bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fecal incontinence and associated pelvic floor dysfunction during and one year after the first pregnancy
Authors: Jansson Markus Harry , Franzén Karin , Tegerstedt Gunilla , Brynhildsen Jan , Hiyoshi Ayako , Nilsson Kerstin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionObstetric anal sphincter injury is an important risk factor for postpartum fecal incontinence but few studies have reported fecal incontinence occurring, even during pregnancy. The first objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of fecal incontinence, obstructed defecation and vaginal bulging early and late in pregnancy and postpartum. The second objective was to assess the association between symptoms in pregnancy, delivery characteristics, and bowel and vaginal bulging symptoms at 1 year postpartum.Material and methodsThis prospective cohort study was conducted between October 2014 and October 2017, including 898 nulliparous women enrolled with the maternity healthcare service in Örebro County, Sweden. The women responded to questionnaires regarding pelvic floor dysfunction in early and late pregnancy and at 8 weeks and 1 year postpartum. The data were analyzed using random effect logistic models estimating odds ratios (ORs) and generalized linear models estimating relative risks, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsAt 1 year postpartum, the prevalence of fecal incontinence, obstructed defecation and vaginal bulging was 6% (40/694), 28% (197/699) and 8% (56/695), respectively. Among women with vaginal delivery, the risk of fecal incontinence and vaginal bulging increased significantly both in late pregnancy, with ORs of 3.4 (95% CI 1.5–7.7) and 3.6 (95% CI 1.6–8.1), respectively, and at 1 year postpartum, with ORs of 5.0 (95% CI 2.1–11.5) and 8.3 (95% CI 3.8–18.1), respectively, compared with early pregnancy. Among all women, factors associated with increased prevalence of fecal incontinence 1 year postpartum were fecal incontinence during pregnancy (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 7.4; 95% CI 4.1–13.3), obstructed defecation during pregnancy (aRR 2.0; 95% CI 1.1–3.9) and concurrent obstructed defecation (aRR 2.4; 95% CI 1.3–4.5).ConclusionsThis prospective study shows an increased risk of fecal incontinence by late pregnancy, suggesting that the pregnancy itself may be involved in the development of postpartum fecal incontinence. Obstructed defecation during pregnancy and postpartum was found to be associated with increased risk of fecal incontinence postpartum, indicating that postpartum fecal incontinence may be a result of incomplete bowel emptying.
Predicting the use of a COVID‐19 contact tracing application: A study across two points of measurements
Authors: Scholz Urte , Mundry Roger , Freund Alexandra M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractContact tracing mobile applications (apps) were important in combating the COVID‐19 pandemic. Most previous studies predicting contact tracing app use were cross‐sectional and not theory‐based. This study aimed at contributing to a better understanding of app use intentions and app use by applying an extended version of the protection motivation theory across two measurement points while accounting for the development of the pandemic. A total of N = 1525 participants from Switzerland (Mage = 53.70, SD = 18.73; 47% female; n = 270 completed both assessments) reported on risk perceptions, response efficacy, self‐efficacy, social norms, trust in government, trust in the healthcare system, active search of COVID‐19‐related information, intentions for and actual (self‐reported) app use. Analyses included country‐specific incidences and death toll. Increases in response‐efficacy, self‐efficacy, trust in government, and the active search of COVID‐19‐related information predicted increased app‐use intentions. Increases in self‐efficacy, intentions, and the active search of COVID‐19‐related information predicted increased self‐reported app use. Risk perceptions, incidence, and death toll were unrelated to both outcomes. Across an aggravation of the pandemic situation, intentions for and app use were primarily related to response‐efficacy, self‐efficacy, trust in government, and the active search of COVID‐19‐related information.
