bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETINAL IMPAIRMENT ASSOCIATED WITH LONG-TERM USE OF RITONAVIR AMONG HIV PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW FOR PRIMARY EYE CARE PRACTICE
Authors: Karunia Zakirunallah - , Alberta Ivana Beatrice , Rahmani Salsha Alyfa 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Ritonavir as part of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is a potent inhibitor of HIV protease that have been reported causing retinal impairment in the long term use. Primary eye care (PEC) is an integral part of primary health care that provides an early screening for drug induced retinal toxicity, by using a funduscopy examination. This study proposed to review and analyze some case reports conducted on long-term use of ritonavir that affects retinal impairment among HIV patients, in primary eye care practice.
Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar were used to perform a systematic review of retinal impairment associated with long-term use of ritonavir among HIV patients. Using PRISMA 2020 Guidelines, nine case reports and one case series were included in this review.
Result: Funduscopy mainly showed bilateral Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) atrophy with hypertrophy or mottling. Two cases found bilateral crystalline deposits with pigment disruption. One case showed rounded hypopigmented lesion. Bilateral subtle annular pattern of RPE was found in one case. Bilateral retinitis pigmentosa-like appearance found in one case while another found unilateral hyperemic lesion at the left fovea.
Conclusion: Retinal impairment detected on funduscopy occurred in HIV patients on long-term use of ritonavir.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DURATION OF SILICONE OIL TAMPONADE AND RETINAL REDETACHMENT AFTER SILICONE OIL REMOVAL: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Victor Andi Arus , Sapuandi Enzo , Pranata Raymond 
Published: July 2023

Background: Silicone oil (SO) removal following vitrectomy and injection of silicone oil may cause retinal redetachments (re-RD), with duration of tamponade being considered as the risk factor. So, we wanted to evaluate the duration of silicone oil tamponade as a risk factor of retinal redetachments after silicone oil removal.
Result: Ten studies comprising of 2120 eyes were included in this review. Pooled analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the re-RD group and the non-re-RD group in terms of SO duration (mean difference -1.87 months; 95% CI, -3.87 to 0.13; p=0.07; I2=53.1%). The re-RD rate did not differ between the shorter and longer duration of SO tamponade (OR=1.44; 95% CI, 0.54 to 3.82; p=0.47; I2: 63.3%).
Conclusion: The duration of SO tamponade was not associated with re-RD after SO removal.
CLINICAL PROFILE AND VISUAL OUTCOME AFTER ERM REMOVAL- AN EXPERIENCE FROM A TERTIARY CARE REFERRAL CENTER IN NORTH INDIA
Authors: Var Shabnum Nabi , Handoo Perveiz Ahmad 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: ERM is a cellular proliferation on the inner retinal surface and possesses contractile properties which leads to variable visual symptoms.
Method: Thirty-four patients affected with epiretinal membrane were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent standard three port pars plana vitrectomy using standard 23-gauge instruments. Both ERM and ILM peels were performed in a circumferential pattern around the fovea. Patients were followed for 6 months. The visual outcome measures included postoperative logMAR visual acuity. The anatomical outcome was measured as decrease in foveal thickness on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Perioperative factors including duration of symptoms, preoperative visual acuity, etiology, membrane type and leakage on fundus fluorescein angiogram were correlated with the final visual outcomes.
Results: The mean age of the patients in this study was 60.25 17.5 years with a range of 16 to 80 years. 19 patients (56%) were males. 33 patients had a unilateral ERM and 1 patient had an ERM in both eyes. Diminution of vision was the most common symptom in 34 patients, distortion of vision (metamorphopsia) was seen in 20 (58.8%) patients. The mean pre-operative log MAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 1.4±0.77 and the mean post-operative log MAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.9 ±0.63. Out of 34 patients in our study, 31 (91.2%) had improvement in VA, and the remaining 3 (8.82%) patients had no improvement and none of the patients had decreased vision. 16 patients had ≥2 lines of improvement in visual acuity. 15 patients had less than 2 lines of improvement.
