bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial–Immune Crosstalk in Elderly-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Unchartered Territory
Authors: Meng Guanmin , Monaghan Tanya M , Duggal Niharika A , Tighe Paddy , Peerani Farhad 
Published: February 2023

AbstractElderly-onset inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients exhibit a distinct natural history compared to younger IBD patients, with unique disease phenotypes, differential responses to therapy, and increased surgical morbidity and mortality. Despite the foreseeable high demand for personalized medicine and specialized IBD care in the elderly, current paradigms of IBD management fail to capture the required nuances of care for elderly-onset IBD patients. Our review postulates the roles of systemic and mucosal immunosenescence, inflammageing and a dysbiotic microbial ecosystem in the pathophysiology of elderly-onset IBD. Ultimately, a better understanding of elderly-onset IBD can lead to improved patient outcomes and the tailoring of future preventative and treatment strategies.
Using Stable Isotopes to Determine Natal Origin and Feeding Habits of the Army Cutworm Moth,Euxoa auxiliaris(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Dittemore Clare M , Tyers Daniel B , Weaver David K , Nunlist Erika A , Sowell Bok F , Peterson Erik , Peterson Robert K D 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe army cutworm, Euxoa auxiliaris (Grote), is a migratory noctuid that is both an agricultural pest and an important late-season food source for grizzly bears, Ursus arctos horribilis (Linnaeus, Carnivora: Ursidae), within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Beyond the confirmation of the moths’ seasonal, elevational migration in the mid-1900s, little else has been documented about their migratory patterns. To address this missing ecological component, we examined (1) migratory routes during their spring and fall migratory periods throughout their natal range, the Great Plains, and (2) natal origin at two of their summering ranges using stable hydrogen (δ2H) analyses of wings from samples collected within the areas of interest. Stable carbon (δ13C) and stable nitrogen (δ15N) analyses of wings were used to evaluate larval feeding habits of the migrants and agricultural intensity of natal origin sites, respectively. Results suggest that, rather than migrating exclusively east to west, army cutworm moths are also migrating north to south during their spring migration. Moths did not exhibit natal origin site fidelity when returning to the Great Plains. Migrants collected from the Absaroka Range had the highest probability of natal origin in Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, the most southern region of the Northwest Territories, and second highest probability of origin in Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho. Migrants collected in the Lewis Range had the highest probability of origin in the same provinces of Canada. Results suggest that migrants of the Absaroka Range fed exclusively on C3 plants as larvae and rarely fed in heavily fertilized agroecosystems.
Isolated cardiac involvement of a primary myeloid sarcoma: a case report of an unusual cause of pulmonary oedema
Authors: Salisbury Thomas , Al-Mohammad Abdallah , Pirzada Omar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundMyeloid sarcoma, also known as chloroma, is a pathologic diagnosis for an extramedullary proliferation of blasts of one or more of the myeloid lineages. It is an uncommon manifestation of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), although the diagnosis may occur prior to or after diagnosis of AML. Cardiac infiltration by myeloid sarcoma is extremely rare, and of the few published cases, a diagnosis of leukaemia was almost always already present.Case summaryThis is a 52-year-old patient admitted to the hospital with acute shortness of breath, with a large amorphous mass found on computed tomography scan invading the myocardium and causing heart failure. Echocardiography demonstrated multiple cardiac masses. A bone marrow biopsy was non-diagnostic. An endomyocardial biopsy confirmed a cardiac primary myeloid sarcoma. The patient was successfully treated with chemotherapy with complete resolution of the cardiac infiltration and of the heart failure.DiscussionWe present this rare case of primary cardiac myeloid sarcoma and discuss current literature relevant to this effectively unique presentation. We discuss the use of endomyocardial biopsy in the diagnosis of cardiac malignancy and the advantages of early diagnosis and management of this unusual cause of heart failure.
