bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COPD – was hat sich in GOLD 2023 geändert und ist für den Praxisalltag relevant?
Authors: Klemmer Andreas , Alter Peter , Vogelmeier Claus F. 
Published: May 2023

Was ist neu?
Diagnostik und Einschätzung des Schweregrads: Eine Diagnosestellung erfordert den spirometrischen Nachweis einer nachweisbaren obstruktiven Ventilationsstörung. GOLD empfiehlt weiterhin das FEV1/FVC-Verhältnis von <0,7 als Kriterium. In der deutschsprachigen COPD-Leitlinie sowie der NVL COPD ist die Möglichkeit aufgeführt, eine COPD zu diagnostizieren, wenn keine Obstruktion nachweisbar ist. Zur Einschätzung des Schweregrades hat GOLD das ABCD-Schema zum ABE-Schema verändert und fasst damit die Gruppen C und D zur Gruppe E (E=Exazerbationen) zusammen, um deren klinische Relevanz unabhängig von der sonstigen klinischen Symptomatik des Patienten zu betonen.
Pharmakologische Therapie: Die Initialtherapie erfolgt nach dem ABE-Scheme. GOLD legt besonderen Wert auf die Auswahl des richtigen Inhalationssystems. Für die Follow-up-Situation ist entscheidend, ob die Patienten nur unter Symptomen leiden oder zwischenzeitlich unter Therapie auch Exazerbationen aufgetreten sind.
Therapie und Auswirkung auf die Mortalität: Eine Reihe von nicht medikamentösen Therapiemaßnahmen hat signifikante Auswirkungen auf die Mortalität: diese reichen von Rauchentwöhnung über Rehabilitation, Langzeitsauerstofftherapie und nicht invasive Beatmung bis zur Lungenvolumenreduktion. Die Behandlung mit Triple-Therapien kann bei Patienten, die unter Therapie Exazerbationen entwickeln, einen signifikanten Überlebensvorteil im Vergleich zu LABA und LAMA bedingen.
Exazerbationen GOLD schlägt eine neue Definition von COPD vor, die Symptome, Zeitverlauf, klinische Zeichen und Ursachen beinhaltet. Noch bedeutsamer ist aber die empfohlene Einteilung des Schweregrades, der jetzt auch darauf abhebt, dass wichtige Differenzialdiagnosen (insbesondere Herzinsuffizienz, Pneumonie, Lungenembolie) ausgeschlossen werden.
Das Winkelblockglaukom
Authors: Nüßle Simone , Lübke Jan 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Glaukom ist eine der weltweit häufigsten Ursachen für eine irreversible Erblindung. Es ist gekennzeichnet durch einen fortschreitenden Untergang von retinalen Ganglienzellen und deren
Axonen. Der wichtigste Risikofaktor für das Voranschreiten ist der Augeninnendruck, dessen Senkung die derzeit einzig sicher belegte Therapieoption darstellt. Dies kann konservativ oder
chirurgisch erreicht werden. Je nach der spezifischen Unterart des Winkelverschlusses sind unterschiedliche Behandlungen erfolgversprechend.
Indwelling Pleural Catheter: Management of Complications
Authors: Sidhu Calvin , Davies Helen E. , Muruganandan Sanjeevan , Lui Macy M. S. , Lau Estee P. M. , Lee Y. C. Gary 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMultiple randomized clinical trials have established the advantages of indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) in the management of malignant pleural effusions, resulting in its widespread adoption in clinical practice. Complications can occur with IPC use and must be recognized and managed effectively. This review provides a comprehensive overview of IPC complications and their best care. Pain postinsertion or during drainage of IPC is easily manageable and must be distinguished from tumor-related chest wall pain. IPC-related infections require systemic antibiotics and often intrapleural fibrinolytic/deoxyribonuclease therapy. The removal of IPC for infection is usually unnecessary. Symptomatic loculation usually responds to fibrinolytics but may recur. Catheter tract metastases are common in mesothelioma patients and usually respond to radiotherapy without inducing damages to the IPC. Less common complications include dislodgement, irreversible blockage, and fractures (upon removal) of the catheter. Recommendations on the management of IPC complications by recent consensus statement/guideline are discussed. Expert opinions on management approaches are included in areas where evidence is lacking to guide care.
