bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The emerging role of extracellular vesicles in the testis
Authors: Ma Yi , Ma Qin-Wen , Sun Yun , Chen Xiang-Feng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized membrane-bounded particles, released by all cells and capable of transporting bioactive cargoes, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, to regulate a variety of biological functions. Seminal plasma is enriched in EVs, and extensive evidence has revealed the role of EVs (e.g. prostasomes and epididymosomes) in the male genital tract. Recently, EVs released from testicular cells have been isolated and identified, and some new insights have been generated on their role in maintaining normal spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in the testis. In the seminiferous tubules, Sertoli cell-derived EVs can promote the differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), and EVs secreted from undifferentiated A spermatogonia can inhibit the proliferation of SSCs. In the testicular interstitium, EVs have been identified in endothelial cells, macrophages, telocytes, and Leydig cells, although their roles are still elusive. Testicular EVs can also pass through the blood–testis barrier and mediate inter-compartment communication between the seminiferous tubules and the interstitium. Immature Sertoli cell-derived EVs can promote survival and suppress the steroidogenesis of Leydig cells. Exosomes isolated from macrophages can protect spermatogonia from radiation-induced injury. In addition to their role in intercellular communication, testicular EVs may also participate in the removal of aberrant proteins and the delivery of antigens for immune tolerance. EVs released from testicular cells can be detected in seminal plasma, which makes them potential biomarkers reflecting testicular function and disease status. The testicular EVs in seminal plasma may also affect the female reproductive tract to facilitate conception and may even affect early embryogenesis through modulating sperm RNA. EVs represent a new type of intercellular messenger in the testis. A detailed understanding of the role of testicular EV may contribute to the discovery of new mechanisms causing male infertility and enable the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of infertile men.
Distinct Situational Cue Processing in Individuals with Kleptomania: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Asaoka Yui , Won Moojun , Morita Tomonari , Ishikawa Emi , Goto Yukiori 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Impulse control disorder has been suggested to meet the criteria of addiction and is often considered a behavioral addiction; however, few studies have examined whether the disorder involves altered responses to situational cues that are associated with symptoms. In this study, we examined behavioral and neural responses to situational cues among individuals with an impulse control disorder: kleptomania.

Methods
Healthy adults and kleptomania patients whose symptoms were characterized by repetitive, uncontrolled shoplifting of sales goods in stores were recruited. Images with and without situational cues (e.g., a grocery store) were presented, and gazing patterns for the images were detected with the eye-tracker. Additionally, prefrontal cortical (PFC) responses were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. PFC activities were further examined while participants were watching video clips in virtual reality with and without situational cues.

Results
Among kleptomania patients, the gazing pattern for an image with situational cues was distinct from gazing patterns for other images; such differences were not observed in healthy individuals. Consistent with gazing patterns, PFC local network responses by hemoglobin changes to images and videos with situational cues were substantially different from other images and videos in kleptomania patients, whereas PFC responses were consistent across all image and video presentations in healthy individuals.

Conclusions
These results suggest that kleptomania patients may perceive situational cues associated with their problematic behaviors differently from healthy individuals.
Error bound and exact penalty method for optimization problems with nonnegative orthogonal constraint
Authors: Qian Yitian , Pan Shaohua , Xiao Lianghai 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper is concerned with a class of optimization problems with the non-negative orthogonal constraint, in which the objective function is $L$-smooth on an open set containing the Stiefel manifold $\textrm {St}(n,r)$. We derive a locally Lipschitzian error bound for the feasible points without zero rows when $n&gt;r&gt;1$, and when $n&gt;r=1$ or $n=r$ achieve a global Lipschitzian error bound. Then, we show that the penalty problem induced by the elementwise $\ell _1$-norm distance to the non-negative cone is a global exact penalty, and so is the one induced by its Moreau envelope under a lower second-order calmness of the objective function. A practical penalty algorithm is developed by solving approximately a series of smooth penalty problems with a retraction-based nonmonotone line-search proximal gradient method, and any cluster point of the generated sequence is shown to be a stationary point of the original problem. Numerical comparisons with the ALM [Wen, Z. W. & Yin, W. T. (2013, A feasible method for optimization with orthogonality constraints. Math. Programming, 142, 397–434),] and the exact penalty method [Jiang, B., Meng, X., Wen, Z. W. & Chen, X. J. (2022, An exact penalty approach for optimization with nonnegative orthogonality constraints. Math. Programming. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10107-022-01794-8)] indicate that our penalty method has an advantage in terms of the quality of solutions despite taking a little more time.
