bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Biomass Glycerol as a Reducing Agent for Photocatalytic Deprotection of Pyridine N‐Oxides in an Aqueous Suspension of Titanium(IV) Oxide
Authors: Kominami Hiroshi , Akamata Reo , Tanaka Atsuhiro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDeprotection of pyridine N‐oxides under mild conditions with an inexpensive and environmentally friendly reducing reagent is an important chemical procedure. The use of biomass waste as the reducing reagent, water as the solvent and solar light as the energy source is one of the most promising approaches with minimal impact on the environment. Therefore, a TiO2 photocatalyst and glycerol are suitable components of this type of reaction. Stoichiometric deprotection of pyridine N‐oxide (PyNO) with a minimal amount of glycerol (PyNO:glycerol= 7 : 1) was achieved, with only CO2 being produced as the final oxidation product of glycerol. The deprotection of PyNO was thermally accelerated. Under solar light, the temperature of the reaction system increased to 40–50 °C and PyNO was also quantitatively deprotected, indicating that solar energy, i. e., UV light and thermal energy, can be effectively used. The results provide a new approach in the fields of organic chemistry and medical chemistry using biomass waste and solar light.
A Novel Approach to α‐Arylacetonitrile Skeletons via para‐Selective Alkylation of Protected Anilines
Authors: Deng Zefeng , Fan Weitai , Liu Jian , Tu Guangliang , Huang Pengcheng , Xu Xu , Tan Jie , Ji Shun‐Jun , Zhao Yingsheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA ruthenium‐catalyzed para‐selective alkylation of protected anilines to construct α‐arylacetonitrile skeletons has been reported. We firstly disclosed the ethyl 2‐bromo‐2‐cyanopropanoate was an effective alkylating reagent in ruthenmuim‐catalyzed remote‐selective C−H functionalization. A wide variety of α‐arylacetonitrile skeletons can be directly obtained with moderate to good yields. Importantly, the products contain both nitrile and ester groups guaranteeing its direct transformation into other useful synthetic units, indicating the synthetic importance of this method.
An Amphiphilic Peptide Carrier for HCl Transport
Authors: Kar Sabnam , Madhavan Nandita 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSingle molecules that co‐transport cations as well as anions across lipid membranes are few despite their high biological utility. The elegant yet simple lipidomimmetic peptide design herein enables efficient HCl transport without the use of any external additives for proton transport. The carboxylic acids in the dipeptide scaffold provide a handle to append two long hydrophobic tails and also provide a polar hydrophilic carboxylate group. The peptide central unit also provides NH sites for anion binding. Protonation of the carboxylate group coupled with the weak halide binding of the terminal NH group results in HCl transport with transport rates of H+>Cl−. The lipid‐like structure also facilitates seamless membrane integration and flipping of the molecule. The biocompatibility, design simplicity, and potential pH regulation of these molecules open up several avenues for their therapeutic use.
Kinetically Controlled Star Copolymer Self‐Assembly for Rapid Fabrication of Nanoparticles with High Encapsulation Capacity
Authors: Sun Yawei , Zhang Jiaqi , Liu Feng , Zhang Qilu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRapid and scalable self‐assembly of an amphiphilic 21‐arm star copolymer, (polystyrene‐block‐polyethylene glycol)21 [(PS‐b‐PEG)21] in aqueous solution has been performed by reverse solvent exchange procedure. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) reveal the formation of nanoparticles with narrow size distribution. Further investigation indicates a kinetically controlled self‐assembly mechanism of the copolymers, in which the star topology of the amphiphilic copolymer and deep quenching condition by reverse solvent exchange are key to accelerate intrachain contraction of the copolymer during phase separation. When interchain contraction dominant over interchain association, nanoparticles with low aggregation number could be formed. Thanks to the high hydrophobic contents of the (PS‐b‐PEG)21 polymers, the resulted nanoparticles could encapsulate a high capacity of hydrophobic cargo up to 19.84 %. The kinetically controlled star copolymer self‐assembly process reported here provides a platform for the rapid and scalable fabrication of nanoparticle with high drug loading capacity (LC), which may find broad range of applications in, for example drug delivery, nanopesticide.
