bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic Variation in Clinical S. aureus Isolates Did Not Affect Disinfection Efficacy Using Short-Term UV-C Radiation
Authors: Knobling Birte , Franke Gefion , Carlsen Laura , Belmar Campos Cristina , Büttner Henning , Klupp Eva M. , Maurer Philipp Maximilian , Knobloch Johannes K. 
Published: May 2023

Pigmentation, catalase activity and biofilm formation are virulence factors that cause resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to environmental stress factors including disinfectants. In recent years, automatic UV-C room disinfection gained greater importance in enhanced disinfection procedures to improve disinfection success in hospitals. In this study, we evaluated the effect of naturally occurring variations in the expression of virulence factors in clinical S. aureus isolates on tolerance against UV-C radiation. Quantification of staphyloxanthin expression, catalase activity and biofilm formation for nine genetically different clinical S. aureus isolates as well as reference strain S. aureus ATCC 6538 were performed using methanol extraction, a visual approach assay and a biofilm assay, respectively. Log10 reduction values (LRV) were determined after irradiation of artificially contaminated ceramic tiles with 50 and 22 mJ/cm2 UV-C using a commercial UV-C disinfection robot. A wide variety of virulence factor expression was observed, indicating differential regulation of global regulatory networks. However, no direct correlation with the strength of expression with UV-C tolerance was observed for either staphyloxanthin expression, catalase activity or biofilm formation. All isolates were effectively reduced with LRVs of 4.75 to 5.94. UV-C disinfection seems therefore effective against a wide spectrum of S. aureus strains independent of occurring variations in the expression of the investigated virulence factors. Due to only minor differences, the results of frequently used reference strains seem to be representative also for clinical isolates in S. aureus.
Biological Control of Severe Fungal Phytopathogens by Streptomyces albidoflavus Strain CARA17 and Its Bioactive Crude Extracts on Lettuce Plants
Authors: Carlucci Antonia , Sorbo Andrea , Colucci Donato , Raimondo Maria Luisa 
Published: May 2023

Lettuce crop is an important horticultural crop of several Mediterranean countries, including Italy. The Italian region which is a major producer of lettuce crops is Apulia, where this crop is cultivated in open fields an in greenhouses. Since several microbial pathogens are responsible for important diseases found on lettuce produced in greenhouses, in this study, the experimental activities focused on the most severe fungal soilborne pathogens, i.e., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Athelia rolfsii. Their control is often performed with fungicides which cause public concern over the environment and human health. The main aims of this study were to determine the biocontrol efficacy of a Streptomyces strain in vitro and in vivo conditions on lettuce seedlings against Athelia rolfsii and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as severe fungal soilborne pathogens through the application of its vegetative propagules and putative bioactive crude extracts via filtrate culture. The results obtained confirm a significant effectiveness of CARA17 strain to control the severity of both fungal soilborne pathogens during two different experiments: when it is used as vegetative propagules and as a culture filtrate containing putative bioactive metabolites in vitro and in vivo conditions. These preliminary results demonstrated that the actinomycetes CARA17 strain is valid as a biocontrol agent (BCA) against both the severe phytopathogens used in this study. The biocontrol action performed from the CARA17 strain is clearly and mainly due to the putative bioactive crude extracts produced, but further studies are necessary to identify which metabolites (polyphenols, terpenes, fatty acids, etc.) are produced from this Streptomyces strain.
Lignin from Brewers’ Spent Grain: Structural and Thermal Evaluations
Authors: Gbenebor Oluwashina Philips , Olanrewaju Oludolapo Akanni , Usman Mohammed Awwalu , Adeosun Samson Oluropo 
Published: May 2023

