bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐performance MEMS shutter display with metal‐oxide thin‐film transistors and optimized MEMS element
Authors: Al Nusayer Sheikh Abdullah , Schalberger Patrick , Baur Holger , Kleber Florian , Fruehauf Norbert 
Published: August 2023

AbstractActive matrix prestressed microelectromechanical shutter displays enable outstanding optical properties as well as robust operating performance. The microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) shutter elements have been optimized for higher light outcoupling efficiency with lower operation voltage and higher pixel density. The MEMS elements have been co‐fabricated with self‐aligned metal‐oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs). Several optimizations were required to integrate MEMS process without hampering the performance of both elements. The optimized display process requires only seven photolithographic masks with ensuring proper compatibility between MEMS shutter and metal‐oxide TFT process.
Assessing the Biocompatibility and Regeneration of Electrospun‐Nanofiber Composite Tracheal Grafts
Authors: Kreber Lily , Liu Lumei , Dharmadhikari Sayali , Tan Zheng Hong , Chan Coreena , Huddle Joey , Hussein Zakarie , Shontz Kimberly , Breuer Christopher K. , Johnson Jed , Chiang Tendy 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveComposite tracheal grafts (CTG) combining decellularized scaffolds with external biomaterial support have been shown to support host‐derived neotissue formation. In this study, we examine the biocompatibility, graft epithelialization, vascularization, and patency of three prototype CTG using a mouse microsurgical model.Study DesignTracheal replacement, regenerative medicine, biocompatible airway splints, animal model.MethodCTG electrospun splints made by combining partially decellularized tracheal grafts (PDTG) with polyglycolic acid (PGA), poly(lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (PLCL), or PLCL/PGA were orthotopically implanted in mice (N = 10/group). Tracheas were explanted two weeks post‐implantation. Micro‐Computed Tomography was conducted to assess for graft patency, and histological analysis was used to assess for epithelialization and neovascularization.ResultMost animals (greater than 80%) survived until the planned endpoint and did not exhibit respiratory symptoms. MicroCT confirmed the preservation of graft patency. Grossly, the PDTG component of CTG remained intact. Examining the electrospun component of CTG, PGA degraded significantly, while PLCL+PDTG and PLCL/PGA + PDTG maintained their structure. Microvasculature was observed across the surface of CTG and infiltrating the pores. There were no signs of excessive cellular infiltration or encapsulation. Graft microvasculature and epithelium appear similar in all groups, suggesting that CTG did not hinder endothelialization and epithelialization.ConclusionWe found that all electrospun nanofiber CTGs are biocompatible and did not affect graft patency, endothelialization and epithelialization. Future directions will explore methods to accelerate graft regeneration of CTG.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 134:1155–1162, 2024
Highly selective phase shifter using stub‐loaded coupled‐line resonators
Authors: Xu Wenhao , Li Tianfeng , Chen Xiaokang , Chen Huajin , Feng Linping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this letter, a novel phase shifter with high selectivity is proposed and developed. It is divided into the main line together with the reference line. Firstly, the main line is a bandpass filter implemented by using the new coupled feed lines loading stub‐loaded coupled‐line resonators. Varying the coupling coefficient and the electrical length of the loaded branch can reasonably allocate the passband and transmission zeros/poles. Then, the reference line is a uniform microstrip line with an electrical length related to the phase shift degrees. Compared with conventional phase shifters, this phase shifter has the advantages of good frequency selectivity, as well as easy adjustment of the phase shift value. Finally, the phase shifter of 45°~180° are designed, simulated, and the value of 180° is fabricated and measured. The simulations are in good agreement with the actual measurements.