Exposure to Violence as Explanatory Variable: Meaning, Measurement, and Theoretical Implications of Different Indicators
Authors: Yaylacı Şule , Price Christopher G 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The study of intra-state violence has been a main focus of scholars since the end of the Cold War, and in recent years particular attention has been paid to the consequences of civil wars on future political, social, and economic development. Yet, understanding the consequences of political violence requires a clear working definition of what we mean when we say that someone was “exposed to” or was “a victim of” violence. Researchers use disparate measures ranging from living in a country that is categorized as a civil war case, despite living hundreds of miles away from areas of conflict, to being displaced and losing most of one’s family members in attacks. In this essay, we offer conceptual clarification for various forms of victimization and indirect forms of exposure, present examples of works using these different measurement strategies, and examine how different measures affect findings using a sample of articles. We conclude with recommendations about indicators researchers can choose from and suggest that future research should probe further into the use of subjective measures of exposure.
Ecology, Impacts, and Management of Common Late-season Defoliators of Southern Hardwoods
Authors: Oten Kelly L F , Jetton Robert M , Coyle David R 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Late-season lepidopteran defoliators in the genera Anisota, Dryocampa, Datana, and Lochmaeus are usually considered minor pests which primarily cause aesthetic damage on hardwood trees in managed and natural areas. While foliage loss late in the season does not typically impact tree health, severe defoliation can occur on individual branches or entire trees, causing great concern to homeowners and land managers. We review the distribution, biology, damage, and management of several native late-season hardwood defoliators in the southeastern United States, including oakworms, mapleworms, yellownecked caterpillars, and variable oakleaf caterpillars. Affected hardwood trees typically leaf out the following spring even after severe defoliation. While management is seldom recommended due to timing or amount of damage, it may be warranted in certain situations. We provide management recommendations for these late-season defoliators, including chemical and nonchemical options for homeowners and land managers.
Growth of Acinetobacter baumannii impacted by iron chelation
Authors: Eales Brianna M , Bai Bing , Merlau Paul R , Tam Vincent H 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) has become multidrug-resistant (MDR) in recent years, and, currently, there are limited effective treatment options. Nutrient metals (e.g. iron) are essential to the metabolic functions of AB. This study examined the impact of iron chelation on the growth of AB in vitro and in vivo. Susceptible and MDR-AB bloodstream isolates (n = 9) were recovered from different patients between 2011 and 2018. Clonal diversity was ascertained by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. In vitro bacterial densities were measured over 20 h to determine growth profiles. Variable amounts of a chelating agent [deferiprone (DFP)] were added to create a concentration gradient. Galleria mellonella larvae were inoculated with an isolate, with and without DFP. Quantitative culture was used to ascertain the bacterial burden of aggregate larvae immediately and 4 h post-infection. Increasing concentrations of DFP caused a transient and concentration-dependent hindrance to in vitro growth, compared to the no-treatment group. In vivo bacterial burden immediately post-infection in both groups was comparable. After 4 h, the burden was much higher in the control group comparatively (8.7 and 6.7 log CFU g−1). These results support that micro-nutrient limitation has the potential of being a novel approach for treating high-risk infections due to MDR-AB.
