bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived Disability Discrimination and the Deficient Equality Act: Interpretive and Legislative Remedies
Authors: Connolly Michael 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Equality Act 2010 was intended to extend its cover to perceived discrimination, such as dismissing a turbaned Sikh barista under pressure from customers mistaking him for a Muslim. Such mistakes are rooted in stereotyping, fear and prejudice. Disability discrimination is particularly prone to these attitudes, but the Act’s inadequate drafting renders perceived disability discrimination claims exceptionally difficult. This paper suggests some innovative interpretive solutions, but ultimately recommends statutory reform.
Climate Change, Fundamental Rights, and Statutory Interpretation
Authors: Warnock Ceri , Preston Brian J 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The climate change crisis demands a wholesale transformation of law. In this article, we consider one potential component of that transformation: the role that rights-protective statutory interpretation might play. Specifically, we analyse the transformative potential of the principle of legality. The principle of legality is a presumption of statutory interpretation that legislation should not be read as infringing fundamental common law rights in the absence of irresistibly clear statutory language. It enables courts to give statutory words their least rights-infringing meaning. The law in international fora and domestic jurisdictions now acknowledges that climate change will adversely affect human rights. We make the linkage between climate change, fundamental rights, and statutory interpretation and argue that the principle of legality may, in appropriate cases, be used to interpret legislation regulating the range of human activity, in a climate-protective way.
Whole-genome resequencing data support a single introduction of the invasive white pine sawfly,Diprion similis
Authors: Davis Jeremy S , Sim Sheina , Geib Scott , Scheffler Brian , Linnen Catherine R 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBiological introductions are unintended “natural experiments” that provide unique insights into evolutionary processes. Invasive phytophagous insects are of particular interest to evolutionary biologists studying adaptation, as introductions often require rapid adaptation to novel host plants. However, adaptive potential of invasive populations may be limited by reduced genetic diversity—a problem known as the “genetic paradox of invasions.” One potential solution to this paradox is if there are multiple invasive waves that bolster genetic variation in invasive populations. Evaluating this hypothesis requires characterizing genetic variation and population structure in the invaded range. To this end, we assemble a reference genome and describe patterns of genetic variation in the introduced white pine sawfly, Diprion similis. This species was introduced to North America in 1914, where it has rapidly colonized the thin-needled eastern white pine (Pinus strobus), making it an ideal invasion system for studying adaptation to novel environments. To evaluate evidence of multiple introductions, we generated whole-genome resequencing data for 64 D. similis females sampled across the North American range. Both model-based and model-free clustering analyses supported a single population for North American D. similis. Within this population, we found evidence of isolation-by-distance and a pattern of declining heterozygosity with distance from the hypothesized introduction site. Together, these results support a single-introduction event. We consider implications of these findings for the genetic paradox of invasion and discuss priorities for future research in D. similis, a promising model system for invasion biology.
Constraints on extragalactic background light using TeV observations of BL Lacertae objects
Authors: Qin Longhua , Wang Jiancheng , Gao Quangui , Na Weiwei , Li Huaizhen , Wang Ao , Yang Chuyuan , Yang Jianping 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTThe extragalactic background light (EBL) in the infrared to ultraviolet bands partly absorbs very high energy (VHE; E ≥ 100 GeV) γ-ray photons travelling over cosmological distances via pair production. In this paper, to get stronger constraints on EBL, we use the deliberate selection of the EBL model and data of five BL Lacs with better statistics and the harder spectra to limit the EBL density and the radiation mechanism of BL Lacs. We constrain the upper limit of the EBL density by fitting the spectral energy distributions of TeV BL Lacs and find that our results are compatible with the published measurement, reaching 50 $\rm {nW \,m^{-2} \,sr^{-1}}$. We also obtain that the EBL is not necessarily transparent to VHE photons. We fix the intrinsic spectral index Γi of TeV BL Lacs as 1.0 and 1.5 under observation evidence and model assumption. Comparing the EBL density given by galaxy count and Spitzer observations, we then obtain that 1ES 1101−232 has Γi ≤ 1.0 and 1ES 0229+200 should have Γi not harder than 1.0. We demonstrate that the common radiation assumption of BL Lacs, in which the Γi is softer than 1.5, should be revisited. Furthermore, we propose that the upper EBL density could be given by fitting the hardest energy spectra of TeV BL Lacs.
