bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-life experience with remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19 among older adults: a multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Margalit Ili , Tiseo Giusy , Ripa Marco , Borghi Vanni , Green Hefziba , Prendki Virginie , Riccardi Niccolò , Perego Giovanni Battista , Grembiale Alessandro , Galli Laura , Tinelli Marco , Castagna Antonella , Mussini Cristina , Falcone Marco , Yahav Dafna 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The effect of remdesivir on COVID-19 mortality remains conflicting. Elderly individuals are at risk for poor COVID-19 outcomes. We aimed to assess the effect of remdesivir on COVID-19 mortality among elderly individuals, using real-world data.

Methods
Retrospective multinational cohort of individuals aged ≥65 years, hospitalized with COVID-19 in six medical centres between January 2020 and May 2021. Associations with in-hospital mortality were evaluated using a multivariable logistic regression model with propensity score adjustment for remdesivir therapy and while implementing generalized estimating equations to control for centre effect. Sensitivity analysis was performed by stratification according to the degree of respiratory support.

Results
Of 3010 individuals included, 2788 individuals required either oxygen supplementation or non-invasive/invasive mechanical ventilation, 489 (16%) were treated with remdesivir, and 836 (28%) died. Median age was 77 (IQR 70–84) years and 42% were women. Remdesivir was the only therapeutic intervention associated with decreased mortality [adjusted OR (aOR) 0.49, 95% CI 0.37–0.66, P &lt; 0.001]. This protective effect was shown for individuals requiring oxygen support and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, while no association was found among individuals necessitating invasive mechanical ventilation.
Risk factors for mortality included invasive ventilation (aOR 5.18, 95% CI 2.46–10.91, P &lt; 0.001), higher serum creatinine (aOR 1.25, 95% CI 1.09–1.43, P = 0.001) and dyspnoea (aOR 1.40, 95% CI 1.07–1.84, P = 0.015) on presentation, and other non-modifiable factors, such as comorbidities.

Conclusions
Among elderly individuals hospitalized with COVID-19, remdesivir carries survival benefit for those with moderate to severe disease. Its role among individuals with critical illness should be further assessed.
Factors associated with the time and magnitude of the nadir body condition score in early lactation and its subsequent effects on fertility of Holstein cows
Authors: Hernandez-Gotelli Constanza , Manríquez Diego , Azocar Joaquin , De Vries Albert , Pinedo Pablo J 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify variables associated with the time and magnitude of nadir BCS (nBCS) during early lactation and to characterize the effects of these two measurements on the subsequent pregnancy at first artificial insemination (P/AI1) and pregnancy loss of Holstein cows. A retrospective observational study was completed using data collected from 12,042 lactations in 7,626 Holstein cows calving between April 2019 and January 2022 in a commercial dairy operation located in Colorado, USA. Scores generated by an automated BCS camera system at dry-off (BCSdry), calving (BCS1), nadir (nBCS; defined as the lowest daily BCS from calving to 100 DIM), and 21 d post nadir were selected for the analyses and subsequently categorized into quartiles (Q1 = lower nBCS). Changes in BCS were calculated from dry-off to calving (multiparous cows); from calving to nadir; and from nadir to 21 d post nadir and assigned into quartile categories considering Q1 as the 25% of cows with greater loss (pre nadir) or smaller gain (post nadir) of BCS. Data were examined using logistic regression, ANOVA, and time to event analyses. Initial univariable models were followed by multivariable models that considered parity category, calving season, BCS1, and average milk yield up to 30 DIM (M30) as covariables. Sick cows and high producing cows had increased DIM at nadir, while lower BCSdry, greater M30, and occurrence of disease were associated with lower nBCS. Cows that conceived at AI1 had their nBCS earlier (45.1 ± 0.32 d) than cows that remained open after first AI (46.4 ± 0.35 d). On the contrary, DIM at nBCS did not differ by pregnancy loss status. The logistic regression analyses reported smaller odds of P/AI1 in cows in the lower nBCS categories. Likewise, cows with larger loss in BCS between calving and nadir had smaller odds of P/AI1. Although cows that lost their pregnancy had lower nBCS, this association was not consistent across the analyses. The time to and magnitude of nBCS, together with the ∆BCS from calving to nadir could be useful measures to evaluate the transition and early lactation status of dairy cows.
