bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growing Leadership Spirit in Students Through the Concept of Khalifah fil Ardhi
Authors: Rohana Rohana 
Published: June 2023

Abstract: This paper describes the concept of khalifah fil ardhi as God's representative in prospering the earth. Humans as khalifah fil 'ard have two meanings, namely khalifah in the sense of head of state and caliph as a substitute and inhabitant of Allah's earth. This research includes literature study, The type of data collected is in from various articles, papers,library sources and appropriate documents. The data obtained, then collected, compiled, reviewed, analyzed, and concluded so as to obtain recommendations regarding the study of literature. This paper aims to instill awareness in students to realize the spirit of leadership as an effort to build, care for, and preserve the earth. Students as educated human beings have an urgent task as a leader and it is necessary to develop a leadership spirit. Things that students can do include; (1) become a learner (learner), (2) become an observer (heart) and, (3) become a thinker (thinker) and care. These three things are expected to be understood and applied in everyday life as an effort to foster a leadership spirit in students. Keywords: Leadhership, Student, Khalifah fil ArdhiAbstrak: Tulisan ini menjelaskan tentang konsep khalifah fil ardhi sebagai wakil Tuhan dalam memakmurkan bumi. Manusia sebagai khalifah fil ardhi mempunyai dua arti, yaitu khalifah dalam arti kepala negara dan khalifah sebagai pengganti dan penghuni bumi Allah Swt. Penelitian ini termasuk ke dalam jenis penelitian studi literature. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan berupa hasil penelitian dari berbagai artikel, makalah, sumber pustaka dan dokumen yang sesuai. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dikumpulkan, disusun, ditelaah, dianalisis, dan disimpulkan sehingga diperoleh rekomendasi terkait kajian kepustakaan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menanamkan kesadaran pada mahasiswa agar terwujudnya jiwa kepemimpinan sebagai upaya membangun, merawat, dan melestarikan bumi. Mahasiswa sebagai manusia yang terpelajar mempunyai tugas yang urgent sebagai pemimpin dan perlu ditumbuhkannya jiwa kepemimpinan. Hal yang dapat dilakukan mahasiswa diantaranya; (1) menjadi seorang pem(belajar), (2) menjadi seorang pemer(hati) dan, (3) menjadi seorang pe(mikir) dan peduli. Ketiga hal tersebut diharapkan dapat dipahami dan diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sebagai upaya dalam menumbuhkan jiwa kepemimpinan pada diri mahasiswa.Kata Kunci: Jiwa Kepemimpinan, Mahasiswa, Khalifah fil Ardhi
Revisions to Acute/Off-Nominal Limits for Benzene in Spacecraft Air
Authors: Ryder Valerie Elizabeth , Williams Edward Spencer 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND: The previous short-term (1-h and 24-h) Spacecraft Maximal Allowable Concentrations (SMACs) for benzene were established at 10 and 3 ppm by NASA in 1996, based on a study of mice in which no hematological effects were noted following two 6-h exposures to benzene. When the benzene SMACs were updated in 2008, there was no revision to the short-term SMAC limits. Rather, that effort developed a long-term SMAC (1000-d) for Exploration mission scenarios.
Acute benzene exposures can cause numerous neurological effects, and long-term exposure to low levels is well-known to cause acute myeloid leukemia. Since publication of the original benzene SMACs, the National Academy of Sciences developed interim Acute Exposure Guideline Limits (AEGLs) for unintentional releases of benzene into the air. Based on the data used to establish the AEGLs, we have increased our short-term, off-nominal limits for benzene in crewed spacecraft to 40 ppm and 6.7 ppm for 1-h and 24-h, respectively.

Ryder VE, Williams ES. Revisions to acute/off-nominal limits for benzene in spacecraft air. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(7):544–545.
The author's complex of hydrokinesiotherapy as method of rehabilitation of patients with rheumatoid arthritis after total hip replacement (preliminary message)
Authors: Khasanov E. R. , Akhtyamov I. F. , Aidarov V. I. 
