bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yuan Hanedanı’nda İpek Tedarik Yöntemleri, Vergi ve Tahsisatları
Authors: Coşkun Derya , Oğuz Anıl Yasin 
Published: August 2023

Dünya tarihinin en eski ticaret güzergâhı olarak bilinen İpek yolu; ticari, dinî ve kültürel anlamda meydana gelen etkileşim ve değişimlerin ana arteri durumundadır. Faklı coğrafyalarda yaşayan insanların gereksinimlerine bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan bu yol, adını ticareti yapılan ipekten almışsa da değerli eşya ve malların yine bu yol vasıtasıyla farklı ülkelere gönderildiği bilinmektedir. Bu nedenledir ki Avrasya boyunca cereyan eden doğu-batı sentezi içerisinde, farklı etnik köken ve kültürlerin etkileşimi belirgin düzeyde hissedilmektedir. Özellikle Moğol İmparatorluğu Dönemi (1206-1294) çoğu zaman toplulukların farklı coğrafyalara göçürüldüğü, dünyanın iki ucu sayılabilecek Uzak Doğu ve Orta Doğu’nun kültürel manada önemli alışverişlerde bulunduğu bir dönemdi.
Eski devirlerden beri insanoğlunun dikkatini çeken ipek, insanların statüsü ve zenginliği hususunda belirgin bir rol oynamıştır. Maddi değerinden olsa gerek lüks bir meta olarak kabul edilip belirli bir vergi sistemine tabi tutulmuştur. Moğol İmparatorluğu Dönemi’nde (602-693/1206-1294) özellikle üretiminin en yoğun yaşandığı Çin’den hane temelli olmak üzere özel ipek vergileri toplanmaya başlanmıştır. Öyle ki Moğol Dönemi Çin’inde bazı aileler “ipek hanesi” (絲戶) adı altında diğer ailelerden ayrıştırılmıştır. Moğolların da ayrıca önem verdiği ipek vergisi Kuzey Çin’in muhtelif bölgelerinden “beş hane ipeği” (五戶絲) adı altında ham ipek vergileri olarak alınmaya başlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda değerlendirildiğinde makale, Moğolların Çin’den almış oldukları yıllık vergileri ve ipek tahsisatlarını konu edinmektedir.
The Origin of Star Formation in Early-type Galaxies Inferred from Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy
Authors: Lee Yun Hee , Hwang Ho Seong , Hwang Narae , Lee Jong Chul , Kim Ki-Beom 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We investigate the origin of star formation activity in early-type galaxies with current star formation using spatially resolved spectroscopic data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We first identify star-forming early-type galaxies from the SDSS sample, which are morphologically early-type but show current star formation activity in their optical spectra. We then construct comparison samples with different combinations of star formation activity and morphology, which include star-forming late-type galaxies, quiescent early-type galaxies, and quiescent late-type galaxies. Our analysis of the optical spectra reveals that the star-forming early-type galaxies have two distinctive episodes of star formation, which is similar to late-type galaxies but different from quiescent early-type galaxies with a single star formation episode. Star-forming early-type galaxies have properties in common with star-forming late-type galaxies, which include stellar population, gas and dust content, mass, and environment. However, the physical properties of star-forming early-type galaxies derived from spatially resolved spectroscopy differ from those of star-forming late-type galaxies in the sense that the gas in star-forming early-type galaxies is more concentrated than their stars, and is often kinematically misaligned with stars. The age gradient of star-forming early-type galaxies also differs from those of star-forming late-type galaxies. Our findings suggest that the current star formation in star-forming early-type galaxies has an external origin including galaxy mergers or accretion gas from the cosmic web.
Modeling the Multiwavelength Evolution of the V960 Mon System
Authors: Carvalho Adolfo S. , Hillenbrand Lynne A. , Hambsch Franz-Josef , Dvorak Shawn , Sitko Michael , Russell Ray W. , Hammond Victoria , Connelley Michael , Ashley Michael C. B. , Hankins Matthew J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We study the evolution of the FU Ori object V960 Mon since its outburst, using available multiwavelength photometric time series over 8 yr, complemented by several epochs of moderate-dispersion spectrophotometry. We find that the source fading can be well-described by a decrease in the temperature of the inner disk, which results from a combination of decreasing accretion rate and increasing inner disk radius. We model the system with a disk atmosphere model that produces the observed variations in multiband photometry (this paper) and high-resolution spectral lines (a companion paper).
The ASV Portal Allows for Efficient Handling of DNA Derived Data in the Living Atlas
Authors: Prager Maria , Lundin Daniel , Ronquist Fredrik , Andersson Anders 
Published: August 2023

