bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Evaluation of Saponins Extracted from Fresh Fruit of Luffa acutangula against Multidrug Resistance Staphylococcus aureus and their Mechanism in Ultrastructural Surface
Authors: Huang Miaoen , Wang Tianji , Wang Yinghao , Chen Jinjun , Cai Xiaoxuan , Huang Xixiang , Li Li , Lu Yingnian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Bacterial resistance leads to the dilemma in the treatment with synthetic antibiotics. A new alternative strategy is to develop some safe and non-toxic natural antibiotics as alternative therapeutic drugs. The aims of this research were to determine the saponins extracted from fresh fruit of Luffa acutangula, to evaluate their antibacterial property by inhibiting the formation of biofilm, and to reveal the mechanism in ultrastructural surface.
Methods
the saponin components were extracted and isolated from Fresh Fruit of Luffa acutangula by organic solvents extraction; their chemical structures were identified by HPLC-MS/MS. The growth inhibition curves and the 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the extract. Then, crystal violet staining method was accepted to investigate the capacity of the saponins to inhibit biofilm formation. Anti-biofilm activity was assessed with minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC). The interaction of the chemical compounds with saponins and biofilm were observed by SEM in ultrastructural surface.
Results
the extract by n-butanol was mainly saponins and the total content of saponins in the extract was 322.58 mg/g. nine saponin compounds were identified in n-butanol extract and the saponin compounds were mainly triterpene aglycone and triterpene glucosides. The extracted saponins have great bacteriostasis with IC50 value 3mg/ml, and the saponins can also inhibite the biofilm formation with MBIC value 16mg/ml.
Conclusions
the saponins extracted from fresh fruit of Luffa acutangula could inhibit multidrug resistance Staphylococcus aureus and substantially eradicate biofilm, it may be a potential to be developed as antibacterial agent.
Spatio- temporal change in river course Yamuna and its enabling factors: A study of Trans-Yamuna Region, Delhi, India.
Authors: Yadav Mukesh , Kapoor Anika 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

This paper investigates the spatio-temporal changes in the course of the River Yamuna in Trans- Yamuna region, National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi. The study elaborates the major factors affecting course of the river Yamuna. Urbanisation is the most important factor that affects the flow of rivers in urban areas along with natural factors such as rainfall, geology, and floods. LANDSAT MSS, ETM, OLI and TIRS satellite imageries from 1977, 1989, 2002 and 2017 respectively were considered to demarcate the chronological land use/ land cover change (LULC) and eventually in the river course. The river alignment change examination and sinuosity index were conducted to understand the river course change, and this implies that river Yamuna is sinuous in nature. It was found that with the time there are two identified pockets where river has experienced major change in its course. The Trans-Yamuna region has undergone significant changes during the study period. Substantial upsurge in built- land use category has its own impact on the land use dynamics and urban development. Therefore, the study necessitates the study of the river morphology dynamics and thereby urging policymakers to integrate factors impacting the river course change to achieve sustainable urban development.
Electroanalytical studies on polymer gel electrolytes containing heat resistant polymethyl methacrylate, succinonitrile solvent and Lithium perchlorate salt
Authors: Aadesh Aadesh Prajapati , Maitri Maitri Patel , Yogesh Yogesh Kumar , Pramod Pramod Kumar Yadawa , Sunil Sunil. H. Chaki , Deepak Deepak Kumar 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

In this work, Lithium-ion conducting polymer gel electrolytes (PGE) based on heat resistant polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), succinonitrile (SN) solvent and Lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) salt in different molarities have been prepared using solution casting technique. The effect of varying LiClO4 salt within the heat resistant PMMA matrix containing SN solvent is investigated. The PGE with PMMA/SN matrix and 1.5 M LiClO4 salt demonstrated a maximum ionic conductivity of 4.9 × 10-5 S cm-1 at room temperature. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss values for each PGEs is found to be more towards high frequency side due to prevalent polarising effects. The ion-dynamics using electroanalytical studies reveals that PGE with PMMA/SN/1.5 M LiClO4 salt not only possesses good ionic conductivity but also have good diffusivity (D), mobility (μ) and Nµ values as compared to the other electrolyte specimens of this report. The thermogravimetric studies and electrochemical stability window measurement reveal that this optimized electrolyte also offers a relatively lower weight loss of < 7 % on varying the temperature from room temperature to 100° C while the working voltage range offered by each PGEs is found to be > 4 V.
