bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical and chemical complexity in high-mass star-forming regions with ALMA
Authors: Gieser C. , Beuther H. , Semenov D. , Ahmadi A. , Henning Th. , Wells M. R. A. 
Published: April 2023

Context. High-mass star formation is a hierarchical process from cloud (>1 pc), to clump (0.1−1 pc), to core scales (<0.1 pc). Modern interferometers that achieve high angular resolutions at millimeter wavelengths allow us to probe the physical and chemical properties of the gas and dust of protostellar cores in the earliest evolutionary formation phases.
Aims. In this study we investigate how physical properties, such as the density and temperature profiles, evolve on core scales through the evolutionary sequence during high-mass star formation ranging from protostars in cold infrared-dark clouds to evolved ultracompact HII (UCHII) regions.
Methods. We observed 11 high-mass star-forming regions with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at 3 mm wavelengths. Based on the 3 mm continuum morphology and H(40)α recombination line emission - which trace locations with free-free (ff) emission - the fragmented cores analyzed in this study are classified as either “dust” or “dust+ff” cores. In addition, we resolved three cometary UCHII regions with extended 3 mm emission that is dominated by free-free emission. The temperature structure and radial profiles (T ~ r−q) were determined by modeling the molecular emission of CH3CN and CH313CN with XCLASS and by using the HCN-to-HNC intensity ratio as a probe for the gas kinetic temperature. The density profiles (n ~ r−p) were estimated from the 3 mm continuum visibility profiles. The masses (M) and H2 column densities (N(H2)) were then calculated from the 3 mm dust continuum emission.
Results. We find a large spread in mass and peak H2 column density in the detected sources, ranging from 0.1 to 150 M⊙ and 1023 to 1026 cm−2, respectively. Including the results of the CORE and CORE-extension studies to increase the sample size, we find evolutionary trends on core scales for the temperature power-law index (q) increasing from 0.1 to 0.7 from infrared-dark clouds to UCHII regions, while for the density power-law index (p) on core scales, we do not find strong evidence for an evolutionary trend. However, we find that on the larger clump scales the density profile flattens from p ≈ 2.2 to p ≈ 1.2 during these evolutionary phases.
Conclusions. By characterizing a large statistical sample of individual fragmented cores, we find that the physical properties, such as the temperature on core scales and the density profile on clump scales, evolve even during the earliest evolutionary phases in high-mass star-forming regions. These findings provide observational constraints for theoretical models that describe the formation of massive stars. In follow-up studies we aim to further characterize the chemical properties of the regions by analyzing the large amount of molecular lines detected with ALMA in order to investigate how the chemical properties of the molecular gas evolve during the formation of massive stars.
The extended Planetary Nebula Spectrograph (ePN.S) early-type galaxy survey: The specific angular momentum of ETGs
Authors: Pulsoni Claudia , Gerhard Ortwin , Michael Fall S. , Arnaboldi Magda , Ennis Ana I. , Hartke Johanna , Coccato Lodovico , Napolitano Nicola R. 
Published: April 2023

