bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Modified Clinical Progression Scale for Pediatric Patients: Evaluation as a Severity Metric and Outcome Measure in Severe Acute Viral Respiratory Illness
Authors: Leland Shannon B. , Staffa Steven J. , Newhams Margaret M. , Khemani Robinder G. , Marshall John C. , Young Cameron C. , Maddux Aline B. , Hall Mark W. , Weiss Scott L. , Schwarz Adam J. , Coates Bria M. , Sanders Ronald C. , Kong Michele , Thomas Neal J. , Nofziger Ryan A. , Cullimore Melissa L. , Halasa Natasha B. , Loftis Laura L. , Cvijanovich Natalie Z. , Schuster Jennifer E. , Flori Heidi , Gertz Shira J. , Hume Janet R. , Olson Samantha M. , Patel Manish M. , Zurakowski David , Randolph Adrienne G. ,   on behalf of the Pediatric Acute Lung and Sepsis Investigator’s Network Pediatric Intensive Care Influenza Study Group (PALISI PICFLU) Investigators and Overcoming COVID-19 Investigators
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVES:
To develop, evaluate, and explore the use of a pediatric ordinal score as a potential clinical trial outcome metric in children hospitalized with acute hypoxic respiratory failure caused by viral respiratory infections.

DESIGN:
We modified the World Health Organization Clinical Progression Scale for pediatric patients (CPS-Ped) and assigned CPS-Ped at admission, days 2–4, 7, and 14. We identified predictors of clinical improvement (day 14 CPS-Ped ≤ 2 or a three-point decrease) using competing risks regression and compared clinical improvement to hospital length of stay (LOS) and ventilator-free days. We estimated sample sizes (80% power) to detect a 15% clinical improvement.

SETTING:
North American pediatric hospitals.

PATIENTS:
Three cohorts of pediatric patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure receiving intensive care: two influenza (pediatric intensive care influenza [PICFLU], n = 263, 31 sites; PICFLU vaccine effectiveness [PICFLU-VE], n = 143, 17 sites) and one COVID-19 (n = 237, 47 sites).

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Invasive mechanical ventilation rates were 71.4%, 32.9%, and 37.1% for PICFLU, PICFLU-VE, and COVID-19 with less than 5% mortality for all three cohorts. Maximum CPS-Ped (0 = home at respiratory baseline to 8 = death) was positively associated with hospital LOS (p < 0.001, all cohorts). Across the three cohorts, many patients’ CPS-Ped worsened after admission (39%, 18%, and 49%), with some patients progressing to invasive mechanical ventilation or death (19%, 11%, and 17%). Despite this, greater than 76% of patients across cohorts clinically improved by day 14. Estimated sample sizes per group using CPS-Ped to detect a percentage increase in clinical improvement were feasible (influenza 15%, n = 142; 10%, n = 225; COVID-19, 15% n = 208) compared with mortality (n > 21,000, all), and ventilator-free days (influenza 15%, n = 167).

CONCLUSIONS:
The CPS-Ped can be used to describe the time course of illness and threshold for clinical improvement in hospitalized children and adolescents with acute respiratory failure from viral infections. This outcome measure could feasibly be used in clinical trials to evaluate in-hospital recovery.
Pulmonary Hemorrhage in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Chopra Yogi , Alsabahi Amal , Schechter Tal , Mtaweh Haifa , Sweezey Neil , Balit Corinne , Ali Muhammad , Chiang Kuang-Yueh , Gassas Adam , Krueger Joerg 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) is a serious complication posthematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). In view of limited available pediatric data, we performed a retrospective study to describe epidemiology, management, and outcomes of PH post-HSCT in children in our national center.

DESIGN:
Retrospective study.

SETTING:
Academic children’s hospital (2000–2015).

Subjects:
Children (< 18 yr) with PH and requiring PICU care post-HSCT.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The historical prevalence of PH in our center was 2.7% (31/1,148). Twenty patients had a concomitant infection, 15 had bacterial infection, 8 had viral infection, and 3 patients had a fungal infection. With a median follow-up time of 60 months, 7 of 31 patients were alive. Early PH (< 40 d post-HSCT) was associated with improved survival (6/15 vs 1/16, p = 0.035). Patients who received high-dose pulsed corticosteroid had improved survival when compared with those who did not (7/22 vs 0/9, p = 0.0012); this also applied to the subgroup of patients with a concomitant infection (5/15 vs 0, p = 0.001). None of the patients who survived had measurable respiratory sequelae.

CONCLUSIONS:
PH is a rare but serious complication after HSCT. Corticosteroids were associated with improved survival even in patients with a concomitant infection.
Defining A Framework and Evaluation Metrics for Sustainable Global Surgical Partnerships
Authors: Binda Catherine J. , Adams Jayd , Livergant Rachel , Lam Sheila , Panchendrabose Kapilan , Joharifard Shahrzad , Haji Faizal , Joos Emilie 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
To use expert consensus to build a concrete and realistic framework and checklist to evaluate sustainability in Global Surgery Partnerships (GSPs).

