bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal decline in striatal dopamine transporter binding in Parkinson’s disease: associations with apathy and anhedonia
Authors: Costello Harry , Yamamori Yumeya , Reeves Suzanne , Schrag Anette-Eleonore , Howard Robert , Roiser Jonathan P 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundMotivational symptoms such as apathy and anhedonia are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD), respond poorly to treatment, and are hypothesised to share underlying neural mechanisms. Striatal dopaminergic dysfunction is considered central to motivational symptoms in PD but the association has never been examined longitudinally. We investigated whether progression of dopaminergic dysfunction was associated with emergent apathy and anhedonia symptoms in PD.MethodsLongitudinal cohort study of 412 newly diagnosed patients with PD followed over 5 years as part of the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative cohort.Apathy and anhedonia were measured using a composite score derived from relevant items of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and part I of the MDS-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. Dopaminergic neurodegeneration was measured using repeated striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging.ResultsLinear mixed-effects modelling across all contemporaneous data points identified a significant negative relationship between striatal DAT specific binding ratio (SBR) and apathy/anhedonia symptoms, which emerged as PD progressed (interaction:β=−0.09, 95% CI (−0.15 to -0.03), p=0.002). Appearance and subsequent worsening of apathy/anhedonia symptoms began on average 2 years after diagnosis and below a threshold striatal DAT SBR level. The interaction between striatal DAT SBR and time was specific to apathy/anhedonia symptoms, with no evidence of a similar interaction for general depressive symptoms from the GDS-15 (excluding apathy/anhedonia items) (β=−0.06, 95% CI (−0.13 to 0.01)) or motor symptoms (β=0.20, 95% CI (−0.25 to 0.65)).ConclusionsOur findings support a central role for dopaminergic dysfunction in motivational symptoms in PD. Striatal DAT imaging may be a useful indicator of apathy/anhedonia risk that could inform intervention strategies.
Coverage, completion and outcomes of COVID-19 risk assessments in a multi-ethnic nationwide cohort of UK healthcare workers: a cross-sectional analysis from the UK-REACH Study
Authors: Martin Christopher A , Woolf Katherine , Bryant Luke , Goss Charles , Gogoi Mayuri , Lagrata Susie , Papineni Padmasayee , Qureshi Irtiza , Wobi Fatimah , Nellums Laura , Khunti Kamlesh , Pareek Manish 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionThere are limited data on the outcomes of COVID-19 risk assessment in healthcare workers (HCWs) or the association of ethnicity, other sociodemographic and occupational factors with risk assessment outcomes.MethodsWe used questionnaire data from UK-REACH (UK Research study into Ethnicity And COVID-19 outcomes in Healthcare workers), an ethnically diverse, nationwide cohort of UK HCWs. We derived four binary outcomes: (1) offered a risk assessment; (2) completed a risk assessment; (3) working practices changed as a result of the risk assessment; (4) wanted changes to working practices after risk assessment but working practices did not change.We examined the association of ethnicity, other sociodemographic/occupational factors and actual/perceived COVID-19 risk variables on our outcomes using multivariable logistic regression.Results8649 HCWs were included in total. HCWs from ethnic minority groups were more likely to report being offered a risk assessment than white HCWs, and those from Asian and black ethnic groups were more likely to report having completed an assessment if offered. Ethnic minority HCWs had lower odds of reporting having their work change as a result of risk assessment. Those from Asian and black ethnic groups were more likely to report no changes to their working practices despite wanting them.Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with lower odds of being offered a risk assessment and having adjustments made to working practices.DiscussionWe found differences in risk assessment outcomes by ethnicity, other sociodemographic/occupational factors and actual/perceived COVID-19 risk factors. These findings are concerning and warrant further research using actual (rather than reported) risk assessment outcomes in an unselected cohort.
Tiling with Squares and Packing Dominos in Polynomial Time
Authors: Aamand Anders , Abrahamsen Mikkel , Ahle Thomas D. , Rasmussen Peter M. R. 
Published: May 2023

A polyomino is a polygonal region with axis-parallel edges and corners of integral coordinates, which may have holes. In this paper, we consider planar tiling and packing problems with polyomino pieces and a polyomino container
P
. We give polynomial-time algorithms for deciding if
P
can be tiled with
k
×
k
squares for any fixed
k
which can be part of the input (that is, deciding if
P
is the union of a set of non-overlapping
k × k
squares) and for packing
P
with a maximum number of non-overlapping and axis-parallel
2 × 1
dominos, allowing rotations by 90°. As packing is more general than tiling, the latter algorithm can also be used to decide if
P
can be tiled by 2 × 1 dominos.

