bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients: An observational study
Authors: Singh Nimmi , Singh Swati , Singh Priyankar , Mishra Navin , Sinha Bibhuti P. , Shrama Arbind K. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim:
Mucormycosis is a potentially lethal but rare fungal infection that is rapidly progressive. Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) was the predominant presentation of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM). Hence, the present study aimed to assess the oral manifestations in CAM patients admitted to the Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences—A Tertiary Health Care Center.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted on hospitalized patients admitted to our tertiary health care center during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 54 patients were included in the study and were further evaluated for oral manifestations. Detailed history, clinical examination, and surgical exploration was done for all the subjects. All cases were confirmed by MRI and histopathology.

Results:
Data collected was subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. Patients with oral manifestations were mostly in the age range of ≤50 years which was 56.7% (n = 17). Male patients 56.7% were affected more as compared to female patients and most of the patients in our study were from rural areas 56.7%. RBS [Mean ± standard deviation (SD)] was 304.60 ± 100.073. On intra-oral examination 96.7% had a gingival and palatal abscess, 63.3% had tooth mobility, and palatal ulcer/perforation was seen among 56.7% of the patients.

Conclusion:
The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic had also created an alarming situation in India and worldwide. Mucormycosis had come as a sudden storm which has created an emergency situation in our hospital and for dental practitioners also. This was also an alarming situation for a dental practitioner for evaluating early signs and symptoms, especially in high-risk patients and decreasing mortality.
The association of metabolic risk factors with ischemic heart disease and heart failure in Saudi Arabia – A cross sectional study
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Sameer , Al Otaibi Nasser Hamoud , Alqahtani Abdulhadi Shabib , Alosaimi Ayad Sultan , Alosaimi Sultan Hammad , Alotaibi Fahad Saeed , Alhammadi Mohammed Mutlaq , Alsulami Jabr Nahar , Alruwais Judan Fahad 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTBackground:Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading non-communicable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aimed at determining the association of metabolic risk factors with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and heart failure (HF).Methods:A cross-sectional study including 104 participants was conducted in three major hospitals between October 2020 and October 2021. All adult patients of either gender, over the age of 35, attending the CVD screening program at the family medicine clinics of the hospitals were included in the study. The physician collected demographic details, history of CVD, diabetes or hypertension, and current medication. Each patient’s body mass index (BMI) was calculated, electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood tests were done. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were checked.Results:The mean age of the participants was 47.6 (SD = 13.5) years. Diabetes and hypertension had increased odds of IHD by 129 (CI = 6.20 – 2698.42,P= 0.002) and 195 (CI = 13.87 – 2743.11,P< 0.001) times, respectively. Diabetes mellitus (Chi2= 11.93,P< 0.001) and hypertension (Chi2= 14.74,P< 0.001) had significant association with HF. Dyslipidemia was significantly associated with IHD (OR = 12.41, CI = 1.15 – 134.12,P= 0.038) and high-grade HF (OR = 14.91 CI = 3.61 – 61.40,P< 0.001).Conclusion:Age, dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, and left ventricular hypertrophy have significant association with IHD or HF among the study population.
Pattern of traumatic occupational injuries in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Abdel Razik Mohamed , Altuwayhir Abdulrahman Kareem , Almihmadi Mohammad Khaled , Alkhaldi Abdulrahman Ali , Alqudeebi Suliman Khaled , Alghamdi Mohammed Ali , Alsaiari Abdulhakim Abdullah , Aldosari Zayed Fahd , Alamer Ahmad Mohammed 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the labor market is thriving, employing a large workforce in occupations that carry a high risk for traumatic injuries such as construction, transportation, and manufacturing. These jobs usually involve physical exertion, power tools, high-voltage electricity, working at heights, and exposure to bad weather conditions that could potentially lead to injury. This study aimed to determine patterns of traumatic occupational injuries in Riyadh, KSA.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Khalid Hospital and Prince Sultan Centre for Healthcare, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, and the Al-Kharj Military Industries Corporation Hospital in Al-Kharj City in the KSA between July 2021 and 2022. Descriptive analysis elucidated the type, severity, and patterns of management of non-fatal traumatic occupational injuries. A Kaplan–Meier survival curve and Weibull model for length of hospital stay adjusted for age, gender, nationality, cause for injury, and injury severity scale (ISS) scores were constructed.

