bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI DAN BEBAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN MELALUI MOTIVASI KERJA DI PT. TRACTORINDO MITRA UTAMA MOJOKERTO
Authors: Indrajaya Yusuf 
Published: March 2023

Human resources (HR) are very important assets for the company. The performance of a company will be good if the employees have good competence. Employee competence has an influence on employee performance which is also related to workload factors to complete tasks. In market competition, the company must have an advantage over competing companies. Employee competency development is expected to increase motivation to work productively. High employee motivation will have a positive impact on the company.
This type of research is an explanatory study with a quantitative approach. The sample used is all members of the population, namely 55 employees at PT. Tractorindo Mitra Utama. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that competence had a positive and significant effect on performance (p-value = 0.001), workload had a negative and significant effect on performance (p-value = 0.017), motivation had a positive and significant effect on performance (p-value = 0.015) , Competence has a positive and significant effect on motivation (p-value = 0,000), workload has a negative and significant effect on motivation (p-value = 0,000), competence through work motivation has a positive and significant effect on performance (p-value = 0.013), and Workload through Work Motivation has a negative and significant effect on performance (p-value = 0.014).
II. Abdülhamid Döneminde Kayseri İptidai Mektepleri (1876-1908)
Authors: Kırpık Cevdet 
Published: March 2023

Osmanlı Devleti’nin son yüzyıllık döneminde en önemli yenileşme alanlarından biri de eğitimdi. İlkokul düzeyindeki eğitim yüzyıllardır Sıbyan Mektebi yahut Mahalle Mektebi denilen okullar aracılığı ile sürdürülmekteydi. Bu okullar, XIX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında öğrencileri makul süreler içerisinde okuryazar yapamama başta olmak üzere genel anlamda verdikleri eğitimin niteliği nedeniyle eleştiriye uğradı.
Eğitim alanındaki yenilikler II. Mahmud döneminde başlayıp Sultan Abdülmecid ve Sultan Abdülaziz dönemlerinde devam etti. Bu dönemlerde diğer düzeylerde önemli adımlar atıldıysa da ilkokul seviyesindeki eğitimde aynı ölçüde bir değişim yaşanmadı. 1869 tarihli Maarif-i Umumiye Nizamnamesi’nin çıkarılmasından sonra Batı tarzında eğitim veren örnek ilkokullar açılmaya başladı. Daha sonra “iptidai” adıyla sıbyan mekteplerinden ayrışacak olan bu okulların sayısı II. Abdülhamid döneminde hızla arttı.
Kayseri’deki ilk iptidai mektebi 1893’te açıldı; zamanla sayıları arttı. Dersler sıbyan mekteplerinin aksine Maarif Nezareti tarafından belirlenen öğretim programı kapsamında verilmekteydi. Bu çalışmada şehirdeki iptidailerin açılması, görev yapan öğretmenler ile arşiv kayıtlarının nispi zengin içerik sunması nedeniyle dört erkek ve iki kız iptidaisindeki eğitim-öğretim faaliyetleri (dersler, sınavlar, başarı başarısızlık vs.) ve öğrencilere dair (sayı, yaş vs.) bilgiler verilmektedir. Bilgilerin önemli bir kısmına bu altı okulda öğrenim gören öğrencilerin imtihan cetvellerinin incelenmesi ile ulaşılmıştır.
Bu çalışma yalnız Kayseri iptidai mektepleri hakkında değil, aynı zamanda geniş sınırlara sahip Osmanlı Devleti’ndeki ilkokul eğitiminin genel özellikleri hakkında da fikir verecektir. Çalışma, arşiv belgeleri ile bahse konu iptidailerde öğrenim görmüş bazı öğrencilerin anıları ve diğer kaynaklardan yararlanılarak hazırlanmıştır.
Expectations of the Size Evolution of Massive Galaxies at 3 ≤ z ≤ 6 from the TNG50 Simulation: The CEERS/JWST View
Authors: Costantin Luca , Pérez-González Pablo G. , Vega-Ferrero Jesús , Huertas-Company Marc , Bisigello Laura , Buitrago Fernando , Bagley Micaela B. , Cleri Nikko J. , Cooper Michael C. , Finkelstein Steven L. , Holwerda Benne W. , Kartaltepe Jeyhan S. , Koekemoer Anton M. , Nelson Dylan , Papovich Casey , Pillepich Annalisa , Pirzkal Nor , Tacchella Sandro , Yung L. Y. Aaron 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We present a catalog of about 25,000 images of massive (M
⋆ ≥ 109
M
⊙) galaxies at redshifts 3 ≤ z ≤ 6 from the TNG50 cosmological simulation, tailored for observations at multiple wavelengths carried out with JWST. The synthetic images were created with the SKIRT radiative transfer code, including the effects of dust attenuation and scattering. The noiseless images were processed with the mirage simulator to mimic the Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) observational strategy (e.g., noise, dithering pattern, etc.) of the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) survey. In this paper, we analyse the predictions of the TNG50 simulation for the size evolution of galaxies at 3 ≤ z ≤ 6 and the expectations for CEERS to probe that evolution. In particular, we investigate how sizes depend on the wavelength, redshift, mass, and angular resolution of the images. We find that the effective radius accurately describes the three-dimensional half-mass–radius of the TNG50 galaxies. Sizes observed at 2 μm are consistent with those measured at 3.56 μm at all redshifts and masses. At all masses, the population of higher-z galaxies is more compact than their lower-z counterparts. However, the intrinsic sizes are smaller than the mock observed sizes for the most massive galaxies, especially at z ≲ 4. This discrepancy between the mass and light distributions may point to a transition in the galaxy morphology at z = 4–5, where massive compact systems start to develop more extended stellar structures.
22

