bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The [O iii] Profiles of Far-infrared Active and Inactive Optically Selected Green Valley Galaxies
Authors: Mahoro Antoine , Väisänen Petri , Pović Mirjana , Nkundabakura Pheneas , van der Heyden Kurt , Cazzoli Sara , Worku Samuel B. , Márquez Isabel , Masegosa Josefa , Randriamampandry Solohery M. , Mogotsi Moses 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We present a study of the [O iii] λ5007 line profile in a subsample of eight active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and six non-AGNs in the optically selected green valley at z < 0.5 using long-slit spectroscopic observations obtained with the 11 m Southern African Large Telescope. Gaussian decomposition of the line profile was performed to study its different components. We observe that the AGN profiles are more complex than the non-AGN ones. In particular, in most AGNs (5/8) we detect a blue wing of the line. We derive the FWHM velocities of the wing and systemic component, and find that the AGNs show higher FWHM velocities than the non-AGNs in their core component. We also find that the AGNs show blue wings with a median velocity width of approximately 600 km s−1, and a velocity offset from the core component in the range −90 to −350 km s−1, in contrast to the non-AGN galaxies, where we do not detect blue wings in any of their [O iii] λ5007 line profiles. Using the spatial information in our spectra, we show that at least three of the outflow candidate galaxies have centrally driven gas outflows extending across the whole galaxy. Moreover, these are also the galaxies which are located on the main sequence of star formation, raising the possibility that the AGNs in our sample are influencing the star formation of their host galaxies (such as positive feedback). This is in agreement with our previous work where we studied the star formation, morphology, and stellar population properties of a sample of green valley AGNs and non-AGN galaxies.
Particle-in-cell Simulations of Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection with Advanced Maxwell Solver Algorithms
Authors: Klion Hannah , Jambunathan Revathi , Rowan Michael E. , Yang Eloise , Willcox Donald , Vay Jean-Luc , Lehe Remi , Myers Andrew , Huebl Axel , Zhang Weiqun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Relativistic magnetic reconnection is a nonideal plasma process that is a source of nonthermal particle acceleration in many high-energy astrophysical systems. Particle-in-cell (PIC) methods are commonly used for simulating reconnection from first principles. While much progress has been made in understanding the physics of reconnection, especially in 2D, the adoption of advanced algorithms and numerical techniques for efficiently modeling such systems has been limited. With the GPU-accelerated PIC code WarpX, we explore the accuracy and potential performance benefits of two advanced Maxwell solver algorithms: a nonstandard finite-difference scheme (CKC) and an ultrahigh-order pseudo-spectral method (PSATD). We find that, for the relativistic reconnection problem, CKC and PSATD qualitatively and quantitatively match the standard Yee-grid finite-difference method. CKC and PSATD both admit a time step that is 40% longer than that of Yee, resulting in a ∼40% faster time to solution for CKC, but no performance benefit for PSATD when using a current deposition scheme that satisfies Gauss’s law. Relaxing this constraint maintains accuracy and yields a 30% speedup. Unlike Yee and CKC, PSATD is numerically stable at any time step, allowing for a larger time step than with the finite-difference methods. We found that increasing the time step 2.4–3 times over the standard Yee step still yields accurate results, but it only translates to modest performance improvements over CKC, due to the current deposition scheme used with PSATD. Further optimization of this scheme will likely improve the effective performance of PSATD.
