bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The singly charmed pentaquark molecular states via the QCD sum rules
Authors: Xin Qi , Yang Xiao-Song , Wang Zhi-Gang 
Published: August 2023

In this work, we systematically investigate the singly charmed pentaquark molecular states [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with the QCD sum rules by carrying out the operator product expansion up to the vacuum condensates of dimension 13 and taking fully account of the light-flavor [Formula: see text] breaking effects. The numerical results favor assigning the [Formula: see text] as the [Formula: see text] molecular state with the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], assigning the [Formula: see text] as the [Formula: see text] molecular state with the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], assigning the [Formula: see text] as the [Formula: see text] molecular state with the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and assigning the [Formula: see text] as the [Formula: see text] molecular state with the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Other potential molecule candidates are also predicted, which may be observed in future experiments. For example, we can search for the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] molecular states with the isospin [Formula: see text] in the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] mass spectrum, respectively, in the future, which could shed light on the nature of the [Formula: see text].
Directed Ramsey and anti-Ramsey schemes and the Flexible Atom Conjecture
Authors: Alm Jeremy F. , Levet Michael 
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we shed new light on the Flexible Atom Conjecture. We first give finite representation results for relation algebras [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Prior to our paper, only [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were known to be finitely representable. We accomplish this by generalizing the notion of a relation algebra generated by a Ramsey scheme to the directed (antisymmetric) setting, and then showing that each of these algebras embeds into a finite directed anti-Ramsey scheme. The notion of a directed anti-Ramsey scheme may be of independent interest. We complement our upper bounds with some lower bounds. Namely, we show that any square representation of [Formula: see text] requires at least 14 points, any square representation of [Formula: see text] requires at least 11 points, and any square representation of [Formula: see text] requires at least 12 points. Our technique adapts previous work of Alm et al. [Algebra Univ. (2022)], in that we examine the combinatorial structure induced by the flexible atom.
Local Self-attention-based Hybrid Multiple Instance Learning for Partial Spoof Speech Detection
Authors: Zhu Yupeng , Chen Yanxiang , Zhao Zuxing , Liu Xueliang , Guo Jinlin 
Published: August 2023

The development of speech synthesis technology has increased the attention toward the threat of spoofed speech. Although various high-performance spoofing countermeasures have been proposed in recent years, a particular scenario is overlooked: partially spoofed audio, where spoofed utterances may contain both spoofed and bona fide segments. Currently, the research on partially spoofed speech detection is lacking. The existing methods either train with partially spoofed speech at utterance level, resulting in gradient conflicting at the segment level, or directly train with segment level data, which requires segment labels that are difficult to obtain in practice. In this study, to better detect partially spoofed speech when only utterance labels are available, we formulate partially spoofed speech detection into a multiple instance learning (MIL) problem. The typical MIL uses a pooling layer to fuse patch scores as a whole, and we propose a hybrid MIL (H-MIL) framework based on max and log-sum-exp pooling methods, which can learn better segment representations to improve partially spoofed speech detection performance. Theoretical and experimental verification shows that H-MIL can effectively relieve the gradient conflicting and gradient vanishing problems. In addition, we analyze the local correlations between segments and introduce a local self-attention mechanism to enhance segment features, which further promotes the detection performance.
In our experiments, we provide not only detection results at the segment and utterance levels but also some detailed visualization analysis, including the effect of spoof ratio and cross-dataset detection. The experimental results demonstrate the effective detection performance of our method at both the utterance and segment levels, especially when dealing with low spoof ratio attacks. The results confirm that our approach can better deal with partially spoofed speech detection than previous methods.
