bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of external reflector and glass cover cooling on thermo‐enviro‐economic performance of a stepped solar still
Authors: Nand Asha , Manchanda Himanshu , Kumar Mahesh , Grewal Rahul , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the current research work, performance enhancement of stepped solar still (SSS) having an external reflector (ER) and glass cover cooling (GCC) arrangements is presented. The individual and combined effects of ER and GCC on the performance of SSS have been evaluated and compared with simple SSS. The GCC reduces the glazing temperature significantly and results in increased distillate. The ER reflected the solar radiation inside the basin that increases the water temperature, consequently increasing distillate. The SSS having ER and GCC (SSS‐ER‐GCC) gave a maximum distillate of 4.340 kg/m2 which was observed, respectively, 12.43%, 3.21%, and 1.36% higher than that of simple SSS, SSS with ER (SSS‐ER) and SSS with GCC (SSS‐GCC). The average energy efficiency of SSS‐ER‐GCC was evaluated as 40.78%, which was found to be 14.36%, 7.84%, and 10.64%, respectively, higher than that of simple SSS, SSS‐ER, and SSS‐GCC. The carbon credits earned and CO2 mitigation were found the maximum for SSS‐ER‐GCC having values $65.96 and 4.40 tons, respectively. The economic payback period was found the minimum (490 days) for SSS‐ER‐GCC.
MBSE Model Management Pain Points – Wait, this looks familiar!
Authors: Papke Barry , Hause Matthew , Hetherington David , McGervey Sean , Rodriguez Sami 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIt has been almost 20 years since INCOSE and the OMG kicked off an effort to create a standardized model‐based systems engineering modeling language. That effort culminated in 2006 with the creation of the Systems Modeling language (SysML). Over the past several years, numerous industries have increased their adoption of SysML and MBSE as a core practice within their engineering lifecycles. However, they have not achieved many of the originally envisioned benefits. On closer inspection, many of the challenges and barriers with which MBSE practitioners are currently struggling are remarkably similar to the problems seen in large DoD software programs from the 1970s and 80s and were resolved decades ago by the software development community regarding scale and complexity. System models are becoming larger and more complex. Yet, in this expanding and maturing MBSE environment, projects continue to experience problems with model integration, repository performance and model lifecycle management. It is time to go back and take another look at how the software community attacked problems of extreme scale.The similarity between MBSE's model management pain points and those experienced years ago by the software industry is not unexpected. Adoption of MBSE requires the replacement of the largely manual, document‐based engineering processes with a complex engineering information processing system. Unlike documents, the models produced by that system are living artifacts that require management over the project lifecycle and which have all the characteristics and complexity of software.This paper presents a framework for MBSE planning and model lifecycle management based on the key practices from Systems Engineering and Software Engineering to provide an actionable set of best practices that can be applied today to address current MBSE lifecycle management issues. We have organized these best practices around three key MBSE Model Management Imperatives.
Using HOQ Methodology to Prioritise Organisational Resilience Decisions in Training Establishments
Authors: Jnitova Victoria , Joiner Keith , Efatmaneshnik Mahmoud , Ferris Timothy L.J. , Chang Elizabeth 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResilience has become an attractive proposition in many organisations seeking to perform well under adversity and uncertainty in a dynamic and changing operational environment. We developed a survey tool to measure organisational resilience and implemented it in several large training establishments. The gap between the training organisations' actual and desired resilience was identified through analysis of the survey's quantitative responses. The survey's qualitative (free‐form) responses underwent inductive (thematic) and deductive (resilience attribute allocation) analysis to expand our understanding of training establishment problems and possible solutions from the survey participants' perspectives. Here we applied the House of Quality (HOQ) approach to prioritise the solutions to the organisational issues identified from the qualitative responses to align those with the organisational resilience attributes' priorities. The organisational resilience attributes were prioritised in another round of HOQ application to align them with the importance scores of the organisation‐specific resilience requirements. We used the results from our two HOQ rounds to create an optimal path (response) to move from actual to desired organisational resilience, demonstrated in a survey‐based resilience case study conducted in a large Defence training establishment.
Involving Non‐Technical Stakeholders in System Architecture Design; a Case‐Study on the Cleaning Industry
Authors: van Zijl R. (Roy) , Raub T. (Thomas) , van Rompay T.J.L. (Thomas) , Nizamis K. (Kostas) , Bonnema G. M. (Maarten) 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThere exists a grey area between market‐pull and technology‐push markets, in which stakeholders are aware of an issue they want solved, yet do not have clear expectations on a solution. This paper presents a method to meaningfully include these stakeholders in a design process, especially if they come from a non‐technical background. A combination of Systems Engineering for indirect involvement and a Human Centered Design approach for direct involvement of stakeholders is proposed and evaluated for a case study on technological advancements in the cleaning industry. It was found that both approaches complement each other throughout the problem exploration phase of the design process. Furthermore, a toolbox that can be used with design specialists and other stakeholders alike is presented and evaluated. Recommendations for the use of specific tools and techniques in similar situations are presented based on communication styles and experiences.