Context. Mass and angular momentum are key parameters of galaxies. Their coevolution establishes an empirical relation between the specific stellar angular momentum j* and the stellar mass M* that depends on morphology.
Aims. For this work, we measured j* in a sample of 32 early-type galaxies (ETGs) from the ePN.S survey, using the full two-dimensional kinematic information. We present local λ profiles and projected j* profiles in apertures. We derived the distribution of these galaxies on the total j* − M* plane and determined the ratio between the stellar j* and the specific angular momentum of the host dark matter halo.
Methods. We used integral-field-spectroscopic data in the central regions (one to two effective radii, Re) and planetary nebula (PN) kinematics in the outskirts (out to a mean 6Re). In the j* determination, we accounted for misaligned rotation and for the differences between light-weighted j* and mass-weighted j*, estimating also the effects of gradients in the mass-to-light ratio driven by variations in the initial mass function. We used simulated ETGs from the IllustrisTNG simulation TNG100 to correct for the limited radial coverage of the PN data and to account for projection effects on j*.
Results. The radially extended, two-dimensional kinematic data show that the stellar halos of ETGs do not contain large stellar mass fractions of high j*. The j* profiles of fast-rotator ETGs are largely converged within the range of the data. For slow rotators, j* is still rising and is estimated to increase beyond 6Re by up to 40%, using simulated galaxies from TNG100. More than 60% of their stellar halo angular momentum is in misaligned rotation. We find that the ePN.S ETG sample displays the well-known correlation between j*, M*, and morphology: elliptical galaxies have systematically lower j* than similar mass S0 galaxies. However, fast and slow rotators lie on the same relation within errors with the slow rotators falling at the high M* end. A power-law fit to the mass-weighted j* − M* relation gives a slope of 0.55 ± 0.17 for the S0s and 0.76 ± 0.23 for the ellipticals, with normalization about four and nine times lower than spirals, respectively. The estimated retained fraction of angular momentum at 1010 ≤ M* ≤ 1010.5 M⊙ is ∼25% for S0s and > 10% for ellipticals, and decreases by ∼1.5 orders of magnitude at M* ∼ 1012 M⊙.
Conclusions. Our results show that ETGs have substantially lower j* than spiral galaxies with similar M*. Their j* must be lost during their evolution, and/or retained in the hot gas component and the satellite galaxies that have not yet merged with the central galaxy.
Investigation of the efficacy of an innovative endoscope drying and storage method in a simulated ERCP setting
Authors: Vos Margreet C. , Bruno Marco J. , Kwakman Judith A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims Drying after cleaning and disinfection is essential in the reprocessing of endoscopes since microorganisms can grow and form biofilms on wet surfaces. In this experimental non-clinical study, we investigated the efficacy of a novel, fast-drying method when reprocessing duodenoscopes.
Methods During a series of 40 tests, three duodenoscopes were exposed to an artificial test soil containing supraphysiological loads of four types of gut microorganisms in a non-clinical ERCP simulation, followed by reprocessing and drying with the PlasmaTYPHOON. Cultures of the distal tip and working channel were acquired immediately after automated decontamination and after drying with the PlasmaTYPHOON. Cobalt chloride paper tests and borescope inspections were used to evaluate drying efficacy.
Results Contamination of the working channels dropped from 86.4 % post-decontamination to 33.6 % post-drying, with 94 % of the positive post-drying samples belonging to one duodenoscope. This duodenoscope showed persistent contamination with P. aeruginosa in the working channel. The other two duodenoscopes only showed low levels of P. aeruginosa in post-decontamination channel samples, but not after drying. Cobalt chloride paper tests and borescope inspections revealed good drying efficacy.
Conclusions Positive cultures for gut microorganisms were often found in wet endoscopes post-decontamination. The PlasmaTYPHOON is an effective fast-drying method capable of abolishing nearly all remaining microorganisms after decontamination provided no biofilm has developed, even when using a supraphysiological concentration of bacterial load. The clinical use of the PlasmaTYPHOON has the potential to reduce endoscope contamination, the use of wet contaminated endoscopes and therefore the risk of patient infection.
Effects of Anesthesia Changes During Maintenance ECT: A Longitudinal
Comparison of Seizure Quality Under Anesthesia Using Propofol/Esketamine
Versus Methohexital
Authors: Methfessel Isabel , Zilles-Wegner David , Kunze-Szikszay Nils , Belz Michael 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction The effectiveness of ECT relies on the induction of a
generalized cerebral seizure. Among others, seizure quality (SQ) is potentially
influenced by the anesthetic drug used. Commonly used anesthetics comprise
barbiturates, etomidate, propofol, and esketamine, with different
characteristics and impacts on seizure parameters. So far, no studies have
