bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on antimicrobial use in companion animals in an academic veterinary hospital in North Carolina
Authors: Jolley Ashlan , Love William , Frey Erin , Lanzas Cristina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial pathogens reduces the effectiveness of these drugs in both human and veterinary medicine, making judicious antimicrobial use (AMU) an important strategy for its control. The COVID‐19 pandemic modified operations in both human and veterinary healthcare delivery, potentially impacting AMU. The goal of this research is to quantify how antimicrobial drug prescribing practices for companion animals in an academic veterinary hospital changed during the pandemic. A retrospective study was performed using prescribing data for dogs and cats collected from the NC State College of Veterinary Medicine (NCSU‐CVM) pharmacy, which included prescriptions from both the specialty referral hospital and primary care services. Records (n = 31,769) for 34 antimicrobial drugs from 2019–2020—before and during the pandemic‐related measures at the NCSU‐CVM—were compared. The prescribed antimicrobials' importance was categorized using the FDA's Guidance for Industry (GFI #152), classifying drugs according to medical importance in humans. A proportional odds model was used to estimate the probability of more important antimicrobials being administered in patients seen during the pandemic versus before (i.e., critically important vs. highly important vs. important). Rates of AMU per week and per patient visit were also compared. During the pandemic, cumulative antimicrobials prescribed per week were significantly decreased in most services for dogs. Weekly rates for Highly Important antimicrobials were also significantly lower in dogs. For important and critically important antimicrobials, rates per week were significantly decreased in various services overall. Rates of antimicrobial administration per patient visit were significantly increased for Highly Important drugs. Patients in the internal medicine, dermatology, and surgery services received significantly more important antimicrobials during the pandemic than before, while cardiology patients received significantly less. These results suggest that the pandemic significantly impacted prescribing practices of antimicrobials for companion animals in this study.
Simplicial descent for Chekanov–Eliashberg dg‐algebras
Authors: Asplund Johan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe introduce a type of surgery decomposition of Weinstein manifolds that we callsimplicial decompositions. The main result of this paper is that the Chekanov–Eliashberg dg‐algebra of the attaching spheres of a Weinstein manifold satisfies a descent (cosheaf) property with respect to a simplicial decomposition. Simplicial decompositions generalize the notion of Weinstein connected sum and we show that there is a one‐to‐one correspondence (up to Weinstein homotopy) between simplicial decompositions and so‐called good sectorial covers. As an application, we explicitly compute the Chekanov–Eliashberg dg‐algebra of the Legendrian attaching spheres of a plumbing of copies of cotangent bundles of spheres of dimension at least three according to any plumbing quiver. We show by explicit computation that this Chekanov–Eliashberg dg‐algebra is quasi‐isomorphic to the Ginzburg dg‐algebra of the plumbing quiver.
Neural control of coronary artery blood flow by non‐adrenergic and non‐cholinergic mechanisms
Authors: Shanks Julia , Thomson Stian , Ramchandra Rohit 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBlood flow through the coronary vasculature is essential to maintain myocardial function. As the metabolic demand of the heart increases, so does blood flow through the coronary arteries in a dynamic and adaptive manner. Several mechanisms, including local metabolic factors, mechanical forces and autonomic neural control, regulate coronary artery blood flow. To date, neural control has predominantly focused on the classical neurotransmitters of noradrenaline and acetylcholine. However, autonomic nerves, sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory, release a variety of neurotransmitters that can directly affect the coronary vasculature. Reduced or altered coronary blood flow and autonomic imbalance are hallmarks of most cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the role of autonomic non‐adrenergic, non‐cholinergic cotransmitters in coronary blood flow regulation is fundamental to furthering our understanding of this vital system and developing novel targeted therapies.
Contribution of sensory nerves to cutaneous reactive hyperaemia in non‐Hispanic Black and White young adults
Authors: Turner Casey G. , Walker Demetria C. , Wong Brett J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess cutaneous sensory nerve function, independent of nitric oxide, in non‐Hispanic Black and White young adults. We tested the hypothesis that cutaneous reactive hyperaemia and sensory nerve‐mediated vasodilatation would be lower in non‐Hispanic Black young adults relative to non‐Hispanic White young adults. Twenty‐four participants who self‐identified as non‐Hispanic Black (n = 12) or non‐Hispanic White (n = 12) were recruited. All participants underwent three bouts of reactive hyperaemia. An index of skin blood flow was measured continuously using laser‐Doppler flowmetry at a control site and at a site treated with topical 4% lignocaine to inhibit sensory nerve function. Peak reactive hyperaemia was lower in non‐Hispanic Black relative to non‐Hispanic White participants (P < 0.001). Total reactive hyperaemia was lower in non‐Hispanic Black [mean (SD); control, 4085 (955)%CVCmax s; lignocaine, 2127 (639) percent maximal cutaneous vascular conductance * seconds, %CVCmax s] relative to non‐Hispanic White [control: 6820 (1179)%CVCmax s; lignocaine, 3573 (712)%CVCmax s] participants (P < 0.001 for both sites). There was no difference between groups for the calculated contribution of sensory nerves to either the peak [non‐Hispanic Black, 25 (14)%; non‐Hispanic White, 19 (13)%] or total reactive hyperaemic response [non‐Hispanic Black, 48 (10)%; non‐Hispanic White, 47 (10)%]. These data suggest that cutaneous reactive hyperaemia is lower in non‐Hispanic Black young adults, but the sensory nerve contribution is similar in non‐Hispanic Black and White young adults.
SOCE as a regulator of neuronal activity
Authors: Courjaret Raphael , Prakriya Murali , Machaca Khaled 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStore operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a ubiquitous signalling module with established roles in the immune system, secretion and muscle development. Recent evidence supports a complex role for SOCE in the nervous system. In this review we present an update of the current knowledge on SOCE function in the brain with a focus on its role as a regulator of brain activity and excitability
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Soccer Players’ Sleep Quality and Training Load Were Affected by the COVID-19 Lockdown: An International Survey
Authors: Romdhani Mohamed , Washif Jad Adrian , Taylor Lee , Chamari Karim , _ _ 
Published: April 2023

