bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Hydropower Generation potential of Arjo Dedessa Dam
Authors: Kishe Chimdesa Regasa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Hydropower has been developed to have a positive impact on the quality of life for rural residents in many ways. It offers a wide range of facilities, such as improved lighting, energy for small industries, schools, computer and communication service centers, and clinics. Ethiopia has constructed numerous dams for irrigation and water supply, yet these structures may have untapped potential for other purposes. One example of such a dam is the Arjo Dedessa Irrigation Dam located in western Ethiopia. Advanced optimization models have been developed to maximize the annual energy generation from the Arjo Dedessa Dam, while taking into account restrictions on water release for irrigation and ecological purposes, as well as the need to maintain maximum reservoir yield and storage capacity. The model was analyzed using LINGO software for different probabilities of mean annual inflow exceedance. Two scenarios for hydropower retrofitting were evaluated. The scenario of independent hydropower release with reservoir inflows at 50%, 75%, and 90% probabilities of exceedance results in a total annual hydropower output of 4.8 MW, 4.34 MW, and 0.99 MW, respectively. The matching values for the scenario of complementary hydropower release were 5.27 MW, 4.55 MW, and 1 MW, respectively. The study also measured the potential increase in the reservoir's live storage capacity to 1945.01 Mm3 by utilizing flood storage, which would allow for a maximum draft increase to 285.74 Mm3. With an upper limit on storage and draft, and reservoir inflows with probabilities of exceedance at 50%, 75%, and 90%, the hydropower production increased correspondingly to 6.51 MW, 4.54 MW, and 1.935 MW for the scenario of independent hydropower release arrangement. For the scenario of complimentary hydropower release, the hydropower production improved to 6.75 MW, 4.58 MW, and 1.94 MW respectively. The outcomes specify that the Arjo Dedessa Dam is appropriate for the production of hydroelectric power and that its generation potential is between 6.51 and 6.75 MW.
Influence of Kuroshio Extension Variability on the North Pacific Atmosphere and Pacific Decadal Precession
Authors: Silva E. Nishchitha S , Anderson Bruce T 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Recent research has revealed links between a quasi-decadal mode of climate variability over the North Pacific – the Pacific Decadal Precession (PDP) – and the North Pacific’s western boundary currents extension – the Kuroshio Extension (KE). It is suggested that on decadal time scales the PDP both responds to and influences the KE variability. A question yet to be answered is whether it is the large-scale or the mesoscale variations of the KE region that influence the overlying and downstream atmosphere and hence the PDP evolution. Using high-resolution sea surface temperature data (1981-2018) from the global ocean Operational Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Sea Ice Analysis, low resolution Extended Reconstructed SST (ERSST) version 3b data (1949-2018), geopotential height reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) we find that it is the large-scale variations in the KE region that correlate best with the overlying and downstream atmosphere instead of the mesoscale variations. In particular, the second mode of the large-scale KE region, which is characterized by warming (cooling) of the ocean south (north) of the KE, sets up a PDP-like north-south atmospheric pressure dipole over the North Pacific Ocean by altering the large-scale baroclinicity of the atmosphere and zonal intensification of a straight jet. In turn, there is a reduction in the zonal propagation of stationary wave energy and an enhancement of the climatological zonal wave heights over North America, which results in a downstream response over the North American continent and the formation of a subsequent east-west pressure dipole over the North Pacific and North American continent. As a result, there is a strong correlation between large-scale variations in the KE region and the evolution of the PDP over the next three years.
Lifted Antipodal Graviton Regularization from VEVs: Convergences plus Higgs-3-Gluons Duality
Authors: Maalouf Hani W. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A discrete skip operator, turning alternate to the Liouville theory, provides the link between the
Higgs and 3-gluons along a non-Gaussian Regularization for the Graviton based on indices. Such is
shown with factors from the Anti-podal Symmetry, plus its unambiguous renormalizable’ liftings.
That resolves, their so far abstract connection, via the MHV vertices.
