bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raising the Dead Volume: Analysis of Microsamples Diluted and Corrected with Near Infrared Tracer
Authors: Dietzen Dennis J , Blair Connor J , Roper Stephen M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Sample processing robotics require large liquid volumes to operate efficiently. Robotics are impractical in settings that deal in small specimen volumes such as pediatric laboratories. Short of manual sample handling, remedies for the current state include a redesign of current hardware or specialized adaptation for submilliliter specimens.

Methods
We blindly increased the volume of plasma specimens with diluent containing a near infrared dye, IR820, to assess the change to the original specimen volume. Diluted specimens were analyzed using a variety of assay formats/wavelengths (sodium, calcium, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, total protein, creatinine), and results were compared to neat specimens. Recovery of analyte in the diluted specimens vs neat was the primary outcome measure.

Results
Mean analytic recovery from the diluted specimens across all assays ranged from 93% to 110% after correction using IR820 absorbance. Absorbance correction compared favorably to mathematical correction using known volumes of specimens and diluents (93%–107%). Pooled mean analytic imprecision across all assays ranged from 2% using the neat specimen pool to 8% when plasma pool was diluted to 30% of its original concentration. No interference from dye addition was noted, indicating the diluent was broadly applicable and chemically inert. The greatest variability in recovery was observed when respective analyte concentrations were present near the lower limits of assay detectability.

Conclusions
Addition of a chemically inert diluent containing a near-infrared tracer is a feasible way to raise specimen dead volume and potentially automate processing and measurement of clinical analytes in microsamples.
Development of Recombinase Aided Amplification (RAA)-Exo-Probe Assay for the Rapid Detection of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli
Authors: Cao Yuhao , Fang Taisong , Shen Jinling , Zhang Guodong , Guo Dehua , Zhao Lina , Jiang Yuan , Zhi Shuai , Zheng Lin , Lv Xiaofei , Yao Zhiyuan , Yu Daniel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a significant cause of foodborne illness causing various gastrointestinal diseases including hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), the most severe form, which can lead to kidney failure or even death.

Objective
Here, we report the development of recombinase aided amplification (RAA)-exo-probe assays targeting the stx1 and stx2 genes for the rapid detection of STEC in food samples.

Methods
Primers and exo-probes were designed and optimized for the detection of stx1 and stx2 using RAA technology. The optimal STEC RAA-exo-probe assays were then tested for specificity and sensitivity, and validated in both spiked and real food samples.

Results
These assays were found to be 100% specific to STEC strains and were also highly sensitive with a detection limit of 1.6 × 103 CFU/mL or 32 copies/reaction. Importantly, the assays were able to successfully detect STEC in spiked and real food samples (beef, mutton, and pork), with a detection limit as low as 0.35 CFU/25g in beef samples after an overnight enrichment step.

Conclusions
Overall, the RAA assay reactions completed within ∼20 min and were less dependent on expensive equipment, suggesting they can be easily adopted for in-field testing requiring only a fluorescent reader.

