bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement Analysis of Ice Ball Size during CT-Guided Cryoablation Procedures for Better Prediction of Final Ice Ball Size and Avoidance of Complications
Authors: Al-Assam Hayder , Botchu Rajesh , Azzopardi Christine , Stevenson Jonathan Daniel , James Steven L. , Patel Anish 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction Cryoablation is the destruction of living tissue by the application of extreme freezing temperature. There has been an increase in the use of cryoablation in the management of musculoskeletal lesions, in particular fibromatosis.
Aim This study aimed to measure the average and relative increase in size of the cryoablation ice ball after the first (10 minutes) and second freeze cycles (20 minutes) to accurately predict the size of the ice ball between first and second freezes to help prevent any unwanted damage of the nearby skin and neurovascular structures. This is especially important when ablating in relatively small body parts such as in the appendicular skeleton.
Material and Methods Eight patients treated with cryoablation over a 12-month period for fibromatosis were, included in the study. The size and volume of the ice ball were measured during the first and second cycle of cryoablation.
Results The average patient age of the cohort was 35.6 years old (min 28 and max 43). There was female predominance in the study (3:2, F:M). There was a significant increase (26%) in the linear dimensions and almost doubling in the volume of the ice ball between freeze cycles (p-value = 0.0037 for dimensions and p-value = 0.0002 for volumes).
Conclusion This pilot study is a preliminary attempt to predict the eventual size of the ice ball during cryoablation procedures when treating cases of fibromatosis. This should help in planning cryoablation to ensure decrease morbidity by preventing injury to adjacent critical structures (neurovascular bundle and skin).
Utilizing cyberplace managers to prevent and control cybercrimes: a vignette experimental study
Authors: Ho Heemeng , Gilmour John , Mazerolle Lorraine , Ko Ryan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPlace management is central to Routine Activities Theory and proactive utilization of place managers is one of 25 Situational Crime Prevention techniques. Yet little is known about the effectiveness of using place managers to prevent cybercrimes. This paper uses a vignette experimental survey of 213 cybersecurity professionals to explore their perceptions of cybercrime prevention. We find that organizations that partner with and proactively utilize cybersecurity professionals as place managers are perceived as more effective in controlling cybercrimes than those organizations that do not specifically assign professionals to proactively prevent and control cybercrimes. We conclude that assigned cyberplace managers are more likely to use their cyber skills and knowledge than those who lack the time and space to utilize their cyber expertise.
Local additivity revisited
Authors: Ruskai Mary Beth , Yard Jon 
Published: March 2023

We make a number of simplifications in Gour and Friedland’s proof of local additivity of the minimum output entropy of a quantum channel. We follow them in reframing the question as one about the entanglement entropy of bipartite states associated with a dB × dE matrix. We use a different approach to reduce the general case to that of a square positive definite matrix. We use the integral representation of the log to obtain expressions for the first and second derivatives of the entropy, and then exploit the modular operator and functional calculus to streamline the proof following their underlying strategy. We also extend this result to the maximum relative entropy with respect to a fixed reference state, which has important implications for studying the superadditivity of the capacity of a quantum channel to transmit classical information.
High resolution Thomson scattering diagnostic for measurements of radial profiles of electron temperature and density in the gas dynamic trap
Authors: Lizunov A. , Berbasova T. , Khilchenko A. , Kvashnin A. , Puryga E. , Sandomirsky A. , Zubarev P. 
Published: March 2023

