bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Costs of outpatient services at selected primary healthcare centers in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hasan Md. Zahid , Mehdi Gazi Golam , Tisha Khadija Islam , Rabbani Md. Golam , Ahmed Mohammad Wahid , Paul Subrata , Islam Ziaul , Mahmood Shehrin Shaila 
Published: January 2025

Background
Upazila Health Complexes (UzHC) serve as the backbone of primary healthcare (PHC) at the sub-district level in Bangladesh, delivering comprehensive healthcare services including both inpatient and outpatient services to the grassroots levels. However, not all the prescribed medicines and diagnostics services are always available at these facilities for outpatient care. This results in out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) to the patients for getting prescribed medicines and diagnostics services which has not been properly explored. Thus, we aimed to estimate the overall provider and user costs for outpatient care services at selected UzHCs in Bangladesh.

Methods
An ingredient-based costing approach was applied to estimate the costs for the most commonly reported illnesses at outpatient of UzHCs from a societal perspective. We conducted a health facility survey at four purposively selected UzHCs to estimate provider costs and a patient exit survey among 452 patients of selected illnesses to estimate the user costs. Commonly reported illnesses were identified in consultation with healthcare providers of these facilities. The difference between costs of prescribed and provided medicines at UzHCs was estimated using the market prices. Data was collected between February to March 2021.

Results
The societal costs of the common outpatient illness or symptoms varied significantly, ranging from BDT 642 to BDT 1,384 per episode. Antenatal care had the highest cost burden at BDT 1,384, followed by respiratory illness at BDT 783 and urinary tract infection at BDT 670. On average, the provider spent BDT 289 for treating an outpatient, while a patient incurred BDT 446 as OOPE. Further, a patient was expected to spend an average of BDT 341 for purchasing medicines not provided from UzHCs.

Conclusion
Our study found significant gaps between prescribed and provided medicines at UzHCs, leading to higher OOPE for patients. The current healthcare resource allocation strategy does not consider the outpatient load and healthcare demand at PHC facilities, which further exacerbates this gap. Addressing this gap requires a fundamental shift towards a demand-driven resource allocation model within the healthcare financing strategy to improve healthcare access and achieve health for all.
Special Issue: Designing for Equity within Problem-Based and Project-Based Learning
Authors: Holincheck Nancy , Bergeron Liz , Butler Tiffany 
Published: January 2025

We are pleased to introduce this special issue of the International Journal of Problem-Based Learning (IJPBL), titled “Designing for Equity within Problem-Based and Project-Based Learning.” In this issue, we focus on designing intentionally for equity within Project-based and Problem-based Learning to foster educational equity, advance justice, and promote deeper, more meaningful learning experiences for all students.
Wolność podszyta traumą w autofikcjach Leopolda Buczkowskiego
Authors: Winiecka Elżbieta 
Published: January 2025

This article is about Leopold Buczkowski's experimental writing. Drawing on his prose, as well as the writer's wartime diary and his photographic and visual art work, the author shows that his formal explorations in the sphere of the novel can be explained to a much greater extent than previously thought by the writer's personal experiences. Traumatic experiences from his youth (the genocide in his native Podolia and the loss of his home, the death of his two brothers, his participation in the Warsaw Uprising) left their mark on his personality and made all his later interdisciplinary work a form of self-therapy, as well as a space of freedom and independence. Writing, composing, drawing and painting were treated by Buczkowski as a sphere of searching for his own individual truth, which he tried to express in artistic matter. Freedom and trauma are treated as key words for understanding the work of the author of Bathing in Lucca.
Wolność czy destrukcja? Atómy Boha Gejzy Vámoša w kontekście dyskursu maladycznego
Authors: Goszczyńska Joanna 
Published: January 2025

