bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Switching to cigarette brand variants with different filter ventilation levels: a descriptive analysis
Authors: Carroll Dana Mowls , Tessier Katelyn , Luo Xianghua , Stepanov Irina S , Shields Peter G , O'Connor Richard , Rees Vaughan W , Cummings Michael , Bickel Warren , Hatsukami Dorothy 
Published: January 2023

Background
Regulation of filter ventilation (FV) has been proposed to reduce misperceptions that ventilation reduces the health risks of smoking. We describe smoking behaviour and exposure after switching to a cigarette brand variant (CBV) with a different FV level.

Methods

Wave 1 (2013–2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco Use and Health Study was merged with FV levels of participants’ CBV and restricted to adults with a usual CBV, smoked daily and included in wave 4 (2016–2017; n=371). Generalised estimation equations method modelled changes in FV and cigarettes per day (CPD), quit interest, total nicotine equivalents (TNE) and total NNAL (biomarker of a tobacco-specific carcinogen). FV change was defined as a change in CBV resulting in a ≥20% increase or decrease in FV. Secondary analyses used FV change based on an
increase
from <5% to >10% or a
decrease
from >10% to <5%.

Results
A non-significant pattern indicating an increase of 0.97 and 0.49 CPD was observed among those who switched to a CBV and increased FV by ≥20% and from <5% to >10%, respectively. A non-significant pattern indicating a decrease of 1.31 and 1.97 CPD was observed among those who decreased FV by ≥20% and from >10% to <5%, respectively. Changes in quit interest and biomarkers were also non-significant with one exception: greater reduction in TNE among those who decreased from >10% to <5% FV versus no change (−8.51 vs −0.25 nmol/mg creatinine; p=0.0447).

Conclusions
Switching to CBV with lower FV does not appear to increase exposure and may even reduce exposure for some. Additional investigations are recommended to confirm these descriptive findings.
Muon and electron $$(g-2)$$ anomalies with non-holomorphic interactions in MSSM
Authors: Ali Md. Isha , Chakraborti Manimala , Chattopadhyay Utpal , Mukherjee Samadrita 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe recent Fermilab muon $$g-2$$

g
-
2

result and the same for electron due to fine-structure constant measurement through $${}^{133}\textrm{Cs}$$

133

Cs

matter-wave interferometry are probed in relation to MSSM with non-holomorphic (NH) trilinear soft SUSY breaking terms, referred to as NHSSM. Supersymmetric contributions to charged lepton $$(g-2)_l$$

(
g
-
2
)

l

can be enhanced via the new trilinear terms involving a wrong Higgs coupling with left and right-handed scalars. Bino-slepton loop is used to enhance the SUSY contribution to $$g-2$$

g
-
2

where wino mass stays at 1.5 TeV and the left and right slepton mass parameters for the first two generations are considered to be the same. Unlike many MSSM-based analyses completed before, the model does not require a light electroweakino, or light sleptons, or unequal left and right slepton masses, or a very large higgsino mass parameter. In absence of popular UV complete models, we treat the NH terms at par with MSSM soft terms, in a model independent framework of Minimal Effective Supersymmetry. The first part of the analysis involves the study of $$(g-2)_\mu $$

(
g
-
2
)

μ

constraint along with the limits from Higgs mass, B-physics, collider data, direct detection of dark matter (DM), while focusing on a higgsino DM which is underabundant in nature. We then impose the constraint from electron $$g-2$$

g
-
2

where a large Yukawa threshold correction (an outcome of NHSSM) and opposite signs of trilinear NH coefficients associated with $$\mu $$
μ
and e fields are used to satisfy the dual limits of $$\Delta {a_\mu }$$

Δ

a
μ

and $$\Delta {a_e}$$

Δ

a
e

(where the latter comes with negative sign). Varying Yukawa threshold corrections further provide the necessary flavor-dependent enhancement of $$\Delta {a_e}/m_e^2$$

