bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the past prologue? Part 1: a qualitative analysis of PDS dissertation research focused on learning
Authors: Garin Eva , Yendol-Hoppey Diane 
Published: August 2023

PurposeThis study provides an analysis of professional development school (PDS) dissertation research that focuses on learning in PDSs. These 103 dissertations written between 1990 and 2020 address an aspect of learning in PDS work, including inquiry as a pedagogical learning tool, student learning PK-12, intern/teacher candidate learning, university teacher educator learning, and inservice teacher learning. From the current exploration of PDS dissertations, most especially from the comparison studies, the authors have learned that there is still no clear path to presenting PDS as having a positive impact when compared with non-PDS experiences..Design/methodology/approachWithin each of these categories, the authors examine the dissertations by methodology and explore common themes among dissertation findings. As the PDS movement enters its third decade of inquiry and builds its efficacy on models of learning, the findings provide insight into the degree to which PDS scholars are building on the past to determine future PDS research agendas around learning.FindingsThe authors examine the dissertations by methodology and explore common themes among dissertation findings. The themes included: intern learning does happen in PDS sites; PDSs provide structures for intern learning; teacher educators can learn from their PDS work; dissertations in the area of student learning overwhelmingly had inconclusive findings, except for research that focused on targeted interventions, which demonstrated student gains.Research limitations/implicationsWith fewer PDS-focused dissertations being written in more recent years, the authors wonder if the complexity of PDS may be a deterrent to the growth and sustainability of this model?Practical implicationsFrom the current exploration of PDS dissertations, most especially from the comparison studies, the authors have learned that the authors still do not have a clear path to presenting PDS as having a positive impact when compared with non-PDS experiences. However, the authors are beginning to understand the types of studies that are needed to move this agenda forward and hope the work will help inform the PDS community of some.Originality/valueThis is the first known study of PDS dissertations across time.
The epiphytic orchid Vanda falcata is predominantly associated with a single Tulasnellaceae fungus in adulthood, and Ceratobasidiaceae fungi strongly induce its seed germination in vitro
Authors: Rammitsu Kento , Yamamoto Nao , Chamara R. M. S. Ruwan , Minobe Mutsumi , Kinoshita Akihiko , Kotaka Nobuhiko , Ogura‐Tsujita Yuki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVanda falcata is an epiphytic orchid native to East Asia with high horticultural and ornamental value. However, its wild populations are at risk of extinction due to overcollection and habitat loss. Orchids are highly dependent on mycorrhizal fungi for their nutrient acquisition from seed germination to adulthood; therefore, understanding their mycorrhizal associations throughout the life cycle is essential for their conservation. We investigated the mycorrhizal fungi of adult V. falcata plants through the molecular identification of root samples from 40 individual plants from 13 sites, covering a distance of 1200 km across Japan. To identify the fungi that promote V. falcata seed germination, we performed seed germination tests in vitro with fungal isolates from V. falcata and other epiphytic orchids. In adult plants, we detected a total of 11 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) within two fungal families, Ceratobasidiaceae and Tulasnellaceae, and a single Tulasnellaceae OTU (TU11) was found in samples from 12 sites. However, Vanda falcata seed germination and early development were induced in vitro by Ceratobasidiaceae fungi rather than Tulasnellaceae fungi, including TU11. These results suggest that different mycorrhizal fungi may be predominantly associated with V. falcata in the adult and seed germination stages. This mycorrhizal switching suggests that effective mycorrhizal fungi for conservation may differ between the adult and juvenile stages, even within a single orchid species. Our findings clarify the mycorrhizal associations of endangered epiphytic orchid species and could improve conservation efforts for these rare plants.
