bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Key research development by Prof Mark Reed in molecular electronic devices
Authors: Chen Jia , Lee Takhee , Zhou Chongwu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In memory of Professor Mark Reed, who passed away on May 5, 2021, this article summarizes a series of his past groundbreaking developments in molecular electronic devices. Specifically, three key reports are summarized; measurement of the electrical conductance of molecular junctions using the mechanically controlled break junction technique and demonstration of negative differential resistance and orbital gating effect observed in molecular junctions. Also, a brief outlook on molecular electronics research field is addressed.
Combined effects of nanoparticle size, and nanoparticle and surfactant concentrations on the evaporative kinetics, dried morphologies, and plasmonic property of gold colloidal dispersion droplets
Authors: Zaibudeen A W , Bandyopadhyay Ranjini 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Understanding the combined influence of various parameters on the formation and morphologies of distinct solute deposit patterns obtained after droplet drying is essential for developing numerous real-time applications. In this work, gold nanoparticle (Au-NP) dispersion droplets are dried on a hydrophilic substrate and the coupled effects of nanoparticle size, and nanoparticle and surfactant (CTAB) concentrations on the evaporative kinetics and evaporation-induced nanoparticle assemblies in dried deposit patterns are studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The distinct stages of drying of a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) stabilized Au-NP dispersion droplet, such as the evolutions of pinning, depinning, and a depletion region, change drastically for a combined increase of CTAB concentration and nanoparticle size for different nanoparticle concentrations. Accordingly, the dried pattern is composed of distinct regions of closely bound ordered Au-NP assemblies coexisting with loosely bound disordered packings of Au-NPs that form inside and outside the coffee stain pattern. The multilayers of densely packed and hexagonally arranged Au-NPs at the outer coffee stain edge are tested for surface-enhanced Raman scattering activity against a standard probe molecule (Rhodamine B—RhB). The least detection limit of RhB at the outer coffee stain edge improves by three orders of magnitude with increasing nanoparticle concentrations and nanoparticle sizes. The present study demonstrates that the drying kinetics, distinct dried deposit morphologies, and the limit of plasmonic activity of the deposited Au-NPs can be fine-tuned via a combined variation of CTAB concentration, nanoparticle size, and nanoparticle concentration in the Au-NP dispersion droplet.
A discontinuity-preserving regularization for deep learning-based cardiac image registration
Authors: Lu Jiayi , Jin Renchao , Wang Manyang , Song Enmin , Ma Guangzhi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective. Sliding motion may occur between organs in anatomical regions due to respiratory motion and heart beating. This issue is often neglected in previous studies, resulting in poor image registration performance. A new approach is proposed to handle discontinuity at the boundary and improve registration accuracy. Approach. The proposed discontinuity-preserving regularization (DPR) term can maintain local discontinuities. It leverages the segmentation mask to find organ boundaries and then relaxes the displacement field constraints in these boundary regions. A weakly supervised method using mask dissimilarity loss (MDL) is also proposed. It employs a simple formula to calculate the similarity between the fixed image mask and the deformed moving image mask. These two strategies are added to the loss function during network training to guide the model better to update parameters. Furthermore, during inference time, no segmentation mask information is needed. Main results. Adding the proposed DPR term increases the Dice coefficients by 0.005, 0.009, and 0.081 for three existing registration neural networks CRNet, VoxelMorph, and ViT-V-Net, respectively. It also shows significant improvements in other metrics, including Hausdorff Distance and Average Surface Distance. All quantitative indicator results with MDL have been slightly improved within 1%. After applying these two regularization terms, the generated displacement field is more reasonable at the boundary, and the deformed moving image is closer to the fixed image. Significance. This study demonstrates that the proposed regularization terms can effectively handle discontinuities at the boundaries of organs and improve the accuracy of deep learning-based cardiac image registration methods. Besides, they are generic to be extended to other networks.
Online adaptive planning methods for intensity-modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Qiu Zihang , Olberg Sven , den Hertog Dick , Ajdari Ali , Bortfeld Thomas , Pursley Jennifer 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Online adaptive radiation therapy aims at adapting a patient's treatment plan to their current anatomy to account for inter-fraction variations before daily treatment delivery. As this process needs to be accomplished while the patient is immobilized on the treatment couch, it requires time-efficient adaptive planning methods to generate a quality daily treatment plan rapidly. The conventional planning methods do not meet the time requirement of online adaptive radiation therapy because they often involve excessive human intervention, significantly prolonging the planning phase. This article reviews the planning strategies employed by current commercial online adaptive radiation therapy systems, research on online adaptive planning, and artificial intelligence’s potential application to online adaptive planning.
Entanglement meter: estimation of entanglement with single copy in interferometer
Authors: Kanjilal Som , Pandey Vivek , Pati Arun Kumar 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Efficient certification and quantification of high dimensional entanglement of composite systems are challenging both theoretically as well as experimentally. Here, we demonstrate how to measure the linear entropy, negativity and the Schmidt number of bipartite systems from the visibility of Mach–Zehnder interferometer using single copies of the quantum state. Our result shows that for any two qubit pure bipartite state, the interference visibility is a direct measure of entanglement. We also propose how to measure the mutual predictability experimentally from the intensity patterns of the interferometric set-up without having to resort to local measurements of mutually unbiased bases. Furthermore, we show that the entanglement witness operator can be measured in a interference setup and the phase shift is sensitive to the separable or entangled nature of the state. Our proposal bring out the power of Interferometric set-up in entanglement detection of pure and several mixed states which paves the way towards design of entanglement meter.
Simultaneous stabilization and control of the n = 1 and n = 2 resistive wall mode
Authors: Battey A.F. , Hanson J.M. , Bialek J. , Turco F. , Navratil G.A. , Logan N.C. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
DIII-D experiments demonstrate simultaneous stability measurements and control of resistive wall modes (RWMs) with toroidal mode numbers n = 1 and n = 2. RWMs with n > 1 are sometimes observed on DIII-D following the successful feedback stabilization of the n = 1 mode, motivating the development of multi-n control. A new model-based multi-mode feedback algorithm based on the VALEN physics code has been implemented on the DIII-D tokamak using a real-time GPU installed directly into the DIII-D plasma control system. In addition to stabilizing RWMs, the feedback seeks to control the stable plasma error field response, enabling compensation of the typically unaddressed DIII-D n = 2 error field component. Experiments recently demonstrated this algorithm’s ability to simultaneously control n = 1 and n = 2 perturbed fields for the first time in a tokamak, using reactor relevant external coils. Control was maintained for hundreds of wall-times above the n = 1 no-wall pressure limit and approaching the n = 1 and n = 2 ideal-wall limits. Furthermore, a rotating non-zero target was set for the feedback, allowing stability to be assessed by monitoring the rotating plasma response (PR) while maintaining control. This novel technique can be viewed as a closed-loop extension of active MHD spectroscopy, which has been used to validate stability models through comparisons of the PR to applied, open-loop perturbations. The closed-loop response measurements are consistent with open-loop MHD spectroscopy data over a wide range of β

