bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol for a cluster randomised placebo-controlled trial of adjunctive ivermectin mass drug administration for malaria control on the Bijagós Archipelago of Guinea-Bissau: the MATAMAL trial
Authors: Hutchins Harry , Bradley John , Pretorius Elizabeth , Teixeira da Silva Eunice , Vasileva Hristina , Jones Robert T , Ndiath Mamadou Ousmane , dit Massire Soumare Harouna , Mabey David , Nante Ernesto Jose , Martins Cesario , Logan James G , Slater Hannah , Drakeley Chris , D'Alessandro Umberto , Rodrigues Amabelia , Last Anna R 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionAs malaria declines, innovative tools are required to further reduce transmission and achieve elimination. Mass drug administration (MDA) of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is capable of reducing malaria transmission where coverage of control interventions is already high, though the impact is short-lived. Combining ACT with ivermectin, an oral endectocide shown to reduce vector survival, may increase its impact, while also treating ivermectin-sensitive co-endemic diseases and minimising the potential impact of ACT resistance in this context.Methods and analysisMATAMAL is a cluster-randomised placebo-controlled trial. The trial is being conducted in 24 clusters on the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau, where the peak prevalence ofPlasmodium falciparum(Pf) parasitaemia is approximately 15%. Clusters have been randomly allocated to receive MDA with dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine and either ivermectin or placebo. The primary objective is to determine whether the addition of ivermectin MDA is more effective than dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine MDA alone in reducing the prevalence ofP. falciparumparasitaemia, measured during peak transmission season after 2 years of seasonal MDA. Secondary objectives include assessing prevalence after 1 year of MDA; malaria incidence monitored through active and passive surveillance; age-adjusted prevalence of serological markers indicating exposure toP. falciparumand anopheline mosquitoes; vector parous rates, species composition, population density and sporozoite rates; prevalence of vector pyrethroid resistance; prevalence of artemisinin resistance inP. falciparumusing genomic markers; ivermectin’s impact on co-endemic diseases; coverage estimates; and the safety of combined MDA.Ethics and disseminationThe trial has been approved by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine’s Ethics Committee (UK) (19156) and the Comite Nacional de Eticas de Saude (Guinea-Bissau) (084/CNES/INASA/2020). Results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and in discussion with the Bissau-Guinean Ministry of Public Health and participating communities.Trial registration numberNCT04844905.
Correct dosing, adherence and persistence of DOACs in atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Emanuel Subo , Kaba Riyaz A , Delanerolle Gayathri , Field Benjamin C T , Lip Gregory Y H , de Lusignan Simon 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are increasing in prevalence globally and share common risk factors.Our aim was to characterise real-world evidence on direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) prescribing for people with AF and CKD, in terms of adherence, persistence and renal dose titration.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL were searched from inception to June 2022. Our search terms included a combination of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and keywords including ‘atrial fibrillation’, ‘chronic kidney disease’, ‘adherence’, ‘persistence’, ‘direct oral anticoagulants’ and ‘dosing’. Data extraction and quality assessment were undertaken by two reviewers independently. Meta-analyses for pooled estimates were performed using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models. Age, sex, diabetes, hypertension and heart failure were chosen as variables of interest.ResultsFrom 19 studies, a total of 252 117 patients were included with CKD and AF. Meta-analysis was only possible in seven studies with 128 406 patients, five on DOAC dose titration and two on adherence. There were insufficient studies on persistence. Our meta-analysis of dosing showed that 68% of patients with CKD and AF had correct dosing. There was no evidence to show any association between correct DOAC dosing and variables of interest. Overall, 67% of patients were DOAC adherent.ConclusionAdherence and correct dosing of DOACs were suboptimal compared with other medications in the pooled studies with respect to CKD and AF. Thus, further research is required as the lack of generalisation of findings is a rate-limiting factor for improved DOAC management in AF and CKD.PROSPERO registration numberCRD;42022344491.
Two-dimensional regular string black hole via complete $$\alpha ^{\prime }$$ corrections
Authors: Ying Shuxuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn string theory, an important challenge is to show if the singularity of black holes can be smoothed out by the complete $$\alpha ^{\prime }$$

α
′

corrections. The simplest case is to consider a 2D string black hole or 3D black string. This problem was discussed in a gauged Wess–Zumino–Witten (WZW) model and the results are supposed to be correct to all orders in $$\alpha ^{\prime }$$

α
′

corrections. Based on the recent remarkable progress on classifying all the $$\alpha ^{\prime }$$

α
′

corrections, in this work, we re-study this problem with the low energy effective spacetime action, and provide classes of exact non-perturbative and non-singular solutions of the 2D black hole/3D black string via complete $$\alpha ^{\prime }$$