Dietary supplementation of dimethyl itaconate protects against chronic heat stress-induced growth performance impairment and lipid metabolism disorder in broiler chickens
Authors: Li Longlong , Cui Ziyi , Wang Huihui , Huang Benzeng , Ma Haitian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of dietary supplementation of dimethyl itaconate (DI) on chronic heat stress (HS)-induced impairment of the growth performance and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens. 21 days old male Ross 308 broiler chickens (a total of 120, about 700 g body weight) were randomly divided into five treatment groups, including control group, HS group, HS + 50 mg/kg DI group, HS + 150 mg/kg DI group, and HS + 200 mg/kg DI group, and each group contains eight cages of twenty-four broilers. The broiler chickens in the control group were raised in the room (21 ± 1 °C) and fed with a finisher diet for 21 days. The broiler chickens of the HS group and the HS + DI groups were raised in the room (32 ± 1 °C for 8 h/day) and fed with a finisher diet containing DI at 0, 50, 150, and 200 mg/kg diet for 21 days. The results showed that HS-induced decreases in the final body weight (P &lt; 0.01), average daily gain (P &lt; 0.01), and average daily feed intake (P &lt; 0.01) were alleviated by dietary supplementation of DI (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, dietary supplementation of DI attenuated the increases in the liver index (P &lt; 0.01) and abdominal fat rate (P &lt; 0.01) caused by HS in broilers (P &lt; 0.05). Treatment with DI ameliorated HS-induced lipid accumulation in the liver and serum of broiler chickens (P &lt; 0.05). The upregulation of mRNA levels of fat synthesis factors (P &lt; 0.01) and downregulation of mRNA levels of lipolysis-related factors (P &lt; 0.01) caused by HS were markedly blunted after treatment with DI in the liver of broilers (P &lt; 0.05). Broilers exposed to HS exhibited lower phosphorylated protein levels of AMP-activated protein kinase α and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α compared to the control group (P &lt; 0.01), which were improved by treatment with DI (P &lt; 0.01). Collectively, these results demonstrated that dietary supplementation of DI protects against chronic HS-induced growth performance impairment and lipid metabolism disorder in broiler chickens. These results not only provide a theoretical basis for DI to alleviate metabolic disorders but also provide a reference value for DI as a feed additive to improve heat stress in poultry caused by high temperature.
Fabrication, design, and optimization of hierarchical composite Kagome honeycomb sandwich structure under uniaxial compression
Authors: Song Shijun , Xiong Chao , Yin Junhui , Yang Zhaoshu , Wang Lu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this study, a hierarchical composite Kagome honeycomb sandwich (HCKHS) structure was manufactured based on the interlocking method, and its uniaxial compression performance was explored. Through experiments, the compressive strength, stiffness, energy absorption, and failure process of HCKHS specimens of seven different sizes were determined and compared. Mechanical analytical models were established, and the variation trend in the specific strength was predicted and compared with those of other advanced sandwich structures. The size effect of the HCKHS specimens was analyzed. The influence of a single variable on the core modulus, failure strength, and failure modes was discussed, and failure mechanism maps were drawn. The structure was optimized based on the maximum specific strength and engineering application, and the optimal size design ratio was obtained. The results showed that the HCKHS specimens exhibited excellent compressive properties with a convenient manufacturing process, making them suitable for lightweight applications in engineering. The optimization ideas presented herein are also applicable to other two-dimensional hierarchical or normal composite honeycomb sandwich structures with diamond, triangular, and hexagonal shapes.