Physics‐informed deep learning for T2‐deblurred superresolution turbo spin echo MRI
Authors: Chen Zihao , Stapleton Margaret Caroline , Xie Yibin , Li Debiao , Wu Yijen L. , Christodoulou Anthony G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeDeep learning superresolution (SR) is a promising approach to reduce MRI scan time without requiring custom sequences or iterative reconstruction. Previous deep learning SR approaches have generated low‐resolution training images by simple k‐space truncation, but this does not properly model in‐plane turbo spin echo (TSE) MRI resolution degradation, which has variable T2 relaxation effects in different k‐space regions. To fill this gap, we developed a T2‐deblurred deep learning SR method for the SR of 3D‐TSE images.MethodsA SR generative adversarial network was trained using physically realistic resolution degradation (asymmetric T2 weighting of raw high‐resolution k‐space data). For comparison, we trained the same network structure on previous degradation models without TSE physics modeling. We tested all models for both retrospective and prospective SR with 3 × 3 acceleration factor (in the two phase‐encoding directions) of genetically engineered mouse embryo model TSE‐MR images.ResultsThe proposed method can produce high‐quality 3 × 3 SR images for a typical 500‐slice volume with 6–7 mouse embryos. Because 3 × 3 SR was performed, the image acquisition time can be reduced from 15 h to 1.7 h. Compared to previous SR methods without TSE modeling, the proposed method achieved the best quantitative imaging metrics for both retrospective and prospective evaluations and achieved the best imaging‐quality expert scores for prospective evaluation.ConclusionThe proposed T2‐deblurring method improved accuracy and image quality of deep learning–based SR of TSE MRI. This method has the potential to accelerate TSE image acquisition by a factor of up to 9.
Efficacy of one-time rotenone application for Westslope Cutthroat Trout restoration in Boulder Creek, Montana
Authors: Lampton Jared , Kovach Ryan , Dunnigan James L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
Although piscicides are an important tool for native fish management, our understanding of native fish population dynamics posttreatment (i.e., in putatively vacant habitat) is limited.

Methods
Here, we describe long-term trends in size and abundance of Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii in Lower Boulder Lake and Boulder Creek (Montana).

Result
No significant differences were found before and after treatment with rotenone in mean length and population density in Boulder Creek. Posttreatment genetic samples from Boulder Lake and upper Boulder Creek consisted entirely of the Westslope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi used to refound the population. Middle and lower Boulder Creek genetic samples contained 99.4% and 98.4% Westslope Cutthroat Trout, indicating that some nonnative (Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri hybrid) fish survived the treatment. Population demographics showed robust recovery posttreatment; however, genetic results revealed the limitations of a one-time treatment—that is, an incomplete fish kill.

Conclusion
We demonstrate that Cutthroat Trout populations achieve recovery after rotenone treatment in the long term, but one-time rotenone treatments on large drainages often fail to totally eradicate populations. Therefore, managers should plan on multiple treatments and utilize environmental DNA to help achieve total removal of target species.
Nonlinear consolidation analysis of saturated multi‐layered soil with continuous drainage boundary
Authors: Kim Pyol , Kim Yong‐Gun , Ri Gun‐Hyang , Kwak Songhun , Ri Kil‐Sang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractContinuous drainage boundary is widely accepted to overcome the shortcoming of the traditional assumption of fully permeable or impermeable drainage boundary in consolidation theories. This study presents an analytical solution for one‐dimensional small‐strain nonlinear consolidation of saturated multi‐layered soil with constant consolidation coefficients under continuous drainage boundary condition. The proposed solution is validated by comparison with the existing solutions in literature, which shows that the existing solutions are special cases of this solution. A parametric study performed on saturated four‐layered soil with continuous drainage boundary indicates that the interface parameter and the loading stress ratio have great influences on the nonlinear consolidation of saturated multi‐layered soil. The present solution can be effectively applied to provide more reasonable design for soil foundation.