Revisiting experiential marketing: a Delphi study
Authors: Davey Andrew , Sung Billy , Butcher Luke 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExperiential marketing (XM)—a form of marketing that uses branded experiences as a tool to influence consumers—has become one of the dominant tools within the marketing world. Despite this, it is poorly understood by both sides of the academic and practitioner dyad. What appears to be missing is a holistic conceptualisation of XM that explains not only its antecedent conditions and resulting outcomes but also the factors that may mediate and moderate those outcomes. This paper presents a Delphi study that seeks to provide such a conceptualisation. Across three phases, a panel of XM experts from academia and industry practice was recruited to establish a robust and holistic conceptualisation of XM as well as its success factors, consequences, psychological mechanisms, and boundary conditions. The current findings identify XM as a marketing strategy that uses the subjective, elaborative nature of experience to positively influence the salience of a brand in the mind of participants. The findings suggest that the ‘depth of immersion’ in the experience on three levels (experiential, brand, and conceptual) is an important underlying mechanism while the impact is moderated by the ability and motivation to become immersed.
Residential radon exposure in Astana and Aqsu, Kazakhstan
Authors: Tokonami Shinji , Kranrod Chutima , Kazymbet Polat , Omori Yasutaka , Bakhtin Meirat , Poltabtim Worawat , Musikawan Saowarak , Pradana Radhia , Kashkinbayev Yerlan , Zhumadilov Kassym , Pirmanova Ainur , Aumalikova Moldir , Isa Zhantore , Sakaguchi Aya , Sato Hitoshi , Hoshi Masaharu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A pilot study was carried out to measure indoor radon concentrations in a uranium mining area of northern Kazakhstan. A total of 80 places at kindergartens, elementary schools, and dwellings were selected in Aqsu village and Astana city as the uranium mining area and background area for comparison, respectively. In Astana and Aqsu, the 3-month radon concentrations from late summer to autumn in 2022 were measured using the RADUET passive radon detectors. Radon concentrations ranged from 4 to >2000 Bq m−3 (mean ± standard deviation: 290 ± 173 Bq m−3) throughout the study areas. The concentrations were higher in Aqsu, and 70% of the dwellings there exceeded 300 Bq m−3, whereas only 5% of them exceeded 300 Bq m−3 in Astana. Accordingly, the new dose conversion factor for radon recommended by International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 137 was applied to calculate the annual effective dose. The annual effective dose from the inhalation of radon was estimated to be 3.6 ± 4.6 mSv y−1 for Astana and 23.7 ± 15.6 mSv y−1, for Aqsu, which are both higher than the world average value of 2.5 mSv y−1.
Structure and thermodynamics of liquid ruthenium and ruthenium-based alloys from ab initio and classical molecular dynamics with embedded atom model potentials
Authors: Ayadim A , Levrel L , Amokrane S 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe combination of classical andab initiomolecular dynamics simulations for computing structural and thermodynamic properties of metallic liquids is illustrated on the example of ruthenium and ruthenium-based alloys. The classical simulations used embedded atom model (EAM) potentials parametrized with the force matching method. Theab initioreference data were obtained using two electronic structure codes implementing the density functional theory plane wave/pseudopotential method. Several methodological aspects in the determination of structural and thermodynamic properties in the liquid phase are examined, first for pure ruthenium. The efficiency of this combined method is finally illustrated on the structure and the pressure of ternary alloys of platinum group metals of interest in the treatment of nuclear wastes.
Ni-anchored g-C3N4 for improved hydrogen evolution in photocatalysis
Authors: Bai Penghui , Wang Chenjie , Xie Juan , Wang Hu , Kang Xiaolan , Chen Mi , Wang Xia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this study, we present a facile wet chemical method for synthesizing Ni-modified polymeric carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets. X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy reveals the formation of a unique Ni–N structure, resulting from Ni atoms anchoring in cavities of g-C3N4. The Ni anchoring on the surface N sites modifies the electronic structure of g-C3N4, demonstrating remarkable effectiveness even at low anchoring amounts. The as-prepared Ni/g-C3N4 catalysts show robust performance for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation, attributed to the unique Ni–N interactions. Specifically, the photocatalytic H2 production rate of the Ni/CN-45 catalyst reached 8482.14 μmol·g−1·h−1 with an apparent quantum efficiency of 0.75% under light irradiation at 427 nm. This rate surpasses most of the previously reported g-C3N4 based photocatalysts and is nearly 8 times higher than that of the pure g-C3N4 catalyst (1116.07 μmol·g−1·h−1).
