bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redox-mediated activation of ATG3 promotes ATG8 lipidation and autophagy progression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Mallén-Ponce Manuel J , Pérez-Pérez María Esther 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Autophagy is one of the main degradative pathways used by eukaryotic organisms to eliminate useless or damaged intracellular material to maintain cellular homeostasis under stress conditions. Mounting evidence indicates a strong interplay between the generation of reactive oxygen species and the activation of autophagy. Although a tight redox regulation of autophagy has been shown in several organisms, including microalgae, the molecular mechanisms underlying this control remain poorly understood. In this study, we have performed an in-depth in vitro and in vivo redox characterization of ATG3, an E2-activating enzyme involved in ATG8 lipidation and autophagosome formation, from 2 evolutionary distant unicellular model organisms: the green microalga Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) and the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our results indicated that ATG3 activity from both organisms is subjected to redox regulation since these proteins require reducing equivalents to transfer ATG8 to the phospholipid phosphatidylethanolamine. We established the catalytic Cys of ATG3 as a redox target in algal and yeast proteins and showed that the oxidoreductase thioredoxin efficiently reduces ATG3. Moreover, in vivo studies revealed that the redox state of ATG3 from Chlamydomonas undergoes profound changes under autophagy-activating stress conditions, such as the absence of photoprotective carotenoids, the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis, or high light irradiance. Thus, our results indicate that the redox-mediated activation of ATG3 regulates ATG8 lipidation under oxidative stress conditions in this model microalga.
The Golden State’s Veiled Dichotomy
Authors: Albin Ray R 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Visions of the West and specifically California as a free domain captivated many Americans leading up to, during, and after the Gold Rush. This perception was a myth that did not mesh with the reality of the blatant slavery and racism that existed there. This dichotomy remained largely veiled since then, only to resurface as recent scholarship revealed that California was not a shining beacon of virtuousness in the mid-nineteenth century.
This article explores the impact of California’s overt tolerance for racism and slavery during its formative years of statehood. The legislated but unjust denial of civil rights to the state’s Black community also impacted its Chinese, Californios, and Indigenous peoples, with the latter group enduring horrific genocide. Their collective struggle for equality in a free state remained entangled in a web of statewide bigotry and White dominance that permeated all three branches of the state government. Interwoven with such inconsistencies is the scandalous development of San Quentin prison, a financial sieve that facilitated the slaveholding lessee’s largely unreported for-profit kidnapping and sale of two Black inmates (one a slave and the other a freeman) in 1855. The active racism, the cases of free and fugitive slaves being returned to their owners under the state’s own unique fugitive slave law, and the abduction of these two Black prisoners echo similar behaviors in slave states. They lay bare the myth of a free California that was, on the contrary, connected to the national slavery conundrum and was not the glowing outpost of freedom often described then in the eastern press and still believed by many, even today. Suffice it to say that the origins of the current reparations movement for California’s eligible Blacks can be traced to the mid-1850s history of California.
Cleft palate and minor metabolic disturbances in a mouse global Arl15 gene knockout
Authors: Bai Ying , Bentley Liz , Ma Chao , Naveenan Navaratnam , Cleak James , Wu Yixing , Simon Michelle M. , Westerberg Henrik , Cañas Ramón Casero , Horner Neil , Pandey Rajesh , Paphiti Keanu , Schulze Ulrike , Mianné Joffrey , Hough Tertius , Teboul Lydia , de Baaij Jeroen H. F. , Cox Roger D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractARL15, a small GTPase protein, was linked to metabolic traits in association studies. We aimed to test the Arl15 gene as a functional candidate for metabolic traits in the mouse. CRISPR/Cas9 germline knockout (KO) of Arl15 showed that homozygotes were postnatal lethal and exhibited a complete cleft palate (CP). Also, decreased cell migration was observed from Arl15 KO mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Metabolic phenotyping of heterozygotes showed that females had reduced fat mass on a chow diet from 14 weeks of age. Mild body composition phenotypes were also observed in heterozygous mice on a high‐fat diet (HFD)/low‐fat diet (LFD). Females on a HFD showed reduced body weight, gonadal fat depot weight and brown adipose tissue (BAT) weight. In contrast, in the LFD group, females showed increased bone mineral density (BMD), while males showed a trend toward reduced BMD. Clinical biochemistry analysis of plasma on HFD showed transient lower adiponectin at 20 weeks of age in females. Urinary and plasma Mg2+ concentrations were not significantly different. Our phenotyping data showed that Arl15 is essential for craniofacial development. Adult metabolic phenotyping revealed potential roles in brown adipose tissue and bone development.
Excimer Laser Phototherapeutic Keratectomy for Anterior Corneal Opacification After Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Vernin Alice , Schrittenlocher Silvia , Matthaei Mario , Roters Sigrid , Siebelmann Sebastian , Bachmann Björn , Schiller Petra , Cursiefen Claus , Schlereth Simona L. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to assess the long-term outcome of excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) for treating remaining anterior corneal opacities after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).

