bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fertility treatment, valuable life projects and social norms: In defence of defending (reproductive) preferences
Authors: Cavaliere Giulia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFertility treatment enables involuntary childless people to have genetically related children, something that, for many, is a valuable life project. In this paper, I respond to two sets of objections that have been raised against expanding state‐funded fertility treatment provision for existing treatments, such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF), and against funding new treatments, such as uterine transplantation (UTx). Following McTernan, I refer to the first set of objections as the ‘one good among many’ objection. It purports that it is unjustifiable for the state to prioritise the funding of the life project of becoming a parent through fertility treatment provision over the funding of other life projects that people might have. Following Lotz, I refer to the second set of objections as the ‘norm‐legitimation’ objection. It maintains that the provision of costly forms of fertility treatment, such as UTx, would legitimise problematic social norms concerning genetic relatedness, reproduction and parenting, and that states should not engage in such a legitimation. In response to these objections, I defend the view that (reproductive) preferences ought to be taken more seriously when discussing fertility treatment provision and parental projects, and that not doing so can be costly, especially for women. The approach defended in this paper seeks to avoid disregarding and policing preferences and to reconcile their fulfilment with political projects aimed at improving the material and social conditions of sub‐fertile people: people who, for social or biological reasons (or an intersection of the two), are unable to reproduce unassisted.
Mechanism of urosepsis: relationship between intrarenal pressures and pyelovenous backflow
Authors: Hong Anne , du Plessis Justin , Browne Cliodhna , Jack Gregory , Bolton Damien 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveTo document the histological changes observed in renal units subjected to elevated intrarenal pressures (IRPs) and postulate the possible mechanisms of infectious complications after ureteroscopy.Materials and MethodsEx vivo studies were performed on porcine renal models. Each ureter was cannulated with a 10‐F dual‐lumen ureteric catheter. A pressure‐sensing wire was inserted through one lumen and with the sensor positioned in the renal pelvis for IRP measurement. Undiluted India ink stain was irrigated through the second lumen. Each renal unit was subjected to ink irrigation at target IRPs of 5 (control), 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 200 mmHg. Three renal units were subjected to each target IRP. After irrigation, each renal unit was processed by a uropathologist. Macroscopically, the amount of renal cortex stained by ink was calculated as a percentage of the total perimeter. Microscopically, presence of ink reflux into collecting ducts or distal convoluted tubules, and pressure‐related features, was noted at each IRP.ResultsSigns of pressure, as represented by collecting duct dilatation, was first observed at 60 mmHg. Ink staining was consistently observed in the distal convoluted tubules at IRPs ≥60 mmHg, and all renal units above this pressure showed renal cortex involvement. At ≥90 mmHg, ink staining was observed in venous structures. At 200 mmHg, ink staining was observed in supportive tissue, venous tributaries in the sinus fat, peritubular capillaries, and glomerular capillaries.ConclusionUsing an ex vivo porcine model, pyelovenous backflow occurred at IRPs of ≥90 mmHg. Pyelotubular backflow occurred when irrigation IRPs were ≥60 mmHg. These findings have implications for the development of complications after flexible intrarenal surgery.
