bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Out-of-Hospital Pediatric Video Laryngoscopy With an Adult Device
Authors: Miller Matthew , Storey Heather , Andrew Jeffrey , Christian Edward , Hayes-Bradley Clare 
Published: February 2023

Objectives
After introducing an adult video laryngoscope (VL) in our physician-paramedic prehospital and retrieval medical service, our quality assurance process identified this blade being used during pediatric intubations. We present a case series of pediatric intubations using this oversized adult VL alongside a contemporaneous group of direct laryngoscopy (DL) intubations.

Methods
We performed a retrospective review of intubated patients 15 years or younger in our electronic quality assurance registry from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2020. Data collected were demographic details, intubation equipment, drug doses, the number of intubation attempts, and complications. Results are presented according to those intubated with C-MAC4 VL (Karl Storz) alongside age-appropriate DL sizes.

Results
Ninety-nine pediatric patients were intubated, 67 (67%) by CMAC4 and 32 (33%) by DL. Video laryngoscopy had a first-attempt success rate of 96% and DL 91%. A Cormach and Lehane view 1 or 2 was found in 66 VL (99%) and 29 DL patients (91%). Desaturation was reported in two VL and 1 DL patient.

Conclusions
Adult VL became the most common method of intubation in patients older than 1 year during the study period. An adult C-MAC4 VL could be considered for clinicians who prefer VL when a pediatric VL is unavailable or as a second-line device if a pediatric VL is not present when intubating children older than 1 year.
Commentary: A Radiologist's Guide to Peer-Reviewing Manuscripts
Authors: Ersahin Devrim , Catanzano Tara , Tamm Eric 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Reviewers play an important role in the publishing of radiology articles. When done well, reviewers help editors identify which articles to accept and improve them through their recommendations. In this commentary, we provide a step-by-step guide to reviewing both original science and review articles.
Imaging Findings on Head Computed Tomography Scans in Victims of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Watane Gaurav V. , Tang Anji , Thomas Richard , Park Hyesun , Gujrathi Rahul , Gosangi Babina , Khurana Bharti 
Published: February 2023

Objective
The aim of the study is to analyze the imaging findings and injury patterns seen on head computed tomography (CT) examinations performed on survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV).

Methods
An institutional review board–approved retrospective analysis of 668 patients reporting IPV to our institution's violence intervention and prevention program between January 2013 and June 2018 identified 40 unique patients with radiological findings visible on head CT. All injuries visible on head CT were analyzed based on the anatomic location and injury type. Demographics, IPV screening at the time of injury, concomitant, prior, and subsequent injuries to the index head injury were also recorded.

Results
Our study cohort had 36 women and 4 men with a mean age at presentation of 43 ± 13 years (mean ± SD), 91 unique injuries with 57 (62.6%) isolated soft tissue injuries, 4 (3.2%) fractures, 13 (14.3%) intra-axial, and 17 (18.7%) extra-axial injuries. Soft tissue injuries and intra-axial injuries occurred most commonly in the frontal region (45.6% and 38.5%), followed by the parietal region (22.8% and 23.1%), while most extra-axial injuries were subdural hematomas (41.2%). Left-sided injuries accounted for 49% (45/91) with 29/91 right-sided (32%) and 17/91 bilateral (19%) injuries. The IPV screening occurred in 44% of injury visits (22/50). Concomitant injuries were seen in 14/50 injury visits (28%), most commonly being in the lower extremity (6/14, 42.9% [% of visits with concomitant injuries]) followed by the upper extremity (5/14, 35.7%), while 52% of visits (26/50) were preceded by prior injuries and 68% of events (34/50) were followed by subsequent injuries.

Conclusions
Isolated soft tissue swelling is the most common manifestation of IPV on head CT scans with frontoparietal region being the most common site. Synchronous and metachronous injuries are frequent.
Optimal Virtual Monoenergetic Photon Energy (keV) for Photon-Counting-Detector Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Dunning Chelsea A. S. , Rajendran Kishore , Inoue Akitoshi , Rajiah Prabhakar , Weber Nikkole , Fletcher Joel G. , McCollough Cynthia H. , Leng Shuai 
Published: February 2023

Objective
This study aimed to determine the optimal photon energy for virtual monoenergetic images (VMI) in computed tomography angiography (CTA) using photon-counting-detector (PCD) CT.

