bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a yeast reporter gene assay to detect ligands of freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna ultraspiracle, a homolog of vertebrate retinoid X receptors
Authors: Ito‐Harashima Sayoko , Tsubouchi Yumiko , Takada Eiji , Kawanishi Masanobu , Yagi Takashi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEndocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) often affect homeostatic regulation in living organisms by directly acting on nuclear receptors (NRs). Retinoid X receptors (RXRs), the most highly conserved members of the NR superfamily during evolution, function as partners to form heterodimers with other NRs, such as retinoic acid, thyroid hormone, and vitamin D3 receptors. RXRs also homodimerize and induce the expression of target genes upon binding with their natural ligand, 9‐cis‐retinoic acid (9cRA), and typical EDCs organotin compounds, such as tributyltin and triphenyltin. In the present study, we established a new yeast reporter gene assay (RGA) to detect the ligands of freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna ultraspiracle (Dapma‐USP), a homolog of vertebrate RXRs. D. magna has been used as a representative crustacean species for aquatic EDC assessments in the Organization for Economic Corporation and Development test guidelines. Dapma‐USP was expressed along with the Drosophila melanogaster steroid receptor coactivator Taiman in yeast cells carrying the lacZ reporter plasmid. The RGA for detecting agonist activity of organotins and o‐butylphenol was improved by use of mutant yeast strains lacking genes encoding cell wall mannoproteins and/or plasma membrane drug efflux pumps as hosts. We also showed that a number of other human RXR ligands, phenol and bisphenol A derivatives, and terpenoid compounds such as 9c‐RA exhibited antagonist activity on Dapma‐USP. Our newly established yeast‐based RGA system is valuable as the first screening tool to detect ligand substances for Dapma‐USP and for evaluating the evolutionary divergence of the ligand responses of RXR homologs between humans and D. magna.
Characterization of cerebrovascular changes in mice treated with alcohol by photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Sun Weikang , Cai Bingdong , Rao Jie , Zhou Feifan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlcohol has complex effects on cerebrovascular health. Monitoring the pathology of alcohol induced cerebrovascular changes in vivo is essential for understanding the mechanism and developing potential treatment strategies. Here, photoacoustic imaging was employed to examine cerebrovascular changes in mice under the treatment of alcohol at different doses. By analyzing the association of cerebrovascular structure, hemodynamics, neuronal function and corresponding behavior, we found that alcohol affected brain function and behavior in a dose‐dependent manner. Low dose of alcohol increased cerebrovascular blood volume and activated neurons, without addictive behaviors and cerebrovascular structure changes. With the dose increased, cerebrovascular blood volume gradually decreased, triggering obviously progressive effects on the immune microenvironment, cerebrovascular structure and addictive behavior. These findings will provide further insights into the characterization of the biphasic effects of alcohol.