The Living Atlas platform functions as the national hub for integration of biodiversity data with environmental and contextual information in many countries, but it has had limited functionality for species occurrence data derived from DNA sequences. Meanwhile, molecular methods for species observation, such as metabarcoding of environmental DNA, are becoming increasingly important for documenting the diversity of life. To incorporate this rapidly growing data source into the platform, we developed the Amplicon Sequence Variant (ASV) portal: a web interface for DNA sequence-derived observations in the Living Atlas.
We identified three key features that would enhance the utility of the atlas platform for species occurrence data derived from metabarcoding: 1) storage of the processed barcode sequences (ASVs) underlying such occurrences, along with the ability to locate them using sequence alignment search; 2) the option to search for data based on sequencing details, such as target genes and primers; and 3) the possibility to update the taxonomic annotation of observed ASVs as reference databases evolve.
In this presentation, we demonstrate how these features have been implemented in the ASV portal, which now operates as a module within the Swedish Biodiversity Data Infrastructure (SBDI). We provide a brief overview of the underlying architecture and its integration with the Living Atlas and Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) platforms, showcase the online functionality, and conclude by discussing challenges and future development plans.
The relationship between statin therapy and adipocytokine/inflammatory mediators in dyslipidemic nondiabetic patients: A comparative study
Authors: Al-hussaniy Hany A. , Al-Shammari Ahmed Hamza , Naji Sameer Hayder , Oraibi Amjad I. 
Published: August 2023

Background: Statins have emerged as a vital therapeutic option for dyslipidemia, effectively reducing morbidity and mortality in individuals with various medical conditions. Recent research has shed light on the intricate pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, which involves lipid accumulation and inflammatory mediators. This research was conducted to assess the correlation between statin therapy and adipocytokine and inflammatory mediator levels in dyslipidemic nondiabetic patients.
Methods: A total of 67 dyslipidemic nondiabetic patients were enrolled, alongside 33 healthy controls. The participants were categorized into three groups: Group (A), comprising patients undergoing statin therapy (n = 34), Group (B), consisting of patients not receiving statin therapy (n = 33); and Group (C), comprising healthy controls (n = 33).
Results: Patients not receiving statin therapy exhibited significant dyslipidemic profiles compared to patients undergoing statin therapy and healthy controls. Levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were higher in patients not receiving statin therapy. Serum levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) were higher in the statin group than in the non-statin group and controls. Additionally, PCSK9 levels were higher in patients treated with rosuvastatin than those treated with atorvastatin. Conversely, levels of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) were lower in the statin group compared to the non-statin group and controls. Although no significant difference in RBP4 levels between atorvastatin and rosuvastatin users was found, atorvastatin displayed lower RBP4 values. The study also revealed lower C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the statin group, primarily in the rosuvastatin subgroup, compared to the non-statin group.
Conclusion: Statin therapy increased PCSK9 levels, with a more pronounced rise observed in patients treated with rosuvastatin than atorvastatin. Statin therapy proved protective by reducing RBP4 and CRP levels in dyslipidemic nondiabetic patients.
Forest Bird Populations at the Big Island National Wildlife Refuge Complex, Hawai‘i
Authors: Kendall Steven J. , Rounds Rachel A. , Camp Richard J. , Genz Ayesha S. , Cady Thomas , Ball Donna L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Endemic Hawaiian forest birds have experienced dramatic population declines. The Big Island National Wildlife Refuge Complex (Refuge Complex) was established for the conservation of endangered forest birds and their habitats. Surveys have been conducted at two units of the Refuge Complex to monitor forest bird populations and their response to management actions. We analyzed survey data from 1987 to 2019 at the Hakalau Forest Unit (HFU) and from 1995 to 2019 at the Kona Forest Unit (KFU). We analyzed three strata at HFU: open-forest, closed-forest, and afforested-pasture, and two strata at KFU: upper (&gt;1,524 m elevation) and lower (&lt;1,524 m). In all years, ‘i‘iwi Vestiaria coccinea, ‘apapane Himatione sanguinea, and Hawai‘i ‘amakihi Chlorodrepanis virens virens were the most abundant species at HFU. Three endangered forest bird species, Hawai‘i ‘ākepa Loxops coccineus, ‘alawī Loxops mana (also known as Hawai‘i creeper) and ‘akiapōlā‘au Hemignathus wilsoni, had much lower densities. The most abundant species at KFU was ‘apapane, followed by Hawai‘i ‘amakihi at much lower densities. We found a continuation of several trends observed in previous analyses at HFU up to 2012, with most species’ trends upward in afforested-pasture stratum, stable in the open-forest stratum, and downward in the closed-forest stratum. However, more species were showing downward trends in all three strata during the most recent decade. Results were mixed at KFU, with most species’ trends downward in the upper stratum and upward in the lower stratum. Populations of endangered species were either locally extirpated at KFU or in numbers too low to reliably estimate population abundance. The Refuge Complex is important for conservation of forest birds on Hawai‘i Island. Our results show that HFU supports the majority of three endangered forest bird species. Threats to forest birds at the Refuge Complex appear to be having a negative impact. These threats include habitat loss, disease, feral ungulates, and nonnative predators. Continuing and enhancing management actions, such as forest restoration and removal of invasive species, could help mitigate these impacts and allow the Refuge Complex to remain a key site for forest bird conservation in Hawai‘i.
Prescription analysis emphasizing on medication adherence of antibiotics for lower respiratory tract infection
Authors: Nyamagoud Sanatkumar Bharamu , Swamy A H M Viswanatha , S P Anchu , Gaitonde Sonia S , Johnson Jaison M , Hegadal Vishwanath 
Published: August 2023

