bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five-Year Visual Acuity Outcomes of Fovea-Involving Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachments Following Pars Plana Vitrectomy (PPV) or Combined PPV/Scleral Buckle
Authors: Awh Caroline C. , Pedersen Karina E. , Abraham Joseph R. , Singh Rishi P. 
Published: December 2022

Background and Objective:
Macular involvement is considered a poor prognostic factor for visual recovery after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair. Few prior studies report outcomes longer than 2 years after repair with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) or combined PPV/scleral buckle (SB). The purpose of this study is to evaluate long-term (at least 5 years) visual outcomes following fovea-involving RRD repair with PPV or PPV/SB.

Patients and Methods:
This retrospective case series evaluated eyes that underwent fovea-involving RRD repair with PPV or PPV/SB. Eyes with single surgery anatomic success and 5 years or more of follow-up were included. Eyes with other ophthalmic pathology affecting central vision were excluded. Paired analysis compared changes in best visual acuity (BVA) between two timepoints.

Results:

Fifty-one eyes were included. Median (interquartile range, IQR) time to final follow-up was 7 (IQR: 3) years. Median pre-operatively BVA was 19.95 (IQR: 41.25) letters and improved to 80.15 (IQR:15.05) letters and 80.16 (IQR: 8.80) letters at the 1-year and final follow-up, respectively (
P
< 0.001). Thirteen of 45 eyes (28.89%) had an improvement in BVA of at least 10 letters from the 1-year to the final follow-up. Average BVA was 20/40 or better in 35/45 eyes (75.56%) at 1-year and 45/51 eyes (88.24%) at final follow-up. No eye had an average BVA of 20/200 or worse at final follow-up.

Conclusions:
Patients with fovea-involving RRD successfully repaired with PPV or PPV/SB have favorable long-term visual acuity outcomes. BVA may continue to significantly improve even beyond 1 year after surgery. The majority of patients have a BVA of 20/40 or better 5 years after surgery.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2022;53:674–680.]
Créations provinciales et nouveaux concilia : manifestations épigraphiques en Tripolitaine et en Byzacène
Authors: Lefebvre Sabine 
Published: December 2022

Lors de la réforme administrative de Dioclétien, furent créées de nouvelles provinces, dont la Tripolitaine et la Byzacène. Ce nouveau cadre administratif a entraîné un remodelage de l’assemblée provinciale qui, dans chaque nouvelle province, a dû s’organiser. Ce concilium, rassemblant les délégués de toutes les cités de la province, est l’élément le plus visible de l’acceptation par les provinciaux du nouveau cadre. A-t-il fonctionné rapidement après la création ? Son activité a-t-elle été complète ? Quels témoignages attestent de sa vitalité ? Autant de questions qui permettent de savoir si le nouveau cadre provincial a été vécu, et a constitué un nouveau cadre identitaire.
L’amende forfaitaire, arme du (non-)droit
Authors: Daillère Aline 
Published: December 2022

Au cours des années 2000, en France, le spectre des infractions pouvant être sanctionnées hors des palais de justice n’a cessé de s’élargir, jusqu’à couvrir désormais certaines infractions délictuelles. Dans un souci de désengorgement des tribunaux de proximité, l’amende forfaitaire – prononcée non pas par un juge, mais par un agent des forces de l’ordre – est devenue un outil de réponse pénale très répandu. Cet article s’intéresse au « pouvoir contraventionnel » des policiers, analysant ce dernier à l’aune des spécificités de l’amende forfaitaire au sein de la justice pénale. À partir de méthodes d’enquête qualitatives (entretiens, observations) et quantitatives (récolte et analyse de plus de six cents amendes), il examine les situations de personnes multi-verbalisées et étudie les conditions dans lesquelles ces dernières ont pu mobiliser le droit et saisir le juge lorsqu’elles dénonçaient des verbalisations illégales ou injustes. Diverses actions entreprises en ayant recours à « l’arme du droit » mettent en lumière les difficultés à accéder au juge en cas de litige se rapportant à une amende forfaitaire. Historiquement conçue pour réprimer des infractions de masse sans engorger les tribunaux et pensée de manière à réduire au minimum l’intervention du juge, l’amende forfaitaire se révèle être une modalité de sanction qui laisse peu de place à la mobilisation du droit.
La dénonciation des pratiques policières à Lyon à la fin des années 1970 : socio-histoire locale de la formation d’une cause
Authors: Nasri Foued 
Published: December 2022