compared the influence of methohexital vs. a combination of
propofol/esketamine on established SQ parameters.
Methods This retrospective longitudinal study compared eight established
SQ parameters (PSI, ASEI, MSC, midictal amplitude, motor and
electroencephalography (EEG) seizure duration, concordance, PHR) before and
after the change from propofol/esketamine to methohexital in 34 patients
under maintenance ECT. Each patient contributed four measurements, two before
and two after the anesthesia change. Anesthesia dose, stimulus dose, electrode
placement, and concomitant medication remained unchanged throughout the analyzed
treatments.
Results Under methohexital (M=88.97 mg), ASEI
(p=0.039 to 0.013) and midictal amplitude
(p=0.022 to<0.001) were significantly lower, whereas
seizure duration (motor and EEG) was significantly longer when compared to
propofol/esketamine
(M=64.26 mg/51.18 mg; p=0.012
to<0.001). PSI, MSC, seizure concordance, and PHR were not affected by
the anesthetic used.
Discussion Although to what extent these parameters correlate with the
therapeutic effectiveness remains ambiguous, a decision for or against a
particular anesthetic could be considered if a specific SQ parameter needs
optimization. However, no general superiority for one specific substance or
combination was found in this study. In the next step, anesthetic effects on
treatment response and tolerability should be focused on.
Lesion Analysis in PERCIST 1.0: Clinical Ease versus Research Requisite—Where Does the Balance Exist?
Authors: Bhoil Amit 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Semiqualitative parameter SUVmax has been the most frequently used semiquantitative positron emission tomography (PET) parameter for response evaluation, but only metabolic activity of a single (most metabolic) lesion is predicted. Newer response parameters such as tumor lesion glycolysis (TLG) incorporating lesions' metabolic volume or whole-body metabolic tumor burden (MTBwb) are being explored for response evaluation. Evaluation and comparison of response with different semiquantitative PET parameters such as SUVmax and TLG in most metabolic lesion, multiple lesions (max of five), and MTBwb in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were made. The different PET parameters were analyzed for response evaluation, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS).
Methods 18F-FDG-PET/CT (18-fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography) imaging was performed in 23 patients (M = 14, F = 9, mean age = 57.6 years) with stage IIIB–IV advanced NSCLC before initiation of therapy with oral estimated glomerular filtration rate-tyrosine kinase inhibitor for early and late response evaluation. The quantitative PET parameters such as SUVmax and TLG were measured in single (most metabolic) lesion, multiple lesions, and MTBwb. The parameters SUVmax, TLG, and MTBwb were compared for early and late response evaluation and analyzed for OS and PFS
Results No significant difference in change in response evaluation was seen in patients evaluated with most metabolic lesion, multiple lesions, or MTBwb. Difference in early (DC 22, NDC 1) and late (DC 20, NDC 3) response evaluation was seen that remained unchanged when lesions were measured in terms of number of lesions or the MTBwb. The early imaging was seen to be statistically significant to the OS compared with late imaging.
Conclusions Single (most metabolic) lesion shows similar disease response and OS to multiple lesions and MTBwb. Response evaluation by late imaging offered no significant advantage compared with early imaging. Thus, early response evaluation with SUVmax parameter offers a good balance between clinical ease and research requisition.
Does the current crisis mark the end of the EU’s austerity era? Competing political projects in European fiscal governance
Authors: Abels Joscha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFollowing the pandemic, the EU has responded to the threat of a euro crisis flare-up by deactivating its fiscal framework and establishing the Recovery and Resilience Facility, drawing on joint European bonds to finance national investments. This paper seeks to explain these modifications to fiscal governance and asks whether they are an indication of European austerity making way for an alternative fiscal paradigm. Based on a neo-Gramscian approach, it discusses the policies as parts of competing political projects that are promoted or hindered by certain framework conditions. The paper undertakes a structured comparison of these framework conditions during the euro crisis and the current crisis. It finds that geoeconomic competition increases the demand for a more active fiscal policy, while political preferences and structural relations remained remarkably stable. As the current crisis is marked by high inflation, economic conditions are adverse to a fiscally expansive agenda. The findings do not suggest a lasting reorientation of European fiscal governance. Instead, the measures taken during the pandemic are interpreted as expressions of ‘passive revolution’ in which the EMU adapts elements of a fiscal integrative agenda to provide necessary fixes to its economic order while keeping its underlying fiscally restrictive features intact.
