bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aqueous extract of Platycodon grandiflorus attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in mouse lungs by inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling
Authors: Zhou Yang , Jin Tianzi , Gao Mingtong , Luo Zichen , Mutahir Sadaf , Shi Chen , Xie Tong , Lin Lili , Xu Jianya , Liao Yingzhao , Chen Ming , Deng Haishan , Zheng Min , Shan Jinjun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Acute lung injury (ALI), an acute inflammatory lung disease, can cause a rapid inflammatory response in clinic, which endangers the patient's life. The components of platycodon grandiflorum, such as platycodins have a wide range of pharmacological activities such as expectorant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-oxidant properties, and can be used for improving human immunity. Previous studies have shown that aqueous extract of platycodon grandiflorum (PAE) has a certain protective effect on ALI, but the main pharmacodynamic components and the mechanism of action are not clear.

Methods
The anti-inflammatory properties of PAE were studied using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI animal model. Hematoxylin and eosin stains were used to assess the degree of acute lung damage. Changes in RNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs were measured using quantitative RT-qPCR. The potential molecular mechanism of PAE preventing ALI was predicted by lipidomics and network pharmacology. To examine the anti-apoptotic effects of PAE, TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) was employed to determine apoptosis-related variables. The amounts of critical pathway proteins and apoptosis-related proteins were measured using Western blotting.

Results
Twenty-six chemical components from the PAE were identified, and their related pathways were obtained by the network pharmacology. Combined with the analysis of network pharmacology and literature, it was found that the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway is related to ALI. The results of lipidomics show that PAE alleviates ALI via regulating lung lipids especially phosphatidylinositol (PI). Finally, the methods of molecular biology were used to verify the mechanism of PAE. It can be found that PAE attenuates the inflammatory response to ALI by inhibiting apoptosis through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Conclusion
The study revealed that the PAE attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in mouse lungs by inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling. Furthermore, our findings provide a novel strategy for the application of PAE as a potential agent for preventing patients with ALI.
Asymmetric gene expression and cell-type-specific regulatory networks in the root of bread wheat revealed by single-cell multiomics analysis
Authors: Zhang Lihua , He Chao , Lai Yuting , Wang Yating , Kang Lu , Liu Ankui , Lan Caixia , Su Handong , Gao Yuwen , Li Zeqing , Yang Fang , Li Qiang , Mao Hailiang , Chen Dijun , Chen Wei , Kaufmann Kerstin , Yan Wenhao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Homoeologs are defined as homologous genes resulting from allopolyploidy. Bread wheat, Triticum aestivum, is an allohexaploid species with many homoeologs. Homoeolog expression bias, referring to the relative contribution of homoeologs to the transcriptome, is critical for determining the traits that influence wheat growth and development. Asymmetric transcription of homoeologs has been so far investigated in a tissue or organ-specific manner, which could be misleading due to a mixture of cell types.

Results
Here, we perform single nuclei RNA sequencing and ATAC sequencing of wheat root to study the asymmetric gene transcription, reconstruct cell differentiation trajectories and cell-type-specific gene regulatory networks. We identify 22 cell types. We then reconstruct cell differentiation trajectories that suggest different origins between epidermis/cortex and endodermis, distinguishing bread wheat from Arabidopsis. We show that the ratio of asymmetrically transcribed triads varies greatly when analyzing at the single-cell level. Hub transcription factors determining cell type identity are also identified. In particular, we demonstrate that TaSPL14 participates in vasculature development by regulating the expression of BAM1. Combining single-cell transcription and chromatin accessibility data, we construct the pseudo-time regulatory network driving root hair differentiation. We find MYB3R4, REF6, HDG1, and GATAs as key regulators in this process.

Conclusions
Our findings reveal the transcriptional landscape of root organization and asymmetric gene transcription at single-cell resolution in polyploid wheat.
The importance of NOT being Other: Time to address the invisibility of nuanced gender and sexuality in clinical trials
Authors: Williams Adam D. N. , Hood Kerenza , Bracken Karen , Shorter Gillian W. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Representation of all members of society within research, especially those typically underserved, is needed to ensure that trial evidence applies to the relevant population, and that effective interventions are available to all. The lack of appropriate and representative options in demographic questions around sex, gender and sexuality may result in the exclusion of LGBTQIA + people from health research.

Main body
Sex and gender are not the same, yet this is rarely recognised in trial data collection, with the terms sex and gender often being used interchangeably. Sex or gender is often used as a stratification factor at randomisation and/or to define sub-groups at the time of data analysis, so correct data collection is essential for producing high-quality science. Sexuality also suffers from ‘othering’ with identities not being acknowledged but simply provided as an alternative to the perceived main identities. When collecting sexuality information, it is important to consider the purposes of collecting this data.

