bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sistem monitoring siswa bermasalah berbasis web di smp insan cendekia arrasyid
Authors: Dede Herman Muhamad Herman Gozali , Dwi Sartika Simatupang  
Published: December 2022

Sekolah merupakan sebuah lembaga yang dirancang untuk pengajaran siswa atau murid di bawah pengawasan pendidik atau guru. Judul dan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Untuk memudahkan pemantauan dan pendataan siswa SMP Insan Cendekia Arrasyid yang bermasalah, dengan dibuatkan suatu sistem. Sistem tersebut merupakan suatu fasilitas web yang akan dirancang untuk mendata siswa yang bermasalah dengan mengakumulasikan bobot pelanggaran siswa yang kemudian akan ditindak lanjuti sesuai dengan jenis pelanggarannya, dan juga bersifat langsung online / realtime dan dapat dipantau dari jarak jauh karena terkoneksi langsung dengan internet baik oleh Kepala Sekolah, Guru, bahkan oleh semua wali siswa tersebut, sebagai bahan pertimbangan oleh siswa untuk meminimalisir jenis pelanggaran dan permasalahan apapun di sekolah, serta membantu Wakil Ketua Bagian Kesiswaan dalam melakukan aktifitasnya. Berdasarkan masalah tersebut, maka terdapat rumusan masalah yaitu Bagaimana merancang dan membangun sistem Monitoring Siswa Bermasalah Berbasis Web di SMP Insan Cendekia Arrasyid ? Metode yang digunakan adalah metode waterfall (air terjun) atau disebut dengan model Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) atau Siklus Hidup Pengembangan Sistem yang merupakan proses pembuatan dan pengembangan perangkat lunak (software) yang bersifat serial yang dimulai dari proses perencanaan, analisa, desain, dan implementasi pada sistem.
Web-based monitoring system for troubled students at insan cendekia arrasyid junior high school
Abstract
School is an institution designed for teaching of students under the supervision of educators or teachers. This title and research aims to facilitate the monitoring and data collection of problematic Insan Cendekia Arrasyid JuniorHigh School students, by making a system. The system is a web facility that will be designed to register students with problems by accumulating the weight of student violations which will be followed up according to the type of violation, and it is also online / realtime and can be monitored remotely because it is connected to the internet either by the Principal Schools, teachers, even by all the parents of these students, as consideration by students to minimize any types of violations and problems at school, as well as assisting the Vice Chair of the Student Affairs Section in carrying out their activities. Based on these problems, so there a problem formulation is How to design and build a Web-Based Monitoring System for Troubled Students at SMP Insan Cendekia Arrasyid? The method used is the waterfall method or called the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) model which is the process of making and developing software which is serial starting from the planning, analysis, design, and implementation on the system.
Observational Constraints on Direct Electron Heating in the Hot Accretion Flows in Sgr A* and M87*
Authors: Xie Fu-Guo , Narayan Ramesh , Yuan Feng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An important parameter in the theory of hot accretion flows around black holes is δ, which describes the fraction of “viscously” dissipated energy in the accretion flow that goes directly into heating electrons. For a given mass accretion rate, the radiative efficiency of a hot accretion flow is determined by δ. Unfortunately, the value of δ is hard to determine from first principles. The recent Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration (EHTC) results on M87* and Sgr A* provide us with a different way of constraining δ. By combining the mass accretion rates in M87* and Sgr A* estimated by the EHTC with the measured bolometric luminosities of the two sources, we derive good constraints on the radiative efficiencies of the respective accretion flows. In parallel, we use a theoretical model of hot magnetically arrested disks (MADs) to calculate the expected radiative efficiency as a function of δ (and accretion rate). By comparing the EHTC-derived radiative efficiencies with the theoretical results from MAD models, we find that Sgr A* requires δ ≳ 0.3. A similar comparison in the case of M87* gives inconclusive results as there is still a large uncertainty in the accretion rate in this source.
The First Flare Observation with a New Solar Microwave Spectrometer Working in 35–40 GHz
Authors: Yan Fabao , Wu Zhao , Shang Ziqian , Wang Bing , Zhang Lei , Chen Yao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The microwave spectrum contains valuable information about solar flares. Yet, the present spectral coverage is far from complete and broad data gaps exist above 20 GHz. Here we report the first flare (the X2.2 flare on 2022 April 20) observation of the newly built Chashan Broadband Solar millimeter spectrometer (CBS) working from 35 to 40 GHz. We use the CBS data of the new Moon to calibrate, and the simultaneous NoRP data at 35 GHz to cross-calibrate. The impulsive stage has three local peaks with the middle one being the strongest and the maximum flux density reaches ∼9300 solar flux unit at 35–40 GHz. The spectral index of the CBS data (α
C) for the major peak is mostly positive, indicating the gyrosynchrotron turnover frequency (ν

