bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lexical decision tasks in depressive patients: semantic priming before and after clinical improvement
Authors: Besche-Richard C. , Passerieux C. , Hardy-Baylé M.-C. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThis study was designed to evaluate the effect of semantic priming with a lexical decision task in 22 depressed patients (DSM-III-R, 1987) and 30 control subjects. These patients were evaluated twice: first when they arrived at the hospital, and secondly, after clinical improvement. Clinical improvement was evaluated using standard depression rating scales. A lexical decision task involving semantic relations (related vs. unrelated, e.g., apple-pear) was used to evaluate the processing of semantic information. The results showed that, for the first evaluation, the depressives presented similar semantic priming to control subjects. When we compared semantic priming in the first and the second passes, we observed that its amplitude was identical. The sole difference between the two passes concerns the global reaction time in the depressive group. This last result suggested that, with clinical improvement, the characteristic psychomotor retardation declines. One of the major results concerns the fact that severe depressive patients (first pass) exhibit normal semantic priming in a lexical decision task. These results indicate, in this clinical population, the preservation of controlled processes implicated in this lexical decision task.
Influence of Water‐Miscible Aprotic Solvents on α‐Chymotrypsin Stability
Authors: Lozano Pedro , de Diego Teresa , Iborra José L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe influence of five different water‐miscible aprotic solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, acetone, and tetrahydrofuran) on the stability of immobilized α‐chymotrypsin adsorbed onto Celite, has been studied. In all cases, α‐chymotrypsin exhibited non‐first‐order deactivation kinetics, which were adequately analyzed by a two‐step series‐type deactivation model. The main effects of solvents were observed in the first‐step of the kinetic mechanism. The most hydrophilic solvent (DMSO) enhanced greatly the enzyme stability, while the increase in solvent hydrophobicity determines a loss in their protective effect. For the most assayed hydrophobic solvent (THF) a denaturative effect was always showed. These facts were also observed from the analysis of the evolution of the half‐live of the enzyme, as a function of the solvent concentrations and the water distribution between both the macro‐ and microenvironment of the enzyme.
Effect of Cell Morphology on Dead‐End Filtration of the Dimorphic Yeast Kluyveromycesmarxianus Var. marxianus NRRLy2415
Authors: McCarthy Anthony A. , O'Shea Donal G. , Murray Niamh T. , Walsh Padraig K. , Foley Greg 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe dead‐end filtration characteristics of the dimorphic yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus (formerly fragilis) NRRLy2415 were investigated for a range of mean cell morphologies, ranging from predominantly yeast‐like to predominantly filamentous. Semiautomated image analysis was used to measure the mean cell specific surface area, Sv, and the mean ratio of cell length to equivalent cylindrical diameter, Ldm, in each broth. The method of Ju and Ho (Biotechnol. Bioeng. 1988, 32, 95–99) was used to show that for broths with Ldm values between 1.72 and 10.03, the voidage of cell pellets formed by centrifugation increased with increasing Ldm. In the pressure range 30–180 kPa, the specific filter cake resistance, α, was found to be related to pressure, ΔP, through the equation α = α0(1 + kcΔP) . The dependence of α0/Sv2 on Ldm was found to be qualitatively consistent with the pellet voidage data and the Carman−Kozeny equation. Considerably better agreement with the experimental data was obtained when the Kozeny constant, K, was treated as variable and related to Ldm through the equation K = 4.83 + 7.08 log10 Ldm. The cake compressibility constant, kc, was found to increase with increasing Ldm, a phenomenon consistent with the wide range of voidages that can be displayed by beds of long cylinders.
