bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potency of Bio Magic (Metarhizium anisopliae fungus) and gamma radiation in the black cut worm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) larvae
Authors: Sayed R. M. , El Sayed T. S. , Rizk S. A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Integrated pest management is one of the ways to solve the problems of increased outbreaks of pests induced by the effects of climate change. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out to study the integrated effect of entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae and gamma radiation to control 5th instar larvae the black cut worm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), under laboratory condition. The leaf dipping technique was used to test the pathogenicity of different concentrations of the fungus against normal and F1 (resulted from irradiated male parent pupae with 100 Gy) larvae. As well as, the changes in the haemocytes were studied using LC50 of M. anisopliae of both treatment (unirradiated and F1 larvae).

Results
The results showed that larval mortality percentage was both M. anisopliae virulent and time dependent. Furthermore, F1 larvae were more susceptible to M. anisopliae where 100% mortality was recorded after 3 days of M. anisopliae treatment at 8 × 105 spores/ml concentration. While mortality of normal (unirradiated) larvae reached 40% at the same time and concentration. The haematological examination of larvae revealed significant reduces in total haemocyte counts, differential percentage and increase in morphological malformation of the haemocytes which was pronounced by F1 + M. anisopliae LC50.

Conclusions
According to the obtained results, the gamma irradiation increased the pathogenicity of the fungus against the 5th instar A. ipsilon larvae. So, the combination between the two control tools may provide a satisfactory integrated control program after further field trials.
Tailless and hypoxia inducible factor-2α cooperate to sustain proangiogenic states of retinal astrocytes in neonatal mice
Authors: Duan Li-Juan , Jiang Yida , Shi Yanhong , Fong Guo-Hua 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Tailless (TLX, an orphan nuclear receptor) and hypoxia inducible factor-2α (HIF2α) are both essential for retinal astrocyte and vascular development. Tlx−/− mutation and astrocyte specific Hif2α disruption in Hif2αf/f/GFAPCre mice are known to cause defective astrocyte development and block vascular development in neonatal retinas. Here we report that TLX and HIF2α support retinal angiogenesis by cooperatively maintaining retinal astrocytes in their proangiogenic states. While Tlx+/− and Hif2αf/+/GFAPCre mice are phenotypically normal, Tlx+/−/Hif2αf/+/GFAPCre mice display precocious retinal astrocyte differentiation towards non-angiogenic states, along with significantly reduced retinal angiogenesis. In wild-type mice, TLX and HIF2α coexist in the same protein complex, suggesting a cooperative function under physiological conditions. Furthermore, astrocyte specific disruption of Phd2 (prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2), a manipulation previously shown to cause HIF2α accumulation, did not rescue retinal angiogenesis in Tlx−/− background, which suggests functional dependence of HIF2α on TLX. Finally, the expression of fibronectin and VEGF-A is significantly reduced in retinal astrocytes of neonatal Tlx+/−/Hif2αf/+/GFAPCre mice. Overall, these data indicate that TLX and HIF2α cooperatively support retinal angiogenesis by maintaining angiogenic potential of retinal astrocytes.
Dose response relationship between D-dimer level and mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Aditianingsih Dita , Soenarto Ratna Farida , Puiantana Artheta Mutiara , Pranata Raymond , Lim Michael Anthonius , Raharja Putu Angga Risky , Birowo Ponco , Meyer Markus 
Published: January 2023

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Coagulopathy is one of the most common complications characterized by increased D-dimer level. We aimed to investigate the dose-response relationship between elevated D-dimer level and mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study in 259 critically ill COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care unit admission between March and December 2020. We compared the mortality rate between patients with and without elevated D-dimer. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, Fagan’s nomogram, and dose-response relationship were performed to determine the association between D-dimer level and mortality. Results: Overall mortality rate was 40.9% (106 patients). Median D-dimer level was higher in non-survivor group (10,170 ng/mL vs 4,050 ng/mL, p=0.028). The association remained significant after multivariate logistic regression analysis (p=0.046). The optimal cut-off for D-dimer level to predict mortality from ROC curve analysis was 9,020 ng/mL (OR (odds ratio) 3.73 [95% CI (confidence interval) 1.91 – 7.28], p<0.001). D-dimer level >9,020 ng/mL confers 67% posterior probability of mortality and D-dimer level <9,020 ng/mL had 35% probability of mortality. Conclusions: There was a non-linear dose-response relationship between D-dimer level and mortality with Pnonlinearity of 0.004. D-dimer level was associated with mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients in the non-linear dose-response relationship.
Muhammad Shahrur's millenial interpretation of women’s issues
Authors: Herlambang Saifuddin 
Published: January 2023

