bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swedish students’ everyday school life and teachers’ assessment dilemmas: peer strategies for ameliorating schoolwork for assessment
Authors: Rönn Charlotta , Pettersson Daniel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn contemporary ways of thinking about education there is an enhanced focus on individual students’ results and less on students’ collaborative processes for attaining good results. This may appear peculiar, given that the Swedish curriculum for the nine-year compulsory school states that students should be given opportunities to compose texts together with others and give and receive feedback on them. This is also in line with societal desires to motivate students to take responsibility for their lifelong learning. The evolving ethnographic research design, comprising observations, audio-visual recordings and follow-up interviews with students at a Swedish lower secondary school (Years 8 and 9), investigated the informal social strategies that students enacted when doing formal schoolwork and how they reflected on them. Goffman’s (1959/1990) dramaturgical metaphors of the back region, front region and impression management were applied as theoretical points of departure. The findings showed that some students worked hard at their schoolwork in ways that corresponded with societal desires and ideal learning curves. Other students aimed at more effortless achievements and relied heavily on peers and digital devices when taking shortcuts to produce formal assignments. These students’ potential learning curves showed a broken arrow of knowledge development, resulting in assessment dilemmas for teachers and possible mismatches in their grading.
Entropic herding
Authors: Yamashita Hiroshi , Suzuki Hideyuki , Aihara Kazuyuki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHerding is a deterministic algorithm used to generate data points regarded as random samples satisfying input moment conditions. This algorithm is based on a high-dimensional dynamical system and rooted in the maximum entropy principle of statistical inference. We propose an extension, entropic herding, which generates a sequence of distributions instead of points. We derived entropic herding from an optimization problem obtained using the maximum entropy principle. Using the proposed entropic herding algorithm as a framework, we discussed a closer connection between the herding and maximum entropy principle. Specifically, we interpreted the original herding algorithm as a tractable version of the entropic herding, the ideal output distribution of which is mathematically represented. We further discussed how the complex behavior of the herding algorithm contributes to optimization. We argued that the proposed entropic herding algorithm extends the herding to probabilistic modeling. In contrast to the original herding, the entropic herding can generate a smooth distribution such that both efficient probability density calculation and sample generation become possible. To demonstrate the viability of these arguments in this study, numerical experiments were conducted, including a comparison with other conventional methods, on both synthetic and real data.
Ernährungskommunikation in Schwangerschaft und früher Kindheit: Erkenntnisse aus zwei Literaturreviews
Authors: Hastall Matthias R. , Nellen Cosima , Röhm Alexander , Lueg Marie-Christin , Zensen-Möhring Johannes , Eiser Stefanie , Reiss Katharina , Flothkötter Maria 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In der Schwangerschaft sowie im Säuglings- und Kleinkindalter werden entscheidende Weichen für die spätere Gesundheit gestellt. Das trifft in besonderem Maße auf die Ernährung zu. Unbestritten ist, dass Kommunikation eine wesentliche Rolle dabei spielt, ob ernährungsbezogene Präventionsprogramme erfolgreich sind bzw. sein können.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den internationalen Forschungsstand zu kommunikationsbasierten ernährungsbezogenen Interventionen bei Schwangeren, jungen Familien und Kindern im Alter bis 36 Monate aus einem kommunikationswissenschaftlichen Blickwinkel zu analysieren. Erhoben wurde, welche Kommunikationsstrategien im Kontext der Ernährungskommunikation erfolgreich waren und welche nicht.

Material und Methoden
Zwei Reviews des internationalen Forschungsstands zu kommunikativen Interventionen im Kontext der Ernährung in Schwangerschaft und früher Kindheit wurden durchgeführt: Ein Scoping Review von 187 Übersichtsarbeiten sowie ein systematisches Review von 65 Einzelstudien mit einem mittleren oder hohen Evidenzgrad.

Ergebnisse
Obwohl sich keine Übersichtsarbeit fand, in der verschiedene kommunikative Zugänge im Detail diskutiert wurden, ergab das Scoping Review viele Hinweise auf Erfolgsfaktoren und Barrieren ernährungsbezogener Interventionen. Das systematische Review der Einzelstudien illustrierte u. a. die wichtige Rolle interpersoneller Ansprachen (z. B. durch Kinder- und Jugendärztinnen und -ärzte, Frauenärztinnen und -ärzte, Hebammen), sowohl einzeln als auch ergänzend zu massenmedialen, digitalen (z. B. Apps) oder Social-Media-Interventionszugängen.

