bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of lamination sequence and warhead shape on impact resistance of fiber‐metal laminates
Authors: Wei Gang , Hao Chenyu , Ai Jingyu , Feng Yan , Deng Yunfei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this work, the failure mode and ballistic protection capability of the carbon fiber aluminum alloy laminated target plate under the impact of high‐speed projectile body were studied by ballistic impact test. The effects of the lamination sequence and warhead shape difference on the impact resistance of the laminated aluminum alloy and carbon fiber laminates were analyzed. Two kinds of projectile bodies, flat and oval head, were used to carry out multiple high‐speed impact experiments on four groups of targets with different stacking sequences. By analyzing the result, it is found that the lamination sequence of the target plate has a significant effect on the anti‐impact performance only when the flat head projectile impacts, while the ovoid projectile has almost no effect. In the fiber‐metal composite configuration, the aluminum plate placed in front of the carbon fiber plate showed the best resistance to flat head bullet impact, the ballistic limit speed reached 135 m/s, and the overall impact resistance improved by up to 26% compared with other configurations. Unlike the shear failure caused by flat head projectile, ovoid projectile impact can cause serious tensile and tear damage. Based on the experimental results, it is clear that the laminated structure has better penetration resistance against the flat head projectile, and the placement of aluminum plate on the impact surface can change the failure mode of carbon fiber laminates and improve the energy absorption level of composite plates.Highlights
Unlike traditional fiber‐metal laminates, the target plate used in this experiment does not use adhesive, which makes the deformation of the two materials will not affect each other, which is conducive to the study of its own impact resistance.
The mechanical behavior and damage failure mode of the target plate under high speed impact load were studied.
The impact of ovoid projectile changes the damage failure mode of the target plate. For the configuration of fiber‐metal laminates, the ballistic limit value is as low as 100 m/s, and the energy absorption value fluctuates in the range of 145–190 J with the change of impact velocity.
Compared with ovoid projectile, laminated material has stronger impact resistance to flat head projectile.
The metal plate arranged on the impact surface can change the damage mode from shear failure to tensile failure, thus greatly improving the ballistic limit and impact resistance, overall impact resistance can be improved by up to 26%.
Fabrication of thermoresponsive micelles by functionalizing hydroxypropyl cellulose via azide‐alkyne click reaction
Authors: Wang Haoying , Wang Fangyu , Zhou Jinping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this work, we functionalized hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) by attaching tetraphenylethylene (TPE) via copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The obtained HPC‐TPE samples displayed water‐solubility, biocompatibility, fluorescence and thermoresponsive properties. The degree of substitution (DSTPE) of HPC‐TPE1 ~ 4 was determined to be 0.002, 0.006, 0.025, and 0.053, respectively. HPC‐TPE could self‐assemble into micelles in water with the hydrodynamic radius (Rh) ranging from 164 to 190 nm. Under different DSTPE, HPC‐TPE samples showed different lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behaviors in light transmittance, Rh and fluorescence. The critical transition temperatures in light transmittance for HPC‐TPE1 ~ 4 solutions were 55–49 °C during the heating process, and were 44–40 °C during the cooling process, respectively. Moreover, HPC‐TPE demonstrated a rapid and sensitive response to Fe3+ with ignoring interferences in the presence of other common metal ions, and could also be used to image 4T1 cells. Therefore, this work offered a general approach for the synthesis of functionalized polymers with promising applications in sensing and bioimaging.
ZnSSe Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide for Enhanced Photoelectric Properties
Authors: Deng Yifan , Lei Yun , Tang Zehui , Chen Jiong , Luo Linhui , Wang Yongqin , Li Can , Du Beibei , Wang Shiquan , Sun Zhengguang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractZSSG (ZnSSe/rGO) composites are prepared by a hydrothermal method. The structure, morphology and material properties are investigated by various tests. Compared to ZnSe, the diffraction peaks of ZnSSe are moved to a larger angle and located between cubic phase ZnSe and cubic phase ZnS. The photocurrent density of ZSSG20 with 20 wt.% graphene is 2.17×10−5 A cm−2, which is 8.9 times higher than that of pure ZnSSe. ZSSG20 has the minimum charge transfer resistance and highest carrier density. The decreased fluorescence intensity in PL spectra indicates that graphene can effectively prevent the recombination of electron‐hole pairs.
