bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O.6.2-1 Contextual influences on sport promotion policy in The Netherlands: why and how the COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in local sport promotion policies
Authors: Ooms Linda , Hoekman Remco 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose
The Dutch government implemented various public health mandates to reduce the spread of the Covid-19 virus, such as self-quarantining, social distancing, closure of schools and sport facilities. This also impacted the sport sector and local sport promotion policies. The aim of the research was to get insight into why and how the Covid-19 pandemic and related restrictions influenced local sport promotion policy.

Methods
At the end of the Covid-19 pandemic, online questionnaires were sent to local sport managers (LSMs, n = 352, response 26%). These persons are responsible for the development of sport promotion policy within a municipality. In addition, online group interviews (n = 11) were conducted with LSMs and neighborhood sport coaches (NSCs). The latter are important implementers of sport promotion policy activities. A socio-ecological model of local sport promotion in the Netherlands was used as a theoretical framework.

Results
LSMs and NSCs reported that the Covid-19 pandemic and restrictions led to (some) changes in local sport promotion policy related to the facilities and public space (hardware), activity providers (orgware) and organized activities (software). In most cases, this did not lead to totally new policy, but there was a shift in focus related to the importance or urgency. For example, the growing importance of facilitating sport in public space and using sport as a means to promote health. Moreover, the Covid-19 pandemic and additional financial resources (Covid-19 recovery funds) from the national government enhanced the implementation of sport promotion activities, especially for children, adolescents and older adults.

Conclusions
The Covid-19 pandemic and restrictions influenced sport promotion policy (activities) in a positive way at the national level, the local level and within the municipal office. The general awareness of the importance of sport for health helped in legitimizing sport promotion policy and activities at all levels. However, it is questionable whether these changes are structural, especially when additional funding options cease. Considering the increased inequalities in sport and physical activity participation, it is important there remains attention for sport promotion of specific inactive target groups.

Funding source
This study was funded by ZonMw, The Netherlands, grant number [10430032010016].
O.6.2-8 Enforcing physical education in the official examinations in Anglophone Cameroon
Authors: Mbuih Kemshi Suleman , Thomas Yembe , Claudius Sama Fred , Rodrique Ngondiep Tamba , Clotilda Akfua , Forsuh Wallen , Mana Mbuih Larissa , Neng Ngwa Maria Goretti 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Cameroon has two main educational systems: English and French, which have a colonial heritage. The controversy is that each educational sub-system has its own curriculum. In the French-speaking part of the country, sports and physical education are mandatory for obtaining the CEPE, Baccalaureate, and any other public examination. In the English-speaking part, sports and physical education are yet to be included in the curriculum. The goal of this policy paper is to change the narrative of the curriculum of public examinations in Cameroon's anglophone educational sub-system by following the example of the country's French part. This policy paper targets curriculum developers, the General Certificate of Education Board, and the Ministries of Education. What will be innovative is that students from English-speaking Cameroon will also be included in sports activities at an early age.

Project or policy description
Development: We used the Health-Enhancing Physical Activity Policy Audit Tool (HEPA PAT) to collect data at the ministries of education, the Ministry of Sports and Physical Education, 197 public schools, and 204 health care facilities. Content analysis, ethnographic studies, and Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis are used to assess why average French-speaking Cameroonians have a longer life span, are physically active, and participate in more high-level sports than their English-speaking counterparts.
The Cameroon Government Certificate (GCE) of Education Board is in charge of putting this project into action. Sports and physical education should be required courses for both the ordinary and advanced levels of the GCE.
We will implement the process and conduct an impact assessment. With the process evaluation, we will monitor if the program is meeting the intended goals. The impact evaluation will give a broader view of the outcome of the program.

Conclusions
When this policy is put into place, the English-speaking part of Cameroon will have HEPA and be pushed to be as healthy and fit as the French-speaking part.
O.6.2-9 Beyond human and public health: a comprehensive analysis of different health concepts in physical activity promotion
Authors: Galindo Roberto , Ammermann Jantje , García Fabio El Kaddouri , Gelius Peter , Abu-Omar Karim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
There is a growing focus on health topics that go beyond individual and public health and attempt to grasp the relationship between the environment, animal and human health.
Currently little is known about how these holistic perspectives are being integrated in the field of Physical activity (PA) and PA promotion. The aim of our systematic review[AJ1] is to present the current state of research regarding PA and the holistic perspectives, including their evolution throughout time, their frequency of appearance in the literature and how they are being utilized in PA related research.

