bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study between Intravenous Tramadol Versus Lidocaine Pretreatment in Reducing Pain on Propofol Injection
Authors: Roshid Mohammad Harun Or , Islam Md Shahjahan , Nath Ranjan Kumar , Datta Pronoy Kumar , Begum Shamim Ara , Chowdhury Gulshan Ara 
Published: July 2023

Background: Propofol gains popularity due to its smooth induction and rapid recovery. But one of its side effects is pain during injection. So, the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of tramadol and lidocaine pretreatment for alleviation of pain on propofol injection in our setting.
Materials and methods: 80 patients of either sex (ASA grade I and II, age 20-50 years) who underwent elective Surgery under general anaesthesia were randomized into two equal groups (n=40). Group L (Control group) received pretreatment injection 2% lidocaine 40mg (2ml) Group T received pretreatment injection tramadol 50 mg (2ml). After that, 1/4th of calculated induction dose of propofol (2mg/kg) was administered. The level of pain was evaluated by four point verbal response scale.
Results: The overall incidence of pain on propofol injection was lower in lidocaine (20%) than in tramadol group (22.5%). The incidence of score ‘0’ (No pain) was higher in lidocaine (80%) than in tramadol group (77.5%) but it is not statistically significant (p >0.05).
Conclusion: pretreatment with 2% lignocaine and tramadol effectively reduced the incidence and severity of propofol injection pain.
JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 90-94
Pregnancy Outcome in COVID 19 Infected Patients: In a COVID Dedicated Hospital of Chattogram, Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Fahmida Islam , Shirin Fahmida , Sultana Nahid , Ara Sarwat , Sultana Munawar , Deb Aporna , Amin Chowdhury Muhammad Jabed Bin , Chowdhury Shanaj Jahan , Karim Tanjila , Ferdous Jannatul , Akter Shamima , Begum Nasima 
Published: July 2023

Background: Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) a pandemic has become a global health concern. Pregnant women are at an increased risk due to physiologic changes in their immune, cardiopulmonary and coagulation systems. This study was designed to evaluate the fetomaternal outcome of the pregnant patients with COVID-19.
Materials and methods: This cross-sectional type of observational study was conducted in Obstetric and Gynecology Department of Chittagong Medical College Hospital from July 2021 to September 2021. Total 51 hospitalized pregnant patients with confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled. Relevant data were recorded in a preformed data collection sheet and analyzed by SPSS version 26.
Results: Total patients were 51 with a mean age of 28 years, 73.5% patients were in third trimester, 35.3% were in >37 weeks of gestation . Common symptoms were fever( 33.3%), cough (19.6%) and respiratory distress(29.4%). There were two maternal deaths who were treated in ICU. There were 2 spontaneous abortions. 69.23% underwent caesarean section, 30.77% underwent Normal Vaginal Delivery (NVD) 9.8% patients underwent premature termination of pregnancy. Ongoing pregnancy were 19 (37.3%). There were 17 live births and 3 Intrauterine Deaths (IUD) and 2 neonatal deaths. Among the mothers, 29(56.8%) had no associated complications, 19.65% had Preeclampsia and 5.9% had Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. About 10 babies had birth weight less than 2.5 kg and were transferred to NICU.
Conclusion: During this study, it was found that pregnancy outcome was not good in COVID positive pregnant women . For the infected mothers early medical supervision and availability of ICU in critical condition is needed for better pregnancy outcome.
JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 95-99
A Radiological Study of Ossification at the Lower End of Humerus for Estimation of Age among Girls in Chattogram, Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Raju , Ashrafuzzaman Md , Datta Arunima , Nur E Azam Nazmun , Chowdhury Urmila , Chowdhury Md Shamsudduha 
Published: July 2023

