bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The long-legged flies (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) in Egypt
Authors: El-Hawagry Magdi S. A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The Dolichopodidae, commonly known as long-legged flies, are a cosmopolitan dipteran family in the superfamily Empidoidea. The adults and majority of larvae in this family are predaceous, feeding on small and soft-bodied invertebrates, and can be used as biological control agents. Nevertheless, only few old taxonomic studies on the Egyptian dolichopodids have been carried out.

Results
All dolichopodid taxa known to be represented in Egypt are cataloged in the present study. The classification of all species is updated, with synonyms, type localities, distributions and data of collection from Egypt being provided. Colored photographs of some species are also provided. Syntypes of eight species are preserved in the collection of Efflatoun Bey, Cairo University, Egypt (EFC), namely Asyndetus albifacies Parent, 1929; A. albifrons Parent, 1929; Argyrochlamys cavicola (Parent, 1929); Aphrosylus parcearmatus Parent, 1925; Thinophilus atritarsis Parent, 1929; T. maculatus Parent, 1929; T. spinulosus Parent, 1929 and T. tinctus Parent, 1929. Lectotypes are designated from these syntypes in the present work.

Conclusion
Sixty-six species in 21 genera and 8 subfamilies are known to be represented from Egypt and cataloged in the present study. One of these species, Tachytrechus notatus (Stannius, 1831), is recorded herein for the first time. Lectotypes are designated for eight species in the collection of Efflatoun Bey, Cairo University.
In vivo studies on evaluation of endophytic fungi extract from Trichoderma viride against cervical cancer
Authors: Harikrishnan Sheeba , Mohamed Yacoob Syed Ali , Venkatraman Anuradha , Nagarajan Yogananth , Kuppusam Saravanan Govidasamy 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The crude ethyl acetate Trichoderma viride extract obtained from Ziziphus mauritiana was initially analyzed by HPLC for identification of major bioactive compounds, and then, it was subjected for in vivo acute and sub-acute toxicity, cervical cancer studies using Wistar albino rats.

Result
During acute toxicity studies, animal groups treated with distinct dosage of 2000 mg/kg restrained toxicity signs in tested groups compared to controls for 14 days which established to be secure and non-toxic even at high dose. However, in terms of sub-acute toxicity studies, animals were given with repeated amount of (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg) for a period of 28 days along with control group. Upon investigations of hematological, biochemical and histopathological studies repeated dose of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg of T. viride extract found to be normal and no other major changes observed among treated groups. During in vivo studies, after treatment of T. viride extract (40 mg/kg) effectively inhibited the cervical cancer cell growth in DES-treated groups. Through HPLC analysis the major compound ursolic acid and 2,5-piperazinedione were mainly identified.

Conclusion
The secondary metabolites of endophytes have been used substantially for the sustainable production of therapeutically important compounds. The limited availability of bioactive principles in plant sources could be surpassed by exploiting the chemical entities in the endophytes. In the present investigation, it has been accomplished that ethyl acetate extract of T. viride was safe at higher and lower dosage could be considered for pharmacological studies from plant may provide an excellent avenue for the discovery of drug candidates against deadly cancer diseases.
Distributed acoustic sensing of ocean-bottom seismo-acoustics and distant storms: A case study from Svalbard, Norway
Authors: Taweesintananon Kittinat , Landrø Martin , Potter John Robert , Johansen Ståle Emil , Rørstadbotnen Robin André , Bouffaut Léa , Kriesell Hannah Joy , Brenne Jan Kristoffer , Haukanes Aksel , Schjelderup Olaf , Storvik Frode 
Published: February 2023

