bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birth size, school performance and family social position: a study of 650,000 children
Authors: Silventoinen Karri , Luukkonen Juha , Myrskylä Mikko , Martikainen Pekka 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Low birth weight (BW) is associated with lower cognitive functioning, but less is known of these associations across the full range of the BW distribution and its components. We analyzed how BW, birth length (BL) and birth ponderal index (BPI, kg/m3) are associated with school performance and how childhood family social position modifies these associations.

Methods
Medical birth records of all Finnish children born in 1987–1997 were linked to school performance records at 16 years of age (N = 642,425). We used population averaged and within-siblings fixed-effects linear regression models.

Results
BL showed a linear and BW a curvilinear association with school performance whereas for BPI the association was weak. The strongest association was found for BL explaining 0.08% of the variation in school performance in boys and 0.14% in girls. Demographic, gestational and social factors partly explained these associations. Similar but weaker associations were found within sibships. The association of BL with school performance was stronger at lower levels of family social position.

Conclusion
BL shows a linear association with school performance and can explain more school performance variation than BW. At the population level, BL can offer useful information on intrauterine environmental factors relevant for cognitive performance.

Impact

Birth length is linearly associated with school performance in late adolescence and explains a larger proportion of school performance variation than birth weight.

The association between birth length and school performance is stronger in families with lower socio-economic position.

