bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CYP2C19 genotypes and osteoporotic fractures in long‐term users of proton pump inhibitors: A hospital‐based study
Authors: Liao Yi‐Ju , Chen Yu‐Ting , Hsiao Tzu‐Hung , Lin Ching‐Heng , Wu Ming‐Fen , Hsu Chiann‐Yi , Chen Yi‐Ming , Hsu Chun‐Sheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly prescribed medications. The existing data suggest that individuals at a high risk of fractures have been exposed to high doses of PPIs for prolonged durations. CYP2C19 plays a pivotal role in metabolism of PPIs and thereby influences their pharmacokinetic profile. Hence, we hypothesize that CYP2C19 genotypes may be associated with fragility fracture among PPIs users due to PPI exposure. This study aimed to investigate the association between CYP2C19 genotypes, bone mineral density (BMD), and osteoporotic fracture in a hospital‐based population. This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients who were prescribed long‐term PPIs at Taichung Veterans General Hospital using data extracted from the Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative between January 2010 and April 2021. Associations between CYP2C19 phenotypes, comorbidities, and fractures in PPI users were analyzed. We enrolled 1518 long‐term PPI users; 571 (38%), 727 (48%), and 220 (14%) CYP2C19 normal metabolizers (NMs), intermediate metabolizers (IMs), and poor metabolizers (PMs), respectively. Among them, 49 (3.2%) patients developed fractures within the 1‐year follow‐up period; 20 (3.5%) fractures in NMs, 24 (3.3%) in IMs, and 5 (2.3%) in PMs, respectively. No significant difference was observed among CYP2C19 genotypes and fracture. Additionally, BMD measurements during the 1‐year follow‐up period were made available among 75 participants. No significant difference in BMD between CYP2C19 PMs and non‐PMs was found. This real‐world, hospital‐based study concludes that CYP2C19 PMs/IMs are not associated with an increased risk for fractures or reduced BMD in individuals on long‐term PPI therapy.
Heart rate variability and cardiovascular diseases: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhao Yan , Yu Hangtian , Gong Angwei , Zhang Shuaidan , Xiao Bing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe causal relationship between heart rate variability and cardiovascular diseases and the associated events is still unclear, and the conclusions of current studies are inconsistent. We aimed to explore the relationship between heart rate variability and cardiovascular diseases and the associated events with the Mendelian randomization study.MethodsWe selected normal‐to‐normal inter‐beat intervals (SDNN), root mean square of the successive differences of inter‐beat intervals (RMSSD) and peak‐valley respiratory sinus arrhythmia or high‐frequency power (pvRSA/HF) as the three sets of instrumental variables for heart rate variability. The outcome for cardiovascular diseases included essential hypertension, heart failure, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, nonischemic cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia. Cardiac arrest, cardiac death and major coronary heart disease event were defined as the related events of cardiovascular diseases. The data for exposures and outcomes were derived from publicly available genome‐wide association studies. Inverse variance weighted was used for the main causal estimation. Analyses of heterogeneity and pleiotropy were conducted using the Cochran Q test of Inverse variance weighted and MR‐Egger, leave‐one‐out analysis, and MR‐Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier methods.ResultsThe Inverse variance weighted method indicated that genetically predicted pvRSA/HF was associated with the increased risk of cardiac arrest (odds ratio 2.02, 95% confidence interval 1.25–3.28, p = .004). The results were free of heterogeneity and pleiotropy. There were no outliers and the leave‐one‐out analysis proved that the results were reliable.ConclusionsThis study provides genetic evidence that pvRSA/HF is causally related to cardiac arrest.
