bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histone variant H3.3 promotes metastasis in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Karthik Nandini , Lee Jane Jia Hui , Soon Joshua Ling Jun , Chiu Hsin Yao , Loh Amos Hong Pheng , Ong Derrick Sek Tong , Tam Wai Leong , Taneja Reshma 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe relatively quiet mutational landscape of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) suggests that epigenetic deregulation could be central to oncogenesis and tumour aggressiveness. Histone variants have long been recognised as important epigenetic regulators of gene expression. However, the role of histone variants in RMS has not been studied hitherto. In this study, we show that histone variant H3.3 is overexpressed in alveolar RMS (ARMS), an aggressive subtype of RMS. Functionally, knockdown of H3F3A, which encodes for H3.3, significantly impairs the ability of ARMS cells to undertake migration and invasion and reduces Rho activation. In addition, a striking reduction in metastatic tumour burden and improved survival is apparent in vivo. Using RNA‐sequencing and ChIP‐sequencing analyses, we identified melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM/CD146) as a direct downstream target of H3.3. Loss of H3.3 resulted in a reduction in the presence of active marks and an increase in the occupancy of H1 at the MCAM promoter. Cell migration and invasion were rescued in H3F3A‐depleted cells through MCAM overexpression. Moreover, we identified G9a, a lysine methyltransferase encoded by EHMT2, as an upstream regulator of H3F3A. Therefore, this study identifies a novel H3.3 dependent axis involved in ARMS metastasis. These findings establish the potential of MCAM as a therapeutic target for high‐risk ARMS patients. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Imbuing carbon fibers with electrochemical storage properties without compromising fiber‐to‐matrix adhesion
Authors: Stanfield Melissa K. , Dharamasiri Bhagya , Randall James D. , Stojcevski Filip , Qin Si (Alex) , Razal Joselito M. , Eyckens Daniel J. , Henderson Luke C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe application of carbon fiber in structural batteries and capacitors may be advanced by increasing the surface functionality of these materials. Herein, we describe the electrochemical surface modification to attach ferrocene containing polymers to the carbon fiber surface. This was carried out using a ferrocene monomer in isolation, and as part of a blend in acrylamide. The ferrocene‐containing polymers significantly improve the interfacial shear strength (+180%) in an epoxy resin and improves the tensile strength of the fiber by more than 10%, compared to a control sample (modified fiber 3.81 ± 0.08 GPa; pristine fiber 3.56 ± 0.09 GPa, respectively). These polymers also improve the specific capacitance of the fiber (1250 mF g−1) compared to pristine (113 mF g−1). An excellent retention of capacitance (80%) was also found for these modified materials via galvanostatic charge–discharge stability tests after 1000 charge–discharge cycles.
In vivo localization of iron starvation induced proteins under variable iron supplementation regimes in Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Kazamia Elena , Mach Jan , McQuaid Jeffrey B. , Gao Xia , Coale Tyler H. , Malych Ronald , Camadro Jean‐Michel , Lesuisse Emmanuel , Allen Andrew E. , Bowler Chris , Sutak Robert 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe model pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum is able to assimilate a range of iron sources. It therefore provides a platform to study different mechanisms of iron processing concomitantly in the same cell. In this study, we follow the localization of three iron starvation induced proteins (ISIPs) in vivo, driven by their native promoters and tagged by fluorophores in an engineered line of P. tricornutum. We find that the localization patterns of ISIPs are dynamic and variable depending on the overall iron status of the cell and the source of iron it is exposed to. Notwithstanding, a shared destination of the three ISIPs both under ferric iron and siderophore‐bound iron supplementation is a globular compartment in the vicinity of the chloroplast. In a proteomic analysis, we identify that the cell engages endocytosis machinery involved in the vesicular trafficking as a response to siderophore molecules, even when these are not bound to iron. Our results suggest that there may be a direct vesicle traffic connection between the diatom cell membrane and the periplastidial compartment (PPC) that co‐opts clathrin‐mediated endocytosis and the “cytoplasm to vacuole” (Cvt) pathway, for proteins involved in iron assimilation.Proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD021172.HighlightThe marine diatom P. tricornutum engages a vesicular network to traffic siderophores and phytotransferrin from the cell membrane directly to a putative iron processing site in the vicinity of the chloroplast.
Proteomic and phosphoproteomic landscape of salivary extracellular vesicles to assess OSCC therapeutical outcomes