Application of artificial neural network for prediction of 10 crude oil properties
Authors: Alizadeh Shahla , Ta Souvik , Samavedham Lakshminarayanan , Ray Ajay K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study aims to develop an industrially reliable and accurate method to estimate crude oil properties from their Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra. We used the complete FTIR spectral data of selected crude oil samples from seven different Canadian oil fields to predict 10 important crude oil properties using artificial neural networks (ANNs). The predicted properties include specific gravity, kinematic viscosity, total acid number, micro carbon content, and production of light and heavy naphtha, Kero, and distillate in oil refineries. The 107 different (65 light oil and 42 heavy/medium oil samples) crude oil samples used in this study came from seven oil fields and reservoirs across Canada. In line with standard practice, we used 80% of the dataset for training the ANN models and used the remaining 20% of the crude oil samples to test the models. In the ANN analysis, the mean squared error (MSE) was used as the loss function in models, and the mean absolute prediction error (MAPE) was used as a reference to compare the performance of different neural networks constructed with different numbers of layers. This work demonstrates that FTIR spectroscopy is a promising technique that provides rapid and accurate estimates for the oil properties of interest to the industry. A comparison of the values predicted by the validated ANN models and their corresponding measured (actual) values showed excellent prediction with the acceptable range of error (below 15%) aimed for by our industry partner for all properties except viscosity, for which building models based on the natural logarithmic values of measured viscosities significantly improved the results.
Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with autoimmune disease: A propensity score matching study based on the China Atrial Fibrillation Registry
Authors: Gao Ming‐Yang , Huang Li‐Hong , Lai Yi‐Wei , Guo Qi , Guo Xue‐Yuan , Li Song‐Nan , Jiang Chen‐Xi , Liu Nian , He Liu , Li Xu , Tang Ri‐Bo , Du Xin , Long De‐Yong , Sang Cai‐Hua , Dong Jian‐Zeng , Ma Chang‐Sheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundEvidence on outcomes of catheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with autoimmune disease (AD) is limited.HypothesisPatients with AD had worse outcomes after CA procedures for AF.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed in patients undergoing AF ablation between 2012 and 2021. The risk of recurrence after ablation was investigated in patients with AD and a 1:4 propensity score matched non‐AD group.ResultsWe identified 107 patients with AD (64 ± 10 years, female 48.6%) who were matched with 428 non‐AD patients (65 ± 10 years, female 43.9%). Patients with AD exhibited more severe AF‐related symptoms. During the index procedure, a higher proportion of AD patients received nonpulmonary vein trigger ablation (18.7% vs. 8.4%, p = 0.002). Over a median follow‐up of 36.3 months, patients with AD experienced a similar risk of recurrence with the non‐AD group (41.1% vs. 36.2%, p = 0.21, hazard ratio [HR]: 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86–1.76) despite a higher incidence of early recurrences (36.4% vs. 13.5%, p = 0.001). Compared with non‐AD patients, patients with connective tissue disease were at an increased risk of recurrence (46.3% vs. 36.2%, p = 0.049, HR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.00–2.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the duration of AF history and corticosteroid therapy were independent predictors of postablation recurrence in patients with AD.ConclusionsIn patients with AD, the risk of recurrence after ablation for AF during the follow‐up was comparable with non‐AD patients, but a higher risk of early recurrence was observed. Further research into the impact of AD on AF treatment is warranted.
