bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helvi Sipilä
Authors: Lintonen Raimo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Helvi Sipilä (1915–2009) was a Finnish lawyer, an advocate of women’s rights, whose achievements have remained largely unexplored. She held important positions in the UN as chair of the Commission on the Status of Women, its Rapporteur on family planning, and as chair of the Third Committee of the General Assembly. She took part in drafting of and steering the UN Declaration against Discrimination of Women, which later formed the basis for a legal convention, and solidified family planning as women’s right, expanding the reproductive rights of women. She became in 1972 the first female Assistant Secretary-General of the UN, and was in charge of the International Women’s Year conference in Mexico City in 1975. It was the first UN conference focusing on women, a turning point in enlarging and consolidating a broader international regime for women. Criticizing the dominance of the economistic approach in the UN, Sipilä advocated an international human and social order, based on a women-centric world view.
The Timing of Felice Morgenstern
Authors: Klabbers Jan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This brief chapter discusses the life and work of Felice Morgenstern, the first female Whewell scholar at Cambridge University, and for many years an international civil servant working at the International Labour Organization. The chapter’s main theme is that Morgenstern’s academic timing was somewhat ‘off’: she was often a little ahead of her time in the sort of questions she would ask herself, and the sort of topics she would broach. Nonetheless, she left a clear mark in the field of international organizations law, having been among the first to think of ‘legality’ in connection with international organizations, and having been among the first (very likely, the first) to scrutinize the relations between international organizations inter se.
Elisabeth Mann Borgese
Authors: Seck Sara 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Elisabeth Mann Borgese is often referred to today as the ‘Mother of the Oceans’. She advocated for the inclusion of the principle of common heritage of mankind (CHM) in UNCLOS, and established the International Ocean Institute to enhance interdisciplinary dialogue and training on ocean law. She believed the CHM principle to be of fundamental importance for sustainable development and the evolving global world order. This belief was informed by her ecological relational worldview, and her commitment to the inclusion of developing countries. This portrait traces Mann Borgese’s early life, feminist writings, and relationships with non-human animals, together with her contributions to oceans law and governance, including as a professor at Dalhousie University where the portrait was written.
Thomas Baty in Japan
Authors: Murase Shinya 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Thomas Baty (1869–1954) received law degrees both from Oxford and Cambridge, and served as Honorary Secretary of the International Law Association (ILA) between 1905 and 1916. He served as legal advisor to the Japanese Foreign Ministry between 1916 and 1941 and from 1952 to 1954. The ILA Japan Branch was established in 1920 by his suggestion. He had defended the Japanese position in her invasion of Manchuria, the North Eastern part of China, in 1931, for which he was denied to receive his passport by the British Government after the war. He had a double identity, a prolific and controversial writer on international law and also a feminist writer and commentator under the pseudonym of Irene Clyde. Under her name, he published two books on feminism, a novel, Beatrice the Sixteenth (1909) and a collection of essays, Eve’s Sour Apple (1934). Baty, as a transgender person, often expressed hostility to the distinction of sexes and believed that if feminist characters prevailed, the world would have been led to pacifism. Thus, it is important, from the international law perspective, to note that he tried to establish an intrinsic link between feminism and pacifism.
Helene Halperin-Ginsburg
Authors: Shestakova Ksenia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Recent centenaries of equal women’s rights to practice law, equal voting rights, and the 1917 Russian Revolutions revived scholars’ interest in the early twentieth century. Helene Halperin-Ginsburg, the first woman international legal scholar in Imperial Russia, was as an exponent of her epoch: her personal struggles and encounters with unjust legal practices and social problems, including criminal justice procedures, led to her activism. Her upbringing, and her life in a multinational and multireligious community, influenced her worldviews. Inclined to humanities, Halperin-Ginsburg experienced injustices of the Jewish Pale of Settlement policies, saw the impoverishment of the village after the abolition of serfdom, and established a self-help tradition capable of dealing with some social problems. It was therefore not surprising that her personal experience coupled with Marxist literature moved her towards law; when women’s lack of opportunity to pursue the legal profession hindered her own legal career, she became a feminist. Halperin-Ginsburg genuinely believed in local communities’ potential in solving social problems and the progressive forces of equal education, media, and, of course, law. She picked up social issues and turned them into her legal projects, including the ‘woman attorney’ campaign and international relations transformation after the First World War, despite the many setbacks she faced as a woman in international law.
