bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Serum Cortisol and Cushing Disease Recurrence in Patients With Corticotroph Adenomas
Authors: Catalino Michael P , Moore Dominic T , Ironside Natasha , Munoz Alexander R , Coley Justin , Jonas Rachel , Kearns Kathryn , Min Le , Vance Mary Lee , Jane John A , Laws Edward R 
Published: June 2023

AbstractContextIn Cushing disease, the association between the rate of serum cortisol decline and recurrent disease after corticotroph adenoma removal has not been adequately characterized.ObjectiveTo analyze postoperative serum cortisol and recurrence rates in Cushing disease.MethodsPatients with Cushing disease and pathology-confirmed corticotroph adenoma were retrospectively studied. Cortisol halving time was estimated using exponential decay modeling. Halving time, first postoperative cortisol, and nadir cortisol values were collected using immediate postoperative inpatient laboratory data. Recurrence and time-to-recurrence were estimated and compared among cortisol variables.ResultsA total of 320 patients met inclusion/exclusion criteria for final analysis, and 26 of those patients developed recurrent disease. Median follow-up time was 25 months (95% CI, 19-28 months), and 62 patients had ≥ 5 years follow-up time. Higher first postoperative cortisol and higher nadir were associated with increased risk of recurrence. Patients who had a first postoperative cortisol ≥ 50 µg/dL were 4.1 times more likely to recur than those with a first postoperative cortisol &lt; 50 µg/dL (HR 4.1, 1.8-9.2; P = .0003). Halving time was not associated with recurrence (HR 1.7, 0.8-3.8, P = .18). Patients with a nadir cortisol ≥2 µg/dL were 6.6 times more likely to recur than those with a nadir cortisol of &lt; 2 µg/dL (HR 6.6, 2.6-16.6, P &lt; .0001).ConclusionPostoperative nadir serum cortisol is the most important cortisol variable associated with recurrence and time-to-recurrence. Compared to first postoperative cortisol and cortisol halving time, a nadir &lt; 2 µg/dL showed the strongest association with long-term remission and typically occurs within the first 24 to 48 hours after surgery.
Organophosphate Esters Disrupt Steroidogenesis in KGN Human Ovarian Granulosa Cells
Authors: Wang Xiaotong , Lee Elaine , Hales Barbara F , Robaire Bernard 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are used extensively as flame retardants and plasticizers and are found ubiquitously in the environment and human matrices. Previous studies suggested that exposure to some of these chemicals may disrupt the homeostasis of female sex hormones and have detrimental effects on female fertility. Here, we determined the effects of OPEs on the function of KGN ovarian granulosa cells. We hypothesized that OPEs alter the steroidogenic ability of these cells by dysregulating the expression of transcripts involved in steroid and cholesterol biosynthesis. KGN cells were exposed for 48 h to one of five OPEs (1–50 μM): triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), tris(methylphenyl) phosphate (TMPP), isopropylated triphenyl phosphate (IPPP), tert-butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate (BPDP), and tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBOEP), or to a polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardant, 2,2’,4,4’ tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), in the presence or absence of Bu2cAMP. OPEs increased the basal production of progesterone (P4) and 17β-estradiol (E2) and had either no effect or inhibited Bu2cAMP-stimulated P4 and E2 synthesis; exposure to BDE-47 had no effect. qRT-PCR analyses revealed that OPEs (≥5 μM) increased the basal expression of critical genes (STAR, CYP11A1, CYP19A1, HSD3B2, and NR5A1) involved in steroidogenesis; upon stimulation, the expression of all genes tested was downregulated. An overall inhibition in cholesterol biosynthesis was induced by OPEs, characterized by a downregulation in HMGCR and SREBF2 expression. TBOEP consistently showed the least effect. Therefore, OPEs perturbed steroidogenesis in KGN granulosa cells by targeting the expression of steroidogenic enzymes and cholesterol transporters; these effects may have an adverse impact on female reproduction.
Thalidomide-Induced Primary Amenorrhea in a Patient With HbE/Beta-Thalassemia
Authors: Singha Arijit , Mukhopadhyay Pradip , Ghosh Sujoy 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
An 18-year-old girl was evaluated for primary amenorrhea. She was diagnosed with hemoglobin E (HbE)/beta-thalassemia during childhood and needed blood transfusions every month to maintain adequate hemoglobin levels. She was started on thalidomide to reduce her transfusion requirements at 12 years of age and became transfusion independent after 6 months. She had normal stature and Tanner stage 4 sexual maturation, but she failed to attain menarche. Investigations revealed that she had elevated serum gonadotropin levels, indicating primary ovarian dysfunction. Her karyotype was 46,XX. Ultrasonographic examination demonstrated the absence of follicles in both ovaries. There was no evidence of abnormalities of the urogenital tract. Thalidomide was stopped, and she attained menarche spontaneously 3 months thereafter. Subsequently, her menstrual cycles were regular. Repeat ultrasound scans demonstrated the presence of ovarian follicles as well as an increase in ovarian volume. Mechanistic links between ovarian dysfunction and thalidomide remain to be found. One possibility is impaired blood flow and follicular development.
Chronic Semaglutide Treatment in Rats Leads to Daily Excessive Concentration-Dependent Sucrose Intake
Authors: Cawthon Carolina R , Blonde Ginger D , Nisi A Valentina , Bloomston Haley M , Krubitski Belle , le Roux Carel W , Spector Alan C 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Context
The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist semaglutide (SEMA) produces 15% weight loss when chronically administered to humans with obesity.

