bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of interferential current electrical stimulation (IFCS) on mastication and swallowing function in healthy young adults: A preliminary study
Authors: Iizumi Yoshiki , Ihara Yoshiaki , Koike Joji , Takahashi Koji 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the effects of interferential current electrical stimulation (IFCS) on masticatory and swallowing function.Materials and MethodsTwenty healthy young adults were enrolled. The measurement items were spontaneous swallowing frequency (SSF), voluntary swallowing frequency (VSF), saliva secretion volume (SSV), glucose elution volume (GEV), and velocity of chew (VOC). All participants underwent both IFCS and sham stimulation (without stimulation, sham). Two sets of independent IFCS electrodes were placed on the bilateral neck. The precise location of the upper electrodes was just below the angle of the mandible, while the lower electrodes were placed at the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The intensity of IFCS was determined to be one level below the perceptual threshold that all participants felt discomfort. Statistical analysis was performed using a two‐way repeated measures analysis of variance.ResultsFor IFCS, the results of each measurement before and during stimulation were SSF: 1.16 and 1.46, VSF: 8.05 and 8.45, SSV: 5.33 and 5.56 g, GEV: 171.75 and 208.60 mg/dL, and VOC: 87.20 and 95.20, respectively. SSF, GEV, and VOC during stimulation were significantly increased by IFCS (SSF, p = .009; GEV, p = .048; and VOC, p = .007). Following sham stimulation, the results were SSF: 1.24 and 1.34, VSF: 7.75 and 7.90, SSV: 5.65 and 6.04 g, GEV: 176.45 and 187.35 mg/dL, and VOC: 91.35 and 88.25, respectively.ConclusionWhile no significant differences were observed in the sham group, our findings suggest that IFCS of the superior laryngeal nerve may impact not only the swallowing function but also the masticatory function.
Electrical performance of the 3 × 6 × n cobweb cascade resistance network
Authors: Luo Feng‐Hua , Fang Yi , Luo Li‐Jin 
Published: May 2023

SummaryIn this paper, a kind of multi‐stage cobweb resistance network consisting of n single‐stage cobwebs, namely, a 3 × 6 × n cobweb cascade resistance network (CCRN), was studied. To calculate the equivalent resistance of such a large‐scale complex network, we used a modified recursion‐transform (MRT) method. Firstly, the resistance network to be solved was simplified to a simple equivalent network. Thereafter, the recursive relation of the equivalent network was established according to the basic law of circuit. Then, the nonlinear recursive relation was transformed into the linear recursive relation by variable transformation technique. Finally, the equivalent resistance was gained by resolving the linear recursive relation. By this method, we obtained the exact analytical expression of the equivalent resistance of the 3 × 6 × n CCRN. The computation results show that the 3 × 6 × n CCRN's equivalent resistance is decided by the number of circuit stages n, and as n goes to infinity, these equivalent resistances all tend to a definite limit value.
Primary user supported routing protocol for cognitive radio ad hoc networks in search of higher throughput
Authors: Dutta Nitul , Sarma Hiren Kumar Deva 
Published: May 2023

SummaryA routing protocol for cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHNs), namely, primary user supported routing (PSR) is demonstrated in this research. Unlike existing routing protocols for CRAHN, where routing of cognitive users (CUs) is accomplished within CUs, in this proposed protocol, some of the primary users (PUs) support CUs to communicate, by forwarding CU packets. This service provided by PU is of voluntary nature. However, such assistance shall be provided by the PUs, only when they are idle, thereby, preserving the principles of cognitive radio networks (CRNs), which indicates that the operation of PU should not be disturbed by the CU activities. The proposed work is compared with cognitive ad hoc on‐demand distance vector (CAODV) protocol. The performance parameters considered are routing overhead, rate of loss of packets, and e2e packet delay. PSR outperforms CAODV in all these performance parameters. There has been on average 26.25% improvement in routing overhead, 34.12% decrease in loss, and 27.01% improvement in e2e delivery in the proposed PSR.