Accuracy and safety of a haptic operated and machine vision controlled collaborative robot for dental implant placement: A translational study
Authors: Qiao Shi‐Chong , Wu Xin‐Yu , Shi Jun‐Yu , Tonetti Maurizio S. , Lai Hong‐Chang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesMultiple generations of medical robots have revolutionized surgery. Their application to dental implants is still in its infancy. Co‐operating robots (cobots) have great potential to improve the accuracy of implant placement, overcoming the limitations of static and dynamic navigation. This study reports the accuracy of robot‐assisted dental implant placement in a preclinical model and further applies the robotic system in a clinical case series.Materials and MethodsIn model analyses, the use of a lock‐on structure at robot arm‐handpiece was tested in resin arch models. In a clinical case series, patients with single missing teeth or edentulous arch were included. Robot‐assisted implant placement was performed. Surgery time was recorded. Implant platform deviation, apex deviation, and angular deviation were measured. Factors influencing implant accuracy were analyzed.ResultsThe in vitro results showed that with a lock‐on structure, the mean (SD) of platform deviation, apex deviation, and angular deviation were 0.37 (0.14) mm, 0.44 (0.17) mm, and 0.75 (0.29)°, respectively. Twenty‐one patients (28 implants) were included in the clinical case series, 2 with arches and 19 with single missing teeth. The median surgery time for single missing teeth was 23 (IQ range 20–25) min. The surgery time for the two edentulous arches was 47 and 70 min. The mean (SD) of platform deviation, apex deviation, and angular deviation was 0.54 (0.17) mm, 0.54 (0.11) mm, and 0.79 (0.22)° for single missing teeth and for 0.53 (0.17) mm, 0.58 (0.17) mm, and 0.77 (0.26)° for an edentulous arch. Implants placed in the mandible had significantly larger apex deviation than those in the maxilla.ConclusionCobot‐assisted dental implant placement showed excellent positional accuracy and safety in both the in vitro study and the clinical case series. More technological development and clinical research are needed to support the introduction of robotic surgery in oral implantology. Trial registered in ChiCTR2100050885.
Daughter cells inherit YAP localization from mother cells in early preimplantation embryos
Authors: Otsuka Tomoaki , Shimojo Hiromi , Sasaki Hiroshi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe first stage of cell differentiation during mouse development is the differentiation into the trophectoderm and inner cell mass, which occurs during the 8–32‐cell stages of preimplantation embryos. This differentiation is regulated by the Hippo signaling pathway. At the 32‐cell stage, embryos establish a position‐dependent distribution of the Hippo pathway coactivator, Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP, encoded by Yap1). The outer and inner cells showed nuclear and cytoplasmic localization of YAP, respectively. However, the process by which embryos establish position‐dependent YAP localization remains elusive. Here, we established a YAP‐reporter mouse line, Yap1mScarlet, and examined YAP–mScarlet protein dynamics during the 8–32‐cell stages using live imaging. During mitosis, YAP–mScarlet diffused throughout the cells. YAP–mScarlet dynamics in daughter cells varied depending on the cell division patterns. YAP–mScarlet localization in daughter cells at the completion of cell division coincided with that in mother cells. Experimental manipulation of YAP–mScarlet localization in mother cells also altered its localization in daughter cells upon completion of cell division. In daughter cells, YAP–mScarlet localization gradually changed to the final pattern. In some divisions during the 8–16‐cell stages, the cytoplasmic YAP–mScarlet localization preceded cell internalization. These results suggest that cell position is not a primary determinant of YAP localization and that the Hippo signaling status of the mother cell is inherited by the daughter cells, which likely contributes to the stabilization of the cell fate specification process beyond cell division.
Spillover benefits of carbon dioxide cap and trade: Evidence from the Toxics Release Inventory
Authors: Pham Linh , Roach Travis 
Published: June 2023

AbstractReducing greenhouse gas emissions is necessary to meet climate goals, but these emissions are not the only harmful bi‐products of fossil‐fuel combustion. This paper shows how a regional cap‐and‐trade program designed to regulate CO2 emissions affects the release of federally‐regulated toxins in the Toxics Release Inventory. We find that the program reduces toxic releases from coal‐fired electric plants by 78%, and that harmful metal releases (e.g., lead, mercury) have fallen by 54%. There is no evidence of spillovers into non‐adopting areas. This unintended beneficial effect of the carbon dioxide cap‐and‐trade policy provides compelling evidence of the co‐abatement of harmful compounds alongside greenhouse gas emissions.
