bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-world impact of antifibrotics on prognosis in patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease
Authors: Niitsu Takayuki , Fukushima Kiyoharu , Komukai Sho , Takata So , Abe Yuko , Nii Takuro , Kuge Tomoki , Iwakoshi Shinichi , Shiroyama Takayuki , Miyake Kotaro , Tujino Kazuyuki , Tanizaki Satoshi , Iwahori Kota , Hirata Haruhiko , Miki Keisuke , Yanagawa Masahiro , Takeuchi Noriyuki , Takeda Yoshito , Kida Hiroshi , Kumanogoh Atsushi 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveNo studies have demonstrated the real-world efficacy of antifibrotics for progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease (PF-ILD). Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of antifibrotics in patients with PF-ILD.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with ILD from January 2012 to July 2021. Patients were diagnosed with PF-ILD if they had ≥10% fibrosis on high-resolution CT (HRCT) and a relative forced vital capacity (FVC) decline of either ≥10% or >5% to <10% with clinical deterioration or progression of fibrosis on HRCT during overlapping windows of 2 years and with a %FVC of ≥45%. We compared FVC changes and overall survival (OS) between patients with and without antifibrotics. FVC changes were analysed using generalised estimating equations. We used inverse probability weighting (IPW) and statistical matching to adjust for covariates.ResultsOf the 574 patients, 167 were diagnosed with PF-ILD (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), n=64; non-IPF, n=103). Antifibrotics improved the FVC decline in both IPF (p=0.002) and non-IPF (p=0.05) (IPW: IPF, p=0.015; non-IPF, p=0.031). Among patients with IPF, OS was longer in the antifibrotic group (log-rank p=0.001). However, among patients with non-IPF, OS was not longer in the antifibrotic group (p=0.3263) (IPW and statistical matching: IPF, p=0.0534 and p=0.0018; non-IPF, p=0.5663 and p=0.5618).ConclusionThis is the first real-world study to show that antifibrotics improve the FVC decline in PF-ILD. However, among patients with non-IPF, we found no significant difference in mortality between those with and without antifibrotics. Future studies must clarify whether antifibrotics improve the prognosis of non-IPF.
Herpes Virus Entry Mediator Costimulation Signaling Enhances CAR T-cell Efficacy Against Solid Tumors Through Metabolic Reprogramming
Authors: Sun Shishuo , Huang Chao , Lu Mengmeng , Xu Heng , Yuan Yifan , Zhao Wanxin , Hu Xiaolei , Wang Bixi , Zhang Wei , Gao Xiaoge , Zheng Junnian , Su Lishan , Zhang Qing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCostimulatory domains (CSD) of 4-1BB and CD28 are most widely used in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–engineered T cells. These CAR T cells have shown encouraging efficacy in the treatment of hematologic malignancies but have limited efficacy in solid tumors. The herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) is a costimulatory molecule with a novel downstream signaling pathway. In response to target cells, CAR T cells with a HVEM CSD (HVEM-CAR T) displayed more robust cytokine release and cytotoxicity than 4-1BB-CAR T or CD28-CAR T in vitro. Furthermore, HVEM-CAR T showed superior therapeutic efficacy in several mouse tumor models. Mechanistically, the HVEM CSD endowed CAR T cells with attenuated exhaustion, improved function and persistence, and enhanced metabolic activities in tumor tissue compared with 4-1BB–based or CD28-based CAR T cells. These studies establish that the HVEM CSD has the potential to improve the therapeutic efficacy of CAR T cells against solid tumors.
Diastolic Blood Pressure and Intensive Blood Pressure Control on Cognitive Outcomes: Insights From the SPRINT MIND Trial
Authors: Jiang Chao , Li Sitong , Wang Yufeng , Lai Yiwei , Bai Yu , Zhao Manlin , He Liu , Kong Yu , Guo Xueyuan , Li Songnan , Liu Nian , Jiang Chenxi , Tang Ribo , Sang Caihua , Long Deyong , Du Xin , Dong Jianzeng , Anderson Craig S. , Ma Changsheng 
Published: January 2023

Background:
The potential benefits or harms of intensive systolic blood pressure (BP) control on cognitive function and cerebral blood flow in individuals with low diastolic blood pressure (DBP) remain unclear.

