bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negativity vs. purity and entropy in witnessing entanglement
Authors: Schneeloch James , Tison Christopher C. , Jacinto H Shelton , Alsing Paul M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the value of measures of mixedness in witnessing entanglement. While all measures of mixedness may be used to witness entanglement, we show that all such entangled states must have a negative partial transpose (NPT). Where the experimental resources needed to determine this negativity scale poorly at high dimension, we compare different measures of mixedness over both Haar-uniform and uniform-purity ensembles of joint quantum states at varying dimension to gauge their relative success at witnessing entanglement. In doing so, we find that comparing joint and marginal purities is overwhelmingly (albeit not exclusively) more successful at identifying entanglement than comparing joint and marginal von Neumann entropies, in spite of requiring fewer resources. We conclude by showing how our results impact the fundamental relationship between correlation and entanglement and related witnesses.
The impacts of tidal wetland loss and coastal development on storm surge damages to people and property: a Hurricane Ike case-study
Authors: Al-Attabi Zaid , Xu Yicheng , Tso Georgette , Narayan Siddharth 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCoastal wetlands protect communities during hurricanes by reducing storm surge flooding and damages. Previous studies have quantified surge reduction benefits of wetlands, but there is less understanding of how the combination of wetland loss and coastal development influences the spatial distribution of flood extents and damages. In this study we integrate a high-resolution 2-D hydrodynamic model with land-use/land-cover change analyses to assess the effects of total wetland loss, decadal wetland loss, and coastal development on storm surge damages in Galveston Bay, Texas. We measure storm surge flood extents from Hurricane Ike for three scenarios: (i) 2008 Baseline; (ii) 2008 No Wetlands, and (iii) 2019 “Present-day H. Ike”. We find that during Hurricane Ike in 2008, the total loss of coastal wetlands would have increased damages by a net ~ USD $934 million or 12.8% of baseline damages. For the 2019 Present-day H. Ike scenario, we found very few wetlands were lost between 2008 and 2019. If Hurricane Ike had occurred in 2019, damages would have been higher by ~ $2.52 billion or 34.6%, almost entirely due to increased real estate value and new coastal development. Our findings suggest that, while increase in economic exposure is a key driver of storm surge risks in Galveston Bay, effective wetland conservation continues to reduce these risks.
Dynamics between earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and geothermal energy exploitation in Japan
Authors: Gunatilake Thanushika 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntruding magma brings high temperatures close to the surface, thus offering possibilities for harnessing large amounts of heat for geothermal exploitation. Mount Aso in southern Japan showed frequent volcanic activity during 2016, accompanied by significant earthquake activities with tens of thousands of aftershocks (Kumamoto sequence). Here we investigate the influence of earthquake/volcanic activity on the future productivity of nearby geothermal power plants to determine whether the activity is detrimental or beneficial to energy exploitation. Model results show an increase in$${\text {CO}}_2$$CO2pressure and temperature with a spatio-temporal correlation between modeled earthquake locations and aftershock decay rates along the entire sequence, showing that seismic activity opened pre-existing vertical cracks providing pathways for the ascending magma. Interestingly, the minor but still significant eruption of Mount Aso in October 2021 may have enhanced future geothermal power generation, indicating a vigorous and active system, possibly increasing the future geothermal power production.
Modeling of wear resistance for TC21 Ti-alloy using response surface methodology
Authors: Abdelmoneim Ali , Elshaer Ramadan N. , El-Shennawy M. , Sobh Arafa S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of heat treatment processes on the dry sliding wear resistance of the TC21 Ti-alloy at several levels of normal load and sliding speed. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) has been used as a design of the experiment procedure. OM and FESEM besides XRD analysis were used for results justification. Highest hardness of 49 HRC was recorded for WQ + Aging specimens due to the plenty of α″ which decomposed to αs and the more αs, while the lowest hardness of 36 HRC was reported for WQ specimens. The results revealed that specimens subjected to water quenching and aging (WQ + Aging) under extreme load and speed conditions (50 N and 3 m/s), possessed the poorest wear resistance although they had the highest hardness. While those left in the annealed condition revealed the highest wear resistance although they had much lower hardness when compared to other conditions. A mathematical polynomial model for wear resistance expressed in wear rate was developed, validated then used to get the optimum parameters.
