bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of FNAC and Histopathology in Diagnosis of Thyroid Swelling
Authors: Rahman Md Mukhlesur , Begum Mahmuda , Majumder Dhananjoy 
Published: July 2023

Background: Neck swelling is a common clinical presentation in ENT practice and it carries significant morbidity and even mortality if not managed properly. Thyroid swelling being the most common type among them. We conducted a study to assess the role of FNAC in diagnosing the nature of thyroid swelling and comparing its result with histopathology finding. The aim and objectives of this study is to observe the correlation between preoperative Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) and post operative histopathology in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions.
Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was done in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery and Department of Pathology, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram from January 2018 to December 2020. Eighty (80) patients, both male and female of different age groups were included. The selected patients were subjected to clinical examination, routine hematological investigation, thyroid hormone test, USG, thyroid Scan, FNAC and histopathological examinations of the thyroidectomy specimens. Correlation between FNAC and histopathology reports were done in those patients.
Results: In this study, age range of the patients were 11 years to 70 years. Out of 80 patients of thyroid swelling, the most of the patients 28(35%) were 31-40 years of age groups. out of 80 patients of thyroid swelling, 26(26.25%) were male and 59(73.75%) were female and male female ratio was1:2.81. On FNAC 64(80%) were non neoplastic and 16(20%) were neoplastic. Out of 64(80%) of non neoplastic lesions, 62(77.50%) were nodular goitre and 2(2.5%) were lymphocytic thyroiditis and out of 16(20%) neoplastic thyroid swelling, 2(2.50%) were follicular lesion, 12(15%) were papillary carcinoma, 1(1.25%) was follicular carcinoma and 1(1.25%) was suspicious for malignancy. On histopathology, out of 80 patients of thyroid swelling 60(75%) were non neoplastic and 20(25%) were neoplastic. out of 60(75%) non neoplastic, 59 (73.75%) were nodular, 1(1.25%) was Lymphocytic thyroiditis and out of 20(25%) neoplastic lesions, 3(3.75%) were follicular adenoma,13(16.25%) were papillary carcinoma,3(3.75%) were follicular variant of papillary carcinoma and 1(1.25%) was follicular carcinoma.
Conclusion: It is concluded from the present study that female are more affected in our region. Non neoplastic lesions of the thyroid were more common (Nodular goitre being the commonest) than neoplastic lesions (Papillary carcinoma being the commonest). FNAC is essential diagnostic tool for thyroid swelling but final diagnosis to rule out thyroid cancer is surgical excision and histopathology.
Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.22 (1); January 2023; Page 19-22
Adherence to Anti-Seizure Medications in Children with Epilepsy Attending a Tertiary Care Center in Bangladesh
Authors: Das Dhananjoy , Akther Wahida , Barua Tanuka , Ahmed Rehena , Shikder Nazrul Quader , Chowdhury Mahmood A 
Published: July 2023

Background: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological morbidities in children worldwide. Anti-Seizure Medication (ASM) is the mainstay of epilepsy treatment. Adherence to Anti-Seizure Medication (ASM) is the key to achieving seizure remission. So this study aimed to assess the adherence to anti-seizure medication among children with epilepsy and to identify the factors that influence adherence.
Materials and methods: It was a cross-sectional study involving Infants and children aged six months to twelve years old with seizure disorder irrespective of etiology, taking anti-seizure medications for more than six months and receiving mono or polytherapy were enrolled as the study subject. Self-reporting measures were used to assess adherence. Patients' caregivers were interviewed for the assessment of adherence. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze the data, and univariate analysis with a chi-square test was used to observe the association between the variables and adherence.
Results: The mean±SD age of the participants was 34.75 ± 38.39 months. A significant association was found between the age of the respondent and compliance with anti-seizure medication (30.5± 27.25 vs. 39.99±36.67 months p=0.012). Males were more than females 28(70%) Vs. 12(30%). Most of the study subjects were belonging to lower-middle-class families 13(33.3%). The generalized onset of seizure was the frequent type of seizure 28(70%). The majority of the participants 24 (60%) did have a seizure with structural etiology. Most of the study subjects received monotherapy 34(85%). Sodium valproate 19(47.5%) was the most frequently used drug. Seizure remission was found in 28(70%) of the study population. No significant association was found between the treatment outcome and adherence to antiseizure medication (ASM). Adherence to ASM was found in 55% of this study. Unable to afford cost was found to be the main cause of non-adherence 14(35%). There is a significant association found between the duration of taking ASM and compliance with ASM (7.05 ± 5.3 vs. 17.56± 15.43 months p=0.005).
