bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contributions to auditory system conduction velocity: insights with multi-modal neuroimaging and machine learning in children with ASD and XYY syndrome
Authors: Berman Jeffrey I. , Bloy Luke , Blaskey Lisa , Jackel Carissa R. , Miller Judith S. , Ross Judith , Edgar J. Christopher , Roberts Timothy P. L. 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionThe M50 electrophysiological auditory evoked response time can be measured at the superior temporal gyrus with magnetoencephalography (MEG) and its latency is related to the conduction velocity of auditory input passing from ear to auditory cortex. In children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and certain genetic disorders such as XYY syndrome, the auditory M50 latency has been observed to be elongated (slowed).MethodsThe goal of this study is to use neuroimaging (diffusion MR and GABA MRS) measures to predict auditory conduction velocity in typically developing (TD) children and children with autism ASD and XYY syndrome.ResultsNon-linear TD support vector regression modeling methods accounted for considerably more M50 latency variance than linear models, likely due to the non-linear dependence on neuroimaging factors such as GABA MRS. While SVR models accounted for ~80% of the M50 latency variance in TD and the genetically homogenous XYY syndrome, a similar approach only accounted for ~20% of the M50 latency variance in ASD, implicating the insufficiency of diffusion MR, GABA MRS, and age factors alone. Biologically based stratification of ASD was performed by assessing the conformance of the ASD population to the TD SVR model and identifying a sub-population of children with unexpectedly long M50 latency.DiscussionMultimodal integration of neuroimaging data can help build a mechanistic understanding of brain connectivity. The unexplained M50 latency variance in ASD motivates future hypothesis generation and testing of other contributing biological factors.
Long-term outcomes of the recovery approach in a high-security mental health setting: a 20 year follow-up study
Authors: Thomson Lindsay , Rees Cheryl 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThis study examined the outcomes of a descriptive, longitudinal cohort consisting of 241 patients initially examined in a population study at the high secure State Hospital for Scotland and Northern Ireland in 1992–93. A partial follow-up focusing on patients with schizophrenia was conducted in 2000–01, followed by a comprehensive 20 year follow-up that began in 2014.AimsTo explore what happens to patients who required high secure care during a 20 year follow-up period.MethodPreviously collected data were amalgamated with newly collected information to examine the recovery journey since baseline. Various sources were employed, including patient and keyworker interviews, case note reviews, and extraction from health and national records, and Police Scotland datasets.ResultsOver half of the cohort (56.0%) with available data resided outside secure services at some point during the follow-up period (mean 19.2 years), and only 12% of the cohort were unable to transition out of high secure care. The symptoms of psychosis improved, with statistically significant reductions observed in reported delusions, depression, and flattened affect. Reported sadness [according to the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)] at baseline, first, and 20 year follow-up interviews was negatively correlated with the questionnaire about the process of recovery (QPR) scores at the 20 year follow-up. However, qualitative data depicted progress and personal development. According to societal measures, there was little evidence of sustained social or functional recovery. The overall conviction rate post-baseline was 22.7%, with 7.9% violent recidivism. The cohort exhibited poor morbidity and mortality, with 36.9% of the cohort dying, primarily from natural causes (91%).ConclusionsOverall, the findings showed positive outcomes in terms of movement out of high-security settings, symptom improvement, and low levels of recidivism. Notably, this cohort experienced a high rate of deaths and poor physical morbidity, along with a lack of sustained social recovery, particularly among those who had negotiated a path through services and who were current residents in the community. Social engagement, enhanced during residence in low secure or open ward settings, diminished significantly during the transition to the community. This is likely a result of self-protective measures adopted to mitigate societal stigma and the shift from a communal environment. Subjective depressive symptoms may impact broader aspects of recovery.
