bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of saturated hydraulic conductivity estimation using kriging in drainage networks
Authors: Hoseini Yaser 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStatistical analysis of saturated hydraulic conductivity is the fundamental of engineering plans for water resource projects. In the other words, project solutions and designs depend directly on the accuracy of these statistical analyses and the methods that develop them to studied area. One of the recent methods was used to estimate the variables such as hydraulic conductivity is Kriging method. In this study, GIS software was used for this purpose and kriging method was used to estimate the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil. Spherical model with nugget effect of 0.0039 and sill of 0.0262 was the best variogram for determining soil hydraulic conductivity in this method, which expressed the high strength of regional variable structure in the studied area. The results showed that the simple kriging method with a regression coefficient of 0.82 has the highest accuracy in modeling the saturated hydraulic conductivity function. Also, the results showed that the geostatistical kriging method for modeling soil hydraulic conductivity index has a higher accuracy in determining saturated soil hydraulic conductivity than the traditional Thiessen method.
Fluoroscopically guided vascular and cardiac transcatheter procedures: a comparison of occupational and patient dose by anatomical region
Authors: Wilson-Stewart Kelly S. , Fontanarosa Davide , Malacova Eva , Trapp Jamie V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractX-ray guided procedures are being performed by an increasing variety of medical specialties. Due to improvements in vascular transcatheter therapies, there is an increasing overlap of imaged anatomy between medical specialties. There is concern that non-radiology fluoroscopic operators may not have sufficient training to be well informed of the potential implications of radiation exposure and mitigation strategies to reduce dose. This was a prospective, observational, single center study to compare occupational and patient dose levels when imaging different anatomical regions during fluoroscopically guided cardiac and endovascular procedures. Occupational radiation dose was measured at the level of the temple of 24 cardiologists and 3 vascular surgeons (n = 1369), 32 scrub nurses (n = 1307) and 35 circulating nurses (n = 885). The patient dose was recorded for procedures (n = 1792) performed in three angiography suites. Abdominal imaging during endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) procedures was associated with a comparatively high average patient, operator and scrub nurse dose despite additional table-mounted lead shields. Air kerma was relatively high for procedures performed in the chest, and chest + pelvis. Higher dose area product and staff eye dose were recorded during procedures of the chest + pelvis due to the use of digital subtraction angiography to evaluate access route prior to/during transaortic valve implantation. Scrub nurses were exposed to higher average radiation levels than the operator during some procedures. Staff should be cognizant of the potentially higher radiation burden to patients and exposed personnel during EVAR procedures and cardiac procedures using digital subtraction angiography.
Differentiation of activity rhythms and space use between two competing water shrew species in a laboratory experiment
Authors: Sęk Oliwia , Al Belbeisi Roula , Rychlik Leszek 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHypotheses
about the differentiation of activity rhythms and space use between two competing species of water shrews, Neomys anomalus [AA] and N. fodiens [FF], were verified in a laboratory experiment. The animals were kept together for 2 months in an enclosure (195 × 145 cm) and their activity was video recorded using the time-lapse mode. Changes in activity rhythms, distances kept between active animals, and frequency of interspecific conflicts were compared between the early (first 24 h) and late (last 24 h, after 2 months) phases of the animals’ coexistence in the mixed group. In both phases, the activity of both species was relatively evenly distributed over 24 h, with breaks in activity nearly every 1 h. During the early phase, both species were equally and simultaneously active, whereas in the late phase, as predicted, the activity of FF was lower than that of AA, and asynchronous. In the late phase, pairs of different species (F-A) were rarely active simultaneously and kept long inter-individual distances. Consequently, the number of conflicts decreased. The results suggest that, over time, water shrews can develop mechanisms diminishing interference competition, which are based on shifts in activity rhythms, maintaining distance between individuals, and the rare usage of the same shelters and feeding sites.
Responses of maize germination, root morphology and leaf trait to characteristics of lead pollution: a case study
Authors: He Yongjian , Jiang Ranran , Hou Xiuli 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOn base of the content of Pb in the soil under different land use patterns in Lanping Lead-zinc mining area, Yunnan in southwest China, the root morphology and leaf traits of maize in different concentration Pb (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000 mg/L) were analyzed. The results showed that maize germination rate, germination vigor and growth index decreased with the increase of Pb concentration. The root length, surface area of maize increased by 0.21%–81.58%, 8.99%–73.43%, 1.50%–77.37%, respectively, under 20–500 mg/L Pb concentration. However, these parameters under 1000–3000 mg/L Pb concentration decreased by 37.86%–553.54%, 44.99%–766.16%, 55.99%–92.81%, respectively, and these lowest value appeared in 3000 mg/L Pb treatment. The root volume of maize increased by 4.57%–89.25% in 20–80 mg/L Pb concentration, and it decreased with the increase of Pb concentration when the Pb concentration was higher than 80 mg/L and decreased by 94.13% in 3000 mg/L Pb. The root surface area and length of 0.50–1.00 diameter class were higher than those of other diameter classes, and these value of maize under 500 mg/L Pb were higher than those of other concentrations. The length and perimeter of maize leaves with the highest value of 220.36 and 962.68 mm, respectively appeared in 60 mg/L Pb treatment. The leaf width and area of maize with the highest value of 15.68 mm and 2448.31 mm2, respectively, appeared in 40 mg/L Pb treatment, which indicated that the leaf traits of maize were promoted by low concentration Pb and inhibited by high concentration Pb.
