bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rise Of Intraocular Pressure After Nd: YAG Laser Capsulotomy
Authors: Shams Asma , Das Narain , Kumar Jai , Khan Beenish , Bhatti M. Nasir , Tariq Anas Bin , Anwar Adnan 
Published: February 2023

Objective: Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after cataract is a common complication of extra capsular cataract extraction with or without intraocular lens implantation. Aim of this study was to evaluate changes in intraocular pressure after Nd-Yag laser posterior capsulotomy for PCO.
Methodology: This retrospective study using convenient sampling technique was done at Eye Department of Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir BhuttoMedical College Lyari, Sindh Government General Hospital, Karachi for six months (1st January 2020 to 30th June 2020. After ethical approval and informed permission from patients and guardian, data was collected and analyzed by SPSS version 20 and presented by calculating mean and standard deviation for quantitative data and frequency and percentages for qualitative data.
Results: Total 50 patients (20 males and 30 females) were studied where 22 right and 28 left eyes. Mean age was 59.08 years. Mean pre-operative IOP was 13.28 and 13.12 mmHg of right and left eye respectively (Table I). At 2 hours mean IOP was 16.84±3.63 mmHg and after one week 12.48±2.0 mmHg. Base line pre-laser IOP was measured by Goldman Applanation Tonometer (GAT) and slit lamp examination. Pupils were dilated using 1% tropicamide eye drops. IOP was evaluated immediate post-procedure, two hours post–procedure and one week from date of laser.
Conclusion: Nd –Yag laser capsulotomy is treatment of choice for PCO and associated with complications like Raised Intraocular Pressure (IOP), Intraocular lens pitting, cystoid macular oedema, retinal detachment. Raised IOP is most common complication and prescribing anti-glaucoma drugs in order to decrease intraocular pressure.
Chronic Inflammatory Changes In Esophageal Mucosa of Albino Rats Following Prolonged Intake of Carbonated Drinks.
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Mazhar Ashhad , Parveen Naila , Farhan Sara , Riaz Lubna , Shahid Riaz Ahmed 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Carbonated beverages include soft drinks or sodas which contain carbondioxide and that when ingested for prolonged period of time lowers the intra-esophageal pH and can lead to histopathological changes in the mucosa.
Objective: To study the effects of prolonged intake of carbonated drinks on the oesophagus of albino rats.
Method: This experimental study was carried out at Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College for a period of six months. Seventy five rats of wistar strain (gender non specific) were divided into ‘control groups ‘A1 n=10, A2 n=10, A3 n=10 & ‘exposed groups’ B n=15, C n=15 and D n=15.The controls and the exposed animals were fed the same balanced diet, prepared at the lab’s kitchen. The fluid intake of exposed animals was restricted to carbonated drinks only, whereas, the controls were fed water.At the end of the first, third and sixth months, groups A1&B, A2&C and A3&D were sacrificed and histological section of oesophagus were obtained for histomorphological studies.
Results:
On micrometry, width of the oesophagus of the exposed animals for one month;Group B was higher (17.87) than those of Group A1 (5.70). Those rats sacrificed at the end of the third month; Group C had significantly enlarged wall thickness of the oesophagus compared to A2 group. The average oesophageal wall thickness 13.60?m was found to be more in the exposed group ‘D’, as compared to 4.50?m measured in Control Group A3 (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Prolonged consumption of carbonated drinks resulted in gross and histomorphological changes in the esophageal mucosa. The results of this research will help provide awareness to the general public of the adverse effects afflicted by these beverages.
Decolonizing Design
Authors: Tunstall Elizabeth (Dori) , Agi Ene 
Published: February 2023

A guidebook to the institutional transformation of design theory and practice by restoring the long-excluded cultures of Indigenous, Black, and People of Color communities.
From the excesses of world expositions to myths of better living through technology, modernist design, in its European-based guises, has excluded and oppressed the very people whose lands and lives it reshaped. Decolonizing Design first asks how modernist design has encompassed and advanced the harmful project of colonization—then shows how design might address these harms by recentering its theory and practice in global Indigenous cultures and histories.
A leading figure in the movement to decolonize design, Dori Tunstall uses hard-hitting real-life examples and case studies drawn from over fifteen years of working to transform institutions to better reflect the lived experiences of Indigenous, Black, and People of Color communities. Her book is at once enlightening, inspiring, and practical, interweaving her lived experiences with extensive research to show what decolonizing design means, how it heals, and how to practice it in our institutions today.