Artykuł przynosi interpretację powieści słowackiego pisarza okresu międzywojnia koncentrującą się na kilku jej aspektach: wymiarze patograficznym, sferze cielesności w przeżywaniu choroby, osobowości defektywnej głównego bohatera – lekarza i metaforyzacji choroby. Uwzględnione też zostało filozoficzne zaplecze postawy autora, filozofia Nietzschego i Schopenhauera. Dla autora artykułu inspirująca była natomiast myśl Ciorana.
Medienbildung in Öffentlichen Bibliotheken
Authors: Zumbrägel Lambert , Maucher Martha 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung
Die Stadtbücherei Würzburg hat einen Bibliotheksentwicklungsplan erstellt, der als Grundlage für die strategische Ausrichtung und Weiterentwicklung dient. Dabei wurde die digitale Teilhabe als eines der zentralen Leitziele definiert. Im Mittelpunkt des vorliegenden Artikels steht das Projekt „Level3 – Digitalisierung erleben“, das als innovative Plattform für digitale Bildung sowie als Experimentierraum für neue Formate und den Wissensaustausch fungiert. Der Artikel beleuchtet neben dem inhaltlichen Konzept auch die konkreten Angebote und Möglichkeiten von Level3, die ersten Erkenntnisse zur Wirksamkeit sowie die Herausforderungen und Chancen bei der Integration in die Organisationsstruktur der Stadtbücherei Würzburg.
Two Regularization Methods for Identifying the Initial Value of Time-Fractional Telegraph Equation
Authors: Liang Ying-Qing , Yang Fan , Li Xiao-Xiao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this article, an inverse problem for identifying the initial value of time-fractional telegraph equation is addressed.
This is a typical ill-posed problem, meaning the solution does not depend continuously on the data.
Besides, we give the conditional stability result based on an a priori bound condition.
We utilize the modified quasi-boundary regularization method and the Landweber iterative regularization method to obtain the corresponding approximate solutions, respectively.
The convergent error estimates under the a priori regularization parameter selection rule and the a posteriori regularization parameter selection rule are given.
Some numerical experiments testify the effectiveness and precision of the proposed methods.
Seed germination of the medicinal plant Ferula gigantea
Authors: Zhou R. , Boboev M. , Kurbonova P. , Li W.J. , Lu T. 
Published: January 2025

