bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishment and validation of acute myocardial injury model in mice with hypobaric hypoxia at extreme altitude
Authors: Sun Linao , Li Shicong , Yue Haoran , Wang Jianyao , Yu Yao , Zhang Jie , Zhang Peng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective: To establish a novel mouse model of acute myocardial injury induced by hypobaric hypoxia and improve the relevant evaluation system.
Methods: Using the plateau simulator made by our institute (which has e Chinese invention patent, patent number: ZL 2021 1 1517241. X), Babl/c mice were continuously exposed to the extreme altitude, low pressure and hypoxia environment for 0h-216h. PET/CT was used to evaluate the metabolic function of myocardial cells in mice by injecting 18F-FDG in vivo. the changes of cardiac function and morphology was observed in mice by cardiac ultrasound. FITC-BSA was injected into the tail vein to verify the leakage function of blood vessels in the heart tissue of mice. HE staining, Masson staining, CD163 and CD34 immunohistochemical staining get used to verify the degree of myocardial injury, fibrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and angiogenesis in mice.
Results: The myocardial metabolic function of Babl/c mice in hypobaric hypoxia environment was enhanced at the early stage of exposure, and then gradually weakened. With the extension of time, the heart rate gradually accelerated, the myocardial morphology changed significantly, the myocardial pathological changes and damage gradually increased, the role of vascular leakage gradually increased, the infiltration of inflammatory cells increased, and the myocardial fibrosis increased significantly.
Laparoscopic versus open inguinal hernia repair in aging patients: A propensity score matching-based retrospective study
Authors: Xu Zipeng , Zhao Yong , Fu Xu , Hu Weidong , Zhao Chunlong , Ge Chen , Ye Hui , Chen Chaobo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective: Although laparoscopic repair has been widely carried out and promoted due to its minimally invasive advantages, open surgery is still popularly compared to elderly patients. This study aims to compare the outcomes of laparoscopic (LIHR) vs. open repair of inguinal hernias (OIHR) in elderly patients.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of the database was performed to identify elderly patients, from January 2021 through December 2022, who underwent surgery for an inguinal hernia. After a 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) with a caliper of 0.1 was conducted to balance potential bias, binary logistic regressions were used for categorical and continuous outcomes.
Results: After PSM, 78 pairs of elderly patients were enrolled in this study, and there were no significant differences in baseline between LIHR and OIHRgroups. Compared to OIHR, univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that LIHR was independently affected for reducing intraoperative hemorrhage (OR=0.06, 95%CI: 0.02-0.18, P <0.001) and shortening postoperative hospitalization time (OR=0.29, 95%CI: 0.15-0.57, P <0.001) in elderly patients. Furthermore, LIHR (OR=0.28, 95%CI: 0.14-0.57, P <0.001) and age (OR=0.89, 95%CI: 0.82-0.96, P=0.002) were independent affecting factors forrelieving postoperative pain. While, no obvious differences were detected in postoperative complications [LIHR 7.7% (6/78) vs OIHR 14.1%(11/78)，P=0.199].
Conclusions: LIHRwas closely associated with reducing intraoperative hemorrhage and shortening postoperative hospitalization time. Whilst LIHR and age were independently affectingfactors for relieving postoperative pain.
