bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete mitochondrialDNAsequence tries to settle hitherto putative history of Kayastha population of India
Authors: Sikdar Mithun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesIndian caste system is unique as it has an inimitable type of class system where the social ordering is done based on birth. Within the caste system, there is a distinct endogamous population known as the Kayastha, who have had inconclusive stratification records due to unidentified historical records.MethodsTo gain a more inclusive view on the history and genetic affinities of Kayastha people, complete mitochondrial genomes from 15 individuals of a Kayastha population from North‐western India have been sequenced.ResultsInterestingly, three novel sub‐clades (U2b2a, M3d2, and M33a3b) have been identified that represent unique Kayastha motifs.ConclusionThe haplotype‐based analysis suggests that the Kayastha population shares genetic affinities with the Indo‐European and Sino‐Tibetan populations found in the trans‐Himalayan region. TheFSTbased population comparison and the MDS plot indicates that Kayastha people have close maternal genetic affinity with the available genetic database of Brahmins, Kashmiris, and Tharus. The maternal genetic lineages among Kayastha population shows deep in situ origin that emerged much before settled life developed on this sub‐continent. Both mtDNA and Y‐chromosome markers, trace the genetic lineages of Kayastha population with Tharus, who regard themselves Kshatriya, corroborated by the oral history of the Kayasthas for their Kshatriya affiliation. It also validates genetic heritage of earliest settlers of India in both indigenous tribal and caste populations.
Associations between ongoing COVID‐19 lockdown and the financial and mental health experiences of Australian families
Authors: Price Anna M. H. , Contreras‐Suárez Diana , Zhu Anna , Schreurs Natalie , Measey Mary‐Anne , Woolfenden Sue , Burley Jade , Bryson Hannah , Efron Daryl , Rhodes Anthea , Goldfeld Sharon 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn 2020, Australia's successful COVID‐19 public health restrictions comprised a national “initial lockdown” (March–May) and “ongoing lockdown” (July–November) for metropolitan Victorian residents only. We evaluated associations between ongoing lockdown and family finances and mental health. In the June and September 2020 Royal Children's Hospital National Child Health Polls, caregivers of children in Victoria and New South Wales (NSW) reported the following: job/income loss; material deprivation (inability to pay for essential items); income poverty; mental health (Kessler‐6); perceived impact on caregiver/child mental health; and caregiver/child coping. Data from caregivers (N = 1207/902) in June/September were analysed using difference‐in‐difference modelling (NSW provided the comparator). During Victoria's ongoing lockdown, job/income loss increased by 11% (95%CI: 3%–18%); Kessler‐6 poor mental health by 6% (95%CI: −0.3%–12%) and perceived negative mental health impacts by 14% for caregivers (95%CI: 6%–23%) and 12% for children (95%CI: 4%–20%). Female (vs. male) caregivers, metropolitan (vs. regional/rural) families, and families with elementary school‐aged children (vs. pre‐/high‐school) were the most affected. The ongoing lockdown was associated with negative experiences of mental health, employment and income, but not deprivation or poverty, likely because of government income supplements introduced early in the pandemic. Future lockdowns require planned responses to outbreaks and evidence‐informed financial and mental health supports.
Association of impaired kidney function with dementia and brain pathologies: A community‐based cohort study
Authors: Wang Shuqi , Wang Jiao , Dove Abigail , Guo Jie , Yang Wenzhe , Qi Xiuying , Bennett David A. , Xu Weili 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe relationship between impaired kidney function (KF), dementia, and brain pathologies remains unclear.MethodsA total of 1354 dementia‐ and kidney disease‐free participants including 895 with normal and 459 with impaired KF were followed from 2002 until 2020 (median [interquartile range]: 5 [2–9]) to detect incident dementia. KF was assessed at baseline and categorized as normal or impaired. Over the follow‐up, 453 participants died and underwent autopsies for neuropathological assessment.ResultsCompared to those with normal KF, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of those with impaired KF was 1.48 (1.15, 1.90)/1.44 (1.10, 1.88) for dementia/Alzheimer's dementia. Furthermore, impaired KF was related to a significantly higher burden of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA; odds ratio = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.17, 3.30), but not to other brain pathologies.DiscussionImpaired KF is associated with an increased risk of dementia and Alzheimer's dementia. CAA may underlie, in part, this association.Highlights
Impaired kidney function (KF) was associated with higher dementia and Alzheimer's dementia risk.
