan , Yang Sheng-Yung , Hsu Li-Hang , Yu Shang-Jie , Chen Ying-Lien 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Candida glabrata is an opportunistic fungal pathogen and the second most prevalent species isolated from candidiasis patients. C. glabrata has intrinsic tolerance to antifungal drugs and oxidative stresses and the ability to adhere to mucocutaneous surfaces. However, knowledge about the regulation of its virulence traits is limited. The Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA) complex modulates gene transcription by histone acetylation through the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) module comprised of Gcn5-Ada2-Ada3. Previously, we showed that the ada2 mutant was hypervirulent but displayed decreased tolerance to antifungal drugs and cell wall perturbing agents. In this study, we further characterized the functions of Ada3 and Gcn5 in C. glabrata. We found that single, double, or triple deletions of the HAT module, as expected, resulted in a decreased level of acetylation on histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and defective growth. These mutants were more susceptible to antifungal drugs, oxidative stresses, and cell wall perturbing agents compared with the wild-type. In addition, HAT module mutants exhibited enhanced agar invasion and upregulation of adhesin and proteases encoding genes, whereas the biofilm formation of those mutants was impaired. Interestingly, HAT module mutants exhibited enhanced induction of catalases (CTA1) expression upon treatment with H2O2 compared with the wild-type. Lastly, although ada3 and gcn5 exhibited marginal hypervirulence, the HAT double and triple mutants were hypervirulent in a murine model of candidiasis. In conclusion, the HAT module of the SAGA complex plays unique roles in H3K9 acetylation, drug tolerance, oxidative stress response, adherence, and virulence in C. glabrata.
Enhancing cosmic shear with the multiscale lensing probability density function
Authors: Giblin Benjamin , Cai Yan-Chuan , Harnois-Déraps Joachim 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We quantify the cosmological constraining power of the ‘lensing probability density function (PDF)’ – the one-point probability density of weak lensing convergence maps – by modelling this statistic numerically with an emulator trained on w cold dark matter cosmic shear simulations. After validating our methods on Gaussian and lognormal fields, we show that ‘multiscale’ PDFs – measured from maps with multiple levels of smoothing – offer considerable gains over two-point statistics, owing to their ability to extract non-Gaussian information: For a mock Stage-III survey, lensing PDFs yield 33 per cent tighter constraints on the clustering parameter $S_8=\sigma _8\sqrt{\Omega _{\rm m}/0.3}$ than the two-point shear correlation functions. For Stage-IV surveys, we achieve &gt;90 per cent tighter constraints on S8, but also on the Hubble and dark energy equation-of-state parameters. Interestingly, we find improvements when combining these two probes only in our Stage-III set-up; in the Stage-IV scenario the lensing PDFs contain all information from the standard two-point statistics and more. This suggests that while these two probes are currently complementary, the lower noise levels of upcoming surveys will unleash the constraining power of the PDF.
Extended primordial black hole mass functions with a spike
Authors: Magaña J , Martín M San , Sureda J , Rubio M , Araya I , Padilla N 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We introduce a modification of the Press–Schechter formalism aimed to derive general mass functions for primordial black holes (PBHs). In this case, we start from primordial power spectra (PPS) which include a monochromatic spike, typical of ultra slow-roll inflation models. We consider the PBH formation as being associated to the amplitude of the spike on top of the linear energy density fluctuations coming from a PPS with a blue index. By modelling the spike with a lognormal function, we study the properties of the resulting mass function spikes, and compare these to the underlying extended mass distributions. When the spike is at PBH masses, which are much lower than the exponential cut-off of the extended distribution, very little mass density is held by the PBHs within the spike, and it is not ideal to apply the Press–Schechter formalism in this case as the resulting characteristic overdensity is too different from the threshold for collapse. It is more appropriate to do so when the spike mass is similar to, or larger than the cut-off mass. Additionally, it can hold a similar mass density as the extended part. Such particular mass functions also contain large numbers of small PBHs, especially if stable PBH relics are considered, and they can provide ${\sim}1000\, {\rm M}_\odot$ seeds for the supermassive black holes at the centres of present-day galaxies. The constraints on the fraction of dark matter in PBHs for monochromatic mass functions are somewhat relaxed when there is an additional underlying extended distribution of masses.