Biomechanical CT to Assess Bone After Sleeve Gastrectomy in Adolescents With Obesity: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Huber Florian A , Singhal Vibha , Tuli Shubhangi , Stanford Fatima C , Carmine Brian , Bouxsein Mary L , Misra Madhusmita , Bredella Miriam A 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTSleeve gastrectomy (SG) is effective in treating cardiometabolic complications of obesity but is associated with bone loss. Our aim was to determine the effect of SG on the lumbar spine by biomechanical CT analysis in adolescents/young adults with obesity. We hypothesized that SG would lead to a decrease in strength and bone mineral density (BMD) compared with nonsurgical controls. In a 12‐month prospective nonrandomized study, adolescents/young adults with obesity underwent SG (n = 29, 18.0 ± 2.1 years, 23 female) or were followed without surgery (controls, n = 30, 17.95 ± 3.0 years, 22 female). At baseline and 12 months, participants underwent quantitative computed tomography (QCT) of L1 and L2 for biomechanical assessment and MRI of the abdomen and mid‐thigh for body composition assessment. Twelve‐month changes between groups and within groups were assessed. Analyses were controlled for baseline and 12‐month changes in body mass index (BMI) by multivariable analyses. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of body composition on bone parameters. Our institutional review board (IRB) approved the study, and informed consent/assent was obtained. Participants in the SG group had a higher baseline BMI than controls (p = 0.01) and lost an average of 34.3 ± 13.6 kg 12 months after surgery, whereas weight was unchanged in controls (p < 0.001). There were significant reductions in abdominal adipose tissue and thigh muscle area in the SG group compared with controls (p < 0.001). Bone strength, bending stiffness, and average and trabecular volumetric BMD decreased in the SG group compared with controls (p < 0.001). After controlling for change in BMI, a 12‐month reduction in cortical BMD was significant in the SG group compared with controls (p = 0.02). Reductions in strength and trabecular BMD were associated with reductions in BMI, visceral adipose tissue, and muscle (p ≤ 0.03). In conclusion, SG in adolescents decreased strength and volumetric BMD of the lumbar spine compared with nonsurgical controls. These changes were associated with decreases in visceral fat and muscle mass. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Heightened vigilance and perceived discrimination in dental trainees’ readiness for clinical practice
Authors: Akinkugbe Aderonke A. , Raskin Sarah E. , Garcia Dina T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurpose/objectiveThe aims of this study were to examine associations between heightened vigilance and perceived discrimination on readiness for clinical practice and to examine the mediating effects of social support and resilience.MethodsA survey was distributed to dental trainees (dental and dental hygiene students) enrolled at a US dental school located in the mid‐Atlantic region. The survey assessed readiness for clinical practice and included measures of perceived discrimination, heightened vigilance, and the following wellness measures: perceived stress, resilience, anxiety, social support, and coping. Adjusted for gender, and race/ethnicity, we regressed heightened vigilance and perceived discrimination independently on students’ readiness for clinical practice. To assess mediation, we computed the direct effects of heightened vigilance and perceived discrimination and potential indirect effects mediated through social support and resilience.ResultsA total of 250 students who completed the survey had complete data on all variables. Five percent identified as Black or African Americans, 34% as Asians, and 8% as Hispanic/Latino. Sixty‐two percent were female and 91% were dental students. The overall mean (SD) heightened vigilance and perceived discrimination scores were 18.9 (4.9) and 10.5 (7.6), respectively. Only the mean score for heightened vigilance differed significantly by race/ethnicity (p = 0.02). Higher heightened vigilance (odds ratio [OR] = 0.75 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.25, 2.23), and perceived discrimination (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.88) scores were independently associated with lower adjusted odds of reporting high confidence in readiness for clinical practice even after adjusting for the mediating effects of social support and resilience, although the association for heightened vigilance was not statistically significant.ConclusionsHeightened vigilance and perceived discrimination appear to negatively impact dental trainees’ career readiness. Intentional efforts to prioritize an anti‐racism approach within dental education programs and patient care across the nation are warranted.
New insights into the pathophysiology of methylmalonic acidemia
Authors: Head PamelaSara E. , Meier Jordan L. , Venditti Charles P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMethylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is a severe inborn error of metabolism that is characterized by pleiotropic metabolic perturbations and multiorgan pathology. Treatment options are limited and non‐curative as the underlying causative molecular mechanisms remain unknown. While earlier studies have focused on the potential direct toxicity of metabolites such as methylmalonic and propionic acid as a mechanism to explain disease pathophysiology, new observations have revealed that aberrant acylation, specifically methylmalonylation, is a characteristic feature of MMA. The mitochondrial sirtuin enzyme SIRT5 is capable of recognizing and removing this PTM, however, reduced protein levels of SIRT5 along with other mitochondrial SIRTs 3 and 4 in MMA and potentially reduced function of all three indicates aberrant acylation may require clinical intervention. Therefore, targeting posttranslational modifications may represent a new therapeutic approach to treat MMA and related organic acidemias.
