bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Surface Hydraulics and Salmon Redd Size on Redd‐Induced Hyporheic Exchange
Authors: Bhattarai Bishal , Hilliard Brandon , Reeder William J. , Budwig Ralph , Martin Benjamin T. , Xing Tao , Tonina Daniele 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSalmonids create an egg nest, called a redd, in hyporheic streambed gravel to bury their eggs, characterized by a pit and a hump topography, resembling a dune. Embryos' survival depends on downwelling oxygen‐rich stream water fluxes, influenced by the redd shape, stream hydraulics, and the hydraulic conductivity of the redd sediment, K. We hypothesize that downwelling fluxes increase with stream discharge and redd aspect ratio (AR = A/L, with A, the redd amplitude and L, its length), and they can be predicted using a set of dimensionless numbers, which include the stream flow Reynolds (Re) and Froude (Fr) numbers, AR, and the redd relative submergence (A/Y0, with Y0, the water depth). We address our goal by simulating the surface and subsurface flows with numerical hydraulic models linked through the near‐bed pressure distribution quantified with a two‐phase (air‐water) two‐dimensional surface water computational fluid dynamics model, validated with experiments. We apply the modeling approach to five redd sizes, which span the field observed range (from ∼1 to ∼4 m long), and by increasing discharge from shallow (0.1 m) and slow (0.15 m/s) to deep (8 m) and fast (3.3 m/s). Results confirm that downwelling fluxes increase with discharge and redd aspect ratio due to the increased near‐bed head gradient over the redd. Averaged downwelling fluxes are a function of Re, Fr, AR, and hydraulic conductivity of the redd and not of the undisturbed streambed material. The derived regression equation may help evaluate regulated and unregulated flow impacts on hyporheic flows during embryo incubation.
Extreme Horizontal Wind Perturbations in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Over South America Associated With the 2022 Hunga Eruption
Authors: Poblet Facundo L. , Chau Jorge L. , Conte J. Federico , Vierinen Juha , Suclupe Jose , Liu Alan , Rodriguez Rodolfo R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOn 15 January 2022, the Hunga volcano produced a massive explosion that generated perturbations in the entire atmosphere. Nonetheless, signatures in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) have been challenging to identify. We report MLT horizontal wind perturbations using three multistatic specular meteor radars on the west side of South America (spanning more than 3,000 km). The most notorious signal is an exceptional solitary wave with a large vertical wavelength observed around 18 UT at all three sites, with an amplitude of ∼50 m/s mainly in the westward direction. Using a customized analysis, the wave is characterized as traveling at ∼200 m/s, with a period of ∼2 hr and a horizontal wavelength of ∼1,440 km in the longitudinal direction, away from the source. The perturbation is consistent with an L1 Lamb wave mode. The signal's timing coincides with the arrival time of the tsunami triggered by the eruption.
The Amplitude and Timescales of 0–15 ka Paleomagnetic Secular Variation in the Northern North Atlantic
Authors: Reilly Brendan T. , Stoner Joseph S. , Ólafsdóttir Sædís , Jennings Anne , Hatfield Robert , Kristjánsdóttir Gréta Björk , Geirsdóttir Áslaug 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe investigate the amplitude and frequency of directional geomagnetic change since 15 ka in the Northern North Atlantic (∼67°N) using five “ultra‐high” resolution continental shelf sediment cores deposited at rates greater than 1 m/kyr. The ages of these cores are constrained by 103 radiocarbon dates with reservoir ages assessed through tephra correlation to terrestrial archives. Our study aims to address many of the uncertainties that are common in sedimentary paleomagnetic studies, including signal attenuation in low to moderate resolution archives and difficulty to demonstrate reproducibility in higher resolution archives. The “ultra‐high” accumulation rates of our cores reduce “lock‐in” and smoothing uncertainties associated with magnetic acquisition processes. Abundant radiocarbon dates along with an objective alignment algorithm provide a test of signal reproducibility at sub‐millennial timescales. The paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV) signal, evaluated as individual records and as a new stack (GREENICE15k), validates prior results, but provides stronger geochronological constraints, demonstrates a reproducible PSV signal and amplitude, and extends through the abrupt Bølling–Allerød and Younger Dryas climate transitions of the latest Pleistocene. While broadly consistent with time‐varying spherical harmonic models and varve dated records from Northern Europe, we demonstrate greater variance and higher amplitudes—particularly at sub‐millennial timescales. This robust variability on centennial timescales is rarely observed or discussed, but is likely important to our understanding of some of the most intriguing aspects of the geodynamo.