Political Legitimacy
Authors: Peter Fabienne 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the key themes of the book. First, it addresses the question of what makes political decisions legitimate. Is it respect for the political will? Or are there other sources of political legitimacy? It then explains why political legitimacy is an important normative concern, distinct from other normative concerns. The final section of this chapter discusses the differences between a normative and a meta-normative approach to the study of political legitimacy. A normative approach focuses on the relation between the legitimacy of political decisions and other normative properties that a decision might have. For example, what is the relationship between justice and legitimacy? A meta-normative approach focuses on the sources of the normativity of legitimacy—the grounds of legitimacy.
Political Factualism
Authors: Peter Fabienne 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, I discuss fact-based conceptions of political legitimacy. On a political factualist account, whether there is a permission to make binding political decisions depends on the normative facts that obtain in a given situation. Political decisions are legitimate in virtue of being the right decisions—the decision warranted by the normative facts. Political factualism holds that political decisions can be legitimate independently of what the citizens believe or otherwise judge should be done. I argue that while factualism may be a viable prospect in some spheres of practical normativity—in relation to moral rightness, for example—the potential accessibility problem that is inherent to factualism creates a serious difficulty for a conception of political legitimacy grounded on normative facts.
Political Deliberation
Authors: Peter Fabienne 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The first part of the book focused on the grounds of legitimate political decision-making. It remained mostly silent on the first-order normative question of how political decisions should be made. It’s time to rectify this and show what the epistemic accountability conception of political legitimacy implies for legitimate decision-making. One key feature of legitimate political decision-making, I argue in this chapter, is that it is embedded in well-ordered political deliberation. As I’ll explain, well-ordered political deliberation is subject to some norms. But why think that political legitimacy requires political deliberation, in the first place? I show that this follows from adopting a justificationist view of political legitimacy combined with a) rejecting factualism about political legitimacy (drawing on Chapter 3), and b) taking seriously the epistemic underdetermination problem for cognitive political authority (drawing on Chapter 4).
Nationalism, Sedition, and Mysticism
Authors: Figueira Dorothy M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter continues to show how the Gītā, unmoored from the language in which it was written or its exegetical tradition, could lend itself to multiple interpretations, becoming whatever the individual reader or translator wished to make of it. Translation theories were concocted to justify such transformative readings. Vivekananda read two Gītās: one interpreted at home and the other Gītā marketed in America. The American Gītā is curiously presented as a democratizing text for the consumerist and capitalist audience that he hoped to engage in interreligious dialogue. Tilak’s massive translation and commentary criticized traditional commentators (Rāmānuja, Śaṅkara, Jñānadeva, Madhva) and sought to correct their errors in his translation. He specifically promoted activism and social welfare as the focus of the Gītā. He called upon his fellow Indians to take up the kṣatriya’s role to further the nationalist cause. A deracinated Indian, such as Aurobindo, struggled with connecting with the text beyond its re-enculturated format. His commentary rejected the karmayoga reading and promoted spiritual uplift and a return to Aryan life. None of these Indian commentators sought to reform caste.
