bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Presbyopia, Near-spectacle Use and Near Vision Spectacle Coverage among Cosmetologists in Mushin Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Agboola Sefinat Abiola , Aribaba Olufisayo T. , Sam-Oyerinde Olapeju Ajoke , Oduneye Femi Chukwunonso , Sule Ademola Ayoda , Akinsola Folasade Bolanle 
Published: September 2023

Objective:
To determine the prevalence of presbyopia, near vision spectacle use, and near vision spectacle coverage among cosmetologists in Mushin Local Government Area of Lagos State with the view of creating awareness, improving productivity and quality of life.

Materials and Methods:
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted among 251 cosmetologists aged ≥ 30 years. All participants had a standardized protocol including visual acuity assessment (distance and near), anterior and posterior segment examinations, and refraction. Spectacle usage, work, productivity impact, and near vision-related quality of life (NVQoL) information were obtained with the 12-item Near Vision–Related Quality of Life Questionnaire, the Spectacle Usage section of the World Health Organisation (WHO) Spectacle and Work Productivity Questionnaire. Data obtained was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY).

Results:
Two hundred and fifty-one cosmetologists were studied with a male to female ratio of 1:6.4 and overall mean age of 43.9 ± 6.5 years. The prevalence of presbyopia was 67.3% and the unmet need was 51.3%. Eighty-four percent of presbyopic participants reported severe difficulty with their NVQoL compared to 16% of non-presbyopes. There was a statistically significant association between uncorrected presbyopia and reduced NVQoL (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated a relatively high prevalence of presbyopia, high unmet need, and a significant reduction in the near vision-related quality of life. This indicates the need for improved access to refractive services and spectacles among this group of artisans in whom near vision plays an indispensable role
Glomus Tumour of Hand––A Commonly Misdiagnosed Pathology
Authors: Dhingra Mohit , Niraula Bishwa Bandhu , Regmi Anil , Bansal Shivam , Singh Vivek , Phulware Ravi Hari 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
Glomus tumours are benign neoplasms arising from the glomus body, a network of specialized neuromyoarterial structures containing arteriovenous anastomosis and regulating temperature. It is often misdiagnosed as paronychia, arthritis, traumatic sequelae, and many other conditions including psychiatric misdiagnosis. A typical triad of paroxysmal pain, point tenderness, and cold intolerance characterize it. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice, either by transungual or lateral approaches.

Materials and Methods:
We carried out a retrospective study of cases operated in our department in the last 4 years. Patients are evaluated based on either clinical parameters (Love test, Hildreth test, and cold insensitivity) or radiological parameters (X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging). Parameters such as age, gender, tumour side, presenting complaints, duration of symptoms, diagnostic modality, follow-up duration, recurrence, and postoperative nail deformity were analysed. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score was the primary statistical parameter, and the change in VAS score following surgery was analysed with paired t test.

Result:
Mean preoperative VAS was 7.75 ± 0.5; in a total of four patients, and following surgery, VAS was reduced to a mean of 1 ± 1.5. Paired t test on the change of VAS score following surgery showed a significant difference in the VAS score (P = 0.002838). The average age was 39.25. The male-to-female ratio was 1:3, and the mean follow-up was 16 months (range 2–48 months). The mean duration of symptoms was 5.75 years (range 2–10 years). Two cases were in the right-hand side, and two cases were on the left-hand side; the thumb was most commonly involved with 50% (n = 2) incidence.

