bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lightning and Radar Characteristics of Tornadic Cells in Landfalling Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Schenkel Benjamin A. , Calhoun Kristin M. , Sandmæl Thea N. , Fruits Zachary R. , Schick Isaiah , Ake Marcus C. , Kassel Benjamin F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTropical cyclone (TC) tornadoes are often associated with lower‐skill forecasts compared to midlatitude supercellular tornadoes. Forecasts may be improved through a greater understanding of their lightning and radar signatures. This study investigates the lightning and radar characteristics of TC tornadic cells for comparison with TC non‐tornadic cells (i.e., strongly rotating cells without tornadoes) and non‐TC tornadic cells using three lightning networks and radar data. These results show that the majority of TC tornadic and non‐tornadic cells are not associated with lightning, although the former subset occurs with lightning more often. TC tornadic cases typically have lightning maximized to its northeast, whereas the non‐tornadic subset is associated with a lower density of flashes that are more symmetrically distributed. TC tornadic mesocyclones also show stronger low‐level rotation and convergence at the time of tornado occurrence compared to non‐tornadic cases. Hourly trends in rotation and convergence show stronger increases before tornado occurrence in both variables for TC tornadic mesocyclones, yielding small, nonsignificant differences with non‐TC tornadic mesocyclones during tornado occurrence. Finally, analysis of lightning throughout the TC shows that tornadic cells often occur on the downwind edge of a broad lightning maximum, whereas non‐tornadic cases occur in the middle of a weaker lightning maximum, with these maxima propagating away from the TC in both subsets.
Potential effects of gut microbiota on host cancers: focus on immunity, DNA damage, cellular pathways, and anticancer therapy
Authors: Sun Jiaao , Chen Feng , Wu Guangzhen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The symbiotic bacteria that live in the human gut and the metabolites they produce have long influenced local and systemic physiological and pathological processes of the host. The gut microbiota are increasingly being recognized for its impact on a range of human diseases, including cancer, it may play a key role in the occurrence, progression, treatment, and prognosis of many types of cancer. Understanding the functional role of the gut microbiota in cancer is crucial for the development of the era of personalized medicine. Here, we review recent advances in research and summarize the important associations and clear experimental evidence for the role of the gut microbiota in a variety of human cancers, focus on the application and possible challenges associated with the gut microbiota in antitumor therapy. In conclusion, our research demonstrated the multifaceted mechanisms of gut microbiota affecting human cancer and provides directions and ideas for future clinical research.
Impact of a risk based breast screening decision aid on understanding, acceptance and decision making
Authors: Lippey Jocelyn , Keogh Louise , Campbell Ian , Mann Gregory Bruce , Forrest Laura Elenor 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInternationally, population breast cancer screening is moving towards a risk-stratified approach and requires engagement and acceptance from current and future screening clients. A decision aid (www.defineau.org) was developed based on women’s views, values, and knowledge regarding risk-stratified breast cancer screening. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the decision aid on women’s knowledge, risk perception, acceptance of risk assessment and change of screening frequency, and decision-making. Here we report the results of a pre and post-survey in which women who are clients of BreastScreen Victoria were invited to complete an online questionnaire before and after viewing the decision aid. 3200 potential participants were invited, 242 responded with 127 participants completing both surveys. After reviewing the decision aid there was a significant change in knowledge, acceptance of risk-stratified breast cancer screening and of decreased frequency screening for lower risk. High levels of acceptance of risk stratification, genetic testing and broad support for tailored screening persisted pre and post review. The DEFINE decision aid has a positive impact on acceptance of lower frequency screening, a major barrier to the success of a risk-stratified program and may contribute to facilitating change to the population breast screening program in Australia.
