bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of cottonseed meal on performance, gossypol residue, liver function, lipid metabolism, and cecal microbiota in geese
Authors: Yu Jun , Yang Haiming , Sun Qingyu , Xu Xuean , Yang Zhi , Wang Zhiyue 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A total of 240 28-d-old male goslings were used to investigate the effects of cottonseed meal (CSM) on performance, gossypol residue, liver function, lipid metabolism, and cecal microbiota. All birds were randomly allotted into five groups (eight goslings/replicate, six replicates/group) and subjected to a 35-d experiment. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to produce diets in which 0% (control), 25% (CSM25), 50% (CSM50), 75% (CSM75), and 100% (CSM100) of protein from soybean meal was replaced by protein from CSM. The free gossypol contents in the five diets were 0, 44, 92, 135, and 183 mg/kg, respectively. Dietary CSM did not affect the growth performance from 29 to 63 d and carcass traits at 63 d (P &gt; 0.05). Liver gossypol residues were influenced (P &lt; 0.05) by dietary CSM and increased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) and quadratically (P &lt; 0.05) as dietary CSM increased. The malondialdehyde content of the liver was lower in the CSM100 group than in the other groups (P &lt; 0.05). Serum triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were influenced (P &lt; 0.05) by dietary CSM and increased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) with increasing dietary CSM. Dietary CSM altered (P &lt; 0.05) the composition of some fatty acids in the liver and breast muscle. The concentration of linolenic acid and Σn-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in the liver and breast muscle decreased linearly, but the Σn-6/Σn-3 PUFA ratio increased linearly with increasing dietary CSM (P &lt; 0.05). Dietary CSM affected (P &lt; 0.05) the hepatic gene expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and apolipoprotein B (ApoB). As the dietary CSM concentration increased, the hepatic gene expression of FAS increased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) and quadratically (P &lt; 0.05), but the hepatic gene expression of ACC and ApoB increased linearly (P &lt; 0.05). The CSM diet decreased the relative abundance of the Bacteroidota and Bacteroides (P &lt; 0.05), and the CSM50 diet increased the relative abundance of the Firmicutes and Colidextribacter (P &lt; 0.05) compared to the control group. Overall, these results show that dietary CSM has no adverse effects on the performance of goslings from 29 to 63 d. However, CSM affected organismal lipid metabolism, reduced products’ edible value, and adaptively altered cecum microbiota.
Dietary fiber supplementation during the last 50 days of gestation improves the farrowing performance of gilts by modulating insulin sensitivity, gut microbiota, and placental function
Authors: Huang Shuangbo , Wu Deyuan , Hao Xiangyu , Nie Jiawei , Huang Zihao , Ma Shuo , Chen Yiling , Chen Shengxing , Wu Jianyao , Sun Jihui , Ao Huasun , Gao Binghui , Tan Chengquan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Our previous study found dietary konjac flour (KF) supplementation could improve insulin sensitivity and reproductive performance of sows, but its high price limits its application in actual production. This study aimed to investigate the effects of supplementation of a cheaper combined dietary fiber (CDF, using bamboo shoots fiber and alginate fiber to partially replace KF) from the last 50 days of gestation to parturition on farrowing performance, insulin sensitivity, gut microbiota, and placental function of gilts. Specifically, a total of 135 pregnant gilts with a similar farrowing time were blocked by backfat thickness and body weight on day 65 of gestation (G65d) and assigned to 1 of the 3 dietary treatment groups (n = 45 per group): basal diet (CON), basal diet supplemented with 2% KF or 2% CDF (CDF containing 15% KF, 60% bamboo shoots fiber, and 25% alginate fiber), respectively. The litter performance, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance parameters, placental vessel density, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels in feces were assessed. The gut microbiota population in gilts during gestation was also assessed by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Compared with CON, both KF and CDF treatments not only increased the piglet birth weight (P &lt; 0.05) and piglet vitality (P &lt; 0.01) but also decreased the proportion of piglets with birth weight ≤ 1.2 kg (P &lt; 0.01) and increased the proportion of piglets with birth weight ≥ 1.5 kg (P &lt; 0.01). In addition, KF or CDF supplementation reduced fasting blood insulin level (P &lt; 0.05), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (P &lt; 0.05), serum hemoglobin A1c (P &lt; 0.05), and the level of advanced glycation end products (P &lt; 0.05) at G110d, and increased the placental vascular density (P &lt; 0.05) at farrowing. Meanwhile, KF or CDF supplementation increased microbial diversity (P &lt; 0.05) and SCFAs levels (P &lt; 0.05) in feces at G110d. Notably, the production cost per live-born piglet was lower in CDF group (¥ 36.1) than KF group (¥ 41.3). Overall, KF or CDF supplementation from G65d to farrowing could improve the farrowing performance of gilts possibly by improving insulin sensitivity, regulating gut microbiota and metabolites, and increasing placental vascular density, with higher economic benefits and a similar effect for CDF vs. KF, suggesting the potential of CDF as a cheaper alternative to KF in actual production.