A Systematic and Traceable MOSA Evaluation Process for Systems Architectures: A Digital Engineering Tool
Authors: Anyanhun Awele , Fleming Clarissa , Matteson Whit 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA process for evaluating the degree to which an architecture embraces Modular Open Systems Approaches (MOSA) is germane to ensuring that MOSA principles are actually used in the development of defense systems architectures. Furthermore, such a process provides artifacts that can be used by program offices to justify their key architectural decisions and prove they embrace MOSA as required. Therefore, an approach which facilitates the assessment of architecture requirements for MOSA compliance—rather than system designs or products—provides the added benefit of ensuring applicable MOSA quality attributes are incorporated into architectures during the requirements development phase. To this end, a systematic and traceable MOSA evaluation process which uses derived sets of evaluable criteria to evaluate architecture requirements is developed. The process utilizes a digital engineering approach to establish, within the authoritative source of truth (model), traceability relationships that can be queried, analyzed, and used to validate whether the architecture and resultant system will exhibit modularity and openness characteristics.
Sustainability: A Complex System Governance Perspective
Authors: Keating Charles B. , Katina Polinpapilinho F. , Bradley Joseph M. , Hodge Richard , Pyne James C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the sustainability field from a Complex System Governance (CSG) perspective. In general, sustainability suggests maintenance at a specific rate or level. It is also frequently held as maintaining ecological balance to negate the depletion of natural resources. CSG offers sustainability a theoretically grounded, model based, and methodologically sound approach to better inform sustainability design, execution, and development for complex systems. CSG examines sustainability as an outcome‐based product resulting from effective governance of an underlying system which produces sustainability. Thus, sustainability is proposed as a ‘systems engineered product’, whose design, execution, and development will be favored by CSG systems engineering. Following an introduction, two primary objectives are pursued. First, Systems Theory is used to provide an alternative view of sustainability. Second, a perspective of sustainability is developed through the paradigm of the emerging CSG field. The paper closes with the contributions, opportunities, and challenges for deployment of CSG for enhanced development, transition, and maintenance of sustainable systems.
Using the Unified Architecture Framework in Support of Mission Engineering Activities
Authors: Martin James N , Alvarez Kyle E 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMission Engineering is the deliberate planning, analyzing, organizing, and integrating of current and emerging operational and system capabilities to achieve desired warfighting mission effects. A Mission Engineering process was developed to capture the approach defined in the DOD's Mission Engineering Guide. The purpose of this is to help train new mission engineers and merge this with standard approaches for capturing mission architectures. The Unified Architecture Framework (UAF) provides a framework of standardized views from which to model different aspects of an architecture, including the various concepts and properties of the mission being engineered. This paper will discuss mapping between the UAF workflow and steps in the Mission Engineering Guide and how to use UAF when doing Mission Engineering activities. The Mission Engineering steps are tied to the workflow steps in the Enterprise Architecture Guide for UAF to help inform mission engineers of which UAF views can be used during the Mission Engineering effort, especially when defining Mission Threads and Mission Engineering Threads that will be part of the overall Mission Architecture.
Using the Unified Architecture Framework to Perform Hazard Analysis for Systems of Systems
Authors: Kihlström Lars‐Olof , Hause Matthew , Fröberg Joakim 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHazard analysis for individual systems is a task that is required as part of the production of most complex systems to identify hazards and to take appropriate measures to alleviate such hazards. It is a laborious and expensive task that requires key specialists and lengthy analysis. This is not just for systems on their own. Since collaboration between systems is becoming increasingly important, this complicates hazard analysis even further. It requires a systemic process looking at the individual systems as well as the system of systems and the environment in which they operate. The example looks at the concept of platooning i.e., where trucks transporting goods can operate as a platoon, traveling very closely together under the control of a platoon leader. Platooning has the benefit of reducing traffic and harmful emissions but introduces new hazards that must be examined and mitigated. The paper describes an approach to hazard analysis for a system of systems (SoS) that uses a model created using the Unified Architecture Framework (UAF) as an aid in identifying and analyzing hazards.