Methods:
This cohort study analyzed 67 eyes of 66 patients undergoing PTK in addition to and after DMEK between 2012 and 2021 at the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne. Patients who were treated by PTK after previous DMEK on the same eye were included. The outcome parameters were best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), changes in refraction, endothelial cell density, corneal densitometry, central corneal thickness, and total corneal higher order aberrations. Patients with visual limitations in addition to anterior opacification were analyzed separately for their visual outcome. Eyes with severe visual limitations that have a very limited visual potential were excluded from the study. In addition, patients with not at least 1 postoperative follow-up examination were excluded from the study.

Results:
In this study, 67 eyes of 66 patients met all inclusion criteria. The median follow-up period was 13.1 (quartiles: 4.1; 30.7; interquartile range 26.6) months. The mean (±SD) BCVA improved from (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) 0.54 (±0.32) to 0.38 (±0.27) at the first postoperative visit (P < 0.001) and remained significantly improved at all follow-up examinations compared with preoperative BCVA. Refraction and endothelial cell density did not change significantly after PTK. There was a significant decrease in corneal backscatter in the anterior corneal layer (P < 0.001), and the total higher order aberration (P = 0.02) and central corneal thickness were significantly reduced at the most recent postoperative visit (P < 0.001). No immune reactions were observed.

Conclusions:
Excimer laser PTK after DMEK for persisting anterior corneal opacities has the potential to significantly improve patients’ vision without affecting refractive parameters or endothelial cell density.
Parent Perceptions of Transitioning From a 6-Bed Pod to a Single Family Room in a Mixed-Room Design NICU
Authors: Crump Laura , Gosselin Emilie , D'Addona Melissa , Feeley Nancy 
Published: September 2023

Background:As some neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) shift toward mixed-room designs, with different room types available throughout family's stays, there is a need to better understand parent perceptions of this transition.Methods:This study used a qualitative descriptive design to describe parent perceptions of transitioning from a 6-bed pod to a single family room in a mixed-room design NICU. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 10 mothers and 7 fathers who were regularly present on the unit before and after the transition. Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted a minimum of 2 days after the transition occurred. Interviews were transcribed and then analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.Findings:Four themes were identified: going into the unknown; approaching the finish line; becoming comfortable in the new reality and seeing the benefits; and gaining autonomy and confidence in parenting.Conclusion:These results further our understanding of the transition process from a 6-bed pod to a single-family room for parents in the NICU. Staff should be sensitized to this experience to provide tailored information and support for parents throughout the transition.
L. barbarum (Lycium barbarum L.) supplementation for lipid profiles in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs
Authors: Zeng Xueyuan , Zhao Weimin , Wang Siming , Xiong Huazhong , Wu Junliang , Ren Jixiang 
Published: September 2023

