bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On or about 1932
Authors: Collins Sarah 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter investigates themes of mechanization that appeared in negative constructions of the middlebrow in interwar Britain, focusing on debates about literature, music, and public broadcasting. These themes drew from an established rhetoric surrounding technological encroachments into the sphere of art, yet this chapter argues that they also reflected a broader skepticism toward forms of centralized governance. The characterization of the middlebrow as mechanized drew these concerns together and allowed critics to locate meaning and value in processes that went against the grain of standardization. This led some modernist critics to idealize amateur participation. By focusing on this set of themes, the chapter argues that the rhetoric surrounding the middlebrow was not simply a culture war staged by a compromised intellectual elite against the forces of cultural democratization but rather a much broader collection of anxieties about processes of centralization that implicated both the structure and the technologies of public service.
Music and the Good Life in Postwar Britain
Authors: Wiebe Heather 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Australian pianist Eileen Joyce was one of the biggest musical celebrities in Britain in the 1940s and 1950s, thanks in part to her work in films including Brief Encounter and The Seventh Veil. At the same time, her popularity generated anxiety among critics, who associated her with a stultification of orchestral culture. Joyce casts light on a more commercial side of middlebrow endeavors, and onto a postwar British effort to build a mass audience for art music by bringing the concert hall closer to the world of film and popular entertainment. She also shows how a concert culture directly aimed at social mobility and mass appeal was discounted by critics, who saw in its appeal to pleasure—as well as work—a threat to the health of music itself.
Bread and Champagne
Authors: Kupfer Peter 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
During the 1930s, a series of musical comedy films were made in the Soviet Union in which serious and popular musical styles and musicians are at first contrasted and then reconciled in an effort, the author suggests, to offer a particular vision of how music could function in the attainment of kul’turnost’, the new middle-class value of being cultured, educated, and civilized. This resonates with Pauline Fairclough’s recent proposal of a so-called “Soviet [musical] middlebrow”: a “style all of its own” that “sought to be a form of ‘high art’ for the masses.” But whereas she limits this to a top-down process in which composers of serious music adopted accessible styles, the author argues, following Marina Frolova-Walker, that the cross-pollination of the serious into the popular be understood as an equally important and effective manifestation of the “Soviet middlebrow.” Importantly, because the medium in question—comedy cinema—was itself a lowbrow genre that authorities and filmmakers wished to raise to the status of high art, in these films the middlebrow medium and message are aligned.
An Evolutionary Review of Female Intrasexual Competition
Authors: Fisher Maryanne L. , Krems Jaimie Arona 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Research on female intrasexual competition has exploded over the last two decades. We provide an overview of the corpus of work, with the secondary aim of showing how this area conceptually grew over time. This chapter begins with historical perspectives of female intrasexual competition. We review how the field grew in response to scholars realizing the necessity of examining issues related to the promotion of female primates’ individual fitness. Then, we describe women’s aggression tactics and discuss how particularly indirect aggression is linked with women’s competitive strategies, lowered physical confrontation, and a decreased potential for physical harm. We note that the topic of women’s intrasexual competition has been overly dominated by mating-themed research, with far less attention toward ways that women compete in other domains that presumably heavily influence fitness. For example, only a few studies have examined competition among mothers, or on how mothers access limited resources for their children. Likewise, there has been little work on how women defend themselves against intrasexual aggression. We close with a discussion of future directions for research, with a focus on topics such as the importance of including non-WIERD samples in studying competition, competition among nonheterosexual women, the popularly discussed but highly academically neglected topic of “mommy judging,” and competition among women who are postmenopausal.
Evolving Connections
Authors: Birnbaum Gurit E. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Sexual urges and affectional bonding are not always interrelated. And yet, within romantic relationships, intimates typically serve as both attachment figures and sexual partners, such that the attachment and sexual systems may influence each other. In this chapter, I review the reciprocal associations between these two systems. I first introduce a model delineating the functional significance of sex in relationship development and the circumstances under which this function is more prominent. Then, I consider the reverse causal direction, providing an overview of the contribution of attachment processes to the construal of sexual encounters, including the kinds of desires that people wish to satisfy and what they view as desirable in partners. I conclude by suggesting future directions for studying the dual potential of sex for either deepening attachment to a current valued partner or promoting a new relationship when the existing relationship is no longer perceived to be worth retaining.