Highlights
As such, we have developed two rapid, sensitive, and specific assays that can be used for the routine monitoring of STEC contamination in food samples, particularly in the field or in poorly equipped labs.
Burn Prevention in Spanish: Assessment of Content Accuracy, Website Quality, and Readability of Online Sources
Authors: Gonzalez Miguel D , Ortega Pilar , Hendren-Santiago Bryce K , Gillenwater T Justin , Vrouwe Sebastian Q 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Burn prevention information may be inadequate or inaccessible to communities with non-English language preference. Our objective was to systematically analyze the content accuracy, website quality, and readability of online Spanish information for burn prevention in the home and compare it to English websites. We collected the top ten burn prevention results from a search on Google, Bing, and Yahoo using a list of Spanish key terms. Using recommendations from national organizations and a burn care expert team, content accuracy was evaluated for each website. We assessed website quality following the “Health on the Net” Code of Conduct. Readability was scored by averaging five validated readability tests for the Spanish language. After using the same protocol, a comparison was made with English websites as a control. Once duplicates and non-relevant search results were removed, 23 Spanish websites were assessed. Out of 21 possible points for content accuracy, the top website scored 14 (67%) and the average score was 6.6 (31%). For website quality, the average score was 50%. The average grade level needed to read the websites was 8.6. Compared to English, Spanish websites were less accurate (31% vs 41%), harder to read (9.8 vs 7.8), but were of higher website quality (50% vs 43%). Online burn prevention information in Spanish is often inaccurate, incomplete, and inferior to available English language websites. We propose a call to action to increase the quality of online burn prevention material available in Spanish.
Military Assistance to Ukraine: Enquiring the Need for Any Legal Justification under International Law
Authors: van Steenberghe Raphaël 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Since the invasion of Ukraine by Russia on 24 February 2022, Western states have provided significant military support to the Ukrainian armed forces, through the supply of arms or intelligence. This article enquires whether those states need any legal justification to make such support lawful under international law and, more particularly, under the law on the use of force, the law of neutrality and the regulation of arms transfers. It concludes that such justification might be required in certain circumstances and that the supporting states’ narrative, namely helping Ukraine to exercise its right of self-defence in response to a blatant armed attack, might act as a valid justification, except with respect to certain regulations on arms transfer.
Effect of systemic inflammatory response on induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer: an exploratory subgroup analysis on systemic inflammatory response in JCOG1106
Authors: Mizuno Nobumasa , Ioka Tatsuya , Ogawa Gakuto , Nakamura Satoaki , Hiraoka Nobuyoshi , Ito Yoshinori , Katayama Hiroshi , Takada Ryoji , Kobayashi Satoshi , Ikeda Masafumi , Miwa Haruo , Okano Naohiro , Kuramochi Hidekazu , Sekimoto Mitsugu , Okusaka Takuji , Ozaka Masato , Todaka Akiko , Gotoh Kunihito , Tobimatsu Kazutoshi , Yamaguchi Hironori , Nakagohri Toshio , Kajiura Shinya , Sudo Kentaro , Okamura Keiya , Shimizu Satoshi , Shirakawa Hirofumi , Kato Naoya , Sano Keiji , Iwai Tomohisa , Fujimori Nao , Ueno Makoto , Ishii Hiroshi , Furuse Junji ,   Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology Group (HBPOG) of Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG)
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
JCOG1106, a randomized phase II trial conducted to compare chemoradiotherapy (S-1 concurrent radiotherapy) with (Arm B) or without (Arm A) induction chemotherapy using gemcitabine in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer, showed a more favorable long-term survival in Arm A. This study was aimed at exploring whether some subgroups classified by the systemic inflammatory response might derive greater benefit from either treatment.

Methods
All subjects eligible for JCOG1106 were included in this analysis (n = 51/49 in Arm A/B). This exploratory subgroup analysis was performed by Cox regression analysis to investigate the impact of the systemic inflammatory response, as assessed based on the serum C-reactive protein, serum albumin (albumin), Glasgow Prognostic Score and derived neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, at the baseline on overall survival. P values &lt;0.1 for the interaction were regarded as denoting significant association.

Results
Glasgow prognostic score showed significant treatment interactions for overall survival. Hazard ratios of Arm B to Arm A were 1.35 (95% confidence interval, 0.82–2.23) in the Glasgow Prognostic Score 0 (C-reactive protein ≤10 mg/L and albumin ≥35 g/L) (n = 44/34 in Arm A/B) and 0.59 (95% confidence interval, 0.24–1.50) in the Glasgow Prognostic Score 1/2 (C-reactive protein &gt;10 mg/L and/or albumin &lt;35 g/L) (n = 7/15) (P-interaction = 0.06). C-reactive protein alone and albumin alone also showed significant treatment interactions for overall survival.

