bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Printing of Ionic Liquid Polymer Networks for Stretchable Conductive Sensors
Authors: Narupai Benjaporn , Wong Jitkanya , Sanchez‐Rexach Eva , Smith‐Jones Julian , Le Vy Chau Thao , Sadaba Naroa , Sardon Haritz , Nelson Alshakim 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStretchable conductive materials have attracted great attention due to their potential applications as strain sensors, wearable electronics, soft robotics, and medical devices. The fabrication of these materials with customized object geometries is desirable, but the methods to achieve them are still highly limited. Additive manufacturing via vat photopolymerization can generate sophisticated object geometries, but there is still a significant need to print with materials that afford improved conductivity, mechanical properties, elastic recovery, and durability. Herein, stretchable strain sensors with a range of 3D printed designs are reported using vat photopolymerization. Ionic liquid resins are optimized for their printability using Sudan‐I as a photoabsorber and used to fabricate 3D objects that are subjected to compression, stretching, and bending loads that are detected as real‐time changes in current. Additionally, the self‐adhesive nature of these materials enables mechanically damaged structures to be mended together to regain its function as a strain sensor. These ionic liquid resins are compatible with commercial 3D printers, which enhances their applicability for on‐demand production of customized devices.
3D Bioprinting and Its Role in a Wound Healing Renaissance
Authors: Tanfani Joseph D. , Monpara Jasmin D. , Jonnalagadda Sriramakamal 
Published: June 2023

Abstract3D printing (3DP) is an accessible platform being increasingly utilized by independent researchers in fields ranging from industrial manufacturing to medicine. 3D bioprinting is a form of 3D printing that makes use of “bioinks,” organic or synthetic polymer formulations that are often laden with cells. The wide range of materials available means that bioinks can be tailored to the types of tissue that they are meant to emulate. Human skin has a complex microenvironment consisting of numerous layers, cell types, growth factors, and molecular signaling pathways. 3D bioprinting's flexibility and ability to create complex, bioactive structures means that it has great potential in creating artificial skin constructs for skin wound regeneration. While the available materials and cell types for 3DP are large, an ideal bioink for printing artificial skin remains yet to be found. This review will cover the various types of 3DP, the bioinks commonly used, the functionalization of printed artificial skin constructs, challenges that arise in the 3D bioprinting of skin, and future directions for the field. The structure of skin and the wound healing process will also be discussed, as sufficient understanding of these subjects is key to the development of therapeutic artificial skin constructs.
Narrowband and Broadband Dual‐Mode Perovskite Photodetector for RGB Detection Application
Authors: Fan Qingshan , Zhang Hanqing , Li Keqiang , Jin Ziheng , Zhang Ting , Wan Chen , Liu Xiaodong , Li Shibin , Huang Jiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWavelength‐selective light detection is becoming more and more prevalent as new sectors emerge, such as imaging, wearable electronic devices, the Internet of Things, machine vision, and biosensing. Traditional narrowband RGB detection necessitates several separate devices for different colors by changing the active layer materials or applying color filters ahead of the broadband detector, which increases the architectural complexity and limits the quality of color sensing. Here, this work devises a novel dual‐mode perovskite photodetector with both narrowband and broadband light sensing based on the imbalance transportation of carriers in the perovskite: Rhodamine B (RhB) active layer. In Mode 1, under light illumination from ITO, a narrowband response in 600–700 nm is obtained with a specific detectivity (D*) of 6.7 × 1011Jones, responsivity (R) of 7.6 mA W−1, and a full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) of 80 nm. In Mode 2, under light illumination from Ag, the visible broadband response of 400–700 nm is achieved with a D* of 1012Jones and R over 80 mA W−1. Furtherly, by designing a simple optical system and signal processing, RGB light signals are detected independently and panchromatic image sensing and rebuilding are realized. This work will give inspiration to architecture design for multi‐band integrated photodetectors.
