bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of localized extreme heatwaves in the mid‐latitude atmosphere: A conceptual examination
Authors: Rostami Masoud , Severino Luca , Petri Stefan , Hariri Saeed 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the adjustment of large‐scale localized buoyancy anomalies in mid‐latitude regions and the nonlinear evolution of associated condensation patterns in both adiabatic and moist‐convective environments. This investigation is carried out utilizing the two‐layer idealized moist‐convective thermal rotating shallow water (mcTRSW) model. Our investigation reveals that the presence of a circular positive potential temperature anomaly in the lower layer initiates an anticyclonic high‐pressure rotation, accompanied by a negative buoyancy anomaly in the upper layer, resulting in an anisotropic northeast–southwest tilted circulation of heat flux. The evolution of eddy heat fluxes, such as poleward heat flux, energy, and meridional elongation of the buoyancy field, heavily depends on the perturbation's strength, size, and vertical structure. The heatwave initiates atmospheric instability, leading to precipitation systems such as rain bands and asymmetric latent heat release due to moist convection in a diabatic environment. This creates a comma cloud pattern in the upper troposphere and a comma‐shaped buoyancy anomaly in the lower layer, accompanied by the emission of inertia gravity waves. The southern and eastern sectors of the buoyancy anomaly show an upward flux, generating a stronger cross‐equatorial flow and inertia‐gravity waves in a southward and eastward direction. Furthermore, the simulations reveal a similar asymmetric pattern of total condensed liquid water content distribution, accompanied by the intensification of moist convection as rain bands. This intensification is more pronounced in barotropic structures than in baroclinic configurations with stagnant upper layers. This study highlights the importance of considering moist convection and its effects on atmospheric and oceanic flows in mid‐latitude regions, as well as the role of buoyancy anomalies in generating heatwaves and precipitation patterns.
Zebrafish embryonically exposed to valproic acid present impaired retinal development and sleep behavior
Authors: DeOliveira‐Mello Laura , Baronio Diego , Panula Pertti 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPrenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA), a drug widely used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder, is an environmental risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). VPA has been used to reproduce the core symptoms of ASD in animal model organisms, including zebrafish. Visual system functioning is essential in the interpretation of social conditions and plays an important role of several behavioral responses. We hypothesized that behavioral deficits displayed by ASD patients may involve impaired visual processing. We used zebrafish as model organism to investigate the visual system after embryonic exposure to VPA using histological, behavioral and gene expression analysis. We analyzed the pineal gland of zebrafish and sleep‐like behavior to study how VPA exposure alters photo‐sensibility of zebrafish. VPA‐exposed zebrafish showed a delay in the development of the retina and optic nerve, which normalized at five days post fertilization. At larval stage, VPA‐exposed zebrafish showed sleep disturbances associated with a reduced number of serotonin‐producing cells of the pineal gland. In addition, the number of hypocretin/orexin (hcrt) expressing neurons in the rostral hypothalamus at 6 and 14 days post fertilization was reduced. In conclusion, we demonstrated that although VPA exposure leads to a delay in visual system development, it does not affect larval visual function. The novel finding that VPA alters significantly cells involved in sleep regulation and the sleep‐like state itself may be relevant for understanding sleep disturbances in ASD patients.
Analysis of the main bioactive compounds from Ocimum basilicum for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity
Authors: Backiam Arockia Doss Susai , Duraisamy Senbagam , Karuppaiya Palaniyandi , Balakrishnan Senthilkumar , Sathyan Aswathy , Kumarasamy Anbarasu , Raju Amutha 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe interest in bioactives especially from botanicals to treat vancomycin‐resistant enterococcal (VRE) infections is increased. Many species of Ocimum have a long history in folk medicinal and food industries. Nevertheless, their bioactive compounds remain unexplored. This study is aimed to assess the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of basil leaf extract prepared using ethanol, methanol, and water. The ethanol and methanol extract have all the phytochemicals (alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, saponins, quinones, carbohydrates, and proteins) except steroids and terpenoids. In addition to steroids and terpenoids, tannin was also absent in the aqueous extract. Total phenolic and flavonoid content was high in ethanol and followed by methanol and aqueous extract. Similarly, ethanol and methanol extract showed strong antimicrobial activity against VRE and MTCC strains at a concentration of 20 mg/mL than aqueous extract. Among the 10 indicators, Staphylococcus aureus is highly susceptible to ethanol extract at a concentration of 8 mg/mL and followed by other MTCC strains. Vancomycin‐resistant enterococci pathogens were inhibited at the minimum inhibitory concentration of 14, 16, and 20 mg/mL of ethanol, methanol, and aqueous extract. Further, on the basis of determining the absorbing material (nucleic acid and protein) at 260 nm and scanning electron microscopic, it was confirmed that the loss of cell membrane integrity and cell membrane damage were the effective mechanisms of plant extract antimicrobial activity. All three solvents have shown remarkable antioxidant activity. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of basil leaves ethanol extract identified 19 compounds with various therapeutic and food applications.