A novel class of adaptive observers for dynamic nonlinear uncertain systems
Authors: Alkhayyat Ahmed , Zalzala Ali Mahdi , AL‐Salih Asaad A. M. , Jawad Anwar Ja'afar Mohamad , Abdul‐Adheem Wameedh Riyadh , Iqbal Jamshed , Ibraheem Ibraheem K. , Ibrahim Waleed K. , Jaber Mustafa Musa , Hameed Asaad Shakir 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNumerous techniques have been proposed in the literature to improve the performance of high‐gain observers with noisy measurements. One such technique is the linear extended state observer, which is used to estimate the system's states and to account for the impact of internal uncertainties, undesirable nonlinearities, and external disturbances. This observer's primary purpose is to eliminate these disturbances from the input channel in real‐time. This enables the observer to precisely track the system states while compensating for the various sources of uncertainty that can influence the system's behaviour. So, in this paper, a novel nonlinear higher‐order extended state observer (NHOESO) is introduced to enhance the performance of high‐gain observers under noisy measurement conditions. The NHOESO is designed to observe the system states and total disturbance while eliminating the latter in real time from the input channel. It is capable of handling disturbances of higher‐order derivatives, including internal uncertainties, undesirable nonlinearities, and external disturbances. The paper also presents two innovative schemes for parametrizing the NHOESO parameters in the presence of measurement noise. These schemes are named time‐varying bandwidth NHOESO (TVB‐NHOESO) and online adaptive rule update NHOESO (OARU‐NHOESO). Numerical simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes, using a nonlinear uncertain system as a test case. The results demonstrate that the OARU technique outperforms the TVB technique in terms of its ability to sense the presence of noise components in the output and respond accordingly. However, it is noted that the OARU technique is slower than the TVB technique and requires more complex parameter tuning to adaptively account for the measurement noise.
Attention based hybrid parametric and neural network models for non‐stationary time series prediction
Authors: Gao Zidi , Kuruoğlu Ercan Engin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates non‐stationary time series analysis and forecasting techniques for financial datasets. We focus on the use of a popular non‐stationary parametric model namely GARCH and neural network model LSTM, with an attention mechanism to capture the complex temporal dynamics and dependencies in the data. We propose a hybrid GARCH‐ATT‐LSTM model where the GARCH model is employed for volatility forecasting, attention mechanism is applied to capture the more important parts of the data sequence and enhance the interpretability of the model, and the LSTM model is used for price forecasting. Our experiments are conducted on real‐world financial datasets, that is, Apple stock price, Dow Jones index, and gold futures price. We compare the performance of GARCH‐ATT‐LSTM against the sole LSTM model, ATT‐LSTM model, and LSTM‐GARCH model. Our results show that GARCH‐ATT‐LSTM outperforms the baseline methods and achieves high accuracy in price forecasting. It implies the effectiveness of the attention mechanism in improving the interpretability and stability of the model and the success of combining parametric models with neural network models. The findings suggest that GARCH‐ATT‐LSTM can be a valuable tool for non‐stationary time series analysis and forecasting in financial applications.
Patient engagement during the transition from nondialysis‐dependent chronic kidney disease to dialysis: A meta‐ethnography
Authors: Liu Jinjie , Zhou Yujun , Tang Yanyao , Chen Jieling , Li Jianying 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionPatient engagement, encompassing both patient experience and opportunities for involvement in care, has been associated with increased patient satisfaction and the overall quality of care. Despite its importance, there is limited knowledge regarding patient engagement in the transition from nondialysis‐dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) to dialysis‐dependent treatment. This systematic review employs meta‐ethnography to synthesize findings from qualitative studies examining patients' experiences of engagement during this transition, with the aim of developing a comprehensive theoretical understanding of patient engagement in the transition from nondialysis‐dependent CKD to dialysis.MethodsA systematic search of six databases, namely the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Scopus, Embase, PubMed and Web of Science was conducted to identify eligible articles published between 1990 and 2022. Meta‐ethnography was utilized to translate and synthesize the findings and develop a novel theoretical interpretation of ‘patient engagement’ during the transition to dialysis.ResultsA total of 24 articles were deemed eligible for review, representing 21 studies. Patient engagement during a transition to dialysis was found to encompass three major domains: psychosocial adjustment, decision‐making and engagement in self‐care. These three domains could be experienced as an iterative and mutually reinforcing process, guiding patients toward achieving control and proficiency in their lives as they adapt to dialysis. Additionally, patient engagement could be facilitated by factors including patients' basic capability to engage, the provision of appropriate education, the establishment of supportive relationships and the alignment with values and resources.ConclusionsThe findings of this review underscore the necessity of involving patients in transitional dialysis care, emphasizing the need to foster their engagement across multiple domains. Recommendations for future interventions include the provision of comprehensive support to enhance patient engagement during this critical transition phase. Additional research is warranted to explore the effects of various facilitators at different levels.Patient or Public ContributionThe studies included in our review involved 633 participants (547 patients, 14 family members, 63 healthcare providers and 9 managers). Based on their experiences, views and beliefs, we developed a deeper understanding of patient engagement and how to foster it in the future.
