bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methylation-Specific Oligonucleotide Microarray: A New Potential for High-Throughput Methylation Analysis
Authors: Gitan Raad S. , Shi Huidong , Chen Chuan-Mu , Yan Pearlly S. , Huang Tim Hui-Ming 
Published: July 2002

Oligonucleotide microarray-based hybridization is an emerging technology for genome-wide detection of DNA variations. We have extended this principle and developed a novel approach, called methylation-specific oligonucleotide (MSO) microarray, for detecting changes of DNA methylation in cancer. The method uses bisulfite-modified DNA as a template for PCR amplification, resulting in conversion of unmethylated cytosine, but not methylated cytosine, into thymine within CpG islands of interest. The amplified product, therefore, may contain a pool of DNA fragments with altered nucleotide sequences due to differential methylation status. A test sample is hybridized to a set of oligonucleotide (19–23 nucleotides in length) arrays that discriminate methylated and unmethylated cytosine at specific nucleotide positions, and quantitative differences in hybridization are determined by fluorescence analysis. A unique control system is also implemented to test the accuracy and reproducibility of oligonucleotides designed for microarray hybridization. This MSO microarray was applied to map methylated CpG sites within the humanestrogen receptor α (ERα) gene CpG island in breast cancer cell lines, normal fibroblasts, breast tumors, and normal controls. Methylation patterns of the breast cancer cell lines, determined by MSO microarray, were further validated by bisulfite nucleotide sequencing (P <0.001). This proof-of-principle study shows that MSO microarray is a promising technique for mapping methylation changes in multiple CpG island loci and for generating epigenetic profiles in cancer.[The sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to the data library under accession no. X03635.1 G1:31233.]
Analysis of Obstetric Outcomes by Hospital Location, Volume, and Teaching Status Associated With Non–Medically Indicated Induction of Labor at 39 Weeks
Authors: Hersh Alyssa R. , Bullard Kimberley A. , Garg Bharti , Arora Megha , Mischkot Brooke F. , Caughey Aaron B. 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceNon–medically indicated induction of labor has been demonstrated to potentially improve some obstetric outcomes, such as decreasing cesarean birth. It has been reported that rates of cesarean birth and other obstetric outcomes vary among hospitals with different characteristics.ObjectiveTo assess whether obstetric outcomes differ between nulliparous individuals with low-risk pregnancies managed with non–medically indicated induction of labor compared with expectant management in different types of hospitals.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study included non–medically indicated induction of labor at 39 weeks' gestation compared with expectant management of singleton, nonanomalous, births in nulliparous women with low-risk pregnancies in California between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2011. The initial analysis of these data was performed in 2021. Outcomes were assessed by 3 hospital characteristics: location (urban vs rural), obstetric volume, and teaching (academic vs community) status. Volume was categorized based on the average number of births per year and grouped into low (&amp;lt;1200 births per year), medium (1200-2399 births per year), and high (≥2400 births per year). Births with previous or planned cesarean delivery were excluded, and non–medically indicated induction of labor was defined as induction of labor without a specific medical indication. Testing with χ2 and multivariable logistic regression analyses was used for statistical comparisons with a cutoff level of P = .01.ExposureNon–medically indicated induction of labor at 39 weeks’ gestation.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was cesarean birth, and numerous secondary perinatal outcomes were also assessed.ResultsThere were 455 044 births included in this study. When stratified by hospital variables, a number of sociodemographic characteristics were significantly different, such as race and ethnicity, age, body mass index, and insurance type. The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of cesarean birth were significantly lower in all settings with induction of labor except for low-volume hospitals, in which there was no significant difference (aOR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.82-1.09). Chorioamnionitis and postpartum hemorrhage were lower with induction of labor among nearly every hospital when stratified by hospital characteristics. Neonatal outcomes were improved in all settings with induction of labor compared with expectant management.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that non–medically indicated induction of labor may be associated with a lower rate of cesarean births and some maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes in a range of hospital settings.
