bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent trends in asthma diagnosis, preschool wheeze diagnosis and asthma exacerbations in English children and adolescents: a SABINA Jr study
Authors: Kallis Constantinos , Maslova Ekaterina , Morgan Ann D , Sinha Ian , Roberts Graham , van der Valk Ralf J P , Quint Jennifer K , Tran Trung N 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundAsthma-related burden remains poorly characterised in children in the UK. We quantified recent trends in asthma prevalence and burden in a UK population-based cohort (1‒17-year-olds).MethodsThe Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum database (2008‒2018) was used to assess annual asthma incidence and prevalence in 1‒17-year-olds and preschool wheeze in 1‒5-year-olds, stratified by sex and age. During the same period, annual asthma exacerbation rates were assessed in those with either a diagnosis of preschool wheeze or asthma.ResultsAnnual asthma incidence rates decreased by 51% from 1403.4 (95% CI 1383.7 to 1423.2) in 2008 to 688.0 (95% CI 676.3 to 699.9) per 105person-years (PYs) in 2018, with the most pronounced decrease observed in 1‒5-year olds (decreasing by 65%, from 2556.9 (95% CI 2509.8 to 2604.7) to 892.3 (95% CI 866.9 to 918.3) per 105PYs). The corresponding decreases for the 6‒11- and 12‒17-year-olds were 36% (1139.9 (95% CI 1110.6 to 1169.7) to 739.9 (95% CI 720.5 to 759.8)) and 20% (572.3 (95% CI 550.4 to 594.9) to 459.5 (95% CI 442.9 to 476.4)) per 105PYs, respectively. The incidence of preschool wheeze decreased over time and was slightly more pronounced in the 1‒3 year-olds than in the 4-year-olds. Prevalence of asthma and preschool wheeze also decreased over time, from 18.0% overall in 2008 to 10.2% in 2018 for asthma. Exacerbation rates increased over time from 1.33 (95% CI 1.31 to 1.35) per 10 PYs in 2008 to 1.81 (95% CI 1.78 to 1.83) per 10 PYs in 2018.ConclusionPaediatric asthma incidence decreased in the UK since 2008, particularly in 1–5-year-olds; this was accompanied by a decline in asthma prevalence. Preschool wheeze incidence also decreased in this age group. However, exacerbation rates have been increasing.
Readmission following hospital admission for community-acquired pneumonia in England
Authors: Lawrence Hannah , McKeever Tricia M , Lim Wei Shen 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionReadmission rates following hospital admission with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) have increased in the UK over the past decade. The aim of this work was to describe the cohort of patients with emergency 30-day readmission following hospitalisation for CAP in England and explore the reasons for this.MethodsA retrospective analysis of cases from the British Thoracic Society national adult CAP audit admitted to hospitals in England with CAP between 1 December 2018 and 31 January 2019 was performed. Cases were linked with corresponding patient level data from Hospital Episode statistics, providing data on the primary diagnosis treated during readmission and mortality. Analyses were performed describing the cohort of patients readmitted within 30 days, reasons for readmission and comparing those readmitted and primarily treated for pneumonia with other diagnoses.ResultsOf 8136 cases who survived an index admission with CAP, 1304 (15.7%) were readmitted as an emergency within 30 days of discharge. The main problems treated on readmission were pneumonia in 516 (39.6%) patients and other respiratory disorders in 284 (21.8%). Readmission with pneumonia compared with all other diagnoses was associated with significant inpatient mortality (15.9% vs 6.5%; aOR 2.76, 95% CI 1.86 to 4.09, p<0.001). A diagnosis of hospital-acquired infection was more frequent in readmissions treated for pneumonia than other diagnoses (22.1% vs 3.9%, p<0.001).ConclusionPneumonia is the most common condition treated on readmission following hospitalisation with CAP and carries a higher mortality than both the index admission or readmission due to other diagnoses. Strategies to reduce readmissions due to pneumonia are required.
Entanglement entropy of Compton scattering with a witness
Authors: Shivashankara Shanmuka 
Published: July 2023

