bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical considerations of field penetration index model and its application in TBM performance prediction
Authors: Feng Shangxin , Wang Shanyong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractField penetration index (FPI) is a representative key indicator for tunnel boring machine (TBM) performance estimation, however its application in real tunneling projects is still limited because of the lack of some theoretical knowledge on the relationships between FPI, rock mass properties, and TBM specifications. This study aims to establish a theoretical FPI model by analyzing the tool–rock interaction of disc cutters from a theoretical perspective. This was first done by comparison of the tool–rock interaction of the disc cutter with that of the polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit, which indicated that they share similar rock breakage mechanisms and force equilibrium. A series of cutting tests were then conducted on granite, marble, and limestone to determine the relationship between rotary torque and applied thrust during the rock cutting. Referring to the test results and tool–rock interaction features of the PDC bit and disc cutter, a theoretical FPI model of the disc cutter was derived and verified using the field TBM performance dataset. It was found that the rotary torque was linearly correlated with the thrust but independent of the rotation speed during the rock cutting. In addition to the machine specifications’ contribution, rock mass parameters and abrasiveness purely control this linear relationship. The theoretical FPI model proved that FPI shows a strong positive linear relationship with rock mass properties (uniaxial compressive strength and rock integrity), even under different drilling conditions, providing a theoretical basis for empirical FPI model establishment. Therefore, in practical engineering, it is recommended to use multi-parameter rock mass classification system values—such as rock structure rating (RSR), rock mass rating (RMR), and tunneling quality index(Q)—instead of individual rock mass properties —such as uniaxial compressive strength, to establish or update semiempirical FPI models.
Associations between serum vitamin D status and the cardiometabolic profile of patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Georgoulis Michael , Kontogianni Meropi D. , Kechribari Ioanna , Tenta Roxane , Fragopoulou Elizabeth , Lamprou Kallirroi , Perraki Eleni , Vagiakis Emmanouil , Yiannakouris Nikos 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) frequently coexist. Low serum vitamin D has been positively associated with OSA presence and severity; however, data on its link to cardiometabolic features in patients with OSA remain scarce. We aimed to assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and explore its association with cardiometabolic parameters in OSA.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study among 262 patients (49 ± 9 years old, 73% men) with polysomnography-diagnosed OSA. Participants were evaluated in terms of anthropometric indices, lifestyle habits, blood pressure, biochemical, plasma inflammatory and urinary oxidative stress markers, and the presence of MetS. Serum 25(OH)D was assessed by chemiluminescence, and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) was defined as 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL.

Results
Median (1st, 3rd quartile) serum 25(OH)D levels were 17.7 (13.4, 22.9) ng/mL and 63% of participants had VDD. Serum 25(OH)D correlated negatively with body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and urinary oxidized guanine species (oxG), and positively with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all P < 0.050). In logistic regression analysis, serum 25(OH)D was associated with lower odds of MetS [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.94 (0.90–0.98)], after adjustment for age, sex, season of blood sampling, Mediterranean diet score, physical activity, smoking, apnea–hypopnea index, HOMA-IR, hsCRP, and oxG. In the same multivariate model, VDD was associated with ~ twofold greater odds of MetS [2.39 (1.15, 4.97)].

Conclusion
VDD is highly prevalent and is associated with a detrimental cardiometabolic profile among patients with OSA.