Antibiotics are choice of drugs in patients with respiratory infections. Irrational use of antibiotics is an important public health issue faced on daily basis by the community and the individual. Keeping this in consideration, the current study investigates the prescription pattern of antibiotics in lower respiratory tract infection in general population.The objectives of the study include prescription pattern analysis of antibiotics for LRTIs in general population and to evaluate adherence to antibiotic treatment. This was a hospital based prospective observational study conducted between November 2021 to April 2022 in the department of general medicine and pediatrics. Compliance to various antibiotics was scrutinized by using MMAS 4 scale. Patient demographics, laboratory details, prescribed antibiotics, duration of hospital stay were gathered over a period of 6 months.A total of 200 patients were involved in the study, out of which 53% were males and 47% were females. A total of 2127 drugs were prescribed in 200 patients (10.6 drugs/prescription). Ceftriaxone was the most commonly used antibiotic followed by azithromycin and piperacillin/tazobactam. The most frequently diagnosed disease was Bronchopneumonia (41%) followed by A/E COPD (28%). Evaluation of medication adherence resulted in 58% high and 11% poor adherence. The number of antibiotics prescribed was found to be rational but prevalence of polypharmacy should be prevented. Medication adherence decreases as the frequency of antibiotic increases, so it is recommended to lower the frequency of drugs as possible to enhance the compliance.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Goel Divya , Grover I.P.S. 
Published: August 2023

Objectives:
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted teaching in a variety of institutions, especially in medical schools. Online learning became the main method of teaching during the COVID pandemic. After 12 weeks of online teaching and online learning, a study was conducted to know about the student’s perception regarding online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
A study was conducted by distributing an online questionnaire to medical students. At the end of the survey, summarized data from a google spreadsheet were analyzed. Descriptive statistics and t-test analysis were used for data analysis.

Results:
Overall, 460 students answered the questionnaire. According to the respondents’ answers, the main advantages of online learning were the ability to stay safely at home (68.56%), meet academic requirements (26.65%), and the opportunity to beat the boredom of lockdown (4.79%). The majority of respondents chose a lack of interactions with teachers (59.52%). Overall, 51.74% respondents did not want online learning to continue after the COVID pandemic.

