bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NMR metabolomics analysis ofEscherichia colicells treated with Turkish propolis water extract reveals nucleic acid metabolism as the major target
Authors: Elgin E Sonay , Çatav Ş Serter , Babayeva Anara , Kim Hakbeom , Dibek Esra , Çöl Bekir , Chae Young Kee , Kıvrak İbrahim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsPropolis is a resinous bee product containing several hundred biologically active compounds. Although the antibacterial activity of propolis has been demonstrated in many in vitro studies, less is known about its mode of action. In this study, we aimed to shed some light on the antibacterial mechanism of action of propolis against Escherichia coli BW25113 using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based metabolomics approach.MethodsE. coli BW25113 cells were subjected to different sub-lethal concentrations (0, 2, 4, and 6 mg/mL) of Turkish propolis water extract (PWE). The 500-MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy was then employed to ascertain the metabolic profiles of E. coli extracts.ResultsA total of 52 metabolites were identified from the NMR spectra, belonging to 17 main classes, such as amino acids and peptides, purines, and fatty acids. Twelve out of these 52 metabolites displayed remarkable changes at all tested PWE concentrations when compared to control conditions (P &lt; .05). Levels of 28 more metabolites were significantly altered in at least one of the three PWE treatments. The results of partial least squares discriminant analysis showed that there was a clear separation between control and propolis-treated cells and that putrescine, adenine, adenosine, guanosine, glucose, N6-acetyllysine, and acetamide had the highest effect on group differentiation. Finally, quantitative pathway analysis revealed that purine metabolism was significantly affected by PWE treatments.ConclusionsOur results suggest that PWE inhibits the growth of E. coli BW25113 by affecting nucleic acid metabolism to a great extent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the global metabolic response of a bacterium to propolis.
Isolation ofFusobacterium nucleatumfrom human feces using immunomagnetic separation coupled with fastidious anaerobe agar
Authors: Tang Jie , Dun Guodong , Li Jing , Xu Qiaolin , Zhang Tao , Lan Yuanzhi , Zeng Linghai , Luo Huaxing , Xiang Yuanyuan , Tang Bin , Zeng Dongzhu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimFusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is associated with the initiation, development, and metastasis of colorectal cancer. However, it is difficult to isolate F. nucleatum from clinical specimens. In this study, we aimed to develop an effective and rapid method for isolating F. nucleatum from human feces using polyclonal antibody (PAB)-coated immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) with selective media.Methods and resultsIMBs conjugated with PAB were prepared and used to isolate F. nucleatum from human feces, and the bacteria were cultured with selective culture media (fastidious anaerobe agar + nalidixic acid + vancomycin). Under optimized experimental conditions, IMBs could selectively recover F. nucleatum from fecal microbiota samples spiked with Peptostreptococcus or Bacteroides fragilis. In artificial fecal samples, the detection sensitivity of IMBs for F. nucleatum was 103 CFU mL−1. In addition, IMBs combined with selective media could rapidly isolate F. nucleatum from human feces.ConclusionsThis study successfully established an effective method for the rapid isolation of F. nucleatum from human feces by IMBs. The whole procedure requires 2–3 days, and has a sensitivity of 103 CFU mL−1 feces.
Immunogenicity and Safety of a Third COVID-19 BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine Dose in 5- to 11-Year Olds
Authors: Simões Eric A F , Klein Nicola P , Sabharwal Charu , Gurtman Alejandra , Kitchin Nicholas , Ukkonen Benita , Korbal Piotr , Zou Jing , Xie Xuping , Sarwar Uzma N , Xu Xia , Lockhart Stephen , Cunliffe Luke , Lu Claire , Ma Hua , Swanson Kena A , Koury Kenneth , Shi Pei-Yong , Cooper David , Türeci Ӧzlem , Jansen Kathrin U , Şahin Uğur , Gruber William C 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this ongoing study, substantially increased ancestral SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing responses were observed 1 month after a third 10-µg BNT162b2 dose given to 5 to 11-year olds versus neutralizing responses post-dose 2. After dose 3, increased neutralizing responses against Omicron BA.1 and BA.4/BA.5 strains were also observed. The safety/tolerability profile was acceptable. (NCT04816643)
X-Ray Tomography Crystal Characterization: Automatic 3D Segmentation
Authors: Hypolite Gautier , Vicente Jérôme , Moulin Philippe 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Understanding the structural parameters of crystals during crystal growth is essential for the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. This study proposes a new method for 3D images of crystals obtained with micro X-ray computed tomography. This method aims to improve the crystal segmentation compared to the watershed methods. It is based on plane recognition at the surface of the crystals. The obtained segmentation is evaluated on a synthetic image and by considering the recognized particle number and convexity. The algorithm applied to three samples (potassium alum, chromium alum, and copper sulfate) reduced oversegmentation by 87% compared to watershed based on ultimate erosion while keeping the convexity of the recognized particle.
Hereditary angio-oedema with normal C1-INH, developing recurrent acute abdomen after taking low-dose oestrogen–progestin: A case report
Authors: Nakayama Tsuyoshi , Tamimoto Yasuhiro , Shimomura Yutaka , Tsukamoto Hiroshi 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Hereditary angio-oedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disease characterised by repeated episodes of temporary organ swelling. Three types of HAE are known, of which HAE with normal C1 inactivator is difficult to be diagnosed due to its lack of laboratory abnormalities. Here, we describe a case of HAE with normal C1 inactivator and recurrent acute abdomen following low-dose oestrogen–progestin therapy. Notably, genetic analysis by Sanger sequencing led to the identification of a recurrent heterozygous missense mutation c.988A &gt; G (p.K330E) in the plasminogen (PLG) gene of the patient. Prophylactic tranexamic acid and on-demand selective bradykinin B2 receptor blockers are used to treat her symptoms.
