bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of rapid antigen tests for Omicron subvariants of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Sakai‐Tagawa Yuko , Yamayoshi Seiya , Halfmann Peter J. , Wilson Nancy , Bobholz Max , Vuyk William C. , Wei Wanting , Ries Hunter , O'Connor David H. , Friedrich Thomas C. , Sordillo Emilia M. , van Bakel Harm , Simon Viviana , Kawaoka Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDiagnosis by rapid antigen tests (RATs) is useful for early initiation of antiviral treatment. Because RATs are easy to use, they can be adapted for self‐testing. Several kinds of RATs approved for such use by the Japanese regulatory authority are available from drug stores and websites. Most RATs for COVID‐19 are based on antibody detection of the SARS‐CoV‐2 N protein. Since Omicron and its subvariants have accumulated several amino acid substitutions in the N protein, such amino acid changes might affect the sensitivity of RATs. Here, we investigated the sensitivity of seven RATs available in Japan, six of which are approved for public use and one of which is approved for clinical use, for the detection of BA.5, BA.2.75, BF.7, XBB.1, and BQ.1.1, as well as the delta variant (B.1.627.2). All tested RATs detected the delta variant with a detection level between 7500 and 75 000 pfu per test, and all tested RATs showed similar sensitivity to the Omicron variant and its subvariants (BA.5, BA.2.75, BF.7, XBB.1, and BQ.1.1). Human saliva did not reduce the sensitivity of the RATs tested. Espline SARS‐CoV‐2 N showed the highest sensitivity followed by Inspecter KOWA SARS‐CoV‐2 and V Trust SARS‐CoV‐2 Ag. Since the RATs failed to detect low levels of infectious virus, individuals whose specimens contained less infectious virus than the detection limit would be considered negative. Therefore, it is important to note that RATs may miss individuals shedding low levels of infectious virus.
Using a novel convolutional neural network for plant pests detection and disease classification
Authors: Shafik Wasswa , Tufail Ali , Liyanage Chandratilak De Silva , Apong Rosyzie Anna Awg Haji Mohd 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundEarly plant diseases and pests identification reduces social, economic, and environmental deficiencies entailing toxic chemical utilization on agricultural farms, thus posing a threat to global food security.MethodologyAn enhanced convolutional neural network (CNN) along with long short‐term memory (LSTM) using a majority voting ensemble classifier has been proposed to tackle plant pest and disease identification and classification. Within pre‐trained models, deep feature extractions have been obtained from connected layers. Deep features have been extracted and are sent to the LSTM layer to build a robust, enhanced LSTM‐CNN model for detecting plant pests and diseases. Experiments were carried out using a Turkey dataset, with 4447 apple pests and diseases categorized into 15 different classes.ResultsThe study was evaluated in different CNNs using logistic regression (LR), LSTM, and extreme learning machine (ELM), focusing on plant disease detection problems. The ensemble majority voting classifier was used at the LSTM layer to detect and classify plant disease labels. Furthermore, an autonomous selection of the optimal LSTM layer network parameters was applied. Finally, the performance was validated based on sensitivity,F1score, accuracy, and specificity using LSTM, ELM, and LR classifiers.ConclusionThe presented model attained 99.2% accuracy compared to the cutting‐edge models on different classifiers such as LSTM, LR, and ELM, and performed better compared to transfer learning. Pre‐trained models, such as VGG19, VGG18, and AlexNet, demonstrated better accuracy when the fc6 layer was compared with other layers. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Preparation of fat replacer utilizing gluten and barley β‐glucan and the interaction between them
