bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the Performance of Accelerated Jetson Edge Devices for Training Deep Learning Models
Authors: S.K Prashanthi , Kesanapalli Sai Anuroop , Simmhan Yogesh 
Published: June 2023

Deep Neural Network (DNN) models are becoming ubiquitous in a variety of contemporary domains such as Autonomous Vehicles, Smart cities and Healthcare. They help drones to navigate, identify suspicious activities from safety cameras, and perform diagnostics over medical imaging. Fast DNN inferencing close to the data source is enabled by a growing class of accelerated edge devices such as NVIDIA Jetson and Google Coral which host low-power Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) and Tensor Processing Units (TPUs) along with ARM CPUs in a compact form-factor to offer a superior performance-to-energy ratio. E.g., the NVIDIA Jetson AGX Xavier kit has a 512-core Volta GPU, an 8-core ARM CPU and 32GB LPDDR4x memory, that operates within 65W of power, costs US999 and is smaller than a paperback novel.
Recently, there has been a push towards training DNN models on the edge [2]. This is driven by the massive growth in data collected from edge devices in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Internet of Things (IoT), the need to refresh the models periodically, the bandwidth constraints in moving all this data to Cloud data centers for training, and a heightened emphasis on privacy by retaining data on the edge. This has led to techniques like federated and geo-distributed learning that train DNN models locally on data on an edge device and aggregate them centrally. In this abstract, we summarise and highlight key results from our full paper [5].
Architectural Support for Efficient Data Movement in Fully Disaggregated Systems
Authors: Giannoula Christina , Huang Kailong , Tang Jonathan , Koziris Nectarios , Goumas Georgios , Chishti Zeshan , Vijaykumar Nandita 
Published: June 2023

Traditional data centers include monolithic servers that tightly integrate CPU, memory and disk (Figure 1a). Instead, Disaggregated Systems (DSs) [8, 13, 18, 27] organize multiple compute (CC), memory (MC) and storage devices as independent, failure-isolated components interconnected over a high-bandwidth network (Figure 1b). DSs can greatly reduce data center costs by providing improved resource utilization, resource scaling, failure-handling and elasticity in modern data centers [5, 8-10, 10, 11, 13, 18, 27]
The MCs provide large pools of main memory (remote memory), while the CCs include the on-chip caches and a few GBs of DRAM (local memory) that acts as a cache of remote memory. In this context, a large fraction of the application's data (~ 80%) [8, 18, 27] is located in remote memory, and can cause large performance penalties from remotely accessing data over the network.
Towards Accelerating Data Intensive Application's Shuffle Process Using SmartNICs
Authors: Lin Jiaxin , Ji Tao , Hao Xiangpeng , Cha Hokeun , Le Yanfang , Yu Xiangyao , Akella Aditya 
Published: June 2023

Emerging SmartNIC creates new opportunities to offload application-level computation into the networking layer. Shuffle, the all-to-all data exchange process, is a critical building block for network communication in distributed data-intensive applications and can potentially benefit from SmartNICs.
In this paper, we develop SmartShuffle, which accelerates the data-intensive application's shuffle process by offloading computation tasks into the SmartNIC devices. SmartShuffle supports offloading both low-level network functions, including data partitioning and network transport, and high-level computation tasks, including filtering, aggregation, and sorting. SmartShuffle adopts a coordinated offload architecture to make sender-side and receiver-side SmartNICs jointly contribute to the computation offload. SmartShuffle manages the computation and memory constraints on the device using liquid offloading, which dynamically migrates computations between the host CPU and the SmartNIC at runtime.
We prototype SmartShuffle on the Stingray SoC SmartNICs and plug it into Spark. Our evaluation shows that SmartShuffle outperforms Spark, and Spark RDMA by up to 40% on TPC-H.
The Impact of the Workload and Traumatic Stress on the Presenteeism of Midwives: The Mediating Effect of Psychological Detachment
Authors: Jiang Weiwei , Wang Yiting , Zhang Jiahua , Song Danni , Pu Congshan , Shan Chunjian 
Published: June 2023

