bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Falls and healthcare use in infants under 12 months in South Korea: a cross-sectional online survey
Authors: Han Soo-Yeon , Kim Cho Hee 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background:Falls are a common cause of unintentional injury in infants. This study investigated the mechanisms underlying infant falls and healthcare use, measured as hospital visits.Methods:This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design and an online survey. The questionnaire investigated the general characteristics of parents and infants, fall-related variables, and healthcare use.Results:The analysis showed that the most significant falls occurred when the infants were 6.97 months old. Most fall incidents occurred indoors (95.2%), even when the caregivers were supervising the infants (68.0%). The most frequent circumstances of falls were due to falling off furniture (75.3%) and falling from the caregiver’s arms (9.5%). Following infant falls, 36.4% of the participants visited hospitals, and infants who visited hospitals were diagnosed with concussions and lacerations. The logistic regression analysis revealed that healthcare use following infant falls was significantly associated with being a firstborn child (odds ratio [OR]: 5.32) and falling from a caregiver’s arms (OR: 4.22).Conclusion:As falls occur at an early age, parental education is required during the perinatal period. Education should include methods for preventing and coping with infant falls.
Endothelial Pim3 kinase protects the vascular barrier during lung metastasis
Authors: Santio Niina , Ganesh Keerthana , Kaipainen Pihla , Hänninen Satu , Carpén Olli , Saharinen Pipsa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Endothelial cells (ECs) form a tissue-specific barrier for disseminating cancer cells in distant organs. However, the molecular regulation of the ECs in the metastatic niche is poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the transcriptional reprogramming of ECs in the lung metastatic niche six hours after the arrival of melanoma cells in the niche. We discovered a novel EC cluster derived from venous capillaries in response to infiltrating cancer cells, which was enriched for cell-cell communication pathways, including the Dll4, Vegf and Il6-Jak-Stat pathways. The Jak-Stat activated oncogenic Pim3 kinase was a marker of the cancer responding ECs, being upregulated in spontaneous metastasis models and in ECs of human cancer. Notably, PIM inhibition increased vascular leakage and metastatic colonization in vivo and impaired the EC barrier via decreased junctional Cadherin-5 and catenins α, β and δ. Thus, PIM3 protects the EC barrier in the metastatic niche, which may impair the efficacy of PIM inhibitors in cancer therapies.
Earthquake loss assessment procedures for regional buildings using random story-based structure models
Authors: Yang Zhi , Xiong Feng , Lu Yang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
There are many types and huge number of buildings in urban areas, and the seismic capacity of individual buildings are quite different, so are their seismic damage when stricken by strong earthquakes. Compared with the conventional earthquake damage matrices, physics-based earthquake loss assessment method using dynamic analyses on each individual building are more advantageous. However, it is usually difficult to obtain detailed building information at a regional scale in order to create their physical computation models. As a result, it is not possible to simulate accurately the response of each of the actual buildings. To this end, earthquake loss assessment procedures of regional buildings based on story-based random structure model is proposed. Using just little building information which can easily be acquired from GIS, a large number of story-based structure samples can be generated quickly using empirical design data of typical structures, thereby reasonably estimating building structures in a probabilistic manner. Quantitative definitions of damage state and loss contribution of the story-based structure model are proposed. Based on results of nonlinear dynamic time history analyses, seismic loss of structures is evaluated with sufficient accuracy and efficiency. The results show that the proposed model improves the accuracy of seismic response simulation by considering the spatial distribution characteristics of the components and randomness of the story-based structure. The proposed earthquake loss assessment procedures can be used to assess earthquake loss of a large number of regional buildings quickly, providing a basis for decision regarding urban earthquake disaster prevention.
A new model for gravitational waves
Authors: Friedman Yaakov , Himi Oriel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We present a new model of gravitational waves based on a new representation of the gravitational field. The field is described by a Lorentz-invariant action function is defined directly from the sources of the field at the retarded time on a flat spacetime background. The. The field of a moving, spherically symmetric body can be decomposed into near and far components which are defined explicitly. Assuming a superposition principle, we obtain an explicit description of the strain caused by gravitational waves generated by binary stars or black hole mergers, without the need of a linear approximation and gauge choice. Under this assumption, the gravitational waves are longitudinal. We also obtain an explicit formula for ratios of the amplitudes as measured by different detectors. This able us to test if the polarization can be longitudinal. We show that the event GW170814 can be explained in our model
Privacy-Aware Anomaly Detection in IoT Environments using FedGroup: A Group-Based Federated Learning Approach
Authors: Zhang Yixuan , Suleiman Basem , Alibasa Muhammad Johan , Farid Farnaz 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Concerns on the data security and privacy of smart home users have been growing popularity due to the rising usage of IoT devices. Many traditional machine learning techniques have been used to perform anomaly detections. However, these models need to send private IoT data to a central model for validation and training, raising security and efficiency issues. We propose a new Federated Learning (FL) method called FedGroup, which adopts the FedAvg method, but it updates the learning of the central model based on the learning changes brought by each group of IoT devices. Our experimental results showed that FedGroup achieved same or better anomaly detection accuracy compared to other federated and non-federated learning methods. Furthermore, we showed how ensemble learning may be used to connect many contributing models for superior average prediction performance. FedGroup also improve the detection of attack type detection and attack type detail detection. By comparing our new models with baseline models, our models performed better showing an accuracy of 99.64% accuracy with 0.02% FPR on attack type detection and 99.89% accuracy on attack type detail detection.
