bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Career Goals of Surgeons in Switzerland
Authors: Fenner Diana , Probst Pascal , Klasen Jennifer M , Antony Pia , Hauswirth Fabian , Muller Markus K. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose Recent studies from the United States and Germany have shown a general decline in the number of surgical residents, as trainees increasingly prioritize a positive work-life balance. The current study sought to evaluate the career goals of surgeons in Switzerland.Methods Members of the Swiss College of Surgeons, being surgical consultant or attending regardless of specialty, were surveyed online as to their purported career goals, future employment ideals, aspired leadership positions, and managerial training.Results A total of 269 questionnaires were analysed. Most participants (93%) were board- certified and 30% of participants were female. With regard to desired specialty, 50% of participants intended to pursue a career in visceral surgery followed by general surgery, traumatology, hand and plastic surgery, vascular surgery and thoracic surgery. Regardless of specialty, 53% of respondents strived for the position of senior physician, while 28% indicated a desire to become chief physician. In terms of work environment, most participants preferred to seek employment at a cantonal hospital, followed by a rural hospital, a university hospital, private practice or a non-clinical setting. About half of respondents favoured the option of part time employment of 80% or less and about a quartile intended to retire before 62 years of age.Conclusion The current study found that surgeons in Switzerland remain highly motivated to pursue leadership positions in their respective fields. Going forward, the challenge will lie in reconciling the needs of the respective departments with the personal ambition, career opportunities, and desired work-life balance of young trainees.
Diatom-based transfer functions for pH and total phosphorus in Vermont, USA lakes
Authors: Biberovic Ismar , Diamond Sydney E. , Heathcote Adam , Lini Andrea , Morales-Williams Ana M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

At a landscape scale, lakes function as early warning signs of ecological change in response to environmental stressors. Changes to the terrestrial landscape such as alterations in land-use or land-cover alter the quality and quantity of subsidies delivered to downstream lakes, resulting in cascading impacts on aquatic communities and ecosystem function. Together with climate change processes that alter subsidy delivery and processing rates, lakes are inextricably connected to their adjacent landscape, acting as dynamic integrators of auto- and allogenic stressors. These processes are recorded in lake sediments and can be inferred and reconstructed using paleolimnological proxies. Like much of the Northeastern USA, lakes in the state of Vermont are changing rapidly in response to multiple stressors. This includes more than 800 lakes that span gradients of elevation, latitude, trophic status, depth, clarity, and watershed area. Long term monitoring data indicates that oligotrophic lakes are experiencing increases in total phosphorus, and many montane lakes recovering from acidification are now experiencing browning and rapid surface water warming. Understanding these trends at long-term scales requires proxy-based reconstruction of sediment records. Here we describe regional training-sets and transfer functions for TP and pH developed using modern water chemistry and sediment diatom records from 80 and 96 lakes, respectively, spanning chemical, trophic, latitudinal, and elevation gradients. We reconstruct these variables for the period predating the European settlement of the state (~ 1800) using a top-bottom approach for 96 lake cores and present a high-resolution reconstruction of these variables for acid-impaired, mesotrophic Beaver Pond. Based on our findings, we present recommendations and limitations for model application.
A high-precision implicit nonlinear conservation numerical scheme for Rosenau-Burgers equation by multiple varying bound integral method
Authors: Guo Cui , Fan Bo-Yu , Wu Jia-Ning , Zheng Xiong-Bo , Li Xiao-Le 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper mainly focuses on the numerical study of fourth-order nonlinear Rosenau-Burgers equation. Firstly, the intermediate variables are introduced to reduce the orders of original differential equation. Secondly, we combine the Multiple Varying Bound Integral (MVBI) Method, which is a way for us to eliminate the derivatives in original differential equation, with Taylor Function Fitted (TFF) method to construct nonlinear implicit discrete scheme with four-order precision in space direction and two-order precision in time direction, for Rosenau-Burgers equation. At the same time, we prove that this numerical scheme is consistent with original equation in the energy property. In addition, the well-posedness of this numerical solution and convergence are both proved. Finally, numerical experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of this numerical scheme.
Characteristics of oral microbiota and oral health in the patients treated with clear aligners: a prospective study
Authors: Rouzi Maierdanjiang , Jiang Qingsong , Zhang Haoxin , Li Xiaolong , Long Hu , Lai Wenli 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives
In this prospective clinical study, the effect of clear aligners on periodontal health and oral hygiene was examined. As the same time, microbial changes of the aligner tray and subgingival microbiota community were investigated.
Methods
The study recruited fifteen patients, and clinical parameters were recorded at three different time points: before the initiation of aligner treatment (T0), one month after treatment onset (T1), and three months after treatment onset (T3). Plaque samples were collected from the inner surface of aligners and subgingival sulcus at each of these time points. The microbial composition of the samples was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and changes were evaluated based on the abundance of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs).
