bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflection to enhance dental students´ awareness of and comfort with uncertainty – an experimental study
Authors: Brodén Joséphine , Fransson Helena , Vareman Niklas , Pigg Maria 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Uncertainty is present in many situations in dental practice, but must not prevent wise clinical decision-making. Dental education should acknowledge uncertainty and teach useful management strategies. This study explored if dental students are aware of, and comfortable with uncertainty. The aims were to (i) measure students’ comfort or discomfort with and awareness of uncertainty while conducting risk assessment, and (ii) investigate whether a reflection exercise makes the students more aware of, and comfortable with, uncertainty.

Methods
In January 2021, final-year students (n = 51) were randomized to either a structured written reflection exercise (intervention) or to a control exercise. Five months later, in June, each group was assigned the other exercise (cross-over design; ensuring a sufficient sample). Students’ statements of uncertainty and comfort were gathered using a developed questionnaire before and after the exercises. The students were blinded to which of the exercises was the intervention. The exercises and questionnaire were administered in mandatory sessions on an internet-based learning platform, ensuring anonymity and informed consent. Potential carryover effects were mitigated by analyzing intervention exercise data from both groups but control exercise data only from the first group.

Results
At baseline 80% (41/51) of the students stated feeling very uncertain, uncertain or neither certain nor uncertain about assessing the risk and 84% were comfortable or very comfortable with their ability to handle the situation, with no between-group differences. The majority, 57% (29/51) of the students stated that they thought an experienced colleague would feel certain or very certain. After the exercise in June, 36% (9/25) of the students exposed to the reflection exercise changed their statements on how certain they felt about their capacity to handle the case.

Conclusions
The exercise did not affect the awareness of uncertainty and the students’ comfort with it, as the majority of students stated already feeling comfortable in their ability to handle the situation at baseline. However, the reflection exercise highlighted the students’ perception that experience is important in managing uncertainty. There is a need for further research to better understand students’ and teachers’ perception and attitudes to uncertainty and its effective management.

Clinical trial number
Not applicable.
Exploring nursing students’ learning experiences within tripartite meetings in nursing home clinical placements: a qualitative study using video-stimulated recall interviews
Authors: Dalsmo Ingrid Espegren , Laugaland Kristin Alstveit , Billett Stephen , Ekra Else Mari Ruberg 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Nursing students’ clinical learning is premised on experiences in clinical placements in nurse education, with the processes and outcomes of tripartite meetings among the student, nurse preceptor and teacher being central components. The tripartite meetings form the basis and framework for stakeholders’ dialogue and collaboration and have the central purpose of facilitating student learning and development and assessing the students’ achievement against predetermined learning outcomes for the placement period. Students’ experiences with tripartite meetings seems to be an underexplored field, and therefor this study aimed to explore first-year nursing students’ learning experiences within tripartite clinical placement meetings in nursing homes.

Design and methods
A qualitative explorative and participatory approach was adopted in this study, using the video-stimulated interview method “stimulated recall— dialog and reflection”. This method is based on video recordings with subsequent interviews, where video excerpts were used to support reflection and dialogue. Twenty-one video-stimulated recall interviews were conducted with first-year nursing students (n = 7) to explore their learning experiences within the tripartite meetings.

Findings
Data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis as described by Braun and Clarke. Four themes were identified: (1) the importance of structure and preparedness; (2) supportive relations and dialogue essential for learning; (3) a possibility to create a common learning focus; and (4) assessment needs to be comprehensive and performance focused.

Conclusions
This study highlights that tripartite meetings can be an excellent forum to support the nursing students’ learning process in their clinical placements. Still, consistent and systematic approaches to clinical placement supervision and assessment need to be developed continuously. Therefore, the study’s findings suggest that targeted efforts are warranted to optimise and enhance the learning potential offered in tripartite meetings in clinical education, such as paying a greater attention to the start-up conversation and facilitating comprehensive supervisory and assessment content in the meetings.
Chiropractic international research collaborative (CIRCuit): the development of a new practice-based research network, including the demographics, practice, and clinical management characteristics of clinician participants
Authors: Young Kenneth J , Aspinall Sasha , Mior Silvano , Gliedt Jordan , Spencer Joseph , Børsheim Christoffer , Nash Jennifer , Ricci Melinda , Shurr Jonathan , Axén Iben 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Objectives
To describe the structure and development of a new international, chiropractic, practice-based research network (PBRN), the Chiropractic International Research Collaborative (CIRCuit), as well as the demographic, practice, and clinical management characteristics of its clinician participants. An electronic survey was used to collect information on their demographics, practice, and clinical management characteristics from clinicians from 17 October through 28 November 2022. Descriptive statistics were used to report the results.