Risk Factors of Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis in Patients with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: An Analysis Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Lee Chae Yoon , Park Jung Min , Yeom Myeong In 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The study examines the correlation between internal carotid artery(ICA) stenosis and retinal parameters in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR). The objective is to determine potential links between the degree of ICA stenosis and various retinal parameters, providing insight into associated risk factors.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 68 patients (136 eyes) diagnosed with bilateral proliferative diabetic retinopathy between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2021. We assessed the presence and severity of carotid artery stenosis using neck CTA and CDUS, and classified the degree of ICA stenosis into a four-grade system based on the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial(NASCET) criteria by CTA and a grayscale panel determined by CDUS. To simplify the analysis, we categorized the degree of stenosis into two groups: group 1 corresponds to stenosis at the normal level, while group 2 includes stenosis at or above the mild level. We then performed OCT and OCTA to examine SFCT, RNFL thickness, GCIPL thickness, VD, and FAZ area in each group. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the correlation between the degree of carotid artery stenosis and various retinal parameters. Specifically, we compared the retinal parameters between group 1 and group 2 using appropriate statistical tests. The p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
The mean age of this study patients were 62.55 years. Among them, significant differences were observed between group 1 and 2 in terms of total VD (13.73 ± 3.21, 11.53 ± 3.37, respectively; p = 0.003), FAZ area (0.53 ± 0.62, 0.56 ± 0.84, respectively; p = 0.002), total RNFL thickness (97.87 ± 5.542, 95.04 ± 4.10, respectively; p = 0.013) and temporal RNFL thickness (82.46 ± 27.74, 71.75 ± 20.18, respectively; p = 0.019). RNFL thickness showed statistically significant thinning in group 2 with severe degree of ICA stenosis, decreasing to 71.75 ± 20.19 µm (p = 0.019). Apart from age, there were notable distinctions observed in hyperlipidemia and total cholesterol levels, as well as in IOP measurements. Specifically, the IOP values exhibited significant variations (61.5 ± 10.58 vs. 66.7 ± 7.52, p = 0.003), (15.20% vs. 50%, p = 0.002), (224.97 ± 151.64 vs. 164.41 ± 115.62, p = 0.019), (15.78 ± 7.08 vs. 14.2 ± 2.62, p = 0.042). In contrast, no significant differences were found between group 1 and group 2 in terms of SFCT, central VD, average GCIPL and thickness of the superior, nasal, and inferior RNFL.
Conclusions
The study findings highlight retinal changes, such as an increased FAZ area, decreased total VD, and a total and thinner temporal RNFL, which suggest the need for carotid artery evaluation in patients. These findings have important clinical implications for the need for carotid work up in pateints with PDR.
Simulation and Experimental Study on Active Flow Control Strategy for a Compressor Cascade with Coanda Jet Flap
Authors: Yue Kai , Zhang Yiming , Zhang Jian , Zhang Hui , Zhang Min , Du Juan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The flow separation caused by the increase in load on aero-engine compressors often results in flow separation, leading to decreased flow stability and increased flow loss. This paper investigates active flow control strategies based on a highly-loaded compressor cascade with Coanda jet flaps to effectively suppress flow separation and decrease aerodynamic losses of aero-engine compressors. To analyse the influence of the jet on aerodynamic performance, three-dimensional unsteady computational fluid dynamics simulations are conducted. The dynamic characteristic model of the controlled object is established using the time-delay neural network (TDNN) method based on time-domain data obtained from wind tunnel experiments. Three control strategies, including adaptive radial basis function (ADA-RBF) neural network control, PID control, and RBF-PID control strategies, are designed to achieve a fast-response and adaptive control effect. Simulation results demonstrate that RBF-PID control achieves faster convergence speeds than conventional PID control. Given that the adaptive RBF neural network control method, provides both faster convergence speed and more accurate initial jet flow rates, corresponding experimental studies are carried out to validate the proposed approach. The findings demonstrate that ADA-RBF neural network control can effectively inhibit flow separation, even with continuously changing inflow velocity and pressure in the wind tunnel. The total pressure loss coefficient is decreased by 6.13% and 7.87% at Mach numbers of 0.4 and 0.6, respectively.
From Voxels to Prognosis: AI-Driven Quantitative Chest CT Analysis Forecasts ICU Requirements in 78 COVID-19 Cases
Authors: Bumm Rudolf , Zaffino Paolo , Lasso Andras , Estépar Raúl San José , Pieper Steven , Wasserthal Jakob , Spadea Maria Francesca , Latshang Tsogyal , Kawel-Böhm Nadine , Wäckerlin Adrian , Werner Raphael , Hässig Gabriela , Furrer Markus , Kikinis Ron 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: The current study aimed to investigate the distribution and extent of lung involvement in patients with COVID-19, assess the relationship between lung involvement and the need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission and compare the performance of computer analysis with the judgment of radiological experts.