Validating Stellar Abundance Measurements from Multiresolution Spectroscopy
Authors: Sandford Nathan R. , Weisz Daniel R. , Ting 丁 Yuan-Sen 源森 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Large-scale surveys will provide spectroscopy for ∼50 million resolved stars in the Milky Way and Local Group. However, these data will have a high degree of heterogeneity and most will be low-resolution (R < 10,000), posing challenges to measuring consistent and reliable stellar labels. Here, we introduce a framework for identifying and remedying these issues. By simultaneously fitting the full spectrum and Gaia photometry with the Payne, we measure ∼30 abundances for eight metal-poor red giants in M15. From degraded quality Keck/HIRES spectra, we evaluate trends with resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and find that (i) ∼20 abundances are recovered consistently within ≲0.1 dex agreement and with ≲0.05–0.15 dex systematic uncertainties from 10,000 ≲ R ≲ 80,000; (ii) for nine elements (C, Mg, Ca, Sc, Ti, Fe, Ni, Y, and Nd), this systematic precision and accuracy extends down to R ∼ 2500; and (iii) while most elements do not exhibit strong S/N-dependent systematics, there are nonnegligible biases for four elements (C, Mg, Ca, and Dy) below S/N ∼ 10 pixel−1. We compare statistical uncertainties from Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling to the easier-to-compute Cramér–Rao bounds and find that they agree for ∼85% of elements, indicating the latter to be a reliable and faster way to estimate uncertainties. Our analysis illustrates the great promise of low-resolution spectroscopy for stellar chemical abundance work in the low-metallicity regime, and ongoing improvements to stellar models (e.g., 3D-NLTE physics) will only further extend its viability to more stars, more elements, and higher precision and accuracy.
A Two-element Interferometer for Millimeter-wave Solar Flare Observations
Authors: Yu 于 YongLin 永林 , Xu 许 Shuo 硕 , Zhang 张 Lei 磊 , Shang 尚 ZiQian 自乾 , Qiao 乔 ChengLong 成龙 , Li 李 ShuQi 舒琪 , Wu 武 Zhao 昭 , Su 苏 YanRui 艳蕊 , Song 宋 HongQiang 红强 , Chen 陈 Yao 耀 , Yan 严 FaBao 发宝 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a two-element interferometer operating in the millimeter-wave band (39.5–40 GHz) for observing solar radio emissions through nulling interference. The system is composed of two 50 cm aperture Cassegrain antennas installed on a common equatorial mount, with a separation of 230 wavelengths. The cross-correlation of the received signals effectively cancels out the quiet solar component of the high flux density (∼3000 sfu) that reduces the detection limit due to atmospheric fluctuations. The system performance is as follows: the noise factor of the analog front end in the observation band is less than 2.1 dB, system sensitivity is approximately 12.4 K (∼34 sfu) with an integration time constant of 0.1 ms (default), the frequency resolution is 153 kHz, and the dynamic range is ≥30 dB. Through actual testing, the nulling interferometer observes a quiet Sun with a low level of output fluctuations (up to 50 sfu) and has a significantly lower radiation flux variability (up to 190 sfu) than an equivalent single-antenna system, even under thick cloud cover. As a result, this new design can effectively improve observation sensitivity by reducing the impact of atmospheric and system fluctuations during observation.
Trajectoires biographiques de femmes victimes d’inceste : une vulnérabilité pérenne face aux violences ?
Authors: Hervouet Lucile 
Published: July 2023

