bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus adsorption, availability, and potential loss characteristics in an Ultisol‐derived paddy soil chronosequence, using a stirred‐flow chamber study
Authors: Hua Hui , Shi Yangxiaoxiao , Wang Ruhai , Hong Zhineng , Jiang Jun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe adsorption characteristics, availability, and a loss risk of phosphorus (P) in paddy soil chronosequences had not been well established. In the present study, P adsorption characteristics of paddy soil chronosequence with 0, 7, 22, or 80 years of paddy cultivation history (PS0, PS7, PS22, and PS80, respectively) were identified by P adsorption isotherm, envelope, and stirred‐flow chamber (SFC) kinetics, along with the assessment of P availability and loss risks. Results indicated that P adsorption and desorption followed the same order of PS0 > PS7 > PS22 > PS80. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed P adsorption capacity was significantly and positively correlated with the concentrations of both free iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) (hydro)oxides (Fed and Ald, respectively), suggesting that the major P sorbents were Fed and Ald. Findings from SFC adsorption kinetics suggested that the kinetics of both P adsorption and desorption were biphasic, being fast in the first 100 min (75.11%–87.57% of P adsorbed and 79.00%–88.65% of P released), followed by a slow phase for the remaining 180 min. Bray‐P increased with the duration of rice cultivation and reached a maximum of 77.90 mg kg−1 at PS80, along with the highest P saturation degree and equilibrium phosphorus concentrations of 7.56% and 2.33 mg L−1, respectively. Hence, with an increasing duration of paddy cultivation, there was a less pronounced P sink function and a lower P availability, but a higher P loss risk, indicating that P availability in the younger and loss risk in the older Ultisol‐derived paddy soils deserve greater attention.
Experiencing “epistemic injustice” within transgender healthcare
Authors: Bullock Carla G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this brief report, the author analyzes, “Limiting Transgender Health”, by Reese Kelly and Sonny Nordmarken, and “Whose Feminism Is It Anyways”, by Emi Koyama, and put them in dialogue with a pivotal feminist book, Epistemic Injustice by Miranda Fricker to explore how microaggressions and transphobic experiences are epistemic injustices performed against trans‐identifying people.
Laser‐Induced Phase Transition and Patterning of hBN‐Encapsulated MoTe2
Authors: Ryu Huije , Lee Yuna , Jeong Jae Hwan , Lee Yangjin , Cheon Yeryun , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Kim Kwanpyo , Cheong Hyeonsik , Lee Chul‐Ho , Lee Gwan‐Hyoung 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenides exhibit phase transitions through atomic migration when triggered by various stimuli, such as strain, doping, and annealing. However, since atomically thin 2D materials are easily damaged and evaporated from these strategies, studies on the crystal structure and composition of transformed 2D phases are limited. Here, the phase and composition change behavior of laser‐irradiated molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) in various stacked geometry are investigated, and the stable laser‐induced phase patterning in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)‐encapsulated MoTe2 is demonstrated. When air‐exposed or single‐side passivated 2H‐MoTe2 are irradiated by a laser, MoTe2 is transformed into Te or Mo3Te4 due to the highly accumulated heat and atomic evaporation. Conversely, hBN‐encapsulated 2H‐MoTe2 transformed into a 1T′ phase without evaporation or structural degradation, enabling stable phase transitions in desired regions. The laser‐induced phase transition shows layer number dependence; thinner MoTe2 has a higher phase transition temperature. From the stable phase patterning method, the low contact resistivity of 1.13 kΩ µm in 2H‐MoTe2 field‐effect transistors with 1T′ contacts from the seamless heterophase junction geometry is achieved. This study paves an effective way to fabricate monolithic 2D electronic devices with laterally stitched phases and provides insights into phase and compositional changes in 2D materials.
Emerging Trends of Carbon‐Based Quantum Dots: Nanoarchitectonics and Applications
Authors: Guan Xinwei , Li Zhixuan , Geng Xun , Lei Zhihao , Karakoti Ajay , Wu Tom , Kumar Prashant , Yi Jiabao , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCarbon‐based quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as a fascinating class of advanced materials with a unique combination of optoelectronic, biocompatible, and catalytic characteristics, apt for a plethora of applications ranging from electronic to photoelectrochemical devices. Recent research works have established carbon‐based QDs for those frontline applications through improvements in materials design, processing, and device stability. This review broadly presents the recent progress in the synthesis of carbon‐based QDs, including carbon QDs, graphene QDs, graphitic carbon nitride QDs and their heterostructures, as well as their salient applications. The synthesis methods of carbon‐based QDs are first introduced, followed by an extensive discussion of the dependence of the device performance on the intrinsic properties and nanostructures of carbon‐based QDs, aiming to present the general strategies for device designing with optimal performance. Furthermore, diverse applications of carbon‐based QDs are presented, with an emphasis on the relationship between band alignment, charge transfer, and performance improvement. Among the applications discussed in this review, much focus is given to photo and electrocatalytic, energy storage and conversion, and bioapplications, which pose a grand challenge for rational materials and device designs. Finally, a summary is presented, and existing challenges and future directions are elaborated.
Fluorophore‐Decorated Mie Resonant Silicon Nanosphere for Scattering/Fluorescence Dual‐Mode Imaging