Authors: Sun Jie , Wang Xiaole , Ding Yajie , Xiao Bolin , Wang Xinxin , Ali Muhammad Mujahid , Ma Leyao , Xie Zhuoying , Gu Zhongze , Chen Gang , Tao W. Andy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCirculating extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as an appealing source for surrogates to evaluate the disease status. Herein, we present a novel proteomic strategy to identify proteins and phosphoproteins from salivary EVs to distinguish oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients from healthy individuals and explore the feasibility to evaluate therapeutical outcomes. Bi‐functionalized magnetic beads (BiMBs) with Ti (IV) ions and a lipid analog, 1,2‐Distearoyl‐3‐sn‐glycerophosphoethanolamine (DSPE) are developed to efficiently isolate EVs from small volume of saliva. In the discovery stage, label‐free proteomics and phosphoproteomics quantification showed 315 upregulated proteins and 132 upregulated phosphoproteins in OSCC patients among more than 2500 EV proteins and 1000 EV phosphoproteins, respectively. We further applied targeted proteomics by coupling parallel reaction monitoring with parallel accumulation‐serial fragmentation (prm‐PASEF) to measure panels of proteins and phosphoproteins from salivary EVs collected before and after surgical resection. A panel of three total proteins and three phosphoproteins, most of which have previously been associated with OSCC and other cancer types, show sensitive response to the therapy in individual patients. Our study presents a novel strategy to the discovery of effective biomarkers for non‐invasive assessment of OSCC surgical outcomes with small amount of saliva.
Molecular dynamics simulations of reactive neutral chemistry in an argon‐methane plasma
Authors: Kandjani Glenn O. , Brault Pascal , Mikikian Maxime , Tetard Gautier , Michau Armelle , Hassouni Khaled 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulations are performed to study the reactions in the volume of a low‐pressure methane plasma diluted in argon. In the first step, a 1D fluid model is used to determine the initial molar fractions of initial species. The obtained composition thus becomes the input for the reactive molecular dynamics simulations. The study is carried out at 300, 400, 500, and 1000 K. Increasing the temperature increases the range of different molecules formed. The time evolution of C2H and CH3 and the different reaction pathways leading to larger molecules show that C2H is the main precursor and CH3 is the main intermediate precursor for the formation of large molecules.
Pediatric pulmonology 2021 year in review: Asthma
Authors: Stephenson Nicole , Loughlin Ceila E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAsthma is the most common chronic disease in children, affecting an estimated 6.1 million children in the United States. SARS‐CoV2 had a significant impact on asthma exacerbations and healthcare utilization of patients with asthma in 2021. Additionally, studies in 2021 influenced the field of asthma with improvements in diagnostic testing and monitoring, treatment of severe exacerbations, social determinants of health, and evaluation of medical costs. This article is part of our 2021 “Year in Review” series, in which we summarize publications in major pulmonary topics, in the context of selected literature from other journals relevant to our discipline.
Xanthatin suppresses proliferation and tumorigenicity of glioma cells through autophagy inhibition via activation of the PI3K‐Akt–mTOR pathway
Authors: Chen Huaqing , Zhu Tong , Huang Xiaojie , Xu Wenshuang , Di Zemin , Ma Yuyang , Xue Min , Bi Sixing , Shen Yujun , Yu Yongqiang , Shen Yuxian , Feng Lijie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGlioma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults with high morbidity and mortality. Rapid proliferation and diffuse migration are the main obstacles to successful glioma treatment. Xanthatin, a sesquiterpene lactone purified from Xanthium strumarium L., possesses a significant antitumor role in several malignant tumors. In this study, we report that xanthatin suppressed glioma cells proliferation and induced apoptosis in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner, and was accompanied by autophagy inhibition displaying a significantly reduced LC3 punctate fluorescence and LC3II/I ratio, decreased level of Beclin 1, while increased accumulation of p62. Notably, treating glioma cells with xanthatin resulted in obvious activation of the PI3K‐Akt–mTOR signaling pathway, as indicated by increased mTOR and Akt phosphorylation, decreased ULK1 phosphorylation, which is important in modulating autophagy. Furthermore, xanthatin‐mediated pro‐apoptosis in glioma cells was significantly reversed by autophagy inducers (rapamycin or Torin1), or PI3K‐mTOR inhibitor NVP‐BEZ235. Taken together, these findings indicate that anti‐proliferation and pro‐apoptosis effects of xanthatin in glioma are most likely by inhibiting autophagy via activation of PI3K‐Akt–mTOR pathway, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy against glioma.
Multiscale Multimodal Investigation of the Intratissural Biodistribution of Iron Nanotherapeutics with Single Cell Resolution Reveals Co‐Localization with Endogenous Iron in Splenic Macrophages
