bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification of compressive strength grades for lightweight aggregate concrete with palm oil fuel ash (POFA) using k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN)
Authors: Haron Mohamad Hushnie , Zamri Nur Azzimah Binti , Muthusamy Khairunisa 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Annually, a massive number of agricultural by-products of the palm oil extraction process including palm oil fuel ash (POFA) were generated which contributes towards ammonia pollution and emission of nitrogen compounds. Fortunately, both by-products can be utilised as mixing additives in lightweight aggregate concrete manufacturing. The utilisation leads to a more sustainable green environment. Traditional methods for classifying concrete grades in civil engineering are difficult due to the non-linear relationship between the composition of concrete and its strength and require a significant amount of time, material resources, and labour. To address these shortcomings, a technique to classify the compressive strength grades for lightweight aggregate concrete containing POFA using a machine learning algorithm has been developed. In terms of method, concrete mixtures consisting of POFA, cement, sand, superplasticizer and water were prepared and tested to determine the compressive strength. The data from this process were first transformed using min-max normalization and then, analysed using exploratory and descriptive analysis to discover patterns between input variables and concrete grades. Next, the grades of concrete were classified using a machine learning algorithm named k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN). Lastly, a confusion matrix was used to assess the performance of the k-NN classifier. The results showed that k-NN can classify the grades of concrete with accuracies between 71% and 95% using five nearest neighbours. The accuracies are inversely proportional to the number of nearest neighbours. To conclude, the study succeeds in classifying the compressive strength grades for lightweight aggregate concrete with POFA using k-Nearest Neighbour. It can cut down a significant amount of time, material resources, and labour in determining the grades of compressive strength for POFA-based lightweight concrete.
The Contractors’ Perception on the Development of Green Building Projects in Penang
Authors: Rahim Nur Soleha Abdul , Rahman Balqish Abdul , Ibrahim Fazdliel Aswad , Ishak Nurfadzillah , Ayob Afizah 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A strategy to lessen the substantial effects of the building development on the environment, society, and economy is green construction. However, despite the positive effects of green buildings on society, numerous market hurdles prevent the growth of green buildings, particularly in Malaysia. This happens because of the lack of awareness regarding the development of green buildings. Therefore, this study aims to explore the contractor perception of the development of green building projects in Penang. A set of questionnaire survey was distributed among eighty-three (83) contractors representing construction organizations in Penang. The analysis showed that the contractors mostly agreed with the benefits of green building, indicating that the respondents are aware of green building. The results shows that financial factor with mean value of 4.66 is the main factor hampering the development of green buildings, followed by law and regulation factor (x̄ = 4.60) and quality factor (x̄ = 4.54). Besides, most of the respondents also agreed that improving the professional knowledge among contractors (x̄ = 4.70) will encourage the development of green buildings. Immediate action should be taken on the strategy either from their sides or from other authorities. Overall, this research provides insight into the perception of the development of green building projects among contractors, which can increase awareness on green building and contributing to a better environment.
Bioretention System as a Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs): A Case Study in Malaysia
Authors: Azizan Nor Ariza , Goh Hui Weng , Faudzi Liyana Mohd , Juiani Siti Fairuz , Kiat Chang Chun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Bioretention systems, such as rain gardens, are landscaped depressions that treat on-site stormwater discharge from impervious surfaces such as roofs, driveways, sidewalks, parking lots and compacted lawns. They are used to collect stormwater and filter it through a mixture of soil, sand and/or gravel. In this study, a pilot-scale bioretention system has been constructed in Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang. This bioretention system will be used as a stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs) to solve water quality issues in tropical climates, particularly Malaysia. This study consists of two bioretention pilot sites, a vegetated site with tropical plants, such as Red Hot Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), Amaryllis (Hippeastrum), Singapore Daisy (Sphagneticola trilobata), Lobster claw (Heliconia rostrata), Alternanthera (Alternanthera cultivar) and a non-vegetated control site. The study investigated the pollutant removal efficiency between two pilot sites in treating polluted runoff. The site uptake from the polluted runoff will be observed by testing the effluent with TSS, TN and TP test for three weeks at 30 mins, 2 hours, 4 hours and 8 hours after the runoff being released. The results showed pollutant removal efficiency for TSS (76 %), TN (78 %), and TP (71 %) for the vegetated site, which is slightly better compared to control site (TSS (75 %), TN (76 %) and TP (54 %)). This study concluded that the vegetated site has slightly better performance on nutrient removal efficiency.
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for Environmental Screening of Solar Photovoltaic Utilities in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
Authors: Ismail Siti Isma Hani , Sinnakaudan Shanker Kumar , Seng Loh Yong , Zakaria Zulfairul , Tutur Nuraini 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Large-scale solar photovoltaic (LSSPV) farming activities have increased the global popularity of solar energy installations as one of the highest absolute generation growth rates of all renewable technologies. With higher gas and coal prices and rising carbon prices, have resulted in higher electricity prices, making distributed PV as an increasingly appealing alternative for consumers driving investment. However, due to a lack of suitable sites and environmental conditions, building large-scale installations is becoming increasingly challenging. There is a debate among many stakeholders and experts about the actual environmental benefits and consequences altered by this farming, which could have negative effects on both natural and anthropogenic settings. Hence, this paper focuses on the Environmental Impact Screening (EIS) by employing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as part of the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) in examining the environmental impact arising from a LSSPV project in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. The methodology for this study was conducted by evaluating results from in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders, including expert input from academicians, solar consultants, relevant local authorities, etc. This investigation proposed a multicriteria approach to conveying the main environmental aspects of the LSSPV project and assessing the magnitude of impact and significance generated by it. Large projects necessitate an evaluation to ensure that potential problems are identified and addressed early in the planning and design phases. This study had considered the environmental and chemical (EC) impacts, as well as occupational safety (OSH) and economic impact (EI). The data is then analyzed with AHP to determine the final component rankings. The final model provides a structured approach that incorporates detailed criteria that reflect the direct and indirect impacts arising from this LSSPV project, and it is intended to provide assessment magnitude and estimate scenarios based on different stakeholder perspectives in directing for a better decision. According to the study’s findings, sufficient environmental mitigation steps have been implemented prior to project completion to mitigate and gauge all potential environmental degradation.
