bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex Structures Made Simple – Continuous Flow Production of Core Cross‐Linked Polymeric Micelles for Paclitaxel Pro‐Drug‐Delivery
Authors: Bauer Tobias A. , Schramm Jonas , Fenaroli Federico , Siemer Svenja , Seidl Christine I. , Rosenauer Christine , Bleul Regina , Stauber Roland H. , Koynov Kaloian , Maskos Michael , Barz Matthias 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTranslating innovative nanomaterials to medical products requires efficient manufacturing techniques that enable large‐scale high‐throughput synthesis with high reproducibility. Drug carriers in medicine embrace a complex subset of tasks calling for multifunctionality. Here, the synthesisof pro‐drug‐loaded core cross‐linked polymeric micelles (CCPMs) in a continuous flow processis reported, which combines the commonly separated steps of micelle formation, core cross‐linking, functionalization, and purification into a single process. Redox‐responsive CCPMs are formed from thiol‐reactive polypept(o)ides of polysarcosine‐block‐poly(S‐ethylsulfonyl‐l‐cysteine) and functional cross‐linkers based on dihydrolipoic acid hydrazide for pH‐dependent release of paclitaxel. The precisely controlled microfluidic process allows the production of spherical micelles (Dh = 35 nm) with low polydispersity values (PDI < 0.1) while avoiding toxic organic solvents and additives with unfavorable safety profiles. Self‐assembly and cross‐linking via slit interdigital micromixers produces 350–700 mg of CCPMs/h per single system, while purification by online tangential flow filtration successfully removes impurities (unimer ≤ 0.5%). The formed paclitaxel‐loaded CCPMs possess the desired pH‐responsive release profile, display stable drug encapsulation, an improved toxicity profile compared to Abraxane (a trademark of Bristol‐Myers Squibb), and therapeutic efficiency in the B16F1‐xenotransplanted zebrafish model. The combination of reactive polymers, functional cross‐linkers, and microfluidics enables the continuous‐flow synthesis of therapeutically active CCPMs in a single process.
Ultra‐Thin Lithium Silicide Interlayer for Solid‐State Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Sung Jaekyung , Kim So Yeon , Harutyunyan Avetik , Amirmaleki Maedeh , Lee Yoonkwang , Son Yeonguk , Li Ju 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAll‐solid‐state batteries with metallic lithium (LiBCC) anode and solid electrolyte (SE) are under active development. However, an unstable SE/LiBCC interface due to electrochemical and mechanical instabilities hinders their operation. Herein, an ultra‐thin nanoporous mixed ionic and electronic conductor (MIEC) interlayer (≈3.25 µm), which regulates LiBCC deposition and stripping, serving as a 3D scaffold for Li0 ad‐atom formation, LiBCC nucleation, and long‐range transport of ions and electrons at SE/LiBCC interface is demonstrated. Consisting of lithium silicide and carbon nanotubes, the MIEC interlayer is thermodynamically stable against LiBCC and highly lithiophilic. Moreover, its nanopores (<100 nm) confine the deposited LiBCC to the size regime where LiBCC exhibits “smaller is much softer” size‐dependent plasticity governed by diffusive deformation mechanisms. The LiBCC thus remains soft enough not to mechanically penetrate SE in contact. Upon further plating, LiBCC grows in between the current collector and the MIEC interlayer, not directly contacting the SE. As a result, a full‐cell having Li3.75Si‐CNT/LiBCC foil as an anode and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 as a cathode displays a high specific capacity of 207.8 mAh g−1, 92.0% initial Coulombic efficiency, 88.9% capacity retention after 200 cycles (Coulombic efficiency reaches 99.9% after tens of cycles), and excellent rate capability (76% at 5 C).