Essential Oil Trunk Injection Into Orchard Trees: Consequences on the Performance and Preference of Hemipteran Pests
Authors: Denoirjean Thomas , Belhassen Daphné , Doury Géraldine , Ameline Arnaud , Werrie Pierre Yves , Fauconnier Marie Laure , Hance Thierry , Le Goff Guillaume Jean 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Apples and pears are among the most widely cultivated fruit species in the world. Pesticides are commonly applied using ground sprayers in conventional orchards; however, most of it will not reach the target plant, increasing the contamination of nontarget organisms such as natural predators, pollinators, and decomposers. Trunk injection is an alternative method of pesticide application that could reduce risks to beneficials and workers. Essential oils represent a ‘green’ alternative to pesticides due to their reported insecticidal, antimicrobial, antiviral, nematicidal, and antifungal properties. The aim of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the impact that the injection of a cinnamon essential oil solution into the trunk of apple and pear trees could have on their respective pests, Dysaphis plantaginea and Cacopsylla pyri, respectively. The feeding behavior (preference), the life history traits (performance), and the timing of this effect were measured. The injection of an essential oil emulsion in trees impacted hemipteran host-plant colonization, as for both species a modification of their preference and of their performance was observed. The feeding behavior of D. plantaginea was altered as a significantly lower proportion of aphids ingested phloem sap on injected trees, suggesting that the aphids starved to death. On the contrary, the feeding behavior of the psyllids was little changed compared to the control condition, implying that the observed mortality was due to intoxication. The results presented here could theoretically be used to control these two orchard hemipteran pests, although the effectiveness in real conditions still has to be demonstrated.
Democratic practice and curriculum objectives: Paul Hirst’s visit to Summerhill
Authors: Suissa Judith 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper revisits the battle between Summerhill School and the Department for Education and Employment following the damning Ofsted inspection in 1999 that demanded changes to the school’s practice. The focus of the discussion is Paul Hirst’s involvement in the subsequent inspection of Summerhill following the school’s victory against Ofsted in their 2000 appeal at the Independent Schools Tribunal. Drawing on contemporary commentaries on the Ofsted inspection and the court case, alongside Hirst’s work on curriculum and early criticisms of this work, I explore what is meant by ‘a broad and balanced curriculum’—a phrase that lay at the heart of Ofsted’s case against Summerhill. The discussion will question some of the commonly posited oppositions between ‘progressive’ and ‘liberal’ education, and will suggest that such a framing of the issues is an unhelpful way to understand the radical challenge posed by democratic schools such as Summerhill. In focusing on the daily life and ethos of Summerhill as part of an attempt to build and nurture a democratic community, I explore the possibility that Summerhill’s broad conception of learning and curriculum, reflected in the school’s organization and ethos, lends itself to a less narrow and more socially oriented conception of curriculum that is in line with Hirst’s later work on social practices.
Research progress on chemical components and pharmacological action of Solanum lyratum Thunb
Authors: Liu Xue , Wang Fulin , Chen Yueru , An Ying , Cheng Lingmei , Wang Lu , Kong Degang , Zhao Wei , Tian Jinli , Niu Yingshuo , Cui Weiliang , Zhang Wenru , Xu Yang , Ba Yahui , Zhou Honglei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Solanum lyratum Thunb (SLT) is a perennial plant of the Solanaceae family, and is extensively used in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine. Malaria, oedema, gonorrhoea, cancer, wind and fever, jaundiced hepatitis, cholecystitis and rheumatoid arthritis are among the diseases that it is used to treat. To offer a foundation for further development and usage of SLT, the pieces of literature about the chemical composition and pharmacological action of SLT were reviewed and analysed.

