bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of non-intrusive laser exfoliation to improve substance uptake into citrus leaves
Authors: Ponce Cabrera Luis , Etxeberria Ed , Gonzalez Pedro , Flores Reyes Teresa 
Published: May 2023

Background: Despite the presence of stomata in leaves, foliar application of agrochemicals can be extremely inefficient due to the low permeability of leaf cuticular surfaces to polar compounds. Methods: This study introduced a laser-based “wax exfoliation” method to facilitate the penetration of substances into the leaf and, together with enhancing their uptake into the phloem and subsequent transport across tissue. This investigation demonstrated the effectiveness and non-invasive properties of laser exfoliation to improve the penetration of foliar-applied substances into citrus leaves. Results: This work presents the use of laser energy to exfoliate the cuticle of a leaf, with the highest energy density of 0.76 J/ cm2 resulting in 85-90% exfoliation across the entire laser-spot area. The infrared wavelength of the erbium laser is specifically chosen to target the wax cuticle without causing damage to the underlying epidermal cells. This selective ablation allows for increased penetration of therapeutic compounds into the leaf and transportation throughout the plant's vasculature. This is demonstrated using a fluorescent glucose analog applied to the laser treated leaves, showing increased penetration and transport throughout the leaf. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that the use of laser technology for the foliar application of agrochemicals provides significant advantages, including improved foliage uptake of therapeutic compounds. The method of cuticle exfoliation presented in this study is highly effective and non-intrusive, limiting its effects to the cuticle only. Future work should focus on the development of prototypes for in-field applications, including testing at longer distances as the Er:YAG laser does not require a lens for this application.
Evaluation of paraoxonase I and hemoglobin levels in farmers and agricultural workers in relation to pesticide levels in their blood and urine samples: A cross sectional study
Authors: Bhat Vinutha , Nayak Pragati , Bakkannavar Shankar , Udupa Padmanabha 
Published: May 2023

Background: Pesticides are chemicals that have become common household products in developing countries. The purpose of pesticides is to manage agricultural work. The majority of pesticides for indoor and agricultural use are carbamate and organophosphorus. Toxicity is caused due to excess and improper use or disposal of these chemical agents. Slow exposure to pesticides causes chronic poisoning whereas rapid exposure causes acute poisoning. The paraoxonase I (PON 1) enzyme has a role in detoxifying some of the oxon derivatives which thereby inhibit acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Methods: This study analyzed farmers who were exposed intermittently to organophosphorus and carbamates pesticides during farming for more than five years. Serum paraoxonase I was evaluated by colorimetry method, and hemoglobin levels were evaluated using portable Fresenius Kabi haemoglobinometer. Results: The study showed that the pesticides were found in the blood and urine samples of farmers and there was an alteration of paraoxonase I and hemoglobin levels in them due to the exposure of pesticides in large quantities over some time. The present study showed around 81% of the participants who were intermittently exposed to pesticides for more than five years were detected with pesticide toxicity. The paraoxonase I level was altered in farmers who were positive for organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides. The hemoglobin level did not show much variation among the farmers exposed to pesticides. This may be due to the lifestyle of the subjects, climatic variations and also their eating habits. Conclusions: The study suggested that there was alteration in the levels of PON1 and hemoglobin in farmers and agricultural workers with positive organophosphorus and carbamates in their blood and urine samples. As our study was done without quantifying the amount of pesticides, further studies can be done by quantifying the pesticide level and comparing it with the paraoxonase I level.
Protocol Development for a Qualitative Methodological Study Within a Trial (Qual-SWAT): The KARMA-Dep-2 Trial
Authors: McCaffrey John , Hunter Andrew 
Published: May 2023

