bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the importance of structural equivalence in temporal networks for epidemic forecasting
Authors: Kister Pauline , Tonetto Leonardo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnderstanding how a disease spreads in a population is a first step to preparing for future epidemics, and machine learning models are a useful tool to analyze the spreading process of infectious diseases. For effective predictions of these spreading processes, node embeddings are used to encode networks based on the similarity between nodes into feature vectors, i.e., higher dimensional representations of human contacts. In this work, we evaluated the impact ofhomophilyandstructural equivalenceon embedding for disease spread prediction by testing them on real world temporal human contact networks. Our results show that structural equivalence is a useful indicator for the infection status of a person. Embeddings that are balanced towards the preservation of structural equivalence performed better than those that focus on the preservation of homophily, with an average improvement of 0.1042 in the f1-score (95% CI 0.051 to 0.157). This indicates that structurally equivalent nodes behave similarly during an epidemic (e.g., expected time of a disease onset). This observation could greatly improve predictions of future epidemics where only partial information about contacts is known, thereby helping determine the risk of infection for different groups in the population.
Epidemiological, clinical and hematological profiles of visceral leishmaniasis among patients visiting Tefera Hailu Memorial Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia: a 4 year retrospective study
Authors: Debash Habtu , Bisetegn Habtye , Nigatie Marye , Abeje Getu , Feleke Daniel Getacher 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVisceral leishmaniasis is a major, life-threatening parasitic disease that still remains a serious public health problem in Ethiopia. Understanding the epidemiological, clinical, and hematological profiles of visceral leishmaniasis patients is important for implementing evidence-based control strategies. It is also important for early treatment and to decrease the mortality rate from the disease. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the epidemiological, clinical, and hematological profiles of visceral leishmaniasis among patients visiting Tefera Hailu Memorial Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia. A retrospective study was conducted at Tefera Hailu Memorial Hospital from September 2017 to August 2021. Data were collected from the medical records of suspected patients who were tested by the rK39 rapid diagnostic by strictly following standard operating procedures. The data was summarized using Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS 26 version software. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and hematological profiles of visceral leishmaniasis patients. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The overall positivity rate for visceral leishmaniasis was 23.4% (132/564). The result of this study indicated a fluctuating yet declining trend in VL over the past 4 years. From a total of 132 VL confirmed cases, the numbers of cases were highest among males (78.0%), those 15–29 years of age (37.1%), and urban residents (89.4%). Furthermore, Abergele (11.0%), Sehala (6.0%), and Ziquala (5.0%) districts had the highest number of VL cases. The major clinical presentations of patients were fever (96.2%), splenomegaly (94.7%), and general weakness (80.3%). With regard to hematological profiles, the most common findings were anemia (86.4%), thrombocytopenia (81.8%), leucopenia (78.8%), neutropenia (74.2%), and pancytopenia (71.2%). In the study area, the VL positivity rate was high. Our findings also concluded that VL causes significant alterations in clinical and hematological parameters. Therefore, the zone health office and other concerned stakeholders should strengthen evidence-based control programs for VL.
Association between weekend catch-up sleep and dyslipidemia among Korean workers
Authors: Jang Ye Seul , Park Yu Shin , Hurh Kyungduk , Park Eun-Cheol , Jang Sung-In 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWithin competitive sociocultural environments, most Korean workers are likely to shorten their sleep duration during the weekday. Short sleep duration is associated with dyslipidemia; however, studies on the correlation between various sleep patterns and dyslipidemia are still lacking. In hence this study aimed to investigate the association between weekend catch-up sleep (CUS) and dyslipidemia among South Korean workers. Our study used data from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The analysis covered 4,085 participants, excluding those who were diagnosed with dyslipidemia and not currently participating in economic activities. Weekend CUS was calculated as the absolute difference between self-reported weekday and weekend sleep duration. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed based on the levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides in blood samples collected after 9–12 h of fasting. After adjusting for sociodemographic, economic, health-related, and sleep-related factors, a negative association of weekend CUS with dyslipidemia was observed in male workers (odds ratio: 0.76, 95% confidence interval: 0.61–0.95). Further, workers with total sleep duration of 7–8 h, night workers, and white-collar workers with CUS were at relatively low risk of dyslipidemia compared to the non-CUS group. Less than 2 h of weekend CUS was negatively related to dyslipidemia in Korean workers, especially males. This suggests that sleeping more on weekends for workers who had a lack of sleep during the week can help prevent dyslipidemia.
