bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient reported outcome measures in Waldenström macroglobulinaemia: A real‐world data analysis from the WMUK Rory Morrison Registry
Authors: Khwaja Jahanzaib , Uppal Encarl , Bristogiannis Sotirios , McCarthy Helen , Kothari Jaimal , Rismani Ali , Scorer Harriet , Nicholson Jane , El‐Sharkawi Dima , D'Sa Shirley , Kyriakou Charalampia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWaldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM) is an incurable chronic B‐cell malignancy, but highly responsive to treatment. Treatments include fixed‐duration chemotherapy and continuous oral chemoimmunotherapy. In this expanding field, it is important to have reliable information on the impact of the various therapies on patients’ quality of life (QoL). Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly recognised as important to understand patient experience of disease beyond traditional clinical outcome measures. Four QoL questionnaires (EORTC QLQ‐C30 [European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life core questionnaire], BIPQ [Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire], HADS [Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale], EQ‐5D‐5L [EuroQoL 5‐dimensional descriptive system questionnaire]) are embedded in the UK national WM registry, the Rory Morrison Registry. We reviewed the results from a snapshot of PROMs. As of November 2021, 155 patients completed PROM data with 98% completion rate across all 58 questions. Complete clinical information was available for 52 patients. The majority of QoL questions (69%) failed to elicit a notable median response. Only four questions elicited statistically significant responses when comparing groups, and these were exclusively found in the EuroQoL‐5D‐5L and HADS questionnaires. Our data suggest that widely used questionnaires may not be suitable for patients with WM. We advocate the development of WM‐specific outcome measures to overcome this.
Automated MR Image Prescription of the Liver Using Deep Learning: Development, Evaluation, and Prospective Implementation
Authors: Geng Ruiqi , Buelo Collin J. , Sundaresan Mahalakshmi , Starekova Jitka , Panagiotopoulos Nikolaos , Oechtering Thekla H. , Lawrence Edward M. , Ignaciuk Marcin , Reeder Scott B. , Hernando Diego 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundThere is an unmet need for fully automated image prescription of the liver to enable efficient, reproducible MRI.PurposeTo develop and evaluate artificial intelligence (AI)‐based liver image prescription.Study TypeProspective.PopulationA total of 570 female/469 male patients (age: 56 ± 17 years) with 72%/8%/20% assigned randomly for training/validation/testing; two female/four male healthy volunteers (age: 31 ± 6 years).Field Strength/Sequence1.5 T, 3.0 T; spin echo, gradient echo, bSSFP.AssessmentA total of 1039 three‐plane localizer acquisitions (26,929 slices) from consecutive clinical liver MRI examinations were retrieved retrospectively and annotated by six radiologists. The localizer images and manual annotations were used to train an object‐detection convolutional neural network (YOLOv3) to detect multiple object classes (liver, torso, and arms) across localizer image orientations and to output corresponding 2D bounding boxes. Whole‐liver image prescription in standard orientations was obtained based on these bounding boxes. 2D detection performance was evaluated on test datasets by calculating intersection over union (IoU) between manual and automated labeling. 3D prescription accuracy was calculated by measuring the boundary mismatch in each dimension and percentage of manual volume covered by AI prescription. The automated prescription was implemented on a 3 T MR system and evaluated prospectively on healthy volunteers.Statistical TestsPaired t‐tests (threshold = 0.05) were conducted to evaluate significance of performance difference between trained networks.ResultsIn 208 testing datasets, the proposed method with full network had excellent agreement with manual annotations, with median IoU > 0.91 (interquartile range < 0.09) across all seven classes. The automated 3D prescription was accurate, with shifts <2.3 cm in superior/inferior dimension for 3D axial prescription for 99.5% of test datasets, comparable to radiologists' interreader reproducibility. The full network had significantly superior performance than the tiny network for 3D axial prescription in patients. Automated prescription performed well across single‐shot fast spin‐echo, gradient‐echo, and balanced steady‐state free‐precession sequences in the prospective study.Data ConclusionAI‐based automated liver image prescription demonstrated promising performance across the patients, pathologies, and field strengths studied.Evidence Level4.Technical EfficacyStage 1.
