bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrient density and oral processing properties of common commercial complementary porridge samples used in southern Africa: Effect on energy and protein intakes among children aged 6–24 months
Authors: Makame James , De Kock Henriette , Emmambux M. Naushad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChild malnutrition is an endemic public health problem in Africa. Infants are supposed to receive complementary foods from about 6 months onwards, as breastmilk alone no longer provide adequate nutrients. Commercially available complementary foods (CACFs) form an important part of baby foods in developing countries. However, systematic evidence on whether they really meet optimal quality specifications for infant feeding is limited. Some CACFs commonly used in Southern Africa and other parts of the world were investigated to establish if they meet optimal quality standards for protein and energy content, viscosity, and oral texture. For the energy content, most CACFs for 6–24‐month‐old children both in the dry and ready‐to‐eat forms (range: 372.0–1816.0 kJ/100 g), were below Codex Alimentarius guidelines. The protein density of all CACFs (0.48–1.3 g/100 kJ) conformed with Codex Alimentarius requirements, but some (33%) were below the minimum World Health Organization (World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe (2019a). Commercial foods for infants and young children in the WHO European region) target of 0.7 g/100 kJ. Most CACFs had high viscosity values even at high shear rate of 50 s−1, and were too thick or thick, sticky, grainy, and slimy, which may limit nutrient intake in infants, potentially causing child malnutrition. There is a need to improve the oral viscosity and sensory texture of CACFs for better nutrient intake by infants.
Evolution of the rice blast pathogen on spatially structured rice landraces maintains multiple generalist fungal lineages
Authors: Ali Sajid , Gladieux Pierre , Ravel Sebastien , Adreit Henri , Meusnier Isabelle , Milazzo Joelle , Cros‐Arteil Sandrine , Bonnot François , Jin Baihui , Dumartinet Thomas , Charriat Florian , Lassagne Alexandre , He Xiahong , Tharreau Didier , Huang Huichuan , Morel Jean‐Benoît , Fournier Elisabeth 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTraditional agrosystems, where humans, crops and microbes have coevolved over long periods, can serve as models to understand the ecoevolutionary determinants of disease dynamics and help the engineering of durably resistant agrosystems. Here, we investigated the genetic and phenotypic relationship between rice (Oryza sativa) landraces and their rice blast pathogen (Pyricularia oryzae) in the traditional Yuanyang terraces of flooded rice paddies in China, where rice landraces have been grown and bred over centuries without significant disease outbreaks. Analyses of genetic subdivision revealed that indica rice plants clustered according to landrace names. Three new diverse lineages of rice blast specific to the Yuanyang terraces coexisted with lineages previously detected at the worldwide scale. Population subdivision in the pathogen population did not mirror pattern of population subdivision in the host. Measuring the pathogenicity of rice blast isolates on landraces revealed generalist life history traits. Our results suggest that the implementation of disease control strategies based on the emergence or maintenance of a generalist lifestyle in pathogens may sustainably reduce the burden of disease in crops.
The function of plant PR1 and other members of the CAP protein superfamily in plant–pathogen interactions
Authors: Han Zhu , Xiong Dianguang , Schneiter Roger , Tian Chengming 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe pathogenesis‐related (PR) proteins of plants have originally been identified as proteins that are strongly induced upon biotic and abiotic stress. These proteins fall into 17 distinct classes (PR1–PR17). The mode of action of most of these PR proteins has been well characterized, except for PR1, which belongs to a widespread superfamily of proteins that share a common CAP domain. Proteins of this family are not only expressed in plants but also in humans and in many different pathogens, including phytopathogenic nematodes and fungi. These proteins are associated with a diverse range of physiological functions. However, their precise mode of action has remained elusive. The importance of these proteins in immune defence is illustrated by the fact that PR1 overexpression in plants results in increased resistance against pathogens. However, PR1‐like CAP proteins are also produced by pathogens and deletion of these genes results in reduced virulence, suggesting that CAP proteins can exert both defensive and offensive functions. Recent progress has revealed that plant PR1 is proteolytically cleaved to release a C‐terminal CAPE1 peptide, which is sufficient to activate an immune response. The release of this signalling peptide is blocked by pathogenic effectors to evade immune defence. Moreover, plant PR1 forms complexes with other PR family members, including PR5, also known as thaumatin, and PR14, a lipid transfer protein, to enhance the host's immune response. Here, we discuss possible functions of PR1 proteins and their interactors, particularly in light of the fact that these proteins can bind lipids, which have important immune signalling functions.