Episodic transient deformation in the Noto Peninsula, central Japan, revealed by the analysis of multiple GNSS networks
Authors: Nishimura Takuya , Hiramatsu Yoshihiro , Ohta Yusaku 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Since November 30, 2020, an intense seismic swarm and transient deformation have been continuously observed in the Noto Peninsula, central Japan, which is a non-volcanic/geothermal area far from major plate boundaries. We modeled transient deformation based on a combined analysis of multiple Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observation networks, including one operated by a private sector company (SoftBank Corp.), relocated earthquake hypocenters, and tectonic settings. Our analysis showed a total displacement pattern over two years shows horizontal inflation and uplift of up to ~70 mm around the source of the earthquake swarm. In the first three months, the opening of the sub-horizontal tensile crack had an estimated volumetric increase of ~1.4 x 107m3at a depth of ~16 km. Over the next 15 months, the observed deformation was well reproduced by shear-tensile sources, which represent an aseismic reverse-type slip and the opening of a southeast-dipping fault zone at a depth of 14–16 km. We suggest that the upwelling fluid spread subhorizontally at a depth of ~16 km through an existing permeable fault zone and then diffused into the fault zone, triggering a long-lasting sub-meter aseismic slip below the seismogenic depth. The aseismic slip further triggered intense earthquake swarms at the updip.
Comparative Analysis of Glycated Haemoglobin, Fasting Blood Glucose and Haematological Parameters of Type-2 Diabetes Patients
Authors: Antwi-Baffour Samuel , Mensah Benjamin Tetteh , Armah Dorinda Naa Okailey , Ali-Mustapha Samira , Annison Lawrence 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective: Diabetes remains a major health problem, and Glycated hemoglobin (HBA1c) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels play important roles in its management. Also, chronic hyperglycemia coupled with high HBA1c levels impact inflammation and may alter haematological parameters in diabetes. Hence, the need to assess and correlate HBA1c and FBG levels with selected haematological parameters in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus as the main objective of this study. The study was cross-sectional involving 384 participants. Five milliliters of blood was collected from each participant and analyzed for HBA1c, FBG levels and full blood count which were correlated statistically.
Results. From the data obtained and analyzed, there were statistically significant correlations between HBA1c and neutrophil count (p<0.013), plateletcrit (p<0.036), mean platelet volume (p<0.019) and platelet distribution width (p<0.002). There were also significant differences in FBG (p<0.014), neutrophil count (p<0.029), red cell distribution width (p<0.046), mean platelet volume (p<0.032) and platelet distribution width (p<0.013) between diabetes patients with HBA1c less than 7.0% and HBA1c more than or equal to 7.0%. The outcome of the study indicates significant correlation of HBA1c with selected haematological parameters. This could make routine haematological parameters a cost-effective means of predicting poor glucose control in diabetes mellitus patients.