Chinese clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of radiation‐induced dermatitis
Authors: Fan Ming , Feng Mei , Yuan Shuanghu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRadiation‐induced dermatitis is one of the most prevalent complications in patients undergoing cancer radiotherapy and poses a significant challenge to cancer therapy. The symptoms include erythema, dry desquamation, and moist desquamation, which are frequently observed in patients with breast, head and neck, anal, and vulvar cancers. Early skin reactions typically manifest within 2–4 weeks following the initiation of radiotherapy. In severe cases, acute dermatitis can cause radiotherapy interruptions, prolong treatment time, and ultimately affect patient outcomes and quality of life. Currently, there are numerous guidelines on radiation dermatitis, including the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC), British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA), Oncology Nursing Society (ONS), and UK Society of Radiographers (SCoR) guidelines. In China, dermatology experts have drafted a consensus. However, due to the differing backgrounds of experts, recommendations among guidelines vary. These guidelines were first developed by Chinese radiation oncologists. The evidence‐based guideline in this paper fully considers and adopts China's national conditions; hence, it can be easily applied in daily practice.
Overcome the challenges of implementing safety instrumented systems for reactive processes
Authors: Roche Eloise , Summers Angela E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSafety instrumented systems (SISs) are generally used against process safety hazards with the potential to severely injure, or even kill, personnel or members of the public. Reactive processes are a common application for SISs due to the potential for significant energy release during the reaction, which tends to cause catastrophic rupture of the vessel. While some applications can address the reactive hazard by closing emergency block valves, others may require blowdowns, kill agents, and other complex response actions. The more that needs to be done to address the reaction, the more complicated the SIS, resulting in the need for more experienced process engineering involvement to get the design right. The protection layers allocated to manage the risk of reactive applications typically focus on the prevention of runaway reactions by ensuring that the temperature or pressure never reach an unsafe state. This seems straightforward, but reactive processes can respond to loss of control in ways that are more difficult to predict, so the specification of trip point, response time, and sensor architecture requires more analysis than typical SIS. This paper discusses some of the unique challenges posed by reactive applications and provides examples to illustrate how to overcome these challenges.
Interim decision making in seamless trial designs: An application in an adaptive dose‐finding study in a rare kidney disease
Authors: Papachristofi Olympia , Bornkamp Björn , Wright Melanie , Friede Tim 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAdaptive seamless trial designs, combining the learning and confirming cycles of drug development in a single trial, have gained popularity in recent years. Adaptations may include dose selection, sample size re‐estimation and enrichment of the study population. Despite methodological advances and recognition of the potential efficiency gains such designs offer, their implementation, including how to enable efficient decision making on the adaptations in interim analyzes, remains a key challenge in their adoption.This manuscript uses a case study of an adaptive seamless proof‐of‐concept (Phase 2a)/dose‐finding (Phase 2b) to showcase potential adaptive features that can be implemented in trial designs at earlier development stages and the role of simulations in assessing the design operating characteristics and specifying the decision rules for the adaptations. It further outlines the elements needed to support successful interim analysis decision making on the adaptations while safeguarding study integrity, including the role of different stakeholders, interactive simulation‐based tools to facilitate decision making and operational aspects requiring preplanning. The benefits of the adaptive Phase 2a/2b design chosen compared to following the traditional two separate studies (2a and 2b) paradigm are discussed.With careful planning and appreciation of their complexity and components needed for their implementation, seamless adaptive designs have the potential to yield significant savings both in terms of time and resources.
