bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of in‐hospital cardiac arrest patients admitted to the intensive care unit in Australia: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Veerappa Shilpa , Orosz Judit , Bailey Michael , Pilcher David , Jones Daryl 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn‐hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) affects approximately 3000 patients annually in Australia. Introduction of the National Standard for Deteriorating Patients in 2011 was associated with reduced IHCA‐related intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and reduced in‐hospital mortality of such patients.AimsTo assess whether the reduction in IHCA‐related ICU admissions from hospital wards seen following the implementation of the national standard (baseline period 2013–2014) was sustained over the follow‐up period (2015–2019) in Australia.MethodsA multi‐centre retrospective cohort study to compare the characteristics and outcomes of IHCA admitted to the ICU between baseline and follow‐up periods. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients admitted to ICU from the ward following IHCA. Secondary outcomes included ICU and hospital mortality of IHCA‐related ICU admissions. Data were analysed using hierarchical multivariable logistic regression.ResultsThe proportion of cardiac arrest‐related admissions from the ward was lower in the follow‐up period when compared to baseline (4.1 vs 3.8%; P = 0.04). Such patients had lower illness severity and were more likely to have limitations of medical treatment at admission. However, after adjustment for severity of illness, the likelihood of being admitted to ICU following cardiac arrest on the ward increased in the follow‐up period (odds ratio (OR) 1.13 (1.05–1.22); P = 0.001). Hospital mortality was lower in the follow‐up period (50.3 vs 46.3%; P = 0.02), but after adjustment the likelihood of death did not differ between the periods (OR 1.0 (0.86–1.17); P = 0.98).ConclusionAfter adjustment for the severity of illness, the likelihood of being admitted to ICU after IHCA slightly increased in the follow‐up period.
Civil society organisations in and against the state: Advice, advocacy and activism on the margins of the labour market
Authors: Mustchin Stephen , Johnson Mathew , Lopez‐Andreu Marti 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article contributes to our understanding of the complex role of civil society organisations (CSOs) in tackling precariousness through advice, advocacy and activism. It draws on qualitative data gathered primarily from two local CSOs in the north of England that help clients navigate a highly flexible labour market and an increasingly punitive welfare system. The findings reveal that in marginalised communities, CSOs compensate for retreating state services by providing clients with individual advice and advocacy, but there is little evidence of the grassroots activism observed in labour CSOs in North America. We argue that the uneven tradition of community organising across cities in the UK combined with the complex dependencies of service‐oriented CSOs on state resources has restricted their role to that of labour market intermediaries that serve primarily to integrate clients into low‐wage jobs.
A tooth‐supported titanium mesh bending and positioning module for alveolar bone augmentation and improving accuracy
Authors: Zhang Gaowei , Miao Xinhai , Lin Hongkai , Qi Bo , Wu Yingying 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveGuided bone regeneration with titanium mesh is a commonly used bone augmentation technique. However, deformation and sliding may occur during the installation of titanium mesh, which may lead to poor accuracy of bone augmentation. This article presented three cases, which describe a tooth‐supported titanium mesh bending and positioning module aiming to improve the precision of bone augmentation.Clinical ConsiderationsAfter designing the ideal bone increment volume digitally, print out the difference bone module between the ideal and existing bone mass and one or two wings. The wings are supported by the adjacent teeth to show the ideal bone mass in the patients' mouth. Finally, the titanium mesh is bent and installed in the ideal position by the module.ConclusionsA favorable outcome has been preliminarily confirmed in these cases, the average vertical bone gain was 4.16 mm and the average horizontal gain was 7.48 mm after 6 months. Using the module in the treatment of patients with bone augmentation can effectively improve the accuracy, the maximum deviation was 1.5 mm and the mean was 0.6 mm.Clinical SignificanceThis study improves the bone augmentation technology with titanium mesh. The titanium mesh is fixed in the ideal position, which facilitates subsequent implantation and denture repair.