The procedure relied on a small variation of an effective Lagrangian cosmological term
constant due to the rolling fluctuations, under a scalable Gauss-Bonnet Gravity. Verified, via
alternating, so convergent, expansion diagrams coefficients, containing Gluons and Higgs. Thus such
sorted feature plus its correlators from high dimensional operators pin out limits and analyticity for
the gravitational interactions.
Metallothionein gene deficiency facilitates the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts into slow-twitch myotubes
Authors: Kadota Yoshito , Yamanokuchi Ryo , Ohnishi Nodoka , Matsuoka Mami , Kawakami Takashige , Sato Masao , Suzuki Shinya 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Metallothionein (MT) 1 and 2 are ubiquitously expressed cysteine-rich, low molecular weight proteins. MT expression is upregulated in skeletal muscle during aging. MTs also play role in multiple types of skeletal muscle atrophy. Meanwhile, it has been reported that MT1 and MT2 gene deficiency increases myogenesis in MT knockout (MTKO) mice. However, little is known about the effect of MTs on muscle formation and atrophy. In this study, we investigated the effect of MT1 and MT2 gene knock-out using the CRISPR-Cas9 system in an in vitro skeletal muscle differentiation model (C2C12 cell line). MT deficiency promoted myogenic differentiation and myotube formation in C2C12 cells. Muscle-specific transcription factors MyoD and myogenin were found to be upregulated at the late stage of myotube differentiation inMTKO cells. Furthermore, the fast-twitch myosin heavy chain (MyHC) protein expression was similar in MTKO and mock-transfected myotubes, but slow-MyHC expression was higher in MTKO cells than in mock cells. The MT gene deletion did not affect the number of fast MyHC-positive myotubes but increased the number of slow MyHC-positive myotubes. Treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited the increase in the number of slow MyHC-positive myotubes as well as slow-MyHC expression in MTKO cells. In contrast, NAC treatment did not alter the number of fast MyHC-positive myotubes or the expression of fast-MyHC in MTKO cells. These results suggest that the antioxidant effects of MTs may be involved in slow-twitch myofiber formation in skeletal muscle.
A modified Michaelis-Menten equation estimates growth from birth to 3 years in healthy babies in the US
Authors: Walters William , Ley Catherine , Hastie Trevor , Ley Ruth , Parsonnet Julie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Standard pediatric growth curves cannot be used to impute missing height or weight measurements in individual children. The Michaelis-Menten equation, used for characterizing substrate-enzyme saturation curves, has been shown to model growth in many organisms including nonhuman vertebrates. We investigated this equation could be used to interpolate missing growth data in children in the first three years of life.
Methods: We developed a modified Michaelis-Menten equation and compared expected to actual growth, first in a local birth cohort (N=97) then in a large, outpatient, pediatric sample (N=14,695).
Results: The modified Michaelis-Menten equation showed excellent fit for both infant weight (median RMSE: boys: 0.22kg [IQR:0.19; 90%<0.43]; girls: 0.20kg [IQR:0.17; 90%<0.39]) and height (median RMSE: boys: 0.93cm [IQR:0.53; 90%<1.0]; girls: 0.91cm [IQR:0.50;90%<1.0]). Growth data were modeled accurately with as few as four values from routine well-baby visits in year 1 and seven values in years 1-3; birth weight or length was essential for best fit.
Conclusions: A modified Michaelis-Menten equation accurately describes growth in healthy babies aged 0-36 months, allowing interpolation of missing weight and height values in individual longitudinal measurement series. The growth pattern in healthy babies in resource-rich environments mirrors an enzymatic saturation curve.
