bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Effect of Different High-Intensity Running Protocols on Resistance Training Performance
Authors: Pérez-Castilla Alejandro , García-Pinillos Felipe , Miras-Moreno Sergio , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , García-Ramos Amador , Ruiz-Alias Santiago A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Pérez-Castilla, A, García-Pinillos, F, Miras-Moreno, S, Ramirez-Campillo, R, García-Ramos, A, and Ruiz-Alias, SA. Selective effect of different high-intensity running protocols on resistance training performance. J Strength Cond Res 37(6): e369–e375, 2023—This study aimed to explore the acute effect of 2 high-intensity running protocols (high-intensity interval training [HIIT] and sprint interval training [SIT]) on resistance training (RT) performance and their combined effect on the lower-body maximal neuromuscular capacities. Eighteen healthy subjects randomly completed 3 experimental protocols: only RT, HIIT + RT, and SIT + RT. Characteristics of the RT protocol include 3 back-squat sets of 10 repetitions or 20% velocity loss against 60% of 1 repetition maximum with 3 minutes of interset rest. Characteristics of the high-intensity running protocols include HIIT (4 intervals of 4 minutes at ∼110% of functional threshold power with 3 minutes of interinterval rest) and SIT (6 all-out sprints of 30 seconds with 4 minutes and 24 seconds of interinterval rest). The force-velocity relationship (maximal values of force [F
0], velocity [v
0], and power [Pmax]) was evaluated at the beginning and at the end of each experimental protocol. The number of back-squat repetitions (p = 0.006; effect size [ES] = −0.96), fastest velocity (p = 0.003; ES = −0.63), and average velocity (p = 0.001; ES = −0.73) were lower for the SIT + RT protocol compared with the RT protocol, but no significant differences were observed between the RT and HIIT + RT (p ≥T0.057; ES ≤.−0.46, except −0.82 for the number of back-squat repetitions) and HIIT + RT and SIT + RT (p ≥T0.091; ES .0−0.35) protocols. The 3 protocols induced comparable decreases in v

0
and Pmax (F
(2,34) 2,0.96; p ≥ 0.393), but F

0
tended to decrease after the SIT + RT protocol and to increase after the RT and HIIT + RT protocols (F
(2,34) = 4.37; p = 0.035). Compared with RT alone, the data suggest that SIT deteriorates RT quality and F
0 capacity more than long-interval HIIT.
Position-Specific Running and Technical Demands During Male Elite-Junior and Elite-Senior Australian Rules Football Match-Play
Authors: Jennings Jacob , Štaka Zorana , Wundersitz Daniel W. , Sullivan Courtney J. , Cousins Stephen D. , Čustović Edhem , Kingsley Michael I. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Jennings, J, Štaka, Z, Wundersitz, DW, Sullivan, CJ, Cousins, SD, Čustović, E, and Kingsley, MI. Position-specific running and technical demands during male elite-junior and elite-senior Australian rules football match-play. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2022—The aim of this study was to compare position-specific running and technical demands of elite-junior and elite-senior Australian rules football match-play to better inform practice and assist transition between the levels. Global positioning system and technical involvement data were collated from 12 Victorian U18 male NAB League (n = 553) and 18 Australian Football League (n = 702) teams competing in their respective 2019 seasons. Players were grouped by position as nomadic, fixed, or ruck, and data subsets were used for specific analyses. Relative total distance (p = 0.635, trivial effect), high-speed running (HSR) distance (p = 0.433, trivial effect), acceleration efforts (p = 0.830, trivial effect), deceleration efforts (p = 0.983, trivial effect), and efforts at >150 m·min−1 (p = 0.229, trivial effect) and >200 m·min−1 (p = 0.962, trivial effect) did not differ between elite-junior and elite-senior match-play. Elite juniors covered less total and HSR distance during peak periods (5 seconds–10 minutes) of demand (p ≤ 0.022, small-moderate effects). Within both leagues, nomadic players had the greatest running demands followed by fixed position and then rucks. Relative disposals (p = 0.330, trivial effect) and possessions (p = 0.084, trivial effect) were comparable between the leagues. During peak periods (10 seconds to 2 minutes), elite juniors had less technical involvements than elite seniors (p ≤ 0.001, small effects). Although relative running demands and positional differences were comparable between the leagues, elite juniors perform less running, HSR, and technical involvements during peak periods when compared with elite seniors. Therefore, coaching staff in elite-senior clubs should maintain intensity while progressively increasing the volume of training that recently drafted players undertake when they have transitioned from elite-junior leagues.