Utility of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing eosinophilic myocarditis in a patient recently recovered from COVID-19: a grand round case report
Authors: Rao Karan , Arustamyan Michael , Walling Abby , Christodoulidis Georgios , Ashwath Mahi , Hagedorn Joshua , Priya Sarv 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundEosinophilic myocarditis (EM) secondary to eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare disease, for which cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) is a useful non-invasive modality for diagnosis. We present a case of EM in a patient who recently recovered from COVID-19 and discuss the role of CMRI and endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) to differentiate between COVID-19–associated myocarditis and EM.Case summaryA 20-year-old Hispanic male with a history of sinusitis and asthma, and who recently recovered from COVID-19, presented to the emergency room with pleuritic chest pain, dyspnoea on exertion, and cough. His presentation labs were pertinent for leucocytosis, eosinophilia, elevated troponin, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. The electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia. Echocardiogram showed an ejection fraction of 40%. The patient was admitted, and on day 2 of admission, he underwent CMRI which showed findings of EM and mural thrombi. On hospital day 3, the patient underwent right heart catheterization and EMB which confirmed EM. The patient was treated with steroids and mepolizumab. He was discharged on hospital day 7 and continued outpatient heart failure treatment.DiscussionThis is a unique case of EM and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction as a presentation of EGPA, in a patient who recently recovered from COVID-19. In this case, CMRI and EMB were critical to identify the cause of myocarditis and helped in the optimal management of this patient.
Health-related quality of life in cardiac sarcoidosis: a systematic review
Authors: Quijano-Campos Juan Carlos , Sekhri Neha , Thillai Muhunthan , Sanders Julie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
People living with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) are likely to have worse clinical outcomes and greater impairment on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) than other sarcoidosis manifestations. CS can result in a constellation of intrusive symptoms (such as palpitations, dizziness, syncope/pre-syncope, chest pain, dyspnoea, orthopnoea, or peripheral oedema) and/or life-threatening episodes, requiring consideration of invasive cardiac procedures for diagnosis and for the management of acute events. Additionally, the presence of multisystemic involvement and persistent non-specific sarcoidosis symptoms negatively affect HRQoL. A systematic review was undertaken to explore the impact of CS on HRQoL in adults with CS. Multiple bibliographic databases were searched for studies with HRQoL as primary or secondary outcomes in CS (PROSPERO registration: CRD42019119752). Data extraction and quality assessments were undertaken independently by two authors. From the initial 1609 identified records, only 11 studies included CS patients but none specifically reported HRQoL scores for CS patients. The average representation of CS patients was 14.5% within these cohorts (range 2–22%). The majority (73%) was conducted in single-centre tertiary care settings, and only one study (9%) included longitudinal HRQoL data. CS patients were among those sarcoidosis patients with impaired HRQoL and worse outcomes, requiring higher doses of sarcoidosis-specific therapy which contribute to further deterioration of HRQoL. Sarcoidosis studies do not incorporate stratified HRQoL scores for CS patients. While there is a need for longitudinal and multicentre studies assessing HRQoL outcomes in CS cohorts, the development of CS-specific tools is also needed.
Association of socioeconomic status in the incidence, quality-of-care metrics, and outcomes for patients with cardiogenic shock in a pre-hospital setting
Authors: Bloom Jason E , Wong Nathan , Nehme Emily , Dawson Luke P , Ball Jocasta , Anderson David , Cox Shelley , Chan William , Kaye David M , Nehme Ziad , Stub Dion 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Aims
The relationship between lower socioeconomic status (SES) and poor cardiovascular outcomes is well described; however, there exists a paucity of data exploring this association in cardiogenic shock (CS). This study aimed to investigate whether any disparities exist between SES and the incidence, quality of care or outcomes of CS patients attended by emergency medical services (EMS).

