bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dust sources over the Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Gandham Harikishan , Dasari Hari Prasad , Saharwardi Md Saquib , Karumuri Ashok , Hoteit Ibrahim 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study explores the characteristics of crucial dust sources and changes in their emissions over the Arabian Peninsula (AP) over the 2000–2022 period using high-resolution dust aerosol optical depth data from the Moderate Resolution Imagining Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol measurements onboard Terra and Aqua platforms. The MODIS dust retrievals successfully unravel the hitherto-unexplored key dust source regions and spatial heterogeneity in dust emissions. Critically, MODIS-defined dust sources display a robust geomorphological signature. In Iraq, the Tigris and Euphrates River basins contain extensive dust sources; the Euphrates dust sources are stronger and more widespread. Localized dust sources are noticed over Syria. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the eastern province particularly facilitates extensive dust activity. Oman is the prominent dust source in the southern AP due to the presence of intruding sand dunes. Dust emissions in the Iraq and KSA regions exhibit a significant negative correlation with the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index, a drought index, establishing that the local droughts enhance the dust emissions in these regions. The recent sustained droughts from 2008 to 2013 caused a remarkable escalation in the dust emissions in these regions through the modification of land surface conditions.
Constraining decadal variability regionally improves near-term projections of hot, cold and dry extremes
Authors: De Luca P , Delgado-Torres C , Mahmood R , Samso-Cabre M , Donat M G 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Hot, cold and dry meteorological extremes are often linked with severe impacts on the public health, agricultural, energy and environmental sectors. Skillful predictions of such extremes could therefore enable stakeholders to better plan and adapt to future impacts of these events. The intensity, duration and frequency of such extremes are affected by anthropogenic climate change and modulated by different modes of climate variability. Here, we use a large multi-model ensemble from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) and constrain these simulations by sub-selecting those members whose global sea surface temperature anomaly patterns are most similar to observations at a given point in time, thereby phasing in the decadal climate variability with observations. Hot and cold extremes are skillfully predicted over most of the globe, with also a widespread added value from using the constrained ensemble compared to the unconstrained full CMIP6 ensemble. On the other hand, dry extremes only show skill in some regions with results sensitive to the index used. Still, we find skillful predictions and added skill for dry extremes in some regions such as Western North America, Southern central and Eastern Europe, Southeastern Australia, Southern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. We also find that the added skill in the constrained ensemble is due to a combination of improved multi-decadal variations in phase with observed climate extremes and improved representation of long-term changes. Our results demonstrate that constraining decadal variability in climate projections can provide improved estimates of temperature extremes and drought in the next 20 years, which can inform targeted adaptation strategies to near-term climate change.
Stability condition of the steady oscillations in aggregation models with shattering process and self-fragmentation
Authors: Fortin Jean-Yves , Choi MooYoung 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We consider a system of clusters of various sizes or masses, subject to aggregation and fragmentation by collision with monomers or by self-disintegration. The aggregation rate for the cluster of size or mass k is given by a kernel proportional to k

a
, whereas the collision and disintegration kernels are given by

λ

k

b

and

μ

k

a

, respectively, with

0
⩽
a
,
b
⩽
1

and positive factors λ and µ. We study the emergence of oscillations in the phase diagram

(
μ
,
λ
)

for two models:

(
a
,
b
)
=
(
1
,
0
)

and

(
1
,
1
)

. It is shown that the monomer population satisfies a class of integral equations possessing oscillatory solutions in a finite domain in the plane

(
μ
,
λ
)

. We evaluate analytically this domain and give an estimate of the oscillation frequency. In particular, these oscillations are found to occur generally for small but nonzero values of the parameter µ, far smaller than λ.
The cost of stochastic resetting
Authors: Sunil John C , Blythe Richard A , Evans Martin R , Majumdar Satya N 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Resetting a stochastic process has been shown to expedite the completion time of some complex tasks, such as finding a target for the first time. Here we consider the cost of resetting by associating to each reset a cost, which is a function of the distance travelled during the reset event. We compute the Laplace transform of the joint probability of first passage time

t

f

, number of resets N and total resetting cost C, and use this to study the statistics of the total cost and also the time to completion

