bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Criminality, Sexuality, and Violence in Faulkner and Wright
Authors: Lowe John Wharton 
Published: January 2025

This essay suggests Richard Wright, who admired Faulkner’s works, created a novel, The Long Dream, that was likely influenced by his expressed admiration for Faulkner’s achievement in Sanctuary. While utilizing different plot lines, both novels embrace a nexus of transgression, violence, criminality, and misogyny. Corruption is seen by both writers to be rife in all levels of society, including the police, the government, and the judiciary. Both texts locate key scenes in brothels, where the central characters Temple Drake (Faulkner) and Fishbelly Tucker (Wright) become both victimized and corrupted. The theoretical approaches of Bataille, Girard, and preceding Faulkner critics are employed to delineate Wright and Faulkner’s presentation of crime, perversion, the corruptions of capitalism, and the ironies underlying “respectable” society. Concurrently, both writers rely on the conventions of gangster fiction and film, pulp novels, and sensationalist cultural productions to pierce the “frozen” hearts of their readers.
Optimizing in vitro micropropagation strategies in Santalum album L. through different explants
Authors: Gowsalya M , Jude S R , Hemaprabha K , Revathi R , Mathivanan M , Parthiban K T , Sekar I , Kiruba M , Sujith P P , Kabinesh V 
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on optimization of in vitro propagation protocols for Santalum album L. (Indian sandalwood) to address the increasing global demand and to aid in conservation aspects. This investigation evaluated various micropropagation parameters including explant types, basal media, disinfection methods and plant growth regulators (PGR). Murashige and Skoog medium consistently outperformed other media, with shoot tips showing the highest morphogenetic response (66.66%). Surface disinfection with 4% NaOCl for 10 min was the most effective and resulted in the explant survival rate of 86%. For shoot induction, 2 mg/L kinetin in MS medium resulted in the highest number of shoots (3.81) and longest shoots (5.39 cm) after 60 days. An effect was observed when PGR was combined with 5.0 mg/L kinetin + 2.0 mg/L BAP, corresponding to a shoot induction rate of 65.75%. Root induction was recorded at 14.79% after 10 days with the best treatment (MS + 1 mg/L IBA). Callus culture showed limited success as only one treatment (MS + 1 mg/L BAP + 25% coconut water) showed a regenerative response of 7.14%. These results provide a foundation for micropropagation of Sandal while highlighting areas that require further optimization, particularly in root induction and acclimation phases.
Influence of B4C addition on the tribological properties of bronze matrix brake pad materials
Authors: Kuş Hüsamettin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, the effects of B4C particle addition on the microstructural, mechanical, and tribological properties of bronze matrix brake pad materials were analyzed. To this end, bronze matrix brake pads reinforced with different proportions (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 wt%) of B4C particles were fabricated via hot pressing at 800°C and 40 MPa for 5 min. The hardness, density, and transverse rupture strength (TRS) were measured and friction–wear tests were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of adding B4C. The results revealed that the hardness increased with increasing B4C content, whereas the density slightly decreased. The TRSs of the B4C-reinforced specimens exceeded that of the non-reinforced material. Furthermore, the friction stability, average friction coefficient, and wear resistance, which are crucial quality parameters of the brake pad material, increased upon adding >3 wt% B4C to the specimen compared with those of the non-reinforced specimen. After the wear test, the worn surfaces of the specimens were examined via scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and a 3D optical profilometer to identify the wear mechanisms involved during friction.
Cash Holdings in Family Firms: Outlines of an Emerging Debate
Authors: Correggi Cecilia , Cambrea Domenico Rocco , Di Toma Paolo , Ghinoi Stefano 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The literature on cash holdings has gained increasing relevance within business studies, which highlights its pivotal role in determining a firm’s resource management strategy. In this study, we adopt a combination of bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review to analyse the development of literature on cash holdings and provide an overview of its theoretical and empirical evolution and identify future research paths. After collecting 46 documents from Scopus and Web of Science published from January 2011 to on 7th October 2024, we created and analysed a thematic map based on a co-word analysis to appreciate the form and content of academic discourse on the topic and investigated the content and main contributions of the 46 publications to understand the evolution of the themes discussed in the literature. Results show that family business studies are still anchored to the traditional topics of the research stream of cash holdings, such as corporate governance, and mostly employ agency theory. We found that current family business research and cash holdings only represent a first step in exploring the topic and act as forerunners for the investigation of another research stream – such as innovation/sustainability – or the employment of alternative theories – such as socioemotional wealth. Overall, we provide some insights for future research.
Wie Mütter für den Arbeitsmarkt verfügbar gemacht werden sollen
Authors: Höpfner Elena 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung
Erziehende im Bürgergeldbezug können bis zum dritten Lebensjahr des Kindes die Forderungen, arbeiten zu müssen oder sich darauf z. B. durch Maßnahmen vorzubereiten, verneinen. Auf diesen Ausnahmetatbestand von der Pflicht zur Erwerbsarbeit – verankert im § 10 im Zweiten Sozialgesetzbuch (SGB II) – berufen sich fast ausschließlich Mütter. Diese Zeitspanne der ersten drei Lebensjahre des Kindes soll jedoch zukünftig an allen Jobcentern – so untergesetzliche Weisungen seit 2021 – intensiver als bisher dafür genutzt werden, vorhandene „Erwerbspotenziale“ der Mütter zu erkennen und ihre „Arbeitsmarktintegration vorzubereiten“. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags bin ich der Frage nachgegangen, wie diese Bemühungen um „frühzeitige Aktivierung“ in einer Änderung der administrativen Vorgaben institutionalisiert werden. Wie sollen Mütter kleiner Kinder in der Grundsicherung zukünftig für den Arbeitsmarkt verfügbar gemacht werden und unter welchen Bedingungen kann ihnen Erwerbsarbeit zugemutet werden? Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist eine Analyse dieser arbeitsmarkt- und sozialpolitisch motivierten Änderungen. Diese erfolgt mittels einer historischen Einordnung sowie einer Dokumentenanalyse der Vorgaben – die sich als Prozess der Verfügbarmachung in fünf Dimensionen aufschlüsseln und als ein Rekommodifizierungsversuch einer bisher im Wohlfahrtsstaat geschützten Lebensphase deuten lassen.
Cell adhesion molecule protocadherin-γC5 ameliorates Aβ plaque pathogenesis by modulating astrocyte function in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Sun Xiangyi , Pan Sili , Li Dandan , Su Min , Zheng Honghua , Zhang Yun-wu , Li Yanfang 
Published: January 2025