Marital and Sexual Satisfaction
Authors: Meltzer Andrea L. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
What factors impact the extent to which people are satisfied with their marriages as well as their sexual relationships with their spouses? To address these questions, this chapter reviews the predominant theoretical frameworks and corresponding empirical evidence for the function of marital satisfaction and sexual satisfaction. It begins by highlighting the function of marital satisfaction and describing the predominant theoretical framework used to predict marital satisfaction: interdependence theory. Following this theoretical overview, the chapter discusses biological and environmental factors that lead to differences in people’s marital outcomes and provides suggestions for future research in this area. The chapter then turns to sexual satisfaction, providing an overview of the theoretical rationale for why some people are more versus less satisfied with their sexual relationships with their spouses and discusses numerous factors that influence sexual satisfaction in the context of marriage. The chapter concludes by suggesting several novel advances for furthering our understanding of married couples’ sexual satisfaction.
Sexual Coercion
Authors: Camilleri Joseph A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews evolutionary theory and research on sexually coercive behavior. Such actions are diverse with respect to severity, types of acts, targets, and individual difference characteristics, and thus a comprehensive theoretical framework is needed to account for such diversity. Sexual selection has been prolific in explaining variation in sexual coercion between and within species, though controversies and criticisms stifled its application to humans. Ultimately, sexual coercion is motivated by a mating psychology that causes, or is a consequence of, sexual conflict, and can be understood in terms of psychological adaptations, by-products, and disorders. Among humans, understanding proximate and ultimate causes of sexual coercion has implications on assessing and treating sexual offenders.
Sociolinguistics and Superdiversity
Authors: Spotti Massimiliano , Blommaert Jan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter first takes stock of the prolific relationship of superdiversity with sociolinguistics (Blommaert and Rampton 2011; Creese and Blackledge 2018) and the advancements superdiversity has helped the field make in reshaping its conceptual wealth and methodological armour. From there, the chapter reflects on the notion of “combinatorial spaces” (Arnaut, Karrebaek, Spotti and Blommaert 2017), using it as a lens that—once appraised from an ethnographic interpretive perspective—could avoid the analysis of (im)mobility and complexity to fall into easy celebrations of individuality versus “bake and break” hybridity. Last, the chapter moves toward gaining insight into the more recent application of superdiversity and sociolinguistics within the online-offline nexus, putting it in relation to the recent re-appreciation of Durkheim’s ([1895] 1919) notion of sociation and the “social fact”. Ultimately, the chapter opens up its analysis to new forms of imaginable vocabulary that may help the sociolinguistic ethnographic analyst who wishes to dissect human beings’ creativity as flagged out in everyday communicative exchanges and sociosemiotic identity performances, while tying it down to the importance of après Durkheim’s work in furthering the understanding of the superdiverse “human in the digital.”
Addressing Inequality in Peace Studies
Authors: McCandless Erin , Schwoebel Mary Hope 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Three decades ago the United Nations recognized the peace-development nexus, and its appeal continues to grow in policy, practice, and scholarship. This nexus assumes an awareness of the deep interconnections between peace and development, and that the sole pursuit of either cannot achieve sustainable results. This chapter reflects on the evolution of the nexus, its place within peace studies, and its engagement by both the development and peace communities in policy and practice. Aware that a discipline should be able to speak effectively to the critical challenges of the times, the chapter examines a core conflict issue of our era—inequality—through the perspective of the peace-development nexus. Conclusions reflect on the direction of the nexus and its meaning for the viability and value of peace from a historical lens in order to address contemporary challenges.
AI, Fintech, and the Evolving Regulation of Consumer Financial Privacy
Authors: Aggarwal Nikita 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
One of the most notable developments in financial markets over the last 50 years is the growing role of digital technology—a trend often referred to as “fintech.” This chapter examines fintech through the lens of consumer financial privacy, focusing on the implications of artificial intelligence (AI) and increasingly data-driven consumer finance. It makes two principal contributions. First, taking a historical perspective, it examines the evolution of consumer financial privacy and its regulation under English law, from the duty of bank confidentiality to cross-sectoral data protection regulation. It demonstrates that this evolution has been shaped directly by the rise of fintech. Second, it analyses the latest phase in fintech—AI and data-driven decision-making—and examines the opportunities and challenges that this presents for the regulation of consumer financial privacy. Although the chapter focuses on English law, it will also be relevant to other jurisdictions that are grappling with the challenge of regulating consumer financial privacy in the era of fintech and AI.
To Bring Back the Summer
Authors: Loring Stephen , Arbour Chelsee , Jenkinson Anthony , Ashini Napes 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Innu have a history in the Québec–Labrador Peninsula that reaches back at least 8,000 years as testified by Innu atanukana (“legends”) and archaeology. Though muffled by millennia, the stories people tell, such as Kautuasukuaniskuanast (the boy who brought back the summer and who was transformed into the White-Crowned Sparrow), are parables of Innu history that document the arrival of Innu ancestors in the peri-glacial world of Nitassinan. More recent history has been appropriated by colonial institutions presenting the past as belonging (like the present and future) to the newly arrived French (Mastukushut) and English (Akaneshaut). Other than as part of the backdrop to a heroic tableau involving intrepid French and English “explorers” and adventurers, the Innu are thoroughly absent. Archaeology has the potential to help “bring back the summer” and possibly give voice to an unwritten Innu history by recognizing and disrupting the currently unquestioned/unequal power dynamic between western and Indigenous versions of the past.
