bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Scavenging Efficiencies of Different Aerosol Species and Size-Resolved Volume Concentrations in Tropical Convective Clouds over the West Pacific
Authors: Hilario Miguel Ricardo A. , Barth Mary , Bennett Ryan , Crosbie Ewan , DiGangi Joshua P. , Diskin Glenn S. , Lorenzo Genevieve Rose , Rutledge Steven , Martin Melissa Yang , Ziemba Luke , Sorooshian Armin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In-cloud aerosol scavenging remains a large source of model uncertainty, affecting capabilities to capture the aerosol lifetime and impacts on air quality and climate. While past work quantified aerosol scavenging efficiencies (SEs) in midlatitude mixed-phase deep convection, SEs are less well known for shallower convection. We used aircraft data over the tropical west Pacific to calculate SEs for three marine cumuli of different top heights (3–7 km MSL) using a simple entrainment model and measurements of the cloud outflow and nearby clear air. Across cases, efficient scavenging was observed for sulfate (>86%) and black carbon (70%–80%), while organic aerosols (53%–60%) and nitrate (61.5%) were moderately scavenged. Ammonium had a wide SE range (53%–87%). SEs of aerosol volume concentration showed near-total removal of aerosols with diameters greater than 100 nm (>92%) and inefficient removal for aerosols with diameters less than 100 nm (30%–50%), associated with the preferential activation and removal of larger particles. Mass-based SEs did not differ substantially between tropical cumuli and midlatitude deep convection, attributed to the negligible mass activated at higher supersaturations. The efficient scavenging of black carbon (BC) can be explained by an enhanced hygroscopic fraction of BC based on model results from the Community Earth System Model, version 2 (CESM2), Community Atmosphere Model with Chemistry, suggesting the internal mixing of BC with more soluble species during long-range transport through the marine atmosphere. The estimates of BC SEs provide direct evidence of substantial BC removal in convection as inferred by previous work and should motivate improvements in chemical transport models.

Significance Statement
The scavenging (removal) of aerosols is critical for estimating the lifetime of aerosols and their impact on air quality and climate; however, scavenging efficiency remains uncertain in global models especially for shallow convection. To address this uncertainty, we calculated aerosol scavenging efficiencies in tropical marine cumuli for different aerosol species, including sulfate and black carbon. We find that scavenging efficiencies depend on aerosol composition, size, and to a lesser extent, cloud-top height. The efficient removal of black carbon is explained by high hygroscopic fractions based on a model, related to the mixing of black carbon with more soluble species during transport. The reported scavenging efficiencies can be implemented into chemical transport models to improve model estimates of aerosol removal.
Assessment of factors influencing suicidal thoughts and attempts among population in Mosul
Authors: Al-Sammak Najlaa Ibrahim , Al-hamdany Abear Faris 
Published: January 2025

Background: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide especially in low- middle-income areas as Mosul City. It exposed to wars and various stressors for decades that directly affecting populations’ stability, psych and daily life. Aim: we aim to explore suicidal thoughts and attempts rates and their influencing risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among 652 individuals in Mosul along ten months period since March 2023. The questionnaire was distributed among them by using convenient sampling technique. According to PHQ-9 and ASQ, the sample was divided into three groups: normal people (396), suicidal thoughts (166), and suicidal attempts (90). Chi-square, Fishers’ exact, and independent t-tests were used for significant association between variables. Results: One quarter (25.46%) of population had suicidal thoughts and 13.8% attempted suicide. Among the risk factors were female sex, low education, low social class, big family size, sedative drug use, introverted personality, poor family and personal relationships, bullying, severe depression, and chronic diseases ( p-values 0.031 – <0.001). Conclusions: Suicidal thoughts and attempts were present in high levels in Mosul City compared with other regions in the world. This should be addressed carefully while implanting national preventive and social welfare services.
Autonomous Strategies of Migrant Resistance to the Pandemic’s Repercussions
Authors: Liberona Concha Nanette , Corona Ramírez Marioly , Doña-Reveco Cristián 
Published: January 2025

