bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron Chelation Prevents Age‐Related Skeletal Muscle Sarcopenia in Klotho Gene Mutant Mice, a Genetic Model of Aging
Authors: Bose Chhanda , Megyesi Judit , Karaduta Oleg , Singh Sharda P. , Swaminathan Sundararaman , Shah Sudhir V. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundA decline in skeletal muscle mass and function known as skeletal muscle sarcopenia is an inevitable consequence of aging. Sarcopenia is a major cause of decreased muscle strength, physical frailty and increased muscle fatigability, contributing significantly to an increased risk of physical disability and functional dependence among the elderly. There remains a significant need for a novel therapy that can improve sarcopenia and related problems in aging. Iron accumulation, especially catalytic iron (labile iron) through increased oxidative stress, could be one of the contributing factors to sarcopenia. Our study aimed to examine the effect of an iron chelator on age‐related sarcopenia in mice.MethodsWe investigated the effect of iron chelation (deferiprone, DFP) in sarcopenia, using mice with klotho deficiency (kl/kl), an established mouse model for aging. Four weeks old Klotho −/− male mice were treated with 25 mg/kg body weight of iron chelator deferiprone in drinking water for 8–14 weeks (n = 12/group, treated and untreated). At the end of the study, gastrocnemius, quadriceps and bicep muscles were dissected and used for western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis, histopathology and iron staining. Serum total iron, catalytic iron and cytokine ELISAs were performed with established methods.ResultsTreatment with DFP significantly reduced loss of muscle mass in gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscles (p < 0.0001). Total and catalytic iron content of serum and iron in muscles were significantly (both p < 0.0001) lower in the treated animals. The inhibitory factor of myogenesis, the myostatin protein in gastrocnemius muscles (p = 0.019) and serum (p = 0.003) were downregulated after 8 weeks of therapy accompanied by an increased in muscle contractile protein myosin heavy chain (~2.9 folds, p = 0.0004). Treatment decreased inflammation (serum IL6 and TNFα) (p < 0.0001, p = 0.005), respectively, and elevated insulin‐like growth factor levels (p = 0.472). This was associated with reduced DNA damage and reduced 8‐hydroxy 2 deoxyguanosine in muscle and HO‐1 protein (p < 0.001, p = 079), respectively. Significant weight loss (p < 0.001) and decreased water intake (p = 0.012) were observed in untreated mice compared to treatment group. Kaplan–Meier survival curves show the median life span of treated mice was 108 days as compared to 63 days for untreated mice (p = 0.0002).ConclusionsIn summary, our research findings indicate that deferiprone reduced age‐related sarcopenia in the muscles of Klotho−/− mice. Our finding suggests chelation of excess iron could be an effective therapy to counter sarcopenia. However, additional studies are needed to evaluate and determine the efficacy in humans.
Factors associated with hypertonic dehydration in older Japanese outpatients
Authors: Kinoshita Azuna , Yonemitsu Takafumi , Miyai Nobuyuki , Yonemitsu Akira 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundHypertonic dehydration is common among older adults and is associated with increased mortality and the incidence of several diseases, such as renal failure and cardiovascular complications. Herein, we aimed to statistically identify risk factors for hypertonic dehydration in older adults in Japan.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included outpatients aged ≥65 years who visited an internal medicine clinic between March and November 2021. Hypertonic dehydration was determined using serum osmolality (≥300 mOsm/kg) calculated from blood sodium, urea nitrogen, and glucose levels. The body composition of each participant was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. The participants were instructed to record their fluid intake for two consecutive days. We conducted multivariate analysis to examine factors associated with hypertonic dehydration.ResultsIn total, 104 participants (male: 32.7%, mean: 76.6 years) were enrolled. The prevalence of hypertonic dehydration among study participants was 30.8%. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the daily fluid intake per body weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, diabetes mellitus, and number of medications were significantly associated with hypertonic dehydration. Odds ratios for hypertonic dehydration were 5.47 for daily fluid intake per body weight <20 mL/kg/day (vs. ≥30 mL/kg/day), 2.55 for body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 (vs. <25 kg/m2), and 3.66 for number of medications ≥10 (vs. <6). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.712 (95% confidence interval, 0.606–0.817; p = 0.001).ConclusionDecreased fluid intake, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and polypharmacy were independently associated with hypertonic dehydration in older Japanese outpatients.
