bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stand- and tree-level responses to a range of initial basal area densities following partial harvest of complex spruce–fir stands in central British Columbia: 25-year results of a long-term field experiment
Authors: Jull Michael , Griesbauer Hardy 
Published: May 2023

As forest managers increasingly seek to implement partial-harvest silviculture systems in complex forests, more data are required on the potential development of the residual stand following treatment. In this study, we present 25-year data from a long-term silvicultural study of tree- and stand-level responses to differing levels of basal area following partial harvest in a complex spruce–fir forest in central British Columbia, Canada. Reducing stand basal area elicited stronger basal area increment response in fir than spruce; however, spruce productivity was overall higher than fir across all treatments. Smaller trees increased their size proportionally more than larger trees, and thinning resulted in increased recruitment of smaller trees into larger diameter classes. At the stand-level, basal area reductions to well below 20 m2/ha resulted in higher volume and basal area growth over the length of this study, and suggest that optimum stand-level growth may be achieved at lower basal areas than suggested in prior literature. We also found a positive relationship between stand-level residual basal area and mortality. In central British Columbia, stand structure, species composition, and growth rates in complex spruce–fir forests can be maintained through partial-harvest silviculture treatments.
Nuclear structure advancements with multi-nucleon transfer reactions
Authors: Pérez-Vidal R. M. , Galtarossa F. , Mijatović T. , Szilner S. , Zanon I. , Brugnara D. , Pellumaj J. , Ciemala M. , Valiente-Dobón J. J. , Corradi L. , Clément E. , Leoni S. , Fornal B. , Siciliano M. , Gadea A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMulti-Nucleon Transfer (MNT) reactions have been used for decades as a reaction mechanism, in order to populate excited states in nuclei far from stability and to perform nuclear structure studies. Nevertheless, the development of set-ups involving high acceptance tracking magnetic spectrometers (mainly existing in Europe), coupled with the Advanced GAmma Tracking Array (AGATA) opens new possibilities, especially if they are used in conjunction with high-intensity stable beams or ISOL RIBs. In this article, we will discuss the capabilities of such set-ups aiming at different goals, including complete information in high-resolution spectroscopy as well as lifetime measurements.
Nonexistence and Uniqueness of Limit Cycles in a Class of Three-Dimensional Piecewise Linear Differential Systems
Authors: Chen Ting , Huang Lihong , Llibre Jaume 
Published: May 2023

During the last twenty years there has been increasing interest in studying the piecewise differential systems, mainly due to their many applications in natural science and technology. Up to now the most studied differential systems are in dimension two, here we study them in dimension three. One of the main difficulties for studying these differential systems consists in controlling the existence and nonexistence of limit cycles, and the numbers when they exist. In this paper, we study the nonsymmetric limit cycles for a family of three-dimensional piecewise linear differential systems with three zones separated by two parallel planes. For this class of differential systems we study the nonexistence, existence and uniqueness of their limit cycles.
Circulating Tumor DNA Biomarkers for Response Assessment in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sartor Oliver 
Published: May 2023

Summary
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is measurable in the majority of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. Data indicate that ctDNA present at baseline can serve as a prognostic biomarker and changes in the ctDNA posttreatment can rapidly predict both time to progression and survival.
See related article by Tolmeijer et al., p. 2835
O resgate da memória: o topônimo do bairro ouro-pretano Cabeças
Authors: Fernandes Fernanda Kelly Mineiro , Mendes Soélis Teixeira do Prado 
Published: May 2023