Authors: Adachi Masato , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Nishimura Yuya , Morita Kenta , Ogino Chiaki , Fujii Minoru 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInorganic nanoparticles with multiple functions have been attracting attention as multimodal nanoprobes in bioimaging, biomolecule detection, and medical diagnosis and treatment. A drawback of conventional metallic nanoparticle‐based nanoprobes is the Ohmic losses that lead to fluorescence quenching of attached molecules and local heating under light irradiation. Here, metal‐free nanoprobes capable of scattering/fluorescence dual‐mode imaging are developed. The nanoprobes are composed of a silicon nanosphere core having efficient Mie scattering in the visible to near infrared range and a fluorophore doped silica shell. The dark‐field scattering and photoluminescence images/spectra for nanoprobes made from different size silicon nanospheres and different kinds of fluorophores are studied by single particle spectroscopy. The fluorescence spectra are strongly modified by the Mie modes of a silicon nanosphere core. By comparing scattering and fluorescence spectra and calculated Purcell factors, the fluorescence enhancement factor is quantitatively discussed. In vitro scattering/fluorescence imaging studies on human cancer cells demonstrate that the developed nanoparticles work as scattering/fluorescence dual‐mode imaging nanoprobes.
Differential distribution of macroinvertebrate associated with water quality
Authors: Thakur Yojana , Grover Aseem , Sinha Reshma 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStreams and rivers are the major source of drinking water and irrigation in many developing countries. Stream health is a major criterion and regulator of the health of its dependents (invertebrates, aquatic flora, fishes, animals, and humans). For the sustenance of a balanced ecosystem, a mutual existence between flora and fauna along with other abiotic factors is a prerequisite. Benthic fauna lying on the riverbed serves as a food source for fish, larger insects, birds, etc. Nowadays, most freshwater bodies are getting polluted through various anthropogenic activities like mining, land‐use practices (fertilizers and insecticides), industrial effluent, and sewage inlet. Due to the water contamination, there have been observed changes in the physicochemical parameters of the water. The macroinvertebrate species being sensitive to these changes play an important role not only in determining the health of the water body but also in regulating the ecosystem. After review, it was observed that order like Diptera dominated in various locations, comprising of family Ceratopogonidae and Chironomidae, followed by order Trichoptera and Coleoptera. Species belonging to family Baetidae and Chironomidae possess pollution tolerance capabilities; additionally, these species can survive at a wide range of temperatures. Species from families such as Simuliidae showed their existence at varying water velocities. Families like Limnephilidae, Simuliidae, and Glossosomatidae exhibited their survival in fast moving water whereas Notonectidae, Hydrophilidae Gomphidae, Coenagrionidae, Libellulidae, Aeshnidae, and Dryopidae indicated species of low waterflow. Species of the family Tipulidae have been related to areas of high conductivity, whereas Gomphidae, Dryopidae, and Glossomatidae as species of low conductivity. Hydrophilidae and Notonectidae dominated high temperature areas. The present study will put forth before the government, current scenario of macroinvertebrate structure depending on the different characteristics of the water. This will help in regulating and controlling water pollution.
The impoverishment of political discourse and legal rights in transboundary Teesta water management
Authors: Momen Md Nurul , Rahman Md Mostafijur 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBangladesh has consistently claimed an equitable distribution of Teesta river water sharing. However, it consistently has a lower use and share than India. This qualitative article investigates the issues to the unresolved Teesta water agreement which challenges to transboundary water management between the two riparian countries. The political debates between India and Bangladesh and how riparian water rights are understood in light of the international law are the scope of this article. This article also uses and exemplifies global empirical pieces of evidence to relate to the case of Teesta water sharing. In the findings, this article highlights a new quest of water diplomacy for sustainable Teesta water sharing. These questions are discussed and debated throughout the article. The methodology of this article is confined to two sources: primary data from international conventions, laws, regulations, and court judgments; and secondary data, which are gathered from journals, newspapers, websites, periodicals, dissertations, research reports, and other documents related to the research topic. The descriptive and suggestive nature of the qualitative data analysis method has been highlighted.
Veneziano variations: how unique are string amplitudes?
Authors: Cheung Clifford , Remmen Grant N. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
String theory offers an elegant and concrete realization of how to consistently couple states of arbitrarily high spin. But how unique is this construction? In this paper we derive a novel, multi-parameter family of four-point scattering amplitudes exhibiting i) polynomially bounded high-energy behavior and ii) exchange of an infinite tower of high-spin modes, albeit with a finite number of states at each resonance. These amplitudes take an infinite-product form and, depending on parameters, exhibit mass spectra that are either unbounded or bounded, thus corresponding to generalizations of the Veneziano and Coon amplitudes, respectively. For the bounded case, masses converge to an accumulation point, a peculiar feature seen in the Coon amplitude but more recently understood to arise naturally in string theory [1]. Importantly, our amplitudes contain free parameters allowing for the customization of the slope and offset of the spin-dependence in the Regge trajectory. We compute all partial waves for this multi-parameter class of amplitudes and identify unitary regions of parameter space. For the unbounded case, we apply similar methods to derive new deformations of the Veneziano and Virasoro-Shapiro amplitudes.
An Inequality for the Convolutions on Unimodular Locally Compact Groups and the Optimal Constant of Young’s Inequality
Authors: Satomi Takashi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLet $$\mu $$
μ
be the Haar measure of a unimodular locally compact group G and m(G) as the infimum of the volumes of all open subgroups of G. The main result of this paper is that $$\begin{aligned} \int _{G}^{} f \circ \left( \phi _1 * \phi _2 \right) \left( g \right) dg \le \int _{\mathbb {R}}^{} f \circ \left( \phi _1^* * \phi _2^* \right) \left( x \right) dx \end{aligned}$$