Fully mechanical motion-scaling instrument for microsurgery assistance: design improvement for enhancing the dynamic performance
Authors: Lee Tae-Hoon , Choi Dongeun , Kim Chunwoo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Robot assistance can improve the outcome of microsurgery by scaling down the surgeon’s hand motions. However, the high cost of surgical robots has prevented their use in small hospitals or medical facilities in several developing countries. As a novel alternative, a fully mechanical motion-scaling instrument, which can be operated without computers and motors, was proposed based on the pantograph mechanism. However, it had several problems owing to the cumbersome and heavy structures during the prototype test. This study aims solving the problems found in the first design and proving the advantages of the improvement, based on the design and performance criteria. The pantograph structure was simplified, and the gravity compensation method was modified to reduce inertia by using a constant force spring instead of a counter-mass. The improvement was computationally predicted using a mathematical model, and the results were verified through trajectory measurements in a micropositioning task. Finally, the evaluation of dynamic performance is quantitatively presented through iterative positioning tasks.
Environmental accountability: a case for international conciliation?
Authors: Studer Tensin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In the past, conciliation mechanisms have scarcely been applied in an inter-state context. It is not surprising that there have been no publicly known environmental conciliations yet. However, in international environmental law, where different dispute settlement mechanisms are still evolving, conciliation might gain currency in the future. This article aims to promote international conciliation to resolve environmental disputes between (i) states, (ii) individuals and the state and (iii) individuals and corporations. At the outset, this article addresses the problem of international environmental accountability. It then discusses conciliation and why parties should resort to it when resolving environmental disputes. Before concluding, the article addresses the practical implementation of environmental conciliation and gives general tips for future conciliation proceedings. This article concludes that while conciliation has not been widespread, it has the potential to bridge the environmental accountability gap if the parties are willing to consent to it.
The different clinical presentations of pediatric allergic fungal sinusitis
Authors: Al Nahwi Fawatim A , AlMomen Ali , Alkishi Sarah A , Almolani Fadhel , Al Ameer Mohammed A , Alzubaidi Aziza A , Suwayyid Wejdan K , Alkhars Abdullah Z 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we aim to study the different clinical presentations of pediatric allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, and to review the experience in the diagnosis & management of AFS in children at King Fahad Specialist Hospital. This study is a retrospective case series of pediatric patients diagnosed and managed as AFS at a tertiary referral hospital in Saudi Arabia. The clinical presentation of pediatric AFS varies widely and includes unilateral, unilateral with proptosis, bilateral, alternating, isolated sphenoid and extensive with intracranial & intraorbital involvements. Children with AFS present with different clinical features when compared to adults. Therefore, they require a high index of suspicion for evaluation and early aggressive treatment.
Successful surgical treatment of brachial aneurysm associated with arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis
Authors: Maeda Shusaku , Ryugo Masahiro , Shibata Kana , Kashiyama Yukinori , Nakatsuji Hiroki , Tsutsumi Yasushi , Monta Osamu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A 58-year-old female who underwent renal transplantation and closure of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis at age 24 was presented with left forearm pain and cyanosis. Computed tomography revealed an obstructed true brachial aneurysm at the anterior aspect of the elbow joint. Under a diagnosis of true brachial aneurysm associated with AVF, aneurysm resection and brachial to ulnar artery bypass grafting using a reversed great saphenous vein were performed. To prevent graft occlusion due to elbow flexion, it was routed through the ulnar side of the elbow joint. One year after surgery, the patient was asymptomatic with a patent graft.
Recent Advances in Data Integration
Authors: Sakshaug Joseph W , Steorts Rebecca C 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe availability of both survey and non-survey data sources, such as administrative data, social media data, and digital trace data, has grown rapidly over the past decade. With this expansion in data, the statistical, methodological, computational, and ethical challenges around integrating multiple data sources have also grown. This special issue addresses these challenges by highlighting recent innovations and applications in data integration and related topics.