Estimating mesocarnivore abundance on commercial farmland using distance sampling with camera traps
Authors: McKaughan Jamie E. T. , Stephens Philip A. , Hill Russell A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMesocarnivores are of particular interest in wildlife management. Their adaptability makes them a focus of public attention globally, as negative interactions with people occur regularly, but their importance to wider ecosystem function is increasingly apparent. Robust methods for estimating mesocarnivore densities are essential for long‐term management strategies. Estimating densities of unmarked populations remains challenging, but new methods, based on camera trapping, have recently become available and require field testing.We conducted two camera trap surveys over two 200 km2areas of commercial farmland in South Africa. One survey sampled 25 locations, while the second used a migrating grid to sample 59 locations; total sampling effort was similar across the two surveys. We applied distance sampling with camera traps (CTDS), developing a method to estimate animal distances by applying a distance measurement overlay grid to camera trap images.We aimed to establish meaningful density estimates of the mesocarnivore guild and evaluate CTDS's suitability for broader use with these types of species. We obtained density estimates for four carnivores, African civetCivettictis civetta, black‐backed jackalCanis mesomelas, brown hyenaHyaena brunneaand caracalCaracal caracal, providing valuable insight into their status in commercial farmland. Imprecision in the estimates was almost exclusively due to encounter rate variance, which was not reduced with the migrating camera grid.We explored the sensitivity of our results to assumptions determining the value of the ‘snapshot interval’, demonstrating that careful selection of this parameter is vital to ensuring reliable estimates when using rapid‐fire photo burst modes.CTDS can provide useful density estimates for mesocarnivores, but future studies should aim to maximize precision and reliability by increasing sampling locations. More studies are required in areas with known densities to promote confidence in accuracy.
Improving synthetic CT accuracy by combining the benefits of multiple normalized preprocesses
Authors: Cao Zheng , Gao Xiang , Chang Yankui , Liu Gongfa , Pei Yuanji 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of different normalization preprocesses in deep learning on the accuracy of different tissues in synthetic computed tomography (sCT) and to combine their advantages to improve the accuracy of all tissues.MethodsThe cycle‐consistent adversarial network (CycleGAN) model was used to generate sCT images from megavolt cone‐beam CT (MVCBCT) images. In this study, 2639 head MVCBCT and CT image pairs from 203 patients were collected as a training set, and 249 image pairs from 29 patients were collected as a test set. We normalized the voxel values in images to 0 to 1 or −1 to 1, using two linear and five nonlinear normalization preprocessing methods to obtain seven data sets and compared the accuracy of different tissues in different sCT obtained from training these data. Finally, to combine the advantages of different normalization preprocessing methods, we obtained sCT_Blur by cropping, stitching, and smoothing (OpenCV's cv2.medianBlur, kernel size 5) each group of sCTs and evaluated its image quality and accuracy of OARs.ResultsDifferent normalization preprocesses made sCT more accurate in different tissues. The proposed sCT_Blur took advantage of multiple normalization preprocessing methods, and all tissues are more accurate than the sCT obtained using a single conventional normalization method. Compared with other sCT images, the structural similarity of sCT_Blur versus CT was improved to 0.906 ± 0.019. The mean absolute errors of the CT numbers were reduced to 15.7 ± 4.1 HU, 23.2 ± 7.1 HU, 11.5 ± 4.1 HU, 212.8 ± 104.6 HU, 219.4 ± 35.1 HU, and 268.8 ± 88.8 HU for the oral cavity, parotid, spinal cord, cavity, mandible, and teeth, respectively.ConclusionThe proposed approach combined the advantages of several normalization preprocessing methods to improve the accuracy of all tissues in sCT images, which is promising for improving the accuracy of dose calculations based on CBCT images in adaptive radiotherapy.
Tumor Microenvironment‐Responsive Nanocarrier Based on VOx Nanozyme Amplify Oxidative Stress for Tumor Therapy
Authors: Zhang Fang , Cheng Kai , Huang Zhuo‐Yao , Hou Xiao‐Lin , Zhang Xiao‐Shuai , Zhong Zi‐Tao , Hu Yong‐Guo , Lei Xiao‐Ling , Li Yong , Zhang Pei‐Jie , Zhao Yuan‐Di , Xu Qiu‐Ran 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe construction of a novel nanocarrier that can break the redox balance in tumor cell is a promising anti‐tumor strategy. Herein, a tumor microenvironment (TME)‐responsive nanocarrier VC@Lipo is rationally designed by embedding ultrasmall VOx nanozyme and photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) into liposomes. The size of VC@Lipo nanocarrier is ≈35 nm and can be degraded in the weakly acidic environment of TME. The VOx nanozyme exhibits peroxidase‐like activity and generates highly toxic hydroxyl radical ∙OH through Fenton‐like reaction and 1O2 in the presence of H2O2 independent of light, and more 1O2 can be generated by the photodynamic effect of Ce6. In addition, the VOx nanozyme can effectively deplete intracellular overexpressed glutathione (GSH) through redox reactions. In vivo experiments demonstrate that the nanocarrier shows excellent biocompatibility, presents the largest enrichment at the tumor site after 6 h of intravenous injection into mice with the highest tumor inhibition rate of 54.18% after laser irradiation. Compared with the single treatment mode, VC@Lipo shows the best synergistic effect of chemodynamic‐photodynamic therapy. This work provides a new paradigm for nanocatalytic therapy of cancer and is expected to provide new ideas for precision medicine in cancer.
