bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2021 Texas Electricity Black-out Crisis: Root-cause Analysis and Recommendations
Authors: Madhavan Kirthi , Rajamani Divakar 
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we discuss the structure of the U.S power grid and various sources of electricity generation and potential vulnerabilities that the grid can face. We also discuss the role of Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), the organization that is primarily responsible for managing electricity in Texas, and the sequence of events that led to the power crisis in Texas during February 2021. Finally, we do a root cause analysis for the power crisis and provide recommendations to minimize the impact of these type events on the Texas grid in the future.
The paper is organized as follows: In section one, we discuss the energy sources, how the electricity grid in America works, and some potential vulnerabilities of the power grid. Section two is entirely devoted to an explanation of how ERCOT works in Texas. In section three we discuss the events that took place in February 2021 that led to blackout. In section four we discuss why did the events unfold and break down the causes. We also discuss advantages and disadvantages of the current structural elements of Texas electricity industry. In section five we offer some recommendations to remedy the situation.
Stress Hormone Adrenaline Boosts the Antibacterial Properties of L. plantarum and E. hallii
Authors: Bok Michelle 
Published: March 2023

Amid intense exercise, the human body’s quick adaptability to stressful conditions is vital to cellular function, initiating what we recognize as an “adrenaline rush”. Despite findings on the in vitro interaction of adrenaline with the gut microbiome to regulate its virulence gene expression through AI-3 quorum sensing, studies conducted to examine the influence of the stress hormone adrenaline released through exercise on the function of the microbiome in our gut are yet insufficient. The human gut consists of a variety of microbes such as L. plantarum and E. hallii that hold vital roles in maintaining metabolic balance in the gut microbiome. Through our research, we envisioned investigating how adrenaline treatment at different time intervals or concentrations mirroring the various circumstances of exercise may affect bacterial growth, antibacterial substance production, and their antibacterial properties. While both bacteria were not affected in its growth for 48 hours, in L. plantarum, demonstrating decreased growth in the first 8 hours, its main functions — lactic acid production — were furthered with the hormone. In E. hallii, butyric acid production, with the hormone, significantly increased in its supernatant, and the intermediate treatment of adrenaline for 8 hours served to catalyze the rate at which the bacteria reached its stationary phase of growth. The study holds great promise for future investigations on how such a mechanism can be applied to therapies boosting our existing abilities of protein disposal directly correlated to the prevention of diseases. What remains is, nevertheless, the discussion regarding the true control center of these bacteria that interact with adrenaline to cause changes in the antibiotic properties, function, and growth. In other words, future studies can be oriented towards understanding the changes in the antibacterial properties of given bacteria not indirectly through chemicals with antibacterial traits but rather through the quantitative measurement of growth inhibition with other bacteria or organisms.
The Validity of Three Neoclassical Canons on Attractive South Korean Faces
Authors: Li Nicole , Chen Trevor 
Published: March 2023

Neoclassical thinkers and artists defined several facial proportions that supposedly evaluate facial attractiveness in an objective manner. While these neoclassical canons are highly influential in Western art and beauty cultures, their influences on East Asian beauty perception are unclear. This research paper explores the relevance of three neoclassical canons on South Korean beauty standards by calculating three facial proportions of 31 attractive female South Korean celebrities and comparing the average values of each proportion with the corresponding neoclassical canon. This study presents further insight to anthropologists about the cultural influences on beauty perception. Furthermore, these findings can also help plastic surgeons offer more practical advice to clients of different ethnicities with facial features that may not conform to the beauty standards defined by neoclassical canons and clients who subscribe to different beauty standards.
Using Newton’s Laws to Determine the Quality of Bharatanatyam Dance Movements
Authors: Ganesh Sidhya , Ramachandran Subramanian 
Published: March 2023

