bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Spoilage by Lipolytic Fungi Strains on Free Fatty Acids (FFA) Formation in Fermented and Dry Cocoa Beans
Authors: Stéphanie Tapé Joëlle , Richard Houphouët Kouakou , Maï Koné Koumba , Pauline Mounjouenpou , Benjamin Guibert , Isabelle Métayer-Piro , Didier Montet , Simplice Guéhi Tagro 
Published: June 2023

Aim: High free fatty acids (FFA) content of cocoa beans is high lead to alter quality of butter fraction and chocolate manufactured. During primary post-harvest processing, cocoa beans harbor lipase producing mold speciess could trigger the accumulation of FFA. This study investigated the improvement of the quality of raw cocoa material sourced from Côte d’Ivoire regarding its high FFA concentration.
Methods: Fermented and dry cocoa were sampled on-farm level in some main cocoa producing regions of Côte d'Ivoire. Contaminating mold strains were isolated using Sabouraud chloramphenicol agar incubated at 25°C for 7 days. Morphological identification of mold isolates was preformed from younger fungal culture. Biochemical study about lipolytic properties of mold isolates was carried out using Cazpeck-Dox Agar medium enriched with olive oil as carbon source and rhodamine B as indicator of lipase activity. Extraction, PCR amplification using a specific transcribed spacer primer (ITS4/ITS5) and sequencing of DNA were performed for fungal species molecular identification.
Results: Approximately 154 mold isolates belonging to 8 genera were found in tested cocoa beans. Only Rhizopus oryzae, Absidia corymbifera, Mucor heimalis, Aspergillus niger, A. tubingensis, A. aculeatus, A. flavus, A. tamari, A. fumigatus, Nigrospora sphaerica, Curvularia geniculate and Penicillium chrysogenum species produced greater lipolytic properties. A. corymbifera, A. niger, A. fumigatus and R. orysae were the most frequent and predominant species. Cocoa beans inoculated with R. oryzae, A. corymbifera or A. niger recorded higher FFA content above 1.75%.
Conclusion: Reducing of the mold species growth during cocoa primary post-harvest processing could sustainably produce raw cocoa material with less FFA.
The Riddle of Dark LLZO: Cobalt Diffusion in Garnet Separators of Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Scheld Walter Sebastian , Kim Kwangnam , Schwab Christian , Moy Alexandra C. , Jiang Shi‐Kai , Mann Markus , Dellen Christian , Sohn Yoo Jung , Lobe Sandra , Ihrig Martin , Danner Michael Gregory , Chang Chia‐Yu , Uhlenbruck Sven , Wachsman Eric D. , Hwang Bing Joe , Sakamoto Jeff , Wan Liwen F. , Wood Brandon C. , Finsterbusch Martin , Fattakhova-Rohlfing Dina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSolid‐state batteries (SSBs) with a Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) garnet electrolyte are attracting much attention as robust and safe alternative to conventional lithium‐ion batteries. Technical challenges in the practical implementation of garnet SSBs are related to the need for high‐temperature sintering, which often leads to undesirable chemical reactions with the cathode material. While these reactions are well understood for composite cathodes, very little is known about similar processes between cathode and separator during battery fabrication. This work focuses on understanding the processes between the composite LiCoO2‐LLZO cathode and the LLZO separator and how they affect the battery performance. The extensive diffusion of Co‐ions within LLZO, which leads to the often‐observed LLZO darkening, is shown to have a significant impact on ionic conductivity, electronic conductivity, and dendrite stability of the separator. Experimental data coupled with large‐scale molecular dynamics simulations uncover the diffusion mechanism for Co‐ions and identify secondary phases that form during these interactions. In addition to extensive Co‐ion diffusion within the grains, a non‐uniform segregation of Co‐ions at grain boundaries is found leading to the formation of three distinct Co‐containing phases. This work offers a general approach to studying the fundamental ion diffusion processes that occur during the fabrication of oxide SSBs.