Time series cluster analysis reveals individual assignment of microbiota in captive tiger (Panthera tigris) and wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus)
Authors: Zoelzer Franziska , Schneider Sebastian , Dierkes Paul Wilhelm 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFecal microbiota variability and individuality are well studied in humans and also in farm animals (related to diet‐ or disease‐specific influences), but very little is known for exotic zoo‐housed animals. This includes a wide range of species that differ greatly in microbiota composition and variation. For example, herbivorous species show a very similar and constant fecal microbiota over time, whereas carnivorous species appear to be highly variable in fecal microbial diversity and composition. Our objective was to determine whether species‐specific and individual‐specific clustering patterns were observed in the fecal microbiota of wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) and tigers (Panthera tigris). We collected 95 fecal samples of 11 animal individuals that were each sampled over eight consecutive days and analyzed those with Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16SrRNA gene. In order to identify species or individual clusters, we applied two different agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithms – a community detection algorithm and Ward's linkage. Our results showed that both, species‐specific and individual‐specific clustering is possible, but more reliable results were achieved when applying dynamic time warping which finds the optimal alignment between different time series. Furthermore, the bacterial families that distinguish individuals from each other in both species included daily occurring core bacteria (e.g., Acidaminococcaceae in wildebeests or Clostridiaceae in tigers) as well as individual dependent and more fluctuating bacterial families. Our results suggest that while it is necessary to consider multiple consecutive samples per individual, it is then possible to characterize individual abundance patterns in fecal microbiota in both herbivorous and carnivorous species. This would allow establishing individual microbiota profiles of animals housed in zoos, which is a basic prerequisite to quickly detect deviations and use microbiome analysis as a non‐invasive and cost‐effective tool in animal welfare.
Potential role of left atrial strain in estimation of left atrial pressure in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Aga Yaar S. , Abou Kamar Sabrina , Chin Jie Fen , van den Berg Victor. J. , Strachinaru Mihai , Bowen Daniel , Frowijn Rene , Akkerhuis Martijn K. , Constantinescu Alina A. , Umans Victor , Geleijnse Marcel L. , Boersma Eric , Brugts Jasper J. , Kardys Isabella , van Dalen Bas M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsIn a large proportion of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients, echocardiographic estimation of left atrial pressure (LAP) is not possible when the ratio of the peak early left ventricular filling velocity over the late filling velocity (E/A ratio) is not available, which may occur due to several potential causes. Left atrial reservoir strain (LASr) is correlated with LV filling pressures and may serve as an alternative parameter in these patients. The aim of this study was to determine whether LASr can be used to estimate LAP in HFrEF patients in whom E/A ratio is not available.Methods and resultsEchocardiograms of chronic HFrEF patients were analysed and LASr was assessed with speckle tracking echocardiography. LAP was estimated using the current ASE/EACVI algorithm. Patients were divided into those in whom LAP could be estimated using this algorithm (LAPe) and into those in whom this was not possible because E/A ratio was not available (LAPne). We assessed the prognostic value of LASr on the primary endpoint (PEP), which comprised the composite of hospitalization for the management of acute or worsened HF, left ventricular assist device implantation, cardiac transplantation, and cardiovascular death, whichever occurred first in time. We studied 153 patients with a mean age of 58 years of whom 76% men and 82% who were in NYHA class I‐II. A total of 86 were in the LAPe group and 67 in the LAPne group. LASr was significantly lower in the LAPne group as compared with the LAPe group (15.8% vs. 23.8%, P < 0.001). PEP‐free survival at a median follow‐up of 2.5 years was 78% in LAPe versus 51% in LAPne patients. An increase in LASr was significantly associated with a reduced risk of the PEP in LAPne patients (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.91 per %, 95% confidence interval 0.84–0.98). An abnormal LASr (<18%) was associated with a five‐fold increase in reaching the PEP.ConclusionsIn HFrEF patients in whom echocardiographic estimation of LAP is not possible due to due to unavailability of E/A ratio, assessing LASr potentially carries added clinical and prognostic value.
