bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ends Against the Middle: Measuring Latent Traits when Opposites Respond the Same Way for Antithetical Reasons
Authors: Duck-Mayr JBrandon , Montgomery Jacob 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStandard methods for measuring latent traits from categorical data assume that response functions are monotonic. This assumption is violated when individuals from both extremes respond identically, but for conflicting reasons. Two survey respondents may “disagree” with a statement for opposing motivations, liberal and conservative justices may dissent from the same Supreme Court decision but provide ideologically contradictory rationales, and in legislative settings, ideological opposites may join together to oppose moderate legislation in pursuit of antithetical goals. In this article, we introduce a scaling model that accommodates ends against the middle responses and provide a novel estimation approach that improves upon existing routines. We apply this method to survey data, voting data from the U.S. Supreme Court, and the 116th Congress, and show that it outperforms standard methods in terms of both congruence with qualitative insights and model fit. This suggests that our proposed method may offer improved one-dimensional estimates of latent traits in many important settings.
The 2021 Josephine Waters Bennett Lecture: On Protean Acting: Race and Virtuosity
Authors: Thompson Ayanna 
Published: January 2023

In November 2020, Manohla Dargis and A. O. Scott, the New York Times film critics, published an article entitled “The Century's Greatest Actors,” in which they proclaimed, “We are in a golden age of acting—make that platinum.” Celebrating the fact that their list of the top twenty-five actors from the last twenty years “looked beyond Hollywood,” Dargis and Scott declared that while there are Oscar winners on their list, “there are also character actors and chameleons.” One of the “radical shape-shifting” actors on the list is Tilda Swinton, whom Dargis characterized in the following fashion:
The woman of a thousand otherworldly faces, Tilda Swinton has created enough personas—with untold wigs, costumes and accents—to have become a roster of one. She's a star, a character actor, a performance artist, an extraterrestrial, a trickster. Her pale, sharply planed face is an ideal canvas for paint and prosthetics, and capable of unnerving stillness.
I am interested in the way that Swinton's “pale, sharply planed face” is praised for being so malleable: as Dargis says, “an ideal canvas for paint and prosthetics.” Swinton's paleness—her whiteness—is appended to her ability to be a “trickster,” to sustain paints and prosthetics, and to radically shape-shift. Swinton's acting craft is rendered visible to Dargis, because her “canvas” is “pale.”
Soybean response under climatic scenarios with changed mean and variability under rainfed and irrigated conditions in major soybean-growing states of the USA
Authors: Timilsina A. P. , Baigorria G. A. , Wilhite D. , Shulski M. , Heeren D. , Romero C. , Fensterseifer C. A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractClimate change has an impact on soybean production in the USA, necessitating thorough impact studies across broad geographic areas and extended periods to develop appropriate coping strategies. This study investigates the simulated response of soybean in ten major soybean-growing states of the USA under Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 based on multiple global climate models, two representative concentration pathways [RCP8.5 and RCP4.5] under rainfed and irrigated conditions for 2013–2039, 2043–2069, 2063–2099. The future climate series was developed using Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project protocol by applying mean and variability, and CROPGRO-soybean model was explored for soybean simulation under 400 ppm CO2level and a set of management. Under future climate, intense changes in temperature, precipitation amount and variability are anticipated under RCP8.5 than RCP4.5. As a result, a shorter life cycle, more evapotranspiration, lower grain production, higher water consumption and water productivity were expected under RCP8.5 than RCP4.5 scenarios. A higher reduction in grain yield and water productivity is expected under rainfed than irrigated conditions and intensity increases with advancement towards end of the century. Irrigation tends to decrease adverse climate change effects; however, the marginal economy for irrigation water must be assessed. Since the northern states under study are likely to experience increased grain yields or lower negative impacts, these areas could be the major production zones for soybean production in the future if only climate change is taken into account. Before reaching a convincing conclusion, different adaptation strategies must be thoroughly investigated.
