bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confederate Theology: Robert Lewis Dabney and the Theological Afterlife of Slavery
Authors: Jantzen Matt R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the wake of social movements to remove Confederate monuments from public spaces and expose suppressed legacies of white supremacy in the United States, this article uncovers an influential and overtly white supremacist tradition of US Christian theology through a case study of the Reformed theologian Robert Lewis Dabney (1820‐1898). Regarded by his contemporaries as one of the most prolific theological teachers and scholars of his time, Dabney was also an unrepentant defender of racialized chattel slavery and white supremacy. He was also a leading contributor to Lost Cause revisionism after the Civil War. This reveals a troubling paradox: one of the leading theologians in the United States during the nineteenth century was also one of that century's most committed white supremacists. While Dabney's theological defense of a patriarchal, white supremacist society has too often been either conveniently forgotten or uncritically excused by later generations, this article offers a theological reckoning with Dabney's project in order to diagnose its ramifications for contemporary theology and articulate a constructive response.
Effect of inter‐swallow interval on striated esophagus peristalsis; a comparative study with smooth muscleesophagus
Authors: Edeani Francis , Sanvanson Patrick , Mei Ling , Agrawal Dilpesh , Kern Mark , Kovacic Katja , Shaker Reza 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundEffect of inter‐swallow interval on the contractility of smooth muscle esophagus is well‐documented. However, the effects on peristalsis of the striated esophagus have not been systematically studied. A better understanding of striated esophagus motor function in health and disease may enhance the interpretation of manometric studies and inform clinical care. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of inter‐swallow interval on striated esophagus compared to findings with that of the smooth muscle esophagus.MethodsWe performed two sets of studies to (1) determine the effect of various inter‐swallow interval in 20 healthy volunteers and (2) assess the effect of ultra‐short swallow intervals facilitated by straw drinking in 28 volunteers. We analyzed variables using ANOVA with Tukey's pairwise comparison and paired t‐test.Key resultsUnlike smooth muscle esophagus, the striated esophagus contractile integral did not change significantly for swallow intervals ranging from 30 to 5 s. On the contrary, striated esophagus demonstrated absent or reduced peristalsis in response to ultra‐short (<2 s) intervals during straw‐facilitated multiple rapid swallows.Conclusions and inferencesStriated esophagus peristalsis is subject to manometrically observed inhibition during swallows with ultra‐short intervals. Inter‐swallow intervals as short as 5 s that inhibit smooth muscle esophagus peristalsis do not inhibit striated muscle peristalsis. The mechanisms of these observations are unknown but may relate to central or myenteric nervous system influences or the effects of pharyngeal biomechanics.
On the origin and nature of nongenetic information in eumetazoans
Authors: Cabej Nelson R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNongenetic information implies all the forms of biological information not related to genes and DNA in general. Despite the deep scientific relevance of the concept, we currently lack reliable knowledge about its carriers and origins; hence, we still do not understand its true nature. Given that genes are the targets of nongenetic information, it appears that a parsimonious approach to find the ultimate source of that information is to trace back the sequential steps of the causal chain upstream of the target genes up to the ultimate link as the source of the nongenetic information. From this perspective, I examine seven nongenetically determined phenomena: placement of locus‐specific epigenetic marks on DNA and histones, changes in snRNA expression patterns, neural induction of gene expression, site‐specific alternative gene splicing, predator‐induced morphological changes, and cultural inheritance. Based on the available evidence, I propose a general model of the common neural origin of all these forms of nongenetic information in eumetazoans.
