bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health behaviors among head and neck cancer survivors
Authors: McMenamin Erin , Gottschalk Abigail Blauch , Pucci Donna A. , Jacobs Linda A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To determine to what extent head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors participate in health behaviors (HBs) recommended by the National Cancer Center Network (NCCN®).

Methods
Participants identified through the tumor registries at the Abramson Cancer Center (ACC), University of Pennsylvania and affiliated sites. Eligibility: (a) diagnosis and treatment HNC; (b) aged 18 to 70 years; (c) ≥ 1-year post-diagnosis; (d) human papillomavirus (HPV) status confirmed; (e) ability to understand written English. Potential participants received an explanation of the study, informed consent, self-reported questionnaire, and self-addressed stamped envelope.

Results
451 individuals eligible, 102 (23%) agreed to participate, HPV positive (74%). Current smoking rare (7%), historical use common (48%). Current alcohol use common (65%), average 2.1 drinks/day, 12 days/month. 22% binge drank with an average of 3.5 binge-drinking sessions per month. Nutritional behavior mean 7.1 (range 0–16), lower scores indicating better nutrition. Body mass index (BMI) 59% overweight/obese. Adequate aerobic exercise 59%, adequate strength and flexibility 64%. Leisure time activity, 18% sedentary, 19% moderately active, 64% active. All participants reported having a primary care physician, 92% seen in the previous 12 months.

Conclusions
Most HNC survivors participated in some HBs. Current smoking rarely reported, binge drinking and high BMI most common negative HBs. Opportunities remain to improve dietary and exercise behaviors.

Implications for cancer survivors
The NCCN® has outlined HBs that decrease likelihood of cancer survivors developing comorbidities that could impact overall survival. It is incumbent on healthcare providers to educate and encourage cancer survivors to participate in these HBs.
The invisible 800-pound gorilla: expertise can increase inattentional blindness
Authors: Robson Samuel G. , Tangen Jason M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPeople can fail to notice objects and events in their visual environment when their attention is engaged elsewhere. This phenomenon is known as inattentional blindness, and its consequences can be costly for important real-world decisions. However, not noticing certain visual information could also signal expertise in a domain. In this study, we compared professional fingerprint analysts and novices on a fingerprint matching task in which we covertly placed an image of a gorilla into one of the prints. This gorilla was either small, or large, but always embedded in a way that made it largely irrelevant to the primary task. We found that analysts were more likely than the novices to miss the large gorilla. We interpret this finding not as a flaw in how these experts make decisions, but most likely an expression of their expertise; instead of processing more information they filter out irrelevant information and constrain their attention to what is important.
Performance-linked visual feedback slows response times during a sustained attention task
Authors: Steinkrauss Ashley C. , Shaikh Anjum F. , O’Brien Powers Erin , Moher Jeff 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the present study, we tested a visual feedback triggering system based on real-time tracking of response time (RT) in a sustained attention task. In our task, at certain points, brief visual feedback epochs were presented without interrupting the task itself. When these feedback epochs were performance-linked—meaning that they were triggered because participants were responding more quickly than usual—RTs were slowed after the presentation of feedback. However, visual feedback epochs displayed at predetermined times that were independent of participants’ performance did not slow RTs. Results from a second experiment support the idea that this is not simply a return to baseline that would have occurred had the feedback not been presented, but instead suggest that the feedback itself was effective in altering participants’ responses. In a third experiment, we replicated this result across with both written word feedback and visual symbolic feedback, as well as in cases where the participant was explicitly told that the feedback was linked to their performance. All together, these data provide insight into potential mechanisms for detecting and disrupting lapses in sustained attention without interrupting a continuous task.
Association between leukocyte telomere length and COVID-19 severity
Authors: Mahmoodpoor Ata , Sanaie Sarvin , Eskandari Maqsoud , Behrouzi Nazila , Taghizadeh Majid , Roudbari Faranak , Emamalizadeh Babak , Sohrabifar Nasim , Kazeminasab Somayeh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Inter-individual variations in the clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection are among the challenging features of COVID-19. The known role of telomeres in cell proliferation and immune competency highlights their possible function in infectious diseases. Variability in telomere length is an invaluable parameter in the heterogeneity of the clinical presentation of diseases.