One-class machine learning classification of skin tissue based on manually scanned optical coherence tomography imaging
Authors: Liu Xuan , Ouellette Samantha , Jamgochian Marielle , Liu Yuwei , Rao Babar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe investigated a method for automatic skin tissue characterization based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. We developed a manually scanned single fiber OCT instrument to perform in vivo skin imaging and tumor boundary assessment. The goal is to achieve more accurate tissue excision in Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) and reduce the time required for MMS. The focus of this study was to develop a novel machine learning classification method to automatically identify abnormal skin tissues through one-class classification. We trained a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) with a U-Net architecture for automatic skin segmentation, used the pre-trained U-Net as a feature extractor, and trained one-class support vector machine (SVM) classifiers to detect abnormal tissues. The novelty of this study is the use of a neural network as a feature extractor and the use of a one-class SVM for abnormal tissue detection. Our approach eliminated the need to engineer the features for classification and eliminated the need to train the classifier with data obtained from abnormal tissues. To validate the effectiveness of the one-class classification method, we assessed the performance of our algorithm using computer synthesized data, and experimental data. We also performed a pilot study on a patient with skin cancer.
ATM inhibitor KU60019 synergistically sensitizes lung cancer cells to topoisomerase II poisons by multiple mechanisms
Authors: Shu Jianfeng , Wang Xiaofang , Yang Xuejie , Zhao Guofang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractType II topoisomerases (TOP2) poisons represent one class of the most successful and widely prescribed chemotherapeutics, which is frontline therapy for a myriad of systemic cancers and solid tumors, including lymphomas, leukemias, and lung cancer. Despite this, treatment with this class of drugs induces unwanted side effects (including cardiovascular morbidity and secondary malignancies). Additionally, the emergence of drug resistance also greatly compromises the clinical use of these drugs. To enhance therapeutic efficiency while lowering unwanted side effects, new insights into effective combination therapy are required. In this study we found that KU60019, a novel, and highly specific ATM kinase inhibitor interferes with the association of ATM with TOP2β and stabilizes TOP2β-DNA cleavage complex, thereby impairing the repair of TOP2 poison-induced DSBs and contributes to genome stability, leading to accelerated cell death. In H1299 as well as in A549 lung cancer cell lines, biologically, KU60019 combined with VP-16 (one of the TOP2 poisons) synergistically suppressed the growth of cells and survival and triggered a much higher apoptosis rate. In summary, we provide a proof-of-concept strategy that ATM inhibitors combined with TOP2 poison would synergistically suppresses lung cancer cell survival as well as reduce DNA damage responses, thus may lowering the possibility of cardiotoxicity and secondary malignancy linked to therapy.
Sex-dependent effects of canagliflozin and dapagliflozin on hemostasis in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic mice
Authors: Marcińczyk Natalia , Misztal Tomasz , Chabielska Ewa , Gromotowicz-Popławska Anna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are antihyperglycemic drugs that decrease mortality from cardiovascular diseases. However, their effects on hemostasis in the cardioprotective effects have not been evaluated. Therefore, the effects of canagliflozin (CANA, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) and dapagliflozin (DAPA, 10 mg/kg, p.o.) on the parameters of hemostasis were investigated in female and male normoglycemic and streptozotocin (180 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced diabetic mice. CANA and DAPA reduced platelet activity in thrombus in male and female mice both normoglycemic and diabetic. CANA decreased thrombus formation in diabetic male mice, and platelet activation to ADP in diabetic female and male mice. Activation of fibrinolysis was observed in female mice, both normoglycemic and diabetic. DAPA reduced thrombus formation in diabetic male and female mice, and decreased platelet activation to ADP and fibrin formation in diabetic male mice. DAPA increased fibrin formation in normoglycemic female mice and activated fibrinolysis in diabetic female mice. CANA and DAPA exerted sex-specific effects, which were more pronounced in hyperglycemia. The antithrombotic effect of CANA and DAPA was more noticeable in male mice and could be due to platelet inhibition. The effect on coagulation and fibrinolysis was not clear since an increased coagulation and fibrinolysis were observed only in female mice.
Energy efficiency maximisation for STAR‐RIS assisted full‐duplex communications
Authors: Guan Pengxin , Wang Yiru , Yu Hongkang , Zhao Yuping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractReconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has emerged as a promising technique for enhancing the performance of wireless networks. However, the traditional reflecting‐only RIS requires that the transmitter and receiver ought to be on the same side of the RIS, limiting the flexibility of RIS deployment. To overcome this drawback, a new simultaneous transmission and reflection reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR‐RIS) has been proposed. Different from STAR‐RIS assisted half‐duplex systems in the existing literature, this work investigates a novel STAR‐RIS aided full‐duplex (FD) communication system. An FD base station (BS) communicates with an uplink (UL) user and a downlink user simultaneously over the same time‐frequency dimension assisted by a STAR‐RIS. The authors aim to maximise the energy efficiency by jointly optimising the transmit power of the BS and the UL user and the passive beamforming at the STAR‐RIS. The authors decouple the non‐convex problem into two subproblems and optimise them iteratively. The Dinkelbach's method is used to solve the power optimisation subproblem, whereas the penalty‐based method and successive convex approximation are applied to design the passive beamforming. The convergence and complexity of the proposed algorithm are also analysed. The simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed scheme compared with other baseline schemes.