Background: The effect of the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown on athlete sleep and training behavior is documented, albeit without a worldwide soccer-specific focus. Method: Soccer (football) players (N = 1639; 30 countries; age 22.5 [5.7] y; 81% ≤25 y; 56% male; 30% elite; 66% Muslim) answered a retrospective, cross-sectional questionnaire related to their behavioral habits before and during COVID-19 lockdown (survey period July to September 2020), including (1) Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index PSQI, (2) Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), (3) bespoke questions about training behaviors, and (4) Muslim player focused sleep and training behavior questions. Results: During lockdown (compared to prelockdown), PSQI (P < .001; moderate effect size [ES]) and ISI (P < .001; moderate ES) scores were higher in the overall sample and in elite versus nonelite (PSQI: P < .05; small ES and ISI: P < .001; small ES), >25 years versus ≤25 years (PSQI: P < .01; small ES and ISI: P < .001; moderate ES), females versus males (PSQI: P < .001; small ES), <1 month versus >1 month lockdown (PSQI: P < .05; small ES and ISI: P < .05; small ES), and players maintaining versus reducing training intensity (PSQI: P < .001; moderate ES and ISI: P < .001; small ES). Muslim players (41%) reported unfavorable sleep and/or training behaviors during Ramadan in lockdown compared to lockdown outside of Ramadan. Conclusions: Specific subgroups appear more vulnerable to lockdown effects, with training-intensity maintenance moderating negative effects relative to sleep. Policy and support (respectful of subgroup nuances) during lockdown-like challenges that facilitate training (including intensity) appear prudent, given their favorable relationship with sleep, mental health, and physical health, in the present data and elsewhere.
Association of Early Sports Participation With Sedentary Behavior in Community-Dwelling Adults—The Role of Sociodemographic Factors in a Retrospective Epidemiological Study
Authors: Tebar William R. , Borges Luan O. , Delfino Leandro D. , Mota Jorge , Ritti-Dias Raphael M. , Christofaro Diego G.D. 
Published: April 2023