Methods:
We conducted a post hoc analysis of the SPRINT MIND (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial Memory and Cognition in Decreased Hypertension) that randomly assigned hypertensive participants to an intensive (<120 mm Hg; n=4278) or standard (<140 mm Hg; n=4385) systolic blood pressure target. We evaluated the effects of BP intervention on cognitive outcomes and cerebral blood flow across baseline DBP quartiles.

Results:

Participants in the intensive group had a lower incidence rate of probable dementia or mild cognitive impairment than those in the standard group, regardless of DBP quartiles. The hazard ratio of intensive versus standard target for probable dementia or mild cognitive impairment was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.73–1.12) in the lowest DBP quartile and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.48–1.02) in the highest DBP quartile, respectively, with an interaction
P
value of 0.24. Similar results were found for probable dementia (interaction
P
=0.06) and mild cognitive impairment (interaction
P
=0.80). The effect of intensive treatment on cerebral blood flow was not modified by baseline DBP either (interaction
P
=0.25). Even among participants within the lowest DBP quartile, intensive versus standard BP treatment resulted in an increasing trend of annualized change in cerebral blood flow (+0.26 [95% CI, −0.72 to 1.24] mL/[100 g·min]).

Conclusions:
Intensive BP control did not appear to have a detrimental effect on cognitive outcomes and cerebral perfusion in patients with low baseline DBP.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01206062
Real‐World Disparities in Remote Follow‐Up of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices and Impact of the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Single‐Center Experience
Authors: Lehmann H. Immo , Sharma Krishan , Bhatia Roma , Mills Theresa , Lang Joshua , Li Guoping , Andrews Carl , Cullivan Jay , Singh Jagmeet , Mela Theofanie 
Published: January 2023

Background
Remote monitoring (RM) of cardiac implantable electronic devices has been shown to improve cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. To date, no studies have investigated disparities in use and delivery of RM. This study was performed to investigate if racial and socioeconomic disparities are present in cardiac implantable electronic device RM.

Methods and Results

This was a retrospective observational cohort study at a single tertiary care center in the United States. Patients who received a newly implanted cardiac implantable electronic device or device upgrade between January 2017 and December 2020 were included. Patients were classified as RM positive (RM+) when they underwent at least ≥2 remote interrogations per year during follow‐up. Of all eligible patients, 2520 patients were included, and 34% were women. The mean follow‐up was 25 months. Mean age was 71±14 years. Pacemakers constituted 66% of implanted devices, whereas 26% were implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators, and 8% were cardiac resynchronization therapy with implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators. Most patients (83%) were of European American ancestry. During follow‐up, 66% of patients were classified as RM+. Patients who were younger, European American, college‐educated, lived in a county with higher median household income, and were active on the hospital's patient portals were more frequently RM+. In an adjusted regression model, RM+ remained associated with the use of the online patient portal (odds ratio [OR], 2.889 [95% CI, 2.387–3.497]), presence of an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (OR, 1.489 [95% CI, 1.207–1.835]), advanced college degree (OR, 1.244 [95% CI, 1.014–1.527]), and lastly with European American ancestry (
P
<0.05). During the years of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the number of RM+ patients increased, whereas the association with ancestry and ethnicity decreased.

