bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human tissues: Targeted and untargeted approaches using liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: León‐Morán Lixy , Pastor‐Belda Marta , Campillo Natalia , Arroyo‐Manzanares Natalia , Torres Carmen , Viñas Pilar 
Published: July 2023

Hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are metabolites of persistent organic pollutants which are formed during the bioactivation process of biological matrices and whose toxicity is being studied. The aim of this work was the development of a novel analytical method for the determination of these metabolites in human tissues, known to have bioaccumulated their parent compounds. Samples were treated by salting‐out assisted liquid‐liquid extraction and the extracts were analyzed by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with a hybrid quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight analyzer. The proposed method achieved limits of detection in the 0.15–9.0 ng/g range for the five target analytes (1‐hydroxynaphthalene, 1‐hydroxypyrene, 2‐hydroxynaphthalene, 7‐hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, and 9‐hydroxyphenanthrene). The quantification was achieved by matrix‐matched calibration using 2,2´‐biphenol as internal standard. For all compounds, relative standard deviation, calculated for six successive analyses, was below 12.1%, demonstrating good precision for the developed method. None of the target compounds was detected in the 34 studied samples. Moreover, an untargeted approach was applied to study the presence of other metabolites in the samples, as well as their conjugated forms and related compounds. For this objective, a homemade mass spectrometry database covering 81 compounds was created and none of them was detected in the samples.
Local theory for 2‐microlocal Besov and Triebel–Lizorkin spaces of Jaffard type
Authors: Saka Koichi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce new 2‐microlocal Besov and Triebel–Lizorkin spaces of Jaffard type, which contain many classical functions. We establish local theory of these function spaces by the φ‐transform and the wavelet decomposition coefficients. Moreover, we give a characterization of these local spaces by a local polynomial approximation.
Study on anisotropic heat transfer and thermal damage in nanosecond pulsed laser processing of CFRP
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhang Zhen , Hao Bo , Wei Shichuan , Qiu Wenzhe , Huang Yu , Zhang Guojun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNanosecond pulsed laser processing is an efficient method of processing carbon fiber reinforced plastic(CFRP), which is widely used in the manufacturing field of aviation, medical, and auto industries. The anisotropic heat transfer of carbon fiber is a key factor degrading the surface integrity of laser processing CFRP. So it is urgent to explore the significant mechanism of anisotropic heat transfer of laser interacting with CFRP. A novel numerical model considering anisotropic heat transfer was established to analyze heat transfer and thermal damage of CFRP laser machining. By comparison of simulation and experiments, the average error of ablation depth and width ranges from 4.71% to 15.09%, so the model could precisely simulate the CFRP laser machining. It demonstrates that the heat conductivity along the axial carbon fiber is higher than that along the radial, resulting in an elliptical ablation morphology. And when the laser scanning direction is parallel to the direction of the carbon fiber, deeper and narrower microgrooves can be obtained. In addition, laser processing at the edge of the CFRP plate causes serious heat accumulation, leading to severe thermal damage. The simulation and experiments were conducted to explore the effect of parameters including laser energy, scanning speed, and scanning space on the depth and width of laser ablation. A deeper micro‐channel with a smooth machined surface and small thermal damage was obtained when laser energy E = 0.275 mJ, scanning speed v = 630 mm/s, and scanning space h = 21 μm.
Modified mechanical properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composite by silicone polymer
Authors: Lu Jing‐Jing , Shi Yi‐Cheng , Dang Rui‐Qiong , Guan Ji‐Peng , Yu Li‐Chao , Xu Huan , Wang Zhen‐Guang , Wang Hong‐Quan , Lu Fan , Shen Xiao‐Jun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this work, silicone polymer (PSOL)/carbon fiber (CF)/epoxy (EP) composites were prepared by introducing PSOL as interfacial modifiers into CF/EP composites. The mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of the composites were investigated, and the optimum content of the PSOL modification was obtained. The impact of EP on the wettability of CF was compared before and after adding PSOL. The micromorphology of CF/EP composites was also observed. The consequences demonstrate that the interfacial bonding ability between CF and matrix was improved after adding PSOL. The interlaminar shear strength, tensile strength, elongation at break and flexural strength of PSOL/CF/EP composites were increased by 23.28%, 18.49%, 38.45% and 11.23%, respectively. Furthermore, the original thermal stability of the composite was preserved after the modification of PSOL.
