bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of the shear capacity of ultrahigh-performance concrete beams using neural network and genetic algorithm
Authors: Hou Rui , Hou Qi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCurrently, concrete structures have increasingly higher requirements for the shear capacity of beams, and ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) beams are increasingly widely used. To facilitate the design of UHPC beams, this paper constructs a UHPC beam shear strength prediction model. First, static shear tests were conducted on 6 UHPC beam specimens with a length of 2 m and a cross-sectional size of 200 mm × 300 mm to explore the effects of the UHPC strength, shear span ratio, hoop ratio, and steel fiber content on the shear resistance and failure morphology of the UHPC beams. Based on the results of this study and a static load experiment of 102 UHPC beams in the literature, the construction includes the shear span ratio (λ), beam section width (b), beam section height (h), hoop ratio (ρSV), UHPC compressive strength (fc), steel fiber volume fraction (Vf), and the UHPC beam shear capacity (Vex) 7 parameter database. Based on the construction of the database, 1200 BPNN models were trained through trial and error. The models were evaluated using the correlation coefficient R, root mean square error RMSE, and a20-index indicators, and the optimal BPNN model (6-15-8-1) was determined based on the ranking of RMSE. After the optimal BPNN is optimized by a genetic algorithm, the prediction performance of the model is improved. The correlation coefficient between the predicted value and the experimental value is R2 = 0.98667, and RMSE = 7.38. This model can reliably predict the shear strength of UHPC beams and provide designers with a reference for the design of UHPC beams. Finally, after sensitivity analysis, the influence of each input parameter on the UHPC shear capacity is determined.
Population genetic analysis of Plasmodium knowlesi reveals differential selection and exchange events between Borneo and Peninsular sub-populations
Authors: Turkiewicz Anna , Manko Emilia , Oresegun Damiola R. , Nolder Debbie , Spadar Anton , Sutherland Colin J. , Cox-Singh Janet , Moon Robert W. , Lau Yee-Ling , Campino Susana , Clark Taane G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe zoonotic Plasmodium knowlesi parasite is a growing public health concern in Southeast Asia, especially in Malaysia, where elimination of P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria has been the focus of control efforts. Understanding of the genetic diversity of P. knowlesi parasites can provide insights into its evolution, population structure, diagnostics, transmission dynamics, and the emergence of drug resistance. Previous work has revealed that P. knowlesi fall into three main sub-populations distinguished by a combination of geographical location and macaque host (Macaca fascicularis and M. nemestrina). It has been shown that Malaysian Borneo groups display profound heterogeneity with long regions of high or low divergence resulting in mosaic patterns between sub-populations, with some evidence of chromosomal-segment exchanges. However, the genetic structure of non-Borneo sub-populations is less clear. By gathering one of the largest collections of P. knowlesi whole-genome sequencing data, we studied structural genomic changes across sub-populations, with the analysis revealing differences in Borneo clusters linked to mosquito-related stages of the parasite cycle, in contrast to differences in host-related stages for the Peninsular group. Our work identifies new genetic exchange events, including introgressions between Malaysian Peninsular and M. nemestrina-associated clusters on various chromosomes, including in parasite invasion genes (DBP$$\beta$$
β
, NBPX$$\alpha$$
α
and NBPX$$\beta$$
β
), and important proteins expressed in the vertebrate parasite stages. Recombination events appear to have occurred between the Peninsular and M. fascicularis-associated groups, including in the DBP$$\beta$$
β
and DBP$$\gamma$$
γ
invasion associated genes. Overall, our work finds that genetic exchange events have occurred among the recognised contemporary groups of P. knowlesi parasites during their evolutionary history, leading to apparent mosaicism between these sub-populations. These findings generate new hypotheses relevant to parasite evolutionary biology and P. knowlesi epidemiology, which can inform malaria control approaches to containing the impact of zoonotic malaria on human communities.
