bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the prognostic value of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and CD3 + T cells between schistosomal and non-schistosomal colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Weixia , Zhang Yingyi , Liu Jican , Jing Hongyan , Lu Kui , Wang Limei , Zhu Ting , Xu Yanchao , Bu Dacheng , Cheng Meihong , Liu Jing , Shen Weidong , Yao Junxia , Huang Sinian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Aim
To compare the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and CD3 + cells and CD20 + cells between schistosomal colorectal cancer (SCRC) and non-schistosomal CRC (NSCRC).

Background
Although schistosomiasis has been basically eliminated, it has not been completely extinction in China, and occasional outbreaks occur in Europe recently. The role of immune cells in the immune microenvironment of SCRC and NSCRC is remaining obscure, and the inflammation-based prognostic systems of SCRC has rarely been reported.

Methods
HE-stained sections of 349 colorectal cancer (CRC) tumors, which were completely resected, were evaluated for density of TILs. Meanwhile, we evaluated CD3 + T lymphocytes and CD20 + B lymphocytes by immunochemistry. The relationship of these infiltrating immune cells with clinicopathological features, including schistosomiasis, and clinical outcomes was evaluated, and the prognostic roles of TILs in SCRC and NSCRC were explored.

Results
Except for age (P < 0.0001), there were no significant differences between NSCRC and SCRC patients in clinicopathological features (P > 0.05). Beside, the positive expression pattern of sTILs, iTILs, CD3, and CD20 between NSCRC and SCRC patients was also similar (P > 0.05). In the whole cohort, sTILs and CD3 were defined as independent prognostic factors (P = 0.031 and P = 0.003, respectively). CD3 was an independent prognostic factor both in the NSCRC and SCRC set (P = 0.026 and P = 0.045, respectively). Higher sTILs, CD3, and CD20 were correlated with less aggressive tumor characteristics in the whole cohort and in subgroups.

Conclusion
Although CD3 was an independent prognostic factor for both NSCRC and SCRC set, there were no significant differences between SCRC and NSCRC patients in sTILs, CD3, CD20, and in other clinicopathological features.
Cost-effectiveness of seven-days-per-week rehabilitation schedule for acute stroke patients
Authors: Morii Yasuhiro , Abiko Kagari , Osanai Toshiya , Takami Jiro , Tanikawa Takumi , Fujiwara Kensuke , Houkin Kiyohiro , Ogasawara Katsuhiko 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Rehabilitation is an essential medical service for patients who have suffered acute stroke. Although the effectiveness of 7-days-per-week rehabilitation schedule has been studied in comparison with 5- or 6-days-per-week rehabilitation schedule, its cost-effectiveness has not been analyzed. In this research, to help formulate more cost-effective medical treatments for acute stroke patients, we analyzed the cost-effectiveness of 7-days-per-week rehabilitation for acute stroke from public health payer’s perspective, and public healthcare and long-term care payerʼs perspective in Japan.

Methods
Cost-effectiveness of 7-days-per-week rehabilitation for acute stroke patients was analyzed based on the result from a previous study using a Japanese database examining the efficacy of 7-days-per-week rehabilitation. Cost utility analysis was conducted by comparing 7-days-per-week rehabilitation with 5- or 6-days-per-week rehabilitation, with its main outcome incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) calculated by dividing estimated incremental medical and long-term care costs by incremental quality-adjusted life years (QALY). The costs were estimated using the Japanese fee table and from published sources. The time horizon was 5 years, and Markov modeling was used for the analysis.

Results
The ICER was $6339/QALY from public health payer’s perspective, lower than 5,000,000 Yen/QALY (approximately US$37,913), which was the willingness-to-pay used for the cost-effectiveness evaluation in Japan. The 7-day-per-week rehabilitation was dominant from public healthcare and long-term care payerʼs perspective. The result of sensitivity analysis confirmed the results.

