bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients with COVID-19: management and clinical characteristics
Authors: Fang Fuquan , Jin Jing , Pi Yongmin , Guo Shaohui , Li Yuhong , Zhu Shengmei , Kang Xianhui 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purposes
SARS-CoV-2 have become widespread worldwide since the outbreak. Respiratory function deteriorates rapidly in critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Endotracheal intubation is an indispensable therapeutic measure during the development of the disease. This study was intended to describe the experience of endotracheal intubation from front-line anesthesiologists and clinical prognosis of patients infected with Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19).

Methods
Fourteen critical patients infected with COVID-19 who underwent endotracheal intubation were included in this study. We collate and analyze the blood gas results before and after tracheal intubation of patients and clinical prognostic indicators such as length of stay and. mortality. The experience of anesthesiologists who intubated patients has also been recorded in detail.

Results
Patients had a mean time of 10.6 days from initial symptoms to endotracheal intubation. Most intubated patients had one or more underlying conditions: hypertension (8, 57.14%), diabetes (5, 35.71%), and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (2, 14.29%). The oxygenation index increased significantly after intubation compared with before intubation (148.80 ± 42.25 vs 284.43 ± 60.17 p < 0.001). 85.72% of patients required extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) due to inability to maintain oxygen saturation with standard therapeutic measures. Two patients underwent lung transplantation because their lungs were essentially nonfunctional, and they recovered well after surgery. As of this writing, all patients were discharged after satisfactory recovery.

Conclusions
Reasonable selection of intubation timing is particularly important. It is crucial to increase the patient's oxygen supply and reduce oxygen consumption as much as possible during endotracheal intubation. In addition, the personal protective measures of medical personnel participating in treatment should be scientific and standardized.

Graphical Abstract
Inaugural editorial post COVID-19 global society: issues, challenges and edging forward
Authors: Baikady Rajendra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in the later part of 2020 resulted in enormous social and economic disruption leading to a quick transformation of global society. A health crisis that interrupted the lives of every individual across the globe, soon changed in to a human, economic and social crisis. All segments of the society irrespective of their status and privilege experienced the challenges posed by COVID-19 pandemic, however the marginalized and vulnerable populations including people living in poverty situations, older persons, persons with disabilities, youth, and indigenous peoples in developing, less developed and lower- and middle-income countries had the greater impact on their lives and livelihood. Furthermore, homeless population, people effected by war and conflict, people without access to running water, refugees, migrants, or displaced population continues to face the aftermaths of the pandemic.
Quantifying Wheat Blast Disease Induced Yield and Production Losses of Wheat: A Quasi-Natural Experiment
Authors: Mottaleb Khondoker Abdul , Hodson David P. , Krupnik Timothy J. , Sonder Kai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractApplying the difference-in-difference (DID) estimation procedure, this study quantifies the wheat blast (Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum) induced losses in wheat yield, quantity of wheat sold, consumed, or stored, as well as wheat grain value in Bangladesh in 2016 following a disease outbreak that affected over 15,000 ha. Estimates show that the blast-induced yield loss was 540 kg ha−1 on average for households in blast-affected districts. Estimated total wheat production loss was approximately 8,205 tons worth USD 2.1 million in during the 2016 outbreak. Based on these insights, we discuss the need for long-term assured investment and concerted research efforts in controlling transboundary diseases such as wheat blast, including the importance of weather forecast driven early warning systems and the dissemination of blast-resistant varieties.
Worst-case moments under partial ambiguity
Authors: Tang Qihe , Yang Yunshen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe model uncertainty issue is pervasive in virtually all applied fields but especially critical in insurance and finance. To hedge against the uncertainty of the underlying probability distribution, which we refer to as ambiguity, the worst case is often considered in quantifying the underlying risk. However, this worst-case treatment often yields results that are overly conservative. We argue that, in most practical situations, a generic risk is realized from multiple scenarios and the risk in some ordinary scenarios may be subject to negligible ambiguity so that it is safe to trust the reference distributions. Hence, we only need to consider the worst case in the other scenarios where ambiguity is significant. We implement this idea in the study of the worst-case moments of a risk in the hope to alleviate the over-conservativeness issue. Note that the ambiguity in our consideration exists in both the scenario indicator and the risk in the corresponding scenario, leading to a two-fold ambiguity issue. We employ the Wasserstein distance to construct an ambiguity ball. Then, we disentangle the ambiguity along the scenario indicator and the risk in the corresponding scenario, so that we convert the two-fold optimization problem into two one-fold problems. Our main result is a closed-form worst-case moment estimate. Our numerical studies illustrate that the consideration of partial ambiguity indeed greatly alleviates the over-conservativeness issue.
How do we overcome the current limitations of bioelectronic sensors used in healthcare and medicine?
Authors: Chakrabarty Samit , Chew Daniel , Güemes Amparo , Loeb Gerald , Sharma Rajnish , Shivdasani Mohit , Sridhar Arun , Yin Heyu 
Published: March 2023