Real‐world genomic testing and treatment patterns of newly diagnosed adult acute myeloid leukemia patients within a comprehensive health system
Authors: Byrd John C. , Gatz Jennifer L. , Louis Cynthia Lim , Mims Alice S. , Borate Uma , Yocum Ashley O. , Gana Theophilus J. , Burd Amy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the frequency of genomic testing and treatment patterns by age category in patients with newly diagnosed (ND) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated in both academic‐ and community‐based health systems within a single Midwestern State.MethodsRetrospective analysis of data from the Indiana University Health System Enterprise Data Warehouse and two local cancer registries, of 629 patients aged ≥18 years with ND AML during 2011–2018. Primary outcome variables were, proportion of patients with genomic analysis and frequency of mutations. Chemotherapy was categorized as “standard induction” or “other chemotherapy”/targeted therapy, and hypomethylating agents.ResultsOverall, 13% of ND AML patients between 2011 and 2018 had evidence of a genomic sequencing report with a demonstrated increase to 37% since 2016. Genomic testing was more likely performed in patients: aged ≤60 years than >60 years (45% vs. 30%; p = 0.03), treated in academic versus community hospitals (44% vs. 26%; p = 0.01), and in chemotherapy recipients than non‐therapy recipients (46% vs. 19%; p < 0.001). Most common mutations were ASXL1, NPM1, and FLT3. Patients ≥75 years had highest proportion (46%) of multiple (≥3) mutations. Overall, 31.2% of patients with AML did not receive any therapy for their disease. This subgroup was older than chemotherapy recipients (mean age: 71.4 vs. 55.7 years, p < 0.001), and was highest (66.2%) in patients ≥75 years.ConclusionsOur results highlight the unmet medical need to increase access to genomic testing to afford treatment options, particularly to older AML patients in the real‐world setting, in this new era of targeted therapies.
Early experience with percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty for treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture in Nepal: A case report
Authors: Thapa Paras , Bhattarai Madhur , Sharma Paudel Basanta , Sharma Prakash , Kunwar Pratiksha , Poudel Sushil , Koirala Saru , Pradhanang Amit , Klein Brendan J. , Farrokhi Farrokh 
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical MessageBalloon kyphoplasty is a promising treatment option for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with posterior cortical defect, offering pain relief, vertebral height restoration, and low risk of cement leakage.AbstractMillions of people worldwide suffer from osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) annually, which cause pain and functional limitations, particularly in the elderly. Conservative treatments such as pain management, rest, and medication are frequently used, while surgical options such as vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are considered. We present a case of 68‐year‐old female with vertebral compression fracture of L1 vertebra with posterior cortical defect and posterior wall retropulsion. She was treated successfully with balloon kyphoplasty. Kyphoplasty appears to be a better option than vertebroplasty in cases with posterior cortical defect due to lower chance of cement leakage.
