bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lobar or sublobar resection for early-stage second primary lung cancer ≤ 3 cm in size: a SEER population-based study
Authors: Zhao Ke , Xia Chunqiu , Qiu Minghan , Yang Zhen , Cui Tingkai , Song Teng , Li Shuping , Mei Hanwei , Zheng Yang , Wang Huaqing 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Surgical strategy for second primary lung cancer (SPLC) may be more conservative due to influence of first primary lung cancer (FPLC). The optimal surgical method for SPLC warrants discussion. We aimed to explore a more suitable surgical approach for early-stage (T1-T2N0, ≤ 3 cm) SPLC and provide insights for clinical practice.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database between 2004 and 2018, and data of patients with early-stage SPLC who underwent secondary surgery were collected. Propensity score matching (PSM) reduced potential bias between lobar and sublobar resection groups. The effect of lobar and sublobar resection on overall survival (OS) was assessed in all patients and subgroups.

Results
A total of 714 patients who met the study entry criteria were enrolled, including 476 patients in the sublobar resection group (66.67%) and 238 patients in the lobar resection group (33.33%). There was no difference in OS between the lobar and sublobar resection groups before and after PSM (P = 0.289) and (P = 0.608), respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that lobar resection achieved a significantly better OS than sublobar resection only in patients with an SPLC tumor size of 2–3 cm (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
The OS of sublobar resection was not significantly different from that of lobar resection for early-stage SPLC. For SPLC with a 2–3 cm tumor size, lobar resection is more advantageous than sublobar resection.
Use and safety of peripherally inserted central catheters and midline catheters in palliative care cancer patients: a retrospective review
Authors: Gravdahl Eva , Steine Siri , Augestad Knut Magne , Fredheim Olav Magnus 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Some cancer patients in palliative care require intravenous administration of symptom relieving drugs. Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) and midline catheters (MCs) provide easy and accessible intravenous access. However, limited evidence supports the use of these devices in palliative care. The aim was to assess the use, safety, and efficacy of PICC and MC in this patient population.

Methods
A retrospective study of all palliative care cancer patients who received PICC or MC at the Department of Palliative Medicine at Akershus University Hospital between 2020 and 2022.

Results
A total of 374 patients were included; 239 patients received a PICC and 135 an MC with a total catheterization duration of 11,698 days. The catheters remained in place until death in 91% of patients, with a median catheter dwell time of 21 days for PICCs and 2 days for MCs. The complication rate was 3.3 per 1000 catheter days, with minor bleeding and accidental dislocation as the most common. The catheters were utilized primarily for opioids and other symptom directed treatments, and 89% of patients received a patient or nurse-controlled analgesia pump. Patients with PICC or MC discharged to home or nursing homes spent 81% of their time out of hospital.

Conclusion
PICC and MC provide safe parenteral access for palliative care cancer patients where intravenous symptom treatment is indicated. Their use can facilitate intravenous symptom treatment beyond the confines of a hospital and supplement the traditional practice relying on subcutaneous administration.
Training models and simulators for endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Santona Giacomo , Madoglio Alba , Mattavelli Davide , Rigante Mario , Ferrari Marco , Lauretti Liverana , Mattogno Pierpaolo , Parrilla Claudio , De Bonis Pasquale , Galli Jacopo , Olivi Alessandro , Fontanella Marco Maria , Fiorentino Antonio , Serpelloni Mauro , Doglietto Francesco 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEndoscopic transsphenoidal surgery is a novel surgical technique requiring specific training. Different models and simulators have been recently suggested for it, but no systematic review is available. To provide a systematic and critical literature review and up-to-date description of the training models or simulators dedicated to endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. A search was performed on PubMed and Scopus databases for articles published until February 2023; Google was also searched to document commercially available. For each model, the following features were recorded: training performed, tumor/arachnoid reproduction, assessment and validation, and cost. Of the 1199 retrieved articles, 101 were included in the final analysis. The described models can be subdivided into 5 major categories: (1) enhanced cadaveric heads; (2) animal models; (3) training artificial solutions, with increasing complexity (from “box-trainers” to multi-material, ct-based models); (4) training simulators, based on virtual or augmented reality; (5) Pre-operative planning models and simulators. Each available training model has specific advantages and limitations. Costs are high for cadaver-based solutions and vary significantly for the other solutions. Cheaper solutions seem useful only for the first stages of training. Most models do not provide a simulation of the sellar tumor, and a realistic simulation of the suprasellar arachnoid. Most artificial models do not provide a realistic and cost-efficient simulation of the most delicate and relatively common phase of surgery, i.e., tumor removal with arachnoid preservation; current research should optimize this to train future neurosurgical generations efficiently and safely.
Start thinking in graphs: using graphs to address critical attack paths in a Microsoft cloud tenant
Authors: Elmiger Marius , Lemoudden Mouad , Pitropakis Nikolaos , Buchanan William J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe challenge of securing IT environments has reached a new complexity level as a growing number of organisations adopt cloud solutions. This trend increases the possibility of overseen attack paths in an organisation’s IT infrastructure. This paper proposes a methodology for assessing the security of a Microsoft cloud tenant based on the relationships between different cloud entities through the use of graphs. This paper argues for using graph theory as an effective method to understand and uncover complex entity attack paths. To achieve this, we implemented a graph analytics platform using data from a Microsoft cloud test tenant. Methods based on graph theory proved to measurably reduce possible attack paths. Our research can support defenders who want to better understand the interrelationships of Microsoft cloud entities as well as identify and remediate possible attack paths.
The worldwide epidemiology of lip and oral cavity cancer attributable to smoking based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Wang Yifeng , Zhuo Lidan , Yang Saiyan , Dong Cheng , Hu Xuzhi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Aim
To analyze the worldwide epidemiology of lip and oral cavity cancer attributable to smoking.

