bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term effectiveness of non-surgical open-bite treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Theodoridou Maria-Zoi , Zarkadi Athanasia-Eirini , Zymperdikas Vasileios F. , Papadopoulos Moschos A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The etiology of open bite is complex, involving various genetic or environmental factors. Several treatment alternatives have been suggested for the correction of open bite, yet their long-term effectiveness remains controversial.

Objective
To assess the long-term effectiveness of open-bite treatment in treated with non-surgical approaches versus untreated patients, through lateral cephalometric radiographs.

Search methods
Unrestricted search of 16 electronic databases and manual searches up to November 2022.

Selection criteria
Randomized or non-randomized controlled trials reporting on the long-term effects of open-bite treatment through angular lateral cephalometric variables.

Data collection and analysis
Only angular variables on lateral cephalometric radiographs were considered as primary outcomes. For each outcome, the mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the random-effects model to consider existing heterogeneity. The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (R.o.B. 2.0) and the risk-of-bias tool for non-randomized studies for interventions (ROBINS-I) were utilized for the randomized and non-randomized trials, respectively.

Results
From the initially identified 26,527 hits, only 6 studies (1 randomized and 5 retrospective controlled trials) were finally included in this systematic review reporting on 244 open-bite individuals (134 patients and 110 untreated controls), while five of them were included in the meta-analyses, assessing either the interval ranging from treatment start to post-retention (T3–T1) or from end of treatment to post-retention period (T3–T2). Regarding the vertical plane, for the T3–T2 interval, no significant differences were found for the assessed skeletal measurements, indicating a relative stability of the treatment results. Similarly, with regard to the T3–T1 interval, no significant differences could be identified for the examined skeletal variables, implying that the produced effects are rather minimal and that the correction of the open bite was performed mainly through dentoalveolar rather than skeletal changes. Further, no significant changes could be identified regarding the inclination of the upper and lower incisors. Only the nasolabial angle was significantly reduced in the treated patients in the long term.

Conclusions
According to existing evidence, the influence of non-surgical treatment of open bite on the skeletal tissues and the inclination of the incisors is rather minimal in the long term, while only the nasolabial angle was significantly reduced.
A model of porcine polymicrobial septic shock
Authors: Zurek-Leffers Finnja Marie , Lehmann Florian , Brabenec Laura , Kintrup Sebastian , Hellenthal Katharina E. M. , Mersjann Kira , Kneifel Felicia , Hessler Michael , Arnemann Philip-Helge , Kampmeier Tim-Gerald , Ertmer Christian , Kellner Patrick , Wagner Nana-Maria 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Mortality of patients with sepsis is high and largely unchanged throughout the past decades. Animal models have been widely used for the study of sepsis and septic shock, but translation into effective treatment regimes in the clinic have mostly failed. Pigs are considered as suitable research models for human diseases due to their high comparability and similarity to human anatomy, genetics, and the immune system. We here evaluated the previously reported models of septic shock in pigs and established a novel model of polymicrobial sepsis that meets the clinical criteria of septic shock in pigs.

Materials and methods
The literature search was performed using the keywords “pig”, “sepsis” and “septic shock”. For the establishment of septic shock in n = 10 German landrace pigs, mechanical ventilation was initiated, central venous and arterial lines and invasive hemodynamic monitoring via pulse contour cardiac output measurement (PiCCO) established. Peritoneal polymicrobial faecal sepsis was induced by application of 3 g/kg body weight faeces into the abdominal cavity. Septic shock was defined according to the third international consensus definitions (Sepsis-3). Upon shock, pigs underwent the 1-h bundle for the treatment of human sepsis. Cytokine levels were measured by ELISA.

Results
Published porcine sepsis models exhibited high methodological variability and did not meet the clinical criteria of septic shock. In our model, septic shock developed after an average of 4.8 ± 0.29 h and was associated with a reproducible drop in blood pressure (mean arterial pressure 54 ± 1 mmHg) and significant hyperlactatemia (3.76 ± 0.65 mmol/L). Septic shock was associated with elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL6) and initial cardiac depression followed by a hyperdynamic phase with significant loss of systemic vascular resistance index after initial resuscitation. In addition, organ dysfunction (acute kidney injury) occurred.

