bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellular senescence primes liver fibrosis regression through Notch‐EZH2
Authors: Song Ping , Duan Juan‐Li , Ding Jian , Liu Jing‐Jing , Fang Zhi‐Qiang , Xu Hao , Li Zhi‐Wen , Du Wei , Xu Ming , Ling Yu‐Wei , He Fei , Tao Kai‐Shan , Wang Lin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCellular senescence plays a pivotal role in wound healing. At the initiation of liver fibrosis regression, accumulated senescent cells were detected and genes of senescence were upregulated. Flow cytometry combined with single‐cell RNA sequencing analyses revealed that most of senescent cells were liver nonparenchymal cells. Removing senescent cells by dasatinib and quercetin (DQ), alleviated hepatic cellular senescence, impeded fibrosis regression, and disrupted liver sinusoids. Clearance of senescent cells not only decreased senescent macrophages but also shrank the proportion of anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophages through apoptotic pathway. Subsequently, macrophages were depleted by clodronate, which diminished hepatic senescent cells and impaired fibrosis regression. Mechanistically, the change of the epigenetic regulator enhancer of zeste homolog2 (EZH2) accompanied with the emergence of hepatic senescent cells while liver fibrosis regressed. Blocking EZH2 signaling by EPZ6438 reduced hepatic senescent cells and macrophages, decelerating liver fibrosis regression. Moreover, the promoter region of EZH2 was transcriptionally suppressed by Notch‐Hes1 (hairy and enhancer of split 1) signaling. Disruption of Notch in macrophages using Lyz2 (lysozyme 2) Cre‐RBP‐J (recombination signal binding protein Jκ) f/f transgenic mice, enhanced hepatic cellular senescence, and facilitated fibrosis regression by upregulating EZH2 and blocking EZH2 abrogated the above effects caused by Notch deficiency. Ultimately, adopting Notch inhibitor Ly3039478 or exosome‐mediated RBP‐J decoy oligodeoxynucleotides accelerated liver fibrosis regression by augmenting hepatic cellular senescence.
Bone Mineral Density and the Risk of Parkinson's Disease in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Park Kye‐Yeung , Jung Jin‐Hyung , Hwang Hwan‐Sik , Park Hoon‐Ki , Han Kyungdo , Nam Ga Eun 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundWhether bone mineral density (BMD) is related to the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) is unclear.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to examine the association between BMD status and incident PD in postmenopausal women.MethodsWe retrospectively examined a nationwide cohort of 272,604 women aged 66 years who participated in the 2009–2012 Korean national health screening for transitional ages. BMD was evaluated using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry of the central bones. The use of antiosteoporosis medications (AOMs) was assessed. We performed multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate the association between BMD and PD risk by calculating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsDuring the median follow‐up of 7.7 years, 2,884 (1.1%) incident PD cases developed. After adjusting for confounding factors, lower BMD was associated with an increased risk of PD (P for trend <0.001). Individuals with osteoporosis had a 1.40‐fold higher HR (1.40, 95% CI: 1.25–1.56) than those with a normal BMD. Sensitivity analyses suggested the associations robust to longer lag periods and further adjustment. These associations were prominent in individuals without AOM use before or after enrollment (P for interaction = 0.031 and 0.014). Increased risks of PD in individuals with osteopenia and osteoporosis who did not use AOMs were attenuated by the medication use during the follow‐up period, regardless of previous AOM use.ConclusionsLower postmenopausal BMD and osteoporosis were associated with an increased risk of PD. In addition, this association could be mitigated using AOMs. Proper management of BMD in postmenopausal women may help prevent PD. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Rheumatoid arthritis molecular targets and their importance to flavonoid‐based therapy
Authors: Rufino Ana T. , Freitas Marisa , Proença Carina , Ferreira de Oliveira José M. P. , Fernandes Eduarda , Ribeiro Daniela 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive, chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory, and systemic condition that primarily affects the synovial joints and adjacent tissues, including bone, muscle, and tendons. The World Health Organization recognizes RA as one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases. In the last decade, there was an expansion on the available RA therapeutic options which aimed to improve patient's quality of life. Despite the extensive research and the emergence of new therapeutic approaches and drugs, there are still significant unwanted side effects associated to these drugs and still a vast number of patients that do not respond positively to the existing therapeutic strategies. Over the years, several references to the use of flavonoids in the quest for new treatments for RA have emerged. This review aimed to summarize the existing literature about the flavonoids' effects on the major pathogenic/molecular targets of RA and their potential use as lead compounds for the development of new effective molecules for RA treatment. It is demonstrated that flavonoids can modulate various players in synovial inflammation, regulate immune cell function, decrease synoviocytes proliferation and balance the apoptotic process, decrease angiogenesis, and stop/prevent bone and cartilage degradation, which are all dominant features of RA. Although further investigation is necessary to determine the effectiveness of flavonoids in humans, the available data from in vitro and in vivo models suggest their potential as new disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs. This review highlights the use of flavonoids as a promising avenue for future research in the treatment of RA.