Advances in In Vitro Models of Neuromuscular Junction: Focusing on Organ‐on‐a‐Chip, Organoids, and Biohybrid Robotics
Authors: Leng Yubing , Li Xiaorui , Zheng Fuyin , Liu Hui , Wang Chunyan , Wang Xudong , Liao Yulong , Liu Jiangyue , Meng Kaiqi , Yu Jiaheng , Zhang Jingyi , Wang Binyu , Tan Yingjun , Liu Meili , Jia Xiaoling , Li Deyu , Li Yinghui , Gu Zhongze , Fan Yubo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a peripheral synaptic connection between presynaptic motor neurons and postsynaptic skeletal muscle fibers that enables muscle contraction and voluntary motor movement. Many traumatic, neurodegenerative, and neuroimmunological diseases are classically believed to mainly affect either the neuronal or the muscle side of the NMJ, and treatment options are lacking. Recent advances in novel techniques have helped develop in vitro physiological and pathophysiological models of the NMJ as well as enable precise control and evaluation of its functions. This paper reviews the recent developments in in vitro NMJ models with 2D or 3D cultures, from organ‐on‐a‐chip and organoids to biohybrid robotics. Related derivative techniques are introduced for functional analysis of the NMJ, such as the patch‐clamp technique, microelectrode arrays, calcium imaging, and stimulus methods, particularly optogenetic‐mediated light stimulation, microelectrode‐mediated electrical stimulation, and biochemical stimulation. Finally, the applications of the in vitro NMJ models as disease models or for drug screening related to suitable neuromuscular diseases are summarized and their future development trends and challenges are discussed.
Recent Advances in Biodegradable Green Electronic Materials and Sensor Applications
Authors: Min JinKi , Jung Yeongju , Ahn Jiyong , Lee Jae Gun , Lee Jinwoo , Ko Seung Hwan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs environmental issues have become the dominant agenda worldwide, the necessity for more environmentally friendly electronics has recently emerged. Accordingly, biodegradable or nature‐derived materials for green electronics have attracted increased interest. Initially, metal‐green hybrid electronics are extensively studied. Although these materials are partially biodegradable, they have high utility owing to their metallic components. Subsequently, carbon‐framed materials (such as graphite, cylindrical carbon nanomaterials, graphene, graphene oxide, laser‐induced graphene) have been investigated. This has led to the adoption of various strategies for carbon‐based materials, such as blending them with biodegradable materials. Moreover, various conductive polymers have been developed and researchers have studied their potential use in green electronics. Researchers have attempted to fabricate conductive polymer composites with high biodegradability by shortening the polymer chains. Furthermore, various physical, chemical, and biological sensors that are essential to modern society have been studied using biodegradable compounds. These recent advances in green electronics have paved the way toward their application in real life, providing a brighter future for society.
Fabrication of 3D Oriented MOF Micropatterns with Anisotropic Fluorescent Properties
Authors: Velásquez‐Hernández Miriam de J. , Linares‐Moreau Mercedes , Brandner Lea A. , Marmiroli Benedetta , Barella Mariano , Acuna Guillermo P. , Zilio Simone Dal , Verstreken Margot F. K. , Kravchenko Dmitry E. , Linder‐Patton Oliver M. , Evans Jack D. , Wiltsche Helmar , Carraro Francesco , Wolinski Heimo , Ameloot Rob , Doonan Christian , Falcaro Paolo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMicropatterning crystalline materials with oriented pores is necessary for the fabrication of devices with anisotropic properties. Crystalline and porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are ideal materials as their chemical and structural mutability enables precise tuning of functional properties for applications ranging from microelectronics to photonics. Herein, a patternable oriented MOF film is designed: by using a photomask under X‐ray exposure, the MOF film decomposes in the irradiated areas, remaining intact in the unexposed regions. The MOF film acts simultaneously as a resist and as functional porous material. While the heteroepitaxial growth from aligned Cu(OH)2 nanobelts is used to deposit oriented MOF films, the sensitivity to radiation is achieved by integrating a brominated dicarboxylate ligand (Br2BDC) into a copper‐based MOF Cu2L2DABCO (DABCO = 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; L = BDC/Br2BDC). The lithographed samples act as diffraction gratings upon irradiation with a laser, thus confirming the quality of the extended MOF micropattern. Furthermore, the oriented MOF patterns are functionalized with fluorescent dyes. As a result, by rotating the polarization angle of the laser excitation, the alignment of the dye in the MOF is demonstrated. By controlling the functional response to light, this MOF patterning protocol can be used for the microfabrication of optical components for photonic devices.