Can Digital Rectal Examination Identify the Subtype of Dyssynergic Disorders as Well as High Resolution Anorectal Manometry?
Authors: Onana Ndong Philippe , Baumstarck Karine , Vitton Véronique 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsDiagnosing dyssynergic disorders (DD) often requires 3D high‐definition anorectal manometry (3D‐HRAM), raising concerns about cost, availability, and delayed referral. Digital rectal examination (DRE) offers a reliable, cost‐effective alternative for DD diagnosis. This study aimed to assess DRE's capability to classify DD patients into the four subtypes outlined in Rao's classification.MethodsThis retrospective monocentric study involved patients diagnosed with DD through 3D‐HRAM. After initial 3D‐HRAM performed by one physician, patients underwent a clinical examination, including DRE by a second senior clinician blinded to DD subtypes. Statistical tests measured the correlation between DRE and HRAM in classifying the four DD subtypes.ResultsThe study included 200 patients, revealing commendable overall agreement between DRE and 3D‐HRAM (Kappa = 0.658). For subtype diagnosis, correlation was substantial for Subtypes I, II, and IV (0.679, 0.741, 0.649, respectively) and moderate for Subtype III (Kappa = 0.325).ConclusionDRE demonstrates satisfactory performance in diagnosing the four subtypes of DD. Enhanced training in DRE, emphasizing functional information, has the potential to reduce reliance on additional tests, thereby mitigating economic and organizational impacts.
Neurological and Cognitive Effects of Hypothyroidism in Patients With Epilepsy: A Study on Anti‐Seizure Medicines Therapy
Authors: Molodozhnikova Natalia , Prokhorova Svetlana , Monov Dimitar , Lilyanov Nikolay 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe primary objective of this study was to examine neurological disorders and cognitive impairments in patients with secondary hypothyroidism and epilepsy undergoing treatment with antiepileptic medications. The study included 184 patients divided into three groups: Group 1 (subclinical hypothyroidism, n = 60), Group 2 (manifest hypothyroidism, n = 64), and Group 3 (control, n = 60). Patients in Group 2 received levothyroxine therapy (initial dose of 25 μg/day, titrated to 50–100 μg/day), while Groups 1 and 2 were treated with anti‐seizure medications (valproic acid, 40 mg/kg/day). Neurological symptoms, including Babinski's reflex abnormalities (χ2 = 8.15, p = 0.017) and sensory disturbances (χ2 = 12.44, p = 0.005), were significantly more frequent in Group 2 than in Group 1. Cognitive test scores were significantly lower in Group 2 compared to Group 3 across all domains (F(2, 181) = 6.55, p = 0.002 for MMSE; F(2, 181) = 4.70, p = 0.010 for FAB; and F(2, 181) = 5.75, p = 0.006 for CDT), with Group 1 showing intermediate results. Regression analysis identified neurodegenerative disease risk (β = 0.34, CI: 0.20–0.48, p < 0.001), anemia (β = 0.32, CI: 0.15–0.49, p = 0.001), and prolonged stress (β = 0.26, CI: 0.12–0.40, p = 0.002) as significant predictors of cognitive decline, while higher education was protective (β = −0.28, CI: −0.42 to −0.14, p = 0.003). An inverse relationship was observed between TSH levels and cognitive scores (r = −0.55, p < 0.001).