∫

G

f
∘

ϕ
1

∗

ϕ
2

g

d
g
≤

∫

R

f
∘

ϕ
1
∗

∗

ϕ
2
∗

x

d
x

holds for any measurable functions $$\phi _1, \phi _2 :G \rightarrow \mathbb {R}_{\ge 0}$$

ϕ
1

,

ϕ
2

:
G
→

R

≥
0

with $$\mu ( \textrm{supp} \; \phi _1 ) + \mu ( \textrm{supp} \; \phi _2 ) \le m(G)$$

μ

(
supp

ϕ
1

)

+
μ

(
supp

ϕ
2

)

≤
m

(
G
)

and any convex function $$f :\mathbb {R}_{\ge 0} \rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

f
:

R

≥
0

→
R

with $$f(0) = 0$$

f
(
0
)
=
0

. Here $$\phi ^*$$

ϕ
∗

is the rearrangement of $$\phi $$
ϕ
. Let $$Y_O(P,G)$$

Y
O

(
P
,
G
)

and $$Y_R(P,G)$$

Y
R

(
P
,
G
)

denote the optimal constants of Young’s and the reverse Young’s inequality, respectively, under the assumption $$\mu ( \textrm{supp} \; \phi _1 ) + \mu ( \textrm{supp} \; \phi _2 ) \le m(G)$$

μ

(
supp

ϕ
1

)

+
μ

(
supp

ϕ
2

)

≤
m

(
G
)

. Then we have $$Y_O(P,G) \le Y_O(P,\mathbb {R})$$

Y
O

(
P
,
G
)

≤

Y
O

(
P
,
R
)

and $$Y_R(P,G) \ge Y_R(P,\mathbb {R})$$

Y
R

(
P
,
G
)