Four‐dimensional factor analysis of confocal image sequences (4D‐FAMIS) to detect and characterize low copy numbers of human papillomavirus DNA by FISH in HeLa and SiHa cells
Authors: KAHN E. , LIZARD G. , PÉLÉGRINI M. , FROUIN F. , ROIGNOT P. , CHARDONNET Y. , DI PAOLA R. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryVisualization and localization of specific DNA sequences were performed by fluorescence in situ hybridization, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and four‐dimensional factor analysis of biomedical image sequences (4D‐FAMIS). HeLa and SiHa cells containing, respectively 20–50 and 1–2 copies per cell of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA type 18 and 16 integrated in cellular DNA were used as models. HPV‐DNA was identified using DNA probes containing the whole genome of HPV‐DNA type 18 or 16, and DNA–DNA hybrids were revealed by alkaline phosphatase and Fast Red. Cell nuclei were counterstained with thiazole orange (TO) or TOTO‐iodide. 4D image sequences were obtained using successive dynamic or spectral sequences of images on different optical sections from CLSM. The location of fluorescent signals within the preparations was determined by FAMIS. This original method summarizes image sequences into a reduced number of images called factor images, and curves called factors. Factors estimate different individual physical behaviours in the sequence such as extinction velocity, spectral patterns and depth emission profiles. Factor images correspond to spatial distributions of the different factors. We distinguished between Fast Red and nucleus stainings in HPV‐DNA hybridization signals by taking into account differences in their extinction velocities (fluorescence decay rate) or spectral patterns, and in their focus (depth emission profiles). In HeLa cells, factor images showed that Fast‐Red‐stained targets could be distinguished from nucleus stainings, and were located on different focal planes of the nuclei. In SiHa cells, 4D‐FAMIS determined as few as 1–2 copies per cell of HPV‐DNA type 16 located in continuous focal planes. Therefore, 4D‐FAMIS, together with CLSM, made the detection and characterization of low copy numbers of genes in whole cells possible.
JOINT‐PRESERVING OPERATION FOR OSTEOARTHROSIS OF THE HIP IN ADULT CEREBRAL PALSY
Authors: Nishioka Eiji , Momota Kou , Shiba Naoto , Higuchi Fujio , Inoue Akio 
Published: July 2002

Background: A joint‐preserving operation was performed on 15 hips with osteoarthrosis, involving 12 patients who had adult cerebral palsy. Methods: Eleven hips underwent Chiari pelvic osteotomy only; three hips underwent Chiari pelvic osteotomy with femoral osteotomy and the other one hip underwent femoral varus osteotomy only. The mean follow‐up period after surgery was 6 years and 2 months (with follow‐up range of 2 years and 3 months to 10 years and 6 months). Results: Good results were achieved in 13 of the 15 hips (86.6%). Two patients with athetotic tetraplegia treated with Chiari pelvic osteotomy had pelvic obliquity. Progressive osteoarthrotic change continued in bilateral hips in one case treated with Chiari pelvic osteotomy. Conclusion: We confirm that usual treatment for osteoarthrosis of the hip was also applicable for osteoarthrosis of the hip in cases of adult cerebral palsy, provided sufficient attention is given to the complications accompanying spastic paralysis.
Are babies of normal birth weight who fail to reach their growth potential as diagnosed by ultrasound at increased risk?