Background: Estimation of the age of an individual from the appearance and the fusion of the ossification centers is considered as a reasonable well accepted method in the field of medical and legal professions. Age estimation is essential during employment, marriage, fixation of criminal responsibility, judicial punishment, exercise of adult franchise and many other purposes. Bony age can be determine by the study of ossification centers of long bones through the appearance and fusion of epiphysis with diaphysis. The challenges during estimation of bony age are varying from place to place depending on geographic terrain, climatic, dietetic, hereditary, disease and other factor. So this study aimed to look out the status of fusion of ossification centers at the lower end of humerus for estimation of age among girls in Chattogram.
Material and methods: This cross sectional observational study was performed in the period of July 2018 to June 2019on normal healthy student of 12 to 20 year age from the Prabartak School and College, Chattogram and Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram. The students (50 girls) were taken as subject and they were divided in eight groups according to their age. X-ray of the right elbow joint of each and every subjects were taken in antero-posterior and lateral view. The x-ray films were studied radiologicallyand interpreted to estimate the age byunion of ossification centers.
Results: The average age of epiphyseal union in Chattogram was found as follows:Fusion of lateral epicondyle with capitulum in girls at 12-13 years. Fusion of capitulum withtrochlea in girlsat 12-13 years. Fusion of distal conjoint epiphyses with shaft in girls at 12-13 years. Fusion of medial epicondyle with shaft in girls at 13-14 years.
Conclusion: In general the union of the ossification centers occurwithin 12-14 years in girls.
JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 100-104
Evaluation of Antithyroid Antibodies in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome of Reproductive Women
Authors: Akhter Salma , Tasnim Nayeema , Islam Mohammed Hafizul , Akter Pervin , Karmakar Pijush , Salma Ummey 
Published: July 2023

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is common but a treatable cause of infertility in reproductive women. Thyroid hormone abnormality is commonly seen in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome of reproductive women. Antithyroid antibodies have been detected in women with PCOS. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the antithyroid antibodies in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) of reproductive women.
Materials and methods: A hospital based cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in the outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in CMCH, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Subject and the Department of Biochemistry in CMC. Eighty (80) PCOS women diagnosed by ultrasonography were taken by nonprobability convenient sampling, considered as group A and another twenty (20) healthy women were taken, considered as group B. Important variables in this study were serum anti-TPO antibody, anti-Tg antibody, TSH, age, menstrual history, hirsutism, waist circumference and BMI.
Results: This study revealed a statistically significant higher prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in PCOS cases in comparison to healthy group (32.5 % and 37.5% patients had increased anti-TPO and anti-Tg antibodies respectively). Mean serum anti-TPO and anti-Tg antibodies were increased significantly in PCOS cases than that of healthy women group. Mean serum TSH was not increased significantly in PCOS cases than that of healthy group.52.5%, 47.5% patients had oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea respectively, 21.2% had hirsutism, 68.8% cases were overweight & obese and 77.5% were central obese.
Conclusion: High prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in euthyroid PCOS patients refers to the importance of screening not only thyroid hormone levels but also thyroid antibody level during the investigation of PCOS of reproductive women and thereby early diagnosis and management of infertility associated with PCOS.
JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 105-110
Status of Giardia Infection with Other Intestinal Parasites among Paediatric Patients in Tertiary Medical College Hospitals
Authors: Nipa Nusrat Jahan , Karim Chowdhury Abu Hena Md Saiful 
Published: July 2023

Background: Paediatric diarrhoea, the burning issue of nowadays, drastically affects the child mortality and morbidity. Apart from virus and bacteria, parasites also play an important role in causing diarrhoea at that age group. Giardiasis, the most prevalent among the parasitic infections, though neglected yet carries significance because of its long term health issues. The aim of the study was to identify the intestinal parasites by wet mount preparation and further detection of the flagellated protozoan parasite, Giardia by special staining - Trichrome staining technique.
Materials and methods: It was an observational cross sectional study which was carried between the periods of July 2019 to June 2020, where a total of 200 diarrhoeic patients up to 18 years were enrolled. Direct microscopic method was done where parasites were detected by wet mount preparation and further Trichrome stainning was performed for the detection of Giardia.
Results: Out of 200 faecal samples, cysts of Giardia, ova of Ascaris Lumbricoides (AL) Trichuris Trichiura (TT) and both AL and TT were identified in 2.5%, 1.5%, 0.5% and 1.0% samples respectively by wet mount preparation. By Trichrome staining method we detected 3.5% of Giardia cysts.
Conclusion: Staining technique could be applied in addition to wet mount preparation of stool samples. So that we could recover the undetected Giardia cyst in the aforesaid samples.
JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 111-114
Antimicrobial Sensitivity and Resistance Pattern in Surgical Site Infections following Gynaecological and Obstetrical Operations
Authors: Sultana Tazeen , Begum Kamrun Nesa , Runa Kamrun Nessa 
Published: July 2023

