bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing the Jet–Torus Interaction in the Radio Galaxy NGC 1052 by Sulfur-bearing Molecules
Authors: Kameno Seiji , Sawada-Satoh Satoko , Impellizzeri C. M. Violette , Kohno Kotaro , Martín Sergio , Espada Daniel , Nakai Naomasa , Sugai Hajime , Terashima Yuichi , Lee Minju M. , Kawakatu Nozomu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The radio galaxy NGC 1052 casts absorption features of sulfur-bearing molecules, H2S, SO, SO2, and CS toward the radio continuum emission from the core and jets. Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, we have measured the equivalent widths of SO absorption features in multiple transitions and determined the temperatures of 344 ± 43 K and 26 ± 4 K in submillimeter and millimeter wavelengths, respectively. Since submillimeter and millimeter continuum represents the core and jets, the high and low temperatures of the absorbers imply a warm environment in the molecular torus and cooler downstream flows. The high temperature in the torus is consistent with the presence of 22 GHz H2O maser emission, vibrationally excited HCN and HCO+ absorption lines, and sulfur-bearing molecules in the gas phase released from dust. The origin of the sulfur-bearing gas is ascribed to the evaporation of the icy dust component through a jet–torus interaction. Shock heating is the sole plausible mechanism to maintain such a high temperature of gas and dust in the torus. The implication of the jet–torus interaction also supports the collimation of the sub-relativistic jets by the gas pressure of the torus.
Simultaneous Time-monitoring Observations of H2O and SiO Masers toward the Supergiant VX Sagittarii
Authors: Yoon Dong-Hwan , Cho Se-Hyung , Yang Haneul , Yun Youngjoo , Kim Jaeheon 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We performed simultaneous monitoring observations of the 22.2 GHz H2O and 43.1/42.8/86.2/129.3 GHz SiO masers toward the red supergiant VX Sagittarii using the Korean VLBI Network single-dish telescopes. The observations were conducted about every 2 months from 2013 May to 2019 January (30 epochs in total). They included four optical maxima in the active phase of the optical pulsation cycles. The line profile of a H2O maser always comprised various velocity components with a wider velocity range and varied from highly redshifted to blueshifted velocities with respect to the stellar velocity, in contrast to those of the SiO masers. We examined the relation between peak intensities and velocities of 11 detailed components in the line profile of the H2O maser and the pulsation phases. The peak intensity of each component generally exhibited a better correlation with the pulsation phases than that of total intensity. The peak velocities of several components gradually decreased or increased with respect to the stellar velocity, implying an accelerating motion and the development of asymmetries in the H2O maser region. The characteristics of four transition SiO maser properties were compared according to the stellar pulsation phases. The intensity and velocity variation trend of the 43.1 GHz SiO maser was similar to that of the 42.8 GHz SiO maser. However, the variation trend of the 43.1 and 42.8 GHz SiO masers was different from that of the 86.2 and 129.3 GHz SiO masers. This difference stems from the different location of each maser reflecting a different excitation condition.
A Comparative Study of Solar Active Region 12371 with Data-constrained and Data-driven Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations
Authors: Inoue Satoshi , Hayashi Keiji , Miyoshi Takahiro , Jing Ju , Wang Haimin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We performed two data-based magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations for solar active region 12371, which produced an M6.5 flare. The first simulation is a full data-driven simulation where the initial condition is given by a nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF). This NLFFF was extrapolated from photospheric magnetograms approximately 1 hr prior to the flare, and then a time-varying photospheric magnetic field is imposed at the bottom surface. The second simulation is also a data-driven simulation, but it stops driving at the bottom before the time of flare onset and then switches to the data-constrained simulation, where the horizontal component of the magnetic field varies according to an induction equation, while the normal component is fixed with time. Both simulations lead to an eruption, with both simulations producing highly twisted field lines before the eruption, which were not found in the NLFFF alone. After the eruption, the first simulation based on the time-varying photospheric magnetic field continues to produce sheared field lines after the flare without reproducing phenomena such as postflare loops. The second simulation reproduces the phenomena associated with flares well. However, in this case, the evolution of the bottom magnetic field is inconsistent with the evolution of the observed magnetic field. In this Letter, we report potential advantages and disadvantages in data-constrained and data-driven MHD simulations that need to be taken into consideration in future studies.
Fractal Aggregates of Submicron-sized Grains in the Young Planet-forming Disk around IM Lup
Authors: Tazaki Ryo , Ginski Christian , Dominik Carsten 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Despite rapidly growing disk observations, it remains a mystery what primordial dust aggregates look like and what the physical and chemical properties of their constituent grains (monomers) are in young planet-forming disks. Confrontation of models with observations to answer this mystery has been a notorious task because we have to abandon a commonly used assumption, perfectly spherical grains, and take into account particles with complex morphology. In this Letter, we present the first thorough comparison between near-infrared scattered light of the young planet-forming disk around IM Lup and the light-scattering properties of complex-shaped dust particles. The availability of scattering observations at multiple wavelengths and over a significant range of scattering angles allows for the first determination of the monomer size, fractal dimension, and size of dust aggregates in a planet-forming disk. We show that the observations are best explained by fractal aggregates with a fractal dimension of 1.5 and a characteristic radius larger than ∼2 μm. We also determined the radius of the monomer to be ∼200 nm, and monomers much smaller than this size can be ruled out on the premise that the fractal dimension is less than 2. Furthermore, dust composition comprising amorphous carbon is found to be favorable to simultaneously account for the faint scattered light and the flared disk morphology. Our results support that planet formation begins with fractal coagulation of submicron-sized grains. All the optical properties of complex dust particles computed in this study are publicly available.
Les variables didactiques en badminton : une revue de littérature
Authors: Klonowski Paul , Musard Mathilde , Loizon Denis 
Published: February 2023

