bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refining the study of decision-making in animals: differential effects of d-amphetamine and haloperidol in a novel touchscreen-automated Rearing-Effort Discounting (RED) task and the Fixed-Ratio Effort Discounting (FRED) task
Authors: Lopez-Cruz Laura , Phillips Benjamin U. , Hailwood Jonathan M. , Saksida Lisa M. , Heath Christopher J. , Bussey Timothy J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEffort-based decision-making is impaired in multiple psychopathologies leading to significant impacts on the daily life of patients. Preclinical studies of this important transdiagnostic symptom in rodents are hampered, however, by limitations present in currently available decision-making tests, including the presence of delayed reinforcement and off-target cognitive demands. Such possible confounding factors can complicate the interpretation of results in terms of decision-making per se. In this study we addressed this problem using a novel touchscreen Rearing-Effort Discounting (RED) task in which mice choose between two single-touch responses: rearing up to touch an increasingly higher positioned stimulus to obtain a High Reward (HR) or touching a lower stimulus to obtain a Low Reward (LR). To explore the putative advantages of this new approach, RED was compared with a touchscreen version of the well-studied Fixed Ratio-based Effort Discounting (FRED) task, in which multiple touches are required to obtain an HR, and a single response is required to obtain an LR. Results from dopaminergic (haloperidol and d-amphetamine), behavioral (changes in the order of effort demand; fixed-ratio schedule in FRED or response height in RED), and dietary manipulations (reward devaluation by pre-feeding) were consistent with the presence of variables that may complicate interpretation of conventional decision-making tasks, and demonstrate how RED appears to minimize such variables.
Bcl-2 inhibition combined with PPARα activation synergistically targets leukemic stem cell-like cells in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Xie Chendi , Zhou Hui , Qin Dongmei , Zheng Huijian , Tang Yuanfang , Li Wenjuan , Zhou Jie , Liu Long , Yu Xinxin , Duan Hongpeng , Zhou Yong , Li Zhifeng , Fang Zhihong , Luo Yiming , Carter Bing Z. , Xu Bing , Zha Jie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPersistence of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) is one of the determining factors to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment failure and responsible for the poor prognosis of the disease. Hence, novel therapeutic strategies that target LSCs are crucial for treatment success. We investigated if targeting Bcl-2 and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα), two distinct cell survival regulating mechanisms could eliminate LSCs. This study demonstrate that the Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax combined with the PPARα agonist chiglitazar resulted in synergistic killing of LSC-like cell lines and CD34+ primary AML cells while sparing their normal counterparts. Furthermore, the combination regimen significantly suppressed AML progression in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. Mechanistically, chiglitazar-mediated PPARα activation inhibited the transcriptional activity of the PIK3AP1 gene promoter and down-regulated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, leading to cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction, which was synergized with venetoclax. These findings suggest that combinatorial Bcl-2 inhibition and PPARα activation selectively eliminates AML cells in vivo and vitro, representing an effective therapy for patients with relapsed and refractory AML.
Plk1 promotes renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis by targeting autophagy/lysosome axis
Authors: Du Yang , Shang Yaqiong , Qian Yun , Guo Yan , Chen Shuang , Lin Xiuli , Cao Weidong , Tang Xiaomei , Zhou Anning , Huang Songming , Zhang Aihua , Jia Zhanjun , Zhang Yue 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been increasing over the past decades. However, no effective therapies are available for delaying or curing CKD. Progressive fibrosis is the major pathological feature of CKD, which leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The present study showed that Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) was upregulated in the kidneys of CKD patients and mice subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) with location in proximal tubules and tubulointerstitial fibroblasts. Pharmacological inhibition, genetic silencing or knockout of Plk1 attenuated obstructive nephropathy due to suppressed fibroblast activation mediated by reduced autophagic flux. We found Plk1 plays a critical role in maintaining intralysosomal pH by regulating ATP6V1A phosphorylation, and inhibition of Plk1 impaired lysosomal function leading to blockade of autophagic flux. In addition, Plk1 also prevented partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (pEMT) of tubular epithelial cells via autophagy pathway. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that Plk1 plays a pathogenic role in renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis by regulating autophagy/lysosome axis. Thus, targeting Plk1 could be a promising strategy for CKD treatment.
