bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of collective behaviour via causality analysis
Authors: Lonhus Kirill , Rychtáriková Renata , Štys Dalibor 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTerms such as leader, mediator, and follower sound equal in the description of a pack of wolves, a street protest crowd, or a business team and have very similar meanings. This indicates the presence of some general law or structure that governs collective behaviour. To reveal this, we selected the most common parameter for most levels of the organisation—motion. A causality analysis of distance correlations was performed to obtain follow-up networks that show who follows whom and how strongly. These networks characterise an observed system in general and work as an automation bridge between the biological experiment and the broad field of network analysis. The proposed method was tested on 3D image data from a controlled experiment on a 6-member school of aquarium fish of Tiger Barb. The network patterns can be easily ethologically interpreted and agreed with expected behaviour.
222Rn calibration procedure for water analyses by liquid scintillation counting
Authors: Gomes Ana Rita , Dias Sérgio , Mourato Anabela , Abrantes João , Reis Mário 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Among the several methods to measure 222Rn in water, the liquid scintillation counting (LSC) technique is one of the most sensitive and widely used when analysing non-saline waters by liquid extraction, providing excellent accuracy, precision and low-level detection limits. When using the liquid scintillation counter Tri-Carb 3170 TR/SL (Perkin-Elmer) it is not possible to make an automatic determination of the alpha/beta discrimination parameter, being necessary to evaluate the pulse decay discriminator (PDD) value manually to the 222Rn determination. In this work, we describe the steps to perform the calibration of that type of equipment.

Methods
The method consists in the preparation of standard samples from a 226Ra certified standard solution and the adjustment of the PDD value by hand until the percentage of alpha events reaches a plateau of a near-constant fraction of total events. The process consists in taking several measures between PDD 80 and 200 with 15 min counting time each. Within the plateau, the alpha/beta ratio was used to determine the plateau final range as well as the optimum PDD value. After that, the calibration standards and blanks were measured and the region of interest (ROI) was established by finding the maximum value for the figure of merit (FOM) in the upper and lower limits.

Results
The optimal PDD value of 148 was established by the alpha/beta ratio, and after that, it was possible to measure 226Ra standards to perform the calibration. An efficiency of (9.758±0.035) × 10–1 was obtained. In routine measurements, a detection limit of about 0.50 Bq L–1 is achieved for a 120 min counting time. To evaluate the uncertainty budget, the uncertainties of the net count rate, the efficiency, the sample amount and the decay correction factor were considered.

Conclusions
A method was developed for the calibration of LSC Tri-Carb 3170 TR/SL with the optimization of the PDD using a 226Ra standard solution. The acquisition to obtain the plot of the variation of the events fraction in each window (alpha and beta) in function of PDD allowed to evaluate a plateau where the fraction of events was at a minimum. Afterwards, it was possible to measure the set of 226Ra standards after the equilibrium with 222Rn and determine the efficiency for 222Rn with a detection limit of about 0.50 Bq L–1 in routine analyses.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Multi-stage biomedical
feature selection extraction algorithm for cancer detection
Authors: Keshta Ismail , Deshpande Pallavi Sagar , Shabaz Mohammad , Soni Mukesh , Bhadla Mohit kumar , Muhammed Yasser 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCancer is a significant cause of death worldwide. Early cancer detection is
greatly aided by machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) to gene microarray
data sets (microarray data). Despite this, there is a significant discrepancy between
the number of gene features in the microarray data set and the number of samples.
Because of this, it is crucial to identify markers for gene array data. Existing feature
selection algorithms, however, generally use long-standing, are limited to
single-condition feature selection and rarely take feature extraction into account. This
work proposes a Multi-stage algorithm for Biomedical Deep Feature Selection (MBDFS) to
address this issue. In the first, three feature selection techniques are combined for
thorough feature selection, and feature subsets are obtained; in the second, an
unsupervised neural network is used to create the best representation of the feature
subset to enhance final classification accuracy. Using a variety of metrics, including a
comparison of classification results before and after feature selection and the
performance of alternative feature selection methods, we evaluate MBDFS's efficacy. The
experiments demonstrate that although MBDFS uses fewer features, classification accuracy
is either unchanged or enhanced.
