bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Simple Method for Calculating the Shear Deformation of Reinforced Concrete Elements in the Elastic and Plastic Domains
Authors: Hdz-Gil Luisa , Gil-Martín Luisa María , Hernández-Montes Enrique 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a simple method for calculating the shear deformation and the shear capacity of reinforced and prestressed concrete elements containing shear reinforcement. This new approach considers that, for large deformations, concrete elements follow compatibility conditions based on displacements of the composite material subjected to shearing forces. The result is a beam, inspired by the Timoshenko-Ehrenfest beam theory, which considers a new hypothesis regarding shearing deformation, informed by the behavior of the shear reinforcement. The new method is compared with previous approaches, allowing us to assess the technological advances of the new proposal. The new method is easy to implement and provides information about the shearing deformation (in the elastic and plastic domains) and the shearing capacity of concrete beam-column elements. A detailed example is developed, in which all the components of the shear deformation are evaluated, and the simplification of the new method is analyzed in comparison with other more comprehensive methods in the elastic domain.
Non-planar granular 3D printing
Authors: Darweesh Barrak , Gutierrez Maria Paz , Schleicher Simon 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMost approaches to 3D printing at various scales are layer based, meaning they start with a 3D CAD model that is sliced into planar print paths to be translated to machine code. However, this approach entails a number of drawbacks, such as slow printing speeds, limited build volumes, allowable geometric properties, and material diversity. To overcome these limitations, the authors have developed a novel additive manufacturing process called Non-Planar Granular Printing (NGP). Compared to its layer-based counterpart, NGP enables non-planar 3D printing by selectively binding reusable granular particles to create free-form structures. In doing so, NGP leverages traditional powder-based additive manufacturing processes. However, instead of enclosing the extruded compounds within a three-axis layer-based system, NPG combines multi-axis robotic deposition capabilities with customizable build volume parameters, which drastically improves print speed, scalability and material versatility. The result is a process whose main advantage is to enable the rapid production of support-free and complex geometric forms using a wide range of materials in granular form. This paper introduces and analyzes a series of benchmark experiments conducted to demonstrate the practical workflow, general output capabilities, and volume-material limitations of the system. The research also lays a foundation of non-planar 3D extrusion that enables material transitions for functional gradience capabilities.
Mündliche Sprachkompetenz und deren Rolle für die Entwicklung der Leseverständnisfähigkeit bei Schülerinnen und Schülern mit Deutsch als Zweitsprache in der Grundschule
Authors: Bushati Bora , Krammer Georg , Dorner Magdalena , Schmölzer-Eibinger Sabine 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen mündlicher Sprachkompetenz und dem Leseverständnis auf der Wort- und Satzebene im Deutschen bei Kindern mit Deutsch als Zweitsprache (DaZ) in der Grundschule. Während bisherige Studien die Rolle des Wortschatzes und/oder morpho-syntaktischer Teilkompetenzen als isolierte Kompetenzen untersuchen, vergleicht dieser Beitrag drei Ebenen der Differenzierung der mündlichen Sprachkompetenz: (1) die mündliche Sprachkompetenz als Gesamtvariable, (2) ihre Teilkompetenzen (die diskurs-pragmatische, morpho-syntaktische und lexikalische Basisqualifikation) und (3) die Indikatoren der Teilkompetenzen. Dafür werden zu zwei Messzeitpunkten Daten zur mündlichen Sprachkompetenz und zum Leseverständnis auf der Wort- und Satzebene von Kindern (N = 148; 74 Schülerinnen und 67 Schüler) erhoben. Bisherige Befunde zeigen, dass die mündliche Sprachkompetenz relevant für die Entwicklung des Leseverständnisses ist. Eine Gliederung der mündlichen Sprachkompetenz in ihre Teilbereiche zeigt, dass nur die lexikalische Basisqualifikation als Teilkompetenz für das Leseverständnis relevant ist. Die Aufschlüsselung dieser Basisqualifikation in ihre Indikatoren wiederum zeigt, dass nur dem des Benennens eine Rolle als Prädiktor für die Entwicklung des Leseverständnisses zukommt.
