bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methodological and ethical challenges in the use of focused ultrasound for blood–brain barrier disruption in neuro-oncology
Authors: Thavarajasingam Santhosh G. , Kilgallon John L. , Ramsay Daniele S. C. , Aval Leila Motedayen , Tewarie Ishaan Ashwini , Kramer Andreas , Van Vuurden Dannis , Broekman Marike L. D. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Focused ultrasound (FUS) shows promise for enhancing drug delivery to the brain by temporarily opening the blood–brain barrier (BBB), and it is increasingly used in the clinical setting to treat brain tumours. It remains however unclear whether FUS is being introduced in an ethically and methodologically sound manner. The IDEAL-D framework for the introduction of surgical innovations and the SYRCLE and ROBINS-I tools for assessing the risk of bias in animal studies and non-randomized trials, respectively, provide a comprehensive evaluation for this.

Objectives and methods
A comprehensive literature review on FUS in neuro-oncology was conducted. Subsequently, the included studies were evaluated using the IDEAL-D framework, SYRCLE, and ROBINS-I tools.

Results
In total, 19 published studies and 12 registered trials were identified. FUS demonstrated successful BBB disruption, increased drug delivery, and improved survival rates. However, the SYRCLE analysis revealed a high risk of bias in animal studies, while the ROBINS-I analysis found that most human studies had a high risk of bias due to a lack of blinding and heterogeneous samples. Of the 15 pre-clinical stage 0 studies, only six had formal ethical approval, and only five followed animal care policies. Both stage 1 studies and stage 1/2a studies failed to provide information on patient data confidentiality. Overall, no animal or human study reached the IDEAL-D stage endpoint.

Conclusion
FUS holds promise for enhancing drug delivery to the brain, but its development and implementation must adhere to rigorous safety standards using the established ethical and methodological frameworks. The complementary use of IDEAL-D, SYRCLE, and ROBINS-I tools indicates a high risk of bias and ethical limitations in both animal and human studies, highlighting the need for further improvements in study design for a safe implementation of FUS in neuro-oncology.
Changing the stroke network during pandemic scenarios does not affect the management of patients with a positive Cincinnati prehospital stroke scale
Authors: Fagoni Nazzareno , Bellini Lorenzo , Bonora Rodolfo , Botteri Marco , Migliari Maurizio , Pagliosa Andrea , Sechi Giuseppe Maria , Signorelli Carlo , Zoli Alberto , Stirparo Giuseppe 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Time plays a crucial role in the management of stroke, and changing the prehospital emergency network, altering the HUB and spoke relationship in pandemic scenarios, might have an impact on time to fibrinolysis or thrombectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time-dependent stroke emergency network in Lombardy region (Italy) by comparing 2019 with 2020 and early 2021. Three parameters were investigated: (i) time of arrival of the first vehicle at the scene, (ii) overall duration of missions, and (iii) number of patients transported by emergency vehicles.

Methods
Data analysis process conducted using the SAS-AREU portal (SAS Institute, USA).

Results
The number of patients with a positive CPSS was similar among the different pandemic waves. Mission duration increased from a mean time (SD) of 52.9 (16.1) min in 2019 to 64.1 (19.7) in 2020 and 55.0 (16.8) in 2021. Time to first vehicle on scene increased to 15.7 (8.4) min in 2020 and 16.0 (7.0) in 2021 compared to 2019, 13.6 (7.2) (P < 0.05). The number of hospital with available stroke units decreased from 46 in 2019 to 10 during the first pandemic wave.

Conclusions
The pandemic forced changes in the clinical mission of many hospitals by reducing the number of stroke units. Despite this, the organization of the emergency system allowed to identify strategic hospitals and thus avoid excessive transport time. The result was an adequate time for fibrinolysis/thrombectomy, in agreement with the guidelines. Coordinated management in emergency situations makes it possible to maintain service quality standards, despite the unfavorable scenario.
Impact of COVID-19 and system recovery in delivering healthcare to people with multiple sclerosis: a population-based Study
Authors: Affinito Giuseppina , Trama Ugo , Palumbo Laura , Fumo Maria Grazia , Giordana Roberta , Di Gennaro Massimo , Triassi Maria , Lanzillo Roberta , Morra Vincenzo Brescia , Palladino Raffaele , Moccia Marcello 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 pandemic has affected the management of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objective
To explore the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare delivery to people with MS and the subsequent recovery of the system.