For leaders and practitioners in design institutions and communities, Tunstall's work demonstrates how we can transform the way we imagine and remake the world, replacing pain and repression with equity, inclusion, and diversity—in short, she shows us how to realize the infinite possibilities that decolonized design represents.
Assessing the Median Serum Placental Growth Factor (PIGF) Levels in the First Trimester of Pregnancy Regarding Gestational Age and Maternal Influencing Factors from a Prospective Observational Trial
Authors: Komuth F. J. Repetto, , Hörmansdörfer C. , Scharf A. , Lütge M. , Schmidt S. , Schmidt P. 
Published: February 2023

Objective: To investigate the association of risk factors, including ethnicity, maternal weight, smoking status, and assisted reproduction technology, with serum placental growth factor (PIGF) levels in the early first trimester of pregnancy.
Methods: This was a multicenter observational study involving pregnant females in the first trimester between 11+0 and 13+6 weeks of gestation. Serum PlGF concentrations were analyzed in relation to ethnicity, maternal weight, smoking status, and conception through assisted reproduction technology.
Results: A total of 376 patients were included in the study and had their serum PlGF levels measured. The results showed that the serum PlGF level was 4.3% higher in the Asian group compared to the Caucasian group. Smokers had 1.78 times higher levels of serum PlGF compared to non-smokers. Assisted reproduction technology had no impact on levels of serum PlGF compared to spontaneous pregnancies. There was a negative correlation between serum PlGF levels and maternal weight, but is was statistically insignificant.
Conclusion: Maternal weight was negatively correlated with serum PlGF levels, even this association was statistically not significant. High serum PlGF levels were observed in smokers and in non-Caucasians. Further research is needed to establish a concrete analysis of these findings.
Chiral Selenium Nanotherapeutics Regulates Selenoproteins to Attenuate Glucocorticoid‐Induced Osteoporosis
Authors: Xiong Zushuang , Lin Hao , Li Hong , Zou Binghua , Xie Bin , Yu Yanzi , He Lizhen , Chen Tianfeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGlucocorticoid (GC)‐induced osteoporosis (GIO) is a concurrent disease commonly appeared in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease patients. Stereoselective recognition between chiral drugs and homochiral biological molecules could directly affect their distribution, adhesion and transport. Herein, trace element selenium (Se) with bone formation‐regulating activity, is employed to construct cysteine‐decorated chiral nanoparticles (Cys@SeNPs) to attenuate GIO. Interestingly, comparing with the racemic (DL‐Cys@SeNPs) and D‐Cys@SeNPs, the L‐Cys@SeNPs displays higher uptake in osteoblast cells and could lessen reactive oxygen species overproduction to block dexamethasone (Dex)‐induced osteoblasts cells apoptosis. Intracellular L‐Cys@SeNPs could be predominantly transformed to selenocystine to upregulate the expression levels of antioxidative selenoproteins to effectively scavenge Dex‐induced excessive ROS accumulation in osteoblasts, and thus reduce the undesirable apoptosis through activating Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Consistently, L‐Cys@SeNPs significantly alleviates the main osteoporosis symptoms of bone trabeculae destruction and decreased bone density in vivo, and also reduces the weight gain and fatty liver formation in Dex‐exposed mice, thus suppressing the overall side effects of Dex. This study not only demonstrates an effective strategy for treatment of GIO by using chiral Se nanomedicine, but also elucidates the important roles of selenoproteins in alleviating osteoporosis, which could help for future Se‐based drug design through chirality control engineering.
Strongly Correlated Exciton‐Magnetization System for Optical Spin Pumping in CrBr3 and CrI3.