Objectives. Midwives are at high risk of presenteeism, which may impact the quality of midwifery and maternal and infant health outcomes. However, no research has been conducted to investigate the relationship between workload, traumatic stress, psychological detachment, and presenteeism among midwives. This study, therefore, aimed at exploring the mediating effects of psychological detachment on workload, traumatic stress, and presenteeism among midwives. Method. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted among 547 midwives in Jiangsu Province. Participants completed the National Aeronautics and Space Administration task load index, traumatic stress impact subscale for midwives, psychological detachment scale, and Stanford presenteeism scale and provided sociodemographic information. The mediating effects of psychological detachment were assessed using Mplus. Results. The mean score of midwives’ presenteeism was 17.09

±

3.56. Presenteeism was positively associated with both workload and traumatic stress (both

P
<
0.01

) and negatively associated with psychological detachment (

P
<
0.01

) among midwives. Psychological detachment partially mediated the relationships between (a) workload and presenteeism (

β

= 0.005,

P
<
0.05

) and (b) traumatic stress and presenteeism (

β

= 0.006,

P
<
0.05

), with mediating effects of 11.90% and 10.00%, respectively. Conclusions. Presenteeism among midwives is at moderately high levels and requires attention from nursing managers. Psychological detachment is a mediating variable of the relationship between workload, traumatic stress, and presenteeism among midwives. Implications for Nursing Management. This study has implications for decreasing midwives’ presenteeism in practical terms. Specifically, it is crucial that care managers attempt to adjust midwives' work patterns, reduce their workload, and provide organizational support for work-related traumatic stress. Moreover, our findings also indicate that psychological detachment is probably an essential element that is worthy of attention.
Vaccination and Microbiota Manipulation Approaches for Colon Cancer Prevention in Rodent Models
Authors: Tosti Elena , Srivastava Nityanand , Edelmann Winfried 
Published: June 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer represents the third most common cancer type worldwide and is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States and Western countries. Rodent models have been invaluable to study the etiology of colorectal cancer and to test novel chemoprevention avenues. In the past, the laboratory mouse has become one of the best preclinical models for these studies due to the availability of genetic information for commonly used mouse strains with well-established and precise gene targeting and transgenic techniques. Well-established chemical mutagenesis technologies are also being used to develop mouse and rat models of colorectal cancer for prevention and treatment studies. In addition, xenotransplantation of cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenografts has been useful for preclinical prevention studies and drug development. This review focuses on the recent use of rodent models to evaluate the utility of novel strategies in the prevention of colon cancers including immune prevention approaches and the manipulation of the intestinal microbiota.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure: Are There Thresholds and Inflection Points in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Thresholds Justifying a Clinical Classification?
Authors: Kondo Toru , Dewan Pooja , Anand Inder S. , Desai Akshay S. , Packer Milton , Zile Michael R. , Pfeffer Marc A. , Solomon Scott D. , Abraham William T. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Jhund Pardeep S. , McMurray John J.V. 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:
Recent guidelines proposed a classification for heart failure (HF) on the basis of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), although it remains unclear whether the divisions chosen were biologically rational. Using patients spanning the full range of LVEF, we examined whether there was evidence of LVEF thresholds in patient characteristics or inflection points in clinical outcomes.

METHODS:
Using patient-level information, we created a merged dataset of 33 699 participants who had been enrolled in 6 randomized controlled HF trials including patients with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. The relationship between the incidence of all-cause death (and specific causes of death) and HF hospitalization, and LVEF, was evaluated using Poisson regression models.

