bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microscopy based methods for characterization, drug delivery, and understanding the dynamics of nanoparticles
Authors: Gupta Priyamvada , Rai Nilesh , Verma Ashish , Gautam Vibhav 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNanomedicine is an emerging field that exploits nanotechnology for the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic modalities. Researches are been focussed in nanoimaging to develop noninvasive, highly sensitive, and reliable tools for diagnosis and visualization in nanomedical field. The application of nanomedicine in healthcare requires in‐depth understanding of their structural, physical and morphological properties, internalization inside living system, biodistribution and localization, stability, mode of action and possible toxic health effects. Microscopic techniques including fluorescence‐based confocal laser scanning microscopy, super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy and multiphoton microscopy; optical‐based Raman microscopy, photoacoustic microscopy and optical coherence tomography; photothermal microscopy; electron microscopy (transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope); atomic force microscopy; X‐ray microscopy and, correlative multimodal imaging are recognized as an indispensable tool in material research and aided in numerous discoveries. Microscopy holds great promise in detecting the fundamental structures of nanoparticles (NPs) that determines their performance and applications. Moreover, the intricate details that allows assessment of chemical composition, surface topology and interfacial properties, molecular, microstructure, and micromechanical properties are also elucidated. With plethora of applications, microscopy‐based techniques have been used to characterize novel NPs alongwith their proficient designing and adoption of safe strategies to be exploited in nanomedicine. Consequently, microscopic techniques have been extensively used in the characterization of fabricated NPs, and their biomedical application in diagnostics and therapeutics. The present review provides an overview of the microscopy‐based techniques for in vitro and in vivo application in nanomedical investigation alongwith their challenges and advancement to meet the limitations of conventional methods.
Computer‐aided design of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 inhibitors: Promising compounds among trifluoromethyl containing hexahydropyrimidinones/thiones
Authors: Nyporko Alex , Tsymbalyuk Olga , Voiteshenko Ivan , Starosyla Sergiy , Protopopov Mykola , Bdzhola Volodymyr 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe new high selective mAChRs M3 inhibitors with IC50 in nanomolecular ranges, which can be the prototypes for effective COPD and asthma treatment drugs, were discovered with computational approaches among trifluoromethyl containing hexahydropyrimidinones/thiones. Compounds [6‐(4‐ethoxy‐3‐methoxy‐phenyl)‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐thioxo‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)hexahydropyrimidin‐5‐yl]‐phenyl‐methanone (THPT‐1) and 5‐benzoyl‐6‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐4‐hydroxy‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)hexahydropyrimidin‐2‐one (THPO‐4) have been proved to be a highly effective (with IC50 values of 1.62 ⋅ 10−7 M and 3.09 ⋅ 10−9 M, respectively) at the same concentrations significantly competitive inhibit the signal conduction through mAChR3 in comparison with ipratropium bromide, without significant effect on mAChR2, nicotinic cholinergic and adrenergic receptors.
Estimating the differences between inter‐operator contrast enhancement in cerebral CT angiography
Authors: Sugimoto Kohei , Fujiwara Yuta , Oita Masataka , Kuroda Masahiro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundComputed tomography (CT) angiography (CTA) is a non‐invasive imaging method used to detect arteries and examine various brain diseases. When CTA is performed for follow‐up or postoperative evaluation, reproducibility of vessel delineation is required. A reproducible and stable contrast enhancement can be achieved by manipulating the factors affecting it. Previous studies have investigated several factors that alter the contrast enhancement of arteries. However, no reports establishing the effect of different operators on contrast enhancement exist.PurposeTo assess the differences between inter‐operator arterial contrast enhancement in cerebral CTA using Bayesian statistical modeling.MethodsImage data were obtained using a multistage sampling method from the cerebral CTA scans of patients who underwent the process between January 2015 and December 2018. Several Bayesian statistical models were developed, and the objective variable was the mean CT number of the bilateral internal carotid arteries after contrast enhancement. The explanatory variables were sex, age, fractional dose (FD), and the operator's information. The posterior distributions of the parameters were computed via Bayesian inference using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, with the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo method employed as the algorithm. The posterior predictive distributions were computed using the posterior distributions of the parameters. Finally, the differences between inter‐operator arterial contrast enhancement on the CT number in cerebral CTA were estimated.ResultsThe posterior distributions showed that all parameters representing the difference between operators included zero at the 95% credible intervals (CIs). The maximum mean difference between inter‐operator CT number in the posterior predictive distribution was only 12.59 Hounsfield units (HUs).ConclusionsThe Bayesian statistical modeling results suggest that contrast enhancement of cerebral CTA examination between operator‐to‐operator differences in postcontrast CT number was small compared to those within‐operator differences resulting from factors not considered in the model.
