bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors In Odontogenic Infections
Authors: Qing Celestine Teo Yu , Nagadia Rahul Harshad , Lon Aland Shum Koin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
On top of improving glycemic control, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors have been shown to reduce cardiovascular mortality & heart failure hospitalization. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors have also been gaining momentum as effective reno-protective agents. Recent evidences have shown that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors are transforming the management of heart failure and chronic kidney disease in patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus. In view of the cardioprotective and reno-protective outcomes, as well as the potential benefits that outweigh adverse effects, it is no doubt that there will be continued increased use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors However, with use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors comes risk of adverse effects, in particular diabetic ketoacidosis. Although uncommon, diabetic ketoacidosis is a potentially life-threatening acute metabolic complication. Diabetic ketoacidosis developing during sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors use can present with normal blood glucose concentrations (euglycemia). This atypical presentation can delay diagnosis and hence, treatment. It is therefore crucial for dental practitioners to be cognizant of the increased risk of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors use, especially during periods of reduced oral intake, such as in patients with odontogenic infection. Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis is a diagnosis of exclusion and should be considered as a differential in an ill patient on sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, despite normal blood glucose or absent urine ketones. We report a case of starvation ketosis in a patient with well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus, after excisional biopsy of right cervical lymph node and extractions of two lower right molars. Although the patient did not develop euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis peri-operatively, it was an important diagnosis to exclude considering his high-risk profile of developing euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis and the potential sequelae of missing the diagnosis.
Exposure to air pollution concentrations of various intensities in early life and allergic sensitisation later in childhood
Authors: Ziou Myriam , Gao Caroline X. , Wheeler Amanda J. , Zosky Graeme R. , Stephens Nicola , Knibbs Luke D. , Williamson Grant J. , Dalton Marita F. , Dharmage Shyamali C. , Johnston Fay H. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Evidence on the relationship between air pollution and allergic sensitisation in childhood is inconsistent, and this relationship has not been investigated in the context of smoke events that are predicted to increase with climate change. Thus, we aimed to evaluate associations between exposure in two early life periods to severe levels of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5µm (PM2.5) from a mine fire, background PM2.5, and allergic sensitisation later in childhood.
METHODS
We measured specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels for seven common aeroallergens as well as total IgE levels in a cohort of children who had been exposed to the Hazelwood coal mine fire, either in utero or during their first two years of life, in a regional area of Australia where ambient levels of PM2.5 are generally low. We estimated personal exposure to fire-specific emissions of PM2.5 based on a high-resolution meteorological and pollutant dispersion model and detailed reported movements of pregnant mothers and young children during the fire. We also estimated the usual background exposure to PM2.5 at the residential address at birth using a national satellite-based land-use regression model. Associations between both sources of PM2.5 and sensitisation to dust, cat, fungi, and grass seven years after the fire were estimated with logistic regression, while associations with total IgE levels were estimated with linear regression.
RESULTS
No association was found between the levels of exposure at either developmental stage to fire-related PM2.5 and allergic sensitisation seven years after the event. However, levels of background exposure were positively associated with sensitisation to dust (OR = 1.89, 95%CI = 1.11,3.20 per 1 µg/m3).
CONCLUSIONS
Chronic but low exposure to PM2.5 in early life could be more strongly associated with allergic sensitisation in childhood than time-limited high exposure levels, such as the ones experienced during landscape fires.
Assessment of radionuclides concentration and associated risks in soils from Iperindo mining sites, Nigeria
Authors: Amodu Funke Roseline , Ben Festus , Oyebanjo Oluwakemi Abosede , Agbele Alaba , Ben-Festus Blessing Nneka 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The environmental and health implications of artisanal gold mining activities in mining sites across Nigeria have rekindled research interests. This study aims to assess the scalability of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in gold mining sites in Iperindo, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from three different mining sites and control locations, and analyzed for natural radionuclides, mainly 238U, 232Th, and 40K using gamma spectrometry having Sodium Iodide detector. The average activity concentration values of 61.55 ± 3.71, 72.65 ± 4.45, 1134.99 ± 38.12 Bqkg− 1 obtained from within the mining sites for 238U, 232Th, and 40K, respectively were above the world permissible values of 33.0 Bqkg− 1 for 238U, 45.0 Bqkg− 1 for 232Th, and 420.0 Bqkg− 1 for 40K. The average activity concentration value of 15.26 ± 3.19, 21.46 ± 4.27, 381.04 ± 23.36 Bqkg− 1 estimated for 238U, 232Th, and 40K, respectively, for the control location were, however, lower than the global permissible values. The study also evaluated other radiological parameters, such as radium equivalent, dose rate, annual effective dose rate, internal and external hazard indices, alpha and gamma indices, etc. The obtained values were 252.83 Bqkg− 1, 119.98 nGyh− 1, 147.15 mSvy− 1, 0.85 Bqkg− 1, 0.68 Bqkg− 1, 0.31 Bqkg− 1, and 1.89 Bqkg− 1 respectively. With the exception of radium equivalent, external and internal hazard risks, and alpha index, which were significantly lower than the recommended threshold, all the other radiological parameters were higher than recommended global limits.