Result
In this study, our aim was to investigate the possible association between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and COVID-19 severity. LTL was measured in 100 patients with moderate and severe forms of COVID-19 using the quantitative PCR (q-PCR) method. Statistical analysis confirmed a strong inverse correlation between relative LTL and COVID-19 severity.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that LTL can be a useful parameter for predicting disease severity in patients, as individuals with short telomeres may have a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19.
Evidence versus expectancy: the development of psilocybin therapy
Authors: Rucker James J. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryAlthough the development of psilocybin therapy has come as a surprise to many, modern research with the drug has been ongoing for 25 years. Psilocybin therapy is composed of psilocybin dosing sessions embedded within a wider process of psychoeducation, psychological support and integration. Early phase clinical trial evidence is promising, particularly for treatment-resistant depression. However, masking probably fails and expectancy effects may be a part of the mechanism of change. Disambiguating between drug and expectancy effects is a necessary part of the development process, yet this is difficult if masking fails. Hitherto, masking and expectancy have not been routinely measured in psilocybin or other medication trials. Doing so represents an opportunity for research and may influence psychiatry more widely. In this opinion piece I summarise the clinical development process of psilocybin therapy thus far, discussing the hope, the hype, the challenges and the opportunities along the way.
White matter microstructure changes in adults with major depressive disorder: evidence from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Wu Gang , Mei Bohui , Hou Xiaofang , Wang Fukun , Zang Chen , Zhang Xiaoya , Zhang Zhenjiang 
Published: May 2023

Background
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious psychiatric disorder marked by low mood and anhedonia. Understanding the neural mechanism of MDD is essential for the treatment of depression. White matter fibres, connecting different computational units in the brain, have an important effect on brain function; however, the mechanism of white matter fibre abnormality in MDD is still unclear.

Aims
Our study expected to find white matter abnormalities associated with the frontal lobe and hippocampus in individuals with MDD.

Method
Using diffusion tensor imaging data and tract-based spatial statistics, we investigated the microstructural differences in white matter fibre tracts between 30 adults with MDD compared with 31 healthy controls, and calculated the association between MDD-related microstructural changes and illness duration.

Results
It was found that patients with MDD showed reduced fractional anisotropy in the genu and body of the corpus callosum, right corona radiata and part of the thalamic radiations, suggesting lower fibrous myelination levels in these regions; the decreased fractional anisotropy in these regions was associated with longer illness duration.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that MDD may be associated with microstructural damage of key fibre tracts, which could provide insights into the understanding and treatment of MDD.
The Burden of Obesity in Type 1 Diabetic Subjects: A Sex-specific Analysis From the AMD Annals Initiative
Authors: Giandalia Annalisa , Russo Giuseppina Tiziana , Ruggeri Patrizia , Giancaterini Annalisa , Brun Elisabetta , Cristofaro Mariarosaria , Bogazzi Anna , Rossi Maria Chiara , Lucisano Giuseppe , Rocca Alberto , Manicardi Valeria , Bartolo Paolo Di , Cianni Graziano Di , Giuliani Chiara , Napoli Angela 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
Obesity is a growing emergency in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Sex differences in obesity prevalence and its clinical consequences in adult T1D subjects have been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of obesity and severe obesity, clinical correlates, and potential sex differences in a large cohort of T1D subjects participating to the AMD (Associazione Medici Diabetologi) Annals Initiative in Italy.

Research Design and Methods
The prevalence of obesity [body mass index(BMI) ≥30 kg/m2] and severe obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) according to sex and age, as well as obesity-associated clinical variables, long-term diabetes complications, pharmacological treatment, process indicators and outcomes, and overall quality of care (Q-score) were evaluated in 37 436 T1D subjects (45.3% women) attending 282 Italian diabetes clinics during 2019.

Results
Overall, the prevalence of obesity was similar in the 2 sexes (13.0% in men and 13.9% in women; mean age 50 years), and it increased with age, affecting 1 out of 6 subjects ages &gt;65 years. Only severe obesity (BMI &gt;35 kg/m2) was more prevalent among women, who showed a 45% higher risk of severe obesity, compared with men at multivariate analysis. Cardiovascular disease risk factors (lipid profile, glucose, and blood pressure control), and the overall quality of diabetes care were worse in obese subjects, with no major sex-related differences. Also, micro- and macrovascular complications were more frequent among obese than nonobese T1D men and women.

