bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure to MoS2 nanosheets or bulk activated Kruppel‐like factor 4 in 3D Caco‐2 spheroids in vitro and mouse intestines in vivo
Authors: Xiao You , He Yuanyuan , Xu Chongsi , Li Mei , Hu Fan , Wang Wei , Wang Zhenquan , Cao Yi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMoS2 nanosheets (NSs) are novel 2D nanomaterials (NMs) being used in many important fields. Recently, we proposed the need to evaluate the influences of NMs on Kruppel‐like factors (KLFs) even if these materials are relatively biocompatible. In this study, we investigated the influences of MoS2 NSs or bulk on KLF4 signaling pathway in 3D Caco‐2 spheroids in vitro and mouse intestines in vivo. Through the analysis of our previous RNA‐sequencing data, we found that exposure to MoS2 NSs or bulk activated KLF4 expression in 3D Caco‐2 spheroids. Consistently, these materials also activated KLF4‐related gene ontology (GO) terms and down‐regulated a panel of KLF4‐downstream genes. To verify these findings, we repeatedly exposed mice to MoS2 NSs or bulk materials via intragastrical administration (1 mg/kg bodyweight, once a day, for 4 days). It was shown that oral exposure to these materials decreased bodyweight, leading to relatively higher organ coefficients. As expected, exposure to both types of materials increased Mo elements as well as other trace elements, such as Zn, Fe, and Mn in mouse intestines. The exposure also induced morphological changes of intestines, such as shortening of intestinal villi and decreased crypt depth, which may result in decreased intestinal lipid staining. Consistent with RNA‐sequencing data, we found that material exposure increased KLF4 protein staining in mouse intestines and decreased two KLF4 downstream proteins, namely extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and serine/threonine kinase (AKT). We concluded that MoS2 materials were capable to activate KLF4‐signaling pathway in intestines both in vivo and in vitro.
Ganglionic eminence: volumetric assessment of transient brain structure utilizing fetal magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Stuempflen M. , Taymourtash A. , Kienast P. , Schmidbauer V. U. , Schwartz E. , Mitter C. , Binder J. , Prayer D. , Kasprian G. ,   Collaborators
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo provide quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) super‐resolution‐based three‐dimensional volumetric reference data on the growth dynamics of the ganglionic eminence (GE) relative to cortical and total fetal brain volumes (TBV).MethodsThis was a retrospective study of fetuses without structural central nervous system anomalies or other confounding comorbidities that were referred for fetal MRI. Super‐resolution reconstructions of 1.5‐ and 3‐Tesla T2‐weighted images were generated. Semiautomatic segmentation of TBV and cortical volume and manual segmentation of the GE were performed. Cortical volume, TBV and GE volume were quantified and three‐dimensional reconstructions were generated to visualize the developmental dynamics of the GE.ResultsOverall, 120 fetuses that underwent 127 MRI scans at a mean gestational age of 27.23 ± 4.81 weeks (range, 20–37 weeks) were included. In the investigated gestational‐age range, GE volume ranged from 74.88 to 808.75 mm3 and was at its maximum at 21 gestational weeks, followed by a linear decrease (R2 = 0.559) throughout the late second and third trimesters. A pronounced reduction in GE volume relative to cortical volume and TBV occurred in the late second trimester, with a decline in this reduction observed in the third trimester (R2 = 0.936 and 0.924, respectively). Three‐dimensional rendering allowed visualization of a continuous change in the shape and size of the GE throughout the second and third trimesters.ConclusionsEven small compartments of the fetal brain, which are not easily accessible by standardized two‐dimensional modalities, can be assessed precisely by super‐resolution processed fetal MRI. The inverse growth dynamics of GE volume compared with TBV and cortical volume reflects the transitory nature and physiological involution of this (patho‐)physiologically important brain structure. The normal development and involution of the GE is mandatory for normal cortical development. Pathological changes of this transient organ precede impairment of cortical structures, and their detection may allow an earlier diagnosis of such anomalies. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Transient torque reversals in indirect drive wind turbines