A new method for segmentation and analysis of bone callus in rodent fracture models using micro‐CT
Authors: Hopkinson Mark , Jones Gareth , Evans Lucinda , Gohin Stephanie , Magnusdottir Ran , Salmon Phil , Chenu Chantal , Meeson Richard , Javaheri Behzad , Pitsillides Andrew A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFracture burden has created a need to better understand bone repair processes under different pathophysiological states. Evaluation of structural and material properties of the mineralized callus, which is integral to restoring biomechanical stability is, therefore, vital. Microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) can facilitate noninvasive imaging of fracture repair, however, current methods for callus segmentation are only semiautomated, restricted to defined regions, time/labor intensive, and prone to user variation. Herein, we share a new automatic method for segmenting callus in micro‐CT tomograms that will allow for objective, quantitative analysis of the bone fracture microarchitecture. Fractured and nonfractured mouse femurs were scanned and processed by both manual and automated segmentation of fracture callus from cortical bone after which microarchitectural parameters were analyzed. All segmentation and analysis steps were performed using CTAn (Bruker) with automatic segmentation performed using the software's image‐processing plugins. Results showed automatic segmentation reliably and consistently segmented callus from cortical bone, demonstrating good agreement with manual methods with low bias: tissue volume (TV): −0.320 mm3, bone volume (BV): 0.0358 mm3, and bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV): −3.52%, and was faster and eliminated user‐bias and variation. Method scalability and translatability across rodent models were verified in scans of fractured rat femora showing good agreement with manual methods with low bias: TV: −3.654 mm3, BV: 0.830 mm3, and BV/TV: 7.81%. Together, these data validate a new automated method for segmentation of callus and cortical bone in micro‐CT tomograms that we share as a fast, reliable, and less user‐dependent tool for application to study bone callus in fracture, and potentially elsewhere.
In vitro anti‐obesity activity by pancreatic lipase inhibition ‐ Simple HPLC approach using EVOO as natural substrate
Authors: Blasi Francesca , Ianni Federica , Mangiapelo Luciano , Pinna Nicola , Cossignani Lina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic lipase (PL) is a key lipolytic enzyme in humans for the digestion and absorption of dietary fats. Thereby, PL is a well‐recognized target in the management of obesity and its inhibition attracts the interest of researchers globally. The screening of new natural PL inhibitors as alternative strategy to the synthesis of chemical ones represents nowadays a hot topic in research. The main challenge in this matter is the lack of a universal analytical method allowing the monitoring of PL activity and the reliable quantification of lipid digestion products.ResultsThe (normal phase)‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐evaporative light scattering detector [(NP)‐HPLC‐ELSD] method proposed in this work represents a direct and rapid strategy to simultaneously quantify the products obtained from in vitro PL digestion. As one of the main novelties, the triacylglycerol (TAG) fraction from extra‐virgin olive oil was selected as natural substrate. The PL activity was measured by monitoring the levels of remaining TAGs and formed free fatty acids (FFAs), using Orlistat as known inhibitor. The method validation confirmed the adequacy of the analytical method for quantitative purposes, showing high recovery percentage values (between 99% and 103%) and low relative standard deviation (RSD%) values (between 2% and 7%) for triolein and oleic acid standard solutions, as well as appreciably low limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values (respectively 58 and 177 ng mL−1 for triolein; 198 and 602 ng mL−1 for oleic acid). Finally, the developed HPLC‐ELSD method was successfully applied to evaluate the inhibitory effect of a polyphenolic extract obtained from apple pomace. The results showed a comparable inhibition degree between a 4.0 mg mL−1 apple pomace solution and a 1.0 μg mL−1 Orlistat solution.ConclusionThe proposed innovative method reveals highly sensitive and simple to follow the fate of PL digestion, thus opening the way to further investigations in the research of new potentially anti‐obesity compounds. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Floquet–Mie Theory for Time‐Varying Dispersive Spheres
Authors: Ptitcyn Grigorii , Lamprianidis Aristeidis , Karamanos Theodosios , Asadchy Viktar , Alaee Rasoul , Müller Marvin , Albooyeh Mohammad , Mirmoosa Mohammad Sajjad , Fan Shanhui , Tretyakov Sergei , Rockstuhl Carsten 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExploring the interaction of light with time‐varying media is an intellectual challenge that, in addition to fundamental aspects, provides a pathway to multiple promising applications. Time modulation constitutes here a fundamental handle to control light on entirely different grounds. That holds particularly for complex systems simultaneously structured in space and time. However, a realistic description of time‐varying materials requires considering their material dispersion. The combination thereof has barely been considered but is crucial since dispersion accompanies materials suitable for dynamic modulation. As a canonical scattering problem from which many general insights can be obtained, a self‐consistent analytical theory of light scattering by a sphere made from a time‐varying material exemplarily assumed to have a Lorentzian dispersion is developed and applied. The eigensolutions of Maxwell's equations in the bulk are discussed and a dedicated Mie theory is presented. The proposed theory is verified with full‐wave simulations. Peculiar effects are disclosed, such as energy transfer from the time‐modulation subsystem to the electromagnetic field, amplifying carefully structured incident fields. Since many phenomena can be studied on analytical grounds with the proposed formalism, it represents an indispensable tool that enables exploration of electromagnetic phenomena in time‐varying and spatially structured finite objects of other geometries.
