bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of cataract surgery outcomes in English proficient and limited English proficiency patients
Authors: Gill Zafar S. , Caldwell Anne Strong , Patnaik Jennifer L. , Marin A. Itzam , Mudie Lucy I. , Grove Nathan , Ifantides Cristos , Ertel Monica K. , Puente Michael A. , Seibold Leonard K. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
To determine differences in cataract surgery outcomes between English proficient (EP) and limited English proficiency (LEP) patients.

Setting:
Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, Aurora, Colorado.

Design:
Retrospective.

Methods:
Patients who underwent phacoemulsification at the Sue Anschutz-Rogers Eye Center between January 2014 and February 2020 were included. Patients who self-identified as needing or preferring an interpreter in medical encounters were defined as LEP. Differences in surgical characteristics and outcomes including cataract maturity, surgical complexity, and surgical complications were analyzed.

Results:
868 eyes (6.4%) were identified from LEP patients. LEP patients were more likely to have mature cataracts (5.1% vs 2.3%, P < .0001). LEP patients' surgeries were more likely to be considered complex (27.8% vs 15.3%, P < .0001) and use higher cumulative dissipated energy (mean of 9.5 [SD = 9.5] vs 7.2 [SD = 7.1], P < .0001). Preoperative visual acuity was worse in LEP patients (logMAR 0.566 [SD = 0.64] vs 0.366 [SD = 0.51], P < .0001) but showed greater improvement after surgery (logMAR 0.366 [SD = 0.54] vs 0.254 [SD = 0.41], P < .0001). There were no significant differences in operative time, intraoperative or postoperative complications. More LEP patients were on steroids 4 weeks postoperatively when compared with EP patients (14.6% vs 10.1%, P < .0002). LEP patients were less likely to undergo subsequent YAG capsulotomy (7.3% vs 12.8%, P < .0001).

Conclusions:
Disparities in cataract outcomes between EP and LEP patients was demonstrated. Further research into ophthalmic health disparities for LEP patients is needed to understand the root causes and how they can be addressed.
Repeatability and agreement between a reference Scheimpflug tomographer and a low‐cost Scheimpflug system
Authors: Xu Wenjun , Zhai Changbin , Yusufu Mayinuer , Gan Jiahe , Li Shiming , Zheng Yan , Kang Mengtian 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
To assess the repeatability and agreement between Scheimpflug-based corneal topographers, Scansys and Pentacam, in measuring ocular parameters in myopic eyes.

Setting:
Grade-A tertiary hospital in Beijing, China.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Methods:
The following measurements were performed in 204 subjects undergoing preoperative examinations for refractive surgery from the corneal curvature, astigmatism, corneal thickness, corneal volume, corneal asphericity, anterior chamber depth (ACD) and volume (ACV), and pupil diameters. Repeatability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficient with 95% CI, Cronbach α, coefficient of variation, within-subject SD, test–retest repeatability, and 1-way analysis of variance (1-way analysis of variance). The interdevice agreement was determined using paired t test and Bland-Altman plots.

Results:
Scansys showed good repeatability in the anterior and posterior corneal flattest meridian (Kf), steepest meridian (Ks), and mean (Km); axis of anterior corneal Ks; anterior corneal astigmatism; pupil central corneal thickness (CCT); CCT; corneal apex thickness; thinnest corneal thickness; corneal volume; photopic pupil diameter; ACD; and ACV. In the agreement study, Bland-Altman plots showed that 95% limit of agreement of corneal curvature, pupil CCT, corneal apex thickness, thinnest corneal thickness, and corneal volume generated by Scansys and Pentacam were narrow. There were no statistically significant differences in the anterior corneal Kf and Km.