At the population level, birth length can offer information on the intrauterine environment relevant for later cognitive performance.
Epigenetic activation of secretory phenotypes in senescence by the FOXQ1-SIRT4-GDH signaling
Authors: Sun Xinpei , Li Qian , Tang Yunyi , Hu Wanjin , Chen Gengyao , An Hongguang , Huang Daoyuan , Tong Tanjun , Zhang Yu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlthough metabolic reprogramming is characterized as a hallmark of aging, implications of the crucial glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) in human senescence remain poorly understood. Here, we report that GDH activity is significantly increased in aged mice and senescent human diploid fibroblasts. This enzymatic potentiation is associated with de-repression of GDH from its functionally suppressive ADP-ribosylation modification catalyzed by NAD-dependent ADP-ribosyltransferase/deacetylase SIRT4. A series of transcription analyses led to the identification of FOXQ1, a forkhead family transcription factor (TF), responsible for the maintenance of SIRT4 expression levels in juvenile cells. However, this metabolically balanced FOXQ1-SIRT4-GDH axis, is shifted in senescence with gradually decreasing expressions of FOXQ1 and SIRT4 and elevated GDH activity. Importantly, pharmaceutical inhibition of GDH suppresses the aberrantly activated transcription of IL-6 and IL-8, two major players in senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and this action is mechanistically associated with erasure of the repressive H3K9me3 (trimethylation of lysine 9 on histone H3) marks at IL-6 and IL-8 promoters, owing to the requirement of α-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG) from GDH-mediated glutamate dehydrogenase reaction as a cofactor for histone demethylation. In supplement with the phenotypic evidence from FOXQ1/SIRT4/GDH manipulations, these data support the integration of metabolism alterations and epigenetic regulation in driving senescence progression and highlight the FOXQ1-SIRT4-GDH axis as a novel druggable target for improving human longevity.
Clade density and the evolution of diversity-dependent diversification
Authors: Pie Marcio R. , Divieso Raquel , Caron Fernanda S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe assumption of an ecological limit to the number of species in a given region is frequently invoked in evolutionary studies, yet its empirical basis is remarkably meager. We explore this assumption by integrating data on geographical distributions and phylogenetic relationships of nearly six thousand terrestrial vertebrate species. In particular, we test whether sympatry with closely-related species leads to decreasing speciation rates. We introduce the concept of clade density, which is the sum of the areas of overlap between a given species and other members of its higher taxon, weighted by their phylogenetic distance. Our results showed that, regardless of the chosen taxon and uncertainty in the phylogenetic relationships between the studied species, there is no significant relationship between clade density and speciation rate. We argue that the mechanistic foundation of diversity-dependent diversification is fragile, and that a better understanding of the mechanisms driving regional species pools is sorely needed.
Correlates of protection for booster doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BNT162b2
Authors: Hertz Tomer , Levy Shlomia , Ostrovsky Daniel , Oppenheimer Hanna , Zismanov Shosh , Kuzmina Alona , Friedman Lilach M. , Trifkovic Sanja , Brice David , Chun-Yang Lin , Cohen-Lavi Liel , Shemer-Avni Yonat , Cohen-Lahav Merav , Amichay Doron , Keren-Naus Ayelet , Voloshin Olga , Weber Gabriel , Najjar-Debbiny Ronza , Chazan Bibiana , McGargill Maureen A. , Webby Richard , Chowers Michal , Novack Lena , Novack Victor , Taube Ran , Nesher Lior , Weinstein Orly 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVaccination, especially with multiple doses, provides substantial population-level protection against COVID-19, but emerging variants of concern (VOC) and waning immunity represent significant risks at the individual level. Here we identify correlates of protection (COP) in a multicenter prospective study following 607 healthy individuals who received three doses of the Pfizer-BNT162b2 vaccine approximately six months prior to enrollment. We compared 242 individuals who received a fourth dose to 365 who did not. Within 90 days of enrollment, 239 individuals contracted COVID-19, 45% of the 3-dose group and 30% of the four-dose group. The fourth dose elicited a significant rise in antibody binding and neutralizing titers against multiple VOCs reducing the risk of symptomatic infection by 37% [95%CI, 15%-54%]. However, a group of individuals, characterized by low baseline titers of binding antibodies, remained susceptible to infection despite significantly increased neutralizing antibody titers upon boosting. A combination of reduced IgG levels to RBD mutants and reduced VOC-recognizing IgA antibodies represented the strongest COP in both the 3-dose group (HR = 6.34, p = 0.008) and four-dose group (HR = 8.14, p = 0.018). We validated our findings in an independent second cohort. In summary combination IgA and IgG baseline binding antibody levels may identify individuals most at risk from future infections.
Pathway selectivity in Frizzleds is achieved by conserved micro-switches defining pathway-determining, active conformations
Authors: Grätz Lukas , Kowalski-Jahn Maria , Scharf Magdalena M. , Kozielewicz Pawel , Jahn Michael , Bous Julien , Lambert Nevin A. , Gloriam David E. , Schulte Gunnar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe class Frizzled of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), consisting of ten Frizzled (FZD1-10) paralogs and Smoothened, remains one of the most enigmatic GPCR families. This class mediates signaling predominantly through Disheveled (DVL) or heterotrimeric G proteins. However, the mechanisms underlying pathway selection are elusive. Here we employ a structure-driven mutagenesis approach in combination with an extensive panel of functional signaling readouts to investigate the importance of conserved state-stabilizing residues in FZD5 for signal specification. Similar data were obtained for FZD4 and FZD10 suggesting that our findings can be extrapolated to other members of the FZD family. Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of wild type and selected FZD5 mutants further support the concept that distinct conformational changes in FZDs specify the signal outcome. In conclusion, we find that FZD5 and FZDs in general prefer coupling to DVL rather than heterotrimeric G proteins and that distinct active state micro-switches in the receptor are essential for pathway selection arguing for conformational changes in the receptor protein defining transducer selectivity.
Near-term pathways for decarbonizing global concrete production
