bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strongyloides stercoralis infection: an underlying cause of invasive bacterial infections of enteric origin. Results from a prospective cross-sectional study of a northern Italian tertiary hospital
Authors: Gardini Giulia , Froeschl Guenter , Gurrieri Francesca , De Francesco Maria Antonia , Cattaneo Chiara , Marchese Valentina , Piccinelli Giorgio , Corbellini Silvia , Pagani Chiara , Santagiuliana Marzia , Fumarola Benedetta , Gulletta Maurizio , Perandin Francesca , Castelli Francesco , Matteelli Alberto 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose of the study
We assessed the prevalence of S. stercoralis in a cohort of inpatients with invasive bacterial infections of enteric origin to investigate whether the parasite may facilitate these bacterial infections even in the absence of larval hyperproliferation.

Methods
We performed a prospective cross-sectional study in a hospital in northern Italy. Subjects admitted due to invasive bacterial infection of enteric origin and potential previous exposure to S. stercoralis were systematically enrolled over a period of 10 months. S. stercoralis infection was investigated with an in-house PCR on a single stool sample and with at least one serological method (in-house IFAT and/or ELISA Bordier). Univariate, bi-variate and logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results
Strongyloidiasis was diagnosed in 14/57 patients (24.6%; 95% confidence interval 14.1–37.8%) of which 10 were Italians (10/49, 20.4%) and 4 were migrants (4/8, 50.0%). Stool PCR was performed in 43/57 patients (75.4%) and no positive results were obtained.
Strongyloidiasis was found to be significantly associated (p ≤ 0.05) with male gender, long international travels to areas at higher endemicity, deep extra-intestinal infectious localization and solid tumors. In the logistic regression model, increased risk remained for the variables deep extra-intestinal infectious localization and oncologic malignancy.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest a new role of chronic strongyloidiasis in favoring invasive bacterial infections of enteric origin even in the absence of evident larval dissemination outside the intestinal lumen. Further well-designed studies should be conducted to confirm our results, and possibly establish the underlying mechanisms.
Proximate composition and mineral content of spices increasingly employed in the Mediterranean diet
Authors: Al Dhaheri Ayesha S. , Alkhatib Dana Hasan , Jaleel Abdul , Tariq Maryam Naveed Muhammad , Feehan Jack , Apostolopoulos Vasso , Osaili Tareq M. , Mohamad Maysm N. , Cheikh Ismail Leila , Saleh Sheima T. , Stojanovska Lily 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the nutritional constituents of common market available spices in the United Arab Emirates. Seven commonly consumed spices namely, ginger (Zingiber officinale), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), black seed (Nigella sativa), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) and saffron (Crocus sativus) were obtained from local markets. Proximate analyses were performed according to AOAC procedures. Assessment of major (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P and S) and minor (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) elements was conducted using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Findings revealed varying macronutrient, micronutrient and mineral contents which are highly valuable for dietary purposes. The present study demonstrates that these edible spices could be used for nutritional support, due to their micro and macronutrient contents.
Negotiating social medicine in a postcolonial context: Halfdan Mahler in India 1951–61
Authors: Brimnes Niels 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article investigates how World Health Organisation (WHO) Director-General Halfdan Mahler’s views on health care were formed by his experience in India between 1951 and 1961. Mahler spent a large part of the 1950s in India assigned as WHO medical officer to tuberculosis control projects. It argues that Mahler took inspiration from the official endorsement of the doctrine of social medicine that prevailed in India; even if it was challenged by an increasing preference for vertical, techno-centric campaigns. It shows how, from the outset, Mahler was remarkably hostile towards the highly skilled, clinically oriented doctors, but embraced prevalent ideas of community participation. It suggests that Mahler – although he remained silent on the issue – was impressed by the importance and resilience of indigenous traditions of medicine, despite hostility from leading political figures. In this way, the article attempts to establish links to Mahler’s advocacy of primary health care in the 1970s. A broad approach to health, scepticism toward clinically oriented doctors, preference for simple technologies and community participation, as well as an accommodating attitude towards indigenous practitioners, were all features of primary health care, which correlate well with views developed by Mahler as he negotiated social medicine in India between 1951 and 1961.
Winds of change. A commentary on ‘Demographic trade-offs and functional shifts in a hurricane-impacted tropical forest’
Authors: Fortunel Claire 
Published: July 2023