Δ

a
e

/

m
e
2

compared to that of $$\Delta {a_\mu }/m_\mu ^2$$

Δ

a
μ

/

m
μ
2

. A larger Yukawa threshold correction through $$A^\prime _e$$

A
e
′

for $$y_e$$

y
e

also takes away the direct proportionality of $$a_e$$

a
e

with respect to $$\tan \beta $$

tan
β

. With a finite intercept, $$a_e$$

a
e

becomes only an increasing function of $$\tan \beta $$

tan
β

. We identified the available parameter space in the two cases while also satisfying the ATLAS data from slepton pair production searches in the plane of slepton mass parameter and the mass of the lightest neutralino.
Prognostic Implication of Mitral Valve Disease and Its Progression in East Asian Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kim Dae‐Young , Seo Jiwon , Cho Iksung , Hong Geu‐Ru , Ha Jong‐Won , Shim Chi Young 
Published: January 2023

Background
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disorder affecting not only the myocardium but also the mitral valve (MV) and its apparatus. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic implication of MV disease and its progression in East Asian patients with HCM.

Methods and Results

We assessed MV structure and function on the indexed echocardiogram of 1185 patients with HCM (mean±SD age, 60±14 years; men, 67%) in a longitudinal HCM registry, and 667 patients who performed follow‐up echocardiogram after 3 to 5 years were also analyzed. Progression of mitral regurgitation (MR) was defined as the increase of at least 1 grade. Clinical outcomes were defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, heart failure hospitalization, MV surgery or septal myectomy, and heart transplantation. Most of the entire cohort was nonobstructive type (n=1081 [91.2%]). A total of 278 patients (23.5%) showed at least mild MR on indexed echocardiogram. MR, systolic anterior motion, and mitral annular calcification were more prevalent in patients with obstructive HCM. During 7.0±4.0 years of follow‐up, presence of MR was independently associated with poor clinical outcomes (hazard ratio [HR], 1.60 [95% CI, 1.07–2.40];
P
=0.023). On follow‐up echocardiogram, 67 (10.0%) patients showed MR progression, and it was independently associated with poor prognosis (HR, 2.46 [95% CI, 1.29–4.71];
P
=0.007).

Conclusions
In East Asian patients with HCM whose major type is nonobstructive, MV disease is common. MR, systolic anterior motion, and mitral annular calcification are more prevalent in patients with obstructive HCM. The presence and progression of MR are associated with a poor prognosis in patients with HCM.
Lectin‐Like Oxidized Low‐Density Lipoprotein Receptor 1 Inhibition in Type 2 Diabetes: Phase 1 Results
Authors: Vavere Andrea L. , Sinsakul Marvin , Ongstad Emily L. , Yang Ye , Varma Vijayalakshmi , Jones Christopher , Goodman Joanne , Dubois Vincent F. S. , Quartino Angelica L. , Karathanasis Sotirios K. , Abuhatzira Liron , Collén Anna , Antoniades Charalambos , Koren Michael J. , Gupta Ruchi , George Richard T. 
Published: January 2023

Background
Blockade of the lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐1 (LOX‐1) is a potentially attractive mechanism for lowering inflammatory and lipid risk in patients with atherosclerosis. This study aims to assess the safety, tolerability, and target engagement of MEDI6570, a high‐affinity monoclonal blocking antibody to LOX‐1.

Methods and Results

This phase 1, first‐in‐human, placebo‐controlled study (NCT03654313) randomized 88 patients with type 2 diabetes to receive single ascending doses (10, 30, 90, 250, or 500 mg) or multiple ascending doses (90, 150, or 250 mg once monthly for 3 months) of MEDI6570 or placebo. Primary end point was safety; secondary and exploratory end points included pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, free soluble LOX‐1 levels, and change in coronary plaque volume. Mean age was 57.6/58.1 years in the single ascending doses/multiple ascending doses groups, 31.3%/62.5% were female, and mean type 2 diabetes duration was 9.7/8.7 years. Incidence of adverse events was similar among cohorts. MEDI6570 exhibited nonlinear pharmacokinetics, with terminal half‐life increasing from 4.6 days (30 mg) to 11.2 days (500 mg), consistent with target‐mediated drug disposition. Dose‐dependent reductions in mean soluble LOX‐1 levels from baseline were observed (>66% at 4 weeks and 71.61–82.96% at 10 weeks in the single ascending doses and multiple ascending doses groups, respectively). After 3 doses, MEDI6570 was associated with nonsignificant regression of noncalcified plaque volume versus placebo (−13.45 mm
3
versus −8.25 mm
3
).

