bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breaking the Responsivity‐Bandwidth Trade‐Off Limit in GaN Photoelectrodes for High‐Response and Fast‐Speed Optical Communication Application
Authors: Fang Shi , Li Liuan , Wang Danhao , Chen Wei , Kang Yang , Wang Weiyi , Liu Xin , Luo Yuanmin , Yu Huabin , Zhang Haochen , Memon Muhammad Hunain , Hu Wei , He Jr‐Hau , Gong Chen , Zuo Chengjie , Liu Sheng , Sun Haiding 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnderwater optical communication (UOC) has attracted considerable interest in the continuous expansion of human activities in marine/ocean environments. The water‐durable and self‐powered photoelectrodes that act as a battery‐free light receiver in UOC are particularly crucial, as they may directly face complex underwater conditions. Emerging photoelectrochemical (PEC)‐type photodetectors are appealing owing to their intrinsic aqueous operation characteristics with versatile tunability of photoresponses. Herein, a self‐powered PEC photodetector employing n‐type gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires as a photoelectrode, which is decorated with an iridium oxide (IrOx) layer to optimize charge transfer dynamics at the GaN/electrolyte interface, is reported. Strikingly, the constructed n‐GaN/IrOx photoelectrode breaks the responsivity‐bandwidth trade‐off limit by simultaneously improving the response speed and responsivity, delivering an ultrafast response speed with response/recovery times of only 2 µs/4 µs while achieving a high responsivity of 110.1 mA W−1. Importantly, the device exhibits a large bandwidth with 3 dB cutoff frequency exceeding 100 kHz in UOC tests, which is one of the highest values among self‐powered photodetectors employed in optical communication system.
Photoswitchable Liquid‐to‐Solid Transition of Azobenzene‐Decorated Polysiloxanes
Authors: van der Tol Joost J. B. , Engels Tom A. P. , Cardinaels Ruth , Vantomme Ghislaine , Meijer E. W. , Eisenreich Fabian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHaving external control over fundamental properties of polymers, such as their physical state, is a crucial yet challenging design criterion for smart materials. Liquifying polymers through photochemical events has significantly advanced various research lines. However, the opposite process of solidifying a polymer that is intrinsically in a liquid state reversibly with light is unattained. Herein, the light‐controlled liquid‐to‐solid transition of polysiloxanes is reported, which are decorated with a small number of azobenzene‐functionalized ureidopyrimidinone (Azo‐UPy) pendants. The UPy moieties toggle between intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonding via trans→cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene. This transformation on the molecular level leads to the formation of strong supramolecular cross‐links, which, in turn, results in the macroscopic solidification of the material. The photoswitching event enables the post‐synthetic tailoring of the polymers’ mechanical properties, thus providing an alternative to the addition of plasticizers or hardeners. Moreover, the adhesion strength of the photochromic material increases by a factor of 6 upon exposure to UV light. In situ illumination during rheological measurements reveals the delicate interplay between wavelength dependent penetration depth and photoswitching efficiency. This conceptually new (de)bonding on demand strategy paves the way for creating light‐responsive materials with exciting applications in temporal adhesion, recycling, lithography, and material processing.
Impact of Minor Alloy Components on the Electrocapillarity and Electrochemistry of Liquid Metal Fractals
Authors: Yu Ruohan , Han Jialuo , Chi Yuan , Zheng Jiewei , Fuchs Richard , Ghasemian Mohammad B. , Rahim Md. Arifur , Tang Shi‐Yang , Mao Guangzhao , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kourosh , Tang Jianbo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExploring and controlling surface tension‐driven phenomena in liquid metals may lead to unprecedented possibilities for next‐generation microfluidics, electronics, catalysis, and materials synthesis. In pursuit of these goals, the impact of minor constituents within liquid alloys is largely overlooked. Herein, it is showed that the presence of a fraction of solute metals such as tin, bismuth, and zinc in liquid gallium can significantly influence their electrocapillarity and electrochemistry. The instability‐driven fractal formation of liquid alloy droplets is investigated with different solutes and reveals the formation of distinctive non‐branched droplets, unstable fractals, and stable fractal modes under controlled voltage and alkaline solution conditions. In their individually unique fractal morphology diagrams, different liquid alloys demonstrate significantly shifted voltage thresholds in transition between the three fractal modes, depending on the choice of the solute metal. Surface tension measurements, cycle voltammetry and surface compositional characterizations provide strong evidence that the minor alloy components drastically alter the surface tension, surface electrochemical oxidation, and oxide dissolution processes that govern the droplet deformation and instability dynamics. The findings that minor components are able to regulate liquid alloys’ surface tensions, surface element distributions and electrochemical activities offer great promises for harnessing the tunability and functionality of liquid metals.