Foaming and defoaming–concepts and their significance in food and allied industries: a review
Authors: Deotale Shweta M. , Dutta Sayantani , Moses J. A. , Anandharamakrishnan C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFoaming is an essential unit operation in several food processing industries. Although foaming is advantageous for a few industries, it causes huge losses in others. Foam generation as well as its stabilization is a complex phenomenon, and its efficient control is a mandatory operation in the food industry. Surface tension, viscosity, and ionic strength are the factors that influence foaming behavior. Film elasticity and the production of gelatinous surface layers are linked to the stability of persistent foams. Several chemicals, natural oils, esters, and fatty acids are found to be the components to reduce foaming during food processing. In the present review, the science behind foaming has been discussed in detail along with its stabilization, destabilization as well as different methods to control the foaming during processing. Here, the merits and demerits of foaming are also elaborated on with suitable examples. The current review also provides new insights into the application of foaming and defoaming substances in vegan industries and its effect on the stabilization and destabilization of foam at the air–water interface.
An investigation on the structural and optical properties of mercaptosuccinic acid capped cadmium telluride quantum dots
Authors: Borah Dibya Jyoti , Saikia D. , Das A. , Saikia P. K. , Mostako A. T. T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work, a sonication induced modified wet chemical approach is adopted to synthesize highly luminescent and water soluble cadmium telluride (CdTe) quantum dots (QDs). The morphology, size, crystal structural, and optical properties of CdTe QDs are investigated for different refluxing time (1–4 h). The refluxing time-dependent optical constants viz. band gap energy and Urbach energy of the QDs are estimated from UV–Visible absorption spectra. The optical band gap energy decreased from ~ 2.12 to 1.92 eV and the Urbach energy increased from ~ 361 to 487 meV, with the increase in refluxing time. CdTe QDs are found to be uniform in size. The average size of the QDs estimated from the High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope image analysis is about 5.8 and 8.2 nm for refluxing times 1 and 4 h, respectively. The growth mechanism of the QDs as a function of refluxing time has also been discussed. The fluorescence spectra of the QDs, revealed emission peaks having wavelength from ~ 534 to 585 nm, under the excitation wavelength of 320 nm. The fluorescence emission peaks showed a bathochromic shift with increasing refluxing time. CdTe QDs also exhibit excitation-dependent fluorescence behaviour. Two crystalline phases of the CdTe QDs, namely hexagonal and cubic are confirmed from the High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope images and Selected Area Electron Diffraction patterns analysis. The phase transformation from hexagonal to cubic is successfully achieved by tuning the refluxing time from 1 to 4 h.
Initial steps for the Portuguese Atlas of geographical variation in healthcare
Authors: von Hafe Francisco , Azevedo Salomé , Fragata José , Londral Ana Rita 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNon-clinical aspects contribute to differences in healthcare practices within each country, which may imply that some patients do not receive the care they need. In contrast, others may not benefit from the care that they receive. However, to the authors’ knowledge, only a few geographical variation studies with a national scope were recently conducted in Portugal. This study aimed to test if it was possible to conduct a geographical variation analysis in Portugal using publicly available data to compare the 18 districts and stimulate a debate around this topic. To achieve this goal, we first investigated the publicly available Portuguese National Health Service database (Transparency Portal) for data from activities and procedures that could be included in this analysis. Four were included: percentage of cesarian sections in total births, rate of hip surgeries within the first 48 h after admission in patients older than 65, rate of consumed antibiotics in the total drugs consumed, and percentage of elective surgeries. After retrieving the data, we mapped the results and computed the ratio of variation and the coefficient of variation. Finally, we discussed the results with medical doctors, public health researchers, and health economists. Results suggested geographical variation mainly in the rate of hip surgeries performed 48 h after admission (from 18.53% to 83.64%). Overall, the results highlighted the need for a national benchmarking system to span this analysis to other activities and initiate a broader discussion with patients, clinicians, providers, and policymakers.
