bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical expertise: the role of domain-specific knowledge for memory and creativity
Authors: Meier Michaela A. , Gross Franz , Vogel Stephan E. , Grabner Roland H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn contrast to traditional expertise domains like chess and music, very little is known about the cognitive mechanisms in broader, more education-oriented domains like mathematics. This is particularly true for the role of mathematical experts’ knowledge for domain-specific information processing in memory as well as for domain-specific and domain-general creativity. In the present work, we compared 115 experts in mathematics with 109 gender, age, and educational level matched novices in their performance in (a) a newly developed mathematical memory task requiring encoding and recall of structured and unstructured information and (b) tasks drawing either on mathematical or on domain-general creativity. Consistent with other expertise domains, experts in mathematics (compared to novices) showed superior short-term memory capacity for complex domain-specific material when presented in a structured, meaningful way. Further, experts exhibited higher mathematical creativity than novices, but did not differ from them in their domain-general creativity. Both lines of findings demonstrate the importance of experts’ knowledge base in processing domain-specific material and provide new insights into the characteristics of mathematical expertise.
Evaluating anti-thymocyte globulin induction doses for better allograft and patient survival in Asian kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Shim Ye Eun , Ko Youngmin , Lee Jung Pyo , Jeon Jin Seok , Jun Heungman , Yang Jaeseok , Kim Myoung Soo , Lim Seong Jun , Kwon Hye Eun , Jung Joo Hee , Kwon Hyunwook , Kim Young Hoon , Lee Jungbok , Shin Sung ,   the Korean Organ Transplantation Registry (KOTRY) study group, Kong Jin Min , Kwon Oh Jung , Kim Deok Gie , Jung Cheol Woong , Kim Yeong Hoon , Kim Joong Kyung , Kim Chan-Duck , Min Ji Won , Lee Sik , Park Yeon Ho , Park Jae Berm , Park Jung Hwan , Park Jong-Won , Ban Tae Hyun , Song Sang Heon , Song Seung Hwan , Shin Ho Sik , Yang Chul Woo , Yoon Hye Eun , Lee Kang Wook , Lee Dong Ryeol , Lee Dong Won , Oh Jieun , Lee Sang-Ho , Lee Su Hyung , Lee Yu Ho , Lee Jeong-Hoon , Jeong Kyung Hwan , Chung Ku Yong , Lee Jong Soo , Ki Ju Man , Chae Dong-Wan , Choi Soo Jin Na , Han Seungyeup , Huh Kyu Ha 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAnti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) is currently the most widely prescribed induction regimen for preventing acute rejection after solid organ transplantation. However, the optimal dose of ATG induction regimen in Asian kidney recipients is unclear. Using the Korean Organ Transplantation Registry, we performed a retrospective cohort study of 4579 adult patients who received renal transplantation in South Korea and divided them into three groups according to the induction regimen: basiliximab group (n = 3655), low-dose ATG group (≤ 4.5 mg/kg; n = 467), and high-dose ATG group (> 4.5 mg/kg; n = 457). We applied the Toolkit for Weighting and Analysis of Nonequivalent Groups (TWANG) package to generate high-quality propensity score weights for intergroup comparisons. During four-year follow-ups, the high-dose ATG group had the highest biopsy-proven acute rejection rate (basiliximab 20.8% vs. low-dose ATG 22.4% vs. high-dose ATG 25.6%; P < 0.001). However, the rates of overall graft failure (4.0% vs. 5.0% vs. 2.6%; P < 0.001) and mortality (1.7% vs. 2.8% vs. 1.0%; P < 0.001) were the lowest in the high-dose ATG group. Our results show that high-dose ATG induction (> 4.5 mg/kg) was superior to basiliximab and low-dose ATG induction in terms of graft and patient survival in Asian patients undergoing kidney transplant.