Methods
Under institutional review board approval, 10 patients (abdominal, n = 4; lower extremity, n = 3; head and neck, n = 3) were scanned on an investigational PCD-CT (Count Plus, Siemens Healthcare) at 120 or 140 kV. All images were iteratively reconstructed with Bv48 kernel and 2-mm slice thickness. Axial and coronal VMI maximum-intensity projections were created in the range 40 to 65 keV (5-keV steps). Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was calculated for major arteries in each VMI series. Two radiologists blindly ranked each VMI series for overall image quality and visualization of small vessels and pathology. The median and SD of scores for each photon energy were calculated. In addition, readers identified any VMIs that distinguished itself from others in terms of vessel/pathology visualization or artifacts.

Results
Mean iodine CNR was highest in 40-keV VMIs for all evaluated arteries. Across readers, the 50-keV VMI had the highest combined score (2.00 ± 1.11). Among different body parts, the 45-keV VMI was ranked highest for the head-and-neck (1.75 ± 0.68) and lower extremity (2.00 ± 1.41) CTA. Meanwhile, 50- and 55-keV VMIs were ranked highest for abdominal (2.50 ± 1.35 and 2.50 ± 1.56) CTA. The 40-keV VMI received the highest score for iodine visualization in vessels, and the 65-keV VMI for reduced metal/calcium-blooming artifacts.

Conclusions
Quantitatively, VMIs at 40 keV had the highest CNR in major arterial vasculature using PCD-CTA. Based on radiologists' preference, the 45- and 50-keV VMIs were optimal for small body parts (eg, head and neck and lower extremity) and large body parts (eg, abdomen), respectively.
Comparisons of Hepatobiliary Phase Imaging Using Combinations of Parallel Imaging and Variable Degrees of Compressed Sensing With Use of Parallel Imaging Alone
Authors: Toshimori Wataru , Matsuda Megumi , Tsuda Takaharu , Takahashi Yoshiki , Mori Chihiro , Wakayama Tetsuya , Nozaki Atsushi , Hirooka Masashi , Koizumi Yohei , Hiasa Yoichi , Kido Teruhito 
Published: February 2023

Objective
This study aimed to compare the image quality in the hepatobiliary phase images of gadoxetic acid–enhanced liver magnetic resonance imaging using parallel imaging (PI) and compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction, using variable CS factors with the standard method using the PI technique.

Methods
In this study, 64 patients who underwent gadoxetic acid–enhanced liver magnetic resonance imaging at 3.0 T were enrolled. Hepatobiliary phase images were acquired 6 times using liver acquisition with volume acceleration (LAVA) and CS reconstruction with 5 CS factors 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, and 2.5 (LAVA-CS 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, and 2.5) and standard LAVA (LAVA-noCS). For objective analysis, the signal intensity ratios (SIRs) of the liver-to-spleen (SIRliver/spleen), liver-to-portal vein (SIRliver/portal vein), and liver-to-fat (SIRliver/fat) were estimated. For subjective analysis, 2 radiologists independently evaluated the quality of all the images.

Results
The objective analysis demonstrated no significant difference in all evaluation parameters of all the images. Subjective analysis revealed that the scores of all evaluation items were higher for LAVA-noCS images than for LAVA-CS images, and only LAVA-CS 1.4 did not significantly differ from LAVA-noCS in all evaluation items (P = 1.00 in 2 readers).

Conclusions
A CS factor of 1.4 in the hepatobiliary phase image with combined PI and CS can reduce the scan time without degrading the image quality compared with the standard method.
Optic Neuritis After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination
Authors: Shemer Asaf , Greenbaum Assaf , Toledano Amit , Biron Roy , Dubinsky-Pertzov Biana , Or Lior 
Published: February 2023

Background:
To describe recent cases of optic neuritis in patients who received a vaccine for COVID-19.

Methods:
Retrospective case series of patients diagnosed with optic neuritis after a recent COVID-19 vaccination with BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), in one university-affiliated tertiary hospital, from January 2021 to June 2021. Data were obtained from medical charts.

