bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reengineering professional services through automation, remote outsourcing, and task delegation
Authors: Sampson Scott E. , dos Santos Rebecca Pires 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDigital technology has enabled significant productivity gains in many industries. Manufacturers have benefited from robotics, and service businesses have benefited from self‐service technologies. An area that has seen only meager productivity gains is professional services, such as healthcare, consulting, legal services, and higher education. Despite the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and other new technologies, professional services continue to be labor intensive with high labor costs. In 2021, Sampson published an empirically‐based framework suggesting that emerging technologies would allow professional services to improve productivity by automating some tasks with self‐service technologies, outsourcing some tasks to remote professionals, and delegating some tasks to semiprofessional workers. The underlying theory was that this restructuring hinges on the creative and interpersonal skill requirements of various tasks. Our research builds on Sampson's framework by modeling a professional service operation and studying the influence of task offloading on costs and quality. Our model involves discrete event simulation parameterized by empirical data. We consider labor costs, managerial costs, delay costs (including customer balking), and assessment costs. Results show contexts wherein increased task offloading can reduce costs with negligible impact on quality, suggesting great opportunities for reengineering professional services through increased automation, offshore outsourcing, and task delegation.
Nutrition dose in the early acute phase of critical illness: Finding the sweet spot and heeding the lessons from the NUTRIREA trials
Authors: Patel Jayshil J. , Rice Todd W. , Mundi Manpreet S. , Stoppe Christian , McClave Stephen A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe landmark NUTRIREA‐2 and NUTRIREA‐3 trials compared the route and dose of nutrition, respectively, in critically ill patients with circulatory shock. The results of both trials support a “less‐is‐more” paradigm shift in the early acute phase of critical illness. In this review, the authors outline and appraise the results of the NUTRIREA‐2 and NUTRIREA‐3 trials, introduce the concept of identifying the “sweet spot” for nutrition dose based on severity of illness/nutrition risk and nutrition dose, and identify the unintended consequences of delivering full‐dose nutrition in sicker critically ill patients during the early acute phase of critical illness.
Sodium substitutes potassium requirements of sugar beet under saline–sodic conditions
Authors: Tayyab Muhammad , Sanaullah Muhammad , Wakeel Abdul 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPotassium (K) substitution by sodium (Na) in sugar beet nutrition has been investigated during the last two decades and promising results have been revealed. However, substitution is still not used in agriculture although it has been recommended that Na can replace K to a large degree, proposing an interesting fertilization strategy for such plants. This study investigates the feasibility of sugar beet production on saline–sodic soils considering Na as a substituent for K.AimsThe aim of this study is to develop a fertilizer strategy considering Na concentration in saline–sodic soils as a partial substituent to K fertilizer and to determine the level of substitution.MethodsTwo saline–sodic soils (SAR15 and SAR19 representing sodium adsorption ratios 15 and 19 [mmol L–1]1/2, respectively) with low plant‐available K were selected to investigate the substitution of K fertilizer requirements with indigenous soil Na. A pot experiment was conducted with 20 kg soil per pot having four treatments, that is, KA: recommended K; KB: recommended K–K equivalent to 2.5% of soil Na; KC: recommended K–K equivalent to 5% of soil Na; and control without K fertilizer application were established mixing potassium sulfate (K2SO4) in the soil at the time of sugar beet sowing. The sugar beet plants were harvested 90 days after sowing.ResultsThe results revealed that total plant biomass was significantly improved in KB as compared to KA. This indicates that K requirement of sugar beet was substituted by Na, and KB provided optimum results on SAR15 as compared SAR19 considering all other K combinations.ConclusionIn sugar beet nutrition, K can be replaced by Na to a large degree on saline–sodic soils under K‐deficient conditions. Therefore, sugar beet production on marginal saline–sodic soil can be a win–win strategy boosting sugar beet production and reducing input cost.
Effects of different extraction methods on the phenolic profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the coffee grounds and coffee silverskin (Coffea arabica L.)