Application of multi-echo Dixon and MRS in quantifying hepatic fat content and staging liver fibrosis
Authors: Jiang Yanli , Zou Jie , Fan Fengxian , Yang Pin , Ma Laiyang , Gan Tiejun , Wang Shaoyu , Zhang Jing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study associated the liver proton density fat fraction (PDFF), measured by multi-echo Dixon (ME-Dixon) and breath-hold single-voxel high-speed T2-corrected multi-echo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HISTO) at 1.5 T, with serum biomarkers and liver fibrosis stages. This prospective study enrolled 75 patients suspected of liver fibrosis and scheduled for liver biopsy and 23 healthy participants with normal liver function. The participant underwent ME-Dixon and HISTO scanning. The agreement of PDFF measured by ME-Dixon (PDFF-D) and HISTO (PDFF-H) were compared. Correlations between PDFF and serum fat biomarkers (total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high- and low-density lipoproteins) and the liver fibrosis stages were assessed. PDFF were compared among the liver fibrosis stages (F0–F4) based on clinical liver biopsies. The Bland–Altman plot showed agreement between PDFF-D and PDFF-H(LoA, − 4.44 to 6.75), which have high consistency (ICC 0.752, P < 0.001). The correlations with the blood serum markers were mild to moderate (PDFF-H: r = 0.261–0.410, P < 0.01; PDFF-D: r = 0.265–0.367, P < 0.01). PDFF-D, PDFF-H, and steatosis were distributed similarly among the liver fibrosis stages. PDFF-H showed a slight negative correlation with the liver fibrosis stages (r = − 0.220, P = 0.04). Both ME-Dixon and HISTO sequences measured liver fat content noninvasively. Liver fat content was not directly associated with liver fibrosis stages.
Spiritual practices predict migration behavior
Authors: Auer Daniel , Gereke Johanna , Schaub Max 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEach year, several thousand migrants from sub-Saharan Africa lose their lives attempting to reach Europe’s southern shores. Social scientists and policymakers have puzzled over the question of why so many people are willing to take this extremely high risk of dying. Drawing on panel data from over 10,000 individuals collected over the course of 1 year in The Gambia—a country with one of the highest emigration rates in the world—we show that consulting a local healer for spiritual protection predicts migration outcomes. Furthermore, we find that spiritual practices are strongly associated with a decreased perception of one's own risk of dying on the migration journey. Our findings demonstrate the relevance of ideational factors in explaining risky migration choices, and point to spiritual leaders as important interlocutors for migration policy makers.
Monitoring within-farm transmission dynamics of antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter in dairy cattle using broth microdilution and long-read whole genome sequencing
Authors: Ocejo Medelin , Oporto Beatriz , Lavín José Luis , Hurtado Ana 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCampylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are important foodborne zoonotic pathogens and cause for concern due to the increasing trend in antimicrobial resistance. A long-run surveillance study was conducted in animals from different age groups in five dairy cattle farms to investigate the within-farm diversity and transmission dynamics of resistant Campylobacter throughout time. The resistance phenotype of the circulating isolates (170 C. jejuni and 37 C. coli) was determined by broth microdilution and a selection of 56 isolates were whole genome sequenced using the Oxford-Nanopore long-fragment sequencing technology resulting in completely resolved and circularized genomes (both chromosomes and plasmids). C. jejuni was isolated from all farms while C. coli was isolated from only two farms, but resistance rates were higher in C. coli than in C. jejuni and in calves than in adult animals. Some genotypes (e.g. ST-48, gyrA_T86I/tet(O)/blaOXA-61 in farm F1; ST-12000, aadE-Cc/tet(O)/blaOXA-489 in F4) persisted throughout the study while others were only sporadically detected. Acquisition of extracellular genes from other isolates and intracellular mutational events were identified as the processes that led to the emergence of the resistant genotypes that spread within the herds. Monitoring with Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing helped to decipher the complex molecular epidemiology underlying the within-farm dissemination of resistant Campylobacter.