Published: June 2023

Introduction. Rehabilitation of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and polyarthritis after arthroplasty is a debatable and open issue. The main direction in their rehabilitation is physical therapy, and the safest and most convenient way is aqua gymnastics.The aim. To analyze the clinical and functional results in patients with rheumatoid arthritis after a course of hydrokinesiotherapy after total hip arthroplasty. Materials and methods. Twenty patients after total hip arthroplasty used the bipedal cyclic swimming method (Patent of Russia No. 2733686) to supplement the standard rehabilitation complex. The course consisted of 7–10 lessons and was carried out 1.5 months after the operation. The evaluation criteria were pain syndrome according to the visual analog scale, goniometry, DAS28 (Disease Activity Score in 28 joints), Harris scale and short-HAQ (short Health Assessment Questionnaire).Results. Eighteen patients remained in the study. They said that active water activities reduced the pain syndrome. In terms of angle measurements, we saw an improvement in ﬂexion and extension in the joint. The study shows that arthroplasty with synovectomy helps to reduce the activity of the disease, and the use of aqua gymnastics in half of the cases supports this trend. All patients improved on the Harris and HAQ scores, but the best scores were in patients who were in remission or had low disease activity before surgery.Conclusions. The presented method of swimming can improve postoperative results. This study is a pilot one and requires further study using a control comparison group.
The in vivo and in vitro corrosion behavior of MgO/Mg-Zn-Ca composite with different Zn/Ca ratio
Authors: Zhang Shuquan , Tang Chaokun , Feng Jiangtao , Wang Qi , Li Chenguang , Zhang Weihao , Zhou Fengxin , Xue Feng , Xu Baoshan , Lyu Shaoyuan , Chen Minfang , Wang Hao 
Published: June 2023

The effect of Zn/Ca ratio on the corrosion behavior of Mg–3Zn-0.2Ca-1.0MgO (3ZX) and Mg–1Zn-0.2Ca-1.0MgO (ZX) was investigated on the as-extruded specimens. Microstructure observations revealed that the low Zn/Ca ratio led to the grain growth from 1.6 µm in 3ZX to 8.1 µm in ZX. At the same time, the low Zn/Ca ratio changed the nature of second phase from the existence of Mg-Zn and Ca2Mg6Zn3 phases in 3ZX to the dominated Ca2Mg6Zn3 phase in ZX. The local galvanic corrosion caused by the excessive potential difference was alleviated obviously due to the missing of MgZn phase in ZX. Besides, the in vivo experiment also showed that ZX composite exhibited a good corrosion performance and the bone tissue around the implant grew well.
Potential utilization of oil shale as a stabilizing material for compressed Earth block
Authors: Al-Fhaid Hamza , Edris Walid Fouad , Al-Tamimi Mahmoud 
Published: June 2023

This research aims to produce a compressed Earth block (CEB) product locally from soil collected from North Jordan. The CEB mixture was further stabilized using oil shale (OS) and ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The CEB specimens were thoroughly characterized by studying their mechanical properties (compressive and flexural strength) and durability characteristics (erosion, absorption, and shrinkage tests). Eight mixtures were carried out for the CEB, one of which was the control mix. The other mixtures were carried out by replacing soil with OS, cement, and sand in different proportions. The results showed that higher compressive strength and flexural strength for CEB were obtained in the mixtures that contained 10% of OS and 10% of cement, resulting in an average compressive strength of 10.6 MPa and flexural strength of 0.25 MPa. The absorption increased when the OS increased in the soil. The consequent erosion test was related to the absorption test, where the higher the absorption, the more negative the results of the erosion test. Moreover, oil shale improved the shrinkage properties of the CEB, as the higher the proportion of oil shale in the CEB, the lower the shrinkage. Finally, using oil shale as a stabilizing agent in soil had a clear role in improving the mechanical properties, hiding the shrinkage cracks, and reducing the volume shrinkage value of the CEB.
Excessive load
Authors: Poutanen Tuomo , Pursiainen Sampsa , Länsivaara Tim 
Published: June 2023

Sometimes structural loads are excessively high, and a decision must be made if intervention, either removal of the excess load or strengthening of the structure, is needed. This issue was addressed previously in the retrofitting literature. However, equations for excess load calculation were not presented. This article includes equations based on the full probabilistic reliability model for the failure probability of excessive load of three materials: steel, timber, and concrete. Failure probabilities are given as a function of the load designed for full capacity according to the Eurocodes. Safe excessive loads, i.e., loads with a failure probability less than 1/1500, are given, too. The load combination is a critical issue in this study. There are many options for load combination, which vary regarding the dependent vs. independent load combination, dependent vs. independent reliability calculation, the reference time, and the reference reliability. The conclusion is that the loads should be combined dependently, reliability should be calculated dependently, the reference time is 50 years, and the reliability is 50 years. We stress that the reliability of steel structures is questionably low in the current Eurocodes.