α
′

corrections.
A Prognostic Model Based on Residual Cancer Burden and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes on Residual Disease after Neoadjuvant Therapy in HER2+ Breast Cancer
Authors: Miglietta Federica , Ragazzi Moira , Fernandes Bethania , Griguolo Gaia , Massa Davide , Girardi Fabio , Bottosso Michele , Bisagni Alessandra , Zarrilli Giovanni , Porra Francesca , Iannaccone Daniela , Dore Leocadia , Gaudio Mariangela , Santandrea Giacomo , Fassan Matteo , Lo Mele Marcello , De Sanctis Rita , Zambelli Alberto , Bisagni Giancarlo , Guarneri Valentina , Dieci Maria Vittoria 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
We aim to evaluate the prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte on residual disease (RD-TIL) in HER2+ patients with breast cancer who failed to achieve pathologic complete response (pCR) after anti-HER2+ chemotherapy (CT)-based neoadjuvant treatment (NAT). We assessed the feasibility of combining the prognostic information provided by residual cancer burden (RCB) and RD-TILs into a composite score (RCB+TIL).

Experimental Design:
HER2+ patients with breast cancer treated with CT+anti-HER2-based NAT at three institutions were retrospectively included. RCB and TIL levels were evaluated on hematoxylin and eosin–stained slides from surgical samples according to available recommendations. Overall survival (OS) was used as an outcome measure.

Results:
A total of 295 patients were included, of whom 195 had RD. RCB was significantly associated with OS. Higher RD-TILs were significantly associated with poorer OS as compared with lower RD-TILs (15% cutoff). In multivariate analysis, both RCB and RD-TIL maintained their independent prognostic value. A combined score, RCB+TIL, was calculated from the estimated coefficient of RD-TILs and the RCB index in a bivariate logistic model for OS. The RCB+TIL score was significantly associated with OS. The C-index for OS of the RCB+TIL score was numerically higher than that of RCB and significantly higher than that of RD-TILs.

Conclusions:
We have reported an independent prognostic impact of RD-TILs after anti-HER2+CT NAT, which might underlie an imbalance of the RD microenvironment towards immunosuppressive features. We provided a new composite prognostic score based on RCB+TIL, which was significantly associated with OS and proved to be more informative than the isolated evaluation of RCB and RD-TILs.
Desenvolvimento de coleções de materiais informacionais: análise da produção científica e vertentes temáticas (2011-2020)
Authors: Machado Raymundo N. 
Published: July 2023