Methods
In this population-based study in the Campania Region (Italy), we included people with MS across pre-COVID-19, lockdown, pre-vaccination, and vaccination periods. Differences in continuous outcomes between periods were explored using linear mixed models (annualized hospitalization rate (AHR) and adherence measured as medication possession ratio (MPR)). Differences in disease-modifying treatment (DMT) prescription rates (first DMT prescription, any DMT switch, switch from platform to highly effective DMT, and combination of first DMT prescription and any DMT switch) were assessed using an interrupted time series design.

Results
Compared with pre-COVID-19, AHR decreased during the lockdown (Coeff = 0.64;95%CI = -0.69, -0.59; p < 0.01), and remained lower during pre-vaccination and vaccination periods. Adherence decreased during pre-vaccination (Coeff = -0.04;95%CI = -0.05, -0.03; p < 0.01) and vaccination periods (Coeff = -0.07;95%CI = -0.08, -0.07; p < 0.01). After the lockdown, there was an increase in any DMT switch (IRR 2.05 95%CI 1.38,3.05; p < 0.01), in switch from platform to highly effective DMTs (IRR 4.45;95%CI 2.48,8.26; p < 0.01) and in first DMT prescriptions (IRR 2.48;95%CI 1.64,3.74; p < 0.01).

Conclusions
DMT prescriptions quickly returned to pre-pandemic levels, reflecting good health system recovery. However, adherence has remained lower than the past, as from suboptimal care. Assessing long-term COVID-19 impact on MS healthcare is warranted.
Study of Effect of Incubation Time and Temperature on the Linear Polyacrylamide-Coating Performance for the Separation of Proteins by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis
Authors: Andrasi Melinda , Zagyi Balint , Hamidli Narmin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe preparation of linear polyacrylamide (LPA)-coated capillary is a multistep, laborious process. In this study, five different LPA-coating procedures were compared regarding the capillary pretreatment (incubation time and temperature), the formation of the intermediate silyl layer and the attachment of the polymer top layer. LPA coatings were examined by the analysis of a standard mixture solution of insulin, rituximab and hemoglobin using a background electrolyte (BGE) of 50 mM HCOOH (pH 2.6). The results were contrasted with those that were obtained using the bare fused-silica capillary. The reproducibility of the simplest LPA-coating preparation was tested. The long-term stability of the capillary coating was evaluated through inter-day precision data using a large number of injections of the three-protein test mixture solution. The implementation of a short-term procedure at elevated temperature, guided by a comprehensive review of various conditions documented in the literature, yielded an efficiently functional LPA coating.
Hybridisation and genomic diversity in British and Irish pigeons Columba livia
Authors: Smith William J. , Clegg Sonya M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHuman introductions of animals and plants have caused a diverse array of conservation problems, including extinction by hybridisation. This results from interbreeding of non-native and native populations, causing genomic homogenisation. A potential benefit of anthropogenic hybridisation concerns the influx of genetic variation. The Rock Dove Columba livia has been genetically replaced across much of its range by the feral pigeon. Relict populations in the British Isles have experienced varying levels of wild-feral gene flow. Introgression correlates with higher genomic diversity, potentially improving chances of persistence of relict Rock Dove populations. However, the beneficial impacts of interbreeding may be short-lived if hybridisation levels increase.
Symmetries and Exact Solutions of the Diffusive Holling–Tanner Prey-Predator Model
Authors: Cherniha Roman , Davydovych Vasyl’ 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe consider the classical Holling–Tanner model extended on 1D space by introducing the diffusion term. Making a reasonable simplification, the diffusive Holling–Tanner system is studied by means of symmetry based methods. Lie and $Q$
Q
-conditional (nonclassical) symmetries are identified. The symmetries obtained are applied for finding a wide range of exact solutions, their properties are studied and a possible biological interpretation is proposed. 3D plots of the most interesting solutions are drown as well.
Enhancing the Assessment of Coercive Control in Spanish Femicide Cases: A Nationally Representative Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Viñas-Racionero Rosa , Raghavan Chitra , Soria-Verde Miguel Ángel , Scalora Mario J. , Santos-Hermoso Jorge , González-Álvarez José Luís , Garrido-Antón María José 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Coercive control is a power dynamic central to intimate partner violence (IPV) and consists of tactics to limit one’s partner’s autonomy through constraint, regulation of everyday life, isolation, pursuit, and intimidation and physical force. Such tactics may potentially signal a risk for future lethal or near lethal violence; hence, proper evaluation may enhance the utility of clinical femicide risk assessments. The goal of this study is to explore coercive control behaviors preceding partner femicides in Spain with the intention to provide guidance for its assessment by first responders and law enforcement.