Assessing rural households’ biomass consumption patterns in three Upazilas in Khulna district of Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas Rahul , Sharmin Arifa , Ashaduzzaman Md. , Islam Md. Akramul 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn developing countries, rural households instinctively burn huge amounts of biomass fuel, which has become a concern at present. In this study, an attempt has been made to assess the consumption pattern of biomass fuel in relation to socio-economic factors in rural households in the three upazilas (subdistricts) in Khulna district of Bangladesh. The consumption pattern of biomass fuel was assessed by multistage random sampling techniques with a semi-structured questionnaire. The study revealed that households incorporate a variety of fuel sources, of which 97% use various types of biomass fuel, e.g., firewood, leaves and twigs, coconut shell and coir, crop residues, cow dung, etc. The average monthly household biomass fuel consumption was 193 kg, with a monthly expenditure of 5.86 USD. The largest share of biomass fuel was derived from firewood, which amounted to 105 kg per month. The middle income group and Kacha (clay) type households consume more biomass than other types of households. The major sources of biomass fuel were found in their home gardens and agricultural lands. These biomass fuels are mainly used for domestic cooking, and most of the households in the study area used general stoves. Among commonly available species, ten firewood species were identified as the most preferred by the majority of households in the study area. Insights from our research may be utilized to promote accessibility to clean energy for households in Bangladesh and other countries alike.
Rapid assessment of vessel noise events and quiet periods in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve using a convolutional neural net
Authors: Haver Samara M. , Gustafson Kyle B. , Gabriele Christine M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Patterns of underwater human-generated noise events and durations of noise-free intervals (NFIs) are soundscape metrics that can potentially affect animal communication and behavior. Due to the arduous task of manual analysis, these metrics have not been described in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve (GBNP). To surmount this challenge, we created a machine-learning (ML) model trained on 18 hr of labeled audio samples from a hydrophone operating in GBNP since 2000. The validated convolutional neural net transfer-learning model (GBNP-CNN) was used to classify several categories of sound sources in nearly 9,000 hours of data from the same hydrophone, enabling our study of vessel noise between 2017 and 2020. We focused on the occurrence and duration of NFI and the hourly proportion (HP) of vessel noise. As expected, shorter NFI and higher HP were found during daytime hours. The GBNP-CNN F1 score was 75%, largely due to the model’s confusion of vessel noise with harbor seal roars. Therefore, NFI lengths should be considered minimum estimates, but the errors do not qualitatively affect diurnal or seasonal patterns. In 2018, mean daytime NFI during peak tourism months (June–August) was less than half the duration compared to May and September (1.3 min vs. 2.9 min). In 2020, when large-vessel tourism was substantially reduced but small-craft activity continued, we found that HP decreased in June–August. In conjunction with other soundscape metrics, monitoring NFI trends using ML models such as GBNP-CNN will provide crucial information for management and conservation of acoustic habitats and sensitive species in GBNP.
Cross-linguistic differences in predicting L2 sentence structure: The use of categorical and gradient verb constraints
Authors: Şafak Duygu F. , Hopp Holger 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study investigates whether cross-linguistic differences affect how adult second language (L2) learners use different types of verb subcategorization information for prediction in real-time sentence comprehension. Using visual world eye-tracking, we tested if first language (L1) German and L1 Turkish intermediate-to-advanced learners of L2 English make use of categorical and gradient probabilistic selectional information of ditransitive verbs to predict whether the verbs would be followed by prepositional-object or double-object dative constructions. L1 German learners used both categorical (“pay/*donate the woman the money”) and gradient (“pay/#send the woman the money”) constraints for prediction in a target-like manner. In contrast, L1 Turkish learners were delayed in recruiting categorical verb information and were only selectively sensitive to gradient verb information. We argue that target-like predictive processing across categorical and gradient verb information is attainable for L2 learners, but differences in L1-L2 word order may curtail the utility of prediction by verb subcategorization information in L2 processing.
