bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional excitatory to inhibitory synaptic imbalance and loss of cognitive performance in people with Alzheimer’s disease neuropathologic change
Authors: Scaduto Pietro , Lauterborn Julie C. , Cox Conor D. , Fracassi Anna , Zeppillo Tommaso , Gutierrez Berenice A. , Keene C. Dirk , Crane Paul K. , Mukherjee Shubhabrata , Russell William K. , Taglialatela Giulio , Limon Agenor 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIndividuals at distinct stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) show abnormal electroencephalographic activity, which has been linked to network hyperexcitability and cognitive decline. However, whether pro-excitatory changes at the synaptic level are observed in brain areas affected early in AD, and if they are emergent in MCI, is not clearly known. Equally important, it is not known whether global synaptic E/I imbalances correlate with the severity of cognitive impairment in the continuum of AD. Measuring the amplitude of ion currents of human excitatory and inhibitory synaptic receptors microtransplanted from the hippocampus and temporal cortex of cognitively normal, mildly cognitively impaired and AD individuals into surrogate cells, we found regional differences in pro-excitatory shifts of the excitatory to inhibitory (E/I) current ratio that correlates positively with toxic proteins and degree of pathology, and impinges negatively on cognitive performance scores. Using these data with electrophysiologically anchored analysis of the synapto-proteome in the same individuals, we identified a group of proteins sustaining synaptic function and those related to synaptic toxicity. We also found an uncoupling between the function and expression of proteins for GABAergic signaling in the temporal cortex underlying larger E/I and worse cognitive performance. Further analysis of transcriptomic and in situ hybridization datasets from an independent cohort across the continuum of AD confirm regional differences in pro-excitatory shifts of the E/I balance that correlate negatively with the most recent calibrated composite scores for memory, executive function, language and visuospatial abilities, as well as overall cognitive performance. These findings indicate that early shifts of E/I balance may contribute to loss of cognitive capabilities in the continuum of AD clinical syndrome.
Regional divergence and time trends in the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus: a national Danish cohort study
Authors: Scheuer Cathrine M. , Andersen Maria H. , Mathiesen Elisabeth R. , Ringholm Lene , Müller Clara L. , Truong Jun-Mei , Lie-Olesen Michelle M. , Overgaard Martin , McIntyre H. David , Jensen Dorte M. , Damm Peter , Clausen Tine D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Aims
To evaluate the prevalence and time trends of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) across the five regions of Denmark with uniform national guidelines for screening and diagnosing GDM.

Methods
This register-based national cohort study included 287,684 births from 2013 to 2017. Trends in GDM prevalence over time and differences between the five regions were evaluated. Crude and adjusted odd ratios (ORs) for GDM were calculated including potential confounding clinical risk factors as age, BMI, educational level, marital status, parity, country of origin and assisted reproduction.

Results
From 2013 to 2017, GDM prevalence in Denmark increased by 7% per year (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.06–1.09, P < 0.001). GDM prevalence varied considerably between regions and ranged from 3.0 to 5.9% in 2017, corresponding to a maximal regional difference of 97%. In crude analyses, the risk of GDM in 2017 was significantly different in four of five regions compared to the remaining regions (OR ranging from 0.60 to 1.55), and these differences persisted after adjusting for confounding clinical risk factors (adjusted OR: 0.59–1.45).

Conclusion
The prevalence of GDM increased over time in all Danish regions with substantial regional divergence. Up to a 97%, difference in GDM prevalence was observed between Danish regions, which was not explained by available clinical risk factors. This occurred despite national guidelines and raises the question of whether regional variations in screening efficacy, diagnostic procedures or inequality in clinical health care access may explain the observed differences.