Background: The role of sociodemographic factors in the association between early sports participation (ESP) and sedentary behavior is unclear. We analyzed the association of ESP with sedentary behavior and identified the influence of sociodemographic factors in adulthood. Methods: A sample of 264 community-dwelling adults was randomly assessed (42.6 [17.0] y old, 57.6% women). Sociodemographic factors (age, gender, and socioeconomic status) and ESP (retrospectively) were assessed by questionnaire. Sedentary behavior was measured by accelerometer and self-reported for domains identification. The association between ESP and sedentary behavior domains and sociodemographic factors was analyzed by Poisson regression and presented in prevalence ratio (PR). Sociodemographic factors were separately included as covariates to identify their role in the main association analysis. Results: The ESP prevalence was 56.4% (n = 149). ESP participants included a higher proportion of men (59.7% vs 20.0%), had a lower age (36.8 [15.3] vs 50.8 [15.9]), and included a smaller proportion of individuals with low socioeconomic status (24.8% vs 43.5%) compared with those without ESP. The ESP was inversely associated with older age (PR = 0.58, P < .001 for middle aged; PR = 0.34, P < .001 for older participants), female gender (PR = 0.79, P < .001), low socioeconomic status (PR = 0.63, P = .036), and TV watching (PR = 0.67, P = .011). ESP was associated with driving (PR = 1.50, P = .028), office/paper work (PR = 1.63, P = .012), and using a cellphone (PR = 1.60, P = .009). The age was the main confounding factor of association between ESP and sedentary behavior, followed by socioeconomic status. No mediation role was identified. Conclusion: The ESP was associated with mentally active behavior domains and inversely associated with mentally passive sedentary behavior domains, but this association was majorly affected by sociodemographic factors, mainly by age.
Applications of Data Literacy to Course Design in Sport Performance Analytics
Authors: Pifer Nathan David , Lumpkin Angela , Henry Thomas 
Published: April 2023

With sport now fully immersed in the era of big data, there is a need for sport managers who are data literate and, therefore, capable of collecting, managing, evaluating, and applying data to the range of problems and scenarios encountered by industry personnel. However, many in the sport management academy remain unacquainted with the development and delivery of sports analytics courses, unsure of the methods and means by which they can equip students with the necessary skills. This is particularly true in sport performance analytics, the version of sports analytics popularized in the book and movie Moneyball and representative of data analyses applied to the competitive side of sport. Although prior literature has provided pedagogical guidance for instructors in the areas of general data analytics or sport business analytics, sports analytics in this traditional sense has largely been ignored. Using the data literacy framework, this manuscript outlines procedures for designing and delivering an applied course in sport performance analytics. It further provides prospective implementers with effective instructional tools and an overview of the challenges likely to be encountered in this arena.
Gravitational lensing by a charged spherically symmetric black hole immersed in thin dark matter
Authors: Gao Xiao-Jun , Yan Xiao-kun , Yin Yihao , Hu Ya-Peng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe investigate the gravitational lensing effect around a spherically symmetric black hole, whose metric is obtained from the Einstein field equation with electric charge and perfect-fluid dark matter contributing to its energy-momentum tensor. We do the calculation analytically in the weak field limit and we assume that both the charge and the dark matter are much less abundant (only give rise to the next-leading-order contribution) in comparison to the black hole mass. In particular, we derive the light deflection angle and the size of the Einstein ring, where approximations up to the next-leading order are done with extra care, especially for the logarithmic term from perfect-fluid dark matter. We expect our results will be useful in the future to relate the theoretical model of perfect fluid dark matter with observations of celestial bodies immersed in thin dark matter.
Weakly Supervised Hashing with Reconstructive Cross-modal Attention
Authors: Du Yongchao , Wang Min , Lu Zhenbo , Zhou Wengang , Li Houqiang 
Published: April 2023

