bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Processing negative emotion in two languages of bilinguals: Accommodation and assimilation of the neural pathways based on a meta-analysis
Authors: Dang Qinpu , Ma Fengyang , Yuan Qiming , Fu Yongben , Chen Keyue , Zhang Zhaoqi , Lu Chunming , Guo Taomei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Numerous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have examined the neural mechanisms of negative emotional words, but scarce evidence is available for the interactions among related brain regions from the functional brain connectivity perspective. Moreover, few studies have addressed the neural networks for negative word processing in bilinguals. To fill this gap, the current study examined the brain networks for processing negative words in the first language (L1) and the second language (L2) with Chinese-English bilinguals. To identify objective indicators associated with negative word processing, we first conducted a coordinate-based meta-analysis on contrasts between negative and neutral words (including 32 contrasts from 1589 participants) using the activation likelihood estimation method. Results showed that the left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), the left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), the left amygdala, the left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), and the left thalamus were involved in processing negative words. Next, these six clusters were used as regions of interest in effective connectivity analyses using extended unified structural equation modeling to pinpoint the brain networks for bilingual negative word processing. Brain network results revealed two pathways for negative word processing in L1: a dorsal pathway consisting of the left IFG, the left mPFC, and the left PCC, and a ventral pathway involving the left amygdala, the left ITG, and the left thalamus. We further investigated the similarity and difference between brain networks for negative word processing in L1 and L2. The findings revealed similarities in the dorsal pathway, as well as differences primarily in the ventral pathway, indicating both neural assimilation and accommodation across processing negative emotion in two languages of bilinguals.
Accurate corresponding fiber tract segmentation via FiberGeoMap learner with application to autism
Authors: Wang Zhenwei , He Mengshen , Lv Yifan , Ge Enjie , Zhang Shu , Qiang Ning , Liu Tianming , Zhang Fan , Li Xiang , Ge Bao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Fiber tract segmentation is a prerequisite for tract-based statistical analysis. Brain fiber streamlines obtained by diffusion magnetic resonance imaging and tractography technology are usually difficult to be leveraged directly, thus need to be segmented into fiber tracts. Previous research mainly consists of two steps: defining and computing the similarity features of fiber streamlines, then adopting machine learning algorithms for fiber clustering or classification. Defining the similarity feature is the basic premise and determines its potential reliability and application. In this study, we adopt geometric features for fiber tract segmentation and develop a novel descriptor (FiberGeoMap) for the corresponding representation, which can effectively depict fiber streamlines’ shapes and positions. FiberGeoMap can differentiate fiber tracts within the same subject, meanwhile preserving the shape and position consistency across subjects, thus can identify common fiber tracts across brains. We also proposed a Transformer-based encoder network called FiberGeoMap Learner, to perform segmentation based on the geometric features. Experimental results showed that the proposed method can differentiate the 103 various fiber tracts, which outperformed the existing methods in both the number of categories and segmentation accuracy. Furthermore, the proposed method identified some fiber tracts that were statistically different on fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusion (MD), and fiber number ration in autism.
Simultaneous Determination of Ceftazidime in Three Different Pharmaceutical Preparations Combined with Either Tazobactam, Tobramycin or Sulbactam by HPTLC-Spectrodensitometric Method
Authors: Salem Hesham , Omar Mahmoud A , Mazen Dina Z , Nour El-Deen Deena A M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A new, simple hight performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC)-Spectrodensitometric strategy was created and approved for the synchronous estimation of four antibacterial specialists: ceftazidime (CEF), tazobactam (TAZ), tobramycin (TOB) and sulbactam (SUL). The four compounds were separated on TLC aluminum plates covered with silica gel 60 F254, using chloroform–acetonitrile–methanol–ammonia (4:1:0.5:0.15, v/v/v/v) as a mobile phase at 254 nm. Linear correlation was obeyed over the concentration ranges of 12.0–72.0, 2.0–12.0, 3.0–18.0 and 10.0–50.0 μg mL−1 for CEF, TAZ, TOB and SUL, respectively. The proposed approach is efficient, repeatable and convenient as a flexible method for the quality control of diverse combinations of these pharmaceuticals in various pharmaceutical preparations, with high percent recoveries that are highly consistent with labeled data. When the findings of the proposed technique were compared to those of the comparison methods, there were no critical contrasts in terms of precision and accuracy.