Background:Dyslipidemia is a global health concern with an increasing prevalence worldwide.Lycium barbarum (L. barbarum) is widely used as a medicinal and functional food, and evidence suggests that it may be beneficial for lipid management. In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials investigating the effects ofL. barbarumsupplementation on lipid profiles in adults.Methods:PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Wanfang Database were searched from inception until October 2022. The random-effect model was applied, and the pooled effect sizes were expressed as mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results:The meta-analysis of 5 randomized controlled trials involving 259 subjects indicated thatL. barbarumsupplementation significantly decreased the triglyceride (TG) concentration (MD: 0.14 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.08–0.20) and increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (HDL-C) (MD: −0.07 mmol/L, 95% CI: −0.13 to −0.01). However, the reductions in total cholesterol (TC) concentration (MD: 0.11 mmol/L, 95% CI: −0.37 to 0.59) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration (MD: 0.21 mmol/L, 95% CI: −0.46 to 0.89) were not statistically significant.Conclusion:The present study showed thatL. barbarumsupplementation might have some beneficial effects on TG and HDL-C concentrations in adults, andL. barbarumfruit has an even greater effect on TG and HDL-C concentrations. Considering the sensitivity analyses and limitations of the study included, further large-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.
The first case report of acute myocardial infarction in young adult caused by scrub typhus
Authors: Chen Yan , Guo Zhenfeng , Wang Li , Cheng Ningchang , Wang Cheng 
Published: September 2023

Rationale:
Scrub typhus is a zoonotic disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, a gram-negative intracellular bacterium and endemic in Asia-Pacific area. Acute myocardial infarction after Oricntia tsutsugamushi infection was rarely reported, and young adult was not reported.

Patient conerns:
A 33-year-old man came to the emergency complained with chest tightness and fever for 4 days.

Diagonoses:
After Weil-Felix agglutination test (titer 1:160) twice, scrub typhus was diagnosed.

Interventions:
After treating with a hormonotherapy, antibiotic and ventilator-assisted ventilation, his chest tightness was mild lessened with normal breath and body temperature. However, an emergent coronary angiography performed unnormal, then a percutaneous coronary intervention was realized with the implantation of a stent.

Outcomes:
After the surgeon, his chest tightness was totally released, and he was discharged.

Lessons:
Our case was the first report of young adult acute myocardial infarction after O tsutsugamushi infection and we tried to figure out the potential mechanism and how to deal with.
Physical Restraint Use in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Haywood Mary , Patel Lina 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Children and adolescents can present to the emergency department with acute agitation and aggression due to various physical and/or mental health conditions. With acute agitation/aggression, these patients may present a risk of injury to themselves, their caregivers, or emergency department providers/staff. It is imperative for providers to understand how to safely care for these children. When initial deescalating interventions fail or an underlying etiology for the behavior change cannot be found, the use of physical restraints may be required. Without proper training or preparation, physical restraints can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Given these potential risks, strict guidelines have been set out by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services and the Joint Commission regarding the use of physical restraints in the pediatric population. This article will review approaches to the acutely agitated/aggressive patient, the appropriate use of physical restraints, and recommended assessment/documentation of restraints in the acutely agitated/aggressive pediatric patient.
Aesthetic Outcomes in Cleft Care: Exploring Patterns in Patient-Reported Outcomes across Adolescence
Authors: Dunworth Kristina , Hernandez J. Andres , Ching Jessica , Golden Brent , Nguyen Phuong D. , Patel Kamlesh , Rogers-Vizena Carolyn R. , Rottgers S. Alex , Allori Alexander C. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
For patients with cleft lip/palate, adolescence is a time of maxillofacial growth and complex psychosocial stressors. The personal significance of facial differences may change, making patient-reported outcomes measures invaluable. In this study, we use several scales from the CLEFT-Q and FACE-Q to explore how aesthetic outcomes differ by age and by gender among patients with unilateral cleft lip/palate.