Methods
In 2 separate experiments, rats received daily injections of either vehicle (VEH) or SEMA starting at 7 µg/kg body weight (BW) and increasing over 10 days to the maintenance dose (70 µg/kg-BW), emulating clinical dose escalation strategies.

Results
During dose escalation and maintenance, SEMA rats reduced chow intake and bodyweight. Experiment 2 meal pattern analysis revealed that meal size, not number, mediated these SEMA-induced changes in chow intake. This suggests SEMA affects neural processes controlling meal termination and not meal initiation. Two-bottle preference tests (vs water) began after 10 to 16 days of maintenance dosing. Rats received either an ascending sucrose concentration series (0.03-1.0 M) and 1 fat solution (Experiment 1) or a 4% and 24% sucrose solution in a crossover design (Experiment 2). At lower sucrose concentrations, SEMA-treated rats in both experiments drank sometimes &gt;2× the volume consumed by VEH controls; at higher sucrose concentrations (and 10% fat), intake was similar between treatment groups. Energy intake of SEMA rats became similar to VEH rats. This was unexpected because GLP-1R agonism is thought to decrease the reward and/or increase the satiating potency of palatable foods. Despite sucrose-driven increases in both groups, a significant bodyweight difference between SEMA- and VEH-treated rats remained.

Conclusion
The basis of the SEMA-induced overconsumption of sucrose at lower concentrations relative to VEH controls remains unclear, but the effects of chronic SEMA treatment on energy intake and BW appear to depend on the caloric sources available.
How to Capture Birds of Freedom: Picturing Tamil Women at War
Authors: Buthpitiya Vindhya 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article examines the uses of images of women fighters of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam during and after the Sri Lankan civil war (1983–2009) to explore the contrasting mobilizations of visual representations of Tamil women cadres, focusing on the cultivation and framing of contradictory nationalist imaginaries by competing ethnic and state actors. In northern Sri Lanka, portraits of gun-bearing women fighters were wielded to signal revolutionary possibilities for the future of the Tamil nation-state as well as to inform the political socialization of its hopeful citizens. Meanwhile, images of Tamil women cadres were cast as gendered and ethnicized threats by the Sri Lankan state in what constituted a calculated form of visual ethno-political othering and weaponization. This article reflects on the ways in which such appropriations exacerbated the political precarity of and the denial of victimhood to Tamil women.
Who Is Missing? Albums and Archives
Authors: Matthew Annu Palakunnathu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
While collecting family photographs of some of the 2.5 million Indians who fought in World War II on behalf of their British colonizer, this article's author, an artist, found that the idea of photographic “ubiquity” was turned on its head. She became increasingly aware of how socioeconomic privilege, caste, and class played a role in who was never photographed and thus who is not represented in the history of photography, in photo albums, and in military archives. Three different installations titled The UNREMEMBERED: Indian Soldiers of World War II include the use family photographs and archival footage. In this article, the artist explores questions about who is not represented in photo albums and archives and approaches to remedying their absence.
On the structure of the foot of the fly
Authors: Hepworth John 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Having paid some attention to the structure of insects, I have carefully examined the fly’s foot (Musca domestica, &c.), and finding much misapprehension on the subject still existing (in a recent popular publication), I thought a few remarks might not be uninteresting to some of the readers of this Journal, and lead to a further investigation by some one more experienced in these matters than- myself. Some months after I had arrived at my conclusions I met with the following remarks, some of which come nearer my own ideas than anything I have yet met with :—
