bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting saturated hydraulic conductivity from particle size distributions using machine learning
Authors: de Rijk Valerie , Buma Jelle , Veldkamp Hans , Zech Alraune 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Estimating saturated hydraulic conductivity
$$K_f$$
from particle size distributions (PSD) is very common with empirical formulas, while the use of machine learning for that purpose is not yet widely established. We evaluate the predictive power of six machine learning algorithms, including tree-based, regression-based and network-based methods in estimating
$$K_f$$
from the PSD solely. We use a dataset of 4600 samples from the shallow Dutch subsurface for training and testing. The extensive dataset provides not only PSD, but also measured conductivities from permeameter tests. Besides training and testing on the entire data set, we apply the six algorithms to data subsets for the soil types sand, silt and clay. We further test different feature/target-variable combinations such as reducing the input to PSD-derived grain diameters
$$d_{10}$$
,
$$d_{50}$$
and
$$d_{60}$$
or estimating porosity from PSD. We test feature importance and compare results to
$$K_f$$
estimates from a selection of empirical formulas. We find that all algorithm can estimate
$$K_f$$
from PSD at high accuracy (up to
$$R^2/NSE$$
of 0.89 for testing data and 0.98 for the entire data set) and outperform empirical formulas. Particularly, tree-based algorithms are well suited and robust. Reducing information in the feature variables to grain diameters works well for predicting
$$K_f$$
of sandy samples, but is less robust for silt and clay rich samples.
$$d_{10}$$
also shows to be the most influential feature here. An interesting, but not surprising outcome is that PSD is not a suitable predictor for porosity. Overall, our results confirm that machine learning algorithms are a powerful tool for determining
$$K_f$$
from PSD. This is promising for applications to e.g. deep-drilling data sets or low-effort and robust
$$K_f$$
-estimation of single samples.
Scan/rescan reliability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Authors: Barim Menekse Salar , Capanoglu M. Fehmi , Sesek Richard F. , Gallagher Sean , Schall Mark C. , Beyers Ronald J. , Davis Gerard A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used to estimate the geometric dimensions of lower lumbar vertebrae. While MRI-based measurements have demonstrated good reliability with interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of 0.80 or higher, many evaluations focus solely on the comparison of identical MRI images. This
approach primarily reflects analyst dexterity and does not assess the reliability of the entire process, including imaging and image selection.

Objective
To evaluate the inter- and intra-rater reliability of the entire process of using MRI to measure biomechanically relevant lumbar spinal characteristics, incorporating imaging, image selection, and analysis. Methods: A dataset of 144 low-back MRI scans was analyzed. Reliability assessments were performed under different conditions: (1) identical scans rated by the same analyst at different times (intra-rater reliability) and (2) distinct scans of the same subject obtained by different MRI operators and analyzed by different analysts (inter-rater
reliability). Mean absolute differences in measurements were calculated, and sources of variability, such as breathing artifacts, were noted.

Results
Larger discrepancies were observed when comparing distinct scans analyzed by different MRI operators and analysts. In the “worst-case” scenario, where both the MRI operator and analyst differed, a 4.05% mean absolute difference was noted for anterior endplate measurements. This was higher than the 2.76% difference observed when analysts re-rated their own scans after one month. Despite these discrepancies, the variability in measurements was relatively low and primarily attributed to factors like breathing artifacts.

Conclusion
The process of using MRI to derive biomechanical measures, particularly for bony structures, demonstrates robust reliability. Variability in measurements is minimal even under challenging conditions, supporting the use of MRI for biomechanical assessments.
Quantum chemical study of molecular properties of small branched-chain amino acids in water
Authors: Boča Roman , Rádiková Žofia , Štofko Juraj , Vranovičová Beata , Rajnák Cyril 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Four aliphatic amino acids—α-aminobutyric acid (AABA), β-aminobutyric acid (BABA), α-aminoisobutyric acid (AAIBA) and β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) were investigated in water as a solvent by two quantum chemical methods. B3LYP hybrid version of DFT was used for geometry optimization and a full vibrational analysis of neutral molecules, their cations and anions in the canonical and zwitterionic forms (6 forms for each species). Ab initio DLPNO-CCSD(T) method was applied in the geometry pre-optimized by B3LYP. Calculated molecular descriptors involve dipole moment, quadrupole moment, dipole polarizability, energy of zero-point vibration and total entropic term which enter the standard Gibbs energy. In addition, a set of collective electronic and thermodynamic properties associated with redox process were evaluated: ionization energy, electron affinity, chemical hardness, molecular electronegativity, electrophilicity index, absolute oxidation and reduction potentials. A mutual comparison of these structural isomers including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shows high degree of similarity in molecular descriptors. However, cluster analysis of 12 electro neutral, linear and branched amino acids with 2 – 6 carbon atoms discriminates them into five clusters. It is found that the electrophilicity index correlates with the absolute reduction potential along a straight line (24 items). The reduction potential for canonical structure varies between 1.21 V (glycine) and 1.45 V (AABA) whereas for the zwitterionic form it is visibly lower 0.52–1.11 V. The highest absolute reduction potential > 1.43 V is shown by α-amino acids: α-alanine, AABA (homoalanine) and AAIBA having 2-methyl or 2-ethyl functional group. The calculated absolute oxidation potential correlates with the adiabatic ionization energy and can be used as a criterion of the antioxidant capacity. According to thermodynamic data, the SPLET mechanism of the electron-proton coupled transfer is favored over the alternative SET-PT mechanism. This work contributes to the creation of a database of molecular properties of amino acids based on the same method and basis set.
