bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
الصعوبات التي تواجه تطبيق اللامركزية الادارية في العراق- دراسة مقارنة
Authors: Ammar Duair Falih  
Published: August 2023

الصعوبات التي تواجه تطبيق اللامركزية الإدارية في العراق
في إطار التوجه الديمقراطي وإصلاح النظام الإداري في العراق الجديد، ومن اجل تقديم الخدمات الأساسية للمواطن بطريقة سلسة ودونما تباطؤ ودرءاً للروتين المعرقل واختزال الحلقات الزائدة لاتخاذ القرارات الإدارية المتعلقة بإنجاز المشاريع وتقديم الخدمات المتصلة اتصالاً وثيقاً بحياة جموع المواطنين بأفضل وجه ممكن وبالسرعة المتاحة، كان لابد من اعتماد نظام جديد في الإدارة، يشارك المواطنون أنفسهم في اختيار من يمثلهم فيه.
ولتحقيق هذا الأمر كان لابد من اعتماد إطار التوجه اللامركزية في الإدارة كمبدأ دستوري، وذلك لتعزيز دور الحكومات المحلية من خلال نبذ المركزية المقيتة ورد الاعتبار إليها وإناطة الشؤون المحلية التي تتجسد في الجانب الوظيفي الخدمي المتمثل في انجاز وتسيير الشؤون اليومية وتنظيم الحياة العامة وحفظ الأمن والسكينة والنظام على الصعيد الداخلي بالحكومات المحلية في المحافظات.
ومن اجل ذلك فقد تم تشريع قانون المحافظات غير المنتظمة في إقليم رقم 21 لسنة 2008 المعدل، والذي دخل حيز التنفيذ من تاريخ صدوره (نشر في الوقائع العراقية العدد الصادر في 31/ 3/ 2008)، وذلك استنادا الى نص الفقرة ثانياً من المادة (122) من الدستور التي أوجبت إدارة المحافظات غير المنتظمة في إقليم وفقا لمبدأ اللامركزية الإدارية، وبما يمكنها من الإدارة الواسعة للشؤون الإدارية والمالية، وتنظيم كل ذلك بقانون.
لكن ومع التطبيق والممارسة تبين ان القانون يعتوره العديد من النواقص ولابد من" توسيع صلاحيات السلطات المحلية وزيادة الموارد المالية للوحدات الإدارية لتمكينها من إدارة شؤونها"، ولذلك تم تعديل قانون المحافظات غير المنتظمة في إقليم رقم 21 لسنة 2008 لثلاث مرات (التعديل الأول للقانون جاء بالرقم 15 لسنة 2010، والتعديل الثاني للقانون حمل الرقم 19 لسنة 2013، والتعديل الثالث للقانون كان بالرقم 10 لسنة 2018).
وعلى الرغم من تنظيم نظام اللامركزية قانوناً وتضمينه صلاحيات واسعة للحكومات المحلية، لا تستهان بها، بحيث تجعل من هذه الأخيرة حكومات حقيقية، إلا إن الإرادة السياسية وغيرها من الأسباب حالت دون تطبيق اللامركزية الإدارية في العراق بشكل سليم.
وهو ما دفعنا للبحث في أسباب هذه المشكلة، والتي في مقدمتها عدم الاتفاق على منح سلطة تشريع القوانين للمحافظات غير المنتظمة في إقليم
Saint-Amant et le « prestige de l’Académie française » : « poésies baroques » de 19681
Authors: Cartron Maxime 
Published: August 2023

L’anthologie intitulée Poésies baroques de Marc-Antoine Girard Sieur de Saint-Amant, parue le 31 décembre 1968 chez Vialetay dans la collection « Prestige de l’Académie française », témoigne d’un effort matériel pour marquer l’accord entre l’objet-livre et la gloire de son origine institutionnelle. L’éditeur et les compilateurs construisent l’oeuvre de Saint-Amant en objet de jouissance visuelle, tout en en développant une lecture biographique visant à anéantir ce qu’ils perçoivent comme un danger moral : celui du baroque entendu comme désordre de l’institution.
Electronic data review, client reminders, and expanded clinic hours for improving cervical cancer screening rates after the COVID-19 pandemic shutdowns: A multicomponent quality improvement program
Authors: Ghosh Sue , Fantes Jackie , Leschly Karin , Mazul Julio , Perkins Rebecca B 
Published: August 2023

