bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Wolfmet Tungsten Alloys as Parallel-Hole Collimator Material on Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Image Quality and Functional Parameters: A Simulating Medical Imaging Nuclear Detectors Monte Carlo Study
Authors: Darami Maryam , Mahmoudian Babak , Ljungberg Michael , Pirayesh Islamian Jalil 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objectives Collimators have a significant role in image quality and detectability in single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. Using an appropriate alloy that effectively absorbs scattered photons, without induced secondary x-rays, and with proper rigidity and weight may provide an effective approach to the image improvement that conventionally collimators made of lead (Pb).
Materials and Methods A Siemens E.CAM SPECT imaging system equipped with low-energy high-resolution (LEHR) collimator was simulated by the Simulating Medical Imaging Nuclear Detectors Monte Carlo program. Experimental and simulated data were compared based on a 2-mm 99mTc point source in an acrylic cylindrical Deluxe phantom (Data Spectrum, Inc). Seven types of tungsten (W) alloys (Wolfmet), with W content from 90 to 97% by weight, were then used as collimator materials of the simulated system. Camera parameters, such as energy- and spatial resolution, image contrast, and collimator-related parameters, such as fraction of septal penetration, scatter-to-primary ratios, and percentage of induced secondary x-rays, due to interactions in the collimator, were evaluated.
Results Acceptable conformity was found for the simulated and experiment systems in terms of energy spectra, 10.113 and 10.140%, full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the point spread function (PSF) curves, 8.78 and 9.06 mm, sensitivity, 78.46 and 78.34 cps/MBq, and contrast in images of 19.1 mm cold spheres in the Deluxe phantom, 79.17 and 78.97%, respectively. Results on the parameters of the simulated system with LEHR collimator made from the alloys showed that the alloy consisting of 90% W, 6% nickel, and 4% copper provided an FWHM of 8.76 mm, resulting in a 0.2% improvement in spatial resolution. Furthermore, all the Wolfmet collimators showed a 48% reduction in the amount of X-rays production compared to the Pb.
Conclusion A Wolfmet LEHR collimator, made by a combination of W (90%), Ni (6%), and Cu (6%) provides a better image quality and detectability compared to the Pb.
Monitoring Macro- and Microcirculation in the Critically Ill: A Narrative Review
Authors: Muzaffar Syed Nabeel , Pradhan Akshyaya , Siddiqui Suhail Sarwar , Roy Shubhajeet , Suresh Timil 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCirculatory shock is a common and important diagnosis in the critical care environment. Hemodynamic monitoring is quintessential in the management of shock. The currently used hemodynamic monitoring devices not only measure cardiac output but also provide data related to the prediction of fluid responsiveness, extravascular lung water, and also pulmonary vascular permeability. Additionally, these devices are minimally invasive and associated with fewer complications. The area of hemodynamic monitoring is progressively evolving with a trend toward the use of minimally invasive devices in this area. The critical care physician should be well-versed with current hemodynamic monitoring limitations and stay updated with the upcoming advances in this field so that optimal therapy can be delivered to patients in circulatory shock.
CYP1B1 and MYOC Gene Analysis of Patients with Primary Congenital Glaucoma in the Cukurova Region of Türkiye
Authors: Akbas Ahsen Cavusoglu , Erdem Elif , Bozdogan Sevcan Tug , Harbiyeli Ibrahim Inan , Yagmur Meltem 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the CYP1B1 and MYOC genes in patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) from the Cukurova region (located in the south of Türkiye) and reveal the relationship between gene mutations and clinical severity of the disease. Molecular genetic and clinical study was conducted in 42 eyes of 26 patients who were followed for a diagnosis of PCG. The clinical diagnosis was concluded by ophthalmological examination under general anesthesia or slit-lamp biomicroscopy, gonioscopy, and measurement of the intraocular pressure. A CYP1B1 gene mutation was detected in 12 patients (46.2%). Two of these patients had a combination of CYP1B1 and MYOC mutations. The most common pathogenic variant, c.1405C > T (p.R469W) (n = 5), was present in patients with mutations, and the prognosis was poor compared with other modifications (p = 0.014). The second most common variant was c.3987G > A (p.G61E) (n = 3), which was associated with a good prognosis. The incidence of buphthalmos and the mean horizontal corneal diameter were higher in patients with mutations in the CYP1B1 and MYOC genes. All parents were found to be carriers of the mutation gene. This is the report on molecular genetic analysis of PCG in the southern region of Türkiye. Some specific genetic variants may have an effect on the prognosis of the disease. However, patients without mutations in these case groups may have mutations in genes yet to be identified.