Resting‐State fMRI Study of Vigilance Under Circadian and Homeostatic Modulation Based on Fractional Amplitude of Low‐Frequency Fluctuation and Regional Homogeneity in Humans Under Normal Entrained Conditions
Authors: Xing Hanqi , Wu Zhiwei , Chang Yue , Ma Mengya , Song Ziyang , Liu Yuanqing , Dai Hui 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundHow brain neural activity changes at multiple time points throughout the day and the neural mechanisms underlying time‐dependent modulation of vigilance are less clear.PurposeTo explore the effect of circadian rhythms and homeostasis on brain neural activity and the potential neural basis of time‐dependent modulation of vigilance.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsA total of 30 healthy participants (22–27 years old).Field Strength/SequenceA 3.0 T, T1‐weighted imaging, echo‐planar functional MRI (fMRI).AssessmentSix resting‐state fMRI (rs‐fMRI) scanning sessions were performed at fixed times (9:00 h, 13:00 h, 17:00 h, 21:00 h, 1:00 h, and 5:00 h) to investigate fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) diurnal variation. The fALFF/ReHo and the result of the psychomotor vigilance task were used to assess local neural activity and vigilance.Statistical TestsOne‐way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess changes in vigilance (P < 0.05) and neural activity in the whole brain (P < 0.001 at the voxel level and P < 0.01 at the cluster level, Gaussian random field [GRF] corrected). Correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between neural activity and vigilance at all‐time points of the day.ResultsThe fALFF/ReHo in the thalamus and some perceptual cortices tended to increase from 9:00 h to 13:00 h and from 21:00 h to 5:00 h, whereas the key nodes of the default mode network (DMN) tended to decrease from 21:00 h to 5:00 h. The vigilance tended to decrease from 21:00 h to 5:00 h. The fALFF/ReHo in the thalamus and some perceptual cortices was negatively correlated with vigilance at all‐time points of the day, whereas the fALFF/ReHo in the key nodes of the DMN was positively correlated with vigilance.Data ConclusionNeural activities in the thalamus and some perceptual cortices show similar trends throughout the day, whereas the key nodes of the DMN show roughly opposite trends. Notably, diurnal variation of the neural activity in these brain regions may be an adaptive or compensatory response to changes in vigilance.Evidence Level1.Technical Efficacy1.
Peripheral blood parameters for predicting PICU admission and mechanical ventilation in pediatric inpatients with human parainfluenza virus‐induced pneumonia
Authors: Chu Fu‐lu , Li Chen , Liu Yiqing , Dong Bo , Qiu Yang , Fan Gang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHuman parainfluenza viruses (hPIVs)‐induced pneumonia is an important cause of pediatric hospitalization, and some develop severe pneumonias requiring pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission and mechanical ventilation (MV). The aim of this study is to investigate the value of peripheral blood (PB) parameters available on admission in predicting the need for PICU admission and MV due to pneumonia caused by hPIVs. A total of 331 cases including 277 (83.69%) on the general ward (GW) and 54 (16.31%) on the PICU were enrolled between January 2016 and June 2021. Of 54 patients admitted to the PICU, 24 patients (7.25%) received MV, whereas 30 (9.06%) did not. For both the PICU and GW groups, infants accounted for the highest proportion while school children had the lowest. Compared with the GW group, the PICU group had significantly higher rates of premature birth, fatigue, sore throat, headache, chest pain, tachypnea, dyspnea, and underlying diseases including congenital tracheal stenosis, congenital heart disease (CHD), metabolic disorder, and neurological disorder (ND), but significant lower proportion of exclusive breastfeeding and Z‐scores for weight‐for‐height, weight‐for‐age, height‐for‐age, and body‐mass‐index (BMI)‐for‐age (BMIZ). Higher levels of some leukocyte differential counts (LDC)‐related parameters including counts of neutrophil (N), ratios of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived neutrophils/(leukocytes minus neutrophils) ratio (dNLR), and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lower levels of some other LDC‐related parameters including lymphocyte (L) and monocyte (M) counts, ratios of lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR), lymphocyte‐to‐C‐reactive protein ratio, and prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and lower levels of PB protein (PBP)‐related parameters including red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin, total protein (TP), and serum albumin were observed in the PB of patients in the PICU compared with those in the GW. Notably, higher PLR level and two comorbidities including CHD and ND were identified as independent risk factors for PICU admission, while lower PNI level as well as smaller numbers of RBC and L as good predictors. Low levels of TP might be a useful predictor of the need for MV. Overall, the relative contributions of LDC‐ and PBP‐related factors for accurate identification of patients required PICU admission accounted for 53.69% and 46.31%, respectively. Thus, determination of whether a patient with hPIVs‐induced pneumonia is admitted to PICU involves consideration of both the LDC‐ and PBP‐related parameters.
