bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online partner seeking and high-risk behaviour in men who have sex with men and male-to-female transgendered people in Mumbai, India: Implications for prevention strategies
Authors: Acharya Shrikala , Karanjkar Vijay , Chougule Smita , Katkar Sachendra , Patil Shashikant , Dwivedi Vivek , Deshpande Prashant , Setia Maninder Singh 
Published: April 2023

Background
It is important to understand the current internet-related sexual behaviours of high-risk groups such as men who have sex with men (MSM). We designed the present study to understand the types of online/mobile apps used by MSM and male-to-female transgendered people/hijras [TGH] in Mumbai, India. We also compared the internet-related ‘partner seeking’ and ‘sexual behaviours’ in MSM and TGH in Mumbai, India.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional analysis of secondary data collected (April to June 2020) from 8582 MSM and 4163 TGH from five targeted intervention programmes each in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Data on demographics, years of association with the intervention, number and type of online/mobile apps used, sexual behaviours including partners from virtual space and non-virtual (physical) space, group sex, attending parties, mobility for sexual partners, and HIV status were collected.

Results
MSM were more likely to have mobile phone (88% vs 51%, p < 0.001) and internet access over the phone (78% vs 27%; p < 0.001) compared with TGH. The common apps used by MSM were Grindr (48%), Facebook (42%), and Blued (36%). MSM were more likely to have partners from virtual space (91% vs 67%; p < 0.001). A higher proportion of MSM had attended parties (28% vs 2%; p < 0.001), had group sex (16% vs 6%; p < 0.001), and were mobile for sex (25% vs 4%). MSM and TGH who had partners from virtual space were significantly more likely to report ‘missed a condom at least once during penetrative sex in the past one week’ (17% vs 12%; p<0.001). In HIV positive MSM, group sex, parties, and mobility for sex, were only in those who reported partners from the virtual space.

Conclusions
Internet-based interventions for MSM should be incorporated in the existing targeted intervention programme and outreach workers should be trained in virtual outreach services. Among TGH, given the low reach and use of smartphones and apps, internet-based interventions may not be such a useful option, and the existing physical targeted intervention programmes should be strengthened.
Predatory Fleas, Sterile Flies, and the Settlers
Authors: Shani Liron 
Published: April 2023

In this essay, I follow predatory fleas, sterile flies, and other insects, as well as farmers, across the Arava/Arabah, an arid desert region in southern Israel/Palestine, south of the Dead Sea, marked by harsh environmental conditions. Following a four-year ethnographic study, I examine the ecological and political impacts of Zionist settlement in the area and the fluidity of definitions of alien/native species. I use the term agricultural infrastructure to describe the network of connections that make agriculture possible—wells, pipes, and “beneficial” insects—as part of a theoretical framework that integrates both the human and non-human in the Anthropocene era, while also examining the challenges posed by environmental and agricultural transformation. Agricultural infrastructure is shown in this piece as a political enterprise: it establishes hierarchical boundaries between communities and strengthens land control while maintaining and establishing boundaries between humans and non-humans, often resulting in compounding ecological harm. Yet the use of the term agricultural infrastructure within a given context of settler colonialism contributes a more nuanced approach than dichotomous contrasts between alien versus native, settler versus local.