Conclusion: ERMs pose a significant risk to compromise the vision and affect varied age groups. ERM removal through standard three port pars plana vitrectomy offers an effective and safe procedure with better post operative visual outcomes.
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VITRECTOMY PATIENTS IN THE CASE OF RHEGMATOGEN RETINA DETACHMENT IN PROF DR R D KANDOU CENTRAL GENERAL HOSPITAL, MANADO
Authors: Nursalim Ade John , Sumual Vera , Sumanti Eugeni Jumilia Rachel , Rumampuk Irene , Komaling Christian Maramis , Loho Stevanus J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachmet (RRD) is an ophthalmology urgency that can cause blindness if treated late. Incidence of RRD has increasing overtime. We describe the clinical characteristics of vitrectomy patients in RRD cases at prof dr R D Kandou hospital, north Sulawesi Province, Manado City, Indonesia.
Method
The study was conducted based on a retrospective search on the medical record data of 72 RRD patients who underwent vitrectomy in the period June 2018-2020.
result
The most gender was male as many as 43 patients (59.70%), the most age were in the 51-60 years range as many as 33 patients (45.83%), the eyes affected by RRD were mostly right eyes as many as 41 patients (56, 9%), the location of the break was mostly in the superotemporal area as many as 28 (38.9%), the status of the macula was mostly macular off as many as 44 patients (61.10%), the anesthesia used was local anesthesia in 69 patients (95.80 %), the time taken for the procedure was more than 1 month for all patients.
conclusion
The clinical characteristics of RRD patients at Prof dr R D Kandou Hospital are in line with trends in several places in the world. Time to do vitrectomy need to be evaluated and corrected to improve visual prognosis.
MANAGEMENT OF LARGE IDIOPATHIC MACULAR HOLE WITH PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY AND MODIFIED MINIMAL ILM PEELING WITH SUPERIOR ILM FLAP
Authors: Syakirah Fatimah , Amin Ramzi , Ansyori Abdul Karim 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Idiopathic macular hole is an anatomic discontinuity of the neurosensory retina in the center of the macula or fovea resulted from tractional forces on the foveola at the vitreoretinal interface not associated with other causes. Diagnosis and management of this condition requires expertise, skills, and specialized examination to detect changes in the retina which is important for deciding the appropriate management.
Case Report: We report a case of 66-year-old man with idiopathic macular hole (IMH) in the right eye with initial best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) 20/1200. Fundus examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT) confirmed the presence of large full thickness macular hole with mean linear diameter 673 µm and posterior hyaloid still attached to the optic nerve. The patient was managed with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) surgery using modified minimal internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling with superior ILM flap and SF6 gas tamponade. Two weeks after surgery OCT showed closure of the macular hole. BCVA at two and four weeks after surgery improved to 20/240 and 20/200 respectively.
Discussion: PPV with ILM peeling is one of the standardized procedures in IMH surgery. Failure of the vitrectomy surgery to close the macular hole or late reopening of initially successfully closed holes may occur without removal of the ILM due to ILM role as a scaffold for cellular proliferation or attachment of contractile tissue that may cause persistent vitreomacular traction. Variations of ILM peeling such as inverted ILM peeling has been used to improve closure rate for large IMH and has showed favorable results both anatomically and functionally. Nowadays, to avoid or minimize the damage of retinal microstructure by ILM peeling, some surgeons introduced new techniques aiming to preserve the ILM for IMH. Minimal ILM peeling with superior ILM flap technique in this case was done to obtain MH closure with less microstructural retinal abnormalities and better visual outcomes.
Conclusion The management of large IMH with PPV and modified minimal ILM peeling with superior ILM flap in this case showed good results in terms of anatomic and functional outcomes.
CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION IN A CASE OF CHORIORETINAL COLOBOMA TREATED WITH INTRAVITREAL ANTI-VEGF INJECTONS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Simanjuntak Dicky Budiman , Victor Andi Arus , Andayani Gitalisa 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Chorioretinal coloboma (CRC) results from abnormal closure of the embryonic fissure. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a rare complication that associated with coloboma of the choroid. VEGF is an important factor in the development of CNV.