Navigating the theoretical landscape of loneliness research: How interdisciplinary synergy contributes to further conceptualizations
Authors: Delafontaine Haike , Van Gasse Dries , Mortelmans Dimitri 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite the relevance of loneliness to family scholarship, an attempt to integrate various perspectives on loneliness with relevant insights from loneliness research for understanding contemporary families has not yet been made. Although quantitative researchers have developed measures that have been fruitful in broadening insights about loneliness, they have failed to grasp its multidimensional and dynamic nature. Due to a shift in emphasis from lived experiences to correlational variables, loneliness research has been confronted with two particular problems. First, endeavors to refine previous conceptualizations of loneliness have stagnated. Second, research questions are scattered across a variety of disciplines. This article provides an integrated multidisciplinary theory from which it becomes clear that a family focus is of great importance to all disciplines concerned with loneliness, because opportunities for social interaction, relational standards, and sources of loneliness depend on familial and developmental histories and the cultural orientation of the families in which individuals live.
Why do banks use credit default swaps (CDS)? A systematic review
Authors: Tabassum  , Yameen Mohammad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCredit default swaps (CDS)—the fiercely discussed derivatives instrument since the explosion of the recent global credit crunch—are still subject to considerable theoretical and practical debate. More than a decade after significant developments in CDS literature, we currently lack a holistic understanding of the disparate strands of evidence, synthesizing analytical advancements in the field. We, therefore, conducted a systematic review of 143 publications (peer‐reviewed and first‐tier grey literature), focusing on three key areas: CDS characteristics and development, credit risk hedging, and determinants of CDS use, and performed the first bibliometric mapping for CDS. Our review makes the following contributions. First, measuring CDS characteristics and development gives a snapshot of how CDS remained a significant indicator for hedging corporate lending risk. Second, by mapping the research landscape, we provide insights into banks’ use of CDS; in particular, we show that banks use CDS to obtain capital relief, enhance liquidity and profitability, limit credit supply, and consequently mitigate their NPLs’ level. Moreover, the use of CDS by lenders increases firms’ leverage and value. Leaving a fertile area for debates and future research, the outcomes of this review help provide policy guidance to regulators and financial institutions that make informed decisions to use CDS as a credit risk management instrument.
Insertions and deletions in the hypervariable region of the hepatitis E virus genome in individuals with acute and chronic infection
Authors: Biedermann Paula , Klink Patrycja , Nocke Maximilian K. , Papp Christian‐Patrick , Harms Dominik , Kebelmann Marianne , Thürmer Andrea , Choi Mira , Altmann Britta , Todt Daniel , Hofmann Jörg , Bock Claus‐Thomas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsHepatitis E virus is a major cause of acute hepatitis worldwide and can progress to chronicity in immunocompromised individuals. Various virus–host recombination events have been reported in the hypervariable region of the hepatitis E virus genome, but the patterns of assembly and selection remain unclear.MethodsTo gain further insight into viral evolution, we assessed the presence of low abundance variants in 16 samples from individuals with acute or chronic infection using a targeted next‐generation sequencing approach.ResultsIn seven samples, different variants with insertions and/or deletions were identified. Among them, eight insertions originating either from human genes or from the hepatitis E virus genome. Five different deletions could be identified. The amino acid composition of sequences with insertions showed a higher frequency of lysine and a lower abundance of proline, and additionally acetylation and ubiquitination sites were more frequent than in hepatitis E virus wild‐type sequences.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the nucleotide composition of insertions and sites for post‐translational modification may contribute to recombination events. Although the impact of low‐level hepatitis E virus variants is uncertain, our results highlight the importance of a highly sensitive next‐generation sequencing approach to capture the full diversity of hypervariable region.