תקציר

במאמר זה אני עוקב אחר פרעושים טורפים, זבובים מעוקרים וחרקים אחרים, כמו גם אחרי החקלאים עצמם, ברחבי הערבה, אזור מדברי צחיח בדרום ישראל/פלסטין, דרומית לים המלח, המאופיין בתנאי סביבה קשים. בעזרת מחקר אתנוגרפי בן ארבע שנים, אני בוחן את ההשפעות האקולוגיות והפוליטיות של ההתיישבות באזור ואת נזילות ההגדרות של מינים זרים/ילידים. אני משתמש במונח “תשתית חקלאית” כדי לתאר את רשת הקשרים המאפשרים חקלאות - קידוחים, צינורות וחרקים “מועילים” - כחלק ממסגרת תיאורטית המשלבת הן את האנושי והן את הלא אנושי בעידן האנתרופוקן, יחד עם בחינת האתגרים שמציבים השינוי הסביבתי והחקלאי. “תשתית חקלאית” מוצגת במאמר זה כמפעל פוליטי: היא קובעת גבולות היררכיים בין קהילות ומחזקת את השליטה בקרקע תוך שמירה וביסוס של גבולות אנושיים והלא אנושיים, מה שגורם לרוב לפגיעה אקולוגית מורכבת. אך השימוש ב”תשתית חקלאית” בהקשר נתון של קולוניאליזם התיישבותי מאפשר גישה יותר ניואנסית מאשר ניגודים דיכוטומיים כמו זר מול יליד, או מתיישב מול מקומי.
Feeding the Soul: Voices of Kentucky Women Combating Child Hunger
Authors: Price Mya 
Published: April 2023

