bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Nutrient Concentration Resulting From Floods and Their Impact on the Estuary–Sea Continuum
Authors: Zhou Xiangqian , Ge Jianzhong , Wallhead Philip , Shi Shenyang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEvaluating the contribution of rivers to coastal seas in the Earth system and accurately predicting marine environmental responses to climate change are crucial for mitigating and addressing future natural disasters, especially those related to extreme hydrological events, such as fluvial floods. The Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary (CRE) and the East China Sea continuum, known for high environmental stress, complex marine dynamic processes, and frequent flood events, were selected to determine the compound impacts of a severe flood that persisted for the whole of July 2017. We conducted three cruise surveys before and after this flood event. Our surveys revealed that the phosphate concentration in the channel of the CRE declined from 2 to <1 μM during the flood, while the nitrate concentration remained stable. We applied a coupled physical‐biogeochemical model to determine the spatio‐temporal influence of floodwater (freshwater from upstream during flood events). During the initial rising discharge stage, surface phytoplankton blooms triggered by enhanced stratification consumed phosphate and significantly increased the N:P ratio in the sea. The ratio was restored as the blooms diminished, but remained elevated due to lower phosphate floodwater in the northeastward area within the low‐salinity river plume. Model experiments also showed that phytoplankton biomass and N:P ratio in the flood plume region were sensitive to the riverine phosphate concentration inputs during the flood event.
Super-resolution orbital angular momentum holography
Authors: Shi Zijian , Wan Zhensong , Zhan Ziyu , Liu Kaige , Liu Qiang , Fu Xing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractComputer-generated holograms are crucial for a wide range of applications such as 3D displays, information encryption, data storage, and opto-electronic computing. Orbital angular momentum (OAM), as a new degree of freedom with infinite orthogonal states, has been employed to expand the hologram bandwidth. However, in order to reduce strong multiplexing crosstalk, OAM holography suffers from a fundamental sampling criterion that the image sampling distance should be no less than the diameter of largest addressable OAM mode, which severely hinders the increase in resolution and capacity. Here we establish a comprehensive model on multiplexing crosstalk in OAM holography, propose a pseudo incoherent approach that is almost crosstalk-free, and demonstrate an analogous coherent solution by temporal multiplexing, which dramatically eliminates the crosstalk and largely relaxes the constraint upon sampling condition of OAM holography, exhibiting a remarkable resolution enhancement by several times, far beyond the conventional resolution limit of OAM holography, as well as a large scaling of OAM multiplexing capacity at fixed resolution. Our method enables OAM-multiplexed holographic reconstruction with high quality, high resolution, and high capacity, offering an efficient and practical route towards the future high-performance holographic systems.
Elevated urine BMP phospholipids in LRRK2 and VPS35 mutation carriers with and without Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Gomes Sara , Garrido Alicia , Tonelli Francesca , Obiang Donina , Tolosa Eduardo , Martí Maria José , Ruiz-Martínez Javier , Vinagre-Aragón Ana , Hernandez-Eguiazu Haizea , Croitoru Ioana , Marshall Vicky L. , Koenig Theresa , Hotzy Christoph , Hsieh Frank , Sakalosh Marianna , Tengstrand Elizabeth , Padmanabhan Shalini , Merchant Kalpana , Bruecke Christof , Pirker Walter , Zimprich Alexander , Sammler Esther 
Published: April 2023

AbstractElevated urine bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate (BMP) levels have been found in gain-of-kinase function LRRK2 G2019S mutation carriers. Here, we have expanded urine BMP analysis to other Parkinson’s disease (PD) associated mutations and found them to be consistently elevated in carriers of LRRK2 G2019S and R1441G/C as well as VPS35 D620N mutations. Urine BMP levels are promising biomarkers for patient stratification and potentially target engagement in clinical trials of emerging targeted PD therapies.
