bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A planning strategy may reduce the risk of heart diseases and radiation pneumonia: Avoiding the specific heart substructures
Authors: Feng AiHui , Duan YanHua , Yang ZhangRu , Shao Yan , Wang Hao , Chen Hua , Gu HengLe , Huang Ying , Shen ZhenJiong , Wang Xufei , Xu ZhiYong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundDose to heart substructures is a better predictor for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) than mean heart dose (MHD). We propose an avoidance planning strategy for important cardiac substructures.Material and methodsTwo plans, clinical and cardiac substructure‐avoidance plan, were generated for twenty patients. Five dose‐sensitive substructures, including left ventricle, pulmonary artery, left anterior descending branch, left circumflex branch and the coronary artery were chosen. The avoidance plan aims to meet the target criteria and organ‐at‐risk (OARs) constraints while minimizing the dose parameters of the above five substructures. The dosimetric assessments included the mean dose and the maximum dose of cardiac substructures and several volume parameters. In addition, we also evaluated the relative risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), chronic heart failure (CHF), and radiation pneumonia (RP).ResultsPearson correlation coefficient and R2 value of linear regression fitting demonstrated that MHD had poor prediction ability for the mean dose of the cardiac substructures. Compared to clinical plans, an avoidance plan is able to statistically significantly decrease the dose to key substructures. Meanwhile, the dose to OARs and the coverage of the target are comparable in the two plans. In addition, it can be observed that the avoidance plan statistically decreases the relative risks of CAD, CHF, and RP.ConclusionsThe substructure‐avoidance planning strategy that incorporates the cardiac substructures into optimization process, can protect the important heart substructures, such as left ventricle, left anterior descending branch and pulmonary artery, achieving the substantive sparing of dose‐sensitive cardiac structures, and have the potential to decrease the relative risks of CAD, CHF, and RP.
Lineup size influences voice identification accuracy
Authors: Harvey Madison B. , Giroux Megan , Price Heather L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe investigated the effects of lineup size, target presence, and target sex on voice identification accuracy. In Study 1, participants identified a female target from 1‐, 6‐, or 10‐voice target present or target absent lineups. Results demonstrated increasing accuracy with smaller target absent lineups. One‐voice lineups led to higher rates of innocent suspect identifications than 10‐voice lineups. In Study 2, participants identified a male or female target from 1‐, 6‐, or 10‐voice target present or target absent lineups. Results revealed increased correct identifications in 1‐ and 6‐voice and increased innocent suspect identifications in 1‐voice lineups, compared to 10‐voice lineups. Female lineups resulted in higher accuracy in target present lineups yet increased rates of innocent suspect identifications. Our findings indicate 1‐voice lineups result in both increased accuracy and increased innocent suspect identifications, a trade‐off which may not be advisable. Future research should further explore the impact of multi‐voice lineups on accuracy.
Strain‐Valley Coupling in 2D Antiferromagnetic Lattice
Authors: Liu Yibo , Feng Yangyang , Zhang Ting , He Zhonglin , Dai Ying , Huang Baibiao , Ma Yandong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn recent years, 2D valley physics has attracted tremendous attention in both fundamental research and device applications. The search for a coupling valley with exotic physical properties can enable the exploration of novel quantum devices and is therefore of significant interest. Here, using model analysis, a novel mechanism is proposed that realizes strong coupling between strain and valley physics in a 2D antiferromagnetic honeycomb lattice in a controllable fashion. This idea is to modulate the exchange interactions through strain, thereby mediating the inversion and time‐reversal symmetries. As valley physics are connected with the symmetries, this enables a strong strain‐valley coupling. On the basis of first‐principles calculations, the validity of this mechanism is further demonstrated in a series of single‐layer systems, i.e., AuCl3, CrI3, and VPTe3, which are predicted to host valley polarization and anomalous valley Hall effect. The change in bonding angle is found to play a crucial role in mediating the exchange interaction and thus the strain‐valley coupling process. The microscopic origin is also discussed. These explored phenomena and insights greatly enrich the valley physics and 2D materials research.