Conclusion: Adherence to Anti-Seizure Medication (ASM) is low in our study. Unable to afford cost was the main factor accountable for non-adherence appropriate interventions are needed to improve ASM compliance and consequently treatment outcome.
Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.22 (1); January 2023; Page 38-43
Relationship between HbA1c with Hypoglycaemic Attack and Diabetic Complications of Patients Admitted in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Nath Jishu Deb , Biswas Rajat Sanker Roy 
Published: July 2023

Background: Hypoglycemia is a major complication of diabetes mellitus and common causes of admission in hospital. Those who have long duration of diabetes having poor glycemic control, frequently experienced such events were self treated at home. The present study pointed to identify whether hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) a marker of average plasma glucose, relates with severe hypoglycemia and diabetic complications or not.
Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Maa-Shishu-O-General Hospital, Agrabad, Chattogram from April 2019 to September 2021. Total 36 patients were selected, as presenting in Medicine Department with documented hypoglycaemia. All data was taken meeting exclusion criteria and analysed.
Results: Hypoglycaemic episodes mostly occurred in elder cases (>61 year of ages) n=16, 44% and HbA1c mostly belongs to between 7.6 to 8 groups. Confusion is the most common presentation, N=63, 63.9%. Neuropathy was found as common complication, (30.6% , n=11) cases and most of the neuropathy found in HbA1c 7.6 to 8.5 groups 54.54% , n=6 . Most of the patients were taking sulfonylurea group of drugs 47.2% , n=17, and mixed acting insulin n=21 ,58.3%.
Conclusion: Hypoglycemic admission is not related to extensive Diabetic control rather with related to elder patients , various Diabetic complications and injudicious use of ant diabetic agents.
Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.22 (1); January 2023; Page 44-47
Cognitive Status In Thalassemia
Authors: Akter Wahida , Das Dhananjoy , Saha Gouri , Chowdhury Mahmood A , Ahmed Rehana , Chowdhury Muhammad Jabed Bin Amin 
Published: July 2023

Background: Thalassemia is one of the most common chronic and genetic hematological disorder. This chronic disease challenges the individual at the physical, emotional, cognitive level and disrupts the quality of life because of persistent anemia and hypoxia. The aim of study is to assess the cognitive status in thalassemia.
Material and methods: This is a cross-sectional observational type of study that was performed in Autism and Child Development Center of Chattagram Maa Shishu–O–General Hospital. Children aged 6 to 16 years with thalassemia of different catagories were enrolled as study subjects. Study period was six months. Cognitive status of this study subject was assessed by WICS-IV equipment.
Results: Among the 50 study subjects, Hb E b thalassemia was the most common type of thalassemia 39(78%). 2(4%) patient took oral chelating agent, 18 (36%) were under injectable, 20(40%) were found taking both oral and injectable and 10(20%) were observed not under any iron chelation therapy. Regular iron chelation therapy was found in 22(44%) cases.10(20%) cases had normal intelligence,19(38%) cases had mild mental retardation and 21 (42%) had moderate mental retardation. Among the 10 patients who do not use any chelation therapy,8(80%) patients had moderate retardation and 2(20%) had mild mental retardation. On the other hand, among the 40 patients who were having iron chelation therapy, 10(25%) patients showed normal level of intelligence, 17(42.5%) had mild mental retardation and 13(32.5%) had moderate mental retardation. In different score of WISC-IV, it was found that working memory and processing speed were poorer than verbal comprehension and perceptual reasoning in different type of thalassemia. This study also showed poor cognition is more prominent in thalassemia major and Hb E beta thalassemia.