Unitarity and the optical theorem are used to derive the reduced density matrices of Compton scattering in the presence of a witness particle. Two photons are initially entangled wherein one photon participates in Compton scattering, while the other is a witness, i.e., does not interact with the electron. Unitarity is shown to require that the entanglement entropy of the witness photon does not change after its entangled partner undergoes scattering. The final mutual information of the electron's and witness particle’s polarizations is shown to be nonzero for low-energy Compton scattering. This indicates that the two particles became correlated in spite of no direct interaction. Assuming an initial maximally entangled state, the change in entanglement entropy of the scattered photon’s polarization is calculated in terms of Stokes parameters. A common ratio of areas occurs in the final reduced density matrix elements, von Neumann entropies, Stokes parameter, and mutual information. This common ratio consists of the Thomson scattering cross-section and an accessible regularized scattering area.
NLO + parton-shower generator for $$\varvec{Wc}$$ production in the POWHEG BOX RES
Authors: Ferrario Ravasio Silvia , Oleari Carlo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe present the implementation of a next-to-leading-order plus parton-shower event generator for the hadronic production of a heavy charm quark accompanied by a leptonically-decaying W boson in the framework. We consider both signatures, i.e. $$pp\rightarrow c\, \ell ^- {\bar{\nu }}_{\ell }$$

p
p
→
c

ℓ
-

ν

¯

ℓ

and $$pp\rightarrow {\bar{c}} \,\ell ^+ {\nu }_{\ell }$$

p
p
→

c

¯

ℓ
+

ν
ℓ

, and we include exactly off-shell and spin-correlation effects, as well as off-diagonal Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa contributions. We present particle-level results, obtained interfacing our code with the and shower Monte Carlo event generators, including hadronization and underlying-event effects, and compare them against the data collected by the CMS Collaboration at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$

s

=
13

TeV.
Channel capacity: limitation of entropy rate during cell signal transduction
Authors: Tsuruyama Tatsuaki 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCellular signal transduction is mediated through chain activation reactions involving signalling molecules. Information thermodynamics may be a promising approach for quantifying signal transduction. A cell signal is transduced through the signal molecule activation as a step of a signal transduction cascade. In each step, two types of entropy can be defined. First, the signal transduction was defined using thermodynamic entropy production during the chemical activation of signal molecules. Second, the chronology was described as a code string, and the logarithm of the number of signal code strings corresponded to the information entropy. Finally, the total entropy during signal transduction was determined by summing the two entropies. When maximising the total entropy, the total entropy rate per signalling molecule concentration was found to be consistent independently of each transduction step (i.e., signal molecule types). Consequently, the speed limit of the entropy rate can be calculated, providing the capacity, which is an essential property of the signal transduction cascade. The theory introduced here is expected to provide a basic framework for understanding new methods of discovering signal cascades and intracellular signal transduction.
The dynamic analysis of discrete fractional-order two-gene map
Authors: Subramani Rajeshkanna , Natiq Hayder , Rajagopal Karthikeyan , Krejcar Ondrej , Namazi Hamidreza 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe evolutionary processes are based on information transmission by nervous systems and inheritance by genes in DNA. Various continuous and discrete mathematical models have been presented for genes. Discrete gene models are particularly interesting due to their simple analysis and low computational costs. It is imperative to create genetic factors based on gene models that depend on the past. This paper proposes a discrete fractional-order two-gene map model. At first, the gene map is evaluated using the phase plane, bifurcation diagram, and Lyapunov exponent, and the periodic and chaotic behaviors of the system are shown. Then, the fractional-order gene map model is introduced. The system’s dynamic behaviors are investigated using bifurcation diagrams according to system parameters and derivative order. It is shown that increasing the value of the fractional order increases complexity, leading to chaotic behavior in the model. While decreasing the fractional derivative order mostly changes the dynamics to periodic. Finally, the synchronization of two two-gene maps with discrete fractional order is investigated using the electrical connection. The results show that in contrast to the integer-order model, the fractional-order model can reach synchronization.
Dissociative recombination of N$$_2$$$$\hbox {H}^+$$: a revisited study
Authors: Mezei János Zsolt , Ayouz Mehdi A. , Orbán Andrea , Abdoulanziz Abdillah , Talbi Dahbia , Kashinski David O. , Bron Emeric , Kokoouline Viatcheslav , Schneider Ioan F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDissociative recombination of N$$_2$$

