bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in gait parameters when crossing real versus projected everyday life obstacles in healthy children and adolescents
Authors: Gröble Sabrina , van Hedel Hubertus J. A. , Keller Jeffrey W. , Ammann-Reiffer Corinne 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPracticing complex everyday life walking activities is challenging in paediatric neurorehabilitation, although it would prepare patients more comprehensively for the requirements of daily life. Floor projections allow simulation and training of such situations in therapy. Twenty healthy youths aged 6–18 years stepped over a tree trunk and balanced over kerbstones in a real and projected condition. Spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters of the two conditions were compared by equivalence analysis, using the medians of the differences between the two conditions with their bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals. Velocity, step and stride length, step width, and single support time were generally equivalent between the two conditions. Knee and hip joint angles and toe clearance decreased substantially during the execution phase of the projected tree trunk condition. The largest differences were found at the end of the execution phase in both tasks for the ankle joints. As spatiotemporal parameters were equivalent between the conditions, floor projections seem suitable to train precise foot placement. However, differences in knee and hip joint kinematics and toe clearance revealed that floor projections are not applicable for obstacles with a vertical extension. Therefore, exercises aiming at knee and hip flexion improvement should favourably be trained with real objects.
Exploring hazard anticipation and stress while driving in light of defensive behavior theory
Authors: Kerautret Laora , Dabic Stephanie , Navarro Jordan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn driving, poor hazard anticipation would provide drivers less time to prepare an appropriate response, increasing the urgency of the situation and generating more stress. Assuming this, the current study seeks to determine whether a predictable road hazard triggers hazard anticipation in drivers that can mitigate the ensuing stress response, and whether the stress response is influenced by driving experience. In a simulated road environment, a cue was used to trigger hazard anticipation, and a road hazard to induce a stress response. Heart rate, pupil diameter, driving speed, subjective stress, arousal, and negative emotions, were retrieved from 36 drivers who all faced the cue followed by the hazard (i.e. a predictable hazard), the cue only, and the hazard only. In the light of work on defensive behaviors, the findings indicate that a predictable hazard triggers hazard anticipation detectable via (1) freezing behavior—characterized by cardiac deceleration—(2) anticipatory pupil dilation and (3) anticipatory speed deceleration. The results also point to a beneficial role for hazard anticipation in reducing driver stress, as evidenced by reductions in peak heart rate levels, as well as in reported levels of stress and negative emotions. Finally, the findings showed an influence of driving experience on reported levels of stress. Overall, this study shows how previous work on defensive behaviors can be used to gain insight into the processes and driving behaviors involved in hazard anticipation and stress.
Edge and modular significance assessment in individual-specific networks
Authors: Melograna Federico , Li Zuqi , Galazzo Gianluca , van Best Niels , Mommers Monique , Penders John , Stella Fabio , Van Steen Kristel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIndividual-specific networks, defined as networks of nodes and connecting edges that are specific to an individual, are promising tools for precision medicine. When such networks are biological, interpretation of functional modules at an individual level becomes possible. An under-investigated problem is relevance or ”significance” assessment of each individual-specific network. This paper proposes novel edge and module significance assessment procedures for weighted and unweighted individual-specific networks. Specifically, we propose a modular Cook’s distance using a method that involves iterative modeling of one edge versus all the others within a module. Two procedures assessing changes between using all individuals and using all individuals but leaving one individual out (LOO) are proposed as well (LOO-ISN, MultiLOO-ISN), relying on empirically derived edges. We compare our proposals to competitors, including adaptions of OPTICS, kNN, and Spoutlier methods, by an extensive simulation study, templated on real-life scenarios for gene co-expression and microbial interaction networks. Results show the advantages of performing modular versus edge-wise significance assessments for individual-specific networks. Furthermore, modular Cook’s distance is among the top performers across all considered simulation settings. Finally, the identification of outlying individuals regarding their individual-specific networks, is meaningful for precision medicine purposes, as confirmed by network analysis of microbiome abundance profiles.