Cet article s’intéresse à l’intrication des violences subies durant l’enfance et à leur répétition à l’âge adulte. Une recherche en Polynésie française par méthode mixte a permis de retracer les trajectoires de femmes victimes d’inceste. Durant l’enfance, les violences sexuelles ont tendance à se cumuler avec des violences physiques. Parfois, les violences se répètent à l’âge adulte, dans la sphère conjugale notamment. Les femmes interrogées s’en sentent en partie responsables et appréhendent leur vulnérabilité sous l’angle de dispositions individuelles. L’approche sociologique permet de critiquer l’idée selon laquelle les personnes victimes d’inceste pâtiraient d’une vulnérabilité intrinsèque, indépendamment de leurs appartenances sociales. Isolement, dépendance matérielle et affective, et déstabilisation morale – processus eux-mêmes liés à l’inceste –, structurent le risque de revictimation.
Cognitive and Behavioral Profile of Egyptian Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Khalil Mona , Morsy Nourhan Mohamed , Elmaksoud Marwa Abd 
Published: July 2023

Background
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive neuromuscular disorder that could be associated with cognitive and behavioral disorders.

Aim
To evaluate the cognitive abilities and behavioral disorders in children with DMD and possible relation to various clinical characteristics.

Subjects and methods
50 boys with DMD aged 6–14 years and an age-matched 50 boys as a control were included in the study. Assessment of cognitive function was the done using Arabic version of Stanford Binet intelligence test fourth edition, and behavioral assessment was done using the Arabic version of child behavior checklist.

Results
There was statistically significant difference between both groups regarding the total as well as all subscales of IQ test, cases showed lower scores on total and subscales IQ in comparison to controls. There was statistically significant difference between the mean scores in cases and control in all scales; internalizing problems, externalizing problems, other problems, as well as the total score. More children in the clinical and borderline categories in all domains were observed in the cases as compared to the control group. Positive relation was detected between internalizing behavioral problems and ambulatory state, duration of disease, associated conditions and cognitive abilities. Also, positive relation was observed between IQ and ambulatory state.

Conclusion
Cognitive and behavioral problems are common in DMD. Cognitive impairment have an association with the progression of muscular deterioration and loss of ambulation. Internalizing problems are more common with prolonged duration of illness, loss of ambulation, presence of associated conditions and cognitive abilities.
Clinico-epidemiological aspects of fever of unknown origin in children: tertiary hospital study
Authors: Attia Wafaa E. M. , Elhussiny Myada S. , AbuElhassan Samir M. 
Published: July 2023

Background
Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is one of the most complex diagnostic quandaries in infectious diseases and tropical medicine. When treating patients having prolonged opaque fever, clinicians should base their diagnostic decisions on the frequency distribution of the illnesses that cause FUO. Patients reported with FUO are extremely given unnecessary excessive investigations and antimicrobial treatments, making FUO a difficult problem in clinical practice. There is no gold standard protocol for establishing the cause of FUO.

Aim
The aim of the current study was to determine the common causes of fever of unknown origin in children and its prevalence according to demographic data which may guide the pediatricians to narrow the diagnostic approach and the priority of work-up.

Patients and methods
This was an observational retrospective study conducted on a total of 134 children aged 1 to 17 years old, of both sexes admitted at Mansoura University Children’s Hospital (MUCH) from January 2015 to December 2020 and fulfilling the FUO definition (Classic FUO is as fever with a body temperature greater than and equal to 38.3°C for at least 3 weeks duration with a failure to reach a diagnosis after 1 week of inpatient investigations.

Results
Total 134 patients were identified. Confirmed diagnosis was attained in 108 patients (80.6%). Among them, infectious diseases (n=50, 37.3%) were the most common, followed by collagen vascular diseases (n=15, 11.2%), malignancies (n=10, 7.5%), and miscellaneous (n=33, 24.6%). Whereas 19.4% of cases (n=26, 19.4%) remained undiagnosed. Respiratory infections were the most common among the infectious diseases, juvenile idiopathic arthritis and acute leukemia were common causes of collagen vascular diseases and malignancies, respectively.

Conclusion
The current study concluded that; infectious diseases were the main cause for fever of unknown origin in children and respiratory infections were the most infectious cause.
Evaluation of Left Ventricular Dysfunction after Single-Chamber Pacemaker Implantation in Patients with Normal Left Ventricular Function in a Tertiary Care Institution in South India
Authors: Narasaiyan Hariharan , Swaminathan N. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
In pacemaker recipients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, there is scant evidence regarding the effect of single-chamber pacing on left ventricular systolic function. The objective of the study was to assess the echocardiographic progression of pacemaker patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction at the baseline in relation to the level of right ventricular pacing and indication for pacing.

Methodology:
The clinical and diagnostic data from 200 patients who had undergone pacemaker implantation during 2018–2019 were analyzed. Of 200 patients, 32 patients were not included in the study in view of their baseline ejection fraction being <55% in 22 patients, loss to follow-up in six patients, and owing to four patients dying during the study. At admission and after a year of follow-up, the patient’s biodata, indications for pacemaker insertion, pacing percentage and echocardiographic parameters, and treatment profile were recorded.