How much does the presentation pattern of atrial fibrillation affect thrombo-embolic risk and mortality?
Authors: Turturiello Dario , Cappato Riccardo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a substantial increase in mortality and morbidity. Systemic thrombo-embolism is the most serious complication associated with this arrhythmia. The use of anticoagulant drugs is the cornerstone of therapy for the prophylaxis of stroke and peripheral ischaemia in these patients. The current guidelines recommend the use of anticoagulant drugs based on the thrombo-embolic risk profile of each individual patient calculated by SCORE based on the presence or absence of clinical risk factors and regardless of the presentation pattern of AF. A review of literature data investigating the effect of AF presentation pattern on thrombo-embolic risk and mortality showed an increased risk of both thrombo-embolic events and death in patients with non-paroxysmal AF compared to patients with paroxysmal AF. Most of these studies, however, consist of post-hoc analyses of large trials or observational studies and meta-analyses derived from these, resulting in an important limitation in the interpretation of data derived from such studies. At the same time, these data suggest the need for both new therapies to prevent AF progression and for further studies to explore the integration of AF presentation pattern into models of thrombo-embolic risk.
What is the role of coronary revascularization to recover the contractility of the dysfunctional heart?
Authors: Vassiliki’ Cousoumbas Gloria , Casella Gianni , Di Pasquale Giuseppe 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Coronary artery disease is the predominant aetiology of heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction in industrialized countries. The pathophysiological substrate of hibernating myocardium constitutes the conceptual target of coronary revascularization by coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or coronary angioplasty or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Studies, mainly observational, conducted in the past have demonstrated a prognostic benefit of CABG on survival. These findings were confirmed by the long-term follow-up of the STICH study in which, however, documentation of inducible ischaemia or myocardial viability was not predictive of a prognostic benefit of CABG. Revascularization via PCI in the recent REVIVED-BCIS2 study did not demonstrate a significant benefit in terms of death or heart failure hospitalization compared with optimal medical therapy. Pending the long-term follow-up of the REVIVED-BCIS2 study, optimized medical therapy, cardiac resynchronization therapy, and the implantable cardioverter defibrillator, where indicated, are the mainstay of treatment in patients with dilated ischaemic cardiomyopathy. The decision for coronary revascularization is made in the individual patient, possibly with a higher bias in patients with angina, three-vessel coronary artery disease, severe left ventricular dysfunction, and cardiac remodelling.
In search of new gatekeepers: coronary CT (Computed Tomography) in acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Schillaci Matteo , Marchetti Davide , Andreini Daniele 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Coronary computed tomography (CCT) is a non-invasive imaging method that allows visualization of the epicardial coronary arteries. The diagnostic and prognostic role of CCT has been demonstrated by various randomized trials to such an extent that it has been included as a Class I, level of evidence B recommendation in the latest European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for the diagnosis of chronic coronary syndrome in patients at intermediate-low cardiovascular risk. In addition to the anatomical evaluation, the CCT allows to evaluate the presence of high-risk characteristics of the atherosclerotic plaque (napkin-ring sign, positive remodelling, spotty calcification, and low-attenuation plaque), thus discriminating the stability of the atheromatous pathology. Furthermore, among the potential of cardiac CT in the emergency department, the possibility of making a triple rule-out must be underlined, excluding three potential big killers as the cause of acute chest pain: acute coronary syndrome, pulmonary embolism, and aortic dissection. Various randomized clinical studies have demonstrated that the prognosis of the patient with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) improves only if a haemodynamically significant stenosis is treated, generally investigated with invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR); CCT technological advances have made it possible to create an algorithm for calculating the FFR-CT, an index of haemodynamic significance of coronary stenosis, whose correlation with the invasive FFR data and, consequently, with the prognosis has been demonstrated of patients with CAD.