The association of work physical activity and recreational physical activity with periodontitis in the NHANES (2009–2014)
Authors: Pu Rui , Fu Mengdie , Yang Guoli , Jiang Zhiwei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between different types and intensity of physical activities (PA) and periodontitis in a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States.MethodsThe data of periodontal condition and PA of 10,714 individuals were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2009 to 2014 and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). The association between the prevalence of periodontitis and two PAs (work PA and recreational PA) was respectively analyzed and adjusted by uni‐ and multi‐variable logistic regression models. The odd ratios (ORs), adjusted odd ratios (ORad), and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated as the main outcome indicators.ResultsAfter adjusted by age, sex, race, poverty‐income ratio (PIR), diabetes, smoking status, alcohol use, and floss frequency, moderate and vigorous work PAs were significantly correlated with higher odds of periodontitis (ORad = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.02–1.46; ORad = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.04–1.89, respectively) while moderate and vigorous recreational PAs were correlated with lower odds of periodontitis (ORad = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.69–0.95; ORad = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.43–0.71, respectively).ConclusionsWork PAs and recreational PAs have opposite associations on the prevalence of developing periodontitis and their aggravating or protective associations enhance with the increase of intensity.
Effects of biochar on rice yield, grain quality and starch viscosity attributes
Authors: Chen Le , Guo Lin , Deng Xueyun , Pan Xiaohua , Liao Ping , Xiong Qiangqiang , Gao Hui , Wei Haiyan , Dai Qigen , Zeng Yongjun , Zhang Hongcheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiochar can play a key role in improving paddy soil and productivity. However, there is limited information on the effects of biochar on rice quality and starch gelatinization. In this study, four rice straw biochar dosage treatments (0, 20, 40 and 60 g kg−1; CK, C20, C40 and C60, respectively) were set up to investigate rice yield components, rice processing, appearance and cooking quality, and starch gelatinization.RESULTSAddition of biochar increased the effective panicle, grain number per panicle and seed setting rate. However, it decreased the 1000‐grain weight, resulting in an increase in yield. In 2019, all the biochar treatments improved the head rice rate (9.13–11.42%), whereas in 2020 only the C20 treatment improved. Low biochar dosage had little effect on grain appearance. High biochar dosage significantly decreased the chalky rice rate by 21.47% and chalkiness by 19.44% in 2019. However, it significantly increased the chalky rice rate and chalkiness by 118.95% and 85.45% in 2020, respectively. Biochar significantly lowered the amylose content except for the C20 and C40 treatments in 2020, and the gel consistency. The C40 and C60 treatments significantly increased the peak and breakdown viscosities and decreased the setback viscosity compared with CK. Correlation analysis showed that starch gelatinization characteristics were significantly correlated with the head rice rate, chalky rate and amylose content.CONCLUSIONA lower biochar dosage can improve the yield and milled rice rate and maintain a higher quality of appearance, whereas a higher biochar dosage can significantly improve starch gelatinization. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Risk factors for 30‐day soft tissue complications after pelvic sarcoma surgery: A National Surgical Quality Improvement Program study
