bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid and transient evolution of local adaptation to seasonal host fruits in an invasive pest fly
Authors: Olazcuaga Laure , Foucaud Julien , Deschamps Candice , Loiseau Anne , Claret Jean-Loup , Vedovato Romain , Guilhot Robin , Sévely Cyril , Gautier Mathieu , Hufbauer Ruth A. , Rode Nicolas O. , Estoup Arnaud 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBoth local adaptation and adaptive phenotypic plasticity can influence the match between phenotypic traits and local environmental conditions. Theory predicts that environments stable for multiple generations promote local adaptation, whereas highly heterogeneous environments favor adaptive phenotypic plasticity. However, when environments have periods of stability mixed with heterogeneity, the relative importance of local adaptation and adaptive phenotypic plasticity is unclear. Here, we used Drosophila suzukii as a model system to evaluate the relative influence of genetic and plastic effects on the match of populations to environments with periods of stability from three to four generations. This invasive pest insect can develop within different fruits, and persists throughout the year in a given location on a succession of distinct host fruits, each one being available for only a few generations. Using reciprocal common environment experiments of natural D. suzukii populations collected from cherry, strawberry, and blackberry, we found that both oviposition preference and offspring performance were higher on medium made with the fruit from which the population originated than on media made with alternative fruits. This pattern, which remained after two generations in the laboratory, was analyzed using a statistical method we developed to quantify the contributions of local adaptation and adaptive plasticity in determining fitness. Altogether, we found that genetic effects (local adaptation) dominate over plastic effects (adaptive phenotypic plasticity). Our study demonstrates that spatially and temporally variable selection does not prevent the rapid evolution of local adaptation in natural populations. The speed and strength of adaptation may be facilitated by several mechanisms including a large effective population size and strong selective pressures imposed by host plants.
Experimental evolution of environmental tolerance, acclimation, and physiological plasticity in a randomly fluctuating environment
Authors: Rescan Marie , Leurs Nicolas , Grulois Daphné , Chevin Luis-Miguel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Environmental tolerance curves, representing absolute fitness against the environment, are an empirical assessment of the fundamental niche, and emerge from the phenotypic plasticity of underlying phenotypic traits. Dynamic plastic responses of these traits can lead to acclimation effects, whereby recent past environments impact current fitness. Theory predicts that higher levels of phenotypic plasticity should evolve in environments that fluctuate more predictably, but there have been few experimental tests of these predictions. Specifically, we still lack experimental evidence for the evolution of acclimation effects in response to environmental predictability. Here, we exposed 25 genetically diverse populations of the halotolerant microalgae Dunaliella salina to different constant salinities, or to randomly fluctuating salinities, for over 200 generations. The fluctuating treatments differed in their autocorrelation, which determines the similarity of subsequent values, and thus environmental predictability. We then measured acclimated tolerance surfaces, mapping population growth rate against past (acclimation) and current (assay) environments. We found that experimental mean and variance in salinity caused the evolution of niche position (optimal salinity) and breadth, with respect to not only current but also past (acclimation) salinity. We also detected weak but significant evidence for evolutionary changes in response to environmental predictability, with higher predictability leading notably to lower optimal salinities and stronger acclimation effect of past environment on current fitness. We further showed that these responses are related to the evolution of plasticity for intracellular glycerol, the major osmoregulatory mechanism in this species. However, the direction of plasticity evolution did not match simple theoretical predictions. Our results underline the need for a more explicit consideration of the dynamics of environmental tolerance and its underlying plastic traits to reach a better understanding of ecology and evolution in fluctuating environments.