How much does hypertension in pregnancy affect the risk of future cardiovascular events?
Authors: Mureddu Gian Francesco 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) include essential (or secondary) hypertension occurring before 20 weeks of gestation or in women already on antihypertensive therapy prior to pregnancy, gestational hypertension, developing after 20 weeks of gestation without significant proteinuria, and pre-eclampsia or AH onset after 20 weeks of pregnancy in the presence of proteinuria. The development of HDP is associated with a higher incidence of long-term cardiovascular (CV) adverse events, such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and CV death. Women who develop high blood pressure in their first pregnancy have an increased risk of complication in a subsequent pregnancy. In the years following delivery, pregnant women with hypertensive disorders develop subclinical atherosclerosis and alterations of cardiac structure and function that may lead to CV disease and heart failure. Thus, it is recommended to monitor these changes over time and subject in pregnant women with these characteristics to CV surveillance through structured and multidisciplinary interventions for CV prevention.
Ablation of ventricular arrhythmias in cardiogenetic diseases
Authors: Pappone Carlo , Boccellino Antonio , Ciconte Giuseppe 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Sudden cardiac death is a leading cause of mortality, claiming millions of lives every year. Recent advances in cardiac arrhythmia mapping have demonstrated that the ventricular epicardial region has a critical arrhythmogenic role in some inherited cardiogenetic diseases. Historically, electroanatomic abnormalities have been identified in the ventricular epicardium of patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. More recently, epicardial pathological substrates have been identified also in electrical disease (Brugada syndrome, early repolarization syndrome) and currently in long QT syndrome. In light of these findings, the epicardial area has emerged as an important determinant in sudden cardiac death-related cardiomyopathies.
Therapy of Type 2 diabetes: more gliflozines and less metformin?
Authors: Verdecchia Paolo , Murdolo Giuseppe , Coiro Stefano , Santucci Andrea , Notaristefano Francesco , Angeli Fabio , Cavallini Claudio 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Metformin is a frequently used anti-diabetic drug. In addition to the well-known modulating properties on glyco-metabolic control, metformin reduces cardiovascular (CV) risk partly independently of its anti-hyperglycaemic effect. The use of ‘new’ anti-diabetic drugs, inhibitors of the renal Na-glucose co-transporter (SGLTs-I or ‘gliflozines’) and GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs), has further contributed to challenge the strictly ‘gluco-centric’ view of diabetic CV disease. Several controlled trials have demonstrated that the cardio-renal benefits of gliflozines and GLP1-RAs are present regardless of the presence of metformin as ‘background’ therapy. The impact on the ‘cardio-renal continuum’ exerted by SGLTs-I was also noted in non-diabetic patients with heart failure and reduced or preserved ventricular function and different levels of renal function. These drugs reduced re-hospitalization, CV mortality, and progression to end-stage renal disease. These clinical acquisitions, implemented by Scientific Societies, have led to a change in the therapeutic approach to diabetic cardio-renal disease. Although metformin still represents a valid therapeutic option to be offered particularly to ‘naïve’ diabetic patients without previous cardio-renal events, SGLTs-I and/or GLP1-RAs emerge as ‘first-line’ drugs in diabetic patients with previous CV events, or at high CV risk, without having to request ‘on board’ metformin therapy.
Relationship between epicardial adipose tissue measured by computed tomography and premature ventricular complexes originating from different sites
Authors: Shen Junxian , Zhu Didi , Chen Long , Cang Jiehui , Zhao Zhen , Ji Yuqin , Liu Shangshang , Miao Hongyu , Liu Yaowu , Zhou Qianxing , He Yanru , Cai Junyan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aims
This study aims to explore the association between the features of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in different zones and premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) originating from different sites by computed tomography (CT).

