bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryo‐Electron Tomography of Toxoplasma gondii Indicates That the Conoid Fiber May Be Derived from Microtubules
Authors: Li Zhixun , Du Wenjing , Yang Jiong , Lai De‐Hua , Lun Zhao‐Rong , Guo Qiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractToxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis and can infect numerous warm‐blooded animals. An improved understanding of the fine structure of this parasite can help elucidate its replication mechanism. Previous studies have resolved the ultrastructure of the cytoskeleton using purified samples, which eliminates their cellular context. Here the application of cryo‐electron tomography to visualize T. gondii tachyzoites in their native state is reported. The fine structure and cellular distribution of the cytoskeleton are resolved and analyzed at nanometer resolution. Additionally, the tachyzoite structural characteristics are annotated during its endodyogeny for the first time. By comparing the structural features in mature tachyzoites and their daughter buds, it is proposed that the conoid fiber of the Apicomplexa originates from microtubules. This work represents the detailed molecular anatomy of T. gondii, particularly during the budding replication stage of tachyzoite, and provides a reference for further studies of this fascinating organism.
Metal‐Organic Framework Functionalized Bioceramic Scaffolds with Antioxidative Activity for Enhanced Osteochondral Regeneration
Authors: Shu Chaoqin , Qin Chen , Chen Lei , Wang Yufeng , Shi Zhe , Yu Jiangming , Huang Jimin , Zhao Chaoqian , Huan Zhiguang , Wu Chengtie , Zhu Min , Zhu Yufang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that often causes cartilage lesions and even osteochondral damage. Osteochondral defects induced by OA are accompanied by an inflammatory arthrosis microenvironment with overproduced reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the exacerbation of defects and difficulty regenerating osteochondral tissues. Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop osteochondral scaffolds that can not only promote the integrated regeneration of cartilage and subchondral bone, but also possess ROS‐scavenging ability to protect tissues from oxidative stress. Herein, zinc‐cobalt bimetallic organic framework (Zn/Co‐MOF) functionalized bioceramic scaffolds are designed for repairing osteochondral defects under OA environment. By functionalizing Zn/Co‐MOF on the 3D‐printed beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) scaffolds, the Zn/Co‐MOF functionalized β‐TCP (MOF‐TCP) scaffolds with broad‐spectrum ROS‐scavenging ability are successfully developed. Benefiting from its catalytic active sites and degradation products, Zn/Co‐MOF endows the scaffolds with excellent antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory properties to protect cells from ROS invasion, as well as dual‐bioactivities of simultaneously inducing osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo results confirm that MOF‐TCP scaffolds accelerate the integrated regeneration of cartilage and subchondral bone in severe osteochondral defects. This study offers a promising strategy for treating defects induced by OA as well as other inflammatory diseases.
Anomalous Hall Conductivity and Nernst Effect of the Ideal Weyl Semimetallic Ferromagnet EuCd2As2
Authors: Roychowdhury Subhajit , Yao Mengyu , Samanta Kartik , Bae Seokjin , Chen Dong , Ju Sailong , Raghavan Arjun , Kumar Nitesh , Constantinou Procopios , Guin Satya N. , Plumb Nicholas Clark , Romanelli Marisa , Borrmann Horst , Vergniory Maia G. , Strocov Vladimir N. , Madhavan Vidya , Shekhar Chandra , Felser Claudia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWeyl semimetal is a unique topological phase with topologically protected band crossings in the bulk and robust surface states called Fermi arcs. Weyl nodes always appear in pairs with opposite chiralities, and they need to have either time‐reversal or inversion symmetry broken. When the time‐reversal symmetry is broken the minimum number of Weyl points (WPs) is two. If these WPs are located at the Fermi level, they form an ideal Weyl semimetal (WSM). In this study, intrinsic ferromagnetic (FM) EuCd2As2 are grown, predicted to be an ideal WSM and studied its electronic structure by angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy which agrees closely with the first principles calculations. Moreover, anomalous Hall conductivity and Nernst effect are observed, resulting from the non‐zero Berry curvature, and the topological Hall effect arising from changes in the band structure caused by spin canting produced by magnetic fields. These findings can help realize several exotic quantum phenomena in inorganic topological materials that are otherwise difficult to assess because of the presence of multiple pairs of Weyl nodes.