Summary Background Data:
Partnerships between high- and low-resourced settings are often created to address the burden of unmet surgical need. Reflecting on the negative, unintended consequences of asymmetrical partnerships, global surgery community members have proposed frameworks and best practices to promote sustainable engagement between partners, though these frameworks lack consensus. This project proposes a cohesive, consensus-driven framework with accompanying evaluation metrics to guide sustainability in GSPs.

Methods:
A modified Delphi technique with purposive sampling was used to build consensus on the definitions and associated evaluation metrics of previously proposed pillars (Stakeholder Engagement, Multidisciplinary Collaboration, Context-Relevant Education and Training, Bilateral Authorship, Multisource Funding, Outcome Measurement) of sustainable GSPs.

Results:
Fifty global surgery experts from 34 countries with a median of 9.5 years of experience in the field of global surgery participated in three Delphi rounds. Consensus was achieved on the identity, definitions, and a 47-item checklist for the evaluation of the six pillars of sustainability in GSPs. 29% of items achieved consensus in the first round, whereas 100% achieved consensus in the second and third rounds.

Conclusion:
We present the first framework for building sustainable GSPs using the input of experts from all World Health Organization regions. We hope this tool will help the global surgery community to find non-colonial solutions to addressing the gap in access to quality surgical care in low-resource settings.
FiTMuSiC: Leveraging structural and (co)evolutionary data for protein fitness prediction
Authors: Tsishyn Matsvei , Cia Gabriel , Hermans Pauline , Kwasigroch Jean , Rooman Marianne , Pucci Fabrizio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSystematically predicting the effects of mutations on protein fitness is essential for the understanding of genetic diseases. Indeed, predictions complement experimental efforts in analyzing how variants lead to dysfunctional proteins that in turn can cause diseases. Here we present our new fitness predictor, FiTMuSiC, which leverages structural, evolutionary and coevolutionary information. We show that FiTMuSiC predicts fitness with high accuracy despite the simplicity of its underlying model: it was one of the top predictors on the hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) target of the sixth round of the Critical Assessment of Genome Interpretation challenge (CAGI6). To further demonstrate FiTMuSiC’s robustness, we compared its predictions within vitroactivity data on HMBS, variant fitness data on human glucokinase (GCK), and variant deleteriousness data on HMBS and GCK. These analyses further confirm FiTMuSiC’s qualities and accuracy, which compare favorably with those of other predictors. Additionally, FiTMuSiC returns two scores that separately describe the functional and structural effects of the variant, thus providing mechanistic insight into why the variant leads to fitness loss or gain. We also provide an easy-to-use webserver athttp://babylone.ulb.ac.be/FiTMuSiC/, which is freely available for academic use and does not require any bioinformatics expertise, which simplifies the accessibility of our tool for the entire scientific community.
Optogenetic control of lysosome function
Authors: Ilyinsky Nikolay S. , Bukhalovich Sergey M. , Bagaeva Diana F. , Alekseev Alexey A. , Nesterov Semen V. , Tsybrov Fedor M. , Bogorodskiy Andrey O. , Nazarova Sofia F. , Alekhin Vadim A. , Moiseeva Olga V. , Vlasova Anastasiya D. , Kovalev Kirill V. , Mikhailov Anatoliy E. , Rogachev Andrey V. , Bamberg Ernst , Borshchevskiy Valentin I. , Gordeliy Valentin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLysosome protective, metabolic, signaling functions are highly dependent on their pH. A lack of tools of high spatial and temporal resolution for pH control is a bottleneck of lysosome related cell research. Light-driven inward proton pumpNsXeR, targeted to the lysosomes of mammalian cells, produces lysosome alkalization simply by light. Complementary use of outward proton pumping Arch3 rhodopsins in lysosomes offers an approach to vary pH in a range from around 5 to 6.5 in both directions (de-acidification and acidification). Lyso-NsXeR optogenetics efficiency was demonstrated, in particular, by its ability to inhibit lysosome proteolytic enzymes. Thus, optogenetic monitoring and regulation of the lysosome function, through pH control over a wide range, could serve as an approach to studying fundamental cell processes, and rational drug design.
Liquid–liquid phase separation of α-synuclein is highly sensitive to sequence complexity
Authors: Mahapatra Anindita , Newberry Robert W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Parkinson’s-associated protein α-synuclein (α-syn) can undergo liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), which typically leads to the formation of amyloid fibrils. The coincidence of LLPS and amyloid formation has complicated the identification of the molecular determinants unique to LLPS of α-syn. Moreover, the lack of strategies to selectively perturb LLPS makes it difficult to dissect the biological roles specific to α-syn LLPS, independent of fibrillation. Herein, using a combination of subtle missense mutations, we show that LLPS of α-syn is highly sensitive to its sequence complexity. In fact, we find that even a highly conservative mutation (V16I) that increases sequence complexity without perturbing physicochemical and structural properties, is sufficient to reduce LLPS by 75%; this effect can be reversed by an adjacent V-to-I mutation (V15I) that restores the original sequence complexity. A18T, a complexity-enhancing PD-associated mutation, was likewise found to reduce LLPS, implicating sequence complexity in α-syn pathogenicity. Furthermore, leveraging the differences in LLPS propensities among different α-syn variants, we demonstrate that fibrillation of α-syn does not necessarily correlate with its LLPS. In fact, we identify mutations that selectively perturb LLPSorfibrillation of α-syn, unlike previously studied mutations. The variants and design principles reported herein should therefore empower future studies to disentangle these two phenomena and distinguish their (patho)biological roles.
Corporate governance and the choice between bank debt and public debt
Authors: Ahmed Irfan , Mehmood Owais , Ghafoor Zeshan , Jamil Syed Hassan , Majeed Afkar 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
This study aims to examine the impact of board characteristics on debt choice.

