bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telehealth policy guide for nurse practitioners: A compliance checklist
Authors: Kobeissi Mahrokh M. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Telehealth expanded health care delivery since the start of the COVID-19 public health emergency (PHE). In early 2020, emergency declarations and subsequent policy changes resulted in telehealth flexibilities to support health care providers limit the spread of disease and maintain access to health services. Pandemic policies affected provider licensing requirements, cross-state practice, telemedicine modality, prescribing rules, privacy and security discretions, and reimbursement. On January 30, 2023, the Biden Administration announced it would end the PHE on May 11, 2023, which means some telehealth flexibilities in effect since 2020 will expire at various times through December 31, 2024, in the absence of permanent legislation. It can be challenging for nurse practitioners (NPs) to remain up to date on telehealth rules and regulations in a changing regulatory environment. The purpose of this article is to discuss telehealth policy and propose a checklist, developed specifically for NPs, to guide compliance with federal and state laws. Nurse practitioners using telehealth must work within their scope of practice and follow discipline-specific guidance to avoid potential malpractice.
Artificial intelligence using a deep learning versus expert computed tomography human reading in calcium score and coronary artery calcium data and reporting system classification
Authors: Aldana-Bitar Jairo , Cho Geoffrey W. , Anderson Lauren , Karlsberg Daniel W. , Manubolu Venkat S. , Verghese Dhiran , Hussein Luay , Budoff Matthew J. , Karlsberg Ronald P. 
Published: May 2023

Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) applied to cardiac imaging may provide improved processing, reading precision and advantages of automation. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) score testing is a standard stratification tool that is rapid and highly reproducible. We analyzed CAC results of 100 studies in order to determine the accuracy and correlation between the AI software (Coreline AVIEW, Seoul, South Korea) and expert level-3 computed tomography (CT) human CAC interpretation and its performance when coronary artery disease data and reporting system (coronary artery calcium data and reporting system) classification is applied.

Methods
A total of 100 non-contrast calcium score images were selected by blinded randomization and processed with the AI software versus human level-3 CT reading. The results were compared and the Pearson correlation index was calculated. The CAC-DRS classification system was applied, and the cause of category reclassification was determined using an anatomical qualitative description by the readers.

Results
The mean age was age 64.5 years, with 48% female. The absolute CAC scores between AI versus human reading demonstrated a highly significant correlation (Pearson coefficient R = 0.996); however, despite these minimal CAC score differences, 14% of the patients had their CAC-DRS category reclassified. The main source of reclassification was observed in CAC-DRS 0–1, where 13 were recategorized, particularly between studies having a CAC Agatston score of 0 versus 1. Qualitative description of the errors showed that the main cause of misclassification was AI underestimation of right coronary calcium, AI overestimation of right ventricle densities and human underestimation of right coronary artery calcium.

Conclusion
Correlation between AI and human values is excellent with absolute numbers. When the CAC-DRS classification system was adopted, there was a strong correlation in the respective categories. Misclassified were predominantly in the category of CAC = 0, most often with minimal values of calcium volume. Additional algorithm optimization with enhanced sensitivity and specificity for low values of calcium volume will be required to enhance AI CAC score utilization for minimal disease. Over a broad range of calcium scores, AI software for calcium scoring had an excellent correlation compared to human expert reading and in rare cases determined calcium missed by human interpretation.
What is the most appropriate follow-up time for detecting the epidemiological relationship between coronary artery disease and its main risk factors: novel findings from a 35-year follow-up study
Authors: Voutilainen Ari , Brester Christina , Kolehmainen Mikko , Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka 
Published: May 2023

Background
The aim was to investigate the most appropriate follow-up time to detect the associations of coronary artery disease (CAD) with its traditional risk factors in a long-term prospective cohort study.