Aromatic Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Landraces of Indo-Gangetic Plains of India Harbor Rich Genetic Diversity as Revealed by Phenotypic Traits and Microsatellite Markers
Authors: Bairwa Rakesh Kumar , Yadav Mahesh C. , Tiwari Shailesh , Mahendran Aswin , Ellur Ranjith Kumar , Krishnan S. Gopala 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains are vital for food security of half of the global population. India has rich diversity for aromatic rice landraces. In order to assess the genetic diversity and population structure in these specialty rices, we characterized 92 germplasm accessions of aromatic rice landraces of Indo-Gangetic Plain region including 10 popular landraces of other states of India using 23 phenotypic traits and 48 microsatellite markers. Landrace accessions displayed huge variability for plant height (PH), culm length (CL), flag-leaf length, auricle colour, leaf-blade pubescence and colour, panicle bearing tillers, panicle length (PL), peduncle length (PdL), panicle exsertion, grain length (GL), grain breadth (GB), hull colour and thousand grain weight (TGW). First five principal components contributed 81.24% phenotypic variation. High positive associations were found between PH and CL (r = 0.83), PdL and PL (0.66), GL and TGW (0.78), and GB and TGW (0.59). Molecular analysis with 48 genome-wide HvSSR markers revealed 11.0 alleles per locus, which evidently showed that a high level of DNA polymorphism exists between landrace accessions. The structure analysis revealed four subpopulations with numerous accessions sharing alleles with other groups. Gene diversity assay revealed high levels of gene diversity (HE = 0.83), Shannon's Information index (I = 1.99) and gene flow (Nm = 1.51) between accessions of aromatic rice landraces. Wright′s F-statistics revealed moderate genetic differentiation (FST = 0.14) among subpopulations and high degree of inbreeding (FIS=0.92) within subpopulations. This was also supported by high polymorphism information content (PIC = 0.806) and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), which revealed 79% variance among genotypes. The unique and rare alleles could be used for DNA fingerprinting and differentiation of genotypes. A high number of multiple alleles were observed in number of landrace accessions, which showed the presence of heterogeneity and heterozygotes in the landrace materials. The results of present study are useful for utilization of the landraces in genetic enhancement programmes specially designed for rice quality improvement and consumer's preference.
Curvature, integrability, and the six sphere
Authors: Clemente Gabriella 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This note is about the interplay between the almost-hermitian and Riemannian geometries of a manifold. These geometries can be seen to interact through curvature. The main result is an obstruction equation to the integrability of almost-complex structures orthogonal with respect to Riemannian metrics with constrained sectional curvature. Several geometric consequences ensue, such as a formula for the norm of the Levi-Civita covariant derivative of a hypothetical orthogonal complex structure. Our results lead to a partial recovery of the well-known fact that the round 6-sphere S6 is not hermitian. The partial proof is intrinsic in nature, and shows some level of promise when it comes to generalizing the non-complexity of the round S6 result in new directions.
Vitiligo and Associated Psychological Comorbidities: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Analysis in an Urban Population
Authors: Montgomery  , Syder Nicole , Barajas Gabrielle , Elbuluk  
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Vitiligo is a chronic disorder of depigmentation, which can have profound psychological effects on affected individuals. The primary objective of this study was to identify the association between vitiligo and psychological comorbidities. This was a retrospective, cross-sectional chart review study of patients seen over a ten-year period (2009-2019) at a private and public hospital in Los Angeles. There were 2,638 patients with vitiligo included. Both depression and anxiety were significantly higher in the public hospital population (8.1% and 6.4%, respectively) than in the private population (3.0% and 2.7%, respectively) (p<0.0001 and p=0.0001, respectively). The percentage of vitiligo patients with depression and anxiety in the public hospital population was significantly higher than the general US population (p=0.038 and p<0.0001, respectively). When stratifying for race/ethnicity, rates of depression and anxiety were significantly increased in non-White patients compared to White patients in both hospital settings. These results suggest that both SES and race/ethnicity can have a significant impact on psychological comorbidity in vitiligo patients. Dermatologists and other clinicians should be screening for psychological comorbidity in all patients with a diagnosis of vitiligo, especially those with lower SES or of minority racial/ethnic backgrounds, in order to help ensure holistic and equitable care.
