bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaf water δ18O, δ2H and d‐excess isoscapes for Australia using region‐specific plant parameters and non‐equilibrium vapour
Authors: McInerney Francesca A. , Gerber Christoph , Dangerfield Emma , Cernusak Lucas A. , Puccini Athina , Szarvas Steve , Singh Tanoj , Welti Nina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δ2H) isotope ratios, and their relationship to one another (d‐excess) are altered as water travels from the atmosphere to the land surface, into soils and plants and back to the atmosphere. Plants return water to the atmosphere through transpiration (evaporation through the stomata), which causes isotopic fractionation concentrating the heavier isotopes (18O and 2H) in the water that remains behind in the leaves. The degree of isotopic fractionation during transpiration is controlled largely by climate, and as a result can be predicted using process‐based models and climate data. The modelled transpirational isotopic fractionation can be applied to plant source water isotopic values to predict leaf water isotope ratios and generate maps of isotopic composition, or isoscapes. This approach of mechanistic modelling has been well demonstrated in the first generation of global leaf water isoscapes (PLoS One, 3(6), e2447, 2008). However, use of leaf water isoscapes in fields such as hydrology, ecology, and forensics requires a new generation of updated region‐specific isoscapes. Here, we generate leaf water isoscapes of δ18O, δ2H and d‐excess for Australia, the driest vegetated continent on Earth, where leaf water represents a critical water resource for ecosystems. These isoscapes represent an improvement over previous global isoscapes due to their higher resolution, region‐specific, empirically derived plant parameters, and non‐equilibrium corrections for water vapour isotopic composition. The new isoscapes for leaf water are evaluated relative to observed isotope ratios of leaf cellulose and cherry juice. The model predictions for annual average leaf water isotope ratios showed strong correlations with these plant tissues that integrate over time. Moreover, inclusion of region‐specific leaf temperature estimates and non‐equilibirum vapour corrections improved prediction accuracy. Regionally based isoscapes provide improved characterisations of average leaf water isotope ratios needed to support research in hydrology, plant ecophysiology, atmospheric science, ecology, and geographic provenancing of biological materials.
GR‐Net: Gated axial attention ResNest network for polyp segmentation
Authors: Jiang Shen , Li Jinjiang , Hua Zhen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMedical image segmentation is a key step in medical image analysis. The small differences in the background and foreground of medical images and the small size of most medical data sets make medical segmentation difficult. This paper uses a global‐local training strategy to train the network. In the global structure, ResNest is used as the backbone of the network, and parallel decoders are added to aggregate features, as well as gated axial attention to adapt to small datasets. In the local structure, the extraction of image details is accomplished by dividing the images into equal patches of the same size. To evaluate the performance of the model, qualitative and quantitative comparisons were performed on five datasets, Kvasir‐SEG, CVC‐ColonDB, CVC‐ClinicDB, CVC‐300, and ETIS‐LaribPolypDB, and the segmentation results were significantly better than the current mainstream polyp segmentation methods. The results show that the model has better segmentation performance and generalization ability.