Results:
A total of 168 patients (48.2% of males and 51.8% of females) were implanted with single-chamber permanent pacemaker. By 1 year, the mean ejection fraction, which was 61.47%, had significantly dropped to 50%. Mitral annular tissue velocity diastolic (E/e′) increased significantly (>4%) after 1 year compared to the baseline. By 1 year, there has been a significant (>10%) change from the baseline in the transannular plane systolic excursion parameter. The left ventricular systolic dysfunction happened in a greater degree in patients with advanced conduction disease compared to those who had sinus node dysfunction.

Conclusion:
Clinically significant left ventricle dysfunction and right ventricle dysfunction developed in a large number of pacemaker recipients with normal left ventricular function at the baseline.
Reinventing Nature in Kaziranga National Park
Authors: Sarmah Biswajit 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A restrictive approach in managing Protected Areas (PA) is often attributed to ‘Western’ ideas of nature. This view claims that national elites embraced Western ideas of nature—which supposedly has no place for humans—to produce pristine wilderness in PAs by banning grazing, fishing, and foraging inside them. This article foregrounds cultural politics as an alternate driver of creating wilderness in the global south. The article explores the history of conservation of the Greater One-horned Rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis) in Kaziranga Wild Life Sanctuary (KWLS), the previous avatar of Kaziranga National Park in Assam, India. It shows that Assamese cultural politics pertaining to the rhino not only augmented the Assam Forest Department’s (FD) enduring efforts to sanitise KWLS from human activities but also paved the way for the militarised protection of the rhino, which in turn, reinforced wilderness. By the late 1960s, when a larger debate about wildlife conservation surfaced in India, developments in KWLS subtly informed exclusionary conservation in other national parks and tiger reserves.
Diagnostic performance of transthoracic ultrasound in patients with pulmonary embolism
Authors: Al-Salahy Mahmoud M , El-Mahdy Mohammad A -E , Sabry El-Shaimaa M , Ahmed Samar N , Elnaggar Marwa E 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is an acute, significant, and life-threatening condition. Transthoracic ultrasound (TUS) is one of the noninvasive diagnostic modalities that has been presented for detection of numerous chest disorders as well as PE.

Objectives
The goal of this work was to estimate the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of bedside TUS in PE detection.

Patients and methods
Fifty patients with moderate-to-high clinical suspicion of PE were examined by TUS. Diagnosis of PE depended on clinical suspicion and was confirmed by computed tomography pulmonary angiography.

Results
Most of the lesions related to PE and detected by US examination were on the right side (60%) and posterior lower lobe (70%) with predominance of A profile. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative, and positive predictive values of TUS in diagnosis of PE were 93.3, 65, 82, 86.7, and 80%, respectively.

Conclusion
TUS is an important diagnostic tool as a noninvasive bedside test in detecting PE principally for critically ill or unmoving patients with high sensitivity and moderate specificity.
Prevalence of hypothyroidism in newly diagnosed patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: El-Maboud Suliman Lucy A , El Metwally Ali Raed , Ahmed Magda A , Aboelazm Maged E A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
One of the most common presentations of OSAS is daytime sleepiness, which is also seen in patients with hypothyroidism. We hypothesized that hypothyroidism is one of contributing factors in the development of OSAS; thus, adequate management of hypothyroidism can simply help to alleviate OSAS symptoms.

Aim of the Study:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of hypothyroidism in OSAS patients in our locality and to compare respiratory polysomnographic parameters of OSAS patients with hypothyroidism versus those without hypothyroidism.

Patients and Methods:
In a descriptive prospective cross-sectional study, our patients attending Sleep Disordered Breathing Clinic at Sleep Disordered Breathing Unit, Chest Medicine Department, Mansoura University Hospital. All patients were subjected to full history taking with stress on sleep questionnaires, pulmonary complaints, physical examination, anthropometric measures, diagnostic PSG, laboratory evaluation (serum TSH and free T4 levels), and chest radiology and echocardiography.

