bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and spread pattern of lymph node metastasis from submandibular gland cancer
Authors: Tamagawa Kotaro , Otsuki Naoki , Shimoda Hikari , Morita Naruhiko , Furukawa Tatsuya , Teshima Masanori , Shinomiya Hirotaka , Nibu Ken-ichi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To clarify the indication of neck dissection (ND) for patient with submandibular gland (SMG) cancer.

Methods
A total of 43 patients with SMG cancer were retrospectively analyzed. Forty-one patients underwent ND: Levels I–V in 19 patients, Levels I–III in 18 patients, and Level Ib in 4 patients. The other two patients did not undergo ND, since preoperative diagnoses were benign. Postoperative radiotherapy was performed in 19 patients with positive surgical margin, high grade cancer or stage IV disease.

Results
LN metastases were pathologically confirmed in all patients with cN + and 6 out of 31 patients with cN–. No patients developed regional recurrence during follow-up periods. Ultimately, LN metastases were pathologically confirmed in 17 of 27 high grade, one out of 9 intermediate grade, but not in 7 low grade.

Conclusions
Prophylactic neck dissection should be considered in T3/4 and high grade SMG cancers.
Physical evidence of direct antagonistic interactions between trematodes in the host gut: the kiss of death?
Authors: Presswell Bronwen , Bennett Jerusha , Chai Xuhong , Poulin Robert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough within-host competition among parasites if often assumed to occur based on statistical patterns, actual physical evidence of direct antagonistic interactions between parasites, either intraspecific or interspecific, is very rare. Here, we report such evidence between and within two species of hemiurid trematodes infecting the deep-sea grenadier fish Coryphaenoides subserrulatus. We found pairs of worms attached together, with one worm using its ventral sucker against another worm, and sucking out a large protuberance on the victim. We also found single worms showing clear signs of past attacks. There was no evidence that these interactions were more common at high intensities of infection, where the conditions would be expected to be more conducive to competitive interactions. Our findings provide evidence that trematodes may cause some harm to co-occurring individuals, suggesting a direct form of interference competition among intestinal helminths.
Diagnostic accuracy of frozen section biopsy for early gastric cancer extent during endoscopic submucosal dissection: a prospective study
Authors: Kobashi Mayu , Ishikawa Shigenao , Inaba Tomoki , Iwamuro Masaya , Aoyama Yuki , Kagawa Tomo , Takeuchi Yasuto , Ando Midori , Nakamura Satoko , Okada Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Accurate diagnosis of the lateral extent of early gastric cancer during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is crucial to achieve negative resection margins. Similar to intraoperative consultation with a frozen section in surgery, rapid frozen section diagnosis with endoscopic forceps biopsy may be useful in assessing tumor margins during ESD. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of frozen section biopsy.

Methods
We prospectively enrolled 32 patients undergoing ESD for early gastric cancer. Biopsy samples for the frozen sections were randomly collected from fresh resected ESD specimens before formalin fixation. Two different pathologists independently diagnosed 130 frozen sections as “neoplasia,” “negative for neoplasia,” or “indefinite for neoplasia,” and the frozen section diagnosis was compared with the final pathological results of the ESD specimens.

Results
Among the 130 frozen sections, 35 were from cancerous areas, and 95 were from non-cancerous areas. The diagnostic accuracies of the frozen section biopsies by the two pathologists were 98.5 and 94.6%, respectively. Cohen’s kappa coefficient of diagnoses by the two pathologists was 0.851 (95% confidence interval: 0.837–0.864). Incorrect diagnoses resulted from freezing artifacts, a small volume of tissue, inflammation, the presence of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma with mild nuclear atypia, and/or tissue damage during ESD.

Conclusions
Pathological diagnosis of frozen section biopsy is reliable and can be applied as a rapid frozen section diagnosis for evaluating the lateral margins of early gastric cancer during ESD.
Regularity results for a free interface problem with Hölder coefficients
Authors: Esposito L. , Lamberti L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe study a class of variational problems involving both bulk and interface energies. The bulk energy is of Dirichlet type albeit of very general form allowing the dependence from the unknown variableuand the positionx. We employ the regularity theory of$$\Lambda $$Λ-minimizers to study the regularity of the free interface. The hallmark of the paper is the mild regularity assumption concerning the dependence of the coefficients with respect toxanduthat is of Hölder type.
On the stationarity for nonlinear optimization problems with polyhedral constraints
Authors: di Serafino Daniela , Hager William W. , Toraldo Gerardo , Viola Marco 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor polyhedral constrained optimization problems and a feasible point $$\textbf{x}$$
x
, it is shown that the projection of the negative gradient on the tangent cone, denoted $$\nabla _\varOmega f(\textbf{x})$$

∇
Ω

f

(
x
)