Background: Despite methodological improvements in clinical trial design and conduct more generally, methodological limitations persist in trials concerning mental health care. A qualitative Study Within A Trial (Qual-SWAT), embedded in the KARMA-Dep-2 host trial, will be undertaken to explore and gain an understanding of two methodological questions in randomised trials specific to mental health care: (1) what are the key barriers and enablers of participation in randomised trials in mental health; and (2) how can randomised trials become part of routine mental health care. These issues will be examined from patient-participant and clinician- / researcher-participant perspectives, in alignment with PRioRiTy research themes. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study design will be used. Data will be collected via one-to-one semi-structured interviews, conducted via Microsoft Teams. The interview data will be analysed using Braun and Clarke’s Thematic Analysis approach. One-to-one interviews will be conducted with three participant groups (N = 60): 1) host trial patient-participants (n = 20); 2) eligible host trial patient-participants who refused enrolment in the host trial (n = 20); and 3) clinician- / researcher-participants who are associated with work on the host trial (n = 20). Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval has been granted by St. Patrick’s Mental Health Services Research Ethics Committee, Ireland (Ref: Protocol 09/20). When the study is completed, a report will be prepared and submitted to the Health Research Board (HRB). Findings will be shared with the host trial team and study participants and submitted for publication. Host trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04939649); EudraCT (2019-003109-92). Official title: Ketamine as an Adjunctive Therapy for Major Depression - A Randomised Controlled Trial: [KARMA-Dep (2)].
Movilizaciones sociales, desconfianza en los medios y falta de pluralismo: El caso de Panamá
Authors: Urribarri Raisa 
Published: May 2023

Este artículo resulta de una investigación exploratoria y descriptiva sobre la desconfianza en los medios de comunicación en el contexto de las movilizaciones sociales en Panamá en julio de 2022. Partiendo de las críticas expresadas por los grupos movilizados acerca de la cobertura del conflicto por los medios de comunicación tradicionales, se hizo un monitoreo en prensa y televisión para detectar las vocerías en los espacios informativos y de opinión durante ese mes y se procedió a analizar su contenido. Luego de revisar investigaciones recientes sobre el tratamiento dado por los medios de comunicación a las manifestaciones sociales en algunos países de América Latina, y de obtener resultados que avalan parcialmente la percepción de los grupos en conflicto, se plantea que la desconfianza podría estar relacionada con la falta de pluralismo. Al enfocarse en un evento y país específico, los hallazgos no pueden extrapolarse a otros contextos y situaciones, pero abren paso a estudios más profundos para comprender las causas de un problema tan complejo como la creciente desconfianza ciudadana en los medios de comunicación, especialmente en el contexto latinoamericano, donde podría operar como un catalizador de la creciente insatisfacción ciudadana con la democracia.
How Advance Sales Can Reduce Profits: When to Buy, When to Sell, and What Price to Charge
Authors: Glazer Amihai , Hassin Refael , Nowik Irit 
Published: May 2023

Problem definition: Consider consumers who prefer to consume a good later rather than earlier. If the price is constant, then we would expect consumers to wait to buy the good. That does not hold if consumers are concerned that others will buy the good early, so that a shortage will later occur. When will consumers arrive when they fear a shortage? What is the profit-maximizing policy of a monopolist? Might the firm lose profits by offering advance sales? The timing of consumer arrivals is much studied. Little consideration, however, has addressed how anticipated shortages affect arrival times. The application is important: managers want to know when consumers will arrive, when they should make the product available, and what price to charge to maximize profits. Methodology/results: We use game theory. We analyze analytically outcomes when a single item is for sale: we give closed solutions for the equilibrium customer behavior and profit-maximizing firm strategy and conduct sensitivity analysis. For generalization concerning more than one unit, we give some analytical results and provide many numerical solutions. When the price is constant over time, then even with no operating cost of doing so, offering advance sales reduces profits. If, however, the firm must offer both advance sales and later sales, then the profit-maximizing price induces all arrivals at the same time (either early or late, depending on the parameters). An increase in the number of units offered for sale increases the profit-maximizing price and increases the firm’s expected profit. The equilibrium strategy of consumers can generate some unexpected behavior. The arrival rate may increase with the price of the good. For a given price, an increase in the number of units for sale increases the number of consumers who arrive early. Managerial implications: The firm should offer the good only at the time consumers most desire it, and not earlier. Additionally, the profit-maximizing price can be derived from our analysis. This price is not the price which maximizes the expected number of arrivals. Funding: This work was supported by the Israel Science Foundation [Grant 852/22]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.1218 .
Behaviour change interventions for the control and elimination of schistosomiasis: A systematic review of evidence from low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Torres-Vitolas Carlos A. , Trienekens Suzan C. M. , Zaadnoordijk Willemijn , Gouvras Anouk N. 
Published: May 2023

