bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioindicators of edge effects within Atlantic Forest remnants: Conservation implications in a threatened biodiversity hotspot
Authors: de la Sancha Noé U. , González‐Maya José F. , Boyle Sarah A. , Pérez‐Estigarribia Pastor E. , Urbina‐Cardona J. Nicolas , McIntyre Nancy E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimDeforestation of the Atlantic Forest of eastern Paraguay has been recent but extensive, resulting in a fragmented landscape highly influenced by forest edges. We examined edge effects on multiple dimensions of small mammalian diversity.LocationForest fragments of eastern Paraguayan Atlantic Forest.MethodsWe trapped small mammal species at different distances from the forest edge (DTE) in reserves and estimated multiple dimensions of diversity per site. Similarity analysis identified species clusters that best described the patterns of diversity across reserves. Multivariate ordination and linear mixed models were used to determine the influence of DTE on various dimensions of small mammal diversity.ResultsThere was an increase in richness and abundance along a DTE gradient, and remnants with higher edge:area ratios showed higher richness and abundance, independent of remnant size. Species at edges were generalists, open‐habitat species or exotic species (spillover effect). We found higher phylogenetic diversity and functional richness and divergence towards forest edges. Spillover of non‐forest and invasive species best explained richness, generalist forest species best explained total abundance, abundance of Hylaeamys megacephalus best explained diversity and evenness metrics and the presence of Marmosa paraguayana best explained various phylogenetic diversity models. None of the models that included megafauna or social factors were shown to be important in explaining patterns as a function of DTE.Main ConclusionsWe found strong support for a spillover effect and mixed support for complementary resource use and enhanced habitat resources associated with ecotones. Generalists characterized edge assemblages but not all generalists were equivalent. Edges showed more phylogenetically and functionally distinct assemblages than the interior of remnants. There was a conservation of functional diversity; however, open‐habitat species, habitat generalists and exotic species boosted diversity near forest edges. Mechanisms governing diversity along forest edges are complex; disentangling those mechanisms necessitates the use of multiple dimensions of diversity.
A co‐formulation of pramlintide and insulin A21G (ADO09) improves postprandial glucose and short‐term control of mean glucose, time in range, and body weight versus insulin aspart in adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Andersen Grit , Eloy Rosy , Famulla Susanne , Heise Tim , Meiffren Grégory , Seroussi Cyril , Gaudier Martin , Mégret Claire , Chan You‐Ping , Soula Olivier , Riddle Matthew 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimPramlintide improves postprandial glucose but requires additional injections. We investigated the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, efficacy and safety of ADO09, pramlintide/insulin A21G co‐formulation, in type 1 diabetes (T1D).Materials and MethodsThis double‐blinded, randomized, two‐period cross‐over study compared prandial administration of ADO09 or insulin aspart over 24 days in T1D using either ≤40 U bolus insulin per day [low‐dose group (LD), n = 28] or 40‐75 U [high‐dose group (HD), n = 16]. Glycaemic responses through continuous glucose monitoring, and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics profiles following mixed‐meal‐tolerance tests were evaluated at baseline and at the end of treatment.ResultsGlucose increments from 0 to 4 h after mixed‐meal‐tolerance test (primary endpoint) were 39% (not statistically significantly) lower with ADO09 in the low‐dose group and 69% lower in the high‐dose group. Mean continuous glucose monitoring glucose during ambulatory treatment was lower with ADO09 than with aspart (LD: –8.2 ± 7.9 mg/dl, p = .0001; HD: –7.0 ± 10 mg/ml, p = .0127), and time‐in‐range (70–180 mg/dl) improved (LD: +4%, p = .0134; HD: +4%, p = .0432). Body weight declined significantly with ADO09 (LD: –0.8 kg; HD: –1.6 kg). Hypoglycaemic events were slightly more frequent with ADO09 versus aspart (LD: 142 vs. 115; HD: 96 vs. 79). Gastrointestinal events occurred more frequently with ADO09 but were generally transient, and no other safety signals were identified.ConclusionsIn comparison with aspart, ADO09 was well tolerated and effective in T1D across a wide range of dosage, significantly improving the average blood glucose level and body weight during 24 days of ambulatory treatment. Meal test profiles confirmed improvement of glycaemic patterns and other responses with ADO09.
