bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trajectories of resilience to acute malnutrition in the Kenyan drylands
Authors: Bhavnani Ravi , Schlager Nina , Reul Mirko , Donnay Karsten 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionInsight into the resilience of local food systems—variability driven by climate, conflict, and food price shocks—is critical for the treatment and prevention of child acute malnutrition.MethodsWe use a combination of latent class mixed modeling and time-to-event analysis to develop and test a measure of resilience that is outcome-based, sensitive to specific shocks and stressors, and captures the enduring effects of how frequently and severely children face the risk of acute malnutrition.ResultsHarnessing a high-resolution longitudinal dataset with anthropometric information on 5,597 Kenyan households for the 2016–20 period, we identify resilience trajectories for 141 wards across Kenya. These trajectories—characterized by variation in the duration and severity of episodes of acute malnutrition—are associated with differential risk: (1) some 57% of wards exhibit an increasing trajectory—high household risk despite growing resilience; (2) 39% exhibit chronic characteristics—showing no real signs of recovery after an episode of crisis; (3) 3% exhibit robust characteristics—low variability with low-levels of individual household risk; whereas (4) 1% show a steady decrease in resilience—associated with high levels household risk.DiscussionOur findings highlight the importance of measuring resilience at the ward-level in order to better understand variation in the nutritional status of rural households.
Identification of Eimeria tenella sporozoite immunodominant mimotopes by random phage-display peptide libraries–a proof of concept study
Authors: Juárez-Estrada Marco A. , Tellez-Isaias Guillermo , Graham Danielle M. , Laverty Lauren , Gayosso-Vázquez Amanda , Alonso-Morales Rogelio A. 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionCoccidiosis, caused by parasites of numerous Eimeria species, has long been recognized as an economically significant disease in the chicken industry worldwide. The rise of anti-coccidian resistance has driven a search for other parasite management techniques. Recombinant antigen vaccination presents a highly feasible alternative. Properly identifying antigens that might trigger a potent immune response is one of the major obstacles to creating a viable genetically modified vaccine.MethodsThis study evaluated a reverse immunology approach for the identification of B-cell epitopes. Antisera from rabbits and hens inoculated with whole-sporozoites of E. tenella were used to identify Western blot antigens. The rabbit IgG fraction from the anti-sporozoite serum exhibited the highest reactogenicity; consequently, it was purified and utilized to screen two random Phage-display peptide libraries (12 mer and c7c mer). After three panning rounds, 20 clones from each library were randomly selected, their nucleotide sequences acquired, and their reactivity to anti-sporozoite E. tenella serum assessed. The selected peptide clones inferred amino acid sequences matched numerous E. tenella proteins.Results and ConclusionsThe extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor-like (EGF-like) repeats, and the thrombospondin type-I (TSP-1) repeats of E. tenella micronemal protein 4 (EtMIC4) matched with the c7c mer selected clones CNTGSPYEC (2/20) and CMSTGLSSC (1/20) respectively. The clone CSISSLTHC that matched with a conserved hypothetical protein of E. tenella was widely selected (3/20). Selected clones from the 12-mer phage display library AGHTTQFNSKTT (7/20), GPNSAFWAGSER (2/20) and HFAYWWNGVRGP (8/20) showed similarities with a cullin homolog, elongation factor-2 and beta-dynein chain a putative E. tenella protein, respectively. Four immunodominant clones were previously selected and used to immunize rabbits. By ELISA and Western blot, all rabbit anti-clone serums detected E. tenella native antigens.DiscussionThus, selected phagotopes contained recombinant E. tenella antigen peptides. Using antibodies against E. tenella sporozoites, this study demonstrated the feasibility of screening Phage-display random peptide libraries for true immunotopes. In addition, this study looked at an approach for finding novel candidates that could be used as an E. tenella recombinant epitope-based vaccine.
