bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinical presentation and detection of tuberculosis during pregnancy and in the postpartum period in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Simpson Grace , Philip Moira , Vogel Joshua P. , Scoullar Michelle J. L. , Graham Stephen M. , Wilson Alyce N. 
Published: August 2023

For women infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of developing or worsening TB disease. TB in pregnancy increases the risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, however the detection of TB in pregnancy is challenging. We aimed to identify and summarise the findings of studies regarding the clinical presentation and diagnosis of TB during pregnancy and the postpartum period (within 6 months of birth) in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). A systematic review was conducted searching Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Global Index Medicus databases. We included any primary research study of women diagnosed with TB during pregnancy or the postpartum period in LMICs that described the clinical presentation or method of diagnosis. Meta-analysis was used to determine pooled prevalence of TB clinical features and health outcomes, as well as detection method yield. Eighty-seven studies of 2,965 women from 27 countries were included. 70.4% of women were from South Africa or India and 44.7% were known to be HIV positive. For 1,833 women where TB type was reported, pulmonary TB was most common (79.6%). Most studies did not report the prevalence of presenting clinical features. Where reported, the most common were sputum production (73%) and cough (68%). Having a recent TB contact was found in 45% of women. Only six studies screened for TB using diagnostic testing for asymptomatic antenatal women and included mainly HIV-positive women ‒ 58% of women with bacteriologically confirmed TB did not report symptoms and only two were in HIV-negative women. Chest X-ray had the highest screening yield; 60% abnormal results of 3036 women tested. Screening pregnant women for TB-related symptoms and risk factors is important but detection yields are limited. Chest radiography and bacteriological detection methods can improve this, but procedures for optimal utilisation remain uncertain in this at-risk population.
Trial registration: Prospero registration number: CRD42020202493.
Workforce diversity in specialist physicians: Implications of findings for religious affiliation in Anaesthesia & Intensive Care
Authors: Alim-Marvasti Ali , Jawad Mohammed , Ogbonnaya Chibueze , Naghieh Ali 
Published: August 2023

Background
Minority ethnic identification between physician and patient can reduce communication and access barriers, improve physician-patient relationship, trust, and health outcomes. Religion influences health beliefs, behaviours, treatment decisions, and outcomes. Ethically contentious dilemmas in treatment decisions are often entangled with religious beliefs. They feature more in medical specialties such as Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, with issues including informed consent for surgery, organ donation, transplant, transfusion, and end-of-life decisions.

Methods
We investigate diversity in religious affiliation in the UK medical workforce, using data from the General Medical Council (GMC) specialist register and Health Education England (HEE) trainee applications to medical specialties. We performed conservative Bonferroni corrections for multiple comparisons using Chi-squared tests, as well as normalised mutual-information scores. Robust associations that persisted on all sensitivity analyses are reported, investigating whether ethnicity or foreign primary medical qualification could explain the underlying association.

Findings
The only significant and robust association in both GMC and HEE datasets affecting the same religious group and specialty was disproportionately fewer Anaesthesia & Intensive Care physicians with a religious affiliation of “Muslim”, both as consultants (RR 0.57[0.47,0.7]) and trainee applicants (RR 0.27[0.19,0.38]. Associations were not explained by ethnicity or foreign training. We discuss the myriad of implications of the findings for multi-cultural societies.

Conclusions
Lack of physician workforce diversity has far-reaching consequences, especially for specialties such as Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, where ethically contentious decisions could have a big impact. Religious beliefs and practices, or lack thereof, may have unmeasured influences on clinical decisions and on whether patients identify with physicians, which in turn can affect health outcomes. Examining an influencing variable such as religion in healthcare decisions should be prioritised, especially considering findings from the clinician-patient concordance literature. It is important to further explore potential historical and socio-cultural barriers to entry of training medics into under-represented specialties, such as Anaesthesia and Intensive Care.
Closed–Loop ventilation using sidestream versus mainstream capnography for automated adjustments of minute ventilation—A randomized clinical trial in cardiac surgery patients
Authors: Nijbroek Sunny G. L. H. , Roozeman Jan-Paul , Ettayeby Sarah , Rosenberg Neeltje M. , van Meenen David M. P. , Cherpanath Thomas G. V. , Lagrand Wim K. , Tepaske Robert , Klautz Robert J. M. , Serpa Neto Ary , Schultz Marcus J. 
Published: August 2023

