bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-Branch CNN GRU with attention mechanism for human action recognition
Authors: Verma Updesh , Tyagi Pratibha , Aneja Manpreet Kaur 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
For recognition of human actions, deep neural networks have been widely used in recent years including convolutional neural networks. They have gained very much popularity due to their effectiveness in feature representation over traditional approaches. But at the same time, deep learning networks faced some challenges such as the requirement of a sufficient amount of labelled data which are rarely available and the non-availability of computationally effective resources for deep neural networks. To overcome these challenges, multi-head deep learning architecture by combining Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) with attention mechanism is proposed in this research for recognition of human actions. Three lightweight CNN heads GRU are utilized, and attention mechanisms are introduced in each head for the effective representation of important features and suppression of other undesired features. Three benchmark datasets PAMAP2, UCI-HAR and WISDM are taken for experimentation on proposed model. The performance of this architecture outperformed other models in terms of achieved accuracy, F-1 score and computational efficiency. The proposed approach obtained accuracy of 99.23%, 94.19% and 98.65% on WISDM, UCI-HAR and PAMAP2 datasets.
The optimized anticoagulation strategy in prolonged hemodialysis
Authors: Thielemans Raïsa , Vanommeslaeghe Floris , Josipovic Iván , De Somer Filip , Devreese Katrien , Boone Matthieu , Van Biesen Wim , Eloot Sunny 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
During extended (nocturnal) hemodialysis (ENHD), the dose of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) can be administered as a single injection or as a divided dose over different time points. Our hypothesis was that a single injection might be sufficient to maintain dialyzer fiber patency. In addition, we investigated whether the biochemical clotting parameter anti-Xa accurately predicts fiber blocking.

Methods
Our hypothesis was tested in 20 stable patients on ENHD in a random cross-over setting during two consecutive midweek sessions. The regular total dose of LMWH (i.e. enoxaparin, Clexane® 40–100 mg, Sanofi, Belgium) was either given (i) in a single injection at the dialysis start or (ii) divided over two injections, at the start and halfway the dialysis session. Blood samples were taken from the arterial blood line at different time points to determine plasma anti-Xa activity levels. Post-dialysis, the rinsed and dried hemodialyzers were scanned with a reference micro-computed tomography (µCT) scanning technique, and non-blocked fibers were counted in a central cross-section of the dialyzer outlet potting (ImageJ, NIH, USA).

Results
The percentage of open fibers in the dialyzers after a single injection of LMWH [91 (61–96)%] versus divided administration [94 (79–98)%] was not different. Time averaged anti-Xa activity levels were clinically not significantly different between both sessions. Anti-Xa activity levels correlated with the administered anticoagulation doses normalized for body weight, but not with the percentages open fibers in the dialyzers.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that there is no need to administer enoxaparin over two injections for ENHD up to 8 h. The usefulness of monitoring anti-Xa levels to predict fiber patency, assessed by µCT, can be questioned, but further clinical trials are needed.
Transaxillary approach enhances postoperative recovery after mitral valve surgery
Authors: Malvindi Pietro Giorgio , Wilbring Manuel , De Angelis Veronica , Bifulco Olimpia , Berretta Paolo , Kappert Utz , Di Eusanio Marco 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Several thoracic incisions have been described and different techniques used for cardiopulmonary bypass, myocardial protection, and valve exposure in minimally invasive mitral valve surgery. The aim of this study is to compare the early outcomes of patients operated using a simplified minimally invasive approach through a right transaxillary (TAxA) access with those achieved with conventional full sternotomy (FS) operations.

METHODS
Prospectively collected data of patients who underwent mitral valve surgery between 2017 and 2022 at 2 academic centres were reviewed. Among them, 454 patients were operated through minimally invasive mitral valve surgery TAxA access and 667 patients through FS; associated aortic and coronary arteries surgery (CABG) procedures, infective endocarditis, redo and urgent operations were excluded. A propensity-matched analysis was performed using 17 preoperative variables.

