bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of nail bed repair in children with or without replacing the fingernail: NINJA multicentre randomized clinical trial
Authors: Jain Abhilash , Greig Aina V H , Jones Amy , Cooper Cushla , Davies Loretta , Greshon Akiko , Fletcher Heidi , Sierakowski Adam , Dritsaki Melina , Nguyen Thi Thu An , Png May Ee , Stokes Jamie R , Dakin Helen , Cook Jonathan A , Beard David J , Gardiner Matthew D ,   NINJA Collaborative, Mertic A , Gerrish H , Cranmer K , Fox N , Dutta P , Vissers G , Costa P , Irri R , McArthur G , Horwitz M , Sleiwah A , Jephson H , Deeley M , Nicholas R , Vinnicombe Z , Nicola A , Chuo C Bing , Milner C , Heaney J , Totty J , Fleet M , Khadim M Faheem , Williams P , Bibawy S , Round A , Pinder R , Plonczak A , Lawton G , Kennedy D , Bennett A , Fadulelmola A , James J , Reay E , Beadon K , Cameron T , Oliver Z , Wensley K , Dupré S , Rodriguez J , Furniss D , Gale M , Knight A , Tulip J , Turner L , Wellings L , Allen M , Wade R , Itte V , Bourke G , Kumar N , O'Sullivan S , Jones J W M , Young K , Taylor K , Dawood O , Booth S , Giwa L , Pearl R , Coutts A , Hawkins R , Mostafa A , Nisbett T , Riddlestone P , Selby A , Uzoho C , Chasiouras D , Bainbridge L C , Buick T , Lam W , Baker B , Walsh K , Keating K , Dalan R , Shah M , Mead D , Diment S , Nicolau M , Smeeton B , Thomson D , Senior N , Moledina J , Colville J , Manso K , Song M , Manley O , Drury P , Kerstein R , Cobb W , Wormald J , Shirley R , Tan A , Arnaout A , Cruz C , Brice N , Segaren N , Joji N , Chawla R , Hassanin S , Adami R , Ridha H , Cook A , Symington L , Long R , Dustagheer S , Jarvis H , Larsen M , Williams M , Trickett R , Miles D , Pai A , Honeywell C , Brady C , Madhavan S , Manou V , Phillips G , Baker R 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Surgery for nail bed injuries in children is common. One of the key surgical decisions is whether to replace the nail plate following nail bed repair. The aim of this RCT was to assess the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of nail bed repair with fingernail replacement/substitution compared with repair without fingernail replacement.

Methods
A two-arm 1 : 1 parallel-group open multicentre superiority RCT was performed across 20 secondary-care hospitals in the UK. The co-primary outcomes were surgical-site infection at around 7 days after surgery and cosmetic appearance summary score at a minimum of 4 months.

Results
Some 451 children presenting with a suspected nail bed injury were recruited between July 2018 and July 2019; 224 were allocated to the nail-discarded arm, and 227 to the nail-replaced arm. There was no difference in the number of surgical-site infections at around 7 days between the two interventions or in cosmetic appearance. The mean total healthcare cost over the 4 months after surgery was €84 (95 per cent c.i. 34 to 140) lower for the nail-discarded arm than the nail-replaced arm (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
After nail bed repair, discarding the fingernail was associated with similar rates of infection and cosmesis ratings as replacement of the finger nail, but was cost saving. Registration number: ISRCTN44551796 (http://www.controlled-trials.com).
Neuropathy due to bi-allelic SH3TC2 variants: genotype-phenotype correlation and natural history
Authors: Rehbein Tyler , Wu Tong Tong , Treidler Simona , Pareyson Davide , Lewis Richard , Yum Sabrina W , McCray Brett A , Ramchandren Sindhu , Burns Joshua , Li Jun , Finkel Richard S , Scherer Steven S , Zuchner Stephan , Shy Michael E , Reilly Mary M , Herrmann David N 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Recessive SH3TC2 variants cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4C (CMT4C). CMT4C is typically a sensorimotor demyelinating polyneuropathy, marked by early onset spinal deformities, but its clinical characteristics and severity are quite variable. Clear relationships between pathogenic variants and the spectrum of disease manifestations are to date lacking. Gene replacement therapy has been shown to ameliorate the phenotype in a mouse model of CMT4C, emphasizing the need for natural history studies to inform clinical trial readiness.