Authors: Inácio Heloisa Patrício , Santetti Gabriela Soster , Dacoreggio Marina Volpato , da Silva Haas Isabel Cristina , Baranzelli Julia , Emanuelli Tatiana , Hoff Rodrigo Barcellos , Kempka Aniela Pinto , Fritzen Freire Carlise Beddin , de Mello Castanho Amboni Renata Dias 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundDuring coffee processing, a large volume of waste is generated. This study investigated the phenolic profile, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of coffee grounds and silverskin using different extraction methods.ResultsUltrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE), enzyme‐assisted extraction (EAE), and ultrasound‐assisted enzyme extraction (UAEE) were effective for extraction of polyphenols, with UAE being the method that promoted the highest extraction of polyphenols. The coffee ground and coffee silverskin extracts showed high antioxidant capacity for the three methods ABTS, DPPH, and ORAC (4013.36–3241.89 μmol Trolox/g; 1.82–2.06 IC50 μg/mL; and 26.60–16.20 μmol Trolox/mL, respectively). The phenolic profile demonstrated that most of the compounds in both matrices were chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, 2,4‐DHBA, 2,5‐DHBA, and 3,4‐DHB. EAE promoted a greater release of polyphenols in the coffee ground (2676.42 μg/g), while UAEE was more effective for the coffee silverskin (2111.54 μg/g). The Principal Component Analysis grouped the samples according to the extraction method, based on their content and phenolic potential, for coffee ground and coffee silverskin. As for antibacterial activity, the most expressive result was for Gram‐positive bacteria. For both matrices, when extracted by the UAEE method, they presented the minimum inhibitory concentration to inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Listeria monocytogenes.ConclusionThe extraction methods used are environmentally safe alternatives, enabling the reuse of natural compounds and contributing to the circular economy, seeking to transform waste into raw material for the extraction of compounds of interest and possible subsequent application in agriculture as biofertilizers or bioherbicides.
Effect of abrocitinib and dupilumab on eosinophil levels in patients with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Staumont‐Sallé Delphine , Barbarot Sébastien , Bouaziz Jean David , Chan Chan , Clibborn Claire , Du‐Thanh Aurélie , Feeney Claire , Lejeune Alexandre , Misery Laurent , Nosbaum Audrey , Seneschal Julien , Soria Angèle , Zhang Fan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundEosinophilia is common in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Abrocitinib, an oral Janus kinase‐1 inhibitor and dupilumab, an anti–interleukin‐4 receptor‐α antibody, are approved for moderate‐to‐severe AD. Dupilumab has been associated with transient eosinophilia.ObjectivesTo assess the effect of abrocitinib and dupilumab on eosinophils in patients from the phase 3 JADE COMPARE (NCT03720470) and JADE EXTEND (NCT03422822) trials.MethodsIn JADE COMPARE, patients received once‐daily oral abrocitinib (200/100 mg), placebo or subcutaneous dupilumab (300 mg, biweekly) with background topical therapy. In the ongoing long‐term JADE EXTEND study (Data cutoff: April 22, 2020), dupilumab‐treated patients from JADE COMPARE received once‐daily abrocitinib (200/100 mg) with background topical therapy. The proportion of patients with eosinophilia and hypereosinophilia, and association of eosinophilia with clinical efficacy was assessed. Adverse events (AEs) were also assessed.ResultsOf the 837 patients in JADE COMPARE, 58 (25.7%), 47 (19.7%) and 51 (21.1%) had eosinophilia at baseline in the abrocitinib 200 mg, abrocitinib 100 mg and dupilumab groups, respectively. At Week 16, eosinophilia decreased with abrocitinib 200 mg (9.3%) and abrocitinib 100 mg (19.0%) but not dupilumab (21.5%); no cases of hypereosinophilia were observed with abrocitinib 200 mg compared with abrocitinib 100 mg (1.9%) and dupilumab (2.3%). Decreases in median eosinophil counts were greater with abrocitinib 200 mg (difference, −100/mm3) and abrocitinib 100 mg (−70/mm3) than dupilumab (+25/mm3) or placebo (+30/mm3) at Week 16. Similar trends were observed in patients with comorbid asthma and allergic rhinitis. Eosinophilia decreased from baseline to Week 12 in dupilumab‐treated patients who switched to abrocitinib in JADE EXTEND. Decreased eosinophil counts with abrocitinib correlated positively with improvements in AD severity, itch and sleep loss. No eosinophilia‐associated AEs occurred.ConclusionsAbrocitinib decreased eosinophilia in patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD who had baseline eosinophilia. Resolution of eosinophilia was associated with abrocitinib clinical efficacy.