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) leverages an ocean-bottom telecommunication fiber-optic cable into a densely sampled array of strain sensors. We demonstrate DAS applications to passive acoustic monitoring through an experiment on a submarine fiber-optic cable in Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway. We find that DAS can measure many types of signals in the frequency range from 0.01 to 20 Hz generated by dynamics in the atmosphere, ocean, and solid earth. These include ocean-bottom loading pressure fluctuation of ocean surface waves generated by storms, winds, and airflow turbulence, shear-wave resonances in low-velocity near-surface sediments, acoustic resonances in the water column, and propagating seismic waves. We find that DAS can record high-quality low-frequency seismo-acoustic waves down to 0.01 Hz, which could be used for subsurface exploration. Using the shear-wave resonances recorded by DAS, we can determine the subsurface structure of near-surface sediments with low velocity. In addition, we can trace ocean swells back to their origins of distant storms as far as 13,000 km away from the cable. Because DAS is capable of seismo-acoustic monitoring with a high spatial resolution of approximately 1 m over a cable of approximately 100 km long and with a broadband sensitivity down to 0.01 Hz on the low end, it can deliver great scientific value to the ocean observation and geophysics community.
An Innovative Approach for Formulation of Rutin Tablets Targeted for Colon Cancer Treatment
Authors: Ismail Aliaa , El-Biyally Ebtesam , Sakran Wedad 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was the improvement of rutin solubility along with targeting its release to colon for effective treatment of colon cancer. Five formulations of compression-coated tablets were prepared with the same core composition including rutin-polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 solid dispersion (rutin-PVP K30 SD) but differ in being coated with either frankincense alone or different combinations of frankincense with gelatin. The superior formula was selected based on the in vitro drug release then further evaluated in terms of physical properties and in vivo performance in dogs using X-ray. Moreover, in vitro cytotoxicity of rutin, rutin-PVP K30 SD, frankincense, and a mixture of rutin-PVP K30 SD with frankincense in a ratio representing their concentrations in the selected formula was assessed against human colon cancer (HCT-116) cell lines using sulforhodamine B assay. The formula (F4) with the coat consisted of 65%w/w frankincense and 35%w/w gelatin achieved acceptable in vitro controlled drug release. In vivo X-ray in dogs confirmed that F4 tablet could remain intact in the stomach and small intestine until reaching the colon. In vitro cytotoxicity revealed that mixture of rutin-PVP K30 SD with frankincense was more effective in arresting cancer cell growth than rutin or frankincense alone. Moreover, stability studies revealed that F4 tablets were physically and chemically stable. Thus, improving rutin solubility using solid dispersion technique and formulating it into frankincense-based compression-coated (F4) tablets would be a successful approach for colonic delivery of rutin with potential of improving therapeutic efficacy.
Graphical Abstract
Continuum modeling of soft glassy materials under shear
Authors: Benzi Roberto , Divoux Thibaut , Barentin Catherine , Manneville Sébastien , Sbragaglia Mauro , Toschi Federico 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Soft Glassy Materials (SGM) consist in dense amorphous assemblies of colloidal particles of multiple shapes, elasticity, and interactions, which confer upon them solid-like properties at rest. They are ubiquitously encountered in modern engineering, including additive manufacturing, semi-solid flow cells, dip coating, adhesive locomotion, where they are subjected to complex mechanical histories. Such processes often include a solid-to-liquid transition induced by large enough shear, which results in complex transient phenomena such as non-monotonic stress responses, i.e., stress overshoot, and spatially heterogeneous flows, e.g., shear banding or brittle failure. In the present article, we propose a pedagogical introduction to a continuum model based on a spatially resolved fluidity approach that we recently introduced to rationalize shear-induced yielding in SGMs. Our model, which relies upon non-local effects, quantitatively captures salient features associated with such complex flows, including the rate dependence of the stress overshoot, as well as transient shear-banded flows together with non-trivial scaling laws for fluidization times. This approach offers a versatile framework to account for subtle effects, such as avalanche-like phenomena, or the impact of boundary conditions, which we illustrate by including in our model the elasto-hydrodynamic slippage of soft particles compressed against solid surfaces.
First report on molecular identification of Fusarium species causing fruit rot of mandarin (Citrus reticulata) in Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Mohammed Faruk , Islam Mohammed Asadul , Sikdar Biswanath 
Published: February 2023