Conclusions:
Scansys showed good repeatability in measuring corneal curvature of anterior and posterior surfaces, anterior corneal astigmatism, corneal thickness, corneal volume, photopic pupil diameter, ACV, and ACD. Scansys and Pentacam can only be used interchangeably in measuring anterior corneal curvature.
Increased risk of false-positive HIV ELISA results after COVID-19
Authors: Alfie Laura G. , Longueira Yesica S. , Pippo Mónica , Cruces Leonel , Quiroga María F. , Turk Gabriela , Laufer Natalia 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
From the first-generation options available in 1985, tests to detect HIV-1 specific antibodies have increased its sensitivity and specificity. HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 surface glycoproteins present a certain degree of homology and shared epitope motifs, which results of relevance as both pandemics coexist. Here, we aimed to evaluate the rate of false-positive HIV serology results among individuals with COVID-19 diagnosis and in vaccinated individuals.

Design:
A retrospective analysis of the samples stored at the Infectious Disease Biobank in Argentina from donors with previous COVID-19 diagnosis or anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Methods:
Plasma samples were analyzed using Genscreen Ultra HIV Ag-Ab. In those with a positive result, the following assays were also performed: ELISA lateral flow Determine Early Detect; RecomLine HIV-1 & HIV-2 IgG and Abbott m2000 RealTime PCR for HIV-1 viral load quantification. In all samples, the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was evaluated by ELISA using the COVIDAR kit. Statistical analysis was done using Pearson's and Fisher's exact chi-squared test; Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests.

Results:
Globally, the false-positive HIV ELISA rate was 1.3% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.66–2.22; χ
2 = 4.68, P = 0.03, when compared with the expected 0.4% false-positive rate]. It increased to 1.4% (95% CI 0.70–2.24, χ
2 = 5.16, P = 0.02) when only samples from individuals with previous COVID-19 diagnosis, and to 1.8% (95% CI 0.91–3.06, χ
2 = 7.99, P = 0.005) when only individuals with detectable IgG SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were considered.

Conclusion:
This higher occurrence of HIV false-positive results among individuals with detectable antibodies against Spike SARS-CoV-2 protein should be dispersed among virology testing settings, health providers, and authorities.
Viral suppression among adults with HIV receiving routine dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy and 3 months weekly isoniazid-rifapentine
Authors: Chaisson Lelia H. , Semitala Fred C. , Nangobi Florence , Steinmetz Samantha , Marquez Carina , Armstrong Derek T. , Opira Bishop , Kamya Moses R. , Phillips Patrick P.J. , Dowdy David W. , Yoon Christina 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
We aimed to evaluate safety of 3 months weekly isoniazid-rifapentine (3HP) for tuberculosis (TB) prevention when co-administered with dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (TLD), and compare viral suppression among those initiating TLD + 3HP vs. TLD alone.

Design/Methods:
We analyzed data from an ongoing Phase 3 randomized trial comparing TB screening strategies among adults with CD4+ ≤350 cells/μl initiating routine antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Kampala, Uganda. TB screen-negative participants without contraindications are referred for self-administered 3HP. HIV viral load is routinely measured at 6 and 12 months. Here, we included TB-negative participants who initiated TLD with or without 3HP. We determined the number who discontinued 3HP due to drug toxicity. In addition, we assessed viral suppression at 6 and 12 months and used log-binomial regression to assess risk of viremia at 6 months for participants who initiated TLD + 3HP vs. TLD alone.

Results:
Of 453 participants initiating TLD (287 [63.4%] female, median age 30 years [interquartile range (IQR) 25–37], median pre-ART CD4+ cell count 188 cells/μl [IQR 86–271]), 163 (36.0%) initiated 3HP. Of these, 154 (94.5%) completed 3HP and one (0.6%) had treatment permanently discontinued due to a possible 3HP-related adverse event. At 6 months, for participants who received TLD + 3HP, risk of viremia >50 copies/ml was 1.51 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–2.14] times that of participants who received TLD alone. There was no difference in viral suppression between those who received TLD + 3HP vs. TLD alone at 12 months.

