bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of the dissemination of economic, social and environmental information at the university level in the context of commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Flórez‐Parra Jesús Mauricio , López‐Pérez María Victoria , López‐Hernández Antonio Manuel , Arco‐Castro María Lourdes 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the context of universities' commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the paper aims to analyse the factors that influence the degree of information disclosure related to the economic, social, and environmental (ESE) aspects of SDGs. Based on a content analysis of the annual and/or sustainability reports for 2021 and the websites of the top 200 universities in the Shanghai ranking, the results show that the volume of ESE disclosures at universities is associated with gender diversity in the governance team, stakeholder commitment and position in academic and environmental rankings. By taking entities that are global benchmarks, the results make practical and managerial contributions. First, they can serve as a guide to setting policy frameworks for institutions to create procedures to develop their SDG‐compliant actions. Second, the promotion of women's participation on the board and the active presence of stakeholders favour universities' information disclosure policies. Third, the results show that the efforts towards disclosure at the top universities in both academic and environmental rankings are related to legitimising their actions and meeting stakeholders' demands. In addition, this study proposes the development of an index that could help improve the ESE information disclosed by universities, which is currently low, yet some aspects of it, such as economic aspects, are barely covered but essential to ensure sustainability. Finally, the proposed indicators can also serve as a guide for governing bodies' management of SDG‐related aspects.
Creation of a High‐Throughput Microfluidic Platform for Single‐Cell Transcriptome Sequencing of Cell‐Cell Interactions
Authors: Qi Jingyu , Zhu Haibin , Li Yijian , Guan Xiangyu , He Ying , Ren Guanhua , Guo Qiang , Liu Longqi , Gu Ying , Dong Xuan , Liu Ya 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCell‐cell interaction is one of the major modalities for transmitting information between cells and activating the effects of functional cells. However, the construction of high‐throughput analysis technologies from cell omics focusing on the impact of interactions of functional cells on targets has been relatively unexplored. Here, they propose a droplet‐based microfluidic platform for cell‐cell interaction sequencing (c‐c‐seq) and screening in vitro to address this challenge. A class of interacting cells is pre‐labeled using cell molecular tags, and additional single‐cell sequencing reagents are introduced to quickly form functional droplet mixes. Lastly, gene expression analysis is used to deduce the impact of the interaction, while molecular sequence tracing identifies the type of interaction. Research into the active effect between antigen‐presenting cells and T cells, one of the most common cell‐to‐cell interactions, is crucial for the advancement of cancer therapy, particularly T cell receptor‐engineered T cell therapy. As it allows for high throughput, this platform is superior to well plates as a research platform for cell‐to‐cell interactions. When combined with the next generation of sequencing, the platform may be able to more accurately evaluate interactions between epitopes and receptors and verify their functional relevance.
Optimal selection of time windows for preventive maintenance of offshore wind farms subject to wake losses
Authors: Zhang Junqiang , Chowdhury Souma , Zhang Jie , Tong Weiyang , Messac Achille 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe maintenance of wind farms is one of the major factors affecting their profitability. During preventive maintenance, the shutdown of wind turbines causes downtime energy losses. The selection of when and which turbines to maintain can significantly impact the overall downtime energy loss. This paper leverages a wind farm power generation model to calculate downtime energy losses during preventive maintenance for an offshore wind farm. Wake effects are considered to accurately evaluate power output under specific wind conditions. In addition to wind speed and direction, the influence of wake effects is an important factor in selecting time windows for maintenance. To minimize the overall downtime energy loss of an offshore wind farm caused by preventive maintenance, a mixed‐integer nonlinear optimization problem is formulated and solved by the genetic algorithm, which can select the optimal maintenance time windows of each turbine. Weather conditions are imposed as constraints to ensure the safety of maintenance personnel and transportation. Using the climatic data of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, the schedule of preventive maintenance is optimized for a simulated utility‐scale offshore wind farm. The optimized schedule not only reduces the annual downtime energy loss by selecting the maintenance dates when wind speed is low but also decreases the overall influence of wake effects within the farm. The portion of downtime energy loss reduced due to consideration of wake effects each year is up to approximately 0.2% of the annual wind farm energy generation across the case studies—with other stated opportunities for further profitability improvements.
Bioconvection flow of Prandtl–Eyring nanofluid in the presence of gyrotactic microorganisms
Authors: Ullah Zakir , Zaman Gul , Ullah Ikram , Makinde Oluwole Daniel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis work presents a theoretical numerical study of the bioconvection flow of Prandtl–Eyring nanofluid through a stretching cylinder with gyrotactic microorganisms. The mathematical model developed also incorporated the inclined magnetic field and heat generation effects. Further, stratification conditions are considered at the boundary of the stretched cylinder. The described flow problem conducting coupled high‐order partial differential equations (PDEs) is first reduced to the nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by introducing suitable mathematical transformations. The resulting highly nonlinear flow equations are treated numerically by applying the shooting method. A comparison of the adapted method with previously reported data is also made to validate the presented results. The comparisons are in excellent agreement. The individual effect of controlling flow parameters/numbers on the flow profiles and physical quantities of engineering interest are represented graphically with physical descriptions. The significant results of the present analysis revealed that a rise in bioconvection Rayleigh number, thermal Grashof number, and angle of inclination boosts the velocity profile. The study shows that thermal stratification, mass stratification, and motile density stratification parameters diminish the temperature, concentration, and microorganism profiles, respectively. The nondimensional Sherwood number is decelerated significantly by thermophoresis and mass stratification parameters.
Thermal leptogenesis in the minimal gauged $$ \textrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{\mu }-{L}_{\tau }} $$ model
Authors: Granelli A. , Hamaguchi K. , Nagata N. , Ramirez-Quezada M. E. , Wada J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We discuss the thermal leptogenesis mechanism within the minimal gauged $$ \textrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{\mu }-{L}_{\tau }} $$
U