Hapten/Myristoyl Functionalized Poly(propyleneimine) Dendrimers as Potent Cell Surface Recruiters of Antibodies for Mediating Innate Immune Killing
Authors: Uvyn Annemiek , Vleugels Marle Elisabeth Jacqueline , de Waal Bas , Hamouda Ahmed Emad Ibrahim , Dhiman Shikha , Louage Benoit , Albertazzi Lorenzo , Laoui Damya , Meijer E. W. , De Geest Bruno G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecruiting endogenous antibodies to the surface of cancer cells using antibody‐recruiting molecules has the potential to unleash innate immune effector killing mechanisms against antibody‐bound cancer cells. The affinity of endogenous antibodies is relatively low, and many currently explored antibody‐recruiting strategies rely on targeting over‐expressed receptors, which have not yet been identified in most solid tumors. Here, both challenges are addressed by functionalizing poly(propyleneimine) (PPI) dendrimers with both multiple dinitrophenyl (DNP) motifs, as anti‐hapten antibody‐recruiting motifs, and myristoyl motifs, as universal phospholipid cell membrane anchoring motifs, to recruit anti‐hapten antibodies to cell surfaces. By exploiting the multivalency of the ligand exposure on the dendrimer scaffold, it is demonstrated that dendrimers featuring ten myristoyl and six DNP motifs exhibit the highest antibody‐recruiting capacity in vitro. Furthermore, it is shown that treating cancer cells with these dendrimers in vitro marks them for phagocytosis by macrophages in the presence of anti‐hapten antibodies. As a proof‐of‐concept, it is shown that intratumoral injection of these dendrimers in vivo in tumor‐bearing mice results in the recruitment of anti‐DNP antibodies to the cell surface in the tumor microenvironment. These findings highlight the potential of dendrimers as a promising class of novel antibody‐recruiting molecules for use in cancer immunotherapy.
Genetically Encoded Oligomerization for Protein‐Based Lighting Devices
Authors: Patrian Marta , Nieddu Mattia , Banda‐Vázquez Jesús A. , Gutierrez‐Armayor David , González‐Gaitano Gustavo , Fuenzalida‐Werner Juan Pablo , Costa Rubén D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractImplementing proteins in optoelectronics represents a fresh idea toward a sustainable new class of materials with bio‐functions that can replace environmentally unfriendly and/or toxic components without losing device performance. However, their native activity (fluorescence, catalysis, and so on) is easily lost under device fabrication/operation as non‐native environments (organic solvents, organic/inorganic interfaces, and so on) and severe stress (temperature, irradiation, and so on) are involved. Herein, a gift bow genetically‐encoded macro‐oligomerization strategy is showcased to promote protein–protein solid interaction enabling i) high versatility with arbitrary proteins, ii) straightforward electrostatic driven control of the macro‐oligomer size by ionic strength, and iii) stabilities over months in pure organic solvents and stress scenarios, allowing to integrate them into classical water‐free polymer‐based materials/components for optoelectronics. Indeed, rainbow‐/white‐emitting protein‐based light‐emitting diodes are fabricated, attesting a first‐class performance compared to those with their respective native proteins: significantly enhanced device stabilities from a few minutes up to 100 h keeping device efficiency at high power driving conditions. Thus, the oligomerization concept is a solid bridge between biological systems and materials/components to meet expectations in bio‐optoelectronics, in general, and lighting schemes, in particular.
