bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEDOT:PSS: Smart Infrared Rewritable Materials
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Wu Zuoxu , Liu Yijie , Yin Li , Hou Shuaihang , Mao Jun , Cao Feng , Zhang Qian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThermal radiation spectrum regulation plays an important role in energy and information fields. Effectively hiding targets and rendering it invisible to infrared imaging detectors are great challenges in past decades. Herein, a smart infrared rewritable and emissivity tunable polymer film is proposed based on PEDOT:PSS. The adjustment ability for the thermal emission is attributed to the mobile polaronic of PEDOT that can be effectively regulated by redox agents, resulting in an infrared emission modulation > 30%. The conformation and molecular stacking order of PEDOT also present reversible property, accompanied with the transformation between dication state and neutral state. Finally, a technique for direct writing and erasing process in the infrared region is implemented, based on the simple redox treating process. This work aims to provide a simple strategy on fabricating rewritable films based on conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS, which can be potentially applied in infrared optics security printing.
Ultracoherent Single‐Electron Emission of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Wang Aiwei , Zhao Jiuzhou , Chen Ke , Li Zhenjun , Li Chi , Dai Qing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA single‐electron emitter, based on a single quantized energy level, can potentially achieve ultimate temporal and spatial coherence with a large emission current, which is desirable for atomic‐resolution electron probes. This is first developed by constructing a nano‐object on a metal tip to form a quantized double barrier structure. However, the single‐electron‐emission current can only achieve a picoampere level due to the low electron tunneling rate of the heterojunction with large barrier width, which limits the practical applications. In this study, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) serve as a single‐electron emitter and a current up to 1.5 nA is demonstrated. The double barrier structure formed on the CNT tip enables a high tunneling rate (≈1012 s−1) due to the smaller barrier width. The emitter also shows high temporal coherence (energy dispersion of ≈10 meV) and spatial coherence (effective source radius of ≈0.85 nm). This work represents a highly coherent electron source to simplify the electron optics system of atomic‐resolution electron microscopy and sub‐10 nm electron beam lithography.
Metal Alloys‐Structured Electrocatalysts: Metal–Metal Interactions, Coordination Microenvironments, and Structural Property–Reactivity Relationships
Authors: Yang Chengdong , Gao Yun , Ma Tian , Bai Mingru , He Chao , Ren Xiancheng , Luo Xianglin , Wu Changzhu , Li Shuang , Cheng Chong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMetal alloys‐structured electrocatalysts (MAECs) have made essential contributions to accelerating the practical applications of electrocatalytic devices in renewable energy systems. However, due to the complex atomic structures, varied electronic states, and abundant supports, precisely decoding the metal‐metal interactions and structure‐activity relationships of MAECs still confronts great challenges, which is critical to direct the future engineering and optimization of MAECs. Here, this timely review comprehensively summarizes the latest advances in creating the MAECs, including the metal‐metal interactions, coordination microenvironments, and structure‐activity relationships. First, the fundamental classification, design, characterization, and structural reconstruction of MAECs are outlined. Then, the electrocatalytic merits and modulation strategies of recent breakthroughs for noble and non‐noble metal‐structured MAECs are thoroughly discussed, such as solid solution alloys, intermetallic alloys, and single‐atom alloys. Particularly, unique insights into the bond interactions, theoretical understanding, and operando techniques for mechanism disclosure are given. Thereafter, the current states of diverse MAECs with a unique focus on structural property‐reactivity relationships, reaction pathways, and performance comparisons are discussed. Finally, the future challenges and perspectives for MAECs are systematically discussed. It is believed that this comprehensive review can offer a substantial impact on stimulating the widespread utilization of metal alloys‐structured materials in electrocatalysis.