Best Investments in Chronic, Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control in Low- and Lower–Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Watkins David , Ahmed Sali , Pickersgill Sarah 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe world remains off-track for the sustainable development goal (SDG) target 3.4, which calls for a one-third reduction in noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) mortality by 2030. This paper presents benefit–cost analyses of various NCD interventions in low-income (LICs) and lower–middle-income (LMCs) countries. We looked at 30 interventions recommended by the Disease Control Priorities Project, including six intersectoral policies (e.g., taxes) and 24 clinical services. We used a previously published model to estimate intervention costs and benefits through 2030, discounted at 8%. We focused on interventions with benefit–cost ratios (BCRs) > 15 and their contribution toward achieving the SDG target. We found that intersectoral policies often provided great value for money, with BCRs ranging from 40 (trans-fat bans) to 100 (tobacco excise taxes). However, seven clinical interventions (e.g., basic treatment of cardiovascular disease or breast cancer) also had BCRs > 15. The overall population impact of clinical interventions over the 2023–2030 period would be much higher than that of the intersectoral policies, which can take many years to reach their peak effects. Fully implementing the best-investment interventions would accelerate progress toward SDG 3.4 everywhere, but only one in 10 countries would achieve the target. This strategy would require an additional US$ 2.4 billion annually across all LICs and LMCs. We conclude that there are several cost-beneficial opportunities to tackle NCDs in LICs and LMCs. In countries with very limited resources, the best-investment interventions could begin to address the major NCD risk factors and build greater health system capacity, with benefits continuing to accrue beyond 2030.
Association of habitual intake of probiotic supplements and yogurt with characteristics of the gut microbiome in the multiethnic cohort adiposity phenotype study
Authors: Chai Weiwen , Maskarinec Gertraud , Lim Unhee , Boushey Carol J. , Wilkens Lynne R. , Setiawan V. Wendy , Le Marchand Loïc , Randolph Timothy W. , Jenkins Isaac C. , Lampe Johanna W. , Hullar Meredith A. J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Consumption of probiotics and/or yogurt could be a solution for restoring the balance of the gut microbiota. This study examined associations of regular intake of probiotic supplements or yogurt with the gut microbiota among a diverse population of older adults (N=1,861; 60–72 years). Faecal microbial composition was obtained from 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V1–V3 region). General linear models were used to estimate the associations of probiotic supplement or yogurt intake with microbiome measures adjusting for covariates. Compared to non-yogurt consumers (N=1,023), regular yogurt consumers (≥once/week, N=818) had greater Streptococcus (β=0.29, P=0.0003) and lower Odoribacter (β=−0.33, P<0.0001) abundance. The directions of the above associations were consistent across the five ethnic groups but stronger among Japanese Americans (Streptococcus: β=0.56, P=0.0009; Odoribacter: β=−0.62, P=0.0005). Regular intake of probiotic supplements (N=175) was not associated with microbial characteristics (i.e., alpha diversity and the abundance of 152 bacteria genera). Streptococcus is one of the predominant bacteria genera in yogurt products, which may explain the positive association between yogurt consumption and Streptococcus abundance. Our analyses suggest that changes in Odoribacter were independent of changes in Streptococcus abundance. Future studies may investigate whether these microbial genera and their sub-level species mediate potential pathways between yogurt consumption and health.
The Sociality of Madness: Hegel on Spirit's Pathology and the Sanity of Ethicality
Authors: Gregson William 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDespite a profound concern for the epistemological, ontological and ethical conditions for being-at-home-in-the-world, G.W.F. Hegel published very little on a particularly serious threat to being-at-home: mental illness and disorder. The chief exception is found in Hegel'sEncyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences(1830). In this work, Hegel briefly provides an ontology of madness (Verrücktheit), wherein madness consists in the inward collapsing of subjectivity and objectivity into the individual's unconscious and primordial feeling soul. While there has been an increasing number of studies on Hegel's conception of madness, I propose that there is another overlooked way to understand madness in Hegel's system: as social pathology. I argue in this article that Hegel offers a compelling social account of madness in thePhenomenology of Spirit(1807), which arises at the elevated, self-reflective and community level of spirit. This sociality of madness, as I call it, occurs when spirit is unable to reconcile two contradictory yet equally essential aspects of its reality, resulting in spirit's structural homelessness. I argue that by examining this overlooked sociality of madness, we may read Hegel's political-philosophical project in a new light: on the one hand, the ethical life (Sittlichkeit) presented in thePhilosophy of Right(1821) becomes understood as a political therapeutic. On the other hand, if the ethical life fails to live up to the demand of being an adequate spiritual therapeutic, then the traditional reading of thePhilosophy of Rightas a reconciliatory hermeneutic becomes problematized, opening up new avenues for the proliferation of social pathology.
