bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot study of an organised population‐based testing programme for prostate cancer
Authors: Alterbeck Max , Thimansson Erik , Bengtsson Johan , Baubeta Erik , Zackrisson Sophia , Bolejko Anetta , Sandeman Kevin , Carlsson Sigrid , Jiborn Thomas , Bjartell Anders 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo determine the feasibility of a digitally automated population‐based programme for organised prostate cancer testing (OPT) in Southern Sweden.Patients and MethodsA pilot project for a regional OPT was conducted between September 2020 and February 2021, inviting 999 randomly selected men aged 50, 56, or 62 years. Risk stratification was based on prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level, PSA density (PSAD), and bi‐parametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Men with a PSA level of 3–99 ng/mL had an MRI, and men with elevated PSA level (≥3 ng/mL) had a urological check‐up, including a digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). Indications for targeted and/or systematic transrectal prostate biopsies were suspicious lesions on MRI (Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System [PI‐RADS] 4–5) and/or PSAD > 0.15 ng/mL/mL. Additional indications for prostate biopsies were palpable tumours, PSA ratio < 0.1, or cancer suspicion on TRUS. Patient selection, mail correspondence, data collection, and algorithm processing were performed by an automated digital management system. Feasibility is reported descriptively.ResultsA total of 418 men had a PSA test (42%), with increasing participation rates by age (50 years, 38%; 56 years, 44%; and 62 years, 45%). Among these, 35 men (8%) had elevated PSA levels (≥3 ng/mL: one of 139, aged 50 years; 10/143, aged 56 years; and 24/146, aged 62 years). On MRI, 16 men (48%) had a negative scan (PI‐RADS < 3), seven men (21%) had PI‐RADS 3, nine men (27%) had PI‐RADS 4, and one man (3%) had PI‐RADS 5. All men with PI‐RADS 4 or 5 underwent prostate biopsies, as well as two men with PI‐RADS 3 due to PSAD > 0.15 ng/mL/mL or a suspicious finding on TRUS. Prostate cancer was diagnosed in 10 men. Six men underwent active treatment, whereas four men were assigned to active surveillance.ConclusionOur OPT model is feasible from an operational point of view, but due to the limited scale of this study no conclusions can be made regarding the efficacy of the diagnostic model or outcome.
Use of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I‐745 as therapeutic strategy for prevention of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐induced intestinal injury
Authors: D'Antongiovanni Vanessa , Antonioli Luca , Benvenuti Laura , Pellegrini Carolina , Di Salvo Clelia , Calvigioni Marco , Panattoni Adelaide , Ryskalin Larisa , Natale Gianfranco , Banni Sebastiano , Carta Gianfranca , Ghelardi Emilia , Fornai Matteo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeNonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be associated with severe adverse digestive effects. This study examined the protective effects of the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I‐745 in a rat model of diclofenac‐induced enteropathy.Experimental ApproachEnteropathy was induced in 40‐week‐old male rats by intragastric diclofenac (4 mg·kg−1 BID for 14 days). S. boulardii CNCM I‐745 (3 g·kg−1 BID by oral gavage) was administered starting 14 days before (preventive protocol) or along with (curative protocol) diclofenac administration. Ileal damage, inflammation, barrier integrity, gut microbiota composition and toll‐like receptors (TLRs)–nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) pathway were evaluated.Key ResultsDiclofenac elicited intestinal damage, along with increments of myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, tumour necrosis factor and interleukin‐1β, overexpression of TLR2/4, myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (Myd88) and NF‐κB p65, increased faecal calprotectin and butyrate levels, and decreased blood haemoglobin levels, occludin and butyrate transporter monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) expression. In addition, diclofenac provoked a shift of bacterial taxa in both faecal and ileal samples. Treatment with S. boulardii CNCM I‐745, in both preventive and curative protocols, counteracted the majority of these deleterious changes. Only preventive administration of the probiotic counteracted NSAID‐induced decreased expression of MCT1 and increase in faecal butyrate levels. Occludin expression, after probiotic treatment, did not significantly change.Conclusions and ImplicationsTreatment with S. boulardii CNCM I‐745 prevents diclofenac‐induced enteropathy through anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Such effects are likely to be related to increased tissue butyrate bioavailability, through an improvement of butyrate uptake by the enteric mucosa.