N
approaching the n = 1 ideal-wall limit. These PR measurements were then fit to produce both VALEN and single-mode stability models. These models allowed for important plasma stability information to be determined and have been shown to agree with experimentally observed RWM growth rates.
Effectiveness of Volbella (VYC-15L) for Infraorbital Hollowing: Patient-Reported Outcomes From a Prospective, Multicenter, Single-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Study
Authors: Fabi Sabrina , Zoumalan Christopher , Fagien Steven , Downie Jeanine , Yoelin Steven , Sartor Marta , Chawla Smita 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Infraorbital hollowing can be addressed with hyaluronic acid soft tissue fillers. A prospective, multicenter, evaluator-blinded, randomized, controlled study (NCT03418545) demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of Juvéderm Volbella XC (VYC-15L, Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie company, Irvine, CA) in adults seeking correction for infraorbital hollows.

Objective
The objective of the current analysis was to examine patient-reported outcomes from the clinical study.

Methods
Participants were randomly assigned 3:1 to the VYC-15L treatment group or the no-treatment control group. Outcome measurements included: evaluating investigator (EI)- and participant-assessed Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) scores, as well as participant responses to the FACE-Q Appraisal of Lower Eyelids, questions on treatment satisfaction, the extent to which patients were bothered by dark circles under their eyes, and willingness to recommend treatment to a friend.

Results
The modified intent-to-treat population included 135 participants (median age, 47 years; 91.9% female). At Month 3, the majority of VYC-15L-treated participants showed improvements in the EI- and participant-assessed GAIS. The mean change from baseline to Month 3 score (32.7% increase) showed statistically significant improvement (mean [standard deviation], 17.8 [19.8], P &lt; .0001). At Months 3 and 12 posttreatment, most VYC-15L-treated participants reported feeling satisfied with treatment and not feeling moderately or very bothered by dark circles under their eyes, and would recommend treatment to a friend.

Conclusions
The current analysis demonstrated the effectiveness of VYC-15L treatment to reduce infraorbital hollowing and to improve overall satisfaction based on validated patient-reported outcomes. Participant-assessed improvements aligned with EI-assessed outcomes and lasted for 1 year.

Level of Evidence: 2
Neither random nor censored: estimating intensity-dependent probabilities for missing values in label-free proteomics
Authors: Li Mengbo , Smyth Gordon K 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Mass spectrometry proteomics is a powerful tool in biomedical research but its usefulness is limited by the frequent occurrence of missing values in peptides that cannot be reliably quantified (detected) for particular samples. Many analysis strategies have been proposed for missing values where the discussion often focuses on distinguishing whether values are missing completely at random (MCAR), missing at random (MAR) or missing not at random (MNAR).

