bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics in sliding set of planar sector-wise linear systems
Authors: Han Qianqian , Huan Song-Mei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
For piecewise smooth dynamical systems the existence and properties of some special kinds of sliding points are very important to determine the dynamics (whether local or global), and are also very essential in studying DIBs (i.e. discontinuity induced bifurcations) related to sliding motions. In this paper, we mainly study the inner dynamics of the sliding set of a general planar sector-wise linear differential systems, including the definitions, existence and stability of all special sliding points. Specially, by studying the case when the two zones are separated by straight lines, we obtain explicit dependence on system parameters of the existence, stability and number of all kinds of special sliding points for the planar sector-wise linear systems. Moreover, we provide concrete examples to illustrate our main results and their application in studying DIBs.
Dust-ion-acoustic shock waves in the presence of (r, q) distributed electrons
Authors: Khan Majid , Huzaif Syed Muhammad , Kamran M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A three-component dusty plasma system, with non-Maxwellian electrons, is investigated. The ions are considered to be mobile, the (spherical) dust is assumed to be stationary with charge- fluctuations, and the electrons follow the generalized

r
,
q

velocity distribution function (VDF). The respective Burger’s equation, which manifests a shock structure, is derived by employing a reductive perturbation technique (RPT). It is deduced that dust charge fluctuations induce shock potential in a collisionless plasma system. The resultant perturbed potential is evaluated as affected by different plasma parameters, e.g. the ratios of electron to ion temperature (σ

i
) and equilibrium densities (μ), and the non-thermal indices r and q. The shock amplitude is seen to decrease when the value of σ