Personality Factors in Violence Risk Assessment
Authors: Kaser-Boyd Nancy 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Identifying personality factors in interpersonal violence is a critical skill in the fields of clinical and forensic psychology. Research on violence risk assessment in the 1970s indicated poor predictive accuracy by psychologists, which led to the structured professional judgment (SPJ) method, where items contained in the SPJ were validated by research. Research on known groups of perpetrators of serious violence, whether with adults or adolescents, suggests a combination of situational and personality factors. Personality factors common to such samples are traits such as anger/resentment, externalization of blame/paranoia, extreme moods, substance use/abuse, and antisocial traits. In the dimensional approach to personality, these individuals appear to have personality traits that congeal around externalizing spectra. Personality assessment instruments such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventories, the Personality Assessment Inventory, the Rorschach, and the Psychopathy Checklist offer data that can be mapped onto SPJs and aide in the accurate assessment of violence risk.
State spaces for agriculture: A meta-systematic design automation framework
Authors: Runck Bryan , Streed Adam , Wang Diane R , Ewing Patrick M , Kantar Michael B , Raghavan Barath 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Agriculture is a designed system with the largest areal footprint of any human activity. In some cases, the designs within agriculture emerged over thousands of years, such as the use of rows for the spatial organization of crops. In other cases, designs were deliberately chosen and implemented over decades, as during the Green Revolution. Currently, much work in the agricultural sciences focuses on evaluating designs that could improve agriculture's sustainability. However, approaches to agricultural system design are diverse and fragmented, relying on individual intuition and discipline-specific methods to meet stakeholders' often semi-incompatible goals. This ad-hoc approach presents the risk that agricultural science will overlook nonobvious designs with large societal benefits. Here, we introduce a state space framework, a common approach from computer science, to address the problem of proposing and evaluating agricultural designs computationally. This approach overcomes limitations of current agricultural system design methods by enabling a general set of computational abstractions to explore and select from a very large agricultural design space, which can then be empirically tested.
Search for Majorana neutrinos
Authors: Shimizu Itaru 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Whether there exist elementary particles having Majorana nature is a fundamental open question that has persisted since the 1930s. The only practical experiments to test the Majorana nature of neutrinos is the search for neutrinoless double-beta decay, which has been a major challenge for nuclear and particle physicists. In the 2000s, a number of experiments using advanced technologies were planned, some of which have already achieved significant improvements in the search sensitivity. In this article, the current status of the neutrinoless double-beta decay searches is summarized, reviewing the progress of KamLAND-Zen, which recorded the world’s best sensitivity in the effective Majorana neutrino mass limit.
Management of Aspergillosis in a Premature Neonate
Authors: Parham Matthew J. , Grush Andrew E. , Ferry Andrew M. , Richardson Barbara L. , Buchanan Edward P. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTAspergillusspecies are ubiquitous in the environment. Premature neonates are particularly vulnerable to these fungal infections because their immune systems and integument are underdeveloped. Fungal invasion through breaks in the epidermis can lead to the development of primary cutaneous aspergillosis (PCA), a skin infection that is locally destructive and causes tissue necrosis. If left untreated, the fungus can disseminate into deeper tissues, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Treatment options are primarily pharmaceutical with rare indications for surgical debridement. However, concomitant wound care protocols may be beneficial.Herein, the authors report the successful management and wound care of PCA with extensive necrosis in a premature neonate. A 6-day-old boy born prematurely at 23 weeks and 6 days presented with widespread white plaques along the midline of the back. Biopsy and culture of the area returned positive for bothAspergillus flavusandAspergillus niger. Appropriate antibiotic and antifungal treatment was initiated. Loose necrotic tissue was removed weekly with warm 0.9% saline on a cotton-tipped applicator. Fresh silver-impregnated dressings were applied daily and secured with swaddling wraps. Pharmacotherapy and wound care were discontinued on day of life (DOL) 85 and DOL 108, respectively. By DOL 40, all wounds were red, moist, and granulating. By DOL 108, the wound reached complete resolution, and the patient was discharged from the wound care service with a well-healed scar. This case highlights the importance of rapid medical management coupled with daily wound care for the successful treatment of PCA with extensive necrosis.
Mpox (Monkeypox) Infection During Pregnancy
Authors: Sampson Mindy M. , Magee Gray , Schrader Evan A. , Dantuluri Keerti L. , Bukhari Areej , Passaretti Catherine , Temming Lorene , Leonard Michael , Philips Jennifer B. , Weinrib David 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND:
An mpox (formerly “monkeypox”) outbreak began in 2022, leading to infection in special populations, including pregnant individuals.

