bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of sea-salt stress on morphological and biochemical indices of Grand Nain (Musa spp.) banana variety
Authors: Baysal Filiz 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Banana is cultivated abundantly in seaside regions, which are highly prone to rises in sea level or where seawater mixes with groundwater. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sea-salt stress on banana seedlings. Three different saline solutions, irrigation water, and distilled water were prepared for treatments; 15.3 dS m−1, 20.4 dS m−1, 25.7 dS m−1, 3.22 dS m−1 (irrigation water), 0.0 dS m−1 (control), respectively. Although there was no statistical difference in plant length after the treatment, plant diameter difference was observed in seedlings subjected to salt stress for 30 days. The most damaged leaves (4.8) were determined at the highest sea-salt solution (25.7 dS m−1). Compared with the root length (RL) results of control, irrigation water, and 15.3 dS m−1 treatments, the mean of RL was significantly higher in the 25.7 dS m−1 treatment (40.0 cm). Except for the 20.40 dS m−1 treatment, the other treatments had values close to each other. Contrary to the total chlorophyll (TC) and chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) values determined in control plants, the highest TC content and CF were found in irrigation water treatment with 34.8 mg g−1 Fw and 46.0, respectively. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline were significantly higher in the 25.7 dS m−1 treatment than in the other treatments. Results demonstrated that the root length of the Grand Nain cultivar increased although the sea-salt stress had negative effects on plant morphology and biochemical content, indicating that it could adapt to short-term salt stress.
Seasonal variation of boeravinone B content in plant parts of Boerhaavia diffusa L.
Authors: Sharma Savita , Sharma Jyotsna , Singh Deepika , Mallubhotla Sharada 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Boerhaavia diffusa (family: Nyctaginaceae) is a well-known medicinal plant of rasayana category as per ayurvedic claims, commonly known as ‘Punarnava’ in Indian system of medicine. It is used as a green leafy vegetable in many Asian and African countries besides possessing anticancer, antiestrogenic, immunomodulatory and antiamoebic activities. Its phytochemicals like flavanoids, alkaloids, phenols, polyphenols etc. have been extensively explored to gain insight into its wide range of bioactivities and medicinal attributes, and boeravinone B has been reported as most potent and interesting flavonoid for its therapeutic properties. In present investigation high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis was done on monthly basis for two consecutive years to check the influence of temperature, humidity and rainfall on production and quantification of boeravinone B in various plant parts of field grown B. diffusa. Throughout the year, variation in the concentration of boeravinone B was observed and highest yield was observed in July, which is also the best time for Boerhaavia multiplication and growth. Amongst the plant parts, maximum concentration of boeravinone B was obtained in root parts (6.63%) followed by leaves (4.28%) and minimal content was obtained in shoot parts (3.08%). These results indicate the ideal time for harvesting of the whole herb for its better utilization as a herbal therapeutic for commercial purposes.
An Image of Northwest Yorùbáland during World War II
Authors: Ogundiwin Babatunde A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
West Africa became more strategically important during the Second World War owing to the air reinforcement route to Northeast Africa. The West African Air Reinforcement Route (WARR) went across the colony of Nigeria into the African interior. Geographical knowledge production was important for the smooth running of these air logistics operations. The United States, which came on the air supply route in support of the British war effort, was involved in map production for this purpose. Hence, this paper explores the United States military cartography of WARR, used during the Second World War. In particular, it examines the 1942 image of Northwest Yorùbáland. This paper contends that the reproduced African landscapes of the Geographical Section of the General Staff (GSGS) 2465 Series convey ideological meanings. As a social practice, cartography during this global conflict resulted in further territorial ordering and control over the ground and air space of this part of West Africa. These Allied military maps depicted specific geographies along the trans-African air route, with precise strategic purpose, but they also had ideological implications for wider cultural geographies.
The Rhythmists
Authors: Cottington David 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This essay discusses a group of anglophone artists of the pre-First World War period who not only assimilated Parisian avant-garde practices but took the plunge of attempting to make their careers in Paris itself in the decade before 1915. The constellation of questions, both historical and theoretical, that this initiative raises provides the framework for an analysis that offers both a detailed materialist history of the emergence, consolidation and diversification of the formation of the avant-garde in these respective fields and a theoretical understanding of their dynamics—and, through this, of the character of the then emergent European artistic avant-garde.
Teaching Small Bite Fascial Closure Technique: Improved Accuracy and Consistency Through Simulation
Authors: Cuevas Natalie , Beeson Seth T. , Faulkner Justin D. , Edgerton Colston , Hope William W. 
Published: March 2023