Tuning Oxygen Vacancy in CaZnOS through Cation Substitution for Substantially Enhanced Multimode Luminescence of Mn2+ and Tb3+
Authors: Wang Zhihao , Wang Bohan , Zeng Xiping , Peng Dengfeng , Wang Yu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCurrent luminescence materials are abundantly available for visualization fields on a theoretical level, while the lack of luminescent intensity has largely hindered their practical application. Here, the substantial enhancement of the multimode luminescence is demonstrated including mechanoluminescence (ML), photoluminescence (PL), and X‐ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) for Mn2+ and Tb3+ in zinc calcium oxysulfide (CaZnOS) by increasing the concentration of oxygen vacancies (OVs). Through a comprehensive structure analysis, it is found that the CaZnOS lattice has a tolerance of 60% of Sr2+ with respect to Ca2+ in the methodology. The experimental characterizations verified that the lattice distortion of CaZnOS originating from Sr2+ incorporation can efficiently promote the elimination of oxygen elements and simultaneously produce more OVs in the matrix, which can effectively fortify the trapped electrons and ultimately promote stronger luminescence. The ML, PL, and XEOL achieve around two to six times’ enhancement after Sr2+ incorporation. The findings provide insight into mechanisms underlying the luminescence behavior change of phosphors after cation substitution and may have wide implications for the practical application of intrinsically defective phosphors.
Reliable Identification and Interpretation of Single‐Cell Molecular Heterogeneity and Transcriptional Regulation using Dynamic Ensemble Pruning
Authors: Fan Yi , Wang Yunhe , Wang Fuzhou , Huang Lei , Yang Yuning , Wong Ka‐Chun , Li Xiangtao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUnsupervised clustering is an essential step in identifying cell types from single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) data. However, a common issue with unsupervised clustering models is that the optimization direction of the objective function and the final generated clustering labels in the absence of supervised information may be inconsistent or even arbitrary. To address this challenge, a dynamic ensemble pruning framework (DEPF) is proposed to identify and interpret single‐cell molecular heterogeneity. In particular, a silhouette coefficient‐based indicator is developed to determine the optimization direction of the bi‐objective function. In addition, a hierarchical autoencoder is employed to project the high‐dimensional data onto multiple low‐dimensional latent space sets, and then a clustering ensemble is produced in the latent space by the basic clustering algorithm. Following that, a bi‐objective fruit fly optimization algorithm is designed to prune dynamically the low‐quality basic clustering in the ensemble. Multiple experiments are conducted on 28 real scRNA‐seq datasets and one large real scRNA‐seq dataset from diverse platforms and species to validate the effectiveness of the DEPF. In addition, biological interpretability and transcriptional and post‐transcriptional regulatory are conducted to explore biological patterns from the cell types identified, which could provide novel insights into characterizing the mechanisms.
Longitudinal Single‐Cell Imaging of Engineered Strains with Stimulated Raman Scattering to Characterize Heterogeneity in Fatty Acid Production
Authors: Tague Nathan , Lin Haonan , Lugagne Jean‐Baptiste , O'Connor Owen M. , Burman Deeya , Wong Wilson W. , Cheng Ji‐Xin , Dunlop Mary J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUnderstanding metabolic heterogeneity is critical for optimizing microbial production of valuable chemicals, but requires tools that can quantify metabolites at the single‐cell level over time. Here, longitudinal hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) chemical imaging is developed to directly visualize free fatty acids in engineered Escherichia coli over many cell cycles. Compositional analysis is also developed to estimate the chain length and unsaturation of the fatty acids in living cells. This method reveals substantial heterogeneity in fatty acid production among and within colonies that emerges over the course of many generations. Interestingly, the strains display distinct types of production heterogeneity in an enzyme‐dependent manner. By pairing time‐lapse and SRS imaging, the relationship between growth and production at the single‐cell level are examined. The results demonstrate that cell‐to‐cell production heterogeneity is pervasive and provides a means to link single‐cell and population‐level production.
