bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parallel motion vision pathways in the brain of a tropical bee
Authors: Honkanen Anna , Hensgen Ronja , Kannan Kavitha , Adden Andrea , Warrant Eric , Wcislo William , Heinze Stanley 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSpatial orientation is a prerequisite for most behaviors. In insects, the underlying neural computations take place in the central complex (CX), the brain’s navigational center. In this region different streams of sensory information converge to enable context-dependent navigational decisions. Accordingly, a variety of CX input neurons deliver information about different navigation-relevant cues. In bees, direction encoding polarized light signals converge with translational optic flow signals that are suited to encode the flight speed of the animals. The continuous integration of speed and directions in the CX can be used to generate a vector memory of the bee’s current position in space in relation to its nest, i.e., perform path integration. This process depends on specific, complex features of the optic flow encoding CX input neurons, but it is unknown how this information is derived from the visual periphery. Here, we thus aimed at gaining insight into how simple motion signals are reshaped upstream of the speed encoding CX input neurons to generate their complex features. Using electrophysiology and anatomical analyses of the halictic bees Megalopta genalis and Megalopta centralis, we identified a wide range of motion-sensitive neurons connecting the optic lobes with the central brain. While most neurons formed pathways with characteristics incompatible with CX speed neurons, we showed that one group of lobula projection neurons possess some physiological and anatomical features required to generate the visual responses of CX optic-flow encoding neurons. However, as these neurons cannot explain all features of CX speed cells, local interneurons of the central brain or alternative input cells from the optic lobe are additionally required to construct inputs with sufficient complexity to deliver speed signals suited for path integration in bees.
The association between educational status and colorectal neoplasia: results from a screening cohort
Authors: Wernly Sarah , Semmler Georg , Schaffler-Schaden Dagmar , Flamm Maria , Aigner Elmar , Datz Christian , Wernly Bernhard 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Educational status is used as a proxy for socioeconomic status. While lower levels of education are generally associated with poorer health, the data on the relationship between educational status and colorectal neoplasia is heterogenous. The aim of our study was to examine this relationship and to adjust the association between educational status and colorectal neoplasia for other health parameters.

Methods
We included 5977 participants undergoing a screening colonoscopy in Austria. We split the cohort into patients with lower (n = 2156), medium (n = 2933), and higher (n = 459) educational status. Multivariable multilevel logistic regression models were fitted to evaluate the association between educational status and the occurrence of any or advanced colorectal neoplasia. We adjusted for age, sex, metabolic syndrome, family history, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking status.

Results
We found that the rates of any neoplasia (32%) were similar between the educational strata. However, patients with higher (10%) educational status evidenced significantly higher rates of advanced colorectal neoplasia compared to medium (8%) and lower (7%) education. This association remained statistically significant after multivariable adjustment. The difference was entirely driven by neoplasia in the proximal colon.