Assessing Injury Susceptibility at Marine Corps Recruit Depot, San Diego, California
Authors: Poh Paula Y.S. , Sessoms Pinata H. , Haluch Kathrine S. , Trone Daniel W. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Poh, PYS, Sessoms, PH, Haluch, KS, and Trone, DW. Assessing injury susceptibility at Marine Corps Recruit Depot, San Diego, California. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2022—Marine Corps Recruit Depot (MCRD) recruits undergo demanding training. Musculoskeletal injury (MSKI) accounts for attrition and graduation delays. Functional tests, such as Functional Movement Screen (FMS), Y-Balance Test-Lower Quarter (YBT-LQ), and ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (AD-ROM), may identify individuals at greater MSKI risk. This study tested the hypothesis that functional assessments may inform injury prediction. Male recruits (N = 407; mean ± SD: age, 20 ± 2 years) performed baseline functional tests. Marine Corps Recruit Depot staff tracked MSKI and graduation outcomes. The chi-square test of independence (individual FMS exercises) and Mann-Whitney U (FMS composite score) test examined the relationship between FMS and MSKI incidence. One-way analysis of variance compared YBT-LQ and AD-ROM with MSKI incidence. Twelve recruits (3%) incurred a lower extremity MSKI and were dropped. Of those 12, 9 had a delayed graduation, and 3 separated from enlistment. The level of significance was set at p < 0.10 to identify between-group differences (yes-MSKI vs. no-MSKI). Functional movement screen composite score (p = 0.064), hurdle step (p = 0.059), and trunk stability (p = 0.001) were lower in yes-MSKI. Y-Balance Test-Lower Quarter anterior direction difference between legs (p = 0.011) and AD-ROM right side (p = 0.055) was greater in yes-MSKI. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated using cut-off scores, with strong odds of sustaining MSKI with FMS trunk stability score <2 (OR: 7.56, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [2.32, 24.61]) and YBT-LQ anterior difference >6.25 cm (OR: 6.38, 95% CI: [1.98, 20.55]). Recruits who incurred MSKI had scores that indicated lesser mobility and stability of the lower extremity, providing preliminary evidence that when assessed together, FMS, YBT-LQ, and AD-ROM, may have predictive value for identifying those at MSKI risk.
Time Course Evaluation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphorylation to Resistance Exercise: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lee Christopher J. , Nicoll Justin X. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Lee, CJ and Nicoll, JX. Time course evaluation of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation to resistance exercise: a systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 37(3): 710–725, 2023—Resistance exercise (RE) can increase the signaling activities of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), specifically extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (p90RSK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK), and p38-MAPK. These RE-induced responses contribute to various intracellular processes modulating growth and development in skeletal muscles, playing an essential role in resistance training adaptations. The time course of MAPK phosphorylation to different RE conditions, such as training experience and varying loads, remains ambiguous. A systematic review was conducted to determine the effects of different post-RE recovery time points on the MAPK signaling cascade. In addition, the effects of loading and training statuses on MAPK responses were also investigated. The review was performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines with a literature search incorporating 3 electronic databases. A modified version of the Downs and Black checklist was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies. The signaling responses were measured within a time range between immediately post-RE and >6 hours post-RE. Forty-four studies met the inclusion criteria, and all were classified as good-to-moderate methodological quality. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation increased to different levels after RE, with the highest near the cessation of exercise. Although overall signaling was attenuated among trained individuals likely because of training adaptations, greater MAPK responses can be attributed to moderate loads of 65–85% 1RM regardless of the training experience. However, specific training-induced responses remain equivocal, and further investigations are required to determine the ideal training parameters to optimize anabolic intramuscular signaling, which may likely optimize resistance training adaptations.