Nosso objetivo é resgatar parte da memória cultural da setecentista Vila Rica, hoje Ouro Preto, por meio da análise do topônimo “Cabeças”, nome atribuído a um dos bairros ouro-pretanos mais antigos. Com base nos estudos onomásticos e nas narrativas dos moradores, discutimos aspectos que extrapolam dados linguísticos e que estão presentes na nomeação de topônimos. A análise dos dados nos mostrou que a configuração geográfica e a posição da localidade em relação à Vila motivaram a escolha toponímica. Assim, podemos afirmar que, com a recuperação dos contextos histórico, cultural, geográfico e social, que propiciaram a criação do topônimo sob análise, foi possível recuperar-lhe o significado ao trazermos à tona informações subjacentes ao nome e em que situação ele foi atribuído à localidade.
Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Patients Diagnosed With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy During Childhood: Insights From the SHaRe Registry
Authors: Abou Alaiwi Sarah , Roston Thomas M. , Marstrand Peter , Claggett Brian Lee , Parikh Victoria N. , Helms Adam S. , Ingles Jodie , Lampert Rachel , Lakdawala Neal K. , Michels Michelle , Owens Anjali T. , Rossano Joseph W. , Saberi Sara , Abrams Dominic J. , Ashley Euan A. , Semsarian Christopher , Stendahl John C. , Ware James S. , Miller Erin , Ryan Thomas D. , Russell Mark W. , Day Sharlene M. , Olivotto Iacopo , Vissing Christoffer R. , Ho Carolyn Y. 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:
The development of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is rare but serious and associated with poor outcomes in adults. Little is known about the prevalence, predictors, and prognosis of LVSD in patients diagnosed with HCM as children.

METHODS:
Data from patients with HCM in the international, multicenter SHaRe (Sarcomeric Human Cardiomyopathy Registry) were analyzed. LVSD was defined as left ventricular ejection fraction <50% on echocardiographic reports. Prognosis was assessed by a composite of death, cardiac transplantation, and left ventricular assist device implantation. Predictors of developing incident LVSD and subsequent prognosis with LVSD were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS:
We studied 1010 patients diagnosed with HCM during childhood (<18 years of age) and compared them with 6741 patients with HCM diagnosed as adults. In the pediatric HCM cohort, median age at HCM diagnosis was 12.7 years (interquartile range, 8.0–15.3), and 393 (36%) patients were female. At initial SHaRe site evaluation, 56 (5.5%) patients with childhood-diagnosed HCM had prevalent LVSD, and 92 (9.1%) developed incident LVSD during a median follow-up of 5.5 years. Overall LVSD prevalence was 14.7% compared with 8.7% in patients with adult-diagnosed HCM. Median age at incident LVSD was 32.6 years (interquartile range, 21.3–41.6) for the pediatric cohort and 57.2 years (interquartile range, 47.3–66.5) for the adult cohort. Predictors of developing incident LVSD in childhood-diagnosed HCM included age <12 years at HCM diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.72 [CI, 1.13–2.62), male sex (HR, 3.1 [CI, 1.88–5.2), carrying a pathogenic sarcomere variant (HR, 2.19 [CI, 1.08–4.4]), previous septal reduction therapy (HR, 2.34 [CI, 1.42–3.9]), and lower initial left ventricular ejection fraction (HR, 1.53 [CI, 1.38–1.69] per 5% decrease). Forty percent of patients with LVSD and HCM diagnosed during childhood met the composite outcome, with higher rates in female participants (HR, 2.60 [CI, 1.41–4.78]) and patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction <35% (HR, 3.76 [2.16–6.52]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients with childhood-diagnosed HCM have a significantly higher lifetime risk of developing LVSD, and LVSD emerges earlier than for patients with adult-diagnosed HCM. Regardless of age at diagnosis with HCM or LVSD, the prognosis with LVSD is poor, warranting careful surveillance for LVSD, especially as children with HCM transition to adult care.
Association Between Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and Intracerebral Hemorrhage Outcomes in the FAST Trial
Authors: Witsch Jens , Roh David , Oh Stephanie , Iadecola Costantino , Diaz-Arrastia Ramon , Kasner Scott E. , Mayer Stephan A. , Murthy Santosh B. 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:
Neutrophil-mediated inflammation in the acute phase of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) worsens outcome in preclinical studies. sICAM-1 (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1), an inducible ligand for integrins and cell-cell adhesion molecules, is critical for neutrophil extravasation. We aimed to determine whether serum levels of sICAM-1 are associated with worse outcomes after ICH.

