bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cadaveric study of ergonomics and performance using a robotic exoscope with a head-mounted display in spine surgery
Authors: Demetz Matthias , Abramovic Anto , Krigers Aleksandrs , Bauer Marlies , Lener Sara , Pinggera Daniel , Kerschbaumer Johannes , Hartmann Sebastian , Fritsch Helga , Thomé Claudius , Freyschlag Christian F. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The conventional microscope has the disadvantage of a potentially unergonomic posture for the surgeon, which can affect performance. Monitor-based exoscopes could provide a more ergonomic posture, as already shown in pre-clinical studies. The aim of this study was to test the usability and comfort of a novel head-mounted display (HMD) based exoscope on spinal surgical approaches in a simulated OR setting.
Methods
A total of 21 neurosurgeons naïve to the device were participated in this prospective trial. After a standardized training session with the device, participants were asked to perform a single-level thoracolumbar decompression surgery on human cadavers using the exoscope. Subsequently, all participants completed a comfort and safety questionnaire. For the objective evaluation of the performance, all interventions were videotaped and analyzed.
Results
12 men and 9 women with a mean age of 34 (range: 24–57) were participating in the study. Average time for decompression was 15 min (IqR 9.6;24.2); 3 participants (14%) terminated the procedure prematurely. In these dropouts, a significantly higher incidence of back/neck pain (p=0.002 for back, p=0.046 for neck pain) as well as an increased frequency of HMD readjustments (p=0.045) and decreased depth perception (p=0.03) were documented. Overall, the surgeons’ satisfaction with the exoscope was 84% (IqR 75; 100).
Conclusion
Using a standardized, pre-interventional training, it is possible for exoscope-naïve surgeons to perform sufficient spinal decompression using the HMD-based exoscope with a high satisfaction. However, inaccurate HMD-setup prior to the start of the procedure may lead to discomfort and unsatisfactory results.
Associations between shared sanitation, stunting and diarrhoea in low-income, high density urban neighbourhoods of Maputo, Mozambique - a cross-sectional study
Authors: Braun Laura , MacDougall Amy , Sumner Trent , Adriano Zaida , Viegas Edna , Nala Rassul , Brown Joe , Knee Jackie , Cumming Oliver 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Shared sanitation facilities are used by over 500 million people around the world. Most research evidence indicates that shared sanitation conveys higher risk than household sanitation for many adverse health outcomes, including stunting and diarrhoea. However, studies often fail to account for variation between different types of shared facility. As informal housing development outpaces sanitation infrastructure, it is imperative to understand which components of shared facilities may mitigate the health risks of shared sanitation use.
Methods
This cross-sectional study determines whether sanitation improvement or compound hygiene were associated with stunting or diarrhoeal prevalence in a population of children under five living in Maputo, Mozambique who rely on shared sanitation facilities. The study uses logistic and linear multivariable regression analysis to search for associations and control for potential confounding factors.
Results
346 children (43.9%) in the study population were stunted (height-for-age z-score <-2). Each unit increase in sanitation score was associated with an approximate decrease of 22% in the odds of stunting (OR: 0.78, CI: 0.66, 0.92,), and an increase in height of 0.23 height-for-age z-scores (CI: 0.10, 0.36). There was no evidence that the compound hygiene score was associated with height as measured by stunting (OR: 1.05, CI: 0.87, 1.26) or z-score (-0.06, CI: -0.21, 0.09). Neither sanitation nor compound hygiene score nor compound were associated with diarrhoea in the study population.
Conclusions
Use of an improved latrine is associated with decreased odds of stunting, even among users of shared sanitation. This effect remained after controlling for age, sex, wealth, breastfeeding status, and maternal education level. There was no evidence of an association between latrine improvement and diarrhoea. Further investigation is necessary to isolate the attributes of shared sanitation facilities that may lead to the greatest reduction in health risk.
Online dashboards for SARS-CoV-2 wastewater data need standard best practices: An environmental health communication agenda
Authors: Naughton Colleen C. , Holm Rochelle H. , Lin Nancy J. , James Brooklyn P. , Smith Ted 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the benefits of wastewater surveillance to supplement clinical data. Numerous online information dashboards have been rapidly, and typically independently, developed to communicate environmental surveillance data to public health officials and the public. In this study, we review dashboards presenting SARS-CoV-2 wastewater data and propose a path toward harmonization and improved risk communication. A list of 127 dashboards representing 27 countries was compiled. The variability was high and encompassed aspects including the graphics used for data presentation (e.g., line/bar graphs, maps, and tables), log versus linear scale, and 96 separate ways of labeling SARS-CoV-2 wastewater concentrations. Globally, dashboard presentations also differed by region. Approximately half of the dashboards presented clinical case data, and 25% presented variant monitoring. Only 30% of dashboards provided downloadable source data. While any single dashboard is likely useful in its own context and locality, the high variation across dashboards at best prevents optimal use of wastewater surveillance data on a broader geographical scale and at worst could lead to risk communication issues and the potential for public health miscommunication. There is a great opportunity to improve scientific communication through the adoption of uniform data presentation conventions, standards, and best practices in this field.
Deterministic and probabilistic modeling of microbiological quality using the QUAL-UFMG: a water resource management tool applied on the slope waters of the Grande River, Brazil
Authors: Gomides Clécio Eustáquio , de Matos Mateus Pimentel , Fia Ronaldo , Fonseca Alysson Rodrigo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The present work presents a methodology for modeling the quality of surface water, aiming at the management of hydrographic basins and the best allocation of resources in the treatment of sanitary sewage, considering the predominant uses of water and microbiological quality. The QUAL-UFMG model was used, composed of Excel spreadsheets, where visual basic for applications (VBA) routines were implemented, enabling deterministic and probabilistic modeling through Monte Carlo simulations. The proposed methodology was applied to a Brazilian hydrographic basin, called the GD2 Planning Unit (Grande River Slopes), considering the discharges of sanitary sewage from 30 municipal seats and approximately 740,000 inhabitants. Four scenarios were studied: the current situation (C-01), the trend for the year 2033 (C-02), compliance with environmental legislation (C-03) and compliance with the main uses of the basin (C-04). The results showed that for C-01 and C-02, the water quality, in terms of thermotolerant coliforms, in most stretches does not meet the defined uses. Even complying with the provisions of environmental legislation (C-03), which do not provide for disinfection, only the largest watercourses would have adequate quality for use. Complete service would only be achieved in C-04, which provides for universal sewage treatment with disinfection for the vast majority of municipalities.
Equitable Principles in the Delimitation of the Aegean Continental Shelf
Authors: Górka Maciej 
Published: April 2023