Deployment of the French Civil Protection Field Hospital (ESCRIM) in Gölbaşi, Turkey after the February 2023 Earthquake: Lessons Learned
Authors: Kedzierewicz Romain , Couret Anthony , Cazes Nicolas , Süsler Alizée , Arvieux Catherine , Arnaud Isabelle , Agopian Philippe , Boutillier-du-Retail Cédric , Travers Stéphane , Aydin Mehmet Emin , Pourret Didier , Bancarel Jérôme 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFollowing the two earthquakes that occurred in Turkey on February 6, 2023 with magnitudes of 7.8 and 7.5, causing over 50,000 deaths and 100,000 injuries, France proposed to deploy, via the European Union Civil Protection Mechanism (EUCPM), the French Civil Protection Field Hospital (ESCRIM [Élément de Sécurité Civile Rapide d’Intervention Médicale]): the French World Health Organization (WHO)-classified Emergency Medical Team (EMT) Level 2 (EMT2).After the acceptance from Turkey on February 8, a disaster assessment team (DAT) was sent on February 10, 2023. It was decided, with local health authorities (LHA), to set up the field hospital in Gölbaşi, Adiyaman Province where the State Hospital was closed due to a structural risk.Arriving in Gölbaşi on February 13 at 2:00am in -12°C (10°F) temperatures, the detachment had no choice but to begin setting up the base of operation (BoO). At dawn, the cold was so intense that one doctor suffered from frostbite. Once the BoO was installed, the team set up the hospital tents. From 11:00am, the sun melted the snow and the ground became very muddy. The objective being to open the hospital as soon as possible, installation of the hospital continued, and it opened on February 14 at 12:00pm/noon, less than 36 hours after on-site arrival.This article describes the mechanics of setting up an EMT-2 in a cold climate, the many problems encountered, and the solutions imagined and proposed.
India, the United Nations Human Rights Commission, and the 1979 Virginity Testing Scandal
Authors: Parekh Jinal , Datta Antara 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article looks at India’s complaint at the United Nations Human Rights Commission in 1979 about the ‘virginity test’ performed on a migrant Indian woman at Heathrow. It examines the use of arguments about race and racial discrimination by India to compel Britain to discuss immigration on a bilateral basis. The article argues that the pivot to a race-based argument was deliberately patriarchal and India’s main concern in these negotiations was the impending British Nationality Act of 1981, which would prevent men from moving to Britain in search of an overseas wife. Using the virginity testing scandal, the article re-examines the changing role of discourses about race in postcolonial institutions of global governance.
Design and analysis of planar four-port UWB-MIMO antenna with band-rejection capability
Authors: Kaur Harleen , Singh Hari Shankar , Upadhyay Rahul 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis manuscript presents a 50 Ω microstrip-fed quad-element high isolated ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with band-notched characteristics. The overall area of the proposed structure is 0.33λo × 0.33λo mm2 (where λo depicts the free space wavelength corresponding to the lower cutoff frequency, i.e. 2.54 GHz), etched on an FR-4 substrate of thickness 0.8 mm. The top layer has four semicircular disc-shaped radiating elements that are identical and orthogonal to obtain better inter-element isolation and compactness. A reverse two-shaped slot is etched onto the radiating patches to attain a band-rejection capability. Moreover, a decoupling structure is also placed at the top layer to suppress the unwanted surface waves. The bottom layer consists of a ground plane, which is further modified with quasi-self complementary and meandered line slots. A rectangular slot is also etched below the feed line to better match the impedance near the lower cutoff frequencies. The simulated reflection coefficients (S11) of the proposed antenna are less than −10 dB over 2.54 to 10.74 GHz frequencies except at 3.37 to 4.15 GHz (WiMAX/C band), and the simulated inter-port isolation (S21) is greater than −15 dB over the entire UWB range of frequencies (3.1 to 10.6 GHz). Also, the measured S-parameter results well agreed with the simulated ones. Furthermore, the simulation study of the 20-element UWB-MIMO antenna is also investigated using the proposed quad-element structure.
