bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does speed‐reading training work, and if so, why? Effects of speed‐reading training and metacognitive training on reading speed, comprehension and eye movements
Authors: Klimovich Marina , Tiffin‐Richards Simon P. , Richter Tobias 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundCommercial speed‐reading training programs are typically marketed with the promise to dramatically increase reading speed without impairing comprehension. From the perspective of reading psychology, it seems quite unlikely that speed‐reading training can indeed have such effects. However, research on the effectiveness of modern speed‐reading training programs on reading performance in typical readers is sparse. The present study had two goals. First, we sought to extend prior research on speed‐reading by assessing the effects of a speed‐reading application on reading performance in a pre‐training and post‐training design with a control group. Second, we aimed to identify the mechanism underlying speed‐reading training programs.MethodsWe assessed reading speed, comprehension and eye movements of 30 German‐speaking undergraduates (Mage = 22.77 years, SDage = 3.41 years) before and after they received a commercial, app‐based speed‐reading training, a metacognitive training or no training.ResultsResults revealed higher reading speed in the speed‐reading condition and metacognitive condition compared with the control condition, although not to the extent claimed in the application. Eye‐movement data indicated that the increase in reading speed was due to fewer and shorter fixations in measures reflecting late but not early lexical processing. No differences in comprehension performance were observed between the three conditions.ConclusionsWe discuss our findings in support of the idea that the increase in reading speed was not caused by a change in basic characteristics of participants' reading behaviour, but rather by an increase in their awareness of their own reading process. Further research is needed to investigate whether the observed effects are maintained over time.
Crime, Weather and Climate Change in Australia*
Authors: Awaworyi Churchill Sefa , Smyth Russell , Trinh Trong‐Anh 
Published: January 2023

We estimate the effect of temperature on monthly crime using a panel dataset that matches weather with crime rates for over 3,000 postcodes in Australia over the period 2001–2019. We find that a standard deviation increase in average temperature is associated with a 0.008–0.011 standard deviation increase in the crime rate, depending on the specification. This translates to over 72,000 additional crimes per year across Australia. We estimate that over the course of the rest of the century, under a business‐as‐usual pathway, climate change will be responsible for approximately 1.64 million additional crimes.
Frontline work and racial disparities in social and economic pandemic stressors during the first COVID‐19 surge
Authors: Haro‐Ramos Alein Y. , Brown Timothy T. , Deardorff Julianna , Aguilera Adrian , Pollack Porter Keshia M. , Rodriguez Hector P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the magnitude of racial–ethnic disparities in pandemic‐related social stressors and examine frontline work's moderating relationship on these stressors.Data SourcesEmployed Californians' responses to the Institute for Governmental Studies (IGS) poll from April 16–20, 2020, were analyzed. The Pandemic Stressor Scale (PSS) assessed the extent to which respondents experienced or anticipated problems resulting from the inability to pay for basic necessities, job instability, lacking paid sick leave, unavailability of childcare, and reduced wages or work hours due to COVID‐19.Study DesignMixed‐effects generalized linear models estimated (1) racial–ethnic disparities in pandemic stressors among workers during the first COVID‐19 surge, adjusting for covariates, and (2) tested the interaction between race–ethnicity and frontline worker status, which includes a subset of essential workers who must perform their job on‐site, to assess differential associations of frontline work by race–ethnicity.Data CollectionThe IGS poll data from employed workers (n = 4795) were linked to the 2018 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Social Vulnerability Index at the zip code level (N = 1068).Principal FindingsThe average PSS score was 37.34 (SD = 30.49). Whites had the lowest PSS score (29.88, SD = 26.52), and Latinxs had the highest (50.74, SD = 32.61). In adjusted analyses, Black frontline workers reported more pandemic‐related stressors than White frontline workers (PSS = 47.73 vs. 36.96, p < 0.001). Latinxs reported more pandemic stressors irrespective of frontline worker status. However, the 5.09‐point difference between Latinx frontline and non‐frontline workers was not statistically different from the 4.6‐point disparity between White frontline and non‐frontline workers.ConclusionLatinx workers and Black frontline workers disproportionately reported pandemic‐related stressors. To reduce stress on frontline workers during crises, worker protections like paid sick leave, universal access to childcare, and improved job security are needed, particularly for those disproportionately affected by structural inequities, such as racially minoritized populations.