Recruiting and engaging adolescents in creating overweight and obesity prevention policies: The CO‐CREATE project
Authors: Bröer Christian , Ayuandini Sherria , Baillergeau Evelyne , Moerman Gerben , Veltkamp Gerlieke , Luszczynska Aleksandra , Budin‐Ljøsne Isabelle , Rito Ana Isabel , Stensdal Maja , Lien Nanna , Klepp Knut‐Inge 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThe CO‐CREATE project aims to collaborate with adolescents across Europe in developing policy ideas that contribute to overweight and obesity prevention. In this paper, we present the theoretical basis and methodological approach to recruitment and engagement in the project. The principles of youth‐led participatory action research were employed to design Youth Alliances in which adolescents and adults could collaborate. These Alliances should serve to promote and support adolescent participation and to develop policy ideas that would contribute to obesity prevention. Alliance members were recruited in two local geographical areas per country with a focus on reaching out to underrepresented youth. We started with fieldwork to assess locally relevant forms of inclusion and exclusion. The methodology entailed a handbook combining existing tools which could be used flexibly, a collaborative organization, and budgets for the alliances. Engagement started in local organizations, that is, schools and scouts, and with peers. Health‐ and overweight‐related challenges were addressed in their immediate surroundings and supported the inclusion of experiential knowledge. Adolescents were then supported to address the wider obesogenic system when designing policy ideas. The CO‐CREATE Alliances provide a concrete example of how to engage youth in public health, in a manner that strives to be participatory, transformative, and inquiry based.
Craniofacial and dental features of Axenfeld‐Rieger syndrome patients with PITX2 mutations
Authors: Arte Sirpa , Pöyhönen Minna , Myllymäki Emmi , Ronkainen Elisa , Rice David P. , Nieminen Pekka 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe aimed to characterize the genetic basis and craniofacial and dental features of Finnish patients with Axenfeld‐Rieger syndrome (ARS). Mutational analyses of seven patients in five families were performed by sequencing or comparative genomic hybridization. Phenotypic analysis was based on both clinical and radiographic examinations, as well as on medical data. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of five patients were analysed using Viewbox 3.1‐Cephalometric Software. The cephalometric values were compared to Finnish population‐standard values of the same age and gender. Two frameshift mutations and three whole gene deletions were detected in five families. Class III skeletal relationship with retrognathic maxilla and mildly retrognathic mandible were detected in all five patients studied. Significant differences compared with the control values were in SNA (P = .0014), ANB (P = .0043) and SNB angles (P = .013). Five patients had anterior crossbite. Six patients showed tooth agenesis. The average number of missing teeth (third molars excluded) was 9 (range 0‐15). The tooth agenesis rate was 52% in maxilla and 26% in mandible. Maxillary central and lateral permanent incisors were most often missing (rate 71% equally) while no one lacked canines or first molars in mandible. Two patients had a supernumerary mandibular permanent incisor. Six patients had either taurodontic and/or single‐rooted molars. Our results suggest that class III skeletal relationship with maxillary and mandibular retrognathism, anterior crossbite, maxillary incisor agenesis and taurodontic, even pyramidal, roots are common determinants of ARS caused by PITX2 mutations.
The acceleration of emotional labor research: Navigating the past and steering toward the future
Authors: Gabriel Allison S. , Diefendorff James M. , Grandey Alicia A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe past four decades of scholarship on emotional labor—the regulation of feelings and expressions performed to fulfill interpersonal work role expectations—has transformed our understanding of the purpose and outcomes of managing emotions at work. In last decade's comprehensive review by Grandey and Gabriel (2015), emotional labor research was described as stalled, with a need for detours around roadblocks related to three areas: (1) conceptualization and measurement of emotional labor; (2) more attention to the why and when emotional labor occurs; and (3) a wider set of performance and well‐being criteria. In our focused review of the most recent decade, we highlight how scholars navigated around the roadblocks, pointing out the remaining speedbumps and calling attention to the ways that research in Personnel Psychology contributed to these new directions. We conclude with a map pointing scholars toward the intersection of emotional labor with three grand challenges for the future of work: employee mental health, diversity and inclusion, and remote/virtual work and novel work arrangements—three topics that are needed extensions of where emotional labor scholarship has previously been. As such, our review builds an open road for the acceleration of emotional labor scholarship.