Switch to a raltegravir‐based antiretroviral regimen in people with HIV and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shengir Mohamed , Lebouche Bertrand , Elgretli Wesal , Saeed Sahar , Ramanakumar Agnihotram V. , Giannakis Andreas , De Pokomandy Alexandra , Cox Joseph , Costiniuk Cecilia , Routy Jean‐Pierre , Klein Marina B. , Sebastiani Giada 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART), particularly integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), on non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in people with HIV remains unclear. We evaluated the effect of switching non‐INSTI backbone antiretroviral medications to raltegravir on NAFLD and metabolic parameters.Materials and MethodsThis was a single‐centre, phase IV, open‐label, randomized controlled clinical trial. People living with HIV with NAFLD and undetectable viral load while receiving a non‐INSTI were randomized 1:1 to the switch arm (raltegravir 400 mg twice daily) or the control arm (continuing ART regimens not containing INSTI). NAFLD was defined as hepatic steatosis by controlled attenuation parameter ≥238 dB/m in the absence of significant alcohol use and viral hepatitis co‐infections. Cytokeratin 18 was used as a biomarker of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis. Changes over time in outcomes were quantified as standardized mean differences (SMDs), and a generalized linear mixed model was used to compare outcomes between study arms.ResultsA total of 31 people with HIV (mean age 54 years, 74% male) were randomized and followed for 24 months. Hepatic steatosis improved between baseline and end of follow‐up in both the switch (SMD −43.4 dB/m) and the control arm (−26.6 dB/m); the difference between arms was not significant. At the end of follow‐up, aspartate aminotransferase significantly decreased in the switch arm compared with the control arm (SMD −9.4 vs. 5.5 IU/L). No changes in cytokeratin 18, body mass index, or lipids were observed between study arms.DiscussionSwitching to a raltegravir‐based regimen improved aspartate aminotransferase but seemed to have no effect on NAFLD, body weight, and lipids compared with remaining on any other ART.
Functional traits drive the fate of Orthoptera in urban areas
Authors: Ancillotto Leonardo , Labadessa Rocco 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The replacement of natural areas due to urbanisation represents a major threat to wildlife. Wild species may be classified according to their response towards urban areas. Such responses lead to persistence (exploiters and tolerant) or local extinction (avoiders) of species within cities, which in turn contributes to shaping the assemblages found therein, usually according to specific sets of ecological and morphological traits.
Here, we focus on Orthoptera as a model group to test hypotheses on the relationships between species' traits and persistence in urban environments, using the city of Rome, Italy, as study area. By compiling and comparing species checklists for two distinct time frames, we assessed assemblage variation across the last three decades and revealed that local extinction of Orthoptera in urban areas is trait‐biased.
Species with low mobility and fertility, and narrower—more specialised—climatic niches showed higher probability of local extinction.
Our results point at both climate and land use changes as potentially major drivers of orthopterans' local extinction in urban areas, suggesting that strategies to increase natural habitat preservation and connectivity, and mitigate climate‐change induced events, may both prove effective in sustaining richer insect communities within urban areas.