Conversion From Intravenous In-Hospital Belatacept Injection to Subcutaneous Abatacept Injection in Kidney Transplant Recipients During the First COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Order in France
Authors: Bertrand Dominique , Brunel Mélanie , Lebourg Ludivine , Scemla Anne , Lemoine Mathilde , Amrouche Lucile , Laurent Charlotte , Legendre Christophe , Guerrot Dominique , Anglicheau Dany , Sberro-Soussan Rebecca 
Published: July 2023

The first COVID-19 stay-at-home order came into effect in France on 17 March 2020. Immunocompromised patients were asked to isolate themselves, and outpatient clinic visits were dramatically reduced. In order to avoid visits to the hospital by belatacept-treated kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) during the initial period of the pandemic, we promptly converted 176 KTRs at two French transplant centers from once-monthly 5 mg/kg in-hospital belatacept infusion to once-weekly 125 mg subcutaneous abatacept injection. At the end of follow-up (3 months), 171 (97.16%) KTRs survived with a functioning graft, 2 (1.14%) had died, and 3 (1.70%) had experienced graft loss. Two patients (1.1%) experienced acute T cell–mediated rejection. Nineteen patients (10.80%) discontinued abatacept; 47% of the KTRs found the use of abatacept less restrictive than belatacept, and 38% would have preferred to continue abatacept. Mean eGFR remained stable compared to baseline. Seven patients (3.9%) had COVID-19; among these, two developed severe symptoms but survived. Only one patient had a de novo DSA. Side effects of abatacept injection were uncommon and non-severe. Our study reports for the first time in a large cohort that once-weekly injection of abatacept appears to be feasible and safe in KTRs previously treated with belatacept.
Suppression of Chitin-Triggered Immunity by Plant Fungal Pathogens: A Case Study of the Cucurbit Powdery Mildew Fungus Podosphaera xanthii
Authors: Bakhat Nisrine , Vielba-Fernández Alejandra , Padilla-Roji Isabel , Martínez-Cruz Jesús , Polonio Álvaro , Fernández-Ortuño Dolores , Pérez-García Alejandro 
Published: July 2023

Fungal pathogens are significant plant-destroying microorganisms that present an increasing threat to the world’s crop production. Chitin is a crucial component of fungal cell walls and a conserved MAMP (microbe-associated molecular pattern) that can be recognized by specific plant receptors, activating chitin-triggered immunity. The molecular mechanisms underlying the perception of chitin by specific receptors are well known in plants such as rice and Arabidopsis thaliana and are believed to function similarly in many other plants. To become a plant pathogen, fungi have to suppress the activation of chitin-triggered immunity. Therefore, fungal pathogens have evolved various strategies, such as prevention of chitin digestion or interference with plant chitin receptors or chitin signaling, which involve the secretion of fungal proteins in most cases. Since chitin immunity is a very effective defensive response, these fungal mechanisms are believed to work in close coordination. In this review, we first provide an overview of the current understanding of chitin-triggered immune signaling and the fungal proteins developed for its suppression. Second, as an example, we discuss the mechanisms operating in fungal biotrophs such as powdery mildew fungi, particularly in the model species Podosphaera xanthii, the main causal agent of powdery mildew in cucurbits. The key role of fungal effector proteins involved in the modification, degradation, or sequestration of immunogenic chitin oligomers is discussed in the context of fungal pathogenesis and the promotion of powdery mildew disease. Finally, the use of this fundamental knowledge for the development of intervention strategies against powdery mildew fungi is also discussed.
Characteristic Length for Pinning Force Density in Nb3Sn
Authors: Talantsev Evgeny F. , Valova-Zaharevskaya Evgeniya G. , Deryagina Irina L. , Popova Elena N. 
Published: July 2023

The pinning force density, Fp, is one of the main parameters that characterize the resilience of a superconductor to carrying a dissipative-free transport current in an applied magnetic field. Kramer (1973) and Dew-Hughes (1974) proposed a widely used scaling law for this quantity, where one of the parameters is the pinning force density maximum, Fp,max, which represents the maximal performance of a given superconductor in an applied magnetic field at a given temperature. Since the late 1970s to the present, several research groups have reported experimental data on the dependence of Fp,max on the average grain size, d, in Nb3Sn-based conductors. Fp,maxd datasets were analyzed and a scaling law for the dependence Fp,maxd=A×ln1/d+B was proposed. Despite the fact that this scaling law is widely accepted, it has several problems; for instance, according to this law, at T=4.2 K and d≥650 nm, Nb3Sn should lose its superconductivity, which is in striking contrast to experiments. Here, we reanalyzed the full inventory of publicly available Fp,maxd data for Nb3Sn conductors and found that the dependence can be described by the exponential law, in which the characteristic length, δ, varies within a remarkably narrow range of δ=175±13 nm for samples fabricated using different technologies. The interpretation of this result is based on the idea that the in-field supercurrent flows within a thin surface layer (thickness of δ) near grain boundary surfaces (similar to London’s law, where the self-field supercurrent flows within a thin surface layer with a thickness of the London penetration depth, λ, and the surface is a superconductor–vacuum surface). An alternative interpretation is that δ represents the characteristic length of the exponential decay flux pinning potential from the dominant defects in Nb3Sn superconductors, which are grain boundaries.