Quantum Size Effect to Induce Colossal High‐Temperature Energy Storage Density and Efficiency in Polymer/Inorganic Cluster Composites
Authors: Yang Mingcong , Wang Shaojie , Fu Jing , Zhu Yujie , Liang Jiajie , Cheng Sang , Hu Shixun , Hu Jun , He Jinliang , Li Qi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPolymer dielectrics need to operate at high temperatures to meet the demand of electrostatic energy storage in modern electronic and electrical systems. The polymer nanocomposite approach, an extensively proved strategy for performance improvement, encounters a bottleneck of reduced energy density and poor discharge efficiency beyond 150 °C. In this work, a polymer/metal oxide cluster composite prepared based on the “site isolation” strategy is reported. Capitalizing on the quantum size effect, the bandgap and surface defect states of the ultrasmall inorganic clusters (2.2 nm diameter) are modulated to markedly differ from regular‐sized nanoparticles. Experimental results in conjunction with computational simulation demonstrate that the presence of ultrasmall inorganic clusters can introduce more abundant, deeper traps in the composite dielectric with respect to conventional polymer/nanoparticle blends. Unprecedented high‐temperature capacitive performance, including colossal energy density (6.8 J cm−3), ultrahigh discharge efficiency (95%) and superior stability at different electric field frequencies, are achieved in these polymer/cluster composites up to 200 °C. Along with the advantages in material preparation (inexpensive precursors and one‐pot synthesis), such polymer/inorganic cluster composite approach is promising for high‐temperature dielectric energy storage in practical power apparatus and electronic devices.
Evaluating Platinum‐Based Ionic Polymer Metal Composites as Potentiometric Sensors for Dissolved Ozone in Ultrapure Water Systems
Authors: Grimmig Roman , Gillemot Philipp , Lindner Simon , Schmidt Philipp , Stucki Samuel , Günther Klaus , Baltruschat Helmut , Witzleben Steffen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMonitoring the content of dissolved ozone in purified water is often mandatory to ensure the appropriate levels of disinfection and sanitization. However, quantification bears challenges as colorimetric assays require laborious off‐line analysis, while commercially available instruments for electrochemical process analysis are expensive and often lack the possibility for miniaturization and discretionary installation. In this study, potentiometric ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) sensors for the determination of dissolved ozone in ultrapure water (UPW) systems are presented. Commercially available polymer electrolyte membranes are treated via an impregnation‐reduction method to obtain nanostructured platinum layers. By applying 25 different synthesis conditions, layer thicknesses of 2.2 to 12.6 µm are obtained. Supporting radiographic analyses indicate that the platinum concentration of the impregnation solution has the highest influence on the obtained metal loading. The sensor response behavior is explained by a Langmuir pseudo‐isotherm model and allows the quantification of dissolved ozone to trace levels of less than 10 µg L−1. Additional statistical evaluations show that the expected Pt loading and radiographic blackening levels can be predicted with high accuracy and significance (R2adj.> 0.90,p< 10−10) solely from given synthesis conditions.
Chiral Active Surface Growth via Glutathione Control
Authors: Zheng Yonglong , Wang Qian , Sun Yiwen , Huang Jie , Ji Jin , Wang Zhu‐Jun , Wang Yawen , Chen Hongyu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIt is shown that the chiral ligand glutathione can induce active surface growth in the deposition of Au on Au nanoplates, forming nano‐badges with complex surface patterns. The special feature of the growth mode is that the growth materials are diverted to a few active sites, causing deep valleys and high standing walls. The circular dichroism signal depends on the tilting degree of the walls, which likely arises from the different packing of the chiral ligands on the two pro‐chiral slopes. As a characteristic sign of the Active Surface Growth mode, low seed concentration is used to promote the rate of deposition, which expands the ridge–valley competition favoring growth at the active sites. The understanding and rational control of the chiral ridges will advance the synthetic control for chiral nanostructures.
Optical Glass Microsphere Enabled Rapid Single‐Molecular Fluoroimmunoassay
Authors: Wei Ziheng , Yang Xiaoli , Xu Lingrui , Si Shuhui , Wu Danhong , Zeng Hulie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDetermination of low‐abundance proteins in body liquid is the significant strategy for the early diagnosis of diseases and the discovery of signal paths in pathobiology. Here, the limit of detection of 113 aM for model human IgA is successfully obtained by the fluoroimmunoassay developed on an optical soda lime glass microsphere in micrometers that is illumed by the microsphere amplified fluorescence (MAF), which can be identified to the most sensitive immunoassay so far. In this case, the fluorescence signal of fluoroimmunoassay can be physically amplified by MAF while the large reacting area will be supplied by the glass microsphere to complete the fluoroimmunoassay. Therefore, the assay time of the fluoroimmunoassay can be shortened to 12 min via the optical glass microsphere‐enabled ultrasensitive fluoroimmunoassay at the same time. The developed fluoroimmunoassay indicates a possibility to perform the ultrasensitive immunoassay on the optical glass microsphere in 10 min and more, which may greatly facilitate the development of the ultrasensitive immunoassay for the urgent measurements and promote the development of portable fluoroimmunoassay.