Background
PBRNs are an increasingly popular way of facilitating clinic-based studies. They provide the opportunity to collaboratively develop research projects involving researchers, clinicians, patients and support groups. We are unaware of any international PBRNs, or any that have a steering group comprised of equal numbers of clinicians representing the different international regions.

Results
77 chiropractors responded to the survey (0.7% of EBCN-FB members). 48 were men (62%), 29 women (38%). Thirty-six (47%) were in North America, 18 (23%) in Europe, and 15 (19%) in Oceania. Participants reported predominantly treating musculoskeletal issues, often with high-velocity, low-amplitude spinal manipulation (95%), but also with soft tissue therapy (95%), exercise (95%), and other home care (up to 100%).

Methods
The development of CIRCuit is described narratively. Members of the Evidence-Based Chiropractic Network Facebook group (EBCN-FB) were invited to become clinician participants by participating in the survey.

Conclusions
This paper describes the development of a new PBRN for chiropractors. It offers a unique opportunity to facilitate the engagement of clinical chiropractors with research, as well as for academics to readily be able to access an international cohort of clinicians to collaboratively develop and conduct research. Although the results of the survey are not statistically generalisable, the initial cohort of CIRCuit clinician participants use similar techniques on similar types of conditions as the profession at large. The international structure is unique among PBRNs and offers the opportunity to help develop innovative research projects.
Barriers to and facilitators of point-of-care ultrasound utilization among physicians, nurse practitioners, and nurses in Japan: a comparative study
Authors: Yamada Toru , Kimura Takuma , Shigetomi Kyoko , Shinohara Takahiro , Ouchi Shuji , Mabuchi Suguru , Kusama Tomoko , Ishida Takeshi , Hashimoto Masayoshi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a valuable skill for generalist physicians, nurse practitioners (NPs), and nurses; however, its utilization remains limited. This study was performed to investigate the current status, barriers, and facilitators of POCUS implementation among physicians, NPs, and nurses in family and hospital medicine in Japan and to identify differences in influencing factors between physicians and NPs/nurses.

Results
A web-based survey was distributed via the mailing lists of four major academic societies in general medicine in Japan—the Japanese Society of Hospital General Medicine, the Japan Primary Care Association, the Japanese Association for Home Care Medicine, and the Japan Society of Nurse Practitioner—from April to June 2024. The respondents included physicians, NPs, and nurses affiliated with these societies. Responses from other professions, duplicate entries, and incomplete surveys were excluded from the analysis, resulting in 913 valid responses (692 physicians and 221 NPs/nurses). Physicians reported a higher POCUS implementation rate than NPs/nurses (73.0 vs. 63.4%, p = 0.006). The top two barriers were consistent across both groups: lack of training opportunities (p = 0.385) and lack of image acquisition skills (p = 0.369). However, NPs/nurses reported significantly greater barriers than did physicians, including lack of mentors (p < 0.001), lack of interpretation skills (p = 0.007), lack of confidence (p < 0.001), poor access to ultrasound devices (p < 0.001), and absence of institutional guidelines (p < 0.001). The top facilitators for both groups were good access to ultrasound devices (p = 0.078) and increased training opportunities (p = 0.240), with no significant differences between them. Compared with physicians, NPs/nurses expressed a significantly higher demand for nearby mentors (p < 0.001), institutional support (p < 0.001), and POCUS certification (p = 0.005).

Conclusions
There is currently a lack of POCUS training opportunities across all professional roles. To promote POCUS adoption among NPs and nurses, it is essential to develop mentorship programs, establish institutional guidelines, and create an environment that enables NPs and nurses to perform POCUS confidently through measures such as certification programs.
Preoperative smoking cessation interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alsanad Mohammed , Aljanoubi Mohammed , Alenezi Faraj K. , Farley Amanda , Naidu Babu , Yeung Joyce 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Smoking is the leading single cause of preventable death in England and also increases the risk of postoperative complications. The preoperative period is a potential opportunity to introduce smoking cessation interventions to smokers to reduce the risk of postoperative complications. A systematic search was conducted to find all studies that investigated the effectiveness of preoperative smoking cessation interventions. The primary outcome was smoking cessation at surgical time to the last follow-up, and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications that required treatment or ICU admission. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to synthesize the outcomes. Sixteen studies were included in the review (3505 participants), and 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis (2940 randomized participants). The quality of evidence was moderate due to the high risk of bias and heterogeneity. We found that patients who were provided with a smoking cessation intervention had significantly increased odds of quitting smoking by the time of surgery compared with usual care, with a reported relative risk (95% CI) 1.64 (1.30–2.07) and at the longest follow-ups with RR (95% CI) 1.38 (1.12–1.70). Moreover, there was no difference found in the rate of postoperative complications between intervention and control conditions with RR (95% CI) 0.81 (0.62–1.06). The use of standardized outcome measurements is recommended to reduce heterogeneity for future studies, and further investigation focusing on patient perspectives is needed.