Lignocellulose is a renewable ubiquitous material that comprises cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Lignin has been isolated from different lignocellulosic biomass via chemical treatments, but there has been little or no investigation carried out on the processing of lignin from brewers’ spent grain (BSG) to the best of authors’ knowledge. This material makes up 85% of the brewery industry’s byproducts. Its high moisture content hastens its deterioration, which has posed a huge challenge to its preservation and transportation; this eventually causes environmental pollution. One of the methods of solving this environmental menace is the extraction of lignin as a precursor for carbon fiber production from this waste. This study considers the viability of sourcing lignin from BSG with the use of acid solutions at 100 °C. Structural and thermal analyses were carried out on extracted samples, and the results were compared with other biomass-soured lignin to assess the proficiency of this isolation technique. Wet BSG sourced from Nigeria Breweries (NB), Lagos, was washed and sun-dried for 7 days. Tetraoxosulphate (VI) (H2SO4), hydrochloric (HCl), and acetic acid, each of 10 M, were individually reacted with dried BSG at 100 °C for 3 h and designated as H2, HC, and AC lignin. The residue (lignin) was washed and dried for analysis. Wavenumber shift values from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) show that intra- and intermolecular OH interactions in H2 lignin are the strongest and possess the highest magnitude of hydrogen-bond enthalpy (5.73 kCal/mol). The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results show that a higher lignin yield can be achieved when it is isolated from BSG, as 82.9, 79.3, and 70.2% were realized for H2, HC, and AC lignin. The highest size of ordered domains (0.0299 nm) displayed by H2 lignin from X-ray diffraction (XRD) informs that it has the greatest potential of forming nanofibers via electrospinning. The enthalpy of reaction values of 133.3, 126.6, and 114.1 J/g recorded for H2, HC, and AC lignin, respectively, from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results affirm that H2 lignin is the most thermally stable with the highest glass transition temperature (Tg = 107 °C).
The Ternary Object: On Shinichiro Kurimoto’s Theory of Levels
Authors: Tateyama Toshiharu , Mikado Naruhiko 
Published: May 2023

This brief article has two objectives. First, it aims to provide a concise and lucid elucidation of Theory of Levels, an ontological system which the veteran Japanese thinker Shinichiro Kurimoto first invented in the early 1980s and has ever refined through the course of his decades-long career. Second, it intends to demonstrate with cogency that the discourse, albeit having been buried in oblivion for quite a while, carries a potential to help one to obtain a new perspective from which to freshly and positively interpret the existential dilemma between our natural sense that each one of us is a unique existence and the sheer reality that every one of us is merely a trivial strand of diverse larger structures.
In order to achieve the objects, the argumentation proceeds in the following　order. Taking a survey of the papers in which Kurimoto’s Theory of Levels makes an appearance, the initial part confirms that, though it fis not the case that all academicians have completely disregarded the theory, as yet none of them has conducted a sufficiently comprehensive dissection thereof. Consulting, or rather reconstructing Kurimoto’s laconic account in his 2013 booklet entitled The Last Lecture of Shinichiro Kurimoto, the second part clarifies that the theoretical singularity of Theory of Levels consists in that it enables one to deem an existence to be a ternary object and thereby to get over the apparently insuperable quandary mentioned above. The third part concludes the discussion by indicating that decades after Kurimoto some researchers in natural science come to discuss from their own scientific perspective some views that hold a quite high degree of intimacy with Kurimoto’s theory. The authors of this paper are fully convinced that the Theory of Levels and/or fields upheld by the researchers
mentioned in this paper are worth academic efforts to be scrutinized to close in on the ontological essence of mankind and every other existence alike.
Keywords: Shinichiro Kurimoto, Theory of Levels, Japanese Thought
Intoxicação por Bufotoxina em cães: quadro clínico, epidemiologia e aspectos terapêuticos no atendimento emergencial veterinário
Authors: Ribeiro Diego , Nascimento Laura Gonçalves , Andrade Murilo Ferreira , Campideli Stéfane Mesquita , Resende Isa Lúcia Sousa , Lopes Jessiane , Souza Marcela Ferrari 
Published: May 2023

Acidentes com anuros contribuem para a casuística de emergências do cão doméstico e demandam conhecimento do médico veterinário. Objetiva-se nesse artigo discorrer sobre a intoxicação por bufotoxina através do relato de caso de um canino intoxicado. Um canino, macho, 2 anos, em estupor após contato com um anfíbio do gênero Bufo foi atendido em um Hospital Veterinário. Apresentava bradipneia, bradicardia, hipotensão, nistagmo horizontal, sialorreia e mucosas pálidas. Paciente recebeu 0,044 mg/kg de sulfato de atropina via intravenosa (IV), oxigenioterapia e foram monitorados os parâmetros vitais. A cavidade oral foi lavada com água e administrou-se carvão ativado. Averiguou-se fibrilação no eletrocardiograma. Foi realizado lidocaína 2 mg/kg em bolus IV e aplicado dexametasona intramuscular em dose única de 0,5 mg/kg. O manejo da pressão arterial foi realizado através de fluidoterapia com ringer com lactato 10 ml/kg em 15 minutos. O paciente apresentava choque anafilático. A bradicardia justificou o sulfato de atropina e a lidocaína foi essencial para a normalização do ritmo cardíaco. Além disso, a fluidoterapia proporcionou normoesfigmia e a lavagem oral com água e o carvão ativado auxiliaram na redução da absorção da toxina. Obteve-se a resolução do quadro clínico em 3 horas. A sintomatologia é explicada pela ação das aminas biogênicas e os esteroides contidos nos venenos. O manejo da hemodinâmica e do choque foram essenciais para a resolução do quadro. Portanto, o conhecimento prévio sobre intercorrências em intoxicações por bufotoxina em cães é primordial para a escolha de uma melhor abordagem terapêutica para os pacientes.
Identificación y comparación del nivel de sexismo presente en padres de familia de dos ciudades colombianas (San Gil y Cúcuta)
Authors: Paula Álvarez Monsalve María , Marcela Ardila Martínez Viviana , Felipe Macías Pelayo Andrés 
Published: May 2023