Design/methodology/approach
The sample comprises of unique nonfinancial firms listed in the FTSE 350 over the period 2011–2018. This study uses Tobit and OLS regressions to check the impact of board characteristics on debt choice. The results are robust to the battery of robust checks.

Findings
This study finds that board size and board independence are positively associated with public debt. However, CEO duality and board meetings frequency are inversely associated with public debt. Overall, the findings are consistent with the “financial intermediation theory” that the firms with weak governance rely on bank financing, and firms with better corporate governance go for public debt.

Research limitations/implications
This study offers significant insights for investors and policymakers.

Originality/value
This study offers new insights regarding the role of board characteristics in firms’ debt choice by showing the significant impact of board characteristics on debt choice. The findings indicate that the board’s efficient internal monitoring may substitute external monitoring by the bank.
Study on the functional relationship between pressure and displacement with time for waist of elastic legwear using FEM
Authors: Dan Rui , Zheng Yujie , Liu ZhiQin , Shi Zhen 
Published: August 2023

PurposeThe inward displacement perpendicular to the body surface produced by compression garment is an important index to evaluate pressure comfort and optimal design of tight clothing products. The purpose of this study is to explore the pressure distribution state at waist position of elastic legwear and then to solve the common problem of excessive pressure or easy slippage for waist of elastic legwear.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors obtained the waist cross-section model of human body using CT scanning and mimics modeling and then simulated the pressure and displacement distribution after wearing sample four elastic legwear using finite element method. The dressing process of elastic legwear was divided into six periods (instantaneous, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 h) in this study, and the finite element software ANSYS was used to simulate the displacement and deformation of the waist cross section. The authors finally obtained the functional relationship between pressure/displacement ratio and angle using curve fitting.FindingsIn this paper, the authors obtained the functional relationship between pressure/displacement ratio and angle using curve fitting. Comparison found that the “pressure/displacement–angle” function curve showed an almost consistent trend at any time. That was to say, when the human body was in the state of clothing pressure, the corresponding displacement value of the human body can be calculated by the curve equation under the premise of known pressure value.Originality/valueThis study solves the difficult problem which hard to measure displacement values by conventional methods due to the small deformation of the human body after dressing the compression garment. Conclusions also provide a theoretical reference for evaluating pressure comfort and optimizing clothing structure for the elastic legwear, and this method is also applicable to other types of compression garment.
Ethical leadership and interpersonal citizenship behavior in the public sector
Authors: Nguyen Long Le Hoang 
Published: August 2023

PurposeThis study aims to examine the impact of ethical leadership on the extra-role behavior toward individuals of employees in the public sector. In addition, the study examines the mediating roles of supervisor-subordinate guanxi and public service motivation.Design/methodology/approachResearch data were collected from 222 public servants in local government, Vietnam. Study using partial least square SEM (PLS-SEM) method performed by SmartPLS 3.2.9.FindingsEthical leadership has a direct impact on OCBI. In turn, supervisor-subordinate guanxi holds mediating role in linking the relationship between ethical leadership and OCBI. Public service motivation mediates nexuses between ethical leadership, supervisor-subordinate guanxi and OCBI.Research limitations/implicationsTo encourage public servants to engage in interpersonal citizenship behaviors, leaders must focus on fostering an ethical climate in the workplace by acting as an ethical model and encouraging ethical standards in daily work.Originality/valueThe study provides new insights on the mediating role of public service motivation, guanxi from the perspective of the leader's ethical aspect.
The service sector in the classical world: focus on entertainment and well-being
Authors: Bröchner Jan 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
Predicting effects of artificial intelligence on service occupations can be supported by a long historical perspective. Historical databases and archaeology help reconstructing the service sector in ancient societies. Here, the purpose of this paper is to analyse occupational specialization within services in cities of ancient Greece and the Roman Empire, as well as how the service sector is reflected in architectural remains, to identify differences and similarities with today’s Europe.