t
) goes beyond 35–40 GHz. The frequency ν

t
is smaller yet still larger than 20 GHz for most of the other two peaks according to the spectral fittings with NoRP-CBS data. The CBS index manifests the general rapid-hardening-then-softening trend for each peak and gradual hardening during the decay stage, agreeing with the fitted optically thin spectral index (α
tn) for ν

t
< 35 GHz. In addition, the obtained turnover frequency (ν

t
) during the whole impulsive stage correlates well with the corresponding intensity (I

t
) according to a power-law dependence (

I

t

∝

ν

t

4.8

) with a correlation coefficient of 0.82. This agrees with earlier studies on flares with low turnover frequency (≤17 GHz), yet it is being reported for the first time for events with a high turnover frequency (≥20 GHz).
Studies in Anaphylaxis
Authors: Weil Richard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Theoretical Discussion. The starting point of the preceding studies was the observation that antigen and antibody had been found to coexist in reactive form in the body. Eisenberg's observation seemed to furnish a striking analogy to this phenomenon in the test-tube. With the changed interpretation of this observation, its value as an analogy disappears. Hence, it again becomes of interest to inquire whether the studies on equilibrium in precipitation have shed any further light on the problem of coexistence of antigen and antibody in the body.
If the preceding data be analyzed, it is evident in the first place that in the form of precipitate antigen and antibody can coexist as independently demonstrable entities, although in combination. Coexistence in such a state, namely, as precipitate, is, of course, hardly comparable with coexistence in the blood, or within the cells. It has been shown that in solution precipitin and precipitinogen cannot coexist without undergoing combination and precipitation.
Complement Fixation in Varicella
Authors: Kolmer John A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As one attack of varicella usually confers an active immunity for the balance of life it is probable that antibodies to the virus persist for long periods of time in the body fluids. Few persons possess a natural immunity to this disease as the majority of those escaping infection in childhood contract the disease later in life.
Clinical experience and experimental data indicate quite conclusively that the virus of this disease is present in the skin lesions as in variola; while the exact mode of transmission is unknown, the consensus of opinion is to the effect that the virus is inspired and in this manner reaches the body fluids and later the skin for which the virus apparently possesses a selective tissue affinity.
The diagnosis of varicella usually presents no difficulties on account of the mildness of the general reaction and the more or less typical appearance of the cutaneous lesions.
The Complement Fixation Test after Prophylactic Typhoid Immunization and a Comparison with the Agglutination Test
Authors: Garbat A. L. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
In contrast with the strong agglutination test, a positive complement fixation test after prophylactic typhoid immunization is not as regular an occurrence, as it is during or after typhoid fever. This point may be of aid in deciding for or against the diagnosis of typhoid fever in an inoculated individual still having a positive Widal and ill with a suspicious typhoid but negative blood culture. A positive complement fixation test was obtained most often after three injections with a polyvalent vaccine; two injections with this same vaccine or three injections with the single strain vaccine (Rawling) gave hardly any complement fixation.
Evidence As to the Independence of Hemolysins and Precipitins
Authors: Johnson Russell C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the absence of chemical methods affording complete isolation and analysis of antibodies, our knowledge concerning the structure and properties of these substances is at best but approximate.