Results
Statistical models and algorithms are proposed for estimating the detection probabilities and for evaluating how much statistical information can or cannot be recovered from the missing value pattern. The probability that an intensity is detected is shown to be accurately modeled as a logit-linear function of the underlying intensity, showing that missing value process is intermediate between MAR and censoring. The detection probability asymptotes to 100% for high intensities, showing that missing values unrelated to intensity are rare. The rule applies globally to each dataset and is appropriate for both high and lowly expressed peptides. A probability model is developed that allows the distribution of unobserved intensities to be inferred from the observed values. The detection probability model is incorporated into a likelihood-based approach for assessing differential expression and successfully recovers statistical power compared to omitting the missing values from the analysis. In contrast, imputation methods are shown to perform poorly, either reducing statistical power or increasing the false discovery rate to unacceptable levels.

Availability and implementation
Data and code to reproduce the results shown in this article are available from https://mengbo-li.github.io/protDP/.
Utility of Differential Time to Positivity in Diagnosing Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dhaliwal Manreet , Daneman Nick 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Differential time to positivity (DTP), defined as pathogen growth at least 2 hours earlier from catheter versus paired peripheral blood cultures, is sometimes used to diagnose central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). Previous studies assessing DTP, however, have been small, provided conflicting results, and did not assess heterogeneity across important subgroups.

Methods
We systematically reviewed the diagnostic characteristics of DTP for CLABSI using MEDLINE, Embase, WoS, CINAHL, LILACS, AMED, and the Cochrane database. Studies were included if they reported sensitivities, specificities, predictive values, likelihood ratios, or 2 × 2 tables of DTP for diagnosing CLABSI. Extracted data were analyzed by using forest plots, bivariate model meta-analysis, and QUADAS-2 quality assessment.

Results
We identified 274 records, of which 23 met the criteria for meta-analysis. Among 2526 suspected CLABSIs, DTP demonstrated a summary sensitivity of 81.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 72.8%–87.7%), specificity of 91.8% (95% CI: 84.5%–95.8%), positive likelihood ratio of 9.89 (95% CI: 5.14–19.00), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.20 (95% CI: .14–.30). Covariate analysis based on catheter duration, study design, and patient immune status demonstrated no significant differences. However, DTP performed worse for Staphylococcus aureus (low sensitivity but high specificity) and Candida (high sensitivity but low specificity) compared to other organisms.

Conclusions
DTP performs well in ruling CLABSIs in or out. Obtaining paired catheter and peripheral blood cultures for DTP when the infectious source is unclear may prevent unnecessary line removal and diagnostic tests. However, this must be balanced against higher contamination rates from catheter cultures.
Cost-effectiveness of an inpatient nurse practitioner in heart failure
Authors: Driscoll Andrea , Watts Jennifer J , Meagher Sharon , Kennedy Rhoda , Mar Ronald , Johnson Doug , Hare David L , Faourque Omar , Gao Lan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aims
Heart failure (HF) nurse practitioners (NPs) are an important part of the HF specialist team, and their impact on the cost-effectiveness of their role is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the cost-effectiveness of a HF NP inpatient service compared with current practice of no HF NP service from a health system perspective at 12 months and 3 years.

Methods and results
We developed a Markov model to estimate costs, effects, and cost-effectiveness for hospitalized HF patients and seen by a HF NP service compared with usual care at 12 months and 3 years. Costs and effects were taken from a retrospective observational cohort study. Transition probabilities and utilities were derived from published studies. A total of 500 patients were included (250 patients in the HF NP service vs. 250 patients in usual care). Average age was 77.7 ± 11 years, and 54% were male. At 12 months, the HF NP group was cheaper and more effective compared with no HF NP [$23 031 vs. $25 111 (AUD), respectively; quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were 0.68 in HF NP group compared with 0.66 in usual care]. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio showed a savings of $109 474 per QALY gained at 12 months and a savings of $270 667 per QALY gained at 3 years in favour of the HF NP service.