Designing a mock training workshop on poverty —Transformative learning as framework
Authors: Chang Bo , Krepper Roxanne , Giraldo‐Garcia Regina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTransformative learning has been widely discussed in the literature for challenging and reshaping learners' assumptions and beliefs. However, there is a gap in the practical demonstration of how transformative learning can be effectively designed and implemented in real‐world contexts. This design‐based study fills this gap by designing a mock training workshop for transforming learners' assumptions about poverty. Drawing on theoretical concepts of transformative learning, this study translates abstract theoretical points into practical activities. The study incorporates a comprehensive review of existing literature to identify the main components and phases of transformative learning and to gather practical strategies for designing learning activities. The resulting framework may guide scholars and practitioners interested in turning transformative learning theory into actionable interventions. The mock training workshop designed in this study centers around four main components: engaging in the experience, critical reflection, critical discourse analysis, and action taken. These components are strategically woven together to create a transformative learning journey for participants. By actively engaging participants in experiential activities, promoting critical reflection on their assumptions, analyzing the underlying discourses, and encouraging action‐oriented outcomes, the workshop seeks to challenge and reshape deeply held beliefs about poverty and other societal issues. The insights and strategies in this study can inform those interested in promoting social change and challenging long‐held assumptions through transformative learning interventions. Such insights and strategies can also be extended to other social issues, such as drug addiction, alcoholism, or tobacco use, offering practitioners a versatile framework for facilitating transformative learning in various contexts.
Can a supportive supervisor be a treasure for teachers? A multilevel analysis of the relationship between perceived supervisor support, work engagement, and burnout
Authors: Uslukaya Alper , Demirtas Zulfu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this study, we examined the relationships between perceived supervisor support, work engagement, and burnout levels of teachers by using multilevel analysis. We assumed that a high level of perceived supervisor support would relate positively to work engagement but negatively to burnout. We also suggested that work engagement would mediate the relationship between perceived supervisor support and burnout. The participants of the study consisted of 796 teachers from 87 schools located in the center of Elazig province in eastern Turkey. According to multilevel structural equation modeling analysis, we found that perceived supervisor support is positively related to work engagement but negatively to burnout at the teacher and school levels. We carried out a series of Sobel tests for multilevel mediation analyses and identified the presence of a mediating role in the relationship between perceived supervisor support and burnout at both levels of work engagement in general. In conclusion, this study indicates that perceived supervisor support can be a significant resource for teachers' well‐being.
LEVELNET to visualize, explore, and compare protein–protein interaction networks
Authors: Mohseni Behbahani Yasser , Saighi Paul , Corsi Flavia , Laine Elodie , Carbone Alessandra 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhysical interactions between proteins are central to all biological processes. Yet, the current knowledge of who interacts with whom in the cell and in what manner relies on partial, noisy, and highly heterogeneous data. Thus, there is a need for methods comprehensively describing and organizing such data. LEVELNET is a versatile and interactive tool for visualizing, exploring, and comparing protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks inferred from different types of evidence. LEVELNET helps to break down the complexity of PPI networks by representing them as multi‐layered graphs and by facilitating the direct comparison of their subnetworks toward biological interpretation. It focuses primarily on the protein chains whose 3D structures are available in the Protein Data Bank. We showcase some potential applications, such as investigating the structural evidence supporting PPIs associated to specific biological processes, assessing the co‐localization of interaction partners, comparing the PPI networks obtained through computational experiments versus homology transfer, and creating PPI benchmarks with desired properties.