Methods
Researchers from the Department of State for Security of the Ministry of Interior collected a nationally representative sample of 150 femicides (2006–2016). Qualitative data included 958 semi-structured interviews with victims and offenders’ social networks, which provided information about relationship dynamics leading up to the murders. Additionally, 225 interviews with law enforcement and occasionally offenders were used to corroborate and contextualize victim and offender social networks.

Results
Qualitative analysis indicated four indicators of coercive control (i.e., microregulation and restriction, victim isolation, surveillance and pursuit, and physical violence), which were present in 85% of the cases. While these indicators were commonly present, their manifestation varied based on relationship history and victims’ responses.

Conclusion
The findings suggest that incorporating coercive control indicia into clinical femicide risk assessments is useful and may enhance their accuracy.
A new magnetorheological quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolation system with large zero stiffness range and highly stable characteristics
Authors: Deng Lei , Sun Shuaishuai , Wu Qihao , Gong Ning , Yang Jiang , Zhang Shiwu , Du Haiping , Li Weihua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVarious quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) systems have been developed and applied in the vibration control domain in recent years. However, most QZS systems are usually unstable against external disturbances, and their QZS ranges are very limited. To address these issues, this study develops a highly stable QZS vibration isolation system integrated with magnetorheological fluids (MRFs). The MRFs endow the vibration isolation system with stiffness variability in vertical and lateral directions to against external disturbances, which innovatively solves the unstable problem of QZS systems. Meanwhile, the stiffness variability also makes the system adaptable to vibrations with different frequencies, so the system can deliver the best vibration isolation performance in response to various excitations. The system consists of a vertical isolation unit and a lateral isolation unit. By paralleling a nonlinear positive stiffness QZS component with a nonlinear negative stiffness QZS component in the vertical isolation unit, a large QZS range in the vertical direction and smaller stiffness are realised, thus improving the vibration isolation performance. In this study, the vibration isolation system is designed and prototyped; its QZS characteristics and adjustable stiffness features in both the vertical and lateral directions are experimentally verified; the frequency responses of the system are obtained experimentally; and the stability and the vibration isolation performance of the system are also evaluated by experiments with the designed control algorithms. This study provides a solution to overcome the unstable problem of QZS systems and extend the limited QZS range, whilst realising QZS characteristics in both vertical and lateral directions, thus broadening the application of QZS systems.
The case for partisan motivated reasoning
Authors: Williams Daniel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA large body of research in political science claims that the way in which democratic citizens think about politics is motivationally biased by partisanship. Numerous critics argue that the evidence for this claim is better explained by theories in which party allegiances influence political cognition without motivating citizens to embrace biased beliefs. This article has three aims. First, I clarify this criticism, explain why common responses to it are unsuccessful, and argue that to make progress on this debate we need a more developed theory of the connections between group attachments and motivated reasoning. Second, I develop such a theory. Drawing on research on coalitional psychology and the social functions of beliefs, I argue that partisanship unconsciously biases cognition by generating motivations to advocate for party interests, which transform individuals into partisan press secretaries. Finally, I argue that this theory offers a superior explanation of a wide range of relevant findings than purely non-motivational theories of political cognition.
Detection of feline morbillivirus in cats with symptoms of acute febrile infection