Smoke emission analysis under normal operating conditions of two cars equipped with similar diesel engines but having different pollution standards
Authors: Burciu S M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The present work show you a comparative analysis of smoke emissions in the case of two cars equipped with similar TDI diesel engines, but different generation in terms of the pollution standard in which they can be included, namely Euro 3 and Euro 5. The determinations were carried out at stabilized driving speeds (in the 3rd, 4th, 5th gears of the gearbox) on the chassis dynamometer VT-2M/B1-Dyno type and these experimental determinations showed the important role of the DPF in the case of car with Euro 5 pollution norme. Based on the determinations it was established a 43-75% reduction in smoke for speeds of 40-140 km/h, respectively a 50-80% reduction in smoke for speeds of 100-200 km/h (depending on the gear ratio used) in case of engine with DPF, that are important reductions for smoke emision in case of the speeds specific to the traffic in cities but also for the high speeds specific to the traffic outside of the cities.
Amine treatment application for carbon dioxide capturing from gas emissions of a hybrid power plant with a solid oxide fuel cell
Authors: Beloev Ivan Hristov , Filimonova Antonina Andreevna , Vlasova Alena Yurievna , Kamalieva Ruzina Farsilovna , Vinogradov Artem Sergeevich , Iliev Iliya Krastev 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The transition to alternative electrical and thermal energy sources has opened up many promising areas for the hydrogen-containing fuel study. When assessing the environmental prospects of using a solid oxide fuel cell, it was found that carbon dioxide is obtained as a by-product, which must be captured and disposed of. Carbon dioxide is captured by physical absorption, chemisorption, adsorption, catalytic hydrogenation, membranes, enzymes under the electricity action. In this work, an experiment was carried out on the carbon dioxide capture by absorption, namely, amine-containing substances. In the experiment, both single-component and multi-component solutions were tested. The experiment was carried out on a laboratory setup. Based on the data obtained, a conclusion was made on the carbon dioxide capture by various classes of amines. Recommendations have been made for industrial scale amine purification. Compliance with these requirements will achieve good results in industrial carbon capture.
Morality and Socially Constructed Norms
Authors: Valentini Laura 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Socially constructed norms are everywhere: from the “ladies first” custom to the practice of queuing, from the religious norm that prescribes chastity before marriage all the way to the complex demands that the law places on us. A constant presence in our lives, socially constructed norms elicit mixed emotions. On the one hand, we often feel their moral pull: we think that we would act wrongly if we violated them. On the other hand, we look at them with suspicion: even the most ostensibly innocuous norms may contribute to perpetuating injustice. The challenge, then, is to explain when socially constructed norms place moral demands on us and when they do not. Morality and Socially Constructed Norms addresses this challenge. It traces the moral significance of socially constructed norms to the agential commitments underpinning them and explains when and why those commitments ought to be respected. The book explores the implications of this explanation for three core questions in moral, legal, and political philosophy: the grounding of moral rights, the obligation to obey the law, and the wrong of sovereignty violations. In doing so, Morality and Socially Constructed Norms shows how much progress can be made in normative theorizing when we give socially constructed norms their (moral) due.
Introduction
Authors: Valentini Laura 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter motivates the inquiry undertaken in the book—i.e., about the moral normativity of socially constructed norms—and situates it in the broader literature. It then provides an overview of the book’s content and makes explicit its ambitions and limitations. In a nutshell, the book asks whether we are ever obligated to perform or refrain from performing given actions because this is what socially constructed norms require of us. While legal and political philosophers have mostly asked this question in relation to legal norms specifically—i.e., they have asked whether we have “an obligation to obey the law because it is the law”—the book addresses it in relation to socially constructed norms generally. Part 1 develops a qualified affirmative answer to this question, called the “agency-respect view”. Part 2 applies this view to three important philosophical problems: the grounding of moral rights, the obligation to obey the law, and the wrong of sovereignty violations.
Nitrogen fixation in different termite lineages and diets
Authors: Mullins Aaron , Su Nan-Yao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Nitrogen fixation is often cited as an important nitrogen source for termites. However, the rate of nitrogen fixation between experiments and termite species is highly variable due to termite diversity and sampling limitations. New evidence suggests that subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki) (Blattodea, Rhinotermitidae) seek alternative dietary nitrogen sources for colony growth and development. This study compares N2 fixation rates and nitrogenase gene expression rates to a diverse assemblage of feeding groups. It was observed that nitrogenase expression was much higher in one-piece nesting termites from the family Kalotermitidae which lack access to soil. On the other hand, subterranean termites from the family Rhinotermitidae fix nitrogen at much lower rates, not differing from ambient nitrogenase activity in soil.
Prediction of injurious falls in older adults using digital gait biomarkers extracted from large-scale wrist sensor data
Authors: Chan Lloyd L Y , Arbona Carmen Herrera , Brodie Matthew A , Lord Stephen R 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To determine whether digital gait biomarkers captured by a wrist-worn device can predict injurious falls in older people and to develop a multivariable injurious fall prediction model.

