bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Our Contribution to Microwave-Assisted Conversions of Bioactive
Compounds
Authors: Das Biswanath , Reddy Nayaki Salva , Rathod Aravind Kumar , Avula Satya Kumar , Das Ratna 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:
The microwave chemistry of several bioactive natural products and synthetic compounds was studied by us. The compounds of different types, such as alkaloid, terpenoid, lignan, etc. were considered for our investigation. Some indole compounds, as well as organosulfur and miscellane-ous carbonyl compounds, were also included. The substrates were irradiated under microwave irra-diation for a short time and the resulting products were characterized. The conversion was conduct-ed without using any solvent. The catalysts were not required in many transformations, but in some cases, catalysts, mainly heterogeneous catalysts were needed. The experimental procedures were convenient, less expensive, and generally eco-friendly. The interesting results of our efforts are briefly discussed in the present article.
Analisis Nilai Karakter Gotong Royong pada Film Animasi A Bug’s Life
Authors: Rima Pramesti Sagita , Muhamad Taufik Hidayat  
Published: June 2023

Education is a service that must be taken and accepted by every human being. The main objective of instilling primary education in children is to develop children's intelligence, personality, character and personality to produce children with noble characters. This study aimed to analyze the value of the cooperation character depicted in the animated film A Bug's Life. The method used in this study was descriptive qualitative with analysis content. The data was obtained from the animated film A Bug's Life. This study employed a documentation technique. Data analysis was done by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The assessment technique to check the validity of the data was a credibility test with techniques of extending observations and increasing perseverance. The findings showed that the animated film A Bug's Life has seven sub-values of cooperation characters. They are (1) Cooperation with the type of activities of collecting food together, creating and flying artificial birds; (2) Helping with the type of activities of helping friends who experience a disaster, such as getting lost, falling, and saving baby ants from the blaze; (3) Empathy with activities of empathizing with friends who are crushed by leaf stems, falling, and tumbling over; (4) Positive dependence on activities of assisting friends who need help; (5) Concern with social care activities with the attitude of caring about the life of the lives of creatures around them and caring for the damaged environment; (6) Solidarity with the activity of assisting friends who are facing problems; (7) Deliberation with an activity of finding a way out to fight the evil grasshopper mob
Pengembangan Media 3D Berbasis Augmented Reality Menggunakan PBL Materi Penggolongan Hewan untuk Meningkatkan Self Esteem Siswa Kelas V SD
Authors: Kristina  , Fatih Mohamad , Alfi Cindya 
Published: June 2023

Many media can be used as innovations in learning, and these media can be physical or technological-based. One of the technological-based media is augmented reality-based media. This research aims to determine the process of making 3D media based on augmented reality animal classification material, knowing the validity and feasibility of the media, and find out whether the development of PBL-based augmented reality media animal classification material can increase the self-esteem of grade V students of SD Islam Hasanul Amin, Blitar Regency. The method used in this study is Research and Development (R&D) with research stages of ADDIE model development. The field trial design used is Pre-questionnaire and Post-questionnaire Control Group Design using experimental and control classes. The results of this study obtained the validity and feasibility of 3D media based on augmented reality animal classification material obtained a total value of 88.49%, so this media is very valid / very feasible for use in learning. In addition, it was found that Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, which means that there are differences in students' self-esteem results by using learning using augmented reality-based media and applying the PBL model, where the self-esteem of students who use augmented reality-based media by applying the PBL learning model is better than students who use conventional learning
Common and Distinct Genetic Architecture of Age at Diagnosis of Diabetes in South Indian and European Populations
Authors: Srinivasan Sundararajan , Liju Samuel , Sathish Natarajan , Siddiqui Moneeza K. , Anjana Ranjit Mohan , Pearson Ewan R. , Doney Alexander S.F. , Mohan Viswanathan , Radha Venkatesan , Palmer Colin N.A. 
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE
South Asians are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D) more than a decade earlier in life than seen in European populations. We hypothesized that studying the genomics of age of diagnosis in these populations may give insight into the earlier age diagnosis of T2D among individuals of South Asian descent.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of age at diagnosis of T2D in 34,001 individuals from four independent cohorts of European and South Asian Indians.