Self‐Driven Narrow‐Band Photodetector based on FAPbBr2.5I0.5 Single Crystal for Yellow Light Intensity Meter Application
Authors: Liang Feng‐Xia , Zhou Liang‐Liang , Hu Yi , Li Shi‐Fu , Zhang Zhen‐Yu , Li Jing‐Yue , Fu Can , Wu Chun‐Yan , Wang Li , Huang Jian‐An , Luo Lin‐Bao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAccurate and quantifiable detection of the specific wavelength is vital in different application scenarios. Herein, a novel self‐driven narrowband photodetector (NB‐PD) based on CH(NH2)2PbBr2.5I0.5 crystal film is employed for building a yellow light intensity meter. By taking advantage of the carrier collection narrowing mechanism, a sensitive NB‐PD with peak response at 580 nm and the full‐width at half‐maximum of 23 nm are successfully achieved. The asymmetric contact electrodes of Ag/Pt allow the device to work without bias. The optoelectronic analysis demonstrates that the NB‐PD achieves a maximum responsivity of 59.89 mA W−1, a fast response speed of 202/331 µs, and a high on/off ratio of 636 at zero bias. Then, through introducing the back‐end circuit, a yellow light intensity meter is constructed with the NB‐PD. The absolute error and relative error of the light meter are estimated to be lower than 0.08 mW cm−2 and 4.22%, respectively, indicating the good capability for the yellow light monitoring. Given the simple device geometry and good performance, the achieved yellow light intensity meter can also be extended to other narrowband light detection system.
Strategy Toward Semiconducting Ti3C2Tx‐MXene: Phenylsulfonic Acid Groups Modified Ti3C2Tx as Photosensitive Material for Flexible Visual Sensory‐Neuromorphic System
Authors: Hu Chuqiao , Wei Zhongming , Li La , Shen Guozhen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe excellent electronic and electrochemical properties make 2D MXenes suitable candidates for sensors, batteries, and supercapacitors. However, the metallic‐like behavior of MXenes hinders their potential for optoelectronic devices such as photodetectors. In this study, the band gap of metalloid Ti3C2Tx MXene is successfully opened to 1.53 eV with phenylsulfonic acid groups and realized a transistor and high‐performance near‐infrared photodetector array for a flexible vision sensory‐neuromorphic system. The phenylsulfonic acid groups modified Ti3C2Tx MXene (S‐Ti3C2Tx)‐based flexible photodetector has a maximum responsivity of 8.50×102 A W−1 and a detectivity of 3.69×1011 Jones under 1064 nm laser irradiation. Moreover, the fabricated flexible vision sensory‐neuromorphic system for image recognition realizes a high recognition rate >0.99, leading to great potential in the field of biological visual simulation and biomimetic eye. Besides conventional devices with Au as the conductive electrodes, all Ti3C2Tx MXene‐based devices are also fabricated with S‐Ti3C2Tx as the photosensitive material and unmodified Ti3C2Tx as the conductive electrodes, exhibiting comparable optoelectronic performances.
All‐Impurities Scavenging, Safe Separators with Functional Metal‐Organic‐Frameworks for High‐Energy‐Density Li‐Ion Battery
Authors: Son Hye Bin , Cho Sujee , Baek Kyungeun , Jung Jaeho , Nam Seoha , Han Dong‐Yeob , Kang Seok Ju , Moon Hoi Ri , Park Soojin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLi‐ion batteries (LIBs) have wide applications owing to their high‐energy density and stable cycle characteristics. Nevertheless, with the rapid expansion of electric vehicle market, issues such as explosion of LIBs and the need to secure a longer driving distance have emerged. In this work, functional metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are introduced as a separator in LIBs, in which a highly heat‐resistant polymer separator is fabricated through electrospinning. The MOFs can scavenge impurities (including gas, water, and hydrofluoric acid) that positively affect battery performance and safety. The multi‐functional separator suppresses salt decomposition when a nickel‐rich cathode is operated at high voltage and high temperature through it. This delays the deterioration of the cathode interface and results in a superb cycle stability with 75% retention even in the presence of 500 ppm of water in the electrolytes. In addition, the pouch cell is manufactured by enlarging the separator, and the degree of electrode swelling due to gas generation and interface degradation in the pouch state is alleviated to 50% or less. These findings highlight the necessity of scavenging impurities to maintain excellent performance and provides the development direction of functional separators in LIBs.