Background
INTELLiVENT–Adaptive Support Ventilation (ASV) is a closed–loop ventilation mode that uses capnography to adjust tidal volume (VT) and respiratory rate according to a user–set end–tidal CO2 (etCO2) target range. We compared sidestream versus mainstream capnography with this ventilation mode with respect to the quality of breathing in patients after cardiac surgery.

Methods
Single–center, single–blinded, non–inferiority, randomized clinical trial in adult patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery that were expected to receive at least two hours of postoperative ventilation in the ICU. Patients were randomized 1:1 to closed–loop ventilation with sidestream or mainstream capnography. Each breath was classified into a zone based on the measured VT, maximum airway pressure, etCO2 and pulse oximetry. The primary outcome was the proportion of breaths spent in a predefined ‘optimal’ zone of ventilation during the first three hours of postoperative ventilation, with a non–inferiority margin for the difference in the proportions set at –20%. Secondary endpoints included the proportion of breaths in predefined ‘acceptable’ and ‘critical’ zones of ventilation, and the proportion of breaths with hypoxemia.

Results
Of 80 randomized subjects, 78 were included in the intention–to–treat analysis. We could not confirm the non–inferiority of closed–loop ventilation using sidestream with respect to the proportion of breaths in the ‘optimal’ zone (mean ratio 0.87 [0.77 to ∞]; P = 0.116 for non–inferiority). The proportion of breaths with hypoxemia was higher in the sidestream capnography group versus the mainstream capnography group.

Conclusions
We could not confirm that INTELLiVENT–ASV using sidestream capnography is non–inferior to INTELLiVENT–ASV using mainstream capnography with respect to the quality of breathing in subjects receiving postoperative ventilation after cardiac surgery.

Trial registration
NCT04599491 (clinicaltrials.gov).
Educação algébrica: uso de padrões figurativo-numéricos como recurso didático-pedagógico para os anos finais do ensino fundamental
Authors: Cabral dos Reis Júlio Paulo , Campos da Silva Révero , Mendes Tomaz dos Santos Guilherme 
Published: August 2023

