bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STEM analysis of deformation and B distribution In nanosecond laser ultra-doped Si1−xBx
Authors: Hallais Géraldine , Patriarche Gilles , Desvignes Léonard , Débarre Dominique , Chiodi Francesca 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe report on the structural properties of highly B-doped silicon (up to 10 at.% of active doping) realised by nanosecond laser doping. The crystalline quality, lattice deformation and B distribution profile of the doped layer are investigated by scanning transmission electron microscopy followed by high-angle annular dark field contrast studies and geometrical phase analysis, and compared to the results of secondary ions mass spectrometry and Hall measurements. When increasing the active B concentration above 4 at.%, the fully strained, perfectly crystalline, Si:B layer starts showing dislocations and stacking faults. These only disappear around 8 at.% when the Si:B layer is well accommodated to the substrate. With increasing B incorporation, an increasing number of small precipitates is observed, together with filaments with a higher active B concentration and stacking faults. At the highest concentrations studied, large precipitates form, related to the decrease of active B concentration. The structural information, defect type and concentration, and active B distribution are connected to the initial increase and subsequent gradual loss of superconductivity.
Effect of stress on electronic structure and optical properties of cubic Ca2Ge
Authors: Cen Weifu , Yang Yinye , Tian Zean 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this work, the effect of stress on the electronic structure and optical properties of cubic Ca2Ge was investigated using the first-principles method. It is found that under compressive stress Ca2Ge is a direct-gap semiconductor and the band gap decreases from 0.5477 eV @ 0 GPa to 0.1025 eV @ 15 GPa till 20 GPa, at which point Ca2Ge becomes a semimetal. Under tensile stress, it is otherwise an indirect gap, and the band gap decreases to 0.3178 eV @ −10 GPa till −15 GPa where it is a metal. The dielectric constant increases exponentially under compression, while it increases irregularly but monotonically under strain. The absorption edge shifts in the low-energy direction with increasing compressive stress, while the absorption maximum of Ca2Ge shifts in the high-energy direction before Ca2Ge becomes a metal under tensile stress. The effect on absorption increases with increasing energy, and the absorption edge exhibits strong absorption characteristics under tension. Reflectivity shows that Ca2Ge is a material with low reflectivity. The effects of stress modulation on the electronic structure and optical properties are determined based on the atomic population. Under tensile stress, there is no chemical bonding. When the compressive stress increases to 10 GPa, a chemical bond is formed, and the bond population and length decrease with increasing stress.
Avalanche dynamics of magnetic flux in the Nb-Ti superconducting ring
Authors: Chabanenko Viktor V , Nabiałek Adam , Puźniak Roman , Rusakov Volodymyr F 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We report observations of the spatial and temporal variations in flux penetration into doubly connected bulk superconductors (hollow cylinder, ring) and discs (singly connected) from thermomagnetic avalanches. Dramatic changes were established in the stability of the critical state of the disc when it was transformed into a ring: the region of instability in the magnetic field in the ring doubled, and the number of thermomagnetic avalanches increased from 9 to 60. The duration of the flux jump, the amount of flux entering the sample, and its dependence on the magnetic field changed significantly, and the weak linear field dependence in the disc was inversely proportional to the magnetic field in the ring. A complicated fine structure of the magnetic flux penetrating the ring hole was detected. It was experimentally determined that the speed of the avalanche flux front throughout the sample increased sharply when magnetic flux appeared in the hole. This study also presents other aspects of the dynamic response of a superconducting ring that are discussed in detail.
Improvement of microwave characteristics for high-T
c superconductor (YBCO) films by ion irradiation treatment
Authors: Kalenyuk A A , Kasatkin A L , Futimsky S I , Pokusinskiy A O , Prikhna T A , Shapovalov A P , Shaternik V E , Akhmadaliev Sh 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Measurements of the microwave surface impedance for high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−x
(YBCO) films irradiated by 3 MeV Au2+ ions at three irradiation doses (1010 cm−2, 1011 cm−2, and 1012 cm−2) were carried out at different temperatures (below the critical temperature of T
с ≈ 90 К) and various rf current amplitudes by the use of the microstrip resonator technique. A noticeable decrease in the surface resistance and an enhancement of the linear response range at low temperatures were observed for moderately irradiated film exposed to an irradiation dose of 1011 cm−2, while at higher irradiation doses (1012 cm−2) an increase in the surface resistance and a decrease in the linear response range were observed for all temperatures below T
c. These results are discussed in the framework of phenomenological theory for the microwave response of superconductors with nano-sized structural defects.
Interplay of polarizations in a cascade EIT system in the presence of vortex coupling light in 87Rb atomic vapor medium
Authors: Manchaiah Dixith , Kumar Rohit , Easwaran Raghavan K 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We investigate both experimentally and theoretically the cascade electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in