Phytophthora species cause sudden and severe decline of naturally regenerated European beech (Fagus sylvatica) seedlings
Authors: Jankowiak Robert , Stępniewska Hanna , Bilański Piotr , Taerum Stephen Joshua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNatural tree regeneration is a fundamental process in forest ecosystems ensuring the persistence and resilience of forest stands. Research on natural regeneration of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) in Central European forests has mainly focused on the impacts of abiotic processes, while little is known about the impact of pathogens. The aim of this study was to isolate Phytophthora species and identify the role that they may play in the decline of beech seedlings in Poland. A total of 1192 Phytophthora isolates were obtained from 300 symptomatic beech seedlings (60 seedlings from each of five stands): 638 isolates from seedlings exhibiting above‐ground symptoms and 554 isolates from seedlings that had roots with damping‐off symptoms. Based on morphological and molecular identification, the isolated species were Phytophthora cactorum, P. × cambivora, P. europaea, P. gonapodyides, P. plurivora and P. pseudosyringae. P. cactorum, P. × cambivora, P. europaea and P. plurivora were the most frequently isolated species from both above‐ and below‐ground organs. P. cactorum, P. × cambivora and P. plurivora were the most pathogenic species in the pathogenicity trials and caused 100% seedling mortality within 14 days of inoculation of the above‐ground organs. One single isolate of P. europaea was similarly pathogenic. P. gonapodyides, and P. pseudosyringae induced seedling mortality after inoculation of the cotyledons but not the roots. Our results demonstrate that Phytophthora may play an important role in reduction of naturally regenerated European beech seedlings.
A Novel Approach to Determining the Alactic Time Span in Connection with Assessment of the Maximal Rate of Lactate Accumulation in Elite Track Cyclists
Authors: Dunst Anna Katharina , Hesse Clemens , Feldmann Andri , Holmberg Hans Christer 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Following short-term all-out exercise, the maximal rate of glycolysis is frequently assessed on the basis of the maximal rate of lactate accumulation in the blood. Since the end of the interval without significant accumulation (talac) is 1 of 2 denominators in the calculation employed, accurate determination of this parameter is crucial. Although the very existence and definition of talac, as well as the validity of its determination as time-to-peak power (tPpeak), remain controversial, this parameter plays a key role in anaerobic diagnostics. Here, we describe a novel approach to determination of talac and compare it to the current standard. Methods: Twelve elite track cyclists performed 3 maximal sprints (3, 8, and 12 s) and a high-rate, low-resistance pedaling test on an ergometer with monitoring of crank force and pedaling rate. Before and after each sprint, capillary blood samples were taken for determination of lactate accumulation. Fatigue-free force–velocity and power–velocity profiles were generated. talac was determined as tPpeak and as the time span up to the first systematic deviation from the force–velocity profile (tFf). Results: Accumulation of lactate after the 3-second sprint was significant (0.58 [0.19] mmol L−1; P < .001, d = 1.982). tFf was <3 seconds and tPpeak was ≥3 seconds during all sprints (P < .001, d = − 2.111). Peak power output was lower than maximal power output (P < .001, d = −0.937). Blood lactate accumulation increased linearly with increasing duration of exercise (R2 ≥ .99) and intercepted the x-axis at ∼tFf. Conclusion: Definition of talac as tPpeak can lead to incorrect conclusions. We propose determination of talac based on tFf, the end of the fatigue-free state that may reflect the beginning of blood lactate accumulation.
Planning the Microcycle in Elite Football: To Rest or Not to Rest?