Polyglycerol‐Amine Covered Nanosheets Target Cell‐Free DNA to Attenuate Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Wu Kefei , Lu Xiaohui , Li Yi , Wang Yating , Liu Ming , Li Hongyu , Li Huiyan , Liu Qinghua , Shao Dan , Chen Wei , Zhou Yi , Tu Zhaoxu , Mao Haiping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIncreased levels of circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) are associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Scavenging cfDNA by nanomaterials is regarded as a promising remedy for cfDNA‐associated diseases, but a nanomaterial‐based cfDNA scavenging strategy has not yet been reported for AKI treatment. Herein, polyglycerol‐amine (PGA)‐covered MoS2 nanosheets with suitable size are synthesized to bind negatively charged cfDNA in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo models. The nanosheets exhibit higher cfDNA binding capacity than polymer PGA and PGA‐based nanospheres owing to the flexibility and crimpability of their 2D backbone. Moreover, with low cytotoxicity and mild protein adsorption, the nanosheets effectively reduced serum cfDNA levels and predominantly accumulated in the kidneys to inhibit the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps and renal inflammation, thereby alleviating both lipopolysaccharide and ischemia‐reperfusion induced AKI in mice. Further, they decreased the serum cfDNA levels in samples from AKI patients. Thus, PGA‐covered MoS2 nanosheets can serve as a potent cfDNA scavenger for treating AKI and other cfDNA‐associated diseases. In addition, this work demonstrates the pivotal feature of a 2D sheet‐like structure in the development of the cfDNA scavenger, which can provide a new insight into the future design of nanoplatforms for modulating inflammation.
Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation for Green Ammonia: Recent Progress and Challenges
Authors: Jin Haneul , Kim Suyeon S. , Venkateshalu Sandhya , Lee Jeseok , Lee Kwangyeol , Jin Kyoungsuk 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAmmonia, a key feedstock used in various industries, has been considered a sustainable fuel and energy storage option. However, NH3 production via the conventional Haber–Bosch process is costly, energy‐intensive, and significantly contributing to a massive carbon footprint. An electrochemical synthetic pathway for nitrogen fixation has recently gained considerable attention as NH3 can be produced through a green process without generating harmful pollutants. This review discusses the recent progress and challenges associated with the two relevant electrochemical pathways: direct and indirect nitrogen reduction reactions. The detailed mechanisms of these reactions and highlight the recent efforts to improve the catalytic performances are discussed. Finally, various promising research strategies and remaining tasks are presented to highlight future opportunities in the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction.
Antibody‐Drug Conjugates to Treat Bacterial Biofilms via Targeting and Extracellular Drug Release
Authors: Tvilum Anne , Johansen Mikkel I. , Glud Lærke N. , Ivarsen Diana M. , Khamas Amanda B. , Carmali Sheiliza , Mhatre Snehit Satish , Søgaard Ane B. , Faddy Emma , de Vor Lisanne , Rooijakkers Suzan H. M. , Østergaard Lars , Jørgensen Nis P. , Meyer Rikke L. , Zelikin Alexander N. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe treatment of implant‐associated bacterial infections and biofilms is an urgent medical need and a grand challenge because biofilms protect bacteria from the immune system and harbor antibiotic‐tolerant persister cells. This need is addressed herein through an engineering of antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs) that contain an anti‐neoplastic drug mitomycin C, which is also a potent antimicrobial against biofilms. The ADCs designed herein release the conjugated drug without cell entry, via a novel mechanism of drug release which likely involves an interaction of ADC with the thiols on the bacterial cell surface. ADCs targeted toward bacteria are superior by the afforded antimicrobial effects compared to the non‐specific counterpart, in suspension and within biofilms, in vitro, and in an implant‐associated murine osteomyelitis model in vivo. The results are important in developing ADC for a new area of application with a significant translational potential, and in addressing an urgent medical need of designing a treatment of bacterial biofilms.