Data, including both genetic information and clinical characteristics, were compiled from the longitudinal, prospective dataset of the Inherited Neuropathy Consortium, a member of the Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network (INC-RDCRN). The Charcot Marie Tooth Neuropathy Score (CMTNS), Examination Score (CMTES) and the Rasch-weighted CMTES (CMTES-R) were used to describe symptoms, neurological examinations and neurophysiological characteristics. Standardized response means were calculated at yearly intervals and a mixed model for repeated measures was used to estimate the change in CMTES and CMTES-R over time.
Fifty-six individuals (59% female), median age 27 years (range 2–67 years) with homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in SH3TC2 were identified, including 34 unique variants, 14 of which have not previously been published. Twenty-eight participants had longitudinal data available. While there was no significant difference in the CMTES in those with protein truncating versus non-protein truncating variants, there were significant differences in the mean ulnar nerve compound muscle action potential amplitude, the mean radial sensory nerve action potential amplitude, and in the prevalence of scoliosis, suggesting the possibility of a milder phenotype in individuals with one or two non-protein-truncating variants. Overall, the mean value of the CMTES was 13, reflecting moderate clinical severity. There was a high rate of scoliosis (81%), scoliosis surgery (36%), and walking difficulty (94%) among study participants. The CMTES and CMTES-R appeared moderately responsive to change over extended follow-up, demonstrating a standardized response mean of 0.81 standard deviation units or 0.71 standard deviation units, respectively, over 3 years.
Our analysis represents the largest cross-sectional and only longitudinal study to date, of the clinical phenotype of both adults and children with CMT4C. With the promise of upcoming genetic treatments, these data will further define the natural history of the disease and inform study design in preparation for clinical trials.
Autonomy of Provisional Measures or Autonomy of the International Court of Justice?
Authors: LI Zhenni 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
With growing demand for legally binding provisional measures (since LaGrand) on situations of ongoing tension, the International Court of Justice has passively extended its role from judicial settlement of dispute to crisis management and policy making as the world judiciary. Yet this proactive role has rendered the Court in dilemma given its consent-based jurisdiction and the contractual nature of the current international legal order. In such a context, Qatar v. UAE marks the second case (the first being Georgia v. Russia) where the Court stayed silent to the alleged non-compliance with provisional measures when jurisdiction is declined. Such silence intensifies the doubts about the so-called autonomy of provisional measures. Reviewing its jurisprudence, this Article traces the status quo of the Court’s position: The temporal validity of provisional measures where jurisdiction is declined remains equivocal, and the Court’s jurisdiction over the alleged non-compliance with provisional measures is based on its jurisdiction over the original dispute. Climbing from one intermediacy to another intermediacy, the regime of provisional measures does not simply develop upon legal positivism. Instead, it concerns the delicate balance of the multiplicity in the role of the Court and is inherently subject to the changing environment of the international legal order.
Use of PLE-ATD-GC/MSMS for the Quantification of Airborne Pesticides in Active and Passive Samples and in Dust
Authors: Rodrigues Anaïs , Delhomme Olivier , Millet Maurice 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
An analytical method coupling pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), pre-concentration by thermal desorption (ATD) and analysis by GC/MSMS was developed for the quantification of pesticides in air and dust near vineyards crops to evaluate potential exposure of residents living near these crops. PLE was done using acetonitrile and extracts were concentrated under fume hood to 1 mL. 100 μL of the extract was spiked in a Tenax TA tube and internal standards and N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide were added before thermal desorption at 300°C for 30 min. GC/MSMS analysis was done in MRM mode and limits of quantification and limits of detection were determined for each matrix (passive air sample, active air sample and dust). The method was applied in the field and shows good sensitivity and accuracy.
