bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What It Means to Put Your Thinking Hat on: Six Thinking Hats to Enhance Creativity
Authors: Sohi Kamalpreet Kaur , Singh Neha 
Published: July 2023

Aims: To assess the effect of ‘Six Thinking Hats’ training on creativity among adolescents.
Study Design: Pre-post experimental control group design was used.
Methodology: 200 participants were included (50 control group; 150 experimental group; age range 16-18 years) from different schools of Patiala and Sangrur using incidental sampling. The participants of the experimental group were given intervention over 4 weeks.
Results: The results revealed that participants in the experimental group exhibited higher levels of creativity (M = 30.62) compared to the control group (M = 25.24). The intervention had a significant effect on creativity, as indicated by the statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups [F (1, 198) = 42.11, P< .001].
Conclusion: The ‘Six Thinking Hats’ training yielded a statistically significant enhancement in creativity among the participants in the experimental group.
Response of Various Intercrops on Growth and Yield Attributes of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under Irrigated Situation
Authors: Sangameshwari P. 
Published: July 2023

Intercropping in cotton is one of the best approachs to improve the food security and soil fertility in addition to that of generating cash income of the rural poor. At present intercropping is common in conventional agriculture to augment the land use and also symbolic in reducing the weeds infestation. But, introducing superfluity population of intercrops without reducing the base crop population is of preeminence. Therefore field experiments were conducted at farmer’s field located at Erode District in Tamil Nadu, India (during 2018-2019) to investigate the compatible, remunerative and best smothering intercrops on the base crop, cotton. The experiment was outlayed in randomized block design with three replications. The treatment encompass of seven treatments viz., Cotton alone (Gossypium hirsutum L.), Cotton + Blackgram (Vigna mungo), Cotton + Greengram (Vigna radiata), Cotton + Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Cotton + Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Cotton + Onion (Allium cepa) and Cotton + Sesame (Sesamum indicum). The study clearly showed that among the treatments Cotton + Cowpea showed superior response in growth attributes like plant height (harvest stage) (153.23 cm), LAI -Leaf Area Index at 70 DAS (6.18), DMP – Dry Matter Production at harvest ( 6788.01 kg per ha) and yield attributes like number of Monopodial branches per plant (3.22), number of Sympodial branches per plant (19.62), number of squares per plant (48.83), number of bolls per plant (32.23), boll weight (3.98 g) and seed cotton yield (2455.70 t ha-1) and next in order was Cotton + Blackgram. The result evidently proved that Cotton + Cowpea will be an appropriate intercropping system for cotton and it was having considerable increase in growth and yield of cotton.
Trends in Alcohol-Related Deaths by Sex in the US, 1999-2020
Authors: Karaye Ibraheem M. , Maleki Nasim , Hassan Nawaal , Yunusa Ismaeel 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceAlcohol consumption rates have been increasing among women in the US, which may affect mortality rates and sex gaps. Therefore, conducting a comprehensive assessment of sex differences in alcohol-related deaths is essential to inform targeted interventions and policies aimed at reducing the burden of alcohol-related harm among the population.ObjectiveTo examine sex differences in the burden and trends of alcohol-related mortality in the US from 1999 to 2020.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional time series study used Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research data on alcohol-related deaths from 1999 to 2020. Alcohol-related deaths were identified from the underlying cause of death files using International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, codes, including alcohol-related poisoning, liver disease, gastritis, cardiomyopathy, myopathy, polyneuropathy, and pseudo-Cushing syndrome, among others.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAge-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were analyzed by sex and substratified by race and ethnicity, age, and census region. Rate ratios and 95% CIs calculated by Taylor series were used to assess sex differences in mortality burden. Joinpoint regression was used to assess temporal trends.ResultsA total of 605 948 alcohol-attributed deaths were identified in the US from 1999 through 2020 (AAMR, 8.3 per 100 000 persons; 95% CI, 8.3-8.3 per 100 000 persons). The mortality burden was higher among male individuals than female individuals, with male individuals being 2.88 (95% CI, 2.86-2.89) times more likely to die compared with female individuals. However, temporal trends showed an increase in alcohol-related deaths for both male and female individuals in recent years, with higher rates of increase among female individuals relative to male individuals. The AAMR increased by 12.5% (95% CI, 6.4%-19.1%) per year among male individuals from 2018 to 2020 but increased by 14.7% (95% CI, 9.1%-20.5%) per year among female individuals during the same period. Trend differences were observed across subtypes of age, race and ethnicity, cause, and region.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study of alcohol-related mortality in the US suggests there has been a significantly higher rate of increase in deaths among female individuals in recent years. These findings underscore the need for further research to understand the specific factors associated with this trend. The development of targeted interventions and evidence-based treatments for alcohol use among female individuals becomes imperative in effectively addressing the increasing rates of alcohol-related deaths.