Conclusion:
Glomus tumours are often misdiagnosed and are intervened with different treatment options before being surgically intervened. With complete surgical excision, recurrence is nil but postoperative nail growth requires nearly 10 months.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV
Postoperative Sequelae Following Surgical Extraction of Impacted Mandibular Third-Molar Extraction Using the Complete Closure Versus the Sutureless Techniques
Authors: Chukwuma Benedict Chimezie , Taiwo Abdurrazaq Olarenwaju , Akinmoladun Victor I. , Ibikunle Adebayo Aremu , Bala Mujtaba 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Wound closure techniques affect the severity of inflammatory complications that ensue following surgical extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar (M3). The choice of the technique remains a topic for discussion because reports regarding their associated sequelae are split. This study therefore compares the pain, swelling and trismus in the complete closure and the sutureless/non-closure techniques.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective, randomised clinical study carried out at the Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery department of a tertiary hospital. A total of 74 participants requiring impacted mandibular M3 extractions were randomised into a complete closure group and a sutureless technique group. They were subjected to the procedure under similar technique and conditions and followed up for a week to assess their experiences of pain, swelling and trismus. Variables were recorded and analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software program, version 25.0. The critical level of significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
The sutureless group had statistically significantly higher postoperative pain on days 1, 3, 4 and 5 (P < 0.05) and lesser severity of trismus on day 7 (P < 0.05) than the complete closure group. There was no significant difference in swelling.

Conclusion:
Compared with the complete closure group, the sutureless group had similar severity of swelling, less trismus but had higher pain severity in the week following M3 surgery.
Factors Affecting the Acquisition of Basic Surgical Skills Among Surgery Interns in Teaching Hospitals in Southeast, Nigeria
Authors: Imediegwu Kelechi Uzodinma , Uwaezuoke Angelica Chinecherem , Onyebuchukwu Chiamaka Q. , Dimson Chinonso J. , Abor Jude C. , Ngwu Amarachi , Orerome Owhiri , Anyaehie Udo E. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Upon graduation from medical school, doctors in Nigeria undergo a compulsory internship program which includes rotation through four core specialties: Internal medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Surgery. Interns are expected to acquire basic surgical skills during their rotation in surgery.

Objectives:
To identify the factors that affect the acquisition of basic surgical skills by surgery interns (house officers) during their one-year internship program in teaching hospitals in Southeast Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 73 surgery interns were sampled using a descriptive cross-sectional, epidemiological survey that employed self-administered Google forms. The semi-structured questionnaire was electronically distributed to interns currently in surgery rotations in their internship program in South-east, Nigeria. The data was analyzed using IBM’s Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 and presented in tables and charts. Consent was obtained from all respondents and measures were put in place to limit different forms of bias.

Results:
The most important factors that negatively affected the acquisition of surgical skills by interns were fatigue from overwork (55.4%), poor mentorship (47.3%) and inadequate skill training courses (44.6%). There were no statistically significant correlations amongst the factors that affected the acquisition of basic surgical skills by house officers.

Conclusion:
Some of the major limitations to acquisition of surgical skills by house officers that have undergone the surgery rotation were identified to be the workload, poor mentorship and inadequate structured skill training courses.

Recommendation:
Provision of better work conditions to limit work fatigue and improve learning. The training of house officers undergoing their surgery rotation should be supplemented by periodic assessment and mentorship programs by senior doctor to improve the acquisition of basic surgical skills by house officers.
Impact of Virtual Resources and Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Plastic Surgery Residency and Training among Residents in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Imediegwu Kelechi Uzodinma , Magbo Chidera V. , Umeji Ebube I. , Azumah Emmnauel K. , Onyebuchukwu Chiamaka Q. , Okonkwo Kenechukwu Judah , Abor Jude C. , Uduezue Anthonia 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Despite the increased usage of virtual, nonphysical resources for medical education during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, plastic surgical training still suffered adversely in some aspects.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to explore the overall impact of virtual resources and effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on plastic surgery training among residents in Southern Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted among senior plastic surgery residents in southern Nigeria using a well-structured online questionnaire carried out over a 3-month period. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software program, version 25.0. Measures were taken to significantly minimise response, answer order, and other survey research errors/bias. A pilot study was done. Consent was obtained from all participants.

Results:
A total of 29 plastic surgery residents completed the questionnaire. Mean age was 35.15 years with standard deviation of 6.31. The response rate was 72.5%. According to a majority of the residents, there were no significant changes in the frequency of burn, hand, and facial injury cases during the pandemic; training courses on plastic surgery (44.3%) and operative cases decreased (48.3%), whereas there was a significant increase in intraoperative teaching (27.6%) as well as simulations and conferences (41.4%). Majority of the respondents also alluded to the significant financial and psychological impacts of the pandemic on residents and a significant decline in cases with general anaesthesia as compared with cases with local anaesthesia.

