bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A commentary on the paper, ‘Development and validation of a novel automatable assay for cholesterol efflux capacity’
Authors: Bhale Aishwarya Sudam , Venkataraman Krishnan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The determination of functionality or quality of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) is assuming a central stage in the prediction of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). To assess HDL quality, several attempts have been made to develop an automated, cost-effective cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) system with few operational steps that might be used in clinical settings for large throughput testing. The work of Dr. Ohkawa and co-workers seems to address this issue and provide a solution for the same (Bioscience Reports (2023), 43 BSR20221519, https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20221519). Earlier work from the author’s lab utilized a radioisotope and cell-free CEC assay known as the immobilized liposome-bound gel beads (ILGs) method. However, this assay required a centrifugation step to separate the cells and was not suitable for automation. To overcome these limitations, two very important changes were made: (i) magnetic beads were used instead of gel beads that allowed them to avoid the centrifugation process that would allow ease of setting up an autonomous analyzer; (ii) porous magnetic beads were coated with liposomes containing fluorescently tagged cholesterol instead radiolabeled cholesterol. These two changes can be considered not only significant but also novel as they were highly suitable for CEC testing. The authors reported the successful development of a simple immobilized liposome-based magnetic beads (ILMs) automated system to measure CEC, which provided both consistent performance and satisfactory correlation with the other methods. Thus, we feel the present study will open newer avenues for measuring the quality of HDL in addition to the quantity of HDL-cholesterol in clinical settings in a more robust way.
Ada‐FFL: Adaptive computing fairness federated learning
Authors: Cong Yue , Qiu Jing , Zhang Kun , Fang Zhongyang , Gao Chengliang , Su Shen , Tian Zhihong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs the scale of federated learning expands, solving the Non‐IID data problem of federated learning has become a key challenge of interest. Most existing solutions generally aim to solve the overall performance improvement of all clients; however, the overall performance improvement often sacrifices the performance of certain clients, such as clients with less data. Ignoring fairness may greatly reduce the willingness of some clients to participate in federated learning. In order to solve the above problem, the authors propose Ada‐FFL, an adaptive fairness federated aggregation learning algorithm, which can dynamically adjust the fairness coefficient according to the update of the local models, ensuring the convergence performance of the global model and the fairness between federated learning clients. By integrating coarse‐grained and fine‐grained equity solutions, the authors evaluate the deviation of local models by considering both global equity and individual equity, then the weight ratio will be dynamically allocated for each client based on the evaluated deviation value, which can ensure that the update differences of local models are fully considered in each round of training. Finally, by combining a regularisation term to limit the local model update to be closer to the global model, the sensitivity of the model to input perturbations can be reduced, and the generalisation ability of the global model can be improved. Through numerous experiments on several federal data sets, the authors show that our method has more advantages in convergence effect and fairness than the existing baselines.
An effective data communication community establishment scheme in opportunistic networks
Authors: Huang Juan , Gou Fangfang , Wu Jia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe network transmission speed has been greatly improved, thanks to the power of 5G technology. The millisecond‐level communication delay has made a qualitative leap in communication quality. However, the sharp increase in the number of nodes connected to the internet has resulted in an explosion of traffic. Ensuring stable network transmission in the face of large data volumes has become an urgent problem to be solved. Existing research mainly optimizes for low data volumes of nodes, and cannot dynamically adapt to node transmission load to cope with explosive growth. This is because the node's cache is always at a high level, which causes community communication to be blocked. To address this issue, the authors have designed an effective data communication community establishment scheme. By adding a data information flow (DIF) attribute to each user and using the dynamic feedback adjustment (DFA) mechanism, the authors can combine the entire communication community and control the user's data information flow concentration at a relatively low level. This degree of optimization ensures that the user node maintains a relatively stable state for fast communication.The authors design an effective data communication community establishment scheme. By adding a data information flow (DIF) attribute to each user, using the dynamic feedback adjustment mechanism and combining the entire communication community, the user's data information flow concentration is controlled at a relatively low level.