adgrl3.1-deficient zebrafish show noradrenaline-mediated externalizing behaviors, and altered expression of externalizing disorder-candidate genes, suggesting functional targets for treatment
Authors: Parker Matthew , Fontana Barbara , Reichmann Florian , Tiley Ceinwen , Lavalou Perrine , Shkumatava Alena , Alnassar Nancy , Hillman Courtney , Karlsson Karl , Norton William 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Externalising disorders (ED) are a cause of concern for public health, and their high heritability make genetic risk factors a priority for research. Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptor L3 (ADGRL3) is strongly linked to several EDs, and loss-of-function models have shown impacts of this gene on several core ED-related behaviors. For example, adgrl3.1−/− zebrafish show high levels of hyperactivity. However, our understanding of the mechanisms by which this gene influences behavior is incomplete. Here we characterized, for the first time, externalizing behavioral phenotypes of adgrl3.1−/− zebrafish and found them to be highly impulsive, show boldness in a novel environment, have attentional deficits, and show high levels of hyperactivity. All of these phenotypes were rescued by atomoxetine, demonstrating noradrenergic mediation of the externalizing effects of adgrl3.1. Transcriptomic analyses of the brains of adgrl3.1−/− vs wild type fish revealed several differentially expressed genes and enriched gene clusters that were independent of noradrenergic manipulation. This suggests new putative functional pathways underlying ED-related behaviors, and potential targets for the treatment of ED.
Greedy Knot Selection Algorithm for Restricted Cubic Spline Regression
Authors: Arnes Jo Inge , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Horsch Alexander , Braaten Tonje 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Non-linear regression modeling is common in many fields for prediction purposes or estimating
relationships between predictor and response variables. For example, restricted cubic spline
regression can model non-linear relationships as third-order polynomials joined at knot points.
The standard approach is to place knots by a regular sequence of quantiles between the outer
boundaries. A regression curve can easily be fitted to the sample using a relatively high number
of knots. The problem is then overfitting, where a regression model has a good fit to the
given sample but does not generalize well to other samples. A low knot count is therefore preferred.
However, the standard knot selection process can lead to underperformance in the sparser
regions of the predictor variable, especially when using a low number of knots. It can also
lead to overfitting in the denser regions. We present a simple greedy search algorithm using
a backward method for knot selection that shows reduced prediction error and Bayesian information
criterion (BIC) scores compared to the standard knot selection process in simulation
experiments. We have implemented the algorithm as part of an open-source R-package, knutar.
Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress and their risk and protective factors among secondary students in Rwanda during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic.
Authors: Mukantwali Marie Bienvenue , Bugenimana Athanasie , Niyonsenga Japhet , Kanyamanza Claudine , Mutabaruka Jean 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Compelling evidence shows that the COVID-19 pandemic has detrimental effects on the mental health of university students. However, little is known about the psychological distress experienced by students from high schools during the pandemic. This study, therefore, sought to examine the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress and their associated factors among students from high schools in Rwanda.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 students selected from high schools. Data were collected using standardized measures of mental disorders and their associated factors. Bivariate and multivariate analyses based on the odds ratio were used to indicate the associated factors of anxiety, depression, and stress.
Results
The results indicated that slightly above half of the participants (51%, n = 195) had clinically significant symptoms of depression, 30.3% (n = 116) had stress and 67.3% (n = 259) had anxiety. The most common associated risk factors were domestic violence, the existence of some symptoms of COVID-19 such as cough and myalgia, co-morbidities between depression, anxiety and stress, religion, being female and direct contact with the people who positively tested covid-19. However, awareness of Covid-19, positive mental health, social support, being in the third Ubudehe category, and high resilience score were protective factors against depression, anxiety, and stress in this study sample.
Conclusion
Our findings highlighted a high prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among students from secondary schools. Interestingly, this study also revealed the associated risk and protective factors of depression, anxiety, and stress in Rwandan students in high schools. Therefore, mental health interventions targeting the impact of COVID-19 on students, as young people are needed.
