bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral and Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation Improve Functional Outcomes of Nerve Recovery in a Rodent Forelimb Gap Repair Model
Authors: Nicksic Peter J. , Donnelly D’Andrea T. , Zeng Weifeng , Seitz Allison J. , Poore Samuel O. , Suminski Aaron J. , Dingle Aaron M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background: It is well established that peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) improves outcomes following nerve injury. By contrast, the trigeminal nerve has not yet been explored as a target of electrical stimulation (ES) for this indication. The hypothesis of this study is that the trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) and PNS improve functional outcomes of peripheral nerve injury in a rat forelimb model when compared to rats not receiving ES.
Methods: Forty-five male Lewis rats were randomized into 4 groups: (1) sham injury, (2) nerve injury with sham ES, (3) nerve injury with PNS, and (4) nerve injury with TNS. Following repair, rats in the PNS group were stimulated for 1 hour. During rehabilitation, the TNS group received a 500ms train of ES immediately following each successful reach and grasp. Functional motor and sensory metrics were collected both pre-injury and throughout rehabilitation.
Results: The sham ES group did not recover their pre-injury baseline functional outcome measurements by the final week of recovery. In contrast, the PNS and TNS groups fully recovered following injury as there was no difference in functional outcomes between the pre-injury baseline and final week of rehabilitation (p > 0.05, all).
Conclusions: Trigeminal nerve stimulation and PNS are viable therapies to improve outcomes of nerve injury.
Estimating the degree of non-Markovianity using variational quantum circuits
Authors: Dinani Hossein , Tancara Diego , Fanchini Felipe , Norambuena Ariel , Coto Raul 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Several applications of quantum machine learning (QML) rely on a quantum measurement followed by training algorithms using the measurement outcomes. However, recently developed QML models, such as variational quantum circuits (VQCs), can be implemented directly on the state of the quantum system (quantum data). Here, we propose to use a qubit as a probe to estimate the degree of non-Markovianity of the environment. Using VQCs, we find an optimal sequence of qubit-environment interactions that yield accurate estimations of the degree of non-Markovianity for the amplitude damping, phase damping, and the combination of both models. This work contributes to practical quantum applications of VQCs and delivers a feasible experimental procedure to estimate the degree of non-Markovianity.
Assessment of some factors associated with contraceptive pills usage among Sudanese ladies’ users
Authors: Ali Aya Alsedig , Ali Afag Altigani , Ahmed Hussain Gadelkarim , Zakout Yosef Mohamed-Azzam , Batran Samah Abd-Elrahim 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Many women use contraception, and many of them spend a substantial portion of their lives attempting to postpone or prepare for pregnancy. As a result, the current study sought to assess numerous parameters associated with Sudanese women's use of contraceptive pills.
Methodology: This descriptive study took place in Khartoum, Sudan from March to September 2022. The study comprised 100 women of reproductive age. All study participants were current or former users of hormonal contraceptive pills.
Results: 30% of users claimed to have used it without a prescription, while 70% said they had taken it as the doctor had instructed. The majority of participants (57%) took the pills for more than one year, followed by a period of one to twelve months. 41% of the study participants used the pills consistently, whereas the remaining 59% used them infrequently. About 80% of those who said they were aware of the side effects of the pills said they would appear between one month and a year after taking them, with 33% saying they would do so within a month.
Conclusion: Hormonal contraceptives (HCs) are routinely used without a doctor's prescription in Sudan. The great majority of HCs users report negative effects that could be attributed to incorrect use. Efforts are needed to raise the awareness of Sudanese women about the importance of the proper use of contraceptive pills.
A comprehensive analysis of the expression and prognosis of STATs in human breast invasive carcinoma
Authors: huo qin , Xie Ni 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Multiple cancer types are associated with the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) family of proteins. The expression and prognostic value of STATs in breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) remain unclear.
Methods
Herein we investigated the clinical data onto 1,222 patients with BRCA based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, UALCAN, cBio Cancer Genomics Portal (cBioPortal), STRING, and GeneMANIA databases.
Results
The transcriptional levels of STAT4/5A/5B/6 were significantly decreased while the transcriptional levels of STAT1 were elevated in BRCA tissues. A significant correlation exists between STATs expressions and known prognostic factors, e.g., age, pathologic stage, radiation_therapy, and Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stages. It was discovered that patients with high STAT4 expression had a better prognosis for overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.59, p = 0.002), disease-specific survival (DSS) (HR = 0.59, p = 0.018), and progress free interval (PFI) (HR = 0.55, p < 0.001). STAT4 may be an independent prognostic marker for BRCA through univariate and multivariate Cox regression. In terms of immune infiltrating levels, A correlation between STAT1/2/4/13 expression and immune cell infiltration, including T cells and Th1, has also been noted. Furthermore, the levels of STAT4 were statistically significant correlated with T cells (r = 0.822, p < 0.001), cytotoxic cells (r = 0.746, p < 0.001), B cells (r = 0.691, p < 0.001), Th1 cells (r = 0.686, p < 0.001), and activated dendritic cells (DC).