RESULTS
We identified two signals near the TCF7L2 and CDKAL1 genes associated with age at the onset of T2D. The strongest genome-wide significant variants at chromosome 10q25.3 in TCF7L2 (rs7903146; P = 2.4 × 10−12, β = −0.436; SE 0.02) and chromosome 6p22.3 in CDKAL1 (rs9368219; P = 2.29 × 10−8; β = −0.053; SE 0.01) were directionally consistent across ethnic groups and present at similar frequencies; however, both loci harbored additional independent signals that were only present in the South Indian cohorts. A genome-wide signal was also obtained at chromosome 10q26.12 in WDR11 (rs3011366; P = 3.255 × 10−8; β = 1.44; SE 0.25), specifically in the South Indian cohorts. Heritability estimates for the age at diagnosis were much stronger in South Indians than Europeans, and a polygenic risk score constructed based on South Indian GWAS explained ∼2% trait variance.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings provide a better understanding of ethnic differences in the age at diagnosis and indicate the potential importance of ethnic differences in the genetic architecture underpinning T2D.
The Gaps of Students' Writing Skills in Arabic Thesis Writing
Authors: Dinata Rahmat Satria , Dalimunthe Singgar Mantahari , Syafrimen Syafrimen , Balah Abdurrahman Assayyid Abdul Ghafar 
Published: June 2023

The relevance of the maharat al-Kitabah to an Arabic thesis writing is very significant. However, Arabic thesis writing which was also carried out by Arabic Education Study Program students created new problems, especially in aspects related to Arabic writing skills. This article aimed to reveal the gap that occurs between the ideal conditions and current conditions of students' Arabic writing skills. By using a convergent parallel mixed method design from Creswell, qualitative data was collected through FGD with 19 Arabic students at State Islamic University of Imam Bonjol who completed their studies with an Arabic thesis with 10 semesters study period or more and compared them with the quantitative data from questionnaires were distributed to 50 respondents. The gap between the ideal and the current condition of the mufrodat aspect was 98 (51%). The gap in the tarjamah aspect between ideal and current conditions was 113 (60.7%). The gap in aspects of Nahwu rules between ideal and present conditions was 78 (41.5%). The gap in aspects of Sharf between the ideal and the current condition is 102 (54.3%). Of all the aspects studied, the biggest gap were in the tarjamah aspect. The results of the learning process analysis showed that the process was still lacking in practical aspects. For this reason, it was recommended continuing research or focusing on improving translation skills, either by conducting Classroom Action Research or Experiments with new methods that could support students' Arabic translation skills.
A New Model of Kalam Material Through Cybernetic Approach: Development Stages and The Influence Towards Speaking Skill of Students
Authors: Imron Kristina , Irmansyah Irmansyah , Nurhusna Nurhusna , Maimunah Iffat , Hajib Zainal Abidin 
Published: June 2023

Speaking skill is considered the most difficult to learn. On the other hand, speaking subject is considered a failure in providing competence to students. This can be proven by the lack of student's ability to speak Arabic and the value of learning outcomes. This study aimed to develop cybernetic-based kalam materials that can be used by students at the junior high school level as innovations in the use of teaching materials and learning theory. This research used the RD method by adapting the six steps of Borg and Gall model development. Meanwhile, a small group trial was conducted on 24 students of an Islamic junior high school in Ogan Ilir, using by purposive random sampling technique. This research resulted in kalam material products using the Canva application. The validation of material experts is 84% and media experts get 90.76% so it can be concluded that the product developed is suitable for use with the revisions suggested by validators. Based on the comparison of pretest results showed an average of 48.33 and the post-test results were 78.33. Then continued with the nonparametric test, namely the Wilcoxon test. This test was chosen because the data is not distributed normally. Asimp Wilcoxon. Sage. (2-tailed) equals 0.000. Since the value of 0.000 is less than 0.05, it can be concluded that the "hypothesis is acceptable". The results of the effectiveness test showed the development of Cybernetic-based speaking materials in improving knowledge and skills in speaking languages.
Wpływ nawożenia mineralnego azotem na plon i jakość bulw bardzo wczesnych i wczesnych odmian ziemniaka uprawianych na wczesny zbiór
Authors: Trawczyński Cezary 
Published: June 2023