Despite evidence that small bite closure is beneficial, it is not well documented how accurately and consistently surgeons employ this technique. We created a felt model to simulate fascial closure and educate residents regarding small bites. This study aims to gauge accuracy and consistency of bite size in fascial closure and assess if utilizing a templated model could improve technique. Two 10 cm incisions were made in different pieces of felt. Residents were instructed to suture the incisions to simulate fascial closure by running the incisions closed with 1 cm and 5 mm bites respectively. The process was repeated with templated pieces of felt marking 1 and 0.5 cm to guide bite size. Residents were timed for each closure. The travel and distance from the midline for each bite was measured and analysis performed. 14 residents participated. Paired T-test compared means and standard deviations of bite size. Taking 5 mm bites took more time. Standard deviation of travel and right sided distance from midline were significantly smaller when a template was utilized. Standard deviation of travel as well as right sided distance was also improved when instructed to take 5 mm bites. This study demonstrates that a small bite technique results more closure and that when residents are instructed to take smaller bites. The adage, “aim small, miss small,” holds true in fascial closure and may be one reason why small bites improve hernia rates. This study also suggests that the use of a template improves accuracy and consistency of closure regardless of bite size intention.
Double stigma in mental health service use: Experience from ethnic minorities in Hong Kong
Authors: Yi Nam Suen , Yik Chun Wong , Tak Hing Michael Wong , Kit Wa Sherry Chan , Lai Ming Christy Hui , Ho Ming Edwin Lee , Yu Hai Eric Chen 
Published: March 2023

Background: Ethnic minorities (EMs) typically underutilise mental health services (EMs) with issues that are not shared by the local population. Understanding the underlying perceived factors could help reduce their mental health disparities. Aims: This is a qualitative study aiming to examine the barriers that prevent EMs from seeking mental health services in Hong Kong. Methods: Six semistructured focus groups with 31 EMs who resided in Hong Kong were conducted from May 31 to June 26, 2021. The outcome measures were the themes and subthemes of perspectives on mental health service use. Results: Among 31 adults (20 [64.5%] women, 11 [35.5%] men; 17 [54.8%] aged 25–39 years) who participated, most participants self-identified as Indian (13 [41.95]) or Pakistani (10 [32.3]). There were 16 individuals (51.6%) who reported severe or higher levels of anxiety or depressive symptoms, while 12 individuals (38.7%) reported moderate levels. Three emerging themes identified for the barriers to help-seeking for psychiatric intervention were (1) preexisting problems, (2) psychaitric service lacks cultural sensitivity and (3) personal or family limitation, while that for the recommendations to improve help-seeking had six themes: (1) improve cultural sensitivity, (2) make EM mental health practitioners available, (3) improve professional conduct, (4) improve on-site support, (5) improve financial support and (6) improve mental health promotion in schools. Conclusion: This study found that EMs in Hong Kong experience double stigma, which keeps them away from seeking professional mental health care. There were also disparities in the use of mental health services by ethnicity. The study also made recommendations for promoting EM help-seeking at the individual, governmental and community levels.
Combatting Election Stress: Anticipatory Coping and Daily Self-Reported Physical Health
Authors: Johnson Brittany K. , Neupert Shevaun D. 
Published: March 2023

This study’s purpose is to evaluate the effectiveness of anticipatory coping as a possible mechanism to reduce daily self-reported physical health consequences of forecasting election-related stress. Elections are often stressful for people. However, the research on possible physical consequences of anticipated election-related stress and ways to counter its impact is limited. We used data from the 2018 U.S. Midterm Election Stress Coping and Prevention Every Day (ESCAPED) study, which provided daily diary responses from 140 participants across the U.S. and American Samoa, ages 19–86. Participants were recruited using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (mTurk) and were asked to fill out an online survey each day for 22 days before, the day of, and 7 days after the 2018 U.S. midterm election, which fell on November 6, 2018. Questions involved forecasting election-related stress, four forms of anticipatory coping, and daily self-reported physical health. Results from multilevel models suggested that on days when participants experienced an increase in their forecasting of election-related stressors and also experienced a decrease in their anticipatory coping related to problem analysis, their daily self-reported physical health decreased. These results highlight the role that future-oriented tactics could play in managing the physical consequences of election-related stress.
Effect of a controlled lifestyle intervention on medication use and costs: The Healthy Lifestyle Community Program (cohort 2)
Authors: Kranz Ragna-Marie , Kettler Carmen , Anand Corinna , Koeder Christian , Husain Sarah , Schoch Nora , Buyken Anette , Englert Heike 
Published: March 2023

