bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Latent classes of neurodevelopmental profiles and needs in children and adolescents with prenatal alcohol exposure
Authors: McLachlan Kaitlyn , Minhas Meenu , Ritter Chantel , Kennedy Kathleen , Joly Vannesa , Faitakis Martina , Cook Jocelynn , Unsworth Kathy , MacKillop James , Pei Jacqueline 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundFetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, but substantial interindividual heterogeneity complicates timely and accurate assessment, diagnosis, and intervention. The current study aimed to identify classes of children and adolescents with PAE assessed for FASD according to their pattern of significant neurodevelopmental functioning across 10 domains using latent class analysis (LCA), and to characterize these subgroups across clinical features.MethodsData from the Canadian National FASD Database, a large ongoing repository of anonymized clinical data received from diagnostic clinics across Canada, was analyzed using a retrospective cross‐sectional cohort design. The sample included 1440 children and adolescents ages 6 to 17 years (M = 11.0, SD = 3.5, 41.7% female) with confirmed PAE assessed for FASD between 2016 and 2020.ResultsResults revealed an optimal four‐class solution. The Global needs group was characterized by high overall neurodevelopmental impairment considered severe in nature. The Regulation and Cognitive needs groups presented with moderate but substantively distinguishable patterns of significant neurodevelopmental impairment. The Attention needs group was characterized by relatively low probabilities of significant neurodevelopmental impairment. Both the Global and Regulation needs groups also presented with the highest probabilities of clinical needs, further signifying potential substantive differences in assessment and intervention needs across classes.ConclusionsFour relatively distinct subgroups were present in a large heterogeneous sample of children and adolescents with PAE assessed for FASD in Canada. These findings may inform clinical services by guiding clinicians to identify distinct service pathways for these subgroups, potentially increasing access to a more personalized treatment approach and improving outcomes.
Early‐onset recurrent panniculitis as a phenotype of NLRC4‐associated autoinflammatory syndrome: Characterization of pathogenicity of the p.Ser445ProNLRC4 variant
Authors: Gil‐Lianes Javier , Gariup Giuseppe , Iranzo‐Fernández Pilar , Mensa‐Vilaró Anna , Peñín‐Franch Alejandro , Hurtado‐Navarro Laura , Pelegrin Pablo , Aróstegui Juan I. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMonoallelic NLRC4 gain‐of‐function variants cause an inflammasomopathy with diverse clinical forms including infantile enterocolitis, recurrent macrophage activation syndrome, cold‐induced urticaria‐like lesions (or familial‐cold autoinflammatory syndrome, FCAS4), and painful subcutaneous nodules. Here, we identified a large family with six consecutive generations affected. Genetic analyses detected the heterozygous p.Ser445Pro NLRC4 variant in three patients, which has been previously reported in a Dutch family with FCAS4. We aimed to describe the clinicopathological features and the functional consequences of the detected NLRC4 variant. Patients presented an early‐onset (3 months–6 years) inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent panniculitis, fever and arthralgia. Histopathological examination showed perivascular and interstitial lymphohistiocytic infiltrates in the dermis and mixed panniculitis. Functional analysis supported the conclusion that the p.Ser445Pro NLRC4 variant leads to a constitutive activation of NLRC4‐inflammasome and increased plasma levels of IL‐18. Prompt recognition of early‐onset panniculitis through clinicopathological examination and laboratory biomarkers may allow targeted therapies.
