bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond sanctions and anti-sanctions: examining the impact on sustainable competition and China’s responses
Authors: Gu Tianjie , Zhao Jun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Unilateral economic sanctions are increasingly utilized as a tool for strategic competition among states. The lack of stringent regulations in international law has encouraged states to counter such sanctions by enacting domestic legislatures such as blocking and anti-sanction laws. The complex network of sanctions, blocking statutes, and anti-sanctions has rendered cross-border trade and investment activities more challenging. Sustainable development has a competitive dimension, which requires states and entities to be commercially competitive and to pursue sustainable development goals. Unfortunately, the abuse of sanctions and anti-sanctions, as prognosticated by the Hawk-Dove game theory, has promoted lawfare instead of healthy competition among states. Research has shown that the abuse of these sanctions and anti-sanctions has worsened competitive patterns among nations, leading to a decrease in their resilience ability and severely damaging sustainable development goals. In recent years, China has faced increased pressure from economic sanctions due to trade frictions with other regions, particularly the United States. This paper aims to examine China’s approach in responding to unilateral economic sanctions, supplemented by an analysis of China’s recently enacted anti-sanction and blocking laws. This paper will also further the understanding of how states should respond to and apply unilateral economic sanctions through international law based on China’s experience.
Cowanin induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells via Bcl-2 signaling pathway
Authors: Wahyuni Fatma Sri , Syafri Suryati , Permatasari Dita , Hefni Dira , Hamidi Dachriyanus , Nomiza Nur Azizah , Rezti Indri Aulia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the effect of cowanin the mechanism of cowanin toward cell death and BCL-2 protein (antiapoptotic) expression of T47D breast cancer.

Methods
The cell death was evaluated by double staining, namely acridine orange and propidium iodide, and then observed under a fluorescence microscope. Meanwhile, the BCL-2 protein expression was determined by western blotting with measurement of protein area and protein density.

Results
The result found T47D breast cancer cells were viable, apoptosis, and necrosis after treatment with cowanin. The average viable cells, apoptosis, and necrosis percentages were 54.13 %, 45.43 %, and 0.44 %, respectively. Statistical analysis showed cowanin could significantly induce death in T47D breast cancer cells by apoptosis (p<0.05). It was also revealed that cowanin and positive control (doxorubicin) treatment had a significantly decreased protein area and protein density (p<0.05).

Conclusions
It can be concluded that cowanin can induce death in T47D breast cancer cells by apoptosis and affect the expression of Bcl-2 protein in T47D breast cancer cells.
In Situ Experiment on Velocity Response Induced by Vibroflotation in Calcareous Sand Foundation
Authors: Ding Xuanming , Zhao Jinqiao , Ou Qiang , Hu Jian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Vibroflotation is an effective method to improve the bearing capacity and liquefaction resistance of filling calcareous sand foundation. In this paper, an in situ experiment was conducted to study the vibration attenuation in three different directions. Six vibro-compaction positions were carried out in succession with 16 velocity transducers embedded in 3 directions in a plane. The rule of velocity attenuation can be explained by power function, which is consistent with previous studies. It can be found that a significant decrease of the velocity can be observed near the vibration source. However, the velocity can still spread to a long distance. This study compared the geometric and material damping coefficients of the vibration transmission in the calcareous sand. Additionally, vibroflotation can largely raise the dense degree of calcareous sand foundation, as evidenced by the gradually slow tendency of velocity attenuation. The vibrator is under a fixed frequency of 25 Hz, which is reflected by frequency-amplitude graphs. This study extends the investigation of wave propagation in strengthening calcareous sand foundation.
Light Adaptation of Retinal Rod Bipolar Cells
Authors: Griffis Khris G. , Fehlhaber Katherine E. , Rieke Fred , Sampath Alapakkam P. 
Published: May 2023