Authors: Sarkar Saptarshi , Johansson Håkan , Berbyuk Viktor 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe adverse effect of transient torque reversals (TTRs) on wind turbine gearboxes can be severe due to their magnitude and rapid occurrence compared with other equipment. The primary damage is caused to the bearings as the bearing loaded zone rapidly changes its direction. Other components are also affected by TTRs (such as gear tooth); however, its impact on bearings is the largest. While the occurrence and severity of TTRs are acknowledged in the industry, there is a lack of academic literature on their initiation, propagation and the associated risk of damage. Furthermore, in the wide range of operation modes of a wind turbine, it is not known which modes can lead to TTRs. Further, the interdependence of TTRs on environmental loading like the wind is also not reported. This paper aims to address these unknowns by expanding on the understanding of TTRs using a high‐fidelity numerical model of an indirect drive wind turbine with a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). To this end, a multibody model of the drivetrain is developed in SIMPACK. The model of the drivetrain is explicitly coupled to state‐of‐the‐art wind turbine simulator OpenFAST and a grid‐connected DFIG developed in MATLAB®'s Simulink® allowing a coupled analysis of the electromechanical system. A metric termed slip risk duration is proposed in this paper to quantify the risk associated with the TTRs. The paper first investigates a wide range of IEC design load cases to uncover which load cases can lead to TTRs. It was found that emergency stops and symmetric grid voltage drops can lead to TTRs. Next, the dependence of the TTRs on inflow wind parameters is investigated using a sensitivity analysis. It was found that the instantaneous wind speed at the onset of the grid fault or emergency shutdown was the most influential factor in the slip risk duration. The investigation enables the designer to predict the occurrence of TTRs and quantify the associated risk of damage. The paper concludes with recommendations for utility‐scale wind turbines and directions for future research.
Equiatomic intermetallic barium compounds BaTX (T=Pd, Pt, Au; X=Mg, Zn, Cd) with TiNiSi and ZrBeSi type structure
Authors: Reimann Maximilian Kai , Kösters Jutta , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe equiatomic ternary BaTX (T=Pd, Pt, Au; X=Mg, Zn, Cd) phases were obtained by reaction of the elements in sealed tantalum ampoules. The compounds were characterized through their X‐ray powder patterns. BaAuMg and BaTCd (T=Pd, Pt, Au) crystallize with the TiNiSi type structure, while the compounds BaTZn (T=Pd, Pt) adopt the ZrBeSi type. The structures of BaAuMg and BaPdZn were refined from single crystal X‐ray diffractometer data: Pnma, a=801.34(5), b=467.71(8), c=924.07(10) pm, wR2=0.0955, 736 F2 values, 20 variables for BaAuMg and P63/mmc, a=449.68(2), c=901.62(4) pm, wR2=0.1172, 145 F2 values, 8 variables for BaPdZn. The structures derive from the aristotype AlB2. The gold and magnesium atoms form puckered Au3Mg3 hexagons with 284–328 pm Au−Mg while the Pd3Zn3 hexagons in BaPdZn are planar (260 pm Pd−Zn). Comparison of all known BaTX phases shows a range of the valence electron count (VEC) from 13 (BaMnGe) to 18 (BaAuP). The BaTX phases crystallize with seven different structure types and there is no obvious correlation with VEC.
The Helmholtz Decomposition of a BMO Type Vector Field in a Slightly Perturbed Half Space
Authors: Giga Yoshikazu , Gu Zhongyang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe introduce a space of $$L^2$$

