bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized DNA isolation from marine sponges for natural sampler DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Harper Lynsey R. , Neave Erika F. , Sellers Graham S. , Cunnington Alice V. , Arias María Belén , Craggs Jamie , MacDonald Barry , Riesgo Ana , Mariani Stefano 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMarine sponges have recently been recognized as natural samplers of environmental DNA (eDNA) due to their effective water filtration and their ubiquitous, sessile, and regenerative nature. However, laboratory workflows for metabarcoding of sponge tissue have not been optimized to ensure that these natural samplers achieve their full potential for community survey. We used a phased approach to investigate the influence of DNA isolation procedures on the biodiversity information recovered from sponges. In Phase 1, we compared three treatments of residual ethanol preservative in sponge tissue alongside five DNA extraction protocols. The results of Phase 1 informed which ethanol treatment and DNA extraction protocol should be used in Phase 2, where we assessed the effect of starting tissue mass on extraction success and whether homogenization of sponge tissue is required. Phase 1 results indicated that ethanol preservative may contain unique and/or additional biodiversity information to that present in sponge tissue, but blotting tissue dry generally recovered more taxa and generated more sequence reads from the wild sponge species. Tissue extraction protocols performed best in terms of DNA concentration, taxon richness, and proportional read counts, but the non‐commercial tissue protocol was selected for Phase 2 due to cost‐efficiency and greater recovery of target taxa. In Phase 2 overall, we found that homogenization may not be required for sponge tissue and more starting material does not necessarily improve taxon detection. These results combined provide an optimized DNA isolation procedure for sponges to enhance marine biodiversity assessment using natural sampler DNA metabarcoding.
Enantioselective Catalytic Addition of N‐Acyl Radicals: In Batch and In Flow Organophotoredox α‐Amination of Aldehydes
Authors: Boselli Monica Fiorenza , Intini Niccolò , Puglisi Alessandra , Raimondi Laura , Rossi Sergio , Benaglia Maurizio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe organophotoredox catalytic enantioselective addition of N‐acyl radicals to aldehydes, to afford enantioenriched N‐acyl 1,2 aminoalcohols was studied. Under the best conditions, in batch, the product was isolated in up to 52 % yield and 85 % e.e., using a low cost and commercially available chiral imidazolidinone as organocatalyst. The reaction was then studied in flow, exploring different experimental setups and photoreactors. Although modest yields were obtained, the in‐flow process afforded the product in higher productivities (up to 60 times higher) and improved space time yields (increased up to 113 times) compared to the batch reaction, with no loss of stereoselectivity.
The diagnostic value of ictal SPECT—A retrospective, semiquantitative monocenter study
Authors: Schulte Freya , Bitzer Felix , Gärtner Florian Christoph , Bauer Tobias , von Wrede Randi , Baumgartner Tobias , Rácz Attila , Borger Valeri , von Oertzen Tim , Vatter Hartmut , Essler Markus , Surges Rainer , Rüber Theodor 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveIctal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can be used as an advanced diagnostic modality to detect the seizure onset zone in the presurgical evaluation of people with epilepsy. In addition to visual assessment (VSA) of ictal and interictal SPECT images, postprocessing methods such as ictal‐interictal SPECT analysis using SPM (ISAS) can visualize regional ictal blood flow differences. We aimed to evaluate and differentiate the diagnostic value of VSA and ISAS in the Bonn cohort.MethodsWe included 161 people with epilepsy who underwent presurgical evaluation at the University Hospital Bonn between 2008 and 2020 and received ictal and interictal SPECT and ISAS. We retrospectively assigned SPECT findings to one of five categories according to their degree of concordance with the clinical focus hypothesis.ResultsSeizure onset zones could be identified more likely on a sublobar concordance level by ISAS than by VSA (31% vs. 19% of cases; OR = 1.88; 95% Cl [1.04, 3.42]; P = 0.03). Both VSA and ISAS more often localized a temporal seizure onset zone than an extratemporal one. Neither VSA nor ISAS findings were predicted by the latency between seizure onset and tracer injection (P = 0.75). In people who underwent successful epilepsy surgery, VSA and ISAS indicated the correct resection site in 54% of individuals, while MRI and EEG showed the correct resection localization in 96% and 33% of individuals, respectively. It was more likely to become seizure‐free after epilepsy surgery if ISAS or VSA had been successful. There was no MR‐negative case with successful surgery, indicating that ictal SPECT is more useful for confirmation than for localization.SignificanceThe results of the most extensive clinical study of ictal SPECT to date allow an assessment of the diagnostic value of this elaborate examination and emphasize the importance of postprocessing routines.