Effect of General Anesthesia on MR Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Cohen Israel , Kraus Matan , Greenberg Gahl , Hoffmann Chen , Shrot Shai 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundPapilledema is thought to be the hallmark sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Distension of the subarachnoid space within the optic nerve sheath is also commonly reported in MR studies as an indirect sign of increased ICP.HypothesisGeneral anesthesia and positive pressure ventilation might result in changes in optic sheath diameter (OSD) observed on clinical brain MRI.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationOne hundred forty‐five patients (154 MRI scans, 7.3 years ± 5.1); 97 studies in the anesthesia group (4.4 years ± 3.4) of which 22 had papilledema, and 57 in the non‐anesthesia group (12.3 years ± 3.2), of which 28 had papilledema.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T or 3.0T volumetric T2 images. T2 images were obtained from different vendors.AssessmentOSD, optic nerve diameter (OND), and peri‐optic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured manually on T2‐weighted MR images for various population subgroups (with and without anesthesia; with or without papilledema). The correlation between these measurements and the clinical diagnosis of papilledema was evaluated via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Statistical TestsChi‐square test; Mann–Whitney Test; Spearman's test and ROCs; Interclass correlation coefficient, P = 0.05.ResultsGeneral anesthesia resulted in significantly larger mean OSD in patients with or without papilledema (7.3 ± 1.0 mm vs. 6.1 ± 1.1 mm and 6.7 ± 1.0 mm vs. 5.4 ± 0.9 mm, respectively). In the non‐anesthesia group, the average OSD values (6.1 ± 1.1 mm) were significantly higher in papilledema patients compared to non‐papilledema patients (5.4 ± 0.9 mm), with larger peri‐optic CSF rim (1.6 ± 0.4 mm vs. 1.3 ± 0.3 mm). In the anesthesia group, OND was significantly larger in papilledema patients (3.4 ± 0.4 mm vs. 3.1 ± 0.5 mm), though the average peri‐optic CSF rim did not reach a significance in papilledema compared with non‐papilledema patients (2.0 ± 0.3 mm vs. 1.8 ± 0.4 mm, P = 0.06). In patients with general anesthesia, peri‐optic CSF rim had a limited correlation with increased ICP.Data ConclusionIn the pediatric population, imaging findings of increased OSD on brain MRI might be related to general anesthesia rather than increased ICP. The interpretation of optic nerve sheath distention should be reported cautiously in conjunction with anesthesia status, especially in the pediatric population.Evidence Level: 4Technical Efficacy: 5
Identification of 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitors by virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation
Authors: Shi Juan , Zhao Li‐Xia , Wang Jia‐Yu , Cao Hai‐Feng , Gao Shuang , Ye Fei , Fu Ying 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUND4‐Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) herbicides control broadleaf and gramineous weeds with better crop safety for corn, sorghum and wheat. Multiple screening models in silico have been established to obtain novel lead compounds as HPPD inhibition herbicides.RESULTSTopomer comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) combined with topomer search technology and Bayesian, genetic approximation functions (GFA) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models generated by calculating different descriptors were constructed for the quinazolindione derivatives of HPPD inhibitors. The coefficient of determination (r2) of topomer CoMFA, MLR and GFA were 0.975, 0.970 and 0.968, respectively; all the models established displayed excellent accuracy and high predictive capacity. Five compounds with potential HPPD inhibition were obtained via screening fragment library combined with the validation of the above models and molecular docking studies. After molecular dynamics (MD) validation and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) prediction, the compound 2‐(2‐amino‐4‐(4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl) benzoyl)‐3‐hydroxycyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐one not only exhibited stable interactions with the protein but also high solubility and low toxicity, and has potential as a novel HPPD inhibition herbicide.CONCLUSIONIn this study, five compounds were obtained through multiple quantitative structure–activity relationship screening. Molecular docking and MD experiments showed that the constructed approach had good screening ability for HPPD inhibitors. This work provided molecular structural information for developing novel, highly efficient and low‐toxicity HPPD inhibitors. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Cholesterol and Melatonin Exert Opposite Effects on the Interaction of Model DMPC Membranes with the SARS‐CoV‐2 S‐Protein: A SANS Study
Authors: Bulavin Leonid A. , Soloviov Dmytro V. , Ivankov Oleksandr I. , Doroshenko Iryna Yu. , Onuk Marta M. , Nikolaenko Tymofii Yu. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn effect of receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of SARS‐CoV‐2 S‐protein on structural parameters of model lipid membranes presented by dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) systems with cholesterol and melatonin impurities is studied by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). It is shown that an increase in melatonin concentration in the lipid membrane leads to a decrease in the thickness of the lipid bilayer, while an increase in the concentration of cholesterol leads to an increase in its thickness. It is suggested that increasing the concentration of melatonin in a membrane prevents the interaction of coronaviral S‐protein with a lipid membrane of a cell. In the presence of cholesterol in the system, the interaction of a lipid membrane with an active part of S‐protein occurs depending on a phase state of the lipid: in the case of a gel phase, there is no changes in structural parameters, but at higher temperatures in the case of a liquid crystal phase, an addition of RBD SARS‐CoV‐2 to the system causes a reduce in the membrane thickness.