Unmasking Chemokine‐Inducing Specificity in Oligosaccharide Biomaterial to Promote Hair Growth
Authors: Yin Xiaoyu , Wang Lintao , Niu Yiming , Xie Daping , Zhang Qingwen , Xiao Jian , Dong Lei , Wang Chunming 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHair loss affects over 50 million people worldwide with limited therapeutic options. Despite evidence highlighting the vital role of local immune cells in regulating the life cycle of hair follicles (HFs), accurate regulation of immunocytes to directly promote hair growth remains unachieved. Here, inspired by the physiological feedback in the skin immunity to suppress microbe‐triggered inflammation, an oligosaccharide biomaterial with “unmasked” specific activity is developed to recruit regulatory T (Treg) cells around HFs, leading to accelerated hair growth in mice. By processing the glucomannan polysaccharide via controllable enzymatic cleavage, a series of oligosaccharide fractions with more specific chemokine‐inducing functions is obtained. Notably, a hexasaccharide‐based fraction (OG6) stimulates macrophages to selectively express Treg‐chemoattractant C‐C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 (CCL5) through a mannose receptor‐mediated endocytosis and NOD1/2‐dependent signaling, as evidenced by molecular docking, inhibition assays, and a Foxp3‐reporter mouse model. Intradermal delivery of OG6 to the depilated mouse skin promotes Treg mobilization around HFs and stimulates de novo regeneration of robust hairs. This study demonstrates that unmasking precise immunomodulatory functions in oligosaccharides from their parental polysaccharide can potentially solve the long‐lasting dilemma with polysaccharide biomaterials that are widely renowned for versatile activities yet high heterogeneity, opening new avenues to designing glycan‐based therapeutic tools with improved specificity and safety.
Synchronous and Fully Steerable Active Particle Systems for Enhanced Mimicking of Collective Motion in Nature
Authors: Chen Zhihan , Ding Hongru , Kollipara Pavana Siddhartha , Li Jingang , Zheng Yuebing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe collective motion observed in living active matter, such as fish schools and bird flocks, is characterized by its dynamic and complex nature, involving various moving states and transitions. By tailoring physical interactions or incorporating information exchange capabilities, inanimate active particles can exhibit similar behavior. However, the lack of synchronous and arbitrary control over individual particles hinders their use as a test system for the study of more intricate collective motions in living species. Herein, a novel optical feedback control system that enables the mimicry of collective motion observed in living objects using active particles is proposed. This system allows for the experimental investigation of the velocity alignment, a seminal model of collective motion (known as the Vicsek model), in a microscale perturbed environment with controllable and realistic conditions. The spontaneous formation of different moving states and dynamic transitions between these states is observed. Additionally, the high robustness of the active‐particle group at the critical density under the influence of different perturbations is quantitatively validated. These findings support the effectiveness of velocity alignment in real perturbed environments, thereby providing a versatile platform for fundamental studies on collective motion and the development of innovative swarm microrobotics.
The Electrical Behaviors of Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline Optoelectronic Materials
Authors: Gao Zheng , Leng Chongqian , Zhao Hongquan , Wei Xingzhan , Shi Haofei , Xiao Zeyun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPolycrystalline optoelectronic materials are widely used for photoelectric signal conversion and energy harvesting and play an irreplaceable role in the semiconductor field. As an important factor in determining the optoelectronic properties of polycrystalline materials, grain boundaries (GBs) are the focus of research. Particular emphases are placed on the generation and height of GB barriers, how carriers move at GBs, whether GBs act as carrier transport channels or recombination sites, and how to change the device performance by altering the electrical behaviors of GBs. This review introduces the evolution of GB theory and experimental observation history, classifies GB electrical behaviors from the perspective of carrier dynamics, and summarizes carrier transport state under external conditions such as bias and illumination and the related band bending. Then the carrier scattering at GBs and the electrical differences between GBs and twin boundaries are discussed. Last, the review describes how the electrical behaviors of GBs can be influenced and modified by treatments such as passivation or by consciously adjusting the distribution of grain boundary elements. By studying the carrier dynamics and the relevant electrical behaviors of GBs in polycrystalline materials, researchers can develop optoelectronics with higher performance.