There are several concerns with the use of bioelectronic sensors for healthcare applications, including:

1.
Implantation: Bioelectronic sensors that are implanted into the body can cause discomfort, infection, and scarring, and they can also trigger an immune response that can affect their performance over time. This degradation of the sensor can be toxic to the body.

2.
Power supply: Bioelectronic sensors often require a power source to operate, which can be a challenge for devices especially those that are implanted inside the body. If at all, bioelectronic sensors must draw power, then it must be at a minimum possible.

3.
Data security: Bioelectronic sensors can generate sensitive medical information, which must be protected from unauthorized access, hacking, or data breaches.

4.
Performance: Bioelectronic sensors must be highly accurate and reliable, as even small errors in readings can have significant consequences for patient health.

5.
Interoperability: Bioelectronic sensors must be able to work seamlessly with other medical devices and software, to enable the exchange and analysis of data.

6.
Cost: Bioelectronic sensors can be expensive, both to manufacture and to maintain, which can limit their accessibility and affordability for patients.

7.
Regulatory approval: Bioelectronic sensors must be approved by regulatory agencies such as the FDA, which can be a lengthy and complex process that requires extensive testing and data analysis.

8.
Designing good bioelectronic sensors remains a challenge due to unavailability of necessary circuit simulation tools. Software currently available may be good for normal electronic circuits, but design of any bioelectronic circuit is different and challenging. Proposed solutions must show that value addition.
An Empirical Analysis of Credibility Assessment in German Asylum Cases
Authors: Baade Björnstjern , Gölz Leah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study analyzes empirically how 236 German court decisions assess the credibility of asylum seekers’ accounts of their persecution. In their reasoning, the courts rely on generally accepted content-based credibility criteria, including consistency, level of detail, and timeliness of the claim. But they also rely on conduct-based criteria, which have been resoundingly discredited in the relevant scientific literature. Too rarely, the courts considered confounding factors such as cultural distance or interpreter mistakes. They need to be more aware of their duty to confront applicants with negative credibility criteria. Article 4 (5) Qualification Directive played no role whatsoever in the sample analyzed in this study, which can be explained by specifics of German asylum law.The human judgment that is required in the balancing of credibility criteria and confounding factors is problematic for its subjectivity but unavoidable. Attempts at replacing this human credibility assessment with seemingly objective technical means have led to arbitrary decisions and encroached gravely on applicants’ human rights. While the credibility assessment procedure employed in German courts is far from flawless, it can produce convincing decisions. It should be further refined and provided with safeguards to arrive at decisions that are as rational and objective as possible.
THE MANY FACES OF DIONYSUS IN THE HEXAMETERS OF THE SINAI PALIMPSEST (SIN. AR. NF 66)
Authors: Edmonds Radcliffe G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe fragments of a hexameter poem about Dionysus recently discovered in a palimpsest (Sin. Ar. NF 66) reveal some different faces of Dionysus, including an Adonis-figure at the heart of a dispute between two goddesses (Persephone and Aphrodite), and a personified wine-god, Oinos, threatened by the machinations of his enemies in the court of Zeus. These palimpsest texts help to illuminate some of the allusions to the early life of the god that have long puzzled scholars, especially in some of the early Christian apologists and the collection of OrphicHymns.
Finite point configurations in products of thick Cantor sets and a robust nonlinear Newhouse Gap Lemma
Authors: MCDONALD ALEX , TAYLOR KRYSTAL 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper we prove that the set
$\{|x^1-x^2|,\dots,|x^k-x^{k+1}|\,{:}\,x^i\in E\}$
