bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Climate Variability and Global Sugar Cane Production: Empirical Consideration for Collective Policy Action
Authors: Headley Hepziba , Moonsammy Stephan , Davis Harold , Adams Ashley , Oyedotun Temitope , Warner Devin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The potential impacts of climate change and sugar cane production is well documented in the literature but majority of the studies have focused on models that look at national level impacts. This paper presents a global impact model on sugar cane production due to variations in temperature and rainfall with the intention to observe the collective challenges that sugar cane production is facing with across the world. The study conducted a trend analysis with time series data for sugar cane production, productivity per hectare of sugar cane lands, annual temperature and annual rainfall recorded for the top sugar cane exporters across the world. The study also developed a panel regression model to empirically establish the relationship between production levels and temperature and rainfall. The findings of the study showed that production levels are increasing in some countries while declining in others. Cyclical patterns of production was also observed that seem to vary with cyclical patterns of rainfall. The regression model showed a positive relationship between production and rainfall and a negative relationship between production and temperature. The main conclusion drawn is that as global temperatures continue to increase, then there will be a global decline in the sugarcane industry. This global model for sugar cane and climate change is geared towards showing the collective impacts of climate change experienced by different countries and to encourage from an empirical standpoint, more collective policy actions to protect the industry as a global market.
Constructing integrated thermal conductive and flame retardant filler network in ceramifiable epoxy composites
Authors: Kong Lingcheng , Zhao Dong , Wang Tingwei , Jiang Guodong , Jiang Genjie , Shen Yucai 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Simultaneously improving the thermal conductivity and flame resistance of epoxy composite is still a challenge. Herein, a novel epoxy composite with high thermal conductivity and greatly enhanced flame retardancy was developed through constructing integrated three-dimensional (3D) network based on boron nitride (BN), talc, ammonium polyphosphate (APP). The thermal conductivity of the composite with filler network reached 3.04 Wm− 1K− 1, which was 15.2 and 3.1 times of those of pure epoxy and sample with random filler distribution. The LOI value of the composite with filler network reached 37.8%, which was 1.9 and 1.4 times of those of pure epoxy and sample with random filler distribution, respectively. In addition, the effects of various combinations of filler on the flame resistance of the epoxy composite was also evaluated. The prepared composite with filler network exhibited excellent shape stability and mechanical strength even after ablation at 1000°C. The network structure constructed by BN had a positive effect on heat transfer, while APP led to the formation of phosphoric acid at high temperature, adhering to talc and other residues together. A ceramic-like residue was formed on the firing surface, which enhanced the barrier effect of char layer and flame resistance of the composite.
Induction of SARS-CoV-2 N-specific CD8+ T cell immunity in lungs by engineered extracellular vesicles associates with strongly impaired viral replication
Authors: Manfredi Francesco , Chiozzini Chiara , Ferrantelli Flavia , Leone Patrizia , Pugliese Katherina , Spada Massimo , Virgilio Antonio di , Giovannelli Andrea , Valeri Mauro , Cara Andrea , Michelini Zuleika , Andreotti Mauro , Federico Maurizio 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Induction of effective immunity in lungs should be a pre-requisite for any vaccine designed to control the severe pathogenic effects generated by respiratory infectious agents. In the case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 infection, vaccination is expected to associate with significant inhibition of viral replication in lungs. We recently provided evidence that the generation of endogenous extracellular vesicles (EVs) engineered for the incorporation of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid (N) protein can protect K18-hACE2 transgenic mice from the lethal intranasal infection with the ancestral Wuhan isolate. Actually, it was widely demonstrated that these transgenic mice succumb to SARS-CoV-2 intranasal infection mainly as a consequence of the viral invasiveness of central nervous system, a pathogenetic mechanism almost absent in humans. On the other hand, K18-hACE2 transgenic mice support viral replication in lungs, an event strictly mirroring the major pathogenic signature linked to the severe disease in humans. However, nothing is known about the ability of N-specific CD8+ T cell immunity induced