bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging and controlling coherent phonon wave packets in single graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Luo Yang , Martin-Jimenez Alberto , Pisarra Michele , Martin Fernando , Garg Manish , Kern Klaus 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe motion of atoms is at the heart of any chemical or structural transformation in molecules and materials. Upon activation of this motion by an external source, several (usually many) vibrational modes can be coherently coupled, thus facilitating the chemical or structural phase transformation. These coherent dynamics occur on the ultrafast timescale, as revealed, e.g., by nonlocal ultrafast vibrational spectroscopic measurements in bulk molecular ensembles and solids. Tracking and controlling vibrational coherences locally at the atomic and molecular scales is, however, much more challenging and in fact has remained elusive so far. Here, we demonstrate that the vibrational coherences induced by broadband laser pulses on a single graphene nanoribbon (GNR) can be probed by femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) when performed in a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM). In addition to determining dephasing (~440 fs) and population decay times (~1.8 ps) of the generated phonon wave packets, we are able to track and control the corresponding quantum coherences, which we show to evolve on time scales as short as ~70 fs. We demonstrate that a two-dimensional frequency correlation spectrum unequivocally reveals the quantum couplings between different phonon modes in the GNR.
The mortality risk of night-time and daytime insomnia symptoms in an older population
Authors: Harvey Amy , Scott Hannah , Melaku Yohannes Adama , Lack Leon , Sweetman Alexander , Micic Gorica , Lovato Nicole 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe current study examined the association between insomnia symptoms and all-cause mortality in older adults (≥ 65 years). Data was used from 1969 older adults [M = 78 years, SD = 6.7 years] who participated in the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Insomnia symptoms were defined by nocturnal symptoms (difficulty falling asleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, early morning awakenings) and daytime symptoms (concentration difficulties, effort, inability to get going). Frequency of symptoms were combined to calculate an insomnia symptom score ranging from 0 (no symptoms) to 24 (sever symptoms) and quintiles of the score were constructed to provide a range of symptom severity. Multivariable Cox models were conducted to assess associations between insomnia symptom severity and mortality risk. In the median follow up of 9.2 years, there were 17,403 person-years at risk and the mortality rate was 8-per 100 person-years. Insomnia symptom severity was associated with increased mortality in the most severe quintile (adjusted HRQ1vsQ5 = 1.26, 95%CI [1.03–1.53], p = .02). Subsequent analyses showed this association was driven by daytime symptoms (adjusted HRQ1vsQ5 = 1.66, [1.39–2.00], p < .0001), since nocturnal symptoms alone were not associated with increased mortality (adjusted HR Q1vsQ5 = 0.89, [0.72–1.10], p = .28). Findings suggest daytime symptoms drive increased mortality risk associated with insomnia symptoms. Findings may be therapeutically helpful by reassuring individuals with nocturnal insomnia symptoms alone that their longevity is unlikely to be impacted.
Running exercise with and without calcium supplementation from tuna bone reduced bone impairment caused by low calcium intake in young adult rats
Authors: Suntornsaratoon Panan , Thongklam Thachakorn , Saetae Thaweechai , Kodmit Buapuengporn , Lapmanee Sarawut , Malaivijitnond Suchinda , Charoenphandhu Narattaphol , Krishnamra Nateetip 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInadequate calcium intake during childhood and adolescence is detrimental to bone metabolism. Here, we postulated that calcium supplement prepared from tuna bone with tuna head oil should benefit for skeletal development than CaCO3. Forty female 4-week-old rats were divided into calcium-replete diet (0.55% w/w, S1, n = 8) and low-calcium groups (0.15% w/w for 2 weeks; L; n = 32). Then L were subdivided into 4 groups (8/group), i.e., remained on L, L + tuna bone (S2), S2 + tuna head oil + 25(OH)D3 and S2 + 25(OH)D3. Bone specimens were collected at week 9. We found that 2 weeks on low calcium diet led to low bone mineral density (BMD), reduced mineral content, and impaired mechanical properties in young growing rats. Intestinal fractional calcium absorption also increased, presumably resulting from higher plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 (1.712 ± 0.158 in L vs. 1.214 ± 0.105 nM in S1, P < 0.05). Four-week calcium supplementation from tuna bone further increased calcium absorption efficacy, which later returned to the basal level by week 9. Calcium supplementation successfully restored BMD, bone strength and microstructure. However, 25(OH)D3 + tuna head oil + tuna bone showed no additive effect. Voluntary running also effectively prevented bone defects. In conclusion, both tuna bone calcium supplementation and exercise are effective interventions for mitigating calcium-deficient bone loss.
