bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Psychological Perspective Comparing the Views of Dai Zhen (戴 震) and Zhu Xi (朱 熹) On Human Nature
Authors: Far Ali 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to provide a psychological perspective on Zhu Xi (ZX) and Dai Zhen (DZ) views about human nature, by comparing the potential implications of their views on an agent’s moral cultivation. To help frame this objective, I will ask and answer the following question: if one commits to ZX who holds the view that human nature is innately good, although obscured, versus if one holds DZ’s view that while human nature has the potential for good but it is unformed or unknown (i.e., no original nature) then what are some of the possible implications for self love, sympathy, hope, forgiveness, and spontaneity that are relevant considerations, some of which have been noted by ZX and DZ, for the advance of an agent’s moral cultivation.The implications of ZX’s commitment to human nature being innately good could entail the following: despite an agent’s obscurities, because his nature is good, he is lovable and he can be hopeful that he can shed off his obscurities via proper moral cultivation. Spontaneity is encouraged as an integral part of an agent’s moral self-cultivation. His self-responsibility, hinges on his ability to use the instrumentality of moral cultivation, for which he would need the assistance of a moral teacher. There is a greater capacity for forgiveness because of the presumption that the human nature is inherently good. He can sympathize and extend concern for others, in part, because others’ nature is also good. ZX’s view may potentially carry a risk of excess and a risk of expecting mainly the good, but not the unknown.Alternatively, implications for DZ’s commitment to no original human nature, entails the following: DZ’s view is likely more conducive to expecting and embracing the unknown, which potentially makes DZ’s philosophy more practical, because we live in a world where we often encounter unknowns and unfamiliar people. Self-love is a prerequisite to know love before one can love others. A moral agent can be hopeful because his potential is good, and it will not be a lost opportunity in light of the constitutive essence of moral cultivation. Despite DZ appearing to be against spontaneity, he is only against the kind of spontaneity that could be hurtful to others as does ZX. Lastly, I argue that DZ’s view could result in a broader and more practical commitment to sympathy. Compared to ZX, I argue that DZ’s view could have a potential risk of lower self-responsibility and risk of resistance to self-forgiveness, which does not arise out of DZ’s views about the human nature per se, but rather stems from DZ’s bias towards externalized morality.
Unstable Sense of Agency under Consistent Force Feedback
Authors: Slobodenyuk Nadiya 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe present study undertakes an ecological approach to haptic interfaces grounded in the sense of agency that accompanies human action. The study had two aims. The first aim was to investigate the effect of two top-down cues (perceived initiation of action and presence of action options) on sense of agency in haptic interfaces. The second aim was to investigate the consistency of the sense of agency and answer the question whether consistent force feedback (bottom-up cue) is sufficient to grant stable experience of agency. The results of the study suggest that while high number of action options can be associated with stronger agency, low numbers of action options are unlikely to produce such effect, and that the cue of task completion might be critical for the sense of agency. The study also showed that sense of agency was relatively inconsistent, with the main source of uncertainty being computer-attributed agency. The discussion addresses issues of joint human-computer agency and the contribution of multiple sources of information to agency experience.
A Racial/Ethnic Performance Disparity on the Facial Recognition Test
Authors: Edward Fouty H. , Weitzner Daniel S. , Sanchez Hanny C. , Brandon Brianna M. , Mills Rachel A. , Bologna Estefany S. , Guzman Daniel , Ailes Erica L. , Brown Katelyn D. , Smith Cassandra R. , Briceno Karen Y. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Facial Recognition Test is a widely used psychometric instrument for assessing visuoperceptual functioning. Only two prior studies have examined the effects of race/ethnicity on this test. Given that the United States has become more culturally diverse since the creation of the test, it is important to re-visit the effects of this demographic variable on performance. Participants were 75 males and 75 females between the ages of 18 and 43 years (M = 21.91, SD = 5.33). Racial/ethnic categories utilized by the U.S. Census Bureau were equally represented. No gender differences were observed. The race/ethnicity main effect was significant. The gender x race/ethnicity interaction was not significant. The data revealed a clear racial/ethnic performance disparity on the Facial Recognition Test.