Nothingness
Authors: Løgstrup K. E. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Finally, Løgstrup accuses Kierkegaard’s understanding of Christianity and human existence of being fundamentally Platonistic because it devalues finitude and immediacy in favour of an idealized transcendence, which human beings can only achieve through dying away from finitude through suffering. He acknowledges that there are differences, such as Platonism’s focus on knowledge as opposed to Kierkegaard’s focus on action; but he also accuses Kierkegaard of overemphasizing this difference. He connects this critique with Kantian idealism and with Hegel. Furthermore, Løgstrup compares Kierkegaard’s idealism with Bertrand Russell’s empiricism through a discussion of the self. Like Kierkegaard, Russell rejects the notion of a substantial self, but where Kierkegaard’s reason for doing so is ethico-religious, Russell’s rejection is based in empiricism and science. Nevertheless, this shows how existentialism and empiricism share central views, and this provides an explanation for why positivism, empiricism, and existentialism are so prevalent in the middle of the twentieth century.
Neutral Impairment, Disadvantageous Disability
Authors: Begon Jessica 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
How should impairment be understood? Both the word and its widespread definition as suboptimal functioning suggests something that warrants removal. Yet this negative account is controversial, since determining which functionings are ‘worse’ is notoriously difficult. Further, this negative conception risks undermining both the coherence of disability pride (why be proud of a deficiency?), and the possibility of solidarity (dividing the ‘genuinely’ deficient from those merely perceived as such). This has led some to abandon the disability/impairment distinction altogether. I argue that, whilst the distinction should be retained, impairment should be understood as anomalous rather than deficient functioning. On this view, impairment is a broad church, including conditions that are relatively inert or even beneficial in our current context. When understood as difference rather than defect, it becomes clear why our goal should be eliminating the capability loss associated with impairment rather than eradicating anomalous functioning itself.
Introduction to The Cooperative Neuron
Authors: Phillips William A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A new era is dawning in the sciences of mind and brain. This book provides an overview of a conceptual revolution that is occurring in our understanding of the cellular foundations of mental life and its disorders. It relates conscious perception, thought, and action to recently discovered capabilities of pyramidal cells, a special class of neocortical neuron that has long been known to be widely distributed through the cerebral neocortex. This introduction summarizes the main topics discussed and inferences drawn in each of the book’s ten chapters. It alerts the reader to some of the underlying assumptions on which those inferences are based. The evidence reviewed and arguments presented in this book are accompanied by a deep undercurrent of moral concern. Finally, chapters in the book show that, while this broadly conceived field of research is in its infancy it is already substantial and growing rapidly.
Life, Brain, and Mind
Authors: Phillips William A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The organized complexity of life depends on cooperation between diverse people, organisms, cells, and molecules. To understand why and how that is so in mammalian neocortex, information-processing operations must be distinguished from the information processed. This chapter previews recent discoveries in cellular neurophysiology and shows that many pyramidal cells can amplify their information transmission when relevant to activity elsewhere in the brain. This context-sensitivity enables large numbers of neurons cooperate more effectively than they could do otherwise. Research that relates mental life in detail to this cellular physiology is described as ‘cellular psychology’ by analogy to ‘molecular biology’. Both arise from the discovery that what was thought to be ‘simple’ components can do more than previously supposed. The chapter touches on enduring philosophical issues and Shakespearean dramas of human mental life on which these discoveries cast new light.
Silvestre Revueltas
Authors: Kolb-Neuhaus Roberto 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
To this day, Silvestre Revueltas (1899–1940) has been systematically portrayed as a nationalist composer both in his native Mexico and abroad. His private and public writings belie this myth, however, as he sought to sound the voice of the downtrodden, not only those wandering the Mexican streets but also gypsy miners in Spain, black slaves in the US South, and those living in Cuba in colonial times. The various soundings of such social actors account for the diversity of aesthetics in his works, which Roberto Kolb-Neuhaus explores in this volume through a correlation of the musical texts with the composer’s writings as well as his wide-ranging political activism. With few exceptions, though, most of his works seek to transcend standards of political art expression, such as program music or scores variously linked to word or image. Revueltas’ early instrumental works appear to abstract a musical ontology from the time and space of his diverse and multiple social actors through a daringly free use of montage and collage. Avant-garde rebellion and satire are also present in his best-known late works. Revueltas’ art is unique and provocatively decolonial, one that pokes fun at the cosmopolitanistic fantasies of his Eurocentric peers at home as well as the exoticizing expectations he faced abroad. Unveiling the sense behind Revueltas’ irony and the form that political passion takes on in his music is the intention guiding Kolb-Neuhaus’s hermeneutic approach, which intertwines Revueltian art with his writings and political actions.