Smart Skins Based on Assembled Piezoresistive Networks of Sustainable Graphene Microcapsules for High Precision Health Diagnostics
Authors: Aljarid Adel K. A. , Dong Ming , Hu Yi , Wei Cencen , Salvage Jonathan P. , Papageorgiou Dimitrios G. , Boland Conor S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe environmental impact of plastic waste has had a profound effect on our livelihoods and there is a need for future plastic‐based epidermal electronics to trend toward more sustainable approaches. Infusing graphene into the culinary process of seaweed spherification produces core‐shell, food‐based nanocomposites with properties exhibiting a remarkably high degree of tunability. Unusually, mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical metrics all became decoupled from one another, allowing for each to be individually tuned. This leads to the formation of a general electromechanical model which presents a universal electronic blueprint for enhanced performances. Through this model, performance optimization and system miniaturization are enabled, with gauge factors (G) >108 for capsule diameters (D) ≈290 µm and produced at a record rate of >100 samples per second. When coalesced into quasi‐2D planar networks, microcapsules form the basis of discrete, recyclable electronic smart skins with areal independent sensitives for muscular, breathing, pulse, and blood pressure measurements in real‐time.
Moderate‐Affinity Affibodies Modulate the Delivery and Bioactivity of Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2
Authors: Dorogin Jonathan , Hochstatter Henry B. , Shepherd Samantha O. , Svendsen Justin E. , Benz Morrhyssey A. , Powers Andrew C. , Fear Karly M. , Townsend Jakob M. , Prell James S. , Hosseinzadeh Parisa , Hettiaratchi Marian H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUncontrolled bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) release can lead to off‐target bone growth and other adverse events. To tackle this challenge, yeast surface display is used to identify unique BMP‐2‐specific protein binders known as affibodies that bind to BMP‐2 with different affinities. Biolayer interferometry reveals an equilibrium dissociation constant of 10.7 nm for the interaction between BMP‐2 and high‐affinity affibody and 34.8 nm for the interaction between BMP‐2 and the low‐affinity affibody. The low‐affinity affibody‐BMP‐2 interaction also exhibits an off‐rate constant that is an order of magnitude higher. Computational modeling of affibody‐BMP‐2 binding predicts that the high‐ and low‐affinity affibodies bind to two distinct sites on BMP‐2 that function as different cell‐receptor binding sites. BMP‐2 binding to affibodies reduces expression of the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in C2C12 myoblasts. Affibody‐conjugated polyethylene glycol‐maleimide hydrogels increase uptake of BMP‐2 compared to affibody‐free hydrogels, and high‐affinity hydrogels exhibit lower BMP‐2 release into serum compared to low‐affinity hydrogels and affibody‐free hydrogels over four weeks. Loading BMP‐2 into affibody‐conjugated hydrogels prolongs ALP activity of C2C12 myoblasts compared to soluble BMP‐2. This work demonstrates that affibodies with different affinities can modulate BMP‐2 delivery and activity, creating a promising approach for controlling BMP‐2 delivery in clinical applications.
A High‐Entropy‐Oxides‐Based Memristor: Outstanding Resistive Switching Performance and Mechanisms in Atomic Structural Evolution
Authors: Tsai Jing‐Yuan , Chen Jui‐Yuan , Huang Chun‐Wei , Lo Hung‐Yang , Ke Wei‐En , Chu Ying‐Hao , Wu Wen‐Wei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe application of high‐entropy oxide (HEO) has attracted significant attention in recent years owing to their unique structural characteristics, such as excellent electrochemical properties and long‐term cycling stability. However, the application of resistive random‐access memory (RRAM) has not been extensively studied, and the switching mechanism of HEO‐based RRAM has yet to be thoroughly investigated. In this study, HEO (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni)3O4 with a spinel structure is epitaxially grown on a Nb:STO conductive substrate, and Pt metal is deposited as the top electrode. After the resistive‐switching operation, some regions of the spinel structure are transformed into a rock‐salt structure and analyzed using advanced transmission electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy. From the results of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy, only specific elements would change their valence state, which results in excellent resistive‐switching properties with a high on/off ratio on the order of 105, outstanding endurance (>4550 cycles), long retention time (>104 s), and high stability, which suggests that HEO is a promising RRAM material.
Porous, Ultrathin PtAgBiTe Nanosheets for Direct Hydrazine Hydrate Fuel Cell Devices
Authors: Zhao Fengling , Nie Siyang , Wu Liang , Yuan Qiang , Wang Xun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUltrathin 2D nanomaterials have attracted extensive attention due to their fascinating applications in sustainable and clean‐energy‐related devices, but obtaining ultrathin 2D multimetallic polycrystalline structures with large lateral dimensions remains a challenge. In this study, ultrathin 2D porous PtAgBiTe and PtBiTe polycrystalline nanosheets (PNSs) are obtained via a visible‐light‐photoinduced Bi2Te3‐nanosheet‐mediated route. The PtAgBiTe PNSs are assembled by sub‐5 nm grains with widths beyond 700 nm. Strain and ligand effects originating from the porous, curly polycrystalline structure endow the PtAgBiTe PNSs with robust hydrazine hydrate oxidation reaction activity. Theoretical research demonstrates that the modified Pt activates the N–H bonds in N2H4 during the reaction, and strong hybridization between Pt‐5d and N‐2p facilitates dehydrogenation while reducing energy consumption. The peak power densities of the PtAgBiTe PNSs in actual hydrazine‐O2/air fuel cell devices are boosted to 532.9/315.9 mW cm−2, while those of the commercial Pt/C are 394.7/157.9 mW cm−2. This work provides a strategy not only for preparing ultrathin multimetallic PNSs but also for finding promising electrocatalysts for actual hydrazine fuel cells.
