bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Criminal liability for causing harm to health during sports
Authors: Korabel Mariia , Shynkarov Yurii , Plotnikova Alina , Kuryliuk Yurii , Motlyakh Oleksandr 
Published: January 2023

The study of liability in sport takes place through the prism of legal liability, which is understood as a legal relationship between an entity that has violated the law, on the one hand, and the state, represented by its bodies or other organizations authorized to determine liability for the offender, on the other. Liability can be defined as a mechanism for redistributing costs based on the idea of ​​fair reimbursement; the costs of the person whose rights have been violated are transferred to the person through whose fault the violation occurred. The aim of the study was to examine the issues of regulation of liability for health injuries in sports. The methodology of the chosen problem was a systematic approach, including dialectical, formal-logical and structural-functional methods and other general scientific research methods, as well as special legal methods: comparative law and formal law. According to the Criminal Code of Ukraine, a crime is a socially dangerous criminal act (action or omission) committed by the subject of the crime. In case of harm to human health during sports, the perpetrators should be prosecuted in cases where one of the participants in the competition intentionally grossly violates the established rules of sports competitions.
The study of liability in sport takes place through the prism of legal liability, which is understood as a legal relationship between an entity that has violated the law, on the one hand, and the state, represented by its bodies or other organizations authorized to determine liability for the offender, on the other. Liability can be defined as a mechanism for redistributing costs based on the idea of ​​fair reimbursement; the costs of the person whose rights have been violated are transferred to the person through whose fault the violation occurred. The aim of the study was to examine the issues of regulation of liability for health injuries in sports. The methodology of the chosen problem was a systematic approach, including dialectical, formal-logical and structural-functional methods and other general scientific research methods, as well as special legal methods: comparative law and formal law. According to the Criminal Code of Ukraine, a crime is a socially dangerous criminal act (action or omission) committed by the subject of the crime. In case of harm to human health during sports, the perpetrators should be prosecuted in cases where one of the participants in the competition intentionally grossly violates the established rules of sports competitions.
A Comparative Study between Pharmacoinvasive Strategy and Primary Percutaneous Coronary Angioplasty on Left Ventricle Function in Patients Presenting by Acute ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Mady Samar Samir Mohamed , Ashmawy Medhat Mohamed , El-Shedody Sahar Abd Allah , Ibrahim Ibtsam Khairat 
Published: January 2023

Background: Ischemic heart disease is considered the most common cause of death, worldwide. It accounts for 1.8 million deaths annually in Europe alone. According to the center for disease control (CDC) it’s the most common cause of deaths in Egypt accounting for more than one fifth of the total death count per year (21%), followed by stroke, then cancer.
Aim: This work aimed to study and assess the efficacy of a pharmacoinvasive strategy compared with a primary PCI strategy on the left ventricle function in treatment of patient with myocardial infarction.
Methods: Our study was prospective non randomized which compares between two groups, both of which had first time acute STEMI admitted to our Tanta University Hospital within the accepted time, which are (group 1) patients who had primary PCI for the infract related artery as a reperfusion therapy and (group 2) patients who had thrombolytic followed by coronary angiography with a window to PCI (pharmacoinvasive technique). Coronary angiography was performed either immediately in case of failed thrombolytic therapy or within 3-24 hrs. Following thrombolytic in case of successful thrombolytic.
Both groups presented to the hospital within the accepted time window for reperfusion therapy either (thrombolytic or primary PCI), within 12 hrs.
Results: The study compared between the two groups in the acute stage during hospitalization of the patients and after discharge according to Clinical outcomes: (mortality, major adverse cardiac events (MACE) as heart failure symptoms, re-infarction and Cardiac death),angiographic findings (base line TIMI flow score and final TIMI score, single or multi-vessel disease), angiographic complications as dissection and no-reflow, occurrence of contrast induced nephropathy and cerebrovascular events and LV systolic function assessment by echocardiography.
Conclusion: In this study, we highlighted the importance of total ischemic time and importance of patient and system related delays in influencing outcomes of STEMI.