2

H$$^+$$

+

is explored in a two-step theoretical study. In a first step, a diatomic (1D) rough model with a frozen NN bond and frozen angles is adopted, in the framework of the multichannel quantum defect theory (MQDT). The importance of the indirect mechanism and of the bending mode is revealed, in spite of the disagreement between our cross section and the experimental one. In the second step, we use our recently elaborated 3D approach based on the normal mode approximation combined with R-matrix theory and MQDT. This approach results in satisfactory agreement with storage-ring measurements, significantly better at very low energy than the former calculations.
Change in momentum proportional to the change in angular momentum of the particle
Authors: Zhu Zi-Zhong 
Published: July 2023

Recently, Ahn et al. created dumbbell-shaped silica nanoparticles, then optically levitated in vacuum, capable of spinning at 300 billion revolutions per minute, driven only by the force and torque of laser. This is by far the fastest spinning object in the world. We show that in this system, there is an additional change in momentum (or extra force) that is proportional to the change in the angular momentum of the particle (or torque). We suggest that this effect also applies to microscopic particles. In the experiment of Ahn et al., although the angular momentum of the particle itself L is large, the rate of change of the angular momentum [Formula: see text] may not be large. Therefore, experimentally, the physical effects associated with changes in angular momentum can be verified either by applying very strong force and torque to the particle, or by allowing the axis of rotation of the particle to find a way to change very quickly.
What are the main sources of air pollution in Sofia, Bulgaria, and how do they impact human health in the city?
Authors: Shuleva Anna 
Published: July 2023

In our modern world, air pollution is a significantly increasing issue. Sofia, the capital city of Bulgaria, is one of the most polluted cities in Europe. It has been a long-standing issue, with pollution levels regularly exceeding the recommended limits set by the World Health Organization. The main causes of pollution in Sofia include the burning of garbage for residential heating, and emissions from vehicles due to heavy traffic. These factors especially worsen the situation during winter because of low winds and temperature inversions. This can be incredibly harmful to the health of the residents, with long-term exposure causing lung infections or cancer and possibly leading to death. In recent years, several steps have been taken by the municipality and the residents to address the issue, some of which have proven successful. However, there are still further efforts needed to be undertaken.
Cardiac Autoantibodies Against Cardiac Troponin I in Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure: Evaluation in a Novel Murine Model and Applications in Therapeutics
Authors: Furusawa Shun , Ikeda Masataka , Ide Tomomi , Kanamura Takuya , Miyamoto Hiroko Deguchi , Abe Ko , Ishimaru Kosei , Watanabe Masatsugu , Tsutsui Yoshitomo , Miyake Ryo , Fujita Satoshi , Tohyama Takeshi , Matsushima Shouji , Baba Yoshihiro , Tsutsui Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Cardiac autoantibodies (cAAbs) are involved in the progression of adverse cardiac remodeling in heart failure (HF). However, our understanding of cAAbs in HF is limited owing to the absence of relevant animal models. Herein, we aimed to establish and characterize a murine model of cAAb-positive HF after myocardial infarction (MI), thereby facilitating the development of therapeutics targeting cAAbs in post-MI HF.

METHODS:
MI was induced in BALB/c mice. Plasma cAAbs were evaluated using modified Western blot-based methods. Prognosis, cardiac function, inflammation, and fibrosis were compared between cAAb-positive and cAAb-negative MI mice. Rapamycin was used to inhibit cAAb production.

RESULTS:

Common cAAbs in BALB/c MI mice targeted cTnI (cardiac troponin I). Herein, 71% (24/34) and 44% (12/27) of the male and female MI mice, respectively, were positive for cAAbs against cTnI (cTnIAAb). Germinal centers were formed in the spleens and mediastinal lymph nodes of cTnIAAb-positive MI mice. cTnIAAb-positive MI mice showed progressive cardiac remodeling with a worse prognosis (
P
=0.014, by log-rank test), which was accompanied by cardiac inflammation, compared with that in cTnIAAb-negative MI mice. Rapamycin treatment during the first 7 days after MI suppressed cTnIAAb production (cTnIAAb positivity, 59% [29/49] and 7% [2/28] in MI mice treated with vehicle and rapamycin, respectively;
P
<0.001, by Pearson χ
2
test), consequently improving the survival and ameliorating cardiac inflammation, cardiac remodeling, and HF in MI mice.

