bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Metabolic Adaptation of Streptococcus suis to Host Niches in Bacterial Fitness and Virulence
Authors: Dresen Muriel , Valentin-Weigand Peter , Berhanu Weldearegay Yenehiwot 
Published: March 2023

Streptococcus suis, both a common colonizer of the porcine upper respiratory tract and an invasive pig pathogen, successfully adapts to different host environments encountered during infection. Whereas the initial infection mainly occurs via the respiratory tract, in a second step, the pathogen can breach the epithelial barrier and disseminate within the whole body. Thereby, the pathogen reaches other organs such as the heart, the joints, or the brain. In this review, we focus on the role of S. suis metabolism for adaptation to these different in vivo host niches to encounter changes in nutrient availability, host defense mechanisms and competing microbiota. Furthermore, we highlight the close link between S. suis metabolism and virulence. Mutants deficient in metabolic regulators often show an attenuation in infection experiments possibly due to downregulation of virulence factors, reduced resistance to nutritive or oxidative stress and to phagocytic activity. Finally, metabolic pathways as potential targets for new therapeutic strategies are discussed. As antimicrobial resistance in S. suis isolates has increased over the last years, the development of new antibiotics is of utmost importance to successfully fight infections in the future.
Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity of Lentinus fasciatus
Authors: Naskar Arghya , Dasgupta Adhiraj , Acharya Krishnendu 
Published: March 2023

The genus Lentinus is one of the most studied and medicinally significant groups among mushrooms. Lentinus fasciatus is a considerably understudied species and a methanolic formulation was evaluated for its medicinal potential. Phytochemical analysis unveiled the presence of a high amount of phenolic substances in the methanolic extract of the basidiocarps of L. fasciatus. The extracted fraction showed notable scavenging properties in in-vitro antioxidant property estimation assays. In the ABTS and DPPH assay, respectively, the EC50 values were 332.12 and 180.78 μg/mL. The mushroom extract was also screened for cytotoxic activity against the human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7). The biocidal activity against cancer cells is further proven by the low LD50 value of 246 g/mL in the WST-1 experiment. The background mechanism behind the cytotoxicity was predicted to be mediated by the apoptotic pathways.
IDT 2017, Band 1
Authors: Peyer Elisabeth , Studer Thomas , Thonhauser Ingo 
Published: March 2023

Unter dem Motto &sbquo;Brücken gestalten &ndash; mit Deutsch verbinden: Menschen &ndash; Lebenswelten &ndash; Kulturen&lsquo; fand 2017 in Freiburg (CH) die XVI. Internationale Tagung der Deutschlehrerinnen und Deutschlehrer (IDT) statt.
Die Ziele der IDT sind:
-	über den aktuellen Stand von Forschung und Entwicklung im Fach Deutsch als Fremdsprache (DaF) und Deutsch als Zweitsprache (DaZ) informieren;
-	die Zusammenarbeit der DaF- und DaZ-Akteure weltweit und innerhalb der deutschsprachigen Länder fördern;
-	bildungspolitische Akzente setzen.
Die drei Tagungsbände widerspiegeln diese Ziele in vielfältiger Weise und konturieren sie zukunftsgerichtet.
Dieser Band versammelt eine Auswahl der Hauptvorträge der IDT 2017. Die Beiträge zeichnen Entwicklungslinien des Faches nach, diskutieren aktuelle Arbeitsfelder und zeigen durch Einbezug von Bezugswissenschaften wie der Linguistik, der Spracherwerbsforschung und der Mehrsprachigkeitsdidaktik die Interdisziplinarität des Feldes auf. Darüber hinaus widmen sich die Beiträge konkreten Lehr- und Lerngegenständen, der Diskussion um Schwerpunkte in der Ausbildung von Lehrpersonen sowie der kulturellen Dimensionen des Sprachunterrichts.
Die Beiträge richten sich an Forschende und in der Praxis tätige Personen und können diesen neue Impulse und Anregungen für ihre Tätigkeiten geben.

The XVI International Conference of German Teachers (IDT), which in 2017 took place in Freiburg (CH), went under the slogan &ldquo;Designing bridges - connecting through German: people &ndash; environments &ndash; cultures&rdquo;.