Over 18.2%‐Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Exceptional Device Stability Enabled by Bay‐Area Benzamide‐Functionalized Perylene Diimide Interlayer
Authors: Mai Thi Le Huyen , Jeong Seonghun , Kim Seoyoung , Jung Sungwoo , Oh Jiyeon , Sun Zhe , Park Jeewon , Lee Seunglok , Kim Wonjun , Yang Changduk 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA simultaneous further increase in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and device stability of organic solar cells (OSCs) over the current levels needs to be overcome for their commercial viability. Herein, a bay‐area benzamide‐functionalized perylene diimide‐based electron transport layer, namely H75 is developed, to obtain the aforementioned characteristics. The advantages of H75‐employed OSCs include a notable PCE up to 18.26% and outstanding device stabilities under conditions of varying severity (>95% PCE retention after 1500 h upon long‐term aging and exceptional T80 lifetimes (the time required to reach 80% of initial performance) of over 1000 h in light‐soaking, 500 h in thermal stress at 85 °C, 72 h in 85% high relative humidity, and 100 h in atmospheric‐air conditions without encapsulation in conventional architecture). The excellent performance of H75‐employed OSC can be attributed to its various beneficial features derived from the bay‐area benzamide functionalities (e.g., excellent film‐forming ability, suitable energy level, reduced aggregation, and intrinsic high structural stability). The findings of this work provide further insights into the molecular design of electron transport layers for realizing more efficient and stable OSCs.
A Novel Hexaazatriphenylene Carboxylate with Compatible Binder as Anode for High‐Performance Organic Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zou Jincheng , Fu Cheng , Zhang Yong , Fan Kun , Chen Yuan , Zhang Chenyang , Zhang Guoqun , Dai Huichao , Cao Yueyue , Ma Jing , Wang Chengliang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOrganic electrode materials have attracted tremendous attention for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). Whereas, high‐performance anodes are scarcely reported. Herein, a novel hexaazatriphenylene potassium carboxylate (HAT‐COOK) is proposed as anode materials for PIBs. The rich CN/CO bonds guarantee the high theoretical capacity. It is also demonstrated HAT‐COOK is more compatible with the water‐soluble binders than the hydrophobic fluoride binders, forming homogenous electrode film, maintaining structural integrity, and achieving stable cycling and excellent rate performance. With the compatible binder, each HAT‐COOK molecule can involve 6‐electron transfer, yielding a high reversible discharge capacity of 288 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1, excellent rate performance (105 mAh g−1 at 5000 mA g−1), and good cycling stability (143 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 500 mA g−1). These results highlight the importance of the delicate molecular design of organic molecules as well as the optimization of binders to achieve high‐performance PIBs.
Biomimetically Assembled Sponge‐Like Hydrogels for Efficient Solar Water Purification
Authors: Lei Chuxin , Park Jungjoon , Guan Weixin , Zhao Yaxuan , Johnston Keith P. , Yu Guihua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHydrogel‐based evaporators for interfacial solar vapor generation (SVG) have emerged as a promising and sustainable strategy for freshwater production. Nevertheless, developing a green and simple approach in the fabrication of porous hydrogel‐based evaporators with tunable porous structures and superior mechanical properties continues to be a challenge. Herein, cryo‐assembled templating and polymerization (CTP) is proposed as an ecological, simple yet effective approach to synthesizing sponge‐like hydrogels (SPHs) with outstanding mechanical properties. Moreover, inspired by the structural geometry of conifer plants of radially aligned microchannels and vertical vessels granting impressive water transportation abilities, the polyzwitterionic SPH evaporators with biomimetically assembled structure (B‐SPH) raise the water transport rate by up to nearly 2 orders of magnitude compared to bulk hydrogels. The B‐SPH also enables an SVG rate up to ≈ 3.45 kg m−2 h−1 under one sun irradiation and an energy efficiency of ≈ 95%. In addition, the as‐prepared materials feature stable mechanical properties and SVG performance even after being rolled, folded, and twisted over hundred times. It is anticipated that the B‐SPH prepared by CTP method provides insights into scalable hydrogel‐based evaporators with elaborate porous structures and durable mechanical properties in an energy‐efficient manner.
