bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional strain imaging of irradiated chromium using multi-reflection Bragg coherent diffraction
Authors: Jossou Ericmoore , Assefa Tadesse A. , Suzana Ana F. , Wu Longlong , Campbell Colleen , Harder Ross , Cha Wonsuk , Kisslinger Kim , Sun Cheng , Gan Jian , Ecker Lynne , Robinson Ian K. , Gill Simerjeet K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRadiation-induced materials degradation is a key concern in limiting the performance of nuclear materials. The formation of nanoscale void and gas bubble superlattices in metals and alloys under radiation environments can effectively mitigate radiation-induced damage, such as swelling and aid the development of next generation radiation tolerant materials. To effectively manage radiation-induced damage via superlattice formation, it is critical to understand the microstructural changes and strain induced by such superlattices. We utilize multi-reflection Bragg coherent diffraction imaging to quantify the full strain tensor induced by void superlattices in iron irradiated chromium substrate. Our approach provides a quantitative estimation of radiation-induced three-dimensional (3D) strain generated at the microscopic level and predicts the number density of defects with a high degree of sensitivity. Such quantitative evaluation of 3D strain in nuclear materials can have a major impact on predicting materials behavior in radiation environments and can revolutionize design of radiation tolerant materials.
Injectable decellularized cartilage matrix hydrogel encapsulating urine-derived stem cells for immunomodulatory and cartilage defect regeneration
Authors: Zeng Junfeng , Huang Liping , Xiong Huazhang , Li Qianjin , Wu Chenyu , Huang Yizhou , Xie Huiqi , Shen Bin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractReconstruction of complex cartilage defects has remained a great challenge for tissue engineering due to the lack of stem cells and chronic inflammation within the joint. In this study, we have developed an injectable pig cartilage-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogels for the repair of cartilage defects, which has shown sound biocompatibility and immunomodulatory capacity both in vitro and in vivo. The dECM hydrogels can enhance the chondrogenic differentiation of human urine-derived stem cells (USCs). As shown by in vitro experiment, the USCs in the dECM hydrogels have survived, proliferated, and produced a mass of cartilage-specific extracellular matrix containing collagen II and aggrecan. And the USCs-laden dECM hydrogels have shown the capacity to promote the secretion of extracellular matrix, modulate the immune response and promote cartilage regeneration in the rat model for cartilage defect.
φ-Aromaticity in prismatic {Bi6}-based clusters
Authors: Peerless Benjamin , Schmidt Andreas , Franzke Yannick J. , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe occurrence of aromaticity in organic molecules is widely accepted, but its occurrence in purely metallic systems is less widespread. Molecules comprising only metal atoms (M) are known to be able to exhibit aromatic behaviour, sustaining ring currents inside an external magnetic field along M–M connection axes (σ-aromaticity) or above and below the plane (π-aromaticity) for cyclic or cage-type compounds. However, all-metal compounds provide an extension of the electrons’ mobility also in other directions. Here, we show that regular {Bi6} prisms exhibit a non-localizable molecular orbital of f-type symmetry and generate a strong ring current that leads to a behaviour referred to as φ-aromaticity. The experimentally observed heterometallic cluster [{CpRu}3Bi6]–, based on a regular prismatic {Bi6} unit, displays aromatic behaviour; according to quantum chemical calculations, the corresponding hypothetical Bi62− prism shows a similar behaviour. By contrast, [{(cod)Ir}3Bi6] features a distorted Bi6 moiety that inhibits φ-aromaticity.