A century of theJournal of Helminthology
Authors: Morley N.J. , Lewis J.W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTheJournal of Helminthology(JHL) was first published in 1923 and was originally created as a house journal of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. TheJHLwas devised by its first Editor, Robert Leiper, to allow for rapid publication of results from the Department of Helminthology and its offshoot the Institute of Agricultural Parasitology. From this initial narrow focus theJHLhas subsequently become not only internationally recognized but also retained its original emphasis on morphological, taxonomic and life cycle studies while embracing the emergence of new fields and technological advancements. The present review covers the historical development of theJHLover the last century from 1923 to 2023.
Intonation of Greek in contact with Turkish: a diachronic study
Authors: Baltazani Mary , Przedlacka Joanna , Ünal-Logačev Özlem , Logačev Pavel , Coleman John 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAsia Minor Greek (AMG) speakers cohabited with Turkish speakers for eight hundred years until the 1923 Lausanne Convention, which forced a two-way mass population exchange between Turkey and Greece and severed their everyday contact. We compare the intonation of the continuation rise tune in the speech of first-generation AMG speakers born in Turkey with three subsequent generations born in Greece. We examine how long contact effects in intonation persist after contact has ceased, through comparison of the f0 patterns in four generations of AMG speakers with those of their Athenian Greek- and Turkish-speaking contemporaries. The speech of the first-generation of AMG speakers exhibits two patterns in the f0 curve shape and time alignment of the continuation rises, one Athenian-like and one Turkish-like. Over subsequent generations use of the latter diminishes, while the Athenian pattern becomes more frequent, indicating intergenerational change.
The optimal distribution of insured and uninsured deposits across banks
Authors: Voellmy Lukas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractI study a model of self-fulfilling bank runs where government-provided deposit insurance covers small (retail) deposits but not large (wholesale) deposits. The share of the banking system that may be affected by runs depends on the distribution of retail and wholesale deposits across banks. The magnitude of runs is minimized if banks with both retail and wholesale depositors (reminiscent of commercial banks) coexist with banks that cater only to wholesale depositors (reminiscent of shadow banks). The shadow banking sector should be large enough to absorb enough wholesale deposits from commercial banks to keep them shielded from runs. In a decentralized equilibrium, the magnitude of runs tends to be larger than optimal as a result of wholesale depositors’ incentive to invest in the banks with the highest share of retail depositors.
Understanding the History of Two Complex Ice Crystal Habits Deduced From a Holographic Imager
Authors: Pasquier J. T. , Henneberger J. , Korolev A. , Ramelli F. , Wieder J. , Lauber A. , Li G. , David R. O. , Carlsen T. , Gierens R. , Maturilli M. , Lohmann U. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe sizes and shapes of ice crystals influence the radiative properties of clouds, as well as precipitation initiation and aerosol scavenging. However, ice crystal growth mechanisms remain only partially characterized. We present the growth processes of two complex ice crystal habits observed in Arctic mixed‐phase clouds during the Ny‐Ålesund AeroSol Cloud ExperimeNT campaign. First, are capped‐columns with multiple columns growing out of the plates' corners that we define as columns on capped‐columns. These ice crystals originated from cycling through the columnar and plate temperature growth regimes, during their vertical transport by in‐cloud circulation. Second, is aged rime on the surface of ice crystals having grown into faceted columns or plates depending on the environmental conditions. Despite their complexity, the shapes of these ice crystals allow to infer their growth history and provide information about the in‐cloud conditions. Additionally, these ice crystals exhibit complex shapes and could enhance aggregation and secondary ice production.
Detection of Air Temperature and Wind Changes Synchronized With the Lamb Wave From the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption
Authors: Watada Shingo , Imanishi Yuichi , Tanaka Kenji 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe explosive 2022 Tonga submarine volcanic eruption produced a globally propagated atmospheric disturbance. A leading Lamb wave pulse was recorded as a pressure pulse worldwide. A weather‐station network in Japan recorded the pressure pulse together with temperature and wind conditions during the passage of the pulse. Individual temperature and wind records indicate little simultaneous change. However, after alignment of records at the time of pressure pulse arrivals and stacking, clear temperature and wind changes synchronized with the pressure change are evident. Assuming Lamb wave propagation, the synthesized temperature and wind changes from the pressure record show a good match with the observed waveforms. The observed wind speed and pressure change of the Lamb pulse yielded a total energy transported by the pulse of 4.2 × 1016 J.
