bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computed tomography requisitions among children and young adults in sub-Saharan Africa: are we doing it right?
Authors: Kisembo Harriet Nalubega , Malumba Richard , Nsereko Ezra Kato , Babirye Deborah , Nassanga Ritah , Ameda Faith , Malwadde Elsie-Kiguli , Rutebemberwa Elizeus , Kasasa Simon , Salama Dina Husseiny , Kawooya Michael Grace 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background

The advances in diagnostic technology such as the Helical Multi-Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) have improved the outcome of several diseases, especially in emergencies and children. However, the upsurge in utilization is associated with global unjustified CT procedures, 10-30% of which are performed among children. MDCT imparts relatively high radiation doses with increased risk of radiation induced cancers and wastage of imaging resources. This is a radiation and public health concern in low resource setting especially sub-Saharan Africa, which has a youthful population.
Quality improvement in medical imaging requires measuring compliance of imaging-referrers’ ordering practice behavior against an evidence-based tool such as clinical imaging guidelines. To the best of our knowledge, there is paucity of such studies in the sub-Saharan Africa. This study therefore aimed at determining the frequency and proportion of inappropriate requisitions for commonly performed CT examinations among children and young adults.

Methods

This was a retrospective review for CT requisition forms (CTRFs) for patients aged 35 years and below from 6 hospital-based CT units performed from 1st July 2018 to 31st December 2018. The level of appropriateness for each request was determined using the online Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC)” ESR iGuide

Results

A total of 931 CTRFs were assessed, 80% of which were head CT scans. Overall, 34.5% CTRFS were inappropriate. Inappropriate Ct requisition was significant associated with the category of hospital, age, non-trauma indication, the anatomical scan region, and the non- use of contrast media agent. A total of 40(4.3%) CTRFs were not categorized because of insufficient clinical information