Comparison of Monopolar Review to Fixed Parameter Fractionation in Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Thompson John A. , Hirt Lisa , David‐Gerecht Pamela , Fasano Alfonso , Kramer Daniel R. , Ojemann Steven G. , Kern Drew S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundTechnological advancements in deep brain stimulation (DBS) require methodological changes in programming. Fractionalization poses significant practical challenges for the most common approach for assessing DBS efficacy, monopolar review (MR).ObjectivesTwo DBS programming methods: MR and fixed parameter vertical and horizontal fractionalization (FPF) were compared.MethodsA two‐phase process of vertical and horizontal FPF was performed. MR was conducted thereafter. After a short wash‐out period, both optimal configurations determined by MR and FPF were tested in a double‐blind randomized manner.ResultsSeven PD patients were enrolled, providing 11 hemispheres to compare the two conditions. In all subjects, the blinded examiner selected a directional or fractionalization configuration. There was no significant difference in clinical benefits between MR and FPF. FPF was the preferred method for initial programming as selected by subject and clinician.ConclusionsFPF programming is a viable and efficient methodology that may be incorporated into clinical practice.
Evidence based recommendations for perioperative vasopressor use and fluid resuscitation in microsurgery
Authors: Safeek Rachel , Bryan Jaimie , Heath Frederick , Satteson Ellen , Maurer Adrian , Safa Bauback , Sorice‐Virk Sarah 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBlood pressure regulation is critical in patients undergoing microsurgical free tissue transfer; however, guidelines for addressing and preventing perioperative hypotension remain highly debated, with two current thought paradigms: (1) intravenous fluid administration with a balanced salt solution (e.g., lactate ringer and normal saline) and/or colloid (e.g., albumin) and (2) vasoactive pharmacological support with vasopressors (e.g., dobutamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine), with fluid administration being the preferred conventional approach. Here, we review the most up to date available literature and summarize currents perspectives and practices for fluid resuscitation and vasopressor use, while offering evidence‐based guidelines to each.
Curriculum framework to facilitate critical thinking skills of undergraduate nursing students: A cooperative inquiry approach
Authors: Boso Christian Makafui , van der Merwe Anita S. , Gross Janet 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimCritical thinking (CT) is vital in assisting nurses to function efficiently in the ever‐changing health care environment. A CT‐based curriculum framework provides the impetus necessary to drive the acquisition of CT skills of students. Yet, there is no known CT‐based framework contextualized to developing countries where seniority tradition is a norm. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a CT‐based curriculum framework to facilitate the development of CT skills of nursing students in developing countries.DesignCooperative inquiry.MethodsUsing purposive sampling, 11 participants comprising students, educators and preceptors developed a CT‐based curriculum framework.ResultsFindings were organized into a framework illustrating interconnected concepts required to foster CT skills of nursing students. These concepts include authentic student–facilitator partnership, a facilitator that makes a difference; a learner that is free to question and encouraged to reflect; a conducive and participatory learning environment; curriculum renewal processes and contextual realities.
Decision to employ retired nurses to work in senior care businesses: A qualitative study
Authors: Kaewpan Wonpen , Rojpaisarnkit Kunwadee , Tongvichean Sulee , Kaewwilai Lalita , Keawpan Thapanut 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsThis paper aimed to explore the views of employers at senior care businesses concerning the employment of retired nurses in Thailand.DesignA qualitative interview study was conducted.MethodsFace‐to‐face and online semi‐structured interviews with 78 senior care business employers were conducted.ResultsBusiness employers had positive sentiments towards employing retired nurses to deliver care and supported them to remain in the profession. Business employers acknowledged that retired nurses have a high level of professional confidence with excellent knowledge and skills. Furthermore, retired nurses were often assigned to work in managerial roles. In addition, flexibility in terms of work hours, suitability of role and responsibilities, and reasonable compensation rates were important to nurses' decisions to remain in or return to the nursing profession. There is a need for the further development of recruitment, retention and reform policies to encourage retired nurses to continue or return to the nursing profession.Patient and Public ContributionsWe thank all participants for their valuable input throughout the study.