The impact of oxygen vacancy defect density on the nonlinearity and short-term plasticity of TiO2-based exponential selector
Authors: Chee Mun Yin , Andhita Dananjaya Putu , Lim Gerard Joseph , Lee Calvin Xiu Xian , Liu Lingli , Lew Wen Siang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The readout margin of the one selector-one RRAM crossbar array architecture is strongly dependent on the nonlinearity of the selector device. In this work, we demonstrated that the nonlinearity of Pt/TiO2/Pt exponential selectors increases with decreasing oxygen vacancy defect density. The defect density is controlled by modulating the sputtering pressure in the oxide deposition process. Our results reveal that the dominant conduction mechanisms of the Pt/TiO2/Pt structure transit from Schottky emission to Poole–Frenkel emission with the increase of sputtering pressure. Such transition is attributed to the rise of oxygen vacancy concentration. In addition, the short-term plasticity feature of the Pt/TiO2/Pt selector is shown to be enhanced with a lower defect density. These results suggest that low defect density is necessary for improved exponential selector performances.
Vector-valued Ruelle operator for weakly contractive IFS and Dini matrix potentials
Authors: Deng Fei-Fei , Ye Yuan-Ling 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The (scalar) Ruelle operator theory is well-known both in fractal geometry and dynamical systems. In this paper we consider vector-valued Ruelle operators for weakly contractive iterative function systems associated with Dini matrix potentials. We generalize the result in the paper (J. Math. Anal. Appl.
299 341–56) to weakly contractive iterated function system. More exactly, our main theorem gives a sufficient condition for the vector-valued Ruelle operator with the Perron–Frobenius property.
Ion acceleration from a multispecies nanostructured target using a high-intensity laser: a simulation study
Authors: Choudhury Jubaraj , Bhagawati Ankita , Sarma Jyotirup , Das Nilakshi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The use of nanostructured targets can enhance the energy and quality of accelerated electron and ion beams compared to conventional flat foil targets. Ion acceleration from plastic foil targets having sub-micron thickness embedded with rods of nanometre length using ultra-short intense laser pulses of intensity

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W cm−2 is investigated using particle-in-cell simulations. The laser and target parameters are tuned to achieve better performance with nanostructured targets compared to flat foils. Several novel features of the ion acceleration process are revealed in this study. A hybrid radiation pressure acceleration-target normal sheath acceleration mechanism using a linearly polarised (LP) laser is found to play a key role in accelerating protons upto ∼300 MeV of energy. The effects of multiple ion species on the acceleration of protons has been studied, and a narrow peak in the proton energy spectrum around ∼100 MeV is observed, which is attributed to the presence of heavier ions in the target.
Evidence of 1000 eV positive oxygen ion flux generated in reactive HiPIMS plasma
Authors: Kolodko Dobrynya V , Ageychenkov Dmitry G , Lisenkov Vladislav Yu , Kaziev Andrey V 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The arrival of highly energetic (near 1000 eV) positive atomic oxygen ions at the substrate region has been detected in a unipolar reactive high-power impulse magnetron sputtering process operated with an uncooled copper target in argon–oxygen mixtures. Examination of the ion fluxes from discharge plasma was performed with a magnetic sector mass-spectrometer and an electrostatic energy analyzer. The energy of fast positive O+ ions is close to the value of eV
d (e—elementary charge, V
d—discharge voltage), which indicates their connection to the well-studied fraction of negative O− ions, which undergo acceleration in the cathode sheath. After switching the oxygen gas supply off, the flux of energetic O+ species decreases gradually as the poisoned target surface layers become depleted of oxygen due to sputtering in pure argon. Presumably, the observed energetic O+ ions originate as a result of low-angle scattering of fast negative O− ions from other charged or neutral species in the plasma followed by electron detachment, ionization, or charge exchange.