Lay theories about collective power in the context of racial oppression
Authors: Twali Michelle Sinayobye , Overstreet Nicole M. , Vollhardt Johanna Ray 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSocial psychological research has generally assumed that oppressed groups are powerless because they often have less control over resources and outcomes and power is usually defined as dominance or influence and control. We juxtapose this theoretical assumption with lay beliefs about the ingroup's collective power expressed in semi‐structured interviews among Black Americans (N = 28). Thematic analysis revealed that participants’ beliefs about ingroup power varied: whereas some participants perceived that the ingroup lacked power, others believed that the ingroup did have power, or the potential to gain it. These beliefs were based on distinct lay theories about collective power, conceptualized at different levels of analysis: the intragroup level (power as community resilience, enhancing ingroup solidarity), intergroup level (power as resistance against oppression, building coalitions between groups) and structural level (power as relative control over resources). We discuss the theoretical and methodological contributions and implications for research on collective power.
Moral judgment under uncertainty: A CNI model analysis
Authors: Ng Nyx L. , Luke Dillon M. , Gawronski Bertram 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPast research suggests that uncertainty reduces our preference for utilitarian over deontological responses in moral dilemmas. The objective of the current research was to disentangle the possible mechanisms through which uncertainty shapes moral‐dilemma responses. Using the CNI model of moral decision‐making, we examined if uncertainty influences moral‐dilemma responses via sensitivity to consequences, sensitivity to moral norms, or general action tendencies. Across four preregistered experiments (N = 1400), sensitivity to consequences was lower when the outcomes in moral dilemmas were uncertain than when they were certain. This effect emerged regardless of whether participants were asked to judge if they would perform the described actions or if they deem the described actions acceptable. The results are consistent with accounts suggesting that uncertain outcomes influence responses in moral dilemmas through discounting of cost‐benefit ratios. Implications for public policy and moral decisions in real‐world contexts are discussed.
Development of a selective graphene quantum dots based electrochemical sensor for the determination of estrone in different water matrices and synthetic urine
Authors: dos Santos José Felipe , de Oliveira S. Silva Jonatas , Macedo José Fernando , Júnior José Carlos S. , Almeida Wandson S. , Midori Sussuchi Eliana 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEstrone (E1) is associated with various health and environmental issues, necessitating the development of analytical methods for monitoring E1 in different matrices. In this context, the present study reports the development of a graphene quantum dot‐based electrode (GQD/E) to detect estrone in water and urine samples. Voltammetric measurements under optimized conditions demonstrated the feasibility of using GQD/E to detect estrone at trace levels in aqueous samples. Two linear dynamic ranges were obtained at concentrations from 0.05 to 10.00 μmol L−1, with limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 28.0 and 96.0 nmol L−1, respectively. Furthermore, the LOD value obtained in this study is one of the lowest ever reported in the literature for the electrochemical determination of E1. The method response showed no significant variation in the current intensity of E1 in the presence of the 16 interferents. The recovery values obtained by using GQD/E to quantify estrone in fortified samples of seawater, tap water, wastewater and synthetic urine ranged from 95.9 to 108.1 %, indicating that the method presents highly sensitive for detecting estrone in aqueous matrices.
Cross‐project defect prediction method based on genetic algorithm feature selection
Authors: Hu Zhixi , Zhu Yi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith the continuous development of Internet technology, the role of software in life is increasing, and software defect prediction (SDP) is a key means to ensure software reliability. SDP is to predict the modules that may have defects in advance based on the historical data of software projects, and its purpose is to maximize the use of testing resources. However, in the actual development process, the project that needs to be predicted is often a new project for which there is little or no historical data. Therefore, how to use the massive data of other related projects to build a cross‐project software defect prediction (CPDP) model has received extensive attention from scholars. However, due to the differences in data distribution and class imbalance between different projects, the performance of CPDP is greatly affected. Therefore, on the basis of CPDP, this article proposes a feature selection method based on genetic algorithm (genetic algorithm feature selection, GAFS). GAFS mainly includes two stages: feature selection and ensemble training. In the feature selection stage, this article proposes a global search adaptive feature selection method based on genetic algorithm, which uses the integrated training results of candidate feature subsets on target data to migrate the optimal feature subset. In the ensemble training phase, the EasyEnsemble method is used to alleviate the class imbalance problem, multiple naive Bayesian classifiers are constructed, and then the final model is constructed through ensemble learning. In this article, F1‐score and MCC are used as the test indicator, and comparative experiments are carried out on AEEEM and Promise. The results show that compared with the five comparison methods, GAFS can improve the average F1‐score and MCC much more. For example, GAFS can improve the average F1‐score value by 38.9%, 31.6%, 35.1%, 22.0%, and 31.6%, respectively. In most cases, it can effectively improve the performance of the model and achieve better prediction results.
