bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Diffuse Circumnuclear Gas around Sgr A* Achieve Collisional Ionization Equilibrium or Remain Non-equilibrium Ionization?
Authors: Niu Shu , Xie Fu-Guo , Sun Wei , Ji Li 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The feeding and feedback processes at the vicinity of a supermassive black hole (BH) are essential for our understanding of the connection between supermassive BH and its host galaxy. In this work, we provide a detailed investigation, both observational and theoretical, on the diffuse (∼2″–20″, ∼0.08–0.8 pc) X-ray emission around Sgr A*. Over two-decade Chandra observations are gathered to obtain highest signal-to-noise to date. We find that, the line center of iron lines of the outer 8″–18″ region,

ϵ

c

=

6.65

−
0.03

+
0.02

keV

, is comparable to that (

ϵ

c

=

6.60

−
0.03

+
0.05

keV

) of the inner 2″–5″ region. This is somewhat unexpected, since the gas temperature decreases further away from the central BH. Based on a dynamical inflow–outflow model that considers the gas feeding by stellar winds from Wolf–Rayet stars, we calculate the X-ray spectrum based on both the conventional collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE) assumption, and the newly developed non-equilibrium ionization (NEI) assumption. We find that, theoretically gases within ∼8″–10″ remain in a CIE state, outside of this radius they will be in the NEI state. A comparison of the properties of ∼6.6 keV iron lines between CIE and NEI is addressed. Interestingly, the NEI interpretation of outer region is supported by the Chandra line center ϵ
c measurements of this region.
Magnetohydrodynamics in free surface liquid metal flow relevant to plasma-facing components
Authors: Sun Z. , Al Salami J. , Khodak A. , Saenz F. , Wynne B. , Maingi R. , Hanada K. , Hu C.H. , Kolemen E. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
While flowing Liquid Metal (LM) Plasma-Facing Components (PFCs) represent a potentially transformative technology to enable long-pulse operation with high-power exhaust for fusion reactors, Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) drag in the conducting LM will reduce the flow speed. Experiments have been completed in the linear open-channel LMX-U device [Hvasta et al 2018 Nucl. Fusion 58 01602] for validation of MHD drag calculations with either insulating or conducting walls, with codes similar to those used to design flowing LM PFCs for a Fusion Nuclear Science Facility [Kessel et al 2019 Fusion Sci. Technol. 75 886]. We observe that the average channel flow speed decreased with the use of conducting walls and the strength of the applied transverse magnetic field. The MHD drag from the retarding Lorentz force resulted in an increase of the LM depth in the channel that ‘piled up’ near the inlet, but not the outlet. As reproduced by OpenFOAM and ANSYS CFX calculations, the magnitude and characteristics of the pileup in the flow direction increased with the applied traverse magnetic field by up to 120%, as compared to the case without an applied magnetic field, corresponding to an average velocity reduction of ∼45%. Particle tracking measurements confirmed a predicted shear in the flow speed, with the surface velocity increasing by 300%, despite the 45% drop in the average bulk speed. The MHD effect makes the bulk flow laminarized but keeps surface waves aligned along the magnetic field lines due to the anisotropy of MHD drag. The 3D fringe field and high surface velocity generate ripples around the outlet region. It was also confirmed that the MHD drag strongly depends on the conductivity of the channel walls, magnetic field, and volumetric flow rate, in agreement with the simulations and a developed analytical model. These validated models are now available to begin to determine the conditions under which the ideal LM channel design of a constant flow speed and fluid depth could be attained.
Cable crimping intelligent measuring device
Authors: tao Guo , jing Fang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The rapid development of China’s economy has promoted the development of the power industry, and more and more UHV transmission lines have been put into construction. With the expansion of the cable scale, the power industry’s requirements for cable quality have also increased. In the construction of power transmission and transformation lines, the crimping of cables is an important link that affects the entire line. On the basis of the traditional crimping measurement method, this paper designs an intelligent measuring device for cable crimping, which uses STM32 microcontroller as data processor and integrates various digital measuring tools. The device is used in the cable crimping construction and quality inspection process. Improve the efficiency and quality of cable crimping construction, and realize the integration, digitization and informatization of cable crimping data measurement.
Research and application of box type substation operation safety management and control system based on three-dimensional modeling and UWB positioning
