bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The distribution of industry payments among pediatric dermatologists from 2015 to 2021
Authors: Ravipati Advaitaa , Pradeep Tejus , Elman Scott A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesTo understand the landscape of industry payments to pediatric dermatologists to foster transparency and identify potential disparities in funding.MethodsUsing the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Open Payments database, a national cross‐sectional study was performed examining payments to pediatric dermatologists from 2015 to 2021.ResultsOf the 147 pediatric dermatologists who received industry funding, 35 were male and 112 were female. $9 million in payments was amassed, with 10% of pediatric dermatologists accounting for 94% of total industry payments. Consulting was the most common service, with Pfizer Inc., Amgen Inc., and Regeneron Healthcare Solutions Inc. representing the top three companies. Mean payment was $143,836 for males and $35,943 for females (p < .001). Eight female and seven male pediatric dermatologists received payments in the top 10th percentile, with different average payment in this subgroup (females $447,588 vs. males $698,746, p = .03). 11 states did not have a pediatric dermatologist receiving industry payments, while California (19) and Texas (12) had the most.ConclusionsThere are approximately 400 board‐certified pediatric dermatologists in the United States and fewer than 40% are receiving monetary compensation from private industry. A fraction of physicians accounted for a majority of total industry payments and industry payments to male pediatric dermatologists were higher despite nearly triple the number of female pediatric dermatologists. With the rise of valuable partnerships between healthcare and industry in modern medicine, the implications of geographic, gender, and financial disparity of industry payments in pediatric dermatology are worthy of further study.
Attitudes of healthcare workers toward the COVID‐19 vaccine and related factors: A systematic review
Authors: Tunç Aylin Meşe , Çevirme Ayşe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAim and ObjectivesThis systematic review aims to examine healthcare professionals' attitudes toward the COVID‐19 vaccine and related factors.BackgroundHealthcare workers have priority among risky groups accepted as candidates for early vaccination. Therefore, it is important to consider health professionals' attitudes toward COVID‐19 vaccination to better address barriers to widespread vaccination.Materials and MethodsSix databases were searched for articles published between January 01, 2020, and February 31, 2022, and 1161 studies were reached. As a result of the evaluations, 10 studies were included in the systematic review. Nine studies are cross‐sectional, and one is a descriptive study. A 9‐item Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies from the Joanna Briggs Institute MAStARI Critical Assessment Tools (JBI‐MAStARI) was used for quality assessment. High‐quality studies with an average or higher methodological quality score were included in the systematic review. The PRISMA guideline was followed while selecting studies.ResultsPositive attitudes of healthcare professionals toward the COVID‐19 vaccine ranged from 10% to 93.7%, and negative attitudes varied between 6.3% and 41.0%. Factors such as the male gender, being a physician, advanced age, previous influenza vaccination history, and presence of chronic disease were found to be associated with vaccine acceptance. Factors such as doubt about the efficacy of the COVID‐19 vaccine, safety concerns, and fear of unknown side effects of the vaccine were associated with COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy.ConclusionThere is a need for confidence‐building interventions and tailored communication strategies, including personalized training to change the ambiguous attitudes of healthcare professionals, increase vaccine uptake, and cope with the multifaceted impact of infection.PROSPERO Registration NumberCRD42021290482.
Understanding patterns of stakeholder participation in public commenting on bureaucratic policymaking: Evidence from the European Union
Authors: Bunea Adriana , Lipcean Sergiu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhat explains the levels and diversity of stakeholder participation in public commenting on bureaucratic policymaking? We examine a novel dataset on a stakeholder engagement mechanism recently introduced by the European Commission containing information about 1258 events organized between 2016 and 2019. We highlight the importance of administrative acts' characteristics and acknowledge the role of policy area type. Acts corresponding to early policy stages, broader in scope, less technical, and more explicit about feedback loop rules, that is, roadmaps, inception impact assessments and delegated acts, generate significantly more comments, from more diverse stakeholders, relative to legislative proposals, and draft implementing acts. Regulatory and distributive policies generate significantly more comments than interior and foreign policies. Diversity is significantly higher in distributive policies but only relative to foreign policies. We contribute by showing the power of administrative acts in influencing stakeholder participation and diversity across decision stages and policy areas and shaping bias in interest representation.