Conclusions
We here established a model of septic shock in pigs that meets the clinical criteria of septic shock utilized in human patients. Our model may thus serve as a reference for clinically relevant sepsis research in pigs.
Development of a bespoke phantom to optimize molecular PET imaging of pituitary tumors
Authors: Gillett Daniel , Marsden Daniel , Crawford Rosy , Ballout Safia , MacFarlane James , van der Meulen Merel , Gillett Bethany , Bird Nick , Heard Sarah , Powlson Andrew S. , Santarius Thomas , Mannion Richard , Kolias Angelos , Harper Ines , Mendichovszky Iosif A. , Aloj Luigi , Cheow Heok , Bashari Waiel , Koulouri Olympia , Gurnell Mark 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Image optimization is a key step in clinical nuclear medicine, and phantoms play an essential role in this process. However, most phantoms do not accurately reflect the complexity of human anatomy, and this presents a particular challenge when imaging endocrine glands to detect small (often subcentimeter) tumors. To address this, we developed a novel phantom for optimization of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the human pituitary gland. Using radioactive 3D printing, phantoms were created which mimicked the distribution of 11C-methionine in normal pituitary tissue and in a small tumor embedded in the gland (i.e., with no inactive boundary, thereby reproducing the in vivo situation). In addition, an anatomical phantom, replicating key surrounding structures [based on computed tomography (CT) images from an actual patient], was created using material extrusion 3D printing with specialized filaments that approximated the attenuation properties of bone and soft tissue.

Results
The phantom enabled us to replicate pituitary glands harboring tumors of varying sizes (2, 4 and 6 mm diameters) and differing radioactive concentrations (2 ×, 5 × and 8 × the normal gland). The anatomical phantom successfully approximated the attenuation properties of surrounding bone and soft tissue. Two iterative reconstruction algorithms [ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM); Bayesian penalized likelihood (BPL)] with a range of reconstruction parameters (e.g., 3, 5, 7 and 9 OSEM iterations with 24 subsets; BPL regularization parameter (β) from 50 to 1000) were tested. Images were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by eight expert readers. Quantitatively, signal was the highest using BPL with β = 50; noise was the lowest using BPL with β = 1000; contrast was the highest using BPL with β = 100. The qualitative review found that accuracy and confidence were the highest when using BPL with β = 400.

Conclusions
The development of a bespoke phantom has allowed the identification of optimal parameters for molecular pituitary imaging: BPL reconstruction with TOF, PSF correction and a β value of 400; in addition, for small (< 4 mm) tumors with low contrast (2:1 or 5:1), sensitivity may be improved using a β value of 100. Together, these findings should increase tumor detection and confidence in reporting scans.
NEMA NU 1-2018 performance characterization and Monte Carlo model validation of the Cubresa Spark SiPM-based preclinical SPECT scanner
Authors: Strugari Matthew E. , DeBay Drew R. , Beyea Steven D. , Brewer Kimberly D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The Cubresa Spark is a novel benchtop silicon-photomultiplier (SiPM)-based preclinical SPECT system. SiPMs in SPECT significantly improve resolution and reduce detector size compared to preclinical cameras with photomultiplier tubes requiring highly magnifying collimators. The NEMA NU 1 Standard for Performance Measurements of Gamma Cameras provides methods that can be readily applied or extended to characterize preclinical cameras with minor modifications. The primary objective of this study is to characterize the Spark according to the NEMA NU 1-2018 standard to gain insight into its nuclear medicine imaging capabilities. The secondary objective is to validate a GATE Monte Carlo simulation model of the Spark for use in preclinical SPECT studies.