Este trabajo describe el proceso investigativo realizado cuyo objetivo es identificar y comparar el nivel de sexismo ambivalente presente en padres de familia de dos ciudades Colombianas, considerando que “la familia cumple una función esencial en el desarrollo de la persona humana, desde su concepción hasta la muerte, porque es el lugar donde se forma la personalidad, en todos sus aspectos” (Fundación Chile Unido, 2002, p. 1) y entendiendo el sexismo según Sau V (2002), como un conjunto de todos y cada uno de los métodos empleados para poder mantener en situación de inferioridad, subordinación y explotación al otro sexo. La investigación responde a una metodología de tipo cuantitativo descriptivo y comparativo, el instrumento utilizado fue el Inventario de Sexismo Ambivalente (ASI) de Glick y Fiske (1996), quienes son los creadores de la teoría y adaptado por Expósito (1998); a partir de la aplicación del instrumento, se identifica un leve predominio en las puntuaciones hacia el sexismo benévolo sobre el hostil.
Malária e a eficácia diagnóstica para o controle da doença
Authors: Carvalho Crislene Costa , De Oliveira Greiciele Lima , Antunes Ygor Riquelme 
Published: May 2023

Introdução: Este trabalho pretendeu relatar e demonstrar como funciona a malária dentro do organismo da vítima, sendo que esta consiste em uma patologia grave e infecciosa que causa febre crítica ao hospedeiro causada através de protozoários do gênero Plasmodium que precisam se estabelecer dentro das células (eritrócitos) para realizar seu ciclo biológico. É sabido ainda que existem quatros espécies deste protozoário que podem causar infecção aos seres humanos. São eles: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae e P. ovale, e que seu principal vetor é o mosquito fêmea do gênero Anopheles. Objetivo: Sabendo disso, a presente proposta de pesquisa teve por objetivo demonstrar a importância do diagnóstico precoce enquanto pilar da saúde publica para o controle da malária, buscando assim esclarecer os diagnósticos que podem ser realizados para poder maximizar as chances de controle desta patologia, bem como seu tratamento. Metodologia: Este projeto buscou relatar uma abordagem com características qualitativa-exploratória-descritiva, usando dados e informações disponíveis na Bibliotecas e Periódicos da CAPES, Revistas Virtuais da SciELO e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), também em base de dados indexadas – de Farmácia além de acervo próprio e outras obras bibliográficas encontradas na internet. Resultados: Com estas informações adquiridas foi possível demonstrar como os profissionais que atuam na assistência de saúde podem exercer melhor suas funções de forma mais abrangente frente ao enfrentamento da malária com vistas à ampliação do cuidado à saúde através dos diagnósticos e que deste modo possa haver uma contribuição para que se melhore o conhecimento e tenha processos cada vez mais estruturados e fluidos. Considerações Finais: Contudo, tendo como embasamento estes conhecimentos sobre as ações de funcionamento da malária e seus agentes, uma realização de ações farmacêuticas foi buscada para que se visassem através do diagnostico uma prevenção mais estabelecida, de modo que isso pudesse cumprir as metas definidas obtendo assim uma melhor compreensão a respeito do tema abordado, contribuindo assim para uma melhor aplicabilidade de destes processos neste contexto tão importante para os fármacos que atuam neste segmento.
A közép- és kelet-európai tatárjárások történetéhez
Authors: Apatóczky Ákos Bertalan 
Published: May 2023

Apatóczky Ákos Bertalan recenziója a The Routledge Handbook of the Mongols and Central-Eastern Europe című kötetről (szerk: Alexander V. Maiorov és Roman Hautala, Oxon – New York, Routledge, 2021).
A wu 巫 („sámán”) karakter jelentésének változása a Shang-dinasztiától a Han-dinasztiáig
Authors: Olajos István 
Published: May 2023