The Sociology of Africa
Authors: Sooryamoorthy R. , Khalema Nene Ernest 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents the case for the sociology of Africa. Although Africa provides a diverse stage for the study of societies, attempts to build and develop an integrated sociology of Africa have yet to be made by social scientists and sociologists. While sociological knowledge is being produced by both the African diaspora and those living on the continent, it does not yet constitute an organized sociology of Africa. The handbook demonstrates that there is a timely need to broaden the sociological understanding of African societies by illustrating the pertinence of relevant sociological themes. The themes explored constitute the integral components of the sociological knowledge of African societies. The key topics include the context and perspectives of the sociology of Africa, race, ethnicity and religion; gender, sexuality and intersectionality; medical sociology; political economy and development; crime and violence; and the family and education.
Race and Its Sociological Inquiry in Africa
Authors: Khalema Nene Ernest 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Contemporary studies on “race” in Africa have given rise to new openings in studying and analyzing human differences that challenge the colonial impositions of notions of human diversity as a biological construct and proxy marker of differences. In sociology and the sociology of Africa, many theoretical and conceptual considerations about the meaning and utilization of “race” have been developed. Sociological inquiry on “race” in Africa has mostly adopted and perpetuated colonial indulgences about human differences and has exploited “race” to ration power for reasons utilizing diverse means. Informed by the Foucauldian analysis of discourse as a critical framework of knowledge production, situated power and resistance, this chapter aims to address how African sociology has responded to the dominant use of the concept of “race.” The chapter comments on the methodological dilemmas in measuring “race” and exposes the postcolonial problematic suppositions in its enquiry. The chapter shows how colonial classification schemes adopted and adapted in contemporary postcolonial states limit the necessary decolonial analysis of human differences and what African sociology can potentially contribute.
Creation and Consumption Experience of Cultural Value in Contemporary Art
Authors: Fillis Ian , Lee Boram , Fraser Ian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article utilizes marketing theory to improve insight into the value relating to visual art creation and consumption by advancing understanding of its roles in the creation of the cultural value associated with contemporary art. This theoretical analysis enables construction of a conceptual model of value creation. The authors inform this by drawing on their qualitative research data on the cultural value of a contemporary art exhibition. Creation and sharing of value, including networks and discourses of value, are central to this agenda. Aesthetic experience and symbolic consumption are as influential or more so than instrumental measures of value. This can be visualized in a circle of value involving culture, marketing, and consumption, which shape meaning. A competency spectrum can be used to explain how and why each stakeholder behaves differently with respect to the cultural value present.
Performance Evaluation in the Arts
Authors: Chiaravalloti Francesco 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Arts management research on performance evaluation has been characterized by an applied approach, focusing on providing arts organizations with performance evaluation models and techniques, rather than seeking to understand the meaning of performance and its evaluation in the specific contexts in which individual organizations operate. However, the latter is a precondition for developing and implementing performance evaluation systems that mirror the reality of artistic work and are thus useful for both organizations and their stakeholders. This chapter reviews two bodies of literature: critical accounting studies and valuation studies. Though both fields have remained lateral to arts management research so far, the review shows that critical accounting studies can contribute to a better understanding of the friction between different logics that emerges from the application of new public-management-oriented procedures of evaluation to arts organizations. At the same time, they show the limits of accounting in representing the alternative logics and systems of evaluation that arts organizations apply in order to compensate for the inadequacy of those imposed by regulatory bodies. Valuation studies on the arts stimulate the inclusion of non-market-driven concepts of value and the valorization of aesthetic-emotional logics of evaluation rather than scientific-rational ones. In particular, they highlight forms of judgment that provide alternatives to the currently dominant calculative technologies of evaluation. Closing the current gap in understanding is the first step in a new pragmatic agenda for research on performance evaluation in the arts.
Creating a Slave Society? The Greek and Roman Impact on Egypt
Authors: Rowlandson Jane 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Slavery in Pharaonic Egypt was a relatively minor phenomenon, with significant differences from slavery in Greek and Roman societies. The creation of the Ptolemaic state and the subsequent Roman conquest had important consequences for the history of slavery in Egypt. In the course of the Ptolemaic and Roman imperial periods, the introduction of Greek and Roman patterns of slaveholding alongside wider changes in the Egyptian economy and society led to a significant increase in the numbers and uses of slaves in Egypt. Egypt offers therefore an ideal case study for examining the changing history of ancient slavery and the entanglement between different slaving traditions. The exceptional nature of Egyptian documentary papyri makes it possible to explore subjects like patterns of slaveholding, gender ratios among slaves, and the employment of slaves in different economic sectors.