Accumulation of astrocytes around β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques is one of the earliest neuropathological changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the underlying mechanisms and significance remain unclear. Cell adhesion molecule protocadherin-γC5 (Pcdh-γC5) has been reported to implicate in AD. Here we find elevated expression level of Pcdh-γC5 in the brain of 5×FAD mice and Aβ-treated astrocytes, and further reveal that Pcdh-γC5 deficiency leads to exacerbated Aβ deposition in 5×FAD mice. Deletion of Pcdh-γC5 impairs astrocyte migration, astrocytic response to Aβ signaling and Aβ phagocytosis in both cultured astrocytesin vitroand 5×FAD mice in vivo. Both male and female mice were used in this study. Our findings support a model in which increased expression level of Pcdh-γC5 promotes astrocyte migration in response to Aβ signaling, engulf and phagocytose neurotoxic Aβ plaques, therefore exerting a critical neuroprotective function in AD.Significance StatementAstrocytes play a pivotal role in AD pathogenesis. Recent evidence identified Pcdh-γC5 as a potential early-stage biomarker in the CSF of AD patients. Here by usingPcdhgc5gene knockout astrocytes, we unravel the essential function of Pcdh-γC5 in promoting astrocyte migration and Aβ phagocytosis via PI3K-Akt-actin signaling pathway. By crossingPcdhgc5knockout mice and 5×FAD mice, or down regulating astrocytic Pcdh-γC5 expression with shRNA, we demonstrate the neuroprotective role of Pcdh-γC5 in ameliorating Aβ plaque pathogenesis by regulating astrocyte activity. Our investigation provides new clues in clarifying the underlying mechanisms of AD pathogenesis, especially the critical role of astrocytes in AD.
Data reconstruction from machine learning models via inverse estimation and Bayesian inference
Authors: Hartoyo Agus , Ciupek Dominika , Malawski Maciej , Crimi Alessandro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