Knowledge of Dental Students about Erythroplakia as an Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder
Authors: Anggarista Kelvin Alfan Nola , Datau Meysinta A. , Mahdani Fatma Yasmin , Radithia Desiana , Ernawati Diah Savitri , Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background Erythroplakia is a rare oral potentially malignant disease (OPMD) lesion with prevalence ranging from 0.02 to 0.83%, but it has a higher possibility of malignant transformation, ranging from 14 to 50%. Early detection is crucial for better patient prognosis, but it is challenging for preclinical and clinical dental students to recognize erythroplakia.
Objective The aim of this study was to identify the level of knowledge of dental students about erythroplakia as an OPMD lesion based on their academic level.
Methods This analytical cross-sectional study used a simple randomized sampling design. Data were cross-tabulated to describe the knowledge of erythroplakia.
Results In total, 167 respondents completed the questionnaire, with the majority of 130 (77.84%) being females and 65 (38.92%) were older than 21 years. The majority of respondents, 122 (73.05%), had moderate knowledge, while 31 (18.57%) had poor knowledge and 14 (8.38%) had good knowledge of erythroplakia in terms of etiology, predisposition factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
Conclusion Most of the dental students included in the study had intermediate level of knowledge of erythroplakia as an OPMD lesion.
Interatomic and intermolecular Coulombic decay rates from equation-of-motion coupled-cluster theory with complex basis functions
Authors: Parravicini Valentina , Jagau Thomas-C. 
Published: September 2023

When a vacancy is created in an inner-valence orbital of a dimer of atoms or molecules, the resulting species can undergo interatomic/intermolecular Coulombic decay (ICD): the hole is filled through a relaxation process that leads to a doubly ionized cluster with two positively charged atoms or molecules. Since they are subject to electronic decay, inner-valence ionized states are not bound states but electronic resonances whose transient nature can only be described with special quantum-chemical methods. In this work, we explore the capacity of equation-of-motion coupled-cluster theory with two techniques from non-Hermitian quantum mechanics, complex basis functions and Feshbach–Fano projection with a plane wave description of the outgoing electron, to describe ICD. To this end, we compute the decay rates of several dimers: Ne2, NeAr, NeMg, and (HF)2, among which the energy of the outgoing electron varies between 0.3 and 16 eV. We observe that both methods deliver better results when the outgoing electron is fast, but the characteristic R−6 distance dependence of the ICD width is captured much better with complex basis functions.
Effect of thermocompression on properties of transparent glass-ceramics containing quantum dots
Authors: Tao Yiting , Wang Panting , Wu Ting , Zhao Mingjun , Chen Danping 
Published: September 2023

A novel strategy for preparing transparent glass-ceramics with a uniform quantum-dot size and high transparency via thermocompression is reported. Borophosphate glass containing the Cs–Pb–Br component is prepared using the conventional melting method. The glass is then pressed with a piece of stainless steel to generate thermocompression during the crystallization heat treatment, by which small and uniform-sized nanocrystals of CsPbBr3 quantum dots are produced in glass. Thermocompression reduces the specific surface energy of the nanocrystals and inhibits the abnormal growth of microcrystals, thereby reducing the average particle size from 7 to 4 nm and completing the growth of microcrystals. This significantly increases the transmittance of the glass-ceramics and enhances the luminescence intensity by approximately threefold. The experimental results show that low-intensity pressure can control the structure and properties of glass-ceramics during the growth of microcrystals in glass, which is a new process for preparing transparent microcrystalline glass.