Stability comparison of prasugrel tablets unit‐dose packaged versus maintained in the manufacturer container over 90 days
Authors: Burchette Jessica , Lassiter Molly , Brown Stacy 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundUnit‐dosing medications can improve time to drug administration and patient safety in inpatient settings. No available information supports the practice of unit‐dosing for prasugrel.AimThe stability of unit‐dosed prasugrel tablets was evaluated against tablets maintained in the manufacturer container.MethodThree lots of 10 mg prasugrel tablets were packaged as individual unit‐doses and stored at room temperature. Tablets were analysed for prasugrel concentration over a 90‐day period and compared against control tablets retained in the manufacturer's container. Prasugrel was quantified using a previously validated stability‐indicating high‐performance liquid chromatography method with ultraviolet detection. Experimental lots were monitored for >10% loss of potency. A non‐linear one‐phase decay curve was used to describe drug potency changes in experimental versus control tablets. Ethics approval was not required for this research article as it was a stability study and did not involve human subjects.ResultsAverage potency in all groups remained above 90% for the duration of the study; however, some individual experimental samples dropped below 90% at 7 days. Control tablets did not show a statistically significant potency change until 90 days. Modelling data indicated the ending average potencies in the experimental versus control tablets were 9.083 mg and 9.736 mg, respectively.ConclusionUnit‐dosing 10 mg prasugrel tablets has a negative effect on potency, which was most pronounced by day 7. The average potency remained above 9.00 mg over the 90‐day period. Conservative interpretation of these data may allow institutions to unit‐dose prasugrel tablets and discard after 72 h, when individual data points showed <90% potency. The decision to unit‐dose prasugrel must consider several factors surrounding patient care and individual institutional standards.
Organizational Ambidexterity and Born Global Firms' Post‐Internationalization Growth. A Multi‐Case Study From the Agri‐Food Sector
Authors: Reyes‐Parga María , Rialp‐Criado Àlex , Gutierrez‐Rincon Viviana 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the influence of Organizational Ambidexterity (OA) on the growth of Born Global Firms (BGFs) post‐internationalization within the agri‐food sector. Employing a multi‐case analysis of 14 Latin American firms, we found that ambidextrous strategies not only enhance international strategic agility and market engagement but also facilitate risk diversification. We delineated seven distinct growth pathways: resilience‐driven innovation, innovation/expansion loop, customization, quality, ethical branding, diversification, and ambidextrous networking. Each pathway illustrates unique methods through which BGFs harness exploration and exploitation to drive sustainable growth. This research enriches the dynamic capabilities framework and international entrepreneurship theory, offering actionable insights for managing dual strategic focuses and underlining the role of supportive local policies.
Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin on emulsifying capacity of soy protein isolate in extrusion field and its underlying mechanism
Authors: Yu Xiaoshuai , Wang Zhenguo , Duan Yumin , Wang Kexin , Huo Jinjie , Wang Lishuang , Ma Xiaoqi , Wang Peng , Xiao Zhigang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundSoy protein isolate (SPI) has poor emulsifying ability because of its low molecular flexibility and compact structure, limiting its application in extruded protein‐based foods. Extrusion technology has emerged as a promising way to alter the structural properties of proteins. Therefore, the impacts of grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP) on structural and emulsifying characteristics of SPI in extrusion field were explored in this study.ResultsAfter extrusion treatment, the molecular chains of SPI were unfolded. In comparison with extruded SPI, the interaction with GSP led to a rightward shift in particle size distribution and an enhancement in zeta potential values of the protein. As GSP concentration increased from 20 to 80 g kg−1, the free sulfhydryl content of SPI was reduced by 4.17%, 25%, 29.24% and 35.85% compared with that of extruded SPI. The addition of GSP altered the secondary structure of SPI and enhanced the microenvironment polarity. Meanwhile, SDS‐PAGE results indicated that the protein presented lower molecular weight with the introduction of GSP. Compared with extruded SPI, the supplementation with GSP increased the molecular flexibility while it decreased the surface hydrophobicity of SPI. Correlation analyses demonstrated that these structural changes induced an improvement in emulsifying activity and emulsion stability of SPI. GSP mainly binds to SPI through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions under the extrusion environment.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that GSP is a potential modifier, which can be applied to improve the emulsifying capacity of extruded SPI‐based foods. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Inhibition potential of n‐hexadecanoic and oleic acids from edible insects against α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase, tyrosinase, and acetylcholinesterase: in vitro and in silico studies