Recurrent debris flows and their downstream fate: Geomorphic drivers of an anomalous sediment load, Suiattle River, Washington State, USA
Authors: Fordham Edward M. , Pfeiffer Allison M. , Bunn Andrew G. , Novak Stephen J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlpine mass wasting events have impacts that extend past their headwater origins, sometimes reaching populated lowlands. Understanding the processes driving these sediment pulses, and how they contribute to basin‐scale sediment fluxes, is important for hazard assessment and aquatic habitat management. The Suiattle River, which drains Glacier Peak stratovolcano in Washington State, is a dominant contributor of suspended sediment in the region. Normalized for drainage area, it supplies more suspended sediment than nearly any other river in the area and more than twice as much as the White Chuck River, which drains the opposite flank of the volcano. Despite its importance to the regional sediment budget, geomorphic processes in the basin have received relatively little attention in the literature. In this study, we build on previous work to explore the magnitude, timing and triggering mechanisms of sediment loading events in the basin. We find that outburst flood‐triggered debris flows from Chocolate Glacier are of widely varying magnitude and coincide with high temperatures in the late summer. Major debris flow activity initiated in the late 1930s, with at least eight valley‐filling debris flows since then. Smaller, more recent debris flows, likely also driven by outburst floods, occur in five of seven years of complete data. In total, the small debris flows and the subsequent autumn flushing events explain ~21% of the ‘anomalous’ sediment load in the basin, while reworking and abrasion of the historic events may explain another ~26%. We speculate that some of the remaining unexplained ‘anomalous’ load could be the result of a feedback between channel lateral instability (originally triggered by the valley‐spanning debris flows) and bluff erosion.
Functional connectome automatically differentiates multiple system atrophy (parkinsonian type) from idiopathic Parkinson's disease at early stages
Authors: Chen Boyu , Cui Wenzhuo , Wang Shanshan , Sun Anlan , Yu Hongmei , Liu Yu , He Jiachuan , Fan Guoguang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDifferentiating the parkinsonian variant of multiple system atrophy (MSA‐P) from idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) is challenging, especially in the early stages. This study aimed to investigate differences and similarities in the brain functional connectomes of IPD and MSA‐P patients and use machine learning methods to explore the diagnostic utility of these features. Resting‐state fMRI data were acquired from 88 healthy controls, 76 MSA‐P patients, and 53 IPD patients using a 3.0 T scanner. The whole‐brain functional connectome was constructed by thresholding the Pearson correlation matrices of 116 regions, and topological properties were evaluated through graph theory approaches. Connectome measurements were used as features in machine learning models (random forest [RF]/logistic regression [LR]/support vector machine) to distinguish IPD and MSA‐P patients. Regarding graph metrics, early IPD and MSA‐P patients shared network topological properties. Both patient groups showed functional connectivity disruptions within the cerebellum‐basal ganglia‐cortical network, but these disconnections were mainly in the cortico‐thalamo‐cerebellar circuits in MSA‐P patients and the basal ganglia‐thalamo‐cortical circuits in IPD patients. Among the connectome parameters, t tests combined with the RF method identified 15 features, from which the LR classifier achieved the best diagnostic performance on the validation set (accuracy = 92.31%, sensitivity = 90.91%, specificity = 93.33%, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.89). MSA‐P and IPD patients show similar whole‐brain network topological alterations. MSA‐P primarily affects cerebellar nodes, and IPD primarily affects basal ganglia nodes; both conditions disrupt the cerebellum‐basal ganglia‐cortical network. Moreover, functional connectome parameters showed outstanding value in the differential diagnosis of early MSA‐P and IPD.