These are classical problems with important applications in VLSI design, and the related problem of finding a maximum packing of 2 × 2 squares is known to be NP-hard [
6
]. For our three problems there are known pseudo-polynomial-time algorithms, that is, algorithms with running times polynomial in the
area
or
perimeter
of
P
. However, the standard, compact way to represent a polygon is by listing the coordinates of the corners in binary. We use this representation, and thus present the first polynomial-time algorithms for the problems. Concretely, we give a simple
O(n
log
n
)-time algorithm for tiling with squares, where
n
is the number of corners of
P
. We then give a more involved algorithm that reduces the problems of packing and tiling with dominos to finding a maximum and perfect matching in a graph with
O
(
n
3
) vertices. This leads to algorithms with running times

\(O(n^3 \frac{\log ^3 n}{\log ^2\log n})\)

and

\(O(n^3 \frac{\log ^2 n}{\log \log n})\)

, respectively.
Effects of Dietary Protein-to-Energy Ratios on Growth, Immune Response, Antioxidative Capacity, Liver and Intestinal Histology, and Growth-Related Gene Expression in Hybrid Yellow Catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco
♀
× Pelteobagrus vachelli
♂
)
Authors: Taj Sehrish , Han Quan , Wu Xiaoyi , Yin Haoran , Tian Lixia , Yang Huijun , Liu Yongjian , Huang Junwa 
Published: May 2023

This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of dietary protein-to-energy ratios on the growth, immunological response, antioxidative capacity, liver and intestinal histology, and growth-related gene expression of hybrid yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ♀ × Pelteobagrus vachelli ♂). Eight diets were formulated to form different protein/energy ratios of 84, 88, 90, 93, 95, 96, 99, and 103 mg/kcal (P/E84, P/E88, P/E90, P/E93, P/E95, P/E96, P/E99, and P/E103), respectively. These diets contain different levels of gross energy (GE), ranging from 4.13 to 4.76 kcal g-1. Seven hundred and twenty healthy fish (

17.15
±
0.02

g) were randomly dispersed into 24 rectangular fiberglass tanks with 8 treatments in triplicate groups. The fish fed a P/E ratio of 95 mg/kcal demonstrated the best growth and feed utilization. A significant (

P
<
0.05

) increase in percent weight gain (WG%) and specific growth rate (SGR) was seen as the dietary P/E ratio ameliorated from P/E84 to P/E95, followed by a decreased pattern in these parameters. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and daily feed intake (DFI) were significantly impacted by dietary P/E ratios (

P
<
0.05

). Additionally, an optimum P/E ratio improved intestinal morphology. However, low or high P/E ratio diets can cause oxidative stress, impaired liver function, and significantly reduced nonspecific immunity. The expression of target of rapamycin (TOR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) genes in the liver was considerably influenced by dietary protein-to-energy ratios (

P
<
0.05

). Based on the statistical analysis of WG% against the dietary P/E ratio, the optimal P/E ratio for the studied species was estimated to be 92.92 mg/kcal.
Field Synopsis of Environmental and Genetic Risk Factors of Sporadic Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer and Advanced Adenoma
Authors: Zhang Rongqi , Boakye Daniel , Yang Nan , Zhou Xuan , Zhou Yajing , Jiang Fangyuan , Yu Lili , Wang Lijuan , Sun Jing , Yuan Shuai , Chen Jie , Hamilton Ashleigh C. , Coleman Helen G. , Larsson Susanna C. , Little Julian , Dunlop Malcolm G. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Theodoratou Evropi , Li Xue 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background:
To systematically appraise and synthesize available epidemiologic evidence on the associations of environmental and genetic factors with the risk of sporadic early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) and early-onset advanced colorectal adenoma (EOCRA).

Methods:
Multiple databases were comprehensively searched to identify eligible observational studies. Genotype data from UK Biobank were incorporated to examine their associations with EOCRC in a nested case–control design. Meta-analyses of environmental risk factors were performed, and the strength of evidence was graded based on predefined criteria. Meta-analyses of genetic associations were conducted using the allelic, recessive, and dominant models, respectively.

Results:
A total of 61 studies were included, reporting 120 environmental factors and 62 genetic variants. We found 12 risk factors (current overweight, overweight in adolescence, high waist circumference, smoking, alcohol, sugary beverages intake, sedentary behavior, red meat intake, family history of colorectal cancer, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and metabolic syndrome) and three protective factors (vitamin D, folate, and calcium intake) for EOCRC or EOCRA. No significant associations between the examined genetic variants and EOCRC risk were observed.

Conclusions:
Recent data indicate that the changing patterns of traditional colorectal cancer risk factors may explain the rising incidence of EOCRC. However, research on novel risk factors for EOCRC is limited; therefore, we cannot rule out the possibility of EOCRC having different risk factors than late-onset colorectal cancer (LOCRC).