Methods: A total of 81 patients from an open-source COVID database with confirmed COVID-19 infection were included in the study. Three patients were excluded. Lung involvement was assessed in 78 patients using computed tomography (CT) scans, and the extent of infiltration and collapse was quantified across various lung lobes and regions. The associations between lung involvement and ICU admission were analyzed. Additionally, the computer analysis of COVID-19 involvement was compared against the expert rating provided by a radiological expert.
Results: The results showed a higher degree of infiltration and collapse in the left lower lobe compared to the upper lobe (p < 0.05) and a similar pattern in the right lower lobes (p < 0.05). No significant difference was detected in the COVID-19-related involvement of the left and right lower lobes. The right middle lobes demonstrated lower involvement compared to the right lower lobes (p < 0.05). When examining the regions, no significant difference in COVID-19 involvement was found when comparing the anterior and posterior lungs. The middle third displayed greater COVID-19 involvement than the upper and lower thirds. Patients requiring ICU admission during their inpatient treatment exhibited significantly higher COVID-19 involvement in their lung parenchyma according to computer analysis, compared to patients who remained in general wards. Patients with more than 40% COVID-19 involvement were almost exclusively treated in intensive care. A high correlation was observed between computer detection of COVID-19 affections and expert rating by radiological experts.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that the extent of lung involvement, particularly in the lower lobes and middle third, may be associated with the need for ICU admission in patients with COVID-19. Computer analysis showed a high correlation with expert rating, highlighting its potential utility in clinical settings for assessing lung involvement. This information may help guide clinical decision-making and resource allocation during ongoing or future pandemics. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to validate these findings.
Comparison of pediatric lens dose measurements between axial and helical scan modes using a 160-mm volume computed tomography scanners.
Authors: Masuda Takanori , Kiguchi Masao , Fujioka Chikako , Oku Takayuki , Ishibashi Toru , Yoshitake Takayasu , Awai Kazuo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the scatter dose for lenses between a helical scan with a 40-mm detector width and an axial scan with a 160-mm detector width when using different computed tomography (CT) scanners in pediatric chest CT examinations.
Methods
Two CT devices, Revolution CT and Aquilion ONE, and three pediatric anthropomorphic phantoms were used, with optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs) placed on the left and right lenses. The measured scatter dose values of the OSLD were compared between the helical scan with the 40-mm detector width and axial scan with the 160-mm detector width in the different phantoms during the pediatric chest CT examinations.
Results
With the Revolution CT, no significant differences in the scatter doses between the 40-mm detector width for the helical scan and 160-mm detector width for the axial scan in the newborn and 1-year-old phantoms were observed. However, the lens scatter dose for the helical scan with the 40-mm detector width was approximately 20% higher than that for the axial scan with the 160-mm detector width in the 5-year-old phantom (p < 0.01). With the Aquilion ONE, the lenses scatter dose for the 40-mm detector width for the helical scan was approximately 70%, 40%, and 30% higher in newborn, 1-year-old, and 5-year-old phantoms, respectively, than that for the 160-mm detector width for the axial scan (p < 0.01).
Conclusions
The lenses scatter doses for the 40-mm detector width for the helical scan was higher in all phantoms than that for the 160-mm detector width for the axial scan.