Modification of Conductive Carbon with N‐Coordinated Fe−Co Dual‐Metal Sites for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Muthusamy Saravanakumar , Sabbah Amr , Sabhapathy Palani , Chang Yu‐Chung , Billo Tadesse , Syum Zeru , Chen Li‐Chyong , Chen Kuei‐Hsien 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEarth‐abundant commercial conductive carbon materials are ideal electrocatalyst supports but cannot be directly utilized for single‐atom catalysts owing to the lack of anchoring sites. Therefore, we employed crosslink polymerization to modify the conductive carbon surface with Fe−Co dual‐site electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). First, metal‐coordinated polyurea (PU) aerogels were prepared using via crosslinked polymerization at ambient temperature. Then, carbon‐supported, atomically dispersed Fe−Co dual‐atom sites (FeCoNC/BP) were formed by high‐temperatures pyrolysis with a nitrogen source. FTIR and 13C NMR measurements showed PU linkages, while 15N NMR revealed metal–nitrogen coordination in the PU gels. Asymmetric, N‐coordinated, and isolated Fe−Co active structures were found after pyrolysis using XAS and STEM. In alkaline media, FeCoNC/BP exhibited excellent ORR activity, with a E1/2 of 0.93 V vs. RHE, higher than that of Pt/C (20 %) (0.90 V), FeNC/BP (0.88 V), and CoNC/BP (0.85 V). An accelerated durability test (ADT) on FeCoNC/BP indicated good durability over 35000 cycles. FeCoNC/BP also showed moderate ORR and ADT performance in acidic media. The macro/mesoporous N‐doped carbon structures enhanced the mass transport properties of the dual Fe−Co active‐sites. Therefore, modifying carbon supports with nonprecious metal catalysts may be a cost‐effective‐strategy for sustained electrochemical energy conversion.
Exploring the Synergistic Effects of Dual‐Layer Electrodes for High Power Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Dawkins Jeremy I. G. , Pan Yani , Ghavidel Mohammadreza Z. , Geissler Johann , Krueger Bastian , Chhin Danny , Yuan Hui , Tong Victoria , Pelletier‐Villeneuve Brittany , Feng Renfei , Botton Gianluigi A. , Chapman Karena W. , Mauzeroll Janine , Schougaard Steen B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe electrification of the transport sector has created an increasing demand for lithium‐ion batteries that can provide high power intermittently while maintaining a high energy density. Given the difficulty in designing a single redox material with both high power and energy density, electrodes based on composites of several electroactive materials optimized for power or capacity are being studied extensively. Among others, fast‐charging LiFePO4 and high energy Li(NixMnyCoz)O2 are commonly employed in industrial cell manufacturing. This study focuses on comparing different approaches to combining these two active materials into a single electrode. These arrangements were compared using standard electrochemical (dis)charge procedures and using synchrotron X‐ray fluorescence to identify variations in solution concentration gradient formation. The electrochemical performance of the layered electrodes with the high‐power material on top is found to be enhanced relative to its blended electrode counterpart when (dis)charged at the same specific currents. These findings highlight dual‐layer lithium‐ion batteries as an inexpensive way of increasing energy and power density of lithium‐ion batteries as well as a model system to study and exploit the synergistic effects of blended electrodes.
Diphenylpyrrole‐Strapped Calix[4]pyrrole Extractant for the Fluoride and Chloride Anions
Authors: Jung Heo Nam , Lynch Vincent M. , Gross Dustin E. , Sessler Jonathan L. , Kuk Kim Sung 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe anion binding features of diphenylpyrrole‐strapped calix[4]pyrrole1have been investigated by means of1H NMR spectroscopy and ITC (isothermal titration calorimetry), as well as single crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses. Receptor1bearing an auxiliary pyrrolic NH donor and solubilizing phenyl groups on the strap was found to bind F−, Cl−, and Br−as their tetrabutylammonium salts with high affinity in DMSO‐d6. In addition, receptor1was found to extract the fluoride anion (as both its tetraethylammonium (TEA+) and tetrabutylammonium (TBA+) salts), as well as the chloride anion into chloroform‐dfrom an aqueous source phase. Cation metathesis using TBAI or the use of a dual host approach involving crown ethers enabled receptor1to extract simple alkali metal fluoride or chloride salts from water. Quantitative binding of NaF by receptor1was observed in 20 % D2O‐DMSO‐d6allowing for the direct determination of the NaF concentration in an unknown sample.