Conclusions:
Co-administration of TLD + 3HP was well tolerated. However, those who received TLD + 3HP were less likely to achieve viral suppression within six-months compared to those who received TLD alone.
Pseudo-bistability of viscoelastic shells
Authors: Chen Yuzhen , Liu Tianzhen , Jin Lihua 
Published: February 2023

Viscoelastic shells subjected to a pressure loading exhibit rich and complex time-dependent responses. Here we focus on the phenomenon of pseudo-bistability, i.e. a viscoelastic shell can stay inverted when pressure is removed, and snap to its natural shape after a delay time. We model and explain the mechanism of pseudo-bistability with a viscoelastic shell model. It combines the small strain, moderate rotation shell theory with the standard linear solid as the viscoelastic constitutive law, and is applicable to shells with arbitrary axisymmetric shapes. As a case study, we investigate the pseudo-bistable behaviour of viscoelastic ellipsoidal shells. Using the proposed model, we successfully predict buckling of a viscoelastic ellipsoidal shell into its inverted configuration when subjected to an instantaneous pressure, creeping when the pressure is held, staying inverted after the pressure is removed, and eventually snapping back after a delay time. The stability transition of the shell from a monostable, temporarily bistable and eventually back to the monostable state is captured by examining the evolution of the instantaneous pressure–volume change relation at different time of the holding and releasing process. A systematic parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of geometry, viscoelastic properties and loading history on the pseudo-bistable behaviour.
This article is part of the theme issue 'Probing and dynamics of shock sensitive shells'.
Snap buckling of bistable beams under combined mechanical and magnetic loading
Authors: Abbasi Arefeh , Sano Tomohiko G. , Yan Dong , Reis Pedro M. 
Published: February 2023