Quantum violation of LGI under an energy constraint for different scenarios systems
Authors: Zhang Yuxia , Tan Xiangguan , Qiu Tianhui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a qubit in four scenarios: with drive, without drive, and in the presence of dissipation and dephasing, to investigate the quantum violation of the Leggett–Garg inequality (LGI) in an energy constraint. In the case of the energy constraint, we find that under the coarsening measurement in reference and final resolution, the quantum violation of the LGI for the pure qubit is the most robust; on the other hand, the quantum violation of the LGI for the dephasing qubit is the most vulnerable, and the quantum violation of the LGI for driven qubit lies between that of pure qubit and dissipation qubit. Under the coarsening of measurement temporal reference, the quantum violation of the LGI for the pure qubit is more robust than that of the qubit with driven. Moreover, in the case of a qubit that is subjected to driving and is in the presence of dissipation and dephasing, the robustness of quantum violations of the LGI for these scenario systems will become vulnerable, with the driven intensity and the rate of spontaneous emission increasing, respectively, for coarsening measurement both in reference and in final resolution. In addition, in the energy constraint and the projective measurement, the LGI can attain its maximum violation value, 1.5, for the coherent dynamics; while for drive, dissipative and dephasing qubits, the LGI cannot attain the value of 1.5. For systems in the presence of dissipation and dephasing, we find that in the energy constraint, the robustness of the coarsening measurement in final resolution exhibits more vulnerable than that of the coarsening measurement in reference. And for systems with drive and without drive, the robustness of the coarsening measurement in temporal reference is the most robust, and the robustness of the coarsening of measurement final measurement resolution is the most vulnerable.
Urinary growth differentiation factor 15 predicts renal function decline in diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Oshita Toma , Watanabe Shun , Toyohara Takafumi , Kujirai Ryota , Kikuchi Koichi , Suzuki Takehiro , Suzuki Chitose , Matsumoto Yotaro , Wada Jun , Tomioka Yoshihisa , Tanaka Tetsuhiro , Abe Takaaki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSensitive biomarkers can enhance the diagnosis, prognosis, and surveillance of chronic kidney disease (CKD), such as diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Plasma growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) levels are a novel biomarker for mitochondria-associated diseases; however, it may not be a useful indicator for CKD as its levels increase with declining renal function. This study explores urinary GDF15’s potential as a marker for CKD. The plasma and urinary GDF15 as well as 15 uremic toxins were measured in 103 patients with CKD. The relationship between the urinary GDF15-creatinine ratio and the uremic toxins and other clinical characteristics was investigated. Urinary GDF15-creatinine ratios were less related to renal function and uremic toxin levels compared to plasma GDF15. Additionally, the ratios were significantly higher in patients with CKD patients with diabetes (p = 0.0012) and reduced with statin treatment. In a different retrospective DKD cohort study (U-CARE, n = 342), multiple and logistic regression analyses revealed that the baseline urinary GDF15-creatinine ratios predicted a decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over 2 years. Compared to the plasma GDF15 level, the urinary GDF15-creatinine ratio is less dependent on renal function and sensitively fluctuates with diabetes and statin treatment. It may serve as a good prognostic marker for renal function decline in patients with DKD similar to the urine albumin-creatinine ratio.
Unique patterns of medial meniscus extrusion during walking and its association with limb kinematics in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Ishii Yosuke , Ishikawa Masakazu , Nakashima Yuko , Hashizume Takato , Okamoto Saeko , Kamei Goki , Okada Kaoru , Takagi Kazuya , Takahashi Makoto , Adachi Nobuo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMedial meniscus extrusion (MME) is exacerbated by repeated mechanical stress. Various factors would affect MME; however, there is limited information about the behaviour of the medial meniscus during walking in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). This study aimed to investigate the pattern of MME during walking and its association with limb biomechanics in patients with KOA. Fifty-five patients with KOA and ten older adult volunteers as a control group were involved in this study. The MME and limb biomechanics during walking were evaluated simultaneously by ultrasound and a motion analysis system, respectively. The waveform was constructed from the values of MME, and the point showing the highest value of MME was identified during the gait cycle. According to the peak timing of MME in the waveform, the pattern of the waveform was evaluated and compared to the control group. Lateral thrust, knee adduction moment (KAM), and flexion moment were obtained from motion analysis, and their association with the MME was evaluated. The patients with KOA demonstrated unique peak timing during walking. Compared to the control group, there were three groups of MME waveforms, early (< 59%), normal (60–83%), and late (> 84%) from the peak timing in the gait cycle. The pattern of MME waveform in early, normal, and late groups was correlated with the first KAM and lateral thrust, second KAM, and knee flexion moment, respectively. A unique MME pattern during walking was demonstrated, and these patterns were associated with limb biomechanics in patients with KOA.