Methods and results
A total of 136 patients who underwent radiofrequency ablation for PVCs were incorporated in this study. One hundred and thirty-six matched controls were included in this study using the case-control method (1:1 matching). PVCs were classified into four subgroups: (1) right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT-PVCs), (2) non-RVOT of the right ventricle (RV-PVCs), (3) left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT-PVCs), and (4) non-LVOT of the left ventricle (LV-PVCs). The volume and density of EAT were quantified by CT. Patients with PVCs had a significantly higher volume and lower density of EAT than the controls (P &lt; 0.001). The LVOT-PVCs and LV-PVCs had a higher left ventricle periventricular EAT volume (LV-EATv) proportion (P &lt; 0.05). The right ventricle periventricular EAT volume (RV-EATv) proportion was higher in ROVT-PVCs and LVOT-PVCs (P &lt; 0.05). RVOT-PVC patients had a higher volume ratio and a smaller density differential (P &lt; 0.05). Patients with LVOT-PVCs had a lower volume ratio and the LV-PVCs showed a greater density differential (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Higher volume and lower density of EAT were significantly associated with frequent PVCs. The RVOT-PVC patients had a higher volume ratio and a smaller density differential. The LVOT-PVCs had a lower volume ratio and the LV-PVCs showed a greater density differential. These suggest a link between EAT structural properties and PVCs and a potential role for regional EAT in the development of PVCs.
More is less: inducing sparsity via overparameterization
Authors: Chou Hung-Hsu , Maly Johannes , Rauhut Holger 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In deep learning, it is common to overparameterize neural networks, that is, to use more parameters than training samples. Quite surprisingly training the neural network via (stochastic) gradient descent leads to models that generalize very well, while classical statistics would suggest overfitting. In order to gain understanding of this implicit bias phenomenon, we study the special case of sparse recovery (compressed sensing) which is of interest on its own. More precisely, in order to reconstruct a vector from underdetermined linear measurements, we introduce a corresponding overparameterized square loss functional, where the vector to be reconstructed is deeply factorized into several vectors. We show that, if there exists an exact solution, vanilla gradient flow for the overparameterized loss functional converges to a good approximation of the solution of minimal $\ell _1$-norm. The latter is well-known to promote sparse solutions. As a by-product, our results significantly improve the sample complexity for compressed sensing via gradient flow/descent on overparameterized models derived in previous works. The theory accurately predicts the recovery rate in numerical experiments. Our proof relies on analyzing a certain Bregman divergence of the flow. This bypasses the obstacles caused by non-convexity and should be of independent interest.
A systematic literature review of milk consumption and associated bacterial zoonoses in East Africa
Authors: Mpatswenumugabo Jean Pierre , Mukasafari Marie Anne , Ndahetuye Jean Baptiste , Wredle Ewa , Båge Renée 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Consumption of unsafe animal-source foods is the major cause of foodborne disease outbreaks in low-income countries. Despite current knowledge of the threat posed by raw milk consumption to human health, people in many countries in East Africa still consume unboiled milk. This literature review explored the association between milk consumption and the occurrence of five milk-borne bacterial zoonoses: brucellosis, salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis, Escherichia coli infections, and tuberculosis. A search for literature published up to 1 October 2021 was conducted through the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases, using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The selection process yielded 65 articles describing studies conducted in East Africa 2010–2021, which were carefully scrutinized. The most investigated pathogen was Brucella spp. (54.5%), followed by E. coli (18.2%), Salmonella spp. (12.1%), Mycobacterium spp. (6.1%), and E. coli O157: H7 (6.1%). The most common predisposing factors for potential milk-borne disease outbreaks were consumption of contaminated raw milk, inadequate cold storage along the milk value chain, poor milk handling practices, and lack of awareness of the health risks of consuming unpasteurized milk. Thus, a tailor-made training program is needed for all milk value chain actors to enhance the safety of milk sold in informal markets, and a One Health approach should be applied. Future studies should employ more advanced diagnostic techniques and countries in East Africa should invest in modern diagnostic tools and equipment, both in hospitals and in local rural settings where most cases occur.