Authors: Olsson Josefine A. , Miller Sabbie A. , Alexander Mark G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGrowing urban populations and deteriorating infrastructure are driving unprecedented demands for concrete, a material for which there is no alternative that can meet its functional capacity. The production of concrete, more particularly the hydraulic cement that glues the material together, is one of the world’s largest sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While this is a well-studied source of emissions, the consequences of efficient structural design decisions on mitigating these emissions are not yet well known. Here, we show that a combination of manufacturing and engineering decisions have the potential to reduce over 76% of the GHG emissions from cement and concrete production, equivalent to 3.6 Gt CO2-eq lower emissions in 2100. The studied methods similarly result in more efficient utilization of resources by lowering cement demand by up to 65%, leading to an expected reduction in all other environmental burdens. These findings show that the flexibility within current concrete design approaches can contribute to climate mitigation without requiring heavy capital investment in alternative manufacturing methods or alternative materials.
Dual-layer optical encryption fluorescent polymer waveguide chip based on optical pulse-code modulation technique
Authors: Wang Chunxue , Zhang Daming , Yue Jian , Zhang Xucheng , Lin Hang , Sun Xiangyi , Cui Anqi , Zhang Tong , Chen Changming , Fei Teng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInformation encryption technique has broad applications in individual privacy, military confidentiality, and national security, but traditional electronic encryption approaches are increasingly unable to satisfy the demands of strong safety and large bandwidth of high-speed data transmission over network. Optical encryption technology could be more flexible and effective in parallel programming and multiple degree-of-freedom data transmitting application. Here, we show a dual-layer optical encryption fluorescent polymer waveguide chip based on optical pulse-code modulation technique. Fluorescent oligomers were doped into epoxy cross-linking SU-8 polymer as a gain medium. Through modifying both the external pumping wavelength and operating frequency of the pulse-code modulation, the sender could ensure the transmission of vital information is secure. If the plaintext transmission is eavesdropped, the external pumping light will be switched, and the receiver will get warning commands of ciphertext information in the standby network. This technique is suitable for high-integration and high-scalability optical information encryption communications.
A Dataset of 10,000 Situations for Research in Computational Social Sciences Psychology and the Humanities
Authors: Neuman Yair , Cohen Yochai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIt has been realized that situational dimensions, as represented by human beings, are crucial for understanding human behavior. The Riverside Situational Q (RSQ) is a tool that measures the psychological properties of situations. However, the RSQ-4 includes only 90 items and may have limited use for researchers interested in measuring situational dimensions using a computational approach. Here we present a corpus of 10,000 artificially generated situations corresponding mostly with the RSQ-4. The dataset was generated using GPT, the state-of-the-art large language model. The dataset validity is established through inter-judge reliability, and four experiments on large datasets support its quality. The dataset and the code used for generating 100 situational dimensions may be useful for researchers interested in measuring situational dimensions in textual data.
Dataset of mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of copper-based alloys
Authors: Gorsse Stéphane , Gouné Mohamed , Lin Wei-Chih , Girard Lionel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article presents a collection of data on approximately 150 copper-based alloys. The data compilation is based on articles published since 1993 and consists of about 1830 records. Each record contains a unique set of descriptors, such as composition and processing route, and targets, including properties such as hardness, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and electrical conductivity. The dataset includes information on the composition in mass percent of 20 alloying elements, and hundreds of temperature-time thermal treatments and thermomechanical conditions. The database is continually updated and hosted on an open data repository. Some of the data are presented graphically in the article to aid interpretation. This study intends to promote the identification of more sustainable alternatives to Cu-Be alloys, which is particularly relevant in developing non-toxic and environmentally-friendly alloys.
NZTD - The New Zealand Trait Database for shallow-water marine benthic invertebrates
Authors: Lam-Gordillo Orlando , Lohrer Andrew M. , Hewitt Judi , Dittmann Sabine 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMacrobenthic traits, for example feeding mode, life history, morphology, are increasingly used for determining responses of macrobenthic fauna to environmental change and influences on ecosystem functioning. Yet, trait information is scarce or non-existent in several parts of the world, such as New Zealand. This deficit makes collecting trait data a difficult and time-consuming task, limiting its potential use in trait-based assessments. Here, we present the New Zealand Trait Database (NZTD) for marine benthic invertebrates, the first comprehensive assessment of macrobenthic traits in New Zealand. The NZTD provides trait information for more than 700 macrobenthic taxa, categorised by 18 traits and 77 trait modalities. The NZTD includes five freely downloadable datasets, (1) the macrobenthic trait dataset, with outcomes from a fuzzy coding procedure, (2) the trait source information, (3) the references by taxa, (4) the full references list, and (5) the full taxa list used in the NZTD. Establishing the NZTD closes the trait knowledge gap in New Zealand and facilitates future research applying trait-based approaches to New Zealand’s coastal macrofauna.
Silicon-based mid infrared on-chip gas sensor using Fano resonance of coupled plasmonic microcavities
Authors: Sherif Sherif M. , Swillam Mohamed A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSensing in the mid infrared spectral range is highly desirable for the detection and monitoring of different gases. We hereby propose a CMOS compatible silicon-based sensor that operates at (3.5–10 μm) within the mid infrared range. The silicon material is doped to the level that shifts its plasmonic resonance to 3 μm wavelength. The sensor device comprises an in-line rectangular microcavity and a stub microcavity resonator. The resonance frequencies/wavelengths of the two resonators were studied with different design dimensions. When the two resonators are designed to resonate at close frequencies, the interesting Fano resonance with its distinct and sharp line shape is excited due to the interference between the two resonance profiles. Fano resonance is useful for highly sensitive measurements due to its abrupt intensity changing profile. The sensor is studied and analyzed using Finite Difference Element and 2D Finite Difference Time Domain methods. The sensor's performance is characterized by its high sensitivity of 6000 nm/RIU, FOM of 353, and limited insertion loss of 0.45 dB around 6.5 μm operation wavelength. Furthermore, we develop the sensor for simultaneously detecting formaldehyde CH2O and nitrous oxide N2O gases from their strong absorption bands at 3.6 μm and 4.46 μm wavelengths, respectively.
Development of reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis of gene expression in Pleurotus pulmonarius for biotechnological applications
Authors: Gomes Taísa Godoy , de Assis Fonseca Fernando Campos , Alves Gabriel Sergio Costa , de Siqueira Félix Gonçalves , Miller Robert Neil Gerard 
Published: July 2023