A Review of User Vulnerabilities Associated with Shared Sanitation Practices in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Obeng Peter Appiah , Awere Eric , Banafo Kwesi Sane , Obeng Panin Asirifua , Quaye Sharon Amanda , Pennellini Sara , Bonoli Alessandra 
Published: January 2023

Aims: Shared sanitation was excluded from the basic service level due to perceived limitations of their hygiene, accessibility and safety. But how does the current body of scientific knowledge influence the narrative? This paper is aimed at reviewing data on the current status and vulnerability issues reported to be associated with shared sanitation in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
Methodology: Literature was searched using key search terms from nine databases. Peer-reviewed articles and various reports of individual country studies published in English from January 2000 to April 2022 were selected.
Results: As at 2020, the proportion of the population sharing sanitation facilities in SSA was estimated as 19% compared to 7% globally. The review revealed a mixed opinion about issues and vulnerabilities associated with shared sanitation which may have arisen from inconsistencies in the typologies and levels of sharing of facilities among the reviewed studies. Using shared sanitation was found to be associated with an increased risk of diarrheal diseases (OR=1.06; 95%CI: 1.03-1.08) and non-partner violence against women (OR=1.52; 95%CI: 1.22-1.82). However, there is also evidence that many shared facilities, particularly those shared by a few (2-3) households, are clean, meet the needs of the users and afford them similar health outcomes as non-shared facilities.
Conclusion: The findings of the review suggest that the outright exclusion of all forms of shared sanitation from basic sanitation potentially underestimates the global efforts and progress toward access to sanitation. There is a need to segregate communal and public toilets from privately shared facilities in future research as well as the progress reporting by the Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP). It is also recommended that steps are taken by the JMP to develop indicators for identifying and incorporating quality shared sanitation facilities into the basic sanitation service level in order to give a more realistic account of the global effort towards sanitation access.
ATUALIZAÇÕES DOS ESTUDOS E PRÁTICAS NA CATALOGAÇÃO DE MATERIAIS BIBLIOGRÁFICOS RAROS E ESPECIAIS
Authors: Almeida Fátima Duarte de , Santiago Maria Claudia , Peruzzor Tarcila 
Published: January 2023

A Catalogação descritiva é uma técnica que permite extrair informações dos materiais bibliográficos de modo a torná-los conhecidos pelos usuários. Essa técnica já está bem cristalizada em relação aos livros comuns, porém as obras raras trazem especificidades que precisam ser igualmente descritas para que elas sejam adequadamente representadas. Nesse sentido, um dos campos do Formato MARC que mais ajuda a descrever as obras raras é o 500, que diz respeito às notas, principalmente quando nos referimos à descrição das marcas de proveniência. Esse artigo propõe relatar o trabalho de estudo e aplicação do campo 500 as informações extraídas do acervo da coleção de Obras Raras e Especiais da Biblioteca de Manguinhos após a feitura da bibliografia material das mesmas. Observamos que as notas possuem três naturezas distintas, que categorizamos como “intrínsecas” - inseridas na nota 500 (notas gerais), “extrínsecas” - alocadas nos campos de notas 590 (notas locais), 563 (encadernação) e as “auxiliares” - sendo os campos 541 (fonte de aquisição imediata), 561 (custódia histórica), 583 (nota de intervenção), 585 (nota de exposição), 591 (estado de conservação do material), e registro imagético ou acesso eletrônico no campo 856. Conclui-se que a catalogação das marcas de proveniência tem possibilitado a identificação e reunião de coleções dispersas no acervo de origem e em outros que possam se interrelacionar e contribuir na segurança do acervo a partir da individualização do exemplar, além da promoção da memória institucional, valorização e identificação de patrimônio cultural.