by engineered EVs in controlling viral replication in lungs. To fill the gap, we investigated the immunity generated in lungs by N-engineered EVs in terms of induction of N-specific effectors and resident memory CD8+ T lymphocytes before and after virus challenge carried out three weeks and three months after boosting. At the same time points, viral replication extents in lungs were evaluated. We found that three weeks after second immunization, virus replication was reduced in mice best responding to vaccination by more than 3-logs compared to control group. The impaired viral replication matched with a reduced induction of Spike-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes. The antiviral effect appeared similarly strong when the viral challenge was carried out 3 months after boosting. This inhibitory effect associated with the persistence of a N-specific CD8+ T-resident memory lymphocytes in lungs of N-immunized mice. In view of the quite conserved sequence of the N protein among SARS-CoV-2 variants, these results support the idea that a vaccine strategy focused on the induction of anti-N CD8+ T cell immunity in lungs has the potential to control the replication of emerging variants
Construction and evaluation of clinical prediction model for immunotherapy-related adverse events and clinical benefit in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors based on serum cytokine levels
Authors: Zhao Ni , Jiang Aimin , Shang Xiao , Zhao Fumei , Wang Ruoxuan , Fu Xiao , Ruan Zhiping , Liang Xuan , Tian Tao , Yao Yu , Li Chunli 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the therapeutic landscape of cancer. The aim of this study was to develop novel risk classifiers to predict the risk of irAEs and probability of clinical benefits of these individuals.
Methods: The cancer patients received ICIs from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University from November 2020 to October 2022 were collected and followed up. The logistic regression analyses were adopted to identify independent predictive factors of irAEs and clinical response. Two nomograms were developed to predict the irAEs and clinical response of these individuals, with receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and calibration curve being generated to assess their predictive ability. Besides, decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to estimate the clinical utility of the nomograms.
Results: This study included 583 cancer patients from 2434 cancer patients. Among them, 111 patients (19.0%) developed irAEs. The multivariate analysis indicated that duration of treatment (DOT)＞3 cycles, Hepatic-metastases, IL2＞2.225pg/ml, and IL8＞7.39pg/ml were correlated with higher irAEs risk. Overall, 347 patients were included in the final efficacy analysis, with an overall clinical benefit rate of 39.7% being observed. The multivariate analysis indicated that DOT＞3cycles, non-hepatic-metastases, irAEs and IL8＞7.39pg/ml were independent predictive factors of clinical benefit. Ultimately, two nomograms were successfully established to predict the probability of irAEs and clinical benefits. ROC curves yield acceptable performance of nomograms. Calibration curves showed satisfying consistencies between actual and predicted probability. DCA supported that the nomograms could provide more significant net clinical benefits to these patients.
Conclusion: Specific baseline serum cytokines are closely correlated to irAEs and clinical response in these individuals. We established two nomograms that could effectively predict the risk of irAEs and probability of clinical response by integration of common clinicopathological parameters and serumcytokines.
A novel approach to learning through categorical variables applicable to the classification of solitary pulmonary nodule malignancy
Authors: Bosch-Romeu Raquel , Librero Julian , Senent-Valero Marina , Sanfeliu-Alonso Maria Carmen , Salinas-Serrano Jose Maria , Forés-Martos Jaume , Suay-Garcia Beatriz , Climent Joan , Falco Antonio , Pastor-Valero Maria 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background One of the main drawbacks in constructing a classification model is that some or all of the covariates are categorical variables. Classical methods either assign labels to each output of a categorical variable or are summarised measures (frequencies and percentages), which can be interpreted as probabilities.
Methods We adopted a novel mathematical procedure to construct a classification model from categorical variables based on a non-classical probability approach. More specifically, we codified the variables following the categorical data representation from the Discriminant Correspondence Analysis before constructing a non-classical probability matrix system that represents an entangled system of dependent-independent variables. We then developed a disentangled procedure to obtain an empirical density function for each representative class (minimum of two classes). Finally, we constructed our classification model using the density functions.