Semiconductor–Semimetal Transition‐Driven Photocurrent Spurt and Infrared Band Response in Lead Iodide at High Pressure
Authors: Cheng Peng , Ye Tingting , Yan Jinwei , Zhang Kai , Yao Deyuan , Pan Xiaomei , Wang Yunfeng , Xue Erqiao , Su Fuhai , Zhang Jie , Ding Junfeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTopological semimetals have attracted flourishing interest as promising candidates for their unique advantages in achieving highly sensitive, low‐energy photodetection with ultrafast operation. Although various semimetals have been explored recently, new semimetals are still being pursued for high‐responsivity photodetectors with broadband response. Here, a pressure‐induced semiconductor–semimetal transition is observed in two‐dimensional wide‐band semiconducting lead iodide (PbI2). The photocurrent under visible light shows abrupt increases by two orders of magnitude at ≈25 GPa, where the crystalline structure transforms from the Pnma to I4/MMM phase. Meanwhile, the responding band expands from visible light to at least the telecom wavelength 1550 nm. The high‐pressure absorption spectra of PbI2 suggest that the electrical band is closed at the transition point, while the charge transport shows that the sample is still not metallic. Through first‐principles calculations, the photocurrent spurt and infrared band response are attributed to the appearance of a semimetal phase at high pressure, which well explains the nonmetallic transport. The prominent drop in lifetime to a few picoseconds in ultrafast spectroscopy under pressure further confirms the semiconductor–semimetal transition in PbI2. Pressure‐induced semimetallization opens a new strategy for designing a high‐performance photodetector with broadband response.
Population Control of Upconversion Energy Transfer for Stimulation Emission Depletion Nanoscopy
Authors: Liu Yongtao , Wen Shihui , Wang Fan , Zuo Chao , Chen Chaohao , Zhou Jiajia , Jin Dayong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUpconverting stimulated emission depletion microscopy (U‐STED) is emerging as an effective approach for super‐resolution imaging due to its significantly low depletion power and its ability to surpass the limitations of the square‐root law and achieve higher resolution. Though the compelling performance, a trade‐off between the spatial resolution and imaging quality in U‐STED has been recognized in restricting the usability due to the low excitation power drove high depletion efficiency. Moreover, it is a burden to search for the right power relying on trial and error as the underpinning mechanism is unknown. Here, a method is proposed that can easily predict the ideal excitation power for high depletion efficiency with the assistance of the non‐saturate excitation based on the dynamic cross‐relaxation (CR) energy transfer of upconversion nanoparticles. This allows the authors to employ the rate equation model to simulate the populations of each relevant energy state of lanthanides and predict the ideal excitation power for high depletion efficiency. The authors demonstrate that the resolution of STED with the assistance of nonsaturated confocal super‐resolution results can easily achieve the highest resolution of sub‐40 nm, 1/24th of the excitation wavelengths. The finding on the CR effect provides opportunities for population control in realizing low‐power high‐resolution nanoscopy.