. We show that in the limit of zero resetting rate, the mean total cost is finite for a linear cost function, vanishes for a sub-linear cost function and diverges for a super-linear cost function. This result contrasts with the case of no resetting where the cost is always zero. We also find that the resetting rate which optimizes the mean time to completion may be increased or decreased with respect to the case of no resetting cost according to the choice of cost function. For the case of an exponentially increasing cost function, we show that the mean total cost diverges at a finite resetting rate. We explain this by showing that the distribution of the cost has a power-law tail with a continuously varying exponent that depends on the resetting rate.
A scalable human iPSC-based neuromuscular disease model on suspended biobased elastomer nanofiber scaffolds
Authors: Cheesbrough Aimee , Harley Peter , Riccio Federica , Wu Lei , Song Wenhui , Lieberam Ivo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Many devastating neuromuscular diseases currently lack effective treatments. This is in part due to a lack of drug discovery platforms capable of assessing complex human neuromuscular disease phenotypes in a scalable manner. A major obstacle has been generating scaffolds to stabilise mature contractile myofibers in a multi-well assay format amenable to high content image (HCI) analysis. This study describes the development of a scalable human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-neuromuscular disease model, whereby suspended elastomer nanofibers support long-term stability, alignment, maturation, and repeated contractions of iPSC-myofibers, innervated by iPSC-motor neurons in 96-well assay plates. In this platform, optogenetic stimulation of the motor neurons elicits robust myofiber-contractions, providing a functional readout of neuromuscular transmission. Additionally, HCI analysis provides rapid and automated quantification of axonal outgrowth, myofiber morphology, and neuromuscular synapse number and morphology. By incorporating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-related TDP-43G298S mutant motor neurons and CRISPR-corrected controls, key neuromuscular disease phenotypes are recapitulated, including weaker myofiber contractions, reduced axonal outgrowth, and reduced number of neuromuscular synapses. Treatment with a candidate ALS drug, the receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 (RIPK1)-inhibitor necrostatin-1, rescues these phenotypes in a dose-dependent manner, highlighting the potential of this platform to screen novel treatments for neuromuscular diseases.
DWH24: a new antibody for fluorescence-based cell death analysis
Authors: Ryschich Anna , Dong Yan , Schäfer Michael , Ryschich Eduard , Karakhanova Svetlana 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Antibodies have gained considerable importance in laboratory and clinical settings. Currently, antibodies are extensively employed for the diagnosis and treatment of several human diseases. Herein, using targeted and cell immunisation approaches, we developed and characterised an antibody clone, DWH24. We found that DWH24 is an IgM κ type antibody that enables excellent visualisation and quantification of dead cells using immunofluorescence, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry. This property was proved by the spontaneous cell death of several tumour cell lines and stimulated T cells, as well as after chemo- and photodynamic therapy. Unlike conventional apoptosis and cell death markers, DWH24 binding occurred in a Ca2+- and protein-independent manner and enabled live imaging of cell death progress, as shown using time-lapse microscopy. The binding specificity of DWH24 was analysed using a human proteome microarray, which revealed a complex response profile with very high spot intensities against various proteins, such as tropomyosin variants and FAM131C. Accordingly, DWH24 can be employed as a suitable tool for the cost-effective and universal analysis of cell death using fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry.
Spatial matching relationship between health tourism destinations and population aging in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration
Authors: Shi Song , Liu Guilin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In order to address population aging and the healthy China strategy, this paper takes three provinces and one city in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration as the empirical target. Firstly, using the 2010 and 2020 census data, and taking the aging coefficient and the density of the elderly population as the basic research indexes, this paper adopts the center of gravity migration model and the standard deviation ellipse to outline the spatial evolution path of the aging coefficient and the density of the elderly population. Second, using the data of recreational tourism sites in each prefecture-level city of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration from 2016 to 2022, the closest neighbor index is used to judge the overall distribution characteristics of recreational tourism sites, and the judgment results are further verified with the help of Tyson polygonal analysis. Finally, based on the cross-section data of the elderly population in 2020, the spatial distribution of recreation and tourism sites and the elderly population