Centrifuge‐Free Separation of Solution‐Exfoliated 2D Nanosheets via Cross‐Flow Filtration
Authors: Downing Julia R. , Diaz‐Arauzo Santiago , Chaney Lindsay E. , Tsai Daphne , Hui Janan , Seo Jung‐Woo T. , Cohen Deborah R. , Dango Michael , Zhang Jinrui , Williams Nicholas X. , Qian Justin H. , Dunn Jennifer B. , Hersam Mark C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSolution‐processed graphene is a promising material for numerous high‐volume applications including structural composites, batteries, sensors, and printed electronics. However, the polydisperse nature of graphene dispersions following liquid‐phase exfoliation poses major manufacturing challenges, as incompletely exfoliated graphite flakes must be removed to achieve optimal properties and downstream performance. Incumbent separation schemes rely on centrifugation, which is highly energy‐intensive and limits scalable manufacturing. Here, cross‐flow filtration (CFF) is introduced as a centrifuge‐free processing method that improves the throughput of graphene separation by two orders of magnitude. By tuning membrane pore sizes between microfiltration and ultrafiltration length scales, CFF can also be used for efficient recovery of solvents and stabilizing polymers. In this manner, life cycle assessment and techno‐economic analysis reveal that CFF reduces greenhouse gas emissions, fossil energy usage, water consumption, and specific production costs of graphene manufacturing by 57%, 56%, 63%, and 72%, respectively. To confirm that CFF produces electronic‐grade graphene, CFF‐processed graphene nanosheets are formulated into printable inks, leading to state‐of‐the‐art thin‐film conductivities exceeding 104 S m−1. This CFF methodology can likely be generalized to other van der Waals layered solids, thus enabling sustainable manufacturing of the diverse set of applications currently being pursued for 2D materials.
Multifunctional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Microcrystalline Engineering and Electromagnetic Response Switching Multi‐Band Devices
Authors: Yan Jun , Zheng Qi , Wang Shuang‐Peng , Tian Yong‐Zhi , Gong Wei‐Qiang , Gao Feng , Qiu Ji‐Jun , Li Lin , Yang Shu‐Hui , Cao Mao‐Sheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHigh‐efficiency electromagnetic (EM) functional materials are the core building block of high‐performance EM absorbers and devices, and they are indispensable in various fields ranging from industrial manufacture to daily life, or even from national defense security to space exploration. Searching for high‐efficiency EM functional materials and realizing high‐performance EM devices remain great challenges. Herein, a simple solution‐process is developed to rapidly grow gram‐scale organic–inorganic (MAPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite microcrystals. They exhibit excellent EM response in multi bands covering microwaves, visible light, and X‐rays. Among them, outstanding microwave absorption performance with multiple absorption bands can be achieved, and their intrinsic EM properties can be tuned by adjusting polar group. An ultra‐wideband bandpass filter with high suppression level of −71.8 dB in the stopband in the GHz band, self‐powered photodetectors with tunable broadband or narrowband photoresponse in the visible‐light band, and a self‐powered X‐ray detector with high sensitivity of 3560 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 in the X‐ray band are designed and realized by precisely regulating the physical features of perovskite and designing a novel planar device structure. These findings open a door toward developing high‐efficiency EM functional materials for realizing high‐performance EM absorbers and devices.
A Conformable Ultrasound Patch for Cavitation‐Enhanced Transdermal Cosmeceutical Delivery
Authors: Yu Chia‐Chen , Shah Aastha , Amiri Nikta , Marcus Colin , Nayeem Md Osman Goni , Bhayadia Amit Kumar , Karami Amin , Dagdeviren Canan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIncreased consumer interest in healthy‐looking skin demands a safe and effective method to increase transdermal absorption of innovative therapeutic cosmeceuticals. However, permeation of small‐molecule drugs is limited by the innate barrier function of the stratum corneum. Here, a conformable ultrasound patch (cUSP) that enhances transdermal transport of niacinamide by inducing intermediate‐frequency sonophoresis in the fluid coupling medium between the patch and the skin is reported. The cUSP consists of piezoelectric transducers embedded in a soft elastomer to create localized cavitation pockets (0.8 cm2, 1 mm deep) over larger areas of conformal contact (20 cm2). Multiphysics simulation models, acoustic spectrum analysis, and high‐speed videography are used to characterize transducer deflection, acoustic pressure fields, and resulting cavitation bubble dynamics in the coupling medium. The final system demonstrates a 26.2‐fold enhancement in niacinamide transport in a porcine model in vitro with a 10 min ultrasound application, demonstrating the suitability of the device for short‐exposure, large‐area application of sonophoresis for patients and consumers suffering from skin conditions and premature skin aging.
