bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Science and sequestration for sustainability: more green space; more carbon free earth
Authors: Malik Tariq H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhile science and technology are increasing globally, environmental quality is degrading. Ideally, the increase in science productivity should decrease carbon emission; instead, carbon emissions have rapidly increased, fuelling the vicious cycle. This essay tackles this dilemma with three points based on descriptive evidence. The first point reveals that the science output has increased, carbon emissions have amplified, and agricultural productivity has decreased. The second point explicates the potential causes, showing that forest erosion has reduced the green space in the world. The erosion of green space in the world has an adverse correlation with carbon emissions and low agricultural productivity. Although science generates innovative technologies to reduce carbon emissions, which is a product of the far future, the already emitted carbon requires immediate attention and solution. We propose greening the land (foresting) can sequester carbons (Sequestration: the process of green plans absorbing carbon and producing oxygen into the atmosphere), which has multiple merits. Greening space sequesters carbon in the air and increases oxygen for sustainability, and tree plantation can produce commercial products—wood in construction and usage in an institutionalised market. The free market has neglected the depleting forests and green spaces worldwide and the institutionalised market (for example, a% of the wood in the house construction should replace steel/concrete). This institutionalised supply and demand have the potential to transform the vicious cycle into a virtuous cycle. Hence, this essay addresses these three points to highlight that the current state of affairs is not working, shrinking forest/green space reflects underlying causes, and it requires an institutionalised market solution for the input and output of foresting.
Arterial Occlusion Effectiveness of Space Blanket‒Improvised Tourniquets for the Remote Setting
Authors: Salchner Hannah , Isser Markus , Banyai Lukas , Schachner Thomas , Wiedermann Franz J. , Lederer Wolfgang 
Published: April 2023

Introduction Control of severe extremity hemorrhage by tourniquet can save lives. In remote areas or in mass casualty incidents with multiple severely bleeding victims, lack of conventional tourniquets may make it necessary to improvise tourniquets. Methods Occlusion of the radial artery and delayed onset of capillary refill time resulting from windlass-type tourniquets were experimentally investigated by comparing a commercial tourniquet and a space blanket‒improvised tourniquet with a carabiner as a rod. This observational study was conducted on healthy volunteers in optimal application circumstances. Results Operator-applied Combat Application Tourniquets were deployed more swiftly (27 s, 95% CI: 25.7–30.2 vs 94 s, 95% CI: 81.7–114.4) and achieved 100% complete radial occlusion compared with improvised tourniquets, as assessed by Doppler sonography ( P<0.001). When space blanket‒improvised tourniquets were used, traces of radial perfusion persisted in 48% of the applications. In Combat Application Tourniquets, capillary refill times were significantly delayed (7 s, 95% CI: 6.0–8.2 vs 5 s, 95% CI: 3.9–6.3) compared with those when using improvised tourniquets ( P=0.013). Conclusions Improvised tourniquets should be considered only in dire circumstances with uncontrolled extremity hemorrhage and when no commercial tourniquets are available. Complete arterial occlusion was achieved in only half of the applications using a space blanket‒improvised tourniquet when a carabiner was used as a windlass rod. The speed of application was inferior to that for Combat Application Tourniquets. Similar to Combat Action Tourniquets, the correct assembly and application of space blanket‒improvised tourniquets on upper and lower extremities have to be trained. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: BASG No.: 13370800/15451670
Providing value to patients and providers via a pediatric statewide antibiogram in South Carolina
Authors: Bailey Pamela , Antosz Kayla , Daniels Robert , Gainey Andrew B. , Burch Anna Kathryn 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective:
Antimicrobial stewardship has special challenges in particular populations and facilities, including pediatrics. We sought to augment the information available to antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) by created a cumulative statewide antibiogram for neonatal and pediatric populations.

Methods:
In the Antimicrobial Stewardship Collaborative of South Carolina (ASC-SC), we created statewide antibiograms, including a separate antibiogram accounting for the pediatric and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) populations. We collated data from the 4 pediatric and 3 NICU facilities in the state to provide a cumulative statewide antibiogram.

