bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Future and the ‘Second Sophistic’
Authors: Strazdins Estelle 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis introductory chapter sets the scene by establishing two aspects of elite Greek culture in the Roman empire that have been underexplored in scholarship and that will form the subject of the book. First, the Greek elite’s extensive production of and engagement with both literature and monuments. Second, how monumental permanence, the Greek institution of civic benefaction supported by Roman wealth and privilege, and the canon of great literature enabled and encouraged Greek elites to imagine their own future cultural relevance. The chapter thus argues for the need for an interdisciplinary examination of imperial Greek temporality with a particular focus on the future. Moreover, it situates the book within existing scholarship of the Second Sophistic, and establishes its scope, methodology, and central themes.
The Epitaphic Habit
Authors: Strazdins Estelle 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChapter 4 concentrates on imperial Greek fascination with inscriptions to explore how inscribed monuments are integrated into literary texts, analyse how these textualized memorials are used to construct new temporalities and commemorative meanings, and examine the commemorative deployment of physical inscriptions that act in analogous ways to the literary examples. The chapter argues that imperial Greeks use commemorative landscapes and the monuments embedded within them to create a context for their innovative, future-conscious artistic endeavours, and the temporal and cultural meanings they generate function socially and politically as much as culturally. The commemorative capacity of the artefacts examined is emphasized by how they are shaped by text or their physical context as epitaphic, whether they be boundary markers, altars, honorific inscriptions, or casualty lists. Tombs and epitaphs thus form a focus of discussion. The chapter falls into four main sections. The first establishes cultural influences on elite imperial Greeks in their literary engagement with monuments and the metaphoric application of the monumental to text, drawing especially on Aelius Aristeides’ Sacred Tales and Philostratos’ Lives of the Sophists. The second section probes literary and physical engagement with inscribed monuments that mark boundaries through Philostratos’ In Honour of Apollonius of Tyana, Lucian’s True Stories, and the portrait herms of Herodes Attikos. The final two sections examine, respectively, the literary and physical appropriation of cultural memory for one’s own commemorative purposes in Arrian’s Anabasis and Herodes Attikos’ villa at Loukou-Eva Kynouria.
Conclusion
Authors: Ben-Yishai Ayelet 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Conclusion reflects on the writing of the book during the Covid-19 pandemic to argue that, just as the Emergency was comprehended through the literary and non-literary genres in which it was written, so can states of emergency—as events and political/legal constructs—be understood in terms of genre. They are, after all, construed through a similar structure or template, with variation in the details of each iteration. States of emergency are predicated on a series of well-known tropes that mediate the unprecedented and the always-already. Thinking of states of emergency as a genre offers a novel and productive way to analyze individual historic events as well as the more general political phenomenon of states of emergency and the cultures that they draw upon and generate. Finally, the Conclusion argues that if the danger of literary genre-as-object is reification, then its correlate in thinking about the state-of-emergency-as-genre is normalization.
Rant on the Court Martial and Service Law
Authors: Blackett Jeff , Reed Darren 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This book is the most comprehensive analysis of the Service Justice System and is an essential guide for practitioners in the Court Martial and Service Courts. Since the publication of the third edition there have been three quinquennial reviews of the Service Justice System. This fourth edition provides a comprehensive update and reflects the changes introduced by the Armed Forces Acts 2011, 2016, and 2021. As well as providing practical and technical information, it also provides insights into, and commentary on, the rationale for changes. The most significant changes have been introduced by the 2021 Act but not all have been brought into force. A new chapter 10 summarizes those changes, cross referencing the law as it currently stands, so that the book will remain relevant as, and when, they are introduced.
Towards a Metaphysics of Membership
Authors: Collins Stephanie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses two questions. First, what is the metaphysical relation between organizations and their members? Second, how can we account for organizations’ existence as material objects? It aims to address the second question by answering the first question. The chapter argues that the relations of supervenience, causation, and anchoring cannot capture the relation between an organization and its members. Each of these relations holds between an organization and a large number of non-members; therefore, these relations cannot capture what is distinctive of the organization–member relation. The chapter argues that members are most centrally mereological parts of organizations, though it’s also true that some facts about members ground some facts about organizations. The primary relation between members and organizations is, therefore, a relation of mereology, such that organizations’ materiality resides in their members and organizations are located wherever their members are located.