METHODS:
We conducted a post hoc secondary analysis of an observational cohort using data from the FAST trial (Factor-VII for Acute Hemorrhagic Stroke Treatment). The study exposure was the admission serum level of sICAM-1. The coprimary outcomes were mortality and poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 4–6) at 90 days. Secondary radiological outcomes were hematoma expansion at 24 hours and perihematomal edema expansion at 72 hours. We used multiple linear and logistic regression analyses to test for associations between sICAM-1 and outcomes, after adjustment for demographics, ICH severity characteristics, change in the systolic blood pressure in the first 24 hours, treatment randomization arm, and the time from symptom onset to study drug administration.

RESULTS:
Of 841 patients, we included 507 (60%) with complete data. Hematoma expansion occurred in 169 (33%), while 242 (48%) had a poor outcome. In multivariable analyses, sICAM-1 was associated with mortality (odds ratio, 1.53 per SD increase [95% CI, 1.15–2.03]) and poor outcome (odds ratio, 1.34 per SD increase [CI, 1.06–1.69]). In multivariable analyses of secondary outcomes, sICAM-1 was associated with hematoma expansion (odds ratio, 1.35 per SD increase [CI, 1.11–1.66]), but was not associated with log-transformed perihematomal edema expansion at 72 hours. In additional analyses stratified by treatment assignment, similar results were noted in the recombinant activated factor-VII arm, but not in the placebo arm.