RESULTS
Two well-balanced cohorts including a total of 804 patients were analysed. The rate of mitral valve repair was similar in both groups. Operative times were shorter in the FS group; nevertheless, in patients operated with a minimally invasive approach, there was a trend towards decreasing cross-clamp time over the study period (P = 0.07). In the TAxA group, 30-day mortality was 0.25%, and postoperative cerebral stroke rate was 0.7%. TAxA mitral surgery was associated with shorter intubation time (P &lt; 0.001) and intensive care unit stay (P &lt; 0.001). After a median hospital stay of 8 days, 30% of patients who had TAxA surgery were discharged home versus 5% in the FS group (P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
When compared with FS access, TAxA approach provides at least similar excellent early outcomes in terms of perioperative morbidity and mortality and allows shorter mechanical ventilation time, intensive care unit and postoperative hospital stay with a higher rate of patients able to be discharged home without any further period of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation.
Evolution of Metabolome and Transcriptome Supports a Hierarchical Organization of Adaptive Traits
Authors: Lai Wei-Yun , Otte Kathrin A , Schlötterer Christian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMost organismal phenotypes have a polygenic basis, which enables adaptive phenotypic responses on ecological time scales. While adaptive phenotypic changes are highly parallel in replicate populations, this does not apply to the contributing loci. In particular for small populations, the same phenotypic shift can be fueled by different sets of alleles at alternative loci (genetic redundancy). Although this phenomenon is empirically well supported, the molecular basis of the genetic redundancy is not yet understood. To fill this gap, we compared the heterogeneity of the evolutionary transcriptomic and metabolomic response in ten Drosophila simulans populations which evolved parallel high-level phenotypic changes in a novel temperature environment but used different allelic combinations of alternative loci. We showed that the metabolome evolved more parallel than the transcriptome, confirming a hierarchical organization of molecular phenotypes. Different sets of genes responded in each evolved population but led to the enrichment of similar biological functions and a consistent metabolic profile. Since even the metabolomic response was still highly heterogeneous across evolved populations, we propose that selection may operate on pathways/networks.
Convergence rate of inertial forward–backward algorithms based on the local error bound condition
Authors: Liu Hongwei , Wang Ting , Liu Zexian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The ‘inertial forward–backward algorithm’ (IFB) is a powerful algorithm for solving a class of convex non-smooth minimization problems, IFB relies on an inertial parameter $\gamma _{k}$ whose tuning is crucial for achieving accelerated convergence speeds as compared to the classical forward–backward algorithm. Under the local error bound condition, it is known that IFB converges R-linearly as soon as the inertial parameter satisfies ${\sup _{k}}{\gamma _{k}} \leqslant \tilde{\gamma } &lt;1.$ On the contrary, we are not aware of any convergence result for the case ${\sup _{k}}{\gamma _{k}} = 1.$ In this paper, we consider six different choices of inertial parameters satisfying this last condition, and show convergence of the corresponding IFB algorithms under the local error bound condition. Finally, we propose a class of inertial forward–backward algorithm with an adaptive modification (IFB_AdapM) and show that it enjoys the same convergence results.
Neglected tropical diseases in Republic of Guinea: disease endemicity, case burden and the road towards the 2030 target
Authors: Cherif Mahamoud Sama , Keita Mory , Dahal Prabin , Guilavogui Timothé , Beavogui Abdoul Habib , Diassy Lamine , Conde Mohamed , Touré Abdoulaye , Delamou Alexandre 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) predominantly affect vulnerable and marginalized populations in tropical and subtropical areas and globally affect more than one billion people. In Guinea, the burden of NTDs is estimated to be &gt;7.5 disability-adjusted life years per million inhabitants. Currently the Guinea NTDs master plan (2017–2020) has identified eight diseases as public health problems: onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis, trachoma, schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis, leprosy, human African trypanosomiasis and Buruli ulcer. In this review we discuss the past and the current case burden of the priority NTDs in Guinea, highlight the major milestones and discuss current and future areas of focus for achieving the 2030 target outlined by the World Health Organization.
Determination of Gemcitabine and Sorafenib in Spiked Human Plasma Using Multivariate Model Update Chemometric Methods
Authors: Sharkawi Marco M Z , Mohamed Norhan R , El-Saadi Mohammed T , Amin Noha H 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Gemcitabine (GEM), a pyrimidine nucleoside, has been used as a first-line treatment in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Sorafenib (SOR), a nonselective multi-kinase inhibitor, is used as a chemotherapeutic agent in different types of cancers including NSCLC in preclinical studies. Co-administration of GEM and SOR was found to be effective and well-tolerated in the treatment of NSCLC.

