bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probleme der Interaktion zwischen Phytohormonen
Authors: Bopp Martin 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungGleichzeitig applizierte Phytohormone können in zweierlei Weise auf das Pflanzengewebe wirken, entweder vollständig unabhängig oder so, daß beide Hormone in eine Wechselwirkung treten. Dabei gibt es neben der biochemischen Interaktion, bei der zwei Hormone am selben Molekül (z.B. ein Rezeptor) angreifen, zahlreiche andere Formen der Wechselwirkung, die als “physiologische Interaktionen” zusammengefaßt werden sollen. Darunter wird verstanden, daß ein Hormon die Reaktion oder die Verfügbarkeit eines anderen Hormons verändert oder daß die zellulären Mechanismen, durch die ein Hormon wirken kann, durch ein zweites Hormon beeinflußt werden. Die wichtigsten Möglichkeiten physiologischer Interaktionen sind Beeinflussung der Hormonsynthese durch ein zweites Hormon, Änderung des Abbaus eines Hormons, Einfluß auf die Kompartimentierung, Veränderung des Hormontransports, Änderung der Hormonaufnahme in eine Zelle, Regulation der Hormon‐Rezeptor‐Affinität und schließlich Schaffung von Targetzellen für ein Hormon durch ein anderes (sequentielle Interaktion).
Einfluß von Tageslänge und Beleuchtungsstärke auf den Generationswechsel bei Batrachospermum moniliforme1
Authors: Huth Klaus 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungBatrachospermum moniliforme wurde bei Tageslängen von 8 bis 16 Stunden und Beleuchtungsstärken von 500 bis 1500 Lux kultiviert.Bei Lichtzeiten von 8 bis 12 Stunden entstehen nur Pseudo‐Chantransien.Die kritische Tageslänge beträgt 14 Stunden. Hier werden bei Beleuchtungsstärken unter 750 Lux ebenfalls nur Pseudo‐Chantransien, oberhalb dieser Grenze aber schon in geringem Umfang Gametophyten ausgebildet.Bei 16 Stunden Tag sind nach 90 Tagen auf rund 40% der Sporophyten Gametophyten entstanden.Die Versuche wurden bei konstant 15 C durchgeführt. Ein Wechsel von 6 C auf 15 C im Kurztag (10/14 Stunden LDW) bewirkt keine Gametophytenbildung.
Extraflorale Nektarien bei Cuscuta
Authors: Schaffner Gotthold 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungCuscuta reflexa und C. japonica produzieren auf geeigneten Wirten erhebliche Mengen von Nektar, der zum überwiegenden Teil aus Saccharose und in geringerem Maße aus Monosacchariden und Aminosäuren besteht. Der Nektar wird durch die Pori der modifizierten Spaltöffnungen ausgepreßt, deren Öffnungsweite wahrscheinlich nicht variiert werden kann. Das Interzellularen‐system reicht von der Spaltöffnung bis in die unmittelbare Nähe des Leitbündels, so daß ein passives Auspressen des Nektars angenommen wird. Der Feinbau der Nektarienzellen wird unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Plastiden beschrieben.
The Strasburger Cells — Equivalents of Compagnion Cells
Authors: Sauter Jörg J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Strasburger cells in the phloem rays of pine and larch show most prominent structural and physiological differences from ordinary ray parenchyma cells. Besides their particular one‐sided sieve areas connecting them with the sieve cells, it is the absence of starch, the relative density in protoplast, and their premature death which makes these cells resemble true compagnion cells. Density in protoplast is primarily due to the missing of large vacuoles and the presence of numerous mitochondria while the ribosome population is not visibly increased. Strasburger cells in contact with mature sieve cells are distinguished by additional peculiarities, i.e. the highly elevated activity of mitochondrial enzymes and of acid phosphatases, the extraordinary prevalence of polysomes, the augmentation of nuclear surface and of the amount of decondensed chromatin, and by the increased nuclear RNA content, that all suggest an essentially increased metabolic activity of these cells. In DNA content, however, no significant difference is found from other ray cells. As these peculiar characteristics are not seen in Strasburger cells bordering immature sieve cells, they are taken to be not only of functional significance but to assure also the peculiar role Strasburger cells contiguous with mature sieve cells are playing in loading/unloading of sieve elements and/or in the sustaining of their metabolism.
Effects of Plant Hormones on Phloem Transport in Grapevines
Authors: Düring Hellmut , Alleweldt G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe translocation of assimilates in grapevines, their nature and pathways as well as the possible role of hormones in the translocation processes are summarized in the light of the source‐sink‐relationship between vegetative growth and berry development.
