bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of automation on firms’ carbon dioxide emissions of China
Authors: Lu Yue , Tian Jilin , Ma Minghui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper empirically analyzes the impact of automation upon firms’ carbon dioxide emissions (CO2 emissions) of China by using data for the period 1998–2009. Our research yields a few findings. First, we find that automation as measured by the robot density can reduce firms’ CO2 emissions intensity. Specifically, 1% increase in the robot density leads to a 0.018% decrease in CO2 emissions intensity. Second, we find that automation reduces firms’ CO2 emissions intensity by promoting firms’ technological innovation and improving management efficiency. Finally, we find that automation exerts a greater impact on reducing CO2 emissions intensity for firms in industries with high CO2 emissions intensity rather than low CO2 emissions intensity, and for firms in capital-intensive industries rather than non-capital-intensive industries, as well as firms in industries with high servitization of manufacturing rather than low servitization of manufacturing. Moreover, the mitigating effects of automation have been given greater play on firms’ CO2 emissions intensity after the global financial crisis.
The Cost of Wrongdoing to Bystander Firms
Authors: Lee Minjung , Lee Mina , Lee Seung-Hyun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe argue that a taken-for-granted category gives way to a new category when strategic behavior becomes stigmatized. As a result, even bystander firms that have engaged in similar strategic behavior, such as lobbying, will be penalized by their association with the culpable strategic behavior. The extent of their association with the culpable behavior will determine the level of punishment they receive. However, if a trustworthy third party administers a corrective measure, the affected firms can regain their lost legitimacy. The extent of their restoration is proportional to the amount of legitimacy that was lost. We provide empirical evidence for this argument by analyzing the Jack Abramoff case, one of the most notorious corrupt lobbying cases in US history. We find that bystander firms were penalized by shareholders when the corrupt lobbying was revealed. Furthermore, the penalty was more severe for bystander firms that engaged in more lobbying activities and hired more revolving-door lobbyists. We also find that the subsequent legal remedy helped the bystander firms that were penalized the most to recover the most from their losses. We confirm the theoretical notion using the Enron case as well.
Angehrn-Siu-Helmke’s method applied to abelian varieties
Authors: Jiang Zhi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We apply Angehrn-Siu-Helmke’s method to estimate basepoint freeness thresholds of higher dimensional polarized abelian varieties. We showed that a conjecture of Caucci holds for very general polarized abelian varieties in the moduli spaces

$\mathcal {A}_{g, l}$

with only finitely many possible exceptions of primitive polarization types l in each dimension g. We improved the bound of basepoint freeness thresholds of any polarized abelian

$4$

-folds and simple abelian

$5$

-folds.
Making inroads to precision medicine for the treatment of autoimmune diseases: Harnessing genomic studies to better diagnose and treat complex disorders
Authors: Baglaenko Yuriy , Wagner Catriona , Bhoj Vijay G. , Brodin Petter , Gershwin M. Eric , Graham Daniel , Invernizzi Pietro , Kidd Kenneth K. , Korsunsky Ilya , Levy Michael , Mammen Andrew L. , Nizet Victor , Ramirez-Valle Francisco , Stites Edward C. , Williams Marc S. , Wilson Michael , Rose Noel R. , Ladd Virginia , Sirota Marina 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Precision Medicine is an emerging approach for disease treatment and prevention that takes into account individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle. Autoimmune diseases are those in which the body’s natural defense system loses discriminating power between its own cells and foreign cells, causing the body to mistakenly attack healthy tissues. These conditions are very heterogeneous in their presentation and therefore difficult to diagnose and treat. Achieving precision medicine in autoimmune diseases has been challenging due to the complex etiologies of these conditions, involving an interplay between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. However, recent technological and computational advances in molecular profiling have helped identify patient subtypes and molecular pathways which can be used to improve diagnostics and therapeutics. This review discusses the current understanding of the disease mechanisms, heterogeneity, and pathogenic autoantigens in autoimmune diseases gained from genomic and transcriptomic studies and highlights how these findings can be applied to better understand disease heterogeneity in the context of disease diagnostics and therapeutics.