This study explores the task of data reconstruction from machine learning models via inverse estimation and Bayesian inference, with the goal of recovering the original dataset solely based on the trained model. We introduce a novel theoretical framework that investigates the factors affecting the data reconstruction quality. Specifically, we derive expressions that quantify how variations in key variables influence the divergence between true and estimated posteriors by examining the concurrent behavior of their partial derivatives with respect to independent variables. This derivative-based approach establishes theoretical correlations between the variables, demonstrating that the fidelity of the recovered data is governed by two primary factors: (1) the accuracy of the assumed prior, and (2) the accuracy of the machine learning model. Empirical results across multiple benchmark datasets and machine learning algorithms corroborate these theoretical predictions, reinforcing the validity and robustness of our theoretical framework. Practically, our data reconstruction method enables the creation of synthetic models that closely replicate the performance of the original models. This work contributes to advancing the theoretical understanding and practical techniques for data reconstruction and model introspection within the context of machine learning.
Natural Carbonation of Alkaline Industrial Wastes: A Large-Scale, Unaccounted Sink for CO2
Authors: Xi Fengming , Ma Mingjing , Liu Zhu , Davis Steven , Bing Longfei , Wang Jiaoyue , Niu Le , Liu Gang , Shao Anlin , Gu Wei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Achieving international climate goals will likely require large-scale removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere 1. A promising means of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is by enhanced weathering and carbonation of various alkaline industrial wastes such as slags and ash 2,3. Although global potential of such enhanced weathering of alkaline industrial wastes has been estimated 4–7, the magnitude of carbon uptake by natural carbonation of these wastes worldwide remains uncertain. Here, using the results of more than a decade of carbonation experiments and an extensive dataset of global industrial activity and waste disposal, we show that annual global carbon uptake by natural carbonation of alkaline industrial wastes is 0.43 Gt CO2 (95% CI: 0.33–0.53 Gt CO2) in 2020, and has been increasing at an annual average rate of 2% per year for the past decade. Between 1930 and 2020, we estimate that alkaline industrial wastes have absorbed 14.0 Gt of CO2 (95% CI: 11.2–25.2 Gt CO2) by natural carbonation. Our results reveal the extent to which alkaline industrial wastes represent an unaccounted sink in the global carbon cycle, and also highlight opportunities for enhancing carbon uptake in the future.
Isotope Encoded Spatial Biology Identifies Amyloid Plaque-Age-Dependent Structural Maturation, Synaptic Loss, and Increased Toxicity
Authors: Hanrieder Jörg , Wood Jack , Dulewicz Maciej , Ge Junyue , Stringer Katie , Szadziewska Alicja , Desai Sneha , Koutarapu Srinivas , Hajar Haady , Fenson Lydia , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Cummings Damian , Savas Jeffrey , Edwards Frances 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Understanding how amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques form and progress to neurotoxicity in Alzheimer’s disease remains a significant challenge. This study aims to elucidate the processes involved in Aβ plaque formation and maturation using a knock-in Aβ mouse model (AppNL- F/NL-F). By employing mass spectrometry imaging and stable isotope labeling, we timestamped Aβ plaques from their initial deposition, enabling the spatial tracking of plaque aging. Correlating single-plaque spatial transcriptomics with time since seeding, allowed us to track gene-expression changes specifically associated with plaque age, independent of chronological age of the mouse or disease severity. We found that plaque age, within sections from individual mice aged from 10 to 18 months, negatively correlates with synaptic gene expression. Further, correlation with hyperspectral confocal microscopy using structure-specific dyes revealed a positive link between plaque age and structural maturity, with older plaques identified as more compact and associated with significantly greater synapse loss and toxicity.
Association between social media addiction and mental health among Greek young adults
Authors: Katsiroumpa Aglaia , Moisoglou Ioannis , Mitropoulos Athanasios , Paschali Antonia , Konstantakopoulou Olympia , Katsiroumpa Zoe , Galanis Petros 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background: The use of social media is constantly increasing, but it also has several negative consequences, especially for young people.
Aim: To examine the relationship between social media addiction and mental health among Greek young adults.
Methods: We conducted an online cross-sectional study during July 2024 in Greece. We used the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) to measure levels of social media addiction in our participants. We used the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) to evaluate levels of anxiety and depression in our participants. We measured gender, age, the number of hours that participants usually sleep when next day they have to go for their work/class, and how sleepy they felt at work/class.
Results: The majority of our participants were females (83.1%, n=300), while 16.9% were males (n=61). Mean age was 23.3 years. Our correlation analysis showed that social media addiction was correlated with increased anxiety and depression (p-value < 0.01 in both cases). Moreover, reduced age and reduced duration of night sleep was associated with increased social media addiction (p-value < 0.01 in both cases). Additionally, social media addiction was correlated with increased sleepiness in work/class (p-value < 0.01).
Conclusions: We found a positive correlation between social media addiction, anxiety and depression among young adults in Greece. Moreover, we found that reduced age and reduced duration of night sleep was associated with increased social media addiction. Additionally, social media addiction was correlated with increased sleepiness in work/class. Therefore, social media addiction is an important issue among young adults and policy makers should develop appropriate interventions to reduce this phenomenon.
Nomophobia and Self-esteem: The Influence of Digital Media on the Leisure Activities of Peruvian Adolescents
Authors: Agüero-Espinoza Fiorela Alexandra , Neyra-Agama Marcos , Tasilla-Guayamis Leydi , Valencia-Acosta Lourdes , Vega-Agurto Gresly Micaela , Morales Juan 
Published: January 2025