Authors: Grzeszczyk M. , Acharya S. , Pashov D. , Chen Z. , Vaklinova K. , van Schilfgaarde M. , Watanabe K. , Taniguchi T. , Novoselov K. S. , Katsnelson M. I. , Koperski M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFerromagnetism in van der Waals systems, preserved down to a monolayer limit, attracted attention to a class of materials with general composition CrX3 (X=I, Br, and Cl), which are treated now as canonical 2D ferromagnets. Their diverse magnetic properties, such as different easy axes or varying and controllable character of in‐plane or interlayer ferromagnetic coupling, make them promising candidates for spintronic, photonic, optoelectronic, and other applications. Still, significantly different magneto‐optical properties between the three materials have been presenting a challenging puzzle for researchers over the last few years. Herewith, it is demonstrated that despite similar structural and magnetic configurations, the coupling between excitons and magnetization is qualitatively different in CrBr3 and CrI3 films. Through a combination of the optical spin pumping experiments with the state‐of‐the‐art theory describing bound excitonic states in the presence of magnetization, we concluded that the hole‐magnetization coupling has the opposite sign in CrBr3 and CrI3 and also between the ground and excited exciton state. Consequently, efficient spin pumping capabilities are demonstrated in CrBr3 driven by magnetization via spin‐dependent absorption, and the different origins of the magnetic hysteresis in CrBr3 and CrI3 are unraveled.
Selective Enhancement of Photoresponse with Ferroelectric‐Controlled BP/In2Se3 vdW Heterojunction
Authors: Wang Jian , Liu Changlong , Zhang Libo , Chen Jin , Chen Jian , Yu Feilong , Zhao Zengyue , Tang Weiwei , Li Xin , Zhang Shi , Li Guanhai , Wang Lin , Cheng Ya , Chen Xiaoshuang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOwing to the large built‐in field for efficient charge separation, heterostructures facilitate the simultaneous realization of a low dark current and high photocurrent. The lack of an efficient approach to engineer the depletion region formed across the interfaces of heterojunctions owing to doping differences hinders the realization of high‐performance van der Waals (vdW) photodetectors. This study proposes a ferroelectric‐controlling van der Waals photodetector with vertically stacked two‐dimensional (2D) black phosphorus (BP)/indium selenide (In2Se3) to realize high‐sensitivity photodetection. The depletion region can be reconstructed by tuning the polarization states generated from the ferroelectric In2Se3 layers. Further, the energy bands at the heterojunction interfaces can be aligned and flexibly engineered using ferroelectric field control. Fast response, self‐driven photodetection, and three‐orders‐of‐magnitude detection improvements are achieved in the switchable visible or near‐infrared operation bands. The results of the study are expected to aid in improving the photodetection performance of vdW optoelectronic devices.
Computational Evolution Of New Catalysts For The Morita–Baylis–Hillman Reaction**
Authors: Seumer Julius , Kirschner Solberg Hansen Jonathan , Brøndsted Nielsen Mogens , Jensen Jan H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe present a de novo discovery of an efficient catalyst of the Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) reaction by searching chemical space for molecules that lower the estimated barrier of the rate‐determining step using a genetic algorithm (GA) starting from randomly selected tertiary amines. We identify 435 candidates, virtually all of which contain an azetidine N as the catalytically active site, which is discovered by the GA. Two molecules are selected for further study based on their predicted synthetic accessibility and have predicted rate‐determining barriers that are lower than that of a known catalyst. Azetidines have not been used as catalysts for the MBH reaction. One suggested azetidine is successfully synthesized and showed an eightfold increase in activity over a commonly used catalyst. We believe this is the first experimentally verified de novo discovery of an efficient catalyst using a generative model.
Fractional‐order sliding mode load following control via disturbance observer for modular high‐temperature gas‐cooled reactor system with disturbances
Authors: Hui Jiuwu , Lee Yi‐Kuen , Yuan Jingqi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLoad‐following control of the modular high‐temperature gas‐cooled reactor (MHTGR) system is one of the essential control problems in practical applications. In this paper, a fractional‐order sliding mode control strategy via a disturbance observer (FOSMCS‐DO) is presented for load following of the MHTGR system with model uncertainties and external disturbances. First of all, the mathematical model of the MHTGR system is constructed by taking neutronics and thermodynamics as well as disturbances into account. Then, based on the MHTGR model, a DO is designed to estimate the lumped disturbances that are composed of model uncertainties, external disturbances, and unmeasured states. Meanwhile, by adopting the Lyapunov stability theory, a FOSMCS is developed to guarantee all the signals of the closed‐loop load‐following control system tend to be stable, where in the control framework, the adverse effects of the lumped disturbances are alleviated by means of the feedforward compensation and the DO. This implies that the proposed overall control strategy possesses strong robustness against model uncertainties and external disturbances. Finally, comparative simulation results with some existing control approaches are provided to illustrate the superiority of the proposed control strategy.