Schlussfolgerung
Verschiedene kommunikative Zugänge der Ernährungskommunikation werden bislang unzureichend in der nötigen Differenziertheit diskutiert und sind überwiegend schlecht in der Literatur dokumentiert. Ein gesicherteres und umfangreicheres Wissen über evidenzbasierte Kommunikationsstrategien im Kontext von Schwangerschaft und früher Kindheit ist nötig, wenn ernährungsbezogene Präventionsprogramme erfolgreich sein sollen.
Pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis in patients with hemophilia
Authors: Lin Xiaoyun , Gao Peng , Zhang Qian , Jiang Yan , Wang Ou , Xia Weibo , Li Mei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Hemophilia is a rare X-linked recessive inherited bleeding disorder caused by mutations of the genes encoding coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) or IX (FIX). Patients with hemophilia (PWH) often have a high risk of osteoporosis and fractures that is usually ignored. Herein, we review the underlying mechanisms of osteoporosis and the increased risk of fractures and their treatment in patients with FVIII or FIX deficiency.

Methods
The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify original research articles, meta-analyses, and scientific reviews on the mechanisms or treatment of osteoporosis in PWH.

Results
The pathogenic mechanisms of osteoporosis in PWH are multifactorial and remain unclear. The available evidence shows that FVIII and FIX deficiency may directly affect bone metabolism by interfering with the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway. Other potential mechanisms of osteoporosis in PWH include thrombin deficiency and the unloading and immobilization of bone, which will affect osteoblast and osteoclast activity by changing the cytokine profiles. The treatment of osteoporosis in PWH includes antiresorptive, anabolic, and dual-action drugs; weight-bearing exercise; fall prevention; and prophylactic coagulation factor replacement therapy. However, clinical studies of the efficacy of anti-osteoporotic agents in osteoporosis of PWH are urgently needed.