AbstractJatropha curcas is an oilseed crop with biorefinery applications. Whilst cake generated following oil extraction offers potential as a protein source for animal feed, inactivation of toxic phorbol esters present in the material is necessary. Pleurotus pulmonarius is a detoxifying agent for jatropha cake with additional potential as animal feed, edible mushroom and for enzyme production. For the characterization of fungal genes involved in phorbol ester degradation, together with other industrial applications, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is a tool that enables accurate quantification of gene expression. For this, reliable analysis requires reference genes for normalization of mRNA levels validated under conditions employed for target genes. The stability of potential reference genes β-TUB, ACTIN, GAPDH, PHOS, EF1α, TRPHO, LAC, MNP3, MYP and VP were evaluated following growth of P. pulmonarius on toxic, non-toxic jatropha cake and a combined treatment, respectively. NormFinder and geNorm algorithms for expression stability analysis identified PHOS, EF1α and MNP3 as appropriate for normalizing gene expression. Reference gene combinations contrasting in ranking were compared following normalization of relative expression of the CHU_2040 gene, encoding an esterase enzyme potentially involved in phorbol ester degradation. The reference genes for P. pulmonarius will facilitate the elucidation of mechanisms involved in detoxification of phorbol esters as well as analysis of target genes for application in biorefinery models.
Edwards–Wilkinson depinning transition in fractional Brownian motion background
Authors: Valizadeh N. , Hamzehpour H. , Samadpour M. , Najafi M. N. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThere are various reports about the critical exponents associated with the depinning transition. In this study, we investigate how the disorder strength present in the support can account for this diversity. Specifically, we examine the depinning transition in the quenched Edwards–Wilkinson (QEW) model on a correlated square lattice, where the correlations are modeled using fractional Brownian motion (FBM) with a Hurst exponent of H.We identify a crossover time $$T^*$$