Length and saturation of fatty acids in phosphatidylserine determine the rate of lysozyme aggregation simultaneously altering the structure and toxicity of amyloid oligomers and fibrils
Authors: Frese Addison , Goode Cody , Zhaliazka Kiryl , Holman Aidan P. , Dou Tianyi , Kurouski Dmitry 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAbrupt aggregation of misfolded proteins is the underlying molecular cause of numerous severe pathologies including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Protein aggregation yields small oligomers that can later propagate into amyloid fibrils, β‐sheet‐rich structures with a variety of topologies. A growing body of evidence suggests that lipids play an important role in abrupt aggregation of misfolded proteins. In this study, we investigate the roles of length and saturation of fatty acids (FAs) in phosphatidylserine (PS), an anionic lipid that is responsible for the recognition of apoptotic cells by macrophages, in lysozyme aggregation. We found that both the length and saturation of FAs in PS contribute to the aggregation rate of insulin. PS with 14‐carbon‐long FAs (14:0) enabled a much stronger acceleration of protein aggregation compared to PS with 18‐carbon‐long FAs (18:0). Our results demonstrate that the presence of double bonds in FAs accelerated the rate of insulin aggregation relative to PS with fully saturated FAs. Biophysical methods revealed morphological and structural differences in lysozyme aggregates grown in the presence of PS with varying lengths and FA saturation. We also found that such aggregates exerted diverse cell toxicities. These results demonstrate that the length and saturation of FAs in PS can uniquely alter the stability of misfolded proteins on lipid membranes.
Soluble SARS‐CoV‐2 RBD and human ACE2 peptidase domain produced in DrosophilaS2 cells show functions evoking virus–cell interface
Authors: Carrión Federico , Rammauro Florencia , Olivero‐Deibe Natalia , Fló Martín , Portela María Magdalena , Lima Analía , Durán Rosario , Pritsch Otto , Bianchi Sergio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe interaction between the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of the spike glycoprotein of SARS‐CoV‐2 and the peptidase domain of the human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) allows the first specific contact at the virus–cell interface making it the main target of neutralizing antibodies. Here, we show a unique and cost‐effective protocol using Drosophila S2 cells to produce both RBD and soluble human ACE2 peptidase domain (shACE2) as thermostable proteins, purified via Strep‐tag with yields >40 mg L−1 in a laboratory scale. Furthermore, we demonstrate its binding with KD values in the lower nanomolar range (independently of Strep‐tag removal) and its capability to be blocked by serum antibodies in a competition ELISA with Strep‐Tactin‐HRP as a proof‐of‐concept. In addition, we assess the capacity of RBD to bind native dimeric ACE2 overexpressed in human cells and its antigen properties with specific serum antibodies. Finally, for completeness, we analyzed RBD microheterogeneity associated with glycosylation and negative charges, with negligible effect on binding either with antibodies or shACE2. Our system represents an accessible and reliable tool for designing in‐house surrogate virus neutralization tests (sVNTs), enabling the rapid characterization of neutralizing humoral responses elicited against vaccines or infection, especially in the absence of facilities to conduct virus neutralization tests. Moreover, our biophysical and biochemical characterization of RBD and shACE2 produced in S2 cells lays the groundwork for adapting to different variants of concern (VOCs) to study humoral responses elicited against different VOCs and vaccine formulations.