≥

Y
R

(
P
,
R
)

as a corollary. Thus, we obtain that $$m (G) = \infty $$

m
(
G
)
=
∞

if and only if $$H (p,G) \le H (p, \mathbb {R})$$

H
(
p
,
G
)
≤
H
(
p
,
R
)

in the case of $$p' := p/(p-1) \in 2 \mathbb {Z}$$

p
′

:
=
p
/

(
p
-
1
)

∈
2
Z

, where H(p, G) is the optimal constant of the Hausdorff–Young inequality.
Ältere Menschen im ersten Jahr der COVID-19-Pandemie: Gesundheitsrelevante Befunde aus dem Deutschen Alterssurvey (DEAS)
Authors: Wünsche Jenna , Spuling Svenja M. , Nowossadeck Sonja , Stuth Stefan 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungDas vorliegende narrative Review führt Befunde des Deutschen Alterssurveys (DEAS) zur gesundheitlichen Lage von Menschen in der zweiten Lebenshälfte im ersten Pandemiejahr zusammen und beantwortet die Frage, ob Ältere, das heißt Menschen im späten Erwachsenenalter, im Vergleich zu Jüngeren, das heißt Menschen im mittleren Erwachsenenalter, in den Anfängen der COVID-19-Pandemie tatsächlich so vulnerabel waren wie vielfach befürchtet. Dabei werden Erkenntnisse zu den folgenden Gesundheitsindikatoren präsentiert: wahrgenommene Bedrohung durch die Corona-Pandemie, erlebte Altersdiskriminierung, selbstberichtete Veränderungen der körperlichen Aktivität, Einsamkeit und subjektive Gesundheit.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein höheres Lebensalter nicht pauschal als Risikofaktor für besonders schwerwiegende indirekte Gesundheitsfolgen durch die Corona-Pandemie erachtet werden sollte. Die meisten älteren Menschen haben sich in den Anfängen der Corona-Pandemie kaum durch die Pandemie bedroht gefühlt und nur selten Diskriminierung aufgrund ihres Alters erlebt. Es kam jedoch bei vielen älteren und jüngeren Menschen zu einem selbstberichteten Rückgang an körperlicher Aktivität und zu einem altersunabhängigen Zuwachs an Einsamkeit. Eine Verschlechterung der subjektiven Gesundheit im Vergleich zum präpandemischen Niveau zeichnete sich dagegen nur bei den Älteren ab. Die Verschlechterung der subjektiven Gesundheit scheint jedoch eher auf das individuelle Älterwerden als auf die pandemische Lage zurückführbar zu sein.Insgesamt wird also deutlich: Bei älteren Menschen in Privathaushalten lässt sich im Vergleich zu jüngeren keine besonders ungünstige gesundheitliche Lage im ersten Jahr der Corona-Pandemie erkennen.
Exploring telediagnostic procedures in child neuropsychiatry: addressing ADHD diagnosis and autism symptoms through supervised machine learning
Authors: Grazioli Silvia , Crippa Alessandro , Rosi Eleonora , Candelieri Antonio , Ceccarelli Silvia Busti , Mauri Maddalena , Manzoni Martina , Mauri Valentina , Trabattoni Sara , Molteni Massimo , Colombo Paola , Nobile Maria 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecently, there has been an increase in telemedicine applied to child neuropsychiatry, such as the use of online platforms to collect remotely case histories and demographic and behavioral information. In the present proof-of-concept study, we aimed to understand to what extent information parents and teachers provide through online questionnaires overlaps with clinicians’ diagnostic conclusions on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Moreover, we intended to explore a possible role that autism spectrum disorders (ASD) symptoms played in this process. We examined parent- and teacher-rated questionnaires collected remotely and an on-site evaluation of intelligence quotients from 342 subjects (18% females), aged 3–16 years, and referred for suspected ADHD. An easily interpretable machine learning model—decision tree (DT)—was built to simulate the clinical process of classifying ADHD/non-ADHD based on collected data. Then, we tested the DT model’s predictive accuracy through a cross-validation approach. The DT classifier’s performance was compared with those that other machine learning models achieved, such as random forest and support vector machines. Differences in ASD symptoms in the DT-identified classes were tested to address their role in performing a diagnostic error using the DT model. The DT identified the decision rules clinicians adopt to classify an ADHD diagnosis with an 82% accuracy rate. Regarding the cross-validation experiment, our DT model reached a predictive accuracy of 74% that was similar to those of other classification algorithms. The caregiver-reported ADHD core symptom severity proved the most discriminative information for clinicians during the diagnostic decision process. However, ASD symptoms were a confounding factor when ADHD severity had to be established. Telehealth procedures proved effective in obtaining an automated output regarding a diagnostic risk, reducing the time delay between symptom detection and diagnosis. However, this should not be considered an alternative to on-site procedures but rather as automated support for clinical practice, enabling clinicians to allocate further resources to the most complex cases.
Differential effects of renal denervation on skin and muscle sympathetic nerve traffic in resistant and uncontrolled hypertension
Authors: Dell’Oro Raffaella , Quarti-Trevano Fosca , Seravalle Gino , Cuspidi Cesare , Grassi Guido 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Renal denervation (RDN) exerts sympathoinhibitory effects. No information is available, however, on whether these effects have a regional or a more generalized behavior.