Results We applied the proposed procedure to build a classification model of the malignancy of Solitary Pulmonary Nodule (SPN) after five years of follow up using routine clinical data. First, with 2/3 (270) of the sample of 404 patients with SPN, we constructed the classification model, and then validated it with the remaining 1/3 (134) we validated it. We tested the procedure’s stability by repeating the analysis randomly 1000 times. We obtained a model accuracy of 0.74, an F1 score of 0.58, a Cohen’s Kappa value of 0.41 and a Matthews Correlation Coefficient of 0.45. Finally, the area under the ROC curve was 0.86.
Conclusion The proposed procedure provides a machine learning classification model with an acceptable performance of a classification model of solitary pulmonary nodule malignancy constructed from routine clinical data and mainly composed of categorical variables. It provides an acceptable performance, which could be used by clinicians as a tool to classify SPN malignancy in routine clinical practice.
How Do Everyday-Low-Price Supermarkets Adjust their Prices?
Authors: He Guojun , LaFrance Jeffrey , Perloff Jeffrey , Volpe Richard 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Was the rapid increase and collapse of commodity prices in 2007–2009 passed through to supermarket prices symmetrically? This study is the first to address this issue for an everyday-low-price (EDLP) supermarket chain, which infrequently changes its prices and rarely has sales. We also reexamine the question for typical firms that set a usual high price and have frequent sales. We examine 25 goods that use a primary commodity (such as rice in a bag of rice). We fail to reject symmetric adjustments for very few goods for both types of stores. In addition, we find that the probability an EDLP chain adjusts its prices in response to even a large commodity price shock is low for most goods. JEL: D40, Q13, C22
Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in coal gasification slags and their leaching toxicity from China
Authors: Zhang Hanlin , Zhang Yili , Yu Wei , Fan Meijuan , Chen Li , Cui Huapeng , Wang Xuebin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The coal gasification process produces a large amount of coal gasification slag (CGS), which enriches the heavy metals in the raw coal. The CGS will not only occupies land resources in the long-term storage, but also has potential ecological pollution risks. In this study, eight kinds of CGS samples from different regions of China were subjected, and their chemical composition and environmental risks were studied. Two leaching methods issued by the ministry of ecology and environment of China were used to carry out leaching experiments for evaluating the hazardous waste level of CGS. The results show that, among eight samples, the comprehensive potential ecological risk of all samples did not reach high risk, and there are two kinds of CGCS and two kinds of CGFS reach middle risk. In general, CGS is not hazardous solid wastes, most of which are Class I general industrial solid wastes, and a few are Class II general industrial solid wastes. These conclusions indicate that heavy metals in CGS have certain potential ecological risks. Under different leaching conditions, except for Be, the precipitation amount of heavy metals in CGS is basically within the limited range of relevant standards, but its environmental risks cannot be ignored.
Hepatocellular carcinoma cell-derived small extracellular vesicles-associated CD147 may serve as a facilitating diagnostic marker and promotes endothelial cell angiogenesis via PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Huang Defa , Zhang Wenjuan , Chen Jie , Jiao Zhigang , Wang Xiaoling , Rao Dingyu , Li Weisong , Hu Die , Xie Fangfang , Wang Xiaoxing , Li Zhengzhe , Yi Xiaomei , Wu Jiyang , Jiang Yu , Zhong Tianyu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
