bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional capital flow and capital allocation efficiency of high‐tech enterprises in China
Authors: Xu Ke , Li Jian , Geng Chengxuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFrom the perspective of capital flow, the study analyses the preference and spatial difference of capital flow of high‐tech enterprises, and uses the Super‐SBM‐DEA model to analyze the capital allocation efficiency. On this basis, the influence of capital flow of financial institutions, capital market, government, and foreign capital flow on capital allocation efficiency is further analyzed. We found the influence of different channels of capital flow on the capital allocation efficiency is heterogeneous. Finally, suggestions are made to optimize capital flow and improve the capital allocation efficiency of high‐tech enterprises in different regions.
Treatment of aqueous solutions of oxytetracycline by different electrochemical approaches: anodic oxidation, pressurized electro‐Fenton and oxidation by electrogenerated active chlorine
Authors: Ayadi Ameni , Proietto Federica , Jaouadi Mouna , Hamzaoui Ahmed Hichem , Galia Alessandro , Scialdone Onofrio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe tetracycline group (TCs) includes the most common antibiotics for treatment of both human and animal infections. TCs are resistant to biological degradation; hence, conventional wastewater treatments are unable to remove these contaminants. Here, the utilization of different electrochemical processes, such as electro‐Fenton (EF), direct anodic oxidation (AO) and indirect oxidation by electrogenerated active chlorine (EAC), for the treatment of aqueous solutions of oxytetracycline (OTC), which is one of the TCs, was studied. The effect of various operating conditions was evaluated to optimize the selected processes. EAC gave the fastest abatement of OTC, but the lowest removal of TOC and formation of chlorate. However, the utilization of carbon felt cathodes allowed the formation of chlorate to be reduced. AO gave the highest TOC removals, but it required the use of an expensive anode, as BDD, and high cell potentials. EF performed with pressurized‐air (5–10 bar) presented intermediate removals of OTC and TOC with respect to AO and EAC and consumed the least energy. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Postnatal melatonin administration to stressed dams for ameliorating risk‐taking behaviour in rat pups through maternal care improvement
Authors: Bagheri Farzaneh , Goudarzi Iran 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and AimAnxiety often occurs both concurrently and sequentially in childhood and adolescence in association with prenatal stress, which may reduce the quality of maternal care and then cause mood disorders among children in later life. Against this background, melatonin, as a powerful antioxidant, was used in the present study to ameliorate risk‐taking behaviour induced by pure maternal care in rat pups.Materials and MethodsThe Wistar rat dams recruited in this study were exposed to restraint stress from gestational day (GD) 11 until delivery. They further received melatonin (10 mg/kg) during the postnatal days (PNDs) 0–7 by intraperitoneal (IP) injections at 4:00 PM. The pregnant rats were then divided into four groups, namely, control, stress, stress + melatonin and melatonin, and their maternal behaviour and corticosterone levels were measured. In the offspring, the outcomes of some behavioural tasks, including the elevated plus‐maze (EPM) and open‐field (OF) tests were ultimately assessed.ResultsThe study results revealed that the quantity and quality of maternal care significantly declined and the plasma corticosterone levels compounded in the stressed dams. Melatonin treatment, however, improved their nursing behaviour and reduced their plasma corticosterone levels. The offspring performance in two tasks also showed an upward trend in risk‐taking behaviour in the stress group, and melatonin administration ameliorated the effects of stress and lessened their anxiety‐like behaviour.ConclusionIt was concluded that prenatal restraint stress could impair stress responses and quality of maternal care, whereas postnatal melatonin administration potentially contributed to the normalization of stress reaction and anxiolysis.