Bharatanatyam, an ancient Indian Classical dance form, places a heavy emphasis on dancers’ body positioning and usage of space, categorizing movements as ‘Good’ or ‘Bad’ qualitatively. The present experiment investigated the extent to which statics/kinematics can be used to evaluate the quality of a Bharatanatyam dance movement. The declared hypothesis was that the dancer’s body could be approximated as a rigid body/simple object, for analysis. Two Bharatanatyam movements, a one-dimensional jump, and a two-dimensional parabolic leap were each performed in a ‘Good’ and ‘Bad’ manner, recorded with calibration sticks in the background, and analyzed using Tracker. Inconsistencies within acceleration due to gravity values disproved the hypothesis. However, kinematics/statics comparisons between ‘Good’ and ‘Bad’ versions of both movements resulted in the following quantitative takeaways. In the one-dimensional movement, the ‘Good’ movement had a longer duration of free fall, a higher maximum vertical height, and a smaller horizontal displacement than the ‘Bad’ movement. The force exerted by the floor on the dancer was around 100 times the dancer’s body mass in the ‘Good’ movement vs. only 72 times in the ‘Bad’ movement. In the two-dimensional ‘Good’ movement, the dancer vertically jumped 2.15% of their body height and horizontally jumped 16% of their body height. In the ‘Bad’ movement, the same values were 0.895% and 21%. Calculating torque during launch revealed that the launch leg in the ‘Good’ movement was closer to than in the ‘Bad’ movement. The ratio of horizontal to vertical displacement was also 3 times lower for the ‘Good’ movement.
Modeling the inhibition effect of straw checkerboard barriers on wind-blown sand
Authors: Huang Haojie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Straw checkerboard barriers (SCBs) are usually laid to prevent or delay
desertification caused by eolian sand erosion in arid and semiarid regions. Understanding the impact of SCBs and their laying length on eolian sand erosion is of great significance to reduce damage and laying costs. In this study, a three-dimensional wind-blown-sand model in the presence of SCBs was established by introducing the splash process and equivalent sand barriers into a large-eddy simulation airflow. From this model, the inhibition effect of SCBs on wind-blown sand was studied qualitatively, and the sensitivity of eolian sand erosion to the laying length was investigated. The results showed that the decrease in the wind speed in the SCB area oscillates along the flow direction. Moreover, the longer the laying lengths are, the lower the wind speed and the sand transport rate in the stable stage behind SCBs will be. We further found that the concentration of sand particles near the side of SCBs is higher than that in its central region, which is qualitatively consistent with previous research. Our results also indicated that whether the wind speed will decrease below the impact threshold or the fluid threshold is the key factor affecting whether sand particles can penetrate the SCBs and form stable wind-blown sand behind the SCBs under the same conditions. Although our model does not include the collision between sand particles and SCB walls, which makes the suppression of wind-blown sand by SCBs obtained from the current model conservative, our research still provides theoretical support for the minimum laying length of SCBs in anti-desertification projects.
The temperature-dependent shear strength of ice-filled joints in rock mass considering the effect of joint roughness, opening and shear rates
Authors: Huang Shibing , Cai Haowei , Xin Zekun , Liu Gang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Global warming causes many rockfall activities in alpine mountains, especially when ice-filled joints in the rock mass become thawed. The
warming and thawing of frozen soils and intact rocks have been widely studied in the past several decades; however, the variation of shear strengths of
ice-filled joints is not fully understood. In this study, a series of compression–shear experiments were conducted to investigate the shear
strength of ice-filled rock joints by considering the effects of joint roughness, temperature, opening, shear rates and normal stress. The joint
roughness can improve the shear strength of ice-filled joints. However, the contribution of joint roughness is controlled by some noticeable bulges
instead of the joint roughness coefficient (JRC) index. The peak shear strength of the ice-filled joint linearly increases with the increasing aggregation of rupture ice area before these noticeable bulges. As the joint opening increases, the effect of joint roughness decreases, and the shear strength of ice-filled joints tends to be equal to the
shear strength of pure ice. In addition, the shear strength quickly reduces with increasing temperature from −15 to −0.5 ∘C. The
shear failure mode changes from shear cracking of joint ice to the shear debonding of the ice–rock interface above −1 ∘C. Increasing
shear rate decreases the shear strength of ice-filled joints because the joint ice displays the brittle failure phenomenon at a high shear
rate. The peak shear strength of the ice-filled joint linearly increases with the increase in normal stress. Moreover, it is also proved that the
Mohr–Coulomb criterion can be used to characterize the shear strength of ice-filled joints under different normal stresses. This research can
provide a better understanding of the warming degradation mechanism of ice-filled joints by considering the abovementioned important influencing factors.
The Rhetoric of Illiberal Democracy: Viktor Orbán’s Narratives of National Ascent and a Nation in Peril
Authors: Trifonov Svilen Veselinov 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe rise of illiberalism and nationalism in Hungary is often attributed to Viktor Orbán’s leadership and rhetoric over the past decade. His ideas and words have also reverberated around the globe and served as models for conservative leaders. This article offers a rhetorical analysis with a focus on the role of the intertwining narratives of national ascent and a nation in peril as containers for the ideology of illiberalism. Taking a narrative perspective, it examines the way in which Orbán appeals to Hungarians to embrace nationalist, isolationist, and illiberal approaches to democratic governance. It concludes with a discussion of the implications of the rhetoric of illiberalism and the implications for future research into the rhetorics of the newest wave of conservatism spreading throughout the world.
Training teachers to work on racism, prejudice and racial discrimination in early childhood education
Authors: Guimarães Junior José Carlos , Rodrigues de Sousa Adão , Costa de Santana Marttem , Carneiro Braga Francisco , Barbosa Pacheco Souza Lívia , De Oliveira Hellyegenes , De Souza Ferreira Tarciana Cecília , Costa e Silva Savio Lima 
Published: March 2023