Conclusion
Our study found that higher educational status was associated with a higher prevalence of advanced colorectal neoplasia compared to medium and lower educational status. This finding remained significant even after adjusting for other health parameters. Further research is needed to understand the underlying reasons for the observed difference, especially with regard to the specific anatomical distribution of the observed difference.
Electrophysiological and calcium-handling development during long-term culture of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Seibertz Fitzwilliam , Sutanto Henry , Dülk Rebekka , Pronto Julius Ryan D. , Springer Robin , Rapedius Markus , Liutkute Aiste , Ritter Melanie , Jung Philipp , Stelzer Lea , Hüsgen Luisa M. , Klopp Marie , Rubio Tony , Fakuade Funsho E. , Mason Fleur E. , Hartmann Nico , Pabel Steffen , Streckfuss-Bömeke Katrin , Cyganek Lukas , Sossalla Samuel , Heijman Jordi , Voigt Niels 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHuman-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are increasingly used for personalised medicine and preclinical cardiotoxicity testing. Reports on hiPSC-CM commonly describe heterogenous functional readouts and underdeveloped or immature phenotypical properties. Cost-effective, fully defined monolayer culture is approaching mainstream adoption; however, the optimal age at which to utilise hiPSC-CM is unknown. In this study, we identify, track and model the dynamic developmental behaviour of key ionic currents and Ca2+-handling properties in hiPSC-CM over long-term culture (30–80 days). hiPSC-CMs > 50 days post differentiation show significantly larger ICa,L density along with an increased ICa,L-triggered Ca2+-transient. INa and IK1 densities significantly increase in late-stage cells, contributing to increased upstroke velocity and reduced action potential duration, respectively. Importantly, our in silico model of hiPSC-CM electrophysiological age dependence confirmed IK1 as the key ionic determinant of action potential shortening in older cells. We have made this model available through an open source software interface that easily allows users to simulate hiPSC-CM electrophysiology and Ca2+-handling and select the appropriate age range for their parameter of interest. This tool, together with the insights from our comprehensive experimental characterisation, could be useful in future optimisation of the culture-to-characterisation pipeline in the field of hiPSC-CM research.
Polygenetic risk scores and phenotypic constellations of obsessive–compulsive disorder in clozapine-treated schizophrenia
Authors: Morgenroth Carla Lou , Kleymann Philipp , Ripke Stephan , Awasthi Swapnil , Wagner Elias , Oviedo-Salcedo Tatiana , Okhuijsen-Pfeifer Cynthia , Luykx Jurjen J. , van der Horst Marte Z. , Hasan Alkomiet , Bermpohl Felix , Gutwinski Stefan , Schreiter Stefanie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObsessive–compulsive symptoms (OCS) are frequently observed in individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) treated with clozapine (CLZ). This study aimed to analyze prevalence of OCS and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) in this subgroup and find possible correlations with different phenotypes. Additionally, this is the first study to examine polygenetic risk scores (PRS) in individuals with SCZ and OCS. A multicenter cohort of 91 individuals with SCZ who were treated with CLZ was recruited and clinically and genetically assessed. Symptom severity was examined using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI), the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) and Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Participants were divided into subgroups based on phenotypic OCS or OCD using Y-BOCS scores. Genomic-wide data were generated, and PRS analyses were performed to evaluate the association between either phenotypic OCD or OCS severity and genotype-predicted predisposition for OCD, SCZ, cross-disorder, and CLZ/norclozapine (NorCLZ) ratio, CLZ metabolism and NorCLZ metabolism. OCS and OCD were frequent comorbidities in our sample of CLZ-treated SCZ individuals, with a prevalence of 39.6% and 27.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the Y-BOCS total score correlated positively with the duration of CLZ treatment in years (r = 0.28; p = 0.008) and the PANSS general psychopathology subscale score (r = 0.23; p = 0.028). A significant correlation was found between OCD occurrence and PRS for CLZ metabolism. We found no correlation between OCS severity and PRS for CLZ metabolism. We found no correlation for either OCD or OCS and PRS for OCD, cross-disorder, SCZ, CLZ/NorCLZ ratio or NorCLZ metabolism. Our study was able to replicate previous findings on clinical characteristics of CLZ-treated SCZ individuals. OCS is a frequent comorbidity in this cohort and is correlated with CLZ treatment duration in years and PANSS general psychopathology subscale score. We found a correlation between OCD and PRS for CLZ metabolism, which should be interpreted as incidental for now. Future research is necessary to replicate significant findings and to assess possible genetic predisposition of CLZ-treated individuals with SCZ to OCS/OCD. Limitations attributed to the small sample size or the inclusion of subjects on co-medication must be considered. If the association between OCD and PRS for CLZ metabolism can be replicated, it should be further evaluated if CYP1A2 alteration, respectively lower CLZ plasma level, is relevant for OCD development.
Distribution and pattern of hand fractures in children and adolescents
Authors: Arneitz Christoph , Bartik Claudia , Weitzer Claus-Uwe , Schmidt Barbara , Gasparella Paolo , Tschauner Sebastian , Castellani Christoph , Till Holger , Singer Georg 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHand fractures represent commonly encountered injuries in pediatric patients. However, due to modern means of mobility and product safety, the occurrence and distribution of these fractures have changed during the last decades. Therefore, it was the aim of this study to present an update of the epidemiology, pattern, and treatment of hand fractures in a large pediatric cohort. All patients aged between 0 and 17 years treated in our Department in 2019 with fractures of the phalanges, metacarpus, or carpus were included. The medical records were reviewed for age, gender, injury mechanism, fracture localization, season, and treatment. Patients were divided into three different age groups (0–5, 6–12, and 13–17 years). A total of 731 patients with 761 hand fractures were treated during the 1-year study period. The mean age was 11.1 ± 3.5 years, and the majority was male (65%). Male patients were significantly older compared to female patients (p = 0.008). Also, 78.7% of the fractures affected the phalanges, 17.6% the metacarpals, and 3.7% the carpal bones. The proximal phalanges were the most commonly fractured bones (41.5%). Patients with fractures of the carpus were significantly older compared to children sustaining fractures of the metacarpus or phalangeal bones (p < 0.001). Sixteen percent of our patients were treated surgically; these patients were significantly older compared to conservatively treated patients (p = 0.011). Conclusion: The epidemiology, mechanisms of injury, distribution, and treatment of hand fractures significantly varies among different age groups. This knowledge is of importance for educational purposes of younger colleagues entrusted with care of children and adolescents as well as development of effective prevention strategies.