Varieties of Organizational Blameworthiness
Authors: Collins Stephanie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter defends organizations’ blameworthiness through three different lenses: the volitionist lens, the attributivist lens, and the aretaic lens. Each lens focuses on a different aspect of a wrongful entity. The volitionist lens focuses on the will, choices, or intentions of the entity. The attributivist lens focuses on the entity’s evaluative attitudes, over which the entity might never have made a choice. The aretaic lens focuses not on what an entity chooses or values, but on what an entity is—specifically, on an entity’s character flaws or vices. The volitionist lens has been dominant in the literature on group blameworthiness; therefore, the contribution of this chapter is to demonstrate that the attributivist and aretaic lenses are just as applicable to organizations. The chapter works through each of these lenses in turn, arguing that each lens can be used to render organizations blameworthy.
How Members Are Implicated
Authors: Collins Stephanie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter begins by acknowledging that all members are implicated in organizational wrongdoing, in a broad sense of ‘implicated’. However, we often want to differentiate among members, when holding them blameworthy for their connection to organizations’ wrongdoing. To aid this, the chapter provides a taxonomy of the ways in which members can be implicated in the wrongs of their organizations. First, members can be implicated as enactors, which includes ‘principle enactors’ and ‘complicitous enactors’. Second, members can be implicated as endorsers, which involves endorsing an organizational goal, where wrong occurred as part of the organization’s reasonably predictable pursuit of that goal. Third, members can be implicated as omitters, when they fail to take feasible steps to perform their role in a way that pushes against organizational wrong.
Introduction
Authors: Oldfield Paul 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The introduction provides an overview of the key research questions framing the study and sets out the methodology adopted for the present study. It explains the range and utility of the extant corpus of Pugliese documentation and discusses the modern historiography, both on medieval Puglia and on the study of memory, charters, and documentary culture. It establishes the value of analysing charters and documents as important evidence for the preservation and projection of memory and historical narratives that are often not captured in other sources. The introduction also includes an extended contextual discussion of the wider political, social, and religious history of Puglia across the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.
Iuratus et Interrogatus
Authors: Oldfield Paul 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the emergence of inquest and consultation, directed by the monarchy, as a tool which required the reactivation of histories both collective and individual. This mode of inquiry about the past accelerated dramatically from the 1230s, in line with an intensified impetus from the monarchy/empire to build institutional memory and to manage knowledge. The chapter explores all extant evidence of inquests conducted in Puglia and focuses in detail on two of the more extensively documented cases: the Troia–Foggia inquest of the 1220s and the Quaternus De Excandenciis Capitanate (produced between 1248 and 1250) produced for the Capitanata region in northern Puglia.
Definitions of Religion
Authors: Holden Thomas 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines Hobbes’s notorious definition of religion in Leviathan (1651/1668) together with the rather different definition given in De Homine (1658). Although the two definitions are not co-extensive, I argue that they do not contradict one other. Rather, each belongs to a different frame of analysis, the one descriptive and natural-historical, the other prescriptive and rational. Each defines a different kind of mental state or behavior, and each serves a different purpose in Hobbes’s overall system.
Types of interactives
Authors: Heine Bernd 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTaking issue with traditional classifications of interjections, the chapter discusses the ten types of expressions distinguished in interactive grammar, namely attention signals, directives, discourse markers, evaluatives, ideophones, interjections, response elicitors, response signals, social formulae, and vocatives. After having established interactive grammar as a category distinct from sentence grammar in Chapter 1 on the basis of seven definitional properties, Chapter 3 discusses each of the types in detail, pointing out their main characteristics. Special attention is paid, on the one hand, to the place occupied by ideophones, which have in previous work been separated from other types of interactives such as interjections (Section 3.5). On the other hand, the chapter analyzes the role played by interactives in human communication with that in communication with animals (Section 3.11).
The status of interactives
Authors: Heine Bernd 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChapter 6 has a focus on the ontological status of interactive grammar, describing it as a linguistic and conceptual domain on its own. The chapter is concerned more generally with questions that have plagued previous research, namely what the place of interactives is in the overall space of grammar and discourse, and with whether interactives qualify as ‘words,’ as a ‘system,’ or as ‘marginalia.’ The conclusion drawn is that interactive grammar can in fact be understood to form a system, namely one that is far from being marginal or peripheral, being mutually complementary with sentence grammar. Finally, Section 6.6 summarizes general properties of interactives, suggesting that these properties might reflect an archaic design feature of human language evolution.
