bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiology of pregnancy and oral local anesthesia considerations
Authors: Zhou Xueer , Zhong Yunyu , Pan Zijian , Zhang Jiankang , Pan Jian 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundSafe and effective local anesthesia is a prerequisite for emergency oral surgeries and most dental treatments. Pregnancy is characterized by complex physiological changes, and increased sensitivity to pain. Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to oral diseases, such as caries, gingivitis, pyogenic granuloma and third molar pericoronitis. Maternally administered drugs can affect the fetus through the placenta. Therefore, many physicians and patients are reluctant to provide or accept necessary local anesthesia, which leads to delays in the condition and adverse consequences. This review is intended to comprehensively discuss the instructions for local anesthesia in the oral treatment of pregnant patients.MethodologyAn in-depth search on Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was performed to review articles concerned with maternal and fetal physiology, local anesthetic pharmacology, and their applications for oral treatment.ResultsStandard oral local anesthesia is safe throughout the pregnancy. At present, 2% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine is considered to be the anesthetic agent that best balances safety and efficacy for pregnant women. Maternal and fetal considerations must be taken into account to accommodate the physiological and pharmacological changes in the gestation period. Semi-supine position, blood pressure monitoring, and reassurance are suggested for high-risk mothers to reduce the risk of transient changes in blood pressure, hypoxemia, and hypoglycemia. For patients with underlying diseases, such as eclampsia, hypertension, hypotension, and gestational diabetes, the physicians should use epinephrine cautiously and control the dose of anesthetic. New local anesthesia formulations and equipment, which contribute to minimizing injection pain and relieving the anxiety, have and are being developed but remain understudied.ConclusionsUnderstanding the physiological and pharmacological changes during pregnancy is essential to ensure the safety and efficiency of local anesthesia. Optimal outcomes for the mother and fetus hinge on a robust understanding of the physiologic alterations and the appropriate selection of anesthetic drugs and approaches.
Становление межгосударственных отношений Республики Южная Осетия и Российской Федерации
Authors: Джабиев Александр Петрович 
Published: June 2023

Монография посвящена становлению и развитию меж­государственных связей России и Южной Осетии за 2008-2022 гг. Оцениваются итоги и тенденции развития Южной Осетии, делающей первые шаги в области государственного строительства в условиях геополитической нестабильности и санкционной политики. Освещаются фундаментальные проблемы, связанные с налаживанием меж­государственных отношений двух стран, подписавших ряд международных правовых документов, затрагивающих вопросы торгово-экономической политики, источников энергетических ресурсов, финансовых инвестиций, инфраструктурного строительства, сельского хозяйства, гуманитарного обмена, образования, обороны, правоприменительной политики и др. Особое внимание уделяется вопросам конструктивного сотрудничества Южной Осетии и России по всем направлениям меж­государственных отношений. Для научных работников, преподавателей, аспирантов, студентов, а также для широкого круга исследователей международных отношений, в том числе изучающих российско-югоосетинские отношения.
Effect of Grain Size on Radionuclide Content in Sediment Samples from Kolo Creek, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: Onwuka M. , Ononugbo C. , Ikirigo J. 