Ferula gigantea is a perennial herb valued for its medicinal and ornamental properties. The declining survival rate of F. gigantea in its natural habitat has prompted research on seed germination to aid relocation and conservation efforts. Here, we examined seed morphology through controlled experiments and investigated the impact of gibberellic acid (GA3) soaking and low-temperature stratification on seed germination. A 90-day low-temperature stratification period yielded the highest germination of 86.7%. In conclusion, pre-sowing low temperature stratification for 90 days is an effective method for improving seed germination in F. gigantea.
Proteomics unveil candidate biomarkers and pathogenesis of subacute thyroiditis
Authors: Ran Litong , Liu Xiufei , Tian Yongfeng , Zhu Jiaran , Gong Zhengyuan , Qiao Qiao , Jiang Xin , Wang Yuren , Yang Guojun , Zheng Hongting , Zheng Yi , Qu Hua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSubacute thyroiditis (SAT) is an inflammatory thyroid disease characterized by neck pain, tenderness, general symptoms and thyroid dysfunction. Despite gaining new insights into the epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of SAT in recent years, the exact pathogenesis and determinants of its clinical progression remain unclear. Here, we profiled thyroid in situ protein alterations in fine-needle aspiration biopsy samples from SAT patients using proteomic analysis and uncovered 57 differentially abundant proteins. Gene ontology and KEGG enrichment analyses identified that these proteins were enriched in processes involving infection, inflammatory response and cell adhesion and junction, which likely contribute to the pathogenesis. Moreover, the top three high-abundance proteins (nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), FTL and thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP)) were further validated in the plasma from a larger SAT cohort using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After adjusting for sex, Spearman correlation analysis showed that NNMT, FTL and TYMP levels were positively correlated with FT3, FT4, T3, T4, Tg and erythrocyte sedimentation rate and negatively correlated with thyroid-stimulating hormone. Furthermore, binary logistic regression analyses revealed that NNMT, FTL and TYMP were independent factors of SAT. We also conducted a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to assess the diagnostic accuracy of NNMT, FTL and TYMP for SAT. The results revealed that each factor demonstrated an area under the curve score above 0.8. Thus, these high-abundance proteins can potentially serve as biomarkers for SAT diagnosis and outcome prediction. Our findings provide valuable insights into SAT biomarkers and shed light on the potential pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of SAT.HighlightsProteomic profiling identifies NNMT, FTL and TYMP as potential biomarkers for SAT.This study reveals significant enrichment of infection, inflammatory response and cell adhesion pathways in SAT pathogenesis.Elevated plasma NNMT, FTL and TYMP levels reflect SAT-related inflammatory and metabolic alterations.
Assessing Functional Outcomes in the Pediatric Neurocritical Care Population After Discharge: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sperber Amelia M. , Chang Nathan , Casazza May , Teeyagura Prathyusha , Thompson Julie A. , Pyke-Grimm Kimberly , Kelly Maryellen S. , Rasmussen Lindsey K. 
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVES
Pediatric neurocritical care (PNCC) patients experience high rates of morbidity, but comprehensive follow-up is not universal. We sought to identify predictors of functional decline in these children to guide future resource allocation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
We conducted a prospective observational study in a quaternary children’s hospital pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) from July 2023 to December 2023. Patients (aged 3–17 years) were admitted with a PNCC diagnosis, and their caregivers were enrolled. Outcomes were assessed through surveys using the Functional Status Scale (FSS) at time of consent (baseline) and the 2-month follow-up after PICU discharge. Follow-up surveys explored social, educational, and cognitive difficulties encountered after discharge. Functional decline was defined as any increase in FSS between baseline and follow-up, and severe morbidity was defined as an overall increase of 3 or more or an increase of 2 or more in one domain. Demographic and in-hospital variables were extracted from a clinical database to analyze with outcomes.

RESULTS
A total 30 of 31 families consented, and 29 completed follow-up surveys. Out of those, 17 (58.6%) patients had a functional decline, 8 (27.6%) had a new severe morbidity, only 12 (41.4%) had returned to school, and 16 (55.2%) had new family hardships. Mechanical ventilation was a significant predictor of functional decline (odds ratio, 6.50, 95% CI, 1.26–33.58; P = .025).