Discharge characterization and altitude correction of shielding sphere-plate gap at an altitude of 3400 m
Authors: Xiao Wei , Luo Bing , Liu Lei , Zhong Zheng , Zhang Hang , Ma Wenchuang , Cheng Yuzhou , Li Tianjiao , Lin Guo , Fan Caijin , Zhang Haofeng , Wang Ping , Liu Yunpeng , Geng Jianghai 
Published: September 2023

Southeast Tibet in China is rich in clean energy such as water energy, light energy, and wind energy. As the key means of large-scale clean energy transmission in southeast Tibet, the ultra-high voltage (UHV) power transmission projects will be constructed at an altitude of nearly 4000 m. To accurately acquire the external insulation strength of electrical equipment operating at different altitudes, the standard positive switching impulse voltages were applied to a rod electrode and a 1.1 m diameter shielding sphere at the altitude of 3400, 2100, and 80 m. The switching impulse discharge characterization and altitude correction factors of the 1.1 m diameter shielding sphere-plate gap under different clearances at different altitudes were obtained. The discharge voltage of the rod-plate gap at the altitude of 80 m was corrected to the altitude of 3400 m using altitude correction methods recommended by GB 311.1, GB/T 16927.1, and DL/T 2305. Further comparison was made between the calculation results using the three altitude correction methods mentioned above and the test results at an altitude of 3400 m. The discharge characterization and the minimum clearance of the end fittings of the electrical equipment in the valve hall at the altitude of 3800 and 4500 m were obtained by fitting and extrapolating the test data. The research results provide important reference significance for the external insulation configuration of UHV converter stations constructed in areas with an altitude of 3000 m and above.
Completing the Cabrera Circle: deriving adaptable leads from ECG limb leads by combining constraints with a correction factor
Authors: Dathe Henning , Krefting Dagmar , Spicher Nicolai 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective. We present a concept for processing 6-lead electrocardiography (ECG) signals which can be applied to various use cases in quantitative electrocardiography. Approach. Our work builds upon the mathematics of the well-known Cabrera sequence which is a re-sorting of the six limb leads (I, II, III, aV
R, aV
L, aV
F) into a clockwise and physiologically-interpretable order. By deriving correction factors for harmonizing lead strengths and choosing an appropriate basis for the leads, we extend this concept towards what we call the ‘Cabrera Circle’ based on a mathematically sound foundation. Main results. To demonstrate the practical effectiveness and relevance of this concept, we analyze its suitability for deriving interpolated leads between the six limb leads and a ‘radial’ lead which both can be useful for specific use cases. We focus on the use cases of i) determination of the electrical heart axis by proposing a novel interactive tool for reconstructing the heart’s vector loop and ii) improving accuracy in time of automatic R-wave detection and T-wave delineation in 6-lead ECG. For the first use case, we derive an equation which allows projections of the 2-dimensional vector loops to arbitrary angles of the Cabrera Circle. For the second use case, we apply several state-of-the-art algorithms to a freely-available 12-lead dataset (Lobachevsky University Database). Out-of-the-box results show that the derived radial lead outperforms the other limb leads (I, II, III, aV
R, aV
L, aV
F) by improving F1 scores of R-peak and T-peak detection by 0.61 and 2.12, respectively. Results of on- and offset computations are also improved but on a smaller scale. Significance. In summary, the Cabrera Circle offers a methodology that might be useful for quantitative electrocardiography of the 6-lead subsystem—especially in the digital age.
Collective dynamics of a dense streamer front
Authors: Teixeira-Gomes M B , Gordillo-Vázquez F J , Luque A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We explore the dynamics of dense streamer channel fronts. We introduce a novel, fully three-dimensional, adaptive mesh refinement streamer simulation code, which leverages the power of general-purpose graphical processing units to accelerate computations. Our code enables the simulation of systems comprising several parallel-propagating streamers, using appropriate boundary conditions to emulate an infinitely extended front of positive streamers in ambient air. Our findings reveal that denser streamer packings result in slower front propagation and increased electric field screening within the streamers. To interpret these results and progress towards developing a coarse-grained corona model, we present a streamlined model that effectively approximates the behavior of the comprehensive microscopic system.