Published: June 2023

The effect of grain sizes on radionuclide concentration in soil and sediment samples from Kolo creek, Bayelsa State was investigated using gamma spectroscopy. Eight (8) samples of sediment were collected around the oil spill site of the creek. All the samples were separated into four different grain sizes, A (0.5mm), B (1mm), C (1.5mm) and D (2mm), making a total of 32 sediment. The activity concentration in sediment samples of grain sizes 0.5 mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm and 2mm were determined. In sediment samples of grain sizes 0.5mm(A), the activity concentration of 226Ra , 232Th and 40K ranges from 2.24 to 20.032.43Bq/kg, 3.21 to 5.591.32 Bq/kg and 24.46 4.06 to 795.99 6.20 Bq/kg respectively. For grain size of 1.0mm (B) the activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K varies from 2.661.30 to 26.64Bq/kg, 2.19 0.95 to 33.47 Bq/kg and 43.38 to 739.21Bq/kg respectively. For grain size of 1.5mm (C) the activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K varies from 4.401.09 to 33.93± 3.65 Bq/kg, 2.14±1.72 to 26.15±5.3 Bq/kg and 39.90±3.54 to 471.36±6.12 Bq/kg respectively. For grain size of 2.0 mm (D) the activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K varies from 4.81±1.84 to 40.29±2.50 Bq/kg, 2.19±1.40 to 83.20±3.90 Bq/kg and 39.01 ±4.00 to 497.56±5.87Bq/kg respectively. The result obtained shows there was no clear trend in variation of activity concentration with grain sizes. The mean values obtained are below the world average of 35, 30 and 400 Bq/kg for 226 Ra, 232Th and 40K for grain sizes of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm respectively in all the communities except samples from Kolo that recorded 471.36±6.12 to 795.99±6.44 Bq/kg in all the grain sizes. Radiological risk parameters such as Absorbed Dose Rate, Annual Effective Dose Equivalent, Annual Gonadal Dose Equivalent, Annual Utility Index, Radioactivity Level Index, Hazard Indices and Excess Life Cancer Risk were estimated and values were found to be within the word average. From this study, the sediment of the given grain sizes will pose no radiological health risk if used in farming and in building construction.
Assessment of Nutritional Security Status in Farm Households from Nutrition Garden in Tonk District of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Verma Preeti , Agrawal Naresh Kumar , Raj Anita 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Micronutrients deficiencies related malnutrition is quite common in Indian population especially in women and children of rural communities. The main causes of malnutrition are illiteracy, unawareness, low purchasing power, inadequate availability of vegetables and fruits in rural area of Tonk district.
Methods: Keeping this problem into consideration, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tonk conducted Front Line Demonstration on Nutrition Garden in the villages of Tonk district of Rajasthan. Prior to Front Line Demonstration, training programmes were organized on the importance of Nutrition garden at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tonk. A well prepared questionnaire was used to assess pre and post knowledge of Nutrition Garden. Pre and post Boby Mass Index (BMI) and haemoglobin levels of farm women and anthropometric measurements of children were assessed to check the effect of Nutrition garden. For the conduction of Front Line Demonstration on Nutrition garden, 200 families having 4-6 members of Tonk district with the area of 250m2 have been selected.
Results: On the basis of results, it was found that average per capita availability of vegetables increased from 57 to 396 gm/day showing an improvement of vegetables consumption at household level. Per capita nutrient availability from Nutrition garden increased significantly in terms of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, iron, calcium and beta carotene.
Conclusions: From this study, it is concluded that establishing Nutrition garden proved important technology to improve nutritional status of farm families of Tonk district.
Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Crude Oil and Kerosene on Soil Microbiota and the Bio-utilization Potentials of the Indigenous Microorganisms
Authors: Akubuenyi F. C. 
Published: June 2023

This research is focused on evaluating the impact of crude oil and kerosene on soil microbiota. The enumeration of total heterotrophic bacterial count revealed that the soil impacted with crude oil and kerosene yielded low microbial counts ranged from 3.2 × 106 CFU/g, 3.2 × 105 to 2.6 × 103 CFU/g while that of total coliform count obtained from the samples ranges from 2.6 × 105CFU/g to 2.2 × 103 CFU/g. and total fungal count ranged from 2.0 x 102 CFU/g to 1.4 × 102 CFU/g. The genera of bacteria isolated from soils impacted with crude oil and kerosene belong to the genera: Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Micrococcus spp., Klebsiella spp., Corynebacterium and Salmonella species while Aspergillus spp., Alternaria spp., Candidia spp., Fusarium spp., Trichoderma spp., Mucor spp., Penicillium spp., Cephalosporium spp., Rhizopus spp. are the isolated fungi. The percentage occurrence revealed that Pseudomonas spp. and Escherichia coli had the highest prevalence of 23.1%, followed by Staphylococcus spp. (7.7%), Salmonella spp. (7.7%), Bacillus spp. (7.7%), Micrococcus spp. (7.7%) etc. While the fungal isolates had the following prevalence; Aspergillus spp. (12.5%), Penicillium spp. (12.5%), Candida spp. (12.5%), Mucor spp. (12.5%), etc. The results obtained indicates that crude oil and kerosene have a negative impact on the microbiota of the soil. The combined effect of the compounds is more harmful than their individual effects. This result implies that farmlands impacted with these products would not be suitable for agricultural purposes since the nitrogen fixing bacteria and other soil enriching microorganisms must have been either killed or inactivated by the toxicity of compounds.