Methods and results
This population-based cohort study included consecutive patients transported by EMS with CS between 1 January 2015 and 30 June 2019 in Victoria, Australia. Data were collected from individually linked ambulance, hospital, and mortality datasets. Patients were stratified into SES quintiles using national census data produced by the Australian Bureau of Statistics.
A total of 2628 patients were attended by EMS for CS. The age-standardized incidence of CS amongst all patients was 11.8 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 11.4–12.3] per 100 000 person-years, with a stepwise increase from the highest to lowest SES quintile (lowest quintile 17.0 vs. highest quintile 9.7 per 100 000 person-years, P-trend &lt; 0.001). Patients in lower SES quintiles were less likely to attend metropolitan hospitals and more likely to be received by inner regional and remote centres without revascularization capabilities. A greater proportion of the lower SES groups presented with CS due to non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) or unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and overall were less likely to undergo coronary angiography. Multivariable analysis demonstrated an increased 30-day all-cause mortality rate in the lowest three SES quintiles when compared with the highest quintile.

Conclusion
This population-based study demonstrated discrepancies between SES status in the incidence, care metrics, and mortality rates of patients presenting to EMS with CS. These findings outline the challenges in equitable healthcare delivery within this cohort.
Anterolateral territory coronary artery bypass grafting strategies: a non-inferiority randomized clinical trial: the AMI-PONT trial
Authors: Stevens Louis-Mathieu , Chartrand-Lefebvre Carl , Mansour Samer , Béland Vincent , Soulez Gilles , Forcillo Jessica , Basile Fadi , Prieto Ignacio , Noiseux Nicolas 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The main objective was to assess whether a composite coronary artery bypass grafting strategy including a saphenous vein graft bridge to distribute left internal mammary artery outflow provides non-inferior patency rates compared to conventional grafting surgery with separated left internal mammary artery to left anterior descending coronary graft and aorto-coronary saphenous vein grafts to other anterolateral targets.

METHODS
All patients underwent isolated grafting surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and received ≥2 grafts/patients on the anterolateral territory. The graft patency (i.e. non-occluded) was assessed using multislice spiral computed tomography at 1 year.

RESULTS
From 2012 to 2021, 208 patients were randomized to a bridge (n = 105) or conventional grafting strategy (n = 103). Patient characteristics were comparable between groups. The anterolateral graft patency was non-inferior in the composite bridge compared to conventional grafting strategy at 1 year [risk difference 0.7% (90% confidence interval –4.8 to 6.2%)]. The graft patency to the left anterior descending coronary was no different between groups (P = 0.175). Intraoperatively, the bridge group required shorter vein length for anterolateral targets (P &lt; 0.001) and exhibited greater Doppler flow in the mammary artery pedicle (P = 0.004). The composite outcome of death, myocardial infarction or target vessel reintervention at 30 days was no different (P = 0.164).