Conclusion
The results indicated that 7-days-per-week rehabilitation for acute stroke rehabilitation was likely to be cost-effective.
Hypothyroidism in hibernating brown bears
Authors: Frøbert Anne Mette , Nielsen Claus G. , Brohus Malene , Kindberg Jonas , Fröbert Ole , Overgaard Michael T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBrown bears hibernate throughout half of the year as a survival strategy to reduce energy consumption during prolonged periods with scarcity of food and water. Thyroid hormones are the major endocrine regulators of basal metabolic rate in humans. Therefore, we aimed to determine regulations in serum thyroid hormone levels in hibernation compared to the active state to investigate if these are involved in the adaptions for hibernation.We used electrochemiluminescence immunoassay to quantify total triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels in hibernation and active state in paired serum samples from six subadult Scandinavian brown bears. Additionally, we determined regulations in the liver mRNA levels of three major thyroid hormone-binding proteins; thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), transthyretin (TTR), and albumin, by analysis of previously published grizzly bear RNA sequencing data.We found that bears were hypothyroid when hibernating with T4 levels reduced to less than 44% (P = 0.008) and T3 levels reduced to less than 36% (P = 0.016) of those measured in the active state. In hibernation, mRNA levels of TBG and albumin increased to 449% (P = 0.031) and 121% (P = 0.031), respectively, of those measured in the active state. TTR mRNA levels did not change.Hibernating bears are hypothyroid and share physiologic features with hypothyroid humans, including decreased basal metabolic rate, bradycardia, hypothermia, and fatigue. We speculate that decreased thyroid hormone signaling is a key mediator of hibernation physiology in bears. Our findings shed light on the translational potential of bear hibernation physiology to humans for whom a similar hypometabolic state could be of interest in specific conditions.
Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of customized maxillary oral appliance with mandibular advancement appliance as a treatment modality for moderate obstructive sleep apnea patients—a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Belkhode Vikram , Godbole Surekha , Nimonkar Sharayu , Pisulkar Sweta , Nimonkar Pranali 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is quite common among the adult population, according to recent epidemiological studies. The most frequently suggested alternate treatment for mild to moderate OSA is oral appliances (OA). The purpose of the present study was to assess as well as compare the effectiveness of custom-made maxillary oral appliances against mandibular advancement appliances in the care of individuals suffering from moderate obstructive sleep apnea.

Methods
A prospective interventional research was carried out with 40 participants. Polysomnography (PSG) was done and the participants with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) >15–30 were involved in the research. Study participants were randomly split up into two test groups: group I was the “Control Group” (group treated with a mandibular advancement device (MAD), n=20), while group II was exposed to a “customized maxillary oral appliance” (CMOA, n=20). Both groups had reference measures for AHI, blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), oro-nasal airflow via respiratory disturbance index (RDI), and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Appliances were fabricated and delivered to the respective study group participants. PSG was again conducted after a period of 1 and 3 months of appliance delivery and re-evaluation was done for all the parameters and was compared with reference measurements. The facts were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical methods. The statistical program utilized in the study was “SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Version 20.1.” After 1 and 3 months, the statistical significance between the two study groups was assessed at P<0.05.

Results
The analysis of mean AHI, SPO2, RDI, and ESS for both test groups manifested statistically significant measures (P<0.001). The study results revealed a statistically significant depletion in mean AHI scores, improvement in mean SPO2 scores, and reduction in mean RDI scores and ESS scores when compared with reference measurements to 1 month, 1 to 3 months, and between reference measurements and 3 months.

Conclusion
The CMOA was effective in managing moderate OSA and has great therapeutic potential. It can be an option for the MAD for treating patients suffering from moderate obstructive sleep apnea.