Der Anionenmetabolismus in stärkehaltigen und stärkefreien Schliefbzellprotoplasten
Authors: Schnabl Heide 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungMit isolierten und gereinigten stärkehaltigen (Vicia faba) und stärkefreien (Allium cepa) Schließzellprotoplasten wurde der Anionenmetabolismus in Abhängigkeit von der Volumenregulation der Protoplasten untersucht. Es wurden die Korrelation von Malatsynthese und dem Anschwellen in stärkehaltigen sowie der Blockierung dieser Korrelation in stärkefreien Schließzellprotoplasten gezeigt.Die Untersuchung der CO2‐Fixierung und des Stärkemetabolismus ergab, daß die Licht‐unabhängige und schnelle Stärkeakkumulation in den Protoplasten von Vicia auf eine CO2‐Fixierung durch die PEP‐Carboxylase zurückzuführen ist, wobei das entstandene Malat auf dem Weg der Gluconeogenese zur Stärke umgewandelt werden dürfte.Die schnelle, K+‐induzierte Volumenzunahme der Schließzellprotoplasten, die von einer Malatsynthese und einem Stärkeabbau begleitet ist, weist auf ein enges Stärke‐Malat‐Gleichgewicht hin. Umgekehrt werden nach Reduzierung der Kationenkonzentration ein Anschwellen der Protoplasten (Vicia) und somit eine Stärkemobilisierung zum Malat verhindert.Ein Modell wurde aufgestellt, um einen Beitrag zur Klärung der Rolle des Malats und den Ort seiner Synthese in den stärkehaltigen und stärkefreien Schließzellprotoplasten zu liefern.
Quantitative Unterschiede des Gefäß‐Hydrosystems und seiner accessorischen Gewebe in Wurzeln und Stämmen von Bäumen, Beispiel Populus
Authors: Braun Helmut J. 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung1. Untersucht wurden die quantitativen Unterschiede des Gefäß‐Hydrosystems und seiner accessorischen Gewebe in Wurzeln und Stamm, Beispiel Populus.2. Das Gefäß‐Hydrosystem und seine accessorischen Gewebe sind in den Wurzeln quantitativ wesentlich stärker ausgebildet als im Stamm.3. Das Wurzelwerk erweist sich als Wasserspeicher, aus dem der Wasserverlust durch die Transpiration zunachst ersetzt wird, bevor der Transpirationssog auf die Saugwurzeln durchschlagt.4. Das Wurzelwerk ist der Hauptort für das Zustandekommen der osmotischen Wasserverschiebung als zweitem Prinzip des Wassersteigens.
Basidiosporenentwicklung und ‐keimung bei Heterobasidiomyceten*
Authors: Bauer Robert 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Art der Keimung von Basidiosporen und Sekundärsporen einiger Rostpilzarten wurde lichtoptisch untersucht. Das Kernverhalten während der Keimung wurde mit Giemsa‐Kernfärbung ermittelt.In Abhängigkeit vom Substrat werden Sekundärsporen, Suchhyphen und Infektionsstrukturen gebildet. Die Kernverhältnisse während der Keimung sind von äußeren Einflüssen abhängig. Dabei stehen Kernphasen und morphologische Keimungsdifferenzierungen in Beziehung zueinander. Schleudersporen werden im monokaryotischen Zustand gebildet, wobei sich der Kern teilt. Bei wiederholter Schleudersporenbildung wird jeweils ein Kern inaktiviert. Bei der Ausbildung von Suchhyphen oder Infektionsstrukturen bleibt die Kernzahl unverändert.
Das Spektrum der polymerhomologen Fructane in verschiedenen Poaceengattungen
Authors: Englmaier Peter 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungBei der Untersuchung der Fructosepolymeren (Fructane) einiger Arten der Pooideae fielen 4 charakteristische und deutlich verschiedene Gruppen auf, die nach maximalem und mittlerem Polymerisationsgrad unterschieden werden können:
. Es werden keine Fructane aufgebaut. Hauptkohlehydrate sind Stärke und Saccharose.
. Es werden nur niedermolekulare Fructane aufgebaut. Als Speicherstoff tritt zusätzlich Stärke auf.
. Es treten Fructane mit einer breiten Molekulargewichtsverteilung (3–200 Fructosylreste) auf.
. Es treten nur hochpolymere Fructane (40–300 Fructosylreste) auf, daneben kommt Saccharose in großen Mengen vor.