Artificial intelligence in communication impacts language and social relationships
Authors: Hohenstein Jess , Kizilcec Rene F. , DiFranzo Dominic , Aghajari Zhila , Mieczkowski Hannah , Levy Karen , Naaman Mor , Hancock Jeffrey , Jung Malte F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is already widely used in daily communication, but despite concerns about AI’s negative effects on society the social consequences of using it to communicate remain largely unexplored. We investigate the social consequences of one of the most pervasive AI applications, algorithmic response suggestions (“smart replies”), which are used to send billions of messages each day. Two randomized experiments provide evidence that these types of algorithmic recommender systems change how people interact with and perceive one another in both pro-social and anti-social ways. We find that using algorithmic responses changes language and social relationships. More specifically, it increases communication speed, use of positive emotional language, and conversation partners evaluate each other as closer and more cooperative. However, consistent with common assumptions about the adverse effects of AI, people are evaluated more negatively if they are suspected to be using algorithmic responses. Thus, even though AI can increase the speed of communication and improve interpersonal perceptions, the prevailing anti-social connotations of AI undermine these potential benefits if used overtly.
L-cysteine/MoS2 modified robust surface plasmon resonance optical fiber sensor for sensing of Ferritin and IgG
Authors: Thawany Priyanka , Khanna Ashima , Tiwari Umesh K. , Deep Akash 
Published: April 2023

AbstractL-cysteine conjugated molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) nanosheets have been covalently attached to a gold coated surface plasmon resonance (SPR) optical fiber to prepare a robust and stable sensor. Owing to the multifunctionality of the deposited nanosheet conjugate, the antibodies are also covalently conjugated in the subsequent step to realize the design of a SPR optical fiber biosensor for the two important bioanalytes namely, Ferritin and Immunoglobin G (IgG). The different stages of the biosensor preparation have been characterized and verified with microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. A uniform and stable deposition of the L-cysteine/MoS2 nanosheets has allowed the biosensor to be reused for multiple times. Unlike the peeling-off of the MoS2 coatings from the gold layer reported previously in the case of physically adsorbed nanomaterial, the herein adopted strategy addresses this critical concern. It has also been possible to use the single SPR fiber for both Ferritin and IgG bioassay experiments by regenerating the sensor and immobilizing two different antibodies in separate steps. For ferritin, the biosensor has delivered a linear sensor response (SPR wavelength shifts) in the concentration range of 50–400 ng/mL, while IgG has been successfully sensed from 50 to 250 µg/mL. The limit of detection for Ferritin and IgG analysis have been estimated to be 12 ng/mL and 7.2 µg/mL, respectively. The biosensors have also been verified for their specificity for the targeted molecule only. A uniform and stable deposition of the nanomaterial conjugate, reproducibility, regeneration capacity, a good sensitivity, and the specificity can be highlighted as some of key features of the L-cysteine/MoS2 optical fiber biosensor. The system can be advocated as a useful biosensor setup for the sensitive biosensing of Ferritin and IgG.
Utilization of the GOAL questionnaire as a standardized screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Xing Yanqing , Zhang Zhenxia , Yin Jiansheng , Liu Yi , Shuai Ziwei , Liu Zhihong , Tian Xinrui , Ren Shouan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe purpose of our study was to evaluate the application value of the GOAL questionnaire in screening obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to compare it with the other three questionnaires in sleep clinics. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 436 patients who had undergone nocturnal polysomnography in the sleep unit of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between September 2021 and May 2022, and all patients completed the four questionnaires (GOAL questionnaire, STOP-Bang questionnaire, NoSAS score and No-Apnea score) truthfully, and the patients were divided into 3 groups: AHI ≥ 5 events/h group, AHI ≥ 15 events/h group and AHI ≥ 30 events/h group. The predictive effect of the questionnaire on different AHI cut-off values was calculated, and performance of four questionnaires was assessed by the discriminatory ability. This study ultimately included 410 patients, and there were statistically significant differences in gender, age, BMI, neck circumference, clinical symptoms, hypertension, diabetes, AHI, and minimum oxygen saturation between OSA and non-OSA groups (P < 0.05). The AUC for No-Apnea score was 0.79, the AUC for STOP-Bang questionnaire was 0.86, the AUC for NoSAS score was 0.81, and the AUC for GOAL questionnaire was 0.77. These four questionnaires were effective in screening OSA when AHI ≥ 15 events/h. Similar to No-Apnea score, STOP-Bang score and NoSAS score, GOAL questionnaire has a good predictive value for OSA, which is a questionnaire suitable for primary health-care centers and clinics.