Liquid–liquid phase separation‐related gene in gliomas: FABP5 is a potential prognostic marker
Authors: Tang Qikai , Mao Xiaoman , Chen Zhengxin , Ma Chenfeng , Tu Yiming , Zhu Qianmiao , Lu Jiacheng , Wang Zhen , Zhang Qixiang , Wu Wei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe glioma is the most malignant human brain tumor. Early glioma detection and treatment are still difficult. New biomarkers are desperately required to aid in the evaluation of diagnosis and prognosis.MethodsThe single cell sequencing dataset scRNA‐6148 for glioblastoma was obtained from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas database. Data were gathered for the transcriptome sequencing project. Genes involved in liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) were taken out of the DrLLPS database. To find the modules connected to LLPS, the weighted co‐expression network was analyzed. Differential expression analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in gliomas. Pseudo‐time series analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and immune cell infiltration analysis were used to investigate the role of important genes in the immunological microenvironment. We examined the function of key glioma genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, CCK‐8 assays, clone generation assays, transwell assays and wound healing assays.ResultsFABP5 was identified as a key gene in glioblastoma by multiomics research. Pseudo‐time series analysis showed that FABP5 was highly linked with the differentiation of many different types of cells. GSEA revealed that FABP5 was strongly linked to several hallmark pathways in glioblastoma. We looked at immune cell infiltration and discovered a significant link between FABP5, macrophages and T cell follicular helpers. The PCR experiment results demonstrated that FABP5 expression was elevated in glioma samples. Cell experiments showed that FABP5 knockdown dramatically decreased the viability, proliferation, invasion and migration of the LN229 and U87 glioma cell lines.ConclusionsOur study provides a new biomarker, FABP5, for glioma diagnosis and treatment.
高度の尿糖排泄が遷延したSGLT2阻害薬関連正常血糖ケトアシドーシスの1例(A case of SGLT2 inhibitor–associated euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis with prolonged high urinary glucose excretion)
Authors: 大史 福岡 , 健 蛯原 , 昭久 小西 , 丈太郎 舘野 , 裕司 小倉 , 順 織田 
Published: April 2023

要旨　40歳代の女性，10年来の糖尿病に対して，sodium–glucose cotransporter 2阻害薬（SGLT2i），dipeptidyl peptidase–4阻害薬，メトホルミンを服用していた。前医に交通外傷による上腕骨骨折で入院し，受傷後8日目に全身麻酔下に手術が行われた。術当日はすべての内服が中止された。術後より嘔気，多尿を認め，術後2日目には頻呼吸が出現した。精査加療目的に同日，救命救急センターに転院となった。血液検査にて，乳酸値が正常であるanion gap開大性の代謝性アシドーシスを認めた。血糖値159mg/dL，尿検査で尿糖3+（1,854mg/dL），ケトン体3+であった。SGLT2iの内服歴，尿中ケトン体陽性，代謝性アシドーシスから正常血糖ケトアシドーシス（euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis: EDKA）と診断した。脱水の補正，インスリン，グルコースの経静脈的投与により，アシドーシスは改善したが，尿中の高度な糖排泄，多尿は持続した。全身状態は改善し，術後4日目に前医に転院となった。500mg/dL以上の尿中への糖排泄は，SGLT2i中止後も10日間以上持続した。SGLT2i中止後も長期にわたり高度の尿糖排泄が遷延する症例では，多尿，脱水に対して適切な水分管理が必要と考えられる。
多発顔面汚染創と後弓反張から破傷風との鑑別を要したMarchiafava–Bignami diseaseの1例(A case of Marchiafava–Bignami disease required differential diagnosis with tetanus due to facial contaminated wounds and opisthotonos)
Authors: 優 蔵増 , 尚弘 山田 , 宣寿 松村 , 雄太 辻本 , 学 和田 , 健一郎 武田 , 一真 森野 
Published: April 2023

要旨Marchiafava–Bignami disease（MBD）は，長期間のアルコール摂取や低栄養を原因に意識障害を引き起こす一方で，稀な疾患であるため意識障害の原因疾患として鑑別に挙がらず，正確なMBDの診断に至らない可能性がある。症例は大酒家の56歳男性。受診3日前に1mの高さより転落し，その後体動困難となり前医を受診した。前医では顔面および後頭部に多発する汚染創と後弓反張を認め，破傷風と診断され加療目的で当院へ転院搬送された。当院来院時，破傷風は否定的であったが，前医での経過から確実に除外することも困難であり，低侵襲な治療は必要と判断した。一方で長期のアルコール摂取歴からアルコールや栄養障害に伴う脳症を第一に疑い，ビタミンB1を中心とするビタミン補充療法を開始した。第2病日に，飲酒歴と臨床症状，前医の頭部MRI画像における脳梁膨大部高信号からMBDと診断した。ビタミン補充療法で症状は改善し，第13病日に前医へ転院となった。MBDは早期のビタミン補充療法で神経症状改善の可能性があるため，救急医はMBDの病態を理解し，長期間のアルコール摂取歴のある意識障害患者では，MBDを想起し鑑別を行うことが重要である。
Amino acid fertilizer strengthens its effect on crop yield and quality by recruiting beneficial rhizosphere microbes