The Smart Beta Mirage
Authors: Huang Shiyang , Song Yang , Xiang Hong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe document and explain the sharp performance deterioration of smart beta indexes after the corresponding exchange-traded funds (ETFs) are launched for investment. While smart beta is purported to deliver excess returns through factor exposures, the market-adjusted return of smart beta indexes drops from about 3% “on paper” before ETF listings to about −0.50% to −1% after ETF listings. This performance decline cannot be explained by variation in factor premia, strategic timing, or diminishing returns to scale. Instead, we find strong evidence of data mining in the construction of smart beta indexes, which helps ETFs attract flows, as investors respond positively to backtests.
Shouting absences: Disentangling the ghosts of Ukraine in occupied Crimea
Authors: Volvach Natalia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article aims to illuminate absences in the semiotic landscape of Crimea, resulting from the erasure of Ukraine after Russia's occupation of Crimea in 2014. By foregrounding what is not there, the study expands semiotic landscapes studies and critical sociolinguistic research more generally by interrogating absence and its haunting effects. More than 3,500 photographs of semiotic landscapes collected over two months of fieldwork between 2017 and 2019 together with fieldnotes serve as ethnographic data. The production of absence is interrogated through an analysis of its material effects, that is, voids, holes, and blank walls. It concludes that erasure does not simply negate Ukraine. Instead, pasts remain present, visible, and audible in semiotic landscapes. Absences, as part of a relational ontology of materiality, discourse, and affect, shout about complex invisibilized histories of violence. In this way, they suggest the need to probe traditional approaches in semiotic landscape research that rely on an ontology of presence. (Absence, trace, materiality, ghost, spectre, haunting, Crimea, Ukraine, semiotic landscape, linguistic landscape, interdiscursivity)*
The Relationship Between Air Quality, Health Outcomes, and Socioeconomic Impacts of the COVID‐19 Pandemic in the US
Authors: Rives Robin , Elshorbany Yasin , Kaylor Sydney 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCOVID‐19 lockdowns caused significant improvements in air quality in US states where traffic emissions are the main pollution source. In this study, we investigate the socioeconomic impacts of the COVID‐19‐related lockdowns in states which experienced the greatest changes in air quality, especially among different demographic populations and those with contraindications to health. We administered a 47‐question survey and collected 1,000 valid responses in these cities. Our results show that 74% of respondents within our survey sample had some level of concern regarding air quality. In agreement with previous literature, perceptions of air quality were not significantly correlated with measured air quality criteria but rather seemed to be influenced by other factors. Respondents in Los Angeles were the most concerned about air quality followed by Miami, San Francisco, and New York City. However, those from Chicago and Tampa Bay expressed the least amount of concern about air quality. Age, education, and ethnicity were all factors affecting peoples' concerns about air quality. Respiratory conditions, living in proximity to industrial areas, and financial impacts from the COVID‐19 lockdowns influenced concerns about air quality. About 40% of the survey sample reported greater concern for air quality during the pandemic, while approximately 50% stated that the lockdown didn’t affect their perception. Furthermore, respondents seemed concerned about air quality in general, not a specific pollutant, and are willing to adopt additional measures and more stringent policies to improve air quality in all investigated cities.