Joint correction method for ionospheric phase pollution of high‐frequency sky‐surface wave radar based on adaptive optimal path
Authors: Li Yajun , Wang Zhuoqun , Zhang Wenhao , Lu Zhuhao , Xu Lin , Wang Zhicheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe high‐frequency (HF) hybrid sky‐surface wave system is a new early warning radar. However, due to the influence of bistatic angle and ionospheric phase path disturbance, the echo spectrum will be widened, which seriously affects the ability of detecting slow targets of ships. In view of the overlapping of positive and negative Bragg broadening peaks caused by the large amplitude ionospheric phase path disturbance in the echo spectrum of HF sky‐surface wave radar, a joint correction method of ionospheric phase pollution based on adaptive optimal path is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the time‐frequency spectrum polluted by ionospheric phase is obtained by high resolution time‐frequency MUSIC transform, then the ionospheric phase disturbance curve in the time spectrum of polluted echo is extracted by the proposed adaptive optimal path method, and then the polluted echo is initially compensated to obtain the sharpened ocean echo spectrum. Finally, the residual phase of pollution curve is estimated by the Phase Gradient Autofocus method, and then the pollution echo is accurately corrected. The results of theoretical and measured data show that this method is effective in correcting the overlapping of positive and negative Bragg broadening peaks caused by serious ionospheric phase pollution.
Celestial frame tie from simulations using phase referencing to GNSS satellites
Authors: Liu L. , Heinkelmann R. , Liu T. , Liu J. , Sun M. , Zhang B. , Ma Y. , Li J. , Lv Z. , Schuh H. , Xu G. 
Published: January 2023

Aims.For decades now, researchers have been looking for a way to tie the kinematic and dynamic reference frames. Certain worldwide organizations have looked to using co-location in space, combining various techniques. Given the long list of possible applications of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), it is worthwhile investigating the connection between the most accurate and stable International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) and the Earth-centered Celestial Inertial reference frame (ECI) used in GNSS data processing.Methods.We simulated phase-referencing observations of GNSS satellites and nearby radio source calibrators to realize the connection between the two celestial reference frames. We designed two schemes for observation plans. One scheme is to select the satellite target when it can be observed by the greatest number of stations in order to obtain high-precision positioning. During each scan, we employ four regional networks to simultaneously track four chosen satellites. The alternative scheme is to observe satellite orbits of as many satellites as possible on different daily observations. In addition, to test the two schemes, we used Monte Carlo methods to generate 1000 groups of random errors in the simulation.Results.Finally, we estimate the right ascension and declination offsets (∆α, ∆δ) of GNSS satellites in the ICRF, and then derive frame tie parameters based on those results: three global rotation angles (A1,A2,A3). The celestial angular offset results assessed from the former scheme show that this scheme leads to high precision of namely 1 mas, while the parameters of the frame tie determined from the second scheme can achieve an improved precision of better than 1.3 µas.
Poynting-Robertson effect on black-hole-driven winds
Authors: Marzi M. , Tombesi F. , Luminari A. , Fukumura K. , Kazanas D. 
Published: January 2023

Context. Layers of ionized plasma in the form of winds ejected from the accretion disk of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are frequently observed in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Winds with a velocity often exceeding 0.1c are called ultrafast outflows (UFOs) and thanks to their high power they can play a key role in the co-evolution between the SMBH and the host galaxy. In order to construct a realistic model of the properties of these winds, it is necessary to consider special relativistic corrections due to their very high velocities.
Aims. We present a derivation of the Poynting–Robertson effect (P–R effect) and apply it to the description of the dynamics of UFOs. The P–R effect is a special relativistic correction that breaks the isotropy of the radiation emitted by a moving particle, funneling the radiation in the direction of motion. As a result of the conservation of the four-momentum, the emitting particles are subjected to a drag force and decelerate.
Methods. We provide a derivation of the drag force caused by the P–R effect starting from general Lorentz transformations and assuming isotropic emission in the gas reference frame. We then derive the equations to easily implement this drag force in future simulations. Finally, we apply them in a simple case in which we assume that the gas can be described by a toy model in which the gas particles move radially under the influence of the gravitation force, the force caused by radiation pressure, and the drag force due to the P–R effect.
