bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal occurrence and fate of nanoparticles in two biological wastewater treatment plants in Southern California
Authors: Smeraldi Josh , Tseng Linda Y. , Dutta Ishir , Ganesh Rajagopalan , Rosso Diego 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNano‐sized particles in wastewater are generally considered colloids, but their production and size distribution are not well understood. Organic nano‐sized particles are more abundant than engineered nanomaterials in wastewater, where they may cause membrane fouling, harbor pathogens, and transport contaminants to the environment. To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the seasonal behavior, removal, and the quantity and size of suspended particles (both unfiltered and filtered through a 450 nm filter) at multiple points within different processes along two water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs, formerly wastewater treatment plants). In Southern California where wastewater is often reused or reclaimed, a better understanding of nano‐sized particles generation and removal may help reduce cost. We found that both types of the biological secondary treatments investigated (conventional activated sludge process and trickling filter) were more efficient in removing suspended particles larger than 450 nm than they were smaller ones. However, the results show that current treatment processes are not designed to remove nano‐sized particles efficiently. We also investigated the factors that correlate with their occurrence and found that there was a significant and direct correlation between influent dissolved chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the abundance of suspended particles both larger and smaller than 450 nm, suggesting that the suspended particles increased with dissolved COD in the WRRFs and thus were biogenically generated during the wastewater treatment. Although no conclusive seasonal correlations were found, dissolved COD management may control nano‐sized particle production.Practitioner Points

Conventional secondary treatments (activated sludge and trickling filter) could efficiently remove particles but not as efficiently for nano‐sized particles (40.1–52.7% removal).
At one facility, particles of all sizes were found to correlate with dissolved carbon and EPS, meaning they were biogenic.
Monitoring dissolved carbon or EPS precursors may help control membrane fouling post‐secondary treatment, and this warrants more studies.
Changes in Illinois hunters' beliefs about chronic wasting disease management between 2012 and 2022
Authors: Vaske Jerry J. , Miller Craig A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrevious human dimensions articles related to changes in perceptions about chronic wasting disease (CWD) have focused on psychological variables (e.g., risk, trust). We expanded the scope of comparison and included 27 CWD management‐action variables. We obtained data from 2 mail surveys of resident deer hunters randomly sampled from the Illinois Department of Natural Resources' (IDNR) permit holders, administered first in 2012 (n = 5,663, response rate = 55%) and again in 2022 (n = 1,237, response rate = 43%). Hunters in 2022 were less aware of IDNR's management actions (e.g., increase the number of deer permits) than the 2012 hunters. Alternatively, the 2022 hunters were more supportive of actions the IDNR should pursue (e.g., use deer sharpshooting) than the 2012 hunters. Hunters in 2012 were more supportive of testing for CWD than the 2022 sample, although the differences were small. Conversely, the 2022 hunters were always more likely to believe that each IDNR action (e.g., use deer sharpshooting) was more effective than those during 2012. Statistical differences can be partially attributed to the large sample size as the average Cohen's d across all 27 items was only 0.159 (i.e., small). Overall, findings demonstrate the importance of tracking changes in beliefs over time, as such changes can influence an agency's management actions.
Wildlife agency responses to chronic wasting disease in free‐ranging cervids
Authors: Thompson Noelle E. , Huang Miranda H. J. , Christensen Sonja A. , Demarais Stephen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractComplex ecological and human‐influenced factors that are characteristic of chronic wasting disease (CWD) have created substantial and unique challenges for effective management in free‐ranging cervids. We sought to summarize and characterize management experiences and actions from 30 U.S. states, 4 Canadian provinces, and 3 European countries that have direct experience with CWD. We surveyed wildlife agencies that had detected CWD in their free‐ranging cervid population and collected information from journal articles, published reports, and agency webpages. We report management approaches and their apparent impacts by state, provincial, or national jurisdiction during 3 stages of response to CWD: 1) pre‐detection, 2) initial response, and 3) altered response. Agencies took a proactive approach to CWD during the pre‐detection phase; 12 of the 24 responding agencies had a weighted‐surveillance program in place and 17 had regulations aimed at disease prevention. There was no apparent difference in initial apparent prevalence of CWD among agencies with weighted surveillance in place and those without, but complicating factors, such as differing sampling methods and sample size, were present. Agencies reported 5 common surveillance strategies, and first detections were primarily from sampling hunter‐harvested deer. Bans or restrictions on interstate movement of carcasses or live animals and increased bag limits were common responses to the detection of CWD and were used by 83% and 78% of the 24 responding agencies, respectively. Similarly, adapted surveillance was a common response to CWD detection; 14 of the 24 agencies either initiated or adjusted their weighted surveillance program following detection. However, of the 20 U.S. states and 6 Canadian provinces that have not yet detected CWD, only 3 are currently applying weighted surveillance approaches to their CWD sampling efforts. As demonstrated by New York and Minnesota, localized eradication of CWD may be possible if it is detected in its emergent stage when there are few infected deer in an area. We found that 4 of the 20 U.S. states and 2 of the 6 Canadian provinces that have yet to detect CWD had a response plan available online. Further analyses to assess the impacts of various management approaches on the spatial and temporal trajectory of CWD prevalence requires more data collection and reporting, such as consistent and fine‐scale surveillance in management and control areas. We recommend that agencies be proactive in public messaging of CWD response plans well before initial detection and that cervid managers dealing with CWD collaborate regularly with one another to share their variable and collective experiences. We also recommend that agencies provide detailed public reports on CWD responses, disease progression, and management outcomes.