L
2

vector fields with bounded mean oscillation whose “normal” component to the boundary is well-controlled. We establish its Helmholtz decomposition in the case when the domain is a perturbed $$C^3$$

C
3

half space in $${\textbf{R}}^n$$

R

n

$$(n \ge 3)$$

(
n
≥
3
)

with small perturbation.
Toward a logistic model of dynamic mold growth on wood
Authors: Kopecký Pavel , Staněk Kamil , Ryparová Pavla , Richter Jan , Tywoniak Jan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper deals with mathematical modeling of mold growth on wood. The logistic growth equation is used to model mold growth phenomena in changing environmental conditions. Microscopic mold coverage fraction is used in the logistic equation to represent mold development on a material surface over time. The current state-of-the-art dynamic Finnish mold growth model is used as the reference model for development of the logistic mold growth model. The optimal values of mold growth coefficient are estimated by simulations of mold growth under constant environmental conditions and by finding the best agreement with the Finnish mold growth model using mathematical optimization methods. It is shown that the mold growth coefficient can be approximated as a function of relative humidity, temperature, wood species and the quality of the surface. The model parameters are then verified by a comparison with the Finnish mold growth model. In this case, cyclic step changes of constant relative humidity are used. Finally, the logistic mold growth model is compared with published experimental observations of mold growth. The discrepancy of mold growth models and experimental mold growth data, and possible improvements are discussed.
The prognostic value of [18F]FDG PET/CT based response monitoring in metastatic melanoma patients undergoing immunotherapy: comparison of different metabolic criteria
Authors: Sachpekidis Christos , Weru Vivienn , Kopp-Schneider Annette , Hassel Jessica C. , Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss Antonia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose

To investigate the prognostic value of [18F]FDG PET/CT as part of response monitoring in metastatic melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Methods
Sixty-seven patients underwent [18F]FDG PET/CT before start of treatment (baseline PET/CT), after two cycles (interim PET/CT) and after four cycles of ICIs administration (late PET/CT). Metabolic response evaluation was based on the conventional EORTC and PERCIST criteria, as well as the newly introduced, immunotherapy-modified PERCIMT, imPERCIST5 and iPERCIST criteria. Metabolic response to immunotherapy was classified according to four response groups (complete metabolic response [CMR], partial metabolic response [PMR], stable metabolic disease [SMD], progressive metabolic disease [PMD]), and further dichotomized by response rate (responders = [CMR] + [PMR] vs. non-responders = [PMD] + [SMD]), and disease control rate (disease control = [CMR] + [PMR] + [SMD] vs. [PMD]). The spleen-to-liver SUV ratios (SLRmean, SLRmax) and bone marrow-to-liver SUV ratios (BLRmean, BLRmax) were also calculated. The results of PET/CT were correlated with patients’ overall survival (OS).

Results
Median patient follow up [95% CI] was 61.5 months [45.3 – 66.7 months]. On interim PET/CT, the application of the novel PERCIMT demonstrated significantly longer survival for metabolic responders, while the rest criteria revealed no significant survival differences between the different response groups. Respectively on late PET/CT, both a trend for longer OS and significantly longer OS were observed in patients responding to ICIs with metabolic response and disease control after application of various criteria, both conventional and immunotherapy-modified. Moreover, patients with lower SLRmean values demonstrated significantly longer OS.