The purpose of the article is to present the role of equitable principles in the delimitation of the continental shelf in the specific situation of the Aegean area. First, the theoretical aspects of the equity in international law and its typology are presented, followed by explaining the role of equitable principles in maritime relations. In turn, the author explains the interdependence of equity and geographical conditions, while stressing the unique geography of the Aegean, bearing heavily on delimitation efforts in the region. The context of the Greek-Turkish continental shelf delimitation dispute is explained, drawing attention to the divergent positions of the two countries. The rules applicable to the dispute at hand are then analysed, with a focus on customary law, in the absence of treaty rules applicable between Greece and Turkey as concerns the maritime delimitation. The role of the international courts and tribunals in finding solutions in the disputes involving the delimitation of the continental shelf is discussed, by also presenting their approach to interpreting and applying equity and equitable principles. The three-stage delimitation method elaborated in the case-law based on equitable principles is finally presented, while drawing attention to the difficulties in applying the method in practice and the resulting therefrom inconsistencies.Finally, the conclusions of the above considerations for the Aegean continental shelf delimitation are drawn and the perspectives for finding a solution in the future are presented.
Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets: Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
in Left Carotid Artery Stenosis with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Li Xia , Guo Dianxuan , Hu Youdong , Zhou Hualan , Chen Ying 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Patients with left carotid artery atherosclerotic stenosis have an increased ischemic
stroke risk. Left carotid stenosis, the most common cause of the transient ischemic attack, is related to a higher
risk of acute stroke. Left carotid artery stenosis is also associated with cerebral artery infarction. The significant
coronary stenosis promotes ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions. The severe coronary stenosis plays an
important role in development and progression of myocardial infarction. However, the dynamic changes of circulating
oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in the carotid stenosis combined with coronary artery stenosis
are not clear, and it also remains unknown whether mark of oxidative stress and inflammation are potential
therapeutic targets for carotid stenosis combined with coronary artery stenosis.

Aim:
This study aims to explore the effects of oxidative stress combined with an inflammatory response on left
carotid artery stenosis with coronary artery disease in patients.

Methods:
We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that levels of markers of oxidative stress and inflammation are
associated with coexistent severe carotid and coronary artery stenosis in patients. We measured the circulating
levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OX-LDL), homocysteine (Hcy), F2-
isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP),
prostaglandin E2 (PG-E2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in patients with combined carotid and coronary artery
severe stenosis. We also assessed the relationships among oxidative stress, inflammation, and severe stenosis of
the carotid with a coronary artery in patients.

Results:
Levels of MDA, OX-LDL, Hcy, F2-IsoPs, TNF-α, hs-CRP, PG-E2, and IFN-γ were remarkably increased
(P < 0.001) in patients with combined carotid and coronary artery severe stenosis. High levels of oxidative
stress and inflammation may be related to severe stenosis of the carotid with coronary arteries in patients.