Conclusions
MEDI6570 was well tolerated and demonstrated dose‐dependent soluble LOX‐1 suppression and a pharmacokinetic profile consistent with once‐monthly dosing.

Registration

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/
; Unique identifier: NCT03654313.
Association of Depression and Poor Mental Health With Cardiovascular Disease and Suboptimal Cardiovascular Health Among Young Adults in the United States
Authors: Kwapong Yaa A. , Boakye Ellen , Khan Sadiya S. , Honigberg Michael C. , Martin Seth S. , Oyeka Chigolum P. , Hays Allison G. , Natarajan Pradeep , Mamas Mamas A. , Blumenthal Roger S. , Blaha Michael J. , Sharma Garima 
Published: January 2023

Background
Depression is a nontraditional risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Data on the association of depression and poor mental health with CVD and suboptimal cardiovascular health (CVH) among young adults are limited.

Methods and Results
We used data from 593 616 young adults (aged 18–49 years) from the 2017 to 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a nationally representative survey of noninstitutionalized US adults. Exposures were self‐reported depression and poor mental health days (PMHDs; categorized as 0, 1–13, and 14–30 days of poor mental health in the past 30 days). Outcomes were self‐reported CVD (composite of myocardial infarction, angina, or stroke) and suboptimal CVH (≥2 cardiovascular risk factors: hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, overweight/obesity, smoking, diabetes, physical inactivity, and inadequate fruit and vegetable intake). Using logistic regression, we investigated the association of depression and PMHDs with CVD and suboptimal CVH, adjusting for sociodemographic factors (and cardiovascular risk factors for the CVD outcome). Of the 593 616 participants (mean age, 34.7±9.0 years), the weighted prevalence of depression was 19.6% (95% CI, 19.4–19.8), and the weighted prevalence of CVD was 2.5% (95% CI, 2.4–2.6). People with depression had higher odds of CVD than those without depression (odds ratio [OR], 2.32 [95% CI, 2.13–2.51]). There was a graded association of PMHDs with CVD. Compared with individuals with 0 PMHDs, the odds of CVD in those with 1 to 13 PMHDs and 14 to 30 PHMDs were 1.48 (95% CI, 1.34–1.62) and 2.29 (95% CI, 2.08–2.51), respectively, after adjusting for sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors. The associations did not differ significantly by sex or urban/rural status. Individuals with depression had higher odds of suboptimal CVH (OR, 1.79 [95% CI, 1.65–1.95]) compared with those without depression, with a similar graded relationship between PMHDs and suboptimal CVH.

Conclusions
Depression and poor mental health are associated with premature CVD and suboptimal CVH among young adults. Although this association is likely bidirectional, prioritizing mental health may help reduce CVD risk and improve CVH in young adults.
Distal Embolization in Relation to Radiological Thrombus Characteristics, Treatment Details, and Functional Outcome
Authors: Bala Fouzi , Kappelhof Manon , Ospel Johanna M. , Cimflova Petra , Qiu Wu , Singh Nishita , Zhu Kairan , Kim Beom Joon , Wadhwa Ankur , Almekhlafi Mohammed A. , Menon Bijoy K. , Arrarte Terreros Nerea , Marquering Henk , Majoie Charles , Hill Michael D. , Goyal Mayank ,   for the ESCAPE-NA1 Investigators
Published: January 2023

Background:
Distal embolization (DE) is a common complication of endovascular treatment (EVT). We investigated the association of radiological thrombus characteristics and treatment details with DE.