Conclusions
Obesity is a frequent finding in T1D adult subjects, and it is associated with a higher burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors, micro- and macrovascular complications, and a lower quality of care, with no major sex differences. T1D women are at higher risk of severe obesity.
Approach to the Patient: Case Studies in Pediatric Growth Hormone Deficiency and Their Management
Authors: Henry Rohan K , Miller Bradley S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Context
Pathologies attributed to perturbations of the GH/IGF-I axis are among the most common referrals received by pediatric endocrinologists.

Aim
In this article, distinctive cased-based presentations are used to provide a practical and pragmatic approach to the management of pediatric growth hormone deficiency (GHD).

Cases
We present 4 case vignettes based on actual patients that illustrate (1) congenital GHD, (2) childhood GHD presenting as failure to thrive, (3) childhood GHD presenting in adolescence as growth deceleration, and (4) childhood-onset GHD manifesting as metabolic complications in adolescence. We review patient presentation and a management approach that aims to highlight diagnostic considerations for treatment based on current clinical guidelines, with mention of new therapeutic and diagnostic modalities being used in the field.

Conclusion
Pediatric GHD is diverse in etiology and clinical presentation. Timely management has the potential not only to improve growth but can also ameliorate or even mitigate adverse metabolic outcomes, which can be directly attributed to a GH deficient state.
Scleraxis-lineage cells are required for correct muscle patterning
Authors: Ono Yudai , Schlesinger Saundra , Fukunaga Kanako , Yambe Shinsei , Sato Tempei , Sasaki Takako , Shukunami Chisa , Asahara Hiroshi , Inui Masafumi 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Movement of the vertebrate body is supported by the connection of muscle, tendon and bone. Each skeletal muscle in the vertebrate body has a unique shape and attachment site; however, the mechanism that ensures reproducible muscle patterning is incompletely understood. In this study, we conducted targeted cell ablation using scleraxis (Scx)-Cre to examine the role of Scx-lineage cells in muscle morphogenesis and attachment in mouse embryos. We found that muscle bundle shapes and attachment sites were significantly altered in embryos with Scx-lineage cell ablation. Muscles in the forelimb showed impaired bundle separation and limb girdle muscles distally dislocated from their insertion sites. Scx-lineage cells were required for post-fusion myofiber morphology, but not for the initial segregation of myoblasts in the limb bud. Furthermore, muscles could change their attachment site, even after formation of the insertion. Lineage tracing suggested that the muscle patterning defect was primarily attributed to the reduction of tendon/ligament cells. Our study demonstrates an essential role of Scx-lineage cells in the reproducibility of skeletal muscle attachment, in turn revealing a previously unappreciated tissue–tissue interaction in musculoskeletal morphogenesis.
Género, violencia símbólica y cognición en niñas y niños preescolares. Una aproximación desde la antropología
Authors: Ojeda Martínez Rosa Icela 
Published: May 2023

Se presentan los resultados de una investigación de campo sobre la socialización del género en niñas y niños prescolares. Se analiza como este proceso implica el ejercicio de violencia simbólica por parte de las instituciones educativas. Por ejemplo, a través de la continua segregación por sexos. También se describe y se analiza el comportamiento social de los infantes en relación a las pautas que siguen de acuerdo a su género, la agresión, el uso estereotipado de los objetos que conforman el universo escolar, asi como las percepciones que tienen sobre lo que se contituye como propio de su género y el de los otros. Se concluye que el fenómeno de la construcción del género, en contextos escolares no solo implica procesos cognitivos, subjetivos y abstractos, sino que involucra acciones y practicas concretas que se traducen en inequidades entre las niñas y los niños.
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN INVESTASI JALAN TOL AKIBAT RESIKO KETERLAMBATAN PROYEK DAN KESALAHAN PREDIKSI LALU LINTAS (Studi Kasus: Jalan Tol Pejagan Pemalang)
Authors: Wahyudi Riski , Nahdalina Nahdalina 
Published: May 2023