On many popular social websites, images are usually associated with some meta-data such as textual tags, which involve semantic information relevant to the image and can be used to supervise the representation learning for image retrieval. However, these user-provided tags are usually polluted by noise, therefore the main challenge lies in mining the potential useful information from those noisy tags. Many previous works simply treat different tags equally to generate supervision, which will inevitably distract the network learning. To this end, we propose a new framework, termed as Weakly Supervised Hashing with Reconstructive Cross-modal Attention (WSHRCA), to learn compact visual-semantic representation with more reliable supervision for retrieval task. Specifically, for each image-tag pair, the weak supervision from tags is refined by cross-modal attention, which takes image feature as query to aggregate the most content-relevant tags. Therefore, tags with relevant content will be more prominent while noisy tags will be suppressed, which provides more accurate supervisory information. To improve the effectiveness of hash learning, the image embedding in WSHRCA is reconstructed from hash code, which is further optimized by cross-modal constraint and explicitly improves hash learning. The experiments on two widely-used datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method for weakly-supervised image retrieval. The code is available at
https://github.com/duyc168/weakly-supervised-hashing
.
Probiotic Effects of Bacillus subtilis on Growth Performance and Intestinal Microecological Balance of Growing-to-Finishing Pigs
Authors: Li Ruili , Liu Jiewei , Liu Yuhua , Cao Liting , Qiu Wanfeng , Qin Ming 
Published: April 2023

The present study investigated the growth performance, immune status, gut morphology, and gut microflora modulation in growing-to-finishing pigs (n = 72; 24 pigs/group) after dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis; two groups (experiment 1 (E1) and experiment 2 (E2): 63 and 98 days, respectively) and control (Ct, basal diet). The results revealed that both 1–98 d and 1–63 d groups significantly improved growth performance, including an increase in midtest body weight (MBW)

P
=
0.0114

, final body weight (FBW)

P
<
0.0001

, and average daily gain (ADG)

P
<
0.0001

and a decrease in the ratio of feed to gain (F/G)

P
<
0.0001

. There was an increase in serum IgG and SOD levels after supplementation with B. subtilis

P
=
0.0074

. Furthermore, B. subtilis potentiated the integrity of intestinal morphology (villus height (VH)

P
<
0.0001

and villus height/crypt depth (VH/CD)