Methods:
This was a multicenter, cross-sectional study that prospectively collected CLEFT-Q and FACE-Q data across 6 cleft treatment centers during clinical appointments from 2019 to 2022. Subjects were aged 8 to 22 years, with unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate, who had not undergone tertiary operative care (maxillary advancement or septorhinoplasty) at the time of survey response. Data cross-sections were prepared by age (8 to 10, 11 to 13, and 14 years or older), by gender, and by age and gender together.

Results:
Older age groups reported poorer aesthetic outcomes and worse appearance-related distress compared with younger groups. Although male and female subjects reported similar aesthetic outcomes, female subjects reported more appearance-related distress. When considered simultaneously, age and gender appear to have an intersectional impact on perceived aesthetic outcome and appearance-related distress during adolescence.

Conclusions:
This exploratory project suggests that patients with cleft lip/palate may perceive worsening of facial aesthetics throughout the course of adolescence, the exact pattern of which may be dependent on gender. Future work will evaluate this hypothesis using longitudinal cohorts. It will be important to investigate psychosocial factors that may impact these outcomes, and also to quantify the impact of tertiary operative care on these outcomes.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, II.
Improved Early Post-Transplant Outcomes and Organ Use in Kidney Transplant Using Normothermic Regional Perfusion for Donation after Circulatory Death: National Experience in the US
Authors: Merani Shaheed , Urban Marian , Westphal Scott G , Dong James , Miles Clifford D , Maskin Alexander , Hoffman Arika , Langnas Alan N 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
Normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) is a technique that is intended to enhance organ transplant outcomes from donation circulatory death (DCD) donors.

STUDY DESIGN:
A retrospective analysis of data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients was performed. DCD donors were screened for inclusion based on date of donation 2020 or later, and whether the heart was also recovered for transplantation. We grouped donors as either donation after brain death or DCD. DCD donors were further divided into groups including those in which the heart was not recovered for transplant (Non-Heart DCD) and those in which it was, based on recovery technique (thoracoabdominal-NRP [TA-NRP] Heart DCD and Super Rapid Recovery Heart DCD).