This article addresses the economic and political repercussions of the pandemic on the migrant populations in Iquique, Chile, comparing the experiences of Bolivian and Venezuelan migrants. We assess the forms of resistance they developed to survive the economic, social, and health crises associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic, which each group confronted in a different manner. We approached this from the viewpoint of the autonomy of migration and conducted participant observations and in-depth interviews with people of both nationalities using the framework of collaborative ethnography. In addition, we systematized and categorized relevant press articles to contextualize and trace the evolution of the pandemic and its impact on these populations. The research reveals the racism in what the press included and omitted, particularly with regard to the forms of resistance carried out by migrants, which appear to be the only way of confronting precarity and abandonment. En este artículo se abordan las repercusiones económicas y políticas de la pandemia en la población migrante en Iquique, Chile, comparando las experiencias de las poblaciones boliviana y venezolana. Interesa valorar las resistencias que surgieron para sobrevivir a la crisis económica, social y sanitaria asociada con la pandemia de COVID-19, que han enfrentado ambos grupos de diferente manera, a partir del enfoque de la autonomía de las migraciones. Se realizaron observaciones participante y entrevistas en profundidad a personas de ambas nacionalidades, en el marco de una etnografía colaborativa. Además, se sistematizaron y categorizaron artículos de prensa relacionados con la pandemia para contextualizar, demostrar su evolución e impacto en estas poblaciones. Ese análisis permite identificar el racismo de lo que la prensa expone y omite, particularmente las resistencias migrantes que aparecen como única forma de enfrentar la precariedad y el abandono.
Pelvic venous disorders (PeVD) are not well represented in obstetrics and gynaecology journals
Authors: Whiteley Mark S , Imran Hannah A 
Published: January 2025

Background Pelvic venous disorders (PeVD), previously “Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS)” is usually defined as a female health problem. However, it is our impression that gynaecologists rarely recognise this condition, and most of the research interest appears to be by vascular and venous surgeons, and radiologists. The aim of this study was to investigate if there was evidence to support this view. Methods An online search of the PubMed® database was performed using the search terms “pelvic congestion”, “PCS”, “pelvic venous disorders” and “PeVD”, filtered for relevance to “pelvic veins”. Articles were collected from 2013 to 2024 and analysed for which type of journal they appeared in (obstetrics and/or gynaecology, radiology, vascular, venous, angiology, other) and what sort of article each was (original article, review, case report). Results We found 281 articles published for PCS and 38 articles for PeVD, a total of 319 overall. There was a general increase in articles over the time course. However, 33.2% appeared in vascular and venous journals, 20.4% in radiology journals and only 11.3% in obstetric and/or gynaecology journals. There was no indication that the percentage of articles on PCS/PeVD was increasing in the female health journals over the time studied. Conclusion PeVD/PCS is under represented in obstetrics and/or gynaecology journals. Most articles appear in vascular and venous journals. This gives rise to concern that women suffering from pelvic pain due to PeVD/PCS tend to consult gynaecologists, rather than vascular and venous specialists who are more actively involved in researching the condition.
High Rate of Return to Sport for Athletes Undergoing Articular Cartilage Restoration Procedures for the Knee: A Systematic Review of Contemporary Studies
Authors: Kunze Kyle N. , Mazzucco Michael , Thomas Zach , Uzzo Robert , Rodeo Scott A. , Warren Russell F. , Wickiewicz Thomas L. , Williams Riley J. 
Published: January 2025