W latach 2017–2019 przeprowadzono na glebie lekkiej dwuczynnikowe doświadczenia zlokalizowane w IHAR-PIB, oddział Jadwisin. Celem badań było określenie nawożenia mineralnego azotem na wielkość plonu i wybrane cechy jakości bulw odmian ziemniaka uprawianych na wczesny zbiór oraz wymagań w stosunku do optymalnej dawki azotu. Wielkość plonu i jakość bulw oceniono po zbiorze, 75 dni od posadzenia ziemniaków. Jakość bulw oceniono na podstawie struktury (udziału w plonie bulw małych, średnich i dużych), wad zewnętrznych (udziału w plonie bulw zdeformowanych, zazieleniałych i porażonych parchem zwykłym), zawartości skrobi i azotanów (V) w bulwach. Na podstawie funkcji regresji określono wymagania odmian w stosunku do optymalnej dawki azotu. Czynnikami doświadczeń były: dawka azotu (50, 100, 150 kg·ha–1 i obiekt bez stosowania azotu) oraz odmiany (Bohun, Lady Rosetta, Lawenda, Madeleine, Magnolia – jadalne, wczesne, i Tonacja – jadalna bardzo wczesna). Zastosowanie dawki azotu 50 kg N·ha–1 przyczyniło się do istotnego wzrostu plonu i zawartości skrobi w bulwach. Pod wpływem dawek azotu w ilości 100 i 150 kg N·ha–1 uzyskano istotne zmniejszenie udziału w strukturze plonu bulw małych – o średnicy poniżej 30 mm, bulw średnich – o średnicy 31–60 mm, oraz zwiększenie bulw dużych – o średnicy powyżej 60 mm, i poziomu azotanów w bulwach. Badane odmiany wykazywały zróżnicowane wymagania w stosunku do optymalnej dawki azotu, od 72 do 95 kg N·ha–1. Najbardziej predysponowane do uprawy na wczesny zbiór były odmiany: Lawenda i Magnolia.
External validation of population pharmacokinetic models of gentamicin in paediatric population from preterm newborns to adolescents
Authors: Črček Mateja , Grabnar Iztok , Zdovc Jurij Aguiar , Grosek Štefan , Kos Mojca Kerec 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study was to externally validate the predictive performance of published population pharmacokinetic models of gentamicin in all paediatric age groups, from preterm newborns to adolescents. We first selected published population pharmacokinetic models of gentamicin developed in the paediatric population with a wide age range. The parameters of the literature models were then re-estimated using the PRIOR subroutine in NONMEM®. The predictive ability of the literature and the tweaked models was evaluated. Retrospectively collected data from a routine clinical practice (512 concentrations from 308 patients) were used for validation. The models with covariates characterising developmental changes in clearance and volume of distribution had better predictive performance, which improved further after re-estimation. The tweaked model by Wang 2019 performed best, with suitable accuracy and precision across the complete paediatric population. For patients treated in the intensive care unit, a lower proportion of patients would be expected to reach the target trough concentration at standard dosing. The selected model could be used for model-informed precision dosing in clinical settings where the entire paediatric population is treated. However, for use in clinical practice, the next step should include additional analysis of the impact of intensive care treatment on gentamicin pharmacokinetics, followed by prospective validation.
A 3.5-year follow-up of an unusual case of rampant caries during clear aligner treatment
Authors: Wang Gengru , Fang Dongdong , Yin Xinqin , Flores-Mir Carlos 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
If patients follow the clinician’s recommendations, clear aligner orthodontic appliances cover the teeth for 20 to 22 hr daily. If oral hygiene is inadequate, bacterial plaque will lay extensively between the tooth surface and the clear aligner and lead to an increased risk of white spot lesions (WSL) and dental caries. Information regarding enamel WSL or caries formation in patients treated with clear aligners has not been widely discussed. This report describes an unusual case of rampant caries and enamel demineralisation in an adolescent due to poor oral hygiene during clear aligner orthodontic treatment. All enamel surfaces were chalky white, fragile, and rough, while approximately 1/4 to 1/2 incisal enamel was lost on most teeth. Interestingly, the exposed dentine presented a mamelon-like shape even though enamel was lost from some lower incisors. This case report discusses different WSL/caries management methods using clear aligners and a 3.5-year follow-up of the patient.
The Place of Education in an Emancipatory Struggle of Man
Authors: Malík Branislav 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
In the paper, the author maps the ways leading to human freedom. He sets out the criteria that should be taken into account in their selection. He also delineates the space where education could productively enter into the human emancipation process.