The porosity distribution of nickel‐base single‐crystal superalloy DD5 and its fatigue life property
Authors: Li Piao , Susmel Luca , Jiang Wen , Yin Haibiao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe porosity of nickel‐base single crystals (NBSXs) is still an unavoidable casting problem that has a significant influence on the fatigue life of NBSXs. In order to quantify the porosity effect, a porosity‐distribution‐related life prediction method is proposed in this paper. The porosity size in a NBSX was measured, and the size distribution was regressed. The results show that the porosity size that is characterized by Feret's diameter follows a modified logarithmic normal distribution. The relation among the applied stress, porosity size, and lifetime is expressed by using the proposed method. The disperse band of S–N curve is investigated based on the probability distribution of the porosity size. The results show that the predicted S–N curve agrees well with the experimental data.
Disentangling thermal from alternative drivers of reflectance in jewel beetles: A macroecological study
Authors: Wang Lu‐Yi , Franklin Amanda M. , Hugall Andrew F. , Medina Iliana , Stuart‐Fox Devi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo predict future colour–climate relationships, it is important to distinguish thermal drivers of reflectance from other evolutionary drivers. We aimed to achieve this by comparing relationships between climate and coloration in ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and near‐infrared (NIR) light, separately.LocationSamples were distributed primarily across Australia and North America, with some from Africa and Asia.Major taxa studiedColeoptera: Buprestidae.MethodsWe used jewel beetles as models to identify climatic drivers of reflectance, because jewel beetles have highly diverse coloration and a wide distribution and are often active in hot conditions. Specifically, we tested the association between climate, body size and reflectance using a phylogenetic comparative analysis for three wavebands (UV–Vis, NIR and total).ResultsReflectance of jewel beetles was more strongly predicted by body size than by climate. NIR reflectance and total reflectance were not associated with climate, but larger beetles had higher NIR reflectance. For UV–Vis reflectance, small beetles were darker in warmer and more humid environments, whereas there was no association with climate for large beetles.Main conclusionsOur study suggests that variation in reflectance of jewel beetles is not driven by thermal requirements and highlights the importance of considering NIR reflectance when evaluating explanations of the effects of colour on thermoregulation.
Migraine aura‐like episodes following sclerotherapy for varicose veins of the lower extremities—A systematic review
Authors: Bahtiri Lionesa , Thomsen Andreas Vinther , Ashina Messoud , Hougaard Anders 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis systematic review provides a summary and evaluation of cases of migraine aura‐like episodes elicited by sclerotherapy of veins of the lower extremities and discusses possible underlying mechanisms.BackgroundSclerotherapy is a commonly used treatment for varicose veins. Symptoms resembling migraine aura have been reported during and following sclerotherapy of the lower extremities, suggesting that sclerotherapy may elicit migraine aura.MethodsWe searched PubMed for articles reporting neurological complications that were transient and fully reversible following sclerotherapy treatment for varicose veins in the lower limbs. There were no restrictions regarding article language or publication date. Only original studies and case reports were included. Two authors independently reviewed included articles in detail. Data were extracted from each article, including details on symptoms, previous migraine history, sclerotherapy method, and the presence of a right‐to‐left cardiac shunt in patients. We evaluated whether episodes fulfilled modified International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition, criteria for 1.2 Migraine with aura or 1.5.2 Probable migraine with aura.ResultsThe search yielded 777 articles, 28 of which were included. Twenty‐six articles reported 119 episodes of transient neurological symptoms in 34,500 sclerotherapy sessions. Two additional articles reported six episodes of transient neurological symptoms with no specification of the number of sessions. Of the 125 episodes, 119 involved transient visual disturbances, and eight met the modified criteria for Probable migraine with aura. In most episodes (98%), clinical information was insufficient to determine if the criteria were fulfilled.ConclusionsSymptoms that are clinically indistinguishable from migraine with aura attacks may occur following sclerotherapy, although this likely is rare. Microembolization through a right‐to‐left shunt triggering cortical spreading depolarization is a possible mechanism. Our findings are limited by infrequent specific assessments for neurological complications and a low level of detail in the description of symptoms in the available literature. Future prospective studies are needed to determine this phenomenon's incidence and underlying mechanisms.
