bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Valent Mercury Fluoride Ions
Authors: Jayasekharan Thankan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMercury fluoride ions formed during the laser ablation of HgF2(s) show the formation of six different cluster ion series viz., HgFn±, HgnFn–2±, HgnFn–1±, (HgF)n±, HgnFn+1±, and HgnFn+2±. Among the different ion series, the observation of high valent HgFn±(n±=3,4; n−=6–8) indicates the existence of corresponding molecules which signify the remarkable participation of 5d Hg electrons in the chemical bonding with F atoms and thus make Hg a truly transition metal. Further, molecular orbital calculations show a large HOMO‐LUMO energy gap (≥3 eV) and high electron affinity (≥5 eV) that indicates highly stable HgFn=3,4,6,8 with super halogen properties.
Preparation of Primary Mixed Glial Cell Cultures from Adult Mouse Spinal Cord Tissue
Authors: Cao Ling , Bean Elizabeth N. , Malon Jennifer T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCentral nervous system glial cells are known to mediate many neurocognitive/neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Similar glial responses have been recognized as critical factors contributing to the development of diseases in the peripheral nervous system, including various types of peripheral neuropathies, such as peripheral nerve injury‐induced neuropathic pain, diabetic neuropathy, and HIV‐associated sensory neuropathy. Investigation of the central mechanisms of these peripherally‐manifested diseases often requires the examination of spinal cord glial cells at cellular/molecular levels in vitro. When using rodent models to study these diseases, many investigators have chosen to use neonatal cerebral cortices to prepare glial cultures or immortalized cell lines in order to obtain sufficient numbers of cells for assessment. However, differences in responses between cell lines versus primary cultures, neonatal vs. adult cells, and brain vs. spinal cord cells may result in misleading data. Here, we describe a protocol for preparing mixed glial cells from adult mouse spinal cord that can be used for direct in vitro evaluations or further preparation of microglia‐enriched and microglia‐depleted cells. In this protocol, spinal cord tissue is enzymatically dissociated and adult mixed glial cells are ready to be used between 12 and 14 days after the establishment of the culture. This protocol may be further refined to prepare spinal cord glial cells from spinal cord tissues of adult rats and potentially other species. Mixed glial cultures can be prepared from animals of different strains or post‐in vivo manipulations and therefore are suitable for studying a variety of diseases/disorders that involve spinal cord pathological changes, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis, as well as toxin‐induced changes. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Preparation of primary mixed glial cell cultures from adult mouse spinal cord tissue
Accuracy of tooth‐implant impressions: Comparison of five different techniques
Authors: Fathi Amirhossein , Rismanchian Mansour , Yazdekhasti Atousa , Salamati Masih 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeTo compare the accuracy of five different tooth‐implant impression techniques.Materials and MethodsIn this in vitro, experimental study, an acrylic model containing one bone‐level Straumann dental implant at the site of maxillary first molar and an adjacent second premolar prepared for a porcelain fused to metal restoration was used. Impressions were made from the model using five different one‐step tooth‐implant impression techniques including scanning with an intraoral scanner, occlusal matrix, wax relief, closed‐tray, and open‐tray techniques. Each technique was repeated 15 times. The impressions were poured with dental stone, and the obtained casts were scanned by a laboratory scanner. The scan file of each technique was compared with the scan file of the original acrylic model by Geomagic Design X software. Data were analyzed by one‐way analysis of variance, and Tamhane's post‐hoc test (α = 0.05).ResultsFor dental implant, intraoral scanning had the highest accuracy (0.1004 mm2) followed by open‐tray (0.1914 mm2), occlusal matrix (0.2101 mm2), closed‐tray (0.2422 mm2), and wax relief (0.2585 mm2) techniques (p < 0.05). For the prepared tooth, wax relief (0.0988 mm2) had the highest accuracy followed by occlusal matrix (0.1211 mm2), open‐tray (0.1663 mm2), closed‐tray (0.1737 mm2), and intraoral scanning (0.4903 mm2) technique (p < 0.05). For both dental implant and prepared tooth, occlusal matrix (0.2431 mm2) had the highest accuracy followed by open‐tray (0.2574 mm2), wax relief (0.2693 mm2), closed‐tray (0.2862 mm2), and intraoral scanning (0.3192 mm2) technique (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe compared simultaneous tooth‐implant impression techniques had comparable accuracy with no significant difference.