Authors: Balfourier Alice , Tsolaki Elena , Heeb Laura , Starsich Fabian H. L. , Klose Daniel , Boss Andreas , Gupta Anurag , Gogos Alexander , Herrmann Inge K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractImaging of iron‐based nanoparticles (NPs) remains challenging because of the presence of endogenous iron in tissues that is difficult to distinguish from exogenous iron originating from the NPs. Here, an analytical cascade for characterizing the biodistribution of biomedically relevant iron‐based NPs from the organ scale to the cellular and subcellular scales is introduced. The biodistribution on an organ level is assessed by elemental analysis and quantification of magnetic iron by electron paramagnetic resonance, which allowed differentiation of exogenous and endogenous iron. Complementary to these bulk analysis techniques, correlative whole‐slide optical and electron microscopy provided spatially resolved insight into the biodistribution of endo‐ and exogenous iron accumulation in macrophages, with single‐cell and single‐particle resolution, revealing coaccumulation of iron NPs with endogenous iron in splenic macrophages. Subsequent transmission electron microscopy revealed two types of morphologically distinct iron‐containing structures (exogenous nanoparticles and endogenous ferritin) within membrane‐bound vesicles in the cytoplasm, hinting at an attempt of splenic macrophages to extract and recycle iron from exogenous nanoparticles. Overall, this strategy enables the distinction of endo‐ and exogenous iron across scales (from cm to nm, based on the analysis of thousands of cells) and illustrates distribution on organ, cell, and organelle levels.
In Vivo Surface‐Enhanced Transmission Raman Spectroscopy under Maximum Permissible Exposure: Toward Photosafe Detection of Deep‐Seated Tumors
Authors: Zhang Yumin , Chen Ruoyu , Liu Fugang , Miao Peng , Lin Li , Ye Jian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe detection of deep‐seated lesions is of great significance for biomedical applications. However, due to the strong photon absorption and scattering of biological tissues, it is challenging to realize in vivo deep optical detections, particularly for those using the safe laser irradiance below clinical maximum permissible exposure (MPE). In this work, the combination of ultra‐bright surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotags and transmission Raman spectroscopy (TRS) is reported to achieve the non‐invasive and photosafe detection of “phantom” lesions deeply hidden in biological tissues, under the guidance of theoretical calculations showing the importance of SERS nanotags’ brightness and the expansion of laser beam size. Using a home‐built TRS system with a laser power density of 0.264 W cm−2 (below the MPE criteria), we successfully demonstrated the detection of SERS nanotags through up to 14‐cm‐thick ex vivo porcine tissues, as well as in vivo imaging of “phantom” lesions labeled by SERS nanotags in a 1.5‐cm‐thick unshaved mouse under MPE. This work highlights the potential of transmission Raman‐guided identification and non‐invasive imaging toward clinically photosafe cancer diagnoses.
Effects of technological change and automation on industry structure and (wage-)inequality: insights from a dynamic task-based model
Authors: Dawid Herbert , Neugart Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe advent of artificial intelligence is changing the task allocation of workers and machines in firms’ production processes with potentially wide ranging effects on workers and firms. We develop an agent-based simulation framework to investigate the consequences of different types of automation for industry output, the wage distribution, the labor share, and industry dynamics. It is shown how the competitiveness of markets, in particular barriers to entry, changes the effects that automation has on various outcome variables, and to which extent heterogeneous workers with distinct general skill endowments and heterogeneous firms featuring distinct wage offer rules affect the channels via which automation changes market outcomes.
Assessment of perfusion deficit with early phases of [18F]PI-2620 tau-PET versus [18F]flutemetamol-amyloid-PET recordings
Authors: Völter Friederike , Beyer Leonie , Eckenweber Florian , Scheifele Maximilian , Bui Ngoc , Patt Marianne , Barthel Henryk , Katzdobler Sabrina , Palleis Carla , Franzmeier Nicolai , Levin Johannes , Perneczky Robert , Rauchmann Boris-Stephan , Sabri Osama , Hong Jimin , Cumming Paul , Rominger Axel , Shi Kuangyu , Bartenstein Peter , Brendel Matthias 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Characteristic features of amyloid-PET (A), tau-PET (T), and FDG-PET (N) can serve for the A/T/N classification of neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies showed that the early, perfusion-weighted phases of amyloid- or tau-PET recordings serve to detect cerebrometabolic deficits equally to FDG-PET, therefore providing a surrogate of neuronal injury. As such, two channels of diagnostic information can be obtained in the setting of a single PET scan. However, there has hitherto been no comparison of early-phase amyloid- and tau-PET as surrogates for deficits in perfusion/metabolism. Therefore, we undertook to compare [18F]flutemetamol-amyloid-PET and [18F]PI-2620 tau-PET as “one-stop shop” dual purpose tracers for the detection of neurodegenerative disease.