Distinct response of adipocyte progenitors to glucocorticoids determines visceral obesity via the TEAD1‐miR‐27b‐PRDM16 axis
Authors: Lv Yifan , Xia Fan , Yu Jing , Sheng Yunlu , Jin Yi , Li Yanqiang , Ding Guoxian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveVisceral obesity contributes to obesity‐related complications; however, the intrinsic mechanism of depot‐specific adipose tissue behavior remains unclear. Despite the pro‐adipogenesis role of glucocorticoids (GCs) in adipogenesis, the role of GCs in visceral adiposity rather than in subcutaneous adipose tissue is not established. Because adipocyte progenitors display a striking depot‐specific pattern, the regulatory pathways of novel progenitor subtypes within different depots remain unclear. This study describes a cell‐specific mechanism underlying visceral adiposity.MethodsA diverse panel of novel depot‐specific adipose progenitors was screened in mice and human samples. The transcriptome distinction and various responses of novel progenitor subtypes of GCs were further measured using the GC receptor‐chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and RNA sequencing. The mechanism of novel subtypes was identified using transposase‐accessible chromatin analysis and bisulfite sequencing and further confirmed using precise editing of CpG methylation.ResultsPlatelet‐derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα+) progenitors, which were dominant in the visceral adipose tissue, were GC‐sensitive beige adipose progenitors, whereas CD137+ progenitors, which were dominant in the subcutaneous adipose tissue, were GC‐passive beige adipose progenitors. Expression of miR‐27b, an inhibitor of adipocyte browning, was significantly increased in PDGFRα+ progenitors treated with GCs. Using transposase‐accessible chromatin analysis, bisulfite sequencing, and precise editing of CpG methylation, TEA domain transcription factor 1 (TEAD1) was discovered to be uniquely hypomethylated in PDGFRα+ progenitors.ConclusionsGCs inhibited the PDGFRα+ progenitors' browning process via miR‐27b, which was transcriptionally activated by the collaboration of TEAD1 with the GC receptor. These data provide insights into the mechanism of depot‐specific variations in high‐fat diet‐induced obesity.
Efficient removal of dyes by light‐responsive graphene oxide‐blended polyethersulfone nanofiltration membranes
Authors: Bohlool Tohid , Mohamadnia Zahra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOne of the popular, low‐cost, efficient, and environmentally friendly methods for separating pollutants and water purification are membrane‐based processes. In this study, nanofiltration membranes were modified using the photo‐responsive graphene oxide‐spiropyran (GO‐SP) nanosheets as novel additive. Graphene oxide was employed to improve permeability, antifouling, and mechanical properties of the membranes. Spiropyran was added due to the increase in the self‐cleaning properties of the PES membranes. First, spiropyran (SP) as a photochromic compound was chemically immobilized onto the graphene oxide (GO) surface. Different examinations such as ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to check the effective grafting of spiropyran. Then, nanofiltration membranes containing polyethersulfone (PES) and GO‐SP additive with different weight percentages (0.15, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 wt.%) were prepared. Membranes comprising 0.5 wt.% GO‐SP exhibited the best surface properties, and at concentrations above 0.5 wt.%, aggregation of GO‐SP additive occurred on the surface of the membrane. The Young modulus increased from 45.11 MPa for pure PES membrane to 82.63 MPa for PES/GO‐SP‐0.75. The flux of pure water, rejection of bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein, and separation of anionic dyes including Congo Red (CR) and Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) were measured to show the filtration performance of the fabricated membranes. It was observed that the addition of 0.5 wt.% GO‐SP increased the flux of pure water of the PES‐based membrane from 2.97 to 14.6 L/m2 h. All prepared membranes rejected more than 94% of CBB and CR dyes. The addition of GO‐SP also developed the performance of the membranes against fouling. In addition, the effects of UV light on membrane fouling, dye rejection, and contact angle were investigated. According to the results, irradiation of GO‐SP with UV light decreased the contact angle and increased the flux of pure water. In the presence of UV light, the membrane containing 0.5 wt.% GO‐SP exhibited 58.74% reversible fouling, 8.30% irreversible fouling, and 93% flux recovery ratio, indicating its better performance than the pure membrane.