Authors: Wechakorn Kanokorn , Payaka Apirak , Masoongnoen Jintana , Wattanalaorsomboon Sukrit , Sansenya Sompong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDEdible insects are used for consumption and traditional medicine due to their rich bioactive compounds. This study examined the bioactive compounds and inhibitory effects of crude extracts from Bombyx mori and Omphisa fuscidentalis on α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and tyrosinase. Fatty acids, including n‐hexadecanoic acid and oleic acid, were identified in the extracts and evaluated for their inhibitory potential against the enzymes in vitro and in silico.RESULTSThe total phenolic content of the edible insect extracts correlated with enzyme inhibitory activity. The quercetin and kaempferol content of B. mori ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract was also closely related to α‐amylase inhibitory activity. The EtOAc and hexane extracts of B. mori showed similar inhibition potential to acarbose and tacrine against α‐amylase and AChE, respectively. The hexane extract of O. fuscidentalis exhibited comparable tyrosinase inhibitory activity to kojic acid. n‐Hexadecanoic acid and oleic acid were the predominant bioactive compounds in all of the extracts. A kinetic study revealed that n‐hexadecanoic acid acted as a mixed‐type inhibitor against α‐amylase, similar to acarbose, whereas oleic acid showed non‐competitive inhibition against AChE, unlike tacrine. Docking studies suggested that these fatty acids bind to the active sites of α‐amylase and AChE.CONCLUSIONThe findings suggest that n‐hexadecanoic acid and oleic acid from edible insects could be potential candidates for treating diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. An animal model might be used for further examination to confirm these findings. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Thermal Management in AlGaAs‐On‐Insulator Microresonators: Enabling and Extending Soliton Comb Generation
Authors: Zhao Yanjing , Ye Chaochao , Liu Yang , Zhou Yueguang , Yvind Kresten , Pu Minhao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDissipative Kerr solitons offer a promising approach for integrated frequency comb sources. Although aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) exhibits ultrahigh nonlinearity, its strong thermo‐optic effect raises significant challenges for stable soliton generation. Triggerring solitons necessitates either cryogenic cooling or resonator engineering, imposing stringent requirements on operational environments, comb spacing, and bandwidth. In this work, thermal management in AlGaAs‐on‐insulator microresonators is addressed using an auxiliary laser. This approach effectively suppresses the adverse thermal resonance shifts, thus enabling room‐temperature soliton comb generation. Simultaneously, the residual thermal effects can be leveraged to expand the soliton existence range up to 37 GHz without active feedback. The scheme imposes no limitations on resonator parameters, facilitating the observation of near‐zero‐dispersion solitons. This broadens the exploration horizons on the AlGaAsOI platform. The extended soliton existence range ensures a stable and robust soliton operation, which is crucial for fully exploiting the ultra‐high effective nonlinearity and high optical quality factors exhibited by this platform. This advancement is poised to accelerate the practical deployment of AlGaAs frequency comb sources.
Normal forms and Tyurin degenerations of K3 surfaces polarized by a rank 18 lattice
Authors: Doran Charles F. , Prebble Joseph , Thompson Alan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe study projective Type II degenerations of K3 surfaces polarized by a certain rank 18 lattice, where the central fiber consists of a pair of rational surfaces glued along a smooth elliptic curve. Given such a degeneration, one may construct other degenerations of the same kind by flopping curves on the central fiber, but the degenerations obtained from this process are not usually projective. We construct a series of examples which are all projective and which are all related by flopping single curves from one component of the central fiber to the other. Moreover, we show that this list is complete, in the sense that no other flops are possible. The components of the central fibers obtained include weak del Pezzo surfaces of all possible degrees. This shows that projectivity need not impose any meaningful constraints on the surfaces that can arise as components in Type II degenerations.