O processo de ensino-aprendizagem de matemática nos anos finais do ensino fundamental é marcado por um histórico de dificuldades. No que tange à educação algébrica, questões relacionadas à interpretação e entendimento da linguagem algébrica são desafios vivenciados durante o processo de escolarização dos estudantes. Neste sentido, este artigo teve por objetivo analisar contribuições da utilização de padrões figurativo-numéricos no segundo ciclo do ensino fundamental. Para tanto, pautados na abordagem qualitativa e na pesquisa bibliográfica, buscamos por estas contribuições, evidenciar diferentes possibilidades de intervenção pedagógica em situações didáticas adversas. Como conclusões, defendemos que a utilização do padrão figurativo-numérico nesta etapa educativa possui potencialidades importantes para a educação algébrica, visando melhor compreensão do corpo discente no que se refere a linguagem algébrica e a representação algébrica de padrões matemáticos ao longo do seu processo de escolarização. Por meio de atividades utilizando tais padrões, revelamos que pode ser possível o resgate de dificuldades matemáticas provenientes de etapas pregressas, uma vez que é possível interligar uma multiplicidade de conteúdos e conceitos, bem como áreas de conhecimento. Desta forma, entendemos que tais ações podem, por sua vez, qualificar a díade ensino-aprendizagem de álgebra na educação básica e, em especial, nos anos finais do ensino fundamental.
Application of adaptive improved DE algorithm based on multi-angle search rotation crossover strategy in multi-circuit testing optimization
Authors: Wu Wenchang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study based on the standard differential evolution (DE) algorithm was carried out to address the issues of control parameter imprinting, mutation process, and crossover process in the standard DE algorithm as well as the issue of multidimensional circuit testing optimization. A rotation control vector was introduced to expand the search range in the poor strategy to the circumference range of the individual and the parent target individual, and a rotation crossover operator and a binomial poor operator were combined. Finally, an improved adaptive DE algorithm based on a multi-angle search rotation crossover strategy was obtained. The research will improve the DE algorithm to optimize the testing of multidimensional circuits. It can be noted that the improved average precision value is 0.9919 when comparing the precision recall curves of the DE algorithm before and after the change, demonstrating a significant improvement in accuracy and stability. The fitness difference of the 30-dimensional problem is discovered to be between 0.25 × 103 and 0.5 × 103 by comparing the box graphs of the 30-dimensional problem with that of the 50-dimensional problem. On the 50-dimensional problem, when calculating the F4–F10 function, the fitness difference of the improved DE algorithm is 0.2 × 104–0.4 × 104. In summary, the improved DE algorithm proposed in this study compensates for the shortcomings of traditional algorithms in complex problem calculations and has also achieved significant optimization results in multidimensional circuit testing.
A review of interpersonal metafunction studies in systemic functional linguistics (2012–2022)
Authors: Cheng Shi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Substantial research has drawn upon the notion of interpersonal metafunction proposed by Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) to approach the interpersonal meanings construed in different contexts. However, there is a lack of review on the recent research of this domain. The objective of this paper is to survey the patterns and trends of literature on interpersonal metafunction in SFL tradition and guide future research. This paper reviews 160 studies published from 2012 to 2022. Four themes emerge from the review: theoretical explorations, multilingual studies, discourse analysis, and language education. These contributions shed light on the applicability and flexibility of SFL as a theoretical tool across a wide range of genres and languages. The four streams of research are guided by the fundamental concepts of SFL and interrelated by the concept of context and the tenet of language as social semiotic. Future directions lie in theoretical model refinement, methodological developments, typological descriptions of interpersonal grammar, and the extension of application areas.
Queuosine‐tRNA promotes sex‐dependent learning and memory formation by maintaining codon‐biased translation elongation speed
Authors: Cirzi Cansu , Dyckow Julia , Legrand Carine , Schott Johanna , Guo Wei , Perez Hernandez Daniel , Hisaoka Miharu , Parlato Rosanna , Pitzer Claudia , van der Hoeven Franciscus , Dittmar Gunnar , Helm Mark , Stoecklin Georg , Schirmer Lucas , Lyko Frank , Tuorto Francesca 
Published: August 2023

AbstractQueuosine (Q) is a modified nucleoside at the wobble position of specific tRNAs. In mammals, queuosinylation is facilitated by queuine uptake from the gut microbiota and is introduced into tRNA by the QTRT1‐QTRT2 enzyme complex. By establishing a Qtrt1 knockout mouse model, we discovered that the loss of Q‐tRNA leads to learning and memory deficits. Ribo‐Seq analysis in the hippocampus of Qtrt1‐deficient mice revealed not only stalling of ribosomes on Q‐decoded codons, but also a global imbalance in translation elongation speed between codons that engage in weak and strong interactions with their cognate anticodons. While Q‐dependent molecular and behavioral phenotypes were identified in both sexes, female mice were affected more severely than males. Proteomics analysis confirmed deregulation of synaptogenesis and neuronal morphology. Together, our findings provide a link between tRNA modification and brain functions and reveal an unexpected role of protein synthesis in sex‐dependent cognitive performance.
Keterwakilan Perempuan di Parlemen Mendorong Kebijakan Perlindungan Perempuan Terhadap Kekerasan
Authors: Anis Farida  , Afif Hidayatul Mahmudah  , Priyo Handoko  
Published: August 2023