Ultradense dark matter haloes accompany primordial black holes
Authors: Delos M Sten , Silk Joseph 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Primordial black holes (PBHs) form from large-amplitude initial density fluctuations and may comprise some or all of the dark matter. If PBHs have a broadly extended mass spectrum, or in mixed PBH-particle dark matter scenarios, the extreme density fluctuations necessary to produce PBHs also lead to the formation of a much greater abundance of dark matter minihaloes that form during the radiation epoch with internal densities potentially of the order of 1012 M⊙ pc−3. We develop an analytical description of the formation of these ultradense haloes and use it to quantitatively compare PBH and halo distributions. PBHs that contribute only a per cent level fraction of the dark matter are accompanied by ultradense haloes that nevertheless comprise an order–unity fraction. These haloes would consist of either particle dark matter or much smaller PBHs. This finding significantly alters the predictions of many PBH scenarios, enabling a variety of new observational tests.
Association of sleep behaviors with white matter hyperintensities and microstructural injury: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of 26 354 participants
Authors: Ning Jing , Zhang Wei , Chen Shu-Fen , Li Hong-Qi , Wang Rong-Ze , Feng Jianfeng , Cheng Wei , Dong Qiang , Yu Jin-Tai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStudy ObjectivesThis study assessed the associations between sleep behaviors with white matter macro and microstructure.MethodsA total of 26 354 participants in the UK Biobank (mean [standard deviation], age, 63.7 [7.5] years, 53.4% female) were included in this study. A healthy sleep score integrated sleep behaviors including chronotype, insomnia, sleep duration, daytime sleepiness, and snoring. Linear and nonlinear relationships were calculated between individual and aggregate sleep behaviors with white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and microstructural injury.ResultsA “U-shaped” relationship was revealed between sleep duration and WMH, and the lowest WMH was at 7.7 h per night. Four unhealthy sleep behaviors including late chronotype, sleep duration (&gt;8 h or &lt;7 h), excessive daytime sleepiness, and snoring significantly increased WMH impacts. Lower healthy sleep score was linked with increased WMH impacts (β = 0.164, 95% CI = 0.110–0.218), and worse microstructure in association and thalamic white matter tracts. Increased body mass index, glycated hemoglobin A1c, and systolic blood pressure were potential mediators of the relationships between unhealthy sleep behaviors and increased WMH. However, higher BMI and low-density lipoprotein were revealed as protective mediators between snoring and improved white matter integrity including lower MD and higher ICVF.ConclusionsUnhealthy sleep behaviors were associated with increased WMH impacts and worse white matter microstructure in specific tracts across middle and older age. These findings provide the potential to improve white matter integrity by reversing unhealthy sleep behaviors.
Abortion Rights Attitudes in Europe: Pro-Choice, Pro-Life, or Pro-Nation?
Authors: Brysk Alison , Yang Rujun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Despite modernization in women’s public roles, reproductive rights attitudes and policies are becoming more restrictive in some societies. While existing literature depicts abortion opinion as a clash of feminist pro-choice vs. religious pro-life frames, feminist analysis suggests that nationalism may influence reproductive attitudes. Yet no cross-national research has empirically examined the relationship between ethnonationalist sentiments and abortion attitudes. We use the 2017 European Values Survey to analyze how ethnonationalist attitudes are associated with abortion approval in thirty European countries. We find that strong ethnonational identity and distrust of foreigners are positively correlated with individuals’ disapproval of abortion. Counterintuitively, this association between abortion attitudes and ethnonationalism is stronger among less religious and more liberal individuals—and in more “modernized” European countries. Our findings contribute a new factor to the cross-national abortion opinion literature and an empirical demonstration of feminist theory with relevance for reproductive rights.