Nuclei Segmentation in Hematoxylin &amp; Eosin- stained Tissue Images Using U-Net-based Models
Authors: Jafari Seyed Amin Seyed , Shabani Hasti , Lashgari Reza 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Digital pathology is a rapidly evolving field that seeks to automate workflows to provide clinically relevant information. Automated segmentation algorithms aid in providing quantitative features, such as size and shape of the nuclei, essential in diagnosing diseases. These algorithms’ accuracy is critical for generating reliable results with minimal user intervention while significantly reducing the time required to analyze tissue samples. Deep learning-based methods have become popular for their superior performance in segmentation tasks. We propose a nuclei segmentation technique using a U-Net-based model in this work. A U-Net-based model was given two decoder units, one for binary mask prediction and another for ternary mask prediction, and a pre-trained VGG-19 to be used as the encoder. The final instance segmentation masks are then created using a watershed algorithm based on the nuclear markers extracted from ternary masks. We perform this technique using U-Net and its more recent variants, such as U-Net ++, U-Net 3+, and Double U-Net, to compare their performances. Experimental results on the publicly available MoNuSeg dataset show that the proposed method using the Double U-Net model achieves an average aggregate Jaccard index of 67.61%, outperforming several state-of-the-art algorithms applied on the same dataset.
Comparative Pharmacokinetic Studies on Ginsenosides in the Normal and Ultrafine Granular Powder of Panax ginseng by Using UHPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Teng Yaran , Li Qingqing , Ge Meng , Huang Rensong , Li Hui , Jiao Lili , Wu Wei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Pharmacokinetic Studies on 5 major ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd and Re) in the normal and ultrafine pulverization of Panax ginseng were compared in rats. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) method was established for analyzing 5 ginsenosides of Panax ginseng ultrafine granular powder (UGP; D90 < 45µm) and common powder (CP; 150–250µm). A Syncronls C18 column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 µm) was used in this experiment with a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min at 35°C by linear gradient elution using acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid. The identification and quantification of ginsenosides were performed in a multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) tandem mass system with electrospray ionization (ESI) source in the negative ionization mode. This method was applied to quantitative analysis of ginsenosides of UGP and CP in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro dissolution characteristics of UGP and CP were investigated, and Then the pharmacokinetic differences of the above 5 ginsenosides in rats plasma after oral administration of UGP and CP were simultaneously studied. Dioscin was selected as the internal standard. The dissolution amount of UGP and CP in vitro was measured and the dissolution curve was drawn. Through the pharmacokinetic parameters, including Cmax, Tmax, AUC (0-t), etc., the relative bioavailability of the target ginsenosides in these two preparations was determined. The results show that ginseng UGP has higher relative bioavailability than CP, and there were significant differences between the pharmacokinetic parameters after oral administration of UGP and CP. The present study provides scientific information for further exploration of the pharmacology of ginseng and offers a reference for clinical administration of ginseng UGP.
CO2 splitting in a micro DBD reactor with an electrode containing charge injector parts
Authors: Khunda Deema , Li Sirui , Cherkasov Nikolay , Chaffee Alan , Rebrov Evgeny V. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The CO splitting reaction has been investigated in a plate-to-plate micro DBD reactor with a high voltage electrode having pyramid charge injection points. The presence of sharp points (pyramids) creates zones with enhanced electric field around them. The minimum discharge voltage in the pyramid micro DBD reactor reduced from 6.5 to 5.2 kV (peak-to-peak). At the same time, the CO2 conversion increased 1.5 times as compared to that in the reactor with a flat electrode. Lowering the discharge gap from 0.50 to 0.25 mm resulted in more intense microdischarges, further increasing CO2 conversion by 1.3 times. At the same time, the energy efficiency increased further by 1.3 times. There exists an optimum residence time of 0.5 ms as a result of an interplay between plasma contact time and flow non-uniformity. The highest energy efficiency of 20% was obtained at a 3 W power, achieving a CO2 conversion of 16%.
Characterizing Intimate Partner Violence against Married Women in Ethiopia with Machine Learning
Authors: Mengesha Alexander Takele , Abuhay Tesfamariam M , Mamuye Adane 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is the most common form of violence against women worldwide, perpetrated mostly by intimate partners (men) against women. According to the 2020 United Nations report, 47000 women were killed by their intimate partners or other family members globally. IPV can be categorized as physical, psychological, or sexual violence which may cause a serious and sometimes fatal occurrence.
Objective
The main goal of this study is to characterize IPV against married women in Ethiopia by developing a machine learning model to 1) predict types of IPV, 2) identify risk factors of IPV, and 3) extract relevant rules for evidence-based strategy and policy formulation to prevent, reduce and control IPV against married women in Ethiopia.
