bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operator Counterparts of Types of Reasoning
Authors: Wybraniec-Skardowska Urszula 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLogical and philosophical literature provides different classifications of reasoning. In the Polish literature on the subject, for instance, there are three popular ones accepted by representatives of the Lvov-Warsaw School: Jan Łukasiewicz, Tadeusz Czeżowski and Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz (Ajdukiewicz in Logika pragmatyczna [Pragmatic Logic]. PWN, Warsaw (1965, 2nd ed. 1974). Translated as: Pragmatic Logic. Reidel & PWN, Dordrecht, 1975). The author of this paper, having modified those classifications, distinguished the following types of reasoning: (1) deductive and (2) non-deductive, and additionally two types of them in each of the two, depending on the manner of combining their premises with the conclusion through the relation of classical logical entailment. Consequently, the four types of reasoning:

unilateral deductive (incl. its sub-types: deductive inference and proof),

bilateral deductive (incl. complete induction), and

reductive (incl. the sub-types: explanation and verification),

logically nonvaluable (incl. inference by analogy, statistic inference),

correspond to four operators of derivability. They are defined formally on the ground of Tarski’s axiomatic theory of deductive systems, by means of the consequence operation Cn (Tarski in Monatshefte Math Phys 37:361–404, 1930a, C R Soc Sci Lett Vars 23:22–29, 1930b). Also, certain metalogical properties of these operators are given, as well as their relations with Tarski’s consequence operations $$Cn^+$$

C

n
+

($$Cn^+ = Cn$$

C

n
+

=
C
n

) and dual consequences $$Cn^{-1}$$

C

n

-
1

(Słupecki in Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Seria B Nr 3:33–40, 1959, Słupecki et al. in Stud Log 29:76–123, 1971, Wybraniec-Skardowska, in: Wybraniec-Skardowska, Bryll (eds) Z badań nad teorią zdań odrzuconych [Studies in the Theory of Rejected Propositions], Series B, Studia i Monografie, Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Pedagogicznej w Opolu, Opole, 1969), and $$Cn^-$$

C

n
-

(Wójcicki in Bull Sect Log 2(2):54–57, 1973)).
Myths of past biases and progress in biology
Authors: Raerinne Jani 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTwo ideas are popular among biologists. The first idea is concerned with the biased nature of biology, especially the idea that biologists have overemphasized the importance of competition in the past. The second idea is concerned with progress in correcting for biases, namely, that the biased nature of biology decreases with time. To test these ideas, data on the popularity of interaction topics, such as competition, predation, and mutualism, was collected from articles published in biology journals. Research biases should be visible in publication data as systematic over- and underemphases regarding the popularity of alternative, viable research topics. Were the two ideas correct, data should show that the popularity of a historically dominant topic(s) diminishes with time, whereas the popularity of historically marginal, alternative topics increases with time. The data show that the two ideas are false. According to publication data, the biased nature of biology increases with time, which is a sign of regress rather than progress in biology.
Burnout syndrome and coping strategies in athletes with disabilities: a systematic review
Authors: Ferreira Rodrigo Weyll , de Athayde Costa e Silva Anselmo , Brandão Maria Regina Ferreira , Magno e Silva Marília Passos , Gaia Jhonatan Welington Pereira , Pires Daniel Alvarez 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis systematic review aimed to synthesize the literature on burnout and coping in athletes with disabilities and identify the psychological and physical variables associated with burnout and coping in this population. The present study was conducted in accordance with the updated PRISMA 2020 systematic review guidelines. The Scopus, PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, SciELO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched. Eight articles were included in the study. Five of them investigated coping, and three investigated burnout. Their sample sizes ranged between 10 and 209 athletes with a total of 588 from the eight studies. Burnout was associated with socially prescribed perfectionism and sleep, and coping was associated with self-determined motivation, engagement, anxiety, depression, performance, and classification. This is the first systematic review of burnout and coping in athletes with disabilities that provides an overview of the studies conducted. Scientific research on the psychological constructs of coping and burnout in athletes with disabilities is in an incipient phase. The results highlight the key factors associated with burnout and coping in this population, which may inform targeted intervention strategies.
Role of exosome-mediated molecules SNORD91A and SLC40A1 in M2 macrophage polarization and prognosis of ESCC
Authors: Xue Yang , Cheng Zhengyan , Liao Yida , Chen Xing 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Exosome-mediated interaction serves as a significant regulatory factor for M2 macrophage polarization in cancer.