T-cell priming transcriptomic markers: implications of immunome heterogeneity for precision immunotherapy
Authors: Miyashita Hirotaka , Kurzrock Razelle , Bevins Nicholas J. , Thangathurai Kartheeswaran , Lee Suzanna , Pabla Sarabjot , Nesline Mary , Glenn Sean T. , Conroy Jeffrey M. , DePietro Paul , Rubin Eitan , Sicklick Jason K. , Kato Shumei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade is effective for only a subset of cancers. Targeting T-cell priming markers (TPMs) may enhance activity, but proper application of these agents in the clinic is challenging due to immune complexity and heterogeneity. We interrogated transcriptomics of 15 TPMs (CD137, CD27, CD28, CD80, CD86, CD40, CD40LG, GITR, ICOS, ICOSLG, OX40, OX40LG, GZMB, IFNG, and TBX21) in a pan-cancer cohort (N = 514 patients, 30 types of cancer). TPM expression was analyzed for correlation with histological type, microsatellite instability high (MSI-H), tumor mutational burden (TMB), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Among 514 patients, the most common histological types were colorectal (27%), pancreatic (11%), and breast cancer (10%). No statistically significant association between histological type and TPM expression was seen. In contrast, expression of GZMB (granzyme B, a serine protease stored in activated T and NK cells that induces cancer cell apoptosis) and IFNG (activates cytotoxic T cells) were significantly higher in tumors with MSI-H, TMB ≥ 10 mutations/mb and PD-L1 ≥ 1%. PD-L1 ≥ 1% was also associated with significantly higher CD137, GITR, and ICOS expression. Patients’ tumors were classified into “Hot”, “Mixed”, or “Cold” clusters based on TPM expression using hierarchical clustering. The cold cluster showed a significantly lower proportion of tumors with PD-L1 ≥ 1%. Overall, 502 patients (98%) had individually distinct patterns of TPM expression. Diverse expression patterns of TPMs independent of histological type but correlating with other immunotherapy biomarkers (PD-L1 ≥ 1%, MSI-H and TMB ≥ 10 mutations/mb) were observed. Individualized selection of patients based on TPM immunomic profiles may potentially help with immunotherapy optimization.
Granular flow experiment using artificial gravity generator at International Space Station
Authors: Ozaki S. , Ishigami G. , Otsuki M. , Miyamoto H. , Wada K. , Watanabe Y. , Nishino T. , Kojima H. , Soda K. , Nakao Y. , Sutoh M. , Maeda T. , Kobayashi T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStudying the gravity-dependent characteristics of regolith, fine-grained granular media covering extra-terrestrial bodies is essential for the reliable design and analysis of landers and rovers for space exploration. In this study, we propose an experimental approach to examine a granular flow under stable artificial gravity conditions for a long duration generated by a centrifuge at the International Space Station. We also perform a discrete element simulation of the granular flow in both artificial and natural gravity environments. The simulation results verify that the granular flows in artificial and natural gravity are consistent. Further, regression analysis of the experimental results reveals that the mass flow rate of granular flow quantitatively follows a well-known physics-based law with some deviations under low-gravity conditions, implying that the bulk density of the granular media decreases with gravity. This insight also indicates that the bulk density considered in simulation studies of space probes under low-gravity conditions needs to be tuned for their reliable design and analysis.
Testing the theory of Kuznet curve on environmental pollution during pre- and post-Covid-19 era
Authors: Oduniyi Oluwaseun Samuel , Riveros John M. , Hassan Sherif M. , Çıtak Ferhat 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCovid-19 has brought about significant changes in people’s daily lives, leading to a slowdown in economic activities and the implementation of restrictions and lockdowns. As a result, there have been noticeable effects on the environment. In this study, we examine the impact of Covid-19 total cases on the monthly average of carbon monoxide emissions in developed economies known for heavy pollution, covering the period from 2014 to 2023. We apply the Ambiental Kuznets curve approach to analyze the data. By employing different panel estimation techniques such as fixed effects and Driscoll-Kraay regressions, we observe a marked shift in environmental dynamics during the post-Covid era. This shift alters the statistical significance of the N-shaped Kuznets curve, rendering the relationship between economic activity and environmental impact non-significant. Interestingly, the Covid-related variables utilized in the various estimations are not statistically significant in explaining the long-term environmental effects.