Energy Sinks for Lee Waves in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Yang Zhinbin , Jing Zhao , Zhai Xiaoming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecent observations report a discrepancy between observed energy dissipation rates and lee wave pressure flux predicted by linear theory in the Southern Ocean, raising the possibility that wave energy re‐absorption by mean flows may be an important route to wave energy sink. Here we investigate the sink of lee waves in the northern South China Sea in a high‐resolution nested model initialized with a synthetically‐generated rough topography. Our results indicate that wave dissipation is the dominant sink of lee wave energy, with wave energy re‐absorption being of secondary importance. The dominant direction of energy transfer is from mean flows to lee waves through vertical shear and horizontal strain of mean flows. A series of idealized experiments suggest that the weak wave energy re‐absorption in the northern South China Sea is primarily due to the large Froude number there.
The Response of Ocean Skin Temperature to Rain: Observations and Implications for Parameterization of Rain‐Induced Fluxes
Authors: Witte Carson R. , Zappa Christopher J. , Edson James B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRainfall alters the physical and chemical properties of the surface ocean, and its effect on ocean skin temperature and surface heat fluxes is poorly represented in many air‐sea interaction models. We present radiometric observations of ocean skin temperature, near‐surface (5 cm) temperature from a towed thermistor, and bulk atmospheric and oceanic variables, for 69 rain events observed over the course of 4 months in the Indian Ocean as part of the DYNAMO project. We test a state‐of‐the‐art prognostic model developed by Bellenger et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012429) to predict ocean skin temperature in the presence of rain, and demonstrate a physically motivated modification to the model that improves its performance with increasing rain rate. We characterize the vertical skin‐bulk temperature gradient induced by rain and find that it levels off at high rain rates, suggestive of a transition in skin‐layer physics that has been previously hypothesized in the literature. We also quantify the small bias that will be present in turbulent sensible heat fluxes parameterized from ocean temperature measurements made at typical “bulk” depths during a rain event. Finally, a wind threshold is observed above which the surface ocean remains well‐mixed during a rain event; however, the skin temperature is observed to decrease at all wind speeds in the presence of rain.
A Multivariate Additive Inflation Approach to Improve Storm‐Scale Ensemble‐Based Data Assimilation and Forecasts: Methodology and Experiment With a Tornadic Supercell
Authors: Wang Yongming , Wang Xuguang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEnsemble‐based convective‐scale radar data assimilation commonly suffers from an underdispersive background ensemble. This study introduces a multivariate additive‐inflation method to address such deficiency. The multivariate additive inflation (AI) approach generates coherent random perturbations drawn from a newly constructed convective‐scale static background error covariance matrix for all state variables including hydrometeors and vertical velocity. This method is compared with a previously proposed univariate AI approach, which perturbs each variable individually without cross‐variable coherency. Comparisons are performed on the analyses and forecasts of the 8 May 2003 Oklahoma City tornadic supercell. Within assimilation cycles, the multivariate approach is more efficient in increasing reflectivity spread and thus has a reduced spinup time than the univariate approach; the additional inclusion of hydrometeors and vertical velocity results in more background spread for both reflectivity and radial velocity. Significant differences among AI experiments also exist in the subsequent forecasts and are more pronounced for the forecasts initialized from the earlier assimilation cycles. The multivariate approach yields better forecasts of low‐level rotation, reflectivity distributions, and storm maintenance for most lead times. The additional inclusion of hydrometeor and vertical velocity in the multivariate method is beneficial in forecasts. Conversely, the additional inclusion of hydrometeor and vertical velocity in the univariate method poses negative impacts for the majority of forecast lead times.