How do Mandarin-speaking children relate events in personal narratives?
Authors: Zhang Fangfang , Wang Yan , McCabe Allyssa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study explored Mandarin-speaking children’s independent ability in using conjunctions to relate events in personal narration. Twenty three-year-olds, twenty four-year-olds, twenty five-year-olds and twenty six-year-olds participated, and they were prompted to tell personal stories. Conjunctions were assessed in terms of the use of seven types of connectives. With age, Mandarin-speaking children used more diversified conjunctions and produced more conjunctions in their personal narratives. Significant differences were found across age groups in the frequency of sequential, temporal, and simple connectives, but the proportional use of these three connectives did not differ across age groups. No gender differences were found in the use of any of the connectives. Mandarin-speaking children relied on sequential, temporal and simple connectives to relate events in their narratives, and the use of causal, additive, adversative and conditional connectives were rare. Chinese mothers’ greater emphasis on knowledge, social rules and moral standards may contribute to this.
Superconductivity in Ce-based cage compounds
Authors: Panday Suman Raj , Dzero Maxim 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Cerium-based ternary compounds CeNi2Cd20 and CePd2Cd20 do not exhibit long-range order down to millikelvin temperature range. Given the large separation between Ce ions which significantly reduces the super-exchange interactions and vanishingly small Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida interaction, here we show that nodal superconductivity mediated by the valence fluctuations must be a ground state in these materials. We propose that the critical temperature for the superconducting transition can be significantly increased by applying hydrostatic pressure. We employ an extended periodic Anderson lattice model which includes the long-range Coulomb interactions between the itinerant electrons as well as the local Coulomb interaction between the predominantly localized and itinerant electrons to compute a critical temperature of the superconducting transition. Using the slave-boson approach we show that fluctuations mediated by the repulsive electron–electron interactions lead to the emergence of d-wave superconductivity.
PCTNet: depth estimation from single structured light image with a parallel CNN-transformer network
Authors: Zhu Xinjun , Han Zhiqiang , Zhang Zhizhi , Song Limei , Wang Hongyi , Guo Qinghua 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Recent approaches based on convolutional neural networks significantly improve the performance of structured light image depth estimation in fringe projection and speckle projection 3D measurement. However, it remains challenging to simultaneously preserve the global structure and local details of objects for the structured light images in complex scenes. In this paper, we design a parallel CNN-transformer network (PCTNet), which consists of a CNN branch, a transformer branch, a bidirectional feature fusion module (BFFM), and a cross-feature multi-scale fusion module (CFMS). The BFFM and CFMS modules are proposed to fuse local and global features of the double branches in order to achieve better depth estimation. Comprehensive experiments are conducted to evaluate our model on four structured light datasets, i.e. our established simulated fringe and speckle structured light datasets, and public real fringe and speckle structured light datasets. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed PCTNet is an effective architecture, achieving state-of-the-art performance in both qualitative and quantitative evaluation.
Gearbox compound fault diagnosis method based on deep adversarial graph convolution transfer learning network under low label ratios
Authors: Kong Xiaojia , Su Yuanhao , Meng Liang , Lan Xiaosheng , Li Yunfeng , Xu Tongle 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Advancement in measurement techniques has dramatically contributed to the development of the modern manufacturing industry. As the primary fault causing unplanned downtime of mechanical equipment, gearbox compound faults are usually coupled by single faults with unequal severity and are difficult to obtain. In industrial scenarios, monitoring data for extreme operating conditions is not available in advance, and labeling samples is time-consuming and costly. However, current research on unseen compound fault diagnosis relies on numerous labeled samples to train the model, and few studies are conducted on transfer learning and unseen compound fault diagnosis under low label ratios. To address the issue, a gearbox compound fault diagnosis method based on deep adversarial graph convolution transfer learning network (DAGCTLN) under low label ratios is proposed. Specifically, a novel DAGCTLN model, including a feature extractor, two label classifiers, and a discriminator, is constructed to realize the diagnosis of faults in the transfer domain and unseen compound faults in the source and target domains. The feature extractor of a three-layer graph convolutional