bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Report: Tropical sprue, diagnostic challenges of an old but unrecognized disease
Authors: Guissouma Jihene , Ben Ali Hana , Allouche Hend , Trabelsi Insaf , Hammami Olfa , Yahia Yosra , Mchirgui Ilhem , Mabrouk Marwa , Ghadhoune Hatem 
Published: September 2023

Tropical sprue (TS) is a post-infective disease of the small bowel characterized by a malabsorption syndrome affecting tropics inhabitants and visitors. Diagnosis of TS remain challenging since it can be confused with common diarrheal diseases, especially in non-endemic areas. We report a Tunisian case of latent TS. A 58-year-old male with a history of chronic watery diarrhea, was admitted to the intensive care unit for confusion which was related to dehydration[J1] . Despite the neurological improvement after hydro-electrolytic resuscitation and acid-base disorders correction, the patient continued to have three to five loose stools daily. A nutritional assessment showed a malabsorption syndrome: iron, Vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies; normochromic normocytic anemia and hypoalbuminemia. Gastrointestinal endoscopy showed duodenal villous atrophy and biopsy confirmed subtotal villous atrophy with increased intraepithelial lymphocytosis and a thickened hyalinized [J2] sub-epithelial basal lamina. Celiac disease was evoked, however the patient did not improve on a gluten-free diet and the celiac serology was negative. On re-interviewing, we discovered that the patient had spent two months in India three years prior. Given the travel history, clinico-biological and histological data TS was highly considered and a good response to a five-month antibiotic course combined to nutritional supplementation supported this diagnosis. Clinico-biological, endoscopic and histological findings were overlapping between TS and other malabsorption diseases, explaining diagnosis difficulties. TS should be systematically discussed in tropics visitors presenting with chronic diarrhea. Improvement after micronutrient and vitamin deficiencies replacement combined to a prolonged antibiotic course supports the diagnosis of TS. [J
The psychosocial implication of childhood constipation on the children and family: A scoping review protocol.
Authors: McCague Yvonne , Somanadhan Suja , Stokes Diarmuid , Furlong Eileen 
Published: September 2023

Background: Constipation is a common problem in childhood that can have psychological, emotional, social, and health-related quality-of-life consequences on children and their families. Primary or functional constipation (FC) has no known underlying pathology but can be caused by lifestyle, psychological, and behavioural factors. Misdiagnosis and inadequate management of constipation can result in chronicity that can continue to adulthood, reducing quality of life for the child and their parents/family. It also causes emotional, psychological and emotional distress and concern for children and their families. This scoping review aims to answer the research question, “What has been reported about the psychosocial implication of childhood constipation among children and their families?” Methods: The methodology for this scoping review will draw on the six stages of Arksey and O’Malley Framework and the updated and refined version by Levac et al. (2010) and Peters et al. (2022). The process and reporting will follow the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The Population, Concept and Context (PCC) framework will guide the development of inclusion criteria and the search strategy for this scoping review. Systematic literature searches of PUBMED, CINAHL, ASSIA, PsycInfo and Cochrane Library will be conducted from inception to present. The critical appraisal will be performed on selected articles to promote trustworthiness and methodological rigour. Plans for consultation exercise and dissemination of findings will also be presented. Conclusion: This scoping review aims to present a comprehensive synthesis of the characteristics and extent of available literature to develop an understanding of and identify gaps in current knowledge regarding the psychosocial implication of childhood constipation on children and their families.
Establishing a stakeholder group for primary care focused cancer research in Ireland
Authors: Jacob Benjamin , Burns Heather , Clyne Barbara , O'Connor Laura ,   Primary Care PPI Group (HRB Primary Care Clinical Trials Network), Bennett Kathleen , Redmond Patrick 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Currently, no group specifically supports and coordinates primary care focused cancer research in Ireland. The aim of this project is to establish an inclusive stakeholder group for primary care focused cancer research in Ireland, to coordinate research efforts and build capacity in researchers and institutions. Methods: We will convene a stakeholder group, recruiting individuals with personal and professional experience of cancer care in a community setting. “Core stakeholders”—patients, clinicians, researchers, and policymakers—will attend regularly. Additional “specialist stakeholders”, such as representatives of secondary care, private healthcare, health insurance, industry, cancer charities, and health research funders, will participate on an ad hoc basis. An e-Delphi consensus process will be used to assess the stakeholders’ views on: (1) the relevance and importance of primary care focused cancer research; (2) the potential role and scope of the stakeholder group; (3) how best to engage with lived experience stakeholders and healthcare professionals affected by the research; (4) how best to disseminate results and advocate for translation of findings into practice. Round 1 will be open-ended and will invite the independent suggestions of stakeholders; in Round 2 and 3, group members will vote on the inclusion of these suggestions in a position statement by the group, with consensus defined as ≥75% agreement. Discussion: The formation of a broad stakeholder group to support primary care focused cancer research will ensure research is relevant, patient centered, and more readily translated into practice. It is also hoped that the group will support capacity building and strategic planning in this important research space.
Children learn ergative case marking in Hindi using statistical preemption and clause-level semantics (intentionality): evidence from acceptability judgment and elicited production studies with children and adults
Authors: Maitreyee Ramya , Saxena Gaurav , Narasimhan Bhuvana , Misra Sharma Dipti , Mishra Pruthwik , Bhaya Nair Rukmini , Samanta Soumitra , Ambridge Ben 
Published: September 2023