Proline Maintains the Proliferation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Decreasing Intracellular Oxidative Stress and Reducing Autophagy During Acute Nutrient Stress
Authors: Liu Ziming , Li Xinyu , Ge Qichao , Yang Fan , Sun Siyu , Ge Nan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

PurposeMalignant tumour cell proliferation has high nutritional requirements and leads to nutrient depletion in local tumour tissues. Metabolic reprogramming under nutritional stress is essential for malignant tumour cell proliferation. Proline metabolism contributes to cancer cell proliferation and invasion, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms whereby proline maintains hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell proliferation.MethodsThe Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to compare expression of proteins related to proline metabolism between HCC and para-carcinoma tissues. Lipid droplet analysis in HCC cell lines was conducted to examine the effects of proline supplementation on lipid accumulation, and autophagic flux and protein expression were assessed to evaluate proline-mediated regulation of autophagy. Flow cytometry was used to determine intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species following proline addition.ResultsThe expression of proline-metabolism-related proteins was significantly higher in HCC tissues than in para-carcinoma tissues. Proline supplementation eliminated the inhibition of HCC cell growth caused by nutrient deficiencies. Proline significantly reduced lipid droplet accumulation and inhibited autophagy under conditions of acute nutrient stress by maintaining the redox balance.ConclusionProline plays an important role in regulating HCC cell survival under conditions of nutrient deficiency and represents a potential target for adjunctive cancer therapy.
Experimental research and mathematical modeling of isothermal separation of polydisperse emulsion system using quasi-monodisperse approach
Authors: Musin A.A. , Valiullina V. I. , Iulmukhametova R.R. , Kovaleva L. A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
An experimental study and mathematical modeling of the polydisperse water-in-oil emulsion gravitational separation in a rectangular cell have been carried out. An approach based on the analysis of the emulsion sample images obtained at different magnifications of an optical microscope was used to construct a histogram of the initial emulsion drops size distribution. The distribution curves of the droplets concentration along the height are constructed based on the results of digital processing of emulsions photographic images obtained in the course of an experiment on the gravitational separation of the emulsion. A technique for numerical simulation of the polydisperse emulsion system separation is proposed, based on considering a polydisperse system as a set of quasi-monodisperse systems and on jointly solving the equations for the different sizes droplets settling in the one-liquid approximation.
Relationship Between Access to Finance and Human Development in Developing Countries: Does Institutional Quality Matters?
Authors: Kamalu Kabiru , Ibrahim Wan Hakimah Binti Wan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Access to finance plays an important role in boosting economic activities, human capital development and access to health care, which promote human well-being. this study examines the heterogenous relationship between access to finance and human development in 21 developing countries, from 1996 to 2020. The study uses group-mean FMOLS and DOLS estimators with deterministic trend. The results show that the three proxies of access to finance promote long run human development in developing countries, but the effect of number of ATMs per 100,000 people is higher than that of number of commercial bank branches and domestic credit to private sector. The result also show that institutional quality matters as it enhances the positive effect of access to finance on human development for all the three proxies of access to finance. Government spending, Institutional quality and FDI found to promote human development in the long run. To promote sustainable human development, policymakers should pursue policies, programs and incentives that motivate commercial banks to establishes more branches and ATMs not only in urban centres but also in villages and remote locations.
JEL: G20; O15; O17; O50
Bioprospecting potential and textile dyeing of Mycobial red pigment from novel microorganism Nigrospora oryzae
Authors: Mani Israel , Thangavel Myithili , Sneha M. Joe Xavier , Pandi Mohan , Surendrababu Akash 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Natural pigments are getting prominence because of the hazardous effects from the use of synthetic colouring chemicals. Microbial pigments, in addition to their vast biological activities, provide an easily accessible alternative supply of natural colours. A total of twenty-four fungal cultures were isolated from the leaf tissues of Senna auriculata, out of which a distinctive strain (FNG1) exhibited an extracellular pigmentation of reddish orange. The isolate was identified as Nigrospora oryzae based on morphological traits and a molecular phylogenetic study of a combined Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and β- tubulin analysis. The crude red pigment was the most soluble in ethyl acetate. The natural pigment was characterised and partly purified using thin-layer chromatography. As a result, the partly purified fungal pigment Ergo, was used in further bioprospecting investigations. The antimicrobial activity of the partly purified sample was evaluated against eight human pathogens, with the maximum zone of inhibition identified in Leucobacter AA7 (200–500 µg/mL). DPPH scavenging activity of the compound increased from 38.2–67.9% with an IC50 value of 34.195 ± 2.33 µg/mL. The cytotoxicity of partially purified fungal pigment inhibited cancer cells while having little effect on non-cancerous HEK293 T cells. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) provided evidence that the compound produced had antibacterial and anticancer properties. Cotton fabrics have the highest staining capacity for crude mycobial pigment, which is fast and exhibited negative cytotoxicity. This is the first report from novel microorganism N. oryzae.