Methods
We obtained early-phase PET recordings with [18F]PI-2620 (0.5–2.5 min p.i.) and [18F]flutemetamol (0–10 min p.i.) in 64 patients with suspected neurodegenerative disease. We contrasted global mean normalized images (SUVr) in the patients with a normal cohort of 15 volunteers without evidence of increased pathology to β-amyloid- and tau-PET examinations. Regional group differences of tracer uptake (z-scores) of 246 Brainnetome volumes of interest were calculated for both tracers, and the correlations of the z-scores were evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Lobar compartments, regions with significant neuronal injury (z-scores <  − 3), and patients with different neurodegenerative disease entities (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease or 4R-tauopathies) served for subgroup analysis. Additionally, we used partial regression to correlate regional perfusion alterations with clinical scores in cognition tests.

Results
The z-scores of perfusion-weighted images of both tracers showed high correlations across the brain, especially in the frontal and parietal lobes, which were the brain regions with pronounced perfusion deficit in the patient group (R = 0.83 ± 0.08; range, 0.61–0.95). Z-scores of individual patients correlated well by region (R = 0.57 ± 0.15; range, 0.16–0.90), notably when significant perfusion deficits were present (R = 0.66 ± 0.15; range, 0.28–0.90).

Conclusion
The early perfusion phases of [18F]PI-2620 tau- and [18F]flutemetamol-amyloid-PET are roughly equivalent indices of perfusion defect indicative of regional and lobar neuronal injury in patients with various neurodegenerative diseases. As such, either tracer may serve for two diagnostic channels by assessment of amyloid/tau status and neuronal activity.
A Homogenized Bending Theory for Prestrained Plates
Authors: Böhnlein Klaus , Neukamm Stefan , Padilla-Garza David , Sander Oliver 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe presence of prestrain can have a tremendous effect on the mechanical behavior of slender structures. Prestrained elastic plates show spontaneous bending in equilibrium—a property that makes such objects relevant for the fabrication of active and functional materials. In this paper we study microheterogeneous, prestrained plates that feature non-flat equilibrium shapes. Our goal is to understand the relation between the properties of the prestrained microstructure and the global shape of the plate in mechanical equilibrium. To this end, we consider a three-dimensional, nonlinear elasticity model that describes a periodic material that occupies a domain with small thickness. We consider a spatially periodic prestrain described in the form of a multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient. By simultaneous homogenization and dimension reduction, we rigorously derive an effective plate model as a$$\Gamma $$Γ-limit for vanishing thickness and period. That limit has the form of a nonlinear bending energy with an emergent spontaneous curvature term. The homogenized properties of the bending model (bending stiffness and spontaneous curvature) are characterized by corrector problems. For a model composite—a prestrained laminate composed of isotropic materials—we investigate the dependence of the homogenized properties on the parameters of the model composite. Secondly, we investigate the relation between the parameters of the model composite and the set of shapes with minimal bending energy. Our study reveals a rather complex dependence of these shapes on the composite parameters. For instance, the curvature and principal directions of these shapes depend on the parameters in a nonlinear and discontinuous way; for certain parameter regions we observe uniqueness and non-uniqueness of the shapes. We also observe size effects: The geometries of the shapes depend on the aspect ratio between the plate thickness and the composite period. As a second application of our theory, we study a problem of shape programming: We prove that any target shape (parametrized by a bending deformation) can be obtained (up to a small tolerance) as an energy minimizer of a composite plate, which is simple in the sense that the plate consists of only finitely many grains that are filled with a parametrized composite with a single degree of freedom.
Reconstruction of a Coloring from its Homogeneous Sets
Authors: Piña C. , Uzcátegui C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe study the following reconstruction problem for colorings. Given a countable set X (finite or infinite), a coloring on X is a function $$\varphi : [X]^{2}\rightarrow \{0,1\}$$