Impact:
The potential for the identified risk factors to enhance the identification of at-risk groups for personalized EOCRC screening and prevention and for the prediction of EOCRC risk should be comprehensively addressed by future studies.
In Synergy: Optimizing CAR T Development and Personalizing Patient Care Using Single-Cell Technologies
Authors: Barboy Oren , Katzenelenbogen Yonatan , Shalita Rotem , Amit Ido 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T therapies hold immense promise to revolutionize cancer treatment. Nevertheless, key challenges, primarily in solid tumor settings, continue to hinder the application of this technology. Understanding CAR T-cell mechanism of action, in vivo activity, and clinical implications is essential for harnessing its full therapeutic potential. Single-cell genomics and cell engineering tools are becoming increasingly effective for the comprehensive research of complex biological systems. The convergence of these two technologies can accelerate CAR T-cell development. Here, we examine the potential of applying single-cell multiomics for the development of next-generation CAR T-cell therapies.

Significance:
Although CAR T-cell therapies have demonstrated remarkable clinical results in treating cancer, their effectiveness in most patients and tumor types remains limited. Single-cell technologies, which are transforming our understanding of molecular biology, provide new opportunities to overcome the challenges of CAR T-cell therapies. Given the potential of CAR T-cell therapy to tip the balance in the fight against cancer, it is important to understand how single-cell multiomic approaches can be leveraged to develop the next generations of more effective and less toxic CAR T-cell products and to provide powerful decision-making tools for clinicians to optimize treatment and improve patient outcomes.
COVID-19 Vaccination and the Role of Informed Consent: England as a Case Study
Authors: Milo Caterina 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Informed consent (IC), following the Supreme Court judgment in Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board, [2015] UKSC 11, constitutes a key patients’ right. There is a vast literature exploring the significance of this right, while an analysis of the role that this has played in England during the COVID-19 vaccine distribution has been under-explored. Using England as a case study, this paper argues that IC has received limited protection in the COVID-19 vaccination context of the adult population, upholding at its best only a minimalistic approach where mere ‘consent’ has been safeguarded. It suggests that new approaches should be brainstormed so as to more properly safeguard IC in a Montgomery-compliant-approach, namely in a way that enhances patients’ autonomy and medical partnership, and also to better prepare and respond to future pandemics.
Key Regulatory Initiatives in EU Sustainable Banking
Authors: Hanganu Alexandra-Cristina 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
With temperature exhibiting a growing trend and posing threats to future generations, the Paris Agreement set a cap level of no more than 2°C for the temperature increase, emphasizing the need for cross-national participation to combat climate change. At the European level, the European Commission pledged to make Europe achieve carbon neutrality by mid-century. However, to deliver on its commitment, extensive financial support and engagement from both private and public-sector players were acknowledged as requisites. Therefore, through their funding mechanism, banks assumed a leading role in financing the transition to a green economy. Yet, a new challenge of systemic nature – i.e. ESG risks – emerged, gaining regulatory attention and subsequently triggering numerous regulatory reforms. To date, the focus at the European level rests on the development of a comprehensive definition of ESG risks as well as of a system to identify activities in scope, i.e. the EU Taxonomy that can be nonetheless assessed as the core regulatory framework on which amendments that followed were based. To address the dynamics of the regulatory landscape and to ensure compliance, banks undertook several strategic changes. Not only that they adjusted the offered products and services, but they also amended their governance structures. Specifically, a clear shift could have been identified from employing profit maximization strategies to conducting activities that serve the interests of not only shareholders but a broader category of stakeholders including the general public as well as the surrounding environment. Following the implementation of sustainability-related strategic initiatives, changes in banks’ performance and their risk-taking capabilities could have been identified. Therefore, aiming to explore the extent to which ESG consideration can be considered as a strategic opportunity, or contrastingly a challenge, mixed opinions were acknowledged pointing towards the complexity of the topic at hand, complexities which are enhanced by the topic’s novelty as well as by the uncertain and convoluted nature of the EU regulatory environment addressing sustainability.
Multivariate Data Assimilation at a Partially Mixed Estuary
Authors: Ardağ Dorukhan , Wilson Gregory , Lerczak James A. , Winters Dylan S. , Peck-Richardson Adam , Lyons Donald E. , Orben Rachael A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In 2013 and 2014, multiple field excursions of varying scope were concentrated on the Columbia River, a highly energetic, partially mixed estuary. These experiments included surface drifter and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) measurements during the ONR RIVET-II experiment, and a novel animal tracking effort that samples oceanographic data by employing cormorants tagged with biologging devices. In the present work, several different data types from these experiments were combined in order to test an iterative, ensemble-based inversion methodology at the mouth of the Columbia River (MCR). Results show that, despite inherent limitations of observation and model accuracy, it is possible to detect dynamically relevant bathymetric features such as large shoals and channels while originating from a linear, featureless prior bathymetry in a partially mixed estuary by inverting surface current and gravity wave observations with a 3D hydrostatic ocean model. Bathymetry estimation skill depends on two factors: location (i.e., differing estimation quality inside versus outside the MCR) and observation type (e.g., surface currents versus significant wave height). Despite not being inverted directly, temperature and salinity outputs in the hydrodynamic model improved agreement with observations after bathymetry inversion.
Nutritional counseling needs of patients with mental disorders in psychiatric care: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Koshimoto Saori , Kuboki Nanae , Gunji Chihiro , Fujiwara Mayo , Hayashi Hitomi , Moriya Hiroki , Oyake Yuuki , Murata Issei , Takeuchi Takashi , Matsushima Eisuke , Ohta Katsuya 
Published: May 2023