Purpose:
The aim of the paper is to thematize competences that need to be developed in order to enable the adepts of education to participate in human emancipatory process.

Methods:
The author uses explanatory method to expose the issue.

Conclusions:
The paper summarizes the assumptions and limits that need to be respected in order to make education a space for the cultivation of human sense for freedom.
Online Educational Experiences in Some Majors of Eszterházy Károly University
Authors: Homoki Erika , Nyitrai Tímea Laura , Makó Zita Czapné 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
In Hungary, as in many parts of the world, a crisis situation has arisen with the start of the quarantine period associated with the coronavirus, which presented the education system with a serious challenge. Social inequality (also in terms of network access and device availability) was expected due to, that differences will only increase the gap in education. Digital connectivity and the digital environment became the main arena for students and faculty over the course of a weekend. That's a real question, of course, can we talk about real digital education during this period? Was online education effective or was it rather a blind spot?

Methods:
In our research, we examined it from the perspective of geography teachers, kindergarten teachers, and university students attending teaching courses learning and teaching „switching online” betweem March, 2020 and April, 2021 at the Eszterházy Károly Catholic University (then even EKE). Our sample consisted of 108 people. We used an online questionnaire study to assess students' experiences with the effectiveness of distance learning and the development of their digital competence, about the possibilities of implementing professional internships. We were looking for student answers to, how each segment of distance learning can be integrated into the normal education system. We compared our results with similar Hungarian and international research results.

Results:
Most students felt that online education was effective. The digital competence of students has evolved. Due to changed circumstances of traineeships, students could not gain enough experience, which could later affect their work.

Discussion:
The changes that have occurred can be highlighted as secondary benefits, this educational environment could be more sustainable in the future, than the traditional educational environment, however, the consequences of isolation cannot be ignored.

Limitations:
The research shows data valid only for Hungary.

