bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking VMT: Factors affecting household VMT focusing on differences between ICEVs and EVs
Authors: Kwon Kihyun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study examines factors affecting household vehicle miles traveled (VMT) with a focus on the differences between electric vehicles (EVs) and conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). This study mainly utilizes detailed individual-level data from the 2017 National Household Travel Survey-California Add-on (2017 NHTS-CA). We first classify households into three groups such as 1) households with only ICEVs, 2) households with only EVs, and 3) households with both ICEVs and EVs. We then employ OLS regression models to analyze the determinants of household VMT across three groups. Second, we focus on households with both ICEVs and EVs to look at the substitute patterns between ICEVs and EVs. We employ the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) model to analyze total household VMT and its distribution among ICEVs and EVs. Some key findings are as follows. First, households with only EVs tend to have lower household VMT than others. Second, available EV charging stations near residential locations lead to longer households VMT in households with only EVs. Third, employment density has different effects on household VMT by groups. For instance, high employment density leads to shorter household VMT in households with only ICEVs and with both ICEVs and EVs. On the other hand, high employment density reveals a statistically positive effect on household VMT in households with only EVs. Lastly, in households with both ICEVs and EVs, the share of EV VMT is likely to increase in total household VMT if EVs are used more for work trips and shopping/family errands.
A Novel Methodological Framework for Design for Additive Manufacturing for Sheet Metal Tooling
Authors: JAMES SAGIL , Buddine Brian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) has the ability to benefit sheet metal manufacturing industries by implementing novel design solutions for tools and dies. However, there is a lack of support for the use of additive manufacturing in sheet metal manufacturing. Unfortunately, designers do not have proficient guidance for incorporating these innovative strategies. Existing Design for Additive Manufacturing (DFAM) approaches are precisely reviewed in this paper. They are then analyzed further by being related to conventional sheet metal manufacturing processes. However, existing DFAM guidelines do not provide a complete development process for design and manufacturing. Therefore, a novel methodological framework for DFAM of tools in sheet metal fabrication processes is proposed. Existing design strategies for sheet metal tooling through conventional manufacturing and additive manufacturing are utilized in the new DFAM modular framework. A case study example follows the DFAM framework to offer designers additional guidance through the design and manufacturing stages for sheet metal tooling with the use of additive manufacturing as a secondary process.
Microbial communities in the deep-sea sediments of the South São Paulo Plateau, Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Gusmão Ana Carolina Bercini , Peres Francielli Vilela , Paula Fabiana , Pellizari Vivian Helena , Kolm Hedda Elisabeth , Signori Camila Negrão 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Microbial communities play a key role in the ocean, acting as primary producers, nutrient recyclers, and energy providers. The São Paulo Plateau is a region located on the southeastern coast of Brazil, with economic importance due to its oil and gas reservoirs. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity and composition of microbial communities and the possible predicted functions. Sediment samples were collected from three strata (superficial, intermediate, and deep) in three stations (SP1, SP2, and SP3) located in the southern region of the Plateau of São Paulo using the HOV Shinkai 6500 in 2013. The 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using primers universals (515F and 926R) by the Illumina Miseq platform. Taxonomic data showed that the SP1 station had the highest relative abundance of the class Nitrososphaeria in the superficial (17%) and deep (21%) strata. The samples from stations SP2 and SP3 showed very similar taxonomic compositions. The SP2 station showed a predominance of Gammaproteobacteria, representing 15%, 38%, and 30% in the superficial, intermediate, and deep strata, respectively. Station SP3 also showed the dominance of Gammaproteobacteria in the superficial and inferior strata (92% and 90%, respectively). With metabolic prediction, it was observed that chemoheterotrophy and fermentation were predicted in almost all samples. The core microbiome analysis comprised only two ASVs. Our study contributes to a better understanding of microbial communities in an economically important and ecologically little-explored region. This is the second microbiological survey in plateau sediments and the first focused on the southern region.