A Conceptual Framework for the SE of AI‐Intensive Systems (SE4AI) – Considering Data Through the Life‐Cycle
Authors: Bhalla Jawahar , Cook Stephen C. , Harvey David J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper considers the challenge of the Systems Engineering of AI‐Intensive Systems (SE4AI) with a particular focus on their high reliance on data for model design verification, model training and model validation. The paper opens by describing the contextual background and reviewing contemporary AI/ML development approaches, identifying these to be largely software based “bottom‐up” driven by technological advancements, lacking a holistic top‐down “end‐to‐end” systems‐based perspective. Concepts and principles from systems thinking, modelling and simulation, and situation awareness are then briefly described in part two, as exaptive enabling building blocks, for integration into best‐practice evolutionary SE life‐cycle processes. A proposed tailored evolutionary SE life‐cycle process, with a focus on model design verification, model training and model validation data is then described in part three, through an example life‐cycle iteration, through each phase, in terms of the phase objective, the proposed refinement to the phase activities to cater for ML systems and the proposed phase outcomes. Related initiatives of direct relevance to this research are identified in part four, followed by a summary and conclusion.
An Approach for Linking Heterogenous and Domain‐Specific Models to Investigate Cabin System Variants
Authors: Fuchs Mara , Ghanjaoui Yassine , Biedermann Jörn , Nagel Björn 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper presents an approach to link heterogeneous and domain‐specific models. The background of this research is the complete investigation and comparison of cabin system variants, where many different aspects have to be represented. These include functional requirements, safety regulations, and geometric properties (e.g. installation space). However, these cannot always be validated or represented with just one model, as different levels of detail are required. Therefore, different discipline models have to be created, which in turn increases the complexity as a whole. Furthermore, the system to be represented by the models, such as the aircraft cabin, is already complex in itself. The many dependencies among each other and subsystems make it difficult to integrate new variants or technologies (e.g. liquid hydrogen) into the existing system architecture. The approach presented here therefore shows how the data and models of the different disciplines can interact with each other in order to be able to investigate variants holistically. This is demonstrated using the design of hatrack variants for a commercial aircraft.
Moving towards a Server‐Zone Vehicle Architecture with MBSE at Continental
Authors: Seidel Enrico , Forlingieri Marco 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe automotive industry is currently experiencing a major transition towards a revolutionary vehicle architecture concept known as Server‐Zone architecture. As a result, complexity increases exponentially and, in order to better deal with it, new development approaches like Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) are required. This paper focuses on how MBSE can support the migration towards a server‐zone vehicle architecture, using a real‐life example from Continental. Along with this example, the authors provide modeling insights into the application of Continental's MBSE framework.
The Quest for an Open Digital Thread: Challenges and Practices
Authors: Kulcsár Géza , Ráth István , Lunk Péter 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs INCOSE also envisions in their recently published vision paper on the future of systems engineering (https://www.incose.org/about-systems-engineering/se-vision-2035), the future society will experience a level of interconnectedness, interrelatedness and networkedness which was not seen before. The technical reality of the realization of this vision largely depends on how we interpret and implement the notion of openness. In particular, the OpenMBEE initiative represents an industrially backed research and development endeavor towards open systems engineering ecosystems of the future. In the OpenMBEE concept and tool portfolio, the open‐source aspect of openness is emphasized. In this paper, we aim at providing a complex analysis of the organizational, conceptual and technical landscape of open digital engineering ecosystems along the notion of the digital thread, where different, often commercially driven engineering domains, tools and stakeholder perspectives fuse into a single, interconnected digital engineering experience. What could be the role of commercial players in, and attitude towards open digital thread ecosystems? Where do emerging initiatives and standards like SysMLv2 take the systems engineering community from this perspective? The paper provides an in‐depth analysis of openness in digital engineering, as seen from a technological, organizational and techno‐social perspective.
Protective role of pyrroloquinoline quinone against gentamicin induced cochlear hair cell ototoxicity
Authors: Wu Kunyi , Wang Botao , Cao Bo , Ma Weijun , Zhang Yan , Cheng Ying , Hu Juan , Gao Ying 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGentamicin (GM) is one of the commonly used antibiotics in the aminoglycoside class but is ototoxic, which constantly impacts the quality of human life. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) as a redox cofactor produced by bacteria was found in soil and foods that exert an antioxidant and redox modulator. It is well documented that the PQQ can alleviate inflammatory responses and cytotoxicity. However, our understanding of PQQ in ototoxicity remains unclear. We reported that PQQ could protect against GM‐induced ototoxicity in House Ear Institute‐Organ of Corti 1 (HEI‐OC1) cells in vitro. To evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial function, ROS and JC‐1 staining, oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) measurements in living cells, mitochondrial dynamics analysis was performed. GM‐mediated damage was performed by reducing the production of ROS and inhibiting mitochondria biogenesis and dynamics. PQQ ameliorated the cellular oxidative stress and recovered mitochondrial membrane potential, facilitating the recovery of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics. Our in vitro findings improve our understanding of the GM‐induced ototoxicity with therapeutic implications for PQQ.