CONCLUSIONS
This study supplements reports of high morbidity after pediatric neurocritical illness. Targeting patients most at risk for functional decline, such as those receiving mechanical ventilation, can support efficient resource allocation for follow-up programs promoting health-related quality of life. Larger studies are needed to validate and expand on these findings.
The potential of trade and economic cooperation between Brazil and the Samara region based on the integration of exports and imports
Authors: Khmeleva G. A. , Chirkunova E. K. , Guseva M. S. , Khilov D. V. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: is to reveal the potential for strengthening trade and economic cooperation between the Samara region and the Brazilian States by identifying the regional needs of the latter in non-energy goods.Methods:the article applies the statistical method of structural and dynamic analysis, calculates the index of complementarity, and adapts the Balassa index and the export potential.Results: the essence of the potential of trade and economic cooperation is revealed and the connection between the coupling of commodity flows with the non-energy potential of the region is shown. The authors identified the most active the Brazilian States and import-intensive groups of goods in trade with the Russian Federation. The Brazilian States with high potential for expanding supplies of non-energy products that can become centers of attraction in foreign trade for Russian regions were identified. Estimated values of export potential volumes, which expand the possibilities of trade and economic cooperation between the Samara region and the Brazilian States, are presented, and the conditions of export supplies are determined.Сonclusions and Relevance: the scale of coupling of commodity flows with trade partners is the basis for the formation and realization of export potential of countries and their regions. Despite the sanctions, Russian-Brazilian cooperation has reached the level of strategic partnership, almost all the Brazilian States import Russian products, many of them increase imports. It has been established that the main channels of supply of Russian products to the Brazilian market are concentrated in the port Brazil States, traditionally the most open for trade cooperation with the countries of the world. Despite the fact that the processes of product diversification in mutual trade are developing slowly, the strategic partnership allows building long-term plans for further trade cooperation by expanding trade of the Samara region with the Brazilian States with a high share of dependence on imports of non-energy goods, which the Russian region specializes in producing. The complementarity index confirmed the complementarity of commodity flows between the Samara Region and a number of the Brazilian States. In the conditions of reorientation of export flows, the opportunities of the Samara region lie in the expansion of trade in food products, chemical industry, electrical and mechanical engineering products.
Achieving national development goals of Russia as a factor in ensuring national security
Authors: Leontieva L. S. , Voronov A. S. , Baraboshkin K. E. , Bobrov A. V. , Paranina T. O. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: is to substantiate the need for a balanced achievement of the Russia's national development goals at the federal, regional and municipal levels as a factor in ensuring national security based on the practice of implementing the sustainable development goals of China and India.Methods: to achieve the set goal, methods of forming matrices for the adjusting goals, comparative institutional analysis of documents at the national, regional and municipal levels were used as tools for identifying potential risks associated with the imbalance of the system of the goals for ensuring national security at all levels of governance.Results: a comparative analysis and systematization of regulatory legal documents of the national, regional and municipal levels was carried out on the basis of the transformation in them of approaches to the formulation (according to the following types: social, environmental, production-technological and institutional) of the national development goals of the Russian Federation to ensure national security and balanced development of the Russian Federation. The specifics of how the sustainable development goals are reflected in the national strategic documents of China and India and their possible use in implementing Russia’s national priorities are revealed.Conclusions and Relevance: the approach proposed in the work using the method of forming matrices for the adjusting goals and comparative analysis of documents at the federal, regional and municipal levels involves the conceptual «stitching» of regulatory legal documents for the decomposition of the national goals to the level of regions and municipalities. Taking into account specific socio-economic and political conditions influencing the need to solve new problems in the field of sustainable development is aimed at the rational use of all types of national, regional and municipal resources. International experience, demonstrated by the example of China and India, emphasizes the importance of adapting international sustainable development goals to the national characteristics and priorities of Russia in the context of BRICS development, which reinforces the need for a balanced implementation of goals at all levels.
Machine learning in ocular oncology and oculoplasty: Transforming diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Mane Dipali Vikas , Khuspe Pankaj Ramdas 
Published: January 2025

In the domains of ocular oncology and oculoplasty, machine learning (ML) has become a game-changing technology, providing previously unheard-of levels of precision in diagnosis, treatment planning, and outcome prediction. Using imaging modalities, genomic data, and clinical characteristics, this chapter investigates the integration of machine learning algorithms in the detection and treatment of ocular tumours, including retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma. Through predictive modelling and real-time decision-making, it also emphasises how ML might improve surgical outcomes in oculoplasty, including orbital reconstruction and eyelid correction. Automated examination of fundus photographs, histological slides, and 3D imaging has been made possible by methods like deep learning and natural language processing, which have improved individualised therapeutic approaches and decreased diagnostic errors. Additionally, the use of augmented reality and machine learning in robotics and surgery is a significant development in precision oculoplasty. Notwithstanding its potential, issues including data heterogeneity, algorithm interpretability, and ethical considerations are significant roadblocks that need to be addressed. This chapter explores cutting-edge developments, real-world uses, and potential future paths, offering researchers and doctors a thorough resource.Dipali Vikas Mane, Associate Professor, Shriram Shikshan Sanstha’s College of Pharmacy, Paniv-413113
Impact of Osmotic Stress on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Indira M.N. , Angeline A.R. , Ankit K. , Vaishnavi S. 
Published: January 2025