Background: A question that lies at the very heart of language acquisition research is how children learn semi-regular systems with exceptions (e.g., the English plural rule that yields cats, dogs, etc, with exceptions feet and men). We investigated this question for Hindi ergative ne marking; another semi-regular but exception-filled system. Generally, in the past tense, the subject of two-participant transitive verbs (e.g., Ram broke the cup) is marked with ne, but there are exceptions. How, then, do children learn when ne marking is required, when it is optional, and when it is ungrammatical? Methods: We conducted two studies using (a) acceptability judgment and (b) elicited production methods with children (aged 4-5, 5-6 and 9-10 years) and adults. Results: All age groups showed effects of statistical preemption: the greater the frequency with which a particular verb appears with versus without ne marking on the subject – relative to other verbs – the greater the extent to which participants (a) accepted and (b) produced ne over zero-marked subjects. Both children and adults also showed effects of clause-level semantics, showing greater acceptance of ne over zero-marked subjects for intentional than unintentional actions. Some evidence of semantic effects at the level of the verb was observed in the elicited production task for children and the judgment task for adults. Conclusions: participants mainly learn ergative marking on an input-based verb-by-verb basis (i.e., via statistical preemption; verb-level semantics), but are also sensitive to clause-level semantic considerations (i.e., the intentionality of the action). These findings add to a growing body of work which suggests that children learn semi-regular, exception-filled systems using both statistics and semantics.
MODEL OF FORMING STUDENTS’ RESEARCH COMPETENCIES IN TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AT TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
Authors: Dmitrienko, Nadezhda A. , Ershova Svetlana I. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose. The article examines the process of forming students’ research competency in the process of teaching a foreign language at technical university as the way of improving professional education and students’ self-organization.
Materials and methods. The basis of the research is the theoretical methods (methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization and systematization, projecting). The leading method of research is the method of projecting, and the main humanistic principle is multimodality to ensure students’ integrity, autonomy and subjectivity.
Results. The model of forming students’ research competency has been developed in the context of personal oriented, competent oriented approaches and synergistic methodology. The article determines the main conditions for the formation of students’ research competency. The project model is revealed and the basis of forming research competency is the activity of students’ personal structures. Therefore, they are indicators of increasing the levels of research competencies in the process of teaching a foreign language. The obtained results convincingly testify to the increase in motivation to learn a foreign language, the development of the experience of research competence of students, the motivation to participate in real research projects in the research educational and cultural environment of a technical university. Students’ project activities increase the effectiveness of teaching foreign language communication, the development of research skills, the flexibility of cognitive functions, subjectivity, the formation of research experience, the formation of professional values and meanings.
Scaling Smart Contracts via Layer-2 Technologies: Some Empirical Evidence
Authors: Cong Lin William , Hui Xiang , Tucker Catherine , Zhou Luofeng 
Published: September 2023

Blockchain-based smart contracts can potentially replace certain traditional contracts through decentralized enforcement and reduced transaction costs. However, scalability is a key bottleneck hindering their broader application and adoption, often leading to concentrated or exclusive networks. To avoid falling short of the original promise of the technology, firms actively explore “layer-2” methods for scaling. We provide some initial evidence on the economic implications of a layer-2 scaling solution, which moves information aggregation from on-chain to off-chain peer-to-peer networks. A parallel-system experiment allows clean identification because we observe the same unit in the treatment and control systems at the same time. We find that this scaling solution reduces operating costs by 76%, and importantly, leads to decentralization with lower market concentration and more participation, which in turn improves data accuracy. The findings provide insights on how blockchain and smart contracting technologies evolve toward achieving decentralized and scalable trust. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, information systems. Funding: W. Cong received funding from Ripple’s university blockchain research initiative (UBRI). Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00281 .
Menopausal experiences of women of Chinese ethnicity: A meta-ethnography
Authors: Kabir Md Ruhul , Chan Kara 
Published: September 2023

Objective
Menopause and the changes it brings to a woman’s life necessitate a comprehensive approach to face and experience the transition. This paper aims at synthesizing results from qualitative studies of menopausal experiences among Chinese and other women of similar ethnicity and culture.