Effect of regional intrinsic activity following two kinds of theta burst stimulation on precuneus
Authors: Xu Xin , Li Xue , Qi Xu , Jiang Xi , Xing Haoyang , Huang Xiaoqi , Gong Qiyong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTheta burst stimulation (TBS) has been widely used in the treatment of mental disorders, but the cerebral functional difference between intermittent TBS (iTBS) and continuous TBS (cTBS) after one single session of stimulation is not clear. Here we applied resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS‐FMRI) to evaluate the alterations in intrinsic brain activity after iTBS and cTBS in the precuneus. We recruited 32 healthy young adults and performed a single session each of iTBS and cTBS at a 1‐week interval. RS‐fMRI was collected at baseline before and immediately after the stimulation. Parameters for regional brain activity (ALFF/fALFF/ReHo) and functional connectivity (FC) with the stimulated site of the precuneus after iTBS and cTBS were calculated and compared between each stimulation using a paired t‐test. Correlation analysis among those parameters was calculated to explore whether changes in functional connectivity were associated with local spontaneous activity. After iTBS stimulation, fALFF increased in the bilateral precuneus, while fALFF decreased in the bilateral middle temporal gyrus. Reductions in precuneus FC were found in the bilateral cuneus, superior occipital gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus, and postcentral gyrus, which correlated with regional activity. After cTBS, fALFF decreased in the bilateral insula, and precuneus FC was decreased in the bilateral inferior occipital gyrus and increased in the thalamus. In the current study, we observed that one session of iTBS or cTBS could cause inhibitory effects in remote brain regions, but only iTBS caused significant local activation in the target region.
Spatial and temporal variation in forest transpiration across a forested boreal peatland complex
Authors: Perron Nia , Baltzer Jennifer L. , Sonnentag Oliver 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTranspiration is a globally important component of evapotranspiration. Careful upscaling of transpiration from point measurements is thus crucial for quantifying water and energy fluxes. In spatially heterogeneous landscapes common across the boreal biome, upscaled transpiration estimates are difficult to determine due to variation in local environmental conditions (e.g., basal area, soil moisture, permafrost). Here, we sought to determine stand‐level attributes that influence transpiration scalars for a forested boreal peatland complex consisting of sparsely treed wetlands and densely treed permafrost plateaus as land cover types. The objectives were to quantify spatial and temporal variability in stand‐level transpiration, and to identify sources of uncertainty when scaling point measurements to the stand‐level. Using heat ratio method sap flow sensors, we determined sap velocity for black spruce and tamarack for 2‐week periods during peak growing season in 2013, 2017 and 2018. We found greater basal area, drier soils, and the presence of permafrost increased daily sap velocity in individual trees, suggesting that local environmental conditions are important in dictating sap velocity. When sap velocity was scaled to stand‐level transpiration using gridded 20 × 20 m resolution data across the ~10 ha Scotty Creek ForestGEO plot, we observed significant differences in daily plot transpiration among years (0.17–0.30 mm), and across land cover types. Daily transpiration was lowest in grid‐cells with sparsely treed wetlands compared to grid‐cells with well‐drained and densely treed permafrost plateaus, where daily transpiration reached 0.80 mm, or 30% of the daily evapotranspiration. When transpiration scalars (i.e., sap velocity) were not specific to the different land cover types (i.e., permafrost plateaus and wetlands), scaled stand‐level transpiration was overestimated by 42%. To quantify the relative contribution of tree transpiration to ecosystem evapotranspiration, we recommend that sampling designs stratify across local environmental conditions to accurately represent variation associated with land cover types, especially with different hydrological functioning as encountered in rapidly thawing boreal peatland complexes.