Methods
All accessible data were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and analyzed using R software. Molecules implicated in exocrine secretion were amassed from the ExoCarta database. Our research initially quantified the immune microenvironment in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) patients based on the expression profile sourced from the TCGA database. Additionally, we delved into the biological role of M2 macrophages in ESCC via Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA).

Results
We observed that patients with high M2 macrophage infiltration typically have a poorer prognosis. Subsequently, a total of 1457 molecules were identified, with 103 of these molecules believed to function through exocrine mechanisms, as supported by data from the ExoCarta database. SNORD91A and SLC40A1 were ultimately pinpointed due to their correlation with patient prognosis. Moreover, we investigated their potential roles in ESCC, including biological enrichment, immune infiltration, and genomic instability analysis.

Conclusions
Our study identified exosome-associated molecules, namely SNORD91A and SLC40A1, which notably impact ESCC prognosis and local M2 macrophage recruitment, thereby presenting potential therapeutic targets for ESCC.
Systematic characterization of faecal sludge from various sources for its use as a solid fuel
Authors: Sharma Niharika , Lolkema Berend , Mawioo Peter , Hooijmans Christine Maria , Dupont Capucine 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Faecal sludge (FS) is not extensively evaluated for its potential as a solid fuel mainly due to the general conception of its “highly variable characteristics” in relation to the wide range of on-site sanitation systems. An extensive and systematic FS characterization was therefore conducted on twenty-four samples collected directly from pit latrines, ventilated improved pit latrines (VIPs) and urine-diverting dehydrating toilets (UDDTs) at two depths to understand the impact on properties relevant for combustion. The higher heating value (HHV) for these samples lies between 13 to 22 MJ/kg DM (dry matter). However, such high values should be taken with caution since the measurement guidelines recommended the removal of the large inert pieces found in FS. Besides this potential bias of procedure, differences could be observed between containments, where pit latrines showed the largest variability as compared to VIP and UDDT. These differences are mainly correlated with the ash content, ranging from 15 to 50% DM, while the organic elements concentrations were similar for all samples. Interestingly, the same major inorganic elements could be measured in all samples, namely Si, P, Ca and K followed by Mg and Na. Such similar composition is probably due to similar sanitation practices and staple diet. However, the overall concentration of minor elements was below 1000 ppm DM for most samples. The N concentrations were quite high, between 2.5 to 4.5% DM. Abovementioned results may be problematic for process and environmental aspects if FS is combusted alone. FS can therefore be suitable preferably for co-combustion in blend with lignocellulosic biomass waste.
Technical review on coaxial deep borehole heat exchanger
Authors: Chen Haohua , Tomac Ingrid 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis review paper summarizes recent developments regarding geothermal exploitation using coaxial deep borehole heat exchangers (DBHE). Specifically, this study focuses on field tests, analytical and semi-analytical approaches, and numerical simulations. First, field tests and applications of coaxial DBHE are summarized and future work for the field tests is suggested. Then, the ongoing analytical and numerical modeling approaches on coaxial DBHE are evaluated regarding the capability and incapability of describing physical behaviors. Lastly, key factors for the design of coaxial DBHE are summarized and discussed based on collected results. Regarding field tests, future work should focus more on (1) long-term performance; (2) effect of groundwater flow within formation and fractures; (3) technology for larger diameter boreholes; (4) new and cheap materials for insulated inner pipe; (5) treatment of fluid, pipe wall, and different working fluid; (6) economic analysis of coaxial DBHE-based geothermal power plant. As for the analytical methods and numerical simulations, it is important to consider the dependence of fluid and formation properties on pressure and temperature. Besides, verification and calibration of empirical models for working fluids other than water such as CO2 should be performed based on laboratory and field tests. Different borehole properties and pump parameters should be optimized to obtain the maximum thermal power of a coaxial DBHE, and an insulated inner pipe is recommended by many researchers. An intermittent working pattern of the DBHE could be more realistic when modeling a DBHE. To further improve the performance of coaxial DBHE, continuous research to enhance heat transfer and working fluid performance is still important.
Evidence into practice: a national cohort study of NICE-recommended oncological drug therapy utilisation among women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in England
Authors: Gannon Melissa Ruth , Dodwell David , Aggarwal Ajay , Park Min Hae , Miller Katie , Horgan Kieran , Clements Karen , Medina Jibby , Cromwell David Alan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Multiple drug treatments are approved for invasive breast cancer (IBC). We investigated uptake of NICE-recommended oncological drugs and variation by age, comorbidity burden and geographical region.

