bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale Engineering of P‐Block Metal‐Based Catalysts Toward Industrial‐Scale Electrochemical Reduction of CO2
Authors: Li Pengfei , Yang Fangqi , Li Jing , Zhu Qiang , Xu Jian Wei , Loh Xian Jun , Huang Kuo‐Wei , Hu Wenping , Lu Jiong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe efficient conversion of CO2 to value‐added products represents one of the most attractive solutions to mitigate climate change and tackle the associated environmental issues. In particular, electrochemical CO2 reduction to fuels and chemicals has garnered tremendous interest over the last decades. Among all products from CO2 reduction, formic acid is considered one of the most economically vital CO2 reduction products. P‐block metals (especially Bi, Sn, In, and Pb) have been extensively investigated and recognized as the most efficient catalytic materials for the CO2 electroreduction to formate. Despite remarkable progress, the future implementation of this technology at the industrial‐scale hinges on the ability to solve remaining roadblocks. In this review, the current research status, challenges, and prospects of p‐block metal‐based catalysts primarily for CO2 electroreduction to formate are comprehensively reviewed. The rational design and nanostructure engineering of these p‐block metal catalysts for the optimization of their electrochemical performances are discussed in detail. Subsequently, the recent progress in the development of state‐of‐the‐art operando characterization techniques together with the design of advanced electrochemical cells to uncover the intrinsic catalysis mechanism is discussed. Lastly, a perspective on future directions including tackling critical challenges to realize its early industrial implementation is presented.
Bifunktionelle carbanionische Synthese vollständig biobasierter Triblock‐Copolymere aus β‐Farnesen und LL‐Dilactid: Thermoplastische Elastomere
Authors: Meier‐Merziger Moritz , Imschweiler Jan , Hartmann Frank , Niebuur Bart‐Jan , Kraus Tobias , Gallei Markus , Frey Holger 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAktuelle ökologische Herausforderungen und die Endlichkeit fossiler Rohstoffe sind wichtige Kriterien, welche für die nächste Generation von Polymermaterialien eine zentrale Rolle spielen. In diesem Zusammenhang wird ein vollständig biobasiertes Material mit potenzieller Anwendung als thermoplastisches Elastomer (TPE) vorgestellt. Durch die Verwendung der Monomere β‐Farnesen und l‐Lactid können biobasierte Rohstoffe wie Zuckerrohr und Mais verwendet werden. Für die carbanionische Polymerisation wurde ein bifunktioneller Initiator eingesetzt, um eine effiziente Synthese von ABA‐artigen Blockstrukturen zu ermöglichen. Zusätzlich kam das potenziell nachhaltige Lösungsmittel MTBE (Methyl‐tert‐butylether) zum Einsatz, da es eine hervorragende Löslichkeit des bifunktionellen Initiators gewährleistet. Dies ermöglichte die Herstellung von telechelen Polyfarnesen‐Makroinitiatoren mit niedrigen Dispersitäten (Đ=1.07 bis 1.10). Diese wurden anschließend für die Lactidpolymerisation verwendet, um H‐förmige Triblockcopolymere zu erhalten. TEM und SAXS‐Messungen zeigten deutlich phasengetrennte Morphologien, und mittels Zugversuche konnten elastische Eigenschaften nachgewiesen werden. Die Triblockstrukturen weisen jeweils zwei Glasübergangstemperaturen bei −66 °C und 51 °C sowie gyroide oder zylindrische Morphologien auf, was bei Raumtemperatur zu weichelastischen Materialien führt.
Bifunctional Carbanionic Synthesis of Fully Bio‐Based Triblock Structures Derived from β‐Farnesene and ll‐Dilactide: Thermoplastic Elastomers
Authors: Meier‐Merziger Moritz , Imschweiler Jan , Hartmann Frank , Niebuur Bart‐Jan , Kraus Tobias , Gallei Markus , Frey Holger 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCurrent environmental challenges and the shrinking fossil‐fuel feedstock are important criteria for the next generation of polymer materials. In this context, we present a fully bio‐based material, which shows promise as a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). Due to the use of β‐farnesene and L‐lactide as monomers, bio‐based feedstocks, namely sugar cane and corn, can be used. A bifunctional initiator for the carbanionic polymerization was employed, to permit an efficient synthesis of ABA‐type block structures. In addition, the “green” solvent MTBE (methyl tert‐butyl ether) was used for the anionic polymerisation, enabling excellent solubility of the bifunctional anionic initiator. This afforded low dispersity (Đ=1.07 to 1.10) and telechelic polyfarnesene macroinitiators. These were employed for lactide polymerization to obtain H‐shaped triblock copolymers. TEM and SAXS revealed clearly phase‐separated morphologies, and tensile tests demonstrated elastic mechanical properties. The materials featured two glass transition temperatures, at ‐ 66 °C and 51 °C as well as gyroid or cylindrical morphologies, resulting in soft elastic materials at room temperature.
