bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of mechanical behaviors and intergranular fracture of polycrystalline Nb3Sn and superconducting filaments
Authors: Ding He , De Marzi Gianluca , Gao Yuanwen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Given the importance of large-scale engineering applications of the superconducting compound Nb3Sn, both its use and performance under certain operating conditions have attracted the interest of applied superconductivity researchers and material scientists for several years now. Huge efforts are directed toward understanding the response to applied loads and predicting fracture damage within their internal microstructure; this is fundamental in the design of superconducting coils and magnets which must meet stringent requirements in terms of maximum thermal and electromagnetic loads. In this paper, the fracture behaviors in polycrystalline Nb3Sn and Nb3Sn filaments with composite structures are investigated using the micromechanical finite element (FE) models with Voronoi tessellation. First, the 2D and 3D Voronoi FE models of the polycrystalline Nb3Sn tensile tests are developed and validated to provide insight into the cracking behavior in the intergranular brittle fracture of polycrystalline Nb3Sn. A cohesive zone model is used to simulate crack propagation at the grain level model including grain boundary zones. It is found that the pre-existing cracks of polycrystals and martensitic phase transformation of grains significantly impact the fracture properties in polycrystalline Nb3Sn. Second, detailed FE models of powder-in-tube (PIT) and bronze route filaments with Voronoi structures for fracture analysis are then developed on the basis of experimental observations of sectional morphologies. The mechanism of crack initiation and propagation under tensile load have been investigated by analyzing the mechanical properties of each component and the characteristics of multi-scale composite structures of filaments. Furthermore, the damage situation is investigated in PIT filaments undergoing transverse compressive load. The proposed simulation method in this paper can be extended to the fracture and damage analysis of Nb3Sn superconducting wires with different layouts and fabrication processes.
A novel analytical method for determination of diode parameters from the dark forward I–V characteristics of a silicon solar cell
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Singh S N , Jyoti  , Tomer Shweta , Vandana  , Srivastava Sanjay Kumar , Dutta Mrinal , Pathi Prathap 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A new analytical method for determining all diode parameters using dark I–V characteristics of a silicon solar cell is presented. This method has an advantage because the low- and high-voltage regions of the dark forward I–V characteristics of silicon solar cells can be described accurately by single-diode model, and only for the middle voltage region that the double-diode model may need to be applied. In view of this, a new methodology for the determination of series resistance Rs has been presented in this work, which uses only I, V values of four nearby points in high-voltage region of the dark forward I–V characteristics and does not require knowledge of any other diode parameters. Applying the single- and double-diode models, the methodologies for determination of reverse saturation currents and ideality factors (I0, n for single diode model) and (I01, n1 and I02, n2 for the double diode model) have been described. The present method of measurement of the diode parameters was applied to three silicon solar cells. Theoretical I–V curves generated using so determined values of diode parameters (Rs, Rsh, I01, n1 and I02, n2) matched excellently well with the experimental I–V characteristics of the cells obtained under dark conditions and under simulated AM1.5 G solar radiation up to 50 mW cm−2 intensity. We found that for higher intensities of illumination, while all other parameters remain constant, the value of I01, which is a representative parameter of bulk recombination, is slightly decreased with the increase in intensity.
High-performance polarization-controlled perfect optical vortex generation via all-dielectric metasurfaces in the visible region
Authors: Wang Xiaosai , Wu Jinlei , Ren Bin , Yao Jiabao , Tang Shuai , Lü Cheng , Jiang Yongyuan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Metasurfaces, with superiority in integration and flexibility compared to conventional bulky optical elements, open a perspective in generating perfect optical vortex (POV). However, the generation of POV beams with simultaneous high-efficiency, multi-functionality, and broadband is still challenging. Here, we design POV generators based on highly efficient all-dielectric metasurfaces and produce POV beams in simulation in the visible region with maximum generation efficiency of 74%. Such high efficiency originates from the stimulation of the resonance modes of polarization-dependent parity in the well-designed unit cell. By superposing two sets of phase profiles, polarization-controlled POV generators are obtained. Furthermore, the POV generator exhibits broadband property due to the geometric phase independent of the incident wavelengths. Our work provides an effective approach for generating controllable POV beams, promoting the construction of integrated and multi-functional optical systems.