African Religio-Cultural Heritage of ‘Charms and Amulets’
Authors: Esoh Felix Kang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article investigates the increase in the usage of ‘symbolic ritual wrist bands’ as symbols of power, protection, and healing in neo-Pentecostals seen as resonating with the religio-cultural practice of ritual bands in African primal religions. The study demonstrates that such practices indirectly satisfy the deep yearning of traditional communities who maintain a strong feeling of the versatility of symbolic ritual bands. The fact that most Africans remain deeply ingrained in their religio-cultural environment where it is believed that ritual bands attended to their spiritual and physical needs, the usage of symbolic wrist bands in most neo-Pentecostal churches is seen as bridging the gap created by missionary Christianity. This study employs the missio-cultural theory to explore the extent to which neo-Pentecostals are reconceptualising the idea of ritual wrist bands in the practice of African Christianity. It concludes that the neo-Pentecostal proliferation of wrist bands is relevant in the spiritual, psychological, social, cultural and theological missionising effort in Africa.
Study of antioxidant enzymes’ activity in reaction wood of poplar tree (Populus alba L.)
Authors: Masoumi Abasali , Pourtahmasi Kambiz , Maali Amiri Reza 
Published: August 2023

Summary
Studying biochemical variation in reaction wood is needed to understand the nature of reaction wood formation and the physiology of trees. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX)) was studied in normal wood (NW) and reaction wood (RW) (opposite wood (OW) and tension wood (TW)) in the bole of poplar trees (Populus alba L.). Four-year-old trees were induced to produce reaction wood by forced bending. The activity of antioxidant enzymes was studied with repeated sampling during a growing season. The results showed that total protein content and antioxidant enzymes are sensitive to mechanically induced stress. TW and OW showed higher activity of enzymes than NW as well as higher amounts of total protein. OW showed a higher concentration of CAT and SOD than TW. APX was more active than GPX in both TW and OW. In addition to mechanical stress, the effect of other climate factors was observed in the reactive oxygen species accumulation.
Inconsistency in Conceptual Metaphor Theory
Authors: Kertész András , Rákosi Csilla 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Although Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980) theory of conceptual metaphor has been extremely popular and successful, it has been criticized in many respects, one of which is its alleged inconsistency. This criticism presupposes that the principle of non-contradiction is the most important pillar of scientific theorizing because its violation turns the theory into logical chaos. Against this background, the paper asks: What kinds of inconsistencies emerge in conceptual metaphor theory and how should they be evaluated? In order to give an answer, the authors introduce Kertész and Rákosi’s (2019) [2012], (2022) p-model as a metatheoretical framework, with the help of which they analyse those arguments which charge conceptual metaphor theory with inconsistency. The authors conclude that if the dichotomy between inconsistency and consistency is replaced by the sophisticated distinctions among strong p-inconsistency, well-motivated permanent p-paraconsistency, temporary p-paraconsistency, and p-consistency, then the initial question can be answered in a straightforward manner.
Overhauling Collostructional Analysis: Towards More Descriptive Simplicity and More Explanatory Adequacy
Authors: Gries Stefan Th. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, I make two sets of suggestions of how collostructional analysis can be updated. One set of suggestions involves simplifying the analysis for descriptive/exploratory purposes while at the same time enriching it with bootstrapped confidence intervals. The other set of suggestions involves the idea that we should move away from a single kind of association measure for theoretical/exploratory purposes and instead quantify collostructional attraction as a tuple of, minimally, three ideally orthogonal dimensions, namely frequency, association, and dispersion, because only this kind of analysis will be able to address all the dimensions that are relevant to cognitive/usage-based approaches to constructions. In addition, I end with a (renewed) plea to take the notion of construction more seriously: Rather than looking at associations of constructions to forms, which many studies have basically amounted to, I would like us to ‘go back to’ looking at associations of constructions to constructions, i.e. to take the meaning/functional pole of constructions more seriously again and include sense/function in all kinds of collostructional analyses more.
Radial Representations of the Semantics of Reduplicative Constructions in Nigerian Pidgin (Naija)
Authors: Odiegwu Nancy Chiagolum 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to account for the functions of reduplication Nigerian Pidgin in a more comprehensive way than in previous work, by shifting the focus away from de-contextualized assignments of unitary meaning, and toward a full range of context-sensitive readings. The data for the study come from Wazobia fm radio programmes, as well as interviews and focus group discussions with native speakers of the language. Reduplication is attested in word classes such as ideophones, adverbs, numerals, adjectives, nouns, verbs and pronouns in Nigerian Pidgin. Using a version of the prototype theory elaborated by Lakoff and other Cognitive linguists, I represent the various readings of reduplicative constructions for each word class as radial categories, and show that both central and peripheral meanings are attested, and are indeed motivated by varying degrees of family resemblance.