Impaired KF anticipated dementia and Alzheimer's dementia onset by more than 1.5 years.
Impaired KF was significantly related to a higher burden of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) but not to other brain pathologies.
Non‐Flammable Electrolyte Enables High‐Voltage and Wide‐Temperature Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Fast Charging
Authors: Zou Yeguo , Ma Zheng , Liu Gang , Li Qian , Yin Dongming , Shi Xuejian , Cao Zhen , Tian Zhengnan , Kim Hun , Guo Yingjun , Sun Chunsheng , Cavallo Luigi , Wang Limin , Alshareef Husam N. , Sun Yang‐Kook , Ming Jun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractElectrolyte design has become ever more important to enhance the performance of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, the flammability issue and high reactivity of the conventional electrolytes remain a major problem, especially when the LIBs are operated at high voltage and extreme temperatures. Herein, we design a novel non‐flammable fluorinated ester electrolyte that enables high cycling stability in wide‐temperature variations (e.g., −50 °C–60 °C) and superior power capability (fast charge rates up to 5.0 C) for the graphite||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) battery at high voltage (i.e., >4.3 V vs. Li/Li+). Moreover, this work sheds new light on the dynamic evolution and interaction among the Li+, solvent, and anion at the molecular level. By elucidating the fundamental relationship between the Li+ solvation structure and electrochemical performance, we can facilitate the development of high‐safety and high‐energy‐density batteries operating in harsh conditions.
Leveraging Crystalline and Amorphous States of a Metal‐Organic Complex for Transformation of the Photosalient Effect and Positive‐Negative Photochromism
Authors: Ma Yu‐Juan , Xiao Guowei , Fang Xiaoyu , Chen Tianhong , Yan Dongpeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUncovering differences between crystalline and amorphous states in molecular solids would both promote the understanding of their structure–property relationships, as well as inform development of multi‐functional materials based on the same compound. Herein, for the first time, we report an approach to leverage crystalline and amorphous states of a zero‐dimensional metal‐organic complex, which exhibited negative and positive photochromism, due to the competitive chemical routes between photocycloaddition and photogenerated radicals. Furthermore, different polymorphs lead to the on/off toggling of photo‐burst movement (photosalient effect), indicating the controllable light‐mechanical conversion. Three demos were further constructed to support their application in information encryption and anti‐counterfeiting. This work provides the proof‐of‐concept of a state‐ and polymorph‐dependent photochemical route, paving an effective way for the design of new dynamically responsive systems.
A comparative analysis of lecturers' satisfaction with Anatomage and Pirogov virtual dissection tables during clinical and topographic anatomy courses in Russian universities
Authors: Vasil'ev Yuriy L. , Dydykin Sergey S. , Kashtanov Artem D. , Molotok Ekaterina V. , Lyakisheva Alexandra A. , Kytko Olesya V. , Kapitonova Marina , Vorobyov Alexandr A. , Litvina Ekaterina V. , Filimonov Vladimir I. , Bezhin Alexandr I. , Kolsanov Alexandr V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAnatomy is increasingly taught using computer‐assisted learning tools, including electronic interactive anatomy dissection tables. Anatomage was he first virtual anatomy dissection table introduced in Russian medical universities and gained popularity among lecturers and students. The Pirogov interactive anatomy table was recently released, but the strengths and weakness of each platform is currently unknown. The objective of this article is to survey lecturers in anatomy to understand their perspectives on the Pirogov versus Anatomage virtual dissection tables' application to teaching in medical universities. A total of 80 anatomy educators from 12 Russian universities, using Anatomage (n = 40) and Pirogov (n = 40) tables were surveyed regarding their satisfaction with the application of the respective tables. Using a five‐point Likert scale, both tables were assessed, and responses were statistically analyzed. In addition, qualitative analysis was performed on free response comments provided by survey respondents. There was no significant difference in overall satisfaction ratings between Pirogov (4.38 ± 0.53) and Anatomage (3.94 ± 0.60) interactive tables (p > 0.05). The Anatomage table ranked significantly higher on the accuracy of displayed anatomical details, resolution of the images, and its suitability for teaching senior medical and postgraduate students. Pirogov table performed significantly better on survey items measuring ergonomics, ability to assess students' performance, and teaching basic anatomy to junior first‐ and second‐year medical students. Thus, in summary, anatomists' responses indicated that while both tables are suitable for teaching anatomy, the Pirogov table was superior in undergraduate medical education and the Anatomage table was more beneficial for teaching more senior trainees.
