bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ancient DNA re-opens the question of the phylogenetic position of the Sardinian pika Prolagus sardus (Wagner, 1829), an extinct lagomorph
Authors: Utzeri Valerio Joe , Cilli Elisabetta , Fontani Francesco , Zoboli Daniel , Orsini Massimiliano , Ribani Anisa , Latorre Adriana , Lissovsky Andrey A. , Pillola Gian Luigi , Bovo Samuele , Gruppioni Giorgio , Luiselli Donata , Fontanesi Luca 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPalaeogenomics is contributing to refine our understanding of many major evolutionary events at an unprecedented resolution, with relevant impacts in several fields, including phylogenetics of extinct species. Few extant and extinct animal species from Mediterranean regions have been characterised at the DNA level thus far. The Sardinian pika, Prolagus sardus (Wagner, 1829), was an iconic lagomorph species that populated Sardinia and Corsica and became extinct during the Holocene. There is a certain scientific debate on the phylogenetic assignment of the extinct genus Prolagus to the family Ochotonidae (one of the only two extant families of the order Lagomorpha) or to a separated family Prolagidae, or to the subfamily Prolaginae within the family Ochotonidae. In this study, we successfully reconstructed a portion of the mitogenome of a Sardinian pika dated to the Neolithic period and recovered from the Cabaddaris cave, an archaeological site in Sardinia. Our calibrated phylogeny may support the hypothesis that the genus Prolagus is an independent sister group to the family Ochotonidae that diverged from the Ochotona genus lineage about 30 million years ago. These results may contribute to refine the phylogenetic interpretation of the morphological peculiarities of the Prolagus genus already described by palaeontological studies.
Feature-aware unsupervised lesion segmentation for brain tumor images using fast data density functional transform
Authors: Huang Shin-Jhe , Chen Chien-Chang , Kao Yamin , Lu Henry Horng-Shing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe demonstrate that isomorphically mapping gray-level medical image matrices onto energy spaces underlying the framework of fast data density functional transform (fDDFT) can achieve the unsupervised recognition of lesion morphology. By introducing the architecture of geometric deep learning and metrics of graph neural networks, gridized density functionals of the fDDFT establish an unsupervised feature-aware mechanism with global convolutional kernels to extract the most likely lesion boundaries and produce lesion segmentation. An AutoEncoder-assisted module reduces the computational complexity from $$\mathcal{O}\left({N}^{3}\right)$$