The non-redundant functions of PIWI family proteins in gametogenesis in golden hamsters
Authors: Lv Xiaolong , Xiao Wen , Lai Yana , Zhang Zhaozhen , Zhang Hongdao , Qiu Chen , Hou Li , Chen Qin , Wang Duanduan , Gao Yun , Song Yuanyuan , Shui Xinjia , Chen Qinghua , Qin Ruixin , Liang Shuang , Zeng Wentao , Shi Aimin , Li Jianmin , Wu Ligang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe piRNA pathway is essential for female fertility in golden hamsters and likely humans, but not in mice. However, the role of individual PIWIs in mammalian reproduction remains poorly understood outside of mice. Here, we describe the expression profiles, subcellular localization, and knockout-associated reproductive defects for all four PIWIs in golden hamsters. In female golden hamsters, PIWIL1 and PIWIL3 are highly expressed throughout oogenesis and early embryogenesis, while knockout of PIWIL1 leads to sterility, and PIWIL3 deficiency results in subfertility with lagging zygotic development. PIWIL1 can partially compensate for TE silencing in PIWIL3 knockout females, but not vice versa. PIWIL1 and PIWIL4 are the predominant PIWIs expressed in adult and postnatal testes, respectively, while PIWIL2 is present at both stages. Loss of any PIWI expressed in testes leads to sterility and severe but distinct spermatogenesis disorders. These findings illustrate the non-redundant regulatory functions of PIWI-piRNAs in gametogenesis and early embryogenesis in golden hamsters, facilitating study of their role in human fertility.
Observation of an Alice ring in a Bose–Einstein condensate
Authors: Blinova Alina , Zamora-Zamora Roberto , Ollikainen Tuomas , Kivioja Markus , Möttönen Mikko , Hall David S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMonopoles and vortices are fundamental topological excitations that appear in physical systems spanning enormous scales of size and energy, from the vastness of the early universe to tiny laboratory droplets of nematic liquid crystals and ultracold gases. Although the topologies of vortices and monopoles are distinct from one another, under certain circumstances a monopole can spontaneously and continuously deform into a vortex ring with the curious property that monopoles passing through it are converted into anti-monopoles. However, the observation of such Alice rings has remained a major challenge, due to the scarcity of experimentally accessible monopoles in continuous fields. Here, we present experimental evidence of an Alice ring resulting from the decay of a topological monopole defect in a dilute gaseous 87Rb Bose–Einstein condensate. Our results, in agreement with detailed first-principles simulations, provide an unprecedented opportunity to explore the unique features of a composite excitation that combines the topological features of both a monopole and a vortex ring.
Tricolor visible wavelength-selective photodegradable hydrogel biomaterials
Authors: Rapp Teresa L. , DeForest Cole A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhotodynamic hydrogel biomaterials have demonstrated great potential for user-triggered therapeutic release, patterned organoid development, and four-dimensional control over advanced cell fates in vitro. Current photosensitive materials are constrained by their reliance on high-energy ultraviolet light (<400 nm) that offers poor tissue penetrance and limits access to the broader visible spectrum. Here, we report a family of three photolabile material crosslinkers that respond rapidly and with unique tricolor wavelength-selectivity to low-energy visible light (400–617 nm). We show that when mixed with multifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) macromolecular precursors, ruthenium polypyridyl- and ortho-nitrobenzyl (oNB)-based crosslinkers yield cytocompatible biomaterials that can undergo spatiotemporally patterned, uniform bulk softening, and multiplexed degradation several centimeters deep through complex tissue. We demonstrate that encapsulated living cells within these photoresponsive gels show high viability and can be successfully recovered from the hydrogels following photodegradation. Moving forward, we anticipate that these advanced material platforms will enable new studies in 3D mechanobiology, controlled drug delivery, and next-generation tissue engineering applications.
