bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and determinants of hematotoxicity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia children who received 6-mercaptopurine based maintenance therapy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Ali Awol Mekonnen , Adam Haileyesus , Hailu Daniel , Coenen Marieke J. H. , Howe Rawleigh , Abula Teferra 
Published: June 2023

Introduction
The maintenance phase of acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment is the final and longest stage of treatment, mainly focused on antimetabolite therapy. This phase is essential to eliminate residual leukemic clones and prevent relapse. However, dose-limiting hematotoxicity is a major problem during this phase resulting in dose reduction or treatment discontinuation.

Objective
In this cohort study, the clinical features and risk factors of hematological toxicity during the maintenance phase of treatment were analyzed in pediatric patients from Ethiopia.

Methods
A total of 160 patients from Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital were included in the study of which 142 had sufficient data available for analysis. Patient characteristics as well as information about the care-givers, sides-effects as reported by the care-givers and clinical factors were collected. Bivariable followed by multivariable analysis was performed to investigate which factors were associated with hematological toxicity during the maintenance phase.

Results
During the first six months of maintenance phase treatment grade 4 neutropenia was detected in 52.8% of the patients. The risk of developing grade 4 neutropenia was increased by about two fold in children with the age of 6 years and less compared to those with the age of more than 6 years. Similarly, the rate of developing grade 4 neutropenia among children with less than 4,500 maintenance day 1 white blood cell counts was significantly higher than that of children with normal maintenance day 1 white blood cell counts (AHR 2.477, 95% CI = 1.461–4.200, p = 0.001).

Conclusion
In conclusion, child’s age and day 1 maintenance white blood cell/absolute neutrophil counts significantly affected the occurrence of grade 4 hematotoxicity. Close monitoring for white blood cell and absolute neutrophil counts during maintenance phase treatment is recommended for early diagnosis of hematotoxicity.
Use of latent class analysis and patient reported outcome measures to identify distinct long COVID phenotypes: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Wong Alyson W. , Tran Karen C. , Binka Mawuena , Janjua Naveed Z. , Sbihi Hind , Russell James A. , Carlsten Christopher , Levin Adeera , Ryerson Christopher J. 
Published: June 2023

Objectives
We sought to 1) identify long COVID phenotypes based on patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) and 2) determine whether the phenotypes were associated with quality of life (QoL) and/or lung function.

Methods
This was a longitudinal cohort study of hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients from March 2020 to January 2022 that was conducted across 4 Post-COVID Recovery Clinics in British Columbia, Canada. Latent class analysis was used to identify long COVID phenotypes using baseline PROMs (fatigue, dyspnea, cough, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder). We then explored the association between the phenotypes and QoL (using the EuroQoL 5 dimensions visual analogue scale [EQ5D VAS]) and lung function (using the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide [DLCO]).

Results
There were 1,344 patients enrolled in the study (mean age 51 ±15 years; 780 [58%] were females; 769 (57%) were of a non-White race). Three distinct long COVID phenotypes were identified: Class 1) fatigue and dyspnea, Class 2) anxiety and depression, and Class 3) fatigue, dyspnea, anxiety, and depression. Class 3 had a significantly lower EQ5D VAS at 3 (50±19) and 6 months (54 ± 22) compared to Classes 1 and 2 (p<0.001). The EQ5D VAS significantly improved between 3 and 6 months for Class 1 (median difference of 6.0 [95% CI, 4.0 to 8.0]) and Class 3 (median difference of 5.0 [95% CI, 0 to 8.5]). There were no differences in DLCO between the classes.