Conclusion
In patients with metastatic melanoma PET/CT-based response assessment after four ICIs cycles is significantly associated with OS after application of different metabolic criteria. The prognostic performance of the modality is also high after the first two ICIs cycles, especially with employment of novel criteria. In addition, investigation of spleen glucose metabolism may provide further prognostic information.
Diagnose und Management der Osteoporose bei Diabetes mellitus (Update 2023)
Authors: Muschitz Christian , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra , Winhofer Yvonne , Rauner Martina , Haschka Judith , Cejka Daniel , Wakolbinger-Habel Robert , Pietschmann Peter 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDiabetes mellitus und Osteoporose zählen zu den häufigsten chronischen Erkrankungen und kommen deshalb beide häufig in ein und demselben Individuum vor. Da die Prävalenz beider mit steigendem Alter zunimmt, wird in Anbetracht der Altersstruktur unserer Bevölkerung deren Häufigkeit zunehmen.Patient:innen mit Diabetes haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für Fragilitätsfrakturen. Die Pathophysiologie ist unklar und vermutlich multifaktoriell.Longitudinale Studien haben den Nachweis erbracht, dass das Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) und die Knochendichte (BMD) mittels DXA (T-score) Messungen und einem eventuell vorhandenen Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) das individuelle Frakturrisiko vorhersagen können. Hierfür muss allerdings eine Adjustierung vorgenommen werden, um das Risiko nicht zu unterschätzen.Es gibt derzeit aus osteologischer Sicht noch nicht den optimalen Ansatz, da es keine Studien mit rein diabetischen Patient:innen und Osteoporose gibt.Patient:innen mit Diabetes mellitus und einem erhöhten Frakturrisiko sollten genauso wie Patient:innen ohne Diabetes und einem erhöhten Frakturrisiko behandelt werden.Der Vitamin-D-Spiegel sollte auf jeden Fall immer optimiert werden und auf eine ausreichende Kalziumaufnahme (vorzugsweise durch die Nahrung) ist zu achten.Bei der Wahl der antihyperglykämischen Therapie sollten Substanzen mit nachgewiesen negativem Effekt auf den Knochen weggelassen werden. Bei Vorliegen einer Fragilitätsfraktur ist auf jeden Fall – unabhängig von allen vorliegenden Befunden – eine langfristige spezifische osteologische Therapie indiziert.Zur Prävention von Fragilitätsfrakturen sind antiresorptive Medikamente die erste Wahl, entsprechend den nationalen Erstattungskriterien auch anabole Medikamente. Das Therapiemonitoring soll im Einklang mit der nationalen Osteoporose Leitlinie erfolgen.
Individualisierung der antihypertensiven Therapie bei Patient:innen mit Diabetes mellitus. Leitlinie der Österreichischen Diabetes Gesellschaft (Update 2023)
Authors: Saely Christoph H. , Schernthaner Gerit-Holger , Brix Johanna , Klauser-Braun Renate , Zitt Emanuel , Drexel Heinz , Schernthaner Guntram 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungHypertonie ist eine sehr häufige Komorbidität bei Patient:innen mit Diabetes mellitus, die – wenn unzureichend behandelt – signifikant zur erhöhten Mortalität und zum Auftreten von mikrovaskulären und makrovaskulären Komplikationen beiträgt. Eine Individualisierung der Blutdruckzielwerte in Abhängigkeit vom Patient:innenalter und vom Vorliegen bestimmter vaskulärer Komplikationen wird heute weltweit diskutiert. Blutdruckzielwerte um 130/80 mm Hg waren in den Studien mit der geringsten Ereignisrate an Komplikationen assoziiert, wobei die Blutdruckzielwerte je nach Alter und Komorbiditäten individualisiert werden sollten; am wichtigsten ist für die meisten Patient:innen, dass ein Blutdruck < 140/90 mm Hg erreicht wird. ACE-Hemmer oder Angiotensin-Rezeptorblocker sollen in der Hypertonie-Therapie bei Patient:innen mit Diabetes mellitus bevorzugt werden, vor allem wenn Albuminurie oder KHK vorliegen. Für die meisten Patient:innen mit Diabetes ist eine Kombinationstherapie notwendig, wobei Medikamente mit nachgewiesenem kardiovaskulärem Nutzen (neben ACE-Hemmern und altenativ Angiotensin-Rezeptorblockern, Dihydropyridin-Calciumantagonisten und Thiazid-Diuretika) eingesetzt werden sollten, präferentiell als Kombinationspräparate. Nach Erreichung der Zielwerte muss die antihypertensive Therapie fortgeführt werden, wobei regelmäßige Blutdruckmessungen durch die Patient:innen für die Optimierung der Blutdruckeinstellung sehr hilfreich sind. Neuere Antidiabetika wie SGLT2-Inhibitoren oder GLP1-Rezeptoragonisten tragen ebenfalls zur Blutdrucksenkung bei.
Patients’ experience with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for DLBCL in China: a qualitative study
Authors: Mao Yiwen , Huang Lihong , Ruan Haitao , Guo Yue , Ni Sha , Ling Yuying 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The experiences of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy have received little attention. This study aimed to explore the treatment experiences of patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) B-cell lymphoma during CAR T-cell therapy in China.

Methods
This descriptive qualitative study was conducted using face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 21 DLBCL patients 0–2 years after CAR-T infusion. Two researchers independently coded the interviews in MAXQDA 2022, and the original data were analyzed by conventional content analysis.

