bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of operative and nonoperative management of myotendinous Achilles tendon ruptures: a systematic review
Authors: Lameire Darius L. , Ramelli Luca , Halai Mansur , Wasserstein David , Park Sam Si-Hyeong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Achilles tendon ruptures are the most common lower extremity tendinous rupture. While there has been extensive research into the management of mid-substance Achilles tendon ruptures, there is a paucity of literature on the management of myotendinous Achilles tendon ruptures.

Methods
The aim of this systematic review is to compile all available literature on the treatment of myotendinous Achilles tendon tears. A systematic search of Web of Science, Embase, and Medline databases was performed for all studies published from database inception to April 13, 2024. All publications addressing the treatment of myotendinous Achilles ruptures of all levels of evidence were included. The PRISMA Checklist guided the reporting and data abstraction. Descriptive statistics are presented.

Results
A total of five studies with 70 patients were included for analysis. Sixty-seven patients underwent non-operative management with an average age ranging from 40.8 to 51.0 years. Three patients underwent operative management with ages of 16, 36, and 39. The majority of patients tore their Achilles tendon during sports. For nonoperatively treated patients, one group underwent immobilization for a total of 6 weeks and one study treated patients with functional rehabilitation. All patients were able to perform a single heel-raise, had good reported strength, and returned to work or sport. Nonoperative patients reported statistically significant improvements in subjective outcomes and high rates of satisfaction.

Conclusion
Both nonoperative and operative management of myotendinous Achilles tendon ruptures demonstrated good outcomes after injury, although there is a limited amount of literature on this topic. Given that nonoperative treatment appears to yield good strength and return to activity, it may be preferred for the majority of patients. Operative management may be indicated in high level athletes. Imaging to determine the exact location of injury, quality of remaining tendon, and gap distance may further aid when considering treatment options. Higher level evidence studies are required to determine the optimal treatment of myotendinous Achilles tendon ruptures.

Level of evidence
IV; Systematic review of Level IV-V studies.
Antibiofilm effect of Nano chitosan and calcium hydroxide intracanal medications and their effects on the microhardness and chemical structure of radicular dentine
Authors: Nasr Maha , Abdou Ahmed , Bassiouny Dina M. , Hassan Reham 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Disinfection of the root canal system is a challenge to all clinicians, calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2, one of the most popular intracanal medications used for this purpose, has some unwanted effects on dentine. This study aimed to investigate the antibiofilm effect of Nanochitosan (CSNPs) and Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 intra canal medications and their effect on the microhardness and chemical structure of radicular dentine.

Methodology
A total of 52 extracted human mandibular premolars were used. Eighteen premolars were instrumented, sterilized, and inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis (
E. faecalis) then divided randomly into 2 groups based on the intracanal medication used: group (A) 2% CSNPs gel and group (B) Ca(OH)2 paste. Antibiofilm effect was evaluated using bacterial counts. For the effect on microhardness, 56 specimens were subjected to Vicker’s microhardness test before and after 1 week, and 4 weeks of medication application. Twelve cervical radicular dentine specimens (6 samples per group) were examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope.

Results
Both groups showed a significant reduction in the bacterial count at (p = 0.008) with no significant difference between them (P = 0.605). Ca(OH)2 showed the highest reduction in the microhardness compared to CSNPs groups after 1 week (P = 0.0495) and after 4 weeks (P = 0.0495). FTIR spectrum results revealed that the control group (no treatment) showed the highest significant Phosphate: amide ratio compared to both CSNPs and Ca(OH)2 at p = 0.006. SEM images revealed absence of discernible smear layer in CSNPs treated samples after 4 weeks and all the dentinal tubules were open.

Conclusions
Nanochitosan gel could be considered as a viable option as an intra canal medication.
Perceptions and barriers to the use and training of point-of-care ultrasound among Finnish emergency physicians – a nationwide survey
Authors: Järvinen J. , Hannula O. , Meuronen A. , Mattila K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) has become integral to emergency medicine (EM) as a critical diagnostic support tool. In Finland, where EM was formally recognised as a specialty as recently as in 2013, a historical lack of systematic training for POCUS has existed. Such training has largely depended on individual initiative rather than a standardised program while many other areas of EM training have already seen the introduction of structured education. The aim of this study is to identify key factors and barriers influencing POCUS training, with the goal of improving its quality and delivery.

Methods
A nationwide survey was conducted among emergency physicians, trainees, and specialists across Finnish emergency departments from late 2020 to early 2021. The survey included detailed questions on POCUS training, perceived barriers to training, experiences of the successful initiation of more structured approaches, as well as attitudes towards the integration of POCUS into clinical practice. Statistical methods for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data were used.