Background: Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are one of the common problem in obstetrical and gynaecological operations. It is related to the increasing cost, morbidity and mortality. Objectives of this study were, find out the rate of surgical site infection, frequencies of various pathogens causing SSIs and their antibiotic sensitivity and resistance pattern in gynaecological and obstetrical operations in the Department of Obs & Gynae Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram.
Materials and methods: This hospital based prospective longitudinal study was carried from January 2021 to July 2021 in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram, Bangladesh. After operation, patients’ surgical wounds were inspected first on 5-7 th day and there after weekly up to 30 postoperative- day. If there had any features of wound infection, pus or discharge would have been collected from the wound. A total 100 pus or discharge were collected from the wound after obtaining written informed consent and according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Samples were processed following the standard laboratory technique.The isolates were identified by colony morphology, Gram’s staining and biochemical test according to standard laboratory test methods.
Results: In this study most of the surgical site infections were caused by gram negative organisms (90%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (36%) was the commonest organism responsible for SSIs. Staphylococcus species were responsible for SSIs in 6% of cases. In case of gram negative bacteria Amikacin and Imipenem were sensitive to about 89% and 91% microorganisms. While in case of gram positive organisms it were about 78% and 89%. Commonly used antibiotics in our set up included Ceftriaxone, Cefixime, Ciprofloxacin and Cefuroxime were sensitive in gram positiveorganisms 45%, 33%, 33% and 33% respectively. Butin case of gram negative organisms it were 76%, 63%, 79%, and 66%.
Conclusion: Surgical site infections are the reflection of quality of hospital services. Once it was thought that the organisms responsible for the SSIs were derived from normal bacterial flora of the skin. But in last few years, it has been shown that the gram negative organisms are the main pathogens responsible for SSIs. Most of them are derived from the hospital environment.So the strict surgical ritual has come to mainstay in the management of the patients instead of being used antibiotics irrationally, which not only increases the chance of resistance to the micro-organisms but also glooming our future.
JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 115-121
Incidence and Associated Risk Factors of Endotracheal and Tracheostomy Tube Blockage in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Das Sanjoy , Dutta Pranay Kumar 
Published: July 2023

Background : Different studies had been carried out at different hospitals through- out the world to find out incidence and to assess the risk factor of ETT and TT blockage at ICU setup. The aim of our study was to reach a consensus and to find out the best diagnostic tool to assess the incidence and associated risk factors ETT and TT blockage at ICU setup. To assess the incidence and associated risk factors ETT and TT blockage at ICU setup.
Materials and methods : Endotracheal Tube (ETT) and Tracheostomy Tube (TT) blockage is a common phenomenon at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) setup of hospital . This is a cross sectional study carried out in the Medical Centre Hospital Between July 2018 to June 2019. Total 60 patients were included in the study. Data were analyzed and presented as both qualitative and quantitative data as applicable using SPSS version 20.The quantitative data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation. The qualitative data were analyzed by Mc NEMAR test (Mc NEMAR X2 test). For all analytical test, the level of significance was set at 0.05 and p value equal or less then 0.05 was considered as significant, p value more than 0.05 was considered as not significant.
Results : A total 60 patients were included in the study, who required mechanical ventilation support for different purposes either though ETT and/or TT. The Incidence of ETT/TT blockage was 9(15%). From those ETT was 6(10%) and TT was 3(05%) (p=0.042). Most causes of tube blockage was mucus 5(55.56%), debris 3(33.33%) and kinking of the tube 1(11.11%). The incidence of partial blockage was 5(55.56%) and complete blockage was 4(44.44%) consecutively (P=0.025). so it is statistically significant. During the night shift tube blockage was 6(66.67%) was slightly higher than the day shift, which was 3(33.33%).
Conclusion : ETT and/or TT blockage is an expected outcome in ICU setup . In spite of all measures, keen observation is very important to find out the blockage problem for early intervention.
JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 132-136
Functional Outcome of Proximal Fibular Osteotomy in Medial Compartment Osteoarthritis of The Knee Joint
Authors: Das Chandan Kumar , Rahman Chowdhury Md Mizanur , Ghosh Saikat , Matin Mohammad Qausarul , Choudhuri Md Nazrul Islam , Islam Md Somirul 
Published: July 2023