Conclusion: Cognitive status of the study subjects who take regular iron chelation therapy is much better than those who do not take iron chelation therapy. Hence, iron chelation therapy is proved to have better cognitive outcome for thalassemia patients with iron overload.
Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.22 (1); January 2023; Page 57-61
Clinical Predictors of Sodium Disturbance in Children Presenting with Acute Watery Diarrhea in a Tertiary Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Ara Ferdous , Choudhury Zabeen , Hasan Syeda Humaida , Zebunnesa Mosammat , Samad Rasheda 
Published: July 2023

Background: Sodium disturbances, either hyponatremia or hypernatremia, are the most common electrolyte imbalance encountered in managing children with acute watery diarrhoea. Early diagnosis and prompt management of these conditions by identifying clinical predicting factors in diarrheal children under 5 years of age are critically essential to prevent deaths in such children, especially in resource-limited settings. Our study aimed to evaluate clinical predicting factors associated with sodium disturbance in children hospitalized with acute watery diarrhea.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 121 children of 2 months to 5 years of age admitted in the Department of Pediatrics, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chattogram for acute watery diarrhea were included. Clinical features and sodium levels on admission were recorded. Children were grouped in hyponatremia (serum sodium <135mmol/l), hypernatremia (serum sodium >145mmol/l) and normonatremia (serum sodium 135–145mmol/l) and compared.
Results: Of the 121 children, 18 (14.9%) were hyponatremic, 71 (58.7%) isonatraemic, and 32 (26.4%) hypernatraemic. Logistic regression analysis revealed that children who did not receive ORS before admission, had severe dehydration and lethargy on admission would be more likely to have hyponatremic dehydration. Children who were younger, received concentrated ORS, thirsty and had convulsions on admission would be more likely to have hypernatremic dehydration than children with isonatremia.
Conclusion: The type of ORS used and age appears to be good predictors of sodium disturbance in children admitted with AWD.
Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.22 (1); January 2023; Page 71-75
Bayesian network meta-analysis comparing hot balloon, laser balloon and cryoballoon ablation as initial therapies for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Wu Chenxia , Hu Luoxia , Kong Youjin , Zhao Bowen , Mao Wei , Zhou Xinbin 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundBalloon-based catheter ablation (CA) technologies, including hot balloon ablation (HBA), laser balloon ablation (LBA) and cryoballoon ablation (CBA) have been introduced in recent years as alternatives to conventional radiofrequency ablation therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the results remain controversial concerning the optimal approach. Thus, we conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of HBA, LBA and CBA.MethodsClinical trials comparing the efficacy and safety of HBA, LBA and CBA were identified through a systematic search up to October 2022. The primary outcomes of interest were the recurrence of AF and procedure-related complications.ResultsTwenty clinical trials with a total of 1,995 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The NMA results demonstrated that HBA, LBA and CBA had comparable AF recurrence rates (HBA vs. CBA: odds ratio OR = 0.88, 95% credible interval CrI: 0.56–1.4; LBA vs. CBA: OR = 1.1, 95% CrI: 0.75–1.5; LBA vs. HBA: OR = 1.2, 95% CrI: 0.70–2.0) and procedure-related complications (HBA vs. CBA: OR = 0.93, 95% CrI: 0.46–2.3; LBA vs. CBA: OR = 1.1, 95% CrI: 0.63–2.1; LBA vs. HBA: OR = 1.2, 95% CrI: 0.44–2.8). The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) suggested that HBA may be the optimal approach concerning the primary outcomes (SUCRA = 74.4%; 61.1%, respectively). However, HBA (40.1%) had a significantly higher incidence of touch-up ablation (TUA) than LBA (8.5%, OR = 2.8, 95% CrI: 1.1–7.1) and CBA (11.9%, OR = 3.7, 95% CrI: 1.9–7.5). LBA required more procedure time than CBA [mean difference (MD = 32.0 min, 95% CrI: 19.0–45.0 min)] and HBA (MD = 26.0 min, 95% CrI: 5.6–45.0 min), but less fluoroscopy time than HBA (MD = −9.4 min, 95% CrI: −17.0–−2.4 min).ConclusionsHBA, LBA and CBA had comparable efficacy and safety as initial treatments for AF. HBA ranked highest in the primary outcomes, but at the cost of a higher incidence of TUA and longer fluoroscopy time.Systematic Review Registrationwww.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022381954, identifier: CRD42022381954.
