bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Flow Units and Capillary Pressures of the Giant Chicontepec Tight Oil Paleochannel in Mexico and a Fresh Look at Drilling and Completions
Authors: Gutierrez Oseguera Alejandra , Aguilera Roberto 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Chicontepec Paleochannel is a giant shaly sandstone reservoir(s) with volumes of OOIP ranging between 137 and 59 billion STB (Guzman, 2019), which has been equated recently to the Permian Basin. However, the oil recoveries are very small, ranging between 0.32 to 0.75% of the OOIP. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate flow units and capillary pressures of Chicontepec, as well as drilling and completion methods, with a view to improve the characterization of the reservoir(s) and, thus, oil recoveries.
Current cumulative oil production of Chicontepec is 440.38 million STB. Although it is a significant volume, it represents a very small percent recovery from the reservoir (0.32 to 0.75% of the OOIP). To help improving recovery, a method is developed for characterizing the tight Chicontepec paleochannel using flow units and capillary pressures. Like in the case of many tight unconventional reservoirs, the capillary pressures can go to very high values, reaching 55,000 psi in the Chicontepec case. Therefore, a special procedure is developed to generate a consistent interpretation of all the available capillary pressure curves for the entire range of pressures.
Results highlight the important oil recovery potential of the Chicontepec Paleochannel (Misantla-Tampico Basin), which has been equated recently to the Permian Basin in the United States and has been termed by Guzman (2022) "a premier super-basin in waiting." The assessment is supported by quantitative formation evaluation work performed by Gutierrez Oseguera and Aguilera (2022). Although natural fractures are present, most wells must be hydraulically fractured to achieve commercial success.
Process or delivery speed (the ratio of permeability and porosity) for the Chicontepec samples used in the capillary pressure experimental work range between 159.1 md and 0.17 md (porosity in the denominator is a fraction). Flow units show pore throat apertures (rp35) ranging from less than 0.1 microns to about 4.5 microns. These values and flow units compare well with data available for prolific unconventional reservoirs such as the Cardium sandstone in Canada and the giant Permian Basin in the United States. The radius rp35 refers to pore throat aperture at 35% cumulative pore volume.
The novelty of this study is the development of a consistent procedure for interpreting the entire range of pressures measured during mercury injection capillary pressures. Such pressures go up to 55,000 psi for the core samples considered in this study. The integration with flow units and formation evaluation suggests that the potential of the Chicontepec unconventional reservoirs can rival successful results obtained in the Cardium sandstone and the Permian Basin. Some ideas are advanced regarding drilling and completion for Chicontepec based on the results of the present study and production success in the Permian Basin.
Utilizing Gas/Water Displacement in Oil Sands Reservoir for Lean Zone Mitigation
Authors: Xu Jinze , Aghabarati Hossein , Zamani Amir , Zambrano Jose Araujo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWater-saturated lean zones are notoriously challenging for steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) operations since they increase heat loss and impair the SAGD performance. This study proposes mitigating lean zone effects using gas/water displacement to reduce lean zone impacts and improve SAGD performance. At the beginning of this study, we conduct a literature review on lean zones and gas-water displacement. We then develop a three-dimensional homogenous model to simulate SAGD scenarios with and without lean zone mitigation (LZM). Our findings reveal that lean zones have negative effects on SAGD performance, mostly owing to the pressure imbalance between lean and rich zones, which causes steam channelling and energy loss. LZM demonstrates significant advantages of using non-condensable gases (NCG) to displace water and balance pressure between the rich and lean zones, hence minimizing steam channelling and saving energy.
An Analytics Based Approach to Improving Digital Learning Efficacy in the Energy Sector
Authors: Lougheed Dylan , Adamson Jeremy , Anderson David , Amortegui Ruben 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe supply of skills to fill modern job requirements in the energy sector has been overextended by the pace of advancing technology and increasing attrition. Underpinning this problem is the inadequate availability of effective training. This learning gap results primarily from four factors: Scarcity of qualified expertise, budget constraints, time requirements and curriculum relevance.Properly deployed online learning addresses these factors, but has so far not been widely adopted in the energy sector. It is hypothesized the adoption rate could be increased by focusing on what drives lesson completion velocity, or the pace at which a student completes their coursework. By encouraging learning methods that create positive momentum, they are more likely to have sustained engagement and complete their course.In this study of over 1600 students, multiple online-learning methods were tested to determine which method results in the highest lesson completion velocities. Three different learning methods were evaluated against completion velocity. These methods include: Unstructured, Cohorts and Enrolments. The Unstructured group were provided with access to digital courses without any program to follow. ‘Enrolments’ represents a single learner who has given him/herself specific time-bound learning goals. And ‘Cohorts’ is similar to Enrolments but where a group of learners are assigned to the same learning schedule and have visibility into each other's learning progress.Students have the option of learning in any one, or a combination of these formats. Two years of online learner data was reviewed. Other variables included within the analysis included the learner's job title, course and organization. The data was analyzed to determine what drives learner engagement.A Shapiro-Wilk test indicated the data was highly non-normal, which meant parametric approaches were not appropriate to use. It was found that the ‘Cohort’ method was most correlated to higher lesson completion velocity. When learners were part of a Cohort, the student completed an extra course day per month in comparison to the Unstructured approach (the baseline), representing an 82% increase.Within the confidence interval of the data, ‘Enrolment’ was not observed to increase the number of lessons completed. However, Enrolment did affect the completion velocity. Job title and organization was also found to influence completion velocity.Continuing education requires significant improvement to address the widening skills gap in the industry. While digital learning technology will undoubtedly play a strong role in fulfilling future training requirements, it is important to understand what drives learner engagement. To the knowledge of the authors, no study of this scale has been previously performed in the oil and gas digital learning space. The results of this study could be used to help design new, or improve existing online training programs.