Should Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma and Pathological Nodal Invasion Be Classified As Having Stage IV Disease?
Authors: Yu Kai-Jie , Chen Sy-Yuan , Lin Po-Hung , Liu Chung-Yi , Joon Aron Y. , Yang Yu-Kuan , Shao I.-Hung , Kan Hung-Chen , Chu Yuan-Cheng , Huang Liang-Kang , Chang Ying-Hsu , Chuang Cheng-Keng , Weng Wen-Hui , Pang See-Tong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Lymph node invasion is associated with poor outcome in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Patients and Methods
Patients with RCC within a single center from 2001 to 2018 were retrospectively obtained from the Chang Gung Research Database. Patient gender, physical status, Charlson Comorbidity Index, tumor side, histology, age at diagnosis, and body mass index (BMI) were compared. The overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of each group were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Log-rank tests were used to compare between the subgroups.

Results and Conclusions
A total of 335 patients were enrolled, of whom 76 had pT3N0M0, 29 had pT1–3N1M0, 104 had T1–4N0M1, and 126 had T1–4N1M1 disease. Significant OS difference was noted between pT3N0M0 and pT1–3N1M0 groups with 12.08 years [95% confidence interval (CI), 8.33–15.84] versus 2.58 years (95% CI, 1.32–3.85), respectively (P < 0.005). No significant difference was observed in OS between pT1–3N1M0 and T1–4N0M1 groups with 2.58 years (95% CI, 1.32–3.85) versus 2.50 years (95% CI, 1.85–3.15, P = 0.72). The OS of N1M1 group was worse than that of N0M1 group with 1.00 year (95% CI, 0.74–1.26) versus 2.50 years (95% CI, 1.85–3.15, P < 0.05). Similar results were also observed in CSS. In summary, we claim that RCC with lymph node (LN) invasion should be reclassified as stage IV disease in terms of survival outcome.
IoT in Education: Implementation Scenarios through the Lens of Data Privacy Law
Authors: Kouroupis Konstantinos , Vagianos Dimitrios 
Published: June 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) is today one of the most rapidly developing digital technologies and has managed to establish a solid presence in the academic realm. This article highlights the promising implications of IoT in Education including efficient school management, real-time data collection and analysis, resource management and global interconnectedness. Implementation scenarios are many and incorporate billions of devices that collect huge amounts of data that can be exploited for a wide range of educational purposes. In the post Covid19 era, the IoT as the so-called 3rd revolution of Information technology appeared to be able to support distance learning as well as to protect students in terms of virus spreading, guaranteeing a safe learning environment in their coming back to the classrooms. At the same time, all implementations scenarios raise concerns related to data privacy rights and data security. This article highlights the need for a legal context that protects privacy as well as fundamental rights and freedoms. Since the Internet of Things encompasses new technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain, the study of its regulatory framework is of primary interest. In addition, serious legal and ethical concerns arise which demand a relative critical approach. Therefore, it is pursued the proposal of fruitful guidelines which would lead to a powerful, productive and human-centric educational environment.
The features of reactions to acute stress of neuro-endocrine-immune complex, metabolome, ECG and gastric mucosa in rats with various state of innate muscular endurance and resistance to hypoxia
Authors: Melnyk Oksana , Chendey Ivanna , Zukow Walery , Plyska Oleksandr , Popovych Igor 
Published: June 2023