Piezoelectric properties of PVDF‐TrFE/BaTiO3 composite foams with different contents of TrFE units
Authors: Kubin Mateja , Makreski Petre , Zanoni Michele , Selleri Giacomo , Gasperini Leonardo , Fabiani Davide , Gualandi Chiara , Bužarovska Aleksandra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPiezoelectric (PE) materials play an important role in the emerging field of micro and wearable electronics. Achieving high PE response is a key feature for their use in energy harvesting and sensing systems. In this study, highly porous lightweight composite foams composed of PVDF‐TrFE (70/30 and 80/20 mol%) and different BaTiO3 content (5, 10, and 20 wt%) are prepared by thermally induced phase separation method. The PE foams were structurally and thermally examined by using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis analyses. All composite foams were characterized by high β‐phase content, while the addition of ceramic particles resulted in higher crystallinity and thermal stability of the investigated foams. Two distinct poling methods were employed due to the different molar compositions of the copolymers. The PE response was measured by the PE strain coefficient (d33) and the output current (Ip). The composite foams based on PVDF‐TrFE 70/30 mol% copolymer, having two well‐separated Curie temperatures for the organic and inorganic phases, can be polarized to achieve the contribution of both components to the PE performance, reaching the highest value of −28.3 pC N−1 and 130 nA at 10 Hz for the composite with 20 wt% BaTiO3.
Parental styles and adolescent externalizing problems: A cross‐lagged model examining the direction of influence
Authors: Georgiou Stelios N. , Charalampous Kyriakos 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe present study aimed at examining the transactional effects between parental styles and adolescent externalizing problems. The total sample included 868 students, 410 preadolescents (Mage = 10.63, SD = 0.63) attending the last two grades of elementary school and 458 early adolescents (Mage = 12.65, SD = 0.67) attending the first two grades of high school. Participating schools (N = 15) were purposefully selected to be diverse in terms of urban/rural residence of families they serve, as well as their socioeconomic status, and came from three different Districts of Cyprus. In terms of gender, 451 (52.0%) were girls and 410 (47.5%) were boys. The self‐report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used for measuring externalizing problems and the Parental Authority Questionnaire was used for measuring parental style. A short‐term longitudinal design was used, with the data collected at two points in time having 5‐month intervals. By means of a cross‐lagged model, and in contrast to prior studies claiming that certain parental styles influence positively or negatively externalizing problems, the current study found that the opposite effect is true. That is, externalizing problems affected positively authoritarian parenting and negative authoritative style. Also, a multigroup analysis revealed that age/developmental phase moderated these relationships. Specifically, T1 authoritarian parenting seemed to be a risk factor for preadolescents, but not for adolescents.
The success of e‐participation. Learning lessons from Decide Madrid and We asked, You said, We did in Scotland
Authors: Royo Sonia , Bellò Benedetta , Torres Lourdes , Downe James 
Published: August 2023

AbstractElectronic participation (e‐participation) has grown across the world in recent decades and many governments offer a range of opportunities for e‐participation. However, there is a lack of comparative analyses of successful initiatives, which can be useful in supporting subsequent adopters. This study identifies the best practices and areas for improvement of Decide Madrid and We asked, You said, We did in Scotland, whose software has been widely adopted by hundreds of institutions worldwide. Key common enablers include political leadership and senior management support, top‐down approach, high levels of internal and external collaboration, embeddedness in the formal policy‐making processes, and careful consideration of design features. Most of these factors are related to processes, organizational, or managerial dimensions, rather than being linked to the institutional context or information and communication technologies. Areas for improvement relate to the way the initiatives provide feedback, allow discussion and flexibility on policy options, incorporate possibilities for offline participation, and involve a wider range of stakeholders. An important contribution is the identification of factors contributing to the robustness and continuity of e‐participation initiatives, combining the flexibility of collaborative network governance and the stability of public bureaucracy.
