bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversal in Output Current Direction of 4H‐SiC/Cu Tribovoltaic Nanogenerator as Controlled by Relative Humidity
Authors: Xia Jinchao , Berbille Andy , Luo Xiongxin , Li Jiayu , Wang Ziming , Zhu Laipan , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTribovoltaic nanogenerators (TVNG) represent a fantastic opportunity for developing low‐frequency energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing, by exploiting their real‐time direct‐current (DC) output. Here, a thorough study of the effect of relative humidity (RH) on a TVNG consisting of 4H‐SiC (n‐type) and metallic copper foil (SM‐TVNG) is presented. The SM‐TVNG shows a remarkable sensitivity to RH and an abnormal RH dependence. When RH increases from ambient humidity up to 80%, an increasing electrical output is observed. However, when RH rises from 80% to 98%, the signal output not only decreases, but its direction reverses as it crosses 90% RH. This behavior differs greatly from that of a Si‐based TVNG, whose output constantly increases with RH. The behavior of the SM‐TVNG might result from the competition between the built‐in electric field induced by metal‐semiconductor contact and a strong triboelectric electric field induced by solid‐liquid triboelectrification under high RH. The authors also demonstrated that both SM‐TVNG and Si‐based TVNG can work effectively as‐is even fully submerged in deionized water. This mechanism can affect other devices and be applied to design self‐powered sensors working under high RH or underwater.
Fluoride‐Free Synthesis of 2D Titanium Carbide (MXenes) Assisted by scCO2‐Based Ternary Solution
Authors: Liu Hao , Chen Biao‐Qi , Li Chang‐Yong , Fang Cun‐Jiong , Kankala Ranjith Kumar , Wang Shi‐Bin , Chen Ai‐Zheng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract2D MXene‐Ti3C2Tx holds great promise in various electronic applications, especially for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding devices and supercapacitors. Ti3C2Tx synthesis typically involves the use of hazardous fluorine‐containing chemicals that can result in the formation of inert fluoride functional groups on the surface of Ti3C2Tx, severely degrading its properties and posing a threat to the performance of electron transfer among electrical devices. Herein, a supercritical carbon dioxide‐based ternary solution (scCO2/DMSO/HCl) to produce fluoride‐free Ti3C2Tx in mild conditions (via 0.5 m HCl, 20 MPa, 32 °C) is reported. The fluorine‐free Ti3C2Tx films electrode presents an excellent gravimetric capacitance of 320 F g−1 at 2 mV s−1 in 1 m H2SO4. Besides, it is demonstrated that fluorine‐free Ti3C2Tx films exhibit outstanding EMI shielding efficiency of 53.12 dB at 2.5 µm thickness. The findings offer a mild and practical approach to producing fluoride‐free Ti3C2Tx and open opportunities for exploring MXenes’ potential applications in various fields.
Tuning the Cathode‐Electrolyte Interphase Chemistry with Multifunctional Additive for High‐Voltage Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lv Ling , Zhang Haikuo , Wang Jinze , Lu Di , Zhang Shuoqing , Li Ruhong , Deng Tao , Chen Lixin , Fan Xiulin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe utilization of layered oxides as cathode materials has significantly contributed to the advancement of the lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density and reliability. However, the structural and interfacial instability triggered by side reactions when charged to high voltage has plagued their practical applications. Here, this work reports a novel multifunctional additive, id est, 7‐Anilino‐3‐diethylamino‐6‐methyl fluoran (ADMF), which exhibits unique characteristics such as preferential adsorption, oxygen scavenging, and electropolymerization protection for high‐voltage cathodes. The ADMF demonstrates the capability to ameliorate the growth of cathode‐electrolyte interphase (CEI), effectively diminishing the dissolution of transition metal (TM) ions, reducing the interface impedance, and facilitating the Li+ transport. As a result, ADMF additive with side reaction‐blocking ability significantly enhances the cycling stability of MCMB||NCM811 full‐cells at 4.4 V and MCMB||LCO full‐cells at 4.55 V, as evidenced by the 80% retention over 600 cycles and 87% retention after 750 cycles, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of the additive design strategy to modulate the CEI chemistry, representing a new paradigm with profound implications for the development of next‐generation high‐voltage LIBs.