Information asymmetry and vertical collective action dilemma: The case of targeted poverty alleviation in China
Authors: Liu Lili , Xin Ge , Yi Hongtao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInformation asymmetry is prevalent in the vertical bureaucratic structures of unitary systems. Drawing upon the institutional collective action (ICA) framework and the literature on information politics, this paper investigates the formation of the vertical ICA dilemma and the motivations underlying the collaborative mechanisms to address information asymmetry within the hierarchical bureaucratic structures of the Chinese government. Taking the Targeted Poverty Alleviation campaign as a case, we find a mixture of collective solutions, including informal networks, intergovernmental contracts, delegation, and imposed authority, as alternatives to alleviate the information asymmetry between vertical governments. Our case studies contribute to the literature on central–local relations, information politics, and the development of the vertical ICA framework, which notably incorporates the extent of lower level government autonomy into the determinants of integration mechanisms. In the conclusion, we connect this research to the broader ICA research agenda and studies of the cross‐level policy process, with implications for multi‐level governance in unitary systems like China.
Erythrophagocytosis in autoimmune immunoglobulin A‐mediated hemolysis
Authors: Gollamudi Jahnavi , Dasgupta Swapan Kumar , Thiagarajan Perumal 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionWarm antibody‐mediated autoimmune hemolysis (WAIHA) is most often due to immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and is detected by direct antiglobulin test (DAT). However, about 10% cases of hemolytic anemia are DAT negative. Herein, we describe a patient with DAT‐negative hemolytic anemia due to an anti‐IgA antibody. We investigate if isolated IgA can promote erythrophagocytosis.MethodsWe isolated patient and control IgA on Jacalin agarose. Isolated IgA was used to sensitize healthy ABO/Rh‐matched donor red blood cells (RBC). Antibody binding was examined by flowcytometry. The effect of IgA on erythrophagocytosis was evaluated using Macrophage colony stimulating factor 1 (M‐CSF)‐differentiated autologous macrophages by Giemsa staining and immunofluorescence microscopy.ResultsWe show that isolated IgA from the serum can bind to red cells. In addition, RBCs were phagocytosed efficiently by autologous macrophages in the presence of patient IgA.ConclusionOur results show that IgA antibodies are capable of inducing erythrophagocytosis like IgG antibodies in the absence of complement fixation.
Whole genome-based genetic insights of
bla
NDM
producing clinical
E. coli
isolates in hospital settings of Pakistant
Authors: Abdullah Sabahat , Almusallam Abdulrahman , Li Mei , Mahmood Muhammad Shahid , Mushtaq Muhammad Ahmad , Eltai Nahla O. , Toleman Mark A. , Mohsin Mashkoor 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Carbapenem resistance among Enterobacterales has become a global health concern. Clinical
Escherichia coli
isolates producing the metallo β-lactamase NDM have been isolated from two hospitals in Faisalabad, Pakistan. These
E. coli
strains were characterized by MALDI-TOF, PCR, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, XbaI and S1 nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), conjugation assay, DNA hybridization, whole genome sequencing, bioinformatic analysis, and
Galleria mellonella
experiments. Thirty-four
bla
NDM
producing
E. coli
strains were identified among 52 nonduplicate carbapenem-resistant strains. More than 90% of the isolates were found to be multidrug resistant by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. S1 PFGE confirmed the presence of
bla
NDM
gene on plasmids ranging from 40 kbps to 250 kbps, and conjugation assays demonstrated transfer frequencies of
bla
NDM
harboring plasmids ranging from 1.59 × 10
−1
to 6.46 × 10
−8
per donor. Whole genome sequencing analysis revealed
bla
NDM-5
as the prominent NDM subtype with the highest prevalence of
bla
OXA-1
,
bla
CTX-M-15
,
aadA2
,
aac(6')-Ib-cr
, and
tet(A
) associated resistant determinants.
E. coli
sequence types: ST405, ST361, and ST167 were prominent, and plasmid Inc types: FII, FIA, FIB, FIC, X3, R, and Y, were observed among all isolates. The genetic environment of
bla
NDM
region on IncF plasmids included partial IS
Aba125
, the bleomycin
ble
gene, and a class I integron. The virulence genes
terC, traT, gad, fyuA, irp2, capU,
and
sitA
were frequently observed, and
G. mellonella
experiments showed that virulence correlated with the number of virulence determinants. A strong infection control management in the hospital is necessary to check the emergence of carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacteria.