Responses of soil C pools to combined warming and altered precipitation regimes: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wei Xinyu , Van Meerbeek Koenraad , Yue Kai , Ni Xiangyin , Desie Ellen , Heděnec Petr , Yang Jing , Wu Fuzhong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimGlobal warming and altered precipitation substantially affect soil carbon (C) pools and can, in turn, feed back into climate change. However, how soil C pools respond to the combined effects of warming and altered precipitation remains unclear.LocationGlobal.Time period1996–2021.Major taxa studiedSoil organic C pools.MethodA meta‐analysis was performed using 657 observations obtained from 34 published articles that focused on both individual and combined effects of warming and altered precipitation on soil organic C (SOC), dissolved organic C (DOC) and microbial biomass C (MBC) to quantify the responses of soil C pools.ResultsAcross all combined warming and increased precipitation experiments, SOC and MBC increased by an average of 4.0% and 15.4%, respectively. In contrast, warming combined with decreased precipitation led to a substantial decline in SOC and MBC by an average of 8.2% and 12.3%, respectively. The responses of DOC to combined warming and altered precipitation were marginal. The direction and magnitude of the responses to the combined treatment were more similar to those in the individual altered precipitation treatment than to those in the individual warming treatment. Furthermore, these combined effects were substantially influenced by altered precipitation magnitudes. Combined warming and altered precipitation had greater impacts on soil C pools than their individual treatments but were not substantially different from the sum of their respective individual effects, showing overall additive effects. The responses of soil C pools to combined warming and altered precipitation were observed to be more pronounced in grasslands than in forests.Main conclusionThe results demonstrated that altered precipitation regimes often dominated over warming in regulating soil C pools under combined warming and altered precipitation and improved our understanding of soil C cycles under climate change scenarios.
A user‐centered approach to the development of a diet education tool for older adults with tooth loss
Authors: Zelig Rena , Rothpletz‐Puglia Pamela , Hoskin Eileen R. , Singer Steven R. , Jones Veronica M. , Byham‐Gray Laura , Touger‐Decker Riva 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundTooth loss is associated with suboptimal nutrient intake and greater risk of malnutrition.ObjectiveTo develop and field‐test a stakeholder‐informed diet education tool that addresses the unique needs of older adults with tooth loss who do not wear dentures.MethodsAn iterative user‐centered approach was used. Initial content was developed based on findings from previous research. Stakeholder panels of older adults with 20 or fewer teeth, and dentists, were conducted at two time points to obtain feedback on the tool, which was revised following each panel. The tool was field‐tested in a dental school clinic and evaluated using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool; it was further revised based on feedback.ResultsA diet education tool entitled “Eating Healthier With Tooth Loss” was developed. Sections for fruits and vegetables, grains, and proteins food groups, and one addressing socioemotional aspects of eating with missing teeth were included. Panel members provided constructive, positive feedback; recommendations for editing text, images, design, and content were integrated. Field‐testing in the dental clinic with 27 pairs of student dentists and their patients resulted in scores of 95.7% for understandability and 96.6% for actionability, with over 85% agreement with each item. The tool was revised based on field‐testing feedback.ConclusionA diet education tool for older adults with tooth loss was developed using a user‐centered approach, integrating the ‘patient voice’ and patient experiences with US dietary guidelines. Use of this tool is feasible in a dental clinic setting. Future research should explore usage in larger settings.
EFL adolescent learners’ perceptions of digital multimodal composing tasks and task outcomes: A longitudinal study
Authors: Kang Sanghee , Kim YouJin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough the value of digital multimodal composing (DMC) in language learning is being increasingly recognized, longitudinal studies focusing on second language (L2) students’ DMC practices are scarce. To fill the gap, this multi‐case study aimed to explore English as a foreign language adolescent learners’ evolving perceptions of the role of DMC tasks in English learning and the relationship between the quality of DMC task outcomes and learners’ perceptions over 7 months. Eight DMC tasks were implemented in an English composition class, and perceptions and task outcomes of three focal participants were tracked over time. Data were collected from multiple sources, such as a learner background questionnaire, a digital literacy questionnaire, semi‐structured interviews, reflection surveys, and the scores of students’ DMC tasks. Findings indicate that although all three participants acknowledged a beneficial role of DMC practices, each participant's perception exhibited different patterns over time: two kept the similar perceptions (negative and positive for each) and one showed a change in her perceptions (negative to positive). Results suggest that this difference could be attributed to various factors, including perceived level of digital literacy, the ongoing learning experience with DMC tasks, and understanding of multimodality. Regarding the relationship between the quality of DMC outcomes and students’ perceptions, although all three learners tended to perform better on their tasks over time, participants’ attitudes seemed to mediate the quality of DMC products. Pedagogical implications of the study are discussed in light of important considerations when implementing DMC tasks in L2 classrooms.
