bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey of pain physicians: Needlesticks injuries
Authors: Moheimani Roya , Arastoo Sara , Lowder Ryan , Reddy Rajiv , Kim Hyung , Chen Allen , Pangarkar Sanjog 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate and characterize the incidence of needlestick injuries (NSI) in a sample of practicing pain medicine physicians, with the ultimate goal of aiding to prevent these injuries by raising awareness of their prevalence.DesignA cross‐sectional research survey.SettingA REDCap survey was emailed to physicians who had membership to the American Academy of Pain Medicine.SubjectsEligibility criteria included physicians who were actively practicing and identified as pain physicians who participated in procedures with needlesticks or sharps.MethodsBasic demographics without identifiers were collected, including practice setting, years in practice, and training type. Respondents were asked to estimate the number of sharps‐involved procedure days per week and per day. They were then asked to estimate the number of NSIs they sustained since completing training and in the past year.ResultsA total of 430 surveys were opened by email by potential participants, of which 124 responded (response rate 29%). Data from a total of 109 respondents that met inclusion criteria were included. Roughly 60% of respondents reported at least one NSI since completing training and approximately one‐third had sustained more than three NSIs. In the last year, roughly 19% of providers reported at least one needlestick injury. The number of NSIs reported by providers since completing training was not significantly associated with practice setting, the number of procedure days per week, or the number of sharps‐involved procedures per day. There was a significant relationship between years post‐training and number of NSIs since completing training, with providers with more years post‐training reporting higher incidences of NSIs (p < 0.0005). The number of NSIs since completing training and the number of NSIs were also associated, with providers that had sustained a greater number of total NSIs reporting a higher incidence of NSIs within the last year (p < 0.0005).ConclusionsThis study characterizes NSIs in a population of pain medicine physicians. These data warrant caution and will hopefully raise awareness amongst providers.
The effect of rumination and elder abuse level on successful aging in elderly individuals: Analysis with a machine learning approach
Authors: Yıldız Metin , Varol Ela , Yildirim Mehmet Salih , Elkoca Ayşe , Sarpdağı Yakup 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to determine the effect of rumination and elder abuse levels on successful aging in elderly individuals.MethodsThis descriptive‐correlational study was conducted with older individuals (n = 297) in Ağrı, Turkey, between October 2021 and May 2022. SPSS‐22 and R v.4.1.3 were used in the study. Analysis was done with machine learning and artificial neural networks.ResultsIn the study, the mean age of the older individuals was 67.49 ± 3.04. Statistical estimates showed the regression model to be significant and usable, F(2,294) = 116.659, P = 0.001. Elder abuse and ruminative thought levels together explained 43.9% of the total variance (R2 = 0.439) of successful aging. The regression model indicated that increases in both the elder abuse level (t = −3.672, P < 0.001) and the ruminative thought level (t = −12.771, P < 0.001) of participants caused a statistically significant decrease in the successful aging level. The combined elder abuse and ruminative thought levels had a greater effect on successful aging (Model 1: F = 45.321, Model 2: F = 116.659, R2 Change = 0.309). The R2 value of the Random Forest regression model was 0.529, showing that the independent variables could explain 52.92% of the variation in the dependent variable. According to the SHapley Additive exPlanation values, which show the contribution or importance of each variable in the estimation of the model, it was determined that the most important variables for estimating the Successful Aging Scale variable were ruminative thought style and elder abuse screening.ConclusionsOur study indicates that a decrease in the levels of rumination and elder abuse could lead to improvement in successful aging. Longitudinal studies on successful aging in older individuals are recommended.
The effect of color lightness on nonheteronormative‐themed advertising evaluation
Authors: Jeon Eunmi , Nam Myungwoo , Yan Jinzhe 
Published: April 2023

Objective: This research examined the effects of color lightness on evaluating advertisements featuring nonheteronormativity‐themed images.Methods: An increasing number of brands feature nonheteronormative couples in advertisement campaigns to target nonheteronormative consumers and position brands as socially progressive. Four studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that nonheteronormativity‐themed advertising that uses lighter images would receive more favorable evaluations than darker images.Results: The color lightness effect influenced attitudes toward the ad, product evaluations, and purchase intentions. Individuals with political conservatism exhibited a preference for lighter colored ads than darker colored ads. Furthermore, the effects of color lightness type on attitude toward ads were moderated by political conservatism, and this effect was mediated by disgust.Conclusion: The current study suggests that a carefully designed advertising campaign featuring nonheteronormativity(gay) couples, which considers design elements can be used to target consumers and signal progressive values supported by sponsoring brands.
