bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity and the risk of periodontitis: an instrumental variable study
Authors: Baumeister Sebastian-Edgar , Reckelkamm Stefan Lars , Ehmke Benjamin , Nolde Michael , Baurecht Hansjörg 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives

Observational studies suggested an inverse association between physical activity and periodontitis. However, observational studies might be subject to unobserved confounding and reverse causation bias. We conducted an instrumental variable study to strengthen the evidence on the relationship between physical activity and periodontitis.

Materials and methods
We used genetic variants associated with self-reported and accelerometer-assessed physical activity in 377,234 and 91,084 UK Biobank participants, respectively, as instruments. For these instruments, genetic associations with periodontitis were obtained from 17,353 cases and 28,210 controls in the GeneLifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints consortium.

Results
We found no evidence for effects of self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, self-reported vigorous physical activity, accelerometry “average accelerations,” and “fraction of accelerations > 425 milli-gravities” on periodontitis. For example, the odds ratio for self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was 1.07 (95% credible interval: 0.87; 1.34) in Causal Analysis using Summary Effect Estimates. We conducted sensitivity analyses to rule out weak instrument bias and correlated horizontal pleiotropy.

Conclusions
The study does not support an effect of physical activity on the risk of periodontitis.

Clinical relevance
This study provides little evidence that recommending physical activity would help prevent periodontitis.
The robotic-surgery propositional bank
Authors: Bombieri Marco , Rospocher Marco , Ponzetto Simone Paolo , Fiorini Paolo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRobot-assisted minimally invasive surgery is the gold standard for the surgical treatment of many pathological conditions since it guarantees to the patient shorter hospital stay and quicker recovery. Several manuals and academic papers describe how to perform these interventions and thus contain important domain-specific knowledge. This information, if automatically extracted and processed, can be used to extract or summarize surgical practices or develop decision making systems that can help the surgeon or nurses to optimize the patient’s management before, during, and after the surgery by providing theoretical-based suggestions. However, general English natural language understanding algorithms have lower efficacy and coverage issues when applied to domain others than those they are typically trained on, and a domain specific textual annotated corpus is missing. To overcome this problem, we annotated the first robotic-surgery procedural corpus, with PropBank-style semantic labels. Starting from the original PropBank framebank, we enriched it by adding new lemmas, frames and semantic arguments required to cover missing information in general English but needed in procedural surgical language, releasing the Robotic-Surgery Procedural Framebank (RSPF). We then collected from robotic-surgery textbooks as-is sentences for a total of 32,448 tokens, and we annotated them with RSPF labels. We so obtained and publicly released the first annotated corpus of the robotic-surgical domain that can be used to foster further research on language understanding and procedural entities and relations extraction from clinical and surgical scientific literature.
On the Analysis of Ait-Sahalia-Type Model for Rough Volatility Modelling
Authors: Coffie Emmanuel , Mao Xuerong , Proske Frank 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter $$H<\frac{1}{2}$$

H
<

1
2

is used widely, for instance, to describe ‘rough’ volatility data in finance. In this paper, we examine a generalised Ait-Sahalia-type model driven by a fractional Brownian motion with $$H<\frac{1}{2}$$