Case Report: A 52-year-old woman with gradual blurred vision of the left eye since 4 months ago. Right eye was already blurred since she was a child with uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 0.5/60. Her right iris showed coloboma in inferior and chorioretinal coloboma. UCVA of the left eye was 6/20. Her left iris showed inferior coloboma, chorioretinal coloboma and macular edema with soft drusen. Macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) confirmed macular subretinal fluid, and indicated a CNV lesion of the left eye. She underwent a loading dose of three monthly intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections (bevacizumab) for the left eye. One month after completion of treatment, UCVA of the left eye improved to 6/12.
Discussion: CNV is a complication associated with CRC. Intravitreal Anti-VEGF treatment using loading dose regimen is shown to be effective in treating CNV. One month after completion of treatment, UCVA of the left eye improved.
Conclusion: Chorioretinal coloboma is a rare posterior segment congenital anomaly. Classical, bilateral coloboma of the choroid and iris indicates a deformation of the choroidal fissure closure. Coloboma of the choroid can have a complication such as choroidal neovascularization. Treatment with a loading dose of three monthly intravitreal anti-VEGF injections showed good anatomical and functional results.
Comparison of Amplitude and Implicit Time Between Jet Electrode, Dencott Electrode and Dawson-Trick-Litzkow Electrode in Multifocal Electroretinography Examination in Adult
Authors: Nusanti Syntia , Susanti Ika Citra , Sidik M. , Kekalih Aria 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Multifocal electroretinography (ERG) is an examination which measures retinal electrical activity as a response to lighting stimulus and allows simultaneous recording in many topographic locations. Various electrodes have been developed to balance examination accuracy and also patients’ comfort. The objective of this study is to establish normal values of multifocal ERG and to compare the values and the comfort level using Jet, Dencott and DTL electrode in Indonesian Adult.
Methods: Through convenient sampling 49 normal Indonesian subjects between 19 and 49 years old were selected. Multifocal ERG amplitudes and implicit time values were measured according to recommendation by the ISCEV. Evaluation consisted of N1 and P1 wave in ring 1 to 5. after the examination, all subjects filled in a questionnaire about comfort level, adopted from the visual analog scale.
Result: We observed a statistically significant difference in multifocal ERG normal values between electrode with higher wave amplitudes and longer implicit time in Jet and Dencott electrodes compared to DTL electrodes. Jet and DTL electrodes are more comfortable than Dencott electrodes for Indonesian adults in multifocal ERG.
Conclusion: DTL electrodes give the lowest wave amplitude and the shortest implicit time and are the most comfortable electrode compared to Jet and Dencott electrodes, in multifocal ERG in Indonesian adults.
Macular Edema as Unusual Presentation of Non-Arteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION)
Authors: Pintary Marsha Rayfa , Djatikusumo Ari , Dewiputri Salmarezka , Nusanti Syntia , Sidik Mohamad 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Non-arteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy is the most common type of ischemic optic neuropathy. Nearly half of NAION patients presented with 20/30 or better visual acuity. Central vision is often preserved relative to the visual field loss. Macular edema in NAION patient is rare, and its occurrence may confuse to other disease and lead to unnecessary treatment.
Case Report: We identified three NAION patients presented with macular edema. The patients' age was above 40 and had diabetes mellitus (DM). Our patients had clinical findings consistent with NAION with poor visual acuity at the early presentation. Optical coherence tomography examination was performed, and all patients had prominent subretinal fluid. Intravitreal anti-VEGF injection was done on our first patient and no treatment was given to our second and third patient. All patients showed a significant improvement of macular edema.
Discussion: Macular edema is a rare clinical manifestation that may contribute a visual deterioration in NAION. The incidence of macular edema in NAION patients is difficult to measure since OCT of macula is not routinely performed. In our report, we encountered three cases of NAION complicated by macular edema that underwent a different approach in therapy. Spontaneous regression of subretinal fluid was seen during observation without any treatment given. Our patients achieved a stable visual acuity and visual field defect. This finding is under the literature that spontaneous recovery will be observed during the natural course of acute NAION.