1

L
μ

−

L
τ

model to explain the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe (BAU). In such framework, the phases of the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata neutrino mixing matrix and the sum of the Standard Model neutrino masses are predictable because of a restricted neutrino mass matrix structure. Additionally, in the context of thermal leptogenesis, the BAU can be computed in terms of the three remaining free variables that parameterise the right-handed neutrino masses and their Yukawa couplings to the Higgs and lepton doublets. We identify the ranges of such parameters for which the correct BAU can be reproduced. We adopt the formalism of the density matrix equations to fully account for flavour effects and consider the decays of all the three right-handed neutrinos. Our analysis reveals that thermal leptogenesis is feasible within a wide parameter space, specifically for Yukawa couplings ranging from approximate unity to $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(0.03–0.05) and mass of the lightest right-handed neutrino M1 ≳ 1011−12 GeV, setting a leptogenesis scale in the considered model which is higher than that of the non-thermal scenario.
BMS3 (Carrollian) field theories from a bound in the coupling of current-current deformations of CFT2
Authors: Parekh Pulastya , Tempo David , Troncoso Ricardo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Two types of Carrollian field theories are shown to emerge from finite current-current deformations of toroidal CFT2’s when the deformation coupling is precisely fixed, up to a sign. In both cases the energy and momentum densities fulfill the BMS3 algebra. Applying these results to the bosonic string, one finds that the electric-like deformation (positive coupling) reduces to the standard tensionless string. The magnetic-like deformation (negative coupling) yields to a new theory, still being relativistic, devoid of tension and endowed with an “inner Carrollian structure”. Classical solutions describe a sort of “self-interacting null particle” moving along generic null curves of the original background metric, not necessarily geodesics. This magnetic-like theory is also shown to be recovered from inequivalent limits in the tension of the bosonic string. Electric- and magnetic-like deformations of toroidal CFT2’s can be seen to correspond to limiting cases of continuous exactly marginal (trivial) deformations spanned by an SO(1,1) automorphism of the current algebra. Thus, the absolute value of the current-current deformation coupling is shown to be bounded. When the bound saturates, the deformation ceases to be exactly marginal, but still retains the full conformal symmetry in two alternative ultrarelativistic regimes.
Fitting a deep generative hadronization model
Authors: Chan Jay , Ju Xiangyang , Kania Adam , Nachman Benjamin , Sangli Vishnu , Siódmok Andrzej 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Hadronization is a critical step in the simulation of high-energy particle and nuclear physics experiments. As there is no first principles understanding of this process, physically-inspired hadronization models have a large number of parameters that are fit to data. Deep generative models are a natural replacement for classical techniques, since they are more flexible and may be able to improve the overall precision. Proof of principle studies have shown how to use neural networks to emulate specific hadronization when trained using the inputs and outputs of classical methods. However, these approaches will not work with data, where we do not have a matching between observed hadrons and partons. In this paper, we develop a protocol for fitting a deep generative hadronization model in a realistic setting, where we only have access to a set of hadrons in data. Our approach uses a variation of a Generative Adversarial Network with a permutation invariant discriminator. We find that this setup is able to match the hadronization model in Herwig with multiple sets of parameters. This work represents a significant step forward in a longer term program to develop, train, and integrate machine learning-based hadronization models into parton shower Monte Carlo programs.
Multi-planarizable quivers, orientifolds, and conformal dualities
Authors: Amariti Antonio , Bianchi Massimo , Fazzi Marco , Mancani Salvo , Riccioni Fabio , Rota Simone 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We study orientifold projections of families of four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 toric quiver gauge theories. We restrict to quivers that have the unusual property of being associated with multiple periodic planar diagrams which give rise, in general, to inequivalent models. A suitable orientifold projection relates a subfamily of the latter by conformal duality. That is, there exist exactly marginal deformations that connect the projected models. The deformations take the form of a sign flip in some of the superpotential interactions, similarly to the β-deformation of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM. Our construction generalizes previous results on the orientifold projections of the PdP3b and PdP3c singularities.
Multi-fractional instantons in SU(N) Yang-Mills theory on the twisted $$ {\mathbbm{T}}^4 $$
Authors: Anber Mohamed M. , Poppitz Erich 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We construct analytical self-dual Yang-Mills fractional instanton solutions on a four-torus $$ {\mathbbm{T}}^4 $$

T
4

with ’t Hooft twisted boundary conditions. These instantons possess topological charge $$ Q=\frac{r}{N} $$
Q
=

r
N

, where 1 ≤ r < N. To implement the twist, we employ SU(N) transition functions that satisfy periodicity conditions up to center elements and are embedded into SU(k) × SU(ℓ) × U(1) ⊂ SU(N), where ℓ + k = N. The self-duality requirement imposes a condition, kL1L2 = rℓL3L4, on the lengths of the periods of $$ {\mathbbm{T}}^4 $$

T
4

and yields solutions with abelian field strengths. However, by introducing a detuning parameter ∆ ≡ (rℓL3L4 – kL1L2)/$$ \sqrt{L_1{L}_2{L}_3{L}_4} $$

L
1

L
2

L
3

L
4

, we generate self-dual nonabelian solutions on a general $$ {\mathbbm{T}}^4 $$

T
4

as an expansion in powers of ∆. We explore the moduli spaces associated with these solutions and find that they exhibit intricate structures. Solutions with topological charges greater than $$ \frac{1}{N} $$

1
N

and k ≠ r possess non-compact moduli spaces, along which the $$ \mathcal{O}\left(\Delta \right) $$
O

