bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prosthesis for bilateral equinus foot: A case study
Authors: Cotinat Maëva , Leroy Vincent , Bensoussan Laurent , Viton Jean-Michel 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Although surgical treatment for equinus foot has been widely described in the literature, less attention has been paid to orthopedic treatment with prostheses, which constitutes an interesting alternative approach. It has been described in the literature for treating lower-limb inequality, but not for equinus foot. The aim of this article is to report that the use of prosthetics can be a valid means of managing bilateral equinus foot.

Case description and methods:
In the present case report, we describe the management of an irreducible bilateral equinus in a 45-year-old patient with poliomyelitis sequelae, starting with orthoses and orthopedic shoes, followed by prostheses. We measured the evolution of the patient's spatiotemporal gait parameters, his autonomy, and his satisfaction with a QUEST score.

Findings and outcomes:
Despite the deterioration of the patient's physical abilities due to the onset of a postpoliomyelitis syndrome, his gait parameters and his autonomy were maintained while using the prostheses. His tolerance of the prostheses improved even more greatly, as shown by his QUEST score, which increased from 2.95 to 4.67 of 5.

Conclusion:
The use of prostheses was at least as effective and even better tolerated than orthoses and orthopedic shoes by this patient. Despite the occurrence of a postpoliomyelitis syndrome, the prostheses helped to maintain his walking performances, while improving his satisfaction.
Association Between Enlarged Genital Hiatus and Composite Surgical Failure After Vaginal Hysterectomy With Uterosacral Ligament Suspension
Authors: Bradley Megan S. , Sridhar Amaanti , Ferrante Kimberly , Andy Uduak U. , Visco Anthony G. , Florian-Rodriguez Maria E. , Myers Deborah , Varner Edward , Mazloomdoost Donna , Gantz Marie G. ,   for the NICHD Pelvic Floor Disorders Network
Published: January 2023

Importance
The impact of a persistently enlarged genital hiatus (GH) after vaginal hysterectomy with uterosacral ligament suspension on prolapse outcomes is currently unclear.

Objectives
This secondary analysis of the Study of Uterine Prolapse Procedures Randomized trial was conducted among participants who underwent vaginal hysterectomy with uterosacral ligament suspension. We hypothesized that women with a persistently enlarged GH size would have a higher proportion of prolapse recurrence.

Study Design
Women who underwent vaginal hysterectomy with uterosacral ligament suspension as part of the Study of Uterine Prolapse Procedures Randomized trial (NCT01802281) were divided into 3 groups based on change in their preoperative to 4- to 6-week postoperative GH measurements: (1) persistently enlarged GH, 2) improved GH, or (3) stably normal GH. Baseline characteristics and 2-year surgical outcomes were compared across groups. A logistic regression model for composite surgical failure controlling for advanced anterior wall prolapse and GH group was fitted.

Results
This secondary analysis included 81 women. The proportion with composite surgical failure was significantly higher among those with a persistently enlarged GH (50%) compared with a stably normal GH (12%) with an unadjusted risk difference of 38% (95% confidence interval, 4%–68%). When adjusted for advanced prolapse in the anterior compartment at baseline, the odds of composite surgical failure was 6 times higher in the persistently enlarged GH group compared with the stably normal group (95% confidence interval, 1.0–37.5; P = 0.06).

Conclusion
A persistently enlarged GH after vaginal hysterectomy with uterosacral ligament suspension for pelvic organ prolapse may be a risk factor for recurrent prolapse.
Effect of Kegel Exercises on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Young Gymnasts: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Rodríguez-Longobardo Celia , Guadalupe-Grau Amelia , Gómez-Ruano Miguel Ángel , López-Torres Olga 
Published: January 2023

Importance
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) have been shown to exist in young athletes. The use of pelvic floor muscle training as a preventive strategy at an early age may be useful to avoid possible pelvic floor dysfunction in the future.

Objectives
The aim of the study was to describe LUTS in underaged gymnasts. We also aimed to evaluate the effects of a 12-week Kegel exercise intervention for LUTS and urinary incontinence (UI) and their relationship to bother.

Study Design
A quasi-experimental (nonrandomized, noncontrolled) pre-post study was conducted. Nineteen gymnasts with a mean age of 13.21 ± 1.84 were selected from a gymnastics club in Madrid, Spain. Outcomes of LUTS and quality of life were measured using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms validated questionnaire at baseline and at the end of the 12-week intervention.

