bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Anomalous Active Regions on the Large-scale Magnetic Field of the Sun
Authors: Pal Shaonwita , Bhowmik Prantika , Mahajan Sushant S. , Nandy Dibyendu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
One of the major sources of perturbation in the solar cycle amplitude is believed to be the emergence of anomalous active regions that do not obey Hale’s polarity law and Joy’s law of tilt angles. Anomalous regions containing high magnetic flux that disproportionately impact the polar field are sometimes referred to as “rogue regions.” In this study, utilizing a surface flux transport model, we analyze the large-scale dipole moment buildup due to the emergence of anomalous active regions on the solar surface. Although these active regions comprise a small fraction of the total sunspot number, they can substantially influence the magnetic dipole moment buildup and subsequent solar cycle amplitude. Our numerical simulations demonstrate that the impact of “anti-Joy” regions on the solar cycle is similar to those of “anti-Hale” regions. We also find that the emergence time, emergence latitude, relative number, and flux distribution of anomalous regions influence the large-scale magnetic field dynamics in diverse ways. We establish that the results of our numerical study are consistent with the algebraic (analytic) approach to explaining the Sun’s dipole moment evolution. Our results are relevant for understanding how anomalous active regions modulate the Sun’s large-scale dipole moment buildup and its reversal timing within the framework of the Babcock–Leighton dynamo mechanism—now believed to be the primary source of solar cycle variations.
Multiwavelength Temporal Variability of the Blazar PKS 1510–089
Authors: Yuan Q. , Kushwaha Pankaj , Gupta Alok C. , Tripathi Ashutosh , Wiita Paul J. , Zhang M. , Liu X. , Lähteenmäki Anne , Tornikoski Merja , Tammi Joni , Ramakrishnan Venkatessh , Cui L. , Wang X. , Gu M. F. , Bambi Cosimo , Volvach A. E. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We perform correlation and periodicity search analyses on long-term multiband light curves of the flat-spectrum radio quasar PKS 1510−089 observed by the space-based Fermi-Large Area Telescope in γ-rays, the SMARTS and Steward Observatory telescopes in optical and near-infrared (NIR), and the 13.7 m radio telescope in Metsähovi Radio Observatory between 2008 and 2018. The z-transform discrete correlation function method is applied to study the correlation and possible time lags among these multiband light curves. Among all pairs of wavelengths, the γ-ray versus optical/NIR and optical versus NIR correlations show zero time lags; however, both the γ-ray and optical/NIR emissions precede the radio radiation. The generalized Lomb–Scargle periodogram, weighted wavelet z-transform, and REDFIT techniques are employed to investigate the unresolved core emission–dominated 37 GHz light curve and yield evidence for a quasi period around 1540 days, although given the length of the whole data set it cannot be claimed to be significant. We also investigate the optical/NIR color variability and find that this source shows a simple redder-when-brighter behavior over time, even in the low-flux state.
Demonstrating Photon Ring Existence with Single-baseline Polarimetry