Coupled chaotic vibration during pressure detection of micro-resonant pressure sensor
Authors: Fu Xiaorui , Hou Dezhi , Shi Xufei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In measuring gas pressure, the stiffness of the resonator changes in the micro-resonant pressure sensor. If the design parameters are not chosen correctly, significant variations in vibration, even chaotic vibrations, will occur in the process of gas pressure detection, seriously degrading the detection accuracy and the stability of the sensor. The micro-resonant pressure sensor is in an environment of deep coupling and mutual influence of multiple physical fields when measuring the external environmental pressure. In this work, a multi-field coupling nonlinear vibration model of the resonant sensor used in pressure detection is established, and the multi-field coupling bifurcation, chaos, and other complex vibration characteristics of the sensor system are explored. The influence of the initial gap, the length of the resonator, and the excitation voltage during pressure detection are analyzed, and the stable vibration range of each influencing parameter is determined. The results show that when the sensor measures the pressure, the initial gap of the sensor, the length of the resonator, and the stability of the excitation voltage all decrease, causing unstable vibration of the sensor. In order to obtain stable sensor detection performance, it is necessary to determine the stability range of sensor-related parameters correctly.
A massive gauge theory à la Utiyama
Authors: Cuzinatto R R , Pimentel B M , Pompeia P J , Sumire Esquia J C 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Utiyama’s method is a deductive approach of building gauge theories for semi-simple groups of local transformations, including the Abelian U(1) case, the non-Abelian SU(N) group, and the gravitational interaction. Gauge theories à la Utiyama typically predict a massless gauge potential. This work brings a mass generation mechanism and Utiyama’s method together thus giving mass to the interaction boson without breaking the gauge symmetry. Herein we devote our attention to the Abelian case. Two gauge potentials are introduced: a vetor field A

μ
and a scalar field B. The associated gauge-invariant field strengths F

μ
ν
and G

μ
are built from Utiyama’s technique. Gauge invariance requirement upon the total Lagrangian (including matter fields and gauge fields) yields the conserved currents. Finally, we study the simplest type of Lagrangian involving the field strengths and obtain the related field equation. By imposing appropriate constraints on this particular example, Stueckelberg model is recovered.
Surfactant-mediated modulation of morphology and charge transfer dynamics in tungsten oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Kumar Tarun , Shreya  , Phogat Peeyush , Sahgal Vardaan , Jha Ranjana 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Tungsten Oxide (WO3) is a well-known transition metal oxide which exhibits non-toxicity and stability in its nanoparticle form. It is a potential candidate for a variety of applications due to its low cost and facile synthesis process. In the present work, WO3 nanoparticles were synthesized via facile acid-coprecipitation method to explore the effect of surfactants on the morphology of WO3 nanoparticles and thus, on its structural, optical and electrochemical properties. The morphology analysis revealed the formation of spherical nanoparticles in the absence of any surfactant while nanoflakes and nanosheets were observed in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), respectively. Moreover, the presence of surfactants was found to influence the crystallinity state of the samples. The different morphologies exhibited optical band gap of 2.2–2.7 eV as analyzed by UV–vis spectroscopy along with other optical properties like absorbance range and refractive index. The electrochemical properties of the samples were studied by employing potentio electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. CV analysis revealed the diffusion-controlled behavior of the samples which may be suitable for photovoltaic applications. Furthermore, impedance study showed the presence of Warburg impedance which indicates that there is an infinite layer of excitons on the surface of thin film, further suggesting WO3 as a prominent material for solar cell applications. The incorporation of surfactants resulted in the reduction of charge transfer resistance indicating more efficient charge transfer process.
Optical solitons for the Biswas-Milovic equation with anti-cubic law nonlinearity in the presence of spatio-temporal dispersion
Authors: Ozdemir Neslihan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
For the first time, the optical soliton solutions of the (1 + 1)-dimensional Biswas-Milovic equation with anti-cubic law nonlinearity in the presence of spatio-temporal dispersion are intended to be analyzed in detail. To attain this purpose, the new Kudryashov and the Kudryashov auxiliary equation technique are successfully implemented. Moreover, the impacts of model parameters on the soliton dynamics are scrutinized. The complex wave transformation is utilized to get the nonlinear ordinary differential equation form and to generate soliton solutions, the presented methods are performed. Finally, various graphical illustrations were derived and detailed comments were added on the solution results. The new Kudryashov approach and the Kudryashov auxiliary equation technique have been successfully performed and soliton solutions obtained. W-shape soliton was acquired with the new Kudryashov approach and the bright soliton was acquired with the Kudryashov auxiliary equation technique. Furthermore, diverse graphic descriptions that the resulting soliton solutions are obtained, and 2D graphs are presented and commented on. Since the Biswas-Milovic equation, which is the subject of much research, has an important role in nonlinear optics, different forms of the Biswas-Milovic equation are developed in the literature. The model in the presence of spatio-temporal dispersion was presented and scrutinized for the first time.