Design
Population-based longitudinal cohort study.

Setting and participants
Community-dwelling participants of the UK Biobank study aged 65 and older (n = 32,619) in the United Kingdom.

Methods
Participants were assessed at baseline on daily-life walking speed, quality, quantity and distribution using wrist-worn accelerometers for up to 7 days. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to analyse the associations between these parameters and injurious falls for up to 9 years.

Results
Five percent of the participants (n = 1,627) experienced at least one fall requiring medical attention over a mean of 7.0 ± 1.1 years. Daily-life walking speed, gait quality, quantity of walking and distribution of daily walking were all significantly associated with the incidence of injurious falls (P &lt; 0.05). After adjusting for sociodemographics, lifestyle factors, comorbidities, handgrip strength and reaction time; running duration, total step counts and usual walking speed were identified as independent and significant predictors of falls (P &lt; 0.01). These associations were consistent in those without a history of previous fall injuries. In contrast, step regularity was the only risk factor for those with a previous fall history after adjusting for covariates.

Conclusions
Daily-life gait speed, quantity and quality, derived from wrist-worn sensors, are significant predictors of injurious falls in older people. These digital gait biomarkers could potentially be used to identify fall risk in screening programs and integrated into fall prevention strategies.
Drivers of diversification in Linum (Linaceae) by means of chromosome evolution: correlations with biogeography, breeding system and habit
Authors: Valdés-Florido Ana , Tan Lu , Maguilla Enrique , Simón-Porcar Violeta I , Zhou Yong-Hong , Arroyo Juan , Escudero Marcial 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Chromosome evolution leads to hybrid dysfunction and recombination patterns and has thus been proposed as a major driver of diversification in all branches of the tree of life, including flowering plants. In this study we used the genus Linum (flax species) to evaluate the effects of chromosomal evolution on diversification rates and on traits that are important for sexual reproduction. Linum is a useful study group because it has considerable reproductive polymorphism (heterostyly) and chromosomal variation (n = 6–36) and a complex pattern of biogeographical distribution.

Methods
We tested several traditional hypotheses of chromosomal evolution. We analysed changes in chromosome number across the phylogenetic tree (ChromEvol model) in combination with diversification rates (ChromoSSE model), biogeographical distribution, heterostyly and habit (ChromePlus model).

Key Results
Chromosome number evolved across the Linum phylogeny from an estimated ancestral chromosome number of n = 9. While there were few apparent incidences of cladogenesis through chromosome evolution, we inferred up to five chromosomal speciation events. Chromosome evolution was not related to heterostyly but did show significant relationships with habit and geographical range. Polyploidy was negatively correlated with perennial habit, as expected from the relative commonness of perennial woodiness and absence of perennial clonality in the genus. The colonization of new areas was linked to genome rearrangements (polyploidy and dysploidy), which could be associated with speciation events during the colonization process.