Dual Catalytic Sites of Alloying Effect Bloom CO2 Catalytic Conversion for Highly Stable Li–CO2 Battery
Authors: Wang Zhen , Liu Bao , Yang Xing , Zhao Changtai , Dong Peng , Li Xue , Zhang Yannan , Doyle‐Davis Kieran , Zeng Xiaoyuan , Zhang Yingjie , Sun Xueliang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOwing to the ingenious utilization of CO2 conversion electrochemistry, rechargeable Li–CO2 batteries, have attracted more and more attention. However, the large potential polarization resulting from the sluggish CO2 reduction/evolution electrochemistry degrades energy efficiency and cycling performance. One possibility to break the kinetic bottlenecks of ‐Li–CO2 batteries is to design high‐efficiency catalysts with flexible geometric and electronic structures. Herein, an efficient synergistic catalyst with unique alloyed dual catalytic sites composed of uniformly ultrafine Ir–Ru alloyed nanoparticles modified nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotube composite (denoted as IrRu/N‐CNT) is synthesized. Combining the synergistic effect between the remarkably enhanced catalytic activity of Ir–Ru dual catalytic sites, the Li–CO2 battery delivers a high discharge capacity of 6228 mAh g−1 and outstanding stability over 7660 h. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation results uncover that the excellent electrochemical performance is ascribed to the novel dual catalytic sites on the surface of IrRu nanoalloys, which effectively modify its electronic structures and shorten the electron transfer pathway, leading to the deposition of film‐like Li2CO3 products. This study highlights the novel view of building a dual catalytic site and provides some new insights for understanding the catalytic mechanism of an alloying‐type bifunctional catalyst toward realizing high‐performance Li–CO2 batteries.
Does Salt Concentration Matter? New Insights on the Intercalation Behavior of PF6−${\rm{PF}}_6^ - $ into Graphite Cathode for the Dual‐Ion Battery
Authors: Guan Dichang , Wang Weigang , Chen Bo , Wu Jiahui , Hu Guorong , Peng Zhongdong , Cao Yanbing , Wen Lei , Du Ke 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA high‐concentration electrolyte is favored in dual‐ion batteries (DIBs) due to the lower onset potential for anion intercalation, higher specific discharge capacity, and better oxidation stability. Inspired by the correlation between the high‐concentration electrolytes and localized high‐concentration electrolytes, it is suspected that it is not the salt concentration but the solution structure of the electrolyte that determines the intercalation behavior of anion into graphite cathode. To prove the viewpoint, a series of electrolytes are prepared by controlling the salt concentration or solution structure and the intercalation behavior of within the graphite cathode is investigated in Li||graphite and graphite||graphite cells. It is found that anions exhibit similar onset potentials and specific discharge capacities in the electrolytes with different salt concentrations but similar solution structures. This study provides a new perspective on designing promising electrolytes for DIBs, which can accelerate the further exploitation of high‐performance DIBs.