CONCLUSIONS:
Admission serum levels of sICAM-1 were associated with mortality, poor outcome, and hematoma expansion. Given the possibility of a biological interaction between recombinant activated factor-VII and sICAM-1, these findings highlight the need to further explore the role of sICAM-1 as a potential marker of poor ICH outcomes.
Not Playing by the Rules: Exploratory Play, Rational Action, and Efficient Search
Authors: Chu Junyi , Schulz Laura E. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Recent studies suggest children’s exploratory play is consistent with formal accounts of rational learning. Here we focus on the tension between this view and a nearly ubiquitous feature of human play: In play, people subvert normal utility functions, incurring seemingly unnecessary costs to achieve arbitrary rewards. We show that four-and-five-year-old children not only infer playful behavior from observed violations of rational action (Experiment 1), but themselves take on unnecessary costs during both retrieval (Experiment 2) and search (Experiments 3A–B) tasks, despite acting efficiently in non-playful, instrumental contexts. We discuss the value of such apparently utility-violating behavior and why it might serve learning in the long run.
“The Red Spots Are Now Lava, We Shouldn’t Step on Them”—The Joint Creation of Novel Arbitrary Social Contexts in Pretend Play
Authors: Andrási Krisztina , Király Ildikó 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPretend play has been extensively studied in developmental science, nevertheless important questions remain about how children engage in and navigate between pretend episodes. In this proposal, we scrutinize childhood pretense from a social cognitive developmental point of view. First, we review previous theories of pretend play structured around important questions that pinpoint some attributes of pretend episodes, such as their transient and socially defined nature. In these sections, evidence is also reviewed about children’s understanding of these attributes. Following this, we describe a novel proposal of pretend play which extends recent accounts of (pretend) play (Wyman & Rakoczy, 2011; Chu & Schulz, 2020a) by exploiting the importance of social interactions in pretense. We contend that engaging in shared pretending can be considered a manifestation of and support for children’s ability to participate in and set up arbitrary contextual boundaries with others. These claims are discussed with regards to how pretend play may figure into social development, its potential implications for intra- as well as intercultural variation, as well as future research.
Multilingual Language Ideological Assemblages: Language Contact, Documentation and Revitalization
Authors: Kroskrity Paul V. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Data from long-term research in two ideologically divergent Native American linguistic communities demonstrate the importance, first, of indigenous multilingualisms and, second, of distinctive ideologies of multilingualism in shaping the divergent language contact outcomes and practices of those communities as they adapted to such forces as economic incorporation, colonization, assimilationist policies, and later decolonization and attempted language revitalization. Indigenous ideological differences in these communities were key factors in producing divergent patterns of language shift as well as in community efforts to document and revitalize their respective heritage languages. The Village of Tewa (NE Arizona) still partially retains a multilingual adaptation in all generations except youth and young adults (Kroskrity, 1993; 2014). The Western Mono (Central California) were traditionally multilingual with neighboring languages of the Yokuts and Southern Sierra Miwok groups (Kroskrity, 2009a). Though both groups were historically multilingual, multilingual practices were differentially influenced by distinctive language ideologies such as those emphasizing purism/syncretism and the expressive/utilitarian functions of language. This observation suggests the importance of understanding indigenous multilingualisms and their consequences for language contact within their language ideological assemblages (Kroskrity, 2018).
Reappraising Survey Tools in the Study of Multilingualism: Lessons From Contexts of Small-Scale Multilingualism
Authors: Di Carlo Pierpaolo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Surveys can allow for the collection of non-speech data in a relatively short time and might benefit field linguists working in contexts of language contact. Existing survey models broadly share a basic structure embodying ways of understanding speakers and contexts of interaction that are ultimately derived from diglossia theory. By attempting a critical analysis of the ideological foundations of survey tools, this article provides the opportunity to recognize some key limitations that might affect the diagnostic potential of current survey models in specific contexts. A case in point is offered by Lower Fungom, in rural Cameroon, where forms of non-diglossic, small-scale multilingualism are practiced. Through the presentation of first-hand fieldwork experience and ethnographic data, it becomes apparent that a new model of surveying multilingual populations is needed in order to capture relevant information in such contexts. This article advances some proposals aiming to build such a model. Since its innovations are rooted in sociolinguistic phenomena that appear to be common across environments of small-scale multilingualism, the proposed model can potentially be applied in research conducted in any environments of this kind.
Adapting Methods of Language Documentation To Multilingual Settings
Authors: Good Jeff 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Commonly recommended methods for documenting endangered languages are built around the assumption that a given documentary project will focus on a single language rather than a multilingual ecology. This hinders the potential usability of documentary materials for the study of language contact. Research in domains such as ethnography and sociolinguistics has developed conceptual and analytical tools for understanding patterns of multilingual usage, but the insights of such work have yet to be translated into concrete recommendations for enhancements to documentary practice. This paper considers how standard documentary approaches can be adapted to multilingual contexts with respect to activities such as the collection of metadata, the use of ethnographic methods, and the recording and annotation of naturalistic multilingual discourse. A particular focus of the discussion are ways in which documentary projects can create better records of multilingual practices even if these are not the focus of the work.
Obsidian Vessels and Eye Inlays from Naqada and Abydos in the Collection of the Garstang Museum, Liverpool, UK
Authors: O’Sullivan Rebecca 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Nine unpublished obsidian artefacts (one cosmetics jar, two vessel fragments, and six eye inlays) from the Garstang Museum collection are presented, with the aim of patching gaps in the current record concerning their excavation contexts and material properties, which were presumably detailed in John Garstang’s now-lost excavation report/notes. The objects date to the Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom periods, and five objects were matched to those described in previous archival research on Garstang’s Abydos excavations. SEM-EDS was conducted to characterise the material compositions and make a preliminary assessment of the obsidian’s provenance. It is suggested that the obsidian for the three vessels (analyses on prepared surfaces) may have originated in the region of modern Eritrea and Ethiopia, but the eye inlays (non-destructive analyses on raw surfaces) could not be matched to any geological obsidian source, highlighting the difficulties with balancing object preservation and analytical quality in researching museum collections.
Psychiatric nurses’ experience of moral distress: Its relationship with empowerment and coping
Authors: Tomura Michiko 
Published: May 2023