A pre-transplantation risk assessment tool for graft survival in Dutch pediatric kidney recipients
Authors: Oomen Loes , de Jong Huib , Bouts Antonia H M , Keijzer-Veen Mandy G , Cornelissen Elisabeth A M , de Wall Liesbeth L , Feitz Wout F J , Bootsma-Robroeks Charlotte M H H T 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
A prediction model for graft survival including donor and recipient characteristics could help clinical decision-making and optimize outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop a risk assessment tool for graft survival based on essential pre-transplantation parameters.

Methods
The data originated from the national Dutch registry (NOTR; Nederlandse OrgaanTransplantatie Registratie). A multivariable binary logistic model was used to predict graft survival, corrected for the transplantation era and time after transplantation. Subsequently, a prediction score was calculated from the β-coefficients. For internal validation, derivation (80%) and validation (20%) cohorts were defined. Model performance was assessed with the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics curve, Hosmer–Lemeshow test and calibration plots.

Results
In total, 1428 transplantations were performed. Ten-year graft survival was 42% for transplantations before 1990, which has improved to the current value of 92%. Over time, significantly more living and pre-emptive transplantations have been performed and overall donor age has increased (P &lt; .05).The prediction model included 71 829 observations of 554 transplantations between 1990 and 2021. Other variables incorporated in the model were recipient age, re-transplantation, number of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) mismatches and cause of kidney failure. The predictive capacity of this model had AUCs of 0.89, 0.79, 0.76 and 0.74 after 1, 5, 10 and 20 years, respectively (P &lt; .01). Calibration plots showed an excellent fit.

Conclusions
This pediatric pre-transplantation risk assessment tool exhibits good performance for predicting graft survival within the Dutch pediatric population. This model might support decision-making regarding donor selection to optimize graft outcomes.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05388955
The translational landscape of human vascular smooth muscle cells identifies novel short open reading frame-encoded peptide regulators for phenotype alteration
Authors: Li Kang , Li Bin , Zhang Dihua , Du Tailai , Zhou Huimin , Dai Gang , Yan Youchen , Gao Nailin , Zhuang Xiaodong , Liao Xinxue , Liu Chen , Dong Yugang , Chen Demeng , Qu Liang-Hu , Ou Jingsong , Yang Jian-Hua , Huang Zhan-Peng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Aims
The plasticity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) enables them to alter phenotypes under various physiological and pathological stimuli. The alteration of VSMC phenotype is a key step in vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. Although the transcriptome shift during VSMC phenotype alteration has been intensively investigated, uncovering multiple key regulatory signalling pathways, the translatome dynamics in this cellular process, remain largely unknown. Here, we explored the genome-wide regulation at the translational level of human VSMCs during phenotype alteration.

Methods and results
We generated nucleotide-resolution translatome and transcriptome data from human VSMCs undergoing phenotype alteration. Deep sequencing of ribosome-protected fragments (Ribo-seq) revealed alterations in protein synthesis independent of changes in messenger ribonucleicacid levels. Increased translational efficiency of many translational machinery components, including ribosomal proteins, eukaryotic translation elongation factors and initiation factors were observed during the phenotype alteration of VSMCs. In addition, hundreds of candidates for short open reading frame-encoded polypeptides (SEPs), a class of peptides containing 200 amino acids or less, were identified in a combined analysis of translatome and transcriptome data with a high positive rate in validating their coding capability. Three evolutionarily conserved SEPs were further detected endogenously by customized antibodies and suggested to participate in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by analysing the transcriptome and single cell RNA-seq data from patient atherosclerotic artery samples. Gain- and loss-of-function studies in human VSMCs and genetically engineered mice showed that these SEPs modulate the alteration of VSMC phenotype through different signalling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and p53 pathway.

Conclusion
Our study indicates that an increase in the capacity of translation, which is attributable to an increased quantity of translational machinery components, mainly controls alterations of VSMC phenotype at the level of translational regulation. In addition, SEPs could function as important regulators in the phenotype alteration of human VSMCs.
