bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activity of Mg0.33Ni0.33Co0.33GdxFe2‐xO4 Nanoparticles Synthesized via the Co‐precipitation Method
Authors: Rabaa Mariam , Mezher Malak , Aridi Amani , Naoufal Daoud , Khalil Mahmoud , Awad Ramadan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study reports the synthesis of Mg0.33Ni0.33Co0.33GdxFe2‐xO4 nanoparticles (NPs) with 0.00≤x≤0.08 by the co‐precipitation method. The structural and optical properties of NPs are investigated. As Gd content increases, the lattice parameter and the bandgap energy increase whereas the particle size decreases. The photocatalytic performance of NPs is evaluated in the degradation of methyl violet (MV) dye under sunlight irradiation. The best activity is exhibited by Mg0.33Ni0.33Co0.33GdxFe2‐xO4 where x=0.04. The rate of the photodegradation reaction is boosted by increasing the pH and temperature. 95.4 % of MV is degraded after 240 min upon the addition of 5 wt. % carbon dot. The NPs are tested against Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium) and Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Leclercia adecarboxylata) isolated from wastewater. The antibacterial activity was tested by the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration broth microdilution assay, agar well diffusion assay and time‐kill test. The results show that the NPs exhibit inhibitory activity against Gram‐positive bacteria. Furthermore, NPs show bacteriostatic activity after 3 hours of incubation. The antibiofilm activity of the NPs is tested by the inhibition of biofilm formation and the destruction of pre‐formed biofilm assays. The results show an inhibitory activity of the NPs against Gram‐positive biofilms.
Celecoxib Derivatives Containing Pyrazole Linked‐Sulfonamide Moiety: Carbonic Anhydrase I–II and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Profiles, Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Gerni Serpil , Ozturk Cansu , Almaz Zuleyha , Bayrak Cetin , Tan Ayse 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHeterocyclic pyrazole compounds have cytotoxic, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory properties, as well as their derivatives containing sulfonamide moiety, show superior effects on inhibiting various enzymes. Pre‐synthesized celecoxib‐derived compounds were studied for their inhibitory effects on human carbonic anhydrase (hCA I and hCA II) isoforms and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The compound containing 2,3 dimethoxyphenyl functional groups from the celecoxib derivative containing this sulfonamide moiety showed a strong inhibitory effect with Ki values at 21.70±2.50 nM, 4.70±2.20 nM, and 4.58±0.80 nM for hCA I, hCA II, and AChE, respectively. In addition, these compounds were evaluated against acetazolamide (AZA) and tacrine (TAC), which are used as standard inhibitors for the studied enzymes. The compound obtained as a result of the reaction of pyrazole compounds with propionic anhydride and showing the best inhibition effect had higher inhibitory activity than the standard inhibitors we used. In addition, molecular docking analyses to the strongest inhibitor were performed to identify possible binding mechanisms with the active sites of all three enzymes. Based on both in vitro and molecular docking analysis results, this compound was determined as a potential inhibitor of AChE, hCA I, and hCA II isoenzymes.
Polyethylene Glycol as a Green Medium for the Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Guanamines
Authors: Lim Han Yin , Dolzhenko Anton V. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe hazardous, toxic, and flammable solvents, methyl and ethyl cellosolves (2‐methoxy‐ and 2‐ethoxyethanols), are typically used as media for the synthesis of guanamines (1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamines). We found that these problematic solvents can be efficiently replaced by a green alternative, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400). The reaction efficiency in PEG 400 media was further improved by applying focused microwave irradiation. The method scope is illustrated by the preparation of twenty diverse 1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamines.
Re‐establishing the Lost Covalency of the Inverted Bond in [1.1.1]Propellane
Authors: Sultana Nargish , Guha Ankur Kanti 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe nature of the bridging C−C bond in [1.1.1]propellane has been a topic of much debate, and finally it has been established to be a charge‐shift bond. But the question remains: Can we restore the “lost” covalency of this charge shift bond? Herein we have attempted to investigate the nature of the bridging C−C bond, by replacing the CH2 groups at the wing positions with NH, O, and S. Detailed analyses using atoms in molecules (AIM) and electron localization function (ELF) reveal that the bridging bond emerges as a covalent bond upon substitution with S.