, has an orthogonal decomposition of the form $$\varvec{\beta }(\textbf{x}) + \varvec{\varphi }(\textbf{x})$$

β

(
x
)
+

φ

(
x
)

. At a stationary point, $$\nabla _\varOmega f(\textbf{x}) = \textbf{0}$$

∇
Ω

f

(
x
)

=
0

so $$\Vert \nabla _\varOmega f(\textbf{x})\Vert $$

‖

∇
Ω

f

(
x
)

‖

reflects the distance to a stationary point. Away from a stationary point, $$\Vert \varvec{\beta }(\textbf{x})\Vert $$

‖

β

(
x
)
‖

and $$\Vert \varvec{\varphi }(\textbf{x})\Vert $$

‖

φ

(
x
)
‖

measure different aspects of optimality since $$\varvec{\beta }(\textbf{x})$$

β

(
x
)

only vanishes when the KKT multipliers at $$\textbf{x}$$
x
have the correct sign, while $$\varvec{\varphi }(\textbf{x})$$

φ

(
x
)

only vanishes when $$\textbf{x}$$
x
is a stationary point in the active manifold. As an application of the theory, an active set algorithm is developed for convex quadratic programs which adapts the flow of the algorithm based on a comparison between $$\Vert \varvec{\beta }(\textbf{x})\Vert $$

‖

β

(
x
)
‖

and $$\Vert \varvec{\varphi }(\textbf{x})\Vert $$

‖

φ

(
x
)
‖

.
Self-interest, positional concerns and distributional considerations in healthcare preferences
Authors: Daniel Aemiro Melkamu , van Exel Job , Chorus Caspar G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEfficiently allocating scarce healthcare resources requires nuanced understanding of individual and collective interests as well as relative concerns, which may overlap or conflict. This paper is the first to empirically investigate whether and to what extent self-interest (SI), positional concerns (PC) and distributional considerations (DC) simultaneously explain individual decision making related to access to healthcare services. Our investigation is based on a stated choice experiment conducted in two countries with different healthcare systems, the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK). The choice experiment is on allocation of medical treatment waiting times for a hypothetical disease. We carry out the investigation under two different perspectives: (i) in a socially inclusive personal perspective decision makers were asked to choose between waiting time distributions for themselves and (ii) in a social perspective decision makers were asked to make similar choices for a close relative or friend of opposite gender. The results obtained by estimating a variety of advanced choice models indicate that DC, SI and PC, in this order of importance, are significant drivers of choice behaviour in our empirical context. These findings are consistent regardless of the choice perspective and the country where decision makers live. Comparing the results from different choice perspectives, we find that US respondents who chose for their close relative or friend attach significantly larger weight to their close relative’s or friend’s waiting times as well as to the overall distribution of waiting times than US respondents who chose for themselves. Looking at differences between countries, our results show that UK respondents who made choices for themselves placed significantly larger weight on SI and DC than US respondents, while US respondents, in turn, displayed relatively stronger but not significantly different positional concerns than UK respondents. In addition, we observe that UK respondents who chose for their close relative or friend put a larger weight on DC than their US counterparts. We conclude that the methodological (data collection and analysis) approach allows for disentangling the relative importance of the three motivations and discusses the potential implications of these findings for healthcare decision making.
Multiple tangent space projection for motor imagery EEG classification
Authors: Omari Sara , Omari Adil , Abderrahim Mohamed 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDue to its non-invasiveness and easiness to implement, EEG signals decoding are in base of most based brain computer interfaces (BCI) studies. Given the non-stationary nature of these signals, a preprocessing phase is needed. An interesting idea to perform the preprocessing is the use of spatial covariance matrices. In the last years, spatial covariance matrices based preprocessing was extensively used in electroencephalography (EEG) signal processing and spatial filtering for Motor imagery (MI) BCI. Spatial covariance matrices lie in the Riemannian manifold of Symmetric Positive-Definite (SPD) matrices, therefore, the use of Riemannian geometry is attracting a lot of attention and showing to be simple, robust, and providing good performance. This paper explores the idea of enhancing the information provided to the classifier by the combination of different covariance matrices projections from their native Riemannian space to multiple class-depending tangent spaces. We demonstrate that this new approach provides a significant improvement in model accuracy.
Optimizing intensive culture protocols for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae
Authors: Puvanendran Velmurugu , Swain Trilochan , Tveiten Helge , Hansen Øyvind J. , Mortensen Atle 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Larval cod require live prey as food, and prey concentration (PC) and feeding frequency (FF) often affect their growth and survival. Apart from this, water exchange rates/water flow (WER/WF) and water current (WC) also affect the prey resident time in the tank and larval/early juvenile behaviour, respectively. High water current is also known to induce stress in finfish larvae, and this stress response is believed to be dependent on larval developmental stage. Thus, we conducted a study to evaluate three larval rearing protocols varying in prey concentration, feeding frequency, and water current/exchange rate. Three protocols were used: low prey concentration (PC), low feeding frequency (FF), and low water flow (protocol 1); medium PC, medium FF, and medium WF (protocol 2); and high PC, high FF, and high WF (protocol 3) (see Table 1). Larvae were sampled periodically for growth and cortisol measurements. Cortisol extraction and radioimmunoassay (RIA) were conducted using methods previously validated for cod larvae. Larvae reared using protocols 2 and 3 were significantly bigger and heavier than larvae reared using protocol 1. Rearing protocol had a significant effect on the cortisol level in larval cod. Larvae showed a developmental stage-dependent stress response. Protocol 2 had significantly higher survival than protocols 1 and 3. Our results indicate that an intermediate PC, FF, and WF (protocol 2) is suitable during cod larval rearing.
A subjective interpretation of Liu–Liu’s credibility measures and expectations
Authors: Petturiti Davide 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe consider credibility measures introduced by Liu and Liu and the corresponding credibility expectations, obtained through the Choquet integral. In analogy with de Finetti’s approach to probability, we show that also for credibility measures and expectations, a subjective interpretation can be given through suitable notions of coherence. In detail, coherence can be expressed equivalently in terms of consistency, through a fair betting scheme and through a penalty criterion. Such notions of coherence rest upon the concepts of partially resolving uncertainty due to Jaffray, the notion of consonance due to Shafer and the notion of pessimism-optimism indifference introduced in this paper.
Investigation of the tensile deformation behaviour in Ni-based superalloy inconel alloy 617 using EBSD-based finite element simulations and optical flow method
Authors: Liesegang M. , Lion P. , Beck T. , Gräf M. , Steidl G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo improve component design, the fundamental understanding of the fatigue behaviour of gas turbine materials is essential. Since Ni-alloys exhibit pronounced elastic anisotropy, the local grain orientation strongly affects the stress and strain distribution in the material under mechanical loadings. This work addresses the characterisation of anisotropic elastic–plastic deformation and its consequences for crack initiation of nickel-base superalloy IN617 under tensile loading. Samples were loaded in situ in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to correlate the deformation behaviour with the grain structure and the grain orientation determined by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements. To calculate the resulting stresses and strains, the EBSD data were used to develop a model by finite element method (FEM) considering the grain structure and orientation. The results of the elastic–plastic finite element (FE) simulation were compared with the theories of the E⋅m model based on the Schmidt factor (m) and anisotropic Young’s modulus (E). A mathematical image registration method called “optical flow method” (OFM), which is capable to calculate the transformation of EBSD measuring points during deformation, was applied to the EBSD data. The strains calculated by the optical flow method and by FE simulation were compared for two samples. The findings revealed large strains in the later crack initiation area found in both the OFM and FEM. The developed FEM model was verified by the successful correlation of hypotheses of the E·m model with the simulated mechanical behaviour. Furthermore, the impact of the microstructural neighbourhood on the mechanical behaviour was emphasised.
Graphical Abstract
Lipid profiles of plants and soil microbial communities are shaped by soil parent material in Australian sclerophyll forests
Authors: Liang Grace H. , Butler Orpheus M. , Warren Charles R. 
Published: May 2023