5

S

1

/

2

−
5

P

3

/

2

−
5

D

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/

2

configuration in 87Rb atomic vapor medium in the presence of vortex coupling Laguerre Gaussian (LG) light. We demonstrated Doppler free double resonance EIT structure in cascade configuration and observed transmission spectra for

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H
⟩
−
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H
⟩

and

σ
+

−

σ
+

polarized probe and coupling lights. We demonstrate that the double resonance structure can be identified by two photon transition probabilities and it is found to be

F

′
′

=
2

and

F

′
′

=
3

. By considering coupling LG light, several polarization combinations are taken into account, and their effects on amplifying and diminishing the EIT resonances are demonstrated experimentally. In order to understand the polarization effects of vortex coupling light on EIT spectrum in a degenerate multilevel atomic system, a theoretical model is developed by considering a simplified double hut level structure. Semi-classical density matrix analysis is used to understand the dynamics and also to establish the enhancement and reduction of EIT peak height with coupling light polarizations. The impact of two photon transition probabilities, polarization combinations and relative orientations of probe and coupling lights in degenerate multilevel atomic systems leads to modification of EIT resonances significantly. We establish quantitative agreement between our theory and experimental results.
A new numerical method to solve fractional differential equations in terms of Caputo-Fabrizio derivatives
Authors: Mahatekar Yogita , Scindia Pallavi S , Kumar Pushpendra 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this article, we derive a new numerical method to solve fractional differential equations containing Caputo-Fabrizio derivatives. The fundamental concepts of fractional calculus, numerical analysis, and fixed point theory form the basis of this study. Along with the derivation of the algorithm of the proposed method, error and stability analyses are performed briefly. To explore the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method, several examples are simulated, and the new solutions are compared with the outputs of the previously published two-step Adams-Bashforth method.
Robust reconfiguration strategies for maximum output power from large-scale photovoltaic arrays under partial shading conditions
Authors: Sharma Mona , Pareek Smita , Singh Kulwant 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Extraction of maximum power from large scale solar photovoltaic power systems is the most challenging and demanding research in the current scenario. Solar photovoltaic panels are highly susceptible to a phenomenon known as partial shading. Partial shading increases mismatch losses and reduces the output of the solar photovoltaic system The output reduction in the partially shaded array is proportional to the shaded area, shaded panel’s placement within the array, panel connections, shade geometry, etc. There are several approaches for reducing Partial shading effects in the literature. The most efficient approach to mitigating the mismatch losses due to Partial shading in large-scale solar photovoltaic systems is the reconfiguration technique, which distributes shaded panels more evenly and increases the maximum power output. The current work utilizes a set of reconfiguration rules for selecting the location of shaded panels within an array that allows for multiple reconfiguration options. The results show that the proposed reconfiguration has obtained an improved Performance enhancement ratio of 25% in one shading pattern i.e. short wide shading, Performance enhancement ratio of 6.4% in short narrow and centre shading and Performance enhancement ratio of 5.9% in long narrow shading. The proposed reconfiguration was found to be the most suitable, simple, and cost-effective solution for large size of solar photovoltaic system under all shading conditions.
Study on the mechanism of surface pressure of optical films formed by laser plasma shock wave
