bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic potential and novel formulations of ursolic acid and its derivatives: an updated review
Authors: Namdeo Priya , Gidwani Bina , Tiwari Sakshi , Jain Vishal , Joshi Veenu , Shukla Shiv Shankar , Pandey Ravindra Kumar , Vyas Amber 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPlants produce biologically active metabolites that have been utilised to cure a variety of severe and persistent illnesses. There is a possibility that understanding how these bioactive molecules work would allow researchers to come up with better treatments for diseases including malignancy, cardiac disease and neurological disorders. A triterpene called ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic prevalent triterpenoid found in fruits, leaves, herbs and blooms. The biological and chemical aspects of UA, as well as their presence, plant sources and biosynthesis, and traditional and newer technologies of extraction, are discussed in this review. Because of its biological function in the creation of new therapeutic techniques, UA is a feasible option for the evolution and medical management of a wide range of medical conditions, including cancer and other life threatening diseases. Despite this, the substance's poor solubility in aquatic environments makes it unsuitable for medicinal purposes. This hurdle was resolved in many different ways. The inclusion of UA into various pharmaceutical delivery approaches was found to be quite effective in this respect. This review also describes the properties of UA and its pharmacokinetics, as well as therapeutic applications of UA for cancer, inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases, in addition to its anti‐diabetic, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective and anti‐microbial properties. Some of the recent findings related to novel nano‐sized carriers as a delivery system for UA and the patents related to the applications of UA and its various derivatives are covered in this review. The analytical study of UA, oleanolic acid and other phytoconstituents by UV, HPLC, high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography and gas chromatography is also discussed. In the future, UA could be explored in vivo using various animal models and, in addition, the regulatory status regarding UA needs to be explored. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
An adapted protocol for magnetic localisation of nonpalpable breast cancer lesions and sentinel lymph nodes using a magnetic seed and superparamagnetic iron oxide tracer
Authors: Spiekerman van Weezelenburg Merel A. , van Haaren Elisabeth R. M. , Aldenhoven Loeki , Frotscher Caroline N. A. , Körver‐Steeman Rachelle , van Bastelaar James , Bouwman Lee H. , Vissers Yvonne L. J. , Janssen Alfred 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundLocalisation techniques for nonpalpable breast cancer lesions and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) are associated with several drawbacks. A complete magnetic technique using magnetic seeds and superparamagnetic iron oxide tracer could be an interesting alternative. This study describes a clear protocol and the results of a combined magnetic approach.MethodsFrom August 2021 to February 2022 40 patients undergoing breast conserving surgery with SLNB were eligible for inclusion. Localisation was performed under ultrasound or stereotactic guidance, 1 week before surgery. Subsequently, 1 ml of tracer was injected at least 4 cm away from the tumour. Technetium‐99m (99mTc) was injected 1 day before surgery as control procedure. Outcomes were SLNB time, a number of nodes detected with magnetic tracer including comparison with 99mTc, a success rate of malignant lesion detection and pathological margin assessment.ResultsIn total, 40 procedures were performed on 39 patients. A median of one node was retrieved. Sentinel nodes were retrieved using MagTrace® with a 92.5% detection rate compared to 99mTc. Wide local excision under magnetic guidance was successful in 35 cases.ConclusionsThis paper describes a combined magnetic approach for breast‐conserving surgery and SLNB. An adapted protocol is described and could be used for implementation.