Authors: Stratton J. F. , Ni Scanaill S. , Stuart B. , Turner M. J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to identify, by means of two third‐ trimester scans, fetuses with ultrasound evidence of inadequate growth but who were born with birth weights above the 10th centile for gestational age; and to determine if these infants constitute a high‐risk group by comparing the incidence of obstetric intervention, of intrapartum complications and of neonatal morbidity between this group and the group of infants who showed no ultrasound evidence of intrauterine growth restraint.A total of 285 women with singleton pregnancies who were referred for a third‐trimester ultrasound examination were included in this prospective study. Fetal weight was estimated by ultrasound twice in the third trimester and at each examination was assigned a centile score. A fall of > 20 centiles was taken as evidence of inadequate growth. The outcomes measured were the incidence of abnormal umbilical artery Doppler, induction of labor, meconium‐staining of the liquor, intrapartum fetal blood sampling, operative vaginal delivery, Cesarean section, Apgar score of < 7 at 5 min and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit.Seventy‐five patients showed a drop of > 20 centiles between the first and second scans. The incidence of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit was greater in those infants who had ultrasound evidence of growth restraint.We conclude that infants of normal birth weight with inadequate growth diagnosed on ultrasound are not at increased risk, they have an increased incidence of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, and they are more commonly found in mothers with diabetes mellitus. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Repeatability of measurements of interpupillary distance
Authors: Holland Belinda J. , Siderov John 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine inter‐ and intra‐examiner repeatability of measurements of interpupillary distance (IPD). Three methods were used: Viktorin’s, corneal reflection, and pupillometer. In Experiment 1, an experienced optometrist measured IPD on forty‐nine subjects, on two occasions, using each method. In Experiment 2, thirty‐five optometrists measured the IPD of one subject, on one occasion only, using the same three methods. The results of Experiment 1 showed that measurements of IPD differed depending on the method used, although the differences were small. The 95% limits of agreement were largest with Viktorin’s method and least with the pupillometer. The results of Experiment 2 also revealed a small difference in IPD between the three methods of measurement. As in Experiment 1, the 95% limits of agreement were greatest with Viktorin’s method and least with the pupillometer. Small differences in IPD were found between Viktorin’s, corneal reflection and pupillometer methods of measurement. Not surprisingly, inter‐examiner repeatability was slightly poorer than intra‐examiner repeatability. However, the differences were small enough not to be clinically significant for the majority of patients.
The dynamics of cytokine d nitric oxide secretion in mice injected with Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom
Authors: Petricevich Vera L. , Peña Carlos F. 
Published: July 2002

Aims: The effects of Tityus serrulatus venom (TSV) were analysed with respect to the susceptibility of four isogenic mouse, the symptoms following injection of venom and the inflammatory mediators in an experimental model of severe envenomation induced in mice.Methods: The susceptibility was analysed by lethal dose (LD50) determination, including the symptoms observed during envenomating and glucose levels. The detection of cytokines in serum from mice were analysed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and nitric oxide (NO) was analysed using nitrite determination.Results: The estimated LD50 values were in micrograms per 100 microliters, and the susceptibility of mice to TSV varies with: (a) mouse strain and route of injection (A/J < BALB/c < C57Bl/6 = DBA); (b) mouse strain and sex (A/J female and male < BALB/c female and male); and (c) body weight (all groups of A/J < BALB/c groups).Among the mouse strains studied, BALB/c mice presented moderate sensibility to TSV, with changes in specific signs and serum levels of glucose, several cytokines and NO, when injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 1 LD50 of venom. Sweating, salivation and tremor were the specific signs that preceded death. The maximum levels of glucose in sera from mice injected i.p. with 1 LD50 of TSV were observed 60‐90 min post‐injection. Significant differences were observed in the time‐course of cytokine levels, and the venom induced marked elevations of interleukin (IL)‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10 and interferon gamma (IFN‐γ). The maximum levels of IL‐1α and IL‐1β were observed 2 h post‐injection. The more pronounced levels of IL‐6 were observed 4 h post‐injection. There was an early increase in IFN‐γ followed by an even higher level after 4 h. IL‐10 levels peaked between 6 and 8 h, and this cytokine probably modulates the secretion of IFN‐γ. Tumor necrosis factor release was not detected in BALB/c mice injected with TSV. NO levels attained maximal release after 2 h, following venom injection, while a second peak for NO was at 6 h.Conclusions: These findings indicate that the susceptibility to the systemic effects of the venom varies among mice of different haplotypes, and that the cytokines such as IL‐1, IL‐6, IFN‐γ and NO are strongly involved in the pathogenesis caused by this venom and are correlated with the severity of envenomation.
Disease Incidence and Results of Extremity Lesion Treatment: Mersey Region Soft Tissue Sarcomas (1975–1985)
Authors: Jane Michael J. , Hughes Peter J. 