Boron and Molybdenum Isotope Evidence for Source‐Controlled Compositional Diversity of Cenozoic Granites in the Eastern Tethyan Himalaya
Authors: Fan Jing‐Jing , Wang Qiang , Wei Gang‐Jian , Li Jie , Ma Lin , Zhang Xiu‐Zheng , Jiang Zi‐Qi , Ma Jin‐Long , Zhou Jin‐Sheng , Li Qi‐Wei , Wang Zi‐Long , Liu Xiao , Huang Tong‐Yu , Zhang Miao‐Yan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe origins of Cenozoic granites in the Himalaya are key to understanding the evolution of the Himalayan orogen. However, it is unclear whether these granites represent primary melts, and the nature of their magma source is controversial. Here, we present a systematic element and Sr–Nd–B–Mo isotope study of Cenozoic granites from the Yardoi area in the eastern Tethyan Himalaya, China. These granites can be divided into two groups: mid‐Eocene porphyritic two‐mica granites with low SiO2 contents (65.9−69.6 wt.%) and adakitic geochemical signatures, and mid‐Eocene to Miocene equigranular granites with high SiO2 contents (71.6−75.5 wt.%). The high‐SiO2 granites (HSG) have similar Sr−Nd isotope compositions to the low‐SiO2 granites (LSG), but they have distinct δ11B values of −19.4‰ to −11.4‰ and −10.6‰ to −6.89‰. This indicates that the two groups have different sources, with the LSG derived by partial melting dominantly of metamafic rocks at thickened lower crustal conditions, and the HSG generated by partial melting of the mid‐crust metasedimentary rocks with less enriched Nd isotope compositions. The δ98/95Mo of the LSG and HSG are highly variable with values of −0.68‰ to 0.12‰ and −1.13‰ to 0.46‰, respectively. δ11B values of the HSG correlate positively with δ98/95Mo and Sr/Y values and correlate negatively with K2O, Rb, Zr, and Rb/Sr, reflecting the addition of external metamorphic fluids during anatexis of the metapelites. The B–Mo isotope data robustly suggest source‐controlled compositional diversity of the Himalayan granites, which could provide clues to the physical and geochemical responses during the evolution of a large orogen.
North American Monsoon Impacts Southern California's Coastal Low Clouds
Authors: Clemesha Rachel E. S. , Iacobellis Sam F. , Gershunov Alexander , Cayan Daniel R. , Small Ivory J. , Cavazos Tereza 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLow‐level stratiform clouds modulate California's coastal climate during the warm season. Previous work describing the seasonal and daily variability of coastal low cloudiness (CLC) suggests that in July, August, and September southern California's CLC is under the influence of an additional driver, which has less impact in northern California. In this work, we introduce the link in which free‐tropospheric moisture dictated by North American Monsoon (NAM) processes can impact southern California CLC. We use in situ and remote sensing observations, as well as reanalysis and single column model simulations to identify and investigate this previously missing component. We find that monsoonal moisture advected by southeasterly flow from the core NAM region into southern California reduces CLC by diminishing cloud‐top longwave cooling. To add to an already complex brew of known factors influencing coastal cloudiness, another one is hereby introduced and should be accounted for in future work.
Snow Suppresses Seismic Signals From Steamboat Geyser
Authors: Reed Mara H. , Manga Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGeyser and volcano monitoring suffer from temporal, geographic, and instrumental biases. We present a recording bias identified through multiyear monitoring of Steamboat Geyser in Yellowstone National Park, USA. Eruptions of Steamboat are the tallest of any geyser in the world and they produce broadband signals at two nearby stations in the Yellowstone National Park Seismograph Network. In winter, we observe lower eruption signal amplitudes at these seismometers. Instead of a source effect, we find that environmental conditions affect the recorded signals. Lower amplitudes for 23–45 Hz frequencies are correlated with greater snow depths at the station 340 m away from Steamboat, and we calculate an energy attenuation coefficient of 0.21 ± 0.01 dB per cm of snow. More long‐term monitoring is needed at geysers to track changes over time and identify recording biases that may be missed during short, sporadic studies.