Catalyst‐ and Additive‐Free Methodical Ring Expansion Protocol to Access Benzooxepino‐Fused Pyrroles
Authors: Karunakar Galla V. , Sunil Komalla , Bharath kumar Perla , Chandrappa Muneppa , Guduru Ravinder , Kantevari Srinivas , Sridhar Balasubramanian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAn efficient metal‐free, additive‐free synthetic method was developed to access benzooxepino‐fused pyrrole derivatives from alkynyl substituted aziridines. In this organic transformation, two new C−C bonds were formed via initial cleavage of C−C bond of aziridine ring by in situ generated azomethine ylides. Moderate to excellent yields of benzooxepino‐fused pyrroles were obtained atom economically in the presence of t‐BuOH in one‐pot.
Equation of state and surface thermal emission of magnetized white dwarfs
Authors: Gao Zhi Fu , Wang Hui , Zhao Xin Jun , Yang Xiao Feng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe observation and theoretical study of massive magnetized white dwarfs is one of the most important topics in the field of astronomy. This paper aims to obtain a coupled magneto‐thermal evolution model of magnetized white dwarfs (B‐WDs). As a fiducial model, we choose a non‐magnetized WD with a baryonic mass M0 = 1.37 M⊙ (M⊙ is the solar mass) for comparison with the magnetized cases. Firstly, we give an overview of the WD cooling, then study the equation of the state of a B‐WD. We find that the WD mass increases with magnetic field strength B, while its radius decreases with B, and the minimum of B required to reach the Chandrasecka limit is about 3.2 × 1014 G. Finally, by introducing the magnetic‐to‐thermal conversion coefficient ξ, and taking the temperature effect on the stellar radius into consideration, we calculate the luminosities of thermal photons Lph and surface effective temperature, Teff due to Ohmic dissipation for B‐WDs. According to our calculations, magnetic field decay can definitely maintain a long‐term thermal evolution for massive B‐WDs. This study will be useful for the study of internal thermal evolution and internal stability of B‐WDs in the future.
Lobectomy versus sublobar resection for stage I (T1‐T2aN0M0) small cell lung cancer: A SEER population‐based propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Zhou Ning , Yang Lingqi , Zhang Bo , Zhu Shuai , Huo Huandong , He Jinling , Zu Lingling , Song Zuoqing , Xu Song 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated whether sublobar resection (sub‐L) is non‐inferior to lobectomy (L) for stage I (T1‐T2aN0M0) small cell lung cancer (SCLC) regarding long‐term overall survival (OS).MethodsClinicopathological and prognostic data of patients with stage I (pT1‐T2aN0M0) SCLC were retrieved. Kaplan–Meier curves and Breslow tests were performed for the assessment of OS. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to mediate the inherent bias of retrospective researches.ResultsA total of 188 patients with stage I SCLC were included in this study after PSM. For resected stage I SCLC, surgery plus adjuvant therapy was related to a better OS compared with surgery only (p = 0.016). For resected stage I SCLC, no matter adjuvant therapy was performed or not, no significant difference was observed in long‐term OS between the L and sub‐L groups (p = 0.181). Further subgroup analysis demonstrated that the OS disadvantage of sub‐L over L was not statistically significant for stage I SCLC patients underwent surgery only (p = 0.653), but also for the patients underwent surgery plus adjuvant therapy (p = 0.069). Moreover, in the subgroup analyses according to TNM stage (IA and IB), sex (male and female), and age (≥70 and <70 years), OS did not differ between the L and sub‐L groups except in female patients (p = 0.008). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that adjuvant therapy was positively associated with OS.ConclusionsSurgery plus adjuvant therapy confers a better survival benefit than surgery only for stage I SCLC patients. However, as far as the range of surgical resection is concerned, sublobar resection may be non‐inferior to lobectomy regarding OS. Our study could conduce to the development of optimal therapeutic strategies for stage I SCLC patients. Further validation is warranted in larger retrospective and prospective cohort studies.