Gene expression changes in sickle cell reticulocytes and their clinical associations
Authors: Zhang Xu , Song Jihyun , Shah Binal N. , Han Jin , Hassan Taif , Miasniakova Galina , Sergueeva Adelina , Nekhai Sergei , Machado Roberto F. , Gladwin Mark T. , Saraf Santosh L. , Prchal Josef T. , Gordeuk Victor R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTranscriptional changes in compensatory erythropoiesis in sickle cell anemia (SCA) and their disease modulation are unclear. We detected 1226 differentially expressed genes in hemoglobin SS reticulocytes compared to non-anemic hemoglobin AA controls. Assessing developmental expression changes in hemoglobin AA erythroblasts for these genes suggests heightened terminal differentiation in early erythroblasts in SCA that diminishes toward the polychromatic to orthochromatic stage transition. Comparison of reticulocyte gene expression changes in SCA with that in Chuvash erythrocytosis, a non-anemic disorder of increased erythropoiesis due to constitutive activation of hypoxia inducible factors, identified 453 SCA-specific changes attributable to compensatory erythropoiesis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in SCA contain elevated proportions of erythroid progenitors due to heightened erythropoiesis. Deconvolution analysis in PBMCs from 131 SCA patients detected 54 genes whose erythroid expression correlated with erythropoiesis efficiency, which were enriched with SCA-specific changes (OR = 2.9, P = 0.00063) and annotation keyword “ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process”, “protein ubiquitination”, and “protein polyubiquitination” (OR = 4.2, P = 7.5 × 10–5). An erythroid expression quantitative trait locus of one of these genes,LNX2encoding an E3 ubiquitin ligase, associated with severe pain episodes in 774 SCA patients (OR = 1.7, P = 3.9 × 10–5). Thus, erythroid gene transcription responds to unique conditions within SCA erythroblasts and these changes potentially correspond to vaso-occlusive manifestations.
Biomarker dynamics affecting neoadjuvant therapy response and outcome of HER2-positive breast cancer subtype
Authors: Orrù Sandra , Pascariello Emanuele , Pes Barbara , Rallo Vincenzo , Barbara Raffaele , Muntoni Marta , Notari Francesca , Fancello Gianfranco , Mocci Cristina , Muroni Maria Rosaria , Cossu-Rocca Paolo , Angius Andrea , De Miglio Maria Rosaria 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHER2+ breast cancer (BC) is an aggressive subtype genetically and biologically heterogeneous. We evaluate the predictive and prognostic role of HER2 protein/gene expression levels combined with clinico-pathologic features in 154 HER2+ BCs patients who received trastuzumab-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). The tumoral pathological complete response (pCR) rate was 40.9%. High tumoral pCR show a scarce mortality rate vs subjects with a lower response. 93.7% of ypT0 were HER2 IHC3+ BC, 6.3% were HER2 IHC 2+/SISH+ and 86.7% of ypN0 were HER2 IHC3+, the remaining were HER2 IHC2+/SISH+. Better pCR rate correlate with a high percentage of infiltrating immune cells and right-sided tumors, that reduce distant metastasis and improve survival, but no incidence difference. HER2 IHC score and laterality emerge as strong predictors of tumoral pCR after NACT from machine learning analysis. HER2 IHC3+ and G3 are poor prognostic factors for HER2+ BC patients, and could be considered in the application of neoadjuvant therapy. Increasing TILs concentrations, lower lymph node ratio and lower residual tumor cellularity are associated with a better outcome. The immune microenvironment and scarce lymph node involvement have crucial role in clinical outcomes. The combination of all predictors might offer new options for NACT effectiveness prediction and stratification of HER2+ BC during clinical decision-making.