Methods
Women (aged 50+ years) diagnosed with IBC from 2014 to 2019, were identified from England Cancer Registry data and drug utilisation from Systemic Anti-Cancer Therapy data. Interrupted time series analysis assessed national-level changes in drug use after publication of NICE recommendations. Regression models analysed variation in use.

Results
This national cohort included 168,449 women. Use of drugs recommended for first-line treatment varied, from 26.6% for CDK 4/6 inhibitors to 63.8% for HER2-targeting therapies. Utilisation of drugs with a NICE recommendation published between 2014 and 2019, increased among patients diagnosed around the time of publication, except in the case of pertuzumab for metastatic breast cancer (MBC) which was previously accessible via the Cancer Drugs Fund (though use of pertuzumab for MBC increased from 34.1% to 75.0% across the study period). Use of trastuzumab and neoadjuvant/adjuvant pertuzumab varied by geographical region. Use was low for ribociclib (2.2%), abemaciclib (2.3%) and for drugs recommended beyond the first-line setting. For all drugs, use after NICE recommendation varied by age at diagnosis and increased as stage increased.

Conclusions
Use of NICE-recommended drugs for IBC in routine care is variable, with lowest use among women aged 70+ years. Improving access to effective treatments is an important step in improving outcomes.
Hearing loss and vestibular schwannoma: new insights into Schwann cells implication
Authors: Mohamed Tasnim , Melfi Valentina , Colciago Alessandra , Magnaghi Valerio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHearing loss (HL) is the most common and heterogeneous disorder of the sensory system, with a large morbidity in the worldwide population. Among cells of the acoustic nerve (VIII cranial nerve), in the cochlea are present the hair cells, the spiral ganglion neurons, the glia-like supporting cells, and the Schwann cells (SCs), which alterations have been considered cause of HL. Notably, a benign SC-derived tumor of the acoustic nerve, named vestibular schwannoma (VS), has been indicated as cause of HL. Importantly, SCs are the main glial cells ensheathing axons and forming myelin in the peripheral nerves. Following an injury, the SCs reprogram, expressing some stemness features. Despite the mechanisms and factors controlling their biological processes (i.e., proliferation, migration, differentiation, and myelination) have been largely unveiled, their role in VS and HL was poorly investigated. In this review, we enlighten some of the mechanisms at the base of SCs transformation, VS development, and progression, likely leading to HL, and we pose great attention on the environmental factors that, in principle, could contribute to HL onset or progression. Combining the biomolecular bench-side approach to the clinical bedside practice may be helpful for the diagnosis, prediction, and therapeutic approach in otology.
IL-2 immunotherapy for targeting regulatory T cells in autoimmunity
Authors: Lykhopiy Valentina , Malviya Vanshika , Humblet-Baron Stephanie , Schlenner Susan M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) are indispensable for immune homoeostasis and for the prevention of autoimmune diseases. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) signalling is critical in all aspects of Treg biology. Consequences of defective IL-2 signalling are insufficient numbers or dysfunction of Treg and hence autoimmune disorders in human and mouse. The restoration and maintenance of immune homoeostasis remain central therapeutic aims in the field of autoimmunity. Historically, broadly immunosuppressive drugs with serious side-effects have been used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases or prevention of organ-transplant rejection. More recently, ex vivo expanded or in vivo stimulated Treg have been shown to induce effective tolerance in clinical trials supporting the clinical benefit of targeting natural immunosuppressive mechanisms. Given the central role of exogenous IL-2 in Treg homoeostasis, a new and promising focus in drug development are IL-2-based approaches for in vivo targeted expansion of Treg or for enhancement of their suppressive activity. In this review, we summarise the role of IL-2 in Treg biology and consequences of dysfunctional IL-2 signalling pathways. We then examine evidence of efficacy of IL-2-based biological drugs targeting Treg with specific focus on therapeutic candidates in clinical trials and discuss their limitations.