The sensitivity of retinal cells is altered in background light to optimize the detection of contrast. For scotopic (rod) vision, substantial adaptation occurs in the first two cells, the rods and rod bipolar cells (RBCs), through sensitivity adjustments in rods and postsynaptic modulation of the transduction cascade in RBCs. To study the mechanisms mediating these components of adaptation, we made whole-cell, voltage-clamp recordings from retinal slices of mice from both sexes. Adaptation was assessed by fitting the Hill equation to response-intensity relationships with the parameters of half-maximal response (I1/2), Hill coefficient (n), and maximum response amplitude (Rmax). We show that rod sensitivity decreases in backgrounds according to the Weber–Fechner relation with anI1/2of ∼50 R* s−1. The sensitivity of RBCs follows a near-identical function, indicating that changes in RBC sensitivity in backgrounds bright enough to adapt the rods are mostly derived from the rods themselves. Backgrounds too dim to adapt the rods can however altern, relieving a synaptic nonlinearity likely through entry of Ca2+into the RBCs. There is also a surprising decrease ofRmax, indicating that a step in RBC synaptic transduction is desensitized or that the transduction channels became reluctant to open. This effect is greatly reduced after dialysis of BAPTA at a membrane potential of +50 mV to impede Ca2+entry. Thus the effects of background illumination in RBCs are in part the result of processes intrinsic to the photoreceptors and in part derive from additional Ca2+-dependent processes at the first synapse of vision.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLight adaptation adjusts the sensitivity of vision as ambient illumination changes. Adaptation for scotopic (rod) vision is known to occur partly in the rods and partly in the rest of the retina from presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms. We recorded light responses of rods and rod bipolar cells to identify different components of adaptation and study their mechanisms. We show that bipolar-cell sensitivity largely follows adaptation of the rods but that light too dim to adapt the rods produces a linearization of the bipolar-cell response and a surprising decrease in maximum response amplitude, both mediated by a change in intracellular Ca2+. These findings provide a new understanding of how the retina responds to changing illumination.
Elevated Galectin-3 Is Associated with Aging, Multiple Sclerosis, and Oxidized Phosphatidylcholine-Induced Neurodegeneration
Authors: Xue Sara , Lozinski Brian M. , Ghorbani Samira , Ta Khanh , D'Mello Charlotte , Yong V. Wee , Dong Yifei 
Published: May 2023

Aging is a significant risk factor associated with the progression of CNS neurodegenerative diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). Microglia, the resident macrophages of the CNS parenchyma, are a major population of immune cells that accumulate in MS lesions. While they normally regulate tissue homeostasis and facilitate the clearance of neurotoxic molecules including oxidized phosphatidylcholines (OxPCs), their transcriptome and neuroprotective functions are reprogrammed by aging. Thus, determining the factors that instigate aging associated microglia dysfunction can lead to new insights for promoting CNS repair and for halting MS disease progression. Through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), we identifiedLgals3, which encodes for galectin-3 (Gal3), as an age upregulated gene by microglia responding to OxPC. Consistently, excess Gal3 accumulated in OxPC and lysolecithin-induced focal spinal cord white matter (SCWM) lesions of middle-aged mice compared with young mice. Gal3 was also elevated in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) lesions and more importantly in MS brain lesions from two male and one female individuals. While Gal3 delivery alone into the mouse spinal cord did not induce damage, its co-delivery with OxPC increased cleaved caspase 3 and IL-1β within white matter lesions and exacerbated OxPC-induced injury. Conversely, OxPC-mediated neurodegeneration was reduced in Gal3−/−mice compared with Gal3+/+mice. Thus, Gal3 is associated with increased neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration and its overexpression by microglia/macrophages may be detrimental for lesions within the aging CNS.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAging accelerates the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Understanding the molecular mechanisms of aging that increases the susceptibility of the CNS to damage could lead to new strategies to manage MS progression. Here, we highlight that microglia/macrophage-associated galectin-3 (Gal3) was upregulated with age exacerbated neurodegeneration in the mouse spinal cord white matter (SCWM) and in MS lesions. More importantly, co-injection of Gal3 with oxidized phosphatidylcholines (OxPCs), which are neurotoxic lipids found in MS lesions, caused greater neurodegeneration compared with injection of OxPC alone, whereas genetic loss of Gal3 reduced OxPC damage. These results demonstrate that Gal3 overexpression is detrimental to CNS lesions and suggest its deposition in MS lesions may contribute to neurodegeneration.
TRPM4 contribution in mouse uterine contractions
Authors: Fouchet Alexandre , Bangando Harlyne Mpweme , Aize Margaux , Simard Christophe , Guinamard Romain 
Published: May 2023

In brief
Inappropriate uterine contractions are a matter of concern during pregnancy or menses. We identified the transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) ion channel as a new actor in mouse uterine contractions highlighting this protein as a potential pharmacological target for a better control of myometrial activity.