A Lyapunov approach based on gravitational search algorithm for transient stability assessment of AC/DC systems with wind power
Authors: Xie Zihao , Du Zhaobin , Zhou Weixian , Zhang Wenqian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith large‐scale wind farms connected to AC/DC network, the transient stability assessment (TSA) of the power system becomes more and more difficult. Among them, estimating the region of attraction (ROA) of the equilibrium point is a traditional but still challenging problem. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, this paper proposes a new approach to obtain the enlarged estimation of the ROA. The optimization and updating strategy of shape function in the sum of squares (SOS) optimization problem are studied to reduce the conservatism of estimation result. In the proposed method, the gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is employed to optimize the coefficients of initial shape function to improve estimation performance. Based on the time‐domain simulation (TDS) of expected faults, the fitness value for shape function optimization is calculated using the values of state variables at the fault clearing time and the system stability information. Furthermore, the optimal Lyapunov function is computed by introducing the update condition of shape function and adjusting the iteration strategy of the ROA estimation algorithm. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a two‐machine‐infinite‐bus system and a more complex nine‐bus AC/DC system with wind power. And the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by comparing with the existing ROA estimation methods.
Real‐time face perception based encoding strategy optimization method for UHD videos
Authors: Bi Jiang , Wang Lidong , Han Yu , Zhou Cheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFace regions containing rich semantic information appear frequently in the videos. As the video resolution increase dramatically, the face regions will inevitably attract more attentions. This paper proposes a face perception based coding scheme to improve the visual quality of the face regions in UHD videos. A specially tailored face perception model is first utilized to precisely and quickly locate the face regions. Then, a face perception map is generated based on a hierarchical mapping algorithm. Finally, the face perception map is employed as a guidance to optimize the encoding process, including mode decision, block partition and bit allocation. The proposed method is implemented on HEVC to demonstrate the effectiveness. Experimental results on a set of 4K test sequences show that the proposed method can obviously improve the objective and subjective quality of the face regions, while causing only slight quality decline over the rest of the frame. Additionally, the computation required for mode decision and block partition is reduced, thereby saving encoding time cost.
Optimisation method for efficiently determining feed parameters of phased array antenna in microwave wireless power transmission
Authors: Xiao Dongping , Tian Liangliang , Zhang Huaiqing , Wang Xin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the microwave wireless power transmission (MWPT) system, to improve the beam collection efficiency (BCE) and decrease the impact of microwave on the ecological environment outside the receiving area, it is necessary to optimise the beam pattern of transmitting antenna which includes accurate beam pointing and low sidelobe level. Furthermore, when the target is moving, the synthesised beams are required to track the target within a certain range. To track the target quickly and reduce the influence of the beam pattern's distortion on the BCE, this article proposes a time‐saving and effective method to optimise the feed parameters of the phased array antenna (PAA). This method draws on the ideas of Auto‐Encoder network, and uses multi‐layer perceptron to establish a mapping relationship between the desired beam pattern and the feed parameters of PAA. At the same time, to consider the coupling effect between antenna elements, the Eigen‐driven analysis method is adopted to form the actual beam pattern without calling the full wave simulation results. To make the actual beam pattern as close to the desired beam pattern as possible, Adaptive moment estimation algorithm is used to realise the error back propagation. After several iterations, when the error is minimised, the optimal feed parameters can be obtained. The advantage of the proposed method is that speedy focussing and high efficient energy transmission can be realised for the targets in a certain position. A set of examples and corresponding comparative analysis are presented to demonstrate the performances and superiority of the proposed method in MWPT system.
