bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Development of the Korean Child Protection System
Authors: Chung Yiyoon , Lah T. J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter explicates the development, cultural influences, unique challenges, and policy strategies of the child protection system in Korea. The Korean government fronted its critical challenge of enforcing an indigenous Korean child protection philosophy and institutions. Traditionally, child-rearing is a task for individuals instead of government intervention. The chapter expounds on the CPS system of social allocations, social provisions, delivery, and finance dimensions. The delivery and financing of services proved to be a significant policy issue. The chapter also emphasizes how the definition of child-rearing and child maltreatment are heavily influenced by cultural traditions and beliefs. Family preservation has been the ultimate goal of Korean child protection services.
Child Protection Policy and Service in China
Authors: Zhao Fang , Xu Yanfeng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses China’s child protection policies and services. Children are considered as a family’s private property in China following its Confucianism influence. Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, the child protection policy has been influenced by its sociopolitical system and transitioned from a residual welfare system to a modest institutional system. While the country witnessed the rapid development of its policies and practices, China is still fronting issues such as insufficient supportive measures to implement child protection legislation, and lack of clarification on the concept of child abuse and neglect. Building a family-centred child welfare policy and comprehensive welfare services are vital in improving the Chinese child protection system.
Child Protection in South Africa
Authors: Sloth-Nielsen Julia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses South African child protection in line with the transition from an apartheid regime to a democratic multi-party democracy. The child protection system remains shaped by the apartheid history, thus it recently underwent an overhaul with the Children’s Act 38 of 2005. The legislation, additionally, became fully operational by 2010. Child protection in South Africa also covers the parent-child relationship, domestication of Hague Abduction and Intercountry Adoption Conventions, and contractual surrogacy. Moreover, non-governmental organizations and church groups mostly delivered child protection services despite its result of racially skewed, patchy, and unequal network of services at the conclusion of the apartheid.
Child Protection Systems in Ghana
Authors: Dako-Gyeke Mavis , Adubea Mills Abigail , Akyere Boateng Doris 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the child protection systems in Ghana. Extended family still participates in the protection and support activities for children in the possibility of stretching the care environment of children beyond their nuclear family. Building a protective environment for children is indispensable for their optimal growth and development since it ensures that suffering children are easier to identify and protect. Additionally, child protection encompasses prevention and response to violence, neglect, abuse, and exploitation against children. However, the implementation of laws for the protection of children remained weak. Some of the provisions of the Children’s Act based on the UNCRC were considered socio-culturally unsuitable for Ghana.
Child Protection and Welfare in France
Authors: Bolter Flora 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter explicates child protection and welfare in France. The overall structure of France’s child protection system relies on collaboration between the justice system and social services, the latter implementing virtually all care orders through the département-based Aide sociale à l’enfance. The main sources of funding for social action are fiscal after it devolved to départements as a consequence of the decentralization of state competencies. The chapter also notes the types of danger, local disparities, and principles of intervention. It looks into how the French child protection and welfare system is based on national solidarity and profoundly territorialized since most issues are connected to a lack of data and consistency over the territory.
Building the Child Protection System in Argentina
Authors: Villalta Carla , Llobet Valeria 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the construction of the Argentinian child protection system. Whilst Argentina was one of the first countries to develop a strong Welfare State in Latin America, the nation’s child protection matters did not perform nearly as well. The expansion of children’s rights occurred parallel to the retraction of citizenship and welfare protection and the rise of poverty. Thus, transformation in education, social protection, and family laws was framed by rights focused on children’s interests and needs. The chapter expounds on the process of local reception and institutionalization of children’s rights discourse, the local debates, and disputes over the definition of the aforementioned rights and their actors.
Print Culture and the Mediation of the Classical Canon in the Twentieth-Century United States
Authors: Rubin Joan Shelley 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Alongside technological innovations, in the twentieth-century United States print culture served the efforts of figures and institutions to bring understanding of classical music to broad audiences. Such efforts varied significantly according to the extent to which mediators balanced commitments to shaping taste against the priorities of a thriving consumer culture. Daniel Gregory Mason, Frances Elliott Clark, Sigmund Spaeth, Aaron Copland, and the leadership of the Book-of-the-Month Club Record Division exemplify this variation. Their activities underscore the importance of recognizing that the middlebrow was not monolithic, and that the mediation of the classical canon reflected wider trends in American cultural history.