Improving Molecular Design with Direct Inverse Analysis of QSAR/QSPR Model
Authors: Shino Yuto , Kaneko Hiromasa 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRecent advances in machine learning have significantly impacted molecular design, notably the molecular generation method combining the chemical variational autoencoder (VAE) with Gaussian mixture regression (GMR). In this method, a mathematical model is constructed with X as the latent variable of the molecule and Y as the target properties and activities. Through direct inverse analysis of this model, it is possible to generate molecules with the desired target properties. However, this approach outputs many strings that do not follow the simplified molecular input line entry system grammar and generates unrealistic chemical structures in which the properties and activity do not satisfy the target values. In this study, we focus on hierarchical VAE using molecular graphs to address these issues. We confirm that the combination of hierarchical VAE and GMR does not generate invalid outputs and returns molecules that simultaneously satisfy multiple target values. Moreover, we use this method to identify several molecules that are predicted to exhibit activity against drug targets.
A Trace C2H2 Detection Based on Near‐Infrared Dual‐Comb Spectroscopy
Authors: Rong Shuangquan , Sun Xiaocong , Yang Yuqi , Zhou Yueting , Gong Ting , Hu Mengpeng , Wang Qiang , Qiu Xuanbing , Li Chuanliang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTo achieve low‐concentration measurement using near‐infrared dual‐comb spectroscopy (DCS), this study presents a trace C2H2 detection using near‐infrared DCS. A multi‐pass gas cell is employed to extend the optical path length, improving the sensor's sensitivity. Signal post‐processing via interpolation method is applied to reduce noise and achieve a flatter dual‐comb. The sensor's sensitivity and transient characteristics are evaluated by selecting absorption lines at 6526.53, 6529.17, and 6531.78 cm−1, with the experimental profile being well‐fitted by a Voigt function. The stability of the system is confirmed with a C2H2 concentration of 200 ppm over a 2.5 h observation period, showing a stability better than 2.305 × 10−2. Allan variance analysis indicates an optimal integration time of 597 s, yielding a minimum detection limit of 6.15 × 10−4 for absorbance and 350 ppb for concentration. Additionally, the detection of nine absorption lines demonstrates the multi‐peak measurement capability, with deviations ranging from 0.059% to 12.496%.
Characterization and Compensation of Nonideal Effects of Modulation Functions in Time‐Modulated Array for Direction‐of‐Arrival Extraction
Authors: Kim Geon U , Kim Jeong Phill 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis article investigates nonidealities of the time modulation function that may affect the measurement accuracy when extracting the direction of arrival (DOA) using the time‐modulated array. The types of nonidealities are identified and the fundamental and harmonic Fourier coefficients for each type are calculated theoretically. The measurement DOA error is calculated using these Fourier coefficients, and the allowable bounds of the nonideal parameters guaranteeing the confidence region of the error are proposed. Furthermore, a two‐step measurement procedure is proposed to reduce these errors. For a systematic reduction of the measurement errors, a method for characterizing and compensating the nonidealities is investigated. To verify the validity of the proposed theory and measurement method, experiments are conducted to compare the results with and without calibration and compensation.
Generation of Dark Pulses in Mode‐Locked Erbium‐Doped Fiber Ring Laser Operating in L‐Band Region Using Sc2O3 Absorber
Authors: Ahmeed Mahmoud M. , Ahmad B. A. , Supian Latifah Sarah , Diblawe Abdulkadir Mukhtar , Harun Sulaiman Wadi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBy incorporating scandium oxide (Sc2O3) powder into a PVA film, a Sc2O3 saturable absorber (SA) was successfully developed, boasting a modulation depth of 25%. When integrated into a ring erbium‐doped fiber laser, the Sc2O3‐SA facilitated the production of mode‐locked dark pulses featuring multi‐wavelength emission, leveraging its saturable absorbing ability along with the nonlinear properties inherent in the Sc2O3 thin film and the long erbium‐doped fiber. Mode‐locking operation was achieved within a pumping range of 209.3–239.8 mW, resulting in a peak pulse energy of 0.71 nJ. Operating at 1597.8 nm, the mode‐locked laser demonstrated a repetition rate of 10.42 MHz and a pulse width of 23 ns. Domain‐wall dark pulse operation was demonstrated in the L‐band region, achieving a relative stability with a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 55.6 dB, utilizing a Sc2O3 thin film absorber and an 8‐meter‐long active fiber. These findings underscore the promising potential of Sc2O3 to be used in pulsed laser systems, particularly due to its exceptional nonlinear optical properties.