Authors: Buchheit Martin , Settembre Maxime , Hader Karim , McHugh Derek 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: To examine the association between the programming of days off (ie, no pitch training, days off feet) within turnarounds of varying length and injury rate in elite soccer. Methods: Retrospective data from 56 team seasons of players belonging to 18 elite teams performing in top leagues including the English Premier League, Italian Serie A, Bundesliga, Scottish Premiership, Major League Soccer, and the Dutch Eredivisie from January 2018 to December 2021 were analyzed (total of 1578 players, 2865 injuries, 2859 noninternational matches, and 12,939 training-session days). The turnarounds examined lasted from 3 to 8 days. Only injuries with ≥3-day time loss were retained for analysis. The authors then looked at the injury rate within each microcycle in relation to the presence of a day off or not and its programming sequences in relation to the previous match (ie, day off at D + 1 vs D + 2 for the day after the match or the following, respectively). Results: During 3- and 7-day turnarounds, the sequences including the day off feet at D + 2 were associated with 2 to 3 times lower overall noncontact injury rates than the other programming sequences (Cohen d: 0.9–2.7). For the other turnarounds, the differences between the sequences were unclear. Conclusion: The programming of a day off (or at least “off feet”) at D + 2 may be associated with moderately to largely lower incidence of noncontact injuries, especially during 3- and 7-day turnarounds.
Six-Week Joint-Specific Isometric Strength Training Improves Serve Velocity in Young Tennis Players
Authors: Baiget Ernest , Colomar Joshua , Corbi Francisco 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Evaluate the effects of 6 weeks of specific-joint isometric strength training on serve velocity (SV), serve accuracy (SA), and force–time curve variables. Methods: Sixteen young competition tennis players were divided into an intervention (n = 10) or control group (n = 6). SV, SA, maximal voluntary isometric contraction, peak rate of force development, rate of force development, and impulse (IMP) at different time frames while performing a shoulder internal rotation (SHIR) or flexion were tested at weeks 0, 3, and 6. Results: The intervention group showed significant increases in SV from pretest to posttest (7.0%, effect size [ES] = 0.87) and no variations in SA. Moreover, the intervention group showed significant increases from pretest to posttest in shoulder-flexion rate of force development at 150 (30.4%, ES = 2.44), 200 (36.5%, ES = 1.26), and 250 ms (43.7%, ES = 1.67) and in SHIR IMP at 150 (35.7%, ES = 1.18), 200 (33.4%, ES = 1.19), and 250 ms (35.6%, ES = 1.08). Furthermore, significant increases were found in shoulder-flexion rate of force development from intertest to posttest at 150 ms (24.5%, ES = 1.07) and in SHIR IMP at 150 (13.5%, ES = 0.90), 200 (19.1%, ES = 0.98), and 250 ms (27.2%, ES = 1.16). SHIR IMP changes from pretest to intertest were found at 150 ms (25.6%, ES = 1.04). The control group did not show changes in any of the tested variables. Conclusions: Six weeks of upper-limb specific-joint isometric strength training alongside habitual technical–tactical workouts results in significant increases in SV without SA detriment in young tennis players.
Reality Check for High-Performance Football: A Study of Coaching Competences Based on the International Sport Coaching Framework
Authors: Galdino Matheus , Lesch Lara , Wicker Pamela 
Published: January 2023

Theoretically, professional coaches should improve team performance through a sustained, progressive, and structured training and competitive program. Nevertheless, the reality poses different expectations around football activities in Brazil, where coaching spells have lasted on average 65 days during the domestic league season. Adopting the conceptual foundation designed by the International Sport Coaching Framework (ISCF), this research aims to examine the competences perceived to be important for professional football coaches and compare them to the ISCF. This study asks the following research question: what coaching competences are expected and valued in Brazilian football, and how do they compare to the ISCF? Qualitative, semistructured interviews were conducted with 29 head coaches and 30 staff members. A directed content analysis yielded similarities around the ISCF’s functional competences, while also outlining one additional category: deliver short-term winning results. The findings reveal a set of subcategories that support the contextual idiosyncrasies of high-performance football in Brazil. Within their domestic territory, elite coaches must navigate across a puzzle of nonfootball demands to adapt to their social and political reality which apparently ranks short-term game results above the essence of sport coaching practice.