What Does Rape Look Like?
Authors: Peterson Nora Martin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
From the late Middle Ages into the Renaissance, a handful of narratives about sexual assault dominated Western Europe. In the seventeen novellas of Marguerite de Navarre’s Heptaméron (1559) that feature assault or attempted assault, these different narratives coexist. To date, scholarship has not extensively explored the relationship between the novellas of the Heptaméron and the first two sets of engravings to accompany them—those of Dutch artist Romeyn de Hooghe, in 1698, and those of S. Freudenberger and A. Dunker, in 1780–1781. This article addresses that gap, and, by means of a comparative reading, considers different narratives about sexual assault in the novellas and frame of the Heptaméron alongside these first two sets of visual engravings. It argues that the engravings more closely follow other visual tropes of rape than they do the text. In so doing, these first images of the Heptaméron favor more canonical representations of sexual assault that either heroicize, eroticize, or blame the subject of rape. What is lost is the polyvalence of the text; in particular, moments that document the responses and reactions of the women in the novellas and the opinions they put forth in the frame.
Impossible Representations : Fantasy, Mimesis, and Heteroglossia in Louisiana French Fiction
Authors: Cooper R. Paul 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Modern Louisiana French fiction remains in scant supply. Modern Louisiana French fiction remains in scant supply, largely as a result of the dwindling number of French speakers. Even during the nineteenth century, French writers faced the same problems Louisiana French writers face today, how to model artistically a fading linguistic reality. This article argues that mimesis in Louisiana French fiction is impossible because there no longer exists a rich linguistic reality to use as a model. Despite this, Louisiana French fiction uses techniques from fantasy literature to bring that reality to life.
Translingualism and Histories of Violence in Francophone Algerian Writing
Authors: Hiddleston Jane 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article explores the complexity of translingualism in francophone Algerian writing and offers a close reading of Assia Djebar’s Vaste est la prison (1995) to demonstrate the variegated ways in which characters experience the interaction between languages in Algerian history. Drawing on thinkers such as Stefan Helgesson and Christina Kullberg, the article conceptualises ‘translingualism’ not so much as a sign of linguistic mastery, as has been the case in some earlier studies, but as a series of ‘events’ in which encounters between languages either blur or foreground boundaries in various ways at moments in texts where the history of Western imperialism and postcolonialism also play a role. This notion of events informs a reading of francophone Algerian writing, and in particular of Djebar, attentive to the subtle mingling and friction between languages as individuals use them in multiple and changing ways.
Interview: Faust in Three Languages, or How to Translate Goethe without Knowing German
Authors: Wanner Adrian , Astrakhan Vadim 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Vadim Astrakhan is a Russian immigrant to the United States who has made a name for himself as a translator and performer of songs by Soviet bard Vladimir Vysotsky. While his previous translations were all from Russian, Astrakhan’s latest project is an English verse rendition of Goethe’s Faust. Astrakhan does not know German. He begins by running Goethe’s original text through Google Translate. He then collates the result with various existing English-language versions of Faust as well as the canonical Russian verse translation by Boris Pasternak (published 1953), which was his main inspiration for putting Faust into rhymed English verse. Adrian Wanner, a professor of Russian and comparative literature at Penn State and a native speaker of German, discusses with Astrakhan what prompted him to translate Goethe’s tragedy. The conversation touches on Astrakhan’s use of English and Russian sources and his methodology and goals as a translator, including the crucial importance he ascribes to bringing to life the music and humor of Goethe’s original for a contemporary American theatrical audience.
