bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twisted Nanotubes of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides with Split Optical Modes for Tunable Radiated Light Resonators
Authors: Eliseyev Ilya A. , Borodin Bogdan R. , Kazanov Dmitrii R. , Poshakinskiy Alexander V. , Remškar Maja , Pavlov Sergey I. , Kotova Lyubov V. , Alekseev Prokhor A. , Platonov Alexey V. , Davydov Valery Yu. , Shubina Tatiana V. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSynthesized micro‐ and nanotubes composed of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) such as MoS2 are promising for many applications in nanophotonics because they combine the abilities to emit strong exciton luminescence and to act as whispering gallery microcavities even at room temperature. In addition to tubes in the form of hollow cylinders, there is an insufficiently studied class of twisted tubes, the flattened cross‐section of which rotates along the tube axis. As shown by theoretical analysis, in such nanotubes the interaction of electromagnetic waves excited at the opposite sides of the cross‐section can cause splitting of the whispering gallery modes. By studying micro‐photoluminescence spectra measured along individual MoS2 tubes, it has been established that the splitting value, which controls the energies of the split modes, depends exponentially on the aspect ratio of the cross‐section, which varies in “breathing” tubes, while the relative intensity of the modes in a pair is determined by the angle of rotation of the cross‐section. These results open up the possibility of creating multifunctional tubular TMDC nanodevices that provide resonant amplification of self‐emitting light at adjustable frequencies.
Balancing the Efficiency and Synthetic Accessibility of Organic Solar Cells with Isomeric Acceptor Engineering
Authors: Yang Qianguang , Chen Haiyan , Lv Jie , Huang Peihao , Han Deman , Deng Wanyuan , Sun Kuan , Kumar Manish , Chung Sein , Cho Kilwon , Hu Dingqin , Dong Haiyan , Shao Li , Zhao Fuqing , Xiao Zeyun , Kan Zhipeng , Lu Shirong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith the continuous development of organic semiconductor materials and on‐going improvement of device technology, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs) have surpassed the threshold of 19%. Now, the low production cost of organic photovoltaic materials and devices have become an imperative demand for its practical application and future commercialization. Herein, the feasibility of simplified synthesis for cost‐effective small‐molecule acceptors via end‐cap isomeric engineering is demonstrated, and two constitutional isomers, BTP‐m‐4Cl and BTP‐o‐4Cl, are synthesized and compared in parallel. These two non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have very similar optoelectronic properties but nonuniform morphological and crystallographic characteristics. Consequently, the OSCs composed of PM6:BTP‐m‐4Cl realize PCE of 17.2%, higher than that of the OSCs with PM6:BTP‐o‐4Cl (≈16%). When ternary OSCs are fabricated with PM6:BTP‐m‐4Cl:BTP‐o‐4Cl, the averaged PCE value reaches 17.95%, presenting outstanding photovoltaic performance. Most excitingly, the figure of merit (FOM) values of PM6:BTP‐m‐4Cl, PM6:BTP‐o‐4Cl, and PM6:BTP‐m‐4Cl:BTP‐o‐4Cl based devices are 0.190, 0.178, and 0.202 respectively. The FOM values of these systems are all among the top ones of the current high‐efficiency OSC systems, revealing high cost‐effectiveness of the two NFAs. This work provides a general but accessible strategy to minimize the efficiency‐cost gap and promises the economic prospects of OSCs.
Somatotype altitudinal variation and its relationship with the nutritional status of children in the Jujuy province, Argentina
Authors: Andrade Lautaro D. , Vilca Noelia G. , Figueroa Marcelo I. , Martínez Jorge I. , Alfaro Gómez Emma L. , Dipierri José E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo study the somatotype variations adjusted by altitude, age, sex, and BMI categories, and to assess the health status of the children population.MethodsA sample of 460 children aged 8–13 years was assessed in a cross‐sectional study conducted on anthropometric measurements between 2011 and 2015. Data were categorized into two age groups: Group 8–10, Group 11–13 and two altitudes: Highland (>2000 masl), lowland (<2000 masl). The somatotypic profile was determined by the Heath and Carter's study method and the Body Mass Index was used to assess children nutritional status. Generalized linear latent variable models (GLLVM) were performed to test the association between somatotype and geographic altitude. Individual age‐sex specific somatotypes were plotted in a two‐dimension somatochart, and group dispersion was displayed by the somatotype attitudinal mean.ResultsThe sample has an overall endomorph‐mesomorph body type, exhibiting different patterns when altitude and sex were considered. The GLLVM showed that the whole somatotype was different by altitude. Highland children occupied central to endomorphic‐mesomorphic places in the somatochart with lower variation. In both altitudes, girls exhibited higher endomorphy than boys. Several discrepancies between the BMI categorization and the somatotype were observed.ConclusionsJujenean children show differential body patterns across geographic altitude which exhibit age and sex variations. Children have a differential tendency to a fat mass gain. The BMI showed some inconsistencies with somatotype, leading to a misclassification of the child nutritional status, this highlights the importance of not to treat the BMI in isolation but with other determinants of the health status.