Design and method
A comprehensive search strategy of multiple databases along with bibliographic hand searches was employed to identify qualitative studies published in English peer-reviewed journals between 2008 and 2022 focused on the menopausal experiences (peri and post-menopause) of Chinese and other women of similar ethnic backgrounds. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. The final sample consisted of 238 women aged between 40 to 60 years who had experienced menopausal symptoms. This qualitative systematic literature review adopted Noblit and Hare’s seven-stage theoretical meta-ethnographic approach to construct an inductive and interpretive form of synthesis and subsequent analysis.

Syntheses of findings
The synthesis of primary data identified four key concepts that entitle women’s menopausal experiences: being menopausal, ramifications on well-being, family and social support around menopause, and healthcare throughout menopause. The subsequent second-order interpretation revealed that women accepted the inevitability of the natural aging process in the decline of sexual drive, reinvented relationships with partners, and expressed the significance of a supportive environment in order to successfully navigate the transition. Third-order interpretations sought to establish a link between physiological complications, loss of femininity, patriarchal-dominated societal norms, and a support system that spans the entire menopause experience. Healthcare’s contribution has also been deemed to be insufficient due to a lack of information and empathy from health experts. Negligence or reluctance to seek healthcare and skepticism toward hormone replacement therapy (HRT) had also been a source of concern, as they have had the potential to exacerbate medical difficulties and emotional turmoil.

Conclusions and implications for practice
A comprehensive approach that considers women’s physiological and psychological well-being and major attempts to change cultural beliefs and norms about women’s sexual health may be effective in aiding menopausal women during their transition. Additionally, appropriate guidelines and management should be in place to enable women to address menopause difficulties effectively with the assistance of healthcare experts and the support of their families and community.
Features of achieving compensation of hypothyroisis in pregnant women
Authors: Yakubova E. G. 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND: Hypofunction of the thyroid gland in women at the pre-pregnancy stage and during pregnancy is associated with a high risk of congenital hypothyroidism in children, as a result of which irreversible changes in the nervous system are formed. Despite the mandatory intake of potassium iodide preparations, pregnant women often develop gestational hypothyroidism, which requires the appointment of levothyroxine. Many women have episodic hypofunction of the thyroid gland before pregnancy, associated with various factors. Diagnosed hypothyroidism requires hormonal correction. The recommended dose of levothyroxine calculated by the patient’s weight is not always adequate to achieve TSH targets. In addition, there are pharmacological factors. Levothyroxine sodium preparations differ in bioavailability. The stability of drugs is affected by external factors and the composition of fillers from different manufacturers of drugs.AIM: To assess the dependence of TSH reduction on the method of taking levothyroxine in a population of pregnant women.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Statistical analysis and prospective study was carried out from 2019 to 2021. On the basis of the «Perinatal Center», Tyumen, women’s consultative and diagnostic department. Pregnant women with diagnosed primary subclinical and manifest hypothyroidism in the first trimester of pregnancy (n=76) were selected for cohort observation. All pregnant women were prescribed L-thyroxine Berlin-hemi. Other levothyroxine preparations were not used in order to exclude distortion of the results of the study.RESULTS: Pregnant women with hypothyroidism were divided into two groups according to the method of taking L-thyroxine: oral (n=54) and sublingual (n=22). A month later, TSH normalization was observed in 41 pregnant women in the oral group (76%) and in 22 pregnant women in the sublingual group (100%). Women who did not achieve hypothyroidism compensation were recommended sublingual administration without increasing the dose of L-thyroxine, provided that TSH was no higher than 4.0 mcME / ml. A TSH study a month later showed that all pregnant women achieved compensation. CONCLUSION: Based on the conducted research, it is shown that the more rational administration of levothyroxine sodium preparations is sublingual, since there is a slightly alkaline reaction in the oral cavity, which does not have a destructive effect, like gastric juice.
Thyroid functional autonomy — sclerotherapy and radioactive iodine therapy: case report
Authors: Buyvalenko U. V. , Sheremeta M. S. , Kim I. V. , Trukhin A. A. , Korchagina M. O. , Sviridenko N. Yu. 
Published: September 2023