Proposal for a spin logic device based on magneto‐electric effect and spin Hall effect
Authors: Wang Sen , Zou Xue , Li Henan , Shan Dan , Fan Hongliang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBased on magneto‐electric (ME) effect and spin Hall effect (SHE), the authors propose a novel spin logic device named MESH‐SLD. In MESH‐SLD, the charge current is transmitted in the channel by employing inverse SHE, which solves the dissipation problem of spin current in the channel of all‐spin logic device (ASLD). By using a magnetization‐dynamics/spin‐transport hybrid model, the authors have investigated the influence of working voltage, channel lengths, and materials on the performance of the MESH‐SLD. And the simulation results show that the energy dissipation of the MESH‐SLD only increases approximately linearly with the increase of channel length, while the switching delay remains almost unchanged. In addition, with the increase of the spin Hall angle of the channel material, the energy dissipation and the minimum working voltage of the MESH‐SLD decrease significantly. Most importantly, compared with conventional ASLD, the proposed MESH‐SLD improve the switching delay and the energy dissipation by about 2.5 times and 851.8 times, respectively.
Power of wavelets in analyses of transit and phase curves in the presence of stellar variability and instrumental noise
Authors: Csizmadia Sz. , Smith A. M. S. , Kálmán Sz. , Cabrera J. , Klagyivik P. , Chaushev A. , Lam K. W. F. 
Published: May 2023

Context.Stellar photometric variability and instrumental effects, such as cosmic ray hits, data discontinuities, data leaks, instrument aging, and so on, lead to difficulties in the characterisation of exoplanets. Therefore, they can impact the accuracy and precision of the modelling and the detectability of their transits, occultations, and phase curves.Aims.This paper is aimed at improving the transit, occultation, and phase-curve modelling in the presence of strong stellar variability and instrumental noise. To this end, we invoke the wavelet formulation.Methods.We explored the capabilities of the software package Transit and Light Curve Modeller (TLCM). It is able to perform (1) a joint radial-velocity and light-curve fit or (2) a light curve-only fit. It models the transit, occultation, beaming, ellipsoidal, and reflection effects in the light curves (including the gravity-darkening effect). Here, the red noise, stellar variability, and instrumental effects were modelled via wavelets. The wavelet fit was constrained by prescribing that the final white noise level must be equal to the average of the uncertainties of the photometric data points. This helps to avoid overfitting and regularises the noise model. The approach was tested by injecting synthetic light curves into short-cadenceKeplerdata and modelling them.Results.The method performs well over a certain signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. We provide limits in terms of the S/N for every studied system parameter that is needed for accurate parameter retrieval. The wavelet approach is able to manage and remove the impact of data discontinuities, cosmic ray events, and long-term stellar variability and instrument ageing, as well as short-term stellar variability, pulsation, and flares (among others).Conclusions.We conclude that precise light-curve models combined with the wavelet method and with well-prescribed constraints on the white noise are able to retrieve the planetary system parameters, even in the presence of strong stellar variability and instrumental noise, including data discontinuities.
Determination of small-scale magnetic fields on Sun-like stars in the near-infrared using CRIRES+
Authors: Hahlin A. , Kochukhov O. , Rains A. D. , Lavail A. , Hatzes A. , Piskunov N. , Reiners A. , Seemann U. , Boldt-Christmas L. , Guenther E. W. , Heiter U. , Nortmann L. , Yan F. , Shulyak D. , Smoker J. V. , Rodler F. , Bristow P. , Dorn R. J. , Jung Y. , Marquart T. , Stempels E. 
Published: May 2023

Aims. We aim to characterise the small-scale magnetic fields of a sample of 16 Sun-like stars and investigate the capabilities of the newly upgraded near-infrared (NIR) instrument CRIRES+ at the Very Large Telescope in the context of small-scale magnetic field studies. Our targets also had their magnetic fields studied with optical spectra, which allowed us to compare magnetic field properties at different spatial scales on the stellar surface and to contrast small-scale magnetic field measurements at different wavelengths.
Methods. We analysed the Zeeman broadening signature for six magnetically sensitive and insensitive Fe I lines in the H-band to measure small-scale magnetic fields on the stellar surfaces of our sample. We used polarised radiative transfer modelling and non-local thermodynamic equilibrium departure coefficients in combination with Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling to determine magnetic field characteristics and non-magnetic stellar parameters. We used two different approaches to describe the small-scale magnetic fields. The first is a two-component model with a single magnetic region and a free magnetic field strength. The second model contains multiple magnetic components with fixed magnetic field strengths.