What is Known:• Pediatric hand fractures represent the second most common fractures in children.• The epidemiology of pediatric hand fractures has changed during the last decades and therefore there is a need for an update regarding distribution and epidemiology of pediatric hand fractures.

What is New:• In this retrospective cohort study, 761 pediatric hand fractures of 731 patients were analyzed in detail.• The main mechanisms of younger patients were entrapment injuries, older children most commonly sustained their fractures due to ball sport injuries. There was an increasing rate of metacarpal and carpal fractures with increasing age, and these fractures had to be treated operatively more often than phalangeal fractures.
No difference in mobile and fixed bearing partial knee arthroplasty in octogenarians: a clinical trial
Authors: D’Ambrosi Riccardo , Valli Federico , Nuara Alessandro , Mariani Ilaria , Di Feo Fabrizio , Ursino Nicola , Formica Matteo , Mangiavini Laura , Hantes Michael , Migliorini Filippo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
A clinical trial comparing MB (mobile-bearing) versus FB (fixed-bearing) in medial partial knee arthroplasty (PKA) in octagenarians has been conducted. The focus of the present study was on PROMs, range of motion (ROM), implant positioning and implants survivorship. The hypothesis of the present study was that MB implants performed better than FB in PKA in octogenarians.

Methods
The first group received FB PKA-PPK®; the second received MB PKA-Oxford. Patients were not randomly allocated. The following PROMs were administered at T0 (pre-operatively), T1 (1 year after surgery), and T2 (3 years after surgery): visual analogue scale (VAS), Knee Society Score (KSS) and Oxford Knee Score (OKS). Data regarding the implant survivorship and ROM were also collected. Furthermore, the following radiographic parameters were measured: Femoral component varus/valgus; Tibial component varus/valgus; Anteroposterior slope.

Results
At T0, 28 patients were included in the FB and 33 in the MB group. The surgical time was shorter in the FB group (p < 0.001). No difference between FB and MB in ROM, VAS, KSS, and OKS at each follow-up (p > 0.05). No difference was found in implant positioning (p > 0.05). At last follow-up, FB group reported three failures caused by aseptic loosening. Four failures were observed in the MB cohort: two for bearing dislocation and two for aseptic loosening. The Kaplan–Meier Curve found no differences in implant survivorship.

Conclusions
According to the main findings of the present clinical trial, MB implants performed similar to FB in PKA in octogenarians. The FB group demonstrated shorted surgical time. No difference was found in patient reported outcome measures, ROM, implant positioning, and survivorship.