Commissurotomy
Authors: Henninger Polly 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses findings from patients who have undergone commissurotomy and callosotomy using lateralization techniques. Commissurotomy is a neurosurgical procedure that aims to prevent seizure activity from generalizing from one hemisphere across the corpus callosum to the other. Complete commissurotomy patients are known as split-brain subjects. The chapter first reviews the history of commissurotomy before providing an overview of commissurotomy and callosotomy. It then considers how the surgical procedure is performed, the ramifications of a split brain, and split-brain research undertaken at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena (Caltech). It also examines the use of Z lens and lateral limits techniques to test visual functions in split-brain patients, and visuospatial processing and information processing styles in commissurotomy subjects. Finally, the chapter analyzes consciousness in the split brain versus intact brain, the debate over whether the intact brain has unified or dual consciousness, and studies of the corpus callosum.
Distance determination of molecular clouds in the first quadrant of the Galactic plane using deep learning: I. Method and results
Authors: Fujita Shinji , Ito Atsushi M , Miyamoto Yusuke , Kawanishi Yasutomo , Torii Kazufumi , Shimajiri Yoshito , Nishimura Atsushi , Tokuda Kazuki , Ohnishi Toshikazu , Kaneko Hiroyuki , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Takekawa Shunya , Kohno Mikito , Ueda Shota , Nishimoto Shimpei , Yoneda Ryuki , Nishikawa Kaoru , Yoshida Daisuke 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMachine learning has been successfully applied in various field but whether it is a viable tool for determining the distance to molecular clouds in the Galaxy is an open question. In the Galaxy, the kinematic distance is commonly employed to represent the distance to a molecular cloud. However, for the inner Galaxy, two different solutions, i.e., the “Near” solution and the “Far” solution, can be derived simultaneously. We attempt to construct a two-class (“Near” or “Far”) inference model using a convolutional neural network (CNN), which is a form of deep learning that can capture spatial features generally. In this study, we use the CO dataset in the first quadrant of the Galactic plane obtained with the Nobeyama 45 m radio telescope (l = 62°–10°, |b| &lt; 1°). In the model, we apply the three-dimensional distribution (position–position–velocity) of the 12CO (J = 1–0) emissions as the main input. To train the model, a dataset with “Near” or “Far” annotation was created from the H ii region catalog of the infrared astronomy satellite WISE. Consequently, we construct a CNN model with a $76\% $ accuracy rate on the training dataset. Using the proposed model, we determine the distance to the molecular clouds identified by the CLUMPFIND algorithm. We found that the mass of molecular clouds with a distance of &lt;8.15 kpc identified in the 12CO data follows a power-law distribution with an index of approximately −2.3 in the mass range M &gt; 103 M⊙. In addition, the detailed molecular gas distribution of the Galaxy, as seen from the Galactic North pole, was determined.
Current status of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and automatic external defibrillator availability in high schools in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Zamzami Sultan , Hussain Arif , Wong Kenny , Pellerine Kimberley , Dhillon Santokh 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
School-based cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training and early use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) have proven to increase the survival of victims of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). This study aimed to determine the status of CPR training, availability of AEDs, and medical emergency response programs (MERPs) in high schools in Halifax Regional Municipality.

Method
High school principals were asked to participate in a voluntary online survey comprising questions about demographics, AEDs availability, CPR training for staff and students, the existence of MERPs, and perceived barriers. Three autogenerated reminders followed the initial invitation.

Results
Out of 51 schools, 21 (41%) responded, only 10% (2/21) and 33% (7/21) reported providing CPR training to students and staff, respectively. About 35% (7/20) of the schools reported having AEDs, but only 10% (2/20) have MERPs for SCA. All respondents reported in favor of AED availability in schools. The reported barriers to CPR training included limited financial resources (54%), perception of low priority (23%), and time constraints (23%). Respondents reported limited financial resources (85%) and the lack of trained staff to use (30%) as the main reasons for the unavailability of AEDs.

Conclusion
This survey showed that all respondents overwhelmingly favour having access to AEDs. However, the availability of CPR and AED training for staff and students in schools remains inadequate. Emergency action plans have not been devised, and few schools have AED devices. More education and awareness are needed to ensure lifesaving equipment and practices in all Halifax Regional Municipality schools.