An Ultra‐Low‐Temperature Alternating Current Filter
Authors: Zhang Chenguang , Jiao Xin , Wang Yingyu , Ma Ke , Zhou Yunlong , Ma Yongchang , Wang Hua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTraditional alternating current filter based on aluminum electrolytic capacitors (AECs) suffer from abrupt drop of filtering capability at ultra‐low temperatures (≤−30 °C), which greatly hinders the reliable working of electronics at extremely cold conditions. Herein, an ultra‐low‐temperature alternating current (AC) filter for the first time enabled by high‐frequency supercapacitor based on covalently bonded hollow carbon onion‐graphene hybrid structure is reported. It is found that the covalent bonding junctions enable high electronic conductivity and efficient ion adsorption/desorption behavior in the hybrid structure. Moreover, the hybrid structure owns positive curvature and shallows pores for fast ion diffusion kinetics. Consequently, the supercapacitor exhibits a record short resistor‐capacitor time constant (τRC) of 0.098 ms at 120 Hz at room temperature. Combining with low‐melting‐point electrolyte, the supercapacitor possesses excellent filtering capability and can output stable direct current signal with low fluctuation coefficients in a temperature range of −50 to 0 °C. More interestingly, the filter presents high negative phase angle, low dissipation factor, short τRC, and high capacitance retention below −30 °C, whereas AEC cannot work properly owing to its phase angle<45°. This work realizes the fabrication of an ultra‐low‐temperature AC filter, which presents a critical step forward for promoting the development of ultra‐low‐temperature electronics.
Interphase Stabilization of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode for 5 V‐Class All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Lee Dongsoo , Cui Zehao , Goodenough John B. , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEmploying high voltage cobalt‐free spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) as a cathode is promising for high energy density and cost‐effectiveness, but it has challenges in all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs). Here, it is revealed that the limitation of lithium argyrodite sulfide solid electrolyte (Li6PS5Cl) with the LNMO cathode is due to the intrinsic chemical incompatibility and poor oxidative stability. Through a careful analysis of the interphase of LNMO, it is elucidated that even the halide solid electrolyte (Li3InCl6) with high oxidative stability can be decomposed to form resistive interphase layers with LNMO in ASSBs. Interestingly, with Fe‐doping and a Li3PO4 protective layer coating, LNMO with Li3InCl6 displays stable cycle performance with a stabilized interphase at a high voltage (≈4.7 V) in ASSBs. The enhanced interfacial stability with the extended electrochemical stability window through doping and coating enables high electrochemical stability with LNMO in ASSBs. This work provides guidance for employing high‐voltage cathodes in ASSBs and highlights the importance of stable interphases to enable stable cycling in ASSBs.
Iron 3D‐Orbital Configuration Dependent Electron Transfer for Efficient Fenton‐Like Catalysis
Authors: Wu Yijie , Wang Xin , She Tiantian , Li Taozhu , Wang Yunheng , Xu Zhe , Jin Xin , Song Haiou , Yang Shaogui , Li Shiyin , Yan Shicheng , He Huan , Zhang Limin , Zou Zhigang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTransition metals are excellent active sites to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for water treatment, but the favorable electronic structures governing reaction mechanism still remain elusive. Herein, the authors construct typical d‐orbital configurations on iron octahedral (FeOh) and tetrahedral (FeTd) sites in spinel ZnFe2O4 and FeAl2O4, respectively. ZnFe2O4 (136.58 min−1 F−1 cm2) presented higher specific activity than FeAl2O4 (97.47 min−1 F−1 cm2) for tetracycline removal by PMS activation. Considering orbital features of charge amount, spin state, and orbital arrangement by magnetic spectroscopic analysis, ZnFe2O4 has a larger bond order to decompose PMS. Using this descriptor, high‐spin FeOh is assumed to activate PMS mainly to produce nonradical reactive oxygen species (ROS) while high‐spin FeTd prefers to induce radical species. This hypothesis is confirmed by the selective predominant ROS of 1O2 on ZnFe2O4 and O2•− on FeAl2O4 via quenching experiments. Electrochemical determinations reveal that FeOh has superior capability than FeTd for feasible valence transformation of iron cations and fast interfacial electron transfer. DFT calculations further suggest octahedral d‐orbital configuration of ZnFe2O4 is beneficial to enhancing Fe‐O covalence for electron exchange. This work attempts to understand the d‐orbital configuration‐dependent PMS activation to design efficient catalysts.