Afrofuturist Cinema
Authors: Kilgore De Witt Douglas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Afrofuturism is a term that seeks to capture how Black artists are envisioning the “not yet” of a human future divested from the delimiting effects of whiteness. This chapter emphasizes the work of Afrofuturism as a cinematic practice, arguing that while Afrofuturist filmmaking is not a coherent aesthetic, its practitioners consistently stress the role of Afrocentricity in developing science fiction’s generic potential. Suggesting the array of approaches that Afrofuturism involves, the chapter recognizes three types of Afrofuturist film—thin, strong, and revolutionary—that together demonstrate the politico-aesthetic of Afrofuturist film as it appears in a variety of independent and mainstream examples.
Biopolitics and Bioethics
Authors: Vint Sherryl 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter outlines ideas central to biopolitical theory and demonstrates how they have proven especially useful for analyzing science fiction (sf) films, particularly those concerned with the social reproduction of humanity into the future, and those exploring themes about society’s differentiation between valued and disposable life—a distinction that sf has often represented as a matter of species difference. The primary text used to examine ideas about the valuation of life is Claire Denis’s High Life.
Feminist Materialism
Authors: McDonald Frances 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The twentieth century saw Newtonian physics superseded by quantum field theory, a paradigm shift based in scientists’ discovery that matter is dynamic and lively, not inert and static. Feminist materialism begins with the assertion that how people think about matter, matters. How does the discovery of matter’s vitality call into question and permit a reworking of traditional notions of embodiment, agency and causation, and kinship and ethics? In important ways, feminist materialism understands itself as doing science fictional work. Karen Barad and Donna Haraway in particular have been invested in building speculative practices that materially upset the presumed limits of time, space, and bodies. This chapter offers an overview of feminist materialism that demonstrates how its methods and goals resonate with those of science fiction (sf), particularly via a close reading of Shane Carruth’s 2013 experimental sf film Upstream Color.
Posthumanism
Authors: Telotte J. P. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter on posthumanism and science fiction (sf) describes a range of posthuman film narratives, including stories about human adaptation through technological means, apocalyptic extinctions of the human, and the potential transcendence of the current human condition. Drawing on the work of such figures as Donna Haraway, Rosi Braidotti, and N. Katherine Hayles, the chapter examines the increasingly blurred sense of what constitutes the human and contemporary culture’s often frustrating efforts to redefine that nature. Using posthumanist theory, it traces the development of this condition through a range of films, including 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), Alien Resurrection (1997), Ex Machina (2016), and Arrival (2016).
Queer Cinema
Authors: Constable Catherine , Denny Matt 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter demonstrates the usefulness of adopting queer theory for exploring differing constructions of the artificial person in science fiction (sf) cinema, focusing on the key “synthetic” characters found in the Alien franchise (1979–). Contextualizing performativity as a radical theory of subjectivity, this chapter shows how a queer perspective can be used to illuminate the artificial person’s potential to act as a key site of denaturalization and critique of both normative gender roles and conventional notions of “humanness.”
Biopunk Film
Authors: Schmeink Lars 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
With the contemporary proliferation of genetic engineering and the resulting ability to directly change the makeup of human life, narratives about genetic alteration have become a staple of the popular cultural imagination. While not the only science fictional approach to such developments, biopunk is one of the dominant forms such narratives have taken. Using films such as Gattaca, Code 46, Antiviral, and The Girl with All the Gifts, this chapter situates biopunk in the larger context of postmodern and posthuman science fiction. It argues that biopunk films deliver dystopian warnings about the misuse of genetic engineering, while attempting to project a voice for posthuman becomings.
Cli-Fi Cinema
Authors: Bould Mark 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter outlines the relationship between science fiction (sf) and climate fiction, both literary and cinematic, and urges a broader understanding of what it means to tell stories about anthropogenic climate destabilization. It considers a wide range of cli-fi movies in relation to several dominant narrative trends—strategic realism, techno-utopianism, and apocalyptic environmentalism—and concludes by demonstrating how a film such as Arrival (2017) might be read as an unconscious treatment of climate change concerns.