Application of smart packaging for seafood: A comprehensive review
Authors: Abedi‐Firoozjah Reza , Salim Shamimeh Azimi , Hasanvand Sara , Assadpour Elham , Azizi‐Lalabadi Maryam , Prieto Miguel A. , Jafari Seid Mahdi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNowadays, due to the changes in lifestyle and great interest of consumers in a healthy life, people have started increasing their seafood consumption. But due to their short shelf life, experts are looking for a new packaging called smart packaging (SMP) for seafood. There are different indicators/sensors in SMP; one of the effective indices is time–temperature, which can show consumers the best time of using seafood based on their shelf life and experienced temperature. Another one is radio‐frequency identification (RFID) that is a transmission device that represents a separate form of the electronic information‐based SMP systems. RFID does not belong to any of the categories of markers or sensors; it is an auto recognition system that applies cordless sensors to indicate segments and collect real‐time information without manual interposition. This review covers the use of SMP in all marine foods, including fish, due to its high consumption and high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n‐3) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n‐3), which are the considerable factors of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for human.
Effects of Coix seed extract, Lactobacillus paracasei K56, and their combination on the glycolipid metabolism in obese mice
Authors: Zhang Wei , Jia Xiuzhen , Xu Yuhan , Xie Qiaoling , Zhu Meizhen , Zhao Zifu , Hao Jingyu , Li Haoqiu , Du Jinrui , Liu Yan , Liu Wei‐Hsien , Ma Xia , Hung Weilian , Feng Haotian , Li Hongwei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCoix seed extract (CSE) and probiotics have been reported to regulate glycolipid metabolism through different modes of action. We tested the effects of CSE, Lactobacillus paracasei K56, and their combination to determine whether they have synergistic effects on glycolipid metabolism of obese mice. We fed male C57BL/6J mice with high‐fat diet for 8 weeks to establish an obesity model. The obesity mice were selected and divided into five groups: the model control group and four intervention groups. After 10 weeks of continuous gavage intervention, the mice in the intervention groups exhibited lower body weight (lower about 2.31–4.41 g, vs. HFD 42.25 g, p < 0.01), and epididymal (lower about 0.58–0.92 g, vs. HFD 2.50 g, p < 0.01) and perirenal fat content (lower about 0.24–0.42 g, vs. HFD 0.88 g, p < 0.05); decreased fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and VLDL; and increased HLDL, respiratory exchange ratio, energy expenditure, and amount of exercise performed. K56 + CSE‐combined intervention groups were more effective in lowering blood glucose, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α levels than the CSE and K56 alone interventions. The content of fatty acid synthase and SREBP‐1c protein in liver tissue was lower. The combination has synergistic effects on weight control, fat reduction, and blood glucose regulation by improving the chronic inflammatory state and reducing the content of lipid synthesis‐related enzymes of obese mice, which can hinder chronic disease progression.Practical ApplicationCoix seed extract can be used in obese people to regulate abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism and delay the development of chronic diseases.
Serum cross‐linked N‐telopeptide of type I collagen as a potential diagnostic marker for bone metastasis in lung cancer: An updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Hong Mingsheng , Ding Ling , Song Baona 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the clinical value of serum type I collagen cross‐linked amino terminal peptide (NTx) for the diagnosis of bone metastasis in lung cancer patients by evidence‐based medicine.MethodsDiagnostic studies relevant to NTx as a serum marker for the diagnosis of bone metastasis in lung cancer patients included in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, PubMed, Embase, and VIP database from the establishment of the databases to November 2022 were retrieved. Meta‐analysis was conducted with Stata 16.0 software to calculate the combined sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPN), positive likelihood ratio (+LR), negative likelihood ratio (−LR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and its 95% confidence interval (CI). The total subject working characteristic curve (summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve) was drawn, and the area under the curve was calculated to evaluate its diagnostic value.ResultsA total of 1742 patients with lung cancer were included in 14 articles. Meta‐analysis showed heterogeneity among the studies. The results of random‐effect model analysis demonstrated that the combined SEN, SPN, +LR, −LR, and DOR were 0.76 (95% CI 0.66–0.83), 0.80 (95% CI 0.74–0.85), 3.80 (95% CI 2.90–4.80), 0.30 (95% CI 0.22–0.42), and 12 (95% CI 8–19), respectively, and the area under SROC was 0.85.ConclusionSerum NTx has a high clinical value in the diagnosis of bone metastasis in lung cancer patients and can be used as an effective complementary means for imaging diagnosis of bone metastasis in lung cancer patients.
