bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Contingent Singing on Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Smith Amy R , Hagan Joseph , Walden Marlene , Brickley Alix , Biard Marial , Rhee Christopher , McIver Patricia , Shoemark Helen , Brand M Colleen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A significant component of care for infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is providing an optimal environment for supporting neurodevelopment and growth. Interventions that support the behavioral and physiologic stability of this population may play an important role in improving overall outcomes. Contingent singing is a music intervention that allows the caregiver to tailor certain musical elements, such as rhythm and tempo, to match behavioral and physiologic cues and support the infant in achieving optimal stabilization. A randomized crossover design was used to study the effect of contingent singing on the behavioral state and physiologic measures compared to standard care practices in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Data were collected on a sample of 37 infants diagnosed with BPD. There were no significant differences in the physiologic measures or behavioral states of infants in the contingent singing sessions compared to control sessions. Parents and staff reported favorable views of music therapy in the NICU, and there were no adverse responses from infants during contingent singing. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of this intervention on the physiologic stability of infants with BPD.
Silenced on social media: the gatekeeping functions of shadowbans in the American Twitterverse
Authors: Jaidka Kokil , Mukerjee Subhayan , Lelkes Yphtach 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlgorithms play a critical role in steering online attention on social media. Many have alleged that algorithms can perpetuate bias. This study audited shadowbanning, where a user or their content is temporarily hidden on Twitter. We repeatedly tested whether a stratified random sample of American Twitter accounts (n ≈ 25,000) had been subject to various forms of shadowbans. We then identified the type of user and tweet characteristics that predict a shadowban. In general, shadowbans are rare. We found that accounts with bot-like behavior were more likely to face shadowbans, while verified accounts were less likely to be shadowbanned. The replies by Twitter accounts that posted offensive tweets and tweets about politics (from both the left and the right) were more likely to be downtiered. The findings have implications for algorithmic accountability and the design of future audit studies of social media platforms.
Dominant species play a leading role in shaping community stability in the northern Tibetan grasslands
Authors: Hou Ge , Shi Peili , Zhou Tiancai , Sun Jian , Zong Ning , Song Minghua , Zhang Xianzhou 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDominant species may strongly influence biotic conditions and interact with other species, and thus are important drivers of community dynamics and ecosystem functioning, particularly in the stressed environment of alpine grasslands. However, the effects of dominant species on the community stability of different ecosystems remain poorly understood. We examined the mechanisms underlying temporal stability (2014–2020 year) of aboveground productivity and community stability in four alpine grasslands (alpine meadow, alpine meadow steppe, alpine steppe and alpine desert steppe) of the northern Tibetan with different species composition and dominance. Our results showed that community stability was significantly higher in the alpine meadow than in the other three types of grasslands. This difference was mainly attributed to the higher compensatory effect and selection effect in the alpine meadows. Furthermore, dominant species strongly affected community stability by increasing dominant species stability and species asynchrony. However, species richness had little effect on community stability. Our findings demonstrate that dominant species, as foundation species, may play leading roles in shaping community stability in the alpine grasslands, highlighting the importance of conserving dominant species for stable ecosystem functioning in these fragile ecosystems under increasing environmental fluctuations.
Investigating paediatric sarcoma management worldwide: a study protocol
Authors: Wong William , Bandyopadhyay Soham , Zuberi Hira , Raza Muhammad R , Koko Abdullahi N , Peter Noel , Lakhoo Kokila 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionCancer is the leading cause of non-accidental death among children worldwide. The most common types of paediatric cancers include sarcomas: a group of cancers that are difficult to manage due to their heterogeneity and lack of defining features. We have designed an international multicentre cohort study to assess the management of paediatric sarcomas at tertiary healthcare centres in Nigeria, Pakistan and the UK.Methods and AnalysisThe centres will screen patient databases to identify eligible patients under the age of 18 with a clinical or histological diagnosis of sarcoma. Data will be extracted from the patient notes through an anonymized form. Patients will be recruited consecutively into the study from January 2015 to January 2021, with a minimum 12-month follow up period. The primary objectives of the study will be to determine all-cause mortality rates at 30 days, 90 days, 12 months and 3 years. Significant differences in mortality rates between countries will be determined using χ2 analysis or Fisher’s exact test. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression will be used to examine the influence of different factors and patient characteristics on outcomes.Ethics and DisseminationAt the host centre, this study was deemed to be exempt from ethical committee approval due to the use of anonymized data. At other centres, participating collaborators have gained local approvals in accordance with institutional ethical regulations. Collaborators will present the data to inform decision makers about how sarcoma management may be improved. The results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