RESULTS:
As LVEF increased, age, the proportion of women, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and prevalence of atrial fibrillation and diabetes increased, whereas ischemic pathogenesis, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) decreased. As LVEF increased >50%, age and the proportion of women continued to increase, and ischemic pathogenesis and NT-proBNP decreased, but other characteristics did not change meaningfully. The incidence of most clinical outcomes (except noncardiovascular death) decreased as LVEF increased, with a LVEF inflection point of around 50% for all-cause death and cardiovascular death, around 40% for pump failure death, and around 35% for HF hospitalization. Higher than those thresholds, there was little further decline in the incidence rate. There was no evidence of a J-shaped relationship between LVEF and death; no evidence of worse outcomes in patients with high-normal (“supranormal”) LVEF. Similarly, in a subset of patients with echocardiographic data, there were no structural differences in patients with a high-normal LVEF suggestive of amyloidosis, and NT-proBNP levels were consistent with this conclusion.

CONCLUSIONS:
In patients with HF, there was a LVEF threshold of around 40% to 50% where the pattern of patient characteristics changed, and event rates began to increase compared with higher LVEF values. Our findings provide evidence to support current upper LVEF thresholds defining HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction on the basis of prognosis.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifiers: NCT00634309, NCT00634400, NCT00634712, NCT00095238, NCT01035255, NCT00094302, NCT00853658, and NCT01920711.
Designing a Multilateral Investment Court for Procedural Justice
Authors: Garcia Frank J. , Guven Brooke S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Working Group III of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law has embarked on a mandate to reform investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS), through identifying a set of concerns that merit multilateral procedural reform. In response, the EU has proposed creating a standing multilateral investment court. Despite the importance of procedural justice theory in domestic legal systems, its value as a resource in international dispute resolution is under-recognized. This article focuses on procedural justice through the literature on the social psychology of justice, as offering an empirically-based theoretical foundation that helps identify key elements and options in designing investment adjudication. Within ISDS reform, the authors focus on necessary innovations in independence and impartiality, transparency, participation, and correction of error, the key pillars of procedural justice research. The EU proposal suggests substituting a more traditional judicial model of dispute resolution for the current and problematic arbitral model, which aligns to a greater degree with the principles of procedural justice.
Equilibrium with prices and expectations
Authors: Osborne Martin J. , Rubinstein Ariel 
Published: June 2023

In the models of markets we have discussed so far, equilibrium prices make the individuals’ decisions compatible. Each individual takes the prices as given when deciding on her action, and at the equilibrium prices the demand and supply of every good are equal.
In this chapter, an individual’s behavior is affected not only by the prices but also by her expectations regarding other parameters. Each individual takes these expectations, like the prices, as given. In equilibrium, each individual behaves optimally, the supply and demand for each good are equal, and the expectations of individuals are correct.
We present three models. In the first model, each individual chooses one of two bank branches. Her decision is affected only by her belief about the expected service time in each branch. In the second model, potential buyers of a used car, who cannot observe the quality of the cars for sale, take into account their expectation of the average quality of these cars as well as the price. In the third model, the unit cost of catching fish depends on the total amount of fish caught. Each fisher makes her decision taking as given both the price of fish and her expectation about the unit cost she will incur.
Multiweek Prediction and Attribution of the Black Saturday Heatwave Event in Southeast Australia
Authors: Abhik S. , Lim Eun-Pa , Hope Pandora , Jones David A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Southeastern Australia experienced an extreme heatwave event from 27 January to 8 February 2009, which culminated in the devastating “Black Saturday” bushfires that led to hundreds of human casualties and major economic losses in the state of Victoria. This study investigates the causes of the heatwave event, its prediction, and the role of anthropogenic climate change using a dynamical subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) forecast system. We show that the intense positive temperature anomalies over southeastern Australia were associated with the persistent high pressure system over the Tasman Sea and a low pressure anomaly over southern Australia, which favored horizontal warm-air advection from the lower latitudes to the region. Enhanced convection over the tropical western Pacific and northern Australia due to weak La Niña conditions appear to have played a role in strengthening the high pressure anomalies over the Tasman Sea. The observed climate conditions are largely reproduced in the hindcast of the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator–Seasonal prediction system version 1 (ACCESS-S1). The model skillfully predicts the spatial characteristics and relative intensity of the heatwave event at a 10-day lead time. A climate attribution forecast experiment with low atmospheric CO2 and counterfactual cold ocean–atmospheric initial conditions suggests that the enhanced greenhouse effect contributed about 3°C warming of the predicted event. This study provides an example of how a S2S prediction system can be used not only for multiweek prediction of an extreme event and its climate drivers, but also for the attribution to anthropogenic climate change.
High Grade Intestinal Obstruction From Internal Hernia Beneath an Intraperitoneal External Iliac Artery
Authors: Chaconas Christen E. , Moncada Isabella C. , Pepe Antonio P. , Matzinger Steven A. 
Published: June 2023