Low hemoglobin levels predict increased radiation‐induced trismus rates in nasopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Somay Efsun , Yilmaz Busra , Topkan Erkan , Pehlivan Berrin , Selek Uğur 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the predictive significance of hemoglobin (Hb) values in the incidence of radiation‐induced trismus (RIT) in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA‐NPC) patients who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (C‐CRT).MethodsData of LA‐NPC patients were examined before and after C‐CRT and to confirm the presence of RIT, maximum mouth openings (MMO) were measured; RIT is defined as an MMO of ≤35 mm. All Hb values were derived from complete blood count tests obtained on the first day of C‐CRT. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to scrutinize a possible connection between pre‐treatment Hb values and RIT status.ResultsTwo hundred and twenty three patients were included in the study and RIT was diagnosed in 46 (20.6%) patients. The Hb cutoff in ROC curve analysis that separated the patients into two groups was 12.05 g/dL [Area under the curve (AUC): 82.7%; sensitivity: 72.9%; and specificity: 71.3%]. RIT was significantly more prevalent in the Hb ≤ 12 g/dL group than in its counterpart (41.9% vs. 7.3%; p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, Hb ≤ 12, anemia, pre‐C‐CRT MMO < 41.4 mm, and masticatory apparatus doseV58 Gy < 32% groups were found to be independently associated with significantly increased rates of RIT.ConclusionLow pre‐C‐CRT Hb and anemia status are novel biological markers that independently predict higher RIT rates in LA‐NPC undergoing C‐CRT.
p‐AKT/VPS4B regulates the small extracellular vesicle size in venous malformation endothelial cells
Authors: Lai Wen‐Qiang , Xia Hou‐Fu , Chen Gao‐Hong , Wang Xiao‐Le , Yang Jie‐Gang , Wu Lian‐Zhi , Zhao Yi‐Fang , Jia Yu‐Lin , Chen Gang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveSmall extracellular vesicle (sEV)‐mediated intercellular communication is increasingly the key for the understanding of venous malformations (VMs). This study aims to clarify the detailed changes of sEVs in VMs.Subjects and MethodsFifteen VM patients without treatment history and twelve healthy donors were enrolled in the study. sEVs were isolated from both fresh lesions and cell supernatant, and were examined by western blotting, nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were adopted to screening candidate regulator of sEV size. Specific inhibitors and siRNA were employed to validate the role of dysregulated p‐AKT/vacuolar protein sorting‐associated protein 4B (VPS4B) signaling on the size of sEVs in endothelial cells.ResultsThe size of sEVs derived from both VM lesion tissues and cell model was significantly increased. VPS4B, whose expression level was mostly significantly downregulated in VM endothelial cells, was responsible for the size change of sEVs. Targeting abnormal AKT activation corrected the size change of sEVs by recovering the expression level of VPS4B.ConclusionDownregulated VPS4B in endothelial cells, resulted from abnormally activated AKT signaling, contributed to the increased size of sEVs in VMs.
MRTF‐A/SRF signaling suppresses invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yang Dan , Yang Dan , He Yuqing , Liu Jiaxin , Song Yansong , Zhou Yu , Jiang Lu , Zeng Xin , Xu Xiaoping , Xu Hao , Li Jing , Dan Hongxia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundSerum response factor (SRF) and myocardial‐associated transcription factor‐A (MRTF‐A) had different regulatory effects on the tumorigenesis and development in different cancers. However, the role of MRTF‐A/SRF in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains to be determined.MethodsCCK‐8 assay, cell scratch experiment, and transwell invasion assay were conducted to investigate the effects of MRTF‐A/SRF on biological behavior of OSCC cells. The expression pattern and prognostic value of MRTF‐A/SRF in OSCC were analyzed based on cBioPortal website and TCGA database. Protein–protein interaction network was visualized to identify protein functions. Go and KEGG pathway analyses were performed to investigate related pathways. The effect of MRTF‐A/SRF on epithelial–mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of OSCC cells was explored by western blot assay.ResultsOverexpression of MRTF‐A/SRF inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells in vitro. High expression of SRF was related to better prognosis of OSCC patients on hard palate, alveolar ridge, and oral tongue. Besides, overexpression of MRTF‐A/SRF inhibited the EMT of OSCC cells.ConclusionSRF was closely related to the prognosis of OSCC. High expression of SRF and its co‐activator MRTF‐A inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells in vitro, possibly via EMT suppression.