Echocardiographic pattern of left ventricular function recovery in tachycardia‐induced cardiomyopathy patients
Authors: Serban Teodor , du Fay de Lavallaz Jeanne , Mannhart Diego , Pfister Otmar , van der Stouwe Jan Gerrit , Kaufmann Beat A. , Knecht Sven , Kühne Michael , Sticherling Christian , Badertscher Patrick 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsTachycardia‐induced cardiomyopathy (TCM) represents a partially reversible type of cardiomyopathy (CM) that is often underdiagnosed and cardiac chamber remodelling in TCM remains incompletely understood. We aim to explore differences in the dimensions of the left ventricle and functional recovery in patients with TCM compared with patients with other forms of CM.Methods and resultsWe identified patients with reduced ejection fraction (≤50%) and/or atrial fibrillation or flutter with a left ventricular ejection fraction that improved from baseline (≥15% in left ventricular ejection fraction at follow‐up or normalization of cardiac function with at least 10% improvement). Patients were then divided into two groups: (A) TCM patients and (B) patients with other forms of CM (controls). Two hundred thirty‐eight patients were included (31% female, 70 years median age), 127 patients had TCM, and 111 had other forms of CM. Patients with TCM did not significantly improve indexed left ventricular volume (LVEDVI) after treatment (60 [45, 84] mL/m2 versus 56 [45, 70] mL/m2, P = ns) compared with controls (67 [54, 81] mL/m2 versus 52 [42, 69] mL/m2, P < 0.001). Patients with TCM patients had significantly worse fractional shortening at baseline than controls (15.5 [12, 23] vs. 20 [13, 30], P = 0.01) and higher indexed left atrial volume (LAVI) at baseline than controls (48 [37, 58] vs. 41 [33, 51], P = 0.01) that remained dilated at follow‐up (follow‐up LAVI 41 [33, 52] mL/m2). Good predictors of TCM were: normal LVEDVI (LVEDVI < 58 mL/m2 (M) and < 52 mL/m2 (F)) (odds ratio [OR] 5.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2–13.3, P < 0.001), fractional shortening < 30% (OR 3.5; 95% CI 1.4–9.2, P = 0.009), LAVI >40 mL/m2 (OR 3.4; 95% CI 1.6–7.3, P = 0.001) and normal wall thickness left ventricle (OR 3.2; 95% CI 1.4–7.8, P = 0.008). 54% of patients with TCM demonstrated diastolic dysfunction at follow‐up, without differences from controls (54% vs. 43%, P = ns). 21% of patients with TCM showed persistent heart failure symptoms at follow‐up compared with 4.5% of controls, P = 0.004.ConclusionsTCM patients have a specific pattern of functional recovery with persistent remodelling of the left atria and left ventricle. Several echocardiographic parameters might help identify TCM before treatment.
Dune toe dynamics along the urbanised macro‐tidal coast of Belgium
Authors: Strypsteen Glenn , Dan Sebastian , Verwaest Toon , Roest Bart , De Wulf Alain , Bonte Dries , Rauwoens Pieter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe dynamics of the dune toe along the urbanised 65 km macro‐tidal coast of Belgium has been examined based on (bi‐)annual cross‐shore profiles derived from airborne LiDAR surveys conducted between 2000 and 2019. Results indicate that the average dune toe level is located at +5.9 m Tweede Algemene Waterpassing (TAW, Belgian Ordnance Datum), which is 1 m lower than the conventional dune toe level. However, this level is not static but rather increasing over time with an average rate of 2.3 cm/year, making it comparable with coastal areas along western Europe. Both landward retreat and seaward progradation of the dune toes are observed, with rates up to 2 m/year. The analysis revealed that dune growth is primarily facilitated by the development of incipient or embryonic dunes, new foredunes and modifications to the stoss slope of the original dune profile. Half of the sea‐fronting dunes were observed to be developed by brushwood fences, which had a positive effect on dune growth. At some locations, incipient dune development and shoreline progradation were observed seaward of old foredunes. Other dune regions were characterised by natural dune blowouts and management activities for recreational purposes. Dune toe reinforcements were implemented in the west to stabilise the dune toe and prevent erosion by waves. However, it was noted that if the adjacent beach accreted because of natural growth or periodic nourishment, incipient dunes could form in front of the reinforcement.