Designing of passive cooling silicon oxynitride composite cement
Authors: Miyazaki Hidetoshi , Eguchi Kazuki , Tsuruda Mako 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSi2N2O, which shows high radiative cooling ability, was mixed and hardened with ordinary Portland cement to prepare cement specimens having radiative cooling abilities. The bulk cement specimens were prepared with diameters of 50 mm and two different thicknesses of 3 and 10 mm, and Si2N2O powder were mixed with 2 and 10 wt%. The temperatures of the blank specimen (without radiative cooling Si2N2O powder) and the cement composite specimens were measured in a thermostatic chamber maintained at ambient temperature, and the radiative cooling abilities of the specimens were evaluated. The obtained specimens showed a radiative cooling ability in the range 0.077–0.92 W/m2; thus, the results of this study suggested the possibility of a cement composite with passive cooling property.
RETRACTED: A meta‐analysis of the effect of endoscopic submucosal dissection compared with gastrectomy on the wound infection in early stomach cancer subjects
Authors: Sun Cheng , Liu Weilin , Jiang Jianye , Zhang Hongyan , Wang Pan , Sun Jing , Sun Aimin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe conducted a meta‐analysis to assess the effect of endoscopic submucosal dissection compared with gastrectomy on the wound infection in early stomach cancer subjects. A systematic literature search up to November 2022 was performed and 2765 related studies were evaluated. The chosen studies comprised 7842 early stomach cancer subjects participated in the selected studies' baseline trials; 3308 of them used the endoscopic submucosal dissection, while 4534 used gastrectomy. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the wound infection in endoscopic submucosal dissection versus gastrectomy for early stomach cancer by the dichotomous methods with a random or fixed effect model. The use of endoscopic submucosal dissection resulted in significantly lower wound infection (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.34–0.60, P < .001) with no heterogeneity (I2 = 8%) compared with the gastrectomy for early stomach cancer. The use of endoscopic submucosal dissection resulted in significantly lower wound infection compared with the gastrectomy for early stomach cancer. The small sample size of some studies in the comparison calls for care when analysing the results.
Contribution of ceramides metabolism in psychiatric disorders
Authors: Bernal‐Vega Sofía , García‐Juárez Martín , Camacho‐Morales Alberto 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPsychiatric disorders affect 970 million people worldwide, representing a significant source of disability. Although the underlying neurobiological traits for these disorders are not fully understood, a complex interplay between psychological, environmental, and biological factors contributes to their outcomes. Recent advances in lipidomic analysis and artificial intelligence algorithms have improved the identification of selective lipid species modulating the susceptibility to mental disorders. Sphingolipids (SLs) and ceramides‐related SLs are among the most abundant lipids species in the brain that support major key pathways during neurodevelopment and brain plasticity. High levels of ceramides in plasma and brain contribute to psychiatric illness susceptibility in humans and animal models. However, the neuropathological mechanism regarding the involvement of ceramides in these disorders remain inconclusive. The brain is highly susceptible to nutritional insults, which could lead to functional impairment and influence the development and progression of psychiatric disorders. While the brain relies on glucose metabolism to support its physiological needs, a selective nutrient formula appears to have greater effects on brain health than others. For instance, consumption of high‐energy diets is associated with brain anatomical, physiological, and metabolic changes, including ceramides metabolism. Herein, we will address the contribution of ceramides metabolism as a modulator of major psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and attention deficit‐hyperactivity disorder. We will also describe molecular and cellular targets of ceramides metabolism assisting the maintenance and progression of psychiatric disorders and their modulation by dietary formulas as non‐pharmacologic treatments.image