Background: Fusarium rot is a newly introduced, devastating disease of citrus fruits. The current investigation was undertaken to characterize the microbes responsible for fruit rot in Citrus reticulata. Methods: Pathogens were isolated from infected citrus fruits using morphological and molecular approaches. For confirmation of the isolated fungi, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and internal transcribed spacer gene sequencing techniques were used. Results: The isolated fungus was grown on potato dextrose agar for three days and it produced clamydospores, hyphae and macroconidia. PCR amplification of isolated fungal DNA gave a 650 bp product. The sequence obtained from isolated fungi had 99.42% similarity with the reference Fusarium concentricum sequence in NCBI GenBank. The obtained sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. MT856371). Two isolates showed virulence capability on fresh guava, sweet orange and tomato fruits, which confirmed species identification and Koch’s postulates. Artificially inoculated fungal species grown on tested fruits showed typical Fusarium species symptoms. Conclusions: Outcomes of the present study are beneficial for the detection of this detrimental disease in postharvest Citrus reticulata fruits. Further research is needed for the control of this economically important disease. This is the first study of fruit rot in Citrus reticulata caused by Fusarium in Bangladesh.
The economic costs of malaria in pregnancy: evidence from four sub-Saharan countries
Authors: Cirera Laia , Sacoor Charfudin , Meremikwu Martin , Ranaivo Louise , F. Manun’Ebo Manu , Arikpo Dachi , Matavele Osvaldo , Rafaralahy Victor , Ndombe Didier , Pons Duran Clara , Ramirez Maximo , Ramponi Francesco , González Raquel , Maly Christina , Roman Elaine , Sicuri Elisa , Pagnoni Franco , Menéndez Clara 
Published: February 2023

Background Malaria in pregnancy is a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), which imposes a significant economic burden. We provide evidence on the costs of malaria care in pregnancy to households and the health system in four high-burden countries in SSA. Methods Household and health system economic costs associated with malaria control in pregnancy were estimated in selected areas of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Madagascar (MDG), Mozambique (MOZ) and Nigeria (NGA). An exit survey was administered to 2,031 pregnant women when leaving the antenatal care (ANC) clinic from October 2020 to June 2021. Women reported the direct and indirect costs associated to malaria prevention and treatment in pregnancy. To estimate health system costs, we interviewed health workers from 133 randomly selected health facilities. Costs were estimated using an ingredients-based approach. Results Average household costs of malaria prevention per pregnancy were USD6.33 in DRC, USD10.06 in MDG, USD15.03 in MOZ and USD13.33 in NGA. Household costs of treating an episode of uncomplicated/complicated malaria were USD22.78/USD46 in DRC, USD16.65/USD35.65 in MDG, USD30.54/USD61.25 in MOZ and USD18.92/USD44.71 in NGA, respectively. Average health system costs of malaria prevention per pregnancy were USD10.74 in DRC, USD16.95 in MDG, USD11.17 in MOZ and USD15.64 in NGA. Health system costs associated with treating an episode of uncomplicated/complicated malaria were USD4.69/USD101.41 in DRC, USD3.61/USD63.33 in MDG, USD4.68/USD83.70 in MOZ and USD4.09/USD92.64 in NGA. These estimates resulted in societal costs of malaria prevention and treatment per pregnancy of USD31.72 in DRC, USD29.77 in MDG, USD31.98 in MOZ and USD46.16 in NGA. Conclusions Malaria in pregnancy imposes a high economic burden on households and the health system. Findings emphasize the importance of investing in effective strategies that improve access to malaria control and reduce the burden of the infection in pregnancy.
An introduction to a modern procedure for anterior composite restorations and black triangle closure using a novel matrix system: part 1
Authors: Burgess Claire , Hassall Dominic 
Published: February 2023