A Comparison of Stratospheric Gravity Waves in a High‐Resolution General Circulation Model With 3‐D Satellite Observations
Authors: Okui H. , Wright C. J. , Hindley N. P. , Lear E. J. , Sato K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAtmospheric gravity waves (GWs) play a key role in determining the thermodynamical structure of the Earth's middle atmosphere. Despite the small spatial and temporal scales of these waves, a few high‐top general circulation models (GCMs) that can resolve them explicitly have recently become available. This study compares global GW characteristics simulated in one such GCM, the Japanese Atmospheric GCM for Upper‐Atmosphere Research (JAGUAR), with those derived from three‐dimensional (3‐D) temperatures observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) aboard NASA's Aqua satellite. The target period is from 15 December 2018 to 8 January 2019, including the onset of a major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW). The 3‐D Stockwell transform method is used for GW spectral analysis. The amplitudes and momentum fluxes of GWs in JAGUAR are generally in good quantitative agreement with those in the AIRS observations in both magnitude and distribution. As the SSW event progressed, the GW amplitudes and eastward momentum flux increased at low latitudes in the summer hemisphere in both the model and observation datasets. Case studies demonstrate that the model is able to reproduce comparable wave events to those in the AIRS observations with some differences, especially noticeable at low latitudes in the summer hemisphere. Through a comparison between the model results with and without the AIRS observational filter applied, it is suggested that the amplitudes of GWs near the entrance or exit of an eastward jet streak are underestimated in AIRS observations.
Network analysis of comorbid depression, suicidality and biomarkers on HPA axis among mood disorder patients to psychiatric emergency services
Authors: Wang Yi-Fan , You Guang-yun , Han Tian , Liu Yi , Li Juan , Ji Xiao , Xie Xiao-meng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRapid assessment and intervention of suicide risk are common and challenging in psychiatric emergency departments (PED). It is unclear whether distinct pathophysiological processes exist among depressive patients with suicidality. This study examined the network structures of biomarkers on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, such as Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and Corticosterone (Cort), as well as suicidality and depressive symptoms in mood disorder patients in PED. Mood disorder patients in PED were assessed with the measurements of suicidality and depressive symptoms, respectively. A network analysis was performed to identify central symptoms and bridge symptoms of this network and their links to ACTH and Cort. Network stability was examined using the case-dropping procedure. The Network Comparison Test (NCT) was conducted to evaluate whether network characteristics differed by gender. A total of 1815 mood disorder patients were recruited. The prevalence of SI was 31.2% (95% CI: 28.15–34.21%), SP was 30.4% (95% CI: 27.39–33.41%), SA was 30.62% (95% CI: 27.61–33.64%) among psychiatric outpatients. The mean score of HAMD-24 was 13.87 ± 8.02. Network analysis revealed that ‘Somatic anxiety’ had the highest expected centrality, followed by ‘Hopelessness’ and ‘Suicide attempt’. ‘Corticosterone’ and ‘Retardation’ may be the main bridge symptoms between depressive symptoms and the suicidality community. The network model showed a high degree of stability. Gender did not significantly influence the network structure. The central symptoms and key bridge symptoms identified could be potential targets for interventions of the HPA axis, which is designed for regular screening of a range of suicidal activity. In the light of this, timely treatment should be provided for psychiatric emergency care.