Résumé : L’objectif de cette revue de littérature est de rechercher dans les écrits scientifiques et professionnels des 40 dernières années les traces d’un concept appartenant au champ scientifique de la didactique : les variables didactiques (VD). Cette revue poursuit un triple objectif : définir le concept de VD, identifier les différentes catégorisations de VD et les VD spécifiques utilisées dans le contexte de l’enseignement du badminton en EPS. En se basant sur une méthodologie de revue de littérature (Dumez, 2011), nous avons constitué un corpus scientifique de 52 articles et un corpus professionnel de 21 documents, pour un total de 73 documents. Après les avoir analysés, nous avons mis en évidence que les VD représentent un concept peu mobilisé par les chercheurs comme les professionnels. Les variables sont parfois oubliées, parfois incomprises, mais les travaux tendent progressivement à prendre en compte différentes facettes de ce concept didactique. Suite à cette revue de littérature, nous distinguons les VD de commande, les VD générales et spécifiques au badminton. Parmi les VD spécifiques au badminton, nous avons identifié les VD techniques, avec, le service, le coup technique choisi parmi le smash, le dégagé et l’amorti entre autres et les VD stratégiques, avec le jeu dans la longueur, sur les côtés, changer de rythme pour créer la rupture par exemple.
Staff Perceptions of Dying and Death in a Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit During COVID-19
Authors: Moynihan Katie M. , Bailey Valerie , Beke Dorothy M. , Alizadeh Faraz , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Snaman Jennifer M. 
Published: February 2023

Background
Strict visitor restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic have been associated with staff moral distress in numerous clinical settings, yet little is known about effects on perceptions of pediatric end-of-life care.

Objective
To determine the effect of COVID-19 visitor restrictions on perceptions of quality of dying and death.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional survey of interdisciplinary staff caring for dying children in a cardiac intensive care unit with flexible visitation allowances compared with published policies reported in the literature at the time.

Results
No significant difference in perceptions of quality of dying and death was found between the prepandemic and pandemic periods despite similar clinical care provision. The relatively less stringent allowances at end of life did not adversely affect staff risk for infection.