Methods
The study was conducted following an experimental research approach. The data were gathered from the Ethiopian demographic health survey and preprocessed to make it suitable for the machine learning algorithm. Extreme gradient boosting, Cat boost, Random Forest, and Light GBM with one versus rest class decomposition were employed to develop an IPV prediction model. For building the proposed model a total of 31110 instances with 22 features, and 80/20 training and testing dataset split ratio were used.
Result
Performance evaluation metrics were used to choose the best-performing algorithm. The overall accuracy of extreme gradient boosting, Cat boost, RF, and Light GBM is 92.57%, 94.39%, 92.94%, and 90.30%, respectively. Feature importance analysis was implemented to identify risk factors of IVP again married women in Ethiopia.
Conclusion
Cat boost algorithms registered the highest performance with 94.39% accuracy. The most determinant risk factors of intimate partner violence against married women in Ethiopia are women’s household empowerment status, working status, place of residence, first marriage decision, and husband's education level, to mention a few. Relevant rules that may support evidence-driven strategies and policies to prevent, reduce and control IPV against married women in Ethiopia were also extracted from the best performing algorithm.
Optical Measurement of Paper Moisture Content with Application in Paper Pressing
Authors: Hezaveh Hooman Mahdavi , STOEBER BORIS , GREEN SHELDON 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We present a novel non-contact method for measuring the moisture content of paper. In the method, paper is illuminated obliquely by light from an IR LED, and the light reflected from the paper is imaged by a short-wave infrared (SWIR) camera. Owing to the high absorptivity of liquid water to light in the 1400-1500 nm wavelength range, the intensity of light reflected off the paper diminishes sharply with increasing moisture content. We show that for a variety of paper samples (Whatman paper, NBSK, NBHK, tissue paper) and moisture contents of up to 200%, there is a monotonic relationship between reflectivity and moisture content. This relationship is independent of the wood species used to make the paper, but does differ between wood-based papers and cotton-based papers. As this method applies an optical camera, the spatio-temporal distribution of moisture content in paper can be measured. The method was validated by separately measuring moisture content in paper gravimetrically for both uniform and non-uniform moisture distributions. The value of this measurement technique was demonstrated by measuring the moisture distribution in paper during a simulated pressing operation.
Disparities in Out-Of-Pocket Expenditures among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Decomposition Analysis of Inequality
Authors: Ahmadabad Ahmad Dehghani , Hosseini_Shokouh SayyedMorteza , mehdizadeh Parisa , Meskarpour-Amiri Mohammad 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background and Aim: Little is known about the extent of inequality in OOP expenditures among COVID-19 patients and the factors contributing to it. This study aimed to examine the inequality in OOP expenditures among hospitalized COVID-19 patients and identify associated factors.
Methods: The study employed the Gini coefficient as the primary measure of inequality in OOP expenditures among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The analysis was conducted using Stata 16 software, supplemented by the Distributive Analysis Stata Package (DASP) extension. The Gini coefficient was calculated using these tools to quantify the degree of inequality and visualize it through graphs. To examine the Gini coefficient across population subgroups, the DASP extension, specifically the diginig module, was utilized.
Results: The analysis of the Lorenz curve and the calculated Gini coefficient (0.69) confirmed the existence of inequality in OOP expenditures among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in this study. Furthermore, the examination of inequality across population subgroups revealed that the status and type of insurance coverage significantly contributed to the observed disparities in OOP expenditures among COVID-19 patients. However, the impact of other factors on inequality in OOP expenditures was found to be less prominent.
Conclusion: The significant disparities observed in OOP expenditures, particularly related to the status and type of insurance coverage, emphasize the need for targeted interventions and programs aimed at reducing inequality in healthcare costs. Implementing initiatives to minimize financial burdens and promote equitable access to healthcare services can contribute to improved healthcare outcomes and alleviate the economic strain on patients.