Power, Endurance, and Body Composition Changes Over a Collegiate Career in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Women Soccer Athletes
Authors: McFadden Bridget A. , Bozzini Brittany N. , Cintineo Harry P. , Hills Samuel P. , Walker Alan J. , Chandler Alexa J. , Sanders David J. , Russell Mark , Arent Shawn M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
McFadden, BA, Bozzini, BN, Cintineo, HP, Hills, SP, Walker, AJ, Chandler, AJ, Sanders, DJ, Russell, M, and Arent, SM. Power, endurance, and body composition changes over a collegiate career in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I women soccer athletes. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2022—The purpose of this study was to determine longitudinal changes in fitness and body composition throughout athletes' 4-year collegiate soccer careers. Performance testing occurred before preseason during freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior year in 17 female Division I soccer players. Body composition was assessed through air-displacement plethysmography to determine percent body fat (%BF), fat-free mass (FFM), and body mass (BM). Maximal countermovement vertical jump height was assessed through contact mat using arm swing (CMJAS) and hands-on-hips (CMJHOH) methods to calculate power (CMJwatts/HOHwatts). Aerobic capacity (V̇o
2max) and ventilatory threshold (VT) were assessed by indirect calorimetry during a maximal graded exercise test on a treadmill. Linear mixed models were used to assess changes across academic years (p < 0.05). No changes occurred in %BF, BM, V̇o
2max, VT, CMJAS, or CMJwatts. A time main effect was seen for FFM (p = 0.01) with increases from freshman to senior (p = 0.02). Time main effects were observed for CMJHOH (p < 0.001) and CMJHOHwatts (p < 0.001) with increases from freshman to junior (CMJHOH,
p = 0.001; CMJHOHwatts, p = 0.02) and senior (CMJHOH, p < 0.001; CMJHOHwatts, p = 0.003) as well as sophomore to senior (CMJHOH, p < 0.001; CMJHOHwatts, p = 0.02). Countermovement vertical jump with hands on hips also increased from sophomore to junior (p = 0.005). The lower FFM and power capabilities as freshmen compared with upperclassman indicate a potential limited readiness. Coaches and training staff should account for these developmental differences when entering the preseason. Adequate conditioning programs before starting a collegiate program may help build a fitness foundation and prepare freshmen athletes to compete at the same level as their upperclassmen counterparts.
The Acute Effect of High-Intensity Resistance Training on Subsequent Firefighter Performance
Authors: Mason M. Ryan , Heebner Nicholas R. , Abt John P. , Bergstrom Haley C. , Shapiro Robert , Langford Emily L. , Abel Mark G. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Mason, MR, Heebner, NR, Abt, JP, Bergstrom, HC, Shapiro, R, Langford, EL, and Abel, MG. The acute effect of high-intensity resistance training on subsequent firefighter performance. J Strength Cond Res 37(7): 1507–1514, 2023—High-intensity resistance training (HIRT) is commonly performed by structural firefighters on duty to enhance occupational readiness. However, exercise-induced fatigue may negatively impact subsequent occupational performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the acute effect of HIRT on subsequent occupational physical ability in structural firefighters and to determine the time course of recovery. Seven resistance-trained male firefighters performed a timed maximal effort simulated fireground test (SFGT) in 3 randomized conditions: baseline (SFGTbaseline), 10 minutes post HIRT (SFGT10min), and 60 minutes post HIRT (SFGT60min). Work efficiency and air depletion were assessed during the SFGT. The timed HIRT session consisted of a standardized set of exercises using absolute training loads. Repeated measures analysis of variance and minimal difference (MD) analysis assessed group and individual effects between the conditions, respectively. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. SFGT10min completion time was greater than SFGTbaseline (430 ± 137 vs. 297 ± 69 seconds, p < 0.01), with no difference between SFGTbaseline and SFGT60min (297 ± 69 vs. 326 ± 89 seconds, p = 0.08). The MD analysis indicated that all firefighters' SFGT10min times exceeded the MD (±26.4 seconds) compared with SFGTbaseline. However, 43% of firefighters still exceeded the MD at SFGT60min. Air depletion during SFGT10min was greater than that during SFGTbaseline (2,786 ± 488 vs. 2,186 ± 276 lb·in−2, p = 0.02), with no difference between SFGTbaseline and SFGT60min (p = 0.25). Work efficiency during SFGT10min was 40% lower than that during SFGTbaseline (p < 0.01), with no difference between SFGTbaseline and SFGT60min (p = 0.25). These findings indicate that an acute bout of HIRT decreases multiple descriptors of firefighters' occupational performance 10 minutes post exercise with varied responses at 60 minutes post exercise.