Conclusions:
Consideration of the experience of students for the effectiveness of their education in the coming years.
Optimization of Characteristics for a Stochastic Agent-Based Model of Goods Exchange with the Use of Parallel Hybrid Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Akopov Andranik S. , Beklaryan Armen L. , Zhukova Aleksandra A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A novel approach to modeling stochastic processes of goods exchange between multiple agents is presented, considering the possibility of optimizing the environment's characteristics and individual decision-making strategies. The proposed model makes it possible to form optimal states when choosing the moments of concluding barter and monetary transactions at the individual level of each agent maximizing the utility function. A new parallel hybrid Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization (RCGA-PSO) has been developed, combining methods of evolutionary selection based on well-known heuristic operators with methods of swarm optimization and machine learning. The algorithm is characterized by the best time efficiency and accuracy in comparison with other methods. The software implementation of the developed algorithm and model has been performed using the FLAME GPU framework. The possibility of using the RCGA-PSO Algorithm to optimize the characteristics of the environment and strategies for making individual decisions by agents involved in barter and monetary interactions is demonstrated.
Defending Against Identity Threats Using Risk-Based Authentication
Authors: Dasu Lalitha Sravanti , Dhamija Mannav , Dishitha Gurram , Vivekanandan Ajith , Sarasvathi V. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Defending against identity-based threats, which have predominantly increased in the era of remote access and working, requires non-conventional, dynamic, intelligent, and strategic means of authenticating and authorizing. This paper aims at devising detailed risk-scoring algorithms for five real-time use cases to make identity security adaptive and risk-based. Zero-trust principles are incorporated by collecting sign-in logs and analyzing them continually to check for any anomalies, making it a dynamic approach. Users are categorized as risky and non-risky based on the calculated risk scores. While many adaptive security mechanisms have been proposed, they confine identities only to users. This paper also considers devices as having an identity and categorizes them as safe or unsafe devices. Further, results are displayed on a dashboard, making it easy for security administrators to analyze and make wise decisions like multifactor authentication, mitigation, or any other access control decisions as such.
Foreign Trade Between Ukraine and the EU
Authors: Belinska Yanina , Shevchuk Oleksandra 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The article examines the trends in the development of trade relations between Ukraine and the EU. The positive changes that have taken place in European-Ukrainian relations in recent years are outlined. The dynamics and structure of exports and imports of goods and services are analysed, and the trends that have occurred over the past five years are identified. The place of Ukraine in the structure of EU foreign trade is considered. It is revealed that the foreign trade turnover between Ukraine and the EU is affected by the war. The main problems that hinder Ukraine‘s integration into the EU trade system are summarised and recommendations for their solution are provided.
" Crises of political Development in Iraq and ways of treatment after 2003"
Authors: Murtadha Ahmed Khudhir  , BILAL MOHAMMED SABER  
Published: June 2023

Although there are elements for political development in Iraq ,The aggravation of the situation and the failure to implement foundations, which led to problems and obstacles to achieving political development.
There are ways to solve these obstacles, including: applying consensual democracy, abolishing the principle of quotas, expanding political participation, implementing transitional justice, eliminating corruption in all its forms, achieving national unity, activating the national reconciliation project, strengthening the role of civil society institutions, achieving national integration and reducing poverty, and eliminating justice on unemployment.
"Economic relations (Iraqi-Chinese) for ( 2014- 2021)"
Authors: Nisreen Ryad Shanshool  
Published: June 2023

Economic relations took their first signs before 2003,because the former Iraqi regime had embraced socialism as a principle of governance, and this was in line with the socialist camp at the time, and relations continued to develop, especially after the fall of the regime and the entry of Chinese oil companies to extract Iraqi oil. Fossil fuels .
These relations were wracked by some variables that had some effects and were on three levels: local, regional and international, which increased the competition for influence between China and the United States of America over areas rich in natural resources.
The problem stemmed from the idea of how the future of Iraqi-Chinese economic relations would be. The hypothesis was that there is a relationship and it can develop and grow according to the global economic changes that may occur or be required by global markets in Iraq or in China.
The research concluded with the conclusion that the future of Iraqi-Chinese economic relations will witness three scenarios, and the scenario of development and growth of Iraqi-Chinese economic relations will prevail over the rest of the scenarios.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, EFEKTIVITAS, DAN STRUKTUR MODAL TERHADAP KEKURANGAN KEUANGAN PADA SEKTOR INFRASTRUKTUR, UTILITAS, DAN TRANSPORTASI PADA PERIODE 2018—2020
Authors: Tinutomo Primaria , Sjarief Julianti 
Published: June 2023

This study aims to analyze the influences of Net Profit Margin, Total Asset Turnover, and Debt-to-Equity Ratio on Financial Distress in Infrastucture, utility and transportation sector in the period 2018 to 2020. The sample selection used the purposive sampling method with sample size of 101. The analytical method used in this study is the descriptive analysis method and multiple linear regression analysis, where the data is processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25 program. The results of this study are Net Profit Margin and Total Asset Turnover to have negative effects on Financial Distress while Debt-to-Equity Ratio has positive effects on Financial Distress.