Denkmalgeschützte Eisenbahnbrücken – Potenziale für das nachhaltige Bauen
Authors: Monka‐Birkner Johanna , Reinäcker Moritz , Krafczyk Christina , Knufinke Ulrich , Marx Steffen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHistorische Eisenbahnbrücken stehen aufgrund ihrer bautechnikgeschichtlichen Bedeutung und der Anforderung nach Erneuerung immer wieder im Spannungsfeld zwischen Denkmalpflege und Baupraxis; das erklärte Ziel aller Beteiligten sollte es aber sowohl aus der Perspektive des kulturellen Erbes als auch aus der der Ressourcenökonomie sein, sie zu erhalten und weiter zu nutzen. Es wird herausgestellt, dass historische Eisenbahnbrücken im Kontext ihres Netzes zu betrachten sind, da ihre primäre Funktion die Überführung einer Strecke darstellt. Aufgrund dieser Funktion ist ein notwendiges Maß an Veränderbarkeit auch bei jenen Eisenbahnbrücken zu gewährleisten, die unter Denkmalschutz stehen. Durch die notwendigen Veränderungen müssen immer wieder Brücken ersetzt werden. Dabei ist auffällig, dass die Struktur der erneuerten Bauweisen in ihrer konstruktiven und gestalterischen Diversität abnimmt. Auch im Sinne der Nachhaltigkeit sollten Eisenbahnbrücken geschützt und gleichzeitig veränderbar sein, damit die einzelnen Bauwerke möglichst lange erhalten bleiben. Schonung von Ressourcen durch Erhaltung statt Abbruch und Neubau können Hand in Hand mit den Zielen der Denkmalpflege gehen, wenn dabei materielle und ideelle Ressourcen für kommende Generationen erhalten bleiben. Die drei Kriterien der Nachhaltigkeit werden hier für den Eisenbahnbrückenbau überprüft. Abschließend werden Beispiele für eine erfolgreiche Erhaltung und eine gelungene Erneuerung aufgezeigt.
Expected life years compared to the general population
Authors: Manevski Damjan , Ružić Gorenjec Nina , Andersen Per Kragh , Pohar Perme Maja 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFor cohorts with long‐term follow‐up, the number of years lost due to a certain disease yields a measure with a simple and appealing interpretation. Recently, an overview of the methodology used for this goal has been published, and two measures have been proposed. In this work, we consider a third option that may be useful in settings in which the other two are inappropriate. In all three measures, the survival of the given dataset is compared to the expected survival in the general population which is calculated using external mortality tables. We thoroughly analyze the differences between the three measures, their assumptions, interpretation, and the corresponding estimators. The first measure is defined in a competing risk setting and assumes an excess hazard compared to the population, while the other two measures also allow estimation for groups that live better than the general population. In this case, the observed survival of the patients is compared to that in the population. The starting point of this comparison depends on whether the entry into the study is a hazard changing event (e.g., disease diagnosis or the age at which the inclusion criteria were met). Focusing on the newly defined life years difference measure, we study the estimation of the variance and consider the possible challenges (e.g., extrapolation) that occur in practice. We illustrate its use with a dataset of French Olympic athletes. Finally, an efficient R implementation has been developed for all three measures which make this work easily available to subsequent users.
Synthesis of single‐crystalline InP tetrapod nanocrystals via addition of ZnCl2
Authors: Kim Sunghu , Park Seongmin , Kim Meeree , Jeong Sohee 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecently, single‐crystalline indium phosphide (InP) tetrapods, which allow an exciton to act in a true tetrapodal geometry, were successfully synthesized and proved as a useful platform to study multiple exciton behaviors. We used ZnCl2 precursor, a commonly used additive in the synthesis of aminophosphine‐based InP nanocrystals to enhance the optical performance, and successfully synthesized InP tetrapods (InP‐ZnCl2) with the narrower arm length distribution. Interestingly, no distinct enhancement in photoluminescence was observed while the arm length of the InP tetrapod was suppressed with the addition of ZnCl2. Further shell growth on InP‐ZnCl2 successfully preserved tetrapodal geometry in InP‐ZnCl2/ZnSe and showed higher photoluminescence than that of tetrapodal InP/ZnSe. The crystal structure of InP‐ZnCl2 was also retained even along with various Zn feed ratios as observed in x‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and showed no peak shift as Zn only passivates the surface of InP tetrapods. These results provide a platform to study the role of Zn precursor.