Analysis of Rain Drop Size Distribution to Elucidate the Precipitation Process using a Cloud Microphysics Conceptual Model and In Situ Measurement
Authors: Cha Joo Wan , Koo Hae Jung , Kim Bu-Yo , Miloslav Belorid , Hwang Hyun Jun , Kim Min Hoo , Chang Ki-Ho , Lee Yong Hee 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Raindrop size distribution (DSD) is an important parameter in rainfall research and can be used for quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) in meteorology and hydrology. DSD also improves the understanding of the uncertainty of cloud microphysical processes (CMPs) such as ice-based and warm rain growth during climate change. Changes in CMPs impact the generation of precipitation. However, the estimation of CMPs based on in situ observation is difficult because of the complexity of microphysics processes, and most previous studies on the CMP involved approximations to predict the types of microphysical processes affecting precipitation generation based on in situ observations performed in real-time. Therefore, we developed a simple method for understanding the CMPs of precipitation generation using a conceptual model of CMPs and in situ observation DSD data. We employed previously observed DSD parameters and a CMP conceptual model of the DSD observation-based microphysical process. As case studies, we applied DSD observation data obtained in Korea and East Asia to estimate the CMPs. For example, the major CMP of megacities was vapor deposition in Beijing (< 1 mm h−1) and Seoul (< 5 mm h−1), as the strong updraft of the urban heat island effect in megacities results in increased liquid water content, leading to the formation of large number of supersaturated clouds at higher altitudes.
A semi-automated approach for requirement-based early validation of flight control platforms
Authors: Chrysalidis Philipp , Hoeber Hauke , Thielecke Frank 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWith the current trends in aviation like Single-Pilot-Cockpits and more autonomous functions in aircraft, flight control avionics are bound to become more complex. Future platforms will need to compensate for one or even both pilots, which will require systems that are more reliable. However, state-of-the-art development of flight control avionics does not yet support these demands efficiently. The development process involves numerous stakeholders who are communicating without streamlined interfaces. This leads to a slow and error-prone process during development. New methods are required to improve efficiency and to pave the way for future technologies. In this work, the authors introduce a semi-automatic toolchain which derives usable code for the configuration of devices from natural language requirements. The requirements are noted through modular components, stored as a model-based configuration file and are transformed into executables in the last step. This novel approach allows engineers to input their expertise when defining requirements, while removing tedious transformation tasks. Through automatic configuration testing, the validity of the approach is confirmed.
Study on the relationship between vitamin D level and macrophage typing in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhang Lijie , Wang Zongwei , Wang Xiaobo , Zhang Ning , Ke Jing , Yang Longyan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective
Population studies have shown that vitamin D (VitD) deficiency is associated with an increased incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), VitD deficiency is a potential risk factor for T2DM, and the proportion of M1-type macrophages and M2-type macrophages in T2DM patients is imbalanced. Another study reported that VitD can affect the differentiation of macrophages into M1 and M2 types. However, there is no definitive result about the correlation between plasma VitD levels and macrophage typing in patients with T2DM. Whether VitD affects the progression of T2DM by regulating the polarization type of macrophages and the specific regulatory mechanism is not very clear. Therefore, we carried out the following research.

Methods
We first used flow cytometry to detect the proportions of M1 and M2 macrophages in peripheral blood of T2DM patients with different VitD levels. Furthermore, we used ELISA to detect the inflammatory factors affecting macrophage differentiation in patients’ plasma, including IL-6 secreted by M1-type macrophages and TGF-β secreted by M2-type macrophages. Mononuclear cells were separated from human peripheral blood with immunomagnetic beads, cultured in vitro, and treated with different concentrations of VitD, and the ratio of differentiation into M1 and M2 macrophages was detected by flow cytometry.

Results
With the increase of serum 25(OH)D levels in patients with T2DM, the proportion of M1 and M2 macrophages in peripheral blood decreased, that is, the polarized phenotype of macrophages was more inclined to M2 type, while plasma IL-6 gradually decreased, and TGF-β gradually increased. In addition, VitD can promote the differentiation of CD14-positive monocytes cultured in vitro into M2 macrophages.