Fabrication and biological investigation of a novel star polymer based on magnetic cyclic aromatic polyimide chains
Authors: Eivazzadeh-Keihan Reza , Sadat Zahra , Mohammadi Adibeh , Aghamirza Moghim Aliabadi Hooman , Kashtiaray Amir , Maleki Ali , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHerein, a novel nanostructure based on cyclic aromatic polyimide with statistical star polymer structure was synthesized via the functionalization of the CuFe2O4 MNPs surface. The polymerization process on the functionalized surface of CuFe2O4 MNPs was performed with pyromellitic dianhydride and phenylenediamine derivatives. All analytical methods such as Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) were performed to characterize the structure of CuFe2O4@SiO2-polymer nanomagnetic. The cytotoxicity of CuFe2O4@SiO2-Polymer was investigated for biomedical application by MTT test. The results proved that this nanocmposite was biocompatible with HEK293T healthy cells. Also, the evaluation antibacterial property of CuFe2O4@SiO2-Polymer showed that its MIC in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were 500–1000 µg/mL, so it had antibacterial activity.
Effect of germanium oxide on the structural aspects and bioactivity of bioactive silicate glass
Authors: Tiama Taha M. , Ibrahim Medhat A. , Sharaf Mohamed H. , Mabied Ahmed F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTernary silicate glass (69SiO2–27CaO–4P2O5) was synthesized with the sol–gel route, and different percentages of germanium oxide GeO2 (6.25, 12.5, and 25%) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) were added. DFT calculations were performed at the B3LYP/LanL2DZ level of theory for molecular modelling. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) was used to study the effect of GeO2/PAA on the structural properties. The samples were further characterized using DSC, ART-FTIR, and mechanical tests. Bioactivity and antibacterial tests were assessed to trace the influence of GeO2 on biocompatibility with biological systems. Modelling results demonstrate that molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) indicated an enhancement of the electronegativity of the studied models. While both the total dipole moment and HOMO/LUMO energy reflect the increased reactivity of the P4O10 molecule. XRPD results confirmed the samples formation and revealed the correlation between the crystallinity and the properties, showing that crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) is clearly formed in the highest percentages of GeO2, proposing 25% as a strong candidate for medical applications, consistent with the results of mechanical properties and the rest of the characterization results. Simulated body fluid (SBF) in vitro experiments showed promising biocompatibility. The samples showed remarkable antimicrobial and bioactivity, with the strongest effect at 25%. The experimental findings of this study revealed that the incorporation of GeO2 into the glass in terms of structural characteristics, bioactivity, antimicrobial properties, and mechanical properties is advantageous for biomedical fields and especially for dental applications.
Diagnosis of α-thalassaemia by colorimetric gap loop mediated isothermal amplification
Authors: Chumworathayee Worakawee , Munkongdee Thongperm , Buasuwan Nattrika , Chaichompoo Pornthip , Svasti Saovaros 
Published: June 2023

Abstractα-Thalassaemia is an inherited haemoglobin disorder that results from the defective synthesis of α-globin protein. Couples whom both carry the α-thalassaemia 1 gene are at risk of having a foetus with the most severe thalassaemia, Hb Bart’s hydrops fetalis, with a risk of maternal mortality. However, haematological parameters alone cannot distinguish between a α-thalassaemia 1 carrier and a homozygous α-thalassaemia 2, in which one α-globin gene has been deleted on each chromosome. A rapid and accurate molecular detection assay is essential for prevention of the disease in populations where α-thalassaemia 1 is common. Multiplex Gap-PCR analysis is widely used for diagnosis of α-thalassaemia. However, the technique requires a thermocycler and post-amplification processing, which limits its application in primary care or in rural areas in developing countries. Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) amplifies target DNA at a constant temperature and does not require a thermocycler. This study developed a colorimetric Gap-LAMP using malachite green to allow naked eye visualization of two deletional α-thalassaemia 1 commonly found in Asian populations, the Southeast Asian type (--SEA) and the Thai type (--THAI) deletions. The Gap-LAMP was performed on DNA samples from 410 individuals carrying various α-thalassaemia gene defects with 100% concordance with conventional Gap-PCR analysis. This method eliminates post-amplification processing or the use of expensive sophisticated equipment and allows screening large populations for the prevention and control of α-thalassaemia.