Adherence to antipsychotic laboratory monitoring guidelines in children and youth: a population-based study
Authors: Antoniou Tony , Wang Tianru , Pajer Kathleen , Gardner William , Lunsky Yona , Penner Melanie , Tadrous Mina , Mamdani Muhammad , Juurlink David N. , Gomes Tara 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundIn 2011, the Canadian Alliance for Monitoring Effectiveness and Safety of Antipsychotics in Children (CAMESA) published guidelines for the metabolic monitoring of antipsychotic-treated children and youth. Population-based studies examining adherence to these guidelines are needed to ensure the safe use of antipsychotics in children and youth.MethodsWe conducted a population-based study of all Ontario residents aged 0 to 24 who were newly dispensed an antipsychotic between April 1, 2018, and March 31, 2019. We estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) associating sociodemographic characteristics with the receipt of baseline and follow-up (3- and 6-month) laboratory testing using log-Poisson regression models.ResultsOverall, 6,505 of 27,718 (23.5%) children and youth newly dispensed an antipsychotic received at least one guideline-recommended baseline test. Monitoring was more prevalent among individuals aged 10 to 14 years (PR 1.20; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.38), 15 to 19 years (PR 1.60; 95% CI 1.41 to 1.82), and 20 to 24 years (PR 1.71; 95% CI 1.50 to 1.94) compared to children under the age of 10. Baseline monitoring was associated with mental health-related hospitalizations or emergency department visits in the year preceding therapy (PR 1.76; 95% CI 1.65 to 1.87), a prior diagnosis of schizophrenia (PR 1.20; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.26) or diabetes (PR 1.35; 95% CI 1.19 to 1.54), benzodiazepine use (PR 1.13; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.24), and receipt of a prescription from a child and adolescent psychiatrist or developmental pediatrician versus a family physician (PR 1.41; 95% CI 1.34 to 1.48). Conversely, monitoring was less frequent in individuals co-prescribed stimulants (PR 0.83; 95% CI 0.75 to 0.91). The prevalence of any 3- and 6-month follow-up monitoring among children and youth receiving continuous antipsychotic therapy at these time points was 13.0% (1,179 of 9,080) and 11.4% (597 of 5,261), respectively. Correlates of follow-up testing were similar to those of baseline monitoring.ConclusionMost children initiating antipsychotic therapy do not receive guideline-recommended metabolic laboratory monitoring. Further research is needed to understand reasons for poor guideline adherence and the role of clinician training and collaborative service models in promoting best monitoring practices.
A synthesis of concepts of resilience to inform operationalization of health systems resilience in recovery from disruptive public health events including COVID-19
Authors: McDarby Geraldine , Seifeldin Redda , Zhang Yu , Mustafa Saqif , Petrova Mila , Schmets Gerard , Porignon Denis , Dalil Suraya , Saikat Sohel 
Published: May 2023

This article is part of the Research Topic ‘Health Systems Recovery in the Context of COVID-19 and Protracted Conflict’Health systems resilience has become a ubiquitous concept as countries respond to and recover from crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, war and conflict, natural disasters, and economic stressors inter alia. However, the operational scope and definition of health systems resilience to inform health systems recovery and the building back better agenda have not been elaborated in the literature and discourse to date. When widely used terms and their operational definitions appear nebulous or are not consistently used, it can perpetuate misalignment between stakeholders and investments. This can hinder progress in integrated approaches such as strengthening primary health care (PHC) and the essential public health functions (EPHFs) in health and allied sectors as well as hinder progress toward key global objectives such as recovering and sustaining progress toward universal health coverage (UHC), health security, healthier populations, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper represents a conceptual synthesis based on 45 documents drawn from peer-reviewed papers and gray literature sources and supplemented by unpublished data drawn from the extensive operational experience of the co-authors in the application of health systems resilience at country level. The results present a synthesis of global understanding of the concept of resilience in the context of health systems. We report on different aspects of health systems resilience and conclude by proposing a clear operational definition of health systems resilience that can be readily applied by different stakeholders to inform current global recovery and beyond.
Predictors of food insecurity among older adults before and during COVID-19 in the United States
Authors: Nicklett Emily Joy , Cheng Greta Jianjia , Morris Zachary A. 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has strained the health and wellbeing of older adult populations through increased morbidity, mortality, and social exclusion. However, the impact of COVID-19 on the health of older adults through food security has received relatively little attention, despite the strong impact of diet quality on the health and longevity of older adults.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to identify sociodemographic and socioeconomic predictors of self-reported food insecurity before and early in the COVID-19 pandemic among community-dwelling older adults in the United States.MethodsUsing longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative sample of middle-aged and older adults in the United States, we examined the associations between sociodemographic and socioeconomic predictors of self-reported food insecurity between 2018 (N = 2,413) and June 2020 (N = 2,216) using population-weighted multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsThe prevalence of food insecurity doubled among participants from 2018 (4.83%) to June 2020 (9.54%). In 2018, non-Hispanic Black and rural residents were more likely to report food insecurity, while individuals with higher education and greater wealth were less likely to report food insecurity in adjusted models. In June 2020, those who were relatively younger, not working due to a disability, and renting were more likely to report food insecurity. Those with an increased number of functional limitations, a recent onset of a work-limiting disability, and those who were no longer homeowners experienced an elevated longitudinal risk for food insecurity.ConclusionFuture research should examine effective policies and interventions to address the disproportionate impacts of COVID-19 on populations at a heightened risk of experiencing food insecurity.