Daily self‐weighing compared with an active control causes greater negative affective lability in emerging adult women: A randomized trial
Authors: Pacanowski C. R. , Dominick G. , Crosby R. D. , Engel S. G. , Cao L. , Linde J. A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAge‐related weight gain prevention may reduce population overweight/obesity. Emerging adulthood is a crucial time to act, as rate of gain accelerates and health habits develop. Evidence supports self‐weighing (SW) for preventing weight gain; however, how SW impacts psychological states and behaviors in vulnerable groups is unclear. This study assessed daily SW effects on affective lability, stress, weight‐related stress, body satisfaction, and weight‐control behaviors. Sixty‐nine university females (aged 18–22) were randomized to daily SW or temperature‐taking (TT) control. Over 2 weeks, participants completed five daily ecological momentary assessments with their intervention behavior. A graph of their data with a trendline was emailed daily, with no other intervention components. Multilevel mixed models with random effect for day assessed variability in positive/negative affect. Generalized linear mixed models assessed outcomes pre‐ and post‐SW or TT and generalized estimating equations assessed weight‐control behaviors. Negative affective lability was significantly greater for SW versus TT. While general stress did not differ between groups, weight‐related stress was significantly higher and body satisfaction was significantly lower post‐behavior for SW but not TT. Groups did not significantly differ in the number or probability of weight‐control behaviors. Caution is advised when recommending self‐weighing to prevent weight gain for emerging adults.
Pharmacokinetic profile of irinotecan in patients with chronic kidney disease: Two cases and literature review
Authors: Chui Chang Yue , Moes Dirk Jan A. R. , Koolen Stijn L. W. , Swen Jesse J. , Gelderblom Hans 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsThere are limited pharmacokinetic data on the use of irinotecan in patients with reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and no haemodialysis. In this case report, we present 2 cases and review the current literature.MethodsThe dose of irinotecan in both patients was reduced pre‐emptively due to reduced GFR. The first patient had her irinotecan dose reduced to 50%, but was nevertheless admitted to hospital because of irinotecan‐induced toxicity, including gastrointestinal toxicity and neutropenic fever. The dose was reduced further to 40% for the second cycle; however, the patient was again admitted to the hospital, and irinotecan was stopped indefinitely. The second patient also had his irinotecan dose reduced to 50% and was admitted to the emergency department for gastrointestinal toxicity after the first cycle. However, irinotecan could be administered in the same dose in later cycles.ResultsThe area under the curve to infinity of irinotecan and SN‐38 in the first patient were comparable to those of an individual receiving 100% dose intensity. The area under the curve to infinity of irinotecan and SN‐38 in patient 2 in both cycles were slightly less than reference values. Furthermore, clearance values of irinotecan and SN‐38 in our patients were comparable to those without renal impairment.ConclusionOur case report suggests that reduced GFR may not significantly affect the clearance of irinotecan and SN‐38, but can still result in clinical toxicity. Reduced initial dosing seems indicated in this patient population. Further research is needed to fully understand the relationship between reduced GFR, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of irinotecan and SN‐38.
Analysis of Dynamic Restricted Mean Survival Time Based on Pseudo-Observations
Authors: Yang Zijing , Zhang Chengfeng , Hou Yawen , Chen Zheng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In clinical follow-up studies with a time-to-event end point, the difference in the restricted mean survival time (RMST) is a suitable substitute for the hazard ratio (HR). However, the RMST only measures the survival of patients over a period of time from the baseline and cannot reflect changes in life expectancy over time. Based on the RMST, we study the conditional restricted mean survival time (cRMST) by estimating life expectancy in the future according to the time that patients have survived, reflecting the dynamic survival status of patients during follow-up. In this paper, we introduce the estimation method of cRMST based on pseudo-observations, the statistical inference concerning the difference between two cRMSTs (cRMSTd), and the establishment of the robust dynamic prediction model using the landmark method. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the statistical properties of these methods. The results indicate that the estimation of the cRMST is accurate, and the dynamic RMST model has high accuracy in coefficient estimation and good predictive performance. In addition, an example of patients with chronic kidney disease who received renal transplantations is employed to illustrate that the dynamic RMST model can predict patients’ expected survival times from any prediction time, considering the time-dependent covariates and time-varying effects of covariates.