Characterization of Two AGAMOUS-like Genes and Their Promoters from the Cymbidium faberi (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Li Jiayi , Wang Ling , Chen Xiangjian , Zeng Lingtian , Su Yalan , Liu Zhixiong 
Published: July 2023

Arabidopsis AGAMOUS (AG) play roles in determining stamens’ and carpels’ identities, floral meristem determinacy, and repression of the A-function. Gynostemium fused by stamens and carpels is a characteristic reproductive structure in orchid flowers, which shows a considerable difference from the reproductive organs of eudicots and other monocot species. The molecular basis of orchid gynostemium development remains largely unknown. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of two AG-like genes, CyfaAG1 and CyfaAG2, and their promoters from C. faberi. Both CyfaAG1 and CyfaAG2 are highly expressed in the anther cap, gynostemium, and ovary. Ectopic expression of CyfaAG1 and CyfaAG2 promotes early flowering of wild-type Arabidopsis. Moreover, ectopic expression of CyfaAG1 completely rescues floral defects in the Arabidopsis ag-1 mutant, while ectopic expression of CyfaAG2 only completes filament and carpel development. Our findings suggest that CyfaAG1 acts as an evolutionarily conserved C-function gene in determining reproductive organ identity and mediating floral meristem determinacy. CyfaAG2 redundantly mediates the C-function in floral meristem determinacy and gynostemium development. Our results provided more details to understand how the C-class function has been partitioned in orchids, and the roles of two AG orthologs in regulating gynostemium development in C. faberi.
Maternal mental illness and child atopy: a UK population-based, primary care cohort study
Authors: Osam Cemre Su , Hope Holly , Ashcroft Darren M , Abel Kathryn M , Pierce Matthias 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThe number of children exposed to maternal mental illness is rapidly increasing and little is known about the effects of maternal mental illness on childhood atopy.AimTo investigate the association between maternal mental illness and risk of atopy among offspring.Design and settingRetrospective cohort study using a UK primary care database (674 general practices).MethodIn total, 590 778 children (born 1 January 1993 to 30 November 2017) were followed until their 18th birthday, with 359 611 linked to their hospital records. Time-varying exposure was captured for common (depression and anxiety), serious (psychosis), addiction (alcohol and substance misuse), and other (eating and personality disorder) maternal mental illness from 6 months before pregnancy. Using Cox regression models, incidence rates of atopy were calculated and compared for the exposed and unexposed children in primary (asthma, eczema, allergic rhinitis, and food allergies) and secondary (asthma and food allergies) care, adjusted for maternal (age, atopy history, smoking, and antibiotic use), child (sex, ethnicity, and birth year/season), and area covariates (deprivation and region).ResultsChildren exposed to common maternal mental illness were at highest risk of developing asthma (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15 to 1.20) and allergic rhinitis (aHR 1.17, 95% CI = 1.13 to 1.21), as well as a hospital admission for asthma (aHR 1.29, 95% CI = 1.20 to 1.38). Children exposed to addiction disorders were 9% less likely to develop eczema (aHR 0.91, 95% CI = 0.85 to 0.97) and 35% less likely to develop food allergies (aHR 0.65, 95% CI = 0.45 to 0.93).ConclusionThe finding that risk of atopy varies by type of maternal mental illness prompts important aetiological questions. The link between common mental illness and childhood atopy requires GPs and policymakers to act and support vulnerable women to access preventive (for example, smoking cessation) services earlier.