Authors: Huang Ze‐Hua , Zhao Yang , Hu Zhe‐Xin , Ma Liang , Geng Shi‐Zhao , Chen Ke‐Ying , Zhou Hui‐Ming 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDFat replacers prepared from polysaccharides and proteins possess functional properties of both polysaccharides and proteins. In this study, an aqueous system of barley β‐glucan (BBG) and gluten was prepared. The interactions between BBG and gluten (with/without extrusion modification) were studied. Triple analysis methods, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR), were utilized to analyze the freezing–thawing and thermal evaporation process, as well as the distribution state of water. Meanwhile, fluorescence microscopic analysis, dynamic rheological analysis and electrophoresis analysis were used to study the structure and rheological properties of the system.RESULTSThe results showed that BBG significantly increased the water‐holding capacity of gluten, regardless of extrusion treatment, with the water absorption reaching about 4.8 to 6.4 times of its weight, which was 1 to 2.5 times higher than that without BBG. The triple analysis results suggested that BBG increased the binding capacity of the system to weakly bound water, hindered the aggregation of gluten and reduced the thermal decomposition temperature of the BBG and gluten composite system. After the gluten was extruded and homogenized with the BBG solution, the appearance of the composite system was more uniform and delicate.CONCLUSIONSIn conclusion, BBG increased the water‐holding capacity of the BBG and gluten composite system. With these changes, the composite system presented great potential for the preparation of polysaccharide–gluten fat replacer. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Fine root and soil nutrients pool in the ecosystem following two scenarios of reconstruction—post‐fire and post‐mining large‐scale disturbance
Authors: Świątek Bartłomiej , Gruba Piotr , Pietrzykowski Marcin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study compares the concentration and quantitative ratios of macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, and potassium) in the litter and fine roots of various species stands, comprising Scots pine, Common birch, and European larch, in the context of nutrient pool formation and nutrient uptake efficiency in various regeneration scenarios and the reconstruction of forest ecosystems. The control plots were located on podzols in the natural habitats. The performed experiments showed that in all species scenarios, the nitrogen pool supplied to the soil with fine roots was equivalent to the pool supplied with the leaves; furthermore, in the case of phosphorus, the pool was even higher than the one reaching the soil through under‐canopy litterfall. However, the total amount of nutrients supplied to the soil by the birch, larch, and pine in different afforestation scenarios varied. Scots pine was the species that supplied the largest amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus in the reconstructed forest ecosystems, while birch was the species that provided the largest amounts of total nitrogen and phosphorus in the regenerated and control forest ecosystems.
Exogenous tetracosahexaenoic acid modifies the fatty acid composition of human primary T lymphocytes and Jurkat T cell leukemia cells contingent on cell type
Authors: Irvine Nicola A. , West Annette L. , Von Gerichten Johanna , Miles Elizabeth A. , Lillycrop Karen A. , Calder Philip C. , Fielding Barbara A. , Burdge Graham C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTetracosahexaenoic acid (24:6ω‐3) is an intermediate in the conversion of 18:3ω‐3 to 22:6ω‐3 in mammals. There is limited information about whether cells can assimilate and metabolize exogenous 24:6ω‐3. This study compared the effect of incubation with 24:6ω‐3 on the fatty acid composition of two related cell types, primary CD3+ T lymphocytes and Jurkat T cell leukemia, which differ in the integrity of the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biosynthesis pathway. 24:6ω‐3 was only detected in either cell type when cells were incubated with 24:6ω‐3. Incubation with 24:6ω‐3 induced similar increments in the amount of 22:6ω‐3 in both cell types and modified the homeoviscous adaptations fatty acid composition induced by activation of T lymphocytes. The effect of incubation with 18:3ω‐3 compared to 24:6ω‐3 on the increment in 22:6ω‐3 was tested in Jurkat cells because primary T cells cannot convert 18:3ω‐3 to 22:6ω‐3. The increment in the 22:6ω‐3 content of Jurkat cells incubated with 24:6ω‐3 was 19.5‐fold greater than that of cells incubated with 18:3ω‐3. Acyl‐coA oxidase siRNA knockdown decreased the amount of 22:6ω‐3 and increased the amount of 24:6ω‐3 in Jurkat cells. These findings show exogenous 24:6ω‐3 can be incorporated into primary human T lymphocytes and Jurkat cells and induces changes in fatty acid composition consistent with its conversion to 22:6ω‐3 via a mechanism involving peroxisomal β‐oxidation that is regulated independently from the integrity of the upstream PUFA synthesis pathway. One further implication is that consuming 24:6ω‐3 may be an effective alternative means of achieving health benefits attributed to 20:5ω‐3 and 22:6ω‐3.