Large maternal waist circumference in relation to height is associated with high glucose concentrations in an early‐pregnancy oral glucose tolerance test: A population‐based study
Authors: Jokelainen Mervi , Stach‐Lempinen Beata , Teramo Kari , Nenonen Arja , Kautiainen Hannu , Klemetti Miira M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionTo explore the role of maternal anthropometric characteristics in early‐pregnancy glycemia, we analyzed the associations and interactions of maternal early‐pregnancy waist circumference (WC), height and pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) with plasma glucose concentrations in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 12–16 weeks’ gestation.Material and MethodsA population‐based cohort of 1361 pregnant women was recruited in South Karelia, Finland, from March 2013 to December 2016. All participants had their WC, weight, height, HbA1c, and blood pressure measured at 8–14 weeks’ gestation and subsequently underwent a 2‐h 75‐g OGTT, including assessment of fasting insulin concentrations, at 12–16 weeks’ gestation. BMI (kg/m2) was calculated using self‐reported pre‐pregnancy weight. Maternal WC ≥80 cm was defined as large. Maternal height ≥166 cm was defined as tall. Data on gestational diabetes treatment was extracted from hospital records.ResultsIn the total cohort, 901 (66%) of women had an early‐pregnancy WC ≥80 cm, which was associated with higher early‐pregnancy HbA1c, higher concentrations of fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin, higher post‐load plasma glucose concentrations, higher HOMA‐IR indices, higher blood pressure levels, and higher frequencies of pharmacologically treated gestational diabetes, than early‐pregnancy WC <80 cm. Maternal height ≥166 cm was negatively associated with 1‐ and 2‐h post‐load plasma glucose concentrations. Waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) >0.5 was positively associated with both fasting and post‐load plasma glucose concentrations at 12–16 weeks’ gestation, even when adjusted for age, smoking, nulliparity, and family history of type 2 diabetes. The best cut‐offs for WHtR (0.58 for 1‐h plasma glucose, and 0.54 for 2‐h plasma glucose) were better predictors of post‐load glucose concentrations >90th percentile than the best cut‐offs for BMI (28.1 kg/m2 for 1‐h plasma glucose, and 26.6 kg/m2 for 2‐h plasma glucose), with areas‐under‐the‐curve (95% confidence interval) 0.73 (0.68–0.79) and 0.73 (0.69–0.77), respectively, for WHtR, and 0.68 (0.63–0.74) and 0.69 (0.65–0.74), respectively, for BMI.ConclusionsIn our population‐based cohort, early‐pregnancy WHtR >0.5 was positively associated with both fasting and post‐load glucose concentrations at 12–16 weeks’ gestation and performed better than BMI in the prediction of post‐load glucose concentrations >90th percentile. Overall, our results underline the importance of evaluating maternal abdominal adiposity in gestational diabetes risk assessment.
Efficacy of a short sandwich protocol, methotrexate, gemcitabine, L‐asparaginase and dexamethasone chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy, in localised newly diagnosed NK/T‐cell lymphoma: A French retrospective study
Authors: Chaubard Sammara , Marouf Amira , Lavergne David , Lemonnier François , Rossignol Julien , Clavert Aline , Gressin Rémy , Cartron Guillaume , Waultier‐Rascalou Agathe , Vargaftig Jacques , Salles Gilles , Bachy Emmanuel , Ghesquières Hervé , Tournilhac Olivier , Chauchet Adrien , Le Gouill Steven , Damaj Gandhi , Fornecker Luc‐Matthieu , Sibon David , Obéric Lucie , Michot Jean‐Marie , Gaulard Philippe , Hermine Olivier , Couronné Lucile , Jaccard Arnaud 
Published: February 2023

SummaryExtranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type is a rare and aggressive form of lymphoma, historically associated with poor prognosis. We report here the results of a retrospective multi‐centre study evaluating the efficacy of MGAD (methotrexate, gemcitabine, L‐asparaginase and dexamethasone) regimen (two cycles) combined with ‘sandwich’ radiotherapy in 35 patients with localised newly diagnosed extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma. Thirty‐two patients (91%) reached complete remission. With a long median follow‐up of 59.6 months, progression‐free and overall survival at 2 and 5 years were 71%, 80% and 53%, 73%, respectively. Around one third of the patients experienced relapse within a median time of 14.5 months. Side‐effects were manageable with grades 3–4 cytopenias, mucositis and infection in 50%, 24% and 21% of the cases, respectively. Monitoring of asparaginase activity was performed in 13 patients and showed inactivation of the drug in seven (54%) patients. Our results indicate that a short therapy by sandwich MGAD chemoradiotherapy is a tolerable and effective treatment option in localised newly diagnosed extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma patients.