∆

gauge-invariant densities exhibit runaway behavior. On the other hand, solutions with $$ Q=\frac{r}{N} $$
Q
=

r
N

and k = r have compact moduli spaces, whose coordinates correspond to the allowed holonomies in the SU(r) color space. These solutions can be represented as a sum over r lumps centered around the r distinct holonomies, thus resembling a liquid of instantons. In addition, we show that each lump supports 2 adjoint fermion zero modes.
Global-in-time well-posedness of the one-dimensional hydrodynamic Gross–Pitaevskii equations without vacuum
Authors: Wegner Robert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe establish global-in-time well-posedness of the one-dimensional hydrodynamic Gross–Pitaevskii equations in the absence of vacuum in $$(1 + H^s) \times H^{s-1}$$

(
1
+

H
s

)

×

H

s
-
1

with $$s \ge 1$$

s
≥
1

. We achieve this by a reduction via the Madelung transform to the previous global-in-time well-posedness result for the Gross–Pitaevskii equation in Koch and Liao (Adv Math 377, 2021; Adv Math 420, 2023). Our core result is a local bilipschitz equivalence of the relevant function spaces, which enables the transfer of results between the two equations.
Costal chondrocyte‐derived pellet‐type scaffold‐free autologous chondrocyte implantation provided acceptable mid‐term outcomes in osteochondral defects with up to 10‐mm depth
Authors: Yoon Kyoung Ho , Song Sang Jun , Hwang Sung Hyun , Jang Woo Jae , Park Cheol Hee 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate clinical, radiographic, and magnetic resonance (MR) results of costal chondrocyte‐derived pellet‐type scaffold‐free autologous chondrocyte implantation (CCP‐ACI) in osteochondral defects (ODs) up to 10‐mm depth during 5 years of follow‐up.MethodsTen patients with CCP‐ACI performed in ODs with depth up to 10 mm were retrospectively analyzed. The minimum follow‐up period was 5 years. The median age was 36.5 (range 20–55) years. The median size and the depth of the OD lesion were 4.25 cm2 (range 2–6) and 7.0 mm (6–9), respectively. Clinically, the International Knee Documentation Committee, Lysholm, and visual analog scale pain scores were evaluated. Radiographically, the hip‒knee‒ankle (HKA) angle and the Kellgren‒Lawrence (K‒L) grade were assessed. On MR imaging, the magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) 2.0 score and the defect depth were evaluated.ResultsAll average clinical scores improved significantly by 1, 2, and 5 years postoperatively. The average HKA angle and the proportion of K‒L grade did not change significantly within 5 years. The median total MOCART scores were 50 (range 45–65), 50 (35–90), 57.5 (40–90), and 65 (50–85) at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 5 years postoperatively, respectively (p = 0.001), with significant improvement at 2 years compared to that at 6 months postoperatively. The signal intensity of the repair tissue and subchondral change significantly improved from 10 (range 10–10) to 12.5 (10–15) (p = 0.036), and from 10 (10–10) to 17.5 (0–20) (p = 0.017), respectively. Significant improvements were seen at 5 years postoperatively for the former and at 2 years postoperatively for the latter. The average depths on MR imaging were 6.7, 6.7, 6.8, 6.6, and 6.6 mm preoperatively and at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 5 years postoperatively with no significant changes (n.s).ConclusionCCP‐ACI provided acceptable mid‐term outcomes in ODs up to 10‐mm in depth without bone grafting despite of no scaffold. The procedure can be one of minimally invasive treatment options for ODs without scaffold‐related problems.Level of evidenceIV.
Anxiety about the pandemic and trust in financial markets