Results:
A total of 73 patients with a mean age of 33.8 ± 14.1 years were included in the study. The most common cause of occupational injury was falling from height (87.7%). The median length of hospital stay was 6 days (IQR: 4 − 7), with no mortalities. In the adjusted survival model, compared to migrants, Saudi nationals had a 45% lower median hospital stay (−62 to − 21), P < 0.01, and every 1-point increase in ISS was associated with a 5% increase in median length of hospital stay (CI: 3 − 7, P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
Being a Saudi national and having lower ISS scores were associated with shorter durations of hospital stay. Our findings indicate the need for improved occupational safety measures, especially among migrant, foreign-born, and ethnic minority workers.
The yield of thyroid fine-needle aspiration in a primary care setting in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ruhaiyem Mead E. , Al Khenizan Abdullah , Hussain Aneela 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Thyroid cancer is the second most common cancer among women. This study was conducted to assess the yield of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of thyroid nodules in a primary care setting in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:
In this retrospective cohort study, primary care patients of both genders with thyroid nodules who underwent FNA above the age of 18 years were enrolled. Patients with a prior history of cancer were excluded. The data was collected from the histopathology reports of FNAs done for thyroid nodules from January 01, 2002 to July 31, 2018.

Results:
We enrolled 263 patients in this study. The mean age of the study population was 41.3 years old (Standard deviation (SD) ± 10.1), 81.7% were females and 18.3% were males. The rate of abnormal ultrasound (US) was 16%. The mean thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level was 2.3 mU/L (SD ± 5.9). Post-thyroidectomy, 17.5% had carcinoma on pathology reports. Among those who were diagnosed with thyroid cancer, 76.2% had papillary thyroid cancer, 21.4% had follicular thyroid cancer, and 2.4% had medullary thyroid cancer. The mean age for cancer diagnosis was 40 years old (SD ± 8). There was no significant association between FNA findings (benign/malignant) and age, gender, history of smoking, size of the nodule, or TSH level.

Conclusion:
Thorough investigations including FNA should be considered for patients presenting with suspicious thyroid nodules, regardless of their size or the patients’ gender. Access to such investigations and referrals to specialists should be available for primary care physicians.
Sputum antibiogram in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Manjhi Rekha , Nanda Sushant Kumar , Agrawal Babul Kumar 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Bacterial infections are the most common reason for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). This can range from self-limited disease to respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in survivors.

Aim:
To ascertain common antibiotics effective in AECOPD using sputum bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Materials and Methods: In the present cross-sectional observational study, we analysed the sputum antibiogram in 237 patients who had not received antibiotics in the past 48 hours. Statistical analysis was performed, and the χ2 test was used to determine the associations between categorical variables. A P value ≤0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
Of 237 sputum samples, 77.2% were mucoid in nature, followed by purulent and mucopurulent sputum in 16.9% and 5.9% of cases, respectively. In the purulent/mucopurulent samples, 85.2% showed positive growth on culture compared to 35% of mucoid samples. Cultures grew single pathogens in 108 cases, and 2 grew multiple pathogens; in 127 cases, no pathogenic organisms were isolated. In all, 41 (37.96%) isolates grew Gram-positive and 67 (62.04%) grew Gram-negative organisms. The most effective antibiotic against Gram-negative bacteria was imipenem (50%) and that against Gram-positive bacteria was vancomycin (70.59%). All isolates were resistant to ampicillin.

Conclusion:
Sputum culture is a good and simple tool to study the aetiology and complications caused by bacteria in AECOPD. The antibiogram helps in identifying the correct treatment and timely initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, thereby helping reduce mortality and morbidity.
Forecasting HIV positivity through identification of predictors amongst high-risk women: A cohort study
Authors: Verma Mamtarani , Kosambiya J.K. , Divakar B. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
High-risk women are the major drivers of India’s HIV epidemic. The targeted intervention (TI) project is working for the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV/AIDS among them. The current study was carried out among high-risk women to identify the predictors for HIV positivity through a model generation and assess the impact of targeted interventions in averting new HIV infections.

Aims and Objectives:
To generate the model for HIV positivity among high-risk women based on various independent variables using logistic regression analysis. Each year, how many HIV infections have been averted among them based on probability calculations of HIV positivity with positive and negative predictors?

Methodology: Study Design:
Prospective cohort with retrospective comparison.

Study Setting:
It was done at two different drop-in center clinics (DICs) and project field areas of the city.

Sample Size:
In total, 2,193 registered women availing services through NGOs/DIC clinics were enrolled.

Data Entry and Analysis:
Done using Excel and SPSS software. Association between the dichotomous dependent variables and continuous or categorical variables was assessed using the binary logistic regression model. Each year, how many HIV infections have been averted among them was calculated.

Results:
Statistically significant predictors of HIV positivity were alcohol consumption, category “A” and “C” women, partner status, regular medical check-ups, and attendance at counseling sessions. The number of HIV infections averted from 2009–10 to 2013–14 came out to be 52.

Conclusion:
Category C of high-risk women, alcohol consumption, and regular medical check-ups as (negative predictors) came out to be statistically significant predictors for HIV positivity.
Socio-demographic determinants of cardiovascular risk in rural population of Central India
Authors: Waghmare Pranita , Deshmukh Pradeep , Kumar Satish , Goswami Kalyan 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Raising trend of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in developing countries created a platform for exploring the sociodemographic nexus in search of underlying cause.