RSM and fuzzy modeling approach for optimization of extraction of antioxidant compounds from Asparagus racemosus roots
Authors: Singh Akshay K. , Kumar Vivek , Singh Karunakar , Fatima Sumaiya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis research work was carried out to explore the influence of extraction methods on the extraction of antioxidant from Asparagus racemosus roots. The microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) method was more efficient as compared with continuous shaking extraction (CSE) method in terms of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) content in the ethanolic extract of A. racemosus roots. Box–Behnken experimental design of response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize MAE method for three process parameters viz. solvent concentration (SC: 40%–90% v/v), extraction time (ET: 10–30 min), and microwave power (MP: 360–720 W). Model fitness of the experimental data was determined by multiple regression analysis and analysis of variance. The optimum targeted parameters were obtained as 65% v/v SC, 23 min ET, and 560 W MP, and the corresponding responses TPC, TFC, DPPH, FRAP, and TAC were found to be 9.377 mg GAE/g, 177.03 mg QE/g, 65.70%, 193.35 mM Fe+2/g, and 496.97 mg AAE/g with a desirability of 0.95. Fuzzy modeling with Mamdani‐type fuzzy inference was also utilized to obtain the most optimal conditions for specified process parameters and responses under the set of rules for process parameters and responses. The estimated results of responses by both RSM and fuzzy model showed good agreement with the experimental values.
Interpolation‐based parametric model order reduction of automotive brake systems for frequency‐domain analyses
Authors: Matter Fabian , Iroz Igor , Eberhard Peter 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBrake squeal describes noise with different frequencies that can be emitted during the braking process. Typically, the frequencies are in the range of 1 to 16 kHz. Although the noise has virtually no effect on braking performance, strong attempts are made to identify and eliminate the noise as it can be very unpleasant and annoying. In the field of numerical simulation, the brake is typically modeled using the Finite Element method, and this results in a high‐dimensional equation of motion. For the analysis of brake squeal, gyroscopic and circulatory effects, as well as damping and friction, must be considered correctly. For the subsequent analysis, the high‐dimensional damped nonlinear equation system is linearized. This results in terms that are non‐symmetric and dependent on the rotational frequency of the brake rotor. Many parameter points to be evaluated implies many evaluations to determine the relevant parameters of the unstable system. In order to increase the efficiency of the process, the system is typically reduced with a truncated modal transformation. However, with this method the damping and the velocity‐dependent terms, which have a significant influence on the system, are neglected for the calculation of the eigenmodes, and this can lead to inaccurate reduced models. In this paper, we present results of other methods of model order reduction applied on an industrial high‐dimensional brake model. Using moment matching methods combined with parametric model order reduction, both the damping and the various parameter‐dependent terms of the brake model can be taken into account in the reduction step. Thus, better results in the frequency domain can be obtained. On the one hand, as usual in brake analysis, the complex eigenvalues are evaluated, but on the other hand also the transfer behavior in terms of the frequency response. In each case, the classical and the new reduction method are compared with each other.
Investigating the relationship between right ventricular size and function with pre‐eclampsia: A two‐group cross‐sectional study
Authors: Alimi Hedieh , Fazlinejad Afsoon , Emadzadeh Maryam , Abouzari Milad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsPre‐eclampsia is a multisystem disorder characterized by symptoms of high blood pressure and proteinuria during pregnancy. It is associated with many complications and maternal and fetal mortality. This disorder may be associated with many cardiovascular complications and affect the function of the heart. Therefore, in this study, the structure and function of the right ventricle (RV) in patients with pre‐eclampsia have been investigated using echocardiography.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad. Thirty‐two pregnant women, whose gestational age was 20 weeks or more, were considered as the case group after evaluating blood pressure and confirming proteinuria and pre‐eclampsia. Thirty‐two healthy pregnant women were also included in the study as a control group. The function of the RV was evaluated using two‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography.ResultsInvestigating the results of the study shows that in pregnant women with pre‐eclampsia, RV fractional area change, and RV strain indices have decreased significantly compared with healthy pregnant women (p < 0.05). Also, the statistical analysis shows that no significant differences were observed in the two groups in terms of echocardiographic indicesE,A,É,E/É,É/Á,E/A, pulmonary artery pressure, Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion, right ventricular diameter, and left ventricle mass index.ConclusionAccording to the results of the study, it can be generally said that pre‐eclampsia may be associated with changes in the function and echocardiographic indices of the RV and may result in cardiac complications.