Conclusion
Based on the findings of this study, STAT4 might serve as a novel prognostic biomarker to predict prognosis and levels of immune infiltration for BRCA.
Observed Changes and Variability in wet days and Dry Spells over IGAD region of Eastern Africa
Authors: Omay Paulino Omoj , Muthama Nzioka John , Christopher Oludhe , Kinama Josiah M. , Artan Guleid , Atheru Zachary 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Extreme Rainfall is crucial for Crop production and food security in Eastern Africa. This paper seeks to investigate the changes and variability in wet days and dry spells over the IGAD region. Data used are Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS). Several statistical methods and wet days and dry spells thresholds at ≥ 1mm applied on decadal (10 years), 20, 30 and 41 years. The results show that decrease in the number of wet days lead to longer dry spells. The majority of districts in Uganda, southwestern South Sudan, southwestern zones in Ethiopia, highlands of western and Nyanza counties in Kenya observed the highest number of wet days (50–70 days) and lowest consecutive dry spells (0–1 spells). Uganda and South Sudan are the two countries with lowest variability on wet days (highest variability in dry spells). Again, South Sudan and Uganda, most parts of Ethiopia, highlands of western Kenya observed 90–100% probability of exceeding 7 and 14 days (1 and 2 spells) during March-May (MAM), June-August (JJA) and September-November (SON). Northeastern Kenya and Somalia, southeastern Ethiopia, most parts of Eritrea and Djibouti observed less than 5% of probability under 7, 14,21,28 days (1,2,3,4 spells). In addition, most parts of the region observed decreased number of wet days in the 1980s and 1990s, while the last decade (2011–2020) experienced an increase during MAM and JJA. These findings are important for rain-fed agriculture, supplementary irrigation planning and food security in the IGAD region.
Gender-Specific Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control of Hypertension in Adults in India: A Study for Developing Gender-Specific Public Policy from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Data 2017-18
Authors: Singh Ayushi , Dixit Priyanka 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background and Objective
Hypertension is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease and the leading cause of mortality among Indian adults. The difference in health status between men and women is becoming a great burden in itself worldwide. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between men and women in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and related risk factors among people aged 45 and older in India using data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study of India in 2017-18.
Methods
Descriptive statistics were presented separately for males and females. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the socio-demographic, lifestyle behaviours, and biological factors associated with the prevalence of hypertension. All statistical analyses were conducted using Stata Version 16.0 statistical software. The study of the data was conducted using survey weights available in the LASI datasets.
Key Findings
Overall, the study found that 45.1% of the study population had hypertension, with 26.9% self-reporting their condition and 30% having hypertension at the time of measurement. Approximately 41% of males and 59% of females had hypertension. The self-reported hypertension of men was found to differ significantly from measured hypertension by 8.7%, while in women the difference was only 1.2%. Diabetes was found to increase the odds of having hypertension in both males (OR = 3.65, 95% CI (3.37–3.97)) and females (OR = 3.46, 95% CI (3.21–3.74)).
Conclusion
The difference between self-reported and measured hypertension in men and women is contributing to gender and health inequalities that must be addressed. For adult females with hypertension, it is important to prioritize obesity, education level, physical activity, and regular visits to the clinic for the management of chronic conditions. Based on our findings, policy recommendations can be made to focus on increasing women's literacy, promoting men's screening for hypertension, banning tobacco and alcohol sales, and organizing hypertension awareness campaigns specifically for men and in rural areas.