Opportunistic foraging strategy of rainbow lizards at a seaside resort in Togo
Authors: Dendi Daniele , Segniagbeto Gabriel H. , Meek Roger , Luiselli Luca 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRainbow lizards (Agama agama) are common in suburban areas throughout Africa, and have an opportunistic foraging strategy, with arthropods being the main prey source. In a coastal resort in southern Togo, West Africa, several individuals in a population were observed while feeding regularly upon non‐natural human‐made food (pizza) and showing a clear preference for a given type of food versus others that were offered (‘four cheeses’ being the preferred one). The fact that all monitored individuals fed upon a same type of pizza suggests that they may have some chemical cues attracting them.
My Baby's Movements: An assessment of the effectiveness of the My Baby's Movements phone program in reducing late‐gestation stillbirth rates
Authors: Skalecki Sarah , Lawford Harriet , Gardener Glenn , Coory Michael , Bradford Billie , Warrilow Kara , Wojcieszek Aleena M. , Newth Tionie , Weller Megan , Said Joanne M. , Boyle Fran M. , East Christine , Gordon Adrienne , Middleton Philippa , Ellwood David , Flenady Vicki 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundDelayed reporting of decreased fetal movements (DFM) could represent a missed opportunity to prevent stillbirth. Mobile phone applications (apps) have the potential to improve maternal awareness and reporting of DFM and contribute to stillbirth prevention.AimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of the My Baby's Movements (MBM) app on late‐gestation stillbirth rates.Materials and MethodsThe MBM trial evaluated a multifaceted fetal movements awareness package across 26 maternity services in Australia and New Zealand between 2016 and 2019. In this secondary analysis, generalised linear mixed models were used to compare rates of late‐gestation stillbirth, obstetric interventions, and neonatal outcomes between app users and non‐app users including calendar time, cluster, primiparity and other potential confounders as fixed effects, and hospital as a random effect.ResultsOf 140 052 women included, app users comprised 9.8% (n = 13 780). The stillbirth rate was not significantly lower among app users (1.67/1000 vs 2.29/1000) (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.79; 95% CI 0.51–1.23). App users were less likely to have a preterm birth (aOR 0.81; 0.75–0.88) or a composite adverse neonatal outcome (aOR 0.87; 0.81–0.93); however, they had higher rates of induction of labour (IOL) (aOR 1.27; 1.22–1.32) and early term birth (aOR 1.08; 1.04–1.12).ConclusionsThe MBM app had low uptake and its use was not associated with stillbirth rates but was associated with some neonatal benefit, and higher rates of IOL and early term birth. Use and acceptability of tools designed to promote fetal movement awareness is an important knowledge gap. The implications of increased IOL and early term births warrant consideration in future studies.