RESULTS:
A total of 219 kidney transplant recipients receiving organs from TA-NRP Heart DCD donors were compared to 436 SRR Super Rapid Recovery DCD, 10,630 Super Rapid Recovery non-heart DCD, and 27,820 donations after brain death recipients. Kidney transplant recipients of TA-NRP DCD allografts experienced shorter length of stay, lower rates of delayed graft function, and lower serum creatinine at the time of discharge when compared with recipients of other DCD allografts.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our analysis demonstrates superior early kidney allograft function when TA-NRP is used for DCD organ recovery.
Bacterial Decellularization: Non-Chemical Production of Effective Plant Tissue Bio-Scaffolds
Authors: Rybchyn M.S. , Biazik J. , Nunez A.C. , le Coutre J. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTBio-scaffolds for the cellular agriculture field require to be simple, with low associated costs. Here, a method is described to generate decellularized leaf scaffolds utilizing a simple bacterial process, yielding scaffolds with the capacity to sustain myoblast attachment, growth, and differentiation.To best develop a minimal cost decellularization process, we aimed to design the key steps of the method to be as “low-tech” as possible and not use chemical or thermal processing to produce the cellular scaffold. Decellularized leaves (DCL) from the black walnut tree (Juglans nigra) were successfully produced employing a domestic fish tank with a biological filtration system that supports an active aquatic nitrogen-fixing bacterial population, typically within 3-5 days. Following decellularization, the DCL were devoid of any pulp material as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). DCL produced in this way are an effective cellular scaffold, and the C2C12 myoblast cell line was shown to attach, proliferate and differentiate on DCL and maintain viability up to 3 weeks post-seeding. Differentiated cellular material grew extensively over the DCL veins and larger differentiated cellular structures extended between individual DCL veins.The data presented provide a proof of concept for an inexpensive, simple, and chemical-free method for leaf decellularization, which supports myoblast attachment, growth, and differentiation. The technology provides clear applications for the cellular agriculture field where cost reduction, scalability, and simplification of established laboratory processes, such as bio scaffold production, is a key factor.
Luteibacter sahniisp. nov., a novel yellow-pigmented probiotic bacterium from rice seed microbiome
Authors: Jaiswal Gagandeep , Rana Rekha , Nayak Praveen Kumar , Chouhan Rekha , Gandhi Sumit G. , Patel Hitendra K. , Patil Prabhu B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe genusLuteibacter, a member of the familyRhodanobacteraceae, encompasses Gram-negative bacteria found in diverse environments. In the present study, four yellow-pigmented bacterial isolates designated as PPL193T, PPL201, PPL552, and PPL554 were obtained and identified as Gram-negative, rod-shaped, and motile bacteria. Biochemical characterization and examination of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, derived from the genomic sequence, identified it as belonging to the genusLuteibacter. The isolates are closely related toLuteibacter yeojuensisR2A16-10T, forming a distinct monophyletic lineage withL. aegosomatisKCTC 92392TandL. anthropiCCUG25036T. The calculated values for pairwise ortho Average Nucleotide Identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization in comparison to previously reportedLuteibacterspecies fell below the established thresholds for species delineation. As this novel species was isolated from rice seeds as a potentialXanthomonasdue to its distinctive yellow-colored colonies, we sought to identify the presence of xanthomonadin pigment in this species. Intriguingly, our findings revealed the presence of the typical peak corresponding to xanthomonadin in the UV spectra, confirming its presence in this novel species and adaptation to plant habitat. Furthermore, the detailed genomic investigation also uncovered the genomic locus corresponding to xanthomonadin biosynthetic gene cluster, further suggesting that members of this novel species are co-habitants of plant pathogenic and plant probioticXanthomonasgroup of phytobacteria within rice seeds. Apart from protease production, the species was found to produce Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) in higher quantities and was also able to protect plants fromXanthomonas oryzaepv.oryzae, a major pathogen of rice indicating its probiotic nature. Genome scanning revealed the presence of genomic region(s) encoding loci for biosynthesis of anti-microbial peptides and other metabolites with probiotic properties, further confirming its probiotic properties. This study highlights the importance of using a combination of phenotypic and genotypic methods for bacterial identification and expands our knowledge of the diversity and distribution of diverse bacteria associated with rice seeds and their microbiome.Luteibacter sahniisp. nov. is proposed as a novel species of the genusLuteibacterwith PPL193T=MTCC 13290T=ICMP 24807T=CFBP 9144Tas its type strain and PPL201, PPL552, and PPL554 as other constituent members.
STEM education in England: questioning the “leaky pipeline” metaphor
Authors: Banerjee Pallavi , Graham Luke 
Published: September 2023

PurposeThe skillsets of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) graduates are widely recognised to be important for economic prosperity. At the same time, it is broadly accepted that in England there is a need to increase the number of people studying STEM degree courses and working in STEM. However, despite decades of interventions post-16, STEM participation rates remain lower than projected requirements. Some research reports suggest a lack of positive attitudes towards these subjects and aspirations amongst some social groups. As these debates continue, official reports such as those released by the Department for Education show these patterns from the labour market and higher education (HE) extend to both attainment and participation in science and math in school.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors summarise the authors' findings from the analysis of official reports, policy documents and major research reports focussing on attainment in school science and math and post-compulsory STEM participation.FindingsThe authors identify the problematic ways in which STEM subject choices are made across the student life cycle and then discuss how the leaky pipeline metaphor can be ambiguous and needs to be used with caution.Research limitations/implicationsSome aspects identified here warrant further research and will be of particular interest to researchers, practitioners and policymakers.Originality/valueIn this new report, the authors identify the problematic ways in which STEM subject choices are made across the student life cycle in England and then discuss how the leaky pipeline metaphor can be ambiguous and needs to be used with caution.