bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supervision without regulation: Discount limits at the Austro–Hungarian Bank, 1909–13
Authors: Jobst Clemens , Rieder Kilian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe show that nineteenth century central banks could use credit limits for discount loans as a means to enforce supervisory standards long before they had any formal regulatory powers. Drawing on novel microdata from the Austro–Hungarian Bank's archives, we document that credit limits were continuously monitored and that their size was contingent on counterparties’ liquidity and capital position. Counterparties had an economic motive to abide by informal prudential ‘rules of the game’: higher credit limits enabled counterparties to streamline their day‐to‐day liquidity management. We exploit the heterogeneous exposure of counterparties to an exogenous liquidity shock to evidence that the Bank relaxed credit limits during crises to fulfil its role as a lender of last resort.
“I miss not being able to offer my couples a box of tissues…”: Couples' and therapists' perspectives on the therapeutic alliance with the transition to online couple therapy
Authors: Aviram Alon , Nadan Yochay 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to advance theory concerning the experiences of couples and therapists involved in online couple therapy and the meanings they assign to them, with a particular focus on the therapeutic alliance. Using constructivist grounded theory methodology, in‐depth semi‐structured online interviews were conducted with 36 individuals, including 18 couples who had participated in online couple therapy via videoconference. Additionally, 15 couple and family therapists were interviewed in four online focus groups. Our analysis indicates three dimensions that impact the formation of the therapeutic alliance in online couple therapy: (1) emotional closeness, as a conduit for establishing physical or emotional space; (2) limited care, due to the therapist's difficulty providing comfort and security; and (3) body language, as reflected in the lack of physical presence and the close inspection of the face, at two opposite ends of a continuum. We discuss our findings through the lens of the closeness‐distance dynamic, which posits that therapists' ability to regulate themselves depends on their clients' emotional needs. We conclude with implications for clinical practice.
The influence of computer‐assisted obligatory processing tasks on L2 Spanish object pronouns
Authors: Olsen Michael K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEvidence that L2 learners of Spanish overgeneralize indirect object pronouns (OPs) to direct object contexts with human referents and direct OPs to indirect object contexts with nonhuman referents has been provided by Zyzik (2006), Malovrh (2008), and Olsen and Juffs (2022). However, the effect of instruction on this phenomenon has not been investigated. This study addresses the influence of instruction on preempting (Rutherford, 1989) an Animacy‐based system in L2 learners of Spanish by investigating whether instruction led learners to use a Case‐based OP system rather than an Animacy‐based system and at what level instruction was most beneficial. Data were collected from 115 L2 learners divided into two groups (instructed and control) who completed comprehension and production tasks at two different times (pretest, posttest). Between the pretest and posttest, learners in the instructed group received instruction on Spanish OPs using the PACE model for grammar instruction. Results from mixed analysis of variances indicate preemption of an Animacy‐based system in both learner groups. This finding is taken as evidence that the tasks themselves led learners to change their OP systems by forcing learners to process the object pronouns and notice additional possible contexts.
Comparison of ASCL1, NEUROD1, and POU2F3 expression in surgically resected specimens, paired tissue microarrays, and lymph node metastases in small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Handa Takafumi , Hayashi Takuo , Ura Ayako , Watanabe Isamu , Takamochi Kazuya , Onagi Hiroko , Kishi Monami , Matsumoto Naohisa , Tajima Ken , Kishikawa Satsuki , Saito Tsuyoshi , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Suzuki Kenji , Yao Takashi 
Published: January 2023

AimsSubtypes of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) are defined by the expression of ASCL1, NEUROD1, and POU2F3 markers. The aim of our study was to explore the extent to which the intratumoral heterogeneity of ASCL1, NEUROD1, and POU2F3 may lead to discrepancies in expression of these markers in surgical samples and their matched tissue microarray (TMA) and lymph node (LN) metastatic sites.Methods and resultsThe cohort included 77 patients with SCLC. Immunohistochemical examinations were performed on whole slides of the primary tumour, paired TMAs, and metastatic LN sites. Samples with H‐scores >50 were considered positive. Based on the ASCL1, NEUROD1, and POU2F3 staining pattern, we grouped the tumours as follows: ASCL1‐dominant (SCLC‐A), NEUROD1‐dominant (SCLC‐N), ASCL1/NEUROD1 double‐negative with POU2F3 expression (SCLC‐P), and negative for all three markers (SCLC‐I). In whole slides, 40 SCLC‐A (52%), 20 SCLC‐N (26%), 15 SCLC‐P (20%), and two SCLC‐I (3%) tumours were identified. Comparisons of TMAs or LN metastatic sites and corresponding surgical specimens showed that positivity for ASCL1, NEUROD1, and POU2F3 in TMAs (all P < 0.0001) or LN metastatic sites (ASCL1, P = 0.0047; NEUROD1, P = 0.0069; POU2F3, P < 0.0001) correlated significantly with that of corresponding surgical specimens.ConclusionThe positivity for these markers in TMAs and LN metastatic sites was significantly correlated with that of corresponding surgical specimens, indicating that biopsy specimens could be used to identify molecular subtypes of SCLC in patients.