Conceptuality of Unreflective Actions in Flow: McDowell-Dryfus Debate
Authors: Far Ali 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to supplement Gottlieb’s challenge to Dryfus who claims that concepts are not operative in expert’s unreflective actions. First, concepts that an agent develops over time with practice, starting from the stage of novelty, become deeply rooted and persist through his expertise stage, according to common sense. It is unlikely that such rooted concepts become inoperative just when it is time for the agent to put them to use during the time that he is in the zone (i.e., in flow). Second, an expert's inability to remember reasons behind his actions while he is in the zone is insufficient to prove that concepts are inoperative when he is acting in the zone. For an agent to not remember reasons as such could more likely be a consequence of the adequacy of his minimized reflections on his maximized (i.e. expert level) concepts, while he is in such a state. Moreover, not recalling every reason behind every step of an agent’s actions in the zone could be a consequence of his maximum concentration on successful processing and coordination of the task at hand, as opposed to committing his finite mental capacities to memorizing the reasons behind his step-by-step actions when he is performing an expert level action in the zone. Third, I point out to the prevalence of examples when experts or observers provide testimony about use of concepts to strategize or review actions before, during, and after their ‘in the zone’ actions (e.g., review of video replays of a game or a tournament on sports channels), which supports the operations and conceptuality of unreflective actions in flow.
In Support of Theory of Appearing: Defending Langsam against Djukic’s Critique
Authors: Far Ali 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to defend Langsam’s Theory of Appearing (TA) against Djukic et al’s critique. In strengthening Langsam’s defense of TA, I adopt some of Le Morvan's arguments in defending Direct Realism. TA states that experiences are relations between material object and mind, and that phenomenal features are appearances of relations held between material objects and mind. Djukic objects to TA on three grounds of Hallucination, Causal Principle (CP), and Time-Gap: First, Djukic objects to TA on the ground that perception and hallucinations are phenomenally indistinguishable, thus phenomenal features (or properties) instantiated in perception may not be relations either, and thus TA could fail. In defending TA, Langsam argues that indistinguishability does not entail that perception and hallucination instantiate the same appearance. Moreover, disjunctivist conception of experience supports TA in that phenomenal features are either a relation between a material object and mind, or it is something else (as in cases of hallucination). I aim to show that sense-data (or like) theories of perception, that Djukic favors as being superior, would fail Djukic's own scrutiny in cases of hallucination in addition to being against common-sense. Second objection is that perception and hallucination must have the same-cause because they are indistinguishable, and also CP requires that same-causes to produce the same-effects. But hallucination and perception are different experiences, and hence TA fails CP. Responding to CP objection, “same-cause same-effect” only applies to intrinsic changes and intrinsic changes are changes in intrinsic properties and relations between intrinsic properties. Third, TA is opposed because for a given Time-Gap we cannot experience objects as they are (were) at the time of our perception. TA defeats this objection because it does not claim that “we can now (experience) the no-longer existent object as it is now, but only that we can now (experience) the once-existent object as it used to be. Fourth, to further strengthen TA, I will raise objections to TA including from the vantage point of Durability, Perceptual Relativity, Illusion, and Partial Perception arguments, and respond to such objections accordingly. To explicate TA, I argue from the vantage points of common sense, realistic physical biological considerations, and non-miraculous expectations from any theory of perception, including from TA.