Clinical and Radiographic Comparison of Oblique Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion and Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Patients with L4/5 grade‐1 Degenerative Spondylolisthesis
Authors: He Da , He Wei , Tian Wei , Liu Bo , Liu Yajun , Sun Yuqing , Xing Yonggang , Lang Zhao , Wang Yumei , Ma Tengfei , Liu Mingming 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesTo compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in patients with grade‐1 L4/5 degenerative spondylolisthesis.MethodsBased on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the comparative analysis included consecutive patients with grade‐1 degenerative spondylolisthesis who underwent oblique LIF (OLIF, n = 36) or minimally invasive transforaminal LIF (MI‐TLIF, n = 45) at the Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from January 2016 to August 2017. Patient satisfaction Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, visual analog scale (VAS) scores for back and leg pain, Oswestry disability index (ODI), radiographic outcomes including anterior/posterior disc heights (ADH/PDH), foraminal height (FH), foraminal width (FW), cage subsidence, cage retropulsion, and fusion rate were assessed during a 2‐year follow‐up. Continuous data are presented as mean ± standard deviation and were compared between groups using the independent sample t‐test. Categorical data are presented as n (%) and were compared between groups using the Pearson chi‐squared test or Fisher's exact test. Repetitive measurement and analysis of variance was employed in the analysis of ODI, back pain VAS score, and leg pain VAS score. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05.ResultsThe OLIF and MI‐TLIF groups comprised 36 patients (age, 52.1 ± 7.2 years; 27 women) and 45 patients (age, 48.4 ± 14.4 years; 24 women), respectively. Satisfaction rates at 2 years post procedure exceeded 90% in both groups. The OLIF group had less intraoperative blood loss (140 ± 36 vs 233 ± 62 mL), lower back pain VAS score (2.42 ± 0.81 vs 3.38 ± 0.47), and ODI score (20.47 ± 2.53 vs 27.31 ± 3.71) at 3 months follow‐up (with trends toward lower values at 2 years follow‐up), but higher leg pain VAS scores at all postoperative time points than the MI‐TLIF group (all p < 0.001). ADH, PDH, FD, and FW improved in both groups post‐surgery. At the 2 year follow‐up, the OLIF group had a higher rate of Bridwell grade‐I fusion (100% vs 88.9%, p = 0.046) and lower incidences of cage subsidence (8.33% vs 46.67%, p < 0.001) and retropulsion (0% vs 6.67%, p = 0.046) than the MI‐TLIF group.ConclusionsIn patients with grade‐I spondylolisthesis, OLIF was associated with lower blood loss and greater improvements in VAS for back pain and ODI and radiologic outcomes than MI‐TLIF. The OLIF is more suitable for these patients with low back pain as the main symptoms are accompanied by mild or no leg symptoms before operation.
Metabolic engineering and mechanical investigation of enhanced plant autoluminescence
Authors: Zheng Peng , Ge Jieyu , Ji Jiayi , Zhong Jingling , Chen Hongyu , Luo Daren , Li Wei , Bi Bo , Ma Yongjun , Tong Wanghui , Han Leiqin , Ma Siqi , Zhang Yuqi , Wu Jianping , Zhao Yanqiu , Pan Ronghui , Fan Pengxiang , Lu Mengzhu , Du Hao 
Published: May 2023

SummaryThe fungal bioluminescence pathway (FBP) was identified from glowing fungi, which releases self‐sustained visible green luminescence. However, weak bioluminescence limits the potential application of the bioluminescence system. Here, we screened and characterized a C3′H1 (4‐coumaroyl shikimate/quinate 3′‐hydroxylase) gene from Brassica napus, which efficiently converts p‐coumaroyl shikimate to caffeic acid and hispidin. Simultaneous expression of BnC3′H1 and NPGA (null‐pigment mutant in A. nidulans) produces more caffeic acid and hispidin as the natural precursor of luciferin and significantly intensifies the original fungal bioluminescence pathway (oFBP). Thus, we successfully created enhanced FBP (eFBP) plants emitting 3 × 1011 photons/min/cm2, sufficient to illuminate its surroundings and visualize words clearly in the dark. The glowing plants provide sustainable and bio‐renewable illumination for the naked eyes, and manifest distinct responses to diverse environmental conditions via caffeic acid biosynthesis pathway. Importantly, we revealed that the biosynthesis of caffeic acid and hispidin in eFBP plants derived from the sugar pathway, and the inhibitors of the energy production system significantly reduced the luminescence signal rapidly from eFBP plants, suggesting that the FBP system coupled with the luciferin metabolic flux functions in an energy‐driven way. These findings lay the groundwork for genetically creating stronger eFBP plants and developing more powerful biological tools with the FBP system.