The Bioclear Method is a modern approach to direct composite restorations that gives both patients and dentists the longevity, both cosmetically and functionally, that they desire. This article explains the principles of the Bioclear Method and presents clinical cases where the Bioclear Method has been used. The article also includes examples of black triangle closure, a patient concern that practitioners have been reluctant to treat in the past using traditional composite methods. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article highlights a clinically relevant and modern method that can be used for placing all direct composite restorations.
Scarlet fever and the dental team
Authors: Manson Rebecca 
Published: February 2023

Scarlet fever is a mild, but highly contagious disease caused by Group A Streptococcus (GAS) bacteria. Scarlet fever begins with flu-like symptoms and, within the first 12-48 hours, it is common for a rash to develop that feels like sandpaper to the touch. In rare cases, GAS bacteria can cause an invasive infection that can be fatal. Invasive GAS (iGAS) infection occurs when the bacteria are in a place of the body where they are not normally found, such as the blood stream. Scarlet fever is usually treated with antibiotics, which can reduce the chances of the patient developing iGAS and reduce the risk of them spreading the infection to others. The World Health Organization and UK Health Security Agency have announced that the number of scarlet fever and iGAS cases observed in children has been several times higher than pre-pandemic levels for the equivalent period of time. As healthcare professionals, it is important that the dental team understand key aspects of scarlet fever. Here, scarlet fever symptoms, transmission, clinical manifestations, antibiotic treatment, and risks to the dental team are reviewed. CPD/Clinical Relevance: To describe epidemiology of scarlet fever and discuss the implications for the dental team.
Acrylic dentures: fill the gap. part 2. indirect retention, major connectors, review of the design and case study
Authors: Leyssen Wouter , Heran Jasmeet , Walmsley AD 
Published: February 2023

Many dental students find the principles of partial denture design difficult to learn. It is also recognized that dentists in general practice within the UK do not always provide sufficient design specification on their laboratory prescription. It therefore seems that confusion about how to come up with a suitable denture design persists after graduation. The aim of the second part of this series relates to design principles of indirect retention, designing the major connector and how to put together all these elements when reviewing the overall design, and how to apply the denture concepts to a case study. This article also discusses recent advances in mucosal-borne partial dentures. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article revises the principles of partial denture design specifically in relation to mucosal-borne partial dentures.
Chatter-suppressing ruling method based on double-layer elastic support
Authors: Yu Shuo , Jirigalantu  , Yu Hongzhu , Yao Xuefeng , Li Wenhao 
Published: February 2023

A cross-hinge spring is the preferred support for a ruling tool because of its excellent flexibility. However, there are high precision requirements for the tool installation, which make the installation and adjustments difficult. There also is poor robustness against interference, which readily results in tool chatter. These issues affect the quality of the grating. This paper proposes an elastic ruling tool carrier with a double-layer parallel-spring mechanism, establishes a torque model of the spring, and analyzes its force state. In a simulation, the spring deformation and frequency modes of the two ruling tool carriers are compared and the overhang length of the parallel-spring mechanism is optimized. In addition, the performance of the optimized ruling tool carrier is analyzed in a grating ruling experiment to verify the carrier’s effectiveness. The results show that compared to the cross-hinge elastic support, the deformation of the parallel-spring mechanism by a ruling force in the X direction is on the same order of magnitude. However, the deformation in the Y direction is reduced by a factor of 270, and the deformation in the Z direction is reduced by a factor of 32. The torque of the proposed tool carrier is slightly higher (12.8%) in the Z direction but lower by a factor of 2.5 in the X direction and by a factor of 60 in the Y direction. The overall stiffness of the proposed tool carrier is improved and the first-order frequency of the proposed structure is higher by a factor of 2.8. The proposed tool carrier thus better suppresses chatter, effectively reducing the effect of the ruling tool installation error on the grating quality. The flutter suppression ruling method can provide a technical basis for further research on high-precision grating ruling manufacturing technology.
Health facility assessments of cervical cancer prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment services in Gulu, Uganda
Authors: Chongsuwat Tana , Ibrahim Aaliyah O. , Evensen Ann E. , Conway James H. , Zwick Margaret , Oloya William 
Published: February 2023

Background
Cervical cancer is ranked globally in the top three cancers for women younger than 45 years, with the average age of death at 59 years of age. The highest burden of disease is in low-to-middle income countries (LMICs), responsible for 90% of the 311,000 cervical cancer deaths in 2018. This growing health disparity is due to the lack of quality screening and treatment programs, low human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates, and high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection rates. To address these gaps in care, we need to develop a clear understanding of the resources and capabilities of LMICs’ health care facilities to provide prevention, early diagnosis through screening, and treatment for cervical cancer.