High‐Resolution Gridded Temperature and Salinity Fields From Argo Floats Based on a Spatiotemporal Four‐Dimensional Multigrid Analysis Method
Authors: Zhou Gongfu , Han Guijun , Li Wei , Wang Xuan , Wu Xiaobo , Cao Lige , Li Chaoliang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe shortage of in situ ocean observations greatly limits the development of gridded ocean subsurface environmental analysis products. Fully using the correlated information of the observations in time and space is an appropriate approach to this problem. Here we adopt a method of spatiotemporal four‐dimensional multigrid analysis. A weekly gridded Argo product is also constructed in the Northwest Pacific Ocean (0°–40°N, 120°–152°E) from 2005 to 2020, with a horizontal resolution of 0.5° × 0.5° and 65 layers in the upper 1,500 m. Then, the gridded Argo product is evaluated by using in situ Argo floats, satellite altimeter data, the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean/Triangle Trans‐Ocean Buoy Network (TAO/TRITON), high‐resolution shipboard observations and some global gridded Argo products. Compared with in situ Argo floats, the reconstructed fields retain the spatiotemporal information of Argo floats well. The maximum vertical root mean square errors of temperature and salinity between the gridded Argo product and in situ Argo floats are less than 0.47°C and 0.06 psu respectively. In addition, the product agrees well with independent observations of satellite altimeter data, TAO/TRITON. Compared with shipboard observations, the product can well reflect the structure of mesoscale eddies and detect some small‐scale water masses. Compared with global gridded Argo products, our product retains more mesoscale features and has spatiotemporal correlation.
Accelerating the Lagrangian Particle Tracking in Hydrologic Modeling to Continental‐Scale
Authors: Yang Chen , Ponder Carl , Wang Bei , Tran Hoang , Zhang Jun , Swilley Jackson , Condon Laura , Maxwell Reed 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnprecedented climate change and anthropogenic activities have induced increasing ecohydrological problems, motivating the development of large‐scale hydrologic modeling for solutions. Water age/quality is as important as water quantity for understanding the terrestrial water cycle. However, scientific progress in tracking water parcels at large‐scale with high spatiotemporal resolutions is far behind that in simulating water balance/quantity owing to the lack of powerful modeling tools. EcoSLIM is a particle tracking model working with ParFlow‐CLM that couples integrated surface‐subsurface hydrology with land surface processes. Here, we demonstrate a parallel framework on distributed, multi‐Graphics Processing Unit platforms with Compute Unified Device Architecture‐Aware Message Passing Interface for accelerating EcoSLIM to continental‐scale. In tests from catchment‐, to regional‐, and then to continental‐scale using 25‐million to 1.6‐billion particles, EcoSLIM shows significant speedup and excellent parallel performance. The parallel framework is portable to atmospheric and oceanic particle tracking models, where the parallelization is inadequate, and a standard parallel framework is also absent. The parallelized EcoSLIM is a promising tool to accelerate our understanding of the terrestrial water cycle and the upscaling of subsurface hydrology to Earth System Models.
Cenozoic Shortening and Propagation in the Eastern Kuqa Fold‐And‐Thrust Belt, South Tian Shan, NW China
Authors: Li Feng , Cheng Xiaogan , Chen Hanlin , Shi Xuhua , Li Yong , Charreau Julien , Weldon Ray 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn an orogen‐foreland basin system, syn‐orogenic sedimentation and deformation records within the foreland basin provide critical evidence for understanding uplift and erosion processes of adjacent orogenic belts. Foreland fold‐and‐thrust belts (FTBs) are widely developed around the Tian Shan range, Central Asia. Problem of how crustal shortening accumulates and propagates from the Tian Shan to adjacent foreland basins is essential for understanding the overall dynamics of Tian Shan. In this study, we interpreted three high‐resolution seismic reflection profiles to estimate the magnitude and distribution of Cenozoic shortening across the Eastern Kuqa FTB, South Tian Shan foreland. Combined with well‐dated syntectonic stratigraphy, we further evaluate the timing, rate, and migration of the deformation front of the Kuqa FTB. Our results suggest that the Kuqa FTB's total crustal shortening increases westward. The distribution of crustal shortening across secondary structural belts shows a gradual, basinward decrease, which can be explained by the telescoped mechanism. Propagation rates of the Kuqa FTB's deformation front indicate an episodic propagation of the foreland thrust wedge, with an acceleration after ∼12 Ma. Similar episodic propagation pattern has also been observed in other foreland FTBs around the Tian Shan, but they show significant spatio‐temporal variations in the propagation stages and related rates.