This article comments on:
María Natalia Umaña, Jessica Needham, Jimena Forero-Montaña, Christopher J. Nytch, Nathan G. Swenson, Jill Thompson, María Uriarte and Jess K. Zimmerman. Demographic trade-offs and functional shifts in a hurricane-impacted tropical forest, Annals of Botany, Volume 131, Issue 7, 6 June 2023, Pages 1051–1060, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcad004
The largest ornithopod (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Upper Jurassic of Europe sheds light on the evolutionary history of basal ankylopollexians
Authors: Sánchez-Fenollosa Sergio , Verdú Francisco J , Cobos Alberto 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Ankylopollexia was an abundant and diverse clade of ornithopods present in North America, Europe, Africa, and Asia from the Late Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous. However, the relationships between the basal ankylopollexians are poorly understood. A new ankylopollexian ornithopod genus and species is described here, based on a dentary tooth, an ungual pollex of the manus, and an almost complete left hindlimb. The fossils come from deposits of the Villar del Arzobispo Formation (upper Kimmeridgian–Tithonian). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Oblitosaurus bunnueli gen. et sp. nov. is the basalmost member of Ankylopollexia, together with Draconyx loureiroi. Furthermore, these results have relevant taxonomic implications for the genus Camptosaurus, being the first phylogenetic analysis to support the monophyly of Camptosaurus species. The estimated size of Oblitosaurus bunnueli suggests that it is the largest ornithopod described in the Upper Jurassic of Europe and one of the largest around the world, and could be the trackmaker of large ornithopod tracks found in the Upper Jurassic of the Iberian Peninsula. This discovery increases the known ankylopollexian diversity in Iberia, revealing the presence of an Iberian basal ankylopollexian clade that does not appear to be present in the contemporaneous outcrops of North America.
Inborn Errors of Immunity in Children With Invasive Pneumococcal Disease: A Multicenter Prospective Study
Authors: Phuong Linny Kimly , Cheung Abigail , Agrawal Rishi , Butters Coen , Buttery Jim , Clark Julia , Connell Tom , Curtis Nigel , Daley Andrew J. , Dobinson Hazel C. , Frith Catherine , Hameed Nadha Shahul , Hernstadt Hayley , Krieser David M. , Loke Paxton , Ojaimi Samar , McMullan Brendan , Pinzon-Charry Alberto , Sharp Ella Grace , Sinnappurajar Praisoody , Templeton Tiarni , Wen Sophie , Cole Theresa , Gwee Amanda 
Published: July 2023

Background:
In settings with universal conjugate pneumococcal vaccination, invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) can be a marker of an underlying inborn error of immunity. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and characterize the types of immunodeficiencies in children presenting with IPD.

Methods:
Multicenter prospective audit following the introduction of routinely recommended immunological screening in children presenting with IPD. The minimum immunological evaluation comprised a full blood examination and film, serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM), complement levels and function. Included participants were children in whom Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from a normally sterile site (cerebrospinal fluid, pleura, peritoneum and synovium). If isolated from blood, features of sepsis needed to be present. Children with predisposing factors for IPD (nephrotic syndrome, anatomical defect or malignancy) were excluded.

Results:
Overall, there were 379 episodes of IPD of which 313 (83%) were eligible for inclusion and 143/313 (46%) had an immunologic evaluation. Of these, 17/143 (12%) were diagnosed with a clinically significant abnormality: hypogammaglobulinemia (n = 4), IgA deficiency (n = 3), common variable immunodeficiency (n = 2), asplenia (n = 2), specific antibody deficiency (n = 2), incontinentia pigmenti with immunologic dysfunction (n = 1), alternative complement deficiency (n = 1), complement factor H deficiency (n = 1) and congenital disorder of glycosylation (n = 1). The number needed to investigate to identify 1 child presenting with IPD with an immunologic abnormality was 7 for children under 2 years and 9 for those 2 years old and over.