IMPORTANCE

We describe a detailed analysis of highly resistant clinical
E. coli
isolates from two tertiary care centers in Pakistan including carbapenem resistance as well as common co-resistance mechanisms. South Asia has a huge problem with highly resistant
E. coli
. However, we find that though these isolates are very difficult to treat they are of low virulence. Thus the Western world has an increasing problem with virulent
E. coli
that are mostly of low antibiotic resistance, whereas, South Asia has an increasing problem with highly resistant
E. coli
that are of low virulence potential. These observations allow us to start to devise methodologies to limit both virulence and resistance and combat problems in developing nations as well as the Western world.
Development and characterization of phage display-derived anti-toxin antibodies neutralizing TcdA and TcdB of
Clostridioides difficile
Authors: Raeisi Hamideh , Azimirad Masoumeh , Asadzadeh Aghdaei Hamid , Zarnani Amir-Hassan , Abdolalizadeh Jalal , Yadegar Abbas , Zali Mohammad Reza 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

TcdA and TcdB are known as the major virulence attributes of
Clostridioides difficile
. Hence, neutralizing the TcdA and TcdB activities can be considered as an efficient therapeutic approach against
C. difficile
infection (CDI). In this work, we utilized phage display technique to select single-chain fragment variable (scFv) fragments as recombinant antibodies displayed on the surface of phages, which specifically target native TcdA, or TcdB (nTcdA and nTcdB), and their recombinant C-terminal combined repetitive oligopeptide (CROP) domains (rTcdA and rTcdB). After three rounds of biopanning, abundance of phage clones displaying high reactivity with TcdA or TcdB was quantified through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, selected scFvs were characterized by cell viability and neutralization assays. The gene expression of immunological markers, IL-8 and TNF-α, was examined in treated Caco-2 cells by RT-qPCR. The epitopes of neutralizing scFvs were also identified by molecular docking. Totally, 18 scFv antibodies (seven for TcdA and 11 for TcdB) were identified by ELISA. Among selected scFvs, two clones for TcdA (rA-C2, A-C9) and three clones for TcdB (rB-B4, B-F5, B-F11) exhibited the highest neutralizing activity in Caco-2 and Vero cells. Moreover, the cocktail of anti-TcdA and anti-TcdB antibodies notably decreased the mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-8 in Caco-2 cells. Molecular docking revealed that the interaction between scFv and toxin was mostly restricted to CROP domain of TcdA or TcdB. Our results collectively provided more insights for the development of neutralizing scFvs against
C. difficile
toxins using phage display. Further research is needed to meticulously evaluate the potential of scFvs as an alternative treatment for CDI using animal models and clinical trials.