H
<

1
2

and establish theoretical properties such as an existence-and-uniqueness theorem, regularity in the sense of Malliavin differentiability and higher moments of the strong solutions.
Oxygen production at intermediate temperatures using Ca2AlMnO5+δ double perovskite-type oxides
Authors: Pishahang Mehdi , Larring Yngve , Cloete Schalk , Sunding Martin Fleissner , Denonville Christelle , Li Zuoan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDouble-perovskite Ca2AlMnO5+δ exhibits promising oxygen uptake and release capacity at intermediate temperatures (400–700 °C), which makes it an interesting candidate for in situ oxygen production in an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) process. Experiments were conducted at 10 bars by alternating gas feeds of air and various sweep gases to a packed bed filled with 300 g of granular oxygen carrier materials. These realistic operating conditions demonstrated that 15–20% oxygen can be introduced to the sweep gas, which is sufficient for autothermal gasification of solid fuels in IGCC. Argon performed slightly better than CO2 as a sweep gas, presumably because of some CO2 absorption or the higher O2 partial pressure of CO2 that inhibited O2 release. Further O2 concentration increases can be expected from increasing the temperature under reduction by feeding a fuel gas to combust with the released O2, but experiments with H2 did not produce the desired effect because the combustion reaction was too slow at the optimal reactor temperature (~ 600 °C). In general, the reduction stage was more prone to kinetic limitations, as illustrated by a significant decrease in O2 concentration when the sweep flowrate was increased. A longer oxidation stage to fully charge the oxygen carrier also increased O2 concentrations in the sweep, but this requires a process integration such as IGCC where the large quantity of warm depleted air can be effectively utilized. Furthermore, the enthalpy of oxidation of Ca2AlMnO5+δ was obtained from density functional theory modeling, equilibrium conditions in thermogravimetric analysis, packed bed experiments and directly from differential scanning calorimetry. The enthalpy of oxidation obtained by these techniques range from − 166 to − 196 kJ mol−1 O2.
Research on urban country parks based on emergency medical facilities for public health emergencies—a case study of Guangzhou, China
Authors: Li Shuai , Wu Zheng , Tang Jiefang , Wang Shuo , Wang Pengfei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs COVID-19 has swept across the world, the escalating number of confirmed and suspected cases overwhelmed the admission capacity of the designated hospitals. Faced with such a grim situation, governments made a quick decision to build emergency medical facilities to address the outbreak. However, the emergency medical facilities faced a huge risk of epidemic spread and improper site could lead to serious secondary transmission. Using the disaster prevention and risk avoidance function of urban green space can solve the problem of selecting the location of emergency medical facilities to a certain extent, with country parks having a high degree of compatibility with the latter. Based on the location requirements of emergency medical facilities, using Analytic Hierarchy Process and Delphi method, through analyzing the type of country parks, effective risk avoidance area, spatial fragmentation, distance from water sources, wind direction, and distance from the city, quantification of 8 impact factors such as hydrogeology and traffic duration was conducted to comprehensively compare 30 country parks in Guangzhou. The results showed that the overall quality of country parks approximated a normal distribution, with Lianma Forest Country Park having the highest comprehensive score and the most balanced distribution of scores for various impact factors. Considering safety, expandability, rehabilitation, convenience, pollution prevention, and fecal isolation, it is a preferred destination for emergency medical facility construction.
Interior-point algorithm for symmetric cone horizontal linear complementarity problems based on a new class of algebraically equivalent transformations
Authors: Darvay Zsolt , Rigó Petra Renáta 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe generalize a primal-dual interior-point algorithm (IPA) proposed recently in (Illés T, Rigó PR, Török R Unified approach of primal-dual interior-point algorithms for a new class of AET functions, 2022) to $$P_*(\kappa )$$

P

∗

(
κ
)

