bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and facilitators to deprescribing of cardiovascular medications: a systematic review
Authors: Brunner Laureline , Rodondi Nicolas , Aubert Carole Elodie 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo synthesise the current knowledge on barriers and facilitators to deprescribing cardiovascular medications (CVMs) at the levels of patients, informal caregivers and healthcare providers (HCPs).Design/settingWe conducted a systematic review of studies exploring/assessing patient, informal caregiver and/or HCP barriers and/or facilitators to deprescribing CVMs.Data sourcesOvid/MEDLINE and Embase from January 2003 to November 2021.Data extraction and synthesisWe performed a deductive thematic analysis based on the framework of specific barriers and facilitators to deprescribing CVMs created by Goyalet al. We added a quantification of the occurrence of categories and themes in the selected articles to identify the resounding themes that indicate the greater impetus to address in future research.ResultsMost frequent deprescribing barriers for patients, informal caregivers and HCPs included uncertainty due to lack of evidence regarding CVM deprescribing (in n=10 studies), fear of negative consequences following deprescribing (n=13) and social influences (n=14). A frequently reported facilitator to deprescribing, especially for patients and informal caregivers, was the occurrence of adverse drug events (n=7). Another frequently reported facilitator for patients were dislike of CVMs (n=9). Necessity and benefit of CVMs were seen as barriers or facilitators similarly by patients and HCPs.ConclusionThe differences in patient, informal caregiver and HCP regarding barriers and facilitators to deprescribing CVMs stress the need for ground discussions about beliefs and preferences of each stakeholder implicated in deprescribing decisions. Furthermore, HCP uncertainty regarding CVM deprescribing highlights the need to provide HCPs with tools that enable sharing the risks and benefits of deprescribing with patients and ensure a safe deprescribing process.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020221973.
Concerns about and stimuli of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among diverse occupational groups in metropolitan areas of China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Xie Zhilan , Tan Yinliang , Yan Yuge , Gu Xiaoqing , Chen Haiying , Huang Qian , Wang Zhaoxin , Gu Jie , Huang Jiaoling 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesIn this study, we aimed to identify concerns and stimuli regarding COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and to compare the findings by occupation.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of individuals vaccinated against COVID-19 between 1 April and 30 June 2021 in four metropolitan areas of China. A total of 20 863 participants completed questionnaires, 20 767 of which were eligible for analysis. We used ordered logistic regression to assess the association of vaccination concerns and stimuli with vaccination hesitancy according to occupation.ResultsFarmers were mainly concerned about the quality of vaccines (adjusted OR (aOR): 3.18, 95% CI (CI): 1.83 to 5.54). Among civil servants, media publicity reduced hesitancy (aOR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.92). Among medical staff, concerns about a short duration of protective effects increased hesitancy (aOR: 8.31, 95% CI: 2.03 to 33.99). For most occupations, concerns about side effects, poor protective effects and health status increased hesitancy. In contrast, protecting oneself and protecting others acted as a stimulus to decrease hesitancy. Interestingly, ‘people around me have been vaccinated’ was associated with higher vaccination hesitancy among farmers (aOR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.20 to 4.00).ConclusionThe association of vaccination concerns and stimuli with vaccination hesitancy varied by occupation. The characteristics and concerns of specific target audiences should be considered when designing informational campaigns to promote vaccination against COVID-19.