Numerical investigation of enhanced mass transfer flow field on performance improvement of high‐temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell
Authors: Cai Lang , Zhang Jun , Zhang Caizhi , Zhou Jiaming , Zeng Tao , Yi Fengyan , Hu Donghai , Zhang Xiaosong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe enhanced mass transfer flow fields have been proven to be an effective measure to improve the cell performance of low‐temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells, yet little research has been done for high‐temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT‐PEMFC). In this work, three types of cathode‐enhanced mass transfer flow fields (tapered, staggered‐blocked, and blocked) are designed. The effects of various flow fields on the reactant delivery, current density distribution uniformity, and net power output of HT‐PEMFC are quantitatively investigated and compared. It is found that the three enhanced mass transfer flow fields can effectively increase the performance of HT‐PEMFC by transforming the traditional diffusion into a combination of diffusion and forced convection. In the sight of the superior performance and lower flow resistance, the tapered flow field is thought to be the optimal candidate for HT‐PEMFC among the four flow fields, with a 12.21% net power increment and 5.32% current density distribution uniformity improvement at 1.4 A/cm2 compared to the conventional flow field. These results support further performance enhancements and applications of HT‐PEMFC.
Effective direct chemical looping coal combustion using bimetallic Ti‐supported Fe2O3‐MnO2 oxygen carriers
Authors: Ksepko Ewelina , Lysowski Rafal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper five bimetallic Fe2O3‐MnO2 oxygen carriers supported on TiO2 were evaluated for direct hard coal combustion via chemical looping path. The oxygen carriers were obtained via mechanical mixing and high‐temperature calcination. The samples contained varying amounts of Fe2O3 (20–50 wt.%) and MnO2 (65–30 wt.%) but an identical amount of inert material (15 wt.%). Both the impact of the oxygen carrier's composition and the process temperature on their reactivity with the selected hard coal were evaluated. The amount of manganese in the oxygen carriers correlated positively with their reactivity toward the fuel. It was concluded that after eight reaction cycles the oxygen carriers remained resilient for side reactions with the ash residue. Thus, the physicochemical stability of the presented oxygen carriers was proved. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Home‐based self‐sampling vs clinician sampling for anal precancer screening: The Prevent Anal Cancer Self‐Swab Study
Authors: Nyitray Alan G. , Nitkowski Jenna , McAuliffe Timothy L. , Brzezinski Bridgett , Swartz Michael D. , Fernandez María E. , Deshmukh Ashish A. , Ridolfi Timothy J. , Lundeen Sarah J. , Cockerham Leslie , Wenten Dave , Petroll Andrew , Hilgeman Brian , Smith Jennifer S. , Chiao Elizabeth Y. , Giuliano Anna R. , Schick Vanessa ,   The Prevent Anal Cancer Self‐Swab Study Team
Published: May 2023

AbstractSexual minority men are at increased risk for anal squamous cell carcinoma. Our objective was to compare screening engagement among individuals randomized to self‐collect an anal canal specimen at home or to attend a clinic appointment. Specimen adequacy was then assessed for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA genotyping. A randomized trial recruited cisgendered sexual minority men and transgender people in the community and assigned them to use a home‐based self‐collection swabbing kit or attend a clinic‐based swabbing. Swabs were sent for HPV genotyping. The proportions of participants completing screening in each study arm and the adequacy of their specimens for HPV genotyping were assessed. Relative risks were estimated for factors associated with screening. A total of 240 individuals were randomized. Age (median, 46 years) and HIV status (27.1% living with HIV) did not differ by study arm. A total of 89.2% and 74.2% of home‐arm and clinic‐arm individuals returned the swab, respectively (P = .003), difference between groups, 15.0% (95% CI 5.4%‐24.6%). Among black individuals, 96.2% and 63.2% in the home and clinic arms screened (P = .006). Among individuals with HIV, 89.5% and 51.9% in the home and clinic arms screened (P < .001). Self‐collected swabs and clinician‐collected swabs were comparable in adequacy for HPV genotyping (96.3% and 93.3%, respectively). People at highest risk for anal cancer may be more likely to screen if they are able to self‐collect swabs at home rather than attend a clinic.