A critical assessment of nanoparticles enhanced phase change materials (NePCMs) for latent heat energy storage applications
Authors: Amidu Muritala Alade , Ali Mohamed , Alkaabi Ahmed K. , Addad Yacine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhase change material (PCM) laden with nanoparticles has been testified as a notable contender to increase the effectiveness of latent heat thermal energy storage (TES) units during charging and discharging modes. In this study, a numerical model is developed and implemented based on the coupling between an advanced two-phase model for the nanoparticles-enhanced PCM (NePCM) and the enthalpy-porosity formulation for the transient behavior of the phase change. Therefore, a porosity source term is added to the nanoparticles transport equation to account for the particles' frozen state in regions occupied by solid PCM. This two-phase model includes three main nanoparticles’ slip mechanisms: Brownian diffusion, thermophoresis diffusion, and sedimentation. A two-dimensional model of a triplex tube heat exchanger is considered and different charging and discharging configurations are analyzed. Compared to pure PCM, results show a substantial heat transfer enhancement during the charging and discharging cycle in which a homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles is considered as the initial condition. For this case, the two-phase model predictions are superior to the ones obtained with the classical single-phase model. In the case of multi-cycle charging and discharging, a significant deterioration of the heat transfer rate is observed using the two-phase model while such assessment is senseless using the single-phase mixture model due to the physical assumptions upon which this model is formulated. The two-phase model results reveal that, for a NePCM with high nanoparticles concentration (> 1%), the melting performance during the second charging cycle is reduced by 50% compared to the first one. This performance degradation is attributed to a noteworthy non-homogeneous distribution of the nanoparticles at the beginning of the second charging cycle. The dominant nanoparticles migration mechanism, in this scenario, is the one resulting from sedimentation effects.
Novel model of cortical–meningeal organoid co-culture system improves human cortical brain organoid cytoarchitecture
Authors: Jalilian Elmira , Shin Su Ryon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHuman cortical organoids (hCOs), derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), provide a platform to interrogate mechanisms of human brain development and diseases in complex three- dimensional tissues. However, current hCO development methods lack important non-neural tissues, such as the surrounding meningeal layer, that have been shown to be essential for normal corticogenesis and brain development. Here, we first generated hCOs from a single rosette to create more homogenous organoids with consistent size around 250 µm by day 5. We then took advantage of a 3D co-culture system to encapsulate brain organoids with a thin layer of meningeal cells from the very early stages of cortical development. Immunostaining analysis was performed to display different cortical layer markers during different stages of development. Real-time monitoring of organoid development using IncuCyte displayed enhanced morphology and increased growth rate over time. We found that meningeal-encapsulated organoids illustrated better laminar organization by exhibiting higher expression of REELIN by Cajal–Retzius neurons. Presence of meningeal cells resulted in a greater expansion of TBR2 intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs), the deep cortical layer (CTIP2) and upper cortical layer (BRN2). Finally, meningeal-encapsulated organoids enhanced outer radial glial and astrocyte formation illustrated by stronger expression of HOPX and GFAP markers, respectively. This study presents a novel 3D co-culture platform to more closely mimic the in vivo cortical brain structure and enable us to better investigating mechanisms underlying the neurodevelopmental disorders during embryonic development.