22

Data publicly released at https://www.tng-project.org/costantin22.
Stellar Initial Mass Function (IMF) Probed with Supernova Rates and Neutrino Background: Cosmic-average IMF Slope Is ≃2–3 Similar to the Salpeter IMF
Authors: Aoyama Shohei , Ouchi Masami , Harikane Yuichi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The stellar initial mass function (IMF) is expressed by ϕ(m) ∝ m
−

α
with the slope α, and known as a poorly constrained but very important function in studies of star and galaxy formation. There are no sensible observational constraints on the IMF slopes beyond the Milky Way and nearby galaxies. Here we combine two sets of observational results, (1) cosmic densities of core-collapse supernova (CCSN) explosion rates and (2) cosmic far-UV radiation (and infrared reradiation) densities, which are sensitive to massive (≃8–50 M
⊙) and moderately massive (≃2.5–7 M
⊙) stars, respectively, and constrain the IMF slope at m > 1 M
⊙ with a freedom of redshift evolution. Although no redshift evolution is identified beyond the uncertainties, we find that the cosmic-average IMF slope at z = 0 is α = 1.8–3.2 at the 95% confidence level that is comparable with the Salpeter IMF, α = 2.35, which marks the first constraint on the cosmic-average IMF. We show a forecast for the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope supernova survey that will provide significantly strong constraints on the IMF slope with δ
α ≃ 0.5 over z = 0–2. Moreover, as for an independent IMF probe instead of (1), we suggest to use diffuse supernovae neutrino background (DSNB), relic neutrinos from CCSNe. We expect that the Hyper-Kamiokande neutrino observations over 20 yr will improve the constraints on the IMF slope and the redshift evolution significantly better than those obtained today, if the systematic uncertainties of DSNB production physics are reduced in the future numerical simulations.
Two-step Acceleration of Energetic Electrons at Magnetic Flux Ropes during Turbulent Reconnection
Authors: Wang Z. , Vaivads A. , Fu H. S. , Cao J. B. , Lindberg M. , Turner D. L. , Ergun R. E. , Liu Y. Y. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Energetic electrons have been frequently observed during magnetic reconnection in the magnetotail. The acceleration process of the energetic electrons is not fully understood. In this paper, we select for a detailed study a case of energetic electron acceleration from the earlier reported interval of turbulent magnetic reconnection in Earth’s magnetotail observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. We use the first-order Taylor expansion method to reconstruct the magnetic topology of electron acceleration sites from the data. We find that the energetic electron fluxes increase inside the flux rope forming in front of the magnetic pileup region. We show that the energetic electrons are produced by a two-step process where two different acceleration mechanisms are successively operating outside and inside the flux rope. First, the thermal electrons are energized in the field-aligned direction inside the magnetic pileup region owing to the Fermi mechanism forming a cigar-like distribution. Second, those energized electrons are further accelerated predominately antiparallel to the magnetic field direction by a parallel electric field inside the flux rope. Our findings provide information for a better understanding of the generation of energetic electrons during turbulent reconnection process.
Chapitre 7. Les enjeux de l’aide médicale à mourir en contexte de sclérose latérale amyotrophique : une revue de la littérature
Authors: Favron-Godbout Caroline , Racine Eric 
Published: March 2023

La sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA) est une maladie neurodégénérative incurable qui mène certaines personnes atteintes à envisager l’aide médicale à mourir (AMM). Dans cet article, nous décrivons comment une diversité de problèmes moraux peut émerger de ce contexte particulier et nuire au bien-être des personnes atteintes de SLA, à celui de leurs proches et à celui de leurs soignants. L’AMM étant encadrée par des critères d’admissibilité précis, son élargissement est souvent proposé pour remédier à ces problèmes. Cette revue critique de la littérature vise à identifier des problèmes moraux relatifs à la SLA qui pourraient persister ou surgir advenant un tel élargissement. Les bases de données MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL et Web of Science ont été consultées au moyen de 4 combinaisons de recherches afin de capter les idées de la littérature existante sur l’éthique, l’AMM et la SLA (N = 41). Une analyse thématique de contenu a mis en lumière 3 catégories contextuelles où émergent des problèmes moraux (l’expérience de la maladie, le choix de la manière de mourir, et la mise en œuvre de l’AMM). Deux observations importantes peuvent être mises de l’avant : 1) des différences de perspectives ressortent entre les parties prenantes, ce qui peut occasionner des désaccords, mais certaines similarités de perspectives existent également ; 2) l’élargissement de l’admissibilité à l’AMM concerne principalement les problèmes moraux liés au choix de la manière de mourir, et constitue ainsi une solution partielle aux problèmes identifiés.
Comment accompagner la réhabilitation énergétique du patrimoine des propriétaires bailleurs
Authors: Schutzing Pascale 
Published: March 2023

Les plus anciens d’entre nous se souviennent probablement de la campagne de l’Ademe intitulée « Économies d’énergie, faisons vite, ça chauffe ! », en 2004. En 2006, Al Gore, ancien candidat à la présidence des États-Unis, alerte le monde entier sur le dérèglement climatique grâce à son documentaire « Une vérité qui dérange ». Nous sommes en 2021. Le dérèglement climatique a montré ses effets. Ce n’est plus une hypothèse, et les épisodes météorologiques extrêmes se multiplient. En 2020, la température moyenne sur notre planète était supérieure de 1,2 °C à sa valeur de l’ère préindustrielle (Turban, P., 2021). Parmi les grands pollueurs, le secteur du bâtiment est concerné. La succession de réglementations thermiques dans le neuf aboutira dès 2022 à la RE 2020, plus exigeante encore que le label Passiv Haus allemand. Les nouvelles constructions seront bientôt des modèles de sobriété énergétique. Durant cette année, un de nos professeurs, M. Ramelli, a cependant souligné un fait qui m’a interpelée : si nous devions être vraiment écologiques, nous rénoverions au lieu de construire du neuf… C’est avéré : rénover une maison consomme 40 fois moins de ressources que la construire. Le rapport passe même à 80 dans le cas d’un bâtiment d’habitat collectif (Ademe, 2020). La voilà, la panacée ! La loi Climat et Résilience ambitionne d’ailleurs d’éradiquer du parc locatif les logements les plus énergivores, en interdisant leur location, à moins d’une rénovation énergétique. Outre l’avantage écologique, la rénovation énergétique est une promesse de confort pour les habitants, de factures minimisées. Que du positif pour l’occupant ! Mais qu’en est-il des propriétaires-bailleurs ? Comment la société Immo peut-elle se positionner en tant qu’administrateur de biens ? Après avoir posé le contexte de la société Immo et présenté le travail de réflexion amenant à la problématique de ce travail, nous définirons quelques concepts clés essentiels à sa compréhension. Viendra, dans une seconde partie, le travail pratique de recherche, puisé dans les études et les écrits, dans un questionnaire réalisé auprès des clients d’Immo, et au travers d’interviews menées auprès d’acteurs de la rénovation énergétique. Nous aboutirons enfin à des préconisations qui permettront à la société Immo d’apporter son concours au grand défi de la rénovation énergétique.
Recommendations After an Objective Structured Clinical Examination Program Evaluation
Authors: Allan Danforth Debra A. , Merrill Emily , Allen Patricia , Armstrong Myrna L. , Merritt Jeanne 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The use of objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) is a well-established method of clinical assessment in the medical profession, and these are currently being integrated into advanced practice nursing curricula.