Results:
Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus was more prevalent than methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter koserii, and Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated in only 1 NICU.

Conclusions:
These antibiograms should improve empiric prescribing in both the inpatient and outpatient setting, providing data in some areas that historically do not have pediatric antibiogram to inform prescribing. The antibiogram alone is not sufficient independently to improve prescribing but is one important aspect of stewardship in the pediatric population of South Carolina.
72 Establishing a histologically defined NAFLD cohort in the Million Veteran Program for further genetic analyses
Authors: Mukherjee Samiran , Vujkovic Marijana , Chang Kyong-Mi 
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Research in Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Genetics is ongoing. In this project, we aim to: 1.Identify and describe a histological NAFLD Cohort in the MVP Biobank by extracting liver biopsy proven NAFLD patients using natural language processing (NLP) 2.Confirm previously defined NALFD genetic loci (via look up-GWAS) in the histological NLP cohort METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We will utilize the Million Veteran Program Biobank where a total of 10,959 subjects have been identified using liver biopsy reports in the EMR via CPT codes. Cases will be based on i) steatosis, steatohepatitis, inflammation or fibrosis in liver biopsy reports with ii) exclusion of other causes of liver disease. Controls will be comprised of the general VA population. In collaboration with the Applied NLP and Precision Medicine groups at the VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure(VINCI); we will attempt to create and validate a histological cohort of NAFLD in the MVP database by: 1)Annotation of biopsy reports for the NLP algorithm 2)Automation/training of the NLP algorithm We will then perform a multi-ancestry genetic lookup of previously established genetic loci among the cases identified. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Recently published data: the MVP NAFLD research led by Dr. Chang and Dr. Vujkovic had first validated a proxy NAFLD phenotype based on chronic alanine aminotransferase elevation (cALT). A GWAS was then performed using this phenotype which revealed 77 loci of genome-wide significance including 10 established NAFLD- and 52 ALT-associated SNPs were identified. Replication in external Liver Biopsy and Imaging Cohorts validated 17 SNPs of which 9 were novel. Preliminary data on Liver Biopsy reports: Using CPT codes for Liver Biopsy we estimated a total of 10,959 unique patients and 18,812 notes in the MVP biobank. We anticipate 2,000-3,000 NAFLD cases (based on the prevalence of NAFLD in the general population). Initial review reveals 90% concordance between analysts for the purposes of developing an NLP. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: NAFLD is a major cause for morbidity and mortality in liver disease. Gold standard for diagnosis is based on biopsy. GWAS studies with biopsy proven phenotypes are limited. The study will aim to isolate a histologically defined NAFLD cohort in MVP to conduct further GWAS that can provide new clinically relevant knowledge for future research.Contemporary Research Challenges
Open data as an anticorruption tool? Using distributed cognition to understand breakdowns in the creation of transparency data
Authors: Martinez Tatiana M. , Whitley Edgar A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOne of the drivers for pushing for open data as a form of corruption control stems from the belief that in making government operations more transparent, it would be possible to hold public officials accountable for how public resources are spent. These large datasets would then be open to the public for scrutiny and analysis, resulting in lower levels of corruption. Though data quality has been largely studied and many advancements have been made, it has not been extensively applied to open data, with some aspects of data quality receiving more attention than others. One key aspect however—accuracy—seems to have been overlooked. This gap resulted in our inquiry: how is accurate open data produced and how might breakdowns in this process introduce opportunities for corruption? We study a government agency situated within the Brazilian Federal Government in order to understand in what ways is accuracy compromised. Adopting a distributed cognition (DCog) theoretical framework, we found that the production of open data is not a neutral activity, instead it is a distributed process performed by individuals and artifacts. This distributed cognitive process creates opportunities for data to be concealed and misrepresented. Two models mapping data production were generated, the combination of which provided an insight into how cognitive processes are distributed, how data flow, are transformed, stored, and processed, and what instances provide opportunities for data inaccuracies and misrepresentations to occur. The results obtained have the potential to aid policymakers in improving data accuracy.
“Not Even the Highest Wall Can Stop AIDS”: Expertise and Viral Politics at the German-German Border
Authors: Folland Johanna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article explores East German responses to HIV/AIDS and the emergence of sex as a site of border insecurity in the imagination of the East German state in the mid-1980s. Existing histories often dismiss the East German response to HIV/AIDS as ineffective or negligible on account of its illiberalism and insularity. These narratives, however, ignore the tense debates and wide variety of state and activist responses to the AIDS epidemic that developed within the GDR over the course of its final decade. I argue that as scientists and health officials sought to integrate East German institutions into the “global AIDS community,” the specter of African sexuality loomed larger in their characterizations of this epidemiological threat (notably, in ways that do not neatly correlate with rates of HIV prevalence in the GDR). Explanations of East German AIDS policy should therefore focus less on the GDR's illiberalism and more on its liberalization—that is, its entrance in the mid-1980s into a global moral economy of AIDS that elided and disincentivized socialist commitments to the Global South.
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with increased engagement of frontal brain regions across multiple event-related potentials