Conclusions
Despite being offered to all patients at implantation, significant disparities were present in cardiovascular implantable electronic device RM in this cohort. Disparities were partly reversed during COVID‐19. Further studies are needed to examine health center‐ and patient‐specific factors to overcome these barriers, and to facilitate equal opportunities to participate in RM.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging‐Derived Microvascular Perfusion Modeling to Assess Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Gimnich Olga A. , Belousova Tatiana , Short Christina M. , Taylor Addison A. , Nambi Vijay , Morrisett Joel D. , Ballantyne Christie M. , Bismuth Jean , Shah Dipan J. , Brunner Gerd 
Published: January 2023

Background
Computational fluid dynamics has shown good agreement with contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging measurements in cardiovascular disease applications. We have developed a biomechanical model of microvascular perfusion using contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging signal intensities derived from skeletal calf muscles to study peripheral artery disease (PAD).

Methods and Results

The computational microvascular model was used to study skeletal calf muscle perfusion in 56 individuals (36 patients with PAD, 20 matched controls). The recruited participants underwent contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and ankle‐brachial index testing at rest and after 6‐minute treadmill walking. We have determined associations of microvascular model parameters including the transfer rate constant, a measure of vascular leakiness; the interstitial permeability to fluid flow which reflects the permeability of the microvasculature; porosity, a measure of the fraction of the extracellular space; the outflow filtration coefficient; and the microvascular pressure with known markers of patients with PAD. Transfer rate constant, interstitial permeability to fluid flow, and microvascular pressure were higher, whereas porosity and outflow filtration coefficient were lower in patients with PAD than those in matched controls (all
P
values ≤0.014). In pooled analyses of all participants, the model parameters (transfer rate constant, interstitial permeability to fluid flow, porosity, outflow filtration coefficient, microvascular pressure) were significantly associated with the resting and exercise ankle‐brachial indexes, claudication onset time, and peak walking time (all
P
values ≤0.013). Among patients with PAD, interstitial permeability to fluid flow, and microvascular pressure were higher, while porosity and outflow filtration coefficient were lower in treadmill noncompleters compared with treadmill completers (all
P
values ≤0.001).

Conclusions
Computational microvascular model parameters differed significantly between patients with PAD and matched controls. Thus, computational microvascular modeling could be of interest in studying lower extremity ischemia.
Stroke Recurrence Following 28 Days After First Stroke in Men and Women 2012 to 2020: Observations From the Swedish Stroke Register
Authors: Eriksson Marie , Grundberg Anton , Inge Erik , von Euler Mia 
Published: January 2023

Background
Stroke incidence, care, and survival show continuous improvements in Sweden, including no or decreasing disparities between men and women. In this study, we aimed to estimate and compare the risk of stroke recurrence in men and women over time, accounting for the competing risk of death.

Methods and Results
We included adult patients with first‐time stroke (ischemic or intracerebral hemorrhage) registered in Riksstroke (the Swedish Stroke Register), 2012 to 2020, and followed until December 2020. Stroke recurrences included new events registered in Riksstroke from 28 days after stroke. To account for the competing risk of death, we used the cumulative incidence function to estimate crude incidences, and multivariable Cox regression to estimate cause‐specific hazard ratios (HRs) adjusting for differences in patients' risk factor profiles. The study included 72 148 (53.5%) men and 62 689 (46.5%) women. We observed 10 925 stroke recurrences and 81 811 deaths following the initial 28 days after the first stroke. The cumulative incidence of stroke recurrence was 3.7% (95% CI, 3.6–3.8) after 1 year, 7.0 (95% CI, 6.8–7.1) after 3 years, and 9.1% (95% CI, 8.9–9.3) after 5 years. The incidence decreased substantially during the study period (HR, 2019–2020 versus 2012, 0.824 [95% CI, 0.759–0.894]). Overall, men had a lower risk of stroke recurrence. After adjustments for differences in patient characteristics, men had a slightly higher risk of recurrence (of any type) after an ischemic stroke (HR, 1.090 [95% CI, 1.045–1.138]) and a lower risk after hemorrhagic stroke (HR, 0.880 [95% CI, 0.781–0.991]) compared with women.

