bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of vegetation densities on the performance of attractive targeted sugar baits (ATSBs) for malaria vector control: a semi-field study
Authors: Muyaga Letus L. , Meza Felician C. , Kahamba Najat F. , Njalambaha Rukiyah M. , Msugupakulya Betwel J. , Kaindoa Emmanuel W. , Ngowo Halfan S. , Okumu Fredros O. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Attractive targeted sugar baits (ATSBs) control sugar-feeding mosquitoes with oral toxicants, and may effectively complement core malaria interventions, such as insecticide-treated nets even where pyrethroid-resistance is widespread. The technology is particularly efficacious in arid and semi-arid areas. However, their performance remains poorly-understood in tropical areas with year-round malaria transmission, and where the abundant vegetation constitutes competitive sugar sources for mosquitoes. This study compared the efficacies of ATSBs (active ingredient: 2% boric acid) in controlled settings with different vegetation densities.

Methods
Potted mosquito-friendly plants were introduced inside semi-field chambers (9.6 m by 9.6 m) to simulate densely-vegetated, sparsely-vegetated, and bare sites without any vegetation (two chambers/category). All chambers had volunteer-occupied huts. Laboratory-reared Anopheles arabiensis were released nightly (200/chamber) and host-seeking females recaptured using human landing catches outdoors (8.00 p.m.–9.00 p.m.) and CDC-light traps indoors (9.00 p.m.–6.00 a.m.). Additionally, resting mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors each morning using Prokopack aspirators. The experiments included a “before-and-after” set-up (with pre-ATSBs, ATSBs and post-ATSBs phases per chamber), and a “treatment vs. control” set-up (where similar chambers had ATSBs or no ATSBs). The experiments lasted 84 trap-nights.

Results
In the initial tests when all chambers had no vegetation, the ATSBs reduced outdoor-biting by 69.7%, indoor-biting by 79.8% and resting mosquitoes by 92.8%. In tests evaluating impact of vegetation, the efficacy of ATSBs against host-seeking mosquitoes was high in bare chambers (outdoors: 64.1% reduction; indoors: 46.8%) but modest or low in sparsely-vegetated (outdoors: 34.5%; indoors: 26.2%) and densely-vegetated chambers (outdoors: 25.4%; indoors: 16.1%). Against resting mosquitoes, the ATSBs performed modestly across settings (non-vegetated chambers: 37.5% outdoors and 38.7% indoors; sparsely-vegetated: 42.9% outdoors and 37.5% indoors; densely-vegetated: 45.5% outdoors and 37.5% indoors). Vegetation significantly reduced the ATSBs efficacies against outdoor-biting and indoor-biting mosquitoes but not resting mosquitoes.

Conclusion
While vegetation can influence the performance of ATSBs, the devices remain modestly efficacious in both sparsely-vegetated and densely-vegetated settings. Higher efficacies may occur in places with minimal or completely no vegetation, but such environments are naturally unlikely to sustain Anopheles populations or malaria transmission in the first place. Field studies therefore remain necessary to validate the efficacies of ATSBs in the tropics.
Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors in axial chondroblastomas: a retrospective analysis of 61 cases and comparison with extra-axial chondroblastomas
Authors: Zheng Bo-Wen , Zheng Bo-Yv , Niu Hua-Qing , Zou Ming-Xiang , Wu Hai-Lin , Wang Ming , Li Xue-Lin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
A comprehensive understanding of the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors associated with axial chondroblastoma (ACB) is still lacking. This study aimed to understand the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of axial chondroblastoma (ACB) and compare them with extra-axial chondroblastoma (EACB).

Methods
A retrospective review of our institution’s local database was conducted, encompassing a total of 132 CB patients, of which 61 were diagnosed with ACB and 71 with EACB. Immunohistochemistry was employed to evaluate the expression levels of vimentin, S100, and cytokeratin.