Results
Reduction in plaque index and improvement in periodontal health were observed. In aligner tray plaque samples, the relative abundance of Streptococcus increased significantly, as well as the richness and diversity of microbiota decreased substantially as the duration of treatment time. In subgingival plaque samples, alpha and beta diversity of microbiota did not change significantly.
Conclusions
Clear aligner treatment have no significant impact on periodontal health and subgingival microbiota composition of patients. The structure of the aligner tray microbiota altered significantly at both phylum and genus levels and attracted a unique and less divers microbiota community.
Clinical Relevance:
Clear aligner treatment have no significant impact on periodontal health and subgingival microbiota composition of patients.
Sex-associated differences in frequencies and prognostic impact of recurrent genetic alterations in adult acute myeloid leukemia (Alliance, AMLCG)
Authors: Ozga Michael , Nicolet Deedra , Mrózek Krzysztof , Yilmaz Selen , Kohlschmidt Jessica , Larkin Karilyn , Blachly James , Oakes Christopher , Buss Jill , Walker Christopher , Orwick Shelley , Jurinovic Vindi , Rothenberg-Thurley Maja , Dufour Annika , Schneider Stephanie , Sauerland Cristina , Görlich Dennis , Krug Utz , Berdel Wolfgang , Woermann Bernhard , Hiddemann Wolfgang , Braess Jan , Subklewe Marion , Spiekermann Karsten , Carroll Andrew , Blum William , Powell Bayard , Kolitz Jonathan , Moore Joseph , Mayer Robert , Larson Richard , Uy Geoffrey , Stock Wendy , Metzeler Klaus , Grimes H. , Byrd John , Salomonis Nathan , Herold Tobias , Mims Alice , Eisfeld Ann-Kathrin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Clinical outcome of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with patient demographics and genetic features. Although the associations of acquired genetic alterations with patients’ sex have been recently analyzed, their impact on outcome of female and male patients has not yet been comprehensively assessed. We performed mutational profiling and outcome analyses in 1726 adults with AML (749 female and 977 male) and centrally reviewed cytogenetic data who were treated on frontline Cancer and Leukemia Group B/Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology protocols. We analyzed a validation cohort of 954 patients (465 female and 489 male) treated on frontline protocols of the German AML Cooperative Group. We found differences between women and men in frequencies of select gene mutations, co-occurring mutation patterns, cytogenetic characteristics and assignment to genetic-risk groups per the 2022 European LeukemiaNet classification, and in prognostic impact of some genetic alterations. The mutation-associated splicing events and gene-expression profiles also differed between sexes. In patients aged < 60 years, WT1 mutations were female-specific and SF3B1 mutations male-specific adverse outcome prognosticators. We conclude that sex differences in the AML-associated genetic alterations and mutation-specific differential splicing events highlight the importance of considering patients’ sex in analyses of AML biology and prognostication.
Oncologists' Palliative Care Referral Behaviour: Testing Utility of Social Exchange Theory as an Explanatory Framework
Authors: Salins Naveen , Hughes Sean , Preston Nancy 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Adults and children with cancer are referred to palliative care infrequently or late. Oncologists often gatekeep these referrals. Social exchange theory is used to explain physician referral behaviour in various clinical settings. Its utility in a cancer palliative care setting is not known.
Methods
We used Karl Popper's hypothetico-deductive approach to test the hypothesis. The hypothesis was that social exchange theory is a helpful framework for explaining oncologists' palliative care referral behaviour in a cancer setting. The utility of the theoretical framework was tested against the empiric findings of a systematic review and original research.
Results
Most components of social exchange theory known to explain physician referral behaviour like beliefs about the provider or service, emotions triggered during the professional engagement, its symbolism and stigma, the complexity of the referral task, efforts needed to achieve it, its cost, benefit, and value were similar in a cancer setting. Empirical findings suggest that oncologists provided strategies and solutions to better palliative care integration instead of comparing their existing engagement with potential alternatives and choosing them.
Conclusion
Social exchange theory was found to be helpful in explaining oncologists' palliative care referral behaviour. To further develop the social exchange theory based on the data used to test it, it is recommended to include feedback and solutions as a component of the theoretical framework alongside a comparison level for alternatives.