Early childhood education is absent from the legal regulations, so that there is an advance in an education free of racism, prejudice and discrimination. It is known that racism is a problem that permeates the Brazilian society, being present mainly in the school environment. With the enslavement of Africans, several myths about the supposed inferiority of blacks in relation to whites emerged as a way to show that they were and still are below whites. "Being white was considered a normal human condition, but being black required scientific justification" (Munanga, 1984). As a result, various prejudiced expressions were disseminated in the interaction between blacks and whites, leading to racial discrimination and racism. Even in early childhood education, it is important to be aware of racist practices, even if they often seem unconscious. Thus, the purpose of this article is to examine instances of prejudice and racial discrimination among young children in the context of early childhood education and the coping strategies used by teachers. Following a methodology based on qualitative research, using bibliographies, it brings the reader first-hand accounts from teachers about prejudiced and/or discriminatory situations involving young students in everyday school life.
Value At Risk Analysis Using Historical Method and Monte Carlo Simulation in Banking and Mining Sector Companies
Authors: Darman Saputra  , Zukhri Nizwan , Altin Darus , Agung Nugroho Ari , Daddy Setiawan Ryand , Fitari Tiara , Thohari Mustofa 
Published: March 2023

Purpose – Investments in the capital market must be able to understand the risks that exist, because investments that will be faced in the future contain uncertainty. The growth of trading activity and the increasingly uncertain market makes market participants feel the need to develop more accurate and reliable risk measurement techniques. One of the risk measurement techniques is Value at Risk (VaR).
Methodology/approach – Value at Risk (VaR) is a method of calculating market risk to determine the maximum risk of loss that can occur in a portfolio, both single and multi-instrument, especially the level of confidence, during a certain holding period, and under normal conditions. market conditions. This study uses secondary data in the form of stocks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, the samples obtained are 2 companies. Processing data in this study using Microsoft Excel program for measuring Value at Risk in portfolios using Monte Carlo simulation.
Findings – The results of the study show that a greater return will provide a greater level of risk, judging from the return and VaR values of each portfolio. Where portfolio one has a greater return than the second portfolio, and portfolio one also has a greater risk level than the second portfolio. Investment in the capital market requires a good risk calculation in buying or selling shares, so the purpose of this study is to help investors take steps or policies that are in accordance with the company's conditions..
Novelty/value – The results in this study illustrate that the purchase of BBRI shares with the banking sub-sector and ANTM's shares in the Mining Company sub-sector has its respective risks and benefits. Therefore, the VaR Monte Carlo simulation method can describe each stock.
Creating Customer Loyalty Through Commitment to Quality of Service Model of Brady Cronin
Authors: Susriyanti Susriyanti , Krisna Nandan Lima , Lusiana Lusiana , Nardo Rio 
Published: March 2023

Purpose –This study aims to see how the effect of the service quality of the Brady Cronin model (quality of interaction, quality of the physical environment, quality of results) on customer loyalty directly or indirectly through commitment. Methodology/approaches – This Study used Quantitatif method. The Quistioner were distributing to 200 customers of Bank Nagari in the city of Padang. Findings –It was found that the quality of the interaction and the quality of the physical environment in the service quality of the Brady Cronin model directly affected customer loyalty. Meanwhile, the quality of the results in the service quality of the Brady Cronin model does not directly affect customer loyalty. Indirectly, the three services of the Brady Cronin model of service quality affect customer loyalty through commitment. Novelty/values ​​–The quality of results that do not have a direct effect on loyalty indicates that customers have not got what they want. So it is important for Bank Nagari to improve the quality of results to increase customer loyalty in the future.
Effect of Executive Characterics and Firm Size on Tax avoidance
Authors: Pujiastuti Heni , Subkhan Farid 
Published: March 2023

Purpose – This study seeks to determine the extent of the role of the executive in playing its policies in determining the cost of taxes.Methodology/approach – To find out more about executive capabilities in determining tax policy, financial statements from issuer manufacturing companies for the 2015 - 2019 period were used. All data was obtained by purposive sampling. SPSS 25 is used in analyzing data and answering the objectives of this study.Findings – The role of Executive Characteristics has no influence on Tax Avoidance. Tax Avoidance is influenced by Executive Characteristics and Firms Size. This is because executives do not have the desire to do tax avoidance through things that are possible to reduce tax payments, taking advantage of transactions that are of a nature related parties between branches within the company,Novelty/value – Executive character and Forms Size have no effect on Tax Avoidance, because executives want a good company reputation among stakeholders and there is also no material effect if tax avoidance is carried out
Treatment of Osteoporosis With Anabolic Agents and the Risk of Primary Bone Cancers: A Study of 44,728 Patients Treated With Teriparatide and Abaloparatide
Authors: McDonald Christopher L. , Johnson Keir , Alsoof Daniel , Molino Janine , Balmaceno-Criss Mariah , Daniels Alan H. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Bone anabolic agents can benefit orthopaedic patients perioperatively and improve outcomes after fragility fractures. However, preliminary animal data raised concern for the potential development of primary bony malignancies after treatment with these medications.