PD-L1 and tumor-infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes are correlated with clinical characteristics in pediatric and adolescent pituitary adenomas
Authors: Shi Mengwu , Song Yifu , Zhang Yaochuan , Li Longjie , Yu Juanhan , Hou Ana , Han Sheng 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveTo investigate the levels of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes (CD8+ TILs) and the expression of programmed cell death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of pediatric and adolescent pituitary adenomas (PAPAs) and analyze the correlation between their levels and the clinical characteristics.MethodsA series of 43 PAPAs cases were enrolled over a period of 5 years. To compare the TME of PAPAs and adult PAs, 43 PAPAs cases were matched with 60 adult PAs cases (30 cases were between 20 and 40 years old, and 30 cases were older than 40 years) for main clinical characteristics. The expression of immune markers in PAPAs was detected by immunohistochemistry, and their correlation with the clinical outcomes was analyzed using statistical methods.ResultsIn the PAPAs group, CD8+ TILs level was significantly lower (3.4 (5.7) vs. 6.1 (8.5), p = 0.001), and PD-L1 expression (0.040 (0.022) vs. 0.024 (0.024), p &lt; 0.0001) was significantly higher as compared with the older group. The level of CD8+ TILs was negatively correlated with the expression of PD-L1 (r = −0.312, p = 0.042). Moreover, CD8+ TILs and PD-L1 levels were associated with Hardy (CD8, p = 0.014; PD-L1, p = 0.018) and Knosp (CD8, p = 0.02; PD-L1, p = 0.017) classification. CD8+ TILs level was associated with high-risk adenomas (p = 0.015), and it was associated with the recurrence of PAPAs (HR = 0.047, 95% CI 0.003–0.632, p = 0.021).ConclusionCompared with the TME in adult PAs, the TME in PAPAs was found to express a significantly altered level of CD8+ TILs and PD-L1. In PAPAs, CD8+ TILs and PD-L1 levels were associated with clinical characteristics.
The prolonged impact of COVID-19 on symptoms, health-related quality of life, fatigue and mental well-being: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Brus Iris M. , Spronk Inge , Haagsma Juanita A. , de Groot Annemieke , Tieleman Peter , Biere-Rafi Sara , Polinder Suzanne 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundA subset of patients experience persisting symptoms after an acute COVID-19 infection, referred to as “post COVID-19 condition”. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare symptoms, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), fatigue, mental well-being, and determinants of diminished HRQoL, between patients with post COVID-19 condition categorized by time since acute infection.MethodsWe performed an online survey and analyzed responses of 10,194 adult respondents with a confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection, who experienced persisting symptoms ≥3 months after the initial infection. The most debilitating symptoms and health outcomes were studied separately for respondents 3–6, 7–9, 10–12, 13–18, 19–24, and &gt;24 months after acute infection.ResultsAt each time period, fatigue, sensory-processing problems, and concentration problems were the most debilitating symptoms reported by respondents, although the proportion of respondents who reported these symptoms differed significantly between time periods. Respondents 3–6 months post-acute infection had the lowest HRQoL (median EQ-5D utility score: 0.59), the highest fatigue level (median score: 110.0) and the highest proportion with a likely depressive disorder (32.4%), whereas respondents 13–18 months post-infection had the highest HRQoL (0.65), the lowest fatigue level (106.0), and the second lowest proportion with a likely depressive disorder (25.0%) (p = 0.000–0.007). Compared to those 13–18 and 19–24 months post-infection, respondents &gt;24 months post-infection had a slightly lower HRQoL (0.60), lower fatigue level (108.0), and lower proportion with a likely depressive disorder (29.2%), although only the differences in HRQoL were statistically significant (p = 0.001–0.010). Younger age, female gender, lower level of education, not having paid work before COVID-19, comorbidity, and not being vaccinated, seemed to be associated with lower HRQoL.ConclusionRegardless of time since infection, respondents considered fatigue, sensory processing problems and concentration problems the most debilitating symptoms. They experienced a low HRQoL and severe fatigue, even more than two years after acute COVID-19 infection. Respondents 3–6 months post-infection had the worst health outcomes, whereas respondents 13–18 months post-infection had the best outcomes, indicating that, at least for a subgroup of patients, health status may improve over time.