Flight trajectory prediction enabled by time-frequency wavelet transform
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Guo Dongyue , Zhou Shizhong , Zhang Jianwei , Lin Yi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAccurate flight trajectory prediction is a crucial and challenging task in air traffic control, especially for maneuver operations. Modern data-driven methods are typically formulated as a time series forecasting task and fail to retain high accuracy. Meantime, as the primary modeling method for time series forecasting, frequency-domain analysis is underutilized in the flight trajectory prediction task. In this work, an innovative wavelet transform-based framework is proposed to perform time-frequency analysis of flight patterns to support trajectory forecasting. An encoder-decoder neural architecture is developed to estimate wavelet components, focusing on the effective modeling of global flight trends and local motion details. A real-world dataset is constructed to validate the proposed approach, and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework exhibits higher accuracy than other comparative baselines, obtaining improved prediction performance in terms of four measurements, especially in the climb and descent phase with maneuver control. Most importantly, the time-frequency analysis is confirmed to be effective to achieve the flight trajectory prediction task.
Security of quantum key distribution from generalised entropy accumulation
Authors: Metger Tony , Renner Renato 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe goal of quantum key distribution (QKD) is to establish a secure key between two parties connected by an insecure quantum channel. To use a QKD protocol in practice, one has to prove that a finite size key is secure against general attacks: no matter the adversary’s attack, they cannot gain useful information about the key. A much simpler task is to prove security against collective attacks, where the adversary is assumed to behave identically and independently in each round. In this work, we provide a formal framework for general QKD protocols and show that for any protocol that can be expressed in this framework, security against general attacks reduces to security against collective attacks, which in turn reduces to a numerical computation. Our proof relies on a recently developed information-theoretic tool called generalised entropy accumulation and can handle generic prepare-and-measure protocols directly without switching to an entanglement-based version.
Deep and fast label-free Dynamic Organellar Mapping
Authors: Schessner Julia P. , Albrecht Vincent , Davies Alexandra K. , Sinitcyn Pavel , Borner Georg H. H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Dynamic Organellar Maps (DOMs) approach combines cell fractionation and shotgun-proteomics for global profiling analysis of protein subcellular localization. Here, we enhance the performance of DOMs through data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry. DIA-DOMs achieve twice the depth of our previous workflow in the same mass spectrometry runtime, and substantially improve profiling precision and reproducibility. We leverage this gain to establish flexible map formats scaling from high-throughput analyses to extra-deep coverage. Furthermore, we introduce DOM-ABC, a powerful and user-friendly open-source software tool for analyzing profiling data. We apply DIA-DOMs to capture subcellular localization changes in response to starvation and disruption of lysosomal pH in HeLa cells, which identifies a subset of Golgi proteins that cycle through endosomes. An imaging time-course reveals different cycling patterns and confirms the quantitative predictive power of our translocation analysis. DIA-DOMs offer a superior workflow for label-free spatial proteomics as a systematic phenotype discovery tool.
Thermodynamically controlled multiphase separation of heterogeneous liquid crystal colloids
Authors: Tao Han , Rigoni Carlo , Li Hailong , Koistinen Antti , Timonen Jaakko V. I. , Zhou Jiancheng , Kontturi Eero , Rojas Orlando J. , Chu Guang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhase separation is a universal physical transition process whereby a homogeneous mixture splits into two distinct compartments that are driven by the component activity, elasticity, or compositions. In the current work, we develop a series of heterogeneous colloidal suspensions that exhibit both liquid-liquid phase separation of semiflexible binary polymers and liquid crystal phase separation of rigid, rod-like nanocellulose particles. The phase behavior of the multicomponent mixture is controlled by the trade-off between thermodynamics and kinetics during the two transition processes, displaying cholesteric self-assembly of nanocellulose within or across the compartmented aqueous phases. Upon thermodynamic control, two-, three-, and four-phase coexistence behaviors with rich liquid crystal stackings are realized. Among which, each relevant multiphase separation kinetics shows fundamentally different paths governed by nucleation and growth of polymer droplets and nanocellulose tactoids. Furthermore, a coupled multiphase transition can be realized by tuning the composition and the equilibrium temperature, which results in thermotropic behavior of polymers within a lyotropic liquid crystal matrix. Finally, upon drying, the multicomponent mixture undergoes a hierarchical self-assembly of nanocellulose and polymers into stratified cholesteric films, exhibiting compartmentalized polymer distribution and anisotropic microporous structure.