From rags to riches? An illusory semantic change in ancient Greek
Authors: Alonso Déniz Alcorac , Méndez Dosuna Julián V. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe rare word λάκος occurs in an oracular enquiry from Dodona. Although it is likely to mean ‘a (bundle) of rags’, some scholars believe that the consultation concerns the theft of a garment in good condition. However, the evidence for a semantic change ‘tatters’ > ‘garment’ or vice versa in ancient Greek is weak. In this paper, we assess the evidence of some nouns (Aeolic βράκος and poetic λαῖφος, λαίφη, σπϵῖρον) that allegedly combine the meanings ‘(bundle of) tatters, rags’ and ‘piece of clothing, garment’. Drawing from the evidence provided by papyri and inscriptions, we propose two alternative hypotheses for λάκος in the Dodonaean enquiry: it may refer either to a ragged garment kept as an offering in a temple or to some tattered cloth used for wrapping various valuable items.
Projections of the minimal nilpotent orbit in a simple Lie algebra and secant varieties
Authors: PANYUSHEV DMITRI 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLet G be a simple algebraic group with
${\mathfrak g}={\textrm{Lie }} G$
and
${\mathcal O}_{\textsf{min}}\subset{\mathfrak g}$
the minimal nilpotent orbit. For a
${\mathbb Z}_2$
-grading
${\mathfrak g}={\mathfrak g}_0\oplus{\mathfrak g}_1$
, let
$G_0$
be a connected subgroup of G with
${\textrm{Lie }} G_0={\mathfrak g}_0$
. We study the
$G_0$
-equivariant projections
$\varphi\,:\,\overline{{\mathcal O}_{\textsf{min}}}\to {\mathfrak g}_0$
and
$\psi:\overline{{\mathcal O}_{\textsf{min}}}\to{\mathfrak g}_1$
. It is shown that the properties of
$\overline{\varphi({\mathcal O}_{\textsf{min}})}$
and
$\overline{\psi({\mathcal O}_{\textsf{min}})}$
essentially depend on whether the intersection
${\mathcal O}_{\textsf{min}}\cap{\mathfrak g}_1$
is empty or not. If
${\mathcal O}_{\textsf{min}}\cap{\mathfrak g}_1\ne\varnothing$
, then both
$\overline{\varphi({\mathcal O}_{\textsf{min}})}$
and
$\overline{\psi({\mathcal O}_{\textsf{min}})}$
contain a 1-parameter family of closed
$G_0$
-orbits, while if
${\mathcal O}_{\textsf{min}}\cap{\mathfrak g}_1=\varnothing$
, then both are
$G_0$
-prehomogeneous. We prove that
$\overline{G{\cdot}\varphi({\mathcal O}_{\textsf{min}})}=\overline{G{\cdot}\psi({\mathcal O}_{\textsf{min}})}$
. Moreover, if
${\mathcal O}_{\textsf{min}}\cap{\mathfrak g}_1\ne\varnothing$
, then this common variety is the affine cone over the secant variety of
${\mathbb P}({\mathcal O}_{\textsf{min}})\subset{\mathbb P}({\mathfrak g})$
. As a digression, we obtain some invariant-theoretic results on the affine cone over the secant variety of the minimal orbit in an arbitrary simple G-module. In conclusion, we discuss more general projections that are related to either arbitrary reductive subalgebras of
${\mathfrak g}$
in place of
${\mathfrak g}_0$
or spherical nilpotent G-orbits in place of
${\mathcal O}_{\textsf{min}}$
.
Courts and Constitutions in South Asia and the Global South: A View from the Middle East
Authors: Ahmed Faiz 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNot long ago, the study of comparative law in U.S. law schools was dominated by North American and European constitutional systems. Thanks to the contributions of a new generation of legal historians, including those canvassed in this special issue, the landscape is changing. In this special issue, scholars of courts and constitutions in twentieth century Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Burma, India, and Nepal have come together to share novel sources, perspectives, and analyses of significant constitutional experiments in the Global South, specifically twentieth century South Asia. This afterword reflects on these important scholarly contributions by highlighting common threads and divergences in the case studies presented in this volume—from the perspective of a legal historian of the late Ottoman Empire and modern Middle East. Ultimately, the author concludes that the articles in this special issue persuasively stamp modern South Asian legal history “on the map” not only for specialists of this large and populous region, but for students and scholars of comparative constitutionalism and global legal history more broadly.