Validity and reliability of visual assessment of orofacial muscle ultrasound images using a modified Heckmatt scale
Authors: Lagarde Marloes L. J. , van den Engel‐Hoek Lenie , Geurts Alexander C. H. , van Alfen Nens 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsOrofacial muscle ultrasound images can be evaluated quantitatively or using a visual grading system. Quantitative muscle ultrasound (QMUS) is currently the most sensitive technique to detect pathology, but can be time‐consuming. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of two visual grading systems (the original Heckmatt scale or a modified 3‐point version) for the optimal grading of orofacial muscle images.MethodsA retrospective, comparative, reliability and validity study was performed. Ultrasound images of the digastric, geniohyoid, masseter, temporalis muscles, and intrinsic muscles of the tongue of healthy participants and of patients (suspected of) having a neuromuscular disease were included. QMUS was used as the “gold standard.” Two expert raters and one inexperienced rater rated all ultrasound images using both visual grading systems.ResultsA total of 511 ultrasound images were included. Criterion validity showed Spearman rho correlation coefficients of >0.59. Construct validity analysis showed strong to very strong associations between the visual grading systems and mastication and/or swallowing. Inter‐ and intrarater reliability of the original Heckmatt scale and the modified scale were good and comparable. Rater experience had a beneficial effect on the interrater reliability of both scales.DiscussionBoth the original Heckmatt and the modified Heckmatt scale are valid and reliable tools for the visual grading of orofacial ultrasound images. The modified Heckmatt scale, with only three grades and including an “uncertain” category, is considered easier to use in clinical practice.
Node based compact formulations for the Hamiltonian p‐median problem
Authors: Barbato Michele , Canas Francisco , Gouveia Luís , Pesneau Pierre 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce, study and analyze several classes of compact formulations for the symmetric Hamiltonian ‐median problem (HMP). Given a positive integer and a weighted complete undirected graph with weights on the edges, the HMP on is to find a minimum weight set of elementary cycles partitioning the vertices of . The advantage of developing compact formulations is that they can be readily used in combination with off‐the‐shelf optimization software, unlike other types of formulations possibly involving the use of exponentially sized sets of variables or constraints. The main part of the paper focuses on compact formulations for eliminating solutions with less than cycles. Such formulations are less well known and studied than formulations which prevent solutions with more than cycles. The proposed formulations are based on a common motivation, that is, the formulations contain variables that assign labels to nodes, and prevent less than cycles by stating that different depots must have different labels and that nodes in the same cycle must have the same label. We introduce and study aggregated formulations (which consider integer variables that represent the label of the node) and disaggregated formulations (which consider binary variables that assign each node to a given label). The aggregated models are new. The disaggregated formulations are not, although in all of them new enhancements have been included to make them more competitive with the aggregated models. The two main conclusions of this study are: (i) in the context of compact formulations, it is worth looking at the models with integer node variables, which have a smaller size. Despite their weaker LP relaxation bounds, the fewer variables and constraints lead to faster integer resolution, especially when solving instances with more than 50 nodes; (ii) the best of our compact models exhibit a performance that, overall, is comparable to that of the best methods known for the HMP (including branch‐and‐cut algorithms), solving to optimality instances with up to 226 nodes within 1 h. This corroborates our message that the knowledge of the inequalities for preventing less than cycles is much less well understood.