Method:

A program assessment was conducted at a current family nurse practitioner track within a southwestern U.S. university using the OSCE evaluative strategy. The logic model from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention framework was incorporated. Both focus group and the de-identified faculty-scored student rubrics during the fall, spring, and summer semesters of one cohort of students (
N
= 73) were examined.

Results:
Strengths and challenges were found in the areas of student preparation, scoring/grading with variations of inter-rater reliability, and debriefing.

Conclusion:

Establishing a specific OSCE center with a dedicated director could support adequate attainment of formative and summative competencies for nurse practitioners and provide faculty education and standardized student preparation, while adhering to the multiple guidelines and standards related to nurse practitioner competency evaluation with simulation.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2023;54(4):169–175.]
Lack of Herpes Virus Entry Mediator Signals in Thymocytes Impairs Conventional CD8 T Cell Selection and Promotes Memory-like CD8 T Cell Development
Authors: Kugii Yuki , Kuroki Yui , Hara Yasushi , Goitsuka Ryo , Nakano Naoko 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Thymocytes having diverse Ag specificities are selected in response to self-MHC–peptide expressed in thymic epithelial cells, which contributes to the formation of a T cell repertoire. However, it is not well understood whether additional signals from epithelial cells are required to drive positive selection. In this study, we found that one of the TNFR superfamily members, herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM), when expressed on thymocytes provides signals for positive selection. HVEM deficiency in double-positive (DP) thymocytes impaired positive selection of CD8 thymocytes. HVEM-deficient thymocytes in OT-1 TCR transgenic mice exhibited significant defects in positive selection and impaired CD69 upregulation of selected thymocytes. HVEM ligands (lymphotoxin-like, exhibits inducible expression, and competes with HSV glycoprotein D for HVEM, a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes, and B and T lymphocyte attenuator) were expressed in cortical thymic epithelial cells. Weak TCR ligation combined with HVEM signals enhanced ERK activation in DP thymocytes developed in vitro. Insufficient signals for positive selection in HVEM-deficient DP thymocytes led to the development of innate memory-like CD8 T cells expressing high levels of CD122, along with the increased development of PLZF+ NKT cells. These results suggest that thymocytes receive activation signals through HVEM during positive selection. Thus, our findings provide evidence that the threshold of thymocyte positive selection is set by signals from TCR in association with HVEM.
Retrograde Autologous Priming Method Reduces Plasma Free Hemoglobin Level in Aortic Surgery
Authors: Balci Eda , Aykut Aslihan , Demir Asli , Vardar Kübra , Karduz Gülsüm , Aksu Uğur 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Although conventional cardiopulmonary bypass (cCPB) is still the most widely used method in open heart surgery, methods such as retrograde autologous priming (RAP) are increasingly popular in terms of limiting hemodilution. Our hypothesis is that the use of the RAP method in aortic surgery may result in a limitation of hemodilution and a decrease in fHb levels. For this purpose, plasma free hemoglobin (fHb) levels were investigated in adult open aortic arch repair with axillary artery cannulation patients using cCPB and rRAP methods.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, a total of 36 patients undergoing aortic surgery using rRAP and standard cCPB were investigated. Measurements were performed at five time points: After induction of anesthesia, 5th minute of CPB, 10th minute of antegrade cerebral perfusion, 30th minute after declamping of aorta, and at sternum closure. Besides hemodynamic variables, arterial blood gas analysis and postoperative variables, patients were assessed for fHb levels.

Results:
The rRAP group had a significantly lower increase in fHb levels in T3, T4, and T5 time points, when compared to the cCPB group (p = 0.002, 0.047, 0.009, respectively). There was no significant difference between the rRAP and cCPB groups in other intraoperative, and postoperative variables. Also, it was observed that rRAP did not make a difference in terms of blood and blood product transfusion.