Glycopeptide‐Based Multifunctional Hydrogels Promote Diabetic Wound Healing through pH Regulation of Microenvironment
Authors: Xia Hao , Dong Ze , Tang Qi , Ding Rongjian , Bai Yimeng , Zhou Ke , Wu Lihuang , Hao Lili , He Yiyan , Yang Jun , Mao Hongli , Gu Zhongwei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExcessive inflammation, bacterial infection, and blocked angiogenesis make diabetic wound healing challenging. Multifunctional wound dressings have several advantages in diabetic wound healing. In addition, the pH regulation of the microenvironment is shown to be a key factor that promotes skin regeneration through cellular immune regulation. However, few reports have focused on the development of functional dressings with the ability to regulate the pH microenvironment and promote diabetic wound healing. This study presents a novel approach for regulating the pH microenvironment of diabetic wound sites using a glycopeptide‐based hydrogel consisting of modified hyaluronic acid and poly(6‐aminocaproic acid). This hydrogel forms a network through Schiff base interactions and metal complexation, which suppresses inflammation and accelerates angiogenesis during wound healing. Hydrogels not only have adequate mechanical properties and self‐healing ability but can also support tissue adhesion. They can also promote the secretion of inducible cAMP early repressor, which promotes the polarization of macrophages toward the M2 type. The in vivo results confirm that hydrogel promotes diabetic wound repair and skin regeneration by exerting rapid anti‐inflammatory effects and promoting angiogenesis. Therefore, this hydrogel system represents an effective strategy for treating diabetic wounds.
Suppressing Ion Migration of Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots for High Efficiency Pure‐Red Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Xie Mingyuan , Guo Jie , Zhang Xiaoyu , Bi Chenghao , Sun Xuejiao , Li Hangren , Zhang Lin , Binks David , Li Gang , Zheng Weitao , Tian Jianjun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPerovskite‐based light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) with a mixed halide composition can be used to obtain the “pure red” emission, i.e., in the 620–650 nm range, required for high‐definition displays. However, fast halide ion migration induces phase separation in these materials under electric fields, resulting in poor spectral stability and low efficiency. Herein, a method for producing mixed halide CsPbI3‐xBrx quantum dots (QDs) is reported in which ion migration is suppressed. The mixed halide composition is first achieved by anion exchange between CsPbI3 QDs and hydrobromic acid (HBr), during that the bromine ions efficiently passivate the iodine vacancies of the QDs. The original oleic acid ligands are then exchanged for 1‐dodecanethiol (1‐DT), which suppresses halide ion migration via the strong binding of the sulfhydryl group with the QD surface. PeLEDs based on these QDs exhibit a pure‐red electroluminescence (EL) peak at 637 nm, a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 21.8% with an average value of 20.4%, a peak luminance of 2653 cd m−2, and low EQE decease with increasing luminance. The EL spectrum of these devices is stable even at 6.7 V and they have an EQE half‐life of 70 min at an initial luminance of 150 cd m−2.
Evoking Cooperative Geometric and Electronic Interactions at Nanometer Coherent Interfaces toward Enhanced Electrocatalysis
Authors: Song Huijun , Xu Xiaoqiu , Chen Jingjing , Zhang Yinling , Zhao Jia , Zhu Chongzhi , Zhang Hong , Peng Yong , Chen Qiaoli , Sheng Guan , Sun Tulai , Han Yu , Li Xiaonian , Zhu Yihan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntegrating high‐valence metal sites into transition metal‐based oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts turns out to be a prevailing solution to replacing noble metal‐based electrocatalysts. However, stabilizing the thermodynamically unfavorable high‐valence metal sites within the electrocatalyst remains challenging. Hereby, a general strategy is proposed that evokes cooperative geometric and electronic interactions at nanometer coherent interfaces, which effectively stabilizes interfacial high‐valence metal sites within homogeneously distributed heterostructures and significantly enhances electrocatalytic activity. As a proof‐of‐concept study, by derivatizing multicomponent isoreticular hybridized metal–organic frameworks with separated σ‐ or π‐bonded moieties, bimetal Ni–Fe selenides heterostructures with nanoscopic compositional and structural homogeneity are grafted. Such heterostructures entail nanometer‐sized coherent interfaces that accommodate large geometric distortions and cooperatively stabilize the energetically unfavorable Jahn–Teller active electronic states of high‐valence interfacial Ni sites. The presence of high‐valence interfacial Ni sites and associated collective Jahn–Teller distortions greatly facilitate the Ni oxidation cycling through Ni3+/Ni4+ transition and stabilizes the *O key intermediate at Ni‐Se dual sites, both of which synergistically lowers down the overall OER overpotential.