The incoherent Thomson scattering diagnostic with multiple lines of sight is installed at the gas dynamic trap (GDT) for measurements of radial profiles of the plasma electron temperature and density. The diagnostic is built on the Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm. The laser input beamline is provided with an automatic system for alignment status monitoring and correction. The collecting lens uses ∼90° scattering geometry having 11 lines of sight in total. Presently, six of them (covering the full plasma radius from the axis to the limiter) are equipped with high etendue (f/2.4) interference filter spectrometers. The design of the spectrometer’s data acquisition system based on the “time stretch” principle allowed for the 12 bits vertical resolution with a sampling rate of 5 GSample/s and a maximum sustainable measurement repetition frequency of 40 kHz. The repetition frequency is the crucial parameter for the study of plasma dynamics with a new pulse burst laser to be started in early 2023. Results of the diagnostic operation in several GDT campaigns show that radial profiles are routinely delivered with the typical observation error of 2%–3% for Te ⩾ 20 eV in a single pulse. After Raman scattering calibration, the diagnostic is capable to measure the electron density profile with the resolution ne(min)≃4⋅1018m−3 and error bars of 5%.
Measurement of vibrating modes for a shell resonator by using dual-interferometers
Authors: Yu Hoon , Kwon Tae Yoon 
Published: March 2023

A shell resonator shaped as a half-toroidal has several vibration modes including wine-glass mode. Coriolis force induces the precession of certain vibrating modes, such as wine-glass vibration under a rotation. Therefore, shell resonators can be used to measure the rotations or rotation rates. The quality factor of the vibrating mode is a key parameter for reducing noise as a rotation sensor or gyroscope. This paper demonstrates how to measure the vibrating mode, resonance frequency, and quality factor of a shell resonator by using dual Michelson interferometers. Interferometers simultaneously measure the x and y motions of the resonator when a vibration mode is excited. A buzzer attached to one of the mounting walls excites vibrations via transferring energy. The n = 2 wine-glass mode is measured when two interferometric phases are in out-of-phase condition. The tilting mode is also measured for the case of in-phase conditions, and one of the interferometers has a smaller amplitude than another. The shell resonator manufactured by the blow-torching method here has 13.4 s (Q = 2.7 × 105) and 2.2 s (Q = 2.2 × 104) in life-time (Quality factor) for n = 2 wine-glass and tilting modes, respectively, at 9.7 mTorr. The resonant frequencies are also measured at 6.53 and 3.12 kHz. We can distinguish the resonator’s vibrating mode with a single detection rather than the whole scanning of the resonator’s deformation by using this method.
A highly stable and fully tunable open microcavity platform at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Pallmann Maximilian , Eichhorn Timon , Benedikter Julia , Casabone Bernardo , Hümmer Thomas , Hunger David 
Published: March 2023

Open-access microcavities are a powerful tool to enhance light–matter interactions for solid-state quantum and nanosystems and are key to advance applications in quantum technologies. For this purpose, the cavities should simultaneously meet two conflicting requirements—full tunability to cope with spatial and spectral inhomogeneities of a material and highest stability under operation in a cryogenic environment to maintain resonance conditions. To tackle this challenge, we have developed a fully tunable, open-access, fiber-based Fabry–Pérot microcavity platform that can be operated under increased noise levels in a closed-cycle cryostat. It comprises custom-designed monolithic micro- and nanopositioning elements with up to mm-scale travel range that achieve a passive cavity length stability at low temperature of only 15 pm rms in a closed-cycle cryostat and 5 pm in a more quiet flow cryostat. This can be further improved by active stabilization, and even higher stability is obtained under direct mechanical contact between the cavity mirrors, yielding 0.8 pm rms during the quiet phase of the closed-cycle cryocooler. The platform provides the operation of cryogenic cavities with high finesse and small mode volume for strong enhancement of light–matter interactions, opening up novel possibilities for experiments with a great variety of quantum and nanomaterials.
Battery-powered FPGA-based embedded system for ultrasonic pipe inspection and gauging systems
Authors: Kumar N. Pavan , Patankar V. H. 
Published: March 2023