Computational analysis of crosstalk between transcriptional regulators and RNA-binding proteins suggests mutual regulation of polycomb proteins and SRSF1 influencing adult hippocampal neurogenesis
Authors: Nishanth M. J. , Jha Shanker 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is a clinically significant neural phenomenon. Understanding its molecular regulation would be important. In this regard, most studies have focused on transcriptional regulators (TRs), epigenetic modifiers, or non-coding RNAs. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have emerged as dominant molecular regulators. It would be significant to understand the potential cross-talk between RBPs and TRs, which could influence AHN.

Methods
The present study employed computational analyses to identify RBPs and TRs regulating AHN, followed by the analysis of their interaction networks and detection of hub proteins. Next, the potential mutual regulation of hub TRs and RBPs was analyzed. Additionally, hippocampal genes differentially expressed upon exercise were analyzed for potential regulation by the identified TRs and RBPs.

Results
105 TRs and 26 RBPs were found to influence AHN, which could also form interactive networks. Polycomb complex proteins were among the TR network hubs, while HNRNP and SRSF family members were among the hub RBPs. Further, the polycomb complex proteins and SRSF1 could have a mutual regulatory relationship, suggesting a cross-talk between epigenetic/transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory pathways. A number of exercise-induced hippocampal genes were also found to be potential targets of the identified TRs and RBPs.

Conclusion
SRSF1 may influence post-transcriptional stability, localization, and alternative splicing patterns of polycomb complex transcripts, and the polycomb proteins may in turn epigenetically influence the SRSF1. Further experimental validation of these regulatory loops/networks could provide novel insights into the molecular regulation of AHN, and unravel new targets for disease-treatment.
Prevalence and predictors of depression among women in Afghanistan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Neyazi Ahmad , Haidarzada Ahmad Shoaib , Rangelova Vanya , Erfan Adiba , Bashiri Bahara , Neyazi Mehrab , Faizi Naweed , Konşuk-Ünlü Hande , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDepression is a very common mental health illness characterized by a cluster of signs and symptoms ranging from mood disturbances and sleep or appetite disorders to physical manifestations of the body. The purpose of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of depression and its related factors among Afghan women. A cross-sectional study was conducted among women between July 14, 2021, to August 15, 2021, in Kabul, Mazar-e-Sharif and Samangan provinces (Afghanistan). A total of 664 Afghan women participated in the study (mean age = 28.85 years; SD ± 11.57). In order to assess depression among participants, the 19-item validated Dari version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression Scale was used. Approximately four-fifths of the sample had depression symptoms (79.1%). Participants with depression symptoms were significantly more likely to (i) be aged over 30 years, (ii) live in rural areas, (iii) have a low-income level, (iv) not have an occupation, (v) have any disease/illness, and (vi) have experienced an event that had mentally affected them in the past month. Considering the high prevalence of depression symptoms among Afghan women, there is a need to integrate mental health services for women in Afghanistan. The use of interventions including regular screening for depression symptoms, and educating women and girls concerning the symptoms of depression for early self-diagnosis are essential.
A discussion of model asperities as a method to study friction in metal forming
Authors: Zwicker Maximilian , Bay Niels , Nielsen Chris V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe present work discusses the use of model asperities as a method for studying asperity flattening in metal forming. Asperity flattening and the resulting real contact area largely influence friction in metal forming. In order to gain a fundamental understanding of asperity flattening, a method of choice often is to use model asperities. Here, macroscopic model surfaces are emulating real surface topographies. The work presents the method in a historic context, explains the method, lists advantages and disadvantages, and discusses the method in terms of whether the insights gained on model asperities are of qualitative or quantitative nature. In conclusion, the method is a valid tool to fundamentally study asperity flattening. It is, however, not always possible to transfer obtained conclusions quantitatively from model surfaces to real surfaces.