Designing a video consultation area for hybrid care delivery: the Garden Room with a view
Authors: Smits Merlijn , van Dalen Demi , Popping Danny , Bleeker René , Stommel Martijn W. J. , van Goor Harry 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionAccelerated by the coronavirus pandemic, the healthcare landscape is rapidly evolving, with a shift towards hybrid care models combining in-person and online care. To support this shift, the Radboudumc, an academic hospital in the Netherlands, decided to redesign an existing space facilitating the conduction of video consultations.MethodThe design process involved participation of end-users to ensure that the physical space met their needs. The look and feel of the area was based on evidence-based design guidelines. Two prototype setups were built and tested, and the feedback informed the final design of the Garden Room.ResultsIdentified end-user needs were divided into 3 major categories entailing consultation room setup, optimal use of technology and practical issues involving room availability. Combined with the look and feel of the hospital, final design requirements were developed. The Garden Room consists of 18 video consultation rooms, 4 shared workspaces, relaxation area with kitchen, and meeting rooms. Specific attention is given to the ergonomics, technology and privacy in the rooms to facilitate optimal video conversations between patients and healthcare providers. In the Garden Room, natural elements and an open design supports working in a healing environment.DiscussionNext challenge will be optimizing the use of the Garden Room, which may be hindered by various barriers like resistance to change, existing work processes, and lack of skills training. To address these barriers and support use of the Garden Room, the hospital should focus on the implementation of education, changes in work processes, and the presence of advocates for telehealth.
Geological hazards in the Oujiang estuary in the Zhejiang Province, China: type, distribution, and origin
Authors: Jiang Shenghui , Dong Chao , Feng Jing , Cheng Haiyan , Yang Jiaojiao , Li Meina , Wang Jianqiang , Chen Xuanbo , Zhou Yubo 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: As our understanding of the ocean and its uses continues to advance, countries worldwide with ocean access are implementing new marine strategies. For example, understanding marine geological disasters can help develop the use of ocean resources and oceanic engineering.Methods: Therefore, this study used recent data from the Oujiang Estuary, a nearshore area in China, to determine its geological hazards.Results: The geological hazards were classified as active or restricted based on topography, geomorphology, shallow seismic profile, single-channel seismic profile, and geological drilling data. Active geological hazards primarily include shallow gas and active sand waves, whereas restrictive geological hazards include irregularly buried bedrock, erosion channels, steep submarine slopes, and buried paleochannels. We also evaluated the distribution characteristics and scope, such as the vertical distribution of shallow gas based on the seismic profiles, drilling rock facies, methane, and carbon dioxide contents in the top air, and the isotope values. We found that shallow gas was vertically distributed among multiple layers. The main gas-bearing layers were the clayey silt and sandy (silt) clay layers of the early Holocene and late Pleistocene strata. The shallow gas content was relatively low in the coarse sediment layer at the bottom of the late Pleistocene succession. Generally, the Holocene and late Pleistocene deposits do not contain gas, and the gas content in the middle and late Pleistocene strata (at greater depths) is relatively low.Discussion: The combined effects of the regional geological structure, sea level changes, modern hydrodynamics, and human activities have formed the geological environment of the Oujiang Estuary.
Text mining-based identification of promising miRNA biomarkers for diabetes mellitus
Authors: Li Xin , Dai Andrea , Tran Richard , Wang Jie 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that play a critical role in diabetes development. While individual studies investigating the mechanisms of miRNA in diabetes provide valuable insights, their narrow focus limits their ability to provide a comprehensive understanding of miRNAs’ role in diabetes pathogenesis and complications.MethodsTo reduce potential bias from individual studies, we employed a text mining-based approach to identify the role of miRNAs in diabetes and their potential as biomarker candidates. Abstracts of publications were tokenized, and biomedical terms were extracted for topic modeling. Four machine learning algorithms, including Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machines (SVM), were employed for diabetes classification. Feature importance was assessed to construct miRNA-diabetes networks.ResultsOur analysis identified 13 distinct topics of miRNA studies in the context of diabetes, and miRNAs exhibited a topic-specific pattern. SVM achieved a promising prediction for diabetes with an accuracy score greater than 60%. Notably, miR-146 emerged as one of the critical biomarkers for diabetes prediction, targeting multiple genes and signal pathways implicated in diabetic inflammation and neuropathy.ConclusionThis comprehensive approach yields generalizable insights into the network miRNAs-diabetes network and supports miRNAs’ potential as a biomarker for diabetes.