P
=
0.0009

) in growing-to-finishing pigs. The LEfSe analysis identified 11 and 13 biomarkers in the fecal samples of the 1–63 d group and 1–98 d, respectively. The gut microflora alterations of growth-finishing pigs suggested that dietary B. subtilis could promote gut health by altering the relative abundances of different bacterial communities. A correlation analysis showed that B. subtilis could regulate the functional network of the intestine microflora and their interactions with its host. Taken together, dietary B. subtilis supplementation had a positive influence on the growth performance, gut health, and the composition of gut microorganisms, suggesting that B. subtilis can be used as a functional probiotic candidate for application in the production of growing-to-finishing pigs. Practical Applications. The addition of probiotics in the diet can modulate intestinal health, improve the digestibility of nutrients, and thus, help improve the nutrient utilization and production performance of pigs. It is one of the ideal substitutes for antibiotics. This study will help us understand the function of B. subtilis in the regulation of pig intestinal health, so as to provide scientific basis for the rational use of probiotics in the future pig industry.
Insights into a putative polychaete-gastropod symbiosis from a newly identified annelid worm that predates upon Conus ermineus eggs
Authors: Giglio Matías L. , Salcedo Paula Flórez , Watkins Maren , Olivera Baldomero 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Cone snails are a diverse group of venomous marine gastropods that have dioecious reproduction and internal fertilization resulting in egg deposition inside capsules. However, the observational studies conducted on their spawning behaviour and egg masses have left many open questions. Here, we analyse egg masses from a specimen of Conus ermineus kept in captivity for over 17 years. We present the first detailed description of the morphological features of the egg capsules and eggs (e.g., egg shape, size, and colour). The analysis of these capsules led us to the identification of a dinophilid worm (Polychaeta: Dinophilidae) living inside the snail egg capsules and likely feeding upon the snail eggs. This is the first report of such behaviours among dinophilids. Our analysis suggests that these worms belong to a new species, here described as Dimorphilus oophagus sp. nov., supported by both molecular and morphological data. Finally, we discuss the possibility of a putative symbiotic relationship between the worm and the snail.
Phylogenetics and taxonomy of the scleractinian coral family Euphylliidae
Authors: Arrigoni Roberto , Stolarski Jarosław , Terraneo Tullia I. , Hoeksema Bert W. , Berumen Michael L. , Payri Claude , Montano Simone , Benzoni Francesca 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The family Euphylliidae consists of reef-building zooxanthellate scleractinian corals distributed across the Indo-Pacific. Seven extant genera comprising a total of 22 valid species are currently recognised. Recent studies have re-organised the taxonomy of the family at the genus level based on molecular and morphological data, including a comprehensive revision of Euphyllia and the resurrection of Fimbriaphyllia. Here, three mitochondrial loci (coi, 12S rRNA, and 16S rRNA) were sequenced and morphological examinations were conducted at three scales (macro/micromorphology and microstructure of the skeleton, and polyp morphology) to study the phylogeny and taxonomy of Euphylliidae. We analysed a total of 11 valid species collected from seven Indo-Pacific localities. The monotypic genus Coeloseris, currently in Agariciidae, was also investigated since previous molecular data suggested a close relationship with the Euphylliidae. Molecular and morphological phylogenetic trees were broadly concordant in the definition of genus-level clades. All analysed genera, i.e., Ctenella, Euphyllia, Fimbriaphyllia, Galaxea, and Gyrosmilia, were reciprocally monophyletic based on molecular results. Coeloseris was nested within the family and, therefore, is formally moved into Euphylliidae. Updated morphological diagnoses are provided for each investigated genus. This study further demonstrated that a phylogenetic classification of scleractinian corals can be achieved by applying a combined morpho-molecular approach. Finally, we encourage phylogenetic and taxonomic studies of the euphylliid taxa not yet analysed molecularly, such as the monotypic genera Montigyra and Simplastrea.
Scholarly Discourse on the Visuality of Ethics in Gaming: An Opening Conversation
Authors: Redder Benjamin Dorrington , Schott Gareth 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article offers perspectives into some of the key intersections between ethics in representation and game design by showcasing an extended ten-minute version of the presenters’ original video about the provocation of visual ethics in gaming, first shown at the summit ‘Re/Sponse-able Visual Ethics.’ This version particularly divulges further detail into the ludic and congruent real-world dynamics that come into play in coding and facilitating both the game’s system of rules and mechanics as well as the player’s immersion in its game world. Topics principally addressed included the relationship and function of violence in procedural-based game activity, and game developer intentions or responses to their chosen subjects and themes embedded into their game. While the video and its topics primarily aligned to the presenters’ respective disciplines, it is still a valuable platform to instigate new or expand existing avenues of research into the relationship of ethics and gaming.
Associations of internalized stigma with psychosocial functioning and quality of life in people with schizophrenia
Authors: Tu Chao-Ying , Liu Wei-Shih , Huang Wei-Lieh 
Published: April 2023

Background: Schizophrenia is associated with poor functional recovery. Internalized stigma is one of the factors related to the functioning of individuals with schizophrenia. We aimed to investigate whether internalized stigma was associated with subjective and objective recovery-related outcomes after controlling for neurocognition and other important confounders in individuals with schizophrenia. Method: We assessed the socio demographic background, psychopathology, neurocognition, internalized stigma, psychosocial functioning, and quality of life of 86 patients who had schizophrenia. Correlation analyses and multiple linear regression were used to investigate the association of internalized stigma and other variables with recovery-related outcomes. Results: We found that the negative symptom scores of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale but not internalized stigma was associated with psychosocial functioning as measured by the Personal and Social Performance global score. In contrast, internalized stigma was associated with the Psychological, Social relationships, and Environment scores of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF). Depression was also associated with the Physical health, Psychological, and Social relationships sores of the WHOQOL-BREF. Conclusions: While internalized stigma was associated with several domains of quality of life, it was not associated with clinician-rated psychosocial functioning. The effects of internalized stigma on the subjective and objective recovery-related outcomes of individuals with schizophrenia might be divergent.