Corporate hierarchies and workplace voice
Authors: Belloc Filippo , Burdin Gabriel , Landini Fabio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe investigate whether workplace voice through institutionalized forms of employee representation (ER) affects the design of firm hierarchies. We look at the role of ER within a knowledge-based view of hierarchies, where the firm's choice of hierarchical layers depends on the trade-off between communication and knowledge acquisition costs. Using a sample of more than 20,000 private-sector firms in 32 countries, we find that the presence of ER is positively associated with the number of organizational layers, though the relationship is tempered by firm size. ER positively correlates with job training, skill development and enhanced internal communication via staff meetings. The analysis of managers' perceptions suggests the higher frequency of meetings in firms with ER does not lead to more delays in the implementation of organizational changes. Taken together, our findings point to ER as facilitating the flow of information to top decision-makers and hence reducing communication costs. This may enable the firm to economize scarce cognitive resources without retarding the accumulation of new shop-floor capabilities. We contribute to recent literature on organizational design by suggesting ER institutions as possibly relaxing the trade-off between communication and knowledge acquisition costs within firms.
Small-size multiband printed monopole antenna for wireless applications
Authors: Mishra Pranjalee , Kulat Kishor D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA small-size multiband antenna with 14 bands is presented in this paper for wireless applications. The studied antenna mainly consists of a folded monopole antenna and an M-shaped structure. Furthermore, the antenna has a simple design with a compact dimension of 26.8 × 10.8 mm2. The studied antenna is printed on FR4 substrate with a depth of 0.8 mm and fed by a coaxial cable. The −10 dB bandwidths measured are 210 MHz (1200–1410 MHz), 100 MHz (2200–2300 MHz), 193 MHz (3000–3193 MHz), 180 MHz (3330–3510 MHz), 390 MHz (4110–4500 MHz), 4971 MHz, 577 MHz (5300–5877 MHz), and 700 MHz (7100–7800 MHz), which can cover 3G/4G/5G/Wi-Fi/WiMAX, C, and S bands. The gain and efficiency of the presented antenna are 1.3–4.00 dBi and 46%–60.2%, respectively.
Evidence of Strain Accumulation and Coupling Variation in the Himachal Region of NW Himalaya From Short Term Geodetic Measurements
Authors: Kumar Prabhat , Malik Javed N. , Gahalaut Vineet K. , Yadav Rajeev K. , Singh Gurvinder 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHimachal region of Northwest Himalaya exhibits the widest structural re‐entrant in Kangra region and significant strain partitioning along the frontal and hinterland out‐of‐sequence faults. We report results of continuous GPS measurements from 10 new sites in the region and analyze them along with the previously published results to constrain the ongoing arc‐normal and arc‐parallel convergence rates at 16.5 ± 1.1 and 4–5 mm/yr respectively. Thus, the ongoing convergence is oblique by 15°–20°. The Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) is strongly coupled up to ∼100 km from the Main Frontal Thrust but displays significant variation in coupling in the transition zone across the Kangra re‐entrant and the adjoining western salient. Joint analysis of the coupling variation, the geologically inferred MHT geometry variations and the local topographic anomaly pattern strongly suggest the possibility of a potentially active, strain accumulating segment of MBT along the southern margin of Dhauladhar ranges in Western Himachal region, which is also proposed to be influencing the long‐term topographic growth in the region. Although a general agreement is observed between the long‐term shortening rates along the active faults and the estimated geodetic convergence in this region, the ensuing discussion highlights their complex relationship in terms of temporal and spatial variability in the fault activity and elastic‐inelastic deformation. We use the fault orientation and the estimated convergence rate to geometrically constrain a mean dextral slip‐rate of 4.4–5.7 mm/yr along a recently discovered Khetpurali‐Taksal fault, which is proposed to partition the majority of ongoing arc‐parallel deformation along it.