-horizontal linear complementarity problems (LCPs) over Cartesian product of symmetric cones. The algorithm is based on the algebraic equivalent transformation (AET) technique with a new class of AET functions. The new class is a modification of the class of AET functions proposed in (Illés T, Rigó PR, Török R Unified approach of primal-dual interior-point algorithms for a new class of AET functions, 2022) where only two conditions are used as opposed to three used in (Illés T, Rigó PR, Török R Unified approach of primal-dual interior-point algorithms for a new class of AET functions, 2022). Furthermore, the algorithm is a feasible algorithm that uses full Nesterov-Todd steps, hence, no calculation of step-size is necessary. Nevertheless, we prove that the proposed IPA has the iteration bound that matches the best known iteration bound for IPAs solving these types of problems.
Hepatic Encephalopathy in Children
Authors: Bartlett Johanna Ascher , Kohli Rohit 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHepatic encephalopathy, characterized by mental status changes and neuropsychiatric impairment, is associated with chronic liver disease as well as acute liver failure. In children, its clinical manifestations can be challenging to pinpoint. However, careful assessment for the development of hepatic encephalopathy is imperative when caring for these patients as progression of symptoms can indicate impending cerebral edema and systemic deterioration. Hepatic encephalopathy can present with hyperammonemia, but it is important to note that the degree of hyperammonemia is not indicative of severity of clinical manifestations. Newer forms of assessment are undergoing further research, and include imaging, EEG and neurobiomarkers. Mainstay of treatment currently includes management of underlying cause of liver disease, as well as reduction of hyperammonemia with either enteral medications such as lactulose and rifaximin, or even with extracorporeal liver support modalities.
Partially Autonomous Belief
Authors: Schwengerer Lukas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdam Carter (2022) recently proposed that a successful analysis of knowledge needs to include an autonomy condition. Autonomy, for Carter, requires a lack of a compulsion history. A compulsion history bypasses one’s cognitive competences and results in a belief that is difficult to shed. I argue that Carter’s autonomy condition does not cover partially autonomous beliefs properly. Some belief-forming processes are partially bypassing one’s competences, but not bypassing them completely. I provide a case for partially autonomous belief based on processing fluency effects and argue that partially autonomous beliefs only amount to knowledge in some cases. I finally suggest how to adjust the autonomy condition to capture partially autonomous belief properly.
Systematic review of the performance evaluation of clinicians with or without the aid of machine learning clinical decision support system
Authors: Nuutinen Mikko , Leskelä Riikka-Leena 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
For the adoption of machine learning clinical decision support systems (ML-CDSS) it is critical to understand the performance aid of the ML-CDSS. However, it is not trivial, how the performance aid should be evaluated. To design reliable performance evaluation study, both the knowledge from the practical framework of experimental study design and the understanding of domain specific design factors are required.

Objective
The aim of this review study was to form a practical framework and identify key design factors for experimental design in evaluating the performance of clinicians with or without the aid of ML-CDSS.

Methods
The study was based on published ML-CDSS performance evaluation studies. We systematically searched articles published between January 2016 and December 2022. From the articles we collected a set of design factors. Only the articles comparing the performance of clinicians with or without the aid of ML-CDSS using experimental study methods were considered.

Results
The identified key design factors for the practical framework of ML-CDSS experimental study design were performance measures, user interface, ground truth data and the selection of samples and participants. In addition, we identified the importance of randomization, crossover design and training and practice rounds. Previous studies had shortcomings in the rationale and documentation of choices regarding the number of participants and the duration of the experiment.

Conclusion
The design factors of ML-CDSS experimental study are interdependent and all factors must be considered in individual choices.
Construction and demolition waste repurposed for heavy metal ion removal from wastewater: a review of current approaches
Authors: Ranaweera K. H. , Grainger M. N. C. , French A. D. , Mucalo M. R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOver the past few decades, the world is facing critical water supply problems caused by the relentless increase of global human populations and the associated rise of anthropogenic activities. Heavy metals are among the main water pollutants which pose a great threat to human health. Hence, globally there has been a large amount of research devoted to investigating cost-effective and sustainable methods for removal of heavy metals from polluted water. One such area of interest is the utilization of construction and demolition waste (CDW) materials for the adsorptive removal of heavy metal ions (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn). This review focuses on the most current research for the use of CDW as an adsorbent. The different heavy metal ion removal mechanisms involved are also discussed. Further, this article documents the regeneration and reuse strategies for heavy metal treated adsorbents and the efforts to apply these materials in large-scale applications. Finally, the main research gaps are identified and future research directions suggested.
Projectile Impact on Plain and Reinforced Concrete Slabs
Authors: Jacobsen Øystein E. K. , Kristoffersen Martin , Dey Sumita , Børvik Tore 
Published: June 2023