Measurement of Lower Uterine Segment Thickness to Detect Uterine Scar Defect: Comparison of Transabdominal and Transvaginal Ultrasound
Authors: Marchant Isobel , Lessard Lauriane , Bergeron Catherine , Jastrow Nicole , Gauthier Robert , Girard Mario , Guerby Paul , Vachon‐Marceau Chantale , Maheux‐Lacroix Sarah , Bujold Emmanuel 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesLower uterine segment (LUS) thickness measurement using transabdominal ultrasound (TA‐US), transvaginal ultrasound (TV‐US), or the combination of both methods can detect scar defect in women with prior cesarean. We aimed to compare the sensitivity of three approaches.MethodsWomen with prior cesarean underwent LUS thickness measurement at 34–38 weeks' gestation. Among those who underwent repeat cesarean before labor, we compared the accuracy of TA‐US, TV‐US, and the thinner of the two measurements (the “combined measurement”) for uterine scar dehiscence using the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating curves with their 95% confidence intervals (CI). We calculated the sensitivity and specificity of the three approaches using a cut‐off of 2.3 mm based on prior literature.ResultsWe included 747 participants. The mean LUS thickness was greater with TA‐US (3.8 ± 1.6 mm) compared with TV‐US (3.5 ± 1.9 mm) or the combined measurement (3.2 ± 1.5 mm; P < .001). The AUC was 78% (95% CI: 69%–87%), 85% (95% CI: 79%–91%), and 88% (95% CI: 82%–93%), respectively (all with P < .001). The AUC difference between TA‐US and the combined measurement was not significant (P = .057). A LUS below 2.3 mm would have predicted 9 (45%) of the 20 cases of uterine scar dehiscence using TA‐US, 17 (85%) using TV‐US, and 18 (90%) using the combined measurement (P < .01).ConclusionThe choice of ultrasound approach influences the measurement of the LUS thickness. The combination of the TA‐US and TV‐US seems to be superior for the detection of uterine dehiscence.
Digital transformation and corporate innovation: A factor input perspective
Authors: Liu Qianru , Liu Jianmei , Gong Cheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis research examines the effect of companies' digital transformation on innovation by integrating factors of capital, labor, and technology into the framework, aiming to understand how the enterprises can leverage digital technology to improve absorptive capacity in the innovation process. We use archival data of digital transformation extracted from the annual reports by the methods of text mining and statistical word frequency to conduct large‐sample empirical research of Chinese listed companies. Drawing upon the sample of A‐share listed companies between 2007 and 2019, this article finds that digital transformation can improve both radical and incremental innovation. Further results reveal that the digital transformation has a more significant impact on innovation for companies in the labor‐intensive and technology‐intensive industries, which have more opportunities to utilize digital technology to improve absorptive capacity, and for the companies during the recession period, which lack absorptive capacity and thus can utilize the digital technology to improve absorptive capacity more significantly. Meanwhile, the results reveal that the impact of digital transformation in the industries driven by different factors on radical innovation and incremental innovation is heterogeneous.
Classification of GBA1 Variants in Parkinson's Disease: The GBA1‐PD Browser
Authors: Parlar Sitki Cem , Grenn Francis P. , Kim Jonggeol Jeffrey , Baluwendraat Cornelis , Gan‐Or Ziv 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground
GBA1 variants are among the most common genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). GBA1 variants can be classified into three categories based on their role in Gaucher's disease (GD) or PD: severe, mild, and risk variant (for PD).ObjectiveThis review aims to generate and share a comprehensive database for GBA1 variants reported in PD to support future research and clinical trials.MethodsWe performed a literature search for all GBA1 variants that have been reported in PD. The data have been standardized and complemented with variant classification, odds ratio if available, and other data.ResultsWe found 371 GBA1 variants reported in PD: 22 mild, 84 severe, 3 risk variants, and 262 of unknown status. We created a browser containing up‐to‐date information on these variants (https://pdgenetics.shinyapps.io/GBA1Browser/).ConclusionsThe classification and browser presented in this work should inform and support basic, translational, and clinical research on GBA1‐PD. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
The bladder contractility and bladder outlet obstruction indices in children. Results of a global Delphi consensus study
Authors: Sinha Sanjay , Hashim Hashim , Finazzi‐Agrò Enrico , Dmochowski Roger Roman , Iacovelli Valerio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsThis Delphi study was planned to examine global expert consensus with regard to utility, accuracy, and categorization of Bladder Contractility Index (BCI), Bladder Outlet Obstruction Index (BOOI), and the related evidence. This manuscript deals with children and follows previous manuscripts reporting on adult men and women.MethodsEighteen experts were invited to answer the two‐round survey including three foundation questions and four survey questions. Consensus was defined as ≥75% agreement. The ordinal scale (0–10) in Round 1 was classified into “strongly agree,” “agree,” “neutral,” “disagree,” and “strongly disagree” for the final round. A systematic search for evidence was conducted for therapeutic studies that have examined outcome stratified by the indices in children.ResultsEleven experts participated in the survey with 100% completion. Consensus was not noted with regard to any of the questions. There was a general trend toward disagreement with the utility of the BCI and BOOI in children. Systematic search yielded one publication pertaining the value of the indices in predicting long‐term outcome in boys treated for posterior urethral valves.ConclusionsThis global Delphi survey of experts showed a general disinclination to use numerical indices for bladder contractility and bladder outflow obstruction in children. There is very little data on the use of the BCI and BOOI indices in children. The establishment of urodynamic indices in children might help refine the treatment of functional urological disorders in children.