Physician-Peer Relationships and Patient Experiences With Specialist Care
Authors: Pany Maximilian J. , McWilliams J. Michael 
Published: January 2023

ImportancePeer relationships may motivate physicians to aspire to high professional standards but have not been a major focus of quality improvement efforts.ObjectiveTo determine whether peer relationships between primary care physicians (PCPs) and specialists formed during training motivate improved specialist care for patients.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this quasi-experimental study, difference-in-differences analysis was used to estimate differences in experiences with specialist care reported by patients of the same PCP for specialists who did vs did not co-train with the PCP, controlling for any differences in patient ratings of the same specialists in the absence of co-training ties. Specialist visits resulting from PCP referrals from 2016 to 2019 in a large health system were analyzed, including a subset of undirected referrals in which PCPs did not specify a specialist. Data were collected from January 2016 to December 2019 and analyzed from March 2020 to October 2022.ExposureThe exposure was PCP-specialist overlap in training (medical school or postgraduate medical) at the same institution for at least 1 year (co-training).Main Outcomes and MeasuresComposite patient experience rating of specialist care constructed from Press Ganey’s Medical Practice Survey.ResultsOf 9920 specialist visits for 8655 patients (62.9% female; mean age, 57.4 years) with 502 specialists in 13 specialties, 3.1% (306) involved PCP-specialist dyads with a co-training tie. Co-training ties between PCPs and specialists were associated with a 9.0 percentage point higher adjusted composite patient rating of specialist care (95% CI, 5.6-12.4 percentage points; P &amp;lt; .001), analogous to improvement from the median to the 91st percentile of specialist performance. This association was stronger for PCP-specialist dyads with full temporal overlap in training (same class or cohort) and consistently strong for 9 of 10 patient experience items, including clarity of communication and engagement in shared decision-making. In secondary analyses of objective markers of altered specialist practice in an expanded sample of visits not limited by the availability of patient experience data, co-training was associated with changes in medication prescribing, suggesting behavioral changes beyond interpersonal communication. Patient characteristics varied minimally by co-training status of PCP-specialist dyads. Results were similar in analyses restricted to undirected referrals (in which PCPs did not specify a specialist). Concordance between PCPs and specialists in physician age, sex, medical school graduation year, and training institution (without requiring temporal overlap) was not associated with better care experiences.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this quasi-experimental study, PCP-specialist co-training elicited changes in specialist care that substantially improved patient experiences, suggesting potential gains from strategies encouraging the formation of stronger physician-peer relationships.
Association of Pretransplant Coronary Heart Disease Testing With Early Kidney Transplant Outcomes
Authors: Cheng Xingxing S. , Liu Sai , Han Jialin , Stedman Margaret R. , Baiocchi Michael , Tan Jane C. , Chertow Glenn M. , Fearon William F. 
Published: January 2023

ImportanceTesting for coronary heart disease (CHD) in asymptomatic kidney transplant candidates before transplant is widespread and endorsed by various professional societies, but its association with perioperative outcomes is unclear.ObjectiveTo estimate the association of pretransplant CHD testing with rates of death and myocardial infarction (MI).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study included all adult, first-time kidney transplant recipients from January 2000 through December 2014 in the US Renal Data System with at least 1 year of Medicare enrollment before and after transplant. An instrumental variable (IV) analysis was used, with the program-level CHD testing rate in the year of the transplant as the IV. Analyses were stratified by study period, as the rate of CHD testing varied over time. A combination of US Renal Data System variables and Medicare claims was used to ascertain exposure, IV, covariates, and outcomes.ExposuresReceipt of nonurgent invasive or noninvasive CHD testing during the 12 months preceding kidney transplant.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was a composite of death or acute MI within 30 days of after kidney transplant.ResultsThe cohort comprised 79 334 adult, first-time kidney transplant recipients (30 147 women [38%]; 25 387 [21%] Black and 48 394 [61%] White individuals; mean [SD] age of 56 [14] years during 2012 to 2014). The primary outcome occurred in 4604 patients (5.3%; 2063 [2.6%] death, 2329 [2.9%] acute MI). During the most recent study period (2012-2014), the CHD testing rate was 56% in patients in the most test-intensive transplant programs (fifth IV quintile) and 24% in patients at the least test-intensive transplant program (first IV quintile, P &amp;lt; .001); this pattern was similar across other study periods. In the main IV analysis, compared with no testing, CHD testing was not associated with a change in the rate of primary outcome (rate difference, 1.9%; 95% CI, 0%-3.5%). The results were similar across study periods, except for 2000 to 2003, during which CHD testing was associated with a higher event rate (rate difference, 6.8%; 95% CI, 1.8%-12.0%).Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this cohort study suggest that pretransplant CHD testing was not associated with a reduction in early posttransplant death or acute MI. The study findings potentially challenge the ubiquity of CHD testing before kidney transplant and should be confirmed in interventional studies.