Human cochlear microstructures at risk of electrode insertion trauma, elucidated in 3D with contrast-enhanced microCT
Authors: Starovoyt Anastasiya , Pyka Grzegorz , Putzeys Tristan , Balcaen Tim , Wouters Jan , Kerckhofs Greet , Verhaert Nicolas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCochlear implant restores hearing loss through electrical stimulation of the hearing nerve from within the cochlea. Unfortunately, surgical implantation of this neuroprosthesis often traumatizes delicate intracochlear structures, resulting in loss of residual hearing and compromising hearing in noisy environments and appreciation of music. To avoid cochlear trauma, insertion techniques and devices have to be adjusted to the cochlear microanatomy. However, existing techniques were unable to achieve a representative visualization of the human cochlea: classical histology damages the tissues and lacks 3D perspective; standard microCT fails to resolve the cochlear soft tissues; and previously used X-ray contrast-enhancing staining agents are destructive. In this study, we overcame these limitations by performing contrast-enhanced microCT imaging (CECT) with a novel polyoxometalate staining agent Hf-WD POM. With Hf-WD POM-based CECT, we achieved nondestructive, high-resolution, simultaneous, 3D visualization of the mineralized and soft microstructures in fresh-frozen human cochleae. This enabled quantitative analysis of the true intracochlear dimensions and led to anatomical discoveries, concerning surgically-relevant microstructures: the round window membrane, the Rosenthal’s canal and the secondary spiral lamina. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Hf-WD POM-based CECT enables quantitative assessment of these structures as well as their trauma.
Nonlinear Rayleigh wave propagation in a layered half-space in dual-phase-lag
Authors: Youssef A. A. , Amein N. K. , Abdelrahman N. S. , Abou-Dina M. S. , Ghaleb A. F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe investigate nonlinear Rayleigh wave propagation in a layered thermoelastic medium composed of a slab rigidly bonded to the surface of a half-space under prescribed external thermal boundary conditions within the dual-phase-lag theory. The heat conduction coefficient for both the slab and the matrix have a linear dependence on temperature. Our aim is to assess the effect of temperature dependence of the heat conductivity, as well as the thermal relaxation times, on the process of wave propagation in the layered medium. Poincaré expansion of the solution in a small parameter and the generation of higher harmonics allow to evaluate the coefficient of this nonlinear coupling in the slab through heat wave propagation measurement. For the used numerical values, the results show that some characteristics of the problem, e.g. the temperature, heat flux and one stress component suffer jumps at the interface, while the other stress components are continuous there. The jump in the heat flux is noticeable only in the first order of nonlinearity. The existence of jumps at the interface may be of interest for measurements. Comparison with the case of the half-space showed that the presence of the slab contributes to faster damping of the solution with depth in the half-space.
White Laue and powder diffraction studies to reveal mechanisms of HCP-to-BCC phase transformation in single crystals of Mg under high pressure
Authors: Vasilev Evgenii , Popov Dmitry , Somayazulu Maddury , Velisavljevic Nenad , Knezevic Marko 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMechanisms of hexagonal close-packed (HCP) to body-centered cubic (BCC) phase transformation in Mg single crystals are observed using a combination of polychromatic beam Laue diffraction and monochromatic beam powder diffraction techniques under quasi-hydrostatic pressures of up to 58 ± 2 GPa at ambient temperature. Although experiments were performed with both He and Ne pressure media, crystals inevitably undergo plastic deformation upon loading to 40–44 GPa. The plasticity is accommodated by dislocation glide causing local misorientations of up to 1°–2°. The selected crystals are tracked by mapping Laue diffraction spots up to the onset of the HCP to BCC transformation, which is determined to be at a pressure of 56.6 ± 2 GPa. Intensity of the Laue reflections from HCP crystals rapidly decrease but no reflections from crystalline BCC phase are observed with a further increase of pressure. Nevertheless, the powder diffraction shows the formation of 110 BCC peak at 56.6 GPa. The peak intensity increases at 59.7 GPa. Upon the full transformation, a powder-like BCC aggregate is formed revealing the destructive nature of the HCP to BCC transformation in single crystals of Mg.