Potential value of red blood cell distribution width in predicting in-hospital mortality in intensive care US population with acute pancreatitis: a propensity score matching analysis
Authors: He Shaoya , Shao Yu , Hu Tianyang , Liu Yanan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe association between red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and in-hospital mortality in intensive care patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) is inconclusive. We extracted the baseline data, Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP) score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and in-hospital prognosis of intensive care patients with AP from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database. Performing binary logistic regression analysis to determine whether RDW is an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality. By drawing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and comparing the areas under the ROC curves (AUC) to determine the predictive value of RDW for in-hospital mortality, and by conducting survival analysis to evaluate the impact of RDW on survival time in hospital. Before and after the propensity score matching (PSM) analysis, RDW was always a risk factor for in-hospital mortality in patients with AP. The AUC of RDW was comparable to BISAP, while the AUCs of combining RDW and BISAP or SOFA were greater than that of BISAP or SOFA alone. The median survival time of the high-RDW group (RDW > 15.37%, before PSM; RDW > 15.35%, after PSM) was shorter than that of the low-RDW group. Compared with the low-RDW group, the hazard ratios of the high-RDW group were 3.0708 (before PSM) and 1.4197 (after PSM). RDW is an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in patients with AP. The predictive value of RDW for in-hospital mortality of patients with AP is comparable to BISAP, and the combination of RDW and BISAP or SOFA scoring system can improve the predictive performance to a certain extent.
Implications of COVID-19 vaccination heterogeneity in mobility networks
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Jahani Eaman , Zhao Shengjia , Ahn Yong-Yeol , Pentland Alex Sandy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOur study utilizes network science to examine how uneven vaccine distribution affects mass vaccination strategies in the United States. Using mobility network data and epidemiological models, we find that distributing a fixed quantity of additional vaccines across Census Block Groups (CBGs) can vary case count reductions by up to 200%. This highlights the impact of vaccination heterogeneity in mobility networks on epidemic outcomes. Our efficient algorithm identifies optimal vaccine distribution for maximum case reduction. Simulations show a possible 9.5% decrease in case numbers with just a 1% increase in the national vaccination rate if vaccines are optimally distributed. This result surpasses those from other vaccine distribution models. Our findings underline the need for policymakers to understand the interaction between vaccination patterns and mobility networks, suggesting that grasping geographical vaccine uptake variations could be as crucial as raising the overall vaccination rate.
Conjugate Addition of Organoboron Compounds to α,β-Unsaturated Ketones Catalyzed by Nickelacycles
Authors: Semba Kazuhiko , Nakao Yoshiaki , Nagase Kotaro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe catalytic activity of nickelacycles in the conjugate addition of arylboronates to α,β-unsaturated ketones was investigated. Nickelacycles afforded β-arylated ketones in moderate to high yields, whereas an analogous palladacycle did not catalyze the reaction. Studies on the time course of the reaction confirmed that the nickelacycles act as active species in the conjugate addition reaction.
Homoeopathic Treatment of Postnatal Stage IV Pressure Ulcer: A Case Report
Authors: Singh Namrata , Das Kapil 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPressure ulcer or decubitus ulcer is generally caused due to constant pressure on the dependent parts of the body owing to impaired blood circulation. Due to this condition, the affected area shows varying changes from disruption of normal skin texture to formation of ulcer, many a times with discharge. Very commonly seen in cases with restricted ambulatory functions and /or immunodeficiency, pressure ulcers become a nuisance if left unattended. A case of a 28-year-old female patient presented with stage IV decubitus ulcers on her right gluteal region since the delivery of her 6 month old child. She had complaints of stinging or splinter like pain and itching of affected area with discharge of offensive pus worsening at night and with slightest touch. On the basis of totality, Acidum nitricum 200 was given, which provided a very favourable result in terms of healing the ulcer and progressing the state to a healthier one within 3 months. The outcome assessment in this case report was done by using the ‘MONARCH Inventory’.