3D‐Heterojunction Based on Embedded Perovskite Micro‐Sized Single Crystals for Fast Photomultiplier Photodetectors with Broad/Narrowband Dual‐Mode
Authors: Su Xiaojun , Hou Xuehua , Zhang Qinglei , Xie Zengqi , Wei Zhipeng , Liu Linlin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA fast photomultiplier photodetector with a broad/narrowband dual mode is implemented using a new 3D heterostructure based on embedded perovskite micro‐sized single crystals. Because the single‐crystal size is smaller than the electrode size, the active layer can be divided into a perovskite microcrystalline part for charge transport and a polymer‐embedded part for charge storage. This induces an additional radial interface in the 3D heterojunction structure, and allows a photogenerated built‐in electric field in the radial direction, especially when the energy levels between the perovskite and embedding polymer are similar. This type of heterojunction has a small radial capacitance that can effectively reduce carrier quenching and accelerate the carrier response. By controlling the applied bias direction, up to 300–1000% external quantum efficiency (EQE) and microsecond response can be achieved not only in the wide range of ultraviolet to visible light from 320 to 550 nm, but also in the narrow‐band response with a full width at half minimum (FWHM) of 20 nm. This shows great potential for applications in integrated multifunctional photodetectors.
Advanced Optical Imaging Based on Metasurfaces
Authors: Zou Xiujuan , Lin Ruoyu , Fu Yunlai , Gong Guangxing , Zhou Xuxi , Wang Shuming , Zhu Shining , Wang Zhenlin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecently, metasurfaces have arisen as next‐generation optics with various merits, such as being ultrathin and lightweight with multi‐function integration. Numerous applications of metasurfaces have been demonstrated up to now, including wavefront shaping, optical imaging, hologram display, structured light generation, polarization detection, and so on. Among them, optical imaging components and techniques have been substantially promoted with the advent of metasurfaces due to their superior spatial modulation properties over electromagnetic waves. Here, the forward and reverse design approaches of metasurface and recent advances in various imaging applications based on them are reviewed. Due to the ability of arbitrary wavefront encoding, metasurfaces have been widely applied to numerous imaging applications, including diffraction‐limited imaging with aberration correction, polarization‐related imaging, high‐resolution spectral imaging, three‐dimentional (3D) imaging, and even algorithm‐assisted imaging, etc. Optical imaging applications combined with novel metasurfaces can make breakthroughs with the development of nanofabrication technologies and the improvement of computer algorithms.
One‐Pot Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,3,4‐Unprotected β‐N‐Glycopyranosides from Glycals and Amines
Authors: Gao Jingyu , Li Yi , Wang Nengzhong , Li Zhiyue , Huang Nianyu , Yao Hui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA one‐pot synthesis of 2,3,4‐unprotected β‐N‐glycopyranosides from glycals and amines with exclusive β‐stereoselectivity under room temperature conditions is reported. This method was achieved via palladium‐catalyzed Tsuji‐Trost amination followed by dihydroxylation directly, tolerating anilines, heterocyclic aromatic amines, and N,O‐dimethylhydroxylamine, especially the reaction of primary amines and glycals has not been reported before. Furthermore, the protocol was applied to modify clinical drugs (prazosin, imiquimod) and construct the analogue of the natural product amphimedoside A.