Chaperone Mimetic Strategy for Achieving Organic Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence based on Confined Supramolecular Assembly
Authors: Zuo Minzan , Li Tinghan , Feng Haohui , Wang Kaiya , Zhao Yue , Wang Leyong , Hu Xiao‐Yu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe development of organic materials that deliver room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is highly interesting for potential applications such as anticounterfeiting, optoelectronic devices, and bioimaging. Herein, a molecular chaperone strategy for controlling isolated chromophores to achieve high‐performance RTP is demonstrated. Systematic experiments coupled with theoretical evidence reveal that the host plays a similar role as a molecular chaperone that anchors the chromophores for limited nonradiative decay and directs the proper conformation of guests for enhanced intersystem crossing through noncovalent interactions. For deduction of structure–property relationships, various structure‐related descriptors that correlate with the RTP performance are identified, thus offering the possibility to quantitatively design and predict the phosphorescent behaviors of these systems. Furthermore, application in thermal printing is well realized for these RTP materials. The present work discloses an effective strategy for efficient construction of organic RTP materials, delivering a modular model which is expected to help expand the diversity of desirable RTP systems.
Understanding the prototype catalyst TiO2 surface with the help of density functional theory calculation
Authors: Wang Ruimin , Wang Binli , Abdullahi Abubakar Sadiq , Fan Hongjun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most technologically promising oxides with a broad range of catalytic and photocatalytic activities. Theoretical modeling, especially density functional theory calculations, has been extensively carried out to understand the geometric structure, electronic structure, reactivity, and reaction mechanisms of TiO2 systems, as well as to develop new catalysts with improved performances. This review summarizes the recent theoretical progress on the well‐defined surfaces of TiO2 crystalline, and focuses on the structures, adsorptions, and reactions on the surface and at the interface. The theoretical methods and models, surface defects, surface doping, water splitting and H2 evolution, methanol conversion, CO2 reduction and CO oxidation, SOx and NOx degradation, CH4 conversion, organic pollutant degradation, CH bond activation and CC bond formation, dye sensitization, as well as the applications of TiO2 in some other fields, have been discussed in detail.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Matmandatory approximaterials Science
Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
Introduction—How Swiss Foreign Aid for International Development Benefits Agricultural Development Across Asia
Authors: Wehmeyer Helena , Singleton Grant Robert , Connor Melanie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn most of South and South East Asia and the Pacific, (For geographical descriptions, CGIAR regions are used. https://www.cgiar.org/research/cgiar-regions/) rice is the staple food crop. It is predominantly cultivated by smallholder farmers. Although the Green Revolution has modernized rice agriculture considerably, farmers today face the consequences of decades-long unsustainable natural resource use. Environmental degradation has become prevalent and climate change is exacerbating the current challenges. In this context, the diffusion of agricultural best management practices and technologies is crucial for ensuring rural livelihoods and global food security. The ‘Closing Rice Yield Gaps in Asia with Reduced Environmental Footprint’ (CORIGAP) project (2013–2023) funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) aimed to improve rice farmers’ productivity and profitability in five South East Asian countries and one South Asian country by disseminating sustainable agriculture practices and technologies. The Irrigated Rice Research Consortium (1997–2012), also funded by the SDC, provided a strong platform for the CORIGAP project with national partners already in place in five of the six countries. As of 2022, more than 780,000 farmers were reached through CORIGAP. Mean rice yield and mean income increased by more than 10% for smallholder families. Through CORIGAP, SDC provided a strong platform for farmers to adopt best management practices for producing lowland irrigated rice. These practices, in turn, significantly reduced the use of pesticides, increased the efficiency of nutrient and water use, and decreased postharvest losses.