Authors: Perera M. Prabhavi N. , Mallawaarachchi Sudaraka , Bailey Neil W. , Murphy Oscar W. , Fitzgerald Paul B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric condition leading to significant distress and poor quality of life. Successful treatment of OCD is restricted by the limited knowledge about its pathophysiology. This study aimed to investigate the pathophysiology of OCD using electroencephalographic (EEG) event-related potentials (ERPs), elicited from multiple tasks to characterise disorder-related differences in underlying brain activity across multiple neural processes.MethodsERP data were obtained from 25 OCD patients and 27 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) by recording EEG during flanker and go/nogo tasks. Error-related negativity (ERN) was elicited by the flanker task, while N200 and P300 were generated using the go/nogo task. Primary comparisons of the neural response amplitudes and the topographical distribution of neural activity were conducted using scalp field differences across all time points and electrodes.ResultsCompared to HCs, the OCD group showed altered ERP distributions. Contrasting with the previous literature on ERN and N200 topographies in OCD where fronto-central negative voltages were reported, we detected positive voltages. Additionally, the P300 was found to be less negative in the frontal regions. None of these ERP findings were associated with OCD symptom severity.ConclusionsThese results indicate that individuals with OCD show altered frontal neural activity across multiple executive function-related processes, supporting the frontal dysfunction theory of OCD. Furthermore, due to the lack of association between altered ERPs and OCD symptom severity, they may be considered potential candidate endophenotypes for OCD.
Critical junctures as complex processes: examining mechanisms of policy change and path dependence in the Canadian pandemic response to homelessness
Authors: Kopec Anna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPolicy change is not an instantaneous or linear process. In fact, change includes several mechanisms working in tandem and even against one another. This article examines the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on homelessness policy in Canada. In a sector that is already plagued with emergency responses – rather than long-term solutions – the pandemic has initiated a critical juncture where policy change is possible, but not guaranteed. Although the existing failures to alleviate homelessness in Canada make policy failings even more obvious, aspects of the pre-existing Canadian response to homelessness negate change. The pandemic, however, has led to temporary solutions and created a setting where long-term change is possible. Using over 150 primary sources, this article analyses mechanisms of change and path dependence in the pandemic response to homelessness. The presence of such mechanisms is tested in three major Canadian cities.
Inequities in COVID-19 Omicron infections and hospitalisations for Māori and Pacific people in Te Manawa Taki Midland region, New Zealand
Authors: Whitehead Jesse , Gan Han , Heerikhuisen Jacob , Gray George , Richardson Trevor , Brown Paul , Lawrenson Ross 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCOVID-19 impacts population health equity. While mRNA vaccines protect against serious illness and death, little New Zealand (NZ) data exist about the impact of Omicron – and the effectiveness of vaccination – on different population groups. We aim to examine the impact of Omicron on Māori, Pacific, and Other ethnicities and how this interacts with age and vaccination status in the Te Manawa Taki Midland region of NZ. Daily COVID-19 infection and hospitalisation rates (1 February 2022 to 29 June 2022) were calculated for Māori, Pacific, and Other ethnicities for six age bands. A multivariate logistic regression model quantified the effects of ethnicity, age, and vaccination on hospitalisation rates. Per-capita Omicron cases were highest and occurred earliest among Pacific (9 per 1,000) and Māori (5 per 1,000) people and were highest among 12–24-year-olds (7 per 1,000). Hospitalisation was significantly more likely for Māori people (odds ratio (OR) = 2.03), Pacific people (OR = 1.75), over 75-year-olds (OR = 39.22), and unvaccinated people (OR = 4.64). Length of hospitalisation is strongly related to age. COVID-19 vaccination reduces hospitalisations for older individuals and Māori and Pacific populations. Omicron inequitably impacted Māori and Pacific people through higher per-capita infection and hospitalisation rates. Older people are more likely to be hospitalised and for longer.
Protective effects of polydatin against bone and joint disorders: thein vitroandin vivoevidence so far
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Sun Zhicheng , Jia Runze , Jiang Dingyu , Xu Zhenchao , Zhang Yilu , Wu Yun-Qi , Wang Xiyang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPolydatin is an active polyphenol displaying multifaceted benefits. Recently, growing studies have noticed its potential therapeutic effects on bone and joint disorders (BJDs). Therefore, this article reviews recentin vivoandin vitroprogress on the protective role of polydatin against BJDs. An insight into the underlying mechanisms is also presented. It was found that polydatin could promote osteogenesisin vitro, and symptom improvements have been disclosed with animal models of osteoporosis, osteosarcoma, osteoarthritis and rheumatic arthritis. These beneficial effects obtained in laboratory could be mainly attributed to the bone metabolism-regulating, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, apoptosis-regulating and autophagy-regulating functions of polydatin. However, studies on human subjects with BJDs that can lead to early identification of the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of polydatin have not been reported yet. Accordingly, this review serves as a starting point for pursuing clinical trials. Additionally, future emphasis should also be devoted to the low bioavailability and prompt metabolism nature of polydatin. In summary, well-designed clinical trials of polydatin in patients with BJD are in demand, and its pharmacokinetic nature must be taken into account.
Using acoustic recording units to investigate the effects of logging of indigenous trees in the Amathole forests, South Africa on Cape Parrot Poicephalus robustus breeding and the presence of three primary cavity-excavating bird species
Authors: Rea Matthew , Elliot Julia , Carstens Johann C. , Leaver Jessica , Carstens Kate , Wimberger Kirsten , Cherry Michael I. 
Published: April 2023