The ABI5-dependent down-regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthase OSCP subunit facilitates apple necrotic mosaic virus infection
Authors: He Chengyong , Xing Fei , Liang Jiahui , Zhang Zhixiang , Zhan Binhui , Habili Nuredin , Wang Hongqing , Li Shifang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Apple necrotic mosaic virus (ApNMV) is associated with apple mosaic disease in China. However, the mechanisms of ApNMV infection, as well as host defence against the virus, are still poorly understood. Mitochondrial ATP synthase plays a fundamental role in the regulation of plant growth and development. However, mitochondrial ATP synthase function in response to virus infection remains to be defined. In the present study, a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening revealed that the apple mitochondrial ATP synthase oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein (OSCP) subunit (MdATPO) interacts with ApNMV coat protein (CP). It was further verified that overexpression of MdATPO in Nicotiana benthamiana inhibited viral accumulation. In contrast, silencing of NbATPO facilitated viral accumulation, indicating that ATPO plays a defensive role during ApNMV infection. Further investigation demonstrated that ApNMV infection accelerated abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation, and ABA negatively regulated ATPO transcription, which was related to the ability of ABA insensitive 5 (ABI5) to bind to the ABA-responsive elements (ABREs) of the ATPO promoter. Taken together, our results indicated that transcription factor ABI5 negatively regulated ATPO transcription by directly binding to its promoter, leading to the susceptibility of apple and N. benthamiana to ApNMV infection. The current study facilitates a comprehensive understanding of the intricate responses of the host to ApNMV infection.
Protein phosphatase StTOPP6 negatively regulates potato bacterial wilt resistance by modulating MAPK signaling
Authors: Wang Bingsen , Huang Mengshu , He Wenfeng , Wang Yuqi , Yu Liu , Zhou Dan , Meng Chengzhen , Cheng Dong , Qiu Huishan , Tan Xiaodan , Song Botao , Chen Huilan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPotato (Solanum tuberosum) is an important crop globally and is grown across many regions in China, where it ranks fourth in the list of staple foods. However, its production and quality are severely affected by bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. In this study, we identified StTOPP6, which belongs to the type one protein phosphatase (TOPP) family, and found that transient knock down of StTOPP6 in potato increased resistance against R. solanacearum. RNA-seq analysis showed that knock down of StTOPP6 activated immune responses, and this defense activation partly depended on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway. StTOPP6 inhibited the expression of StMAPK3, while overexpression of StMAPK3 enhanced resistance to R. solanacearum, supporting the negative role of StTOPP6 in plant immunity. Consistent with the results of knock down of StTOPP6, overexpressing the phosphatase-dead mutation StTOPP6m also attenuated infection and up-regulated MAPK3, showing that StTOPP6 activity is required for disease. Furthermore, we found that StTOPP6 affected the StMAPK3-mediated downstream defense pathway, eventually suppressing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Consistent with these findings, plants with knock down of StTOPP6, overexpression of StTOPP6m, and overexpression of StMAPK3 all displayed ROS accumulation and enhanced resistance to R. solanacearum. Taken together, the findings of our study demonstrate that StTOPP6 negatively regulates resistance to bacterial wilt by affecting the MAPK3-mediated pathway.
Intra-night optical flux and polarization variability of BL Lacertae during its 2020–2021 high state
Authors: Bachev Rumen , Tripathi Tushar , Gupta Alok C , Kushwaha Pankaj , Strigachev Anton , Kurtenkov Alexander , Nikolov Yanko , Boeva Svetlana , Damljanovic Goran , Vince Oliver , Stojanovic Milan , Kishore Shubham , Gaur Haritma , Dhiman Vinit , Fan Junhui , Kalita Nibedita , Spassov Borislav , Semkov Evgeni 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
In this work, we report the presence of rapid intra-night optical variations in both flux and polarization of the blazar BL Lacertae during its unprecedented 2020–2021 high state of brightness. The object showed significant flux variability and some colour changes, but no firmly detectable time delays between the optical bands. The linear polarization was also highly variable in both polarization degree and angle (electric vector polarization angle). The object was observed from several observatories throughout the world, covering a total of almost 300 h during 66 nights. Based on our results, we suggest that the changing Doppler factor of an ensemble of independent emitting regions, travelling along a curved jet that at some point happens to be closely aligned with the line of sight, can successfully reproduce our observations during this outburst. This is one of the most extensive variability studies of the optical polarization of a blazar on intra-night time-scales.