Background:To improve cervical cancer screening (CCS) rates, the East Boston Neighborhood Health Center implemented a quality improvement initiative from March to August 2021.Methods:Staff training was provided. A 21-provider team validated overdue CCS indicated by electronic medical record data. To improve screening, CCS-only sessions were created during regular clinic hours (n = 5) and weekends/evenings (n = 8). Patients were surveyed on their experience.Results:A total of 6126 charts were reviewed. Of the list of overdue patients, outreach was performed on 1375 patients to schedule the 13 sessions. A total of 459 (33%) patients completed screening, 622 (45%) could not be reached, and 203 (15%) canceled or missed appointments. The proportion of total active patients who were up to date with CCS increased from 68% in March to 73% in August 2021. Survey results indicated high patient satisfaction, and only 42% of patients would have scheduled CCS without outreach.Conclusions:The creation of a validated patient chart list and extra clinical sessions devoted entirely to CCS improved up-to-date CCS rates. However, high rates of unsuccessful outreach and cancelations limited sustainability. This information can be used by other community health centers to optimize clinical workflows for CCS.Funding:All funding was internal from the EBNHC Adult Medicine, Family Medicine, and Women’s Health Departments.
Water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) increases biogas effluent pollutant removal efficacy and proves a positive substrate for renewable energy production
Authors: Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan , Huynh Van Thao , Nguyen Cong Thuan , Kim Lavane , Pham Dan Van 
Published: August 2023

Background
Aquatic plants play a crucial role in nature-based wastewater treatment and provide a promising substrate for renewable energy production using anaerobic digestion (AD) technology. This study aimed to examine the contaminant removal from AD effluent by water lettuce (WL) and produce biogas from WL biomass co-digested with pig dung (PD) in a farm-scale biogas digester.

Methods
The first experiment used styrofoam boxes containing husbandry AD effluent. WLs were initially arranged in 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 0% surface coverage. Each treatment was conducted in five replicates under natural conditions. In the second experiment, WL biomass was co-digested with PD into an existing anaerobic digester to examine biogas production on a farm scale.

Results
Over 30 days, the treatment efficiency of TSS, BOD5, COD, TKN, and TP in the effluent was 93.75–97.66%, 76.63–82.56%, 76.78–82.89%, 61.75–63.75%, and 89.00–89.57%, respectively. Higher WL coverage increased the pollutant elimination potential. The WL biomass doubled after 12 days for all treatments. In the farm-scale biogas production, the biogas yield varied between 190.6 and 292.9 L kg VSadded−1. The methane content reached over 54%.

Conclusions
WL removed AD effluent nutrients effectively through a phytoremediation system and generated significant biomass for renewable energy production in a farm-scale model.
Export Status of Fruits and Vegetables from India
Authors: Parte Jwala , Tripathi Pratiksha , Thingbaijam Laxmi , Patel Mamta , Pandey Sneha 
Published: August 2023

Background: Horticulture export is one of the most promising industries, due to rising global demand and the country's diverse agro-climatic system. During the early 1990s, following post-reform, there was an increase in agricultural commodities export which boosted the Indian economy.
Methods: Secondary time series data of fruits and vegetables (fresh and processed) were collected from APEDA and FAO, the methodologies used were Compound Growth Rate, Instability Index, Revealed Comparative Advantages and Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantages.
Results: Fruit and vegetable importers include the UAE, Bangladesh, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka and others. Fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, processed vegetables and fruits, nuts and juices showed positive and significant growth throughout the study period. Whereas, the import of fresh fruits and vegetables also shows a positive and significant growth rate, because some fruits and vegetables are cheaper to import than produce. Revealed Comparative Advantages show disadvantages in the global market. India has to improve its marketing strategy, and storage facilities and improvise their skills for the production and processing of fruits and vegetables, etc. to emerge as a major exporter of fruits and vegetables.
Microbiological Assessment of Indoor Air Quality in Selected Patient Wards at a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Upula Sylvanus Akpak , Oka Ibiang Arikpo , Ije Uchenna Eze 
Published: August 2023