Recent progresses on graphene-based artificial nanostructures: a perspective from scanning tunneling microscopy
Authors: Liu Yi-Wen , He Lin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGraphene, a Dirac semimetal, exhibits the simplest lattice configuration and band structure in the world of two-dimensional materials. Due to its remarkable brevity and tunability, graphene becomes an ideal platform for studying the fundamental physics arising from the linear dispersion around the Dirac point, as well as for exploring symmetry-breaking orders in the flat band through playing with various artificial structures and external fields. In this review, we provide an overview of the nanoscale graphene model structures such as defects, quantum dots, strains, and superlattices in scanning tunneling microscopy measurements. Utilizing nanostructures in diverse dimensions, we present some behaviors of electrons near singularities of density of states from the perspective of scanning tunneling microscopy.
Oblique Propagation and Refraction of Gravity Waves Over the Andes Observed by GLORIA and ALIMA During the SouthTRAC Campaign
Authors: Krasauskas L. , Kaifler B. , Rhode S. , Ungermann J. , Woiwode W. , Preusse P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGravity waves (GW) carry energy and momentum from the troposphere to the middle atmosphere and have a strong influence on the circulation there. Global atmospheric models cannot fully resolve GWs, and therefore rely on highly simplified GW parametrizations that, among other limitations, account for vertical wave propagation only and neglect refraction. This is a major source of uncertainty in models, and leads to well‐known problems, such as the late break‐up of polar vortex due to the “missing” GW drag around 60°S. To investigate these phenomena, GW observations over Southern Andes were performed during SouthTRAC aircraft campaign. This paper presents measurements from a SouthTRAC flight on 21 September 2019, including 3‐D tomographic temperature data of the infrared limb imager GLORIA (8–15 km altitude) and temperature profiles of the ALIMA lidar (20–80 km altitude). GLORIA observations revealed multiple overlapping waves of different wavelengths. 3‐D wave vectors were determined from the GLORIA data and used to initialize a GW ray‐tracer. The ray‐traced GW parameters were compared with ALIMA observations, showing good agreement between the instruments and direct evidence of oblique (partly meridional) GW propagation. ALIMA data analysis confirmed that most waves at 25–40 km altitudes were indeed orographic GWs, including waves seemingly upstream of the Andes. We directly observed horizontal GW refraction, which has not been achieved before SouthTRAC. Refraction and oblique propagation caused significant meridional transport of horizontal momentum as well as horizontal momentum exchange between waves and the background flow all along the wave paths, not just in wave excitation and breaking regions.
Hand Magnets and the Destruction of Ancient Meteorite Magnetism
Authors: Vervelidou Foteini , Weiss Benjamin P. , Lagroix France 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMeteorites provide invaluable records of planetary formation and evolution. Studies of their paleomagnetism have constrained accretion in the protoplanetary disk, the thermal evolution and differentiation of planetesimals, and the history of planetary dynamos. Yet, the potential of these magnetic records in advancing the field of planetary science is severely hindered by a widely used technique: application of hand magnets to assist in meteorite classification. Touching a meteorite with a magnet results in near‐instantaneous destruction of its magnetic record. Here, we showcase the destructive effects of exposing meteorites to magnets through numerical modeling, a controlled remagnetization experiment on a terrestrial basalt, and a paleomagnetic study of the oldest known Martian meteorite, the Northwest Africa (NWA) 7034 pairing group. NWA 7034 is a polymict regolith breccia containing zircon crystals with crystallization ages older than 4.4 billion years. As such it contains materials that are sufficiently old to have formed during the time Mars is most likely to have had a core dynamo. Unfortunately, we found that all nine paired stones of NWA 7034 that we investigated were remagnetized by hand magnets, as has been observed for many other hot desert meteorites. We recommend that magnets not be applied to meteorites during collection and curation. Instead, a low‐field susceptibility meter is a far more sensitive and completely nondestructive tool for meteorite classification.