Conclusion
We call on those involved in trials to consider how sex, gender and sexuality data are collected, with an active consideration of inclusivity. Through the description of all non-straight, non-cisgender people as ‘other’ you may be ignoring the needs of these populations and doing science, yourself, and them a disservice. Inclusivity may require small but important changes to ensure your research findings are inclusive and develop the evidence base for often overlooked populations.
Microbial production of high octane and high sensitivity olefinic ester biofuels
Authors: Carruthers David N. , Kim Jinho , Mendez-Perez Daniel , Monroe Eric , Myllenbeck Nick , Liu Yuzhong , Davis Ryan W. , Sundstrom Eric , Lee Taek Soon 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Advanced spark ignition engines require high performance fuels with improved resistance to autoignition. Biologically derived olefinic alcohols have arisen as promising blendstock candidates due to favorable octane numbers and synergistic blending characteristics. However, production and downstream separation of these alcohols are limited by their intrinsic toxicity and high aqueous solubility, respectively. Bioproduction of carboxylate esters of alcohols can improve partitioning and reduce toxicity, but in practice has been limited to saturated esters with characteristically low octane sensitivity. If olefinic esters retain the synergistic blending characteristics of their alcohol counterparts, they could improve the bioblendstock combustion performance while also retaining the production advantages of the ester moiety.

Results
Optimization of Escherichia coli isoprenoid pathways has led to high titers of isoprenol and prenol, which are not only excellent standalone biofuel and blend candidates, but also novel targets for esterification. Here, a selection of olefinic esters enhanced blendstock performance according to their degree of unsaturation and branching. E. coli strains harboring optimized mevalonate pathways, thioester pathways, and heterologous alcohol acyltransferases (ATF1, ATF2, and SAAT) were engineered for the bioproduction of four novel olefinic esters. Although prenyl and isoprenyl lactate titers were limited to 1.48 ± 0.41 mg/L and 5.57 ± 1.36 mg/L, strains engineered for prenyl and isoprenyl acetate attained titers of 176.3 ± 16.0 mg/L and 3.08 ± 0.27 g/L, respectively. Furthermore, prenyl acetate (20% bRON = 125.8) and isoprenyl acetate (20% bRON = 108.4) exhibited blend properties comparable to ethanol and significantly better than any saturated ester. By further scaling cultures to a 2-L bioreactor under fed-batch conditions, 15.0 ± 0.9 g/L isoprenyl acetate was achieved on minimal medium. Metabolic engineering of acetate pathway flux further improved titer to attain an unprecedented 28.0 ± 1.0 g/L isoprenyl acetate, accounting for 75.7% theoretical yield from glucose.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrated novel bioproduction of four isoprenoid oxygenates for fuel blending. Our optimized E. coli production strain generated an unprecedented titer of isoprenyl acetate and when paired with its favorable blend properties, may enable rapid scale-up of olefinic alcohol esters for use as a fuel blend additive or as a precursor for longer-chain biofuels and biochemicals.
Biochemical and structural characterisation of a family GH5 cellulase from endosymbiont of shipworm P. megotara
Authors: Junghare Madan , Manavalan Tamilvendan , Fredriksen Lasse , Leiros Ingar , Altermark Bjørn , Eijsink Vincent G. H. , Vaaje-Kolstad Gustav 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Cellulases play a key role in the enzymatic conversion of plant cell-wall polysaccharides into simple and economically relevant sugars. Thus, the discovery of novel cellulases from exotic biological niches is of great interest as they may present properties that are valuable in the biorefining of lignocellulosic biomass.

Results
We have characterized a glycoside hydrolase 5 (GH5) domain of a bi-catalytic GH5-GH6 multi-domain enzyme from the unusual gill endosymbiont Teredinibacter waterburyi of the wood-digesting shipworm Psiloteredo megotara. The catalytic GH5 domain, was cloned and recombinantly produced with or without a C-terminal family 10 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM). Both variants showed hydrolytic endo-activity on soluble substrates such as β-glucan, carboxymethylcellulose and konjac glucomannan, respectively. However, low activity was observed towards the crystalline form of cellulose. Interestingly, when co-incubated with a cellulose-active LPMO, a clear synergy was observed that boosted the overall hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose. The crystal structure of the GH5 catalytic domain was solved to 1.0 Å resolution and revealed a substrate binding cleft extension containing a putative + 3 subsite, which is uncommon in this enzyme family. The enzyme was active in a wide range of pH, temperatures and showed high tolerance for NaCl.