CASE:
We present a case of an individual who presented with a labial ulcer and subsequent papular rash at 31 weeks of gestation. She was diagnosed with mpox infection and was treated with tecovirimat. She had an uncomplicated induction of labor at 39 2/7 weeks of gestation and delivered a healthy neonate. The neonate had a positive immunoglobulin G test result for orthopoxvirus but did not have skin lesions or positive molecular test results suggestive of infection.

CONCLUSION:
Transplacental transmission of mpox is possible, but, in this case, the neonate did not have clinical findings suggestive of active or antenatal mpox infection. Treatment with tecovirimat in gestational cases of mpox may be beneficial.
Can Rigid Femoral Nailing Be Used for Pediatric Femoral Shaft Fracture in Children 8 to 10 Years? Use of RIN in Patients With Femoral Shaft Fracture
Authors: Park Kwangwon , Cardin Stefano , Fan Bensen , Toledano James , Birnbaum Mark , Herrera-Soto José A. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The treatment modalities for pediatric femoral shaft fractures are determined by their age, weight, and fracture pattern. Rigid intramedullary nailing (RIN) is usually recommended for patients >11 years of age, and elastic intramedullary nailing (EIN) has been used for patients under 10 years. However, little is known about the use of RIN in patients aged 8 to 10 years. We examined the differences in patients with femoral shaft fractures who were treated with EIN or RIN in terms of (1) fracture healing; (2) changes of anatomic parameters; and (3) related complications.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed 54 patients between 8 and 10 years of age, with femoral shaft fractures, who were treated with either EIN or RIN between 2011 and 2020. Lateral trochanteric entry was used for RIN procedure. The mean follow-up period was 26.4 months (range, 6 to 113 mo). There were 17 patients in the EIN group and 37 patients in the RIN group. The mean age at the time of surgery was 1 year younger in the EIN group (P<0.01). The mean weight of the patient was significantly heavier in the RIN group compared with the EIN group.

Results:
Complete union of the fracture was achieved slightly faster in the RIN group at 3.4 months compared with 3.7 months in the EIN group (P=0.04). There were no clinically significant changes of the anatomic parameters in either group, including neck shaft angle and articulotrochanteric distance. There was no evidence of avascular necrosis at the time of final follow-up for either group. There were no significant differences in postoperative complications between the groups.

Conclusion:
RIN using lateral trochanteric entry is a feasible surgical option for femoral shaft fractures in patients 8 to 10 years of age that are heavier than 40 kg or with unstable fracture patterns.

Level of Evidence:
Level III, retrospective cohort study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Foetal genome editing
Authors: Bose Sourav K. , Kennedy Kara , Peranteau William H. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
The development of modern gene editing tools alongside promising innovations in gene sequencing and prenatal diagnostics as well as a shifting regulatory climate around targeted therapeutics offer an opportunity to address monogenic diseases prior to the onset of pathology. In this review, we seek to highlight recent progress in preclinical studies evaluating the potential in-utero gene editing as a treatment for monogenic diseases that cause morbidity or mortality before or shortly after birth.

Recent findings
There has been significant recent progress in clinical trials for postnatal gene editing. Corresponding advances have been made with respect to in-utero cell and enzyme replacement therapies. These precedents establish the foundation for ‘one-shot’ treatments by way in-utero gene editing. Compelling preclinical data in liver, pulmonary and multisystemic diseases demonstrate the potential benefits of in-utero editing approaches.

Summary
Recent proof-of-concept studies have demonstrated the safety and feasibility of in-utero gene editing across multiple organ systems and in numerous diseases. Clinical translation will require continued evolution of vectors and editing approaches to maximize efficiency and minimize unwanted treatment effects.
Frozen embryo transfers in a natural cycle: how to do it right
Authors: Lawrenz Barbara , Melado Laura , Fatemi Human M. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
Assisted reproductive technology treatment has seen a significant shift from fresh to frozen embryo transfers (FET). Endometrial receptivity in the FET cycle can be achieved through a hormonal replacement cycle or a natural cycle, and the preparation approach has important implications on the pregnancy itself. In the natural cycle approach, planning of the embryo transfer timing might be challenging due to the need to identify ovulation correctly.