Bubble Up Induced Graphene Microspheres for Engineering Capacitive Energy Storage
Authors: Li Xiangming , Zheng Qinwen , Li Congming , Liu Gangqiang , Yang Qingzhen , Wang Yingche , Sun Pengcheng , Tian Hongmiao , Wang Chunhui , Chen Xiaoliang , Shao Jinyou 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTranslating the material merits of graphene to practical supercapacitor devices is critical for promoting capacitive energy storage, but is challenging due to the limited scalability in fabricating high‐performance graphene electrode films. Here, we demonstrate a method for fabricating graphene microsphere films, formed by the bubble‐induced destruction and agglomeration of the self‐assembled toplayer of mixed graphene oxide and exfoliated graphene over an adequately heated solution. The microspheres have compact, randomly distributed graphene flakes, endowing the films with a high bulk density (0.92 g cm−3) and ion conductivity to allow ultrahigh charge/discharge current densities of up to 1,000 A g−1 in an ionic liquid. The stack cell with an areal mass loading of 10 mg cm−2 exhibits an excellent energy density of 83.4 Wh L−1, superior to the state‐of‐the‐art carbon‐based supercapacitors, and approaching that of lead‐acid batteries. More importantly, a meter‐scale film is fabricated within half a minute by a developed roll‐to‐roll process, demonstrating the enormous potential of these films in the industrial manufacturing of supercapacitors. Furthermore, the film electrode is infilled with an ionogel electrolyte and assembled into an all‐solid‐state, flexible device with durable flexibility and multiple optional outputs, demonstrating the potential of these supercapacitors for powering flexible electronic devices.
Design of a Teflon‐Like Anion for Unprecedently Enhanced Lithium Metal Polymer Batteries
Authors: Tong Bo , Song Ziyu , Feng Wenfang , Zhu Jing , Yu Hailong , Huang Xuejie , Armand Michel , Zhou Zhibin , Zhang Heng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRechargeable lithium metal polymer batteries (LMPBs) utilizing solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have gained increasing attention during the past five decades, owing to the superior flexibility, good process‐ability, and no‐leakage of SPEs versus traditional non‐aqueous liquid and inorganic solid electrolytes. Undoubtedly, among all of the SPE components, salt anions have a significant impact on the overall performances of LMPBs. Yet, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, being commonly applied in the prevailing SPEs shows relatively poor interphasial stability toward lithium metal (Li°) anode, which greatly impedes the long‐term cycling stability of LMPBs. Herein, a Teflon‐like sulfonimide salt, lithium bis(n‐nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)imide (LiNFSI), is ingeniously selected for modulating the properties of solid–electrolyte‐interphases on the anode side, in view of the peculiar film‐forming ability of n‐nonafluorobutanesulfonyl group. In‐depth physical, chemical, and electrochemical characterizations demonstrate that the incorporation of the Teflon‐like anion, NFSI−, results in a remarkably enhanced electrochemical stability between Li° anode and SPEs, with a negligible expense of ionic conductivities. The Teflon‐like sulfonimide anion suggested in this work provides an elegant path toward the wider application of LMPBs in energy storage and electric vehicles in the near future.
Ion Selective and Water Resistant Cellulose Nanofiber/MXene Membrane Enabled Cycling Zn Anode at High Currents
Authors: Xu Wangwang , Liao Xiaobin , Xu Weina , Zhao Kangning , Yao Guang , Wu Qinglin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) are regarded as a promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage devices but strongly hindered by the limited utilization of the zinc metal anode (below 5%) due to the active water/anion corrosion. Herein, an ion selective and water‐resistant cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/MXene composite membrane has been developed through molecular sieving to restrict active water and anions from the electrode/electrolyte interface through dehydration of zinc ions, avoiding the water/anion‐induced corrosion/decomposition. In this way, the CNF/MXene@Zn anode exhibits significantly enhanced coulombic efficiency (99.5 % at 10 mA cm‐2) and low voltage hysteresis. Moreover, coated with CNF/MXene composite membrane, zinc symmetric batteries can be operated at the extremely high current of 100 mA cm‐2 and ultra‐high Zn utilization of 88.2% to achieve record‐high cumulative plating capacity of 12 Ah cm‐2. Furthermore, the full vanadium dioxide (VO2) |CNF/MXene@Zn batteries exhibit a high capacity of 357 mAh g‐1 at 2 A g‐1 and retain 93.3% of the capacity after 500 cycles. Moreover, at negative/ positive capacity (N/P) ratio of 2.8, the CNF/MXene membrane coated zinc is able to stably cycle for 100 cycles, demonstrating the potential for high energy zinc battery. This designed CNF/MXene membrane enables ZIBs as viable energy storage devices for practical applications.