Mental Mental health and risk of mortality and hospitalization in COVID-19 patients. Results from the PRECOVID Study in Spain
Authors: Moreno-Juste Aida , Poblador-Plou Beatriz , Ortega-Larrodé Cristina , Laguna-Berna Clara , González-Rubio Francisca , Aza-Pascual-Salcedo Mercedes , Bliek-Bueno Kevin , Padilla María , de-la-Cámara Concepción , Prados-Torres Alexandra , Gimeno-Feliu Luis A , Miguel Antonio Gimeno 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented challenges for health care systems globally. The identification of risk factors is crucial when optimizing medical resources for specific vulnerable population groups such as patients with mental disorders, who are specially at risk of poor COVID-19 outcomes. In this retrospective cohort study including 144,957 individuals with confirmed COVID-19 from the PRECOVID Study (Aragon, Spain), anxiety was the most frequent diagnosis. However, some differences were observed by sex: substance abuse, personality disorders and schizophrenia were more frequently diagnosed in men, while eating disorders, depression and mood, anxiety and cognitive disorders were more common among women. The presence of mental illness, specifically schizophrenia spectrum and cognitive disorders in men, and depression and mood disorders, substance abuse, anxiety and cognitive and personality disorders in women, increased the risk of mortality or hospitalization after COVID-19, in addition to other well-known risk factors such as age, morbidity and treatment burden. Identifying vulnerable patient profiles at risk of serious outcomes after COVID-19 based on their mental health status will be crucial to improve their access to the healthcare system and implement targeted public health prevention measures.
A critical evaluation of international agreements towards a revised categorization for Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs)
Authors: Retief Francois Pieter , Alberts Reece Cronje , Lubbe Willem , Roos Claudine , Cilliers Dirk 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs) are widely promoted as an international instrument to achieve certain conservation, cooperation and developmental goals, especially within the Southern African Development Community (SADC). In the SADC context, the status of TFCAs is categorized based on the extent to which international agreements have been signed. These agreements take different forms such as treaties, memorandums of understanding (MoUs), protocols and bilateral agreements. However, the efficacy of agreement-based approaches towards the categorization of TFCAs has been questioned because it does not acknowledge the implementation complexities of TFCAs and lacks a sound conceptual basis. This research evaluates the international TFCA agreements in SADC with a view to recommending a revised categorization. This is achieved by applying Theory of Change (ToC) to a sample of ten signed TFCAs agreements. The results show a lack of enforcement mechanisms, weak provision for implementation and poorly defined objectives. These weaknesses of agreement-based approaches can best be addressed by expanding the categorization of TFCAs to also include recognition of national-level legislative provisions, as well as the extent to which implementation mechanisms have been developed. Therefore, based on the evaluation outcomes this paper proposes a revised conceptual framework for TFCA categorization.
Compact localised states in magnonic Lieb lattices
Authors: Kłos Jarosław W. , Centała Grzegorz 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Lieb lattice is one of the simplest bipartite lattices, where compact localized states (CLS) are observed. This type of localization is induced by the peculiar topology of the unit cell, where the modes are localized only on selected sublattices due to the destructive interference of partial waves. We demonstrate the possibility of magnonic Lieb lattice realization, where flat bands and CLS can be observed in the planar structure of sub-micron in-plane sizes. Using forward volume configuration, the Ga-doped YIG layer with cylindrical inclusions (without Ga content) arranged in a Lieb lattice with 250 nm period was investigated numerically (finite-element method). The structure was tailored to observe, for a lowest magnonic bands, the oscillatory and evanescent spin waves in inclusions and matrix, respectively. Such a design reproduces the Lieb lattice of nodes (inclusions) coupled to each other by the matrix with the CLS in flat bands.
Given to Dentistry Students the Effect of Geriatric Oral Dental Health Training on the Attitudes of the Elderly
Authors: Hastaoğlu Fatma 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective
It was aimed to evaluate the effect of oral-dental health education on the attitudes of dentistry students toward the elderly.
Material and Method:
The universe of the study, which was planned as interventional, consists of 4th and 5th-grade students of ****University Faculty of Dentistry. The Kogan Aged Attitude scale was applied before and after the training given by 15 faculty members who have expertise in different subjects, with a three-day, 20-hour course program. This study, which was carried out as a pre-test and post-test, was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council and 30 students participated in the study due to the limited educational activity support quota. The data were evaluated using in computer and statistical analyzes were made.