A comparative study of Bianchi versus right upper transverse approach in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Authors: Habib Murad , Raza Rafi , Ahmed Mansoor , Arif Khurrum , Chaudhary Muhammad Amjad 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study is to compare Bianchi supra umbilical curvilinear incision with a right upper transverse incision in patients presenting with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) in terms of level of difficulty faced during the procedure, operative time, postoperative cosmesis, wound infection and wound dehiscence. A prospective comparative study was conducted at the Department of Paediatric Surgery, The Children’s Hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. The total duration of the study was 1 year from 1st March, 2020 to 28th February, 2021. The anticipated sample was minimum of 20 cases in Group A (Bianchi) and 20 cases in Group B (right upper quadrant incision), i.e. total 40 cases of IHPS. All infants up to 12 weeks admitted with the diagnosis of IHPS were added in the study. The study outcome was determined in terms of duration of surgery, wound infection and cosmetic effect after intervention with Bianchi and right upper transverse incision. Age and gender distribution was found equal when compared between study groups with male preponderance. The mean duration of surgery was 47.0 min in Group A, as compared with 32.5 min in Group B. Similarly, hospital stay was found slightly longer in Group A than Group B (5.3 versus 4.8 days, respectively). The level of difficulty while performing the surgery was slightly greater in Group A. The scar was detectable in all 20 (100.0%) patients in Group B compared with only 2 (10.0%) in Group A. Wound dehiscence was found in one (5.0%) patient in Group A, whereas none (0.0%) in Group B had it. The management of IHPS can be safely and successfully done with both Bianchi technique and right upper quadrant incision. The duration of surgery, level of difficulty while performing surgery and postoperative complications like wound infections and dehiscence were slightly more prevalent in Group A, whereas scar was significantly associated with Group B (100.0 versus 10.0%).
Detecting Interviewer Fraud Using Multilevel Models
Authors: Olbrich Lukas , Kosyakova Yuliya , Sakshaug Joseph W , Schwanhäuser Silvia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Interviewer falsification, such as the complete or partial fabrication of interview data, has been shown to substantially affect the results of survey data. In this study, we apply a method to identify falsifying face-to-face interviewers based on the development of their behavior over the survey field period. We postulate four potential falsifier types: steady low-effort falsifiers, steady high-effort falsifiers, learning falsifiers, and sudden falsifiers. Using large-scale survey data from Germany with verified falsifications, we apply multilevel models with interviewer effects on the intercept, scale, and slope of the interview sequence to test whether falsifiers can be detected based on their dynamic behavior. In addition to identifying a rather high-effort falsifier previously detected by the survey organization, the model flagged two additional suspicious interviewers exhibiting learning behavior, who were subsequently classified as deviant by the survey organization. We additionally apply the analysis approach to publicly available cross-national survey data and find multiple interviewers who show behavior consistent with the postulated falsifier types.
Ionization of inner T Tauri star discs: effects ofin situenergetic particles produced by strong magnetic reconnection events
Authors: Brunn V , Marcowith A , Sauty C , Padovani M , Rab Ch , Meskini C 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTMagnetic reconnection is one of the major particle acceleration processes in space and astrophysical plasmas. Low-energy supra-thermal particles emitted by magnetic reconnection are a source of ionization for circumstellar discs, influencing their chemical, thermal, and dynamical evolution. The aim of this work is to propose a first investigation to evaluate how energetic particles can propagate in the circumstellar disc of a T Tauri star and how they affect the ionization rate of the disc plasma. To that end, we have collected experimental and theoretical cross sections for the production of H+, H$_2^+$, and He+ by electrons and protons. Starting from theoretical injection spectra of protons and electrons emitted during magnetic reconnection events, we have calculated the propagated spectra in the circumstellar disc considering the relevant energy loss processes. We have considered fluxes of energetic particles with different spectral indices and different disc magnetic configurations, generated at different positions from the star considering the physical properties of the flares as deduced from the observations obtained by the Chandra Orion Ultra Deep point source catalogue. We have then computed the ionization rates for a disc whose structure has been calculated with the radiation thermo-chemical code prodimo. We find that energetic particles are potentially a very strong source of local ionization with ionization rates exceeding by several orders of magnitude the contribution due to X-rays, stellar energetic particles, and radioactivity in the inner disc.
[C ii] Haloes in ALPINE galaxies: smoking-gun of galactic outflows?
Authors: Pizzati E , Ferrara A , Pallottini A , Sommovigo L , Kohandel M , Carniani S 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
ALMA observations have revealed that many high-redshift galaxies are surrounded by extended (10–15 kpc) [C ii]-emitting haloes that are not predicted by even the most advanced zoom-in simulations. Using a semi-analytical model, in a previous work we suggested that such haloes are produced by starburst-driven, catastrophically cooling outflows. Here, we further improve the model and compare its predictions with data from seven star-forming ($10\lesssim \rm SFR/{\rm M}_{\odot }\, yr^{-1}\lesssim 100$) galaxies at z = 4–6, observed in the ALPINE survey. We find that (a) detected [C ii] haloes are a natural by-product of starburst-driven outflows; (b) the outflow mass loading factors are in the range 4 ≲ η ≲ 7, with higher η values for lower mass, lower star formation rate systems, and scale with stellar mass as $\eta \propto M_*^{-0.43}$, consistently with the momentum-driven hypothesis. Our model suggests that outflows are widespread phenomena in high-z galaxies. However, in low-mass systems the halo extended [C ii] emission is likely too faint to be detected with the current levels of sensitivity.
Collusion sustainability with a capacity-constrained firm
Authors: Madio Leonardo , Pignataro Aldo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We study an infinitely repeated oligopoly game in which firms compete on quantity and one of them is capacity-constrained. We show that collusion sustainability is non-monotonic in the size of the capacity-constrained firm, which has little incentive to deviate from a cartel. We also present conditions for the emergence of a partial cartel, with the capacity-constrained firm being excluded by the large firms or self-excluded. In the latter case, we show under which circumstances the small firm induces a partial conspiracy that is Pareto-dominant. Implications for cartel identification and enforcement are finally discussed.
The Role of Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in the Management of Brucellosis: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Ghanem-Zoubi Nesrin , Kagna Olga , Dabaja-Younis Halima , Atarieh Menas , Nasrallah Elias , Kassis Imad , Keidar Zohar , Paul Mical 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Diagnosis of focal infection in brucellosis is important to direct optimal treatment. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) may be helpful in this aspect.