Information‐Theoretic Scores for Bayesian Model Selection and Similarity Analysis: Concept and Application to a Groundwater Problem
Authors: Morales Oreamuno Maria Fernanda , Oladyshkin Sergey , Nowak Wolfgang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBayesian model selection (BMS) and Bayesian model justifiability analysis (BMJ) provide a statistically rigorous framework for comparing competing models through the use of Bayesian model evidence (BME). However, a BME‐based analysis has two main limitations: (a) it does not account for a model's posterior predictive performance after using the data for calibration and (b) it leads to biased results when comparing models that use different subsets of the observations for calibration. To address these limitations, we propose augmenting BMS and BMJ analyses with additional information‐theoretic measures: expected log‐predictive density (ELPD), relative entropy (RE) and information entropy (IE). Exploring the connection between Bayesian inference and information theory, we explicitly link BME and ELPD together with RE and IE to highlight the information flow in BMS and BMJ analyses. We show how to compute and interpret these scores alongside BME, and apply the framework to a controlled 2D groundwater setup featuring five models, one of which uses a subset of the data for calibration. Our results show how the information‐theoretic scores complement BME by providing a more complete picture concerning the Bayesian updating process. Additionally, we demonstrate how both RE and IE can be used to objectively compare models that feature different data sets for calibration. Overall, the introduced Bayesian information‐theoretic framework can lead to a better‐informed decision by incorporating a model's post‐calibration predictive performance, by allowing to work with different subsets of the data and by considering the usefulness of the data in the Bayesian updating process.
Interaction Between Tectonics and Climate Encoded in the Planform Geometry of Stream Networks on the Eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Minhui , Seybold Hansjörg , Wu Baosheng , Chen Yi , Kirchner James W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStream networks are highly abundant across Earth's surface, reflecting the tectonic and climatic history under which they have developed. Recent studies suggest that branching angles are strongly correlated with climatic aridity. However, the impact of tectonic forcing, especially in tectonically active regions, remains ambiguous. Here we analyze branching angles between headwater channels of the major river networks on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, a region with complex tectonics, variable climate, and diverse landscapes. We find that spatial variations in tectonic uplift (as reflected in channel gradients) shape the branching geometry of stream networks on the steep eastern margin, while in the flat interior of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, branching angles are mainly controlled by climatic aridity. This leads to the conclusion that, in the steep margin of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, climatic impacts on branching angles are overprinted by stronger tectonic controls.
Long-term aspartame and saccharin intakes are related to greater volumes of visceral, intermuscular, and subcutaneous adipose tissue: the CARDIA study
Authors: Steffen Brian T. , Jacobs David R. , Yi So-Yun , Lees Simon J. , Shikany James M. , Terry James G. , Lewis Cora E. , Carr John J. , Zhou Xia , Steffen Lyn M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Artificial sweetener (ArtSw) intakes have been previously associated with higher BMI in observational studies and may promote visceral and skeletal muscle adipose tissue (AT) accumulation. This study aimed to determine whether habitual, long-term ArtSw or diet beverage intakes are related to greater AT depot volumes and anthropometry-related outcomes.

Methods
A validated diet history questionnaire was administered at baseline, year 7, and year 20 examinations in 3088 men and women enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults cohort (CARDIA), mean age of 25.2 years and mean BMI of 24.5 kg/m2 at baseline. Volumes of visceral (VAT), intermuscular (IMAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were assessed by computed tomography at year 25. Linear regression evaluated associations of aspartame, saccharin, sucralose, total ArtSw, and diet beverage intakes with AT volumes, anthropometric measures, and 25-year change in anthropometry. Cox regression estimated associations of ArtSw with obesity incidence. Adjustments were made for demographic and lifestyle factors, total energy intake, and the 2015 healthy eating index.

Results
Total ArtSw, aspartame, saccharin, and diet beverage intakes were positively associated with VAT, SAT, and IMAT volumes (all ptrend ≤ 0.001), but no associations were observed for sucralose intake (all ptrend > 0.05). In addition, total ArtSw, saccharin, aspartame, and diet beverage intakes were associated with greater body mass index, body weight, waist circumference, and their increases over a 25-year period. Except for saccharin (ptrend = 0.13), ArtSw, including diet soda, was associated with greater risks of incident obesity over a median 17.5-year follow-up (all ptrend < 0.05).

Conclusions
Results suggest that long-term intakes of aspartame, saccharin, or diet soda may increase AT deposition and risk of incident obesity independent of diet quality or caloric intake. Coupled with previous evidence, alternatives to national recommendations to replace added sugar with ArtSw should be considered since both may have health consequences.