Motivation towards first trimester screening for preeclampsia among pregnant women in Denmark: A cross‐sectional questionnaire study
Authors: Gerdes Sandra Maria Behnke , Ekelund Charlotte Kvist , Rode Line , Miltoft Caroline Borregaard , Midtgaard Julie , Jørgensen Finn Stener , Pihl Kasper , Tabor Ann , Riishede Iben 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this cross‐sectional questionnaire study was to investigate motivation to participate in a possible new screening for preeclampsia in the first trimester of pregnancy among Danish pregnant women through a questionnaire based on Theory of Planned Behavior developed for this specific purpose. The new screening combines maternal characteristics with mean arterial pressure, uterine artery pulsatility index and biochemical markers to predict the risk of preeclampsia, whereas the current Danish screening uses maternal characteristics alone.Material and methodsParticipation was offered to a proportion of women attending a first or a second trimester screening scan at two University Hospitals in Copenhagen. The questionnaire was set up in REDCap® and answers were entered directly into the database, which was accessed via a QR‐code.ResultsWe invited 772 pregnant women to participate in the questionnaire survey between November 2021 and April 2022 at Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet (study site one) (n = 238) and Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre (study site two) (n = 534). The response rate was 71.8% (171/238) at study site one and 33.9% (181/534) at study site two. A total of 352 women were included in the study (total participation rate 45.6%). Most women had a positive attitude towards preeclampsia screening in pregnancy, and 99.4% said they would participate in a risk assessment for preeclampsia if given the opportunity. A total of 97.4% answered “yes” to whether a first trimester preeclampsia screening should be offered to all pregnant women in Denmark. Positive motivation to participate in preeclampsia screening was correlated with having a network with a positive attitude towards preeclampsia screening.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that Danish pregnant women have a positive attitude towards participation in a first trimester screening for preeclampsia. This observation might be useful in relation to possible future implementation in Denmark.
Initial establishment and validation of a predictive model for preeclampsia in twin pregnancies based on maternal characteristics and echocardiographic parameters
Authors: Xiang Qianqian , Wei Yuan , Feng Xinheng , Chen Shaomin , Zhao Yangyu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe primary objective of this study was to evaluate the association between maternal echocardiographic changes and the occurrence of preeclampsia (PE) in twin pregnancies. Additionally, we established and validated a prediction model for PE in twin pregnancies.Material and methodsThe first part of this study was retrospective and included data from 854 twin pregnancies that received antenatal care at Peking University Third Hospital from April 2017 to April 2021 (training cohort). Overall, 159 women who underwent transthoracic echocardiography were included in the analysis. To build a predictive model, cardiac findings were compared between normotensive women and those with PE. The model was then validated in a prospective longitudinal cohort (test cohort) that included 109 women with twin pregnancies who underwent two consecutive transthoracic echocardiography examinations during the second and third trimesters.ResultsFifty‐four normotensive women and 105 women with PE were analyzed in the retrospective cohort that was used to build the model in which later preeclampsia was associated with higher left ventricular mass index (>61 g/m2), interventricular septal thickness (>7.87 mm), left atrial anteroposterior diameter (>33.5 mm), mitral inflow late diastolic velocity (A) (>0.685 m/s), ratio of early diastolic velocity (E) and peak early diastolic myocardial velocity of the lateral mitral annulus (>6.5), and lower peak early diastolic myocardial velocity (<13.1 cm/s). The optimized PE prediction model based on the interventricular septal thickness, left atrial anteroposterior diameter, A, peak early diastolic myocardial velocity and pre‐pregnancy bodyweight index was then established (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.840, 95% CI 0.778–0.903, P < 0.001). The model was tested in the prospective cohort including 87 normotensive women and 22 women with PE; the validation test showed that the prediction model in the second (AUC = 0.801) and third (AUC = 0.811) trimesters had high discriminative ability and calibration.ConclusionsMaternal echocardiographic changes in twin pregnancies are associated with the development of preeclampsia. The model constructed, based on the echocardiographic parameters and body mass index, provides novel ideas for the prediction of PE.