Übergangsmetallfreie elektrophile Aminierungen von polyfunktionellen O‐2,4,6‐Trimethylbenzoylhydroxylaminen mit Zink‐ und Magnesiumorganometallen
Authors: Sunagatullina Alisa S. , Hess Andreas , Kremsmair Alexander , Li Yifan , Chen Yi‐Hung , Knochel Paul 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWir berichteten über eine neue elektrophile Aminierung verschiedener primärer, sekundärer und tertiärer Alkyl‐, Benzyl‐, Allylzink‐ und Magnesiumorganometalle mit O‐2,4,6‐Trimethylbenzoylhydroxylaminen (O‐TBHAs) in 52–99 % Ausbeute. Diese O‐TBHAs wiesen eine ausgezeichnete Langzeitstabilität auf und ließen sich leicht aus verschiedenen hochfunktionalisierten sekundären Aminen in einem bequemen dreistufigen Verfahren herstellen. Die Aminierungsreaktionen zeigten eine bemerkenswerte Chemoselektivität, verliefen ohne Übergangsmetallkatalysator und waren in der Regel nach 1–3 Stunden Reaktionszeit bei 25 °C abgeschlossen. Darüber hinaus ermöglichte diese elektrophile Aminierung auch den Zugang zu enantiomerenangereicherten tertiären Aminen (bis zu 88 % ee) durch Verwendung optisch angereicherter sekundärer Alkylmagnesiumreagenzien des Typs s‐AlkylMgCH2SiMe3.
Transition‐Metal Free Electrophilic Aminations of Polyfunctional O‐2,4,6‐Trimethylbenzoyl Hydroxylamines with Zinc and Magnesium Organometallics
Authors: Sunagatullina Alisa S. , Hess Andreas , Kremsmair Alexander , Li Yifan , Chen Yi‐Hung , Knochel Paul 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe reported a new electrophilic amination of various primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl, benzylic, allylic zinc and magnesium organometallics with O‐2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl hydroxylamines (O‐TBHAs) in 52–99 % yield. These O‐TBHAs displayed an excellent long‐term stability and were readily prepared from various highly functionalized secondary amines via a convenient 3 step procedure. The amination reactions showed remarkable chemoselectivity proceeding without any transition‐metal catalyst and were usually complete after 1–3 h reaction time at 25 °C. Furthermore, this electrophilic amination also provided access to enantioenriched tertiary amines (up to 88 % ee) by using optically enriched secondary alkylmagnesium reagents of the type s‐AlkylMgCH2SiMe3.
Leveraging Torsional and Steric Strains: A Pre‐macrocyclization Strategy Enables Conformation‐Specific Fullerene Binding in m‐Cyclophanes
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Mani Kandan V. B. Raja , Balakrishnan Prabukumar , Antharjanam P. K. Sudhadevi , Parthasarathy Venkatakrishnan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThough the chemistry of resorcinarenes is half a century old, the conformationally‐locked resorcinarene crowns are generally constructed using hydrogen bonds or covalent tethers. Often, covalent tethering involves extra post‐macrocyclization steps involving upper‐rim functionalities. We have leveraged the torsional and steric strains through α‐substituents of the lower‐rim C‐alkyl chains and accomplished conformationally‐rigid fluorescent m‐cyclophane deep‐crowns in a predetermined way. The strategy offers a pre‐macrocyclization route conserving upper‐rim functionalities, an aspect overlooked in resorcinarene chemistry. X‐ray structural and computational analyses unveil the cause for conformational rigidity in m‐cyclophanes due to α‐branching in C‐alkyls (linear vs. α‐/β‐branched). The conformationally‐locked fluorescent deep‐crown with a preorganized cavity captures hydrophobic spherical guest C60 in both solution and solid states specifically, when compared to conformationally‐dynamic boats, enabling conformation‐specific binding.