Revealing the static and dynamic nanomechanical properties of diatom frustules—Nature's glass lace
Authors: Cvjetinovic Julijana , Luchkin Sergey Yu. , Statnik Eugene S. , Davidovich Nickolai A. , Somov Pavel A. , Salimon Alexey I. , Korsunsky Alexander M. , Gorin Dmitry A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDiatoms are single cell microalgae enclosed in silica exoskeletons (frustules) that provide inspiration for advanced hybrid nanostructure designs mimicking multi-scale porosity to achieve outstanding mechanical and optical properties. Interrogating the structure and properties of diatoms down to nanometer scale leads to breakthrough advances reported here in the nanomechanical characterization of Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis diatom pure silica frustules, as well as of air-dried and wet cells with organic content. Static and dynamic mode Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and in-SEM nanoindentation revealed the peculiarities of diatom response with separate contributions from material nanoscale behavior and membrane deformation of the entire valve. Significant differences in the nanomechanical properties of the different frustule layers were observed. Furthermore, the deformation response depends strongly on silica hydration and on the support from the internal organic content. The cyclic loading revealed that the average compliance of the silica frustule is 0.019 m/N and increases with increasing number of cycles. The structure–mechanical properties relationship has a direct impact on the vibrational properties of the frustule as a complex micrometer-sized mechanical system. Lessons from Nature’s nanostructuring of diatoms open up pathways to new generations of nano- and microdevices for electronic, electromechanical, photonic, liquid, energy storage, and other applications.
Effect of characteristics on the clinical course at the initiation of treatment for human immunodeficiency virus infection using dimensionality reduction
Authors: Choi Yunsu , Choi Bo Youl , Kim Sang Il , Choi Jungsoon , Kim Jieun , Park Bo Young , Kim Soo Min , Kim Shin-Woo , Choi Jun Yong , Song Joon Young , Kim Youn Jeong , Kim Hyo Youl , Lee Jin-Soo , Kim Jung Ho , Jun Yoon Hee , Lee Myungsun , Seong Jaehyun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe beginning of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection treatment depends on various factors, which are significantly correlated with the initial CD4 cell number. However, a covariate correlation between these factors may not reflect the correct outcome variable. Thus, we evaluated the effects of a combination of fixed factors (reduced dimensions), which determine when to start treatment for the first time, on short-term outcome, long-term outcome, and survival, considering correlations between factors. Multiple correspondence analysis was performed on variables obtained from 925 patients who participated in a Korean HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cohort study (2006–2017). Five reduced dimension groups were derived according to clinical data, viral load, CD4 cell count at diagnosis, initial antiretroviral therapy, and others. The dimension group with high initial viral loads (55,000 copies/mL) and low CD4 cell counts (< 200 cells/mm3) should start treatment promptly after diagnosis. Groups with high initial CD4 cell counts (> 350 cells/mm3) that did not require immediate treatment according to previous guidelines had a higher failure rate for long-term relative CD4 recovery. Our results highlight the importance of early diagnosis and treatment to positively influence long-term disease outcomes, even if the initial immune status is poor, given the patient’s combination of early diagnostic symptoms.