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N

3

to $$\mathcal{O}\left(N\mathrm{log}N\right)$$

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N
log
N

, thus efficiently speeding up global convolutional operations. We validate their performance utilizing various open-access datasets and discuss limitations. The inference time of each object in large three-dimensional datasets is 1.76 s on average. The proposed gridized density functionals have activation capability synergized with gradient ascent operations, hence can be modularized and embedded in pipelines of modern deep neural networks. Algorithms of geometric stability and similarity convergence also raise the accuracy of unsupervised recognition and segmentation of lesion images. Their performance achieves the standard requirement for conventional deep neural networks; the median dice score is higher than 0.75. The experiment shows that the synergy of fDDFT and a naïve neural network improves the training and inference time by 58% and 51%, respectively, and the dice score raises to 0.9415. This advantage facilitates fast computational modeling in interdisciplinary applications and clinical investigation.
The study of the removal of penconazole fungicide from surface water using carboxymethyl tragacanth-based hydrogel grafted with poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)
Authors: Lotfi Magsoud , Bahram Morteza , Najafi Moghadam Peyman 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, a polymeric adsorbent based on carboxymethyl tragacanth (CMT) grafted by poly acrylic acid-co-acrylamide (AAc-co-AAm) synthesized by radical polymerization for the first time was used to remove the fungicide penconazole (PEN) or Topas 20% from surface water. The parameters of solution pH, adsorption isotherm, and adsorption kinetics of PEN were studied by the synthetic adsorbent. The surface morphology and functional groups of CMT-g-poly (AAc-co-AAm) were confirmed by XRD, SEM and FT-IR techniques. Adsorption of PEN on CMT-g-poly (AAc-co-AAm) follows the Freundlich and pseudo-second-order models. The significant maximum adsorption capacity of the synthesized polymer was found to be 196.08 mg/g. The synthetic adsorbent had good reproducibility in PEN removal for up to 5 cycles. CMT-g-poly (AAc-co-AAm) is a cost-effective and non-toxic adsorbent for the decontamination of surface water from pesticides.
Predicting California bearing ratio of HARHA-treated expansive soils using Gaussian process regression
Authors: Ahmad Mahmood , Al-Zubi Mohammad A. , Kubińska-Jabcoń Ewa , Majdi Ali , Al-Mansob Ramez A. , Sabri Mohanad Muayad Sabri , Ali Enas , Naji Jamil Abdulrabb , Elnaggar Ashraf Y. , Zamin Bakht 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe California bearing ratio (CBR) is one of the basic subgrade strength characterization properties in road pavement design for evaluating the bearing capacity of pavement subgrade materials. In this research, a new model based on the Gaussian process regression (GPR) computing technique was trained and developed to predict CBR value of hydrated lime-activated rice husk ash (HARHA) treated soil. An experimental database containing 121 data points have been used. The dataset contains input parameters namely HARHA—a hybrid geometrical binder, liquid limit, plastic limit, plastic index, optimum moisture content, activity and maximum dry density while the output parameter for the model is CBR. The performance of the GPR model is assessed using statistical parameters, including the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), Relative Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE), and performance indicator (ρ). The obtained results through GPR model yield higher accuracy as compare to recently establish artificial neural network (ANN) and gene expression programming (GEP) models in the literature. The analysis of the R2 together with MAE, RMSE, RRMSE, and ρ values for the CBR demonstrates that the GPR achieved a better prediction performance in training phase with (R2 = 0.9999, MAE = 0.0920, RMSE = 0.13907, RRMSE = 0.0078 and ρ = 0.00391) succeeded by the ANN model with (R2 = 0.9998, MAE = 0.0962, RMSE = 4.98, RRMSE = 0.20, and ρ = 0.100) and GEP model with (R2 = 0.9972, MAE = 0.5, RMSE = 4.94, RRMSE = 0.202, and ρ = 0.101). Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis result shows that HARHA was the key parameter affecting the CBR.
Evaluating clinical heterogeneity and predicting mortality in severely burned patients through unsupervised clustering and latent class analysis