AbstractReinforced concrete is a material frequently used in protective structures and infrastructure exposed to extreme loading. In this study, the ballistic perforation resistance of 100 mm thick plain and reinforced concrete slabs impacted by 20 mm ogive-nose steel projectiles was investigated both experimentally and numerically. Two different reinforcement configurations were used to investigate the effect of rebar diameter and spacing. Concrete with nominal unconfined compressive strength of 75 MPa was used to cast material test specimens and slabs. Ballistic impact tests were performed in a compressed gas gun facility. The mechanical properties of the concrete were found using standardised tests and two-dimensional digital image correlation, and the constitutive relation was described by a modified version of the Holmquist-Johnson-Cook model. Finite element models in LS-DYNA reproduced the projectile residual velocity in good agreement with the experimental results. The primary objective of the study was thus to validate a rather simple constitutive relation intended for large scale numerical simulations of concrete structures exposed to ballistic impact loading, while a secondary objective was to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the ballistic perforation resistance of concrete slabs both experimentally and numerically since the literature is somewhat inconsistent on this matter.
Facial and Vocal Emotion Recognition in Adolescence: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zupan Barbra , Eskritt Michelle 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe ability to recognize emotion is important to wellbeing and building relationships with others, making this skill important in adolescence. Research investigating adolescents’ ability to recognize facial and vocal emotion expressions has reported differing conclusions about the pattern of emotion recognition across this developmental period. This systematic review aimed to clarify the pattern of recognition for facial and vocal emotion expressions, and the relationship of performance to different task and emotion expression characteristics. A comprehensive and systematic search of the literature was conducted using six databases. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data for adolescents between 11 and 18 years of age and measure accuracy of the recognition of emotion cues in either the face or voice. A total of 2333 studies were identified and 47 met inclusion criteria. The majority of studies focused on facial emotion recognition. Overall, early, mid-, and late-adolescents showed a similar pattern of recognition for both facial and vocal emotion expressions with the exception of Sad facial expressions. Sex of the participant also had minimal impact on the overall recognition of different emotions. However, analysis showed considerable variability according to task and emotion expression characteristics. Future research needs to increase focus on recognition of complex emotions, and low-intensity emotion expressions as well as the influence of the inclusion of Neutral as a response option.
Kardiologischer Check-up bei Frauen in den Wechseljahren
Authors: Sudano Isabella , Thevan Jeivicaa , Osto Elena 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungKardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen, insbesondere atherothrombotische Ereignisse, verursachen jährlich über 4 Mio. Todesfälle in Europa. Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen enden insgesamt tödlicher für die Frauen (2,2 Mio.) als für die Männer (1,8 Mio.), wohingegen kardiovaskuläre Todesfälle vor dem 65. Lebensjahr vorwiegend Männer betreffen (490.000 vs. 193.000). Das Herz-Kreislauf-Risiko ist nach der Menopause erhöht, das Risiko steigt weiter bei vorzeitiger oder früher Menopause. Risikofaktoren wie arterielle Hypertonie sollen spätestens ab dem 18. Lebensjahr abgeklärt werden, bei Verdacht auf eine familiäre Hypercholesterinämie soll eine Abklärung bereits im Kindesalter erfolgen. Frauen mit erhöhtem Risiko sollten deshalb früher zur Vorsorgeuntersuchung gehen. Für alle anderen Frauen ist ein kardialer Check-up generell nach der Menopause bzw. ab dem 50. Lebensjahr empfohlen. Welche kardiologischen Vorsorgeuntersuchungen für eine Frau in den Wechseljahren sinnvoll sind, hängt von individuellen Faktoren wie Krankheiten in der Familie, Alter, Vorerkrankungen oder kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren ab. Zudem zählen als wichtige Aspekte die Lebensstilfaktoren (Konsum von Tabak oder Nikotin, Ernährung, körperliche Aktivität, Stress, Konsum von illegalen Drogen) sowie die familiäre und berufliche Situation. Ein kardiologischer Check-up bietet die Gelegenheit, Lebensgewohnheiten zu besprechen und individuelle Ratschläge zu erteilen. Auf Basis der Untersuchungsresultate werden gezielte, nach Alter und individuellen Risikofaktoren angepasste Präventivmassnahmen mit bewiesener Wirksamkeit empfohlen.