Associations between Solitary Confinement and Psychosis Symptoms in the Postrelease Community Setting
Authors: Moore John Randolph , Eikenberry Jacob , Fedina Lisa , DeVylder Jordan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSome evidence suggests that the practice of solitary confinement in incarceration settings is linked to poor mental health outcomes; however, prior research has not yet examined associations between experiences of solitary confinement and psychosis symptoms. To address this gap, authors conducted a cross-sectional survey of 201 formerly incarcerated men and women in the United States to examine the relationship between solitary confinement and psychosis symptoms in the postrelease community setting. Results indicated that solitary confinement was significantly associated with higher levels of current psychosis symptoms after controlling for demographic factors and clinical characteristics. These findings highlight the need for short-term and long-term community-based mental health interventions and prevention efforts in the postrelease community setting. Social workers and practitioners in community mental health settings should be cognizant of patients’ histories with solitary confinement and consider how these experiences may present risks to current mental health symptoms (i.e., early onset psychosis). Future studies are needed on protective mechanisms that may buffer the effects of prior solitary confinement on psychosis.
Salidroside protect Chinese hamster V79 cells from genotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by CL-20
Authors: Li Cunzhi , Deng Hui , Liu Zhiyong , Lv Xiaoqiang , Gao Wenzhi , Gao Yongchao , Gao Junhong , Hu Lifang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) is a high-energy elemental explosive widely used in chemical and military fields. CL-20 harms environmental fate, biosafety, and occupational health. However, there is little known about the genotoxicity of CL-20, in particular its molecular mechanisms. Therefore, this study was framed to investigate the genotoxic mechanisms of CL-20 in V79 cells and evaluate whether the genotoxicity could be diminished by pretreating the cells with salidroside. The results showed that CL-20-induced genotoxicity in V79 cells primarily through oxidative damage to DNA and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation. Salidroside could significantly reduce the inhibitory effect of CL-20 on the growth of V79 cells and reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Salidroside also restored CL-20-induced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in V79 cells. As a result, salidroside attenuated the DNA damage and mutations induced by CL-20. In conclusion, oxidative stress may be involved in CL-20-induced genotoxicity in V79 cells. Salidroside could protect V79 cells from oxidative damage induced by CL-20, mechanism of which may be related to scavenging intracellular ROS and increasing the expression of proteins that can promote the activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes. The present study for the mechanisms and protection of CL-20-mediated genotoxicity will help further to understand the toxic effects of CL-20 and provide information on the therapeutic effect of salidroside in CL-20-induced genotoxicity.
Traumatic brain injury and RSI is rocuronium or succinylcholine preferred?
Authors: Dao Anthony Q. , Mohapatra Shweta , Kuza Catherine , Moon Tiffany S. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
Traumatic brain injury is widespread and has significant morbidity and mortality. Patients with severe traumatic brain injury often necessitate intubation. The paralytic for rapid sequence induction and intubation for the patient with traumatic brain injury has not been standardized.

Recent findings
Rapid sequence induction is the standard of care for patients with traumatic brain injury. Historically, succinylcholine has been the agent of choice due to its fast onset and short duration of action, but it has numerous adverse effects such as increased intracranial pressure and hyperkalemia. Rocuronium, when dosed appropriately, provides neuromuscular blockade as quickly and effectively as succinylcholine but was previously avoided due to its prolonged duration of action which precluded neurologic examination. However, with the widespread availability of sugammadex, rocuronium is able to be reversed in a timely manner.

Summary
In patients with traumatic brain injury necessitating intubation, rocuronium appears to be safer than succinylcholine.
Tibial Bone Transport With a Single Implant All-Internal Bone Transport Nail
Authors: Blair James A. , Puneky George A. , Swaminathan Nagaraj , Klahs Kyle J. , Davis Jana M. 