Authors: Wang Xiang , Zhang Yu , Xu Wanyu , Cheng Jiarong , Liu Jianjian , Pei Wenxia , Wang Jianfei , Chuang Shaochuang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is currently an increase in the use of new types of fertilizers in modern agriculture. Studies have shown that amino acid fertilizers can improve crop yield and quality. However, their effects on crop rhizosphere ecology and their ecological impacts on crop yield are largely unknown. This study evaluated the effects of a water‐soluble amino acid fertilizer (WAAF) on tomatoes and its ecological effects on rhizosphere bacterial communities using greenhouse pot experiments.RESULTSThe results showed that WAAF could promote the growth of tomatoes and improve the quality of fruits more effectively than water‐soluble chemical fertilizer controls. Interestingly, WAAF showed a different regulating pattern on root exudates and increased the secretion of 17 major water‐soluble root exudates, including hexadecanoic acid and 3‐hydroxy‐γ‐butyrolactone. Water‐soluble amino acid fertilizer also affected noticeably the composition, abundance, and beta‐diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities, and strengthened the potential relationships between community members. Water‐soluble amino acid fertilizer showed a significant selective enrichment ability and recruited some members of the genera such as Cupriavidus, Ralstonia, Chitinophaga, Gemmatimonas, Mitsuaria, Mucilaginibacter, Paracoccus, Sphingopyxis, and Variovorax. Network analysis and functional prediction implied that, besides fertilizer effects, the recruiting of beneficial microbes involved in chemotaxis and biofilm formation was also a considerable factor in tomato yield and quality improvement.CONCLUSIONOur study revealed ecological and recruiting effects of WAAF on rhizosphere microbes and potentially beneficial microbiota, and provided a basis for the amino acid fertilizer regulation of rhizosphere ecology to improve soil health and further improve crop yield and quality. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Detoxifying mycotoxins and antifungal properties of two rumen‐derivedEnterococcusspecies in artificially contaminated corn silages
Authors: Dong Tianyi , Liang Yucheng , Shao Tao , Wang Wenbo , Ma Pengfei , Wang Wenkang , Li Junfeng , Yuan Xianjun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDMycotoxins contamination in food and feed has emerged as an issue of serious concern because they pose serious health risks to both humans and livestock. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of two rumen‐derivedEnterococcusspp. on fermentation and hygienic quality of artificially contaminated corn silages. The toxigenic fungal‐infested (FI) and non‐fungal infested (NFI) corn was harvested at 1/2 milk line stage and ensiled without additives (CON) or withEnterococcus faecalis(E) orEnterococcus faecium(M).RESULTSThe pH of FI silages was higher than that of NFI silages, the pH in NFI‐M was lower than in NFI‐CON. InoculatingE. faeciummarkedly increased lactic acid concentration compared to CON and E silages. BothE. faeciumandE. faecalisdecreased the deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) concentrations compared with the CON for FI silages, whileE. faeciumwas more effective in eliminating aflatoxin B1(AFB1). The FI silage had higher bacterial and fungal Shannon indexes than NFI silages. The relative abundance (RA) ofAspergillusandFusariummarked a decline from day 5 to day 90. InoculatingE. faeciumandE. faecalisreduced the RA ofPenicilliumcompared to CON.In vitromycotoxins removal assay indicated thatE. faeciumwas more effective in AFB1detoxification while having lower detoxifying ZEN capacity thanE. faecalis.CONCLUSIONInoculating rumen‐derivedEnterococcusspp. isolates alleviated the negative effects of fungal infestation on the fermentation and hygienic quality of corn silages by changing the microbial communities and detoxifying mycotoxins. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Mirror‐Transcending Aerial Imaging (MiTAi): An optical system that freely crosses the boundary between mirrored and real spaces