Influence of mechanical and manual pruning on the incidence of pests in ‘Clemenules’ mandarins
Authors: Fonte Alberto , Garcerá Cruz , Chueca Patricia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn Spain, citrus pruning is usually done by hand, although mechanized pruning is gradually being introduced as a cheaper alternative. The pruning strategy affects the pattern and intensity of sprouting, and the canopy characteristics, and therefore could affect pest control. In this study, the effect of three pruning strategies on the incidence of key citrus pests was analyzed: manual, mechanical (with hedging and topping) and no pruning (control). In a commercial clementine orchard, sprouting, pest density and fruit damage were evaluated through three seasons.ResultsOutside the canopy, mechanically pruned trees had a significantly higher number of shoots, and more shoots were attacked by aphids (cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, and spirea aphid, A. spiraecola) in comparison with manual or control strategies. Inside the canopy statistically nonsignificant differences were found between strategies. Regarding the pest level of two‐spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, and California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii, in general, no significant differences were found between pruning strategies, and in some cases mechanical pruning resulted in a lower level of these pests and fruit damage than manual pruning.ConclusionThe density of aphids, which are pests associated with sprouting, was affected by the pruning strategy. However, the densities of T. urticae and A. aurantii and the level of damaged fruit were unaffected. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Defining estimands for efficacy assessment in single arm phase 1b or phase 2 clinical trials in oncology early development
Authors: Englert Stefan , Mercier François , Pilling Elizabeth A. , Homer Victoria , Habermehl Christina , Zimmermann Stefan , Kan‐Dobrosky Natalia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe addendum of the ICH E9 guideline on the statistical principles for clinical trials introduced the estimand framework. The framework is designed to strengthen the dialog between different stakeholders, to introduce greater clarity in the clinical trial objectives and to provide alignment between the estimand and statistical analysis. Estimand framework related publications thus far have mainly focused on randomized clinical trials. The intention of the Early Development Estimand Nexus (EDEN), a task force of the cross‐industry Oncology Estimand Working Group (www.oncoestimand.org), is to apply it to single arms Phase 1b or Phase 2 trials designed to detect a treatment‐related efficacy signal, typically measured by objective response rate. Key recommendations regarding the estimand attributes include that in a single arm early clinical trial, the treatment attribute should start when the first dose is received by the participant. Focusing on the estimation of an absolute effect, the population‐level summary measure should reflect only the property used for the estimation. Another major component introduced in the ICH E9 addendum is the definition of intercurrent events and the associated possible ways to handle them. Different strategies reflect different clinical questions of interest that can be answered based on the journeys an individual subject can take during a trial. We provide detailed strategy recommendations for intercurrent events typically seen in early‐stage oncology. We highlight where implicit assumptions should be made transparent as whenever follow‐up is suspended, a while‐on‐treatment strategy is implied.
Impact of digital economy on urban sustainable development: Evidence from Chinese cities
Authors: Liu Yang , Xie Yanxiang , Zhong Kaiyang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDigital economy takes data as its core input element and has high green value, but does the development of digital economy necessarily promote sustainable development? We use 286 Chinese cities from 2011 to 2019 as a case study to examine the impact of digital economy on urban sustainable development, and discuss the mechanisms of digital economy on urban sustainable development, heterogeneous impacts, threshold effects of environmental regulations, and the role of National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zone. It was found that: (1) The digital economy has green value and can effectively contribute to urban sustainable development. (2) The digital economy can achieve urban sustainable development by enhancing green technological innovation and human capital. (3) Environmental regulation has a threshold effect in the digital economy driving urban sustainable development. (4) The establishment of National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zone can promote urban sustainable development. (5) The polarization effect of the level of urban sustainable development in first‐tier and second‐tier cities is still increasing under the background of digital economy, which intensifies the “Matthew effect” among different levels of cities, and the inclusiveness of digital economy has not really been reflected in China. This study explores the influence and mechanism of digital economy on urban sustainable development in the context of China, which is of great theoretical and practical significance for developing countries to solve Solow productivity paradox and realize urban sustainable development in the new development stage.