Conclusion:
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a mixture of significant positive and negative changes in the plastic surgery training of residents.
The use of Preputial Dartos Flap in the Primary Repair of Distal Hypospadias
Authors: Chakraborty Partha , Mandal Kartik Chandra , Roy Sourav , Tewary Shashi Kant , Halder Pankaj Kumar , Kumar Anil 
Published: September 2023

Background:
An additional flap during the tubularization of incised urethral plate urethroplasty (TIPU) is believed to minimize the postoperative complications. It is still debatable whether using an additional flap is worth the risk given the hazards associated with doing so. This study aims to re-evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of TIPU with or without a preputial dartos (PD) flap.

Materials and Methods:
We assessed the results of patients with distal hypospadias who underwent surgery in our institute over the past 2 years. The urethral plate’s width, thickness, and depth, the periurethral tissue’s quality, and the width of the glans at the mid-glans level determined whether the neourethra was covered with a PD flap or left uncovered. Data on intra-operative blood loss, operating time, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications, and outcome were analysed.

Results:
There were 96 patients: 58 received an extra PD flap, whereas the other 38 did not. In the flap group, ventral skin necrosis was a prevalent problem, whereas meatal stenosis predominated in the no-flap group. Both the flap group (25.66%) and the no-flap group (23.86%) experienced comparable postoperative complications (P = 0.503). In comparison to the no-flap group, the flap group showed statistically significant differences (P<0.001) in intra-operative blood loss (22.10 ± 6.96 vs. 10.34 ± 3.02 mL), operating time (96.34 ± 6.661 vs. 71.39 ± 9.76 min), and hospital stay (10.04 ± 0.87 vs. 8.47 ± 1.64 days).

Conclusion:
The additional PD flap does not always affect the result of TIPU in terms of complications.
Ultrasonographic Intravesical Prostatic Protrusion in Men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Okedere Tolulope Adebayo , Idowu Bukunmi Michael , Onigbinde Stephen Olaoluwa 
Published: September 2023

Objectives:
To study the relationship between sonographically measured intravesical prostate protrusion and international prostate symptoms score (IPSS), as well as prostate volume, in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia at a single health facility.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional observational study of one hundred men (age >40 years) diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Their International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) was assessed using the standardised IPSS instrument. Abdominal ultrasound was done to measure the intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP), while prostate volume was estimated transabdominally and transrectally. Correlations between parameters were quantified with Spearman’s correlation test. P ≤ 0.05 was statistically significant.

Results:
The mean age was 62.84 ± 9.0 years (Range =42–79 years). The mean IPSS was 20.99 ± 6.42 (range of 5–30). Seventy-three percent of the men in this study had intravesical prostatic protrusion on ultrasound. The mean IPP was 13.0 ± 4.0 mm. Of the 73 men with IPP, 17 (23.3%), 29 (39.7%), and 27 (37%) had grade I, grade II and grade III IPP, respectively. The mean transabdominal prostate volume (TPVA) and transrectal prostate volume (TPVT) were 71 ± 14 ml and 69 ± 13 ml, respectively. IPP had a statistically significant positive correlation with all the other parameters. The strongest correlation (very high correlation) was with the TPVA (r=0.797, P < 0.0001), followed by a moderate correlation with the IPSS (r =0.513, P < 0.0001). TPVT, transition zone volume, transition zone index, presumed circle area ratio, and quality of life score yielded slightly weaker moderate correlation with IPP, while IPP correlated weakly with age.

Conclusion:
IPP correlated well with multiple clinical and sonographic parameters. It correlated better with TPVA than TPVT.
Predicting Major Complications Following Laparotomy for Gastrointestinal Conditions Using Surgical Apgar score
Authors: Muhammad Saminu , Sheshe Abdurrahman Abba , Naaya Habila Ulea , Suleiman Ibrahim Eneye , Bello Usman Mohammed 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Surgical Apgar score (SAS) is one of the risk assessment tools used in predicting postoperative complications. It is a simple and inexpensive tool composed of three intra-operative variables; lowest heart rate, lowest mean arterial blood pressure, and estimated blood loss, which are scored with a total of 10 points, based on which patients are risk stratified for developing post-operative complications. SAS was found to have good predictive accuracy for post-operative morbidity and mortality. The main objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of SAS in predicting major complications following laparotomy for gastrointestinal conditions.