Conclusion:
Our observations indicated that measurements of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers may
be valuable for the assessment of the degree of carotid with coronary artery stenosis. The biomarkers of oxidative
stress and inflammatory response may become therapeutic targets for carotid artery stenosis with coronary
artery stenosis in patients.
Biological Properties of Arginine-rich Peptides and their Application in Cargo Delivery to Cancer
Authors: Fan Jinhai , Ma Minghai , Zhao Ruizhao , Li Xing , Jing Minxuan , Song Rundong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) comprise short peptides of fewer than 30 amino acids, which are rich in arginine (Arg) or lysine (Lys). CPPs have attracted interest in the delivery of various cargos, such as drugs, nucleic acids, and other macromolecules over the last 30 years. Among all types of CPPs, arginine-rich CPPs exhibit higher transmembrane efficiency due to bidentate bonding between their guanidinium groups and negatively charged cellular components. Besides, endosome escape can be induced by arginine-rich CPPs to protect cargo from lysosome-dependent degradation. Here we summarize the function, design principles, and penetrating mechanisms of arginine-rich CPPs, and outline their biomedical applications in drug delivery and biosensing in tumors.
Calixarene: A Supramolecular Material for Treating Cancer
Authors: Li Rui , Liu Ning , Liu Rui , Jin Xin , Li Zheng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Cancer is a disease with a high mortality rate; therefore, research on new treatment strategies
is essential. There has been increased interest in novel drug delivery systems (DDS) in recent
years, such as calixarene, one of the most important principal molecules in supramolecular chemistry.
Calixarene is a cyclic oligomer of phenolic units linked by methylene bridges that belongs to the third
generation of supramolecular compounds. By modifying the phenolic hydroxyl end (lower edge) or the
para-position, a wide range of calixarene derivatives can be obtained (upper edge). Drugs are combined
with calixarenes to modify and have new properties, such as strong water solubility, the ability to
bond with guest molecules, and excellent biocompatibility. In this review, we summarize the applications
of calixarene in the construction of anticancer drug delivery systems and its application in clinical
treatment and diagnosis. It provides theoretical support for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer in the
future.
Intestinal Anti-inflammatory Effects of Linum usitatissimum Alkaloid on Experimental Ulcerative Colitis in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Bribi Noureddine , Merakeb Mohamed Sofiane , Boudaoud-Ouahmed Hania 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:There is growing interest in alternative therapies for managing inflammatory bowel disorders (IBD) that offer efficacy and a suitable safety profile. The present study aimed to evaluate the intestinal anti-inflammatory effect of the alkaloid extract of Linum usitatissimum (ALU) on the acetic acid (AA) experimental model of colitis.Methods:For in vivo experiments, an 8-day 5% acetic acid administration protocol was used in BALB/c mice to induce colitis. The intestinal anti-inflammatory effect of oral ALU (12.5, 25, and 50mg/kg) was evaluated after 8 days. Colon damage was evaluated macroscopically (colon weight/ colon length), and the histological alterations were also assessed.Results:ALU treatment significantly reduced signs of intestinal inflammation compared to the Acetic acid control mice, confirmed by histological examination.Conclusion:These results suggest that the total alkaloid extract from Linum usitatissimum seeds has potent intestinal anti-inflammatory properties and may be a promising treatment for ulcerative colitis.
Direct Organogenesis of Citrus Cultivars from Shoot Tip Nodal
Segments
Authors: Yusuf Zekeria , Desta Mulugeta , Mohammed Wassu 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Citrus cultivar improvement via conventional breeding strategies
is impeded by factors related to its reproductive biology. The orange is a hybrid between
pomelo (Citrus maxima) and mandarin (Citrus reticulata). Among various orange cultivars,
Valencia oranges have a bit of bitter tang mixed in with their sweetness, as Navel oranges
are, the most widely cultivated citrus species, quite sweeter, and also don't contain
any seeds. Tangelo mandarin orange cultivar is a hybrid of C. reticulata × C. maxima or
× C. paradisi.

Objective:
The present study was undertaken to optimize the hormonal composition of the
media with regard to plant growth regulators for in vitro propagation of sweet orange cultivars
from nodal segment explants.

Methods:
The nodal segment explants were collected from three citrus cultivars, Washington
Navel, Valencia and Tangelo. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with
sucrose and different concentrations of growth regulators was used for shoot proliferation
and root induction, and the optimum medium composition was assessed. The patent for
Citrus Tissue Culture was obtained from the Office of Research Affairs, Haramaya University.