Objective
The aim of the present work is to determine the studied drugs in spiked human plasma simultaneously through resolving the overlapping spectra and removing the interference of the plasma matrix.

Method
Two updated chemometric models were developed using UV absorbance of the drugs, which named principal component regression (PCR) and partial least-squares (PLS) for determination of GEM and SOR in the ranges of 5–25 and 2–22 µg/mL, respectively.

Results
Validation of the two updated models has been achieved in accordance with US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines, and the results were satisfactory. The two methods had the advantages of high predictive ability of the studied drugs with high precision and accuracy. Moreover, there was no significant difference obtained when statistical comparison was done between the developed and reported methods, showing good validity of the suggested methods.

Conclusions
The two updated models have the advantages of being rapid, accurate, sensitive, and cost-effective for the determination of GEM and SOR in quality control laboratories without any need for initial separation procedures.

Highlights
Two updated chemometric methods, PCR and PLS, were developed for the estimation of GEM and SOR in spiked human plasma using their UV absorbance data.
Activating Citizenship through NGO-Led Litigation: Shaping the Neoliberal State to Eradicate Manual Scavenging in India
Authors: Kahle Alena , Hammerslev Ole 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Sanitation work in India is largely carried out by the historically marginalized Dalits, formerly known as untouchables, without proper devices or safety gear, as so-called ‘manual scavenging’. To counter manual scavenging, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have turned to courts and litigation as a form of resistance. This brought about some successes: manual scavenging was repeatedly outlawed, and several high-profile court cases have ordered local governments to take very explicit steps to eradicate it. However, manual scavenging persists rampantly, leading several authors to argue that litigation has failed in its purpose. We critically evaluate this claim by examining the underlying root question: what purpose do NGOs ascribe to litigation in their efforts to eradicate manual scavenging in the first place? Our analysis is based on a multi-method, qualitative research approach combining analysis of documents of, and interviews with, a total of 23 NGOs. Using the lens of active citizenship, we conclude that NGOs seek to shift responsibility to the government, of which it has absolved itself under neoliberalism, remind the government of its duty to serve its citizens, and overall participate politically. Specific features of courts, such as mandamus and a mediation-oriented approach, were mentioned as uniquely enabling petitioners to exercise active citizenship and force government officials to at least consider manual scavengers’ interests.
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare Immunogenicity to Cell-Based Versus Live-Attenuated Influenza Vaccines in Children
Authors: Williams Katherine V , Li Zhu-Nan , Zhai Bo , Alcorn John F , Nowalk Mary Patricia , Levine Min Z , Kim Sara S , Flannery Brendan , Moehling Geffel Krissy , Merranko Amanda Jaber , Collins Mark , Susick Michael , Clarke Karen S , Zimmerman Richard K , Martin Judith M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Few studies have focused on the immune response to more recent influenza vaccine formulations such as cell-cultured inactivated influenza vaccine (ccIIV4) or live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV4) in older children and young adults, or differences in immunoglobulin response using newer antibody landscape technology.

