bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of mandibular ameloblastoma with surgical resection in combination with radiation therapy in a 15‐year‐old Hanoverian gelding
Authors: Will Johanna , Muñoz Encarnación , Maleh Souel , Gruber Achim , Coco Lisa , Fischer Holger 
Published: December 2022

SummaryA 15‐year‐old Hanoverian gelding was admitted for evaluation of a firm, expansive mass about 5 cm in diameter, in the horizontal ramus of the right mandible, between teeth 406 and 408. Histological examination revealed a highly invasive ameloblastoma with severe secondary fibrosis. Resection of the tumour was performed under general anaesthesia, a 4.5 locking compression plate with 14 holes was placed over the defect with eight locking screws, and the defect was filled with Cerasorb M. The horse received radiation therapy with a dose of 4.2 Gy every day for 10 consecutive days. Twenty months after surgery, the horse is in a good general condition and a repeat biopsy showed no signs of tumour recurrence.
Chromosome‐dependent aneuploid formation in Spo11‐less meiosis
Authors: Kawashima Yuri , Oda Arisa H. , Hikida Yasushi , Ohta Kunihiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDeficiency in meiotic recombination leads to aberrant chromosome disjunction during meiosis, often resulting in the lethality of gametes or genetic disorders due to aneuploidy formation. Budding yeasts lacking Spo11, which is essential for initiation of meiotic recombination, produce many inviable spores in meiosis, while very rarely all sets of 16 chromosomes are coincidentally assorted into gametes to form viable spores. We induced meiosis in a spo11∆ diploid, in which homolog pairs can be distinguished by single nucleotide polymorphisms and determined whole‐genome sequences of their exceptionally viable spores. We detected no homologous recombination in the viable spores of spo11∆ diploid. Point mutations were fewer in spo11∆ than in wild‐type. We observed spo11∆ viable spores carrying a complete diploid set of homolog pairs or haploid spores with a complete haploid set of homologs but with aneuploidy in some chromosomes. In the latter, we found the chromosome‐dependence in the aneuploid incidence, which was positively and negatively influenced by the chromosome length and the impact of dosage‐sensitive genes, respectively. Selection of aneuploidy during meiosis II or mitosis after spore germination was also chromosome dependent. These results suggest a pathway by which specific chromosomes are more prone to cause aneuploidy, as observed in Down syndrome.
Attempts for deriving extended pluripotent stem cells from common marmoset embryonic stem cells
Authors: Yoshimatsu Sho , Nakajima Mayutaka , Sonn Iki , Natsume Rie , Sakimura Kenji , Nakatsukasa Ena , Sasaoka Toshikuni , Nakamura Mari , Serizawa Takashi , Sato Tsukika , Sasaki Erika , Deng Hongkui , Okano Hideyuki 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExtended pluripotent stem cells (EPSCs) derived from mice and humans showed an enhanced potential for chimeric formation. By exploiting transcriptomic approaches, we assessed the differences in gene expression profile between extended EPSCs derived from mice and humans, and those newly derived from the common marmoset (marmoset; Callithrix jacchus). Although the marmoset EPSC‐like cells displayed a unique colony morphology distinct from murine and human EPSCs, they displayed a pluripotent state akin to embryonic stem cells (ESCs), as confirmed by gene expression and immunocytochemical analyses of pluripotency markers and three‐germ‐layer differentiation assay. Importantly, the marmoset EPSC‐like cells showed interspecies chimeric contribution to mouse embryos, such as E6.5 blastocysts in vitro and E6.5 epiblasts in vivo in mouse development. Also, we discovered that the perturbation of gene expression of the marmoset EPSC‐like cells from the original ESCs resembled that of human EPSCs. Taken together, our multiple analyses evaluated the efficacy of the method for the derivation of marmoset EPSCs.