Applying human factors to improve patient safety, morale and team working for oral pathology and medicine specialists
Authors: Brennan Peter A. , Hardie John , Oeppen Rachel S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundHuman error is inevitable, and therefore can be considered as a ‘normal’ part of everyday life. Unfortunately, error can never be eliminated completely. However, learning from our mistakes can help reduce problems in future. Fifty years ago, most clinicians paid little or no attention to the human factors (HF) that can affect individual and team performance. It has only been in the last 20–25 years that colleagues in healthcare have truly begun recognizing the importance of HF and non‐technical skills in medicine and dentistry and how their application can significantly improve patient safety and aid better team working and staff morale in the clinical setting and laboratory.DiscussionPersonal factors such as stress, tiredness, hunger and dehydration all reduce human performance and can raise the risk of mistakes. In addition, how we work and interact with the wider team is important since many errors can occur because of ineffective communication, steep hierarchal (authority) gradients and loss of situational awareness. This short HF overview in the 50th commemorative special of JOPM issue is timely. It provides a contemporary overview of human factors and performance that the authors consider important for oral medicine and pathology colleagues and which can affect individuals and teams This article also discuss ways to reduce the chances of medical and dental error and improve patient safety.
Solid‐phase microextraction and cuticular hydrocarbon differences related to reproductive activity in juniper bark borer Semanotus bifasciatus Motschulsky
Authors: Fang Jia‐Xing , Chen Da‐Feng , Shi Xia , Zhang Su‐Fang , Liu Fu , Shen Wei‐Xing , Jia Chun‐Yan , Ma Shen‐Cheng , Zhang Zhen , Kong Xiang‐Bo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCuticular hydrocarbons of Cerambycidae species can function as signals for sex recognition. Little is known about the copulatory signals of the juniper bark borer Semanotus bifasciatus, a major economic threat to Platycladus orientalis Franco in China. Here, we investigated the cuticular hydrocarbons of both sexes of S. bifasciatus to determine the chemically mediated mating signals using the solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) technique with carbowax/divinylbenzene fibers (CAR/DVB) and then analyzed by coupled gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). A series of aliphatic saturated straight‐chain n‐alkanes (n‐C23 to n‐C28), internally branched monomethylalkanes at carbons 3, 11, or 13, and dimethylalkanes were identified, which showed no qualitative differences in either sex and were similar in the samples with SPME fiber extraction and those with hexane extraction. The bioassay showed that 11‐methylpentacosane (11‐MeC25), 11‐methylhexacosane (11‐MeC26), and 11‐methylheptacosane (11‐MeC27) have sex‐specific recognition functions that triggered more mating attempts at a female‐specific ratio of 100:4:60 than at a male‐specific ratio of 100:85:50. In addition, the female‐specific ratio of 11‐methylalkanes can elicit about 70% of male mating attempts within about 60 s, whereas live females elicit about 98% of male mating attempts within 25 s. The discrepancy in the initiation of mating attempts by synthetic mixtures and live females suggests that the methyl isomers 3‐MeC25, 3‐MeC27, and/or 11,15‐diMeC27 may also be involved in the mating behavior of S. bifasciatus. These results suggest that 11‐MeC25, 11‐MeC26, and 11‐MeC27 constitute the contact sex pheromone of S. bifasciatus, with the presence or absence of 11‐MeC26 in particular playing an important role in mate recognition by males.