Keterwakilan perempuan di parlemen diharapkan dapat melahirkan kebijakan yang berpihak pada perempuan. Harapan besar tersebut juga diamanatkan pada anggota legislatif perempuan di DPRD Jawa Timur. Artikel ini mengangkat isu hukum, tentang keterwakilan perempuan anggota Legislatif dalam proses legislasi yang melahirkan kebijakan perlindungan perempuan dari tindak kekerasan. Untuk menjawab isu hukum tersebut digunakan metode penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan socio legal studies. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keterwakilan perempuan di DPRD Jawa Timur menghasilkan kebijakan yang berpihak pada perempuan, yaitu melalui produk hukum yang memberikan perlindungan terhadap perempuan dari tindak kekerasan yang semakin meningkat di masa pandemi covid-19. Proses legislasi yang dilakukan oleh anggota legislatif perempuan dalam melahirkan kebijakan perlindungan perempuan tidak lepas dari hambatan budaya patriarki yang masih kuat di masyarakat; keterbatasan anggaran; serta minimnya keterwakilan perempuan di parlemen. Peran keterwakilan perempuan sangat dibutuhkan dalam meningkatkan IDG di Jawa Timur dalam mewujudkan demokrasi yang berkeadilan gender.
Kepemimpinan Perempuan Yogyakarta Menurut Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 88/PUU-XIV/2016 dan Kepemimpinan Dalam Islam
Authors: Nisvi Dwi Sakiya , Junianto  , Firyal Afifah Huda  , Moh. Khoirul Umam  
Published: August 2023