Foldable Hole‐Transporting Materials for Merging Electronic States between Defective and Perfect Perovskite Sites
Authors: Xia Jianxing , Luizys Povilas , Daskeviciene Maryte , Xiao Chuanxiao , Kantminiene Kristina , Jankauskas Vygintas , Rakstys Kasparas , Kreiza Gediminas , Gao Xiao‐Xin , Kanda Hiroyuki , Brooks Keith Gregory , Alwani Imanah Rafieh , Ain Qurat Ul , Zou Jihua , Shao Guang , Hu Ruiyuan , Qiu Zeliang , Slonopas Andre , Asiri Abdullah M. , Zhang Yi , Dyson Paul J. , Getautis Vytautas , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDefective and perfect sites naturally exist within electronic semiconductors, and considerable efforts to reduce defects to improve the performance of electronic devices, especially in hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (ABX3), are undertaken. Herein, foldable hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) are developed, and they extend the wavefunctions of A‐site cations of perovskite, which, as hybridized electronic states, link the trap states (defective site) and valence band edge (perfect site) between the naturally defective and perfect sites of the perovskite surface, finally converting the discrete trap states of the perovskite as the continuous valence band to reduce trap recombination. Tailoring the foldability of the HTMs tunes the wavefunctions between defective and perfect surface sites, allowing the power conversion efficiency of a small cell to reach 23.22% and that of a mini‐module (6.5 × 7 cm, active area = 30.24 cm2) to reach as high as 21.71% with a fill factor of 81%, the highest value reported for non‐spiro‐OMeTAD‐based perovskite solar modules.
Dual‐Functional V2C MXene Assembly in Facilitating Sulfur Evolution Kinetics and Li‐Ion Sieving toward Practical Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Chen Le , Sun Yingjie , Wei Xijun , Song Lixian , Tao Gang , Cao Xuan , Wang Dong , Zhou Guangmin , Song Yingze 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are considered as one of the most promising candidates to achieve an energy density of 500 Wh kg⁻1. However, the challenges of shuttle effect, sluggish sulfur conversion kinetics, and lithium‐dendrite growth severely obstruct their practical implementation. Herein, multiscale V2C MXene (VC) with a spherical confinement structure is designed as a high‐efficiency bifunctional promotor for the evolution of sulfur and lithium species in Li–S batteries. Combining synchrotron X‐ray 3D nano‐computed tomography (X‐ray 3D nano‐CT), small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS), and first‐principle calculations, it is revealed that the activity of VC can be maximized by tuning the scale, and the as‐attained functions are conducted as follows: (i) the VC acts as the efficient lithium polysulfide (LiPS) scavenger due to the large number of active sites; (ii) the VC exhibits significantly improved electrocatalytic function for the Li2S nucleation and decomposition reaction kinetics owing to the scale effect; and (iii) the VC can regulate the dynamic behavior of Li‐ions and thus stabilize the lithium plating/stripping effectively on account of the unique ion‐sieving effect.
Circularly Polarized Light Responsive Materials: Design Strategies and Applications
Authors: Liu Yiping , Xing Pengyao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCircularly polarized light (CPL) with the end of optical vector traveling along circumferential trajectory shows left‐ and right‐handedness, which transmits chiral information to materials via complicated CPL–matter interactions. Materials with circular dichroism respond to CPL illumination selectively with differential outputs that can be used to design novel photodetectors. Racemic or achiral compounds under CPL go through photodestruction, photoresolution, and asymmetric synthesis pathways to generate enantiomeric bias and optical activity. By this strategy, helical polymers and chiral inorganic plasmonic nanostructures are synthesized directly, and their intramolecular folding and subsequent self‐assembly are photomodulable as well. In the aggregated state of self‐assembly and liquid crystal phase, helical sense of the dynamic molecular packing is sensitive to enantiomeric bias brought by CPL, enabling the chiral amplification to supramolecular scale. In this review, the application‐guided design strategies of CPL‐responsive materials are aimed to be systematically summarized and discussed. Asymmetric synthesis, resolution, and property‐modulation of small organic compounds, polymers, inorganic nanoparticles, supramolecular assemblies and liquid crystals are highlighted based on the important developments during the last decades. Besides, applications of light–matter interactions including CPL detection and biomedical applications are also referred.