Chilling induces sugar and ABA accumulation that antagonistically signals for symplastic connection of dormant potato buds
Authors: Danieli Raz , Assouline Shmuel , Salam Bolaji Babajide , Vrobel Ondřej , Teper‐Bamnolker Paula , Belausov Eduard , Granot David , Tarkowski Petr , Eshel Dani 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEndodormancy (ED) is a crucial stage in the life cycle of many perennial plants. ED release requires accumulating a certain amount of cold exposure, measured as chilling units. However, the mechanism governing the effect of chilling on ED duration is poorly understood. We used the potato tuber model to investigate the response to chilling as associated with ED release. We measured the accumulation of specific sugars during and after chilling, defined as sugar units. We discovered that ED duration correlated better with sugar units accumulation than chilling units. A logistic function was developed based on sugar units measurements to predict ED duration. Knockout or overexpression of the vacuolar invertase gene (StVInv) unexpectedly modified sugar units levels and extended or shortened ED, respectively. Silencing the energy sensor SNF1‐related protein kinase 1, induced higher sugar units accumulation and shorter ED. Sugar units accumulation induced by chilling or transgenic lines reduced plasmodesmal (PD) closure in the dormant bud meristem. Chilling or knockout of abscisic acid (ABA) 8′‐hydroxylase induced ABA accumulation, in parallel to sweetening, and antagonistically promoted PD closure. Our results suggest that chilling induce sugar units and ABA accumulation, resulting in antagonistic signals for symplastic connection of the dormant bud.
Ghosts of dry seasons past: Legacy of severe drought enhances mangrove salinity tolerance through coordinated cellular osmotic and elastic adjustments
Authors: Beckett Holly A. A. , Neeman Teresa , Fuenzalida Tomás I. , Bryant Callum , Latorre Sara Chica , Ovington Leuwin I. , Sack Lawren , Meir Patrick , Ball Marilyn C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe incidence and severity of global mangrove mortality due to drought is increasing. Yet, little is understood of the capacity of mangroves to show long‐term acclimation of leaf water relations to severe drought. We tested for differences between mid‐dry season leaf water relations in two cooccurring mangroves, Aegiceras corniculatum and Rhizophora stylosa before a severe drought (a heatwave combined with low rainfall) and after its relief by the wet season. Consistent with ecological stress memory, the legacy of severe drought enhanced salinity tolerance in the subsequent dry season through coordinated adjustments that reduced the leaf water potential at the turgor loss point and increased cell wall rigidity. These adjustments enabled maintenance of turgor and relative water content with increasing salinity. As most canopy growth occurs during the wet season, acclimation to the ‘memory’ of higher salinity in the previous dry season enables greater leaf function with minimal adjustments, as long‐lived leaves progress from wet through dry seasons. However, declining turgor safety margins ‐ the difference between soil water potential and leaf water potential at turgor loss ‐ implied increasing limitation to water use with increasing salinity. Thus, plasticity in leaf water relations contributes fundamentally to mangrove function under varying salinity regimes.
Taking stock: The contribution of policy studies to our understanding of gun policy
Authors: Schwartz Noah S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the summer of 2022, the tragic mass shooting in Uvalde, Texas once again thrust firearms policy onto the public agenda and opened an agenda window for bipartisan gun reforms in the Senate. Almost simultaneously, the Supreme Court struck down restrictions on concealed carry in New York state in the first major ruling on Second Amendment Rights sinceMacDonald v.Chicago. Given the salience of firearms policy to contemporary policy debates, it is important to take stock of how the discipline of policy studies has contributed to our understanding of this pressing area of policy. As we see, scholars of policy studies have largely left discussions of firearms policy to disciplines like criminology, sociology, economics, and public health. Despite this, a small group of scholars has used the theoretical toolkit of our discipline to better understand this issue. This short review article will present the contribution of policy studies to our understanding of firearms policy from Sandy Hook to Uvalde and provide suggestions for areas where the discipline can contribute to our understanding of this vitally important regulatory issue. Most importantly, more work is needed to develop robust and multidimensional evaluations of firearms policies.Related ArticlesCook, Philip J., and Jens Ludwig. 2019. “Understanding Gun Violence: Public Health vs. Public Policy.”Journal of Policy Analysis and Management38(3): 788–95.https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.22141.Haider‐Markel, Donald P., and Mark R. Joselyn. 2017. “Special Issue Editors' Introduction: Gun Politics.”Social Science Quarterly98(2): 377–81.https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12415.