Fault Zone Hydraulic Parameter Estimation by Passive Methods Using Natural Forces
Authors: He Guanru , Shi Zheming , Rasmussen Todd C. , Qi Zhiyu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHydrogeological conditions within fracture zones control subsurface fluid, solute, and heat flux and storage. While conventional groundwater methods using induced disturbances often require elaborate and expensive equipment, passive methods that use observed responses of groundwater levels to atmospheric pressure and Earth tides provide the opportunity to estimate hydrogeologic properties without having to conduct field testing. We present estimates of hydraulic properties of a fault‐damage zone embedded within crystalline rock using responses to natural perturbations, and then compare these to estimates obtained using conventional methods. We calculate the skin factor using the exhaustive algorithm to improve the consistency between the tidal and conventional methods and compare it with different barometric‐response methods in the frequency and time domains. For the tidal method, the hydraulic conductivity is 16% larger than the estimate obtained from a conventional aquifer test, the barometric‐response method in the frequency domain is 6% larger, and the inverse, Hvorslev's, CBP, and Valois's methods in the time domain are, respectively, 71%, 72%, and 97% smaller and 624% larger. Estimated fault‐damage zone properties yield a hydraulic diffusivity of D ≈ 3 m2 s−1 and a permeability of k ≈ 4 × 10−13 m2 (0.4 Darcy), which confirms the presence of a highly damaged zone. The combined tidal‐ and barometric‐response methods provide a new and robust approach for understanding and characterizing hydrogeological properties of fault‐damage zones.
Dispersion-less Kerr solitons in spectrally confined optical cavities
Authors: Xue Xiaoxiao , Grelu Philippe , Yang Bofan , Wang Mian , Li Shangyuan , Zheng Xiaoping , Zhou Bingkun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSolitons are self-reinforcing localized wave packets that manifest in the major areas of nonlinear science, from optics to biology and Bose–Einstein condensates. Recently, optically driven dissipative solitons have attracted great attention for the implementation of the chip-scale frequency combs that are decisive for communications, spectroscopy, neural computing, and quantum information processing. In the current understanding, the generation of temporal solitons involves the chromatic dispersion as a key enabling physical effect, acting either globally or locally on the cavity dynamics in a decisive way. Here, we report on a novel class of solitons, both theoretically and experimentally, which builds up in spectrally confined optical cavities when dispersion is practically absent, both globally and locally. Precisely, the interplay between the Kerr nonlinearity and spectral filtering results in an infinite hierarchy of eigenfunctions which, combined with optical gain, allow for the generation of stable dispersion-less dissipative solitons in a previously unexplored regime. When the filter order tends to infinity, we find an unexpected link between dissipative and conservative solitons, in the form of Nyquist-pulse-like solitons endowed with an ultra-flat spectrum. In contrast to the conventional dispersion-enabled nonlinear Schrödinger solitons, these dispersion-less Nyquist solitons build on a fully confined spectrum and their energy scaling is not constrained by the pulse duration. Dispersion-less soliton molecules and their deterministic transitioning to single solitons are also evidenced. These findings broaden the fundamental scope of the dissipative soliton paradigm and open new avenues for generating soliton pulses and frequency combs endowed with unprecedented temporal and spectral features.