Summary
The Amathole forest complex is the breeding stronghold of the endemic and vulnerable Cape Parrot Poicephalus robustus, and is also one of only two forest complexes in South Africa formally harvested for timber. The aim of this study was to determine if formal harvesting of indigenous trees, primarily the two yellowwood species Afrocarpus falcatus and Podocarpus latifolius, in 9 of 16 Amathole forests has had any effect on the presence of Cape Parrots and three primary nest-excavating species, as well as on parrot breeding. The study used logging data from the past 25 years (1997–2021) as well as data collected by acoustic recording units over two breeding seasons from 2019 to 2021. Cape Parrots were present in 15 of 16 forests, but breeding calls were identified in only seven forests: five in logged and two in unlogged forests. Fourteen of the forests harboured all three primary excavators: Knysna Woodpecker Campethera notata, Olive Woodpecker Dendropicos griseocephalus, and Red-fronted Tinkerbird Pogoniulus pusillus. The last two species were absent from the adjacent Mount Thomas and Kologha forests, respectively, in which parrots were present, but no breeding calls were recorded. Logging of yellowwoods was not found to affect parrot breeding. However, due to the overlap between preferred parrot breeding sites and preferred trees for harvesting, we recommend that harvesting in the five harvested forest blocks where parrot breeding occurs be limited to tree falls, with no standing dead, dying, or damaged trees harvested, to ensure that potential nesting trees are not harvested.
Food self-provisioning: a review of health and climate implications
Authors: Suomalainen Milla , Hohenthal Johanna , Pyysiäinen Jarkko , Ruuska Toni , Rinkinen Jenny , Heikkurinen Pasi 
Published: April 2023