Romantic attachment and cyber dating violence in adolescence: A dyadic approach
Authors: Laforte Stéphanie , Paradis Alison , Todorov Emily‐Helen , Cyr Chantal 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionLittle research has documented cyber dating violence (DV)—a type of teen DV with unique characteristics that has been associated with negative consequences. Attachment is central to understanding negative behaviors in the context of relationships and has been associated with other forms of DV in teens. This study used an actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) to examine how cyber‐DV victimization and perpetration (direct aggression and control) relate to attachment anxiety and avoidance.MethodsAn online questionnaire was completed by 126 adolescent couples (n = 252; mean age = 17.7) from Quebec, Canada.ResultsIn almost all couples (96%), at least one partner reported an incident of cyber‐control in the previous year, while cyber‐aggression was reported in 34% of couples. APIM results revealed that girls' and boys' victimization and perpetration of direct cyber‐aggression are associated similarly with both their own high levels of attachment anxiety and their partner's. Concerning cyber‐control, results show that boys' and girls' victimization is associated more with their partner's higher level of anxious attachment than their own. Girls' perpetration of cyber‐control is associated with both their own high levels of attachment anxiety and their partner's, while for boys' perpetration, their own high levels of anxious attachment were found to play a significantly greater role than their girlfriend's. No significant associations were found for the dimension of avoidant attachment for both cyber‐aggression and cyber‐control whether perpetration or victimization.ConclusionThese findings, which identify potential risk factors for victimization and perpetration of cyber‐DV, have implications for research, intervention, and prevention.
How pregnant women living with HIV and their male partners manage men's HIV self‐testing: qualitative analysis of an HIVST secondary distribution process in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Ware Norma C. , Wyatt Monique A. , Pisarski Emily E. , Kamusiime Brenda , Kasiita Vicent , Nalukwago Grace , Nalumansi Alisaati , Twesigye Collins , Boyer Jade , Nakyanzi Agnes , Naddunga Faith , Mujugira Andrew , Celum Connie L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionIncreased HIV testing by men in sub‐Saharan Africa is key to meeting UNAIDS 2025 testing targets. Secondary distribution of HIV self‐testing (HIVST) kits by pregnant women attending antenatal care to male partners has been shown to increase testing among African men. A detailed understanding of how women and male partners manage the distribution and use of HIVST and subsequent linkage to clinic‐based follow‐up can inform implementation and scale‐up efforts.MethodsWe use qualitative data from the Obumu Study, a randomized trial of secondary distribution of HIVST by pregnant women living with HIV to male partners in Kampala, Uganda, to unpack the HIVST delivery process. The protocol included a clinic visit by male partners to confirm HIVST results. Individual interviews eliciting data on experiences of delivering and using HIVST and of subsequent linkage to clinic‐based testing were conducted with a purposefully selected sample of 45 women and 45 male partner Obumu Study participants from November 2018 to March 2021. Interview data from 59 participants (29 women and 30 men) in the HIVST arm were analysed through coding and category construction.ResultsWomen living with HIV were apprehensive about delivering HIVST to their partners, especially if they had not disclosed their HIV status. They invested effort in developing strategies for introducing HIVST. Male partners described a range of responses to receiving the self‐testing kit, especially fear of a positive test result. Women reported leading the self‐testing process, often conducting the test themselves. Most women confidently interpreted HIVST results. However, they tended to defer to healthcare workers rather than report positive results directly to partners. Women told their partners the testing process required a clinic follow‐up visit, often without explaining the visit's purpose. Many partners delayed the visit as a result. Women again responded by strategizing to persuade their partners to link to follow‐up care.ConclusionsSecondary distribution of HIVST by pregnant women living with HIV to male partners can be challenging, especially when women have not disclosed their HIV status. Additional support may alleviate the burden; outreach to male partners may facilitate linkage to confirmatory testing and HIV care or prevention.