Results:
We describe 7 patients who developed optic neuritis after immunization with the BNT162b2 vaccine.

Conclusions:
A causal relationship cannot be deduced, and the importance of COVID-19 vaccination is not challenged. However, the authors encourage a prospective monitoring and reporting system for all patients receiving COVID-19 vaccines, to further assess the spectrum of adverse events in large databases.
Effects of acute aerobic exercise on the motor inhibitory process in the go/no-go task in humans: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Akatsuka Kosuke , Mitsuzono Ryouichi , Yamashiro Koya 
Published: February 2023

Background and objectives
While many studies have reported the relationship between human cognitive functions and exercise, only a few have investigated the effect of mild-intensity exercise on the human motor inhibitory process. We employed the go/no-go task as a useful paradigm for studying the neural mechanisms involved in response execution and inhibition.

Method
Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, we observed 17 subjects performing go/no-go tasks under a control condition and an exercise condition. Under the control condition, the subjects performed a go/no-go session before and after a 15 min rest. Under the exercise condition, the subjects performed a go/no-go session before and after a 10 min ergometer cycling session followed by a 5 min rest. We set the exercise intensity individually for each subject at 30% of their maximum heart rate as calculated by Karvonen’s formula.

Results
We recorded an increase oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) in the go/no-go blocks compared to those in the go blocks and found that mild exercise significantly enhanced the peak amplitude of oxy-Hb. On the other hand, we observed no significant changes under the control condition.

