bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The force-length relation of the young adult human tibialis anterior
Authors: Raiteri Brent J. , Lauret Leon , Hahn Daniel 
Published: July 2023

Background
Knowledge of the muscle’s lengths at which maximum active isometric force is attained is important for predicting forces during movement. However, there is limited information about the in vivo force-length properties of a human muscle that plays crucial roles during locomotion; the tibialis anterior (TA). We therefore aimed to estimate TA’s force-length relation from dorsiflexor torque-angle curves constructed from eight women and eight men.

Methods
Participants performed maximal voluntary fixed-end contractions with their right ankle dorsiflexors from 0° to 30° plantar flexion. Muscle fascicle lengths were estimated from B-mode ultrasound images, and net ankle joint torques were measured using dynamometry. Fascicle forces were estimated by dividing maximal active torques by literature-derived, angle-specific tendon moment arm lengths while assuming a fixed 50% force contribution of TA to the total dorsiflexor force and accounting for fascicle angles.

Results
Maximal active torques were higher at 15° than 20° and 30° plantar flexion (2.4–6.4 Nm, p ≤ 0.012), whereas maximal active TA fascicle forces were higher at 15° than 0°, 20° and 30° plantar flexion (25–61 N, p ≤ 0.042), but not different between 15° and 10° plantar flexion (15 N, p = 0.277). TA fascicle shortening magnitudes during fixed-end contractions were larger at 15° than 30° plantar flexion (3.9 mm, p = 0.012), but less at 15° than 0° plantar flexion (−2.4 mm, p = 0.001), with no significant differences (≤0.7 mm, p = 0.871) between TA’s superficial and deep muscle compartments. Series elastic element stiffness was lowest and highest at lengths 5% shorter and 5% longer than optimum fascicle length, respectively (−30 and 15 N/mm, p ≤ 0.003).

Discussion
TA produced its maximum active force at 10–15° plantar flexion, and its normalized force-length relation had ascending and descending limbs that agreed with a simple scaled sarcomere model when active fascicle lengths from within TA’s superficial or deep muscle compartment were considered. These findings can be used to inform the properties of the contractile and series elastic elements of Hill-type muscle models.
Umbilical Cord Blood Hemoglobin as a Predictor of Significant Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia in Term Newborns in a Tertiary Care Centre in North Kerala
Authors: Ajnas V. V. , Gopalan A. V. , Basheer K. T. Muhammed 
Published: July 2023

Aims: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common problems during first week of life and is the most common cause of readmission in early neonatal period. The present study aimed to predict the development of significant hyperbilirubinemia in term neonates using cord blood hemoglobin.
Study Design: Prospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Paediatrics, MMCH & RC, Kozhikode, Kerala from March 2021 to July 2022.
Methodology: The prospective study enrolled 162 appropriate for gestational age term newborns, delivered at MMCH & RC. Cord blood hemoglobin was measured and bilirubin estimation was done at 48-72 hours of life. Hyperbilirubinemia was considered significant if serum bilirubin value was above standard as per American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using SPSS 20.0 version. The relationship between cord hemoglobin in predicting significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was studied using appropriate statistical tests. Sensitivity and specificity of the variables were defined using ROC curve and Pearson correlation coefficient to determine the correlation between the variables.
Results: Out of the total 162 neonates enrolled, 86 were boys (53.1%) and 76 were girls (46.9%). The mean cord hemoglobin value was 15.3g/dl. 20 neonates (12.3%) had developed significant hyperbilirubinemia and required phototherapy while none of them needed exchange transfusion. Correlation between cord hemoglobin with serum bilirubin showed weak correlation (r=0.194) but the correlation was statistically significant (p<0.05). On ROC curve analysis, cord hemoglobin cut off value ≥14.9g/dl showed 75% sensitivity and 39.4% specificity to predict significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
Conclusion: There is significant correlation between umbilical cord blood hemoglobin level and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Cord hemoglobin ≥14.9g/dl can predict future development of significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. This will be useful in very low resource centres to plan early discharge of newborns without fear of hyperbilirubinemia.