Conclusions
There were 3 distinct long COVID phenotypes with different outcomes in QoL between 3 and 6 months after symptom onset. These phenotypes suggest that long COVID is a heterogeneous condition with distinct subpopulations who may have different outcomes and warrant tailored therapeutic approaches.
Pan-cancer analysis of the intervertebral-disc-degeneration-related innate immunity gene NAIP
Authors: Xu Wen-Bin , Kotheeranurak Vit , Chen Ding-Qiang , Sun Nai-Kun , Cai Di-Xin , Chen Chien-Min , Lin Guang-Xun , Rui Gang 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundIntervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a progressive chronic condition that commonly causes low back pain. Cancer is among the primary reasons for deaths worldwide. Our purpose was to identify the characteristic genes of IDD and explore the potential association between IDD and cancer.MethodsImmune cell infiltration and differentially expressed analysis were conducted utilizing data from the GSE124272 database. Enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was performed to explore the possible mechanisms underlying IDD development. Moreover, weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to select IDD-related hub genes. The immune-related key genes were determined by intersecting DEGs, IDD-related hub genes, and immune genes. Subsequently, machine learning models based on these genes were built to identify and verify the characteristic genes. RNA sequencing and clinical data of 33 carcinoma categories were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The association between NAIP expression and prognosis was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis. To gain a deeper understanding of the impact of NAIP in tumor immunotherapy, the association between NAIP and immune infiltration and two immunotherapeutic biomarkers were explored. Ultimately, the association between NAIP and immunotherapeutic response was investigated utilizing two independent cohorts.ResultsNAIP was identified as an immune-related characteristic gene between IDD and normal intervertebral disc tissue. In certain carcinoma categories, NAIP expression levels were elevated (4/33) and significantly correlated to the respective tumor stage (4/21). Survival analysis revealed that the expression levels of NAIP have prognostic significance in different cancer types. Generally, NAIP presented a strong association with immune cell infiltration and modulators. NAIP may influence immunotherapy effects through tumor mutational burden and microsatellite instability. No remarkable association between NAIP and immunotherapy response was found in either cohort.ConclusionOur study is the first to identify NAIP as an immune-related characteristic gene. Pan-cancer analysis revealed that NAIP could serve as a novel clinical prognostic marker and therapeutic target for a variety of carcinoma categories, reducing the risk of IDD in tumor patients.
Trends and outcome of statin therapy in dialysis patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Lee Myunhee , Hong Yu Ah , Myong Jun-Pyo , Lee Kyusup , Park Mahn-Won , Kim Dae-Won 
Published: June 2023

Background
Although statins are an effective strategy for the secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the general population, the benefits for dialysis patients are controversial. We sought to assess trends of statin use and evaluate outcomes of statin therapy in dialysis patients with different types of ASCVD.

Methods
This nationwide retrospective population-based cohort study using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service included adult patients (aged ≥ 18 years) undergoing chronic dialysis who had an initial ASCVD event in the time period of 2013 to 2018. Annual trends of statin use according to age, sex, and ASCVD types were analyzed. The association between 1-year mortality and statin use was examined using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses.

Results
Among 17,242 subjects, 9,611(55.7%) patients were statin users. The overall prevalence of statin use increased from 52.9% in 2013 to 57.7% in 2018; the majority (77%) of dialysis patients were prescribed moderate-intensity statins. The proportions of low- or moderate-intensity statin use were similar, but high-intensity statin use increased from 5.7% in 2013 to 10.5% in 2018. The use of the statin/ezetimibe combination has gradually increased since 2016. Statin use was independently associated with the reduced 1-year all-cause mortality after adjusting for confounding factors (hazard ratio [HR] 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80–0.96, P = 0.004).

Conclusion
The prevalence of statin prescriptions in dialysis patients after ASCVD event increased from 2013 to 2018. Most patients received moderate-intensity statin. However, high-intensity statin and statin/ezetimibe combination therapy has remarkably increased. Statin use was associated with decreased 1-year all-cause mortality in dialysis patients with ASCVD.
Positive solutions for a class of concave-convex semilinear elliptic systems with double critical exponents
Authors: Zhang Han-Ming , Liao Jia-Feng 
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we consider the following concave-convex semilinear elliptic system with double critical exponents:

{

−
Δ
u
=

|

u

|

2

∗

−
2

u
+

α

2

∗

|

u

|

α
−
2

|

v

|

β

u
+
λ

|

u

|

q
−
2

u
,

in

Ω
,

−
Δ
v
=

|

v

|

2

∗

−
2

v
+

β

2

∗

|

u

|

α

|

v

|

β
−
2

v
+
μ

|

v

|

q
−
2

v
,

in

Ω
,

u
,

v
>
0
,

in

Ω
,

u
=
v
=
0
,

on

∂
Ω
,

where
Ω
⊂

R

N

(
N
≥
3
)

is a bounded domain with smooth boundary,~
λ
,

μ
>
0
,

1
<
q
<
2
,

α
>
1
,

β
>
1
,

α
+
β
=

2

∗

=

2
N

N
−
2

. By the Nehari manifold method and variational method, we obtain two positive solutions which
improves the recent results in the literature.
Additive Manufacturing of Bipolar Plates in PEM Electrolyzer for Green Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Yalamati Hari Pavan Sriram 
Published: June 2023

Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has gained increasing interest in recent years and has been employed in various industrial fields. One of the potential applications of AM is in producing bipolar plates for green hydrogen production using a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer. This paper aims to discuss additive manufacturing technology to construct bipolar plates for green hydrogen production through PEM electrolysis. PEM electrolysis is a promising technology for hydrogen production due to its high efficiency and low energy consumption. A bipolar plate is an essential component of a PEM electrolyzer and plays a significant role in the electrolysis process.
The bipolar plate acts as a separator between the anode and cathode compartments and helps distribute the reactants and products to the electrode surfaces. Conventionally, bipolar plates are made of graphite or metals such as stainless steel, titanium, and nickel alloys. However, these materials have limitations such as high cost, low durability, and difficulty in manufacturing complex shapes. The material properties of the bipolar plates play a critical role in the performance of the PEM electrolyzer. The bipolar plates should have high electrical conductivity, good corrosion resistance, and low contact resistance with the electrode surfaces.
Several materials have been investigated for producing bipolar plates using AM, including titanium alloys, stainless steel, nickel alloys, and copper. Titanium alloys have excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties but are relatively expensive. Stainless steel and nickel alloys are cheaper than titanium but have lower corrosion resistance. Copper has high electrical conductivity but can be prone to corrosion in the harsh PEM electrolysis environment.
In conclusion, additive manufacturing can potentially revolutionize the production of bipolar plates for PEM electrolysis. AM techniques such as PBF and BJ can produce complex shapes with high precision and reduce waste compared to conventional manufacturing methods. The material properties of the bipolar plates play a critical role in the performance of the PEM electrolyzer, and various materials and surface treatments have been investigated to improve their properties. However, further research is needed to optimize the AM process parameters, improve the material properties, and reduce the cost of production.
The existence of infinitely many boundary blow-up solutions to the p-k-Hessian equation
Authors: Feng Meiqiang , Zhang Xuemei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The primary objective of this article is to analyze the existence of infinitely many radial

p

p

-

k

k

-convex solutions to the boundary blow-up

p

p

-

k

k

-Hessian problem

σ

k

(

λ

(

D

i

(

∣
D
u
∣

p
−
2

D

j

u

)

)

)

=
H

(

∣
x
∣

)

f

(

u

)

in

Ω
,

u
=
+
∞

on

∂
Ω
.

{\sigma }_{k}\left(\lambda \left({D}_{i}\left({| Du| }^{p-2}{D}_{j}u)))=H\left(| x| )f\left(u)\hspace{0.33em}\hspace{0.1em}\text{in}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}\Omega ,\hspace{0.33em}u=+\infty \hspace{0.33em}\hspace{0.1em}\text{on}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}\partial \Omega .