Machine learning algorithms distinguish discrete digital emotional fingerprints for web pages related to back pain
Authors: Caldo Davide , Bologna Silvia , Conte Luana , Amin Muhammad Saad , Anselma Luca , Basile Valerio , Hossain Md. Murad , Mazzei Alessandro , Heritier Paolo , Ferracini Riccardo , Kon Elizaveta , De Nunzio Giorgio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBack pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Its emergence relates not only to the musculoskeletal degeneration biological substrate but also to psychosocial factors; emotional components play a pivotal role. In modern society, people are significantly informed by the Internet; in turn, they contribute social validation to a “successful” digital information subset in a dynamic interplay. The Affective component of medical pages has not been previously investigated, a significant gap in knowledge since they represent a critical biopsychosocial feature. We tested the hypothesis that successful pages related to spine pathology embed a consistent emotional pattern, allowing discrimination from a control group. The pool of web pages related to spine or hip/knee pathology was automatically selected by relevance and popularity and submitted to automated sentiment analysis to generate emotional patterns. Machine Learning (ML) algorithms were trained to predict page original topics from patterns with binary classification. ML showed high discrimination accuracy; disgust emerged as a discriminating emotion. The findings suggest that the digital affective “successful content” (collective consciousness) integrates patients’ biopsychosocial ecosystem, with potential implications for the emergence of chronic pain, and the endorsement of health-relevant specific behaviors. Awareness of such effects raises practical and ethical issues for health information providers.
Optimization of a high-throughput nanofluidic real-time PCR to detect and quantify of 15 bacterial species and 92 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes
Authors: Downs Sarah L. , Madhi Shabir. A. , van der Merwe Lara , Nunes Marta. C. , Olwagen Courtney P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSensitive tools for detecting concurrent colonizing pneumococcal serotypes are needed for detailed evaluation of the direct and indirect impact of routine pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) immunization. A high-throughput quantitative nanofluidic real-time PCR (Standard BioTools ‘Fluidigm’) reaction-set was developed to detect and quantify 92 pneumococcal serotypes in archived clinical samples. Nasopharyngeal swabs collected in 2009–2011 from South African children ≤ 5 years-old, previously serotyped with standard culture-based methods were used for comparison. The reaction-set within the ‘Fluidigm’ effectively amplified all targets with high efficiency (90–110%), reproducibility (R2 ≥ 0.98), and at low limit-of-detection (< 102 CFU/ml). A blind analysis of 1 973 nasopharyngeal swab samples showed diagnostic sensitivity > 80% and specificity > 95% compared with the referent standard, culture based Quellung method. The qPCR method was able to serotype pneumococcal types with good discrimination compared with Quellung (ROC-AUC: > 0.73). The high-throughput nanofluidic real-time PCR method simultaneously detects 57 individual serotypes, and 35 serotypes within 16 serogroups in 96 samples (including controls), within a single qPCR run. This method can be used to evaluate the impact of current PCV formulations on vaccine-serotype and non-vaccine-serotype colonization, including detection of multiple concurrently colonizing serotypes. Our qPCR method can allow for monitoring of serotype-specific bacterial load, as well as emergence or ongoing transmission of minor or co-colonizing serotypes that may have invasive disease potential.