Background: The exploration of diet and nutrition as they relate to mental health and psychiatric disorders is a developing field. Anxiety, depression, and pharmacological treatments used to treat these disorders are likely to have side effects that induce decreases in activity and irregular eating habits, resulting in persistent nutritional imbalance. Unhealthy dietary patterns are associated with an increased risk of developing physical and mental health conditions. Despite this, nutritional support to patients in psychiatric care is not adequate. Aims: This study aimed to determine the factors underlying the need for nutritional counseling among patients with a mental disorder in psychiatry. The factors explored are eating-related symptoms, eating behavior, interest in food, seeking nutritional counseling, and impact on quality of life (QOL). Methods: We utilized a cross-sectional study design. Eligible patients were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding physical measurements and nutritional counseling. In addition, patients’ diagnoses and blood test data were referenced from their medical records. The analysis focused on two groups: those who desired to consult a nutritionist and those who did not. Results: Ninety-three patients completed the study. The nutritional status and need for nutritional counseling in psychiatry patients indicates that patients with dietary problems requested nutritional counseling ( p < .001). Patients who were more likely to need nutritional counseling had lower QOL in daily life ( p = .011), pain/discomfort ( p = .024), and anxiety/depression ( p = .010) on the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5L). Conclusions: Patients with mental disorders who need nutritional counseling tend to have food-related problems and low QOL. It is necessary to establish an interdisciplinary system for nutritional counseling.
The use of a walking aid before surgery is not related to worse short-term outcomes after simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Şahinoğlu Ertan , Bakırhan Serkan , Elibol Nuray , Ünver Bayram , Karatosun Vasfi 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: No study has been performed to compare patients’ pre- and post-operative knee disability, functional status, and length of hospital stay after surgery between patients with and without using a walking aid. Methods: One-hundred forty-five patients were enrolled and divided into four groups based on whether they used any walking aids before surgery: no walking aid, one cane, one elbow crutch, and two elbow crutches. The groups were compared for knee disability (Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score), functional status (Iowa Level of Assistance Scale (ILAS)), and length of hospital stay. Results: For the pre-operative HSS knee scores, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups ( p > 0.05). For the pre-operative ILAS scores, the patients without using walking aids had better functional status than those using any walking aids ( p < 0.05). For the post-operative outcomes, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups in the HSS knee and the ILAS scores and length of hospital stay after surgery. Conclusion: In this population, using any walking aids before surgery is related to worse pre-operative functional status but not to the pre-operative knee disability. Furthermore, it is not related to the short-term outcomes after surgery.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome triggered by FLOT (5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, docetaxel, and calcium levofolinate) chemotherapy and thrombocytopenia (docetaxel and cisplatin) chemotherapy
Authors: Xie LinLin 
Published: May 2023

Introduction Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a clinical and imaging syndrome characterized by endothelial dysfunction, blood–brain barrier disruption, and vasogenic edema. The common clinical symptoms of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome include headache, altered consciousness, visual disturbances, and seizures, among which headache and seizures are the most common. The classic imaging patterns usually reveal vasogenic edema. Case Report We describe the case of a middle-aged woman with gastric cancer. She was under treatment by fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel regimen and thrombocytopenia regimen after tumor progression, but developed unconsciousness, irritability, and headache shortly after initiation of treatment. Her magnetic resonance imaging in our hospital shows abnormal signals in bilateral frontal parietal occipital lobes with hyperintensities on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging, accompanied by the increased value of apparent diffusion coefficient. And T1-weighted images illustrate hypointense foci, with increased diffusion-weighted imaging signals. Management and Outcome After admission, she was treated to control blood pressure, reduce brain edema, expand blood vessels, improve consciousness, and symptomatic support treatment. 3 days after the onset of the disease, her headache symptoms and state of consciousness gradually improved, and her blood pressure can be controlled at about 130/80 mmHg. Discussion This is the first report that posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is caused by a thrombocytopenia regimen, and our case highlights the pathogenic role of a thrombocytopenia regimen in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. However, the association between the thrombocytopenia regimen and previous fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel regimens needs further study.