A simple and cost‐effective direct transmethylation procedure for plant lipid analysis
Authors: McDonald Kallum , Xu Yang , Chen Guanqun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMeasuring acyl lipid content and fatty acid composition is important in plant lipid research, and direct transmethylation followed by analysis with gas chromatography‐flame ionization detection has been broadly used in various studies. However, many existing protocols are time‐consuming and labor‐intensive, and the long reaction time under high temperature may artificially change fatty acid compositions of the samples. In this study, we optimized the direct transmethylation method for seed and leaf samples with a wide range of seed and tissue sizes, oil contents, and fatty acid profiles, which can be completed in 2 h. We also demonstrated that commercial disposable pipet tips, as well as polypropylene tubes under certain conditions, could be reliably used to replace glass tubes, Pasteur pipettes, and rubber bulbs to improve efficiency. Taken together, this optimized and generalized method could be used as a reliable and less time‐ and labor‐intensive approach to analyze acyl lipid content and fatty acid profile of plant samples.
The effect of aligning graphene‐oxide nanoplatelets on moisture absorption and thermal stability of polymeric nanocomposites
Authors: Karimi Hamed , Khoramishad Hadi , Fatolahi Amir Reza 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the effect of aligning graphene‐oxide nanoplatelets (GONPs) on the moisture absorption and thermal stability of polymeric nanocomposites. Various nanocomposite specimens were fabricated using different GONP contents to improve water uptake resistance and thermal stability by aligning GONPs using an AC electric field during manufacturing. The results showed that aligning 0.3 wt% GONPs resulted in the most significant improvements, with the reductions of 76% and 54% observed in the water uptake of nanocomposites at the initial and saturation stages, respectively. The thermal stability of the nanocomposite specimens was also investigated using thermogravimetric analysis, in which nanocomposites containing 0.3 wt% randomly dispersed GONPs demonstrated improved performance compared with the neat epoxy specimen. However, aligning GONPs resulted in a marginal effect on the thermal stability parameters of nanocomposites. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was conducted to investigate the chemical nature and hydrophilicity of the specimens. In addition, the freeze‐fractured surfaces of the neat and nanocomposite specimens were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated the role of nanoparticle alignment in enhancing the performance of nanocomposites under hygrothermal conditions in terms of water uptake, which is of high importance in the marine industry.
Bio‐based polymers containing traditional medicinal fillers for wound healing applications – An evaluation of neoteric development and future perspectives
Authors: S Hema , Unni Vaani V. , Gayathri  , B Niranjan , Chandran Smitha , Sambhudevan Sreedha 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn recent years, health‐care providers have seen more patients with difficult‐to‐treat wounds and burns. The biopolymer‐based wound dressing protects the wounded area while assisting in the recovery of dermal and epithelial tissues throughout the healing process. The overall number of patients with chronic lesions has been expanding due to developing society, over weight, and cardiovascular illness. For the treatment of chronic wounds, there is an increasing demand for the development of ideal wound dressing materials with excellent properties such as antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, free radical scavenging capacity, non‐adherent property, hydrophilicity, and so on. Nevertheless, owing to the above mention properties, natural polymers are being used for several key functions of biomedicine like narcotic distribution systems, tissue manufacturing, bandages, and so on. Accordingly, the significance of these bio‐based polymers interfered with healing functions that lead to informing and inspiring youth and scientist researchers worldwide to grab with these far‐reaching areas of medicine and biology. The review highlights the physiochemical properties of natural polymers, the biological evaluation of various materials as wound dressings, their synthesis and mechanical properties, clinical status, challenges, and future perspectives.