Design/methodology/approach
Occupational titles are traced in epigraphical and literary sources, sorted according to ISCO-08. Secondary sources are used for the architectural evidence of service activities, as well as for the role of contests and entertainment in antiquity.

Findings
Compared to current European service employment, professionals were fewer in classical Athens and imperial Rome, which had a greater proportion of specialized salespersons. There were few office buildings and no civic hospitals, but heavy investment in facilities for entertainment and well-being. Quality assessments for goods were little developed; contests for cultural and sports activities assessed entertainment service quality.

Research limitations/implications
This study covers two periods in classical antiquity and is restricted to Mediterranean cultures, although findings may help understanding the service sector in poor countries with informal employment.

Originality/value
While particular services provided in ancient cities have been studied, there has been no broad comparative overview of their service occupations. Services in earlier societies with primitive information and communication technologies can provide clues for current developments.
Historic development of policies and regulations concerning residential heritage in the Old City of Aleppo
Authors: Kousa Christine , Lubelli Barbara , Pottgiesser Uta 
Published: August 2023

PurposeHousing interventions carried out in accordance with current regulations in the Old City of Aleppo, both before and after the Syrian war, are minor in comparison to those carried out without a license and illegally. This suggests current policies are inadequate and needs upgrading.Design/methodology/approachThis article critically reviews current Syrian policies and their implementation on residential heritage in the Old City of Aleppo with the aim to identify gaps and propose directions for modifications. Next to a review of the text of official policies and implementation documents, the archive of the Directorate of the Old City has been consulted and license applications, presented in the period 2018–2022, have been examined. Moreover, interviews with decision-makers from academics and practice were conducted.FindingsMajor limitations of these policies and relative application procedures have been identified: these involve: legal/administrative, economic and social aspects.Originality/valueThe specific needs have been highlighted and some proposals for improvement made.
Asymmetric effect of renewable and non-renewable energy consumptions on corporate cash holdings: new panel data evidence from BRICS economies
Authors: Farooq Umar , Yang Yi , Xie Henglang 
Published: August 2023

PurposeIn the recent wake of environmental sustainability, more attention has been paid to the consumption of specific energy types. However, how the consumption of such energy alternatives influences multiple corporate-level decisions has not yet been well explored in the literature. The current analysis bridges this deficiency in literature by exploring the empirical relationship between energy alternatives and cash holdings.Design/methodology/approachFor empirical analysis, the authors sample the non-financial sector enterprises founded in five BRICS economies and employ the system GMM and fully modified ordinary least square techniques to establish the regression. The selection of econometric techniques is subject to the existence of endogeneity and cointegration.FindingsThe estimated coefficients reveal a significant negative effect of renewable energy (REC) while a significant positive impact of non-renewable energy consumption (FFE) on cash holdings. Referring to low pollution emissions, less operational risk and a cheap source of energy, the more consumption of renewable energy reduces the motives of cash holdings. Primarily, the current analysis advocates an important policy regarding the utilization of renewable energy as industrial fuel inputs because it has a material impact on cash holdings and also ensures environmental sustainability.Practical implicationsThis study has equal policy outputs for industry officials, policy regulators and environmental economists. Corporate managers should do more focus on transforming the energy needs from non-renewable to renewable as such transformation can benefit in terms of both, i.e. environmental sustainability and low cash holdings.Originality/valueContemporary literature mainly highlights the determinants of energy consumption. However, it is less known how the consumption of specific energy sources affects the firm's cash-holding decisions. Thus, this study enriches both energy economics and financial economics literature by offering cutting-edge evidence on the sustainable role of REC in declining cash holdings.
Business sustainability reporting and assurance and sustainable development goals
Authors: Rezaee Zabihollah , Homayoun Saeid , Rezaee Nick J. , Poursoleyman Ehsan 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the association between sustainable development goals (SDGs) at the micro level and firms’ inclination to sustainability reporting and assurance (SRA).

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use global data from 44 countries in the 2016–2021 period and perform the probit and logistic models in testing the hypotheses.

Findings
The results show that socially responsible firms adopting SDGs are more likely to issue sustainability reports and obtain assurance statements. The authors find that the link between firms’ compliance with SDGs and SRA is stronger for firms domiciled in stakeholder-oriented countries.

Originality/value
SRA issues are gaining the attention of regulators, investors, businesses and academics worldwide. Results pertaining to the relationship between SDGs and SRA are robust to alternative measures and several sensitivity tests and, thus, provide policy, practice and research implications.