Aim and Objectives:
The precise aim of the study is to detect any possible association of social determinants and metabolic derangement with CVDs risk, particularly focusing on comparative analysis of the data to decipher the most significant factor(s), if any among the studied parameters contributing toward prediction of such cardiometabolic risk in linked with insulin resistance.

Results:
In the present study, it was found that 2% of the studied population had high risk, and 13.3% had intermediate risk of developing cardiovascular events in next 10 years. Results also showed that estimated CVD risk was significantly higher in males with central obesity and age more >60 years as key determinants showing more insulin resistance at lower cut-off.

Conclusion:
This study also strongly suggests need to revise the cut-off values for HOMA index in defining insulin resistance to rural population with active the life style and need of redefining new targeted preventive health care planning.
Assessment of knowledge of ASHA workers regarding MCH services and practices followed by mothers – A field study
Authors: Kaur Manhardeep , Oberoi Simmi , Singh Jatinder , Kaler Neha , Balgir Rajinder Singh 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Accredited social health activist (ASHA) workers act as a “bridge” between rural people and health service outlets and play a central role in achieving national health and population policy goals. According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) V (2019–2021) data, infant mortality rate (IMR) is still high in rural areas (32.4 per 1000 live births) in Punjab, compared to urban areas (20.1). Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is also high (129 per lakh), according to sample registration system (SRS) 2016–2018 data.

Materials and Methods:
In this descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted at RHTC, Bhadson, we assessed the knowledge of ASHA workers regarding maternal and child health (MCH) services and their provision by them to their beneficiaries (mothers with children aged 0–6 months). Out of the total 196 ASHA workers, 72 were selected randomly to assess their knowledge, while 100 beneficiary mothers were interviewed face to face to assess the services provided by the ASHA workers.

Results:
Almost 65.2% of ASHA workers were above 35 years of age. Majority of the ASHA workers (40/72) replied that average weight gain in pregnancy is 10 kg. Very few, that is, 17 (23.6%), ASHA workers knew that breastfeeding should be started within the first hour after delivery of the baby. Counseling regarding nutrition, birth preparedness, institutional delivery, and birth registration was given by ASHA workers to 75%–85% of mothers. There was statistically significant improvement in the practices by mothers with the counseling given by ASHA workers regarding pre-lacteal feed, utilization of family planning methods, and delaying early bathing.

Conclusions:
The study concludes that ASHA workers have good knowledge regarding various aspects of antenatal period, but when it comes to postnatal period and care of the newborn, there are some lacunae. These aspects of newborn care need to be reinforced into the refresher trainings of the ASHA workers.
Carrier frequency of Spino-muscular atrophy in individuals of a reproductive age group from North India
Authors: Kaur Anupriya , Kumari Anu , Kaur Anit , Sharma Riya , Srivastava Priyanka , Suthar Renu 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuro-muscular disorder caused by biallelic variations in Survival Motor Neuron 1 gene (SMN1) located on chromosome 5q13.2. It is the most common hereditary cause of neonatal death. Ethnicity specific studies are desirable for estimating the prevalence of carrier status of this disease in a population.

Objectives:
To estimate the carrier frequency of SMA among individuals of a reproductive age group in a North Indian cohort.

Methods:
SMA carrier screening was offered to individuals of a reproductive age group (>18 years) visiting a tertiary care center. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were the molecular techniques used to detect the carrier status.

Results:
A total of 198 individuals without a family history of SMA were screened in this study. The carrier frequency of heterozygous deletion of SMN1 gene in our cohort was found to be 1 in 30 (~3/100).

Conclusion:
The carrier frequency of SMA is high in our country. The data from the study emphasize the need of a population carrier screening program on SMA in India.
Supervised hospital based pulmonary rehabilitation outcome in long COVID–experience from a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Rao C. Mohan , Behera Debasis , Mohapatra Amrut Kumar , Mohapatra Sangram Keshari , Jagaty Suman Kumar , Banu Princia , Pattanaik Ashwini Prasad , Mohapatra Ipsa , Patro Shubhransu 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Some patients suffer from various multisystem symptoms even after active process of COVID-19 illness has settled lasting more than four weeks called as long COVID. Pulmonary rehabilitation therapy is the proposed option in those patients. This study aims to study the impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on outcome of long COVID patients through improvement in mMRC dyspnea scale, oxygen saturation, cough score, six-minute walk distance and biomarkers of inflammation

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective observational study was carried out from the data of electronic medical records among 71 Long COVID patients. Parameters like Spo2, MMRC scale, cough score, six-minute walking distance along with blood levels of D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), leucocyte count at the time of admission and after three weeks of pulmonary rehabilitation were collected. The outcome among the patients was divided into full recovery and partial recovery group. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 19.0.