Spectral energy distribution profiles from AGN accretion disc in multigap set-up
Authors: Štolc Marcel , Zajaček Michal , Czerny Bożena , Karas Vladimír 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Spectral energy distribution (SED) of the broad-band continuum emission from black-hole accretion discs can serve as a tool to measure parameters of the central body and constrain the geometry of the inner accretion flow. We focus on the case of an active galactic nucleus (AGN), with an accretion disc dominating the UV/optical bands. We parametrize the changes in the thermal and power-law components, which can reveal the diminution of the emissivity. To this end we explore the effects of gaps in the accretion disc and the emerging SED that can be caused by the presence of either (i) the inner, optically thin, radiatively inefficient hot flow; (ii) a secondary black hole embedded within the accretion disc; or (iii) a combination of both components. We suggest that the resulting changes in the SED of the underlying continuum can help us understand some departures from the standard-disc scenario. We estimate that the data required for such a project must be sampled in detail over the far-UV to soft X-ray bands during the interval of about a month corresponding to the characteristic variability time-scale of an AGN. Detecting a gap at intermediate radii of a few 100 gravitational radii would require quality photometry with uncertainties up to $\sim 1~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. The presence of the central cavity in the standard disc can be recovered in UV photometric data with an accuracy of 5 per cent and better. We show the effect of the intrinsic reddening of the source and demonstrate when it can be disentangled.
Spatio-temporal non-localities in a solar-like mean-field dynamo
Authors: Pipin V V 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTThe scale separation approximation, which is in the base of the solar mean-field dynamo models, can be hardly justified both by observations and theoretical applications to astrophysical dynamos. The general expression for the mean turbulent electromotive force can be written in integral form with convolution of the turbulent effects and mean magnetic field variations over scales of the turbulent flows and global scales of the mean-field dynamo. Following results of direct numerical simulations (DNS), which had been reported earlier, we take the Lorentzian form of the integral convolution kernels as an experimental fact. It allows us to approximate the governing equation for the mean electromotive force by the reaction–diffusion type equation. Solution of the eigenvalue problem reveals a few curious properties of the dynamo model with the non-local mean electromotive force. We find a decrease of the critical dynamo instability threshold, and an increase the dynamo periods of the unstable modes, as reported in earlier studies. Simultaneously, the non-local model shows substantially lower growth rate of the unstable dynamo modes in proximity of the critical threshold than the model which employs the scale separation approximation. We verify these findings using the non-linear solar dynamo model. For the supercritical regime, when the α-effect magnitude is about twice of the instability threshold, the model shows the Parker’s dynamo wave solutions with the wave propagating from the mid-latitude at the bottom of the convection zone towards the solar equator at the surface.
Three cases of optical periodic modulation in Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Li Jie , Wang Zhongxiang , Zheng Dong 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We report on the case of optical periodic modulation discovered in two Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and one candidate AGN. Analysing the archival optical data obtained from large transient surveys, namely the Catalina Real-Transient Survey (CRTS) and the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), we find periodicities of 2169.7, 2103.1, and 1462.6 d in sources J0122 + 1032, J1007 + 1248 (or PG 1004 + 1248), and J2131 − 1127, respectively. The optical spectra of the first two indicate that the first is likely a blazar and the second a type 1 Seyfert galaxy, and while no spectroscopic information is available for the third one, its overall properties suggest that it is likely an AGN. In addition, mid-infrared (MIR) light-curve data of the three sources, taken by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), are also analysed. The light curves show significant variations, but not appearing related to the optical periodicities. Based on the widely discussed supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) scenario, we discuss the origin of the optical modulation. Two possible interesting features, an additional 162-d short optical periodicity in J2131 − 1127 and the consistency of the X-ray flux variations of J1007 + 1248 with its optical periodicity, are also discussed within the SMBHB scenario.