bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early relaparotomy following pediatric living-donor liver transplantation: experience in an Indonesian national referral hospital
Authors: Rahayatri Tri Hening , Soeratman Alif Rizqy , Muhammad Amin Rusdah Binti , Margiadi Dalia Benchamas , Tamba Riana Pauline , Kasahara Mureo 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundLiving donor liver transplantation (LDLT) remains the only curative treatment for children with end-stage liver disease; however, complications of the procedure are associated with indications for early relaparotomy. Several risk factors associated with early relaparotomy after liver transplantation include pediatric end-stage liver disease (PELD) score, warm ischemia time (WIT), and cold ischemia time (CIT). Our study investigated the incidence and indications of early relaparotomy in postoperative pediatric LDLT recipients and compared the outcomes with patients who did not require relaparotomy.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of pediatric LDLT recipients from Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, was collected from 2010 to August 2022. Indications for early relaparotomy were investigated. Factors analyzed in the early relaparotomy group compared with the nonrelaparotomy group included intraoperative blood loss, surgery duration, CIT, WIT, and PELD score.ResultsThe highest indication for early relaparotomy was biliary leakage. Most patients who underwent early relaparotomy only had one incidence of relaparotomy (60%). The surgery duration in subjects with early relaparotomy was longer by a median of 3 hours compared with those without early relaparotomy (p=0.289). Intraoperative blood loss was greater in early relaparotomy subjects than in subjects without early relaparotomy (95 vs 77 mL/kg, p=0.552). Other factors, such as PELD score, CIT, and WIT, also showed no significant difference between the two groups.ConclusionBiliary leakage was the most common indication for early relaparotomy in our center. There were no preoperative or intraoperative factors that significantly influenced the incidence of early relaparotomy due to the limited sample size and the early advancement of our liver transplant center.
Vacuum birefringence at one-loop in a supercritical magnetic field superposed with a weak electric field and application to pulsar magnetosphere
Authors: Kim Chul Min , Kim Sang Pyo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent ultra-intense lasers of subcritical fields and proposed X-ray polarimetry for highly magnetized neutron stars of supercritical fields have attracted attention to vacuum birefringence, a unique feature of the nonlinear vacuum under strong electromagnetic fields. We propose a formulation of the vacuum birefringence in a strong magnetic field ($${\textbf{B}}$$
B
) and a weak electric field ($${\textbf{E}}$$
E
), including the effect of electromagnetic wrench ($$G \equiv -{\textbf{E}}\cdot {\textbf{B}}\ne 0$$

G
≡
-
E
·
B
≠
0

). To do so, we derive a closed expression of the one-loop effective Lagrangian for the combined magnetic and electric fields by using the formula of the one-loop effective Lagrangian for an arbitrarily strong magnetic field. We then employ the expression to derive the polarization and magnetization of the vacuum, from which we obtain the permittivity and permeability for a weak probe field. Specifically, we find the refractive indices and the associated polarization vectors of the probe field for the case of parallel magnetic and electric fields. The proposed formulation reproduces the known results for pure magnetic fields in the proper limit. Finally, we apply the formulation to the Goldreich–Julian pulsar model. Our formulation reveals the importance of the electromagnetic wrench in vacuum birefringence: it can reduce the difference between refractive indices and rotate polarization vectors to a significant degree. Such a quantitative understanding is crucial to the X-ray polarimetry for magnetized neutron stars or magnetars, which will demonstrate the fundamental feature of the strongly-modified quantum vacuum and estimate the extreme fields surrounding those astrophysical bodies.
Scale invariant Einstein–Cartan theory in three dimensions
Authors: Adak Muzaffer , Ozdemir Nese , Sert Ozcan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe retreat the well-known Einstein–Cartan theory by slightly modifying the covariant derivative of spinor field by investigating double cover of the Lorentz group. We first write the Lagrangian consisting of the Einstein–Hilbert term, Dirac term and a scalar field term in a non-Riemannian spacetime with curvature and torsion. Then by solving the affine connection analytically we reformulate the theory in the Riemannian spacetime in a self-consistent way. Finally we discuss our results and give future perspectives on the subject.
Black holes surrounded by Einstein clusters as models of dark matter fluid
Authors: Jusufi Kimet 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe construct a novel class of spherically symmetric and asymptotically flat black holes and naked singularities surrounded by anisotropic dark matter fluid with the equation of state (EoS) of the form $$P_t=\omega \rho $$