Development of molecular cluster models to probe pyrite surface reactivity
Authors: Kour Manjinder , Taborosi Attila , Boyd Eric S. , Szilagyi Robert K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe recent discovery that anaerobic methanogens can reductively dissolve pyrite and utilize dissolution products as a source of iron and sulfur to meet their biosynthetic demands for these elements prompted the development of atomic‐scale nanoparticle models, as maquettes of reactive surface sites, for describing the fundamental redox steps that take place at the mineral surface during reduction. The given report describes our computational approach for modeling n(FeS2) nanoparticles originated from mineral bulk structure. These maquettes contain a comprehensive set of coordinatively unsaturated Fe(II) sites that are connected via a range of persulfide (S22−) ligation. In addition to the specific maquettes with n = 8, 18, and 32 FeS2 units, we established guidelines for obtaining low‐energy structures by considering the pattern of ionic, covalent, and magnetic interactions among the metal and ligand sites. The developed models serve as computational nano‐reactors that can be used to describe the reductive dissolution mechanism of pyrite to better understand the reactive sites on the mineral, where microbial extracellular electron‐transfer reactions can occur.
Effects of aging methods on the adsorption of antibiotics in wastewater by soybean straw biochar
Authors: Li Xinyue , Jiang Yanyan , Liu Tonglinxi , Yuan Muzi , Ma Xiulan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe environmental pollution and ecological risks caused by the widespread use of antibiotics have attracted attention in recent years. Biochar materials have a rich pore diameter and can effectively adsorb pollutants from wastewater. However, biochar will experience high temperatures, freezing and thawing in nature, affecting its physicochemical properties and adsorption capacity. Three types of aged biochar were prepared by artificial simulated aging using soybean straw as raw material. The aged biochar's elemental composition and functional group species were investigated by characterization analysis, and their adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms were studied.RESULTSThe specific surface area and pore size of the three aged biochars were lower than those of fresh biochars. The increased number of oxygen‐containing functional groups of the aged biochars formed a water cluster interaction with norfloxacin (NOR), which was unfavorable to the adsorption of NOR. The adsorption mechanism of biochar on NOR comprises pore filling, electrostatic interaction, ion exchange and complexation.CONCLUSIONThe adsorption of NOR on biochar before and after aging was spontaneous and was described by quasi‐second kinetics and the Langmuir equation. Different aging methods influenced the physicochemical properties and adsorption performance of biochar, and the adsorption capacity of biochar was significantly reduced after aging. Therefore, the influence of climatic factors needs to be considered when using biochar to remove target pollutants. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Lymph node metastases in young patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor: A nationwide analysis
Authors: Fleming Andrew M. , Herb Joshua , Stiles Zachary E. , Burkbauer Laura , Dickson Paxton V. , Glazer Evan S. , Shibata David , Murphy Andrew J. , Davidoff Andrew M. , Gleeson Elizabeth , Kim Hong J. , Meyers Michael O. , Stitzenberg Karyn , Ollila David W. , Deneve Jeremiah L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildren, adolescents, and young adults (CAYA) (age ≤39 years) with GIST have high rates of LNM, but their clinical relevance is undefined. This study analyzed the impact of LNM on overall survival (OS) for CAYA with GIST.MethodsThe National Cancer Database was queried for patients with resected GIST and pathologic nodal staging data from 2004—2019. Factors associated with LNM were identified. Survival was assessed stratified by presence of LNM.ResultsOf 4420 patients with GIST, 238 were CAYA (5.4%). When compared to older adults, CAYA more often had small intestine primaries (51.8% vs. 36.6%, p < 0.0001), T4 tumors (30.7% vs. 24.5%, p = 0.0275) and pN1 disease (11.3% vs. 4.7%, p < 0.0001). Within a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusting for age, comorbid disease, mitotic rate, tumor size, and primary site, LNM were associated with increased hazard of death for older adults (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.83; confidence interval [CI]: 1.35–2.42; p < 0.0001), but not CAYA (HR: 3.38; CI: 0.50–14.08; p = 0.13). For CAYA, only high mitotic rate predicted mortality (HR: 4.68; CI: 1.41–18.37: p = 0.02).ConclusionsLNM are more commonly identified among CAYA with resected GIST who undergo lymph node evaluations, but do not appear to impact OS as observed in older adults. High mitotic rate remains a predictor of poor outcomes for CAYA with GIST.