The Effect of Training on Localizing Hololens-generated 3D Sound Sources
Authors: Ryu Wonyeol , Lee Sukhan , Park Eenil 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
methods
Visual Guide 1, Visual Guide 2, and Sound Guide, in improving sound localization skills in Augmented Reality (AR) environments using the HoloLens2 device. Sound localization is a critical aspect of human auditory perception, and AR technology offers an immersive platform for training individuals in this skill. The HoloLens2, which employs Head-Related Transfer Function (HRTF) technology, provides a more realistic sound experience in AR by simulating sounds from various directions and distances. In this study, we explore how sound source localization training can help individuals adapt to the general HRTF implemented in AR devices despite that the individual HRTFs are quite different from the general HRTF. To that end, 12 participants were divided into groups of four for each training method, and trained six times every other day for two weeks. The training methods combined visual, auditory, and kinesthetic feedback to enhance the participants’ sound localization accuracy in terms of elevation, azimuth, and distance. The experiments were conducted in a controlled testbed environment with minimal external noise interference. The results revealed that Visual Guide 2 provided the most significant training effect across all measured aspects, followed by Sound Guide, which also demonstrated considerable improvement. These findings suggest that training methods incorporating kinesthetic feedback into the visual feedback, as well as relative error guidance into the audio feedback, such as Visual Guide 2 and Sound Guide, are more effective than traditional visual training for sound localization in AR environments. Additionally, Sound Guide showed potential for training visually impaired individuals, as it relies on auditory feedback, rather than visual cues. This study underscores the importance of integrating auditory and kinesthetic feedback in AR-based sound localization training for enhanced outcomes, and highlights the potential applications of such training for various user groups, including those with visual impairments.
Empagliflozin Improves Cardiac Function in Rats with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Liu Qian , Wang Xiaofang , Wang Pengpeng , Wang Zhuwen , Zhang Fenglei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective To examine the effect of empagliflozin on cardiac function in rats with chronic heart failure and the possible mechanism.Methods Forty 6-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group, empagliflozin treatment group, and sham-operated group. SD rats in the control group and empagliflozin treatment group were subjected to ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery to induce an acute myocardial infarction model. SD rats in the sham-operated group were only subjected to threading of the anterior descending branch of the coronary artery without ligation. On the second day after surgery, the control group and sham operation group were given physiological saline by gavage, while the empagliflozin treatment group was given empagliflozin (30 mg/kg/day) by gavage. Sixteen weeks later, cardiac function, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), serum brain natriuretic peptide, hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), iNOS expression levels and myocardial morphological changes were observed.Results Compared with that in the control group, heart function in the empagliflozin treated group was significantly improved, MMP was increased, intracellular ROS levels were decreased, and NT -proBNP and hs-CRP were significantly reduced, and HE staining showed that the cell oedema was less than that in the control group, tissue arrangement was more orderly, and iNOS expression was inhibited.Conclusion Empagliflozin can improve cardiac function in rats with chronic heart failure, and the mechanism may involve inhibiting inflammation, reducing myocardial oxidative stress, and improving myocardial fibrosis.
Efficient Pneumonia Diagnosis using a Hybrid Framework Leveraging Deep Learning and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Muralidhar A , V Thomas Abraham J , Sathyarajasekaran K , B Laxmi Nitin Singh 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Pneumonia is a potentially fatal lung infection caused by various viral infections. Because pneumonia is like other pulmonary diseases, identifying and treating it on chest X-ray images can be difficult. Therefore, a more reliable method for detecting pneumonia in X-ray images is required. So, an optimized Deep Learning approach is used in this study, in which x-rays of the chest are handled in four stages. The first stage involves performing image enhancement, followed by a data augmentation stage, and the third stage involves feeding the results to deep learning algorithms (CNN, VGG16, InceptionResNetV2, Xception, Resnet50, and hybrid model) in which image features are retrieved for further processing. These extracted features are then utilized in the subsequent step, where they are inputted into various machine learning algorithms, including Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, SVM, and AdaBoost. These algorithms are responsible for classifying and diagnosing the images. To evaluate the proposed approach, a comprehensive dataset comprising 8,217 images (5,259 pneumonia and 2,958 normal) from combined chest X-ray and Mendeley sources was employed. The findings of the experiment reveal that the hybrid model, combined with the SVM classifier, demonstrates exceptional performance in terms of both training and testing accuracy, exceeding 97.70%. In conclusion, the proposed framework successfully leverages the extracted features and machine learning algorithms to achieve highly accurate classification and diagnosis of pneumonia cases. The hybrid model, in conjunction with the SVM classifier, exhibits remarkable performance in accurately identifying pneumonia from chest X-ray images.
Mediastinitis secondary to invasive infection by group A Streptococcus in Spain
Authors: Mellado-Sola Isabel , Cobo-Vázquez Elvira , Calvo-Fernández Amaia , Cervantes Eloisa , Coca Ana , Calderón-Llopis Belén , Saavedra-Lozano Jesús , Calvo Cristina 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study describes 5 mediastinitis cases secondary to invasive group A Streptococcus (iGAS) disease in a recent outbreak in Spain. Among 398 iGAS cases between January 2019 - March 2023, 5 (1.3%) were mediastinitis, 4 occurring in December 2022, all secondary to pneumonia or deep neck infection. We outline the clinical outcome with a review of the scarce pediatric literature.