CONCLUSIONS
Anterolateral graft patency of the composite bridge grafting strategy is non-inferior to the conventional grafting strategy at 1 year. This novel grafting strategy is safe, efficient, associated with several advantages including better mammary artery flow and shorter vein requirement, and could be a valuable alternative to conventional grafting strategies. Ten-year clinical follow-up is underway.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01585285.
Gender and the rural–urban divide: family wealth and first marriage among young adults in China
Authors: Zhang Yang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In recent decades, owing to rapidly rising marriage expenses, family wealth has gained importance in regard to one’s first marriage. Nevertheless, little is known about how family wealth shapes first marriage in China, where gender and the rural–urban divide affect marriage practices. Drawing on six waves of data from the China Family Panel Studies, I used discrete-time hazard models and a prospective research design to examine the link between family wealth and the subsequent first marriage of young adults aged 16–40 years, and to identify how this link varies by gender and hukou status. The findings indicate a strong positive association between household total asset value and first marriage for rural men and women, and urban men. They also show that ownership of major household assets was positively associated with men’s first marriage, but not with that of women. However, household savings were more predictive for rural women’s first marriage, compared to that of rural men. Family wealth inequality provides a new lens for understanding the marriage patterns of young adults in China. Gendered marriage practices and family wealth arrangements may contribute to women’s disadvantaged positions in wealth possession and accumulation and result in the perpetuation of gender inequality.
Detecting frequency-dependent selection through the effects of genotype similarity on fitness components
Authors: Sato Yasuhiro , Takahashi Yuma , Xu Chongmeng , Shimizu Kentaro K 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFrequency-dependent selection (FDS) is an evolutionary regime that can maintain or reduce polymorphisms. Despite the increasing availability of polymorphism data, few effective methods are available for estimating the gradient of FDS from the observed fitness components. We modeled the effects of genotype similarity on individual fitness to develop a selection gradient analysis of FDS. This modeling enabled us to estimate FDS by regressing fitness components on the genotype similarity among individuals. We detected known negative FDS on the visible polymorphism in a wild Arabidopsis and damselfly by applying this analysis to single-locus data. Further, we simulated genome-wide polymorphisms and fitness components to modify the single-locus analysis as a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The simulation showed that negative or positive FDS could be distinguished through the estimated effects of genotype similarity on simulated fitness. Moreover, we conducted the GWAS of the reproductive branch number in Arabidopsis thaliana and found that negative FDS was enriched among the top-associated polymorphisms of FDS. These results showed the potential applicability of the proposed method for FDS on both visible polymorphism and genome-wide polymorphisms. Overall, our study provides an effective method for selection gradient analysis to understand the maintenance or loss of polymorphism.
Multi-generation selective landscapes and sub-lethal injuries in stickleback
Authors: Reimchen Thomas E , Bergstrom Carolyn A 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe interaction between predation landscape and phenotypic variability within prey populations is of substantial significance in evolutionary biology. Extending from several decades of studies at a remote freshwater lake on Haida Gwaii, western Canada, we analyze the incidence of predator-induced sub-lethal injuries in 8,069 wild-captured threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and using cohort analyses test whether the distribution of injuries informs the selective landscape influencing the bell-shaped frequency distribution of the traits. Our results indicate that (1) the incidence of injuries varies among phenotypes differing in the number and position of lateral plates, (2) these differences occur only among younger fish, (3) the incidence of injuries is inversely related to the estimated population frequencies of plate phenotypes, with the modal phenotype generally having the fewest injuries, (4) direct estimates of selective differentials and relative fitness based on analyses of 1,735 fish from 6 independent yearly cohorts indicates statistically informative elevated differentials in phenotypes with greater number of plates and elevated relative fitness of non-modal phenotypes, and (5) there are significant differences among yearly cohorts in strength and direction of selection, and an increased prevalence of diversifying versus stabilizing selection despite longer-term stasis (4 decades) in trait means. We conclude that the presence of multiple “optimal” phenotypes complements the renewed interests in quantifying short-term temporal or spatial variation in ecological processes in studies of fitness landscapes and intrapopulation variability.
The impact of variation in out-of-hours doctors’ referral practices: a Norwegian registry-based observational study
Authors: Blinkenberg Jesper , Hetlevik Øystein , Sandvik Hogne , Baste Valborg , Hunskaar Steinar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
In a gatekeeping system, the individual doctor’s referral practice is an important factor for hospital activity and patient safety.

Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate the variation in out-of-hours (OOH) doctors’ referral practice, and to explore these variations’ impact on admissions for selected diagnoses reflecting severity, and 30-day mortality.

Methods
National data from the doctors’ claims database were linked with hospital data in the Norwegian Patient Registry. Based on the doctor’s individual referral rate adjusted for local organizational factors, the doctors were sorted into quartiles of low-, medium-low-, medium-high-, and high-referral practice. The relative risk (RR) for all referrals and for selected discharge diagnoses was calculated using generalized linear models.

Results
The OOH doctors’ mean referral rate was 110 referrals per 1,000 consultations. Patients seeing a doctor in the highest referring practice quartile had higher likelihood of being referred to hospital and diagnosed with the symptom of pain in throat and chest, abdominal pain, and dizziness compared with the medium-low quartile (RR 1.63, 1.49, and 1.95). For the critical conditions of acute myocardial infarction, acute appendicitis, pulmonary embolism, and stroke, we found a similar, but weaker, association (RR 1.38, 1.32, 1.24, and 1.19). The 30-day mortality among patients not referred did not differ between the quartiles.