Monkeypox virus-infected individuals mount comparable humoral immune responses as Smallpox-vaccinated individuals
Authors: Otter Ashley D. , Jones Scott , Hicks Bethany , Bailey Daniel , Callaby Helen , Houlihan Catherine , Rampling Tommy , Gordon Nicola Claire , Selman Hannah , Satheshkumar Panayampalli S. , Townsend Michael , Mehta Ravi , Pond Marcus , Jones Rachael , Wright Deborah , Oeser Clarissa , Tonge Simon , Linley Ezra , Hemingway Georgia , Coleman Tom , Millward Sebastian , Lloyd Aaron , Damon Inger , Brooks Tim , Vipond Richard , Rowe Cathy , Hallis Bassam 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn early 2022, a cluster of monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection (mpox) cases were identified within the UK with no prior travel history to MPXV-endemic regions. Subsequently, case numbers exceeding 80,000 were reported worldwide, primarily affecting gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). Public health agencies worldwide have offered the IMVANEX Smallpox vaccination to these individuals at high-risk to provide protection and limit the spread of MPXV. We have developed a comprehensive array of ELISAs to study poxvirus-induced antibodies, utilising 24 MPXV and 3 Vaccinia virus (VACV) recombinant antigens. Panels of serum samples from individuals with differing Smallpox-vaccine doses and those with prior MPXV infection were tested on these assays, where we observed that one dose of Smallpox vaccination induces a low number of antibodies to a limited number of MPXV antigens but increasing with further vaccination doses. MPXV infection induced similar antibody responses to diverse poxvirus antigens observed in Smallpox-vaccinated individuals. We identify MPXV A27 as a serological marker of MPXV-infection, whilst MPXV M1 (VACV L1) is likely IMVANEX-specific. Here, we demonstrate analogous humoral antigen recognition between both MPXV-infected or Smallpox-vaccinated individuals, with binding to diverse yet core set of poxvirus antigens, providing opportunities for future vaccine (e.g., mRNA) and therapeutic (e.g., mAbs) design.
Tumor-intrinsic expression of the autophagy gene Atg16l1 suppresses anti-tumor immunity in colorectal cancer
Authors: Taraborrelli Lucia , Şenbabaoğlu Yasin , Wang Lifen , Lim Junghyun , Blake Kerrigan , Kljavin Noelyn , Gierke Sarah , Scherl Alexis , Ziai James , McNamara Erin , Owyong Mark , Rao Shilpa , Calviello Aslihan Karabacak , Oreper Daniel , Jhunjhunwala Suchit , Argiles Guillem , Bendell Johanna , Kim Tae Won , Ciardiello Fortunato , Wongchenko Matthew J. , de Sauvage Frederic J. , de Sousa e Melo Felipe , Yan Yibing , West Nathaniel R. , Murthy Aditya 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMicrosatellite-stable colorectal cancer (MSS-CRC) is highly refractory to immunotherapy. Understanding tumor-intrinsic determinants of immunotherapy resistance is critical to improve MSS-CRC patient outcomes. Here, we demonstrate that high tumor expression of the core autophagy gene ATG16L1 is associated with poor clinical response to anti-PD-L1 therapy in KRAS-mutant tumors from IMblaze370 (NCT02788279), a large phase III clinical trial of atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) in advanced metastatic MSS-CRC. Deletion of Atg16l1 in engineered murine colon cancer organoids inhibits tumor growth in primary (colon) and metastatic (liver and lung) niches in syngeneic female hosts, primarily due to increased sensitivity to IFN-γ-mediated immune pressure. ATG16L1 deficiency enhances programmed cell death of colon cancer organoids induced by IFN-γ and TNF, thus increasing their sensitivity to host immunity. In parallel, ATG16L1 deficiency reduces tumor stem-like populations in vivo independently of adaptive immune pressure. This work reveals autophagy as a clinically relevant mechanism of immune evasion and tumor fitness in MSS-CRC and provides a rationale for autophagy inhibition to boost immunotherapy responses in the clinic.
Epitranscriptomic subtyping, visualization, and denoising by global motif visualization