4-Chlorophenol adsorption from water solutions by activated carbon functionalized with amine groups: response surface method and artificial neural networks
Authors: Tazik Moslem , Dehghani Mohammad Hadi , Yaghmaeian Kamyar , Nazmara Shahrokh , Salari Mehdi , Mahvi Amir Hossein , Nasseri Simin , Soleimani Hamed , Karri Rama Rao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract4-Chlorophenol pollution is a significant environmental concern. In this study, powdered activated carbon modified with amine groups is synthesized and investigated its efficiency in removing 4-chlorophenols from aqueous environments. Response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) were used to investigate the effect of different parameters, including pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and initial 4-chlorophenol concentration, on 4-chlorophenol removal efficiency. The RSM-CCD approach was implemented in R software to design and analyze the experiments. The statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to describe the roles of effecting parameters on response. Isotherm and kinetic studies were done with three Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models and four pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle kinetic models in both linear and non-linear forms. The synthesized adsorbent was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. The results showed that the synthesized modified activated carbon had a maximum adsorption capacity of 316.1 mg/g and exhibited high efficiency in removing 4-chlorophenols. The optimal conditions for the highest removal efficiency were an adsorbent dosage of 0.55 g/L, contact time of 35 min, initial concentration of 4-chlorophenol of 110 mg/L, and pH of 3. The thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. The synthesized adsorbent also showed excellent reusability even after five successive cycles. These findings demonstrate the potential of modified activated carbon as an effective method for removing 4-chlorophenols from aqueous environments and contributing to developing sustainable and efficient water treatment technologies.
Triple critical feature capture network: A triple critical feature capture network for weakly supervised object detection
Authors: Liu Zhoufeng , Wang Kaihua , Li Chunlei , Ding Shunmin , Xi Jiangtao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWeakly supervised object detection (WSOD) is becoming increasingly important for computer vision tasks, as it alleviates the burden of manual annotation. Most WSOD techniques rely on multiple instance learning (MIL), which tends to localise the discriminative parts of salient objects instead of the whole object. In addition, network training is often supervised using simple image‐level annotations, without including object quantities or location information. However, this can lead to ambiguous differentiation of object instances, both in terms of location and semantics. To address these issues, propose an end‐to‐end triple critical feature capture network (TCFCNet) for WSOD is proposed. Specifically, a multi‐task branch, which can perform fully supervised classification and regression task, was integrated with a PCL in an end‐to‐end network for refining object locations in an online method. A cyclic parametric dropblock module (CPDM) was then designed to help the detector focus on the contextual information by using cyclic masking techniques to maximise the removal of the discriminative components of an object instance to alleviate the part domination problem. Finally, a feature decoupling module (FDM) is proposed to further reduce the ambiguous distinction of object instances by adaptively constructing robust critical features that adapt to multi‐task branch for classification and regression tasks, which contains a feature enhancement module and task‐specific polarisation functions. Comprehensive experiments are carried out on the challenging Pascal VOC 2007 and VOC 2012 datasets. The proposed method achieves a 54.6% mAP and a 44.3% mAP on the Pascal VOC 2007 and VOC 2012 datasets respectively, showed that our method outperformed existing mainstream techniques by a considerable margin.
The molecular chemistry of Type Ibc supernovae and diagnostic potential with the James Webb Space Telescope
Authors: Liljegren S. , Jerkstrand A. , Barklem P. S. , Nyman G. , Brady R. , Yurchenko S. N. 
Published: May 2023

Context. A currently unsolved question in supernova (SN) research is the origin of stripped-envelope supernovae (SESNe). Such SNe lack spectral signatures of hydrogen (Type Ib), or hydrogen and helium (Type Ic), indicating that the outer stellar layers have been stripped during their evolution. The mechanism for this is not well understood, and to disentangle the different scenarios’ determination of nucleosynthesis yields from observed spectra can be attempted. However, the interpretation of observations depends on the adopted spectral models. A previously missing ingredient in these is the inclusion of molecular effects, which can be significant.
Aims. We aim to investigate how the molecular chemistry in SESNe affect physical conditions and optical spectra, and produce ro-vibrational emission in the mid-infrared (MIR). We also aim to assess the diagnostic potential of observations of such MIR emission with JWST.
Methods. We coupled a chemical kinetic network including carbon, oxygen, silicon, and sulfur-bearing molecules into the nonlocal thermal equilibrium (NLTE) spectral synthesis code SUMO. We let four species – CO, SiO, SiS, and SO – participate in NLTE cooling of the gas to achieve self-consistency between the molecule formation and the temperature. We applied the new framework to model the spectrum of a Type Ic SN in the 100–600 days time range.