φ
:

[
X
]

2

→

{
0
,
1
}

, where $$[X]^{2}$$

[
X
]

2

is the collection of all 2-elements subsets of X. A set $$H\subseteq X$$

H
⊆
X

is homogeneous for $$\varphi$$
φ
when $$\varphi$$
φ
is constant on $$[H]^2$$

[
H
]

2

. Let $${{\,\textrm{hom}\,}}(\varphi )$$

hom

(
φ
)

be the collection of all homogeneous sets for $$\varphi$$
φ
. The coloring $$1-\varphi$$

1
-
φ

is called the complement of $$\varphi$$
φ
. We say that $$\varphi$$
φ
is reconstructible up to complementation from its homogeneous sets, if for any coloring $$\psi$$
ψ
on X such that $${{\,\textrm{hom}\,}}(\varphi )={{\,\textrm{hom}\,}}(\psi )$$

hom

(
φ
)
=

hom

(
ψ
)

we have that either $$\psi =\varphi$$

ψ
=
φ

or $$\psi =1-\varphi$$

ψ
=
1
-
φ

. We present several conditions for reconstructibility and non reconstructibility. For X an infinite countable set, we show that there is a Borel way to recovering a coloring from its homogeneous sets.
Understanding CMIP6 biases in the representation of the Greater Horn of Africa long and short rains
Authors: Schwarzwald Kevin , Goddard Lisa , Seager Richard , Ting Mingfang , Marvel Kate 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe societies of the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA) are vulnerable to variability in two distinct rainy seasons, the March–May ‘long’ rains and the October–December ‘short’ rains. Recent trends in both rainy seasons, possibly related to patterns of low-frequency variability, have increased interest in future climate projections from General Circulation Models (GCMs). However, previous generations of GCMs historically have poorly simulated the regional hydroclimate. This study conducts a process-based evaluation of simulations of the long and short rains in CMIP6, the latest generation of GCMs. Key biases in CMIP5 remain or are worsened, including long rains that are too short and weak and short rains that are too long and strong. Model biases are driven by a complex set of related oceanic and atmospheric factors, including simulations of the Walker Circulation. Biased wet short rains in models are connected with Indian Ocean zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradients that are too warm in the west and convection that is too deep. Models connect equatorial African winds with the strength of the short rains, though in observations a robust connection is primarily found in the long rains. Model mean state biases in the timing of the western Indian Ocean SST seasonal cycle are associated with certain rainfall timing biases, though both biases may be due to a common source. Simulations driven by historical SSTs (AMIP runs) often have larger biases than fully coupled runs. A path towards using biases to better understand uncertainty in projections of GHA rainfall is suggested.