Acceptance of recommended vaccinations during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study in Southern Italy
Authors: Licata Francesca , Romeo Marika , Riillo Concetta , Di Gennaro Gianfranco , Bianco Aida 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundVaccine administration is a recommended, safe, and effective measure to protect pregnant women against vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). Despite available guidance, maternal immunization rates for vaccination against influenza and with the reduced antigen content tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) in Italy remain incredibly low. The primary goal of the study was to explore what Italian pregnant women knew about VPDs and immunization during pregnancy and what factors affected their decision to be vaccinated.MethodsThis cross-sectional study took place between October 2021 and April 2022 in the Southern part of Italy. All consecutive pregnant women, from those attending the selected facilities on randomly selected days, were approached to request participation. The inclusion criteria for participation were age ≥18 years, the ability to understand, speak, and read Italian, and being pregnant at any gestational age. The questionnaire, using a combination of checkboxes and free text answers, consisted of 32 items divided into five parts and lasted ~10 min.ResultsThe results showed that 61% knew that the influenza vaccine is recommended and 48.7% knew that influenza could be risky during pregnancy; 74.1% wrongly reported that the Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended during pregnancy. Seven out of 10 pregnant women believed that strong evidence supported the safety of vaccinations during pregnancy, and more than half (55.6%) thought they were at increased risk of severe illness with COVID-19. Women in the sample believed that vaccines received during pregnancy pose a risk of adverse events to the unborn child with a median value of 6 (IQR 3–9), on a scale ranging from 1 to 10. Similarly, the fear of contracting pertussis and influenza during pregnancy showed a median value of 6 (IQR 3–9) and 5 (IQR 3–8), respectively. Only 21.1% and 36.5% of women received influenza and Tdap vaccines during pregnancy.ConclusionUnrealistic risk perception with a negative attitude toward vaccines in pregnancy and a low percentage of vaccinated pregnant women confirm the urgency of training women to make informed choices to increase overall vaccine uptake.
Establishing a genomic radiation-age association for space exploration supplements lung disease differentiation
Authors: Ruprecht Nathan A. , Singhal Sonalika , Schaefer Kalli , Gill Jappreet S. , Bansal Benu , Sens Donald , Singhal Sandeep K. 
Published: May 2023

PurposeOne possible way to quantify each individual's response or damage from ionizing radiation is to estimate their accelerated biological age following exposure. Since there is currently no definitive way to know if biological age estimations are accurate, we aim to establish a rad-age association using genomics as its foundation.MethodsTwo datasets were combined and used to empirically find the age cutoff between young and old patients. With age as both a categorical and continuous variable, two other datasets that included radiation exposure are used to test the interaction between radiation and age. The gene lists are oriented in preranked lists for both pathway and diseases analysis. Finally, these genes are used to evaluate another dataset on the clinical relevance in differentiating lung disease given ethnicity and sex using both pairwise t-tests and linear models.ResultsUsing 12 well-known genes associated with aging, a threshold of 29-years-old was found to be the difference between young and old patients. The two interaction tests yielded 234 unique genes such that pathway analysis flagged IL-1 signaling and PRPP biosynthesis as significant with high cell proliferation diseases and carcinomas being a common trend. LAPTM4B was the only gene with significant interaction among lung disease, ethnicity, and sex, with fold change greater than two.ConclusionThe results corroborate an initial association between radiation and age, given inflammation and metabolic pathways and multiple genes emphasizing mitochondrial function, oxidation, and histone modification. Being able to tie rad-age genes to lung disease supplements future work for risk assessment following radiation exposure.
Experiences of Spanish nurses in the rollout of nurse prescribing: a qualitative study
Authors: Canet-Vélez Olga , Jodar-Solà Gloria , Martín-Royo Jaume , Mateo Enric , Casañas Rocio , Galbany-Estragués Paola 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionNurse prescribing has legal recognition in Spain, after a long regulatory process, with confusing, changing legislation that does not fully coincide with the reality of nurses' practice. There is currently no research available on how nurses have experienced the rollout of nurse prescribing. The objective of this study is to describe the experiences of nurses in the rollout of nurse prescribing in the province of Barcelona, Spain.MethodA descriptive qualitative study with intentional sampling was carried out between March 2021 and July 2022. The data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews and discussion groups. The participants were 24 nurses working in the province of Barcelona who were accredited in nurse prescribing or involved in the rollout of nurse prescribing. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis, following Braun and Clark. The COREQ checklist was used to report findings.ResultsWe describe nurses' responses on the following themes: internal and external barriers; strategies to support nurse prescribing in the initial rollout and proposals for improvement; and factors linked to nurses' satisfaction.DiscussionThe regulatory process has provided a safety framework for nurse prescribing. Strategies are needed for its comprehensive development and its acceptance among the public. The findings give visibility to nurse prescribing internationally.