Methods
The worldwide epidemiology of lip and oral cavity cancer attributable to smoking and its spatial distribution differences were analyzed using the age-standardized mortality rate, age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate, and estimated annual percent change (EAPC) according to information from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Results
The number of deaths and DALYs associated with lip and oral cavity cancer attributable to smoking globally showed upward trends from 1990 to 2019, but the age-standardized mortality and DALYs rates decreased. The age-standardized mortality rate gradually increased with age. The age-standardized mortality and DALYs rates were markedly higher in low-middle social development index (SDI) regions than in other regions. The age-standardized mortality and DALYs rates showed slight increasing trends (EAPC = 0.16 and 0.07, respectively) in middle-SDI regions and the greatest decrease (EAPC = –1.60 and –1.74, respectively) in high-SDI regions. The three regions with the highest age-standardized mortality and DALYs rates were South Asia (1.59; 39.68), Eastern Europe (1.33; 40.59), and Central Europe (1.30; 37.67), but the largest increases were observed in East Asia (EAPC = 2.32, EAPC = 2.30), the Northern Mariana Islands (EAPC = 3.79, EAPC = 3.67), and Cabo Verde (EAPC = 2.84; DALY, EAPC = 3.38).

Conclusion
The overall disease burden attributable to smoking is decreasing, but the number of deaths and DALYs are still increasing. Moreover, there are regional and national differences, and high-risk regions and countries should implement targeted interventions to reduce the burden.
Ramifications of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) among developing countries’ higher education staffs
Authors: Bayaga Anass , du Plessis André 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA considerable amount of research using Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) has been conducted worldwide to investigate the intention and actual usage of Learning Management Systems (LMS) by tertiary staff during COVID-19. However, there seems to be a lack of such research in developing countries like South Africa. Equally important is the examination of how UTAUT, in the context of developing countries, either supports or contradicts existing findings. Our motivation, therefore, was to determine whether the behavioural intention (BI) of tertiary staff within the context of a developing country aligns with or contradicts existing findings. Simultaneously, we aimed to explore the areas identified by UTAUT that should be addressed or considered based on these factors. We also incorporated additional context specific to developing countries. Guided by ten (10) hypotheses, we employed partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyse the measurement and structural models using a survey of two hundred and sixty-four (264) respondents from one university in the Province of the Eastern Cape in South Africa. According to the UTAUT model, several factors such as performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), attitude toward using technology (ATT), social influence (SF), self-efficacy (SE), anxiety (ANX), and facilitating conditions (FC) influence BI. However, the results obtained through path coefficient bootstrapping, using 10,000 subsamples, revealed that the intention to use LMS was explained by only three latent constructs: facilitating conditions (FC→ BI), performance expectancy (PE→ BI), and social-influence (SI→ BI). These three factors collectively accounted for approximately 44% of the variance (R-squared) in BI. We argue that instead of solely critiquing UTAUT, it is essential to consider its limitations and explore future research opportunities, particularly in connecting BI with actual usage. Overall, the theoretical implications of these results underscore the importance of acknowledging the influence of context and the limitations of existing theories in understanding technology acceptance in developing countries.
Verification modulo theories
Authors: Cimatti Alessandro , Griggio Alberto , Mover Sergio , Roveri Marco , Tonetta Stefano 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the problem of model checking fair transition systems expressed symbolically in the framework of Satisfiability Modulo Theories. This problem, referred to as Verification Modulo Theories, is tackled by combining two key elements from the legacy of Ed Clarke: SAT-based verification and abstraction refinement. We show how fundamental SAT-based algorithms have been lifted to deal with the extended expressiveness with a tight integration of abstraction within a CEGAR loop. In turn, the case of nonlinear theories is based on a CEGAR loop over the linear case. These two elements have also deeply impacted the development of the NuSMV model checker, born from a joint project between FBK and CMU, and its successor nuXmv, whose core integrates SMT-based techniques for VMT.
Deinotherium levius and Tetralophodon longirostris (Proboscidea, Mammalia) from the Late Miocene hominid locality Hammerschmiede (Bavaria, Germany), and their biostratigraphic significance for the terrestrial faunas of the European Miocene
