bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between Physical Activity and Incidence of Cancer among Overweight Adults in Korea: Results from the Health Examinees-G Study
Authors: Choi Jaesung , Park JooYong , Kim Ji-Eun , Lee Miyoung , Kang Daehee , Shin Aesun , Choi Ji-Yeob 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Although the protective effects of physical activity against several cancers are well established, evidence is inconsistent concerning Asian populations. Therefore, we assessed the association between the characteristics of physical activity and overall and type-specific cancer incidence in Koreans and examined the differences in association according to obesity status. Using prospective data from 112,108 participants in the Health Examinees study-G from 2004 to 2013, we evaluated the association between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and the incidence of overall and type-specific cancers using the Cox proportional hazards model. Self-reported LTPA participation, duration per week, intensity, type, and diversity were assessed. The incidence of overall and type-specific cancers, including colorectal, gastric, lung, breast, and prostate cancer and 13 obesity-related cancers, was identified using the Korea Central Cancer Registry from 1999 to 2018. Analyses were also stratified according to obesity status. In overweight males, participation in vigorous LTPA [HR, 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.72–0.97] and walking (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72–0.98) were associated with a lower risk of cancer overall. Regarding cancer types, climbing was marginally associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer in overweight males (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.37–1.00). In normal-weight females, although there was an increased risk in those performing recreational activities, this risk was attenuated when those diagnosed with thyroid cancer were excluded. In the analysis for 13 obesity-related cancers, consistent associations were found. These findings suggest the need for greater public awareness regarding physical activity among overweight individuals within the Asian population.

Prevention Relevance:
Overall cancer risk is associated with leisure-time physical activity such as duration, intensity, type, and diversity in overweight males, but not in the general population. The decreased risk was most noticeable for colorectal cancer. Our results suggest that physical activity may reduce the risk of cancer among overweight Asian males.
Branched‐Chain Amino Acids in Computed Tomography–Defined Adipose Depots and Coronary Artery Disease: A PROMISE Trial Biomarker Substudy
Authors: Zhao Elizabeth , Giamberardino Stephanie N. , Pagidipati Neha J. , Voora Deepak , Ginsburg Geoffrey S. , Hoffmann Udo , Karády Júlia , Ferencik Maros , Douglas Pamela S. , Foldyna Borek , Shah Svati H. 
Published: May 2023

Background
The interplay between branched‐chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism, an important pathway in adiposity and cardiometabolic disease, and visceral adipose depots such as hepatic steatosis (HS) and epicardial adipose tissue is unknown. We leveraged the PROMISE clinical trial with centrally adjudicated coronary computed tomography angiography imaging to determine relationships between adipose depots, BCAA dysregulation, and coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods and Results

The PROMISE (Prospective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain) trial randomized 10 003 outpatients with stable chest pain to computed tomography angiography versus standard‐of‐care diagnostics. For this study, we included 1798 participants with available computed tomography angiography data and biospecimens. Linear and logistic regression were used to determine associations between a molar sum of BCAAs measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with body mass index, adipose traits, and obstructive CAD. Mendelian randomization was then used to determine if BCAAs are in the causal pathway for adipose depots or CAD. The study sample had a mean age of 60 years (SD, 8.0), body mass index of 30.6 (SD, 5.9), and epicardial adipose tissue volume of 57.3 (SD, 21.3) cm
3
/m
2
; 27% had HS, and 14% had obstructive CAD. BCAAs were associated with body mass index (multivariable beta 0.12 per SD increase in BCAA [95% CI, 0.08–0.17];
P
=4×10
−8
). BCAAs were also associated with HS (multivariable odds ratio [OR], 1.46 per SD increase in BCAAs [95% CI, 1.28–1.67];
P
=2×10
−8
), but BCAAs were associated only with epicardial adipose tissue volume (odds ratio, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.07–1.32];
P
=0.002) and obstructive CAD (OR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.04–1.34];
P
=0.009) in univariable models. Two‐sample Mendelian randomization did not support the role of BCAAs as within the causal pathways for HS or CAD.