Born-Infeld boson stars
Authors: Jaramillo Víctor , Martínez-Carbajal Daniel , Degollado Juan Carlos , Núñez Darío 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We study the Einstein-Klein-Gordon system coupled to the Born-Infeld electrodynamics. We
explore the solution space of a static spherically symmetric, complex scalar field minimally
coupled to both gravitational and electromagnetic fields. The resulting asymptotically flat
solutions resemble the known charged boson stars in Maxwell electrodynamics. The behaviour of
such configurations as a function of the Born-Infeld parameter b and the scalar field charge
parameter q has been analyzed. Given b, a critical value for q exists beyond which no
static solutions exist, we find that the value of this critical charge increases with respect to
the Maxwell case (b → ∞) as b decreases. We also found that Born-Infeld boson stars have
lower mass for any finite value of the Born-Infeld parameter and that their compactness is lower
than Maxwell's counterparts.
Scalar field dark matter and dark energy: a hybrid model for the dark sector
Authors: van de Bruck Carsten , Poulot Gaspard , Teixeira Elsa M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Diverse cosmological and astrophysical observations strongly hint at the presence of dark matter and dark energy in the Universe. One of the main goals of Cosmology is to explain the nature of these two components. It may well be that both dark matter and dark energy have a common origin. In this paper, we develop a model in which the dark sector arises due to an interplay between two interacting scalar fields. Employing a hybrid inflation potential, we show that the model can be described as a system of a pressureless fluid coupled to a light scalar field. We discuss this setup's cosmological consequences and the observational signatures in the cosmic microwave background radiation and the large-scale structures.
Security of entanglement-based QKD with realistic parametric down-conversion sources
Authors: Kravtsov K S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The paper analyzes security aspects of practical entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD), namely, BBM92 or entanglement-based BB84 protocol. Similar to prepare-and-measure QKD protocols, practical implementations of the entanglement-based QKD have to rely upon non-ideal photon sources. A typical solution for entanglement generation is the spontaneous parametric down-conversion. However, this process creates not only single photon pairs, but also quantum states with more than two photons, which potentially may lead to security deterioration. We show that this effect does not impair the security of entanglement-based QKD systems. We also review the available security proofs and show that properties of the entanglement source have nothing to do with security degradation.
Enhanced selectivity of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation by multielectrode configuration
Authors: Bryson Noah , Lombardi Lorenzo , Hawthorn Rachel , Fei Jie , Keesey Rodolfo , Peiffer J D , Seáñez Ismael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) has been gaining momentum as a non-invasive rehabilitation approach to restore movement to paralyzed muscles after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, its low selectivity limits the types of movements that can be enabled and, thus, its potential applications in rehabilitation. Approach. In this cross-over study design, we investigated whether muscle recruitment selectivity of individual muscles could be enhanced by multielectrode configurations of tSCS in 16 neurologically intact individuals. We hypothesized that due to the segmental innervation of lower limb muscles, we could identify muscle-specific optimal stimulation locations that would enable improved recruitment selectivity over conventional tSCS. We elicited leg muscle responses by delivering biphasic pulses of electrical stimulation to the lumbosacral enlargement using conventional and multielectrode tSCS. Results. Analysis of recruitment curve responses confirmed that multielectrode configurations could improve the rostrocaudal and lateral selectivity of tSCS. To investigate whether motor responses elicited by spatially selective tSCS were mediated by posterior root-muscle reflexes, each stimulation event was a paired pulse with a conditioning-test interval of 33.3 ms. Muscle responses to the second stimulation pulse were significantly suppressed, a characteristic of post-activation depression suggesting that spatially selective tSCS recruits proprioceptive fibers that reflexively activate muscle-specific motor neurons in the spinal cord. Moreover, the combination of leg muscle recruitment probability and segmental innervation maps revealed a stereotypical spinal activation map in congruence with each electrode’s position. Significance. Improvements in muscle recruitment selectivity could be essential for the effective translation into stimulation protocols that selectively enhance single-joint movements in neurorehabilitation.
Modern scientific achievements in the production of agricultural organic products
Authors: Chupina I P , Ruchkin A V , Zhuravleva L A , Zarubina E V , Simachkova N N 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Organic farming is not a 21st century fashion trend. As early as the beginning of the 20th century, some scientists began to treat soil fertility with understanding. Already in the seventies of the 20th century, the negative effects of chemicals were identified when they were added to the soil. It was at this time that the European Union introduced a ban on these fertilizers and in the 1980s, organic agricultural production gradually began to develop. Regulatory conditions for the production, processing and labeling of products began to be developed. Gradually, the same conditions are being developed for the forage base. By 2016, more than 180 countries have already begun to produce organic products, of which 93 countries have their own legislation and standards that regulate the production of organic products. The essence of organic products is that a person should receive a complete diet based on the principles of health. And for this, the products must be environmentally friendly and not have various chemical additives and dyes. Such products are mainly typical for farms. Large-scale production contributes to the production of environmentally friendly products to a lesser extent. In recent years, the market for organic products has been growing. The leaders in production are the USA and EU countries. Organic production is products of plant and animal origin. Basically, for organic production in large volumes, land is allocated for grain, oilseeds and legumes. Next come fresh fruits and vegetables. Such products also include wild plants, which include nuts, medicinal plants, mushrooms and wild berries. Cotton is also among the organic products. The largest cotton producers are Turkey, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Each individual country has developed a line of organic products that it can produce according to climatic conditions and its capabilities. For example, for Russia there are all opportunities for the production of wild plants, which require minimal investment, and the climatic conditions allow the country to become one of the leading producers of this product in the future.