Phytocyanin-encoding genes confer enhanced ozone tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Saji Shoko , Saji Hikaru , Sage-Ono Kimiyo , Ono Michiyuki , Nakajima Nobuyoshi , Aono Mitsuko 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOzone is a phytotoxic air pollutant that has various damaging effects on plants, including chlorosis and growth inhibition. Although various physiological and genetic studies have elucidated some of the mechanisms underlying plant ozone sensitivity and lesion development, our understanding of plant response to this gas remains incomplete. Here, we show evidence for the involvement of certain apoplastic proteins called phytocyanins, such as AtUC5, that protect against ozone damage. Two representative ozone-inducible responses, chlorosis and stomatal closure, were suppressed in AtUC5-overexpressing plants. Analysis of transgenic plants expressing a chimeric protein composed of AtUC5 fused to green fluorescent protein indicated that this fusion protein localises to the apoplast of plant cells where it appears to suppress early responses to ozone damage such as generation or signalling of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, yeast two-hybrid analyses suggest that AtUC5 may physically interact with stress-related proteins such as copper amine oxidase and late embryogenesis abundant protein-like protein. In addition to AtUC5, other examined phytocyanins such as AtUC6 and AtSC3 could confer ozone tolerance to plants when overexpressed in A. thaliana, suggesting that these proteins act together to protect plants against oxidative stress factors.
Climatic control on the location of continental volcanic arcs
Authors: Muller Veleda A. P. , Sternai Pietro , Sue Christian , Simon-Labric Thibaud , Valla Pierre G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOrogens and volcanic arcs at continental plate margins are primary surface expressions of convergent plate tectonics. Although it is established that climate affects the shape, size, and architecture of orogens via orographic erosion gradients, the ascent of magma through the crust and location of volcanoes along magmatic arcs have been considered insensitive to erosion. However, available data reveal westward migration of late-Cenozoic volcanic activity in the Southern Andes and Cascade Range where orography drives an eastward migration of the topographic water divide by increased precipitation and erosion along west-facing slopes. Thermomechanical numerical modeling shows that orographic erosion and the associated leeward topographic migration may entail asymmetric crustal structures that drive the magma ascent toward the region of enhanced erosion. Despite the different tectonic histories of the Southern Andes and the Cascade Range, orographic erosion is a shared causal mechanism that can explain the late-Cenozoic westward migration of the volcanic front along both magmatic arcs.
Fibroblast growth factor-2 bound to specific dermal fibroblast-derived extracellular vesicles is protected from degradation
Authors: Petit Isabelle , Levy Ayelet , Estrach Soline , Féral Chloé C. , Trentin Andrea Gonçalves , Dingli Florent , Loew Damarys , Qu Jieqiong , Zhou Huiqing , Théry Clotilde , Prunier Céline , Aberdam Daniel , Ferrigno Olivier 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) has multiple roles in cutaneous wound healing but its natural low stability prevents the development of its use in skin repair therapies. Here we show that FGF2 binds the outer surface of dermal fibroblast (DF)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and this association protects FGF2 from fast degradation. EVs isolated from DF cultured in the presence of FGF2 harbor FGF2 on their surface and FGF2 can bind purified EVs in absence of cells. Remarkably, FGF2 binding to EVs is restricted to a specific subpopulation of EVs, which do not express CD63 and CD81 markers. Treatment of DF with FGF2-EVs activated ERK and STAT signaling pathways and increased cell proliferation and migration. Local injection of FGF2-EVs improved wound healing in mice. We further demonstrated that binding to EVs protects FGF2 from both thermal and proteolytic degradation, thus maintaining FGF2 function. This suggests that EVs protect soluble factors from degradation and increase their stability and half-life. These results reveal a novel aspect of EV function and suggest EVs as a potential tool for delivering FGF2 in skin healing therapies.