Measurement of lymphatic vessel depth using photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Suzuki Yushi , Kajita Hiroki , Urano Moemi , Watanabe Shiho , Otaki Marika , Takatsume Yoshifumi , Sakuma Hisashi , Imanishi Nobuaki , Kishi Kazuo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesInformation regarding the depth of lymphatic vessel is important for lymphatic surgeons because rapid identification of functional lymphatic vessels and veins is necessary to perform good lymphaticovenular anastomosis, which is a surgical procedure for lymphedema cases. Photoacoustic lymphangiography (PAL) may be useful for such identification because it allows the assessment of the depth of lymphatic vessels. Thus, we aimed to measure the lymphatic vessel depth using images obtained by PAL.MethodsThis study included healthy individuals and patients with lymphedema. In all participants, indocyanine green dissolved in dextrose was injected subcutaneously into the first and fourth webs of the foot and the lateral malleolus, and PAL was performed on the medial side of the lower leg. The lymphatic vessel depth was measured from the ankle joint, 10 cm above the medial malleolus, and 20 cm above the medial malleolus on PAL in the cross‐sectional view and was compared between the participant groups.ResultsThe healthy group (mean age, 43.3 ± 12.9 years) included 21 limbs of 4 male and 16 female healthy individuals (bilateral limbs of 1 patient were considered). The lymphedema group (mean age, 62.0 ± 11.7 years) included 17 limbs of 3 male and 14 female patients with lymphedema. The average lymphatic vessel depths from the ankle joint, 10 cm above the medial malleolus, and 20 cm above the medial malleolus were 2.6, 4.7, and 5.6 mm in the healthy group and 3.6, 7.3, and 7.4 mm in the lymphedema group, respectively. Lymphatic vessels were significantly deeper in the lymphedema group than in the healthy group at all measurement locations.ConclusionsUsing PAL, we determined the lymphatic vessel depth in living bodies. By searching for the lymphatic vessels based on our findings, even surgeons who are relatively inexperienced with lymphatic surgery may be able to identify functional lymphatic vessels more efficiently.
A 1.62‐W passively Q‐switch Tm3+‐doped laser with a Bi2O2Se saturable absorber
Authors: Zhang Rui , Xun Jiaqi , Shao Mingyu , Ma Hongzhang , Sun Xinghong , Tian Fengjun , Shi Zechang , Yang Xiaotao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA saturable absorber based on a novel two‐dimensional (2D) material Bi2O2Se was placed in a resonator with an overall longest diameter of 31 mm to achieve efficient operation of a passively Q‐switched (PQS) Tm:YAP laser for the first time. In PQS mode, a 1.62‐W average output power with a pulse width of 1.24 µs and a pulse repetition of frequency of 112.1 kHz was achieved at the pump power of 22.2 W, corresponding to a peak power of 11.66 W. As a novel 2D material, the results show the potential of Bi2O2Se as a photomodulator in the 2 µm spectral range.
Compact design of monopole antenna for SWB application with high BDR
Authors: Khan Imran , Qiu Hongbing , Rahman Saeed U. , Ahmad Tariq 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a simple and compact monopole antenna with a high bandwidth ratio (BDR) of around is investigated for super wideband (SWB) applications. Using an F4B substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.65, loss tangent of 0.002, and connecting it to a triangular tapered 50‐Ohm line, the suggested antenna achieves its performance objectives. The proposed antenna has an electrical dimension of 0.14λ × 0.22λ and spans the SWB frequency range of 2.89–60 GHz with a 181.5% fractional bandwidth and reflection coefficient S11 < −10 dB. It has been revealed that the results of both experiments and simulations are remarkably similar to one another in terms of their conclusions. In comparison to other SWB antennas, the suggested antenna has a greater BDR, a larger bandwidth, and a more compact size. Apart from that, the antenna has good gain and good radiation characteristics over the whole operational frequency range.