Unveiling Cutting Edge Innovations in the Catalytic Valorization of Biodiesel Byproduct Glycerol into Value Added Products
Authors: Mohan Kavya , Pai Sunaja Devi Kalathiparambil Rajendra , Reghunath Baby Shalini , Pinheiro Dephan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe increasing production of biodiesel has led to a glut in the production of glycerol, which is a byproduct. This has resulted in the quest for alternative applications using glycerol as a cheap and readily available starting material. One promising approach is the catalytic valorization of glycerol, which converts glycerol into valuable chemicals such as 1,2‐propanediol, lactic acid, and acrolein. The glycerol formed affects the efficiency of the biodiesel, and hence it must be removed. Different processes can convert glycerol to various useful products like glycerol carbonate, glycidol, solketal, lactic acid, and glyceric acid. These different products, the processes used for synthesis, and the various catalysts used have been discussed. The most effective methods for the syntheses, the numerous catalyst systems, mechanisms of the reactions, and applications of these products in different fields are discussed in this review. The paper also discusses the challenges and opportunities of glycerol valorization, including the need for improved catalyst selectivity and activity and the potential for integrating glycerol valorization with other biorefinery processes. Overall, the catalytic valorization of glycerol offers a promising pathway for utilizing this abundantly available resource, and this review provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners working in this area.
Ultralight, Heat‐Insulated, and Tough PVA Hydrogel Hybridized with SiO2@cellulose Nanoclaws Aerogel via the Synergy of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Interfacial Interactions
Authors: Xie Yuqi , Li Zhaohui , Zhang Yawen , Lu Yunjie , Zhang Jianming , Zong Lu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLightweight porous hydrogels provide a worldwide scope for functional soft mateirals. However, most porous hydrogels have weak mechanical strength, high density (>1 g cm−3), and high heat absorption due to weak interfacial interactions and high solvent fill rates, which severely limit their application in wearable soft‐electronic devices. Herein, an effective hybrid hydrogel‐aerogel strategy to assemble ultralight, heat‐insulated, and tough polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/SiO2@cellulose nanoclaws (CNCWs) hydrogels (PSCG) via strong interfacial interactions with hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction is demonstrated. The resultant PSCG has an interesting hierarchical porous structure from bubble template (≈100 µm), PVA hydrogels networks introduced by ice crystals (≈10 µm), and hybrid SiO2 aerogels (<50 nm), respectively. PSCG shows unprecedented low density (0.27 g cm−3), high tensile strength (1.6 MPa) & compressive strength (1.5 MPa), excellent heat‐insulated ability, and strain‐sensitive conductivity. This lightweight porous and tough hydrogel with an ingenious design provides a new way for wearable soft‐electronic devices.
Unravel the Tangle: Atomistic Insight into Ultrahigh Curcumin‐Loaded Polymer Micelles
Authors: Kehrein Josef , Gürsöz Ekinsu , Davies Matthew , Luxenhofer Robert , Bunker Alex 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAmphiphilic ABA‐triblock copolymers, comprised of poly(2‐oxazoline) and poly(2‐oxazine), can solubilize poorly water‐soluble molecules in a structure‐dependent manner forming micelles with exceptionally high drug loading. All‐atom molecular dynamics simulations are conducted on previously experimentally characterized, curcumin‐loaded micelles to dissect the structure‐property relationships. Polymer–drug interactions for different levels of drug loading and variation in polymer structures of both the inner hydrophobic core and outer hydrophilic shell are investigated. In silico, the system with the highest experimental loading capacity shows the highest number of drug molecules encapsulated by the core. Furthermore, in systems with lower loading capacity outer A blocks show a greater extent of entanglement with the inner B blocks. Hydrogen bond analyses corroborate previous hypotheses: poly(2‐butyl‐2‐oxazoline) B blocks, found experimentally to have reduced loading capacity for curcumin compared to poly(2‐propyl‐2‐oxazine), establish fewer but longer‐lasting hydrogen bonds. This possibly results from different sidechain conformations around the hydrophobic cargo, which is investigated by unsupervised machine learning to cluster monomers in smaller model systems mimicking different micelle compartments. Exchanging poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) with poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) leads to increased drug interactions and reduced corona hydration; this suggests an impairment of micelle solubility or colloidal stability. These observations can help driving forward a more rational a priori nanoformulation design.