Materials and Methods:
The study was a prospective observational study, conducted in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Eighty-three adult patients, who required laparotomy for gastrointestinal conditions were recruited. Data was collected using proforma, and patients were followed up for 30 days. The intra-operative parameters for SAS were scored, and according to the scores, patients were risk stratified for developing post-operative complications. The data were analyzed; sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the SAS were determined.

Results:
A total of 83 patients were recruited in the study. About half (44.6%) of the patients developed major post-operative complications and a mortality rate of 7.2%. Most of the patients that died had low SAS. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC of SAS found were: 83.8%. 47.8%, 63.9% and 0.74 (95% CI; 0.63–0.84, P < 0.001) respectively.

Conclusion:
This study revealed that SAS is efficacious in predicting major complications following laparotomy for gastrointestinal conditions.
The adjunctive effect of locally delivered spirulina gel versus spirulina nanoparticles gel to nonsurgical treatment of stage II, grade B periodontitis: a randomized, controlled, clinical trial
Authors: Altabrizy Eman A. H. , ElGammal Lobna A. A. , Attia Mohamed A. S. , Haggag Yusuf A. , Badr Ahmed M. M. 
Published: September 2023

Background
One of the cornerstone adjunctive properties for delivering an antimicrobial agent in nonsurgical periodontal therapy is to achieve sufficient concentration and proper durability. This study was conducted to evaluate and to compare the effect of spirulina gel versus spirulina nanogel clinically and immunologically in the nonsurgical treatment of stage II, grade B periodontitis.

Methods
30 patients with a diagnosis of (stage II, grade B periodontitis) were randomly selected and divided into three groups, 10 patients in each group. Group (A) received scaling and root planing SRP with placebo gel ‘methyl cellulose’, group (B) received SRP with spirulina gel, and group (C) received SRP with spirulina nanogel. All the patients received one session full mouth SRP and immediate placement of the gel followed by frequent application after 1, 2, and 4 weeks. The following clinical parameters: bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were evaluated at baseline (before treatment), 3 and 6 months. Also, immunological assessment of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was done.

Results
There was statistically significant clinical improvement in favor to group B and C at all-time intervals follow-up periods when compared with group A where (P < 0.05). The immunological assessment showed statistically significant difference in group B and C when compared with group A at 6 months.

Conclusion
Adjunctive application of spirulina gel or spirulina nanogel to conventional mechanical therapy improved the clinical and immunological parameters over the traditional treatment alone. However, the strategy of spirulina nanogel may represents a promising natural product as an adjunctive treatment of chronic periodontitis.
Efficacy of adjunct topical application of 5-Fluorouracil in reducing the recurrence of odontogenic keratocyst
Authors: Essa Emad El Said Fahim , Bedair Rafic Ramadan , Eid Mohamed Kamal 
Published: September 2023

Background
The main objectives for the management of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) are the complete eradication of the lesion and thorough curettage to minimize the chance of recurrence. There are many modalities used as adjunctive therapies with varying success using various compounds in the form of thermal and chemical cauterization, which have been used in conjunction with conservative surgical treatment.

Purpose
This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effect of topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as an adjunct therapy in reducing the risk of recurrence of OKCs.

Patients and methods
Twenty-four patients with proven incisional biopsy as odontogenic keratocysts with no relevant systemic diseases were included in this study. The patients were treated with 5-FU cream after enucleation and peripheral ostectomy of the odontogenic keratocyst.

Results
The radiographic results showed a significant change in bone density at the site of excised lesions compared with immediate postoperative radiographs. No radiological signs of recurrence were found during the follow-up periods.