Modeling covariance structures for genetic and non‐genetic effects in cowpea multi‐environment trials
Authors: Araújo Maurício dos Santos , Chaves Saulo Fabrício da Silva , Damasceno‐Silva Kaesel Jackson , Dias Luiz Antônio dos Santos , de Rocha Maurisrael de Moura 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn cowpea breeding, multi‐environment trials are conducted to select lines with high yield. The occurrence of genetic and/or statistical imbalance is common in these experiments, in addition to the possibility of (co)variance between genetic and non‐genetic effects. We explore the restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction features to select the model with the most appropriated covariance structure and compare the results with the traditional model (homogenous variances and no covariances). Then, 17 inbred lines and three cultivars were evaluated in six experiments during two crop years in the semiarid zone of Northeast Brazil. The trait evaluated was the 100‐grain weight. We selected the best model considering the Akaike Information Criterion. The model with diagonal structure for the residual effects and heterogeneous compound symmetry for the genetic effects had the best fit. The predicted genetic gain of lines selected in this model was 1.18% higher compared to the traditional model. Modeling different (co)variance structures for genetic and non‐genetic effects is an efficient approach in selecting superior genotypes in multi‐environment trials in cowpea breeding.
Contribution of Alzheimer's disease pathology to biological and clinical progression: A longitudinal study across two cohorts
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Hui‐Fu , Kuo Kevin , Wang Linbo , Li Yuzhu , Yu Jintai , Feng Jianfeng , Cheng Wei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAmyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, tau accumulation, and brain atrophy occurr in sequence, but the contribution of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology to biological and clinical progression remains unclear.METHODSWe included 290 and 70 participants with longitudinal assessment on Aβ‐positron emission tomography (PET), tau‐PET, magnetic resonance imaging, and cognitive function from the Harvard Aging Brain Study (HABS) and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) datasets, respectively. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM) was used to determine the contribution of AD pathology to the biological and clinical longitudinal changes.RESULTSImaging biomarkers and cognitive function were significantly associated in cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses. At the final time point, the percentage of variance explained by PLS‐SEM was 27% for Aβ, 30% for tau (Aβ accounted for 61%), 29% for brain atrophy (tau accounted for 37%), and 37% for cognitive decline (brain atrophy accounted for 35%).DISCUSSIONThis study highlights distinctive contributing proportions of AD pathology to biological and clinical progression. Treatments targeting Aβ and tau may partially block AD progression.
A call for clinical trial globalization in Alzheimer's disease and related dementia
Authors: Llibre‐Guerra Jorge J. , Heavener Anika , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi , Marante Juan Pablo Díaz , Pintado‐Caipa Maritza , Chen Yaohua , Behrens María Isabel , Hardi Angela , Admirall‐Sanchez Arianna , Akinyemi Rufus , Alladi Suvarna , Dorsman Karen A. , Rodriguez‐Salgado Ana M. , Solorzano Joel , Babulal Ganesh M. ,   for the Diversity and Disparity Professional Interest Area Increasing Sustained Diversity in Clinical Trials Working Group
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe burden of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) is projected to disproportionally impact low‐middle‐income countries (LMICs). However, there is a systematic under‐representation of LMICs in ADRD clinical trial platforms.MethodsWe aimed to determine the global distribution of ADRD clinical trials and identify existing barriers for conducting clinical trials in LMICs. Primary data sources to identify trial distribution in LMICs included ClinicalTrials.gov and the International Trials Registry Platform. An additional systematic review and expert consensus interviews were conducted to identify barriers for conducting clinical trials in LMICs.FindingsAmong 1237 disease‐modifying therapies tested in ADRD clinical trials, only 11.6% have been or are conducted in emerging economies (upper‐middle income [9.6%] and low‐middle income [2.0%]). We identified several limitations for trial implementation including a lack of financial resources, low industry presence, regulatory obstacles, and operational barriersInterpretationAlthough LMICs bear the greatest burden of ADRD globally, substantial development of clinical trial platforms to address this inequity and health disparity is lacking.