Integration of a personalised mobile health (mHealth) application into the care of patients with brain tumours: proof-of-concept study (IDEAL stage 1)
Authors: Gvozdanovic Andrew , Jozsa Felix , Fersht Naomi , Grover Patrick James , Kirby Georgina , Kitchen Neil , Mangiapelo Riccardo , McEvoy Andrew , Miserocchi Anna , Patel Rayna , Thorne Lewis , Williams Norman , Kosmin Michael , Marcus Hani J 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesBrain tumours lead to significant morbidity including a neurocognitive, physical and psychological burden of disease. The extent to which they impact the multiple domains of health is difficult to capture leading to a significant degree of unmet needs. Mobile health tools such as Vinehealth have the potential to identify and address these needs through real-world data generation and delivery of personalised educational material and therapies. We aimed to establish the feasibility of Vinehealth integration into brain tumour care, its ability to collect real-world and (electronic) patient-recorded outcome (ePRO) data, and subjective improvement in care.DesignA mixed-methodology IDEAL stage 1 study.SettingA single tertiary care centre.ParticipantsSix patients consented and four downloaded and engaged with the mHealth application throughout the 12 weeks of the study.Main outcome measuresOver a 12-week period, we collected real-world and ePRO data via Vinehealth. We assessed qualitative feedback from mixed-methodology surveys and semistructured interviews at recruitment and after 2 weeks.Results565 data points were captured including, but not limited to: symptoms, activity, well-being and medication. EORTC QLQ-BN20 and EQ-5D-5L completion rates (54% and 46%) were impacted by technical issues; 100% completion rates were seen when ePROs were received. More brain cancer tumour-specific content was requested. All participants recommended the application and felt it improved care.ConclusionsOur findings indicate value in an application to holistically support patients living with brain cancer tumours and established the feasibility and safety of further studies to more rigorously assess this.
Single-boson exchange functional renormalization group application to the two-dimensional Hubbard model at weak coupling
Authors: Fraboulet Kilian , Heinzelmann Sarah , Bonetti Pietro M. , Al-Eryani Aiman , Vilardi Demetrio , Toschi Alessandro , Andergassen Sabine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We illustrate the algorithmic advantages of the recently introduced single-boson exchange (SBE) formulation for the one-loop functional renormalization group (fRG), by applying it to the two-dimensional Hubbard model on a square lattice. We present a detailed analysis of the fermion-boson Yukawa couplings and of the corresponding physical susceptibilities by studying their evolution with temperature and interaction strength, both at half filling and finite doping. The comparison with the conventional fermionic fRG decomposition shows that the rest functions of the SBE algorithm, which describe correlation effects beyond the SBE processes, play a negligible role in the weak-coupling regime above the pseudo-critical temperature, in contrast to the rest functions of the conventional fRG. Remarkably, they remain finite also at the pseudo-critical transition, whereas the corresponding rest functions of the conventional fRG implementation diverge. As a result, the SBE formulation of the fRG flow allows for a substantial reduction of the numerical effort in the treatment of the two-particle vertex function, paving a promising route for future multiboson and multiloop extensions.

Graphic abstract
Parton distributions and new physics searches: the Drell–Yan forward–backward asymmetry as a case study
Authors: Ball Richard D. , Candido Alessandro , Forte Stefano , Hekhorn Felix , Nocera Emanuele R. , Rojo Juan , Schwan Christopher 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe discuss the sensitivity of theoretical predictions of observables used in searches for new physics to parton distributions (PDFs) at large momentum fraction x. Specifically, we consider the neutral-current Drell–Yan production of gauge bosons with invariant masses in the TeV range, for which the forward–backward asymmetry of charged leptons from the decay of the gauge boson in its rest frame is a traditional probe of new physics. We show that the qualitative behaviour of the asymmetry depends strongly on the assumptions made in determining the underlying PDFs. We discuss and compare the large-x behaviour of various different PDF sets, and find that they differ significantly. Consequently, the shape of the asymmetry observed at lower dilepton invariant masses, where all PDF sets are in reasonable agreement because of the presence of experimental constraints, is not necessarily reproduced at large masses where the PDFs are mostly unconstrained by data. It follows that the shape of the asymmetry at high masses may depend on assumptions made in the PDF parametrization, and thus deviations from the traditionally expected behaviour cannot be taken as a reliable indication of new physics. We demonstrate that forward–backward asymmetry measurements could help in constraining PDFs at large x and discuss the accuracy that would be required to disentangle the effects of new physics from uncertainties in the PDFs in this region.