Substance use outcomes among individuals with severe mental illnesses receiving assertive community treatment: A systematic review
Authors: Abufarsakh Bassema , Kappi Amani , Pemberton Kylie M. , Williams Lovoria B. , Okoli Chizimuzo T.C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAssertive Community Treatment (ACT) is a multidisciplinary treatment approach to support people with severe mental illnesses (SMI) in their recovery. While the majority of ACT recipients report co‐morbid substance use issues, limited reviews have evaluated the impact of receiving ACT services on substance use outcomes. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the impact of ACT involvement on substance use outcomes among people with SMI. A systematic literature search was conducted including articles published prior to April 2021. Twenty‐nine studies were included in this review. Of them, 15 studies implemented a controlled design (six studies demonstrated high quality) and 14 studies implemented a cohort design. From a synthesis of the reviewed studies, five areas of changes associated with substance use emerged including reduced alcohol and drug use severity, lower prevalence of alcohol and drug use, increased stage of change in substance use treatment, and fewer days of hospitalization and intoxication. Thus, future studies should examine the integration of substance use treatment services as part of ACT interventions for opportunities to enhance recovery outcomes among individuals with SMI.
Nursing students' attitudes regarding euthanasia due to unbearable mental suffering: Cross‐sectional study using the adapted and validated Euthanasia Attitude Scale
Authors: Demedts Dennis , Cools Wilfried , Fobelets Maaike , Tricas‐Sauras Sandra , Bilsen Johan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo explore final year nursing students' attitudes towards euthanasia due to unbearable mental suffering by using the adapted and validated Euthanasia Attitude Scale.DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsExplorative, descriptive cross‐sectional study conducted using an e‐mail survey between October 2020 and March 2021 by a sample of final‐year baccalaureate nursing students (n = 273) from eight of the eleven Flemish university colleges. The actual questionnaire contains 21 questions and was developed based on a consensus reached following independent translations. The psychometric properties of the Euthanasia Attitude Scale were assessed, including reliability and validity. Independent‐sample Mann–Whitney U‐test was used to investigate relation between demographic and education‐related data, and domain and total score of the UMS‐EAS‐NL. This study received ethical approval from the Ethical Committee of the University Hospital Brussels, Belgium.ResultsMcDonald's omega was 0.838 for the total Euthanasia Attitude Scale scores, supporting the validity of the questionnaire. A statistically significant difference in ‘Naturalistic beliefs’ score was found relating to the year of birth. There are clinically important results between those students who have been involved in euthanasia and those who have not.ConclusionsMost of the final‐year nursing students supported the probability of patients' access to euthanasia due to unbearable mental suffering. To monitor adequate care, it is necessary to prepare nursing students adequately for this complex matter.ImpactTo date, no large‐scale study has examined nursing students' attitudes towards euthanasia because of unbearable mental suffering. It is expected that nursing students may be confronted with such a euthanasia request during an internship, or later in their professional career, in countries where euthanasia is legal. Students showed a high acceptability towards UMS‐euthanasia. Clinically significant differences were found for students who had ever been involved in euthanasia.
Blacklisting and the EU as a Global Regulator: The Institutionally Predisposed Norm Breaker
Authors: Jarlebring Johannes 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe European Union (EU) is commonly considered to be a regulatory great power that projects external influence based on the power vested in its internal market. Relatively little is known, however, about why and when the EU mobilises its market power to put direct pressure on non‐cooperative countries in regulatory matters. This article examines a critical case of such power projection: the ‘blacklisting’ of third countries. Testing expectations drawn from some of the main theories of EU power, it finds that elite action to promote the rule of law best explains why the EU uses blacklisting, whereas bottom‐up stakeholder pressure explains when this technique is used. A combination of the theories can therefore explain the puzzling pattern of where blacklisting schemes were set up with reference to EU norms and pegged to international law but eventually applied quasi‐exclusively to tiny third countries. These findings call for further research on EU market power.