Aims: Patients are at higher risk of nosocomial infections from pathogenic microbes contaminating the indoor air of hospitals. This study evaluated selected patient wards at University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), for bacterial and fungal contaminants. The study also determined the microbial contamination level when compared to recommended sanitary standards.
Methodology: To determine microbial load, petri-plate gravitational settling method was used. The set-ups were exposed for one hour (at morning and noon) for passive sampling onto growth media plates, in accordance with the 1/1/1 scheme as stipulated by the index of microbial air contamination standard. Petri-plates were subsequently covered with lids and placed in a cold box. Samples were then transported to the laboratory for further evaluation. Sampling was performed in duplicates within three months, and further analysis were conducted based on standard protocols. Mean counts of bacteria and fungi was recorded and expressed as colony forming units (CFU/m3).
Results: Microbial counts in all wards surveyed ranged from ‘intermediate’ to ‘high’ when compared to the sanitary standards of the European Commission for non-industrial premises. However, the counts were within the WHO acceptable sanitary standard (<1000 CFU/m3). Eleven bacterial genera and seven fungal genera were identified. Isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (18.3%), CoNS (6.7%), Bacillus sp (13.3%), Streptococcus spp (6.7%), Corynebacterium sp (1.7%), and Micrococcus sp (1.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15%), Escherichia coli (10%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10%), Acinetobacter baumannii (8.3%), Salmonella sp (5%) and Enterobacter sp (3.3%). Conversely, isolated fungal contaminants were A. niger (25.9%), A. flavus (20.4%), Penicillium sp (16.7%), Candida sp (9.3%), Rhizopus sp (3.7%), Mucor sp (7.4%), Cladosporium sp (14.8%), and Fusarium sp (1.9%).
Conclusion: Regular monitoring of indoor air quality in health-care settings is encouraged to effectively guide infection prevention and control strategies and to limit nosocomial infections occurrence.
Economic Impact of Wheat Sowing Through Zero Tillage Technique against Broadcasting under Hot Sub-humid (Moist) Eco-Region Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Meena Kamlesh , Srivastava Rajneesh , Rai Ajay Kumar , Singh Shamsher , Tiwari Ajay , Singh Neeraj 
Published: August 2023

Aims: The production of cost of wheat is higher in farmers practice than the zero tillage sown of wheat due to non-adoption of recommended resource conservation technology, high-yielding varieties and advanced technologies by the farming community in the eastern plains of Uttar Pradesh. To replace this anomalous, we conducted 204 front-line demonstrations (FLDs) at farmers' fields in various adopted villages by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Deoria.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out by the Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Malhana, Deoria, under the Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, UP. A total of 90, 12 and 50 FLDs were conducted under raised bed sowing with three varieties of pigeon pea ( Narendra Arhar 1, Pusa Bahar and Narendra Arhar 2) from 2014-15 to 2018-19 respectively.
Methodology: Prior findings were examined to identify any gaps and to enlist everyone's assistance in disseminating such a technology of global relevance. In the eight years from 2011–12 to 2018–19, a total of 204 FLDs were carried out at the 230 farmer’s fields in the 32 villages where wheat was sown by zero tillage
Result: Rice-wheat cropping systems are the most often used agricultural method in Uttar Pradesh, India's hot, sub-humid (wet) eco-region. It provides farmers and agricultural labourers with a source of subsistence and revenue and is a crucial aspect of the region's infrastructure for food safety. In order to attain sustainable yield, it is always thought necessary to employ other alternatives of conserving essential inputs by adopting resources conservative techniques (RCT), such as zero tillage and broad bed furrow (BBF). According to the economic analysis of the data presented in the current study, zero tillage wheat farming is the most cost-effective and appealing alternative for the agricultural community of eastern Uttar Pradesh. When compared to the broadcasting method, the zero tillage technique yielded a higher return and a lower cost of cultivation per acre. Finally, the use of this strategy raises farmers' net returns, improves their social standing, living conditions, livelihood, and ultimately reduces poverty in the farming community.
Conclusions: The new approach lowers production costs while producing equivalent wheat yields to other methods, which leads to higher net returns. Farmers in the area have begun to appreciate the technology's reduced tillage costs. Rice-wheat is the prevalent farming system practiced by the majority of farmers in the region. In the future, the prospect of extending the method to sow wheat after other crops should be investigated.
Influence of Liquid Organic Manure on Growth and Yield of Field Pea
Authors: Kumar Ghanapuram Tharun , Singh Vikram , George Shruti Grace 
Published: August 2023