Tool-tissue force segmentation and pattern recognition for evaluating neurosurgical performance
Authors: Baghdadi Amir , Lama Sanju , Singh Rahul , Sutherland Garnette R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSurgical data quantification and comprehension expose subtle patterns in tasks and performance. Enabling surgical devices with artificial intelligence provides surgeons with personalized and objective performance evaluation: a virtual surgical assist. Here we present machine learning models developed for analyzing surgical finesse using tool-tissue interaction force data in surgical dissection obtained from a sensorized bipolar forceps. Data modeling was performed using 50 neurosurgery procedures that involved elective surgical treatment for various intracranial pathologies. The data collection was conducted by 13 surgeons of varying experience levels using sensorized bipolar forceps, SmartForceps System. The machine learning algorithm constituted design and implementation for three primary purposes, i.e., force profile segmentation for obtaining active periods of tool utilization using T-U-Net, surgical skill classification into Expert and Novice, and surgical task recognition into two primary categories of Coagulation versus non-Coagulation using FTFIT deep learning architectures. The final report to surgeon was a dashboard containing recognized segments of force application categorized into skill and task classes along with performance metrics charts compared to expert level surgeons. Operating room data recording of > 161 h containing approximately 3.6 K periods of tool operation was utilized. The modeling resulted in Weighted F1-score = 0.95 and AUC = 0.99 for force profile segmentation using T-U-Net, Weighted F1-score = 0.71 and AUC = 0.81 for surgical skill classification, and Weighted F1-score = 0.82 and AUC = 0.89 for surgical task recognition using a subset of hand-crafted features augmented to FTFIT neural network. This study delivers a novel machine learning module in a cloud, enabling an end-to-end platform for intraoperative surgical performance monitoring and evaluation. Accessed through a secure application for professional connectivity, a paradigm for data-driven learning is established.
Population size in QTL detection using quantile regression in genome-wide association studies
Authors: Oliveira Gabriela França , Nascimento Ana Carolina Campana , Azevedo Camila Ferreira , de Oliveira Celeri Maurício , Barroso Laís Mayara Azevedo , de Castro Sant’Anna Isabela , Viana José Marcelo Soriano , de Resende Marcos Deon Vilela , Nascimento Moysés 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Quantile Regression (QR) in Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) regarding the ability to detect QTLs (Quantitative Trait Locus) associated with phenotypic traits of interest, considering different population sizes. For this, simulated data was used, with traits of different levels of heritability (0.30 and 0.50), and controlled by 3 and 100 QTLs. Populations of 1,000 to 200 individuals were defined, with a random reduction of 100 individuals for each population. The power of detection of QTLs and the false positive rate were obtained by means of QR considering three different quantiles (0.10, 0.50 and 0.90) and also by means of the General Linear Model (GLM). In general, it was observed that the QR models showed greater power of detection of QTLs in all scenarios evaluated and a relatively low false positive rate in scenarios with a greater number of individuals. The models with the highest detection power of true QTLs at the extreme quantils (0.10 and 0.90) were the ones with the highest detection power of true QTLs. In contrast, the analysis based on the GLM detected few (scenarios with larger population size) or no QTLs in the evaluated scenarios. In the scenarios with low heritability, QR obtained a high detection power. Thus, it was verified that the use of QR in GWAS is effective, allowing the detection of QTLs associated with traits of interest even in scenarios with few genotyped and phenotyped individuals.