Authors: Cerqueti Roy , Ficcadenti Valerio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has generated a novel context of global financial distress. This paper enters the related scientific debate and focuses on the relationship between the anxiety felt by the population of a wide set of countries during the pandemic and the trust in the future performance of financial markets. Precisely, we move from the idea—grounded on some recent literature contributions—that the volume of Google searches about “coronavirus” can be considered as a proxy of anxiety and, jointly with the stock index prices, can be used to produce indicators of the population mood—in terms of pessimism and optimism—at country level. We analyse the “very high human developed countries” according to the Human Development Index plus China and the main stock market indexes associated with them. Namely, we propose both a time-dependent and a global indicator of pessimism and optimism and classify indexes and countries accordingly. The results show the existence of different clusters of countries and markets in terms of pessimism and optimism. Moreover, specific regimes emerge, with optimism increasing around the middle of June 2020. Furthermore, countries with different government responses to the pandemic have experienced different levels of mood indicators, so countries with less stringent lockdown measures had a higher level of optimism.
Evaluating the quality of surface carbonized woods modified with a contact charring or a gas flame charring technique
Authors: Kymäläinen Maija , Dömény Jakub , Schwarzkopf Matthew , Šeda Vit , Rautkari Lauri 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSurface carbonization, or charring, of wooden exterior cladding boards is a modification method that creates a fully organic barrier layer in resemblance to a coating. The process effectively degrades the wood and transforms it into a carbonaceous residue that protects the underlying unmodified wood from environmental stresses. The surface quality of wood modified in this manner is a combination of several factors and depends on the manufacturing method and wood species. To assess the quality of spruce and birch modified with contact and flame charring techniques, several experiments were set up from the nanoscale to macroscopic evaluation of surface resistance to different stresses. The changes in elemental composition are scaled with the modification severity with little differences between wood species. The carbon structures analyzed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) were found to be amorphous, but the electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) revealed higher ordering with what is assumed to be random graphitic stacking of carbon sheets. These carbon–carbon bonds are stable, so a higher ordering is hypothesized to induce improved resistance to exterior stresses. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a clear difference between contact-charred and flame-charred woods. The selected contact charring temperature was not high enough to induce the transformation of cell walls from anisotropic into an isotropic material but provided other benefits such as a relatively crack-free, smooth and scratch resistant surface. Surface roughness was able to adequately predict the surface quality of the contact-charred samples, and scratch tests were found to be suitable for evaluating the mechanical stress resistance of the surface instead of abrasion. In terms of overall quality, birch instead of spruce was concluded to better respond to both charring methods, although contact charring eliminates some species-specific characteristics, resulting in more homogeneous surfaces.
Assessing cancer risk in the anterior part of the prostate using micro-ultrasound: validation of a novel distinct protocol
Authors: Schaer Sandy , Rakauskas Arnas , Dagher Julien , La Rosa Stefano , Pensa Jake , Brisbane Wayne , Marks Leonard , Kinnaird Adam , Abouassaly Robert , Klein Eric , Thomas Lewis , Meuwly Jean-Yves , Parker Pamela , Roth Beat , Valerio Massimo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To develop and validate a micro-ultrasound risk score that predicts the likelihood of significant prostate cancer in the anterior zone.