Background. It is known about wide variety of individual reactions to stress explained by genetics factors. On the other hand, it is also known about aerobic fitness variability between individuals. From the above it follows the hypothesis that inter-individual differences in normal conditions determine the characteristics of the body's response to acute stress. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis. Material and methods. The experiment is at 58 rats (28 males) Wistar line. Animals were tested for resistance to hypoxic hypoxia and aerobic muscular performance by swimming test. On the basis of the received data two qualitatively equivalent groups in a ratio 10/48 were formed. After a week of recovery over the next 10 days, one animal remained intact and 5 other rats were exposed to water-immersion and restraint stress. The next day after stress, the ECG recorded and some endocrine, metabolic and immune parameters determined as well as erosive-ulcerative lesions of the gastric mucosa evaluated. Results. Four clusters by hypoxic and swimming tests were created retrospectively: normal resistance to hypoxia and muscular endurance (n=11); moderately reduced resistance to hypoxia and normal swimming test (n=25); drastic increased swimming test and normal hypoxic test (n=3); significantly increased resistance to hypoxia and normal swimming test (n=9). Each cluster is characterized by specific (correctness of classification 100%) post-stress changes in 6 neuro-endocrine, 12 immune, 10 metabolic and 2 ECGs parameters, as well as the index of damage to the gastric mucosa. The swimming test determines the post-stress state of the registered parameters by 63,8%, the hypoxic test - by 57,5%, and taken together - by 79,1%. Conclusion. The post-stress neuro-endocrine, immune and metabolic parameters as well as injuries of myocardium and gastric mucosa in rats are determined significantly by innate muscular endurance and resistance to hypoxia.
Bone impact after two years of low-dose oral contraceptive use during adolescence
Authors: Orsolini Lilian Rodrigues , Goldberg Tamara Beres Lederer , Caldeirão Talita Domingues , Cristiane da Silva Carla , Rizzo Anapaula da Conceição Bisi , Biason Talita Poli , Teixeira Altamir Santos , Carvalho Nunes Helio Rubens 
Published: June 2023

Objective
Data regarding the use and effect of hormonal contraceptives on bone mass acquisition during adolescence are contradictory. The present study was designed to evaluate bone metabolism in two groups of healthy adolescents using combined oral contraceptives (COC).

Methods
A total of 168 adolescents were recruited from 2014 to 2020 in a non-randomized clinical trial and divided into three groups. The COC1 group used 20 μg Ethinylestradiol (EE)/150 μg Desogestrel and the COC2 group used 30 μg EE/3 mg Drospirenone over a period of two years. These groups were compared to a control group of adolescent non-COC users. The adolescents were submitted to bone densitometry by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and measurement of bone biomarkers, bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and osteocalcin (OC) at baseline and 24 months after inclusion in the study. The three groups studied were compared at the different time points by ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test.

Results
Incorporation of bone mass was greater in non-users at all sites analyzed (4.85 g in lumbar Bone mineral content (BMC)) when compared to adolescents of the COC1 and COC2 groups, with a respective increase of 2.15 g and loss of 0.43g in lumbar BMC (P = 0.001). When comparing subtotal BMC, the control increased 100.83 g, COC 1 increased 21.46 g, and COC 2 presented a reduction of 1.47 g (P = 0.005). The values of bone markers after 24 months are similar for BAP, being 30.51 U/L (± 11.6) for the control group, 34.95 U/L (± 10.8) for COC1, and 30.29 U/L for COC 2 (± 11.5) (P = 0.377). However, when we analyzed OC, we observed for control, COC 1, and COC 2 groups, respectively, 13.59 ng/mL (± 7.3), 6.44 ng/mL (± 4.6), and 9.48 ng/mL (± 5.9), with P = 0.003. Despite loss to follow-up occurring in the three groups, there were no significant differences between the variables in adolescents at baseline who remained in the study during the 24-month follow-up and those who were excluded or lost to follow-up.