The structure of phosphatidylinositol remodeling MBOAT7 reveals its catalytic mechanism and enables inhibitor identification
Authors: Wang Kun , Lee Chia-Wei , Sui Xuewu , Kim Siyoung , Wang Shuhui , Higgs Aidan B. , Baublis Aaron J. , Voth Gregory A. , Liao Maofu , Walther Tobias C. , Farese Robert V. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCells remodel glycerophospholipid acyl chains via the Lands cycle to adjust membrane properties. Membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) 7 acylates lyso-phosphatidylinositol (lyso-PI) with arachidonyl-CoA. MBOAT7 mutations cause brain developmental disorders, and reduced expression is linked to fatty liver disease. In contrast, increased MBOAT7 expression is linked to hepatocellular and renal cancers. The mechanistic basis of MBOAT7 catalysis and substrate selectivity are unknown. Here, we report the structure and a model for the catalytic mechanism of human MBOAT7. Arachidonyl-CoA and lyso-PI access the catalytic center through a twisted tunnel from the cytosol and lumenal sides, respectively. N-terminal residues on the ER lumenal side determine phospholipid headgroup selectivity: swapping them between MBOATs 1, 5, and 7 converts enzyme specificity for different lyso-phospholipids. Finally, the MBOAT7 structure and virtual screening enabled identification of small-molecule inhibitors that may serve as lead compounds for pharmacologic development.
All-organic polymeric materials with high refractive index and excellent transparency
Authors: Zhang Jie , Bai Tianwen , Liu Weixi , Li Mingzhao , Zang Qiguang , Ye Canbin , Sun Jing Zhi , Shi Yaocheng , Ling Jun , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHigh refractive index polymers (HRIPs) have drawn attention for their optoelectronic applications and HRIPs with excellent transparency and facile preparation are highly demanded. Herein, sulfur-containing all organic HRIPs with refractive indices up to 1.8433 at 589 nm and excellent optical transparency even in one hundred micrometre scale in the visual and RI region as well as high weight-average molecular weights (up to 44500) are prepared by our developed organobase catalyzed polymerization of bromoalkynes and dithiophenols in yields up to 92%. Notably, the fabricated optical transmission waveguides using the resultant HRIP with the highest refractive index display a reduced propagation loss compared with that generated by the commercial material of SU-8. In addition, the tetraphenylethylene containing polymer not only exhibits a reduced propagation loss, but also is used to examine the uniformity and continuity of optical waveguides with naked eyes because of its aggregation-induced emission feature.
Dimethyl fumarate and 4-octyl itaconate are anticoagulants that suppress Tissue Factor in macrophages via inhibition of Type I Interferon
Authors: Ryan Tristram A. J. , Hooftman Alexander , Rehill Aisling M. , Johansen Matt D. , Brien Eóin C. O’ , Toller-Kawahisa Juliana E. , Wilk Mieszko M. , Day Emily A. , Weiss Hauke J. , Sarvari Pourya , Vozza Emilio G. , Schramm Fabian , Peace Christian G. , Zotta Alessia , Miemczyk Stefan , Nalkurthi Christina , Hansbro Nicole G. , McManus Gavin , O’Doherty Laura , Gargan Siobhan , Long Aideen , Dunne Jean , Cheallaigh Clíona Ní , Conlon Niall , Carty Michael , Fallon Padraic G. , Mills Kingston H. G. , Creagh Emma M. , Donnell James S. O’ , Hertzog Paul J. , Hansbro Philip M. , McLoughlin Rachel M. , Wygrecka Małgorzata , Preston Roger J. S. , Zasłona Zbigniew , O’Neill Luke A. J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExcessive inflammation-associated coagulation is a feature of infectious diseases, occurring in such conditions as bacterial sepsis and COVID-19. It can lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation, one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Recently, type I interferon (IFN) signaling has been shown to be required for tissue factor (TF; gene name F3) release from macrophages, a critical initiator of coagulation, providing an important mechanistic link between innate immunity and coagulation. The mechanism of release involves type I IFN-induced caspase-11 which promotes macrophage pyroptosis. Here we find that F3 is a type I IFN-stimulated gene. Furthermore, F3 induction by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is inhibited by the anti-inflammatory agents dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI). Mechanistically, inhibition of F3 by DMF and 4-OI involves suppression of Ifnb1 expression. Additionally, they block type I IFN- and caspase-11-mediated macrophage pyroptosis, and subsequent TF release. Thereby, DMF and 4-OI inhibit TF-dependent thrombin generation. In vivo, DMF and 4-OI suppress TF-dependent thrombin generation, pulmonary thromboinflammation, and lethality induced by LPS, E. coli, and S. aureus, with 4-OI additionally attenuating inflammation-associated coagulation in a model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our results identify the clinically approved drug DMF and the pre-clinical tool compound 4-OI as anticoagulants that inhibit TF-mediated coagulopathy via inhibition of the macrophage type I IFN-TF axis.