4D printing of shape memory polymers: A comparative study of programming methodologies on various material properties
Authors: Samal Bijaya Bikram , Jena Anita , Varshney Shailendra Kumar , Kumar Cheruvu Siva 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The emergence of 4D printing has enabled the fabrication of various components that can change in response to external stimuli. Fused filament fabrication is one of the methods for creating shape-changing components using shape-memory polymer (SMP) filament. In order to exhibit the phenomenon of the shape memory effect, programming plays a crucial role. This article discusses two programming concepts, programming during printing (PDP) and programming after printing (PAP), for SMP processed by fused deposition modeling (FDM). We investigated the shape memory properties and other material behavior of PAP and PDP samples considering different thicknesses. We observe that PDP outperforms PAP in terms of shape memory properties based on various characterization tools like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), which are used for macro and microstructural features. Whereas, PAP shows better mechanical properties based on Nanoindentation analysis. The PDP samples achieved a maximum shape recovery of 99.25%, which is 44% higher than PAP for a 4 mm thick sample, and showed a 28% improvement in recovery compared to PAP for a 2 mm thick sample. Statistical analysis reveals significant differences in the means of recovery ratio and shape memory index between PAP and PDP, and no statistically significant difference is found for the fixation ratio. A shape recovery cycle life measurement has been carried out for a PDP bending actuator, which showed recovery until 140 cycles before complete failure. Finally, a working prototype demonstrating effectiveness of PDP and PAP for programming the same SMP in two different ways has been presented.
Effect of charged dust grains on the electrojet instabilities
Authors: Sarkar Sanjib , Atul Jyoti K , Laishram Modhuchandra , Zou Dandan , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Farley-Buneman and Gradient Drift instabilities have been investigated using a fluid model, in a partially ionized dusty electrojet region in which dust and neutral particles constitute a uniform static background. The effects of dissociative electron-ion recombination and dust charge fluctuation on the instabilities also have been taken into account. The electron-ion dynamics are considered to derive the perturbed densities which further lead to the generalized dispersion relation. The dispersion relation describes the propagation of electrojet instabilities having frequency within dust ion acoustic range in a magnetized partially ionized dusty plasma. The dispersion relation is separately solved numerically and analytically for the two values of anisotropy parameters which correspond to the two different altitudes in the electrojet region. It is found that Gradient drift instability is unstable at a much longer wavelength as compared to Farley-Buneman instability both with or without dust. At lower altitudes(90 km) the increase of negative charge on dust decreases the threshold electron drift velocity for Farley-Buneman instability while it shows the opposite behavior at higher altitudes(100 km). A much lower electron drift velocity is required to excite the Gradient drift instability than the Farley-Buneman instability at both altitudes. The dissociative electron-ion recombination damps both modes much more than the dust charge fluctuation. A significant changes in threshold drift velocity is observed for the Farley-Buneman mode as compared to the Gradient Drift mode due to the two main damping mechanisms. The present analysis is applicable in the lower ionospheric electrojet region where meteoric ablation processes are dominant.
Beam dynamics and cavity design of an 8 MeV CW IH-DTL for SYSU-PAFA
Authors: Wang C.Y. , Lu L. , Ma W. , He T. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As a part of the Particle Accelerator Facility at Sun
Yat-sen University (SYSU-PAFA), a 200 MHz drift tube linac (DTL),
operating under continuous wave (CW) mode, has been
designed. PAFA-DTL is expected to accelerate a 10 mA proton beam
from 2.5 MeV to 8 MeV. Using the alternative phase focusing
(APF) beam dynamics scheme, a compact cell array has been designed
and optimized in order to limit the cavity length to 2.4 m with
high acceleration efficiency. As a result, PAFA-DTL contains 31
acceleration cells with beam transmission efficiency reaches 100%,
and better output beam quality is obtained by optimizing the input
beam parameters. Interdigital H-mode (IH) structure is utilized in
the PAFA-DTL cavity, which has achieved a high unloaded quality
factor of 13987. Additionally, to ensure the stability of PAFA-DTL
under CW operation, a low Kilpatrick factor (Kp) of 1.42 is obtained
by adjusting the blending radius of the drift tubes (DTs) to reduce
the risk of RF breakdown. The gap voltage distribution through RF
design is compared with that from the beam dynamics, and the maximum
absolute value of deviation is only 0.73%. In this paper, the
detailed design and results of PAFA-DTL, including beam dynamics and
RF design, are presented.