Conclusion
This result suggests that mild exercise could trigger enhanced activation in the right frontal area, and cause a stronger inhibitory effect related to go/no-go tasks.
Spatial Patterns of White Matter Hyperintensities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Botz Jonas , Lohner Valerie , Schirmer Markus D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhite matter hyperintensities are an important marker of cerebral small vessel disease. This disease burden is commonly described as hyperintense areas in the cerebral white matter, as seen on T2-weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging data. Studies have demonstrated associations with various cognitive impairments, neurological diseases, and neuropathologies, as well as clinical and risk factors, such as age, sex, and hypertension. Due to their heterogeneous appearance in location and size, studies have started to investigate spatial distributions and patterns, beyond summarizing this cerebrovascular disease burden in a single metric - its volume. Here, we review the evidence of association of white matter hyperintensity spatial patterns with its risk factors and clinical diagnoses.Design/MethodsWe performed a systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Statement. We used the standards for reporting vascular changes on neuroimaging criteria to construct a search string for literature search on PubMed. Studies written in English from the earliest records available until January 31st, 2023, were eligible for inclusion if they reported on spatial patterns of white matter hyperintensities of presumed vascular origin.ResultsA total of 380 studies were identified by the initial literature search, of which 41 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. These studies included cohorts based on mild cognitive impairment (15/41), Alzheimer’s Disease (14/41), Dementia (5/41), Parkinson’s Disease (3/41), and subjective cognitive decline (2/41). Additionally, 6 of 41 studies investigated cognitively normal, older cohorts, two of which were population-based, or other clinical findings such as acute ischemic stroke or reduced cardiac output. Cohorts ranged from 32 to 882 patients/participants (median cohort size 191.5 and 51.6 % female (range: 17.9 - 81.3 %)). The studies included in this review have identified spatial heterogeneity of WMHs with various impairments, diseases, and pathologies as well as with sex and (cerebro)vascular risk factors.ConclusionsThe results show that studying white matter hyperintensities on a more granular level might give a deeper understanding of the underlying neuropathology and their effects. This motivates further studies examining the spatial patterns of white matter hyperintensities.
Measurement of Accumulation of Antibiotics toStaphylococcus aureusin Phagosomes of Live Macrophages
Authors: Kelly Joey J. , Dalesandro Brianna E. , Liu Zichen , Chordia Mahendra D. , Ongwae George M. , Pires Marcos M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) has evolved the ability to persist after uptake into host immune cells. This intracellular niche enablesS. aureusto potentially escape host immune responses and survive the lethal actions of antibiotics. While the elevated tolerance ofS. aureusto small-molecule antibiotics is likely to be multifactorial, we pose that there may be contributions related to permeation of antibiotics into phagocytic vacuoles, which would require translocation across two mammalian bilayers. To empirically test this, we adapted our recently developed permeability assay to determine the accumulation of FDA-approved antibiotics into phagocytic vacuoles of live macrophages. Bioorthogonal reactive handles were metabolically anchored within the surface ofS. aureus,and complementary tags were chemically added to antibiotics. Following phagocytosis of taggedS. aureuscells, we were able to specifically analyze the arrival of antibiotics within the phagosomes of infected macrophages. Our findings enabled the determination of permeability differences between extra- and intracellularS. aureus, thus providing a roadmap to dissect the contribution of antibiotic permeability to intracellular pathogens.
Environmental context, parameter sensitivity and structural sensitivity impact predictions of annual-plant coexistence
Authors: Cervantes-Loreto Alba , Pastore Abigail I. , Brown Christopher R.P. , Maraffini Michelle L. , Aldebert Clement , Mayfield Margaret M. , Stouffer Daniel B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPredicting the outcome of interactions between species is central to our current understanding of diversity maintenance. However, we have limited information about the robustness of many model-based predictions of species coexistence. This limitation is partly because several sources of uncertainty are often ignored when making predictions. Here, we introduce a framework to simultaneously explore how different mathematical models, different environmental contexts, and parameter uncertainty impact the probability of predicting species coexistence. Using a set of pairwise competition experiments on annual plants, we provide direct evidence that subtle differences between models lead to contrasting predictions of both coexistence and competitive exclusion. We also show that the effects of environmental context-dependency and parameter uncertainty on predictions of species coexistence are not independent of the model used to describe population dynamics. Our work suggests that predictions of species coexistence and extrapolations thereof may be particularly vulnerable to these underappreciated founts of uncertainty.
Plastic Leachate Exposure Drives Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence in Marine Bacterial Communities
Authors: Vlaanderen Eric J. , Ghaly Timothy M. , Moore Lisa R. , Focardi Amaranta , Paulsen Ian T. , Tetu Sasha G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPlastic pollution is a serious global problem, with more than 12 million tonnes of plastic waste entering the oceans every year. Plastic debris can have considerable impacts on microbial community structure and functions in marine environments, and has been associated with an enrichment in pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. However, our understanding of these impacts is largely restricted to microbial assemblages on plastic surfaces. It is therefore unclear whether these effects are driven by the surface properties of plastics, providing an additional niche for certain microbes residing in biofilms, and/or chemicals leached from plastics, the effects of which could extend to surrounding planktonic bacteria. Here, we examine the effects of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic leachate exposure on the relative abundance of genes associated with bacterial pathogenicity and AMR within a seawater microcosm community. We show that PVC leachate, in the absence of plastic surfaces, drives an enrichment in AMR and virulence genes. In particular, leachate exposure significantly enriches AMR genes that confer multidrug, aminoglycoside and peptide antibiotic resistance. Additionally, enrichment of genes involved in the extracellular secretion of virulence proteins was observed among pathogens of marine organisms. This study provides the first evidence that chemicals leached from plastic particles alone can enrich genes related to microbial pathogenesis within a bacterial community, expanding our knowledge of the environmental impacts of plastic pollution with potential consequences for human and ecosystem health.
Improvedin situCharacterization of Proteome-wide Protein Complex Dynamics with Thermal Proximity Co-Aggregation
Authors: Sun Siyuan , Zheng Zhenxiang , Wang Jun , Li Fengming , He An , Tian Ruijun , Tan Chris Soon Heng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVast majority of cellular activities are carried out by protein complexes that assembled dynamically in response to cellular needs and environmental cues. Large scale efforts had uncovered a large repertoire of functionally uncharacterized protein complexes which necessitate new strategies to delineate their roles in various cellular activities and diseases. Thermal proximity co-aggregation profiling could be readily deployed to simultaneously characterize the dynamics for hundreds to thousands of protein complexesin situacross different cellular conditions. Toward this goal, we had optimized the original method both experimentally and computationally. In this new iteration termed Slim-TPCA, fewer temperatures are used which increase throughputs by over 3X, while coupled with new scoring metrics and statistical evaluation resulted in minimal compromise in coverage and the detection of more relevant protein complexes. Overall, less samples are needed, false positives from batch effects are minimized and statistical evaluation time is reduced by two orders of magnitude. We applied Slim-TPCA to profile state of protein complexes in K562 cells under different duration of glucose deprivation. More protein complexes are found dissociated based on TPCA signature in accordance with expected downregulation of most cellular activities. These complexes include 55S ribosome and various respiratory complexes in mitochondria revealing the utility of TPCA to study protein complexes in organelles. On other hand, protein complexes involved in protein transport and degradation are found increasingly associated revealing their involvement in metabolic reprogramming during glucose deprivation. In summary. Slim-TPCA is an efficient strategy for proteome-wide characterization of protein complexes. The various algorithmic improvement of Slim-TPCA is available as Python package athttps://pypi.org/project/Slim-TPCA/
High-fidelity Database-free Deep Learning Reconstruction for Real-time Cine Cardiac MRI
Authors: Demirel Ömer Burak , Zhang Chi , Yaman Burhaneddin , Gulle Merve , Shenoy Chetan , Leiner Tim , Kellman Peter , Akçakaya Mehmet 
Published: February 2023