Methods:
Patients with thin-slice (≤2.5 mm) baseline noncontrast computed tomography and computed tomography angiography from the ESCAPE-NA1 trial (Efficacy and Safety of Nerinetide for the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke) were included. Thrombus annotation was performed manually on coregistered scans by experienced readers. We assessed thrombus location, distance from internal carotid artery terminus, length, perviousness, absolute attenuation, and hyperdense artery sign. In addition, we evaluated balloon guide catheter use during EVT, first-line EVT approach, the number of thrombectomy passes, and prior intravenous thrombolysis administration. DE was defined as the occurrence of emboli distal to the target artery or in new territories during EVT. The association between thrombus characteristics, treatment details, and DE was evaluated using descriptive statistics and multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression, resulting in adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% CI. Interaction between IVT and radiological thrombus characteristics was assessed by adding interaction terms in separate models.

Results:

In total, 496 out of 1105 (44.9%) ESCAPE-NA1 patients were included. DE was detected in 251 out of 496 patients (50.6%). Patients with DE had longer thrombi (median, 28.5 [interquartile range, 20.8–42.3] mm versus 24.4 [interquartile range, 17.1–32.4] mm;
P
<0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in the other thrombus characteristics. Factors associated with DE were thrombus length (aOR, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.01–1.04]), balloon guide catheter use (aOR, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.29–0.85]), and number of passes (aOR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.04–1.47]). In patients with hyperdense artery sign, IVT was associated with reduced odds of DE (aOR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.31–0.97]),
P
for interaction=0.04.

Conclusions:
DE was associated with longer thrombi, no balloon guide catheter use, and more EVT passes. IVT was associated with a reduced risk of DE in patients with hyperdense artery sign. These findings may support treatment decisions on IVT and EVT approaches.
A Measure of Neural Function Provides Unique Insights into Behavioral Deficits in Acute Stroke
Authors: Vanderschelden Benjamin , Erani Fareshte , Wu Jennifer , de Havenon Adam , Srinivasan Ramesh , Cramer Steven C. 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Clinical and neuroimaging measures incompletely explain behavioral deficits in the acute stroke setting. We hypothesized that electroencephalography (EEG)-based measures of neural function would significantly improve prediction of acute stroke deficits.

Methods:
Patients with acute stroke (n=50) seen in the emergency department of a university hospital from 2017 to 2018 underwent standard evaluation followed by a 3-minute recording of EEG at rest using a wireless, 17-electrode, dry-lead system. Artifacts in EEG recordings were removed offline and then spectral power was calculated for each lead pair. A primary EEG metric was DTABR, which is calculated as a ratio of spectral power: [(Delta*Theta)/(Alpha*Beta)]. Bivariate analyses and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression identified clinical and neuroimaging measures that best predicted initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. Multivariable linear regression was then performed before versus after adding EEG findings to these measures, using initial NIHSS score as the dependent measure.

Results:

Age, diabetes status, and infarct volume were the best predictors of initial NIHSS score in bivariate analyses, confirmed using LASSO regression. Combined in a multivariate model, these 3 explained initial NIHSS score (adjusted r
2
=0.47). Adding any of several different EEG measures to this clinical model significantly improved prediction; the greatest amount of additional variance was explained by adding contralesional DTABR (adjusted r
2
=0.60,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
EEG measures of neural function significantly add to clinical and neuroimaging for explaining initial NIHSS score in the acute stroke emergency department setting. A dry-lead EEG system can be rapidly and easily implemented. EEG contains information that may be useful early after stroke.
Three-Dimensional Structure of Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves in Aquaplanet Experiments with Resolved or Parameterized Convection
Authors: Rios-Berrios Rosimar , Judt Falko , Bryan George , Medeiros Brian , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Accurate simulations of convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs) are key to properly forecasting rainfall and weather patterns within (and outside) the tropics. Many studies have shown that global numerical weather prediction (NWP) models usually do not accurately simulate CCEWs; however, it is unclear if this problem can be alleviated with a better representation of deep convection in the models. To this end, this study investigates the representation of multiple types of CCEWs in the Model for Prediction Across Scales-Atmosphere (MPAS-A). The simulated structure of CCEWs is analyzed from three MPAS-A aquaplanet experiments with horizontal cell spacing of 30, 15, and 3 km, respectively. Using a wave-phase composite technique, the simulated structure is compared against observed CCEWs as represented by satellite and reanalysis data. All aquaplanet experiments capture the overall structure of gravity wave–type equatorial waves (e.g., Kelvin waves and inertio-gravity waves). Those waves are more realistic in the 3-km experiment, particularly in terms of the vertical structure of temperature, water vapor, and wind anomalies associated with the waves. The main reason for this improvement is a more realistic diabatic heating profile; the experiment with resolved convection produces stronger heating (or weaker cooling) below the melting level during the convectively active phase of Kelvin and inertio-gravity waves. Intriguingly, the rainfall and lower-tropospheric structure associated with easterly waves show pronounced discrepancies between the aquaplanet experiments and reanalysis. Resolved deep convection primarily affects the intensity and propagation speeds of these waves.
“Eddy” Saturation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current by Standing Waves
Authors: Stewart Andrew L. , Neumann Nicole K. , Solodoch Aviv 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
It is now well established that changes in the zonal wind stress over the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) do not lead to changes in its baroclinicity nor baroclinic transport, a phenomenon referred to as “eddy saturation.” Previous studies provide contrasting dynamical mechanisms for this phenomenon: on one extreme, changes in the winds lead to changes in the efficiency with which transient eddies transfer momentum to the sea floor; on the other extreme, structural adjustments of the ACC’s standing meanders increase the efficiency of momentum transfer. In this study the authors investigate the relative importance of these mechanisms using an idealized, isopycnal channel model of the ACC. Via separate diagnoses of the model’s time-mean flow and eddy diffusivity, the authors decompose the model’s response to changes in wind stress into contributions from transient eddies and the mean flow. A key result is that holding the transient eddy diffusivity constant while varying the mean flow very closely compensates for changes in the wind stress, whereas holding the mean flow constant and varying the eddy diffusivity does not. This implies that eddy saturation primarily occurs due to adjustments in the ACC’s standing waves/meanders, rather than due to adjustments of transient eddy behavior. The authors derive a quasigeostrophic theory for ACC transport saturation by standing waves, in which the transient eddy diffusivity is held fixed, and thus provides dynamical insights into standing wave adjustment to wind changes. These findings imply that representing eddy saturation in global models requires adequate resolution of the ACC’s standing meanders, with wind-responsive parameterizations of the transient eddies being of secondary importance.
Diagnostic accuracy of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0) in an urban Indigenous Australian sample
Authors: Basit Tabinda , Anderson Mathew , Lindstrom Akiaja , Santomauro Damian F , Whiteford Harvey A , Ferrari Alize J 
Published: January 2023

Objective: The Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 is a standardised diagnostic interview commonly used in population-based mental health surveys, but has not been used in community-residing Indigenous Australians. This paper seeks to determine whether the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 can produce valid diagnostic information when compared with a diagnostic interview in an urban Indigenous Australian sample. Method: This research was conducted over 10 weeks with adult Indigenous clients of two participating Aboriginal Medical Services in South-East Queensland. Using a cross-sectional, repeated-measures design, participants were administered the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 by an Indigenous interviewer and within 2 weeks attended a second appointment with an Indigenous clinical psychologist, who produced a diagnostic summary. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 diagnoses were compared with the diagnostic summaries and clinical concordance between the two measures was calculated. Results: The diagnostic accuracy of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 differed by module. The Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Major Depression modules had good utility in diagnosing post-traumatic stress disorder and major depressive episodes, respectively; however, the Mania module that provides diagnoses of bipolar disorder was found to be unsuitable for this population. Although there were no identified contraindications for the use of the Generalised Anxiety and Alcohol Use Disorder modules, further research on the diagnostic accuracy of these modules is warranted. Conclusions: The Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 can accurately diagnose some common mental disorders in an Indigenous Australian population, but was found to be unsuitable for others. Given these findings, care should be taken when using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 in epidemiological prevalence studies with Indigenous Australian populations.