Conclusions
The findings support affording some flexibility to visitation at end of life, which may mitigate negative staff perceptions of quality of dying and death. With the profound effects of COVID-19 on end-of-life care provision, these results may have implications for future global challenges.
Study on the Mechanism and Molecular Docking Verification of Buyang Huanwu Decoction in Treating Diabetic Foot
Authors: Zhong Da-Yuan , Li Lan , Li Huan-Jie , Ma Ruo-Meng , Deng Yi-Hui 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD) in the treatment of diabetic foot (DF).

Methods:
The TCMSP, BATMAN, PubChem, PharmMapper, UniProt, GeneCards, Webgestalt, and Kobas databases were used to obtain the structures, targets, main biological functions, and pathways of the active ingredients of BYHWD, and the results were visualized using Cytoscape3.6.1, Ledock, and PyMol software.

Results:
A total of 82 active components of BYHWD and 193 targets related to BYHWD were identified, and 5295 genes related to DF were identified using the GeneCards database, including 65 key targets of BYHWD in the treatment of DF. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the 65 targets for BYHWD treatment of DF showed that 47 GO items were involved in the treatment. It was mainly involved in biological processes, such as biological regulation, metabolism, and stress response. It is primarily involved in protein binding, ion binding, nucleotide binding, and other molecular functions. It is mainly involved in membrane encapsulation, membrane lumen closure, and other biological components and involved in the VEGF, TNF, RAS, RAP1, PI3K-AKT, MAPK, and IL-17 signaling pathways. Most targets were enriched in the PI3K-AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. Molecular docking results showed that the 59 key active components of BYHWD had strong binding activity with 64 key DF targets.

Conclusion:
The therapeutic effect of BYHWD on DF is based on the pharmacological effects of multiple targets and pathways.
The association of visceral adiposity with handgrip strength in community dwellers of the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Alshouraa Ahmad Alli , Darweesh Ahmed Mohammad , Yaser Yazan Mazen , Abazid Eelaf Wael , Alshamsi Alya Kattarah , Kannas Samah Mohamed , Abbara Mohamad , Otour Ahmad Haitham , Qaisar Rizwan , Khalid Amna 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Handgrip strength (HGS) is a powerful tool to assess generalized body health; however, its association with visceral adipose tissues (VATs) in the community dwellers of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is not known. The objectives of this study were to investigate the association between HGS and VATs in the UAE population of both genders, 18–65 years of age (n = 1146).

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study conducted in various community centers of the UAE from June to October 2021. We used a handgrip dynamometer to measure HGS and a bioelectrical impedance scale to measure body composition, including VAT content. VAT was categorized into low (1–9), optimal (10–14), and high (15–30) levels. We used t-test and ANOVA analyses to measure differences in HGS and VAT across gender and age groups.

Results:
The peak HGS was found in the third and fourth decades of life, followed by an age-associated decline. We report that the highest HGS for dominant was found in people with the optimal VATs content irrespective of gender and age. Conversely, having low or high VATs was associated with lower HGS. However, there were no differences between the HGS of dominant versus nondominant hands in men and women.

Conclusion:
Altogether, we report an association of an optimal VAT content with peak HGS, so that having low or high VATs were associated with reduced HGS. Taken together, the measurements of VAT and HGS may be helpful in assessing generalized health in preclinical settings.
Isolation, characterization, and molecular identification of probiotics showing promising hypoglycemia operating activities
Authors: Hegazy Abdel-Whhab A. , El-Waseif Amr A. , Maany Dina A. 
Published: February 2023

Background
Probiotics are the most useful microorganisms for animal and human health; they are used in the pharmaceutical and food industries for many products that enhance digestion and immunity.

Objective
The objective of our study was to isolate, characterize, and identify a probiotic bacterial strain and determine its hypoglycemia operating parameters.