Neuroprotective potential of saroglitazar in 6‐OHDA induced Parkinson's disease in rats
Authors: Bhatt Rohit , Vaishnav Devendra , Airao Vishal , Sharma Tejas , Rachamalla Mahesh , Mani Shalini , Gupta Ashish Kumar , Upadhye Vijay , Jha Saurabh Kumar , Jha Niraj Kumar , Parmar Sachin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects 2%–3% of the population worldwide. Clinical presentation of PD includes motor and non‐motor symptoms. The interplay between pathogenic factors such as increased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis are responsible for neurodegeneration in PD. Intrastriatal administration of 6‐hydroxy dopamine (6‐OHDA) in rat brain provoked oxidative and nitrosative stress by decreasing endogenous antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Consequently, interleukin‐6, tumour necrosis‐α, interferon‐γ and cyclooxygenase‐2 mediated neuroinflammation leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, involving inhibition of complex‐II and IV activities, followed by apoptosis and degeneration of striatal dopaminergic neurons. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons resulted in reduced dopamine turnover, consequently induced behavioural abnormalities in rats. Activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) have protective role in PD by modulating response of antioxidant enzymes, neuroinflammation and apoptosis in various animal models of PD. Saroglitazar (SG) being dual PPAR‐α/γ agonist activates both PPAR‐α and PPAR‐γ receptors and provide neuroprotection by reducing oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of dopaminergic cells in 6‐OHDA induced PD in rats. Thereby, SG restored striatal histopathological damage and dopamine concentration in rat striatum, and behavioural alterations in rats. Thus, SG proved neuroprotective effects in rat model of PD. Potential benefits of SG in rat model of PD advocates to consider it for further preclinical and clinical evaluation.
Microbiota associated with peri‐implantitis—A systematic review with meta‐analyses
Authors: Carvalho Érika B. S. , Romandini Mario , Sadilina Sofya , Sant'Ana Adriana C. P. , Sanz Mariano 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo answer the following PECO question: “In systemically healthy human subjects (P), which are the differences between peri‐implantitis (E) and peri‐implant health/mucositis (C) in terms of bacterial presence/count (O)?”Materials and MethodsCross‐sectional studies fulfilling specific inclusion criteria established to answer the PECO question were included. Two review authors independently searched for studies, screened the titles and abstracts, did full‐text analysis, extracted the data from the included reports, and performed the risk of bias assessment through an adaptation of the Newcastle/Ottawa tool for cross‐sectional studies and of the JBI critical appraisal checklist. In case of disagreement, a third reviewer author took the final decision. Study results were summarized using random effects meta‐analyses.ResultsA total of 12 studies were included, involving 1233 participants and 1513 implants. Peri‐implantitis was associated with the presence of S. epidermidis (Odds ratio, OR = 10.28 [95% Confidence interval, CI: 1.26–83.98]), F. nucleatum (OR = 7.83 [95% CI: 2.24–27.36]), T. denticola (OR = 6.11 [95% CI: 2.72–13.76]), T. forsythia (OR = 4.25 [95% CI: 1.71–10.57]), P. intermedia (OR = 3.79 [95% CI: 1.07–13.35]), and P. gingivalis (OR = 2.46 [95% CI: 1.21–5.00]). Conversely, the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans (OR = 3.82 [95% CI: 0.59–24.68]), S. aureus (OR = 1.05 [95% CI: 0.06–17.08]), and C. rectus (OR = 1.48 [95% CI: 0.69–3.17]) was not associated with peri‐implantitis.ConclusionsPeri‐implantitis is associated with the presence of S. epidermidis and specific periodontopathogens (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, T. denticola, F. nucleatum, and P. intermedia). (CRD42021254589)
Leveling the playing field: The distributional impact of maximum‐ and minimum‐level contracts on player compensation
Authors: Kaplan Scott M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHow does the presence of maximum‐ and minimum‐level contract restrictions impact (i) superstar compensation and (ii) the distribution of compensation across an industry? Using ticket price and observed player talent data from the National Basketball Association (NBA), I estimate expected salaries for each player as well as their value to the NBA as a whole. I find the ratio of actual to expected salary is 2.8%–56.9% for the most talented players, resulting in subsidization to less talented players. The findings also suggest the most talented players generate significantly more value to the NBA than their actual and expected salaries.