Translanguaging, Word and Image, and the Danse Macabre
Authors: Léglu Catherine 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The late medieval Danse Macabre, a bilingual word-and-image tradition, may be understood through the theoretical lens of translanguaging. This article begins with an analysis of the visual reception of this tradition in a public art installation in Luxembourg City during the coronavirus pandemic, and is followed by the challenges of applying paratranslation to a page of the early printed Danse Macabre (1486). Returning to the earliest translations of the Danse, the article also examines evidence of untranslatability and tensions between three literary languages in the Catalan Dança de la Mort (c. 1490).
Clinical Efficacy Analysis of Functional Rhinoplasty Assisted by Nasal Endoscopy
Authors: Wang Lei , Han Yu’e , Li Long , Li Xiao , Yuan Ying 
Published: August 2023

Objective: To analyze the clinical effect of endoscopy-assisted functional rhinoplasty. Methods: Endoscopy-assisted functional rhinoplasty was performed in all patients. Deviated nasal septum was corrected, nasal septum cartilage graft was prepared through open access under the assistance of endoscopy, the nasal frame structure was adjusted with the endoscopy-assisted rhinoplasty combined with middle and inferior turbinoplasty, and the patient’s nasal ventilation function and external nose cosmetology were restored. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE), nasal acoustic reflex, and nasal resistance were examined preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE), nasal appearance deviation value, and morphological measurement of the external nose were used to assess the external nasal appearance. Finally, postoperative satisfaction was used for overall evaluation. Results: In terms of nasal ventilation evaluation, the VAS and NOSE scores of nasal obstruction decreased significantly at 6 months after the operation compared with that before the operation (1.96 ± 0.84 vs 6.68 ± 1.28, 4.25 ± 1.80 vs 12.25 ± 2.50; P < .05). Among the objective indexes, MCA1, MCA2 and NV5 were significantly increased whereas RT, MCA1a/MCA1b, MCA2a/MCA2b, MD1a/MD1b, and MD2a/MD2b were significantly decreased compared with those before the operation ( P < .05). The MD1 and MD2 levels before and after operation had no significant differences ( P > .05). In the evaluation of external nose morphology, postoperative ROE was significantly increased, and the deviation value of nasal appearance was significantly decreased [(16.93 ± 2.61 vs 10.64 ± 3.01), (1.46 ± 1.11 mm vs 5.72 ± 2.30 mm), P < .05]. In terms of postoperative patient satisfaction: 26 cases (92.9%) were very satisfied with nasal ventilation function, 2 cases (7.1%) were satisfied with nasal ventilation function, 24 cases (85.7%) were very satisfied with nasal appearance, and 4 cases (14.3%) were satisfied with nasal appearance. Conclusions: Nasal endoscopy-assisted functional rhinoplasty can improve the nasal ventilation function and external nasal morphology at the same time. Moreover, its clinical effect is good, and the patient satisfaction is high.
Changes in serum hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and erythropoietin in allergic rhinitis patients: Correlation with the Th inflammatory profile and disease comorbidities
Authors: Al-Rasheedi Abdullah N. , Almaeen Abdulrahman H. , Alotaibi Abdullah D. , Alruwaili Abdulaziz S. D , Alruwaili Sultan H. H. , Alruwaili Wadad M. A. , Alsakhry Aljoharah S. , Alruwaili Ghuyudh M. , ALkuwaykibi Hala M. , Alrawili Noof N. , Alabdullah Rahaf Z. , Alatwi Reem S. , Taher Ibrahim , El-Metwally Tarek H. 