Improving Sustainability Through the Utilization of Recycled Produced Water for Drilling Operations and the Associated Benefits
Authors: Heath Garett , Hadley Dylan , Okesanya Temi , Horton Dave 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn order to improve the global sustainability benchmarks of the drilling industry, there is a need to adopt more eco-friendly practices that will diminish the adverse environmental impact of drilling operations. Responsible energy development should prioritize environmental protection and sustainable practices, including the drilling fluid system selection.An efficient environmental approach involves the recycling of produced water as a drilling fluid to combat its detrimental disposal requirements as well as reducing the usage of freshwater and potentially carcinogenic oil-based mud in drilling operations. While field data have shown that recycled production water can have superior performance and lower costs, the widespread utilization of produced water has experienced slow adoption due to its unique set of challenges. These challenges include variability in ionic composition, increased corrosion, and scaling potential, along with health and safety considerations, which reduce its overall desirability. These factors are further compounded by a general lack of technical knowledge around water chemistry dynamics, treatment, and system management. There is a need for a "playbook" that demystifies the technical complexities of produced water, thereby bridging a crucial gap in the drilling fluids literature and accelerating the adoption of this lower environmental footprint fluid.This paper presents a comprehensive overview and pragmatic insight into the usage of produced water for drilling operations from real-life case studies in Western Canada. This paper is designed as an aid to understand the associated screening, testing, treatment, and practical pitfalls of using production water as a drilling fluid, which is illustrated with real-life data. The aim is to encourage and accelerate the adoption of production water as a sustainable source of superior drilling fluid systems by more operators and drilling fluid service providers. Consequently, improving the environmental sustainability of the drilling industry.
Thermodynamic Phase Equilibrium Composition Determination of Ethanol Steam Reforming by Direct Minimization of Gibbs Free Energy Using Peng-Robinson Property Method
Authors: Isah Abdullahi , Eterigho Elizabeth Jumoke , Olutoye Moses Aderemi , Garba Mohammed Umar , Asli Umi Aisah 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Thermodynamic equilibrium analysis of ethanol steam reforming was carried out by direct minimization of Gibbs free energy method using Aspen Plus (V8.8). Equilibrium compositions of each species were analysed for temperatures ranging from 873 to 1173K, steam-to-ethanol molar ratios (S/C) of 2:1 -6:1 and pressure at 1atm. Due to high temperature and reduction of CO2, there is shift in equilibrium which resulted to increase in hydrogen formation. The predominant reactions which contributed to the increase in hydrogen formation are incomplete ethanol steam reforming, ethanol decomposition, methane steam reforming and water-gas shift reaction, which in turn make H2/CO ratio significant, with regard to steam-to-ethanol feed ratio of 6. Methane formation is negligible when the reforming is operated between 1093K and 1173K for all the steam-to-ethanol molar feed ratios. This implies that higher carbon deposition (4.17×10-23 kmol/s) observed at 1173K with respect to steam-to-ethanol molar feed ratio 2 could be due to methane decomposition, Boudouard reaction and CO2 reduction. However, the least rate of carbon deposition is 2.48×10-23 kmol/s relating to feed ratio 6 at 1173K, which implies that high carbon formation is significant at temperature above 1173K and steam-to-ethanol molar feed ratio 2. In view of the high H2/CO ratio attained within the considered temperatures (873-1173K) and steam-to-ethanol molar feed ratio of 6, the syngas is recommended to be used for electricity generation via solid oxide fuel cell.