Retrospective evaluation of LCP‐tacrolimus (Envarsus XR) dosing in de novo kidney transplant
Authors: Alzahrani Mohammed , Belcher Rachel M. , Benken Jamie , Valdepenas Benito , Di Cocco Pierpaolo , Kajavathanan Mathula , Benken Scott T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionTacrolimus is known to exhibit significant inter‐ and intra‐patient pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) variability regarding therapeutic response. LCP‐tacrolimus (LCPT—Envarsus XR) was approved in 2018 for use as a de novo immunosuppressive agent in kidney transplants, but there is limited evidence to guide de novo dosing of LCPT in patients with obesity. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different calculated weight‐based de novo LCPT dosing on early transplant outcomes.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of patients with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) who received a kidney transplant at the University of Illinois Hospital and Health System (UIH), between March 2019 and March 2021. Subjects were included if were age 18 years or older and received de novo LCPT throughout index hospitalization. The primary endpoint of this study was to compare correlations between the first tacrolimus trough level and dosing weight strategy (e.g., TBW, AdjBW, IBW).ResultsThere was a statistically significant, though modest, correlation between all three dosing strategies and the first tacrolimus trough level (TBW correlation coefficient = .431, p < .001; AdjBW correlation coefficient = .455, p < .001; IBW correlation coefficient = .465; p < .001). In regression modeling for supratherapeutic levels each additional .01 mg/kg increase in dose by TBW, AdjBW, and IBW increased the odds of a supratherapeutic level by 1.46, 1.34, and 1.24, respectively (p < .001).ConclusionsThe use of LCPT in kidney transplant recipients with obesity dosed using TBW demonstrated the strongest correlation with initial supratherapeutic tacrolimus levels. Larger prospective studies are needed to investigate the further impact of body weight on dosing regimens in the obese population.
Some uncommon cystic lesions in the anterior head and neck region: Pitfalls to be avoided on cytology
Authors: Policardo Federica , Tralongo Pietro , Vegni Federica , Feraco Angela , De Stefano Ilenia , Carlino Angela , Ferraro Giulia , Navarra Elena , Mulè Antonino , Rossi Esther Diana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCystic lesions of the anterior head and neck region are a challenging and frequent finding on cytological smears. The scant amount of cellular material in cystic slides poses the greatest difficulty to interpretation, so that frequently they are diagnosed as inadequate or with minimal cellular component. Despite the majority of cystic lesions being benign, a minor portion consist of malignant cystic entities. In these latter cases, the evidence of very scant malignant cells can be misdiagnosed and/or underestimated, leading to a false negative diagnosis. Many papers have already described and detailed the range of possible benign and malignant cystic lesions in head and neck. In the current review we have focused on the less common entities that often lead to serious misinterpretation.
Partially covered versus uncovered pyloro‐duodenal stents for unresectable malignant gastric outlet obstruction: Randomized controlled study
Authors: Teoh Anthony Yuen Bun , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Tan Damien Meng Yew , Crinò Stefano Francesco , Dhir Vinay , Kunda Rastislav , Ang Tiing Leong , Ho Khek Yu , Aerts Maridi , Memon Sana Fathima , Chan Shannon Melissa , Chiu Philip Wai Yan , Conti Bellocchi Maria Cristina , Messaoudi Nouredin , Ng Stephen Ka Kei , Yip Hon Chi , Gabbrielli Armando , Khor Christopher Jen Lock , Ramchandani Mohan , Ng Enders Kwok Wai 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesThe aim of the current study was to compare the efficacy of partially covered duodenal stent (PCDS) vs. uncovered duodenal stent (UCDS) in patients suffering from unresectable primary malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO).MethodsThis was a prospective international randomized controlled study conducted in 10 high‐volume institutions. Consecutive patients suffering from malignant GOO were recruited. The primary outcome measurement was the reintervention rate. Secondary outcomes included technical and clinical success, 30‐day adverse events, 30‐day mortality, causes of stent dysfunction, and the duration of stent patency.ResultsBetween March 2017 and October 2020, 115 patients (59 PCDS, 56 UCDS) were recruited. The 1‐year reintervention was not significantly different (PCDS vs. UDCS = 12/59, 20.3% vs. 14/56, 25%, P = 0.84). There was a trend to fewer patients with tumor ingrowth in the PCDS group (6/59 [10.2%]) vs. 13/56 [23.2%], P = 0.07). There were no significant differences in the technical success (100% vs. 100%, P = 1), clinical success (91.5% vs. 98.2%, P = 0.21), procedural time (21.5 [interquartile range [IQR] 17–30] vs. 20.0 [IQR 15–34.75], P = 0.62), hospital stay (4 [IQR 3–12] vs. 5 [IQR 3–8] days, P = 0.81), 30‐day adverse events (18.6% vs. 14.3%, P = 0.62), or 30‐day mortality (6.8% vs. 5.2%, P = 1.00).ConclusionThe use of PCDS was associated with a lower risk of tumor ingrowth but did not improve on reintervention rates or stent patency. Both kinds of stents could be used in this group of patients.