Results
ACB and EACB shared similar characteristics, with the exception of advanced age, tumor size, elevated Vim expression, incidence of surrounding tissue invasion, and postoperative sensory or motor dysfunction. While wide resection and absence of surrounding tissue invasion consistently showed a favorable association with survival in both ACB and EACB cohorts during univariate analysis, most parameters exhibited differential prognostic significance between the two groups. Notably, the significant prognostic factors for local recurrence-free survival in the ACB cohort included the type of resection and the presence of chicken-wire calcification. In the multivariate analysis of overall survival, the type of resection emerged as a significant predictor in the ACB cohort, whereas in the EACB group, the type of resection and the occurrence of postoperative sensory or motor dysfunction were predictive of overall survival.

Conclusion
There may exist distinct biological behaviors between ACB and EACB, thereby providing valuable insights into the prognostic characteristics of ACB patients and contributing to enhanced outcome prediction in this particular patient population.
Surveillance and epidemiological characterization of human adenovirus infections among outpatient children with acute gastroenteritis during the COVID-19 epidemic in Shanghai, China
Authors: Lu Lijuan , Jia Ran , Zhong Huaqing , Duan Shuohua , Xu Menghua , Su Liyun , Cao Lingfeng , Xu Jin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Human adenovirus (HAdV) has been recognized as one of the common enteric viruses associated with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children. The aim of this study was carried out to illustrate the epidemiological characterization of HAdV Infections among children younger than 15 years in Shanghai during COVID-19.

Methods
During May 2020 and April 2022, 1048 fecal samples were collected from children ≤ 15 years diagnosed with AGE in the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University. HAdV was identified by PCR and sequenced with specific primers. All the obtained sequences were analyzed by MEGA (version 6.0). Demographic information and clinical features data were also collected and analyzed.

Results
In total, 97 (9.3%, 97/1048) samples were detected to be HAdV during May 2020 and April 2022. We found an atypical upsurge in HAdV infection in the year 2021 after a major suppression in the year 2020. Approximately 84.5% (82/97) of HAdV-infected children were aged 0–60 months. Among the 97 HAdV-positive samples, only two species and five genotypes were detected. HAdV-F (88.7%, 86/97) was the most prevalent species and HAdV-F41 (87.6%, 85/97) was the most common genotype. Diarrhea, vomiting, and fever were the main clinical manifestations in children infected with HAdV. The children aged from 0 to 12 months showed simpler patterns of clinical presentation than those of children older than 13 months.

Conclusions
Our findings described the epidemiological changes of HAdV infection in children with AGE during the COVID-19, which further underscored the importance of continuous surveillance of HAdV at both local and global scales.
Double hairpin-assembled probe-mediating catalytic hairpin assembly and primer exchange reaction for sensitive and label-free miRNA analysis in gastric carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Hongyu , Liu Tiantian , Wang Jing , Liu Mingliang , Lei Yaoyao , Tan Xiaohua , Wang Ruhua , Luo Xijin , Chen Yeqing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe aberrant expression of microRNA (miRNA) is closely associated with various pathological processes, such as the development of gastric cancer. High-efficiency quantification of miRNAs is significant for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancers. However, the sensitive and reliable detection of miRNA remains a huge challenge. We depict here a novel fluorescent approach for sensitive and label-free miRNA detection by exploiting a designed detection scaffold to integrate the catalytic hairpin assembly and primer exchange reaction (PER). In this method, the detection scaffold that is constructed based on the hybridization between two hairpin structure probes (H1 probe and H2 probe), is capable of specifically recognizing target miRNA and activating signal amplification, and the PER process transcribes numerous G-rich sequences to induce ThT-based label-free signal generation. Based on the efficient signal amplification strategy and label-free signal generation mode, the method exhibits a wide detection range of 7 orders of magnitude and a high repeatability (coefficient of variation, 2.76%), implying that the proposed approach will be a robust tool in quantification of miRNA and early diagnosis of disease.
Graphical abstract
The relation of representational competence and conceptual knowledge in female and male undergraduates
Authors: Edelsbrunner Peter A. , Malone Sarah , Hofer Sarah I. , Küchemann Stefan , Kuhn Jochen , Schmid Roman , Altmeyer Kristin , Brünken Roland , Lichtenberger Andreas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Representational competence is commonly considered a prerequisite for the acquisition of conceptual knowledge, yet little exploration has been undertaken into the relation between these two constructs. Using an assessment instrument of representational competence with vector fields that functions without confounding topical context, we examined its relation with N = 515 undergraduates’ conceptual knowledge about electromagnetism.