The goals of the IDT are:
?	to inform about the current state of research and developments in the subjects German as a Foreign Language (DaF) and German as a Second Language (DaZ);
?	to promote the cooperation of DaF and DaZ stakeholders worldwide and within the German-speaking countries;
?	to highlight relevant topics within educational politics.
The conference proceedings (in three volumes) reflect these objectives in a variety of ways and outline them in a forward-looking manner.
Volume 1 brings together a selection of the keynote speeches given at IDT 2017. The contributions trace the lines of development of the subject, discuss current fields of work and demonstrate the interdisciplinary nature of the field by including reference sciences such as linguistics, language acquisition research and multilingual didactics. In addition, the contributions are devoted to concrete teaching and learning subjects, the discussion of focal points in teacher training and the cultural dimensions of language teaching.
IDT 2017, Band 2
Authors: Barras Malgorzata , Karges Katharina , Studer Thomas , Wiedenkeller Eva 
Published: March 2023

Unter dem Motto &sbquo;Brücken gestalten &ndash; mit Deutsch verbinden: Menschen &ndash; Lebenswelten &ndash; Kulturen&lsquo; fand 2017 in Freiburg (CH) die XVI. Internationale Tagung der Deutschlehrerinnen und Deutschlehrer (IDT) statt.
Die Ziele der IDT sind:
-	über den aktuellen Stand von Forschung und Entwicklung im Fach Deutsch als Fremdsprache (DaF) und Deutsch als Zweitsprache (DaZ) informieren;
-	die Zusammenarbeit der DaF- und DaZ-Akteure weltweit und innerhalb der deutschsprachigen Länder fördern;
-	bildungspolitische Akzente setzen.
Die drei Tagungsbände widerspiegeln diese Ziele in vielfältiger Weise und konturieren sie zukunftsgerichtet.
Dieser Band versammelt ausgewählte Beiträge zu den Sektionen der Freiburger IDT, in denen der Fokus auf dem Unterricht und auf praxisbezogener Forschung liegt. Thematisch widmen sich die Beiträge dem &sbquo;Bedürfnisorientierten Unterricht&lsquo;, dem &sbquo;Sprachenerwerb (zwei- und mehrsprachiges Lehren und Lernen)&lsquo;, &sbquo;erweiterten Lehr- und Lernformen&lsquo; und &sbquo;Kompetenzorientiertem Unterricht&lsquo;, aber auch &sbquo;Kulturbezogenem Lehren und Lernen&lsquo;, &sbquo;Lehr- und Lernmaterialien&lsquo; sowie dem &sbquo;Prüfen und Testen&lsquo;.
Die verschiedenen Perspektiven auf die Situation des Lehrens und Lernens von Deutsch als Fremd- und Zweitsprache weltweit bringen nicht zuletzt die kulturelle Dimension des Deutschunterrichts zum Ausdruck.
Adaptation and Testing of a Military Version of the Measure of Moral Distress for Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Wilson Melissa A. , Simmons Angela , Harris J. Irene , Thomas Sheila , Shay Amy , Usset Timothy J. , Cook Wendy , Bevington Daniel , Hurley Ann C. , Epstein Elizabeth 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundMoral distress is well-documented among civilian critical care nurses and adversely affects patient outcomes, care delivery, and retention of health care providers. Despite its recognized significance, few studies have addressed moral distress in military critical care nurses.ObjectivesTo refine and validate an instrument to assess moral distress in military critical care nurses.MethodsThis study examined moral distress in military critical care nurses (N = 245) using a new instrument, the Measure of Moral Distress for Healthcare Professionals–Military (MMD-HP-M). The psychometric properties of the refined scale were assessed by use of descriptive statistics, tests of reliability and validity, exploratory factor analysis, correlations, and qualitative analysis of open-ended responses.ResultsInitial testing showed promising evidence of instrument performance. The Cronbach α (0.94) suggested good internal consistency of the instrument for the overall sample. Scores for the MMD-HP items and the MMD-HP-M items showed a strong, significant correlation (α= 0.78, P &lt; .001). Unique attributes of military nursing that contribute to moral distress included resource access, futile care, and austere conditions. Exploratory factor analysis established a new military-centric factor for question items associated with inadequate training for patient care, providing care in resource-limited settings, and personal exhaustion.ConclusionsThese results will help guide specific, targeted interventions to reduce the negative effects of moral distress on our military health care providers, especially in terms of readiness for the next global pandemic and retention of these invaluable personnel.