Results
A total of 134 emergency physicians completed the survey, revealing a strong consensus among participants for several training needs. Key barriers identified include inadequate training, limited supervision, device availability, and time allocation. Notably, out of all open-ended questions, 96.5% of respondents called for the initiation of structured training programs that accommodate both foundational and advanced practitioner needs. Furthermore, hands-on training and senior support were highly valued.

Conclusions
The results highlight a need for reform in POCUS training in Finland, demonstrating a need for structured, competency-based educational frameworks that align with international standards. Improvements on training infrastructure, including enhanced mentorship and increased access to ultrasound equipment, are essential enablers of such a reform.

Clinical trial registration
Not applicable.
Targeting enolase 1 reverses bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma through YWHAZ/Parkin axis
Authors: Gao Xuejie , Feng Qilin , Zhang Qikai , Zhang Yifei , Hu Chaolu , Zhang Li , Zhang Hui , Wang Guanli , Hu Ke , Ma Mengmeng , Wang Zhuning , Liu Yujie , An Dong , Yi Hongfei , Peng Yu , Wu Xiaosong , Chen Gege , Jia Xinyan , Cai Haiyan , Shi Jumei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Enolase 1 (ENO1) is a conserved glycolytic enzyme that regulates glycolysis metabolism. However, its role beyond glycolysis in the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma (MM) remains largely elusive. Herein, this study aimed to elucidate the function of ENO1 in MM, particularly its impact on mitophagy under bortezomib-induced apoptosis.

Methods
The bone marrow of clinical MM patients and healthy normal donors was used to compare the expression level of ENO1. Using online databases, we conducted an analysis to examine the correlation between ENO1 expression and both clinicopathological characteristics and patient outcomes. To investigate the biological functions of ENO1 in MM and the underlying molecular mechanisms involved, we conducted the following experiment: construction of a subcutaneous graft tumor model, co-immunoprecipitation, western blot, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and cell functional assays.

Results
ENO1 was identified as an unfavorable prognostic factor in MM. ENO1 knockdown suppresses tumorigenicity and causes cell cycle arrest. Inhibition of ENO1-regulated mitophagy sensitizes tumor cells to apoptosis. ENO1 enhanced the stability of the YWHAZ protein by increasing the acetylation of lysine in YWHAZ while antagonizing its ubiquitination, which in turn promoted mitophagy. HDAC6 mediates the deacetylation of YWHAZ by deacetylating the K138 site of YWHAZ. Inhibition of HDAC6 increased YWHAZ acetylation and decreased YWHAZ ubiquitination. Furthermore, combination treatment with bortezomib and pharmaceutical agents targeting ENO1 has synergistic anti-MM effects both in vivo and in vitro.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that ENO1 promotes MM tumorigenesis and progression. ENO1 activates mitophagy by promoting the stability of YWHAZ and inhibits apoptosis and thus, leads to the drug resistance. ENO1-dependent mitophagy promotes MM proliferation and suppresses the level of bortezomib-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of ENO1 may represent a potential strategy to reverse the resistance of MM to bortezomib.
Addressing unmet mental health needs of older adults in Turbo, Colombia: a multi-component psychosocial intervention feasibility study
Authors: Giebel Clarissa , Montoya Erika , Saldarriaga Gabriel , Caprioli Thais , Gabbay Mark , Martinez Danicza , Rua Jessica , Zuluaga Maria Isabel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Older adults have lived through extreme and stressful live events in Colombia, including during the armed conflict. Without adequate mental health resources in place, the aim of this study was to feasibility test a co-produced community-integrated intervention for older adults to improve their mental health and well-being in Turbo, Colombia.

Methods
Based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based mental health interventions for older adults in LMICs, qualitative interviews with older adults and local stakeholders, as well as a mental health needs assessment survey of the local older adult population in Turbo, Colombia, we consulted older adults in the region to co-produce a community-based intervention. The co-produced intervention ran for three months in 2023, with two sessions provided per week in a community centre (26 sessions in total). The multi-component intervention included social engagement, educational interventions, physical activities, and peer support. Older adults were recruited from the local community. Twelve participants were interviewed about their experiences of the intervention and its feasibility.

Results
Eighteen older adults participated in the intervention, with 13 completing the 12 weeks. Attendance rate was high, with 10 participants attending between 90 to 100% of all 26 sessions. Qualitative interviews with 12 participants showed that participants valued the intervention and the activities it offered, that the intervention was feasible, and expressed a keen interest for the intervention to be continued.