Interventions Associated With Racial and Ethnic Diversity in US Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Mabeza Russyan Mark , Christophers Briana , Ederaine Sophia A. , Glenn Emily J. , Benton-Slocum Zachary P. , Marcelin Jasmine R. 
Published: January 2023

ImportanceRacially and ethnically minoritized individuals remain underrepresented in graduate medical education relative to their proportion in the population. While many programs and initiatives have been developed to address this problem, there is little consensus regarding strategies that work to improve representation across specialties.ObjectiveTo examine and synthesize evidence-based practices that have been used to increase the proportions of underrepresented in medicine (URiM) trainees at US residency and fellowship programs.Evidence ReviewThe authors searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, PsycInfo, ERIC, Cochrane Reviews, Cochrane Trials, CINAHL, Scopus, and PROSPERO electronic databases to identify relevant studies published through January 2022. They screened all titles and abstracts for relevance and read full-text articles to identify articles reporting reliable data describing the outcomes of interventions to improve racial and ethnic diversity among trainees.FindingsTwenty-seven articles were included in this review. Two studies reported on fellowship programs. The most common interventions included holistic review (48%), decreased emphasis on United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 scores (48%), and explicit institutional messaging regarding the importance of diversity (37%). A combination of interventions was associated with an increased number of URiM applicants, interviewees, and matriculants across various medical and surgical specialties.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this scoping review, approaches and interventions associated with increased diversity in residency and fellowship programs were identified. Continued efforts are necessary to sustain such efforts and assess long-term outcomes.
The Mega‐Eco‐38 Garden City: Stories of Rewilding and Ecodystopia
Authors: Langenheim Nano , Yu Kongjian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOver the years, the concept of the garden city has been widely misinterpreted. So argue Nano Langenheim, lecturer in Landscape Architecture at the University of Melbourne, and Kongjian Yu, professor and founding dean of the Peking University College of Architecture and Landscape and founder principal designer of Turenscape. They introduce a more refined transdisciplinary approach to the greening and wilding of cities and some of the consequent complex ecological issues that have to be addressed.
The Floating ‘Urban Village’: Makoko Futures
Authors: Nyandega Dan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOur current climate condition means that we need to start developing better tactics, protocols and new building typologies that mitigate water shortages or are resilient to flood situations. Dan Nyandega is a lecturer in Landscape Architecture and Urbanism at Queensland University of Technology (QUT) in Brisbane, Australia. He has a PhD in architecture (water‐sensitive design) from Monash University, Melbourne, and his design‐led research explores the intersection of coastal cities’ infrastructures, landscapes, architecture and rising water levels. He takes as small case studies Makoko on the Lagos Lagoon and Kenzō Tange's Tokyo Bay Project of 1960, but also warns of the potential loss of authenticity and genius loci with such interventions.