Results. We found average magnetic field strengths ranging from ∼0.4 kG down to < 0.1 kG. The results align closely with other results from high-resolution NIR spectrographs, such as SPIRou. It appears that the typical magnetic field strength in the magnetic region is slightly stronger than 1.3 kG, and for most stars in our sample, this strength is between 1 and 2 kG. We also found that the small-scale fields correlate with the large-scale fields and that the small-scale fields are at least ten times stronger than the large-scale fields inferred with Zeeman Doppler imaging. The two- and multi-component models produce systematically different results, as the strong fields from the multi-component model increase the obtained mean magnetic field strength. When comparing our results with the optical measurements of small-scale fields, we found a systematic offset two to three times stronger than fields in the optical results. This discrepancy cannot be explained by uncertainties in stellar parameters. Care should therefore be taken when comparing results obtained at different wavelengths until a clear cause can be established.
RUBIS: A simple tool for calculating the centrifugal deformation of stars and planets
Authors: Houdayer P. S. , Reese D. R. 
Published: May 2023

Aims. We present the Rotation code Using Barotropy conservation over Isopotential Surfaces (RUBIS), a fully Python-based centrifugal deformation program that is available publicly. The code has been designed to calculate the centrifugal deformation of stars and planets resulting from a given cylindrical rotation profile, starting from a spherically symmetric non-rotating model.
Methods. The underlying assumption in RUBIS is that the relation between density and pressure is preserved during the deformation process. This leads to many procedural simplifications. For instance, RUBIS only needs to solve Poisson’s equation in either spheroidal or spherical coordinates, depending on whether the 1D model has discontinuities.
Results. We present the benefits of using RUBIS to deform polytropic models and more complex barotropic structures, thus providing insights into baroclinic models to a certain extent. The resulting structures can be used for a wide range of applications, including the seismic study of models. Finally, we illustrate how RUBIS is beneficial specifically in the analysis of Jupiter’s gravitational moments through its ability to handle discontinuous models while retaining a high accuracy compared to current methods.
Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Medical Patients with Thrombocytopenia or with Platelet Dysfunction: The Last 10 Years
Authors: Tufano Antonella , Brenner Benjamin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCurrent guideline recommendations for primary prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) are based on randomized clinical trials that usually exclude subjects at a potentially high risk of bleeding complications. For this reason, no specific guideline is available for thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized patients with thrombocytopenia and/or platelet dysfunction. However, except in patients with absolute contraindications to anticoagulant drugs, antithrombotic prophylaxis should always be considered, for example, in hospitalized cancer patients with thrombocytopenia, especially in those with multiple VTE risk factors. Low platelet number, platelet dysfunction, and clotting abnormalities are also very common in patients with liver cirrhosis, but these patients have a high incidence of portal venous thrombosis, implying that cirrhotic coagulopathy does not fully protect against thrombosis. These patients may benefit from antithrombotic prophylaxis during hospitalization. Patients hospitalized for COVID-19 need prophylaxis, but frequently experience thrombocytopenia or coagulopathy. In patients with antiphospholipid antibodies, a high thrombotic risk is usually present, even in the presence of thrombocytopenia. VTE prophylaxis in high-risk conditions is thus suggested in these patients. At variance with severe thrombocytopenia (< 50,000/mm3), mild/moderate thrombocytopenia (≥ 50,000/mm3) should not interfere with VTE prevention decisions. In patients with severe thrombocytopenia, pharmacological prophylaxis should be considered on an individual basis. Aspirin is not as effective as heparins in lowering the risk of VTE. Studies in patients with ischemic stroke demonstrated that thromboprophylaxis with heparins is safe in these patients also during antiplatelet treatment. The use of direct oral anticoagulants in the prophylaxis of VTE in internal medicine patients has been recently evaluated, but no specific recommendation exists for patients with thrombocytopenia. The need for VTE prophylaxis in patients on chronic treatment with antiplatelet agents should be evaluated after assessing the individual risk of bleeding complications. Finally, the selection of patients who require post-discharge pharmacological prophylaxis remains debated. New molecules currently under development (such as the inhibitors of factor XI) may contribute to improve the risk/benefit ratio of VTE primary prevention in this setting of patients.