A Predominant Urodynamic Diagnosis Can Hide a Minor One: Study in Non-Neurologic Women
Authors: Valentini F. A. , Marti B. G. , Robain G. , Zimmern P. E. 
Published: July 2023

Aims: Voiding dysfunction is a common condition among women. Since voiding and storage symptoms can coexist, evaluation necessitates further investigations with urodynamic studies. Unfortunately, some predominant dysfunction can hide a minor one.
The purpose of our study was to retrospectively review urodynamic records of non-neurologic women referred for evaluation of lower urinary tract dysfunction and to explain hidden concomitant urodynamic diagnoses that might have gone unnoticed without a thorough examination.
Methods: Urodynamic tracings of 404 consecutive non-neurologic women referred for evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms were reviewed. Initial urodynamic diagnosis had been proposed according with ICS/IUGA recommendations and a choice of specific urodynamic criteria. Concomitant urodynamic diagnoses were sought by analyzing the values of characteristic parameters which were hidden by predominant phenomenon.
Results: Concomitant diagnoses were found for 120 (29.7%) women. Coexistent diagnoses were 48 bladder outlet obstruction, 16 detrusor underactivity and 56 intrinsic sphincter deficiency. That condition was observed for women with predominant diagnosis of detrusor overactivity (63.4%) and detrusor overactivity with impaired contractility (60.0%).
Conclusions: Our study show a high prevalence of possible concomitant urodynamic diagnoses for non-neurologic women referred for evaluation of lower urinary tract dysfunction. The practitioner must pay attention to all the parameters measured in order to derive the correct urodynamic diagnosis from which the best management can be proposed.
Impact of Sensory Stimulation on Perception and Performance among the Comatose: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lewis Charitha , Lobo Diana 
Published: July 2023

Adult brains in good health are capable of processing a variety of intricate sensory data. The faces of the object and the people are recognised, and the location, depth, and distance of the object and the people are identified. These basic and complex perceptual abilities may be impacted by a stroke or other acquired brain injury, such as a head injury. Being unaware of one's surroundings, as when sleeping, or being unresponsive to stimulation are both symptoms of being unconscious. In the area of neurorehabilitation, sensory stimulation programmes (SSP) have received the most research. A healthcare provider or a family member systematically stimulates the patient's five sensory modalities as part of sensory stimulation, a form of therapy that may improve the patient's responsiveness. In order to analyse the impact of sensory stimulation on perception and performance among comatose, double- blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted on 12 comatose patients with Glasgow Coma Scale score 3-8 and diagnosed with traumatic brain injury and cerebrovascular accidents. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups of experimental and control. The comatose patients were recruited via random sampling from various Intensive Care Units of AJ Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore. The experimental group was given sensory stimulation twice daily for seven consecutive days, with each session lasting 25 minutes. By contrast, the control group only received routine care from the hospital. Data was collected via demographic and clinical proforma and level of conscious was measured by Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R). For statistical analysis, independent t test and ANOVA were computed. There was a significant increase in the post-test scores of CRS-R for experimental group which revealed that multimodal sensory stimulation effectively increased the CRS-R scores among unconscious patients in the experimental group. Nurses can use this intervention to improve sensory scores among unconscious patients in the Intensive Care Unit.
Challenges and Strategies for Optimizing Corrosion and Biodegradation Stability of Biomedical Micro‐ and Nanoswimmers: A Review
Authors: Rahimi Ehsan , Sanchis‐Gual Roger , Chen Xiangzhong , Imani Amin , Gonzalez‐Garcia Yaiza , Asselin Edouard , Mol Arjan , Fedrizzi Lorenzo , Pané Salvador , Lekka Maria 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe last two decades have witnessed the emergence of micro‐ and nanoswimmers (MNSs). Researchers have invested significant efforts in engineering motile micro‐ and nanodevices to address current limitations in minimally invasive medicine. MNSs can move through complex fluid media by using chemical fuels or external energy sources such as magnetic fields, ultrasound, or light. Despite significant advancements in their locomotion and functionalities, the gradual deterioration of MNSs in human physiological media is often overlooked. Corrosion and biodegradation caused by chemical reactions with surrounding medium and the activity of biological agents can significantly affect their chemical stability and functional properties during their lifetime performance. It is therefore essential to understand the degradation mechanisms and factors that influence them to design ideal biomedical MNSs that are affordable, highly efficient, and sufficiently resistant to degradation (at least during their service time). This review summarizes recent studies that delve into the physicochemical characteristics and complex environmental factors affecting the corrosion and biodegradation of MNSs, with a focus on metal‐based devices. Additionally, different strategies are discussed to enhance and/or optimize their stability. Conversely, controlled degradation of non‐toxic MNSs can be highly advantageous for numerous biomedical applications, allowing for less invasive, safer, and more efficient treatments.