CD147 is thought to promote tumor angiogenesis mostly through its ability to increase expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tumor cells. In the present study, we found that the expression of CD147 was significantly higher in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue samples than in normal tissues. We also found a significantly larger number of CD147-positive small extracellular vesicles (CD147+ sEVs) in the plasma of HCC patients than those from live cirrhosis (LC) patients and healthy donors (HD). Our data demonstrate a close correlation between ration of CD147+ sEVs with progression of HCC. The index of CD147+ sEVs combined with that of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) improves the diagnostic efficiency for HCC. and When AFP is negative, the index of CD147+ sEVs still remains a good diagnostic power. Furthermore, we show that hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HepG2)-derived CD147+ sEVs promote cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The CD147+ sEVs up-regulates vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) by activating PI3K/Akt pathway, thereby promoting angiogenesis. Taken together, our data suggest that HCC-derived sEVs is able to promote angiogenesis through CD147 and demonstrate a diagnostic value of plasma CD147+ sEVs for HCC.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of the structural behavior of reinforced glulam wooden members by NSM steel bars and shear reinforcement CFRP sheet
Authors: Alkhudery Hayder , Al‑Katib Haider , Al‑Tameemi Haider 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The current investigation is an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of utilizing steel bars as reinforcements in glulam timber beams using the near-surface-mounted (NSM) technique. A series of flexural testing was carried out until failure for both reinforced and unreinforced glulam members in a simple support system. Eleven specimens were examined in two groups to compare with the controlled beam. Five reinforced glulam beams of the first group were reinforced with different schemes at tension and compression zones using the same bar size, while other five specimens of the second group were reinforced in addition to the same flexural reinforcement schemes, the shear reinforcement using fully wrapping strips made of CFRP sheet. Each glulam beam has a span of 1.35 m and a rectangular section sized 85×175 mm. Experimental results presented, that the reinforced glulam beams performed much better than unreinforced reference beams in terms of structural behavior with improvements in ultimate load capacity ranging from 16 to 49%. Based on experimental outcomes, theoretic modeling was provided to estimate the ultimate load capacity and bending rigidity of reinforcing glulam members. Though several theoretical predictions of flexural capacity were overstated when compared to experimental predictions, these disparities were frequently about 10%, confirming that the proposed theoretical model was accurate and the mean of ultimate loading capacity and deflection between experimental and theoretical results were 1.01 and 1.09, respectively, while the shear reinforcement for reinforced glulam members slightly improved flexural performance and ultimate load capacity increased by 2–7%.
Global existence and asymptotic behavior of a triply haptotactic cross-diffusion model for oncolytic virotherapy
Authors: Zheng Jiashan , Ke Yuanyuan , Qi Dayong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Note: Please see pdf for full abstract with equations.
This paper considers a model for oncolytic virotherapy given by a thiply haptotactic cross-diffusion system
ut = DuΔu − ξu∇ · (u∇v) + μuu(1 − u) − ρuuz, x ∈ Ω, t > 0,
vt = −(αuu + αww)v + μvv(1 − v), x ∈ Ω, t > 0,
wt = DwΔw − ξw∇ · (w∇v) − δww + ρwuz, x ∈ Ω, t > 0,
zt = DzΔz − ξz∇ · (z∇v) − δzz − ρzuz + βw, x ∈ Ω, t > 0,
(Du∇u − ξuu∇v) · ν = (Dw∇w − ξww∇v) · ν = (Dz∇z − ξzz∇v) · ν = 0, x ∈ ∂Ω, t > 0,
u(x, 0) = u0(x), v(x, 0) = v0(x), w(x, 0) = w0(x), z(x, 0) = z0(x), x ∈ Ω,
(0.1)
in a bounded domain Ω ⊂ RN (N = 1, 2) with smooth boundary. We prove that when N = 1, the system possesses a unique global bounded solution. When N = 2, if there exists some constant K > 0 such that Dz > ξzK, then the solution is global in time. And if we add the condition δwρz > ρwβ > 0, the solution is globally bounded. Furthermore, with some suitable assumption, we could also obtain that the solution exponentially stabilizes to the constant equilibrium (1,0,0,0) as t → ∞.