P
t

=
ω
ρ

. We assume that dark matter is made of weakly interacting particles orbiting around the supermassive black hole in the galactic center and the dark matter halo is formed by means of Einstein clusters having only tangential pressure. In the large distance from the black hole we obtain the constant flat curve with the upper bound for the dark matter state parameter $$\omega \lesssim 10^{-7}$$

ω
≲

10

-
7

. To this end, we also check the energy conditions of the dark matter fluid outside the black hole/naked singularity, the deflection of light by the galaxy, and the shadow images of the Sgr A$$^\star $$

⋆

black hole using the rotating and radiating particles. For the black hole case, we find that the effect of dark matter fluid on the shadow radius is small, in particular the angular radius of the black hole is shown to increase by the order $$10^{-4}\, \upmu $$

10

-
4

μ

arcsec compared to the vacuum solution. For the naked singularity we obtain significantly smaller shadow radius compared to the black hole case. Finally, we study the stability of the S2 star orbit around Sgr A$$^\star $$

⋆

black hole under dark matter effects. It is argued that the motion of S2 star orbit is stable for values $$\omega \lesssim 10^{-7}$$

ω
≲

10

-
7

, however further increase of $$\omega $$
ω
leads to unstable orbits. Using the observational result for the shadow images of the Sgr A$$^\star $$

⋆

reported by the EHT along with the tightest constraint for $$\omega $$
ω
found from the constant flat curve, we show that the black hole model is consistent with the data while the naked singularity in our model can be ruled out.
Molecular dynamics simulation of surface phenomena due to high electronic excitation ion irradiation in amorphous silica
Authors: Prada Alejandro , Sánchez-Pérez Francisco , Bailly-Grandvaux Mathieu , Bringa Eduardo , Caturla María José , Perlado José Manuel , Kohanoff Jorge , Peña-Rodríguez Ovidio , Rivera Antonio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe studied by means of an atomistic model based on molecular dynamics the thermal evolution of surface atoms in amorphous silica under high electronic excitation produced by irradiation with swift heavy ions. The model was validated with the total and differential yields measured in sputtering experiments with different ions and ion energies showing a very good quantitative prediction capability. Three mechanisms are behind the evolution of the surface region: (1) an ejection mechanism of atoms and clusters with kinetic energy exceeding their binding energy to the sample surface, which explains the experimentally observed angular distributions of emitted atoms, and the correlation of the total sputtering yield with the electronic stopping power and the incidence angle. (2) A collective mechanism of the atoms in the ion track originated by the initial atom motion outwards the track region subsequently followed by the return to the resulting low-density region in the track center. The collective mechanism describes the energy dissipation of bulk atoms and the changes in density, residual stress, defect formation and optical properties. (3) A flow mechanism resulting from the accumulation and subsequent evolution of surface atoms unable to escape. This mechanism is responsible for the crater rim formation.Graphic Abstract
Hypertension Correlates With Stronger Blood Flow Pulsatility in Small Perforating Cerebral Arteries Assessed With 7 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: van den Kerkhof Marieke , van der Thiel Merel M. , Postma Alida A. , van Oostenbrugge Robert J. , Kroon Abraham A. , Jansen Jacobus F.A. , Backes Walter H. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Hypertension alters the structure and function of cerebral blood vessels, and is an important risk factor for stroke and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). However, the pathophysiological process is not yet well understood. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the pulsatility measures in small perforating arteries and hypertension, since hypertension-induced arterial stiffening may lead to a higher blood flow pulsatility and lower damping.