Conclusions
BCAAs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases, and adipose depots have been associated with the risk of CAD. Leveraging a large clinical trial, we further establish the role of dysregulated BCAA catabolism in HS and CAD, although BCAAs did not appear to be in the causal pathway of either disease. This suggests that BCAAs may serve as an independent circulating biomarker of HS and CAD but that their association with these cardiometabolic diseases is mediated through other pathways.
Effect of Adapted Mindfulness Training in Participants With Elevated Office Blood Pressure: The MB‐BP Study: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Loucks Eric B. , Schuman‐Olivier Zev , Saadeh Frances B. , Scarpaci Matthew M. , Nardi William R. , Proulx Jeffrey A. , Gutman Roee , King Jean , Britton Willoughby B. , Kronish Ian M. 
Published: May 2023

Background
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Despite availability of effective lifestyle and medication treatments, blood pressure (BP) is poorly controlled in the United States. Mindfulness training may offer a novel approach to improve BP control. The objective was to evaluate the effects of Mindfulness‐Based Blood Pressure Reduction (MB‐BP) versus enhanced usual care control on unattended office systolic BP.

Methods and Results
Methods included a parallel‐group phase 2 randomized clinical trial conducted from June 2017 to November 2020. Follow‐up time was 6 months. Outcome assessors and data analyst were blinded to group allocation. Participants had elevated unattended office BP (≥120/80 mm Hg). We randomized 201 participants to MB‐BP (n=101) or enhanced usual care control (n=100). MB‐BP is a mindfulness‐based program adapted for elevated BP. Loss‐to‐follow‐up was 17.4%. The primary outcome was change in unattended office systolic BP at 6 months. A total of 201 participants (58.7% women; 81.1% non‐Hispanic White race and ethnicity; mean age, 59.5 years) were randomized. Results showed that MB‐BP was associated with a 5.9‐mm Hg reduction (95% CI, −9.1 to −2.8 mm Hg) in systolic BP from baseline and outperformed the control group by 4.5 mm Hg at 6 months (95% CI, −9.0 to −0.1 mm Hg) in prespecified analyses. Plausible mechanisms with evidence to be impacted by MB‐BP versus control were sedentary activity (−350.8 sitting min/wk [95% CI, −636.5 to −65.1] sitting min/wk), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet (0.32 score [95% CI, −0.04 to 0.67]), and mindfulness (7.3 score [95% CI, 3.0–11.6]).

Conclusions
A mindfulness‐based program adapted for individuals with elevated BP showed clinically relevant reductions in systolic BP compared with enhanced usual care. Mindfulness training may be a useful approach to improve BP.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifiers: NCT03256890 and NCT03859076.
Sociodemographic Factors, Policy Satisfaction, Perceived Character: What Factors Explain President Duterte’s Popularity?
Authors: Ducanes Geoffrey M. , Rood Steven , Tigno Jorge 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The persistently high satisfaction ratings of President Rodrigo Duterte, despite various perceived policy missteps and in contrast to the pattern for previous Presidents, have puzzled pundits and scholars alike. Using three waves of the Social Weather Stations’ Social Weather Surveys, this article examines the extent to which sociodemographic factors, policy satisfaction, and perceptions of the character of the President could explain this ‘puzzle’. The three survey waves correspond to the beginning of President Duterte’s term, the period when he obtained his lowest net satisfaction rating, and the most recent available data at the time of this study. The study finds that sociodemographic factors, policy satisfaction, and perception of the President’s character all contribute to explaining his high satisfaction rating. Based on the most recent survey examined, perception of the President’s character appears to be the most important for distinguishing those who are satisfied from those who are dissatisfied with the President.
How Selected Pro-Duterte Facebook Pages Framed the ABS-CBN Shutdown Issue: A Discussion on Epistemic Discrediting in Echo Chambers
Authors: Divinagracia Anthony Andrew G. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article looks into the discursive frames employed by selected pro-Duterte pages on Facebook that tackled the ABS-CBN shutdown and franchise denial issues in 2020. The legal frames were mostly derived from the findings of the lawmakers’ technical working group (TWG). The political frames, meanwhile, include ABS-CBN’s alleged biased reporting, the victory-over-oligarchs narrative pushed by the Duterte administration and other related pronouncements. The article identifies these frames as reinforcing layers to fortify the echo chamber behavior of pro-Duterte pages through an attack-amplify-attract stratagem. C. Thi Nguyen’s study resembling echo chambers anchored on “epistemic discrediting” was operationalized for this purpose. Data from the selected pro-Duterte pages were mined using the timeline feature of Crowd Tangle as the official social listening tool of Facebook. The article also explored the impact of pro-Duterte pages on ABS-CBN’s stature as a legacy media giant and on the Duterte presidency as a social media-driven administration.
Summoned Letters, the Disjointed Letters and the Talisman of Ibn ʿArabī
Authors: Rašić Dunja 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Twenty-nine chapters (sūras) of the Qur’an begin with the disjointed letters (al-ḥurūf al-muqaṭṭaʿāt). These fourteen letters of the Arabic alphabet thus became known as the “openers of the chapters” (fawātiḥ aṣ-ṣuwar). This paper focuses on Ibn ʿArabī’s writings on three disjointed letters, namely, ʾalif-lām-mīm, as well as their meaning, and the power and the talisman he associated with them. This talisman was meant to capture the power of the disjointed letters, so that a spiritual Seeker could reach the totality of knowledge and unity with God.
Serum cortisol assay performance following the 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test
Authors: Atkins Jonathan S , Hawley James M , Owen Laura J , Clayton Jonathan , Scargill Jonathan , Keevil Brian G 
Published: May 2023