Artificial intelligence: An eye cast towards the mental health nursing horizon
Authors: Wilson Rhonda L. , Higgins Oliver , Atem Jacob , Donaldson Andrea E. , Gildberg Frederik Alkier , Hooper Mary , Hopwood Mark , Rosado Silvia , Solomon Bernadette , Ward Katrina , Welsh Brandi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThere has been an international surge towards online, digital, and telehealth mental health services, further amplified during COVID‐19. Implementation and integration of technological innovations, including artificial intelligence (AI), have increased with the intention to improve clinical, governance, and administrative decision‐making. Mental health nurses (MHN) should consider the ramifications of these changes and reflect on their engagement with AI. It is time for mental health nurses to demonstrate leadership in the AI mental health discourse and to meaningfully advocate that safety and inclusion of end users' of mental health service interests are prioritized. To date, very little literature exists about this topic, revealing limited engagement by MHNs overall. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of AI in the mental health context and to stimulate discussion about the rapidity and trustworthiness of AI related to the MHN profession. Despite the pace of progress, and personal life experiences with AI, a lack of MHN leadership about AI exists. MHNs have a professional obligation to advocate for access and equity in health service distribution and provision, and this applies to digital and physical domains. Trustworthiness of AI supports access and equity, and for this reason, it is of concern to MHNs. MHN advocacy and leadership are required to ensure that misogynist, racist, discriminatory biases are not favoured in the development of decisional support systems and training sets that strengthens AI algorithms. The absence of MHNs in designing technological innovation is a risk related to the adequacy of the generation of services that are beneficial for vulnerable people such as tailored, precise, and streamlined mental healthcare provision. AI developers are interested to focus on person‐like solutions; however, collaborations with MHNs are required to ensure a person‐centred approach for future mental healthcare is not overlooked.
Economic policy uncertainty and fund flow performance sensitivity: Evidence from New Zealand
Authors: Ali Sara , Badshah Ihsan , Demirer Riza , Hegde Prasad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUtilizing a large sample of actively managed equity funds and a recently developed EPU index for New Zealand, we show that fund flow performance sensitivity decreases with policy uncertainty. The role of policy uncertainty as a determinant of fund flow performance sensitivity is found to be stronger, particularly for funds with global focus, large sized funds, high momentum funds and those with high idiosyncratic volatility and low downside risk. The findings support the argument that high policy uncertainty dampens investors' ability to process information that allows them to distinguish fund manager skill from luck. The results remain strong after accounting for various macroeconomic factors.