Conclusions

The findings show significant levels of performed CT procedures, especially for head region, non-traumatic and non-contrasted among adult patients could be avoided or replaced by procedures that use less or non-ionizing radiation.
What is now needed is a pilot study (ies) to investigate causes of inappropriate use of diagnostic imaging and evaluate the effects of some strategies such as education, training and the use of CIGs on such clinical practices in low resource setting
Identification of defense related transcripts in robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) in response to infestation by coffee white stem borer (Xylotrechus quadripes) using forward subtracted suppression subtractive hybridization library
Authors: Santosh P , Bharathi Kosaraju , Sreen Hosahalli 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCoffea arabica L (arabica), the most widely cultivated coffee species is susceptible to Xylotrechus quadripes (coffee white stem borer - CWSB), while C. canephora Pierre (robusta) the only other commercially cultivated coffee species is resistant to CWSB. We constructed a forward subtracted suppression subtractive hybridization (fSSH) cDNA library from bark tissue of C. canephora Cv CxR experimentally infested with CWSB larvae towards understanding the genetic mechanism of resistance. The library provided 292 unique transcripts (expressed sequence tags - ESTs). While 272 ESTs were from C. canephora, 20 ESTs were from X. quadripes. Transcripts from C. canephora matched 204 genes, 4 pseudogenes and 4 lncRNA, several of which are considered to be involved in mounting defense reactions against CWSB or in repairing or mitigating the damage caused by the pest. Most striking finding was overwhelming presence of transcripts of Cc08_g08430 isoleucine N-monooxygenase 2 like gene belonging to CYP79 family. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT PCR) revealed that the gene was strongly induced by CWSB infestation. We obtained complete cDNA sequence, as well as, 593 bp upstream sequence of the gene. The CYP79 proteins are known to be involved in the biosynthetic pathways leading to at least 3 well known groups of plant defense compounds against herbivory – viz., cyanogenic glucosides, glucosinolates and herbivore induced volatile compounds. The Cc08_g08430 isoleucine N monooxygenase 2 like gene (CYP79) is predicted to be involved in one of these biosynthetic pathways and a strong candidate for defense reaction of robusta against CWSB.
Image Caption Generation For Blind Users Of Social Media Websites
Authors: SS Roshan Adhithya , M Priyadharshini , Kalinathan Lekshmi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Emerging fields such as Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), Ecommerce platforms like Amazon, Ebay etc and Social media sites make use of images with text information for creating immersive experiences, selling products and sharing posts. Generating captions from these images has large potential effects, such as descriptions associated with medical images, text-based image retrieval, information accessed for visually impaired users, human-robot interaction etc. Existing image captioning systems fail to recognize the text on the image which leads to loss of context information such as additional information regarding location, poster contents, product specifications etc. The objective of our proposed system is to design a model that would generate a brief description for a given image at a semantic level using Clip-GPT2 and OCR techniques along with a sentence fusion model BART, for an image with text. Capturing text within images during caption generation outperforms the existing models, with a Rogue value of 81.66. Thus our system helps communicate the contextual information of an image to a visually impaired user as an informative textual description.
Cost-effectiveness of 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine compared with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine among adults in a Norwegian setting
Authors: Mikkelsen Malene Buch , Husby Oyvind , Molden Tor , Mwaura David Ngaruiya , Olsen Jens , Kristensen Nanna Vestergaard , Vietri Jeffrey 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background The morbidity and mortality of adult diseases caused by S. pneumoniae increase with age and presence of underlying chronic diseases. Currently, two vaccine technologies against S. pneumoniae are used: the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) and the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, one of which is the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) that has recently been approved for adults.Objective This study was conducted to investigate the cost-effectiveness of implementing PCV20 in a reimbursement scheme for Norwegian adults aged 18–99 years at risk of pneumococcal diseases and those aged 65 years and older at low risk compared to PPV23.Methods A Markov model was developed and adapted to a Norwegian setting to estimate the economic and clinical consequences of vaccinating the Norwegian population in specific age and risk groups against pneumococcal diseases. Inputs for the model were found in Norwegian or Danish real-world evidence or retrieved from available studies. The costs and clinical outcomes were assessed using a health sector perspective and a lifetime time horizon.Results The results showed that PCV20 was associated with better health outcomes including fewer disease cases, fewer disease-attributable fatalities, a higher gain of life years and quality-adjusted life years compared to PPV23. In addition, PCV20 had a lower total cost compared to PPV23. Therefore, PCV20 was the dominant vaccination strategy. The base case result was investigated in multiple sensitivity analyses, which showed that the results were robust to changes in input parameters and methodological assumptions, as PCV20 remained the dominant vaccination strategy in almost all scenarios.Conclusion Results showed that vaccinating the Norwegian adults with PCV20 was cost-effective compared to PPV23.
Research on remote-field eddy current focusing method for detecting hidden defects in aircraft riveted components
Authors: Wang Rongbiao , Bao Boxuan , Wang Wentao , Zhang Min , Liu Lina , Song Kai 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Most of the aircraft skin is assembled by riveted structural parts, and the riveted holes are prone to cracks due to stress concentration, so it is urgent to carry out non-destructive testing research on aircraft riveted components. In this paper, a planar remote-field eddy current focusing detection probe was designed to study the hidden defects around the holes of aircraft riveted components, and a three-dimensional simulation model was established for the detection of hidden defects in aircraft riveted components. The structural parameters of the focused remote-field eddy current probe were optimized by combining simulation and experiment, and the planar remote-field eddy current focusing detection test was carried out. The simulation and results showed that: When the inclination angle of the excitation coil is 10° and the coil spacing is 0mm, the optimized focused remote-field eddy current probe can effectively detect the defect in length × width × depth of 10mm×0.2mm×1mm under the buried depth of 9mm. When the buried depth of the defect is 6mm-9mm, the focused remote-field eddy current probe has a better detection ability than the non-focused remote-field eddy current probe.