Here,

k
∈

{

1
,
2
,

…

,
N

}

k\in \left\{1,2,\ldots ,N\right\}

,

σ

k

(

λ

)

{\sigma }_{k}\left(\lambda )

is the

k

k

-Hessian operator, and

Ω

\Omega

is a ball in

R

N

(

N
≥
2

)

{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}\hspace{0.33em}\left(N\ge 2)

. Our methods are mainly based on the sub- and super-solutions method.
A Russian Aristocrat in the Principality of Liechtenstein: Life Trajectories, Material Culture, and Language
Authors: Grinevskaya Irina 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This essay is dedicated to the life and interests of Baron von Falz-Fein who died in 2018 at the age of 106. Having emigrated with his family in childhood, he preserved interest in his Motherland throughout his life and spent considerable time and effort to promote Russia’s ties with “White Emigrants.” He also contributed to the return of various historical documents and objects of art that had been taken abroad in the upheavals of the 1917 revolution and World War II. Throughout his life, he accumulated a substantial collection of Russian art acquired from various countries of Europe. Displayed in his house, these objects of art reflected life trajectories of émigrés, and his narratives shared with the author reveal the importance of people’s diplomacy in changing Russia’s attitudes to her diaspora. The prominent figure of the Baron, his friendships, diverse interests, and sports achievements are grandly present in the objects he possessed. His language presents considerable interest for linguists, adding to our understanding on how contact languages influence Russian spoken abroad, and which elements of the language system are robust and which are particularly vulnerable. The essay is richly illustrated with photos made by the author.
An electric-field high energy harvester from medium or high voltage power line with parallel line
Authors: Srilaket Aekanuwat , Hoyingchareon Pakpoom , Prasertsit Anuwat , Chetpattananondh Kanadit 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to effectively monitor transmission lines and transmission towers, a number of different types of sensors are needed. A lot of times, these sensors along with the transmission lines and transmission towers are in inaccessible or hard-to-access areas and replacing their batteries is difficult. Yet they need consistent power supply. By harvesting energy directly from these medium and high voltage power lines, these devices can become self-sustaining while the overall system is more friendly to the environment. This paper presents a novel approach to high energy harvesting based on capacitive coupling between the power line and the harvesting line. This technique has several advantages, namely high output voltage, easy adjustment of coupling coefficient, and low cost. The validation and implantation of this harvesting system are proposed with the support of experimental results. This energy-harvesting ability of W and mA levels is achieved for the power line monitoring devices, with higher power output depending on the length and the size of the harvesting line.
When children acquire irony: The role of epistemic vigilance
Authors: Scianna Caterina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIrony is a mechanism that, at the same time, says and does not say. It is a case in which the speaker literally expresses a sense that is not what the speaker wants to communicate. It is a case of implicit echoic mention that conveys an attitude toward what is mentioned. Therefore, an utterance that, to be understood, needs contextual elements, meta-communicative elements and a mutual attribution of knowledge, intentions and affective states between speaker and hearer; the elaboration of which requires specific capacities – linguistics as well as cognitive – that allow to recognize the unsaid intentions of the speaker. Even if the ironic speaker expresses an attitude and, in doing this, s/he is ‘honest’ (s/he wants the hearer to recognize the falsehood or the irrelevance of the expressed proposition and to grasp the attitude towards it), most of the time, ironic expressions are sentences that are apparently false. To be able to distinguish between irony and lying, the hearer must determine that the ironic speaker wants the listener to disbelieve the statement, whereas the liar wants the listener to believe just what is said. Distinguishing between a false observation said with a misleading intent and an untrue sentence proffered/uttered with an ironic intent, requires a right attribution of a second-order belief, but it also requires the capacity ofepistemic vigilance, an ability that allows us to evaluate the accuracy of the content of the information provided by others, and to discriminate the reliability of the source of information. The complex abilities, required by irony elaboration, make irony learning during childhood particularly difficult. Acquisition of irony comprehension is more complex than any other form of non-literal speech and, during growth, it reaches its complete development later than many other complex linguistic aspects, only about at the age of ten-twelve. The article wants to show how difficulties of irony elaboration in children are linked not only to the full development of meta-representational abilities, but in addition and especially to the development of epistemic vigilance.