IMPORTANCE

Targeting the major toxins of
Clostridioides difficile
by neutralizing antibodies is a novel therapeutic approach for CDI. Here, we report a panel of new anti-TcdA (rA-C2, A-C9) and anti-TcdB (rB-B4, B-F5, and B-F11) recombinant antibody fragments (scFvs) isolated from Tomlinson I and J libraries using phage display technique. These scFv antibodies were capable of neutralizing their respective toxin and showed promise as potential therapeutics against TcdA and TcdB of
C. difficile
in different
in vitro
models. In addition,
in silico
analysis showed that at least two neutralization mechanisms, including inhibiting cell surface binding of toxins and inhibiting toxin internalization can be proposed for the isolated scFvs in this work. These findings provide more insights for the applicability of specific scFvs toward
C. difficile
toxins at
in vitro
level. However, further research is required to evaluate the potential application of these scFvs as therapeutic agents for CDI treatment in clinical setting.
An introduction to the Triassic and Jurassic of the Junggar Basin, China: advances in palaeontology and environments
Authors: Sha Jingeng , Slater Sam M. , Olsen Paul E. , Vajda Vivi , Zhang Haichun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Junggar Basin, NW China, hosts continuous and well-exposed Late Triassic and Jurassic continental strata. Extensive coal, oil and gas deposits occur within the basin and, together with the high-palaeolatitude locality and continental records of several Mesozoic geological events, make the sedimentary successions globally important. This special publication focuses on these successions, presenting recent advances in palaeontology, geology and palaeoenvironments. The contents span various topics, including studies of fauna, flora, stratigraphy, geochemistry, palaeogeography, palaeoclimate, petroleum reservoir quality, the end-Triassic mass extinction, the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event, Triassic–Jurassic seasonal freezing and true polar wander. To provide continuity throughout the various papers, where possible, bed numbers for all stratigraphic units are provided, enabling findings to be compared among studies and tested in the future. This special publication highlights that the sediments of the Junggar Basin provide important long-term records of continental life and environmental changes through the Triassic and Jurassic.
Sucrose, Lactose, Thermogravimetry, and Differential Thermal Analysis: The Estimation of the Moisture Bond Types in Lactose-Containing Ingredients for Confectionery Products with Reduced Glycemic Index
Authors: Melnikova Elena , Bogdanova Ekaterina , Paveleva Daria , Saranov Igor 
Published: September 2023

This research is aimed at conducting a comparative analysis of the dehydration process of lactose-containing ingredients and sucrose. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG) methods were used to investigate the moisture bond types and the process of thermal degradation in native whey, dried skimmed milk, dried whole milk, dried milk whey demineralized, purified lactose, and sucrose. There were several peaks on the DSC and TG curves for lactose-containing ingredients. They determine the loss of the physically absorbed water on surfaces, physically occluded water and hydrate-forming water (up to 180°C), anomerization of lactose (160–220°C), and melting followed by decomposition (above 230°C). The multiple peaks on the dDSC curves from 135 to 170°C indicate the course of the Maillard reaction in the mix with proteins. For the native whey, the amount of chemically bound water was