The relationship between homoarginine and liver biomarkers: a combination of epidemiological and clinical studies
Authors: Aghdassi Ali , Schwedhelm Edzard , Atzler Dorothee , Nauck Matthias , Kühn Jens-Peter , Kromrey Marie-Luise , Völzke Henry , Felix Stephan B. , Dörr Marcus , Ittermann Till , Bahls Martin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHomoarginine (hArg) is a non-essential cationic amino acid which inhibits hepatic alkaline phosphatases to exert inhibitory effects on bile secretion by targeting intrahepatic biliary epithelium. We analyzed (1) the relationship between hArg and liver biomarkers in two large population-based studies and (2) the impact of hArg supplementation on liver biomarkers. We assessed the relationship between alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatases (AP), albumin, total bilirubin, cholinesterase, Quick’s value, liver fat, and Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) and hArg in appropriately adjusted linear regression models. We analyzed the effect of L-hArg supplemention (125 mg L-hArg daily for 4 weeks) on these liver biomarkers. We included 7638 individuals (men: 3705; premenopausal women: 1866, postmenopausal women: 2067). We found positive associations for hArg and ALT (β 0.38 µkatal/L 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29; 0.48), AST (β 0.29 µkatal/L 95% CI 0.17; 0.41), GGT (β 0.033 µkatal/L 95% CI 0.014; 0.053), Fib-4 score (β 0.08 95% CI 0.03; 0.13), liver fat content (β 0.016% 95% CI 0.006; 0.026), albumin (β 0.030 g/L 95% CI 0.019; 0.040), and cholinesterase (β 0.003 µkatal/L 95% CI 0.002; 0.004) in males. In premenopausal women hArg was positively related with liver fat content (β 0.047% 95%CI 0.013; 0.080) and inversely with albumin (β − 0.057 g/L 95% CI − 0.073; − 0.041). In postmenopausal women hARG was positively associated with AST (β 0.26 µkatal/L 95% CI 0.11; 0.42). hArg supplementation did not affect liver biomarkers. We summarize that hArg may be a marker of liver dysfunction and should be explored further.
Evaluation of plasma levels of NFL, GFAP, UCHL1 and tau as Parkinson's disease biomarkers using multiplexed single molecule counting
Authors: Youssef Priscilla , Hughes Laura , Kim Woojin S. , Halliday Glenda M. , Lewis Simon J. G. , Cooper Antony , Dzamko Nicolas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjective biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease (PD) could aid early and specific diagnosis, effective monitoring of disease progression, and improved design and interpretation of clinical trials. Although alpha-synuclein remains a biomarker candidate of interest, the multifactorial and heterogenous nature of PD highlights the need for a PD biomarker panel. Ideal biomarker candidates include markers that are detectable in easily accessible samples, (ideally blood) and that reflect the underlying pathological process of PD. In the present study, we explored the diagnostic and prognostic PD biomarker potential of the SIMOA neurology 4-plex-A biomarker panel, which included neurofilament light (NFL), glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), tau and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL-1). We initially performed a serum vs plasma comparative study to determine the most suitable blood-based matrix for the measurement of these proteins in a multiplexed assay. The levels of NFL and GFAP in plasma and serum were highly correlated (Spearman rho-0.923, p < 0.0001 and rho = 0.825, p < 0.001 respectively). In contrast, the levels of tau were significantly higher in plasma compared to serum samples (p < 0.0001) with no correlation between sample type (Spearman p > 0.05). The neurology 4-plex-A panel, along with plasma alpha-synuclein was then assessed in a cross-sectional cohort of 29 PD patients and 30 controls. Plasma NFL levels positively correlated with both GFAP and alpha-synuclein levels (rho = 0.721, p < 0.0001 and rho = 0.390, p < 0.05 respectively). As diagnostic biomarkers, the control and PD groups did not differ in their mean NFL, GFAP, tau or UCHL-1 plasma levels (t test p > 0.05). As disease state biomarkers, motor severity (MDS-UPDRS III) correlated with increased NFL (rho = 0.646, p < 0.0001), GFAP (rho = 0.450, p < 0.05) and alpha-synuclein levels (rho = 0.406, p < 0.05), while motor stage (Hoehn and Yahr) correlated with increased NFL (rho = 0.455, p < 0.05) and GFAP (rho = 0.549, p < 0.01) but not alpha-synuclein levels (p > 0.05). In conclusion, plasma was determined to be most suitable blood-based matrix for multiplexing the neurology 4-plex-A panel. Given their correlation with motor features of PD, NFL and GFAP appear to be promising disease state biomarker candidates and further longitudinal validation of these two proteins as blood-based biomarkers for PD progression is warranted.