Hybrid high‐ and low‐molecular weight chains of hyaluronan is an effective modality treatment for increasing female sexual satisfaction: An interventional, randomized‐control parallel study
Authors: Mohammed Ghada F. , Al‐Dhubaibi Mohammed S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsPsychological, behavioral, hormonal, surgical, and psychopharmacologic approaches are the only acknowledged treatments for Female Sexual Dysfunction (FSD). The study is conducted to assess the efficacy of hybrid cooperative complexes of high and low molecular weight hyaluronan (hybrid H‐HA/L‐HA) in treating females with varying of sexual dysfunction and to assess the female genital self‐image scale (FGSIS), female sexual function index (FSFI), and dermatology life quality index (DLQI) before and after treatment.MethodsSixty female patients were divided into two groups. The study group enrolled 30 female patients injected with hybrid H‐HA/L‐HA, while the control group enrolled 30 female patients injected with saline. Patients were recruited from the clinic searching for medical advice. Controls were selected from close associates of the cases who were attending with the patients or healthy escorts of dermatology patients attending the dermatology outpatient clinic. We assessed socio‐demographic, clinical evaluation, the (FGSIS), (FSFI), and (DLQI) before and after treatment. The first assessment was conducted at the first visit, and the second assessment was conducted after 1 month of the second injection.ResultSignificant increase in the frequency of sexual intercourse/week in the study group after the first and second injection sessions compared to the controls was observed (p < 0.05). There was statistically significant amelioration in desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction domains, and total score of the FSFI (p ≤ 0.05). The study demonstrated significant increasing differences in all domains of the FGSIS (p ≤ 0.05). The symptoms and feelings, leisure, personal relationships, and total scores were significantly higher post first and second injection of (hybrid H‐HA/L‐HA) sessions compared to the controls (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe (hybrid H‐HA/L‐HA) injection for rejuvenating the genital area appears to be a safe and effective way to enhance female genital self‐image, sexuality, and quality of life with high levels of satisfaction as a minimally invasive method.
Revealing the importance of suppressing formation of lithium hydride and hydrogen in Li anode protection
Authors: Xu Gaojie , Du Xiaofan , Zhang Shenghang , Li Jiedong , Dong Shanmu , Hu Zhiwei , Cui Guanglei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe reviving of the “Holy Grail” lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is greatly hindered by severe parasitic reactions between Li anode and electrolytes. Herein, first, we comprehensively summarize the failure mechanisms and protection principles of the Li anode. Wherein, despite being in dispute, the formation of lithium hydride (LiH) is demonstrated to be one of the most critical factors for Li anode pulverization. Secondly, we trace the research history of LiH at electrodes of lithium batteries. In LMBs, LiH formation is suggested to be greatly associated with the generation of H2 from Li/electrolyte intrinsic parasitic reactions, and these intrinsic reactions are still not fully understood. Finally, density functional theory calculations reveal that H2 adsorption ability of representative Li anode protective species (such as LiF, Li3N, BN, Li2O, and graphene) is much higher than that of Li and LiH. Therefore, as an important supplement of well‐known lithiophilicity theory/high interfacial energy theory and three key principles (mechanical stability, uniform ion transport, and chemical passivation), we propose that constructing an artificial solid electrolyte interphase layer enriched of components with much higher H2 adsorption ability than Li will serve as an effective principle for Li anode protection. In summary, suppressing formation of LiH and H2 will be very important for cycle life enhancement of practical LMBs.