Background and aims
Plant and soil microbes can reduce their phosphorus (P)-requirements by replacing phospholipids with non-P containing lipids (e.g., galactolipids, sulfolipids, and betaine lipids). There have been few studies of this process in the field (i.e., in natural ecosystems); thus, it is unclear whether a similar replacement of phospholipids with non-P lipids occurs across natural gradients of soil P-availability.

Methods
We compared the membrane lipid profiles of plant leaves, roots, and soil microbial communities between two adjacent native Australian sclerophyll forest ecosystems—one situated on a severely P-deficient sandstone-derived soil and the other on a comparatively P-rich shale-derived soil. The herbaceous species, Lomandra longifolia, which occurred across both soils was sampled, along with two Myrtaceae tree species associated with each soil type.

Results
The phospholipid content of plant leaves and soil microbes was two- to three-fold greater in the shale site than the sandstone site, but non-P lipid content did not differ between sites.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that plants and soil microbes can have a lower investment of P into phospholipids in response to P-deficiency without a concomitant increase in non-P lipid content. Modulations in phospholipid concentration occurred across all plant- and soil microbial-associated phospholipid classes.
Content validation of a daily patient-reported outcome measure for assessing symptoms in patients with Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth
Authors: Durgam Neha , Dashputre Ankur A. , Moshkovich Olga , Rezaie Ali , Martinez Nicholas , Enayati Pedram , Stansbury James , Joseph George 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to generate evidence supporting the development and content validity of a new PRO instrument, the Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) Symptom Measure (SSM) daily diary. The SSM assesses symptom severity in SIBO patients, with the ultimate goal of providing a fit for purpose PRO for endpoint measurement.