Fill in the Blank: Transferrable Deep Learning Approaches to Recover Missing Physical Field Information
Authors: Yang Zhenze , Buehler Markus J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSolving materials engineering tasks is often hindered by limited information, such as in inverse problems with only boundary data information or design tasks with a simple objective but a vast search space. To address these challenges, multiple deep learning (DL) architectures are leveraged to predict missing mechanical information given limited known data in part of the domain, and further characterize the composite geometries from the recovered mechanical fields for 2D and 3D complex microstructures. In 2D, a conditional generative adversarial network (GAN) is utilized to complete partially masked field maps and predict the composite geometry with convolutional models with great accuracy and generality by making precise predictions on field data with mixed stress/strain components, hierarchical geometries, distinct materials properties and various types of microstructures including ill‐posed inverse problems. In 3D, a Transformer‐based architecture is implemented to predict complete 3D mechanical fields from input field snapshots. The model manifests excellent performance regardless of microstructural complexity and recovers the entire bulk field even from a single surface field image, allowing internal structural characterization from only boundary measurements. The whole frameworks provide efficient ways for analysis and design with incomplete information and allow the direct inverse translation from properties back to materials structures.
Hybrid insect protection and fungicide application for managing ear rots and mycotoxins in silage corn
Authors: Kaur Harkirat , DiFonzo Christina , Chilvers Martin , Cassida Kimberly , Singh Maninder Pal 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMycotoxins in silage corn (Zea mays L.) accumulate due to ear rot infections by certain ascomycete fungi and cause health issues in livestock. Fungal infections intensify with increase in ear‐damaging insect injury and favorable environment in the US Great Lakes region. Therefore, evaluating strategies such as hybrid insect protection and fungicide decisions to manage insects, ear rots, mycotoxin, and silage quality is crucial. Field trials were conducted in randomized complete block design at 11 Michigan site‐years across 2019–2021 using three hybrid insect protection levels under two levels of prothioconazole fungicide (treated and non‐treated). Hybrids (two per level) included: conventional (non‐Bt); Bt with Cry1F and Cry1Ab (BtE), protection only against European corn borer (ECB); and Bt with Cry1F and Vip3A (BtEW), protection against both ECB and western bean cutworm (WBC). Insect injury and ear rot index were 80%–90% and 75%–90% lower, respectively, in BtEW hybrids than non‐Bt hybrids. Strong correlation between insect injury and ear rot severity was observed when insect pressure was high. Mycotoxin levels, particularly deoxynivalenol (DON), was also lowest in BtEW hybrids. Weak correlations were observed between ear injury and mycotoxin concentration. Under low disease pressure, a 50%–70% reduction was observed in fungicide treated plots for both ear rot incidence and DON concentration. However, fungicide application did not reduce ear rot infections driven by high insect injury. Treatments had negligible impact on forage quality. Overall, results indicated that incorporating insect protection in hybrid selection decisions reduced insect feeding, disease occurrence, and mycotoxins, especially under high insect pressure.
Hawkmoth and bee pollinators impact pollen dispersal at the landscape but not local scales in two species of Oenothera
Authors: Lewis Emily M. , Fant Jeremie B. , Moore Michael J. , Skogen Krissa A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPremiseAnimal pollinators play an important role in pollen dispersal. Here, we assessed differences in pollen and seed dispersal and the role of pollinator functional groups with different foraging behaviors in generating patterns of genetic diversity over similar geographic ranges for two closely related taxa. We focused on two members of Oenothera section Calylophus (Onagraceae) that co‐occur on gypsum outcrops throughout the northern Chihuahuan Desert but differ in floral phenotype and primary pollinator: Oenothera gayleana (bee) and O. hartwegii subsp. filifolia (hawkmoth).MethodsWe measured breeding system and floral traits and studied gene flow and population differentiation at the local (<13 km; four populations) and landscape (60–440 km; five populations) scales using 10–11 nuclear (pollen dispersal) and three plastid (seed dispersal) microsatellite markers.ResultsBoth taxa were self‐incompatible and floral traits were consistent with expectations for different pollinators. Seed and pollen dispersal patterns were distinctly different for both species. We found no evidence of genetic structure at the local scale but did at the landscape scale; O. gayleana showed greater differentiation and significant isolation by distance than in O. hartwegii subsp. filifolia. The plastid data were consistent with gravity dispersal of seeds and suggest that pollen dispersal is the principal driver of genetic structure in both species.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that pollinator functional groups can impact genetic differentiation in different and predictable ways. Hawkmoths, with larger foraging distances, can maintain gene flow across greater spatial scales than bees.