Optimization of Lactoferrin‐Derived Amyloid Coating for Enhancing Soft Tissue Seal and Antibacterial Activity of Titanium Implants
Authors: Wang Wan‐rong , Li Jing , Gu Jun‐ting , Hu Bo‐wen , Qin Wen , Zhu Yi‐na , Guo Zhen‐xing , Ma Yu‐Xuan , Tay Franklin , Jiao Kai , Niu Lina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA poor seal of the titanium implant–soft tissue interface provokes bacterial invasion, aggravates inflammation, and ultimately results in implant failure. To ensure the long‐term success of titanium implants, lactoferrin‐derived amyloid is coated on the titanium surface to increase the expression of cell integrins and hemidesmosomes, with the goal of promoting soft tissue seal and imparting antibacterial activity to the implants. The lactoferrin‐derived amyloid coated titanium structures contain a large number of amino and carboxyl groups on their surfaces, and promote proliferation and adhesion of epithelial cells and fibroblasts via the PI3K/AKT pathway. The amyloid coating also has a strong positive charge and possesses potent antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Porphyromonas gingivalis. In a rat immediate implantation model, the amyloid‐coated titanium implants form gingival junctional epithelium at the transmucosal region that resembles the junctional epithelium in natural teeth. This provides a strong soft tissue seal to wall off infection. Taken together, lactoferrin‐derived amyloid is a dual‐function transparent coating that promotes soft tissue seal and possesses antibacterial activity. These unique properties enable the synthesized amyloid to be used as potential biological implant coatings.
Triplet Fusion Upconversion for Photocuring 3D‐Printed Particle‐Reinforced Composite Networks
Authors: Wong Jitkanya , Wei Shixuan , Meir Rinat , Sadaba Naroa , Ballinger Nathan A. , Harmon Elizabeth K. , Gao Xin , Altin‐Yavuzarslan Gokce , Pozzo Lilo D. , Campos Luis M. , Nelson Alshakim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHigh energy photons (λ < 400 nm) are frequently used to initiate free radical polymerizations to form polymer networks, but are only effective for transparent objects. This phenomenon poses a major challenge to additive manufacturing of particle‐reinforced composite networks since deep light penetration of short‐wavelength photons limits the homogeneous modification of physicochemical and mechanical properties. Herein, the unconventional, yet versatile, multiexciton process of triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA‐UC) is employed for curing opaque hydrogel composites created by direct‐ink‐write (DIW) 3D printing. TTA‐UC converts low energy red light (λmax = 660 nm) for deep penetration into higher‐energy blue light to initiate free radical polymerizations within opaque objects. As proof‐of‐principle, hydrogels containing up to 15 wt.% TiO2 filler particles and doped with TTA‐UC chromophores are readily cured with red light, while composites without the chromophores and TiO2 loadings as little as 1–2 wt.% remain uncured. Importantly, this method has wide potential to modify the chemical and mechanical properties of complex DIW 3D‐printed composite polymer networks.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Cyanoalkylation of Ketone Derivatives
Authors: Coffinet Anaïs , Levacher Vincent , Gillaizeau Isabelle , Brière Jean‐François , Oudeyer Sylvain 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough the metal‐based catalyzed cyanomethylation of aldehydes is well‐developed, a similar approach to ketones with acetonitrile derivatives remains a challenge. Thanks to Tolman type complexes, NiII‐complexes with a pyridine(dicarboxamide) pincer ligand, an alternative metal‐catalyzed (1–5 mol% catalyst) cyanomethylation of an array of isatins and activated ketones is reported at room temperature. High isolated yields (up to 99%) were obtained not only with the poorly acidic acetonitrile but also with more challenging substituted alkyl cyanide nucleophiles. The in situ generated putative ion paired catalysts [NiCR2CN]−Cat+ likely benefit from the cation part (Cs+ or n‐Bu4N+) to facilitate their formation and catalytic activity.magnified image
Visible‐Light Photoredox‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Double Difluoromethylation of β,γ‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids for the Synthesis of Difluoromethylated Allylic Compounds
Authors: Yao Zhen , Li Gang , Zhou Ying , Xu Lijin , Xue Dong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe regioselective synthesis of double difluoromethylated allylic products from easily accessible β,γ‐unsaturated carboxylic acids and difluoromethylation reagents under visible‐light photocatalysis is reported. This transformation tolerates various bromodifluoroacetates and fluorinated phosphonates, providing access to various difluoromethylated allylic products in 54–93% yield with 80:20 to 99:1 Z/E, which can not be readily synthesized using the currently known methods. Choosing fac‐[Ir(ppy)3] as the photocatalyst and 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) as the additive is crucial for the success of this transformation.magnified image