Methods
The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factors Study provided the study material of 1958 middle-aged men free from CAD at baseline and followed up for 35 years. We performed Cox models adjusted for age, family history, diabetes, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, smoking, and physical activity, investigated covariate interactions, and tested Schoenfeld residuals to detect time-dependent covariates. Moreover, we applied a sliding window procedure with a subarray of 5 years to better differentiate between risk factors manifested within years and those manifested within decades. The investigated manifestations were CAD and fatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Results
Seven hundred seventeen (36.6%) men had CAD, and 109 (5.6%) men died from AMI. After 10 years of follow-up, diabetes became the strongest predictor of CAD with a fully adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 2.5–2.8. During the first 5 years, smoking was the strongest predictor (HR 3.0–3.8). When the follow-up time was 8–19 years, hypercholesterolemia predicted CAD with a HR of >2. The associations of CAD with age and diabetes depended on time. Age hypertension was the only statistically significant covariate interaction. The sliding window procedure highlighted the significance of diabetes over the first 20 years and hypertension after that. Regarding AMI, smoking was associated with the highest fully adjusted HR (2.9–10.1) during the first 13 years. The associations of extreme and low physical activity with AMI peaked when the follow-up time was 3–8 years. Diabetes showed its highest HR (2.7–3.7) when the follow-up time was 10–20 years. During the last 16 years, hypertension was the strongest predictor of AMI (HR 3.1–6.4).

Conclusion
The most appropriate follow-up time for most CAD risk factors was 10–20 years. Concerning smoking and hypertension shorter and longer follow-up times could be considered, respectively, particularly when studying fatal AMI. In general, prospective cohort studies of CAD would provide more comprehensive results by reporting point estimates in relation to more than one timepoint and concerning sliding windows.
Telemedicine and home monitoring for COPD – a narrative review of recent literature
Authors: Poberezhets Vitalii , Kasteleyn Marise J. 
Published: May 2023

Purpose of review
Home monitoring is one of the methods of using telemedical technologies aimed to provide care at home and maintain a connection between patients and healthcare providers. The purpose of this review is to describe recent advancements in the use of home monitoring for the care and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.

Recent findings
Recent studies focused on remote monitoring for patients with COPD proved the positive effect of home monitoring interventions on the frequency of exacerbations and unscheduled healthcare visits, duration of patients’ physical activity, proved sensitivity and overall specificity of such interventions and highlighted the effectiveness of self-management.
Assessing end-user experience revealed high satisfaction levels among patients and healthcare staff who used home monitoring interventions. The majority of physicians and staff responded positively about the interventions’ facilitation of communication with patients. Moreover, healthcare staff considered such technologies useful for their practice.

Summary
Home monitoring for COPD patients improves medical care and disease management despite minor drawbacks and obstacles to its wide implementation. Involving end-users in evaluating and co-creating new telemonitoring interventions has the potential to improve the quality of remote monitoring for COPD patients in the near future.
Retrograde intra renal surgery and safety: pressure and temperature. A systematic review
Authors: Panthier Frédéric , Pauchard Felipe , Traxer Olivier 
Published: May 2023

Purpose of review
Retrograde intra renal surgery (RIRS) with laser lithotripsy represents the gold-standard to treat renal stones up to 20 mm. Controlling intraoperative parameters such as intrarenal pressure (IRP) and temperature (IRT) is mandatory to avoid complications. This article reviews advances in IRP and IRT over the last 2 years.

Recent findings
We conducted a PubMed/Embase search and reviewed publications that include temperature and pressure during RIRS. Thirty-four articles have been published which met the inclusion criteria. Regarding IRP, a consensus has emerged to control IRP during RIRS, in order to avoid (barotraumatic and septic) complications. Several monitoring devices are under evaluation but none of them are clinically approved for RIRS. Ureteral access sheath, low irrigation pressure and occupied working channel help to maintain a low IRP. Robotic systems and suction devices would improve IRP intraoperative management and monitoring. IRT determinants are the irrigation flow and laser settings. Low power settings(<20 W) with minimal irrigation flow (5–10 ml/min) are sufficient to maintain low IRT and allows continuous laser activation.