The Feasibility Study of Intraoperative RLN Monitoring Using Cricothyroid Membrane‐Inserted Needle Electrodes During Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Xu Chongwen , Wang Xiaoxia , Liu Junsong , Yan Jinfeng , Zhang Shaoqiang , Zheng Zhiwei , Zhao Qian , Feng Yi , Bai Yanxia , Zhao Ruimin , Li Honghui , Yao Xiaobao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated the feasibility, stability, safety, and economy of cricothyroid membrane (CM)‐inserted needle electrodes for recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring.Study DesignParallel and controlled study.SettingClinical research center for thyroid diseases of Shaanxi province.MethodsA total of 64 patients in the needle electrodes group (104 recurrent laryngeal nerves [RLNs]) and 44 patients in the endotracheal tube (ETT)‐based electrodes group (80 RLNs) underwent monitored thyroidectomy. The evoked electromyography (EMG) signals detected by the 2 electrodes were recorded and analyzed. The changes in EMG during Berry's ligament traction and tracheal displacement were compared. All patients underwent preoperative and postoperative laryngoscopy within 1 week.ResultsBoth electrodes successfully recorded typical evoked laryngeal EMG waveforms from RLNs. The needle electrodes recorded relatively higher amplitudes and similar latencies compared to ETT‐based electrodes. The evoked EMG signals attributed to needle electrodes could accurately predict the function of RLNs with 100% sensitivity and specificity. The reduction in the recorded amplitudes attributed to needle electrodes was higher than that observed with ETT‐based electrodes during Berry's ligament traction or trachea displacement, whereas a similar increase in the latencies was recorded in the 2 groups. Particularly, Berry's ligament traction was more likely to lead to EMG amplitude reduction and latency prolongation. The needle electrodes group recorded 2 cases of minor bleeding on the CM. The needle electrodes were more cost‐effective than ETT‐based electrodes.ConclusionThe CM‐inserted needle electrodes are feasible, stable, safe, and economical for RLN monitoring, and they provide an alternative novel intraoperative neural monitoring format for thyroid surgeons.
Utility of Intraoperative Radiographs in Pediatric Cochlear Implant Surgery
Authors: Savoca Emily , Smith Brandon , Shaffer Amber D. , Kitsko Dennis , Chi David 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the role of intraoperative radiographs to confirm electrode position following pediatric cochlear implantation (CI).Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingSingle tertiary care pediatric center.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted, including all pediatric patients undergoing CI at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh over a 13‐year period.ResultsWe identified 326 patients undergoing 492 procedures. Across the cohort, there were 7 cases that required intraoperative electrode reinsertion due to malposition or presumed malposition. For 6 of the 7 cases, intraoperative X‐ray identified electrode malposition. Neural response telemetry (NRT) testing was also abnormal for 4 of these cases prior to reinsertion. Implantation of Cochlear's Slim Modiolar electrode was associated with an abnormal perioperative X‐ray (odds ratio [OR]: 9.2, p = 0.03) and increased change in management (OR: 9.2, p = 0.03) compared to Cochlear's Contour Advance (CA). Incidence of abnormal X‐rays was 1.24% overall, 4% in the Slim Modiolar group, and 0.3% in the CA group. The Slim Modiolar electrode accounted for 4 of 7 cases requiring reinsertion, and in all 4 of these cases, electrode fold‐over was identified on the X‐ray. NRT was normal in 1 of these 4 cases.ConclusionThe use of Cochlear's Slim Modiolar electrode was associated with a significantly increased risk of abnormal intraoperative X‐ray compared to the CA electrode. Given the risk of fold‐over with routine insertion and normal electrical testing using the Slim Modiolar electrode, we recommend routine use of intraoperative skull X‐ray to confirm electrode position.
The seed transcriptome of Rafflesia reveals horizontal gene transfer and convergent evolution: Implications for conserving the world's largest flower
Authors: Molina Jeanmaire , Wicaksono Adhityo , Michael Todd P. , Kwak Su‐Hwan , Pedales Ronniel D. , Joly‐Lopez Zoé , Petrus Semar , Mamerto Allen , Tomek Brian , Ahmed Sumaya , Maddu Venkatasivasankar , Yakubova Kristina , Tandang Danilo , Morin Joseph W. , Park So‐Yon , Lee Hyun‐Oh , McLaughlin William , Wallick Kyle , Adams James , Novy Ari , Pell Susan , Purugganan Michael D. 