Methods:
This investigation examined 44,728 patients older than 50 years who were prescribed teriparatide or abaloparatide and compared them with a matched control group to evaluate risk of primary bone cancer development. Patients younger than 50 years with a history of cancer or other risk factors of bony malignancy were excluded. A separate cohort of 1,241 patients prescribed an anabolic agent with risk factors of primary bone malignancy, along with 6,199 matched control subjects, was created to evaluate the effect of anabolic agents. Cumulative incidence and incidence rate per 100,000 person-years were calculated as were risk ratios and incidence rate ratios.

Results:
The overall risk of primary bone malignancy development for risk factor–excluded patients in the anabolic agent-exposed group was 0.02%, compared with 0.05% in the nonexposed group. The incidence rate per 100,000 person-years was calculated at 3.61 for the anabolic-exposed patients and 6.46 for control subjects. A risk ratio of 0.47 (P = 0.03) and incidence rate ratio of 0.56 (P = 0.052) were observed for the development of primary bone malignancies in patients undergoing treatment with bone anabolic agents. Among high-risk patients, 5.96% of the anabolic-exposed cohort developed primary bone malignancies and 8.13% of nonexposed patients developed primary bone malignancy. The risk ratio was 0.73 (P = 0.01), and the incidence rate ratio was 0.95 (P = 0.67).

Conclusion:
Teriparatide and abaloparatide can safely be used for osteoporosis and orthopaedic perioperative management without increased risk of development of primary bone malignancy.
Prevención y detección de operaciones de lavado de dinero en el sistema financiero; hacia una más efectiva lucha contra la corrupción
Authors: García Rojas Castillo Sandro 
Published: March 2023

La corrupción y el lavado de dinero están intrínsecamente vinculados, ya que los recursos obtenidos por hecho de corrupción, al ser ilícitos, requieren ser sometidos a mecanismos para ocultar su origen y darles una apariencia de legalidad. Es cierto que no todos los fondos que se obtienen de operaciones ilícitas van destinados a insertarse en el sistema financiero, sin embargo, haciendo una analogía, ¿qué mejor lugar para esconder un árbol que un bosque? Por ende, ¿qué mejor lugar para esconder dinero que el sistema financiero?
En el sistema de prevención de lavado de dinero, sea financiero o no, es inminente la necesidad de ayudar a los sujetos supervisados, ya sea por la CNBV o por el SAT, para analizar y comprender mejor los factores de riesgo específicos que pueden ayudarlos en la identificación.
Las operaciones con recursos de procedencia ilícita y las fintech: responsabilidad penal de las personas morales
Authors: Nava Garcés Alberto Enrique , Núñez Ruiz Juliette 
Published: March 2023

El concepto de empresa ha ido evolucionando a lo largo del tiempo, dicha capacidad de mutación ha influenciado en el mundo impactando no solo de forma económica, sino también social y culturalmente, lo anterior ya que no se ha limitado a los tipos de empresas o sociedades que conocíamos, sino que se ha dado un nuevo concepto derivado de la búsqueda de innovación y un modelo de negocios rentable.
Por lo anterior es que se crea el sector fintech, mismo que ha ido ganando terreno en la economía, en negocios e incluso en las legislaciones, por lo tanto, se identificará la evolución de este sector y el grado de reglamentación que ocupa en México, para ello hemos de verificar la evolución que han tenido las empresas y los inicios de la startup, que ha servido de base para crear las fintech.
Concientización, México y la ciberguerra
Authors: Ramírez Castañeda Carlos 
Published: March 2023

La carencia de concientización sobre riesgos digitales ha traído consigo una serie de peligros mayores que, hoy en día, dan paso a ser utilizados como armas digitales al alcance de cualquier persona con el conocimiento técnico suficiente. La necesidad de tener un control sobre poblaciones y gobiernos nos ha llevado a un punto de evolución en el cual la guerra ahora se convierte en una ciberguerra; la utilización de malware, los ataques a infraestructuras críticas, los vacíos legales y la carencia de una cultura digital apegada a los peligros más allá de un ciberdelito pueden resultar en consecuencias devastadoras. Cuando migramos de un ataque digital a uno con repercusiones tangibles en el mundo físico es donde debemos tener un punto de partida sobre las prospectivas y escenarios que requieren atención más allá de los asuntos políticos del país.