56.11
±
1

%; for the dried whole milk, it was

59.86
±
1

%; for the milk whey demineralized, it was

64.56
±
1

%; and for the dried skimmed milk, it was

67.17
±
1

%. The results are presented as

mean

values
±
SD

(

n
=
3

) and were considered statistically significant when

P
<
0.05

. The similar to some extent form of the DSC and TG curves to lactose-containing ingredients and granulated sugar confirms the possibility of using them as the component of bakery and confectionery product formulas to reduce the glycemic index and improve organoleptic properties of products as well as correct their mineral compositions. Considering the constant changing of technologies for obtaining various dairy ingredients as well as the occurrence of their new kinds, such studies contribute to the expansion of existing knowledge and reference data.
Learning From Disaster: What Two Hurricanes Reveal About Ways to Design Public Space as Flood Infrastructure
Authors: Domlesky Anya 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article examines the resilience of two urban parks in the United States after extreme flooding caused by separate hurricane events. It provides early lessons for designers, planners, and engineers of open and park space from a practice-based research group and two academic partnerships. The first site is coastal, a waterfront park in New York City, New York. The focus was on understanding how elements of the design and construction of Hunter’s Point South Waterfront Park, Phase 1, contributed to a high level of resilience during and after Hurricane Sandy, especially related to coastal flooding, storm surge, and heavy rains. The second site is on the principal river system in Houston, Texas. The focus was on understanding how elements of the design and construction of a 160-acre section of Buffalo Bayou Park contributed to a high level of resilience during and after Hurricane Harvey, which brought heavy rains, increased water velocity, and extended submergence.
Could Religions Augment Cooperation by Recruiting Hamilton’s Rule through the Use of Fictive Kinship Language?
Authors: Atkinson Andrew Ross 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSome scholars have raised the potential functional role of fictive kinship for religion, generally. This paper seeks to develop that idea. It is argued in this paper that fictive kinship language in religion (and some other non-religious contexts) recruits traits connected to Hamilton’s rule as it is expressed inHomo sapienspsychology. The effect is that cooperation is augmented within a population that generally shares the same religious worldview. The general position is that if religions are in the business of cooperation and this partially accounts for their evolution and preservation, then it follows that we should take particular note of any significant feature of religions that might lend itself to the cooperation account of religion’s apparent evolutionary success. Fictive kinship is one such feature.
Native Ontological Framework Guides Causal Reasoning: Evidence from Wichi People
Authors: Fernández Ruiz Matías , Taverna Andrea 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Causal cognition – how we perceive, represent and reason about causal events – are fundamental to the human mind, but it has rarely been approached in its cultural specificity. Here, we investigate this core concept among Wichi people, an indigenous group living in Chaco Forest. We focus on the Wichi, because their epistemological orientations and explanatory frameworks about ecosystem differ importantly from those documented among most Western majority-culture populations. We asked participants to reason about causes of events that involve the hunhat lheley (inhabitants of the earth: humans, non-human animals, plants and spiritual beings) and other entities of their ecosystem (e.g., lagoon). We find a native ontological framework that encompasses three interacting organizing principles. This new evidence highlights ways in which native categories guide causal reasoning. Our research challenge long-held assumptions that dichotomies – nature-culture or natural-supernatural – are universal features of the human mind.
Marine Malacostraca (Arthropoda, Crustacea) from the Gulf of Oran (Algerian west coast)
Authors: Kerfouf Ahmed , De los Ríos-Escalante Patricio R. , Esse Carlos 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This present paper presents an inventory of benthic Malacostraca in the Gulf of Oran. The softbottom crustacean fauna was studied between February 2021 and September 2021. Samples were collected from 8 coastal stations. The class Malacostraca was represented with 2 subclasses, Eumalacostraca and Phyllocarida. Sixty-one species and 290 individuals belonging to seven crustacean orders (Amphipoda, Decapoda, Isopoda, Tanaidacea, Mysida, Lophogastrida and Leptostraca) were identified. Amphipoda were represented with the highest number of species (36) followed by Decapoda (11) and Isopoda (6). Tanaidacea and Mysida were poorly represented, with 3 and 2 species, respectively. Lophogastrida and Leptostraca were both represented by only one species. Among the crustaceans encountered, Ampelisca was the most dominant genus. The present inventory indicates that the carcinological fauna in the Gulf of Oran is less diversified than it is in other zones that have been studied on the Algerian coast (Gulf of Arzew, Bay of Bou-Ismail, and Bay of Algiers).
Entretiens avec Fawzia Zouari et Hélé Béji
Authors: Alba Sonia 
Published: September 2023

Résumé
Cet article présente des entretiens réalisés en 2014 avec les auteurs franco-tunisiens Fawzia Zouari et Hélé Béji dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche de doctorat. Les discussions permettent d’explorer les raisons qui ont porté les auteures à écrire dans différents genres littéraires, tels que le journalisme, les essais et les romans, ainsi que leur choix d’écrire en français. Les entretiens abordent également l’intérêt des auteures pour les droits des femmes en Tunisie avant et après la Révolution de 2010–11, ainsi que leur engagement politique et leur contribution à un contre-discours dans le pays. Ces entretiens fournissent des perspectives précieuses sur l’œuvre des auteures et leur impact sur la société tunisienne.
Sovereignty as the Axis of State-Making: the Re-sovereignisation of the Republic of China/Taiwan’s South China Sea Claim
Authors: Tseng Hui-Yi Katherine 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article proposes to repostulate the sovereignty-statehood complex of the Republic of China (roc/Taiwan)—namely, the dynamism between its full-fledged sovereign capability and its indeterminate statehood—by using a critical-constructivist approach. To counter legal textualism and rigidity, a three-phase approach is developed to address the under-theorisation of this issue by analysing (1) the establishment of a modern nation-state governance system, (2) identifying the national of the nation-state polity, and (3) obtaining democratic authorisation of its sovereign practice. Therefore, a state should not be considered a static edifice but an ongoing process, fraught with re-instantiations of sovereign exercises via consistent practices, through which criteria of statehood can be re-contemplated and refined. The roc/Taiwan’s South China Sea claim thus effectively demonstrates that its re-sovereignisation remains unaccomplished and has produced a stalemate that substantially impacts the roc/Taiwan’s ongoing state-making efforts.