Conclusions:
This study supports the routine immune evaluation of children presenting with IPD of any age, with consideration of referral to a pediatric immunologist.
Enhancing Nurse Leadership Engagement Through Formalized Orientation Programs
Authors: LeJeune Kristopher 
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVE
This integrative review aims to synthesize literature and evaluate the relationship between formalized nursing leader orientation programs and nursing leadership engagement.

BACKGROUND
The onboarding and orientation of new nursing leaders should be more supported in healthcare organizations. Research supports that dedicated leadership onboarding and orientation programs increase nursing leadership engagement and retention.

METHODS
This review was based on a literature review using PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science using MeSH keywords and associated terms, including nursing leadership or nurse manager, engagement, and onboarding or orientation.

RESULTS
Incorporating formalized orientation and onboarding programs for newly hired or promoted nursing leaders improves leadership engagement. Programs should include a mentorship program to pair new leaders with experienced leaders to promote interprofessional collaboration and incorporate an advanced curriculum focusing on transformational leadership practices that increase nursing leadership engagement.

CONCLUSIONS
Implementing formalized onboarding and orientation programs for nursing leaders, focusing on mentorship, interprofessional collaboration, and transformational leadership practices can enhance nursing leadership engagement and retention. Healthcare organizations should prioritize implementing these programs to enhance nursing leadership engagement and retention.
Hypnotic treatment reverses NREM sleep disruption and EEG desynchronization in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome to rescue memory consolidation deficits
Authors: Martinez Jessy D. , Wilson Lydia G. , Brancaleone William P. , Peterson Kathryn G. , Popke Donald S. , Garzon Valentina Caicedo , Perez Tremble Roxanne E. , Donnelly Marcus J. , Mendez Ortega Stephany L. , Torres Daniel , Shaver James J. , Clawson Brittany C. , Jiang Sha , Yang Zhongying , Aton Sara J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFragile X syndrome (FXS) is a highly-prevalent genetic cause of intellectual disability, associated with disrupted cognition and sleep abnormalities. Sleep loss itself negatively impacts cognitive function, yet the contribution of sleep loss to impaired cognition in FXS is vastly understudied. One untested possibility is that disrupted cognition in FXS is exacerbated by abnormal sleep. We hypothesized that restoration of sleep-dependent mechanisms could improve functions such as memory consolidation in FXS. We examined whether administration of ML297, a hypnotic drug acting on G-protein-activated inward-rectifying potassium channels, could restore sleep phenotypes and improve disrupted memory consolidation inFmr1-/ymice. Using 24-h polysomnographic recordings, we found thatFmr1-/ymice exhibit reduced non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and fragmented NREM sleep architecture, alterations in NREM EEG spectral power (including reductions in sleep spindles), and reduced EEG coherence between cortical areas. These alterations were reversed in the hours following ML297 administration. Hypnotic treatment following contextual fear or spatial learning also ameliorated disrupted memory consolidation inFmr1-/ymice. Hippocampal activation patterns during memory recall was altered inFmr1-/ymice, reflecting an altered balance of activity among principal neurons vs. parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. This phenotype was partially reversed by post-learning ML297 administration. These studies suggest that sleep disruption could have a major impact on neurophysiological and behavioral phenotypes in FXS, and that hypnotic therapy may significantly improve disrupted cognition in this disorder.
Spatial IMIX: A Mixture Model Approach to Spatially Correlated Multi-Omics Data Integration
Authors: Wang Ziqiao , Czerniak Bogdan , Wei Peng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSpatial high-throughput omics data allow scientists to study gene activity in a tissue sample and map where it occurs at the same time. This enables the possibility to investigate important early cancer-initiating events occur in normal-appearing tissue and gene activities that progress and carry through tumor tissue, as defined by “field effect.” The “field effect” genes are differentially expressed or methylated genes in the spatially resolved high-dimensional datasets with respect to the pathology subtype in each geographical sample across the tissue region. Current statistical methods for spatially resolved genomics data focus on the association of omics data with spatial coordinates without being