Anisotropic Thermo‐Optic Mach–Zehnder Interferometer on LNOI for Polarization Handling and Multiplexing
Authors: Song Lijia , Liu Weixi , Guo Zehao , Li Hanwen , Xie Yiwei , Yu Zejie , Li Huan , Shi Yaocheng , Dai Daoxin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThin‐film lithium niobate (LN) on insulator (LNOI) is emerging as a promising integrated photonic platform. Thermo‐optic (TO) Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) on LNOI are demonstrated to be a viable and often preferred alternative to their electro‐optic counterparts for low‐speed and static applications, where stability and repeatability are crucial. Harnessing the unique and strong anisotropic TO effect of LN, a novel and versatile anisotropic TO MZI on x‐cut LNOI for polarization handling and multiplexing is proposed and experimentally implemented. Each MZI arm consists of a two‐section anisotropic TO phase shifter along the y‐ and z‐directions of the LN crystal, leading to anisotropic temperature dependence of the effective refractive indices for the transverse‐electric (TE) and transverse‐magnetic (TM) polarizations. A polarization‐insensitive switch and a polarization beam splitter are implemented with the MZI device, which features low excess loss of ≈0.2–1.8 dB and a high extinction ratio of ≈20–45 dB in the telecom C‐band (1530–1565 nm). More intriguingly, arbitrary splitting ratios and even arbitrary combinations of unitary transmission matrices can be further implemented for both polarizations simultaneously. The versatile configurations of this anisotropic TO MZI have important implications for large‐scale photonic computing and interconnect.
Polystyrene/Polyolefin Elastomer Blends Loaded with Halloysite Nanotubes: Morphological, Mechanical, and Gas Barrier Properties
Authors: Tayouri Mohammad Iman , Estaji Sara , Mousavi Seyed Rasoul , Yazdanbakhsh Amirhosein , Nouranian Sasan , Ruckdäschel Holger , Khonakdar Hossein Ali 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHerein, a simple melt‐blending method is utilized to disperse of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) in polystyrene/polyolefin elastomer (PS/POE) blends. Based on morphological studies, the PS/POE/HNT nanocomposite containing up to 3 phr HNTs shows excellent nanofiller dispersion, while those filled with 5 phr HNTs exhibit nanofiller aggregation. To overcome the nanofiller aggregation issue, the polypropylene‐grafted‐maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MA) compatibilizer is added to the PS/POE/HNT nanocomposite, which results in improved mechanical properties for the nanocomposite sheets. Furthermore, the addition of compatibilized HNTs to the PS/POE blends leads to decreased O2and N2gas permeabilities. Besides, incorporating POE, HNTs, and PP‐g‐MA leads to a decrease in water vapor transmission of PS. In the end, the experimentally‐determined mechanical properties and gas permeabilities of the nanocomposite sheets are compared to those predicted by prevalent theoretical models, revealing a good agreement between the experimental and theoretical results. Molecular‐dynamics simulations are also carried out to calculate the gas diffusion coefficients in the different sheets to further support the experimental findings in this study. Overall, the PS/POE/HNT/PP‐g‐MA nanocomposite sheets fabricated in this work demonstrate excellent mechanical and gas barrier properties; and hence, can be used as candidate packaging materials. However, the strength of the resulting PS/POE blend may be inferior to that of the virgin PS.
The application of neuromarketing tools in communication research: A comprehensive review of trends
Authors: Casado‐Aranda Luis‐Alberto , Sánchez‐Fernández Juan , Bigne Enrique , Smidts Ale 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study provides an overview of the evolution of the body of knowledge, current research streams, potential new domains, and theoretical models of interest for neuromarketing research developed in the field of communication. Neuromarketing is defined here as research applying psychophysiological or neuroscience methods in communication. We particularly implemented a comprehensive analysis of 861 publications using keyword cooccurrence analysis and science mapping tools. The performance analysis shows a strong growth in the number of publications over the last decade, with a slight declining impact in terms of citations after reaching a peak around the turn of the century. Contributions published in journals in business and communication fields (and not psychology or neuroimaging) are those with the largest average citations per year. The evolution diagrams highlight that the use of brain imaging tools to study ad persuasion in virtual environments and social marketing contexts (e.g., health or sustainable communication), as well as the employment of novel metrics (neural synchronization) and deep learning methods to analyze data, constitute fruitful research streams in the application of neuromarketing tools in communication research. These results offer communication scholars an accurate insight on recent scientific research applying neuromarketing that can shape further studies.
