bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppressing Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Ferroptosis Via Targeting a Metabolism‐Epigenetics Axis Corrects their Poor Retention and Insufficient Healing Benefits in the Injured Liver Milieu
Authors: Hu Guangyu , Cui Zhe , Chen Xiyao , Sun Fangfang , Li Tongzheng , Li Congye , Zhang Ling , Guo Xiong , Zhao Hang , Xia Yunlong , Yan Wenjun , Yi Wei , Fan Miaomiao , Yang Rongjin , Wang Shan , Tao Ling , Zhang Fuyang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) implantation is a promising option for liver repair, but their poor retention in the injured liver milieu critically blunts therapeutic effects. The aim is to clarify the mechanisms underlying massive MSC loss post‐implantation and establish corresponding improvement strategies. MSC loss primarily occurs within the initial hours after implantation into the injured liver milieu or under reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress. Surprisingly, ferroptosis is identified as the culprit for rapid depletion. In ferroptosis‐ or ROS‐provoking MSCs, branched‐chain amino acid transaminase‐1 (BCAT1) is dramatically decreased, and its downregulation renders MSC susceptible to ferroptosis via suppressing the transcription of glutathione peroxidase‐4 (GPX4), a vital ferroptosis defensing enzyme. BCAT1 downregulation impedes GPX4 transcription via a rapid‐responsive metabolism‐epigenetics coordinating mechanism, involving α‐ketoglutarate accumulation, histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation loss, and early growth response protein‐1 upregulation. Approaches to suppress ferroptosis (e.g., incorporating ferroptosis inhibitors in injection solvent and overexpressing BCAT1) significantly improve MSC retention and liver‐protective effects post‐implantation. This study provides the first evidence indicating that excessive MSC ferroptosis is the nonnegligible culprit for their rapid depletion and insufficient therapeutic efficacy after implantation into the injured liver milieu. Strategies suppressing MSC ferroptosis are conducive to optimizing MSC‐based therapy.
Bulk Rashba‐Type Spin Splitting in Non‐Centrosymmetric Artificial Superlattices
Authors: Ham Woo Seung , Ho Thi Huynh , Shiota Yoichi , Iino Tatsuya , Ando Fuyuki , Ikebuchi Tetsuya , Kotani Yoshinori , Nakamura Tetsuya , Kan Daisuke , Shimakawa Yuichi , Moriyma Takahiro , Im Eunji , Lee Nyun‐Jong , Kim Kyoung‐Whan , Hong Soon Cheol , Rhim Sonny H. , Ono Teruo , Kim Sanghoon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSpin current, converted from charge current via spin Hall or Rashba effects, can transfer its angular momentum to local moments in a ferromagnetic layer. In this regard, the high charge‐to‐spin conversion efficiency is required for magnetization manipulation for developing future memory or logic devices including magnetic random‐access memory. Here, the bulk Rashba‐type charge‐to‐spin conversion is demonstrated in an artificial superlattice without centrosymmetry. The charge‐to‐spin conversion in [Pt/Co/W] superlattice with sub‐nm scale thickness shows strong W thickness dependence. When the W thickness becomes 0.6 nm, the observed field‐like torque efficiency is about 0.6, which is an order larger than other metallic heterostructures. First‐principles calculation suggests that such large field‐like torque arises from bulk‐type Rashba effect due to the vertically broken inversion symmetry inherent from W layers. The result implies that the spin splitting in a band of such an ABC‐type artificial SL can be an additional degree of freedom for the large charge‐to‐spin conversion.
Checkpoint TIPE2 Limits the Helper Functions of NK Cells in Supporting Antitumor CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Bi Jiacheng , Jin Xiaomeng , Zheng Chaoyue , Huang Chen , Zhong Chao , Zheng Xiaohu , Tian Zhigang , Sun Haoyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells not only are innate effector lymphocytes that directly participate in tumor surveillance but are also essential helpers in the antitumor CD8+ T‐cell response. However, the molecular mechanisms and potential checkpoints regulating NK cell helper functions remain elusive. Here, it is shown that the T‐bet/Eomes‐IFN‐γ axis in NK cells is essential for CD8+ T cell‐dependent tumor control, whereas T‐bet‐dependent NK cell effector functions are required for an optimal response to anti‐PD‐L1 immunotherapy. Importantly, NK cell‐expressed TIPE2 (tumor necrosis factor‐alpha‐induced protein‐8 like‐2) represents a checkpoint molecule for NK cell helper function, since Tipe2 deletion in NK cells not only enhances NK‐intrinsic antitumor activity but also indirectly improves the antitumor CD8+ T cell response by promoting T‐bet/Eomes‐dependent NK cell effector functions. These studies thus reveal TIPE2 as a checkpoint for NK cell helper function, whose targeting might boost the antitumor T cell response in addition to T cell‐based immunotherapy.