Autochthonous Babesia canis infections in 49 dogs in Germany
Authors: Weingart Christiane , Helm Christina S. , Müller Elisabeth , Schäfer Ingo , Skrodzki Marianne , von Samson‐Himmelstjerna Georg , Krücken Jürgen , Kohn Barbara 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundVector‐borne diseases are of increasing importance in Germany. Since 2015, autochthonous cases have been increasingly documented in Berlin/Brandenburg.ObjectivesDescribe autochthonous Babesia canis infection in the Berlin/Brandenburg region.AnimalsForty‐nine dogs with autochthonous B. canis infection.MethodsEvaluation of history, clinical signs, laboratory abnormalities, treatment, and outcome.ResultsDogs were presented between March and August (9) and September and January (40) in the years 2015‐2021. Historical and clinical findings were lethargy (100%), pale mucous membranes (63%), fever (50%), and pigmenturia (52%). Common clinicopathological findings were thrombocytopenia (100%), anemia (85%), intravascular hemolysis (52%), pancytopenia (41%), and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS; 37%). Babesia detection was based on blood smear evaluation (n = 40) and PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene of piroplasms (n = 49). Sequencing indicated 99.47% to 100% identity to B. canis sequences from GenBank. All dogs were treated with imidocarb (2.4‐6.3 mg/kg; median, 5 mg/kg); 8 dogs received 1, 35 received 2, and 1 dog each received 3, 4, or 5 injections, respectively. Continued PCR‐positive results were detected in 7 dogs after the 1st, in 5 after the 2nd, in 2 after the 3rd, and in 1 28 days after the 4th injection. Four dogs were euthanized and 3 dogs died.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAutochthonous B. canis infections in Berlin/Brandenburg were associated with severe clinicopathological changes, SIRS, and multiorgan involvement. Testing by PCR during and after treatment is advisable to monitor treatment success. Screening of blood donors in high‐risk areas and year‐round tick protection is strongly recommended.
Eudaimonic wellbeing and life expectancy
Authors: Becchetti Leonardo , Pisani Fabio , Acar Berkan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe investigate the relationship between eudaimonic wellbeing (sense of life) and subjective survival probability (SSP), a proxy for self‐assessed life expectancy. Our econometric analysis uses 220,601 observations of SHARE panel data from 2006 to 2015. We find evidence of a robust and strong positive relationship between eudaimonic wellbeing and subjective survival probability after controlling for self‐assessed health, coupled with a negative effect of sense of life on mortality. The magnitude of the first effect is relevant, since the minimum difference (adjusted for fixed effects) between individuals declaring the highest versus the lowest sense of life is a 7‐point higher self‐assessed probability of being alive at the target age. Together, our two main findings imply that when respondents declare a high sense of life, they self‐report a lower mortality risk and their predictions are correct.
The accessory protein TagV is required for full Type VI secretion system activity in Serratia marcescens
Authors: Reglinski Mark , Monlezun Laura , Coulthurst Sarah J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe bacterial Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a dynamic macromolecular structure that promotes inter‐ and intra‐species competition through the delivery of toxic effector proteins into neighbouring cells. The T6SS contains 14 well‐characterised core proteins necessary for effector delivery (TssA‐M, PAAR). In this study, we have identified a novel accessory component required for optimal T6SS activity in the opportunistic pathogen Serratia marcescens, which we name TagV. Deletion of tagV, which encodes an outer membrane lipoprotein, caused a reduction in the T6SS‐dependent antibacterial activity of S. marcescens Db10. Mutants of S. marcescens lacking the core component TssJ, a distinct outer membrane lipoprotein previously considered essential for T6SS firing, retained a modest T6SS activity that could be abolished through deletion of tagV. TagV did not interact with the T6SS membrane complex proteins TssL or TssM, but is proposed to bind to peptidoglycan, indicating that the mechanism by which TagV promotes T6SS firing differs from that of TssJ. Homologues of tagV were identified in several other bacterial genera, suggesting that the accessory function of TagV is not restricted to S. marcescens. Together, our findings support the existence of a second, TssJ‐independent mechanism for T6SS firing that is dependent upon the activity of TagV proteins.