Dieses Merkmal erweist sich auch im Jahresverlauf als sehr konstant und ist unabhängig von den beträchtlichen quantitativen saisonalen Schwankungen des Fructangehalts. Hinweise auf ökologische oder systematische Schwerpunkte dieser Gruppen werden erörtert.
Impact of temperature assisted ultrasonication on the quality attributes of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) juice
Authors: Jat Kapil , Jayachandran Lakshmi E. , Rao Pavuluri Srinivasa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe present study assessed the impact of ultrasonication in combination with moderate temperature on the physicochemical (pH; total soluble solids, TSS; total color difference ΔE*), biochemical (total phenols, TPC; antioxidant activity, AOX; betalain and enzyme activity) and microbiological (aerobic mesophiles, AM; yeast and mold, YM) attributes of beetroot juice. The experimental design involved different levels of process parameters, viz., frequency (28 and 40 kHz), temperature (30–50°C) and treatment time (10–30 min). The increase in TPC, AOX capacity and betalain contents 38%, 14% and 26%, respectively, was observed during US processing at 40 kHz. The betacyanin and betaxanthin were also well retained under the treatment domain. At the intense treatment condition of 40 kHz/50°C/30 min, the PPO and POD were inactivated by 78 and 85%, respectively. The microbial load (yeast and mold; aerobic mesophiles) was reduced to below detectable (<1 log CFU/mL) levels under the corresponding treatment condition. The ultrasonication of beetroot juice was optimized at 40 kHz/50°C/19 min with a desirability level of 0.656. This study establishes the efficacy of ultrasonication in combination with moderate temperature in rendering microbial safety and superior nutrient profile of beetroot juice, targeting an extended shelf life.Practical ApplicationsBeetroot juice is consumed in fresh form or used as an ingredient for product development. The juice is an ideal substrate for the extraction of natural colorants such as betalain and rich source of total phenolics. The juice is susceptible to enzymatic spoilage and microbial fermentation resulting in a loss of quality. Thermal processing retarded the enzyme activity and microbial proliferation but resulted in compromised juice quality. The nonthermal processing technologies such as ultrasonication impart a less intense effect on the juice matrix minimizing the effect of spoilage enzyme and microflora. The outcomes from this study emphasize the suitability of ultrasound processing in combination with moderate temperature in enhancing the shelf stability of beetroot juice with the retention of beneficial compounds.
Comfort First: Development and pilot testing of a web‐based video training to disseminate Comfort Matters dementia care
Authors: Hanson Laura C. , Meeks Natalie , Guo Janet , Alonzo Tena R. M. , Mitchell Karen M. , Gallagher Maribeth , Toles Mark , Harder Brianna , Zimmerman Sheryl 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer's disease‐related dementias (ADRD) are a leading cause of disability and death. In late‐stage ADRD most people prioritize comfort, but care to achieve comfort is rare. Comfort Matters combines palliative and geriatric care practices for nursing home dementia care, but in‐person training reaches few sites. To facilitate dissemination, we developed Comfort First, a web‐based training toolkit with video demonstration of Comfort Matters practices.MethodsWe developed and pilot‐tested Comfort First (NIA Intervention Stage 1). Stakeholder advisors representing nursing home residents, caregiver, and clinical perspectives guided development. Professional videographers filmed Comfort Matters staff to illustrate comfort‐focused dementia care skills. Video training modules, supported by an implementation manual, address Understanding the Person with Dementia, Promoting Quality of Life and Comfort, Working as a Team, Responding When People with Dementia are Distressed, Addressing Pain, and Making Comfort First a Reality. We then delivered Comfort First to 3 nursing homes. Implementation and outcome evaluation assessed the number and clinically diverse roles of trained staff and post‐test knowledge.ResultsNursing home staff roles (n = 146) were diverse: certified nursing assistants (40%), nurses (19%), administrators (11%), activities staff (6%), therapy staff (5%) and other roles. Individual participants' knowledge scores ranged from 50–100%; however average post‐test knowledge scores were high, ranging from 90% (Addressing Pain) to 99% (Promoting Quality of Life and Comfort, Making Comfort First a Reality).ConclusionsThe Comfort First web‐based training toolkit combines best practices in palliative care and geriatric care for ADRD, using video demonstrations to support broader dissemination of these skills. Initial evaluation demonstrates acceptability and knowledge uptake for staff in diverse clinical roles; future research should include evaluation of practice change. Consistent with the intent of its public funding, Comfort First will be widely disseminated at a minimal cost.