Although theoretically the injection of a host with a mixture of several proteins may well result in the production of multiple antibodies, the extent to which this actually occurs in a given instance has not been more than partially determined. Cytolysis, cyto-agglutination, precipitation, toxin neutralization and opsonification, we recognize as among the various evidences of antibody activity, but to just what extent each of these activities is due to an independent and distinct antibody is far less defined than the generalizations of certain theories concerning immunity might lead us to conclude.
As bearing upon this problem I wish to report certain experimental results, which suggest the co-existence in the same serum of two distinct antibodies, each producing its own type of reaction.
Studies in Hypersensitiveness
Authors: Coca Arthur F. , Grove Ella F. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The atopic reagins, discovered by Prausnitz and KÜster, have been found to be demonstrable in the blood of all subjects of hay fever and asthma in whom the cutaneous reaction to the injection of the atopen is positive. Not all normal skins are susceptible to local passive sensitization. About 84 per cent of normal skins are receptive; about 11 per cent are non-receptive; and about 5 per cent are slightly receptive. The duration of the local passive sensitiveness is at least four weeks. Heating for one-half hour at 56°C. injures the atopic reagins. The normal human skin could not be passively sensitized with an anti-egg precipitating serum or an anti-ragweed pollen precipitating serum, both from an injected rabbit. The atopic reagin is neutralizable in the test tube or in the tissues. It does not produce a visible precipitate nor complement fixation, when mixed with the related atopen. The atopic reagin does not conform, in its successive fractional neutralization, with the quantitative law governing the fractional neutralization of precipitin. The atopic reagin is unable to sensitize the guinea-pig, confirming Prausnitz and Küster, or the guinea-pig uterus. Atopic reagins could not be demonstrated in 5 cases of drug idiosyncrasy, nor in a case of hypersensitiveness to green pea, without asthmatic symptoms. The atopic reagin is specific. In the blood of individuals sensitive to more than one substance, more than one reagin can be demonstrated. With the method of desensitization of the passively sensitized skin site, the identity or non-identity of atopens of different origin can be determined. Sensitizing bodies could not be demonstrated with the method of Prausnitz and Küster in the blood of individuals sensitive to tuberculin or to poison ivy.
A Note on the Bacteriophage with Respect to Complement Fixation Tests
Authors: Sanderson E. S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
While bacteriophagy is a demonstrable fact, conflicting evidence appears to indicate that the real nature of the substance capable of bringing about rapid bacterial lysis is still unsettled. Transmissibility in series of the bacteriophage is interpreted by d'Herelle (1) as reproduction, and therefore indicative of a living organism. To demonstrate further its antigenic properties, and to show likewise that all phages are in reality the same, he employed the complement fixation test, the results of which may be briefly stated as follows:
Sera from rabbits immunized with lysed cultures of different bacterial types fixed complement not only with their homologous antigens but with the others as well. To put it differently, a lysed bacterial culture in reality contains two antigens, soluble bacterial protein and bacteriophage, to each of which the rabbits respond with the production of a specific antibody. Since all sera give heterologous fixation, and as the one common antigenic substance is bacteriophage, then all phages are the same.
Immunological Studies in Tuberculosis
Authors: Petroff S. A. , Stewart F. W. 
Published: December 2022