Globally consistent response of plant microbiome diversity across hosts and continents to soil nutrients and herbivores
Authors: Seabloom Eric W. , Caldeira Maria C. , Davies Kendi F. , Kinkel Linda , Knops Johannes M. H. , Komatsu Kimberly J. , MacDougall Andrew S. , May Georgiana , Millican Michael , Moore Joslin L. , Perez Luis I. , Porath-Krause Anita J. , Power Sally A. , Prober Suzanne M. , Risch Anita C. , Stevens Carly , Borer Elizabeth T. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAll multicellular organisms host a diverse microbiome composed of microbial pathogens, mutualists, and commensals, and changes in microbiome diversity or composition can alter host fitness and function. Nonetheless, we lack a general understanding of the drivers of microbiome diversity, in part because it is regulated by concurrent processes spanning scales from global to local. Global-scale environmental gradients can determine variation in microbiome diversity among sites, however an individual host’s microbiome also may reflect its local micro-environment. We fill this knowledge gap by experimentally manipulating two potential mediators of plant microbiome diversity (soil nutrient supply and herbivore density) at 23 grassland sites spanning global-scale gradients in soil nutrients, climate, and plant biomass. Here we show that leaf-scale microbiome diversity in unmanipulated plots depended on the total microbiome diversity at each site, which was highest at sites with high soil nutrients and plant biomass. We also found that experimentally adding soil nutrients and excluding herbivores produced concordant results across sites, increasing microbiome diversity by increasing plant biomass, which created a shaded microclimate. This demonstration of consistent responses of microbiome diversity across a wide range of host species and environmental conditions suggests the possibility of a general, predictive understanding of microbiome diversity.
Catalytic asymmetric oxa-Diels–Alder reaction of acroleins with simple alkenes
Authors: Zeng Lei , Liu Shihan , Lan Yu , Gao Lizhu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe catalytic asymmetric inverse-electron-demand oxa-Diels–Alder (IODA) reaction is a highly effective synthetic method for creating enantioenriched six-membered oxygen-containing heterocycles. Despite significant effort in this area, simple α,β-unsaturated aldehydes/ketones and nonpolarized alkenes are seldom utilized as substrates due to their low reactivity and difficulties in achieving enantiocontrol. This report describes an intermolecular asymmetric IODA reaction between α-bromoacroleins and neutral alkenes that is catalyzed by oxazaborolidinium cation 1f. The resulting dihydropyrans are produced in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities over a broad range of substrates. The use of acrolein in the IODA reaction produces 3,4-dihydropyran with an unoccupied C6 position in the ring structure. This unique feature is utilized in the efficient synthesis of (+)-Centrolobine, demonstrating the practical synthetic utility of this reaction. Additionally, the study found that 2,6-trans-tetrahydropyran can undergo efficient epimerization into 2,6-cis-tetrahydropyran under Lewis acidic conditions. This structural core is widespread in natural products.
Critical role of biomass burning aerosols in enhanced historical Indian Ocean warming
Authors: Tian Yiqun , Hu Shineng , Deser Clara 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) has experienced enhanced surface warming relative to the tropical mean during the past century, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we use single-forcing, large-ensemble coupled model simulations to demonstrate that changes of biomass burning (BMB) aerosols have played a critical role in this TIO relative warming. Although the BMB aerosol changes have little effect on global mean temperatures due to regional cancellation, they significantly influence the pattern of warming over the tropical oceans. The reduction of BMB aerosols over the Indian subcontinent induces a TIO warming, while the increase of BMB aerosols over South America and Africa causes a cooling of the tropical Pacific and Atlantic, respectively. The resultant TIO relative warming leads to prominent global climate changes, including a westward expanded Indo-Pacific warm pool, a fresher TIO due to enhanced rainfall, and an intensified North Atlantic jet stream affecting European hydroclimate.