Authors: Wang Guixia , Su Junhong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In a high-power laser system, when the surface pressure of the optical film caused by laser plasma shock wave is greater than the adhesion per unit area of the film layer, the film will produce mechanical damage, and in serious cases, the whole system may not work. Therefore, studying the formation mechanism of optical film surface pressure caused by laser plasma shock wave and calculating the pressure is the key to ensure the normal operation of high power laser system. In this paper, by studying the relaxation process of shock wave on optical film surface pressure, a theoretical calculation model of shock wave on optical film pressure is established, and the variation law of pressure with different parameters is obtained, which reveals the mechanism of forming the optical film surface pressure. The calculation and simulation results show that the maximum pressure is 108 N m−2 during the laser pulse, and the pressure decreases with the increase of laser pulse time after the pulse, and the total action time of laser plasma and shock wave on the film is in the order of microseconds. The pressure increases with the increase of incident laser energy, focal length of focusing lens and incident laser pulse width, which increases with the decrease of the distance between the film surface and the focal plane of the focusing lens. The pressure changes more obviously with the incident laser energy and the distance between the film surface and the focal plane of the focusing lens than with the focal length of the focusing lens and the incident laser pulse width.
A high-speed hybrid brain-computer interface with more than 200 targets
Authors: Han Jin , Xu Minpeng , Xiao Xiaolin , Yi Weibo , Jung Tzyy-Ping , Ming Dong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have recently made significant strides in expanding their instruction set, which has attracted wide attention from researchers. The number of targets and commands is a key indicator of how well BCIs can decode the brain’s intentions. No studies have reported a BCI system with over 200 targets. Approach. This study developed the first high-speed BCI system with up to 216 targets that were encoded by a combination of electroencephalography features, including P300, motion visual evoked potential (mVEP), and steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP). Specifically, the hybrid BCI paradigm used the time-frequency division multiple access strategy to elaborately tag targets with P300 and mVEP of different time windows, along with SSVEP of different frequencies. The hybrid features were then decoded by task-discriminant component analysis and linear discriminant analysis. Ten subjects participated in the offline and online cued-guided spelling experiments. Other ten subjects took part in online free-spelling experiments. Main results. The offline results showed that the mVEP and P300 components were prominent in the central, parietal, and occipital regions, while the most distinct SSVEP feature was in the occipital region. The online cued-guided spelling and free-spelling results showed that the proposed BCI system achieved an average accuracy of 85.37% ± 7.49% and 86.00% ± 5.98% for the 216-target classification, resulting in an average information transfer rate (ITR) of 302.83 ± 39.20 bits min−1 and 204.47 ± 37.56 bits min−1, respectively. Notably, the peak ITR could reach up to 367.83 bits min−1. Significance. This study developed the first high-speed BCI system with more than 200 targets, which holds promise for extending BCI’s application scenarios.
Confusion of Alcohol Craving With Food Hunger in Alcohol-Dependent Individuals Entering In-Patient Drug Treatment
Authors: Czarnecki Damian , Ziółkowski Marcin , Chodkiewicz Jan , Długosz Anna , Budzyński Jacek , Waszkiewicz Napoleon , Kułak-Bejda Agnieszka 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo identify the distinguishing characteristics of alcohol dependent patients who confuse alcohol cravings with pre-meal hunger.MethodsData were collected at interview on sociodemographic status, clinical status and anthropometry in 179 patients (163 men and 16 women) undergoing in-patient treatment for alcohol dependence.ResultsA comparison of the patient subgroups studied showed that patients who did not confuse, and those who did confuse, alcohol craving with pre-meal hunger differed significantly in terms of alcohol craving scale scores (9 vs. 4 points). Patients confusing