Magnitude of depression and its associated factors among patients with diabetes mellitus at public hospitals in Southwest Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Birhanu Habtamu , Zenu Sabit , Sheleme Tadesse , Tefera Kefeni Bilisumamulifna 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDepression is the third-leading cause of disability measured in terms of disability-adjusted life-years. When depression coexists with diabetes mellitus, it is associated with major health consequences and results in poor health outcomes, decreased quality of life, lost productivity and increased risk of death. The current study aimed to assess the magnitude of depression and its associated factors among adult patients with diabetes mellitus attending follow-up at the public hospitals of Buno Bedele zone, Southwest Ethiopia. A multi-centre cross-sectional study was done among people living with diabetes mellitus at an outpatient clinic of Buno Bedele zone hospitals. The study period was from April to May 2021. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Depression was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 is a validated tool to assess depression with sensitivity 86% and specificity 67%. The collected data were cleaned, edited, and entered into epi-data version 3.1, and analysed using SPSS version 24. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with depression occurrence. A p value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 310 study participants were included in this study. Among study participants, 41.6% fulfilled the criteria for depression. Variables significantly associated with depression were female gender [AOR: 2.26, 95% CI (1.30, 3.95)], duration of diabetes greater than 5 years [AOR: 2.68, 95% CI (1.57, 4.56)], poor social support [AOR: 2.46, 95% CI (1.10, 5.49)], moderate social support [AOR: 2.63, 95% CI (1.34, 5.16)], current alcohol consumption [AOR: 3.55, 95% CI (1.20, 10.52)] and previous alcohol consumption [AOR = 2.81, 95% CI (1.40, 5.60)]. According to this study, depression is relatively common among diabetic individuals. Being a female, having diabetes for a long time, having poor social support, using alcohol now and in the past were factors that substantially linked to depression. Healthcare professionals should consider screening for depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 or other validated tools in all diabetic patients, especially in those who are at higher risk.
Neuronal deletion of CaV1.2 is associated with sex-specific behavioral phenotypes in mice
Authors: Klomp Annette J. , Plumb Ashley , Mehr Jacqueline B. , Madencioglu Deniz A. , Wen Hsiang , Williams Aislinn J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe gene CACNA1C, which encodes the pore forming subunit of the L-type calcium channel CaV1.2, is associated with increased risk for neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, major depression, and bipolar disorder. Previous rodent work identified that loss or reduction of CaV1.2 results in cognitive, affective, and motor deficits. Most previous work has either included non-neuronal cell populations (haploinsufficient and Nestin-Cre) or investigated a discrete neuronal cell population (e.g. CaMKII-Cre, Drd1-Cre), but few studies have examined the effects of more broad neuron-specific deletion of CaV1.2. Additionally, most of these studies did not evaluate for sex-specific effects or used only male animals. Here, we sought to clarify whether there are sex-specific behavioral consequences of neuron-specific deletion of CaV1.2 (neuronal CaV1.2 cKO) using Syn1-Cre-mediated conditional deletion. We found that neuronal CaV1.2 cKO mice have normal baseline locomotor function but female cKO mice display impaired motor performance learning. Male neuronal CaV1.2 cKO display impaired startle response with intact pre-pulse inhibition. Male neuronal CaV1.2 cKO mice did not display normal social preference, whereas female neuronal CaV1.2 cKO mice did. Neuronal CaV1.2 cKO mice displayed impaired associative learning in both sexes, as well as normal anxiety-like behavior and hedonic capacity. We conclude that deletion of neuronal CaV1.2 alters motor performance, acoustic startle reflex, and social behaviors in a sex-specific manner, while associative learning deficits generalize across sexes. Our data provide evidence for both sex-specific and sex-independent phenotypes related to neuronal expression of CaV1.2.
Probabilistic projections of El Niño Southern Oscillation properties accounting for model dependence and skill
Authors: Olson Roman , Kim Soong-Ki , Fan Yanan , An Soon-Il 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a dominant mode of global climate variability. Nevertheless, future multi-model probabilistic projections of ENSO properties have not yet been made. Main roadblocks that have been hindering making these projections are climate model dependence and difficulty in quantifying historical model performance. Dependence is broadly defined as similarity between climate model output, assumptions, or physical parameterizations. Here, we propose a unifying metric of relative model performance, based on the probability density function (PDF) of ENSO paths. This metric is applied to assess the overall skill of Climate Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) climate models at capturing ENSO. We then perform future multi-model probabilistic projections of changes in ENSO properties (from years 1850–1949 to 2040–2099) under the shared socioeconomic pathway scenario SSP585, accounting for model skill and dependence. We find that future ENSO will likely be more seasonally locked (89% chance), and have a longer period (67% chance). Yet, the jury is still out on future ENSO amplification. Our method reduces uncertainty by up to 37% compared to a simple approach ignoring model dependence and skill.