An application of a qd‐type discrete hungry Lotka–Volterra equation over finite fields to a decoding problem
Authors: Pan Yan , Chang Xiang‐Ke , Hu Xing‐Biao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the decoding problem for multiple Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH)‐Goppa codes over the same finite field is investigated. A new iterative decoding algorithm is proposed based on the quotient difference (qd)‐type discrete hungry Lotka–Volterra equation over finite fields. Compared with certain existing algorithms, the proposed algorithm manifests its advantage in computational complexity. A few of examples are presented to demonstrate its efficiency.
Equine allergic skin diseases: Clinical consensus guidelines of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology
Authors: Marsella R. , White S. , Fadok V. A. , Wilson D. , Mueller R. , Outerbridge C. , Rosenkrantz W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundAllergic skin diseases are common in horses worldwide. The most common causes are insect bites and environmental allergens.ObjectivesTo review the current literature and provide consensus on pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.Materials and MethodsThe authors reviewed the literature up to November 2022. Results were presented at North America Veterinary Dermatology Forum (2021) and European Veterinary Dermatology Congress (2021). The report was available to member organisations of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology for feedback.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceInsect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is the best characterised allergic skin disease. An immunoglobulin (Ig)E response againstCulicoidessalivary antigens is widely documented. Genetics and environmental factors play important roles. Tests with high sensitivity and specificity are lacking, and diagnosis of IBH is based on clinical signs, seasonality and response to insect control. Eosinophils, interleukin (IL)‐5 and IL‐31 are explored as therapeutic targets. Presently, the most effective treatment is insect avoidance. Existing evidence does not support allergen‐specific immunotherapy (ASIT) using commercially available extracts ofCulicoides. Hypersensitivity to environmental allergens (atopic dermatitis) is the next most common allergy. A role for IgE is supported by serological investigation, skin test studies and positive response to ASIT. Prospective, controlled, randomised studies are limited, and treatment relies largely on glucocorticoids, antihistamines and ASIT based on retrospective studies. Foods are known triggers for urticaria, yet their role in pruritic dermatitis is unknown. Recurrent urticaria is common in horses, yet our understanding is limited and focussed on IgE and T‐helper 2 cell response. Prospective, controlled studies on treatments for urticaria are lacking. Glucocorticoids and antihistamines are primary reported treatments.
The Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Disablement in the Physically Active Scale
Authors: Acar Manolya , Öztürk Demet , Demirsöz Mert , Tekindal Mustafa Agah 
Published: May 2023

Context: The Disablement in the Physically Active Scale (DPAS) was recently developed to evaluate the disability process and health-related quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the DPAS in physically active individuals with musculoskeletal injury. Methods: The study sample comprised 64 physically active individuals with musculoskeletal injury aged 16–40 years. The DPAS was translated into Turkish according to the guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation. Short Form-36 was used concurrently to test the construct validity. The test–retest reliability of the Turkish version of the scale assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach α was calculated for internal consistency. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis carried out on the Turkish version of the DPAS was confirmed. Cronbach α was calculated to be .946. The intraclass correlation coefficients ranged between .593 and .924 (P < .001). The Turkish version of the scale showed significant correlations with domains of the Short Form-36 (P < .05). When the sensitivity of the study was evaluated, the highest correlation was found between DPAS total score and impairments (r = .906, P = .001), and the lowest correlation was between DPAS total score and quality of life (r = .637, P = .001). Conclusion: The Turkish version of the DPAS is a reliable, valid, and practical tool. The Turkish version of the DPAS can be used by health professionals to understand quality of life, the disability process, and activity limitations in Turkish-speaking physically active people after musculoskeletal injuries.