Enhancing toxic sugar meals against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) by adulterating with erythritol in combination with other active ingredients
Authors: Baker Kobi A , White Gregory S , Faraji Ary , Bibbs Christopher S 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSBs) are an underexploited method for mosquito control. For ATSBs to be more widely accepted, demonstrably effective ingredients need to be verified. We investigated erythritol as a toxic additive in sugar meals against Aedes aegypti (L.) for potential future use in ATSBs. Erythritol is a sugar alcohol that is commonly used as a sugar substitute, while also being toxic to mosquitoes. Our studies tested formulations of erythritol, sucrose, and blends of both. Secondary investigations included combinations with the active ingredients Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, spinosyn, and boric acid. Adult Ae. aegypti were separated into test groups and provided various combinations. Formulations containing erythritol, with or without another toxicant, exhibited 90% mortality within 72 h of observation (P = 0.03192). Additionally, erythritol appeared more effective when combined with sucrose in a 1:1 ratio (5% concentration each). This combination showed a 24% and 85% increase in mortality when combined with boric acid and Bti, respectively, at 48 h compared with equivalent groups containing only 10% sucrose. Erythritol appears to kill adult mosquitoes, even in relatively low concentrations, without another toxicant being required. However, erythritol also effectively enhances kill of main ingredient toxicants such as boric acid and Bti, showing a supporting role. The low concentration of erythritol needed to provide significant kill, its ability to fill in as both a sugar base and toxicant, and its ability to be safely handled by humans makes erythritol a strong candidate for use as a supporting ingredient in future bait formulations.
Thermomorphogenesis: opportunities and challenges in post-transcriptional regulation
Authors: Reis Rodrigo S 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Plants exposed to mildly elevated temperatures display morphological and developmental changes collectively termed thermomorphogenesis. This adaptative process has several undesirable consequences for food production, including yield reduction and increased vulnerability to pathogens. Understanding thermomorphogenesis is, thus, critical for understanding how plants will respond to conditions of increasingly warmer temperature, such as those caused by climate change. Recently, major advances in that direction have been made, and it has become apparent that plants resort to a broad range of molecules and molecular mechanisms to perceive and respond to increases in environmental temperature. However, most effort has been focused on regulation of transcription and protein abundance and activity, with an important gap encompassing nearly all processes involving RNA (i.e. post-transcriptional regulation). Here, current knowledge of thermomorphogenesis involving transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational regulation is summarized, focusing on opportunities and challenges in understanding post-transcriptional regulation—a fertile field for exciting new discoveries.
Beyond mediocrity: how common is life?
Authors: Balbi Amedeo , Lingam Manasvi 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
The probability that life spontaneously emerges in a suitable environment (abiogenesis) is one of the major unknowns in astrobiology. Assessing its value is impeded by the lack of an accepted theory for the origin of life, and is further complicated by the existence of selection biases. Appealing uncritically to some version of the ‘Principle of Mediocrity’ – namely, the supposed typicality of what transpired on Earth – is problematic on empirical or logical grounds. In this paper, we adopt a Bayesian statistical approach to put the inference of lower bounds for the probability of abiogenesis on a rigorous footing, based on current and future evidence. We demonstrate that the single datum that life has appeared at least once on Earth merely sets weak constraints on the minimal probability of abiogenesis. In fact, the a priori probability assigned to this event (viz., optimistic, pessimistic, or agnostic prior) exerts the strongest influence on the final result. We also show that the existence of a large number of habitable worlds does not necessarily imply, by itself, a high probability that life should be common in the universe. Instead, as delineated before, the choice of prior, which is subject to uncertainty (i.e. admits multiple scenarios), strongly influences the likelihood of life being common. If habitable worlds are uncommon, for an agnostic prior, a deterministic scenario for the origin of life might be favoured over one where abiogenesis is a fluke event.