Nitrogen‐doped biochar as an efficient sensing material for the electrochemical detection of heavy metal ion Pb2+ and Cd2+
Authors: Yang Tianming , Xin Xin , Jiang Jin‐Chi , Yin Zhenhao , Meng Long‐Yue 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe sensitive detection of heavy metal ions with high toxicity and mobility is extremely important for environmental monitoring. In this study, nitrogen‐doped biochar (N‐BC) was synthesized using waste mushroom bran as a raw material, and nitrogen atoms were successfully doped onto the surface of the biochar via a facile process using an activation‐carbonation strategy. The functional groups on the surface of the biochar were enriched via doping, and the roughness of the biochar surface was significantly improved. Experimental results showed that N‐BC was an efficient sensing material for electroanalysis; therefore, it was used to construct a novel electrochemical sensing platform. The electrochemical response of the biochar‐modified working electrodes was effectively improved for the detection of heavy metals. Under optimized deposition potential, enrichment time, and pH, the N‐BC‐based sensing platform could detect Pb2+ and Cd2+ separately as well as simultaneously, indicating its significant potential for electrochemical sensing.
Anatomy of the female reproductive tract organs of the brown anole (Anolis sagrei)
Authors: Kircher Bonnie K. , Stanley Edward L. , Behringer Richard R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFemale reproduction in squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) is highly diverse and mode of reproduction, clutch size, and reproductive tract morphology all vary widely across this group of ~11,000 species. Recently, CRISPR genome editing techniques that require manipulation of the female reproductive anatomy have been developed in this group, making a more complete understanding of this anatomy essential. We describe the adult female reproductive anatomy of the model reptile the brown anole (Anolis sagrei). We show that the brown anole female reproductive tract has three distinct anterior‐to‐posterior regions, the infundibulum, the glandular uterus, and the nonglandular uterus. The infundibulum has a highly ciliated epithelial lip, a region where the epithelium is inverted so that cilia are present on the inside and outside of the tube. The glandular uterus has epithelial ducts that are patent with a lumen as well as acinar structures with a lumen. The nonglandular uterus has a heterogeneous morphology from anterior to posterior, with a highly folded, ciliated epithelium transitioning to a stratified squamous epithelium. This transition is accompanied by a loss of keratin‐8 expression and together, these changes are similar to the morphological and gene expression changes that occur in the mammalian cervix. We recommend that description of the nonglandular uterus include the regional sub‐specification of a “cervix” and “vagina” as this terminology change more accurately describes the morphology. Our data extend histological studies of reproductive organ morphology in reptiles and expand our understanding of the variation in reproductive system anatomy across squamates and vertebrates.
Lactococcus lactis NZ3900/pNZ8149‐IL‐4‐IL‐2 as an adjuvant to reduce vaccine dose in chicken coccidia live mixed vaccine
Authors: Zheng Longlong , Zhang Li , Tan Fan , Zhang Honghui , Wang Liming , Zheng Mingxue 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlthough live mixed coccidiosis vaccines are widely used for Eimeria control, the side effects (e.g., damaging the intestinal mucosa and decreasing their weight gain) are not negligible. This study aimed to filter out the lowest dose of coccidiosis mixed vaccine with Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) NZ3900/pNZ8149‐IL‐4‐IL‐2 (RLIL4/2) coimmunization against Eimeria reduces the side effects for Eimeria vaccination. Chickens oral 1.0 ×, 0.9 ×, 0.8 ×, 0.6 ×, 0.4 × dose of live vaccine, and RLIL4/2 with 1.0 × 109 CFU/chicken, respectively. The blank control group, challenge‐only group and 1.0 × dose vaccine‐only group are used as references. The survival rate, weight gain, bloody stool, intestinal lesions scores, oocyst output oocysts per gramme (OPG), and anticoccidial index (ACI) were detected by challenging with virulent coccidiosis. All the results indicated that the weight gain during the immune period or bloody stool/intestinal lesions scores/OPG during the challenge period were oppositely correlated with vaccine doses. The survival rate, weight gain, and ACI were positively correlated with vaccine doses during the challenge period. The ACI of 0.6 × the dose group was 167.69, which was considered a moderate efficiency. The weight gain, ACI of 1.0 ×, 0.9 × and 0.8 × dose groups were higher or intestinal lesions were lower than 1.0 × dose vaccine‐only group (p < 0.05), respectively. In conclusion, the coimmunization of RLIL4/2 with Eimeria mixed vaccine could reduce 40% of the dose and the side effects (e.g., weight gain and intestinal lesions) from live mixed coccidiosis vaccine.