Trial registration
The study was registered under Clinical Trials Registry-India and the registration number is CTRI/2020/07/026936. Registered on 31 July 2020
Combining single-cell transcriptomics and CellTagging to identify differentiation trajectories of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Lin Kai , Yang Yanlei , Cao Yinghao , Liang Junbo , Qian Jun , Wang Xiaoyue , Han Qin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have attracted great attention in the application of cell-based therapy because of their pluripotent differentiation and immunomodulatory ability. Due to the limited number of MSCs isolated from donor tissues, a large number of MSCs need to be expanded in a traditional two-dimensional cell culture device to obtain a sufficient therapeutic amount. However, long-term cultivation of MSCs in vitro has been proven to reduce their differentiation potential and change their immunomodulatory characteristics. We aimed to explore the cellular heterogeneity and differentiation potential of different MSCs expanded in vitro and reconstruct the complex cloning track of cells in the process of differentiation.

Methods
Single cell transcriptome sequencing was combined with ‘CellTagging’, which is a composite barcode indexing method that can capture the cloning history and cell identity in parallel to track the differentiation process of the same cell over time.

Results
Through the single-cell transcriptome and CellTagging, we found that the heterogeneity of human adipose tissue derived stem cells (hADSCs) in the early stage of culture was very limited. With the passage, the cells spontaneously differentiated during the process of division and proliferation, and the heterogeneity of the cells increased. By tracing the differentiation track of cells, we found most cells have the potential for multidirectional differentiation, while a few cells have the potential for unidirectional differentiation. One subpopulation of hADSCs with the specific osteoblast differentiation potential was traced from the early stage to the late stage, which indicates that the differentiation trajectories of the cells are determined in the early stages of lineage transformation. Further, considering that all genes related to osteogenic differentiation have not yet been determined, we identified that there are some genes that are highly expressed specifically in the hADSC subsets that can successfully differentiate into osteoblasts, such as Serpin Family E Member 2 (SERPINE2), Secreted Frizzled Related Protein 1 (SFRP1), Keratin 7 (KRT7), Peptidase Inhibitor 16 (PI16), and Carboxypeptidase E (CPE), which may be key regulatory genes for osteogenic induction, and finally proved that the SERPINE2 gene can promote the osteogenic process.

Conclusion
The results of this study contribute toward the exploration of the heterogeneity of hADSCs and improving our understanding of the influence of heterogeneity on the differentiation potential of cells. Through this study, we found that the SERPINE2 gene plays a decisive role in the osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs, which lays a foundation for establishing a more novel and complete induction system.
Application-based principles of islamic geometric patterns; state-of-the-art, and future trends in computer science/technologies: a review
Authors: Ranjazmay Azari Mohammadreza , Bemanian Mohammadreza , Mahdavinejad Mohammadjavad , Körner Axel , Knippers Jan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Currently, there is a tendency to use Islamic Geometric Patterns (IGPs) as important identities and cultural elements of building design in the Middle East. Despite high demand, lack of information about the potential of IGPs principles have led to formal inspiration in the design of existing buildings. Many research studies have been carried out on the principles of IGPs. However, comprehensive studies relating to new possibilities, such as structure-based, sustainable-based, and aesthetic-based purposes, developed by computer science and related technologies, are relatively rare. This article reviews the state-of-the-art knowledge of IGPs, provides a survey of the main principles, presents the status quo, and identifies gaps in recent research directions. Finally, future prospects are discussed by focussing on different aspects of the principles in accordance with collected evidence obtained during the review process.
Integrating intercultural communicative competence into an online EFL classroom: an empirical study of a secondary school in Thailand
Authors: Lee Tzu-Yin , Ho Yun-Chi , Chen Che-Han 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntercultural communicative competence (ICC) has been widely acknowledged as a core element of today’s foreign language education. However, even though the importance of intercultural language teaching is commonly recognized among adult learners and at the post-secondary level, teachers of adolescent English learners often find it hard to effectively incorporate culture into English learning because of the lack of an instructional model facilitating their students’ intercultural development and English learning experiences. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether integrating intercultural learning into an online EFL curriculum can elevate teenage EFL students’ L2 motivation, intercultural communicative competence, and English proficiency. The researchers used a quasi-experimental design by randomly selecting two eighth-grade classes in a secondary school in northern Thailand, with one class designated as the experimental group (N = 31) and the other as the control group (N = 28). The effects of this teaching experiment were then examined using both quantitative and qualitative data. The findings demonstrated that the students in the experimental group showed a greater improvement compared with those of the students in the control group after an 8-week, interculturally embedded English curriculum. The results suggested that ICC is conducive to adolescent EFL students’ intercultural development as well as their English learning motivation and outcome. The applications of ICC-based EFL instruction in similar contexts are discussed.
Is telerehabilitation an effective maintenance strategy for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases: a systematic review
Authors: Uche-Okoye Demelum , Ajemba Michael Nnaemeka , Amy Bendall , Arene Ebube Chinwe , Ugo Chinemerem Henry , Eze Ngozi Perpetua , Anyadike Ikenna Kelechi , Onuorah Uju Maryanne , Chiwenite Chijioke Michael 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has proven to improve the physical and psychosocial function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the gains achieved during pulmonary rehabilitation diminish over time without an effective maintenance strategy. With several factors affecting access to pulmonary rehabilitation, calls for innovative models were made, which saw the emergence of studies exploring telerehabilitation (TR) as an alternative to traditional pulmonary rehabilitation models. Although there are current reviews exploring the effectiveness of telerehabilitation as an alternative for conventional PR, no review has considered telerehabilitation effectiveness in the long term. Hence, this review aims at examining the effectiveness of telerehabilitation following to pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Main body
A systematic review of the literature using CINAHL, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of science PEDRO, AMED and EMBASE databases was conducted to assess the effectiveness of telerehabilitation following PR in patients with COPD. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and exercise capacity was maintained within 6–12 months of a TR maintenance programme. However, there was no significant increase in HRQoL and exercise capacity between the intervention and control groups in 6–12 months.