Hybrid Semiconductor Photocatalyst Nanomaterials for Energy and Environmental Applications: Fundamentals, Designing, and Prospects
Authors: Mishra Kirti , Devi Nishu , Siwal Samarjeet Singh , Gupta Vijai Kumar , Thakur Vijay Kumar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe degradation of fossil fuel and worse environmental conditions leads to the emergence of hybrid semiconductor (SC) nanomaterials as photocatalysts. Hybrid SCs have interesting physical, mechanical, optical, chemical, and electronic characteristics. Due to these properties’ absorption of light and transfer of charge takes place frequently and hence act as multifunctional surface. These materials should be attributed to their optical and electrical properties and act as multifunctional surfaces in energy production, fuel generation, environmental remediation, sensing, etc. When SCs combine with noble, non‐noble metal, metal oxide, and some carbon‐based materials, they explore wide applications in various fields. Photocatalysis is an effective and sustainable technology to reduce or fix energy concerns and environmental corrosion problems. By going through the extensive literature review, few topics are focused on designing and working mechanisms of hybrid materials. In this way, the present review article explains the properties, surface‐interface engineering, design, and applications (energy and environmental) of hybrid nanomaterials, emphasizing their photocatalytic nature. Additionally, the appealing directions, scientific challenges, and the reasons behind the poor stability of Hybrid SC photocatalyst nanomaterials for energy and environmental applications are discussed. Finally, the concluding remarks and the current challenges with future prospects in this domain are highlighted.
HER2 Expression in Circulating Tumor Cells as Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers for Anti‐HER2 Therapy in Previously Treated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wang Mengting , Xu Ting , Shen Lin , Li Jian , Zhu Ling , Wang Chen , Hu Zhiyuan , Li Ping , Yang Yanlian , Wang Xicheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFor human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐positive metastatic colorectal cancer (HER2+ mCRC), anti‐HER2 therapy shows benefits, while current HER2 testing using tumor biopsy remains controversial. Noninvasive circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may achieve more accurate HER2 diagnosis . Herein, enumeration and HER2 phenotyping on CTCs (HER2(0/1+/2+/3+) CTCs) are assessed using TUMORFISHER for 40 mCRC patients (20 HER2+; 20 HER2‐negative). Positive/negative HER2 phenotypes on CTCs (ctcHER2+/‐) are determined with or without > 5% HER2(2+/3+) CTCs. After anti‐HER2 therapy, HER2+ patients without baseline CTCs show significantly better survivals than those with 1 ≤ CTCs ≤ 51 or ≥ 52 CTCs at baseline (mPFS; 5.6, 4.2, and 2.0 months; p = 0.0021) (mOS; not yet reached, 18.0 and 9.1 months; p = 0.0002). Among HER2+ patients with 1 ≤ CTCs ≤ 51 at baseline, ctcHER2+ has more favorable survivals than ctcHER2– (mPFS; 5.1 and 2.3 months; p = 0.0257) (mOS; not yet reached, 14.7 months; p = 0.0400). HER2+ patients with ≥ 52 CTCs or (with 1 ≤ CTCs ≤ 51 and maintained ctcHER2–) show a higher progression disease rate (60.0%, 0.0%; p = 0.0106). Therefore, CTC enumeration and ctcHER2 phenotyping may be prognostic and predictive biomarkers for HER2+ mCRC with anti‐HER2 therapy.
Numbers Matter: The Role of Cell Dose in the Treatment of Osteosarcoma Using Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as Cellular Vehicles
Authors: Martella Elisa , Dozza Barbara , Ferroni Claudia , Bellotti Chiara , Osuru Obeyok Clement , Tubertini Matilde , Guerrini Andrea , Ballestri Marco , Columbaro Marta , Manet Ilse , Gambarotti Marco , Martini Lucia , Fini Milena , Cevolani Luca , Donati Davide Maria , Lucarelli Enrico , Varchi Greta , Duchi Serena 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA promising approach enhancing osteosarcoma (OS) prognosis involves the combination of various techniques, such as chemo‐ and photodynamic therapy, delivered through nanocarriers for synergistic cell death. Among the potential candidates for improving drug accumulation at the tumor site, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) exhibit a significant advantage due to their tumor‐homing ability and intracellular drug retention. This study evaluates the efficacy of chemo‐releasing and photoactive bimodal nanoparticles, kPCe6 NPs, delivered via MSCs. In vitro analyses show that cells internalize and retain kPCe6 NPs in a dose‐dependent manner and that kPCe6‐loaded cells induce massive tumor cell death in a tridimensional tumor model. Results from an in vivo orthotopic OS murine model show negligible tumor cell death upon peritumoral administration of two doses containing 106 loaded cells. To gain insight into this observation, this work investigates the role of cell dose in treatment efficacy. The results indicate that achieving a tumor reduction higher than 90% requires a substantial number of loaded cells, approximately 35% of the entire tumor mass, highlighting the criticality of the cell dose for the success of this therapeutic approach and its potential impact on clinical translation in OS patients, particularly when the number of tumor cells is limited.