Epidemiological characteristics of sexually transmitted diseases in older people of mainland China: review of 15-year national surveillance data
Authors: Guo Yue , Zhou Hongchang , Dong Haiyan , Dong Ying , Lu Mingke 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background

The threat posed by sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), such as syphilis, gonorrhea, AIDS/HIV and HBV, to the elderly Chinese population remains unclear.

Methods

National surveillance data, including case numbers, numbers of deaths, incidence and mortality, on 4 STDs from 2004–2018 was collated. Subjects were divided into two groups of older (aged ≥ 60) and younger (aged＜60) participants. The older group subdivided into those aged 60+ (ages 60–69), 70+ (ages 70–79) and 80+ (≥ 80). Time periods, 2004–2008, 2009–2013 and 2014–2018 were examined. Comparison of epidemiological characteristics between older and younger groups, the 3 sub-divisions of the older groups and incidence trends of the 4 diseases among older participants were analyzed using the χ2 test.

Results

STDs incidence was significantly different between older and younger participants. Incidences of syphilis, AIDS/HIV and HBV among older were higher than younger subjects following the years 2006, 2010 and 2015, Besides, the incidences of syphilis, AIDS/HIV and HBV showed increasing trends in 2004–2018. Mortality from all 4 diseases was also higher among older than younger subject. Moreover, mortality from AIDS/HIV increased between 2004 and 2018. Analysis of the 3 sub-divisions of the older group showed that 60 + participants had the highest incidence of gonorrhea, AIDS/HIV and HBV; 70 + participants had the highest mortality from AIDS/HIV and the fastest growth rate of AIDS/HIV incidence and mortality.

Conclusion

Syphilis, gonorrhea, AIDS/HIV and HBV constituted a threat to the health of older people in China in the time period 2004–2018.
ENSO phase space dynamics with an improved estimate of the thermocline depth
Authors: Dommenget By Dietmar , Priya Priyamvada , Vijayeta Asha 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The recharge oscillator model of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) describes the ENSO dynamics as an interaction and oscillation between the eastern tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures (T) and subsurface heat content (thermocline depth; h), describing a cycle of ENSO phases. h is often approximated on the basis of the depth of the 20oC isotherm (Z20). In this study we will address how the estimation of h affects the representation of ENSO dynamics. We will compare the ENSO phase space with h estimated based on Z20 and based on the maximum gradient in the temperature profile (Zmxg). The results illustrate that the ENSO phase space is much closer to the idealised recharge oscillator model if based on Zmxg than if based on Z20. Using linear and non-linear recharge oscillator models fitted to the observed data illustrates that the Z20 estimate leads to artificial phase dependent structures in the ENSO phase space, which result from an in-phase correlation between h and T. Based on the Zmxg estimate the ENSO phase space diagram show very clear non-linear aspects in growth rates and phase speeds. Based on this estimate we can describe the ENSO cycle dynamics as a non-linear cycle that grows during the recharge and El Nino state, and decays during the La Nina states. The most extreme ENSO states are during the El Nino and discharge states, while the La Nina and recharge states do not have extreme states. It further has faster phase speeds after the El Nino state and slower phase speeds during and after the La Nina states. The analysis suggests that the ENSO phase speed is significantly positive in all phases, suggesting that ENSO is indeed a cycle. However, the phase speeds are closest to zero during and after the La Nina state, indicating that the ENSO cycle is most likely to stall in these states.
Electronic contacts and lubricity characters between monolayer WSe2 and Zr2C, Zr2CY2 (Y = F or OH)
Authors: Wang Qiaohui , Li Hong , Si Lina , Dou Zhaoliang , Yan Hongjuan , Yang Ye , Zhou Gang , Qing Tao , Zhang Shaohua , Liu Fengbin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The research on the interface contact characteristics is one of the hot topics for the van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure. We studied the electronic and frictional characters for the WSe2/Zr2C and WSe2/Zr2CY2 (Y = F or OH) vdW heterostructure by using DFT simulations. n-type Ohmic contacts are found for all the vdW heterostructures. The friction and shear strength of the WSe2/Zr2CY2 (Y = F or OH) vdW heterostructures are several tens lower than the WSe2/Zr2C vdW heterostructure. The extremely low friction value of the WSe2/Zr2C(OH)2 vdW heterostructure is only 0.00185~0.00975 nN/ atom. The weak interaction and smooth condition between interfaces are responsible for the small potential energy fluctuations and thus the low friction.