Key findings
The chemical constituents of SLT mainly included steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, anthraquinones, phenylpropanoids and others. Pharmacological action mainly contains anti-tumour, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation and other pharmacological actions, among them, the anti-tumour effect is particularly outstanding.

Summary
At present, studies on the pharmacological effects of SLT mainly focus on alkaloids and steroidal saponins. In the follow-up studies, studies on the pharmacological activities of other chemical components in SLT, such as flavonoids and terpenoids, should be strengthened. It has the potential to pave the way for more research and development of novel SLT medicines.
Sexual boredom and sexual desire in long-term relationships: a latent profile analysis
Authors: de Oliveira Leonor , Štulhofer Aleksandar , Tafro Azra , Carvalho Joana , Nobre Pedro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundResearch suggests a general link between sexual boredom and sexual desire, but its understanding is currently very limited.AimTo identify distinct (latent) groups of women and men in long-term relationships based on their reported levels of sexual boredom and sexual desire.MethodsLatent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted in an online sample of 1223 Portuguese participants aged 18 and 66 years (mean ± SD, 32.75 ± 6.11), using indicators of sexual boredom and partner-related, attractive other–related, and solitary sexual desire to categorize participants. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was carried out to explore predictors and correlates of the latent profiles.OutcomesSexual boredom was assessed by the Sexual Boredom Scale, while sexual desire was measured with the Sexual Desire Inventory.ResultsAs compared with women, men reported higher levels of sexual boredom and sexual desire. LPA indicated 3 profiles in women and 2 profiles in men. Among women, P1 was characterized by above-average sexual boredom, below-average partner- and attractive other–related sexual desire, and very low solitary sexual desire; P2 by below-average sexual boredom, attractive other–related sexual desire, and solitary sexual desire and above-average partner-related sexual desire; and P3 by above-average sexual boredom, attractive other–related sexual desire, and solitary sexual desire and below-average partner-related sexual desire. In men, P1 was characterized by high sexual boredom, above-average partner-related sexual desire, and high attractive other–related and solitary sexual desire and P2 by below-average sexual boredom and above-average partner-related, attractive other–related, and solitary sexual desire. The latent profiles did not differ according to relationship duration. Overall, the sole consistent correlate of the latent categorization was sexual satisfaction.Clinical ImplicationsIn women, above-average levels of sexual boredom were linked to below-average levels of partner-related desire, which suggests likely benefits of helping the couple to minimize or cope better with their sexual routines. In men, participants in the 2 profiles did not differ in partner-related sexual desire, suggesting that clinical interventions dealing with male sexual boredom should investigate factors beyond the current relationship.Strengths and LimitationsThis study explored different facets of sexual desire and used LPA, rendering advantages over previous research. The male sample has lower statistical power than the female sample.ConclusionPatterns of sexual boredom and sexual desire among individuals in long-term monogamous relationships are distinct and consistently related to sexual satisfaction in women and men and to relationship satisfaction among only women, which have important clinical ramifications.