Summary
Recent evidence suggests that IRP and IRT are closely related. IRP depends on inflow and outflow rates. Continuous monitoring would help to avoid surgical and infectious complications. IRT depends on the laser settings and the irrigation flow.
Fracture healing—orthobiologics: from basic science to clinical application
Authors: Johnson Joey P. , Ahn Jaimo , Dirschl Douglas R. , Wixted John J. , Evans Andrew R. 
Published: May 2023

Summary:
Orthopaedics as a field and a profession is fundamentally concerned with the treatment of musculoskeletal disease, in all of its many forms. Our collective understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying musculoskeletal pathology resulting from injury continues to evolve, opening novel opportunities to develop orthobiologic treatments to improve care. It is a long path to move from an understanding of cellular pathology to development of successful clinical treatment, and this article proposes to discuss some of the challenges to achieving translational therapies in orthopaedics. The article will focus on challenges that clinicians will likely face in seeking to bring promising treatments forward to clinical practice and strategies for improving success in translational efforts.
Biomolecular Condensates defined by Receptor Independent Activator of G protein Signaling: Properties and Regulation
Authors: Vural Ali , Lanier Stephen M. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTActivator of G-protein Signaling 3 (AGS3), a receptor independent activator of G-protein signaling, oscillates among different subcellular compartments in a regulated manner including punctate entities referred to as biomolecular condensates (BMCs). The dynamics of the AGS3 oscillation and the specific subcompartment within the cell is intimately related to the functional diversity of the protein. To further address the properties and regulation of AGS3 BMCs, we asked initial questions regarding a) the distribution of AGS3 across the broader BMC landscape with and without cellular stress, and b) the core material properties of these punctate structures. Cellular stress (oxidative, pHi, thermal) induced the formation of AGS3 BMCs in two cell lines (Hela, COS7) as determined by fluorescent microscopy. The AGS3-BMCs generated in response to oxidative stress were distinct from stress granules (SG) as defined by the SG marker protein G3BP1 and RNA processing BMCs defined by the P-body protein Dcp1a. Immunoblots of fractionated cell lysates indicated that cellular stress shifted AGS3 to the membrane pellet fraction, whereas the protein markers for stress granules (G3BP1) SG- BMCs remained in the supernatant. We next asked if the formation of the stress-induced AGS3 BMCs was regulated by protein binding partners involved with signal processing. The stress-induced generation of AGS3 BMCs was regulated by the signaling protein Gαi3, but not by the AGS3 binding partner DVL2. Finally, we addressed the fluidity or rigidity of the stress-induced AGS3-BMCs using fluorescent recovery following photobleaching of individual AGS3-BMCs. The AGS3-BMCs indicated distinct diffusion kinetics that were consistent with restricted mobility of AGS3 within the stress-induced AGS3-BMCs. These data suggest that AGS3 BMCs represents a distinct class of stress granules that define a new type of BMC that may serve as previously unappreciated signal processing nodes.Summary statementAGS3 assembles into distinct biomolecular condensates in response to cell stress and this assembly is selectively regulated by AGS3 binding partners involved in signal transduction within the cell.
Vibrio cholerae’sToxRS Bile Sensing System