Methods
Patients were enrolled from three expert institutions familiar with micro-ultrasound. The study was conducted in two phases. First, the PRI-MUS anterior score was developed by assessing selected prostate videos from patients who subsequently underwent radical prostatectomy. Second, seven urology readers with varying levels of experience in micro-ultrasound examination evaluated prostate loops according to the PRI-MUS anterior score. Each reader watched the videos and recorded the likelihood of the presence of significant cancer in the anterior part of the prostate in a three-point scale. The coherence among the readers was calculated using the Fleiss kappa and the Cronbach alpha.

Results
A total of 102 selected prostate scans were used to develop the risk assessment for anterior zone cancer in the prostate. The score comprised three categories: likely, equivocal, and unlikely. The median (IQR) sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the seven readers were 72% (68–84), 68% (64–84), 75% (72–81), and 73% (71–80), respectively. The mean SD ROC AUC was 0.75 ± 2%, while the Fleiss kappa and the Cronbach alpha were 0.179 and 0.56, respectively.

Conclusion
Micro-ultrasound can detect cancerous lesions in the anterior part of the prostate. When combined with the PRI-MUS protocol to assess the peripheral part, it enables an assessment of the entire prostate gland. Pending external validation, the PRI-MUS anterior score developed in this study might be implemented in clinical practice.