Published: April 2023

Societal Impact StatementRafflesia is a genus of parasitic plants with the largest flowers in the world, unique to the threatened forest habitats of tropical Asia. Here, we report on genes that are active (the transcriptome) in Rafflesia seeds as part of a larger effort to understand Rafflesia. Rafflesia has never been grown successfully outside of its native range. Consequently, seed banking is not yet possible, precluding a critical management strategy for conservation. The study of Rafflesia seed biology is a critical step to improve its cultivation, which will educate the public about unique species and the importance of conserving their habitats.Summary

Rafflesia is of great interest as one of the only two plants known to have completely lost its chloroplast genome. Rafflesia is a holoparasite and an endophyte that lives inside the tissues of its host, a tropical grape vine (Tetrastigma), emerging only to bloom—with the largest flower of any plant. Here, we report the first Rafflesia seed transcriptome and compare it with those of other plants to deepen our understanding of its extraordinary life history.
We assembled a transcriptome from RNA extracted from seeds of the Philippine endemic Rafflesia speciosa and compared this with those of other plants, including Arabidopsis, parasitic plants Striga and Cuscuta, and the mycoheterotrophic orchid Anoectochilus.
Genetic and metabolic seed pathways in Rafflesia were generally similar to the other plant species. However, there were some notable exceptions. We found evidence of horizontal transfer of a gene potentially involved in circumventing host defenses. Moreover, we identified a possible convergence among parasitic plants because Rafflesia, Striga, and Cuscuta shared important similarities. We were unable to find evidence of genes involved in mycorrhizal symbiosis, suggesting that mycoheterotrophy is unlikely to play a role in Rafflesia parasitism.
To date, ex situ propagation of Rafflesia by seed has been mostly unsuccessful. Our research is a bold step forward in understanding the fundamentals of Rafflesia seed biology that will inform the continued propagation and seed‐banking efforts concerning this recalcitrant plant. We discuss our findings in the broader context of the conservation of a genus in peril.
Feasibility, acceptability, and behavioral outcomes of a multimodal intervention for prostate cancer patients: Experience from the MARTINI lifestyle program
Authors: Thederan Imke , Pott Aliaksandra , Krueger Alexander , Chandrasekar Thenappan , Tennstedt Pierre , Knipper Sophie , Tilki Derya , Heinzer Hans , Schulz Karl‐Heinz , Makarova Nataliya , Zyriax Birgit‐Christiane 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumor in men. The potential benefit of a healthy lifestyle contrasts sharply with the observed poor adherence to current international lifestyle guidelines. Thus, well‐designed sustainable interventions of aftercare that can be translated into routine practice are highly recommended. The present pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a multimodal lifestyle intervention program in PCa patients after radical prostatectomy (RP).MethodsIn a single‐arm study, carried out at the Martini‐Klinik of the University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf, Germany, 59 eligible men with locally advanced PCa were recruited within 3−6 months after RP and assigned to a multimodal lifestyle program. The program consisted of 10 weekly 6−7 h course days, with a focus on dietary control, physical activity (per World Cancer Research Fund recommendations) and psychological support. Primary objectives were feasibility, acceptability, completion rate, and safety. In addition, changes in lifestyle, psychological well‐being, clinical and laboratory values were assessed. The study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (No. DRK S00015288 [MARTINI‐Lifestyle‐cohort] [www.germanctr.de]).ResultsA high program acceptance was observed. Only three participants (5%) dropped out of the program prematurely. Personal feedback reflected appreciation for participation, personal gain through new knowledge and through the group experience. Without exception, all participants have taken part in follow‐up examinations and no adverse events or incidents occurred. In addition, changes in lifestyle habits, clinical parameters and improved quality of life were detected.ConclusionThe MARTINI lifestyle program appears feasible and safe, and acceptance of the multimodal intervention was high among PCa patients. These encouraging results favor conducting a large multicenter trial to implement the program into routine practice and to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention on survival and quality of life.