Neural stem cell transplantation in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis: an open-label, phase 1 study
Authors: Genchi Angela , Brambilla Elena , Sangalli Francesca , Radaelli Marta , Bacigaluppi Marco , Furlan Roberto , Andolfo Annapaola , Drago Denise , Magagnotti Cinzia , Scotti Giulia Maria , Greco Raffaella , Vezzulli Paolo , Ottoboni Linda , Bonopane Marco , Capilupo Daniela , Ruffini Francesca , Belotti Daniela , Cabiati Benedetta , Cesana Stefania , Matera Giada , Leocani Letizia , Martinelli Vittorio , Moiola Lucia , Vago Luca , Panina-Bordignon Paola , Falini Andrea , Ciceri Fabio , Uglietti Anna , Sormani Maria Pia , Comi Giancarlo , Battaglia Mario Alberto , Rocca Maria A. , Storelli Loredana , Pagani Elisabetta , Gaipa Giuseppe , Martino Gianvito 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInnovative pro-regenerative treatment strategies for progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS), combining neuroprotection and immunomodulation, represent an unmet need. Neural precursor cells (NPCs) transplanted in animal models of multiple sclerosis have shown preclinical efficacy by promoting neuroprotection and remyelination by releasing molecules sustaining trophic support and neural plasticity. Here we present the results of STEMS, a prospective, therapeutic exploratory, non-randomized, open-label, single-dose-finding phase 1 clinical trial (NCT03269071, EudraCT 2016-002020-86), performed at San Raffaele Hospital in Milan, Italy, evaluating the feasibility, safety and tolerability of intrathecally transplanted human fetal NPCs (hfNPCs) in 12 patients with PMS (with evidence of disease progression, Expanded Disability Status Scale ≥6.5, age 18–55 years, disease duration 2–20 years, without any alternative approved therapy). The safety primary outcome was reached, with no severe adverse reactions related tohfNPCs at 2-year follow-up, clearly demonstrating thathfNPC therapy in PMS is feasible, safe and tolerable. Exploratory secondary analyses showed a lower rate of brain atrophy in patients receiving the highest dosage ofhfNPCs and increased cerebrospinal fluid levels of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective molecules. Although preliminary, these results support the rationale and value of future clinical studies with the highest dose ofhfNPCs in a larger cohort of patients.
Autologous T cell therapy for MAGE-A4+ solid cancers in HLA-A*02+ patients: a phase 1 trial
Authors: Hong David S. , Van Tine Brian A. , Biswas Swethajit , McAlpine Cheryl , Johnson Melissa L. , Olszanski Anthony J. , Clarke Jeffrey M. , Araujo Dejka , Blumenschein George R. , Kebriaei Partow , Lin Quan , Tipping Alex J. , Sanderson Joseph P. , Wang Ruoxi , Trivedi Trupti , Annareddy Thejo , Bai Jane , Rafail Stavros , Sun Amy , Fernandes Lilliam , Navenot Jean-Marc , Bushman Frederic D. , Everett John K. , Karadeniz Derin , Broad Robyn , Isabelle Martin , Naidoo Revashnee , Bath Natalie , Betts Gareth , Wolchinsky Zohar , Batrakou Dzmitry G. , Van Winkle Erin , Elefant Erica , Ghobadi Armin , Cashen Amanda , Grand’Maison Anne , McCarthy Philip , Fracasso Paula M. , Norry Elliot , Williams Dennis , Druta Mihaela , Liebner David A. , Odunsi Kunle , Butler Marcus O. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAffinity-optimized T cell receptors can enhance the potency of adoptive T cell therapy. Afamitresgene autoleucel (afami-cel) is a human leukocyte antigen-restricted autologous T cell therapy targeting melanoma-associated antigen A4 (MAGE-A4), a cancer/testis antigen expressed at varying levels in multiple solid tumors. We conducted a multicenter, dose-escalation, phase 1 trial in patients with relapsed/refractory metastatic solid tumors expressing MAGE-A4, including synovial sarcoma (SS), ovarian cancer and head and neck cancer (NCT03132922). The primary endpoint was safety, and the secondary efficacy endpoints included overall response rate (ORR) and duration of response. All patients (N = 38, nine tumor types) experienced Grade ≥3 hematologic toxicities; 55% of patients (90% Grade ≤2) experienced cytokine release syndrome. ORR (all partial response) was 24% (9/38), 7/16 (44%) for SS and 2/22 (9%) for all other cancers. Median duration of response was 25.6 weeks (95% confidence interval (CI): 12.286, not reached) and 28.1 weeks (95% CI: 12.286, not reached) overall and for SS, respectively. Exploratory analyses showed that afami-cel infiltrates tumors, has an interferon-γ-driven mechanism of action and triggers adaptive immune responses. In addition, afami-cel has an acceptable benefit–risk profile, with early and durable responses, especially in patients with metastatic SS. Although the small trial size limits conclusions that can be drawn, the results warrant further testing in larger studies.