The role of digital technology in surgical home hospital programs
Authors: Pathak Kavya , Marwaha Jayson S. , Tsai Thomas C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHome hospital (HH), a care delivery model of providing hospital-grade care to patients in their homes, has become increasingly common in medical settings, though surgical uptake has been limited. HH programs have been shown to be safe and effective in a variety of medical contexts, with increased usage of this care pathway during the COVID-19 pandemic. Though surgical patients have unique clinical considerations, surgical Home Hospital (SHH) programs may have important benefits for this population. Various technologies exist for the delivery of hospital care in the home, such as clinical risk prediction models and remote patient monitoring platforms. Here, we use institutional experiences at Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH) to discuss the utility of technology in enabling SHH programs and highlight current limitations. Additionally, we comment on the importance of data interoperability, access for all patients, and clinical workflow design in successfully implementing SHH programs.
Omics analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates uncovers Rv3094c, an ethionamide metabolism-associated gene
Authors: Wan Li , Hu Peilei , Zhang Lili , Wang Zhao-Xi , Fleming Joy , Ni Bo , Luo Jianjun , Guan Cha-Xiang , Bai Liqiong , Tan Yunhong , Liu Haican , Li Na , Xiao Tongyang , Bai Hua , Zhang Yong-An , Zhang Xian-En , Wan Kanglin , Bi Lijun , Ouyang Songying , Zhang Hongtai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGlobal control of the tuberculosis epidemic is threatened by increasing prevalence of drug resistant M. tuberculosis isolates. Many genome-wide studies focus on SNP-associated drug resistance mechanisms, but drug resistance in 5–30% of M. tuberculosis isolates (varying with antibiotic) appears unrelated to reported SNPs, and alternative drug resistance mechanisms involving variation in gene/protein expression are not well-studied. Here, using an omics approach, we identify 388 genes with lineage-related differential expression and 68 candidate drug resistance-associated gene pairs/clusters in 11 M. tuberculosis isolates (variable lineage/drug resistance profiles). Structural, mutagenesis, biochemical and bioinformatic studies on Rv3094c from the Rv3093c-Rv3095 gene cluster, a gene cluster selected for further investigation as it contains a putative monooxygenase/repressor pair and is associated with ethionamide resistance, provide insights on its involvement in ethionamide sulfoxidation, the initial step in its activation. Analysis of the structure of Rv3094c and its complex with ethionamide and flavin mononucleotide, to the best of our knowledge the first structures of an enzyme involved in ethionamide activation, identify key residues in the flavin mononucleotide and ethionamide binding pockets of Rv3094c, and F221, a gate between flavin mononucleotide and ethionamide allowing their interaction to complete the sulfoxidation reaction. Our work broadens understanding of both lineage- and drug resistance-associated gene/protein expression perturbations and identifies another player in mycobacterial ethionamide metabolism.
Dynamic molecular ordering in multiphasic nanoconfined ionic liquids detected with time-resolved diffusion NMR
Authors: Karagianni Marina , Gkoura Lydia , Srivastava Amit , Chatzichristos Aris , Tsolakis Nikolaos , Romanos George , Orfanidis Savvas , Panopoulos Nikolaos , Alhassan Saeed , Homouz Dirar , Hassan Jamal , Fardis Michael , Papavassiliou Georgios 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMolecular motion in nanosized channels can be highly complicated. For example, water molecules in ultranarrow hydrophobic nanopores move rapidly and coherently in a single file, whereas by increasing the pore size they organize into coaxial tubes, displaying stratified diffusion. Interestingly, an analogous complex motion is predicted in viscous charged fluids, such as room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) confined in nanoporous carbon or silica; however, experimental evidence is still pending. Here, by combining 1H NMR diffusion experiments in different relaxation windows with molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the imidazolium-based RTIL [BMIM]+[TCM]−, entrapped in the MCM-41 silica nanopores, exhibits an intricate dynamic molecular ordering; adsorbed RTIL molecules form a fluctuating charged layer near the pore walls, while in the bulk pore space they diffuse discretely in coaxial tubular shells, with molecular mean square displacement following a nearly ∼τ0.5 time dependence, characteristic of single file diffusion.