Estrogen‐based hormonal therapy and the risk of thrombosis in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: LaVasseur Corinne , Mathews Rick , Wang Jenny S. H. , Martens Kylee , McMurry Hannah Stowe , Peress Shira , Sabile Jean , Kartika Thomas , Oleson Ileisa , Lo Jamie O. , DeLoughery Thomas G. , McCarty Owen J. T. , Shatzel Joseph J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveEstrogen‐containing contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy are used commonly, however, the risks of venous and arterial thrombosis imparted by such medications during COVID‐19 infection or other similar viral infections remain undescribed.MethodsTo assess the risk of venous and arterial thrombosis in patients receiving oral estrogen‐containing therapy (ECT) with COVID‐19 as compared to those receiving non‐estrogen‐based hormonal therapy, we conducted a multicenter cohort study of 991 patients with confirmed COVID‐19 infection, 466 receiving estrogen‐containing hormonal therapy, and 525 receiving progestin‐only or topical therapy.ResultsThe use of estrogen‐containing therapy was found to significantly increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following COVID‐19 diagnosis after controlling for age (HR 5.46 [95% CI 1.12–26.7, p = .036]). This risk was highest in patients over age 50, with 8.6% of patients receiving estrogen‐containing therapy diagnosed with VTE compared to 0.9% of those receiving non‐estrogen‐based therapies (p = .026). The risk of arterial thrombosis was not significantly associated with oral estrogen use.ConclusionsThese results suggest that estrogen‐containing therapy is associated with a significantly increased risk of VTE in COVID‐19 patients, especially in older individuals. These findings may guide provider counseling and management of patients with COVID‐19 on estrogen‐containing therapy.
Maize straw is more effective than maize straw biochar at improving soil N availability and gross N transformation rate
Authors: Liu Zunqi , Xu Na , Cao Ting , An Zhengfeng , Yang Xu , He Tianyi , Yang Tingting , Meng Jun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSoil nitrogen (N) transformation is vital in determining farmland N availability. Although many studies have investigated the effect of biochar on N retention and loss via leaching and gaseous emissions, few have determined the dynamics of gross N transformation during crop growth in long‐term biochar‐amended soils and compared the effect of the biochar with that of its feedstock. In this study, we conducted a five‐time field measurement of soil gross N turnover rates via 15N isotope pool dilution during maize growth in 2021. Three treatments were employed, including no amendment, biochar and straw applied annually at rates of 2.63 and 7.50 t ha−1, respectively, since 2013. The results showed that biochar did not change the rate of gross N mineralisation when compared with no amendment, but straw increased it by 139% in August, resulting in significantly higher cumulative gross N mineralisation than biochar and no amendment (701 vs 489 and 499 mg kg−1 in 200 d). The inconsistent influence was attributed to the fact that inherent biochar‐N was recalcitrant and could not be mineralized like the straw. The gross nitrification rate was decreased by 72.9% and 77.4% by biochar and straw application, respectively, in June relative to no amendment, but then it increased from July to August in the straw treatment as a result of the elevated gross N mineralisation rate. The decreased nitrification in the biochar treatment was an outcome of the synergetic effect of a low ammonium pool (−59.4%) and a high gross ammonium immobilisation rate (+263%), which was likely due to excessive fertilizer N loss and abiotic adsorption to biochar. Meanwhile, biochar amendment inhibited bacterial 16S and fungal ITS genes, as well as ureC and bacterial and archaea‐amoA gene copies. In conclusion, straw is more effective than biochar at improving soil N transformation and availability in the long term.