Conclusions
Survival benefits of induction chemotherapy in chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer were observed in patients with elevated Glasgow Prognostic Score, high C-reactive protein and low albumin. These results suggest that systemic inflammatory response might be considered to apply induction chemotherapy preceding chemoradiotherapy.
Complications associated with the surgical removal of non-syndromic supernumerary premolar tooth buds in the mandible
Authors: Marya Anand , Sharan Jitendra , Mandava Prasad , El-hassanein El-Hassanein Hussein 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Hyperdontia involving the premolar teeth can be single or multiple or even related to a syndrome. These are frequently encountered in permanent dentition, but their occurrence has ranged between 0.09 and 0.64% in the general population. These are commonly found between the permanent canines and first premolars but rarely between the first and second premolars. These are usually eumorphic and can be easily identified as they follow the conventional tooth morphology. These are usually asymptomatic and not easily palpable unless they are very close to eruption. A lingual approach is preferred during their removal over the buccal method as it poses less risk of root trauma. In this case, bilateral accessory premolar tooth buds were present between the first and second premolars. Since the patient was undergoing orthodontic treatment, she was advised to remove these accessory teeth. For their removal, a Neumann flap with a buccal approach was used, which led to fracturing the root apex of the mandibular right second premolar root. On follow-up over the next 1 year, no other complications or secondary tooth germs were observed, and following a period of bone formation, the bone in the affected area formed normally again.
The (mis)use of fetal viability as the determinant of non-criminal abortion in the Netherlands and England and Wales
Authors: Halliday Samantha , Romanis Elizabeth Chloe , de Proost Lien , Verweij E Joanne 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Time plays a fundamental role in abortion regulation. In this article, we compare the regulatory frameworks in England and Wales and the Netherlands as examples of the centrality accorded to viability in the determination of the parameters of non-criminal abortion, demonstrating that the use of viability as a threshold renders the law uncertain. We assess the role played by the concept of viability, analysing its impact upon the continued criminalization of abortion and categorization of abortion as a medical matter, rather than a reproductive choice. We conclude that viability is misconceived in its application to abortion and that neonatal viability (relating to treatment of the premature infant) and fetal viability (related to the capacity to survive birth) must be distinguished to better reflect the social context within which the law and practice of abortion operate. We show how viability thresholds endanger pregnant people.
Kepler’s last planet discoveries: two new planets and one single-transit candidate from K2 campaign 19
Authors: Incha Elyse , Vanderburg Andrew , Jacobs Tom , LaCourse Daryll , Bieryla Allyson , Pass Emily , Howell Steve B , Berlind Perry , Calkins Michael , Esquerdo Gilbert , Latham David W , Mann Andrew W 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The Kepler space telescope was responsible for the discovery of over 2700 confirmed exoplanets, more than half of the total number of exoplanets known today. These discoveries took place during both Kepler’s primary mission, when it spent 4 yr staring at the same part of the sky, and its extended K2 mission, when a mechanical failure forced it to observe different parts of the sky along the ecliptic. At the very end of the mission, when Kepler was exhausting the last of its fuel reserves, it collected a short set of observations known as K2 Campaign 19. So far, no planets have been discovered in this data set because it only yielded about a week of high-quality data. Here, we report some of the last planet discoveries made by Kepler in the Campaign 19 dataset. We conducted a visual search of the week of high-quality Campaign 19 data and identified three possible planet transits. Each planet candidate was originally identified with only one recorded transit, from which we were able to estimate the planets’ radii and estimate the semimajor axes and orbital periods. Analysis of lower-quality data collected after low fuel pressure caused the telescope’s pointing precision to suffer revealed additional transits for two of these candidates, allowing us to statistically validate them as genuine exoplanets. We also tentatively confirm the transits of one planet with TESS. These discoveries demonstrate Kepler’s exoplanet detection power, even when it was literally running on fumes.
Forecast of cross-correlation of Chinese Survey Space Telescope cosmic shear tomography with Ali CMB Polarization Telescope cosmic microwave background lensing
Authors: Wang Zhengyi , Yao Ji , Liu Xiangkun , Liu Dezi , Fan Zuhui , Hu Bin 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a forecast study on the cross-correlation between cosmic shear tomography from the Chinese Survey Space Telescope (CSST) and cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing from Ali CMB Polarization Telescope (AliCPT-1) in Tibet. The correlated galaxy and CMB lensing signals were generated from Gaussian realizations based on inputted auto and cross-spectra. To account for the error budget, we considered the CMB lensing reconstruction noise based on the AliCPT-1 lensing reconstruction pipeline; shape noise of the galaxy lensing measurement; CSST photo-z error; photo-z bias; intrinsic alignment (IA) effect; and multiplicative bias. The AliCPT-1 CMB lensing mock data were generated according to two experimental stages, namely the ‘4 modules*yr’ and ‘48 modules*yr’ cases. We estimate the cross-spectra in four tomographic bins according to the CSST photo-z distribution in the range of z ∈ [0, 4). After reconstructing the pseudo-cross-spectra from the realizations, we calculate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). By combining the four photo-z bins, the total cross-correlation SNR ≈ 15 (AliCPT-1 ‘4 modules*yr’) and SNR ≈ 22 (AliCPT-1 ‘48 modules*yr’). Finally, we study the cosmological application of this cross-correlation signal. Excluding IA in the template fitting would lead to roughly a 0.6σ increment in σ8 due to the negative IA contribution to the galaxy lensing data. For AliCPT-1 first and second stages, the cross-correlation of CSST cosmic shear with CMB lensing gives errors on the clustering amplitude $\sigma _{\sigma _8}=^{+0.043}_{-0.038}$ or $\sigma _{S_8}=\pm 0.031$ and $\sigma _{\sigma _8}=^{+0.030}_{-0.027}$ or $\sigma _{S_8}=\pm 0.018$, respectively.