Antimycobacterial Compound of Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forsk.: Bioassay Guided Isolation, Molecular Docking, Synthesis of Analogs, and a Plausible Mechanism of Action
Authors: Zhao Xin , Wang Lei , Xia Meng‐Yu , Yang Zai‐Chang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) remains a major threat to human health. Due to the prevalence of drug‐resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), it is urgent to discover drugs with new mechanisms of action (MOA) to ensure effectiveness against strains that are resistant to existing TB drugs. Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forsk was used to treat TB in Traditional Chinese Medicine. In this article, shikonin, the anti‐Mtb active component, was obtained from the whole herb extract of C. lanceolatum by bioassay‐guided isolation. Using the microplate alamar blue assay (MABA), the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of shikonin against Mtb was determined to be 128 μg/mL. In order to obtain a more efficient anti‐Mtb molecule, (E)‐1‐(6‐bromo‐2,3‐dihydrochromen‐4‐ylidene)thiosemicarbazide was synthesized based on the scaffold of shikonin, which exhibited potent activity against Mtb (MIC=4 μg/mL). These results highlight that both naphthalene‐1,4‐dione and chroman‐4‐one are pharmacophores with activities against Mtb. To investigate a plausible mechanism of action, the molecular docking was firstly performed against catalase‐peroxidase enzyme (KatG) of Mtb using AutoDock 4 software. The results demonstrated that both shikonin and (E)‐1‐(6‐bromo‐2,3‐dihydrochromen‐4‐ylidene)thiosemicarbazide could bind to the active site of Mtb KatG. KatG enzyme activity and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in Mtb cells were then measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometric method and fluorescence microplate reader assay, respectively. The experiments confirmed that above compounds could inhibit the catalytic activity of Mtb KatG, and cause the ROS accumulation in Mtb cells. Therefore, inhibition of KatG may be a novel mechanism of action for these two compounds to fight against Mtb.
Nitryl Radical‐Triggered Semipinacol‐Type Rearrangement, Lactonization, and Cycloetherification of Olefins
Authors: Giri Rahul , Patra Subrata , Katayev Dmitry 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe report the development of a practical photocatalytic strategy to access various nitro‐containing cyclic compounds from olefins via semipinacol‐type rearrangement, cycloetherification, and lactonization reactions, employing N‐nitrosuccinimide as a bench‐stable, non‐metal‐based nitrating reagent. Mechanistic insights suggest that this light‐driven process occurs via NO2 radical pathway mediated by a photoredox catalyst, which triggers an N−N bond fragmentation. Subsequent Giese‐type addition of nitryl radicals to activated olefins takes place, leading to the formation of nitro‐containing β‐functionalized ketones, lactones and cycloethers. The reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions and tolerates a wide range of functional groups and structural variations.
Effect of nonobstructive coronary stenosis on coronary microvascular dysfunction and long‐term outcomes in patients with INOCA
Authors: Mohammed Ayman A. , Zhang Hengbin , Abdu Fuad A. , Liu Lu , Singh Shekhar , Lv Xian , Shi Tingting , Mareai Redhwan M. , Mohammed Abdul‐Quddus , Yin Guoqing , Zhang Wen , Xu Yawei , Che Wenliang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIschemic pain with no‐obstructive coronary artery (INOCA) is clinically significant and defined by nonobstructive coronary stenosis <50%. Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a relevant cause associated with adverse outcomes.ObjectivesInvestigated the effect of no‐stenosis (0% stenosis) and non‐obstructive (0% < stenosis < 50%) on the prognostic impact of CMD in INOCA.MethodA retrospective study assessed the coronary microvascular function in 151 INOCA patients who underwent invasive angiography by the coronary angiography‐derived index of microcirculation‐resistance (caIMR). CZT‐SPECT was performed to evaluate myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) abnormalities. Chi‐square test/Fisher exact test, Student t‐test, Kaplan–Meier curve, and Uni‐multivariable Cox proportional models were used for analysis. Clinical outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during a median follow‐up of 35 months.ResultNo‐stenosis was present in 71 (47%) INOCA patients, and 80 (53%) were with nonobstructive. CMD (caIMR ≥ 25) was more prevalent in patients with no‐stenosis than nonobstructive (76.1% vs. 48.8%, p = .001), along with abnormal MPI (39.4% vs. 22.5%, p = .024). The MACE rates were not different between no‐stenosis and nonobstructive stenosis. CMD showed an increased risk of MACE for all INOCA. No‐stenosis with CMD had the worst prognosis. Cox regression analysis identified CMD and abnormal MPI as predictors of MACE in all INOCA and patients with no‐stenosis. However, no‐stenosis and nonobstructive stenosis were not predictors of MACE in INOCA.ConclusionCMD was more frequently present in INOCA with no‐stenosis. However, there was no difference in long‐term clinical outcomes between no‐stenosis and nonobstructive stenosis. CMD could independently predict poor outcomes in INOCA, particularly in patients with no‐stenosis.