The impact of socioeconomic status on glioma survival: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Söderlund Maria , Almqvist Carl , Sjöström Olle , Dahlin Anna M. , Sjöström Sara , Numan Hellquist Barbro , Melin Beatrice , Sandström Maria 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Although sociodemographic factors such as socioeconomic status (SES), travel time to health care, cohabitation status, and region of residence are observed to influence incidence and survival for several types of cancers, it is unclear whether similar effects have been observed in patients with glioma. This study investigates whether these factors affect survival for glioma patients.

Methods
In this retrospective study, the Swedish National Quality Registry for Brain Tumors was used to identify 1,276 patients with glioma WHO grade I–IV for whom data were deposited between 2009 and 2013. The RISK North database, which links data from the National Cancer Quality Register with citizen demographic data from the Longitudinal Integration Database for Health Insurance and Labor Market Studies (LISA), the Total Population Registry (TPR), and the Geography Database (GD), was utilized to assess survival in patients with glioma in relation to education level, cohabitation status, travel time to regional hospitals, and region of residence.

Results
In the multivariable analysis, longer survival was observed among WHO grade III-IV glioma patients with higher education level (middle school (ref) HR: 1, high school HR: 0.81 CI [0.67–0.98], p = 0.033; university/college HR: 0.81 CI [0.66–1.00], p = 0.048). Survival was not associated with travel time, cohabitation status, or region of residence in the multivariable survival analysis.

Conclusion
Low education level was associated with reduced survival for patients with glioma WHO grade III and IV in multivariable survival analyses, but no differences in survival were found in relation to travel time, cohabitation status, or region of residence.
Ml assisted techniques in power side channel analysis for trojan classification
Authors: Bhatta Niraj Prasad , Amsaad Fathi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hardware Trojans (HTs) are one of the emerging malicious hardware modification attacks that have become a critical threat to the integrity, reliability, security, and trustworthiness of integrated circuits (ICs) applications. These deliberately hidden malicious entities can be inserted into the IC during manufacturing or design, potentially leading to the leakage of secret information or the deactivation or destruction of the entire system that relies on the IC hardware chips. Localizing and detecting hardware Trojans is becoming increasingly challenging as these threats are deeply embedded and electronic systems continue to grow in complexity. Traditional methods, including physical inspections and functional testing, are increasingly inadequate. They are limited in scope and often fall short when confronted with the advanced designs of modern hardware Trojans.This study aims to improve the identification of hardware Trojans (HTs) in integrated circuits by using advanced machine learning algorithms with a unique dataset of power side-channel signals. Various machine learning techniques, such as Support Vector Machines (SVM), neural networks, and decision trees, are applied to classify and identify HTs accurately. This method combines comprehensive feature extraction and model validation to provide high accuracy and reliability in HT identification. This research makes significant contributions to cybersecurity by providing improved techniques for detecting minor anomalies associated with HTs using advanced machine learning algorithms. The results show potential advances in securing electronic systems against these hidden threats, highlighting the practical significance and necessity of our work in maintaining a wide range of applications from consumer electronics to national infrastructure.
The Control of “Wandering Women:” The Legacy of Vagrancy Laws in the Contemporary Governance of Migrant Sex Work
Authors: Vuolajärvi Niina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper traces the contemporary governance of migrant sex work to early vagrancy laws aimed at controlling poor mobile populations and people not engaging in ‘honest’ labor. The paper argues that these notions of dishonest labor are still visible in the contemporary crimmigration controls. It uses a legal analysis of the development of prostitution and immigration laws together with ethnographic research in the Nordic region as a case study to develop an argument on the bifurcated regulation of domestic and foreign sex work and its roots in the vagrancy laws. It makes the case that with the influx of migrants into the sex trade since the 1990s the governance of commercial sex has shifted from prostitution policies to immigration controls.