Sterilized Anopheles funestus can autodisseminate sufficient pyriproxyfen to the breeding habitat under semi-field settings
Authors: Kunambi Hamisi J. , Ngowo Halfan , Ali Ali , Urio Naomi , Ngonzi Amos J. , Mwalugelo Yohana A. , Jumanne Mohamed , Mmbaga Augustino , Tarimo Felista S. , Swilla Joseph , Okumu Fredros , Lwetoijera Dickson 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Anopheles funestus, the main malaria vector, prefer to oviposit in permanent and/or semi-permanent breeding habitats located far from human dwellings. Difficulties in identifying and accessing these habitats jeopardize the feasibility of conventional larviciding. In this way, we conducted a semi-field study to assess the potential of autodissemination of pyriproxyfen (PPF) by An. funestus for its control.
Methods
The study was conducted inside a semi-field system (SFS). Therein, two identical separate chambers, the treatment chamber with a PPF-treated clay pot (0.25g AI), and the control chamber with an untreated clay pot. In both chambers, one artificial breeding habitat made of a plastic basin with one liter of water was provided. Three hundred blood-fed female An. funestus aged 5–9 days were held inside untreated and treated clay pots for 30 minutes and 48 hours before being released for oviposition. The impact of PPF on adult emergence, fecundity, and fertility through autodissemination and sterilization effects were assessed by comparing the treatment with its appropriate control group.
Results
Mean (95% CI) percentage of adult emergence was 15.5% (14.9–16.1%) and 70.3% (69–71%) in the PPF and control chamber for females exposed for 30 minutes (p < 0.001); and 19% (12–28%) and 95% (88–98%) in the PPF and control chamber for females exposed for 48 hours (p < 0.001) respectively. Eggs laid by exposed mosquitoes and their hatch rate were significantly reduced compared to unexposed mosquitoes (p < 0.001). Approximately, 90% of females exposed for 48 hours retained abnormal ovarian follicles and only 42% in females exposed for 30 minutes.
Conclusion
The study demonstrated sterilization and adult emergence inhibition via autodissemination of pyriproxyfen by Anopheles funestus. Also, it offers proof that sterilized An. funestus can transfer pyriproxyfen to prevent adult emergence at breeding habitats. These findings warrant further assessment of the autodissemination of pyriproxyfen in controlling wild population of Anopheles funestus, and highlights its potential for complementing LLINs.
Numerical simulation of polymer dust removal foam conveying pipeline in roadheader
Authors: Wang Qingguo , Geng Xu , Wang Weixiang , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Xing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to better understand the process of foam movement in the polymer dust-reducing foam transport pipeline of the roadheader, to reveal the distribution law of pressure loss of polymer dust-reducing foam in the pipeline, and to improve the efficiency of polymer dust-reducing foam transport in the pipeline in actual engineering. Based on the existing research results, Fluent software is applied to analyze the flow field in the pressure pipeline by theoretical calculation and numerical simulation, and the numerical simulation study of the three-dimensional horizontal pipeline is carried out to obtain the velocity and pressure distribution clouds of the flow field at the bend of the pressure pipeline, and analyze the foam under different inlet pressure, gas-liquid ratio, and the changes of various elements such as flow velocity, and obtain the commonly used polymer dust-reducing foam in the actual process The law of the change of pressure loss in the pipeline by air-liquid ratio and inlet pressure size is explored, and the influencing factors and mechanisms affecting the structural performance of the roadheader foam transport pipeline are discussed, the initially designed pipeline is optimized, and the simulated outlet pressure results are simulated for foam injection. The results show that polymer dust reduction foam in the process of pipeline transportation, the pressure loss rate before the optimization is about 90%, and the pressure loss rate after optimization is 60%; the optimized pipeline foam will be more stable and concentrated at the exit speed; when the air-liquid ratio is certain, the pressure loss rate will increase gradually with the increase of inlet pressure; when the pressure is certain, the pressure loss rate will gradually decrease with the increase of air-liquid ratio; the pipeline foam will be more stable and concentrated with the increase of outlet pressure. The pressure loss rate gradually decreases with the increase of gas-liquid ratio at a certain pressure; the pressure loss of the hand-shaped four-way in the pipeline is significantly better than that of the tapering tube-type positive four-way; the foam spraying simulation is carried out at the lowest outlet pressure, and the effective range of foam can reach 4m, which meets the requirement of "wrapped" coverage of foam spraying. The optimized pipe structure provides a reliable basis for the optimized design and scientific research of applying polymer dust-reducing foam in the roadhear pipeline.