Methods for Brain Atrophy MR Quantification in Multiple Sclerosis: Application to the Multicenter INNI Dataset
Authors: Storelli Loredana , Pagani Elisabetta , Pantano Patrizia , Piervincenzi Claudia , Tedeschi Gioacchino , Gallo Antonio , De Stefano Nicola , Battaglini Marco , Rocca Maria A. , Filippi Massimo ,   for the INNI Network
Published: January 2023

BackgroundCurrent therapeutic strategies in multiple sclerosis (MS) target neurodegeneration. However, the integration of atrophy measures into the clinical scenario is still an unmet need.PurposeTo compare methods for whole‐brain and gray matter (GM) atrophy measurements using the Italian Neuroimaging Network Initiative (INNI) dataset.Study TypeRetrospective (data available from INNI).PopulationA total of 466 patients with relapsing–remitting MS (mean age = 37.3 ± 10 years, 323 women) and 279 healthy controls (HC; mean age = 38.2 ± 13 years, 164 women).Field Strength/SequenceA 3.0‐T, T1‐weighted (spin echo and gradient echo without gadolinium injection) and T2‐weighted spin echo scans at baseline and after 1 year (170 MS, 48 HC).AssessmentStructural Image Evaluation using Normalization of Atrophy (SIENA‐X/XL; version 5.0.9), Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM‐v12); and Jim‐v8 (Xinapse Systems, Colchester, UK) software were applied to all subjects.Statistical TestsIn MS and HC, we evaluated the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) among FSL‐SIENA(XL), SPM‐v12, and Jim‐v8 for cross‐sectional whole‐brain and GM tissue volumes and their longitudinal changes, the effect size according to the Cohen's d at baseline and the sample size requirement for whole‐brain and GM atrophy progression at different power levels (lowest = 0.7, 0.05 alpha level). False discovery rate (Benjamini–Hochberg procedure) correction was applied. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsSPM‐v12 and Jim‐v8 showed significant agreement for cross‐sectional whole‐brain (ICC = 0.93 for HC and ICC = 0.84 for MS) and GM volumes (ICC = 0.66 for HC and ICC = 0.90) and longitudinal assessment of GM atrophy (ICC = 0.35 for HC and ICC = 0.59 for MS), while no significant agreement was found in the comparisons between whole‐brain and GM volumes for SIENA‐X/XL and both SPM‐v12 (P = 0.19 and P = 0.29, respectively) and Jim‐v8 (P = 0.21 and P = 0.32, respectively). SPM‐v12 and Jim‐v8 showed the highest effect size for cross‐sectional GM atrophy (Cohen's d = −0.63 and −0.61). Jim‐v8 and SIENA(XL) showed the smallest sample size requirements for whole‐brain (58) and GM atrophy (152), at 0.7 power level.Data ConclusionThe findings obtained in this study should be considered when selecting the appropriate brain atrophy pipeline for MS studies.Evidence Level4.Technical EfficacyStage 1.
Impact of air pollutants on influenza‐like illness outpatient visits under COVID‐19 pandemic in the subcenter of Beijing, China
Authors: Lian Xin−Yao , Xi Lu , Zhang Zhong−Song , Yang Li−Li , Du Juan , Cui Yan , Li Hong−Jun , Zhang Wan−Xue , Wang Chao , Liu Bei , Yang Yan−Na , Cui Fuqiang , Lu Qing−Bin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the association between air pollutants and outpatient visits for influenza‐like illnesses (ILI) under the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) stage in the subcenter of Beijing. The data on ILI in the subcenter of Beijing from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020 were obtained from the Beijing Influenza Surveillance Network. A generalized additive Poisson model was applied to examine the associations between the concentrations of air pollutants and daily outpatient visits for ILI when controlling meteorological factors and temporal trend. A total of 171 943 ILI patients were included. In the pre‐coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) stage, an increased risk of ILI outpatient visits was associated to a high air quality index (AQI) and the high concentrations of particulate matter less than 2.5 (PM2.5), particulate matter 10 (PM10), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and carbon monoxide (CO), and a low concentration of ozone (O3) on lag0 day and lag1 day, while a higher increased risk of ILI outpatient visits was observed by the air pollutants in the COVID‐19 stage on lag0 day. Except for PM10, the concentrations of other air pollutants on lag1 day were not significantly associated with an increased risk of ILI outpatient visits during the COVID‐19 stage. The findings that air pollutants had enhanced immediate effects and diminished lag‐effects on the risk of ILI outpatient visits during the COVID‐19 pandemic, which is important for the development of public health and environmental governance strategies.