Background: Continued advancements in cartilage surgery and an accumulating body of evidence warrants a contemporary synthesis of return to sport (RTS) outcomes to provide updated prognostic data and to better understand treatment response. Purpose: To perform an updated systematic review of RTS in athletes after knee cartilage restoration surgery. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: PubMed, OVID/Medline, and Cochrane databases were queried in October 2023 for studies reporting any RTS outcome after knee cartilage restoration surgery. Meta-analyses with inverse-variance proportion and DerSimonian-Laird random-effects estimators were applied to quantify overall RTS. Comparative proportional subgroup meta-analyses with relative odds ratios (ORs) were constructed to quantify (1) the influence of the procedure on RTS and (2) RTS ability (lower vs same/greater level of play) based on procedure, competition level, and specific sport. Results: A total of 52 studies (n = 2387) were included. The overall pooled RTS was 80.3% (95% CI, 73.3%-86.5%). Matrix-assisted chondrocyte implantation (MACI) (OR, 2.15) and osteochondral autograft transplantation system (OATS) (OR, 1.83) demonstrated the highest likelihoods of RTS at the same/greater level, while microfracture (MF) (OR, 0.78) was the only treatment demonstrating a higher likelihood of RTS at a lower level. The fastest mean RTS was observed after OATS (6.6 ± 2.6 months). Professional athletes demonstrated an OR of 1.01 for RTS at the same/greater level, whereas recreational/amateur athletes demonstrated an OR of 1.63; however, all professional athletes underwent MF, and recreational/amateur athletes who underwent MF demonstrated lower likelihoods of RTS (OR, 0.78), indicating a consistent association between MF and low RTS propensity. Basketball players demonstrated the lowest likelihood of RTS at the same/greater level (OR, 1.1), while American football and soccer were associated with high likelihoods of RTS (OR, 3 and 2.4, respectively) across all procedure types. Conclusion: Cartilage restoration allows for high overall RTS, with OATS and MACI conferring the greatest propensity for RTS, while OATS allowed for the fastest RTS. Undergoing MF was associated with consistently poor RTS ability. This study identified several important associations between the level of RTS and clinically relevant factors when discussing RTS, with recreational/amateur athletes, soccer players, and American football players demonstrating a higher relative propensity to RTS.
Awareness Over Knowledge: An Exploratory Study on a Refugee Crisis Game
Authors: Szatkowska Weronika , Ćwil Małgorzata , Wardaszko Marcin 
Published: January 2025

Background Migration crises, caused by conflicts, climate change, or economic decline, have been major drivers of social transitions in recent years, leading to significant changes in attitudes and policies toward refugees and migrants. In this context, serious games have emerged as a powerful tool for promoting awareness and understanding of the challenges faced by refugees. Objectives In this paper, we present the quantitative outcomes of a research project The People: a serious game to represent the complexity of the migration crisis on the Polish-Belarusian border. In the research, we explored how playing a serious game has impacted the affective, cognitive, and behavioural components of attitudes of 69 participants in light of the perception of the humanitarian crisis. Methods In the game, participants took on roles of migration crisis zone residents. We designed a quasi-experiment with pre-post surveys and observations of participants’ behaviour. We conducted statistical tests to confirm the effect of the simulation game on the attitudes towards asylum seekers and residents at the Polish-Belarusian border – at least at the declarative level. Results The game has improved participants’ willingness to mitigate the refugee crisis as well as the level of positive attitudes towards refugees – and knowledge regarding the situation of the inhabitants of the border area. Interestingly, the improved knowledge of refugees’ situation was not statistically significant, so despite the limited familiarity with refugees’ perspectives, the newly gained social awareness and comprehension of the migration crisis reinforced positive attitudes and agency for social change. Limitations and further research The participants were mostly from big cities and top high schools. Playing the game in rural areas, or among students without an interest in education could impact the outcomes. Creating a control group and expanding the sample is recommended to verify the role of the game per se as a transformative means.
Association of small vessel disease progression with longitudinal cognitive decline across mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Wang Jingru , Debora Asta , Chen Lixuan , Chen Haisong , Zhao Xuemiao , Yu Mengying , Yang Yunjun ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2025