Conclusion
The HF NP service was cost-effective with lower costs and higher QALYs compared with no HF NP service. Economic evaluations alongside randomized controlled trials are warranted.
This population does not exist: learning the distribution of evolutionary histories with generative adversarial networks
Authors: Booker William W , Ray Dylan D , Schrider Daniel R 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Numerous studies over the last decade have demonstrated the utility of machine learning methods when applied to population genetic tasks. More recent studies show the potential of deep-learning methods in particular, which allow researchers to approach problems without making prior assumptions about how the data should be summarized or manipulated, instead learning their own internal representation of the data in an attempt to maximize inferential accuracy. One type of deep neural network, called Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), can even be used to generate new data, and this approach has been used to create individual artificial human genomes free from privacy concerns. In this study, we further explore the application of GANs in population genetics by designing and training a network to learn the statistical distribution of population genetic alignments (i.e. data sets consisting of sequences from an entire population sample) under several diverse evolutionary histories—the first GAN capable of performing this task. After testing multiple different neural network architectures, we report the results of a fully differentiable Deep-Convolutional Wasserstein GAN with gradient penalty that is capable of generating artificial examples of population genetic alignments that successfully mimic key aspects of the training data, including the site-frequency spectrum, differentiation between populations, and patterns of linkage disequilibrium. We demonstrate consistent training success across various evolutionary models, including models of panmictic and subdivided populations, populations at equilibrium and experiencing changes in size, and populations experiencing either no selection or positive selection of various strengths, all without the need for extensive hyperparameter tuning. Overall, our findings highlight the ability of GANs to learn and mimic population genetic data and suggest future areas where this work can be applied in population genetics research that we discuss herein.
Defining sustainable and precautionary harvest rates for data-limited short-lived stocks: a case study of sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in the English Channel
Authors: Walker N D , Ouréns R , Ball J E , van der Kooij J , Uriarte A , White J , Carpi P , Schuchert P , Nash R D M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Empirical harvest control rules set catch advice based on observed indicators and are increasingly being used worldwide to manage fish stocks that lack formal assessments of stock and exploitation status. Within the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, trend-based rules that adjust advice according to recent survey observations have been adopted; however, there is increasing evidence that such rules do not work well for short-lived pelagic species that can exhibit large inter-annual fluctuations in stock size. Constant harvest rates, removing a fixed proportion of observed biomass index, have been proposed as a suitable strategy for managing short-lived species. Unknown survey catchability has, however, remained a barrier to reliance on their application on these stocks in the past. We apply simulation testing to define a robust, sustainable constant harvest rate for a data-limited short-lived stock, using the English Channel sprat as a case study. By conditioning a management strategy evaluation framework based on existing and borrowed life-history parameters and precautionary considerations, we test and show that a constant harvest rate outperforms trend-based catch rules, maximizing yields while reducing risks of stock overexploitation, and conclude an 8.6% constant harvest rate provides sufficiently precautionary catch advice for this stock.
Effects of warming and fishing on Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) size structure in the Mid-Atlantic rotationally closed areas
Authors: Zang Z , Ji R , Hart D R , Jin D , Chen C , Liu Y , Davis C S 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Atlantic sea scallop supports one of the most lucrative fisheries on the Northeast U.S. shelf. Understanding the interannual variability of sea scallop size structure and associated drivers is critically important for projecting the response of population dynamics to climate change and designing coherent fishery management strategies. In this study, we constructed time series of sea scallop size structures in three rotationally closed areas in the Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) and decomposed their total variances using the variance partitioning method. The results suggested that the interannual variances in sea scallop size structures were associated more with thermal stress in regions shallower than 60 m but more with fishing mortality in regions deeper than 60 m. The percentages of small (large) size groups increased (decreased) with elevated thermal stress and fishing pressure. We adopted a scope for growth model to build a mechanistic link between temperature and sea scallop size. Model results suggested a gradual decrease in maximum shell height and habitat contraction under warming. This study quantified the relative contributions of thermal stress and fishing mortality to the variance of scallop size structure and discussed the need for adaptive management plans to mitigate potential socioeconomic impacts caused by size structure changes.
Is Africa on Track to Ending Poverty by 2030?
Authors: Fofana Ismael , Chitiga-Mabugu Margaret , Mabugu Ramos Emmanuel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProgress in poverty reduction has been slow for the Sub-Saharan Africa region which faces serious challenges in addressing inclusive growth. This study assesses the income growth requirements to achieve the sustainable development goals on poverty for given income inequality performances in African countries. The assessment is based on a microeconomic approach and survey data for the countries. Results reveal that, given their current income growth and inequality performances, more than half (55%) of the African countries are off track to halving poverty between 2015 and 2030. Therefore, under the current inequality reduction performances, African countries should strive to deliver higher income growth results, above 6% annual gross domestic product on average, to be on track to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals target of halving poverty between 2015 and 2030.
Intergenerational Mobility and the Growth–Inequality–Poverty Nexus in Africa
Authors: Ebeke Christian H 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper examines to what extent intergenerational mobility shapes both the impact of income inequality on growth as well as the effect that growth has on poverty and on income inequality in Africa. Thanks to newly available and internationally comparable data on intergenerational elasticities of income and education, we confirm the detrimental role played by higher inequality of opportunity as measured by intergenerational mobility. The study concludes that neglecting to address the root causes of inequality of opportunity can be socially and economically very costly.