Associations between the polymorphisms of main components in PI3K/Akt pathway and risk of diabetic kidney disease: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Fu Hang , Guo Congcong , Zhang Jing , Xu Lusi , Jiang Shan , Guo Siyi , Sheng Qiqi , Zhao Junyu , Liao Lin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a severe microvascular complication frequently associated with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The objective of this work was to evaluate the relevance of PI3K/Akt pathway polymorphisms and DKD susceptibility by a meta‐analysis.MethodsCase–control studies related to the relationship between PI3K/Akt pathway polymorphisms and DKD risk were searched from Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, SINOMED, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. Statistical analysis and heterogeneity test were conducted by Review Manager 5.4.ResultsTotally, 52 eligible studies were enrolled, including seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for four genes in the PI3K/AKT pathway (GNB3: rs5443; eNOS: rs1799983, rs869109213, rs2070744; IL‐6: rs1800795, rs1800796; TNFα: rs1800629). The “M” allele of eNOS rs1799983 was related to the increased risk of DKD under random effects model, especially in Asian population (Overall:M vs. W: I2 = 75%, OR = 1.29, 95%CI 1.07–1.56; MM + WM vs. WW: I2 = 75%, OR = 1.50, 95%CI 1.21–1.86). The “M” allele of eNOS rs869109213 was implicated with higher prevalence of DKD under random effects model, especially in Asian population (Overall:M vs. W: I2 = 63%, OR = 1.43, 95%CI 1.22–1.68; MM + WM vs. WW: I2 = 50%, OR = 1.36, 95%CI 1.16–1.58; MM vs. WM + WW: I2 = 59%, OR = 2.20, 95%CI 1.41–3.43). The “M” allele of eNOS rs2070744 was implicated with higher prevalence of DKD under random effects model, especially in Indian population (Overall: M vs. W: I2 = 47%, OR = 1.35, 95%CI 1.15–1.59; MM + WM vs. WW: I2 = 45%, OR = 1.32, 95%CI 1.07–1.62; MM vs. WM + WW: I2 = 65%, OR = 2.29, 95%CI 1.39–3.77). The “M” allele of IL‐6 rs1800796 was predominately associated with higher DKD risks under random effects model, especially in Asian population (Overall: M versus W: I2 = 23%, OR = 1.49, 95%CI 1.21–1.84; MM + WM vs. WW: I2 = 1%, OR = 1.43, 95%CI 1.15–1.77; MM + WM vs. WW: I2 = 71%, OR = 2.77, 95%CI 1.09–7.06).ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis indicated that polymorphisms in the PI3K/Akt pathway in eNOS rs1799983, rs869109213, rs2070744, and IL‐6 rs1800796 were related to the increased risk of DKD.
Efficacy of competing stimulus assessments: A summary of 35 consecutively encountered cases
Authors: Laureano Brianna , Fernandez Nathalie , Hagopian Louis P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCompeting stimulus assessments (CSAs) are designed to identify stimuli that reduce challenging behavior through competition with its maintaining reinforcers. Recently, Haddock and Hagopian (2020) found that over 92% of CSAs described in published studies identified at least one high‐competition stimulus (i.e., a stimulus correlated with at least an 80% reduction in challenging behavior). The current study describes the outcomes of CSAs in a retrospective consecutive controlled case series study of 35 cases (individuals) admitted to an inpatient setting. Findings on the limited relation between the level of stimulus engagement and reductions in challenging behavior were replicated; however, the efficacy of CSAs was lower (only 47% of CSAs were successful in identifying one or more high‐competition stimuli). Discrepant findings across studies on the efficacy of CSAs are discussed in terms of differences in the sample participants and how outcomes are reported, which vary depending on the study's research questions.
Synthesis and structural characterization of monomeric aluminum keto‐imine complexes: Catalytic activity toward CO2/styrene oxide coupling and ε‐caprolactone ring opening polymerization
Authors: Lin Yu‐Wei , Su Yu‐Chia , Ko Bao‐Tsan , Datta Amitabha , Huang Jui‐Hsien 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA series of benzoylacetone‐imine ligands, PhCOCHCMeNHR (L1H, R = CH2Ph; L2H, R = CH2Ph‐4‐Me; and L3H, R = CH2Ph‐4‐OMe), are first synthesized following the condensation of benzoylacetone and 4‐substituted benzylamine. Later, reacting L1H–L3H with one equivalent of AlMe3 in toluene, the monomeric Al derivatives are generated, (PhCOCHCMeNR)AlMe2 (1, R = CH2Ph; 2, R = CH2Ph‐4‐Me; 3, R = CH2Ph‐4‐OMe). All the ligands and metal derivatives are characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals the geometry of all ligands and complex 2. As supporting catalysts, the Al derivatives, 1–3, are effective to initiate the coupling of CO2 and styrene oxide to form cyclic carbonates. Although employing TBAI (tetra‐n‐butylammonium iodide), TBAC, tetrabutylammonium chloride, and TBAB (tetra butyl ammonium bromide) as cocatalyst, the optimized catalytic system exhibits the best conversion of epoxide in presence of TBAI under the reaction temperature and time, respectively, 90°C and 6 hr, respectively. The ring opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone is also appraised subjecting the Al derivatives, 1–3, as catalysts in presence of benzyl alcohol and all the conversions of ε‐caprolactone reach over 95% at the reaction condition of 100°C and 1 hr.