Patients' negative experiences with health care settings brought to light by formal complaints: A qualitative metasynthesis
Authors: Eriksen Alison Axisa , Fegran Liv , Fredwall Terje Emil , Larsen Inger Beate 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionNarratives of negative patient experiences expressed in complaints can help health care professionals reflect on their practices.AimsTo synthesise evidence from qualitative primary studies on patients' negative experiences with different health care settings and to obtain a detailed picture of what patients find problematic while receiving health care.DesignMetasynthesis inspired by Sandelowski and Barroso.MethodsA protocol was published in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A systematic search was conducted in CINAHL (EBSCOhost), MEDLINE (EBSCOhost), PsycInfo (Ovid) and Scopus, on 20.04.2021. Backward and forward citations of included reports were searched for relevant studies and the search was completed in March 2022. Two researchers independently screened and appraised the included reports. A metasynthesis using reflexive thematic analysis and a metasummary were conducted.ResultsTwenty‐four reports were included, and four main themes were extracted from the metasynthesis: (1) problems with access to health care services; (2) failure to acquire information about diagnosis, treatment and the expected patient role; (3) experiencing inappropriate care and bad treatment; (4) problems with trusting health care service providers.ConclusionsNegative patient experiences impact patients' physical and psychological health, leading to suffering and hampering patients from involving themselves in their health care.Relevance to clinical practiceNarratives of negative patient experiences aggregated from the findings provide knowledge about what patients need and expect from health care providers. These narratives can help health care professionals reflect on the way they interact with patients and improve their practice. Health care organisations need to prioritise patient participation.Reporting methodPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.Patient or public contributionFindings were presented and discussed in a meeting with a reference group representing patients, health care professionals and the public.
In situ oxygen, magnesium, and silicon isotopic compositions of the FUN inclusion Vigarano 1623‐5
Authors: Marin‐Carbonne Johanna , McKeegan Kevin D. , Davis Andrew M. , MacPherson Glenn J. , Mendybaev Ruslan A. , Richter Frank M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOxygen, magnesium, and silicon isotopic abundances in Vigarano 1623‐5 were studied using secondary ion mass spectrometry to investigate correlations between isotopic and petrologic properties of this unique forsterite‐bearing FUN inclusion. Vigarano 1623‐5 displays large, correlated mass‐dependent fractionation effects, tightly linked to mineralogy within distinct petrologic units of the inclusion. The pyroxene‐rich and melilite‐rich interior parts of the inclusion display highly mass‐fractionated isotopic compositions of oxygen, magnesium, and silicon, consistent with Rayleigh distillation during evaporation of a melt with initial oxygen composition close to a solar composition. However, the chemical composition, enriched in magnesium and silicon, suggests a precursor already fractionated by prior melt evaporation. A discontinuous igneous rim was produced by a flash‐melting event followed by isotopic exchange in the rim melilite with planetary‐like oxygen, mechanical fragmentation, and reassembly with an accretionary rim of heterogeneous materials. Al‐rich minerals in 1623‐5 show evidence for having crystallized with live 26Al but at less than the “canonical” level of most CV calcium‐aluminum‐rich inclusions. However, well‐defined 26Al‐26Mg isochrons are not found and temporal implications are ambiguous.
The nuclear effector MoHTR3 of Magnaporthe oryzae modulates host defence signalling in the biotrophic stage of rice infection
Authors: Lee Sehee , Völz Ronny , Lim You‐Jin , Harris William , Kim Seongbeom , Lee Yong‐Hwan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFungal effectors play a pivotal role in suppressing the host defence system, and their evolution is highly dynamic. By comparative sequence analysis of plant‐pathogenic fungi and Magnaporthe oryzae, we identified the small secreted C2H2 zinc finger protein MoHTR3. MoHTR3 exhibited high conservation in M. oryzae strains but low conservation among other plant‐pathogenic fungi, suggesting an emerging evolutionary selection process. MoHTR3 is exclusively expressed in the biotrophic stage of fungal invasion, and the encoded protein localizes to the biotrophic interfacial complex (BIC) and the host cell nucleus. The signal peptide crucial for MoHTR3′ secretion to the BIC and the protein section required for its translocation to the nucleus were both identified by a functional protein domain study. The host‐nuclear localization of MoHTR3 suggests a function as a transcriptional modulator of host defence gene induction. After ΔMohtr3 infection, the expression of jasmonic acid‐ and ethylene‐associated genes was diminished in rice, in contrast to when the MoHTR3‐overexpressing strain (MoHTR3ox) was applied. The transcript levels of salicylic acid‐ and defence‐related genes were also affected after ΔMohtr3 and MoHTR3ox application. In pathogenicity assays, ΔMohtr3 was indistinguishable from the wild type. However, MoHTR3ox‐infected plants showed diminished lesion formation and hydrogen peroxide accumulation, accompanied by a decrease in susceptibility, suggesting that the MoHTR3‐induced manipulation of host cells affects host–pathogen interaction. MoHTR3 emphasizes the role of the host nucleus as a critical target for the pathogen‐driven manipulation of host defence mechanisms and underscores the ongoing evolution of rice blast's arms race.