Relationship between opium consumption and lipid profile in drug addicts and non-addicts on Kharameh cohort study
Authors: Baeradeh Najibullah , Hosseini Seyed Vahid , Moftakhar Leila , Jafari Fatemeh , Johari Masoumeh Ghoddusi , Rezaianzadeh Abbas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Drug abuse is known as one of the most important health, medical, and social problems. Furthermore, this study was performed to evaluate the relationship between opium and lipid profiles.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 10,663 individuals, aged 40 to 70, living in Kharameh (south of Iran). Demographic information, lipid profile, and the history of use of opium, alcohol, and cigarettes in participants were investigated. To check the lipid profile, blood samples were taken from all participants. The prevalence of opium use was calculated. Linear regression was used to examine the relationship between opium use and the lipid profile of an individual. A significance level of 5% was considered for the tests, and STATA software was used for analysis.
Result
Among the 10,663 participants in the study with a mean age of 52.2 ± 8.22 years, about 55.7% were women. The prevalence of opium use among the participants in the study was estimated at 16%. Multiple linear regression results revealed no statistically significant relationship between opium use and lipid profile.
Conclusion
Contrary to the beliefs that there are about the effects of opium on reducing lipid profile levels, in our study, there was no correlation between LDL, triglycerides and opium consumption.
Rollator Usage Lets Young Individuals Switch Movement Strategies in Sit-to-Stand and Stand-to-Sit Tasks
Authors: Herzog Michael , Krafft Frieder C. , Stetter Bernd J. , d’Avella Andrea , Sloot Lizeth H. , Stein Thorsten 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The transitions between sitting and standing have a high physical and coordination demand, frequently causing falls in older individuals. Rollators, or four-wheeled walkers, are often prescribed but can paradoxically increase fall risk. This study investigated how rollator support affects sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit movements. Twenty young participants stood up and sat down under three handle support conditions (unassisted, light touch, and full support). As increasing task demands may affect coordination, a challenging floor condition (balance pads) was included; this may also bridge the gap to older individuals. Full-body kinematics and ground reaction forces were recorded, reduced in dimensionality by principal component analyses, and clustered by k-means into movement strategies. Rollator support caused the participants to switch strategies, especially when their balance was challenged, but did not lead to support-specific strategies. Three strategies for sit-to-stand were found: forward leaning, vertical rise, and hybrid; two in the challenging condition (exaggerated forward and forward leaning). For stand-to-sit, three strategies were found: backward lowering, vertical lowering, and hybrid; two in the challenging condition (exaggerated forward and forward leaning). Hence, young individuals adjust their strategy selection to different conditions. Future studies may apply this methodology to older individuals to recommend safe strategies and ultimately reduce falls.
Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of river Ganges in different climatic conditions and regions of Uttarakhand, India
Authors: kumar Prashant , Kothari Ashish , Mandal Anindita , Yadav Shashi Ranjan Mani , Singh Bhupender , Omar Balram JI , Bhadoria Ajeet Singh , Gupta Pratima , Mirza Anissa Atif 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), the two most significant physicochemical indicators, we find higher in water samples from plain regions than from hilly regions. Mean levels of As, Pb, Hg, Cd, Cr, Zn, and Ni were 5.48, 1.060, 4.4, 0.728, 3.5, 2.93, 26.56, and 7.68 (µg/L), respectively, in water samples, was within normal ranges, except Arsenic, which was found in higher at shukartal site > 10 µg/L. A marked correlation was observed between the physicochemical quality of water and bacterial density. The presence of specific bacterial strains, e.g. Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, and Proteus spps., in higher concentrations suggests a significant level of faecal contamination in water. The Most Probable Number, Escherichia coli count, total coliform count, faecal streptococci count and faecal coliform count were discovered in the regions of Rishikesh, Roorkee, and Shukartaal, indicating that the total bacterial count was higher than the permitted range (GR1, GRR, and GS). The spatial distribution of the Hazardous index (H.I.) in the study area revealed a rising trend of environmental leaching from mountainous parts to plain regions. Children were at a higher carcinogenic risk compared to adults both males and females. The study recommends prevention and safeguarding against anthropometric variables.
Intelligent product art design based on smart equipment and machine learning algorithm: Practice effect and trend analysis
Authors: Mengyao Chen , Yu Tian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
With the development of the society, people's material needs are increasing rapidly. Based on this background, intelligent household furniture products with high-tech content are integrated into the field of interior design, and then gradually infiltrated into people's production and life. And from a smart technology perspective, we analyze the art design of smart home products based on machine learning algorithm. This algorithm can make the actual classification results of the test samples consistent with the network output values, and the error values can also meet the accuracy requirements, so as to effectively determine the defect types of the parameter samples. Among them, the art design of smart home products includes home equipment network group, embedded gateway implementation, cloud server construction and interaction design, independent product auxiliary control system and other parts. Finally, through the simulation test results of the intelligent positioning function of the product, we can know that the communication efficiency of the product basically meets the requirements. Interior design products are indispensable in people's home life, and play an important role in the whole indoor environment, such as art paintings, bonsai, woven art, etc. In addition, household appliances and lamps will also affect the aesthetic feeling of the whole interior design. This study tries to introduce machine learning technology in the field of interior art design to make it more intelligent, and a kind of effective algorithm design is completed.