Summary and Conclusions
An attempt has been made to repeat with animals sensitized by dead tubercle bacilli the various allergic phenomena which in the past have been observed in animals previously infected with living tubercle bacilli.
Intracutaneous skin test, intraperitoneal tuberculin reaction, Pfeiffer's phenomenon and Koch's intracutaneous phenomenon have been studied, with the use of animals previously sensitized with heat killed tubercle bacilli. All animals sensitized with such organisms were previously healthy and failed to react to 5 per cent old tuberculin.
In studying these allergic reactions two types of controls were used—one of tuberculous and the other of perfectly healthy animals. The object of this is obvious. The desire was to see whether the animal sensitized with dead organisms in any way varied from an infected animal. We have purposely left the question of the immunizing value of dead bacilli for a later contribution.
In the second part of our experimental study, i.e., the allergic reaction of the eye, the pleura and the testis, only a few tuberculous animals were used for correlation controls. The larger number were animals sensitized with killed tubercle bacilli. We admit that many of our series consisted of small numbers of animals, but the difference was so striking that there was no doubt as to their correct interpretation. Much more work must be done before a definite conclusion can be drawn. However, we are safe in stating (1) that animals sensitized with dead tubercle bacilli give an allergic reaction which in its essentials does not vary from that observed in infected animals, and (2) that the severity of the reaction depends upon the degree of the hypersensitiveness.
Rhinoviruses: Basis for a Numbering System
Authors: Conant Robert M. , Hamparian Vincent V. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
HeLa cell cultures were used to propagate 128 rhinovirus strains. Rhinovirus preparations derived from HeLa cells possessed higher infectivity titers than those obtained from human diploid cells. Using identical conditions, attempts to propagate rhinoviruses in HeLa and H.Ep2 cells demonstrated the superiority of the HeLa cell system.
Standardization of antisera and identification of viruses were complicated by the presence of cytotoxic factor(s) in many of the antisera. Cytotoxicity could be reduced by treatment with either HeLa cell sediment or human liver powder. The evidence suggests that cytotoxic factor(s) probably are antibodies directed against host cell antigens.
Properties of Highly Purified Human Properdin
Authors: Pensky Jack , Hinz Carl F. , Todd Earl W. , Wedgwood Ralph J. , Boyer John T. , Lepow Irwin H. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Partially purified human properdin was further purified by column chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose and carboxymethyl-Sephadex. The most highly purified preparation was electrophoretically and ultracentrifugally homogeneous. The diffusion coefficient D20,w was 2.2 × 10-7 cm2/sec; the sedimentation constant S20,w was 5.2 S; and the molecular weight was 223,000.
Highly purified properdin formed a single characteristic line in the β-globulin region on immunoelectrophoresis with rabbit anti-properdin serum and failed to react with rabbit antisera to whole human serum, to γG-, γM- or γA- globulins, or to type K or L light chains of human immunoglobulins.
Highly purified properdin retained the property of restoring activity to properdin-deficient serum in the zymosan assay, in the ability to cause lysis of erythrocytes from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and in the killing of Shigella dysenteriae. Properdin activity in both biologic test systems correlated well with properdin activity as measured in the zymosan assay. Properdin did not restore bactericidal activity of serum specifically absorbed with homologous bacteria, but specific bactericidal antibody did not function in this system without properdin.
Highly purified properdin neither combined with nor caused agglutination of zymosan. It was without effect on the hemolytic activity of whole complement, had little or no influence on the hemolytic activity of any purified component of complement tested, and was functionally and antigenically unrelated to such complement components.
These data demonstrated the existence of properdin as a unique serum protein, distinct from known immunoglobulins or complement components, which participates in certain immunologic reactions of human serum.
γG-Antibody to Human Anti-Hemophilic Globulin (Factor VIII)
Authors: Andersen Burton R. , Troup Stanley B. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Circulating factor VIII inhibitors from two patients were shown to have many of the characteristics of γG-globulins, namely, resistance to heat and freezing, 7 S sedimentation coefficients, resistance to reduction and alkylation, and a decrease in sedimentation rate with pepsin hydrolysis. Loss of inhibitory activity occurred with the specific precipitation of γG-globulins in one serum. No evidence of complement fixation, agar precipitin reactions or passive cutaneous anaphylaxis activity could be demonstrated.
The Inhibition by Normal γG-Globulins of Antibodies Specific for Individual γG Myeloma Proteins
Authors: Hurez Daniel , Meshaka Gilbert , Mihaesco Constantin , Seligmann Maxime 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Thirty-three antisera to ten isolated γG myeloma globulins were first absorbed in order to show only individual antigenic specificity of the homologous myeloma protein. Further absorption with variable but usually large amounts of normal fraction II resulted in the complete neutralization of the individually specific antibodies in 13 antisera. Absorption with as much as 100 mg/ml of fraction II resulted in partial neutralization of individually specific antibodies for 19 sera, whereas one antiserum was practically not affected. The ability of fraction II to neutralize individually specific antibodies varied greatly for the different kinds of antibodies to a given myeloma globulin, even within the same antiserum.
It was demonstrated that neutralization by normal γG-globulins of these antibodies to individual specific antigens was due to specific inhibition without precipitation. Inhibition curves showed that the molecular localization on normal γG-globulins of the antigenic structures involved in this inhibition phenomenon is similar to that of the individual specific antigens on the homologous myeloma globulin.
These findings are discussed in view of the analogy of myeloma globulins to their normal counterparts and to purified antibodies.
Properties of 19 S Antibodies in Complement Fixation
Authors: Cunniff Ruth V. , Stollar B. David 
Published: December 2022