Intra‐ and interbrain synchrony and hyperbrain network dynamics of a guitarist quartet and its audience during a concert
Authors: Müller Viktor , Lindenberger Ulman 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPlaying music in a concert represents a multilevel interaction between musicians and the audience, where interbrain synchronization might play an essential role. Here, we simultaneously recorded electroencephalographs (EEGs) from the brains of eight people during a concert: a quartet of professional guitarists and four participants in the audience. Using phase synchronization analyses between EEG signals within and between brains, we constructed hyperbrain networks, comprising synchronized brain activity across the eight brains, and analyzed them using a graph‐theoretical approach. We found that strengths within and between brains in the delta band were higher in the quartet than in the public. Within‐brain strengths were higher and between‐brain strengths were lower in the music than in the applause condition, both particularly in the quartet group. These changes in coupling strength were accompanied by corresponding changes in the hyperbrain network topology, which were also frequency‐specific. Moreover, the network topology and the dynamical structure of guitar sounds showed specific guitar–brain, guitar–guitar, and brain–brain directional associations, indicating multilevel dynamics with upward and downward causation. Finally, the hyperbrain networks exhibit modular structures that were more stable during music performance than during applause. Our findings illustrate complex hyperbrain network interactions in a quartet and its audience during a concert.
A recipe for success? The importance of perceptions of goal agreement in cross‐sector collaboration
Authors: AbouAssi Khaldoun , Prince William , Johnston Jocelyn M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article addresses whether perceived goal agreement matters for cross‐sectoral collaboration outcomes. Using original survey data from Lebanon that compares the perceptions of local governcment and nonprofit leaders, the findings indicate perceived goal agreement is salient and linked to judgments that collaboration meets its objectives. The article also examines perceptions of goal agreement as it relates to social (trust) and process (power‐sharing) collaboration outcomes and find it to be associated with higher trust between collaborators. While this is the case for nonprofits more than local governments, we find no corresponding sector differences for the relationship between perceptions of goal agreement and effectiveness. In addition, agreeing on goals seems to be linked to perceptions of unequal decision‐making authority for local governments. The results highlight implications for the relationship between goal agreement and cross‐sector collaboration outcome, particularly in the context of developing countries.
Perinatal and neonatal characteristics of Prader–Willi syndrome in Japan
Authors: Oto Yuji , Murakami Nobuyuki , Imatani Kaishi , Inoue Takeshi , Itabashi Hisashi , Shiraishi Masahisa , Nitta Akihisa , Matsubara Keiko , Kobayashi Sayuki , Ihara Hiroshi , Nagai Toshiro , Matsubara Tomoyo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is suspected at birth if extreme hypotonia, difficulty in feeding, hypogonadism, and failure to thrive are present. Genetic diagnosis of PWS can generally be made within the first few months of life; however, a delayed diagnosis of PWS is frequently reported. Although the clinical characteristics of perinatal and neonatal patients with PWS have been reported, there are no such reports on the clinical characteristics of these patients in Japan.MethodsThis retrospective, single‐center study involved 177 Japanese patients with PWS and their medical data regarding the perinatal and neonatal periods were evaluated.ResultsThe median maternal age at birth was 34 years; 12.7% of the mothers had a history of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Of the mothers, 13.5% reported polyhydramnios and 4.3% had oligohydramnios. Decreased fetal movement during pregnancy was reported by 76% of the mothers. A total of 60.5% of patients were born by cesarean section. Genetic subtypes included deletions (66.1%), uniparental disomy (31.0%), imprinting defects (0.6%), and other or unknown subtypes (2.3%). The median birth length was 47.5 cm and the median birthweight was 2476 g. Of the 160 patients, 14 (8.8%) were classified as small for gestational age. Most patients had hypotonia (98.8%), and 89.3% required gavage feeding at birth. Breathing problems, congenital heart disease, and undescended testis were noted in 33.1%, 7.0%, and 93.5% of patients, respectively.ConclusionIn our study, higher rates of ART, polyhydramnios, decreased fetal movements, cesarean section, hypotonia, feeding difficulties, and undescended testis were observed in PWS.