Methods
The clinical and imaging data of all patients with brucellosis, who underwent FDG PET/CT as part of the investigation in Rambam Health Care Campus, where FDG PET/CT became the recommended imaging modality for suspected focal infection in brucellosis since 2016, were analyzed retrospectively. The detection of focal infection as well as management modification before and after FDG PET/CT were recorded.

Results
FDG PET/CT was performed in 30 episodes of brucellosis occurring in 27 patients: 20 primary episodes and 10 suspected relapse episodes. The mean age of the patients was 50 ± 15.07 years. Focal disease was diagnosed in 18 of 30 (60%) episodes, of which 8 (26.6%) were diagnosed for the first time by FDG PET/CT, all of whom had spinal infection, with a concomitant additional focus in 5. Overall, multifocal disease was diagnosed in 10 of 18 (55.5%) of patients with focal disease. Management modification following FDG PET/CT was recorded in 17 of 30 (56.6%) episodes, mainly by treatment extension in spinal infection and withholding treatment in patients with suspected relapse but no evidence of active disease by FDG PET/CT.

Conclusions
FDG PET/CT was found to be helpful in the diagnosis of focal infection in brucellosis. Multifocal disease seems more prevalent than previously described. The clinical impact of adding FDG PET/CT to the diagnostic workup of brucellosis should be evaluated in future studies.
Efficacy of Telehealth for Movement-Evoked Pain in People With Chronic Achilles Tendinopathy: A Noninferiority Analysis
Authors: Post Andrew A , Rio Ebonie K , Sluka Kathleen A , Moseley G Lorimer , Bayman Emine O , Hall Mederic M , de Cesar Netto Cesar , Wilken Jason M , Danielson Jessica , Chimenti Ruth L 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of physical therapy delivered via an all telehealth or hybrid format with an all in-person format on movement-evoked pain for individuals with chronic Achilles tendinopathy (AT).

Methods
Sixty-six individuals with chronic AT participated (age, 43.4 [SD = 15.4] years; 56% female; body mass index, 29.9 [SD = 7.7] kg/m2). Participants completed all in-person visits from the initiation of recruitment in September 2019 to March 16, 2020 (in-person group). From March 17 to July 15, 2020, participants completed all telehealth visits (telehealth group). From July 16, 2020, to enrollment completion in December 2020, participants could complete visits all in-person, all telehealth, or a combination of in-person and telehealth (hybrid group) based on their preference. A physical therapist provided 6 to 7 visits, including an exercise program and patient education. Noninferiority analyses of the telehealth and hybrid groups compared with the in-person group were completed for the primary outcome of movement-evoked pain during single-limb heel raises.

Results
All groups demonstrated decreases in movement-evoked pain beyond the minimal clinically important difference from baseline to 8 weeks (2 out of 10 on a numeric pain rating scale). Lower bounds of the 95% CIs for mean differences between groups did not surpass the preestablished noninferiority margin (2 out of 10) for movement-evoked pain in both the telehealth and hybrid groups (telehealth vs in-person: 0.45 [−1.1 to 2.0]; hybrid vs in-person: 0.48 [−1.0 to 1.9]).