Immunometabolic aspects of chronic nonspecific inflammation in obesity
Authors: Skvortsova O. V. , Migacheva N. B. , Mikhailova E. G. 
Published: June 2023

The disappointing results of epidemiological studies in recent years continue to attract the attention of scientists to obesity - one of the most acute medical and social problems of our time. In the last few decades, adipose tissue has been regarded as an immunobiological and endocrine organ that secretes a large number of hormones, adipokines and growth factors that play an important role in regulating energy homeostasis and a variety of immune processes. The latest results of molecular genetic, immunometabolic, morphological and microbiological studies force scientists to approach the study of this complex issue from different angles. One of them is a change in the work of the immune system in conditions of overweight, which is based on the formation of chronic nonspecific inflammation. The presented review examines the pathogenetic mechanisms of the formation of the inflammatory process against the background of obesity, in the development of which several stages are currently conditionally distinguished: adipocyte hypertrophy, hypoxia, adipocyte necrosis, cellular infiltration and the formation of fibrosis. The article also analyzes modern scientific data on the relationship of chronic inflammation with complications of obesity and the physiological characteristics of the child's body, which can be an important link in the formation of metabolic disorders. In addition, the authors discuss the possible connection of the formation of various obesity phenotypes with a violation of the implementation of certain immune mechanisms – an area in which there is currently a significant amount of disagreement and unresolved issues. Further study of the phenotypes of obesity is one of the key points underlying the formation of metabolic disorders in this disease.
GPU-parallelisation of Haar wavelet-based grid resolution adaptation for fast finite volume modelling: application to shallow water flows
Authors: Chowdhury Alovya Ahmed , Kesserwani Georges , Rougé Charles , Richmond Paul 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Wavelet-based grid resolution adaptation driven by the ‘multiresolution analysis’ (MRA) of the Haar wavelet (HW) allows to devise an adaptive first-order finite volume (FV1) model (HWFV1) that can readily preserve the modelling fidelity of its reference uniform-grid FV1 counterpart. However, the MRA entails an enormous computational effort as it involves ‘encoding’ (coarsening), ‘decoding’ (refining), analysing and traversing modelled data across a deep hierarchy of nested, uniform grids. GPU-parallelisation of the MRA is needed to handle its computational effort, but its algorithmic structure (1) hinders coalesced memory access on the GPU and (2) involves an inherently sequential tree traversal problem. This work redesigns the algorithmic structure of the MRA in order to parallelise it on the GPU, addressing (1) by applying Z-order space-filling curves and (2) by adopting a parallel tree traversal algorithm. This results in a GPU-parallelised HWFV1 model (GPU-HWFV1). GPU-HWFV1 is verified against its CPU predecessor (CPU-HWFV1) and its GPU-parallelised reference uniform-grid counterpart (GPU-FV1) over five shallow water flow test cases. GPU-HWFV1 preserves the modelling fidelity of GPU-FV1 while being up to 30 times faster. Compared to CPU-HWFV1, it is up to 200 times faster, suggesting that the GPU-parallelised MRA could be used to speed up other FV1 models.
Climate change impact on streamflow and suspended sediment load in the flood-prone river basin
Authors: Ranjan Rajesh , Mishra Ashok 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Understanding the relationship between climate change and changes in streamflow and suspended sediment load (SSL) at the regional scale is critical for future decisions on water resource management. Hence, this study assessed the projected climate change impact on streamflow and SSL based on CMIP6 projections in the flood-prone Mahanadi River Basin (MRB) using the SWAT model. Bias-corrected climate data from five global climate models under medium and extreme shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) were utilized as an input to the SWAT model for the baseline (1985–2014), near future (NF, 2020–2046), and mid future (MF, 2047–2073) periods. Rainfall is expected to increase by 2.86% (2.19%) and 13.35% (16.98%) in the NF and MF, respectively, under SSP245 (SSP585). Streamflow and SSL may increase by 6.38% (6.06%) and 4.43% (7.89%) in the NF and by 29.78% (36.90%) and 37% (46.43%) in the MF, respectively, under SSP245 (SSP585) scenario. Also, streamflow and SSL exhibited an increasing trend in most months as well as in most seasons. The findings may be helpful to decision-makers in identifying watershed management plans by offering more information on how climate change affects the hydro-sedimentological processes in a flood-prone river basin.