Insertable cardiac monitor‐guided early intervention to reduce atrial fibrillation burden following catheter ablation: Study design and clinical protocol (ICM‐REDUCE‐AF trial)
Authors: Tankut Sinan S. , Huang David T. , Zareba Wojciech , Aktas Mehmet K. , Rosero Spencer Z. , Steinberg Jonathan , Henchen Jennifer , Kutyifa Valentina , Strawderman Robert L. , Goldenberg Ilan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous catheter ablation (CA) to achieve pulmonary vein isolation is an effective treatment for drug‐refractory paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). However, recurrence rates after a single AF ablation procedure remain elevated. Conventional management after CA ablation has mostly been based on clinical AF recurrence. However, continuous recordings with insertable cardiac monitors (ICMs) and patient‐triggered mobile app transmissions post‐CA can now be used to detect early recurrences of subclinical AF (SCAF). We hypothesize that early intervention following CA based on personalized ICM data can prevent the substrate progression that promotes the onset and maintenance of atrial arrhythmias.MethodsThis is a randomized, double‐blind (to SCAF data), single‐tertiary center clinical trial in which 120 patients with drug‐refractory paroxysmal or persistent AF are planned to undergo CA with an ICM. Randomization will be to an intervention arm (n = 60) consisting of ICM‐guided early intervention based on SCAF and patient‐triggered mobile app transmissions versus a control arm (n = 60) consisting of a standard intervention protocol based on clinical AF recurrence validated by the ICM. Primary endpoint is AF burden, which will be assessed from ICMs at 15 months post‐AF ablation. Secondary endpoints include healthcare utilization, functional capacity, and quality of life.ConclusionWe believe that ICM‐guided early intervention will provide a novel, personalized approach to post‐AF ablation management that will result in a significant reduction in AF burden, healthcare utilization, and improvements in functional capacity and quality of life.
Interactive effects of dietary supplementation between illite and probiotic on productive performance, intestinal microflora, and blood profiles of laying hens
Authors: Lim Chun Ik , Kim Ju Eun , Lee Kyu Bang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the interactive effects of dietary illite and probiotic on productive performance, intestinal microflora, and blood profiles of laying hens. A total of 432 laying hens at 24 weeks old were allotted into six dietary groups. An experimental design was composed with a 3 (illite levels: 0, 0.3, and 0.6%) × 2 (probiotic levels: 0 and 0.2%). The probiotic based on Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and B. licheniformis was used. There were interactions between illite and probiotic on total microbes and salmonella of digesta. Higher egg production was observed in hens fed a diet supplemented with either 0.6% illite or 0.2% probiotic than in those fed a basal diet. The total microbes of the group fed a diet with 0.6% illite were lower than the groups fed diets with 0 and 0.3% illite. A lower number of Escherichia coli was observed in hens fed a diet with probiotic than those fed a basal diet. Higher immunoglobulin G concentration was observed in the group fed a diet supplemented with 0.6% illite than in those fed a basal diet. Our results suggest illite and probiotic can be used as feed additives for hens, separately or in combination to improve performance and intestinal microflora.
Morphology of the major salivary glands of Spix's Yellow‐Toothed Cavys (Galea spixii Wagler, 1831)
Authors: Rebouças Carlos Eduardo Vale , Diniz João Augusto Rodrigues Alves , de Sousa Ana Caroline Freitas Caetano , de Oliveira Radan Elvis Matias , de Moura Carlos Eduardo Bezerra , Guerra Ricardo Romão , Pereira Alexsandra Fernandes , de Assis Neto Antônio Chaves , de Oliveira Moacir Franco 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRodents can present a large number of morphophysiological variations of the digestive system, allowing them to feed on different diets. In this context, the objective was to describe the morphology of the major salivary glands of Galea spixii. Gross dissection, light microscopy and transmission and scanning electron microscopy assessments of 12 specimens were carried out. The results demonstrate that the G. spixii has four pairs of major salivary glands (parotid, mandibular, zygomatic and sublingual). The glands are lobulated, composed acinar, consisting of mucous and serous acini, with the predominant parotid gland being serous and the zygomatic gland mucous. The mandibular and sublingual glands are mixed. The glands secrete acidic and neutral mucins and commonly present intercalary, striated and excretory ducts. The ultrastructure of the acinar cells suggests the presence of great cellular activity, with a cytoplasm taken by a rough endoplasmic reticulum, many mitochondria, vesicles of electrolucent nature and dispersed chromatin. In conclusion, the major salivary glands of G. spixii are constituted of mucous and serous acini, with serous acini predominant in the mandibular areas. The data also suggest that these rodents may adopt different types of diets, which may explain their adaptability to semi‐arid environments.