Graduating nursing students' user experiences of the immersive virtual reality simulation in learning – A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Mäkinen Henna , Haavisto Elina , Havola Sara , Koivisto Jaana‐Maija 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo describe nursing students' user experiences' (UX) regarding highly immersive virtual reality (VR) simulation with head mounted display used for learning.DesignQualitative descriptive study.MethodsGraduating nursing students (n = 41). Individual interviews were held right after VR simulation. The usability was assessed using System Usability Scale (SUS).ResultsUser experiences emphasized three themes about the highly immersive VR simulation: nursing care in the immersive VR simulation, technology in the immersive VR simulation, and learning nursing in the immersive VR simulation. Usability was evaluated as fair (SUS score 62.3 out of 100). Scores revealed that the VR simulation was easy to use. The support of a technical person was highlighted.ConclusionsThis study supports strongly the use of highly immersive VR simulation for nursing education. VR simulations should replicate the most authentic nursing care. Technical assistance is crucial when adopting new technologies in education. The results highlighted the importance of UX in an education context.
A fast Alikhanov algorithm with general nonuniform time steps for a two‐dimensional distributed‐order time–space fractional advection–dispersion equation
Authors: Cao Jiliang , Xiao Aiguo , Bu Weiping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a fast Alikhanov algorithm with nonuniform time steps for a two dimensional distributed‐order time–space fractional advection–dispersion equation. First, an efficient fast Alikhanov algorithm on the general nonuniform time steps for the evaluation of Caputo fractional derivative is presented to sharply reduce the computational work and storage, and are applied to the distributed‐order time fractional derivative or multi‐term time fractional derivative under the nonsmooth regularity assumptions. And a generalized discrete fractional Grönwall inequality is extended to multi‐term fractional derivative or distributed‐order fractional derivative for analyzing theoretically our algorithm. Then the stability and convergence of time semi‐discrete scheme are investigated. Furthermore, we derive the corresponding fully discrete scheme by finite element method and discuss its convergence. At last, the given numerical examples adequately confirm the correctness of theoretical analysis and compare the computing effectiveness between the fast algorithm and the direct method.
Dual least‐squares finite element method with stabilization
Authors: Lee Eunjung , Na Hyesun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe LL*‐method is a least‐squares finite element approach producing an approximation by solving dual problem corresponding to the given partial differential equations. Due to the unique structure of LL* approximation, it has advantages if the problem has low regularities and when L2‐approximation needs to be established. As a drawback, piecewise polynomial type approximation often generates artifacts such as spurious oscillations near where shocks or discontinuities occur in solution. Allowing discontinuous piecewise polynomial approximation in LL* seems to exacerbate this trouble. This paper presents a stabilized LL*‐method that is designed to effectively reduce these oscillatory behavior. The consistency and error convergence of proposed method are analyzed and numerical examinations are performed.