Abstract
Control of uterine contractions is of interest in the context of inappropriate myometrial activity during pregnancy and at time of delivery, but it is also a matter for menstrual pain. While several molecular determinants of myometrial contractions have been described, the complete distribution of roles to the various actors is far from understood. A key phenomenon is a variation in cytoplasmic Ca2+ which leads to the activation of calmodulin in smooth muscle and also in the phosphorylation of myosin allowing contraction. The Ca2+ – TRPM4 channel which is known to modulate Ca2+– fluxes in several cell types was shown to participate in vascular as well as detrusor muscle contraction. We thus designed a study to determine whether it also participates in myometrial contraction. Uterine rings were isolated from Trpm4+/+ and Trpm4−/− non-pregnant adult mice and contractions were recorded using an isometric force transducer. In basal conditions, spontaneous contractions were similar in both groups. Application of 9-phenanthrol, a pharmacological TRPM4 inhibitor, dose-dependently reduced contraction parameters in Trpm4+/+ rings with an IC50 around 2.10−6 mol/L. The effect of 9-phenanthrol was significantly reduced in Trpm4−/− rings. The effect of oxytocin was tested and was found to be stronger in Trpm4+/+ rings compared to Trpm4−/−. Under a constant stimulation by oxytocin, 9-phenanthrol still reduced contraction parameters in Trpm4+/+ rings with a smaller effect on Trpm4−/−. Altogether it indicates that TRPM4 participates in uterine contractions in mice and may thus be evaluated as a new target to control such contractions.
Fish sperm cryopreservation using biodegradable containers: New low-cost and environment-friendly methodology
Authors: de Souza França Thales , Gomes Itamar Cossina , Sanches Eduardo Antônio , Pérez Atehortúa Maritza , dos Santos Teixeira Nathalia , Batista Rodrigues Rômulo , de Freitas Thaiza Rodrigues , Lisbôa Benato Jhony , Santos Marques Lis , Regina Seabra de Souza Ana , Pedro Streit Danilo 
Published: May 2023

In brief
The containers used in cell cryopreservation are essential to maintain cell integrity and viability after thawing. This paper reveals the methodology of using biodegradable containers for fish sperm cryopreservation. Cryopreserved sperm in biodegradable containers showed high fertility capability. Biodegradable capsules could be alternative containers to plastic straws for sperm cryopreservation.

Abstract
Containers used to cryopreserve sperm are made with non-biodegradable plastic compounds, having a high monetary and environmental cost. Therefore, the development of biodegradable alternative containers for cell cryopreservation is necessary. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of hard-gelatin and hard-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) capsules as low-cost and biodegradable alternative containers for sperm cryopreservation. Sperm from 12South American silver catfish Rhamdia quelen were individually cryopreserved in plastic straws 0.25 mL (as control), hard-gelatin, and hard-HPMC capsules. The quality of post-thaw sperm cryopreserved in the different containers was checked by measuring spermatozoa membrane integrity, kinetic parameters, mitochondrial activity, fertilization, hatching, and normal larvae rates. The samples cryopreserved in straws showed a higher percentage of membrane integrity (68%) than those frozen in hard-gelatin (40%) and hard-HPMC capsules (40%). However, we did not observe differences between the samples stored in straws and hard capsules for the rest of the tested sperm parameters. Thus, based on the high sperm fertility capability, both capsules were efficient as cryopreservation containers for maintaining sperm functionality.
Sunrise Over Baltimore
Authors: Nichols David G. 
Published: May 2023

This address calls for eliminating health care disparities and was delivered for the inaugural David G. Nichols Health Equity award at the 2022 Pediatric Academic Societies meeting.
As I contemplate the meaning of this award, I am the first to recognize that it is much larger than the current and future recipients and carries far more significance than the person after whom it is being named. This award represents our shared commitment to advancing the health of all children, which cannot be done unless it is done equitably, as called for by the National Academy of Medicine over 2 decades ago.1 I share my journey toward equity and eliminating health care disparities for children with the hope that it will encourage others.
Dynamics of 17β-estradiol under influence of technological operations during production of dairy products
Authors: Kochetova H. S. , Kukhtyn M. D. , Salata V. Z. , Horiuk Y. V. , Kladnytska L. V. , Matviishyn T. S. 
Published: May 2023