Heart rate and blood lactate level during short-bout small-sided game training have limited diagnostic value for internal training load among U18 male soccer players
Authors: Kryściak Jakub , Podgórski Tomasz , Chmura Paweł , Konefał Marek , Chmura Jan , Brazaitis Marius , Modric Toni , Andrzejewski Marcin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of 1×1 small-sided games (SSGs) with different bout durations on external (ETL) and internal training loads (ITL) in youth soccer players. Twenty U18 players were divided into two groups performing six 1×1 SSGs with 30 and 45 s bout durations. ITL indices, including the percentage of maximum heart rate (HR), blood lactate (BLa) level, pH, bicarbonate (HCO3¯) level, and base excess (BE) level, were measured at rest, after each SSG bout, and 15 and 30 min after the entire exercise protocol. ETL (Global Positioning System metrics) was recorded during all six SSG bouts. The analysis showed that the 45 s SSGs had a greater volume but a lower training intensity than the 30 s SSGs. A significant time effect was observed in all ITL indices and a significant group effect in the HCO3¯ level only. Finally, the changes in the HR and HCO3¯ level were smaller in the 45 s SSGs than in the 30 s SSGs. In conclusion, the HR and BLa level during short-bout SSG training have limited diagnostic value for ITL. Extending ITL monitoring using other indicators, such as the HCO3¯ and BE levels, appears reasonable.
Immune changes induced by periampullary adenocarcinoma are reversed after tumor resection and modulate the postoperative survival
Authors: Landerer Anna , Himmelsbach Ruth , Biesel Esther A. , Fichtner-Feigl Stefan , Wittel Uwe A. , Chikhladze Sophia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Tumor growth encompasses multiple immunologic processes leading to impaired immunity. Regarding cancer surgery, the perioperative period is characterized by an additional immunosuppression that may contribute to poor outcomes. In this exploratory study, we assessed plasma parameters, characterizing the perioperative immunity with a particular focus on their prognostic value.
Patients and methods
31 patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy were enrolled (adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head and its periampullary region: n=24, benign pancreatic diseases n=7). Abundance and function of circulating immune cells and the plasma protein expression were
analyzed in blood samples taken pre- and postoperatively using flow cytometry, ELISA and Proximity Extension Assay.
Results
Prior to surgery, an increased population of Tregs, a lower frequency of intermediate monocytes, a decreased portion of activated T-cells and a reduced response of T-cells to stimulation in vitro were associated with cancer. On the first postoperative day, both groups showed similar dynamics. The preoperative alterations did not persist six weeks postoperatively. Moreover, several preoperative parameters correlated with the postoperative survival.
Conclusion
Our data suggest systemic immunologic changes in adenocarcinoma patients, which are reversible six weeks after tumor resection. Additionally, the preoperative immune status affects the postoperative survival. In summary, our results implicate prognostic and therapeutic potential, justifying further trials on the perioperative tumor immunity to maximize the benefit of surgical tumor therapy.
Ablation of neural progenitors by focal X-ray irradiation: effects on song production and perception in canaries
Authors: Chiver Ioana , Santos Ednei B. dos , Valle Shelley , Lallemand François , Cornil Charlotte A. , Ball Gregory F. , Balthazart Jacques 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The song control nucleus HVC of songbirds has emerged as a widespread model system to study adult neurogenesis and the factors that modulate the incorporation of new neurons, including seasonal state, sex differences or sex steroid hormone concentrations. However, the specific function of these new neurons born in adulthood remains poorly understood. We implemented a new procedure based on focal X-ray irradiation to deplete neural progenitors in the ventricular zone adjacent to HVC and study the functional consequences. A 23 Gy dose depleted by more than 50 percent the incorporation of BrdU in neural progenitors, a depletion that was confirmed by a significant decrease in doublecortin positive neurons. This depletion of neurogenesis significantly increased the variability of testosterone-induced songs in females and decreased their bandwidth. Expression of the immediate early gene ZENK (a.k.a. egr-1) in secondary auditory areas of the telencephalon that respond to song was also inhibited. These data provide compelling evidence that new neurons in HVC play a role in both song production and perception and that X-ray focal irradiation represents an excellent tool to advance our understanding of adult neurogenesis.