The effect of adjuvant radiotherapy on skin biophysical properties in patients with breast cancer at risk for breast lymphedema: A prospective study
Authors: Tuğral Alper , Akyol Murat , Bakar Yeşim 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer among women. Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the main and primary treatment options for BC, especially in breast‐conserving surgery (BCS). BC patients who underwent RT experience a wide range of symptoms, in which breast oedema and irritation of the skin take the lion's share. Breast oedema/lymphedema, which is also a prominent side effect after RT should be well determined in earlier settings due to the chronicity of lymphedema. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the biophysical parameters of skin on the ipsilateral (IL) and contralateral (CL) sites via Tissue dielectric constant (TDC) and Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) methods in terms of oedema and skin barrier function (SBF). The following reference points before and after the RT were measured: (R1: Pectoralis muscle, R2: Upper breast, R3: Lower breast, R4: Lateral site of the thorax). A total of 24 BC patients (mean age and BMI: 52.78 ± 9.85 years and 28.42 ± 5.64 kg/m2) were evaluated. In the IL site, the SBF was not found significant in R1‐R3, whereas significantly lower SBF was observed in R4 after RT (t = −3.361, p = 0.003). A significant increase in TDC was observed in R2 at the 5.0 mm depth (t = −2.500, p = 0.02). We suggest that a longer period of follow‐up should be carefully carried out to track changes in terms of SBF and oedema in the irradiated breast. The increased need for early detection of changes associated with breast lymphedema can be achievable via noninvasive, safe, cheap, and easily repeatable devices.
Issue segmentation by public agencies: Assessing communication strategies of EU agencies related to Covid‐19
Authors: Müller Moritz , Fraussen Bert 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn agency's self‐portrayal can help to protect its jurisdictional turf and strengthen its reputational uniqueness. While prior reputational studies have shown that agencies are attentive to the media and political principals, they have not assessed how inter‐agency dynamics might shape their public outreach and message. This paper argues that if multiple public agencies are confronted with a shared salient issue, such as the Covid‐19 pandemic, they engage in ‘issue segmentation’: mindful of each other's distinct jurisdictional and reputational profiles, their communication centers around sub‐issues that do not overlap with core missions of other agencies. We assess this expectation via a study of Twitter communication of 38 European Union agencies related to Covid‐19. Using an automated thematic analysis of tweets, we show that agencies engage in issue segmentation and focus on unique sub‐issues. The findings contribute to a better understanding of public outreach of agencies in times of crisis.
Long‐term prolonged‐release tacrolimus outcomes in living donor kidney transplantation: The Japan Academic Consortium of Kidney Transplantation study‐II
Authors: Okumi Masayoshi , Omoto Kazuya , Shimizu Tomokazu , Shirakawa Hiroki , Unagami Kohei , Lee Takumi , Ishida Hideki , Tanabe Kazunari , Takagi Toshio 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesTo evaluate the 10‐year efficacy and safety of a prolonged‐release tacrolimus‐based combination immunosuppressive regimen on longer‐term outcomes in living donor kidney transplantation.MethodsData from Japanese living donor kidney transplant recipients (n = 410) maintained on continuous prolonged‐release tacrolimus‐based immunosuppression from 2009–2013 were analyzed with a median follow‐up of 9.9 years.ResultsA prolonged‐release, tacrolimus‐based combination regimen provided death‐censored graft failure and all‐cause death rates at 10 years of 7.0% and 6.8%, respectively. In multivariable analyses, acute and chronic rejection and ‘throughout’ (new‐onset plus preexisting) diabetes mellitus were risk factors for death‐censored graft failure. Recipient age ≥ 65 years, throughout diabetes mellitus and malignancy were common risk factors for all‐cause death. Throughout diabetes mellitus was the most common risk factor for both death‐censored graft failure and all‐cause death. Additional analyses showed 10‐year cumulative rates of death‐censored graft failure were 14.0% and 5.4% for recipients with or without preexisting diabetes mellitus, respectively (log‐rank test: p = 0.009). All‐cause death rates were 12.7% and 5.4% in the preexisting and non‐diabetes mellitus groups, respectively (log‐rank test: p = 0.023).ConclusionsIn this real‐world, retrospective, living donor kidney transplantation study, a prolonged‐release tacrolimus‐based immunosuppressive combination regimen provided 10‐year death‐censored graft failure rates of 14.0% and 5.4% in diabetes mellitus and non‐diabetes mellitus patients, respectively; Similarly, 10‐year all‐cause death rates were 12.7% and 5.4% in diabetes mellitus and non‐diabetes mellitus patients, respectively. To our knowledge, the data in this study are the first to provide 10‐year transplant outcomes in living donor kidney transplant recipients under prolonged‐release tacrolimus‐based regimen.