Carbon Footprint Reduction from Closing Rice Yield Gaps
Authors: Nguyen-Van-Hung  , Ha-An Nguyen Thi , Singleton Grant Robert , Connor Melanie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRice production significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE), especially methane (CH4) emissions at various cropping stages. A major source of methane emissions is the decomposition of fertilizers and organic residues in flooded fields during the irrigation cycle. CORIGAP technologies and practices are mainly associated with closing yield gaps by increasing productivity and profitability but have been co-designed to address climatic challenges and to minimize negative environmental impacts. Therefore, over the last decade, the CORIGAP interventions not only helped to reduce yield gaps substantially but also resulted in a significant reduction of the carbon footprint (CF) in rice production. This chapter starts with an in-depth synthesis of scientific-based evidence and knowledge on challenges and constraints to reducing rice CF in CORIGAP countries. The chapter introduces solutions that have been proven to reduce GHGE, in particular, Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD), rice-straw management, mechanization, and postharvest management. The latter two approaches include laser land leveling, mechanized direct seeding and transplanting, and paddy grain drying will be described in more detail. In addition, life cycle assessments will outline the quantification of the carbon footprint in rice production, for these specific technologies. The chapter presents three country case studies (Thailand, Indonesia, and Vietnam) from data collected through CORIGAP activities to estimate GHGE reductions associated with implementation of best practices for lowland irrigated rice production. Lastly, this chapter provides the outcomes related to GHGE reduction and offers specific recommendations that can be easily implemented in other countries.
The celestial chiral algebra of self-dual gravity on Eguchi-Hanson space
Authors: Bittleston Roland , Heuveline Simon , Skinner David 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We consider the twistor description of classical self-dual Einstein gravity in the presence of a defect operator wrapping a certain ℂℙ1. The backreaction of this defect deforms the flat twistor space to that of Eguchi-Hanson space. We show that the celestial chiral algebra of self-dual gravity on the Eguchi-Hanson background is likewise deformed to become the loop algebra of a certain scaling limit of the family of W(μ)-algebras, where the scaling limit is controlled by the radius of the Eguchi-Hanson core. We construct this algebra by computing the Poisson algebra of holomorphic functions on the deformed twistor space, and check this result with a space-time calculation of the leading contribution to the gravitational splitting function. The loop algebra of a general W(μ)-algebra (away from the scaling limit) similarly arises as the celestial chiral algebra of Moyal-deformed self-dual gravity on Eguchi-Hanson space. We also obtain corresponding results for self-dual Yang-Mills.
Chronic inflammatory effects of in vivo irradiation of the murine heart on endothelial cells mimic mechanisms involved in atherosclerosis
Authors: Wittmann Andrea , Bartels Anna , Alkotub Bayan , Bauer Lisa , Kafshgari Morteza Hasanzadeh , Multhoff Gabriele 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Radiotherapy is a major pillar in the treatment of solid tumors including breast cancer. However, epidemiological studies have revealed an increase in cardiac diseases approximately a decade after exposure of the thorax to ionizing irradiation, which might be related to vascular inflammation. Therefore, chronic inflammatory effects were examined in primary heart and lung endothelial cells (ECs) of mice after local heart irradiation.

Methods
Long-lasting effects on primary ECs of the heart and lung were studied 20–50 weeks after local irradiation of the heart of mice (8 and 16 Gy) in vivo by multiparameter flow cytometry using antibodies directed against cell surface markers related to proliferation, stemness, lipid metabolism, and inflammation, and compared to those induced by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery.

Results
In vivo irradiation of the complete heart caused long-lasting persistent upregulation of inflammatory (HCAM, ICAM‑1, VCAM-1), proliferation (CD105), and lipid (CD36) markers on primary heart ECs and an upregulation of ICAM‑1 and VCAM‑1 on primary ECs of the partially irradiated lung lobe. An artificially induced heart infarction induces similar effects with respect to inflammatory markers, albeit in a shorter time period.

Conclusion
The long-lasting upregulation of prominent inflammatory markers on primary heart and lung ECs suggests that local heart irradiation induces chronic inflammation in the microvasculature of the heart and partially irradiated lung that leads to cardiac injury which might be related to altered lipid metabolism in the heart.