Evaluation of Power System Reliability Incorporating Protection System Miscoordination
Authors: Sabzebin Saeed , Noghabi Abbas Saberi , Mazlumi Kazem 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The operation of protection systems has a considerable impact on power system reliability. The main reason for cascading outages is protection system misoperation. Two leading causes of protection system misoperation are protection system failure and incorrect settings. The failure of any of its components of the protection system results in failure to operate or undesired tripping and incorrect settings of relays cause protection miscoordination. In this paper, an analysis of power system reliability regarding failure and incorrect settings of the protection system is paid. This paper proposes an eight-state Markov model for a transmission line and its protection system incorporating protection system miscoordination distingue from failure to operate and undesired trip. The situation of network lines in the period of simulation time has been determined by the sequential Monte Carlo method, and are calculated the reliability indices such as Loss of Load Probability (LOLP), Loss of Load Expectation (LOLE), Expected Energy Not Supplied (EENS), and Expected Frequency of Load Curtailment (EFLC). The proposed model is applied to a 6-bus IEEE RBTS network, and the reliability indices are calculated and compared from both perspectives to show the importance of the proposed model.
Extremal Functions on Generalized Weinstein Sobolev-gevrey spaces
Authors: Chaffar Mohamed Moktar , Mohamed Hassen Ben 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Note: Please see pdf for full abstract with equations.
The Weinstein operator $\Delta_{W}^{\alpha,d}$, mostly referred to as theLaplace-Bessel differential operator is now known as an important operator inanalysis, because of its applications in pure and applied Mathematics,especially in Fluid Mechanics. In this paper, we consider the generalizedWeinstein operator $\Delta_{W}^{d,\alpha,n}$, we introduce and study theSobolev-Gevrey spaces associated with the generalized Weinstein operator andinvestigate their properties. Next, as application, we study the extremalfunctions on the spaces $\mathscr H_{a,\sigma}^{s,\alpha,n}(\mathbb{R}%_{+}^{d+1})$ using the theory of reproducing kernels.
Mathematics Subject Classification:42B10; 42B30; 42B35; 43A32 ; 44A35; 46F12; 46E35
A geospatial assessment of urban green space in Debre Markos City, Ethiopia
Authors: Anteneh Mihret Bizuye , Damte Desta Solomon , Abate Simeneh Gedefaw , Gedefaw Abebaw Andarge 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Urban Green Space (UGS) serves as a lung y for city dwellers to breathe. Debre Markos City (DMC) lacks natural recreational areas such as lakes and artificial green spaces. A notable UGS study utilizing multiple contributing factors integrated with the application remote sensing and GIS has a significant advantage in making residents more comfortable. This study, therefore, aimed to assess the existing UGS, quantify it, and identify a suitable area for UGS development. Hence, ten UGS influencing factors were selected. Each criterion was analyzed with the use of its proper algorithm. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) analysis integrated with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and RS and GIS were applied. The weighted sum overlay analysis method of spatial analysis was implemented based on the criteria weight of each factor. A 90.6% and 0.8855 accuracy assessment and kappa coefficient were recorded for land use/land cover classification, respectively. The value of consistency ratio was 0.043, which is < 1 and acceptable. Results revealed that 13.12%, 25.47%, 30.89%, 22.49%, and 8.2% of the total area coverage had very high, highly, moderately, poorly and unsuitable for UGS development activity at DMC, respectively. In this study, a resident can access UGS with less than 1km radius distance, closer to the national standard of Ethiopia (i.e. 500m). However, in the existing UGS, a person enforced to walk or travel more than 8.4km distance to get the service. In conclusion, remote sensing and GIS can make life easy to access UGS in the study area with minimum distance and cost, and a short period. It is recommended that policy makers, planners and executive bodies in Ethiopia (highly urbanizing country) should consider future urban demand of the dwellers with proper studies earlier to other urban infrastructures.