Materials and methods
Our research was carried out through the isolation of probiotic colonies from milk samples on MRS medium. Bacterial isolates were characterized both morphologically and biochemically. The collected bacterial isolates were tested for their low pH tolerance on phosphate buffer pH 2.0 and bile salt tolerance in MRS-THIO liquid medium. Glucose assimilation activity was tested by measuring the residual glucose concentration on MRS liquid medium at 37°C after 24 and 48 h by GOD-PAP enzymatic colorimetric method. The initial glucose concentration was 500 mg/dl. The most potent isolate was identified by methods of 16S-rDNA sequencing.

Results and conclusion
Twenty-one bacterial isolates were isolated and characterized. Bacterial isolates showed the highest resistance to acidic pH 2.0 and they were bile-tolerant. Results of glucose assimilation showed that there was a marked increase in sugar consumption rate after 48 h more than 24 h in most of the bacterial isolates. The top 10 isolates were selected for the testing of the rest of the parameters. Results show that no noticeable differences were observed in the consumption of glucose in the low-glucose concentration, but with more glucose concentration more glucose consumption rate differences were recorded among organisms. The top two organisms that have the ability to reproduce and consume glucose even in high-glucose concentrations were Ab 9 and Ab 2 with results of glucose residual concentration of 108 and 124 mg/dl, respectively. The phylogenetic tree showed that the most potent isolate Ab 2 was identified as Lactobacillus brevis.
A rare invasive male breast cancer of nonspecific type presenting at a primary care clinic: Importance of early diagnosis and management
Authors: Mansoor Nurulhana S. , Arifin Farnaza , Kornain Noor K.M. , Razalli Mazuin M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Male breast cancer is a rare disease with an incidence rate of <1% of all breast cancer cases, and only 1% of all male malignancies. Men tend to present at an older age and with more advanced stages compared to women. We report a case of a 74-year-old man who presented at a primary care clinic with a right subareolar painless breast mass. A mammogram and core biopsy were performed. A diagnosis of right invasive breast carcinoma was rendered. The patient underwent a right total mastectomy with ipsilateral axillary lymph node dissection, which revealed an invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (NST). Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormonal therapy were included in the adjuvant treatment plan. In this report, we discuss the important role of the primary care physician (PCP) in early diagnosis and referral for definitive management. The PCP also plays an essential role in the holistic care of male breast cancer patients, including the management of physical, psychological, social, and underlying chronic diseases.
Foot Morphology and its Relationship to Arch Height Index in Asymptomatic Adults Versus Adults Presenting with Foot Pain (Nontraumatic)
Authors: Agrawal Alok Chandra , Siddiqui Abu Ubaida , Sakale Harshal S , John Meryl Rachel 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The uniqueness of the human foot, in performing various functions, is intricately associated with different morphological parameters, and arch height index (AHI) is an important parameter for the same. The measurement of AHI has putative clinical implications in correcting the underlying causative factors, which contribute to foot pain. This study was an attempt to investigate these parameters as a correlation among asymptomatic versus patients complaining of foot pain (due to nontraumatic causes).

Methodology:
One hundred asymptomatic and 50 symptomatic adults were engaged in the study after taking prior consent. Various measurements (such as foot length, truncated foot length, foot breadth, arch height – [AH], and AHI) were taken in a standing position. In this study values of foot length, truncated foot length, foot breadth, AH and AHI were compared amongst the two groups. Comparison was done with earlier studies.

Results:
The difference in AH and AHI (P < 0.05) among the asymptomatic versus the foot pain patients, was significant. There was a considerable difference in body weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) affecting AH and AHI. AHI in the case of the symptomatic foot pain adults was 0.18 in both feet, with a standard deviation (SD) of 0.07.