Arctic warming contributes to increase in Northeast Pacific marine heatwave days over the past decades
Authors: Song Se-Yong , Yeh Sang-Wook , Kim Hyerim , Holbrook Neil J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe frequency and duration of marine heatwaves have been increasing with ocean warming due to climate change. In particular, the Northeast Pacific has experienced intense and extensive marine heatwaves since the late 1990s – characteristically called “the Blob”. Here, an investigation of satellite-derived and reanalysis data supported by idealized coupled model experiments show that Arctic warming plays an important role in the increase in Northeast Pacific marine heatwave days during boreal summers. Strong Arctic warming has acted to change the atmospheric circulation pattern over the Northeast Pacific and reduce the low-level cloud fraction from late spring to early summer. We show that the enhancement of solar radiative heat fluxes and reduced latent heat loss over a relatively large area has favored an increase in sea surface temperatures and marine heatwave days. An idealized model experiment performed here, designed to isolate the impact of Arctic warming, supports this hypothesis. The projected changes of Arctic climate on the occurrence of marine heatwaves should be considered in climate change adaptation and mitigation plans.
Synthesis, crystal structure, DFT, and photovoltaic studies of BaCeCuS3
Authors: Shahid Omair , Yadav Sweta , Maity Debanjan , Deepa Melepurath , Niranjan Manish K. , Prakash Jai 
Published: February 2023

Single crystals and a polycrystalline sample of BaCeCuS3were synthesized and characterized. The semiconducting BaCeCuS3shows ultralow thermal conductivity (0.32 W m−1 K−1at 773 K) and is promising for thermoelectric and photovoltaic applications.
Regulation of cardiac function by cAMP nanodomains
Authors: Folkmanaite Milda , Zaccolo Manuela 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a diffusible intracellular second messenger that plays a key role in the regulation of cardiac function. In response to the release of catecholamines from sympathetic terminals, cAMP modulates heart rate and the strength of contraction and ease of relaxation of each heartbeat. At the same time, cAMP is involved in the response to a multitude of other hormones and neurotransmitters. A sophisticated network of regulatory mechanisms controls the temporal and spatial propagation of cAMP, resulting in the generation of signaling nanodomains that enable the second messenger to match each extracellular stimulus with the appropriate cellular response. Multiple proteins contribute to this spatiotemporal regulation, including the cAMP-hydrolyzing phosphodiesterases (PDEs). By breaking down cAMP to a different extent at different locations, these enzymes generate subcellular cAMP gradients. As a result, only a subset of the downstream effectors is activated and a specific response is executed. Dysregulation of cAMP compartmentalization has been observed in cardiovascular diseases, highlighting the importance of appropriate control of local cAMP signaling. Current research is unveiling the molecular organization underpinning cAMP compartmentalization, providing original insight into the physiology of cardiac myocytes and the alteration associated with disease, with the potential to uncover novel therapeutic targets. Here, we present an overview of the mechanisms that are currently understood to be involved in generating cAMP nanodomains and we highlight the questions that remain to be answered.
Revisiting the role of electron donors in lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase biochemistry
Authors: Hemsworth Glyn R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The plant cell wall is rich in carbohydrates and many fungi and bacteria have evolved to take advantage of this carbon source. These carbohydrates are largely locked away in polysaccharides and so these organisms deploy a range of enzymes that can liberate individual sugars from these challenging substrates. Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) are the enzymes that are largely responsible for bringing about this sugar release; however, 12 years ago, a family of enzymes known as lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) were also shown to be of key importance in this process. LPMOs are copper-dependent oxidative enzymes that can introduce chain breaks within polysaccharide chains. Initial work demonstrated that they could activate O2 to attack the substrate through a reaction that most likely required multiple electrons to be delivered to the enzyme. More recently, it has emerged that LPMO kinetics are significantly improved if H2O2 is supplied to the enzyme as a cosubstrate instead of O2. Only a single electron is required to activate an LPMO and H2O2 cosubstrate and the enzyme has been shown to catalyse multiple turnovers following the initial one-electron reduction of the copper, which is not possible if O2 is used. This has led to further studies of the roles of the electron donor in LPMO biochemistry, and this review aims to highlight recent findings in this area and consider how ongoing research could impact our understanding of the interplay between redox processes in nature.