Conclusions:
Online learning is a powerful tool for teaching medical students. However, for its successful implementation, a well-thought-out plan and a more active approach is required.
Degree of Hearing Threshold in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hernández Alvarado Emmanuel Salvador , Román Marín Laura Melissa , Cuellar Ramos Carlos Alberto , Vieyra Reyes Patricia , Mendieta Zerón Hugo , Trujillo Condes Virgilio Eduardo 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to multiple chronic complications in the body including sensory functions.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to determine the hearing threshold in middle-aged patients with T2DM and categorize it according to the presence or absence of hearing loss.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective, cross-sectional study was performed with 40 patients with T2DM (mean age 58 ± 8.6 years and mean time of T2DM evolution 11.9 ± 8.2 years) and 40 nondiabetic subjects (mean age of 52.4 ± 10.9 years). Pure tone audiometry was performed with a Grason-Stadler GSI 18 screening audiometer, 11 frequencies (0.125–8 kHz) were evaluated and classified as low, medium, and high. Hearing loss was defined as a hearing threshold >20 decibels (dB) and was classified as: mild: 21–40 dB, moderate: 41–70 dB, severe: 71–90 dB, and profound: > 90 dB.

Results:
Compared to the control group, diabetic patients presented a significant increase in the hearing threshold at medium (P < 0.05) and high (P < 0.0001) audiometric frequencies. When hearing loss was present, it was almost entirely mild (>80%) in the control group, whereas diabetic patients presented moderate, severe, and even profound levels of hearing loss. A linear correlation was found between the diagnosis time of T2DM and the degree of hearing loss at high frequencies (P = 0.04) as well as at medium frequencies (P = 0.01).

Conclusions:
T2DM affects hearing from the early stages of the disease; routine evaluation of hearing function should be considered in this population.
Stop Frightening and Start Donating
Authors: Shahani Waseem , Anwar Nida , Fatima Naveena , ul Mujtaba Haya , Shamsi Tahir 
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives:
One of the observed fears that keep people hesitant to donate blood is anemia. We conducted this study to investigate the hemoglobin (Hb) level post donation in first-time donors and compared it with healthy nondonor group.

Methods:
An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2018 to December 2018 after approval from the institutional ethics committee. There were two study groups: Group 1 which included donors who donated blood as per the National Blood Donor Policy. Group 2 comprised gender matched healthy participants. Laboratory investigations included complete blood counts. Informed consent was taken from participants of both the groups. Anemia was defined as Hb of <14 g/dl in males and <12 g/dl in females. SPSS version 23.0 was used for inferential statistics.

Results:
A total of 928 donations were included, with 9 (1%) females and 919 (99%) males. Out of 919 male donors, 601 (65%) were donating blood for the first time. Out of 601 first-time donors, 175 (29%) participants were recruited for analysis. An equal number of gender-matched healthy nondonor participants were included in the analysis. The age range was 18–55 years in both the groups. Independent t-test was applied, and the mean difference in Hb level in both the groups was found statistically nonsignificant (P = 0.713).

Conclusion:
Our study revealed a similar mean Hb level in both the groups. Some other factors we encountered were scarcity of voluntary and female participation in blood donation.
Comparison of Two Techniques Used for the Evaluation of Point-of-Care Methodology for Testing Hemoglobin in Blood Donors
Authors: Ranjan Vivek , Rana Rashmi , Kant Ravi , Khillan Kamini 
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives:
Precise measurement of Haemoglobin(Hb) is necessary before the blood donation procedure for donor's protection against anemia and to ensure blood elements' quality to ensure the better effect of these blood constituents on the clinical outcomes of recipients. This is a comparative analysis of DiaSpect Tm and AccuSure hemoglobin (Hb) for point-of-care technique (POCT) for testing of Hb and to evaluate their effectivness by using venous blood as sample and Sysmex XP100 cell counter as the reference method.

Methods:
A total of 544 samples of blood donors between the age group 18 and 65 years were taken for this study. Measurement of Hb was done with the use of three different Hb analyzers – DiaSpect Tm, AccuSure Hb (Model HB101), and Sysmex XP100 Cell counter by using venous blood samples. P < 0.001 was taken statistically significant.

Results:
AccuSure Hb was found to have lower sensitivity in Hb estimation in the donor's blood compared to that of the DiaSpect Tm analyzer. Among various available techniques, there is a requirement to find a more appropriate technique for the estimation of Hb in the donor's blood.