Conclusions
When the level of VitD in T2DM patients is low, there are more M1-type macrophages in peripheral blood, and when the level of VitD is increased, M2-type macrophages are increased. Changes in related inflammatory factors were also consistent. In vitro culture of monocytes further confirmed that VitD can promote the differentiation of macrophages to M2 type in T2DM patients.
Somatosensory ECoG-based brain–machine interface with electrical stimulation on medial forebrain bundle
Authors: Cho Yoon Kyung , Koh Chin Su , Lee Youjin , Park Minkyung , Kim Tae Jun , Jung Hyun Ho , Chang Jin Woo , Jun Sang Beom 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBrain–machine interface (BMI) provides an alternative route for controlling an external device with one’s intention. For individuals with motor-related disability, the BMI technologies can be used to replace or restore motor functions. Therefore, BMIs for movement restoration generally decode the neural activity from the motor-related brain regions. In this study, however, we designed a BMI system that uses sensory-related neural signals for BMI combined with electrical stimulation for reward. Four-channel electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals were recorded from the whisker-related somatosensory cortex of rats and converted to extract the BMI signals to control the one-dimensional movement of a dot on the screen. At the same time, we used operant conditioning with electrical stimulation on medial forebrain bundle (MFB), which provides a virtual reward to motivate the rat to move the dot towards the desired center region. The BMI task training was performed for 7 days with ECoG recording and MFB stimulation. Animals successfully learned to move the dot location to the desired position using S1BF neural activity. This study successfully demonstrated that it is feasible to utilize the neural signals from the whisker somatosensory cortex for BMI system. In addition, the MFB electrical stimulation is effective for rats to learn the behavioral task for BMI.
Nitrification kinetics, N2O emission, and energy use in intermittently aerated hybrid reactor under different organic loading rates
Authors: Zajac O. , Zubrowska-Sudol M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of intermittent aeration strategies and reduction in the reactor’s organic and nitrogen loading rates on the course of particular stages of the nitrification process, as well as energy consumption and N2O emissions in a hybrid reactor with nitrification/denitrification. Each of the analysed series revealed the greatest ammonia oxidation activity in activated sludge flocs. The highest activity of nitrite nitrogen oxidation was demonstrated in the case of biofilm. A reduction in the reactor’s organic and nitrogen loading rate value had a greater effect on changes in the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria than nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. In a system where the operation of air pumps was controlled through switching them and off according to the adopted ratio between non-aerated and aerated sub-phase times and the assumed oxygen concentration, a reduction in the duration of aerated sub-phases caused no decrease in energy use for aeration. Lower N2O emission was recorded when the reactor operated with a longer duration of aerated sub-phases.
Vortex-induced vibration effect of extreme sea states over the structural dynamics of a scaled monopile offshore wind turbine
Authors: Rueda-Bayona Juan Gabriel , Guzmán Andrés , Eras Juan José Cabello 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn order to demonstrate the relevance of considering Vortex-Induced Vibrations (VIV) in the structural design of marine structures, this study proposes an alternative experimental and analytical approach in wet conditions to measure the fluid–structure interaction in the near field and quantify the viscous damping with measured structural and 3D hydrodynamic accelerations. It was demonstrated that VIV caused and incremented 5.00% of the structural damping coefficient, and the extreme wind loading increased 74% of the offshore monopile’s structural damping, demonstrating the relevance of the high non-linear hydrodynamics effects during selecting parameters into the structural design in offshore applications.