Dynamic 3D imaging of cerebral blood flow in awake mice using self-supervised-learning-enhanced optical coherence Doppler tomography
Authors: Pan Yingtian , Park Kicheon , Ren Jiaxiang , Volkow Nora D. , Ling Haibin , Koretsky Alan P. , Du Congwu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCerebral blood flow (CBF) is widely used to assess brain function. However, most preclinical CBF studies have been performed under anesthesia, which confounds findings. High spatiotemporal-resolution CBF imaging of awake animals is challenging due to motion artifacts and background noise, particularly for Doppler-based flow imaging. Here, we report ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence Doppler tomography (µODT) for 3D imaging of CBF velocity (CBFv) dynamics in awake mice by developing self-supervised deep-learning for effective image denoising and motion-artifact removal. We compare cortical CBFv in awake vs. anesthetized mice and their dynamic responses in arteriolar, venular and capillary networks to acute cocaine (1 mg/kg, i.v.), a highly addictive drug associated with neurovascular toxicity. Compared with awake, isoflurane (2-2.5%) induces vasodilation and increases CBFv within 2-4 min, whereas dexmedetomidine (0.025 mg/kg, i.p.) does not change vessel diameters nor flow. Acute cocaine decreases CBFv to the same extent in dexmedetomidine and awake states, whereas decreases are larger under isoflurane, suggesting that isoflurane-induced vasodilation might have facilitated detection of cocaine-induced vasoconstriction. Awake mice after chronic cocaine show severe vasoconstriction, CBFv decreases and vascular adaptations with extended diving arteriolar/venular vessels that prioritize blood supply to deeper cortical capillaries. The 3D imaging platform we present provides a powerful tool to study dynamic changes in vessel diameters and morphology alongside CBFv networks in the brain of awake animals that can advance our understanding of the effects of drugs and disease conditions (ischemia, tumors, wound healing).
Optimized frequency comb spectrum of parametrically modulated bottle microresonators
Authors: Crespo-Ballesteros Manuel , Matsko Andrey B. , Sumetsky Misha 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOptical frequency combs generated by parametric modulation of optical microresonators are usually described by lumped-parameter models, which do not account for the spatial distribution of the modulation. This study highlights the importance of this spatial distribution in the Surface Nanoscale Axial Photonics (SNAP) platform, specifically for elongated SNAP bottle microresonators with a shallow nanometre-scale effective radius variation along its axial length. SNAP bottle microresonators have much smaller free spectral range and may have no dispersion compared to microresonators with other shapes (e.g., spherical and toroidal), making them ideal for generating optical frequency combs with lower repetition rates. By modulating parabolic SNAP bottle microresonators resonantly and adiabatically, we show that the flatness and bandwidth of the optical frequency comb spectra can be enhanced by optimizing the spatial distribution of the parametric modulation. The optimal spatial distribution can be achieved experimentally using piezoelectric, radiation pressure, and electro-optical excitation of a SNAP bottle microresonator.
The Application of Time–Frequency Masking To Improve Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech in Background Noise
Authors: Borrie Stephanie A. , Yoho Sarah E. , Healy Eric W. , Barrett Tyson S. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
Background noise reduces speech intelligibility. Time–frequency (T-F) masking is an established signal processing technique that improves intelligibility of neurotypical speech in background noise. Here, we investigated a novel application of T-F masking, assessing its potential to improve intelligibility of neurologically degraded speech in background noise.

Method:

Listener participants (
N
= 422) completed an intelligibility task either in the laboratory or online, listening to and transcribing audio recordings of neurotypical (control) and neurologically degraded (dysarthria) speech under three different processing types: speech in quiet (quiet), speech mixed with cafeteria noise (noise), and speech mixed with cafeteria noise and then subsequently processed by an ideal quantized mask (IQM) to remove the noise.

Results:
We observed significant reductions in intelligibility of dysarthric speech, even at highly favorable signal-to-noise ratios (+11 to +23 dB) that did not impact neurotypical speech. We also observed significant intelligibility improvements from speech in noise to IQM-processed speech for both control and dysarthric speech across a wide range of noise levels. Furthermore, the overall benefit of IQM processing for dysarthric speech was comparable with that of the control speech in background noise, as was the intelligibility data collected in the laboratory versus online.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates proof of concept, validating the application of T-F masks to a neurologically degraded speech signal. Given that intelligibility challenges greatly impact communication, and thus the lives of people with dysarthria and their communication partners, the development of clinical tools to enhance intelligibility in this clinical population is critical.