Thyroid functional autonomy (TFA) is the most frequent reasons of subclinical or manifest thyrotoxicosis. Diagnosis of the causes of thyrotoxicosis (destruction or increased functional activity of the thyroid tissue in nodular and diffuse thyroid pathology) is a key point in determining the management of patients with this pathology. Scintigraphy is the method of choice in differential diagnosis of the causes of thyrotoxicosis assessing the functional state of the thyroid gland. Thyroid scintigraphy can be performed using 99mTc-pertechnetate. After normalization of the level of thyroid hormones is confirmed, radical treatment is recommended. It could be surgery or radioactive iodine therapy (RAI). In some cases, especially in the elderly women, TFA is combined with thyroid nodules (TN), which can cause pressure symptoms, cosmetic complaints, and thyroid dysfunction. Minimally invasive treatments, such as percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) sclerotherapy, has been proposed, especially for pressure symptoms and cosmetic complaints, as an alternative to surgery. The presented clinical case will demonstrate the possibility of use sclerotherapy and RAI for the successful treatment of TFA with TN.
Graphical complexes of groups
Authors: Prytuła Tomasz 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We introduce graphical complexes of groups, which can be thought of as a generalisation of Coxeter systems with 1-dimensional nerves.
We show that these complexes are strictly developable, and we equip the resulting Basic Construction with three structures of non-positive curvature: piecewise linear

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graphical small cancellation, and a systolic one.
We then use these structures to establish various properties of the fundamental groups of these complexes, such as biautomaticity and the Tits Alternative.
We isolate an easily checkable condition implying hyperbolicity of the fundamental groups, and we construct some non-hyperbolic examples.
We also briefly discuss a parallel theory of

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C(4)

-

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graphical complexes of groups and outline their basic properties.
Cognitive empathy of osteopathic students: a longitudinal study with data comparisons to the Project in Osteopathic Medical Education and Empathy (POMEE)
Authors: Newton Bruce W. , Vaskalis Zachary T. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Context
Establishing an empathic bond of trust with patients is a characteristic that physicians need, because patients feel that physicians are more caring if they sense that they are empathetic. Former cross-sectional studies have shown an erosion of cognitive empathy as medical students progress through their education.

Objectives
This study aims to measure the changes in student cognitive empathy as they progress through their undergraduate osteopathic medical education. Cognitive empathy scores are compared to the nationwide norms established by the Project in Osteopathic Medical Education and Empathy (POMEE) study by Mohammadreza Hojat, PhD, and colleagues.

Methods
During orientation to medical school, and at the beginning of each subsequent academic year, and just before graduation, the graduating classes of 2017–2019 participated in this longitudinal study by filling out the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Student Version (JSE-S). A total of 345/459 Osteopathic Medical Student (OMS) I-IV students (75.2 % of the graduates) filled out the forms for all five time points. Desired specialty choice and sex were also collected. Specialty choice was divided into Core and Non-Core groups. Core specialties are “people-oriented” and have a large amount of patient contact and continuity of care, while Non-Core specialties are “technical- or procedure-oriented” and have little or no patient contact and/or continuity of care.

Results
Men selecting Non-Core specialties had significant drops in JSE-S scores (p=0.001); whereas men who selected the Core specialties did not have a significant decrease. For women, there was no significant drop in JSE-S scores for those selecting either Core or Non-Core specialties. When compared to POMEE norm data, none of the Campbell University School of Medicine students had JSE-S scores that were above the 50th percentile.

Conclusions
Students selecting Core specialties do a better job of maintaining their cognitive empathy, which aids their ability to establish an empathic bond of trust with patients, when compared to students who desire Non-Core specialties. JSE-S scores not above the POMEE 50th percentile is concerning and indicate either a curricular change to better enhance empathic communication skills and/or better applicant selection.
Approximate controllability for a stochastic elastic system with structural damping and infinite delay
Authors: Peng Jiankui , Gao Xiang , Su Yongbing , Kang Xiaodong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this article, we study the existence of mild solutions and the approximate controllability for a class of stochastic elastic systems with structural damping and infinite delay in Hilbert spaces. The estimation of the control function is discussed, where the expression of the control function is constructed by the defined resolvent operator. Under this estimate, the existence of mild solutions for this system is obtained by the Schauder fixed point theorem and the stochastic analysis theory, and sufficient conditions for the approximate controllability are formulated and proved by using the so-called resolvent operator type condition. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the applicability of our conclusion.
A novel hybrid Fick’s law algorithm-quasi oppositional–based learning algorithm for solving constrained mechanical design problems
Authors: Mehta Pranav , Yildiz Betül Sultan , Sait Sadiq M. , Yildiz Ali Riza 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this article, a recently developed physics-based Fick’s law optimization algorithm is utilized to solve engineering optimization challenges. The performance of the algorithm is further improved by incorporating quasi-oppositional–based techniques at the programming level. The modified algorithm was applied to optimize the rolling element bearing system, robot gripper, planetary gear system, and hydrostatic thrust bearing, along with shape optimization of the vehicle bracket system. Accordingly, the algorithm realizes promising statistical results compared to the rest of the well-known algorithms. Furthermore, the required number of iterations was comparatively less required to attain the global optimum solution. Moreover, deviations in the results were the least even when other optimizers provided better or more competitive results. This being said that this optimization algorithm can be adopted for a critical and wide range of industrial and real-world challenges optimization.