has non-empty interior in
$\mathbb{R}^k$
when
$E\subset \mathbb{R}^2$
is a Cartesian product of thick Cantor sets
$K_1,K_2\subset\mathbb{R}$
. We also prove more general results where the distance map
$|x-y|$
is replaced by a function
$\phi(x,y)$
satisfying mild assumptions on its partial derivatives. In the process, we establish a nonlinear version of the classic Newhouse Gap Lemma, and show that if
$K_1,K_2, \phi$
are as above then there exists an open set S so that
$\bigcap_{x \in S} \phi(x,K_1\times K_2)$
has non-empty interior.
Predictors of prolonged pleural effusion after Fontan operation
Authors: Çınar Betül , Atik Sezen Ugan , Gökalp Selman , Çilsal Erman , Şahin Murat , Kamalı Hacer , Onan İsmihan Selen , Genç Serhat Bahadır , Yıldız Okan , Haydin Sertaç , Baydili Kürşad Nuri , Ergül Yakup , Güzeltaş Alper 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProlonged pleural effusion is a fairly common condition which has considerable impact on complicated and longer hospital stays after Fontan surgery. Identifying the patient population prone to have pleural effusions is still seeking for an answer. This study is to determine the variables that may predict prolonged pleural effusion according to the data of 69 patients who underwent Fontan operation between June 2018 and December 2020 and survived to date. Prolonged pleural effusion was defined as the need for a chest tube for more than 7 days. Two patient groups, with and without prolonged effusion, were compared in terms of pre-, peri-, and post-operative variables. The patients were subdivided into "high-risk" and "low-risk" groups based on the pre-operative catheterisation data. The most frequent main diagnosis was tricuspid atresia (n: 13, 19%). Among 69 patients, 28 (40%) had prolonged pleural effusion whereas 11 (16%) had effusions that lasted longer than 14 days. Ten patients among prolonged effusion group (35%) had pulmonary atresia coexistent with the main diagnosis. Fontan operation was performed in 6 patients (8.7%) over the age of 10, and 4 of these patients (67%) had prolonged pleural effusion. Among numerous variables, statistical significance between the two groups was achieved in pre-operative mean pulmonary artery pressure, post-operative albumin, C-reactive protein levels, length of hospital stay, duration of chest tube drainage, and amount of effusion per day. Early recognition and treatment strategies with routine medical protocol use remain to be the cornerstone for the management of post-operative prolonged pleural effusions after Fontan surgery.
AN ALGORITHMIC IMPOSSIBLE-WORLDS MODEL OF BELIEF AND KNOWLEDGE
Authors: SOYSAL ZEYNEP 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, I develop an algorithmic impossible-worlds model of belief and knowledge that provides a middle ground between models that entail that everyone is logically omniscient and those that are compatible with even the most egregious kinds of logical incompetence. In outline, the model entails that an agent believes (knows)$\phi $just in case she can easily (and correctly) compute that$\phi $is true and thus has the capacity to make her actions depend on whether$\phi $. The model thereby captures the standard view that belief and knowledge ground are constitutively connected to dispositions to act. As I explain, the model improves upon standard algorithmic models developed by Parikh, Halpern, Moses, Vardi, and Duc, among other ways, by integrating them into an impossible-worlds framework. The model also avoids some important disadvantages of recent candidate middle-ground models based on dynamic epistemic logic or step logic, and it can subsume their most important advantages.
Generation of the Internal Pycnocline in the Subpolar Southern Ocean by Wintertime Sea Ice Melting