Authors: Gubensäk N. , Sagmeister T. , Buhlheller C. , Geronimo B. D. , Wagner G. E. , Petrowitsch L. , Gräwert M. , Rotzinger M. , Berger T. M. I. , Schäfer J. , Usón I. , Reidl J. , Sánchez-Murcia P. A. , Zangger K. , Pavkov-Keller T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCholera represents a diarrheal disease caused by the Gram-negative bacteriumVibrio cholerae. Its environmental persistence causing recurring sudden outbreaks is enabled byV. cholerae’srapid adaption to changing environments involving sensory proteins like ToxR and ToxS. Located at the inner membrane, ToxR and ToxS react to environmental stimuli like bile acid, thereby inducing survival strategies e.g. bile resistance and virulence regulation. Currently, transcription factor ToxR is described as main environmental sensor for bile acid, whose activity is enhanced by binding to ToxS. Here, the presented crystal structure of the sensory domains of ToxR and ToxS in combination with multiple bile acid interaction studies, reveals that a bile binding pocket of ToxS is only properly folded upon binding to ToxR. These findings support the previously suggested link between ToxRS and VtrAC-like co-component systems. Besides VtrAC, ToxRS is now the only experimentally determined structure within this recently defined superfamily, further emphasizing its significance.In-depth analysis of the ToxRS complex reveals its remarkable conservation across variousVibriospecies, underlining the significance of conserved residues in the ToxS barrel and the more diverse ToxR sensory domain. Unraveling the intricate mechanisms governing ToxRS’s environmental sensing capabilities, provides a promising tool for disruption of this vital interaction, ultimately inhibitingVibrio’ssurvival and virulence. Our findings hold far-reaching implications for allVibriostrains that rely on the ToxRS system as a shared sensory cornerstone for adapting to their surroundings.
β-ionone regulatesArabidopsis thalianatranscriptome and increases its resistance againstBotrytis cinerea
Authors: Felemban Abrar , Moreno Juan C. , Mi Jianing , Ali Shawkat , Sham Arjun , AbuQamar Synan F. , Al-Babili Salim 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCarotenoids are isoprenoid pigments vital for photosynthesis. Moreover, they are the precursor of apocarotenoids that include the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and strigolactones (SLs), and retrograde signaling molecules and growth regulators, such as β-cyclocitral and zaxinone. The apocarotenoid β-ionone (β-I) was previously reported to exert antimicrobial effects. Here, we showed that the application of this scent to Arabidopsis plants at micromolar concentrations caused a global reprogramming of gene expression, affecting thousands of transcripts involved in stress tolerance, growth, hormone metabolism, pathogen defense and photosynthesis. These changes, along with modulating the levels of the phytohormones ABA, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, led to enhanced Arabidopsis resistance toBotrytis cinerea(B.c.), one of the most aggressive and widespread pathogenic fungi affecting numerous plant hosts and causing severe losses of postharvest fruits. Pre-treatment of tobacco and tomato plants with β-I followed by inoculation withB.c.confirms the conserved effect of β-I and induced immune responses in leaves and fruits. Moreover, there was reduced susceptibility toB.c.inLYCOPENE β-CYCLASE-expressing tomato fruits possessing elevated levels of the endogenous β-I, indicating beneficial biological activities of this compoundin planta. Our work unraveled β-I as a further carotenoid-derived regulatory metabolite and opens up new possibilities to controlB.c.infection by establishing this natural volatile as an environmentally friendly bio-fungicide.
Restrander: rapid orientation and QC of long-read cDNA data
Authors: Schuster Jakob , Ritchie Matthew , Gouil Quentin 
Published: May 2023