Evaluating the jet/accretion coupling of Aql X-1: probing the contribution of accretion flow spectral components
Authors: Fijma S , van den Eijnden J , Degenaar N , Russell T D , Miller-Jones J C A 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTThe coupling between radio and X-ray luminosity is an important diagnostic tool to study the connection between the accretion inflow and jet outflow for low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). The radio/X-ray correlation for individual neutron star (NS) LMXBs is scattered, whereas for individual black hole (BH) LMXBs a more consistent correlation is generally found. Furthermore, jet quenching is observed for both types of LMXBs, but it is unclear whether jets in NS-LMXBs quench as strongly as those in BH-LMXBs. While additional soft X-ray spectral components can be detected in NS-LMXB spectra due to the presence of the NS surface, disentangling the individual X-ray spectral components has thus far not been considered when studying the radio/X-ray coupling. Here we present eleven epochs of Swift/XRT observations matched with quasi-simultaneous archival radio observations of the 2009 November outburst of Aql X-1. We decompose the thermal and Comptonized spectral components in the Swift/XRT spectra, with the aim of studying whether the presence of additional thermal emission affects the coupling of the radio/X-ray luminosity. We find that there is no evidence of a significant thermal contribution in Swift/XRT spectra that could cause scatter in the radio/X-ray coupling. To explore the role of potential spectral degeneracies in the X-ray models and consider the improvements from including hard X-rays, we perform joint fits with quasi-simultaneous RXTE/PCA spectra. Follow-up research using more sensitive, broad-band X-ray observations and densely sampled near-simultaneous radio observations is required to study this in more detail.
Solar coronal magnetic field measurements using spectral lines available in Hinode/EIS observations: strong and weak field techniques and temperature diagnostics
Authors: Chen Yajie , Bai Xianyong , Tian Hui , Li Wenxian , Chen Feng , Yang Zihao , Yang Yang 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Recently, it has been proposed that the magnetic-field-induced transition (MIT) in Fe x can be used to measure coronal magnetic field strengths. Several techniques, the direct line ratio technique and the weak and strong magnetic field techniques, are developed to apply the MIT theory to spectroscopic observations taken by EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) onboard Hinode. However, the suitability of coronal magnetic field measurements based on the weak and strong magnetic field techniques has not been evaluated. Besides, temperature diagnostics is also important for measuring coronal magnetic field based on the MIT theory, but how to determine the accurate formation temperature of the Fe x lines from EIS observations still needs investigation. In this study, we synthesized emissions of several spectral lines from a 3D radiation magnetohydrodynamic model of a solar active region and then derived magnetic field strengths using different methods. We first compared the magnetic field strengths derived from the weak and strong magnetic field techniques to the values in the model. Our study suggests that both weak and strong magnetic field techniques underestimate the coronal magnetic field strength. Then we developed two methods to calculate the formation temperature of the Fe x lines. One is based on differential emission measure analyses, and the other is deriving temperature from the Fe ix and Fe xi line pairs. However, neither of the two methods can provide temperature determination for accurate coronal magnetic field measurements as those derived from the Fe x 174/175 and 184/345 Å line ratios. More efforts are still needed for accurate coronal magnetic field measurements using EIS observations.
The Ly α, C iv, and He iinebulae around J1000+0234: a galaxy pair at the centre of a galaxy overdensity atz = 4.5
Authors: Jiménez-Andrade E F , Cantalupo S , Magnelli B , Romano-Díaz E , Gómez-Guijarro C , Mackenzie R , Smolčić V , Murphy E , Matthee J , Toft S 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTLy α λ1216 (Ly α) emission extending over $\gtrsim \, \rm 10\, kilo\,parsec\, (kpc)$ around dusty, massive starbursts at z ≳ 3 might represent a short-lived phase in the evolution of present-day, massive quiescent galaxies. To obtain empirical constraints on this emerging scenario, we present Ly α, C ivλ1550 (C iv), and He ii λ1640 (He ii) observations taken with the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer towards J1000+0234: a galaxy pair at z = 4.5 composed of a low-mass starburst (J1000+0234−South) neighbouring a massive Submillimeter Galaxy (SMG; J1000+0234−North) that harbours a rotationally supported gas disc. Based on the spatial distribution and relative strength of Ly α, C iv, and He ii, we find that star formation in J1000+0234−South and an active galactic nucleus in J1000+0234−North are dominant factors in driving the observed 40 kiloparsec-scale Ly α blob (LAB). We use the non-resonant He ii  line to infer kinematic information of the LAB. We find marginal evidence for two spatially and spectrally separated He ii regions, which suggests that the two-peaked Ly α profile is mainly a result of two overlapping and likely interacting H i clouds. We also report the serendipitous identification of three Ly α emitters spanning over a redshift bin Δz ≤ 0.007 (i.e. $\lesssim 380\, \rm km\, s^{-1}$) located at $\lesssim 140\, \rm kpc$ from J1000+0234. A galaxy overdensity analysis confirms that J1000+0234 lies near the centre of a Megaparsec-scale galaxy overdensity at z = 4.5 that might evolve into a galaxy cluster at z = 0. The properties of J1000+0234 and its large-scale environment strengthen the link between SMGs within LABs, tracing overdense regions, as the progenitors of local massive ellipticals in galaxy clusters.