Peptides Targeting RNA m6A Methylations Influence the Viability of Cancer Cells
Authors: Rauff Rushdhi , Abedeera Sudeshi M. , Schmocker Stefani , Xie Jiale , Abeysirigunawardena Sanjaya C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractN6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant nucleotide modification observed in eukaryotic mRNA. Changes in m6A levels in transcriptome are tightly correlated to expression levels of m6A methyltransferases and demethylases. Abnormal expression levels of methyltransferases and demethylases are observed in various diseases and health conditions such as cancer, male infertility, and obesity. This research explores the efficacy of m6A‐modified RNA as an anticancer drug target. We discovered a 12‐mer peptide that binds specifically to m6A‐modified RNA using phage display experiments. Our fluorescence‐based assays illustrate the selected peptide binds to methylated RNA with lower micromolar affinity and inhibit the binding of protein FTO, a demethylase enzyme specific to m6A modification. When cancer cell lines were treated with mtp1, it led to an increase in m6A levels and a decrease in cell viability. Hence our results illustrate the potential of mtp1 to be developed as a drug for cancer.
NanoTag Nanobody Tools for Drosophila In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
Authors: Kim Ah‐Ram , Xu Jun , Cheloha Ross , Mohr Stephanie E. , Zirin Jonathan , Ploegh Hidde L. , Perrimon Norbert 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNanobodies have emerged as powerful protein‐binding tools to uncover protein functions. Using functionalized protein binders, proteins of interest can be visualized, degraded, delocalized, or post‐translationally modified in vivo. We recently reported the use of two short peptide tags, 10‐aa 127D01 and 14‐aa VHH05, and their corresponding nanobodies, Nb127D01 and NbVHH05, for both in vitro and in vivo studies in Drosophila. Here, we provide detailed protocols for nanobody production and for visualization of proteins of interest in either fixed or live samples. In addition, we include protocols for endogenous protein tagging using CRISPR‐mediated genome engineering. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Nanobody production in S2 cellsBasic Protocol 2: Nanobody expression and purification in bacterial cellsBasic Protocol 3: Immunostaining with nanobodiesBasic Protocol 4: Immunoblotting with nanobodiesBasic Protocol 5: Immunoprecipitation with nanobodies prepared from S2 cellsBasic Protocol 6: Immunoprecipitation with nanobodies prepared from bacteriaBasic Protocol 7: NbVHH05 and Nb127D01 used as chromobodiesBasic Protocol 8: NanoTag trap as a method to alter protein localizationSupport Protocol: CRISPR‐mediated tagging of endogenous genes with NanoTags
Water Well Basics
Authors: Ernst Matt 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWater wells—including abandoned wells—are commonplace in crop country. Potential water quality impacts, from both operating and abandoned wells, make them important for CCAs and their clients to understand. This article provides a review of water well basics to bear in mind as you advise clients about cropping and managing land with wells. Earn 1 CEU in Soil & Water Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Flexible Solid‐State Metal‐Air Batteries: The Booming of Portable Energy Supplies
Authors: Liu Ning , Liang Zhanhao , Yang Fan , Wang Xiaotong , Zhong Junjie , Gui Xuchun , Yang Guowei , Zeng Zhiping , Yu Dingshan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe rapid development of portable and wearable electronics has given rise to new challenges and provoked research in flexible, lightweight, and affordable energy storage devices. Flexible solid‐state metal‐air batteries (FSSMABs) are considered promising candidates, owing to their large energy density, mechanical flexibility, and durability. However, the practical applications of FSSMABs require further improvement to meet the demands of long‐term stability, high power density, and large operating voltage. This Review presents a detailed discussion of innovative electrocatalysts for the air cathode, followed by a sequential overview of high‐performance solid‐state electrolytes and metal anodes, and a summary of the current challenges and future perspectives of FSSMABs to promote practical application and large‐scale commercialization in the near future.