Clinical significance of lung cross‐sectional area measured by computed tomography in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: The correlation with pulmonary hemodynamics and the limitations
Authors: Kuriyama Ayaka , Kasai Hajime , Sugiura Toshihiko , Nagata Jun , Naito Akira , Sekine Ayumi , Shigeta Ayako , Sakao Seiichiro , Ishida Keiichi , Matsumiya Goro , Tanabe Nobuhiro , Suzuki Takuji 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe percentage cross‐sectional area of the lung under five (%CSA<5) is the percentage of pulmonary vessels with <5 mm2 area relative to the total lung area on computed tomography (CT). The extent that %CSA<5 is related to pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is unclear, as is the effect of pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) on %CSA<5. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of %CSA<5 in patients with CTEPH. We studied 98 patients (64 females, mean age 62.5 ± 11.9 years), who underwent CT with %CSA<5 measurement and right heart catheterization (RHC). Patients were classified into groups based on eligibility for PEA. We compared the %CSA<5 with pulmonary hemodynamics measured by RHC in various groups. In 38 patients who underwent PEA, the relationship between %CSA<5 and pulmonary hemodynamics was also evaluated before and after PEA. Significant correlations between %CSA<5 and pulmonary vascular resistance, and compliance, and pulmonary artery pulse pressure were observed in all patients. Pulmonary hemodynamics in the patients who underwent or were eligible for PEA showed a significant correlation with %CSA<5. Additionally, %CSA<5 was significantly lower in the postoperative than in the preoperative group. There was no correlation between changes in %CSA<5 and pulmonary hemodynamics before and after PEA. Furthermore, %CSA<5 did not correlate significantly with prognosis. %CSA<5 may reflect pulmonary hemodynamics in CTEPH with central thrombosis. Furthermore, %CSA<5 was reduced by PEA postoperatively. However, %CSA<5 is not a prognostic indicator, its clinical usefulness in CTEPH patients is limited, and further validation is required.
Attraction and passage efficiency for salmonids and non‐salmonids based on fishway: A meta‐analysis approach
Authors: Sun Junjian , Tan Junjun , Zhang Qi , Shen Yinting , Shi Jiayue , Zhang Hui , Shi Xiaotao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGlobally, fishways perform better when the target fish species are salmonids rather than non‐salmonids. In the past few decades, engineers and dam managers have attempted to identify an ideal fishway type that can fit all migratory orders. To determine a general rule for selecting fishway types, we classified all fish orders into two groups (salmonids and non‐salmonids) and analyzed the effect of different fishway types (i.e., nature‐like [NL], vertical slot [VS], pool and weir [PW], and denil [DL]) on upstream migration for both groups by conducting a meta‐analysis based on data from 64 studies of 76 fishways. The fishway performance was presented in terms of attraction efficiency (AE) and passage efficiency (PE). The results of a random‐effects model, including 257 and 299 estimates of AE and PE, respectively, showed fishway types only had a significant effect on AE for non‐salmonids. Technical fishways had a higher AE than NL fishways for salmonids, but were not applicable to non‐salmonids. The passage results of four fishway types indicated that the PW fishways exhibited the best performance for salmonids, but the poorest performance for non‐salmonids. Only DL fishways had a PE of over 50% for non‐salmonids, whereas all fishway types had that of over 60% for salmonids. Variations in the slope and length of VS fishways could significantly affect PE for both groups, however, the phenomenon for salmonids disappeared when merging all fishway types. Elevation changes had a significant effect only on the condition that salmonids passed through VS fishways. The results of this study play an important role in designing appropriate fishway types for different downstream fish fauna and can be better generalized by complementing quantitative evaluation studies of various fishways as much as possible.