Nonexistence of global solutions to Klein-Gordon equations with variable coefficients power-type nonlinearities
Authors: Kolkovska Natalia , Dimova Milena , Kutev Nikolai 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this article, we investigate the Cauchy problem for Klein-Gordon equations with combined power-type nonlinearities. Coefficients in the nonlinearities depend on the space variable. They are sign preserving functions except one of the coefficients, which may change its sign. We study completely the structure of the Nehari manifold. By using the potential well method, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for nonexistence of global solution for subcritical initial energy by means of the sign of the Nehari functional. When the energy is positive, we propose new sufficient conditions for finite time blow up of the weak solutions. One of these conditions is independent of the sign of the scalar product of the initial data. We also prove uniqueness of the weak solutions under slightly more restrictive assumptions for the powers of the nonlinearities.
Wrongful Convictions and Post-Conviction Review: Barriers to Access-to-Justice in the Nordic Countries
Authors: Hellqvist Sara 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
All the Nordic countries offer individuals who claim to have been wrongfully convicted the possibility to apply for post-conviction review. The research on wrongful convictions has however often discussed the risk that those cases that are identified, i.e., those cases of post-conviction review that lead to exoneration, are not representative of wrongful convictions as a whole. Moving from this background, this article provides an overview and comparison of the systems of post-conviction review in the Nordic countries, and problematises this description from an access-to-justice perspective with the aim of examining the obstacles wrongful conviction claimants may face when they attempt to pursue this review remedy. On the basis of the parameters used in this article to study accessibility of the review systems, Finland is emerging as the country with the least accessible system, whereas the Norwegian system is the most accessible, followed by that of Iceland. It is not entirely evident how Sweden and Denmark should be ranked in relation to one another however. The results are discussed from a transparency point of view, since detailed information that allows for an analysis of practice appears to be lacking in at least three of the Nordic countries.
Rahmenbedingungen einer künftigen Fehlurteilskultur in Deutschland
Authors: Momsen Carsten 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
In der deutschen Strafjustiz wird das Auftreten von Fehlurteilen institutionell nicht akzeptiert. Die Tatsachengrundlage schwerer Verurteilungen ist nicht mit Rechtsmitteln zu überprüfen und die Beweisaufnahme wird weder in der Hauptverhandlung noch im Ermittlungsverfahren flächendeckend und systematisch dokumentiert. Die Hürden für eine Wiederaufnahme liegen so hoch, dass ein großer Teil inhaftierter Verurteilter faktisch keinen Zugang zum Recht erhält. Der Beitrag plädiert für eine Fehlurteilskultur in Deutschland. Die setzt einen Willen der Strafverfolgungsorgane und Gerichte voraus, eigene Entscheidungen kritisch zu analysieren und zu prüfen. Den Verurteilten muss bspw. über ein in Berlin neu entstandenes pro-bono Projekt der Zugang zum Wiederaufnahmeverfahren erleichtert werden. Das Thema muss in der Juristenausbildung verankert werden. In erster Linie aber sind die Strafverfolgungsorgane gefragt: Sie müssen akzeptieren, dass ein rationaler Umgang mit Fehlern keinen Autoritätsverlust bedeutet, sondern Vertrauen schafft. Es gibt keinen Grund, die Strafverfolgung und Strafjustiz den Erkenntnissen und Methoden moderner Compliance zu entziehen.
Variational principles for a double Rayleigh beam system undergoing vibrations and connected by a nonlinear Winkler–Pasternak elastic layer
Authors: Adali Sarp 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Variational principles and variationally consistent boundary conditions are derived for a system of double Rayleigh beams undergoing vibrations and subject to axial loads. The elastic layer connecting the beams are modelled as a three-parameter nonlinear Winkler–Pasternak layer with the Winkler layer having linear and nonlinear components and Pasternak layer having only a linear component. Variational principles are derived for the forced and freely vibrating double beam system using a semi-inverse approach. Hamilton’s principle for the system is given and the Rayleigh quotients are derived for the vibration frequency of the freely vibrating system and for the buckling load. Natural and geometric variationally consistent boundary conditions are derived which leads to a set of coupled boundary conditions due to the presence of Pasternak layer connecting the beams.