Methods:
We examined 28 patients with essential hypertension and 25 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (mean age: 63.4, range: 43–81 years, 26 males). Blood flow velocity waveforms were acquired in the lenticulostriate arteries (LSAs) and the middle cerebral artery using phase-contrast MRI at 7 Tesla. Several cSVD markers were scored. The velocity and pulsatility measures were compared between the hypertensives and controls.

Results:

A higher pulsatility index (PI) in the LSAs and a lower damping factor (DF) was found in the hypertensive compared to the normotensive group (
P
=0.015,
P
=0.015, respectively), but no association was found for the PI in the middle cerebral artery. Higher systolic and mean arterial pressures were associated with higher PI in the LSA and DF. For diastolic blood pressure, only an association with a lower DF was found. Adjusting for cSVD score did not alter these relationships.

Conclusions:
This study shows a higher PI in the LSAs and a lower DF in subjects with hypertension, independent of cSVD presence. This supports the hypothesis that hypertension-induced arterial remodeling may alter the intracerebral blood flow velocity profiles, which could eventually contribute to cerebral tissue damage.

Registration:

URL:
https://trialsearch.who.int/
; Unique identifier: NL7537 and NL8798
How Intermittent Brain States Modulate Neurophysiological Processes in Cognitive Flexibility
Authors: Wendiggensen Paul , Beste Christian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Cognitive flexibility is an essential facet of everyday life, for example, when switching between different tasks. Neurophysiological accounts on cognitive flexibility have often focused on the task switch itself, disregarding preceding processes and the possible impact of “brain states” before engaging in cognitive flexibility. In a combined working memory/task-switching paradigm, we examined how neuronal processes during cognitive flexibility are interrelated to preceding neuronal processes across time and brain regions in a sample of n = 42 healthy adults. The interrelation of alpha- and theta-band-related processes over brain states ahead and during response selection was investigated on a functional neuroanatomical level using EEG-beamforming. The results showed that response selection processes (reflected by theta-band activity) seem to be strongly connected to “idling” and preparatory brain activity states (in both the theta- and alpha-band). Notably, the superior parietal cortex seems to play a crucial role by assembling alpha-band-related inhibitory processes from the rule- and goal-based actions during “idling” brain states, namely, short-term maintenance of rules (temporal cortex), task-set reconfiguration (superior frontal/precentral regions), and perceptual control (occipital cortex). This information is further relayed to response selection processes associated with theta-band activity. Notably, when the task has to be switched, theta-band activity in the superior frontal gyrus indicates a need for cognitive control in the “idling” brain state, which also seems to be relayed by BA7. The results indicate the importance of brain activity states ahead of response selection processes for cognitive flexibility.
The Epistemic Case for Sci-Art: Toward a Posthuman Praxis
Authors: Thompson-Bell Jacob 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article seeks to strengthen the epistemic case for sci-art by demonstrating how partnerships across paradigms can combine methodologies rooted in multiple knowledge traditions. Drawing on Robin Nelson’s multimodal conceptualization of artistic research and Bruno Latour’s model of science as a circulatory system of heterogeneous human and nonhuman phenomena, the author characterizes sci-art as a form of posthuman praxis, which opens new epistemic positions through transversal forms of inquiry, thereby revealing shared human/nonhuman cultures. Sci-art is thus proposed as a means of drawing together humans and nonhumans into more productive, empathic associations.
Jute-basalt reinforced epoxy hybrid composites for lightweight structural automotive applications
Authors: Alshahrani Hassan , Sebaey Tamer A , Awd Allah Mahmoud M , Abd El-baky Marwa A 
Published: February 2023