Neurotechnology and ethics guidelines for human enhancement: The case of the hippocampal cognitive prosthesis
Authors: Erden Yasemin J. , Brey Philip 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNeurotechnologies offer both therapeutic and enhancement potential. In this article, we demonstrate how ethics guidelines can help with critical reflection on their potential for enhancement. We do this through the case of the hippocampal cognitive prosthesis. This prothesis developed in the US, has primarily therapeutic ends, with scope for enhancement. This technology raises several ethical issues, including as related to identity and memory, autonomy and authenticity. In the first section, we outline what we mean by enhancement, and introduce neurotechnologies generally and the hippocampal cognitive prosthesis specifically, with an introduction to generally relevant ethical issues. In the second section, we outline ethical issues pertinent to the hippocampal cognitive prosthesis and explore how ethics guidelines can help to promote essential critical reflection on a technology like this. Through all this, our emphasis is to balance between technological optimism and caution, especially where technologies have enhancement potential.
Direct oral anticoagulants versus aspirin for primary thromboprophylaxis in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing outpatient therapy: A systematic review and updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Costa Thomaz Alexandre , Felix Nicole , Costa Bruno Almeida , Godoi Amanda , Nogueira Alleh , Rossi Adriana 
Published: August 2023

SummaryPatients with multiple myeloma (MM) are at an elevated risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), which is further increased for those undergoing anti‐myeloma therapy. Current guidelines suggest low‐dose direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) as an alternative to aspirin for primary thromboprophylaxis in this population, but data comparing these two therapies are limited. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to compare DOACs with aspirin for primary thromboprophylaxis in individuals undergoing outpatient anti‐myeloma therapy. Studies were selected when comparing DOACs versus aspirin for thrombotic and haemorrhagic outcomes. We included 10 randomised controlled trials and observational studies comprising 1026 patients with MM who received primary thromboprophylaxis with DOACs (n = 337) or aspirin (n = 689). DOAC thromboprophylaxis was associated with a significantly lower incidence of VTE compared with aspirin (OR 0.33; 95% CI 0.16–0.68; p < 0.001). Major, clinically relevant non‐major and minor bleeding event rates did not differ significantly between groups. Overall, our meta‐analysis suggests that DOACs may be a preferable option to aspirin for the prevention of MM‐related thrombosis. However, these results should be interpreted in the context of heterogeneous baseline population characteristics and potential bias from including observational studies. Further research is needed to evaluate the optimal thromboprophylaxis strategy, particularly in high‐risk individuals.
Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire: Skill gaps and psychosocial predictors of transition readiness among adolescents and young adults with chronic medical conditions
Authors: Chapados Pascale , Provencher Sabrina , Aramideh Jennifer , Dumont Émilie , Lugasi Tziona , Laverdière Caroline , Sultan Serge , Desjardins Leandra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundTransferring from paediatric to adult care can be challenging. Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with chronic health conditions need to develop a specific set of skills to ensure lifelong medical follow‐up due to the chronicity of their condition. The Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire—French version (TRAQ‐FR) is a 19‐item questionnaire measuring such skills. The aims of the study were to (1) describe participant characteristics and (2) identify constructs related to, and predictors of, having learned domain‐specific transition readiness skills.MethodsParticipants included 216 AYAs aged 14–20 years (M = 15.93; SD = 1.35; 54.1% male) recruited from five outpatient clinics in a Canadian tertiary hospital. AYAs completed the TRAQ‐FR, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Descriptive, bivariate and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted.ResultsOverall, participants reported significantly higher scores on the Talking with Providers, Managing Daily Activities and Managing Medications subscales than on the Appointment Keeping and Tracking Health Issues subscales (F[41075] = 168.970, p < .001). At the item level, median scores (on a 5‐point Likert scale) suggest that AYAs had begun practising five of the 19 skills (median scores ≥4; ‘Yes, I have started doing this’), while a median score of 1 (‘No, I don't know how’) was found for one item (‘Do you get financial help with school or work?’). At the subscale level, TRAQ‐FR skills and skill gaps were related to AYAs' age, sex and PedsQL scores (ps < .05).ConclusionOlder and female AYAs were more likely to have begun practising specific TRAQ‐FR subscale skills. Better psychosocial functioning was also related to having learned specific transition readiness skills. AYAs show several gaps in transition readiness. Targeted intervention in transition readiness skill development could take into account AYAs' age, sex and psychosocial functioning for a successful transfer to adult care.