We investigate the mechanics of bistable, hard-magnetic, elastic beams, combining experiments, finite-element modelling (FEM) and a reduced-order theory. The beam is made of a hard magneto-rheological elastomer, comprising two segments with antiparallel magnetization along the centreline, and is set into a bistable curved configuration by imposing an end-to-end shortening. Reversible snapping is possible between these two stable states. First, we experimentally characterize the critical field strength for the onset of snapping, at different levels of end-to-end shortening. Second, we perform three-dimensional FEM simulations using the Riks method to analyse high-order deformation modes during snapping. Third, we develop a reduced-order centreline-based beam theory to rationalize the observed magneto-elastic response. The theory and simulations are validated against experiments, with an excellent quantitative agreement. Finally, we consider the case of combined magnetic loading and poking force, examining how the applied field affects the bistability and quantifying the maximum load-bearing capacity. Our work provides a set of predictive tools for the rational design of one-dimensional, bistable, magneto-elastic structural elements.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Probing and dynamics of shock sensitive shells’.
Human primary plaque cell cultures to study mechanisms of atherosclerosis
Authors: Buono Michele F. , Benavente Ernest Diez , Slenders Lotte , Methorst Daisey , Tessels Daniёlle , Mili Eloi , Finger Roxy , Kapteijn Daniek , Daniels Mark , van den Dungen Noortje A. M. , Calis Jorg J. A. , Mol Barend M. , de Borst Gert J. , de Kleijn Dominique P. V. , Pasterkamp Gerard , den Ruijter Hester M. , Mokry Michal 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPlaque smooth muscle cells are critical players in the initiation and advancement of atherosclerotic disease. They produce extracellular matrix (ECM) components, which play a role in lesion progression and stabilization. Despite clear phenotypic differences between plaque smooth muscle cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), VSMCs are still widely used as a model system in atherosclerotic research.Here we present a conditioned outgrowth method to isolate plaque smooth muscle cells. We obtained plaque cells from 27 donors (24 carotid and 3 femoral endarterectomies). We show that these cells keep their proliferative capacity for eight passages, are transcriptionally stable, retain donor-specific gene expression programs, and express extracellular matrix proteins (FN1, COL1A1, DCN) and smooth muscle cell markers (ACTA2, MYH11, CNN1).Single-cell transcriptomics of plaque tissue and cultured cells reveals that cultured plaque cells closely resemble the myofibroblast fraction of plaque smooth muscle cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) shows the presence of histone H3 lysine 4 dimethylation (H3K4me2) at theMYH11promoter, pointing to their smooth muscle cell origin. Finally, we demonstrated that plaque cells can be efficiently transduced (>97%) and are capable to take up oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and undergo calcification.In conclusion, we present a method to isolate and culture primary human plaque cells that retain plaque myofibroblast-like cells’ phenotypical and functional capabilities - making them a suitablein vitromodel for studying selected mechanisms of atherosclerosis.
Parallel Neurodegenerative Phenotypes in Sporadic Parkinson’s Disease Fibroblasts and Midbrain Dopamine Neurons
Authors: Corenblum MJ , McRobbie-Johnson A , Carruth E , Bernard K , Luo M , Mandarino LJ , Peterson S , Billheimer D , Maley T , Eggers ED , Madhavan L 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the mechanisms causing Parkinson’s disease (PD) is vital to the development of much needed early diagnostics and therapeutics for this debilitating condition. Here, we report cellular and molecular alterations in skin fibroblasts of late-onset sporadic PD subjects, that were recapitulated in matched induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons, reprogrammed from the same fibroblasts. Specific changes in growth, morphology, reactive oxygen species levels, mitochondrial function, and autophagy, were seen in both the PD fibroblasts and DA neurons, as compared to their respective controls. Additionally, significant alterations in alpha synuclein expression and electrical activity were also noted in the PD DA neurons. Interestingly, although the fibroblast and neuronal phenotypes were similar to each other, they also differed in their nature and scale. Furthermore, statistical analysis revealed novel associations between various clinical measures of the PD subjects and the different fibroblast and neuronal data. In essence, these findings encapsulate spontaneous, in-tandem, disease-related phenotypes in both sporadic PD fibroblasts and iPSC-based DA neurons, from the same patient, and generates an innovative model to investigate PD mechanisms with a view towards rational disease stratification and precision treatments.
Encoding of continuous perceptual choices in human early visual cortex
Authors: Barbieri Riccardo , Töpfer Felix M. , Soch Joram , Bogler Carsten , Sprekeler Henning , Haynes John-Dylan 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTResearch on the neural mechanisms of perceptual decision-making has typically focused on simple categorical choices, say between two alternative motion directions. Studies on such discrete alternatives have often suggested that choices are encoded either in a motor-based or in an abstract, categorical format in regions beyond sensory cortex. However, many sensory features are graded rather than discrete, raising the question how choices are encoded when they span the full sensory continuum. Here we assessed this using motion stimuli that could vary anywhere between 0° and 360°. We employed a combination of neuroimaging and encoding models based on Gaussian Process Regression to assess how either stimuli or choices were encoded in brain responses. We found that single-voxel tuning patterns could be used to reconstruct the trial-by-trial physical direction of motion as well as the participants’ continuous choices. Importantly, these continuous choice signals were primarily observed in early visual areas. The tuning properties in this region generalized between choice encoding and stimulus encoding, even for reports that reflected pure guessing. We found only little information related to the decision outcome in regions beyond visual cortex, such as parietal cortex, possibly because our task did not involve differential motor preparation. This could suggest that decisions for continuous stimuli take can place already in sensory brain regions, potentially using similar mechanisms to the sensory recruitment in visual working memory.