The tangled webs we weave: Examining the effects of CEO deception on analyst recommendations
Authors: Hyde Steven J. , Bachura Eric , Bundy Jonathan , Gretz Richard T. , Sanders Wm. Gerard 
Published: September 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryOrganizations are punished by analysts and investors when material deceit by their CEO is uncovered. However, few studies examine analysts' responses to deceptive CEOs before their deceit is publicly known. We use machine learning (ML) models to operationalize the likelihood of CEO deception as well as analysts' suspicion of CEO deception on earnings calls. Controlling for analysts' suspicion of deception, we show that analysts are prone to assigning superior recommendations to deceptive CEOs, particularly those deemed as All‐Star analysts. We find that the benefits of CEO deception are lower for habitual deceivers, pointing to diminishing returns of deception. This study contributes to corporate governance research by enhancing our understanding of analysts' reactions to CEO deception prior to public exposure of any fraud or misconduct.Managerial SummaryUndetected deception by CEOs can impact the stock market by influencing analysts' recommendations. Using an advanced ML model, our study measures the likelihood of deception more accurately than previous methods and identifies a tendency among financial analysts to favor deceptive CEOs, particularly high‐status analysts. However, deception is less effective with analysts who are repeatedly exposed to deception. These findings underscore the importance of awareness of potential deception in CEO communications and the need for continuous scrutiny, learning, and adaptability among analysts.
3D Bioprinting of Diatom‐Laden Living Materials for Water Quality Assessment
Authors: Boons Rani , Siqueira Gilberto , Grieder Florian , Kim Soo‐Jeong , Giovanoli Diego , Zimmermann Tanja , Nyström Gustav , Coulter Fergal B. , Studart André R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDiatoms have long been used as living biological indicators for the assessment of water quality in lakes and rivers worldwide. While this approach benefits from the great diversity of these unicellular algae, established protocols are time‐consuming and require specialized equipment. Here, this work 3D prints diatom‐laden hydrogels that can be used as a simple multiplex bio‐indicator for water assessment. The hydrogel‐based living materials are created with the help of a desktop extrusion‐based printer using a suspension of diatoms, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and alginate as bio‐ink constituents. Rheology and mechanical tests are employed to establish optimum bio‐ink formulations, whereas cell culture experiments are utilized to evaluate the proliferation of the entrapped diatoms in the presence of selected water contaminants. Bioprinting of diatom‐laden hydrogels is shown to be an enticing approach to generate living materials that can serve as low‐cost bio‐indicators for water quality assessment.
Constructing Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Hierarchy Structure Derived from Metal‐Organic Framework as High‐Performance ORR Cathode Material for Zn‐Air Battery
Authors: Pan Yangdan , Gao Junkuo , Li Yuwen , Lv Enjun , Khan Usman , Yang Xiaogang , Yao Juming , Nairan Adeela , Zhang Qichun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe development of efficient and low‐cost catalysts for cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in Zn‐air battery (ZAB) is a key factor in reducing costs and achieving industrialization. Here, a novel segregated CoNiPt alloy embedded in N‐doped porous carbon with a nanoflowers (NFs)‐like hierarchy structure is synthesized through pyrolyzing Hofmann‐type metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs). The unique hierarchical NFs structure exposes more active sites and facilitates the transportation of reaction intermediates, thus accelerating the reaction kinetics. Impressively, the resulting 15% CoNiPt@C NFs catalyst exhibits outstanding alkaline ORR activity with a half‐wave potential of 0.93 V, and its mass activity is 7.5 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C catalyst, surpassing state‐of‐the‐art noble metal‐based catalysts. Furthermore, the assembled CoNiPt@C+RuO2 ZAB demonstrates a maximum power density of 172 mW cm−2, which is superior to that of commercial Pt/C+RuO2 ZAB. Experimental results reveal that the intrinsic ORR mass activity is attributed to the synergistic interaction between oxygen defects and pyrrolic/graphitic N species, which optimizes the adsorption energy of the intermediate species in the ORR process and greatly enhances catalytic activity. This work provides a practical and feasible strategy for synthesizing cost‐effective alkaline ORR catalysts by optimizing the electronic structure of MOF‐derived catalysts.