Conclusion
Bone mass acquisition was compromised in healthy adolescents using combined hormonal contraceptives when compared to controls. This negative impact seems to be more pronounced in the group that used contraceptives containing 30 μg EE.

Clinical trial registration
http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br, RBR-5h9b3c. “Low-dose combined oral contraceptive use is associated with lower bone mass in adolescents”.
Assessment of vaccine perception and vaccination intention of Mpox infection among the adult males in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study findings
Authors: Islam Md. Rabiul , Haque Md. Anamul , Ahamed Bulbul , Tanbir Md. , Khan Md. Robin , Eqbal Saba , Rahman Md. Ashrafur , Shahriar Mohammad , Bhuiyan Mohiuddin Ahmed 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundMpox (monkeypox) infection has become a global concern for healthcare authorities after spreading in multiple non-endemic countries. Following the sudden multi-country outbreak of Mpox, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a public health emergency of international concern. We do not have any vaccines approved for the prevention of Mpox infection. Therefore, international healthcare authorities endorsed smallpox vaccines for the prevention of Mpox disease. Here we intended to perform this cross-sectional study among the adult males in Bangladesh to assess the Mpox vaccine perception and vaccination intention.MethodsWe conducted this web-based survey among the adult males in Bangladesh from September 1, 2022, to November 30, 2022, using Google Forms. We assessed the Mpox vaccine perception and vaccination intention. We performed a chi-square test to compare vaccine perception and vaccination intention levels. Also, we performed multiple logistic regression analyses to determine the association between the study parameters and the sociodemographic profile of the participants.ResultsAccording to the present study, the Mpox vaccine perception was high among 60.54% of the respondents. Also, 60.05% of respondents showed medium vaccination intention. Mpox vaccine perception and vaccination intention were strongly associated with the sociodemographic profiles of the participants. Furthermore, we discovered a significant association between the level of education and vaccination intention among the respondents. Also, age and marital status played a role in the Mpox vaccine perception and vaccination intention.ConclusionOur findings showed a significant association between sociodemographic characteristics and the Mpox vaccine perception/vaccination intention. Along with the country’s long experience in mass immunization, campaigns about Covid-19 vaccines and high vaccination rates might play a role in Mpox vaccine perception and vaccination intention. We recommend more social awareness and educational communications or seminars for the target population to bring more positive changes in their attitude towards Mpox prevention.
Analytic solution to swing equations in power grids with ZIP load models
Authors: Oh HyungSeon 
Published: June 2023

Objective
This research pioneers a novel approach to obtain a closed-form analytic solution to the nonlinear second order differential swing equation that models power system dynamics. The distinctive element of this study is the integration of a generalized load model known as a ZIP load model (constant impedance Z, constant current I, and constant power P loads).

Methods
Building on previous work where an analytic solution for the swing equation was derived in a linear system with limited load types, this study introduces two fundamental novelties: 1) the innovative examination and modeling of the ZIP load model, successfully integrating constant current loads to augment constant impedance and constant power loads; 2) the unique derivation of voltage variables in relation to rotor angles employing the holomorphic embedding (HE) method and the Padé approximation. These innovations are incorporated into the swing equations to achieve an unprecedented analytical solution, thereby enhancing system dynamics. Simulations on a model system were performed to evaluate transient stability.

Results
The ZIP load model is ingeniously utilized to generate a linear model. A comparison of the developed load model and analytical solution with those obtained through time-domain simulation demonstrated the remarkable precision and efficacy of the proposed model across a range of IEEE model systems.

Conclusion
The study addresses the key challenges in power system dynamics, namely the diverse load characteristics and the time-consuming nature of time-domain simulation. Breaking new ground, this research proposes an analytical solution to the swing equation using a comprehensive ZIP model, without resorting to unphysical assumptions. The close-form solution not only assures computational efficiency but also preserves accuracy. This solution effectively estimates system dynamics following a disturbance, representing a significant advancement in the field.