Authors: Liu Jianheng , Huang Tao , Yao Jing , Zhao Tianxuan , Zhang Yusen , Zhang Rui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAdvances in sequencing technologies have empowered epitranscriptomic profiling at the single-base resolution. Putative RNA modification sites identified from a single high-throughput experiment may contain one type of modification deposited by different writers or different types of modifications, along with false positive results because of the challenge of distinguishing signals from noise. However, current tools are insufficient for subtyping, visualization, and denoising these signals. Here, we present iMVP, which is an interactive framework for epitranscriptomic analysis with a nonlinear dimension reduction technique and density-based partition. As exemplified by the analysis of mRNA m5C and ModTect variant data, we show that iMVP allows the identification of previously unknown RNA modification motifs and writers and the discovery of false positives that are undetectable by traditional methods. Using putative m6A/m6Am sites called from 8 profiling approaches, we illustrate that iMVP enables comprehensive comparison of different approaches and advances our understanding of the difference and pattern of true positives and artifacts in these methods. Finally, we demonstrate the ability of iMVP to analyze an extremely large human A-to-I editing dataset that was previously unmanageable. Our work provides a general framework for the visualization and interpretation of epitranscriptomic data.
Efficient agricultural drip irrigation inspired by fig leaf morphology
Authors: Liu Shijie , Zhang Chengqi , Shen Tao , Zhan Zidong , Peng Jia , Yu Cunlong , Jiang Lei , Dong Zhichao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIrrigation is limited by water scarcity. Here, we show how a drip irrigation system inspired by the leaf of the fig tree Ficus religiosa (also known as the bodhi tree) can improve irrigation efficiency. The reverse curvature of the leaf regulates the convergence process of multiple water streams, while its long-tail apex allows for fast water drainage with the droplet separation centroid beyond the leaf apex. We explain why drip frequency increases after the break-up of contact line pinning at the apex tip by using scaling laws for drip volume and analyzing drainage dynamics. We build a drip irrigation emitter inspired by the bodhi leaf apex and compare the germination efficiency of wheat, cotton, and maize under different irrigation modes. These results show that the proposed bodhi-leaf-apex-mimetic (BLAM) drip irrigation can improve water saving while ensuring germination and seedling growth.
Probiotics alleviate constipation and inflammation in late gestating and lactating sows
Authors: Ma Teng , Huang Weiqiang , Li Yalin , Jin Hao , Kwok Lai-Yu , Sun Zhihong , Zhang Heping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractConstipation and systemic inflammation are common in late pregnant and lactating sows, which cause health problems like uteritis, mastitis, dystocia, or even stillbirth, further influencing piglets’ survival and growth. Probiotic supplementation can improve such issues, but the beneficial mechanism of relieving constipation and enhancing gut motility remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanism of probiotic supplementation in drinking water to late pregnant sows on constipation, inflammation, and piglets’ growth performance. Seventy-four sows were randomly allocated to probiotic (n = 36) and control (n = 38) groups. Probiotic treatment significantly relieved sow constipation, enhanced serum IL-4 and IL-10 levels while reducing serum IL-1β, IL-12p40, and TNF-α levels, and increased piglet daily gain and weaning weight. Furthermore, probiotic administration reshaped the sow gut bacteriome and phageome structure/diversity, accompanied by increases in some potentially beneficial bacteria. At 113 days of gestation, the probiotic group was enriched in several gut microbial bioactive metabolites, multiple carbohydrate-active enzymes that degrade pectin and starch, fecal butyrate and acetate, and some serum metabolites involved in vitamin and amino acid metabolism. Our integrated correlation network analysis revealed that the alleviation of constipation and inflammation was associated with changes in the sow gut bacteriome, phageome, bioactive metabolic potential, and metabolism.