Programmable Acoustic Holography using Medium‐Sound‐Speed Modulation
Authors: Xu Mingxin , Wang Jizhen , Harley William S. , Lee Peter V. S. , Collins David J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAcoustic holography offers the ability to generate designed acoustic fields to manipulate microscale objects. However, the static nature or large aperture sizes of 3D printed acoustic holographic phase plates limits the ability to rapidly alter generated fields. In this work， a programmable acoustic holography approach is demonstrated by which multiple discrete or continuously variable acoustic targets can be created. Here, the holographic phase plate encodes multiple images, where the desired field is produced by modifying the sound speed of an intervening fluid media. Its flexibility is demonstrated in generating various acoustic patterns, including continuous line segments, discrete letters and numbers, using this method as a sound speed indicator and fluid identification tool. This programmable acoustic holography approach has the advantages of generating reconfigurable and designed acoustic fields, with broad potential in microfluidics, cell/tissue engineering, real‐time sensing, and medical ultrasound.
An Anti‐Fracture and Super Deformable Soft Hydrogel Network Insensitive to Extremely Harsh Environments
Authors: Yang Baibin , Wang Caihong , Xiang Ruihan , Zhao Qiang , Wu Yong , Tan Shuai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDesign of hydrogels with superior flexible deformability, anti‐fracture toughness, and reliable environment adaption is fundamentally and practically important for diverse hydrogel‐based flexible devices. However, these features can hardly be compatible even in elaborately designed hydrogels. Herein soft hydrogel networks with superior anti‐fracture and deformability are proposed, which show good adaption to extremely harsh saline or alkaline environments. The hydrogel network is one‐step constructed via hydrophobic homogenous cross‐linking of poly (sodium acrylate), which is expected to provide hydrophobic associations and homogeneous cross‐linking for energy dissipation. The obtained hydrogels are quite soft and deformable (tensile modulus: ≈20 kPa, stretchability: 3700%), but show excellent anti‐fracture toughness (10.6 kJ m−2). The energy dissipation mechanism can be further intensified under saline or alkaline environments. The mechanical performance of the hydrophobic cross‐linking topology is inspired rather than weakened by extremely saline or alkaline environments (stretchability: 3900% and 5100%, toughness: 16.1 and 17.1 kJ m−2 under saturated NaCl and 6 mol L−1 NaOH environments, respectively). The hydrogel network also shows good performance in reversible deformations, ion conductivity, sensing strain, monitoring human motions, and freezing resistance under high‐saline environments. The hydrogel network show unique mechanical performance and robust environment adaption, which is quite promising for diverse applications.
Spin Glass Behavior in Amorphous Cr2Ge2Te6 Phase‐Change Alloy
Authors: Wang Xiaozhe , Sun Suyang , Wang Jiang‐Jing , Li Shuang , Zhou Jian , Aktas Oktay , Xu Ming , Deringer Volker L. , Mazzarello Riccardo , Ma En , Zhang Wei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe layered crystal structure of Cr2Ge2Te6 shows ferromagnetic ordering at the two‐dimensional limit, which holds promise for spintronic applications. However, external voltage pulses can trigger amorphization of the material in nanoscale electronic devices, and it is unclear whether the loss of structural ordering leads to a change in magnetic properties. Here, it is demonstrated that Cr2Ge2Te6 preserves the spin‐polarized nature in the amorphous phase, but undergoes a magnetic transition to a spin glass state below 20 K. Quantum‐mechanical computations reveal the microscopic origin of this transition in spin configuration: it is due to strong distortions of the CrTeCr bonds, connecting chromium‐centered octahedra, and to the overall increase in disorder upon amorphization. The tunable magnetic properties of Cr2Ge2Te6 can be exploited for multifunctional, magnetic phase‐change devices that switch between crystalline and amorphous states.