Authors: Klocker A. , Naveira Garabato A. C. , Roquet F. , de Lavergne C. , Rintoul S. R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe ocean's internal pycnocline is a layer of elevated stratification that separates the well‐ventilated upper ocean from the more slowly renewed deep ocean. Despite its pivotal role in organizing ocean circulation, the processes governing the formation of the internal pycnocline remain little understood. Classical theories on pycnocline formation have been couched in terms of temperature and it is not clear how the theory applies in the high‐latitude Southern Ocean, where stratification is dominated by salinity. Here we assess the mechanisms generating the internal pycnocline at southern high latitudes through the analysis of a high‐resolution, realistic, global sea ice–ocean model. We show evidence suggesting that the internal pycnocline's formation is associated with sea ice‐ocean interactions in two distinct ice‐covered regions, fringing the Antarctic continental slope and the winter sea‐ice edge. In both areas, winter‐persistent sea‐ice melt creates strong, salinity‐based stratification at the base of the winter mixed layer. The resulting sheets of high stratification subsequently descend into the ocean interior at fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, and connect seamlessly to the internal pycnocline in areas further north in which pycnocline stratification is determined by temperature. Our findings thus suggest an important role of localized sea ice‐ocean interactions in configuring the vertical structure of the Southern Ocean.
Relative Humidity Dependence of Growth Factor and Real Refractive Index for Sea Salt/Malonic Acid Internally Mixed Aerosols
Authors: Liu Huichao , Pei Xiangyu , Zhang Fei , Song Yao , Kuang Binyu , Xu Zhengning , Wang Zhibin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSea salt aerosols (SSAs) often mix with organic matter via sea‐to‐air emission, photochemical oxidation, and atmospheric transport, which change particle hygroscopicity and real refractive index (RRI), thereby the radiative effects. However, the influence of water uptake and organic matters on radiative effects is not well understood. In this study, relative humidity (RH)‐dependent growth factor (GF), light scattering enhancement factor, RRI (nmea), and radiative forcing efficiency (RFE) in the visible spectrum of SSAs/malonic acid (MA) internally mixed aerosols were investigated. Our results showed that MA‐mediated SSAs readily absorbed water even at low RH but suppressed hygroscopic growth at high RH. The discrepancy between Zdanovskii‐Stokes‐Robinson predictions and measured GF indicated that the suppressing effect on size caused by produced malonate salts in chloride depletion became more evident as MA content increased. RRI in the visible spectrum decreased as MA got enriched and approached toward water's RRI at high RH, resulting in a less cooling effect. The increasing RH reduced RFE both by decreasing RRI and increasing particle size substantially. Ignoring the effect of MA on particle size and RRI under varied RH, errors in RFE at 525 nm up to 25% could be induced. Volume mixing rule performs well in predicting the RRI of mixed aerosols in dry conditions, while the retrieved difference of 0.061 between volume mixing RRI nvol and nmea would make the error in RFE up to 1.15 W·m−2·Aerosol optical depth−1 at 87% RH. Our study helps understand the impact of water content and dicarboxylic acids on the direct radiative effects of SSAs.
Sub‐Seasonal Variability of ENSO Teleconnections in Western North America and Its Prediction Skill
Authors: Park Chang‐Hyun , Choi Jung , Son Seok‐Woo , Kim Daehyun , Yeh Sang‐Wook , Kug Jong‐Seong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) significantly affects the wintertime surface climate in western North America (WNA) via the Pacific/North American‐like teleconnection pattern. Here, we show that the ENSO teleconnections over the WNA have significant sub‐seasonal variation despite the persistence of ENSO‐related tropical sea surface temperature anomalies throughout the entire winter. The ENSO–WNA teleconnections become substantially weakened in mid‐winter, considerably weaker than those in early and late winter. This mid‐winter weakening of the ENSO–WNA teleconnections is attributable to the convection over the equatorial Indian Ocean. In mid‐December of El Niño winters, the anomalously‐enhanced convection develops over the equatorial Indian Ocean and excites the teleconnection pattern with a 2‐week time lag. This teleconnection largely opposes the Pacific/North American‐like teleconnection pattern that is induced by anomalous convection over the equatorial central Pacific. Such sub‐seasonal variation of ENSO teleconnections is poorly predicted by multi‐model hindcasts, affecting the mid‐latitude prediction skill. It particularly results in a poorer prediction skill of WNA surface air temperature in mid‐winter than in late winter. This result highlights a need to better simulate the ENSO‐related tropical convection and the associated teleconnections in the model to improve the long‐lead prediction of the WNA surface climate.