Conclusions
The risk of stroke recurrence has decreased in both men and women. Women's higher age and other differences in risk factors partly explain their higher risk of stroke recurrence compared with men.
Poststroke Disability: Association Between Sex and Patient-Reported Outcomes
Authors: Oliveira Lara C. , Ponciano Ana , Tuozzo Carissa , Viswanathan Anand , Rost Natalia S. , Etherton Mark R. 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of long-term disability with sex-specific differences in outcomes. Identifying the influential factors that contribute to sex-specific disparities in stroke outcomes, therefore, holds potential to develop individualized interventions for reducing long-term disability. Further, investigating the association between sex and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) provides additional information on the individual impact and heterogeneity of IS. We aimed to identify sex-specific differences in stroke outcomes and relationship with PROMs in IS patients with 3-month follow-up.

Methods:
Between February 2017 and February 2020, a total of 410 patients admitted with IS to the Massachusetts General Hospital, in Boston, were enrolled in this prospective cohort. At 3-month poststroke, patients were assessed for Barthel Index, modified Rankin Scale, and PROM-10 questionnaires. T scores for physical and mental health were determined from the summing of PROM-10 responses in each domain. Regression analysis was performed to identify sex-specific determinants of functional and patient-reported outcomes.

Results:

At baseline, 242 participants were male (mean age, 65 years) and 168 were female (mean age, 70 years). Groups had similar rates of cardiovascular risk factors, admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and discharge modified Rankin Scale. At follow-up, male participants were more likely to have better rates of T Physical and Barthel Index. In regression analysis, PROMs T Physical (odds ratio, 1.06;
P
=0.01), Barthel Index (odds ratio, 1.06;
P
=0.01), and modified Rankin Scale score of ≥2 (odds ratio, 2.60;
P
=0.01) were associated with female sex. Female sex was also associated with lower scores for PROMs Physical subcomponents and with patient-reported general health and emotional problems.

Conclusions:
Women have worse outcomes after ischemic stroke, including objective measures of functional disability and patient-reported outcomes. Incorporating PROMs into IS outcome measures may offer additional insight into sex-specific differences in stroke recovery and outcomes.
Optimization of rail profile design for high-speed lines based on Gaussian function correction method
Authors: Qi Yayun , Dai Huanyun , Gan Feng , Sang Hutang 
Published: January 2023

As high-speed trains operate at a higher speed, the problem of rail wear is more serious. In this paper, a new Gaussian function correction (GFC) method is proposed to design the new rail profile, two parameters are introduced to control the removal area. Then a high-speed train vehicle dynamic model is established, the Kriging surrogate model (KSM) is used to reduce the number of simulations and the Non dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) algorithm is used to optimize the rail profile. Finally, the dynamic characteristics and wheel/rail wear evolution of the optimized profile are analyzed. The results show that the dynamic performance of the optimized rail profile has been improved. The maximum wear depth of the optimized rail profile is reduced by 15.63% when passing a total weight of 16 Mt. The wheel wear depth of S1002CN profile contact with CHN60OPT is reduced by 4.8%. The proposed GFC method can quickly generate a new rail profile and has good engineering significance for rail grinding. The GFC-KSM-NSGA- II method can be used to optimize the rail profiles for high-speed lines, and it can further guide the operation and maintenance.
Experimental investigation on the ignition limits of a kerosene-fueled cavity in model scramjet combustor
Authors: Li Xipeng , Liu Weidong , Pan Yu , Wang Ning 
Published: January 2023