are matched by the geographic concentration index, the center of gravity model and the matching coefficient. The results show that (1) the degree of population aging is deepening, and the characteristics of spatial Agglomeration are obvious, but the development speed among regions is inconsistent; (2) the distribution of health tourism destinations is wide and uneven between regions, showing the characteristics of ‘overall dispersion and local concentration’; (3) the spatial distribution of health tourism destinations and the elderly population shows a certain matching relationship, but the matching degree is not high. With the Yangtze River as the boundary, the distribution of health tourism destinations is ‘high in the south and low in the north’ and assumes a ladder shape from south to north, with obvious regional differences. Overall, health tourism lags behind the development process of aging.
Ab initio calculation of electron-phonon linewidths and molecular dynamics with electronic friction at metal surfaces with numeric atom-centred orbitals
Authors: Box Connor L , Stark Wojciech G , Maurer Reinhard J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Molecular motion at metallic surfaces is affected by nonadiabatic effects and electron-phonon coupling. The ensuing energy dissipation and dynamical steering effects are not captured by classical molecular dynamics simulations, but can be described with the molecular dynamics with electronic friction method and linear response calculations based on density functional theory. Herein, we present an implementation of electron-phonon response based on an all-electron numeric atomic orbital description in the electronic structure code FHI-aims. After providing details of the underlying approximations and numerical considerations, we present significant scalability and performance improvements of the new code compared to a previous implementation (Maurer et al 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 115432). We compare convergence behaviour and results of our simulations for exemplary systems such as H2 adsorption on Cu(111), and CO on Ru(0001) against existing plane wave implementations. We examine different expressions to calculate electronic friction and vibrational lifetimes for their reliability and ease of convergence. Finally, we show the capabilities of the new code by studying the contribution of interband and intraband excitations to the vibrational lifetime of aperiodic adsorbate motion in large, previously unfeasible, periodic surface models.
Photothermal superhydrophobic copper nanowire assemblies: fabrication and deicing/defrosting applications
Authors: Yang Siyan , Li Qixun , Du Bingang , Ying Yushan , Zeng Yijun , Jin Yuankai , Qin Xuezhi , Gao Shouwei , Wang Steven , Wang Zuankai , Wen Rongfu , Ma Xuehu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Ice and frost buildup continuously pose significant challenges to multiple fields. As a promising de-icing/defrosting alternative, designing photothermal coatings that leverage on the abundant sunlight source on the earth to facilitate ice/frost melting has attracted tremendous attention recently. However, previous designs suffered from either localized surface heating owing to the limited thermal conductivity or unsatisfied meltwater removal rate due to strong water/substrate interaction. Herein, we developed a facile approach to fabricate surfaces that combine photothermal, heat-conducting, and superhydrophobic properties into one to achieve efficient de-icing and defrosting. Featuring copper nanowire assemblies, such surfaces were fabricated via the simple template-assisted electrodeposition method, allowing us to tune the nanowire assembly geometry by adjusting the template dimensions and electrodeposition time. The highly ordered copper nanowire assemblies facilitated efficient sunlight absorption and lateral heat spreading, resulting in a fast overall temperature rise to enable the thawing of ice and frost. Further promoted by the excellent water repellency of the surface, the thawed ice and frost could be spontaneously and promptly removed. In this way, the all-in-one design enabled highly enhanced de-icing and defrosting performance compared to other nanostructured surfaces merely with superhydrophobicity, photothermal effect, or the combination of both. In particular, the defrosting efficiency could approach ∼100%, which was the highest compared to previous studies. Overall, our approach demonstrates a promising path toward designing highly effective artificial deicing/defrosting surfaces.
Living with the Victorians
Authors: Hewitt Martin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the legacies and afterlives of the Victorians, the many ways in which the Victorians have refused to be consigned to history and continued to be an active presence in the 20th century, and indeed remain so today. It asks why the Victorians should be uniquely present in this way, and explores this question by considering how Victorian Britain has been used as a sounding board, or an alter ego, by which all sorts of practices and values, the cultural canon, political values, and social and economic policy can be contextualized and evaluated. It examines how far, especially in Britain, the Victorians became both a source of nostalgia and repugnance, and traces these competing responses in the way the Victorians have been written about.