Background: Establishing a healthy lifestyle has a great potential to reduce the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and their risk factors. NCDs contribute immensely to the economic costs of the health care system arising from therapy, medication use, and productivity loss. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Healthy Lifestyle Community Program (cohort 2; HLCP-2) on medication use and consequently on medication costs for selected NCDs (diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia). Methods: Data stem from a 24-month non-randomised, controlled intervention trial aiming to improve risk factors for NCDs. Participants completed questionnaires at six measurement time points assessing medication use, from which costs were calculated. The following medication groups were included in the analysis as NCD medication: glucose-lowering medications (GLM), antihypertensive drugs (AHD) and lipid-lowering drugs (LLD). Statistical tests for inter- and intra-group comparison and multiple regression analysis were performed. Results: In total, 118 participants (intervention group [IG]: n = 79; control group [CG]: n = 39) were considered. Compared to baseline medication use decreased slightly in the IG and increased in the CG. Costs for NCD medication were significantly lower in the IG than in the CG after 6 ( p = 0.004), 12 ( p = 0.040), 18 ( p = 0.003) and 24 months ( p = 0.008). After multiple regression analysis and adjusting for confounders, change of costs differed significantly between the groups in all final models. Conclusion: The HLCP-2 was able to moderately prevent an increase of medication use and thus reduce costs for medication to treat NCDs with the greatest impact on AHD. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register DRKS ( www.drks.de ; reference: DRKS00018775).
Predicting the mortality of patients with cardiogenic shock after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Zhou Xiaozheng , Tan Wen , Liu Maomao , Liu Nan 
Published: March 2023

Introduction Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a critical condition and the leading cause of mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). To define the risk factors for CS in patients who undergo CABG and create a risk-predictive model is crucial. Methods In this observational study, we retrospectively evaluated consecutive patients who underwent CABG between January 2018 and October 2022 at Beijing Anzhen Hospital. A total of 496 patients were enrolled and categorized into the training (396 cases) and internal test (100 cases) sets. The variables significantly associated with mortality ( p < 0.05) were analyzed using logistic regression analyses. Results The E/A ratio at admission, postoperative brain natriuretic peptide, postoperative arterial lactate, two or more arrhythmias at the same time after CABG, and carotid artery stenosis at admission were identified as independent prognostic factors for in-hospital mortality after multivariate logistic regression analysis. The CS after CABG score (ACCS) was established and three classes of ACCS, named classes I (ACCS, <20), II (ACCS, 20–30), and III (ACCS, >30), made up the risk model. The ACCS showed better discrimination with an AUROC of 0.937 (95% confidence interval, 0.982–0.892) and calibration with the Hosmer–Lemeshow test (X2 = 5.854 with 8 df; p = 0.664). In addition, tenfold cross-validation demonstrated that the mean misdiagnosis rate was 5.56% and the lowest misdiagnosis rate was 6.38%. Conclusion The ACCS score represents a risk-predictive model for in-hospital mortality of patients with CS after CABG in acute care settings. Patients identified as class III may have a worse prognosis.
Two Responsibilities to Protect
Authors: Quinton-Brown Patrick 
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this paper is to re-theorize the evolution of the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) in the UN through to 2011, the apogee of liberal interventionism in the post-Cold War period. Contrary to a common argument in existing literature, and notwithstanding the adoption of the concept as an annual agenda item of the General Assembly, international contestation is not about implementation as neatly separated from meaning, but rather definition or interpretation. To better understand the boundaries of intergovernmental understanding, we need to interrogate the language or terms of the debate, particularly the ways in which those terms have been practiced. There have been two Responsibilities to Protect in international society. A discursive practice called Southern RtoP, traced through UN-based political dialogue, contests a meaning that has been prevalent for 20 years at least: that of Northern RtoP. This article shows evaluative nuance and data from the perspective of the Global South and provides a discursive history of an ongoing non-aligned protest against a NATO-associated theory of defeasible sovereignty. Deux responsabilités de protéger
Benefits of the PRISM Shelter-Based Program for Attainment of Stable Housing and Functional Outcomes by People Experiencing Homelessness and Mental Illness: A Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Soufi Ghassen , Voisard Brigitte , Latimer Eric A. , Matai Lavina , Moodie Erica E. M. , Laliberté Vincent 
Published: March 2023

Objective To explore the housing trajectory, personal recovery, functional level, and quality of life of clients at discharge and 1 year after completing Projet Réaffiliation Itinérance Santé Mentale (PRISM), a shelter-based mental health and rehabilitation program intended to provide individuals experiencing homelessness and severe mental illness with transition housing and to reconnect them with mental health and social services. Method Housing status, psychiatric follow-up trajectory, personal recovery (Canadian Personal Recovery Outcome Measure), functional level (Multnomah Community Ability Scale), and quality of life (Lehman Quality of Life Interview) were assessed at program entry, at program discharge and 1 year later. Results Of the 50 clients who participated in the study from May 31, 2018, to December 31, 2019, 43 completed the program. Of these, 76.7% were discharged to housing modalities and 78% were engaged with psychiatric follow-up at the program's end. Housing stability, defined as residing at the same permanent address since discharge, was achieved for 62.5% of participants at 1-year follow-up. Functional level and quality of life scores improved significantly both at discharge and at 1-year follow-up from baseline. Conclusions Admission to PRISM helped clients secure long-term stable housing and appropriate psychiatric follow-up. Stable housing was maintained for most clients at 1-year follow-up, and they benefited from sustained functional and quality of life outcomes in long-term follow-up.
Risk factors associated with 30-day hospital readmissions among persons living with HIV in Nantong, China
Authors: Wang Wei , Huang Hao , Cao Yuxin , Duan Xiaoyang , Li Min , Qin Gang , Zou Meiyin , Zhuang Xun 
Published: March 2023