Conclusions
Doctors with high-referral practice referred more patients who were later discharged with all types of diagnoses, including serious and critical conditions. With low-referral practice, severe conditions might have been overlooked, although the 30-day mortality was not affected.
Evidence of structural rearrangements in ESBL-positive pESI(like) megaplasmids ofS.Infantis
Authors: Alba Patricia , Carfora Virginia , Feltrin Fabiola , Diaconu Elena Lavinia , Sorbara Luigi , Dell'Aira Elena , Cerci Tamara , Ianzano Angela , Donati Valentina , Franco Alessia , Battisti Antonio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of pESI(like)-positive, multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. Infantis in Europe is a cause of major concern. As previously demonstrated, the pESI(like) megaplasmid is not only a carrier of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) genes (at least tet, dfr, and sul genes), but also harbours several virulence and fitness genes, and toxin/antitoxin systems that enhance its persistence in the S. Infantis host. In this study, five prototype pESI(like) plasmids, of either CTX-M-1 or CTX-M-65 ESBL-producing strains, were long-read sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT), and their complete sequences were resolved. Comparison of the structure and gene content of the five sequenced plasmids, and further comparison with previously published pESI(like) sequences, indicated that although the sequence of such pESI(like) ‘mosaic’ plasmids remains almost identical, their structures appear different and composed of regions inserted or transposed after different events. The results obtained in this study are essential to better understand the plasticity and the evolution of the pESI(like) megaplasmid, and therefore to better address risk management options and policy decisions to fight against AMR and MDR in Salmonella and other food-borne pathogens.Graphical representation of the pESI-like plasmid complete sequence (ID 12037823/11). Block colours indicate the function of the genes: red: repB gene; pink: class I integrons (IntI); yellow; mobile elements; blue: resistance genes; green: toxin/anti-toxin systems; grey: mer operon; light green: genes involve in conjugation.
A Chromosome-length Assembly of the Black Petaltail (Tanypteryx hageni) Dragonfly
Authors: Tolman Ethan R , Beatty Christopher D , Bush Jonas , Kohli Manpreet , Moreno Carlos M , Ware Jessica L , Weber K Scott , Khan Ruqayya , Maheshwari Chirag , Weisz David , Dudchenko Olga , Aiden Erez Lieberman , Frandsen Paul B 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe present a chromosome-length genome assembly and annotation of the Black Petaltail dragonfly (Tanypteryx hageni). This habitat specialist diverged from its sister species over 70 million years ago, and separated from the most closely related Odonata with a reference genome 150 million years ago. Using PacBio HiFi reads and Hi-C data for scaffolding we produce one of the most high-quality Odonata genomes to date. A scaffold N50 of 206.6 Mb and a single copy BUSCO score of 96.2% indicate high contiguity and completeness.
Horizontal Gene Transfer and Fusion Spread Carotenogenesis Among Diverse Heterotrophic Protists
Authors: Rius Mariana , Rest Joshua S , Filloramo Gina V , Novák Vanclová Anna M G , Archibald John M , Collier Jackie L 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThraustochytrids (phylum: Labyrinthulomycota) are nonphotosynthetic marine protists. Some thraustochytrids have crtIBY, a trifunctional fusion gene encoding a protein capable of β-carotene biosynthesis from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. Here we show that crtIBY is essential in, and encodes the sole pathway for, carotenoid biosynthesis in the thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium limacinum ATCC MYA-1381. We explore the evolutionary origins of CrtIBY and discover that the closest related protein domains are present in a small but diverse group of other heterotrophic protists, including the apusomonad Thecamonas trahens and the dinoflagellates Oxyrrhis marina and Noctiluca scintillans. Each organism within this cluster also contains one or more β-carotene 15-15′ oxygenase genes (blh and rpe65), suggesting that the acquisition of β-carotene biosynthesis genes may have been related to the production of retinal. Our findings support a novel origin of eukaryotic (apo)carotenoid biosynthesis by horizontal gene transfer from Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and/or Archaea. This reveals a remarkable case of parallel evolution of eukaryotic (apo)carotenogenesis in divergent protistan lineages by repeated gene transfers.