Intralesional and systemic rituximab in the treatment of primary cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Besch‐Stokes Jake G. , Shahin Ahmad , Bhullar Puneet , Hwang Angelina , Kechter Jacob , Puri Pranav , Butterfield Richard , Costello Collin , Rule William G. , Rosenthal Allison , DiCaudo David J. , Pittelkow Mark R. , Mangold Aaron R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrimary cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma (PCBCL) is a group of B‐cell lymphomas of the skin containing primary cutaneous follicle centre lymphoma (PCFCL) and marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma/lymphoproliferative disorder (PCMZL), which are indolent, and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, leg type (PCDLBCL‐LT), which is aggressive.ObjectivesTo evaluate treatment outcomes between PCBCL subtypes after treatment with rituximab and to compare the efficacy of intralesional against systemic rituximab in indolent subtypes.MethodsA search for patients diagnosed with PCBCL and treated with rituximab (systemic or intralesional) across all Mayo Clinic sites was performed, yielding 39 patients.ResultsEight patients had PCFCL (six treated intralesionally and two systemically), 11 had PCMZL (four intralesional, eight systemic with one dual‐treated) and 20 had PCDLBCL‐LT (all systemic). The average age at diagnosis was 62.1 years (SD = 15.1), with average follow‐up of 1852.6 days (SD = 1473.2). 69.2% of all patients treated with any form of rituximab experienced a complete response (100% PCFCL, 81.8% PCMZL and 50% PCDLBCL‐LT). When comparing all three subtypes, a significant difference was seen in overall treatment response (p = 0.022), and progressive disease rates (p = 0.015), but not in retreatment with rituximab (p = 0.440), time to retreatment (p = 0.757), recurrence (p = 0.907) or survival (p = 0.093). In the indolent subtypes, no difference in overall treatment response (p = 1.000), progressive disease rates (p = 1.000), recurrence (p = 0.650), rituximab retreatment (p = 0.650) or time to retreatment (p = 0.724) was observed.ConclusionsThis study suggests that rituximab, as systemic therapy and intralesional therapy, is effective in the management of PCBCL, and that intralesional therapy should be considered before more aggressive therapy in indolent disease.
Vulnerability of pastoral ecosystems in northwestern Tunisia to climate change
Authors: Hammami Oumayma , Ferchichi Ali 
Published: June 2023

AbstractClimate change is among the most serious impediments to agricultural prosperity in rural areas, particularly livestock. Three pastoral systems: pastoral, semi‐pastoral and agro‐pastoral were identified from a field survey in the Ain Es Snoussi area in northwestern Tunisia. Their vulnerability to climate change was different and depended on their socio‐economic resources. The survey results allowed us to community's adaptation response strategies to involve adjustments in pastoral and no‐pastoral practises. However, the current state of the farms remains fragile despite the various adaptation measures adopted in response to climate change. The most vulnerable are landless and poor pastoralists.
Effects of the combined application of biochar and humic substances on the improvement of saline cropland in the Yellow River Delta of China
Authors: Liu Xiaoyuan , Yang Jingsong , Tao Jianyu , Yao Rongjiang , Li Wenxiu , Xie Wenping , Wang Xiangping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSoil salinization has become a global environmental problem with the potential to cause serious land degradation. Thus, improving salt‐affected soils and enhancing the nutrient utilization efficiency of saline farmlands through scientific and effective measures are urgent scientific problems. In this study, a 2‐year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different soil amendments and their combinations on the dynamics of soil salinity, soil nutrients, and crop yield in a moderately salinized soil (EC1:5 of 0.78 dS m−1 and total salt content of 3.06 g kg−1). Nine soil treatments were implemented: biochar (B), lignocellulose (L), humic acid (H), fulvic acid (F), biochar + humic acid (B + H), biochar + fulvic acid (B + F), lignocellulose + humic acid (L + H), lignocellulose + fulvic acid (L + F), and control (CK). The results demonstrated that the application of F led to a certain reduction on the contents of soil salt, Na+, and Cl− among the soils amended with a single amendment application. The combined application of B and F or H could increase the soil desalination rate and increase the mineral N and Olsen‐P concentrations at a soil depth of 0–20 cm, which improved the grain yield, biological yield, N recovery efficiency (REN), N agronomic efficiency (AEN), N partial factor productivity (PFPN), P agronomic efficiency (AEP), and P partial factor productivity (PFPP). Although the single application of L led to decreases in the grain yield, biological yield, REN, AEN, PFPN, REP, AEP, PFPP, and P physiological efficiency (PEP), the combined application of L and F had superior effects on enhancing the winter wheat grain yield and accumulative nutrient use efficiency. In conclusion, the combined application of B and F or H is recommended to ameliorate salt‐affected soils and improve nutrient availability.