Objective To estimate 30-day hospital readmission rates among persons living with HIV (PLWH) at the Nantong Infectious Disease Hospital in China and analyse the related risk factors. Methods A single-centre retrospective cohort study was conducted. There were 894 PLWH records obtained from the electronic medical record (EMR) system at the Nantong Infectious Disease Hospital in China, from October 2013 to February 2018. The 30-day readmission rates were calculated, and the risk factors were analysed by generalised estimating equations (GEEs). Results A total of 1153 hospitalizations from 894 patients were recorded between October 2013 and February 2018. The median time of 30-day readmissions was 13 days (interquartile range (IQR), 6–23). The reasons for all causes, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining illnesses (ADIs), and non-AIDS-defining infections (non-ADIs) were 9.08, 13.52, and 7.91%, respectively. The results from the GEE analysis demonstrated that the risk factors associated with 30-days readmissions were as follows: no antiretroviral therapy (ART) prior to hospitalisations (odds ratio (OR) = 1.90, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21–3.00), low CD4 counts (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.33–3.54), and multiple comorbidities (OR = 6.45, 95% CI: 1.62–25.73). Conclusion Early detection of HIV infection and early initiation of ART treatment are the keys to controlling 30-day readmissions.
Morphometric Assessment of Facial Morphology in Infants with Orofacial Clefts up to two Years of Age: A Three-Dimensional Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kožejová Jaklová Lenka , Kočandrlová Karolina , Dupej Ján , Borský Jiří , Černý Miloš , Velemínská Jana 
Published: March 2023

Objective To assess modelled facial development of infants with unilateral cleft lip (CL) and cleft lip and palate (UCLP) compared to controls up to two years of age. Design and Participants A total of 209 facial images of children (CL: n = 37; UCLP: n = 39; controls: n = 137) were obtained in four age categories (T0 = 0.2–0.5; T1 = 0.6–1.0; T2 = 1.1–1.5; T3 = 1.6–2.0 years) and were evaluated using stereophotogrammetry and geometric morphometry. All patients underwent lip surgery before T0, patients with UCLP underwent palatoplasty (T0, T1 before palatoplasty; T2, T3 after palatoplasty). Results In patients with CL, the forehead was significantly retracted (p ≤ 0.001), while the supraorbital and ocular regions were prominent (p ≤ 0.001). The oronasal region appeared convex (p ≤ 0.001). The lower lip and chin were non-significantly protruded. In patients with UCLP, a significantly retracted forehead and prominent supraorbital region were apparent (p ≤ 0.001). A retrusive oronasal region (p ≤ 0.001) was observed in the middle face. The chin was anteriorly protruded (p ≤ 0.01). No progression of deviations was found with increasing age. After the first year, a slight improvement in the morphological features became apparent. The shape variability of the clefts and controls overlapped, suggesting a comparable modelled facial development. Conclusions The facial morphology of individuals with cleft was comparable to the norm. Shape deviation was apparent in the oronasal region, forehead, and chin, which minimised with increasing age even in complete clefts.
Disentangling Poverty From Neglect: Using a Person-Centered Approach to Examine Risk Factors for Neglect Among Families in Poverty
Authors: Sattler Kierra M. P. 
Published: March 2023

Approximately 18% of U.S. children under 5 years old live in poverty, which is one of the strongest predictors of child neglect. However, most families in poverty do not engage in neglect and this may be due to heterogeneity in risk factors. This study examined how risk factors co-occurred among families in poverty across early childhood and whether risk profiles were differentially related to physical and supervisory neglect across time. Results suggested there were four risk profiles across early childhood (i.e., years 1 and 3). At year 1, the four profiles in order of prevalence were: Low Risk, High Risk, Depressed and Uninsured, and Stressed with Health Problems. At year 3, the profiles were: Low Risk, High Risk, Depressed with Residential Instability, and Stressed with Health Problems. Overall, the High Risk profile was associated with more physical and supervisory neglect across time compared to the Low Risk profile; however, the Stress with Health Problems profile was also associated with greater physical neglect. These findings illustrate heterogeneity in the risk factors among families in poverty and demonstrate the differential impact of risk exposure on later neglect. Results also provide evidence to practitioners and policymakers about target risk experiences to prevent neglect.