Antiviral foods in the battle against viral infections: Understanding the molecular mechanism
Authors: Azam Md. Shofiul , Islam Md. Nahidul , Wahiduzzaman Md. , Alam Mahabub , Dhrubo Akib Atique Khan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractViruses produce a variety of illnesses, which may also cause acute respiratory syndrome. All viral infections, including COVID‐19, are associated with the strength of the immune system. Till now, traditional medicine or vaccines for most viral diseases have not been effective. Antiviral and immune‐boosting diets may provide defense against viral diseases by lowering the risk of infection and assisting rapid recovery. The purpose of this review was to gather, analyze, and present data based on scientific evidence in order to provide an overview of the mechanistic insights of antiviral bioactive metabolites. We have covered a wide range of food with antiviral properties in this review, along with their potential mechanism of action against viral infections. Additionally, the opportunities and challenges of using antiviral food have been critically reviewed. Bioactive plant compounds, not only help in maintaining the body's normal physiological mechanism and good health but are also essential for improving the body's immunity and therefore can be effective against viral diseases. These agents fight viral diseases either by incorporating the body's defense mechanism or by enhancing the cell's immune system. Regular intake of antiviral foods may prevent future pandemic and consumption of these antiviral agents with traditional medicine may reduce the severity of viral diseases. Therefore, the synergistic effect of antiviral foods and medication needs to be investigated.
Increased MYB alternative promoter usage is associated with relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Fehr André , Arvidsson Gustav , Nordlund Jessica , Lönnerholm Gudmar , Stenman Göran , Andersson Mattias K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTherapy‐resistant disease is a major cause of death in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Activation of the MYB oncogene is associated with ALL and leads to uncontrolled neoplastic cell proliferation and blocked differentiation. Here, we used RNA‐seq to study the clinical significance of MYB expression and MYB alternative promoter (TSS2) usage in 133 pediatric ALLs. RNA‐seq revealed that all cases analyzed overexpressed MYB and demonstrated MYB TSS2 activity. qPCR analyses confirmed the expression of the alternative MYB promoter also in seven ALL cell lines. Notably, high MYB TSS2 activity was significantly associated with relapse (p = 0.007). Moreover, cases with high MYB TSS2 usage showed evidence of therapy‐resistant disease with increased expression of ABC multidrug resistance transporter genes (e.g., ABCA2, ABCB5, and ABCC10) and enzymes catalyzing drug degradation (e.g., CYP1A2, CYP2C9, and CYP3A5). Elevated MYB TSS2 activity was further associated with augmented KRAS signaling (p < 0.05) and decreased methylation of the conventional MYB promoter (p < 0.01). Taken together, our results suggest that MYB alternative promoter usage is a novel potential prognostic biomarker for relapse and therapy resistance in pediatric ALL.
Schwann cells as a target cell for the treatment of cancer pain
Authors: Zhang Wen‐jun , Wu Chang‐lei , Liu Ji‐peng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTumor erosion and metastasis can invade surrounding tissues, damage nerves, and sensitize the peripheral primary receptors, inducing pain, which can potentially worsen the suffering of patients with cancer. Reception and transmission of sensory signal receptors, abnormal activation of primary sensory neurons, and activation of glial cells are involved in cancer pain. Therefore, exploring promising therapeutic methods to suppress cancer pain is of great significance. Various studies have found that the use of functionally active cells is a potentially effective way to relieve pain. Schwann cells (SCs) act as small, biologically active pumps that secrete pain‐relieving neuroactive substances. Moreover, SCs can regulate the progression of tumor cells, including proliferation and metastasis, through neuro‐tumor crosstalk, which emphasizes the critical role of SCs in cancer and cancer pain. The mechanisms by which SCs repair injured nerves and exert analgesia include neuroprotection, neurotrophy, nerve regeneration, neuromodulation, immunomodulation, and enhancement of the nerve‐injury microenvironment. These factors may ultimately restore the damaged or stimulated nerves and contribute to pain relief. Strategies for pain treatment using cell transplantation mainly focus on analgesia and nerve repair. Although these cells are in the initial stages of nerve repair and pain, they open new avenues for the treatment of cancer pain. Therefore, this paper discusses, for the first time, the possible mechanism of SCs and cancer pain, and new strategies and potential problems in cancer pain treatment.