Mucosal flaps prevent neo‐osteogenesis after frontal drill‐out procedures: A computer‐assisted study
Authors: Ye Ting , Zhou Bing , Li Cheng , Zhang Xiaoqing , Shao Yameng , Huang Qian , Cui Shunjiu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveAlthough several mucosal flap techniques have been reported to improve the outcomes in Draf IIb and Draf III procedures, there is scant knowledge on frontal ostium neo‐osteogenesis after reconstruction with mucosa flap. This study evaluates the potential benefits of mucosa flaps on frontal ostium neo‐osteogenesis after frontal sinus drill‐out procedures.MethodsForty‐three patients who underwent extended Draf IIb and Draf III were enrolled. Among them, 20 patients had frontal neo‐ostium (FNO) reconstructed by mucosal flap (group A), and 23 patients did not have neo‐ostium reconstruction (group B). The cross‐sectional area of FNO, frontonasal bone, and the amount of frontal neo‐osteogenesis (FNOG) were measured with OsiriX®. In addition, the Global Osteitis Scoring Scale (GOSS), Lund–Mackay score (LMS), and Lund–Kennedy score (LKS) were also evaluated.ResultsAt one year postoperatively, the remaining neo‐ostium area was significantly larger in group A (p = .001), and group A had significantly less FNOG (p < .05). The month 12 postoperative GOSS score was significantly decreased in group A. In contrast, it slightly increased in group B. Both the average LKS and LMS were significantly reduced in groups A and B at month 12 postoperatively. Still, the average LKS of group A significantly decreased than that of group B at month 12 postoperatively.ConclusionCoverage of the bare frontal bone with the mucosal flap could prevent excessive neo‐osteogenesis and keep the neo‐ostium open widely.Level of Evidence2b
α‐Lactalbumin Peptide Asp‐Gln‐Trp Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis and Oxidative Stress in Free Fatty Acids‐Treated HepG2 Cells and High‐Fat Diet‐Induced NAFLD Mice by Activating the PPARα Pathway
Authors: Chen Haoran , Ma Yanfeng , Qi Xiaofen , Tian Jianjun , Ma Ying , Niu Tianjiao 
Published: June 2023

ScopeDietary intervention has emerged as a promising strategy for the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study is to investigate the ameliorative effects of the α‐lactalbumin peptide Asp‐Gln‐Trp (DQW) against NAFLD and the underlying mechanism.Methods and resultsThe models of lipid metabolism disorders are established both in HepG2 cells and in C57BL/6J mice. The results demonstrate that DQW activates peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα) and subsequently ameliorates lipid deposition and oxidative stress in vitro. Interestingly, GW6471 markedly attenuates the modulatory effects of DQW on the PPARα pathway in HepG2 cells. Moreover, results of in vivo experiments indicate that DQW alleviates body weight gain, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and oxidative stress in high‐fat‐diet (HFD)‐induced NAFLD mice. At the molecular level, DQW activates PPARα, subsequently enhances fatty acid β‐oxidation, and reduces lipogenesis, thereby ameliorating hepatic steatosis. Meanwhile, DQW may ameliorate liver injury and oxidative stress via activating the PPARα/nuclear‐factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2)/heme‐oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) pathway.ConclusionThose results indicate that α‐lactalbumin peptide DQW may be an effective dietary supplement for alleviating NAFLD by alleviating lipid deposition and oxidative stress.
The Gut Microbiome and Autoimmune Hepatitis: Implications for Early Diagnostic Biomarkers and Novel Therapies
Authors: Li Liping , Kang Yongbo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAutoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a serious chronic liver disease that may last for decades and eventually develop into cirrhosis and liver failure. In recent years, people have paid more attention to the microbiome‐gut‐liver axis, which provides guidance for all to explore the role of microbiome in the occurrence and development of liver diseases. In this review, the possible mechanism of intestinal microbes promoting the occurrence of AIH, mainly expounding the key ways such as bacterial ecological imbalance, intestinal leakage, and molecular simulation between microbes and autoantigens is summarized. In addition, this paper also discusses that intestinal microbiome has great potential as a biomarker for early diagnosis of AIH, and intestinal microbiome is also a candidate target for prevention and treatment of AIH. Finally, the study summarizes and prospects the targeted therapy of intestinal microorganisms to prevent the occurrence and development of AIH.