A randomized, double‐blind placebo‐controlled add‐on trial to assess the efficacy, safety, and anti‐atherogenic effect of spirulina platensis in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Karizi Sahar rajabzadeh , Armanmehr Fatemeh , Azadi Hamideh Ghodrati , Zahroodi Hojjat Shadman , Ghalibaf AmirAli Moodi , Bazzaz Bibi Sedigheh Fazly , Abbaspour Mohammadreza , Boskabadi Javad , Eslami Saeid , Taherzadeh Zhila 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe efficacy of spirulina platensis (S. platensis) as an add‐on therapy to metformin and its effect on atherogenic keys in patients with uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) was evaluated. Sixty patients were randomly assigned to S. platensis (2 g/day) or placebo group for three months while continuing metformin as their usual treatment. The efficacy of S. platensis was determined using the pre‐ and post‐intervention HbA1c levels (primary outcome) as well as tracking FBS and lipid profiles levels (TC, LDL‐C, TG, and HDL‐C) as secondary outcomes at the different treatment time points (0,30,60,90 days). During the three–month intervention period, supplementation with S. platensis resulted in a significant lowering of HbA1c (↓1.43, p < 0.001) and FBS (↓ 24.94 mg/dL, p < 001) levels. Mean TG in the intervention group was found to be significantly lower in the intervention group than in controls (p < 0.001). Total cholesterol (TC) and its fraction, LDL‐C, exhibited a fall (↓41.36 mg/dL and ↓38.4 mg/dL, respectively; p < 0.001) coupled with a marginal increase in the level of HDL‐C (↑3 mg/dL; p < 0.001). Add‐on therapy with S. platensis was superior to metformin regarding long‐term glucose regulation and controlling blood glucose levels of subjects with T2DM. Also, as a functional supplement, S. platensis has a beneficial effect on atherogenic keys (TG and HDL‐C) with no adverse events.
Optimal stealthy false data injection attacks for networked linear quadratic Gaussian control systems with two channels
Authors: Liu Rui‐Rui , Yu Hao , Hao Fei 
Published: January 2023

SummaryIn this paper, a security problem in networked control systems which are modeled as linear quadratic Gaussian control systems is investigated from the perspective of attackers. We consider the scenario that the attackers can inject false data into two channels: sensor‐to‐controller and controller‐to‐actuator channels. The goal of attackers is to design the optimal stealthy false data injection attacks to maximize the linear quadratic Gaussian control cost function, where Kullback‐Leiber divergence is used as a stealthiness metric. Firstly, the cost function is divided into a fixed part and a part which is related to a remote estimation error covariance. Then, when the two channels are attacked by attackers, the recursion of remote estimation error covariance is derived. In the presence of attacks, the optimization problem with multiple decision variables, which may not be a convex problem, is transformed into a convex optimization problem and the corresponding optimal solution is obtained. In addition, an upper bound of benefit loss when using the optimal solution of the convex optimization problem is presented. Finally, a simulation example is presented to show the effectiveness of the obtained results.
Expansion and flooding in dynamic random networks with node churn
Authors: Becchetti Luca , Clementi Andrea , Pasquale Francesco , Trevisan Luca , Ziccardi Isabella 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe study expansion and flooding in evolving graphs, when nodes and edges are continuously created and removed. We consider a model with Poisson node inter‐arrival and exponential node survival times. Upon joining the network, a node connects to random nodes, while an edge disappears whenever one of its endpoints leaves the network. For this model, we show that, although the graph has isolated nodes with large, constant probability, flooding still informs a fraction of the nodes in time . Moreover, at any given time, the graph exhibits a “large‐set expansion” property. We further consider a model in which each edge leaving the network is replaced by a fresh, random one. In this second case, we prove that flooding informs all nodes in time , with high probability. Moreover, the graph is a vertex expander with high probability.
Individualized Net Benefit estimation and meta‐analysis using generalized pairwise comparisons in N‐of‐1 trials
Authors: Giai Joris , Péron Julien , Roustit Matthieu , Cracowski Jean‐Luc , Roy Pascal , Ozenne Brice , Buyse Marc , Maucort‐Boulch Delphine 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThe Net Benefit (Δ) is a measure of the benefit‐risk balance in clinical trials, based on generalized pairwise comparisons (GPC) using several prioritized outcomes and thresholds of clinical relevance. We extended Δ to N‐of‐1 trials, with a focus on patient‐level and population‐level Δ.MethodsWe developed a Δ estimator at the individual level as an extension of the stratum‐specific Δ, and at the population‐level as an extension of the stratified Δ. We performed a simulation study mimicking PROFIL, a series of 38 N‐of‐1 trials testing sildenafil in Raynaud's phenomenon, to assess the power for such an analysis with realistic data. We then reanalyzed PROFIL using GPC. This reanalysis was finally interpreted in the context of the main analysis of PROFIL which used Bayesian individual probabilities of efficacy.ResultsSimulations under the null showed good size of the test for both individual and population levels. The test lacked power when being simulated from the true PROFIL data, even when increasing the number of repetitions up to 140 days per patient. PROFIL individual‐level estimated Δ were well correlated with the probabilities of efficacy from the Bayesian analysis while showing similarly wide confidence intervals. Population‐level estimated Δ was not significantly different from zero, consistently with the previous Bayesian analysis.ConclusionGPC can be used to estimate individual Δ which can then be aggregated in a meta‐analytic way in N‐of‐1 trials. GPC ability to easily incorporate patient preferences allow for more personalized treatment evaluation, while needing much less computing time than Bayesian modeling.