The participation of tumor residing pericytes in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: do Valle Isabella Bittencourt , Oliveira Sicília Rezende , da Silva Janine Mayra , Peterle Gabriela Tonini , Có Anna Clara Gregório , Sousa-Neto Sebastião Silvério , Mendonça Elismauro Francisco , de Arruda José Alcides Almeida , Gomes Natália Aparecida , da Silva Gabriel , Leopoldino Andréia Machado , Macari Soraia , Birbrair Alexander , von Zeidler Sandra Ventorin , Diniz Ivana Márcia Alves , Silva Tarcília Aparecida 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPericytes are perivascular cells related to vessel structure and angiogenesis that can interact with neoplastic cells, interfering with cancer progression and outcomes. This study focused on the characterization of pericytes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using clinical samples and a transgenic mouse model of oral carcinogenesis. Nestin-/NG2+ (type-1) and nestin+/NG2+ (type-2) pericytes were analyzed by direct fluorescence after induction of oral carcinogenesis (4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide). Gene expression of neuron glial antigen-2 (NG2), platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR-β), and cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) was examined in human OSCC tissues. The protein expression of von Willebrand factor and NG2 was assessed in oral leukoplakia (i.e., oral potentially malignant disorders) and OSCC samples. Additionally, clinicopathological aspects and survival data were correlated and validated by bioinformatics using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Induction of carcinogenesis in mice produced an increase in both NG2+ pericyte subsets. In human OSCC, advanced-stage tumors showed a significant reduction in CD31 mRNA and von Willebrand factor-positive vessels. Low PDGFR-β expression was related to a shorter disease-free survival time, while NG2 mRNA overexpression was associated with a reduction in overall survival, consistent with the TCGA data. Herein, oral carcinogenesis resulted in an increase in NG2+ pericytes, which negatively affected survival outcomes.
Treating SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection by molnupiravir for pandemic mitigation and living with the virus: a mathematical modeling study
Authors: Zheng Qinyue , Bao Chunbing , Ji Yunpeng , Li Pengfei , Ma Zhongren , Wang Xinwei , Meng Qingchun , Pan Qiuwei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTreating severe COVID-19 patients and controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 are concurrently important in mitigating the pandemic. Classically, antiviral drugs are primarily developed for treating hospitalized COVID-19 patients with severe diseases to reduce morbidity and/or mortality, which have limited effects on limiting pandemic spread. In this study, we simulated the expanded applications of oral antiviral drugs such as molnupiravir to mitigate the pandemic by treating nonhospitalized COVID-19 cases. We developed a compartmental mathematical model to simulate the effects of molnupiravir treatment assuming various scenarios in the Omicron variant dominated settings in Denmark, the United Kingdom and Germany. We found that treating nonhospitalized cases can limit Omicron spread. This indirectly reduces the burden of hospitalization and patient death. The effectiveness of this approach depends on the intrinsic nature of the antiviral drug and the strategies of implementation. Hypothetically, if resuming pre-pandemic social contact pattern, extensive application of molnupiravir treatment would dramatically (but not completely) mitigate the COVID-19 burden, and thus there remains lifetime cost of living with the virus.
Risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19 during 2020; a retrospective cross-sectional study in a Swedish health care system
Authors: Wretborn Jens , Jörg Matthias , Benjaminsson Nyberg Patrik , Wilhelms Daniel B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo establish the impact of COVID-19 on the pre-test probability for VTE in patients with suspected VTE. This was a retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study of patients 18 years and older undergoing diagnostic tests for VTE in an integrated healthcare system covering a population of 465,000 during the calendar year of 2020. We adjusted for risk factors such as age, sex, previous VTE, ongoing anticoagulant treatment, malignancy, Charlson score, ward care, ICU care and wave of COVID-19. In total, 303 of 5041 patients had a positive diagnosis of COVID-19 around the time of investigation. The prevalence of VTE in COVID-positive patients was 10.2% (36/354), 14.7% (473/3219) in COVID-19 negative patients, and 15.6% (399/2589) in patients without a COVID-19 test. A COVID-positive status was not associated with an increased risk for VTE (crude odds ratio 0.64, 95% CI 0.45–0.91, adjusted odds ratio 0.46, 95%CI 0.19–1.16). We found no increased VTE risk in COVID-positive patients. This indicates that COVID-19 status should not influence VTE workup.The study was pre-registered on May 26, 2020 at ClinicalTrials.gov with identifier NCT04400877.