able to incorporate and test for the association with the sample subtypes. In addition, analytical methods are underdeveloped for spatially resolved multi-omics data integration. We propose a novel statistical frame-work ‘spatial IMIX’ to integratively analyze spatially resolved high-dimensional multi-omics data associated with a specific trait, such as sample subtypes while modeling the spatial correlations between samples and the inter-data-type correlations between omics data simultaneously. Through extensive simulations, spatial IMIX demonstrated well-controlled type I error, great power by relaxing the independence assumptions between data types, model selection features, and the ability to control FDR across data types. Data applications to a geographically annotated tissue area of bladder cancer discovered cancer-initiating gene activities and revealed interesting fundamental biological mechanisms through path-way analysis. We have implemented our method in R package ‘spatialimix’ available athttps://github.com/ziqiaow/spatialimix.
Restoration of Natural Somatic Sensations to the Amputees: Finding the Right Combination of Neurostimulation Methods
Authors: Soghoyan Gurgen , Biktimirov Artur R. , Piliugin Nikita S. , Matvienko Yury , Kaplan Alexander Y. , Sintsov Mikhail Y. , Lebedev Mikhail A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLimb amputation results in such devastating consequences as loss of motor and sensory functions and phantom limb pain (PLP). Here we explored peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS), spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) as the approaches to enable tactile and proprioceptive sensations in the amputees and suppress their PLP. We investigated the efficacy of these approaches in sensory discrimination tasks, namely determining object size and softness using a prosthetic hand. Two transhumeral amputees were implanted for four weeks with stimulating electrodes placed in the medial nerve and epidurally over the spinal cord. Both PNS and SCS induced sensation in different parts of the phantom hand and the corresponding electroencephalographic (EEG) responses. The sensations produced by PNS felt more natural compared to those evoked by SCS. Moreover, neurostimulation-induced sensations were felt as emerging from the prosthetic hand engaged in grasping the objects and recognizing their size. These sensations were further enhanced with dual neurostimulation that enabled appreciation of object softness. The prosthetic sensations became more natural with continued practice. We conclude that the ability to perform complex sensorimotor tasks could be restored to the amputees with an individual-based combination of neurostimulation tools. In addition to restoring sensations, neurostimulation suppresses PLP.One Sentence SummaryThe use of peripheral nerve stimulation, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and spinal cord stimulation improves and enriches prosthetic sensations in amputees by making these sensations more natural and enabling active tasks, such as discriminating object size and softness using a bionic hand.
Identification of COVID-19 Vaccine-Hesitancy Predictors in the United States
Authors: Saldarriaga Enrique M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVaccine hesitancy is complex, multi-causative phenomenon that undermines public health efforts to contain the spread of infectious diseases. Improving our understanding of the drivers of vaccine hesitancy might improve our capacity to address it. We used the results of the May 2021 ASPE’s survey on COVID-19 vaccine-hesitancy which estimated the proportion of adults that felt hesitant of unsure towards taking the COVID-19 vaccine when it becomes available at the county-level. We developed a prediction model to identify the most important predictors of vaccine-hesitancy. The potential predictors included demographic characteristics, the CDC’s social vulnerability index, and the Republican Party’s voting share in the 2020 presidential election as a proxy of political affiliation, both at the county-level. The most important drivers of hesitancy included low educational attainment, proportion of Black/African American population, and political affiliation. These results deepen our understanding of the phenomenon and could help design more targeted interventions to reduce hesitancy in specific sub-groups of the population.
The optic radiations and reading development: a longitudinal study of children born term and preterm