Cet article se concentre sur les transformations d’un espace de lutte contre les déviances policières au tournant des années 1970 et 1980. À partir de l’analyse de mobilisations qui ont eu lieu dans l’agglomération lyonnaise, l’article confirme l’existence de deux régimes non exclusifs de dénonciation des déviances policières. Le premier régime, qualifié de généraliste, concerne des coalitions militantes dominées par les organisations du secteur pro-immigré. Ces coalitions privilégient des cadrages généraux pour contester l’action policière. Le second régime, dit localisé, coïncide avec des formes d’organisation plus informelles basées sur des comités de soutien qui réunissent les proches du plaignant. Le régime localisé coïncide avec l’émergence d’un secteur militant dominé par les héritiers de l’immigration et dont les organisations entretiennent des rapports de coopération et de concurrence avec le secteur pro-immigré.
Treatment of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia in rats with the Wen Run Fei Ning formula: A preliminary study
Authors: Li Na , Han Jian , Dong Yiwei , Wang Yanan , Ji Bing , Wang Fengxia , An Xinye , Ding Jiawen 
Published: December 2022

Background & objectives:
To determine the effect of Wen Run Fei Ning formula (WRFNF) intervention in class I integron-mediated carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Methods:
A drug-susceptibility test and PCR amplification were used to screen for carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae containing class I integrons. Following nasal drip and tail vein injection to infect healthy male rats with carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae, three models were created: control (group A); model (group B, tail vein injection); and model-WRFNF treatment group (group C, by tail vein injection). Rats in Group C were gavaged with pre-warmed WRFNF extract. On the third, fifth, and seventh days after the experiment, the rats in groups A and B were gavaged with an equal quantity of saline and killed in batches.

Results:
Group C showed considerably higher serum IL-6 and TNF- levels on days 3, 5, and 7 compared to group A, as well as a significant increase in peripheral blood leukocyte count and a histopathologic inflammatory cell infiltration of the lungs. As the WRFNF delivery duration was prolonged, group C's histopathologic inflammatory cell infiltration gradually improved in contrast to group B, with the biggest improvement occurring on day 7. Compared to group B, group C's serum IL-6 and TNF- levels were lower. When the trial's duration was increased to 7 days, the levels of IL-6 and TNF- in group C decreased on day 7 compared to on day 5.

Interpretation & conclusion:
WRFNF decreased inflammatory cell infiltration as well as IL-6 and TNF expression in the lung of the rats infected with carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae.
Evaluation of the WAVE Drowning Detection SystemTM for use with children's summer camp groups in swimming pools
Authors: Johnson Molly B. , Lawson Karla A. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Groups of children swimming during summer camp or child care are generally monitored by a small number of lifeguards and staff. The high child-to-staff ratio can make pool monitoring less effective, increasing drowning risk. The aim of this study is to evaluate novel drowning detection technology that could supplement pool monitoring.

Methods:
The WAVE™ Drowning Detection System was deployed at a camp pool for 8 weeks. The WAVE™ Drowning Detection System entails headbands worn by swimmers that send alerts to vibrating staff bracelets and audible alarms when submerged for a period of time. Data on the number of alerts were collected, and staff were surveyed.

Results:
One or two alerts were initiated every hour. Staff reported that risky underwater play and exiting the pool area were top reasons for alerts. Staff found the awareness brought to risky pool behavior useful and had a neutral attitude about false alarms. Staff found the system easy to learn and use but suggested headband fit and comfort could be improved. Staff believed the system could help save someone's life.