This study addresses the overarching topic of food insecurity by giving voice to individuals who dedicate their careers to combating child food insecurity throughout their communities. Voices are uplifted through the representation of narratives by volunteer coordinators overseeing child feeding programs, which have been established throughout Kentucky as an effort to help alleviate child hunger. This study is guided by London’s theory on career motivation. The outcomes of this study serve as a pilot for future research centered on individuals working to combat child food insecurity. The narratives collected from this study will be used as a resource for generating public conversation, spreading awareness, and to “tell the story “In regards to child hunger across Kentucky.
Null subject acquisition in L2 Chinese speakers: a case study on English L1 speakers
Authors: Casentini Marco , Frascarelli Mara , Carella Giorgio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the acquisition of null subjects (henceforth NSs) in (radical pro-drop) Chinese by learners whose native language is (non-pro-drop) English – henceforth ELs – working within the ‘topic chain’ information-structural approach. Our main goal is to verify whether a learner’s proficiency level can have an impact on the interpretation and acceptability of embedded NSs when more than one head is proposed for the relevant topic chain in different structural contexts (i.e., complements of bridge and factive verbs). The results of a pilot experimental test suggest that the requirement for a minimal overt link (MOLC) in the relevant chain plays an important role for ELs with a lower proficiency level. Conversely, MOLC restrictions do not affect ELs with a higher proficiency. Furthermore, the results show that ELs can correctly distinguish between complements of bridge and factive verbs already at an HSK 3 level. As for interpretation, results suggest that contextual information cannot supersede structural constraints for ELs. However, since a clash with contextual information seems to not affect acceptability for ELs, contrary to Chinese Native Speakers, we propose that even HSK 5 students have not fully acquired the competence for managing NSs in a radical language such as Chinese.
Do learners use different topical progression patterns in L2 Chinese argumentative spoken and written discourse?
Authors: Liao Jianling 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe current study examines how L2 Chinese learners develop their topics in spoken and written discourse. Currently, researchers have mainly analyzed topical progression features in written texts. Topical progression in speech is rarely examined. We know little about whether learners may advance their topics differently in spoken and written discourse. The current study investigates how advanced Chinese learners apply topical progressions, such as parallel or sequential progression, in argumentative spoken and written discourse, respectively. The study also examines how various topical progressions may relate to the holistic qualities of spoken and written discourse. Topical progression features were analyzed using the Topical Structure Analysis framework. The results showed significant differences in the use of new sequential and related sequential progressions between the two types of discourse. The case study analysis results revealed a multi-Zand single-Ztopical movement pattern for higher-score and lower-score performances, respectively.
How do the component skills affect Chinese FL reading comprehension? A study based on ridge regression analysis
Authors: Zhong Kai , Wong Ling Yann , Yong Mei Fung , Ng Boon Sim 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of reading components (including Chinese character knowledge, morphological knowledge, vocabulary knowledge, grammar knowledge, and lexical inference) on the reading comprehension of 44 Malaysian child learners of Chinese as a foreign language (CFL). Measures of Chinese character knowledge, morphological knowledge, receptive vocabulary, vocabulary synonym, lexical inference, word order, grammatical judgment, and reading comprehension were used. Drawing upon ridge regression, the study found that grammar knowledge (measured by word order and grammatical judgment) had the largest effect on reading comprehension, followed by morphological knowledge and vocabulary knowledge (measured by receptive vocabulary and vocabulary synonym). Lexical inference and Chinese character knowledge had the least effects on reading comprehension. The findings of the study are discussed with pedagogical implications and future research suggestions.
𝐾-invariant Hilbert modules and singular vector bundles on bounded symmetric domains
Authors: Upmeier Harald 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe show that the “eigenbundle” (localization bundle) of certain Hilbert modules over bounded symmetric domains of rank 𝑟 is a “singular” vector bundle (linearly fibred complex analytic space) which decomposes as a stratified sum of homogeneous vector bundles along a canonical stratification of lengthr+1r+1. The fibres are realized in terms of representation theory on the normal space of the strata.
A multiorder feature tracking and explanation strategy for explainable deep learning
Authors: Zheng Lin , Lin Yixuan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A good AI algorithm can make accurate predictions and provide reasonable explanations for the field in which it is applied. However, the application of deep models makes the black box problem, i.e., the lack of interpretability of a model, more prominent. In particular, when there are multiple features in an application domain and complex interactions between these features, it is difficult for a deep model to intuitively explain its prediction results. Moreover, in practical applications, multiorder feature interactions are ubiquitous. To break the interpretation limitations of deep models, we argue that a multiorder linearly separable deep model can be divided into different orders to explain its prediction results. Inspired by the interpretability advantage of tree models, we design a feature representation mechanism that can consistently represent the features of both trees and deep models. Based on the consistent representation, we propose a multiorder feature-tracking strategy to provide a prediction-oriented multiorder explanation for a linearly separable deep model. In experiments, we have empirically verified the effectiveness of our approach in two binary classification application scenarios: education and marketing. Experimental results show that our model can intuitively represent complex relationships between features through diversified multiorder explanations.
Automatic adaptive weighted fusion of features-based approach for plant disease identification
Authors: Kirti  , Rajpal Navin , Vishwakarma Virendra P. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
With the rapid expansion in plant disease detection, there has been a progressive increase in the demand for more accurate systems. In this work, we propose a new method combining color information, edge information, and textural information to identify diseases in 14 different plants. A novel 3-branch architecture is proposed containing the color information branch, an edge information branch, and a textural information branch extracting the textural information with the help of the central difference convolution network (CDCN). ResNet-18 was chosen as the base architecture of the deep neural network (DNN). Unlike the traditional DNNs, the weights adjust automatically during the training phase and provide the best of all the ratios. The experiments were performed to determine individual and combinational features’ contribution to the classification process. Experimental results of the PlantVillage database with 38 classes show that the proposed method has higher accuracy, i.e., 99.23%, than the existing feature fusion methods for plant disease identification.
El efecto del refuerzo de /b d ɡ/ en la percepción de acento extranjero en español
Authors: DiBartolomeo Megan , Melero-García Fernando 
Published: April 2023