Demand uncertainty and traffic forcase uncertainty can lead to inaccuracies in the estimation of the revenues which are supposed to cover construction, operation and maintenance of toll roads. In addition, the delay in construction projects results an increase in the planned execution time of the project and increased in construction costs. This study focuses on the effect of project delays and the risk of traffic prediction in toll road project investments. The basis of this research is find out impact of the risks in project to feasibility analysis, so that the changes in the value of the investment feasibility indicator in bisnis plan can be obtained. This study carried out using several technical economic methods to obtain the value of the investment feasibility indicator such as NPV, IRR, BCR and WACC. Pantura is the only one road which people use to move from Pejagan to Semarang. Therefore, an alternative road is needed to break traffic such as Pejagan-Pemalang Toll Road. Obtain from the calculation results, there are 4 risk comparison methods : analisis investmen according to business plan, project 2 years delay with business plan traffic, project on time with existing traffic after toll road operation and project 2 years delay with excisting traffic. The value of NPV, IRR and BCR after 2 years project delay with existing traffic are Rp6,541,793,515,548, 9.1%, 1.239 and 8,5%. After comparison, the risk of construction delay affects significant changes in IRR and BCR, while the error traffic prediction results in a large NPV change, and the error in traffic assumption is the most influential risk for finance in the Pejagan Pemalang toll road construction project.
TIPOLOGI RUANG INTERAKSI DI PERMUKIMAN NELAYAN TAMBAK LOROK KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Ramandhika Mirza 
Published: May 2023

Settlement as a container for community activities to settle there are 2 primary physical elements, namely the Solid element (building) and the Void element (open space). Public open space as a void element is a space that is not built up in an area of the city that is functioned for the aesthetics and welfare of its citizens, public open space must have a responsive, democratic, and meaningful character. The study was conducted based on the Qualitative paradigm with the main search technique was field observation, a theory which, supporting this research, was used as background knowledge. To find out the typology of the interaction space, an overall observation was carried out to divide the research area large enough into small units to simplify the process of research analysis. The location of the study, namely the Tambak Lorok Fishermen Settlement City of Semarang, at the overall observation stage found differences in the livelihoods of the population, increasingly in the middle of the settlements dominated by fishermen. Interaction space is influenced by physical and non-physical aspects, physical aspects related to the physical condition of the research area, non-physical aspects related to the social culture of the community. The research area is divided into 3 observation units, the TPI area, the Mooring Pier area, and the large mosque area. Differences in physical and non- physical aspects are believed to produce different typologies of interaction space. The determination of aspects of typological analysis is carried out by analysis based on findings in the field.rmukiman sebagai wadah dari kegiatan masyarakat untuk bermukim terdapat 2 elemen fisik primer, yaitu elemen Solid (bangunan) dan elemen Void (ruang terbuka). Ruang terbuka public sebagai elemen void merupakan ruang yang tidak terbangun dalam suatu area kota yang difungsikan untuk estetika, dan kesejahteraan warganya, ruang terbuka public harus memiliki karakter responsif, demokratis, dan bermakna. Penelitian dilakukan berdasarkan pada paradigma Kualitatif dengan teknik pencarian utama adalah observasi lapangan, teori yang ,mendukung penelitian ini digunakan sebagai background knowledge. Untuk mengetahui tipologi ruang interaksi dilakukan observasi keseluruhan untuk membagi daerah penelitian yang cukup besar menjadi unit kecil untuk mempermudah proses analisis penelitian. Lokasi penelitian, yaitu Permukiman Nelayan Tambak Lorok Kota Semarang, pada tahap observasi keseluruhan menemukan perbedaan mata pencaharian penduduk, semakin ke tengah permukiman didominasi oleh nelayan. Ruang interaksi dipengaruhi oleh aspek fisik dan non fisik, aspek fisik berkaitan dengan keadaan fisik area penelitian, aspek non fisik berkaitan dengan sosial budaya masyarakat. Area penelitian terbagi menjadi 3 unit amatan, area TPI, area Dermaga Tambat, dan area masjid besar. Perbedaan aspek fisik dan non fisik diyakini menghasilkan tipologi ruang interaksi yang berbeda. Penentuan aspek analisis tipologi dilakukan dengan analisis yang dilakukan berdasarkan temuan di lapangan.
ANALISIS PENGARUH CAMPURAN FLY ASH, SIKAMENT NN DAN SERBUK CaCO3 PADA BETON TERHADAP NILAI KUAT TEKAN AWAL BETON
Authors: Sofian Arsito , Ramadhan Aziz Bayu , Arrosyid Azwar 
Published: May 2023