(Re)constructing a ‘Good’ School
Authors: Pradhan Uma 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
On 25 April 2015, a massive earthquake measuring 7.8 on the Richter scale hit Nepal. More than 16,000 schools, about half of the country’s total, were damaged or destroyed. Disaster of this magnitude disproportionately affected the state education system, with government schools accounted for 92 per cent of the total damage. This chapter analyses the reconstruction of government schools, after the 2015 earthquake, to understand how new school structures contribute to shape educational experiences and education governance. Drawing on the ethnographic fieldwork in a government school in Nepal, this chapter will explore how the rebuilding of the schools shapes discourses around the nature of education, especially given the prevailing narrative of failing government education system in Nepal. These shiny new ‘resort-like’ buildings play an important role in shaping the aspirations of the teachers, parents, and students; albeit in different ways. These aspirations are utilized to make a variety of changes: entrance exams for admission, selection of student, the introduction of new textbooks, the emphasis on English language, etc. Using post-crisis reconstruction as an analytical space, this chapter elaborates on how physical infrastructures can function as spaces for the governance of everyday life at school. Within this framework, infrastructure and its design reveal both visible and invisible ways in which physical objects are inextricably linked with the meanings that they bring to social lives.
Introduction
Authors: Richtarik Marilynn 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The introduction opens with a brief discussion of Lucy Caldwell’s novel All the Beggars Riding, which explores metaphorically the experience of living in the aftermath of Northern Ireland’s late-twentieth-century Troubles and suggests that fiction can play an important role in truth-seeking and the cultivation of empathy. It then describes the genesis and development of Getting to Good Friday, which represents the author’s attempt to answer for herself the question of how peace was made in Northern Ireland. As a literary scholar, she conducted her investigation through texts that had long been significant to her but whose import shifted as she became more aware of the circumstances under which they had been written. The most distinctive feature of the book is the way the author employs literary analysis to illuminate historical events and processes. The introduction discusses personal connections between politicians such as John Hume and Martin McGuinness and writers whose work is discussed in the book and highlights the important role that non-literary creative writing played in the peace process. While acknowledging present-day criticisms of the Belfast/Good Friday Agreement, it emphasizes the Agreement’s most important accomplishment: ending thirty years of politically motivated violence in Northern Ireland. It then defines important terms used in the book (such as ‘unionist’, ‘nationalist’, ‘republican’, and ‘loyalist’) and introduces Northern Ireland’s largest political parties and their leaders during the peace process before summarizing the book’s chapters. The book itself cannot be so neatly summarized, but its form testifies to its author’s faith in narrative as a means of comprehending complexity.
Understanding
Authors: Richtarik Marilynn 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chapter Two (‘Understanding’) concerns attempts by constitutional nationalists, some republican leaders, and the British and Irish governments, from 1986 through 1994, to convince the IRA to end its military campaign. It examines key issues involved, with reference to works by Seamus Heaney and Michael Longley which approach the then contemporary politics of Northern Ireland through the classics. Heaney’s The Cure at Troy (1990), a Northern Irish vernacular version of a Sophocles play, centres on the feud between the Greek hero Philoctetes and former comrades who abandoned him on their way to the Trojan War. The chapter argues that their rapprochement can be interpreted as a metaphor for the uniting of republicans and constitutional nationalists at this time, although unionist allegorical readings are equally plausible. It also highlights the hope and anxiety that seized Northern Ireland’s people during the lead-up to the IRA’s ‘cessation of military operations’ in August 1994 through Longley’s Homeric poem ‘Ceasefire’, suggesting that the title of Longley’s poem (its only topical feature) perfectly encapsulates the uncertainty of the moment.
Repeating
Authors: Richtarik Marilynn 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chapter Four (‘Repeating’) examines Bernard MacLaverty’s novel Grace Notes (1997), about a female composer from Northern Ireland, to shed light on the political impasse over IRA decommissioning that persisted for several years after the 1994 ceasefires. The novel contains some overt political commentary—the composer, a Catholic like MacLaverty, writes music that incorporates traditional Protestant drums, thus weaving a symbol of unionist oppression of the Catholic minority into a harmonious representation of Northern Irish identity. However, most of the book seems more personal in nature, focusing on the protagonist’s difficult relationships with her mother, dead father, and the father of her child. Set at an unspecified time in the 1980s, Grace Notes refers only obliquely to the Troubles and not at all to the peace process. Nonetheless, it reflects through its form the tensions of the period in which it was written (1994–1996), with personal interactions serving as metaphors for the tense political situation and the kind of honest and respectful communication that would be required to improve it. The narrative sections of this chapter introduce another important historical figure: David Trimble, who would go on to lead the Ulster Unionist Party in the negotiations and head the first power-sharing government created by the Belfast Agreement. However, these actions could hardly have been predicted in the period covered by Chapter Four, when Trimble rose to prominence as a spokesman for hardline unionists during the contentious Drumcree standoffs of 1995 and 1996.