One‐step fabrication of moon‐shaped microrobots through in situ solidification of magnetic Janus droplets in microchannels
Authors: Huang Yi , Yin Shuai , Li Haiwang , Liu Sihang , Wong Teck Neng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSpecial‐shaped microscale structures have shed light on new possibilities in key fields of chemistry, medicine, and energy. Asymmetrical microrobots with sensitive magnetic responses can be useful tools in controlled chemical reactions, drug delivery, and functional material synthesis. Microfluidic‐based emulsion generation technology is adopted as a powerful platform for the fabrication of steerable microrobots with refined control. Specifically, Janus droplets are generated in microfluidic chips featuring a flow‐focusing configuration. Asymmetrical morphologies of the Janus droplets are achieved by balancing the interfacial tensions, where the portion containing magnetic nanoparticles is solidified through the UV‐initiated polymerization process right after the formation while the Janus structure is left intact. We succeed in controlling the morphology of the Janus droplet along with the moon‐shaped robots hydrodynamically and applying them in flow control at the microscale under external magnetic fields, which are characterized and quantified by three‐dimensional profile measurement and high‐speed microparticle velocimetry measurement. Our proposed on‐chip fabrication method using a microfluidic platform not only provides a method for fabricating magnetic robots but also enables tuning the complex morphologies and functionalities at the microscale, which could shed light on new possibilities in key fields of controlled chemistry reaction, medicine synthesis, and energy generation.
The blunted loop diuretic response in acute heart failure is driven by reduced tubular responsiveness rather than insufficient tubular delivery. The role of furosemide urine excretion on diuretic and natriuretic response in acute heart failure
Authors: Biegus Jan , Zymliński Robert , Testani Jeffrey , Fudim Marat , Cox Zachary L. , Guzik Mateusz , Iwanek Gracjan , Hurkacz Magdalena , Raj Danuta , Marciniak Dominik , Ponikowska Barbara , Ponikowski Piotr 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsDiuretic response in heart failure is blunted when compared to healthy individuals, but the pathophysiology underlying this phenomenon is unclear. We aimed to investigate whether the diuretic resistance mechanism is related to insufficient furosemide tubular delivery or low tubular responsiveness.Methods and resultsWe conducted a prospective, observational study of 50 patients with acute heart failure patients divided into two groups based on previous furosemide use (furosemide naïve: n = 28 [56%] and chronic furosemide users: n = 22 [44%]). Each patient received a protocol‐derived, standardized furosemide dose based on body weight. We measured diuretic response and urine furosemide concentrations. The furosemide naïve group had significantly higher urine volumes and natriuresis when compared to chronic users at all timepoints (all p < 0.05). Urine furosemide delivery was similar in furosemide naïve versus chronic users after accounting for differences in estimated glomerular filtration rate (28.02 [21.03–35.89] vs. 29.70 [18.19–34.71] mg, p = 0.87). However, the tubular response to delivered diuretic was dramatically higher in naïve versus chronic users, that is the urine volume per 1 μg/ml of urine furosemide at 2 h was 148.6 ± 136.1 versus 50.6 ± 56.1 ml (p = 0.005).ConclusionsPatients naïve to furosemide have significantly better diuresis and natriuresis when compared to chronic furosemide users. The blunted diuretic response in patients with chronic loop diuretic exposure is driven by decreased tubular responsiveness rather than insufficient furosemide tubular delivery.