Noninvasive tests predict liver‐related events and mortality in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: sub‐analysis of the CLIONE‐Asia study
Authors: Ishiba Hiroshi , Sumida Yoshio , Kamada Yoshihiro , Fujii Hideki , Iwaki Michihiro , Hayashi Hideki , Toyoda Hidenori , Oeda Satoshi , Hyogo Hideyuki , Kawanaka Miwa , Morishita Asahiro , Munekage Kensuke , Kawata Kazuhito , Tsutsumi Tsubasa , Sawada Koji , Maeshiro Tatsuji , Tobita Hiroshi , Yoshida Yuichi , Naito Masafumi , Araki Asuka , Arakaki Shingo , Kawaguchi Takumi , Noritake Hidenao , Ono Masafumi , Masaki Tsutomu , Yasuda Satoshi , Tomita Eiichi , Yoneda Masato , Tokushige Akihiro , Takahashi Hirokazu , Ueda Shinichiro , Aishima Shinichi , Nakajima Atsushi , Okanoue Takeshi ,   Japan Study Group of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (JSG‐NAFLD)
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsNoninvasive tests (NITs) have prognostic potential, but whether NITs are comparable with liver biopsy is unclear. This study aimed to examine the prognostic accuracy of NITs for liver‐related mortality (LRM) and events (LREs) in patients with biopsy‐proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).MethodsWe investigated 1313 patients with NAFLD. Patients were assigned to low‐risk, indeterminate‐risk, and high‐risk groups using conventional cutoff values of each FIB‐4 and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) and to stage 0–2 and stage 3–4 groups using the fibrosis stage. Survival and Cox regression analyses of the prognostic potential of NITs for LRM/LREs were conducted.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 4.5 years, regarding to FIB‐4, the incidence rate (/1000 person‐years) in the low risk was zero for LRM and 0.5 for LREs. In contrast, the rate in stage 0–2 was 1.3 for LRM and 2.8 for LRE. The adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for LREs in the high risk compared with the low risk were 32.85 (P < 0.01). The aHRs in stage 3–4 compared with stage 0–2 were 2.68 (P = 0.02) for LREs and 2.26 (P = 0.582) for LRM. In the same fibrosis stage, the incidence of LRM/LREs was more frequent with a higher risk stratification. The same trend was observed for NFS.ConclusionsNITs accurately predict LRM and LREs as well as a liver biopsy in Japanese patients with NAFLD. Patients in the low risk may not require close follow‐up for at least 5 years. The simple NITs could be an acceptable alternative method to performing a liver biopsy for the prognosis of NAFLD.
NLRP3‐directed antisense oligonucleotides reduce microglial immunoactivities in vitro
Authors: Braatz Charlotte , Komes Max P. , Ravichandran Kishore Aravind , de Fragas Matheus Garcia , Griep Angelika , Schwartz Stephanie , McManus Róisín M. , Heneka Michael T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with the cerebral deposition of Amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptide, which leads to NLRP3 inflammasome activation and subsequent release of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and interleukin‐18 (IL‐18). NLRP3 reduction has been found to increase microglial clearance, protect from synapse loss, and suppress both the changes to synaptic plasticity and spatial memory dysfunction observed in murine AD models. Here, we test whether NLRP3‐directed antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) can be harnessed as immune modulators in primary murine microglia and human THP‐1 cells. NLRP3 mRNA degradation was achieved at 72 h of ASO treatment in primary murine microglia. Consequently, NLRP3‐directed ASOs significantly reduced the levels of cleaved caspase‐1 and mature IL‐1β when microglia were either activated by LPS and nigericin or LPS and Aβ. In human THP‐1 cells NLRP3‐targeted ASOs also significantly reduced the LPS plus nigericin‐ or LPS plus Aβ‐induced release of mature IL‐1β. Together, NLRP3‐directed ASOs can suppress NLRP3 inflammasome activity and subsequent release of IL‐1β in primary murine microglia and THP‐1 cells. ASOs may represent a new and alternative approach to modulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation in neurodegenerative diseases, in addition to attempts to inhibit the complex pharmacologically.image
Aluminum alters excitability by inhibiting calcium, sodium, and potassium currents in bovine chromaffin cells