Astaxanthin Supplementation Assists Sorafenib in Slowing Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in H22 Tumor‐Bearing Mice via Reversing Abnormal Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Ren Pengfei , Yu Xinyue , Tang Qingjuan , Huan Yuchen , Xu Jie , Wang Yuming , Xue Changhu 
Published: May 2023

ScopeCachexia, which is often marked by skeletal muscular atrophy, is one of the leading causes of death in cancer patients. Astaxanthin, a carotenoid obtained from marine organisms that can aid in the prevention and treatment of a variety of disorders. In this study, to assess whether astaxanthin ameliorates weight loss and skeletal muscle atrophy in sorafenib‐treated hepatocellular carcinoma mice is aimed.Methods and resultsH22 mice are treated with 30 mg kg−1 day−1 of sorafenib and 60 mg kg−1 day−1 of astaxanthin by gavage lasted for 18 days. Sorafenib does not delay skeletal muscle atrophy and weight loss, although it does not reduce tumor burden. Astaxanthin dramatically delays weight loss and skeletal muscle atrophy in sorafenib‐treating mice, without affecting the food intake. Astaxanthin inhibits the tumor glycolysis, slows down gluconeogenesis, and improves insulin resistance in tumor‐bearing mice. Astaxanthin increases glucose competition in skeletal muscle by targeting the PI3K/Akt/GLUT4 signaling pathway, and enhances glucose utilization efficiency in skeletal muscle, thereby slowing skeletal muscle atrophy.ConclusionThe findings show the significant potential of astaxanthin as nutritional supplements for cancer patients, as well as the notion that nutritional interventions should be implemented at the initiation of cancer treatment, as instead of waiting until cachexia sets in.
Improved accuracy of the biodistribution and internal radiation dosimetry of 13N‐ammonia using a total‐body PET/CT scanner
Authors: Yu Xiaofeng , Sun Hongyan , Xu Lian , Han Yuan , Wang Cheng , Li Lianghua , Ng Yee Ling , Shi Fuxiao , Qiu Ju , Huang Gang , Zhou Yun , Chen Yumei , Liu Jianjun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundConventional short‐axis PET typically utilizes multi‐bed multi‐pass acquisition to produce quantitative whole‐body dynamic images and cannot record all the uptake information simultaneously, resulting in errors when fitting the time‐activity curves (TACs) and calculating radiation doses.PurposeThe aim of this study is to evaluate the 13N‐ammonia biodistribution and the internal radiation doses using a 194 cm long total‐body PET/CT scanner (uEXPLORER), and make a comparison with the previous short‐axis PET results.MethodsTen subjects (age 40–74 years) received 13N‐NH3 injection (418.1‐670.81 MBq) and were under a dynamic scan for about 60 min with using a 3‐dimensional whole‐body protocol. ROIs were drawn visually on 11 major organs (brain, thyroid, gallbladder, heart wall, kidneys, liver, pancreas, spleen, lungs, bone marrow, and urinary bladder content) for each subject. TACs were generated using Pmod and the absorbed radiation doses were calculated using Olinda 2.2. To compare with the conventional PET/CT, five points were sampled on uEXPLORER's TACs to mimic the result of a short‐axis PET/CT (15 cm axial FOV, consisted of 9 or 10 bed positions). Then the TACs were obtained using the multi‐exponential fitting method, and the residence time and radiation dose were also calculated and compared with uEXPLORER.ResultsThe highest absorbed organ doses were the pancreas, thyroid, spleen, heart wall, and kidneys for the male. For the female, the first five highest absorbed organ dose coefficients were the pancreas, heart wall, spleen, lungs, and kidneys. The lowest absorbed dose was found in red marrow both for male and female. The simulated short‐axis PET can fit TACs well for the gradually‐changed uptake organs but typically underestimated for the rapid‐uptake organs during the first‐10 min, resulting in errors in the calculated radiation dose.ConclusionuEXPLORER PET/CT can measure 13N‐ammonia's TACs simultaneously in all organs of the whole body, which can provide more accurate biodistribution and radiation dose estimation compared with the conventional short‐axis scanners.