Interrogating the viral dark matter of the rumen ecosystem with a global virome database
Authors: Yan Ming , Pratama Akbar Adjie , Somasundaram Sripoorna , Li Zongjun , Jiang Yu , Sullivan Matthew B. , Yu Zhongtang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe diverse rumen virome can modulate the rumen microbiome, but it remains largely unexplored. Here, we mine 975 published rumen metagenomes for viral sequences, create a global rumen virome database (RVD), and analyze the rumen virome for diversity, virus-host linkages, and potential roles in affecting rumen functions. Containing 397,180 species-level viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs), RVD substantially increases the detection rate of rumen viruses from metagenomes compared with IMG/VR V3. Most of the classified vOTUs belong to Caudovirales, differing from those found in the human gut. The rumen virome is predicted to infect the core rumen microbiome, including fiber degraders and methanogens, carries diverse auxiliary metabolic genes, and thus likely impacts the rumen ecosystem in both a top-down and a bottom-up manner. RVD and the findings provide useful resources and a baseline framework for future research to investigate how viruses may impact the rumen ecosystem and digestive physiology.
Identification of immune infiltration-related biomarkers in carotid atherosclerotic plaques
Authors: Zheng Kai , Yang Wentao , Wang Shengxing , Sun Mingsheng , Jin Zhenyi , Zhang Wangde , Ren Hualiang , Li Chunmin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a chronic lipid-driven inflammatory response of the innate and adaptive immune systems, and it is responsible for several cardiovascular ischemic events. The present study aimed to determine immune infiltration-related biomarkers in carotid atherosclerotic plaques (CAPs). Gene expression profiles of CAPs were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the CAPs and control groups were screened by the “limma” package in R software. Immune cell infiltration between the CAPs and control groups was evaluated by the single sample gene set enrichment analysis. Key infiltrating immune cells in the CAPs group were screened by the Wilcoxon test and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to identify immune cell-related genes. Hub genes were identified by the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the gene’s ability to differentiate between the CAPs and control groups. Finally, we constructed a miRNA-gene-transcription factor network of hub genes by using the ENCODE database. Eleven different types of immune infiltration-related cells were identified between the CAPs and control groups. A total of 1,586 differentially expressed immunity-related genes were obtained through intersection between DEGs and immune-related genes. Twenty hub genes were screened through the PPI network. Eventually, 7 genes (BTK, LYN, PTPN11, CD163, CD4, ITGAL, and ITGB7) were identified as the hub genes of CAPs, and these genes may serve as the estimable drug targets for patients with CAPs.