Background
Nomophobia is a public health problem of the digital age.

Objective
We aimed to assess the self-esteem and prevalence of nomophobia among high school students, and identify the factors and risks associated with them.

Materials and Methods
The study was a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study. A logistic regression model was used to assess the risk of nomophobia. The research was conducted in the northern area of the city of Lima, Peru, in 2023. High school students between the ages of 11 and 18 years participated. Nomophobia and self-esteem were assessed using the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, respectively.

Results
A total of 630 students with a median age of 15 years (Q1 = 14, Q3 = 16, IQR = 2) participated. Regarding nomophobia, 65.4% (n = 412) presented a risk of nomophobia, and 20.6% (n = 130) had nomophobia. Regarding the level of self-esteem, 24.9% (n = 157) had a low level, 52.4% (n = 330) had a medium level, and only 22.7% (n = 143) showed a high level of self-esteem. The variables associated with a higher frequency of nomophobia were medium socioeconomic level (p = 0.043), navigating the internet and video games (p = 0.010), and low self-esteem (p = 0.009). Navigating the internet during leisure time had a significant association with an increased risk of nomophobia [Wald χ2= 6.093, p = 0.014, OR = 2.281 (95%CI: 1.185 to 4.390)].

Conclusion
Nomophobia is a frequent problem among adolescents, and there is also a significant presence of low self-esteem. The consumption of digital media during leisure time, particularly navigating the internet, increases the risk of nomophobia among adolescents. Thus, the responsible use of digital media and activities that strengthen the self-esteem of adolescents must be promoted.
Dehiscence rate and associated risk factors after gastrotomy for removal of foreign material in dogs and cats
Authors: Daly Betsey , Chandler John C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
Identify rate and associated risk factors for dehiscence following gastrotomy for foreign material removal.

METHODS
Medical records from 2 private practice emergency and referral hospitals were reviewed, and history, laboratory values, intraoperative findings, and outcomes were collected on 271 dogs and 31 cats (n = 302).

RESULTS
Hospital A performed 222 procedures and Hospital B performed 80 procedures. Three cats (3 of 31 [10%]) and 20 dogs (20 of 271 [7%]) had intraoperative intestinal perforations. Two cats (2 of 31 [6.5%]) and 7 dogs (7 of 271 [2.6%]) were diagnosed with preoperative septic peritonitis. Concurrent surgical procedures in felines included enterotomy (3 of 31 [10%]), multiple enterotomies (3 of 31 [10%]), intestinal resection and anastomosis (IR&A; 2 of 31 [6%]), and other (1 of 31 [3%]). Concurrent surgical procedures in canines included enterotomy (55 of 271 [20%]), multiple enterotomies (11 of 271 [4%]), IR&A (24 of 271 [9%]), IR&A and enterotomy (1 of 271 [0.4%]), splenectomy (11 of 271 [4%]), and other (50 of 271 [18%]). There was no proven gastrotomy dehiscence. Two patients that did not have follow-up surgery or necropsy before euthanasia developed postoperative septic peritonitis, and gastrotomy dehiscence could not be ruled out as a differential diagnosis. Assuming neither patient, 1 patient, or both patients had gastrotomy dehiscence, the gastrotomy dehiscence rate was 0% to 0.66%. However, these patients also had an IR&A.