Effects of wearing textured versus smooth shoe insoles for 12 weeks on gait, foot sensation and patient-reported outcomes, in people with multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hatton Anna L. , Williams Katrina , Chatfield Mark D. , Hurn Sheree , Maharaj Jayishni N. , Gane Elise M. , Cattagni Thomas , Dixon John , Rome Keith , Kerr Graham , Brauer Sandra G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground:Innovative shoe insoles, designed to enhance sensory information on the plantar surface of the feet, could help to improve walking in people with Multiple Sclerosis.Objective:To compare the effects of wearing textured versus smooth insoles, on measures of gait, foot sensation and patient-reported outcomes, in people with Multiple Sclerosis.Methods:A prospective, randomised controlled trial was conducted with concealed allocation, assessor blinding and intention-to-treat analysis. Thirty ambulant men and women with multiple sclerosis (MS) (Disease Steps rating 1–4) were randomly allocated to wear textured or smooth insoles for 12 weeks. Self-reported insole wear and falls diaries were completed over the intervention period. Laboratory assessments of spatiotemporal gait patterns, foot sensation and proprioception, and patient-reported outcomes, were performed at Weeks 0 (Baseline 1), 4 (Baseline 2) and 16 (Post-Intervention). The primary outcome was the size of the mediolateral base of support (stride/step width) when walking over even and uneven surfaces. Independent t-tests were performed on change from baseline (average of baseline measures) to post-intervention.Results:There were no differences in stride width between groups, when walking over the even or uneven surfaces (P ≥ 0.20) at post-intervention. There were no between-group differences for any secondary outcomes including gait (all P values > 0.23), foot sensory function (all P values ≥ 0.08) and patient-reported outcomes (all P values ≥ 0.23).Conclusions:In our small trial, prolonged wear of textured insoles did not appear to alter walking or foot sensation in people with MS who have limited foot sensory loss. Further investigation is needed to explore optimal insole design.Clinical Trial Registration:Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12615000421538).
Estimating the Number of Hospital or Emergency Department Presentations for Stroke in Canada
Authors: Holodinsky Jessalyn K. , Lindsay Patrice , Yu Amy Y. X. , Ganesh Aravind , Joundi Raed A. , Hill Michael D. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT:Background:Although age-standardized stroke occurrence has been decreasing, the absolute number of stroke events globally, and in Canada, is increasing. Stroke surveillance is necessary for health services planning, informing research design, and public health messaging. We used administrative data to estimate the number of stroke events resulting in hospital or emergency department presentation across Canada in the 2017–18 fiscal year.Methods:Hospitalization data were obtained from the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) Discharge Abstract Database and the Ministry of Health and Social Services in Quebec. Emergency department data were obtained from the CIHI National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (Alberta and Ontario). Stroke events were identified using ICD-10 coding. Data were linked into episodes of care to account for readmissions and interfacility transfers. Projections for emergency department visits for provinces/territories outside of Alberta and Ontario were generated based upon age and sex-standardized estimates from Alberta and Ontario.Results:In the 2017–18 fiscal year, there were 108,707 stroke events resulting in hospital or emergency department presentation across the country. This was made up of 54,357 events resulting in hospital admission and 54,350 events resulting in only emergency department presentation. The events resulting in only emergency department presentation consisted of 25,941 events observed in Alberta and Ontario and a projection of 28,409 events across the rest of the country.Conclusions:We estimate a stroke event resulting in hospital or emergency department presentation occurs every 5 minutes in Canada.
Evaluating the Prevalence and Correlates of Major Depressive Disorder Among Residents of Fort McMurray, Canada, One Year After a Devastating Flood
Authors: Oluwasina Folajinmi , Eboreime Ejemai , Shalaby Reham , Nkire Nnamdi , Agyapong Belinda , Pazderka Hannah , Obuobi-Donkor Gloria , Adu Medard , Mao Wanying , Owusu Ernest , Agyapong Vincent I. O. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective:
This study assessed the prevalence and correlates of depression following the April 2020 flooding in Fort McMurray.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study design. Questionnaires were self-administered through an anonymous, online survey. Data collected included sociodemographics, flooding-related variables, clinical information, and likely major depressive disorder (MDD) using PHQ-9 scoring. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and logistic regression at P = < 0.05.