Synthesis, molecular docking, and in-vitro studies of pyrimidine-2-thione derivatives as antineoplastic agents via potential RAS/PI3K/Akt/JNK inhibition in breast carcinoma cells
Authors: Salem Maha M. , Gerges Marian N. , Noser Ahmed A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the present investigation, derivatives from (2–6) containing pyrimidine-2-thione moiety incorporated with different heterocycles such as pyrazoline, phenyl pyrazoline, and pyrimidine were synthesized using different methods. These pyrimidine-2-thione derivatives were evaluated in-silico for their capability to inhibit the H-RAS-GTP active form protein with insight to their pharmacokinetics properties. According to our findings, compound 5a was selected for in vitro studies as it has the in-silico top-ranked binding energy. Furthermore, compound 5a induced apoptosis to panels of cancer cell lines with the best IC50 on MCF-7 breast cancer cells (2.617 ± 1.6 µM). This effect was associated with the inhibition of phosphorylated RAS, JNK proteins, and PI3K/Akt genes expression. Thus, compound 5a has upregulated p21 gene and p53 protein levels. Moreover, 5a arrested the cell cycle progression at the sub-G0/G1 phase. In conclusion, the synthesized compound, 5a exhibited potent antineoplastic activity against breast cancer cell growth by targeting RAS/ PI3K/Akt/ JNK signaling cascades.
A proof-of-concept study to investigate the efficacy of heat-inactivated autovaccines in Mycobacterium caprae experimentally challenged goats
Authors: Melgarejo Cristian , Planas Carles , Cobos Alex , Arrieta-Villegas Claudia , Sevilla Iker A. , Bezos Javier , Moll Xavier , Espada Yvonne , Garrido Joseba M. , Domingo Mariano , Vidal Enric , Pérez de Val Bernat 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the efficacy of a heat-inactivated Mycobacterium caprae (HIMC) vaccine in goats experimentally challenged with the same strain of M. caprae. Twenty-one goats were divided into three groups of seven: vaccinated with heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis (HIMB), with HIMC and unvaccinated. At 7 weeks post-vaccination all animals were endobronchially challenged with M. caprae. Blood samples were collected for immunological assays and clinical signs were recorded throughout the experiment. All goats were euthanized at 9 weeks post-challenge. Gross pathological examination, analysis of lung pathology using computed tomography, and bacterial load quantification in pulmonary lymph nodes (LN) by qPCR were carried out. Only HIMC vaccinated goats showed a significant reduction of lung lesions volume and mycobacterial DNA load in LN compared to unvaccinated controls. Both vaccinated groups showed also a significant reduction of the other pathological parameters, an improved clinical outcome and a higher proportion of IFN-γ-producing central memory T cells after vaccination. The results indicated that homologous vaccination of goats with HIMC induced enhanced protection against M. caprae challenge by reducing lung pathology and bacterial load compared to the heterologous vaccine (HIMB). Further large-scale trials are necessary to assess the efficacy of autovaccines under field conditions.