Results
Thirty students voluntarily participated in the study, 40% of the students were male, 60% were female, and the mean age was 22.93 ± 1.63. While 40% of the students participating in the study are 4th-grade students, 60% are 5th-grade students. While the mean score of the scale before the education was 194.6 ± 39.06, it was determined as 211.63 ± 42.31 after the education. The difference between the mean score of the scale before the education and after the education is statistically significant.
Conclusion
The significant difference between the education organized with the support of the Scientific and Technological Research Council and the students before and after education shows that education has a significant effect on the elderly attitude of students.
The Clinical Impact of the Film Array (Biofire) Respiratory Panel Utilization on the Outcomes of Pediatric Patients with Acute Viral Respiratory Infections in Two Private Tertiary Hospitals in Cebu
Authors: Julasiri Shajed A. , Lim Jonathan G. , Kimseng Karen Joy N. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) are the most prevalent illness in people of all ages, and they are a leading cause of hospitalization and death. Molecular testing methods have significantly expanded the ability to diagnose respiratory infections. Rapid viral testing aims to prompt the diagnosis of viral infections that could lead to faster hospital discharge, lower healthcare resource use and clinicians are guided on the judicious use of antibiotics, as well as greater isolation precautions. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical impact of the Film Array (Biofire) Respiratory Panel utilization on the outcomes of pediatric patients with acute viral respiratory infection
METHODOLOGY: This is a cross-sectional analytic study, conducted in two private tertiary hospitals. Study population includes admitted patients aged 1-18 years old with acute respiratory infection and then divided into two groups: exposure group (with Biofire taken) and non-exposure group (without Biofire taken). Retrospective chart review was done on the admitted patients and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
RESULTS: A total of 220 samples were included. Majority of patients in both groups were female, aged 1-5 years old, lived in an urban locality and with no influenza vaccination. The most single common virus detected was hRV/hEV(n=29%), while the most common codetection virus is hRV/hEV with influenza B (n=23.5%). For those who underwent the test, patients were frequently admitted in the year 2021 (n=90%) and month of July (n=28.2%). Utilization of the respiratory panel was associated with significant changes in medical management including decreased antibiotic usage (P=0.001) and shorter length of hospital stay (P=0.029),compared to those patients who didn’t undergo the test.
CONCLUSION: The Film Array (Biofire) respiratory panel is useful in assisting clinical judgement regarding the usage of antibiotic as well as the length of hospitalization among children affected by acute respiratory infections.
Assessment of the international maritime regulations’ impact in the North &amp; Baltic Sea
Authors: Roozendael Benjamin Van , Vigin Laurence , Nieuwenhove Annelore Van , Scheldeman Kobe , Merveille Jean-Baptiste , Weigelt Andreas , Mellqvist Johan , Vliet Jasper Van , Dinther Daniëlle van , Beecken Jörg , Tack Frederik , Theys Nicolas , Maes Frank , Roy Ward Van 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
For over 15 years, international regulations have been established to address SO2 and NOx emissions from shipping. In Europe, the tightest restrictions on SO2 and NOx came into effect only recently. For regions outside designated emission control areas, stricter SO2 limits were introduced in 2020. Although research indicated that these regulations would provide significant health and environmental benefits, there remained a gap in understanding their effectiveness in reducing real-world ship emissions following implementation. This study addresses this gap through an analysis of more than 110,000 measured ship plumes, ship inspection results and satellite data. The study revealed that sulfur compliance rates are higher near ports than in open waters. Moreover, the study revealed the regulations had no effect on NOx emission regulations, on the contrary the study reveals NOx pollution has risen in the past three years. These findings highlight the need for more effective regulations to address ship emissions.
The new polyol architecture from olive oil and its application in the soft transparent polyurethane coating
Authors: Salarvand Ehsan , Omrani Ismail , Nabid Mohammad Reza , Salehi Milad 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A renewable, green and scalable polyacrylic polyol (PAMO) was synthesized from olive oil (OO) and applied as a polyol in the preparation of transparent polyurethane coating. To prepare PAMO, the olive oil was first methanolized using methanol and methyl oleate (MO) was obtained. Then MO epoxidized by formic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The epoxidized methyl oleate (EMO) was ring-opened using acrylic acid (AA) with excellent yield. The PAMO was prepared by solution free radical polymerization. The chemical structures of synthesized monomer and polymer were verified by FT-IR, 1HNMR, and gel permination chromatography (GPC). The different thermoset aliphatic transparent polyurethane coating was obtained using the reaction between synthesized polyol and Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), Desmodur N3390 and Desmodur Z4470. The best results were obtained with Desmodur Z4470 as curing agent. The new polyol architecture has appeared as a new class of polyacrylic polyol and transparent polyurethane coating.