Background: This study examines Muhammad Shahrur's theory of limits and women’s issues. This theory adjusts the muhkamat verses to remain relevant to sociocultural conditions while remining within the jurisdiction of Allah SWT. Shahrur's approach conveyed women as different from traditional ulema, and controversial. Therefore, it is necessary to describe Shahrur's theory and interpretation on women issues. Methods: This was an exploratory bibliographic study using descriptive-hermeneutic analysis. Two of Shahrur's books were selected and five chapters from Al-Kitāb wa Al-Qur’ān, Qirā’ah Mu’āshirah and five chapters from Nahw Ushūl al-Jadīdah Li al-Fiqh al-Islāmy; Fiqh al-Mar'ah . Results: Shahrur’s interpretations on women issues are: a) relationships between teenagers of the opposite sex without marriage or living together is "halal" if it follows their will, without a contract, being accompanied by syecih or permission, b) The maximum limit of hijab is to cover the entire body except the face and palms. In contrast, the minimum limit covers the juyūb, including cleavage under the armpits, body parts, genitals, and buttocks. Apart from these, it does not include intimate parts and adapts to the community. c) women's intimate parts are shown only to the seven groups; brothers, fathers, children of a sibling, parents of one's wives and their children, d) Polygamy has both an upper limit and lower limit. Shahrur allows polygamy under two conditions: widows with children whose husbands left them to protect them, polygamy has two limitations, limit for quantity and limit for quality, e) the law of adultery has a lower and upper limit.  Conclusion: According to Shahrur, women's issues are divided into four limits, sometimes they are at the upper limit and sometimes at the lower limit. Shahrur's linguistic approach finally led him to draw a conclusion that the product of Islamic law is highly dependent on the sociocultural context.
Comparative evaluation of dermatoglyphic patterns between skeletal class I and skeletal class III malocclusion
Authors: Achalli Sonika , Nayak U S Krishna , P S Murali , Shashidhar Keerthan , Kamath Vinayak 
Published: January 2023

Background: Dermatoglyphics is the study of various dermal configurations on the fingers, palms, and soles. These appear during the 12th week of intrauterine life and develop completely by the 24th week. It is said that they remain constant thereafter. The aim of the present study was to compare and assess the association of dermatoglyphic patterns between skeletal class I and skeletal class III malocclusion. Methods: Finger and palm prints were collected using the ink and roller method from 604 subjects who were divided into skeletal class I, class III with maxillary retrognathism and class III with mandibular prognathism based on lateral cephalogram assessment. Results: Loop pattern was more predominant in skeletal class I malocclusion subjects and whorl pattern was more frequent in the other two groups. Total finger ridge count and atd angle also showed significant difference between the study groups. Conclusions: The present study attempted in assessing the association between dermatoglyphic patterns and skeletal malocclusion. Analysing dermal configurations may aid in indicating the type of developing malocclusion and thus help in interceptive and preventive orthodontics.
Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with COPD from the United States, South Korea, and Europe
Authors: Moreno-Martos David , Verhamme Katia , Ostropolets Anna , Kostka Kristin , Duarte-Sales Talita , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Alshammari Thamir M , Alghoul Heba , Ahmed Waheed-Ul-Rahman , Blacketer Clair , DuVall Scott , Lai Lana , Matheny Michael , Nyberg Fredrik , Posada Jose , Rijnbeek Peter , Spotnitz Matthew , Sena Anthony , Shah Nigam , Suchard Marc , Chan You Seng , Hripcsak George , Ryan Patrick , Morales Daniel 
Published: January 2023