Adsorption of nickel(II) ions from aqueous solutions using Malatya clay: Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Onursal Nilgün , Altunkaynak Yalçın , Baran Ayşe , Dal Mehmet Can 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper evaluates Malatya clay (MC) for the removal of Ni(II) ions from aqueous solutions. For adsorption efficiency, the impacts of several factors, such as pH, starting metal ion concentration, and contact duration, were examined. The optimal initial Ni(II) ion concentration was determined to be 5 mg/L, the adsorption contact duration was 360 min, and the solution's pH was 6.27. Using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the surface characteristics of Malatya clay were examined. The isotherm data fit the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating chemical adsorption and likely irreversibility of the process, according to the results. At 298, 308, and 318 K, the adsorption capacities of Ni(II) were determined to be 10.267, 11.834, and 12.285 mg/g, respectively. Adsorption kinetic data revealed that the adsorption of Ni(II) metal ions followed the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. According to thermodynamic studies, Ni(II) ion adsorption on the MC is spontaneous and endothermic. MC has proven to be an effective and alternative material for the removal of Ni(II) ions from aqueous media due to its excellent removal ability, availability, and low cost, as well as its features such as being able to be used without any chemical treatment and being environmentally friendly.
Petrogenesis of mafic‐intermediate dykes from the Central Qilian belt, NW China: Significance of the role of subducted compositions in sub‐arc mantle
Authors: Ma De‐qing , Wang Chao , Li Hang , Zhu Xiao‐hui , Hao Jiang‐bo , Yu Zun‐pu , Sun Xiao‐kui , Zhang Shuai , Li Xue 
Published: April 2023

Subduction system in the Qilian orogenic belt experienced the variability of an active continental arc in space and time related to the subduction of the Proto‐Tethys Ocean. Zircon U–Pb geochronology and whole‐rock chemical and Sr–Nd isotopic data of mafic to intermediate dykes in the western part of the Central Qilian belt (WCQB) are used to track magma provenance from compositionally variable reservoirs in the sub‐arc mantle and constrain the magmatic evolution of the rear‐arc at 450–445 Ma. Petrological, whole‐rock chemical and zircon U–Pb dating results reveal that the studied dykes mainly comprise calc‐alkaline lamprophyre (CAL), high Mg# andesitic porphyrite (HMA) and high FeO hornblende gabbro (HFG) with crystallization ages of 447, 453 and 448 Ma, respectively. Among them, CAL and HMA have affinities in high‐K calc‐alkaline suites, high REE contents (∑REE = 131.1–202.3 ppm) with high LaN/YbN values (6.77–17.99), enriched in large‐ion lithophile elements (LILE, e.g., Rb and U), and depleted in high‐field‐strength elements (HFSE, e.g., Nb, Ta, and Ti). They also have high Th/La (0.20–0.46), Th/Nb (0.67–1.64) and Th/Yb (3.88–14.11) ratios, and relatively high whole‐rock initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.707469–0.708493) and εNd(t) values (−4.7 to −3.1). Whereas, HFG is affinities in medium to high‐K calc‐alkaline suites, and has moderate rare earth elements (∑REE = 70.1–112.5 ppm) with flat REE patterns (LaN/YbN = 2.12–3.05) and exhibits enriched LILE, and Sr–Nd isotopes ((87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.713496–0.729216, εNd(t) = −2.93 to +2.04). Such typical “continental” geochemical features of the different K‐rich dykes do not result from crustal assimilation but reflect an enriched mantle source resulting from their mantle heterogeneity due to recycling of different subducted sediments. The temporal evolution of the geochemical characteristics of mafic‐intermediate dykes is consistent with an extension setting triggered by removing the thickened arc crust root in the WCQB.
Dynamic effective connectivity among large‐scale brain networks mediates risk of anxiety
Authors: Tian Tian , Liu Dong , Zhang Guiling , Wang Jian , Wan Changhua , Fang Jicheng , Wu Di , Zhou Yiran , Qin Yuanyuan , Zhu Hongquan , Li Yuanhao , Liu Chengxia , Zhang Jiaxuan , Li Jia , Zhu Wenzhen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAnxiety is characterized by altered brain networks. Directional information flows among dynamic brain networks concerning neuropathogenesis of anxiety have not yet been investigated. The role of directional influences between networks in gene–environment effects on anxiety remains to be further elucidated. In a large community sample, this resting‐state functional MRI study estimated dynamic effective connectivity among large‐scale brain networks based on a sliding‐window approach and Granger causality analysis, providing dynamic and directional information for signal transmission in networks. We first explored altered effective connectivity among networks related to anxiety in distinct connectivity states. Due to the potential gene–environment effects on brain and anxiety, we further performed mediation and moderated mediation analyses to investigate the role of altered effective connectivity networks in relationships between polygenic risk scores, childhood trauma, and anxiety. State and trait anxiety scores showed correlations with altered effective connectivity among extensive networks in distinct connectivity states (p < .05, uncorrected). Only in a more frequent and strongly connected state, there were significant correlations between altered effective connectivity networks and trait anxiety (PFDR <0.05). Furthermore, mediation and moderated mediation analyses showed that the effective connectivity networks played a mediating role in the effects of childhood trauma and polygenic risk on trait anxiety. State‐dependent effective connectivity changes among brain networks were significantly related to trait anxiety, and mediated gene–environment effects on trait anxiety. Our work sheds novel light on the neurobiological mechanisms underlying anxiety, and provides new insights into early objective diagnosis and intervention evaluation.