O desenvolvimento de coleções, como campo de pesquisa, vem sendo estudado em diversos ângulos e, na contemporaneidade — norteada pelo avanço acentuado das tecnologias da informação e sua aplicação no contexto das bibliotecas —, passa por mudanças, de modo que novas percepções se tornam objeto de estudo que contribui em ações no campo das coleções de materiais informacionais. O objetivo foi estudar as publicações e as vertentes temáticas no tema desenvolvimento de coleções, indexada Brapci, no período de 2011 a 2020. Este estudo se caracteriza como sendo de natureza descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, tendo como material de análise o artigo científico. A produção científica analisada é de natureza assimétrica e unimodal, totalizando 61 artigos, escritos por 112 autores distintos, e publicados em 21 periódicos da área de Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação. Os anos de 2015 e 2017 foram o ápice da produção. As vertentes temáticas levantadas foram quatro: 1) biblioteca e desenvolvimento de coleções; 2) livro digital; 3) coleção jurídica e 4) seleção de materiais informacionais. Como conclusão a pesquisa sinaliza para novos contextos de estudo, como, por exemplo, os aspectos relacionados à aquisição do livro digital e à formação de coleção jurídica, como também a formação e o desenvolvimento de coleios no contexto híbrido.
Measuring Attribution in Natural Language Generation Models
Authors: Rashkin Hannah , Nikolaev Vitaly , Lamm Matthew , Aroyo Lora , Collins Michael , Das Dipanjan , Petrov Slav , Singh Tomar Gaurav , Turc Iulia , Reitter David 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Large neural models have brought a new challenge to natural language generation (NLG): it has become imperative to ensure the safety and reliability of the output of models that generate freely. To this end, we present an evaluation framework, Attributable to Identified Sources (AIS), stipulating that NLG output pertaining to the external world is to be verified against an independent, provided source. We define AIS and a two-stage annotation pipeline for allowing annotators to evaluate model output according to annotation guidelines. We successfully validate this approach on generation datasets spanning three tasks (two conversational QA datasets, a summarization dataset, and a table-to-text dataset). We provide full annotation guidelines in the appendices and publicly release the annotated data at https://github.com/google-research-datasets/AIS.
Language Embeddings Sometimes Contain Typological
Generalizations
Authors: Östling Robert , Kurfalı Murathan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
To what extent can neural network models learn generalizations about language structure, and how do we find out what they have learned? We explore these questions by training neural models for a range of natural language processing tasks on a massively multilingual dataset of Bible translations in 1,295 languages. The learned language representations are then compared to existing typological databases as well as to a novel set of quantitative syntactic and morphological features obtained through annotation projection. We conclude that some generalizations are surprisingly close to traditional features from linguistic typology, but that most of our models, as well as those of previous work, do not appear to have made linguistically meaningful generalizations. Careful attention to details in the evaluation turns out to be essential to avoid false positives. Furthermore, to encourage continued work in this field, we release several resources covering most or all of the languages in our data: (1) multiple sets of language representations, (2) multilingual word embeddings, (3) projected and predicted syntactic and morphological features, (4) software to provide linguistically sound evaluations of language representations.
The Hoard from Bækkedal in Northern Denmark and the Use of Two-Horse Teams in the Late Nordic Bronze Age
Authors: Sarauw Torben , Hadsund Per Thorling , Lukesova Hana 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This article examines the use and significance of two-horse teams within the Nordic Late Bronze Age cultural sphere in southern Scandinavia and the southwestern Baltic region. Its point of departure is a remarkable hoard found in the late summer of 2014 at Bækkedal in northern Jutland, Denmark. The hoard, dated to period V of the Bronze Age, differs from many other hoards of this period by virtue of its abundant and almost complete content of bridles and other harness components for a two-horse team, including cheek pieces, phalerae and jingle plates. Furthermore, organic material was preserved in the form of parts of the bridle, with bronzes in situ, together with bits and reins. It therefore provides important new information about the group of hoards that contain horse tack, given that it is now possible, for the first time, to see how a bridle was constructed. Moreover, it contributes to our understanding of driving with two-horse teams and four-wheeled wagons, which, given the quantity of horse tack in hoards, must have been more commonplace than indicated by the other finds in the archaeological record. Lastly, the local context of the hoard is examined and reveals an area rich in other contemporaneous deposit finds and numerous settlement traces.
Diabatic Heat Effects on the Generation of Energy for Evolution of a SACZ Event: A Perspective from the Lorenz Energy Cycle
Authors: António Jaime Fernando , Aravéquia José Antonio 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Here we used meteorological datasets from ERA5 to study the dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of a SACZ event that occurred between 12 and 26 December 2013. This is an atypical SACZ episode with considerable variations in cloudiness band positioning and high rainfall amounts, causing enormous problems for society. We study this case through the Lorenz energy cycle (LEC), focusing mainly on the role of diabatic heating in energy generation and consequently in circulation aspects, analyzing the event in three stages (formation, development, and dissipation), and discussing it according to the convection localization pattern. The diabatic heat rate has a large impact on the energy generation of SACZ events at midlevels south of 24°S and below 900 hPa in the tropics. In LEC, the generation terms in the SACZ area were larger at the beginning (12–15 December) and smaller at the ending periods (23–26 December), with means of 21.23 and −7.62 W m−2, respectively. The conversion terms follow the LEC directions, except for barotropic instability [C(KE, KM) < 0] that dominates throughout the analyzed periods. The convection area expansion to the north between 16 and 22 December was reflected by the most intense heating in the tropics and weaker barotropic instability. The friction term did not favor the event decay; therefore, we concluded that the cooling through a negative covariance between Q and T contributed to the event decay. We find that these results were largely influenced by a midlatitude wave train configuration that acted to favor the persistence, expansion, and decay of the event.
Roles considered important for hospitalist and non-hospitalist generalist practice in Japan: a survey study
Authors: Miyagami Taiju , Shimizu Taro , Kosugi Shunsuke , Kanzawa Yohei , Nagasaki Kazuya , Nagano Hiroyuki , Yamada Toru , Fujibayashi Kazutoshi , Deshpande Gautam A. , Flora Kisuule  , Tazuma Susumu , Naito Toshio 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
An increased focus on quality and patient safety has led to the evolution of hospitalists. The number of hospitalists covering ward and outpatient care is on the rise in Japan. However, it is unclear what roles hospital workers themselves consider important in their practice. Therefore, this study investigated what hospitalists and non-hospitalist generalists in Japan consider important for the practice of their specialty.

Methods
This was an observational study that included Japanese hospitalists (1) currently working in a general medicine (GM) or general internal medicine department and (2) working at a hospital. Using originally developed questionnaire items, we surveyed the items important to hospitalists and non-hospitalist generalists.