Spin–Orbit Torques and Spin Hall Magnetoresistance Generated by Twin‐Free and Amorphous Bi0.9Sb0.1 Topological Insulator Films
Authors: Binda Federico , Fedel Stefano , Alvarado Santos Francisco , Noël Paul , Gambardella Pietro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTopological insulators have attracted great interest as generators of spin–orbit torques (SOTs) in spintronic devices. Bi1−xSbx is a prominent topological insulator that has a high charge‐to‐spin conversion efficiency. However, the origin and magnitude of the SOTs induced by current‐injection in Bi1−xSbx remain controversial. Here, the investigation of the SOTs and spin Hall magnetoresistance resulting from charge‐to‐spin conversion in twin‐free epitaxial layers of Bi0.9Sb0.1(0001) coupled to FeCo are investigated, and compared with those of amorphous Bi0.9Sb0.1. A large charge‐to‐spin conversion efficiency of 1 in the first case and less than 0.1 in the second is found, confirming crystalline Bi0.9Sb0.1 as a strong spin‐injector material. The SOTs and spin Hall magnetoresistance are independent of the direction of the electric current, indicating that charge‐to‐spin conversion in single‐crystal Bi0.9Sb0.1(0001) is isotropic despite the strong anisotropy of the topological surface states. Further, it is found that the damping‐like SOT has a non‐monotonic temperature dependence with a minimum at 20 K. By correlating the SOT with resistivity and weak antilocalization measurements, charge–spin conversion is concluded to occur via thermally excited holes from the bulk states above 20 K, and conduction through the isotropic surface states with increasing spin polarization due to decreasing electron–electron scattering below 20 K.
Tailoring the Weight of Surface and Intralayer Edge States to Control LUMO Energies
Authors: Finkelmeyer Sarah Jasmin , Askins Erik J. , Eichhorn Jonas , Ghosh Soumik , Siegmund Carmen , Täuscher Eric , Dellith Andrea , Hupfer Maximilian L. , Dellith Jan , Ritter Uwe , Strzalka Joseph , Glusac Ksenija , Schacher Felix H. , Presselt Martin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe energies of the frontier molecular orbitals determine the optoelectronic properties in organic films, which are crucial for their application, and strongly depend on the morphology and supramolecular structure. The impact of the latter two properties on the electronic energy levels relies primarily on nearest‐neighbor interactions, which are difficult to study due to their nanoscale nature and heterogeneity. Here, an automated method is presented for fabricating thin films with a tailored ratio of surface to bulk sites and a controlled extension of domain edges, both of which are used to control nearest‐neighbor interactions. This method uses a Langmuir–Schaefer‐type rolling transfer of Langmuir layers (rtLL) to minimize flow during the deposition of rigid Langmuir layers composed of π‐conjugated molecules. Using UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, it is shown that the rtLL method advances the deposition of multi‐Langmuir layers and enables the production of films with defined morphology. The variation in nearest‐neighbor interactions is thus achieved and the resulting systematically tuned lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies (determined via square‐wave voltammetry) enable the establishment of a model that functionally relates the LUMO energies to a morphological descriptor, allowing for the prediction of the range of accessible LUMO energies.
Design of Symmetric TiO2/LiI/TiO2 Electrochromic Devices for Gradient Shaded Smart Windows with Enhanced Switching and Cycling Properties
Authors: Liu Tingting , Tang Xiao , Zeng Yue , Li Yanhong , Jing Chuan , Ling Faling , Yang Hongmei , Zhou Xianju 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLi+ insertion and extraction inherently impact the switching dynamics and cycling stability of inorganic electrochromic (EC) electrodes. Herein, the extraction of Li+ out of the TiO2 lattice to release the electron is replaced by the charge recombination of the electron with I3− at the TiO2‐electrolyte interface, which avoids the mechanical breakdown of the electrodes and renders self‐bleaching with no applied voltages. A device design of the same two TiO2 nanocrystal (NC) electrodes combined with the redox lithium salt (LiI) electrolyte confers symmetric electrochromism. By applying a forward or reverse bias, the two TiO2 electrodes alternately serve as the electrochromic electrode and exhibit voltage‐controlled gradient coloration, a maximum optical modulation of 90% at 700 nm, and a doubled cycling performance. The microstructure of the TiO2 NC film is characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller methods. The electrochemical and electrochromic properties of the device are investigated using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and Mott–Schottky method.