Placing the Frontier in British North-East India
Authors: Ray Reeju 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This book is about the entanglements between colonial law and spatiality, and indigenous place-making in the frontiers in British India. The book shows that colonial law was central to the spatial transformation of the Himalayan borderland region into a frontier space. It demonstrates material conditions and discursive processes through which the frontier was produced as a particular type of political-legal space. The book will follow law’s movement—its ebb and flow—into such spaces through practices of border-making, jurisdiction, and colonial knowledge. The book unravels the mechanisms of colonial law in geographical ordering of the frontier and the concomitant identification of inhabitants as ‘tribal’. Colonial governance through law was enabled by a plural legal order of colonial regulatory formulations and local customs and customary authority. Arguing against the established notion that a legal plural order allowed autonomy and coexistence between local rulers and colonial administrators, this book shows how plurality in fact entrenched colonial power and enabled severe forms of legally sanctioned violence. The book is also concerned with changes in lived experiences of inhabitants of the frontier space. Place-making by inhabitants of the colonial frontier demonstrates the heterogeneous narratives of self, and belonging found in sites of orality, and kinship, that shape the hills in the present day.
Frontiers of Law
Authors: Ray Reeju 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines colonial encounters in the frontier hills through signing of contracts and agreements, the contingent and strategic use of British laws and regulations, and corresponding ambiguities in colonial legal policy. The use of special regulations and severe violence was justified by the categorization of the hills as exceptional legal zones and their inhabitants as hill tribals. The chapter shows categories such as ‘hill tribal’ and ‘frontier’ as concomitantly legal, spatial, and temporal. The chapter describes the entwined colonial discourses on primitive societies and frontier spaces that allowed for ambiguous legal policies and legally sanctioned violence. This chapter also discusses the production of the British geographical and cartographic knowledge. Military advances, colonial law, and cartographic surveys were overlapping and simultaneous processes in the frontier hills. Legal and geographical discourses worked hand in glove to administrate frontier spaces and expand colonial jurisdiction into non-British territories. In these ways, the chapter explores the relationship between law-making and frontier-making.
Colonial Governance and Customary Authority
Authors: Ray Reeju 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
By the second half of the nineteenth century, changes in imperial attitudes throughout the colony were reflected in changing policies vis-à-vis frontier hill polities. The 1858 mandate of Queen Victoria declared a new policy of non-interference in the affairs of princely states and pledged to uphold customary laws and practices. Along the frontier, the importance placed on custom and customary authority resulted in further entrenchment of colonial power in the so-called non-British territories. This chapter demonstrates colonial expansion by examining the changing form of agreements signed with local authorities or chiefs in the Khasi hills. The renewed Sanads signed between the colonial government and local chiefs allowed the former to interfere in the successions of the latter. Through an examination of succession disputes and a massive archive of petitions, reports, and correspondence, this chapter shows the different and changing meanings of custom and customary authority, and the corresponding masculinization of land and proprietary rights. Unlike in Punjab, codification of custom was not the only way patriarchal power was entrenched in negotiations between colonial administrators and local authorities.
‘Tribes of Trees’ and ‘Economical Geology’
Authors: Ray Reeju 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The entanglements between conquest through law and through colonial knowledge production on the frontier are examined in this chapter. Colonial knowledge on the frontier hills represented the landscapes, plants, rocks, and people as quantifiable data. The hills provided rich ‘fields’ for scientists, botanists, geologists, anthropologists, and linguists. Scientifically mapped primitivism connected local knowledge with global circuits of knowledge, rendering space and its people as marginal and abstract. This chapter describes the links between different disciplinary studies including botany, geology, linguistics, and anthropology to show their commensurability in producing a frontier imagination. It also illustrates efforts to domesticate the frontier hills by analysing the shifting foci of imperial knowledge over the course of the nineteenth century from geography, geology, and botany in the first half of the nineteenth century to anthropology and ethnography in the second half. By centring the questions of knowledge production this chapter provides an important link between the politico-legal aspect of spatialization that forms the core of the book so far and the intricacies of place-making by inhabitants of these hills discussed in the following chapters.