A new fasciocutaneous flap model identifies a critical role for endothelial Notch signaling in wound healing and flap survival
Authors: Dastagir Khaled , Gamrekelashvili Jaba , Dastagir Nadjib , Limbourg Anne , Kijas Dustin , Kapanadze Tamar , Vogt Peter M. , Limbourg Florian P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFlap surgery is a common treatment for severe wounds and a major determinant of surgical outcome. Flap survival and healing depends on adaptation of the local flap vasculature. Using a novel and defined model of fasciocutaneous flap surgery, we demonstrate that the Notch ligand Delta-like 1 (Dll1), expressed in vascular endothelial cells, regulates flap arteriogenesis, inflammation and flap survival. Utilizing the stereotyped anatomy of dorsal skin arteries, ligation of the major vascular pedicle induced strong collateral vessel development by end-to-end anastomosis in wildtype mice, which supported flap perfusion recovery over time. In mice with heterozygous deletion of Dll1, collateral vessel formation was strongly impaired, resulting in aberrant vascularization and subsequent necrosis of the tissue. Furthermore, Dll1 deficient mice showed severe inflammation in the flap dominated by monocytes and macrophages. This process is controlled by endothelial Dll1 in vivo, since the results were recapitulated in mice with endothelial-specific deletion of Dll1. Thus, our model provides a platform to study vascular adaptation to flap surgery and molecular and cellular regulators influencing flap healing and survival.
LC–MS/MS-based quantification of tryptophan, kynurenine, and kynurenic acid in human placental, fetal membranes, and umbilical cord samples
Authors: Pedraz-Petrozzi Bruno , Marszalek-Grabska Marta , Kozub Anna , Szalaj Klaudia , Trzpil Alicja , Stachniuk Anna , Lamadé Eva Kathrin , Gilles Maria , Deuschle Michael , Turski Waldemar A. , Fornal Emilia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTryptophan breakdown metabolites formed along the kynurenine pathway play a significant role in pregnancy and fetal development. To understand their involvement, it is crucial to quantify the levels of tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), and kynurenic acid (KYNA) in relevant biological samples such as the placenta, fetal membranes, and umbilical cord. This study used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) to determine TRP, KYN, and KYNA levels. The LC–MS/MS method was optimized for high sensitivity and specificity, demonstrating good reproducibility with a precision of < 10% CV and an accuracy of 85–115%. The lower limit of quantification for both TRP and KYN was 0.5 µg/ml, while for KYNA, it was 0.5 ng/mL. The method exhibited linearity within the examined range of concentrations in the homogenate, ranging from 0.5 to 30 µg/ml for TRP and KYN and from 0.5 to 25 ng/ml for KYNA. Using this method, we found significant differences in the concentrations of these substances in investigated maternal–fetal compartments. Placenta samples exhibited higher KYN and lower KYNA concentrations than the umbilical cord and fetal membrane, indicating a potentially important role for kynurenines in late pregnancy. Collectively, this finding may facilitate further research and provide inside into the involvement of the kynurenine pathway of TRP metabolism in fetal development.
Similar simulation of overburden movement characteristics under paste filling mining conditions
Authors: Wu Pengfei , Zhao Jihe , Jin Jiaxu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe method of filling mining can solve the problem of surface subsidence caused by coal mining. Among them, it is crucial to study the mechanism of filler strength improvement timeliness and filler mining to control rock movement for filler mining. In this paper, by combining theoretical analysis and similar simulation experiments, compressive strength is used as the research parameter to conduct proportioning test research on paste filling similar materials such as coal gangue, fly ash, and cement. The results prove that the strengths of the test ratios can meet the strength design criteria and lay the foundation for the requirements of similar simulation experiments. In order to study the characteristics of overburden failure, stress and displacement in the process of filling mining, the key technical parameters of overburden movement are determined. Similar simulation experiments were conducted to study the movement and deformation of overburden rock and the displacement and stress distribution law of overburden rock in the coal mine under different filling rates and filling steps conditions. The results show that the filling rate and filling step are the keys to preventing the overlying rock from rupture and collapse, and the larger the filling rate is, the smaller the stress and displacement of the overburden; the larger the filling step is, the larger the displacement and stress change of the overburden, and vice versa. In addition, the displacement curve along the strike is basically an "arch" type distribution, and the stress variation trend is "large-small-large" with a "Z" type distribution. The research results are of great significance to guide the practice of filling mining and can provide the theoretical basis for its further promotion.