Reporting Quality of the Abstracts for Randomized Controlled Trials in Pediatric Dentistry
Authors: Gopinath Vellore Kannan , Shetty Raghavendra M. , Renugalakshmi Apathsakayan , Dharmarajan Lalli , Prakash Ponnudurai Samuel Gnana , Jayaraman Jayakumar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study is to systematically appraise the reporting quality of abstracts for randomized controlled trials (RCT) published in pediatric dentistry using Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) for abstracts and to analyze the relationship between the characteristics of the RCT to the quality of abstracts.
Materials and Methods RCTs published in Pediatric Dentistry were retrieved from the PubMed database from 2016 to 2021. The quality of abstracts was appraised using CONSORT for abstracts checklist by two independent reviewers.
Statistical Analysis In descriptive statistics, frequency and percentage analysis were used for categorical variables, whereas mean and standard deviation were used for continuous variables. To find the significant difference between the bivariate samples in independent groups, Mann–Whitney U test was employed. Multivariate analysis was performed using Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U tests. Probability value of p-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results Two hundred abstracts were included in the study. All the abstracts adequately reported the “objective” item, whereas only 2 and 4% of abstracts adequately addressed “randomization” and “harms” items, respectively. A significant relationship was observed between the continent of first author/corresponding author, number of authors, impact factor, adherence to CONSORT guidelines, word count, focus of study, and a
priori protocol registration to the quality of abstracts (p < 0.05).
Conclusion The abstracts of the RCT included in the study did not adequately follow the CONSORT for abstract guidelines. Adherence to the reporting guidelines would improve the overall reporting quality of abstracts of RCT published in Pediatric Dentistry. The overall mean score of the abstracts was 6.80 out of 15 indicating that the abstracts did not adequately follow the CONSORT for abstract reporting guidelines.
Life-Threatening Streptococcal Soft Tissue Infections in Children with Chickenpox: A Post-COVID-19 Case Series
Authors: McKechnie Iona , Mishra Ankit , Torres-Grau Jana , Cohen Jonathan , Filson Simon 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective Children with chickenpox complicated by soft tissue infections can become critically unwell. We investigated cases that were referred to our center to examine the role of medical and surgical management in their care.
Methods Children presenting with severe soft tissue infections (SSTIs) associated with varicella infections to a tertiary children's hospital in London serving the South East of England were identified. A retrospective review of the patients' records was performed.
Results Ten patients presented having developed severe fever and localized cellulitis at around day 4 of their varicella infection. Group A Streptococcus (GAS) was identified as the causative organism in 90% of cases. Every patient required surgical intervention in addition to medical therapy to establish control of their soft tissue infection. We report 100% survival, and no patients required further reconstructive surgery.
Conclusion SSTIs, often caused by invasive GAS, can severely complicate otherwise innocuous cases of chickenpox. Failure to respond to maximal medical therapy should prompt urgent referral to a specialist center, and early surgical intervention can prevent progression to more serious illness.
Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Mother-to-Child Vertical Transmission: Prospective and Observational Study
Authors: Divarci Alper , Bulbul Ali , Bas Evrim Kiray , Yigitler Gulen Hurkal , Aydin Alev , Avsar Hasan , Congur Emel Celebi , Uslu Hasan Sinan , Unal Ebru Turkoglu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective The COVID-19 pandemic was declared a pandemic and a global health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. COVID-19 infection is the most common cause of life-threatening acute respiratory tract infection in adults and older people but more mildly in the childhood age group. While the pandemic continues, there is no clear information about the vertical transmission of COVID-19 infection from the mother to the baby.
Methods In our study, we aimed to examine vertical virus transmission (breast milk, amniotic fluid, placenta) in pregnant women with COVID-19 infection and to examine the demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of these infants. Our prospective and observational study was conducted in our hospital between March 1, 2020 and July 31, 2021.
Results During the study period, a total of 24 infants were included. All infants were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit for postnatal follow-up. The virus was not detected in breast milk or amniotic fluids by the SARS-COV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test, and no evidence of vertical transmission was found.
Conclusion In our study, no life-threatening complication was found in the babies of mothers infected with COVID-19 at birth. Babies born to mothers with COVID-19 infection did not develop any system findings that required specific treatment.