Edge‐Friend: Fast and Deterministic Catmull‐Clark Subdivision Surfaces
Authors: Kuth Bastian , Oberberger Max , Chajdas Matthäus , Meyer Quirin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe present edge‐friend, a data structure for quad meshes with access to neighborhood information required for Catmull‐Clark subdivision surface refinement. Edge‐friend enables efficient real‐time subdivision surface rendering. In particular, the resulting algorithm is deterministic, does not require hardware support for atomic floating‐point arithmetic, and is optimized for efficient rendering on GPUs. Edge‐friend exploits that after one subdivision step, two edges can be uniquely and implicitly assigned to each quad. Additionally, edge‐friend is a compact data structure, adding little overhead. Our algorithm is simple to implement in a single compute shader kernel, and requires minimal synchronization which makes it particularly suited for asynchronous execution. We easily extend our kernel to support relevant Catmull‐Clark subdivision surface features, including semi‐smooth creases, boundaries, animation and attribute interpolation. In case of topology changes, our data structure requires little preprocessing, making it amendable for a variety of applications, including real‐time editing and animations. Our method can process and render billions of triangles per second on modern GPUs. For a sample mesh, our algorithm generates and renders 2.9 million triangles in 0.58ms on an AMD Radeon RX 7900 XTX GPU.
Immune tolerance via FCR001 cell therapy compared with maintenance immunosuppression for kidney transplantation: Real‐world evidence analysis of safety and efficacy
Authors: Krieger Nancy , Chodoff Lawrence , Leventhal Joseph R. , Ho Bing , Richards Margaret , Schaumberg Debra A. , Laidlaw Douglas , Ildstad Suzanne T. , Axelrod David A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhile kidney transplantation (KTx) has traditionally required lifelong immunosuppression, an investigational stem cell therapy, FCR001, has been demonstrated to induce tolerance and eliminate the need for immunosuppression through the establishment of persistent mixed chimerism in a phase 2 clinical study. Real‐world evidence (RWE) methods were employed to compare the safety and efficacy of non‐myeloablative conditioning with FCR001 with standard of care [SOC] immunosuppression in a retrospective single‐center analysis of outcomes among propensity score matched living‐donor KTx receiving SOC (n = 144) or FCR001 (n = 36). Among the FCR001 recipients, 26 (72%) developed persistent chimerism allowing durable elimination of all immunosuppression. There was no significant difference in the composite primary endpoint (biopsy‐proven acute rejection [BPAR], graft loss, or death) at 60 months (FCR001 27.8%, n = 10 and SOC 28.5%, n = 41; p = .9). FCR001 recipients demonstrated superior kidney function at 5 years (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] [mean ± standard deviation]: 64.1 ± 15.3) compared to SOC (51.7 ± 18.8; p = .02). At 5 years, FCR001 recipients experienced fewer complications including new‐onset diabetes post‐transplant, although two patients developed graft versus host disease. In conclusion, RWE demonstrated that KTx combined with non‐myeloablative conditioning and FCR001 resulting in superior kidney function without increasing the risk of rejection, graft loss, or death among patients off immunosuppression.