Selective removal of 4H-SiC porous structures caused by photoelectric chemical etching via post oxidation annealing
Authors: Li Yunkai , Zhao Siqi , Yang Shangyu , Guo Ning , Yuan Weilong , Pei Yicheng , Yan Guoguo , Liu Xingfang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Low-temperature post oxidation annealing of 4H-SiC at 900 °C for 90 min after photoelectric chemical (PEC) etching in alkaline solution can eliminate the porous structures that form during the etching process, reduce the porosity, and optimize the surface morphology, which has minimal effect on unetched surfaces, allowing for selective treatment between etched and unetched surfaces. Additionally, it can improve the etching depth and enable effective repetition of the etching process. These benefits make PEC etching a valuable technique for microstructure fabrication and surface treatment.
Overview of spark plasma synthesis and sintering of MgB2 superconductor
Authors: Xing Y , Bernstein P , Muralidhar M , Noudem J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the sintering mechanisms of magnesium diborides using spark plasma sintering and optimize the sintering process conditions. Three different precursor materials were used: (i) commercial powder MgB2, (ii) mixtures of magnesium and nano boron powder (Mg + 2B), and (iii) mixtures of Mg and MgB4 powder for an ‘in-situ’ reactive synthesis. The density of the obtained bulks exceeds 90% of the theoretical density of the material. The structure and microstructure of the samples were analyzed using x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, which were correlated with their superconducting properties. The critical current density (J
c), pinning force (f
p), and electrical resistivity (ρ) of the samples were also investigated. The results show that the in-situ reactive synthesis of MgB2 using magnesium and nano boron powder was the most effective method for producing high-quality samples with improved superconducting properties. The findings could lead to the development of more efficient methods for producing high-performance of MgB2 bulks.
The research on the influence mechanism of internal deformation for the performance of Bi-2212
Authors: Zhang Zhen-Chuang , Yang Dong-Sheng , Yu Min , Zhou Meng-Liang , Zhou Hai-Shan , Qin Jing-Gang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC), one of the most promising conductors for manufacturing magnets in magnetic confinement fusion devices, has attracted lots of attention. In the production of CICC, porosity control is necessary for its stability. The porosity control is usually realized by the diameter-reducing process, which would also lead to indentation damages to the elements of CICC-superconducting wires. In this article, systematic research of indentation damages was carried out on the next generation of high-temperature superconducting materials–Bi-2212 wires. The results indicate that the current carrying capacity of the indentation-damaged wire would first keep steady and then show exponential decline with the increase of indentation depth. The wires subjected to pre-overpressure (pre-OP) treatment exhibit slightly improved resistance against indentation damage at shallow indentation depths. However, their critical current (I
c) deteriorates more rapidly at greater indentation depths when compared to wires that have not undergone the per-OP process. The following structural characterization analyzed the reasons for the property changes with the help of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, computed tomography, and hardness tester. Misalignment between the Bi-2212 grains and shaped filaments was found in the indentation-damaged wires, with which the degradation in I
c of the wires and the differences in properties of the two kinds of wires were further discussed.
Collective excitations of a Bose–Einstein condensate of hard-core bosons and their mediated interactions: from two-body bound states to mediated superfluidity
Authors: Santiago-García Moroni , Camacho-Guardian Arturo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe exchange of collective modes has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for inducing superconductivity and superfluidity in various condensed matter and atomic systems. In this article, we study the mediated interactions of collective excitations in an ultracold gas of hard-core bosons. We show that the induced interaction supports two-body states with energies, symmetries, and a number of bound states strongly dependent on the properties of the hard-core boson gas. The ability to control the nature of the two-body bound states motivates the study of superfluid phases, which we address within the BKT theory. We demonstrate how the superfluid parameters and critical temperatures can be tuned in our system. Our findings may pave the way for future theoretical and experimental studies with ultracold gases and solid-state systems.