Results
There were 971 participants (733 hospitalists, 238 non-hospitalist) in the study. The response rate was 26.1%. Both hospitalists and non-hospitalists ranked evidence-based medicine as the most important for their practice. In addition, hospitalists ranked diagnostic reasoning and inpatient medical management as the second and third most important roles for their practice, while non-hospitalists ranked inpatient medical management and elderly care as second and third.

Conclusions
This is the first study investigating the roles Japanese hospitalists consider important and comparing those to that of non-hospitalist generalists. Many of the items that hospitalists considered important were those that hospitalists in Japan are working on within and outside academic societies. We found that diagnostic medicine and quality and safety are areas that are likely to see further evolution as hospitalists specifically emphasized on them. In the future, we expect to see suggestions and research for further enhancing the items that hospital workers value and emphasise upon.
Vonoprazan-based triple and dual therapy versus bismuth-based quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in China: a three-arm, randomised clinical trial protocol
Authors: Han ShaoWei , Deng ZiJie , Cheung KaShing , Lyu Tao , Chan PuiLing , Li Ying , Ni Li , Luo XiaPeng , Li Kuan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Helicobacter pylori infection and associated diseases are a growing global public health issue. H. pylori infection is the major cause of gastric cancer, over 90% of duodenal ulcers, and over 70% of gastric ulcers. The infection rate of H. pylori is approximately 50%, and approximately 50% of new cases of gastric cancer worldwide occur in China. Bismuth (BI)-based quadruple therapy is recommended as the first-line treatment for H. pylori in China. Vonoprazan (VPZ), a new potassium-competitive acid blocker that can inhibit gastric acid secretion more effectively than proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), has been combined with antibiotics to effectively eradicate H. pylori. In this study, we compared the efficacy and safety of two VPZ-based therapies with that of BI-based therapy for H. pylori treatment.

Methods
A three-armed randomised controlled trial (RCT) is being conducted in Shenzhen, with 327 participants recruited from the Gastroenterology Clinic of the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital. Patients were diagnosed with H. pylori infection based on a positive 13C-urea breath test (UBT). Patients are kept naïve to their treatment and are randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to either VPZ-based triple, VPZ-based dual, or BI-based quadruple therapy for 14 days. All groups are subjected to follow-up evaluations of safety, adverse drug reactions, and clinical variables in the first, second, and fourth weeks after treatment. Successful eradication is confirmed by a negative 13C-UBT six weeks after treatment. If initial treatment fails, (1) those patients are turned to another regimen, or (2) a drug resistance test is conducted, after which an individualised treatment regimen shall be prescribed according to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The resulting data will be evaluated using intention-treat and a per-protocol analysis.

Discussion
This study is the a RCT aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 14-day VPZ-based triple and dual therapies in comparison with BI-based quadruple therapy. The outcomes of this study may allow treatment recommendations and update drug instructions in China.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (No. ChiCTR2200056375). Registered on February 4, 2022, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=141314
Effectiveness of outpatient geriatric evaluation and management intervention on survival and nursing home admission: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yen Pei-Chia , Lo Yu-Tai , Lai Chih-Cheng , Lee Ching-Chi , Fang Ching-Ju , Chang Chia-Ming , Yang Yi-Ching 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The benefit of inpatient comprehensive geriatric assessment on patient survival and function has been demonstrated among frail older patients. However, the influence of outpatient geriatric evaluation and management (GEM) on clinical outcomes remains debated. This study aimed to update the research evidence detailing the effect of outpatient GEM on survival and nursing-home admission through a comparison with conventional care.

Methods
Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and MEDLINE databases were searched up to January 29th, 2022, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including older people over age 55 that compared outpatient GEM with conventional care on mortality (primary outcome) and nursing-home admission (secondary outcome) during a follow-up period of 12 to 36 months.

Results
Nineteen reports from 11 studies that recruited 7,993 participants (mean age 70–83) were included. Overall, outpatient GEM significantly reduced mortality (risk ratio (RR) = 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.77–0.99, I2 = 12%). For the subgroup analysis categorized by different follow-up periods, its prognostic benefit was only disclosed for 24-month mortality (RR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.51–0.91, I2 = 0%), but not for 12- or 15 to 18-month mortality. Furthermore, outpatient GEM had significantly trivial effects on nursing-home admission during the follow-up period of 12 or 24 months (RR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.74–1.12, I2 = 0%).

Conclusions
Outpatient GEM led by a geriatrician with a multidisciplinary team improved overall survival, specifically during the 24-month follow-up period. This trivial effect was demonstrated in rates of nursing-home admission. Future research on outpatient GEM involving a larger cohort is warranted to corroborate our findings.