The role of climate change and urban development on compound dry-hot extremes across US cities
Authors: Ghanbari Mahshid , Arabi Mazdak , Georgescu Matei , Broadbent Ashley M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCompound dry-hot extreme (CDHE) events pose greater risks to the environment, society, and human health than their univariate counterparts. Here, we project decadal-length changes in the frequency and duration of CDHE events for major U.S. cities during the 21st century. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled to an urban canopy parameterization, we find a considerable increase in the frequency and duration of future CDHE events across all U.S. major cities under the compound effect of high-intensity GHG- and urban development-induced warming. Our results indicate that while GHG-induced warming is the primary driver of the increased frequency and duration of CDHE events, urban development amplifies this effect and should not be neglected. Furthermore, We show that the highest frequency amplification of major CDHE events is expected for U.S. cities across the Great Plains South, Southwest, and the southern part of the Northwest National Climate Assessment regions.
Manipulating hydrogen bond dissociation rates and mechanisms in water dimer through vibrational strong coupling
Authors: Yu Qi , Bowman Joel M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe vibrational strong coupling (VSC) between molecular vibrations and cavity photon modes has recently emerged as a promising tool for influencing chemical reactivities. Despite numerous experimental and theoretical efforts, the underlying mechanism of VSC effects remains elusive. In this study, we combine state-of-art quantum cavity vibrational self-consistent field/configuration interaction theory (cav-VSCF/VCI), quasi-classical trajectory method, along with the quantum-chemical CCSD(T)-level machine learning potential, to simulate the hydrogen bond dissociation dynamics of water dimer under VSC. We observe that manipulating the light-matter coupling strength and cavity frequencies can either inhibit or accelerate the dissociation rate. Furthermore, we discover that the cavity surprisingly modifies the vibrational dissociation channels, with a pathway involving both water fragments in their ground vibrational states becoming the major channel, which is a minor one when the water dimer is outside the cavity. We elucidate the mechanisms behind these effects by investigating the critical role of the optical cavity in modifying the intramolecular and intermolecular coupling patterns. While our work focuses on single water dimer system, it provides direct and statistically significant evidence of VSC effects on molecular reaction dynamics.
Hierarchical entanglement shells of multichannel Kondo clouds
Authors: Shim Jeongmin , Kim Donghoon , Sim H.-S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractImpurities or boundaries often impose nontrivial boundary conditions on a gapless bulk, resulting in distinct boundary universality classes for a given bulk, phase transitions, and non-Fermi liquids in diverse systems. The underlying boundary states however remain largely unexplored. This is related with a fundamental issue how a Kondo cloud spatially forms to screen a magnetic impurity in a metal. Here we predict the quantum-coherent spatial and energy structure of multichannel Kondo clouds, representative boundary states involving competing non-Fermi liquids, by studying quantum entanglement between the impurity and the channels. Entanglement shells of distinct non-Fermi liquids coexist in the structure, depending on the channels. As temperature increases, the shells become suppressed one by one from the outside, and the remaining outermost shell determines the thermal phase of each channel. Detection of the entanglement shells is experimentally feasible. Our findings suggest a guide to studying other boundary states and boundary-bulk entanglement.
Coordination modulation of hydrated zinc ions to enhance redox reversibility of zinc batteries
Authors: Chen Song , Ji Deluo , Chen Qianwu , Ma Jizhen , Hou Shaoqi , Zhang Jintao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe dendrite growth of zinc and the side reactions including hydrogen evolution often degrade performances of zinc-based batteries. These issues are closely related to the desolvation process of hydrated zinc ions. Here we show that the efficient regulation on the solvation structure and chemical properties of hydrated zinc ions can be achieved by adjusting the coordination micro-environment with zinc phenolsulfonate and tetrabutylammonium 4-toluenesulfonate as a family of electrolytes. The theoretical understanding and in-situ spectroscopy analysis revealed that the favorable coordination of conjugated anions involved in hydrogn bond network minimizes the activate water molecules of hydrated zinc ion, thus improving the zinc/electrolyte interface stability to suppress the dendrite growth and side reactions. With the reversibly cycling of zinc electrode over 2000 h with a low overpotential of 17.7 mV, the full battery with polyaniline cathode demonstrated the impressive cycling stability for 10000 cycles. This work provides inspiring fundamental principles to design advanced electrolytes under the dual contributions of solvation modulation and interface regulation for high-performing zinc-based batteries and others.