bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic obesity phenotypes and obesity‐related cancer risk in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Winn Maci , Karra Prasoona , Freisling Heinz , Gunter Marc J. , Haaland Benjamin , Litchman Michelle L. , Doherty Jennifer A. , Playdon Mary C. , Hardikar Sheetal 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionBody mass index (BMI) fails to identify up to one‐third of normal weight individuals with metabolic dysfunction who may be at increased risk of obesity‐related cancer (ORC). Metabolic obesity phenotypes, an alternate metric to assess metabolic dysfunction with or without obesity, were evaluated for association with ORC risk.MethodsNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants from 1999 to 2018 (N = 19,500) were categorized into phenotypes according to the metabolic syndrome (MetS) criteria and BMI: metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW), metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese (MUO). Adjusted multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations with ORC.ResultsWith metabolic dysfunction defined as ≥1 MetS criteria, ORC cases (n = 528) had higher proportions of MUNW (28.2% vs. 17.4%) and MUO (62.6% vs. 60.9%) phenotypes than cancer‐free individuals (n = 18,972). Compared with MHNW participants, MUNW participants had a 2.2‐times higher ORC risk [OR (95%CI) = 2.21 (1.27–3.85)]. MHO and MUO participants demonstrated a 43% and 56% increased ORC risk, respectively, compared to MHNW, but these did not reach statistical significance [OR (95% CI) = 1.43 (0.46–4.42), 1.56 (0.91–2.67), respectively]. Hyperglycaemia, hypertension and central obesity were all independently associated with higher ORC risk compared to MHNW.ConclusionsMUNW participants have a higher risk of ORC than other abnormal phenotypes, compared with MHNW participants. Incorporating metabolic health measures in addition to assessing BMI may improve ORC risk stratification. Further research on the relationship between metabolic dysfunction and ORC is warranted.
MHz‐driven snubberless zero‐current soft‐switching high step‐up DC‐DC converter with a multi‐resonant tank
Authors: Mishima Tomokazu , Miyazaki Ryusei , Lai Ching‐Ming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA novel high step‐up DC‐DC converter suitable for the power interface of fuel cells (FC) is presented in this paper. The proposed converter features a multi‐resonant tank for achieving high‐step up ratio under zero current soft switching (ZCS) without any snubber circuits. The simple and minimized‐component topology is beneficial for megahertz driving of gallium nitride (GaN) power transistors with effective reductions of switching loss, electromagnetic emission interference (EMI) noise, and ripple‐free DC input current. Mode‐transitional power stages are described in detail, following that the high step‐up principle is revealed by means of frequency‐domain analysis. The essential performances of the proposed circuit topology are demonstrated by simulation and experiment of 1.8 MHz‐120W prototype whereby effectiveness of the snubberless and multi‐resonant topology are verified from the practical point of view.
Effects of de‐esterification treatment of lemon pectin on its stable capability against protein precipitation in acidified milk drinks
Authors: Liu Liandi , Peng Xiuyi , Song Xiaoxiao , Huang Han , Yin Junyi , Nie Shaoping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this work, we extracted pectin from lemon peel and used pectin methyl‐esterase (PME) to obtain pectins with different degree of methyl esterification (DM). The effects of different de‐esterification treatments of lemon pectin (LP) on physicochemical properties, structural characteristics and its stable capability against protein precipitation in acidified milk drinks (AMDs) were systematically investigated. The results revealed that degree of methyl esterification (DM) decreased as the increasing of PME treatment time, whose DM values were 82.58%, 71.92%, 71.44%, 70.35%, 42.17%, and 32.54% for LP, LP‐E‐1, LP‐E‐2, LP‐E‐3, LP‐E‐4, and LP‐E‐5, respectively. There were no obvious differences in monosaccharide composition and molecular weight among the five fractions. The higher viscosities of LP‐E‐4 and LP‐E‐5 were probably attributed to the increase in zeta‐potential values and intrinsic viscosity, which would be explained by the removal of methoxy groups, resulting in stronger hydrogen bonds in solutions. Furthermore, LP‐E‐1, LP‐E‐2, and LP‐E‐3 had better AMDs stability against protein precipitation than LP, since they performed in better accelerated physical stability and storage stability, smaller particle size and lower Turbiscan stability index values. It suggested that PME de‐esterification on pectin could increase and concentrate its negative charges to wrap protein, while the remaining methoxy provides spatial resistance, both of which avoid protein precipitation.