Authors: Kim Sungmin , Yoon Jaechul , Kym Dohern , Hur Jun , Kim Myongjin , Park Jongsoo , Cho Yong Suk , Chun Wook , Yoon Dogeon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBurn injuries often result in a high level of clinical heterogeneity and poor prognosis in patients with severe burns. Clustering algorithms, which are unsupervised methods that can identify groups with similar trajectories in patients with heterogeneous diseases, can provide insights into the mechanisms of the disease pathogenesis. This study aimed to analyze routinely collected biomarkers to understand their mortality prediction power, identify the clinical meanings or subtypes, and inform treatment decisions to improve the outcomes of patients with burns. This retrospective cohort study included patients aged ≥ 18 years who were admitted between January 2010 and December 2021. The patients were divided into four subgroups based on the time period of their admission: week 1, 2, 3, and 4. The study revealed that 22 biomarkers were evaluated, and the red blood cell distribution width, bicarbonate level, pH, platelets, and lymphocytes were significantly associated with the mortality risk. Latent class analysis further demonstrated that the pH, platelets, lymphocytes, lactate, and albumin demonstrated the lowest levels in the cluster with the highest risk of mortality, with the lowest levels of pH and lactate being particularly noteworthy in week 1 of the study. During the week 2, the pH and lymphocyte levels were demonstrated to be significant predictors of the mortality risk, whereas the lymphocyte and platelet counts were meaningful predictors in week 3. During week 4, pH, platelet count, and albumin level were important predictors of mortality risk. Analysis of routinely collected biomarkers using clustering algorithms and latent class analysis can provide valuable insights into the heterogeneity of burn injuries and improve the ability to predict disease progression and mortality. Our findings suggest that lactate levels are a better indicator of cellular hypoxia in the early stages of burn shock, whereas platelet and lymphocyte levels are more indicative of infections such as sepsis. Albumin levels are considered a better indicator of reduced nutritional loss with decrease in unhealed burn wounds; however, the pH levels reflect the overall condition of the patient throughout the study period. These findings can be used to inform treatment decisions and improve the outcomes of burn patients.
Association between serum uric acid and triglyceride-glucose index in children and adolescents with short stature
Authors: Zhao Qianqian , Zhang Mei , Chu Yuntian , Ban Bo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, which is a more effective indicator of insulin resistance. The study participants included 1700 children and adolescents with short stature who were recruited at the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University in China between March 2013 and April 2021. A positive association between SUA levels and the TyG index was detected by univariate analysis (p < 0.001). Furthermore, a nonlinear relationship was detected between SUA and the TyG index, whose point was 6.55 mg/dL. There was a positive association between SUA and the TyG index when the SUA level was greater than 6.55 mg/dL (β 0.17, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.27; P < 0.001). However, we did not observe a significant relationship between SUA and the TyG index when the SUA level was less than 6.55 mg/dL (β 0.02, 95% CI: − 0.01, 0.05; P = 0.091). In addition, a stratified analysis was performed to appraise changes in this relationship for different sexes. The relationship between SUA and the TyG index in males and females is consistent with that in the general population, showing a nonlinear relationship. However, the inflection points of SUA level were significantly higher in males than in females, and the inflection points were approximately 6.72 and 5.88 mg/dL, respectively. This study revealed a nonlinear relationship between SUA and the TyG index in children with short stature. The nonlinear relationship remained in gender stratification analysis, but the inflection point of SUA level was higher in men. Further studies are needed to establish a causal relationship between SUA levels and the TyG index in children with short stature.
Mining the contribution of intensive care clinical course to outcome after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Bhattacharyay Shubhayu , Caruso Pier Francesco , Åkerlund Cecilia , Wilson Lindsay , Stevens Robert D. , Menon David K. , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Nelson David W. , Ercole Ari ,   the CENTER-TBI investigators and participants
Published: August 2023