Transformative Student Voice: Extending the Role of Youth in Addressing Systemic Marginalization in U.S. Schools
Authors: ZION SHELLEY 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The approach and case example described in this article build on and extend the role of student voice and authentic youth–adult partnerships in prior work of the National Center for Culturally Responsive Educational Systems (2009), a national technical assistance and dissemination center funded by the U.S. Department of Education’s Office of Special Education Programs. I describe and illustrate how the conceptual tools of critical consciousness, systemic change, and transformative student voice are applied to a process of critical civic inquiry within one school community where students and adults come together to identify issues of racial inequity that need to be addressed through policy and practice shifts, along with ongoing work to remedy these issues.
“We're Building Frameworks”: Administrator and Educator Perspectives on Implementing a Dual Language Pre-K Program to Include All Students
Authors: FARRAND KATHLEEN M. , DEEG MEGAN T. , KILINC SULTAN , KELLEY MICHAEL 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this study, one Southwestern public school district strives to implement a Dual Language (DL) for All Pre-K program that includes students with disabilities. The Arizona Revised Statute § 15-751-755 currently restricts K-12 students who speak a language other than English from entering DL programs until they are deemed English proficient. There are no specific standards for the implementation of DL in Pre-K used within the district or state, nor specific standards for the implementation of DL with students with disabilities. This article shares (a) the case of one urban school district implementing a DL Pre-K program for All students for the first time by unpacking the experiences of teachers, paraprofessionals, and administrators, (b) the role of Division of Early Childhood (DEC) Recommended Practices in the implementation and revision of the program, and (c) implications for the future of inclusive DL Pre-K programming. Our research question is how do administrator and educator discourses demonstrate DL leadership in the implementation of programming for culturally and linguistically diverse learners with disabilities? We use the DEC Recommended Practices (2014) for our data analysis of focus groups with administrators and educators because the DEC Recommended Practices include guidance for implementing effective practices for early childhood students with disabilities who are DL learners. The findings suggest that there are five key components of the DEC Recommended Practices (leadership, families, instruction, teaming and collaboration, and environment) that contribute to a successful DL program. Recommendations are made for continued practices to support students and their families, as well as educators and district staff, as essential when designing instruction and programs for DL Pre-K programs.
Seasonal Incidence of Insect-pests, Natural Enemies and Pollinators of Solanum melongena L. and Correlation between Their Daily Occurrences with Weather Parameters
Authors: Singh R. R. , Jena M. K. , Goudia N. 
Published: March 2023

The investigation was carried out at K.V.K Instructional Farm of Bhawanipatna, Kalahandi, Odisha, India during the cropping season 2020-21. Brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB), whitefly, and jassid were the most significant pests found in brinjal, Solanum melongena L. while epilachna beetle was of minor importance as it was found in much lower numbers and caused less damage. They were found from 2nd to 16th Standard Meteorological Week (SMW). The population of whitefly had significant negative correlation with morning, evening and mean Relative Humidity (RH). There was a significant negative correlation of population of jassids with evening and mean RH but significant positive correlation with bright sunshine hours. The population of epilachna had significant negative correlation with morning, evening and mean RH but positive correlation with maximum, minimum and mean temperature. BSFB infestation on fruit had significant negative correlation with morning, evening and mean RH but positive correlation with maximum and mean temperature. There was a significant positive correlation of BSFB infestation on shoot with maximum, minimum and mean temperature but significant negative correlation with rainfall. The natural enemies found in brinjal ecosystem from 4th to 16th SMW and belonged to ladybird beetles, spiders, preying mantids, black ant, carabid beetle, syrphid flies, damselfly and chrysopids. The population of spiders had significant negative correlation with evening and mean RH but positive correlation with bright sunshine hours. There was a significant negative correlation of population of coccinellids with evening RH. The pollinators recorded from experimental field were honeybee and carpenter bee from 3rd to 16th SMW. Among them, carpenter bee, Xylocopa sp. was the most dominant visitor of brinjal flower in the field and was identified as potentially important in brinjal. The pollinators appeared in higher numbers during the blooming period and was the dominant species found in the field. The population of honey bees had significant negative correlation with evening RH.