Authors: Palumbo Daniel C. M. , Wong George N. , Chael Andrew , Johnson Michael D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Images of supermassive black hole accretion flows contain features of both curved spacetime and plasma structure. Inferring properties of the spacetime from images requires modeling the plasma properties, and vice versa. The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration has imaged near-horizon millimeter emission from both Messier 87* (M87*) and Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) with very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) and has found a preference for magnetically arrested disk (MAD) accretion in each case. MAD accretion enables spacetime measurements through future observations of the photon ring, the image feature composed of near-orbiting photons. The ordered fields and relatively weak Faraday rotation of MADs yield rotationally symmetric polarization when viewed at modest inclination. In this letter, we utilize this symmetry along with parallel transport symmetries to construct a gain-robust interferometric quantity that detects the transition between the weakly lensed accretion flow image and the strongly lensed photon ring. We predict a shift in polarimetric phases on long baselines and demonstrate that the photon rings in M87* and Sgr A* can be unambiguously detected with sensitive, long-baseline measurements. For M87*, we find that photon ring detection in snapshot observations requires ∼1 mJy sensitivity on >15 Gλ baselines at 230 GHz and above, which could be achieved with space-VLBI or higher-frequency ground-based VLBI. For Sgr A*, we find that interstellar scattering inhibits photon ring detectability at 230 GHz, but ∼10 mJy sensitivity on >12 Gλ baselines at 345 GHz is sufficient and is accessible from the ground. For both sources, these sensitivity requirements may be relaxed by repeated observations and averaging.
A Chondritic Solar Neighborhood
Authors: Trierweiler Isabella L. , Doyle Alexandra E. , Young Edward D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A persistent question in exoplanet demographics is whether exoplanetary systems form from similar compositional building blocks to our own. Polluted white dwarf stars offer a unique way to address this question, as they provide measurements of the bulk compositions of exoplanetary material. We present a statistical analysis of the rocks polluting oxygen-bearing white dwarfs and compare their compositions to rocks in the solar system. We find that the majority of the extrasolar rocks are consistent with the composition of typical chondrites. Measurement uncertainties prevent distinguishing between chondrites and bulk Earth but do permit detecting the differences between chondritic compositions and basaltic or continental crust. We find no evidence of crust among the polluted white dwarfs. We show that the chondritic nature of extrasolar rocks is also supported by the compositions of local stars. While galactic chemical evolution results in variations in the relative abundances of rock-forming elements spatially and temporally on galaxy-wide scales, the current sample of polluted white dwarfs are sufficiently young and close to Earth that they are not affected by this process. We conclude that exotic compositions are not required to explain the majority of observed rock types around polluted white dwarfs and that variations between exoplanetary compositions in the stellar neighborhood are generally not due to significant differences in the initial composition of protoplanetary disks. Nonetheless, there is evidence from stellar observations that planets formed in the first several billion years in the Galaxy have lower metal core fractions compared with Earth on average.
Photometric Survey of Neptune's Trojan Asteroids. I. The Color Distribution
Authors: Markwardt Larissa , Wen Lin 林 Hsing 省文 , Gerdes David , Adams Fred C. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In 2018, Jewitt identified the “The Trojan Color Conundrum,” namely that Neptune's Trojan asteroids (NTs) had no ultrared members, unlike the the nearby Kuiper Belt. Since then, numerous ultrared NTs have been discovered, seemingly resolving this conundrum. However, it is still unclear whether or not the Kuiper Belt has a color distribution consistent with the NT population, as would be expected if it were the source population. In this work, we present a new photometric survey of 15 out of 31 NTs. We utilized the Sloan