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Exposure‐Response Modeling Analyses of Golimumab in Children and Young Adults With Recently Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Lee Jong Bong , Zhou Wangda , Xu Zhenhua , Hedrick Joseph A. , Leu Jocelyn H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGolimumab was recently evaluated in a phase 2a, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter study (T1GER study) for safety and efficacy in children and young adults with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D). Golimumab showed significant treatment effect where endogenous insulin production was preserved and clinical and metabolic parameters were improved. The objective of this report was to evaluate pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic data from the T1GER study by developing a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model and performing exposure‐response (ER) analyses. The PopPK model was developed using data from the T1D study and 2 other pediatric studies with golimumab in ulcerative colitis and in polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. A 1‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and elimination was applied to describe the concentration‐time profiles. Typical parameters normalized to the values in subjects with a standard weight of 70 kg were apparent clearance, 0.850 L/day; apparent volume of distribution, 16.0 L; and absorption rate constant, 1.01/day. From the ER analyses, no clear trends were observed for changes in both C‐peptide area under the concentration‐time curve and hemoglobin A1c levels for the relatively narrow exposure ranges following the body surface area–based dosing regimen used in this study. In conclusion, the developed PopPK model was able to adequately describe the observed PK of golimumab in patients with T1D. Although golimumab showed significant treatment effect, the ER analyses did not show clear trends within the active treatment group, which may indicate that the exposure from this T1D‐specific dosing regimen was at the plateau of the ER curve.
Derivatives use and the risk‐taking behaviour of African banks
Authors: Bekale Audrey Nguema , Alagidede Imhotep Paul , Odei‐Mensah Jones 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEvidence has been presented that banks typically maintain risk‐exacerbating derivatives positions. Within the context of African economies, this paper focuses on the impact of derivatives activities on the risk‐taking impulse of banks. It also examines the risk‐taking impulse resulting from banks' business lending efficiency. Estimation was carried out using standard ROA—and ROE—based idiosyncratic risk metrics and two‐stage least squares regression. Results indicate unsustainable levels of banking stability and increased risk‐taking. The banks exhibit hazardous behaviour in the current climate of the rapid transformation of the banking systems, calling for regulatory vigilance to limit imprudent actions. [Correction added on 17 March 2023, after first online publication: This version has been updated with a truncated abstract as supplied by the author.]
内視鏡的除去が有効であった鉄徐放錠過量内服の1例(Effectiveness of endoscopy in managing sustained iron release preparation overdose)
Authors: 明子 富田 , 望 井上 , 信喜 塩谷 , 祐己 塚本 , 光司 硲 , 康夫 七戸 
Published: March 2023

要旨　鉄剤は鉄欠乏貧血などでしばしば処方されるが，自傷目的に過量内服されることがある。服薬量が少なくても重篤化する場合があり症例の蓄積が必要である。今回，硫化鉄徐放錠を過量服薬したが内視鏡的除去により重症化を防ぎえたと考えられる症例を経験したので報告する。症例は20歳代の女性。近医で処方されていた硫化鉄徐放錠22錠（鉄2,310mg）を一気に服用した。約4時間後に嘔気と上腹部痛を呈し救急車で来院した。鉄摂取量は50mg/kgで，搬入時の血清鉄濃度（以下，SIC）は386µg/dLと軽度高値を示した。救急外来で撮像した腹部単純レントゲン写真で胃内に多数の錠剤を認めたため，内視鏡的除去後にキレート剤を投与した。SICは経時的に低下し第2病日退院した。鉄中毒では最大SICや鉄摂取量が中毒症状に関連するとされ，服薬後4～6時間程度の最大SICを確認する必要がある。SICの測定が不可能な状況では，鉄摂取量や，意識，循環，消化器症状などの臨床症状，胃内の薬剤残存状況などから重症度を判断する。鉄の排泄経路は限られており，重篤となる可能性がある場合には積極的に消化管除染やキレートを行う必要がある。徐放性鉄剤は服薬後6～12時間で最大SICに達する。本症例は内服から5時間後の腹部単純レントゲン写真で未吸収の薬剤が胃内に残存しており，内視鏡的除去を行うことで以後の血中濃度上昇を抑え，重症化を防いだと考える。