CONCLUSIONS:
The present post-MI HF model may accelerate our understanding of cTnIAAb and support the development of therapeutics against cTnIAAbs in post-MI HF.
Alcohol Intake and Blood Pressure Levels: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Nonexperimental Cohort Studies
Authors: Di Federico Silvia , Filippini Tommaso , Whelton Paul K. , Cecchini Marta , Iamandii Inga , Boriani Giuseppe , Vinceti Marco 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Alcohol consumption may increase blood pressure but the details of the relationship are incomplete, particularly for the association at low levels of alcohol consumption, and no meta-analyses are available for nonexperimental cohort studies.

METHODS:
We performed a systematic search of longitudinal studies in healthy adults that reported on the association between alcohol intake and blood pressure. Our end points were the mean differences over time of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), plotted according to baseline alcohol intake, by using a dose-response 1-stage meta-analytic methodology.

RESULTS:

Seven studies, with 19 548 participants and a median follow-up of 5.3 years (range, 4–12 years), were included in the analysis. We observed a substantially linear positive association between baseline alcohol intake and changes over time in SBP and DBP, with no suggestion of an exposure-effect threshold. Overall, average SBP was 1.25 and 4.90 mm Hg higher for 12 or 48 grams of daily alcohol consumption, compared with no consumption. The corresponding differences for DBP were 1.14 and 3.10 mm Hg. Subgroup analyses by sex showed an almost linear association between baseline alcohol intake and SBP changes in both men and women, and for DBP in men while in women we identified an inverted
U
-shaped association. Alcohol consumption was positively associated with blood pressure changes in both Asians and North Americans, apart from DBP in the latter group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results suggest the association between alcohol consumption and SBP is direct and linear with no evidence of a threshold for the association, while for DBP the association is modified by sex and geographic location.
Grid Cell Percolation
Authors: Dabaghian Yuri 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Grid cells play a principal role in enabling cognitive representations of ambient environments. The key property of these cells—the regular arrangement of their firing fields—is commonly viewed as a means for establishing spatial scales or encoding specific locations. However, using grid cells’ spiking outputs for deducing geometric orderliness proves to be a strenuous task due to fairly irregular activation patterns triggered by the animal’s sporadic visits to the grid fields. This article addresses statistical mechanisms enabling emergent regularity of grid cell firing activity from the perspective of percolation theory. Using percolation phenomena for modeling the effect of the rat’s moves through the lattices of firing fields sheds new light on the mechanisms of spatial information processing, spatial learning, path integration, and establishing spatial metrics. It is also shown that physiological parameters required for spiking percolation match the experimental range, including the characteristic 2/3 ratio between the grid fields’ size and the grid spacing, pointing at a biological viability of the approach.
Transfer Learning With Singular Value Decomposition of Multichannel Convolution Matrices
Authors: Yeung Tak Shing Au , Cheung Ka Chun , Ng Michael K. , See Simon , Yip Andy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe task of transfer learning using pretrained convolutional neural networks is considered. We propose a convolution-SVD layer to analyze the convolution operators with a singular value decomposition computed in the Fourier domain. Singular vectors extracted from the source domain are transferred to the target domain, whereas the singular values are fine-tuned with a target data set. In this way, dimension reduction is achieved to avoid overfitting, while some flexibility to fine-tune the convolution kernels is maintained. We extend an existing convolution kernel reconstruction algorithm to allow for a reconstruction from an arbitrary set of learned singular values. A generalization bound for a single convolution-SVD layer is devised to show the consistency between training and testing errors. We further introduce a notion of transfer learning gap. We prove that the testing error for a single convolution-SVD layer is bounded in terms of the gap, which motivates us to develop a regularization model with the gap as the regularizer. Numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model in solving classification problems and the influence of various parameters. In particular, the regularization is shown to yield a significantly higher prediction accuracy.
Unraveling Ambiguity Aversion
Authors: Aydogan Ilke , Berger Loïc , Bosetti Valentina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We report the results of two experiments designed to better understand the mechanisms driving decision-making under ambiguity. We elicit individual preferences over different sources of uncertainty, entailing different degrees of complexity, from subjects with different sophistication levels. We show that (1) ambiguity aversion is robust to sophistication, but the strong relationship previously reported between attitudes toward ambiguity and compound risk is not. (2) Ellsberg ambiguity attitude can be partly explained by attitudes toward complexity for less sophisticated subjects only. Overall, regardless of the subject's sophistication level, the main driver of Ellsberg ambiguity attitude is a specific treatment of unknown probabilities.
The Potential Role of Bering Strait in the Dynamics of Multidecadal Variability in the North Atlantic: An Idealized Model Study
Authors: Yang Xiaoting , Cessi Paola 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Multidecadal variability on time scales between 20 and 70 years have been observed in the time series of North Atlantic SST. Many mechanisms have been proposed to explain multidecadal variabilities in the Atlantic. Generally, it is the interaction between the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) and North Atlantic surface buoyancy distribution that sustains this variability, with buoyancy anomalies either due to ocean-only processes or to air–sea interactions. In this context, the role of the Arctic Ocean, especially its freshwater flux into the North Atlantic, has been underappreciated. Bering Strait, the only oceanic pathway between the Pacific Ocean and the Arctic Ocean, has been found important in Arctic Ocean freshwater budget and in modulating the time-averaged state and long-term response of the MOC to high-latitude buoyancy forcing anomalies, via freshwater transport between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. In this paper, we use idealized configurations that include a Pacific-like wide basin and an Atlantic-like narrow basin. The two basins are connected both in the south and north to longitudinally periodic channels, representing the Southern Ocean and the Arctic Ocean, respectively. The Pacific-like basin is opened to the north only through a shallow and narrow strait, while the Atlantic-like basin is fully open to the north. With the goal of studying the role of Bering Strait in the multidecadal variability, we find that the freshwater transport from the Bering Strait forms a tongue structure along the western boundary of the narrow basin, which enhances the local horizontal density gradient. The western boundary region becomes unstable to large-scale baroclinic anomalies, giving rise to multidecadal variability.
Intraoperative Radiation Therapy as a Safe Alternative to Whole Breast Radiation for Treatment of Minimally Invasive Breast Cancers: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: King Caroline A. , Shaposhnik Guy , Sayyed Adaah A. , Shoucair Sami , Farha Maen J. 
Published: July 2023