Published: August 2023

Objectives The balance between proinflammatory IFN-γ Th1 vs. the anti-inflammatory allergy-mediating IL-4-heralded Th2 reactions is pivotal in IgE-mediated allergic rhinitis (AR). Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-1α is inducible by hypoxia and various cytokines. HIF-1α activates different anti-pathogen and allergic immune cells. This cross-sectional study assessed the changes in serum HIF-1α and its dependent erythropoietin (EPO) levels among hospital-characterized AR patients. Type of the immune reaction, Th1 vs. Th2, was stratified based on the calculated IL-4/IFN-γ direct ratio, after being measured using specific ELISA assays. Methods 147 AR patients (83 males/64 females), and age-, BMI-, and gender-matched 24 healthy controls (13 males/11 females) were sequentially enrolled at ENT Unit, Prince Muteb General Hospital, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia. Measurement of serum parameters was carried out using specific ELISA assays. Results Contrary to the majority of previous publications, all controls and the majority of patients ( n = 137/147) exhibited naive Th0 immune response. IFN-γ and HIF-1α levels were greater in controls than in patients (168.9 ± 173.9 vs 108 ± 94.5 pg/mL; p<.012) and controls had a lower IL-4/IFN-ratio (2.439 ± 0.897 vs 3.33 ± 1.19; p<.001) than patients. The HIF-1α results disagree with earlier studies. Due to the wide inter-individual variations, serum IL-4 and EPO levels in controls were non-significantly higher than patients. Lower IL-4 levels (267.3 ± 79.95 vs 353.4 ± 320.6 pg/mL; p < .01) and the ratio (2.814 ± 1.335 vs 3.431 ± 1.137; p < .05) were associated with obstructive sleep apnea. Lower ratio was also associated with inferior turbinate hypertrophy (3.051 ± 1.026 vs 3.787 ± 1.310; p < .001). EPO and IL-4 levels were lower in patients with deviated nasal septum (66.69 ± 26.81 vs 84.24 ± 61.5 pg/mL; p < .021; and 299.5 ± 137.3 vs 391.1 ± 52.780 pg/mL; p < .001, respectively). Significant correlations were found between the recorded levels and AR comorbidities. Conclusion These results confirmed a pathogenic implication for HIF-1α and IFN-γ in AR that warranted future bigger and longitudinal studies.
The U-Shaped Charitable-Giving Curve
Authors: Hargaden Enda P. , Duquette Nicolas J. 
Published: August 2023

Is charitable giving U-shaped in income? That is, do low- and high-income households donate a higher fraction of their income to charity than the middle class? Decades of correlational studies have found that the share of income given to charity follows a U-shape pattern in the United States, but scholars continue to debate whether the apparent U-shape is a statistical mirage, or accurately characterizes giving across the income distribution. We partnered with a real charity to conduct a charitable-giving experiment where relative endowments are revealed to participants. We experimentally verify that random placement in an income distribution causes a U-shaped giving-income curve. The U-shape observed in real-world data therefore is plausibly not spurious, but a real effect of relative economic status on giving decisions. JEL Classifications: C91, D31, D64, D91, H23
The design of electronically controlled pneumatic brake signal propagation mode for electronic control braking of a 30,000-ton heavy-haul train
Authors: Ma Qun , Yao Yuan , Meng Fanyu , Wei Wei 
Published: August 2023

This paper takes 30,000-ton heavy-haul trains as the research object, and studies the propagation characteristics, train braking ability and longitudinal impulse level of three ECP electronic control signal Propagation modes of segmented electro-pneumatic braking under different lag times. The difference between the train’s use of segmented electro-pneumatic braking and air braking in the long ramp operation method is compared. The results show that the best way is when the leading control locomotive sends the ECP signal backward and the slave control locomotive sends the ECP signal both forward and backward. Compared with the worst mode that only the leading control locomotive propagates the ECP signal backward, the coupler force can be reduced by 46.5%, the time difference between the slowest and fastest action vehicles can be reduced by 60.5%, and the emergency braking distance can be reduced by 1.2%. With the increase in the lag time of the slave control locomotive, the differences in the braking capacity and longitudinal impulse level of the three ECP electronic control signal propagation modes decrease. The effectiveness of the slave control locomotive’s ability to send ECP signals is closely related to the lag time of the leading and slave control locomotives. Compared with pure air braking, segmented electro-pneumatic braking can delay the braking times of the last two brakes by 32.6 s and 83.7 s,respectively, during the three-cycle braking, and the starting time of relief can be delayed by 12.7 s, 89.8 s and 16.9 s respectively, and the maximum coupler force can be reduced by 30.1%. The research work of this paper can provide reference for the formulation of electro-pneumatic braking scheme of 30,000-tons heavy-haul train.