High‐performance two‐pole filter using self‐coupled resonators with frequency‐variant internal and external couplings
Authors: Narayane Vinay B. , Kumar Girish 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this article, a two‐pole filter with very high selectivity and second harmonic suppression is presented. The design is based on a novel configuration using self‐coupled half‐wave resonators with external frequency‐variant coupling (EFVC) structures. The self‐coupling allows placing two transmission zeros, produced by frequency‐variant interresonator coupling and the tapped feeds, close to the passband edges. The EFVC structure enables arbitrary positioning of these zeros without affecting in‐band performance. Thus, very high‐selectivity passbands can be realized. Additionally, the external coupling structures provide more zeros which are used to suppress spurious harmonics. The fabricated prototype second‐order filter at 2.35 GHz center frequency with 5.6% bandwidth shows a selectivity factor (ratio of 3‐ to 20‐dB bandwidths) of 0.535 and stopband up to 2.8 times the center frequency with minimum 20‐dB rejection.
A correction algorithm for improved magnetic field monitoring with distal field probes
Authors: Dubovan Paul I. , Gilbert Kyle M. , Baron Corey A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeA significant source of artifacts in MRI are field fluctuations. Field monitoring is a new technology that allows measurement of field dynamics during a scan via “field probes,” which can be used to improve image reconstruction. Ideally, probes are located within the volume where gradients produce nominally linear field patterns. However, in some situations probes must be located far from isocenter where rapid field variation can arise, leading to erroneous field‐monitoring characterizations and images. This work aimed to develop an algorithm that improves the robustness of field dynamics in these situations.MethodsThe algorithm is split into three components. Component 1 calculates field dynamics one spatial order at a time, whereas the second implements a weighted least squares solution based on probe distance. Component 3 then calculates phase residuals and removes the residual phase for distant probes before recalculation. Two volunteers and a phantom were scanned on a 7T MRI using diffusion‐weighted sequences, and field monitoring was performed. Image reconstructions were informed with field dynamics calculated conventionally, and with the correction algorithm, after which in vivo images were compared qualitatively and phantom image error was quantitatively assessed.ResultsThe algorithm was able to correct corrupted field dynamics, resulting in image‐quality improvements. Significant artifact reduction was observed when correcting higher‐order fits. Stepwise fitting provided the most correction benefit, which was marginally improved when adding the other correction strategies.ConclusionThe proposed algorithm can mitigate effects of phase errors in field monitoring, providing improved characterization of field dynamics.
Learning ADC maps from accelerated radial k‐space diffusion‐weighted MRI in mice using a deep CNN‐transformer model
Authors: Li Yuemeng , Joaquim Miguel Romanello , Pickup Stephen , Song Hee Kwon , Zhou Rong , Fan Yong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeTo accelerate radially sampled diffusion weighted spin‐echo (Rad‐DW‐SE) acquisition method for generating high quality ADC maps.MethodsA deep learning method was developed to generate accurate ADC maps from accelerated DWI data acquired with the Rad‐DW‐SE method. The deep learning method integrates convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with vision transformers to generate high quality ADC maps from accelerated DWI data, regularized by a monoexponential ADC model fitting term. A model was trained on DWI data of 147 mice and evaluated on DWI data of 36 mice, with acceleration factors of 4× and 8× compared to the original acquisition parameters.ResultsAblation studies and experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed deep learning model generates higher quality ADC maps from accelerated DWI data than alternative deep learning methods under comparison when their performance is quantified in whole images as well as in regions of interest, including tumors, kidneys, and muscles.ConclusionsThe deep learning method with integrated CNNs and transformers provides an effective means to accurately compute ADC maps from accelerated DWI data acquired with the Rad‐DW‐SE method.