Feasibility of social cognitive theory‐based fall prevention intervention for people with intellectual disabilities living in group‐home
Authors: Choi P. , Motl R. W. , Agiovlasitis S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdults with intellectual disability (ID) have a higher rate of fall events than the general population. Consequently, interventions for reducing fall events and improving health are highly required for individuals with ID. One essential step towards effectively delivering fall prevention interventions among adults with ID involves evaluating their feasibility. This study examined the feasibility of a home‐based exercise intervention, supplemented with behavioural change strategies, among individuals with ID living in residential settings.MethodThis study provided an 8‐week intervention, consisting of a workshop for support workers and sessions for participants with ID, focusing on behavioural reward/s, education regarding fall prevention/exercise and exercise training. One week prior to and 1 week following such an intervention, such participants underwent measurements for (1) physical performance, (2) fall efficacy, (3) self‐efficacy for activity and (4) social support.ResultsParticipants having ID (n = 33), support workers (n = 11) and one administrator participated in this study. There were no adverse events during the intervention, and the mean adherence rate was 70.8 ± 19.5%. Two participants with ID dropped out of the programme due to a lack of interest. The participants with ID significantly improved individual physical performance, self‐efficacy for activity, fall efficacy and support from friends and support workers.ConclusionsFall prevention interventions for adults with ID living in group‐homes were highly promising for eventual large‐scale implementation within such communities.
Efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia or sleep disturbance in pregnant women: A systematic review ad meta‐analysis
Authors: Zheng Xinyi , Zhu Zheng , Chen Juan , He Jiaying , Zhu Yuhang , Zhang Lei , Qu Fan 
Published: December 2022

SummaryDuring pregnancy many women may experience negative emotions and sleep disturbances. This systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to assess the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I) or sleep disturbance in pregnant women. From the earliest available publications to 15 April 2022, seven electronic literature databases were searched: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and VIP Database for Chinese Science and Technology Journal. Randomised controlled trials of CBT‐I in pregnant women with insomnia or sleep disorders were included. The methodological bias of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The meta‐analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Stata Statistical Software: Release 15 was used for sensitivity analysis and publication bias. We included eight randomised controlled trials involving 743 pregnant women. Meta‐analysis showed that, compared with the control group, CBT‐I significantly improved the Insomnia Severity Index (mean difference [MD] = −4.25, 95% confidence interval [CI, −6.32, −2.19], p < 0.001), The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (MD = −3.30, 95% CI [−4.81, −1.79], p < 0.001), sleep onset latency (standardised mean difference [SMD] = −1.25, 95% CI [−2.01, −0.50], p = 0.001), anxiety (SMD = −0.99, 95% CI [−1.32, −0.67], p < 0.001), and depression (SMD = −0.40, 95% CI [−0.72, −0.07], p = 0.02). No significant differences were found in total sleep time (SMD = 0.31, 95% CI [−0.54, 1.17], p = 0.47) and sleep efficiency (SMD = 0.80, 95% CI [−0.53, 2.13], p = 0.24). CBT‐I significantly improved pregnant women's sleep quality, insomnia severity, depression, and anxiety. This meta‐analysis provides evidence that CBT‐I is valid for insomnia or sleep disturbances during pregnancy.
Kinetics changes in total cholesterol predict HBeAg seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with pegylated interferon‐alfa
Authors: Cao Xiongyue , Hu Qiankun , Xu Wei , Li Qiang , Zhang Jiming , Chen Liang , Huang Yuxian , Qi Xun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThere is no satisfactory standard for predicting HBeAg seroconversion during Pegylated interferon alpha (PegIFNα) treatment. Studies have shown that IFNα therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients could alter serum lipid profiles. However, there have been no studies on lipid changes that predict the outcome of PegIFNα monotherapy in treated‐naive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. This retrospective study included 130 treated‐naive HBeAg‐positive CHB patients receiving PegIFNα monotherapy. The relationship between serum lipid changes and HBeAg seroconversion was analysed. The TC‐ALT‐HBsAg‐HBeAg‐Genotype‐Age (CASEGA) model was established to predict HBeAg seroconversion after PegIFN‐α monotherapy. Among 130 patients, 33 achieved HBeAg seroconversion (SR) and 97 did not achieve HBeAg seroconversion (NR). The decrease in serum total cholesterol (TC) in the NR group was significantly higher than in the SR group at Week 24 (−9.59% vs. −0.31%, p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the change in TC at Week 24 (odds ratio = 1.065, p = 0.009) was an independent predictor of HBeAg seroconversion. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the CASEGA model was 0.883. The model score at the maximum Youden index was 90, and the specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 0.727, 0.794, 0.546 and 0.895, respectively. The HBeAg seroconversion rate at Week 72 in patients with scores >90 was significantly higher than that in patients with scores <90 (54.55% vs. 10.47%, p < 0.001). This study indicated that the change in the TC level at 24 weeks in CHB patients treated with PegIFNα was associated with HBeAg seroconversion. The CASEGA prediction model based on the TC change rate of 24 weeks has good predictive efficiency for HBeAg seroconversion.