A new method to interpolate POD reduced bases–Application to the parametric model order reduction of a gas bearings supported rotor
Authors: Goutaudier Dimitri , Nobile Fabio , Schiffmann Jürg 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThe proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is successfully employed in a variety of projection‐based methods for parametric model order reduction (pMOR) of large dynamical systems. It extracts the most energetic modes describing the dynamics of a system from time snapshots of the solution. In practice, these snapshots are computed at user‐defined parameters of the system with a high fidelity model. Then either all the snapshots are concatenated to extract a global POD basis, or a different POD basis is extracted for each parameter value. In the latter case, for unseen target parameters, the POD bases need to be adapted with a dedicated technique. An established method addressing this task is the interpolation on the tangent space to the Grassmann manifold (ITSGM). It interpolates the linear subspaces spanned by the known POD bases, discarding by construction the knowledge on the modes ordering by energy levels. In this paper, we formalize an ordered reduced basis interpolation (ORBI) technique which preserves such ordering. This approach improves the adaptation accuracy of the resulting POD basis as more information is taken into account in the construction of the interpolation operator. Numerical investigations are conducted on the parametric reduced order model of a dynamical system representing a small‐scale gas‐bearings supported rotor. Results show that the proposed method is more accurate than the ITSGM method at a similar computation cost. Trained at only three points of the parameters space, the developed hyper reduced order model (h‐ROM) performs to faster simulations with satisfactory accuracy, even far from the training points.
Nurses' preparedness to respond to COVID‐19 and associated factors after the outbreak in China
Authors: Han Jing , Liu Yuping , Gu Feng , Li Jinmei , Wang Dan , Zhang Yao , Tang Ruijin , Zhang Li 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimNurses are key staff in the response to the COVID‐19 epidemic. The aim of present study was to assess Chinese clinical nurses' preparedness levels for COVID‐19 after the outbreak, as well as the associated demographic factors.DesignThe design was a cross‐sectional survey.MethodsWe distributed an online questionnaire to nurses from five eastern coastal area hospitals. The questionnaire collected demographic information, and included the nurses' preparedness to respond to COVID‐19 questionnaire (NPR COVID‐19).ResultsThe total mean NPR COVID‐19 score was 200.99 (standard deviation = 33.60), and the psychological approaches subscale had the lowest mean score. Education and training were positively associated with the NPR COVID‐19 score. Nurses' characteristics, such as seniority, job category and educational level, were entered into the NPR COVID‐19 regression model, and seniority (≤5 years) showed the strongest negative association with NPR COVID‐19 scores (standard coefficient = −0.20).ConclusionsChinese nurse's preparedness to respond to COVID‐19 was adequate. Nurses with less than 5 years of work experience, nursing researchers and diploma‐educated nurses reported feeling a low preparedness to respond to COVID‐19. These nurses should receive specific training.