CONCLUSIONS
Two cases were presumed to have gastrotomy dehiscence, as the authors would rather overestimate the dehiscence rate. However, it is more likely that the IR&A was the dehiscence site rather than the gastrotomy.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Gastrotomy dehiscence rate is low in cats and dogs, and the dehiscence rate reported in this study may be an overestimation.
Use of peri-incisional liposomal bupivacaine was not different than placebo regarding pain score or rescue analgesia in a randomized clinical trial of 83 dogs
Authors: Hollenbeck Danielle L. , Knue Joseph D. , Simon Bradley T. , Jeffery Nicholas D. , Thieman Mankin Kelley M. , Dickerson Vanna M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the impact of peri-incisional liposomal bupivacaine (LB) on postoperative pain scores, opioid use after soft tissue surgeries, and incidence of incision site complications in dogs.

METHODS
Client-owned dogs (n = 83) were enrolled in a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical study for dogs undergoing a variety of soft tissue surgical procedures between March 31, 2021, and August 18, 2022. After incision closure, an injection of a placebo (0.9% NaCl) or LB was administered into the peri-incisional subcutaneous tissues. Pain was assessed via the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF) preoperatively, at extubation, and at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 30, 36, 48, 54, 60, and 72 hours postoperatively or until time of discharge. The need for rescue analgesia was assessed based on CMPS-SF guidelines. The effect of LB on pain scores was analyzed with mixed-model linear regression, and the χ2 test was used to examine effects on incision complications and need for rescue analgesia.

RESULTS
83 dogs were enrolled. There was no significant difference in CMPS-SF scores between LB and placebo groups at any time period. Rescue analgesia was administered to 21 dogs in each group and was not significantly different. There was no significant difference in incision site complications. The incidence of surgical site infections was 6.0% for all procedures.

CONCLUSIONS
Peri-incisional LB did not significantly decrease the use of rescue analgesia for postoperative soft tissue surgeries in a clinical setting with the use of multimodal analgesia. This is consistent with findings in human literature.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Clinicians should not rely on LB used in the peri-incisional subcutaneous tissue to improve analgesia in patients undergoing soft tissue surgery.
Folded-flap palatoplasty is not superior to cut-and-sew staphylectomy for the treatment of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in English Bulldogs
Authors: Grimes Janet A. , Reno Lisa R. , Wallace Mandy L. , Sutherland Brian J. , Reed Rachel A. , Perlini Michael , Schmiedt Chad W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether folded-flap palatoplasty (FFP) results in improved respiratory outcomes compared to standard staphylectomy (SS).

METHODS
English Bulldogs were randomized to receive FFP or SS in a parallel, equal-allocation, prospective study design at a single institution. Exercise-tolerance testing (ETT), arterial blood gas, head CT, and an owner survey were completed preoperatively and at recheck (approx 30 days postoperatively). Soft palate (SP) length and thickness and pharyngeal air volume were measured on blinded CT images. Linear mixed models and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed.

RESULTS
16 dogs completed the study (FFP group, 8; SS group, 8) and 3 did not (excluded due to FFP dehiscence [2] and lack of recheck [1]). Median preoperative ETT grade was not different between groups (SS group, 1 [0 to 3]; FFP group, 1.5 [1 to 3]). Standard staphylectomy resulted in a greater reduction in SP length compared to FFP (P = .020; FFP, 5.79 ± 0.50 cm preoperatively, 4.86 ± 0.52 cm at recheck; SS, 6.13 ± 0.53 cm preoperatively, 4.57 ± 0.47 cm at recheck). No other variables differed between groups. At recheck, owners subjectively rated their dogs as improved (FFP group, 5; SS group, 8), unchanged (FFP group, 2), and not rated (FFP group, 1).

CONCLUSIONS
Folded-flap palatoplasty did not improve SP thickness, pharyngeal air volume, ETT, arterial blood gas values, or owner survey variables more than SS in these English Bulldogs. Standard staphylectomy resulted in a greater reduction in SP length than FFP.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Standard staphylectomy or FFP can be performed in English Bulldogs. Standard staphylectomy may be preferable due to dehiscence potential with FFP.