Results:
The results indicate that the highest shoot response was recorded for Washington's
navel with maximum shoot proliferation rate (99.75%), shoot number per explant (1.76),
shoot length (10.70 cm), leaf number per explants (3.54) after three weeks of culture. In all
experiments, no growth was observed for the basal MS medium. Phytohormone combinations
of IAA (1.2 mg/L) and kinetin (2.0 mg/L) were found to be the best for shoot proliferation.
Among the cultivars, there were significant differences for the highest rooting rate
(81.255), root number (2.22), and root length (2.95 cm) variables for Washington Navel.
The lowest rooting rate (48.45%), root number (1.47) and root length (2.26 cm) were observed
for Valencia. The highest rooting rate (84.90%), root number per microshoot (2.22)
and root length (3.05 cm) was on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L NAA.

Conclusion:
A comparison of different concentrations of IAA and NAA on root induction
of microshoots from nodal segments of citrus cultivars demonstrated NAA was a more effective
hormone than IAA.
Face Mask Use and Associated Factors Among Students: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Addis Gesese Abreha , Duer Thot Tut 
Published: April 2023

Background
COVID-19 has gravely affected the world, including students, due to the high level of contracting infections.

Objective
This study assessed the magnitude of mask use and associated factors among students.

Methods
A cross-sectional study using mixed methods was conducted among students at Gambella Teachers’ Education and Health Science College, Gambella Region, Southwest Ethiopia, from March 5 to March 30, 2021. The stratified random sampling technique was used. Proportional allocation of samples was used to randomly select case teams, and a simple random sampling technique was used to recruit the students. The data were collected by trained and experienced enumerators. Data were entered into EpiData (version 3.1; EpiData Association) and exported to SPSS (version 22; IBM Corp) for analysis. Logistic regression was executed. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with the 95% CI was used to determine the association and strength with the outcome variable. The qualitative data were transcribed, translated, coded, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Then, the themes were used to triangulate the quantitative study.

Results
The study included a total of 379 participants and yielded a response rate of 95.5% (379/397). The majority of study participants were older than 25 years, with the mean age being 26.34 (SD 5.8) years. This study found that the magnitude of mask use among students was 87% (330/379). The odds of mask use were higher among students who were female (AOR 3.32, 95% CI 1.191-9.248), younger (AOR 2.55, 95% CI 1.155-5.627), agreed that not all persons with COVID-19 develop severe disease (AOR 3.38, 95% CI 1.36-8.41), agreed that there is currently no effective cure (AOR 6.28, 95% CI 1.36-28.99), performed proper washing with soap and water (AOR 0.027, 95% CI 0.004-0.182), had started to stay home (AOR 0.168, 95% CI 0.054-0.52), agreed that COVID-19 is fatal (AOR 0.236, 95% CI 0.084-0.666), agreed that a flu vaccine is sufficient for COVID-19 prevention (AOR 3.874, 95% CI 1.540-9.749), and disinfected equipment and working areas at least once a day (AOR 0.222, 95% CI 0.086-0.575).

Conclusions
This study found that the magnitude of mask use among students was relatively moderate in Ethiopia. Sex, age, agreeing that not all persons with COVID-19 develop severe disease, agreeing that there is currently no effective cure, performing proper washing with soap and water, starting to stay home, agreeing that COVID-19 is fatal, and agreeing that the flu vaccine is sufficient to prevent COVID-19 were independently associated with mask use among students. Therefore, colleges should aggressively encourage students to wear masks and monitor the implementation of COVID-19 prevention regulations along with the accessibility of masks.
Web-Based Social Networks of Individuals With Adverse Childhood Experiences: Quantitative Study
Authors: Cao Yiding , Rajendran Suraj , Sundararajan Prathic , Law Royal , Bacon Sarah , Sumner Steven A , Masuda Naoki 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which include abuse and neglect and various household challenges such as exposure to intimate partner violence and substance use in the home, can have negative impacts on the lifelong health of affected individuals. Among various strategies for mitigating the adverse effects of ACEs is to enhance connectedness and social support for those who have experienced them. However, how the social networks of those who experienced ACEs differ from the social networks of those who did not is poorly understood.ObjectiveIn this study, we used Reddit and Twitter data to investigate and compare social networks between individuals with and without ACE exposure.MethodsWe first used a neural network classifier to identify the presence or absence of public ACE disclosures in social media posts. We then analyzed egocentric social networks comparing individuals with self-reported ACEs with those with no reported history.ResultsWe found that, although individuals reporting ACEs had fewer total followers in web-based social networks, they had higher reciprocity in following behavior (ie, mutual following with other users), a higher tendency to follow and be followed by other individuals with ACEs, and a higher tendency to follow back individuals with ACEs rather than individuals without ACEs.ConclusionsThese results imply that individuals with ACEs may try to actively connect with others who have similar previous traumatic experiences as a positive connection and coping strategy. Supportive interpersonal connections on the web for individuals with ACEs appear to be a prevalent behavior and may be a way to enhance social connectedness and resilience in those who have experienced ACEs.