Background: Characterization studies of COVID-19 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are limited in size and scope. The aim of the study is to provide a large-scale characterization of COVID-19 patients with COPD. Methods: We included thirteen databases contributing data from January-June 2020 from North America (US), Europe and Asia. We defined two cohorts of patients with COVID-19 namely a ‘diagnosed’ and ‘hospitalized’ cohort. We followed patients from COVID-19 index date to 30 days or death. We performed descriptive analysis and reported the frequency of characteristics and outcomes among COPD patients with COVID-19. Results: The study included 934,778 patients in the diagnosed COVID-19 cohort and 177,201 in the hospitalized COVID-19 cohort. Observed COPD prevalence in the diagnosed cohort ranged from 3.8% (95%CI 3.5-4.1%) in French data to 22.7% (95%CI 22.4-23.0) in US data, and from 1.9% (95%CI 1.6-2.2) in South Korean to 44.0% (95%CI 43.1-45.0) in US data, in the hospitalized cohorts. COPD patients in the hospitalized cohort had greater comorbidity than those in the diagnosed cohort, including hypertension, heart disease, diabetes and obesity. Mortality was higher in COPD patients in the hospitalized cohort and ranged from 7.6% (95%CI 6.9-8.4) to 32.2% (95%CI 28.0-36.7) across databases. ARDS, acute renal failure, cardiac arrhythmia and sepsis were the most common outcomes among hospitalized COPD patients. Conclusion: COPD patients with COVID-19 have high levels of COVID-19-associated comorbidities and poor COVID-19 outcomes. Further research is required to identify patients with COPD at high risk of worse outcomes.
Murciélagos, socios para el control de plagas
Authors: Segura-Trujillo Cintya A. , Iñiguez-Dávalos Luis Ignacio 
Published: January 2023

Los artrópodos es uno de los grupos de organismos más diversos. Se estima que representan el 80% de los animales vivos. Entre ellos se encuentran los insectos (mariposas, mosquitos, escarabajos, etc.), arácnidos (arañas, ácaros y alacranes), quilópodos (ciempiés) y diplópodos (milpiés), clases de organismos de los cuales se alimentan los murciélagos artropodófagos. Estos organismos se caracterizan por tener ciclos de vida cortos con altas tasas reproductivas que les permiten ser abundantes en determinadas estaciones del año, ante cambios ambientales, o en la estructura de la vegetación que les favorece su reproducción; en consecuencia, pueden proliferar al grado de convertirse en plagas que afectan a bosques y cultivos de interés para la economía humana.
Mother and newborn skin-to-skin contact and timely initiation of breastfeeding in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Aboagye Richard Gyan , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Anin Stephen Kofi , Frimpong James Boadu , Hagan John Elvis 
Published: January 2023

Background
Mother and newborn skin-to-skin contact (SSC) plays a key role in breastfeeding practices of mothers. In this study, we examined the association between mother and newborn SSC and timely initiation of breastfeeding in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Methods
This cross-sectional study utilized nationally representative data from the Demographic and Health Surveys of 17 countries in SSA from 2015 to 2020. Multilevel binary logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between mother and newborn SSC and timely initiation of breastfeeding. The results are presented using adjusted odds ratios (aOR), with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
The pooled prevalences of mother and newborn SSC and timely initiation of breastfeeding were 45.68% (95% CI = 34.12–57.23) and 62.89% (95% CI = 55.67–70.11), respectively. Mothers who practiced newborn SSC were more likely to practice timely initiation of breastfeeding compared to those who did not practice SSC [aOR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.58, 1.78] and this persisted after controlling for all the covariates [aOR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.29, 1.47]. At the country level, mother and newborn SSC increased the odds of timely initiation of breastfeeding in Angola [aOR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.44, 2.76], Cameroon [aOR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.02, 1.99], Ethiopia [aOR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.16, 2.28], Guinea [aOR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.10, 2.60], Liberia [aOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.33, 3.12], Malawi [aOR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.02, 2.12], Mali [aOR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.10, 1.84], Sierra Leone [aOR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.23, 2.83], South Africa [aOR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.41, 4.76], Tanzania [aOR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.27, 2.01], Uganda [aOR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.02, 1.99], Zambia [aOR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.50, 2.30], and Zimbabwe [aOR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.24, 2.21].