Results. Molecules are predicted to form in SESN ejecta in significant quantities (typical mass 10−3 M⊙) throughout the 100–600 days interval. The impact on the temperature and optical emission depends on the density of the oxygen zones and varies with epoch. For example, the [O I] 6300, 6364 feature can be quenched by molecules from 200 to 450 days depending on density. The MIR predictions show strong emission in the fundamental bands of CO, SiO, and SiS, and in the CO and SiO overtones.
Conclusions. Type Ibc SN ejecta have a rich chemistry and considering the effect of molecules is important for modeling the temperature and atomic emission in the nebular phase. Observations of SESNe with JWST hold promise to provide the first detections of SiS and SO, and to give information on zone masses and densities of the ejecta. Combined optical, near-infrared, and MIR observations can break degeneracies and achieve a more complete picture of the nucleosynthesis, chemistry, and origin of Type Ibc SNe.
Self-consistent propagation of flux ropes in realistic coronal simulations
Authors: Linan L. , Regnault F. , Perri B. , Brchnelova M. , Kuzma B. , Lani A. , Poedts S. , Schmieder B. 
Published: May 2023

Context.The text has been edited to adhere to American English based on the spelling style used in the text. In order to anticipate the geoeffectiveness of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), heliospheric simulations are used to propagate transient structures injected at 0.1 AU. Without direct measurements near the Sun, the properties of these injected CMEs must be derived from models coming from observations or numerical simulations, and thus they contain a lot of uncertainty.Aims.The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the possible use of the new coronal model COCONUT to compute a detailed representation of a numerical CME at 0.1 AU after its injection at the solar surface and propagation in a realistic solar wind, as derived from observed magnetograms.Methods.We present the implementation and propagation of modified Titov-Démoulin flux ropes in the COCONUT 3D magnetohydrodynamics coronal model. Background solar wind was reconstructed in order to model two opposite configurations representing a solar activity maximum and minimum, respectively. Both configurations were derived from magnetograms that were obtained by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory satellite. We tracked the propagation of 24 flux ropes that differ only by their initial magnetic flux. In particular, we investigated the geometry of the flux ropes during the early stages of their propagation as well as the influence of their initial parameters and solar wind configuration on 1D profiles derived at 0.1 AU.Results.At the beginning of the propagation, the shape of the flux ropes varied between simulations during low and high solar activity. We found dynamics that are consistent with the standard CME model, such as pinching of the CME legs and the appearance of post-flare loops. Despite the differences in geometry, the synthetic density and magnetic field time profiles at 0.1 AU are very similar in both solar wind configurations. These profiles are also similar to those observed further in the heliosphere and suggest the presence of a magnetic ejecta composed of the initially implemented flux rope and a sheath ahead of it. Finally, we uncovered relationships between the properties of the magnetic ejecta, such as relationships between density or speed and the initial magnetic flux of our flux ropes.Conclusions.The implementation of the modified Titov-Démoulin flux rope in COCONUT enables us to retrieve the major properties of CMEs at 0.1 AU for any phase of the solar cycle. When combined with heliospheric simulations, COCONUT could lead to more realistic and self-consistent CME evolution models and thus more reliable predictions.