Gout Flares and Mortality After Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Treatment for Gout and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Wei Jie , Choi Hyon K. , Dalbeth Nicola , Li Xiaoxiao , Li Changjun , Zeng Chao , Lei Guanghua , Zhang Yuqing 
Published: August 2023

ImportanceRecurrent flares are the hallmark of clinical manifestation of gout. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been associated with a lower risk of incident gout; however, their association with recurrent flares is unknown.ObjectiveTo examine the association of SGLT2i vs active comparators (ie, glucagonlike peptide-1 receptor agonists [GLP-1 RA] or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors [DPP-4i]) with the risk of recurrent gout flares and all-cause mortality among patients with gout and type 2 diabetes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based retrospective cohort study was performed from January 1, 2013, to March 31, 2022, using a UK primary care database. Participants included patients with gout and type 2 diabetes with visits to their general practitioners.ExposuresInitiation of treatment with SGLT2i or active comparators.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the number of recurrent gout flares ascertained using recorded codes and prescription records. Secondary outcomes were the first recurrent gout flare and all-cause mortality. The association of SGLT2i compared with active comparators for the risk of recurrent flares, the first recurrent flare, and all-cause mortality was assessed using Poisson regression or the Cox proportional hazards model with propensity score overlap weighting.ResultsOf a total of 5931 patients included in the analysis (mean [SD] age, 66.0 [11.6] years; 4604 [77.6%] men), 1548 initiated SGLT2i treatment and 4383 initiated treatment with active comparators during the study period. The relative rate of the recurrent flares with SGLT2i vs active comparators was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.65-0.97). Similar results were observed in the association of SGLT2i with the rate of recurrent flares when compared with DPP-4i or GLP-1 RA. For the first recurrent flare for SGLT2i vs active comparators, rate difference was −8.8 (95% CI, −17.2 to −0.4) per 1000 person-years and the hazard ratio was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.65-0.98). All-cause mortality per 1000 person-years was 18.8 for SGLT2i and 24.9 for active comparators, with rate difference of −6.1 (95% CI, −10.6 to −1.6) per 1000 person-years and hazard ratio of 0.71 (95% CI, 0.52-0.97).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest that SGLT2i were associated with a lower risk of recurrent gout flares and mortality than their active comparators in patients with gout and type 2 diabetes. These findings further suggest that SGLT2i could help reduce the burden of recurrent gout flares and could also narrow the mortality gap between patients with gout and the general population.
Magnetically Controllable Two‐Dimensional Spin Transport in a 3D Crystal
Authors: Dowinton Oliver , Maryenko Denis , Belosludov Rodion Vladimirovich , Yang Bohm‐Jung , Bahramy Mohammad Saeed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract2D phases of matter have become a new paradigm in condensed matter physics, bringing in an abundance of novel quantum phenomena with promising device applications. However, realizing such quantum phases has its own challenges, stimulating research into non‐traditional methods to create them. One such attempt is presented here, where the intrinsic crystal anisotropy in a “fractional” perovskite, EuxTaO3 (x = 1/3 − 1/2), leads to the formation of stacked layers of quasi‐2D electron gases, despite being a 3D bulk system. These carriers possess topologically non‐trivial spin textures, indirectly controlled by an external magnetic field via proximity effect, making it an ideal system for spintronics, for which several possible applications are proposed. An anomalous Hall effect with a non‐monotonic dependence on carrier density is shown to exist, signifying a shift in band topology with carrier doping. Furthermore, quantum oscillations in charge conductivity and oscillating thermoelectric properties are examined and proposed as routes to experimentally demonstrate the quasi‐2D behavior.
Atomic‐Scale Transition Zones Determined Coercivity in Samarium‐Cobalt Based Permanent Magnets
Authors: Liu Bingjie , Wang Hui , Xu Hao , Liu Jinghua , Jiang Chengbao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSmCo‐based permanent magnets with nanocellular structure exhibit significant advantage for high‐temperature applications. Due to the lack of experimental intrinsic magnetic parameters and unclear nanocellular interface, a fully understanding on coercivity mechanism is still limited. Here the intrinsic magnetic properties of designed two single‐phase alloys representing nanocellular structure at various temperatures are acquired. Using 3D atom probe and high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy, the existence of the nanoscale transition zones located at nanocellular interface is revealed. Moreover, the transition zones exhibiting high magnetocrystalline anisotropy is found to contribute dominantly to the coercivity. The calculated coercivity via micromagnetic simulation considering transition zones agrees well with the tested coercivity at various temperatures. This knowledge deepens the fundamental understanding on coercivity mechanism.