Published: July 2002

Purpose. The incidence and treatment results of extremity soft tissue sarcoma (STS) in the Mersey Region, in the absence of a Multi‐Disciplinary Unit, for the period 1975–1985, have been analysed.Subjects and methods. Data from cases presenting with STS within the Mersey region, from 1 January 1975 until 31 December 1985, were reviewed. Only patients with sarcoma of head and neck, thoracic wall, abdominal wall, retroperitoneum, limb girdle or extremity were included. Extremity lesions were staged according to the MTS system. Pathological data also were assigned a grade according to tumour differentiation, mitosis count and tumour necrosis. Data from
patients with a minimum follow‐up of 5 years were collated, and patterns of treatment failure were investigated. Finally, time to first occurrence was analysed.Results and Discussion. The incidence of STS in this study was identical to that reported by the US Department of Health in 1976. Five year survival rate for Stage I tumours was only 51.7% which compares very unfavourably with contemporary series from Multi‐Disciplinary Units. Five year survival rate following wide local excision ± adjuvant therapy is 52.4%, while that following amputation ± adjuvant therapy is 45.5%. While not attaining the results reported by other centres, limb‐sparing surgery does not appear to appreciably prejudice long‐term survival.Conclusions. STS are rare in the UK, leading to poor classification and suboptimal treatment of lesions. It is important to establish multidisciplinary teams of surgeons, radiologists, radiotherapists and oncologists to plan and organise multimodality therapy for STS.
Lipid Peroxidation and Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Diabetic Kidney: Effect of Treatment with Angiotensin Convertase Inhibitors
Authors: Kedziora‐Kornatowska K. Z. , Luciak M. , Paszkowski J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractEffects of the angiotensin convertase inhibitors captopril (CAP) and enalapril (ENA) on the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in the kidneys of rats with streptozotocin‐induced diabetes were studied. Induction of diabetes resulted in an increase of MDA concentration and progressive decreases of SOD and catalase activities after 6 and 12 weeks. CAP and ENA administration did not affect body weight changes or blood glucose and HbA contents in diabetic rats but decreased albuminuria and kidney weight increase, attenuated lipid peroxidation, and prevented the decreases in SOD and catalase activities. These results confirm the oxidative stress in streptozotocin‐induced experimental diabetes and point to the beneficial antioxidant effects of angiotensin convertase inhibitors.
In Vitro Self-Renewal Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Ema Hideo , Takano Hina , Sudo Kazuhiro , Nakauchi Hiromitsu 
Published: July 2002

Little is known about how hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) self-renew. We studied the regeneration of HSCs in culture. Effects of various cytokines on cell division of CD34−/low c-Kit+Sca-1+ lineage marker–negative (CD34−KSL) bone marrow cells of the mouse were first evaluated in serum-free single cell culture. We then performed a competitive repopulation assay on divided cells to ask if such cell division involved self-renewal of HSCs.
In the presence of stem cell factor (SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO) induced a first cell division of CD34−KSL cells more efficiently than did interleukin (IL)-3 or IL-6. Multilineage repopulating cells were detected in a significant proportion of cells derived from single cells in culture with TPO and SCF, although this culture condition led to a substantial decrease in HSC number. These regenerated repopulating cells could be further transplanted into secondary recipients. When paired daughter cells were separately studied, one of a pair gave rise to repopulating cells with self-renewal potential, suggesting asymmetric self-renewal division. This study provides evidence that one HSC regenerates at least one HSC in culture.
QU-GENE: a simulation platform for quantitative analysis of genetic models.