Efficient Coarse‐Grained Superplasticity of a Gigapascal Lightweight Refractory Medium Entropy Alloy
Authors: Jia Yuefei , Wu Shiwei , Mu Yongkun , Xu Long , Ren Chang , Sun Kang , Yi Jun , Jia Yandong , Yan Wentao , Wang Gang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSuperplastic metals that exhibit exceptional ductility (>300%) are appealing for use in high‐quality engineering components with complex shapes. However, the wide application of most superplastic alloys has been constrained due to their poor strength, the relatively long superplastic deformation period, and the complex and high‐cost grain refinement processes. Here these issues are addressed by the coarse‐grained superplasticity of high‐strength lightweight medium entropy alloy (Ti43.3V28Zr14Nb14Mo0.7, at.%) with a microstructure of ultrafine particles embedded in the body‐centered‐cubic matrix. The results demonstrate that the alloy reached a high coarse‐grained superplasticity greater than ≈440% at a high strain rate of 10−2 s−1 at 1173 K and with a gigapascal residual strength. A consecutively triggered deformation mechanism that sequences of dislocation slip, dynamic recrystallization, and grain boundary sliding in such alloy differs from conventional grain‐boundary sliding in fine‐grained materials. The present results open a pathway for highly efficient superplastic forming, broaden superplastic materials to the high‐strength field, and guide the development of new alloys.
Mechanical Failure of Solid‐State Electrolyte Rooted in Synergy of Interfacial and Internal Defects
Authors: Xiong Shizhao , Xu Xieyu , Jiao Xingxing , Wang Yongjing , Kapitanova Olesya O. , Song Zhongxiao , Liu Yangyang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe mechanical failure of solid‐state electrolytes induced by the growth of the lithium metal anode hinders the development of solid‐state Li metal batteries with good safety and high energy density, and thus the understanding of the failure mechanism is of high importance for the application of solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries. Herein, a modified electro‐chemo‐mechanical model is built to bridge the dynamic relationship between the mechanical failure of solid‐state electrolytes and the electrodeposition of lithium metal. The results, visualize evolution of local stress fields and the corresponding relative damage, and indicate that the generation of damage inside the solid‐state electrolyte is rooted in a synergy of interfacial and internal defects. Compression by electrodeposited lithium inside interfacial defects and further transmission of stress inward in the electrolyte causes catastrophic damage, which is determined by the geometry of interfacial defects. Moreover, the internal defects of the solid‐state electrolyte from sintering can influence the pathway of damage and work as the inner fountainhead for further damage propagation, and as such, the position and amount of the internal voids exhibit a more competitive role in the mechanical failure of solid‐state electrolyte. Thus, the synergetic failure mechanism of solid‐state electrolytes raised in this work provides a modeling framework to design effective strategies for state‐of‐the‐art solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries.
Charge‐Accumulating‐Flutter‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator via Discharge Gateway
Authors: Heo Deokjae , Son Jin‐ho , Kim Dongchang , Song Myunghwan , Ryu Hanwook , Kim Sunghan , Choi Kyungwho , Lin Zong‐Hong , Kim Dongseob , Hong Jinkee , Lee Sangmin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFor triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), achieving both high root‐mean‐square (RMS) current output and portability remains a challenge. Here, a charge‐accumulating‐flutter‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (CAF‐TENG) with ultrahigh RMS current and average power density/portability is proposed. Because of the electron accumulation/discharge mechanism and electrical/mechanical flutter device design, the CAF‐TENG can generate an RMS voltage, RMS current, and average power density of 44 V, 36 mA, and 26 mW cm−3, respectively. The CAF‐TENG is optimized via quantitative electrical/mechanical analysis. CAF‐TENG can power an array of 2000 commercial LEDs continuously and charge high‐capacitance capacitors/commercial lithium batteries. Furthermore, as a practical application, a mask‐valve‐integrated CAF‐TENG is fabricated, which can power eight commercial lamps (5 W) continuously and operate a commercial Bluetooth tracker by charging a capacitor in a daily respiration scenario.