network is presented to achieve deep extraction of fault features under low label ratios. Then a domain space adversarial mechanism between the feature extractor and discriminator is used to achieve global alignment of the source and target domain features. Furthermore, two label classifiers are constructed, and the adversarial adaptation of the decision boundary is realized by maxi-min the classifier difference to achieve subdomain alignment of the same class features in all domains. Experimental results indicate that DAGCTLN can achieve the highest fault diagnosis accuracy in the transfer domain compared to state-of-the-art algorithms. The average diagnosis accuracy of compound faults in all domains can reach 98.41% even if the label ratio is only 0.1, which provides guiding significance for the safe operation and predictive maintenance of mechanical equipment.
All-solution-processed perovskite/gallium nitride particles hybrid visible-blind ultraviolet photodetectors
Authors: He Jing , Jiang Sijie , Lu Lihua , Li Wenfeng , Zhang Jing , Wei Wenjie , Guo Zhongli , Hu Beier , Wan Ziang , Yun Yikai , Tian Yuanyuan , Huang Kai , Chen Mengyu , Li Cheng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Last decades have witnessed the rapid development of ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors in diversity of applications. The III-nitride semiconductor and metal halide perovskite have both performed promising UV-sensing optoelectronic properties. However, they are still suffering from either the high temperature epitaxial-growth or low photocurrent generated in UV range. In this work, we demonstrate an innovative MAPbCl3/GaN particle hybrid device with all-solution-processed deposition methods. Comparing to the control MAPbCl3 photoconductors, the photo-sensing ability of the hybrid device with the optimal concentration of GaN particles is more than one order of magnitude enhanced, and report a responsivity of 86 mA W−1, a detectivity of 3.1 × 1011 Jones and a rise/fall time of 1.1/10.7 ms at 360 nm. The photocurrent increment could be attributed to the enhanced UV absorption of GaN particles and facilitated charge separation and photoconductive gain at MAPbCl3/GaN heterojunction. This work paves a pathway towards the large-scale low-cost UV photodetectors in versatile applications.
Experimental and computational study of the role of defects and secondary phases on the thermoelectric properties of TiNi1+xSn (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.12) half Heusler compounds
Authors: Ascrizzi Eleonora , Casassa Silvia , Daga Loredana Edith , Dasmahapatra Atreyi , Maschio Lorenzo , Karttunen Antti J , Boldrini Stefano , Ferrario Alberto , Fanciulli Carlo , Aversano Francesco , Baricco Marcello , Castellero Alberto 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe half Heusler TiNiSn compound is a model system for understanding the relationship among structural, electronic, microstructural and thermoelectric properties. However, the role of defects that deviate from the ideal crystal structure is far from being fully described. In this work, TiNi1+xSn alloys (x= 0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.12) were synthesized by arc melting elemental metals and annealed to achieve equilibrium conditions. Experimental values of the Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity, obtained from this work and from the literature, scale with the measured carrier concentration, due to different amounts of secondary phases and interstitial nickel. Density functional theory calculations showed that the presence of both interstitial Ni defects and composition conserving defects narrows the band gap with respect to the defect free structure, affecting the transport properties. Accordingly, results of experimental investigations have been explained confirming that interstitial Ni defects, as well as secondary phases, promote a metallic behavior, raising the electrical conductivity and lowering the absolute values of the Seebeck coefficient.
Nonlinear laser absorption on metal surface embedded with nanoparticles in the presence of external magnetic field
Authors: Simon Moses , Chauhan Prashant 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A nonlinear analytical model is developed for the absorption of a p-polarized laser that is obliquely incident on a metal surface embedded with metallic nanoparticles under the influence of an external magnetic field. The model suggests that the absorption coefficient is proportional to the angle of incidence and cube of nanoparticle-radius, but inversely proportional to the square of interparticle separation. Obtained results show that the laser absorption by the nanoparticles is substantially amplified due to plasmon resonance in the presence of an external magnetic field. The absorption coefficient has a sharp peak at surface plasma resonance

ω
=

ω

p

/

3

,

where

ω

p

is the plasma frequency and it shows explicit dependence on the amplitude transmission coefficient

T

A

of the incident wave. Absorption coefficient is obtained for gold nanoparticles for different incident angles, radii and interparticle separations and this study is of direct relevance in high performance optoelectronic devices, solar cells and nanomedicines.