Feature Attention as a Control Mechanism for the Balance of Speed and Accuracy in Visual Search
Authors: Griffith Thom , Townend Florence J. , Baker Sophie-Anne , Lepora Nathan F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFinding an object amongst a cluttered visual scene is an everyday task for humans but presents a fundamental challenge to computational models performing this feat. Previous attempts to model efficient visual search have focused on locating targets as swiftly as possible, but so far have not considered balancing the costs of lengthy searches against the costs of making errors. Here, we propose a neuro-inspired model of visual search that offers an attention-based control mechanism for this speed-accuracy trade-off. The model combines a goal-based fixation policy, which captures human-like behaviour on a simple visual search task, with a deep neural network that carries out the target detection step. The neural network is patched with a target-based feature attention model previously applied to standalone classification tasks. In contrast to image classification, visual search introduces a time component, which places an additional demand on the model to minimise the time cost of the search whilst also maintaining acceptable accuracy. The proposed model balances these two costs by modulating the attentional strength given to characteristic features of the target class, thereby minimising an associated cost function. The model offers a method for optimising the costs of visual search and demonstrates the value of a decision theoretic approach to modelling more complex visual tasks involving attention.
Comparative Assessment of Survival and Clinical Outcome Between Two Commercial Vitrification Kits with Different Warming Protocols After Blastocyst Culture: Potential Perspectives Toward Simplified Warming Procedures
Authors: Gunst Jan , Vynck Matthijs , Hostens Katleen , Standaert Valerie , Roggeman Sylvie , van de Vijver Arne 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study investigates whether there is an effect on laboratory results and clinical outcome using commercial kits with similar vitrification but different warming procedures for blastocysts vitrified on day 5 or day 6. A single-center retrospective cohort study was performed between 2011 and 2020. A change from a stage-specific kit (Kit 1) to a universal kit (Kit 2) was undertaken in 2017. A total of 1845 untested blastocysts were warmed for single vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfers (SVBT). Eight hundred and twenty-five blastocysts were vitrified with Kit 1 and 1020 with Kit 2. Blastocyst survival was not different (96.1% versus 97.3%). Seven hundred seventy-seven SVBT were performed from Kit 1 and 981 from Kit 2. Overall clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were not different (35.4% versus 34.1% and 30.9% versus 30.5% for Kit 1 and 2, respectively). Subgroup analysis for live birth rates in relation to the day of blastocyst vitrification showed no differences (36.1% and 36.1% for day 5 and 25.4% and 23.5% for day 6 blastocysts, respectively). For both kits, the mean gestational age was not different (38.8 ± 2.5 weeks versus 38.8 ± 2.0 weeks) with a singleton birth weight of 3413 ± 571 g and 3410 ± 528 g for Kit 1 and Kit 2, respectively. Differences in warming procedures do not affect laboratory performance or clinical outcome after blastocyst vitrification. The plasticity of a human blastocyst may allow for further investigation on simplification of blastocyst warming procedures.
Learning theory for inferring interaction kernels in second-order interacting agent systems
Authors: Miller Jason , Tang Sui , Zhong Ming , Maggioni Mauro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractModeling the complex interactions of systems of particles or agents is a fundamental problem across the sciences, from physics and biology, to economics and social sciences. In this work, we consider second-order, heterogeneous, multivariable models of interacting agents or particles, within simple environments. We describe a nonparametric inference framework to efficiently estimate the latent interaction kernels which drive these dynamical systems. We develop a learning theory which establishes strong consistency and optimal nonparametric min–max rates of convergence for the estimators, as well as provably accurate predicted trajectories. The optimal rates only depends on intrinsic dimension of interactions, which is typically much smaller than the ambient dimension. Our arguments are based on a coercivity condition which ensures that the interaction kernels can be estimated in stable fashion. The numerical algorithm presented to build the estimators is parallelizable, performs well on high-dimensional problems, and its performance is tested on a variety of complex dynamical systems.