Levosimendan inhibits disulfide tau oligomerization and ameliorates tau pathology in TauP301L-BiFC mice
Authors: Lim Sungsu , Shin Seulgi , Sung Yoonsik , Lee Ha Eun , Kim Kyu Hyeon , Song Ji Yeon , Lee Gwan-Ho , Aziz Hira , Lukianenko Nataliia , Kang Dong Min , Boesen Nicolette , Jeong Hyeanjeong , Abdildinova Aizhan , Lee Junghee , Yu Byung-Yong , Lim Sang Min , Lee Jun-Seok , Ryu Hoon , Pae Ae Nim , Kim Yun Kyung 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTau oligomers play critical roles in tau pathology and are responsible for neuronal cell death and transmitting the disease in the brain. Accordingly, preventing tau oligomerization has become an important therapeutic strategy to treat tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease. However, progress has been slow because detecting tau oligomers in the cellular context is difficult. Working toward tau-targeted drug discovery, our group has developed a tau-BiFC platform to monitor and quantify tau oligomerization. By using the tau-BiFC platform, we screened libraries with FDA-approved and passed phase I drugs and identified levosimendan as a potent anti-tau agent that inhibits tau oligomerization. 14C-isotope labeling of levosimendan revealed that levosimendan covalently bound to tau cysteines, directly inhibiting disulfide-linked tau oligomerization. In addition, levosimendan disassembles tau oligomers into monomers, rescuing neurons from aggregation states. In comparison, the well-known anti-tau agents methylene blue and LMTM failed to protect neurons from tau-mediated toxicity, generating high-molecular-weight tau oligomers. Levosimendan displayed robust potency against tau oligomerization and rescued cognitive declines induced by tauopathy in the TauP301L-BiFC mouse model. Our data present the potential of levosimendan as a disease-modifying drug for tauopathies.
Single-cell sequencing reveals that endothelial cells, EndMT cells and mural cells contribute to the pathogenesis of cavernous malformations
Authors: Ren Jian , Xiao Xiao , Li Ruofei , Lv Cheng , Zhang Yu , Wang Leiming , Hong Tao , Zhang Hongqi , Wang Yibo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCavernous malformations (CMs) invading the central nervous system occur in ~0.16–0.4% of the general population, often resulting in hemorrhages and focal neurological deficits. Further understanding of disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies requires a deeper knowledge of CMs in humans. Herein, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis on unselected viable cells from twelve human CM samples and three control samples. A total of 112,670 high-quality cells were clustered into 11 major cell types, which shared a number of common features in CMs harboring different genetic mutations. A new EC subpopulation marked with PLVAP was uniquely identified in lesions. The cellular ligand‒receptor network revealed that the PLVAP-positive EC subcluster was the strongest contributor to the ANGPT and VEGF signaling pathways in all cell types. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was strongly activated in the PLVAP-positive subcluster even in non-PIK3CA mutation carriers. Moreover, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) cells were identified for the first time in CMs at the single-cell level, which was accompanied by strong immune activation. The transcription factor SPI1 was predicted to be a novel key driver of EndMT, which was confirmed by in vitro and in vivo studies. A specific fibroblast-like phenotype was more prevalent in lesion smooth muscle cells, hinting at the role of vessel reconstructions and repairs in CMs, and we also confirmed that TWIST1 could induce SMC phenotypic switching in vitro and in vivo. Our results provide novel insights into the pathomechanism decryption and further precise therapy of CMs.