Orthogonal Design of Experiments for Engineering of Lipid Nanoparticles for mRNA Delivery to the Placenta
Authors: Safford Hannah C. , Swingle Kelsey L. , Geisler Hannah C. , Hamilton Alex G. , Thatte Ajay S. , Ghalsasi Aditi A. , Billingsley Margaret M. , Alameh Mohamad‐Gabriel , Weissman Drew , Mitchell Michael J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDuring healthy pregnancy, the placenta develops to allow for exchange of nutrients and oxygen between the mother and the fetus. However, placental dysregulation can lead to several pregnancy disorders, such as preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Recently, lipid nanoparticle (LNP)‐mediated delivery of messenger RNA (mRNA) has been explored as a promising approach to treat these disorders. Here, iterative libraries of LNPs with varied excipient molar ratios are screened in vitro for enhanced mRNA delivery to placental cells with minimal cytotoxicity when compared to an LNP formulation with a standard excipient molar ratio. LNP C5, the top formulation identified by these screens, demonstrates a fourfold increase in mRNA delivery in vitro compared to the standard formulation. Intravenous administration of LNP C5 to pregnant mice achieves improved in vivo placental mRNA delivery compared to the standard formulation and mediates mRNA delivery to placental trophoblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells. These results identify LNP C5 as a promising optimized LNP formulation for placental mRNA delivery and further validates the design of experiments strategy for LNP excipient optimization to enhance mRNA delivery to cell types and organs of interest.
A comprehensive security and performance assessment of UAV authentication schemes
Authors: Mekdad Yassine , Aris Ahmet , Acar Abbas , Conti Mauro , Lazzeretti Riccardo , Fergougui Abdeslam El , Uluagac Selcuk 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the past few years, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have significantly gained attention and popularity from industry, government, and academia. With their rapid development and deployment into the civilian airspace, UAVs play an important role in different applications, including goods delivery, search‐and‐rescue, and traffic monitoring. Therefore, providing secure communication through authentication models for UAVs is necessary for a successful and reliable flight mission. To satisfy such requirements, numerous authentication mechanisms have been proposed in the literature. However, the literature lacks a comprehensive study evaluating the security and performance of these solutions. In this article, we analyze the security and performance of 27 recent UAV authentication works by considering ten different key metrics. First, in the performance analysis, we show that the majority of UAV authentication schemes are lightweight in their communication cost. However, the storage overhead or the energy consumption is not reported by many authentication studies. Then, we reveal in the security analysis the widely employed formal models (i.e., abstract description of an authentication protocol through a mathematical model), while most of the studies lack coverage of many attacks that can target UAV systems. Afterwards, we highlight the challenges that need to be addressed in order to design and implement secure and reliable UAV authentication schemes. Finally, we summarize the lessons learned on the authentication strategies for UAVs to motivate promising direction for further research.
“Health promotion governance”: A framework for operationalizing the Ottawa charter mechanisms in health system governance
Authors: Saadati Fatemeh , Nadrian Haidar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAccording to the Geneva Charter for well‐being, health is a political choice and governments have crucial roles in providing the prerequisites of health and well‐being for people in societies. To initiate the creation of sustainable well‐being in societies, the health systems of all countries must be governed by a health promotion approach. To propose a “health promotion governance framework,” we apply the concepts of good governance and the Ottawa Charter strategies/action areas to health system governance. To implement the good governance components within health systems, policymakers need to apply the three Ottawa Charter's strategies. Applying these strategies, the policymakers will be led to perform the five mechanisms through community‐based interventions for health promotion. As a result, they will achieve a health system with “health‐promoting governance.” Such a system can act so effective, efficient, equitable, and inclusive that it brings about better health outcomes. In this way, the proposed “health promotion governance framework” might be helpful in giving reality to the governance of health promotion in health systems, which is the first step in creating sustainable well‐being in societies.
Differentiating research from management in welfare review of wildlife activities
Authors: Thompson Tracy A. , Galloway Nathan L. , Verant Michelle , Cafaro Philip J. , Wild Margaret A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA common understanding and clear process to apply the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) to wildlife‐related activities is crucial to promote animal welfare when conducting wildlife research and for streamlining review by an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). Current interpretation of the AWA and United States government policies advise that wildlife research activities be reviewed for compliance by an IACUC; however, guidance regarding which wildlife activities are categorized as research and therefore subject to review and oversight is limited. In our opinion and experience, this lack of clarity creates a challenge, particularly for natural resource agencies that conduct a range of wildlife activities, to ensure that research is properly identified for IACUC review and differentiated from management activities that are exempt from review. To fill the gap in current guidance, we propose a decision‐making model that clarifies research and management activities. We apply our model to case studies involving wildlife to highlight nuanced differences between the 2 types of activities. Wildlife agencies conducting potentially regulated activities could use this adaptable model, which has been successfully employed by the National Park Service IACUC, to clarify when the AWA might apply, streamline IACUC reviews, and promote welfare of wildlife.