Wearable, Self‐powered, Drug‐Loaded Electronic Microneedles for Accelerated Tissue Repair of Inflammatory Skin Disorders
Authors: Qian Lili , Jin Fei , Wei Zhidong , Li Tong , Sun Ziying , Lai Chengteng , Ma Juan , Xiong Ruiying , Ma Xiying , Wang Fuyi , Sun Fengyu , Zheng Weiying , Dong Wei , Sun Kangjian , Wang Ting , Feng Zhang‐Qi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElectrical stimulation (ES) is widely used in physiological and medical sciences, while its application to treat inflammatory skin diseases (ISDs) remains a challenge owing to their natural pathological cuticle barrier and lack of an effective combination with chemotherapy to achieve specific immunomodulation. Here, a wearable, battery‐free, multi‐component drug‐loaded electronic microneedle (mD‐eMN) system is developed by integrating remodeled metal microneedles loaded with multi‐component chemical drugs and flexible triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). The system can rapidly release drugs into the site of ISDs and then realize an efficient penetration into cell body and specific immunomodulation under the synergism of pulsed electrons originating from the TENG. Also, the pulsed electrons can promote skin tissue homeostasis reconstruction to alleviate the inflammatory process of ISDs. Sufficient evidence shows that a significant skin inflammation regression of psoriasis (a typical ISDs model) is achieved using the mD‐eMN system compared to traditional ES or chemotherapy alone. This innovative wearable mD‐eMN system provides an effective flexible electronic and chemical drug joint technological platform for the treatment of ISDs, which is not only suitable for the treatment of psoriasis in this study but also maybe for other ISDs such as diabetic ulcers and skin tumors.
Coherent Phonon‐Induced Modulation of Charge Transfer in 2D Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Seyitliyev Dovletgeldi , Qin Xixi , Jana Manoj K. , Janke Svenja M. , Zhong Xiaowei , You Wei , Mitzi David B. , Blum Volker , Gundogdu Kenan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElectron–phonon interactions play an essential role in charge transport and transfer processes in semiconductors. For most structures, tailoring electron–phonon interactions for specific functionality remains elusive. Here, it is shown that, in hybrid perovskites, coherent phonon modes can be used to manipulate charge transfer. In the 2D double perovskite, (AE2T)2AgBiI8 (AE2T: 5,5“‐diylbis(amino‐ethyl)‐(2,2”‐(2)thiophene)), the valence band maximum derived from the [Ag0.5Bi0.5I4]2– framework lies in close proximity to the AE2T‐derived HOMO level, thereby forming a type‐II heterostructure. During transient absorption spectroscopy, pulsed excitation creates sustained coherent phonon modes, which periodically modulate the associated electronic levels. Thus, the energy offset at the organic–inorganic interface also oscillates periodically, providing a unique opportunity for modulation of interfacial charge transfer. Density‐functional theory corroborates the mechanism and identifies specific phonon modes as likely drivers of the coherent charge transfer. These observations are a striking example of how electron–phonon interactions can be used to manipulate fundamentally important charge and energy transfer processes in hybrid perovskites.
High‐Performing Quasi‐2D Perovskite Photodetectors with Efficient Charge Transport Network Built from Vertically Orientated and Evenly Distributed 3D‐Like Phases
Authors: Li Bolun , Huang Xi , Wu Xiang , Zuo Qiong , Cao Yunhao , Zhu Qi , Li Yaohui , Xu Yuanhuan , Zheng Guanhaojie , Chen Dongcheng , Zhu Xu‐Hui , Huang Fei , Zhen Hongyu , Hou Lintao , Qing Jian , Cai Wanzhu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractQuasi‐two‐dimensional (Q‐2D) perovskites are emerging as one of the most promising materials for photodetectors. However, a significant challenge to Q‐2D perovskites for photodetection is their insufficient charge transport ability, which is mainly attributed to their hybrid low‐dimensional n‐phase structure. This study demonstrates that evenly‐distributed 3D‐like phases with vertical orientation throughout the film can greatly facilitate charge transport and suppress charge recombination, outperforming the prevalent phase structure with a vertical dimension gradient. Based on such a phase structure, a Q‐2D Ruddlesden−Popper perovskite self‐powered photodetector achieving a combination of exceptional figures‐of‐merit is realized, including a responsivity of 0.45 AW−1, a peak specific detectivity of 2.3 × 1013 Jones, a 156 dB linear dynamic range, and a rise/fall time of 2.89 µs/1.93 µs. The desired phase structure is obtained by utilizing a double‐hole transport layer (HTL), combining hydrophobic PTAA and hydrophilic PEDOT: PSS. Besides, the dependence of the hybrid low‐dimensional phase structure is also identified on the surface energy of the buried HTL substrate. This study gives insight into the correlation between Q‐2D perovskites’ phase structure and performance, providing a valuable design guide for Q‐2D perovskite‐based photodetectors.