Conclusion:
In this study, in patients undergoing aortic surgery, a reduction in the increase of fHb was observed with the rRAP method which is a simple procedure that does not require high cost or advanced technology.
Analyzing the Impact of Preoperative Interrogation of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices
Authors: Navas-Blanco Jose R , Williams Derrick V , Modak Raj K 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) are becoming more common for the management of underlying of cardiac dysrhythmias, and more patients with these devices are presenting for cardiac and noncardiac procedures.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective, cohort, single-center study at a tertiary teaching medical center, gathering 151 patients with CIED undergoing elective and emergent surgeries for the time period between November 2013 and December 2016. We aimed to determine whether patients with CIED had the device interrogated before surgery as recommended by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) consensus, whether this lack of compliance led to delay in the holding area before surgery and determine the presence of intra- or postoperative cardiac events in these patients.

Results:
A total of 76% of patients had interrogation of the device before surgery. Emergent cases were not interrogated as much as elective cases preoperatively (43% vs. 18%, respectively; P < 0.05). In total, 6% of cases had a CIED-related average holding area delay time of 54 minutes. Patients without preoperative device interrogation had more perioperative cardiac events than those who had the device checked (25% vs. 8%, respectively; odds ratio [OR] 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09–0.7, P < 0.013).

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that preoperative interrogation of the device plays a significant role to minimize the incidence of perioperative cardiac adverse events. Institutional providers show a lack of compliance with HRS/ASA recommendations for preoperative CIED management. Further research is required to determine if improved compliance to recommendations will lead to enhanced outcomes.
Is airway pressure release ventilation, a better primary mode of post-operative ventilation for adult patients undergoing open heart surgery? A prospective randomised study
Authors: Manjunath V , Reddy Bhavya G , Prasad S R 
Published: March 2023

Context:
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induced acute lung injury is accounted for most of the post-operative pulmonary dysfunction which leads to decreased compliance and hypoxemia. Airway Pressure Release Ventilation (APRV) as compared to other modes of ventilation has shown to improve gas exchange in Acute lung injury (ALI)/Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) lungs.

Aims:
We hypothesized APRV as a better primary mode of postoperative ventilation in adult post-cardiac surgery patients.

Methodology:
The study included 90 postoperative surgical patients, which were randomized into three groups: SIMV-PC(P), APRV(A), and SIMV-VC(V) with 30 patients in each group.

Subjects and Methods:
Lung compliance and serial arterial blood gas were assessed at regular intervals. PaO2/FiO2 ratio (a measure of oxygenation) and lung compliance were used as an indirect indicator for improvement in lung function. Hemodynamic parameters were closely observed for all the patients.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical analysis was done using ‘R’ software.

Results:
There was a statistically significant improvement in PaO2/FiO2 ratio in the APRV group as compared to other groups. There was also an improvement in lung compliance after 6 h of ventilation and lesser duration of ventilation in the APRV group. However, it was not statistically significant.

Conclusions:
Our study suggests that APRV can be a useful alternative primary mode of ventilation to improve lung compliance and oxygenation in adult post-cardiac surgical patients.
Antibacterial Activity of Acalypha Indica Extract on Porphyromonas Gingivalis: An In vitro Study
Authors: Manoharan P , Gunasekaran L , Shavi GR , Shanmuagam S , Smith JJ 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Acalypha
indica plant is traditionally used to treat dysentery, diarrhea, malnutrition, and malaria. This plant extract reported a wide antibacterial spectrum against Staphylococcus
aureus, Staphylococcus
epidermidis, Bacillus
cereus, Streptococcus
faecalis, and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa.

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of A. indica plant extract at the concentrations of 10–200 mg/ml against Porphyromonas
gingivalis. A. indica plant metabolites were extracted by the maceration technique using methanol.

Materials and Methods:
The literature revealed the analysis of different phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenols. The antibacterial activity was analyzed using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration.

Results:
The n-hexane extract of A. indica has the best antibacterial potency at 200 mg/ml against P. gingivalis with an initial zone of inhibition at 100 mg/ml 12 mm, which is compared to the gold-standard chlorhexidine and MIC value of 150 mg/ml.

Conclusion:
Among major periodontal pathogens, P. gingivalis appears to be one of the prime etiological agents in the pathogenesis and progression of the inflammatory events of periodontal disease. This infinitesimal herb A. indica found throughout India is readily available and can be utilized as an effective antimicrobial agent against P. gingivalis and periodontal diseases.