A rapid ABO and RhD test demonstrates high fidelity to blood bank testing for RhD typing
Authors: Younes Reem , Spinella Philip C. , Shea Susan M. , Bailey‐Kroll Lilith , Neal Matthew D. , Leeper Christine , Yazer Mark H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe rapid provision of blood products is life‐saving for patients with massive hemorrhage. Ideally, RhD‐negative blood products would be supplied to a woman of childbearing potential whose Rh type is unknown due to the risk of D‐alloimmunization and the potential for hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn to occur if RhD‐positive blood products are transfused. Therefore, there is a need for a test that rapidly determines her RhD type. This study compared the RhD type determined using a rapid ABO and RhD test to the RhD type determined by an immunohematology reference laboratory.MethodsAfter receiving ethics review board approval, 200 random, unique, deidentified patient samples that had undergone routine pretransfusion testing in an immunohematology reference laboratory using column agglutination technology were collected and tested using a rapid ABO and RhD test (Eldoncard Home kit 2511). The RhD typing results from these two methods were compared to determine the accuracy of the rapid ABO and RhD test.ResultsThe rapid ABO and RhD test produced results that were concordant with the transfusion service's results in 199/200 (99.5%) of cases, with a negative predictive value of 98.2% and 99.3% sensitivity. The single outlier was likely an RhD variant due to its serological characteristics.DiscussionThese data indicate that this rapid ABO and RhD test could be used for the rapid determination of a patient's RhD type, perhaps even in the emergency department, which could guide the selection of blood products provided during their resuscitation.
Forced Vibrations With Non-Linear Spring Constants
Authors: Den Hartog J. P. , Mikina Stanley J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In many technical applications, couplings are used which have springs in them with an initial set. In this paper an exact theory of the forced vibrations of a system with such a coupling is given. Conclusions concerning the shift in critical speed with the amount of initial set are made. The solution obtained is compared with the existing approximate solution. The more general case of a coupling with stops is solved in an appendix.
Compression of Rectangular Blocks, and the Bending of Beams by Non-Linear Distributions of Bending Forces
Authors: Goodier J. N. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
An existing method for the approximate analysis of two-dimensional stress distributions is extended in scope and applied to two examples of some practical interest. The first is a rectangular plate or block compressed by forces applied centrally to two opposite sides, as by knife edges. Tensions of considerable magnitude are developed across the middle plane through the knife edges. These tensions are determined, and illustration given of their dependence on the extent of spreading of the load over the bearing area.
The second is intended as quantitative example of Saint-Venant’s principle in the bending of beams. The stresses due to a non-linear distribution of bending forces on the ends are investigated in order to estimate how far from the end one must go to find the linear distribution assumed in the elementary theory of flexure. Conclusions are given in the paper proper and the mathematical analyses from which they are drawn are given in appendices.
Thermal Stresses in Spheres and Cylinders Produced by Temperatures Varying With Time
Authors: Kent Clarence H. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this paper solutions are given of the problem of stress distribution in spheres and cylinders of elastic material for cases in which the temperature is a function of both the radial coordinate and the time. Two types of temperature variation are included; that due to sudden cooling, as in quenching, and that due to linear surface heating, as in furnace heating. These are applied both to the solid and hollow sphere and cylinder. Examples are included of the temperature and stress distribution in a long solid forging of 30 in. diameter and in a cylindrical drum of 50 in. diameter when each is heated by raising the temperature of its convex surface at a uniform rate.
Optimum Conditions in Journal Bearings
Authors: Kingsbury Albert 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper presents in practical, serviceable form the most important results obtainable from the hydrodynamic theory of the oil film. The general theoretical treatment is supplemented by numerical evaluations whereby the conditions for the maximum load and for the minimum friction are determined for the ideal bearing; and these results are reduced to apply to practical cases by means of approximate methods. Tables and graphs are given, by means of which the loads, the losses by friction, and other characteristics of specified bearing forms may be determined, and special consideration is given to the optimum conditions for more or less arbitrary bearing proportions.
Studies in the Design of Local Exhaust Hoods
Authors: Dallavalle Joseph M. , Hatch Theodore 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The failure of many local exhaust systems properly to control industrial dust hazards may be attributed, in part, to the lack of sufficient knowledge of the factors governing the collection efficiency of various types of hoods. The present study was undertaken in an effort to obtain data on the aerodynamic characteristics of simple geometric suction openings which may serve as a basis for future studies of the problem of design of local exhaust systems. Round, square, and rectangular openings were investigated and their aerodynamic characteristics are expressed by means of velocity contours or lines of equal velocity.