Results. The P–R effect plays an important role in determining the velocity profile of the wind. For a wind launched from r0 = 10rS (where rS stands for the Schwarzschild radius), the asymptotic velocity reached by the wind is between 10% and 24% lower than if we neglect the P–R effect. This result demonstrates that, in order to obtain proper values of the mass and energy outflow rates, the P–R effect should be taken into account when studying the dynamics of high-velocity, photoionized outflows in general.
Electrochemical Deoxygenation of Alcohols into Alkanes
Authors: Guo Weisi , Liu Jiayi , Li Xiao , Chen Xinhao , Wang Tao , Xin Liantao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA direct electrochemical reductive approach for deoxygenation of alcohols has been developed in the presence of substoichiometric amount of AlCl3. The released Al ions from the sacrificial Al anode could combine with the chloride anion to regenerate the Lewis acid.
New Demethylated Derivatives of Carolacton and Structure–Activity Relationship (SAR) Studies on Their Biofilm Inhibitory Properties
Authors: Kirschning Andreas , Ammermann Jonas , Meyer Janina , Donner Jannik , Reck Michael , Wagner-Döbler Irene 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe total synthesis of a series of new carolacton derivatives that mainly lack selected methyl substituents along the polyketide backbone is reported. Their inhibitory activity towards bacterial biofilms revealed that selective removal of the methyl group at C10 does not have a major effect on biological activity, whereas additional removal of the methyl group at C14 in carolacton results in a large decrease in antibacterial activity. A key new feature of this work is the replacement of the Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi (NHK) vinylation with a titanium-mediated protocol for the fusion of the two main fragments.
Synthesis of Dithioacetals through Iodine-Promoted Insertion Reactions of Vinylsilane to Disulfides and its Application to Diselenoacetalization
Authors: Sakai Norio , Fukuda Kurumi , Ogiwara Yohei , Ishida Kento 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDescribed herein is an iodide-promoted insertion reaction of vinyltrimethylsilane into diaryl or dialkyl disulfides in the presence of iodine/KF leading to the production of a 1,1′-adduct, a dithioacetal derivative. This method also accomplishes insertion into a diaryl diselenide to afford the corresponding diselenoacetal derivative.
Do regenerative grazing management practices improve vegetation and soil health in grazed rangelands? Preliminary insights from a space-for-time study in the Great Barrier Reef catchments, Australia
Authors: Bartley Rebecca , Abbott Brett N. , Ghahramani Afshin , Ali Aram , Kerr Rod , Roth Christian H. , Kinsey-Henderson Anne 
Published: January 2023

Regenerative grazing, which generally involves some form of rotational grazing with strategic rest, is increasingly seen as a profitable management approach that will accelerate landscape recovery. However, there is limited quantitative evidence supporting the benefits of this approach in northern Australia. This space-for-time study collected vegetation and soil data from a range of properties in the Burdekin catchment in Queensland that have implemented regenerative grazing strategies for between 5 and 20 years. Data were also collected at adjacent control sites that did not undergo regenerative grazing, but where more traditional continuous set-stocking grazing approaches were applied. Coincident data were also collected from several sites where grazing had been excluded for ~30 years. Data suggested that improvements in vegetation, soil and land condition can be obtained from implementing regenerative grazing principles, although it is likely to take at least 3–5 years, and up to 15–20 years for statistically significant improvements to be measurable at a site, particularly for areas that are moving from a degraded baseline condition. Vegetation attributes such as plant biomass and basal area and litter incorporation all appeared to be better surrogates than percentage ground cover for representing improved landscape condition and soil health. Sites that maintained remotely sensed percentage ground cover at or above the minimally disturbed reference benchmark levels for >10 years, as well as having statistically higher biomass, basal area and litter, had significant increases in total nitrogen (TN) and soil organic carbon (SOC) relative to the local control site. Although there are indications that regenerative grazing can lead to improvements in land condition, this study does not enable us to conclude whether regenerative grazing will accelerate improvements compared with other best-practice grazing land management (GLM) approaches, and further research on the social and economic dimensions of regenerative grazing is needed.
Path instability of an air bubble rising in water
Authors: Herrada Miguel A. , Eggers Jens G. 
Published: January 2023

It has been documented since the Renaissance that an air bubble rising in water will deviate from its straight, steady path to perform a periodic zigzag or spiral motion once the bubble is above a critical size. Yet, unsteady bubble rise has resisted quantitative description, and the physical mechanism remains in dispute. Using a numerical mapping technique, we for the first time find quantitative agreement with high-precision measurements of the instability. Our linear stability analysis shows that the straight path of an air bubble in water becomes unstable to a periodic perturbation (a Hopf bifurcation) above a critical spherical radius of
R
= 0.926 mm, within 2% of the experimental value. While it was previously believed that the bubble’s wake becomes unstable, we now demonstrate a new mechanism, based on the interplay between flow and bubble deformation.