Experimental investigation on fracturing effects in hydraulic sand fracturing with acoustic emission and 3d laser scanning
Authors: Zhang Shuhui , Wang Chenghu , Zhu Guangpei , Gao Guiyun , Zhou Hao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Due to the extremely low permeability of shale reservoirs, large-scale reservoir fracturing is required. Hydraulic fracturing is one of the most important technologies in shale gas exploration and development. In this paper, the acoustic emission energy and the number of location and fracture surface morphology of specimens before and after fracture are studied through hydraulic sand fracturing test. The test results show that: (1) the energy ratio obtained during hydraulic fracturing without proppant is the smallest, and increasing the confining pressure, as well as reducing the displacement and viscosity of the fracturing fluid will cause the energy ratio to decrease. From the perspective of acoustic emission energy, the proppant play an important role in the generation of fractures during hydraulic sand fracturing; (2) when the confining pressure increases, the number of shale specimens before and after rupture is the largest, but the total number of locating events is smaller than the sanding ratio increased; there is no proppant hydraulic fracturing, the number of specimens before and after the rupture is the largest. And the total number reached the minimum, indicating that the proppant can play an important role in the hydraulic sand fracturing test; (3) the sand is relatively large, the specific surface and standard deviation both reach the maximum, indicating that the fracture surface roughness is the largest under the test condition, and the fracturing effect is the best, but the specific surface and standard deviation are the minimum when fracturing without proppant, so indicating that the fracture surface fracturing effect is the worst at this time.
Triad interactions investigated by dual vortex shedding
Authors: Buchhave Preben , Ren Mengjia , Velte Clara 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The study of the exchange of momentum and energy between wave components of the turbulent velocity field, the so-called triad interactions, offers a unique way of visualizing and describing turbulence. Most often, this study has been carried out by Direct Numerical Simulations or by power spectral measurements. Due to the complexity of the problem and the great range of velocity scales in high Reynolds number developed turbulence, direct measurements of the interaction between the individual wave components have been rare. In the present work, we therefore present measurements and related computer simulations of triad interactions between controlled wave components injected into an approximately laminar and uniform flow from an open wind tunnel by vortex shedding from two rods suspended into the flow. This well-defined vortex shedding approximates well a two-dimensional flow, which makes the analysis of the triadic interactions considerably less complex to analyze than in a fully developed spatially three-dimensional flow. With the information obtained from the simulations, we are hereby able to isolate and display the individual triad interactions taking place as the flow develops downstream as well as the strengths of these interactions. The experiments provide the time constants governing the development of higher order frequency components. The combination of these experiments and simulations provide unique insight into the inner workings of turbulence and shows how the nonlinear term in the Navier-Stokes equation on average forces the energy towards higher frequencies, which is the reason for the so-called energy cascade.
Paravertebral muscle changes in patients with single-stage L4-5 disc herniation based on Michigan State University (MSU) classification
Authors: Du Peiyu , Zhang Yongwang , Cao Xuhao , Liu Yuelin , Yan Yuntao , Liu Lu , Du Shuangqing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study is to explore the morphological differences of Paravertebral muscle in patients with only L4-5 lumbar disc herniation (LDH) under different Michigan State University (MSU) classification, so as to better reveal the relationship between LDH and paravertebral muscle, so as to further reveal the causative causes and guide the treatment of LDH.Methods The study included 160 patients including 39 normal patients and 121 patients with single level L4-5 LDH. Patients with LDH were grouped according to MSU classification and compared to the normal group according to the demographic and Imaging change.Results In patients with L4-5 herniation in Zone B, the FI of ES muscle at L3-4 level, L4-5 level and L5-S1 level was higher than that of normal people (P = 0.018, P = 0.043, P = 0.010), and there was no difference between FI of MF and normal people. The Zone B patients also have a smaller CSA of ES muscle at L45 level than that in the normal group (P = 0.049). Patients in Zone C group were older than those in normal group (P = 0.014). While the CSA of the PM of patients with Grade 3 herniation is different from that of the normal group at the L4-5, L5-S1 level. They were higher than normal people at L4-5 level (P = 0.011) and lower at L5-S1 level (P = 0.028).Conclusion In patients with L4-5 herniation in Zone B, the FI of ES at L3-S1 level was higher than normal, and the CSA at L4-5 level was smaller than normal. In patients with Grade3 herniation, PM CSA is large at L4-5 level and small at L5-S1 level than normal people.
Analysis of the correlation between the expression of non-classical E2F transcription factor 8 (E2F8) in pan-cancer and prognosis and immune infiltration
Authors: LIAN Yong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Despite emerging cell-or animal-based evidence supporting a relationship between E2F8 and cancer, a pan-cancer analysis has not been performed. By integrating various databases containing transcriptome, prognosis, and immune-related data, such as gene expression matrices, this study utilized the ESTIMATE algorithms and R program package to comprehensively investigate the pathogenic implications of E2F8 in diverse tumors. Multiple aspects were explored, including gene expression, survival analysis, gene variation, immune infiltration, and co-expression pathway analysis. The results of the analysis demonstrated that the expression of E2F8 differed significantly in 23 types of tumors as compared to normal tissues, and was also linked to unfavorable prognosis in some cancer patients. Additionally, the E2F8 gene showed a considerable frequency of mutation, particularly at the P56L/S site. Furthermore, in several tumors, E2F8 was found to be significantly correlated with immune scores and the infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with undiagnosed hypertension among adults aged 15 – 49 in India: insights from NFHS-5 national survey