Authors: Bruckert Lisa , Lerma-Usabiaga Garikoitz , Borchers Lauren R. , Marchman Virginia A. , Travis Katherine E. , Feldman Heidi M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeTo determine if development of single-word reading between ages 6 and 8 years was related to change in a microstructural property of the optic radiations (OR), white matter circuits that are not typically associated with language or reading and if the patterns of association were similar in children born full term (FT) and preterm (PT).MethodsFT (n=34) and PT (n=34) were assessed using the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test at 6, 7, and 8. Word Identification raw score was the outcome measure. Diffusion MRI was acquired at 6 and 8 years using a 96-direction scan (b=2500 sec/mm2). Probabilistic tractography identified left and right OR. We used linear mixed models to determine if change in fractional anisotropy (FA) averaged across the left and right OR was associated with growth in reading.ResultsThe rate of reading growth was similar in both groups. FA of the OR was higher in children born FT than PT at age 8. Change in FA of the OR from age 6 to 8 was negatively associated growth in reading across both birth groups.ConclusionIndividual differences in the rate of development in reading skills was associated with individual differences in the change in FA of the visual pathways in both children born FT and PT. Decreasing FA implicates increasing axonal diameter and/or complexity in fiber structure as the drivers of faster reading development.HighlightsThe rate of reading growth was similar in children born full term and pretermFA of the optic radiations increased from age 6 to 8 years in both groupsFA of the optic radiations was higher in full term than preterm children at age 8Decreasing FA in optic radiations was associated with accelerated reading growthAssociations of FA in optic radiations and reading were similar in two birth groups
The importance of habitat type and historical fire regimes in arthropod community response following large-scale wildfires
Authors: Holmquist Anna J. , Markelz R.J. Cody , Martinez Ciera C. , Gillespie Rosemary G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWildfires are increasingly altering ecosystems, posing significant challenges for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management. In this study, we used DNA metabarcoding to assess the response of arthropod communities to large-scale wildfires across diverse habitat types. We sampled six reserves within the University of California Natural Reserve System (UCNRS), each which was partially burned in the 2020 Lightning Complex wildfires in California. Using yellow pan traps to target pollinators, we collected arthropods from burned and unburned sites across multiple habitat types including oak woodland, redwood, scrub, chamise, grassland, forest, and serpentine habitats. We found no significant difference in alpha diversity values between burned and unburned sites; instead, seasonal variations played a significant role in arthropod community dynamics, with the emergence of plant species in Spring promoting increased pollinator richness at all sites. Compositional similarity analysis revealed that burn status was not a significant grouping factor when comparing all sites. Instead, community composition primarily varied across reserves, indicating distinct pools of arthropods structured geographically. Habitat type played a crucial role in determining the response of arthropod communities to fire. While communities in grasslands and oak woodlands exhibited recovery following burn, scrublands experienced substantial changes in community composition. Our study highlights the importance of examining community responses to wildfires across broad spatial scales and diverse habitat types. By understanding the nuanced dynamics of arthropod communities in response to fire disturbances, we can develop effective conservation strategies that promote resilience and maintain biodiversity in the face of increasing wildfire frequency and intensity driven by climate change.
Structure of HK97 small terminase:DNA complex unveils a novel DNA binding mechanism by a circular protein
Authors: Chechik Maria , Greive Sandra J. , Antson Alfred A. , Jenkins Huw T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDNA recognition is critical for assembly of double-stranded DNA viruses, in particular for the initiation of packaging the viral genome into the capsid. DNA packaging has been extensively studied for three archetypal bacteriophage systems:cos,pacand phi29. We identified the minimal site within thecosregion of bacteriophage HK97 specifically recognised by the small terminase and determined a cryoEM structure for the small terminase:DNA complex. This nonameric circular protein utilizes a previously unknown mechanism of DNA binding. While DNA threads through the central tunnel, unexpectedly, DNA-recognition is generated at its exit by a substructure formed by the N- and C-terminal segments of two adjacent protomers of the terminase which are unstructured in the absence of DNA. Such interaction ensures continuous engagement of the small terminase with DNA, allowing sliding along DNA while simultaneously checking the DNA sequence. This mechanism allows locating and instigating packaging initiation and termination precisely at thecossite.