Conclusions
This co-produced and evidence-based intervention for older victims of ‘La Violencia’ in Colombia has the potential to provide affordable, acceptable and relevant community-based resources supporting mental health and wellbeing within the community; providing care and support with trained facilitation. Normally, this group would not be able to access services to address their social and psychological isolation and distress. In light of limited mental health support across LMICs, this intervention could provide mental health for older adults in other communities in Colombia and elsewhere developed through co-production, cultural adaptation, subject to further evaluation.
Evaluation of host immune responses to Mycobacteriophage Fionnbharth by route of delivery
Authors: Smytheman Thomas , Pecor Tiffany , Miller Dana E. , Ferede Debora , Kaur Suhavi , Harband Matthew H. , Abdelaal Hazem F. M. , Guerrero-Bustamante Carlos A. , Freeman Krista G. , Harrington Whitney E. , Frenkel Lisa M. , Hatfull Graham F. , Coler Rhea N. , Larsen Sasha E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
For much of the last decade, tuberculosis (TB) was the leading cause of mortality due to an infectious pathogen (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M.tb). Approximately 1.3 million deaths in 2023 worldwide were attributed to TB disease. Focused intervention strategies to block transmission would significantly reduce the global health burden of TB. Mycobacteriophages (phages) are a sorely underutilized biologic therapy for the pathogen M.tb, and here we aimed to address outstanding questions about their utility for clinical applications. We aimed to determine the impact of repeated mucosal or intravenous (IV) delivery of representative anti-M.tb phage FionnbharthΔ45Δ47 (Fionnbharth) in a preclinical mouse model. In addition, we specifically sought to understand which route induced anti-phage antibodies, which may reduce the long-term impact of phage therapy. C57BL/6 mice were dosed weekly for 6 weeks by either route and serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) were evaluated for anti-phage humoral responses by ELISA. We found that aerosol delivery disperses phage across all lung lobes where M.tb is also found after experimental infection by the same route. Repeated aerosol delivery was well tolerated and did not induce robust neutralizing humoral immunity. In contrast, Mice receiving IV phage developed increasing magnitude and neutralizing total IgG and IgA responses over time. To determine whether pre-treatment environmental exposure to Fionnbharth-like phages could induce antibody responses that are potentially neutralizing, ~ 500 human plasma samples from normal donors were evaluated by ELISA. We observed that 5% of samples had antibodies to Fionnbharth (with end point titers > 10− 3 dilution), although none were neutralizing. Furthermore, we found that highly-purified phage preparations did not activate mouse or human derived toll like receptor (TLR) 4 or TLR9 in HEKblue reporter assays. These data together support using Fionnbharth in anti-M.tb therapy phage cocktail strategies and that aerosol delivery should be prioritized for further efficacy testing.
Electrocoagulation-free strategy in minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass with hybrid revascularisation – a case report
Authors: Schuering Carla L. , Wert Leonhard , von Mackensen Johanna K. R. , Zwaans Vanessa I. T. , Kaemmel Julius , Heck Roland , Starck Christoph T. , Kempfert Jörg , Jacobs Stephan , Falk Volkmar , Al Alaa Abd El 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Hybrid coronary revascularisation benefits patients with multivessel disease, as it amalgamates the minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) procedure and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Case summary
We present a 63-year-old female with triple-vessel coronary artery disease including marked ostial stenosis of the left main coronary artery, as well as moderate stenosis of the right coronary artery. The risk of death following heart surgery (EuroSCORE II) is 4.27%. The patient exhibited multiple morbidities including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal impairment, extracardiac arteriopathy, and multiple prior gastrointestinal surgeries, as well as a recent episode of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. A MIDCAB procedure without electrocoagulation was stipulated by the ENT specialist due to the patient’s cochlear implant.

Conclusion
A successful MIDCAB procedure omitting electrocoagulation was performed for the first time for multivessel coronary disease in a multimorbid patient as part of a hybrid approach.
Exploring the adoption of diaphragm and lung ultrasound (DLUS) by physiotherapists, physical therapists, and respiratory therapists: an updated scoping review
Authors: Hayward Simon , Cardinael Camella , Tait Chloe , Reid Michael , McCarthy Andrew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The adoption of diaphragm and lung ultrasound (DLUS) by physiotherapists, physical therapists, and respiratory therapists (“therapists”) to examine and assess the diaphragm and lungs continues to grow. The aim of this updated scoping review is to re-explore and re-collate the evidence around the adoption of DLUS by therapists.