A new portable Fresnel magnifying loupe for nystagmus observation: A clinical education and clinical practice setting study
Authors: Tsunoda Reiko , Fushiki Hiroaki , Tanaka Ryozo , Endo Mayumi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Dizziness is a common complaint of patients treated by primary care physicians. It is predominantly caused by peripheral vestibular disorders; however, central nervous system disorders should be excluded. Examination of the eye movements and nystagmus can help differentiate between central and peripheral diseases; however, it is often not performed appropriately. In medical education practice, nystagmus observation may facilitate an understanding of vestibular function and nystagmus characteristics. Thus, we proposed a medical education practice to master nystagmus observation using a recently developed portable Fresnel magnifying loupe that could be shielded by one eye.
Methods
Thirty-three students from the Department of Physical Therapy and the Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Therapy of the Mejiro University participated in this study. Postrotatory nystagmus was measured and compared using the new loupe and control methods, namely the naked eye and Frenzel goggles; we rated the ease of visibility using a five-point scale.
Results
The number of cases of nystagmus was significantly higher with the new loupe than with the naked eye (p = 0.001). In addition, there were no significant differences in the nystagmus counts between the observations using the new loupe and Frenzel goggles (p = 0.087). No significant difference was observed in the visibility of eye movements between the loupe and naked eye (p = 1.00). The Frenzel goggles provided better visibility compared to that by the loupe (p = 0.034); however, none of the participants reported poor visibility using any of these methods.
Conclusions
The Fresnel magnifying loupe was superior to the naked eye and equivalent to the Frenzel goggles for nystagmus observation. Moreover, it has several advantages, such as being lightweight, thin, durable, and portable, compared with the Frenzel goggles. The loupe does not require a power source and can be observed under normal room light. It can be used without contact with patients and disinfected with alcohol. Furthermore, it is less expensive than the conventional Frenzel goggles and can be easily used in student practice.
Trial registration:
This study was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of Mejiro University (approval number: 21medicine-021).
The effect of female smoking on in-vitro fertilization outcome
Authors: Hussein Rawaa , Alhalabi Marwan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: to assess the effect of female smoking on in-vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome.
Methods: A total of 186 women undergoing IVF treatment cycle at Orient Hospital between December 2020 and December 2021 were classified into two groups smokers and non-smokers (93 patients for each group). An analysis of this prospective cohort study was done , where the outcome involved the following: number of oocytes retrieved, number of Metaphase II oocytes (MII), oocytes quality, maturation rate, fertilization rate, embryos' quality )embryos grade I) and clinical pregnancy rate.
Results: the only significant difference was found in the number of grade I embryos which was lower in smokers’ group (p-value= 0.017<0.05) while there was no measurable effect of female smoking on other studied IVF outcomes.
Conclusion: Female smoking was associated with decreased quality of embryos (lower number of grade I embryos in smokers’ group) which may affect cumulative pregnancy rate.
The integration of social accountability in the medical curriculum: a qualitative study to the change process as perceived by educational staff and students
Authors: Oudbier Janique , Boerboom Tobias , Peerdeman Saskia , Suurmond Jeanine 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background. In addition to (pre)clinical skills and knowledge there is more and more attention for social accountability within the medical curriculum. The integration of social accountability into the medical curriculum requires an organizational change process, which is affected by many factors. This study aims to investigate; the reaction of educational staff and students to this change; the perceived consequences resulting from this potential change; and the change antecedents that affect the reaction to change and change outcomes.
Methods. This study used a qualitative design in which semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 28 educational staff members and 16 students at a medical school in the Netherlands, in 2021. The grounded theory method was used to qualitatively analyze the interviews.
Results. Most participants were in favour of more attention for social accountability within the medical curriculum but their reaction depended on their career stage, perceived autonomy, level of focus on either solutions or problems, their degree of participation in the change process, and their perceived expertise. Participants perceived several potential consequences of the change, such as a higher workload, reduction of organizational commitment, and withdrawal from the change. Examples of important antecedents of change were resources such as finances and time, a common vision, and principal support.
Conclusions. The reaction of educational staff and students to the integration of social accountability in the medical curriculum and their perceived consequences resulting from this change can be positively stimulated by taking the involved antecedents into account during the organizational change process.