Atlas of the receptive anal sex experience among people with prostates
Authors: Gaither Thomas W , Vincent Nathan W , Piqueiras Eduardo , Barzallo Devin , Siapno Allen , Williams Kristen C , Russell Marcia , Litwin Mark S 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundReceptive anal intercourse (RAI) is commonly practiced among individuals of all sexual orientations. However, negative stigmatization by society and health care professionals leads to the underreporting or this practice.AimWe sought to assess and describe the subjective role of the prostate as a pleasure center in participants with diverse RAI experiences. The secondary aim was to describe nonprostatic areas within the anorectal region that produce erotic sensation and/or pain.MethodsThe exploratory sequential multimethod study design included focus groups and semistructured interviews with 30 individuals with prostates who had engaged in RAI. We used graphic elicitation of natal male anatomy to enhance visualization and assess participant perspectives.OutcomesThe main outcome of interest was the identification of anatomic locations of erogenous sensation and pain during RAI.ResultsAmong the participants (median age 38, range 24–77 years), most participants (90%) identified as cisgender male. Three major themes emerged within the motivations for RAI, including (1) deriving intrinsic pleasure, (2) providing both pleasure for a partner and a way to improve intimacy/connection, and (3) an inability to be the insertive partner due to physical or mental challenges. The data suggest that the anorectal region produces a variety of erogenous sensations which participants find pleasurable. Overall, 2 major areas of erogenous sensation occur along the anterior rectal wall and within the anus. Within the context of RAI, 2 distinct categories of pain emerged, including pain with insertion and pain at other times.Clinical ImplicationsUnderstanding where erogenous sensation originates for each individual may predict sexual functioning after various surgical interventions. Timing and location of pain may aid in further characterizing anodyspareunia.Strengths and LimitationsOur study utilized a sequential design (from focus groups to interviews) with diverse RAI experiences, especially regarding age, geographic location, and prostate pathology. We included individuals of diverse gender identities, but too few to evaluate these groups independently from cisgender men.ConclusionPeople with prostates experience pleasure in multiple areas during RAI. Contrary to some lay literature, the prostate region is not the subjective pleasure center for all individuals. Timing and location of pain during RAI may inform areas for intervention. Providing a language for pleasure and pain during RAI may improve communication between not only sexual partners but also clinicians and patients.
Multiple courses of intralesional collagenase injections for Peyronie disease: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Li Michelle K , Sigalos John T , Yoffe Dar A , Modiri Neilufar , Hu Ming-Yeah , Gaither Thomas W , Santamaria Alvaro , Walker Dyvon T , Regets Keith V , Mills Jesse N , Eleswarapu Sriram V 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn the original clinical trials evaluating intralesional collagenase Clostridium histolyticum for Peyronie disease (PD), treatment protocols were limited to 8 injections.AimWe sought to describe our single-center experience with the use of multiple rounds (&gt;8 injections) of intralesional collagenase in patients with PD.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients with PD receiving intralesional collagenase injections at our institution from October 2015 through December 2020. Some patients who completed 1 round of treatment elected to undergo additional rounds (16 or 24 injections) based on persistent curvature and presence of penile plaque. Clinical improvement was defined as a 20% reduction in penile curvature from the start of a given round of treatment to the end of that round of treatment. We measured erect penile curvature before and after each round and collected demographics, medical and surgical history, curvature outcomes, and treatment-related adverse events.OutcomeThe primary outcome was the reduction in penile curvature after multiple rounds of treatment with intralesional collagenase injections in patients with PD.ResultsA total of 330 patients underwent intralesional collagenase injections for PD, of whom 229 completed at least 8 injections and underwent pre- and posttreatment erect penile goniometry. An overall 42.8% (98/229), 38.6% (22/57), and 12.5% (1/8) of patients achieved clinical improvement after 1 round of therapy (8 injections), 2 rounds (16 injections), and 3 rounds (24 injections), respectively. Mean degree and mean percentage improvement of penile curvature for the start and end of each round of treatment were 8.3° and 16.4% (after 1 round), 7.2° and 16.8% (after 2 rounds), and 3.3° and 8.1% (after 3 rounds). Bruising was the most common complication, with an incidence of at least 50% in each round.Clinical ImplicationsKnowledge of patient responses to multiple rounds of intralesional collagenase injections may help guide physicians in management and counseling of patients regarding PD treatment options.Strengths and LimitationsThis is the first study to evaluate multiple rounds (&gt;8 injections) of intralesional collagenase for PD. Limitations include retrospective analysis and smaller sample size among patients undergoing 3 rounds (24 injections).ConclusionFor patients who did not achieve clinical improvement after 1 round of treatment, an additional round may be beneficial. However, no real improvement was observed for patients undergoing a third round.