Comparative Effects of Contrast Training and Progressive Resistance Training on Strength and Power-Related Measures in Subelite Australian Rules Football Players
Authors: Schneiker Knut T. , Fyfe Jackson J. , Teo Shaun Y.M. , Bishop David J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Schneiker, KT, Fyfe, JJ, Teo, SYM, and Bishop, DJ. Comparative effects of contrast training and progressive resistance training on strength and power-related measures in subelite Australian Rules Football players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2022—The aim of this study was to determine whether contrast training (CST) elicits superior strength-related and power-related outcomes compared with progressive resistance training (PRT). Sixteen male amateur Australian Rules Football players (age, 19 ± 2 years; height, 183 ± 8 cm; body mass, 78.5 ± 8.8 kg; mean ± SD) completed 2 weeks of standardized resistance training followed by 6 weeks of either CST or PRT. Both CST and PRT improved absolute (20 and 19%) and relative (19 and 16%) 1 repetition maximum (1RM) half squat strength, absolute (8.7 and 8.7%, respectively) and relative (8.2 and 6.1%, respectively) squat jump peak power, and 20-m sprint performance (5.4 and 4.7%, respectively), including both 0 to 5 m (15 and 14%, respectively) and 0 to 10 m (8.6 and 7.5%, respectively) splits. Vertical jump height only improved with CST (6.5%), whereas body mass only increased after PRT (1.9%). There were negative associations between the baseline power-to-strength ratio (PSR) and improvements in both absolute (r
2 = 0.51 and 0.72 for CST and PRT, respectively) and relative (r
2 = 0.65 and 0.60 for CST and PRT, respectively) squat jump peak power. There were no statistically significant (i.e., p ≥ 0.05) between-group differences for all training outcomes. Both interventions improved various strength-related and power-related measures, although a lower baseline PSR was associated with greater improvements in power-related outcomes after both interventions. Contrast training is therefore an effective alternative to progressive resistance training during relatively short-term (6–8 weeks) training periods in young, male, team-sport athletes, particularly in those with a lower power-to-strength ratio.
Cross-Sectional Analysis of Ground Reaction Forces During Jumps in Professional Baseball Players
Authors: Amonette William E. , Vazquez Jose , Coleman A. Eugene 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Amonette, WE, Vazquez, J, and Coleman, AE. Cross-sectional analysis of ground reaction forces during jumps in professional baseball players. J Strength Cond Res 37(8): 1616–1622, 2023—This study described and compared force plate kinetics in major (MLB) and minor (MiLB) baseball players while performing vertical jumps (CMVJ), squat jumps (SSJ), and depth jumps (DJ). Second, comparisons were made between playing positions. Data were collected on 101 professional baseball players. Peak force, eccentric and concentric impulses, peak power, and jump height were determined from each test. Reactive strength index was computed from the DJ. Data were compared using factorial analysis of variances, alpha was set at p ≤ 0.05, and effect sizes were reported using Cohen's d. During CMVJ, MiLB players generated more force (p = 0.04; d = 0.48), power (p = 0.02; d = 0.42), and jumped higher (p = 0.03; d = 0.32) than MLB players. Pitchers generated higher propulsive impulses than catchers (p = 0.004; d = 0.93). Outfielders generated more power (p = 0.02; d = 0.98) and jumped higher (p = 0.049; d = 1.08) than catchers and infielders (p = 0.025; d = 0.32). Minor league baseball players generated more force (p = 0.002; d = 0.62), power (p = 0.001; d = 0.84), and jumped higher (p = 0.02; d = 0.48) than MLB players in SSJ. No differences were observed by position in SSJ. Minor league baseball players jumped higher than MLB players in the DJ (p = 0.01; d = 0.57) and outfielders generated more power in the DJ than pitchers (p = 0.05; d = 0.43) and catchers (p = 0.007; d = 1.61). Reactive strength index was greater in outfielders compared with catchers (p = 0.01; d = 1.20). These data indicate that MiLB players were generally more powerful and jumped higher than MLB players in the 3 performance tasks. The difference observed by playing level were likely related to physical preparedness at the beginning of spring training; positional differences were the result of athletic skill sets required for tactical excellence at each position.