i
is increased, and vice versa, whereas an opposite trend is observed for μ. It is found that for r = 0 and increasing values of spectral index q, amplitude of the potential distribution enhances while its width decreases. It is further noted that non-Maxwellian VDF significantly modifies the potential distribution. For the limiting case, namely, r = 0 and q → ∞ , the corresponding Maxwellian results are retrieved which benchmarks our findings. Present work will be useful in understanding the nonlinear propagation of dust-ion-acoustic shock waves in system where non-thermal population—as caused by various physical processes—of electrons are observed.
Effects of gravitational lensing by Kaluza-Klein black holes on neutrino oscillations
Authors: Chakrabarty Hrishikesh , Chatrabhuti Auttakit , Malafarina Daniele , Silasan Bhuddhanubhap , Tangphati Takol 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We study gravitational lensing of neutrinos in a Kaluza-Klein black hole spacetime and compare the oscillation probabilities of neutrinos with the case of lensing by black holes in General Relativity. We show that measuring neutrino oscillations in curved spacetimes may allow us to distinguish the two kinds of black holes even in the weak-field limit, as opposed to what happens for the weak lensing of photons. This promises to become an useful tool for future measurements of the properties of black hole candidates and possibly help to constrain the validity of alternative theories of gravity.
Tracking the validity of the quasi-static and sub-horizon approximations in modified gravity
Authors: Orjuela-Quintana J. Bayron , Nesseris Savvas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Within the framework of modified gravity, the quasi-static and sub-horizon approximations are widely used in analyses aiming to identify departures from the concordance model at late-times. In general, it is assumed that time derivatives are subdominant with respect to spatial derivatives given that the relevant physical modes are those well inside the Hubble radius. In practice, the perturbation equations under these approximations are reduced to a tractable algebraic system in terms of the gravitational potentials and the perturbations of involved matter fields. Here, in the framework of f(R) theories, we revisit standard results when these approximations are invoked using a new parameterization scheme that allows us to track the relevance of each time-derivative term in the perturbation equations. This new approach unveils correction terms which are neglected in the standard procedure. We assess the relevance of these differences by comparing results from both approaches against full numerical solutions for two well-known toy-models: the designer f(R) model and the Hu-Sawicki model. We find that: i) the sub-horizon approximation can be safely applied to linear perturbation equations for scales 0.06 h/Mpc ≲ k ≲ 0.2 h/Mpc, ii) in this “safety region”, the quasi-static approximation provides a very accurate description of the late-time cosmological dynamics even when dark energy significantly contribute to the cosmic budget, and iii) our new methodology performs better than the standard procedure, even for several orders of magnitude in some cases. Although, the impact of this major improvement on the linear observables is minimal for the studied cases, this does not represent an invalidation for our approach. Instead, our findings indicate that the perturbation expressions derived under these approximations in more general modified gravity theories, such as Horndeski, should be also revisited.
Review of SIRIO interferometer experimental results
Authors: Mazzotta C. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The SIRIO (Scanning InfraRed Interferometer) interferometer [1], recently disassembled together with the FTU (Frascati Tokamak Upgrade) experiment [2], worked continuously from 2004 to 2019.
An extremely important contribution was made in all the experiments conducted on this tokamak. By virtue of its characteristics, in terms of spatial (1 cm) and temporal resolution (density profiles every 62 μs), combined with its capability to scan the entire plasma column. This interferometer produced all the density feedbacks for operations. Above all, it collected accurate density measurements in plasma physics, among the best data of all tokamak interferometers.
In this review, it is reported the highly valuable experimental work of this powerful diagnostics. Indeed, high density observations were analyzed, as well as fast variations were measured; some examples: the detection of plasma instabilities (MARFE), the trace and the speed of the pellets, the measurement of the particle transport efficiencies in important transients etc.
In order to improve the knowledge for future interferometry in plasma density measurements projects, some topics related to data analysis are also exposed, as well as local density reconstruction methods.
Active wing-pitching mechanism in hummingbird escape maneuvers
Authors: Nasirul Haque Mohammad , Cheng Bo , Tobalske Bret W , Luo Haoxiang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Previous studies suggested that wing pitching, i.e. the wing rotation around its long axis, of insects and hummingbirds is primarily driven by an inertial effect associated with stroke deceleration and acceleration of the wings and is thus passive. Here we considered the rapid escape maneuver of hummingbirds who were initially hovering but then startled by the frontal approach of a looming object. During the maneuver, the hummingbirds substantially changed their wingbeat frequency, wing trajectory, and other kinematic parameters. Using wing kinematics reconstructed from high-speed videos and computational fluid dynamics modeling, we found that although the same inertial effect drove the wing flipping at stroke reversal as in hovering, significant power input was required to pitch up the wings during downstroke to enhance aerodynamic force production; furthermore, the net power input could be positive for wing pitching in a complete wingbeat cycle. Therefore, our study suggests that an active mechanism was present during the maneuver to drive wing pitching. In addition to the powered pitching, wing deviation during upstroke required twice as much power as hovering to move the wings caudally when the birds redirected the aerodynamic force vector for escaping. These findings were consistent with our hypothesis that enhanced muscle recruitment is essential for hummingbirds’ escape maneuvers.
Efferocytosis-inspired nanodrug treats sepsis by alleviating inflammation and secondary immunosuppression
Authors: Guo Xiaoyu , Shen Peiming , Shao Rongjiao , Hong Ting , Liu Weizhuo , Shen Yi , Su Fan , Wang Qinlan , He Bin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation storm induced by sepsis may lead to severe organ dysfunction and secondary immunosuppression, which is one of the main reasons for high mortality and prolonged hospitalization of septic patients. However, there is a lack of effective treatments for it at present. Here, we report an efferocytosis-inspired nanodrug (BCN@M) to treat sepsis and secondary immunosuppression via regulating the macrophage function. Bioactive molecular curcumin was loaded with bovine serum albumin and then coated with the damaged erythrocyte membrane derived from septic mice. It was found that the septic erythrocytes promoted the efferocytosis signal and BCN@M uptake efficiency by macrophages. The well-constructed BCN@M nanodrug reduced the hyperinflammation in sepsis and restored the bacterial clearance ability of macrophage in the secondary immunosuppression state. This study highlights BCN@M as an efferocytosis-inspired nanodrug to alleviate hyperinflammation and secondary immunosuppression of sepsis.