Conclusion
This review summarizes recent progress in research on the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in PWH and provides insights into potential treatment for osteoporosis in PWH.
Wetting Behavior and Functionality Restoration of Cold-Sprayed Aluminum-Quasicrystalline Composite Coatings
Authors: Jafari Reza , Kiilakoski Jarkko , Honkanen Mari , Vippola Minnamari , Koivuluoto Heli 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCoating design is an efficient strategy to engineer wettability of surfaces and adjustment of the functionality to the necessities in industrial sectors. The current study reveals the feasibility of functional aluminum/quasicrystalline (Al-QC) composite coatings fabrication by cold spray technology. A commercially available Al-based quasicrystalline powder (Al-Cr-Fe-Cu) was combined with aluminum alloy (Al6061) feedstock materials to make coatings with various compositions. A set of cold spray process parameters was employed to deposit composite coatings with different QC-Al ratios and Al6061 coatings as counterparts. The wettability of the coating surfaces was measured by static water droplet contact angles using a droplet shape analyzer and investigation of the dynamic of water droplet impact by high-speed imaging. Through microstructural studies, the Al-QC composites revealed dense structure, well-integrated and adherent deposits, providing structural reliability and enhanced hydrophobic behavior. In the last step of this work, composite coatings were deposited over eroded cold-sprayed Al6061 and a selected composite to demonstrate the feasibility of repairing the damaged part and function restoring. The results and approach used in this work provide understanding of cold-sprayed Al-QC composite coatings manufacturing and their wetting behavior state for cross-field applications.
bZIP transcription factors repress the expression of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) high molecular weight glutenin subunit genes in vegetative tissues
Authors: Éva Csaba , Moncsek Blanka , Szőke-Pázsi Kitti , Kunos Viola , Mészáros Klára , Makai Szabolcs , Sági László , Juhász Angéla 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHigh molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW GS) represent an important fraction of endosperm-specific seed-storage proteins that provide elasticity to bread dough. Previously, the second cis-regulatory module (CRM2) was found to be one of the most conserved part of HMW GS promoters, which indicated its pre-eminent role in their gene regulation. Here, we observed that deletion of CRM2 from the promoters of the Bx7 and By8 HMW GS genes increased the leakage of their transient expression in wheat leaf tissue. The effect of a VP1, an Myb and an antisense bZIP transcription factor (TF)-binding site, potentially involved in endosperm-specific regulation within CRM2, was then studied. The activity of a Bx7 gene promoter containing a mutant CRM2 with altered VP1 and Myb TF-binding sites, but an intact bZIP TF-binding site, was similarly low to that of the wild type in leaves. Transactivation analysis and EMSA indicated the binding of TFs TabZIP34 and TabZIP115 to the Skn-1 motif GTCAT in CRM2 and the repression of Bx7 and By8 HMW GS gene promoter activity in leaves. TabZIP34 and TabZIP115 may be involved in the downregulation of HMW GS gene expression in vegetative tissues and early-stage endosperm as well its modulation during seed maturation.
Bearing Fruit: Miocene Apes and Rosaceous Fruit Evolution
Authors: Spengler Robert N. , Kienast Frank , Roberts Patrick , Boivin Nicole , Begun David R. , Ashastina Kseniia , Petraglia Michael 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExtinct megafaunal mammals in the Americas are often linked to seed-dispersal mutualisms with large-fruiting tree species, but large-fruiting species in Europe and Asia have received far less attention. Several species of arboreal Maloideae (apples and pears) and Prunoideae (plums and peaches) evolved large fruits starting around nine million years ago, primarily in Eurasia. As evolutionary adaptations for seed dispersal by animals, the size, high sugar content, and bright colorful visual displays of ripeness suggest that mutualism with megafaunal mammals facilitated the evolutionary change. There has been little discussion as to which animals were likely candidate(s) on the late Miocene landscape of Eurasia. We argue that several possible dispersers could have consumed the large fruits, with endozoochoric dispersal usually relying on guilds of species. During the Pleistocene and Holocene, the dispersal guild likely included ursids, equids, and elephantids. During the late Miocene, large primates were likely also among the members of this guild, and the potential of a long-held mutualism between the ape and apple clades merits further discussion. If primates were a driving factor in the evolution of this large-fruit seed-dispersal system, it would represent an example of seed-dispersal-based mutualism with hominids millions of years prior to crop domestication or the development of cultural practices, such as farming.
The effect of face-to-face versus online learning on student performance in anatomy: an observational study using a causal inference approach
Authors: Diong Joanna , Lee Hopin , Reed Darren 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction
This study aimed to estimate the causal effect of face-to-face learning on student performance in anatomy, compared to online learning, by analysing examination marks under a causal structure.

Methods
We specified a causal graph to indicate how the mode of learning affected student performance. We sampled purposively to obtain end-semester examination marks of undergraduate and postgraduate students who learned using face-to-face (pre-COVID, 2019) or online modes (post-COVID, 2020). The analysis was informed by the causal graph. Marks were compared using linear regression, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess if effects were robust to unmeasured confounding.

Results
On average, face-to-face learning improved student performance in the end-semester examination in undergraduate students (gain of mean 8.3%, 95% CI 3.3 to 13.4%; E-value 2.77, lower limit of 95% CI 1.80) but lowered performance in postgraduate students (loss of 8.1%, 95% CI 3.6 to 12.6%; E-value 2.89, lower limit of 95% CI 1.88), compared to online learning.