Background: Osmotic stress is one of the major constraints in the global production of economically important crops by adversely affecting their yield, quality and energy costs. Cicer arietinum L. commonly known as Chickpea is an important pulse crop worldwide due to its high protein content and agronomic significance. Chickpea is susceptible to osmotic stress and effects its productivity on a large scale. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of osmotic stress on seed germination and seedling growth. Methods: Osmotic stress was induced using three different concentrations of PEG-6000 (5%, 10% and 15%). Distilled water treatment was used as control. Percentage of seed germination, seedling growth, enzymatic activity of amylase and protease and protein content of chickpea was evaluated after a week. Result: Osmotic stress considerably affected seed germination as well as all other allied traits. Studies showed that increase in osmotic stress decreased the percentage of seed germination. Seeds treated with 5% PEG considerably improved the length of the plumule and radicle, fresh and dry weight when compared to control in Cicer arietinum. The enzymatic activity of protease increased with increasing osmotic gradients. Seeds treated with 15% PEG showed maximum protein content. This study contributes to current knowledge of the physiological responses of chickpea to osmotic stress and may assist in the development of strategies to enhance crop resilience and productivity under adverse environment conditions.
Antidiarrhea Activity of Ethanol Extract of Rambutan Leaves (Nephelium lappaceum L.) in Capsule Form on Male Mice
Authors: Nurul Fadilah Nitya , Ali Nofriyaldi  , Ayu Rahmawati  , Srie Rezeki Nur Endah  , Widya Nurul Aini  , Vincent O. Imieje  
Published: January 2025

Background: Diarrhea is characterized by changes in stool form to soft or liquid, with an intensity of bowel movements more than three times a day. One of the plants used as an alternative treatment for diarrhea is rambutan, particularly its leaves. Previous studies have shown that rambutan leaf extract can treat diarrhea. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the antidiarrhea activity of ethanol extracts of rambutan leaves containing tannins and flavonoids that inhibit intestinal motility. Methods: This study was conducted experimentally using the intestinal transit method, which measures the length of the intestine passed through a marker. The smaller the ratio between the length of the intestine and the marker, the greater the decrease in intestinal motility in the mice. Group 1: loperamide HCl at a dose of 4 mg/kg BW; Group 2: placebo; Group 3: FI, FII, and FIII capsules at doses of 50 mg, 100 mg, and 150 mg. Results: The test results showed that Formulations 1, 2, and 3 had activities of 23.3%, 26.8%, and 32.3%, respectively. The capsule with the best results was formulation 3, at a dose of 150 mg. Compared with the positive control, the effectiveness of this capsule was 22% higher than that of loperamide. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that rambutan leaves extracted in capsule form effectively treats diarrhea. The one-way ANOVA test showed a significant difference between the FI, FII, and FIII groups (p <0.05).
Comparative Evaluation of Hemato-biochemical and Oxidative Parameters of Racing Horses
Authors: Atata Jamila Abdulhamid , Ajadi Abdullateef Abiodun , Adam Muhammed , Olatunji Aishat Omobolanle , Bisalla Muhammed , Adamu Sani 
Published: January 2025

Racing horses are prone to alterations in hemato-biochemical and oxidative stress parameters. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of racing on hemato-biochemical, and oxidative stress parameters of racing horses. Blood samples were collected from 15 control and 15 racing horses at four intervals (before, immediately after, 30 minutes after, and 24 hours after) to assay for hematological, serum biochemical, and oxidative stress markers. The result revealed significant changes (P < 0.05) in vital parameters such as erythrocyte count, hematocrit index, hemoglobin concentration, leucocyte count, lymphocyte, neutrophil, neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, cortisol, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, while glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, gamma-glutamyl transferase, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase remained unaltered (P > 0.05). The alteration in hemato-biochemical parameters reported in this study only lasted for about 30 minutes after racing, with all values returning to the baseline range by 24 hours post-race. Interestingly, the comparable activities of antioxidant stress markers reported suggests that the horses have developed adaptive mechanisms that have conferred them with increased resistance to oxidative stress and reduced oxidative damage. This study demonstrates the importance of schematic monitoring of racing horses peri-racing to prevent racing-induced pathophysiological alterations and promote their general wellbeing.