Troglomorphic adaptations on the northern European frontier: the phylogeny of the cave Pseudosinella (Hexapoda, Collembola) in the Western Carpathians
Authors: Kováč Ĺubomír , Žurovcová Martina , Raschmanová Natália , Jureková Nikola , Papáč Vladimír , Parimuchová Andrea 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionUsing an integrative taxonomic approach, we investigated the morphological and molecular characters to identify the species of the genus Pseudosinella occurring in caves of the Western Carpathians and to clarify their phylogenetic relationships. Based on morphological characters, we hypothesized that Pseudosinella aggtelekiensis (Stach, 1929) and Pseudosinella paclti (Rusek, 1961) originated from different phyletic lineages.MethodsWe used the barcoding fragment of the mtDNA COI gene from 87 individuals from 16 caves to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of the genus Pseudosinella.ResultsThe molecular phylogenetic tree revealed two distinct species groups with allopatric distributions. The first group consisted of P. aggtelekiensis populations from the Slovak Karst and three undescribed species from fragmented and isolated karst areas in southeastern Slovakia. The second group, P. paclti populations in the Central Western Carpathians, was merged. This group included Pseudosinellamuranensis, a new species taxonomically described in this work. It is characterized by highly developed troglomorphic features and is restricted to a small karst area, the Muranska planina Plateau. The phylogeny of the genus Pseudosinella from the caves of the Western Carpathians revealed a Miocene diversification. According to molecular calibration, the two distinct Pseudosinella lineages were separated in the Middle Miocene, about 14.51 Mya, followed by further diversification in the P. paclti lineage 10.89 Mya and in the P. aggtelekiensis lineage 11.14 Mya.DiscussionThis phylogeny is consistent with the uplift of Triassic limestones during the early formation of the Western Carpathians in the Paratethys region and the initial development of caves during this period. The study provides further important evidence that the Western Carpathians played a significant role as an independent speciation center of the obligate cave fauna in Europe.
Double whammy: the genetic variants in CECR2 and high Hcy on the development of neural tube defects
Authors: Bai Baoling , Jiang Qian , Liu Lingyun , Liu Changyun , Zhang Qin 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Neural tube defects (NTDs) are serious congenital malformations. The etiology of NTDs involves both genetic and environmental factors. Loss of CECR2 in mice has been shown to result in NTDs. Our previous study indicated that high homocysteine (HHcy) levels could further reduced the expression level of CECR2. This investigation aims to explore the genetic influence of the chromatin remodeling gene, CECR2, in humans and determine if HHcy can have a synergistic effect on protein expression.Methods: We conducted Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) of the CECR2 gene in 373 NTD cases and 222 healthy controls, followed by functional assay application to select and evaluate CECR2 missense variants and subsequent Western blotting to identify protein expression levels.Results: From the analysis, we identified nine rare, NTD-specific mutations within the CECR2 gene. Significantly, four missense variants (p.E327V, p.T521S, p.G701R, and p.G868R) were selected via functional screening. The E9.5 mouse ectodermal stem cell line NE-4C, transfected with plasmids expressing p.E327V, p.T521S, p.G868R variants or a recombinant harboring all four (named as 4Mut), exhibited notable reductions in CECR2 protein expression. Furthermore, exposure to homocysteine thiolactone (HTL), an extremely reactive homocysteine metabolite, amplified the reduction in CECR2 expression, accompanied by a significant increase in the apoptotic molecule Caspase3 activity, a potential NTD inducer. Importantly, folic acid (FA) supplementation effectively counteracted the CECR2 expression decline induced by CECR2 mutation and HTL treatment, leading to reduced apoptosis.Discussion: Our observations underscore a synergistic relationship between HHcy and genetic variations in CECR2 concerning NTDs, thereby reinforcing the concept of gene-environment interaction phenomena in NTD etiology.