Weed control and weed biomass influenced first cutting forage accumulation and nutritive value of spring‐seeded alfalfa
Authors: Montgomery Chandra L.‐M. , Kwarteng Albert O. , Adjesiwor Albert T. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWeeds can influence the economics of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) production by reducing forage yield and nutritive value or by contaminating hay. Field studies were conducted in Idaho in 2021 and 2022 to evaluate the effect of weed control treatments on alfalfa forage accumulation, weed biomass, and nutritive value. In addition, the relationship between the proportion of individual weed species biomass and alfalfa nutritive value was assessed. These studies included eight different herbicide and herbicide combination treatments, including the untreated check. Treatments were comprised of preemergence, early postemergence (after 80% alfalfa emergence), and postemergence (third trifoliate alfalfa) herbicide applications. Data collection included weed control efficacy, weed and alfalfa biomass, and alfalfa nutritive value. Additional samples were collected and combined in these alfalfa to weed biomass proportions (percentage by weight): 0/100, 20/80, 40/60, 60/40, 80/20, and 100/0, for wet chemistry analysis of forage nutritive value to evaluate the relationship between the proportion of individual weed species biomass and alfalfa nutritive value. The acetochlor‐only treatment provided less than 50% weed control, while the EPTC (S‐ethyl‐N,N‐dipropylthiocarbamate)‐only treatment provided 54%–81% weed control. The control provided by acetochlor and EPTC was less than that provided by treatments containing imazamox and imazamox plus bromoxynil. Weed biomass in forage (23%–55% of total biomass) due to poor or no weed control reduced crude protein, increased fiber concentrations, and reduced the relative feed value. The relationship between the proportion of individual weed species biomass and alfalfa nutritive value was linear for all weed species evaluated.
Engaging Early‐Career Scientists in Global Policy‐Making
Authors: John Torsten , Cordova Kyle E. , Jackson Christopher T. , Hernández‐Mondragón Alma C. , Davids Bianca L. , Raheja Lovish , Milić Jovana V. , Borges João 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPressing global challenges, such as climate change, the COVID‐19 pandemic, or antibiotic resistance, require coordinated international responses guided by evidence‐informed decisions. For this purpose, it is critical that scientists engage in providing insights during the decision‐making process. However, the mechanisms for the engagement of scientists in policy‐making are complex and vary internationally, which often poses significant challenges to their involvement. Herein, we address some of the mechanisms and barriers for scientists to engage in policy‐making with a global perspective by early‐career scientists. We highlight the importance of scientific academies, societies, universities, and early‐career networks as stakeholders and how they can adapt their structures to actively contribute to shaping global policies, with representative examples from chemistry‐related disciplines. We showcase the importance of raising awareness, providing resources and training, and leading discussions about connecting emerging scientists with global decision‐makers to address societal challenges through policies.
An Experimental and Computational Investigation Rules Out Direct Nucleophilic Addition on the N2 Ligand in Manganese Dinitrogen Complex [Cp(CO)2Mn(N2)]
Authors: Le Dé Quentin , Bouammali Amal , Bijani Christian , Vendier Laure , del Rosal Iker , Valyaev Dmitry A. , Dinoi Chiara , Simonneau Antoine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe have re‐examined the reactivity of the manganese dinitrogen complex [Cp(CO)2Mn(N2)] (1, Cp=η5‐cyclopentadienyl, C5H5) with phenylithium (PhLi). By combining experiment and density functional theory (DFT), we have found that, unlike previously reported, the direct nucleophilic attack of the carbanion onto coordinated dinitrogen does not occur. Instead, PhLi reacts with one of the CO ligands to provide an anionic acylcarbonyl dinitrogen metallate [Cp(CO)(N2)MnCOPh]Li (3) that is stable only below −40 °C. Full characterization of 3 (including single crystal X‐ray diffraction) was performed. This complex decomposes quickly above −20 °C with N2 loss to give a phenylate complex [Cp(CO)2MnPh]Li (2). The latter compound was erroneously formulated as an anionic diazenido compound [Cp(CO)2MnN(Ph)=N]Li in earlier reports, ruling out the claimed and so‐far unique behavior of the N2 ligand in 1. DFT calculations were run to explore both the hypothesized and the experimentally verified reactivity of 1 with PhLi and are fully consistent with our results. Direct attack of a nucleophile on metal‐coordinated N2 remains to be demonstrated.