LINE1-mediated reverse transcription and genomic integration of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA detected in virus-infected but not in viral mRNA-transfected cells
Authors: Zhang Liguo , Bisht Punam , Flamier Anthony , Barrasa M. Inmaculada , Richards Alexsia , Hughes Stephen H. , Jaenisch Rudolf 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTSARS-CoV-2 sequences can be reverse-transcribed and integrated into the genomes of virus-infected cells by a LINE1-mediated retrotransposition mechanism. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) methods detected retrotransposed SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic sequences in virus-infected cells overexpressing LINE1, while an enrichment method (TagMap) identified retrotranspositions in cells that did not overexpress LINE1. LINE1 overexpression increased retrotranspositions about 1,000-fold as compared to non-overexpressing cells. Nanopore WGS can directly recover retrotransposed viral and flanking host sequences but its sensitivity depends on the depth of sequencing (a typical 20-fold sequencing depth would only examine 10 diploid cell equivalents). In contrast, TagMap enriches for the host-virus junctions and can interrogate up to 20,000 cells and is able to detect rare viral retrotranspositions in LINE1 non-overexpressing cells. Although Nanopore WGS is 10 – 20-fold more sensitive per tested cell, TagMap can interrogate 1,000 – 2,000-fold more cells and therefore can identify infrequent retrotranspositions. When comparing SARS-CoV-2 infection and viral nucleocapsid mRNA transfection by TagMap, retrotransposed SARS-CoV-2 sequences were only detected in infected but not in transfected cells. Retrotransposition in virus-infected in contrast to transfected cells may be facilitated because virus infection in contrast to viral RNA transfection results in significantly higher viral RNA levels and stimulates LINE1-expression which causes cellular stress.
Human sensorimotor beta event characteristics and aperiodic signal are highly heritable
Authors: Pauls K. Amande , Salmela Elina , Korsun Olesia , Kujala Jan , Salmelin Riitta , Renvall Hanna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIndividuals’ phenotypes, including the brain’s structure and function, are largely determined by genes and their interplay. The resting brain generates salient rhythmic patterns which can be characterized non-invasively using functional neuroimaging such as magnetoencephalography (MEG). One of these rhythms, the somatomotor (‘rolandic’) beta rhythm, shows intermittent high amplitude ‘events’ which predict behavior across tasks and species. Beta rhythm is altered in neurological disease. The aperiodic (‘1/f’) signal present in electrophysiological recordings is also modulated by some neurological conditions and aging. Both sensorimotor beta and aperiodic signal could thus serve as biomarkers of sensorimotor function. Knowledge about the extent to which these brain functional measures are heritable could shed light on the mechanisms underlying their generation. We investigated the heritability and variability of human spontaneous sensorimotor beta rhythm and aperiodic activity in 210 healthy adult siblings’ spontaneous MEG activity. Both the overall beta spectral power as well as time-resolved beta event amplitude parameters were highly heritable, whereas the heritabilities for peak frequency and measures of event duration remained nonsignificant. Interestingly, the most heritable trait was the aperiodic 1/f signal, with a heritability of 0.94 in the right hemisphere. Human sensorimotor neural activity can thus be dissected into different components with variable heritability. We postulate that differences in heritability in part reflect different underlying signal generating mechanisms. The 1/f signal and beta event amplitude measures may depend more on fixed, anatomical parameters, whereas beta event duration and its modulation reflect dynamic characteristics, guiding their use as potential disease biomarkers.
Alpha-frequency feedback to early visual cortex orchestrates coherent naturalistic vision
Authors: Chen Lixiang , Cichy Radoslaw M , Kaiser Daniel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDuring natural vision, the brain generates coherent percepts by integrating sensory inputs scattered across the visual field. Here, we asked whether this integration process is mediated by rhythmic cortical feedback. In EEG and fMRI experiments, we experimentally manipulated the demand for integration by changing the spatiotemporal coherence of natural videos presented across visual hemifields. Our EEG data revealed that information about incongruent videos is coded in feedforward-related gamma activity while information about congruent videos is coded in feedback-related alpha activity, indicating that integration is indeed mediated by rhythmic feedback. Our fMRI data identified scene-selective cortex as a likely source of this feedback. Analytically combining our EEG and fMRI data further revealed that feedback-related representations in the alpha band shape the earliest stages of visual processing in cortex. Together, our findings indicate that the construction of coherent visual experiences relies on rhythmic cortical feedback that fully traverses the visual hierarchy.