Results
The participants presented with certain LUTS such as urgency UI (57.7%) or stress UI (47.4%), which negatively affect their daily lives by feeling annoyed in various aspects (when practicing gymnastics, getting up during the night to urinate or feeling bladder pain among others). No significant differences in LUTS and quality of life variables were observed after the exercise intervention (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
A high prevalence of LUTS was observed in a sample of underaged high-level gymnasts. The 12-week Kegel exercise intervention did not significantly reduce the presence of pelvic floor problems and even intensified some of them, probably because of an increased awareness. Pelvic floor muscle training as a preventive strategy at an early age seems to be necessary to avoid possible pelvic floor dysfunction in the future.
GABA-mediated inhibition in visual feedback neurons fine-tunesDrosophilamale courtship
Authors: Mabuchi Yuta , Cui Xinyue , Xie Lily , Kim Haein , Jiang Tianxing , Yapici Nilay 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYVision is critical for the regulation of mating behaviors in many species. Here, we discovered that theDrosophilaortholog of human GABAA-receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) is required to fine-tune male courtship by modulating the activity of visual feedback neurons, lamina tangential cells (Lat). GABARAP is a ubiquitin-like protein that regulates cell-surface levels of GABAAreceptors. Knocking downGABARAPorGABAAreceptorsin Lat neurons or hyperactivating them induces male courtship toward other males. Inhibiting Lat neurons, on the other hand, delays copulation by impairing the ability of males to follow females. Remarkably, the human ortholog ofDrosophilaGABARAP restores function in Lat neurons. Usingin vivotwo-photon imaging and optogenetics, we show that Lat neurons are functionally connected to neural circuits that mediate visually-guided courtship pursuits in males. Our work reveals a novel physiological role for GABARAP in fine-tuning the activity of a visual circuit that tracks a mating partner during courtship.
Ability or morality? Exploring the multiple dimensions of social trust on public acceptance of urban transport infrastructure projects
Authors: Wang Yang , He Xingpeng , Zuo Jian , Rameezdeen Raufdeen 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThe public's trust in the authorities has a great impact on people's perception and cognition on development of different types of urban transport infrastructure projects (UTIPs). Given the importance of public acceptance for the efficient construction and operation of UTIPs, this study aims at investigating the personal and environmental factors that influence public acceptance behavior from the perspective of stakeholder management.Design/methodology/approachBased on social cognitive theory (SCT), this study explores the multiple dimensions of social trust on public acceptance in the development of UTIPs by a comparative case study. Two types of UTIPs, a metro railway and a bridge in the Wuhan City, China, were selected as cases, with a questionnaire distributed among the public to collect their sense of trust towards the development of these projects. The data were analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM).FindingsThis study reveals that social trust positively influences public acceptance, directly or indirectly through perceived benefit and -risks and self-efficacy. However, the emphasis on social trust about competence and integrity of the authorities varies with the types of projects. Self-efficacy worked as the “mirror of trust” reflecting people's attitude towards social trust in the authorities on their ability and morality.Originality/valueThe value of the paper lies in discussing social trust from multiple dimensions in the field of urban infrastructures, which provides new insights into specific mechanisms for shaping public acceptance in project management towards the development of UTIPs.
Incidence and prevalence of drugs used for chronic diseases in survivors of adult‐onset gynaecological cancer – A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Bjørge Tone , Hjellvik Vidar , Bjørge Line , dos‐Santos‐Silva Isabel , Furu Kari , Kvåle Rune , Engeland Anders 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate both incidence and prevalence of drugs used for chronic diseases in survivors of adult‐onset gynaecological cancer.DesignA prospective study.SettingPopulation‐based registries.Population1.76 million women, including 17 500 women with gynaecological cancers.MethodsData from the Cancer Registry of Norway was linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database and other national databases.Main Outcome MeasuresPrevalence ratios (PRs) and hazard ratios (HRs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), of