History and highlights of the teratological collection in theNarrenturm, Vienna (Austria)
Authors: Boer Lucas L. , Kircher Susanne Gerit , Rehder Helga , Behunova Jana , Winter Eduard , Ringl Helmut , Scharrer Anke , de Boer Elke , Oostra Roelof‐Jan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe collection of theNarrenturmin Vienna houses and maintains more than 50,000 objects including approximately 1200 teratological specimens; making it one of the biggest collections of specimens from human origin in Europe. The existence of this magnificent collection―representing an important resource for dysmorphology research, mostly awaiting contemporary diagnoses―is not widely known in the scientific community. Here, we show that theNarrenturmharbors a wealth of specimens with (exceptionally) rare congenital anomalies. These museums can be seen as physical repositories of human malformation, covering hundreds of years of dedicated collecting and preserving, thereby creating unique settings that can be used to expand our knowledge of developmental conditions that have to be preserved for future generations of scientists.
Comparison of the replication and neutralization of different SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron subvariants in vitro
Authors: Zhang Yaqing , Lv Qi , Qi Feifei , Li Fengdi , Deng Ran , Liang Xujian , Liu Mingya , Yan Yiwei , Bao Linlin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundNew Omicron subvariants are emerging rapidly from BA.1 to BA.4 and BA.5. Their pathogenicity has changed from that of wild‐type (WH‐09) and Omicron variants have over time become globally dominant. The spike proteins of BA.4 and BA.5 that serve as the target for vaccine‐induced neutralizing antibodies have also changed compared to the previous subvariants, which is likely to cause immune escape and the reduction of the protective effect of the vaccine. Our study addresses the above issues and provides a basis for formulating relevant prevention and control strategies.MethodsWe collected cellular supernatant and cell lysates and measured the viral titers, viral RNA loads, and E subgenomic RNA (E sgRNA) loads in different Omicron subvariants grown in Vero E6 cells, using WH‐09 and Delta variants as a reference. Additionally, we evaluated the in vitro neutralizing activity of different Omicron subvariants and compared it to the WH‐09 and Delta variants using macaque sera with different types of immunity.ResultsAs the SARS‐CoV‐2 evolved into Omicron BA.1, the replication ability in vitro began to decrease. Then with the emergence of new subvariants, the replication ability gradually recovered and became stable in the BA.4 and BA.5 subvariants. In WH‐09‐inactivated vaccine sera, geometric mean titers of neutralization antibodies against different Omicron subvariants declined by 3.7~15.4‐fold compared to those against WH‐09. In Delta‐inactivated vaccine sera, geometric mean titers of neutralization antibodies against Omicron subvariants declined by 3.1~7.4‐fold compared to those against Delta.ConclusionAccording to the findings of this research, the replication efficiency of all Omicron subvariants declined compared with WH‐09 and Delta variants, and was lower in BA.1 than in other Omicron subvariants. After two doses of inactivated (WH‐09 or Delta) vaccine, cross‐neutralizing activities against various Omicron subvariants were seen despite a decline in neutralizing titers.
The solid/porous compound wavy microchannel heat sinks with 45° secondary channel flow of thermo‐hydraulic performance
Authors: Nandy Ajoy Kumar , Balasubramanian Karthik 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNowadays, microchannel‐based cooling systems are one of the best heat exchangers to extract a huge amount of heat from miniature devices. In this present study, a 15‐μm thickness porous fin in solid/porous compound wavy (CWPF) with a 45° secondary channel (SC) heat sink has been investigated with a Reynolds number range of 50–300 and is compared with CWPF heat sinks. Fluid flow through porous fins is solved by Darcy–Forchheimer flow models, and the thermo‐hydraulic performance of microchannel heat sinks is solved a using finite volume approach. The walls and fins are made of copper, and the operating fluid is pure water. The significant impact on heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics has been discussed. The effect of SC/route width variations is examined. It is observed that as the width ratio (α) increases, both the Nusselt number and pressure drop significantly increase up to the width ratio of 3 and then decrease as it increases. This is due to the increased effective fluid mixing by the dean vortices through secondary flow at the crest and trough as well as permeation effect in the porous zone. The highest performance factor of 68.95% is measured for CWPF (45° SC) with a width ratio of 3 when compared with CWPF heat sinks. Hence, CWPF with SC flow has an ability to improve the cooling rate of micro‐electronics components.