In situ and General Multidentate Ligand Passivation Achieves Efficient and Ultra‐Stable CsPbX3 Perovskite Quantum Dots for White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Liu Yongfeng , Shao Xiuwen , Gao Zhaoju , Xie Qingyu , Ying Yupeng , Zhu Xiaolin , Pan Zhangcheng , Yang Jinpeng , Lin Hao , Tang Xiaosheng , Chen Weiwei , Pei Wei , Tu Yusong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInorganic CsPbX3 perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) show great potential in white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) due to excellent optoelectronic properties, but their practical application is hampered by low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and especially poor stability. Herein, we developed an in‐situ and general multidentate ligand passivation strategy that allows for CsPbX3 PeQDs not only near‐unit PLQY, but significantly improved stability against storage, heat, and polar solvent. The enhanced optical property arises from high effectiveness of the multidentate ligand, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) with five carboxyl groups, in passivating uncoordinated Pb2+ defects and suppressing nonradiative recombination. First‐principles calculations reveal that the excellent stability is attributed to tridentate binding mode of DTPA that remarkably boosts the adsorption capacity to PeQD core. Finally, combining the green and red PeQDs with blue chip, we demonstrated highly luminous WLEDs with distinctly enhanced operation stability, a wide color gamut of 121.3% of national television system committee, standard white light of (0.33,0.33) in CIE 1931, and tunable color temperatures from warm to cold white light readily by emitters’ ratio. This study provides an operando yet general approach to achieve efficient and stable PeQDs for WLEDs and accelerates their progress to commercialization.
Phenotypic correlates of genetic divergence suggest at least three species in the complex of Dianthus virgineus (Caryophyllaceae)
Authors: Gargano Domenico , Franzoni Jacopo , Luqman Hirzi , Fior Simone , Rovito Simone , Peruzzi Lorenzo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDianthus virgineus encompasses a very complex taxonomic group (traditionally called D. sylvestris group) including an array of units of doubtful taxonomic rank and value. Recent work identified three genetic lineages within this complex that showed strong genetic isolation, and clear geographical boundaries (i.e., “Alpine”, “Balkan”, and “Apennine” lineages). We evaluated the contribution of 33 morphological characters in differentiating such genetic units, by also investigating the effect of geographical and ecological drivers on the characters showing major discriminating power. The morphological measures were taken from a large number of populations (N = 97) included in the sample used for detecting the three genetic lineages. Our work reveals that these lineages can be morphologically discriminated by a series of character‐states that are traditionally considered of relevant taxonomical value. We also inferred a significant geographical and ecological effect on most characters, which varied gradually with latitude, longitude, and mean annual temperature. Overall, our data suggest that the three biological units can be referred to D. inodorus (L.) Gaertn. (“Alpine” lineage), D. sylvestris Wulfen (“Balkan” lineage), and D. virgineus L. s.str. (“Apennine” lineage). We also provide an identification key to discriminate these three taxa.
Recent Developments on Electroactive Organic Electrolytes for Non‐Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries: Current Status, Challenges, and Prospects
Authors: Mansha Muhammad , Anam Aqsa , Akram Khan Safyan , Saeed Alzahrani Atif , Khan Majad , Ahmad Aziz , Arshad Muhammad , Ali Shahid 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe ever‐increasing threat of climate change and the depletion of fossil fuel resources necessitate the use of solar‐ and wind‐based renewable energy sources. Large‐scale energy storage technologies, such as redox flow batteries (RFBs), offer a continuous supply of energy. Depending on the nature of the electrolytes used, RFBs are broadly categorized into aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) and non‐aqueous redox flow batteries (NARFBs). ARFBs suffer from various problems, including low conductivity of electrolytes, inferior charge/discharge current densities, high‐capacity fading, and lower energy densities. NARFBs offer a wider potential window and range of operating temperatures, faster electron transfer kinetics, and higher energy densities. In this review article, a critical analysis is provided on the design of organic electroactive molecules, their physiochemical/electrochemical properties, and various organic solvents used in NARFBs. Furthermore, various redox‐active organic materials, such as metal‐based coordination complexes, quinones, radicals, polymers, and miscellaneous electroactive species, explored for NARFBs during 2012–2023 are discussed. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of NARFBs are summarized.