Synthesis of 2,3‐Diaminoindolesvia a Copper‐Iodine Co‐catalytic Strategy
Authors: Yu Wenhua , Zhang Yingying , Zhang Xiaoxiang , Gu Xiaoting , Qing Xirui , Wei Wanxing , Zhang Zhuan , Li Guanghua , Liang Taoyuan 
Published: August 2023

Comprehensive SummaryA one‐pot synthesis of vicinal diamines using indoles, azoles and phenothiazines in a tandem multi‐component reaction is developed. The utilization of a copper‐iodine co‐catalytic system enables the generation of a diverse range of vicinal diaminoindoles with good selectivity and moderate to good yields. An attractive aspect of this method is that it can be conducted under mild and environmentally friendly conditions, showcasing its potential as an alternative approach for synthesizing vicinal diamines. Moreover, the use of a multicomponent tandem reaction highlights the power and versatility of such strategies in synthetic chemistry.
Cathode materials for calcium‐ion batteries: Current status and prospects
Authors: Wu Yuhan , Zhao Ziqi , Hao Xiaorui , Xu Rui , Li Laishi , Lv Dan , Huang Xianglong , Zhao Qing , Xu Yang , Wu Yusheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the post‐lithium‐ion battery era, calcium‐ion batteries (CIBs) have aroused extensive attention because of their strong cost competitiveness, low standard redox potentials, and high safety. However, the related research is progressing slowly due to the constraints of the development of electrode materials. The large ionic radius of Ca2+ especially increases the challenge to design cathode materials for reversible Ca2+ uptake/removal. Despite the inspiring achievements, various challenges still need to be further resolved. Here, this review systematically summarizes the recent advances in CIB cathode materials, including Prussian blue and its analogues, metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, polyanionic compounds, and organic materials. We first provide a brief introduction to CIBs and compare their advantages with other battery technologies. Then, preparation methods are introduced, and breakthrough investigations are highlighted. Finally, some possible research directions are discussed to promote the development of this emerging battery technology.
Using social‐ecological models to explore stream connectivity outcomes for stakeholders and Yellowstone cutthroat trout
Authors: Jossie Elizabeth , Seaborn Travis , Baxter Colden V. , Burnham Morey 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite growing interest in conservation and re‐establishment of ecological connectivity, few studies have explored its context‐specific social–ecological outcomes. We aimed to explore social and ecological outcomes to changing stream connectivity for both stakeholders and native fish species impacted by habitat fragmentation and nonnative species. We (1) investigated stakeholder perceptions of the drivers and outcomes of stream connectivity, and (2) evaluated the effects of stakeholder‐identified connectivity and nonnative species scenarios on Yellowstone cutthroat trout (YCT) populations. Our study was conducted in the Teton River, Idaho, USA. We integrated two modeling approaches, mental modeling and individual‐based ecological modeling, to explore social–ecological outcomes for stakeholders and YCT populations. Aggregation of mental models revealed an emergent pattern of increasing complexity as more types of stakeholders were considered, as well as gaps and linkages among different stakeholder knowledge areas. These results highlight the importance of knowledge sharing among stakeholders when making decisions about connectivity. Additionally, the results from the individual‐based models suggested that the potential for a large, migratory life history form of YCT, in addition to self‐preference mating where they overlap with rainbow trout, had the strongest effects on outcomes for YCT. Exploring social and ecological drivers and outcomes to changing connectivity is useful for anticipating and adapting to unintended outcomes, as well as making decisions for desirable outcomes. The results from this study can contribute to the management dialogue surrounding stream connectivity in the Teton River, as well as to our understanding of connectivity conservation and its outcomes more broadly.
Metal–DNA interactions: Exploring the impact of metal ions on key stages of forensic DNA analysis
Authors: Bonsu Dan Nana Osei , Higgins Denice , Simon Claire , Henry Julianne M. , Austin Jeremy J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractForensic DNA analysis continues to be hampered by the complex interactions between metals and DNA. Metal ions may cause direct DNA damage, inhibit DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification or both. This study evaluated the impact of metal ions on DNA extraction, quantitation, and short tandem repeat profiling using cell‐free and cellular (saliva) DNA. Of the 11 metals assessed, brass exhibited the strongest PCR inhibitory effects, for both custom and Quantifiler Trio quantitation assays. Metal ion inhibition varied across the two quantitative PCR assays and the amount of DNA template used. The Quantifiler Trio internal PCR control (IPC) only revealed evidence of PCR inhibition at higher metal ion concentrations, limiting the applicability of IPC as an indicator of the presence of metal inhibitor in a sample. Notably, ferrous ions were found to significantly decrease the extraction efficiency of the DNA‐IQ DNA extraction system. The amount of DNA degradation and inhibition in saliva samples caused by metal ions increased with a dilution of the sample, suggesting that the saliva matrix provides protection from metal ion effects.