Wildfire smoke exposure has significant economic impacts on California’s licensed cannabis industry
Authors: Dillis Christopher , Butsic Van , Martin Jeffrey Vance , Reiman Amanda , Starrs Genoa , Grantham Theodore E 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
California (USA) supports the largest legal cannabis market in the world, yet faces increasing risk from wildfire. While anecdotal evidence of impacts to cannabis crops has been documented during recent extreme fire seasons, the economic losses resulting from smoke exposure and other indirect effects (e.g., ash fall, mandatory evacuations, power outages) are not well understood. We conducted an online survey of licensed cannabis farms across the state, reporting wildfire impacts on cannabis crops from 2018 through 2021. We summarized regional variation in reported cannabis crop losses, fit a hierarchical multinomial model to assess the effects of proximity to fire and smoke exposure on crops, and trained a random forest model to make impact predictions for all state-licensed outdoor cannabis farms. We found that cannabis farms experienced wildfire-related crop losses across all cannabis growing regions in 2020, but that northern regions experienced particularly high crop loss across all four study years. We also found that exposure to wildfire smoke was a stronger predictor of reported impacts than proximity to wildfire. The output of our random forest model suggested substantial impacts for the cannabis industry in 2020, with predicted crop losses between 4.54% and 21.61% statewide, and between 9.09% and 42.83% in the northernmost counties. Estimated potential economic losses in 2020 and 2021 were as high as $1.44 billion and $970.04 million, respectively—losses which themselves exceed annual values of many of California’s other agricultural commodities. Together our results indicate substantial impacts of wildfire for the California cannabis industry as a whole. We suggest that more attention be given to strategies for mitigating cannabis crop losses from wildfires, especially in light of increasing fire occurrence and severity under climate change.
A clustering-based multi-model ensemble projection of near-term precipitation changes over East China and its uncertainty
Authors: Zhao Zihui , Guo Yan , Dong Buwen , Zhu Jiangshan , Luo Neng , Gao Zhibo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
An ensemble of 28 models from the 6th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project was used to project future changes in annual mean precipitation over East China during 2046–2065 relative to 1995–2014 under the SSP2-4.5 scenario. A precipitation increase of 0.16 mm d−1 is projected over North China by the multi-model ensemble (MME) mean. However, large model uncertainty exists over South China (SC), reducing the fidelity of the MME mean projection. Thus, a clustering-based MME probabilistic projection is presented that projects four possible SC precipitation changes in the future. Precipitation increases are projected in Cluster 1, Cluster 3 and Cluster 4 for 0.51 mm d−1, 0.2 mm d−1 and 0.23 mm d−1, respectively, with occurrence probabilities of 14.3%, 35.7% and 25%, respectively. Conversely, the projected Cluster 2 precipitation decrease is 0.01 mm d−1 with an occurrence probability of 25%. The differences in precipitation change are mainly contributed by dynamic effect due to different circulation changes across clusters. During extended summer, different circulation anomalies over western North Pacific (WNP) among clusters arise from the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) warming patterns over the equatorial central-eastern Pacific, which explain the different precipitation increases over SC. During extended winter, a strong zonal SSTA gradient between the South China Sea and adjacent WNP is projected in Cluster 2, stimulating a zonally vertical cell with anomalous descent over SC and resulting in markedly decreased precipitation. A similar but much weaker zonal SSTA gradient and circulation anomaly are projected in Cluster 3. Distinct meridional SSTA gradients over the WNP are projected in the rest clusters, stimulating shifted descents with a weak effect on SC precipitation.
Uphill diffusions in single and multi-species systems
Authors: Colangeli Matteo , Giberti Claudio , Vernia Cecilia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUphill diffusions constitute an intriguing phenomenon reported in a series of numerical simulations and experiments in which particles move from lower to higher density regions, at variance with the basic tenets of transport theory. In this paper we review several examples of uphill diffusions that appear in quite different frameworks. We highlight the role of the coupling with external reservoirs in the onset of particle currents with the ‘wrong’ sign, and also put forward a statistical mechanical explanation of the phenomenon for stochastic multi-species systems as well as for single-species models undergoing a phase transition.
New features of the surface wave propagation along an exponentially graded-index layer and nonlinear substrate with generalized Kerr-type nonlinear response
Authors: Savotchenko S E 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
New surface waves travelling along the interface between the medium with a generalization of the Kerr nonlinearity and an exponentially graded-index layer are found. The Kerr nonlinearity generalization is assumed to be an abruptly change in the values of Kerr nonlinear response parameters from one to another after the wave amplitude exceeds the threshold value of electric field. The differences between the localization features of surface waves in self-focusing and defocusing media are established. It is shown that the bulk of the surface wave energy is transferred in the optical domain formed near the interface in the case of contact between a graded-index medium and a self-focusing one, which can play the role of the core of the waveguide system. The opposite effect is observed in the case of contact between a graded-index and a defocusing medium, when the main fraction of the surface wave energy is transferred along the graded-index layer, and in the optical domain it is much lower than in a nonlinear substrate.
Renormalization group analysis of a self-organized critical system: intrinsic anisotropy vs random environment
Authors: Antonov N V , Kakin P I , Lebedev N M , Yu Luchin A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We study a self-organized critical system coupled to an isotropic random fluid environment. The former is described by a strongly anisotropic continuous (coarse-grained) model introduced by Hwa and Kardar (1989 Phys. Rev. Lett.
62 1813; 1992 Phys. Rev. A 45 7002); the latter is described by the stirred Navier–Stokes equation due to Forster et al (1977 Phys. Rev. A 16 732). The full problem of two coupled stochastic equations is represented as a field-theoretic model, which is shown to be multiplicatively renormalizable. The corresponding renormalization group (RG) equations possess a semi-infinite curve of fixed points in the four-dimensional space of the model parameters. The whole curve is infrared attractive for realistic values of parameters; its endpoint corresponds to the purely isotropic regime where the original Hwa–Kardar nonlinearity becomes irrelevant. There, one is left with a simple advection of a passive scalar field by the external environment. The main critical dimensions are calculated to leading (one-loop) order (first terms in the