Strain‐Mediated Lattice Rotation Design for Enhancing Thermoelectric Performance in Bi2S2Se
Authors: Mansoor Adil , Jabar Bushra , Li Fu , Jamil Sidra , Fasehullah Muhammad , Chen Yue‐Xing , Liang Guang‐Xing , Fan Ping , Zheng Zhuang‐Hao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA unique strain‐mediated lattice rotation strategy is introduced via nanocompositing to upsurge the optimized limits in the composition‐to‐structural pathway on rationally engineering the efficient thermoelectric material. In this study, a special lattice rotation via strain engineering is realized to optimize the desired electronic and chemical environment for enhancing thermoelectric properties in n‐type Bi2S2Se. This approach results in a unique transport phenomenon to assist high‐energy electrons in transferring through the optimized transport channels, and appropriate structure disparity to significantly localize phonons. As a result, Sb over Cl doping in Bi2S2Se gently reduces Eg and introduces defect states in bandgap with shifting down the Fermi level, thus causing increase in carrier concentration, which contributes to a higher power factor of ≈7.18 µW cm−1 K−2 (at T = 773 K). Besides, a lower thermal conductivity of ≈0.49 W m−1 K−1 is driven through lattice strain and defect engineering. Consequently, an ultra‐high ZTmax = 1.13 (at T = 773 K) and a high ZTave = 0.54 (323 K‐773 K) are realized. This study not only leads to an extraordinary thermoelectric performance but also reveals a unique paradigm for electron transportation and phonon localization via lattice strain engineering.
Nanoparticle‐Based MRI‐Guided Tumor Microenvironment Heating via the Synergistic Effect of Ferroptosis and Inhibition of TGF‐β Signaling
Authors: Zhou Rui , Liu Yantan , Wang Zhaojun , Lv Jinyu , Liao Wangjun , Shen Zheyu , Rong Xiaoxiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlthough induction of ferroptosis and inhibition of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling are both effective ways to reform the tumor microenvironment (TME) and render low‐immunogenic tumors responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, dose‐limiting side effects remain major obstacles hindering their clinical application. Herein, novel sorafenib and anti‐TGF‐β antibody loaded Fe3O4/Gd2O3 hybrid nanoparticles with conjugation of arginine‐glycine‐aspartic dimer (FeGd‐HN@Sorafenib@TGF‐β‐antibody@RGD2, FG‐STR) are developed. Sorafenib significantly enhances FeGd‐HN‐triggered ferroptosis and improves maturation and phagocytosis of dendritic cells (DCs) by inducing damage‐associated molecular patterns released from ferroptotic cancer cells, while the anti‐TGF‐β antibody further synergizes with enhanced ferroptosis to promote DC maturation and the recruitment of CD8+ T cells, thus heating the TME. Moreover, the incorporation of RGD2 facilitates the uptake of the FG‐STR in tumor cells which lead to a significant dosage reduction of both sorafenib and anti‐TGF‐β antibody to avoid dose‐limiting toxicities. Finally, in vitro and in vivo experiments show that FG‐STR has significantly superior intrinsic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) capability than that of Gadovist, effectively inhibits tumor growth and lung metastasis, and increases the efficacy of anti‐programmed cell death‐1 treatment. Taken together, this study provides a promising strategy for new advanced MRI‐guided TME heating therapies.
Ultra‐Soft Organogel Artificial Muscles Exhibiting High Power Density, Large Stroke, Fast Response and Long‐Term Durability in Air
Authors: Jiang Zhen , Abbasi Burhan Bin Asghar , Aloko Sinmisola , Mokhtari Fatemeh , Spinks Geoffrey M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPolymeric gel‐based artificial muscles exhibiting tissue‐matched Young's modulus (10 Pa–1 MPa) promise to be core components in future soft machines with inherently safe human–machine interactions. However, the ability to simultaneously generate fast, large, high‐power, and long‐lasting actuation in the open‐air environment, has yet been demonstrated in this class of ultra‐soft materials. Herein, to overcome this hurdle, the design and synthesis of a twisted and coiled liquid crystalline glycerol‐organogel (TCLCG) is reported. Such material with a low Young's modulus of 133 kPa can surpass the actuation performance of skeletal muscles in a variety of aspects, including actuation strain (66%), actuation rate (275% s−1), power density (438 kW m−3), and work capacity (105 kJ m−3). Notably, its power density is 14 times higher than the record of state‐of‐the‐art polymeric gels. No actuation performance degradation is detected in the TCLCG even after air exposure for 7 days, owing to the excellent water retention ability enabled by glycerol as co‐solvent with water. Using TCLCG, mobile soft robots with extraordinary maneuverability in unstructured environments are successfully demonstrated, including a crawler showing fast bidirectional locomotion (0.50 mm s−1) in a small‐confined space, and a roller that can escape after deep burying in sand.