dispensed drugs in gynaecological cancer patients (up to 15 years after diagnosis) were estimated by log‐binomial and Cox regression, respectively, with cancer‐free women as reference.ResultsFor gynaecological cancer patients, the incidence of drugs used for pain control was higher than in cancer‐free women, especially the first 5 years after diagnosis, and the prevalence was high at least 10 years after. The prevalence of sex hormones was high in women with gynaecological cancer at least 10 years after diagnosis (cervical and ovarian cancer PR = 23, 95% CI 18–30 and PR = 24, 95% CI 15–38, respectively), but low in cancer‐free women (0.3%). Patients with uterine corpus cancer had a higher prevalence of antidiabetics before and at least 10 years after diagnosis, most pronounced in women diagnosed before age 50 (PR = 10, 95% CI 5.0–21). The prevalence of antidepressants was moderately elevated in women with gynaecological cancers.ConclusionsGynaecological cancer survivors, particularly cervical and ovarian cancer survivors, had an increased long‐term use of drugs for pain control and sex hormones. Survivors of uterine corpus cancer used antidiabetics more often, both before and after diagnosis.
Assessment of incidence of cerebral vascular diseases and prediction of stroke risk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients using multimodal biomarkers
Authors: Badr Marwa Y. , Elkholy Amira A. , Shoeib Sara M. , Bahey Marwa G. , Mohamed Esraa A. , Reda Alaa M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundEarly assessment of cerebrovascular disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients is an important issue for a favorable influence on the quality of life.MethodologyThis cross‐sectional case–control study was conducted on 38 eligible COPD patients (mean age 55.5 ± 11.5, 25 males, and 13 females) and 26 age‐/sex‐matched healthy controls. All participants were subjected to stroke risk screening instruments that included the Stroke Riskometer™, the Framingham 10‐Year Risk Score, the stroke risk screening tool (the Department of Disease Control of Thailand), the My Risk Stroke Calculator, and Q Stroke. Radiologically, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and echo‐gradient MRI (T2 star) T2 star imaging were done. Color‐coded duplex sonography was done. Laboratory investigations included C‐reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A, plasma fibrinogen level, serum IL6, 8‐Isoprostane, vWF and urinary albumin creatinine ratio.ResultsStroke risk screening instruments revealed a significant increase in COPD patients. DTI showed a significant bilateral reduction in fractional isotropy and a significant bilateral increase in mean diffusivity of white matter through many areas in COPD patients. Patients also had a significant increase of intima–media thickness, presence of atherosclerotic focal thicknesses or plaques on duplex sonography. There was a significant elevation of CRP, serum amyloid A, plasma fibrinogen level, serum IL6, 8‐isoprostane, von Willebrand factor (vWF), and urinary albumin creatinine ratio in COPD patients.ConclusionCOPD patients had an increased risk for stroke that could be assessed on stroke risk screening instruments, DTI, T2 star, duplex sonography, and laboratory investigation and could be correlated with the severity of the disease.
The best insulin delivery is a human pancreas
Authors: McCune Kasi , Owen‐Simon Nina , Dube Geoffrey K , Ratner Lloyd E 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeWe wanted to compare glycemic control post pancreas transplantation with newer therapeutic options.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of pancreas transplantation at our institution from January 1, 2008, through September 30, 2021. All patients who underwent pancreatic transplantation were 18 years and older. We compared pre‐transplant glycemic control of those patients, whether self‐monitoring or continuous glucose monitor to their post‐transplant glycemic control. Outcomes were assessed by HgbA1C level at evaluation (eval), pretransplant (pre), within the first 5 months posttransplant (post) and 1 year post transplant (1 year).ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐four patients underwent pancreas transplantation during the 14‐year study period. Overall, 1‐year patient and graft survival were 95% and 88%. The mean HgbA1C (%) for eval and pre were 8.5(SD ± 1.7) and 8.3(SD ± 1.7), which was significantly higher than post, and 1 year at 5.1(SD ± .6, p < .01) and 5.2(SD ± .6, p < .01). Of those, 38 patients presented with continuous glucose monitors (CGM) +/− pump. Their mean HgbA1C(%) was 8.2(SD ± 1.5) at eval 8.1(SD ± 1.3). These were also significantly higher than post 5.0(SD ± .6, p < .01), and 1 year 5.1(SD ± .5, p < .01).ConclusionPancreas transplant provides superior glycemic control to continuous glucose monitoring and remains the optimal therapy for appropriately selected patients with diabetes.
