bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of thermal conditions on gestating sows’ behaviors and energy requirements
Authors: Abarnou Justine , Durand Maëva , Dourmad Jean-Yves , Gaillard Charlotte 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Room temperature and individual behavior may influence the energy requirements of gestating sows. These factors are not yet integrated on a daily and individual basis in the calculation of these requirements. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of temperatures on the sows’ behaviors, especially on the level of physical activity, and on the energy requirements of gestating sows. Over four consecutive weeks, the temperature of two gestation rooms was maintained at medium temperatures (16.7 °C and 18.5 °C, respectively, for room 1 and room 2) for the first and third week, at low temperatures (14.4 °C and 15.3 °C) for the second week, and at high temperatures (31.6 °C and 31.9 °C) for the fourth week. Individual behavior was manually recorded based on videos and the data used to estimate the physical activity and social interactions of 37 gestating sows separated into two groups. The videos were analyzed over two periods of 5 h (“Feeding period” from 2300 to 0400 hours, “Resting period” from 1330 to 1830 hours). The energy requirements were calculated by the InraPorc model, modified for gestating sows, on the basis of a thermo-neutral situation and an average activity of 4 h standing per day for all the sows. The sows of one group were less active in high than low temperatures (83 vs. 103 min standing or walking over 5 h, P &lt; 0.001). Isolation for high temperatures or huddling for low temperatures could be observed when sows were lying down. The sows spent more time lying laterally with high temperatures than low temperatures (66% vs. 52% of time spent lying, respectively, P &lt; 0.001). Both groups reacted differently to high temperatures, in one the sows changed their activity (lying more) whereas in the other they drank more water compared to medium temperatures (11 vs. 8.5 L/d, P = 0.01). In one group, with high temperatures the sows were fed above their requirements (they should have received 110 g of feed per day per sow less, P &lt; 0.001) and with low temperatures the same group should have received 50 g/d per sow more to fulfill their requirements. For the second group of sows, the temperatures did not significantly affect the feed requirements. In conclusion, daily ambient temperature and individual physical activity seem to be relevant information to add in nutritional models to improve precision feeding.
eCry3.1Ab-resistant Western Corn Rootworm Larval Midgut Epithelia Respond Minimally to Bt Intoxication
Authors: Paddock Kyle J , Dellamano Kyle , Hibbard Bruce E , Shelby Kent S 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInsect resistance to toxins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a major issue in agriculture. Resistance to Bt has been linked to the loss of toxin binding sites within the insect, changes within the gut microbiota, and midgut tissue regeneration. Histopathological documentation of intoxication and resistance to Bt is lacking for rootworms in the genus Diabrotica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a major target of Bt corn. Here, we document the morphological response of both Bt-resistant and Bt-susceptible larval western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, to intoxication with eCry3.1Ab. Gut lumen structural differences are subtle between the two colonies when feeding on non-Bt corn. However, upon ingestion of Bt-corn roots, susceptible larvae develop symptoms indicative of gut disruption by Bt, whereas resistant larvae incur milder effects. Mild disruption of the peritrophic matrix and gut lumen is accompanied by stem cell proliferation that may lead to midgut tissue regeneration. These results help contextualize the multifaceted nature of Bt-resistance in western corn rootworm for the first time from a histopathological perspective.
The Strategic Logic of Large Militant Alliance Networks
Authors: Blair Christopher W , Potter Philip B K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Ideological and operational credibility are essential to the success of transnational terrorist organizations. We demonstrate that militant groups can leverage large alliance networks to bolster their ideological and operational reputations. Organizations can draw on operational capabilities and successes to build international networks that bolster their ideological credibility. Conversely, organizations with reputations for ideological authority can lend it to affiliates, who offer reach into active conflicts, bolstering claims to operational capacity. This logic of comparative advantage suggests that militant alliances can be a strategic response to underlying material or ideological deficits. We illustrate these dynamics through data-driven case studies of al-Qaeda and the Islamic State's cooperative networks.