Published: February 2023

Summary:
A single implant all-internal magnet-driven bone transport nail (BTN—NuVasive Specialized Orthopaedics Inc) has recently been introduced as a treatment method for segmental tibial bone defects. This innovation provides promise in the management of segmental bone defects because it negates numerous complications associated with circular external fixation and the need for multiple implants when considering hybrid plate-assisted bone segment transport constructs. Given the novelty of the BTN, description of the surgical application and patient outcome measures are scarce in the current literature. To date, we have treated 4 patients with an average age of 27 years (range 19–44 years) using the BTN for segmental tibial defects ranging from 50 to 128 mm. We have accumulated data over an average follow-up of 18.07 months (range 12.96–25.13 months), demonstrating good patient tolerance of the device. Three patients successfully completed their treatment course with a calculated average bone healing index of 41.4 days/cm (range 31.41–54.82 days/cm). One patient was noted to experience an asymptomatic docking site nonunion requiring subsequent surgery for nonunion repair. Implant-associated complications included symptomatic implant, axial malalignment, docking site nonunion, and external remote control technical malfunction. Injury-related complications were encountered and noted to include: superficial infection, wound dehiscence, peroneal tendonitis, and joint rigidity. In this study, the authors present a case series using this implant to date and discuss our experiences with the BTN with reference to clinical indications, tibial bone preparation, BTN implantation, transport protocol, docking site procedure, and clinical/radiographic outcomes.
Autologous Bone Graft From the Ipsilateral Distal Femur in Tibial Condyle Fractures
Authors: Rönnerfalk Mattias , Velin Lotta , Palm Lars , Meunier Andreas , Schilcher Jörg 
Published: February 2023

Summary:
Fractures of the proximal tibia often require void filling to support articular fragments in combination with internal fixation. The most common techniques are iliac autograft, allograft, or synthetic bone graft substitutes.
The distal femur and its large volume condyles are a source of cancellous bone graft within the surgical site of an open reduction and internal fixation procedure. We have used a minimally invasive technique to harvest bone graft from the distal femur, using a bone graft drill. We performed this investigation to determine whether our technique of using distal femoral autograft to fill bone voids when treating proximal tibial fractures with open reduction and internal fixation is effective and safe. We also sought to determine the degree to which the bone graft incorporates into the tibia during fracture healing, the degree to which the harvest site heals, and the degree of secondary joint line depression.
In all 12 patients, the bone graft had sufficient volume to fill the subchondral void in the proximal tibia, all fractures had healed at follow-up, and fracture reduction was maintained in most cases. We found no pain at the harvest site during follow-up, and there were no signs of drill penetration in articular or cortical structures. Drill holes at the harvest site showed sparse amounts of newly formed bone on CT in most of its circumference in all patients.
There were no pathological changes in the femoral condyles with relation to the bone grafting procedure, and 5 patients showed radiographic signs of osteoarthritis in one or more joint compartments of the knee. The results showed this technique to provide similar success as reported alternatives without major complications and we continue to use this technique of harvesting distal femoral autograft to supplement open reduction and internal fixation of selected proximal tibial fractures.
Management of Obturator Vessel Hemorrhage by Pubic Ramus Osteotomy During Acetabular Fixation—A Technical Trick
Authors: Seeker Luke C. , Bartlett Craig S. 
Published: February 2023

Summary:
It is known that hemorrhage from pelvic ring and acetabular fractures can cause hemodynamic instability. Methods to improve visualization and thus management of bleeding vessels are not commonly described. This report highlights techniques to manage hemorrhage from a retracted obturator vein during the definitive fixation of a complex acetabular fracture. After uncomplicated modified Stoppa anterior intrapelvic approach, abrupt and profuse bleeding was encountered from the distal end of a lacerated obturator vein, which had retracted into the obturator foramen. With unsuccessful attempts to achieve hemostasis, a superior pubic osteotomy was performed which allowed excellent visualization of the bleeding vein and ligation. It must be emphasized that the surgeon attempted all these other measures before performing an osteotomy. This technical trick contributes to the overall knowledge as a means of achieving emergent hemostasis associated with distal obturator vessel hemorrhage, a well described risk in complex acetabular fractures.