Dual living donor organ transplants
Authors: Gruessner Rainer W. G. , Gruessner Angelika C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionDual organ donation and transplantation from living donors (LDs) is a rare practice. Dual organ transplants can be done from the same LD or from different LDs and either simultaneously or sequentially. Simultaneous dual organ transplants from the same LD are of considerable concern due to the magnitude of the donor procedure.Methods and ResultsAccording to the UNOS/OPTN and IPTR databases, the US experience of LD dual organ transplants from 1981 to 2021 comprised 101 simultaneous or sequential dual organ transplants from the same LD and 111 transplants from different LDs for a total of 212 LD dual transplants. The first simultaneous or sequential dual organ transplants from either the same LD or different LDs were pancreas‐kidney transplants (n = 92). Four additional LD organ transplant combinations have been performed in the United States: liver‐kidney (n = 93), lung‐kidney (n = 16), liver‐intestine (n = 9), and intestine‐kidney (n = 2). Only for dual pancreas‐kidney (n = 49) and liver‐intestinal transplants (n = 4), organs from the same LD have been procured simultaneously. Importantly, no donor deaths have been reported after any simultaneous or sequential procurement. LD dual organ outcomes in all recipient categories have been excellent.ConclusionsLD dual organ donation and transplantation is safe and successful. Any potential dual organ LD candidate must be subject to the highest level of evaluation scrutiny. A (dual) organ donor registry is warranted for long‐term follow‐up.
Histopathological features of human mpox: Report of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Ortins‐Pina Ana , Hegemann Bernd , Saggini Andrea , Deml Karl‐Friedrich , Wallerius Kerstin , Hörster Stefan , Kraft Stefan , Weyers Wolfgang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHuman monkeypox is an emerging zoonosis with epidemic potential. Although it usually causes a mild disease, some patients are at risk for complications, including death. In face of the current outbreak of monkeypox in non‐endemic areas, awareness is paramount to diagnose it timely, prompting an early break of the transmission chain. Histopathologic findings in vesiculopustular lesions of monkeypox are distinctive, consisting of ballooning and reticular degeneration of keratinocytes, necrosis, especially of the upper portions of the epithelium, multinucleation of keratinocytes, nuclear enlargement showing a “basophilic halo” around a “ground glass” eosinophilic center, the orthopoxvirus‐specific cytoplasmic eosinophilic Guarnieri‐type inclusions (in the pustular stage especially), and a dense mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate with prominent neutrophil exocytosis. The diagnosis of human monkeypox requires a high index of suspicion. In correlation with clinical information, histopathological findings allow for a presumptive diagnosis of monkeypox if polymerase chain reaction testing is not available. Both clinicians and pathologists can optimize diagnostic sensitivity, respectively, by considering the epidemiological context, sampling pustular lesions and providing data for clinicopathological correlation, and by intentionally searching the tell‐tale eosinophilic inclusions in genital, anal and oral lesions with reticular and ballooning degenerescence.
Atretic cephalocele and encephalocele: A single‐institution clinicopathological study
Authors: Lang‐Orsini Melanie , Champion Samantha N. , Duhaime Ann‐Christine , Rapalino Otto , Hedley‐Whyte E. Tessa , Louis David N. , Nazarian Rosalynn M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundEncephaloceles are neural tube defects characterized by herniation of meninges, neural tissue and cerebrospinal fluid, while atretic cephaloceles denote a rudimentary connection to the intracranial space with absence of herniated neural tissue and represent an infrequent dermatopathologic diagnosis. Limited reports of these entities confound the challenge in their histopathologic distinction. Accurate classification is important given associated anomalies and neurologic manifestations that impact prognosis.MethodsWe describe the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical [glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and somatostatin receptor subtype 2A (SSTR2A)] features in a retrospective series encountered at a single institution between 1994 and 2020.ResultsWe identified 13 cases classified as atretic cephalocele (n = 11) and encephalocele (n = 2). Hamartomatous changes and multinucleated cells were unique to atretic cephaloceles while myxoid areas were unique to encephaloceles. At least focal staining for SSTRA was seen in all atretic cephaloceles with the majority (87.5%) staining for EMA; negative staining for GFAP and S100 confirmed absence of neural tissue. Encephaloceles were GFAP and S100 positive, and negative for SSTR2 and EMA. Atretic cephaloceles had a favorable prognosis compared to encephaloceles, with severe morbidity present in both encephalocele cases.ConclusionOur study raises awareness of atretic cephalocele and encephalocele among dermatopathologists and reveals a mutually exclusive immunophenotype that facilitates their distinction for prognostication and management.