Association between Social Determinants of Health and Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Gutierrez Jorge A. , Durrant Frederick G. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Chapurin Nikita , Schlosser Rodney J. , Soler Zachary M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveSome previous studies have shown an increased prevalence of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) among young, black patients with poor access to health care; however, results have been mixed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social determinants of health and AFRS.Data SourcesPubMed, Scopus, CINAHL.Review MethodsA systematic review was performed searching for articles published from date of inception to September 29, 2022. English language articles describing the relationship   between social determinants of health (i.e., race, insurance status) and AFRS as compared to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) were selected for inclusion. A Meta‐analysis of proportions with comparison (Δ) of weighted proportions was conducted.ResultsA total of 21 articles with 1605 patients were selected for inclusion. The proportion of   black patients among AFRS, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) groups was 58.0% [45.3%‐70.1%], 23.8% [14.1%‐35.2%], and 13.0% [5.1%‐24.0%], respectively. This was significantly higher among the AFRS population compared to both the CRSwNP population (Δ34.2% [28.4%‐39.6%], p < .0001) and the CRSsNP population (Δ44.9% [38.4%‐50.6%], p < .0001). The proportion of patients who were either uninsured or covered by Medicaid among the AFRS, CRSwNP, and CRSsNP populations was 31.5% [25.4%‐38.1%], 8.6% [0.7%‐23.8%], and 5.0% [0.3%‐14.8%], respectively. This was significantly higher among the AFRS group than the CRSwNP group (Δ22.9% [15.3%‐31.1%], p < .0001) and the CRSsNP group (Δ26.5% [19.1%‐33.4%], p < .0001).ConclusionThis study confirms that AFRS patients are more likely to be Black and either uninsured or on subsidized insurance than their CRS counterparts.
Shoulder structures and strength in competitive preadolescent swimmers: A longitudinal ultrasonographic study
Authors: Özçadırcı Aykut , Doğan Yahya , Öztürk Ferhat , Cinemre Şükrü Alpan , Coşkun Gürsoy , Özçakar Levent 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundRepetitive shoulder movements during competitive training may cause changes in the strength of periarticular shoulder structures in preadolescent swimmers.ObjectiveTo prospectively determine the effects of training on shoulder periarticular structures and muscle strength in preadolescent swimmers.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingCommunity‐based natatorium.ParticipantsTwenty‐four preadolescent swimmers aged 10–12 years.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresMeasurements were repeated in three periods as preseason, midseason, and postseason. Ultrasonographic measurements (supraspinatus tendon thickness, humeral head cartilage thickness, deltoid muscle thickness, and acromiohumeral distance) were performed using a portable device and a linear probe. Shoulder (flexion, extension, abduction, internal and external rotation) and back (serratus anterior, lower, and middle trapezius) isometric muscle strength were measured with a handheld dynamometer.ResultsSupraspinatus tendon thickness and acromiohumeral distance were similar in all periods (all p > .05); however, deltoid muscle and humeral head cartilage thicknesses increased throughout the season (p = .002, p = .008, respectively). Likewise, whereas shoulder muscle strength increased (all p < .05), back muscle strength was similar in all periods (all p > .05).ConclusionsIn preadolescent swimmers, acromiohumeral distance and supraspinatus tendon thickness seem to not change; but humeral head cartilage and deltoid muscle thicknesses as well as shoulder muscle strength increase throughout the season.
Introduction to special issue: Value, values, and anthropology
Authors: Souleles Daniel Scott , Archer Matthew , Thaning Morten Sørensen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAnthropologists have spent tremendous effort developing value theory. We might generally understand value theory as a form of social theory concerned with what groups of people find important or worthwhile in life; how those groups of people, via their relationships, identify, seek, and create that which is valuable; how ideas of value and worth inhere in people and things; and how those people and things then circulate and meet other universes of value. This introduction specifically, and this special issue more generally, seeks to build on this bedrock conception of value theory to offer a series of implications and considerations one should take on board when thinking about value. We suggest that these considerations will allow social researchers to more ably understand the pressing issues that motivate their investigations.