Effects of Forcing Uncertainties on the Thermospheric and Ionospheric States During Geomagnetic Storm and Quiet Periods
Authors: Hsu C.‐T. , Pedatella N. M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUpper‐atmospheric weather prediction is subject to various types of forcing uncertainties. Understanding the sensitivity of the thermosphere and ionosphere to forcing uncertainties under different geomagnetic conditions is critical for space weather predictions. Ensemble simulations of a whole atmospheric model, the National Center for Atmospheric Research Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere eXtension (WACCM‐X), with various kinds of forcing perturbation is used to evaluate the upper atmosphere's response to the uncertainties of different forcings. Two kinds of forcing uncertainties are addressed: the lower atmospheric wave and tide forcing uncertainties and high‐latitude electric potential uncertainty. These uncertainties are estimated in different ways and applied to generate forcing perturbations in the WACCM‐X. WACCM‐X can simulate the upper atmosphere's response to the uncertainties of the lower atmospheric wave and tide forcings related to different lower atmospheric conditions. High‐latitude electric potential uncertainty is estimated based on the SuperMag and SuperDARN data through the Assimilative Mapping of Geospace Observations, which is applied to generate the forcing perturbation of high‐latitude electric potential in the WACCM‐X. The results show that the impact of high‐latitude electric potential uncertainty is significant globally during the 2013 St. Patrick's Day storm. The lower atmospheric wave and tide forcing uncertainties result in a global impact on the upper atmosphere in the model. The sensitivity of the upper atmosphere to both uncertainties is approximately the combination of the two individually, though the combined effects are not a linear sum, indicating non‐linearities in the ionosphere and thermosphere response to forcing uncertainties.
Iron, glucose and fat metabolism and obesity: an intertwined relationship
Authors: Hilton Catriona , Sabaratnam Rugivan , Drakesmith Hal , Karpe Fredrik 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA bidirectional relationship exists between adipose tissue metabolism and iron regulation. Total body fat, fat distribution and exercise influence iron status and components of the iron-regulatory pathway, including hepcidin and erythroferrone. Conversely, whole body and tissue iron stores associate with fat mass and distribution and glucose and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue, liver, and muscle. Manipulation of the iron-regulatory proteins erythroferrone and erythropoietin affects glucose and lipid metabolism. Several lines of evidence suggest that iron accumulation and metabolism may play a role in the development of metabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this review we summarise the current understanding of the relationship between iron homoeostasis and metabolic disease.
Sex-specific Mendelian randomisation to assess the causality of sex differences in the effects of risk factors and treatment: spotlight on hypertension
Authors: de Ruiter Sophie C. , Schmidt A. Floriaan , Grobbee Diederick E. , den Ruijter Hester M. , Peters Sanne A. E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHypertension is a key modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Several observational studies have found a stronger association of blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk in women compared to men. Since observational studies can be affected by sex-specific residual confounding and reverse causation, it remains unclear whether these differences reflect actual differential effects. Other study designs are needed to uncover the causality of sex differences in the strength of risk factor and treatment effects. Mendelian randomisation (MR) uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to provide evidence about putative causal relations between risk factors and outcomes. By exploiting the random allocation of genes at gamete forming, MR is unaffected by confounding and results in more reliable causal effect estimates. In this review, we discuss why and how sex-specific MR and cis-MR could be used to study sex differences in risk factor and drug target effects. Sex-specific MR can be helpful to strengthen causal inferences in the field of sex differences, where it is often challenging to distinguish nature from nurture. The challenge of sex-specific (drug target) MR lays in leveraging robust genetic instruments from sex-specific GWAS studies which are not commonly available. Knowledge on sex-specific causal effects of hypertension, or other risk factors, could improve clinical practice and health policies by tailoring interventions based on personalised risk. Drug target MR can help to determine the anticipated on-target effects of a drug compound and to identify targets to pursue in drug development.