Chemical probes based on GOLD: The discovery and elucidation of mechanism
Authors: Ciaramicoli Larissa Miasiro , Chang Young‐Tae 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis review discusses the use of fluorescent probes for identifying, isolating, and monitoring cells and organelles. Fluorescent probes have advantages over antibodies in live‐cell staining due to their small size and ability to penetrate the cellular membrane without fixatives or permeabilizers. However, different cell types exhibit different staining mechanisms based on their genetic profiles and the composition of proteins, enzymes, and lipids. The authors introduce a gating‐oriented live‐cell distinction mechanism where membrane transporters such as solute carriers and ATP are responsible for importing and exporting fluorescent probes. The mechanism for known and unknown transporter identification is elucidated through dose‐dependency, inhibitor tests, and genetic techniques such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat modulation and screening. This review provides insights into cellular staining and its potential for understanding the gene profile of different cell types, as well as guiding the identification of membrane transporters.
Simulation studies on the dynamic heterogeneity of organic ionic plastic crystals
Authors: Park Hyungshick , Park Chung Bin , Sung Bong June 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOrganic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) are one of promising solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) for all‐solid‐state batteries. OIPCs consist of organic ions that form crystalline solid phases. It is a challenging but critical task in the development of SSEs to improve the ion conductivity of lithium ions in such crystalline solid phases. We discuss our recent simulation studies on the transport mechanism of ions in OIPCs and show that the dynamic heterogeneity should be a key to the transport mechanism. We aim to show that both translational and rotational dynamic heterogeneities should play an important role in understanding the ionic conductivity in SSEs. We found from our simulations that the introduction of dopants and defects into OIPCs facilitated both the dynamic heterogeneity and the ion conductivity significantly. We also found that the polarizability of matrix organic ions could contribute to the rotational and conformational relaxations of organic ions in OIPCs.
Chemokines as possible therapeutic targets in metastatic melanoma
Authors: Basson Charlise , Serem June Cheptoo , Bipath Priyesh , Hlophe Yvette Nkondo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous melanoma is a relentless form of cancer which continues to rise in incidence. Currently, cutaneous melanoma is the leading cause of skin cancer‐related mortality, which can mainly be attributed to its metastatic potential. The activation of chemokine axes is a major contributor to melanoma metastasis through its involvement in promoting tumour cell migration, proliferation, survival, and adhesion. This review will focus on the role of chemokines in melanoma and possible therapeutic strategies to alter chemokine activation and subsequently inhibit the activation of signalling cascades that may promote metastasis.MethodsA literature review was conducted to evaluate chemokines as possible therapeutic targets in metastatic melanoma.ResultsThe crosstalk between signalling pathways and immune responses in the melanoma microenvironment resembles a complex and dynamic system. Therefore, the involvement of governing chemokine axes in the promotion of cutaneous and metastatic melanoma demands a proper understanding of the tumour microenvironment in order to identify possible targets and develop appropriate treatments against melanoma.ConclusionEven though chemokine axes are regarded as promising therapeutic targets, it has become increasingly evident that chemokines can play a critical role in both tumour inhibition and promotion. The inhibition of chemokine axes to inhibit signalling cascades in target cells that regulate metastasis should, therefore, be carefully approached.
PDLIM2 can inactivate the TGF‐β/Smad pathway to inhibit the malignant behavior of ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Lv Weiqin , Guo Hongrui , Wang Junxia , Ma Rui , Niu Lina , Shang Yun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPDZ‐LIM domain‐containing Protein 2 (PDLIM2) has been reported to be downregulated in ovarian cancer. However, its exact function and mechanism in regulating ovarian cancer progression have not been elucidated. This work researched the exert effect and mechanism of PDLIM2 on ovarian cancer progression. Briefly, PDLIM2 expression in clinical tissues of ovarian cancer patients and cells was investigated by qRT‐PCR and Western blot. The function of PDLIM2 on the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells was explored via cell counting kit‐8, colony formation and Transwell assays. To verify whether PDLIM2 regulates ovarian cancer progression via regulating the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)/Smad pathway, exogenous TGF‐β (10 ng/mL) treatment was performed on the PDLIM2‐overexpressed ovarian cancer cells. PDLIM2 effect on the in vivo growth of ovarian cancer cells was researched by establishing a xenograft tumor model. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were performed to protein expression in cells and tissues. As a result, PDLIM2 was low‐expressed in ovarian cancer tissues/cells. PDLIM2 upregulation attenuated the proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ovarian cancer cells, and inactivated the TGF‐β/Smad pathway. The opposite results were found in the PDLIM2‐silenced ovarian cancer cells. Exogenous TGF‐β treatment abrogated the inhibition of PDLIM2 on the malignant behavior of ovarian cancer cells. PDLIM2 upregulation attenuated the in vivo growth and EMT of ovarian cancer cells. Thus, PDLIM2 attenuates the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of ovarian cancer cells via inactivating the TGF‐β/Smad pathway. PDLIM2 may be a usefully target for ovarian cancer treatment.