Differences between ante mortem Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in predicting neuropathology at autopsy
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Bo , Tan Lan , Wang Hui‐Fu , Chen Shi‐Dong , Fu Yan , Gao Pei‐Yang , Ma Ya‐Hui , Guo Yu , Hou Jia‐Hui , Zhang Dan‐Dan , Yu Jin‐Tai ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to assess whether biomarkers related to amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration can accurately predict Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology at autopsy in early and late clinical stages.MethodsWe included 100 participants who had ante mortem biomarker measurements and underwent post mortem neuropathological examination. Based on ante mortem clinical diagnosis, participants were divided into non‐dementia and dementia, as early or late clinical stages.ResultsAmyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta (Aβ)42/phosphorylated tau (p‐tau)181 showed excellent performance in differentiating autopsy‐confirmed AD and predicting the risk of neuropathological changes in early and late clinical stages. However, CSF Aβ42 performed better in the early clinical stage, while CSF p‐tau181, CSF t‐tau, and plasma p‐tau181 performed better in the late clinical stage.DiscussionOur findings provide important clinical information that, if using PET, CSF, and plasma biomarkers to detect AD pathology, researchers must consider their differential performances at different clinical stages of AD.Highlights
Amyloid PET and CSF Aβ42/p‐tau181 were the most promising candidate biomarkers for predicting AD pathology.
CSF Aβ42 can serve as a candidate predictive biomarker in the early clinical stage of AD.
CSF p‐tau181, CSF t‐tau, and plasma p‐tau181 can serve as candidate predictive biomarkers in the late clinical stage of AD.
Combining APOE ε4 genotypes can significantly improve the predictive accuracy of AD‐related biomarkers for AD pathology.
Evaluating memory testing to distinguish dementia severity among White, Black, and Spanish‐speaking individuals in the Uniform Data Set (UDS)
Authors: Loizos Maria , Zhu Carolyn W. , Akrivos Jimmy , Sewell Margaret , Li Clara , Neugroschl Judith , Melnick Jonah , Ljekocevic Martin , Martin Jane , Grossman Hillel , Aloysi Amy , Schimming Corbett , Sano Mary 
Published: February 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONLittle work has compared the effectiveness of using multiple types of memory tests alone or in combination to distinguish dementia severity in diverse research cohorts including Black individuals and Spanish speakers. Here we evaluate word list and paragraph recall tests to distinguish cognitively normal, mild cognitively impaired, and those with Alzheimer's disease in diverse cohorts.METHODSUsing Uniform Data Set (UDS) and site‐specific supplemental data, logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristic–area under the curve were used to compare paragraph recall versus word list in differentiating among Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale level.RESULTSResults reveal high discriminability for all groups and no difference between either test in distinguishing between CDR levels. Combining tests improved discriminability for the whole group but did not for Black individuals or Spanish speakers.DISCUSSIONOur findings indicate that using multiple memory tests may not improve differentiation between cognitive impairment levels for diverse cohorts. The burden of added testing may be a barrier for maximizing inclusion of under‐represented groups in research.
Green preparation of bract extract (Musa acuminate) doped magnesium oxide nanoparticles and their bioefficacy
Authors: Shanmugam Jayashree , Sharmili Sundararaj Aruna , Shanmugasundaram Roshitha , Ravichandran Balaji , Mani Mahendrakumar , Mohammed Riyaz Savaas Umar , Dhayalan Manikandan , Cid‐Samamed Antonio , Simal‐Gandara Jesus 
Published: February 2023

Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) synthesized by efficient green approach have unique physiochemical properties. In this study, MgONPs are synthesized with bract extract of Musa acuminate, an agro waste. The surface plasmon resonance at 450 nm in UV spectrum and FTIR peaks at 601 and 890 cm−1 confirmed the presence of MgONPs. XRD pattern revealed high crystallinity of the nanoparticles with an intense orientation peak at 111, and the size was 13 nm. The particles were spherical with an average size of 24.85 nm. The elemental percentage of magnesium and oxygen were 68.55% and 31.45%. MgONPs had antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio parahemolyticus, and Staphylococcus aureus with MIC, 6 μg/mL. The IC50 value for MCF‐7 cell was 113.56 μg/mL, and the normal cell line was 785.69 μg/mL. The NPs also exhibited hemolytic features in a dose‐dependent manner. The MgONPs exhibited photocatalytic degradation of methyl violet, CBB G‐250, and malachite green in 60 min duration. MgONPs had promising antibacterial, cytotoxic, hemolytic, photocatalytic, and seed germination activity. They have the potential to serve as an additive in a variety of biological applications.