Summary
With several antigen-antibody systems, C′ fixation reactivity of whole serum and of separated 19 S and 7 S antibody components was examined. Antigens which did fix C′ with appropriate 19 S antibodies included: bacterial lipopolysaccharides, cardiolipin, denatured DNA and adenosine conjugated to poly-L-lysine or to lysinerich histone. No C′ fixation was observed with 19 S antibodies and hemocyanin or with adenosine-human serum albumin or adenosine-ribonuclease conjugates. Corresponding 7 S antibodies fixed C′ with all of the above antigens. All 7 S antibodies reacted much more effectively at 4°C than at 37°C. In the systems in which 19 S antibodies did fix C′, the ratio of reactivity at 4°C to that at 37°C was much lower than was the case with 7 S antibodies, with both human and rabbit antisera. In the reaction of anti-adenosine macroglobulins with adenosine conjugated to lysine-rich histones, an increase in the average number of adenosine molecules substituted on the histone was accompanied by a fall in the ratio of 4°C effectiveness to 37°C effectiveness. C′ fixation with macroglobulin antibodies may require both an antigen of relatively large molecular volume and critically spaced repeating determinants on an antigen molecule.
Influenza Virus Neutralizing Antibody in Human Respiratory Secretions
Authors: Waldman Robert H. , Mann John J. , Kasel Julius A. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Influenza virus neutralizing antibody titers and immunoglobulin levels were measured in human respiratory secretions. Antibody in the IgA class of immunoglobulins was found in respiratory secretions obtained during life, whereas IgG antibody predominated in secretions obtained at autopsy. The amount of neutralizing antibody per milligram of IgA was found to be similar in sputum and nasal washing, but was significantly lower in saliva. There was a positive association between levels of serum antibody and sputum and nasal washing antibody. The antibody in respiratory secretions formed in response to a strain of A2 influenza virus had similar neutralizing activity against a different but closely related A2 influenza virus strain.
Antigenicity of Polypeptides (Poly-α-Amino Acids)
Authors: Pinchuck Paul , Maurer Paul H. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Random-bred mice fail to produce hapten-specific antibody when immunized with dinitrophenyl (DNP)-conjugated homopolymers. The nonimmunogenicity of conjugated homopolymers appears to be independent of the degree of coupling, charge and solubility of the material. All random-bred mice produce hapten-specific antibody when immunized with DNP-copolymers, DNP-terpolymers, and chemically modified derivatives of the polypeptides. The only requirement seems to be the presence of at least three different groups in the molecule. The response to the carrier portion of the molecule seems to be independent of the response to the hapten. However, where an anti-carrier response does appear, it is depressed as compared to the response to the uncoupled polypeptide. Partial chemical modification of a DNP-homopolymer, which introduces a “third” group into the molecule, or formation of an aggregate with an immunogenic protein renders these homopolymers immunogenic in mice.
The Growth of Mumps Virus in Organ Cultures of Rhesus Thyroid Gland
Authors: Flanagan Thomas D. , Barron Almen L. , Witebsky Ernest 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Organ cultures of rhesus thyroid tissue supported the growth of mumps virus over a period of 12 days of incubation. Growth of virus was demonstrated by increasing titers of infectious mumps virus in cultures harvested at various times after inoculation. Virus was released into the fluid medium and this release was demonstrated to be continuous process.
Mumps virus antigen was demonstrated in the cytoplasm of follicular cells and possibly in the lumen of follicles themselves by the fluorescent antibody method.