Conclusions
This review suggests that a TR maintenance strategy effectively maintains benefits gained and may improve HRQoL and exercise capacity within 6–12 months for patients with COPD. Nonetheless, it is impossible to extrapolate the findings to the general population due to the paucity of included studies. Further high quality randomised controlled trials examining TR in the long-term is required in the future.
RBFK cipher: a randomized butterfly architecture-based lightweight block cipher for IoT devices in the edge computing environment
Authors: Rana Sohel , Mondal M. Rubaiyat Hossain , Kamruzzaman Joarder 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInternet security has become a major concern with the growing use of the Internet of Things (IoT) and edge computing technologies. Even though data processing is handled by the edge server, sensitive data is generated and stored by the IoT devices, which are subject to attack. Since most IoT devices have limited resources, standard security algorithms such as AES, DES, and RSA hamper their ability to run properly. In this paper, a lightweight symmetric key cipher termed randomized butterfly architecture of fast Fourier transform for key (RBFK) cipher is proposed for resource-constrained IoT devices in the edge computing environment. The butterfly architecture is used in the key scheduling system to produce strong round keys for five rounds of the encryption method. The RBFK cipher has two key sizes: 64 and 128 bits, with a block size of 64 bits. The RBFK ciphers have a larger avalanche effect due to the butterfly architecture ensuring strong security. The proposed cipher satisfies the Shannon characteristics of confusion and diffusion. The memory usage and execution cycle of the RBFK cipher are assessed using the fair evaluation of the lightweight cryptographic systems (FELICS) tool. The proposed ciphers were also implemented using MATLAB 2021a to test key sensitivity by analyzing the histogram, correlation graph, and entropy of encrypted and decrypted images. Since the RBFK ciphers with minimal computational complexity provide better security than recently proposed competing ciphers, these are suitable for IoT devices in an edge computing environment.
Is CRT-D superior to CRT-P in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy?
Authors: Al-Sadawi Mohammed , Aslam Faisal , Tao Michael , Salam Shafqat , Alsaiqali Mahmoud , Singh Abhijeet , Fan Roger , Rashba Eric J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Recent studies have questioned the role of implanted cardiac defibrillators (ICDs) in nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) can be delivered by a pacemaker (CRT-P) or an ICD (CRT-D). This meta-analysis assessed the effect of CRT-P versus CRT-D on mortality in patients with NICM.