Lipolysis of Poly(Hydroxybutyrate)‐Based Films for the Tailored Release of Hydrophilic Proteins
Authors: Raza Zulfiqar Ali , Khatoon Rizwana 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe report the fabrication of poly(lactic acid) mediated poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) films using a solvent casting approach. The prepared films were employed to attain additional polarities for making them hydrophilic for impregnating certain model proteins. The extent of lipolysis was assessed via lipase, hydrolytic and water contact angle (WCA) assays. The films were examined for surface chemical and thermogravimetric profiles. The lipase and hydrolytic activities turned out to be 7.28 U/mL.min and 7.85 mL/g, respectively; whereas, the WCA of the test film reduced from 100.0° to 52.8° on lipolysis which on impregnating with the proteins further reduced to <30.0°. The specimens expressed surface smoothness after lipase treatment; however, roughened after the adsorption of proteins. The surface chemical analysis exhibited increased oxygen contents after lipolysis, indicating the inclusion of oxygen‐containing polar functionalities whereas amide functionality after protein adsorption. The results suggest the feasibility of protein‐adsorbed PHB films in sustained drug delivery applications.
Efficient Adsorption and Removal of Congo Red from Aqueous Solution Using Magnetic Covalent Organic Framework Nanocomposites
Authors: Lu Sufen , Wei Yunjiao , Long Shuixian , Chen Ziyan , Chen Feixia , Lin Haoran , Lu Junyu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this work, a core‐shell structured magnetic covalent organic framework (Fe3O4@TpPDA) was synthesized through simple in‐situ growth method by using 1,3,5‐triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) and 1,4‐phenylenediamine (PDA) as precursors, and used as adsorbents for the efficient adsorption and removal of Congo red from aqueous solution. The as‐prepared Fe3O4@TpPDA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra and transmission electron microscopy. The influence of initial concentration, adsorption time, and temperature was evaluated. The adsorption of Congo red onto Fe3O4@TpPDA was investigated by adsorption models including Langmuir, Freundlich, pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic models. The adsorption behavior was fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm and consistent with the pseudo secondary dynamics model. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 179.4 mg/g. According to thermodynamic analysis, Congo red adsorption is a spontaneous endothermic reaction. Furthermore, the reusability of Fe3O4@TpPDA was determined by recycling it up to seven times. Thus, Fe3O4@TpPDA was considered to be an excellent adsorbent for the quick and efficient adsorption of Congo red from environmental water.
N‐Iodo‐4‐N,N‐Dimethylaminopyridinium Iodide; A New Green Iodination Reagent for Regioselective Mono and Di Iodination of Phenols and Anilines in Water with Good E‐Factor
Authors: Thangalipalli Swathi , Goud Bandalla Siddarama , Kiran Neella Chandra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA new Green Iodinating reagent, N‐Iodo‐4‐N,N‐Dimethylaminopyridinium Iodide, is identified, prepared and the structure is unambiguously established. The reagent is employed for metal/coreagent free regioselective mono and also diiodination of phenols and anilines. This is the first report wherein both phenol and aniline regioselectively produced only ortho monoiodo derivatives. Chemoselectivity and nucleo‐selectivity were also gained from this methodology. Our procedure is an Eco‐friendly one due to Good E‐factor (0.27), recovery and recycling of DMAP, Non‐chromatography purification of products and water as solvent.