Influence of environmental conditions on population growth and age‐specific vital rates of a long‐lived primate species in two contrasted habitats
Authors: Neves Elisa , Vallet Dominique , Pierre Jean‐Sébastien , Thierry Hugo , Le Gouar Pascaline , Ménard Nelly 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs wildlife is increasingly affected by environmental change, identifying how vital rates vary with ecological factors is essential to predict the consequences of environmental perturbations on wild population dynamics. We explored the effects of habitat constraints on the demographic and life history patterns of two Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus) populations living in two contrasted habitats in Algeria. Using 11 years of field data, we estimated age‐specific survival rates of females and of infants of both sexes, as well as female reproduction rates. We investigated how these vital rates were influenced by both intra‐ and inter‐habitat environmental variations. We parameterized age‐structured female‐only transition matrices and conducted a prospective analysis to estimate the contribution of each vital rate to the populations' asymptotic growth rates (λ). A retrospective analysis (LTRE, Life Table Response Experiment) was also conducted to determine how each vital rate contributed to the observed differences in λ between populations. The macaques exhibited common patterns of survival and reproduction (low rates at young ages, and then high and stable until a decrease at old ages), with first evidence of both actuarial and reproductive senescence. Both populations were growing. In both populations, adult and immature survival had the highest elasticities, and remained stable in changing environmental conditions. By contrast, infant survival and female reproduction had low elasticities, and varied more with environmental variations. As Barbary macaque habitats are increasingly degrading, we provide robust estimates of their vital rates with conservation implications, in particular to predict population responses to anthropogenic perturbations.
Plant Chimaeras and Mosaics
Authors: Bossinger Gerd , Spokevicius Antanas V 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPlant chimaeras and mosaics are not only found in our gardens as variegated ornamentals. They also constitute valuable research tools with a range of applications in developmental and molecular biology. For example, much of our knowledge about the development of the shoot and root apical meristems is derived from studying patterns of variegation, and where patterns persist throughout the plant, deductions can be made as to the fate of individual meristematic cells and the number and arrangement of initial cells giving rise to a variety of plant organs or structures. At a molecular level, chimaeras and mosaics can shed light on the cell autonomy of a certain trait, inform us about the propagation and movement of molecular signals and indeed allow us to directly compare genetically distinct tissues in a single organism to determine specific gene function.Key ConceptsMeristematic tissue contains undifferentiated cells which divide and differentiate to produce the plant body.Apical meristems are found at the tips of shoots and roots and comprise of meristematic tissue.By grafting, plant parts are manually brought together to physically connect to each other and continue to grow.Fate mapping is a methodology used in developmental biology to understand how cell/s divide to contribute to an organism's body.Cell signalling involves obtaining, interpreting and/or transferring information between cells and their environment.Genetic transformation involves the transfer of foreign DNA and its integration into the genome of a host cell from where it is then passed onto daughter cells.Bud sports are lateral shoots or inflorescences which are visibly different to the rest of the plant.
The Eukaryotic mRNA Cap Structure
Authors: Pelletier Jerry , Sonenberg Nahum 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn contrast to bacteria, eukaryotic cellular cytoplasmic (except for organellar) mRNAs are blocked at their 5′ ends by a unique structure – the m7GpppN cap, where N is any nucleotide and m is a methyl group. The cap is an essential mRNA feature as it is critical to several steps of gene expression. Its role in translation and mRNA stability is particularly well studied. Interest in the cap has recently surged given the development of mRNA‐based vaccines and mRNA therapeutics.Key ConceptsThe m7GpppN cap plays a pivotal role in gene expression in eukaryotes.The rapid development of SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccines underscores the importance of funding fundamental research, without a translational milestone, as this is the path that often leads to paradigm shifts in knowledge base.Many forms of translation control (stimulation and repression) are mediated by different cap‐binding proteins and underscore the broad roles that the cap plays in gene expression.Development of synthetic cap structures enables the implementation of user‐defined regulation of gene expression.Fundamental research on the cap structure over the last 45 years has set the stage for its use in RNA‐based medicines (e.g. SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccines) that could be rapidly deployed with guaranteed performancein vivo.