Magical Realism Science Fiction
Authors: Duchovnay Gerald 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs its name implies, magical realism discovers an element of the magical or mystical in the familiar world, using that discovery to, in the best science fiction (sf) tradition, “estrange” our view of the everyday, while also enriching human experience. Born from Latin American fantasy literature, it finds in the sf film a way of creating striking visual and contextual juxtapositions that blur the boundaries between the real and the fantastic, as in the Gill Man of The Shape of Water, the video game figures of Scott Pilgrim vs. the World, or the labyrinth of Pan’s Labyrinth. More than just fantasy, magical realism in an sf context reveals how the mind, the imagination, even everyday objects can serve as sf technologies to help people cope with or change the world.
Currents in Tamil Lexicography
Authors: James Gregory , Jayadevan V. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Modern Tamil lexicography has been motivated by the desire to record the lexical wealth of the past, and provide tools for the rejuvenation of the language through the creation of Tamil words for all facets of modern life. The Tamil Lexicon offered an exhaustive compilation of Tamil vocabulary through the ages. A dictionary is, however, not only a linguistic artefact, but also a codification of the language ideology of a community. In the case of Tamil, a contemporary ideology of prescriptive linguistic purism motivates suggesting native roots for new words, and replacements for borrowed terms. This is buttressed by a top-down, state-sponsored lexicographic endeavour, represented by the Tamil Nadu government’s Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Tamil Language. A competing ideology is the descriptive, bottom-up approach espoused in the Cre-A: Dictionary, a commercial enterprise informed by digitized corpus data from modern literary, technical, and journalistic writing.
The Brain and Body’s Threat System Functioning in Those with NSSI
Authors: Carosella Katherine A. , Wiglesworth Andrea , Başgöze Zeynep , Cullen Kathryn R. , Klimes-Dougan Bonnie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) defies the core purpose of the brain and body’s threat processing and response system: self-preservation and protection from harm. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis coordinates the endocrine response to threats. Preliminary evidence suggests that individuals who engage in NSSI demonstrate blunted cortisol responses to stressors and possibly elevations in basal cortisol. The neural threat system involves the amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and insula. Individuals with a history of NSSI have been shown to have structural alterations in and between the ACC, insula, and amygdala. Functional connectivity between the amygdala and PFC has been shown to be altered in adolescents with a history of NSSI as well. Further, individuals with a history of NSSI have been shown to have increased amygdala activation in response to emotional stimuli. Work that integrates multiple modes of measuring stress response has shown discordance between the HPA axis response, experience of stress, and expression of stress among those with more severe NSSI. More work is needed to disentangle discordance within the threat processing system. Additionally, there is a need for more nuanced understanding of (a) environmental mechanisms of risk and protection, (b) implications of sustained engagement in NSSI, and (c) a broader array of pathology as it relates to biological threat-system disturbances for those who engage in NSSI. Future work on NSSI should explore ways to mitigate the impact of risk factors and leverage the protective factors and neurobiological and psychological underpinnings of NSSI to identify novel treatment modalities.
Theoretical Models Linking NSSI to Suicide
Authors: Victor Sarah E. , Christensen Kirsten , Trieu Terry H. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is associated with suicidal ideation (SI) and capability for suicidal behavior. This chapter describes theoretical models of suicide in relation to NSSI, with implications for research and clinical practice. First, theories emphasize cognitive influences on suicide associated with NSSI, such as rumination, impaired problem-solving, and negative attributional style. These factors may exacerbate hopelessness, increasing risk for both NSSI and SI. Second, interpersonal difficulties are core to several suicide theories. NSSI is associated with loneliness, poor social support, and victimization; moreover, NSSI may prompt negative reactions from others, exacerbating interpersonal risk factors for SI. Finally, suicide theories often highlight the role of negative views of self in desire for suicide. NSSI is strongly associated with self-criticism, occurs as a means of self-punishment, and is frequently followed by guilt and shame, which may exacerbate negative self-views contributing to SI. NSSI is also associated with suicide capability. This may be due to differences in pain sensitivity or tolerance, fearlessness about death, exposure to painful and provocative events, or impulsivity, each of which has exhibited associations with NSSI. Further, NSSI involves repeated exposure to injury and pain, which may explain why chronic and severe NSSI elevates risk of suicide attempts. Taken together, research highlights the importance of assessing NSSI and suicide risk and protective factors in clinical practice, while leaving open unanswered questions about potentially causal relationships between these related, but distinct, experiences. Longitudinal work is needed to understand how NSSI most appropriately fits within existing theoretical models of suicide.