Leather Industries Solid Waste Conversion to Organic Fertilizer through Vermicomposting: Utilization for Plant Growth
Authors: Abdulla-Al-Mamun Md. , Hossain Nazmul , Hossain Mohammad Iqbal , Sultana Rabeya 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The generation of leather industries' solid waste is a matter of concern in the present world for its potential polluting ability. This study has assessed intend vermicomposting of leather industries generated lime flesh and shaving waste through a mix with cattle dung using Eisenia fetida earthworm, aiming at sustainable reuse in agriculture. The chromium content of shaving waste was optimized and brought under 2 mg/kg using hydrogen peroxide with potassium carbonate treatment and lime flesh was treated with hydrochloric acid treatment. Treated shaving waste and lime flesh were mixed with cattle dung in a proportion portion of 1:1 and 2:1 in different vermicompost fields. After 30 days 40 Eisenia fetida were introduced in each field and vermicomposted for 90 days within 50% of moisture was maintained. The number of earthworms was observed notably increases in every bed of 1:1 portion of vermicompost and a higher 2:1 portion of waste remarkably attacked the growth of worms. The parameters of this study were analyses and the number of earthworms, pH, total organic carbon (TOC), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), carbon and nitrogen ratio (C: N), total potassium (TK) and total phosphorus (TP) readings were taken at 0, 30, 60 and 90 days respectively. The resulting composting in a substantial reduction of pH, TOC and the C: N ratio was notably decreased by approximately nine-fold and increases in TKN and TP were seen. A slight reduction of TK was also observed. The results show that the earthworm Eisenia fetida has been able to convert the lime flesh and shaving waste into nutrient-enriched fertilizer products in the same proportion of waste and cow dung. However, the resultant vermicompost was applied on the Napier grass plantation. The accumulation of heavy metal effect on plants was investigated systemically for eco-friendly plant growth. The composts and plants’ different parts were analyzed for heavy metals and those found under permissible limits recommended by WHO. It was found vermicompost enhanced the organic matter significantly and nutrients are also improved for better crop yield.
Identification of novel ceRNA networks associated with PD- L1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma based on whole-transcriptome sequencing
Authors: Han Xiao , Sun Qi , Lu Congxian , Zhang Mingjun , Wang Yaqi , Liu Jiahui , Guo Ying , Mou Yakui , Li Yumei , Song Xicheng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common and fatal cancer type worldwide. Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) plays an important role in tumor development and progression through circular RNAs (circRNAs). Therefore, in this study, we attempted to explore the mechanisms by which circRNA/miRNA/mRNA ceRNA networks regulate head and neck squamous cell carcinoma HNSCC.
Methods
The biopsy samples from patients with HNSCC were obtained intra-operatively before any therapeutic intervention. The expression profiles of circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs were performed using whole-transcriptome resequencing. Then, significantly differentially expressed circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs were screened out. The circRNA/miRNA/mRNA ceRNA networks were constructed based on the predicted circRNA–miRNA interactions and miRNA–mRNA interactions. After that, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were performed to elucidate the possible functions of mRNAs contained in the ceRNA network. Furthermore, the hub network was screened among the key pathways of enrichment analysis. Finally, the expression of RNAs in hub network were verified by QRT-PCR and the association between them was revealed by Spearman correlation analysis.
Results
A total of 421 circRNAs, 112 miRNAs, and 1074 mRNAs with differential expression were detected. Among these, the top 9 circRNAs, 28 miRNAs, and 334 mRNAs were screened to construct a ceRNA network. The KEGG signal pathway and GO enrichment analysis of 334 mRNAs showed that cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), amino acid metabolism and other related pathways, biological processes such as extracellular matrix histogenesis were significantly enriched. Among them, CD274 and other genes were mainly enriched in CAMs pathway. Ultimately, a subnetwork including hsa_circ_0044507, hsa_circ_0044517, hsa_circ_0026774, hsa-miR-4446-3p, and PD-L1 (CD274) was screened out. QRT-PCR validated that the expression of hsa_circ_0044507, hsa_circ_0044517, hsa_circ_0026774, and PD-L1 were significantly increased, and hsa-miR-4446-3p were expressed significantly less in tumor tissue than in adjacent tissue. Spearman correlation showed that the expression of hsa_circ_0044507, hsa_circ_0044517, hsa_circ_0026774 were negatively correlated with hsa-miR-4446-3p, and positively correlated with PD-L1.
Conclusion
CeRNA network including hsa_circ_0044507, hsa_circ_0044517, hsa_circ_0026774, hsa-miR-4446-3p, and PD-L1 may be key regulators for HNSCC, and may be potential targets for the pathogenesis and treatment development of HNSCC.
Study of lunar regolith harnessed during Apollo and Luna space programs based on Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Katzer Jacek , Kobaka Janusz 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A modern principal component analysis of the chemical properties of lunar soils was conducted. This multivariate statistics approach is currently easily available for scientists due to computing power unimaginable in 1970. Both American and Soviet results acquired during the Apollo and Luna missions were analysed and compared. The results were visualised in two and three-dimensional spaces. The key similarities and differences between the properties of the lunar soils were determined. The sources of possible differences in the properties of particular lunar soils were conceptualised. The directions of possible new research were defined.