Conclusions:
The WAVE system is low-risk, easy-to-use technology that may supplement lifeguard monitoring of large groups of children in pools.
Risk factors and clinical outcomes of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia infection in intensive care unit
Authors: Panda Sagarika , Dash Abhilash , Chhotray Pritam , Nayak Biswajit , Mouli Tatikonda Chandra , Mishra Shakti Bedanta 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, especially Klebsiella pneumonia, have become a severe global problem with a significant threat to public health, but few studies have investigated the risk factors and epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumonia (CRKP) infections in India.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective observational study of 224 participants with K. pneumoniae who were admitted to the medical intensive care unit (ICU) of Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India, between January 1 and December 30, 2020. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by automated broth microdilution VITEK® 2 (BioMerieux, Inc., Hazelwood, USA). The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute document M100-S22 (January 2020) was used to interpret antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Data were obtained from paper medical records.

Results:
Two hundred and twenty-four subjects with culture-positive for K. pneumonia were retrieved during the study period, out of which 108 had CRKP. The risk factors for univariate analysis were Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, ICU length of stay (LOS), invasive mechanical ventilator days, central venous catheter days, and arterial line days. The multivariate analysis showed invasive mechanical ventilation and ICU LOS were independent risk factors for CRKP infection. Mortality in the CRKP group was 48 (44%) compared to 27 (23%) in the carbapenem-sensitive K. pneumonia (CSKP) group, which was statistically significant (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
Infection due to CRKP in the ICU was associated with 1.9 times higher mortality as compared to CSKP. Invasive mechanical ventilation and ICU LOS were found to be independent risk factors for CRKP infection.
Systemic Thrombolytics as Rescue Therapy for COVID-19 Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Ashwathappa Prathibha Gowda , Jacob Ipe , Rangappa Pradeep , Rao Karthik 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is often associated with a progressive respiratory failure that is refractory to maximal ventilatory support and other ARDS strategies. Studies show evidence of a hypercoagulable state in COVID-19 patients, including capillary thrombosis and alveolar fibrin deposits which impede normal gas exchange. In this context, thrombolysis is considered as a salvage therapy to rescue critically hypoxemic patients.

Methods:
In this retrospective observational study, the efficacy of thrombolysis on outcome of COVID-19 ARDS with respiratory failure was analyzed. Patients with severe ARDS and d-dimer levels of 5 μg/ml or above were initiated on alteplase, as a 25 mg bolus followed by a 25 mg infusion over 22 h. Primary outcome was intensive care unit (ICU) mortality and secondary outcomes were change in PaO2/FiO2 24 h after thrombolysis, avoidance of intubation, ventilator free days (VFD), and ICU and hospital length-of-stay (LOS).

Results:
Thirteen out of 34 patients with severe COVID ARDS underwent thrombolysis. They had lower ICU mortality than non-thrombolysed patients (23.1% vs. 71.4%, P = 0.006), greater percentage improvement in PaO2/FiO2 (116% vs. 31.5%, P = 0.002), more VFDs (13 days vs. 0 day, P = 0.004), and lesser requirement for intubation (23.1% vs. 76.2%, P = 0.004). ICU and hospital LOS were similar.

Conclusion:
Thrombolysis can be considered as a rescue therapy for nonintubated COVID-19 ARDS patients with severe hypoxemic respiratory failure, who show evidence of a procoagulant state. Larger studies are needed before inclusion into the regular treatment protocol for COVID-19 patients.
Cumulative Noise Exposure and Perceived Effects
Authors: Chakraborty Arup , Lahiri Arista , Dasgupta Urmila , Saha Asim , Bhattacharya Salil K. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Adverse short-term and long-term health effects following a high level of noise have been established. The current study aims to find the relationship of these effects with an environment-specific level of noise exposure.

Materials and Methods:
A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 auto-rickshaw drivers and 51 age-matched service-sector employees. The peak average noise exposure in decibels (dB) was measured. The duration of exposure and response regarding perceptions following noise exposure was assessed through a pre-designed pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire.