Trade Policy in Historical Political Economy
Authors: Irwin Douglas A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a brief overview of how different economic interests interact with a country’s political system in determining its foreign trade policy. The main instrument of trade policy is the import tariff. In the case of the United States, Congressional voting on trade legislation is affected by various regional economic interests. Trade policy can change as different regions gain or lose political power, and as shifts in trade flows affect different constituencies in new ways. The chapter also examines the role of political parties in the setting of US trade policy.
The Role of Heritage Communities in Cultural Heritage Management
Authors: Pinton Simona 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter investigates the role of communities and social groups in cultural heritage management, in the name of the participatory and cooperative processes promoted at the level of international law. The predominant focus will be on the Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society (the Faro Convention) and the innovative notion of heritage communities it introduces. Aware of the meaningful contribution that effective participatory processes ensure in the safeguarding of cultural heritage, heritage communities have carved out, and now increasingly claim, a decisive role in cultural heritage management, alone, in cooperation with public authorities, or even in contrast to those authorities. In addition, many social and civil groups already act as heritage communities themselves without being aware yet of the Faro Convention. Over the last decade, the initiatives developed on the ground by communities at the domestic level, and also through sharing experiences and suggestions at the transnational level, show how heritage communities in many European states identify themselves in places, traditions, tangible/intangible goods, and history and actively engage to protect, regenerate, and transmit them. At the same time, a push for heritage communities to engage in the definition, safeguarding, and management of cultural heritage reveals the contribution of civil society’s actions toward improving the quality of democratic processes, fostering local economic and social development, and addressing pressing current issues such as migrants’ inclusion, depopulation, and gentrification.
Improving Accessibility and Inclusion in the Performing Arts for People with Disabilities
Authors: Amidei Allison , SV Flys Elena 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
At this pivotal moment in the movement for social justice and inclusion, there exists a contradiction in the performing arts field. Fifteen percent of the world’s population has a disability, making disabled people the “world’s largest minority” and one of the most marginalized groups in our society according to metrics such as poverty, education, health, and a lack of available services. It is also a group that any one of us can join at any time in our lives. Despite the significant size of this demographic, people with disabilities experience disproportionate barriers to participation in the performing arts. In order to address this contradiction, the performing arts needs to engage in a major change. The first step is to move beyond a “checking-the-boxes” approach for providing access and inclusion for the disabled community based solely on what is legally required. To illustrate some of the possible changes to enact, this chapter examines the challenges and benefits of incorporating accessibility in performing arts organizations by conducting qualitative surveys of performing artists, managers, and leaders with expertise about accessibility and inclusion in the United States and Spain. The chapter presents the results from thirty surveys. By considering the perspective of performing arts practitioners with disabilities when it comes to access barriers, funding concerns, employment and representation issues, and attitudinal challenges common to the accessibility implementation process, performing arts managers can improve access inclusion for people with disabilities in the performing arts.
Persius’s Paradoxes
Authors: Kachuck Aaron 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Persius’s Satires teach poets how to do things with philosophy, and with philosophers, tasks for which Roman satirists were, perhaps, uniquely suited: as Isaac Casaubon put it in the Prolegomenato his 1605 commentary, “Both satire and ethical philosophy treat of mores,” but Persius’s Satires, Casaubon goes on to say, go above and beyond officium’s call: Persius is “more philosophical” (φιλοσοφικότερος) than Horace (and, by extension, Horace’s satiric predecessor, Lucilius) but he is also a more stable support for the Stoic porch than Chrysippus, or even Zeno, the school’s founder. Casaubon had his own reasons for painting Persius as Stoic hero, but this chapter shows that he was not off the mark, especially as regards the so-called Stoic paradoxes: although these made periodic appearances in the satires of Horace, and perhaps in Varro’s works before him, in the works of Persius they are what hold the poet’s scattered satiric persona, and poetic corpus, together, from puzzling start to quizzical conclusion, and are central to his poem’s “paradoxical capability,” designed, like A.A. Long’s Hellenistic philosophers, “to challenge and intrigue and undermine complacency.” This chapter, linking the too-often divided magesteria of Latin literature and philosophy, opens with a summary account of the positive philosophical content of Persius’s paradoxes by way of a coordinated reading of Cicero’s Paradoxa Stoicorum. It then demonstrates how paradoxes inflect the total structure of Persius’ Satires, and, in particular, their beginning and end.