Using multi‐task experiments to test principles of hippocampal function
Authors: Han Claire Z. , Donoghue Thomas , Cao Runnan , Kunz Lukas , Wang Shuo , Jacobs Joshua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInvestigations of hippocampal functions have revealed a dizzying array of findings, from lesion‐based behavioral deficits, to a diverse range of characterized neural activations, to computational models of putative functionality. Across these findings, there remains an ongoing debate about the core function of the hippocampus and the generality of its representation. Researchers have debated whether the hippocampus's primary role relates to the representation of space, the neural basis of (episodic) memory, or some more general computation that generalizes across various cognitive domains. Within these different perspectives, there is much debate about the nature of feature encodings. Here, we suggest that in order to evaluate hippocampal responses—investigating, for example, whether neuronal representations are narrowly targeted to particular tasks or if they subserve domain‐general purposes—a promising research strategy may be the use of multi‐task experiments, or more generally switching between multiple task contexts while recording from the same neurons in a given session. We argue that this strategy—when combined with explicitly defined theoretical motivations that guide experiment design—could be a fruitful approach to better understand how hippocampal representations support different behaviors. In doing so, we briefly review key open questions in the field, as exemplified by articles in this special issue, as well as previous work using multi‐task experiments, and extrapolate to consider how this strategy could be further applied to probe fundamental questions about hippocampal function.
Bottom‐Up Synthesis, Dispersion and Properties of Rectangular‐Shaped Graphene Quantum Dots
Authors: Lavie Julien , Vu Van Binh , Medina‐Lopez Daniel , Dappe Yannick , Liu Thomas , Rondin Loïc , Lauret Jean‐Sébastien , Latil Sylvain , Campidelli Stéphane 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCarbon nanomaterials have attracted the attention of the scientific community for more than 30 years now; first with fullerene, then with nanotubes and now with graphene and graphene related materials. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are nanoparticles of graphene that can be synthesized following two approaches, namely top‐down and bottom‐up methods. The top‐down synthesis used harsh chemical and/or physical treatments of macroscopic graphitic materials to obtain nanoparticles, while the second is based on organic chemistry through the synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exhibiting various sizes and shapes that are perfectly controlled. The main drawback of this approach is related to the low solubility of carbon materials that prevents the synthesis of nanoparticles containing more than few hundreds of sp2 carbon atoms. Here we report on the synthesis of a family of rectangular‐shaped graphene quantum dots containing up to 162 sp2 carbon atoms. These graphene quantum dots are not functionalized on their periphery in order to keep the maximum similarity with nanoparticles of pure graphene. We chose water with sodium deoxycholate surfactant to study their dispersion and their optical properties (absorption, photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation). The electronic structure of the particles and of their aggregates are studied using Tight‐Binding (TB). We observe that the larger particles (GQD 3 and GQD 4) present a slightly better dispensability than the smaller ones, probably because the larger GQDs can accommodate more surfactant molecules on each side, which helps to stabilize their dispersion in water.