Results:
Of the 186 respondents who completed the survey, 85.5% (159) of the respondents were females, 14.5% (27) were males, 52.7% (98) were above 40 years of age, and 94% (175) were employed. The prevalence of mild to severe depression among the respondents was 53.7% (75). Respondents who reported that they are unemployed are 12 times more likely to have a moderate to severe depression (OR = 12.16; 95% CI: 1.08–136.26). Respondents who had previously received a mental health diagnosis of MDD are five times more likely to have moderate to severe depression (OR = 5.306; 95% CI: 1.84–15.27).

Conclusion:
This study suggests that flooding could impact the psychosocial and mental health of affected people. There is a need to reassess the existing guidelines on emergency planning for flooding to reduce its impacts on mental health and identify where research can support future evidence-based guidelines.
Week-ahead solar irradiance forecasting with deep sequence learning
Authors: Sinha Saumya , Hodge Bri-Mathias , Monteleoni Claire 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In order to enable widespread integration of solar energy into the power system, there is an increasing need to reduce the uncertainty associated with solar power output which requires major improvements in solar irradiance forecasting. While most recent works have addressed short-term (minutes or hours ahead) forecasting, through this work, we propose using deep sequence learning models for forecasting at longer lead times such as a week in advance, as this can play a significant role in future power system storage applications. Along with point forecasts, we also produce uncertainty estimates through probabilistic prediction and showcase the potential of our machine learning frameworks for a new and important application of longer lead time forecasting in this domain. Our study on the SURFRAD data over seven US cities compares various deep sequence models and the results are encouraging, demonstrating their superior performance against most benchmarks from the literature and a current machine learning-based probabilistic prediction baseline (previously applied to short-term solar forecasting).
The Escaramayu Complex: A Prehispanic Metallurgical Establishment in the South Andean Altiplano (Escara, Potosi, Bolivia), Ninth to Fifteenth Centuries AD
Authors: Cruz Pablo , Lechtman Heather N. , Rivera-Casanovas Claudia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractArchaeological research carried out in the altiplano locale of Escaramayu (in the community of Escara, Potosí, Bolivia), revealed a prehispanic metallurgical establishment (ninth to fifteenth centuries AD) for the extractive processing of copper ores and, to a lesser extent, lead-silver ore exploited at the nearby Pulacayo mine. The number and variety of metallurgical equipment identified in this establishment for smelting metallic ore and for refining the metal indicate a deep level of technological experience and experimentation among the resident Escaramayu metalworkers during the Middle Horizon (MH) and Late Intermediate periods (LIP). In Escaramayu we find the first known antecedents of Andean wind furnaces (wayras) and a model of a prehispanic reverberatory furnace that was widely used in the southern Andean altiplano during the colonial period.
The impact of using an income supplement to meet child poverty targets: evidence from Scotland
Authors: Congreve Emma , Connolly Kevin , Harrison Jordan , Kumar Ashwin , McGregor Peter G. , Mitchell Mark 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn 2017 the Scottish Government passed the Child Poverty (Scotland) Act with the commitment to significantly reduce the relative child poverty rate from the current prevailing level of around 25% to 10% by 2030/31. In response, the government introduced the Scottish Child Payment (SCP) that provides a direct transfer to households at a fixed rate per eligible child – currently £25 per week. In this paper we explore, using a micro to macro modelling approach, the effectiveness of using the SCP to achieve the Scottish child poverty targets. While we find that the ambitious child poverty targets can technically be met solely using the SCP, the necessary payment of £165 per week amounting to a total government cost of £3 billion per year, makes the political and economy-wide barriers significant. A key issue with only using the SCP is the non-linearity in the response to the payment; as the payment increases, the marginal gain in the reduction of child poverty decreases – this is particularly evident after payments of £80 per week. A ‘policy-mix’ option combining the SCP, targeted cash transfers and other policy levels (such as childcare provision) seems the most promising approach to reaching the child poverty targets.