Acute small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common cause of emergency department visits in the United States, and it accounts for approximately 20% of emergency surgical operations.1 Its etiology is divided into intrinsic luminal obstruction or extrinsic compression of the bowel.2 Among the causes of SBO, by far the most common is intraperitoneal adhesions due to previous abdominal surgeries, which comprises about 60-70% of the cases.2 The abdominal cavity is subdivided into the peritoneal cavity and the retroperitoneal cavity; the division is marked by a thin covering of parietal peritoneum that encases all the intraperitoneal structures. Here, we present a rare case of an acute small bowel obstruction secondary to exposure of the retroperitoneal external iliac artery from a surgical procedure 20 years prior to presentation.
Prognostic Value of Tumor Size in Colon Cancer—Smaller is Better?
Authors: Meng Yan , Wang Bingyan , Lin Hsinyi , Li Fei , Lu Siyi , Wang Junwei , Wang Hao , Guo Limei , Zhou Xin , Fu Wei 
Published: June 2023

Background The prognostic value of tumor size in colon cancer remains controversial. This study aimed to reveal the correlation between tumor size and prognosis of colon cancer. Methods A total of 491 patients with colon cancer were included in this study. The correlation of tumor size with prognosis, mismatch repair status, and other clinicopathological characteristics as well as tumor microenvironment was analyzed. Results For stage IIA microsatellite stable (MSS) colon cancer, tumors sized <3.5 cm and ≥5 cm were associated with a poorer disease free survival (DFS) compared with tumors sized between 3.5 and 5 cm ( P = .002). Small tumor size (HR = 5.098, P = .001) and large tumor size (HR = 2.749, P = .029) were found to be independent prognostic factors for stage IIA MSS colon cancer. Moreover, high expression of transgelin (TAGLN), a marker of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), was found to be an independent prognostic factor for poorer DFS (HR = 9.651, P = .009), which was also associated with smaller tumor size ( P = .027). Conclusion Small (<3.5 cm) and large (≥5 cm) tumor sizes are associated with decreased DFS in stage IIA MSS colon cancer. Enrichment of TAGLN+ CAFs is associated with decreased DFS and small tumor size.
An overheating criterion for bedrooms in temperate climates: Derivation and application
Authors: Lomas Kevin J , Li Matthew 
Published: June 2023