Methods
NEMA NU 1-2018 guidelines were applied to characterize the Spark’s intrinsic, system, and tomographic performance with single- and multi-pinhole collimators. Phantoms were fabricated according to NEMA specifications with deviations involving high-resolution modifications. GATE was utilized to model the detector head with the single-pinhole collimator, and NEMA measurements were employed to tune and validate the model. Single-pinhole and multi-pinhole SPECT data were reconstructed with the Software for Tomographic Image Reconstruction and HiSPECT, respectively.

Results
The limiting intrinsic resolution was measured as 0.85 mm owing to a high-resolution SiPM array combined with a 3 mm-thick scintillation crystal. The average limiting tomographic resolution was 1.37 mm and 1.19 mm for the single- and multi-pinhole collimators, respectively, which have magnification factors near unity at the center of rotation. The maximum observed count rate was 15,400 cps, and planar sensitivities of 34 cps/MBq and 150 cps/MBq were measured at the center of rotation for the single- and multi-pinhole collimators, respectively. All simulated tests agreed well with measurement, where the most considerable deviations were below 7%.

Conclusions
NEMA NU 1-2018 standards determined that a SiPM detector mitigates the need for highly magnifying pinhole collimators while preserving detailed information in projection images. Measured and simulated NEMA results were highly comparable with differences on the order of a few percent, confirming simulation accuracy and validating the GATE model. Of the collimators initially provided with the Spark, the multi-pinhole collimator offers high resolution and sensitivity for organ-specific imaging of small animals, and the single-pinhole collimator enables high-resolution whole-body imaging of small animals.
Retinal image quality in myopic children undergoing orthokeratology alone or combined with 0.01% atropine
Authors: Tan Qi , Cho Pauline , Ng Alex L. K. , Cheng George P. M. , Woo Victor C. P. , Vincent Stephen J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The retinal image quality derived from lower-order (LOA) and higher-order aberrations (HOA) for fixed 3-mm and photopic pupil diameters, in children undergoing combined 0.01% atropine and orthokeratology (AOK) versus those receiving orthokeratology alone (OK) over two years was evaluated.

Methods
The visual Strehl ratio based on the optical transfer function (VSOTF), derived from 2nd- to 4th-order terms (LOA and HOA combined), 2nd-order terms (LOA only), and 3rd- to 4th-order terms (HOA only) for fixed 3-mm and natural photopic pupil diameters, was compared between the two treatment groups. The individual Zernike coefficients for a fixed 3-mm pupil size of 2nd- to 4th-orders, root mean square (RMS) of LOA ($${Z}_{2}^{0}$$

Z

2

0

, $${Z}_{2}^{-2}$$

Z

2

-
2

, and $${Z}_{2}^{2}$$

Z

2

2

combined), HOA (3rd to 4th orders inclusive), and Coma ($${Z}_{3}^{-1}{\mathrm{and }Z}_{3}^{1}$$

Z

3

-
1

and
Z

3

1

combined) were also compared between the two groups.

Results
Right eye data of 33 AOK and 35 OK participants were analysed. Under photopic conditions, significantly lower VSOTF based on HOA only was observed in the AOK group compared with that in the OK group at all post-treatment visits (all P < 0.05); however, interactions between HOA and LOA resulted in comparable overall retinal image quality (i.e., VSOTF based on LOA and HOA combined) between the two groups at all visits (all P > 0.05). For a fixed 3-mm pupil size, the VSOTF based on HOA only, LOA only, or HOA and LOA combined, were not different between the two groups (all P > 0.05). AOK participants had slower axial elongation (mean ± SD, 0.17 ± 0.19 mm vs. 0.35 ± 0.20 mm, P < 0.001), a larger photopic pupil size (4.05 ± 0.61 mm vs. 3.43 ± 0.41 mm, P < 0.001) than OK participants, over two years.

Conclusions
HOA profile related to an enlarged pupil size may provide visual signal influencing eye growth in the AOK group.
Assessing abnormal corneal endothelial cells from in vivo confocal microscopy images using a fully automated deep learning system
Authors: Qu Jinghao , Qin Xiaoran , Peng Rongmei , Xiao Gege , Gu Shaofeng , Wang Haikun , Hong Jing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The goal of this study is to develop a fully automated segmentation and morphometric parameter estimation system for assessing abnormal corneal endothelial cells (CECs) from LASER in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) images.