Lymph Node Follicle‐Targeting STING Agonist Nanoshells Enable Single‐Shot M2e Vaccination for Broad and Durable Influenza Protection
Authors: Tsai Hsiao‐Han , Huang Ping‐Han , Lin Leon CW , Yao Bing‐Yu , Liao Wan‐Ting , Pai Chen‐Hsueh , Liu Yu‐Han , Chen Hui‐Wen , Hu Che‐Ming J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe highly conserved matrix protein 2 ectodomain (M2e) of influenza viruses presents a compelling vaccine antigen candidate for stemming the pandemic threat of the mutation‐prone pathogen, yet the low immunogenicity of the diminutive M2e peptide renders vaccine development challenging. A highly potent M2e nanoshell vaccine that confers broad and durable influenza protectivity under a single vaccination is shown. Prepared via asymmetric ionic stabilization for nanoscopic curvature formation, polymeric nanoshells co‐encapsulating high densities of M2e peptides and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists are prepared. Robust and long‐lasting protectivity against heterotypic influenza viruses is achieved with a single administration of the M2e nanoshells in mice. Mechanistically, molecular adjuvancy by the STING agonist and nanoshell‐mediated prolongation of M2e antigen exposure in the lymph node follicles synergistically contribute to the heightened anti‐M2e humoral responses. STING agonist‐triggered T cell helper functions and extended residence of M2e peptides in the follicular dendritic cell network provide a favorable microenvironment that induces Th1‐biased antibody production against the diminutive antigen. These findings highlight a versatile nanoparticulate design that leverages innate immune pathways for enhancing the immunogenicity of weak immunogens. The single‐shot nanovaccine further provides a translationally viable platform for pandemic preparedness.
Liquid NanoBiosensors Enable One‐Pot Electrochemical Detection of Bacteria in Complex Matrices
Authors: Imani Sara M. , Osman Enas , Bakhshandeh Fatemeh , Qian Shuwen , Sakib Sadman , MacDonald Michael , Gaskin Mark , Zhitomirsky Igor , Yamamura Deborah , Li Yingfu , Didar Tohid F. , Soleymani Leyla 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere is a need for point‐of‐care bacterial sensing and identification technologies that are rapid and simple to operate. Technologies that do not rely on growth cultures, nucleic acid amplification, step‐wise reagent addition, and complex sample processing are the key for meeting this need. Herein, multiple materials technologies are integrated for overcoming the obstacles in creating rapid and one‐pot bacterial sensing platforms. Liquid‐infused nanoelectrodes are developed for reducing nonspecific binding on the transducer surface; bacterium‐specific RNA‐cleaving DNAzymes are used for bacterial identification; and redox DNA barcodes embedded into DNAzymes are used for binding‐induced electrochemical signal transduction. The resultant single‐step and one‐pot assay demonstrates a limit‐of‐detection of 102 CFU mL−1, with high specificity in identifying Escherichia coli amongst other Gram positive and negative bacteria including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. Additionally, this assay is evaluated for analyzing 31 clinically obtained urine samples, demonstrating a clinical sensitivity of 100% and specify of 100%. When challenging this assay with nine clinical blood cultures, E. coli‐positive and E. coli‐negative samples can be distinguished with a probability of p < 0.001.
Ultrasensitive Near‐Infrared InAs Colloidal Quantum Dot‐ZnON Hybrid Phototransistor Based on a Gradated Band Structure
Authors: Kim Jong‐Ho , Jung Byung Ku , Kim Su‐Kyung , Yun Kwang‐Ro , Ahn Junhyuk , Oh Seongkeun , Jeon Min‐Gyu , Lee Tae‐Ju , Kim Seongchan , Oh Nuri , Oh Soong Ju , Seong Tae‐Yeon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAmorphous metal oxide semiconductor phototransistors (MOTPs) integrated with colloidal quantum dots (QDs) (QD‐MOTPs) are promising infrared photodetectors owing to their high photoconductive gain, low off‐current level, and high compatibility with pixel circuits. However, to date, the poor mobility of conventional MOTPs, such as indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), and the toxicity of lead (Pb)‐based QDs, such as lead sulfide and lead selenide, has limited the commercial applications of QD‐MOTPs. Herein, an ultrasensitive QD‐MOTP fabricated by integrating a high‐mobility zinc oxynitride (ZnON)–based MOTP and lead‐free indium arsenide (InAs) QDs is demonstrated. A new gradated bandgap structure is introduced in the InAs QD layer that absorbs infrared light, which prevents carriers from moving backward and effectively reduces electron–hole recombination. Chemical, optical, and structural analyses confirm the movement of the photoexcited carriers in the graded band structure. The novel QD‐MOTP exhibits an outstanding performance with a responsivity of 1.15 × 105 A W−1 and detectivity of 5.32 × 1016 Jones at a light power density of 2 µW cm−2 under illumination at 905 nm.