Contour lines were found not to be influenced by the total airflow through the hood. They did not differ in their chief characteristics with the geometric shape of the opening, although rectangular openings exhibited a flattening of their contours that varied with the ratio of the sides. An increase in the area was found to cause a displacement of contour lines at right angles to the axis of the opening. Along the axis, however, velocities coincided at distances of 6 in. or more from the face of the hood.
Gross characteristics of suction openings, it was found, could be expressed by means of center-line velocity curves. These curves, which are obtained with less labor than are the velocity contours, may be compared graphically and also mathematically. Simple charts are presented and mathematical equations were obtained for the three types of openings that may be used within the zone of hood influence.
On Problems in the Theory of Fluid-Film Lubrication, With an Experimental Method of Solution
Authors: Kingsbury Albert 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Analytical treatment of problems in perfect film lubrication is in general very difficult; solutions have thus far been obtained only in a few relatively simple cases. The paper describes methods by which fairly accurate solutions of any stated cases may be obtained experimentally, through the analogy between electrical potential and current flow in a conductor and pressure and volume flow in the lubricating film. Electrical measurements are made upon enlarged models of the lubricating films, the models being bodies of conducting fluid contained in wooden boxes having forms determined by theory. Pressures at points in a film having been deduced from the electrical data, graphical or other means of integration are used to determine the total load, the friction, and the quantities of oil flow at the edges of the film. The method is not limited as regards the shape of the film or variation of viscosity within the film. Solutions are given for a number of cases of plane bearing surfaces and journal bearings, showing close agreement with analytical solutions in cases where the latter have been obtained.
Recent Advances in Photoelasticity: And an Investigation of the Stress Distribution in Square Blocks Subjected to Diagonal Compression
Authors: Frocht Max M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
After discussing the principle of optical equivalence of stressed isotropic bodies, the author deals respectively with current methods to determine (P − Q); the fringe method; annealing of bakelite; fringe photographs of various models; membrane method to determine (P + Q); the photoelastic investigation of stress distribution in square plates subjected to diagonal compression; isoclinics; trajectories; (P − Q) from fringe method; P and Q by graphical integration. He then summarizes the approximate theoretical analysis by the strain-energy method, gives comparative curves, discusses results, describes new equipment, and in conclusion, derives fundamental equations for the evaluation of P and Q by graphical integration.
The Yield Point of Mild Steel
Authors: MacGregor C. W. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper is a review of some of the more important investigations made concerning the yield point, together with the effect of certain conditions on the yielding of mild steel. Recent investigations concerning the yield point are also described. The pronounced effect on the yield stress of grooves inclined at 45 deg. to the axis of the test piece is discussed. In addition, tests are included to show the effect of notches in the test piece on the yield stress.
Longitudinal Shrinkage of Wood
Authors: Koehler Arthur 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Longitudinal shrinkage of wood ordinarily is so small as to be considered negligible, and no allowance is made for it for most uses. There are uses, however, for which even the small longitudinal shrinkage of normal wood is an important factor, and others in which the shrinkage along the grain of abnormal wood is so large as to be a serious handicap. This paper gives information on the shrinkage of wood along the grain about which very little has been published.
Calorimetry of a Fluid
Authors: Osborne Nathan S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A rigorous analysis of the thermal processes involved in the change of state of a saturated fluid shows that four types of calorimetric processes each yield values of a characteristic thermal property of the fluid. This group of calorimetric properties may be used to formulate the thermal behavior of the fluid in terms of familiar and convenient properties within the range of the experimental possibilities.
The principles of a calorimetric method of determining the thermodynamic characteristics of a fluid are outlined. The method has been developed at the Bureau of Standards and used in the determinations of the properties of saturated water and steam, published simultaneously with this paper. This paper supplements that report and furnishes the theoretical groundwork for the experimental work.
The results of the analysis have been used as a guide in developing a systematic experimental project which has resulted in the determination of an important group of properties of saturated steam.
Enhanced Boiling Heat Transfer of T-Shaped Finned Tubes: Experiment and Simulation
Authors: Ding Peishan , Xu Jianmin , Pan Lingfeng , Tan Haibo , Zheng Xiaotao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Tubes with enhanced surfaces usually have high boiling heat transfer coefficients which can greatly improve the heat transfer performance under the condition of pool nucleate boiling. In this paper, the boiling heat transfer enhancement behavior was carried out for T-shaped finned tubes, improved T-shaped finned tubes, trapezoidal finned tubes, and smooth tubes. The heat transfer enhancement mechanism in a high boiling medium with different fin shapes was explored. Experimental data show that the boiling heat transfer coefficients of finned tubes with different shapes are 1.4 to 3 times higher than that of the smooth tubes in the same heat load range. Moreover, the tested results were fitted by the correlation formula of heat transfer coefficient, which can be used to guide engineering design. Furthermore, combined with the field coordination theory, the heat transfer characteristics of machining finned tubes were obtained by the software of Fluent. The simulated enhanced heat transfer performances under different heat transfer flux are in good agreement with experimental data.
