bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CuI Encapsulated within Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks with High Current Carrying Capacity and Excellent Conductivity
Authors: Zhang Rong , Wang Xiujun , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Wendi , Lai Junqi , Zhu Siqi , Li Yunfei , Zhang Yong , Cao Kecheng , Qiu Song , Chen Qi , Kang Lixing , Li Qingwen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHigh current carrying capacity and high conductivity are two important indicators for materials used in microscale electronics and inverters. However, it is challenging to obtain high conductivity and high current carrying capacity at the same time since high conductivity requires a weakly bonded system to provide free electrons, while high current carrying capacity requires a strongly bonded system. In this paper, CuI@SWCNT networks by filling the single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with CuI is ingeniously prepared. CuI@SWCNT shows good stability due to the confinement protection of SWCNTs. Through the host‐guest hybridization, CuI@SWCNT networks exhibit a current carrying capacity of 2.04 × 107 A cm−2 and a conductivity of 31.67 kS m−1. Their current carrying capacity and conductivity are significantly improved compared with SWCNT. The Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements show a drop of surface potential energy after SWCNT filled with CuI, indicating that the CuI guest molecules regulate the position of the Fermi level of SWCNTs, increasing carrier concentration, achieving high conductivity and high current carrying capacity. This study offers ideas and solutions for the regulation of high‐performance carbon tube networks, which hold great promise for future applications in carbon‐based electronic devices.
Field‐Induced Multiscale Polarization Configuration Transitions of Mesentropic Lead‐Free Piezoceramics Achieving Giant Energy Harvesting Performance
Authors: Lin Jinfeng , Ge Guanglong , Li Jiangfan , Qian Jin , Zhu Kun , Wei Yongqi , Shi Cheng , Li Guihui , Yan Fei , Li Wenxu , Zhang Jialiang , Zhai Jiwei , Wu Haijun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe development of high‐performance (K,Na)NbO3 (KNN)‐based lead‐free piezoceramics for next‐generation electronic devices is crucial for achieving environmentally sustainable society. However, despite recent improvements in piezoelectric coefficients, correlating their properties to underlying multiscale structures remains a key issue for high‐performance KNN‐based ceramics with complex phase boundaries. Here, this study proposes a medium‐entropy strategy to design “local polymorphic distortion” in conjunction with the construction of uniformly oversize grains in the newly developed KNN solid‐solution, resulting in a novel large‐size hierarchical domain architecture (≈0.7 µm wide). Such a structure not only facilitates polarization rotation but also ensures a large residual polarization, which significantly improves the piezoelectricity (≈3.2 times) and obtains a giant energy harvesting performance (Wout = 2.44 mW, PD = 35.32 µW mm−3, outperforming most lead‐free piezoceramics). This study confirms the coexistence of multiphase through the atomic‐resolution polarization features and analyzes the domain/phase transition mechanisms using in situ electric field structural characterizations, revealing that the electric field induces highly effective multiscale polarization configuration transitions based on T–O–R sequential phase transitions. This study demonstrates a new strategy for designing high‐performance piezoceramics and facilitates the development of lead‐free piezoceramic materials in energy harvesting applications.
Oral Delivery of Transformable Bilirubin Self‐Assembled System for Targeted Therapy of Colitis
Authors: Chen Zhejie , Chen Yi , Hao Wei , Shui Mingju , Zhang Jinming , Zhou Hefeng , Zhang Chen , Wang Yitao , Wang Shengpeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is a high incidence disease worldwide and clinically presents as relapsing and incurable inflammation of the colon. Bilirubin (BR), a natural antioxidant with significant anti‐colitic effects, is utilized in preclinical studies as an intestinal disease therapy. Due to their water‐insolubility, the design of BR‐based agents usually involves complicated chemosynthetic processes, introducing various uncertainties in BR development. After screening numerous materials, it is identified that chondroitin sulfate can efficiently mediate the construction of BR self‐assembled nanomedicine (BSNM) via intermolecular hydrogen bonds between dense sulfate and carboxyl of chondroitin sulfate and imino groups of BR. BSNM exhibits pH sensitivity and reactive oxygen species responsiveness, enabling targeted delivery to the colon. After oral administration, BSNM significantly inhibits colonic fibrosis and apoptosis of colon and goblet cells; it also reduces the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, BSNM maintains the normal level of zonula occludens‐1 and occludin to sustain the integrity of intestinal barrier, regulates the macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 type, and promotes the ecological recovery of intestinal flora. Collectively, the work provides a colon‐targeted and transformable BSNM that is simple to prepare and is useful as an efficient targeted UC therapy.