Non-technical summary
The industrial food system is widely considered to be unsustainable due to its undesired climate and health effects. One proposed alternative to these problems is a more local system of food provisioning. This means involving individuals, households, and communities in growing and acquiring edibles, like vegetables and other food stuff. This study based on a literature review found that food self-provisioning practitioners are mainly driven by health concerns and less by reasoning linked to the environment, like climate change adaptation and mitigation. We propose that the potential of food self-provisioning is underutilised in developing the sustainability of food systems.

Technical summary
In this article, we review and analyse the literature and concept of ‘food self-provisioning’ in order to understand its potential as a response to contemporary challenges. The focus of the study is on investigating the meanings related to environmental problems, particularly climate change, and issues of health. Firstly, we show how food self-provisioning is conceptualised vis-à-vis health and the environment; and secondly, what the (potential) implications of food self-provisioning to interlinked human and non-human health and beyond are. Based on the conducted literature review (n = 44), meanings of food self-provisioning are found to connect primarily to issues of human health and only secondarily to environmental questions, and even more marginally to climate change mitigation and adaptation. Our analysis cuts across the scales of households, communities, cities, and regions, including their diverse geographies, and hereby also comments on the questions of multilevel organising of self-provisioning, and what the notion of ‘self’ implies in this context.

Social media summary
The potential of food self-provisioning is underutilised in developing the sustainability of food systems.
Towards a global sustainable development agenda built on social–ecological resilience
Authors: Scown Murray W. , Craig Robin K. , Allen Craig R. , Gunderson Lance , Angeler David G. , Garcia Jorge H. , Garmestani Ahjond 
Published: April 2023

Non-technical summary
The United Nations' sustainable development goals (SDGs) articulate societal aspirations for people and our planet. Many scientists have criticised the SDGs and some have suggested that a better understanding of the complex interactions between society and the environment should underpin the next global development agenda. We further this discussion through the theory of social–ecological resilience, which emphasises the ability of systems to absorb, adapt, and transform in the face of change. We determine the strengths of the current SDGs, which should form a basis for the next agenda, and identify key gaps that should be filled.

Technical summary
The United Nations' sustainable development goals (SDGs) are past their halfway point and the next global development agenda will soon need to be developed. While laudable, the SDGs have received strong criticism from many, and scholars have proposed that adopting complex adaptive or social–ecological system approaches would increase the effectiveness of the agenda. Here we dive deeper into these discussions to explore how the theory of social–ecological resilience could serve as a strong foundation for the next global sustainable development agenda. We identify the strengths and weaknesses of the current SDGs by determining which of the 169 targets address each of 43 factors affecting social–ecological resilience that we have compiled from the literature. The SDGs with the strongest connections to social–ecological resilience are the environment-focus goals (SDGs 2, 6, 13, 14, 15), which are also the goals consistently under-prioritised in the implementation of the current agenda. In terms of the 43 factors affecting social–ecological resilience, the SDG strengths lie in their communication, inclusive decision making, financial support, regulatory incentives, economic diversity, and transparency in governance and law. On the contrary, ecological factors of resilience are seriously lacking in the SDGs, particularly with regards to scale, cross-scale interactions, and non-stationarity.

Social media summary
The post-2030 agenda should build on strengths of SDGs 2, 6, 13, 14, 15, and fill gaps in scale, variability, and feedbacks.