How does diabetic peripheral neuropathy impact patients' burden of illness and the economy? A retrospective study in Beijing, China
Authors: Pan Qi , Fei Sijia , Zhang Lina , Chen Huan , Luo Jingyi , Wang Weihao , Xiao Fei , Guo Lixin 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveDiabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) causes significant illness in patients and has a negative impact on the economy. The objective of this study is to evaluate the cost and quantity of anti-diabetic drugs needed by patients with or without DPN, as well as their variation trends in Beijing between 2016 and 2018.MethodsThis observational cross-sectional study used data on diabetic patients with outpatient medication records obtained from Beijing Medical Insurance from 2016 to 2018. The medications, comorbidities, diabetes-related complications, treatment strategies, and costs of drug treatment were compared between DPN patients and non-DPN patients.ResultsOf the 28,53,036 diabetic patients included in the study, 3,75,216 (13.15%) had DPN and 1,87,710 (50.03%) of the DPN patients were women. Compared with non-DPN patients, DPN patients used more mediations (4.7 ± 2.47 vs. 3.77 ± 2.32, p &lt; 0.0001, in 2018) to treat related complications and comorbidities (2.03 ± 1.2 vs. 1.71 ± 1.05; 2.68 ± 1.93 vs. 2.06 ± 1.86, p &lt; 0.0001, respectively, in 2018). The total annual costs of drug treatment were higher in DPN patients than in non-DPN patients (¥12583.25 ± 10671.48 vs. ¥9810.91 ± 9234.14, p &lt; 0.0001, in 2018). The usage of DDP4i increased from 2.55 to 6.63% in non-DPN patients and from 4.45 to 10.09% in DPN patients from 2017 to 2018.ConclusionsThe number of comorbidities, diabetic complications, medications, and annual drug treatment costs were greater in DPN patients than in non-DPN patients.
Yeast Mixtures for Postharvest Biocontrol of Diverse Fungal Rots on Citrus limon var Eureka
Authors: Edward-Rajanayagam Rose Meena Amirthanayagam , Narváez-Zapata José Alberto , Ramírez-González María del Socorro , de la Cruz-Arguijo Erika Alicia , López-Meyer Melina , Larralde-Corona Claudia Patricia 
Published: May 2023

Mexico is among the most important citrus fruit producers in the world. However, during storage, several problems related to fungi can arise. The most common fungal postharvest diseases detected on Citrus limon var Eureka (Italian lime) produced in the Tamaulipas state are green/blue mold (Penicillium spp.), fusarium rot (F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. proliferatum, among others), and anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.). In this work, we selected yeasts, occurring as the natural epiphytic mycoflora of lemons or from fermented traditional products, to be tested as part of a formulation for protecting stored lemons against fungal diseases. The best-performing yeasts, labeled as LCBG-03 (Meyerozyma guilliermondii), LCBG-30 (Pseudozyma sp.), and LCBG-49 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), were selected to test their compatibility and biocontrol performance against strains of Penicillium digitatum (AL-38), Fusarium sp. (AL-21), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (AL-13), and Epicoccum sorghinum (H3A). Based on their in vitro performance regarding the percentage of radial growth inhibition, both applied individually or as two yeasts mixed at equal cellular concentrations, the best combinations (containing M. guilliermondii formulated with either Pseudozyma sp. or S. cerevisiae) were selected with efficacies higher than 95% in both in vitro fungal radial growth rate inhibition and on stored lemon fruits. This work contributes to the search for compatible yeast combinations with the aim to diminish the fungal losses of citrus fruits using biocontrol for citrus postharvest protection.
Pemerolehan Bahasa Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun di BIMBA AIUEO Merpati
Authors: Sarifah Riski Nur , Utami Zahwa Febby 
Published: May 2023

Not a few parents trust BIMBA AIUEO as a good place to learn languages. This article will describe children's language acquisition that occurs in language tutoring places. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques using several methods such as observation for preliminary studies, interviews to collect data to be analyzed, also recording and observing. After getting the data then it is classified and tabulated. The results of the study can be concluded that (1) language acquisition occurs naturally, (2) language acquisition is influenced by biological factors, and (3) children's language acquisition is also influenced by the socio-cultural environment.Keywords: language; gain, childAbstrak Tidak sedikit orang tua yang mempercayai BIMBA AIUEO sebagai tempat untuk belajar bahasa dengan baik. Artike ini akan memaparkan pemerolehan bahasa anak yang terjadi di tempat bimbingan bahasa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan beberapa cara seperti observasi untuk studi pendahuluan, wawancara untuk mengambil data yang akan dianalisis, juga melakukan rekaman dan pengamatan. Setelah mendapatkan data kemudian diklasifikasikan dan ditabulasi. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa, (1) pemerolehan bahasa terjadi secara alamiah, (2) pemerolehan bahasa dipengaruhi oleh faktor biologis, dan (3) pemerolehan bahasa anak juga dipengaruhi lingkungan sosial-budaya.Kata kunci: bahasa; pemerolehan, anak