Conclusion: Macular edema is an unusual but self-limiting presentation of NAION. Therefore, a comprehensive examination is needed to prevent any unnecessary treatment.
DIAGNOSING VON HIPPEL LINDAU DISEASE BY RETINAL CAPILLARY HAEMANGIOBLASTOMAS
Authors: Mandrasari Yurike , Vierlia Wino Vrieda , Yudistira Andhika , Dewi Nadia Artha 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome is a disease characterized by the formation of tumors or cysts in many different parts of the body caused by germline. The prevalence of this autosomal dominant condition is very rare. Understanding of clinical manifestasion and diagnostic criteria is needed.
Case Report: Female, 22-year-old was reffered from orthopaedic department suffered from blurred and misalignment of the left eye since 3 months ago . Based on indirect funduscopy examination, we found disc swelling with exudative retinal detachment on her left eye and orange-reddish retinal mass concluded as Retinal Capillary Hemangioblastoma (RCH) with tortuosity and dilatation of blood vessel on her right eye. The MRI showed multiple masses in cervical to lumbar vertebrae and multiple cyst on pancreatic gland.
Discussion: This patient had 1 ocular RCH, multiple spinal tumor and multiple pancreatic cysts with no confirmed family history, therefore almost fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of VHL. To further confirm the diagnosis, it was necessary to find other common comorbids of VHL such as gene testing of VHL heterozygous germline mutation. Interdisciplinary approach consists of not only diagnostic and treatment plans from one speciality department, but also the ones from other related divisions and departments.
Conclusion: Screening and interdiciplinary approach in managing Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome are required to be performed promptly.
NEURODEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES AFTER ANTI-VEGF TREATMENT FOR RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Permaisuari Nizma , Barliana Julie Dewi 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: The objective of this study was to assess the neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants who have undergone intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF), either as monotherapy or in combination with laser therapy, for treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Secondary, efficacy of anti-VEGF was also evaluated.
Methods: Literature search was conducted using 7 online databases (CENTRAL, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, EBSCO, ProQuest, and JSTOR). Studies were selected based on the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Primary outcomes were neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI), severe NDI (sNDI), neurodevelopmental scores, and cerebral palsy (CP) incidence. Secondary outcomes included impairment and severe impairment of each domain (motor, cognitive, and language) and retreatment of ROP.
Result: Seventeen studies were included. Random-effects model meta-analysis showed no differences were observed between anti-VEGF compared to control group in NDI (unadjusted odds ratio (uOR) 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85 to 1.94), sNDI (uOR 1.33; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.93), and CP outcomes . Meta-analysis showed insignificant result with lower overall scores, motor, cognitive, and language domains associated with anti-VEGF treatment. Secondary outcomes showed inferior cognitive impairment (OR 1.41; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.92) and higher retreatment rate (OR 47.55; 95% CI: 12.35 to 183.09) in anti-VEGF group.
Conclusion: There were no differences in neurodevelopmental outcomes between anti-VEGF and control group. Despite not causing any adverse neurodevelopmental effect, clinicians should carefully weigh the benefits and risks of anti-VEGF injection for treating infants with ROP, since it has higher retreatment rate.
IS 360° INTRAOPERATIVE LASER RETINOPEXY AFTER PRIMARY PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY WORTHWHILE TO PREVENT RECURRENT RETINAL DETACHMENT?
Authors: Maslik Marouane , Abaaqil Younes , Belghmaidi Sarah , Hajji Ibtissam , Moutaouakil Abdeljalil 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: To determine if performing 360° laser retinopexy anterior to the equator during surgery is a viable option to prevent recurrent retinal detachment following a primary pars plana vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Methods: A consecutive case series of 142 patients with retinal detachment who underwent vitrectomy by a single surgeon in Mohammed VI university hospital Marrakech hospital between January 2020 and December 2021. A comparison was made between a group of consecutive patients who underwent 360° laser retinopexy and a control group of patients who did not receive the treatment (39). Patient demographic and clinical information was gathered from medical records. Both groups were analyzed and compared in terms of baseline characteristics and the risk of recurrent retinal detachment over time.