Background
For the last two decades, schistosomiasis control efforts have focussed on preventive treatment. The disease, however, still affects over 200 million people worldwide. Behaviour change (BC) interventions can strengthen control by interrupting transmission through modifying exposure behaviour (water contact) or transmission practices (open urination/defaecation); or through fostering treatment seeking or acceptance. This review examines these interventions to assess their effectiveness in modifying risk practices and affecting epidemiological trends.

Methodology/Principal findings
A systematic multi-database literature search (PROSPERO CRD42021252368) was conducted for peer-reviewed publications released at any time before June 2021 assessing BC interventions for schistosomiasis control in low- and middle-income countries. 2,593 unique abstracts were identified, 66 were assigned to full text review, and 32 met all inclusion criteria.
A typology of intervention models was outlined according to their use of behaviour change techniques and overarching rationale: health education (HEIs), social-environmental (SEIs), physical-environmental (PEIs), and incentives-centred interventions (ICIs). Available evidence does not allow to identify which BC approach is most effective in controlling risk behaviour to prevent schistosomiasis transmission. HEIs’ impacts were observed to be limited by structural considerations, like infrastructure underdevelopment, economic obligations, socio-cultural traditions, and the natural environment. SEIs may address those challenges through participatory planning and implementation activities, which enable social structures, like governance and norms, to support BC. Their effects, however, appear context-sensitive. The importance of infrastructure investments was highlighted by intervention models. To adequately support BC, however, they require users’ inputs and complementary services. Whilst ICIs reported positive impacts on treatment uptake, there are cost-effectiveness and sustainability concerns. Evaluation studies yielded limited evidence of independent epidemiological impacts from BC, due to limited use of suitable indicators and comparators. There was indicative evidence, however, that BC projects could sustain gains through treatment campaigns.

Conclusions/Significance
There is a need for integrated interventions combining information provision, community-based planning, and infrastructure investments to support BC for schistosomiasis control. Programmes should carefully assess local conditions before implementation and consider that long-term support is likely needed. Available evidence indicates that BC interventions may contribute towards schistosomiasis control when accompanied by treatment activities. Further methodologically robust evidence is needed to ascertain the direct epidemiological benefits of BC.
Prevalence of anemia in diabetes mellitus in South Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mazumder Hoimonty , Islam Kazi Faria , Rahman Farzana , Gain Easter Protiva , Saha Nobonita , Eva Irfath Sharmin , Shimul Md Monir Hossain , Das Jyoti , Hossain M. Mahbub 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveAnemia and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) are amongst major clinical and public health challenges in South Asia that influence the progression of chronic health problems in this population. Despite a growing body of research on these problems, there is a lack synthesized evidence on the burden of anemia among people with DM in this region. This meta-analytic review was conducted to estimate the prevalence of anemia among people with DM in South Asia.MethodsA systematic search of the literature was conducted in five primary databases and additional sources up to July 29, 2022, that reported the prevalence of anemia among DM patients in any of the eight South Asian countries. Observational studies that met pre-determined eligibility criteria according to the protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022348433) were included in this meta-analysis. Random effect models were used to estimate pooled prevalence.ResultsOf the 40 eligible studies, 38 underwent meta-analysis representing 14,194 participants with DM. The pooled prevalence of anemia was 45% (95% CI: 37.0–54.0,I2= 99.28%, p = 0.00) among diabetic people in South Asia. In sub-group analysis, the pooled prevalence of anemia was higher in females (48%, 95% CI: 37.0–60.0,I2= 98.86%, p = 0.00) compared to males (39%, 95% CI: 29.0–48.0,I2= 98.18%, p = 0.00). Diabetic patients with older age (≥ 50 years) reported higher pooled estimates of anemia (48%, 95% CI: 38.0–58.0,I2= 99.07%) than younger age group (< 50 years) (34%, 95% CI: 21.0–47.0,I2= 98.83%). In addition, we found variation in pooled prevalence estimates of anemia considering the type of DM, such as type 1 reported 2% (95% CI: 0.00–4.00), type-2 reported 48% (95% CI: 40.0–56.0,I2= 98.94%), and Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) reported 6% (95% CI: 3.00–12.0).ConclusionHigh pooled estimates of anemia among diabetic patients in South Asia, including publication bias, warrants further clinical and public health research following standard research methods to understand the more context-specific epidemiological insights and evidence.
Valoración de la incidencia de PRM/RNM en pacientes tratados con anticoagulantes orales y evaluación de la intervención farmacéutica en farmacia comunitaria
Authors: Martínez de Morentin de Benito Laura María , Treceño Lobato Carlos , Valles Martín Elena 
Published: May 2023