A cross‐sectional evaluation of the current state of wound healing education in the United Kingdom's undergraduate medical curriculum
Authors: Poacher Arwel T. , Bhachoo Hari , Jones Andrew , Weston Jack , Powell Katharine , Myaat Pan , Morgan‐Jones Rhidian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBetween 2013 and 2018, there has been a 71% increase in the number of patients who have required wound care in the NHS and such large numbers has placed a significant burden on healthcare systems. However, there is currently no evidence as to whether medical students are equipped with the necessary skills to deal with an increasing number of wound care related issues that patients present with. A total of 323 medical students across 18 UK medical schools completed an anonymous questionnaire evaluating the wound education received at their medical school, encompassing the volume, content, format and efficacy of teaching. 68.4% (221/323) of respondents had received some form of wound education during their undergraduate studies. On average students received 2.25 h of structured, preclinical teaching and only 1 h of clinical based teaching in total. All students that received wound education reported undertaking teaching on the physiology of, and factors affecting wound healing, with only 32.2% (n = 104) of students receiving clinically based wound education There was very weak correlation and no significant association in student's ability to assess wounds (R2 = 0.190, p = 0.013), manage wounds (R2 = 0.060, p = 0.37), and prescribe wound care products (R2 = 0.093, p = 0.18) with their stage of training. Students strongly agreed that wound education is an important part of the undergraduate curriculum and post graduate practice, and do not feel their learning needs have been met. This is the first study to assess the provision of wound education in the United Kingdom, demonstrating a clear deficit in the provision of wound education compared to expectation of junior doctors. Wound education is largely overlooked in the medical curriculum, lacks a clinical focus and does not prepare junior doctors with the necessary clinical abilities to deal with wound related pathology. Expert opinion to direct changes to future curriculum and further evaluation of teaching methodology is required to address this deficit and ensure students have the necessary clinical skills to excel as newly graduated doctors.
In silico evaluation of phytochemicals present in Bambusa polymorpha and Citrus limon extracts against Salmonella enteric Typhimurium combined with in vitro antimicrobial and acidic stress responsive studies
Authors: Thomas Rajendran , Singha Songeeta , Bharadwaj Devarshi , Kumar Abinash , Gupta Vivek Kumar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSalmonella enteric serovar Typhimurium is one of the causative agents for non‐typhoidal salmonellosis which is highly associated with the consumption animal products such as eggs, pork, and poultry. Phytochemicals present in plant extracts were reported to improve food safety by inhibiting the growth of foodborne pathogens. Herein, the antimicrobial activities of Citrus limon and Bambusa polymorpha extracts were evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing the log counts of strains of S. Typhimurium inoculated in ground pork. The incorporation of undiluted extracts has resulted in 3.95 and 1.88 log reduction of S. Typhimurium, respectively with 2 h of exposure. Phytochemicals in the extracts that interfere with the activity of outer membrane (OmpA) and efflux pump regulatory proteins (MdfA, RamA) were also identified and interactions were anticipated using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) studies. This study has revealed that the major phytochemicals present in the extracts were viz. phenol‐2‐ethyl, paracresol, 2, 3‐dimethoxybenzoic acid, cyclobarbital, 3‐methylsalicylhydrazide, and 3‐methoxy‐5‐methylphenol. In order to evaluate the drug likeness and toxicity, phytochemicals were screened for their physiochemical and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties. ADMET studies has revealed that the screened phytochemicals with high docking scores had potent anti‐bacterial abilities and could be used in drug design studies to develop natural plant products to preferentially target the outer membrane and efflux pump regulatory proteins of S. Typhimurium, which are critically important for the survival of S. Typhimurium under stress condition.