A jelen kutatás célja, hogy a wu 巫 írásjegy vizsgálatán keresztül átfogóbb képet kapjunk e vallási tevékenységet végző személy alakjáról, melyet gyakran a szibériai sámán személyével állítanak párhuzamba. Magáról a sámánról és a wuról, illetve tevékenységeik analógiájáról igen gazdag kutatási anyag áll rendelkezésre, a két fogalom rokonítása pedig gyakran képezi heves viták tárgyát a szakértők körében. A jelen írás ugyanakkor nem kíván állást foglalni ezen vélemények kusza sokasága között és a wu írásjegyet a szibériai sámán archetípustól függetlenül, a régi Kína ránk maradt írásos emlékei alapján definiálja. A wu írásjegyet tehát a sokkal ritkábban alkalmazott etimológiai vizsgálatnak vetem alá, mely során kronologikusan elemzem az írásjegy kontextuális és alaki jellemzőit, a jóslócsont-feliratoktól (jiaguwen 甲骨文) kezdve a Shuowen jiezi 說文解字 wuról szóló szócikkével bezárólag. A különböző korokból származó szövegek alapján megállapítható, hogy éles különbség mutatkozik a jóslócsont-feliratokon szereplő wu írásjegy jelentése és a Zhou-kori 周代 (i. e. 1046 – i. e. 256-ig) szövegek wuja között. Az előbbinél legtöbbször nem is egy személyt jelöl az írásjegy, vagy ha mégis, akkor egy igen alacsony státuszú illetőt. Ezzel szemben a Zhou-kori szövegek a wukat gyakran magasrangú hivatalnokokként ábrázolják, illetve a Zhou-kor előrehaladtával a wut egyre inkább a halállal, katasztrófákkal és démonokkal gazdag szövegekben említik. A két korszak szemantikai szempontból eltérő wu-értelmezését a Shuowen kapcsolja össze, amely – bár meglehetősen homályosan fogalmazva – az írásjegy eredetét a szellemeket lecsábító táncosnők alakjára vezeti vissza, ugyanakkor egyfajta ácseszközként – tehát nem személyként – is hivatkozik a wura. A jelen kutatás az írásjegy jelentésének ezen korszakonként eltérő értelmezéseit követi végig és köti össze, valamint a Shuowen etimológiai utalásaiból kiindulva fejti vissza az írásjegy kialakulásának lehetséges állomásait, hogy ezáltal adjon még átfogóbb képet a régi Kína e meglehetősen egyedi vallási tevékenységet végző személyéről, a wuról.
183 GHz Water Megamasers in Active Galactic Nuclei: A New Accretion Disk Tracer
Authors: Pesce Dominic W. , Braatz James A. , Henkel Christian , Humphreys Elizabeth M. L. , Impellizzeri C. M. Violette , Kuo Cheng-Yu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We present the results of an Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array survey to identify 183 GHz H2O maser emission from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) already known to host 22 GHz megamaser systems. Out of 20 sources observed, we detect significant 183 GHz maser emission from 13; this survey thus increases the number of AGN known to host (sub)millimeter megamasers by a factor of 5. We find that the 183 GHz emission is systematically fainter than the 22 GHz emission from the same targets, with typical flux densities being roughly an order of magnitude lower at 183 GHz than at 22 GHz. However, the isotropic luminosities of the detected 183 GHz sources are comparable to their 22 GHz values. For two of our sources—ESO 269-G012 and the Circinus galaxy—we detect rich 183 GHz spectral structure containing multiple line complexes. The 183 GHz spectrum of ESO 269-G012 exhibits the triple-peaked structure characteristic of an edge-on AGN disk system. The Circinus galaxy contains the strongest 183 GHz emission detected in our sample, peaking at a flux density of nearly 5 Jy. The high signal-to-noise ratios achieved by these strong lines enable a coarse mapping of the 183 GHz maser system, in which the masers appear to be distributed similarly to those seen in VLBI maps of the 22 GHz system in the same galaxy and may be tracing the circumnuclear accretion disk at larger orbital radii than the 22 GHz masers. This newly identified population of AGN disk megamasers presents a motivation for developing VLBI capabilities at 183 GHz.
Constraints on the Epoch of Reionization with Roman Space Telescope and the Void Probability Function of Lyα Emitters
Authors: Perez Lucia A. , Malhotra Sangeeta , Rhoads James E. , Wold Isak G. B. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We use large simulations of Lyα emitters with different fractions of ionized intergalactic medium to quantify the clustering of Lyα emitters as measured by the void probability function (VPF), and how it evolves under different ionization scenarios. We quantify how well we might be able to distinguish between these scenarios with a deep spectroscopic survey using the future Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. Because Roman will be able to carry out blind spectroscopic surveys of Lyα emitters continuously between 7 < z < 12 to sensitivities of at least 10−17 erg s−1 over a wide field of view, it can measure the epoch of reionization as well as the pace of ionization of the intergalactic medium (IGM). We compare deep Roman surveys covering roughly 1, 4, and 16 deg2, and quantify what constraints on reionization the VPF may find for these surveys. A survey of 1 deg2 would distinguish between very late reionization and early reionization to 3σ near z = 7.7 with the VPF. The VPF of a 4 deg2 survey can distinguish between slow versus fast, as well as early versus late, reionization at >3σ–4σ at several redshifts between 7 < z < 9. However, a survey of 13–16 deg2 would allow the VPF to give several robust constraints (>5–8σ) across the epoch of reionization, and would yield a detailed history of the reionization of the IGM and its effect on Lyα emitter clustering.
Lunar Laser Ranging Retroreflectors: Velocity Aberration and Diffraction Pattern
Authors: Williams James G. , Porcelli Luca , Dell’Agnello Simone , Mauro Lorenza , Muccino Marco , Currie Douglas G. , Wellnitz Dennis , Wu Chensheng , Boggs Dale H. , Johnson Nathan H. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) retroreflector arrays have been on the Moon for half a century. During that time, the laser range uncertainty has improved by a factor of 100. Consequently, the science results have also improved by orders of magnitude. New retroreflectors are scheduled to go to the Moon on Commercial Lander Payload Services missions and the Lunar Geophysical Network mission. The new retroreflectors are single 10 cm corner cube retroreflectors that will not spread the laser pulse during reflection like the existing arrays do. Due to the orbital and Earth rotational speeds, there is a velocity aberration of 0.″8–1.″5 for existing stations. Larger corner cubes require attention to ensure that the spread of possible velocity aberration displacements is optimally contained within the diffraction pattern. The diffraction pattern can be changed by making one or more of the rear dihedral angles slightly different from 90°. Improvements in the equipment at the LLR stations and improvements in the data analysis software are also desirable. Future possibilities are described.
Awareness, detection and management of new and emerging tree pests and pathogens in Europe: stakeholders’ perspectives
Authors: Green Samantha , Dehnen-Schmutz Katharina , Drakulic Jassy , Eschen René , Orazio Christophe , Douma Jacob C. , Lundén Karl , Colombari Fernanda , Jactel Hervé 
Published: May 2023