Authors: Ito Genta , Tabata Shoichi , Matsuu Aya , Hatai Hitoshi , Goto-Koshino Yuko , Kuramoto Tomohide , Doi Sakiko , Momoi Yasuyuki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFeline morbillivirus (FeMV) was identified for the first time in cats in 2012 in Hong Kong. Although its association with chronic kidney disease in cats has attracted the attention of researchers, its clinical significance as an acute infection has not been reported. Previously, we reported FeMV detection using next-generation sequence-based comprehensive genomic analysis of plasma samples from cats with suspected acute febrile infections. Here, we conducted an epidemiological survey to detect FeMV by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) using blood samples from cats in Japan. FeMV was detected in 32/102 blood samples (31.4%) from cats with suspected acute viral infections. Most of the FeMV-positive cats had clinical findings consistent with acute viral infections, including fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and jaundice. No FeMV was detected in healthy cats or clinically ill cats that visited veterinary hospitals. Phylogenetic analysis classified FeMV L genes into various FeMV subtypes. We also necropsied a FeMV-positive cat that died of a suspected acute infection. On necropsy, FeMV was detected in systemic organs, including the kidneys, lymph nodes and spleen by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. These results suggest that FeMV infections may cause acute symptomatic febrile infections in cats. A limitation of this study was that the involvement of other pathogens that cause febrile illnesses could not be ruled out and this prevented a definitive conclusion that FeMV causes febrile disease in infected cats. Further studies that include experimental infections are warranted to determine the pathogenicity of FeMV in cats.
Integrative nomothetisch-idiographische Prognose bei jugendlichen und heranwachsenden Gewalt- und Sexualstraftätern
Authors: Hausam Joscha , Lehmann Robert J. B. , Dahle Klaus-Peter 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungWissenschaftlich fundierte Einschätzungen zur Rückfälligkeit von Straftätern können grundsätzlich mit zwei methodischen Ansätzen vorgenommen werden. Der nomothetische Ansatz liefert eine auf gruppenstatistischen Erkenntnissen basierende Einschätzung und erfolgt zumeist mit standardisierten Instrumenten. Der klinisch-idiographische Ansatz orientiert sich hingegen am Einzelfall, und die Einschätzung folgt einem regelgeleiteten klinisch-diagnostischen Urteilsbildungsprozess, der insoweit von einem klinisch-intuitiven Vorgehen abzugrenzen ist. Die deutsche Gesetzgebung fordert eine streng auf den Einzelfall bezogene prognostische Einschätzung, die nur die idiographische Methodik zu leisten vermag. Um die Vorzüge des nomothetischen Ansatzes zu berücksichtigen, wurde die Integration beider Ansätze vorgeschlagen. Die integrative Vorgehensweise hat sich in Untersuchungen mit erwachsenen Straftätern als vielversprechend erwiesen. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Untersuchung der prognostischen Validität der nomothetischen und idiographischen Methodik sowie der Integration beider Ansätze bei jugendlichen und heranwachsenden Gewalt- und Sexualstraftätern. Die Stichprobe setzt sich zusammen aus 152 ehemaligen männlichen Inhaftierten der Jugendstrafanstalt Berlin, die zwischen 1998 und 2002 im Alter von 16 bis 29 Jahren entlassen wurden. Die Prognoseinstrumente leisteten eine signifikante Vorhersage allgemeiner (Area under Curve [AUC] = 0,70–0,71) und gewalttätiger Rückfälle (AUC = 0,65–0,74) innerhalb von 3 Jahren nach der Entlassung. Die prognostische Validität der standardisierten Instrumente, die speziell für Jugendliche entwickelt wurden, war vergleichbar mit den entsprechenden Varianten für Erwachsene. Die klinisch-idiographischen Prognosen sagten ebenfalls allgemeine (AUC = 0,71–0,74) und gewalttätige Rückfälle (AUC = 0,71–0,74) signifikant voraus. Insbesondere die klinisch-idiographische Gewaltprognose war den meisten Instrumenten statistisch überlegen. Regressionsanalysen zeigten darüber hinaus, dass die klinisch-idiographische Prognose im Rahmen eines integrierten Ansatzes einen inkrementellen Beitrag zur Vorhersage des allgemeinen und des gewalttätigen Rückfallrisikos leistete. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen somit, dass der klinisch-idiographische Ansatz nicht nur die gesetzlichen Anforderungen an einen einzelfallbezogenen Ansatz erfüllt, sondern auch die Prognosezuverlässigkeit bei jugendlichen Straftätern signifikant verbessern kann.
Impact of the acceleration voltage on the processing of γ-TiAl via electron beam powder bed fusion