Objectives
This project aimed to assess baseline available cervical cancer prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment resources, at facilities designated as Health Center III or above, in Gulu, Uganda.

Methods
We adapted the World Health Organization’s Harmonized Health Facility Assessment for our own HFA and grading scale, deploying it in October 2021 for a cross-sectional analysis of 21 health facilities in Gulu.

Results
Grading of Health Center IIIs (n = 16) concluded that 37% had “excellent” or “good” resources available, and 63% of facilities had “poor” or “fair” resources available. Grading of Health Center IVs and above (n = 5) concluded that 60% of facilities had “excellent” or “good” resources, and 40% had “fair” resources available.

Discussion
The analysis of health facilities in Gulu demonstrated subpar resources available for cervical cancer prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment. Focused efforts are needed to expand health centers’ resources and capability to address rising cervical cancer rates and related health disparities in LMICs. The development process for this project’s HFA can be applied to global cervical cancer programming to determine gaps in resources and indicate areas to target improved health equity.
STIMULATE-ICP: A pragmatic, multi-centre, cluster randomised trial of an integrated care pathway with a nested, Phase III, open label, adaptive platform randomised drug trial in individuals with Long COVID: A structured protocol
Authors: Forshaw Denise , Wall Emma C. , Prescott Gordon , Dehbi Hakim-Moulay , Green Angela , Attree Emily , Hismeh Lyth , Strain William D. , Crooks Michael G. , Watkins Caroline , Robson Chris , Banerjee Rajarshi , Lorgelly Paula , Heightman Melissa , Banerjee Amitava ,   the STIMULATE-ICP trial team
Published: February 2023

Introduction
Long COVID (LC), the persistent symptoms ≥12 weeks following acute COVID-19, presents major threats to individual and public health across countries, affecting over 1.5 million people in the UK alone. Evidence-based interventions are urgently required and an integrated care pathway approach in pragmatic trials, which include investigations, treatments and rehabilitation for LC, could provide scalable and generalisable solutions at pace.

Methods and analysis
This is a pragmatic, multi-centre, cluster-randomised clinical trial of two components of an integrated care pathway (Coverscan™, a multi-organ MRI, and Living with COVID Recovery™, a digitally enabled rehabilitation platform) with a nested, Phase III, open label, platform randomised drug trial in individuals with LC. Cluster randomisation is at level of primary care networks so that integrated care pathway interventions are delivered as “standard of care” in that area. The drug trial randomisation is at individual level and initial arms are rivaroxaban, colchicine, famotidine/loratadine, compared with no drugs, with potential to add in further drug arms. The trial is being carried out in 6–10 LC clinics in the UK and is evaluating the effectiveness of a pathway of care for adults with LC in reducing fatigue and other physical, psychological and functional outcomes at 3 months. The trial also includes an economic evaluation which will be described separately.

Ethics and dissemination
The protocol was reviewed by South Central—Berkshire Research Ethics Committee (reference: 21/SC/0416). All participating sites obtained local approvals prior to recruitment. Coverscan™ has UK certification (UKCA 752965). All participants will provide written consent to take part in the trial. The first participant was recruited in July 2022 and interim/final results will be disseminated in 2023, in a plan co-developed with public and patient representatives. The results will be presented at national and international conferences, published in peer reviewed medical journals, and shared via media (mainstream and social) and patient support organisations.

Trial registration number
ISRCTN10665760.