Metal–amino acid complexes (Zn, Se, Cu, Fe, and Mn) enhance immune response, antioxidant capacity, liver function enzymes, and expression of cytokine genes in Nile Tilapia reared under field conditions
Authors: El-Sayed Abdel-Fattah M. , Figueiredo-Silva Claudia , Zeid Salma M. S. , Makled Sarah O. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
In the present study, we investigated the effects of partial or total replacement of dietary inorganic trace materials (ITM) with metal–amino acid complexes (MAACs) on immune response, antioxidant capacity, cytokine genes expression, and overall health status of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus reared in in-pond hapas (mesh cages) under field conditions.

Methods
All-male Nile Tilapia with an average initial weight of about 90 g fish−1 were stocked into the hapas, in quadruplicates, at a density of 60 fish per hapa (30 fish m−3). The fish in each hapa were acclimatized to culture conditions and test diets for 1 week. Water quality parameters, including temperature (°C), pH, dissolved oxygen (mg L−1), and total ammonia (mg L−1), were monitored regularly. The MAACs were formulated to contain the same mineral concentrations found in the inorganic premix. Metal–amino acid complexes replaced the ITM premix at 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, and 100% levels (Table 1). The diets were fed to caged Nile Tilapia twice a day, for 80 days, at a daily rate of 3% of their body weights. The fish were weighed every 10 days, and the daily rations were readjusted. At harvest, fish in each hapa were collected, counted, and weighed collectively. Five fish from each hapa were rapidly anesthetized, and used for chemical and physiological analyses, including antioxidant and immune response analyses, liver function analysis, and gene expression.

Result
The activities of lysozyme, respiratory burst (%), alternative complement (ACH50), phagocytic cells, phenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and liver function enzymes were all improved with increasing supplemental MAACs up to the 50% substitution level. The expression of cytokine genes, including interferon, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, serum alkaline phosphatase, the integrated microbial genomes, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, and transforming growth factor genes, was significantly upregulated in fish fed on MAAC-supplemented diets compared with the control group. The 50% MAAC level produced the highest upregulation of these genes, whereas gene expression decreased with increasing dietary MAAC levels to 75% and 100%. The quadratic regression analysis indicated that about 60–65% MAAC is required for maximum promotion of immunological and oxidative stress responses, gene expression, and overall health status of Nile Tilapia reared in in-pond hapas under field conditions.

Conclusion
Replacement of the ITM premix with a MAAC premix enhanced the immune and antioxidant responses of Nile Tilapia.
Structure Formation in Tailor‐Made Buriti Oil Emulsion During Simulated Digestion
Authors: Freire Rafael V. M. , Hong Linda , Peterek Miroslav , Canarelli Stéphane , Rezzi Serge , Salentinig Stefan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFunctional food emulsions enriched in health‐promoting nutrients can help to maintain and improve health and lifestyle. The oil extracted from the Amazonian buriti fruit is renowned for its high levels of carotenoid, vitamin E, and unsaturated fatty acids, which have been linked to improvements in cardiometabolic health. Here, buriti oil in water emulsions are developed and their colloidal transformations are investigated in an advanced digestion model with oral, gastric, and intestinal parts with in situ synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray scattering, cryogenic electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering under simulated “healthy” and “compromised” digestive conditions. The interior oil phase of whey‐stabilized buriti oil‐in‐water emulsion transforms into highly ordered lyotropic liquid crystalline structures during simulated intestinal digestion at compromised bile conditions. Simulated gastric digestion influences intestinal digestion by slowing it down, resulting in less ordered structures. The digestion‐triggered structure formation is pH‐ and bile salt‐dependent and can be modulated by adding vitamin E to the oil. This tailoring of structures during digestion offers a new pathway to steer digestion kinetics and nutrient bioavailability.