Photoredox and Copper Dual‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Alkyne‐tethered α‐Bromocarbonyls
Authors: Wang Zi‐Ying , Cai Xue‐Er , Zhang Can‐Can , Yang Wen‐Hui , Wang Ling‐Tao , Xu Qing , Liu Hongxin , Wei Wen‐Ting 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe synergistic systems of photoredox and copper catalyst have already appeared as a novel formation of green synthetic chemistry, which open new avenues for chemical synthesis applications. We describe a novel strategy for the cyclization of alkyne‐tethered α‐bromocarbonyls initiated by the cleavage of C(sp3)−Br bond via the collaboration of photoredox and copper catalyst. The present protocol exhibits mildness using economical copper catalyst and visible‐light at room temperature. The gram‐scale and sunlight irradiation experiments proceeded smoothly to show the practicality of the methodology. It is notable that the newly generated oxygen in the product originates from H2O.
Stabilization of delayed fractional‐order T‐S fuzzy systems with input saturations and system uncertainties
Authors: Hao Yilin , Fang Zhiming , Liu Heng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBy adopting the Takagi–Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy theory, this paper focuses on the adaptive control of fractional‐order time‐delay systems involving unknown parameters and input saturations. T‐S fuzzy systems with “IF‐THEN” rules are employed to describe fractional‐order nonlinear systems. The influence of input saturation is handled by designing an auxiliary system. By using a norm conversion, the system's time‐delay term is converted into a non‐delayed form. Adaptive updating rules are devised to evaluate uncertainties of the system, and a new control approach is proposed. The devised controller can not only guarantee the boundedness of variables involved but also make state variables converge into a sufficiently small neighborhood of the origin, even in the presence of uncertainties, saturation functions, and system parameters. Finally, numerical studies are given to verify the correctness of the designed scheme.
Titin UN2A Acts as a Stable, Non‐Polymorphic Scaffold in its Binding to CARP
Authors: Stehle Juliane , Fleming Jennifer R. , Bauer Piera‐Maria , Mayans Olga , Drescher Malte 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe N2A segment of titin functions as a pivotal hub for signal transduction and interacts with various proteins involved in structural support, chaperone activities, and transcriptional regulation. Notably, the “unique N2A” (UN2A) subdomain has been shown to interact with the stress‐regulated cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (CARP), which contributes to the regulation of sarcomeric stiffness. Previously, the UN2A domain's three‐dimensional structure was modelled based on its secondary structure content identified by NMR spectroscopy, considering the domain in isolation. In this study, we report experimental long‐range distance distributions by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy between the three helixes within the UN2A domain linked to the immunoglobulin domain I81 in the presence and absence of CARP. The data confirm the central three‐helix bundle fold of UN2A and show that this adopts a compact and stable conformation in absence of CARP. After binding to CARP, no significant conformational change was observed, suggesting that the UN2A domain retains its structure upon binding to CARP thereby, mediating the interaction approximately as a rigid‐body.
Could Drug Availability Be Improved through Shape Modification?
Authors: Prlić Kardum Jasna , Zokić Iva , Sokač Katarina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe possibility of spherical agglomeration was investigated for two active pharmaceutical ingredients from different classes of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System. The effects of different batch crystallization solvent systems on the granulometric properties and structures of dronedarone hydrochloride and ceritinib were investigated. Light and stereomicroscopy were used to determine the size and shape of the agglomerates, while X‐ray powder diffraction was applied to assess the changes in polymorphic form. Since the change in the solvent system had no effect on the crystal structure but did alter the size and shape of the crystals, dissolution experiments were carried out to determine drug release profiles.