In transcriptomic analyses, it is helpful to keep track of the strand of the RNA molecules. However, the Oxford Nanopore long-read cDNA sequencing protocols generate reads that correspond to either the first or second-strand cDNA, therefore the strandedness of the initial transcript has to be inferred bioinformatically. Reverse transcription and PCR can also introduce artefacts which should be flagged in data pre-processing.Here we introduceRestrander, a lightning-fast and highly accurate tool for restranding and quality checking long-read cDNA sequencing data. Thanks to its C++ implementation,Restranderwas faster than Oxford Nanopore Technologies’ existing toolPychopper, and correctly restranded more reads due to its strategy of searching for polyA/T tails in addition to primer sequences from the reverse transcription and template-switch steps. We found that restranding improved the process of visualising and exploring data, and increased the number of novel isoforms discovered bybambu, particularly in regions where sense and antisense transcripts co-occur.The artefact detection implemented inRestranderquantifies reads which do not have the correct 5’ and 3’ ends, a feature which is useful in quality control for library preparation.Restranderis pre-configured for all major cDNA protocols, and can be customised with user-defined primers.Restranderis available athttps://github.com/jakob-schuster/restrander
Exercise Mitigates Flow Recirculation and Activates Mechanosensitive Transcriptome to Uncover Endothelial SCD1-Catalyzed Anti-Inflammatory Metabolites
Authors: Cavallero Susana , Roustaei Mehrdad , Satta Sandro , Cho Jae Min , Phan Henry , Baek Kyung In , Blázquez-Medela Ana M. , Gonzalez-Ramos Sheila , Vu Khoa , Park Seul-Ki , Yokota Tomohiro , Sumner Jennifer A. , Mack Julia J. , Sigmund Curt D. , Reddy Srinivasa T. , Li Rongsong , Hsiai Tzung K. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTExercise modulates vascular plasticity in multiple organ systems; however, the metabolomic transducers underlying exercise and vascular protection in the disturbed flow-prone vasculature remain under-investigated. We simulated exercise-augmented pulsatile shear stress (PSS) to mitigate flow recirculation in the lesser curvature of the aortic arch. When human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were subjected to PSS (τave= 50 dyne·cm−2, ∂τ/∂t = 71 dyne·cm−2·s−1, 1 Hz), untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD1) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) catalyzed the fatty acid metabolite, oleic acid (OA), to mitigate inflammatory mediators. Following 24 hours of exercise, wild-type C57BL/6J mice developed elevated SCD1-catalyzed lipid metabolites in the plasma, including OA and palmitoleic acid (PA). Exercise over a 2-week period increased endothelial SCD1 in the ER. Exercise further modulated the time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS orτave)and oscillatory shear index (OSIave), upregulatedScd1and attenuated VCAM1 expression in the disturbed flow-prone aortic arch inLdlr-/-mice on high-fat diet but not inLdlr-/-Scd1EC-/-mice.Scd1overexpression via recombinant adenovirus also mitigated ER stress. Single cell transcriptomic analysis of the mouse aorta revealed interconnection ofScd1with mechanosensitive genes, namelyIrs2,Acox1andAdipor2that modulate lipid metabolism pathways. Taken together, exercise modulates PSS (τaveand OSIave) to activate SCD1 as a metabolomic transducer to ameliorate inflammation in the disturbed flow-prone vasculature.
Anaesthesia delivery systems in low and lower-middle-income Asian countries: a scoping review of capacity and effectiveness
Authors: Shahbaz Sumbal , Howard Natasha 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundLiterature on anaesthesia systems in low and lower middle-income countries is limited, focused on the Africa region, and provides minimal data on anaesthesia or associated disciplines within intensive care, pain management and emergency medicine. We thus conducted a review of primary and secondary research literature on low and lower middle-income countries in the Asia region from 2000-2021, to clarify existing knowledge, important gaps, and possible subsequent steps.MethodsWe applied Arksey and O"Malley"s scoping literature review method to search, screen, extract, and synthesise data under three themes: (i) availability and type of anaesthesia workforce; (ii) anaesthesia system infrastructure, equipment, and supplies; and (iii) effectiveness of anaesthesia provision.ResultsWe included 25 eligible sources of 603 identified. Only ten (40%) were published in the last 5 years and Asian lower-income countries were primarily represented in 15 multi-country sources. Fifteen (60%) sources used quantitative methods and provided limited information on data collection, e.g. sampling criteria or geographic areas included. No sources included countrywide data, despite anaesthesia delivery and resources differing significantly sub-nationally (e.g., central versus rural/remote, or insecure areas). Data on anaesthesiology delivery were limited, with findings including insufficiencies in workforce, supplies, training and skills-building of anaesthesia personnel, along with the lack of consistent strategies for overcoming maldistribution of resources and improving anaesthesia delivery systems in the region.ConclusionsThis review, a first attempt to synthesise existing data on anaesthesia delivery systems in low and lower-middle-income Asian countries, shows the anaesthesia literature is still limited. Findings highlight the urgent need for additional research and collaboration nationally and regionally to strengthen anaesthesia delivery and surgical facilities in resource-constrained settings.
Mechanism and evolutionary origins of Alanine-tail C-degron recognition by E3 ligases Pirh2 and CRL2-KLHDC10
Authors: Patil Pratik Rajendra , Burroughs A. Maxwell , Misra Mohit , Cerullo Federico , Dikic Ivan , Aravind L. , Joazeiro Claudio A. P. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryIn Ribosome-associated Quality Control (RQC), nascent-polypeptides produced by interrupted translation are modified with C-terminal polyalanine tails (‘Ala-tails’) that function outside ribosomes to induce ubiquitylation by Pirh2 or CRL2-KLHDC10 E3 ligases. Here we investigate the molecular basis of Ala-tail function using biochemical andin silicoapproaches. We show that Pirh2 and KLHDC10 directly bind to Ala-tails, and structural predictions identify candidate Ala-tail binding sites, which we experimentally validate. The degron-binding pockets and specific pocket residues implicated in Ala-tail recognition are conserved among Pirh2 and KLHDC10 homologs, suggesting that an important function of these ligases across eukaryotes is in targeting Ala-tailed substrates. Moreover, we establish that the two Ala-tail binding pockets have convergently evolved, either from an ancient module of bacterial provenance (Pirh2) orviatinkering of a widespread C-degron recognition element (KLHDC10). These results shed light on the recognition of a simple degron sequence and the evolution of Ala-tail proteolytic signaling.