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r
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filters on the IMACS f/4 instrument, which is mounted on the 6.5 m Baade telescope. In this survey, we identify four NTs as being ultrared using a principal component analysis. This result brings the ratio of red to ultrared NTs to 7.75:1, more consistent with the corresponding trans-Neptunian object ratio of 4–11:1. We also identify three targets as being blue (nearly solar) in color. Such objects may be C-type surfaces, but we see more of these blue NTs than has been observed in the Kuiper Belt. Finally, we show that there are hints of a color-absolute magnitude (H) correlation, with larger H (smaller sized, lower albedo) tending to be more red, but more data are needed to confirm this result. The origin of such a correlation remains an open question that will be addressed by future observations of the surface composition of these targets and their rotational properties.
Clinical Features, Imaging, Laboratory Result, and Severity of COVID-19 Patients in Referral Hospital
Authors: Safarini Bekti , Arif Mohamad , Pertiwi Danis , Santika Puji Rahayu Wijaya  , Yuliyanti Suryani 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic became a global health problem due to the high number of cases and no specific treatment. Furthermore, the diagnosis was difficult due to limited publication data and diagnostic tests.
AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the demographics, clinical features, laboratory results, radiological results, and factors related to the severity of COVID-19 at a referral hospital.
METHODS: A descriptive analytic study of confirmed COVID-19 patients was conducted during March–October 2020. Data were collected from the medical records to determine the patient demographics, clinical symptoms, comorbidities, laboratory, chest X-ray, and first illness severity at 24 h of treatment.
RESULTS: There were 79 (59%) male and 55 (41%) female patients during the study. The clinical symptoms were fever 103 (77%), cough 100 (75%), shortness of breath 88 (66%), comorbidities of diabetes mellitus 18 (13%), hypertension 24 (18%), and heart disease 20 (15%). The patient’s laboratory profiles were lymphopenia 85 (63%) and increased C-reactive protein 82 (61%). The radiology imaging of the patients was mostly atypical of COVID-19. Factors that influence the severity of COVID-19 are age, comorbid diabetes, and hypertension
CONCLUSION: Most cases with severe symptoms are old age, a history of comorbid diabetes mellitus and heart disease, and abnormal laboratory results.
Precision Medicine–Based Machine Learning Analyses to Explore Optimal Exercise Therapies for Individuals With Knee Osteoarthritis: Random Forest-Informed Tree-Based Learning
Authors: Kim Siyeon , Kosorok Michael R. , Arbeeva Liubov , Schwartz Todd A. , Callahan Leigh F. , Golightly Yvonne M. , Nelson Amanda E. , Allen Kelli D. 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveWe applied a precision medicine–based machine learning approach to discover underlying patient characteristics associated with differential improvement in knee osteoarthritis symptoms following standard physical therapy (PT), internet-based exercise training (IBET), and a usual care/wait list control condition.MethodsParticipants (n = 303) were from the Physical Therapy vs Internet-Based Training for Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis trial. The primary outcome was the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) total score at 12-month follow-up. Random forest-informed tree-based learning was applied to identify patient characteristics that were critical to improving outcomes, and patients with those features were grouped.ResultsAge, BMI, and Brief Fear of Movement (BFOM) score, all at baseline, were identified as characteristics that effectively divided participants, creating 6 subgroups. Assigning treatments according to these models, compared to assigning a single best treatment to all patients, resulted in greater improvements of the average WOMAC at 12 months (P= 0.01). Key patterns were that IBET was the optimal treatment for patients of younger age and low BFOM, whereas PT was the optimal treatment for patients of older age, high BFOM, and BMI (kg/m2) between 26.3 and 37.2.ConclusionThese results suggest that easily assessed patient characteristics including age, fear of movement, and BMI could be used to guide patients toward either home-based exercise or PT, though additional studies are needed to confirm these findings. (ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT02312713)
Clinical Characteristics and Predictors of the Recurrence of Organizing Pneumonia Associated With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Kamei Ryosuke , Yamashita Hiroyuki , Kaneko Hiroshi 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo clarify the clinical characteristics of organizing pneumonia (OP) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA; RA-OP) and the association of OP development with RA exacerbation, and to identify OP recurrence predictors.MethodsData from 33 patients with RA-OP admitted to our hospital were retrospectively analyzed (2006-2016).ResultsRA onset preceded OP onset in 82% of patients, whereas OP onset preceded (OP-preceding) or co-occurred with RA in 9% of patients each. Median age at first OP onset was 64.0 years, and the period from RA onset to first OP onset was 5.5 years. At OP onset, 42% of events exhibited unilateral involvement and 76% had normal Krebs von den Lungen-6. RA disease control remained optimal in 52% of events and was exacerbated in 18% of events. Ten patients (30%) experienced OP recurrence with an interval of 13.0 months between events, and the first OP recurrence rate was 127/1000 person-years. Compared with nonrecurrent cases (n = 14), recurrent cases (n = 10) showed lower age at first OP onset (59.5 vs 67.1 yrs;P= 0.04) and a shorter period from RA onset to first OP onset (6.4 vs 14.2 yrs;P= 0.047); moreover, these cases included a higher number of OP-preceding patients (30% vs 0%;P= 0.03) and ever smokers (80% vs 36%;P= 0.03). OP-preceding patients showed shorter median recurrence-free survival time (15 vs 136 months;P= 0.01) and higher recurrence risk (hazard ratio 5.45;P= 0.02).ConclusionRA-OP showed a high recurrence rate and was not associated with RA exacerbation. Four RA-OP recurrence predictors were identified.
Bedside Clinician’s Guide to Pulmonary Artery Catheters
Authors: Fox W. Everett , Marshall Michael , Walters Susan M. , Mangunta Venkat R. , Ragosta Michael , Kleiman Amanda M. , McNeil John S. 
Published: August 2023