Methods
Participants ages 4–21 were randomized to receive ccIIV4 (n = 112) or LAIV4 (n = 118). A novel high-throughput multiplex influenza antibody detection assay was used to provide detailed IgG, IgA, and IgM antibody isotypes, along with hemagglutination inhibition levels (HAI), measured pre- and 28 days post-vaccination.

Results
The HAI and immunoglobulin isotype response to ccIIV4 was greater than LAIV4, with significant increases in IgG but not IgA or IgM. The youngest participants had the highest LAIV4 response. Prior LAIV4 vaccination was associated with a higher response to current season ccIIV4. Cross-reactive A/Delaware/55/2019(H1N1)pdm09 antibodies were present pre-vaccination and increased in response to ccIIV4, but not LAIV4. Immunoglobulin assays strongly correlated with and confirmed the findings of HAI titers to measure immune response.

Conclusions
Age and prior season vaccination may play a role in the immune response in children and young adults to ccIIV4 and LAIV4. While immunoglobulin isotypes provide high-level antigen-specific information, HAI titers alone can provide a meaningful representation of day 28 post-vaccination response.

Clinical Trials No
NCT03982069
Is there a Day of the Week Effect on Panel Response Rate to an Online Questionnaire Email Invitation?
Authors: Howard Chloe , Greaves Lara M , Osborne Danny , Sibley Chris G 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Does the day of the week an email is sent inviting existing participants to complete a follow-up questionnaire for an annual online survey impact response rate? We answer this question using a preregistered experiment conducted as part of an ongoing national probability panel study in New Zealand. Across 14 consecutive days, existing participants in a panel study were randomly allocated a day of the week to receive an email inviting them to complete the next wave of the questionnaire online (N = 26,126). Valid responses included questionnaires completed within 31 days of receiving the initial invitation. Results revealed that the day the invitation was sent did not affect the likelihood of responding. These results are reassuring for researchers conducting ongoing panel studies and suggest that, once participants have joined a panel, the day of the week they are contacted does not impact their likelihood of responding to subsequent waves.
Pediatric Swine Model of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy, Disseminated Microvascular Thrombosis, and Organ Injuries
Authors: Nguyen Trung C. , Marini Juan C. , Guillory Bobby , Valladolid-Brown Christian , Martinez-Vargas Marina , Subramanyam Deepika , Cohen Daniel , Cirlos Sonya C. , Lam Fong , Stoll Barbara , Didelija Inka C. , Vonderohe Caitlin , Orellana Renan , Saini Arun , Pradhan Subhashree , Bashir Dalia , Desai Moreshwar S. , Flores Saul , Virk Manpreet , Tcharmtchi Hossein , Navaei Amir , Kaplan Sheldon , Lamberth Linda , Hulten Kristina G. , Scull Brooks P. , Allen Carl E. , Akcan-Arikan Ayse , Vijayan K. Vinod , Cruz Miguel A. 
Published: May 2023

CONTEXT:
Sepsis-induced coagulopathy leading to disseminated microvascular thrombosis is associated with high mortality and has no existing therapy. Despite the high prevalence of Gram-positive bacterial sepsis, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), there is a paucity of published Gram-positive pediatric sepsis models. Large animal models replicating sepsis-induced coagulopathy are needed to test new therapeutics before human clinical trials.

HYPOTHESIS:
Our objective is to develop a pediatric sepsis-induced coagulopathy swine model that last 70 hours.

METHODS AND MODELS:
Ten 3 weeks old piglets, implanted with telemetry devices for continuous hemodynamic monitoring, were IV injected with MRSA (n = 6) (USA300, Texas Children’s Hospital 1516 strain) at 1 × 109 colony forming units/kg or saline (n = 4). Fluid resuscitation was given for heart rate greater than 50% or mean arterial blood pressure less than 30% from baseline. Acetaminophen and dextrose were provided as indicated. Point-of-care complete blood count, prothrombin time (PT), activated thromboplastin time, d-dimer, fibrinogen, and specialized coagulation assays were performed at pre- and post-injection, at 0, 24, 48, 60, and 70 hours. Piglets were euthanized and necropsies performed.