Highly Scalable and Inherently Safer Preparation of Di, Tri and Tetra Nitrate Esters Using Continuous Flow Chemistry
Authors: Mittal Ankit Kumar , Pathak Pramod , Prakash Gaurav , Maiti Debabrata 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNitrate esters are important organic compounds having wide application in energetic materials, medicines and fuel additives. They are synthesized through nitration of aliphatic polyols. But the process safety challenges associated with nitration reaction makes the production process complicated and economically unviable. Herein, we have developed a continuous flow process wherein polyol and nitric acid are reacted in a microreactor to produce nitrate ester continuously. Our developed process is inherently safer and efficient. The process was optimized for industrially important nitrate esters containing two, three and four nitro groups. Substrates include glycol dinitrates: 1,2‐propylene glycol dinitrate (PGDN), ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN), diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN), triethylene glycol dinitrate (TEGDN); trinitrates: trimethylolethane trinitrate (TMETN), 1,2,4‐butanetriol trinitrate (BTTN); and tetranitrates: erythritol tetranitrate (ETN). The optimized process for each molecule provided yield >90 % in a short residence time of 1 min corresponding to a space time yield of >18 g/h/mL of reactor volume.
Design and Synthesis of Co‐initiators via Base‐Catalysed Sequential Conjugate Addition: Application in Photoinduced Radical Polymerisation Reaction
Authors: Ahmad Asrar , Siddiqui Shakir Ali , Mittal Garvisha , Sukumar N. , Dubey Kshatresh Dutta , Kapat Ajoy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractApplications of photochemistry are becoming very popular in modern‐day life due to its operational simplicity, environmentally friendly and economically sustainable nature in comparison to thermochemistry. In particular photoinduced radical polymerisation (PRP) reactions are finding more biological applications and especially in the areas of dental restoration processes, tissue engineering and artificial bone generation. A type‐II photoinitiator and co‐initiator‐promoted PRP turned out to be a cost‐effective protocol, and herein we report the design and synthesis of a new efficient co‐initiator for a PRP reaction via a barrierless sequential conjugate addition reaction. Experimental mechanistic observations have been further complemented by computational data. Time for newly synthesised 1,2‐benzenedithiol (DTH) based co‐initiator promoted polymerisation of urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA, 70 %) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA, 30 %) in presence of 450 nm LED (15 W) under the aerobic conditions is 38 seconds. Polymeric material has high glass transition temperature, improved mechanical strength (860 BHN) and longer in‐depth polymerisation (3 cm).
A Bifunctional Coordination‐Chain‐Based Hydrogen‐Bonded Framework for Quantitative Enantioselective Sensing
Authors: Han Zongsu , Wang Mengmeng , Wang Kunyu , Cheng Peng , Shi Wei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEnantioselective sensing is highly crucial and challenging due to the highly similar physical/chemical properties of enantiomers which may have different chemical impact on organism. Luminescent coordination compounds have attracted great attention as sensing materials based on their controllable chemical and electric structures that can be highly matched with the targeted species. To achieve high‐performance enantioselective sensing, the direct synthesis of chiral and luminescent bifunctional coordination compounds is a rational way but highly challenging due to the price and synthesis difficulty. Herein, an anionic coordination‐chain‐based hydrogen‐bonded framework was applied as a host to accommodate chiral and luminescent centers via a facile cation exchange reaction, affording a bifunctional framework that possesses enantioselective sensing properties for the mixture of enantiomers. This study paves a pathway for constructing multifunctional coordination chain‐based hydrogen‐bonded frameworks for rapidly enantioselective sensing function.
Single Molecular Persistent Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence and Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Binaphthol‐Decorated Optically Innocent Cyclotriphosphazenes
Authors: Jena Satyam , Thayyil Muhammed Munthasir Akkarakkaran , Pradhan Sambit , Kitahara Maho , Seika Suzuki , Imai Yoshitane , Thilagar Pakkirisamy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCircularly polarized luminescence (CPL) features of BINOL‐decorated cyclotriphosphazenes (CPs) are reported for the first time. The luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) of these compounds in chloroform solutions and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) thin films with wt 1 % doping concentrations are found to be 1.0×10−3, and 2.9×10−3, respectively. However, no CPL signal is observed for the pristine solids. The enantiomers (CP‐(R)/CP‐(S)) show ultraviolet photoluminescence (~350–360 nm) in solution and the solid state. These compounds show ~10 times larger absolute photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) than the simple BINOLs in the solutions state. In the solid state, CP‐(R) shows larger PLQY than binaphthol‐(R); in contrast, the S enantiomer shows lower PLQY than binaphthol‐(S); this indicates that the isomer‐dependent solid‐state packing of these compounds plays a crucial role in controlling the PL. Thin films with more than 1 % doping concentration and pristine solids of these compounds do not show persistent room‐temperature phosphorescence (pRTP) due to concentration‐caused quenching. However, thin films with wt 1 % of these chiral emitters exhibit pRTP characteristics with a ~159‐343 ms lifetime under vacuum. Theoretical calculations reveal that the cyclophosphazene acts as an optically innocent dendritic core, and the optical features of these compounds are dictated by the pendent BINOL chromophore.