Photo/mechanical and physical implant surface decontamination approaches in conjunction with surgical peri‐implantitis treatment: A systematic review
Authors: Ramanauskaite Ausra , Schwarz Frank , Cafferata Emilio Alfredo , Sahrmann Philipp 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive/alternative photo/mechanical and physical implant‐surface decontamination approaches compared to standard instrumentation in conjunction with surgical peri‐implantitis treatment.Materials and MethodsRandomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials investigating the efficacy of adjunctive or alternative photo/mechanical/physical measures for implant surface decontamination in conjunction with surgical peri‐implantitis treatment without (PICOS 1) or with (PICOS 2) additional decontamination methods performed in test and control groups with changing inflammation parameters were covered. Changes in bleeding scores (i.e., bleeding index, or bleeding on probing [BOP]), suppuration, and probing depth (PD) were considered the primary outcomes.ResultsSix articles describing five original RCTs were eligible for analysis. Based on two RCTs, the adjunctive/alternative use of air polishing with glycine or erythritol powder did not improve BOP reduction compared to standard instrumentation (PICOS 1). Based on one RCT, alternative use of titanium brushes resulted in significantly higher BOP reduction compared to either air polishing or standard instrumentation (PICOS 1). During reconstructive therapy and as an adjunct to implantoplasty, use of a titanium brush did not have any benefit on the BOP and mean PD reductions compared to the control group (i.e., implantoplasty + mechanical and chemical implant surface decontamination; one RCT; PICOS 2). Use of the Er:YAG laser resulted in significantly higher PD reduction after 6 months (one RCT), whereas no difference between the test and respective controls could be detected after 1 and 2 years (one RCT). Additionally, the use of the Er:YAG laser was not associated with improved BOP reductions over respective controls (two RCTs; PICOS 2).ConclusionsOwing to the limited available data, clinical efficacy of photo/mechanical and physical implant surface decontamination in conjunction with surgical peri‐implantitis therapy is inconclusive. However, titanium brushes may be beneficial in reducing signs of inflammation.
Vitamin D supplementation and cognition—Results from analyses of the D‐Health trial
Authors: Pham Hai , Waterhouse Mary , Rahman Sabbir , Baxter Catherine , Romero Briony Duarte , McLeod Donald S.A. , Armstrong Bruce K. , Ebeling Peter R. , English Dallas R. , Hartel Gunter , Kimlin Michael G. , O'Connell Rachel L. , van der Pols Jolieke C. , Venn Alison J. , Webb Penelope M. , Whiteman David C. , Almeida Osvaldo P. , Neale Rachel E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundObservational studies have consistently found a link between low serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration and higher risk of cognitive impairment. Results from randomized controlled trials have been mixed, and few have been conducted in the general population.MethodsWe recruited 21,315 community‐dwelling Australians aged between 60 and 84 years to participate in the D‐Health Trial, a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. The intervention was monthly oral doses of 60,000 international units of vitamin D or placebo for 5 years. We assessed cognitive function in a randomly sampled group of participants aged ≥70 years using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) at 2 and 5 years after randomization. The primary outcome for this analysis was TICS score; the secondary outcome was the proportion of people who had cognitive impairment (defined as TICS score ≤25). We analyzed data using mixed models (linear and logistic).ResultsWe interviewed 3887 participants at year 2 and 3614 participants at year 5. The mean TICS score at these time points was 32.3 and 32.2, respectively. Vitamin D supplementation did not affect cognitive function as measured by TICS score (mean difference between vitamin D and placebo groups 0.04; 95% CI −0.14 to 0.23), or alter risk of cognitive impairment (odds ratio 1.00; 95% CI 0.75 to 1.33).ConclusionsMonthly bolus doses of vitamin D supplementation neither enhanced nor hindered cognitive function among older adults. Population‐wide vitamin D supplementation of older adults that are largely vitamin D replete is unlikely to substantially benefit cognition.
Delayed Adjustment and Persistence in Macroeconomic Models
Authors: VAN RENS THIJS , VUKOTIĆ MARIJA 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEstimated impulse responses of investment and hiring typically peak well after the impact of a shock. Standard models with adjustment costs in capital and labor do not exhibit such delayed adjustment, but we argue that it arises naturally when we relax the assumption that the production technology is separable over time. This result, which holds for both convex and nonconvex cost functions, is strong enough to match the persistence observed in the data for reasonable parameter values. We discuss some evidence for our explanation and ways to test it.