Authors: Li Xinzhuo , Zhang Li , Li Jinxin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes a box type substation operation safety management and control system based on GIM modeling technology and UWB positioning technology to address the current challenges of personnel and vehicle control, single control methods, difficult information exchange, and blind spots in on-site substation operations. This system integrates safety control measures throughout the entire operation process of the substation before, during, and after operation, achieving closed-loop control of operation safety. Firstly, laser point cloud and power system GIM technology are used for three-dimensional modeling of substation environment and equipment. Then, UWB positioning technology is used for indoor positioning. Combined with various business systems such as substation work tickets and SCADA, the qualification review of station personnel and vehicles before substation operation is achieved, real-time monitoring of personnel status and movement trajectory during operation, and real-time monitoring of on-site environment after operation are achieved. The system has been deployed and applied to a 35kV box type substation in Guizhou, and through a period of actual operation, it has effectively controlled the operation site.
Internet of Things-based Water pH Level Monitoring for Arowana Cultivation
Authors: Daru A F , Christanto F W , Vydia V 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Arowana fish cultivation is a special cultivation that grows decorative fish instead of consumption. Unlike consumption fish, Arowana fish require a strict water pH level to live healthily. Hence, the cultivator must carefully maintain the water to prevent high acidity levels in the aquarium. A high acid level in the water may cause severe disease or death to Arowana. However, detecting acidity levels in the water required a particular tool, such as litmus paper. Litmus paper provided accurate acid detection by color indication. A strip of litmus paper is required for every aquarium to detect the acidity level. Buying many litmus papers may increase the unnecessary cost of cultivation. This research proposed acidity level monitoring by implementing Internet of Things technology to allow automation and remote monitoring. According to the evaluation result, the proposed model is capable of detecting the state of the acidity level with an accuracy of up to 100%. Besides that, the detection range of the proposed model is almost identical to a pH meter with a percentage error of less than 1% in many acidity levels.
Panicle branching of nutritious rice based on good agricultural practices
Authors: Hastini T , Rohaeni W R , Susanto U , Pramudyawardani E F , Nurdin A 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPanicle branching is one of the characters that can distinguish one rice cultivar from another. Agricultural practices determined the performance of panicle branching. The trial aimed to study the differences among ten rice lines based on panicle branching characters cultivated based on good farming practices. Seven pure lines and three varieties were planted as genetic material in 4 replications. The trial was conducted in Bandung in 2020 at an altitude was 460 m asl. The characters observed were panicle length, main axis length, number of total grain per panicle, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, primary branch length, secondary branch length, and number of secondary branches primary branch. All the panicle branching characters showed different among genetical material planted. The longest panicle was found in IR 105730-B-79-1-4-SKI-1-8, but the longest main axis length was found in Inpari IR Nutrizinc, local variety and IR 105730-B-79-1-4-SKI-1-8. The genotype of IR 105734-B-64-1-1-SKI-1-SG-11 showed had the most grains number (223.28), and the genotype of IR 105730-B-79-1-4-SKI-1-8 was not different with IR 105734-B-64-1-1-SKI-1-SG-11. In the other characters, the genotype of IR 105730-B-79-1-4-SKI-1-8 was relatively showed a good performance, especially in primary branch length, secondary branch length, and number of secondary branches primary branch.
The Effect of Benzyl Amino Purine and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid on in Vitro Propagation of Pranajiwa (Euchresta horsfieldii (Lesch) Benn.)
Authors: Ramadhani Defrita Fitri , Samanhudi  , Pramweswari Wuri , Syukri Daimon , Setyawati Andriyana 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Pranajiwa (Euchresta horsfieldii (Lesch) Benn.) is an endangered medicinal plant known for its function as aphrodisiac, antidote, expectorant, and tonic. It also can be used to cure TBC. Research has found that pranajiwa is difficult to be propagated, but the tissue culture propagation method has never been applied to this species. This research is aimed to figure out the procedure to induce callogenesis of pranajiwa with the addition of Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and to determine the proper combination of BAP and 2,4-D to produce an optimal callus. MS-based medium with 25 combinations of BAP and 2,4-D has been used for the callus induction. Parameters observed in this research are callus appearing time, percentage of inducted calluses, and morphology observation, including the texture and color of the callus. Result shows that 90.67% calluses was successfully inducted. The optimal callus was obtained by combining BAP 1 ppm and 2,4-D 1,5 ppm with 5 days of appearing time, friable texture and green color.