Experimental warming and drying act independently on developmental responses for two amphibian species
Authors: Shadle Elizabeth J. , Hopkins William A. , Belden Lisa K. , Hallmark Mackenzi A. , Mims Meryl C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractClimate change is affecting freshwater habitats worldwide through multiple, interacting pressures that influence the survival, distribution, and persistence of freshwater organisms. Temporary freshwater habitats, or those that dry seasonally, can exhibit wide‐ranging variability in temperature and drying regimes. Aquatic organisms with complex life cycles (e.g., aquatic and terrestrial life stages) often rely on temporary freshwaters to complete their life cycles and have specific adaptations to cope with these dynamic environments. However, climate change is altering the temperature and drying regime of many temporary freshwater habitats worldwide, often resulting in warmer habitats available for shorter durations of time. The ways in which climate‐mediated changes to temporary freshwaters affect development and life history of aquatic organisms, particularly those with complex life cycles, remains poorly understood.We investigated larval development, growth, survival, and relationships among them for two amphibian species, wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) and spring peepers (Pseudacris crucifer), in response to warming and drying in a mesocosm experiment. Over 13 weeks in the spring and summer of 2019, we manipulated temperature and water levels in 48 outdoor pond mesocosms to produce four treatments: control (ambient conditions), drying alone, warming alone, and drying + warming. We predicted reduced survival, body size, and time to metamorphosis for both species in response to warming and drying, with the effect being stronger on wood frogs due to their more specialised habitat use and shorter breeding period.Warming treatments were on average 2°C higher than controls, and drying treatments decreased water depth by 2.5 cm each week. We found that warming temperature shortened larval time to metamorphosis, and drying decreased body size at metamorphosis. Surprisingly, we also found that, across all treatment groups, individuals with early metamorphosis tended to be larger in size and from mesocosms with generally higher survival.Our study indicates that warming and drying may act independently on different developmental responses for amphibians. Our results echo recent calls for a better understanding of the nuanced, often unpredictable, relationships among climate‐mediated environmental pressures and the developmental traits they influence, particularly for organisms with complex life cycles that depend upon dynamic habitat for growth and survival. Understanding these relationships and the mechanisms that drive them will be key to predicting the response of freshwater organisms to climate change.
Cover crop root morphology rather than quality controls the fate of root and rhizodeposition C into distinct soil C pools
Authors: Engedal Tine , Magid Jakob , Hansen Veronika , Rasmussen Jim , Sørensen Helle , Stoumann Jensen Lars 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCover crops increase carbon (C) inputs to agricultural soils, and thus have the potential to mitigate climate change through enhanced soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. However, few studies have explored the fate of belowground C inputs associated with varying root traits into the distinct SOC pools of mineral‐associated organic carbon (MAOC) particulate organic carbon (POC). Therefore, a packed 0.5 m column trial was established with 0.25 m topsoil and 0.25 m subsoil with four cover crops species (winter rye, oilseed radish, chicory, and hairy vetch) known to differ in C:N ratio and root morphology. Cover crops were 14CO2‐labeled for 3 months, and then, half of the columns were sampled to quantify root and rhizodeposition C. In the remaining columns, plant shoots were harvested and the undisturbed soil and roots were left for incubation. Bulk soil from both sampling times was subjected to a simple fractionation scheme, where 14C in the <50 and >50 μm fraction was assumed to represent MAOC and POC, respectively. The fast‐growing rye and radish produced the highest root C. The percentage loss of C via rhizodeposition (%ClvR) showed a distinct pattern, with 22% for the more branched roots (rye and vetch) and 6%–8% for the less branched roots (radish and chicory). This suggests that root morphology plays a key role in determining rhizodeposition C. After 1 year of incubation at room temperature, the remaining MAOC and POC were positively correlated with belowground inputs in absolute terms. However, topsoil MAOC formation efficiencies (cover crop‐derived MAOC remaining as a share of belowground inputs) were higher for vetch and rye (21% and 15%, respectively) than for chicory and radish (9% and 10%, respectively), suggesting a greater importance of rhizodeposition (or indirectly, root morphology) than solely substrate C:N ratio for longer term C stabilization.