Influence of external insert angle on structural deformation of long pipe shed with shallow hole
Authors: Jiang Chao Teng , Mao Wei , Zhang Yongkang , Liu Xuejun , Muhemaier Ruheiyan , Xie Liangfu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe long pipe shed advanced support has the characteristics of large construction difficulty, wide support range, and easy deviation. The difference in construction dip angle will produce a different plastic zone of surrounding rock and supporting effects, and the rationality of advanced support design plays an important role in the safety of tunnel opening excavation. Based on the Tianshan Tunnel project, this paper aims at the problems of the loose pebble layer structure, poor cohesion, strong permeability, shallow excavation is not easy to form a confined arch, and easy to causes surrounding rock deformation and failure. Combined with the new method theory, the finite difference software FLAC3D was used to simulate seven excavation schemes of the shallow tunnel entrances. The mechanism and effect of advance support and the influence of construction angle on support effect are analyzed, and the simulation values are compared with the measured data. The results show that using long pipe shed advanced support can effectively reduce the disturbance of excavation to lose pebble rock mass and reduce the convergence value of surrounding rock. The plastic zone of surrounding rock produced by different angles can be divided into three parts. The structural stability difference of the C1 zone is small, and that of the C3 zone is large. The bending moment, shear force, and shape variables of the pipe shed decrease with the increase of the dip angle, while the axial force increases with the increase of the dip angle. According to the similarity between the simulated curve and the measured curve, the best supporting effect can be achieved when the dip angle of the pre-supporting pipe shed is set in the range of 0° ~ 3°.
Progressive underplating of mafic material at mid-crustal depth beneath Ischia volcano, Italy
Authors: Bianchi Irene , Pezzo Giuseppe , Giordano Guido , Chiarabba Claudio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe destructive (Mw 3.9) earthquake of 21 August 2017 re-opened the question on where magma resides at the Ischia island volcano. The peculiar complexity of the seismic source initiated the debate on the involvement of fluid-related processes, but the magmatic origin of the event remains uncertain. Here we use ground displacement and broadband seismic data to investigate the magmatic system of Ischia volcano, where progressive underplating of mafic material at mid-crustal depth feeds the deep structures, which are characterized by exceptionally high seismic velocity and are connected with a shallow crystal mush. Although no direct evidence of large molten volumes was found, strong anisotropy suggests that the crystal mush is pervaded by magma-intruded dykes. We propose that the 2017 event was due to a negative tensile deformation caused by depressurization of supercritical fluids along a shallow southwest (SW-)-dipping fault defined by receiver functions (RFs) data, which acted as a valve regulating the overpressure of deep magmatic fluids.
Proton reservoirs in polymer photocatalysts for superior H2O2 photosynthesis
Authors: Sheng Bo , Xie Yangen , Zhao Qi , Sheng Hua , Zhao Jincai 
Published: August 2023

In H2O2 photosynthesis using polymer photocatalysts, functional groups as proton reservoirs are introduced to balance the supply and demand of protons between oxygen reduction and water oxidation.
Dynamic range extension for heterodyne fibre‐optic hydrophone by using instantaneous frequency‐tracking method
Authors: Yang Sufan , Zhang Chunxi , Wang Xiaxiao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis letter proposes a novel dynamic range extension method using an instantaneous frequency (IF)‐tracking method for heterodyne fibre optic hydrophones (FOHs). IFs are used to compensate for large signal amplitudes in the demodulator. Theoretical analysis and simulation prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results achieve at least 19.76 dB dynamic range improvement, demonstrating great potential for extending FOHs for hydroacoustic detection and communication applications.
Probability modelling of storage based‐smart energy hub considering electric vehicles charging stations performance and demand side management
Authors: Javid Seyed Saeed Mosayebi , Derakhshan Ghasem , Hakimi Seyed Mehdi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNowadays, researchers are studying the energy discharging of electric vehicles (EVs) in charging stations. Furthermore, these stations can help maintain the balance of electric energy and reduce costs in the energy hub in the discharging mode. In this regard, this article proposes a probability and possibility approach by the Z‐number method to investigate the uncertainty of the EV owners’ behaviour at charging stations during the discharge of electric energy to the energy hub. Also, here, the uncertainty of electric energy demand, thermal energy, drinking water, and the price of electric energy, thermal energy, drinking water, and electric energy production from a solar power plant has been done by the scenario‐base method. The seawater desalination unit has been modelled to meet the drinking water needs. To check the final results of the proposed method, the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model has been selected for energy management in the energy hub in the CPLEX optimization solver. The final results show that modelling the behaviour of EV owners in the charging stations using the Z‐number method leads to reduced consumption of some energy carriers in comparison with the fuzzy method in the proposed energy hub.