Origins of the shocks in high-mass starless clump candidates
Authors: Zhu Feng-Yao , Wang Junzhi , Yan Yaoting , Zhu Qing-Feng , Li Juan 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Shocks are abundant in star-forming regions, and are often related with star formation. In our previous observations toward 100 starless clump candidates (SCCs) in the Galaxy, a sample of 34 SCCs associated with shocks is identified. In this work, we perform mapping observations of the SiO 2–1, 3–2, HC3N 10–9, HCO+ 1–0, H13CO+ 1–0, and H41 α lines toward 9 out of the detected sources by using IRAM 30-m radio telescope to study the origins of the shocks in the SCCs. We find shocks in three sources (BGPS 3110, 3114, and 3118) are produced by collisions between the expanding ionized gas and ambient molecular gas, instead of by the star formation activity inside SCCs. On the other hand, shocks in the other six sources are related to star formation activity of SCCs. The signatures of protostellar outflows are clearly shown in the molecular lines toward BGPS 4029, 4472, 5064. Comparing our results with the previous ALMA observations performed in the same region, the shocks in BGPS 3686 and 5114 are also likely to be due to protostellar activity. The origin of shock in BGPS 5243 is still unclear although some features in the SiO spectra imply the presence of protostellar activity.
Faithfully Taking Pascal’s Wager
Authors: Jackson Elizabeth 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
I examine the relationship between taking Pascal’s wager, faith, and hope. First, I argue that many who take Pascal’s wager have genuine faith that God exists. The person of faith and the wagerer have several things in common, including a commitment to God and positive cognitive and conative attitudes toward God’s existence. If one’s credences in theism are too low to have faith, I argue that the wagerer can still hope that God exists, another commitment-justifying theological virtue. I conclude with two upshots of the argument, including how it provides responses to common objections to Pascal’s wager.
Demoralization and Hope: A Psychological Reading of Kant’s Moral Argument
Authors: Chignell Andrew 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Kant’s “primacy of the practical” doctrine says that we can form morally justified commitments regarding what exists, even in the absence of sufficient epistemic grounds. In this paper I critically examine three different varieties of Kant’s “moral proof” that can be found in the critical works. My claim is that the third variety—the “moral-psychological argument” based in the need to sustain moral hope and avoid demoralization—has some intriguing advantages over the other two. It starts with a premise that more clearly coheres with Kant’s mature account of moral motivation, and it invokes plausible empirical-psychological theses to motivate a commitment to the full-blown classical deity—the result Kant clearly wanted. From the point of view of its structure, I think this third variety of moral argument also has the most by way of contemporary interest.
Global Faith, Trust, and Hope
Authors: Malcolm Finlay 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper develops an account of faith as a global trait of character, and explores how it relates to trust and hope. This account is developed in terms of the functional role faith occupies: what it is that global faith does in our lives. Global faith is taken to be a disposition to persevere in seeing the good in situations, events, circumstances, and people. This trait is explored through real and fictionalised situations of difficulty and strife, and when looking back at one’s past experiences and challenges. The paper locates global faith within the broader family of faith-attitudes, contrasts it with similar accounts, and shows how it contributes to valuable trustfulness and hopefulness.
A case in which baricitinib was effective for both rheumatoid arthritis and essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Migita Rioko , Tanaka Atsushi , Tanimoto Kazuki , Hiura Junki , Kimoto Yasutaka , Horiuchi Takahiko , Inoue Yasushi 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We experienced a case of rheumatoid arthritis and JAK2V617F mutation–positive essential thrombocythemia treated with baricitinib. The patient was a 72-year-old male. He was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis at a local clinic in April 2018. Methotrexate (MTX) was started and the dose was increased to 16 mg/week. In October of the same year, anaemia was observed and MTX was reduced, but anaemia progressed. Blood tests showed pancytopenia, and he was referred to Rheumatology on suspicion of drug-induced pancytopenia. Pancytopenia improved with discontinuation of MTX and administration of folic acid. His platelet count was markedly increased to 1,400,000/μl at one point, decreased to 400,000/μl, and then gradually increased to 700,000–1,000,000/μl. Despite taking an antiplatelet drug, he developed cerebral infarction in June 2019. The JAK2V617F mutation was noted, and he was diagnosed with essential thrombocythemia. Hydroxycarbamide was started, but the effect was insufficient. Baricitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor indicated for rheumatoid arthritis, was started in August with the expectation that it would also be effective for essential thrombocythemia. The platelet count decreased to ∼400,000–600,000 cells/μl, and a decrease in the C-reactive protein level and the improvement of arthritis were noted. We report this case because it is considered to be a valuable case, suggesting that baricitinib may be effective for essential thrombocythemia.
Bacterial Wars—a tool for the prediction of bacterial predominance based on network analysis measures
Authors: Oulas Anastasis , Minadakis George , Zachariou Margarita , Tomazou Marios , Vlamis-Gardikas Alexios , Spyrou George M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Bacterial Wars (BW) is a network-based tool that applies a two-step pipeline to display information on the competition of bacterial species found in the same microbiome. It utilizes antimicrobial peptide (AMP) sequence similarities to obtain a relationship between species. The working hypothesis (putative AMP defense) is that friendly species share sequence similarity among the putative AMPs of their proteomes and are therefore immune to their AMPs. This may not happen in competing bacterial species with dissimilar putative AMPs. Similarities in the putative AMPs of bacterial proteomes may be thus used to predict predominance. The tool provides insights as to which bacterial species are more likely to ‘die’ in a competing environmental niche.