Country-level energy demand for cooling has increased over the past two decades
Authors: Scoccimarro Enrico , Cattaneo Oreste , Gualdi Silvio , Mattion Francesco , Bizeul Alexandre , Risquez Arnau Martin , Quadrelli Roberta 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCooling degree days provide a simple indicator to represent how temperature drives energy demand for cooling. We investigate, at country level, the changes in cooling degree days worldwide in a recent twenty-one-year period starting in 2000. A new database, jointly generated by CMCC and IEA based on ERA5 reanalysis’ global gridded data, is used for the analysis. In contrast to the existent literature, the factors of population-weighting and humidity are considered, which affect the magnitude and the spatial distribution of these changes. Annual tendencies show a general increase of cooling degree days over the different countries, fostering more energy consumption for cooling demand, as confirmed by some regional studies. We also focus on the temporal clustering, to measure if peaks occur evenly random or tend to cluster in shorter periods. We stress that including humidity is important both for general tendencies and clustering. India, Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam represent the emerging countries where this effect is stronger.
An ionic liquid synthesis route for mixed-phase sodium titanate (Na2Ti3O7 and Na2Ti6O13) rods as an anode for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Kumari Pooja , Li Yining , Boston Rebecca 
Published: June 2023

An ionic liquid synthesis method is used to create mixed Na2Ti3O7 (237) and Na2Ti6O13 rods with high fraction of 237 phase, leading to improved specific capacity.
Perspectives of Part-Time Augmentative and Alternative Communication Use in Adults and Implications for Pediatric Service Delivery
Authors: Koerner Susan Marjorie , Glaser Sarah , Kropkowski Kirsten 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
Speaking autistic adults who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) part-time increasingly share their experiences of insufficient, unreliable, or inconsistent speech. Their experiences detail how forced communication through verbal speech alone causes harm and how AAC systems allow them to communicate freely. The purpose of this clinical focus article is to (a) define intermittent, unreliable, and inconsistent speech as experienced by autistic adults; (b) discuss implications for service delivery of AAC to autistic children; and (c) present an example of a pediatric part-time AAC assessment through a case study.

Method:
This clinical focus article presents a case study of an AAC assessment completed at a university clinic for a speaking child who experiences intermittent speech. Data from the case study were collected through chart review, a semistructured interview with the parent, and short surveys sent to the family. The case study presents the background and history of the client, planning for the assessment procedures, and details of the assessment procedures and data collected, and summarizes the results of the assessment.

Results:
The results of the assessment led to the successful funding of an AAC system through a third-party insurance provider. A summary of the follow-up session with the family after the device was received is provided.

Conclusions:
Characteristics of the mother's advocacy for her child's communication and its implications for the case study are discussed. Future directions of this research include the development of communication choice–affirming assessment and intervention protocols created in collaboration with autistic adults to support children who experience insufficient, intermittent, or unreliable speech.
Parameter estimation of quantized DARMA systems using weighted least squares
Authors: Jing Lida 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper is concerned with parameter estimate of deterministic autoregressive moving average (DARMA) systems with uniform quantized output observations. By designing system input signals, the recursive least‐squares algorithm with designed weights is proved to have convergence properties under the uniform output signal quantizer. The authors analyse the properties of the size of quantization error, which implies that the convergence properties can be achieved when the quantization error satisfies some conditions. A numerical example is supplied to demonstrate the theoretical results.
Assessment of human gait after total knee arthroplasty by dynamic time warping algorithm
Authors: Abbasi‐Kesbi Reza , Fathi Mohammad , Najafi Mohammad , Nikfarjam Alireza 
Published: June 2023

AbstractToday, the elderly population is increasing, and there are many drawbacks for them, especially defects in their knee joints which lead to improper gait. To solve this problem, their knee joint can be replaced with knee arthroplasty. In this letter, level of improvement in the human gait before and after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery is investigated using the dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm. For this purpose, several volunteers who have problems with their knees are incorporated in a test before and after TKA surgery. Then, the data of gait analysis is collected and the data is compared with a reference using the DTW algorithm. The outcome results illustrate an improvement of 89%–97% by the proposed algorithm after TKA surgery. Therefore, patients can see improvement with high accuracy and very fast that result in more use this technique in TKR surgery.