Potential role of exitron‐containing homeobox genes in cancer
Authors: de Faria Poloni Joice , Feltes Bruno César 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHomeobox genes are protagonists in developmental and cancer biology, making comprehending their regulation pivotal in multiple molecular pathways. Exitrons, also known as intronic exons, are new players in the transcriptional organization, providing additional splicing variants whose functions are still vastly unknown. Exitron splicing sites were identified in eight homeobox genes, which has not been yet debated in the scientific literature. Due to the intimate connection between homeobox genes and tumorigenesis, it is worth investing more time in understanding how these less explored exitron‐containing transcriptional isoforms could play a role in modulating the homeobox gene's biological functions. The perspectives devised in this article are meant to instigate fresh debates on how the transcriptional variants retaining exitrons identified in the human homeobox genes HOXA1, HOXA9, HOXD8, NKX3.1, and DLX6 can be examined in the context of tumorigenesis.This article is categorized under:
Cancer > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics
Studienergebnisse
Authors: Lessky Franziska 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungIn den folgenden Kapiteln werden die Ergebnisse dieser Studie präsentiert und diskutiert. Während in Kapitel 6.1 die quantitativen Ergebnisse erläutert werden, widmet sich Kapitel 6.2 den qualitativen Ergebnissen.
A study of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 SCFT derived from $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 SCFT: index and chiral ring
Authors: Xie Dan , Yan Wenbin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
One can derive a large class of new $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SCFTs by turning on $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 preserving deformations for $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 Argyres-Dougals theories. In this work, we use $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal indices to get indices of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SCFTs, then use these indices to derive chiral rings of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SCFTs. For a large class of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 theories, we find that the IR theory contains only free chirals if we deform the parent $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 theory using the Coulomb branch operator with smallest scaling dimension. Our results provide interesting lessons on studies of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 theories, such as a-maximization, accidental symmetries, chiral ring, etc.
Dermatoskopie von Genodermatosen
Authors: Plázár Dóra , Joura Marie Isolde , Kiss Norbert , Medvecz Márta 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungGenodermatosen sind eine Gruppe erblicher Hautkrankheiten, deren Diagnose aufgrund ihrer Seltenheit sowie klinischen und genetischen Vielfalt eine Herausforderung darstellt. Die meisten Genodermatosen werden autosomal oder X‑chromosomal vererbt, auch Mosaikformen werden beobachtet. Genodermatosen umfassen verschiedene Phänotypen, die von einer begrenzten kutanen Erkrankung bis hin zu einer schweren kutanen und extrakutanen Beteiligung reichen. Sie können auch Zeichen multisystemischer Störungen sein. Trotz der jüngsten Fortschritte in der Gentechnologie und den bildgebenden Verfahren der Haut stellt die Dermatoskopie für das Screening, die Diagnostik und die therapeutische Nachsorge eine nützliche Untersuchungsmethode dar. Bei der ektopischen Mineralisierungsstörung Pseudoxanthoma elasticum und der lysosomalen Speicherkrankheit Morbus Fabry können die Symptome auf der Haut auf Beteiligungen innerer Organe hinweisen. Bei Keratinisierungskrankheiten wie Ichthyosen und akantholytischen Dyskeratosen wie Morbus Darier und Morbus Hailey-Hailey kann die Dermatoskopie helfen, die Wirksamkeit der Therapie zu zeigen, indem sie Hintergrunderythem, Hyperkeratose und den interkeratinozytären Raum sichtbar macht. Die Dermatoskopie ist eine nichtinvasive In-vivo-Untersuchung, die in der allgemeinen Dermatologie zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnt und ein nützliches, leicht zugängliches Instrument zur Erkennung charakteristischer Merkmale von Genodermatosen sein kann.