Conserved transcriptional programming across sex and species after peripheral nerve injury predicts treatments for neuropathic pain
Authors: Ghazisaeidi Shahrzad , Muley Milind M. , Tu YuShan , Finn David P. , Kolahdouzan Mahshad , Pitcher Graham M. , Kim Doyeon , Sengar Ameet S. , Ramani Arun K. , Brudno Michael , Salter Michael W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeChronic pain is a devastating problem affecting one in five individuals around the globe, with neuropathic pain the most debilitating and poorly treated type of chronic pain. Advances in transcriptomics have contributed to cataloguing diverse cellular pathways and transcriptomic alterations in response to peripheral nerve injury but have focused on phenomenology and classifying transcriptomic responses.Experimental approachTo identifying new types of pain‐relieving agents, we compared transcriptional reprogramming changes in the dorsal spinal cord after peripheral nerve injury cross‐sex and cross‐species, and imputed commonalities, as well as differences in cellular pathways and gene regulation.Key ResultsWe identified 93 transcripts in the dorsal horn that were increased by peripheral nerve injury in male and female mice and rats. Following gene ontology and transcription factor analyses, we constructed a pain interactome for the proteins encoded by the differentially expressed genes, discovering new, conserved signalling nodes. We investigated the interactome with the Drug‐Gene database to predict FDA‐approved medications that may modulate key nodes within the network. The top hit from the analysis was fostamatinib, the molecular target of which is the non‐receptor spleen associated tyrosine kinase (Syk), which our analysis had identified as a key node in the interactome. We found that intrathecally administrating the active metabolite of fostamatinib, R406 and another Syk inhibitor P505‐15, significantly reversed pain hypersensitivity in both sexes.Conclusions and ImplicationsThus, we have identified and shown the efficacy of an agent that could not have been previously predicted to have analgesic properties.
Darwin's ‘mystery of mysteries’: the role of sexual selection in plant speciation
Authors: Haghighatnia Mohammadjavad , Machac Antonin , Schmickl Roswitha , Lafon Placette Clément 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTSexual selection is considered one of the key processes that contribute to the emergence of new species. While the connection between sexual selection and speciation has been supported by comparative studies, the mechanisms that mediate this connection remain unresolved, especially in plants. Similarly, it is not clear how speciation processes within plant populations translate into large‐scale speciation dynamics. Here, we review the mechanisms through which sexual selection, pollination, and mate choice unfold and interact, and how they may ultimately produce reproductive isolation in plants. We also overview reproductive strategies that might influence sexual selection in plants and illustrate how functional traits might connect speciation at the population level (population differentiation, evolution of reproductive barriers; i.e. microevolution) with evolution above the species level (macroevolution). We also identify outstanding questions in the field, and suitable data and tools for their resolution. Altogether, this effort motivates further research focused on plants, which might potentially broaden our general understanding of speciation by sexual selection, a major concept in evolutionary biology.
Are low academic achievers less resilient? Resilience of low and high academic achievers in Mainland China
Authors: Wang Miao , Wang Ning 
Published: June 2023

AbstractResilience is essential for students to resist adversity, and low academic achievers (LAA) may experience more challenges in resilience development than high academic achievers (HAA). This study aimed to compare resilience between LAA and HAA and to analyse the effects of protective factors in order to inform social work practices. This study analysed 1125 school‐aged subjects derived from a large survey conducted in 23 districts/counties in eight provinces in mainland China. We ran independent sample t‐tests to compare resilience between LAA and HAA, ran linear regression models to analyse the effects of internal and external protective factors on resilience, and tested the mediation effects of the protective factors. This study found that LAA were less resilient and more vulnerable to adversity than HAA. Internal protective factors helped to explain resilience, two main subfactors of which—self‐efficacy and confidence—fully mediated the effects of academic performance and resilience. External protective factors did not significantly impact resilience. We propose service strategies to enhance self‐efficacy and confidence in LAA in order to improve their resilience in social work practices.