Results
Four themes emerged from the transcripts: (1) physiological distress, (2) functional impacts, (3) psychological experience, and (4) support requirement. Participants expressed 29 short-term or long-term symptoms related to their disease and treatment, influencing their daily life and function in a social setting. The participants expressed different negative emotions, polarized expectations about efficacy, and over-reliance on authoritative medical care. Their major concerns and hopes were achieving life goals, being treated with respect, obtaining more information about CAR T-cell therapy, and receiving government financial sponsorship.

Conclusions
The patients experienced short-term and long-term symptoms of physical distress. Patients who have experienced failure in CAR T-cell therapy also experience strong negative emotions, such as dependency and guilt. They also require authentic spiritual and financial information that is authentic. Our study may guide the development of standardized and comprehensive nursing care for R/R DLBCL patients undergoing CAR T-cell therapy in China.
July 2020 heavy rainfall in Japan: effect of real-time river discharge on ocean circulation based on a coupled river-ocean model
Authors: Chang Yu-Lin K. , Varlamov Sergey M. , Guo Xinyu , Miyama Toru , Miyazawa Yasumasa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn July 2020, a stationary atmospheric front over Japan caused persistent, nearly continuous rain for most of the month that resulted in new historical highest rainfall records in several areas and caused serious river floods, landslides, and debris-flow events. An existing hindcast and forecast ocean circulation model that includes climatological discharge information of major rivers failed to represent the extreme river discharge under heavy rainfall. New experiments were conducted using real-time river discharge information based on Today's Earth CaMa-Flood simulation that includes 368 rivers in Japan. The inclusion of real-time river discharge improved the salinity bias in the near-surface waters. The differences were significant compared to the observations in the heavy rain region (i.e., Ariake Bay and Tosa Bay), and insignificant at offshore stations. The ensemble experiments of real-time river discharge cases suggested the difference between the climatological and the real-time river discharge experiments was not random, but was robust. The freshening water changed the shelf circulation, and its far-reaching effect appeared hundreds of kilometers away from the shore. Passive particle tracking was conducted for examining the cross-shelf exchange. More particles released from Bungo Channel went offshore in near-surface water when the real-time river discharge was used compared to using the climatology discharge. Particles released in Tosa Bay, Seto Inland Sea, and Kii Channel showed the opposite tendency. The real-time river discharge not only changed the modeled coastal salinity distribution, but also the coastal and offshore currents. The role of the real-time river discharge on modeling normal flow periods or drought events, and its influence on a longer time scale model simulation remain to be explored.
Biodiversity in a box: three non-native invertebrates preferentially find refugia in green space management infrastructure across urban Los Angeles
Authors: Beninde Joscha , Vendetti Jann E. , Shaffer H. Bradley 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn Southern California, irrigation infrastructure is a prerequisite for urban green space management, and valve boxes are installed widely to manage water flow. These below-ground, plastic boxes protect valves and manifolds, create space for connecting pipes, and present a scarce ecological resource—elevated humidity and shelter from potential predators. We provide the first systematic survey of the biodiversity of valve boxes and evaluate their role in the establishment of non-native species. We conducted comprehensive surveys of slug and spider refugial habitat elements, including leaf litter, crevices, decaying logs and other cover objects, and valve boxes, across urban Greater Los Angeles and adjacent wildland areas. We found that valve boxes comprised nearly all of the surveyed habitat for three common non-native species, including two slugs in the genus Ambigolimax and a spider in the genus Steatoda. At 83 of 85 sites, we detected these species only in valve boxes and not in any other habitat elements. While valve boxes were significantly more frequent in urban than wildland areas, detections in wildland areas were also largely restricted to valve boxes. All of these species share a preference for elevated levels of humidity, and we speculate that introduced slug and spider taxa within irrigation infrastructure may be a general feature of many urban areas, especially in relatively xeric climates with locally high densities of valve boxes. Under these conditions, irrigation infrastructure likely facilitates the establishment and persistence of non-native species requiring high humidity throughout the urbanized world, and could contribute to their cosmopolitan distribution.