Results
Applying latent variable modeling, we found that students’ representational competence and conceptual knowledge are related yet clearly distinguishable constructs (manifest correlation: r = .54; latent correlation: r = .71). The relation was weaker for female than for male students, which could not be explained by measurement differences between the two groups. There were several students with high representational competence and low conceptual knowledge, but only few students with low representational competence and high conceptual knowledge.

Conclusions
These results support the assumption that representational competence is a prerequisite, yet insufficient condition for the acquisition of conceptual knowledge. We provide suggestions for supporting learners in building representational competence, and particularly female learners in utilizing their representational competence to build conceptual knowledge.
Transnational public and global health education in China
Authors: Pan Stephen W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTransnational public and global health programs in China have rapidly expanded over the past 20 years, and have potential to make important contributions to China’s global health workforce. However, there has been sparse if any literature specific to transnational public and global health higher education in China. In response, this perspective article aims to: (1) outline current transnational public and global health programs in China, and (2) delineate opportunities and challenges for transnational public and global health programs to enhance China’s global health workforce. Based on internet searches, eight active transnational public and global health programs in China were identified in September 2022 (one Bachelors; four Masters; three doctorate). Degree awarding institutions are located in Australia, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Courses for stand-alone transnational programs were co-delivered by faculty from the Chinese and foreign sponsoring institutions. The earliest and latest programs were respectively established in 2001 and 2022, and the average year of establishment was 2013. The endurance of some programs (three programs operating ≥ 10 years) indicates the potential sustainability of transnational public and global health programs in China. However, opportunities for cross-cultural engagement appear to be constrained by lack of English (or other language) requirements in some programs, limited recruitment of international students, pandemic travel restrictions, and a dearth of funding for global health research outside China. In addition, students enrolled at transnational universities in China are currently ineligible for China Scholarship Council funding. As China’s need for global health capacity grows amid a rapidly shrinking population of younger citizens, strategic investments in transnational public and global health programs may be of increasing value.
Role of tomosynthesis and ultrasound in the assessment of asymmetric breast densities: a comparative prospective study
Authors: Ahmed Rasha Osama Abdel Ghany , Darwish Mohamed Abo El-Hoda , Chalabi Nivine Abd Elmoneim , Tantawy Salma Hassan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Tomosynthesis is a recent advancement of full-field digital mammography involves transforming two-dimensional (2D) breast images into three dimensions (3D) images. It reduces the adverse effect of tissue superimposition on conventional 2D- mammography, therefore having high potential enhancing identification and assessment of asymmetric breast densities. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the diagnostic performance of breast ultrasound and 3D digital breast tomosynthesis in the assessment of asymmetric breast densities.

Results
In the current study, 80 patients with 80 mammographically and/or tomosynthesized breast asymmetries were included. The patients' ages ranged from 30 to 70 years old, with a mean age of 47.2 ± 9.2 SD. Breast ultrasound outperformed digital breast tomosynthesis in terms of diagnostic performance. Tomosynthesis had a sensitivity of 86.4%, specificity of 93.1%, positive predictive value of 82.6%, negative predictive value of 94.7%, and accuracy of 91.3% compared to ultrasounds' sensitivity of 100.00%, specificity of 93.1%, positive predictive value of 84.6%, negative predictive value of 100.00%, and accuracy of 95%.