Gut microbiome and nutrition-related predictors of response to immunotherapy in cancer: making sense of the puzzle
Authors: Hes Cecilia , Jagoe R. Thomas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe gut microbiome is emerging as an important predictor of response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy for patients with cancer. However, several nutrition-related patient characteristics, which are themselves associated with changes in gut microbiome, are also prognostic markers for ICI treatment response and survival. Thus, increased abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, Phascolarctobacterium, Bifidobacterium and Rothia in stool are consistently associated with better response to ICI treatment. A. muciniphila is also more abundant in stool in patients with higher muscle mass, and muscle mass is a strong positive prognostic marker in cancer, including after ICI treatment. This review explores the complex inter-relations between the gut microbiome, diet and patient nutritional status and the correlations with response to ICI treatment. Different multivariate approaches, including archetypal analysis, are discussed to help identify the combinations of features which may select patients most likely to respond to ICI treatment.
Radiation-induced photodynamic therapy using calcium tungstate nanoparticles and 5-aminolevulinic acid prodrug
Authors: Viswanath Dhushyanth , Shin Sung-Ho , Yoo Jin , Torregrosa-Allen Sandra E. , Harper Haley A. , Cervantes Heidi E. , Elzey Bennett D. , Won You-Yeon 
Published: August 2023

Poly(ethylene glycol-b-lactic acid)(PEG–PLA)-encapsulated CaWO4 nanoparticles represent a novel tool that can enhance the applicability of 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) from surface-level tumors to deep-seated tumors.
Manipulating the metal-to-insulator transitions of VO2 by combining compositing and doping strategies
Authors: Zhou Xuanchi , Li Haifan , Shang Yanlong , Meng Fanqi , Li Ziang , Meng Kangkang , Wu Yong , Xu Xiaoguang , Jiang Yong , Chen Nuofu , Chen Jikun 
Published: August 2023

The simultaneous regulations of the mechanical strength and the metal-to-insulator transition are achieved in the VO2 bulk, respectively, via compositing VO2 with high-melting-point oxides and substituting vanadium with high-valent dopants.
Synthesis of tuneable gold nanostars: the role of adenosine monophosphate
Authors: Fernández-Lodeiro Carlos , Fernández-Lodeiro Javier , Fernández-Lodeiro Adrián , Nuti Silvia , Lodeiro Carlos , LaGrow Alec , Pérez-Juste Ignacio , Pérez-Juste Jorge , Pastoriza-Santos Isabel 
Published: August 2023

Gold nanostars with tuneable optical properties are synthesizedviaa seed-mediated approach employing adenosine monophosphate (AMP) as a capping ligand. AMP directs the reduction of the gold salt and mediates the anisotropic nanoparticle growth.
Diabetes-Technologie und Digitalisierung in der stationären Diabetologie: Time to act
Authors: Tan Susanne , Heinemann Lutz , Kordonouri Olga , Lobmann Ralf , Menzen Markus , Raile Klemens , Werner Thomas , Kulzer Bernhard 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland sind 304 stationäre Einrichtungen (inkl. 74 Pädiatrien) auf die Versorgung von Menschen mit Diabetes spezialisiert. Die Mehrheit der Diabetolog:innen DDG (2.521/4.267, 59%) ist im Krankenhaus tätig 11. Die stationäre Diabetologie steht vor vielfältigen Herausforderungen: schwierige finanzielle Rahmenbedingungen, ein unzureichendes Bewusstsein für die Relevanz von Diabetes auf die Gesundheit der Patient:innen im stationären Setting, inkonsequente Diabetestherapie, prozessuale Hindernisse und eine abnehmende Anzahl an ausbildenden Kliniken. Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung und Verfügbarkeit neuer Diabetestechnologien eröffnet ein neues Feld an Herausforderungen und bietet jedoch gleichzeitig die Chance, Diabetesmanagement im Krankenhaus neu zu gestalten und die alten Probleme mit neuen Mitteln zu lösen. Ziel dieses Positionspapiers ist es, die komplexe Situation, die Vielfalt offener Themen und die besonderen Chancen der Diabetestechnologie zu umreißen und so eine Diskussion für eine Plattform für Diabetolog:innen des stationären Sektors und eine holistische Strategie des digitalisierten Diabetesmangements zur Optimierung und Sicherung der stationären Diabetesversorgung anzuregen.