Experiencing Village Life
Authors: Molteno Marion 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Two accounts of Russell’s time spent in South Asian villages, learning about daily life there: 1950, India: Umri, district Rohilkand, UP. Taken by Khurshidul Islam who had grown up in the village, Russell and his wife stayed with a young landlord called Said, who took him around the village to talk to men in various occupations. The women in Said’s household observed purdah so he could not meet them but his wife spent time with them. 1976, Pakistan: Kanyal, district Gujrat, Punjab. In the UK Russell met a woman from Kanyal who had migrated to the UK, and in Kanyal he stayed with her brother Akram. He joined in the daily routines of village life, observing roles of women and men; poetry as local entertainment; details of farming and other occupations; stories about migrant labour to cities or beyond; varieties of religious belief and observation.
Urdu Poetry Versus the Fundamentalists
Authors: Molteno Marion 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the wake of the terrorist attack of 2001 Edward Said wrote that it was important to stress that ‘there is more than one Islam’. Russell describes the anti-fundamentalist nature of Islam as embodied in classical Urdu (and Persian) poetry. He gives examples from Sadi, Hafiz, Ghalib, Hali, and other ghazal poets, particularly Mir, who stress that mere observance of the rituals of religion are in themselves without value, and attacking the traditionalists. The essential humanism of the ghazal derives from its Sufi origins, and stresses love for all humankind. Fundamentalist Muslims have always been uncomfortable with this tradition.
Hindi and Urdu, Languages and Scripts
Authors: Molteno Marion 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The connections between Hindi and Urdu have long been controversial. Russell discusses their history as languages, the range of overlapping vocabulary; the impact of different scripts; the development of modern literary Hindi; attempts to ‘purify’ either language by avoiding words originating from other language sources. Premchand, Gandhi, and Nehru all wished to promote national unity by stressing that Hindi and Urdu are ‘one language with two scripts’—though this is not born out in an analysis of the language Premchand himself used. In India since Independence, Hindi has been prioritised and Urdu has not been taught in government schools. Children of Urdu speaking families often cannot read the Urdu script and community efforts to counteract this have had limited effect. Some Urdu literature is now being published in Devanagri script, and there is a growing need for Urdu literature to be made available in English translation.
Management of urologic prosthetic reservoirs at the time of inguinal or pelvic surgery
Authors: Tua-Caraccia Rafael D , Adams Eric S , Watters Christopher R , Lentz Aaron C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The artificial urinary sphincter and 3-piece inflatable penile prosthesis each require a fluid storage component and thus have components in the inguinal and pelvic regions. Because of this, patients with urologic prosthetics sometimes present challenges during future nonprosthetic operations. Presently, there is no established guideline for device management with ensuing inguinal or pelvic surgery.

Aims
This article outlines concerns during pelvic and inguinal surgery for patients with an artificial urinary sphincter and/or inflatable penile prosthesis and proposes an algorithm for preoperative surgical planning and decision making.

Methods
We conducted a narrative review of the literature on operative management of these prosthetic devices. Publications were identified by searching electronic databases. Only peer-reviewed publications available in English were considered for this review.

Results
We review the important considerations as well as available options for operative management of these prosthetic devices during subsequent nonprosthetic surgery and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each. Finally, we suggest a framework for helping surgeons determine which management strategy is most appropriate for their individual patients.