Data‐Driven Approach to Tailoring Mechanical Properties of a Soft Material
Authors: Leem Juyoung , Jiang Yue , Robinson Ashley , Xia Yan , Zheng Xiaolin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractData‐driven, machine learning (ML)‐assisted approaches have been used to study structure‐property relationships at the atomic scale, which have greatly accelerated the screening process and new material discovery. However, such approaches are not easily applicable to modulating material properties of a soft material in a laboratory with specific ingredients. Moreover, it is desirable to relate material properties directly to the experimental recipes. Herein, a data‐driven approach to tailoring mechanical properties of a soft material is demonstrated using ML‐assisted predictions of mechanical properties based on experimental synthetic recipes. Polyurethane (PU) elastomer is used as a model soft material to demonstrate the approach and experimentally varied mechanical properties of the PU elastomer by modulating the mixing ratio between components of the elastomer. Twenty‐five experimental conditions are selected based on the design of experiment and use those data points to train a linear regression model. The resulting model takes desired mechanical properties as input and returns synthetic recipes of a soft material, which is subsequently validated by experiments. Lastly, the prediction accuracies of different machine learning algorithms is compared. It is believed that the approach is widely applicable to other material systems to establish experimental conditions and material property relationships for soft materials.
Cholesterol Metabolism Modulation Nanoplatform Improves Photo‐Immunotherapeutic Effect in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Cao Zichen , Song Chuanhui , Wei Zheng , Zhou Meng , Chen Si , Ran Jianchuan , Zhang Hongbo , Zou Huihui , Han Shengwei , Cai Yu , Han Wei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractImpressive results in cancer treatment have been obtained through immunotherapy. However, abnormally high cholesterol metabolism in the tumor microenvironment (TME) leads to poor immunogenicity or even immunosuppression, which dramatically reduces the clinical response of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to immunotherapy. In this study, a cholesterol‐modulating nanoplatform (PYT NP) is developed to restore the normal immune microenvironment, significantly inhibiting SQLE (an essential gene for cholesterol biosynthesis in tumor cells) by releasing terbinafine, thereby reducing cholesterol in the TME and suppressing tumor cell proliferation. In addition, the nanoplatform is equipped with a second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) photosensitizer, Y8, which triggers immunogenic cell death of tumor cells, thereby promoting intra‐tumor infiltration and immune activation via the production of damage‐associated molecular patterns for photoimmunotherapy. PYT NPs show great promise in stimulating strong cholesterol‐modulating anticancer immunity combined with photoimmunotherapy, opening up a new avenue for sensitized OSCC immunotherapy.
A Flexible and Biodegradable Piezoelectric‐Based Wearable Sensor for Non‐Invasive Monitoring of Dynamic Human Motions and Physiological Signals
Authors: Ali Mohsin , Hoseyni Seyed Morteza , Das Ritu , Awais Muhammad , Basdogan Ipek , Beker Levent 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecent progress in flexible sensors and piezoelectric materials has enabled the development of continuous monitoring systems for human physiological signals as wearable and implantable medical devices. However, their non‐degradable characteristics also lead to the generation of a significant amount of non‐decomposable electronic waste (e‐waste) and necessitate a secondary surgery for implant removal. Herein, a flexible and biodegradable piezoelectric material for wearable and implantable devices that addresses the problem of secondary surgery and e‐waste while providing a high‐performance platform for continuous and seamless monitoring of human physiological signals and tactile stimuli is provided. The novel composition of bioresorbable poly(l‐lactide) and glycine leads to flexible piezoelectric devices for non‐invasive measurement of artery pulse signals in near‐surface arteries and slight movement of the muscle, including the trachea, esophagus, and movements of joints. The complete degradability of piezoelectric film in phosphate‐buffered saline at 37 °C is also shown. The developed pressure sensor exhibits high sensitivity of 13.2 mV kPa−1with a response time of 10 ms and shows good mechanical stability. This piezoelectric material has comparable performance to commonly used non‐degradable piezoelectric materials for measuring physiological signals. It can also be used in temporary implantable medical devices for monitoring due to its degradable nature.