Methods
Databases were searched for studies reporting the effect of CRT on all-cause mortality in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and EBSCO CINAHL). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. The minimum duration of follow-up required for inclusion was one year. The search was not restricted to time or publication status.

Results
The literature search identified 955 candidate studies, 15 studies and 22,763 patients were included. Mean follow-up was 53 months (17–100 months). CRT-D in NICM was associated with lower all-cause mortality (log HR − 0.169, SE 0.055; p = 0.002) compared to CRT-P. Heterogeneity: df = 15 (P 0.03), I2 = 43; test for overall effect: Z = − 3.043 (P = 0.002).

Conclusion
CRT-D in NICM was associated with lower all-cause mortality than CRT-P.
The additional tibial stem extension is not mandatory for the stability of 5 mm metal block augmented tibial prosthesis construct in primary total knee arthroplasty: 5-year minimum follow-up results
Authors: Ryu Jae Joon , Kim Yeong Hwan , Choi Choong Hyeok 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To determine whether additional stem extension for stability is necessary, we performed mid-term follow-up of patients who had been managed with 5-mm metal block augmentation for a tibial defect, where tibial prosthesis was fixed using bone cement without stem extension. Also, we evaluated clinical and radiologic results including survival rate of patients without stem extension.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed patients with tibial bone defect, had undergone primary total knee arthroplasty, and had been treated with 5-mm metal block augmentation without stem extension between March 2003 and September 2013. Among 74 patients (80 cases), 47 patients (52 cases) were followed up for at least 5 years.

Results
Mean flexion contracture improved from 8.8° (0–40°) preoperatively to 0.4° (−5° to 15°) at final follow-up (P < 0.01), but there was no significant change in the mean angle of great flexion: 124.6° (75–150°) preoperatively and 126.2° (90–145°) at final follow-up (P = 0.488). Mean range of motion improved from 115.8° (35–150°) preoperatively to 125.5° (90–145°) at final follow-up (P < 0.01). Mean knee score improved from 38.7 points (0–66 points) preoperatively to 93.2 points (79–100 points) at final follow-up (P < 0.01), and mean functional score also improved from 50.4 points (10–70 points) preoperatively to 81.8 points (15–100 points) at final follow-up (P < 0.01). The mean postoperative Western Ontario and McMaster University osteoarthritis score was 19.5 points (0–66.0 points). The mean femorotibial angle was corrected from 9.0° varus (23.0° varus–6.3° valgus) preoperatively to 5.5° valgus (2.2° varus–11.1° valgus) at final follow-up (P < 0.01). There was no change in the mean β-angle, which was 90.7° (87.2–94.9°) immediately postoperative and 90.8° (87.2–94.9°) at final follow-up (P = 0.748) and in the mean δ-angle, which was 86.2° (81.3–90.0°) immediately postoperative and 87.2° (83.1–96.5°) at final follow-up (P = 0.272). Radiolucent lines (RLL) were observed in ten cases (26.3%), and the mean RLL scores at final follow-up were 0.34 points (0–3 points) in the anteroposterior view and 0.42 points (0–6 points) in the lateral view. Scores for the RLL were ≤ 4 points in 36 cases, 5–9 points in two cases. Revision surgery due to aseptic loosening (three cases) is rarely required, and the Kaplan–Meier survival rate at 10 postoperative years was 96.4%

Conclusion
When performing 5-mm metal block augmentation for a proximal tibial defect, no additional tibial stem extension can be a good surgical option for the stability of tibial prosthetic construct and mid-term clinical and radiologic results.

Level of evidence
IV.