The utilization of lightweight construction is one of the keys to increase the fuel efficiency and reduce the environmental effect of automobiles. Natural fiber composites are replacing expensive synthetic fibers increasingly commonly in the automotive sector. To further lower the weight and price of the vehicle without losing rigidity and strength, basalt (B) fiber could be incorporated into jute (J) fiber composites. For the generation of hybrid composite laminates, woven textiles made of J-fiber and B-fiber were combined with an epoxy matrix. The primary mechanical features of the J-B/epoxy composite laminates, including tensile, bending, shear, and bearing characteristics, were investigated. Hand lay-up approach was used to prepare the hybrid composite laminates. The impact of the number of J-plies relative to the number of B-plies on the mechanical properties was explored. The findings proved that the basalt/epoxy composite has the maximum ultimate tensile strength, young’s modulus, toughness modulus, bending strength, bending modulus, in-plane shear strength, and bearing strength. Whereas the J/epoxy composite showed the maximum failure strain and bending strain. Hybridizing J-fiber with B-fiber improved the tensile, bending, in-plane shear, and bearing characteristics of the prepared composite. The maximum specific tensile, bending, in-plane shear, and bearing strengths are displayed by 3B-2 J-3B, followed by 2B-4 J-2B.
Radiographic Changes After Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction in Skeletally Immature Patients Compared With an Age- and Sex-Matched Cohort
Authors: Kirby Julia C. , Brenner Madison E. , Jones Hunter , Wilson Philip L. , Ellis Henry B. 
Published: February 2023

Background: Despite recent evidence that medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR) in the skeletally immature patient is both safe and effective, there are limited data evaluating postoperative coronal- and sagittal-plane growth and radiographic patellofemoral parameters in this population. Purpose: The primary purpose was to assess radiographic measures of coronal-plane alignment, longitudinal growth, patellar congruence, and trochlear dysplasia after MPFLR in a skeletally immature population. A secondary purpose was to assess this population compared with a matched cohort with a focus on trochlear dysplasia prevalence and the effect of MPFLR on patellar height. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 28 children with a minimum 1-year follow-up who underwent isolated MPFLR were identified. All patients were skeletally immature, defined as fully open physes on both sides of the knee joint, at the time of surgery. The development of a limb length discrepancy or angular growth abnormalities were assessed on standing hip-to-ankle radiographs, patellar tilt and congruence were measured on the Merchant view of the knee, and the grade of trochlear dysplasia and patellar height were assessed on lateral knee radiographs. A sex- and age-matched group of patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was formed as a control for patellar height and trochlear dysplasia measurements. Results: The mean patient age was 11.71 ± 2.02 years at the time of surgery with a mean follow-up of 23.54 ± 12.49 months. All but 1 patient in the MPFLR group had preoperative features consistent with trochlear dysplasia. There was no significant difference in limb length or coronal-plane alignment at final follow-up ( P = .725 and P > .999, respectively). Both the MPFLR and the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction groups had a statistically significant decrease in the Caton-Deschamps index between the preoperative and postoperative time points (mean, 0.18 ± 0.20 and 0.11 ± 0.14, respectively; P = .161). Conclusion: MPFLR may be safely performed utilizing an epiphyseal femoral socket in a skeletally immature cohort without affecting normal longitudinal growth or coronal limb alignment. The previously reported effect of MPFLR in reducing patellar height may be related to physiological growth based on similar changes noted in a comparison cohort that did not undergo the procedure.
Demographic and Clinical Predictors of Pharmacist-Administered Pediatric Influenza Immunization
Authors: Gates Dana M. , Cohen Steven A. , Orr Kelly , Caffrey Aisling R. 
Published: February 2023