Depositional environment and provenance of Early Carboniferous clastic sedimentary rocks at McIsaacs Point, Nova Scotia: implications for syntectonic basin development during the formation of Pangaea
Authors: Malay Bailey C. , Braid James A. , Archibald Donnelly B. , McFarlane Chris R. M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Following the collision of Gondwana and Laurussia to form Pangaea, a large system of regional-scale strike-slip faults developed which resulted in the formation of transtensional syncollisional basins. One such basin, the Antigonish Basin, contains late Devonian fluvial, marine and lacustrine sedimentary rocks, including sandstone, conglomerate and shale. LA-ICP-MS U–Pb detrital zircon data from three samples from the lower and middle of the McIsaacs Point section have a strong Silurian–Devonian (
c.
440–380 Ma) population whereas the top of the section lacks these age populations and is instead dominated by Neoproterozoic (
c.
630–550 Ma) grains. Detritus was derived from a mix of local Avalonian and more distal Meguma terrane sources. Detrital zircon and field data show that sediments were deposited in a braided to meandering fluvial system transitional to a proximal braided stream environment followed by evolution to a more distal braided stream environment. As the basin evolved, the source of detritus shifted from a dominantly Meguma terrane source to a more local Avalonian source. This temporal evolution in provenance and depositional environment attests to the complex depositional processes associated with syntectonic basin evolution during the formation of Pangaea.
Detrital zircon geochronology from the Nueva Segovia Schist, Nicaragua: evidence for the tectonic evolution of the Chortis Block?
Authors: Freeborne Sean , Braid James A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

The Chortis Block of Central America is a cratonic-type peri-Gondwanan terrane and is commonly included in Neoproterozoic–Paleozoic palaeogeographical reconstructions. At present, most research has focused on the Mesozoic evolution of the Chortis Block, however, its earlier history remains poorly constrained. As a result, there is considerable debate surrounding the internal complexities of the Chortis Block and its tectonothermal evolution has not been well established by geochronological and geochemical data. New field investigations from the Nueva Segovia Schist (Northern Nicaragua), considered one of the oldest exposed parts of the Chortis Block, reveal it is composed primarily of deformed sequences of greenschist facies marine clastic and chemical sediments in conformable contact with felsic volcanics. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) detrital zircon data from two samples taken from the Nueva Segovia Schist reveal a youngest age peak of
c.
250 Ma with other significant peaks at
c.
500 Ma,
c.
1.0 Ga and
c.
1.2 Ga. Taken together with field observations, these data suggest the Nueva Segovia Schist was likely deposited between
c.
250 and 110 Ma proximal to Amazonia during the Late Paleozoic, and they support a Precambrian age for the basement of the East Chortis Terrane. Taken together the data support a Pangaean position of the Chortis Block, adjacent to Amazonia inboard of Oaxaquia.
Rationale, Design, and the Baseline Characteristics of the RHDGen (The Genetics of Rheumatic Heart Disease) Network Study†
Authors: Machipisa Tafadzwa , Chishala Chishala , Shaboodien Gasnat , Zühlke Liesl J. , Muhamed Babu , Pandie Shahiemah , de Vries Jantina , Laing Nakita , Joachim Alexia , Daniels Rezeen , Ntsekhe Mpiko , Hugo-Hamman Christopher T. , Gitura Bernard , Ogendo Stephen , Lwabi Peter , Okello Emmy , Damasceno Albertino , Novela Celia , Mocumbi Ana O. , Madeira Geoffrey , Musuku John , Mtaja Agnes , ElSayed Ahmed , Alhassan Huda H.M. , Bode-Thomas Fidelia , Yilgwan Christopher , Amusa Ganiyu , Nkereuwem Esin , Mulder Nicola , Ramesar Raj , Lesosky Maia , Cordell Heather J. , Chong Michael , Keavney Bernard , Paré Guillaume , Engel Mark E. ,   on behalf of the RHDGen Network Consortium†
Published: December 2022

Background:
The genetics of rheumatic heart disease (RHDGen) Network was developed to assist the discovery and validation of genetic variations and biomarkers of risk for rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in continental Africans, as a part of the global fight to control and eradicate rheumatic fever/RHD. Thus, we describe the rationale and design of the RHDGen study, comprising participants from 8 African countries.