Anthropometric Evaluation of First Round Draft Selections in Major League Baseball
Authors: Crotin Ryan L. , Conforti Christian M. , Szymanski David J. , Oseguera Jordan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Crotin, RL, Conforti, CM, Szymanski, DJ, and Oseguera, J. Anthropometric Evaluation of first round draft selections in Major League Baseball. J Strength Cond Res 37(8): 1609–1615, 2023—Physical stature effects on future Major League Baseball (MLB) performance and player evaluation are not known among amateurs. Amateur athletes with greater stature were expected to perform at a higher MLB level, play first base or catcher, be drafted earlier, begin earlier MLB careers, and receive higher signing bonuses compared with lower stature players. Publicly available high-school amateur data on 319 first round player selections from 2005 to 2015 identified athletes' body mass, heights, and body mass index (BMI) to determine impacts on MLB Wins Above Replacement (WAR) ratings, draft selection number, signing bonuses, position, educational background, innings pitched, and plate appearances before making an MLB debut. Student t tests split sample data above and below the median to examine mean differences for body mass, height, and BMI, whereas one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction calculated first round selection groups and positional differences in anthropometry at an a priori alpha level of p ≤ 0.05. First basemen and catchers had the highest BMI of all positions (p < 0.05, d > 0.80), high-school signees had higher BMI than collegiate signees during high-school years (p < 0.03, d > 0.05), the first 5 selections had higher BMI than the last 5 selections in the first round (p < 0.05, d = 0.38), all with moderate-to-large effects. High-school pitchers with less body mass reached the MLB level in less innings than heavier pitchers (p < 0.001, d = 0.62). No anthropometric differences were seen in player WAR ratings. Results indicate a scouting preference toward high-school athletes with greater BMI, yet high-school anthropometrics seem to not influence future MLB performance.
Athlete External Loads Across a Collegiate Men's Lacrosse Season
Authors: Fields Jennifer B. , Jones Margaret T. , Feit Mary Kate , Jagim Andrew R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Fields, JB, Jones, MT, Feit, MK, and Jagim, AR. Athlete external loads across a collegiate men’s lacrosse season. J Strength Cond Res 37(8): e455–e461, 2023—Tracking and quantifying athlete workload may provide insight into best practice periodization strategies and workload management. Limited information exists detailing the external demands associated with collegiate men's lacrosse. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate and compare practice, game, and positional differences across a lacrosse season. Male collegiate lacrosse athletes (n = 17; body mass: 79.9 kg ± 9.7 kg; body fat %: 14.7 ± 3.8%) wore a global positional system device during practices (n = 66) and games (n = 19). External load metrics were total distance (TD), sprint distance (SD), accelerations (>3 m·s−2), sprint efforts, player load (PL), PL/min, and top speed. Multiple analysis of variances assessed differences in external loads across session (practice versus game) and sport position (attackers, midfielders, and defenders). A 3 × 4 analysis of variance was used to determine a position-by-time (first quarter [Q1], second quarter [Q2], third quarter [Q3], and fourth quarter [Q4]) interaction (p < 0.05). Total distance (p < 0.001, η
2: 0.047), SD (p < 0.001, η
2: 0.093), sprint efforts (p < 0.001, η
2: 0.077), PL (p < 0.001, η
2: 0.022), and top speeds (p < 0.001, η
2: 0.086) were all higher in games compared with practices. Attackers and defenders covered more TD (p < 0.001, η
2 = 0.0257), accelerations (p < 0.001, η
2 = 0.126), PL (p < 0.001, η
2 = 0.233), and PL/min (p < 0.001, η
2 = 0.193) than midfielders. Attackers and midfielders covered more SD (p = 0.002 η
2 = 0.043), sprint efforts (p < 0.001, η
2 = 0.053), and achieved higher top speed (p < 0.001, η
2 = 0.0063) than defenders. Volume and intensity metrics declined by Q4 in attackers and defenders (p < 0.05), whereas external load measures did not differ across quarters for midfielders. Monitoring in-game external loads can assist coaches with individualizing training programs and preparing athletes for game demands.