Safety of milk can decline because of high concentrations of steroid hormones like 17β-estradiol, which is associated with the development of some oncological diseases and reproductive disorders. We studied the effects of thermal processing of raw milk and technologies of production of butter and yogurt on the concentration of 17β-estradiol. For this purpose, we determined the amount of 17β-estradiol in raw milk, after pasteurization under different regimes, boiling and during the production of butter and yogurt. Content of 17β-estradiol was determined using the method of immunoenzymatic analysis. We determined that low-temperature processing of milk at the temperature of 77.0 ± 1.0 °С for 1 min caused no changes in the structure of the estrogenic hormone 17β-estradiol, resulting in practically no changes in its amount in pasteurized milk. We determined that 17β-estradiol in milk is a temperature-stable hormone with no tendencies towards significant decrease when subject to high-temperature processing (85.0 ± 1.0 °С for 1 min) and during boiling, because the amount of the hormone decreased on average by 5%. Therefore, we may state that after pasteurization or sterilization, the concentration of 17β-estradiol in drinkable milk would not be significantly different from its initial amount in raw milk. We determined significant increase in 17β-estradiol in butter (3896.1 ± 67.5 pg/g), as compared with the concentration in raw milk (189.4 ± 12.5 pg/mL), and its insignificant content in buttermilk was insignificant (29.3 ± 1.8 pg/mL). The concentration of 17β-estradiol in milk decreased by 25% during 9-month storage at the temperature of –18 °С and by 20% at the temperature of –9 °С. This process can be applied to butter made from milk of cows at late stages of lactation, which contains high level of estrogen. We determined that the steroid hormone 17β-estradiol did not break down under the influence of dairy acid that accumulates as a result of lactic acid fermentation, both with the participation of mixed microflora of raw milk and pure lactic-acid bacteria of fermentation starter for yogurt. The prospects of the studies are the development of a safe maximum allowable level of 17β-estradiol in raw milk and methodological evaluation at a milk-processing factory.
Cuidado del hogar y emprendimiento femenino en tiempos de COVID-19
Authors: Fajardo Hoyos Claudia Liceth , Gómez-Sánchez Andres Mauricio , Sarmiento Castillo Juliana Isabel 
Published: May 2023

Objetivo: Identificar los factores que afectan tanto a las actividades del cuidado del hogar como a los emprendimientos realizados por mujeres payanesas para determinar cuáles de ellos pudieron cohesionarse en ambas actividades durante el tiempo de pandemia por COVID-19. Método: Para tal efecto, se implementó un modelo probit bivariado con datos de corte transversal, en el que se determinó la correlación entre ambos fenómenos. En este sentido, se identificaron variables que atañen al background de las mujeres, otras de carácter socioeconómico y algunas exclusivas del emprendimiento que ayudaron a explicar las dos actividades de forma conjunta. La información se obtuvo de un muestreo incidental llevado a cabo en línea en el mes de diciembre de 2020. Resultados: Los principales hallazgos señalan que durante el confinamiento por pandemia el cuidado del hogar y el emprendimiento en el hogar fueron actividades estrechamente relacionadas dado que las horas de cuidado y la jornada laboral estuvieron mezcladas al realizarse actividades propias de cada una de ellas de forma simultánea. Las variables no tener hijos, educación y edad, reducen la posibilidad de cuidar el hogar puesto que los/as niños/as, como personas dependientes, demandan más actividades de cuidado, que han sido atribuidas tradicionalmente a las mujeres. La variable violencia intrafamiliar aumenta considerablemente la probabilidad de cuidado en el hogar. La decisión de realizar o continuar con un emprendimiento en el hogar responde positivamente cuando la mujer no tiene hijos. Conclusiones: En el caso del emprendimiento, las dificultades afrontadas por la empresa o el empleo femenino reducen la probabilidad de iniciar o continuar con el emprendimiento en el hogar. A su vez, el cambio de razón social o la operación restringida del negocio, la aumentan.
Календари и последовательности событий у разных поколений взрослеющих жителей Франции, Эстонии и России
Authors: Митрофанова Екатерина Сергеевна 
Published: May 2023