Comparison of Aripiprazole and Risperidone effectiveness in treating obsessive‐compulsive disorder in patients with bipolar disorder: Double‐blind, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Khorshidian Faezeh , Hamidia Angela , Kheirkhah Farzan , Moghadamnia Ali Akbar , Bijani Ali , Mirtabar Seyedeh Mahbobeh , Koutanaei Sakineh Javadian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundObsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental illness with a chronic coarse and waxing and waning of symptoms. Treatment of OCD in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) remains challenging.ObjectivesThe present study aims to compare the safety and effectiveness of Risperidone and Aripiprazole as adjunctive therapy with valproate sodium, in treating mania, depression, and OCD in patients with comorbidity of OCD‐BD.MethodsThis research is 3 phase, double‐blind, randomized clinical trial, with a total number of 64 patients. The diagnostic psychiatrist clinical interview was based on diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition (DSM‐5) criteria. For assessing severity of OCD, mania, and depression, Yale−Brown obsessive‐compulsive scale (Y‐BOCS), young mania rating scale (YMRS), and Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM‐D) scores were used. Patients were randomly assigned to the two parallel groups. All patients in both group were received valproate sodium, one group was treated with Aripiprazole and the other group was treated with Risperidon as adjective therapy with valproate sodium.The SPSS software (version 22), χ2 test, t‐test, and analysis of variance with repeated measures were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe dosage and time of both drugs were statistically significant in reducing the mean score of all three mentioned scales, but the effect of group was not statistically significant in HAM‐D and YMRS scores, only in terms of OCD, the mean of the Y‐BOCS score was significantly lower in the Aripiprazole group (p < 0.001). In relation to side effects, Risperidone induced statistically significant weight gain (p < 0.001) and Aripiprazole induced statistically significant sleep disturbance (p < 0.05).ConclusionsBoth Aripiprazole and Risperidone can be used effectively as adjunctive therapy with valproate sodium in treating OCD in patients with BD without any serious and life threatening adverse effect. Aripiprazole is more effective than Risperidone in treating OCD in BD.
Rheumatoid arthritis‐associated interstitial lung disease hotspots and future directions: A Web‐of‐Science based scientometric and visualization study
Authors: Yang Yue , Zhang Zixuan , Zhang Xieyu , Zhang Xinwen , Zhi Kai , Zhao Xin , Zhao Jiahe , Cao Wei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo identify new trends and potential hotspots in research on rheumatoid arthritis‐associated interstitial lung disease (RA‐ILD).Materials and MethodsThe Web of Science (WOS) database was used to search for RA‐ILD‐related literature published between August 31, 2002 and August 31, 2022. CiteSpace 6.1.R3, VOSviewer version 1.6.17, Scimago Graphica, and Pajek V2.0 visualization software were used to conduct a comprehensive analysis and network visualization mapping of the authors, countries, institutions, journals, cited references, and keywords.ResultsA total of 2412 articles were retrieved, and the number of articles published has grown annually since 2002. Eric L. Matteson was the most prolific author, and the Mayo Clinic and UNITED STATES have the highest publishing volume and influence. Clinical Rheumatology is the journal with the most papers published. Rheumatology was the most cited journal. The citation clusters and keywords concentrated on the mechanism, treatment, and predictive and prognostic factors.ConclusionPathogenesis, treatment, and predictive and prognostic factors were among the RA‐ILD research directions and hotspots. Antirheumatoid drugs, especially biologics and small molecule inhibitors, were among the most actively researched treatment options. The results of this study provides an in‐depth understanding of the development of RA‐ILD publications, aids researchers in understanding hotspots and trends and provides a new perspective for future RA‐ILD research.