Development and Economic Evaluation of a Patient-Centered Care Model for Children With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Protocol for a Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Sirari Titiksha , Suthar Renu , Singh Amarjeet , Prinja Shankar , Gupta Vishwas , Malviya Manisha , Chauhan Akashdeep Singh , Sankhyan Naveen 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare progressive muscular disease that primarily affects boys. A lack of comprehensive care for patients living with DMD is directly associated with a compromised quality of life (QoL) for those affected and their caregivers. This disease also has a huge economic impact on families as its treatment requires substantial direct, indirect, and informal care costs.ObjectiveThis study presents a protocol developed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a patient-centered care (PCC) model for children with DMD. The care model was designed with the aim to empower families, improve QoL, and reduce economic burden on their families.MethodsThis study is planned as a quasi-experimental study that will enroll 70 consecutive families with boys (aged 5-15 years) with DMD visiting a tertiary care center. The study is being conducted in 2 phases (preintervention and postintervention phases, referred to as phase 1 and phase 2, respectively). During phase 1, the patients received routine care. The study is now in phase 2, with the intervention currently being administered. The intervention is based on the PCC model individualized by the intervention team. The model has a comprehensive DMD telecare component that includes teleconsultation as one of its key components to reduce in-person physician visits at the health facility. Teleconsultation is especially beneficial for late-ambulatory and nonambulatory patients. Data on economic burden are being collected for out-of-pocket expenses for both phases during in-person visits via telephone or messaging apps on a monthly basis. QoL data for patients and their primary caregivers are being collected at 3 time points (ie, time of enrollment, end of phase 1, and end of phase 2). Outcome measures are being assessed as changes in economic burden on families and changes in QoL scores.ResultsParticipant recruitment began in July 2021. The study is ongoing and expected to be completed by March 2023. The findings based on baseline data are expected to be submitted for publication in 2023.ConclusionsThis paper outlines a research proposal developed to study the impact of a PCC model for patients with DMD in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study is expected to provide evidence of whether a multicomponent, patient-centric intervention could reduce economic burdens on families and improve their QoL. The results of this study could guide policy makers and health professionals in India and other LMICs to facilitate a comprehensive care program for patients living with DMD. The economic impact of a rare disease is an important consideration to formulate or evaluate any health policy or intervention related to new treatments and financial support schemes.Trial RegistrationClinical Trials Registry India (ICMR-NIMS) CTRI/2021/06/034274; https://www.ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=56650International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/42491