An integrated method for extended-range prediction of heavy Precipitation process in the flood season over Hunan Province based on S2S models
Authors: Mao Chengmin , Zhang Jianming , Zeng Yuxing , Zhao Hui , Peng Jiadong , Tang Yihao , Peng Shaofeng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Floods in the middle reaches of Yangtze River threaten millions of people and cause casualties and economic losses. Yet, the prediction of floods especially on the sub-seasonal scale in this region is still challenging. To better predict the floods during the flood season (from April to August) in Hunan Province, the models from the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) that participated in the sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) prediction project were chosen to evaluate their extended-range (the next 11–30 days) prediction skills for heavy precipitation. The original prediction score of single model (original score), the score of single model using optimal threshold of heavy precipitation (adjusted score) and the score of multi-model integration (integrated score) were calculated by the scoring rules for heavy precipitation process. The results show that the integrated score in the extended-range is 75.1, which is 10.3 and 6.9 higher than the average scores of original models and adjusted method, respectively. The false alarm (missing) rate of the integrated method is 5.4% (33.9%), which is 8.6% (4.7%) and 2.9% (3.3%) smaller than the average rates of original models and adjusted method, respectively.
Geo-electrical investigation for characterizing the shallow Quaternary aquifer parameters and vulnerability to contamination: a case study from semi-arid Khanasser Valley region, Syria
Authors: Asfahani Jamal 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Schlumberger configuration was used to carry out 34 vertical electrical sounding (VES) measurements for estimating and characterizing the shallow Quaternary aquifer parameters and its vulnerability to surficial contamination in the region of Khanasser Valley, Northern Syria. The data of VES are interpreted by the curve matching technique (CMT) and WinResist software package to get one dimensional (1D) geoelectrical solution model for each study VES point. The electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), porosity (Ø%), the overburden protective capacity (OPC), and the corrosion (Corr) of the study aquifer were revealed by parameters of longitudinal conductance and transverse resistance of Dar-Zarrouk results. The protective capacity for the shallow Quaternary aquifer is classified as 56% poor, indicating high vulnerability to contamination, 5.9% weak, 14.7% moderate, 20.6% good, and 2.9% excellent. The ratings of corrosivity for the study region are classified as 26.5% slightly corrosive (SC), 61.8% moderately corrosive (MC), 5.9% very strongly corrosive (VSC), and 5.9% practically noncorrosive (PNC).
Implementation at full scale of demand-driven biogas production from anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge
Authors: Lafratta Mauro , Thorpe Rex B. , Ouki Sabeha K. , Shana Achame , Willcocks Mark , Germain Eve , Lee Jacquetta 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In a net-zero emissions scenario, a secure supply of electricity involves renewable generators that can flexibly increase their production when needed. Currently, electricity generation from biogas in the water industry is most commonly at a steady level, given Anaerobic Digestion (AD) is traditionally operated in steady state. This research demonstrated at different scales that demand-driven biogas production from AD of sewage sludge is feasible. Performance parameters are not negatively affected by a flexible feeding schedule and stability parameters show transitional imbalances that do not threaten the overall process. This paper presents the trial implementation in digesters of volume 3800 m3, which became permanent. Economic and environmental benefits exist; however, in order to unlock the full potential of flexible electricity generation from sewage sludge, synergies between technical, operational and political factors in the water and energy sectors need to be developed.
Ascertaining the Career Intentions of Medical Students (AIMS) in the United Kingdom Post Graduation: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Ferreira Tomas , Collins Alexander M , Horvath Rita 
Published: June 2023

Background
Among doctors in the United Kingdom, there is growing sentiment regarding delaying specialist training, emigrating to practice medicine abroad, or leaving the profession altogether. This trend may have substantial implications for the future of the profession in the United Kingdom. The extent to which this sentiment is also present in the medical student population is not well understood.

Objective
Our primary outcome is to determine current medical students’ career intentions after graduation and upon completing the foundation program and to establish the motivations behind these intentions. Secondary outcomes include determining which, if any, demographic factors alter the propensity to pursue different career paths available to a medical graduate, determining which specialties medical students plan on pursuing, and understanding current views on the prospect of working in the National Health Service (NHS).

Methods
The Ascertaining the Career Intentions of Medical Students (AIMS) study is a national, multi-institution, and cross-sectional study in which all medical students at all medical schools in the United Kingdom are eligible to participate. It was administered via a novel, mixed methods, and web-based questionnaire and disseminated through a collaborative network of approximately 200 students recruited for this purpose. Both quantitative and thematic analyses will be performed.

Results
The study was launched nationally on January 16, 2023. Data collection was closed on March 27, 2023, and data analysis has commenced. The results are expected to be available later in the year.

Conclusions
Doctors’ career satisfaction within the NHS is a well-researched topic; however, there is a shortage of high-powered studies that are able to offer insight into medical students’ outlook on their future careers. It is anticipated that the results of this study will bring clarity to this issue. Identified areas of improvement in medical training or within the NHS could be targeted to improve doctors’ working conditions and help retain medical graduates. Results may also aid future workforce-planning efforts.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/45992