Transcranial ultrasonography to detect intracranial pathology: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Allen Beddome C. , Kapoor Sahil , Anzalone Anthony , Mayer Kirby P. , Wolfe Stacey Q. , Duncan Pam , Asimos Andrew W. , D'Agostino Ralph , Winslow James Tripp , Sarwal Aarti 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeTranscranial ultrasonography (TCU) can be a useful diagnostic tool in evaluating intracranial pathology in patients with limited or delayed access to routine neuroimaging in critical care or austere settings. We reviewed available literature investigating the diagnostic utility of TCU for detecting pediatric and adult patient's intracranial pathology in patients with intact skulls and reported diagnostic accuracy measures.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of PubMed®, Cochrane Library, Embase®, Scopus®, Web of Science™, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases to identify articles evaluating ultrasound‐based detection of intracranial pathology in comparison to routine imaging using broad Medical Subject Heading sets. Two independent reviewers reviewed the retrieved articles for bias using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tools and extracted measures of diagnostic accuracy and ultrasound parameters. Data were pooled using meta‐analysis implementing a random‐effects approach to examine the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ultrasound‐based diagnosis.ResultsA total of 44 studies out of the 3432 articles screened met the eligibility criteria, totaling 2426 patients (Mean age: 60.1 ± 14.52 years). We found tumors, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and neurodegenerative diseases in the eligible studies. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of TCU and their 95% confidence intervals were 0.80 (0.72, 0.89), 0.71 (0.59, 0.82), and 0.76 (0.71, 0.82) for neurodegenerative diseases; 0.88 (0.74, 1.02), 0.81 (0.50, 1.12), and 0.94 (0.92, 0.96) for ICH; and 0.97 (0.92, 1.03), 0.99 (0.96, 1.01), and 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) for intracranial masses. No studies reported ultrasound presets.ConclusionsTCU has a reasonable sensitivity and specificity for detecting intracranial pathology involving ICH and tumors with clinical applications in remote locations or where standard imaging is unavailable. Future studies should investigate ultrasound parameters to enhance diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing intracranial pathology.
Does the loss of diadromy imply the loss of salinity tolerance? A gene expression study with replicate nondiadromous populations of Galaxias maculatus
Authors: Delgado M. Lisette , Manosalva Aliro , Urbina Mauricio A. , Dalziel Anne C. , Habit Evelyn , Link Oscar , Ruzzante Daniel E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe recurrent colonization of freshwater habitats and subsequent loss of diadromy is a major ecological transition that has been reported in many ancestrally diadromous fishes. Such residency is often accompanied by a loss of tolerance to seawater. The amphidromous Galaxias maculatus has repeatedly colonized freshwater streams with evidence that freshwater‐resident populations exhibit stark differences in their tolerance to higher salinities. Here, we used transcriptomics to gain insight into the mechanisms contributing to reduced tolerance to higher salinities in freshwater resident populations. We conducted an acute salinity challenge (0 ppt to 23–25 ppt) and measured osmoregulatory ability (muscle water content) over 48 h in three populations: diadromous, saltwater intolerant resident (Toltén), and saltwater tolerant resident (Valdivia). RNA sequencing of the gills identified genes that were differentially expressed in association with the salinity change and associated with the loss of saltwater tolerance in the Toltén population. Key genes associated with saltwater acclimation were characterized in diadromous G. maculatus individuals, some of which were also expressed in the saltwater tolerant resident population (Valdivia). We found that some of these “saltwater acclimation” genes, including the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR), were not significantly upregulated in the saltwater intolerant resident population (Toltén), suggesting a potential mechanism for the loss of tolerance to higher salinities. As the suite of differentially expressed genes in the diadromous‐resident comparison differed between freshwater populations, we hypothesize that diadromy loss results in unique evolutionary trajectories due to drift, so the loss of diadromy does not necessarily lead to a loss in upper salinity tolerance.