Exosomes, microvesicles, and other extracellular vesicles—a Keystone Symposia report
Authors: Cable Jennifer , Witwer Kenneth W. , Coffey Robert J. , Milosavljevic Aleksandar , von Lersner Ariana K. , Jimenez Lizandra , Pucci Ferdinando , Barr Maureen M. , Dekker Niek , Barman Bahnisikha , Humphrys Daniel , Williams Justin , de Palma Michele , Guo Wei , Bastos Nuno , Hill Andrew F. , Levy Efrat , Hantak Michael P. , Crewe Clair , Aikawa Elena , Adamczyk Alan M. , Zanotto Tamires M. , Ostrowski Matias , Arab Tanina , Rabe Daniel C. , Sheikh Aadil , da Silva Danilo Rodrigues , Jones Jennifer C. , Okeoma Chioma , Gaborski Thomas , Zhang Qin , Gololobova Olesia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, lipid‐bilayer‐bound particles released by cells that can contain important bioactive molecules, including lipids, RNAs, and proteins. Once released in the extracellular environment, EVs can act as messengers locally as well as to distant tissues to coordinate tissue homeostasis and systemic responses. There is a growing interest in not only understanding the physiology of EVs as signaling particles but also leveraging them as minimally invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers (e.g., they can be found in biofluids) and drug‐delivery vehicles. On October 30–November 2, 2022, researchers in the EV field convened for the Keystone symposium “Exosomes, Microvesicles, and Other Extracellular Vesicles” to discuss developing standardized language and methodology, new data on the basic biology of EVs and potential clinical utility, as well as novel technologies to isolate and characterize EVs.
Mechanisms of mechanical force aggravating periodontitis: A review
Authors: Liu Xinran , Li Jiaxin , Yue Yuan , Li Jinle , Wang Min , Hao Liang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPeriodontitis is a widespread oral disease accompanied by uncontrolled inflammation‐related tissue destruction. Periodontitis is related to various factors. Among them, occlusal trauma can aggravate the severity of periodontitis and has been attracting a great deal of attention. We systematically searched PubMed and Web of Science databases for related articles. Keywords for the search were “mechanical force”, “mechanical stress”, “occlusal trauma” and “periodontitis”. This review focuses on the effect of mechanical forces on periodontitis and discusses the possible pivotal targets participating in this process. We elucidated and summarized 21 articles that reported on our topic. Several biological processes and pathways that participate in enhancing the inflammatory response to mechanical stress have been studied, including the regulation of osteogenesis and osteoclastic resorption balance, Yes‐associated protein signaling, induction of collagen destruction, and regulation of programmed cell death. Mechanical force enhances the process of periodontitis in multiple ways. However, currently, no studies have further examined its underlying mechanism. Understanding the specific roles of mechanical forces may assist in the treatment of periodontitis with traumatic occlusal trauma.
Breeding of Persian melon: Purpose to increase volatile compounds in melon (Cucumis melo) intergroup F1 cross population
Authors: Soltani Forouzandeh , Nouri Mojtaba , Shokrpour Majid , Alabboud Michael , Erban Alexander , Fehrle Ines , Kopka Joachim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the volatile profile of melon is an ever increasingly important task for breeders for enhancing their flavour component. For this purpose, F1 progeny and parental lines were analysed using headspace‐solid phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based analysis. Diallel analysis showed that most of the investigated compounds were controlled via non‐additive genetic effects with general combining ability to specific combining ability ratios of less than 0.4. High heterosis results were observed in alcohols such as ethanol and octanol in both rind and mesocarp samples and benzylalcohol in the rind. It was also noted that the ester‐based compounds with high heterosis values in mesocarp samples differed from those with heterosis in rind samples. These observations further emphasize the non‐additive control of these compounds. It can be concluded that non‐additive genetic control is strongly governing the genetic profile within the studied progeny. This finding indicated that dudaim lines as a valuable genetic material enhanced the volatile profile of odourless commercial types of ameri and inodorus melon.
Linear juvenile dermatomyositis: A segmental manifestation
Authors: Alamon‐Reig Francesc , Sánchez‐Puigdollers Anna , Juan‐Carpena Gloria , Sanhueza Tamara , Bosquez David , Prat Carolina , Vicente‐Villa Asunción , Baselga Eulalia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA 7‐year‐old girl presented with proximal muscle weakness and skin lesions. Physical examination revealed violaceous papules on the right forearm in a blaschkoid distribution. Her symptoms and test results were consistent with juvenile dermatomyositis. An unusual superimposed segmental manifestation of this disease is discussed.
Consumer self‐design and brand competition
Authors: Gu Zheyin (Jane) , Tayi Giri K. 