Microstructure and adsorption characteristics of Zr–Co–RE getter films deposited using krypton as sputtering gas
Authors: Zhou Chao , Li Detian , He Yanchun , Ma Zhanji , Yang Lamaocao 
Published: May 2023

The vacuum level in micro-electro-mechanical system devices needs to be achieved and maintained using non-evaporable getter film technology. Zr–Co–RE getter films are deposited by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering using krypton (Kr) as the sputtering gas. The influence of sputtering gas pressure and DC sputtering power on the microstructure and adsorption characteristics of films is investigated. Zr–Co–RE films deposited at different gas pressures all grow in a columnar shape. Films grown at low Kr pressures are relatively dense and have a structure with fewer cracks, whereas high Kr pressures result in a uniform cluster and columnar structure with more gaps and micro-cracks. In addition, it is revealed that DC sputtering power has great influence on the film structure and adsorption performance. The films deposited at low sputtering power contain more micro-cracks, which are distributed uniformly. At high sputtering power, the cluster structure is not obvious. Consequently, high Kr pressures and low sputtering power are beneficial to improve the adsorption performance. Hydrogen adsorption tests are carried out using a special vacuum system, keeping the pressure constant. The highest initial adsorption speed is 89 (ml/s)/cm2, obtained at 4.0 Pa Kr pressure and 300 W sputtering power. Meanwhile, the Zr–Co–RE films deposited under these conditions have excellent adsorption stability.
Geospatial distribution of tertiary hospitals across Australian cities
Authors: Baazeem Mazen , Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc 
Published: May 2023

Objective This study aimed to map the geographic distribution of tertiary hospitals in Australia’s most populous cities. Good access to hospital facilities improves the health and welfare of a community. The use of geographic information system (GIS) technology can assist in understanding spacial accessibility to services. Methods Using Quantum GIS, a geodatabase was constructed to incorporate hospital locations and demographic distribution data throughout Australia’s 20 most populous cities. Data on the population’s age groups were integrated into the geodatabase to investigate the distribution of age groups and their utilisation of access to emergency departments in tertiary public health care. Overall this study reported the geospatial distribution of 89 tertiary hospitals and the demographics of the population in areas around these hospitals. Results The majority of hospitals were located in the three most populated cities of New South Wales (NSW), Sydney, Wollongong and Newcastle, which contain a total of 32 hospitals, with 23 (72%) of the hospitals in Sydney. There were 7.8, 24.0, 53.4 and 81.0% of the population in NSW within 1.5, 3, 6 and 50 km of the hospitals, respectively. The second-highest number of hospitals was in Victoria (n = 22), with 18 (82%) hospitals located in Melbourne. This was followed by Queensland (n = 14), with eight (57%) hospitals located in Brisbane. Conclusions The results indicate that 82.2% of the Australian population lives within a 50 km radius of a tertiary hospital, with NSW having higher age distribution percentages than the other states. The results of this study could be used to locate and improve areas of need with a high burden of disease and low accessibility to healthcare services.
Copper exposure leads to changes in chlorophyll content and secondary metabolite profile in Lantana fucata leaves
Authors: Pivetta Carlise Patrícia , Chitolina Samuel Francisco , Dartora Nessana , Pelegrin Carla Maria Garlet de , Santos Marlei Veiga dos , Cassol Fabiano , Batista Laura Spohr 
Published: May 2023

Cultivation of plants in environments polluted by metals at toxic levels can affect the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Here, we analysed the effect caused by excess copper on the concentration of chlorophylls a and b and the profile of secondary metabolites of Lantana fucata leaves. Five copper (Cu) treatments (mg Cu kg−1 soil) were tested: T0, 0; T1, 210; T2, 420; T3, 630; and T4, 840. We found that the concentrations of chlorophylls in the plants decreased when compared to the control. However, this did not lead to a significant reduction in its growth, possibly due to the low translocation of the metal to shoots and the activation of plant defence systems to tolerate the environment in which they are exposed, increasing the emission of lateral roots and activating pathways for the production of secondary metabolites. Therefore, we found a decrease in the concentration of two key compounds in secondary metabolism, p-coumaric and cinnamic acids in treatments with higher copper concentrations. We also found an increase in phenolics. Decreases in p-coumaric and cinnamic acids may have occurred because these are precursors in the synthesis of phenolic compounds, which are increased in the high Cu treatments. Six secondary metabolites were characterised, described for the first time for this plant species. Thus, the presence of excess Cu in the soil may have triggered an increase in the amount of reactive oxygen species in the plants, which that led to the synthesis of antioxidant compounds, as a defence strategy.