Background: Pediatricians’ offices are primary locations for pediatric influenza vaccination; however, pharmacists are also well-positioned as immunizers. Considering the current COVID-19 pandemic and Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness (PREP) Act, pharmacists’ authority to vaccinate children has been recently expanded. Methods: We used the de-identified Optum ClinformaticsTM Data Mart database to identify demographic and clinical predictors of pharmacist-administered pediatric influenza vaccination compared with influenza vaccination in pediatricians’ offices. Procedures codes for influenza vaccinations among children were captured for the 2016-2017 influenza season. Logistic regression was used to identify significant predictors. Results: We included 336 841 children receiving influenza vaccines by a pharmacist (5.2%) or in pediatricians’ offices (94.8%). The following significant predictors were identified: older pediatric age groups (13-17 years odds ratio [OR] 91.51, 5-12 years OR 35.41), states allowing pharmacist-administered influenza vaccination at younger ages (no age restrictions OR, 26.68, minimum age 2-4 years old OR, 33.76), influenza vaccination outside of pediatricians’ offices in the previous year (pharmacist-administered OR, 22.18, convenience care OR 4.15, emergency care OR 1.69), geographic region (South OR, 2.02, Midwest OR 1.60, and West OR 1.38), and routine health exam or follow-up in the prior 6-months (OR, 1.59). Conclusions: The strongest drivers of pharmacist-administered pediatric influenza vaccination were older pediatric age, more lenient minimum age restrictions, and previous influenza vaccination in a pharmacy. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the PREP Act, and forthcoming pediatric COVID-19 vaccines for children, pharmacists may play a greater role in pediatric vaccination resulting in sustained changes in pediatric vaccination practices.
Polyarylates containing phthalazinone moieties with excellent thermal resistance
Authors: Xu Pei-qi , Zhang Shou-hai , Liu Qian , Wu Kai-wen , Wang Dan-hui , Wang Zhao-qi , Liu Ze-yuan , Zhang Ying-nan , Jian Xi-gao 
Published: February 2023

Polyarylates containing phthalazinone moieties are synthesized by interfacial polymerization of 2,4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-phthalazin-1-one with isophthaloyl dichloride (IPC) and terephthaloyl dichloride (TPC). The effects of organic solvents and phase transfer catalysts (PTC) on the intrinsic viscosity ( η int) are systematically investigated for polymers with η int up to 1.52 dL g−1. The polyarylate has a high η int with 1,2-dichloroethane and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide used as the organic phase solvent and PTC. It is found that polyarylates prepared from BPPZ with IPC and TPC have excellent thermal resistance, with glass transition temperatures of 292 and 337°C, respectively. The polyarylates exhibit excellent thermal stability with 5% mass-loss temperature above 469°C in both N2 and air, and residual mass ratios at 800°C in N2 and air above 54.1% and 4.0%, respectively.
Air curtain as a SARS-CoV-2 spreading mitigation method in a small aircraft cabin
Authors: Kurec Krzysztof , Olszański Bartosz , Gumowski Konrad , Klamka Michał , Remer Michał , Piechna Janusz , Kubacki Sławomir 
Published: February 2023

This paper discusses an application of air curtain for reduction of virus-laden droplets transmission from an infected host to other passengers in a small aircraft cabin. The study is restricted to respiratory droplets emitted during coughing. Discrete Particle Method introduced for violent respiratory events (VRE) captured in detail the movement of coughing puff inside the cabin and allowed to study the interaction of droplets with the air curtain’s stream and the surrounding air. The results show that the application of the air curtain inhibits the transmission process of small droplets (diameters ranging from 10 to 40 μm). The air curtain supplied with a limited air mass flow cannot alter the multiphase puff dynamics, but it can be utilized to deflect the virus droplets with lower momentum away from the neighboring passenger. Improved removal efficiency of virus-laden droplets has been achieved owing to the application of the air curtain together with supplementary suction surfaces introduced on the front seat backrest. The virus (SARS-CoV-2) transmission process was also analyzed by means of mass concentration of CO2 exhaled by the infected host, used as a contamination tracker. This part of the work aims at assessment of an applicability of CO2 tracer gas in analysis of virus transmission. Results show that CO2 tracer gas can only be employed for the study of small size droplets dispersion (diameter less or equal to 40 μm).