Discussion
Under the assumed causal graph, we found that compared to online learning, face-to-face learning improved student performance in the end-semester examination in undergraduate students, but worsened student performance in postgraduate students. These findings suggest that different modes of learning may suit different types of students. Importantly, this is the first attempt to estimate causal effects of the mode of learning on student performance under a causal structure. This approach makes our assumptions transparent, informs data analysis, and is recommended when using observational data to make causal inferences.
Self-regulated learning with mobile devices for university students: exploring the impacts on academic vocabulary development
Authors: Boroughani Tahereh , Xodabande Ismail , Karimpour Sedigheh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe present study explored the impact of mobile-assisted self-regulated learning (SRL) on developing university students’ knowledge of academic vocabulary in English. The participants were 49 students in experimental (N = 28) and control (N = 21) learning conditions. Those in the experimental group studied 70 academic words using digital flashcards application installed on their mobile devices (i.e., smartphones), and the control group learned the same words using traditional materials (i.e., word lists). The participants’ vocabulary knowledge was tested before and after the treatment, and their test scores were analyzed using mixed between-within-subjects analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings indicated a significant main effect for time in both SRL interventions, as both strategies were effective in scaffolding university students’ academic vocabulary development, and the learning gains were significant in post- and delayed post-tests. Additionally, the findings revealed a significant main effect for mobile-assisted SRL in that participants in the experimental group outperformed those in the control group on post-treatment tests. Accordingly, the results provide empirical evidence for the effectiveness of mobile-assisted vocabulary learning in the SRL mode. The study offers implications for addressing the academic vocabulary learning needs of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) university students.
Neurological involvement in hospitalized children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multinational study
Authors: Yea Carmen , Barton Michelle , Bitnun Ari , Morris Shaun K. , El Tal Tala , Ulloa-Gutierrez Rolando , Brenes-Chacon Helena , Yock-Corrales Adriana , Ivankovich-Escoto Gabriela , Soriano-Fallas Alejandra , Hernandez-de Mezerville Marcela , Gill Peter , Nateghian Alireza , Aski Behzad Haghighi , Manafi Ali Anari , Dwilow Rachel , Bullard Jared , Papenburg Jesse , Scuccimarri Rosie , Lefebvre Marie-Astrid , Cooke Suzette , Dewan Tammie , Restivo Lea , Lopez Alison , Sadarangani Manish , Roberts Ashley , Wong Jacqueline , Saux Nicole Le , Bowes Jennifer , Purewal Rupeena , Lautermilch Janell , Foo Cheryl , Merckx Joanna , Robinson Joan , Yeh E. Ann 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT:Background and Objectives:Neurological involvement associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is increasingly recognized. However, the specific characteristics and prevalence in pediatric patients remain unclear. The objective of this study was to describe the neurological involvement in a multinational cohort of hospitalized pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2.Methods:This was a multicenter observational study of children <18 years of age with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection or multisystemic inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) and laboratory evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, admitted to 15 tertiary hospitals/healthcare centers in Canada, Costa Rica, and Iran February 2020–May 2021. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed and logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with neurological involvement.Results:One-hundred forty-seven (21%) of 697 hospitalized children with SARS-CoV-2 infection had neurological signs/symptoms. Headache (n = 103), encephalopathy (n = 28), and seizures (n = 30) were the most reported. Neurological signs/symptoms were significantly associated with ICU admission (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.15–2.55; p = 0.008), satisfaction of MIS-C criteria (OR: 3.71, 95% CI: 2.46–5.59; p < 0.001), fever during hospitalization (OR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.46–3.15; p < 0.001), and gastrointestinal involvement (OR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.58–3.40; p < 0.001). Non-headache neurological manifestations were significantly associated with ICU admission (OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.08–3.42; p = 0.026), underlying neurological disorders (OR: 2.98, 95% CI: 1.49–5.97, p = 0.002), and a history of fever prior to hospital admission (OR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.58–4.82; p < 0.001).Discussion:In this study, approximately 21% of hospitalized children with SARS-CoV-2 infection had neurological signs/symptoms. Future studies should focus on pathogenesis and long-term outcomes in these children.
Precision medicine for long QT syndrome: patient-specific iPSCs take the lead