Cochlear Implantation and Educational and Quality-of-Life Outcomes in Adolescence
Authors: Cejas Ivette , Barker David H. , Petruzzello Esteban , Sarangoulis Christina M. , Quittner Alexandra L. 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceCochlear implants (CIs) have been shown to be effective in improving auditory skills and speech and language development. However, less is known about the long-term outcomes of CIs on educational functioning or quality of life.ObjectiveTo evaluate long-term educational outcomes and quality of life in adolescents over 13 years postimplantation.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis longitudinal cohort study included 188 children with bilateral severe to profound hearing loss with CIs from the Childhood Development After Cochlear Implantation (CDaCI) study from hospital-based CI programs; a cohort of 340 children with severe to profound hearing loss without CIs from a nationally representative survey (National Longitudinal Transition Study-2; NLTS-2), and results from the literature of comparable children without CIs.Exposure(s)Cochlear implantation (early and late).Main Outcomes and MeasuresAdolescent performance on measures of academic achievement (Woodcock Johnson), language (Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language), and quality of life (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Youth Quality of Life Instrument–Deaf and Hard of Hearing).ResultsThe CDaCI cohort included 188 children, 136 of whom completed the wave 3 postimplantation follow-up visits (77 [55%] female) with CIs; mean [SD] age was 11.47 [1.27] years. The NLTS-2 cohort included 340 children (50% female) with severe to profound hearing loss without CIs. Children with CIs had better academic performance compared with children without CIs with similar levels of hearing loss. The largest benefits were seen for children who received implants early (prior to age 18 months), who performed at or above age and gender norms for language and academic achievement. Similarly, adolescents with CIs reported better quality of life on the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory compared with children without CIs. On a condition-specific measure (Youth Quality of Life Instrument–Deaf and Hard of Hearing), children who received implants early scored higher across all 3 domains than comparisons without CIs.Conclusions and RelevanceTo our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate long-term educational outcomes and quality of life in adolescents using CIs. This longitudinal cohort study showed better outcomes of CIs in terms of language, academic performance, and quality of life. While the greatest benefits were observed for children who received implants before age 18 months, benefits were also noted for children who received implants later, providing evidence that children with severe to profound hearing loss with CIs can achieve at or above expected levels compared with hearing peers.
Mechanically‐Compliant Bioelectronic Interfaces through Fatigue‐Resistant Conducting Polymer Hydrogel Coating
Authors: Xue Yu , Chen Xingmei , Wang Fucheng , Lin Jingsen , Liu Ji 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBecause of their distinct electrochemical and mechanical properties, conducting polymer hydrogels have been widely exploited as soft, wet, and conducting coatings for conventional metallic electrodes, providing mechanically compliant interfaces and mitigating foreign body responses. However, the long‐term viability of these hydrogel coatings is hindered by concerns regarding fatigue crack propagation and/or delamination caused by repetitive volumetric expansion/shrinkage during long‐term electrical interfacing. This study reports a general yet reliable approach to achieving a fatigue‐resistant conducting polymer hydrogel coating on conventional metallic bioelectrodes by engineering nanocrystalline domains at the interface between the hydrogel and metallic substrates. It demonstrates the efficacy of this robust, biocompatible, and fatigue‐resistant conducting hydrogel coating in cardiac pacing, showcasing its ability to effectively reduce the pacing threshold voltage and enhance the long‐term reliability of electric stimulation. This study findings highlight the potential of its approach as a promising design and fabrication strategy for the next generation of seamless bioelectronic interfaces.