Adiabatic null passage for on‐resonance magnetization transfer preparation
Authors: Abbasi‐Rad Shahrokh , Norris David G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeWe propose a novel RF pulse providing an adiabatic null passage (ANP) for magnetization transfer preparation with improved insensitivity to and B0 inhomogeneities and mitigated direct saturation and T2 effects.MethodThe phase modulation function of a 6‐ms time‐resampled frequency offset–corrected pulse was modified to achieve zero flip angle at the end of the pulse. The spectral response was simulated, and its insensitivity to B0 and was investigated and compared with a phase‐inverted (11‐2) binomial pulse. The proposed pulse was implemented in a 2D‐EPI pulse sequence to generate magnetization transfer (MT) contrast and MT ratio (MTR) maps. In vivo experiments were performed on 3 healthy participants with power‐matched settings for ANP and the binomial pulse with the following parameters: 6‐ms binomial pulse with a flip angle of 107° (shortest element) and pulse repetition period (PRP) of TRslice = 59 ms, three experiments with 6‐ms ANP and constant MT used overdrive factor (OF)/PRP values of 1/TRslice, /2TRslice, and /3TRslice.ResultsAt gray matter (white matter) in vivo, the MTR decreased from 61% (64%) at OF = 1 to 38% (42%) applying ANP with an OF = and PRP = 3 TRslice, demonstrating the mitigation of T2/direct effect by 22% (22%). Bloch‐McConnell simulations gave similar values. In vivo experiments showed significant improvement in the MTR values for areas with high B0 inhomogeneity.ConclusionANP pulse was shown to be advantageous over its binomial counterpart in providing MT contrast by mitigating the T2 effect and direct saturation of the liquid pool as well as reduced sensitivity to and B0 inhomogeneity.
Impact of nusinersen on the health‐related quality of life and caregiver burden of patients with spinal muscular atrophy with symptom onset after age 6 months
Authors: Lee Yun Jeong , Kim Ae Ryoung , Lee Jong‐Mok , Shim Young Kyu , Cho Jae So , Ryu Hye Won , Kwon Soonhak , Chae Jong‐Hee 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsNovel disease‐modifying approaches for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) have highlighted the patient's perspective on functional changes over time. In this study, we evaluated the impact of nusinersen on the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with later‐onset SMA and the caregiver burden.MethodsWe assessed the changes in HRQoL using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scale (PedsQL GCS) and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 3.0 Neuromuscular Module (PedsQL NMM) during 26 months of treatment. Caregiver burden was assessed using the Assessment of Caregiver Experience with Neuromuscular Disease. We also assessed motor function using the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale—Expanded (HFMSE) and the Revised Upper Limb Module score.ResultsTwenty‐four patients and their caregivers were included. The median age of patients at treatment onset was 148.8 (6.8 to 269.4) months. A significant improvement was observed in psychosocial health in proxy‐reported PedsQL (P = .023). However, the physical health scores of the PedsQL GCS and About my neuromuscular disorder subscores of the PedsQL NMM did not change, although there was a significant increase in HFMSE scores. Regarding the caregiver burden, the financial burden was reduced, whereas time burden increased. A higher HFMSE score was associated with better self‐reported PedsQL GCS total scores (P < .001).DiscussionOur results provide insights into the multifaceted implications of disease‐modifying therapies for SMA through patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs). PROMs should be taken into consideration to assess the clinical significance of the functional changes identified by clinician‐reported scales.
Theoretical investigation of the impact of intra‐ and inter‐layer coupling of high TC superconductor Nd2‐xCexCuO4
Authors: Yayeh Zewdie , Kahsay Gebregziabher , Negussie Tamiru 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe aim of the current study is to investigate the impact of layer coupling on the characteristics of high TC superconductor Nd2‐xCexCuO4 (NCCO). In this study, the intra‐ and inter‐layer couplings are taken into consideration. By applying the double time Green's function (GF) technique and formulating a model Hamiltonian, the transition temperature (TC) of superconductor Nd2‐xCexCuO4 is computed quantitatively by considering the intra‐ and inter‐layer interactions as independent variables. By increasing the layer interactions, the increase in TC is observed. Furthermore, TC is calculated by taking into consideration different number of interlayer interactions as independent variables which subsequently resulted in the enhancement of TC. Besides, TC has been computed as a function of electron doping as a result of which a dome shaped figure has been perceived in the temperature versus doping phase diagram. The superconducting order parameter (Δ) has been also reckoned as a function of temperature and is observed to gradually decrease as temperature increases and eventually vanishes at TC. A slight increment in TC is observed as the doping values of charge carriers increase. Our findings are discussed in connection with the experimental studies of superconductivity (SC) in Nd2CuO4 based layered compounds.