Methods
In 14 patients with resistant hypertension (RHT, age 58.3 ± 2.2 years, mean ± SEM), we recorded muscle and skin sympathetic nerve traffic (MSNA and SSNA, respectively) using the microneurographic technique, before, 1 month, and 3 months after RDN. Measurements included clinic blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), 24-h BP and HR, as well as routine laboratory and echocardiographic variables. Ten age-matched RHT patients who did not undergo RDN served as controls.

Results
MSNA, but not SSNA, was markedly higher in RHT. RDN caused a significant reduction in MSNA 1 month after RDN, with this reduction increasing after 3 months (from 68.1 ± 2.5 to 64.8 ± 2.4 and 63.1 ± 2.6 bursts/100 heartbeats, P < 0.05). This effect was not accompanied by any significant change in SSNA (from 13.1 ± 0.5 to 13.4 ± 0.6 and 13.3 ± 0.4 bursts/min, P = NS). No quantitative or, in some cases, qualitative relationship was found between BP and the MSNA reduction induced by RDN. No significant changes in various sympathetic markers were detected in the control group who did not undergo RDN and were followed for 3-months observation.

Conclusions
These data provide the first evidence that RDN exerts heterogeneous effects on sympathetic cardiovascular drive, inducing a marked reduction in MSNA but not in SSNA, which appears to be within the normal range in this condition.These effects may depend on the different reflex modulation regulating neuroadrenergic drive in these cardiovascular districts.
Reassessing the problem of time of quantum gravity
Authors: Mozota Frauca Álvaro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper I raise a worry about the most extended resolutions of the problem of time of canonical quantizations of general relativity. The reason for this is that these resolutions are based on analogies with deparametrizable models for which the problem can be solved, while I argue in this paper that there are good reasons for doubting about these resolutions when the theory is not deparametrizable, which is the case of general relativity. I introduce an example of a non-deparametrizable model, a double harmonic oscillator system expressed by its Jacobi action, and argue that the problem of time for this model is not solvable, in the sense that its canonical quantization doesn’t lead to the quantum theory of two harmonic oscillators and the standard resolutions of the problem of time don’t work for this case. I argue that as general relativity is strongly analogous to this model, one should take seriously the view that the canonical quantization of general relativity doesn’t lead to a meaningful quantum theory. Finally, I comment that this has an impact on the foundations of different approaches to quantum gravity.
Orbit closed permutation groups, relation groups, and simple groups
Authors: Grech Mariusz , Kisielewicz Andrzej 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA permutation group G on a set $$\Omega $$
Ω
is called orbit closed if every permutation of $$\Omega $$
Ω
preserving the orbits of G in its action on the power set $$P(\Omega )$$

P
(
Ω
)

belongs to G. It is called a relation group if there exists a family $$R \subseteq P(\Omega )$$

R
⊆
P
(
Ω
)

such that G is the group of all permutations preserving R. We prove that if a finite orbit closed permutation group G is simple, or is a subgroup of a simple group, then it is a relation group. This result justifies our general conjecture that with a few exceptions every finite orbit closed group is a relation group. To obtain the result, we prove that most of the finite simple permutation groups are relation groups. We also obtain a complete description of those finite simple permutation groups that have regular sets, and prove that (with one exception) if a finite simple permutation group G is a relation group, then every subgroup of G is a relation group.