Methods
First, we developed a fully automated deep learning system for assessing abnormal CECs using a previous development set composed of normal images and a newly constructed development set composed of abnormal images. Second, two testing sets, one with 169 normal images and the other with 211 abnormal images, were used to evaluate the clinical validity and effectiveness of the proposed system on LASER IVCM images with different corneal endothelial conditions, particularly on abnormal images. Third, the automatically calculated endothelial cell density (ECD) and the manually calculated ECD were compared using both the previous and proposed systems.

Results
The automated morphometric parameter estimations of the average number of cells, ECD, coefficient of variation in cell area and percentage of hexagonal cells were 257 cells, 2648 ± 511 cells/mm2, 32.18 ± 6.70% and 56.23 ± 8.69% for the normal CEC testing set and 83 cells, 1450 ± 656 cells/mm2, 34.87 ± 10.53% and 42.55 ± 20.64% for the abnormal CEC testing set. Furthermore, for the abnormal CEC testing set, Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the automatically and manually calculated ECDs was 0.9447; the 95% limits of agreement between the manually and automatically calculated ECDs were between 329.0 and − 579.5 (concordance correlation coefficient = 0.93).

Conclusions
This is the first report to count and analyze the morphology of abnormal CECs in LASER IVCM images using deep learning. Deep learning produces highly objective evaluation indicators for LASER IVCM corneal endothelium images and greatly expands the range of applications for LASER IVCM.
Diversification evidence of bitcoin and gold from wavelet analysis
Authors: Bhuiyan Rubaiyat Ahsan , Husain Afzol , Zhang Changyong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo measure the diversification capability of Bitcoin, this study employs wavelet analysis to investigate the coherence of Bitcoin price with the equity markets of both the emerging and developed economies, considering the COVID-19 pandemic and the recent Russia-Ukraine war. The results based on the data from January 9, 2014 to May 31, 2022 reveal that compared with gold, Bitcoin consistently provides diversification opportunities with all six representative market indices examined, specifically under the normal market condition. In particular, for short-term horizons, Bitcoin shows favorably low correlation with each index for all years, whereas exception is observed for gold. In addition, diversification between Bitcoin and gold is demonstrated as well, mainly for short-term investments. However, the diversification benefit is conditional for both Bitcoin and gold under the recent pandemic and war crises. The findings remind investors and portfolio managers planning to incorporate Bitcoin into their portfolios as a diversification tool to be aware of the global geopolitical conditions and other uncertainty in considering their investment tools and durations.
A comparative study of the engagement with written corrective feedback of Chinese private college students
Authors: Pan Jie , Chen Huimei , Yuan Surong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPrevious research has explored how L2 students with one specific level of English proficiency engage with teacher written corrective feedback (WCF) underpinned by a tripartite dimensional construct of student engagement in the context of Chinese public universities. Yet, scant attention has been paid to how students of differing proficiency levels engage with teacher WCF in a Chinese private college context. Based on a quadripartite construct of student engagement, this case study has explored how L2 Chinese students with high proficiency (HP) and with low proficiency (LP) cognitively, affectively, behaviorally and agentically engage with teacher WCF. Data collected from multiple sources were examined, including drafts of student essays, teacher WCF, student immediate self-retrospective verbal reports and semi-structured interviews. The study has found imbalances among the four dimensions of engagement, with relatively high affective engagement and less extensive cognitive, behavioral and agentic engagement, which was mediated by the interplay of individual factors like language proficiency, writing self-efficacy and learner belief and contextual factors like student–teacher relationship. The findings contribute to an understanding of the multifaceted and dynamic nature of HP and LP students’ engagement with teacher WCF and provide some implications for both school administrators and teachers in Chinese private colleges.
Exploring the ideational explanation for pro-immigrant sentiment: evidence from a South Korean survey
Authors: Park Seungbin , Tuxhorn Kim-Lee 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA consistent finding in the public opinion literature shows that individuals who attain higher levels of education are more likely to express pro-immigrant attitudes. The ideational hypothesis suggests that ideas learned during formal education drive this empirical relationship. In this article, we develop this hypothesis further by asking, "What types of ideas socialize pro-immigrant attitudes?" We argue that exposure to social theories during higher education promotes social inclusivity and tolerance, leading to positive views toward immigrants. This article draws theoretical insights from attitudinal-based theories of immigrant sentiment to construct a mediation model linking ideas from the classroom to attitudes toward immigrants. Using original data from a population-based survey in South Korea, we examine the relationship between respondents’ prior enrollment in different academic courses and their attitudes toward immigrants. We measure exposure to social theories as enrollment in social science and arts & humanities and find that only social science courses are positively associated with pro-immigrant attitudes. We also examine whether enrollment exhibits indirect effects via previously identified attitudinal determinants of immigrant sentiment. Results from our mediation analysis show that enrollment in social science courses is associated with stronger cosmopolitan views and negatively correlates with isolationist attitudes. In contrast, we find that enrollments in courses unrelated to social theories, like math & science and engineering, are not statistically significant predictors of immigrant attitudes. We interpret our results as observational evidence consistent with ideational-based explanations for pro-immigrant attitudes.
Gender disparity versus equality in acute stroke: a Middle Eastern country hospital-based study
Authors: George John , Aref Hany , Nasser Azza Abdel , Nasef Ayman , Elbassiouny Ahmed , Roushdy Tamer 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Acute stroke management is well-established in developed countries with no gender difference. Yet, in developing countries there are reports on gender disparity in medical services including stroke services. Egypt, a developing low–middle-income country, heavily populated, in the Middle East is a good example to answer whether acute ischemic stroke service is provided equally to males and females or there is disparity in risk factors, onset to door (OTD), door to needle (DTN), and outcome. The current study was prospective observational analytical hospital-based study, on acute ischemic stroke cases admitted to Nasr city insurance hospital stroke unit between September 2020 and September 2022.