Influence of clearance and structural coupling parameters on shimmy stability of landing gear
Authors: Ruan S. , Zhang M. , Hong Y. , Nie H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere are many factors causing the shimmy of the aircraft landing gear and structural clearance of landing gear is a typical factor. Some aircraft in service or operation did not shimmy before, but suddenly appeared after a period of use. To solve the problem of clearance shimmy during the service of a certain aircraft, we established a dynamic model of rotating gear with clearance based on the flexible multi-body dynamics model of landing gear and L-N contact theory. We defined different types of clearance and established a mechanical model of aircraft pendulum vibration considering the clearance of landing gear structure for dynamic simulation, and studied the effects of different clearance types, clearance size of motion pair and different clearance positions on the stability of pendulum. The results show that the axial clearance has little effect on the shimmy performance of landing gear; the radial clearance has a certain effect on the shimmy performance of medium speed running, which slightly improves the shimmy damping required by medium speed running; the rotational clearance affects the shimmy performance of the nose landing gear by affecting the force transmission of structural components. The required shimmy damping coefficient increases at low speed and decreases at high speed. The main reason for the return clearance is that during the return, the shimmy damper does not work, which leads to the decrease of the shimmy damping performance and the increase of the required shimmy damping coefficient in the whole speed range. Meanwhile, the structural clearance will increase the shimmy frequency of the nose landing gear. By analysing the yaw angle of the nose landing gear and the time domain curve of the yaw angle of the yaw damper, we can determine which structure of the landing gear and which type of clearance is the cause of the yaw. Finally, the coupling effect caused by the main structural parameters of the landing gear in “gap shimmy” was analysed according to different mechanical stability distances and strut stiffness of the nose landing gear, providing reference for aircraft anti-shimmy design, nose landing gear fault diagnosis and nose landing gear maintenance support.
Estimating local surface glacier mass balance from migration of the 1918 Katla eruption tephra layer on Sléttjökull, southern Iceland
Authors: Hagg Wilfried , Mayer Christoph , Münzer Ulrich , Barbosa Natalie , Schuler Hans-Martin , Staudacher Matthias 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe use the apparent horizontal shift of an englacial tephra layer outcrop to calculate local glacier mass balance on Sléttjökull, a lobe of Mýrdalsjökull in Southern Iceland. For this approach, the dipping angle of the englacial tephra layer in the glacier upstream of the outcrop and the flow velocity of the ice need to be known. An earlier investigation was expanded by the application of ground-penetrating radar, detecting the depth of the tephra along tracks with a total length of 10 km. Interpolation between the tracks enables us to derive the dipping angle of the layer along several flow lines. Together with glacier surface velocities, determined from feature tracking, we are able to estimate the local surface mass balance from the horizontal displacement of the tephra outcrop using freely available satellite imagery without additional fieldwork. The earlier local balance series was extended to the period 2014/15 to 2019/20. Although the results for the individual profiles differ slightly from each other, they show the same temporal pattern and clear variations from year to year. The results are compared to traditional mass-balance data from Hofsjökull. The two series show a good agreement in their interannual variability.
Behavioral public choice and policing in America
Authors: Palagashvili Liya , Goodman Nathan P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA substantial experimental literature in behavioral economics and psychology finds that individuals rely on heuristics and cognitive biases when they make decisions. These heuristics and biases impact the choices of individuals from all walks of life, including police officers entrusted with the power to enforce laws. Individuals act within an institutional context. We examine how the institutions that structure American policing interact with the heuristics and biases of individual police officers. We then suggest institutional changes that may result in better performance from boundedly rational police officers.
Prosecuting and Propagating Emotional Harm: The Criminalisation of HIV Nondisclosure in Canada
Authors: Bogosavljević Katarina , Kilty Jennifer M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article explores emotional harm in the context of the criminalization of HIV nondisclosure in Canada. With the exception of Matthew Weait in the United Kingdom, few scholars have examined what harm means in cases of HIV nondisclosure. We conceptualize the harm that follows nondisclosure as an affective response to the “HIV positive Other” and argue that law creates a legal norm about what harm is and feels like in cases of HIV nondisclosure when there is no clear consensus about how harm should be defined. Mobilizing the sociology of emotions literature, we contend that criminalizing HIV nondisclosure engages affective, moral, and criminal censure to regulate the behaviours of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH), thus reproducing HIV stigma and propagating emotional harm for PLWH. Canada’s response to HIV nondisclosure should instead involve a transformative justice approach that avoids the harm of criminalization and imprisonment while recognizing the emotional harm experienced by complainants.