Conclusions
Chromosome evolution is a key trait in some clades of the Linum phylogeny. Chromosome evolution directly impacts speciation and indirectly influences biogeographical processes and important plant traits.
One-Stage Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction With Polyurethane-Coated Device: Standardized Assessment of Outcomes
Authors: Catanuto Giuseppe , Virzì Dario , Latino Marco , Musmeci Nicola , Fichera Debora , Balafa Konstantina , Cannata Irene , Rocco Nicola , Marino Mariagloria , Castiglione Gaetano , Caruso Francesco 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Nipple-sparing mastectomies (NSMs) and implant-based breast reconstructions have evolved from 2-stage reconstructions with tissue expansion and implant exchange to direct-to-implant procedures. In this study, we tested safety and efficacy of polyurethane-based implants according to standard assessment tools.

Objectives
This study aimed to test safety and feasibility of polyurethane-coated implants with standardized assessment employing internationally acknowledged evaluation criteria.

Methods
Cases of NSMs followed by breast reconstruction in 1 stage with immediate prepectoral polyurethane-coated implant placement were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative characteristics of the population have been collected. Adherence to quality assurance criteria of the Association of Breast Surgery–British Association of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons was verified. Complications were assessed with the Clavien Dindo classification, modified for the breast. Rippling, implant rotation, and malposition were also evaluated.

Results
Sixty-three consecutive patients underwent 74 NSMs and immediate breast reconstruction with micro polyurethane foam–coated anatomic implants. In 5 cases we had unplanned readmissions with return to the operating room under general anesthesia (6.7%) and implant loss within 3 months from breast reconstruction (5 implants, 6.7%). Postoperative complications according to Clavien Dindo were grade 1 in 6 cases (8.1%), grade 2 in 3 cases (4%), and 3b in 5 cases (6.7%).

Conclusions
Polyurethane-coated implants may prevent rotation and malposition and capsular contracture in the short term. Unplanned readmission rates and implant loss rates in the short term may be slightly higher.
See the abstract translated into Hindi, Portuguese, Korean, German, Italian, Arabic, Chinese, and Taiwanese online here: https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjad301.

Level of Evidence: 4
Ethoscopy and ethoscope-lab: a framework for behavioural analysis to lower entrance barrier and aid reproducibility
Authors: Blackhurst Laurence , Gilestro Giorgio F 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSummaryHigh-throughput analysis of behaviour is a pivotal instrument in modern neuroscience, allowing researchers to combine modern genetics breakthrough to unbiased, objective, reproducible experimental approaches. To this extent, we recently created an open-source hardware platform (ethoscope; Geissmann Q, Garcia Rodriguez L, Beckwith EJ et al. Rethomics: an R framework to analyse high-throughput behavioural data. PLoS One 2019;14:e0209331) that allows for inexpensive, accessible, high-throughput analysis of behaviour in Drosophila or other animal models. Here we equip ethoscopes with a Python framework for data analysis, ethoscopy, designed to be a user-friendly yet powerful platform, meeting the requirements of researchers with limited coding expertise as well as experienced data scientists.Availability and implementationEthoscopy is best consumed in a prebaked Jupyter-based docker container, ethoscope-lab, to improve accessibility and to encourage the use of notebooks as a natural platform to share post-publication data analysis. Ethoscopy is a Python package available on GitHub and PyPi. Ethoscope-lab is a docker container available on DockerHub. A landing page aggregating all the code and documentation is available at https://lab.gilest.ro/ethoscopy.
Phables: from fragmented assemblies to high-quality bacteriophage genomes
Authors: Mallawaarachchi Vijini , Roach Michael J , Decewicz Przemyslaw , Papudeshi Bhavya , Giles Sarah K , Grigson Susanna R , Bouras George , Hesse Ryan D , Inglis Laura K , Hutton Abbey L K , Dinsdale Elizabeth A , Edwards Robert A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Microbial communities have a profound impact on both human health and various environments. Viruses infecting bacteria, known as bacteriophages or phages, play a key role in modulating bacterial communities within environments. High-quality phage genome sequences are essential for advancing our understanding of phage biology, enabling comparative genomics studies and developing phage-based diagnostic tools. Most available viral identification tools consider individual sequences to determine whether they are of viral origin. As a result of challenges in viral assembly, fragmentation of genomes can occur, and existing tools may recover incomplete genome fragments. Therefore, the identification and characterization of novel phage genomes remain a challenge, leading to the need of improved approaches for phage genome recovery.

Results
We introduce Phables, a new computational method to resolve phage genomes from fragmented viral metagenome assemblies. Phables identifies phage-like components in the assembly graph, models each component as a flow network, and uses graph algorithms and flow decomposition techniques to identify genomic paths. Experimental results of viral metagenomic samples obtained from different environments show that Phables recovers on average over 49% more high-quality phage genomes compared to existing viral identification tools. Furthermore, Phables can resolve variant phage genomes with over 99% average nucleotide identity, a distinction that existing tools are unable to make.

Availability and implementation
Phables is available on GitHub at https://github.com/Vini2/phables.