Methods:
RHDGen screened potential participants using echocardiography, thereafter enrolling RHD cases and ethnically-matched controls for whom case characteristics were documented. Biological samples were collected for conducting genetic analyses, including a discovery case-control genome-wide association study (GWAS) and a replication trio family study. Additional biological samples were also collected, and processed, for the measurement of biomarker analytes and the biomarker analyses are underway.

Results:
Participants were enrolled into RHDGen between December 2012 and March 2018. For GWAS, 2548 RHD cases and 2261 controls (3301 women [69%]; mean age [SD], 37 [16.3] years) were available. RHD cases were predominantly Black (66%), Admixed (24%), and other ethnicities (10%). Among RHD cases, 34% were asymptomatic, 26% had prior valve surgery, and 23% had atrial fibrillation. The trio family replication arm included 116 RHD trio probands and 232 parents.

Conclusions:
RHDGen presents a rare opportunity to identify relevant patterns of genetic factors and biomarkers in Africans that may be associated with differential RHD risk. Furthermore, the RHDGen Network provides a platform for further work on fully elucidating the causes and mechanisms associated with RHD susceptibility and development.
Optimal Quadratic Binding for Relational Reasoning in Vector Symbolic Neural Architectures
Authors: Hiratani Naoki , Sompolinsky Haim 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Binding operation is fundamental to many cognitive processes, such as cognitive map formation, relational reasoning, and language comprehension. In these processes, two different modalities, such as location and objects, events and their contextual cues, and words and their roles, need to be bound together, but little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. Previous work has introduced a binding model based on quadratic functions of bound pairs, followed by vector summation of multiple pairs. Based on this framework, we address the following questions: Which classes of quadratic matrices are optimal for decoding relational structures? And what is the resultant accuracy? We introduce a new class of binding matrices based on a matrix representation of octonion algebra, an eight-dimensional extension of complex numbers. We show that these matrices enable a more accurate unbinding than previously known methods when a small number of pairs are present. Moreover, numerical optimization of a binding operator converges to this octonion binding. We also show that when there are a large number of bound pairs, however, a random quadratic binding performs, as well as the octonion and previously proposed binding methods. This study thus provides new insight into potential neural mechanisms of binding operations in the brain.
Morphometrics, length-weight relationship and relative condition factor in Charybdis (Archias) omanensis septentrionalis Türkay & Spiridonov, 2006 (Brachyura, Portunidae) from the Arabian Sea
Authors: Josileen Jose , Maheswarudu G. , Jinesh P. T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Charybdis (Archias) omanensis septentrionalis Türkay & Spiridonov, 2006, has recently been recorded from the Arabian Sea, while the first record of the species was from the Red Sea. The specimens were collected in a shrimp trawl from a depth of 65-68 metres from the southwest coast of the Arabian Sea, off Kerala, India. The species size ranged between 17 and 37 mm carapace width, from 11 to 22.5 mm carapace length and in total weight between 0.39 and 5.53 g. The interrelationships between various morphometric characters, viz., carapace width and length and chelar propodus length and height in males, as well as carapace width and length and abdominal width and length in females, were estimated for the species and it was found that most relationships are positive and highly significant. In the carapace width/length-weight relationship, the estimated b values for carapace width-weight in males, females and pooled, were 2.674, 2.719 and 2.783, respectively, and for carapace length-weight they were 2.601, 2.588 and 2.681, respectively. The results show a significant deviation from an isometric growth pattern. An analysis of covariance indicated that there is a significant difference between sexes with respect to the carapace width/length-weight relationship. The relative condition factor values estimated in males and females were 0.9794 ± 0.16 and 1.1280 ± 0.26, respectively, also recording a significant variation () between sexes.