Ethnobotanical uses of traditional African vegetables among three selected villages of Madibeng Local Municipality, South Africa
Authors: Mpolokeng Tswelelopele Gobitsaone , Mokgau Keloabetswe , Nko Keamogela Innocentia , Asong John Awungnji , Struwig Madeleen , Aremu Adeyemi Oladapo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Traditional African vegetables have been an integral part of the local diet and traditional medicine practices for generations. However, with the increasing influence of modernisation and urbanisation, the knowledge and utilisation of traditional African vegetables have been gradually diminishing. This study investigated the indigenous knowledge and cultural significance of locally sourced leafy vegetables among households in three selected villages (Jericho, Bethanie, and Maboloka) within the Madibeng Local Municipality, North West Province, South Africa. A mixed method was used for data collection. A representative sample of households in the selected villages was obtained using snowball sampling. A total of 33 participants were interviewed from the three selected villages. The results revealed 11 traditional African vegetables consumed among the selected villages. The most common vegetables were Amaranthus hybridus L. (82%), Cucurbita maxima Duchesne ex Lam. (70%), Cleome gynandra L. (70%), and Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. vulgaris (60%). The utilisation of leafy vegetables was driven by factors such as health benefits, affordability, and cultural traditions. Furthermore, traditional knowledge and practices regarding the cultivation, harvesting, and preparation of leafy vegetables are still prevalent in these villages. Participants emphasised the importance of passing down this knowledge to future generations to ensure the continued utilisation and preservation of leafy vegetables. It was evident that traditional African vegetables remained an integral part of the diet in the selected villages of Madibeng Local Municipality. The cultural significance and traditional knowledge associated with these vegetables play a vital role in their utilisation.
Assessment of genetic diversity by multivariate analysis in Turkish Hawthorn (Crataegus azarolus) genetic resources
Authors: Uzun Aydın , Pinar Hasan , Yaman Mehmet , Çakiroğlu Yaşar , Karakaya Arif , Uysal Mehmet , Keleş Hakan , Öztürk Gökhan , Emre Recep Ali , Kaçal Emel , Aydinli Melih , Akol Süleyman 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Due to its diverse climatic conditions, Türkiye provides a suitable environment for the cultivation of many fruit species. This study focused on natural hawthorn (Crataegus azarolus), one of these fruit species, to select 94 different hawthorn genotypes collected from natural populations in Türkiye and determine their molecular and morphological characteristics. A significant variation was observed among the hawthorn genotypes in terms of the analyzed traits. According to the results of the molecular study using the inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker system, 178 polymorphic bands were obtained from 12 different primers (Invitrogen Life Technologies, USA), and the polymorphism rate was determined to be 100%. The similarity index for the genotypes ranged from 0.40 to 0.93, and the genotypes were completely differentiated from one another. In terms of fruit characteristics, there was considerable variation among the genotypes: fruit width ranged from 8.96 mm (genotype 72) to 29.75 mm (genotype 101), fruit length ranged from 9.19 mm (genotype 72) to 24.86 mm (genotype 101), and fruit weight ranged from 0.45 to 12.42 g. This study provides a foundation for developing hawthorn genotypes that will offer high productivity while conserving water and soil resources in arid and semi-arid regions by revealing the degree of genetic variation and the morphological characteristics of hawthorn genetic resources adapted to different ecological conditions in Türkiye. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that genotypes with superior traits can be utilized as genetic material in hawthorn breeding programs, medical research, and the development of new cultivars.
An exploration of tensions amongst career guidance practitioners when it comes to the conceptualisation of digital technology
Authors: Staunton Tom 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study explores the experiences of career practitioners delivering career guidance using digital technology during the coronavirus pandemic 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This explored how practitioners experienced and understood using digital technology to deliver career guidance and how this interacted with their professional identities. This research made use of a Bakhtinian analytical approach to draw out tensions. Particular focus was paid to tensions and debates between practitioners where career guidance practitioners presented different and contradictory understandings of using digital technology. The study highlighted tensions relating to access, working alliances and interactivity and how these related to different understandings of embodiment and agency.
The Influence of School Climate, Family Acceptance, and Minority Stress on Sexual Minority Adolescents’ Subjective Wellbeing
Authors: Weeks Sean N. , Renshaw Tyler L. , Lefevor G. Tyler 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The present study investigated school climate and family acceptance as two factors for reducing the minority stress that predicts sexual minority adolescents’ mental health broadly, and specifically in each environment. The current study investigated two analog mediational models examining the pathways of school climate and family acceptance on global life satisfaction (Model 1) and the subdomains of family and school satisfaction (Model 2), through minority stress. Based on reports from a sample of 293 sexual minority adolescents in the United States, results showed minority stress partially mediated the relationship between school climate and family acceptance on global life satisfaction (p < 0.001), sharing a direct effect with school climate (p = 0.006). School climate stood out as the stronger and more consistent predictor of global, family, and school satisfaction. These results suggest that addressing minority stress in schools through various levels of intervention could influence life satisfaction overall, in school, and at home by reducing minority stress. Limitations and potential implications for practice are discussed within a multitiered mental health service delivery framework in schools.