Published: March 2023

We examine competing brands' incentive to offer a self‐designable package that consumers can modify to ensure fit, in addition to offering a standard, pre‐configured product. While “amateurs” with low self‐design capability prefer a standard, pre‐configured product and can have strong preference for a particular brand, “experts” with high self‐design capability prefer a self‐designable package and tend to be indifferent between competing brands. First, we find that asymmetric equilibrium can arise where only one brand offers a self‐designable package and the other brand offers a standard product only. That is, brands can avoid the lose–lose situation, where both offer the self‐designable package but intensified price competition makes both lose profit. This lose–lose situation can be completely avoided when the two brands offer self‐designable packages that are completely nondifferentiated, but may arise in equilibrium and cause the “prisoner's dilemma” when the packages are slightly differentiated. Second, we show that between two competing brands whose standard products have different attractions, the less powerful brand that offers the less attractive standard product is more likely to be the only provider of the self‐designable package. Finally, we find that consumer surplus can be greater when the more powerful brand is the only provider of the self‐designable package than when the less powerful brand is the only provider.
Sourcing and pricing decisions under upstream competition with a financially distressed supplier, endogenous bankruptcy risk, and a backup supply option
Authors: Gernert Andreas K. , Wuttke David A. , Heese H. Sebastian 
Published: March 2023

To maintain future supplier competition, manufacturers may support financially distressed suppliers by sourcing from them, even if they are less efficient than competitors, and by procuring larger quantities from them at higher prices. We analyze these strategies in a model in which a manufacturer decides for one of two available suppliers, supplier bankruptcy risk is endogenous, and financial distress can lead to internal or external reorganization. Following bankruptcy, the remaining supplier may serve as a backup option. Our research identifies settings in which the manufacturer should support the distressed supplier. We also find that in some cases, a nondistressed supplier may charge price premiums due to its competitor's distress, while in other cases, it may use predatory pricing to drive its competitor into bankruptcy. We complement our results with a small case study and show how our model can explain patterns observed in industry.
Association of genotypes at rs438228855 in bovine SLC35A3 receptor gene of Pakistani cattle with the susceptibility to develop complex vertebral malformation
Authors: Rafiq Ambar , Zareen Gul , Akbar Sana , Asif Muhammad , Ahmed Nadeem , Bibi Nashra , Habiba Ume , Khan Asmat Ullah , Shaikh Rehan Sadiq , Iqbal Furhan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to report the genotype and allelic frequency at rs438228855 (G > T) in SLC35A3 receptor gene and its association with a complex vertebral malformation (CMV) in the enrolled Pakistani cattle. Our results indicated that allelic and genotype frequency at rs438228855 varied non‐significantly (p > .05) among the three enrolled cattle breeds. GT (heterozygous) genotype was most abundant (0.54) followed by GG (wild type) genotype (0.45) while the mutant genotype (TT) was not observed among the enrolled cattle. It was observed that the Holstein Friesian breed had more GG (wild) than GT (heterozygous) genotypes while Sahiwal and cross cattle breed had more heterozygous (GT) combination at rs438228855 than the wild (GG) genotype. Significant variations in white blood cell count, % lymphocytes, red blood cell count, % monocytes, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration were observed when compared between the enrolled cattle breeds. Most of the studied haematological parameters showed no association with the genotype at rs438228855. In conclusion, the heterozygosity at rs438228855 is not limited to the Holstein Friesian breed as local Sahiwal and crossbred cattle had also higher heterozygosity at rs438228855. We recommend that animals must be genotyped for rs438228855 before their selection as breeders to prevent economic losses.
Flip focus and emphasise patient resources in person‐centred care over the telephone—A retrospective descriptive study
Authors: Ulin Kerstin , Fors Andreas , Ali Lilas , Ekman Inger , Jansson Inger 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimThe study aim was to describe the content of person‐centred health plans, formulated via telephone conversations between registered nurses and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or chronic heart failure.MethodPatients who had been hospitalised due to worsening chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or chronic heart failure were enrolled. After hospital discharge, the patients received a person‐centred telephone support where a health plan was co‐created with registered nurses who had received training in the theory and practice of person‐centred care. A retrospective descriptive review of 95 health plans using content analysis was conducted.ResultsThe health plan content revealed personal resources such as optimism and motivation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or chronic heart failure. Although patients reported severe dyspnoea symptoms, the most common goals were to engage in physical activity and to be able to manage social life and leisure activities. Additionally, the health plans illustrated that patients were capable of using their own interventions to reach their goals rather than accessing municipal and health care support.ConclusionThe focus on listening, that person‐centred telephone care affords, promotes the patient's own goals, interventions, and resources, which can be used to tailor support and engage the patient as an active partner in their care. The flipped focus from patient to person highlights the person's own resources, which in turn may contribute to a reduced need for hospital care.