AbstractReal-time cine cardiac MRI provides an ECG-free free-breathing alternative to clinical gold-standard ECG-gated breath-hold segmented cine MRI for evaluation of heart function. Real-time cine MRI data acquisition during free breathing snapshot imaging enables imaging of patient cohorts that cannot be imaged with segmented or breath-hold acquisitions, but requires rapid imaging to achieve sufficient spatial-temporal resolutions. However, at high acceleration rates, conventional reconstruction techniques suffer from residual aliasing and temporal blurring, including advanced methods such as compressed sensing with radial trajectories. Recently, deep learning (DL) reconstruction has emerged as a powerful tool in MRI. However, its utility for free-breathing real-time cine MRI has been limited, as database-learning of spatio-temporal correlations with varying breathing and cardiac motion patterns across subjects has been challenging. Zero-shot self-supervised physics-guided deep learning (PG-DL) reconstruction has been proposed to overcome such challenges of database training by enabling subject-specific training. In this work, we adapt zeroshot PG-DL for real-time cine MRI with a spatio-temporal regularization. We compare our method to TGRAPPA, locally low-rank (LLR) regularized reconstruction and database-trained PG-DL reconstruction, both for retrospectively and prospectively accelerated datasets. Results on highly accelerated real-time Cartesian cine MRI show that the proposed method outperforms other reconstruction methods, both visibly in terms of noise and aliasing, and quantitatively.
A Photoactivated Protein Degrader for Optical Control of Synaptic Function
Authors: Ko T. , Jou C. , Grau-Perales A.B. , Reynders M. , Fenton A.A. , Trauner D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHundreds of proteins determine the function of synapses, and synapses define the neuronal circuits that subserve myriad brain, cognitive, and behavioral functions. It is thus necessary to precisely manipulate specific proteins at specific sub-cellular locations and times to elucidate the roles of particular proteins and synapses in brain function. We developed PHOtochemically TArgeting Chimeras (PHOTACs) as a strategy to optically degrade specific proteins with high spatial and temporal precision. PHOTACs are small molecules that, upon wavelength-selective illumination, catalyze ubiquitylation and degradation of target proteins through endogenous proteasomes. Here we describe the design and chemical properties of a PHOTAC that targets Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (CaMKIIα), which is abundant and crucial for baseline synaptic function of excitatory neurons. We validate the PHOTAC strategy, showing that theCaMKIIα-PHOTACis effective in mouse brain tissue. Light activation ofCaMKIIα-PHOTACremoved CaMKIIα from regions of the mouse hippocampus only within 25 μm of the illuminated brain surface. The optically-controlled degradation decreases synaptic function within minutes of light activation, measured by the light-initiated attenuation of evoked field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) responses to physiological stimulation. The PHOTACs methodology should be broadly applicable to other key proteins implicated in synaptic function, especially for evaluating their precise roles in the maintenance of long-term potentiation and memory within subcellular dendritic domains.