Grip it good: in vivo grip force across substrate diameters in the brown‐throated three‐toed sloth (Bradypus variegatus)
Authors: Young M. W. , Granatosky M. C. , Avey‐Arroyo J. A. , Butcher M. T. , Dickinson E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSloths are among the most specialized arboreal species and have evolved a suite of anatomical features that support suspensory behaviors. While sloths generally show a reduction in skeletal muscle mass, the digital flexor musculature (i.e., the muscles associated with grip strength) remains relatively large. It may therefore be inferred that grip strength represents an important selective criterion for sloths. However, no in vivo data are available to assess the validity of this hypothesis. In this study, we explore how grip force varies as a function of substrate diameter, sidedness, and between the forelimb and hindlimb in brown‐throated three‐toed sloths (Bradypus variegatus; N = 5). Grip force was measured using a custom‐built support, comprising two semi‐circular prisms, the lower half of which was instrumented with a medium‐load force plate. Maximum recorded grip forces exceeded 100% bodyweight. While no differences were observed between the fore‐ and hindlimb pairs, both substrate diameter and sidedness significantly influenced grip strength. Specifically, B. variegatus exhibited the greatest grip force potential on the left side of their body and on large‐diameter supports. Equal gripping performance between the fore‐ and hindlimbs may be attributable to previous observations in sloths of a near‐equal distribution of bodyweight support between the limbs during suspensory locomotion. Moreover, a tendency to produce the greatest grip forces on large‐diameter substrates agrees with their ecological substrate preferences. The consistent tendency for left sidedness across the individuals studied was unexpected, and future work should explore the potential ecological and anatomical correlates of such a finding.
Costs and Benefits of Spacing for Second Language Vocabulary Learning: Does Relearning Override the Positive and Negative Effects of Spacing?
Authors: Nakata Tatsuya , Suzuki Yuichi , He Xuehong (Stella) 
Published: December 2022

AbstractResearch has suggested that long spacing (i.e., temporal intervals) within a training session facilitates second language vocabulary learning. Studies, however, have been limited to treatment that involved sessions for only initial learning but not subsequent relearning. Furthermore, most studies have investigated only the benefits of spacing without considering its potential costs (i.e., increased duration of the treatment). In our study, we examined the benefits and costs of within‐session spacing for both initial learning and relearning. In this study, 170 Japanese‐speaking university students learned 20 English–Japanese word pairs using one of the following four combinations of initial and relearning spacing: long–long, long–short, short–long, and short–short spacing. The results showed that introducing long spacing for both initial learning and relearning (long–long) led to better long‐term retention and higher efficiency scores (i.e., number of words learned per trial) despite the increased duration of the treatment. These findings suggest that the benefits of long spacing outweigh its costs.
Sciopemyia sordellii in the Neotropical region: distribution, biology, and ecology
Authors: Chaves Júnior Salvador Paganella , Baggio Rafael Antunes , Szelag Enrique Alejandro , Shimabukuro Paloma Helena Fernandes , de Andrade Andrey José 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe species Sciopemyia sordellii (Diptera, Phlebotominae) is widely distributed throughout the American continent. This raises doubts about their identity as a single biological entity and points to the occurrence of species complex. Here, we review the geographic distribution of S. sordellii in the Neotropical region, as well as data on its biology and ecology. Records were obtained from literature and from specimens deposited in biological collections. In total, 149 records were analysed, from 12 countries in America. However, after taxonomic revision, some specimens were wrongly identified as S. sordellii, especially those from Peru, putting in doubt the occurrence of the species in that country. In Brazil, it has been recorded in all five geographic regions and collected in different biomes, besides to other ecotypes such as caves. Furthermore, its presence in an anthropized environment has also been reported. Some studies have also diagnosed Leishmania DNA in S. sordellii, indicating that parasite circulation is being maintained between the reservoir hosts. The data evaluated in our study allowed us to provide updated information on the distribution of S. sordellii in America, which may be useful in the taxonomy of this species.