A parametric analysis of procedural fidelity errors following mastery of a task: A translational study
Authors: Falakfarsa Galan , Brand Denys , Bensemann Joshua , Jones Lea , Miguel Caio F. , Heinicke Megan R. , Mason Makenna A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProcedural fidelity is defined as the extent to which the independent variable is implemented as prescribed. Research using computerized tasks has shown that fidelity errors involving consequences for behavior can hinder skill acquisition. However, studies examining the effects of these errors once skills have been mastered are lacking. Thus, this translational study investigated the effects of varying levels of fidelity following mastery of a computerized arbitrary matching‐to‐sample task. A group design (consisting of five groups) was used in which college students initially completed 250 trials during which no programmed errors (i.e., perfect fidelity) were arranged, followed by an additional 250 trials with consequences delivered across various levels of fidelity (i.e., 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of trials administered without errors). The results showed that participants assigned to higher fidelity conditions performed better (on average). These results extended the findings of previous studies by demonstrating how errors involving consequences affect behavior across various stages of learning.
The slowdown of new infections by human retroviruses has reached a plateau in Spain
Authors: de Mendoza Carmen , Carrizo Paula , Sauleda Silvia , Richart Alberto , Rando Ariadna , Miró Elisenda , Benito Rafael , Ayerdi Oscar , Encinas Begoña , Aguilera Antonio , Reina Gabriel , Rojo Silvia , González Rocío , Fernández‐Ruiz Mario , Liendo Paloma , Montiel Natalia , Roc Lourdes , Treviño Ana , Pozuelo María José , Soriano Vicente ,   The HTLV Spanish Network
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe 2022 annual meeting of the HTLV & HIV‐2 Spanish Network was held in Madrid on December 14. We summarize here the main information presented and discussed at the workshop and review time trends for human retroviral infections in Spain. As transmissible agents, infections by human retroviruses are of obligatory declaration. Until the end of 2022, the Spanish national registry had recorded 451 cases of HTLV‐1, 821 of HTLV‐2, and 416 of HIV‐2. For HIV‐1, estimates are of 150 000 people currently living with HIV‐1 and 60 000 cumulative deaths due to AIDS. During year 2022, new diagnoses in Spain were of 22 for HTLV‐1, 6 for HTLV‐2, and 7 for HIV‐2. The last updated figures for HIV‐1 are from 2021 and counted 2786 new diagnoses. The slowdown in yearly infections for HIV‐1 in Spain points out that new strategies are needed to achieve the United Nations 95‐95‐95 targets by 2025. For the remaining neglected human retroviral infections, their control might be pushed throughout four interventions: (1) expanding testing; (2) improving education and interventions aimed to reduce risk behaviors; (3) facilitating access to antiretrovirals as treatment and prevention, including further development of long‐acting formulations; and (4) increasing vaccine research efforts. Spain is a 47 million population country in South Europe with strong migration flows from HTLV‐1 endemic regions in Latin America and Sub‐Saharan Africa. At this time universal HTLV screening has been implemented only in the transplantation setting, following the report of 5 cases of HTLV‐associated myelopathy shortly after transplantation of organs from HTLV‐1 positive donors. There are four target populations for expanding testing and unveiling asymptomatic carriers responsible for silent HTLV‐1 transmissions: (1) migrants; (2) individuals with sexually transmitted infections; (3) pregnant women; and (4) blood donors.