Photo‐Induced Electron Transfer‐Triggered Structure Deformation Promoting Near‐Infrared Photothermal Conversion for Tumor Therapy
Authors: Pan Jingwei , Du Jianjun , Hu Qiao , Liu Yuan , Zhang Xiaoxue , Li Xin , Zhou Danhong , Yao Qichao , Long Saran , Fan Jiangli , Peng Xiaojun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPhotothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising approach to cancer treatment. Heptamethine cyanine (Cy7) is an attractive photothermal reagent because of its large molar absorption coefficient, good biocompatibility, and absorption of near‐infrared irradiation. However, the photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of Cy7 is limited without ingenious excitation‐state regulation. In this study, the photothermal conversion ability of Cy7 is efficiently enhanced based on photo‐induced electron transfer (PET)‐triggered structural deformation. Three Cy7 derivatives, whose Cl is replaced by carbazole, phenoxazine, and phenothiazine at the meso‐position (CZ‐Cy7, PXZ‐Cy7, and PTZ‐Cy7), are presented as examples to demonstrate the regulation of the energy release of the excited states. Because the phenothiazine moiety exhibits an obvious PET‐induced structural deformation in the excited state, which quenches the fluorescence and inhibits intersystem crossing of S1→T1, PTZ‐Cy7 exhibits a PCE as high as 77.5%. As a control, only PET occurs in PXZ‐Cy7, with a PCE of 43.5%. Furthermore, the PCE of CZ‐Cy7 is only 13.0% because there is no PET process. Interestingly, PTZ‐Cy7 self‐assembles into homogeneous nanoparticles exhibiting passive tumor‐targeting properties. This study provides a new strategy for excited‐state regulation for photoacoustic imaging‐guided PTT with high efficiency.
Imaging Field‐Driven Melting of a Molecular Solid at the Atomic Scale
Authors: Liou Franklin , Tsai Hsin‐Zon , Goodwin Zachary A. H. , Aikawa Andrew S. , Ha Ethan , Hu Michael , Yang Yiming , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Zettl Alex , Lischner Johannes , Crommie Michael F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSolid–liquid phase transitions are basic physical processes, but atomically resolved microscopy has yet to capture their full dynamics. A new technique is developed for controlling the melting and freezing of self‐assembled molecular structures on a graphene field‐effect transistor (FET) that allows phase‐transition behavior to be imaged using atomically resolved scanning tunneling microscopy. This is achieved by applying electric fields to 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane‐decorated FETs to induce reversible transitions between molecular solid and liquid phases at the FET surface. Nonequilibrium melting dynamics are visualized by rapidly heating the graphene substrate with an electrical current and imaging the resulting evolution toward new 2D equilibrium states. An analytical model is developed that explains observed mixed‐state phases based on spectroscopic measurement of solid and liquid molecular energy levels. The observed nonequilibrium melting dynamics are consistent with Monte Carlo simulations.
Molecular Structure and Conformational Design of Donor‐Acceptor Conjugated Polymers to Enable Predictable Optoelectronic Property
Authors: Cao Zhiqiang , Tolba Sara A. , Li Zhaofan , Mason Gage T. , Wang Yang , Do Changwoo , Rondeau‐Gagné Simon , Xia Wenjie , Gu Xiaodan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTuning the optoelectronic properties of donor‐acceptor conjugated polymers (D‐A CPs) is of great importance in designing various organic optoelectronic devices. However, there remains a critical challenge in precise control of bandgap through synthetic approach, since the chain conformation also affects molecular orbital energy levels. Here, D‐A CPs with different acceptor units are explored that show an opposite trend in energy band gaps with the increasing length of oligothiophene donor units. By investigating their chain conformation and molecular orbital energy, it is found that the molecular orbital energy alignment between donor and acceptor units plays a crucial role in dictating the final optical bandgap of D‐A CPs. For polymers with staggered orbital energy alignment, the higher HOMO with increasing oligothiophene length leads to a narrowing of the optical bandgap despite decreased chain rigidity. On the other hand, for polymers with sandwiched orbital energy alignment, the increased band gap with increasing oligothiophene length originates from the reduction of bandwidth due to more localized charge density distribution. Thus, this work provides a molecular understanding of the role of backbone building blocks on the chain conformation and bandgaps of D‐A CPs for organic optoelectronic devices through the conformation design and segment orbital energy alignment.