Solid-liquid phase transitions in Griebenschmalz, smalec, and fedt studied using 13C solid-state NMR with dynamics-based spectral filtering
Authors: Bernin Diana , Leventaki Emmanouela , Topgaard Daniel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The consumer satisfaction of lard-based bread spreads depends on a delicate balance between a liquid fat phase, allowing the spread to flow, and solid fat crystals, providing the product with substance sometimes further enhanced by crispy pork cracklings. Here we apply 13C solid-state NMR with dynamics-based spectral filtering to characterize and follow the temperature-dependence of the co-existing solid and liquid phases in commercial German Griebenschmalz and Polish smalec, both containing cracklings, as well as home-made Danish fedt and, as a chemically purer reference, German Schweineschmalz intended for baking. The NMR method allows detection of carbon atoms representative of saturated, unsaturated, and polyunsaturated acyl chains in both solid and liquid states. The results show that the solid comprises multiple crystal forms with different melting temperatures, while the liquid is at low temperature enriched in fats with shorter acyl chains and higher degree of unsaturation which become diluted with long-chain saturated fats as the solids are melting. The obtained deeper understanding of the concomitant aspects of the phase transitions may pave the way for future efforts of rational optimization of fat blend composition to extend the temperature range over which the product contains sufficient amounts of both solids and liquids to give texture properties appealing to consumers.
Independent and joint association of sarcopenia and frailty with mortality in older patients with gastrointestinal cancer: A cohort study with prospective data collection
Authors: Sousa Iasmin Matias , Silva Flávia Moraes , Virgens Isabel Pinto Amorim das , Costa Eduardo Caldas , Fayh Ana Paula Trussardi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Sarcopenia and frailty are associated with mortality in older patients with gastrointestinal cancer. However, it is unclear if there is an additional risk when both are present. This study aimed to investigate the independent and overlapping of sarcopenia and frailty with mortality in this population.
Methods
A prospective cohort study including older patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Sarcopenia was defined by the EWGSP2 criteria: i) low muscle strength (handgrip test); ii) low muscle mass (skeletal muscle index) and/or low muscle quality (skeletal muscle radiodensity) by computed tomography. Frailty was defined according to Fried phenotype (at least three of the five components): i) low muscle strength (handgrip test); ii) unintentional weight loss; iii) self-reported exhaustion; iv) low physical activity; v) low gait speed. Cox proportional-hazards model were used to assess overall survival rates and risk of mortality.
Results
We evaluated 179 patients with gastrointestinal cancer [68.0 (61.0–75.0) years; 45% women]. The prevalence of sarcopenia, frailty, and sarcopenia-frailty was 32.9% (n = 59), 59.2% (n = 106), and 24.6% (n = 44), respectively. The incidence of mortality was 27.9% (n = 50) over a 23-month (IQR:10, 28) period. There was an association of sarcopenia (HR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.03–3.06) with mortality, but no association was found of frailty and the outcome. Sarcopenia-frailty was associated with the highest risk of mortality (HR = 2.23, 95% CI 1.27–3.92).
Conclusion
Sarcopenic-frail older patients with gastrointestinal cancer have a higher risk of mortality than those with sarcopenia or frailty alone, which reinforces the importance of assessing both conditions in oncology clinical care.
In-vivo myelin water quantification using diffusion-relaxation correlation MRI: a comparison of 1D and 2D methods
Authors: Endt Sebastian , Engel Maria , Naldi Emanuele , Assereto Rodolfo , Molendowska Malwina , Müller Lars , Verdun Claudio Mayrink , Pirkl Carolin M. , Palombo Marco , Jones Derek K. , Menzel Marion I. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Multidimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a versatile tool for microstructure mapping. We use a diffusion weighted inversion-recovery spin echo (DW-IR-SE) sequence with spiral readouts at ultra-strong gradients to acquire a rich diffusion-relaxation data set with sensitivity to myelin water. We reconstruct 1D and 2D spectra with a two-step convex optimization approach and investigate a variety of multidimensional MRI methods, including 1D multi-component relaxometry, 1D multi-component diffusometry, 2D relaxation correlation imaging, and 2D diffusion-relaxation correlation spectroscopic imaging (DR-CSI), in terms of their potential to quantify tissue microstructure, including the myelin water fraction (MWF). We observe a distinct spectral peak that we attribute to myelin water in multi-component T1 relaxometry, T1-T2 correlation, T1-D correlation, and T2-D correlation imaging. Due to lower achievable echo times compared to diffusometry, MWF maps from relaxometry have higher quality. While 1D multi-component T1 data allows much faster myelin mapping, 2D approaches could offer unique insights into tissue microstructure and especially myelin diffusion.