Investigating heterogeneity in travel behaviour change when implementing soft transport interventions: A latent class choice model
Authors: Fan Aihua , Chen Xumei , Yu Lei , Li Ming 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAttracting more travellers to shift towards green modes plays a significant role in sustainable transportation development. Soft transport interventions are important strategies for facilitating voluntary travel behaviour change. This study investigates the effects of two soft transport interventions, information intervention and public transport service improvement, on heterogeneous traveller groups’ behaviour change. Beijing, China was selected as the case study site. Firstly, three heterogenous traveller groups were identified based on latent class cluster analysis: Group A (20.4%, travel in low‐frequency and prefer multimode), Group B (30.3%, travel in middle‐frequency and prefer the car) and Group C (49.3%, travel in high frequency and prefer green modes). Then, latent class choice models under two transport interventions were established respectively. The findings indicate that information intervention decreases Group B's preference for car use and exclusion of bicycles. Little effect is observed on travel behaviour change of Group A and C. Public transport service improvement significantly reduces car use of Group B and C. This study demonstrates a limited influence of information intervention on travel behaviour change and public transport service improvement is effective in achieving car use reduction. The results provide decision makers with the information needed to target interventions for different traveller groups.
Influence of multilayer graphene doping concentrations on detection properties of MLG/Mg2Si/Si heterojunction photodetector
Authors: Yu Hong , Xiong Xichen , Mo Zhangjie , Deng Rui , Li Li , Chen Deliang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a structural model for a photodetector (PD) with a multilayer graphene (MLG)/Mg2Si/Si heterojunction and an examination of the impacts of MLG doping concentrations on the detection abilities of these PDs. The results show that under the conditions of different thicknesses of the monolayer, five‐layer, and 10‐layer grapheme (Gr), the detection properties of heterojunction PDs degrade as the doping concentrations of the MLG layer increase from 1013 to 1017 cm−3, respectively. The electric field intensity at the heterojunction MLG/Mg2Si interface diminishes as MLG doping concentrations increase. The effectiveness of photo‐generated carrier separation and transfer in the space charge area at the MLG/Mg2Si interface therefore declines. The detection properties are outstanding when the MLG doping concentration is 1013 cm−3. The maximum values of peak responsivity, external quantum efficiency (EQE), detectivity (D*), and on/off ratio are found to be 0.81 A/W, 103.28%, 6.1×1010 Jones, and 610.5, respectively. A minimum peak noise equivalent power (NEP) of 1.64×10−11 WHz−1/2 is obtained. The results also show that PD has a great potential as a replacement for other visible and near‐infrared (NIR) poisonous devices. The facts presented above provide a theoretical framework for the fabrication and application of optoelectronic devices.
Star formation rate and stellar mass calibrations based on infrared photometry and their dependence on stellar population age and extinction
Authors: Kouroumpatzakis K. , Zezas A. , Kyritsis E. , Salim S. , Svoboda J. 
Published: March 2023

Context. The stellar mass (M⋆) and the star formation rate (SFR) are among the most important features that characterize galaxies. Measuring these fundamental properties accurately is critical for understanding the present state of galaxies, their history, and future evolution. Infrared (IR) photometry is widely used to measure the M⋆ and SFR of galaxies because the near-IR traces the continuum emission of the majority of their stellar populations (SPs), and the mid/far-IR traces the dust emission powered by star-forming activity.
Aims. This work explores the dependence of the IR emission of galaxies on their extinction, and the age of their SPs. It aims to provide accurate and precise IR-photometry SFR and M⋆ calibrations that account for SP age and extinction while providing quantification of their scatter.
Methods. We used the CIGALE spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting code to create model SEDs of galaxies with a wide range of star formation histories, dust content, and interstellar medium properties. We fit the relations between M⋆ and SFR with IR and optical photometry of the model-galaxy SEDs with the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. As an independent confirmation of the MCMC fitting method, we performed a machine-learning random forest (RF) analysis on the same data set. The RF model yields similar results to the MCMC fits, thus validating the latter.
Results. This work provides calibrations for the SFR using a combination of the WISE bands 1 and 3, or the JWST NIR-F200W and MIRI-F2100W. It also provides mass-to-light ratio calibrations based on the WISE band-1, the JWST NIR-F200W, and the optical u − r or g − r colors. These calibrations account for the biases attributed to the SP age, while they are given in the form of extinction-dependent and extinction-independent relations.