The ignition limits of liquid kerosene injected upstream of a cavity flameholder using a spark plug are investigated in a model scramjet combustor with the isolator entrance Mach number of 2.52, the total pressure of 1.6 MPa, and stagnation temperature of 1486 K. The effects of injection pressure and mixing distance on ignition are studied. Flame dynamics and the evolution of the flow field during the ignition process are acquired through high-speed photography and Schlieren photography. For near-field injection, successful ignition of kerosene can only be achieved when the injection pressure is extremely low or in a higher injection pressure range. The ignition is failed due to the fuel-rich local equivalence ratio in the cavity recirculation zone when the injection pressure is in the middle of injection pressure range. For far-field injection, the ignition trend is totally opposite compared with near-field injection. The ratio of the fuel that the cavity can react completely to that consumed by the mainstream is extremely low due to the minimal mass exchange rate between the cavity and the mainstream. The local equivalence ratio in cavity is the controlling factor determining whether successful ignition could be achieved. Only local ignition with low combustion efficiency is achieved in the present single-cavity combustor. The flame could not spread to the mainstream due to the lower turbulence level weakening the interaction of combustion products in the recirculation zone with unburned reactants in the supersonic flow.
Surgically adjust tibial tunnel in anatomical anterior cruciate ligament single-bundle reconstruction: A time-zero biomechanical study in vitro
Authors: Wang Hong , Teng Yuanjun , Peng Bo , Jia Gengxin , Han Hua , Xia Yayi 
Published: January 2023

Background The anatomical positioning of the graft during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is of great significance for restoring normal knee kinematics and preventing early joint degeneration. Therefore, the adjustment of the mispositioned guide pin becomes extremely important. Our research aims to test the time-zero biomechanical properties in adjusting inaccurate guide pins to the center of the tibial footprint in anatomical anterior cruciate ligament single-bundle reconstruction. Methods Porcine tibias and bovine extensor tendons were used to simulate a transtibial ACL reconstruction in vitro. Load-to failure testing was carried out in 4 groups: control group ( n = 45): the guide pin was drilled at the center of the ACL footprint; group I, group II and group III ( n = 45, respectively): the guide pin was respectively drilled 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm away from the center of the ACL footprint. In the experimental groups, a small tunnel with a 4.5 mm reamer is made and the guide pin is shifted to the center of the footprint. All the reamed tibias were scanned by CT to measure the area of the tunnel in the footprint, and time-zero biomechanical properties were recorded. Results All graft-tibia complexes failed because the grafts slipped past the interference screws. Compare to control group, the ultimate load, yield load, and tunnel exit area in group III decreased significantly ( p < 0.05). Regarding to the ultimate load, yield load, tensile stiffness, twisting force and tunnel exit area, t-test showed no significant differences between control group and group I, group II respectively ( p > 0.05). Pearson test showed that tunnel exit area was negatively correlated with other characteristics ( p < 0.05). Conclusions Surgical adjustment of the guide pin to the center of the tibial footprint may have significant influence in time-zero biomechanical properties in anatomical anterior cruciate ligament single-bundle reconstruction when the adjusted tibial tunnel was significantly enlarged compare to the standard tibial tunnel.
Effect of sodium ligno-sulphonate on flammability of PET woven fabric
Authors: Basak Santanu , Waghmare Aditya , Gupta Deepanshu , Ali Wazed 
Published: January 2023

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polyester fabric has been treated with different concentrations of sodium lignin sulphonate (SLS), a lignin based sustainable flame retarding agent. Treated PET fabric has exhibited different chemical loading on its surface varying from 15 to 60% depending on the concentration used. Treated fabric has shown 40–70% more limiting oxygen index (LOI) value as compared to the control PET fabric. 200 g/L SLS treated PET fabric (with 35% chemical loading) has shown LOI value of 27. In addition to it, melt dripping property of all the treated PET fabrics have been found to be stopped with lower shrinkage during combustion, as observed from the UL94 test results. TG analysis of the said fabric has shown 20–25% more char mass retention and lower rate of weight loss as compared to the control one. Char morphology of the control and the treated fabric has also been examined in different magnifications and analyzed in detail. Forced combustion test of the sodium ligno-sulphonate treated PET fabric has revealed 82% lower peak heat release rate (PHRR) as compared to the control PET fabric with less amount of carbon monoxide liberation during burning. Besides, a possible mechanism lies behind the flame retardancy of the SLS treated PET fabric also has been expressed and discussed scientifically.