Theoretical Insights into Pressure‐Driven Stability and Optoelectronic Response of Cd0.75Zn0.25S Alloy for Blue–Violet Display
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Aamir , Malik Maria , Bakhsh Sunila , Sohail Muhammad , Arellano‐Ramírez Iván D. , Morsy Kareem 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe manipulation of pressure and structural composition can result in tuned properties of a material to enhance its functionality. In this regard, the pressure significance of the ternary Cd0.75Zn0.25S alloy is acknowledged in this study by changing in the range of 0–20 GPa using density functional theory (DFT) via a self‐consistent field within a generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and GGA–modified Becke–Jhonson (mBJ). The results demonstrate that this ternary alloy exhibits cubic symmetry at all operating pressures, with the bandgap energy increasing from 2.81 to 3.17 eV as the pressure increases, demonstrating that it is a direct bandgap alloy. Another aspect of this study pertains to the optical parameters of the material and their variations as a function of pressure. Here it is observed that absorption increases with increasing pressure, along with the static refractive index and static dielectric constant. As optical conductance is also increased, the findings of this study offer a theoretical framework for the Cd0.75Zn0.25S alloy for display applications in optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices operating at various pressure ranges.
Magnetically Actuated Biodegradable Nanorobots for Active Immunotherapy
Authors: Ye Yicheng , Tian Hao , Jiang Jiamiao , Huang Weichang , Zhang Ruotian , Li Huaan , Liu Lu , Gao Junbin , Tan Haixin , Liu Meihuan , Peng Fei , Tu Yingfeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn efficient and cost‐effective therapeutic vaccine is highly desirable for the prevention and treatment of cancer, which helps to strengthen the immune system and activate the T cell immune response. However, initiating such an adaptive immune response efficiently remains challenging, especially the deficient antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DCs) in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Herein, an efficient and dynamic antigen delivery system based on the magnetically actuated OVA‐CaCO3‐SPIO robots (OCS‐robots) is rationally designed for active immunotherapy. Taking advantage of the unique dynamic features, the developed OCS‐robots achieve controllable motion capability under the rotating magnetic field. Specifically, with the active motion, the acid‐responsiveness of OCS‐robots is beneficial for the tumor acidity attenuating and lysosome escape as well as the subsequent antigen cross‐presentation of DCs. Furthermore, the dynamic OCS‐robots boost the crosstalk between the DCs and antigens, which displays prominent tumor immunotherapy effect on melanoma through cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Such a strategy of dynamic vaccine delivery system enables the active activation of immune system based on the magnetically actuated OCS‐robots, which presents a plausible paradigm for incredibly efficient cancer immunotherapy by designing multifunctional and novel robot platforms in the future.
Cerebral Microvascular Injury Induced by Lag3‐Dependent α‐Synuclein Fibril Endocytosis Exacerbates Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of α‐Synucleinopathies
Authors: Zhang Qingxi , Duan Qingrui , Gao Yuyuan , He Peikun , Huang Rui , Huang Haifeng , Li Yanyi , Ma Guixian , Zhang Yuhu , Nie Kun , Wang Lijuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe pathological accumulation of α‐synuclein (α‐Syn) and the transmission of misfolded α‐Syn underlie α‐synucleinopathies. Increased plasma α‐Syn levels are associated with cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and dementia with Lewy bodies, but it is still unknown whether the cognitive deficits in α‐synucleinopathies have a common vascular pathological origin. Here, it is reported that combined injection of α‐Syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) in the unilateral substantia nigra pars compacta, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex results in impaired spatial learning and memory abilities at 6 months post‐injection and that this cognitive decline is related to cerebral microvascular injury. Moreover, insoluble α‐Syn inclusions are found to form in primary mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) through lymphocyte‐activation gene 3 (Lag3)‐dependent α‐Syn PFFs endocytosis, causing poly(ADP‐ribose)‐driven cell death and reducing the expression of tight junction proteins in BMVECs. Knockout of Lag3 in vitro prevents α‐Syn PFFs from entering BMVECs, thereby reducing the abovementioned response induced by α‐Syn PFFs. Deletion of endothelial cell‐specific Lag3 in vivo reverses the negative effects of α‐Syn PFFs on cerebral microvessels and cognitive function. In short, this study reveals the effectiveness of targeting Lag3 to block the spread of α‐Syn fibrils to endothelial cells in order to improve cognition.