Conclusions
Incorporating ultrasonography in the assessment of asymmetric breast densities outperformed tomosynthesis and shown to be more precise in characterisation of lesions underlying asymmetric breast density.
Role of blue dye test as an early predictor of post-laryngectomy pharyngocutaneous fistula
Authors: Alsedra Sundus Ali , Zahran Mohamed Abdelnaby , Taha Ashraf Hamza , Youssef Ahmed Sobhy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) is considered the most common suffering complication in laryngectomized patients. PCF occurs variably from 10 to 20% and sometimes reaches more than 60%, as a result of a combination of local and systemic factors related to poor tissue healing and wound breakdown. Development of PCF affects the restoration of normal life after laryngectomy that could potentially lead to major complications affecting patient survival.Aim of studyWe studied the role of blue dye test in the early detection of PCF post-laryngectomy, which could potentially lead to optimum management which can reduce the duration of hospital stay as well as major complications out of salivary leakage.ResultsOut of 64 patients who underwent TL from Jan 2020 till Dec 2021 at a Tertiary Head and Neck Cancer Center, 40 patients were included in the study. All these patients underwent blue dye test and barium swallow considered the standard postoperative leak test. Patients’ characteristics as well as associated comorbidities have been studied as well as blue dye test findings compared to barium swallow, including median time for diagnosis of PCF, duration, management plan, additional leak tests, and length of hospital stay.ConclusionBlue dye test gives a good clue for early detection with proper management of PCF, which could eventually result in early recovery and reduce cost, morbidity, and hospital stay. It can be repeatedly performed to establish a simple, reliable, and safe bedside tool for follow-up.
A review of optimization techniques and algorithms used for FRP applications in civil engineering
Authors: Ramadan Amany S. , Elgendi Elbadr O. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOptimization problems aim to minimize or maximize an objective function while fulfilling related constraints. This objective function may be a single or multi-objective optimization. Many studies have been conducted on using these optimization problems in civil and construction engineering, especially for the various machine learning techniques and algorithms that have been developed for fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) applications in the rehabilitation and design of RC structures. FRP is considered the most effective and superior technique for strengthening and retrofitting due to its significant benefits over traditional methods, which have numerous drawbacks, as well as the importance of structural strengthening as a cost-effective and practical option. In this research, an insight into how to apply algorithms and machine learning approaches to optimize FRP applications in civil and construction engineering is presented, as well as a detailed analysis of the various optimization strategies used and their findings. A total of 18 case studies from previous research were discussed and critically evaluated, and they were categorized into six groups according to the algorithm or machine learning technique utilized. Based on the case studies investigated in this study, the genetic algorithm was found to be the optimal algorithm utilized for optimizing FRP applications. The result of this research provides a useful guideline for future researchers and specialists.
Unraveling Dexamethasone-Induced Neurobehavioral and Sleep Problems in Children With ALL: Which Determinants Are Important?
Authors: van Hulst Annelienke M. , Grootenhuis Martha A. , Verwaaijen Emma J. , van Litsenburg Raphaële R.L. , Li Letao , van Zelst Bertrand D. , Broer Linda , Pluijm Saskia M.F. , Pieters Rob , Fiocco Marta , van den Akker Erica L.T. , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M. 
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE Dexamethasone, the preferred corticosteroid in most treatment protocols for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), can induce undesirable side effects. Neurobehavioral and sleep problems are frequently reported, but the interpatient variability is high. We therefore aimed to identify determinants for parent-reported dexamethasone-induced neurobehavioral and sleep problems in pediatric ALL. METHODS Our prospective study included patients with medium-risk ALL and their parents during maintenance treatment. Patients were assessed before and after one 5-day dexamethasone course. Primary end points were parent-reported dexamethasone-induced neurobehavioral and sleep problems, measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, respectively. Analyzed determinants included patient and parent demographics, disease and treatment characteristics, parenting stress (Parenting Stress Index and Distress Thermometer for Parents), dexamethasone pharmacokinetics, and genetic variation (candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs41423247 and rs4918). Statistically significant determinants identified in univariable