Frequency Selectivity via Inner Boundary Conditions for A Self‐Powered Multiresonant Acoustic Sensing Array with Broad Bandwidth
Authors: Lee Soyeon , Kim Wheejae , Park No‐Cheol , Park Jin‐Woo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study investigates and proposes innovative approaches to achieve frequency selectivity within a limited space. Traditional multiresonant acoustic devices use individual sensing elements of varying sizes to achieve resonance frequency (fr), leading to an inability to sense focused acoustic waves, unlike the human ear. A miniaturized, self‐powered artificial basilar membrane that incorporates multiresonant features is introduced. Multiple fr of the diaphragms are developed using inner boundary conditions (iBCs) defined by an adjustable micropatterned elastomeric support (µ‐support) and a porous nanofiber (NF) mat. This new approach offers the advantage of all‐in‐one fabrication, eliminating the need for device area variation or an additional rigid frame typically required in conventional multiresonant acoustic devices. The efficacy of the iBCs in shifting fr within the vocal frequency ranges is verified via a laser Doppler vibrometer, simulation, and triboelectric output. With its self‐powering capabilities based on triboelectric principles, this artificial basilar membrane holds promise for accurately recognizing musical and vocal signals with specific frequency characteristics. With four different iBCs in a total device area of 23 × 23 mm2, a tunable four‐channel system with fr ranging from 400 to 3000 Hz is achieved. This advancement enables the sensing of focused acoustic waves, simulating the functionality of an artificial human ear model.
Nucleus Pulposus‐Targeting Nanocarriers Facilitate Mirna‐Based Therapeutics for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Chen Zhonghui , Liao Zhong , Liu Ming , Lin Fengfei , Chen Shunyou , Wang Geng , Zheng Zhong , Liu Boling , Li Chaoxiong , Wang Zheqiang , Chen Tianlai , Huang Hongzhe , Liao Qi , Cui Weiliang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common cause of low back pain. Understanding its molecular mechanisms is the basis for developing specific treatment. To demonstrate that miR‐22‐3p is critical in the regulation of IDD, miRNA microarray analyses are conducted in conjunction with in vivo and in vitro experiments. The miR‐22‐3p knockout (KO) mice show a marked decrease in the histological scores. Bioinformatic analysis reveals that miR‐22‐3p plays a mechanistic role in the development of IDD by targeting SIRT1, which in turn activates the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. This is confirmed by a luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis. Therapeutically, the delivery of miR‐22‐3p inhibitors and mimics through the synthesized nanoparticles in the IDD model alleviates and aggravates IDD, respectively. The nanocarriers enhance transportation of miR‐22‐3p to nucleus pulposus cells, thus enabling the in vivo inhibition of miR‐22‐3p for therapeutic purposes and consequently promoting the development of miRNA‐specific drugs for IDD.
Non‐Pore Dependent and MMP‐9 Responsive Gelatin/Silk Fibroin Composite Microparticles as Universal Delivery Platform for Inhaled Treatment of Lung Cancer
Authors: Gou Shuangquan , Wang Gangyang , Zou Yanan , Geng Wenbo , He Tingting , Qin Zizhen , Che Lingbin , Feng Qian , Cai Kaiyong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDeveloping a drug delivery platform that possesses universal drug loading capacity to meet various requirements of cancer treatment is a challenging yet interesting task. Herein, a self‐assembled gelatin/silk fibroin composite (GSC) particle based drug delivery system is developed via microphase separation followed by desolvation process. Thanks to its preassembled microphase stage, this GSC system is suitable for varying types of drugs. The desolvation process fix drugs inside GSC rapidly and densify the GSC structure, thereby achieving efficient drug loading and providing comprehensive protection for loaded drugs. Actually, the size of this brand‐new non‐pore dependent drug delivery system can be easily adjusted from 100 nm to 20 µm to fit different scenarios. This work selects GSC with 3 µm diameter as the universal inhaled drug delivery platform, which shows an excellent transmucosal penetration and lung retention ability. Additionally, the MMP‐9 sensitive degradation property of GSC enhances the targeted efficiency of drugs and reduces side effects. Intestinally, GSC can self‐amplify the regulation of innate immunity to reverse the cancerous microenvironment into an antitumor niche, significantly improving the therapeutic effect of drugs. This study of GSC universal drug platform provides a new direction to develop the next‐generation of drug delivery system for lung cancer.