New Anthranilic Acid Hydrazones as Fenamate Isosteres: Synthesis, Characterization, Molecular Docking, Dynamics & in Silico ADME, in Vitro Anti‐Inflammatory and Anticancer Activity Studies
Authors: Şenol Halil , Çağman Zeynep , Gençoğlu Katmerlikaya Tuğba , Sinan Tokalı Feyzi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, twenty new anthranilic acid hydrazones 6–9 (a–e) were synthesized and their structures were characterized by Fourier‐transform Infrared (FT‐IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H‐NMR – 13C‐NMR), and High‐resolution Mass Spectroscopy (HR‐MS). The inhibitory effects of the compounds against COX‐II were evaluated. IC50 values of the compounds were found in the range of >200–0.32 μM and compounds 6e, 8d, 8e, 9b, 9c, and 9e were determined to be the most effective inhibitors. Cytotoxic effects of the most potent compounds were investigated against human hepatoblastoma (Hep‐G2) and human healthy embryonic kidney (Hek‐293) cell lines. Doxorubicin (IC50: 8.68±0.16 μM for Hep‐G2, 55.29±0.56 μM for Hek‐293) was used as standard. 8e is the most active compound, with low IC50 against Hep‐G2 (4.80±0.04 μM), high against Hek‐293 (159.30±3.12), and high selectivity (33.15). Finally, molecular docking and dynamics studies were performed to understand ligand‐protein interactions between the most potent compounds and COX II, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), and Transforming Growth Factor beta II (TGF‐βII). The docking scores were calculated in the range of −10.609–−6.705 kcal/mol for COX‐II, −8.652–−7.743 kcal/mol for EGFR, and −10.708–−8.596 kcal/mol for TGF‐βII.
Simultaneous optimization of carbon yield and iodine adsorption of ACFs derived from carpet wastes
Authors: Nasouri Komeil , Mousavi Fatemeh Sadat , Ahmadi Simin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecycling post‐consumer carpet waste is a critical consideration for decreasing the environmental hazard of non‐biodegradable plastics. Therefore, the manufacturing of activated carbon fibres (ACFs) from post‐consumer carpet waste treated with KOH was modelled and optimized by the response surface methodology (RSM). The simultaneous effects of carbonization rate, pyrolysis temperature, and activation time on the performance of carpet waste‐based ACFs were studied. Box–Behnken design (BBD) was applied to study the influence of three significant processing parameters on the carbon yield and iodine adsorption of synthesized ACFs. The RSM analysis established that pyrolysis temperature was the most important parameter affecting the ACFs' performance. The optimum settings that led to the production of high carbon yield and iodine adsorption of ACFs were a carbonization rate of 5.4°C/min, pyrolysis temperature of 705.7°C, and activation time of 83 min. The carbon yield and iodine adsorption under the above conditions were obtained at 49.8 ± 0.9 wt.% and 1351 ± 45 mg/g, respectively. BBD has been established to be a powerful approach in modelling and optimization to achieve high‐quality of iodine adsorbents from carpet wastes.
19F VT NMR: Novel Tm3+and Ce3+Complexes Provide New Insight into Temperature Measurement Using Molecular Sensors
Authors: Mysegaes Felix , Spiteller Peter , Bernarding Johannes , Plaumann Markus 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the past few decades, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and MR imaging (MRI) have developed into a powerful non‐invasive tool for medical diagnostic and therapy. Especially19F MR shows promising potential because of the properties of the fluorine atom and the negligible background signals in the MR spectra. The detection of temperature in a living organism is quite difficult, and usually external thermometers or fibers are used. Temperature determination via MRS needs temperature‐sensitive contrast agents. This article reports first results of solvent and structural influences on the temperature sensitivity of19F NMR signals of chosen molecules. By using this chemical shift sensitivity, a local temperature can be determined with a high precision. Based on this preliminary study, we synthesized five metal complexes and compared the results of all variable temperature measurements. It is shown that the highest19F MR signal temperature dependence is detectable for a fluorine nucleus in a Tm3+‐complex.