Poly lactic‐co‐glycolic acid‐alginate nanocarrier for efficient drug delivery to liver cancer cells
Authors: Hoseinzadeh Mahsa , Mokhtari Mohammad Javad , Kafilzadeh Farshid , Mohammadnejad Javad , Taheri Yaghoob 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEfficient drug delivery systems (DDSs) can potentially replace with conventional modalities in cancer therapy, like liver cancer. In this study, a novel folic acid (FA)‐functionalised and alginate (Alg)‐modified poly lactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA) nanocomposite was developed for delivery of doxorubicin (Dox) to HepG2 and Huh7 liver cancer cells. After synthesising the nanocarrier, several analytical devices, including FT‐IR, DLS, TGA, and TEM, were employed for its characterisation. Nano‐metric size (55 and 85 nm in diameter), close to neutral surface charge, semi‐spherical morphology, and successful synthesis were approved. Dox entrapment efficiency was determined near 1%, and sustained and pH‐sensitive drug release behaviours of nanocarrier were ascertained for DDS. Afterwards, the cell viability test was carried out to study the HepG2 and Huh7 cells suppression capability of FA‐PLGA‐Dox‐Alg. About 12% and 10% cell viabilities were observed in HepG2 and Huh7 cancer cells after 24 h treatment with 400 nM concentration of FA‐PLGA‐Dox‐Alg nanocarrier respectively. The IC50 value was observed for 100 nM after 24 h of treatment in cancer cells. These data have indicated that fabricated nanocarrier could be promising DDS against liver cancer and replace with conventional approaches in cancer treatment, like chemotherapy.
Spectroscopic substellar initial mass function of NGC 2244
Authors: Almendros-Abad V. , Mužić K. , Bouy H. , Bayo A. , Scholz A. , Peña Ramírez K. , Moitinho A. , Kubiak K. , Schöedel R. , Barač R. , Brčić P. , Ascenso J. , Jayawardhana R. 
Published: June 2023

Context. The dominant formation channel of brown dwarfs (BDs) is not well constrained yet and a promising way to discriminate between scenarios is to test the environment-dependent efficiency in forming BDs. So far, the outcome of star formation, studied through the initial mass function, has been found to be very similar in all clusters that have been inspected.
Aims. We aim to characterize the low-mass (sub)stellar population of the central portion (2.4 pc2) of the ∼2 Myr old cluster NGC 2244 using near-infrared spectroscopy. By studying this cluster, characterized by a low stellar density and numerous OB stars, we aim to explore the effect that OB stars may have on the production of BDs.
Methods. We obtained near-infrared HK spectroscopy of 85 faint candidate members of NGC 2244. We derived the spectral type and extinction by comparison with spectral templates. We evaluated cluster membership using three gravity-sensitive spectral indices based on the shape of the H-band. Furthermore, we evaluated the infrared excess from Spitzer of all the candidate members of the cluster. Finally, we estimated the mass of all the candidate members of the cluster and derived the initial mass function, star-to-BD number ratio, and disk fraction.
Results. The initial mass function is well represented by a power law (dN/dM ∝ M−α) below 0.4 M⊙, with a slope α = 0.7–1.1 depending on the fitted mass range. We calculated a star-to-BD number ratio of 2.2–2.8. We find the low-mass population of NGC 2244 to be consistent with nearby star-forming regions, although it is at the high end of BD production. We find BDs in NGC 2244 to be, on average, closer to OB stars than to low-mass stars, which could potentially be the first piece of evidence that OB stars affect the formation of BDs. We find a disk fraction of all the members with a spectral type later than K0 of 39 ± 9% which is lower than typical values found in nearby star-forming regions of similar ages.