Authors: Sahadevan Pravin , Sasidharan Akhil , Bagepally Bhavani Shankara , Pal Anita , Kumari Dolly , Kaur Prabhdeep , Murhekar Manoj , Kamal Vineet Kumar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Undiagnosed Hypertension, especially among adults, is a significant public health concern, considering its long-term complications. We have estimated the prevalence and factors associated with undiagnosed hypertension in India. We used data from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5, 2019-21) to estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension among individuals aged between 15 to49) years. A log-binomial model with survey-adjusted Poisson regression was used to estimate the prevalence ratio between undiagnosed and diagnosed hypertension. Multinomial logistic regression analysis examined the factors associated with diagnosed hypertension (vs healthy) and undiagnosed hypertension (vs healthy). All the analyses were survey-weight adjusted and stratified by gender. Results are reported with 95% confidence intervals. The survey-adjusted prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was 8.75% (8.62% to 8.87%) and was higher among males [13.56% (13.03% to 14.12%)] than in females [8.14% (8.03% to 8.25%)]. The proportion of individuals with undiagnosed hypertension among total hypertension was 44.99% (44.44% to 45.55%) and is higher in males [65.94% (64.25% to 67.60%)] than in females [42.18% (41.66% to 42.71%)]. Increasing age, higher body mass index, access to health care, and having comorbidities were risk factors for undiagnosed for hypertension. One in twelve people had undiagnosed hypertension, and of those with hypertension, one in two were undiagnosed, with males being disproportionately affected. Targeted public health interventions are crucial to improve hypertension screening, particularly among middle-aged and obese individuals without comorbidities. The findings also reveal disparities in hypertension burden among population subgroups in India, underscoring the need for targeted efforts.
Cuproptosis-related Gene Slc31a1 Expression Correlates With the Prognosis and Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Glioma
Authors: Wang Jun , Li Shenglun , Guo Yuduo , Zhao Chao , Chen Yujia , Ning Weihai , Yang Jingjing , Zhang Hongwei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Cuproptosis is a newly discovered form of cell death. It's regulated by a string of genes. The genes are identified to influence the tumor progression, but in glioma, the cuproptosis-related genes are little studied.Method The Cancer Genome Atlas and The Genotype-Tissue Expression were used to screen for SLC31A1 gene expression in glioma and healthy tissue samples. The results were validated using the Gene Expression Omnibus and real-time quantitative PCR. The Human Protein Atlas and The National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium were used to validate our results at the protein level. Multivariable analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to examine the relationship between SLC31A1 gene expression, clinical parameters, and survival rates. The online Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins was used to find the genes and proteins that correlate to SLC31A1. The immune infiltration analysis was performed using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource databases.Results The glioma patients have higher SLC31A1 expression levels, which increase as the WHO grade escalates. The survival analysis illustrates that the SLC31A1 gene expression negatively correlates with OS, PFS, and DSS. The immune infiltration analysis shows the SLC31A1 gene positively correlates with Th2 cells, Macrophages, and M2 type macrophages and negatively correlates with pDC cells, NK CD56bright cells, and CD8 T cells.Conclusion The SLC31A1 gene expression can shorten the survival time of glioma patients. It also can promote the formation of a tumor-suppressive microenvironment.
Disulfidptosis-associated Long Non-Coding RNA signature predicts the prognosis, tumor microenvironment, and immunotherapy and chemotherapy options in colon adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xue Weijie , Qiu Kang , Dong Bingzi , Guo Dong , Fu Junhua , Zhu Chengzhan , Niu Zhaojian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Disulfidptosis is independent of apoptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis and is associated with cancer progression, treatment response, and prognosis. However, the predictive potential of disulfidptosis-associated lncRNAs in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and their features in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) require further elucidation.
Methods: RNA transcriptome, clinical information, and mutation data of COAD samples were obtained from the TCGA database. The risk model was first constructed by co-expression analysis of disulfidptosis genes and lncRNAs, and prognostic lncRNAs were screened using Cox regression, followed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis. Enrichment analyses were performed to explore the underlying biological functions and signaling of model-associated differentially expressed genes (MADEGs). Moreover, TIME of MADEGs was analyzed to assess the immunotherapy. Finally, the expression levels of the lncRNAs were verified by taking specimens of patients with COAD from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University.
Results: We constructed a prognosis-related risk model based on four disulfidptosis-associated lncRNAs (ZEB1-AS1, SNHG16, SATB2-AS1, and ALMS1-IT1). By analyzing the survival of patients in the whole, training, and test groups, we found that patients with COAD in the low-risk group had better overall survival than those in the high-risk group. Validation of the model via Cox analysis and clinical indicators demonstrated that the model had a decent potential for predicting the prognosis of patients with COAD. Enrichment analyses revealed that the MADEGs were related to disulfidptosis-associated biological functions and cancer pathways. Furthermore, patients with COAD in the high-risk group had more positive responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) than those in the low-risk group, as confirmed by TIME analysis. ZEB1-AS1, SNHG16, and ALMS1-IT1 were expressed at higher levels in tumor samples than those in the corresponding paracancerous samples (p < 0.05), whereas SATB2-AS1 was upregulated in the paracancerous samples (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: This signature may guide prognosis, molecular mechanisms, and treatment strategies, including ICIs and chemotherapy, in patients with COAD.