Methods
We conducted a comprehensive search using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science searching for PA, its synonyms and permutations in combination with six previously identified holistic health concepts:
(1) Planetary Health, (2) environmental health, (3) One Health, (4) Eco Health, (5) Geo Health, and (6) Gaia. The search resulted in a total of 924 articles after duplicates were removed. Three independent researchers screened title/abstract and resulting full-texts using Covidence. Results were analysed regarding the frequency of each concept and evaluating the extend of how the health concepts are utilized and implemented in PA promotion.

Results
The screening process resulted in 52 articles that met the inclusion criteria and focused on PA and its promotion in combination with one of the six health concepts. Preliminary results show an increased number of publications regarding holistic health concepts that go beyond human health in the field of PA promotion and its research in recent years.
Results indicate that only few studies implement these health concepts but rather only integrate the terms without its application. Further, the statistical evaluation shows that the concept of environmental health is the most frequently adopted health perspective followed by planetary health.

Conclusion
The identified articles show that the holistic health perspectives gain more relevance in the field of PA promotion. However, there are still only a few studies that apply these health concepts in the field of PA promotion. Further research needs to be conducted on the integration of different health concepts that go beyond human health in the field of PA promotion.
O.6.2-10 Community-based physical activity promotion programs in Porto metropolitan area: characterization and good-practices evaluation
Authors: França Beatriz , Machado Carolina Martins , Franco Sofia , Valente Carlos Pratas , Mendes Romeu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Physical activity (PA) is an important health determinant with recognised benefits. Community-based physical activity programs (CBPAP) are cost-effective in promoting PA. However, the number, type, and quality of these programs in Porto Metropolitan Area (PMA) are unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify, characterize and evaluate CBPAP in this geographic area.

Methods
A systematic way to identify the ongoing CBPAP through the municipalities in PMA was defined. The interventions found were initially characterized through an online form. Then, the interventions that were CBPAP, according to this study criteria, were evaluated on a scale from 0-100% using a good practice characteristics appraisal tool developed by the Portuguese National Physical Activity Promotion Program. An estimated coverage of the programs, was calculated and the scores obtained in the evaluation tool were analysed.

Results
Most municipalities acceded our request to participate (76,5%, n = 13), and 33 ongoing CBPAP were identified. Most of the programs do not restrict participants age (51,5%) and have no costs (75,8%). There were 14 modalities of activity being promoted, where multimodal training was the most common (45,5%). The utilization ratio of CBPAP in PMA was 640/100.000 inhabitants. The good practices evaluation revealed a mean score of 70,3% ± 12,6%. The questions about monitoring and evaluation scored lower (p &lt; 0,001) and the questions about the program detailed characteristics scored higher (p &lt; 0,001).

Conclusions
The variety of exercise modalities and the large proportion of cost-free CBPAP are positive findings. Nonetheless, the low utilization ratio of these programs indicates they may not be a relevant PA promotion strategy in PMA. Clarification for which PA promotion strategies are implemented in this area may be needed, as well as determining if increasing the number of existing CBPAP, or to spread the existing ones, especially in the high population municipalities, are viable strategies. A failure in the evaluation processes of the existing programs was identified in this geographical area. Thus, and responding to national and international recommendations, in order to guarantee the effectiveness of the existing CBPAP, better monitoring and evaluation processes of programs should be implemented.
O.6.3-3 Gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status: intersectoral factors influencing adolescent girls’ participation in sport
Authors: Ljungmann Cecilie , Christensen Julie Hellesøe , Johnsen Helene Rald , Klinker Charlotte Demant , Pawlowski Charlotte 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Adolescent girls’ sports participation are low, particularly among females living in low socioeconomic status (SES) neighbourhoods. Inequalities accumulate at the intersection of gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Understanding this inequity is essential to support better female opportunities in sports participation to reduce inequalities in health. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate how gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status influence girls’ participation in sport.

Methods
Eleven focus groups were conducted from July-October 2021 with in total 44 adolescent girls living in low SES neighbourhoods. Ten had Danish ethnic origin and 34 had other ethnic minority background of whom 18 were born in Denmark with parents born in non-western countries. 21 of the girls were wearing veil as a symbol of their religious background. The inclusion criteria were non-participation in organised sport in their leisure time. The girls were recruited through purposive sampling via schools placed in five different low SES neighbourhoods. Drawing on an intersectoral framework as a tool to understand the complex interaction between gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, a deductive thematic analysis was conducted from verbatim transcripts using NVivo.