Effect of p-MoOx interfacial layer on the photovoltaic performances of p-MoS2/n-Si heterojunction solar cells by theoretical simulation
Authors: Deng Quanrong , Lu Kun , Xiong Liwei , Shen Yonglong , Wang Geming , Wang Shenggao , Huang Wei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
As one of particular 2D transition metal dichalcogenide materials, the outstanding properties of MoS2 enable the promising formation of superior homo or heterojunction solar cells. However, in the process of introducing oxygen treatment to modify the interface defects of MoS2/Si solar cells, or modulate the Fermi level of MoS2 films, a thin layer of p-MoOx capping layer is generally produced next to MoS2. In order to essentially clarify the functional mechanism of MoOx layer, p-MoS2/n-Si heterojunction solar cells with or without MoOx interfacial layer are simulated using SCAPS software. The influences of band gap, electron affinity, thickness of MoS2 and front contact barrier height on the performances of p-MoS2/n-Si solar cells are theoretically studied. It is demonstrated that p-MoS2/n-Si solar cell can achieve a high efficiency of 21.9%. With the appearance of MoOx, the effect of location, electron affinity and thickness of MoOx on the photovoltaic performances p-MoS2/n-Si heterojunction solar cells are studied. The efficiencies of p-MoS2/p-MoOx/n-Si solar cells are significantly reduced to be lower than 11.4%, p-MoOx/p-MoS2/n-Si solar cells maintain superior efficiencies over 20% in a large range of electron affinities lower than 3.0 eV for p-MoOx. Consequently, in modulating the Fermi level of MoS2 films through MoOx doping, p-MoOx capping layer is suggested to be located between MoS2 and front electrode rather than at p-MoS2/n-Si interface, to maintain the excellent performances of p-MoS2/n-Si solar cells.
Opportunities for cost-effective manufacturing of fully printed high performance displays enabled by vertical light-emitting transistor pixels
Authors: Vasilyeva Svetlana V , Chen Xiao , Katsui Hiromitsu , Miyachi Koichi , Huang Shao-Ting , Rinzler Andrew G , Lemaitre Maxime G , Liu Bo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
With the vertical organic light-emitting transistor (VOLET), we introduce a promising solution that could significantly benefit the manufacturing of displays, accelerating the wide adoption of flexible and printed electronics. The VOLET—like conventional, lateral channel, organic thin film transistors—is compatible with a variety of printing techniques as well as flexible substrates and low-temperature processing. In combination these devices will enable a more cost-effective approach to mass-production that can dramatically extend the market potential of active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays. In this paper we discuss the prospects that AMOLED presents for the future of the display market, with a focus on the innovative VOLET device architecture. We assess how the integration of this device into active-matrix displays can contribute to the long range sustained competitiveness of AMOLED technology. We review recent progress in mass production techniques for printed electronics, with a particular emphasis on large-scale carbon nanotube material deposition. Finally, we explore the prospects for fully printed active-matrix light-emitting displays, including a review of high-performance printed components whose integration could facilitate the mass production of low-cost, high-performance, VOLET based AMOLEDs.
scAce: an adaptive embedding and clustering method for single-cell gene expression data
Authors: He Xinwei , Qian Kun , Wang Ziqian , Zeng Shirou , Li Hongwei , Li Wei Vivian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Since the development of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies, clustering analysis of single-cell gene expression data has been an essential tool for distinguishing cell types and identifying novel cell types. Even though many methods have been available for scRNA-seq clustering analysis, the majority of them are constrained by the requirement on predetermined cluster numbers or the dependence on selected initial cluster assignment.

Results
In this article, we propose an adaptive embedding and clustering method named scAce, which constructs a variational autoencoder to simultaneously learn cell embeddings and cluster assignments. In the scAce method, we develop an adaptive cluster merging approach which achieves improved clustering results without the need to estimate the number of clusters in advance. In addition, scAce provides an option to perform clustering enhancement, which can update and enhance cluster assignments based on previous clustering results from other methods. Based on computational analysis of both simulated and real datasets, we demonstrate that scAce outperforms state-of-the-art clustering methods for scRNA-seq data, and achieves better clustering accuracy and robustness.

Availability and implementation
The scAce package is implemented in python 3.8 and is freely available from https://github.com/sldyns/scAce.