Thank You to Our 2022 Peer Reviewers
Authors: Rajaram Harihar , Camargo Suzana , Cappa Christopher D. , Dombard Andrew J. , Donohue Kathleen A. , Feakins Sarah , Flesch Lucy , Giannini Alessandra , Gu Yu , Huber Christian , Ivanov Valeriy , Karnauskas Kristopher , Korte Monika , Lu Gang , Magnusdottir Gudrun , Morlighem Mathieu , Prieto Germán A. , Qiu Bo , Su Hui , Sun Daoyuan , Wang Kaicun , Whalen Caitlin , White Angelicque E. , Williams Quentin , Yau Andrew 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOn behalf of the journal, AGU, and the scientific community, the editors of Geophysical Research Letters would like to sincerely thank those who reviewed manuscripts for us in 2022. The hours reading and commenting on manuscripts not only improve the manuscripts, but also increase the scientific rigor of future research in the field. With the advent of AGU's data policy, many reviewers have also helped immensely to evaluate the accessibility and availability of data, and many have provided insightful comments that helped to improve the data presentation and quality. We greatly appreciate the assistance of the reviewers in advancing open science, which is a key objective of AGU's data policy. We particularly appreciate the timely reviews in light of the demands imposed by the rapid review process at Geophysical Research Letters. We received 6,687 submissions in 2022 and 5,247 reviewers contributed to their evaluation by providing 8,720 reviews in total. We deeply appreciate their contributions in these challenging times.
An Efficient, Time‐Dependent High Speed Stream Model and Application to Solar Wind Forecasts
Authors: Kay C. , Nieves‐Chinchilla T. , Hofmeister S. J. , Palmerio E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPredicting space weather effects of the solar wind requires knowing the location and properties of any embedded high speed streams (HSSs) or stream interactions regions (SIRs) that form as the fast solar wind catches up to slow preceding wind. Additionally, this background solar wind affects the evolution of coronal mass ejections. We present the Mostly Empirical Operation Wind with a High Speed Stream (MEOW‐HiSS) model, which runs nearly instantaneously. This model is derived from magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of an idealized HSS emanating from a circular coronal hole. We split the MHD HSS radial profiles into small regions well‐described by simple functions (e.g., flat, linear, exponential, sinusoidal) that can be constrained using the MHD values. We then determine how the region boundaries and the constraining values change with CH area and the radial distance of the HSS front. MEOW‐HiSS only requires this area and distance to reproduce the corresponding radial profile with an error of less than 10% for most parameters. MEOW‐HiSS produces profiles at any subsequent times with almost no loss in accuracy. We compare MEOW‐HiSS results to four HSS observed in situ at 1 au. We present a method for determining MEOW‐HiSS inputs from extreme ultra‐violet images and use these values to hindcast the observed cases. We find average accuracies of 2.8 cm−3 in the number density (50% error over the full profile), 56.7 km/s in the radial velocity (10%), 2.2 nT in the absolute radial magnetic field (50%), 1.6 nT in the absolute longitudinal magnetic field (50%), and 7 × 104 K in the temperature (50%).
Glycerol metabolism supports oral commensal interactions
Authors: Treerat Puthayalai , Anderson David , Giacaman Rodrigo A , Merritt Justin , Kreth Jens 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
During oral biofilm development, interspecies interactions drive species distribution and biofilm architecture. To understand what molecular mechanisms determine these interactions, we used information gained from recent biogeographical investigations demonstrating an association of corynebacteria with streptococci. We previously reported that Streptococcus sanguinis and Corynebacterium durum have a close relationship through the production of membrane vesicle and fatty acids leading to S. sanguinis chain elongation and overall increased fitness supporting their commensal state. Here we present the molecular mechanisms of this interspecies interaction. Coculture experiments for transcriptomic analysis identified several differentially expressed genes in S. sanguinis. Due to its connection to fatty acid synthesis, we focused on the glycerol-operon. We further explored the differentially expressed type IV pili genes due to their connection to motility and biofilm adhesion. Gene inactivation of the glycerol kinase glpK had a profound impact on the ability of S. sanguinis to metabolize C. durum secreted glycerol and impaired chain elongation important for their interaction. Investigations on the effect of type IV pili revealed a reduction of S. sanguinis twitching motility in the presence of C. durum, which was caused by a decrease in type IV pili abundance on the surface of S. sanguinis as determined by SEM. In conclusion, we identified that the ability to metabolize C. durum produced glycerol is crucial for the interaction of C. durum and S. sanguinis. Reduced twitching motility could lead to a closer interaction of both species, supporting niche development in the oral cavity and potentially shaping symbiotic health-associated biofilm communities.