Functionality of pre‐cooked whole‐grain corn, rice and sorghum flours for gluten‐free bread
Authors: Comettant‐Rabanal Raúl , Hidalgo Chávez Davy William , Ascheri José Luis Ramírez , Elías‐Peñafiel Carlos , Carvalho Carlos W. Piler 
Published: August 2023

SummaryExtruded whole grain flours of corn, sorghum, and parboiled brown rice (PBR) and their blends were used to produce gluten‐free (GF) multigrain bread. To determine the functionality of the flours, paste viscosity, farinography and oscillatory rheometry were evaluated as rheological methods, and for the bread, the texture profile, baking loss and specific volume of the breads were determined. The paste properties evidenced changes in the starch structure of the extruded samples, but these were not severe due to the absence of cold viscosity (CV) and formation of peak viscosity (PV), which evidenced the swelling capacity of the starch granules. The functionality of the samples was demonstrated by the increase in water absorption and farinographic consistency (PM), as well as by the development of dough viscoelasticity with continuous elastic (G′) and viscous (G′′) moduli when measured by oscillatory rheometry. The GF breads produced showed specific volume increases from 53.8 to 91.7% compared to the control, as well as high crumb hardness. However, the cereal blends did not generate significant increases in specific volume between samples (P < 0.05), but those made with higher proportions of extruded sorghum flour and its blend with corn had better crumb softness and lower baking loss (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the regression models for most of the dough rheological and bread textural variables were significant and presented good coefficients of determination (R2 Adj = 0.60–0.99) with linear and quadratic fits, thus allowing prediction of the behaviours of these variables for future applications.
Achieving combinatory “soft” and “hard” piezoelectric properties in textured ceramics via exploring single‐crystal‐like electrostriction
Authors: Liu Xin , Tang Mingyang , Wang Yike , Ren Xiaodan , Xu Zhuo , Geng Liwei D. , Yan Yongke 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDesign of a projecting‐receiving dual‐purpose transducer is challenging due to the difficulty of synthesizing piezoelectric materials with combinatory “soft” properties (high piezoelectric coefficient d) and “hard” properties (low dielectric loss and high mechanical quality factor Qm). In this study, we provide a different perspective to address this challenge via exploiting single‐crystal‐like electrostriction coefficient Q33 through the fabrication of grain oriented or textured “hard” piezoelectric ceramics. Mn‐doped 0.27Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–0.41Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.32PbTiO3 (Mn:PIN–PMN–PT) piezoelectric ceramics with a high [0 0 1]c texture fraction of 99% were synthesized, which exhibit three times greater piezoelectric properties (d33 ∼ 828 pC/N) than random counterparts (d33 ∼ 251 pC/N), while maintaining low loss (tan δ ∼ 0.5%, Qm = 443). According to the formula , the large improvement of d33 in textured ceramics is mainly due to a doubling increase in dielectric constant ε33 and Q33 (∼0.057 m4/C2). Notably, the Q33 exhibits remarkable similarity to that of PMN–PT single crystals, further contributing to the enhanced piezoelectric performance of textured ceramics. Phase field model of ferroelectrics was performed to understand the texturing on Q33 and elucidate the underlying mechanism at the domain level. The textured ceramics exhibit excellent combinatory “soft” and “hard” properties, which are the promising materials for developing projecting‐receiving dual‐purpose transducers with high efficiency and high sensitivity.
Thermochemically synthesized α‐Al2O3 composite coating with high bonding strength and deuterium permeation resistance
Authors: Li Heping , Zheng Zhongyang , Liu Shiquan , Zhao Zirui , Yan Youwei , Wang Xinyun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHydrogen isotope permeation in structural steels can cause severe issues, including steel brittleness, fuel loss, and radioactive pollution in fusion reactors. To tackle this issue, we report a simple synthesis of α‐Al2O3/AlPO4 composite coating by the thermochemical reaction method to serve as an effective barrier hampering hydrogen isotope permeation. This coating was formed at 500°C and composed of α‐Al2O3 and AlPO4 phases. A relatively uniform and compact structure with thickness of ∼35 μm made its corrosion resistance reaching above 3000 times that of the 321 steel substrate. With just one‐side coated, the α‐Al2O3/AlPO4 coating achieved a considerable deuterium permeation reduction factor of 1935 at 450°C, three orders of magnitude higher than 321 steels. What's more, after the deuterium permeation test, no pores or cracks were generated. The excellent bonding between the coating and the substrate was resulted from the formation of CrxPy at their interface induced by Cr diffusion from the substrate. The results obtained from the current study shed new light on seeking reliable and viable ceramic coatings to tackle hydrogen permeation issues.