In‐situ Electrochemical Strategy for Preparing Concentrated Electrolytes in Inorganic Mineral Frameworks by Exhausting Solvent Molecules
Authors: Kang Hongfei , Li Yan , Long Jifa , Huang Suping , Xiao Qi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConcentrated electrolytes are attracting attention because of superior electrochemical stability. A typical method to prepare concentrated electrolytes is by adding additional expensive lithium salts to the diluent electrolytes. Herein, a novel quasi‐solid electrolyte, “concentrated electrolyte‐in‐mineral frameworks” (CEIMF), was prepared by in‐situ exhausting solvent molecules. The obtained electrolyte showed an outstanding lithium‐ion transference number of 0.936 and Li‐ion conductivity of 3.85×10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature, and exhibited excellent electrochemical stability (corresponding to the oxidation voltage of 5.2 V). The LiFePO4//Li cells assembled with CEIMF displayed superior long‐term cycle stability with an initial discharge specific capacity of 92.7 mA h g−1 and capacity retention of 72.4 % after 1100 cycles at 1 C. In addition, the cycle performance of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2//Li batteries was improved by the use of CEIMF as electrolytes. This work provides a novel in‐situ strategy to construct hybrid electrolytes for advanced lithium‐ion batteries.
Core–Shell Tandem Catalysis Coupled with Interface Engineering For High‐Performance Room‐Temperature Na–S Batteries
Authors: Fang Daliang , Ghosh Tanmay , Huang Shaozhuan , Wang Ye , Qiu Jianbei , Xu Xuhui , Yang Hui Ying 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe sluggish redox kinetics and shuttle effect seriously impede the large application of room‐temperature sodium–sulfur (RT Na–S) batteries. Designing effective catalysts into cathode material is a promising approach to overcome the above issues. However, considering the multistep and multiphase transformations of sulfur redox process, it is impractical to achieve the effective catalysis of the entire S8→Na2Sx→Na2S conversion through applying a single catalyst. Herein, this work fabricates a nitrogen‐doped core–shell carbon nanosphere integrated with two different catalysts (ZnS‐NC@Ni‐N4), where isolated Ni–N4 sites and ZnS nanocrystals are distributed in the shell and core, respectively. ZnS nanocrystals ensure the rapid reduction of S8 into Na2Sx (4 < x ≤ 8), while Ni–N4 sites realize the efficient conversion of Na2Sx into Na2S, bridged by the diffusion of Na2Sx from the core to shell. Besides, Ni–N4 sites on the shell can also induce an inorganic‐rich cathode–electrolyte interface (CEI) on ZnS‐NC@Ni‐N4 to further inhibit the shuttle effect. As a result, ZnS‐NC@Ni‐N4/S cathode exhibits an excellent rate‐performance (650 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1) and ultralong cycling stability for 2000 cycles with a low capacity‐decay rate of 0.011% per cycle. This work will guide the rational design of multicatalysts for high‐performance RT Na–S batteries.
Localized Electron Density Regulation Effect for Promoting Solid–Liquid Ion Adsorption to Enhance Areal Capacitance of Micro‐Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhao Zhiwei , Wang Zixi , Yu Yingsong , Hu Yi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe development of flexible microelectronic systems requires the construction of high‐energy‐output planar micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs). Herein, the localized electron density, by introducing graphene quantum dots (GQDs) on the surface of electrodes, is regulated. The enhanced local field intensity promotes ion electrostatic adsorption at the solid–liquid interface, which significantly improves the energy density of MSCs in the confined space. Local electronic structure has been investigated from the perspective of the topological analysis of the electron localization function (ELF) and the electron density. Impressively, the edges of the simulated structure exhibit a higher electron density distribution than the CC skeleton. This finding indicates that the introduced GQDs reinforce the intrinsic electrical double‐layer capacitance (EDLC) and the oxygen‐bearing functional groups at the edge, further increasing the pseudocapacitance performance. Moreover, the edge electron aggregation effect enables the all‐carbon‐based symmetric MSCs to exhibit ultra‐high areal capacitance (21.78 mF cm−2) and excellent cycle stability (86.74% retention after 25 000 cycles). This novel surface local charge regulation strategy is also applied for intensifying ion electrostatic adsorption on Zn‐ion hybrid MSCs (polyvalent metal ions) and ion‐gel electrolyte MSCs (non‐metallic ions). With excellent planar integration, this device demonstrates excellent flexibility and has potential applications in timing and environmental monitoring.