Microbiome of Zoophytophagous Biological Control Agent Nesidiocoris tenuis
Authors: Owashi Yuta , Minami Toma , Kikuchi Taisei , Yoshida Akemi , Nakano Ryohei , Kageyama Daisuke , Adachi-Hagimori Tetsuya 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMany insects are associated with endosymbionts that influence the feeding, reproduction, and distribution of their hosts. Although the small green mirid, Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), a zoophytophagous predator that feeds on plants as well as arthropods, is a globally important biological control agent, its microbiome has not been sufficiently studied. In the present study, we assessed the microbiome variation in 96 N. tenuis individuals from 14 locations throughout Japan, based on amplicon sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Nine major bacteria associated with N. tenuis were identified: Rickettsia, two strains of Wolbachia, Spiroplasma, Providencia, Serratia, Pseudochrobactrum, Lactococcus, and Stenotrophomonas. Additionally, a diagnostic PCR analysis for three typical insect reproductive manipulators, Rickettsia, Wolbachia, and Spiroplasma, was performed on a larger sample size (n = 360) of N. tenuis individuals; the most prevalent symbiont was Rickettsia (69.7%), followed by Wolbachia (39.2%) and Spiroplasma (6.1%). Although some symbionts were co-infected, their prevalence did not exhibit any specific tendency, such as a high frequency in specific infection combinations. The infection frequency of Rickettsia was significantly correlated with latitude and temperature, while that of Wolbachia and Spiroplasma was significantly correlated with host plants. The predominance of these bacteria and the absence of obligate symbionts suggested that the N. tenuis microbiome is typical for predatory arthropods rather than sap-feeding insects. Rickettsia and Wolbachia were vertically transmitted rather than horizontally transmitted from the prey. The functional validation of each symbiont would be warranted to develop N. tenuis as a biological control agent.
Deep learning-based detection and quantification of brain metastases on black-blood imaging can provide treatment suggestions: a clinical cohort study
Authors: Jeong Hana , Park Ji Eun , Kim NakYoung , Yoon Shin-Kyo , Kim Ho Sung 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objectives
We aimed to evaluate whether deep learning–based detection and quantification of brain metastasis (BM) may suggest treatment options for patients with BMs.

Methods
The deep learning system (DLS) for detection and quantification of BM was developed in 193 patients and applied to 112 patients that were newly detected on black-blood contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging. Patients were assigned to one of 3 treatment suggestion groups according to the European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO)-European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) recommendations using number and volume of the BMs detected by the DLS: short-term imaging follow-up without treatment (group A), surgery or stereotactic radiosurgery (limited BM, group B), or whole-brain radiotherapy or systemic chemotherapy (extensive BM, group C). The concordance between the DLS-based groups and clinical decisions was analyzed with or without consideration of targeted agents. The performance of distinguishing high-risk (B + C) was calculated.

Results
Among 112 patients (mean age 64.3 years, 63 men), group C had the largest number and volume of BM, followed by group B (4.4 and 851.6 mm3) and A (1.5 and 15.5 mm3). The DLS-based groups were concordant with the actual clinical decisions, with an accuracy of 76.8% (86 of 112). Modified accuracy considering targeted agents was 81.3% (91 of 112). The DLS showed 95% (82/86) sensitivity and 81% (21/26) specificity for distinguishing the high risk.

Conclusion
DLS-based detection and quantification of BM have the potential to be helpful in the determination of treatment options for both low- and high-risk groups of limited and extensive BMs.

Clinical relevance statement
For patients with newly diagnosed brain metastasis, deep learning–based detection and quantification may be used in clinical settings where prompt and accurate treatment decisions are required, which can lead to better patient outcomes.

Key Points
• Deep learning–based brain metastasis detection and quantification showed excellent agreement with ground-truth classifications.
• By setting an algorithm to suggest treatment based on the number and volume of brain metastases detected by the deep learning system, the concordance was 81.3%.
• When dividing patients into low- and high-risk groups, the sensitivity for detecting the latter was 95%.