Tentonin 3 is a pore-forming subunit of a slow-inactivation mechanosensitive channel
Authors: Pak Sungmin , Ryu Hyunil , Nguyen Thien-Luan , Lim Sujin , Kang Su Min , Yu Yeon Gyu , Woo Junhyuk , Kim Chanjin , Fenollar-Ferrer Cristina , Wood John N , Lee Mi-Ock , Hong Gyu-Sang , Han Kyungreem , Kim Tae Song , Oh Uhtaek 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Mechanically activating (MA) channels transduce numerous physiological functions. Tentonin 3/TMEM150C (TTN3) confers MA currents with slow-inactivation kinetics in somato- and baro-sensory neurons. Despite the distinct currents when heterologously expressed, whether TTN3 forms a channel pore is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that purified TTN3 proteins incorporated into the lipid bilayer exhibited spontaneous and pressure-sensitive channel currents. MA currents of TTN3 with unique slow-inactivation kinetics were conserved throughout the vertebrate phyla. The activation threshold of TTN3 and its pharmacological perturbations separated TTN3 from Piezo1. Deep neural network structure prediction programmes coupled with mutagenetic analysis predicted a rectangular shaped, tetrameric structure with six transmembrane helices and a pore at the inter-subunit centre. The putative pore aligned with two helices of each subunit and had constriction sites whose mutations changed the MA currents. These results suggest that TTN3 is a pore-forming subunit of a slow-inactivation MA channel, possibly with a unique structure.
Enterobacteriaceae complicate the recovery of Listeria monocytogenes from food product enrichments using buffered Listeria enrichment broth
Authors: Keys Ashley L. , Hitchins Anthony D , Smiley Ronald Derike 
Published: April 2023

Buffered Listeria enrichment broth (BLEB) is the preferred enrichment formulation of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the recovery of Listeria monocytogenes. BLEB, which relies on sodium nalidixate, cycloheximide and acriflavine-HCl for selectivity, permits the growth of all foodborne species of Listeria and several non-Listeria species including some members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Five species of Enterobacteriaceae and four strains of non-pathogenic Listeria species were evaluated to determine which ones most suppressed to L. monocytogenes 48 hour populations in BLEB; these were subsequently used in spiked-food enrichment competition studies. L. monocytogenes recovery was complicated by the simultaneous presence of both Listeria innocua and Enterobacteriaceae competitors. The overall mean L. monocytogenes enrichment populations (n=15 per matrix) were 4.2 ± 0.6, 3.1 ± 0.4, and 2.4 ± 0.7 log CFU/mL for guacamole, asadero cheese, and refrigerated crabmeat, respectively. The overall mean L. innocua enrichment populations (n=15 per matrix) were 8.0 ± 0.7, 6.4 ± 0.7, and 6.5 ± 0.3 log CFU/mL for the same three matrices, respectively. L. monocytogenes was not recovered from any spiked-food enrichment when using either Oxford or chromogenic agars. L. innocua was recovered from all enrichments. Matrix-free competition assays using non-pathogenic Listeria species and Citrobacter braakii, simultaneously, indicate the potential for Enterobacteriaceae competitors to contribute considerably to both L. monocytogenes population suppression and to large Listeria inter-species population differentials. In some instances, Enterobacteriaceae competitors suppressed L. monocytogenes populations more than the non-pathogenic Listeria species. The ability to recover L. monocytogenes from food matrices with complex microflora, including multiple species of Listeria, is an important issue for regulatory agencies since detection without recovery is considered a false positive test result.https://doi.org/10.21423/jrs-v04n01p010 (DOI assigned 7/23/2019)
Consistency of Label Claims of Internet-Purchased Hemp Oil and Cannabis Products as Determined using IMS and LC-MS : A Marketplace Survey
Authors: Ruth Ashley C , Gryniewicz-Ruzicka Connie M , Trehy Michael L , Kornspan Nicole , Coody Gary 
Published: April 2023