NICU sensory experiences associated with positive outcomes: an integrative review of evidence from 2015–2020
Authors: Pineda Roberta , Kellner Polly , Guth Rebecca , Gronemeyer Audrey , Smith Joan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo inform changes to the Supporting and Enhancing NICU Sensory Experiences (SENSE) program, studies investigating sensory-based interventions in the NICU with preterm infants born ≤32 weeks were identified. Studies published between October 2015 to December 2020, and with outcomes related to infant development or parent well-being, were included in this integrative review. The systematic search used databases including MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Fifty-seven articles (15 tactile, 9 auditory, 5 visual, 1 gustatory/olfactory, 5 kinesthetic, and 22 multimodal) were identified. The majority of the sensory interventions that were identified within the articles were reported in a previous integrative review (1995–2015) and already included in the SENSE program. New evidence has led to refinements of the SENSE program, notably the addition of position changes across postmenstrual age (PMA) and visual tracking starting at 34 weeks PMA.
Phase separation of DDX21 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis via MCM5-dependent EMT pathway
Authors: Gao Huabin , Wei Huiting , Yang Yang , Li Hui , Liang Jiangtao , Ye Jiecheng , Zhang Fenfen , Wang Liyuan , Shi Huijuan , Wang Jia , Han Anjia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRNA binding proteins (RBPs) contributes to cancer progression, but the underlying mechanism reminds unclear. Here, we find that DDX21, a representative RBP, is highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC), which leads to CRC cell migration and invasion in vitro, and CRC to liver metastasis and lung metastasis in vivo. This effect of DDX21 on CRC metastasis is correlated to the activation of Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway. Moreover, we reveal that DDX21 protein is phase separated in vitro and in CRC cells, which controls CRC metastasis. Phase-separated DDX21 highly binds on MCM5 gene locus, which is markedly reduced when phase separation is disrupted by mutations on its intrinsically disordered region (IDR). The impaired metastatic ability of CRC upon DDX21 loss is restored by ectopic expression of MCM5, indicating MCM5 is a key downstream target of DDX21 for CRC metastasis. Furthermore, co-higher expressions of DDX21 and MCM5 is significantly correlated with poor survival outcomes of stage III and IV CRC patients, indicating the importance of this mechanism in CRC late and metastatic stage. Altogether, our results elucidate a new model of DDX21 in regulating CRC metastasis via phase separation.
Regulation of c-SMAC formation and AKT-mTOR signaling by the TSG101-IFT20 axis in CD4+ T cells
Authors: Jeong Jiung , Kang In , Kim Yumin , Ku Keun Bon , Park Jang Hyun , Kim Hyun-Jin , Kim Chae Won , La Jeongwoo , Jung Hi Eun , Kim Hyeon Cheol , Choi Young Joon , Kim Jaeho , Kim Joon , Lee Heung Kyu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCD4+ T cells play major roles in the adaptive immune system, which requires antigen recognition, costimulation, and cytokines for its elaborate orchestration. Recent studies have provided new insight into the importance of the supramolecular activation cluster (SMAC), which comprises concentric circles and is involved in the amplification of CD4+ T cell activation. However, the underlying mechanism of SMAC formation remains poorly understood. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of CD4+ T cells left unstimulated and stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies to identify novel proteins involved in their regulation. We found that intraflagellar transport 20 (IFT20), previously known as cilia-forming protein, was upregulated in antibody-stimulated CD4+ T cells compared to unstimulated CD4+ T cells. We also found that IFT20 interacted with tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101), a protein that endocytoses ubiquitinated T-cell receptors. The interaction between IFT20 and TSG101 promoted SMAC formation, which led to amplification of AKT-mTOR signaling. However, IFT20-deficient CD4+ T cells showed SMAC malformation, resulting in reduced CD4+ T cell proliferation, aerobic glycolysis, and cellular respiration. Finally, mice with T-cell-specific IFT20 deficiency exhibited reduced allergen-induced airway inflammation. Thus, our data suggest that the IFT20-TSG101 axis regulates AKT-mTOR signaling via SMAC formation.