Indigenous and local knowledge in the vulnerability of smallholder farmers to climate variability and change in Chiredzi, Zimbabwe
Authors: Zvobgo Luckson , Odoulami Romaric C. , Johnston Peter , Simpson Nicholas P. , Trisos Christopher H. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Africa is highly vulnerable to climate change, with Indigenous peoples and smallholder farmers being among the most vulnerable. However, there is limited understanding of how Indigenous knowledge (IK) and local knowledge (LK) can reduce or contribute to smallholder farmers’ vulnerability and the conditions under which they can effectively reduce overall climate risk. This is partly because IK and LK are often excluded from vulnerability assessments. Therefore, we developed a locally calibrated Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) that integrates IK and LK as one of the pathways to assess the vulnerability of smallholder farmers to climate variability and change in Chiredzi, Zimbabwe. A cross-sectional survey of 100 smallholder farmers was conducted to understand their perceptions, household-level sensitivity, exposure, and adaptative capacity. Analysis of local climate data (1972–2021) showed a delayed onset of the rainy season for sorghum and maize and increased mean maximum annual temperatures—important changes in local climate that align with changes perceived by smallholder farmers and affect their exposure and livelihoods. Farmers with IK and LK had a higher adaptive capacity and lower vulnerability than farmers with no IK and LK. Farmers with IK and LK reduced their vulnerability (LVI = 0.379) by using IK and LK weather and seasonal forecasts to make climate-informed decisions that improved food and livelihood strategies compared to farmers with no IK and LK (LVI = 0.412). Farmers with IK and LK diversify the number of crops they plant and implement more crop adaptation responses, thereby diversifying the risk of crop failure and reducing food shortage. Although Indigenous peoples and local communities including smallholder farmers are generally highly vulnerable, this study shows that IK and LK can reduce absolute and relative vulnerability, thus highlighting the important role of IK and LK in reducing smallholder farmers’ livelihood vulnerability by improving their adaptive capacity.
Construction of the indicator framework for vaccine inclusion of routine immunization program: A Delphi-entropy method study
Authors: Wang Qing , Dai Peixi , Jia Mengmeng , Jiang Mingyue , Li Juan , Yang Weizhong , Feng Luzhao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
With more and more new vaccines being developed and flooding the market, governments must decide which priority to include in public health programs. Many WHO-recommended vaccines were slow to be included into national and local routine immunization in China. We aimed to construct a comprehensive vaccine evaluation indicator framework to provide a basis for more WHO-recommended vaccines to be included in public health program.
Methods
We developed an indicator pool for vaccine inclusion in routine immunization through experts' consultation, literature review, and group discussion. The modified Delphi method was applied to consult 22 experts in the field of vaccines with different specialties twice to optimize the systems for inclusion at the national, provincial, municipal, and county administrative levels, each containing three-level indicator. The indicator weights at the hierarchical levels were determined subjectively and objectively through the multiplication of experts' scores and entropy weighting method.
Results
A total of 4 primary indicators, 17 secondary indicators, and 45 tertiary indicators were selected, which covered vaccine-preventable diseases, candidate vaccines, and social drivers on the supply and demand sides. From a subjective perspective, there was no significant difference in the weight shares of primary and secondary indicators at national, provincial, municipal, and county levels. Vaccine-preventable diseases were the priority primary indicators for inclusion. The consideration of health burden had a greater weight in the secondary indicators. From the objective perspective, the social drivers on the supply and demand sides of the primary indicators accounted for a total weighting of 65% and above. Among the secondary indicators, the candidate vaccine characteristics and vaccine-related policies on the supply side carried weights of 8% or more at both national and provincial levels. Regional demographic characteristics (13.495) and vaccine price (8.292) have prominent weights at the municipal level. The inclusion experience in other regions (10.850) held top weight as well at the county level.
Conclusions
The study indicates that China needs to have a different focus when considering the inclusion of WHO-recommended vaccines at the national, provincial, municipal, and county levels, and that social drivers are emerging as important indicators to be concerned about. The system will provide a tool for subsequent policy makers to determine the inclusion priority of candidate vaccines.