Stochastic resetting in interacting particle systems: a review
Authors: Nagar Apoorva , Gupta Shamik 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We review recent work on systems with multiple interacting-particles having the dynamical feature of stochastic resetting. The interplay of time scales related to inter-particle interactions and resetting leads to a rich behaviour, both static and dynamic. The presence of multiple particles also opens up a new possibility for the resetting dynamics itself, namely, that of different particles resetting all together (global resetting) or independently (local resetting). We divide the review on the basis of specifics of reset dynamics (global versus local resetting), and further, on the basis of number (two versus a large number) of interacting particles. We will primarily be dealing with classical systems, and only briefly discuss resetting in quantum systems.
Use of Response Surface Methodology in Optimizing the Production yield of Biofuel from Cashew Nut Shell through the Process of Pyrolysis
Authors: Fombu A H , Ochonogor A E , Olayide O E 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A fixed bed pyrolysis reactor was used to pyrolyze Cashew nut shell (CNS). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was then used to study the pyrolysis process. One Factor at a Time (OFAT) experiment was applied using different factors and levels. The OFAT results showed that the highest pyrolysis liquid yield was 57.8 wt.%. Two levels from each factor were chosen to run the RSM (applying Central Composite Design (CCD)) by forming two levels three factors (23) design. A quadratic model suggested by the Design Expert (version 11) software was used to predict the yield. The maximum liquid yield from the RSM was 61.3 wt. %.
Adsorption treatment of fibre-cement industry effluent by activated gossweilerodendron caesalpinoideae stem waste: kinetic and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Ani Julius U , Agbo Sunday C , Odewole Olufemi A , Ojo Francis K , Alum Ogechi L , Akpomie Kovo G , Ofomatah Anthony C , Chukwuemeka-Okorie Helen O , Onukwuli Okechukwu D 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis investigation is on the treatment of a fibre-cement industry effluent (FCIE) using activated carbon (AC) adsorbent prepared by chemical activation (60% phosphoric acid) ofGossweilerodendron caesalpinoideae(GC) stem waste. The GCAC adsorbent was characterized by determination of the proximate and functional properties. The chemical groups, morphology and mineral phases of the GC stem waste and GCAC were studied by FTIR, SEM, and XRD methods, respectively. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies were carried out using total dissolved solids (TDS) as evaluating parameter. Effects of adsorbent dosage (5-40 g/L), contact time (0-60 min), and temperature (20-40 °C) on the effluent decontamination were investigated. Results from the characterized supernatant showed up to 97% removal of the contaminants using 40 g/L of GC adsorbent at effluent pH 7.4. The concentrations of TDS obtained by U-V spectrophotometric analysis were fitted to pseudo-first and pseudo-second order, Elovich and intraparticle kinetic models. The adsorption followed the pseudo-second order rate equation. Obtained free energy and enthalpy of adsorption values indicated non-spontaneous and endothermic adsorption. The study affirmed that the bioadsorbent, GCAC can be used for FCIE treatment.
Physicochemical Characterization of Wood Mixed with Coffee Waste Pellet
Authors: Iryani Dewi A , Halimatuzzahra Halimatuzzahra , Taharuddin Taharuddin , Haryanto Agus , Hidayat Wahyu , Hasanudin Udin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Recently, the demand for wood pellets as solid biofuel for co-firing process in the industry has increased. However, the increase in demand is not accompanied by the availability of sawdust (SD) as a raw material. Thus, seeking alternative biomass is needed to substitute wood. One of the alternative biomasses that can be considered as raw material for bio-pellet is the solid waste from the coffee industry. Meanwhile, the coffee industry annually produces large amounts of organic waste such as spent coffee grounds (SCG) and coffee husks (CH). Both solid wastes have organic compounds contained so that they can be utilized as solid biofuel. In this research, We investigated the quality changes of wood pellets before and after the addition of coffee waste in different mass ratios (1:1, 1:3). A densification method with a pressure of 2 tons is used in the wood pellet-making process. Physicochemical characterization of wood pellets such as density, durability, compressive strength, calorific value, and proximate and composition analysis using SCG and CH are conducted. The result shows that the addition of SCG into wood pellet increased the calorific value of wood pellet from 21.03 MJ.kg-1 to 21.71 MJ.kg-1. The calorific value with a ratio of 50: 50 of SD: SCG produces a better calorific value than CH (20.64 MJ.kg-1). The mechanical test of the pellet shows that the addition of SCG and CH slightly decreases the mechanical durability from 99.34% to 97.02%. Thus, increase the appearance density from ρ = 892.46 kg.m-3 to ρ = 1119.33 kg.m-3.