Security concerns overIoTrouting using emerging technologies: A review
Authors: Kumar Ravinder , Malik Amita , Ranga Virender 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) provides a way to reach every hidden corner of the universe and provides valuable information for exploring the universe. With the advancement of hardware and computing technologies, IoT systems are developed based on systematically designed architectures. This paper discussed the routing protocol for low power lossy network (RPL) protocol's security vulnerabilities and proposed solutions. This review provides the main aspects of an IoT stack model with application, perception, and network layers. Then, the details and security concerns of the RPL protocol are given with the comparison of different frameworks. Different kinds of attacks, such as Wormhole, Sinkhole, and Denial of service attacks, are provided with the solution of defense‐based, threshold‐based, and trust‐supported based cryptography. Also, reviewed IoT security literature and focused on IoT security challenges and their solutions using emerging technologies like Machine Learning (ML), Blockchain, and Cloud Storage. A comparison and analysis of emerging technologies in the context of IoT security are also discussed. Due to the vulnerability of IoT devices, the scale of deployment, the attacks and suggested solutions are increased with scope and scale. In addition, related RPL‐based protocols are compared regarding energy efficiency, flexibility, scalability, robustness, and security. In the end, research challenges are identified, and future research direction for IoT security is suggested.
Numerical solutions to the Sharma–Tasso–Olver equation using Lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Feng Yingxin , Dai Houping , Wei Xuedan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA novel numerical scheme depending on Lattice Boltzmann method is proposed to solve the Sharma–Tasso–Olver equation in one, two and three dimension. The local equilibrium distribution functions and modified functions are obtained via Taylor expansion and Chapman–Enskog multiscale expansion techniques. The macro equation is recovered accurately based on the above functions, and the stability conditions of the equations are deduced. In addition, through simulating numerically some of the initial‐boundary value problems of multidimensional STO equations, the results demonstrate that the numerical solutions and the exact solutions tend to be identical. It also indicates that the model is feasible within a specific range and provides a reliable the approach for solving the multidimensional STO equations.
Adult‐onset depletion of sulfatide leads to axonal degeneration with relative myelin sparing
Authors: Dustin E. , McQuiston A. R. , Honke K. , Palavicini J. P. , Han X. , Dupree J. L. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract3‐O‐sulfogalactosylceramide (sulfatide) constitutes a class of sphingolipids that comprise about 4% of myelin lipids in the central nervous system. Previously, our group characterized a mouse with sulfatide's synthesizing enzyme, cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST), constitutively disrupted. Using these mice, we demonstrated that sulfatide is required for establishment and maintenance of myelin, axoglial junctions, and axonal domains and that sulfatide depletion results in structural pathologies commonly observed in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Interestingly, sulfatide is reduced in regions of normal appearing white matter (NAWM) of MS patients. Sulfatide reduction in NAWM suggests depletion occurs early in disease development and consistent with functioning as a driving force of disease progression. To closely model MS, an adult‐onset disease, our lab generated a “floxed” CST mouse and mated it against the PLP‐creERT mouse, resulting in a double transgenic mouse that provides temporal and cell‐type specific ablation of the Cst gene (Gal3st1). Using this mouse, we demonstrate adult‐onset sulfatide depletion has limited effects on myelin structure but results in the loss of axonal integrity including deterioration of domain organization accompanied by axonal degeneration. Moreover, structurally preserved myelinated axons progressively lose the ability to function as myelinated axons, indicated by the loss of the N1 peak. Together, our findings indicate that sulfatide depletion, which occurs in the early stages of MS progression, is sufficient to drive the loss of axonal function independent of demyelination and that axonal pathology, which is responsible for the irreversible loss of neuronal function that is prevalent in MS, may occur earlier than previously recognized.
Self‐stabilizing maintenance process in plant communities of alpine meadows under different grazing intensities
Authors: Lin Li , Xu Xingliang , Cao Guangmin , Zhang Fawei , Li Yikang , Huang Junjie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundsGrazing prohibition and reduced grazing intensity, as two important “vegetation close‐to‐nature recovery” methods, have been suggested as economical and effective technologies for enhancing forage production. However, numerous studies have found that the yield of forage could be increased by removing or reducing grazing in a short time in some steady stage of alpine Kobresia meadows, but not in others. To reveal the mechanism behind this phenomenon, we proposed a series of experiments.MethodsWe monitored the plant and soil characteristics in the key steady stages of Kobresia meadows under reduced and prohibited grazing conditions in the same geographic and climatic environments in the northeastern Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau for 6 years. We estimated the relationships between the plant community and soil nutrients and obtained the following results.ResultsAll measured variables were positively correlated with each other. The plant community structure had higher path coefficients to aboveground biomass, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen than to other factors. The plant community structure played an important role in response to grazing intensity. Different plant functional groups (PFGs) had different responses to grazing intensity, which led to plant community re‐establishment or re‐organization under different grazing intensities. Poaceae and Kobresia were more sensitive to grazing intensity than other PFGs, and the ratio of Kobresia biomass (including Kobresia humilis and Kobresia pygmaea) to the total biomass of Poaceae and Kobresia could be used as an indicator of regime shifts within plant communities. With Kobresia pygmaea as the dominant species, the prohibition of grazing was not an efficient approach to increase the yield in the steady stages because this treatment needed more time to recover aboveground biomass. If Poaceae is the dominant PFG, grazing should only be prohibited for 3 years in the steady stages because the aboveground biomass will decrease if grazing is prohibited for more than 3 years.ConclusionsTherefore, the different steady stages of alpine meadows require different recovery methods to increase recovery efficiency and speed.