Conclusion
The prevalence of SCC was relatively low but timely initiation of breastfeeding was high. Mother and newborn SSC is a strong predictor of timely initiation of breastfeeding in SSA. To enhance timely initiation of breastfeeding after birth, this study recommends that more child and maternal healthcare interventions focused on improving mother and newborn SSC should be implemented.
Why can’t I teach English? A case study of the racialized experiences of a female Ugandan teacher of English in an EFL context
Authors: Seo Youngjoo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Despite an increase in ethnic diversity within the country, the English language teaching workforce remains undeniably binary in Korea. Using an intersectionality lens, this study was an exploration of the racialized experiences of one Ugandan female teacher of English working in Korean ELT. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to investigate how she perceived herself as an English speaker and teacher and how Koreans’ stereotypes of ideal English teachers and Black people affected her professional identity and self-perceptions. Findings suggest that the Ugandan woman was rejected by the formal accreditation process and faced considerable challenges in her efforts to be accepted as a qualified English teacher in Korea. On the other hand, she perceived herself as a native-like English speaker and a fully qualified English teacher with an MA degree in TESOL and years of English teaching experience. This study reveals not only the practical difficulties of a biased assessment system, but also the narrow discourse concerning who can legitimately be recognized as an English teacher in Korea, which is at odds with the Korean policy of a pursuing multicultural society and honoring diversity and with the global trend of recognizing multiple English.
The relationships between young FL learners’ classroom emotions (anxiety, boredom, & enjoyment), engagement, and FL proficiency
Authors: Tsang Art , Dewaele Jean Marc 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The last decade has seen a proliferation of studies about emotions in FL teaching and learning. The present study examined three of the most researched and well-known FL emotions to date, namely anxiety, boredom, and enjoyment, and their relationships with learners’ engagement in English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) classes and their EFL proficiency. One hundred and eleven Grade 3–4 EFL children completed a questionnaire and English tests. Various statistical analyses (correlation, hierarchical multiple regression, and path analysis) revealed that all five variables were significantly inter-correlated. Enjoyment was the strongest predictor of engagement and proficiency, followed by boredom. The path analysis indicated that the hypothetical path of emotions→engagement→proficiency did not exist; rather, only two direct relationships were found in the model: Enjoyment→engagement and enjoyment→proficiency. The findings highlight the crucial role of enjoyment for young learners in FL teaching and learning.
The New Advocacy for Autarky: Self-Sufficiency is Now Once Again Becoming Popular for Geopolitical Reasons
Authors: Dieter Heribert , Biedermann Johanna 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
International economic relations and trade in particular have been thriving since World War II. Whilst the lowering of trade barriers and the dismantling of trade restrictions have long enjoyed support both among trade economists and policymakers, there has recently been a swing back to protectionist policies. In virtually all major economies, a surprising new interest in autarky can be observed. Today, both the USA and the member countries of the European Union prioritize domestic production of certain products, especially semiconductors. China has taken a decisive turn to trade policies that emphasize self-sufficiency and domestic production. India, which has long favoured sourcing from domestic producers, has at least partially embraced self-sufficiency. We analyze and add a historical lens to these recent developments. If they will continue, we argue that the world will see negative effects on welfare if these trends continue unchecked.
A new sand raining technique to reconstitute large sand specimens
Authors: Al-Yasir Abdullah Talib , Al-Taie Abbas Jawad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSand raining is among the popular techniques used in the laboratory for preparing sand samples. Factors like the deposition intensity (DI) and the falling height (HF) affect the produced relative density (RD) in this technique. Studies showed that the RD increase as the HF increases. This is, however, applicable up to a critical HF beyond which the RD seems unaffected. According to previous experiments, the maximum RD achieved using the sand raining is about (70 ± 5)%. The preparation of samples with higher RD is a prerequisite required in many experimental models. In the present article, a new raining system, which is capable to prepare sand samples with a very high RD and with a fast sand flow, is introduced. The new system was used to examine the relationship between the HF and the RD under different trapped air pressures and using rain nozzles with three different opening diameters. The new system was found appropriate for reconstituting SP-SM with very dense specimens (RD > 99%) with achieving higher DI values and a reduction in preparation time of more than 90% in comparison to the classic raining technique. It is time-saving and very suitable to reconstitute large model soil specimens effectively and quickly.
El mar como escenario en la obra literaria de Manuel Sánchez Mármol, escritor mexicano e impulsor de la novela realista en los siglos XIX y XX
Authors: Cerino Kristian Antonio 
Published: January 2023