Increasing catches of adult moth pests (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in pome fruit with low‐intensity LED lights added to sex pheromone/kairomone lure‐baited traps
Authors: Knight Alan Lee , Preti Michele , Basoalto Esteban , Fuentes‐Contreras Eduardo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStudies of moth pests (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) of pome fruit in Washington State, USA, evaluated the addition of low‐intensity light‐emitting diode (LED) lights to traps baited with sex pheromone or kairomone lures. Species included codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella (L.), oriental fruit moth (OFM), Grapholita molesta (Busck), oblique banded leafroller (OBLR), Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), and eye‐spotted budmoth (ESBM), Spilonota ocellana (Denis and Schiffenmüller). Lures included (E,E)‐8,10‐dodecadien‐1‐ol (codlemone) plus (E,Z)‐2,4‐ethyl decadienoate (pear ester) and acetic acid (AA) (Combo) and a blend of pear ester, (E)‐4,8‐dimethyl‐1,3,7‐nonatriene, pyranoid linalool oxide, and AA (4K) for CM; a three‐component OFM sex pheromone ((E)‐8‐dodecen‐1‐yl‐acetate, (Z)‐8‐dodecen‐1‐yl acetate, and (Z)‐8‐dodecen‐1‐ol) plus codlemone and terpinyl acetate plus AA for OFM; and 2‐phenylethanol and AA for OBLR and ESBM. Traps baited with only LEDs were not attractive for any of these tortricids. The addition of a LED to lure‐baited traps increased male and female catches 2‐12‐fold across the four pest species. The proportional increase in CM catches with the LEDs was similar with both the Combo and 4K lures. Traps baited with the 4K lure caught significantly more CM with a UV LED than with either blue or green LEDs. The proportion of females caught in traps that were mated did not change with the use of the lights across species. Significantly more CM of both sexes were caught in the adhesive on the side of the liner nearest the LED. The addition of LEDs sometimes increased the by‐catch of minute insects, but liners' saturation was never a factor impacting targeted moth catch. Adding the LED light significantly increased the catch of ESBM in CM‐baited traps and CM in OFM‐baited traps, respectively. The development of inexpensive, dual‐modality traps that add a light stimulus to a kairomonal‐based lure may improve direct control of these key orchard pests via female removal.
Measuring empathic behaviour among undergraduate dietetics students
Authors: Ng Shi Hui , Babar Muneer Gohar , Ahmed Syed Imran , Hasan Syed Shahzad , Yang Wai Yew 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimEmpathic behaviour has a direct link to the positive clinical outcomes. Health professionals, which include dietitians, are increasingly expected to demonstrate the impact of their care on patient outcomes. To date, there is limited research exploring the empathic behaviour of dietetics students.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study evaluated the psychometric properties of Jefferson Scale of Empathy‐Healthcare Provider Student (JSE‐HPS) and empathic behaviour of dietetics students.ResultsUndergraduate dietetics students from one private and two public universities in Malaysia participated (n = 455). Item and scale psychometric properties were examined using principal component analysis and differences in mean empathy scores for students were assessed across years of study and types of universities. A 3‐factor solution emerged in the results, accounting for 26.76%, 10.75% and 6.3% of the variance. The JSE‐HPS demonstrated good internal consistency (α = 0.83). Despite students enroled at public universities scoring higher mean empathy scores than students enroled at the private university, the difference was not significant. The only significant difference was between the empathy level of first and third year students (p = 0.033).ConclusionAs empathy underpins patient‐centred management in the nutrition care process, it should be well integrated into curriculum delivery so that appropriate levels of empathy can be developed to prepare work‐ready healthcare professionals.