Results:
The mean age of the participants was 42.24 (±13.72) years. Among the auto-rickshaw drivers, 82% perceived stress, 64% had hearing difficulty, and 74% complained of lack of sleep following exposure to a high level of noise. However, the perceptions were comparable among the comparison group and the differences were not statistically significant. The mean average peak level of noise exposure among drivers and their comparison group was 91.64 (±7.37) dB and 91.98 (± 8.06) dB, respectively, but were not different statistically. Around 52.94% of the service-sector respondents and 48% of the drivers were exposed to the lower cumulative noise levels. Those having a higher level of cumulative noise exposure, had a higher odds of feeling irritated (Odds ratio [OR]: 2.182, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.845–5.636), feeling stressed (OR: 5.805, 95% CI: 1.552–21.708), having palpitation (OR: 3.694, 95% CI: 1.264–10.793), and lack of sleep (OR: 3.020, 95% CI: 1.006–9.066).

Conclusion:
Stress and lack of sleep were the most important perceived effects of noise exposure. The exposures to the higher cumulative noise level in specified groups were more important in relation to quantifying perceived symptoms than the average peak noise level.
Gender and sexual orientation of undergraduate medical students in India: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ali Tahoora , Ryali Sumalatha , Upadhyay Shiksha , Swaminathan Uma , Patki Shivani , Chaudhury Suprakash 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Although the potential for alternate conceptions of gender roles and sexual orientations are diverse, it is by-and-large not well tolerated. This study explores the self-reported gender-roles and sexual orientations of Indian undergraduate medical students.

Aim:
To study self-reported gender role and sexual orientation of undergraduate medical students in India.

Method:
One hundred twenty volunteers were included in the study consisting of 60 males and 60 females. A questionnaire comprising of a sociodemographic proforma, Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI), and Epstein Sexual Orientation Inventory (ESOI) were given to each participant. The scales were scored, tabulated, and statistically analyzed.

Results:
The BSRI revealed that femininity was predominant in both female and male participants, at 68.33% and 55%, respectively. The ESOI revealed that females had significantly higher opposite-sex attraction than males. Though males had higher same-sex attraction than females, the difference was not statistically significant. Females also had a significantly higher sexual orientation range and a mean sexual orientation. Sexual drive was significantly higher in males. Significantly more females supported homosexuality and bisexuality as compared to males.

Conclusion:
This study helps establish that gender roles can be non-conforming. It helps ascertain that while heterosexual orientation predominates, alternate sexual orientations also exist. It paves the way for future studies and explorations to alleviate public misconceptions.
Risk factors for early hyperbilirubinemia in neonates
Authors: Rehna T , Thomas Suni Ann 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a commonly encountered problem in the early neonatal period. Hence, this study was undertaken in babies with significant hyperbilirubinemia to find out the factors which had caused an early rise of bilirubin (≤48 h) in some neonates compared to those who develop hyperbilirubinemia by 72 h. Factors that can predict early hyperbilirubinemia will help in early intervention.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care center from March 2021 to January 2022 among 405 healthy term neonates with significant hyperbilirubinemia. Serum bilirubin values were routinely done at 72 h, and earlier at 48 h if clinical icterus was noted by Kramer's rule and divided into two groups – one with hyperbilirubinemia at 48 h and another with hyperbilirubinemia by 72 h. Statistical analysis was done to find out the factors which could predict early hyperbilirubinemia.

Results:
Of the 405 neonates with significant hyperbilirubinemia, 270 (66.6%) had early hyperbilirubinemia and 135 (33.3%) had hyperbilirubinemia by 72 h. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to sex, birth weight, mode of delivery, and baby blood group. Forty-two (49.4%) neonates with umbilical cord bilirubin (UCB) <2 mg/dl, 113 (65.6%) with UCB 2–2.5 mg/dl, 75 (72.1%) with UCB 2.5–3 mg/dl, 34 (89.5%) with UCB 3–3.5 mg/dl, and 6 (100%) with UCB >3.5 mg/dl developed early hyperbilirubinemia. Sixty-four (79%) neonates with bilirubin–albumin ratio (BAR) ≥0.79 developed early hyperbilirubinemia compared to 206 (63.6%) neonates with BAR <0.79 who had early hyperbilirubinemia.