Background
Pulmonary artery catheters provide important information about cardiac function, mixed venous oxygenation, and right-sided pressures and potentially provide temporary pacing ability.

Objective
To provide bedside clinicians with guidance for techniques to insert right heart monitors and devices, describe risk factors for difficult insertion and contraindications to placement, and provide updates on new technologies that may be encountered in the intensive care unit.

Methods
An extensive literature review was performed. Experienced clinicians were asked to identify topics not addressed in the literature.

Results
Advanced imaging techniques such as transesophageal echocardiography or fluoroscopy can supplement traditional pressure waveform–guided insertion when needed, and several other techniques can be used to facilitate passage into the pulmonary artery. Caution is warranted when attempting insertion in patients with right-sided masses or preexisting conduction abnormalities. New technologies include a pacing catheter that anchors to the right ventricle and a remote monitoring device that is implanted in the pulmonary artery.

Discussion
Bedside clinicians should be aware of risk factors such as atrial fibrillation with dilated atria, decreased ventricular function, pulmonary hypertension, and right-sided structural abnormalities that can make pulmonary artery catheter insertion challenging. Clinicians should be familiar with advanced techniques and imaging options to facilitate placement.

Conclusion
The overall risk of serious complications with right heart catheter placement and manipulation is low and often outweighed by its benefits, specifically pressure monitoring and pacing.
Experiences of Parents of Children With Medical Complexity in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gallegos Cara , Cacchillo Natalie 
Published: August 2023

Background
Medical advances and decreased mortality rates in the pediatric intensive care unit have increased the number of children surviving illnesses they may not have survived previously. The term child with medical complexity is poorly defined.

Objectives
The purposes of this scoping review were to examine the experiences of parents of children with medical complexity in the pediatric intensive care unit and describe strategies to help support these parents.

Results
Eight studies were eligible for inclusion. All were published from 2009 through 2021. One study was a quantitative observational study, 2 were mixed-methods studies, and 5 had a qualitative design. Parents experienced significant stress and depression. Sources of stress were parenting a child with complex chronic illness in the pediatric intensive care unit, uncertainty, communication between family members and clinicians, and lack of subspecialty communication. Strategies to assist parents included respecting parents’ expertise and providing consistent and clear communication with family members and among subspecialty clinicians.

Conclusion
This review is the first to examine the experiences of parents of children with medical complexity in the pediatric intensive care unit. The study was limited by lack of available research and lack of consensus for the definition of child with medical complexity. However, this review describes strategies that nurses may find useful when caring for parents of children with medical complexity.
Comparison of glaucomatous from non-glaucomatous optic neuropathy using Bruch’s membrane opening minimum rim width optical coherence tomography measurements
Authors: Gosalia Hirika , Kumar Karthik M , Karan AK , Saravanan Veerappan R , Shah Virna M 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
To compare glaucomatous from non-glaucomatous optic atrophy using optical coherence tomography (OCT) based on the measurement values of Bruch’s membrane opening minimum rim width (BMO-MRW), which is a difficult task otherwise due to their varied course of disease progression, treatment protocols, and systemic association to visual impairment.

Methods:
This study was conducted in 40 eyes, comprising 20 eyes with non-glaucomatous optic neuropathy (NGON) and 20 eyes with glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON). All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination followed by an OCT optic disc scan to calculate the measurement of BMO-MRW.

Results:
The 5-fold cross-validated area under the curve for GON versus NGON from logistic regression models was 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86–1.00) using BMO-MRW values from all sectors. The results revealed that the measurements were significantly lesser in GON than in NGON patients.