Orthodontic resins loaded with niobium silicate particles: Impact of filler concentration on the physicochemical and biological properties
Authors: Pinto Lucas Dalcin , Balbinot Gabriela de Souza , Rucker Victória Britz , Ogliari Fabricio Aulo , Collares Fabricio Mezzomo , Leitune Vicente Castelo Branco 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesWhite spot lesions (WSL) are prevalent in patients using orthodontic appliances. The presence of ion‐releasing compounds in the tooth‐appliance interface may limit enamel demineralization to control WSL incidence. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the mineral formation on SiNb‐containing experimental orthodontic resins and the influence of these fillers on the physicochemical and biological properties of developed materials.Materials and MethodsThe SiNb particles were synthesized via the sol–gel route and characterized by their molecular structure and morphology. Photopolymerizable orthodontic resins were produced with a 75 wt% Bis‐GMA/25 wt% TEGDMA and 10 wt%, 20 wt%, or 30 wt% addition of SiNb. A control group was formulated without SiNb. These resins were tested for their degree of conversion, softening in solvent, cytotoxicity in fibroblasts, flexural strength, shear bond strength (SBS), and mineral deposition.ResultsThe addition of 10 wt% of SiNb did not impair the conversion of monomers, cytotoxicity, and flexural strength. All groups with SiNb addition presented similar softening in solvent. The presence of these particles did not affect the bond strength between metallic brackets and enamel, with SBS values ranging from 16.41 to 18.66 MPa. The mineral deposition was observed for all groups.ConclusionThe use of niobium silicate as filler particles in resins may be a strategy for the adhesion of orthodontic appliances. The 10 wt% SiNb concentration resulted in a material with suitable physicochemical and biological properties while maintaining the bond strength to tooth enamel and promoting mineral deposition.
Operational tolerance after intestine re‐transplantation in childhood and immunological correlates. Case report and review
Authors: Remaley Lisa , Ashokkumar Chethan , Soltys Kyle A. , Mazariegos George Vincent , Bond Geoffrey James , Khanna Ajai , Ganoza Armando , Reyes‐Mugica Miguel , Zeevi Adriana , Sindhi Rakesh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundOperational tolerance after retransplantation of the intestine has never been reported.PurposeTo two recently described intestine transplant recipients with operational tolerance, we now add a third.MethodsReview of case record and immunological testing to confirm donor‐specific hyporesponsiveness in multiple immune cell compartments.ResultsRe‐transplanted with a multivisceral liver‐ and kidney‐inclusive intestine allograft at age 12 years, this recipient self‐discontinued immunosuppression 14 years after the retransplant and has been rejection free for 2 years thereafter. As in the two previous reports, immunological testing demonstrated decreased donor‐specific inflammatory response of T‐cytotoxic memory cells and B‐cells, decreased presentation of donor antigen by B‐cells and monocytes, absence of donor‐specific anti‐HLA antibodies, circulating FOXP3 + T‐helper cells, and intact cellular and humoral immunity to cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr virus. Additionally, our recipient demonstrated enhanced donor‐activation‐induced apoptosis of alloreactive T‐cytotoxic memory cells.ConclusionsDespite variable paths to tolerance which include graft versus host disease in two previous cases, and rejection‐related loss of the primary isolated intestinal allograft in our recipient, the three cases with operational tolerance are bound by common themes: a relatively large donor antigenic load transmitted during intestine transplantation, and donor‐specific hyporesponsiveness. Cell‐based assays suggest enhanced donor‐induced apoptosis of recipient T‐cells and circulating T‐regulatory cells as mechanistic links between antigenic load and donor‐specific hyporesponsiveness.