Persyaratan untuk menjabat sebagai Gubernur DIY diatur dalam pasal 18 ayat (1) huruf m Undang-Undang No. 13 Tahun 2012 tentang Keistimewaan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Rumusan dalam pasal tersebut dinilai diskriminatif karena secara tersurat ada frasa “istri” yang menimbulkan tafsir bahwa jabatan Gubernur maupun Wakil Gubernur selalu seorang laki-laki. Artikel ini mengajukan isu hukum tentang putusan MK No 88/PUU-XIV/2016 tentang kepemimpinan politik perempuan di DIY dalam perspektif hukum positif dan perspektif sejarah Islam. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus dan pendekatan sejarah. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Pasal 18 ayat (1) huruf m UU No. 13 Tahun 2012 menimbulkan pro dan kontra sehingga dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 88/PUU-XIV/2016 memberikan koreksi tentang frasa istri, sehingga dengan dihilangkannya frasa istri, maka laki-laki atau perempuan dapat menjabat sebagai Gubernur DIY. Sedangkan menurut kepemimpinan dalam Islam pembatasan pemimpin tidak sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman dan jika ditinjau dari berbagai syarat-syarat imam tidak ada larangan seorang perempuan menjadi pemimpin.
Seismogenic Structure of the Hidden Haicheng Fault System in China Revealed by Seismic Observations from 2008 to 2018
Authors: Zhang Pengda , Dai Zhiyang , Yang Shichao , Zha Xianjie 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The hidden Haicheng fault system is an earthquake-prone zone on the Liaodong Peninsula, China. Its seismogenic structure is still unclear and needs further study. In this study, we used the differential evolution algorithm to invert the waveform data of the 2008 ML 4.8 Haicheng earthquake and the 2012 ML 4.8 Gaizhou earthquake and obtained an updated 1D crustal velocity model. The model reveals a low-velocity zone with a depth of 18–24 km below the Haicheng fault zone. Based on the velocity model, we used the arrival-time data to accurately locate the earthquakes that occurred in the Haicheng area from 2008 to 2018. The relocated earthquakes show that the Az 300°-trending Haicheng fault consists of two segments spaced about 2 km apart, namely the western and the eastern segments. They are about 12 and 22 km long and inclined to the northeast with dips of 70° and 80°, respectively. These seismogenic structures of the Haicheng fault zone are important for assessing the future seismic risk in the region.
The Relationship Between Family Support And Quality of Life of Cervical Cancer Patients in Rumah Singgah Sasana Marsudi Husada Indonesia
Authors: Yumni Fathiya Luthfil 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Patients with cervical cancer are in need of support from people around them, especially families, sometimes they need hospital treatment also required encouragement and motivation of family members to reduce psychological burden and quality of life of patients with cancer increases. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between family support and quality of life of cervical cancer patient at Rumah Singgah Sasana Marsudi Husada Yayasan Kanker Indonesia (YKI), East Java, Indonesia.
Methods: The research design used correlation analysis with cross sectional study design. Thirty patients with cervical cancer were involved through purposive sampling technique. The independent variable was family support and dependent variable was quality of life. The instrument used in this research was the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. The data were analyzed by Spearman Rank (Rho) test with α < 0.05.
Results: Statistical result showed that family support significantly relate to quality of life of cervical cancer patient with a value of p = 0,000 and correlation coefficient (r) = 0,994 which means it has a strong relationship.
Conclusion: There is a positive and strong relationship between family support and the quality of life of cervical cancer patients. The higher the family support, the better the quality of life felt by cervical cancer patient. All staffs of the institution or foundation is expected to encourage families to support and care for sick family members (cervical cancer patient). Thus, health workers must also enhance their knowledge and skills to detect any changes in the life situation (especially family support) experienced by cancer patients, because this will affect their quality of life.
Analysis of Health-Seeking Behavior Factors in Coronary Heart Disease Patients
Authors: Bakar Abu , Risma Listya Widiyanti , Harmayetty Harmayetty 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Indonesian Research of Basic Health 2019 show that 1.5% of Indonesia's population suffers from coronary heart disease (CHD). Coronary heart disease has an impact on all aspects of the patient's life. Good health-seeking behavior is expected to prevent the severity from getting worse, and the risk of complications, up to death. This study aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, perceptions about health-illness and the ease of access to health service providers with health-seeking behavior in CHD patients.
Methods: This study used a correlational descriptive design with a cross sectional approach. The population is CHD patients who are registered in the 3 work areas of the Gresik District Health Center. A large sample of 80 patients, using a purposive sampling technique. This study used questionnaires of health-seeking behavior in CHD patients, knowledge, attitude, perception about health-illness, and a questionnaire to measure the the ease of access to health service providers. Data analysis used the Spearman Rho test.
Results: Major partial CHD affects patients aged 46-55 years and of good sex. There is a relationship between knowledge and health-seeking behavior in CHD patients (p = 0.001 and r = 0.367), there is a relationship between attitudes and health-seeking behavior in CHD patients (p = 0.000 and r = 0.737) and there is a relationship between perceptions of illness and health-seeking behavior in CHD patients (p = 0.001 and r = 0.361).
Conclusion: The higher the knowledge and perceptions about illness and health, the more supportive the patient's attitude will be, and the better the health-seeking behavior in CHD patients. It is hoped that education and assistance can be given to CHD patients so they are more aware of the importance of appropriate treatment behavior.
Politik Birokrasi dalam Keamanan Pelabuhan di Indonesia: Sebuah Sebab Ketidakamanan
Authors: Samy Muhammad 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The economy of maritime states such as Indonesia rely on the sea, not only to extract natural resources but also as an essential medium for domestic and international trade. Focusing on the aspect of trade, it is important for maritime states such as Indonesia to have sea ports that function optimally. One of the determinants of the functionality of sea ports is port security. Despite being a maritime state, the security of sea ports in Indonesia is questionable. The presence of the so called “port mafia” and numerous accounts of crime in Indonesian sea ports as well as maritime traffic accidents indicate that Indonesia is not doing well enough to safeguard the security of her ports. This article scrutinizes the security of major international ports in Indonesia. Analysis is conducted using the bureaucratic politics theory framework. Based on the assumptions of the bureaucratic politics theory, this paper finds that the multiple actors involved in securing Indonesia’s major international ports have failed to function in a coordinated matter due to poor implementation of port security policy. The poor implementation of port security itself is caused by the competing interests of said actors.
Keywords: Bureaucratic competition, bureaucratic politics, Indonesia, Port security, Sea ports