Result:
Among 71 cases in our study 60 (84.50%) where male with mean age was 52.7 ± 13.23 years. Biomarkers like CRP and d-Dimer were elevated in 68 (95.7%) and 48 (67.6%) patients, respectively, at the time of admission. After 3 weeks of pulmonary rehabilitation mean SPO2, cough score, 6MWD showed significant improvement and normalization of biomarkers in recovered group of 61 out of 71 which was statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Significant improvement of oxygen saturation, mMRC grade, cough score, six-minute walk distance and normalization of biomarkers were marked following pulmonary rehabilitation. Thus, pulmonary rehabilitation therapy should be offered to all long COVID cases.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of triamcinolone solution diluted with normal saline for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis
Authors: Jamali Fatemeh , Daneshdoust Danyal 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim:
Seborrheic dermatitis is a common inflammatory disease for which various treatments have been proposed. The main purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of 80-mg Triamcinolone solution diluted with 0.1% normal saline for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis in adults.

Methods:
For this study, 120 patients with seborrheic dermatitis were considered. After obtaining written and informed consent, patients were treated with 80 mg of Triamcinolone diluted with 0.1% normal saline. To evaluate the effectiveness of Triamcinolone treatment, the scoring index (SI) and the level of patient satisfaction were evaluated at 2 and 4 weeks after the start of treatment and also 4 weeks after the end of treatment.

Results:
The results of the study showed that 61.67% (74 patients) were satisfied with “good” to “very good” for the Triamcinolone treatment to seborrheic dermatitis. Based on the findings of the study, it was found that the SI before treatment was equal to 2.45 ± 7.45, which after 2 weeks after treatment, this index decreased by 61.6% (SI: 2.86 ± 1.94). In addition, the SI decreased to 88.6% (SI: 0.85 ± 1.02) after 4 weeks.

Conclusion:
Considering the high decrease in SI, increasing patient satisfaction and observing a low number of cases with recurrence of the disease by Triamcinolone treatment method, it can be concluded that injection of Triamcinolone 80 mg diluted with 0.1% normal saline can be effective and efficient for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis.
Athletes’ knowledge and attitude concerning the meniscus, meniscal injury, and management
Authors: Alqahtani Turki Ahmed A , Alshehri Talal K. S. , Kardum Saleh M. , Al-Qahtani Faisal M. M. , Alasmari Mishal M. A. , Alzahrani Faisal A. H. , Mahzari Faisal H. Y. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Knee injuries largely vary including cartilaginous, ligamentous, bony, and tendinous injuries. Greatest of the reported knee injuries associated with in a non-contact method includes mainly the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Additionally, medial and lateral menisci act as shock absorbers with an additional role in stabilizing the joint which can be or partially or totally torn. The current study aimed to assess athletes’ knowledge and attitude concerning the meniscus, meniscal injury, and management.

Methodology:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to achieve the objectives. A pre-structured electronic questionnaire was used to collect the data, covered participants socio-demographic data, personal and family history of meniscus injury and surgery, physical activity during past year, and also knowledge regarding the meniscal injury and management.

Results:
A total of 448 athletes fulfilling the inclusion criteria completed the study questionnaire. Participants ‘age ranged from 18 to 60 years with mean age of 26.7 ± 7.7 years old. A total of 256 (57.1%) participants were males. Exact of 21 participants had meniscus surgery. As for family history, 75 (16.7%) had family history of meniscus injury. Exact of 95 (21.2%) athletes had good knowledge level, while vast majority (78.8%; 353) had poor knowledge level.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, the study showed that the estimated rate of meniscus injury and surgery was not high (within the international range). The participants’ knowledge regarding meniscus injury and meniscus surgery with its related management was unsatisfactory, where 1 out of each 5 was knowledgeable.
Elevation of depressed (pond) fracture in infant using a vacuum-assisted device: Technical note
Authors: Pateria Vibhor , Sadashiva Nishanth , Konar Subhas , Devi Bhagavatula Indira , Rewatkar Ajinkya 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Pond fracture also called ping-pong fracture in children is caused due to direct impact on the skull. It is rare and many types of treatment modalities have been described. In this report, we describe a makeshift vacuum-assisted device to elevate the fracture, which is both cost-effective and efficient.

Case presentation:
A 5-month-old infant was brought to the emergency department with a history of fall of heavy object on the head resulting in pond fracture over the left parietal area and an episode of focal motor seizures. After ruling out an intracranial injury with a computer tomogram, we elevated the depressed fracture by a makeshift vacuum suction device using a plastic funnel connected to vacuum chamber. Post-procedure child had one episode of focal seizure and was discharged after a brief period of observation.

Conclusion:
Plastic funnel vacuum suction can be effectively used to elevate the Pond fractures in infants with appropriate precautions.