Geospatial data and web based tools for managing irrigation infrastructure expansion projects
Authors: Issac Annie Maria , Harshitha M S , Lakshmi Thatiparthi Vijay , Hagare Dharmappa , Maheshwari Basant , Reynolds Jason K. , Rao Lakshminarayana , Tuppad Pushpa , Prasad Shiva , Ynag Shuqing , Sivakumar Muttucumaru 
Published: August 2023

AbstractImproving irrigation infrastructure is important for sustaining food security in developing countries like India. The irrigation potential of a system is estimated at the planning phase using conventional approaches. A mismatch in the irrigation potential planned to be created and the land suitable for cultivation can lead to a gap in the irrigation potential created and utilized, making the scheme unrealistic and uneconomical. This study aims to use geospatial data and geographic information system (GIS) tools to identify land suitable for cultivation when planning an irrigation system. This study was conducted in Telangana State in India, where the projected irrigation potential creation was 5 million ha (Mha). It was observed that the total land suitable for cultivation in the state, considering the soil's topography, and physical and chemical characteristics, is about 6 Mha. Time series of average monthly Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) over a 10‐year period was used to identify the critical blocks. The study illustrates how the geospatial data derived from remote sensing and recent GIS tools can aid managers in planning, implementing, and monitoring irrigation projects. The study also demonstrates how long‐term satellite information can be used for regional prioritizationprioritisation for constructing irrigation infrastructure and postconstruction impact assessment. This study was conducted as part of the Young Water Professions (YWP) Training program, which allowed the participants to develop professional competencies and implement their learning in real‐world situations.
Factors Influencing Trust and Use of Recommendation AI: A Case Study of Diet Improvement AI in Japan
Authors: Ema Arisa , Suyama Takashi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo use AI systems that are trustworthy, it is necessary to consider not only AI technologies, but also a model that takes into account factors such as guidelines, assurance through audits and standards and user interface design. In this paper, we conducted a questionnaire survey focusing on (1) AI intervention, (2) data management, and (3) purpose of use. The survey was conducted on a case study of an AI service for dietary habit improvement recommendations among Japanese people. The results suggest that how the form of communication between humans and AI is designed may affect whether users trust and use AI.
Ethics of E-Learning Recommender Systems: Epistemic Positioning and Ideological Orientation
Authors: Roux Lisa , Nodenot Thierry 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecommender systems are increasingly used in e-learning to provide users with personalized services and advice. Depending on the specific context for which the system is implemented (e.g., homework on a specific subject for university students, new training courses for life-long learners), the objectives and proposed items, the chosen recommendation techniques, the features that are considered, the way the recommendations are presented to the users are closely related to the designers’ perception of learners and knowledge. The various approaches reflect different epistemic and ethical viewpoints; for example, representing people using fixed models is easier to process, diagnose, predict and explain, but presents a partial view of reality and obscures the fact that they are complex and evolving individuals. Similarly, some filtering methods can restrict the view of available courses to items considered similar to those that the learner has already followed, thus promoting specialization rather than diversification and openness. This aspect is closely related to fundamental issues involved in the theory of knowledge, questioning the notions of utility and purposes of science, as well as a key issue for academic change and, more fundamentally, that of modern societies. Indeed, these issues should be seen in a broader context of reflection about the economic changes and ideological transformations of a society grounded on neoliberal capitalism. The main goal of this study is to explain how the design of recommender systems in e-learning has both ethical and practical implications since it reflects an ideological conception of science and techniques, thus requiring a previous examination of these issues in order to define the theoretical model of knowledge in which it takes place. For that purpose, we study the certain visions of teaching and learning that can be brought about by algorithms and models used by existing recommender systems in e-learning.
Digital Labor as a Structural Fairness Issue in Recommender Systems
Authors: Genovesi Sergio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis contribution moves from the assumption that algorithmic outcomes disadvantaging one or more stakeholder groups is not the only way a recommender system can be unfair since additional forms of structural injustice should be considered as well. After describing different ways of supplying digital labor as waged labor or consumer labor, it is shown that the current design of recommender systems necessarily requires digital labor for training and tuning, making it a structural issue. The chapter then presents several fairness concerns raised by the exploitation of digital labor. These regard, among other things, the unequal distribution of produced value, the poor work conditions of digital laborers, and the unawareness of many individuals of their laborer’s condition. To address this structural fairness issue, compensatory measures are not adequate, and a structural change of the ways training data are collected is necessary.