Conclusion
Individuals with chronic AT who completed a tendon-loading program with patient education through a telehealth or hybrid format had no worse outcomes for pain than those who received the same intervention through in-person visits.

Impact
Physical therapist–directed patient care delivered via telehealth may enhance accessibility to best practice AT rehabilitation, including exercise and education. Use of telehealth technology may also provide an opportunity to prioritize patient preference for physical therapy visit format.

Lay Summary
If you are a patient with chronic AT, physical therapist–directed patient care delivered via telehealth may improve your accessibility to best practice AT rehabilitation, including exercise and education. Use of telehealth technology may also prioritize your preferences regarding the format of the physical therapy visit.
The Consequences of Direct Democracy for the Balance of Power between State and Local Governments in the United States
Authors: Uttermark Matthew J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Contemporary research in American federalism has evaluated the centralizing characteristics of several institutions within state governments—including state statutes, executive orders, and judicial decisions—and has shown that these institutions are generally associated with shifting power away from local governments toward state governments. I expand this discussion by assessing the consequences of direct democracy for the balance of power between state and local governments. In particular, I investigate whether ballot measures are associated with decentralizing power away from state governments toward local governments or rather whether these measures are associated with centralizing power in state governments. Leveraging new data across the history of direct democracy in the United States and coding 945 proposed ballot measures according to their de/centralizing impact on local governments, I find that citizen-initiated ballot measures are neither centralizing nor decentralizing, but legislature-referred ballot measures are decentralizing. I also find that regardless of whether citizens or legislators are responsible for placing measures on the ballot, voters generally provide more support for centralizing ballot measures than decentralizing ballot measures. However, voter support is conditioned on state-level partisanship and ideology.
BEAM MATCHING EVALUATION OF TWO SIMILAR LINEAR ACCELERATORS
Authors: Sistani Soroush , Babaeifar Hamidreza , Khoramian Daryoush , Arani Mahmud Naraqi , Sarvizadeh Mostafa , Kalantari Faraz , Ebrahimi Ali 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo evaluate the beam-matching of two Siemens Primus medical linear accelerators (Linacs), the output factor (Sc,p), wedge factor, quality index (TPR20/10), percentage depth dose (PDD) and beam profiles were compared for 6 and 15 MV photon beams. The output factor, the PDD and the beam profile for electron beam compared for 5, 7, 8, 10 and 12 MeV electron beams. The gamma (γ) analysis of 2 mm/2% and 3 mm/3% was performed. According to the measurements, it can be said that 6 MV photon beams in all field sizes (except 4 × 4 cm2) are beam matched. For 15 MV, although the PDDs were matched in all field sizes (except 4 × 4 cm2) for both 2 mm/2% and 3 mm/3% γ criteria, beam profiles in field sizes larger than 10 × 10 cm2 for 3 mm/3% and in field sizes larger than 8 × 8 cm2 for 2 mm/2% were not matched. The electron beams in all applicator sizes (except 5 × 5 cm2 applicator) pass the acceptance γ criteria of 3 mm/3% (γ &lt; 1). Electron beams do not fulfill beam matched in case of the acceptance γ criteria of 2 mm/2%.
H-mode dithering phase studies on ST40
Authors: Andrew Yasmin , Bland James , Buxton Peter , Dnestrovskij Alexei , Gryaznevich Mikhail , Kim Eun-jin , Romanelli Michele , Sertoli Marco , Thomas Paul , Varje Jari 
Published: January 2023

The dithering H-mode phase, characterized by oscillations, is generally observed at input power values close to the L-H transition power threshold and low plasma collisionalities (low electron density and/or high plasma temperature). Measurements to characterize the dithering phase are presented for the low aspect ratio, high magnetic field tokamak, ST40. The dithering phase oscillation frequency is observed between 400 and 800 Hz and demonstrates an inverse relationship with core plasma density. Dithering phase H-modes are documented across a nonlinear, low-density power threshold operational space, with signature low- and high-density branches. The minimum power threshold for dithering H-mode access is measured at a core, line average electron density of 4.7(±0.5) × 10
19
m
−3
, close to a predicted value of 4.1(±0.4) × 10
19
m
−3
from multi-machine studies. ASTRA calculated values of power coupled to the ion species, at the dithering H-mode transition, exhibit a similar nonlinear dependence on density. This analysis points to the important contribution of the ion thermal channel to the L-H phase transition. The low-frequency plasma density and D-alpha dithers appear to be accompanied by sudden bursts of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activity. A simple model is tested to demonstrate a possible scenario of self-regulation among turbulence, zonal flows, pressure (density) gradient and MHD activities.

This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'H-mode transition and pedestal studies in fusion plasmas'.