En los últimos años se ha incrementado el consumo de anticoagulantes orales debido a la alta incidencia de enfermedades cardiovasculares y al desarrollo de nuevos medicamentos. Estos fármacos están relacionados con un elevado índice de problemas de salud relacionados con PRM/RNM.
Se realizó un estudio observacional y transversal en una farmacia comunitaria urbana de Valladolid para evaluar la seguridad de los ACOD en comparación con los AVK en función de la identificación de PRM/RNM en pacientes ambulatorios.
El número de PRM/RNM por paciente en la muestra fue de 10,15, que implicaba 5,45 intervenciones potenciales. Los pacientes tratados con ACOD presentaron 2,3 PRM/RNM más que los tratados con AVK, lo que deriva en 1,3 intervenciones potenciales más. Sin embargo, cuando tenemos en cuenta sólo los PRM/RNM derivados de la terapia anticoagulante, los AVK producen 3,0 PRM/RNM frente a 1,4 PRM/RNM derivados del consumo de ACOD. Además, los pacientes tratados con AVK tienen 1,20 PRM/RNM moderados o graves más que los pacientes tratados con ACOD.
Estos datos demuestran que este tipo de pacientes debe ser un objetivo proactivo en los programas de atención farmacéutica.
Influence of Demographic Factors on Clinical Outcomes in Adults With Chronic Idiopathic Constipation Treated With Plecanatide
Authors: Rao Satish S.C. , Laitman Adam P. , Miner Philip B. 
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) is a common condition that affects some patient groups more often. Demographic/clinical characteristics can differ in presentation and therapeutic response. The impact of these characteristics on plecanatide efficacy/safety was examined.

METHODS:
Data from 2 identically designed, randomized, phase 3 trials of adults with CIC receiving 3 mg of plecanatide, 6 mg of plecanatide, or placebo for 12 weeks were analyzed. Subgroups were baseline age, body mass index (BMI), race/ethnicity, and sex/gender. Endpoints included durable overall complete spontaneous bowel movement (CSBM) responder rate, weekly CSBMs and spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs), and adverse events.

RESULTS:
Overall (N = 2,639; 3 mg of plecanatide [n = 877]; 6 mg of plecanatide [n = 877]; and placebo [n = 885]), CSBM responder rates were significantly greater with 3 mg of plecanatide and 6 mg of plecanatide vs placebo in subgroups with those younger than 65 years (P < 0.001), females (P < 0.001), White individuals (P < 0.001), and BMI <25 kg/m2 (P ≤ 0.004) and 25–30 kg/m2 (P < 0.001); as well, for 3 mg: 65 years or older (P = 0.03), non-White individuals (P < 0.001), and BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (P = 0.02). Improvement from baseline in weekly CSBM and SBM frequency occurred in all subgroups for both plecanatide doses vs placebo (P ≤ 0.02) at week 12, except those aged 65 years or older for 6 mg of plecanatide. The most common adverse event was diarrhea (3 mg [4.9%]; 6 mg [5.4%]; and placebo [1.3%]).