Conclusion:
Hence, OCT-based BMO-MRW values could be used as an additional test to compare glaucomatous with non-glaucomatous optic neuropathy patients, especially in cases of high clinical suspicion.
Assessment of Handgrip Strength in Healthy African Subjects: Establishing Age and Gender Stratified Reference Values
Authors: Essien UAI , Amechi KU , Madu KA , Ede O , Iyidobi EC , Anyaehie UE , Obadaseraye OR , Ogbonnaya IS , Ogbu DC , Ngwangwa CL 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The handgrip strength assesses hand function in traumatic and non-traumatic upper extremity conditions. It is also a surrogate marker for other systemic diseases unrelated to the upper limb. Various reference values have been established in different world regions, with few studies in our population.

Aim:
To determine the average handgrip strength by gender and age categories among healthy subjects in Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
It was a cross-sectional study assessing handgrip strength by age category (ten-year bin width), gender, and handedness in 210 healthy persons aged 10 to 79 in Nigeria. Its relationship with age, height, weight, mid-arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, and mid-arm muscle area was evaluated using multiple linear regression.

Results:
The mean handgrip strength in the dominant and non-dominant hands was 31.09 kg and 28.45 kg, respectively, P < 0.001. Males have higher values than females in all age categories. The grip strength peaked in the 30–39-year age group in both genders and declined afterward. Age exhibited a nonlinear pattern but had an overall negative relationship, while height was positively related to grip strength in both genders. In contrast, mid-arm circumference and mid-arm muscle area predicted handgrip strength only in males. Triceps skinfold thickness was excluded from the model because of multicollinearity with the mid-arm muscle area, while weight did not predict grip strength in either gender.

Conclusion:
The handgrip strength in this study is less than that in western literature. Hence, test interpretation should reference the values from this study.
Histologic Comparison of Formocresol, Platelet-Rich Fibrin, and Hesperidin in Pulpotomy: A Randomized Trial in Dogs
Authors: Metwally NI , Mohamed EAR , Ahmed NA , Zaghloul SA 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Aims:
To histologically assess and compare formocresol (FC), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), and hesperidin (HPN) as pulpotomy agents in dogs.

Materials and Methods:
Pulpotomy was attempted from the buccal surface (class V) of 48 teeth in three mongrel dogs (Canis Lupus). Cavities were randomly allocated for three groups (n = 16) according to the pulpotomy agent used; (group I: FC (control), group II: PRF, and group III: HPN). All cavities were then sealed with zinc oxide eugenol followed by resin-modified glass ionomer restoration. Two months later, dogs were euthanized; the specimens were obtained and prepared for histological assessment followed by statistical analysis.

Results:
HPN specimens showed the best dentin bridge formation and the least inflammatory signs and pulp disorganization. Followed without statistically significant difference by PRF (P ≥ 0.05). Both of HPN and PRF, however, showed a significant difference statistically (P ≤ 0.05) to FC that showed no dentin bridging with more pronounced inflammation, necrosis, and pulp disorganization.

Conclusions:
For pulpotomy, HPN and PRF seemed histologically to be good substitutes for FC in the dog model.
The Effect of Training on Women with Postpartum Sexual Dysfunction: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bolsoy N , Sen S , Sezer G , Cakıl M 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
In the postpartum period, changes including pain during intercourse, lack of sexual desire, vaginal dryness, and failure to reach orgasm can affect a woman’s sexual response cycle.

Aim:
This research aimed to determine the effect of midwifery training on postpartum sexual dysfunction among primiparous women.

Subjects and Methods:
This research using a single-blind randomized controlled experimental and follow-up design. The sample consisted of 70 women, divided equally into training and control groups. Research data were collected using an information form, the Female Sexual Function Index and the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale. In the first phase of our study, 306 primiparous women were interviewed.

Results:
The mean Female Sexual Function Index score of the women was 25.18 ± 5.47 and 40.2% reported sexual dysfunction. When comparing the training and control groups before training, the total score average of the ASEX was 10.48 ± 2.13 in the training group and 11.06 ± 3.86 in the control group. The average score in the post-training was higher in the group given education (22.45 ± 2.17) than in the control group (17.08 ± 3.92) and this difference was significant (p = 0.000). It was determined that 42% of the change in the third follow-up scores of pregnant women in the training group could be explained by the education session they received.

Conclusion:
Our data showed a positive change in the sexual dysfunction scores of women, suggesting the education program was successful.