Methods
Qualitative research included 35 SIBO patients in three study stages, using a hybrid concept elicitation (CE)/cognitive interview (CI) method with US patients, ≥ 18 years. Stage 1 included a literature review, clinician interviews, and initial CE interviews with SIBO patients to identify symptoms important to patients for inclusion in the SSM. Stage 2 included hybrid CE/CI to learn more about patients’ SIBO experience and test the draft SSM. Finally, stage 3 used CIs to refine the instrument and test its content validity.

Results
In stage 1 (n = 8), 15 relevant concepts were identified, with items drafted based on the literature review/clinician interviews and elicitation work. Within stage 2 (n = 15), the SSM was refined to include 11 items; with wording revised for three items. Stage 3 (n = 12) confirmed the comprehensiveness of the SSM, as well as appropriateness of the item wording, recall period, and response scale. The resulting 11-item SSM assesses the severity of bloating, abdominal distention, abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain, flatulence, physical tiredness, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, appetite loss, and belching.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence supporting the content validity of the new PRO. Comprehensive patient input ensures that the SSM is a well-defined measure of SIBO, ready for psychometric validation studies.
The impact of entrepreneurship research on other academic fields
Authors: Thurik A. Roy , Audretsch David B. , Block Jörn H. , Burke Andrew , Carree Martin A. , Dejardin Marcus , Rietveld Cornelius A. , Sanders Mark , Stephan Ute , Wiklund Johan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe remarkable ascent of entrepreneurship witnessed as a scientific field over the last 4 decades has been made possible by entrepreneurship’s ability to absorb theories, paradigms, and methods from other fields such as economics, psychology, sociology, geography, and even biology. The respectability of entrepreneurship as an academic discipline is now evidenced by many other fields starting to borrow from the entrepreneurship view. In the present paper, seven examples are given from this “pay back” development. These examples were first presented during a seminar at the Erasmus Entrepreneurship Event called what has the entrepreneurship view to offer to other academic fields? This article elaborates on the core ideas of these presentations and focuses on the overarching question of how entrepreneurship research impacts the development of other academic fields. We found that entrepreneurship research questions the core assumptions of other academic fields and provides new insights into the antecedents, mechanisms, and consequences of their respective core phenomena. Moreover, entrepreneurship research helps to legitimize other academic fields both practically and academically.
Water scarcity can be a critical limitation for the poultry industry
Authors: El Sabry Mohamed I. , Romeih Zeinab U. , Stino Farid K. R. , Khosht Abeer R. , Aggrey Samul E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWater is essential for various physiological functions and the productive performance of animals. However, with climatic uncertainties exacerbated by climatic changes, water could become a scarce nutrient shortly. This is already the case in one-third of the world’s countries, which are under medium to high levels of water stress. Accordingly, with the growth of poultry production, the availability of water at ad libitum level may not be guaranteed, and birds can be under water restriction for variable periods. Thus, this article aims at attracting the attention of animal scientists to the freshwater shortage challenge, as well as shedding light on (1) the effects of climate change on the freshwater resources; (2) the effects of limited access to water, either by water restriction (WR) or water deprivation (WD), on the growth, feed efficiency, and meat quality of broilers; (3) the effects of different levels of WR or WD on egg production and egg quality traits; (4) the effects of limited access to water on the health, behavior, and welfare status of chickens; and (5) suggested solutions to overcome future water shortage challenges. In conclusion, severe water shortage/restriction might negatively influence the productivity, behavior, and welfare status of the chickens. Genetic background and environmental conditions may interact with the WR effects. The tolerance level of indigenous chicken breeds to limited water access could provide the knowhow to potential solutions to overcome water shortage problems. Selection of chicken strains with high tolerance capacity to thirst and limited water access regimens may be a sustainable solution for solving water scarcity problems.
The US Way or Huawei? An Analysis of the Positioning of Secondary States in the US-China Rivalry
Authors: Christie Øystein Soknes , Jakobsen Jo , Jakobsen Tor Georg 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article examines the determinants of the positioning of secondary states in the US-China conflict over market access for China’s Huawei. Our explanations draw on three branches of realism: balance-of-threat theory, patron-client theory, and Hirschman’s theory on trade relationships and foreign-policy convergence. For the dependent variable, we assemble a new dataset of the attitudes of 70 states toward Huawei’s investment aspirations. We present a series of ordered logit regression models from which three main patterns appear. First, less powerful states seem more acceptive of the Chinese company. Second, those states that rely on US security guarantees tend to be far more rejective of Huawei. Third, whereas trade with China appears to be a factor in the reasonings of other states, trade with the US is not. In sum, the patron-client theory offers the most cogent explanation of the divergence of responses to Huawei.