Conclusions
This study provides significant knowledge in the discovery of new enzymes from shipworm gill endosymbionts and sheds new light on biochemical and structural characterization of cellulolytic cellulase. Study demonstrated a boost in the hydrolytic activity of cellulase on crystalline cellulose when co-incubated with cellulose-active LPMO. These findings will be relevant for the development of future enzyme cocktails that may be useful for the biotechnological conversion of lignocellulose.
Substituting device-measured sedentary time with alternative 24-hour movement behaviours: compositional associations with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk in the ORISCAV-LUX 2 study
Authors: Collings Paul J. , Backes Anne , Aguayo Gloria A. , Fagherazzi Guy , Malisoux Laurent ,   the ORISCAV-LUX study group
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
There is a considerable burden of sedentary time in European adults. We aimed to quantify the differences in adiposity and cardiometabolic health associated with theoretically exchanging sedentary time for alternative 24 h movement behaviours.

Methods
This observational cross-sectional study included Luxembourg residents aged 18–79 years who each provided  ≥ 4 valid days of triaxial accelerometry (n = 1046). Covariable adjusted compositional isotemporal substitution models were used to examine if statistically replacing device-measured sedentary time with more time in the sleep period, light physical activity (PA), or moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was associated with adiposity and cardiometabolic health markers. We further investigated the cardiometabolic properties of replacing sedentary time which was accumulated in prolonged (≥ 30 min) with non-prolonged (< 30 min) bouts.

Results
Replacing sedentary time with MVPA was favourably associated with adiposity, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting glucose, insulin, and clustered cardiometabolic risk. Substituting sedentary time with light PA was associated with lower total body fat, fasting insulin, and was the only time-exchange to predict lower triglycerides and a lower apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio. Exchanging sedentary time with more time in the sleep period was associated with lower fasting insulin, and with lower adiposity in short sleepers. There was no significant evidence that replacing prolonged with non-prolonged sedentary time was related to outcomes.

Conclusions
Artificial time-use substitutions indicate that replacing sedentary time with MVPA is beneficially associated with the widest range of cardiometabolic risk factors. Light PA confers some additional and unique metabolic benefit. Extending sleep, by substituting sedentary time with more time in the sleep period, may lower obesity risk in short sleepers.
Lactococcus lactis endocarditis and liver abscess in an immunocompetent patient: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Lahlou Wahib , Bourial Abderrahim , Maaouni Taib , Bensaad Ahmed , Bensahi Ilham , Sabry Mohamed , Miguil Mohamed 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Over the last two decades, several cases of infections caused by Lactococcus lactis have been reported. This Gram-positive coccus is considered non-pathogenic for humans. However, in some rare cases, it can cause serious infections such as endocarditis, peritonitis, and intra-abdominal infections.

Case presentation
A 56-year-old Moroccan patient was admitted to the hospital because of diffuse abdominal pain and fever. The patient had no past medical history. Five days before his admission, he developed abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant along with chills and feverish sensations. Investigations showed a liver abscess, which was drained, and the microbiological study of the pus revealed Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris. Three days after admission, control computed tomography objectified splenic infarctions. Cardiac explorations were performed and showed a floating vegetation on the ventricle side of the aortic valve. We retained the diagnosis of infectious endocarditis according to the modified Duke criteria. The patient was declared afebrile on day 5 and the evolution was clinically and biologically favorable. Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, formerly known as Streptococcuscremoris, is a rare cause of human infections. The first case of Lactococcus lactiscremoris endocarditis was reported in 1955. This organism includes three subspecies: lactis, cremoris, and hordniae. A MEDLINE and Scopus search showed only 13 cases of infectious endocarditis due to Lactococcus lactis, with subsp. cremoris identified in four of the cases.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first case report of the co-occurrence of Lactococcus lactis endocarditis and liver abscess. Despite its reported low virulence and good response to antibiotic treatment, Lactococcus lactis endocarditis must be considered a serious disease. It is imperative for a clinician to suspect this microorganism of causing endocarditis when they notice signs of infectious endocarditis in a patient with a history of consumption of unpasteurized dairy products or contact with farm animals. The finding of a liver abscess should lead to an investigation of endocarditis, even in previously healthy patients without obvious clinical signs of endocarditis.
Munchausen syndrome by proxy: a case report
Authors: Alkhattabi Fadiah , Bamogaddam Israa , Alsagheir Afaf , Al-Ashwal Abdullah , Alhuthil Raghad 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Inappropriately high levels of insulin secretion can cause the potentially fatal condition of persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy. Our paper focuses on another cause of severe hypoglycemia, which can be easily missed.

Case presentation
An 18-month-old Saudi female was referred to our hospital for further investigation and management of her recurrent hypoglycemic attacks as a case of persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy. During admission, we noticed multiple red flags from the history; the mother was insisting on a pancreatectomy, rather than going for a positron emission tomography scan, and most importantly, all hypoglycemic attacks occurred while the mother was around. Consequently, after further investigation, the case was diagnosed as a caregiver-fabricated illness, and the case was referred to the Child Protection Center.