Level of evidence
Level II, prospective study.
Fatigue, sleepiness and sleep quality are SARS-CoV-2 variant independent in patients with long COVID symptoms
Authors: Percze Anna Reka , Nagy Alexandra , Polivka Lorinc , Barczi Eniko , Czaller Ibolya , Kovats Zsuzsanna , Varga Janos Tamas , Ballai Judit H. , Muller Veronika , Horvath Gabor 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAcute infections with SARS-CoV-2 variants of concerns (VOCs) differ in clinical presentation. Discrepancies in their long-term sequelae, commonly referred to as long COVID, however, remain to be explored. We retrospectively analyzed data of 287 patients presented at the post-COVID care of the Pulmonology Department, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary, and infected with SARS-CoV-2 during a period of 3 major epidemic waves in Hungary (February–July 2021, VOC: B.1.1.7, Alpha, N = 135; August–December 2021, VOC: B.1.617.2, Delta, N = 89; and January–June 2022, VOC: B.1.1.529, Omicron; N = 63), > 4 weeks after acute COVID-19. Overall, the ratio of long COVID symptomatic (LC) and asymptomatic (NS) patients was 2:1. Self-reported questionnaires on fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale, FSS), sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ESS) and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) showed higher scores for LC (4.79 ± 0.12, 7.45 ± 0.33 and 7.46 ± 0.27, respectively) than NS patients (2.85 ± 0.16, 5.23 ± 0.32 and 4.26 ± 0.29, respectively; p < 0.05 for all vs. LC). By comparing data of the three waves, mean FSS and PSQI scores of LC patients, but not ESS scores, exceeded the normal range in all, with no significant inter-wave differences. Considering FSS ≥ 4 and PSQI > 5 cutoff values, LC patients commonly exhibited problematic fatigue (≥ 70%) and poor sleep quality (> 60%) in all three waves. Comparative analysis of PSQI component scores of LC patients identified no significant differences between the three waves. Our findings highlight the importance of concerted efforts to manage both fatigue and sleep disturbances in long COVID patient care. This multifaceted approach should be followed in all cases infected with either VOCs of SARS-CoV-2.
A Study of Abraham’s Effective Hydrogen Bond Acidity and Polarity/Polarizability Parameters, A and S, Using Computationally Derived Molecular Properties
Authors: Waghorne Earle 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAbraham’s hydrogen bond donor and polarity/polarizability parameters, A and S, respectively, are correlated with molecular properties derived from computational chemistry. The analyses show that A, like Kamlet and Taaft’s α, correlates only with the charge on the most positive hydrogen atom of the molecule but that there are marked steric effects. In contrast, S correlates with the molecular dipole moment, the partial charge on the most negative atom in the molecule and with the polarizability of single ring aromatic compounds but not those of aliphatic compounds. These results are compared with those for corresponding Kamlet and Taft parameters, α and π* and Reichardt’s ET(30) and discussed in terms of the experimental methods used to determine the parameters.
Like Father, Like Son: Empirical Insights into the Intergenerational Continuity of Masculinity Ideology
Authors: Perales Francisco , Kuskoff Ella , Flood Michael , King Tania 
Published: April 2023

AbstractScholarly work and public commentary point to the persistence of masculinity models characterized by a sense of entitlement, the exertion of dominance, and the justification of abusive behaviors. While there is abundant theoretical work on men and masculinities, fewer empirical studies have examined how young men develop their masculine ideals. In this study, we theorize the role of fathers’ adherence to masculinity ideology in influencing the development of young men’s masculine ideals. We then provide novel empirical evidence on intergenerational congruence between fathers’ and sons’ masculinities using unique data from an Australian national probability survey. Our results reveal moderate, positive associations between fathers’ and sons’ adherence to masculinity ideology. This pattern holds for an overall measure of masculinity, as well as for each of its subscales. Fathers’ religiosity amplified the magnitude of the intergenerational correlation. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at encouraging the development of healthy masculinities amongst young men should engage their paternal figures.
Solar Electron Beam Velocities That Grow Langmuir Waves in the Inner Heliosphere
Authors: Lorfing Camille Y. , Reid Hamish A. S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSolar accelerated electron beams, a component of space weather, are emitted by eruptive events at the Sun. They interact with the ambient plasma to grow Langmuir waves, which subsequently produce radio emission, changing the electrons’ motion through space. Solar electron beam–plasma interactions are simulated using a quasilinear approach to kinetic theory to probe the variations in the maximum electron velocity [$\Xi $
Ξ
] responsible for Langmuir wave growth between the Sun’s surface and 50 R⊙ above the surface. We find that it peaks at 5 R⊙ at 0.38 c and decreases as $r^{-0.5}$