Features of repetitive nerve stimulation and nerve conduction studies in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Sugimoto Takamichi , Kurokawa Katsumi , Naito Hiroyuki , Kono Tomoyuki , Nomura Eiichi , Maruyama Hirofumi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrecise diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and differential diagnosis between ALS and other diseases are important. For ALS diagnosis, not only needle electromyography but also decremental responses to repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) and a decreased abductor pollicis brevis (APB)/abductor digiti minimi (ADM) amplitude ratio in nerve conduction studies (NCS) are useful. We should know the incidence of decrement in RNS responses and the decreased amplitude ratio in NCS in ALS patients with upper limb symptoms.AimsTo evaluate the findings of both tests in ALS patients with and without upper limb symptoms.MethodsWe selected consecutive ALS patients at our hospital from September 2016 to December 2020 who underwent RNS and NCS. RNS was performed on at least one of the following five muscles: APB, ADM, trapezius, deltoid, and/or frontalis.ResultsForty‐seven patients were included in this study. The rate of abnormal examination results was 70% for RNS responses, 49% for NCS, and 78% for at least one of the two tests in patients with upper limb symptoms at the time of RNS; by contrast, the rate was 30% for RNS responses, 20% for NCS, and 40% for at least one test in patients without upper limb symptoms at the time of RNS. RNS abnormalities were more often observed in patients with upper limb symptoms than in those without upper limb symptoms at the time of RNS (p = 0.030).ConclusionUpper limb symptoms at the time of RNS may reflect the rate of abnormal RNS responses in ALS.
The regulatory module MdBZR1–MdCOL6 mediates brassinosteroid‐ and light‐regulated anthocyanin synthesis in apple
Authors: Wang Yicheng , Zhu Yansong , Jiang Huiyan , Mao Zuolin , Zhang Junkang , Fang Hongcheng , Liu Wenjun , Zhang Zongying , Chen Xuesen , Wang Nan 
Published: January 2023

Summary

The anthocyanin content is an important indicator of the nutritional value of most fruits, including apple (Malus domestica). Anthocyanin synthesis is coordinately regulated by light and various phytohormones. In this study on apple, we revealed the antagonistic relationship between light and brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathways, which is mediated by BRASSINAZOLE‐RESISTANT 1 (MdBZR1) and the B‐box protein MdCOL6.

The exogenous application of brassinolide inhibited the high‐light‐induced anthocyanin accumulation in red‐fleshed apple seedlings, whereas increases in the light intensity decreased the endogenous BR content. The overexpression of MdBZR1 inhibited the anthocyanin synthesis in apple plants. An exposure to a high‐light intensity induced the degradation of dephosphorylated MdBZR1, resulting in functional impairment.

MdBZR1 was identified as an upstream repressor of MdCOL6, which promotes anthocyanin synthesis in apple plants. Furthermore, MdBZR1 interacts with MdCOL6 to attenuate its ability to activate MdUFGT and MdANS transcription. Thus, MdBZR1 negatively regulates MdCOL6‐mediated anthocyanin accumulation.

Our study findings have clarified the molecular basis of the integration of light and BR signals during the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis, which is an important process influencing fruit quality.
Successful Revision with INTERTAN for a Blade Cut Through in PFNA Fixation: A Case Report
Authors: Zhang Hengyan , Mu Xuemeng , Zhang Jia 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundImplant cut‐out or cut‐through remains a common cause of cephalomedullary nail failure and patient morbidity following surgical treatment of intertrochanteric femur fractures. In patients not suitable for conversion to total hip arthroplasty, which can involve long operation times and substantial blood loss, as well as a higher risk of periprosthetic fracture and dislocation postoperatively, revision with another internal fixation is an alternative option. If the femoral head can be preserved as much as possible to avoid eventual joint replacement while the internal fixation failure is solved, the quality of life of patients will be significantly improved.Case PresentationThis current case describes a successful clinical use of a salvage procedure that allows the surgeon to avoid joint arthroplasty using INTERTAN to solve internal fixation failure caused by cut‐through of Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation‐II (PFNA‐II). Four years after closed reduction and internal fixation of the right femur, the patient had immobilizing right hip pain and mobility disorder. X‐ray examination revealed contraction of the neck of the right femur and cut‐through of the helical blade of the PFNA‐II. After the revision operation, he recovered well and presented no grown pain or discomfort in weight‐bearing. Conventional radiographs at 1‐year follow‐up showed a healed fracture, with no implant migration.ConclusionMain nail exchange and revision with INTERTAN can be considered a salvage procedure in selected cases to revise a failed fixation with PFNA, which solves internal fixation failure as well as preserves the femoral head.