Binary formation through gas-assisted capture and the implications for stellar, planetary, and compact object evolution
Authors: Rozner Mor , Generozov Aleksey , Perets Hagai B 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTBinary systems are ubiquitous and their formation requires two-body interaction and dissipation. In gaseous media, interactions between two initially unbound objects could result in gas-assisted binary formation, induced by a loss of kinetic energy to the ambient gas medium. Here, we derive analytically the criteria for gas-assisted binary capture through gas dynamical friction dissipation. We validate them with few-body simulations and explore this process in different gas-rich environments: gas-embedded star-forming regions (SFR), gas-enriched globular clusters, active galactic nucleus (AGN) discs, and protoplanetary discs. We find that gas-assisted binary capture is highly efficient in SFRs, potentially providing a main channel for the formation of binaries. It could also operate under certain conditions in gas-enriched globular clusters. Thin AGN discs could also provide a fertile ground for gas-assisted binary capture and in particular the formation of black hole/other compact object binaries, the production of gravitational-wave (GW) and other high-energy transients. Large-scale gaseous discs might be too thick to enable gas-assisted binary capture and previous estimates of the production of GW sources could be overestimated, and sensitive to specific conditions and the structure of the discs. In protoplanetary discs, while gas-assisted binary capture can produce binary Kuiper-belt objects, dynamical friction by small planetesimals is likely to be more efficient. Overall, we show that gas-assisted binary formation is robust and can contribute significantly to the binary formation rate in many environments. In fact, the gas-assisted binary capture rates are sufficiently high such that they will lead to multicaptures, and the formation of higher multiplicity systems.
Caregivers matter: Neurological vulnerability for pediatric brain tumor survivors
Authors: Moscato Emily L , Fisher Allison P , Pillay-Smiley Natasha , Salloum Ralph , Wade Shari L 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTS) are at risk of worse quality of life (QOL) due to the impact of neurotoxic treatments on the developing nervous system. Parenting factors such as protectiveness have been linked to worse QOL in childhood cancer survivors generally, but have yet to be explored for PBTS. We examined whether parenting behaviors moderated the association between neurotoxic treatment and QOL for PBTS.

Methods
PBTS (n = 40; ages 10–25) and their caregivers (n = 47) completed measures of parenting behaviors including warmth (support/connectedness) and psychological control (protectiveness) and QOL. We divided the sample into moderate/high and low neurotoxicity groups based on chart review using the Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Rating of Treatment Intensity and examined moderator effects.

Results
Survivor-reported primary caregiver warmth moderated the relationship between neurotoxicity and caregiver-reported QOL. Moderate/high neurotoxicity was associated with lower caregiver-reported QOL only when survivor-reported primary caregiver warmth was low, P = .02. Similar results were found for survivor-reported QOL. Caregiver-reported psychological control moderated the association between neurotoxicity and caregiver-reported QOL such that neurotoxicity only affected QOL at high levels of psychological control, P = .01.

Conclusions
Heightened associations between parenting and QOL in the context of neurotoxic treatments underscore the need to better support PBTS. Findings are consistent with research suggesting that family factors may be particularly important for children with other neurological insults. Limitations include cross-sectional design and a small/heterogeneous clinical sample with low ethnic/racial diversity. Prospective studies are needed to refine evidence-based screening and develop psychosocial intervention strategies to optimize QOL for PBTS and their families.
Dual-radical-based molecular anisotropy and synergy effect of semi-conductivity and valence tautomerization in a photoswitchable coordination polymer
Authors: Dai Jing-Wei , Li Yu-Qin , Li Zhao-Yang , Zhang Hai-Tao , Herrmann Carmen , Kumagai Shohei , Damjanović Marko , Enders Markus , Nojiri Hiroyuki , Morimoto Masakazu , Hoshino Norihisa , Akutagawa Tomoyuki , Yamashita Masahiro 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Organic radicals are widely used as linkers or ligands to synthesize molecular magnetic materials. However, studies regarding the molecular anisotropies of radical-based magnetic materials and their multifunctionalities are rare. Herein, a photoisomerizable diarylethene ligand was used to form {[CoIII(3,5-DTSQ·–)(3,5-DTCat2–)]2(6F-DAE-py2)}·3CH3CN·H2O (o-1·3CH3CN·H2O, 6F-DAE-py2 = 1,2-bis(2-methyl-5-(4-pyridyl)-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene), a valence-tautomeric (VT) coordination polymer. We directly observed dual radicals for a single crystal using high-field/-frequency (∼13.3 T and ∼360 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy along the c-axis, which was further confirmed by angle-dependent Q-band EPR spectroscopy. Moreover, a conductive anomaly close to the VT transition temperature was observed only when probes were attached at the ab plane of the single crystal, indicative of synergy between valence tautomerism and conductivity. Structural anisotropy studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that this synergy is due to electron transfer associated with valence tautomerism. This study presents the first example of dual-radical-based molecular anisotropy and charge-transfer-induced conductive anisotropy in a photoswitchable coordination polymer.