A water-immersible battery-powered field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based embedded system is a most suitable tool required to check the health of the pipe operating under harsh conditions. A novel, water-immersible, battery-powered, compact, stand-alone and FPGA-based embedded system has been designed and developed, which is suitable for ultrasonic pipe inspection and gauging systems useful for major applications in the petrochemical and nuclear industries. The developed FPGA-based embedded system is operated with lithium-ion batteries for more than five hours, and the IP67-grade system modules are capable of floating inside the pipe along with the flow of oil or water. Such applications require a system that is capable of acquiring large data under water-immersed conditions of battery-operated instrumentation. The onboard Double Data Rate (DDR) RAM of the FPGA module has been utilized for the storage of the 256 MBytes streams of A-scan data during evaluation for more than five hours. The experimentation of the battery-powered embedded system was carried out inside two samples of SS and MS pipes with the help of the in-house developed nylon inspection-head installed with two sets of spring-loaded eight Teflon balls and two 5 MHz focused immersion transducers placed along the circumference at 180° apart. This paper provides brief details of the design, development, and evaluation phases of the battery-powered water-immersible embedded system suitable for ultrasonic pipe inspection and gauging, which can be expanded to 256 channels for demanding applications.
New method for determining time constant of resistors
Authors: Wang Yicheng , Jarrett Dean , Koffman Andrew , Schlamminger Stephan 
Published: March 2023

We report a new method for determining the time constant of ac resistors with values around 10 kΩ using a digital impedance bridge for the comparison of two nominally equal resistors. This method involves adding a probing capacitor in parallel to one of the resistors to induce a quadratic frequency dependence in the real component of the admittance ratio between the two resistors. The magnitude of this quadratic effect is proportional to the self-capacitance of the unperturbed resistor, enabling us to determine its value and the associated time constant with an estimated standard uncertainty (k = 1) of 0.02 pF and 0.2 ns, respectively.
Index
Authors: Taşar Mehmet Fatih , Heron Paula R. L. 
Published: March 2023

The International Handbook of Physics Education Research: Learning Physics covers the subject matter and cognitive aspects of physics learning. As the field of physics education research grows, it is increasingly difficult for newcomers to gain an appreciation of the major findings across all sub-domains, discern global themes, and recognize gaps in the literature. The International Handbook of Physics Education Research: Learning Physics incorporates the understanding of both physics and education concepts and provides an extensive review of the literature in a wide range of important topics.
The International Handbook of Physics Education Research: Learning Physics includes:Subject matter instruction and problem solving with specific topics including factors in student achievement in physics.Cognitive aspects to learning physics, including collaborative learning, higher order learning, and fostering critical thinking skills.Information about student interest, attitudes, motivation, values, beliefs, and opinions toward learning physics.
Readers will find this comprehensive treatment of the literature useful in understanding physics education research and extending to all the physical sciences including chemistry, mathematics, astronomy, and other related disciplines.
Introduction
Authors: Taşar Mehmet Fatih , Heron Paula R. L. 
Published: March 2023

The International Handbook of Physics Education Research: Learning Physics covers the subject matter and cognitive aspects of physics learning. As the field of physics education research grows, it is increasingly difficult for newcomers to gain an appreciation of the major findings across all sub-domains, discern global themes, and recognize gaps in the literature. The International Handbook of Physics Education Research: Learning Physics incorporates the understanding of both physics and education concepts and provides an extensive review of the literature in a wide range of important topics.
The International Handbook of Physics Education Research: Learning Physics includes:Subject matter instruction and problem solving with specific topics including factors in student achievement in physics.Cognitive aspects to learning physics, including collaborative learning, higher order learning, and fostering critical thinking skills.Information about student interest, attitudes, motivation, values, beliefs, and opinions toward learning physics.
Readers will find this comprehensive treatment of the literature useful in understanding physics education research and extending to all the physical sciences including chemistry, mathematics, astronomy, and other related disciplines.
Introduction
Authors: Taşar Mehmet Fatih , Heron Paula R. L. 
Published: March 2023