Optimitimization of sorghum protein isolates as a by-product of starch extraction using enzymatic methods
Authors: Wulandari E , Sumanti D M , Andoyo R , Safitri S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The lack of protein consumption in Indonesian society has caused an increase in malnutrition sufferers in the country. One of the prevention efforts is making protein isolates with sorghum as raw materials because sorghum is a cereal with the highest protein content compared to other grains. To produce food-grade isolates, the isolation process is carried out with the help of the α-amylase enzyme, which has an activity of 6,666,563 units/ml. This study aimed to determine the optimization value and functional characteristics of sorghum protein isolate produced using enzymatic methods. This research was conducted with an experimental method followed by hypothesis testing using a CCD (Central Composite Design) RSM (Response Surface Methodology) test with α-amylase enzyme variables and 0.9 % -1.8% and 1.5-2.5 hours for reaction times of each upper and lower limit. The desired response variable is protein content. Protein isolates with the highest levels or 58.40% were obtained with an enzyme amount of 1.35% with a hydrolysis length of time of 3.4 hours. Estimation validation will get optimum levels or more than 90% will be produced using the α-amylase enzyme of 2.63% and hydrolyzed for 2 hours.
Physical Characteristics of Emulsion-Type Sausage from Lamb Meat with Varying Fat Levels
Authors: Iswoyo  , Sumarmono J , Setyawardani T 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe study aims to develop processed lamb products in emulsion-type sausages with variations in fat content. Treatments were arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), and each treatment had four replicates. The emulsion-type sausage was manufactured from Batur lamb meat mixed with lamb fat at varying proportions (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 percent). The ingredients added were salt 2 percent, dextrose 0.5 percent, garlic powder 0.5 percent, pepper powder 0.5 percent, paprika powder 0.3 percent, and chili powder 0.5 percent (w/w). Meat, fat, and other ingredients were mixed, emulsified, and then stuffed into collagen casings. The sausages were cooked for 45 minutes. The variable measured included pH, cooking losses, and tenderness of the sausages. Results showed that fat level in sausage mixes produced sausages with significant pH variation. The cooking losses and tenderness of the sausages were barely changed. This study concludes that adding 10 percent of lamb fat into sausage mixes produces emulsion-type sausages of the most optimum quality.
The Effect of Different in Liquid Egg Yolk Storage Temperature on Physical, Chemical, Microbiological and Functional Properties
Authors: Wibowo C. Hari , Sudjatinah  
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The research objective was to determine the effect of differences in liquid egg yolk storage temperature on physical, chemical and functional properties. This research was conducted for 6 (six) months at the Food Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural Technology Universitas Semarang. The materials used were 500 eggs, and plastic packing. The equipment used in this study were: egg tray, knife, filter, mixer, container. stainless steel, steam pasteurization equipment, plastic packaging, refrigerator, pH. The experimental design was completely randomized in one direction pattern, with the treatment factor being the storage temperature. The applied treatments were as follows: P2: Storage at chiller temperature (5°C), P3: Storage at refrigerator temperature (10°C), and P4: Storage at freezer temperature (-18°). The treatment was repeated 5 times. Observations were made on fresh conditions, storage time of 14 days and storage time of 28 days. The variables observed were pH,, TPC (total plate count), viscosity, and fat content (%). The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance, if there were differences due to the treatment, it was continued with the DMRT test, with a significance value of 5% using SAS software version 9.2. The results showed that there were significant differences in the average values of pH, TPC, viscosity and fat content in both storage for 14 days and 28 days. The lower the storage temperature, the higher the pH value and fat content but the lower the TPC value and viscosity.
scME: a dual-modality factor model for single-cell multiomics embedding
Authors: Zhou Bin , Yang Fan , Zeng Feng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Single-cell multiomics technologies are emerging to characterize different molecular features of cells. This gives rise to an issue of combining various kinds of molecular features to dissect cell heterogeneity. Most single-cell multiomics integration methods focus on shared information among modalities while complementary information specific to each modality is often discarded.