Building Collaborative Capacity in Early Intervention Preservice Providers Through Interprofessional Education
Authors: Lieberman-Betz Rebecca G. , Brown Jennifer A. , Wiegand Sarah D. , Vail Cynthia O. , Fiss Alyssa L. , Carpenter Laura J. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
Interprofessional practice within early intervention is underscored by policy, research, and recommended practices. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of a brief interprofessional training on preservice speech-language pathology, early intervention/early childhood special education, physical therapy, and occupational therapy students' knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes about teaming and collaboration. Students' satisfaction with and perspectives of the training were also examined.

Method:
A one-group, pretest–posttest design was used to examine differences in 36 students' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs around interprofessional practice after the training. Descriptive approaches were used to analyze student satisfaction data and focus group data in order to evaluate student perceptions of the interprofessional training.

Results:

A paired–samples
t
test showed preservice students demonstrated increased scores in self-perceived ability, value, and comfort in working with others after the training institute. Descriptive analyses illustrated students gained a richer knowledge and appreciation for other disciplines and perceived the practice of interprofessional collaboration as a valuable learning experience.

Conclusion:
The interprofessional training procedures, evaluation of impacts, and future directions are discussed.
MCR: Multilayer cross‐fusion with reconstructor for multimodal abstractive summarisation
Authors: Yuan Jingshu , Yun Jing , Zheng Bofei , Jiao Lei , Liu Limin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMultimodal abstractive summarisation (MAS) aims to generate a textual summary from multimodal data collection, such as video‐text pairs. Despite the success of recent work, the existing methods lack a thorough analysis for consistency across multimodal data. Besides, previous work relies on the fusion method to extract multimodal semantics, neglecting the constraints for complementary semantics of each modality. To address those issues, a multilayer cross‐fusion model with the reconstructor for the MAS task is proposed. Their model could thoroughly conduct cross‐fusion for each modality via layers of cross‐modal transformer blocks, resulting in cross‐modal fusion representations with consistency across modalities. Then the reconstructor is employed to reproduce source modalities based on cross‐modal fusion representations. The reconstruction process constrains the fusion representations with the complementary semantics of each modality. Comprehensive comparison and ablation experiments on the open domain multimodal dataset How2 are proposed. The results empirically verify the effectiveness of the multilayer cross‐fusion with the reconstructor structure on the proposed model.
Separability study of statistical features of RCS sequences extracted by sliding windows
Authors: Zhu Manqin , Hu Shengbo , Ye Lv 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStatistical features are commonly used in radar target recognition tasks using radar cross section as the data source. The traditional statistical feature extraction way may not make better use of the data information, making the target classification results slightly worse. Here, a new sliding window segmentation method is proposed for extracting statistical features to improve the accuracy of the radar target classification task and investigate the separability of the statistical features extracted after sliding window segmentation. The results show that the separability of the statistical features extracted by our method is better than other traditional ways. The classification accuracy of using BP neural network, SVM and KNN classification algorithms is improved by about 10% compared with the traditional way.
A tri‐level optimization model for power systems defense considering cyber‐physical interdependence
Authors: Guo Yihao , Guo Chuangxin , Yang Jie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo seek the optimal defense strategy against malicious attacks, this paper proposes a novel defender–attacker–operator model applicable to the cyber‐physical power system. The proposed model considers the interdependence in functionality and topology of the cyber network and the power network as well as the cyber network's constraints. The defender aims to minimize the load curtailment caused by the attacker, while the latter intends to maximize the power loss. The operator in the bottom level takes corrective action to minimize the attack consequence. This tri‐level model is decomposed into a master problem and a subproblem, based on which the column‐and‐constraint generation algorithm is implemented to obtain the optimal solution. Comparative case studies based on IEEE RTS‐79 system are carried out to demonstrate the advantage of the proposed method, and to investigate the impact of the energy coupling strength, the topologically independent link and the defensive resource. The effectiveness of this model is validated by the sensitivity analysis.