Pnictogen bonding‐mediated controlled cationic polymerization of styrene derivatives: Catalytic activity investigation using non‐ionic and ionic pnictogen compounds
Authors: Hasegawa Tomoki , Takagi Koji 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe cationic polymerization of p‐methoxystyrene (pMOS) was carried out at 25°C using pMOS·HCl and Sb(C6F5)3. Under the condition of [pMOS·HCl]:[Sb(C6F5)3]:[pMOS] = 10:10:500 in mM concentration, the polymerization in CH3CN/CH2Cl2 (3/1 in volume ratio) homogeneously proceeded giving rise to poly(pMOS) with Mn = 5800 and Mw/Mn = 1.50. Based on the monomer consumption rate, the catalytic activity was increased in the order of Sb(C6F5)3 (5.9 × 10−1 h−1) > Te(C6F5)2 (2.0 × 10−1 h−1) > IC6F5 (1.0 × 10−2 h−1). In the presence of nBu4NCl (0.02 equivalent relative to Sb(C6F5)3), the molecular weight distribution became narrower (Mw/Mn = 1.23), but the MALDI‐TOF/MS implied chain transfer reactions. On the other hand, the cationic polymerization of pMOS in CH2Cl2 using [MeSbPh3][TEPB] combined with nBu4NCl resulted in better molecular weight controllability (calculated Mn = 6100 and theoretical Mn = 6300), where chain transfer reactions were decreased as confirmed by the MALDI‐TOF/MS analysis. [SbPh4][TEPB] and [SbPh4][OTf] exhibited a decreased catalytic activity. [EtOCOCH2SbPh3][TEPB] with the electron‐withdrawing ester group showed the highest activity (monomer conversion reached 91% in 8 h) while maintaining narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn = 1.27). p‐Methylstyrene and styrene were also polymerized using catalyst [EtOCOCH2SbPh3][TEPB], although the polymerization was not controlled.
A styrylpyrene‐containing liquid crystal polymer for photoinduced crosslinking
Authors: Huang Yun‐Shuai , Xu Guofeng , Wu Si 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhotoresponsive polymers have attracted increasing attention. Herein, we designed and synthesized a photoresponsive liquid crystal polymer (LCP). The LCP was prepared through the copolymerization of a styrylpyrene‐containing photoresponsive monomer and a monomer containing mesogen 4‐cyanophenyl benzoate. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) curve and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectrum confirmed that the LCP was successfully synthesized. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry curves showed that the LCP had high thermal stability, with a decomposition temperature at 5% weight loss of 305°C, and Tg and Ti of 46 and 128°C, respectively. Polarized optical microscopy studies suggested that thermal annealing promoted the orientation of the LCP films. Model compounds containing styrylpyrene units showed photo‐controlled dimerization. Furthermore, the dimerization of the styrylpyrene units could control the crosslinking densities in the LCP, thereby regulating the network structures and properties. These properties demonstrate that the LCP is a promising photoresponsive material.
Quantitative comparison of the renal pelvic urine and bladder urine to examine modifications of the urine proteome by the lower urinary tract
Authors: Pan Yilin , Wong Christine Yim‐Ping , Ma Haiying , Tse Ryan Tsz‐Hei , Cheng Carol Ka‐Lo , Tan Miaomiao , Chiu Peter Ka‐Fung , Teoh Jeremy Yuen‐Chun , Wang Xin , Ng Chi‐Fai , Zhang Liang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeUrine proteome is a valuable reservoir of biomarkers for disease diagnosis and monitoring. Following formation as the plasma filtrate in the kidney, urine is progressively modified by the active reabsorption and secretion of the urinary tract. However, little is known about how the urine proteome changes as it passes along the urinary tract.Experimental designTo investigate this, we compared the proteome composition of the renal pelvis urine (RPU) and individually self‐voided bladder urine (BU) collected from seven unilateral urinary tract obstruction male patients by LC‐MS/MS screening. To our knowledge, this is the first proteomic comparison of RPU and BU samples from the same individual.ResultsOverall, RPU and BU proteomes did not exhibit proteins that were exclusively present in all samples of one urine type while in none of the other type. Nonetheless, BU had more overrepresented proteins that were observed at a higher frequency than RPU. Label‐free quantitative analyses revealed BU–RPU differential proteins that are enriched in exosomes and extracellular proteins. However, the differences were not significant after corrections for multiple testing. Interestingly, we observed a significant increase of collagen peptides with hydroxyproline modifications in the BU samples, suggesting differences in protein modifications.Conclusions and clinical relevanceOur study revealed no substantial differences at the protein level between the BU and RPU samples. Future investigations with expanded cohorts would provide more insights about the urothelial–urinary interactions.