Model-Free H∞ Output Feedback Control of Road Sensing in Vehicle Active Suspension Based on Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Wang Gang , Li Kunpeng , Liu Suqi , Jing Hui 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
An active suspension system ensures the controllability of a vehicle in the vertical direction, which greatly enhances the control redundancy and safety of an intelligent driven vehicle. However, many calibrated model parameters are not conducive to the application of optimal control. To reduce the control cost of active suspension, a model-free H∞ output feedback control method is studied in this research. First, the optimal governing equation of the active suspension is transformed into a zero-sum game problem of two players, and an off-policy reinforcement learning algorithm is established to solve the game algebraic Riccati equation. This method could overcome the disadvantage of constant interactions between Q-learning and the environment. Secondly, with the consideration that some state variables are difficult to measure, a data-driven H∞ output feedback controller is designed using road sensing information and historical measurement data, and the Bellman equation of the system is solved using the least squares method to obtain the optimal control solution of the active suspension. The simulation and rapid prototype experimental results show that the proposed method could produce the optimal control strategy of the system without model parameters, overcome the strong dependence and sensitivity of traditional design methods to model parameters and improve the robust control effect of the active suspension.
Analysis on the Mechanism of Rotating Stall Inner a Pump Turbine in Pump Mode Based on the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
Authors: Yang Jun , Feng Xianhua , Liao Zhenyang , Pan Kaixin , Liu Xiaohua 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
An in-depth understanding of stall behavior is essential to improve the safe and stable operation of the pump turbine. In this research, the detached eddy simulation (DES) is used to investigate the various characteristics and propagation mechanism of the rotating stall of the hump instability region. The frequency characteristics and spatial intensity distribution of the stall cells are studied by adopting the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method. The results indicate that the energy loss at 0.80QDES and 0.75QDES are induced by the rotating stall with three cells that occur in the diffuser flow channel, and the corresponding high amplitude frequencies are St0.0074 and St0.0111, respectively. The effect of the stall cells is particularly severe near the hub. When the flow rate is further reduced to 0.68QDES, the three rotating stall cells develop into two symmetrically distributed stable stall cells with no definite characteristic frequencies, and the blocking phenomenon is concentrated near the shroud. With the stall cells losing their rotational characteristics, they have less impact on the flow field and contribute less energy. This paper also reveals that the energy loss in the diffuser contributes significantly to the hump formation on the performance curve.
Timing of Resistance Training During Ramadan Fasting and Its Effects on Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy
Authors: Triki Raoua , Zouhal Hassane , Chtourou Hamdi , Salhi Iyed , Jebabli Nidhal , Saeidi Ayoub , Laher Ismail , Hackney Anthony C. , Granacher Urs , Ben Abderrahman Abderraouf 
Published: April 2023

Purpose: During Ramadan month, Muslims often continue training to maintain their muscle performance. However, trainers should stress the importance of the time of day chosen for practicing resistance training (RT) during Ramadan fasting to avoid health and performance alteration. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of the timing of RT during Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on muscle strength and hypertrophy in healthy male adults. Methods: Forty men were randomly allocated to 2 matched groups: 20 practicing whole-body RT in the late afternoon in a fasted state and 20 training in the late evening in a fed state (FED). Both groups performed 4 days per week of whole-body RT (∼75%–85% 1-repetition maximum, 12 repetitions/3–4 sets) during RIF. Anthropometric measurements and 1-repetition-maximum test for the squats, deadlift, and bench press were measured. A cross-sectional area of the quadriceps and biceps brachii was examined using ultrasound scans. All measurements were taken at 4 time points: 24 hours before the start of Ramadan, on the 15th day of Ramadan, on the 29th day of Ramadan, and 21 days after Ramadan. Results: Post hoc tests indicated significant preimprovement to postimprovement in FED at the 29th day of Ramadan for the 1-repetition-maximum test for the squats (P = .02; effect size = 0.21) and deadlift (P = .03; effect size = 0.24) when compared to 24 hours before the start of Ramadan. No significant changes were observed in the fasted-state group or for cross-sectional area for both groups. Conclusions: Practicing RT during RIF appears not to have adverse effects on muscle hypertrophy and strength no matter whether it is practiced in FED or fasted state. However, RT had greater effects on muscle strength when applied in FED. Our findings suggest that training sessions should be scheduled after breaking the fast during Ramadan.