Background: Proximal Fibular Osteotomy (PFO) has been proposed as a new surgical option for pain relief in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. It is simple, safe and affordable. To assess functional outcome of proximal fibular osteotomy in medial compartment osteoarthritis of knee joint.
Materials and methods: This prospective hospital based clinical trial was carried out in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH) Chattogram from July 2019 to June 2020. A total of 30 patients with knee osteoarthritis were enrolled through inclusion and exclusion criteria by purposive sampling. Proximal fibular osteotomy was done after taking written informed consent. Data was recorded in a predesigned case record form. All the patients were followed up to 6 months when final outcome was assessed by Oxford Knee Score. All the data were analyzed statistically by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS-25). The result was expressed as frequency, percentage and mean ± SD. Level of significance was calculated at p<0.05.
Results: In this study, out of 30 cases, majority of the cases (57.7%) was in 55-64 years of age group. Mean ± SD pre-operative and post-operative VAS score were 7.13 ± 1.408 and 2.10 ± 0.803 respectively. According to Oxford Knee Score (OKS) pre-operative and postoperative mean ± SD were, 18.00 ± 2.117 and 36.53 ± 2.403. Mean ± SD pre-operative and post-operative Tibio Femoral Angle were 182.97 ± 1.810 and 178.63 ± 1.377 respectively. Mean ± SD pre-operative and post-operative Medial Joint Space (mm) were 1.223 ± 0.378 and 3.816 ± 0.982 respectively. Mean ± SD pre-operative and postoperative Lateral Joint Space (mm) were 6.640 ± 1.209 and 5.050 ± 0.897 respectively.
Conclusion: After analyzing the results of present study, it can be concluded that proximal fibular osteotomy is a new, simple procedure in the management of medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee which may delay the need for definitive knee procedures like unicompartmental knee arthroplasty or total knee replacement.
JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 137-141
Comparative Study of facial Measurement between Bengali and Manipuri Adult Male Comparative Study of facial Measurement between Bengali and Manipuri Adult Male
Authors: Dutta Kanta Sree , Chowdhury Pratik , Ashrafuzzaman Md , Khan Md Habib , Nahar Nurun 
Published: July 2023

Background: From the human face, we can identify their gender, age group, ethnicity etc. So facial morphometric study can be taken as part of anthropometric evaluation and it is an important parameter in observing inter population of faces among the same ethnic group or different group. If we can calculate the different craniofacial variables of different ethnic groups these can be used in future research or clinical purposes. To measure the facial variables among Bengali and Manipuri adult male and to compare these variables between two ethnic group.
Methods and materials: A cross sectional, observational and analytic type of study was conducted on 200 sample which were collected by convenience sampling where 100 were Bengali adult male and remaining 100 from Munipuri adult male, aged between 18 to 50 years. Data for Bengali and Munipuri adult male were collected from Chattogram city and Kamolgonj, Sylhet respectively. The study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Chittagong Medical College from July 2016 to June 2017.
Results: This study showed that mean morphological face height of Bengali and Manipuri were respectively 11.46 cm ± .53 and 11.82 cm ± .49, mean maximum facial breadth respectively13.04 cm ± .48 and 13.62 cm ± .45, mean facial index respectively 87.93 ± 2.58 and 86.89 ± 2.09. According to facial height, most common type in Bengali was low type (47%) and in Manipuri was medium type (39%). According to facial breadth most common type in Bengali was narrow type (63%) and in Manipuri was medium type (53%). Bengali have leptoprosopic (Narrow face) 53% followed by mesoprosopic face (Medium face) 43%. Manipuri have mesoprosopic face 59% followed by leptoprosopic type 31%.
Conclusion: The results of the present anthropometric study on the adult Bangladeshi population can provide the basic framework for formulating standards of the facial dimension and indices for adult male of the Bengali and Manipuri population. JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 122-127
A Case Report on Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease: A Rare Lymphohistiocytic Disorder of Unknown Etiology
Authors: Karim Mohammad Masud , Nasir Tareak Al , Banik Pratik Kumar , Hoque Tasnia 
Published: July 2023