Hernia Mesh with Biomechanical and Mesh–Tissue Interface Dual Compliance for Scarless Abdominal Wall Reconstruction
Authors: Jiao Yongjie , Li Chaojing , Li Shaojie , Liu Xingxing , Yu Shuang , Liu Xiaofeng , Li Yan , Wang Fujun , Tang Jianxiong , Wang Lu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA fabric hydrogel composite hernia mesh with biomechanical and mesh–tissue interface dual compliance is designed for scarless abdominal wall reconstruction. The mesh is composed of a polyester knitted fabric and chitosan–polyacrylamide hydrogel complex. The mechanical properties of the composite mesh are adjusted to resemble the human abdominal wall by alkali treatment of chitosan to achieve good biomechanical compliance. An adhesion group is introduced into the composite mesh that forms covalent bonds with tissue, eliminating the need for suturing, reducing stress concentration at the fixation site, achieving mesh‐tissue interface compliance, and improving the simplicity of the operation. Covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds make the mesh have strong adhesion (70.1 ± 3.2 kPa) and repeatable (four times) robust adhesiveness. In vivo experiments using a rabbit abdominal wall defect model demonstrate quick adhesiveness and excellent functional reconstruction. Biomechanical and mesh–tissue interface dual compliance allow the tissue to regenerate an intact abdominal wall structure. The adhesive fabric hydrogel composite hernia mesh offers significant clinical values for repairing abdominal wall defects and provides design ideas for repairing other load‐bearing soft tissues.
High Performance Anion Exchange Membranes with Confined Sub‐2‐nm Ion Channel
Authors: Yuan Wei , Zeng Lingping , Zhang Taochang , Zhou Yuanyuan , Wang Jianchuan , Jiang Shangkun , Li Li , Liao Qiang , Wei Zidong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs a key component of low‐cost anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are far from commercial application, because of dissatisfactory alkaline stability and conductivity. Herein, a new insight is proposed to prepare high performance AEMs by constructing of confined ion channel. With an intermediate oligomer produced before the main copolymerization, novel poly(vinyl‐carbazolyl aryl piperidinium) AEMs with confined sub‐2‐nm ion channel are successfully prepared. The unique sub‐2‐nm ion channel enable membranes ultrahigh hydroxide conductivity of 261.6 mS cm−1, and the state‐of‐the‐art chemical stability over 5000 h. Moreover, the AEMs also exhibit good mechanical stability with lower water uptake and dimensional swelling. Based on the as‐prepared AEMs and ionomer, fuel cells exhibit outstanding peak power density of 1.8 and 0.2 W cm−2 with Pt‐based catalysts and completely non‐precious metal catalysts, respectively.
Extracellular Vesicles Play a Central Role in Cerebral Venous Disease‐Associated Brain Atrophy
Authors: Wang Jia‐Yu , Li Jing‐Ying , Luo Dan , Huang Mei‐Ying , Ao Dong‐Hui , Liu Xin‐nan , Wang Xia , Ge Wei , Zhu Yi‐Cheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCerebral venous abnormalities, distinct from traditional arterial diseases, have been linked to brain atrophy in a previous community‐based cohort study, specifically in relation to the reduction of deep medullary veins (r‐DMVs). To better understand the properties and biological functions of serum extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cerebral venous disease‐associated brain atrophy, EVs are extracted from the serum of both participants with r‐DMV and normal controls and analyzed their proteomic profiles using Tandem Mass Tag label quantitation analysis. Phenotypic experiments showed that EVs from individuals with r‐DMVs are able to disrupt the normal functions of neurons, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells, and induce A1 reactive astrocytes. Additionally, this study provided a comprehensive characterization of the proteomic profile of DMV EVs and found that the collagen hydroxyproline is upregulated, while complement C3 is downregulated in the r‐DMV group, suggesting that r‐DMV may not be a simple pathological phenomenon and highlighting the potential involvement of EVs in the progression of brain atrophy in r‐DMVs which has implications for the development of future therapeutic strategies.