Conclusions
One must have a high index of suspicion to diagnose caregiver-fabricated illness. Physicians should be more attentive to prevent such a disease, which could eventually become lethal if left unnoticed.
Bridging gut microbiota composition with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Enterobacteriales faecal carriage in critically ill patients (microbe cohort study)
Authors: Prevel Renaud , Enaud Raphaël , Orieux Arthur , Camino Adrian , Sioniac Pierre , M’Zali Fatima , Dubois Véronique , Berger Patrick , Boyer Alexandre , Delhaes Laurence , Gruson Didier 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The worldwide dissemination of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriales (ESBL-E) is of major concern. Microbiota may play a role in the host resistance to colonization with ESBL-E, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We aimed to compare the gut microbiota composition between ESBL-producing E. coli or K. pneumoniae carriers and ESBL-E non-carriers according to the bacterial species.

Results
Among 255 patients included, 11 (4,3%) were colonized with ESBL-producing E. coli and 6 (2,4%) with ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae, which were compared with age- and sex-matched ESBL-E non carriers. While no significant differences were found between ESBL-producing E. coli carriers and non-carriers, gut bacteriobiota α-diversity was decreased in ESBL-K. pneumoniae faecal carriers compared both with non-carriers (p = 0.05), and with ESBL-producing E. coli carriers. The presence of Sellimonas intestinalis was associated with the absence of ESBL-producing E. coli fecal carriage. Campylobacter ureolyticus, Campylobacter hominis, bacteria belonging to Clostridium cluster XI and Saccharomyces sp. were associated with the absence of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae faecal carriage.

Conclusions
The composition of the gut microbiota differs between ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae faecal carriers suggesting that microbial species should be taken into account when investigating the role of gut microbiota in resistance to gut colonization with ESBL-E.
Trial registration number: NCT04131569, date of registration: October 18, 2019.
On the blow-up criterion for the Hall-MHD problem with partial dissipation in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$
Authors: Du Baoying 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the 3D incompressible Hall-magnetohydrodynamics with partial dissipation. Based on the results in (Du in Bound. Value Probl. 2022:6, 2022; Du and Liu in Acta Math. Sci. 42A:5, 2022; Fei and Xiang in J. Math. Phys. 56:051504, 2015), we establish an improved blow-up criterion for classical solutions. Furthermore, using the blow-up criterion, we also obtain the existence of the classical solutions only under the condition that the initial data $\|V_{0}\|_{H^{1}}+\|B_{0}\|_{H^{2}}$

∥

V
0

∥

H
1

+

∥

B
0

∥

H
2

are sufficiently small.
Geo-archaeology, archaeometry, and history of a seismic-endangered historical site in central Apennines (Italy)
Authors: Falcone Francesca , Di Valerio Eugenio , La Salvia Vasco , Rosatelli Gianluigi , Perna Maria Grazia , Bello Simone , Francis Rachel Elaine , Stoppa Francesco 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Ancient human settlements accumulate essential historical, archaeological, and geological information. An example is the St. Angel Cave, which preserves a Romanesque church and a complex of lustral tubs in the Eastern Maiella Massif (Central Apennines of Italy). Historical chronicles and archaeological data show that the church dates to the 10th–11th century. The archaeometry applied to the ceramic, coin, and wooden artefacts resulting from the excavation established a chronology of the periods of use and abandonment of the St. Angel Cave. The layering of architectural elements, changes in style, and alterations of the church structure account for two collapses. The first could be related to the poorly known 1209 earthquake. In addition, we describe the damage and changes to the structure and the use of space caused probably by the 1706 and 1933 earthquakes.
The microbiome of cereal plants: The current state of knowledge and the potential for future applications
Authors: Michl Kristina , Berg Gabriele , Cernava Tomislav 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe plant microbiota fulfils various crucial functions related to host health, fitness, and productivity. Over the past years, the number of plant microbiome studies continued to steadily increase. Technological advancements not only allow us to produce constantly increasing datasets, but also to extract more information from them in order to advance our understanding of plant-microbe interactions. The growing knowledge base has an enormous potential to improve microbiome-based, sustainable agricultural practices, which are currently poorly understood and have yet to be further developed. Cereal plants are staple foods for a large proportion of the world’s population and are therefore often implemented in microbiome studies. In the present review, we conducted extensive literature research to reflect the current state of knowledge in terms of the microbiome of the four most commonly cultivated cereal plants. We found that currently the majority of available studies are targeting the wheat microbiome, which is closely followed by studies on maize and rice. There is a substantial gap, in terms of published studies, addressing the barley microbiome. Overall, the focus of most microbiome studies on cereal plants is on the below-ground microbial communities, and there is more research on bacteria than on fungi and archaea. A meta-analysis conducted in the frame of this review highlights microbiome similarities across different cereal plants. Our review also provides an outlook on how the plant microbiota could be harnessed to improve sustainability of cereal crop production.