PROGRAM PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT TIDAK MENULAR (PTM) BERBASIS MASJID DI DESA GUMPANG KARTASURA
Authors: Suratih Kanthi , Cahyanto Erindra Budi 
Published: July 2023

Jumlah penderita diabetes mellitus di Indonesia tahun 2030 diperdiksi oleh WHO menyentuh angka 13, 7 juta jiwa. Prevalensi hipertensi akan terus meningkat tajam diprediksikan tahun 2025 sekitar 29% orang dewasa di seluruh dunia menderita hipertensi. Hipertensi telah mengakibatkan kematian sekitar 8 juta orang setiap tahun 1,5 juta kematian terjadi di Asia Tenggara, yang sepertiga populasinya menderita hipertensi. Pemantauan status kesehatan sebagai upaya screening awal untuk mendukung usaha promotive dan preventif kejadian penyakit tidak menular di masyarakat. Metode dengan mengoptimalisasikan peran masyarakat berbasis masjid, dalam upaya mendukung peningkatan kesehatan di masyarakat. Kegiatan pendampingan masyarakat melalui kegiatan screening kesehatan secara mandiri meliputi pemeriksaan tekanan darah dan pemeriksaan darah seperti kadar gula darah dan kolesterol serta mendapatkan pendidikan kesehatan terkait masalah kesehatan yang banyak diderita oleh usia dewasa. Hasil kegiatan program pencegahan PTM ini dihadiri peserta kegiatan sejumlah 59 orang didapatkan bahwa sebesar 32 % memiliki kadar kolesterol tingi, kemudian sebanyak 16 % kadar gula darah tinggi dan 24 % peserta program mengalami hipertensi Kata Kunci: diabetes mellitus; hipertensi,; kolesterol; pencegahan; penyakit tidak menularMOSQUE BASED NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES PREVENTION PROGRAM INGUMPANG KARTASURA VILLAGEAbstract The number of people with diabetes mellitus in Indonesia in 2030 is predicted by WHO to touch 13.7 million people. The prevalence of hypertension will continue to increase sharply, it is predicted that in 2025 around 29% of adults worldwide suffer from hypertension. Hypertension has resulted in the death of around 8 million people every year. 1.5 million deaths occur in Southeast Asia, where one third of the population suffers from hypertension. Monitoring health status as an initial screening effort to support promotive and preventive efforts for non-communicable diseases in the community. The method is by optimizing the role of mosque-based communities, in an effort to support health improvement in the community. Community assistance activities through independent health screening activities include checking blood pressure and blood tests such as blood sugar and cholesterol levels as well as obtaining health education related to health problems that many adults suffer. The results of the PTM prevention program activities were attended by 59 activity participants, it was found that 32% had high cholesterol levels, then as many as 16% had high blood sugar levels and 24% of program participants had hypertension. Keywords: diabetes mellitus; hypertension,; cholesterol; prevention; non-communicable disease
Knowledge Adolescent Girls About Vaginal Discharge
Authors: Widiarti Luna , Rachmawati Dewi , Sunarno Imam 
Published: July 2023

Vaginal discharge is a reproductive health problem that occurs in most adolescence girls at school. Adolescence girls don't know that if they experience vaginal discharge, the symptoms heal on their own and are not a serious condition. The aim is to find out the knowledge of adolescence girls about vaginal discharge at SMPN 1 Wates. The design uses descriptive with a sample of 30 respondents, the inclusion criteria are adolescence gils aged 12-14 years who have their first menstruation and have vaginal discharge problems. The sampling technique was purposive sampling with questionnaire data collection instruments. Data was taken at SMPN 1 Wates in January-February 2021. The results showed that the knowledge of adolescent girls about vaginal discharge was in the good category as much as 77.5%, in the sufficient category as much as 16.5% and in the poor category as much as 6.2%. It is hoped that health workers will routinely provide health education and youth will actively increase their knowledge through various available media. Keywords: vaginal discharge; knowledge; adolescent girlsPengetahuan Remaja Putri Tentang KeputihanABSTRAK Keputihan menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan reproduksi yang terjadi pada sebagian besar siswi remaja disekolah. Siswi remaja tidak tahu kalau mengalami keputihan, gejalanya sembuh sendiri dan bukan kondisi serius. Tujuan mengetahui pengetahuan remaja putri tentang keputihan di SMPN 1 Wates. Desain menggunakan deskriptif dengan sampel 30 responden, kriteria inklusi remaja putri usia 12-14 tahun yang pertama kali mestruasi dan mempunyai masalah keputihan. Teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling dengan instrumen pengumpulan data lembar kuesioner. Data diambil di SMPN 1 Wates bulan Januari-Februari 2021. Hasil menunjukkan pengetahuan remaja putri tentang keputihan kategori baik sebanyak 77,5%, kategori cukup sebanyak 16,5% dan kategori kurang 6,2%. Diharapkan tenaga kesehatan secara rutin memberikan pendidikan kesehatan dan remaja aktif meningkatkan wawasan melalui berbagai media yang tersedia. Kata kunci: keputihan; pengetahuan; remaja putri