Authors: Reith M. , Franke M. , Körner C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractElectron beam powder bed fusion (PBF-EB) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technology that is maturing toward broader industrial applications. However, conventional PBF-EB machines are still limited to 60 kV acceleration voltage (Ub). Therefore, this work presents the first results of a novel prototype PBF-EB machine capable of acceleration voltages up to 150 kV. In general, a higher acceleration voltage enables larger beam powers, which shortens the pre-heating time and makes a larger pre-heating area available. Moreover, a lower beam current is required for the same power during pre-heating, enabling the processing of a gamma titanium aluminide (γ-TiAl) alloy without any process gas. γ-TiAl cuboids are built in a vacuum atmosphere (2×10–5 mbar) with 60 , 125 , and 150 kV acceleration voltage. Additionally, the deeper penetration of higher acceleration voltage should be beneficial for melting as well. Cuboids are examined for defects and aluminum content to show the influence of the acceleration voltage on the process window, melt pool formation, gas porosity, and aluminum evaporation. In short, this work aims to investigate the impact of a higher acceleration voltage on the whole PBF-EB process.
Recent advances in the mechanisms of development and the early diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer
Authors: Jin Donghui , Mao Yousheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe occurrence and development of esophageal cancer (EC) is a multi-stage process involving from inflammation to invasive cancer. However, this process is very complex, and so far there are few relevant studies to reveal this process. Early diagnosis and treatment of EC is the focus of the early diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors project in China. How to screen EC in a lower cost and more efficient way deserves to be explored. Here, we reviewed the recent advances in the mechanisms of the occurrence and development, and early diagnosis and treatment of EC.
Thermal Imaging in Robotics as a Privacy-Enhancing or Privacy-Invasive Measure? Misconceptions of Privacy when Using Thermal Cameras in Robots
Authors: Lintvedt Naomi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article examines the use of thermal imaging in human–robot interactions and its implications for privacy. Thermal imaging is used in robotics research to conceal the identity of individuals by masking identifiable information, such as facial details. The assumption is that by removing clear facial images, individuals become unidentifiable, thus protecting their privacy. However, the definition of personal data does not require information to be linked to a visual observation of a person. Removing the facial image of a person does not exclude the information from being personal data. However, thermal imaging can reveal personal information that is hidden from view. The article argues that privacy in robotics research is often limited to informational privacy and neglects other dimensions of privacy. It emphasises the need for a broader understanding of privacy in the context of robotics, considering the physical embodiment and data processing capabilities of robots. The conclusion of the article suggests that thermal imaging should not be automatically assumed to be more privacy-preserving than regular RGB cameras. It emphasises the importance of understanding personal data and the specific purposes of robot functions when choosing between different sensors. The article calls for a comprehensive approach to privacy in human–robot interaction, taking into account the broader impact of invasive technologies.
Education and women's empowerment: evidence from Uganda
Authors: Bui Thao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The government of Uganda introduced an education reform that eliminated school fees for primary school-age children in 1997. This paper finds that an increase in education, generated by the reform, has a positive impact on women's empowerment. Specifically, an increase in schooling, due to the reform, improves women's involvement in decision making within the household by increasing their likelihood of having a final say on issues related to their own health, about large household expenses, and regarding visits to family or relatives. Education enhances women's cognitive ability but has no impact on women's labor market opportunities and attitudes toward gender-based violence.