Conclusions. The proposed calibrations show robust estimations while minimizing the scatter and biases throughout a wide range of SFRs and stellar masses. The SFR calibration offers better results, especially in dust-free or passive galaxies where the contributions of old SPs or biases from the lack of dust are significant. Similarly, the M⋆ calibration yields significantly better results for dusty and high-SFR galaxies where dust emission can otherwise bias the estimations.
DNA Methylation of POMC and NR3C1-1F and Its
Implication in Major Depressive Disorder and Electroconvulsive
Therapy
Authors: Maier Hannah B. , Moschny Nicole , Eberle Franziska , Jahn Kirsten , Folsche Thorsten , Schülke Rasmus , Bleich Stefan , Frieling Helge , Neyazi Alexandra 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction Precision medicine in psychiatry is still in its infancy. To
establish patient-tailored treatment, adequate indicators predicting treatment
response are required. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is considered one of the
most effective options for pharmacoresistant major depressive disorder (MDD),
yet remission rates were reported to be below 50%.
Methods Since epigenetics of the stress response system seem to play a
role in MDD, we analyzed the DNA methylation (DNAm) of genes encoding the
glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC)
through Sanger Sequencing. For analysis, blood was taken before and after the
first and last ECT from MDD patients (n=31), unmedicated depressed
controls (UDC; n=19, baseline), and healthy controls (HC; n=20,
baseline).
Results Baseline DNAm in NR3C1 was significantly lower in UDCs
compared to both other groups (UDC: 0.014(±0.002), ECT:
0.031(±0.001), HC: 0.024(±0.002); p<0.001), whereas
regarding POMC, ECT patients had the highest DNAm levels (ECT:
0.252(±0.013), UDC: 0.156(±0.015), HC: 0.162(±0.014);
p<0.001). NR3C1m and POMCm decreased after the first ECT
(NR3C1: p<0.001; POMC: p=0.001), and
responders were less methylated compared to non-responders in
NR3C1(p<0.001).
Discussion Our findings indicate that both genes might play a role in the
chronification of depression and NR3C1 may be relevant for ECT response
prediction.
A Direct Arylation Approach for the Preparation of Benzothiadiazole-Based Fluorophores for Application in Luminescent Solar ­Concentrators
Authors: Mordini Alessandro , Calamante Massimo , Papucci Costanza , Ventura Francesco , Franchi Daniele , Dessi Alessio , Pucci Andrea , Reginato Gianna , Zani Lorenzo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA straightforward synthetic protocol featuring direct C–H arylations as key steps has been optimized to prepare two benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole (BTD)-based organic fluorophores. Their light absorption and emission properties, as well as their affinity with poly(methyl methacrylate) as the chosen polymer matrix, were found to be suitable for application in luminescent solar concentrators. Solar-concentration devices were fabricated with both emitters, and their relevant optical and photovoltaic properties are presented.
Examination of Proximodistal Patellar Position in Dogs with the Stifle at Full Extension
Authors: Murakami Sawako , Shimada Masakazu , Hara Yasushi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine the factors related to functional patella alta, with which the proximodistal patellar position exceeds the reference range of healthy small dogs proximally when the stifle is at full extension.
Study Design Mediolateral-view radiographs of dogs weighing less than 15 kg were obtained and classified into the medial patellar luxation (MPL) and control groups. The reference range of the proximodistal patellar position was determined from the control group. In both groups, a patellar position exceeding this reference range proximally was considered functional patella alta. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the factors related to functional patella alta. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was made for each factor.
Results Overall, radiographs of 127 stifles of 75 dogs were obtained. Eleven stifles in the MPL group and one stifle in the control group were determined to be functional patella alta. The factors associated with functional patella alta included a greater full extension angle of the stifle joint, longer patellar ligament, and shorter femoral trochlear length. The full extension angle of the stifle joint had the biggest area under the ROC curve.
Conclusion Mediolateral radiographs of the stifle joint in full extension are clinically important in dogs with MPL because some dogs might have a proximally positioned patella that is recognizable only when the stifles are extended.