Thermoplastic self‐healing polymer blends for structural composites: Development of polyamide 6 and cyclic olefinic copolymer blends
Authors: Perin D. , Dorigato A. , Pegoretti A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOne of the main limitations of high‐performance composite materials is failure due to fatigue crack propagation during service. Traditional repair methods can be expensive and time‐consuming. For this reason, the research in the field of self‐healing composites has considerably increased in the past decade. At this aim, this work is focused on the production of a polyamide 6 (PA6) matrix with self‐healing properties. Cyclic olefinic copolymer (COC) was selected as a healing agent and it was melt compounded with PA6. From scanning electron microscope micrographs, it was possible to highlight the immiscibility and the lack of interfacial adhesion between the constituents. The healing efficiency of the system was evaluated by comparing the blends' fracture toughness (KIC), both in quasi‐static and impact mode, before and after the healing process performed at 140°C by applying a pressure of 0.5 MPa. Through the addition of 30 wt% of COC, the fracture toughness of the virgin samples slightly decreased, passing from 2.3 MPa·m1/2 of neat PA6 to 2.1 MPa·m1/2. However, the presence of the 30 wt% of COC homogeneously distributed within the PA6 matrix led to a healing efficiency of 11% in quasi‐static mode and 35% in impact mode.
The pulmonary neuroepithelial body microenvironment represents an underestimated multimodal component in airway sensory pathways
Authors: Brouns Inge , Adriaensen Dirk , Timmermans Jean‐Pierre 
Published: February 2023

AbstractExciting new imaging and molecular tools, combined with state‐of‐the‐art genetically modified mouse models, have recently boosted interest in pulmonary (vagal) sensory pathway investigations. In addition to the identification of diverse sensory neuronal subtypes, visualization of intrapulmonary projection patterns attracted renewed attention on morphologically identified sensory receptor end‐organs, such as the pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) that have been our area of expertise for the past four decades. The current review aims at providing an overview of the cellular and neuronal components of the pulmonary NEB microenvironment (NEB ME) in mice, underpinning the role of these complexly organized structures in the mechano‐ and chemosensory potential of airways and lungs. Interestingly, the pulmonary NEB ME additionally harbors different types of stem cells, and emerging evidence suggests that the signal transduction pathways that are active in the NEB ME during lung development and repair also determine the origin of small cell lung carcinoma. Although documented for many years that NEBs appear to be affected in several pulmonary diseases, the current intriguing knowledge on the NEB ME seems to encourage researchers that are new to the field to explore the possibility that these versatile sensor‐effector units may be involved in lung pathogenesis or pathobiology.
Enhanced Cycling Stability of Lithium‐Rich Cathode Materials Achieved by in‐situ Formation of LiErO2 Coating
Authors: Wei Zhicheng , Zhang Da , Zhong Jianjian , Zheng Chaoliang , Feng Jiameng , Li Jianling 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLithium‐rich manganese‐based cathode materials are considered ideal for the next‐generation lithium‐ion power batteries due to their high specific capacity. However, their widespread commercial deployment has received serious limitations, such as low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE), severe voltage and capacity degradation. To solve these issues, the surface of Li‐rich layered oxide (LLO) material is uniformly coated with a layer of ternary lithium‐rare earth oxides LiErO2 by synchronous lithium strategy. The LiErO2‐coated material exhibits higher capacity retention of 83.79 % with 182.7 mAh g−1 compared with that of the pristine material, which retained 60.54 % with 144.1 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.5 C. The excellent electrochemical performance is owing to the high Li+ conductivity of the LiErO2 coating which enhanced the lithiation kinetics of the material, and X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) results indicate coating layer has abundant oxygen vacancies that facilitate reversible redox processes of oxygen. Meanwhile, the results of high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and XPS analyses of the materials after cycling shows the uniform coating can suppress the side reactions between the electrode and electrolyte during long‐term cycling, reduce the phase transition of the surface structure, and enhance interfacial stability. This work provides innovative ideas for the design of lithium‐rich cathode materials.