Authors: Konidaris George E. , Lechner Thomas , Kampouridis Panagiotis , Böhme Madelaine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDuring the Miocene, proboscideans reached their greatest diversification, and due to their marked evolutionary changes in dental size and morphology, they comprise an important biostratigraphic/biochronological tool. In this article, we study the proboscideans from the Late Miocene hominid locality Hammerschmiede (Germany), whose fossiliferous layers HAM 6, HAM 4 and HAM 5 are dated to 11.42, 11.44 and 11.62 Ma, respectively. The studied material consists of mandibular, tusk and cheek tooth specimens, which are attributed to the deinothere Deinotherium levius and the tetralophodont gomphothere Tetralophodon longirostris. An almost complete juvenile mandible of D. levius was CT-scanned and revealed that the erupting lower tusks represent the permanent ones. The mandible is most possibly associated with a lower deciduous tusk, and therefore these specimens capture the rare, and short in duration, moment of transition between deciduous and permanent lower tusks in fossil proboscideans and represent the first such example in deinotheres. The chronologically well-constrained proboscidean fauna from Hammerschmiede and the examination of other assemblages from European localities indicate that the coexistence of D. levius and T. longirostris characterizes the late Astaracian–earliest Vallesian, while Hammerschmiede may showcase the transition from the Middle Miocene trilophodont (Gomphotherium)-dominated faunas of central Europe to the Late Miocene tetralophodont-dominated ones. Finally, in order to decipher the dietary preferences of the Hammerschmiede Tetralophodon we performed dental mesowear angle analysis, which revealed a mixed-feeding diet with an important browsing component, significantly different from the heavily browsing one of Deinotherium known from other localities. Such distinct feeding habits between the taxa indicate niche partitioning, which allowed their sympatry.
WEASEL 2.0: a random dilated dictionary transform for fast, accurate and memory constrained time series classification
Authors: Schäfer Patrick , Leser Ulf 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA time series is a sequence of sequentially ordered real values in time. Time series classification (TSC) is the task of assigning a time series to one of a set of predefined classes, usually based on a model learned from examples. Dictionary-based methods for TSC rely on counting the frequency of certain patterns in time series and are important components of the currently most accurate TSC ensembles. One of the early dictionary-based methods was WEASEL, which at its time achieved SotA results while also being very fast. However, it is outperformed both in terms of speed and accuracy by other methods. Furthermore, its design leads to an unpredictably large memory footprint, making it inapplicable for many applications. In this paper, we present WEASEL 2.0, a complete overhaul of WEASEL based on two recent advancements in TSC: Dilation and ensembling of randomized hyper-parameter settings. These two techniques allow WEASEL 2.0 to work with a fixed-size memory footprint while at the same time improving accuracy. Compared to 15 other SotA methods on the UCR benchmark set, WEASEL 2.0 is significantly more accurate than other dictionary methods and not significantly worse than the currently best methods. Actually, it achieves the highest median accuracy over all data sets, and it performs best in 5 out of 12 problem classes. We thus believe that WEASEL 2.0 is a viable alternative for current TSC and also a potentially interesting input for future ensembles.
Social competencies, classroom relationships, and academic engagement: A latent change score modeling approach among lower secondary school students
Authors: Eriksen Eli Vibeke , Vestad Lene , Bru Edvin , Caravita Simona C. S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis longitudinal study applied latent change score (LCS) modeling to examine individual changes in students’ (N = 1205) academic engagement (behavioral and emotional), social competencies (relationship skills and social awareness), and classroom relationships (emotional support from teachers and collaborative peer relations). Average changes during the first year of lower secondary school were investigated, and an LCS model specifying that individual changes in social competencies are related to individual changes in academic engagement partially via individual changes in classroom relationships was tested. The results indicated an average decline for all variables, particularly emotional engagement. Changes in social competencies were associated with changes in classroom relationships and indirectly with changes in academic engagement via changes in emotional support from teachers. A direct association was found between changes in social awareness and behavioral engagement. The findings reflect that the promotion of social competencies in lower secondary school may foster positive classroom relationships and academic engagement, mainly via perceived social awareness for behavioral engagement or via emotional support from teachers for both dimensions of academic engagement.