The Critical Role of Fillers in Composite Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery
Authors: Yang Xueying , Liu Jiaxiang , Pei Nanbiao , Chen Zhiqiang , Li Ruiyang , Fu Lijun , Zhang Peng , Zhao Jinbao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
With excellent energy densities and highly safe performance, solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs) have been hailed as promising energy storage devices. Solid-state electrolyte is the core component of SSLBs and plays an essential role in the safety and electrochemical performance of the cells. Composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) are considered as one of the most promising candidates among all solid-state electrolytes due to their excellent comprehensive performance. In this review, we briefly introduce the components of CPEs, such as the polymer matrix and the species of fillers, as well as the integration of fillers in the polymers. In particular, we focus on the two major obstacles that affect the development of CPEs: the low ionic conductivity of the electrolyte and high interfacial impedance. We provide insight into the factors influencing ionic conductivity, in terms of macroscopic and microscopic aspects, including the aggregated structure of the polymer, ion migration rate and carrier concentration. In addition, we also discuss the electrode–electrolyte interface and summarize methods for improving this interface. It is expected that this review will provide feasible solutions for modifying CPEs through further understanding of the ion conduction mechanism in CPEs and for improving the compatibility of the electrode–electrolyte interface.
Sulfide-Based All-Solid-State Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Zhu Xinxin , Wang Liguang , Bai Zhengyu , Lu Jun , Wu Tianpin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries with liquid electrolytes have been obstructed by severe shuttle effects and intrinsic safety concerns. Introducing inorganic solid-state electrolytes into lithium–sulfur systems is believed as an effective approach to eliminate these issues without sacrificing the high-energy density, which determines sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries. However, the lack of design principles for high-performance composite sulfur cathodes limits their further application. The sulfur cathode regulation should take several factors including the intrinsic insulation of sulfur, well-designed conductive networks, integrated sulfur-electrolyte interfaces, and porous structure for volume expansion, and the correlation between these factors into account. Here, we summarize the challenges of regulating composite sulfur cathodes with respect to ionic/electronic diffusions and put forward the corresponding solutions for obtaining stable positive electrodes. In the last section, we also outlook the future research pathways of architecture sulfur cathode to guide the develop high-performance all-solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries.
The Evolution of China’s Foreign Talent Policy: the Case Study of Beijing
Authors: Xu Lingyu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to explore the evolution of China’s foreign talent policy (FTP) and the factors that contribute to those policy changes. Selecting Beijing as a case study, this paper explores Beijing’s FTP and divides it into three periods (1949–1978; 1978–2000; 2000 until now). It argues that at the point when the policy system becomes more institutionalized, more simplified measures are adopted. In particular, this paper applies a three-tier framework to detect the factors contributing to the policy changes as follows: (1) the deregulation of China’s scientific and educational systems, (2) emerging actors in the FTP institutional setting (Zhongguancun Science Park, private think tanks and social groups), and (3) market-oriented reform of the policy tools, e.g., China’s permanent residence system.
Stratigraphy and Biochronostratigraphy of the Lower Pliensbachian (Jurassic) from the Asturian basin (Northern Spain)
Authors: Comas-Rengifo María José , García-Ramos José Carlos , Goy Antonio , Piñuela Laura , Gómez Juan J. , Paredes Ricardo , Suárez Vega Luis Carlos 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA stratigraphic study of the carbonate deposits from the interval between the uppermost Sinemurian and the base of the Upper Pliensbachian is presented herein. For this purpose, four expanded sections of the Asturian Basin, in Northern Spain, were sampled. The sections are located between Rodiles E section (Villaviciosa municipality) and Playa de Vega section (Ribadesella municipality). The ammonites recorded in over 100 successive levels of this sector enabled the substantial improvement of the biochronostratigraphic scale of reference; making it comparable with those defined for other basins of the Iberian Peninsula and other areas of the western Tethys. The lower boundary of the Pliensbachian is indicated by the first appearance ofGemmellarocerasaff.aenigmaticum(Gemmellaro) below the first appearance of the genusApoderoceras. The upper boundary is defined by the first record of theProtogrammoceras.(Matteiceras) subgenus which in some levels is associated withAmaltheus stokesi(Sowerby). The boundaries between the zones and subzones were able to be established accurately in most cases. The ammonite assemblages are similar to those established for the NW European Province. Some intervals, however, include species typical of the Mediterranean Province. Among these, the Taylori Subchronozone (Gemmellaroceras) and the transition between the Jamesoni Subchronozone and the Valdani Subchronozone (Tropidoceras) can be highlighted. Additionally, taking into consideration the succession between of ammonite genera and species, 27 horizons were identified, 24 of which correspond to the Lower Pliensbachian, and the other 3 to the uppermost Sinemurian and the lowermost part of the Upper Pliensbachian. Moreover, the identification of 3 of the Lower Pliensbachian horizons were based upon the evolution of the MediterraneanTropidoceras.