Musculoskeletal Disorders among Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy in Pediatric Rehabilitation Center in Khartoum – Sudan 2022
Authors: Elbadri Mohammed Elfatih , Shalan Ahmed Abdelazeim , Algalal Amna Adel , Ali Aya Jamal , Abdalgader Eatedal Osama , AwadAllah Eman Bashir , Mustafa Esraa Aboud , Abdelrazig Fatima Bakri , alamin Leena Khalid , Aldosh RazanYasser , Elmubark Noha Mohamed Abdelazeim , Saeed Ali Awadallah 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground:Cerebral palsy (CP) is characterized by impaired motor development, cognitive, sensory and communicative deficits. The disorder develops when the immature brain responds for a variety of reasons. Long-term care and support is especially important, for the mother of a child with cerebral palsy, as well as the family as a wholeObjectives:The aim of the study is to recognize Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among a mothers of a child with cerebral palsyMaterial and Methods:A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in three centers in Khartoum, Sudan (Shaheen pediatric rehabilitation center, Youmna care center and Roya physiotherapy clinic in Khartoum, Sudan). 51 Sudanese patients 51mothers aged between 16 to 50 years, were involved in the study. Data analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.Result:The most common musculoskeletal disorders in mother who have cerebral palsy children is low back pain but researchers found the neck pain is the most common, neck pain 20% > low back pain 19%Conclusion:•The common age of mother for musculoskeletal disorders ranging between (27-33) years. • The most Musculoskeletal disorders of mother is neck pain. • Children with CP who depend on their mother full or partial have the same effect of musculoskeletal disorders.
Neuromuscular Taping Decompression Technique in Diabetic Painful Distal Symmetrical Polyneuropathy: The Impact On Pain Intensity in a randomised trial
Authors: Muchsin Achmad Harun , Blow David , Goysal Yudi , Tammasse Jumraini , Bahar Ashari , Wuysang Audry Devisanty , Zainuddin Andi Alfian , Walenna Nirwana Fitriani 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study aims to assess the effects of neuromuscular taping decompression technique (NMT) to modify pain scale in diabetic patients with painful distal symmetrical polyneuropathy and was conducted at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia. The study design used a pure experimental design with the pre-test and post-test control group method, where samples were collected using a consecutive sampling technique.30 patients with diabetic painful distal symmetrical polyneuropathy were studied consisting of 15 treatment and 15 control subjects. The treatment group received a specific decompression NMT application over the dorsal and plantar aspect of the foot, bilaterally, 2 times a week for 4 weeks together with vitamin B complex oral supplementation. While a control group only received vitamin B complex.
Mann-Whitney test, showed a significant (p <0.05) improved pain scale in the treatment group at day 28, and the average NPRS value of the treatment group was lower than the control.
This study has shown a significant effect of NMT decompression technique in reducing pain in Diabetic Painful Distal Symmetrical Polyneuropathy patients. Pain is the major debilitating aspect that negatively influences DM patient mobility and quality of life. The combination of vitamin B1 (100mg), B6 ​​(100mg) and B12 (5000mcg) supplementation and a specific NMT treatment application repeated 8 times over 28 days (5 treatments over 17 days to achieve minimum effective time) to reduce the mean value of NPRS pain scale to 0 (p<0.05). Trial results indicate a possible treatment cycle of 2 NMT1 treatments a week for 4 weeks to significantly reduce pain to mean value 0 in combination with vit. B supplementation. Treatment time was calculated 5-8 min with a tape cost for 50cm approx USD 0,50 per treatment.
Prediction of lake chlorophyll concentration using the BP neural network and Sentinel-2 images based on time features
Authors: Hu Hua , Fu Xueliang , Li Honghui , Wang Fang , Duan Weijun , Zhang Liqian , Liu Min 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
One of the most important indicators of lake eutrophication is chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration, which is also an essential component of lake water quality monitoring. It is an efficient, economical and convenient method to monitor the Chl-a concentration through remote sensing images. Taking the Wuliangsuhai Lake as an example, the relevant bands of Sentinel-2 images were used as the input and the Chl-a concentration as the output to build neural network models. In the process of building the model, we mainly studied and tested the impact of adding time features to the model input on the model accuracy. Through the experiment, it was found that the month and day difference features of remote sensing images and Chl-a measurement could significantly improve the prediction accuracy of Chl-a concentration in varying degrees. Finally, it was determined that the neural network prediction model with 12 bands of Sentinel-2 images combined month features as inputs and one hidden layer, eight neurons and Chl-a concentration as outputs was the best. Then, the accuracy of the model was validated when the test set accounts for 20 and 30%, and good results were obtained.