Adequate sleep is crucial to human health and well-being and elevated night-time temperatures can degrade sleep quality. European countries with temperate climates use temperature thresholds between 25°C and 28°C to identify homes that are overheated. The current UK bedroom threshold of 26°C, is based on one small study, which is now over 45 years old. An extensive literature review indicated that with modern summertime bedding and bedwear, which enables body coverage to be easily adjusted, thermal comfort can be achieved for night-time bedroom temperatures up to approximately 29°C. Temperatures measured in 591 bedrooms during England’s hottest ever summer, 2018, are re-analysed. The prevalences of night-time overheating generated by alternative criteria are compared with the prevalences generated by the established adaptive overheating criterion. Comparisons are made for homes with different dwelling and household characteristics. Finally, a new overheating criterion is proposed based on the mean night-time bedroom temperature, with thresholds between 26°C and 29°C depending on the application of the criterion. The allowable exceedance of the chosen threshold is limited to seven nights between May and September. Adopting thresholds of 27°C for vulnerable households and 28°C for others, 23% (5.5 million) of the main bedrooms in English homes were deemed to be overheated in the hot summer of 2018, far fewer than the 69% obtained using the current UK bedroom criterion. Irrespective of the threshold chosen, there were clear, consistent and significant differences in overheating prevalence depending on dwelling and household characteristics. The proposed new overheating criterion is applicable to unconditioned bedrooms in temperate regions. It seeks to strike a balance between the risk that hot bedrooms will be air-conditioned and the risk of temperatures detrimental to a “good nights’ sleep”. Practical Application A new overheating criterion is proposed to identify overheated bedrooms. It adopts the familiar format of a temperature threshold and an allowable exceedance. It is applicable in temperate climates when people are asleep in unconditioned bedrooms. The criterion is intended to aid the interpretation of night-time temperatures predicted by dynamic thermal models and temperature measurements in existing bedrooms. It is applicable to individuals of different heat sensitivity, the design of new homes or the refurbishment of existing homes. With further testing and refinement, it offers a credible replacement to the existing UK bedroom criterion given in CIBSE Guide A, TM59 and in other guides. It can thus underpin the new overheating regulations, Part O, for the design of new dwellings in England.
Near-Field LED Illumination Strategies for Tonsillectomy and Adenoid Surgery
Authors: Cash Elizabeth , Albert Christina , Potts Kevin , Chandran Swapna , Horrell Robin 
Published: June 2023

Objective: Perform a pilot feasibility study to demonstrate viability, quality, and safety advantages of light-emitting diode (LED) illumination when performing tonsillectomy. Study Design: Prospective cohort. Setting: Children’s Hospital and Community Multispecialty Hospital. Methods: We tested a commercially available LED light, held in position with a minimally modified mouth gag, for off-label use in a “cavernous wound.” We assessed surgeons’, residents’, and nurses’ perceptions of function, safety, as well as preferences compared to headlights. Results: The light was used in 30 cases. Noted advantages over traditional lighting methods included superior brightness, stability and consistency of illumination, and the ability for others to assist more quickly. The inability to adjust brightness and/or the angle of light was an observed disadvantage. A small oral cavity or large tonsillar pillars creating a shadow required the temporary addition of a headlight. However, LED light use was not discontinued. Surgeons and residents reported a preference for not wearing a headlight, and nurses expressed concerns about headlight cleanliness. Conclusion: LED lighting technology demonstrated utility for teaching surgeons, residents, and nurses, and was perceived as safe. Additional specifications may make the light applicable to a wider variety of cases and could potentially mitigate headlight use during procedures of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Level of Evidence: 4
Casual sexual relationships and their increase over time among Israeli emerging adults: Do these associate with the quality of future relationships?
Authors: Shulman Shmuel , Yonatan-Leus Refael , Seiffge-Krenke Inge 
Published: June 2023

While casual sexual relationships (CSREs) have become common among emerging adults, it is unknown whether these affect future relationships. Guided by a developmental perspective, the current study questions whether engagement in CSREs might be associated with the quality of future relationships by serving as a model of instability. Data were collected from 110 Israeli emerging adults at ages 23, 25, and 28. Contrary to our expectations, the level of engagement in CSREs at age 23 was associated only with a lower capacity to resolve problems and a higher tendency to downplay disagreements at age 28. However, an increase in the level of engagement in CSREs over the 5 years was associated with future negative relationship outcomes, greater avoidant romantic attachment, a tendency to conceal from one’s partner, and a lower sense of certainty and capacity to manage disagreements. Conceptually, findings suggest that when engagement in casual sex is repeated and increases over time, it might become a more stable pattern of behavior and have an adverse effect on future competence in handling a romantic relationship.