Results
Capturing the girls’ own voices, the analyses identified three overarching themes; 1) The little voice inside, 2) Sports are not for girls, 3) Can you do sport with veil? Findings revealed that the barriers for this group of girls had more complex intertwined layers, where gender, ethnicity and socioeconomic status were accumulated. The analyse indicates that gendered societal expectations and stereotypes about femininity, along with cultural and religious norms and socioeconomic factors, act as a barrier for girls to participate in sport.

Conclusions
The results provide insight into intersectional factors that influence sports participation among adolescent girls living in low SES neighbourhoods. The findings among this underrepresented group indicate that gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status should be considered to ensure equal opportunities to sports participation. The findings will be useful to shed light on how interventions should be designed to promote sports participation among adolescent girls in low SES neighbourhoods and thus help promote equity.
O.6.3-4 Children’s Sport Participation and Physical Activity in the Island of Ireland: a cross-sectional study comparing differences in participation between 2018 and 2022
Authors: McClelland Julia , Ng Kwok , Britton Una , Philpott Conor , O'Keeffe Brendan , Sheikhi Ali , Behan Stephen , Lester Diarmuid , Adamakis Manolis , Costa Joao , Coppinger Tara , Connolly Sinead , Goss Hannah , O'Brien Wesley , McFlynn Paul , Murphy Marie , Belton SarahJane , Woods Catherine 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Given the many policies and interventions aimed at increasing physical activity (PA), it is important to understand how levels of PA, sport participation and active travel change over time. The purpose of this study is to assess the participation levels of children and adolescents in sport, PA and active travel in Northern Ireland (NI) and the Republic of Ireland (RoI) and compare differences in participation between 2018 and 2022.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was completed by a sample of schoolchildren in 2018 and in 2022 through the Children’s Sport Participation and Physical Activity (CSPPA) study. A representative sample of primary (n = 1549 in 2018, n = 1758 in 2022) and post-primary (n = 5102 in 2018, n = 7123 in 2022) pupils were surveyed in school using standardised self-report PA and sport participation measures. Descriptive statistics, chi-square analyses, linear regression and logistic regression were run for outcome variables.

Results
Reported participation in daily PA increased at both school levels in NI and RoI between 2018 and 2022 with an increased proportion of pupils meeting the recommended levels of PA (NI: 13% in 2018 and 17% in 2022, RoI: 13% in 2018 and 15% in 2022). The proportion of children taking part in sport at least once a week increased over the last four years at both school levels in NI and RoI. Active travel to or from primary school increased from 36% in 2018 to 40% in 2022 in NI and from 42% in 2018 to 43% in 2022 in RoI. There was no change in the level of self-reported active travel for post-primary pupils in NI. However, reported engagement in active travel decreased from 40% to 35% in RoI.

Conclusions
The findings from this study suggest small increases in participation in self-reported daily PA, school sport, and community sport between 2018 and 2022. Despite this, participation rates and engagement with active travel remain low. These findings are important for policymakers seeking to address inactivity in children and adolescents in Ireland.

Support/Funding Source
This study is funded by Sport Ireland, Healthy Ireland and Sport NI, with support from the Departments of Health and Education in ROI.
O.6.3-7 Participatory video as an evaluation method: lessons learned from a community-based participatory research project with women in difficult life situations
Authors: Sommer Raluca , Sauter Alexandra , Linder Stephanie , Ziemainz Heiko , Abu-Omar Karim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Visual research receives less attention compared to text-based research, especially in evaluating projects for physical activity (PA). This is surprising, since empowering individuals and communities to engage in the assessment tasks, and take decisions about the evaluation process has shown to have a positive impact on outcomes (Fetterman et al., 2018).
NU-BIG[1] set out to involve women in difficult life situations[2] (n = 6) in creating a video to reflect upon the long-term effects of a PA program. It implies “a collaborative approach in which people create a video about themselves to open spaces for learning, enable change and transformation” (Milne et al., 2012, pp.36).

Methods
We conducted a qualitative study using a semi-standardized monitoring protocol, semi-structured interviews (n = 12), field notes (n = 4), and a reflexive focus group interview (n = 1) to investigate the process of making the video.