The International Handbook of Physics Education Research: Teaching Physics covers the topics of educational technologies, learning environments, teacher education, and assessment in relation to physics education. As the field of physics education research grows, it is increasingly difficult for newcomers to gain an appreciation of the major findings across all sub-domains, discern global themes, and recognize gaps in the literature. The current volume incorporates the understanding of both physics and education concepts and provides an extensive review the literature in a wide range of important topics.
The International Handbook of Physics Education Research: Teaching Physics includes:Various teaching perspectives including active learning, the modeling method, and teaching environments.Distance/online education, formative and summative assessment, and assessment in online education.Gender, race, and ethnicity equity.
Readers will find this comprehensive treatment of the literature useful in understanding physics education research and extending to all the physical sciences including chemistry, mathematics, astronomy, and other related disciplines.
NHA1 is a cation/proton antiporter essential for the water-conserving functions of the rectal complex in
Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Naseem Muhammad T. , Beaven Robin , Koyama Takashi , Naz Sehrish , Su Sheng-yuan , Leader David P. , A. Klaerke Dan , Calloe Kirstine , Denholm Barry , Halberg Kenneth V. 
Published: March 2023

More than half of all extant metazoan species on earth are insects. The evolutionary success of insects is linked with their ability to osmoregulate, suggesting that they have evolved unique physiological mechanisms to maintain water balance. In beetles (Coleoptera)—the largest group of insects—a specialized rectal (“cryptonephridial”) complex has evolved that recovers water from the rectum destined for excretion and recycles it back to the body. However, the molecular mechanisms underpinning the remarkable water-conserving functions of this system are unknown. Here, we introduce a transcriptomic resource, BeetleAtlas.org, for the exceptionally desiccation-tolerant red flour beetle
Tribolium castaneum,
and demonstrate its utility by identifying a cation/H
+
antiporter (NHA1) that is enriched and functionally significant in the
Tribolium
rectal complex. NHA1 localizes exclusively to a specialized cell type, the leptophragmata, in the distal region of the Malpighian tubules associated with the rectal complex. Computational modeling and electrophysiological characterization in
Xenopus oocytes
show that NHA1 acts as an electroneutral K
+
/H
+
antiporter. Furthermore, genetic silencing of
Nha1
dramatically increases excretory water loss and reduces organismal survival during desiccation stress, implying that NHA1 activity is essential for maintaining systemic water balance. Finally, we show that Tiptop, a conserved transcription factor, regulates NHA1 expression in leptophragmata and controls leptophragmata maturation, illuminating the developmental mechanism that establishes the functions of this cell. Together, our work provides insights into the molecular architecture underpinning the function of one of the most powerful water-conserving mechanisms in nature, the beetle rectal complex.
Switching of electromagnetic induced transparency in terahertz metasurface
Authors: Mishra Prateek , Srivastava Vibhu , Kumar Sanjeev , Rana Dhanvir Singh , Mishra Yogendra Kumar , Sunny  
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We demonstrate functional switching of electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) in terahertz (THz) metasurface. We first simulated and fabricated two metasurfaces that have light difference in their unit cell design. THz time domain spectroscopy of fabricated metasurfaces shows that two metasurfaces have almost similar transmission spectra but one of them possesses EIT while the second does not. To implement functional switching of EIT, we show numerically that characteristics of both metasurfaces can be achieved by a single hybrid metasurface containing a phase change material, Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST). GST has a large contrast in THz material properties in its crystalline and amorphous phases and its phase can be rapidly interchanged by external stimuli. We incorporated GST in the unit cell and show that phase change of GST portion in the metasurface unit cell at a specific location modulates the transmission spectra working as an EIT switch. EIT in the metasurface is attributed to coupling of two opposite phases bright resonance modes supported by the unit cell. The group delay of the transmitted THz radiation indicates that THz wave slows down significantly at EIT frequency. The dynamic interplay between two different responses within a single hybrid metasurface can have applications in biosensors, THz buffers, modulators, and other functional THz communication devices.