Authors: Sano Ayaka , Makiguchi Motohiro , Matsumoto Takahiro , Matsukawa Hisashi , Yamamoto Ryuji 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMany optical systems for displaying digital information on mirrors have been proposed, but information can only be displayed in either mirrored or real space and cannot move back and forth between the two. We have therefore developed a new optical system called mirror‐transcending aerial imaging (MiTAi) that freely crosses the boundary between mirrored and real spaces. MiTAi is based on an existing aerial‐imaging system consisting of a retro‐reflector, a beam splitter, and a moving display. MiTAi is designed as a space‐saving design by changing the orientation and position of the moving display as the light source. We implemented a prototype MiTAi to evaluate the luminance of the displayed aerial images and found that the aerial image formed by the prototype is able to move freely between both mirrored and real spaces. Moreover, the luminance of the image is not significantly lower than that formed by the existing aerial‐imaging system. MiTAi will enable the creation of a new user experience by integrating smart mirrors and real‐space aerial images.
The Impact of Gender on Long‐Term Quality of Life After Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Adams Dara R. , Xu Lucy J. , Vickery Thad W. , Scangas George A. , Bleier Benjamin S. , Gray Stacey T. , Metson Ralph 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo identify the impact of gender on the clinical outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) through the comparison of quality of life measures in female and male patients who undergo surgical treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).Study DesignProspective observational cohort study.MethodsPatients with CRS completed the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) and EuroQol 5‐Dimension Survey (EQ‐5D) preoperatively and annually for 5 years following ESS. Health utility values (HUV) were calculated from EQ‐5D scores. Comparisons of cohort characteristics were performed with chi‐square and t‐tests. A multivariable linear mixed effects model evaluated changes in SNOT‐22 and HUV over time by gender.ResultsAmong the 1268 patients (54% female) enrolled, 789 and 343 completed postoperative surveys at one and 5 years, respectively. Preoperatively, females experienced more severe symptoms: mean SNOT‐22 score (51.1 ± 20.9 female vs. 44.7 ± 20.0 male, p < 0.001) and HUV (0.80 ± 0.14 female vs. 0.84 ± 0.11 male, p < 0.001). These gender differences were resolved by year one postoperatively (SNOT‐22: p = 0.083; HUV: p = 0.465). Two years after surgery, however, females reported more severe symptoms (SNOT‐22: 25.6 ± 20.7 female vs. 21.5 ± 17.4 male, p = 0.005; HUV: 0.88 ± 0.12 female vs. 0.90 ± 0.11 male, p = 0.018), a difference that persisted at year five. These gender‐related differences remained after adjusting for age, race, ethnicity, nasal polyps, history of prior ESS, and smoking status (p < 0.001). Within‐subject improvement was comparable between genders (SNOT‐22: p = 0.869; HUV: p = 0.611).ConclusionFemales with CRS reported more severe symptoms both before and 5 years after surgery compared to their male counterparts. Understanding the mechanism behind these gender‐related differences is important for optimizing CRS treatment.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 133:3319–3326, 2023
Development of a 2D model for rapid estimation of sulfide corrosion of copper canisters in a spent nuclear fuel repository
Authors: Ma Jin , Alt‐Epping Peter , Pastina Barbara , Niskanen Mika , Salonen Timo , Wersin Paul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractReactive‐transport models (RTMs) have been an integral part of the safety case and design optimization for the nuclear waste repository in Finland. Such highly resolved, internally complex RTMs tend to be computationally demanding, thus their design is often a compromise between representativeness and computational efficiency. A modeling strategy is presented, demonstrating how a 2D simplified model can be constructed based upon and calibrated against a geometrically realistic 3D RTM. Key geometrical parameters of the 2D model are consistent with the 3D model, and the 2D model is verified by a series of benchmarks for various designs and conditions of the repository. Overall, the 2D model is proven suitable for fast scoping calculations, as (1) it reduces the mesh elements by 16 times and shortens the run time by about 40 times; (2) it has much more flexible remeshing possibilities; and (3) it provides highly consistent results with the 3D model.