RESULTS:
Compared with the saline treated piglets (control), the septic piglets within 24 hours had significantly lower neurologic and respiratory scores. Over time, PT, d-dimer, and fibrinogen increased, while platelet counts and activities of factors V, VII, protein C, antithrombin, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin-1 motifs (13th member of the family) (ADAMTS-13) decreased significantly in septic piglets compared with control. Histopathologic examination showed minor focal organ injuries including microvascular thrombi and necrosis in the kidney and liver of septic piglets.

INTERPRETATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS:
We established a 70-hour swine model of MRSA sepsis-induced coagulopathy with signs of consumptive coagulopathy, disseminated microvascular thrombosis, and early organ injuries with histological minor focal organ injuries. This model is clinically relevant to pediatric sepsis and can be used to study dysregulated host immune response and coagulopathy to infection, identify potential early biomarkers, and to test new therapeutics.
Practical Issues in a Culturally Tailored Technology-Based Intervention for Asian American Colorectal Cancer Survivors
Authors: Im Eun-Ok , Kim Seo Yun , Ujiie Miho , Wang Shitao , Chee Wonshik 
Published: May 2023

Background
Despite an increasing number of culturally tailored technology-based interventions for racial/ethnic minorities, little is known about practical issues in conducting a culturally tailored technology-based intervention study among racial/ethnic minority groups, especially among Asian American colorectal cancer survivors.

Objective
The aim of this study was to describe the practical issues in conducting a study using a culturally tailored technology-based intervention among Asian American colorectal cancer survivors.

Methods
In a technology-based colorectal cancer intervention study, research team members wrote memos on issues in conducting a culturally tailored technology-based intervention study among the specific population and plausible reasons for the issues. Then, a content analysis was used to analyze the research diaries and written records of the research team.

Results
The practical issues found in the research process included (a) unauthentic cases, (b) a low response rate, (c) high dropout rates, (d) technological literacy, (e) language issues, (f) cultural tailoring issues, and (g) time and geographical limitations.

Conclusions
These practical issues need to be considered in planning and implementing culturally tailored technology-based interventions among Asian American colorectal cancer survivors.

Implications for Practice
Multiple implications such as detailed information sheets, flexibility in languages, open attitudes toward cultural differences and variances, and continuous training of interventionists are proposed for culturally tailored technology-based interventions among this specific population.
Monitoring Patient-Reported Outcomes in Self-management of Postsurgical Symptoms in Oncology
Authors: Almeida Ana M. , Lima Lígia , Martins Teresa 
Published: May 2023

Background
Surgery is used widely for cancer treatment, and in most types, after discharge, patients usually report multiple symptoms, which, if not controlled, can put postoperative recovery at risk. Understanding which patient-reported outcomes (PROs) should be monitored could have a significant impact on reducing the symptom burden associated with cancer and its treatment by playing a pivotal role in developing symptom self-management plans and designing tailored approaches to optimize patients’ symptom self-management behaviors.

Objective
To map the PROs used for patients’ postsurgical symptom self-management after hospital discharge following cancer surgery.

Interventions/Methods
Our scoping review process was guided by the steps for conducting scoping reviews recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute.

Results
The search identified 97 potentially relevant studies, with 27 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. The most frequently assessed and monitored PROs were problems with surgical wounds, more general physical symptoms, psychological functioning outcomes, and quality of life.

Conclusions
Our results showed an overall uniformity among the PROs selected to be monitored in surgical cancer patients after hospital discharge. Monitoring through electronic platforms is widely used and seems useful to self-manage symptoms and optimize the recovery of cancer patients after discharge following surgery.

Implications for Practice
This study provides knowledge about PROs that can be applied in oncologic patients after surgery to self-report their symptoms following discharge.