Management of imported complicated urogenital schistosomiasis in Europe: a TropNet retrospective study
Authors: Basile Gregorio , Tamarozzi Francesca , Salas-Coronas Joaquín , Soriano-Pérez Manuel Jesús , Luzón-García Pilar , Moro Lucia , Antinori Spinello , Arsuaga Marta , Bartoloni Alessandro , Tomasoni Lina Rachele , Gobbi Federico Giovanni , Köhler Carsten , Salvador Fernando , Bocanegra Cristina , Zammarchi Lorenzo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSchistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by trematodes of the genus Schistosoma. Schistosoma haematobium causes urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS), a chronic disease characterized by pathology of the urogenital tract leading to potentially severe morbidity for which the treatment is poorly standardized. We conducted a survey in TropNet centres on the clinical presentations and management strategies of complicated urogenital schistosomiasis (cUGS).MethodsWe reviewed the clinical records of patients seen at TropNet centres over a 20-year timespan (January 2001–December 2020). Case definition for cUGS included the presence of urogenital cancer, obstructive uropathy, kidney insufficiency of all grades and female or male genital involvement leading to infertility. Collected data included demographic information, patient category (traveller or migrant), imaging data, microbiological data (serology results and presence/absence of eggs in urine), histological features and outcome at last visit recorded.ResultsEight centres contributed with at least one case. Overall, 31 patients matched the inclusion criteria. Sub-Saharan Africa was the most likely place of infection for included patients. Median age was 30.6 years (range 21–46, interquartile ranges, IQR 27–33). Most patients (28/31, 90.3%) were males. Hydronephrosis was the most frequent complication, being present in 18 (58.1%) patients, followed by cancer, present in 5 patients (16.1%); 27 patients (87.1%) required surgical management of some sort. Use of praziquantel varied across centres, with six different regimens employed.DiscussionVery few cases of cUGSs were found in our survey, possibly indicating underdiagnosis of this condition. Hydronephrosis was the most frequently observed urogenital complication, and most patients required invasive procedures. Infection by S. haematobium can result in considerable morbidity, resulting in clinically challenging presentations requiring a multidisciplinary approach. As such, development of common protocols for early diagnosis and treatment is urgently needed.
Fractality in Chinese prose
Authors: Liu Jin , Gunn Edward , Youssef Fuad , Tharayil Jacob , Lansford Wyatt , Zeng Ying 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study explores long-range correlations in terms of sentence or segment length variation in Chinese narrative texts and nonfiction prose. (Drożdż et al. 2016, Quantifying origin and character of long-range correlations in narrative texts. Information Sciences, 331 32–44) analyzed Western novels and found fractal patterns, defined as self-similar, wavelet recurrence, and alternation. Inspired by this study, our research tries to determine whether similar patterns commonly exist in Chinese literature and compares the similarities and differences with Western literature. We calculated the Hurst exponent, β-values, and Δα values for ninety-five Chinese novels, ranging historically from late Qing to contemporary Internet novels, covering the geopolitical regions from Mainland China to Taiwan and Hong Kong. We also made comparisons with pre-modern vernacular novels, historical texts in classical Chinese, contemporary nonfiction and expository writings, as well as randomly generated texts. We found that Chinese novels exhibit fractal patterns as well. In particular, the texts exhibit a better fractal quality if the sentence lengths are measured by Chinese characters, instead of words. There is no clear correlation between fractality and cultural–political contexts and individual authors, but historically speaking, modern Chinese texts show stronger long-range correlations than pre-modern texts. Moreover, long-range correlations in Chinese literature are weaker than in Western literature, and there is a lower percentage of novels with multifractal structures. Our data also show that the fractality not only exists in literary texts, but also in nonliterary, non-narrative, and expository writings; yet, there is no long-range correlation in randomly generated texts. We further conclude that fractality is a fundamental feature of prose writing and human writing.