In this paper we describe the use of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and liquid chromatography – high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) to screen for the presence of cannabinoids and other potential hazards in a set of products with hemp oil and/or cannabinoid label claims purchased via the internet. Preliminary screening was performed using IMS to examine the products for the presence of cannabinoids, illicit drugs or undeclared pharmaceuticals before analysis by LC-HRMS to quantitatively determine the presence of four of the most common naturally occurring cannabinoids while simultaneously qualitatively screening for the presence of nine of the most common cannabinoids. No other illicit drug or undeclared pharmaceutical was detected in any sample from IMS screening. Eighteen of twenty-three samples tested positive for the presence of at least one cannabinoid by LC-HRMS, with three products containing less than 0.01%(w/w) of a cannabinoid. Four products with explicit CBD label claims were found to not contain any CBD, while three products featured levels of cannabinoids below label claim.https://doi.org/10.21423/jrs-v04n03p001 (DOI assigned 5/31/2019)
Evaluation of hydrological responses to climate change for a data-scarce mountainous watershed in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Yi-Hsuan Roger , Tseng Hung-Wei , Hsu Kuo-Chin , Chen Shang-Ying , Ke Chien-Chung , Chiang Li-Chi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite the mountainous watersheds being important for the ecosystem, water resources, and hydropower, little hydrological data has been collected. This data scarcity makes it difficult to evaluate their hydrologic response to climate change. This study integrated short-term hydrological data with physics-based meteorological and hydrological models to measure the impact of climate change on future water scarcity in the Wuling Mountain Watershed, Taiwan. Twenty-eight-month hydrological datasets from 2013 to 2015 were used for the hydrological characterization. Scenarios from CMIP5 were selected for the climate projection for the period 2021–2040 based on the inferred 1986–2005 baseline data. The results showed that precipitation, water percolation, and streamflow will decrease by about 10% and increase by about 20–25% in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. The evapotranspiration is lower than that of the baseline in January, March, and December, whereas it can be as high as 4% during the other months. The increase in the annual amount and change in the water distribution for all studied water components indicate the possible acceleration of the water cycle. Spectrum analysis showed that surface water tends toward becoming more irregular. Groundwater remains mildly persistent and thus may serve as a buffer for the impact of climate change on water resources.
Mobile DMA testing for leakage assessment: perspectives from Ontario, Canada
Authors: Jenks Bradley , Papa Fabian , Karney Bryan W. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

The formation of discrete regions in a water distribution system, referred to as district metered areas (DMAs), can be a pragmatic approach to diagnose both system and leakage characteristics. Their application, however, has historically been limited in the North American context owing in part to their costly implementation and operational challenges. Both to overcome these barriers and to demonstrate the benefits of DMAs, a leakage testing programme was undertaken in Ontario, Canada. Novelty arises from the development and deployment of a mobile testing unit specifically designed to collect minimum night flow (MNF) and pressure data into temporarily configured DMAs. Moreover, activation of a pressure reducing valve facilitated the direct testing of pressure modulation on leakage reduction. The mobile unit was deployed in 22 DMAs across eight water systems with results indicating a clear relationship between MNFs and system characteristics for well-performing DMAs. MNF benchmarks were quantified to enable an evidence-based assessment of leakage performance at the DMA level in typical Canadian water systems. This project established the proof-of-concept of the mobile unit for providing both accurate and reliable measurements of key leakage performance characteristics and for predicting leakage reduction following system interventions.