DISCUSSION:
Pooled data from identically designed CIC trials strengthened the ability to identify meaningful subgroup comparisons regarding plecanatide efficacy and safety.
Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Morinda Citrifolia fruit extract
Authors: Susilawati Susilawati , Anwar Chairil , Saleh Masagus Irsan , Salni Salni , Hermansyah Hermansyah , Oktiarni Dwita 
Published: May 2023

Noni (Morinda citrifolia) fruit is a well-known plant used as a traditional medicine for preventing some diseases because of its abundance in chemical compounds. This research aimed to determine the phytochemical concentration, chemical composition, and antifungal activity of M. citrifolia fruit extract. M. citrifolia fruit was extracted with methanol and then distilled water for the partition extract. Subsequently, the extract was fractionated using various nonpolar to polar solutions, such as; chloroform, ethyl acetate, water, 2-propanol, and methanol fractions. Each fraction was evaporated until the dry extract was released. Additionally, the photochemical concentration of the M. citrifolia fruit extract was quantitatively determined using a UV-visible spectrophotometer. The chemical composition of the M. citrifolia fruit extract of each fraction was identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Then, the antifungal activity of M.citrifolia fruit extract against C. albicans and C. krusei was determined using the disc diffusion method. The results showed that the phytochemical concentration of the M. citrifolia fruit extract was 1970.25 ppm flavonoids, 35.61 ppm tannins, and 148.62 ppm steroids. 2-Fluorobenzoic acid, eucalyptol, 2-chloroaniline-5-sulfonic acid, hexa-decamethyl octasiloxane, and tetra-propyl stannane were found to be the major components of M. citrifolia fruit extract. According to the research, M. citrifolia fruit extract showed antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. krusei in all tested fractions. The maximum inhibition zone of C. albicans was 14.0 ± 1.00 mm in the 2-propanol fraction, while that of C. krusei was 11.7 ± 0.58 mm in the methanol fraction.
Playing on the Expectations: Seth’s It’s a Good Life, If You Don’t Weaken (1993–1996) as Graphic Autofiction
Authors: Stupak Svitlana 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The article revises the well-established reading of the Canadian author and artist Seth’s first graphic novel It’s a Good Life, If You Don’t Weaken (1993–1996) as autofiction, employing a more recent theorization on autofiction and the autofictional (that is, autofictional pact and strategies of counterfactuality). Seth consciously constructs his narrative identity, exploiting generic conventions and respective social expectations, which arise at the turn of the twenty-first century in light of the rising popularity of confessional writing in American alternative comics. Within the scope of this article, I touch upon the pragmatic of authorial self-articulation, that is, manipulation of architextual relations by means of his pseudonym, professional label, and genre elements, as well as the functional analysis of the binary system of characters. The study suggests the importance of differentiating between the fictional and referential in autofiction in order to preserve the autofictional equilibrium of establishment and subversion of authenticity.
Higher integrability for anisotropic parabolic systems of p-Laplace type
Authors: Mons Leon 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this article, we consider anisotropic parabolic systems of

p

p

-Laplace type. The model case is the parabolic

p

i

{p}_{i}

-Laplace system

u

t

−

∑

i
=
1

n

∂

∂

x

i

(

∣

D

i

u

∣

p

i

−
2

D

i

u

)

=
0

{u}_{t}-\mathop{\sum }\limits_{i=1}^{n}\frac{\partial }{\partial {x}_{i}}({| {D}_{i}u| }^{{p}_{i}-2}{D}_{i}u)=0

with exponents

p

i

≥
2

{p}_{i}\ge 2

. Under the assumption that the exponents are not too far apart, i.e., the difference

p

max

−

p

min

{p}_{\max }-{p}_{\min }

is sufficiently small, we establish a higher integrability result for weak solutions. This extends a result, which was only known for the elliptic setting, to the parabolic setting.