A Novel Anderson‐Type POMs‐Based Hybrids Flame Retardant for Reducing Smoke Release and Toxicity of Epoxy Resins
Authors: Xu Hui , Peng Chaohua , Xia Long , Miao Zhongxi , He Siyuan , Chi Cheng , Luo Weiang , Chen Guorong , Zeng Birong , Wang Shuchuan , Dai Lizong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSmoke emission and smoke toxicity have drawn more attention to improving the fire safety of polymers. In this work, a polyoxometalates (POMs)‐based hybrids flame retardant (P‐AlMo6) epoxy resin (EP) is prepared with toxicity‐reduction and smoke‐suppression properties via a peptide coupling reaction between POMs and organic molecules with double DOPO (bisDOPA). It combines the good compatibility of the organic molecule and the superior catalytic performance of POMs. Compared to pure EP, the glass transition temperature and flexural modulus of EP composite with 5 wt.% P‐AlMo6 (EP/P‐AlMo6‐5) are raised by 12.3 °C and 57.75%, respectively. Notably, at low flame‐retardant addition, the average CO to CO2 ratio (Av‐COY/Av‐CO2Y) is reduced by 33.75%. Total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) are lowered by 44.4% and 53.7%, respectively. The Limited Oxygen Index (LOI) value achieved 31.7% and obtained UL‐94 V‐0 rating. SEM, Raman, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and TG‐FTIR are applied to analyze the flame‐retardant mechanism in condensed and gas phase. Outstanding flame retardant, low smoke toxicity properties are attained due to the catalytic carbonization ability of metal oxides Al2O3 and MoO3 produced from the breakdown of POMs. This work advances the development of POMs‐based hybrids flame retardants with low smoke toxicity properties.
Historische Präparate für alle
Authors: Herbig Marcus , Franze Georg , Böhme Uwe , Kroke Edwin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractClemens Winkler, ab 1873 Professor für anorganische Chemie an der Bergakademie Freiberg, schmolz seine Entdeckungen, darunter verschiedene Germaniumverbindungen, in Glasampullen ein. Damit begründete er die Sammlung anorganisch‐chemischer Präparate der TU Freiberg, die die Universität heute noch in der Lehre einsetzt. Jetzt wird diese Sammlung digitalisiert.
Weltraumchemie: Antreiben, schützen, verbinden
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDas liefern Chemieunternehmen für Raketen, Satelliten und Erkundungen im All: Schaumstoffe absorbieren Schall und schützen elektronische Raketensysteme vor Startvibrationen. Wasserstoffperoxid treibt Raketen an, und Folien beschichten Solarzellen, die Satelliten mit Energie versorgen.
CheMento: Auf zur Exkursion!
Authors: Grün Franziska , Höglsperger Fabian , Appleson Theresa , Dinges Ida , Reinders Leonie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFünf Mentees berichten von Exkursionen zum Chempark Dormagen, zur BASF Ludwigshafen und zu Boehringer Ingelheim.
Raumfahrt: Feste Treibstoffe für Raketen
Authors: Holler Marcel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHervorgegangen aus militärischen Entwicklungen sind Komposittreibstoffe die am häufigsten eingesetzten festen Raketentreibstoffe. Dafür müssen Binderpolymere, Oxidationsmittel, Brennstoffe und Additive zusammen hohen Schub erzeugen.
Studentinnen aus der Ukraine: "Wir machen keine Pläne"
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIm Frühjahr vor einem Jahr waren unter den Flüchtenden aus der Ukraine auch Chemiestudentinnen aus Kyjiw. Etwa 20 hatte die Universität Gießen aufgenommen. Sie haben seitdem Forschungsprojekte gestartet, das Studium abgeschlossen, eine Doktorarbeit begonnen, Deutsch gelernt oder Deutschland verlassen.