QUIJOTE scientific results – IV. A northern sky survey in intensity and polarization at 10–20 GHz with the multifrequency instrument
Authors: Rubiño-Martín J A , Guidi F , Génova-Santos R T , Harper S E , Herranz D , Hoyland R J , Lasenby A N , Poidevin F , Rebolo R , Ruiz-Granados B , Vansyngel F , Vielva P , Watson R A , Artal E , Ashdown M , Barreiro R B , Bilbao-Ahedo J D , Casas F J , Casaponsa B , Cepeda-Arroita R , de la Hoz E , Dickinson C , Fernández-Cobos R , Fernández-Torreiro M , González-González R , Hernández-Monteagudo C , López-Caniego M , López-Caraballo C , Martínez-González E , Peel M W , Peláez-Santos A E , Perrott Y , Piccirillo L , Razavi-Ghods N , Scott P , Titterington D , Tramonte D , Vignaga. R 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We present QUIJOTE intensity and polarization maps in four frequency bands centred around 11, 13, 17, and 19 GHz, and covering approximately 29 000 deg2, including most of the northern sky region. These maps result from 9000 h of observations taken between May 2013 and June 2018 with the first QUIJOTE multifrequency instrument (MFI), and have angular resolutions of around 1°, and sensitivities in polarization within the range 35–40 µK per 1° beam, being a factor ∼2–4 worse in intensity. We discuss the data processing pipeline employed, and the basic characteristics of the maps in terms of real space statistics and angular power spectra. A number of validation tests have been applied to characterize the accuracy of the calibration and the residual level of systematic effects, finding a conservative overall calibration uncertainty of 5 per cent. We also discuss flux densities for four bright celestial sources (Tau A, Cas A, Cyg A, and 3C274), which are often used as calibrators at microwave frequencies. The polarization signal in our maps is dominated by synchrotron emission. The distribution of spectral index values between the 11 GHz and WMAP 23 GHz map peaks at β = −3.09 with a standard deviation of 0.14. The measured BB/EE ratio at scales of ℓ = 80 is 0.26 ± 0.07 for a Galactic cut |b| &gt; 10°. We find a positive TE correlation for 11 GHz at large angular scales (ℓ ≲ 50), while the EB and TB signals are consistent with zero in the multipole range 30 ≲ ℓ ≲ 150. The maps discussed in this paper are publicly available.
Genome-wide mapping of fluoroquinolone-stabilized DNA gyrase cleavage sites displays drug specific effects that correlate with bacterial persistence
Authors: Tang Juechun , Brynildsen Mark P 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBacterial persisters are rare phenotypic variants that are suspected to be culprits of recurrent infections. Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are a class of antibiotics that facilitate bacterial killing by stabilizing bacterial type II topoisomerases when they are in a complex with cleaved DNA. In Escherichia coli, DNA gyrase is the primary FQ target, and previous work has demonstrated that persisters are not spared from FQ-induced DNA damage. Since DNA gyrase cleavage sites (GCSs) largely govern the sites of DNA damage from FQ treatment, we hypothesized that GCS characteristics (e.g. number, strength, location) may influence persistence. To test this hypothesis, we measured genome-wide GCS distributions after treatment with a panel of FQs in stationary-phase cultures. We found drug-specific effects on the GCS distribution and discovered a strong negative correlation between the genomic cleavage strength and FQ persister levels. Further experiments and analyses suggested that persistence was unlikely to be governed by cleavage to individual sites, but rather survival was a function of the genomic GCS distribution. Together, these findings demonstrate FQ-specific differences in GCS distribution that correlate with persister levels and suggest that FQs that better stabilize DNA gyrase in cleaved complexes with DNA will lead to lower levels of persistence.
Body Language: Making Love in Lyric in Romeo and Juliet
Authors: Lees-Jeffries Hester 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
With a particular focus on an intensive close reading of the scenes between the lovers and their portrayal of desire and intimacy, this essay discusses how Shakespeare transforms lyric poetry, especially its formal features, not simply into dramatic poetry but into theatre, demonstrating how Shakespeare creates the lovers’ world and the passionate intimacy of their relationship through the embodiment of lyric forms, especially the sonnet, the epithalamium, and the aubade. Explicitly thinking about bodies (and bodies on stage) rather than ‘the body’, it draws on a number of Shakespeare’s sources, especially Sidney’s Astrophil and Stella and Marlowe’s Hero and Leander, as well as Arthur Brooke’s Romeus and Juliet, exploring in precise detail how Shakespeare works with them, the particularity of his transformations, and their effects.1