Human Genetic Variation in F3 and Its Impact on Tissue Factor–Dependent Disease
Authors: Park Jin K. , Brake Marisa A. , Schulman Sol 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTissue factor (TF) is the primary initiator of blood coagulation in humans. As improper intravascular TF expression and procoagulant activity underlie numerous thrombotic disorders, there has been longstanding interest in the contribution of heritable genetic variation in F3, the gene encoding TF, to human disease. This review seeks to comprehensively and critically synthesize small case–control studies focused on candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), as well as modern genome-wide association studies (GWAS) seeking to discover novel associations between variants and clinical phenotypes. Where possible, correlative laboratory studies, expression quantitative trait loci, and protein quantitative trait loci are evaluated to glean potential mechanistic insights. Most disease associations implicated in historical case–control studies have proven difficult to replicate in large GWAS. Nevertheless, SNPs linked to F3, such as rs2022030, are associated with increased F3 mRNA expression, monocyte TF expression after endotoxin exposure, and circulating levels of the prothrombotic biomarker D-dimer, consistent with the central role of TF in the initiation of blood coagulation.
Derivaciones quirúrgicas para artroplastia total de cadera desde la atención primaria: la utilidad de los Criterios de Uso Apropiado de la AAOS
Authors: Diaz-Ledema Claudio , Bengoa Francisco 
Published: May 2023

Resumen
Antecedentes Se ha comprobado que los médicos de atención primaria (MAPs) tienen falta de claridad respecto a las indicaciones para la artroplastia total de cadera (ATC), lo que hace que el proceso de derivación quirúrgica sea propenso a la variabilidad y la inconsistencia. Los Criterios de Uso Apropiado (Appropriate Use Criteria, AUC, en inglés) de la American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS-AUC) son una herramienta de apoyo a la toma de decisiones basada en la evidencia que ayuda a los médicos a seleccionar para quién debe indicarse el tratamiento. Este estudio tiene como objetivo comparar la tasa de referencias quirúrgicas de ATC realizadas por MAPs utilizando la herramienta AAOS-AUC y la tasa de referencias resultantes después de la educación formal del médico basada en los estándares actuales de tratamiento de la osteoartritis.
Materiales y Métodos Usando un diseño cruzado, 22 MAPs evaluaron 2 rondas de 10 casos clínicos cada una, generando 440 encuentros clínicos simulados de pacientes con osteoartritis de cadera. En 220 encuentros simulados, el MAP decidió si una derivación quirúrgica era apropiada mediante el uso de la herramienta AAOS-AUC. En los otros 220 encuentros simulados, esa decisión se tomó utilizando el conocimiento adquirido después de la educación médica formal. Se comparó la tasa de derivaciones quirúrgicas generadas por ambas estrategias.
Resultados No hubo diferencia en la tasa de derivaciones quirúrgicas al comparar encuentros simulados utilizando la herramienta AAOS-AUC (57,3 %) y aquellos que utilizaron el juicio clínico después de la educación formal (62,7 %; p = 0,2). Tampoco se encontraron diferencias al comparar MAPs que usaron la herramienta AAOS-AUC durante su primera o segunda ronda de casos (60,7% versus 58,8%, respectivamente; p = 0,68)
Conclusión En manos de MAPs, la herramienta en línea AAOS-AUC funciona tan bien como la educación formal del médico durante el proceso de derivación quirúrgica para ATC. Es plausible considerar la AAOS-AUC una herramienta práctica de apoyo a la toma de decisiones para pacientes con artrosis de cadera evaluados en atención primaria.
Nivel de evidencia Nivel V.