Trial registration
PROSPERO CRD42023423202.
Salivary proteomics and metaproteomics identifies distinct molecular and taxonomic signatures of type-2 diabetes
Authors: Samodova Diana , Stankevic Evelina , Søndergaard Mathilde Sonne , Hu Naiyu , Ahluwalia Tarunveer S. , Witte Daniel R. , Belstrøm Daniel , Lubberding Anniek Frederike , Jagtap Pratik D. , Hansen Torben , Deshmukh Atul S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Saliva is a protein-rich body fluid for noninvasive discovery of biomolecules, containing both human and microbial components, associated with various chronic diseases. Type-2 diabetes (T2D) imposes a significant health and socio-economic burden. Prior research on T2D salivary microbiome utilized methods such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, 16S rRNA sequencing, and low-throughput proteomics.

Results
We conducted ultrafast, in-depth MS-based proteomic and metaproteomic profiling of saliva from 15 newly diagnosed T2D individuals and 15 age-/BMI-matched healthy controls (HC). Using state-of-the-art proteomics, over 4500 human and bacterial proteins were identified in a single 21-min run. Bioinformatic analysis revealed host signatures of altered immune-, lipid-, and glucose-metabolism regulatory systems, increased oxidative stress, and possible precancerous changes in T2D saliva. Abundance of peptides for bacterial genera such as Neisseria and Corynebacterium were altered showing biomarker potential, offering insights into disease pathophysiology and microbial applications for T2D management.

Conclusions
This study presents a comprehensive mapping of salivary proteins and microbial communities, serving as a foundational resource for enhancing understanding of T2D pathophysiology. The identified biomarkers hold promise for advancing diagnostics and therapeutic approaches in T2D and its associated long-term complication
On the equation of motion in N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma
Authors: Zarrinkamar Saber 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this short note, an analytical solution to the equation of motion arising in the study of&#xD;deep inelastic scattering off a N = 4 Yang-Mills Plasma is provided via the ansatz approach.&#xD;It is demonstrated that without making an approximation the equation of motion which can be&#xD;transformed into the general form of Heun differential equation for which closed form solutions are&#xD;available if certain relations among parameters hold. Comments on the solutions and suggestions&#xD;for possible further steps are provided.
Health, the Body, and Female Authority in Ibn al-Ḥājj’s al-Madkhal
Authors: Stephan Tara 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
During the Mamlūk Sultanate (1250–1517), treatises on innovation, which detail new and corrupting religious practices, became popular. Ibn al-Ḥājj’s (d. 1336) al-Madkhal intertwines the legal concept of intention with innovation in a guidebook that enumerates problems in society ranging from religious rituals to holidays to medicine. This article approaches Ibn al-Ḥājj’s text by considering its genre, context, and themes of health and gender. Then it discusses his use of the category of intention as it relates to examples dealing with the female body and two case studies of female authority, which complicate our understanding of his views on masculinity and femininity, piety, and physical and spiritual health. The moments when Ibn al-Ḥājj considers women in positions of power reveal the variety of techniques he employs to enforce a proper gender hierarchy in which men have power over women. The text illustrates a tension between his ideal society and one that sometimes necessitates female authority, leading to differing methods of argumentation to reconcile the society in which he lives with the one he envisions.
Locating Subaltern Resistance and Resilience in Laila Lalami’s The Moor’s Account
Authors: Salam Wael J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article explores the thematic and aesthetic depictions of the colonized in Laila Lalami’s The Moor’s Account (2014) by extending the postcolonial theory of the subaltern. This Moroccan American novel reconstructs the colonial history of the sixteenth-century Spanish conquest narrated in Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca’s 1542 Chronicle of the Narváez Expedition by giving voice to the slave Mustafa/Estebanico and other subaltern peoples, including female slaves and Native Americans. The protagonist Mustafa asserts his Muslim, Moroccan identity, which has been erased by Cabeza de Vaca’s chronicle. He also makes the reader attend to the colonized silenced by the colonizer’s hegemonic discourse. The Moor’s Account therefore opens new possibilities for rewriting the history of subaltern groups, their resilience, and their local forms of resistance to colonial powers, thus extending our understanding of subalternity.
Nup107 contributes to the maternal-to-zygotic transition by preventing the premature nuclear export of pri-miR427
Authors: Kostiuk Valentyna , Kabir Rakib , Levangie Kaitlin , Empke Stefany , Morgan Kimberly , Owens Nick D. L. , Lusk C. Patrick , Khokha Mustafa K. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Emerging evidence suggests that the nuclear pore complex can have unique compositions and distinct nucleoporin functions in different cells. Here, we show that Nup107, a key component of the NPC scaffold, varies in expression over development: it is expressed at higher levels in the blastula compared to the gastrula, suggesting a crucial role before gastrulation in Xenopus. We find that depletion of Nup107 affects the differentiation of the early germ layers leading to an expansion of the ectoderm at the expense of endoderm and mesoderm. By analyzing an RNA-sequencing time course, we observed that depletion of Nup107 affects the maternal-zygotic transition by delaying the degradation of maternal transcripts that occurs as zygotic transcription begins. The transcripts are enriched in recognition sites for miR427, a conserved microRNA that destabilizes maternal transcripts including REST, which encodes a Kruppel-type zinc-finger transcription factor that we demonstrate is crucial for ectodermal cell fates. Mechanistically, we show that Nup107 is required to prevent the premature export of pri-miR427 transcript before processing. Nup107 depletion leads to the reduced production of mature miR427 and maternal transcript stabilization. We conclude that high levels of Nup107 in the early embryo are crucial for the nuclear retention and subsequent processing of pri-miR427 transcripts that is required for timely maternal RNA clearance to enable gastrulation.
Understanding the dynamics of research policy fellowships: an evaluative analysis of impacts and ecosystem effects
Authors: Benson-Egglenton Jessica , Flinders Matthew 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Although research-to-policy (R2P) fellowships are increasingly used to facilitate mobility, promote knowledge-exchange, and support evidence-based policy making, the evaluation of these initiatives in terms of (multi-level) impacts and broader ‘ecosystem effects’ remains under-researched.