Predicting people’s motivation to engage in urban predator control
Authors: Kaine Geoff , Stronge Dean , Wright Vic 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMeasures such as education, incentives, and regulations are used to change people’s behaviour and thereby achieve policy objectives. Understanding and predicting the willingness of people to change their behaviour in response to a policy measure is critical in assessing its likely effectiveness. We apply a dual-process framework of adoption proposed by Bagozzi (2006a, b) that distinguishes between goal setting and goal striving to predict urban trapping of rats. We employ ‘involvement’, a measure of motivation from the field of marketing, to operationalise two key variables in the dual-process model: goal desire and behavioural desire. We show how the dual-process model predicts urban residents’ trapping behaviour and discuss the implications of the model for efforts to promote rat trapping by public agencies.
Blood biomarker profiles and exceptional longevity: comparison of centenarians and non-centenarians in a 35-year follow-up of the Swedish AMORIS cohort
Authors: Murata Shunsuke , Ebeling Marcus , Meyer Anna C. , Schmidt-Mende Katharina , Hammar Niklas , Modig Karin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractComparing biomarker profiles measured at similar ages, but earlier in life, among exceptionally long-lived individuals and their shorter-lived peers can improve our understanding of aging processes. This study aimed to (i) describe and compare biomarker profiles at similar ages between 64 and 99 among individuals eventually becoming centenarians and their shorter-lived peers, (ii) investigate the association between specific biomarker values and the chance of reaching age 100, and (iii) examine to what extent centenarians have homogenous biomarker profiles earlier in life. Participants in the population-based AMORIS cohort with information on blood-based biomarkers measured during 1985–1996 were followed in Swedish register data for up to 35 years. We examined biomarkers of metabolism, inflammation, liver, renal, anemia, and nutritional status using descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and cluster analysis. In total, 1224 participants (84.6% females) lived to their 100th birthday. Higher levels of total cholesterol and iron and lower levels of glucose, creatinine, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and total iron-binding capacity were associated with reaching 100 years. Centenarians overall displayed rather homogenous biomarker profiles. Already from age 65 and onwards, centenarians displayed more favorable biomarker values in commonly available biomarkers than individuals dying before age 100. The differences in biomarker values between centenarians and non-centenarians more than one decade prior death suggest that genetic and/or possibly modifiable lifestyle factors reflected in these biomarker levels may play an important role for exceptional longevity.
Potential of AI-Driven Chatbots in Urology: Revolutionizing Patient Care Through Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Talyshinskii Ali , Naik Nithesh , Hameed B. M. Zeeshan , Juliebø-Jones Patrick , Somani Bhaskar Kumar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots have emerged as a potential tool to transform urology by improving patient care and physician efficiency. With an emphasis on their potential advantages and drawbacks, this literature review offers a thorough assessment of the state of AI-driven chatbots in urology today.

Recent Findings
The capacity of AI-driven chatbots in urology to give patients individualized and timely medical advice is one of its key advantages. Chatbots can help patients prioritize their symptoms and give advice on the best course of treatment. By automating administrative duties and offering clinical decision support, chatbots can also help healthcare providers. Before chatbots are widely used in urology, there are a few issues that need to be resolved. The precision of chatbot diagnoses and recommendations might be impacted by technical constraints like system errors and flaws. Additionally, issues regarding the security and privacy of patient data must be resolved, and chatbots must adhere to all applicable laws. Important issues that must be addressed include accuracy and dependability because any mistakes or inaccuracies could seriously harm patients. The final obstacle is resistance from patients and healthcare professionals who are hesitant to use new technology or who value in-person encounters.

Summary
AI-driven chatbots have the potential to significantly improve urology care and efficiency. However, it is essential to thoroughly test and ensure the accuracy of chatbots, address privacy and security concerns, and design user-friendly chatbots that can integrate into existing workflows. By exploring various scenarios and examining the current literature, this review provides an analysis of the prospects and limitations of implementing chatbots in urology.