Metabolic Intervention Liposome Boosted Lung Cancer Radio‐Immunotherapy via Hypoxia Amelioration and PD‐L1 Restraint
Authors: Wang Saijun , Zhou Zaigang , Hu Rui , Dong Mingyue , Zhou Xiaobo , Ren Siyan , Zhang Yi , Chen Chengxun , Huang Ruoyuan , Zhu Man , Xie Wanying , Han Ling , Shen Jianliang , Xie Congying 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAt present, radiotherapy (RT) still acquires limited success in clinical due to the lessened DNA damage under hypoxia and acquired immune tolerance owing to the amplified programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) expression. Incredibly, intracellular PD‐L1 expression depression is proven to better sensitize RT by inhibiting DNA damage repair. However, the disability of the clinically used antibodies in disrupting the extracellular PD‐L1function still limits the effectiveness of radio‐immunotherapy. Therefore, better PD‐L1 regulation strategies are still urgently needed to better sensitize radio‐immunotherapy. Hence, for this purpose, TPP‐LND is synthesized by linking mitochondrial‐targeted triphenylphosphine cations (TPP+) to the antineoplastic agent lonidamine (LND), which significantly reduces the dose needed for LND to induce effective oxidative phosphorylation inhibition (2 vs 300 µM). Then, TPP‐LND is wrapped with liposomes to form TPP‐LND@Lip nanoparticles. By doing this, TPP‐LND@Lip nanoparticles can sensitize RT by reversing the hypoxic microenvironment of tumors to generate more DNA damage and reducing the expression of PD‐L1 via enhancing the adenosine 5′‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase activation. As expected, these well‐designed economical TPP‐LND@Lip nanoparticles are more effective than conventional anti‐PD‐L1 antibodies to some extent.
The Formation Mechanism of (001) Facet Dominated α‐FAPbI3 Film by Pseudohalide Ions for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Shengwen , Xia Junmin , Wen Zhaorui , Gu Hao , Guo Jia , Liang Chao , Pan Hui , Wang Xingzhu , Chen Shi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFormamidinium lead triiodide (α‐FAPbI3) has been widely used in high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells due to its small band gap and excellent charge‐transport properties. Recently, some additives show facet selectivity to generate a (001) facet‐dominant film during crystallization. However, the mechanism to realize such (001) facet selectivity is not fully understood. Here, the authors attempted to use three ammonia salts NH4X (X are pseudohalide anions) to achieve better (001) facet selectivity in perovskite crystallization and improved crystallinity. After addition, the (001) facet dominance is generally increased with the best effect from SCN− anions. The theoretical calculation revealed three mechanisms of such improvements. First, pseudohalide anions have larger binding energy than the iodine ion to bind the facets including (110), (210), and (111), slowing down the growth of these facets. The large binding energy also reduces nucleation density and improves crystallinity. Second, pseudohalide ions improve phase purity by increasing the formation energies of the δ‐phase and other hexagonal polytypes, retarding the α‐ to δ‐phase transition. Third, the strong binding of these anions can also effectively passivate the iodine vacancies and suppress nonradiative recombination. As a result, the devices show a power conversion efficiency of 24.11% with a Voc of 1.181 V.
Deep Learning Model to Denoise Luminescence Images of Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Grace , Dwivedi Priya , Trupke Thorsten , Hameiri Ziv 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLuminescence imaging is widely used to identify spatial defects and extract key electrical parameters of photovoltaic devices. To reliably identify defects, high‐quality images are desirable; however, acquiring such images implies a higher cost or lower throughput as they require better imaging systems or longer exposure times. This study proposes a deep learning‐based method to effectively diminish the noise in luminescence images, thereby enhancing their quality for inspection and analysis. The proposed method eliminates the requirement for extra hardware expenses or longer exposure times, making it a cost‐effective solution for image enhancement. This approach significantly improves image quality by >30% and >39% in terms of the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio and the structural similarity index, respectively, outperforming state‐of‐the‐art classical denoising algorithms.