Caregivers' experiences of end‐of‐life caregiving to severely ill relatives with cancer dying at home: A qualitative study in the Faroe Islands
Authors: Johannesen Elsa J. D. , Timm Helle , Róin Ása 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimIt is common among people with advanced cancer to wish to die at home, but only a few succeed in doing so. The willingness of family members to care for a person, who wants to die at home, is crucial This qualitative study aimed to provide insight into conditions that make dying at home possible in a small‐scale society and to describe family caregivers' experiences of providing end‐of‐life care in a private home setting.MethodsThirteen caregivers were interviewed, their ages varying from 39 to 84 years. A phenomenological approach, inspired by Giorgi, was applied.ResultsTwo essential structures captured the experience of caring at home until death: ‘Managing end‐of‐life care’ and ‘meaningfulness in a time of impending death’. It was mainly the family, and especially family members with a healthcare background, together with the district nurses, who supported the caregivers in managing the care of a dying relative at home. Being able to fulfil their relative's wish to die at home and to come closer together as a family made the caregivers feel their efforts meaningful.ConclusionOur findings point to the importance of having access to home care day and night for the caregivers to feel secure during the night‐time. As of now, this is only an option in larger towns in the Faroe Islands, which might also be the case in outskirts areas in other countries. Our findings also showed an unmet need for support to ease the mental load on caregivers. Establishing an outgoing interdisciplinary palliative team would help to increase the number of people who want to die at home and succeed in doing so by giving the caregivers emotional and advisory support.
Associations of grip strength and walking pace with mortality in stroke survivors: A prospective study from UK Biobank
Authors: Soltanisarvestani Maryam , Lynskey Nathan , Gray Stuart , Gill Jason M. R. , Pell Jill P. , Sattar Naveed , Welsh Paul , Ho Frederick K. , Celis‐Morales Carlos , Peterman‐Rocha Fanny 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionAlthough stroke is an emerging cause of disability and mortality globally, associations between physical capability markers and mortality in stroke survivors are elusive. This study investigated the individual and combined associations of walking pace and grip strength with all‐cause and stroke mortality in stroke survivors.MethodsIndividual and combined associations of walking pace and grip strength with stroke deaths and all‐cause mortality were investigated using Cox proportional‐hazard models adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health‐related variables.ResultsSeven thousand four hundred eighty‐six stroke survivors from the UK Biobank study (aged 40–70 years; 42.4% women) were included in this prospective study. Over a median follow‐up of 12.6 (IQR: 11.9–13.3) years, 1490 (19.9%) participants died, of whom 222 (3.0%) died from stroke. After adjusting for confounding factors, and compared to individuals in the average/brisk walking pace category, those who reported a slow walking pace had 2.00 (95% CI: 1.50–2.68) and 1.99 (95% CI: 1.78–2.23) times higher risk of stroke mortality and all‐cause mortality, respectively. Similar associations were identified for participants with low grip strength compared with those with normal levels. For combined associations, those with both slow walking pace and low grip strength showed the highest risk of stroke mortality (hazard ratio: 2.86 [95% CI: 1.93–4.22]). Similar results were found for all‐cause mortality.ConclusionsLow grip strength and slow walking pace were associated with a higher risk of stroke and all‐cause mortality in stroke survivors. If these associations are causal, improving physical capability among stroke survivors might potentially prolong survival.
Effects of a concurrent exercise training program on low back and sciatic pain and pain disability in late pregnancy
Authors: Aparicio Virginia A. , Marín‐Jiménez Nuria , Flor‐Alemany Marta , Acosta‐Manzano Pedro , Coll‐Risco Irene , Baena‐García Laura 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to explore the influence of a concurrent exercise (aerobic + resistance) training program, from the 17th gestational week (g.w.) until birth on low back and sciatic pain, and pain disability. A total of 93 pregnant women divided into exercise (n = 49) and control (n = 44) groups followed a 60‐min, 3 days/week, concurrent exercise training.MethodsLow back and sciatic pain were measured with a Visual Analogic Scale (VAS). The disability resulting from pain was assessed with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Measures were performed at the 16th and 34th g.w.ResultsThe exercise group increased 21.9 mm less the VAS low back (between‐group differences (B): 95% CI: −33.6 to −10.2; p < 0.001) and 12.9 mm less the VAS sciatica score (between‐group differences: 95% CI (B): −21.8 to −4.0; p = 0.005) than the control group. Regarding the ODI questionnaire, the exercise group increased 0.7, 0.5, and 0.7 less than the control group in pain while sleeping (between‐group differences (B): 95% CI: −1.4 to −0.01; p = 0.025), pain while lifting weight (between‐group differences (B): 95% CI: −0.9 to −0.01; p = 0.016), and limitations of the social life due to pain (between‐group differences(B): 95% CI: −1.3 to −0.06; p = 0.032). Furthermore, the exercise group suffered 6.9% less pain than the control group in the ODI total score (between‐group differences (B): 95% CI: −13.9 to 0.053; p = 0.052).ConclusionThis concurrent exercise training program adapted to pregnant women improved pain compared to controls.