Effect of quinacridone content on the performance of graphene/epoxy coatings
Authors: Liu Ziqiang , Gao Hangshan , Wen Shifeng , Lin Hongjiao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this article, long‐lasting anti‐corrosion graphene/epoxy coatings were successfully prepared using quinacridone as dispersant by solution mixing method. The results showed that quinacridone and graphene can form π–π bonds and improve the dispersibility of each other in epoxy coatings. Mechanical and anti‐corrosion properties of epoxy coatings with different contents of quinacridone and graphene have been tested, the results showed that the optimum weight ratio of graphene to quinacridone was 2:5. The tensile strength of the epoxy coatings with 0.2 wt% graphene and 0.5 wt% quinacridone reached 8.12 MPa, which was 1.44 times of the pure epoxy coatings. Moreover, the impedance modulus of the coatings reinforced with quinacridone and graphene was greater than 1011 Ω·cm2 after being immersed in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 140 days, which was two orders of magnitude higher than that of the pure epoxy coatings. We found that the reason for the improved performance of the epoxy coatings was not only that quinacridone improved the dispersibility of graphene in the coatings, but also more importantly, quinacridone adsorbed on the surface of graphene to form scale‐like crystalline structures, which enables graphene to reduce folds and wrinkles, thus giving full play to the shielding effect of graphene against corrosion factors.
Metabolic interaction between biflavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaves and tacrolimus
Authors: Bai Jie , Zhang Chao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of biflavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaves on tacrolimus metabolism. First, the inhibitory effects of five main biflavonoids (amentoflavone, sciadopitysin, ginkgetin, isoginkgetin, bilobetin) in G. biloba leaves on tacrolimus metabolism were investigated in vitro in human liver microsomes (HLM), and the concentration‐dependent inhibition was further calculated. Then the time‐dependent inhibition activities of five biflavonoids were studied and the drug interaction was studied in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. Finally, the molecular mechanism of inhibition was explored by molecular docking. The results of in vitro incubation in HLM showed tacrolimus metabolism was strongly inhibited by amentoflavone, ginkgetin, and bilobetin, whose IC50 value was 5.57, 3.16, and 5.03 μM, respectively. The time‐dependent inhibition of the three above biflavonoids at 50 μM was 33.47%–50.89%. In the in vivo study in rats, the AUC0−t and Cmax of tacrolimus increased 3.8‐fold and 2.5‐fold after oral preadministration with amentoflavone. The molecular docking results showed that the inhibitory effect may be related to the formation of hydrogen bonds. The results showed that long‐term combination of G. biloba leaves and tacrolimus may cause drug–drug interactions. This study provided theoretical and experimental basis for rational drug use in clinical practice.
Development of HPLC–MS/MS assay for quantitation of ensartinib in human plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetics study in Chinese patients
Authors: Li Hua , Wang Yang , Chen Xuefei , Chen Chen , Cui Jianxin , Han Ying , Ding Lieming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEnsartinib is a novel anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor with potent activity against a broad range of known crizotinib‐resistant ALK mutations and is developed to treat patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer. This study was the first to develop and validate a rapid and sensitive HPLC–MS/MS method for the determination of ensartinib in human plasma. The plasma samples were extracted using liquid extraction, and chromatographic separation was performed using a Phenomenex, Luna phenyl‐hexyl column (50 × 2.0 mm, 5 μm). Electrospray ionization in positive‐ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring were used to monitor ion transitions at m/z 561.3 → 257.1 (ensartinib) and 565.2 → 261.2 (internal standard: X‐396‐d4), respectively. The method yielded excellent linearity in the range of 0.5–500 ng/ml with the lowest quantification of 0.5 ng/ml. Both intra‐ and inter‐run precisions (relative standard deviation %) were less than 15%, with accuracy (relative error %) between ±15%. Extraction recovery, matrix effect, selectivity, and stability were also validated and found to be satisfactory. Finally, the validated method was successfully applied in a phase I clinical study of ensartinib in Chinese subjects with advanced ALK‐positive non‐small‐cell lung cancer.