Organic food as estimated by young consumers
Authors: Zhuravleva L A , Zarubina E V , Ruchkin A V , Chupina I P , Simachkova N N 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The article analyzes the data obtained during a sociological study conducted in September-November 2022 on the analysis of the food market of agricultural organic products (on the example of the Sverdlovsk region).” The hypothesis of the connection of consumer preferences with the current ecological position and understanding of the importance of socially responsible behavior was confirmed. The key needs of young consumers that determine the choice of organic food products and their connection with the attitude to maintaining and strengthening health for a bright and interesting life are identified. The authors recorded the reasons for the respondents’ refusal to purchase organic products and the sensitivity of consumers to the increased cost of organic food products. The conclusion is made about the different patterns of consumer behavior of respondents in the segments of the organic food market and their connection with the dominant values and established eating habits. Three styles of consumer behavior are described: ecological, stereotypical, unstable. The ecological style is characterized by attitudes towards the use of healthy and environmentally friendly foods as factors in maintaining an active lifestyle and health. The stereotypical style of eating is characterized by: a strong influence of the environment on the choice of food and diet, low reflection on their own food practices, lack of sufficient knowledge and opportunities for the formation of a culture of nutrition and environmental awareness. Unstable eating style is associated with contradictory attitudes and ambivalent food practices.
Genetic features of representatives of Malus Mill. for the formation of identified collections and breeding use
Authors: Ulyanovskaya E V , Chernutskaya E A , Balapanov I M , Stepanov I V , Potapova L S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
For the active mobilization of bioresources of the leading agricultural fruit plants, especially apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.), and the inclusion of the best samples of the gene pool in the breeding, it is necessary to know their genetic characteristics according to the priority desired traits. The purpose of the study is to study the allelic polymorphism of the Md-PG1 in representatives of Malus Mill. to identify sources of long-term keeping of fruits and to form an identified collection of apple trees for breeding use. The studies were carried out in the Center for Collective Use «Research and Breeding Collection of Genetic Resources of Horticultural Crops»; generally accepted programs and methods of variety study and breeding of apple trees. Based on the data of molecular genetic analysis, carriers of the allelic combination AA for the Md-PG1 gene were identified - apple varieties: Smeralda, Egemen, Georgiya, hybrids 17/1-6-42 (Champion × Modi) and 17/2-5-15 (Renuartsiv × Carmen). The selected varieties and hybrid forms are promising in the process of creating domestic genetic resources with improved quality indicators, including a genetically determined increase in the shelf life of fruits.
The prospects of using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the biological control of grape diseases
Authors: Aleinikova Natalia , Galkina Yevgenia , Andreyev Vladimir , Bolotianskaia Elena , Shaporenko Vladimir 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Currently, the prospects of effective control management in the development of gray (Botrytis cinerea Pers.) and black rot (Macrophoma flaccida (Viala et Rav.) Cav.), as well as the guaranteed preservation of grape yield, can be achieved with the development of ecological approach - the use of microbiological preparations or substances of biological origin. The antagonistic activity of biological fungicide Serenade ASO, SC (titer not less than 1x109 CFU/ml of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, strain QST 713) was studied in the field research vineyards of the South-Western (SWC) and South Coastal (SCC) viticulture zones of Crimea in 2018-2019. Against the background of weak development of gray rot on bunches of ‘Cabernet-Sauvignon’ grapes (SCC), the maximum biological efficiency was obtained in the variant with five-fold spraying of Serenade ASO, SC, application rate of 5 l/ha and seven days interval. Two-fold protective use of biological preparation Serenade ASO, SC and application rate of 5 l/ha on the plot of ‘Muscat Blanc’ variety (SCC) in 2020 made it possible to control the development of black rot at the level of 76.7-79%. The obtained results indicate good prospects of biological preparation Serenade ASO, SC (titer not less than 1x109 CFU/ml of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, strain QST 713) to control gray and black rot of grapes during ripening, when the use of chemical fungicides is not appropriate due to their lagged effect.