T
∗

that separates the dynamics into two distinct regimes: for $$T>T^*$$

T
>

T
∗

, we observe the typical behavior of pinned surfaces, while for $$T<T^*$$

T
<

T
∗

, the behavior differs. We introduce a novel three-variable scaling function that governs the depinning transition for all considered H values. The associated critical exponents exhibit a continuous variation with H, displaying distinct behaviors for anti-correlated ($$H<0.5$$

H
<
0.5

) and correlated ($$H>0.5$$

H
>
0.5

) cases. The critical driving force decreases with increasing H, as the host medium becomes smoother for higher H values, facilitating fluid mobility. This fact causes the asymptotic velocity exponent $$\theta$$
θ
to increase monotonically with H.
Traditional birth attendants’ knowledge, preventive and management practices for postpartum haemorrhage in Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Esan Deborah Tolulope , Ayenioye Olabisi Helen , Ajayi Paul Oladapo , Sokan-Adeaga Adewale Allen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTraditional birth attendants (TBAs) have become an integral part of the workforce providing delivery services in Nigeria due to the limited number of skilled birth attendants and cultural preferences. This study assessed the knowledge, management and preventive practices regarding postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) among TBAs in selected communities in Osun State, Southwest Nigeria. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional study design and recruited 260 TBAs in four communities in Osun State. Data were collected by means of an adapted semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23 and summarized using descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square and logistic regression) with the level of significance set at p < 0.05. The findings indicated that most (71.4%) of the TBAs were cleric, while others were herbalist (28.6%). Although the majority (76.4%) of the TBAs had good knowledge of the causes and warning signs of PPH, a high percentage (69.3%) of TBAs had poor management practices, while 114 (64.1%) TBAs had inadequate preventive practices. Notably, almost none of the participants practised active management of the third stage of labour; the majority of TBAs did not administer any uterotonic drugs to the mother, nor did they deliver the placenta by controlled cord traction. Gender (P = 0.029), educational level (P = 0.035) and average number of births per month (P = 0.001) significantly influenced TBAs’ management practices. Similarly, the TBA type (P < 0.001), average number of births per month (P = 0.003) and experience with formal training (P = 0.005) showed significant associations with TBAs’ preventive practices. Furthermore, TBAs’ preventive practices towards PPH were influenced by the TBA type (OR: 4.23; 95% CI 1.64–10.90). TBA management practices were also influenced by the TBA type (OR: 4.42; 95% CI 2.03–9.61). Traditional birth attendants in this study had poor management and poor preventive practices for postpartum haemorrhage.
Technical–economic analysis to identify the acceptable maximum attenuation on PON FTTH lines for wholesale network operators
Authors: Mazzei Claudio , Crescitelli Matteo , Fioramanti Daniele , Quagliarini Alessandro , Reale Andrea , Brunetti Francesca 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTelecommunications companies are constantly chasing continuous technological advances with their management methods of Operations & Maintenance (O&M) that still struggle to turn their eye toward innovation and simplification of processes. In a future that aims at fully fiber-optic networks, the objective of the research is to propose guidelines and provide data to support the Wholesale Operator for the definition of the acceptable attenuation threshold on the Passive Optical Network Fiber-To-The-Home (PON FTTH) infrastructure to determine the Service Level Agreements (SLA) to be contracted with Retail Operators. Following exceeding the threshold, the Retail Operator has the right to open a Trouble Ticket to request the resolution of the anomaly. Consequently, the definition of the attenuation threshold strongly affects the number of Trouble Tickets to be managed and the related costs the Wholesale Operator bears. This paper analyzes a specific case of the PON FTTH network of the Italian wholesale operator Open Fiber. The studied infrastructure, with a length of 11 km, allows a maximum attenuation of 37 dB without degrading the service. An economic model has been proposed to assess the cost impact of moving the attenuation threshold in the SLA.