Resumen
El presente estudio examina si el refuerzo de los fonemas /b d ɡ/ en posición intervocálica afecta a la percepción de estos sonidos como acento no nativo en español. Se parte de la hipótesis de que los alófonos más aproximantes de /b d ɡ/ serán percibidos como variantes más nativas del español, mientras que los alófonos más reforzados serán percibidos como menos nativos del español ya que la lenición o espirantización de estos fonemas en posición intervocálica se ha descrito como un fenómeno prácticamente sistemático en español, pero no en otras lenguas como el inglés (Hualde, José Ignacio. 2014. Los sonidos del español. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). El refuerzo fue operacionalizado en función del grado de oclusión y duración de /b d ɡ/. Se crearon 54 estímulos que contenían instancias de /b d ɡ/ intervocálicas con diferentes grados de oclusión y duración, los cuales fueron transferidos a una tarea de percepción que fue completada por 22 participantes dominicanos y 51 participantes estadounidenses matriculados en programas universitarios de español tanto de posgrado como de grado. Los participantes evaluaron cuán nativo o extranjero sonaba cada estímulo usando una escala de Likert. Los resultados confirman nuestra hipótesis, y las implicaciones de estos resultados se comentan en detalle en este artículo.
Antiproliferative activity of Malus sylvestris Miller against HepG2 cell line with their antioxidant properties and phenolic composition
Authors: Vuran Neşe Eray , Kartal Deniz İrtem , Çelik İsmail 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro antiproliferative activities of Malus sylvestris Miller (MS) ethanolic and water extracts against HepG2 cells together with their antioxidant and phytochemical profiles.

Methods
The extracts’ antioxidant capacity was assessed by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) methods and the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured spectrophotometrically. The antiproliferative activities of extracts were tested via XTT colorimetric assay. The phenolic compounds in the extracts were analyzed using HPLC-DAD analysis.

Results
The most abundant phenolic compounds in both extract types were rutin, chlorogenic and gallic acid. In parallel to the phenolic composition, the ethanolic extracts showed the higher antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content than the water extracts. The ethanolic extracts displayed 4.5-fold more antiproliferative activity than the water extracts against HepG2 cells. The IC50 values for the ethanolic and water extracts of MS were 0.86 and 3.95 mg/mL, respectively.

Conclusions
These results contributed to the understanding of the cytotoxic potential of MS. Since wild apple exhibited strong cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells, it may be used as a natural agent to treat cancer and the further studies are needed to reveal the effects of wild apple on cancer.
Hypothalamic Supramammillary Nucleus Selectively Excites Hippocampal CA3 Interneurons to Suppress CA3 Pyramidal Neuron Activity
Authors: Li Minghua , Kinney Jessica L. , Jiang Yu-Qiu , Lee Daniel K. , Wu Qiwen , Lee Daehoon , Xiong Wen-Cheng , Sun Qian 
Published: April 2023

A key mode of neuronal communication between distant brain regions is through excitatory synaptic transmission mediated by long-range glutamatergic projections emitted from principal neurons. The long-range glutamatergic projection normally forms numerousen passantexcitatory synapses onto both principal neurons and interneurons along its path. Under physiological conditions, the monosynaptic excitatory drive onto postsynaptic principal neurons outweighs disynaptic feedforward inhibition, with the net effect of depolarizing principal neurons. In contrast with this conventional doctrine, here we report that a glutamatergic projection from the hypothalamic supramammillary nucleus (SuM) largely evades postsynaptic pyramidal neurons (PNs), but preferentially target interneurons in the hippocampal CA3 region to predominantly provide feedforward inhibition. Using viral-based retrograde and anterograde tracing and ChannelRhodopsin2 (ChR2)-assisted patch-clamp recording in mice of either sex, we show that SuM projects sparsely to CA3 and provides minimal excitation onto CA3 PNs. Surprisingly, despite its sparse innervation, the SuM input inhibits all CA3 PNs along the transverse axis. Further, we find that SuM provides strong monosynaptic excitation onto CA3 parvalbumin-expressing interneurons evenly along the transverse axis, which likely mediates the SuM-driven feedforward inhibition. Together, our results demonstrate that a novel long-range glutamatergic pathway largely evades principal neurons, but rather preferentially innervates interneurons in a distant brain region to suppress principal neuron activity. Moreover, our findings reveal a new means by which SuM regulates hippocampal activity through SuM-to-CA3 circuit, independent of the previously focused projections from SuM to CA2 or dentate gyrus.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe dominant mode of neuronal communication between brain regions is the excitatory synaptic transmission mediated by long-range glutamatergic projections, which formen passantexcitatory synapses onto both pyramidal neurons and interneurons along its path. Under normal conditions, the excitation onto postsynaptic neurons outweighs feedforward inhibition, with the net effect of depolarization. In contrast with this conventional doctrine, here we report that a glutamatergic input from hypothalamic supramammillary nucleus (SuM) largely evades PNs but selectively targets interneurons to almost exclusively provide disynaptic feedforward inhibition onto hippocampal CA3 PNs. Thus, our findings reveal a novel subcortical-hippocampal circuit that enables SuM to regulate hippocampal activity via SuM-CA3 circuit, independent of its projections to CA2 or dentate gyrus.
Prevalencia de Giardia lamblia en escolares y en otras subpoblaciones peruanas (1990-2018): una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis
Authors: Cabrera Rufino , Vargas-Herrera Javier , Whittembury Alvaro 
Published: April 2023