Advancing Multicomponent Strategies to Macrobicyclic Peptides
Authors: Vasco Aldrin V. , Méndez Yanira , González Celia , Pérez Carlos S. , Reguera Leslie , Wessjohann Ludger A. , Rivera Daniel G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMacrocyclization of peptides is typically used to fix specific bioactive conformations and improve their pharmacological properties. Recently, macrobicyclic peptides have received special attention owing to their capacity to mimic protein structures or be key components of peptide‐drug conjugates. Here, we describe the development of novel synthetic strategies for two distinctive types of peptide macrobicycles. A multicomponent macrocyclo‐dimerization approach is introduced for the production of interconnected β‐turns, allowing two macrocyclic rings to be formed and dimerized in one pot. Also, an on‐resin double stapling strategy is described for the assembly of lactam‐bridged macrobicycles with stable tertiary folds.
Examination of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis in Apicomplexa
Authors: D'Ambrosio Hannah K. , Keeler Aaron M. , Derbyshire Emily R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNatural product discovery has traditionally relied on the isolation of small molecules from producing species, but genome‐sequencing technology and advances in molecular biology techniques have expanded efforts to a wider array of organisms. Protists represent an underexplored kingdom for specialized metabolite searches despite bioinformatic analysis that suggests they harbor distinct biologically active small molecules. Specifically, pathogenic apicomplexan parasites, responsible for billions of global infections, have been found to possess multiple biosynthetic gene clusters, which hints at their capacity to produce polyketide metabolites. Biochemical studies have revealed unique features of apicomplexan polyketide synthases, but to date, the identity and function of the polyketides synthesized by these megaenzymes remains unknown. Herein, we discuss the potential for specialized metabolite production in protists and the possible evolution of polyketide biosynthetic gene clusters in apicomplexan parasites. We then focus on a polyketide synthase from the apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii to discuss the unique domain architecture and properties of these proteins when compared to previously characterized systems, and further speculate on the possible functions for polyketides in these pathogenic parasites.
Predictors of bail‐out stenting in patients with small vessel disease treated with drug‐coated balloon percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Ghetti Gabriele , Bendandi Francesco , Donati Francesco , Ciurlanti Leonardo , Nardi Elena , Bruno Antonio Giulio , Orzalkiewicz Mateusz , Palmerini Tullio , Saia Francesco , Marrozzini Cinzia , Galié Nazzareno , Taglieri Nevio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundDrug‐coated balloons (DCBs) have shown comparable results with drug‐eluting stents in small vessel disease (SVD) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in terms of target vessel revascularization and a reduced incidence of myocardial infarction. However, the relatively high rate of bail‐out stenting (BOS) still represents a major drawback of DCB PCI.AimsThe aim of the study was to investigate the clinical, anatomic, and procedural features predictive of BOS after DCB PCI in SVD.MethodsWe included all consecutive patients undergoing PCI at our institution between January 2020 and May 2022 who were treated with DCB PCI of a de novo lesion in a coronary vessel with a reference vessel diameter (RVD) between 2.0 and 2.5 mm. Angiographic success was defined as a residual stenosis <30% without flow‐limiting dissection. Patients who did not meet these criteria underwent BOS.ResultsA total of 168 consecutive patients and 216 coronary stenoses were included. The rate of bail‐out stent was 13.9%. On multivariate analysis, DCB/RVD ratio (odds ratio [OR]: 4.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.71–11.29, p < 0.01), vessel tortuosity (OR: 7.00, 95% CI: 1.66–29.62, p < 0.01), distal vessel disease (OR: 5.66, 95% CI: 2.02–15.83, p < 0.01), and high complexity (Grade C of ACC/AHA classification) coronary stenoses (OR: 6.31, 95% CI: 1.53–26.04, p = 0.01) were independent predictors of BOS.ConclusionsBOS is not an infrequent occurrence in DCB PCI of small vessels and is correlated with vessel tortuosity, distal diffuse vessel disease, higher lesion complexity, and balloon diameter oversizing.