Calibration accuracy of requirement factor and sorption studies for fertilizer recommendation
Authors: Mbangi Awonke , Nongqwenga Nqaba , Mabhaudhi Tafadzwanashe 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe inconsistent and incoherent approaches by fertilizer recommendations to index crop response has prompted the search for alternative approaches. Some of the problems stem from the overlooking of fundamental soil properties that govern the soil solution, which is where plant roots absorb nutrients for growth. A comparison was made between two contrasting equilibration techniques to evaluate their precision in estimating crop response. Sorption isotherms for phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were compared to requirement factors. Phosphorus sorption isotherms were determined following the batch equilibration technique. Potassium was developed following equilibration with graded K levels. The requirement factors of both P and K were determined following a 6‐week incubation with four different levels of fertilization. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), mustard (Brassica juncea), and maize (Zea mays) were used as test crops. The growth parameters measured included biomass (g), height (cm), and leaf area index. At harvest, yield (g pot−1) and uptake (mg pot−1) were also recorded. Linear correlation studies were carried out to evaluate the association between treatments and the growth parameters of the tested crops. Results showed no significant difference (p < 0.05) in maize growth parameters between the equilibration methods, despite the sorption isotherms estimating higher levels of P and K. The sorption isotherms for P and K were 1.7 and 9.8 times higher than their respective requirement factors. The crop response, although relatively similar in both methods, was weakly correlated with the sorption‐estimated nutrient levels, indicating an overestimation of nutrients. Therefore, the requirement factors were deemed to be a more precise equilibration technique for estimating nutrient levels.
Identification and characterization of microplastics in nasal irrigation fluids: A preliminary study
Authors: Kim Seong Hee , Kim Juyang , Park Seul‐Ah , Jung Jaehak , Kim Kyung Soo , Min Hyun Jin 
Published: July 2023

Key points
Microplastics were identified in nasal irrigations
Polypropylenes, which were the main component of the nozzle, were commonly identified
Additional studies are needed to understand the biological relevance of microplastics in nasal irrigations
A Membrane Tension‐Responsive Mechanosensitive DNA Nanomachine
Authors: Zheng Haoran , Li Haidong , Li Mingqiang , Zhai Tingting , Xie Xiaodong , Li Cong , Jing Xinxin , Liang Chengpin , Li Qian , Zuo Xiaolei , Li Jiang , Fan Jiangli , Shen Jianlei , Peng Xiaojun , Fan Chunhai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMembrane curvature reflects physical forces operating on the lipid membrane, which plays important roles in cellular processes. Here, we design a mechanosensitive DNA (MSD) nanomachine that mimics natural mechanosensitive PIEZO channels to convert the membrane tension changes of lipid vesicles with different sizes into fluorescence signals in real time. The MSD nanomachine consists of an archetypical six‐helix‐bundle DNA nanopore, cholesterol‐based membrane anchors, and a solvatochromic fluorophore, spiropyran (SP). We find that the DNA nanopore effectively amplifies subtle variations of the membrane tension, which effectively induces the isomerization of weakly emissive SP into highly emissive merocyanine isomers for visualizing membrane tension changes. By measuring the membrane tension via the fluorescence of MSD nanomachine, we establish the correlation between the membrane tension and the curvature that follows the Young‐Laplace equation. This DNA nanotechnology‐enabled strategy opens new routes to studying membrane mechanics in physiological and pathological settings.