alcohol cravings with pre-meal hunger were more likely to recognize that experiencing severe pre-meal hunger can cause relapse (67.9 vs. 22.8%) and that not being able to distinguish between the sensations under study also increases the risk of breaking abstinence (75.0% vs. 50.4%). This was independent of severity of dependence and intensity of recent alcohol consumption.ConclusionsAlcohol-dependent persons who confuse alcohol craving with pre-meal hunger differ from those who do not confuse these hunger pangs in terms of feeling stronger alcohol craving and more frequent occurrence of symptoms accompanying the feeling of alcohol craving during pre-meal hunger. At the start of treatment for alcohol withdrawal, alcohol-dependent individuals who report confusing alcohol cravings with pre-meal hunger are less confident of maintaining abstinence. This is relevant to treatment. The role of possible confounders (depressive symptoms, cognitive and educational deficiency) could not be elucidated definitively.
A critical brainstem relay for mediation of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls
Authors: Kucharczyk Mateusz W , Di Domenico Francesca , Bannister Kirsty 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The CNS houses naturally occurring pathways that project from the brain to modulate spinal neuronal activity. The noradrenergic locus coeruleus (the A6 nucleus) originates such a descending control whose influence on pain modulation encompasses an interaction with a spinally projecting non-cerulean noradrenergic cell group. Hypothesizing the origin of an endogenous pain inhibitory pathway, our aim was to identify this cell group.
A5 and A7 noradrenergic nuclei also spinally project. We probed their activity using an array of optogenetic manipulation techniques during in vivo electrophysiological experimentation. Interestingly, noxious stimulus evoked spinal neuronal firing was decreased upon opto-activation of A5 neurons (two-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc, P &lt; 0.0001). Hypothesizing that this may reflect activity in the noradrenergic diffuse noxious inhibitory control circuit, itself activated upon application of a conditioning stimulus, we opto-inhibited A5 neurons with concurrent conditioning stimulus application. Surprisingly, no spinal neuronal inhibition was observed; activity in the diffuse noxious inhibitory control circuit was abolished (two-way ANOVA, P &lt; 0.0001).
We propose that the A5 nucleus is a critical relay nucleus for mediation of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls. Given the plasticity of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls in disease, and its back and forward clinical translation, our data reveal a potential therapeutic target.
Scar conducting channel characterization to predict arrhythmogenicity during ventricular tachycardia ablation
Authors: Sanchez-Somonte Paula , Garre Paz , Vázquez-Calvo Sara , Quinto Levio , Borràs Roger , Prat Susanna , Ortiz-Perez Jose T , Steghöfer Martin , Figueras i Ventura Rosa M , Guasch Eduard , Tolosana José Maria , Arbelo Elena , Brugada Josep , Sitges Marta , Mont Lluís , Roca-Luque Ivo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsHeterogeneous tissue channels (HTCs) detected by late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR) are related to ventricular arrhythmias, but there are few published data about their arrhythmogenic characteristics.Methods and resultsWe enrolled 34 consecutive patients with ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy who were referred for ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation. LGE-CMR was performed prior to ablation, and the HTCs were analyzed. Arrhythmogenic HTCs linked to induced VT were identified during the VT ablation procedure. The characteristics of arrhythmogenic HTCs were compared with those of non-arrhythmogenic HTCs. Three patients were excluded due to low-quality LGE-CMR images. A total of 87 HTCs were identified on LGE-CMR in 31 patients (age:63.8 ± 12.3 years; 96.8% male; left ventricular ejection fraction: 36.1 ± 10.7%). Of the 87 HTCs, only 31 were considered arrhythmogenic because of their relation to a VT isthmus. The HTCs related to a VT isthmus were longer [64.6 ± 49.4 vs. 32.9 ± 26.6 mm; OR: 1.02; 95% CI: (1.01–1.04); P &lt; 0.001] and had greater mass [2.5 ± 2.2 vs. 1.2 ± 1.2 grams; OR: 1.62; 95% CI: (1.18–2.21); P &lt; 0.001], a higher degree of protectedness [26.19 ± 19.2 vs. 10.74 ± 8.4; OR 1.09; 95% CI: (1.04–1.14); P &lt; 0.001], higher transmurality [number of wall layers with CCs: 3.8 ± 2.4 vs. 2.4 ± 2.0; OR: 1.31; 95% CI: (1.07–1.60); P = 0.008] and more ramifications [3.8 ± 2.0 vs. 2.7 ± 1.1; OR: 1.59; 95% CI: (1.15–2.19); P = 0.002] than non-arrhythmogenic HTCs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that protectedness was the strongest predictor of arrhythmogenicity.ConclusionThe protectedness of an HTC identified by LGE-CMR is strongly related to its arrhythmogenicity during VT ablation.
Source-to-sink partitioning is altered by changes in the expression of the transcription factor AtHB5 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Raminger B Lorena , Miguel Virginia N , Zapata Carlos , Chan Raquel L , Cabello Julieta V 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCarbohydrates are transported from source to sink tissues. The efficiency of this transport determines plant growth and development. The process is finely regulated and transcription factors are crucial in its modulation. AtHB5 is a homeodomain-leucine zipper I transcription factor that is repressed during stem maturation. However, its function in this developmental event is unknown. Here, we investigated the expression pattern and role of AtHB5. AtHB5 was expressed in roots, hypocotyls, stems, petioles, pedicels, and central leaf veins. athb5 mutant plants exhibited wider and more lignified stems than controls, whereas AtHB5 overexpressors showed the opposite phenotype. Cross sections of athb5 mutant stems showed enlarged vascular bundle, xylem, phloem, and petiole areas, whereas AtHB5 overexpressors had callose deposits. Several genes involved in starch biosynthesis and degradation had altered transcript levels in athb5 mutants and AtHB5 overexpressors. Rosette and stem biomass was enhanced in athb5 mutants, positively impacting seed yield, protein, and lipid content. Moreover, these effects were more evident in debranched plants. Finally, transport to roots was significantly slowed in AtHB5 overexpressors. Altogether, the results indicated that AtHB5 is a negative modulator of carbon partitioning and sucrose transport from source to sink tissues, and its overexpression diminished plant biomass and seed yield.
Detection of He++ ion in the star-forming ring of the Cartwheel using MUSE data and ionizing mechanisms
Authors: Mayya Y D , Plat A , Gómez-González V M A , Zaragoza-Cardiel J , Charlot S , Bruzual G 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We here report the detection of the nebular He ii λ4686 line in 32 H ii regions in the metal-poor collisional ring galaxy Cartwheel using the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) data set. The measured I(He ii λ4686)/I(H β) ratio varies from 0.004 to 0.07, with a mean value of 0.010 ± 0.003. Ten of these 32 H ii regions are coincident with the location of an ultra luminous X-ray (ULX) source. We used the flux ratios of important diagnostic lines and results of photoionization by simple stellar populations (SSPs) to investigate the likely physical mechanisms responsible for the ionization of He+. We find that the majority of the regions (27) are consistent with photoionization by star clusters in their Wolf–Rayet (WR) phase with initial ionization parameter −3.5 &lt; log 〈U〉 &lt; −2.0. Blue bump (BB), the characteristic feature of the WR stars, however, is not detected in any of the spectra. We demonstrate that this non-detection is due to the relatively low equivalent width (EW) of the BB in metal-poor SSPs, in spite of containing sufficient number of WR stars to reproduce the observed I(He ii λ4686)/I(H β) ratio of ≤1.5 per cent at the Cartwheel metallicity of Z = 0.004. The H ii regions in the WR phase that are coincident with a ULX source do not show line ratios characteristic of ionization by X-ray sources. However, the ULX sources may have a role to play in the ionization of He+ in two (#99, 144) of the five regions that are not in the WR phase. Ionization by radiative shocks along with the presence of channels for the selective leakage of ionizing photons are the likely scenarios in #17 and #148, the two regions with the highest observed I(He ii λ4686)/I(H β) ratio.