Expanding Boundaries
Authors: Kaebnick Gregory E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this, the May‐June 2023, issue of the Hastings Center Report, articles and short pieces explore ethical issues found in the field of bioethics’ expanding boundaries and issues involving people who have been pushed to society's boundaries. In the lead article, Valerie Moyer, Amanda Zink, and Brendan Parent argue for allowing transgender kids to compete on sports teams that accord with their gender identity. Theodore Schall and Jacob Moses take a historical look at gender‐affirming care in the second article. They argue that a categorical distinction between trans and cis gender‐affirming care is unwarranted and that it draws on (and reinforces) unjust social attitudes about transgender people. The third article, by Coleman Solis et al., makes the case that, due to the economic, professional, and underlying social status of home care workers, the home care industry is not structured to provide the sort of care that should be its goal. And the last article, by Samuel Director, makes a carefully specified argument against the policies of nursing homes and similar facilities that prohibit residents who have dementia from engaging in sexually intimate interactions.
Examining the Ethics and Impacts of Laws Restricting Transgender Youth‐Athlete Participation
Authors: Moyer Valerie , Zink Amanda , Parent Brendan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs of this writing, twenty‐one states have passed laws barring transgender youth‐athletes from competing on public‐school sports teams in accordance with their gender identity. Proponents of these regulations claim that transgender females in particular have inherent physiological advantages that threaten a “level playing field” for their cisgender competitors. Existing evidence is limited but does not support these restrictions. Gathering more robust data will require allowing transgender youth to compete (rather than preemptively barring them), but even if trans females are shown to retain some advantage, this would not have greater moral significance than the many other “fair” physical and economic advantages found across sports. These regulations deprive transgender youth, an exceptionally vulnerable population, from the vast physical, mental, and social benefits of sports. While we advocate for transgender inclusion under our current, gender‐segregated model of sport, we propose changes to the overarching structure that would promote a more inclusive and fairer athletic environment.
Dementia and Concurrent Consent to Sexual Relations
Authors: Director Samuel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPhilosophers have become newly interested in the ethics of sex. One promising feature of this new discussion is that it has been broadening our moral lens to include individuals whose sexual interests have historically been denied or ignored. One such group is the elderly. Contrary to popular belief, many elderly people want to have sex and see it as a regular part of their lives. If society harbors ignorance about or prejudice against elderly sexuality, it harbors stronger views against the sexual expression of elderly people with dementia. People with dementia are often prohibited by nursing‐home staff, sometimes in extreme ways, from having sex with their partners. This prohibition is at least partly motivated by the goal of protecting the vulnerable. However, cutting people with dementia off from sex has negative health effects and is a needless restriction of their autonomy. In this article, I argue that the expanding moral lens in sexual ethics should include the sexual expression of elderly individuals with dementia and that their sexual expression should be respected. Specifically, I argue that many people with dementia are competent to consent to sexual activity with their long‐term partners.
Australian adults’ attitudes towards government actions to protect children from digital marketing of unhealthy food and drink products
Authors: Nuss Tegan , Chen Yan Jun Michelle , Scully Maree , Hickey Katarnya , Martin Jane , Morley Belinda 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedThis study assessed Australian adults' attitudes towards government actions to protect children from digital marketing of unhealthy food and drink products.MethodsAn online survey was undertaken by Australian adults aged 18–64 recruited via two national panels in December 2019 (N = 2044).ResultsMost respondents (69%) agreed the Government should protect children from unhealthy food and drink marketing and advertising broadly. Those who agreed most commonly indicated children should be protected up to age 16 (34%) or 18 (24%). There was widespread support for government actions to stop unhealthy food and drink marketing on digital platforms (e.g., internet sites) (68%–69%) and various digital marketing techniques (e.g., advertising by brands on social media) (56%–71%). A total ban on targeting unhealthy food and drink marketing to children online received the highest level of support (76%). Most respondents (81%) disagreed unhealthy food and drink companies should be able to collect children's personal information for marketing purposes. Support for examined actions was generally higher among older adults, more educated adults and more frequent internet users, lower among males, and similar between parents and non‐parents.ConclusionsThere is public perception that the government is responsible for protecting children, well into adolescence, from unhealthy food and drink marketing broadly. Widespread public support extends to specific actions to reduce children's exposure to digital marketing of unhealthy food and drink products.So What?Implementation of policies to protect children from digital marketing of unhealthy food and drink products would be well received by the Australian public.