Emerging and invasive tree pests and pathogens in Europe are increasing in number and range, having impacts on biodiversity, forest services, ecosystems and human well-being. Stakeholders involved in tree and forest management contribute to the detection and management of new and emerging tree pests and pathogens (PnPs). We surveyed different groups of stakeholders in European countries. The stakeholders were mainly researchers, tree health surveyors and forest managers, as well as forest owners, nurseries, policy-makers, advisors, forestry authorities, NGOs and civil society. We investigated which tools they used to detect and manage PnPs, surveyed their current PnP awareness and knowledge and collated the new and emerging PnP species of concern to them. The 237 respondents were based in 15 European countries, with the majority from the United Kingdom, France and the Czech Republic. There was a strong participation of respondents with a work focus on research and surveying, whereas timber traders and plant importers were less represented. Respondents were surveyed on 18 new, emerging PnPs in Europe and listed an additional 37 pest species and 21 pathogen species as potential future threats. We found that species on EPPO’s list of ‘priority pests’ were better known than those not listed. Stakeholders working in urban environments were more aware of PnPs compared to those working in rural areas. Stakeholders’ awareness of PnPs was not related to the number of new, emerging PnP species present in a country.
Stakeholders want access to more detection and management tools, including long-term citizen-science monitoring, maps showing spread and range of new PnPs, pest identification smartphone apps, hand-held detection devices, drone monitoring and eDNA metabarcoding. To help facilitate better forest health across Europe, they called for mixed forest development, reduced nursery stock movement, biosecurity and data sharing amongst organisations. These results indicate that stakeholder knowledge of a few key PnP may be good, but given that the large diversity of threats is so large and future risks unknown, we conclude that multiple and varied methods for generic detection, mitigation and management methods, many in development, are needed in the hands of stakeholders surveying and managing trees and woodlands in Europe.