Композицию перехода во взрослую жизнь можно представить разными способами. Например, через календарь, который образуется путем расчета медианных возрастов наступления разных стартовых событий. Этот способ простой и наглядный, но не учитывающий вариативность индивидуального жизненного пути. Второй способ – использование анализа последовательностей (Sequence Analysis), который работает с целостной цепочкой стартовых событий в рамках каждой отдельной биографии.
Мы применили оба способа и визуализировали переход во взрослую жизнь во Франции, Эстонии и России. Сравнительное исследование было выполнено на данных первой волны опроса «Поколение и гендер» (Generations and Gender Survey) в разрезе пола для поколений, родившихся с 1930 по 1979 гг. В качестве событий-маркеров взросления мы использовали: первое отделение от родителей, завершение образования, вступление в первое партнерство, вступление в первый брак и рождение первого ребенка.
Анализ тайминга показал, что отделение от родителей не меняет своей позиции в календаре наступления событий для рассматриваемых стран и поколений. Получение профессионального образования откладывается только во Франции при движении от старших к молодым поколениям, а в эстонских и российских поколениях изменения медиан не происходит. Демографические события откладываются только во Франции, а в Эстонии и России даже наблюдается омоложение, что высвечивает проблему медианных возрастов: среди молодых поколений еще не все обрели свои стартовые события, поэтому предварительные результаты выглядят как омоложение, хотя это может быть следствием откладывания событий.
Анализ последовательностей нивелировал проблемные зоны медиан и показал конвергенцию паттернов взросления: биографии молодых респондентов становятся более разнообразными во всех трех странах, вступление в брак откладывается, а партнерство становится событием, с которого начинаются демографические траектории.
ENFERMAGEM E CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS EM IDOSOS
Authors: Gonçalves Gisele Mara Silva , Mayr Maria Paula , De Souza Natália Rocha 
Published: May 2023

Objetivo: Ressaltar os principais aspectos relacionados aos cuidados paliativos em idosos. Método: Revisão integrativa considerando artigos publicados de 2015 a 2021 em qualquer idioma e disponíveis nas bases acessadas via Portal de Periódicos Capes, a partir dos descritores indexados DeCS/MeSH: aged, palliative care, nurse, quality of life; patient comfort. Resultados: Inicialmente foram identificados 558 trabalhos publicados e após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão a amostra foi composta por 20 artigos selecionados. Conclusão: Com a realização deste estudo, foi possível concluir que o cuidado paliativo do paciente idoso terminal deve ser planejado de forma personalizada de forma que possibilite o apoio humanizado e acate as necessidades de cada paciente. O enfermeiro é um dos pilares mais importantes entre o paciente e a família, realiza o cuidado profissional e pode oferecer um cuidado integral.
REPERCUSSÕES DA COVID-19 NA SAÚDE MENTAL DE TRABALHADORES NOS CENTROS DE ATENÇÃO PSICOSSOCIAL
Authors: Prado Kantorski Luciane , Quinzen Willrich Janaína , Hohmann Antonacci Milena , Da Cruz Guedes Ariane , Neutzling Brum Aline , Silveira de Menezes Etiene , Albuquerque Gonçalves Bianca , Tavares Cavalcanti Maria , Tenório Correia Silva Andréa , Prietto Ballester Dinarte Alexandre 
Published: May 2023

Objetivo: identificar os diferentes perfis de trabalhadores de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) e investigar suas características sociodemográficas e de saúde mental no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: foram convidados os 127 trabalhadores de seis CAPS da cidade de Pelotas – RS, dos quais 82 participaram (taxa de resposta de 67%); os questionários PHQ-9 e GHQ-12 foram aplicados para rastreamento de sintomas depressivos e transtornos mentais comuns, sendo realizada uma análise de clusters. Resultados: os agrupamentos exibiram elevada homogeneidade interna e heterogeneidade externa, permitindo observar associações com as variáveis explicativas e diferenças entre os clusters, que revelam potenciais riscos para depressão e transtornos mentais comuns. Conclusão: os trabalhadores da saúde mental estão expostos a riscos para a saúde mental, sendo necessário compreender o impacto da pandemia da COVID-19 nestes trabalhadores e dar subsídios para atender às suas necessidades.

Palavras-chave: saúde mental, pessoal de saúde, centros comunitários de saúde mental, COVID-19.