The interpretation of topic models for scholarly analysis: An evaluation and critique of current practice
Authors: Gillings Mathew , Hardie Andrew 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTopic modelling is a method of statistical data mining of a corpus of documents, popular in the digital humanities and, increasingly, in social sciences. A critical methodological issue is how ‘topics’ (groups of co-selected word types) can be interpreted in analytically meaningful terms. In the current literature, this is typically done by ‘eyeballing’; that is, cursory and largely unsystematic examination of the ‘top’ words in each algorithmically identified word group. We critically evaluate this approach in a dual analysis, comparing the ‘eyeballing’ approach with an alternative using sample close reading across the corpus. We used MALLET to extract two topic models from a test corpus: one with stopwords included, another with stopwords excluded. We then used the aforementioned methods to assign labels to these topics. The results suggest that a close-reading approach is more effective not only in level of detail but even in terms of accuracy. In particular, we found that: assigning labels via eyeballing yields incomplete or incorrect topic labels; removing stopwords drastically affects the analysis outcome; topic labelling and interpretation depend considerably on the analysts’ specialist knowledge; and differences of perspective or construal are unlikely to be captured through a topic model. We conclude that an interpretive paradigm founded in close reading may make topic modelling more appealing to humanities researchers.
Creating specialized corpora from digitized historical newspaper archives
Authors: Wilson Black Joshua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe availability of large digital archives of historical newspaper content has transformed the historical sciences. However, the scale of these archives can limit the direct application of advanced text processing methods. Even if it is computationally feasible to apply sophisticated language processing to an entire digital archive, if the material of interest is a small fraction of the archive, the results are unlikely to be useful. Methods for generating smaller specialized corpora from large archives are required to solve this problem. This article presents such a method for historical newspaper archives digitized using the METS/ALTO XML standard (Veridian Software, n.d.). The method is an ‘iterative bootstrapping’ approach in which candidate corpora are evaluated using text mining techniques, items are manually labelled, and Naïve Bayes text classifiers are trained and applied in order to produce new candidate corpora. The method is illustrated by a case study that investigates philosophical content, broadly construed, in pre-1900 English-language New Zealand newspapers. Extensive code is provided in Supplementary Materials.
The origin of stars in the inner 500 parsecs in TNG50 galaxies
Authors: Boecker Alina , Neumayer Nadine , Pillepich Annalisa , Frankel Neige , Ramesh Rahul , Leaman Ryan , Hernquist Lars 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
We investigate the origin of stars in the innermost 500 pc of galaxies spanning stellar masses of $5\times 10^{8-12}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ at z = 0 using the cosmological magnetohydrodynamical TNG50 simulation. Three different origins of stars comprise galactic centres: (1) in situ (born in the centre), (2) migrated (born elsewhere in the galaxy and ultimately moved to the centre), (3) ex situ (accreted from other galaxies). In situ and migrated stars dominate the central stellar mass budget on average with 73 and 23 per cent, respectively. The ex situ fraction rises above 1 per cent for galaxies $\gtrsim 10^{11}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. Yet, only 9 per cent of all galaxies exhibit no ex situ stars in their centres and the scatter of ex situ mass is significant ($4\!-\!6\, \mathrm{dex}$). Migrated stars predominantly originate closely from the centre ($1\!-\!2\, \mathrm{kpc}$), but if they travelled together in clumps distances reach $\sim \! 10\, \mathrm{kpc}$. Central and satellite galaxies possess similar amounts and origins of central stars. Star-forming galaxies ($\gtrsim 10^{10}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$) have on average more ex situ mass in their centres than quenched ones. We predict readily observable stellar population and dynamical properties: (1) migrated stars are distinctly young ($\sim \! 2\, \mathrm{Gyr}$) and rotationally supported, especially for Milky Way-mass galaxies, (2) in situ stars are most metal-rich and older than migrated stars, (3) ex situ stars are on random motion dominated orbits and typically the oldest, most metal-poor and α-enhanced population. We demonstrate that the interaction history with other galaxies leads to diverse pathways of building up galaxy centres in a Lambda cold dak matter universe. Our work highlights the necessity for cosmological context in formation scenarios of central galactic components and the potential to use galaxy centres as tracers of overall galaxy assembly.