The feasibility of ultrasonography for the measurement of periodontal and peri‐implant phenotype: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fan Shengchi , Sáenz‐Ravello Gustavo , Al‐Nawas Bilal , Schiegnitz Eik , Diaz Leonardo , Sagheb Keyvan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundScreening ultrasonography was proposed for monitoring periodontal soft tissues in the early 1960s, owing to its nonionizing, real‐time, and cost‐effective properties. Studies have provided convincing preliminary evidence for the use of ultrasound (US) in implant dentistry.PurposeTo assess the feasibility of ultrasonography (US) for measuring the buccal thickness of periodontal and peri‐implant tissues. The secondary objective was to evaluate the reliability of US measurements compared to classic techniques, such as CBCT and directly measurements.Materials and MethodsAn electronic literature search was conducted by three independent reviewers through February 2023. The inclusion criteria were articles investigating at least five patients/cadavers with US measurements in periodontal or peri‐implant buccal tissues. Compliance with methodological reporting standards and risk of bias was assessed using EULAR and QUADAS‐C tools, respectively. Random‐effects meta‐analysis was conducted, using Bland–Altman analysis. Certainty of the evidence was assessed using GRADE.ResultsThe final selection included 12 studies examining 458 patients and 13 cadavers, with a total of 226 implants, 1958 teeth and 60 edentulous sites. The body of evidence was assessed as partially compliant with methodological reporting standards for US studies and had an unclear to high risk of bias. Meta‐analysis of five comparative studies showed no evidence of clinically significant bias between US and direct measurements (very low certainty), and between US and CBCT (very low certainty) for soft‐tissue thickness. Likewise, for bone thickness, there is no evidence of clinically significant bias between US and CBCT (low certainty).ConclusionsCompared to the CBCT and direct measurements, ultrasonography might be a reliable approach for monitoring on periodontal and peri‐implant phenotype. However, there is uncertainty about estimates of the actual effect, so further standardized and larger sample size of clinical research is needed.
Comparison of immunohistochemical mesothelial biomarkers in paired biopsies and effusion cytology cell blocks from pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Mansour Mohammed S. I. , Huseinzade Adela , Seidal Tomas , Hejny Kim , Maty Athar , Taheri‐Eilagh Fereshteh , Mager Ulrich , Dejmek Annika , Dobra Katalin , Brunnström Hans 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTraditionally, the diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma is based on histological material. Minimally invasive effusion cytology specimens are an alternative that, like biopsies, require ancillary analyses. Validation of immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses on cytology, including the surrogate markers for molecular alterations BAP1 and MTAP, is of interest.MethodsIHC for eight different markers was performed on 59 paired formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded pleural biopsies and pleural effusion cell blocks with mesothelioma. Immunoreactivity in ≥10% of tumour cells was considered positive/preserved. The concordance between histological and cytological materials was assessed.ResultsThe overall percentage of agreement between the histological epithelioid component in 58 biopsies and paired cell blocks was 93% for calretinin, 98% for CK5, 97% for podoplanin, 90% for WT1, 86% for EMA, 100% for desmin, 91% for BAP1, and 72% for MTAP. For 11 cases with biphasic or sarcomatoid histology, the concordance between cytology and the histological sarcomatoid component was low for calretinin, CK5, and WT1 (all ≤45%). For the whole cohort, loss of both BAP1 and MTAP was seen in 40% while both markers were preserved in 11% of the biopsies for epithelioid histology. The corresponding numbers were 54% and 8%, respectively, for the paired cell blocks.ConclusionsGenerally, a high concordance for IHC staining was seen between paired biopsies and pleural effusion cell blocks from mesotheliomas, but the somewhat lower agreement for WT1, EMA, and especially MTAP calls for further investigation and local quality assurance. The lower concordance for the sarcomatoid subtype for some markers may indicate biological differences.