Ethical and Legal Analysis of Machine Learning Based Systems: A Scenario Analysis of a Food Recommender System
Authors: Levina Olga , Mattern Saskia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLaws are the reflection of the ethical and moral principles of the society. While the use of technology influences users’ behavior in a pace that is affected by the technology introduction to the market, legal activities can be driven by the society as the results of such interactions. This scenario analysis- based research focuses on a classic but fictional food recommender system and the ethical issues that might occur from its usage. The recommender system is taken here as an example of machine learning-based systems (MLS) that can often be found in the individual, business and administrative applications. The research compares the existing legal solutions, with the focus on the GDPR legislation, and the discovered ethical issues. The ethical analysis is led along the ALTAI principles suggested by the European Commission, the common good approach as well as the general principles constituted in human rights. While the GDPR-based analysis showed that this data- and privacy-based legislation addressed most of the identified ethical issues, questions related to the common good approach in the context of environment and mobility that arise due to the wide spectrum of the MLS usage require further legal discussion. The application of the two approaches shows that conducting the ethical and legal analysis is beneficial for both the designers of such MLS as well as the legal actors. The findings can enhance the design and functions of a user-facing MLS as well as influence or validate legal activities.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Integrated Diagnostic
Authors: Milan Lisa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in the medical field have the potential to revolutionize the way in which diseases are detected and treated. Exploiting advanced algorithms and techniques, AI-based systems can analyze a very large amount of medical data and identify patterns that may not be detectable to human experts. This can lead to more accurate and efficient diagnoses, as well as the development of new diagnostic/prognostic methods. Integrated diagnostics combines multiple diagnostic modalities and data sources to provide a more comprehensive understanding of a patient’s health status. Due to a large amount of information collectable in this field, the application of AI may provide significant and cost-effective advancements in the next years. In this chapter, the current state of AI in integrated diagnostic medicine will be explored, including its applications, challenges, and future prospects.
Diagnostics and Theranostics of Benign Thyroid Disorders
Authors: Campennì Alfredo , Ruggeri Rosaria Maddalena , Jukić Tomislav , Siracusa Massimiliano , Punda Marija , Giovanella Luca , Ovčariček Petra Petranović 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThyroid scintigraphy is an evergreen in nuclear medicine imaging and up to date represents the only “in vivo” diagnostic imaging method able to evaluate thyroid functional status in patients with thyroid disorders.It is able to identify hyperfunctioning (i.e., “hot”) or hypofunctioning (i.e., “cold”) nodules such as an increased tracer uptake in the whole gland common in patients affected by autoimmune thyroid disorders (i.e., Graves’ disease).Most hyperthyroid patients and selected patients affected by non-toxic thyroid disorders can be successfully cured using iodine-131, the first theragnostic agent in nuclear medicine. Indeed, it is able to treat thyroid disorder by β decay while γ-emission allows us to observe its distribution in the gland.Millions of people have worldwide been treated by iodine-131 since its first use by Dr. Saul Hertz in a young female patient affected by Graves’ disease.Being an effective and safe therapy, iodine-131 therapy is now considered as a therapeutic option both in selected pediatric patients such as in those affected by non-toxic goiter. In these latter, its use is more common than in the past.The present chapter is prompted to provide the readers with an updated overview on diagnostic and theragnostic approach to patients affected by benign thyroid disorders.
Radioiodine Theranostics of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Avram Anca M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCurrent management of patients with thyroid cancer requires a risk-adapted approach to treatment and multidisciplinary cooperation. Routine use of 131-I administration after total thyroidectomy is no longer recommended as this approach has been challenged by evidence that remnant ablation does not improve survival in low-risk patients. However, therapeutic 131-I administration in intermediate- and high-risk patients demonstrated significant benefits in improving overall survival. Radioiodine (131-I Na-I) is the classic agent used for the diagnosis and treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) based on sodium–iodine symporter expression in normal and neoplastic thyroid tissues permitting the integration of diagnostic imaging and therapeutics using the same radionuclide (i.e., theranostics) targeting specific characteristics of tumor biology. Radioiodine theragnostics involves the acquisition of pre-ablation diagnostic scans (Dx Scans) to guide patient-individualized targeted 131-I therapy with goal of maximizing the benefits of the first therapeutic 131-I administration. Current imaging technology with hybrid SPECT/CT gamma camera systems has improved the capability of diagnostic radioiodine scintigraphy for identifying regional and distant metastatic disease and this imaging information can be used for 131-I treatment planning and delivery of activity-adjusted 131-I therapy for achieving intended treatment goals (e.g., remnant ablation, adjuvant treatment, and treatment of known disease). The goal of radioiodine theragnostics is to optimize the balance between 131-I therapeutic efficacy and potential side effects on non-target tissues. This chapter summarizes the new concepts and essential information at the core of multidisciplinary DTC management, which emphasizes individualization of 131I therapy according to the patient’s risk for tumor recurrence to maximize benefit and minimize morbidity.