ϵ
=
4
−
d

expansion); some of them are exact in all orders. These dimensions remain the same along that curve, which makes it reasonable to interpret it as a single universality class. However, the correction exponents do vary along the curve. It is therefore not clear whether the curve survives in all orders of the RG expansion or shrinks to a single point when the higher-order corrections are taken into account.
The ZX-calculus as a language for topological quantum computation
Authors: Ahmadi Fatimah Rita , Kissinger Aleks 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Unitary fusion categories formalise the algebraic theory of topological quantum computation. These categories come naturally enriched in a subcategory of the category of Hilbert spaces, and by looking at this subcategory, one can identify a collection of generators for implementing quantum computation. We represent such generators for the Fibonacci and Ising models, namely the encoding of qubits and the associated braid group representations, with the ZX-calculus and show that in both cases, the Yang–Baxter equation is directly connected to an important rule in the complete ZX-calculus known as the P-rule, which enables one to interchange the phase gates defined with respect to complementary bases. In the Ising case, this reduces to a familiar rule relating two distinct Euler decompositions of the Hadamard gate as

π

/

2

Z- and X-phase gates, whereas in the Fibonacci case, we give a previously unconsidered exact solution of the P-rule involving the Golden ratio. We demonstrate the utility of these representations by giving graphical derivations of the single-qubit braid equations for Fibonacci anyons and the single- and two-qubit braid equations for Ising anyons. We furthermore present a fully graphical procedure for simulating and simplifying braids with the ZX-representation of Fibonacci anyons.
Side plasma flow and stagnation of a conical blunt body vehicle under an axial dipole magnetic field
Authors: Wang Chen , Tian Zhenguo , Li Shengdong , Hao Ying 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The study of plasma flow under the thermal protection magnetic field of reentry vehicle is helpful to verify the magnetic control thermal protection technology and further understand its flow law. By solving hypersonic magnetohydrodynamics equations and combining with dipole magnetic field conditions, the plasma flow mechanism of radio attenuation measurement (RAM)-CII (RAM Experiment) spacecraft at 61 km altitude is analyzed and compared with orbital reentry experiment (OREX) spacecraft under the same conditions. The results show that the plasma flow of RAM-CII is more complex than that of OREX, and there are several regions with different Lorentz force directions near the aircraft, which play the role of plasma ejection and adsorption. Under the action of Lorentz force, the side flow of the aircraft will be separated and reattached, and the fluid stagnation zone will be generated. The results show that for different shapes of aircraft, the flow laws caused by magnetic thermal protection technology are different, and the side flow may be greatly affected.
Neoclassical models of charged particles
Authors: De Zela F 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Classical electrodynamics (CED) has achieved great success in its domain of application, but despite this success, it has remained a theory that lacks complete self-consistency. It is worthwhile trying to make CED a self-consistent theory, because many important phenomena lie within its scope, and because modern field theories have been modelled on it. Alternative approaches to CED might help finding a definite formulation, and they might also lead to the prediction of new phenomena. Here we report two main results. The first one derives from standard CED. It is shown that the motion of a charged particle is ruled not only by the Lorentz equation, but also by equations that are formally identical to Maxwell equations. The latter hold for a velocity field and follow as a strict logical consequence of Hamilton’s action principle for a single particle. We construct a tensor with the velocity field in the same way as the electromagnetic tensor is constructed with the four potential. The two tensors are shown to be proportional to one another. As a consequence, and without leaving the realm of standard CED, one can envision new phenomena for a charged particle, which parallel those involving electromagnetic fields. The second result refers to a field-free approach to CED. This approach confirms the simultaneous validity of Maxwell-like and Lorentz equations as rulers of charged particle motion.
A bionic controllable strain membrane for cell stretching at air–liquid interface inspired by papercutting
Authors: Li Yuanrong , Xie Mingjun , Lv Shang , Sun Yuan , Li Zhuang , Gu Zeming , He Yong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Lung diseases associated with alveoli, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, have posed a long-term threat to human health. However, an in vitro model capable of simulating different deformations of the alveoli and a suitable material for mimicking basement membrane are currently lacking. Here, we present an innovative biomimetic controllable strain membrane (BCSM) at an air–liquid interface (ALI) to reconstruct alveolar respiration. The BCSM consists of a high-precision three-dimensional printing melt-electrowritten polycaprolactone (PCL) mesh, coated with a hydrogel substrate—to simulate the important functions (such as stiffness, porosity, wettability, and ALI) of alveolar microenvironments, and seeded pulmonary epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells on either side, respectively. Inspired by papercutting, the BCSM was fabricated in the plane while it operated in three dimensions. A series of the topological structure of the BCSM was designed to control various local-area strain, mimicking alveolar varied deformation. Lopinavir/ritonavir could reduce Lamin A expression under over-stretch condition, which might be effective in preventing ventilator-induced lung injury. The biomimetic lung-unit model with BCSM has broader application prospects in alveoli-related research in the future, such as in drug toxicology and metabolism.