Improving the charge carrier separation efficiency at the perovskite/carbon electrode interface in HTL-free carbon-based perovskite solar cells via physical polishing
Authors: Zhao Zeren , Wu Yulin , Wu Shan , Li Chao , Ma Fangyuan , Ma Mengmeng , Tang Xuan , Wang Jinyao , Zhou Liya , He Xipu , Wang Zhijie , Liu Kong , Yue Shizhong , Qu Shengchun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) are favored by researchers for their low cost and support for large-scale production. However, the particles precipitated on the surface of the perovskite (PVK) film can affect the fabrication and operation of C-PSC, such as disrupting the coating of C electrode film and producing defects that can aggravate the carrier recombination. Herein a reliable and efficient C-PSC is prepared by applying a physical polishing strategy. The compact interface contact and the larger Fermi level difference at the carbon-PVK (C/PVK) interface are achieved, resulting in a 21.4% increase in power conversion efficiency compared to that without polishing. A hole-transport-layer-free C-PSC with an efficiency of 12.2% is achieved, resulting from the reduction of PVK surface roughness and defects that cause non-radiative recombination. It is revealed that the physical polishing can reduce the root mean square roughness from 15.9 nm to 1.2 nm, facilitating the screen printing of the C electrode. The carrier lifetime of the PVK film also increases from 39.9 ns to 73.3 ns, which improves the photocurrent of the solar cell. We believe that the improved C/PVK interface contact will provide a solid foundation for the future large-scale commercial production of PSCs.
Gas flow calibration standard device for working site
Authors: Niu LiNa , Yang GuangLei , Yang ShiQi , Zang XianLe , Song YaJing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A portable on-site gas flow standard device based on the standard meter method is designed to ensure metering accuracy in the natural gas trade. The standard device is optimized using computation fluid dynamics simulation technology. The acquisition of high and low frequency pulse signals, video photoelectric signals, and manual trigger signals is realized. Non-fixed-point measurement is realized by corrected linear interpolation of fixed-point and least-squares construction of the instrument coefficient correlation. The flow rate range of the device is (0.65–650) m3 h−1 and the expanded uncertainty is 0.33% (k= 2). The device is compact, portable, and can be carried on a vehicle for on-site application. The device is compared with the bell-type gas flow standard device and the sonic nozzle gas flow standard device of Hebei Metrology Supervision and Inspection Institute. The experimental results show that the E
n value of the device is 0.67, and the measurement repeatability is better than 0.12 %.
Deep learning-based methods in structural reliability analysis: a review
Authors: Afshari Sajad Saraygord , Zhao Chuan , Zhuang Xinchen , Liang Xihui 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
One of the most significant and growing research fields in mechanical and civil engineering is structural reliability analysis (SRA). A reliable and precise SRA usually has to deal with complicated and numerically expensive problems. Artificial intelligence-based, and specifically, Deep learning-based (DL) methods, have been applied to the SRA problems to reduce the computational cost and to improve the accuracy of reliability estimation as well. This article reviews the recent advances in using DL models in SRA problems. The review includes the most common categories of DL-based methods used in SRA. More specifically, the application of supervised methods, unsupervised methods, and hybrid DL methods in SRA are explained. In this paper, the supervised methods for SRA are categorized as multi-layer perceptron, convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, long short-term memory, Bidirectional LSTM and gated recurrent units. For the unsupervised methods, we have investigated methods such as generative adversarial network, autoencoders, self-organizing map, restricted Boltzmann machine, and deep belief network. We have made a comprehensive survey of these methods in SRA. Aiming towards an efficient SRA, DL-based methods applied for approximating the limit state function with first/second order reliability methods, Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), or MCS with importance sampling. Accordingly, the current paper focuses on the structure of different DL-based models and the applications of each DL method in various SRA problems. This survey helps researchers in mechanical and civil engineering, especially those who are engaged with structural and reliability analysis or dealing with quality assurance problems.