Methods
This scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Data sources searched included AMED, EmCare, CINAHL, Embase, Medline, PubMed and Pedro. Grey literature sources were searched alongside communication with leading authors in the field. The Participants, Concept and Context (PCC) approach was employed to formulate the research question. A charting form was developed and piloted to extract: title, authors, year of publication, country of origin, professional group involved (population), lung or diaphragm ultrasound (concept), evaluation method, educational, clinical or research setting (context), subject/disease/patient group, sample size, study design and professional group performing DLUS.

Results
133 studies met all inclusion criteria, an increase of 107 new studies compared to the original scoping review searches 7-years ago. Studies were included from 17 new countries and included 17 new participant populations. Lung ultrasound saw the largest increase in study number with education and implementation emerging as a new area of investigation. Full list of included studies is provided in Supplementary File 1.

Conclusion
The number of DLUS studies involving therapists continues to show international growth with studies investigating an increasing range of participant populations. Published studies now include research on DLUS adoption, implementation, and utility amongst all three of the therapy professions who use DLUS. The potential of DLUS and its direct impact on patient outcomes still needs to be explored further. However, DLUS remains a novel and innovative imaging technique in the hands of physiotherapists, physical therapists, and respiratory therapists as its utility continues to grow in various research, clinical and educational settings.
Cinnamaldehyde impacts key cellular signaling pathways for induction of programmed cell death in high-grade and low-grade human glioma cells
Authors: Kim Yoo Na , Patil Ketki , Pai S. Balakrishna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Primary tumors of the brain and a large percent of malignant brain tumors are gliomas. Gliomas comprise high-grade gliomas like glioblastoma multiforme (GBMs), many of which have mutation in the tumor suppressor p53 gene and low-grade gliomas (LGGs). LGGs can progress to GBMs due to various factors. The available treatment options for GBMs and LGGs include surgical resection, radiation and chemotherapy. The chemotherapeutic drug available in the clinic is temozolomide (TMZ). However, TMZ can cause damage to DNA if taken for prolonged period. This warrants the discovery of drugs that would potentially elicit less adverse side effects while maintaining anticancer activity. To this end, we evaluated the impact of cinnamaldehyde (CA), a single, purified component of the natural product cinnamon.

Results
The elucidation of the mechanism of action revealed the impact of CA on reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Moreover, its effect on the extrinsic programmed cell death pathway resulted in the increase of apoptotic cell populations, invoking multicaspase. Notably, the cell survival/death pivotal molecule Bcl-2 was impacted. These effects were observed in both the types of brain tumor cells studied: GBMs, represented by U251 cells (p53 mutated cell line) and LGGs represented by H4 cells. Results from the current study suggest potential for CA as a therapeutic option as it is expected to have fewer adverse side effects due to it being a component of a natural product and possibly deter the progression of LGGs to GBMs.
Sex differences in cognition, anxiety-phenotype and therapeutic effect of metformin in the aged apoE-TR mice
Authors: Lin Yingbin , Luo Xinqun , Wang Fangyu , Cai Huange , Lin Yuanxiang , Kang Dezhi , Fang Wenhua 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), depression, and anxiety, which were reported to improve after the administration of metformin. However, sex influence on the effect of ApoE4 and metformin on cognition and mental health is poorly understood.

Methods
ApoE3-TR and apoE4-TR mice of both sexes were randomly assigned to the normal saline and metformin groups from 13 months to 18 months of age. Behavior tests (MWM, EPM, OFT, TST, FST) were conducted to assess cognition, anxiety, and depression-like behaviors. The mice’s blood glucose was also recorded.

Results
Male aged apoE4-TR mice are more vulnerable to cognitive decline than females. Metformin improves the spatial memory of female, but not male apoE3-TR mice and female apoE4-TR mice while aggravating the cognitive impairment of male apoE4-TR mice. The anxiety-like phenotypes in male apoE4-TR mice are more severe than in male apoE3-TR mice, while metformin ameliorates the anxiety-like behaviors in the male apoE4-TR mice but not in male apoE3-TR mice. In addition, metformin alleviates depression-like behaviors in male and female apoE4-TR mice. The hypoglycemic effect of metformin is insignificant in both male and female apoE4-TR mice.

Conclusions
Male sex exacerbates APOE4-related cognitive impairment and anxiety in aged mice and is insensitive to the cognition improvement effect of metformin in the aged apoE3 mice. Male sex with APOE4 may experience more severe cognitive impairment after treatment with metformin while sensitive to the anti-anxiety effects of metformin. These findings identify sex-specific effects on ApoE4-based dementia, anxiety prevention, and therapy, emphasizing the importance of further sex dimension analyses in vivo and clinical studies.