In-situ evaluation of hole quality and cutting tool condition in robotic drilling of composite materials using machine learning
Authors: Lee Stephen K. H. , Mongan Patrick G. , Farhadi Ahmad , Hinchy Eoin P. , O’Dowd Noel P. , McCarthy Conor T. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The massive adoption of industrial robots in the manufacturing sector has significantly increased automation of installation and inspection procedures, particularly benefiting the aerospace industry, where large volumes of holes are drilled in each aircraft. However, mechanical drilling remains challenging when dealing with composite materials due to their inherently heterogeneous structure. This work presents a novel approach for in-situ hole quality inspection utilising integrated sensor data of an industrial robotic drill, combined with a machine learning model. Additionally, a novel classification approach for evaluating hole quality is proposed. This study employed a KUKA industrial robot, fitted with a multifunctional end-effector, to drill holes in a composite material used in aerospace applications. An ensemble neural network (ENN) model, which combines an artificial neural network with a genetic algorithm, was used to assess the quality of these drilled holes. The model was specifically developed and tested on the machined holes to relate process input parameters and drilling torques to hole quality. The model predictions were validated with six unseen datasets, of which five were predicted accurately. A full factorial study of the process parameters was conducted using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to investigate the relationship between tool condition and drilling torque. The results of the ANOVA show that tool condition is the largest contributor to drilling torque. The method proposed in this work, which allows real-time monitoring of hole quality, has the potential to improve manufacturing productivity of drilled components while ensuring high-quality end products.
Tumor microenvironment noise-induced polarization: the main challenge in macrophages’ immunotherapy for cancer
Authors: Sierra Jesus , de León Ugo Avila-Ponce , Padilla-Longoria Pablo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Disturbance of epigenetic processes can lead to altered gene function and malignant cellular transformation. In particular, changes in the epigenetic landscape are a central topic in cancer biology. The initiation and progression of cancer are now recognized to involve both epigenetic and genetic alterations. In this paper, we study the epigenetic mechanism (related to the tumor microenvironment) responsible for increasing tumor-associated macrophages that promote the occurrence and metastasis of tumor cells, support tumor angiogenesis, inhibit T-cell-mediated anti-tumor immune response, and lead to tumor progression. We show that the tumor benefits from the macrophages’ high degree of plasticity and larger epigenetic basins corresponding to phenotypes that favor cancer development through a process that we call noise-induced polarization. Moreover, we propose a mechanism to promote the appropriate epigenetic stability for immunotherapies involving macrophages, which includes p53 and APR-246 (eprenetapopt). Our results show that a combination therapy may be necessary to ensure the proper epigenetic stability of macrophages, which otherwise will contribute to cancer progression. On the other hand, we conclude that macrophages may remain in the anti-tumoral state in types of cancer that exhibit less TP53 mutation, like colorectal cancer; in these cases, macrophages’ immunotherapy may be more suitable. We finally mention the relevance of the epigenetic potential (Waddington’s landscape) as the backbone for our study, which encapsulates the biological information of the system.
What is 4E cognitive science?
Authors: Alexander Cameron 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The 4E approach in (philosophy of) cognitive science—based on ideas that the mind is embodied, embedded, extended, and enacted—is so diverse that it defies straightforward explanation. This paper considers the most ecumenical explanation of the extant concept of the 4E approach. Purported explanations of 4E based on contested definitions of cognition, contrasts with non-4E approaches, or essential and unifying features (including embodiment) either fail to capture the correct extension for the concept of 4E or lead to incoherence. The incoherence is generated by a failure to abide by several desiderata for non-revisionist conceptual explanations: informativeness, non-contentiousness, and identification of any unifying features if they exist. By contrast, a family resemblance conception of 4E constrained by ties of historical influence satisfies these desiderata. The 4E approach should be understood as a set of family resemblances of overlapping ideas, hypotheses, theories and conceptual frameworks about the mind, as well as methods for its study. The family resemblances span several dimensions, including but not limited to a rejection of dualism, non-representational explanations of the mind, phenomenological methods, the importance of embodiment, a dynamical systems perspective, and an evolutionary perspective on the mind. This family resemblance conception is complemented by a historical dimension: the concept of 4E cognitive science emerged in the period following the cognitive revolution of the 1950s. The advantages of this explanation are that it abides by the established use of ‘4E’, explains 4E’s apparent diversity, and warns against reductive explanations.