The association of urinary BDNF, ATP, and MMP‐2 with bladder compliance in children with myelodysplasia
Authors: Sekerci Cagri Akin , Kutukoglu Mehmet Umut , Basok Banu Isbilen , Fidan Mesut , Cam Sebahat , Yucel Selcuk , Tarcan Tufan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimThe purpose of our study was to evaluate the relationship of urinary brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), matrix metallopreteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) with urodynamic findings and upper urinary tract deterioration (UUTD) in children with myelodysplasia.Materials and MethodsChildren with myelodysplasia evaluated in outpatient clinic between 2022 and 2023 were included. All patients underwent urinary ultrasonography, voiding cystourethrography, urodynamics, and DMSA scintigraphy. Urine samples were collected before urodynamics. Control urine was collected from 10 healthy children. Urinary biomarker values of patients and controls were compared, and subgroup analysis was performed.ResultsThe median age of 40 children (26 girls) included in the study was 108 (8–216) months, and the control group (six girls) was 120 (60–154) (p = 0.981). Urinary BDNF, MMP‐2, and ATP were found to be significantly higher in children with myelodysplasia compared to the control (p = 0.007, p = 0.027, p = 0.014, respectively). The three biomarker values were similar in children with bladder compliance below or above 10 cmH2O/mL (p = 0.750, p = 0.844, p = 0.575). No difference was found in terms of UUTD in all three biomarkers (p = 0.387, p = 0.892, p = 0.705). A negative correlation was found between urinary ATP and compliance (p < 0.05).ConclusionIn this study, all three biomarkers were found to be higher in children with myelodysplasia than in controls. There was a negative correlation between urinary ATP and compliance. Urinary biomarkers may contribute the follow‐up of children with neurogenic lower urinary tract deterioration in future with their noninvasive features. However, the lack of standardization and the inability to reliably predict risky groups are important shortcomings of urinary biomarkers.
The propagation of Hermite–Gauss wave packets in optics and quantum mechanics
Authors: Briggs John S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe two‐dimensional paraxial equation of optics and the two‐dimensional time‐dependent Schrödinger equation, derived as approximations of the three‐dimensional Helmholtz equation and the three‐dimensional time‐independent Schrödinger equation, respectively, are identical. Here the free propagation in space and time of Hermite–Gauss wave packets (optics) or harmonic oscillator eigenfunctions (quantum mechanics) is examined in detail. The Gouy phase is shown to be a dynamic phase, appearing as the integral of the adiabatic eigenfrequency or eigenenergy. The wave packets propagate adiabatically in that at each space or time point they are solutions of the instantaneous harmonic problem. In both cases, it is shown that the form of the wave function is unchanged along the loci of the normals to wave fronts. This invariance along such trajectories is connected to the propagation of the invariant amplitude of the corresponding free wave number (optics) or momentum (quantum mechanics) wave packets. It is shown that the van Vleck classical density of trajectories function appears in the wave function amplitude over the complete trajectory. A transformation to the co‐moving frame along a trajectory gives a constant wave function multiplied by a simple energy or frequency phase factor. The Gouy phase becomes the proper time in this frame.Key PointsThis paper builds a bridge between quantum mechanics (QM) and classical optics in that

the identity of the paraxial equation of optics and the Schrödinger equation of QM is shown,
the Bohmian trajectories of QM are defined in optics,
the Gouy phase of optics is defined in QM and given a new interpretation and
The space and momentum wave functions are equivalent along a trajectory.
Labor mobility and the Affordable Care Act: Heterogeneous impacts of the preexisting conditions provision
Authors: Connolly Laura , Hampton Matt , Lenhart Otto 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) preexisting conditions provision ensures that insurance companies can no longer deny coverage, charge higher premiums, or exclude coverage due to a preexisting health condition. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of the provision on labor mobility. We use data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics for years 2009 through 2019 and estimate difference‐in‐differences models to determine whether the provision improved labor mobility for individuals with chronic conditions. While females respond along the extensive margin by being less likely to work, males experience broader labor mobility improvements. Men are more likely to start a new job, become employed in a different industry, and move to a different state in the post‐policy period. Labor mobility improvements are largest among males with household incomes greater than 138% of the federal poverty level, males ages 35 to 49, and males with conditions first diagnosed more than 10 years ago. Last, we show that the policy improved access to health insurance coverage and reduced the likelihood that health impacts the amount or type of work, which ultimately increased labor market flexibility. Our results highlight the heterogenous impacts of the provision on different subgroups of the population.
Maternal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: The potential vertical transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 and impact on neonates: A review
Authors: Xia Wei , Peng Zhoujie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), a large, lipid‐enveloped, single‐stranded RNA virus, is a highly contagious virus that caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Pregnant women are usually considered at high risk for infectious diseases, including COVID‐19. Maternal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection can adversely affect the pregnancy and birth outcomes, such as abortion, intrauterine growth restriction, and prematurity. Some meta‐analysis suggested that the outcomes of newborns are different between symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant women but similar in asymptomatic and SARS‐CoV‐2 negative group. Maternal infection increases the risk of vertical transmission; also the presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 or its RNA in maternal samples in some case reports raised the possibility of intrauterine transmission. Also, contact transmission during delivery and postnatal transmission are discussed. Although most infected newborns are asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, there are case reports of severe neonatal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, including cardiorespiratory failure and death. Otherwise, some studies suggested that the COVID‐19 pandemic was associated with a reduction for preterm birth during the pandemic compared with the prepandemic period. We conduct this review to try to make a conclusion about the vertical transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 and impact on neonates due to Maternal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.