Interfering with nucleotide excision by the coronavirus 3′-to-5′ exoribonuclease
Authors: Chinthapatla Rukesh , Sotoudegan Mohamad , Srivastava Pankaj , Anderson Thomas K , Moustafa Ibrahim M , Passow Kellan T , Kennelly Samantha A , Moorthy Ramkumar , Dulin David , Feng Joy Y , Harki Daniel A , Kirchdoerfer Robert N , Cameron Craig E , Arnold Jamie J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Some of the most efficacious antiviral therapeutics are ribonucleos(t)ide analogs. The presence of a 3′-to-5′ proofreading exoribonuclease (ExoN) in coronaviruses diminishes the potency of many ribonucleotide analogs. The ability to interfere with ExoN activity will create new possibilities for control of SARS-CoV-2 infection. ExoN is formed by a 1:1 complex of nsp14 and nsp10 proteins. We have purified and characterized ExoN using a robust, quantitative system that reveals determinants of specificity and efficiency of hydrolysis. Double-stranded RNA is preferred over single-stranded RNA. Nucleotide excision is distributive, with only one or two nucleotides hydrolyzed in a single binding event. The composition of the terminal basepair modulates excision. A stalled SARS-CoV-2 replicase in complex with either correctly or incorrectly terminated products prevents excision, suggesting that a mispaired end is insufficient to displace the replicase. Finally, we have discovered several modifications to the 3′-RNA terminus that interfere with or block ExoN-catalyzed excision. While a 3′-OH facilitates hydrolysis of a nucleotide with a normal ribose configuration, this substituent is not required for a nucleotide with a planar ribose configuration such as that present in the antiviral nucleotide produced by viperin. Design of ExoN-resistant, antiviral ribonucleotides should be feasible.
Telomerase RNA in Hymenoptera (Insecta) switched to plant/ciliate-like biogenesis
Authors: Fajkus Petr , Adámik Matej , Nelson Andrew D L , Kilar Agata M , Franek Michal , Bubeník Michal , Frydrychová Radmila Čapková , Votavová Alena , Sýkorová Eva , Fajkus Jiří , Peška Vratislav 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In contrast to the catalytic subunit of telomerase, its RNA subunit (TR) is highly divergent in size, sequence and biogenesis pathways across eukaryotes. Current views on TR evolution assume a common origin of TRs transcribed with RNA polymerase II in Opisthokonta (the supergroup including Animalia and Fungi) and Trypanosomida on one hand, and TRs transcribed with RNA polymerase III under the control of type 3 promoter, found in TSAR and Archaeplastida supergroups (including e.g. ciliates and Viridiplantae taxa, respectively). Here, we focus on unknown TRs in one of the largest Animalia order - Hymenoptera (Arthropoda) with more than 300 available representative genomes. Using a combination of bioinformatic and experimental approaches, we identify their TRs. In contrast to the presumed type of TRs (H/ACA box snoRNAs transcribed with RNA Polymerase II) corresponding to their phylogenetic position, we find here short TRs of the snRNA type, likely transcribed with RNA polymerase III under the control of the type 3 promoter. The newly described insect TRs thus question the hitherto assumed monophyletic origin of TRs across Animalia and point to an evolutionary switch in TR type and biogenesis that was associated with the divergence of Arthropods.
Malignancy risk in kidney transplant recipients exposed to immunosuppression pre-transplant for the treatment of glomerulonephritis
Authors: Massicotte-Azarniouch David , Detwiler Randal K , Hu Yichun , Falk Ronald J , Saha Manish K , Hogan Susan L , Derebail Vimal K 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Kidney transplant patients with glomerulonephritis (GN) as their native disease may receive significant amounts of pre-transplant immunosuppression (PTI), which could increase the risk for development of malignancy post-transplant.

Methods
We conducted a single-center, retrospective study of kidney transplant recipients from January 2005 until May 2020. Patients with GN as their native kidney disease who received PTI for treatment of GN (n = 184) were compared with a control cohort (n = 579) of non-diabetic, non-PTI-receiving kidney transplant patients. We calculated hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for outcomes of first occurrence of solid or hematologic malignancy, non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD).