Cardiovascular outcomes trial data from EMPA‐REG OUTCOME, CAROLINA and CARMELINA: Assessment of a novel staging system for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Dar Moahad S. , Wanner Christoph , Marx Nikolaus , Ofstad Anne Pernille , Mattheus Michaela , Kaspers Stefan , Bég Sami A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsTo apply the diabetes staging system (DSS), a novel disease staging system similar to what is used in oncology but designed to improve diabetes management, to three large type 2 diabetes (T2D) cardiovascular (CV) outcome trials to assess whether increasing DSS stage was associated with higher rates of all‐cause mortality (ACM) and/or CV death.Materials and MethodsThe DSS uses discrete CV events (none to ≥3: Stage 1 to 4), end‐stage kidney disease (Stage 5) and microvascular complications (none to 3: A to D) to determine disease stage in individuals with T2D. The DSS stage for patients from the CAROLINA, EMPA‐REG OUTCOME and CARMELINA trials was determined. Incidence rates for ACM/CV death were calculated across DSS stages and Cox regression analyses were performed.ResultsThe risk of ACM or CV death increased with increasing DSS (Stage 1 to 5; P for trend <0.0001) in all trials. In CAROLINA, the risk of ACM and CV death increased with increasing number of microvascular complications (A to D; both P for trend <0.0001), similar in CARMELINA (P for trend = 0.0020 and 0.0005, respectively). In EMPA‐REG OUTCOME, having all three microvascular complications (Stage D), versus none, increased the risk of ACM and CV death (P = 0.0015 and 0.0010, respectively).ConclusionsApplying the DSS across T2D clinical trial populations with different CV risk revealed a significantly increased risk of ACM and CV death with higher DSS stage. The DSS may merit assessment in other T2D populations and evaluation of the impact of additional outcomes, such as heart failure, could also be worthwhile.
Incident and recurrent hypoglycaemia with linagliptin and glimepiride over a median of 6 years in the CAROLINA cardiovascular outcome trial
Authors: Rosenstock Julio , Kolkailah Ahmed A. , McGuire Darren K. , Espeland Mark A. , Mattheus Michaela , Pfarr Egon , Lund Søren S. , Marx Nikolaus ,   the CAROLINA Investigators
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimThe CAROLINA trial established non‐inferiority of linagliptin versus glimepiride for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with relatively early type 2 diabetes at increased cardiovascular risk. In pre‐specified and post‐hoc analyses, we investigated treatment effects on total hypoglycaemic burden in CAROLINA.Materials and methodsPatients were randomized and treated with 5 mg linagliptin (n = 3014) or 1‐4 mg glimepiride (n = 3000) once daily added to standard care. Hypoglycaemia captured from investigator‐reported adverse events was analysed with Poisson and negative binomial regressions for the first and total (first plus recurrent) events, respectively. The influence of insulin initiation and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) change on the treatment effect for hypoglycaemia was also explored.ResultsOver 6.3 years median follow‐up, average HbA1c over time did not differ between linagliptin versus glimepiride (weighted mean difference [95% confidence interval]: 0.00%, [−0.05, 0.05]), nor did insulin initiation (18.6% vs. 19.2% of patients, respectively), whereas body weight was lower with linagliptin (−1.54 kg, [−1.80, −1.28]). Hypoglycaemia frequency was lower with linagliptin across all hypoglycaemia categories, including severe episodes. Rate ratios (95% confidence interval) for first and total events for investigator‐reported hypoglycaemia were 0.21 (0.19‐0.24) and 0.12 (0.10‐0.14), respectively, with 8.7 first and 60.8 total estimated events prevented/100 patient‐years with linagliptin versus glimepiride. These differences occurred during night‐time and daytime, and in subgroup analyses of total events. Treatment differences in hypoglycaemia were neither impacted by HbA1c changes nor insulin initiation.ConclusionsAcross the severity spectrum, linagliptin substantially reduced the hypoglycaemic burden versus glimepiride in patients with relatively early type 2 diabetes at increased cardiovascular risk.