Background: Reported first in 1972, histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, also known as Kikuchi- Fujimoto Disease (KFD), is an infrequent and selfrestricting disorder of lymph nodes, predominantly found in the Southeast Asian region. The common presentation of this disease is a young Asian individual presenting with painful cervical lymph node enlargement. Due to this disease's uncommon nature, it is often misdiagnosed by clinicians as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) malignant lymphoma, or tuberculosis. Although there are numerous hypotheses about the etiology of this illness being viral or autoimmune in nature, strong evidence is yet to be established. To let our readers to know about the disease so that we can deal patients with lymphadenopathy keeping this rare disease in our mind.
Case Presentation: Here we present A 20 years-oldfemale hailing from the hill tracts of Bandarban in Bangladesh presented with three months history of rightsided inguinal lymphadenopathy, which was progressive and non-tender in nature. Associated symptom includes low-grade fever. There was no history of night sweats, weight loss, cough and no other group of lymphadenopathies. So, lymphnode biopsy done and report came as Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease. The patient made full recovery with supportive care only.
Conclusion: Fever with lymphadenopathy may be due to wide range of etiologies. Although Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is rare, it is important to diagnose it accurately. So, we can prevent further costly investigations and imaging at the same time we can avoid potential harmful treatments and psychological stress to the patient.
JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 142-146
Modified Bentall’s Procedure for Aortic Root Aneurysm : A Case Report
Authors: Gupta Saikat Das , Hoque Mujibul , Mandol Bhabesh C , Islam Md Ashraful , Chanda P K 
Published: July 2023

Background: The modified Bentall(M Bentall) procedure is considered as the gold standard for patients requiring aortic root replacement, where the native aortic valve is required to be replaced.
Case Presentation: We hereby present a case report of a patient who was diagnosed having moderate to severe Aortic Regurgitation (AR) with aortic root aneurysm. He was treated successfully by us with the M.Bentall procedure.
Conclusion: As the aortic disease detection and surgical expertise improved in our country, a M.Bentall procedure is a suitable and safe treatment option for Aortic root aneurysm.
JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 147-150
Women's Reproductive Health during COVID-19
Authors: Bhattacharjee Seema 
Published: July 2023

Background : Reproductive health of women is considered as the central feature of human development. A healthy child is one of the best gift of good female reproductive system ensuring the survivor off spring to withstand the changing global diverse situations. Even though now-a-days some organizations decided and are planning that teachers and parents should be involved as primary sex educators through friendship.This review article is aimed to design to provide and insight the update information and the relationship between women’s reproductive health and COVID-19 is necessary for optimum management of such condition.
Methodology : In this narrative review, literature search done by using PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar and Cochrane date bases of systemic review and citation list of relevant publication.
Conclusion : In the pandemic high risk situation it is necessary that health care teams to focus more on women’s mental health, domestic violence, sexual relationships, use of contraceptive methods and intending for child bearing. Providing virtual group educations and use of national media, could enhance the awareness of women’s reproductive health. Further study may reveal more clearly the various aspects of women’s reproductive health during COVID-19.
JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 3-7