The H2-A Class II molecule α/β-chain cis-mismatch severely affects cell surface expression, selection of conventional CD4+ T cells and protection against TB infection
Authors: Logunova Nadezhda , Kapina Marina , Kondratieva Elena , Apt Alexander 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionTo dissect the role of the part of the H2 complex comprised of the MHC-II genes in the control of tuberculosis (TB) infection, we previously established a panel of recombinant congenic mouse strains bearing different segments of the H2j haplotype on the B6 (H2b) genetic background. Fine genetic mapping, gene sequencing and assessment of TB phenotypes resulted in identification of the H2-Ab gene as a major factor of TB control.MethodsWe further narrowed the MHC-II H2j interval by spotting a new recombination event, sequencing newly established DNA configuration and establishing a mouse strain B6.I-103 in which j/b recombination occurred within the coding sequence of the H2-Ab gene.ResultsUnexpectedly, a novel H2-Aαb/AβjE0 haplotype provided exclusively high susceptibility to TB challenge. Immunologic analysis revealed an altered CD4+ T-cell selection and maintenance in B6.I-103 mice, as well as seriously impaired expression of the H2-Aαb/Aβj molecule on the surface of antigen presenting cells. Unlike previously reported cases of Class II malfunctioning, the defective phenotype arose not from strong structural mutations, but from regular recombination events within the MHC-II recombination hot spot region.DiscussionOur findings provide evidence that Class II α/β-chain cis-allelic mismatches created by regular genetic recombination may severely affect immune system functioning. This issue is discussed in the context of the MHC evolution.
Mixed convection and thermal radiation effects on non-Newtonian nanofluid flow with peristalsis and Ohmic heating
Authors: Alrashdi Abdulwahed Muaybid A. 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: This investigation explores the heat and mass transfer properties of a non-Newtonian nanofluid containing graphene nano-powder and ethylene glycol during peristalsis. The rheological characteristics of the nanofluid are determined using the Carreau-Yasuda model, and various factors such as viscous dissipation, Lorentz force, Ohmic heating, and Hall effects are taken into account. Mixed convection and thermal radiation effects are also considered in the analysis, and the problem is mathematically described using the long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximations.Methods: The resulting nonlinear system is solved using numerical methods to obtain the solutions. The dominant effects of mixed convection and thermal radiation are given particular attention, while the influences of other parameters are discussed in relation to these dominant effects.Results and Discussion: The results demonstrate that increasing the Brinkman number, heat source, and thermal slip parameter leads to higher nanofluid temperatures. However, the heat transfer rate decreases with a higher Hall parameter. The velocity near the center of the channel increases for higher values of the concentration Grashof and Hall parameters. Furthermore, an increase in the Hall and Brownian motion parameters results in a higher concentration of nanoparticles. These findings have practical implications in various fields, including materials science, chemical engineering, and biomedical engineering.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hand hygiene compliance of healthcare workers in a tertiary hospital in East China
Authors: Zhang Xing , Ma Yonghui , Kong Li , Li Yusen , Wang Juan , Li Ning , Xia Yujie , Wang Peng , Zhang Min , Liu Lili , Zhang Dingding , Wen Luhan , Wang Shuangshuang , Liu Zhenghui , Yue Xia , Wang Jixia , Zhang Tong , Meng Xiujuan 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionHand hygiene is a cost-effective measure to reduce healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in healthcare facilities. The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on hand hygiene performance (HHP) provided evidence for targeted hand hygiene intervention measures.MethodsThis study evaluated the HHP rate in a tertiary hospital before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. HHP was checked by infection control doctors or nurses every day, and they inputted the HHP rate to the full-time infection control staff every week. A random examination of HHP was conducted by a confidential worker every month. The HHP of healthcare workers (HCWs) was monitored in the outpatient department, inpatient ward, and operating room from January 2017 to October 2022. The influence of COVID-19 prevention and control strategies on HHP was elucidated by analyzing the results of HHP during the study period.ResultsThe average HHP rate of HCWs was 86.11% from January 2017 to October 2022. The HHP rate of HCWs after the COVID-19 pandemic was statistically significantly higher than that before the pandemic (P &lt; 0.001). The HHP rate was the highest (93.01%) in September 2022 when the local epidemic occurred. Among the different occupation categories, medical technicians showed the highest HHP rate (89.10%). The HHP rate was the highest after contact with body fluids or blood of patients (94.47%).ConclusionThe HHP rate of HCWs in our hospital showed an increasing trend in the recent 6 years, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the increase was most obvious during the local epidemic.