Authors: Yu Yang , Deschenes Isabelle , Zhao Ming-Tao 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a detrimental arrhythmia syndrome mainly caused by dysregulated expression or aberrant function of ion channels. The major clinical symptoms of ventricular arrhythmia, palpitations and syncope vary among LQTS subtypes. Susceptibility to malignant arrhythmia is a result of delayed repolarisation of the cardiomyocyte action potential (AP). There are 17 distinct subtypes of LQTS linked to 15 autosomal dominant genes with monogenic mutations. However, due to the presence of modifier genes, the identical mutation may result in completely different clinical manifestations in different carriers. In this review, we describe the roles of various ion channels in orchestrating APs and discuss molecular aetiologies of various types of LQTS. We highlight the usage of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models in characterising fundamental mechanisms associated with LQTS. To mitigate the outcomes of LQTS, treatment strategies are initially focused on small molecules targeting ion channel activities. Next-generation treatments will reap the benefits from development of LQTS patient-specific iPSC platform, which is bolstered by the state-of-the-art technologies including whole-genome sequencing, CRISPR genome editing and machine learning. Deep phenotyping and high-throughput drug testing using LQTS patient-specific cardiomyocytes herald the upcoming precision medicine in LQTS.
Association of meal timing of energy, macronutrients and foods with hypercholesterolaemia in the US adults
Authors: Li Xiangning , Han Tianshu , Sun Xinyi , Chen Yunyan , Xu Jiaxu , Ma Yifan , Hou Wanying , Sun Changhao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFew studies examined the association of energy, macronutrients and food consumption at dinner v. breakfast with hypercholesterolaemia. A total of 27 911 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003–2016) were included in the cross-sectional study. Energy, macronutrients and food consumption at breakfast, dinner and the difference at dinner v. breakfast (Δratio) were calculated. Multiple logistic regression models and substitution effects of foods at dinner with breakfast were also performed. After adjustment for potential covariates, compared with the lowest quintile, participants in the highest quintile of Δratio in terms of energy had a higher risk of prevalent hypercholesterolaemia (ORΔratio of energy 1·16, 95 % CI (1·01, 1·33)) mainly due to Δratio of low-quality carbohydrates and plant protein (ORΔratio of low-quality carbohydrates 1·19; 95 % CI (1·05, 1·35)); ORΔratio of plant protein 1·13; 95 % CI (1·01, 1·28)). ΔAdded sugars and Δnuts were associated with hypercholesterolaemia (ORΔadded sugars 1·01; 95 % CI (1·00, 1·02)); ORΔnuts 1·08; 95 % CI (1·01, 1·16)). Furthermore, the substitution of added sugars, nuts and processed meat at dinner with breakfast could reduce the OR of hypercholesterolaemia. This study indicated that among US adults, overconsumption of energy, macronutrients including low-quality carbohydrates and plant protein at dinner than breakfast was significantly associated with a higher risk of prevalent hypercholesterolaemia. The replacing of added sugar, nuts and processed meat at dinner with breakfast reduced the risk of prevalent hypercholesterolaemia. This study emphasised the importance of meal timing in the prevention of hypercholesterolaemia.
The role of substance use disorders in the transition from suicide attempt to suicide death: a record linkage study of a Swedish cohort
Authors: Edwards Alexis C. , Ohlsson Henrik , Sundquist Jan , Crump Casey , Mościcki Eve , Sundquist Kristina , Kendler Kenneth S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundSuicidal behavior and substance use disorders (SUDs) are important public health concerns. Prior suicide attempts and SUDs are two of the most consistent predictors of suicide death, and clarifying the role of SUDs in the transition from suicide attempt to suicide death could inform prevention efforts.MethodsWe used national Swedish registry data to identify individuals born 1960–1985, with an index suicide attempt in 1997–2017 (N = 74 873; 46.7% female). We assessed risk of suicide death as a function of registration for a range of individual SUDs. We further examined whether the impact of SUDs varied as a function of (i) aggregate genetic liability to suicidal behavior, or (ii) age at index suicide attempt.ResultsIn univariate models, risk of suicide death was higher among individuals with any SUD registration [hazard ratios (HRs) = 2.68–3.86]. In multivariate models, effects of specific SUDs were attenuated, but remained elevated for AUD (HR = 1.86 95% confidence intervals 1.68–2.05), opiates [HR = 1.58 (1.37–1.82)], sedatives [HR = 1.93 (1.70–2.18)], and multiple substances [HR = 2.09 (1.86–2.35)]. In secondary analyses, the effects of most, but not all, SUD were exacerbated by higher levels of genetic liability to suicide death, and among individuals who were younger at their index suicide attempt.ConclusionsIn the presence of a strong predictor of suicide death – a prior attempt – substantial predictive power is still attributable to SUDs. Individuals with SUDs may warrant additional suicide screening and prevention efforts, particularly in the context of a family history of suicidal behavior or early onset of suicide attempt.