Sociodemographic distribution and correlates of nonfatal unintentional non‐traffic‐related injuries in Kenya: Results from the 2014 demographic and health survey
Authors: Abio Anne , Ngum Peter , Lowery Wilson Michael , Bärnighausen Till , Lule Herman 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimInjuries are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. There exists a paucity of nationally representative injury data from the sub‐Saharan African region on the nature of injuries outside of road traffic contexts. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of nonfatal unintentional injuries that occurred outside of the traffic environment among persons aged 15–54 years in Kenya.MethodsWe used the 2014 Kenyan Demographic Health Survey data to estimate the prevalence of nonfatal unintentional injuries and their injury mechanisms. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of unintentional injuries and associated factors.ResultsInjury prevalence was three times higher among males (27.56%) compared to females (8.25%). The highest prevalence for females and males respectively was among those aged 15–19 years (9.80%) and (31.18%), rural residents (8.45%) and (30.05%) and those who consumed alcohol (18.13%), and (31.39%). For both females and males, the most frequent injuries were cuts (4.95%; 18.15%) and as result of falls (3.29%; 8.92%) respectively. Burns were more prevalent among females (1.65%) compared to males (0.76%). Among males, the demographic and contextual factors associated with nontraffic unintentional injuries were residing in a rural area (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.14, 1.56), primary education (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.48, 2.76), a higher wealth index (second quintile OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.19, 1.67) and consuming alcohol (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.32, 1.69). Females who had completed primary, secondary (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.92, 3.08) or higher education had higher odds of unintentional injuries.ConclusionThe findings mirror prior literature highlighting the clustering of demographic and behavioral factors which underlie predisposition to injuries outside of the traffic environment. Future nationally representative studies would benefit from deeper inquiry into and measurement of injury severity and health care utilization to inform strategic policy‐relevant research.
Gender diversity and patent quality: Evidence from Chinese patent data
Authors: Zhang Zhijie , Zong Qingqing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBased on the patent data from China National Intellectual Property Administration, we attempt to examine the effect of gender diversity in inventor teams on patent quality. We argue that gender diversity in inventor teams can promote patent quality, especially the invention patents that are high quality and radically innovative. Moreover, we find that the positive effect will be enhanced in places where women are well educated and improved by reducing gender discrimination. We propose that the effect will be more significant when market competition or market uncertainty is high as well as when the enterprises are private and growing. Ultimately, our study advocates that governments and enterprises should pay more attention to female labor forces, especially in the area of science and innovation, which is beneficial to improve innovation in China and eliminate gender inequality in the labor market.
Five stylized facts about producer organizations and rural development
Authors: Sellare Jorge , Jäckering Lisa , Kahsay Goytom , Meemken Eva‐Marie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProducer organizations (POs) receive substantial attention and policy support, given their potential to contribute to pro‐poor rural development. Here, we first synthesize decades of empirical research in the form of five stylized facts—common and largely unchallenged conclusions—about POs. Then, we explore these stylized facts using several secondary and primary data sets. We confirm some stylized facts, challenge others, and highlight which ones lack empirical evidence to derive policy implications and directions for future research. We highlight largely overlooked low and regionally biased participation rates and suggest that future research should pay more attention to the diverse forms and characteristics of POs.
Integrative proteomics and metabolomics analysis of non‐observable acute effect level PM2.5 induced accumulative effects in AC16 cells
Authors: Nan Bingru , Sun Xia , Yang Shijing , Huang Qingyu , Shen Heqing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChronic exposure to very low ambient PM2.5 has been linked to cardiovascular risks in epidemiological observation, which also brought doubts on its safety threshold. In this study, we approached this question by chronic exposure of AC16 to the non‐observable acute effect level (NOAEL) PM2.5 5 μg/mL and its positive reference 50 μg/mL, respectively. The doses were respectively defined on the cell viabilities >95% (p = 0.354) and >90% (p = 0.004) when treated acutely (24 h). To mimic the long‐term exposure, AC16 was cultured from the 1st to 30th generations and treated with PM2.5 24 h in every three generations. The integration of proteomic and metabolomic analysis was applied, and 212 proteins and 172 metabolites were significantly altered during the experiments. The NOAEL PM2.5 induced both dose‐ and time‐dependent disruption, which showed the dynamic cellular proteomic response and oxidation accumulation, the main metabolomics changes were ribonucleotide, amino acid, and lipid metabolism that have involved in stressed gene expression, and starving for energy metabolism and lipid oxidation. In summary, these pathways interacted with the monotonically increasing oxidative stress and led to the accumulated damage in AC16 and implied that the safe threshold of PM2.5 may be non‐existent when a long‐term exposure occurred.