Improved Characterization of Ultralow‐Velocity Zones Through Advances in Bayesian Inversion of ScP Waveforms
Authors: Pachhai Surya , Thorne Michael S. , Rost Sebastian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUltralow‐velocity zones (ULVZs) have been studied using a variety of seismic phases; however, their physical origin is still poorly understood. Short period ScP waveforms are extensively used to infer ULVZ properties because they may be sensitive to all ULVZ elastic moduli and thickness. However, ScP waveforms are additionally complicated by the effects of path attenuation, coherent noise, and source complexity. To address these complications, we developed a hierarchical Bayesian inversion method that allows us to invert ScP waveforms from multiple events simultaneously and accounts for path attenuation and correlated noise. The inversion method is tested with synthetic predictions which show that the inclusion of attenuation is imperative to recover ULVZ parameters accurately and that the ULVZ thickness and S‐wave velocity decrease are most reliably recovered. Utilizing multiple events simultaneously reduces the effects of coherent noise and source time function complexity, which in turn allows for the inclusion of more data to be used in the analyses. We next applied the method to ScP data recorded in Australia for 291 events that sample the core‐mantle boundary beneath the Coral Sea. Our results indicate, on average, ∼12‐km thick ULVZ with ∼14% reduction in S‐wave velocity across the region, but there is a greater variability in ULVZ properties in the south than that in the north of the sampled region. P‐wave velocity reductions and density perturbations are mostly below 10%. These ScP data show more than one ScP post‐cursor in some areas which may indicate complex 3‐D ULVZ structures.
Proteinaceous Matter in PM2.5 in Suburban Guiyang, Southwestern China: Decreased Importance in Long‐Range Transport and Atmospheric Degradation
Authors: Lin Xi , Xu Yu , Zhu Ren‐Guo , Xiao Hong‐Wei , Xiao Hua‐Yun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProteinaceous matter (PrM) is a substantial constituent in bioaerosols. However, the sources and atmospheric processes of PrM remain large uncertainties. The characterizations, sources, and potential atmospheric processes of free amino acids (FAAs) and combined amino acids (CAAs) were investigated via a set of 1‐year fine particle (PM2.5) samples collected in suburban Guiyang (a hilly basin area in Southwest China). The annual average concentrations of FAAs and CAAs were 156.31 ± 41.52 and 315.36 ± 147.66 ng m−3, respectively. The dominant FAA and CAA species were proline, which was different from previous observations with glycine as a major species. The results indicated that the sources or atmospheric processes of aerosol PrM at this study site were different from previous observations in the urban and suburban areas. The analysis of AA‐nitrogen isotope compositions and air mass back trajectories suggested that the abundances of aerosol FAAs and CAAs were highly controlled by primary sources (particularly plants) with less impact from long‐range transport. Furthermore, the contributions of PrM degradation by ozone‐ and hydroxyl radical‐related processes to total FAAs were found to be minor. The overall results suggested that the long‐range transport and atmospheric degradation of PrM were insignificant factors affecting aerosol PrM abundance in this suburban area with the weak atmospheric oxidation capacity, high cloud cover rate, and frequent precipitation. Thus, the findings improve our understanding of the sources and atmospheric processes of aerosol PrM.
Review: Modeling the Effects of Salinity and Sodicity in Agricultural Systems
Authors: Kramer Isaac , Mau Yair 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSoil salinity and sodicity are major concerns in agricultural systems, threatening plant growth in the short term and soil health in the long term. Despite these risks, use of marginal quality water with high salt concentrations is often essential to maintaining food production, especially in arid and semi‐arid regions. Leveraging our understanding of basic soil processes and feedbacks is essential for ensuring sustainable use of marginal quality water and land. Models are an important component in effective management, since they allow us to investigate large numbers of potential future scenarios, augmenting our ability to predict the consequences of agricultural practices. In this review, we examine the most advanced models for studying the effects of salinity and sodicity on plant health and soil structure. We place special emphasis on the integration of these frameworks into dynamical models, which can be used to examine how changing climate and irrigation conditions lead to evolving plant and soil responses over time. We highlight important differences in existing modeling frameworks, especially with regard to their relative complexity and suitability for integration into larger climate models. We overview important applications of these models, including studies of localized leaching of salts, complex ion chemistry, the dynamics in layered profiles, and the risk of long‐term soil degradation as a result of particular irrigation practices.