How many mosquito nets are needed to reach universal coverage - an update
Authors: Koenker Hannah , Yukich Josh , Erskine Marcy , Opoku Robert , Sternberg Eleanore , Kilian Albert 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) have served as the cornerstone of malaria vector control in sub-Saharan Africa for the past two decades. Over 2.5 billion ITNs have been delivered since 2004 primarily through periodic mass distribution campaigns scheduled at approximately three-year intervals, aligning with the expected lifespan of nets. Recent work indicates that ITN retention times are less than two years in most countries, raising key questions for quantification approaches and delivery frequency for ITN distribution. This paper models several quantification approaches for five typical ITN distribution strategies, estimates the proportion of the population with access to an ITN, and presents recommended quantification approaches to meet global targets for ITN access and use. A stock and flow model with annual timesteps was used to model ITN distribution and resulting ITN access for 2020–2035 under five scenarios in 40 countries: 1) three-year mass campaigns, 2) full-scale annual continuous distribution, 3) three-year mass campaigns plus continuous distribution in the years between campaigns, 4) three-year mass campaigns at different quantification approaches, 5) two-year mass campaigns at different quantification approaches. All scenarios included ITN distribution to pregnant women at antenatal clinics and infants at immunization visits. The current status quo of conducting mass campaigns every three years using a population/1.8 quantifier is insufficient to achieve or maintain targets of 80% population access to ITNs in most malaria-endemic countries, given most estimated retention times are less than three years. Tailored three-year or two-year mass campaigns were less efficient than annual continuous distribution strategies in nearly all settings. Recommended quantifiers for annual continuous distributions ranged from population x 36% to population x 15% for countries with 1- and 3-year median retention times, respectively. Given variation in ITN retention times across countries, tailored quantification approaches for mass campaigns and continuous distribution strategies are warranted. The quantity of ITNs required to meet these goals are substantially larger than current plans. National programmes and their funding partners should work to increase the number of ITNs distributed to those vulnerable to malaria, while at the same time working to extend the useful life of these critical commodities.
A Sophisticated Ambulance Escort System
Authors: L Kiran , R Akash , T Shakthi Mahendra , N Swaroopa , Almas Prof. Muquitha 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Ambulatory services frequently become delayed at intersections because of gridlock or timed traffic signals. As a result, the ambulatory services could move more slowly or it might stay in its required place. A collision or a clog in the traffic might occur if the ambulance ever attempts to ignore an indication. Automated traffic control systems are suggested as a solution to this issue. A precise, cost-effective solution to save lives is what the system has been constructed to do when an approaching ambulatory services approaches; the system employs intelligent objects to recognize its siren, and it then stops traffic in other lanes of the junction to clear the way for the ambulatory services to pass.
Traffic congestion delays are responsible for 20% of emergency patient deaths each year. More than 50% of heart attack patients arrive at the hospital too late. The biggest problem is that nobody responds until the ambulance arrives, which makes it challenging for the ambulance to get where it needs to. In order to reduce these death rates. In today’s society, traffic, as the primary worry, is causing several challenges in everyday life. Apart from the usual difficulties of congestion, it seriously impedes the proper operation of ambulatory services. The rest of the automobiles must yield to ambulatory services. However, ambulatory services frequently miss their scheduled arrival times owing to unanticipated events or selfish drivers. Ambulatory services’ tardy arrival may put lives at jeopardy.
We developed a hybrid application to book the closest ambulance in order to decrease the time needed to travel from the ambulance stand-alone area to the location of the rescue patient.
Effects and potential resistance induced by imidacloprid and clothianidin insecticides in the German cockroach (Blatella germanica L.)
Authors: Konkala Anand , Kanthala Sampath , Narra Madhusudan Reddy 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Neonicotinoid pesticides have occupied one-third of the world’s insecticidal market in the last two decades. Their mimicking effects of imidacloprid and clothianidin on the target-neurotransmission system (AChE) and digestive oxidative and antioxidant enzymes have been evaluated in Blatella germanica. The cockroach brain's AChE activity decreased through the exposure period. The P450 monooxygenase enzyme, which is involved in a xenobiotic breakdown in endogenous metabolism and has adapted to toxic chemicals, has increased over time. This phenomenon indicates that the P450 enzyme is coupled with insecticides through the detoxification process. The elevated SOD, CAT and LPO levels indicate an increase in the scavenging activity of free radicals to overcome the IMI and CLO-caused oxidative alterations. Increasing GST was conjugated with decreasing GSH in phase II bio-transformation reactions, resulting in a defence against the stress of intoxication. Besides, IMI and CLO instigated elevated oxidative stress, as proved by elevated hydrolytic lysosomal enzyme phosphatases (ALP and ACP) and lactate dehydrogenase activities evident that the cockroach counteracted to overcome the insecticidal stress. The present investigation elucidates the fact that resistance performance against the effects of imidacloprid and clothianidin baits, indicating the potential involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, antioxidants, and a slight participation of esterase, has activated the detoxification system to metabolise endogenous insecticide architecture. Because of its chemical structure, clothianidin causes severe intoxication and less detoxification than imidacloprid.