Adaptive Interfacial Contact between Copper Nanoparticles and Triazine Functionalized Graphdiyne Substrate for Improved Lithium/Sodium Storage
Authors: Liu Jingyi , Zhang Luwei , Wang Kaihang , Jiang Chao , Zhang Chunfang , Wang Ning 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe high activity of nano‐sized metal particles (NMPs) makes it easy to appear uncontrolled aggregation, which seriously affects Li/Na storage in electrode materials. Introducing adaptive substrates with proper affinity to NMPs is an effective strategy that optimizes the stability and capacity of the related electrodes. Herein, a comprehensive strategy for the fabrication of adaptive interfacial contacts between metallic Cu nanoparticles (NPs) and triphenyl‐substituted triazine graphdiyne (TPTG) substrates is reported. The sp C in the acetylenic linkers and N heteroatoms in the triazine groups synergistically stabilized the Cu NPs loaded onto the TPTG substrates. The stabilizing effect of the TPTG substrate induces a reversible lattice change of the Cu NPs during the charge–discharge process, thus efficiently facilitating the stable transfer of Li+/Na+. Intrinsic mechanism analysis indicates that the heterojunction contact interface of Cu NPs/TPTG provides branched charge transfer pathways from Li/Na to the Cu NPs and TPTG substrates, which synergistically adjusts the affinity to Li/Na atoms and ultimately improves the electrochemical performance in Li/Na storage. The investigation of the structure–property relationship deepens the understanding of the function of heterointerfaces, which is essential for optimizing the performance of energy storage devices.
Direct Synthesis of Fluorinated Carbon Materials via a Solid‐State Mechanochemical Reaction Between Graphite and PTFE
Authors: Jang Boo‐Jae , Zhao Qiannan , Baek Jae‐Hoon , Seo Jeong‐Min , Jeon Jong‐Pil , Kweon Do Hyung , Han Gao‐Feng , Xu Chaohe , Baek Jong‐Beom 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFluorinated carbon materials (FCMs) have received significant attention, because of their exceptional stability, which is associated with the strong C‐F bonding, the strongest among carbon single bonds. However, the fluorination of carbon materials requires extremely toxic and moisture‐sensitive reagents, which makes it inapplicable for practical uses. Here, a straightforward and relatively safe method are reported for the scalable synthesis of FCMs, by mechanochemical depolymerization of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and fragmentation of graphite. The resultant FCMs are evaluated as anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). An optimized FCM delivered capacities as high as 951.6 and 329.3 mAh g −1 at 0.05 and 10 A g −1, respectively. It also demonstrated capacity retention as high as 76.6% even after 1000 cycles at 2.0 A g −1.
hESC‐Derived Epicardial Cells Promote Repair of Infarcted Hearts in Mouse and Swine
Authors: Luo Xiao‐Ling , Jiang Yun , Li Qiang , Yu Xiu‐Jian , Ma Teng , Cao Hao , Ke Min‐Xia , Zhang Peng , Tan Ji‐Liang , Gong Yan‐Shan , Wang Li , Gao Ling , Yang Huang‐Tian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI) causes excessive damage to the myocardium, including the epicardium. However, whether pluripotent stem cell‐derived epicardial cells (EPs) can be a therapeutic approach for infarcted hearts remains unclear. Here, the authors report that intramyocardial injection of human embryonic stem cell‐derived EPs (hEPs) at the acute phase of MI ameliorates functional worsening and scar formation in mouse hearts, concomitantly with enhanced cardiomyocyte survival, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. Mechanistically, hEPs suppress MI‐induced infiltration and cytokine‐release of inflammatory cells and promote reparative macrophage polarization. These effects are blocked by a type I interferon (IFN‐I) receptor agonist RO8191. Moreover, intelectin 1 (ITLN1), abundantly secreted by hEPs, interacts with IFN‐β and mimics the effects of hEP‐conditioned medium in suppression of IFN‐β‐stimulated responses in macrophages and promotion of reparative macrophage polarization, whereas ITLN1 downregulation in hEPs cancels beneficial effects of hEPs in anti‐inflammation, IFN‐I response inhibition, and cardiac repair. Further, similar beneficial effects of hEPs are observed in a clinically relevant porcine model of reperfused MI, with no increases in the risk of hepatic, renal, and cardiac toxicity. Collectively, this study reveals hEPs as an inflammatory modulator in promoting infarct healing via a paracrine mechanism and provides a new therapeutic approach for infarcted hearts.