Electrical Conductivity and Photodetection in 3D‐Printed Nanoporous Structures via Solution‐Processed Functional Materials
Authors: Xia Kai , Dong Zheqin , Sun Qing , Debastiani Rafaela , Liu Sida , Jin Qihao , Li Yang , Paetzold Ulrich W. , Gumbsch Peter , Lemmer Uli , Eggeler Yolita M. , Levkin Pavel A. , Hernandez‐Sosa Gerardo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract3D‐printed conductive structures are highly attractive due to their great potential for customizable electronic devices. While the traditional 3D printing of metal requires high temperatures to sinter metal powders or polymer/metal composites, low or room temperature processes will be advantageous to enable multi‐material deposition and integration of optoelectronic applications. Herein, digital light processing technology and inkjet printing are combined as an effective strategy to fabricate customized 3D conductive structures. In this approach, a 3D‐printed nanoporous (NPo) polymeric material is used as a substrate onto which a nanoparticle‐based Ag ink is printed. SEM and X‐ray nano computed tomography (nanoCT) measurements show that the porous morphology of the pristine NPo is retained after deposition and annealing of the Ag ink. By optimizing the deposition conditions, conductive structures with sheet resistance <2 Ω sq−1 are achieved when annealing at temperatures as low as 100 °C. Finally, the integration of an inkjet‐printed photodetector is investigated based on an organic semiconductor active layer onto the NPo substrate. Thus, the potential of this approach is demonstrated for the additive manufacturing of functional 3D‐printed optoelectronic devices.
Unclonable MXene Topographies as Robust Anti‐Counterfeiting Tags via Fast Laser Scanning and Siamese Neural Networks
Authors: Jing Lin , Si Huachun , Chen Tianle , Hsiao Li‐Yin , Yang Haochen , Little Joshua M. , Li Kerui , Li Shuo , Xie Qian , Chen Po‐Yen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn ideal anti‐counterfeiting technology is desired to be unclonable, nondestructive, mass‐producible, and accompanied with fast and robust authentication under various external influences. Although multiple anti‐counterfeiting technologies have been reported, few meet all of the above‐mentioned features. Herein, a mechanically driven patterning process is reported to produce higher dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene topographies in a scalable yet unclonable manner, which can be used as anti‐counterfeiting tags. By using a high‐speed confocal laser microscopy, the complex topographies can be extracted within one minute and then reconstructed into 3D physical unclonable function (PUF) keys. Meanwhile, a Siamese neural network model and a feature‐tracking software are built to achieve a pick‐and‐check strategy, enabling highly accurate, robust, disturbance‐insensitive tag authentication in practical exploitations. The 3D PUF key‐based anti‐counterfeiting technology features with several advances, including ultrahigh encoding capacities (≈10144 000‐107 800 000), fast processing times (<1 min), and high authentication accuracy under various external disturbances, including tag rotations (≈0°‒360°), tag dislocation(s) in x(y) directions (≈0%‒100%), tag shifts in z‐direction (≈0%‒28%), tag tilts (≈0°‒5°), differences in contrasts (20%‒60%) and laser power (6.0‒9.0 µW). The anti‐counterfeiting technology promises information security, encoding capacity, and authentication efficiency for the manufacturer‐distributor‐customer distribution processes.
Second Harmonic Generation in Exfoliated Few‐Layer ReS2
Authors: Song Ying , Shan Yuwei , Wang Weiming , Chang Kainan , Zheng Ze , Shi Zhiming , Li Dabing , Cheng Jin Luo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe second harmonic generation (SHG) is systematically investigated in mechanically exfoliated, few‐layer ReS2 samples. The stacking orders are identified as (AA)nA and (ABy)nA for (2n+1)‐layer samples and (AA)n and (ABy)n for 2n‐layer samples. The layer structure A stands for that of a monolayer, and the layer structure By is mirror to A followed by a one‐tenth unit cell translation along the mirror axis, that is, the b‐axis of the crystal. Only the even‐layer samples with (ABy)n stacking order are SHG active. After carefully extracting the effective bulk susceptibility for SHG, it is found that the spectra are greatly enhanced as the fundamental photon energy matches exciton levels. The polarization dependence is strongly anisotropic, and each susceptibility component shows very different wavelength dependence. The results demonstrate that few‐layer ReS2, with its unique SHG, can be considered as an ideal platform for fundamental research in anisotropic nonlinear optics.