During Rabi season 2022 A field trial was laid at Crop Research Farm (CRF), Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), formerly Allahabad Agricultural Institute, Prayagraj (UP) to study the Influence of liquid organic manure on growth and yield of Field pea. The experiment was arranged as nine treatments replicated thrice in Randomized Block Design. The treatment combination of Jeevamrutha (500 l/ha) + Spraying at interval of 7 days observed maximum plant height (97.87 cm), plant dry weight (31.54 g), number of pods/plant (21.97) and number of seeds/pod (4.95) seed yield (2.88 t/ha), and stover yield (4.91 t/ha) of Field pea as related to other treatments. Highest Gross return (INR 167040.00 /ha), Net return (INR 110640.0 /ha) and B: C ratio (1.96) were observed in treatment combination Jeevamrutha (500 l/ha) + Spraying at interval of 7 days as compared to other treatments.
Overview of medical physics education and research programs in a non‐academic environment
Authors: Fagerstrom Jessica M. , Brown Thomas A. D. , Kaurin Darryl G. L. , Mahendra Saikanth , Zaini M. Miron 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNorthwest Medical Physics Center (NMPC) is a nonprofit organization that provides clinical physics support to over 35 radiation therapy facilities concentrated in the Pacific Northwest. Although clinical service is the primary function of NMPC, the diverse array of clinical sites and physics expertise has allowed for the establishment of structured education and research programs, which are complementary to the organization's clinical mission. Three clinical training programs have been developed at NMPC: a therapy medical physics residency program accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Medical Physics Education Programs (CAMPEP), an Applied Physics Technologist (APT) program, and a summer undergraduate internship program. A partnership has also been established with a major radiation oncology clinical vendor for the purposes of validating and testing new clinical devices across multiple facilities. These programs are managed by a dedicated education and research team at NMPC, made up of four qualified medical physicists (QMPs). The education and research work has made a significant contribution to the organization's clinical mission, and it has provided new training opportunities for early‐career physicists across many different clinical environments. Education and research can be incorporated into nonacademic clinical environments, improving the quality of patient care, and increasing the number and type of training opportunities available for medical physicists.
Muscle activity during crouched walking
Authors: Hora Martin , Struška Michal , Matějovská Zuzana , Kubový Petr , Sládek Vladimír 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesMuscle activity during crouched walking has been previously studied in the context of the evolution of hominin bipedalism and human movement disorders. However, crouched walking could also be used in approach hunting where postural height (actual height of the body from the ground to the top of the head during locomotion) is the limiting factor. Here, we aim to analyze the relationship between relative postural height (%stature), kinematics, and muscle activity during crouched walking.Materials and MethodsAdult males (n = 19) walked with extended limbs and at three degrees of crouch while their 3D motion capture kinematics and lower limb muscle electromyography were recorded. We measured activation of tibialis anterior, soleus, gastrocnemius medialis, gastrocnemius lateralis, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and gluteus maximus. We analyzed the effects of postural height on kinematics and muscle activation using linear mixed effects model.ResultsFlexion angles, individual muscle activation (except for medial gastrocnemius), and total muscle activation were negatively related to relative postural height, that is, were greater at more crouched postures. Relative postural height had a stronger effect on the activation of the thigh and gluteal muscles compared to shank muscles.DiscussionGeneral increase in lower limb muscle activation at lower postural heights suggests a negative relationship between relative postural height and fatigue, and may indicate a possible mechanism by which short stature could benefit the hunter in approach hunting. Greater activation of thigh and gluteal muscles relative to shank muscles may help to identify crouched walking in past human populations.
On‐Surface Synthesis and Characterization of a High‐Spin Aza‐[5]‐Triangulene
Authors: Vilas‐Varela Manuel , Romero‐Lara Francisco , Vegliante Alessio , Calupitan Jan Patrick , Martínez Adrián , Meyer Lorenz , Uriarte‐Amiano Unai , Friedrich Niklas , Wang Dongfei , Schulz Fabian , Koval Natalia E. , Sandoval‐Salinas María E. , Casanova David , Corso Martina , Artacho Emilio , Peña Diego , Pascual José Ignacio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTriangulenes are a class of open‐shell triangular graphene flakes with total spin increasing with their size. In the last years, on‐surface‐synthesis strategies have permitted fabricating and engineering triangulenes of various sizes and structures with atomic precision. However, direct proof of the increasing total spin with their size remains elusive. In this work, we report the combined in‐solution and on‐surface synthesis of a large nitrogen‐doped triangulene (aza‐[5]‐triangulene) on a Au(111) surface, and