Conclusion:
We found that DiaSpect Tm has greater sensitivity in comparison to AccuSure Hb. Furthermore, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of DiaSpect Tm were greater in comparison to those of AccuSure Hb.
Alloimmunization to Erythrocyte Antigens in Patients Receiving Multiple Blood Transfusions
Authors: Das Sudipta Sekhar , Biswas Rathindra Nath , Safi Mahammad , Zaman Rafique Uz 
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives:
The risk of red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization is always a concern for multi-transfused patients. Various factors have been found to be associated with alloimmunization. Alloimmunization rates were reported from 4% to 50%, 1.9% to 13% and 1.27% to 13.1% in thalassemic, onco-hematology and renal patients respectively. Transfusion of extended phenotype-matched blood was found to reduce rate of alloimmunization. This study investigated the various risk factors associated with RBC alloimmunization and the impact of transfusing phenotype-matched PRBC to multi-transfused patients.

Methods:
The retrospective observational study included 4350 multi-transfused patients of hemoglobinopathies, onco-hematological diseases and chronic renal failure (CRF). Pre-transfusion testing that included ABO and Rh(D) typing, antibody screening and crossmatching were performed following departmental standard operating procedure (SOP). Rh (C, c, E, e) and Kell (K) antigen phenotyping of blood donors as well as patients were performed by recommended techniques. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS statistical package.

Results:
The mean age of multi-transfused patients was 41.4 years with a female preponderance. A total of 122 alloantibodies with various specificities were found in the 4350 patients (2.8%). Anti-E was the most frequent alloantibody (27.87%) followed by anti-c (11.48%). Frequency of alloimmunization in patients with hemoglobinopathies receiving phenotype-matched blood was 1.89% which was significantly lower than those receiving phenotype-unmatched blood (p=0.0019). Gender, age, splenomegaly status, number of PRBC unit transfused, phenotype-matched status, and transfusion duration in years were independent risk factors of alloimmunization.

Conclusion:
Alloimmunization to red blood antigens challenge the proper management of multi-transfused patients. Based on the present results we suggest considering antibody screening as an important tool of pre-transfusion testing to ensure safe blood transfusion. It will be prudent to adopt a transfusion policy that provides at least the Rh-Kell phenotype-matched blood to minimize red cell alloimmunization among multi-transfused patients.
Rhinovirus Pneumonia, Rhabdomyolysis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury, and Post-Viral Forme Fruste Lupus
Authors: Jha Vijoy Kumar , Akal Ramanjit Singh , Singh Bhanu Pratap , Walia Gurpreet K. , Tejesh B. S. , Mahapatra Debasish 
Published: August 2023

AbstractViral interstitial pneumonia is rarely associated with rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and evolving systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with no lupus flare. Here, we report an adult male with human rhinovirus-associated viral pneumonia and rhabdomyolysis-related AKI requiring dialysis. He was detected to be anti-nuclear, anti-Smith, and anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein antibodies positive. His kidney biopsy revealed normal glomeruli, with immunofluorescence showing a full-house pattern. Renal function and lung function gradually improved to normal without any immunosuppressants.
Severe Respiratory Alkalosis during Hemodialysis
Authors: Mavromatidis Konstantinos S. , Kalogiannidou Eirini M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Respiratory alkalosis during hemodialysis session is a rare complication. We managed two patients with severe respiratory alkalosis, a woman who developed this 75 min after the beginning of the session and a man who developed it about 1 h before the end of the session. In both, the cause was a hypotensive episode, and both hypotension and alkalosis were successfully treated.
Karyomegalic Interstitial Nephritis in the Allograft Kidney – A Case Report
Authors: Jansi Prema K S , Mahesh R K , Kurien Anila A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Karyomegalic interstitial nephritis is a rare progressive renal disease. We report a 36-year-old male patient who developed kidney failure due to this condition, underwent kidney transplantation from his sister, and developed the same condition in the graft. Genetic testing of the donor revealed autosomal recessive compound heterozygous mutation of Fanconi anemia–associated nuclease1 (FAN1) gene. Karyomegalic interstitial nephritis is most probably donor derived in our patient. It should not be mislabeled as viral nephropathy.