Efficacy and safety of regdanvimab in patients with mild to moderate COVID‐19: A rapid review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Amani Behnam , Amani Bahman 
Published: January 2023

AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of regdanvimab, an anti‐SARS‐COV‐2 monoclonal antibody approved by the European Medicines Agency in November 2021, for the treatment of confirmed COVID‐19 disease.MethodsCochrane Library, PubMed, medRxiv and Google Scholar were searched for relevant evidence up to October 27, 2022. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tools. Data were analysed using RevMan software.ResultsEight studies involving 4793 patients were included. A significant difference was observed between the regdanvimab and no‐regdanvimab groups in terms of length of hospital stay (mean difference [MD] = −1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.80 to −0.43), clinical recovery (odds ratio [OR] = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.38 to 3.18), disease progression (OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.33), the need for oxygen therapy (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.43) and duration of oxygen therapy (MD = −3.00, 95% CI: −4.44 to −1.56). However, no significant difference was detected between 2 groups regarding mortality rate (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.11 to 1.89), need for mechanical ventilation (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.08 to 1.89) and hospital admission rate (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.35 to 1.03). The incidence of adverse events was similar in both groups (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.77 to 1.18).ConclusionRegdanvimab was not effective in reducing mortality and hospital admission rate in patients with mild to moderate COVID‐19, but it was effective in improving other efficacy outcomes. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
A case series of bacillus Calmette‐Guérin scar reactivation after administration of both mRNA and viral vector COVID‐19 vaccines
Authors: van Balveren Leontine , van Puijenbroek Eugène P. , Davidson Linda , van Hunsel Florence 
Published: January 2023

AimReactivation of the scar resulting from intradermal injection of bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) is a common specific reaction in Kawasaki's disease. It has also sporadically been associated with viral infections, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, influenza vaccination and mRNA COVID‐19 vaccination. In this case series, characteristics of BCG scar reactivation after different COVID‐19 vaccinations are presented and possible mechanisms are discussed.MethodsData were collected from the spontaneous reporting system of the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb. Descriptives were made for the case reports in which a BCG scar reactivation was detected.ResultsSince the start of the COVID‐19 vaccination campaign in January 2021, the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb has received 22 case reports of BCG reactivation after vaccination with a COVID‐19 vaccine. In 20 case reports, it concerned mRNA COVID‐19 vaccines Moderna (14) and Pfizer (6). In two case reports, the viral vector COVID‐19 vaccine AstraZeneca was administered. Erythema and pain were the most frequently reported symptoms and the size of the inflammation was between 1.5 and 5 cm. BCG scar reactivation occurred with a median time to onset of 2 days after the second or booster COVID‐19 vaccination, whereas the median time to onset was 7 days after the first COVID‐19 vaccination. None of the BCG scar reactivations were treated.ConclusionsThe exact mechanism of the occurrence of BCG scar reactivation remains unknown, but involvement of heat shock protein 65 is suggested. BCG scar reactivation is a nonserious, self‐limiting reaction that can occur after vaccination with both mRNA and viral vector COVID‐19 vaccines.
A multi‐analyses approach of inductive/deductive asymmetry in the affective priming paradigm
Authors: Foroni Francesco , Marmolejo‐Ramos Fernando , Wilcox Rand , de Bastiani Fernanda , Semin Gün R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRapidly evaluating our environment's beneficial and detrimental features is critical for our successful functioning. A classic paradigm used to investigate such fast and automatic evaluations is the affective priming (AP) paradigm, where participants classify valencedtargetstimuli (e.g., words) as good or bad while ignoring the valencedprimes(e.g., words). We investigate the differential impact that verbs and adjectives used as primes and targets have on the AP paradigm. Based on earlier work on the Linguistic Category Model, we expect AP effect to be modulated by non‐evaluative properties of theword stimuli, such as the linguistic category (e.g., if the prime is an adjective and the target is a verb versus the reverse). A reduction in the magnitude of the priming effect was predicted for adjective–verb prime‐target pairs compared to verb–adjective prime‐target pairs. Moreover, we implemented a modified crowdsourcing of statistical analyses implementing independently three different statistical approaches. Deriving our conclusions on the converging/diverging evidence provided by the different approaches, we show a clear deductive/inductive asymmetry in AP paradigm (exp. 1), that this asymmetry does not require a focus on the evaluative dimension to emerge (exp. 2) and that the semantic‐based asymmetry weakly extends to valence (exp. 3).