Effects of dapagliflozin compared with glimepiride on body composition in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: The BEYOND study
Authors: Park Hyeong Kyu , Kim Kyoung‐Ah , Min Kyung‐Wan , Sohn Tae‐Seo , Jeong In Kyung , Ahn Chul Woo , Kim Nan‐Hee , Park Ie Byung , Cho Ho Chan , Chung Choon Hee , Choi Sung Hee , Park Kang Seo , Yang Seoung‐Oh , Lee Kwan Woo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effect of dapagliflozin on body composition such as total body fat (BF) mass, abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) areas compared with glimepiride in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsThis was a 52‐week, multicentre, randomized, parallel‐group, open‐label, Phase IV (NCT02564926) study. Patients with inadequate glycaemic control (glycated haemoglobin ≥7.0% and <10.0%) on metformin monotherapy (≥1000 mg/day) were randomized 1:1 to receive dapagliflozin 10 mg/day or glimepiride 1‐2 mg/day for 12 months as an add‐on to metformin. Baseline and end of study body composition evaluations included dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and abdominal computed tomography scans.ResultsOf 124 enrolled patients from 14 centres, 121 received study treatment (dapagliflozin: 60; glimepiride: 61) and 106 (85.5%) completed the study. Over 52 weeks, the dapagliflozin group showed the following differences versus the glimepiride group: −2.59 kg BF mass, −1.94% BF%, −17.55 cm2 VAT area, −18.39 cm2 SAT area, −0.46% glycated haemoglobin, −18.25 mg/dl fasting blood glucose, −3.7 kg weight, −2.21 cm waist circumference, −1.37 kg/m2 body mass index, −6.81 mmHg systolic blood pressure and +657.71 ng/ml in adiponectin; all were statistically significant. Both groups had similar incidences of adverse events; however, hypoglycaemic events were mainly (12 of 15) reported in the glimepiride group.ConclusionDapagliflozin reduced total BF mass, abdominal VAT and SAT areas, and showed better glycaemic control than glimepiride. Being safe and well‐tolerated, dapagliflozin appears to be a more favourable alternative to sulphonylureas as add‐on therapy after metformin monotherapy failure in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes.
Clinical effects of a combination of phenylbutazone and omeprazole on chronic lameness in Mongolian horses
Authors: Li Zhengyi , Du Shan , Wang Xiaomin , Zhang Lanxin , Liu Xinyu , Fan Quanrong , Yang Huidi , Gao Ruifeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPhenylbutazone (PBZ) is the most commonly used drug to treat symptoms of lameness in horses; however, it is associated with adverse effects such as gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS). Interestingly, many practitioners prescribe omeprazole (OME) concurrently with PBZ to prevent the development of EGUS. However, the efficacy and safety of this practice in Mongolian horses with chronic lameness remain unknown.ObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical effects of a combination of PBZ and OME on chronic lameness in Mongolian horses.Study designRandomised block experimental design.MethodsEighteen Mongolian horses with lameness score was ≥3 points, were divided into three treatment groups, with six horses in each group: placebo (CON), PBZ (4.4 mg/kg PO q. 24 h), or PBZ plus OME (4 mg/kg PO q. 24 h; PBZ + OME) in a randomised block design based on the initial lameness score. The horses were treated for 15 days. During this period, weekly gastroscopy, and physiological and biochemical tests were performed.ResultsBoth PBZ (median 1.0, interquartile range [IQR]: 0.8–1.3; p = 0.01) and PBZ + OME (median 1.0, IQR: 1.0–1.0; p = 0.01) significantly decreased the lameness score compared with before administration. In addition, PBZ significantly increased the equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) score (3.0 ± 0.6, p < 0.001), GT‐17 content (293.4 ± 21.8 pg/mL, p < 0.001), and pepsinogen‐1 (PG1) content (295.3 ± 38.3 ng/mL, p < 0.001) compared with CON or PBZ + OME. However, it significantly reduced the total protein (53.6 ± 1.5 g/L, p < 0.05) and albumin (25.5 ± 1.8 g/L, p < 0.05) contents. Nevertheless, compared with PBZ, PBZ + OME significantly decreased the EGGD score (0.3 ± 0.5, p < 0.001) and significantly increased the gastric fluid pH (7.3 ± 0.5, p < 0.001), total protein content (62.5 ± 4.6 g/L, p = 0.009), and albumin content (29.4 ± 1.1 g/L, p = 0.004). Meanwhile, they significantly diminished the gastrin 17 (GT‐17) (162.0 ± 21.0 pg/mL, p < 0.001) and PG1 (182.4 ± 22.5 ng/mL, p < 0.001) contents.Main limitationsIndividual differences in horses were larger, but the sample size was small. There was larger interval between observations for each index.ConclusionsCompared with PBZ alone, PBZ + OME had no therapeutic effect on chronic lameness; however, it reduced the occurrence of EGGD in Mongolian horses. Horses may be protected against chronic lameness and PBZ‐induced EGGD by increasing the pH value, decreasing serum PG1 and GT‐17 content, and preventing the reduction of myeloperoxidase content.