Parents’ mental health literacy, preferred school counsellor roles, and intention to follow up referrals
Authors: Bignold Monica L. G. M. , Anderson Donnah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMany mental illnesses have onset during adolescence, and if untreated may have long-term negative outcomes. Parents and school counsellors can assist adolescents by monitoring for mental illness and facilitating appropriate support. The present study investigated parents’ mental health literacy (MHL), preferred views of school counsellor roles, and intention to follow up referrals. Eighty-seven Australian parents of current secondary school students were recruited to an online cross-sectional survey via convenience sampling. Results showed that, on average, parents had good MHL, moderately endorsed school counsellor roles, and were committed to following up referrals. Higher MHL, but not preferred school counsellor roles, predicted intention to follow up referrals to general practitioners and specialised mental health services. Findings support targeted psychoeducational intervention for parents regarding MHL and the role of the school counsellor and directions for future research are discussed.
The 1972 Meadows report: A wake-up call for plant science
Authors: Hamant Olivier 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The 1972 Meadows report, ‘the limits to growth’, predicted a global socio-economic tipping point during the twenty-first century. Now supported by 50 years of empirical evidence, this work is a tribute to systems thinking and an invitation to take the current environmental crisis for what it is: neither a transition nor a bifurcation, but an inversion. For instance, we used matter (e.g., fossil fuel) to save time; we will use time to preserve matter (e.g., bioeconomy). We were exploiting ecosystems to fuel production; production will feed ecosystems. We centralised to optimise; we will decentralise to support resilience. In plant science, this new context calls for new research on plant complexity (e.g., multiscale robustness and benefits of variability), also extending to new scientific approaches (e.g., participatory research, art and science). Taking this turn reverses many paradigms and becomes a new responsibility for plant scientists as the world becomes increasingly turbulent.
Mid-Pleistocene drainage rearrangement of the Dadu River in response to plate convergence in southeastern Tibet
Authors: Zheng Yong , Li Haibing , Pan Jiawei , Gong Zheng , Wang Ping , Lai Ya , Zhao Zhongbao , Liu Fucai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe rearrangement of drainage basins provides critical insight into crustal deformation and geodynamic mechanisms. Near the southeastern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau, the Dadu River abruptly shifts from south- to east-flowing, providing important implications for regional tectonogeomorphic development since the mid-Pleistocene. South of the bend, the headwaters of the Anning River occupy an unusually wide valley. Field investigations show that large quantities of fluvial/lacustrine sediments are widespread along the Dadu and Anning rivers and are exposed at their drainage divide. Detrital zircon U-Pb age patterns confirm that these fluvial/lacustrine sediments are the remnants of the paleo-Dadu River, which strongly suggests that the paleo-Dadu River originally flowed southward into the Anning River. The cosmogenic nuclide burial ages of the lacustrine sediments along the Dadu and Anning rivers suggest deposition of these sediments from separate dammed lakes ca. 1.2 Ma ago, ca. 0.6 Ma ago, and ca. 0.9 Ma ago from north to south, respectively. Provenance and burial-age studies indicate that reorganization of the Dadu drainage occurred within the last 0.6 Ma. We propose that this drainage reorganization in southeastern Tibet resulted from progressive convergence between the India and Eurasian plates during the Pleistocene.
Drag-reduction test of riblets using ARE’s high speed buoyancy propelled vehicle — MOBY-D
Authors: Choi Kwing-So 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDrag-reduction performance of riblets on an axi-symmetric body was investigated using ARE’s High Speed Buoyancy Propelled Vehicle (MOBY-D) at high Reynolds number. Approximately 35% of the wetted body surface was applied with riblets in situ using BMT’s RIBCOATTM process, and net drag reductions between 0 and 3.0% were observed during the flight. The drag reduction increased toward the ascent as the vehicle acceleration decreased, indicating that the favourable effects that riblets have on the boundary layer structure may be susceptible to acceleration.
The effects of aerofoil profile on wing buffet at low speeds
Authors: Lucas C. A. , Maull D. J. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe unsteady loads on two wings, one exhibiting a trailing edge separation, the other a leading edge separation have been measured. It has been found that there are differences between the two wing loads, one having a large scale viscous-inviscid interaction producing high loads at a low frequency.
Mixed structured-unstructured meshes for aerodynamic flow simulation
Authors: Weatherill N. P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMesh generation is proving to be an important aspect of computational aerodynamics. Over the last few years the topic has received much attention. Methods based on the structured and unstructured philosophies both have their advantages and disadvantages. This paper discusses the possible benefits to be achieved in composite structured-unstructured meshes. An algorithm is described which can solve the Euler equations for inviscid flow on such meshes. Three applications of the composite approach are then described. The first example shows the use of regions of assembled triangles to improve the quality of flow results on a poor quality structured mesh. The second illustrates how geometrically complicated aerodynamic configurations can be treated by utilising local regions of unstructured mesh within a globally structured mesh. Finally, a method of mesh/flow adaptivity is described whereby a structured mesh is enriched in appropriate regions of the domain by the addition of meshes consisting of an assembly of triangles. The results show that distinct benefits can be obtained from this composite approach.