Recent findings
Ovulation in a natural cycle is characterized by a luteinizing hormone surge, followed by the rise in progesterone (P4) levels, inducing secretory transformation. However, the luteinizing hormone surge can vary widely in its pattern, amplitude and duration and might not even result in the formation of a corpus luteum and P4 production. Monitoring of the luteinizing hormone surge using urinary luteinizing hormone kits might be a convenient approach, however, it is deemed unreliable and should be considered inadequate for securing the best outcome of a FET cycle.

Summary
Endometrial receptivity depends on the duration of progesterone exposure to the adequately estrogenized endometrium. In a natural cycle endometrial preparation approach, correct planning for the embryo transfer timing should include the measurement of luteinizing hormone, estradiol and P4.
An easy-to-use artificial intelligence preoperative lymph node metastasis predictor (LN-MASTER) in rectal cancer based on a privacy-preserving computing platform: multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Guan Xu , Yu Guanyu , Zhang Weiyuan , Wen Rongbo , Wei Ran , Jiao Shuai , Zhao Qing , Lou Zheng , Hao Liqiang , Liu Enrui , Gao Xianhua , Wang Guiyu , Zhang Wei , Wang Xishan 
Published: March 2023

Background:Although the surgical treatment strategy for rectal cancer (RC) is usually based on the preoperative diagnosis of lymph node metastasis (LNM), the accurate diagnosis of LNM has been a clinical challenge. In this study, we developed machine learning (ML) models to predict the LNM status before surgery based on a privacy-preserving computing platform (PPCP) and created a web tool to help clinicians with treatment-based decision-making in RC patients.Patients and methods:A total of 6578 RC patients were enrolled in this study. ML models, including logistic regression, support vector machine, extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and random forest, were used to establish the prediction models. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were calculated to compare the accuracy of the ML models with the US guidelines and clinical diagnosis of LNM. Last, model establishment and validation were performed in the PPCP without the exchange of raw data among different institutions.Results:LNM was detected in 1006 (35.3%), 252 (35.3%), 581 (32.9%), and 342 (27.4%) RC patients in the training, test, and external validation sets 1 and 2, respectively. The XGB model identified the optimal model with an AUC of 0.84 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.83–0.86] compared with the logistic regression model (AUC, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.74–0.78), random forest model (AUC, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.81–0.84), and support vector machine model (AUC, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.78–0.81). Furthermore, the XGB model showed higher accuracy than the predictive factors of the US guidelines and clinical diagnosis. The predictive XGB model was embedded in a web tool (named LN-MASTER) to predict the LNM status for RC.Conclusion:The proposed easy-to-use model showed good performance for LNM prediction, and the web tool can help clinicians make treatment-based decisions for patients with RC. Furthermore, PPCP enables state-of-the-art model development despite the limited local data availability.
Oncologic outcomes of intersphincteric resection versus abdominoperineal resection for lower rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Du Qiang , Yang Wenming , Zhang Jianhao , Qiu Siyuan , Liu Xueting , Wang Yong , Yang Lie , Zhou Zongguang 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The efficacy of intersphincteric resection (ISR) surgery for patients with lower rectal cancer remains unclear compared to abdominoperineal resection (APR). The aim of this study is to compare the oncologic outcomes for lower rectal cancer patients after ISR and APR through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic electronic search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE was performed through January 12, 2022. The primary outcomes included 5-year disease-free survival (5y-DFS) and 5-year overall survival. Secondary outcomes included circumferential resection margin involvement, local recurrence, perioperative outcomes, and other long-term outcomes. The pooled odds ratios, mean difference, or hazard ratios (HRs) of each outcome measurement and their 95% CIs were calculated.

Results:
A total of 20 nonrandomized controlled studies were included in the qualitative analysis, with 1217 patients who underwent ISR and 1135 patients who underwent APR. There was no significant difference in 5y-DFS (HR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.55–1.29; P=0.43) and 5-year overall survival (HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.60–1.46; P=0.76) between the two groups. Using the results of five studies that reported matched T stage and tumor distance, we performed another pooled analysis. Compared to APR, the ISR group had equal 5y-DFS (HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.45–1.30; P=0.31) and 5y-LRFS (local recurrence-free survival) (HR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.29–1.78; P=0.48). Meanwhile, ISR had equivalent local control as well as perioperative outcomes while significantly reducing the operative time (mean difference: −24.89, 95% CI: −45.21 to −4.57; P=0.02) compared to APR.

Conclusions:
Our results show that the long-term survival and safety of patients is not affected by ISR surgery, although this result needs to be carefully considered and requires further study due to the risk of bias and limited data.