Authors: Baraibar Andrés M. , de Pascual Ricardo , Carretero Victoria Jiménez , Liccardi Ninfa , Juárez Natalia Hernández , Hernández‐Guijo Jesús M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAluminum (Al3+) has long been related to neurotoxicity and neurological diseases. This study aims to describe the specific actions of this metal on cellular excitability and neurotransmitter release in primary culture of bovine chromaffin cells. Using voltage‐clamp and current‐clamp recordings with the whole‐cell configuration of the patch clamp technique, online measurement of catecholamine release, and measurements of [Ca2+]c with Fluo‐4‐AM, we have observed that Al3+ reduced intracellular calcium concentrations around 25% and decreased catecholamine secretion in a dose‐dependent manner, with an IC50 of 89.1 μM. Al3+ blocked calcium currents in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner with an IC50 of 560 μM. This blockade was irreversible since it did not recover after washout. Moreover, Al3+ produced a bigger blockade on N‐, P‐, and Q‐type calcium channels subtypes (69.5%) than on L‐type channels subtypes (50.5%). Sodium currents were also inhibited by Al3+ in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner, 24.3% blockade at the closest concentration to the IC50 (399 μM). This inhibition was reversible. Voltage‐dependent potassium currents were low affected by Al3+. Nonetheless, calcium/voltage‐dependent potassium currents were inhibited in a concentration‐dependent manner, with an IC50 of 447 μM. This inhibition was related to the depression of calcium influx through voltage‐dependent calcium channels subtypes coupled to BK channels. In summary, the blockade of these ionic conductance altered cellular excitability that reduced the action potentials firing and so, the neurotransmitter release and the synaptic transmission. These findings prove that aluminum has neurotoxic properties because it alters neuronal excitability by inhibiting the sodium currents responsible for the generation and propagation of impulse nerve, the potassium current responsible for the termination of action potentials, and the calcium current responsible for the neurotransmitters release.image
Links between parental autonomy support and psychological control and Chinese emerging adults' conceptions of adulthood
Authors: Bao Guanghua , Gao Fangfang , Xie Han , Zhang Rui , Hong Jianzhong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFramed through family life course theory, two studies were conducted to examine the relationship between parenting and Chinese emerging adults' conceptions of adulthood. Study 1 identified five important adult criteria among 763 participants (Mage = 23.13; 54.8% girls) through exploratory factor analysis. In Study 2, 616 participants (Mage = 22.51; 71.6% girls) completed measures of parental autonomy support (PAS) and psychological control (PPC), subjective adult status, and adult criteria. Results showed that PAS was positively associated with subjective adult status and endorsement of almost all adult criteria, whereas PPC was both positively and negatively associated with different adult criteria. Findings reveal the influence of family factors on youth transition to adulthood in the Chinese context and may have implications for family based interventions.
Under thequasi‐judicialstate:H‐1Bemployment rights in an era of judicial retrenchment
Authors: Clark Gabrielle 
Published: February 2023

AbstractForeign workers holding H‐1B visas gained recourse to federal employment rights under the Immigration & Nationality Act (INA) for the very first time when Congress passed the Immigration Act of 1990 (IMMACT90). This paper examines H‐1B employment rights enforcement under the INA as it has intersected with broader features of the American legal system: what political scientists call judicial retrenchment and the quasi‐judicial state. I first show how H‐1B rights, already limited by the domestic politics that shaped the IMMACT, became subject to judicial retrenchment when the federal courts confined H‐1B disputes under the INA to the quasi‐judicial state at the Department of Labor (DOL). I then use published data on DOL investigation outcomes, published and unpublished administrative case records, and judicial cases reviewing agency action to examine the extent to which and how H‐1B workers can use the quasi‐judicial state to solve workplace problems. My empirical findings contribute to a new understanding of the relationship between rights retrenchment, the judiciary, and the rise of alternatives to court in immigration and employment law and point to possible fine‐grained changes for future immigration reform.