Isolate Utilization of Plasmonic Hot Holes in Optoelectronic Enhancement for Copper Iodide (CuI): A Cross‐Investigation by Confocal Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy
Authors: Chen Liang , Mao Sui , Shen Zhao , Zhang Quanzhen , Zhang Can , Wang Pu , Belfiore Laurence A. , Tang Jianguo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNonradiative decays of surface plasmon (SP) can generate photocarriers in femtosecond, and it therefore has been attracting widespread research attention in ultrafast optoelectronics. Taking advantage of the probe technique, Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) can characterize the spatial distribution of hot carriers in nanoscale and thereby provide necessary analysis for device investigation and engineering. In this work, the behavior of plasmonic hot holes is demonstrated for Ag nanoparticles (NPs) based on the fabrication of CuI hole transport layers. The morphological, optical, and electronic properties of Ag NPs and CuI films are systematically investigated. With the confocal lasers of over‐ and sub‐bandgap wavelength, reversed evolution trends of surface potentials are observed by KPFM, indicating the effective injection of hot holes into CuI valence band (VB). Cross‐verification is also performed based on the fabrication of metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) photodetectors, and the photoelectrical tests highly dovetail with the surface potential evolution. This research provides an important reference for the plasmonic photoelectronics in both device design and research methods.
Hysteresis and Photoconductivity of Few‐Layer ReSe2 Field Effect Transistors Enhanced by Air Pressure
Authors: Intonti Kimberly , Faella Enver , Viscardi Loredana , Kumar Arun , Durante Ofelia , Giubileo Filippo , Passacantando Maurizio , Lam Hoi Tung , Anastasiou Konstantinos , Craciun Monica F. , Russo Saverio , Di Bartolomeo Antonio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study reports the optoelectronic characterization of few‐layer ReSe2field effect transistors at different pressures. The output curves reveal dominant n‐type behavior and a low Schottky barrier at the metal contacts. The transfer curves show a significant hysteresis that can be exploited in memory devices with an order ofmagnitude memory window and good cycling. The devices are dramatically affected by air pressure; their conductance and mobility increase with the lowering pressure that desorbs electronegative air molecules from the surface of the material. The photoresponse under white super‐continuum laser illumination reveals that the device exhibits positive photoconductivity (PPC) at ambient and low (≈1 mbar) pressure and negative photoconductivity (NPC) in a higher vacuum (≈10−4 mbar). The transition from PPC to NPC can be explained by considering that the photoresponse is affected by molecule desorption, which yields PPC at higher pressure, and defect trapping of photogenerated carriers, which can dominate at lower pressures. The transient behavior of the device exposed to laser pulses shows a faster response and a higher photodetection efficiency at ambient pressure, with the highest signal‐to‐noise ratio at the valley of the transfer curve between p‐ and n‐type conduction.