Background The 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test (ONDST) is recommended for the differential diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome and the investigation of adrenal incidentalomas. Despite documented variation in serum cortisol immunoassay performance, little has been published regarding its effect on the ONDST. Aims Assess the performance of three immunoassay platforms (Roche Elecsys II, Abbott Alinity & Siemens Centaur) when compared to a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Methods Samples ( n = 77) sent to the laboratory as part of an ONDST were retrieved prior to disposal, anonymized, and analysed on all platforms. Samples with factors impacting immunoassay analysis quality were excluded. Results were statistically compared to an LC-MS/MS method that previously demonstrated excellent comparability to a candidate reference method. Results The Roche gen II showed a mean bias of −2.4 nmol/L and a Passing–Bablok fit of y = −0.9 + 0.97x. This was not affected by sex. The Abbott showed a mean bias −18.8 nmol/L, and a fit of y = −11.3 + 0.88x. This bias was −20.7 nmol/L in females versus −17.2 nmol/L in males. The Siemens had a mean bias of 2.3 nmol/L and a fit of y = 1.4 + 1.07x. This bias was 5.7 nmol/L in males versus −1.0 nmol/L in females. Conclusions Clinicians should be aware of the method-dependent variation that exists within serum cortisol analysis during the ONDSTs. Roche and Siemens aligned more closely with LC-MS/MS while the Abbot may cause a reduction in ONDST sensitivity. This data supports assay-specific cut-offs for the ONDST.
The revolving door phenomenon in severe psychiatric disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Fonseca Barbosa Joana , Gama Marques João 
Published: May 2023

Background: The treatment of psychiatric patients has suffered a major change over the last decades, with long-term hospitalizations being replaced by short-term stays and appropriate aftercare in outpatient services. Some chronically ill patients exhibit a pattern of multiple hospitalizations, designated as the Revolving Door (RD) phenomenon. Aims: This review aims to analyse the existing literature regarding sociodemographic, clinical and other factors associated with multiple hospitalizations in psychiatric facilities. Method: The search performed in the PubMed database for the terms revolving[Title] AND (psyc*[Title] OR schizo*[Title] OR mental[Title]) presented 30 citations, 8 of which met the eligibility criteria. Four other studies found in references of these articles were also included in the review. Results: Albeit the use of different criteria to define the RD phenomenon, it is more likely to be associated with patients who are younger, single, with low educational level, unemployed, diagnosed with a psychotic disorder, particularly schizophrenia, and with alcohol and/or substance use. It is also associated with a younger age on disease onset, suicidality, noncompliance and voluntary type of admission. Conclusion: Recognizing patients with a RD pattern of admissions and prediction of rehospitalization can help the development of preventive intervention strategies and identify potential limitations in existing health care delivery systems.
Food Insecurity During the First Year of COVID-19: Employment and Sociodemographic Factors Among Participants in the CHASING COVID Cohort Study
Authors: Ng Yvette , Chang Mindy , Robertson McKaylee , Grov Christian , Maroko Andrew , Zimba Rebecca , Westmoreland Drew , Rane Madhura , Mirzayi Chloe , Parcesepe Angela M. , Kulkarni Sarah , Salgado-You William , Cohen Nevin , Nash Denis 
Published: May 2023