The European Pact on Migration and Asylum: Border Containment and Frontline States
Authors: Abrisketa Uriarte Joana 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The New Pact on Migration and Asylum contains two pieces of proposed legislation which raise several concerns. A closer look at the Proposal for a Screening Regulation and the Proposal for Crisis and Force Majeure Regulation reveals that the frontline States are obliged to become border guards in an exacerbated way. The legislation is excessively technical and unrelated to the capacities of the affected States and, as such, will be difficult, if not impossible, for frontline States to implement. The primary argument of this article is that the mechanisms of the New Pact that are intended to contain the arrival of migrants and to level the imbalances caused by the geographical location of the EU Member states with external borders will actually allow the derogation of migrants’ rights and will hardly compensate for the special circumstances faced by frontline EU States. Instead of balancing the burdens of migration among Member States, the weight will be disproportionately borne by the very States the legislations propose to relieve.
Dolls as a Rights-Affirming Early Childhood Research Method
Authors: Koller Donna , Murphy Ellie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In honouring children’s rights to expression and participation in the world around them, we asked “How do researchers use dolls to elicit young children’s perspectives?” We conducted a scoping review of the literature on doll use in early childhood research published between 2004 and 2021. Following an exhaustive search using established methods for evaluating empirical research, 28 studies were included in this review. Patterns, advances and gaps in the literature indicated the benefits of doll use, as well as guidance and future directions for researchers. Dolls offer a practical avenue for exploring perspectives across a range of topics and settings, giving voice to diverse young children whose perspectives are often overlooked.
Unsatisfying Transfer of Climate Research to Urban Planning: The Regulatory Trap in the Triple Helix
Authors: Emeis Stefan , Fallmann Joachim 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Making urban areas more sustainable by transferring scientific results into the building, shaping, and governance of cities is a complicated process which involves – amongst other dimensions – science, local governance, and regulatory processes. There are non-linear interactions within each of these three dimensions which are influenced and enhanced by interactions between the three dimensions. After a short analysis of different sustainability concepts, this conceptual paper considers each of the three dimensions and finally tries to find some suggestions as to how these dimensions could interact more smoothly also considering Triple Helix theory. One basic suggestion is that without updating laws, norms, and standards, urban administrations will often not be able to integrate new scientific findings into procedures for more sustainable cities. That is, all three dimensions need to be aligned in the process of building sustainable cities.
Attaining well-being beyond the home: A socio-cultural framing of mental health among university students in the Philippines
Authors: Alejandria Maria Carinnes P , Casimiro Kristel May D , Gibe Jolly Anne L , Fernandez Ninna Sandra F , Tumaneng Denise C , Sandoval Erin Ceejay A , Hernandez Philippe Jose S , Quan-Nalus Marie Antonette , Alipao Froilan A , Alejandria Maria Ana Caterina P 
Published: December 2022

Objectives: Mental health problems such as anxiety and depression have been steadily rising among university students in the Philippines. While there exists literature determining students’ quality of life and health access behaviour, there remains a substantial gap in having a local framework with which to understand their vulnerabilities. In this paper, we aim to identify the socio-cultural factors that exacerbate the challenges that Filipino university students navigate in their attainment of well-being. Design: The study used an exploratory qualitative design. Setting: Data were collected from university students attending a private higher education institution in Manila, the Philippines. Method: Using a cultural epidemiological approach and a qualitative design, semi-structured interviews were conducted online with 60 university-level students. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and translated into English. Data were open coded and thematically analysed. Results: The lived experience of 60 university students revealed that factors including volatile household dynamics, intergenerational [mis]understanding of mental illness, stressful academic engagement and religious associations contributed to the individual framing of their conditions, which ranged from self-stigma to self-prescribed isolation. Various experiences linked to the Filipino value of pagdamay (sharing the burden) significantly aided students’ management of their conditions. Conclusion: Drawing on the narratives elicited, a community-based approach using the university as the core for intervention delivery is proposed that may positively impact on students’ mental health seeking behaviour.