r

−
0.5

to 0.16 c at 50 R⊙. The role of the initial beam density [$n_{\mathrm{beam}}$

n
beam

] and velocity spectral index [$\alpha $
α
] on the energy density of the beam and $\Xi $
Ξ
is extensively studied. We show that a high spectral index yields a lower $\Xi $
Ξ
, while a high $n_{\mathrm{beam}}$

n
beam

yields a higher $\Xi $
Ξ
, and vice versa. We observe at different energy channels that below 60 keV, electrons arrive up to 0.75 minutes earlier than expected at 13 R⊙ while higher energy electrons propagate scatter free in the plasma. A special focus on the associated Type III radio burst shows that the energy range [$\Delta E$
Δ
E
] of electrons producing Langmuir waves evolves from 7 keV to 1 keV between 0 and 28 R⊙. Understanding the transport effect on the electron beam kinetics and arrival time at Earth has space weather implications. The results of this simulation can be tested against readily available in-situ data from Solar Orbiter and Parker Solar Probe.
Heat and Mass Transfer in Hygroscopic Porous Media: Consequences of Invoking Tóth’s Sorption Isotherm
Authors: Thorpe Graham 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe thermal performance of ventilated beds of hygroscopic porous media depends strongly on the sorption properties of the solid phase. Furthermore, the published literature shows that the predicted performance of ventilated beds of hygroscopic porous media is extremely sensitive to the form and accuracy of the sorption isotherm. This is particularly apparent under idealized conditions when thermodynamic equilibrium is deemed to exist between the solid and fluid phases. When Tóth’s isotherm is invoked in an equilibrium model used to analyse the performance of a bed of initially warm and dry silica gel ventilated with cool, humid air, it is predicted that a shock wave develops downstream of air entering the bed. In contrast, it is shown that non-equilibrium solutions result in a transfer wave, the width of which decreases as the velocity of the interstitial air decreases. The Tóth isotherm gives rise to erroneous values of the integral heat of wetting of silica gel. Previously published studies of simultaneous heat and mass transfer in beds of hygroscopic materials refer to conceptual difficulties in interpreting the results, and some published mathematical analyses are somewhat terse. A secondary aim of this work is to assuage these difficulties by detailing the analyses in Supplementary Information.
P2Y11/IL-1 receptor crosstalk controls macrophage inflammation: a novel target for anti-inflammatory strategies?
Authors: Klaver Dominik , Thurnher Martin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Although first cloning of the human ATP receptor P2Y11 was successful 25 years ago, the exact downstream signaling pathways of P2Y11 receptor, which can couple to Gq and Gs proteins, have remained unclear. Especially the lack of rodent models as well as the limited availability of antibodies and pharmacological tools have hampered examination of P2Y11 expression and function. Many meaningful observations related to P2Y11 have been made in primary immune cells, indicating that P2Y11 receptors are important regulators of inflammation and cell migration, also by controlling mitochondrial activity. Our recent studies have shown that P2Y11 is upregulated during macrophage development and activates signaling through IL-1 receptor, which is well known for its ability to direct inflammatory and migratory processes. This review summarizes the results of the first transcriptomic and secretomic analyses of both, ectopic and native P2Y11 receptors, and discusses how P2Y11 crosstalk with the IL-1 receptor may govern anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic processes in human M2 macrophages.