High Thermoelectric Performance in Cu2SnS3 by Control Over Phase‐Dependent Mobility Edge
Authors: Zhang De , Zhang Bin , Zhou Zizhen , Wang Guiwen , Cheng Zien , Jiang Pengfei , Wu Hong , Chen Peng , Han Guang , Wang Guoyu , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Lu Xu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractComplex thermoelectric materials composed of multiple phases with order/disorder mixing feature have drawn intense attention due to their high performance. However, some physical mechanisms relevant to thermoelectric properties including the relationship between carrier mobility and disorder extent in these materials are still elusive. Here, a phase‐dependent mobility edge in (Cu2Sn1‐yS3)0.85(CuGaS2)0.15 solid solutions is demonstrated. By control over the mobility edge in these solid solutions by increasing the ratio of tetragonal phase with less disorder, a weakened localization of electronic states and promoted carrier mobility are realized. Combined with reduced lattice thermal conductivity, a record high zT value of 1.22 is attained at 823 K for (Cu2Sn0.92S3)0.85(CuGaS2)0.15 with the lowered mobility edge. The findings shed light on a new route to tuning the electrical and thermal transport properties for complex thermoelectric materials with multiple phases.
Realizing High Thermoelectric Performance in N‐Type Mg3(Sb, Bi)2‐Based Materials via Synergetic Mo Addition and Sb–Bi Ratio Refining
Authors: Wang Longquan , Sato Naoki , Peng Ying , Chetty Raju , Kawamoto Naoyuki , Nguyen Duy Hieu , Mori Takao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDeveloping thermoelectric (TE) performance is impeded by the compromise of TE parameters, resulting in inadequate conversion efficiency of heat to electricity. Herein, this work reports that Mo is a particularly effective additive in Mg3Sb2‐based alloys with significantly improved electronic transport via grain‐boundary engineering and band‐structure regulation synergy. In addition, phonon transport is simultaneously suppressed by employing multiple effects, lattice imperfection scattering, reduced phonon group velocity, and enhanced atomic disorder, leading to a minimum κlat = 0.52 W m−1 K−1 at 723 K. As a result, an outstanding ZT peak of ≈1.84 at 723 K and ZTav = 1.34 within 323–723 K are achieved in Mg3Sb2‐based alloys, and the corresponding fabricated single‐leg TE module shows an exceptionally high conversion efficiency of ≈12% under a hot‐side temperature of 450 °C. These results demonstrate the great potential for advancing mid‐temperature heat harvesting in Mg3Sb2‐based materials.
Pseudoaneurysms: Different ultrasound patterns, aetiologies and locations
Authors: Abou Diwan Ralph , Kaadi Lea , Hachem Samir , Smayra Tarek , Slaba Sami , Chalhoub Berthe , Hachem Kamal 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPseudoaneurysms are frequent vascular anomalies. This review article aims to describe the unique specific aspect of pseudoaneurysm (PSA) that allows to make the diagnosis using different modalities: colour Doppler ultrasound, computed tomographic angiography, magnetic resonance angiography and conventional angiography. It is essential to know the various aetiologies of PSA: iatrogenic, traumatic, dissecting and anastomotic; different locations and the possible complications, information to help clinicians choose the best treatment. Our review is supported by illustrated series of cases.
The impact of nasal packing on skull base reconstruction and quality‐of‐life outcomes following endoscopic skull base surgery
Authors: Abiri Arash , Nguyen Theodore V. , Li Ji Y. , Shan David , Hsu Timothy , Pang Jonathan C. , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Hsu Frank P. K. , Kuan Edward C. 
Published: July 2023

Key Points
Nasal packing type was not associated with postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks
Nondissolvable packing conferred an increased risk for postoperative sinonasal infections
Nasal packing type did not influence short‐ and long‐term quality‐of‐life scores