Adapting cybersecurity practice to reduce wildlife cybercrime
Authors: Haas Timothy C 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWildlife trafficking is driving many species to extinction and is overwhelming law enforcement efforts to stop it. At least a 2-fold increase in the number of traffickers who are put out of business is needed to help avoid these extinctions. A cybersecurity-based solution described in this article consists of a large international confederation of criminal investigators collecting intelligence on persons involved in wildlife trafficking, analyzing it, and then recommending to law enforcement (a) cybercriminals to detain, (b) cybercriminals to surveil, and (c) where and when to intercept cybercriminal-initiated wire transfers and shipments of wildlife products. Wildlife traffickers nowadays often use the internet to commit their cybercrimes. Prosecuting such crimes is challenging. Indeed, one of the top five challenges in cybersecurity is to develop methods for pursuing cybercriminals and bringing them to justice through the acquisition of digital evidence that links specific individuals to specific illegal acts. The proposed confederation finds two lists of wildlife cybercriminals to remove. The first is found by computing centrality measures on the statistically estimated (reconstructed) current social network of wildlife cybercriminals to identify those criminals whose removal would, according to social network theory, maximally disrupt the syndicate’s operations. This list contains criminals identified as kingpins, and/or information brokers. The second list consists of those m criminals whose removal results in the largest simulator-computed drop in poaching of the trafficked species over the next year. Database access control is a form of information security (InfoSec), or data security—a chief component of cybersecurity. Here, a distributed form of information security is developed for keeping a confederation’s criminal intelligence database secure from unauthorized access and insider threats. This procedure uses only peer-to-peer transactions. The illegal trade in rhino horn is used to illustrate how this confederation would use criminal intelligence from several countries to first build a simulation of the political–ecological system that contains the trafficking operation, and then use this statistically fitted simulator to identify those traffickers to remove, wire transfers to block, and wildlife product shipments to seize. All software to implement this federated database and its access control procedure is freely available.
Risks Factors Associated with the Development of Crohn’s Disease After Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis for Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fadel Michael G , Geropoulos Georgios , Warren Oliver J , Mills Sarah C , Tekkis Paris P , Celentano Valerio , Kontovounisios Christos 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundFollowing ileal pouch–anal anastomosis [IPAA] for ulcerative colitis [UC], up to 16% of patients develop Crohn’s disease of the pouch [CDP], which is a major cause of pouch failure. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify preoperative characteristics and risk factors for CDP development following IPAA.MethodsA literature search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMCare and CINAHL databases was performed for studies that reported data on predictive characteristics and outcomes of CDP development in patients who underwent IPAA for UC between January 1990 and August 2022. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effect models and between-study heterogeneity was assessed.ResultsSeven studies with 1274 patients were included: 767 patients with a normal pouch and 507 patients with CDP. Age at UC diagnosis (weighted mean difference [WMD] −2.85; 95% confidence interval [CI] −4.39 to −1.31; p = 0.0003; I2 54%) and age at pouch surgery [WMD −3.17; 95% CI −5.27 to −1.07; p = 0.003; I2 20%) were significantly lower in patients who developed CDP compared to a normal pouch. Family history of IBD was significantly associated with CDP (odds ratio [OR] 2.43; 95% CI 1.41–4.19; p = 0.001; I2 31%], along with a history of smoking [OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.35–2.39; p &lt; 0.0001; I2 0%]. Other factors such as sex and primary sclerosing cholangitis were found not to increase the risk of CDP.ConclusionsAge at UC diagnosis and pouch surgery, family history of IBD and previous smoking have been identified as potential risk factors for CDP post-IPAA. This has important implications towards preoperative counselling, planning surgical management and evaluating prognosis.
Phylogenetic diversity of core rumen microbiota as described by cryo-ET
Authors: Wimmer Benedikt H , Moraïs Sarah , Zalk Ran , Mizrahi Itzhak , Medalia Ohad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMicrobial taxonomy is critical for describing ecosystem composition, yet the link between taxonomy and properties of microbes, such as their cellular architecture, remains poorly defined. We hypothesized that the cellular architecture represents microbial niche adaptation. We used cryo-electron microscopy and tomography to analyze microbial morphology in order to associate cellular architecture with phylogeny and genomic contents. As a model system, we chose the core rumen microbiome and imaged a large isolate collection covering 90% of its richness at the order level. Based on quantifications of several morphological features, we found that the visual similarity of microbiota is significantly related to their phylogenetic distance. Up to the Family level, closely related microbes have similar cellular architectures, which are highly correlated with genome similarity. However, in more distantly related bacteria, the correlation both with taxonomy and genome similarity is lost. This is the first comprehensive study of microbial cellular architecture and our results highlight that structure remains an important parameter in classification of microorganisms, along with functional parameters such as metabolomics. Furthermore, the high-quality images presented in this study represent a reference database for the identification of bacteria in anaerobic ecosystems.