Overlooked Formation of Carbonate Radical Anions in the Oxidation of Iron(II) by Oxygen in the Presence of Bicarbonate
Authors: Kottapurath Vijay Aswin , Sharma Virender K. , Meyerstein Dan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIron(II), (Fe(H2O)62+, (FeII) participates in many reactions of natural and biological importance. It is critically important to understand the rates and the mechanism of FeII oxidation by dissolved molecular oxygen, O2, under environmental conditions containing bicarbonate (HCO3−), which exists up to millimolar concentrations. In the absence and presence of HCO3−, the formation of reactive oxygen species (O2⋅−, H2O2, and HO⋅) in FeII oxidation by O2 has been suggested. In contrast, our study demonstrates for the first time the rapid generation of carbonate radical anions (CO3⋅−) in the oxidation of FeII by O2 in the presence of bicarbonate, HCO3−. The rate of the formation of CO3⋅− may be expressed as d[CO3⋅−]/dt=[FeII[[O2][HCO3−]2. The formation of reactive species was investigated using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and gas chromatographic techniques. The study presented herein provides new insights into the reaction mechanism of FeII oxidation by O2 in the presence of bicarbonate and highlights the importance of considering the formation of CO3⋅− in the geochemical cycling of iron and carbon.
Organic Electrochemical Transistor Based on Hydrophobic Polymer Tuned by Ionic Gels
Authors: He Rongxiang , Lv Aifeng , Jiang Xingyu , Cai Chang , Wang Yazhou , Yue Wan , Huang Lizhen , Yin Xue‐Bo , Chi Lifeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHydrophobic conjugated polymers have poor ionic transport property, so hydrophilic side chains are often grafted for their application as organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). However, this modification lowers their charge transport ability. Here, an ionic gel interfacial layer is applied to improve the ionic transport while retaining the charge transport ability of the polymers. By using the ionic gels comprising gel matrix and ionic liquids as the interfacial layers, the hydrophobic polymer achieves the OECT feature with high transconductance, low threshold voltage, high current on/off ratio, short switching time, and high operational stability. The working mechanism is also revealed. Moreover, the OECT performance can be tuned by varying the types and ratios of ionic gels. With the proposed ionic gel strategy, OECTs can be effectively realized with hydrophobic conjugated polymers.
Closed‐Loop Recycling of Vinylogous Urethane Vitrimers
Authors: Ma Youwei , Jiang Xuesong , Shi Zixing , Berrocal José Augusto , Weder Christoph 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDevising energy‐efficient strategies for the depolymerization of plastics and the recovery of their structural components in high yield and purity is key to a circular plastics economy. Here, we report a case study in which we demonstrate that vinylogous urethane (VU) vitrimers synthesized from bis‐polyethylene glycol acetoacetates (aPEG) and tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine can be degraded by water at moderate temperature with almost quantitative recovery (≈98 %) of aPEG. The rate of depolymerization can be controlled by the temperature, amount of water, molecular weight of aPEG, and composition of the starting material. These last two parameters also allow one to tailor the mechanical properties of the final materials, and this was used to access soft, tough, and brittle vitrimers, respectively. The straightforward preparation and depolymerization of the aPEG‐based VU vitrimers are interesting elements for the design of polymer materials with enhanced closed‐loop recycling characteristics.
Bis‐Alkylureido Imidazole Artificial Water Channels
Authors: Su Dan‐Dan , Ulrich Sébastien , Barboiu Mihail 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNature creates aquaporins to effectively transport water, rejecting all ions including protons. Aquaporins (AQPs) has brought inspiration for the development of Artificial Water Channels (AWCs). Imidazole‐quartet (I‐quartet) was the first AWC that enabled to self‐assemble a tubular backbone for rapid water and proton permeation with total ion rejection. Here, we report the discovery of bis‐alkylureido imidazole compounds, which outperform the I‐quartets by exhibiting ≈3 times higher net and single channel permeabilities (107 H2O/s/channel) and a ≈2–3 times lower proton conductance. The higher water conductance regime is associated to the high partition of more hydrophobic bis‐alkylureido channels in the membrane and to their pore sizes, experiencing larger fluctuations, leading to an increase in the number of water molecules in the channel, with decreasing H‐bonding connectivity. This new class of AWCs will open new pathways toward scalable membranes with enhanced water transport performances.