Transcriptome analysis reveals differential transcription in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) following inoculation with Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: Chen Na , Shao Qin , Lu Qineng , Li Xiaopeng , Gao Yang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a major Solanaceae crop worldwide and is vulnerable to bacterial wilt (BW) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum during the production process. BW has become a growing concern that could enormously deplete the tomato yield from 50 to 100% and decrease the quality. Research on the molecular mechanism of tomato regulating BW resistance is still limited. In this study, two tomato inbred lines (Hm 2–2, resistant to BW; and BY 1–2, susceptible to BW) were used to explore the molecular mechanism of tomato in response to R. solanacearum infection by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. We identified 1923 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Hm 2–2 and BY 1–2 after R. solanacearum inoculation. Among these DEGs, 828 were up-regulated while 1095 were down-regulated in R-3dpi (Hm 2–2 at 3 days post-inoculation with R. solanacearum) vs. R-mock (mock-inoculated Hm 2–2); 1087 and 2187 were up- and down-regulated, respectively, in S-3dpi (BY 1–2 at 3 days post-inoculation with R. solanacearum) vs. S-mock (mock-inoculated BY 1–2). Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that the largest amount of DEGs were annotated with the Biological Process terms, followed by Cellular Component and Molecular Function terms. A total of 114, 124, 85, and 89 regulated (or altered) pathways were identified in R-3dpi vs. R-mock, S-3dpi vs. S-mock, R-mock vs. S-mock, and R-3dpi vs. S-3dpi comparisons, respectively, by Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. These clarified the molecular function and resistance pathways of DEGs. Furthermore, quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis confirmed the expression patterns of eight randomly selected DEGs, which suggested that the RNA-seq results were reliable. Subsequently, in order to further verify the reliability of the transcriptome data and the accuracy of qRT-PCR results, WRKY75, one of the eight DEGs was silenced by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and the defense response of plants to R. solanacearum infection was analyzed. In conclusion, the findings of this study provide profound insight into the potential mechanism of tomato in response to R. solanacearum infection, which lays an important foundation for future studies on BW.
Effect of congestion avoidance due to congestion information provision on optimizing agent dynamics on an endogenous star network topology
Authors: Tsuzuki Satori , Yanagisawa Daichi , Nishinari Katsuhiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study elucidates the effect of congestion avoidance of agents given congestion information on optimizing traffic in a star topology in which the central node is connected to isolated secondary nodes with different preferences. Each agent at the central node stochastically selects a secondary node by referring to the declining preferences based on the congestion rate of the secondary nodes. We investigated two scenarios: (1) repeated visits and (2) a single visit for each node. For (1), we found that multivariate statistics describe well the nonlinear dependence of agent distribution on the number of secondaries, demonstrating the existence of the number of secondaries that makes the distribution the most uniform. For (2), we discovered that congestion avoidance linearizes the travel time for all agents visiting all nodes; in contrast, the travel time increases exponentially with secondaries when not referring to congestion information. Health examination epitomizes this finding; by allowing patients to be preferentially selected for examination in vacant examination sites, we can linearize the time it takes for everyone to complete their examination. We successfully described the optimization effect of congestion avoidance on the collective dynamics of agents in star topologies.
Fe3O4@Glycerol-Cu as a novel heterogeneous magnetic nanocatalyst for the green synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes
Authors: Poursattar Marjani Ahmad , Asadzadeh Fatemeh , Danandeh Asl Aria 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the present study, the Fe3O4@Glycerol-Cu complex supported magnetically as a nanoparticle was prepared by grafting. Firstly, Fe3O4 NPs were synthesized by FeCl3.6H2O and FeCl2.4H2O according to the reported method, and subsequently, the prepared MNP with 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane. After that, the support-glycerol was functionalized on the surface of MNP-(CH2)3Cl for graft and stabilization of copper metal. Our purpose is to use the Fe3O4@Glycerol-Cu as a green, recoverable, novel, and affordable nanocatalyst in the effective synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes. FT-IR, XRD, TGA, BET, VSM, TEM, and SEM–EDX techniques were examined to characterize this nanocatalyst. This result demonstrates that copper and organic compounds have appropriately reacted, with the support of MNP-(CH2)3Cl, and the crystalline structure have preserved in the MNP-(CH2)3Cl/Glycerol-Cu nanocatalyst confirmed the formation of the base Cu complex grafted on the surface of the nanoparticles. Finally, as can be seen, the nanoparticle size is 5–15 nm. This heterogeneous nanocatalyst illustrated excellent recyclable behavior, and can be used several times without notable reduction of its activity.