Authors: Podlich D W , Cooper M 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
MOTIVATION: Classical quantitative genetics theory makes a number of simplifying assumptions in order to develop mathematical expressions that describe the mean and variation (genetic and phenotypic) within and among populations, and to predict how these are expected to change under the influence of external forces. These assumptions are often necessary to render the development of many aspects of the theory mathematically tractable. The availability of high-speed computers today provides opportunity for the use of computer simulation methodology to investigate the implications of relaxing many of the assumptions that are commonly made. RESULTS: QU-GENE (QUantitative-GENEtics) was developed as a flexible computer simulation platform for the quantitative analysis of genetic models. Three features of the QU-GENE software that contribute to its flexibility are (i) the core E(N:K) genetic model, where E is the number of types of environment, N is the number of genes, K indicates the level of epistasis and the parentheses indicate that different N:K genetic models can be nested within types of environments, (ii) the use of a two-stage architecture that separates the definition of the genetic model and genotype-environment system from the detail of the individual simulation experiments and (iii) the use of a series of interactive graphical windows that monitor the progress of the simulation experiments. The E(N:K) framework enables the generation of families of genetic models that incorporate the effects of genotype-by-environment (G x E) interactions and epistasis. By the design of appropriate application modules, many different simulation experiments can be conducted for any genotype-environment system. The structure of the QU-GENE simulation software is explained and demonstrated by way of two examples. The first concentrates on some aspects of the influence of G x E interactions on response to selection in plant breeding, and the second considers the influence of multiple-peak epistasis on the evolution of a four-gene epistatic network. AVAILABILITY: QU-GENE is available over the Internet at (http://pig.ag.uq.edu.au/qu-gene/) CONTACT: m.cooper@mailbox.uq.edu. au
Clustering gene expression data using a graph-theoretic
approach: an application of minimum spanning trees
Authors: Xu Ying , Olman Victor , Xu Dong 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Motivation: Gene expression data clustering provides a powerful tool for studying functional relationships of genes in a biological process. Identifying correlated expression patterns of genes represents the basic challenge in this clustering problem.
Results: This paper describes a new framework for representing a set of multi-dimensional gene expression data as a Minimum Spanning Tree (MST), a concept from the graph theory. A key property of this representation is that each cluster of the expression data corresponds to one subtree of the MST, which rigorously converts a multi-dimensional clustering problem to a tree partitioning problem. We have demonstrated that though the inter-data relationship is greatly simplified in the MST representation, no essential information is lost for the purpose of clustering. Two key advantages in representing a set of multi-dimensional data as an MST are: (1) the simple structure of a tree facilitates efficient implementations of rigorous clustering algorithms, which otherwise are highly computationally challenging; and (2) as an MST-based clustering does not depend on detailed geometric shape of a cluster, it can overcome many of the problems faced by classical clustering algorithms. Based on the MST representation, we have developed a number of rigorous and efficient clustering algorithms, including two with guaranteed global optimality. We have implemented these algorithms as a computer software EXpression data Clustering Analysis and VisualizATiOn Resource (EXCAVATOR). To demonstrate its effectiveness, we have tested it on three data sets, i.e. expression data from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , expression data in response of human fibroblasts to serum, and Arabidopsis expression data in response to chitin elicitation. The test results are highly encouraging.
Availability: EXCAVATOR is available on request from the authors.
Contact: xyn@ornl.gov
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Backbone Engineering Enables Highly Efficient Polymer Hole‐Transporting Materials for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Xin , Gao Danpeng , Sun Xianglang , Zhang Shoufeng , Wang Qi , Li Bo , Li Zhen , Qin Minchao , Jiang Xiaofen , Zhang Chunlei , Li Zhuo , Lu Xinhui , Li Nan , Xiao Shuang , Zhong Xiaoyan , Yang Shangfeng , Li Zhong'an , Zhu Zonglong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe interface and crystallinity of perovskite films play a decisive role in determining the device performance, which is significantly influenced by the bottom hole‐transporting material (HTM) of inverted perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Herein, a simple design strategy of polymer HTMs is reported, which can modulate the wettability and promote the anchoring by introducing pyridine units into the polyarylamine backbone, so as to realize efficient and stable inverted PVSCs. The HTM properties can be effectively modified by varying the linkage sites of pyridine units, and 3,5‐linked PTAA‐P1 particularly demonstrates a more regulated molecular configuration for interacting with perovskites, leading to highly crystalline perovskite films with uniform back contact and reduced defect density. Dopant‐free PTAA‐P1‐based inverted PVSCs have realized remarkable efficiencies of 24.89% (certified value: 24.50%) for small‐area (0.08 cm2) as well as 23.12% for large‐area (1 cm2) devices. Moreover, the unencapsulated device maintains over 93% of its initial efficiency after 800 h of maximum power point tracking under simulated AM 1.5G illumination.