Nowadays, the use of portland cement in concrete can pollute the environment because the pollution caused by portland cement factories. Therefore, the enviromentally friendly materials which have the properties of portland cement are needed to reduce the proportion of portland cement and at once can improve the quality and the characteristics of concrete. This study aimed to determine the increase of ealry compressive strength of concrete with added materials Sikament NN and fine powder of CaCO3 and fly ash. The innovation of admixtures that we use in order to subtitute the proportion of some portland cement are CaCO3 powder as type C admixture (accelerator) and Fly Ash type C with the precentage of each is 10% and 30% of the total weight of portland cement. In order to improve the workability of concrete, we use type E admixture (accelerator and water reducer) with the name of product is Sikament NN by 1,5% of the total weight of portland cement. The Mixing method used is SNI-03-6468-2000. The desired compressive strength of concrete with added materials CaCO3 powder, fly ash and sikament NN at age 1 day in mix design is 15,31 MPa and the slump value is 22,5 cm. the result showed that compressive strength of concrete at age 1 day with those admixtures is 17,19 MPa and the slump values is 23 cm. From the datas we know that concrete with added materials CaCO3 powder, fly ash and sikament NN can increase the early compressive strength about 12,3 %.
Wyścig kolonialny. Przedstawienie kolonializmu w grach planszowych
Authors: Poręba Izabela 
Published: May 2023

Jednym z popularnych tematów gier planszowych jest kolonializm jako zarówno tło historyczne dla growej narracji, jak i zbiór mitów, stereotypów i fantazmatów o imperialnej proweniencji. Wśród nich wskazać można: orientalne reprezentacje Innego, uprzywilejowanie europocentrycznej perspektywy, mityzowanie kolonizacji jako rozwoju cywilizacyjnego czy jej przedstawienie jako odkrywanie „ziemi niczyjej”. W artykule omówione zostały wybrane gry planszowe realizujące różne strategie ukazywania kolonialnej tematyki oraz mechaniki gier ekonomicznych i strategicznych. Celem pracy było również dotarcie do źródła nieporozumień co do zasadności lub niezasadności rozpatrywania gier planszowych w kategoriach etycznych.
Improved fractional Trudinger-Moser inequalities on bounded intervals and the existence of their extremals
Authors: Chen Lu , Wang Bohan , Zhu Maochun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Let

I

I

be a bounded interval of

R

{\mathbb{R}}

and

λ

1

(

I

)

{\lambda }_{1}\left(I)

denote the first eigenvalue of the nonlocal operator

(

−
Δ

)

1

4

{(-\Delta )}^{\tfrac{1}{4}}

with the Dirichlet boundary. We prove that for any

0
⩽
α
<

λ

1

(

I

)

0\leqslant \alpha \lt {\lambda }_{1}(I)

, there holds

sup

u
∈

W

0

1

2

,
2

(

I

)

,
‖

(

−
Δ

)

1

4

u

‖

2

2

−
α

∥

u

∥

2

2

≤
1

∫

I

e

π

u

2

d
x
<
+
∞
,

\mathop{\sup }\limits_{u\in {W}_{0}^{\frac{1}{2},2}(I),\Vert {\left(-\Delta )}^{\tfrac{1}{4}}u{\Vert }_{2}^{2}-\alpha {\parallel u\parallel }_{2}^{2}\le 1}\mathop{\int }\limits_{I}{e}^{\pi {u}^{2}}{\rm{d}}x\lt +\infty ,

and the supremum can be attained. The method is based on concentration-compactness principle for fractional Trudinger-Moser inequality, blow-up analysis for fractional elliptic equation with the critical exponential growth and harmonic extensions.