Revealing and Eliminating the Light‐Soaking Issue in Metal Oxide‐Based Inverted Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Qiu Yi , Peng Ruixiang , Shi Jingyu , Chen Zhenyu , Ge Ziyi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInverted organic solar cells (i‐OSCs) provide an exciting opportunity for commercialization owing to their excellent device air stability. However, light soaking (LS) issue generally occurs in metal oxide based i‐OSCs, causing drastically decreased performance. The underlying root of LS effect is not clearly clarified until now. Herein, it is demonstrated that the surface oxygen defects on metal oxide nanoparticles, such as chemisorbed superoxide (O2−) and hydroxide (OH) dangling bonds, are the main reasons for LS issue in i‐OSCs. The O2− layer induces band bending at the cathode interface and increases the work function (WF) of metal oxide, thus leading to inefficient charge transport. The dangling bonds serve as interfacial trap states and cause non‐radiative recombination, thus leading to the reduced open circuit voltage (Voc). With ultraviolet (UV) illumination, the surface oxygen defects are interacted with photogenerated carriers, thereby improving the photovoltaic performance. Additionally, UV pretreatment of metal oxide films is employed to eliminate the LS issue and the resulting device yields significantly improved fill factors from 50.20% to 73.50% in the pristine SnO2 based i‐OSCs. This study reveals the origin of LS effect in i‐OSCs and proposes a suggested model for LS mechanism.
Fabrication and Applications of Heterostructure Materials for Broadband Ultrafast Photonics
Authors: Lyu Wenhao , An Jiayi , Lin Yucheng , Qiu Pengtianyu , Wang Guangyu , Chao Jiale , Fu Bo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHeterostructure materials have attracted increasing attention in optics, medicine, optoelectronics, and electromagnetics, owing to the combination of remarkable properties of various materials. In particular, they have demonstrated the potential to achieve superior performances in ultrafast photonics. In recent years, a variety of ultrafast lasers based on heterostructure materials have been reported, which indicates a promising future in this field. In this review, the main fabrication methods and ultrafast applications of heterostructure materials are summarized. The fabrication methods are divided into mechanical transfer methods and chemical growth methods according to their mechanisms, and the methods and their characteristics are presented in detail. Next, the ultrafast lasers enabled by heterostructure materials in different wavebands as well as their key parameters are systematically introduced. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of heterostructure materials in broadband ultrafast photonics are proposed.
Tailored BiVO4 Photoanode Hydrophobic Microenvironment Enables Water Oxidative H2O2 Accumulation
Authors: Ou Man , Geng Mei , Fang Xiangle , Shao Wenfan , Bai Fenghong , Wan Shipeng , Ye Caichao , Wu Yuping , Chen Yuhui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDirect photoelectrochemical 2‐electron water oxidation to renewable H2O2 production on an anode increases the value of solar water splitting. BiVO4 has a theoretical thermodynamic activity trend toward highly selective water oxidation H2O2 formation, but the challenges of competing 4‐electron O2 evolution and H2O2 decomposition reaction need to overcome. The influence of surface microenvironment has never been considered as a possible activity loss factor in the BiVO4‐based system. Herein, it is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that the situ confined O2, where coating BiVO4 with hydrophobic polymers, can regulate the thermodynamic activity aiming for water oxidation H2O2. Also, the hydrophobicity is responsible for the H2O2 production and decomposition process kinetically. Therefore, after the addition of hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene on BiVO4 surface, it achieves an average Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 81.6% in a wide applied bias region (0.6–2.1 V vs RHE) with the best FE of 85%, which is 4‐time higher than BiVO4 photoanode. The accumulated H2O2 concentration can reach 150 µm at 1.23 V versus RHE under AM 1.5 illumination in 2 h. This concept of modifying the catalyst surface microenvironment via stable polymers provides a new approach to tune the multiple‐electrons competitive reactions in aqueous solution.