A diode‐pumped SnS2 passively Q‐switched Tm‐doped pulsed laser
Authors: Shi Zechang , Sun Xinghong , Xun Jiaqi , Xie Wenqiang , Zhou Long , Ma Hongzhang , Shao Mingyu , Tian Fengjun , Yang Xiaotao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this research, a diode‐pumped SnS2 passively Q‐switched (PQS) V‐type Tm‐doped pulsed laser was demonstrated. The continuous‐wave (CW) condition without SnS2 saturable absorber (SA) was investigated first. A maximum output power of 1.26W with a slope efficiency of 24.28% was derived at an absorbed pump power of 7.11W under an output coupling of 5%. With the as‐prepared SnS2 SA employed, a series of stable Q‐switched (QS) pulse trains were successfully realized. A minimum pulse width of 3.061 μs and a maximum repetition frequency of 70.42 kHz were generated through an output coupling of 5%, corresponding to a maximum output power of 621 mW. The delivered highest peak power and maximum single pulse energy were 2.90W and 12.41 μJ under an output coupling of 2.5%, respectively. These findings indicated that SnS2 was a promising modulator for 2 μm all‐solid‐state pulsed laser generation.
Monte Carlo‐derived 99mTc uptake quantification with commercial planar MBI: Absolute tumor activity
Authors: Lopez Benjamin P. , Kappadath Srinivas Cheenu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundMolecular breast imaging (MBI) of 99mTc‐sestamibi is an emerging adjunct qualitative tool in the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer.PurposeThis work outlines the development and performance evaluation of a methodology to absolutely quantify tumor 99mTc activity uptake using a commercially available dual‐headed MBI system by implementing corrections for background, scatter, attenuation, and detector characteristics.MethodsA validated Monte Carlo application of a commercial MBI system was used to simulate over 7000 unique acquisitions of spherical and ellipsoidal tumors in breast tissue. Tumor absolute activity was calculated following background, scatter, and attenuation corrections of tumor region of interest counts. The methodology was first optimized using a set of high‐uptake spherical tumors, and its accuracy and precision was then assessed in a set of spherical tumors with clinical uptake conditions. Finally, the performance of the activity methodology was evaluated under various bias and uncertainty conditions to better characterize the technique under expected clinical measurement conditions.ResultsIn a test set of images with clinically relevant contrast and noise conditions, the mean ± standard deviation relative error in total tumor activity was 0.5% ± 6.5% (n = 2363) under ideal measurement conditions. Allowing for variability in tumor and background contours and in estimated tumor depths, the expected accuracy of the methodology in clinical practice was 0.5% ± 11.1% (n = 2363), with minimal loss of accuracy for ellipsoidal tumors.ConclusionsPlanar MBI photopeak images acquired with standard‐of‐care protocols can be used to accurately quantify absolute tumor 99mTc activity with an accuracy and precision of 0.5% ± 11.1%. The reported precision was based on a comprehensive evaluation of random errors and systematic biases.
Development of a compact linear accelerator to generate ultrahigh dose rate high‐energy X‐rays for FLASH radiotherapy applications
Authors: Liu Focheng , Shi Jiaru , Zha Hao , Li Guohua , Li An , Gu Weihang , Hu Ankang , Gao Qiang , Wang Haokun , Zhang Liang , Liu Jinsheng , Liu Yaohong , Xu Huijun , Tang Chuanxiang , Chen Huaibi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeIn recent years, the FLASH effect, in which ultrahigh dose rate (UHDR) radiotherapy (RT) can significantly reduce toxicity to normal tissue while maintaining antitumor efficacy, has been verified in many studies and even applied in human clinical cases. This work evaluates whether a room‐temperature radio‐frequency (RF) linear accelerator (linac) system can produce UHDR high‐energy X‐rays exceeding a dose rate of 40 Gy/s at a clinical source‐surface distance (SSD), exploring the possibility of a compact and economical clinical FLASH RT machine suitable for most hospital treatmentrooms.MethodsA 1.65 m long S‐band backward‐traveling‐wave (BTW) electron linac was developed to generate high‐current electron beams, supplied by a commercial klystron‐based power source. A tungsten‐copper electron‐to‐photon conversion target for UHDR X‐rays was designed and optimized with Monte Carlo (MC) simulations using Geant4 and thermal finite element analysis (FEA) simulations using ANSYS. EBT3 and EBT‐XD radiochromic films, which were calibrated with a clinical machine Varian VitalBeam, were used for absolute dose measurements. A PTW ionization chamber detector was used to measure the relative total dose and a plane‐parallel ionization chamber detector was used to measure the relative normalized dose of each pulse.ResultsThe BTW linac generated 300‐mA‐pulse‐current 11 MeV electron beams with 29 kW mean beam power, and the conversion target could sustain this high beam power within a maximum irradiation duration of 0.75 s. The mean energy of the produced X‐rays was 1.66 MeV in the MC simulation. The measured flat‐filter‐free (FFF) maximum mean dose rate of the room‐temperature linac exceeded 80 Gy/s at an SSD of 50 cm and 45 Gy/s at an SSD of 67.9 cm, both at a 2.1 cm depth of the water phantom. The FFF radiation fields at 50 cm and 67.9 cm SSD at a 2.1 cm depth of the water phantom showed Gaussian‐like distributions with 14.3 and 20 cm full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) values, respectively.ConclusionThis work demonstrated the feasibility of UHDR X‐rays produced by a room‐temperature RF linac, and explored the further optimization of system stability. It shows that a simple and compact UHDR X‐ray solution can be facilitated for both FLASH‐RT scientific research and clinical applications.