Mapping quantitative trait loci for biomass yield and yield-related traits in lowland switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) multiple populations
Authors: Shrestha Surya L , Tobias Christian M , Bhandari Hem S , Bragg Jennifer , Nayak Santosh , Goddard Ken , Allen Fred 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Switchgrass can be used as an alternative source for bioenergy production. Many breeding programs focus on the genetic improvement of switchgrass for increasing biomass yield. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping can help to discover marker-trait associations and accelerate the breeding process through marker-assisted selection. To identify significant QTL, this study mapped 7 hybrid populations and one combined of 2 hybrid populations (30–96 F1s) derived from Alamo and Kanlow genotypes. The populations were evaluated for biomass yield, plant height, and crown size in a simulated-sward plot with 2 replications at 2 locations in Tennessee from 2019 to 2021. The populations showed significant genetic variation for the evaluated traits and exhibited transgressive segregation. The 17,251 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated through genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) were used to construct a linkage map using a fast algorithm for multiple outbred families. The linkage map spanned 1,941 cM with an average interval of 0.11 cM between SNPs. The QTL analysis was performed on evaluated traits for each and across environments (year and location) that identified 5 QTL for biomass yield (logarithm of the odds, LOD 3.12–4.34), 4 QTL for plant height (LOD 3.01–5.64), and 7 QTL for crown size (LOD 3.0–4.46) (P ≤ 0.05). The major QTL for biomass yield, plant height, and crown size resided on chromosomes 8N, 6N, and 8K explained phenotypic variations of 5.6, 5.1, and 6.6%, respectively. SNPs linked to QTL could be incorporated into marker-assisted breeding to maximize the selection gain in switchgrass breeding.
Biologist Nikolai K. Koltzoff: the forgotten genius
Authors: Ptushenko Vasily V , Ramensky Evgeny V 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Nikolai K. Koltzoff (Koltsov) (1872–1940) is one of the key figures in Russian biology. He essentially initiated Russian physicochemical biology and established a large scientific school in the area. Among his disciples, there are the geneticists B.L. Astaurov, S.S. Chetverikov, N.P. Dubinin, V.P. Efroimson, I.A. Rapoport, V.V. Sakharov, and N.V. Timofeeff-Ressovsky; histologist G.I. Roskin, experimental surgeon A.G. Lapchinsky, developmental biologist M.M. Zavadovsky, physiologist L.V. Krushinsky, microbiologist S.M. Gershenson, biochemist V.A. Engelhardt, hydrobiologist G.G. Vinberg, cytologist M.A. Peshkov, and many other famous Soviet biologists. He made several fundamental discoveries; the first of them was the discovery of the cytoskeleton (1903). He was the first to formulate the idea of a crystal-like mechanism for copying inherited information (1927) and the principles of epigenetics (as well as the term itself, in 1934; it seems astonishing, but as early as 1915, he hypothesized that the gene methylation might be a mechanism of genetic variability). He started the work which later led his disciples V.V. Sakharov and I.A. Rapoport to the discovery of chemical mutagenesis. His research on sex regulation in silkworms was later successfully continued by B.L. Astaurov. Koltzoff encouraged S.S. Chetverikov, the entomologist, to study the genetics of natural Drosophila populations, which went on to form the basis of the Modern Synthesis reconciling Darwinian evolutionary theory and the Mendelian laws of heredity. Unfortunately, the name of N.K. Koltzoff has almost sunk into oblivion. This is largely due to the fact that mentioning his name was prohibited in the USSR over a long period of time, since he was a staunch opponent of Lysenko. In this paper dedicated to the 150th anniversary of Koltzoff, we briefly describe the milestones of the life and scientific research of this outstanding biologist and his scientific school.