Nucleophile‐Triggered π‐Topological Transformation: A New Synthetic Approach to Near‐Infrared‐Emissive Rhodamines
Authors: Harada Mei , Kutsuna Misa , Kitamura Taichi , Usui Yusuke , Ujiki Masayoshi , Nakamura Yuka , Obata Tohru , Tanioka Masaru , Uchiyama Masanobu , Sawada Daisuke , Kamino Shinichiro 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe describe a π‐topological transformation‐based synthetic method for the preparation of a new type of near‐infrared (NIR)‐emissive rhodamine dye called Polymethine‐embedded Rhodamine Fluorophore (PeR Fluor). In contrast to conventional NIR‐emissive dyes that require tedious synthetic steps and/or a high cost, linear fully π‐conjugated PeR Fluor can be regioselectively prepared in one step by mixing different nucleophiles with ABPXs, a family of rhodamines with a cross‐conjugated structure. PeR Fluor exhibits bright NIR fluorescence emission and high photostability owing to the cooperative π‐electron system of rhodamines and polymethine scaffolds. Large bathochromic shifts of the absorption and fluorescence emission maxima can be achieved by modifying the N‐substituted group to obtain NIR‐absorbing/emitting PeR Fluor. We also demonstrate the stimulus‐responsive functionality of PeR Fluor through the addition of chemicals (acid/base), which shows switchable NIR and visible fluorescence response. Our π‐topological transformation‐based synthetic method is a promising approach to produce new functionalized rhodamine dyes.
Inetetamab in combination with rapamycin and chemotherapy for trastuzumab‐treated metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐positive breast cancer with abnormal activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway
Authors: Wang Aijuan , Li Chenghui , Jiang Qi'an , Jiang Shu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression is an independent prognostic factor of poor prognosis and a predictor of efficacy of anti‐HER2 therapy. A limited number of patients can receive standard second‐line therapy (DS‐8201 or T‐DM1) for metastatic HER2‐positive in some parts of the world, including China, due to many factors, such as cost–benefit ratios.CaseA 51‐year‐old premenopausal woman was diagnosed with HER2‐positive breast cancer. The pathological stage was ypT3N2M0 and stage IIIA. Trastuzumab targeted therapy combined with goserelin depot was started along with letrozole endocrine therapy. After eight courses of treatment, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination revealed new multiple metastases in the liver, and progression disease (PD) was evaluated. Due to abnormal activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway in the patient, treatment was changed to the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor combined with the anti‐HER‐2 agents inetetamab and paclitaxel, while partial response (PR) was evaluated after 6 cycles of treatment. As the patient was hormone receptor (HR) positive, treatment was changed to the inetetamab + rapamycin + exemestane regimen. The lesion continued to shrink and PR was evaluated for 8 cycles. The original regimen was continued, PR was evaluated after 12 courses of treatment. The abdominal MRI performed showed an increase in the volume of intrahepatic multiple metastatic tumor lesion. Efficacy was used to assess for PD and the progression‐free survival (PFS) was 317 days.ConclusionA phosphatidylinositol‐4, 5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) mutation in trastuzumab‐treated metastatic HER2‐positive breast cancer female had a long PFS by treating with the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor in combination with the anti‐HER‐2 agent inetetamab.
Stability of the tangent bundle through conifold transitions
Authors: Collins Tristan , Picard Sebastien , Yau Shing‐Tung 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLet X be a compact, Kähler, Calabi‐Yau threefold and suppose , for , is a conifold transition obtained by contracting finitely many disjoint curves in X and then smoothing the resulting ordinary double point singularities. We show that, for sufficiently small, the tangent bundle admits a Hermitian‐Yang‐Mills metric with respect to the conformally balanced metrics constructed by Fu‐Li‐Yau. Furthermore, we describe the behavior of near the vanishing cycles of as .