Conclusion
Conservative enucleation of OKC combined with topical application of 5- Fluorouracil as a chemical adjunct is an efficient, novel, and promising technique in reducing the recurrence of OKC.
ANALISA STABILITAS TANAH TIMBUNAN PADA PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN KILANG MINYAK PADA PT. INDUSTRI NABATI LESTARI SEI SEMANGKEI KABUPATEN SIMALUNGUN SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Siringoringo Anton , Simanullang Parlin , Endayanti Masriani , Ginting Rahelina 
Published: September 2023

Kondisi tanah dibawah struktur begitu berhubungan dengan sifat tanah itu sendiri ketika mendapat beban, kegagalan yang terjadi pada sub-grade pondasi timbunan yaitu tanah pondasi terlalu lunak sehingga daya dukung tanah, dalam menahan beban timbunan kecil, sehingga penurunan yang terjadi sangat besar. Lapisan tanah yang ada dibawah bangunan tersebut harusla kuat, stabil, aman, sehingga tidak mengalami penuruna , retak, karena sulit mempebaiki struktur atas bila hal ini terjadi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah agar menganlisa besarnya penurunan akibat material penimbunan pada lokasi proyek KILANG MINYAK PT. INDUSTRI NABATI LESTARI SEI SEMANGKEI. Penurunan tanah proyek akan mempengaruhi kontruksi dimasa depan, penurunan yang terlalu besar menimbulkan kerusakan yang lumayan berpengaruh terhadap kontruksi. Oleh sebab itu dilakukan analisa kpada besarnya penurunan. Berdasarkan perhitungan yang dilakukan kepada design timbuna bahu jalan di atas tanah lunak di lokasi pekerjaan dapat disimpulkan : 1). Untuk penurunan konsolidasi, semakin tinggi tanah timbunan semakin lama proses penurunan, 2).Hasil Sc pada BH – 01 lebih besar dari Sc pada BH – 02, hal ini dikarenakan angka pori pada sampel BH – 01 lebih kecil dari BH – 02. Proses pembebanan sangat dipengaruhi oleh nilai void ratio yang terkait dengan permeabilitas atau sifat kelolosan air, 3).Nilai K pada BH – 01 lebih kecil dari BH – 02. Semakin bertambah besar nilai permeabilitas maka proses terdissipasinya angka pori akan semakin cepat. Sehingga penurunan yang terjadi akan semakin besar, 4).Nilai Coeffisient Index Cc mempengaruhi besarnya penurunan, semakin besar nilai Coeffisient Index Cc, semakin besar penurunan yang terjadi.
EVALUASI STRUKTUR ATAS PADA GEDUNG RS REGINA MARIS MEDAN
Authors: Laowo Ronaldus , Harefa Gloriel , Ginting Rahelina 
Published: September 2023

Bangunan gedung adalah bangunan yang didirikan atau diletakkan pada suatu lingkungan sebagian atau seluruhnya pada, di atas, atau di dalam tanah serta atau perairan secara permanen yang berfungsi menjadi kawasan manusia melakukan kegiatannya. Bangunan adalah bagian yang membentuk suatu susunan seperti, dinding, kolom, ring, kuda-kuda, serta atap. pada dasarnya elemen struktur berfungsi untuk mendukung eksistensi elemen nonstruktur yang mencakup elemen tampak, interior, serta lebih jelasnya arsitektur sehingga membuat satu kesatuan. Struktur juga didefinisikan menjadi wahana untuk menyalurkan beban serta dampak penggunaannya serta atau kehadiran bangunan ke dalam tanah. Setiap bagian struktur bangunan tersebut juga mempunyai fungsi serta peranannya masing-masing kegunaan lain asal struktur bangunan yaitu meneruskan beban bangunan asal bagian bangunan atas menuju bagian bangunan bawah kemudian menyebarkannya ke tanah. Perancangan perancangan struktur wajib memastikan bagian-bagian sistem struktur ini mampu mengizinkan atau menanggung gaya gravitasi serta beban bangunan, lalu menyokong serta menyalurkan nya ke tanah yang safety asal akibat perhitungan pelat, balok serta kolom menjadi berikut: perhitungan pelat, Mlx = D8 – 250, Mtx = D8 – 250, Mly = D8 – 200, Mty = D8 – 200, perhitungan balok, , sengkang tumpuan = D10 – 100, sengkang lapangan = D10 – 150, pengaku arah x = 3D10 – 100, pengaku arah y = 3D10 – 100