Results
The video-making process lasted from November 2021 to July 2023. Along the way, researchers and the women involved faced numerous challenges.
For the women, deciding on doing a video resulted in insecurities and often seemed to rather inhibit their active participation. They needed sustained support and guidance from scientists (i.e., organizing meetings, providing content), as well as the help of a media professional to handle practical aspects. However, in later stages of the process, they also experienced dynamic learning, which improved their general media literacy, self-confidence and critical awareness.The women clearly voiced that the video was to be done on their terms. This put the involved researchers in a challenging situation. Researchers were forced to continuously reflect on their own role and identity in the process, and had to relinquish control. This required them to be flexible in e.g. the facilitation of meetings and a permanent ability to adapt to spontaneous situations and demands.

Conclusions
The video enabled women to share how PA had influenced their lives, allowing them to reclaim their voices and combat feelings of marginalization. As an evaluation method, it can enable relevant stakeholders to gain valuable data, which can contribute to social change. Visual research methods should be given more importance, particularly in community-based projects with vulnerable population groups.
O.6.3-8 The challenge of participatory projects for physical activity promotion: what to scale and how to scale?
Authors: Sommer Raluca , Till Maike , Sauter Alexandra , Abu-Omar Karim , Gelius Peter 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Effective pilot interventions for physical activity (PA) promotion should be scaled up, i.e. transferred to broader contexts while permanently integrating them into policies or systems (WHO, 2010). This study explores the scale-up strategies of four German projects that developed actions for PA promotion based on a participatory approach (Gelius et al., 2021), highlighting the challenges encountered while transferring the participatory approach to other contexts and reaching other population groups.

Methods
We conducted a qualitative study based on document analysis and 15 semi-structured focus group interviews with each of the projects’ research teams. The ExpandNet framework (WHO, 2010) was used to retrospectively analyze the scale-up strategies as well as key elements (i.e., innovation, user organization, environment) utilized in the projects.

Results
The projects succeeded in transferring effective pilot interventions to a total of 16 new sites (“horizontal” scale-up). At some sites, the process ran smoothly, while at others, the employed scale-up strategies differed from the initial plan. As a result, some projects scaled the participatory component, while others the specific actions previously developed in the pilot project. Also, in some projects, political support and other favorable circumstances allowed for institutionalizing PA promotion actions on a higher organizational level (“vertical” scale-up).

Conclusions
When participatory approaches are used as mechanisms to co-create an agenda for PA promotion jointly with researchers, population groups, and relevant stakeholders, it seems that multiple strategies may be employed for scale-up. Participatory projects can be scaled-up horizontally or vertically, i.e. by focusing either on the participatory approach as a whole or on specific actions developed using the participatory approach in a previous pilot project. There is a need to develop novel theoretical concepts of scalability that capture the diversity of approaches observed in our study.

Note
This study was conducted within the Capital4Health, a consortium funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [01EL1821A-F].
O.6.3-10 Investigating the impact of a school garden intervention on children’s school motivation, climate literacy, food literacy and physical activity: the FoodACT protocol
Authors: Stage Anna , Bølling Mads , Nielsen Glen , Bentsen Peter , Aadahl Mette , Otte Camilla Roed , Elsborg Peter 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Globally, too many children are not sufficient physically active and have unhealthy food habits with the highest prevalence seen in families with low socio-economic-status (SES). Previous research has stated that schools are considered a key setting for promoting children physical activity (PA), food literacy (FL) and to improve their social health. School gardens is exactly such an intervention where teaching is relocated to an outdoor setting. Relocation of teaching, which is a central ingredient of school gardens, has shown to be positively related to increased PA in both boys and girls during the school day. School gardens aim towards practical experience and education in food and climate. PA is not I focus, but the school garden learning environment provides pupils opportunities to be active. Therefore, the FoodACT study aims to investigate how a school gardening intervention impact pupils school motivation, CL, FL and PA with a special attention on children with low SES.

Methods
The FoodACT study is designed in three sub-studies. An efficacy study, quantifying the effects of school gardens using a pre-post quasi-experimental design measuring the pupils’ FL, CL and SM. A within-subject-design association study, quantifying the influence of the school garden activities on pupils PA at two sessional periods during the intervention. An association study, investigating the contextual characteristics of the school garden activities using the systematic observations instrument, The Physical Activity Research and Assessment tool for Garden Observation (PARAGON), which can capture pupils’ movements and motions categorised in ‘overall PA-level’, ‘garden-related tasks’, ‘garden related motions’, ‘social associations’, and ‘interaction’. The observations is supplemented by pupil focus-group interviews about their experience of the school garden intervention.

Results
Study design, recruitment experience and pilot-study data on PA and garden activity observations will be presented.

Funding
The FoodACT study is funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation (Grant no: 077522).