Objective: While much has been reported about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food insecurity, longitudinal data and the variability experienced by people working in various industries are limited. This study aims to further characterize people experiencing food insecurity during the pandemic in terms of employment, sociodemographic characteristics, and degree of food insecurity. Methods: The study sample consisted of people enrolled in the Communities, Households and SARS-CoV-2 Epidemiology (CHASING) COVID Cohort Study from visit 1 (April–July 2020) through visit 7 (May–June 2021). We created weights to account for participants with incomplete or missing data. We used descriptive statistics and logistic regression models to determine employment and sociodemographic correlates of food insecurity. We also examined patterns of food insecurity and use of food support programs. Results: Of 6740 participants, 39.6% (n = 2670) were food insecure. Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic (vs non-Hispanic White) participants, participants in households with children (vs no children), and participants with lower (vs higher) income and education levels had higher odds of food insecurity. By industry, people employed in construction, leisure and hospitality, and trade, transportation, and utilities industries had the highest prevalence of both food insecurity and income loss. Among participants reporting food insecurity, 42.0% (1122 of 2670) were persistently food insecure (≥4 consecutive visits) and 43.9% (1172 of 2670) did not use any food support programs. Conclusions: The pandemic resulted in widespread food insecurity in our cohort, much of which was persistent. In addition to addressing sociodemographic disparities, future policies should focus on the needs of those working in industries vulnerable to economic disruption and ensure those experiencing food insecurity can access food support programs for which they are eligible.
The role of D-dimer and fibrinogen testing in catheter-directed thrombolysis with urokinase for deep venous thrombosis
Authors: Liu Qiang , Chen Liang , Wang Zhengyu , Peng Zhiqing , Chen Wei , Pan Yucheng , Wang Yongli , Sha Yan 
Published: May 2023

Background During catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT), D-dimer (D-D) are generated in large quantities and fibrinogen (FIB) is continuously consumed. Reduction of FIB increases the risk of bleeding. However, there are currently few studies on the relationship between D-D and FIB concentrations during CDT. Objectives To evaluate the relationship of D-D and FIB concentrations during CDT with urokinase for deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Method 17 patients with lower limb DVT were enrolled and treated with CDT. The concentrations of plasma D-D and FIB were measured every 8 h during thrombolysis. The degree of thrombolysis was evaluated, the change rules of D-D and FIB concentrations were analyzed, and the change curve graphs were drawn. The “thrombus volume,” “thrombolysis time,” “thrombolysis ratio,” “D-D peak,” “D-D rising speed,” “FIB falling speed,” and “duration of D-D elevation” were calculated in each patient. The mixed model was used to simulate the time change trend of the plasma D-D and FIB concentrations. Pearson method and linear regression were used to analyze the correlation and linear relationship, respectively. Results The D-D concentration first increased rapidly and then decreased gradually, and the FIB concentration continued to decrease during thrombolysis. The rate of the decline of FIB varies with the urokinase dose. The thrombus volume is positively correlated with D-D rising speed, duration of D-D elevation, D-D peak, and FIB falling speed; the D-D rising speed is positively correlated with the D-D peak and FIB falling speed; and the D-D peak is positively correlated with the FIB falling speed. The correlation coefficients were all statistically significant ( p < 0.05). Efficacy reached level I–II in 76.5% patients. No major bleeding occurred in any of the patients. Conclusion During CDT with urokinase for DVT, the concentrations of D-D and FIB show specific changes, and there are some specific relationships between each other. Understanding these changes and relationships may be helpful to adjust the thrombolysis time and urokinase dose more rationally.
External validation of the Oakland score to assess safe hospital discharge among adult patients with acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding in an accident and emergency department in Hong Kong
Authors: Fong Ho Yin 
Published: May 2023