Preparation, characterization, and pharmacokinetics of oridonin‐loaded liposomes
Authors: Lin Fei‐er , Zhang Xin‐yan , Zhang Yu‐ping , Wang Jin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to prepare oridonin liposomes and evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and pharmacokinetics in rats. A three‐level, three‐factor Box–Behnken design was used to optimize the preparation of oridonin liposomes. A highly sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatographic quantification method using ultraviolet detection was established and validated for the determination of oridonin in rat plasma. Twelve Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned and injected with 15 mg/kg of oridonin or oridonin liposomes via the tail vein. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using a compartmental modeling approach using PKsolver software. The optimum conditions were as follows: soybean phospholipids/cholesterol ratio, 3.9:1; soybean phospholipids/drug ratio, 8.5:1; and soybean phospholipid concentration, 1.1%. Under these conditions, the mean particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency of oridonin liposomes were 170.5 nm, 0.246, −30.3 mV, and 76.15%, respectively. The pharmacokinetic results showed that liposomes could significantly prolong the elimination half‐life (from 2.88 ± 0.55 to 13.67 ± 3.52 h), increase the area under the concentration–time curve (from 1.65 ± 0.17 to 6.22 ± 0.83 μg h/ml), and decrease the clearance (from 6.62 ± 1.38 to 1.96 ± 0.24 L/kg h). The oridonin liposomes increased the elimination half‐life and area under the concentration–time curve and provided a reference for the development of drugs with a short half‐life.
Full‐endoscopic technique for posterior fossa decompression in Chiari malformation type I: An anatomical feasibility study in human cadavers
Authors: Dolas I. , Yorukoglu A. G. , Sencer A. , Unal Tugrul Cem , Gulsever C. I. , Aydoseli A. , Aras Y. , Sabanci P. A. , Ruetten S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough endoscope‐assisted techniques have been described, a full‐endoscopic approach is yet to be performed for posterior fossa decompression (PFD) in Chiari malformation type I (CM‐I). This study aims to describe the full‐endoscopic PFD technique and evaluate its feasibility. Five fresh‐frozen anonymized adult human cadavers were operated on using an endoscope with an oval shaft cross‐section with a diameter of 9.3 mm, a working length of 177 mm, and a viewing angle of 20°. It also had an eccentric working channel with a diameter of 5.6 mm, a light guide, a sheath for continuous irrigation, and a rod lens system. The instruments were introduced from the working channel. Posterior craniocervical structures were dissected, and PFD was achieved. The planned steps were performed in all five cadavers. The endoscope was introduced to the posterior craniocervical region, dissecting the structures to easily expose the suboccipital bone and C1 posterior arch. Important structures, such as the C1 posterior tubercle, rectus capitis posterior minor muscles, and posterior atlantooccipital membrane, were used as landmarks. PFD was feasible even with the dural opening. Using the full‐endoscopic approach, posterior craniocervical structures can be reached, and PFD can be performed successfully. The instruments used are well‐defined for spinal usage; thus, this full‐endoscopic technique can be widely used in the surgical treatment of patients with CM‐I.
Antithrombotic therapy after TAVI: Better alone than with a bad company
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Cardaioli Francesco 
Published: February 2023

Key Points
In transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) subset, previous randomized controlled trials reported increased mortality when anticoagulant therapy was used in subjects without a previous oral anticoagulation (OAC) indication.
The current meta‐analysis confirms the worse clinical outcomes in anticoagulated patients as compared to subjects treated with antiplatelet, tough less subclinical valve thrombosis was found in the OAC group.
At present, antiplatelet therapy (especially SAPT) seems the most reasonable approach in TAVI patients without indications for chronic OAC.
Intravascular lithotripsy: Making treatment of complex calcified lesions simple
Authors: Di Mario Carlo , Nardi Giulia 
Published: February 2023

Key Points
Historically percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) of severely calcified lesions is associated with high rate of periprocedural complications and poor long‐term outcomes.
Available data from controlled prospective registries reported promising safety and efficacy results of intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) but were limited to restricted inclusion criteria.
This multicenter IVL registry in all‐comer patients including very long lesions, S‐T segment elevation myoìcardial infarction, chronic total occlsusion and left main PCI confirmed high procedural success, low rate of periprocedural complications and good long‐term outcome.