Secondary Spin Current Driven Efficient THz Spintronic Emitters
Authors: Agarwal Piyush , Yang Yingshu , Medwal Rohit , Asada Hironori , Fukuma Yasuhiro , Battiato Marco , Singh Ranjan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFemtosecond laser‐induced photoexcitation of ferromagnet (FM)/heavy metal (HM) heterostructures has attracted attention by emitting broadband terahertz frequencies. The phenomenon relies on the formation of an ultrafast spin current, which is primarily attributed to the direct photoexcitation of the FM layer. However, during the process, the FM layer also experiences a secondary excitation led by the hot electrons from the HM layer that travel across the FM/HM interface and transfer additional energy in the FM. Thus, the generated secondary spins enhance the total spin current formation and lead to amplified spintronic terahertz emission. These results emphasize the significance of the secondary spin current, which even exceeds the primary spin currents when FM/HM heterostructures with thicker HM are used. An analytical model is developed to provide deeper insights into the microscopic processes within the individual layers, underlining the generalized ultrafast superdiffusive spin‐transport mechanism.
Synthesis of Tetrahydronaphthoazetidinones, 2,5‐Dioxo‐1,4‐methanobenzoazepines and 3‐Hydroxypyrrolidinones Through Copper‐Assisted Post‐Ugi Reactions
Authors: Gómez‐Ayuso Javier , Lezcano Mario , Carreira‐Barral Israel , González‐Saiz Beatriz , Quesada Roberto , García‐Valverde María 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCopper‐assisted post‐Ugi reactions enable access to different heterocyclic systems, tetrahydronaphthoazetidinone, 2,5‐dioxo‐1,4‐methanobenzoazepine and 3‐hydroxypyrrolidinone derivatives. The described process affords complex scaffolds from readily available acyclic precursors using simple protocols.
Engineering Plasmonic Hybridization toward Advanced Optical Sensors
Authors: Sarkar Swagato , König Tobias A. F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe requirements for an optical sensor are high: the sensor should be reliable, quick, and simple, and all these features must be provided at ultralow fabrication costs. The requirements go even further, as the sensor may operate without an energy source, and nowadays, the sensor components should be recyclable. Today existing plasmonic concepts and advances in nanofabrication can meet these requirements. This review article describes the available nanoscale components and discusses their reasonable layout to obtain the sensing requirements. It is shown that combining photonic and plasmonic properties helps to get high sensitivity at low losses, where these hybrid modes with simple optical concepts are introduced. The current state of the art in developing lithographic nanostructuring and directed self‐assembly to pave the way for future refractive index sensors is also used. By providing a guideline for advanced sensors, how the individual optical components can be used to create hybrid properties that can be realized cost‐effectively are shown. The review article ends with a discussion on the perspectivs for plasmonic hybridization sensors.
Current‐Driven Switching of Néel Vector of an Antiferromagnetic Insulator Thin Film
Authors: Ajejas Fernando , Torres Felipe , Basaran Ali C. , Salev Pavel , Schuller Ivan K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractManipulation of antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials as active elements provides a crucial combination of electrical, thermal, and magnetic properties for spintronics. This study shows how the spin current generated in heavy metal is induced by spin‐orbit torque into an adjacent AFM insulator. The bulk unpinned spins of the AFM layer drive a spin current that is transmitted to the top ferromagnet. This mechanism allows the electrical control of the exchange bias, coercive field, and blocking temperature of the system. Further support is provided by a model calculation that quantitatively describes the effect of the spin current injection into the AFM.