‘Sense of place’ and conservation: Toponym diversity helps to maintain vegetation naturalness
Authors: Valkó Orsolya , Bede Ádám , Rádai Zoltán , Deák Balázs 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPlace names are an important but vanishing part of cultural diversity, and their relevance for environmental sciences is increasingly acknowledged. Still little is known about whether the diversity of toponyms affects human–nature relationships and the decisions of humans on how to use certain parts of the landscape.To investigate this question, we combined approaches from social sciences and ecology in a comprehensive multidisciplinary survey of 1521 cultural landscape features in Hungary. The landscape features studied were ancient millennia‐old burial earthen mounds built by nomadic steppic tribes, that often hold the last remnants of grassland vegetation and provide safe havens for grassland specialist plant and animal species in the intensively used agricultural landscapes of Eurasia. In our research, we (i) compiled a comprehensive database of the mounds in the 5150 km2‐sized study region, (ii) collected all toponyms of the mounds recorded since the 18th century, (iii) derived the height and distance from settlements for each mound and (iv) visited all the mounds in a field survey, and evaluated their vegetation naturalness.We found that despite the intensive landscape transformation in the region, and independently of topographical factors, a higher number of toponyms was associated with a higher degree of naturalness of the vegetation on the landscape features. Independently of the protective effect of the height of the mound against ploughing, and the distance from settlements that reflects to decreasing land use intensity, we found that the vegetation on the mounds with more names had a higher degree of naturalness.Synthesis and applications. Cultural recognition of these places has eroded considerably in the past centuries, but its effect is still noticeable, suggesting an extinction delay of culture‐driven biodiversity patterns. Our results suggest that reestablishment of the lost cultural connections between people and nature can contribute to reversing the deterioration.Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Treatment of breakthrough and prevention of refractory chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer patients: Clinical practice guideline update
Authors: Patel Priya , Robinson Paula D. , Phillips Robert , Baggott Christina , Devine Katie , Gibson Paul , Guilcher Gregory M. T. , Holdsworth Mark T. , Neumann Eloise , Orsey Andrea D. , Spinelli Daniela , Thackray Jennifer , van de Wetering Marianne , Cabral Sandra , Sung Lillian , Dupuis L. Lee 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis clinical practice guideline update provides recommendations for treating breakthrough chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and preventing refractory CINV in pediatric patients. Two systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials in adult and pediatric patients informed the recommendations. In patients with breakthrough CINV, escalation of antiemetic agents to those recommended for chemotherapy of the next higher level of emetogenic risk is strongly recommended. A similar recommendation to escalate therapy is made to prevent refractory CINV in patients who did not experience complete breakthrough CINV control and are receiving minimally or low emetogenic chemotherapy. A strong recommendation to use antiemetic agents that controlled breakthrough CINV for the prevention of refractory CINV is also made.
Candle soot nanoparticle embedded nanofibrous membrane for separation of miscible and immiscible oil/water mixtures
Authors: Thota Kamala , Donthula Kiran , Shekhar Chandra , Vooradi Ramsagar , Sabapathy Manigandan , Kakunuri Manohar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCandle soot (CS) nanoparticles exhibit excellent superhydrophobic and superoleophilic properties, making them an ideal absorbent for separating oil and oil/water mixtures. Although their cost‐effectiveness is attractive, the challenges associated with recovering soot nanoparticles after oil absorption and producing secondary pollutants have limited their attention. Our study demonstrates the synthesis of CS nanoparticles embedded polystyrene (PS) nanofibrous membranes with excellent stability, surface‐to‐volume ratios, and flexibility. CS‐incorporated composite membrane with a rough surface showed a water contact angle (WCA) of 156° ± 1.5°, about 20% higher than the smooth pristine PS membrane. The CS‐based composite membrane also demonstrated improved performance as an absorbent, owing to its hydrophobic characteristics linked with surface roughness when employed for separating oil from oil/water mixtures. Furthermore, when exposed to four different oils, the CS‐based membrane displayed a higher absorption capacity (up to ≈120 g oil/g membrane) than the pristine membrane. Using a gravity‐assisted continuous oil/water separation setup, we measured the oil permeate flux using nanofiber mats as a membrane. Compared to the original membrane, the modified membrane showed enhanced oil permeate flux of ~2873 ± 122 L m−2 h−1 and separation efficiency of over 99%.