Results:
There were two groups of OSAS participants (hypothyroid and euthyroid). Hypothyroidism was evident in 12% of patients;they were classified according to AHI, 13, 15, and 60 of Euthyroid patients had mild, moderate, and severe OSAS, respectively. hypothyroid patients, 2 mild OSAS, 1 moderate OSAS and 9 severe OSAS. Epworth sleepiness scale scores were significantly higher in the hypothyroid group with a mean score of 18 ± 4.8 vs 12.47 ± 6 in the euthyroid group (P = 0.003). Different PSG parameters showed no difference between the two groups. AHI, serum TSH level, and T4 levels were positively correlated but with insignificant P values.

Conclusion:
Hypothyroidism is thought to be one of the key players in the development of sleep-breathing disorders. It was evident in 12% of OSAS patients; however, the a proven insignificant difference in PSG parameters in OSAS with hypothyroidism versus euthyroid group, except for affection of daytime sleepiness.
High-velocity nasal insufflation success assessment using ROX index in patients with acute respiratory failure
Authors: Shalaby Heba M , Mohamed Hoda A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
High-velocity nasal insufflation (Hi-VNI) in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) gives humidified, heated oxygen, with a higher velocity, and gas flow up to 40 l/min, and FiO2 up to 1.0 through more comfortable, relatively small nasal prongs. respiratory rate-oxygenation (ROX) index is an easy bedside test, variable with time, and helps in decision making in the daily follow-up of patients on Hi-VNI.

Aim
The aim was to validate the accuracy of ROX index in the early detection of patients with ARF who will fail using Hi-VNI and need early intubation without worsening their clinical prognosis.

Patients and methods
A prospective observational cohort study was performed on 40 patients with ARF who received Hi-VNI treatment. Application of Hi-VNI was done once indicated, and after 2, 6, and 12 h, intensivists calculated ROX indices. Then, follow-up patients was performed for the need for intubation, ICU length of stay, and 28-day mortality.

Results
Patients treated with Hi-VNI were divided into two groups: the successful group and the unsuccessful group. A total of 20 patients (50%) required intubation after Hi-VNI. Their median ROX indices were 4.25, 4.6, and 4.8 after 2, 6, and 12 h, respectively. The ROX index can predict the risk of intubation in patients with ARF. However, in the successful group, ROX indices were 6.35, 6.29, and 7.05 after 2, 6, and 12 h, respectively. The ROX index was an accurate predictor of success (area under the curve=1.00).

Conclusion
In patients with ARF treated by Hi-VNI, the ROX index is a bedside test, daily used in ICU, and can early predict patients who will fail using Hi-VNI and need intubation, thus avoiding delayed intubation and worse clinical outcome.
The role of chest ultrasound in the diagnosis of thoracic tuberculosis
Authors: Marwa Al Makkawy , Emad Korraa , Ashraf Madkour , Noha Ahmed 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Data regarding the role of chest ultrasound (CUS) in thoracic tuberculosis (TTB) are deficient. If the diagnostic accuracy of CUS for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is similar to that for CUS in the diagnosis of pneumonia, CUS could play an important role in its diagnosis.

Aim
This study aimed to describe the diagnostic features and use of CUS in TTB and compare CUS findings in PTB versus community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Patients and methods
Consecutive patients presenting with TTB and CAP were enrolled in this study. Computed tomography (CT) chest, CUS, mediastinal US, and abdominal US were performed. CUS lesion pattern in TTB, PTB, and CAP cases were recorded.

Results
CUS in patients with PTB uniquely and significantly detected pleural gap (28 patients, 27%), fragmented pleura (35 patients, 34%), subpleural fluid collection (three patients, 2.9%), and subpleural nodules (SPN) (97 patients, 95%), which were not detected by CT (P<0.05 for all). Moreover, CUS in patients with PTB uniquely and significantly detected absent sliding sign in a cavitary lesion, pleural gap, and SPNs, which were absent in CUS in CAP (P<0.05 for all) and highly significant more subpleural consolidations when compared with CUS findings in CAP. However, more significant air bronchogram CUS patterns were encountered in patients with CAP than in those with PTB.

Conclusion
CUS is a complementary tool in assessing TTB. It can report new PTB patterns (pleural gap, fragmented pleura, subpleural fluid collection, SPN, and subpleural consolidation) not detected by CT. CUS detects different sonographic patterns in PTB than CAP.