Background Research has shown that moral distress negatively impacts nurses, patients, and organizations; however, several scholars have argued that it can be an opportunity for positive outcomes. Thus, factors that may mitigate moral distress and catalyze positive change need to be explored. Research aim The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among structural and psychological empowerment, psychiatric staff nurses’ experience of moral distress, and strategies for coping with moral distress. Research design A descriptive cross-sectional correlational study. Participants and research context A total of 180 registered nurses working in psychiatric hospitals in Japan participated. This study examined relationships among key variables using four questionnaires to assess structural and psychological empowerment, moral distress for psychiatric nurses, and coping strategies. Statistical analyses of correlations and multiple regressions were conducted. Ethical considerations The study was approved by the institutional review board at the author’s affiliated university. Findings Psychiatric nurses perceived moderate levels of structural and psychological empowerment, and their experiences of moral distress were related to low staffing. Structural empowerment was negatively related to the frequency of moral distress but not the intensity. Contrary to expectations, psychological empowerment was not found to mitigate nurses’ moral distress. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that the significant predictors of moral distress were the leaving issues unresolved coping style, the problem-solving coping style, and a lack of formal power, which explained 35% and 22% of the variance in the frequency and intensity of moral distress, respectively. Conclusions In psychiatric hospitals in Japan, nurses experience moral distress that compromises the quality of care they provide. Therefore, formal support for nurses in voicing and investigating their moral concerns is required to bestow formal power by establishing a ward culture that includes shared governance.
Aflibercept versus ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema: A meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Haiyan , Shi Xuehui , Zhang Wang , Han Qianqian 
Published: May 2023

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of aflibercept (AFL) versus ranibizumab (RAN) for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases were searched up to September 2022 to identify prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing AFL with RAN for the treatment of DME. Review Manager 5.3 software was used for data analysis. We used the GRADE system to evaluate the quality of the evidence for each outcome. Results A total of 8 RCTs involving 1067 eyes (939 patients) were included; there were 526 eyes in the AFL group and 541 eyes in the RAN group. Meta-analysis revealed that there was no significant difference between RAN and AFL in the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of DME patients at 6 months (WMD: −0.05, 95% CI  =  −0.12 to 0.01, moderate quality) and 12 months after injection (WMD: −0.02, 95% CI  =  −0.07 to 0.03, moderate quality). Additionally, there was no significant difference between RAN and AFL in the reduction of central macular thickness (CMT) at 6 months (WMD: −0.36, 95% CI  =  −24.99 to 24.26, very low quality) and 12 months after injection (WMD: −6.36, 95% CI  =  −16.30 to 3.59, low quality). Meta-analysis showed that the number of intravitreal injections (IVIs) for AFL was significantly lower than that for RAN (WMD: −0.47, 95% CI  =  −0.88 to −0.05, very low quality). There were fewer adverse reactions to AFL than to RAN, but the difference was not significant. Conclusion This study found that there was no difference in BCVA, CMT or adverse reactions between AFL and RAN at 6 and 12 months of follow-up, but AFL needed fewer IVIs than RAN.
Participant Experiences of Low-Dose Empagliflozin Use as Adjunct Therapy to Hybrid Closed Loop: Findings From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pasqua Melissa-Rosina , Odabassian Madison , Tsoukas Michael A. , Haidar Ahmad 
Published: May 2023

Background: Very few patient-reported outcomes have been published in regard to opinions of individuals with type 1 diabetes concerning adjunctive therapy. The aim of this subanalysis was to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the thoughts and experiences of participants with type 1 diabetes who have used low doses of empagliflozin as an adjunct to hybrid closed-loop therapy. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were performed with adult participants who completed a double-blinded, crossover, randomized controlled trial using low-dose empagliflozin as an adjunct to hybrid closed-loop therapy. Participant experiences were captured through qualitative and quantitative methods. A descriptive analysis was performed using a qualitative approach; attitudes toward relevant topics were extracted from interview transcripts. Results: Twenty-four participants were interviewed; 15 (63%) perceived differences between interventions despite blinding, due to glycemic control or side effects. Advantages that arose were better glycemic control, in particular postprandially, requiring less insulin, and ease of use. Disadvantages were thought to be adverse effects, increased incidence of hypoglycemia, and increased pill burden. Thirteen (54%) participants were interested in using low-dose empagliflozin beyond the study. Conclusions: Many participants had positive experiences with low-dose empagliflozin as an adjunct to the hybrid closed-loop therapy. A dedicated study with unblinding would be beneficial to better characterize patient-reported outcomes.