Hochschulpraktika – Cholesterin aus Hirn
Authors: Täuscher Eric , Freiberger Emma 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCholesterin hat es bis in den Alltagssprachgebrauch gebracht. Allein deshalb ist es für Praktika im Chemiestudium ein interessanter Vertreter der Steroide. Zudem ist es einfach zu gewinnen.
Trendbericht Festkörperchemie 2023
Authors: Suta Markus , Thiele Günther 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDie Kristallstruktur von Kohlensäure; multifunktionale Mofs; beschichtete Kugelmühlen für katalytische Anwendungen; nitridische Analoga der Glimmergruppe, die bei Raumtemperatur leuchten; intermetallische Verbindungen für elektrochemische Methanoloxidation und mehr.
Künstliche Photosyntheseprozesse: Kupplungsreaktionen mit CO2
Authors: Pospech Jola , Mayer Thea S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFür Pflanzen ein Leichtes, für Chemiker:innen eine Herausforderung: die stoffliche Umwandlung von Kohlenstoffdioxid. Dabei gibt es bereits Ansätze, Kohlenstoffdioxid als Substrat zu nutzen – sowohl in Homokupplungsreaktionen als auch in Reaktionen mit C‐, N‐ und O‐Nukleophilen. Beispiele der letzten fünf Jahre.
NMR‐Spektroskopie – Von Kriminalistik über Prozessanalytik bis zur Petrochemie
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWährend Analysengeräte vielfach in Miniaturausführung verfügbar sind, beanspruchten NMR‐Systeme bisher viel Stellplatz. Das ändert sich jetzt. Kleinere Geräte und erschwingliche Preise eröffnen neue Anwendungen.
25. Tag der Organischen Chemie an der Universität Stuttgart
Authors: Laschat Sabine 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDie Corona‐Pandemie hat persönliche Kontakte und das Knüpfen von Netzwerken zwischen Doktoranden, Hochschullehrern und Industrievertretern trotz Online‐Meetings erschwert. Daher bot der diesjährige Tag der Organischen Chemie an der Universität Stuttgart (Tocus) ein willkommenes Forum zum wissenschaftlichen Austausch. Mitte Oktober stellten zwölf Doktoranden ihre Forschungsergebnisse in Kurzvorträgen vor.
A meshless finite point method for the improved Boussinesq equation using stabilized moving least squares approximation and Richardson extrapolation
Authors: Li Xiaolin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA meshless finite point method (FPM) is developed in this paper for the numerical solution of the nonlinear improved Boussinesq equation. A time discrete technique is used to approximate time derivatives, and then a linearized procedure is presented to deal with the nonlinearity. To achieve stable convergence numerical results in space, the stabilized moving least squares approximation is used to obtain the shape function, and then the FPM is adopted to establish the linear system of discrete algebraic equations. To enhance the accuracy and convergence order in time, the Richardson extrapolation is finally incorporated into the FPM. Numerical results show that the FPM is fourth‐order accuracy in both space and time and can obtain highly accurate results in simulating the propagation of a single solitary wave, the interaction of two solitary waves, the solitary wave break‐up and the solution blow‐up phenomena.