Epidemiology and incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma in the Iraqi population over 5 years (2014–2018)
Authors: Alshami Muhanad L. , Al‐Maliky Mohammed Abbood , Alsagban Ali Arkan , Alshaeli Ali J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundOral squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common and life‐threatening neoplasms worldwide, and is responsible for approximately 90% of all oral malignancies.AimThis study was aimed at providing updated information on oral squamous cell carcinoma in all Iraqi governorates for the 5‐year period from 2014 to 2018, including the annual incidence and demographic variables.Materials and MethodsThe total number of oral squamous cell carcinoma cases in Iraq, along with associated demographic information (age, sex, and site), for the 5‐year period from 2014 to 2018 was obtained. The statistical analysis consisted of descriptive analysis, including frequency, percentage, and mean ± standard deviation. Aχ2test was performed to compare frequencies between male and female patients, among age groups, and among different OSCC sites. Theχ2test was also used to assess the association of each OSCC site with age and sex. The significance threshold was set atp < 0.05, and the confidence interval was set at 95%. The incidence rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma for each year was calculated by dividing the number of OSCC cases per year by the population of Iraq, then multiplying the result by 100,000.ResultsA total of 722 cases were recorded. Statistically, oral squamous cell carcinoma was found to be more prevalent in males and individuals over 40 years of age. The tongue was the most common site of occurrence. Lip squamous cell carcinoma cases were high in males. The incidence rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma was estimated to be 0.4 per 100,000 people.ConclusionMales and older people are at relatively higher risk of developing oral cancer. The tongue is the most affected site, but any site in the oral cavity may be involved. Further exploration of the causes of oral malignancy in Iraq is necessary to improve prevention strategies.
Applications of yoga in oral oncology: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Kanmodi Kehinde K. , Braimah Ramat O. , Amzat Jimoh , Salami Afeez A. , Nnyanzi Lawrence A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsYoga is well‐thought‐out as an all‐inclusive approach globally and can be administered in clinical care as an integrative or alternate approach to regular treatment. Yoga exercise has been disclosed to influence remission from cancer cells over a long period of time and also reverses epigenetic alterations. Applications of Yoga in the management of oral oncology patients are scarce, hence the need for a scoping review of the literature. Hence, this study aimed to conduct a scoping review of the existing empirical evidence on the applications of yoga in oral oncology.MethodsThe review methodology was informed by Joanna Brigg's Institute guidelines for systematic scoping reviews, and the review was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Ten databases were searched. The records of all the literature retrieved from the search were imported into the Rayyan software for deduplication. After the full‐text screening, only two were found eligible for inclusion in the scoping review. Data obtained in the included literature were extracted and synthesized.ResultsThis review found that Yoga was not significantly effective in the management of stress among oral cancer patients (p‐values > 0.04). However, it was found that Yoga significantly reduced anxiety, saliva stickiness, and episodes of falling ill (p‐values < 0.05) while it improved mental well‐being, cognitive functioning, emotional functioning, and head and neck pain of those oral cancer patients that received it (p‐values < 0.05).ConclusionAn integrative care approach that considers nonpharmaceutical techniques such as yoga could help to reduce care cost while improving care outcomes and quality of life of oral cancer patients. Hence, it is imperative to consider yoga along with its potential benefits, and we recommend gradual incorporation of yoga into oral cancer care.
Passive heating process enhancement of a new structure room using porous‐covering heat‐emitting channels
Authors: Boussenah Hani , Bourouis Abderrahim , Omara Abdeslam , Kezzar Mohamed 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis manuscript presents a numerical study of a passive heating process of a new structure room using porous‐covering heat‐emitting channels as small discrete radiators. The governing equations are discretized using the finite volume method and the SIMPLER algorithm is employed to handle the pressure–velocity coupling. The effect of porous‐cover to air thermal conductivity ratio (Kr), Darcy number (Da), Rayleigh number (Ra), thickness of the porous‐cover (Ep), and Biot number (Bi) on the heating process of the room is examined. The principal results of this investigation indicate that in the case with Kr > 1, numerical simulations have enabled us to find an optimal value of Ep (Epcr = 0.125) for which the average room temperature reaches a maximum value. In addition, an enhancement in the heating process in the room can reach 77.77% by increasing Ep, Ra, Da, and Kr. Also, a maximum increase in the average room temperature up to 97.77% is achieved at better thermal insulation (Bi = 10).