Preferential signal pathways during the perception and imagery of familiar scenes: An effective connectivity study
Authors: Tullo Maria Giulia , Almgren Hannes , Van de Steen Frederik , Boccia Maddalena , Bencivenga Federica , Galati Gaspare 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe perception and imagery of landmarks activate similar content‐dependent brain areas, including occipital and temporo‐medial brain regions. However, how these areas interact during visual perception and imagery of scenes, especially when recollecting their spatial location, remains unknown. Here, we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), resting‐state functional connectivity (rs‐fc), and effective connectivity to assess spontaneous fluctuations and task‐induced modulation of signals among regions entailing scene‐processing, the primary visual area and the hippocampus (HC), responsible for the retrieval of stored information. First, we functionally defined the scene‐selective regions, that is, the occipital place area (OPA), the retrosplenial complex (RSC) and the parahippocampal place area (PPA), by using the face/scene localizer, observing that two portions of the PPA—anterior and posterior PPA—were consistently activated in all subjects. Second, the rs‐fc analysis (n = 77) revealed a connectivity pathway similar to the one described in macaques, showing separate connectivity routes linking the anterior PPA with RSC and HC, and the posterior PPA with OPA. Third, we used dynamic causal modelling to evaluate whether the dynamic couplings among these regions differ between perception and imagery of familiar landmarks during a fMRI task (n = 16). We found a positive effect of HC on RSC during the retrieval of imagined places and an effect of occipital regions on both RSC and pPPA during the perception of scenes. Overall, we propose that under similar functional architecture at rest, different neural interactions take place between regions in the occipito‐temporal higher‐level visual cortex and the HC, subserving scene perception and imagery.
Head and neck solitary fibrous tumors: A review of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Abiri Arash , Nguyen Cecilia , Latif Kareem , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Torabi Sina J. , Birkenbeuel Jack L. , Kuan Edward C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundHead and neck solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare neoplasms, with few large‐scale studies describing this entity. We evaluated the demographics and correlates of survival in a large series of SFT patients.MethodsThe 2004–2017 National Cancer Database was queried for head and neck SFT patients receiving definitive surgery. Cox proportional‐hazards and Kaplan–Meier analyses assessed overall survival (OS).ResultsOf 135 patients, sinonasal (33.1%) and orbital (25.9%) SFTs were most common. Approximately 93% of SFTs were invasive and 64% were classified as hemangiopericytomas. The 5‐year OS of skull base SFTs (84.5%) was lower than sinonasal (98.7%) and orbital (90.7%) SFTs (all p < 0.05). Government insurance exhibited higher mortality (HR 5.116; p < 0.001) and lower OS (p = 0.001).ConclusionHead and neck SFTs presented with distinct prognoses based on anatomical origin. Overall survival was particularly worse in patients with skull base SFTs or government insurance. Prognostically, hemangiopericytomas were indistinct from other SFTs.
Investigating the Cusp Between Dendritic and Supermolecular Architectures in Self‐Organizing Liquid Crystals
Authors: Sia Susan , Saez Isabel M. , Cowling Stephen J. , Goodby John W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLiquid Crystals are thought of as being complex fluids, underpinned by self‐assembly and self‐organisation within partially ordered fluids, and which sit between solid and liquid states of matter. The realm of the field stretches from low molar mass to polymeric materials, from organic to inorganic substances, and from being functional materials to biological organelles. In this article, we explore the cusp of the change over from nano‐ to macro‐sciences through the formation of ‘supermolecular’ systems, and we debate if such materials are in fact oligomers or materials having giant molecules possessing discrete chemical constitutions? We performed this investigation by synthesising mesogenic materials based upon difluoroterphenyls, terminally substituted with a chiral motif based on (S)‐2‐octanol, and which could be appended onto a variety of siloxane scaffolds. We studied the structures and properties of six mesomorphic materials in which we systematically increased the number of mesogenic units attached to the scaffold.
Do project quality and founder information signals always matter? Evidence from equity and reward crowdfunding
Authors: Huang Xiaohong , Kabir Rezaul , Nguyen Thuy Ngoc 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study provides a comparative analysis of the success factors of equity and reward‐based crowdfunding. We find that information signals related to venture/project quality are important determinants of both equity‐based and reward‐based crowdfunding success. However, signals on founder information matter only for equity‐based but not for reward‐based crowdfunding. Our study exemplifies the varying role of success factors that depend on the type of crowdfunding projects and provides a basis for further research to compare different forms of crowdfunding.