logistic regression analyses were incorporated in a multivariable model. RESULTS We included 105 patients: median age was 5.4 years (range, 3.0-18.8) and 61% were boys. Clinically relevant dexamethasone-induced neurobehavioral and sleep problems were reported by parents in 70 (67%) and 61 (59%) patients, respectively. In our multivariable regression models, we identified parenting stress as a significant determinant for parent-reported neurobehavioral (odds ratio [OR], 1.16; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.26) and sleep problems (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.10). Furthermore, parents who experienced more stress before start of a dexamethasone course reported more sleep problems in their child (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.32). CONCLUSION We identified parenting stress, and not dexamethasone pharmacokinetics, genetic variation, patient/parent demographics, or disease/treatment characteristics, as a significant determinant for parent-reported dexamethasone-induced neurobehavioral and sleep problems. Parenting stress may be a modifiable target to reduce these problems.
Renal and Electrolyte Disorders and the Nervous System
Authors: Ghoshal Shivani 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVENeurologic complications are a major contributor to death and disability in patients with renal disease. Oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, accelerated arteriosclerosis, and uremic inflammatory milieu affect both the central and peripheral nervous systems. This article reviews the unique contributions of renal impairment to neurologic disorders and their common clinical manifestations as the prevalence of renal disease increases in a globally aging population.LATEST DEVELOPMENTAdvances in the understanding of the pathophysiologic interplay between the kidneys and brain, also referred to as thekidney-brain axis, have led to more widespread recognition of associated changes in neurovascular dynamics, central nervous system acidification, and uremia-associated endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Acute kidney injury increases mortality in acute brain injury to nearly 5 times that seen in matched controls. Renal impairment and its associated increased risks of intracerebral hemorrhage and accelerated cognitive decline are developing fields. Dialysis-associated neurovascular injury is increasingly recognized in both continuous and intermittent forms of renal replacement therapy, and treatment strategies for its prevention are evolving.ESSENTIAL POINTSThis article summarizes the effects of renal impairment on the central and peripheral nervous systems with special considerations in acute kidney injury, patients requiring dialysis, and conditions that affect both the renal and nervous systems.
From Theocracy to Monarchy: Authority and Legitimacy in Inner Oman, 1935–1957
Authors: Eickelman Dale 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In principle, the theocracy of the twentieth-century Imamate of the northern Oman interior, ruled by an imam, was incompatible with the royal authority of Sultan Sa‘id bin Taymur (r. 1932–70). In practice, the points of collaboration were many. Seen from the vantage of ordinary tribespeople, the Imamate was a government. In the words of a former member of the Imamate's militia in 1980, “It killed; it taxed; it imprisoned.” The Ibadi imam had fourteen governors to represent his authority. Many qadis (judges) worked for both the Imamate and the Sultanate, always after first seeking permission from the Imam. Many judges often divided their time annually between the lands governed directly by the Imam and those of the Sultan. Several key incidents from the 1940s through the mid-1950s indicate the level of tacit cooperation, including 1952 support for combined military action to expel Saudis from an oasis in Buraimi. In the 1950s, Sultan Sa‘id was initially successful in assimilating the former domains under imamate control into direct Sultanate rule. He had, after all, assured tribal leaders that he would preserve what was essentially Islamic in the life of the interior—except of course for the nature of rule at the top. He preserved the status quo but by the 1960s it became increasingly obvious that he was unwilling or unable to face the shifting perceptions of “just” Islamic rule and the country's economic stagnation and desperate poverty.
On Being Present to History: Historicity and Brigand Spirits in Madagascar
Authors: Lambek Michael 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article explores the unexpected arrival of new spirits in possession of young spirit mediums at an annual ceremony in Majunga, Madagascar. In it, the author explores the significance of the event for local politics, but also uses it to exemplify a form of historicity distinct from that of Euro-American historicism, with respect to both the structure of historical temporality and the nature of historical truth/knowledge, experience, responsiveness, and action. The article further argues that the action of the spirits or mediums is simultaneously an interpretation of circumstances and that one might think more broadly of historical action as interpretive.