Conclusions:
The UCB and bilirubin–albumin ratio correlated well with the development of early hyperbilirubinemia. Hence, it was concluded that those babies with a high UCB >2.1 mg/dl and/or high BAR ≥0.79 should be screened early for the development of hyperbilirubinemia.
Classification of low- and high-grade gliomas using radiomic analysis of multiple sequences of MRI brain
Authors: Zachariah Rhea Merin , Priya P S , Pendem Saikiran 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Gliomas are frequent tumors of brain parenchyma, which have histology similar to that of glial cells. Accurate glioma grading is required for determining clinical management. The background of this study is to investigate the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomic features extracted from multiple MRI sequences in differentiating low and high-grade gliomas.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective study. It includes two groups. Group A includes patients with confirmed histopathological diagnosis of low (23) and high-grade (58) gliomas from 2012 to 2020 were included. The MRI images were acquired using a Signa HDxt 1.5 Tesla MRI (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, USA). Group B includes an external test set consisting of low- (20) and high-grade gliomas (20) obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The radiomic features were extracted from axial T2, apparent diffusion coefficient map, axial T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and axial T1 post-contrast sequences for both the groups. The Mann - Whitney U test was performed to assess the significant radiomic features useful for distinguishing the glioma grades for Group A. To determine the accuracy of radiomic features for differentiating gliomas, AUC was calculated from receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for both groups.

Results:
Our study noticed in Group A, fourteen MRI-based radiomic features from four MRI sequences showed a significant difference (p < 0.001) in differentiating gliomas. In Group A, we noticed T1 post-contrast radiomic features such as first-order variance (FOV) (sensitivity - 94.56%, specificity – 97.51%, AUC – 0.969) and GLRLM long-run gray-level emphasis (sensitivity – 97.54%), specificity – 96.53%, AUC – 0.972) had the highest discriminative power for distinguishing the histological subtypes of gliomas. Our study noticed no statistical significant difference between ROC curves of significant radiomic features for both groups. In Group B, the T1 post-contrast radiomic features such as FOV (AUC–0.933) and GLRLM long-run gray-level emphasis (AUC–0.981) had also shown high discriminative power for distinguishing the gliomas.

Conclusion:
Our study concludes that MRI-based radiomic features extracted from multiple MRI sequences provide a non-invasive diagnosis of low- and high-grade gliomas and can be implemented in clinical settings for diagnosing the glioma grades.
Priority setting in cardiovascular research in Iran using standard indigenous methods
Authors: Sarrafzadegan Nizal , Bagherikholenjani Fahimeh , Noohi Fereidoun , Alikhasi Hassan , Mohammadifard Noushin , Ghaffari Samad , Hassan Adel Seyed Mohammad , Assareh Ahmad Reza , Zibaee Nezhad Mohammad Javad , Tabandeh Mahmood , Farshidi Hossein , Khosravi Alireza , Nematipour Ebrahim , Kermani-Alghoraishi Mohammad , Hassannejad Razieh , Sadeghi Masoumeh , Najafian Jamshid , Shafie Davood , Shabestari Mahmood Mohammadzadeh , Mansouri Asieh , Roohafza Hamidreza , Shahidi Shahla , Yarmohammadian Mohammad Hossein , Moeeni Maryam 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Determining cardiovascular disease (CVD) research priorities is essential given the high burden of these diseases, limited financial resources, and competing priorities. This study aimed to determine the research priorities in CVD field in Iran using standard indigenous methods.

Materials and Methods:
An extensive search was done in relevant international and national studies. Then, an indigenous standard multistage approach based on multicriteria decision analysis steps was adapted to local situation and implemented. This process included forming a working group of experts in priority setting methodology, identifying the context and prioritization framework, discussing the methodology with the National Network of CVD Research (NCVDR) members who ultimately determined the priority research topics, weighted topics criteria, ranked topics, and reviewed all determined research priorities for final report.

Results:
Thirteen cardiovascular research priorities were determined by the NCVDR members. The first five priorities based on their scores include studies in hypertension, prevention and control of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and its risk factors, burden of IHD, Registration of CVDs, and COVID-19 and CVDs.

Conclusion:
Cardiovascular research priorities were determined using a standard indigenous approach by national experts who are the NCVDR members. These priorities can be used by researchers and health decision makers.