The Effect of Direct Electron Beam Patterning on the Water Uptake and Ionic Conductivity of Nafion Thin Films
Authors: Nguyen Ky V. , Gluschke Jan G. , Mostert A. Bernardus , Nelson Andrew , Burwell Gregory , Lyttleton Roman W. , Cavaye Hamish , Welbourn Rebecca J.L. , Seidl Jakob , Lagier Maxime , Miranda Marta Sanchez , McGettrick James D. , Watson Trystan , Meredith Paul , Micolich Adam P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe effect of electron‐beam patterning on the water uptake and ionic conductivity of Nafion films using a combination of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, quartz crystal microbalance studies, neutron reflectometry, and impedance spectroscopy is reported. The aim is to further characterize the nanoscale patterned Nafion structures recently used as a key element in novel ion‐to‐electron transducers by Gluschke et al. To enable this, the electron beam patterning process is developed for large areas, achieving patterning speeds approaching 1 cm2 h−1, and patterned areas as large as 7 cm2 for the neutron reflectometry studies. It is ultimately shown that electron‐beam patterning affects both the water uptake and the ionic conductivity, depending on film thickness. Type‐II adsorption isotherm behavior is seen for all films. For thick films (≈230 nm), a strong reduction in water uptake with electron‐beam patterning is found. In contrast, for thin films (≈30 nm), electron‐beam patterning enhances water uptake. Notably, for either thickness, the reduction in ionic conductivity arising from electron‐beam patterning is kept to less than an order of magnitude. Mechanisms are proposed for the observed behavior based on the known complex morphology of Nafion films to motivate future studies of electron‐beam processed Nafion.
Selenium‐Substitution Asymmetric Acceptor Enables Efficient Binary Organic Solar Cells over 18.3% via Regulating Molecular Stacking and Phase Separation
Authors: Shi Jingyu , Chen Zhenyu , Liu Hui , Qiu Yi , Yang Shuncheng , Song Wei , Ge Ziyi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSubstantial efforts of A–DA′D–A type non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) molecular design have impelled power conversion efficiency (PCE) of single junction organic solar cells (OSCs) to exceed 19%. Asymmetric geometry strategy, selenium‐substitution, and end‐group engineering are proven to be effective modification methods. Here, two novel selenium substitution asymmetric NFAs, AsymSSe‐2F, and AsymSSe‐2Cl, are synthesized to investigate the synergistic modification effects on device performance compared with symmetric Y6. When blending AsymSSe‐2F with the wide‐bandgap and high crystallinity polymer D18, a remarkable PCE of 18.31% is yielded, and an excellent fill factor of 79.46% is achieved, which is attributed to the broadened absorption, enhanced π–π stacking, balanced carrier mobilities, and fine phase‐separation morphology. Notably, among the reported selenium‐substituted asymmetric NFAs based OSCs, especially combined with the seldom‐reported D18, this PCE is top‐ranked in binary bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. This work indicates that the combined modification of asymmetric geometry and selenium substitution in NFAs is a promising strategy for fabricating high performance OSCs.
NPM1‐mutated acute myeloid leukemia: New pathogenetic and therapeutic insights and open questions
Authors: Falini Brunangelo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe nucleophosmin (NPM1) gene encodes for a multifunctional chaperone protein that is localized in the nucleolus but continuously shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm. NPM1 mutations occur in about one‐third of AML, are AML‐specific, usually involve exon 12 and are frequently associated with FLT3‐ITD, DNMT3A, TET2, and IDH1/2 mutations. Because of its unique molecular and clinico‐pathological features, NPM1‐mutated AML is regarded as a distinct leukemia entity in both the International Consensus Classification (ICC) and the 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms. All NPM1 mutations generate leukemic mutants that are aberrantly exported in the cytoplasm of the leukemic cells and are relevant to the pathogenesis of the disease. Here, we focus on recently identified functions of the NPM1 mutant at chromatin level and its relevance in driving HOX/MEIS gene expression. We also discuss yet controversial issues of the ICC/WHO classifications, including the biological and clinical significance of therapy‐related NPM1‐mutated AML and the relevance of blasts percentage in defining NPM1‐mutated AML. Finally, we address the impact of new targeted therapies in NPM1‐mutated AML with focus on CAR T cells directed against NPM1/HLA neoepitopes, as well as XPO1 and menin inhibitors.
Racial and ethnic disparities in the presentation size and timing of pituitary adenomas resected via endoscopic endonasal approach
Authors: Pang Jonathan C. , Nguyen Theodore V. , Dilley Katelyn K. , Mundo Zena D. Del , Abiri Arash , Hsu Frank P. K. , Kuan Edward C. 
Published: June 2023

Key points
In a single‐center cohort of pituitary adenoma patients, non‐White race independently predicted larger tumor size at initial presentation.
Uninsured patients suffered a significantly higher rate of pituitary apoplexy at initial presentation.
Geographically distant care appeared to present a greater barrier for non‐White and Hispanic patients relative to their White and non‐Hispanic counterparts.