the detection of its high‐spin ground state. Bond‐resolved scanning tunneling microscopy images uncovered radical states distributed along the zigzag edges, which were detected as weak zero‐bias resonances in scanning tunneling spectra. These spectral features reveal the partial Kondo screening of a high‐spin state. Through a combination of several simulation tools, we find that the observed distribution of radical states is explained by a quintet ground state (S=2), instead of the quartet state (S=3/2) expected for the neutral species. This confirms that electron transfer to the metal substrate raises the spin of the ground state. We further provide a qualitative description of the change of (anti)aromaticity introduced by N‐substitution, and its role in the charge stabilization on a surface, resulting in an S=2 aza‐triangulene on Au(111).
Enhancing Circularly Polarized Phosphorescence via Integrated Top‐Down and Bottom‐Up Approach
Authors: Park Gyurim , Jeong Dong Yeon , Yu Seung Yeon , Park Jong Jin , Kim Jong H. , Yang Hoichang , You Youngmin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the dynamic domain of chiroptical technologies, it is imperative to engineer emitters endowed with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) properties. This research demonstrates an advancement by employing a combined top‐down and bottom‐up strategy for the simultaneous amplification of photoluminescence quantum yield (Φ) and the luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum). Square‐planar Pt(II) complexes form helical assemblies, driven by torsional strain induced by bis(nonyl) chains. Integration of chiral anions leads these assemblies to prefer distinct helical sense. This arrangement activates the metal‐metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MMLCT) transition that is CPL‐active, with Φ and |glum| observing an upswing contingent on the charge number and aryl substituents in chiral anions. Utilizing the soft‐lithographic micromolding in capillaries technique, we could fabricate exquisitely‐ordered, one‐dimensional co‐assemblies to achieve the metrics to Φ of 0.32 and |glum| of 0.13. Finally, our spectroscopic research elucidates the underlying mechanism for the dual amplification, making a significant stride in the advancement of CPL‐active emitters.
New insights into tailoring physicochemical properties for optimizing the anti‐icing behavior of polyurethane coatings
Authors: Bakhshandeh Ehsan , Sobhani Sarah , Jafari Reza , Momen Gelareh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe most popular topcoat in the coatings industry, polyurethane (PU), still lacks an understanding of ice‐related phenomena and hence achieving an icephobic PU‐based coating has remained an important unresolved issue. This work presents fresh perspectives on how factors including chemical characteristics, cross‐link density, and mechanical characterization impact the anti‐icing capabilities and ice‐adhesion of PU coatings. In this regard, the effects of the of aforementioned coatings having various crosslink densities on wettability, ice formation, and ice adhesion were assessed via multiple approaches. Two acrylic polyols with different hydroxyl content and two commonly used aliphatic polyisocyanates with different %NCOs were utilized to fabricate the PU coatings. In addition, coatings were designed with different stoichiometric ratios providing a route to various crosslink densities and mechanical properties. Wettability characteristics were investigated using water contact angle, contact angle hysteresis, and sliding angle. The roles of urethane linkages and hydrogen‐bond formation between water molecules and urethane composition of PU coatings on ice nucleation and ice adhesion were studied through DSC, push‐off, and centrifugal tests. Mechanical characteristics and surface roughness of the coatings were investigated by tensile test and optical profilometer, respectively.
4D‐CT deformable image registration using unsupervised recursive cascaded full‐resolution residual networks
Authors: Xu Lei , Jiang Ping , Tsui Tiffany , Liu Junyan , Zhang Xiping , Yu Lequan , Niu Tianye 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA novel recursive cascaded full‐resolution residual network (RCFRR‐Net) for abdominal four‐dimensional computed tomography (4D‐CT) image registration was proposed. The entire network was end‐to‐end and trained in the unsupervised approach, which meant that the deformation vector field, which presented the ground truth, was not needed during training. The network was designed by cascading three full‐resolution residual subnetworks with different architectures. The training loss consisted of the image similarity loss and the deformation vector field regularization loss, which were calculated based on the final warped image and the fixed image, allowing all cascades to be trained jointly and perform the progressive registration cooperatively. Extensive network testing was conducted using diverse datasets, including an internal 4D‐CT dataset, a public DIRLAB 4D‐CT dataset, and a 4D cone‐beam CT (4D‐CBCT) dataset. Compared with the iteration‐based demon method and two deep learning‐based methods (VoxelMorph and recursive cascaded network), the RCFRR‐Net achieved consistent and significant gains, which demonstrated that the proposed method had superior performance and generalization capability in medical image registration. The proposed RCFRR‐Net was a promising tool for various clinical applications.