El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia y distribución de Giardia lamblia en la población peruana entre 1990 y 2018. Se realizó una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de estudios transversales. Se incluyeron estudios originales sobre prevalencia de G. lamblia, parasitismo intestinal o estudios de cohorte que incluían datos de prevalencia; diagnosticados por examen parasitológico, detección de antígenos, PCR o análisis genético, publicados entre 1990 y 2018 en español, inglés, portugués o francés y realizados en humanos. Las búsquedas se realizaron en PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, ScieELO, LIPECS, Google Académico y ALICIA. El análisis de heterogeneidad se realizó mediante la prueba de Q de Cochrane y el sesgo de publicación mediante el método de Egger con el software StatsDirect v. 3.2.7. Se incluyeron 33 fuentes que tenían información de 37 estudios donde participaron 10 109 individuos. La prevalencia combinada por el método de efectos aleatorios en los 37 estudios fue 30.4% IC95% (25.2-35.8); sin embargo, al análisis en el subgrupo en preescolares y escolares en 26 estudios fue 29.1% IC95% (24.5-34.0). De cada 100 personas, 30 tenían G. lamblia y de cada 100 pre-escolares y escolares, 29 tenían el parásito. La estimación de la prevalencia de acuerdo con el sexo y al área de residencia no son concluyentes. No se encontraron suficientes estudios en otras 7 subpoblaciones para estimar la prevalencia de G. lamblia.
Water quality characteristics of Vanderkloof Dam and its potential for rainbow trout farming
Authors: KG Seanego  , GC Pitcher  , TA Probyn  , A Du Randt  , LM Mansfield  
Published: April 2023

Vanderkloof Dam was periodically sampled between November 2014 and April 2016 for a range of water quality parameters to assess the potential for cage culture of rainbow trout, Oncorhyncus mykiss. The dam is strongly stratified in summer and autumn, although upper water column temperatures remain relatively cool, largely <25°C. The dam is considered oligotrophic, characterised by phosphorus limitation of primary production, particularly during summer. Light is strongly attenuated in the epilimnion and heterotrophic community metabolism is observed through much of the water column. Surface nutrients are depleted through the summer with phytoplankton assemblages dominated by the green algae, Oocystis lacustris, Desmodesmus bicaudatus and Coelastrum microporum. The water column turns over during the winter and the nearly isothermal impoundment approaches 11°C. Nutrients are re-introduced into surface waters following winter mixing coincident with an increase in diatoms. The preferred environmental window for rainbow trout becomes severely contracted during the summer in that epilimnion temperatures exceed 21°C and thermocline/hypolimnion oxygen concentrations fall below 3 mg‧L−1. The coincidence of relatively high pH >9.5 could exacerbate these physiological challenges. Hydrological conditions for fish farming are most suitable in the proximity of the dam wall as opposed to further upstream. Here the hypoxic conditions that develop in the thermocline/hypolimnion during summer and autumn are less pronounced, particularly towards the southern bank, where concentrations of total suspended solids are generally <10 mg‧L−1 and water clarity is more favourable for visual feeders such as fish. Although rainbow trout may survive the adverse conditions prevalent during the summer, growth is likely to be compromised and susceptibility to disease may increase.