The Effect Of Sexual Relationship Health Education During Pregnancy On The Anxiety Of Primigravid Mothers In The New Normal Period
Authors: Wibowo Ayu Galuh , Mawardika Tina 
Published: July 2023

Sexual intercourse during pregnancy is still a taboo among the people around Ungaran City, Semarang Regency, giving rise to anxiety and concern about fulfilling sexual needs during pregnancy which generally occurs among primigravida mothers due to a lack of experience and knowledge regarding sexuality during pregnancy. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of health education on sexual intercourse during pregnancy on anxiety among primigravida mothers. Quantitative method by way of quasi experiment, nonequivalent control group design approach. The first group was given health education through animated video media and the other group was not given any treatment. Measuring tool with a questionnaire that is measured comparatively analytically in pairs. The research sampling technique used purposive sampling. The population in this study were 376 pregnant women and the research sample was 38 primigravida mothers who live in Ungaran City, Semarang Regency. Analysis used the Mann Whitney test with a value of α (0.05). Results: Statistical test results using the Mann Whitney test obtained Z count (-2.634) > Z table -1.96 and p-value (0.008) < α (0.05). Conclusion: There is an effect of health education about sexual intercourse during pregnancy on the anxiety level of primigravida mothers. Keywords: sexual relationship; worry; primigravidaPengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Hubungan Seksual Selama Kehamilan Terhadap Kecemasan Ibu Primigravida Pada Masa Kenormalan BaruABSTRAK Hubungan seksual selama masa kehamilan masih menjadi hal yang tabu di kalangan masyarakat sekitar Kota Ungaran, Kabupaten Semarang, sehingga menimbulkan kecemasan dan kekhawatiran mengenai pemenuhan kebutuhan seksual pada masa kehamilan yang umumnya sering terjadi pada ibu primigravida karena kurangnya pengalaman dan pengetahuan terkait seksualitas selama kehamilan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang hubungan seksual selama masa kehamilan terhadap kecemasan pada ibu primigravida. Metode secara kuantitatif dengan cara quasi experiment, pendekatan nonequivalen control grup design. Kelompok pertama diberi pendidikan kesehatan melalui media video animasi dan kelompok lain tidak diberi perlakuan. Alat ukur dengan kuesioner yang diukur secara analitik komparatif berpasangan. Teknik pengambilan sampling penelitian menggunakan purposive sampling. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 376 ibu hamil dan sampel penelitian berjumlah 38 ibu primigravida yang berdomisili di Kota Ungaran Kabupaten Semarang. Analisis menggunakan uji Mann Whitney dengan nilai α (0,05). Hasil: Hasil uji statistik dengan menggunakan uji mann whitney diperoleh nilai Z hitung (-2,634) > Z tabel -1,96 dan nilai p-value (0,008) < α (0,05). Simpulan: Ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang hubungan seksual selama masa kehamilan terhadap tingkat kecemasan ibu primigravida. Kata kunci: hubungan seksual; kecemasan; primigravida
Patient-Centeredness in Pharmaceutical Care
Authors: Al-Rusasi Ahmad 
Published: July 2023

Background information: Pharmacy is a longstanding profession, although there have been changes in pharmacists’ roles over time. The change toward a patient-centered approach is recognized as an entirely different concept from the technical concept of dispensing.
The pharmacist’s natural attitude primarily relies on pharmacologic knowledge of medications, the product, the use of counseling as the major approach with patients, and an emphasis on medication adherence as a goal. Though, besides a pharmacologic understanding, the knowledge of the patient and the knowledge of the experience of the patient, from his or her own perspective, are essential to help the pharmacist assess and ensure that a medication is indicated, effective, safe, and convenient. Therefore, to be able to work with patients in a patient-centered manner, the pharmacist must acknowledge a broader scope of knowledge that will account for a more comprehensive approach.
Conclusion: To practice in a truly patient-centered manner, pharmacist must understand that patients want to be heard and seen as individuals with unique experiences and responses to medications. This knowledge is needed to enhance pharmacists’ basic pharmacotherapeutic understanding and provide for care of patients as individuals with unique experiences and stories and situated in community, culture, and society. Likewise, to help patients with their medications, pharmacist must begin to understand medications as patients experience them. This includes understanding their experiences with illness as well as their feelings about medications.