Aims and objectives:
The aim of this article is to evaluate the degree to which the first cohort of Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Policy Fellows (2021–2023) can be seen as a successful pilot initiative. The broader objective being to make a distinctive and original contribution to the debate about ‘what works’ when it comes to promoting research–policy engagement and contribute to research impact evaluation methods.

Methods:
Two rounds of surveys were conducted with fellows and hosts towards the beginning and middle of the scheme. Survey data was then used to design a semi-structured interview framework. Interviews were conducted with 18 fellows and ten representatives from policy host institutions. A thematic analysis of interview transcripts was then conducted using qualitative data analysis software.

Findings:
The central argument of this article is that although the early-stage evaluative evidence suggests that the ESRC Policy Fellows initiative ‘worked’ in terms of its primary ambitions, significant questions exist in relation to systemic concerns that may well limit medium- and long-term impact attainment.

Discussion and conclusion:
As facilitating the mobility of people, knowledge and talent across traditional disciplinary, professional and institutional boundaries continues to form a key driver within the research, development and innovation ‘ecosystem’, the results of rare cohort evaluation studies such as the one outlined in this article take on added significance. Opportunities exist to refine and align future investments for maximum social and scientific value.
Simultaneous generation of a stepped-frequency signal and microwave frequency comb based on a dual recirculating frequency shift loop
Authors: Cheng Hui , Ma Jianxin 
Published: January 2025

A scheme to generate a stepped-frequency (SF) signal and microwave
frequency comb (MFC) simultaneously based on a dual recirculating
frequency shift loop (RFSL) is proposed and demonstrated by
simulation. In a photoelectric RFSL (loop 1), the DPMZM generates two
first-order optical sidebands by the RF signal and RF pulse. The two
frequency components beat in a photodiode and produce a frequency
shift RF pulse, one part of which feeds back to the DPMZM to replace
the initial RF pulse. As the number of cycles increases, loop 1 can
output an SF signal. An optical RFSL (loop 2) is driven by the one
period of the SF shift signal from loop 1, generating an optical
frequency comb (OFC) with a linearly decreasing frequency spacing. The
OFC can be converted to multiple sets of equispaced MFCs by
self-heterodyne detection and MFC with linearly decreasing frequency
spacing by heterodyne detection. In a proof-of-concept simulation,
loop 1 successfully generates an SF signal consisting of five
sub-pulses with the frequency increasing from 6 to 10 GHz in a
frequency increment of 1 GHz. The OFC output from loop 2 is
converted into five sets of MFCs with different frequency bands,
frequency spacings, and comb lines by self-heterodyne detection, whose
power fluctuations are less than 3 dB and SNRs are greater than
20 dB. It also generates MFC with a linearly decreasing
frequency spacing by heterodyne beating with an optical carrier via a
balanced photodiode, with a power fluctuation of less than
1.39 dB and a signal-to-noise ratio larger than 34 dB.
By adjusting the bandwidth of the EBPF and the frequency of the input
signals, the parameters of the SF signal and MFCs can be tuned
flexibly. By reconfiguring the driving RF signals, an RF signal with
decreasing frequency and MFC with a linearly increasing frequency
spacing can be generated.