Wieder in Präsenz
Authors: Karger Gerhard 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNach fast zwei Jahren pandemiebedingter Pause und wissenschaftlichem Austausch in virtuellen Räumen knüpften fast alle Fachstrukturen wieder an die Vor‐Corona‐Zeit an und ließen persönliche Kontakte wieder aufleben. Doch auch digitale Formate haben in Online‐Webinaren und ‐Vortragsreihen eine Zukunft. Der Trend zur Verjüngung der Fachgruppen ist ungebrochen.
Vorschau GDCh‐Vorstandswahl 2023
Authors: Koch Wolfram 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFür die Amtsperiode 2024 – 2027 des GDCh‐Vorstands sind jeweils sieben Positionen für den Bereich A (Hochschule, Forschungseinrichtungen und Behörden) und den Bereich B (Wirtschaft und freie Berufe) zu besetzen. Insgesamt 24 Kandidatinnen und Kandidaten stellen sich zur Wahl.
Trendbericht Physikalische Chemie 2023 (3/3): Ultraschnelle Strukturdynamik
Authors: Müller‐Werkmeister Henrike 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStickstoff‐ und Kohlenstoffverbindungen im interstellaren Staub verraten, wie Sterne entstehen. Diese Moleküle haben Weltraumforscher:innen mit hochauflösender Rotationsspektroskopie detektiert und dazu die Verhältnisse im All im Labor nachgestellt. Wie organische Reaktionen wie nukleophile Substitution auf Molekülebene ablaufen, lässt sich mit Molekularstrahlmethoden herausfinden. Streumethoden dienen dazu, Reaktionen auf Oberflächen auf atomarer Ebene zu erfassen. Zeitaufgelöste Beugungsmethoden mit ultrakurzen Elektronen oder Röntgenphotonen werden zunehmend auf chemische Fragen angewandt, um Strukturen transienter Zustände zu beobachten.
Navigating nutrition and hydration care in the adult patient with short bowel syndrome
Authors: Roberts Kristen , Shah Neha D. , Parrish Carol Rees , Wall Elizabeth 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAttending diligently to the nutrition and hydration needs of patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a key tenet of their care, both postoperatively and in the years that follow. For, without each, patients are left to themselves to navigate the nutrition consequences of SBS, including malnutrition, nutrient deficiencies, renal compromise, osteoporosis, fatigue, depression, and impaired quality of life. The intent of this review is to discuss the initial nutrition assessment, oral diet, hydration, and home nutrition support for the patient with SBS.
Registration of L‐74X nonshattering basin wildrye × creeping wildrye germplasm
Authors: Larson Steven R. , Jones Thomas A. , Jensen Kevin B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBasin wildrye [Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) Á. Löve] is somewhat indeterminate and shatters its seed. To avoid shattering losses, growers tend to harvest basin wildrye seed prior to maximal physiological maturity. To resolve the intersecting problems of floral indeterminacy and seed shattering, USDA‐ARS released the L‐74X basin wildrye × creeping wildrye [L. triticoides (Buckl.) Pilger] germplasm (Reg. no. GP‐106, PI 701909) on August 26, 2021. While L‐74X has a narrow genetic base due to a biparental cross in its history, it can be used to introgress the nonshattering recessive sh6 allele of creeping wildrye (2n = 4x = 28) into 4x basin wildrye and closely related 4x Leymus species. L‐74X originated with hybridization between 4x populations of basin wildrye and creeping wildrye, followed by eight generations of recombination and natural selection that restored fertility to the interspecific hybrid. Intentional selection led to fixation of the sh6 allele. Averaged across 2 years, shattering genotypes (Sh6/sh6) averaged 19.4% greater (P < 0.05) seed yield per spike 23 days after pollination (DAP), but by 95 DAP, nonshattering genotypes (sh6/sh6) averaged 167% greater (P < 0.05) seed yield per spike. Germination increased from 72.1% at 23 DAP to 86.4% at 95 DAP. The sh6 allele allows seed growers to delay seed harvest until seed is fully ripe, concomitantly reducing shattering losses and improving physiological seed quality.