Background Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is the leading cause of vascular dementia. However, it is unclear whether the individual SVD or global SVD progression correlates with cognitive decline across mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects. Objective To investigate the association of small vessel disease progression with longitudinal cognitive decline across MCI. Methods We included 432 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database, with 151 participants in the cognitively normal (CN) group and 281 participants in the MCI group. We evaluated magnetic resonance imaging–based SVD markers in both CN and MCI groups and explored their associations with 12-and 24-month cognitive decline using linear mixing effect (LME) models. Results In the CN group, cerebral microbleed (CMB) progression was associated with the decline in language function (p < 0.05), and deep white matter hyperintensity (WMH) progression was associated with a decline in memory function (p < 0.05). In the MCI group, CMB progression was associated with a decline in memory function (p < 0.05) and lacunes progression was associated with executive function (p < 0.05), whereas the progression of global SVD score was not related to longitudinal cognitive function. Conclusions The progression of CMB and WMH had an impact on cognitive decline in both CN and MCI groups, and lacunes progression only had an association with cognitive decline in the MCI group. Our study suggested that individual SVD markers may have a higher predictive value in longitudinal cognition compared with global SVD burden.
Urinary formic acid is associated with cerebral amyloid deposition and glucose metabolism in memory clinic patients
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhu Liangying , He Kun , Cui Liang , Pan Fengfeng , Guan Yihui , He Rongqiao , Xie Fang , Guo Qihao 
Published: January 2025

Background Urinary formic acid (FA) has been reported to be a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the association between FA and pathological changes in memory clinic patients is currently unclear. Objective This study aims to investigate associations between FA and pathological changes across different cognitive statuses in memory clinic patients. Methods A cohort of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI-Aβ- n = 37, MCI-Aβ+ n = 33), AD dementia (n = 39), and cognitively normal subjects (CN-Aβ- n = 98, CN-Aβ+ n = 50) were included. Comprehensive neuropsychological assessment, urinary FA, AD-related plasma biomarkers, MRI scans, [18F]-flurbetapir and [18F]-FDG PET scan data were collected from all participants. Results Urinary FA levels were higher in patients with MCI and AD than in CN subjects and higher in Aβ+ (CN- Aβ+, MCI-Aβ+, AD dementia) subjects than in Aβ-subjects (CN- Aβ-, MCI-Aβ-). Urinary FA was positively associated with cerebral Aβ deposition and negatively associated with glucose metabolism, both at the global level and in multiple regions of interest cortical regions in participants with different cognitive statuses. Additionally, urinary FA levels were positively correlated with the severity of white matter hyperintensities and hippocampal atrophy. Urinary FA combined with age, Mini-Mental State Examination, plasma p-tau181, and neuroﬁlament light chain could be used to predict Aβ deposition in the brain. Conclusions Urinary FA is associated with brain pathological changes in memory clinic patients, including cerebral Aβ deposition, glucose metabolism, white matter hyperintensities, and hippocampal atrophy. It could be used as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of AD and predicting Aβ deposition.
Enhancing rare cancer care in developing countries through patient advocacy: insights from the Desmoid Tumor Brazilian Association
Authors: Costa Philippos Apolinario , Menezes Carolina , Bianca Lopes David Bruna , Garofalo Georgia , Prudente Barbieri Livia , Campos Fernando 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Desmoid tumors are soft-tissue neoplasms that can have profound impacts on the lives of people living with such diseases. As they are rare tumors, patients often have difficulty finding teams specialized in sarcomas and support networks. In low- and middle-income countries, the challenges are exacerbated due to a need for established networks and medication access. Discussion: In this setting, patient advocacy groups are important in supporting affected people. To this end, the Desmoid Tumor Brazilian Association (DTBA) was established to help mitigate those challenges. This paper highlights the perspectives of patients with desmoid tumors living in Brazil, obtained in a nationwide survey, and discusses aspects related to access to specialists, medications, education, and awareness in Brazil. Conclusions: The most commonly reported challenges in Brazil are access to educational material and specialists. The DTA continues to strive to improve support for people living in Brazil through initiatives such as Scientific and Educational Meetings, improving awareness, fostering science, and working on methods to facilitate access to medication and specialists.
Assessing intention to use mobile phone–based self-management support among adults with type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: AlOsaimi Hind M , Kanan Mohammed , AlOtaibi Mohammed , Alhejaili Saba , Alshammari Bayader , Khalaf Aleya , Hajea Amal , Saleh Ryoof , Jamal Futoon , AbuShahin Amnah , Alanazi Bandar , Alshanbari Raghad , Alsubaie Ashwag , Alasmari Ghadi , Alshahrani Rana S 
Published: January 2025