Objective: To externally validate the use of the Oakland score in identification of low-risk lower gastrointestinal bleeding patients who can be safely managed without hospitalisation in an accident and emergency department in Hong Kong. Methods: This single-centre retrospective cohort study included adult patients who attended the accident and emergency department for lower gastrointestinal bleeding and were subsequently admitted to hospital from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020. Safe discharge was defined as absence of all of the following adverse outcomes after hospital presentation: blood transfusion; therapeutic colonoscopy, mesenteric embolisation, or laparotomy for bleeding; in-hospital death (all causes); and readmission with subsequent lower gastrointestinal bleeding within 28 days. The sensitivities, specificities and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of the Oakland score were calculated. Results: Among 376 patients who were included in this study, 114 (30.3%) of them experienced one or more adverse outcomes. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for safe discharge was 0.88 (95% confidence interval, 0.84–0.91). Using an Oakland score threshold of ⩽8 points as in the original derivation study can achieve 100% sensitivity (95% confidence interval, 96.8%–100%) and 7.3% specificity (95% confidence interval, 4.4%–11.1%) for safe discharge. When the Oakland score threshold was extended to ⩽11 points, a much greater proportion of low-risk patients could be identified, with 97.4% sensitivity (95% confidence interval, 92.5%–99.5%) and 32.8% specificity (95% confidence interval, 27.2%–38.9%) for safe discharge. Conclusion: The Oakland score performed well in identification of lower gastrointestinal bleeding patients who were at low risk of experiencing adverse outcomes and could thus be safely managed without hospitalisation. Extension of the Oakland score threshold to ⩽11 points can allow identification of a greater proportion of low-risk patients while sensitivity is reasonably maintained.
Patient Identification and Tumor Identification Management: Quality Program in a Cancer Multicentric Clinical Data Warehouse
Authors: Pallier Karine , Prot Olivier , Naldi Simone , Silva Francisco , Denis Thierry , Giry Olivier , Leobon Sophie , Deluche Elise , Tubiana-Mathieu Nicole 
Published: May 2023

Background: The Regional Basis of Solid Tumor (RBST), a clinical data warehouse, centralizes information related to cancer patient care in 5 health establishments in 2 French departments. Purpose: To develop algorithms matching heterogeneous data to “real” patients and “real” tumors with respect to patient identification (PI) and tumor identification (TI). Methods: A graph database programed in java Neo4j was used to build the RBST with data from ~20 000 patients. The PI algorithm using the Levenshtein distance was based on the regulatory criteria identifying a patient. A TI algorithm was built on 6 characteristics: tumor location and laterality, date of diagnosis, histology, primary and metastatic status. Given the heterogeneous nature and semantics of the collected data, the creation of repositories (organ, synonym, and histology repositories) was required. The TI algorithm used the Dice coefficient to match tumors. Results: Patients matched if there was complete agreement of the given name, surname, sex, and date/month/year of birth. These parameters were assigned weights of 28%, 28%, 21%, and 23% (with 18% for year, 2.5% for month, and 2.5% for day), respectively. The algorithm had a sensitivity of 99.69% (95% confidence interval [CI] [98.89%, 99.96%]) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI [99.72%, 100%]). The TI algorithm used repositories, weights were assigned to the diagnosis date and associated organ (37.5% and 37.5%, respectively), laterality (16%) histology (5%), and metastatic status (4%). This algorithm had a sensitivity of 71% (95% CI [62.68%, 78.25%]) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI [94.31%, 100%]). Conclusion: The RBST encompasses 2 quality controls: PI and TI. It facilitates the implementation of transversal structuring and assessments of the performance of the provided care.