Formulation and numerical applications of efficient pile–soil integrated element considering structural inelasticity
Authors: Wan Jian‐Hong , Bai Rui , Li Xue‐You 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe prediction of pile behavior under extreme loading is an essential consideration in the design. The pile behavior at a large displacement level is governed by the pile–soil interaction and the material inelasticity. The conventional numerical model using a large number of elements is inefficient for modeling the nonlinear pile–soil interaction and structural inelasticity in finite element analysis. To accurately and effectively evaluate the behavior of piles under extreme loading, this paper develops a pile–soil integrated element considering structural inelasticity. The pile–soil interaction force can be efficiently evaluated according to the soil resistance at the Gauss integration points. The different types of p‐y and t‐z curves can be applied in this element to represent soil properties at any soil depth. Zero‐length plastic hinges at the ends and middle of an element are used to capture the inelastic behavior of a pile. The plastic hinges and the soil springs are integrated into the proposed element formulations, and thus one element type is sufficient to conveniently simulate the nonlinear pile–soil interactions. Comparisons between the results of the elastic pile element and the data from published literature and field tests are provided to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
Endoscopic Suture With Chemocauterization: An Effective Treatment of Congenital Pyriform Sinus Fistula
Authors: Tian Jiajun , Cui Peng , Zhang Haiyan , Lv Zhenghua , Xu Wei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveEndoscopic cauterization is an effective method for treating pyriform sinus fistula (PSF). However, these approaches sometimes result in a higher failure rate. We present an effective technique utilizing suture combined with chemocauterization as first‐line treatment in patients with PSF and evaluate the safety and efficacy of its use in 126 patients.Study DesignRetrospective study.SettingTertiary referral center.MethodsRetrospective case review of patients treated between March 2012 and June 2021 at our institution with descriptive statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 126 patients with PSF were included in this study with a mean age of 14.7 years. There was no sex predilection. The majority of patients presented with a left‐sided neck lesion (89.7%). Ten patients presented following prior attempts at the surgery of the PSF at another institution; 8 via open surgery and 2 following endoscopic CO2 laser cauterization; other patients only had a history of repeat incision and drainage or antibiotic treatment. The success rate of obliteration of the internal opening was 96.83% after a single treatment without complications. Following reoperation, a successful outcome was achieved in the remaining 4 patients. Length of stay ranged from 10 to 14 days. No recurrences occurred within 12 to 120 months followed‐up.ConclusionEndoscopic suture combined with chemocauterization is a safe and effective treatment of PSF. Surgery can be performed during the acute cervical inflammatory period without increased risk of complication or recurrence, however, patients found to have acute changes affecting the pyriform sinus should be treated with a staged surgery strategy.
Involvement of the vagus nerve in the anorectic effect of monoacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 inhibition in mice
Authors: Takemoto Kosuke , Kato Hideaki , Higashino Kenichi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundMany of the drugs used for obesity treatment have adverse effects on the central nervous system. Therefore, novel treatments, such as peripherally acting drugs, are needed. Monoacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (MGAT2), highly expressed in the small intestine, catalyzes the first step of triacylglycerol re‐synthesis. MGAT2 inhibition suppresses food intake in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the involvement of the vagus nerve in MGAT2 inhibition‐induced feeding suppression was investigated.MethodsFasted mice were administered an MGAT2 inhibitor. Food intake was measured after HFD re‐feeding, and the effect of capsaicin pretreatment on changes in food intake was evaluated. The number of c‐fos‐positive cells in the nucleus tractus solitarius and levels of appetite regulators were determined after HFD re‐feeding or lipid gavage.ResultsThe anorectic effect of the MGAT2 inhibitor was abolished when vagus nerve function was interrupted by capsaicin. MGAT2 inhibition increased the number of c‐fos‐positive cells in the nucleus tractus solitarius and elevated intestinal oleoylethanolamide, plasma peptide tyrosine–tyrosine and plasma glucagon‐like peptide‐1 levels.ConclusionMGAT2 inhibition suppresses feeding behavior via peripheral vagus nerve signaling and may serve as a novel anti‐obesity strategy with a low risk of unexpected central nervous system‐related adverse effects.