Result: Prophylactic intraoperative 360° laser treatment was performed on 103 RRD cases (52 years) and compared to a control group of 39 RRD cases (56.8 years). The rate of the incidence of recurrent retinal detachment at six months after surgery was 12.6%( 13/103 eyes) in the 360° laser group and 28.2%(11/ 39 eyes) in the control group.
Conclusion: Intraoperative 360° laser retinopexy performed after primary pars plana vitrectomy led to a substantial decrease in the rate of recurrent retinal detachment post-surgery.
POST-EVACUATION OF SILICONE OIL COMPLICATIONS IN RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY AT TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN BALI, INDONESIA
Authors: Andayani Ari , Wibawa I Made Dwi Surya , Suryathi Ni Made Ari , Triningrat Anak Agung Mas Putrawati , Manuaba Ida Bagus Putra 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil injection has become a standard procedure to treat retinal detachment with complex cases. Considerations related to the use of silicone oil are the need for additional surgical procedures to remove silicone oil after the retinal condition is declared stable or because emulsification of silicone oil has occurred.
Methods: An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected retrospectively by collecting medical records of patients who underwent silicone oil evacuation in 2021.
Result: The research subjects were 23 people, where 52.2% of the subjects were women with a median age of 51 years. Most of the subjects (65.2%) had no complications, with the most complications occurring were secondary glaucoma (13%) and redetached retina (13%). There was no statistically significant difference between visual acuity before and after the evacuation of silicone oil with a P value of 0.202 and there was no statistically significant difference between IOP before and after evacuation of silicone oil with a P value of 0.132.
Conclusion: Evacuation of silicone oil is a follow-up action after PPV with SO tamponade. Complications which may arise are detach dan glaucoma. There was no significant difference in visual acuity and IOP before and after SO evacuation.
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY (PDR) PATIENTS WITH VITREOUS HEMORRHAGE AT CIPTO MANGUNKUSUMO HOSPITAL
Authors: Ali Reyno Satria , Victor Andi Arus , Djatikusumo Ari , Andayani Gitalisa , Yudanta Anggun Rama , Hutapea Mario Marbungaran 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Proliferative Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of blindness in adults. In the management of vitreous hemorrhage, vitrectomy is the main choice and also laser photocoagulation with or without anti-VEGF administration as additional therapy. This study aims to determine the number of patients, demographic characteristics, clinics, risk factors, distribution of treatment, and treatment outcomes for PDR patients with vitreous hemorrhage at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.
Methods: This study was retrospective descriptive study conducted from January 2020 to October 2022 who met the inclusion criteria. Population in this study were patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital with PDR accompanied by vitreous hemorrhage. Data shown in the table were mean (standard deviation) and number (percentage) based on the type of the data.
Result: A total of 146 patients with the diagnosis of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) with vitreous hemorrhage. Majority of subjects were men (60,9%), diagnosed with DM more than 10 years (63,0%) with another systemic risk factor. The most common clinical characteristics found visual acuity at the initial visit <3/60 (80,8%), diagnosed phakia (78,9%), retinal detachment (85,3%), grade 2 vitreous hemorrhage (80,8%). The majority of eyes underwent vitrectomy (90,44%), Anti-VEGF injections (22,92%), Laser PRP (11,46 %), Phacoemulsification pre and post- vitrectomy as adjuvant treatment. The condition of the vitreous was clear after vitrectomy (99,1%). Mean visual acuity before vitrectomy is 2.10 (1.80 – 2.50), while mean visual acuity after vitctomy was 1.00 (1.30 – 2.40), with a difference in initial and final visual acuity of -0.10 (-0.50 – 0.60).
Conclusion: Majority of study subjects were men with an age range of 25-77 years. Vitrectomy as the main treatment combined with intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF, laser PRP as adjuvant treatment. In nearly all cases, vitreous hemorrhage was clear after vitrectomy treatment. Visual acuity after vitrectomy shows progress even though in some cases there was no improvement.