Size‐mismatched transplantation from large donors to small recipients is associated with pancreas graft thrombosis: A retrospective national observational study
Authors: Kaku Keizo , Okabe Yasuhiro , Kubo Shinsuke , Sato Yu , Mei Takanori , Noguchi Hiroshi , Tomimaru Yoshito , Ito Toshinori , Kenmochi Takashi , Nakamura Masafumi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionDonor–recipient (D/R) size mismatch has been evaluated for a number of organs but not for pancreas transplantation.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 438 patients who had undergone pancreas transplantation. The D/R body surface area (BSA) ratio was calculated, and the relationship between the ratio and graft prognosis was evaluated. We divided the patients into two groups and evaluated graft survival. The incidence of pancreas graft thrombosis resulting in graft failure within 14 days and 1‐year graft survival were compared using Kaplan–Meier curves, and the prognostic factors associated with graft thrombosis were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsThe mean/median donor and recipient BSAs were 1.63 m2/1.65 m2, and 1.57 m2/1.55 m2, respectively; the mean and median D/R BSAs were both 1.05. The receiver operating characteristic curve cutoff for the D/R BSA ratio was 1.09, and significant differences were identified between patients with ratios of ≥1.09 (high group) versus <1.09 (low group). The incidence of graft thrombosis resulting in pancreas graft failure within 14 days was significantly higher in the high group than in the low group (p < .01). One‐year overall and death‐censored pancreas graft survival were significantly higher in the low group than in the high group (p < .01). Multivariate analysis identified recipient height, donor BSA, and donor hemoglobin A1c as significant independent factors for graft thrombosis. Cubic spline curve analysis indicated an increased risk of graft thrombosis with increasing D/R BSA ratio.ConclusionD/R size mismatch is associated with graft thrombosis after pancreas transplantation.
Kierkegaard on belief and credence
Authors: Quanbeck Z 
Published: August 2023

AbstractKierkegaard's pseudonym Johannes Climacus famously defines faith as a risky “venture” that requires “holding fast” to “objective uncertainty.” Yet puzzlingly, he emphasizes that faith requires resolute conviction and certainty. Moreover, Climacus claims that all beliefs about contingent propositions about the external world “exclude doubt” and “nullify uncertainty,” but also that uncertainty is “continually present” in these very same beliefs. This paper argues that these apparent contradictions can be resolved by interpreting Climacus as a belief‐credence dualist. That is, Climacus holds that beliefs and credences (i.e., degrees of belief) are two irreducibly distinct types of mental states. Beliefs are resolutions that close inquiry, thereby excluding doubt and reflecting subjective certainty by disregarding the possibility of error. Credences, by contrast, reflect assessments of evidential probabilities, thereby encoding a recognition of “objective uncertainty” by acknowledging the possibility of error. In addition to solving a vexing interpretive puzzle and showing how Kierkegaard anticipates contemporary views about the nature of belief and credence, this paper demonstrates that Kierkegaard developed a sophisticated account of the nature of belief, doubt, and certainty that merits serious philosophical consideration.
Population demographic history and evolutionary rescue: Influence of a bottleneck event
Authors: Olazcuaga Laure , Lincke Beatrice , DeLacey Sarah , Durkee Lily F. , Melbourne Brett A. , Hufbauer Ruth A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRapid environmental change presents a significant challenge to the persistence of natural populations. Rapid adaptation that increases population growth, enabling populations that declined following severe environmental change to grow and avoid extinction, is called evolutionary rescue. Numerous studies have shown that evolutionary rescue can indeed prevent extinction. Here, we extend those results by considering the demographic history of populations. To evaluate how demographic history influences evolutionary rescue, we created 80 populations of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, with three classes of demographic history: diverse populations that did not experience a bottleneck, and populations that experienced either an intermediate or a strong bottleneck. We subjected these populations to a new and challenging environment for six discrete generations and tracked extinction and population size. Populations that did not experience a bottleneck in their demographic history avoided extinction entirely, while more than 20% of populations that experienced an intermediate or strong bottleneck went extinct. Similarly, among the extant populations at the end of the experiment, adaptation increased the growth rate in the novel environment the most for populations that had not experienced a bottleneck in their history. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of considering the demographic history of populations to make useful and effective conservation decisions and management strategies for populations experiencing environmental change that pushes them toward extinction.