Analysis of qualitative morphological trait diversity in sugarcane (Saccharum spp., Hybrid) germplasm
Authors: Gemeda Belay Tolera , Gedebo Andargachew , Tena Esayas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

The success of any crop improvement program depends on the extent of genetic diversity present in the germplasm. The current study's aim was to determine the level of qualitative morphological trait diversity among sugarcane germplasm. Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H’) values of characters for the 196 sugarcane genotypes ranged from 0.08 to 0.94, with a mean of value 0.65. This indicates the presence of a wide range of qualitative morphological trait variability among the sugarcane genotypes. The H' pooled across locations by character, and the H' pooled across characters by location, ranged from 0.06 to 0.82; and 0.00 to 0.84, respectively, with a mean value of 0.53 in both cases. Multivariate cluster analysis divided the entire sugarcane into three distinct groups. The distance between groups of genotypes, and a pair of individual sugarcane genotypes ranged from 9.77 to 12.74, and 0.51 to 15.56, respectively. The non-zero lowest distance value between genotypes 1 and 22 indicates that there was no duplication among the materials tested. Additionally, the lowest distance value between them indicates the presence of high qualitative morphological trait similarity emanating from high genetic resemblance. Conversely, the maximum distance value was observed between genotypes 82 and 132. This indicates that these two genotypes had highly contrasting and complementing qualitative morphological traits and, hence had high genetic divergence that could be utilized. Generally, we deduced that the study discovered high genetic diversity among the genotypes and identified divergent parental combinations to be used as parents to develop an improved sugarcane variety.
Effect of subanesthetic dose of esketamine on postoperative rehabilitation in elderly patients undergoing hip arthroplasty
Authors: Min Menghang , Du Chengxu , Chen Xiaoying , Xin Wenqi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of postoperative analgesia with subanesthetic dose of esketamine on rehabilitation of elderly patients undergoing hip arthroplasty.
Methods 150 patients, ASA physical statusⅠ～Ⅱ, aged ≥ 60 years, no limitation in gender, BMI18 ~ 25 kg/cm2, who underwent selective total hip arthroplasty, according to random number table method, esketamine group (group A) and sufentanil group (group B) were randomized, 75 patients in each group. The two groups received general anesthesia method.At the end of the operation, PCIA was connected for analgesia. In group A, esketamine 2.5mg/kg was mixed with normal saline to 100ml. In group B, sufentanil 2.5ug/kg was mixed with normal saline to 100ml. Record the VAS scores after operation. Record the first ambulation time, ambulation distance and PCA compression times after operation. The incidence of postoperative adverse reactions such as drowsiness, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, multilingual were recorded. ELISA was used to detect IL-6 and CRP in the morning, 24 hours and 72 hours after operation. The hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) score and Harris score at 3 days, 1 week and 1 month after operation were followed up.
Results There was no significant difference in VAS score and PCA compression times(P > 0.05), but the incidence of nausea, vomiting and dizziness in group B was higher than that in group A(P < 0.05). Compared with group B, the levels of IL-6 and CRP in group A at 24h and 72h after operation were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Postoperative ambulation time and ambulation distance in group A were better than those in group B(P < 0.05). The HAD score of group A was lower than that of group B at 3 days and 1 week after operation.(P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups at 1 month after operation (P > 0.05). The Harris score of group A was higher than that of group B at 3 days, 1 week and 1 month after operation(P < 0.05).
Conclusions Esketamine can reduce short-term postoperative anxiety and depression, relieve postoperative pain and stress response, shorten bed rest time after total hip replacement, and accelerate postoperative recovery.