Are secondary effects of bisphosphonates on the vascular system of bone contributing to increased risk for atypical femoral fractures in osteoporosis?
Authors: Hart David A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOsteoporosis (OP) is a bone disease which affects a number of post‐menopausal females and puts many at risk for fractures. A large number of patients are taking bisphosphonates (BPs) to treat their OP and a rare complication is the development of atypical femoral fractures (AFF). No real explanations for the mechanisms underlying the basis for development of where AFF develop while on BPs has emerged. The present hypothesis will discuss the possibility that part of the risk for an AFF is a secondary effect of BPs on a subset of vascular cells in a genetically at‐risk population, leading to localized deregulation of the endothelial cell (EC)‐bone cell‐matrix units in nutrient channels/canals of the femur and increased risk for AFF. This concept of targeting ECs is consistent with location of AFF in the femur, the bilateral risk for occurrence of AFF, and the requirement for long term exposure to the drugs.
Emerging roles of circular RNAs in the invasion and metastasis of head and neck cancer: Possible functions and mechanisms
Authors: Tang Shouyi , Cai Luyao , Wang Zhen , Pan Dan , Wang Qing , Shen Yingqiang , Zhou Yu , Chen Qianming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHead and neck cancer (HNC) is the seventh most prevalent malignancy worldwide in 2020. Cancer metastasis is the main cause of poor prognosis in HNC patients. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs), initially thought to have no biological function, are attracting increasing attention, and their crucial roles in mediating HNC metastasis are being extensively investigated. Existing studies have shown that circRNAs primarily function through miRNA sponges, transcriptional regulation, interacting with RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) and as translation templates. Among these functions, the function of miRNA sponge is the most prominent. In this review, we summarized the reported circRNAs involved in HNC metastasis, aiming to elucidate the regulatory relationship between circRNAs and HNC metastasis. Furthermore, we summarized the latest advances in the epidemiological information of HNC metastasis and the tumor metastasis theories, the biogenesis, characterization and functional mechanisms of circRNAs, and their potential clinical applications. Although the research on circRNAs is still in its infancy, circRNAs are expected to serve as prognostic markers and effective therapeutic targets to inhibit HNC metastasis and significantly improve the prognosis of HNC patients.
Angiogenic inhibitor pre‐administration improves the therapeutic effects of immunotherapy
Authors: Sato Mineyoshi , Maishi Nako , Hida Yasuhiro , Yanagawa‐Matsuda Aya , Alam Mohammad Towfik , Sakakibara‐Konishi Jun , Nam Jin‐Min , Onodera Yasuhito , Konno Satoshi , Hida Kyoko 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn lung cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are often inadequate for tumor growth inhibition. Angiogenic inhibitors (AIs) are required to normalize tumor vasculature for improved immune cell infiltration. However, in clinical practice, ICIs and cytotoxic antineoplastic agents are simultaneously administered with an AI when tumor vessels are abnormal. Therefore, we examined the effects of pre‐administering an AI for lung cancer immunotherapy in a mouse lung cancer model. Using DC101, an anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) monoclonal antibody, a murine subcutaneous Lewis lung cancer (LLC) model was used to determine the timing of vascular normalization. Microvessel density (MVD), pericyte coverage, tissue hypoxia, and CD8‐positive cell infiltration were analyzed. The effects of an ICI and paclitaxel after DC101 pre‐administration were investigated. On Day 3, increased pericyte coverage and alleviated tumor hypoxia represented the highest vascular normalization. CD8+ T‐cell infiltration was also highest on Day 3. When combined with an ICI, DC101 pre‐administration significantly reduced PD‐L1 expression. When combined with an ICI and paclitaxel, only DC101 pre‐administration significantly inhibited tumor growth, but simultaneous administration did not. AI pre‐administration, and not simultaneous administration, may increase the therapeutic effects of ICIs due to improved immune cell infiltration.