Background Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) in select populations is a viable alternative to whole breast radiation therapy (WBRT) in the treatment of biopsy-proven localized invasive and non-invasive breast cancer. We aim to assess recurrence and complication rates following IORT in lumpectomy patients at a community hospital in Baltimore City. Methods An IRB-approved retrospective cohort study was conducted on consecutive cases of lumpectomy with IORT from 2013 through 2020 by a single surgeon. Patient demographics, tumor and operative characteristics, and complications were retrieved from electronic medical records. Primary outcomes were postoperative complications and local recurrence rates. Results The final cohort included 117 patients with mean follow-up time of 2.60 + 1.78 years. Mean age was 69.84 + 8.77 years. Thirty-three (28.21%) of patients developed a seroma. Odds of seroma formation were mildly significant for skin spacing [OR: 1.18, 95% CI: (1.02-1.37)] and balloon fill volume [1.04 (1.00-1.08)], but not for age, BMI, diabetes, former or current smoking status, history of WBRT, tumor size, or balloon size. Three (2.6%) patients had local recurrence. Odds of local recurrence were mildly significant for increased tumor size [1.14 (1.04-1.24)] and not significant for any other covariates. Conclusions IORT exposure did not confer higher rates of complications and the local recurrence rate mirrored that of the general population undergoing lumpectomy and WBRT. This study demonstrates the need for equitable treatment options based on individual needs: IORT is a safe alternative to WBRT in certain subpopulations, especially those with physical, social, or personal limitations preventing participation in a 3- to 7-week time commitment of WBRT.