Results
Over a median follow-up of 5.7 years, PTI for GN was associated with significantly increased risk for malignancy compared with controls [13.0% vs 9.7%, respectively; adjusted HR 1.82 (95% CI 1.10–3.00)], but not for NMSC [10.3% vs 11.4%, respectively; adjusted HR 1.09 (95% CI 0.64–1.83)] or PTLD [3.3% vs 3.1%, respectively; adjusted HR 1.02 (95% CI 0.40–2.61)]. The risk for malignancy was significantly increased in those who received cyclophosphamide [HR 2.59 (95% CI 1.48–4.55)] or rituximab [HR 3.82 (95% CI 1.69–8.65)] pre-transplant, and particularly in those who received both cyclophosphamide and rituximab, but not for calcineurin inhibitors or mycophenolate.

Conclusion
The use of PTI for treatment of GN, especially cyclophosphamide or even with rituximab, is associated with increased risk for development of solid or hematologic malignancy post-transplant. These data highlight potential risks with treatment of GN and underscore the importance of post-transplant malignancy surveillance in this patient population.
Effect of residual kidney function and dialysis adequacy on chronic pruritus in dialysis patients
Authors: Lengton Robin , van der Willik Esmee M , de Rooij Esther N M , Meuleman Yvette , Le Cessie Saskia , Michels Wieneke M , Hemmelder Marc , Dekker Friedo W , Hoogeveen Ellen K ,   for the Netherlands Cooperative Study on the Adequacy of Dialysis-2 (NECOSAD) Study Group
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Chronic kidney disease–associated pruritus (CKD-aP) is common in dialysis patients, and is associated with lower quality of life and increased risk of death. We investigated the association between residual estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), dialysis adequacy or serum phosphate level and CKD-aP in incident dialysis patients.

Methods
A total of 1256 incident hemodialysis (HD) and 670 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients (&gt;18 years) from the Netherlands Cooperative Study on the Adequacy of Dialysis (NECOSAD) study were included (1997–2007) and followed until death, transplantation or a maximum of 10 years. CKD-aP was measured using a single item of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Instrument-36. The associations were studied by logistic and linear regression analyses, adjusted for potential baseline confounders.

Results
At baseline mean (standard deviation) age was 60 (16) years, 62% were men and median (interquartile range) residual eGFR was 3.4 (1.7; 5.3) mL/min/1.73 m2. The prevalence of CKD-aP (∼70%) was similar in HD and PD. It was observed that 12 months after starting dialysis (after multivariable adjustment) each 1 mL/min/1.73 m2 higher residual eGFR, one unit higher total weekly Kt/V, or 1 mmol/L lower serum phosphate level was associated with lower burden of CKD-aP in HD and PD patients of –0.05 (95% CI –0.09; –0.02) and –0.09 (95% CI –0.13; –0.05), –0.15 (95% CI –0.26; –0.05) and –0.35 (95% CI –0.54; –0.16), and of –0.34 (95%CI: –0.51; –0.17) and –0.45 (95%CI: –0.71; –0.19), respectively. We found no association between dialysis Kt/V and CKD-aP.

Conclusions
Higher residual eGFR and lower serum phosphate level, but not the dialysis dose, were related with lower burden of CKD-aP in dialysis patients.
Second Chern crystals with inherently non-trivial topology
Authors: Chen Xiao-Dong , Shi Fu-Long , Liu Jian-Wei , Shen Ke , He Xin-Tao , Chan C T , Chen Wen-Jie , Dong Jian-Wen 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTChern insulators have been generalized to many classical wave systems and thereby lead to many potential applications such as robust waveguides, quantum computation and high-performance lasers. However, the band structure of a material can be either topologically trivial or non-trivial, depending on how the crystal structure is designed. Here, we propose a second Chern crystal in a four-dimensional parameter space by introducing two extra synthetic translation dimensions. Since the topology of the bulk bands in the synthetic translation space is intrinsically non-trivial, our proposed four-dimensional crystal is guaranteed to be topologically non-trivial regardless of the crystal's detailed configuration. We derive the topologically protected modes on the lower dimensional boundaries of such a crystal via dimension reduction. Remarkably, we observe the one-dimensional gapless dislocation modes and confirm their robustness in experiments. Our findings provide novel perspectives on topologically non-trivial crystals and may inspire designs of classical wave devices.