Results
To disentangle and combine shared and complementary information across modalities, we develop a dual-modality factor model named scME by using deep factor modeling. Our results demonstrate that scME can generate a better joint representation of multiple modalities than those generated by other single-cell multiomics integration algorithms, which gives a clear elucidation of nuanced differences among cells. We also demonstrate that the joint representation of multiple modalities yielded by scME can provide salient information to improve both single-cell clustering and cell-type classification. Overall, scME will be an efficient method for combining various kinds of molecular features to facilitate the dissection of cell heterogeneity.

Availability and implementation
The code is public for academic use and available on the GitHub site (https://github.com/bucky527/scME).
itol.toolkit accelerates working with iTOL (Interactive Tree of Life) by an automated generation of annotation files
Authors: Zhou Tong , Xu Kuidong , Zhao Feng , Liu Weiyue , Li Longzhao , Hua Zhongyi , Zhou Xin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Summary
iTOL is a powerful and comprehensive phylogenetic tree visualization engine. However, adjusting to new templates can be time-consuming, especially when many templates are available. We developed an R package namely itol.toolkit to help users generate all 23 types of annotation files in iTOL. This R package also provides an all-in-one data structure to store data and themes, accelerating the step from metadata to annotation files of iTOL visualizations through automatic workflows.

Availability and implementation
The manual and source code are available at https://github.com/TongZhou2017/itol.toolkit
Transcranial ultrasound stimulation modulates neural activities during NREM and REM depending on the stimulation phase of slow oscillations and theta waves in the hippocampus
Authors: Dong Shuxun , Xie Zhenyu , Yuan Yi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Modulation of the hippocampal neural activity by low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation depends on the phase of theta rhythm and can also regulate sleep rhythm. However, until now, the modulatory effect of ultrasound stimulation on neural activity in different sleep states depending on the phase of local field potential stimulation in the hippocampus was unclear. To answer this question, closed-loop ultrasound stimulation was applied to in-phase (upstate)/out-of-phase slow oscillations in the hippocampus during non-rapid eye movement sleep, and to the peaks and troughs of theta oscillations in the hippocampus during wake in a mouse model. Local field potential of the hippocampus within 3-h after the ultrasound stimulation during light-on sleep cycle was recorded. We found that (i) under slow-oscillation in-phase stimulation, ultrasound stimulation upregulated the non-rapid eye movement ratio and decreased the wake ratio. Furthermore, it increased the ripple density during non-rapid eye movement and enhanced the coupling of the spindle–ripple during non-rapid eye movement as well as the theta–high gamma phase–amplitude coupling during the REM period. In addition, theta during the REM period showed a more stable oscillation mode. (ii) Under slow-oscillation out-of-phase stimulation, ultrasound stimulation increased the density of ripple during non-rapid eye movement and enhanced the theta–high gamma phase–amplitude coupling strength during REM. Furthermore, theta oscillations during REM were significantly slower and showed higher variability. (iii) Under the phase-locked peak and trough stimulation of theta oscillation, ultrasound stimulation increased the ripple density during non-rapid eye movement, weakened the coupling strength of spindle–ripple during non-rapid eye movement, and enhanced theta–high gamma phase–amplitude coupling during REM. However, theta oscillation mode was not changed significantly during REM. The above results suggest that the regulatory effect of ultrasound stimulation on neural activity in different sleep states depends on the stimulation phases of slow oscillations and theta waves in the hippocampus.
Linguistic landscapes tasks in Global Englishes teacher education
Authors: Solmaz Osman 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This cross-sectional study attempts to investigate the impacts of linguistic landscape (LL) tasks on EFL teacher candidates’ understanding of English in local and global contexts. To this end, three cohorts of student teachers carried out LL fieldwork, uploaded images of English signage to an LL application, Lingscape, and submitted a mini research paper on the use of Englishes. They also wrote a reflective journal featuring a discussion of their experiences. Qualitative content analysis was utilized to interpret the data for the purpose of illustrating major themes emerging from the data. The findings highlighted a heightened awareness among student teachers towards locating and reflecting on Englishes in everyday contexts, an improved understanding of English as a lingua franca and Global Englishes, and their intentions to adopt Global-Englishes-oriented language teaching practices in the future. The study concludes by discussing the implications of this approach, and calls for a wider inclusion of LL-centred tasks in EFL teacher education curricula.
Left bundle branch area pacing results in more physiological ventricular activation than biventricular pacing in patients with left bundle branch block heart failure
Authors: Sussenbek Ondrej , Rademakers Leonard , Waldauf Petr , Jurak Pavel , Smisek Radovan , Stros Petr , Poviser Lukas , Vesela Jana , Plesinger Filip , Halamek Josef , Leinveber Pavel , Herman Dalibor , Osmancik Pavel , Curila Karol 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Biventricular pacing (Biv) and left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) are methods of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Currently, little is known about how they differ in terms of ventricular activation. This study compared ventricular activation patterns in left bundle branch block (LBBB) heart failure patients using an ultra-high-frequency electrocardiography (UHF-ECG). This was a retrospective analysis including 80 CRT patients from two centres. UHF-ECG data were obtained during LBBB, LBBAP, and Biv. Left bundle branch area pacing patients were divided into non-selective left bundle branch pacing (NSLBBP) or left ventricular septal pacing (LVSP) and into groups with V6 R-wave peak times (V6RWPT) &lt; 90 ms and ≥ 90 ms. Calculated parameters were: e-DYS (time difference between the first and last activation in V1–V8 leads) and Vdmean (average of V1–V8 local depolarization durations). In LBBB patients (n = 80) indicated for CRT, spontaneous rhythms were compared with Biv (39) and LBBAP rhythms (64). Although both Biv and LBBAP significantly reduced QRS duration (QRSd) compared with LBBB (from 172 to 148 and 152 ms, respectively, both P &lt; 0.001), the difference between them was not significant (P = 0.2). Left bundle branch area pacing led to shorter e-DYS (24 ms) than Biv (33 ms; P = 0.008) and shorter Vdmean (53 vs. 59 ms; P = 0.003). No differences in QRSd, e-DYS, or Vdmean were found between NSLBBP, LVSP, and LBBAP with paced V6RWPTs &lt; 90 and ≥ 90 ms. Both Biv CRT and LBBAP significantly reduce ventricular dyssynchrony in CRT patients with LBBB. Left bundle branch area pacing is associated with more physiological ventricular activation.