Introduction The use of mobile phone technology for chronic illness self-management is growing, and it may help people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Innovative methods are needed to improve patient involvement and disease management in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia due to the high incidence of T2DM. Objective The purpose of this study was to explore how the T2DM patients in KSA utilizes their mobile phones for self-management. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between April and June 2025 among T2DM patients who were attending endocrinologists for their diabetes management in the Northern Border region (Rafha and Arar) and the Central region (Riyadh) in KSA using a validated questionnaire. Results This study included a total of 267 participants with T2DM. Nearly all participants (99.3%) possess a cellphone, with 94.8% having daily internet access. The majority of the patients reported to have an intention to use mobile phones and the internet for managing diabetes, with 78.3% for dietary planning, 79.4% for physical activity planning, and 78.7% for text messages as reminders. Factors such as female (p = 0.008), younger age (p = 0.001), and duration of diabetes (p = <0.001) were significantly associated with the intention to use mobile apps for managing their diabetes. Conclusions This study demonstrates a significantly higher inclination of participants toward mobile phone technology for diabetes self-management vs. face-to-face consultations. These findings highlight the promising role of mobile phone technology for enhancing diabetes self-management among T2DM patients, thus highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
The Non-linear Effects of Selected Macroeconomic Variables on Outward Foreign Direct Investment from India
Authors: Singhal Nidhi , Kumar Naresh 
Published: January 2025

Foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows from India have a big leap and irregular growth from 1990 to 2023. It becomes necessary to explore the reasons behind such a leap in the outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) trend in India. This study has applied the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model to analyse the asymmetric effects of selected macroeconomic variables such as GDP per capita, private consumption expenditure, exchange rate, globalisation index (GI), government spending, and inflation rate in directing investment to foreign nations from India during the period from 1990 to 2023. This study has found that an increase in all these variables has long-run and short-run asymmetric causality with OFDI, except for the inflation rate. The inflation rate has no significant long-run relationship with OFDI. The study suggests that India should manage the downswing of GDP per capita and government spending as it may discourage OFDI and also influence the mindset of potential investors. JEL codes: F2, F3, F6
Clinical Value of Echocardiography in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Lv Zhen , Hu Guobing 
Published: January 2025

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of echocardiography in the preoperative assessment, intraoperative monitoring, and postoperative follow-up of patients with aortic valve disease (AVD) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included clinical data of 158 patients with AVD who underwent TAVR. Patients were divided into three groups based on the type of AVD. The perivalvular structure of the patient was evaluated preoperatively using echocardiography and compared with multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) measurements. Echocardiography was used to dynamically monitor the entire surgical process. Each patient was followed up for 1 month. Results: The success rate of TAVR was 94.9%. Preoperative measurements of the paravalvular (PVL) structure indicated good agreement between transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and MSCT. Real-time TEE was used to adjust the location of the artificial valve to reduce leakage before completing TAVR, and the final incidence of moderate and above PVL was 1.3%. Data obtained 1 month after TAVR revealed that both the structure and function of the patient’s heart underwent benign reverse remodeling compared with those before surgery. Conclusion: Echocardiography played an important role in the entire procedure and may provide a basis for evaluating the efficacy and prognosis of TAVR.