Visual efficacy after implantation of monofocal intraocular lens on one eye and higher-order aspheric IOL on the other eye
Authors: So Ha Rim , Suh Hyun , Na Kyung Sun , Hwang Ho Sik , Kim Hyun Seung , Kim Eun Chul 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: To compare clinical results after cataract surgery with Tecnis® Eyhance ICB00 and Tecnis® monofocal ZCB00 intraocular lenses in the same patient.
Setting: Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic University of Korea.
Design: Retrospective review.
Method: 112 eyes of 56 patients underwent intraocular lens implantation using Eyhance ICB00 and monofocal ZCB00 in the same patient from April 2020 to February 2022. Pre-operative uncorrected visual acuity, post-operative far, intermediate, and near uncorrected visual acuity, and depth of focus were analyzed. Satisfaction and discomfort after cataract surgery were investigated by conducting a questionnaire survey.
Results: There was no significant difference in the values between Eyhance ICB00 and monofocal ZCB00 groups before surgery. At two months postoperatively, the monofocal ZCB00 group had significantly higher distance visual acuity than the Eyhance ICB00 group. At one week, one month, and two months after surgery, the intermediate distance visual acuity was significantly higher in the Eyhance ICB00 group than in the monofocal ZCB00 group. There was no significant difference in near visual acuity between the two groups at one week or one month after surgery. In the survey conducted, most patients answered that their daily activities were not limited by their vision or glare.
Conclusion: Inserting a high-aberration aspheric intraocular lens(IOL) at one eye rather than inserting a monofocal IOL in both eyes is better for improving distance and intermediate vision. In addition, there is no discomfort in daily life in patients with Eyhance ICB00 inserted into one eye and monofocal IOL into another eye.
Assessing GPT-4’s Role as a Co-Collaborator in Scientific Research: A Case Study Analyzing Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity
Authors: Bryant Steven 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates GPT-4’s role as a research partner, particularly its ability to scrutinize complex theories like Einstein’s Special Relativity Theory (SRT). GPT-4’s advanced capabilities prove invaluable in complex research scenarios where human expertise might be limited. Despite initial biases, an inclination to uphold Einstein’s theory, and certain mathematical limitations, GPT-4 validated an inconsistency within the SRT equations, leading to a questioning of the theory's overall validity. GPT-4 contributed significantly to honing the analytical approach and expanding constraints. This paper explores the strengths and challenges associated with the use of GPT-4 in scientific research, with a strong emphasis on the need for vigilance concerning potential biases and limitations in large language models. The paper further introduces a categorization framework for AI collaborations, and specific guidelines for optimal interaction with advanced models like GPT-4. Future research endeavors should focus on augmenting these models’ precision, trustworthiness, and impartiality, particularly within complex or contentious research domains.
Position Error-Free Control of Magnetic Domain-Wall Devices via Spin-Orbit Torque Modulation
Authors: Lee Seong-Hyub , Kim Myeonghoe , Whang Hyun-Seok , Nam Yune-Seok , Choe Sug-Bong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Magnetic domain-wall devices such as racetrack memory and domain-wall shift registers facilitate massive data storage as hard disk drives with low power portability as flash memory devices. Here, the key issue to be addressed is how perfectly the domain-wall motion can be controlled without deformation, as it can replace the mechanical motion of hard disk drives. However, such domain-wall motion in real media is subject to the stochasticity of thermal agitation with quenched disorders, resulting in severe deformations with pinning and tilting. Herein, we propose a new concept of domain-wall control with a position error-free scheme. The primary idea involves spatial modulation of the sign of the spin-orbit torque along nanotrack devices. The domain wall is then locked at the modulation boundary by the compression forces from both sides under current injection. Unidirectional unlocking can be achieved based on the broken inversion symmetry of the modulation boundary geometry. The validity of the proposed scheme is confirmed via a micromagnetic simulation and experiments. In the experiments, devices with periodic modulation are observed to demonstrate position error-free operation over the entire observation range for microscale and nanoscale devices. Thus, the present error-free scheme provides the final missing puzzle in magnetic domain-wall device development.