Authors: Gonzalez Marcos R. , Karczewski Daniel , Bedi Angad D. S. , Denwood Hayley , Lozano‐Calderon Santiago A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionSoft tissue (ST) complications after resection of bone and ST sarcomas of the pelvis occur more frequently than in appendicular tumors. We sought to identify risk factors for complications within 30 days of surgery.MethodsThe National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used for this study. Patients with sarcomas of bone and ST of the pelvis were retrieved using Current Procedural Terminology and International Classification of Diseases codes. Outcomes assessed were ST complications, overall complication rates, 30‐day reoperation, and mortality.ResultsA total of 770 patients with pelvic bone and ST sarcoma were included. The ST complication rate was 12.6%, including 4.9% superficial and 4.7% deep surgical site infections. Higher ST complication rates were seen in patients >30 years, with partially dependent health status, hematocrit <30%, bone tumors, tumor >5 cm, amputation procedures, and longer operative times. ST complication rates were 1.5 and 3 times higher in pelvic sarcoma surgeries than in the lower and upper extremities, respectively. Age >30 years (odds ratio [OR] = 5.07), hematocrit <30% (OR = 1.84), operative time 1–3 h (OR = 2.97), and >3 h (OR = 4.89) were risk factors for ST complications.ConclusionOne in nine patients with pelvic sarcoma surgery will develop ST complications within 30 days. Risk factors for ST complications were age >30, hematocrit <30%, and longer operative time.
Visual predation risk and spatial distributions of large Arctic copepods along gradients of sea ice and bottom depth
Authors: Langbehn Tom J. , Aarflot Johanna M. , Freer Jennifer J. , Varpe Øystein 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChanges in the community size structure of Arctic copepods toward smaller and less fat individuals or species have been linked to environmental changes. The underpinning mechanisms are, however, poorly understood. We use a two‐step hurdle regression model to analyze spatially resolved, long‐term survey data of the Barents Sea mesozooplankton community along gradients of water mass properties, sea ice, and bottom depth. We test the hypothesis that reduced visual predation, and hence increased survival in dim habitats, explains the distribution of large copepods. We expect the presence and biomass of large copepods to increase with increasing bottom depth and the occurrence of seasonal ice‐cover. The patterns and drivers that emerge from our analysis support our hypothesis: in the Barents Sea large copepods were predominantly found in deep troughs that intersect the shelf south of the polar front, or at shallower depths in seasonally ice‐covered waters northeast of Svalbard. On the banks, large copepods are largely absent whereas smaller copepods appear to survive. Top‐down control provides one plausible explanation for these distributions. Large copepods survive where sea‐ice shades the water or deep habitats permit escape from visual predators through vertical migrations. However, when upwelled onto shallow banks or flushed out from below the ice they are decimated by visual foragers. Therefore, advection and topographic blockage of vertical zooplankton distributions are key mechanisms for the efficient energy transfer and productivity in subarctic and Arctic shelf seas. New prolific foraging grounds may open up for planktivores where the ice‐edge recedes under a changing climate.
Thermoset thin film primers: Influence of substrate, layer thickness and wettability of additives in laboratory testing
Authors: Wiener Simon , Strauß Bernhard , Luckeneder Gerald , Hagler Josef , Valtiner Markus 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSteel sheets are often protected from corrosion using primers in combination with a top coat. However, the effectiveness of primers alone has not been extensively studied. Here, we use a selection of complementary corrosion tests for benchmarking the performance of thin‐film primers across a set of varying engineering parameters such as thickness, wettability, and substrate. Five established tests were selected, covering all predominant mechanisms that may occur, namely tests for cathodic and anodic delamination and barrier protection. Electrochemical investigations, among others, were carried out to evaluate the corrosion behavior, while structural properties were analyzed using techniques such as SEM. A total of nine primer formulations were tested in a layer thickness range of 3–9 µm, on GI and ZM‐coated steel. Both layer thickness and substrate strongly influence performance, and to a lesser degree the primer formulation. Further, hydrophobization has a beneficial effect on cathodic delamination, while white rust formation is enhanced due to pigment leaching limitations. This suggests that competing effects can be traced well using the combination of the suggested five tests.