Multiple Biogenic Waste Valorization via Pyrolysis Technologies in Palm Oil Industry: Economic and Environmental Multi-objective Optimization for Sustainable Energy System
Authors: Teh Khai Chyi , Tan Jully , Chew Irene Mei Leng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAgricultural biomass is one of the major wastes in the world. Most of these wastes end up in landfills and incineration, causing significant environmental problems that are detrimental to human health and other species on the Earth. Thermochemical conversion can solve this issue by utilizing the energy embedded inside the biomass, mainly organic matter, into high-grade fuels and chemicals. Fast pyrolysis is one of the technologies that can convert biomass waste to a high yield of bio-oil, which can then be used as biofuels in vehicles. In this study, palm oil biomass wastes are valorized to generate bio-oil sustainably via several pyrolysis technologies such as conventional pyrolysis, microwave pyrolysis, and thermo-catalytic pyrolysis in a multi-objective optimization framework. The formulated multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming problems are solved using theɛ-constraint method. The Pareto-optimal solutions have illustrated a clear trade-off between two conflicting objectives: total annualized profit and the global warming potential. The most profitable solution economically has an annualized profit of $237 per ton of biomass with an emission of 628 kg CO2equivalent per ton of biomass. On the other hand, the most environmentally sustainable solution, while still generating positive income, has an annualized profit of $122 per ton of biomass with an emission of 132 kg CO2equivalent per ton of biomass. A second scenario with a case study presented on the palm oil industry in Malaysia has also demonstrated the selection of biomass during feedstock blending when a constraint on biomass feedstock availability is pre-defined. The proposed model is robust for planning bioenergy complex, especially those involving multiple biomass feedstocks. In fact, this study has addressed the research gap in comparison of multiple distinctive pyrolysis processes with respect to multiple palm biomass feedstocks.
Semi Post–Widder Operators and Difference Estimates
Authors: Gupta Vijay , Herzog Monika 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe consider the Post–Widder operators of semi-exponential type, which are a generalization of the exponential operators connected with $$x^2$$

x
2

. This modification has the beauty to find difference with other operators, while the original Post–Widder operators do not have such property. We estimate quantitative difference of these operators with Baskakov type operators and Szász–Kantorovich operators, along with some composition of operators. Finally, we further consider a form preserving linear functions and estimate some direct results.
On the Propagation of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances From the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Volcano Eruption and Their Possible Connection With Tsunami Waves
Authors: Pradipta Rezy , Carter Brett A. , Currie Julie L. , Choy Suelynn , Wilkinson Phil , Maher Phillip , Marshall Richard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe report our analysis of ionospheric disturbances from the 15 January 2022 Tonga volcano eruption, using GPS data from the International GNSS Service network and ionosonde data in the Australian sector. Wave fluctuations with amplitudes of ∼1 TECU and altitude variations of ∼100 km were observed in the GPS and ionosonde data, respectively. In near‐field region around Tonga shortly after the eruption, our analysis reveals that the ionospheric disturbances had an azimuthally anisotropic velocity profile, with a peculiar minimum in southwestward direction. Close resemblance is identified between the velocity profile of near‐field ionospheric disturbances and the Tonga tsunami, suggesting a coupling between water and atmospheric waves. In far‐field, the disturbances propagated at ∼300 m/s, circling the globe for at least three days and possibly until 21 January 2022, in agreement with several previous reports of the event. Arrival times of ionospheric disturbances observed by GPS receivers and ionosondes provide consistent picture.
A Short‐Term Pumping Strategy for Hydraulic Tomography Based on the Successive Linear Estimator
Authors: Hou Xiaolan , Hu Rui , Yeh Tian‐Chyi Jim , Li Yukun , Qi Junjie , Song Yang , Qiu Huiyang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, the random finite element method, a finite element method with random field generation techniques, was applied to investigate the cross correlations between the observed head and hydraulic conductivity and specific storage at different locations and different times in pumping tests. The results show that the two cross correlations between the pumping well and the observation well reach their maximums before pumping reaches a steady state. Specifically, the cross correlation between the observed head and hydraulic conductivity is the greatest when the temporal derivative of the observed head does not change significantly, and that between the observed head and specific storage is the greatest when the temporal derivative (the rate) of the observed head is maximum. Based on the results of cross‐correlation analysis, a short‐term pumping strategy for hydraulic tomography is proposed to obtain the spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity and specific storage using the successive linear estimator. Furthermore, this strategy was validated by Monte Carlo simulations. This paper points out that the sensitivity and cross‐correlation analyses report the ensemble (averaged) behaviors of any heterogeneous aquifers, which is not necessarily suitable for one realization. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulation is suggested for validating any groundwater inverse modeling result.