Hepatic venous pressure gradient and rebleeding risk of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis after variceal bleeding
Authors: Shi Yiqi , Shen Wenyong , Xu Gang , Wang Xunzheng , Ning Bo 
Published: July 2023

Background and aimsHepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) has a strong predictive value for variceal rebleeding in cirrhotic patients, but the accuracy of HVPG may be compromised in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) cirrhosis. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of HVPG and portal pressure gradient (PPG) for predicting rebleeding in NASH cirrhosis after acute variceal bleeding.Patients and methodsThirty-eight NASH cirrhosis patients and 82 hepatitis B virus (HBV) cirrhosis patients with acute variceal bleeding were included in this study. All patients recived transjugular intrahepatic portalsystemic shunt (TIPS). The prognostic value of HVPG and PPG for variceal rebleeding was evaluated.ResultsCompared with HBV cirrhosis, NASH cirrhosis demonstrated a lower HVPG (15.3 ± 3.8 vs. 18.0 ± 4.8; p = 0.003) and lower PPG (18.0 ± 3.7 vs. 20.0 ± 3.4; p = 0.005). HVPG (AUC = 0.82; p = 0.002) and PPG (AUC = 0.72; p = 0.027) had promising prognostic value among NASH cirrhosis patients. The optimal threshold of HVPG and PPG for predicting rebleeding in NASH cirrhosis was 17 mmHg and 20 mmHg. At multivariate analysis, HVPG ≥17 mmHg was a significant predictor of variceal rebleeding (HR 9.40; 95% CI 1.85–47.70; p = 0.007).ConclusionIn the patients with cirrhosis and vairceal bleeding, the levels of HVPG and PPG were found to be low in NASH cirrhosis than HBV cirrhosis. However, the prevalence of rebleeding was similar between two groups. HVPG measurement is still an accurate way to assess the risk of variceal rebleeding in NASH cirrhosis.
An analysis of the nutritional effects of Schisandra chinensis components based on mass spectrometry technology
Authors: Jia Mengzhen , Zhou Li , Lou Yuanyuan , Yang Xiaoqing , Zhao Hangyu , Ouyang Xinshou , Huang Yanjie 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveSchisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (S. chinensis) is a Traditional Chinese medicinal herb that can be used both for medicinal purposes and as a food ingredient due to its beneficial properties, and it is enriched with a wide of natural plant nutrients, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, anthocyanins, lignans, triterpenes, organic acids, and sugars. At present, there is lack of comprehensive study or systemic characterization of nutritional and active ingredients of S. chinensis using innovative mass spectrometry techniques.MethodsThe comprehensive review was conducted by searching the PubMed databases for relevant literature of various mass spectrometry techniques employed in the analysis of nutritional components in S. chinensis, as well as their main nutritional effects. The literature search covered the past 5 years until March 15, 2023.ResultsThe potential nutritional effects of S. chinensis are discussed, including its ability to enhance immunity, function as an antioxidant, anti-allergen, antidepressant, and anti-anxiety agent, as well as its ability to act as a sedative-hypnotic and improve memory, cognitive function, and metabolic imbalances. Meanwhile, the use of advanced mass spectrometry detection technologies have the potential to enable the discovery of new nutritional components of S. chinensis, and to verify the effects of different extraction methods on these components. The contents of anthocyanins, lignans, organic acids, and polysaccharides, the main nutritional components in S. chinensis, are also closely associated to its quality.ConclusionThis review will provide guidelines for an in-depth study on the nutritional value of S. chinensis and for the development of healthy food products with effective components.