Homeopathy: A State of the Science Review With Recommendations for Practical Therapies in Midwifery Practice
Authors: Tinney Amy , Rice Elizabeth 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA substantial proportion of adults and children in the United States use complementary and alternative health practices, including homeopathy. Many homeopathic therapies are readily available over the counter, and many individuals access and self‐administer these therapies with little or no guidance from health care practitioners. In addition, patients and health care providers are often confused by terminologies associated with complementary practices and may be unable to distinguish homeopathy from naturopathy, herbalism, holistic medicine, Ayurveda, traditional Chinese medicine, or other forms of health care. Compared with European and Asian countries, education in the United States about complementary and alternative health practices is not typically found within traditional nursing, midwifery, or medical education curricula. Given this lack of education and the broad acceptance and popularity of homeopathy, it is necessary for health care practitioners to improve their knowledge regarding similarities and differences among therapies so they can fully inform and make appropriate recommendations to patients. The intent of this article is therefore to examine the state of existing science of homeopathy, distinguish it from other complementary methods, and provide midwives and women's health care providers with an introduction to common homeopathic therapies that may be recommended and safely used by persons seeking midwifery care. This review also presents the evidence base, pharmacology, manufacturing, and regulation of homeopathic therapies. We also consider controversies and misunderstandings regarding safety and efficacy of homeopathic remedies relevant to women and birthing persons. Examples of practical applications of homeopathic therapies for use in midwifery practice are introduced. Implications for practice and sample guidelines are included.
Lactate as a supplemental fuel for synaptic transmission and neuronal network oscillations: Potentials and limitations
Authors: Kann Oliver 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLactate shuttled from the blood circulation, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes or even activated microglia (resident macrophages) to neurons has been hypothesized to represent a major source of pyruvate compared to what is normally produced endogenously by neuronal glucose metabolism. However, the role of lactate oxidation in fueling neuronal signaling associated with complex cortex function, such as perception, motor activity, and memory formation, is widely unclear. This issue has been experimentally addressed using electrophysiology in hippocampal slice preparations (ex vivo) that permit the induction of different neural network activation states by electrical stimulation, optogenetic tools or receptor ligand application. Collectively, these studies suggest that lactate in the absence of glucose (lactate only) impairs gamma (30–70 Hz) and theta‐gamma oscillations, which feature high energy demand revealed by the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2, set to 100%). The impairment comprises oscillation attenuation or moderate neural bursts (excitation–inhibition imbalance). The bursting is suppressed by elevating the glucose fraction in energy substrate supply. By contrast, lactate can retain certain electric stimulus‐induced neural population responses and intermittent sharp wave‐ripple activity that features lower energy expenditure (CMRO2 of about 65%). Lactate utilization increases the oxygen consumption by about 9% during sharp wave‐ripples reflecting enhanced adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate (ATP) synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Moreover, lactate attenuates neurotransmission in glutamatergic pyramidal cells and fast‐spiking, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons by reducing neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals. By contrast, the generation and propagation of action potentials in the axon is regular. In conclusion, lactate is less effective than glucose and potentially detrimental during neural network rhythms featuring high energetic costs, likely through the lack of some obligatory ATP synthesis by aerobic glycolysis at excitatory and inhibitory synapses. High lactate/glucose ratios might contribute to central fatigue, cognitive impairment, and epileptic seizures partially seen, for instance, during exhaustive physical exercise, hypoglycemia and neuroinflammation.image