El presente artículo es un acercamiento a la obra narrativa del escritor mexicano Manuel Sánchez Mármol con la finalidad de encontrar vasos comunicantes entre sus cuentos marítimos y otros relatos de la literatura universal, donde el mar se muestra al lector como un gran escenario.
A través de sus cuentos marítimos, Viaje de novios (1905), Oceánida (1904) y El túnel número 12 (1904), se busca este acercamiento a la narrativa de Sánchez Mármol, novelista y cuentista poco valorado en su tiempo e ignorado por la crítica literaria (Sol, 2011). Sánchez Mármol fue considerado un escritor realista y de acuerdo con sus escasos críticos, podría figurar al lado de Benito Pérez Galdós y José Tomás de Cuellar. Por ello, otro de los fines de este artículo, es poner sobre la mesa el nombre de un escritor escasamente estudiado, para su lectura y análisis, por medio del rescate de su obra y su memoria.
Peritoneum, a multifunkcionális hártya
Authors: Ferencz Andrea , Farahnak Khashayar , Bocskai Krisztián , Juhos Krisztina , Fehér Daniella , Csukás Domokos , Blázovics Anna , Szabó Györgyi , Sándor József 
Published: January 2023

Összefoglaló.
Bevezetés: Ma már bizonyítékokra épült elvárás, hogy a hasi
műtétek során az atraumatikus műtéti technika, a pontos és teljes
vérzéscsillapítás, az idegen anyagok eltávolítása mellett a peritonealis felszín
mechanikus károsodását, kiszáradását is el kell kerülni. A hashártya kiterjedt
felszínével, különleges szöveti szerkezetével nemcsak fontos szereplője a
normális élettani folyamatoknak, hanem mint a „hasüreg őre” fontos szerephez jut
a gyulladásos folyamatok lokalizálásában, dializáló felszínként is hasznos, és a
daganatok kezelésében teret ad a hipertermiás hasüregi kemoterápiának.
A peritoneum-zsák legnagyobb része a vastag- és a vékonybelet borítja be. A
posztoperatív szövődmények elkerülésére mind a nyitott, mind a laparoszkópos
hasi műtétek során kerülendő a bélállomány kiszáradása, így a rehidrálás ma
rutineljárás. Ismeretes, hogy a bél kiszáradása posztoperatív adhéziók
létrejöttéhez vezet, továbbá a serosa károsodással jár, ez a bélfal
áteresztéséhez, perforációhoz is vezethet. Minden sebészi ajánlás kiemeli a bél
nedvesen tartásának fontosságát, miközben az ezt a nézetet támogató, vagy ennek
hiányát elemző kutatás, valós hatásvizsgálat elenyésző a szakirodalomban.
Közleményünk áttekinti e kérdéskör kórélettani mechanizmusait és sebészi
vonatkozásait, összefoglalja a peritoneum összetett funkcióira vonatkozó
legújabb kutatások eredményeit.
Summary.
Introduction: Not only atraumatic surgical technique, precise
bleeding control, removal foreign materials from the abdomen, but also avoiding
desiccation or mechanical damage of peritoneal surface at abdominal surgery mean
today evidence based expectation. Peritoneum with its extensive surface and
special histological structure represents an important factor in normal
physiological processes, furthermore as “Guard of abdomen” it has an important
role to localise inflammatory reactions, useful as dialysing surface and
provides also possibility for hyperthermic abdominal chemotherapy in tumour
treatment.
Largest part of peritoneal sac covers small intestine and colon. To prevent
postoperative complications it is necessary to avoid desiccation of intestinal
tract at laparoscopic and at open procedures as well – consequently “rehyration”
is a routine recommendation today. Desiccation of intestinal tract results
postoperative adhesions, furthermore damage of serosa will increase permeability
of intestine wall and can result perforation. All the surgical recommendations
suggest keeping intestine moist, whereas there are only a few real studies in
surgical literature to support or to deny this theory. Our study reviews the
pathophysiological and surgical respects of this situation and summarizes the
results of latest researches of combined functions of peritoneum.