Combination of Shengmai San and Radix puerariae ameliorates depression‐like symptoms in diabetic rats at the nexus of PI3K/BDNF/SYN protein expression
Authors: Ahmed Ayaz , Zeng Guirong , Azhar Mudassar , Wang Fengzhong , Wang Jingru , Fan Bei , Liu Xinmin , Jiang Dejiang , Wang Qiong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundHyperglycemia is a characteristic feature of diabetes that often results in neuropsychological complications such as depression. Diabetic individuals are more vulnerable to experience depression compared to the normal population. Thus, novel treatment approaches are required to reduce depressive symptoms among diabetic individuals. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) such as Shengmai San (SMS) and Radix puerariae (R) are usually widely used to treat ailments such as neurological complications since ancient time.MethodsIn this study, SMS was combined with R to prepare an R‐SMS formulation and screened for their antidepressant activity in diabetic rats. The antidepressant potential of the prepared combination was evaluated behaviorally using open field test, novelty‐induced hypophagia, and forced swim test in diabetic rats with biochemical and protein expression (PI3K, BDNF [brain‐derived neurotrophic factor], and SYN [presynaptic vesicle protein]) analysis.ResultsDiabetic rats (streptozotocin, 45 mg/kg) showed elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) >12 mM with depressive symptoms throughout the study. Treatment with R‐SMS (0.5, 1.5, and 4.5 g/kg) significantly reverted depressive symptoms in diabetic rats as evinced by significantly (p < 0.05) reduced immobility time with an increased tendency to eat food in a novel environment. Treatment with R‐SMS also significantly increased the protein expression of PI3K, BDNF, and SYN protein, which play a crucial role in depression.ConclusionThis study showed that R‐SMS formulation antagonized depressive symptoms in diabetic rats; thus, this formulation might be studied further to develop as an antidepressant.
Asymmetric Catalytic Ring‐Expansion of 3‐Methyleneazetidines with α‐Diazo Pyrazoamides towards Proline‐Derivatives
Authors: Wang Kaixuan , Yang Longqing , Li Yi , Li Hongye , Liu Zhili , Ning Lichao , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe realized a highly efficient formal [1,2]‐sigmatropic rearrangement of ammonium ylides generated from 3‐methylene‐azetidines and α‐diazo pyrazoamides. The employ of readily available chiral cobalt(II) complex of chiral N,N′‐dioxide enabled the ring‐expansion of azetidines, affording a variety of quaternary prolineamide derivatives with excellent yield (up to 99 %) and enantioselectivity (up to 99 % ee) under mild reaction condition. For the rearrangement of ammonium ylides, the installation of a pyrazoamide group as a masked brick to build chiral scaffolds proved successful. The enantioselective ring expansion process was elucidated by DFT calculations.
N‐Doped Nonalternant Nanoribbons with Excellent Nonlinear Optical Performance
Authors: Song Ying , Sun Jibin , He Xi , Liao Miaoli , Zhao Jie , Zeng Weixuan , Zhou Shuyun , Chen Huajie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTwo novel N‐doped nonalternant nanoribbons (NNNR‐1 and NNNR‐2) featuring multiple fused N‐heterocycles and bulky solubilizing groups were prepared via bottom‐up solution synthesis. NNNR‐2 achieves a total molecular length of 33.8 Å, which represents the longest soluble N‐doped nonalternant nanoribbon reported to date. The pentagon subunits and doping of N atoms in NNNR‐1 and NNNR‐2 have successfully regulated their electronic properties, achieving high electron affinity and good chemical stability enabled by the nonalternant conjugation and electronic effects. When applied a laser pulse of 532 nm, the 13‐rings nanoribbon NNNR‐2 shows outstanding nonlinear optical (NLO) responses, with the nonlinear extinction coefficient of 374 cm GW−1, much higher than those of NNNR‐1 (96 cm GW−1) and the well‐known NLO material C60 (153 cm GW−1). Our findings indicate that the N‐doping of nonalternant nanoribbons is an effective strategy to access another type of excellent material system for high‐performance NLO applications, which can be extended to construct numerous heteroatom‐doped nonalternant nanoribbons with fine‐tunable electronic properties.