AbstractExisting methods to characterise the evolving condition of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) do not capture the context necessary for individualising treatment. Here, we integrate all heterogenous data stored in medical records (1166 pre-ICU and ICU variables) to model the individualised contribution of clinical course to 6-month functional outcome on the Glasgow Outcome Scale -Extended (GOSE). On a prospective cohort (n = 1550, 65 centres) of TBI patients, we train recurrent neural network models to map a token-embedded time series representation of all variables (including missing values) to an ordinal GOSE prognosis every 2 h. The full range of variables explains up to 52% (95% CI: 50–54%) of the ordinal variance in functional outcome. Up to 91% (95% CI: 90–91%) of this explanation is derived from pre-ICU and admission information (i.e., static variables). Information collected in the ICU (i.e., dynamic variables) increases explanation (by up to 5% [95% CI: 4–6%]), though not enough to counter poorer overall performance in longer-stay (>5.75 days) patients. Highest-contributing variables include physician-based prognoses, CT features, and markers of neurological function. Whilst static information currently accounts for the majority of functional outcome explanation after TBI, data-driven analysis highlights investigative avenues to improve the dynamic characterisation of longer-stay patients. Moreover, our modelling strategy proves useful for converting large patient records into interpretable time series with missing data integration and minimal processing.
wMel Wolbachia alters female post-mating behaviors and physiology in the dengue vector mosquito Aedes aegypti
Authors: Osorio Jessica , Villa-Arias Sara , Camargo Carolina , Ramírez-Sánchez Luis Felipe , Barrientos Luisa María , Bedoya Carolina , Rúa-Uribe Guillermo , Dorus Steve , Alfonso-Parra Catalina , Avila Frank W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGlobally invasive Aedes aegypti disseminate numerous arboviruses that impact human health. One promising method to control Ae. aegypti populations is transinfection with Wolbachia pipientis, which naturally infects ~40–52% of insects but not Ae. aegypti. Transinfection of Ae. aegypti with the wMel Wolbachia strain induces cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), allows infected individuals to invade native populations, and inhibits transmission of medically relevant arboviruses by females. Female insects undergo post-mating physiological and behavioral changes—referred to as the female post-mating response (PMR)—required for optimal fertility. PMRs are typically elicited by male seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) transferred with sperm during mating but can be modified by other factors, including microbiome composition. Wolbachia has modest effects on Ae. aegypti fertility, but its influence on other PMRs is unknown. Here, we show that Wolbachia influences female fecundity, fertility, and re-mating incidence and significantly extends the longevity of virgin females. Using proteomic methods to examine the seminal proteome of infected males, we found that Wolbachia moderately affects SFP composition. However, we identified 125 paternally transferred Wolbachia proteins, but the CI factor proteins (Cifs) were not among them. Our findings indicate that Wolbachia infection of Ae. aegypti alters female PMRs, potentially influencing control programs that utilize Wolbachia-infected individuals.
Nonvolatile magnetization switching in a single-layer magnetic topological insulator
Authors: Sun Huimin , Liu Yizhou , Huang Daiqiang , Fu Yu , Huang Yu , He Mengyun , Luo Xuming , Song Wenjie , Liu Yang , Yu Guoqiang , He Qing Lin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMagnetization in a ferromagnetic layer could be manipulated by the spin-orbit torque whose generation commonly relies on the spin-orbit coupling from the adjacent heavy-metal layer within the bilayer. The fact that the magnetic topological insulator possesses both the ferromagnetic order with perpendicular anisotropy and inherent spin-orbit coupling inspires to realize such a torque-induced magnetization switching without forming any heterostructure with other materials. Here, only using a single layer of magnetically-doped topological insulator Cr:(Bi,Sb)2Te3, we realize a magnetization switching only by applying a large dc current. Assisted by the magnetic history, such a switching behaves nonvolatile under zero field but becomes volatile otherwise, as consistently shown by magnetoelectric transports and magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements. Static and quasistatic current are found to be equivalent for the switching. We propose that this switching may associate with the torque resulted from the spin-orbit coupling and the compositional asymmetry in the Cr-profile of the single layer.
Arterial-Venous Perfusion Without Anticoagulation: The Impeller Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Vertrees Roger A. , Yu Yan , Wacker Charles , Cernaianu Aurel C. , DelRossi Anthony J. 
Published: August 2023