Atomistic learning in the electronically grand-canonical ensemble
Authors: Chen Xi , El Khatib Muammar , Lindgren Per , Willard Adam , Medford Andrew J. , Peterson Andrew A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA strategy is presented for the machine-learning emulation of electronic structure calculations carried out in the electronically grand-canonical ensemble. The approach relies upon a dual-learning scheme, where both the system charge and the system energy are predicted for each image. The scheme is shown to be capable of emulating basic electrochemical reactions at a range of potentials, and coupling it with a bootstrap-ensemble approach gives reasonable estimates of the prediction uncertainty. The method is also demonstrated to accelerate saddle-point searches, and to extrapolate to systems with one to five water layers. We anticipate that this method will allow for larger length- and time-scale simulations necessary for electrochemical simulations.
Shorter planning depth and higher response noise during sequential decision-making in old age
Authors: Steffen Johannes , Marković Dimitrije , Glöckner Franka , Neukam Philipp T. , Kiebel Stefan J. , Li Shu-Chen , Smolka Michael N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractForward planning is crucial to maximize outcome in complex sequential decision-making scenarios. In this cross-sectional study, we were particularly interested in age-related differences of forward planning. We presumed that especially older individuals would show a shorter planning depth to keep the costs of model-based decision-making within limits. To test this hypothesis, we developed a sequential decision-making task to assess forward planning in younger (age < 40 years; n = 25) and older (age > 60 years; n = 27) adults. By using reinforcement learning modelling, we inferred planning depths from participants' choices. Our results showed significantly shorter planning depths and higher response noise for older adults. Age differences in planning depth were only partially explained by well-known cognitive covariates such as working memory and processing speed. Consistent with previous findings, this indicates age-related shifts away from model-based behaviour in older adults. In addition to a shorter planning depth, our findings suggest that older adults also apply a variety of heuristical low-cost strategies.
Shallow shotgun sequencing reduces technical variation in microbiome analysis
Authors: La Reau Alex J. , Strom Noah B. , Filvaroff Ellen , Mavrommatis Konstantinos , Ward Tonya L. , Knights Dan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe microbiome is known to play a role in many human diseases, but identifying key microbes and their functions generally requires large studies due to the vast number of species and genes, and the high levels of intra-individual and inter-individual variation. 16S amplicon sequencing of the rRNA gene is commonly used for large studies due to its comparatively low sequencing cost, but it has poor taxonomic and functional resolution. Deep shotgun sequencing is a more accurate and comprehensive alternative for small studies, but can be cost-prohibitive for biomarker discovery in large populations. Shallow or moderate-depth shotgun metagenomics may serve as a viable alternative to 16S sequencing for large-scale and/or dense longitudinal studies, but only if resolution and reproducibility are comparable. Here we applied both 16S and shallow shotgun stool microbiome sequencing to a cohort of 5 subjects sampled twice daily and weekly, with technical replication at the DNA extraction and the library preparation/sequencing steps, for a total of 80 16S samples and 80 shallow shotgun sequencing samples. We found that shallow shotgun sequencing produced lower technical variation and higher taxonomic resolution than 16S sequencing, at a much lower cost than deep shotgun sequencing. These findings suggest that shallow shotgun sequencing provides a more specific and more reproducible alternative to 16S sequencing for large-scale microbiome studies where costs prohibit deep shotgun sequencing and where bacterial species are expected to have good coverage in whole-genome reference databases.