Bio-robotics research for non-invasive myoelectric neural interfaces for upper-limb prosthetic control: a 10-year perspective review
Authors: Jiang Ning , Chen Chen , He Jiayuan , Meng Jianjun , Pan Lizhi , Su Shiyong , Zhu Xiangyang 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTA decade ago, a group of researchers from academia and industry identified a dichotomy between the industrial and academic state-of-the-art in upper-limb prosthesis control, a widely used bio-robotics application. They proposed that four key technical challenges, if addressed, could bridge this gap and translate academic research into clinically and commercially viable products. These challenges are unintuitive control schemes, lack of sensory feedback, poor robustness and single sensor modality. Here, we provide a perspective review on the research effort that occurred in the last decade, aiming at addressing these challenges. In addition, we discuss three research areas essential to the recent development in upper-limb prosthetic control research but were not envisioned in the review 10 years ago: deep learning methods, surface electromyogram decomposition and open-source databases. To conclude the review, we provide an outlook into the near future of the research and development in upper-limb prosthetic control and beyond.
Affective Polarization in Comparative and Longitudinal Perspective
Authors: Garzia Diego , Ferreira da Silva Frederico , Maye Simon 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Existent research shows that affective polarization has been intensifying in some publics, diminishing in others, and remaining stable in most. We contribute to this debate by providing the most encompassing comparative and longitudinal account of affective polarization so far. We resort to a newly assembled dataset able to track partisan affect, with varying time series, in eighteen democracies over the last six decades. We present results based on two different operational measures of affective polarization: Reiljan's Affective Polarization Index, based on reported partisans only, and Wagner's weighted distance from the most liked party, based on the whole electorate. Our reassessment of affective polarization among partisans confirms that an intensifying trend is observable in a number of countries but it is, by no means, generalizable to all established democracies. Regarding the longitudinal assessment of affective polarization among the electorate, we confirm that US citizens have become more affectively polarized over time.
How patient autonomy drives the legal liabilities of medical practitioners and the practical ways to mitigate and resolve them
Authors: Kim Hwan , Lee Albert 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper discusses the rapidly evolving healthcare risk landscape and considers how emerging trends—such as advancement of medical technology, cyber security, pandemic risks, increasing prevalence of noncommunicable health conditions, and the shift towards patient autonomy—are shaping the nature of liabilities faced by doctors and healthcare professionals. Then it discusses practical ways to mitigate clinical risks and resolve the medico-legal claims or inquiries that arise while addressing the role that indemnity providers should play.
Exact renormalization group for wave functionals
Authors: Kuwahara Takaaki , Tanaka Gota , Tsuchiya Asato , Yamashiro Kazushi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMotivated by the construction of continuum tensor networks for interacting field theories, which are relevant in understanding the emergence of space-time in the gauge/gravity correspondence, we derive a non-perturbative functional differential equation for wave functionals in scalar field theories from the exact renormalization group equation. We check the validity of the equation using the perturbation theory. We calculate the wave functional up to the first-order perturbation and verify that it satisfies the equation.
Letters, Poems, Flowers, and Bluestocking Friendship: Mary Hamilton’s Collage–Biography of Mary Delany
Authors: Voloshkova Nataliia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article explores a friendship between two major figures in the Bluestocking network: the courtier and diarist Mary Hamilton (1756–1816) and the artist Mary Delany (1700–1788). Drawing on the Mary Hamilton Papers and the Dickenson Family Papers, it sheds new light on the ways in which their relationship ensured continuity of female experience, solidarity, knowledge channelling, and skills transfer across generations. The article investigates these women’s collaborative activities and discusses Hamilton’s engagement with Delany’s famous paper flower collages. It also explores Hamilton’s volume of excerpts from Delany’s letters and transcriptions of poems penned by and dedicated to Delany. When read together, Hamilton’s various biographical materials related to Delany form the first contemporary collage–biography of her brilliant precursor.