A study was designed to test the effects of the absence of anticoagulation in the extracorporeal circuit. Five swine were subjected to this experiment utilizing the impeller centrifugal pump during which neither heparin nor any other anicoagulant was used. The extracorporeal circuit consisted of polyvinylchloride tubing, a Centri-Med®pump and an external stainless steel heat exchanger that was primed with albuminized Ringer's solution. An arterial-venous circuit was employed with oxygenation supplied from the subject's lungs.
A series of blood aliquots were analyzed for coagulation at various times throughout the procedure. Following total body cooling using topically applied ice water, the subjects were rewarmed utilizing bypass. Within 10 minutes after the initiation of bypass, the circuits became clotted, rendering perfusion and subsequent warming ineffective.
The lab values indicated that intrinsically activated coagulation occurred upon exposure to the extracorporeal apparatus. Flow visualization studies revealed a source of stagnant blood flow in the area around the hub of the pump head. Blood clot was similarly located in this area, with clot extension throughout the return circuit being realized.
It is imperative that areas of stagnation be eliminated from extracorporeal circuits, since they may be potential sites for clot formation.
An Introduction to Quality Assurance with an Application for Perfusionists
Authors: Eagle Chris J. , Davies Jan M. , McCloskey Brian 
Published: August 2023

Cardiovascular perfusionists have always been interested in quality assurance (QA), most often in the form of equipment maintenance and record keeping. However, these activities have tended to be fragmented. In an attempt to define a more global approach to QA, basic concepts are identified and the steps used to start a formal QA program are illustrated.
In the usual approach to QA, three areas are commonly assessed: Structure, Process, and Outcome. Structure evaluates the adequacy of facilities and personnel. Process involves review of the activities concerned with the management of patients. Outcome represents evaluation of the end points of care.
In starting our formal QA program, five steps were delineated. These were planning the program, setting up an administration, assessing preexisting activities, initiating the program, and finally evaluating results. A QA specialist helped to define a number of concerns about perfusion from perfusionists, surgeons, anesthesiologists, and nurses. Using a standard approach to QA, these areas were defined according to Structure, Process, and Outcome.
Does Oxygenator Type Affect Postoperative Care Charges?
Authors: Hiratzka Loren F. , Kenrich David , Laskarewski Peter , Flege John B. , Mitts Donald L. , Callard George M. , Wolf Randall K. , Robinson John R. , Wright Creighton B. , Will Raymond J. 
Published: August 2023

The impact of newer and more expensive technologies upon the cost of cardiac surgery is a growing concern. It has been suggested that membrane oxygenators of a variety of types have differenct characteristics which may affect patient outcome and the postoperative course and thus the cost of care.
Three hundred and sixteen patients were prospectively randomized to one of three membrane oxygenators (MO) to examine the impact upon postoperative care charges. There were no differences between groups in a variety of preoperative variables.
There was a trend (not statistically significant) toward lower ventilator time, respiratory care related charges and intensive care unit stay and thus total postoperative care charges associated with the sue of rolled silicone sheet MO compared with microporous polypropylene hollow fiber or microporous polypropylene folded sheet MO. Design-related advantages and disadvantages were noted by perfusionists depending upon the type of surgical procedure performed.
Studies examining the impact of high cost technology upon patient care will be required as concerns about the overall cost of medical care grow.
Pre-Assembled Cardiopulmonary Bypass Circuits – An Innovative Utilization of Evolving Technology
Authors: Courtney Pat H. , Wansley Donald E. , Peacock Henry E. , Warren E. Taliaferro , Heath Bobby J. 
Published: August 2023

With the recent Federal Drug Administration approval of preassembled circuits for percutaneous bypass, a new era of safety, cost effectiveness and time management has become possible.
By utilizing this new technology in a traditional heart/lung circuit, it is now possible to have a cardiopulmonary bypass circuit available for preset up that meets long term sterility requirements, reduces the opportunity of contamination, addresses the situation of cancelled procedures, and allows for the heart/lung machine to be “ready” more expeditiously.
All of this is achieved with a cost factor of less than the individual components of a bypass circuit.
Evaluation of Complement Activation on Cardiopulmonary Bypass and in Retransfused Oxygenator and Shed Mediastinal Blood
Authors: Walpoth B.H. , Nikles M. , Spaeth P.J. , Nydegger U.E. , Althaus U. 
Published: August 2023

Several methods of blood salvage are used in cardiac surgery. Our aim was to study, on the basis of complement activation, the quality of autologous blood products reinfused to the patient. Eleven patients with elective myocardial revascularisation were studied for: operative and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) data, hematology, blood chemistry and complement activation (C3a [des Arg] and terminal complement complex [TCC] or C5b-9 complex). Centrifugated oxygenator blood (COB) and shed mediastinal blood (SMB) samples were examined before reinfusion into the patient and the effect of this retransfusion on the systemic values.
The activation pattern for C3a [des Arg] and TCC was similar. Thus only evaluation of C3a [des Arg] is reported.

Anesthesia increased C3a [des Arg] two fold over baseline (85 +/- 64 vs. 161 +/-103 ng/ml [standardised]; ns).
Accumulation of complement activation at 1 hr on CPB was 12 fold over baseline for C3a [des Arg]; 1984 +/- 677 ng/ml [standardised]; p< 0.01).
C3a [des Arg] in COB and in SMB were 5002 +/- 2027 and 4910 +/-1985 ng/ml [standardised], respectively.
However, after retransfusion of each autologous blood product no further increase in anaphylatoxin concentration could be detected in the patient's blood.

We conclude that despite complement activation in reinfused autologous blood products no further increase is seen in the patient's circulation. This is explained either by the very potent clearing capacity of the body or the rapid absorption of C3a [des Arg] by cellular receptors.