Achieving TADF and RTP with Stimulus‐Responsiveness and Tunability from Phenothiazine‐Based Donor−Acceptor Molecules
Authors: Song Tianhang , Liu Huilong , Ren Jun , Wang Zhongwen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResearch of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials is attractive owing to their extensive applications in various fields. However, achieving organic TADF and RTP materials, particularly those with stimulus‐responsiveness and tunability, is highly desirable but challenging and rarely reported. Herein, two easily synthesized organic molecules are reported with abnormal stimulus‐responsive switchable TADF and RTP effects, in which phenothiazine (PTZ) and benzo[b]phenothiazine (BPTZ) based donor−acceptor molecules PTZ‐DBQ and BPTZ‐DBQ show mechanical‐induced TADF in crystalline phase and photo‐responsive RTP in doping poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films. This is the first time tetracyclic BPTZ has been used as a donor in achieving TADF and RTP materials, and it is found that BPTZ‐DBQ exhibits remarkably better photophysical properties than PTZ‐DBQ. Systematic studies of experimental results and theoretical calculations indicate that the conformational heterogeneity plays an essential role in achieving mechanical‐induced TADF with mechanochromic luminescence (MCL) property. Embedding the organic phosphors into rigid polymer matrices effectively suppresses the molecular motion, thus turning on the RTP emission channel. The conversion of 3O2 to 1O2 under UV irradiation is mainly responsible for the photo‐induced process. These multifunctional luminescent materials have great potential applications in chemical sensors, information encryption, and anti‐counterfeiting.
pH Clock Guided Dynamic Broad Spectrum Multi‐Color Fluorescence Modulation in Size‐Oscillatory Vesicles
Authors: Das Saurav , Das Tanushree , Debnath Shreya , Scherman Oren A. , Das Debapratim 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAcid–base equilibria of aqueous cellular fluids play a vital role in constituting various signaling and feedback mechanisms in biological systems. To mimic the complex pH‐directed signaling mechanism in laboratory settings, a pH‐responsive vesicular assembly is presented that shows dynamic multicolor fluorescence and size alterations under the influence of a chemically driven pH cycle. The vesicular architecture is a versatile platform for establishing Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) interactions between multiple donors and acceptor fluorophores. Spontaneously fluctuating interfacial charge of the vesicles during the pH cycle alters the donor fluorophore's emission intensity, affecting the efficiency of FRET interactions among the donor–acceptor pairs. This enables multicolor as well as transient pure white light fluorescence of the vesicles during the pH cycle. The vesicles also display significant size changes in response to varying pH conditions. Furthermore, the vesicles demonstrate excellent adaptability in terms of the lifespan of the oscillatory cycles and the tunability of the fluorescence color transitions.
First‐Principles Active‐Site Model Design for High‐Entropy‐Alloy Catalyst Screening: The Impact of Host Element Selection on Catalytic Properties
Authors: Rittiruam Meena , Khamloet Pisit , Tantitumrongwut Potipak , Saelee Tinnakorn , Khajondetchairit Patcharaporn , Noppakhun Jakapob , Ektarawong Annop , Alling Björn , Praserthdam Supareak , Praserthdam Piyasan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractActive‐site models comprise miniature active sites on the host element, providing one of effective descriptors for screening high‐entropy‐alloy (HEA) catalysts using machine learning. This study investigates the impact of host elements on the electronic properties of active sites via density functional theory (DFT), where the active‐site model is used in the HEA electrocatalysts. Also, the appropriate host element selection significantly affects the system's surface structures, electronic, and catalytic properties that adsorbate adsorption energy, d‐band center, Bader charge, Zero‐point energy, and entropy are used as accuracy verification parameters compared to the original surface. Ultimately, the novel guideline for active‐site model construction is proposed using the simple example of PtPdFeCoNi high‐entropy alloys. This investigation demonstrates that the host element selection is a crucial parameter to the active‐site models, influencing the electronic structure and electrocatalytic properties.