Disentangling day–night contributions toward altering atmospheric desiccation strength for US croplands
Authors: Kukal Meetpal Singh , Irmak Suat 
Published: June 2023

AbstractVapor pressure deficit (VPD) is the difference between saturation and actual water vapor pressures and is driven by interactions between air temperature and humidity. Globally, VPD observations indicate drying of the atmosphere, while air temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) have changed asymmetrically during daytime versus nighttime. However, whether daytime or nighttime T (Tday and Tnight, respectively) and RH (RHday and RHnight, respectively) have been more important to VPD change is unknown, and so is the seasonal variation of this importance. This research determines the relative contribution of Tday, Tnight, RHday, and RHnight to VPD change observed during 1981–2021 across the conterminous United States. Tday contributed 41% to driving a VPD increase of 2.1 standard deviations (SD), followed by contributions of 25%, 22%, and 12% from RHday, RHnight, and Tnight, respectively. Regions with significant VPD increase have seen increase in Tday (by 1 SD) and Tnight (by 0.9 SD) and a decrease in RHday (by 1 SD) and RHnight (by 3.4 SD). Diurnal asymmetry in warming and drying trends was true for most months, with greater rates of change during the nighttime than daytime. Tday was the dominant driver of the annual mean VPD rise for 70% of the counties, followed by RHday (18%), RHnight (11%), and Tnight (1%). We conclude that warming and drying during the days and nights together explain increased VPD across the US croplands and that climate stressors during days and nights should be viewed independently due to their crop‐specific impacts that vary spatially and seasonally.
The international consensus classification of eosinophilic disorders and systemic mastocytosis
Authors: Wang Sa A. , Orazi Attilio , Gotlib Jason , Reiter Andreas , Tzankov Alexandar , Hasserjian Robert P. , Arber Daniel A. , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBased on new data and increased understanding of disease molecular genetics, the international consensus classification (ICC) has made several changes in the diagnosis and classification of eosinophilic disorders and systemic mastocytosis. Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia (M/LN‐eo) and gene rearrangements have been renamed as M/LN‐eo with tyrosine kinase gene fusions (M/LN‐eo‐TK). The category has been expanded to include ETV6::ABL1 and FLT3 fusions, and to accept PCM1::JAK2 and its genetic variants as formal members. The overlaps and differences between M/LN‐eo‐TK and BCR::ABL1‐like B‐lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)/de novo T‐ALL sharing the same genetic lesions are addressed. Besides genetics, ICC for the first time has introduced bone marrow morphologic criteria in distinguishing idiopathic hypereosinophilia/hypereosinophilic syndrome from chronic eosinophilic leukemia, not otherwise specified. The major diagnostic criteria for systemic mastocytosis (SM) in the ICC remain largely based on morphology, but several minor modifications/refinements have been made in criteria related to diagnosis, subclassification, and assessment of disease burden (B‐ and C‐findings). This review is to focus on the ICC updates related to these disease entities, illustrated through changes related to morphology, molecular genetics, clinical features, prognosis, and treatment. Two practical algorithms are provided in navigating through the diagnosis and classification systems of hypereosinophilia and SM.
Comparative ontogeny of functional aspects of human cervical vertebrae
Authors: Nalley Thierra K. , Scott Jeremiah E. , McGechie Faye , Grider‐Potter Neysa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesDifferences between adult humans and great apes in cervical vertebral morphology are well documented, but the ontogeny of this variation is still largely unexplored. This study examines patterns of growth in functionally relevant features of C1, C2, C4, and C6 in extant humans and apes to understand the development of their disparate morphologies.Materials and MethodsLinear and angular measurements were taken from 530 cervical vertebrae representing 146 individual humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans. Specimens were divided into three age‐categories based on dental eruption: juvenile, adolescent, and adult. Inter‐ and intraspecific comparisons were evaluated using resampling methods.ResultsOf the eighteen variables examined here, seven distinguish humans from apes at the adult stage. Human‐ape differences in features related to atlantoaxial joint function tend to be established by the juvenile stage, whereas differences in features related to the nuchal musculature and movement of the subaxial elements do not fully emerge until adolescence or later. The orientation of the odontoid process—often cited as a feature that distinguishes humans from apes—is similar in adult humans and adult chimpanzees, but the developmental patterns are distinct, with human adultlike morphology being achieved much earlier.DiscussionThe biomechanical consequences of the variation observed here is poorly understood. Whether the differences in growth patterns represent functional links to cranial development or postural changes, or both, requires additional investigation. Determining when humanlike ontogenetic patterns evolved in hominins may provide insight into the functional basis driving the morphological divergence between extant humans and apes.