Conclusion:
The AHI has been considered an essential parameter in defining and identifying the potential structural factors that predispose an individual to injuries of the foot. Our results indicate that the mean AHI in the case of foot pain adults (nontraumatic) was 0.18 in both feet, with an SD of 0.07. This is lower as compared to other studies. This can be attributed to the fact that earlier studies have been done on asymptomatic patients only. The present study was done to correlate between normal asymptomatic versus foot pain patients. There was a significant difference in the AH and AHI between our two study groups.
Morphological Study of Musculi Pectinati and Crista Terminalis with its Applied Significance in the Human Adult Cadaver
Authors: Keshri Ravi , Ranjan Rajiv 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Morphological studies have highlighted the roles of the crista terminalis (CT) and musculi pectinati (MP) in the process behind cardiac arrhythmias. It is also intriguing to explore the notion that structural problems with the CT and MP may be the major anomaly in those who have atrial flutter and may also account for the incidence of atrial flutter even in people with atria that appear to be normal. The aim is to study the cumulative arrangement and morphology of CT and MP in the right atrium of formalin-fixed human cadavers.

Methodology:
Cross-sectional descriptive research was conducted on thirty hearts obtained from formalin-embalmed adult human cadavers of the age range between 25 and 65 years (22 males and 8 females). Anatomical course, arrangements, and variations of CT and MP were observed and noted.

Results:
After meticulous dissection of formalin-fixed human heart, variations associated with the morphological traits of the MP and taenia sagittalis (TS) were observed and recorded. According to the gross anatomical architecture of CT and associated MP, it was classified into six various patterns. Type 1 (MP oriented nearly 90° to CT) was found to be the most common variant, exhibited by 16 (53%) hearts, Type 2 (MP oriented parallel to CT) was noted in 1 (4%), 7 (22%) shown Type 3 (combination of Type 1 and Type 2), Type 4 (branching of the MP) was noted in 2 (7%), Type 5 (interlacing trabeculation) was seen in 3 (10%), whereas Type 6 (prominent muscular column of MP) was present in 1 (4%) of the heart. In addition, the observation on TS (prominent band of MP, seen emerging from CT) was also classified into three groups – Type A (TS was absent) was noted in 15 (50%) hearts was the most common variant, Type B (single trunk of TS) was present in 3 (10%) and Type C (multiple trunks of TS) in 12 (40%) hearts.

Conclusion:
Cardiovascular catheterization frequently results in injury to Type 6 MP and Type B/Type C TS, which have a more intricate arrangement of fibers. Henceforth, collectively the incidence of these clinically relevant variants was a little more than 50%.
Pars plana lensectomy and iris-claw Artisan intraocular lens implantation in patients with Marfan syndrome
Authors: Karjou Zahra , Karimi Saeed , Yaghoobi Mohadeseh , Nikkhah Homayoun , Safi Sare 
Published: February 2023

RATIONAL:The rationale of this study was to evaluate the visual and anatomical outcomes of pars plana lensectomy and iris-claw Artisan intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients with subluxated crystalline lenses secondary to Marfan syndrome.MATERIALS AND METHODS:In this retrospective case series, we evaluate the records of 21 eyes of 15 patients with Marfan syndrome and moderate-to-severe crystalline lens subluxation who underwent pars plana lensectomy/anterior vitrectomy and implantation of iris-claw Artisan IOL at referral hospital from September 2015 to October 2019.RESULTS:Twenty-one eyes of 15 patients (10 males and five females) with a mean age of 24.47 ± 19.14 years were included. Mean best-corrected visual acuity was improved from 1.17 ± 0.55 logMAR to 0.64 ± 0.71 logMAR at the final follow-up visit (P< 0.001). The mean intraocular pressure did not change significantly (P= 0.971). The final refraction showed a mean sphere of 0.54 ± 2.46 D and a mean cylinder of 0.81 ± 1.03 at the mean axis of 57.92 ± 58.33 degrees. One eye developed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment 2 months after surgery.CONCLUSIONS:Pars plana lensectomy and iris-claw Artisan IOL implantation seem to be a useful, impressive, and safe procedure with a low rate of complications in Marfan patients with moderate-to-severe crystalline lens subluxation. Visual acuity was significantly improved with acceptable anatomical and refractive outcomes.