Results
350 cases were included, 257 males and 93 females. Hypertension was the commonest risk factor 66% males and 81% females P = 0.011, atrial fibrillation was predominant in females P < 0.001, smoking was predominant in males P < 0.001. Median OTD in hours was 8.0 among both genders with minimum zero and maximum 96 h in males compared to minimum 1 and maximum 120 h in females, DTN was around 30 min with no significant difference. Median NIHSS on which rtPA was administered was 12.5 (6–13) in females compared to 10 (6–12) in males. Males who did not receive rtPA had a better mRS on discharge and on 90 days P = 0.01, 0.009, respectively, while there was no significant difference on discharge and 90 days between both genders on receiving rtPA.

Conclusions
No gender disparity was found in DTN, discharge outcome, and 90 days among rtPA recipients. Females tended to have higher NIHSS and relatively delayed presentation to ER with less favorable outcome at discharge and 90 days in case of not receiving rtPA. Encouraging earlier arrival and conducting awareness campaigns for risk factors management is warranted.
Effects of primary motor cortex noninvasive brain stimulation on post-stroke aphasia: a narrative review
Authors: Rahimibarghani Sarvenaz , Brooke Valerie , Ghorbanpour Sahar , Fateh Hamid R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAphasia is one of the most debilitating impairments after stroke, significantly affecting patients’ comprehension, communication, functional recovery, and overall quality of life. There are numerous strategies for treating aphasia in post-stroke patients. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) technologies, particularly transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have demonstrated promising improvements in post-stroke aphasia when used as an adjunct therapy. However, previous studies have stimulated language-related areas only. This literature review examined the effect of primary motor cortex (M1) stimulation on language function and aphasia following stroke. Applying tDCS or TMS to the primary motor cortex has been shown to improve language recovery following stroke, suggesting a combination with other forms of speech-language rehabilitation has the potential to improve aphasia.