Conclusion
The best management strategy will differ depending on patient values, the planned surgery, and patient-specific factors. Surgeons should understand and counsel patients on all available options and encourage informed, shared decision making to determine the best individualized approach.
Neuromedin S regulates steroidogenesis and proliferation in goat Leydig cells through modulating mitochondrial function
Authors: Sun Xuan , Wang Yifei , Mai Qingyang , Fan Yixuan , Huang Qunhao , Du Yingli , Huang Hai , MA El‐Samahy , Wang Feng , Zhang Guomin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNeuromedin S (NMS) is a neuroregulatory substance and has many important roles in regulating physiological functions in animal cells, while their specific functions and mechanisms in Leydig cells (LCs) of the testis remain unclear. The current study aims to investigate the role and potential mechanisms of NMS and its receptors in regulating steroidogenesis and proliferation in goat LCs. We found that NMS and its receptors were mainly expressed in LCs of goat testes at different ages (1‐day‐old, 3‐month‐old, and 9‐month‐old), and the highest expressions detected at age three months. NMS addition significantly enhanced the testosterone secretion, STAR, CYP11A1, 3BHSD, and CYP17A1 expressions, cell proliferation, and PCNA expression in vitro cultured goat LCs. Mechanistically, NMS addition increased G1/S cell population, the expressions of CCND1, CDK4 and CDK6, the activities of SOD2 and CAT, and enhanced the mitochondrial fusion, the production of ATP, and mitochondrial membrane potential, while inhibited cellular ROS production, and maintained a low ubiquitination level of mitochondrial proteins. Notably, these effects of NMS addition on goat LCs were suppressed by co‐treatment with NMUR2 knockdown. Therefore, these data suggest that activating NMUR2 with NMS enhances testosterone production and cell proliferation in goat LCs through modulating mitochondrial morphology, function, and autophagy. These findings may provide a novel view of the regulatory mechanisms involved in male sexual maturation.
Expression of Apoptotic and Ubiquitin-Proteasome Genes Are Altered in Blastocoel Fluid From Preimplantation Euploid IVF Embryos That Result in Miscarriage [ID: 1365769]
Authors: Collins Carson , Chosed Renee , Green Lisa , Kordus Richard , Nguyen Dieu Thao , Vaillant Kayla 
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Infertility is one of the leading causes of recurrent miscarriage, affecting approximately 14% of reproductive-aged patients. Recurrent miscarriages are presumed to be the result of embryonic chromosomal abnormalities such as aneuploidy. Literature has indicated that apoptotic mechanisms may play a role in selective elimination of aneuploid cells during preimplantation embryo development. This study aims to identify the expression patterns of an apoptotic gene and a gene encoding a ubiquitin ligase within blastocoel fluid-conditioned media from preimplantation euploid in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos that resulted in miscarriage to identify specific genes associated with poor implantation outcomes.

METHODS:
Candidate genes were identified through whole-transcriptome (RNA-seq) analysis of blastocoel fluid from euploid IVF embryos that resulted in successful or unsuccessful implantation. Blastocoel fluid from euploid IVF embryos resulting in miscarriage or successful implantation was selected for specific gene expression analysis using RT-qPCR and Taqman-specific primers. BCL2L12 and SHARPIN gene expression was assessed, compared to GAPDH control.

RESULTS:
Expression of BCL2L12, an antiapoptotic gene, and SHARPIN, a gene that encodes an ubiquitin ligase, was altered in blastocoel fluid samples associated with miscarriage. Initial studies indicate that SHARPIN has a higher expression in blastocoel fluid from samples associated with negative implantation outcomes.

CONCLUSION:
Identification of gene expression patterns during preimplantation development that are associated with miscarriage may allow for an additional embryo quality metric to improve the success of each IVF embryo transfer potentially reducing the number of miscarriages. Additionally, these metrics could be expanded to allow for the identification of potential high-risk pregnancies soon after implantation, without any harm to the fetus.