The Victorian as period
Authors: Hewitt Martin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines why it makes sense to consider the reign of Queen Victoria, between 1837 and 1901, as a distinct historical period. While acknowledging that the longevity of the Queen herself eventually played a part in creating the continuities which contributed to this process, it argues that the identity of the Victorian period arose out of the largely accidental coincidence of the start and end of the Queen’s reign with two periods of very significant political, economic, and social change, one in the 1830s and the other in the years around 1900. Within this it explores the way the whole period can be usefully understood as comprising four different sub-periods, each marked off by further moments of significant transformation: the early Victorian period, which came to an end as the economy achieved greater stability in the years around 1848; a mid-Victorian period characterized by a political and cultural ‘equipoise’, which ended with the crises of the mid-1860s; and a ‘high Victorian’ period which lasted until the next moment of concentrated change in 1884 and 1885, which brought in a late-Victorian period marked by a certain fin de siècle anxiety and rebelliousness.
Victorianism
Authors: Hewitt Martin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the way in which the reputation of the Victorians and understandings of the Victorian period have been especially framed in terms of a particular set of attitudes or values and the behaviours associated with them, which came to be known as ‘Victorianism’, including prudery and sexual repression, repressive religiosity, individualism and the ‘gospel of self-help’, class snobbery and rigid etiquettes and social conventions, a complacent belief in progress and the superiority of British civilization, and a rather vulgar materialism. It explores the way that, like all good caricatures, these popular understandings of the Victorians contain a degree of truth, but also distort, exaggerate, and exclude other equally important ways of Victorian thinking and doing.
Victorian configurations
Authors: Hewitt Martin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter acts as a complement to the previous two, seeking to understand, if ‘Victorianism’ is a rather unsatisfactory caricature, and the Victorian period was made up of a number of sub-periods, what was it that made the period distinct and different from those that went before and after, what were the elements of continuity across the 60 years which give it a coherent character? It argues that we can see these by thinking about the nature of Victorian society, not just its values, but its institutions, its technologies, and above all its experiences, which it groups into five themes: politics and the state, economy and society, geographies and spaces, belief and doubt, and the Victorians’ own sense of living in a single common culture.
Creative mindset reduces racial ingroup bias in empathic neural responses
Authors: Huo Tengbin , Shamay-Tsoory Simone , Han Shihui 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Spontaneous racial categorization of other-race individuals provides a cognitive basis of racial ingroup biases in empathy and prosocial behavior. In two experiments, we investigated whether fostering a creativity mindset reduces racial ingroup biases in empathy and undermines spontaneous racial categorization of other-race faces. Before and after a creative mindset priming procedure that required the construction of novel objects using discreteness, we recorded electroencephalography signals to Asian and White faces with painful or neutral expressions from Chinese adults to assess neural activities underlying racial ingroup biases in empathy and spontaneous racial categorization of faces. We found that a frontal-central positive activity within 200 ms after face onset (P2) showed greater amplitudes to painful (vs. neutral) expressions of Asian compared with White faces and exhibited repetition suppression in response to White faces. These effects, however, were significantly reduced by creative mindset priming. Moreover, the creative mindset priming enhanced the P2 amplitudes to others’ pain to a larger degree in participants who created more novel objects. The priming effects were not observed in control participants who copied objects constructed by others. Our findings suggest that creative mindsets may reduce racial ingroup biases in empathic neural responses by undermining spontaneous racial categorization of faces.
Generation and propagation of bursts of activity in the developing basal ganglia
Authors: Klavinskis-Whiting Sebastian , Bitzenhofer Sebastian , Hanganu-Opatz Ileana , Ellender Tommas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The neonatal brain is characterized by intermittent bursts of oscillatory activity interspersed by relative silence. Although well-characterized for many cortical areas, to what extent these propagate and interact with subcortical brain areas is largely unknown. Here, early network activity was recorded from the developing basal ganglia, including motor/somatosensory cortex, dorsal striatum, and intralaminar thalamus, during the first postnatal weeks in mice. An unsupervised detection and classification method revealed two main classes of bursting activity, namely spindle bursts and nested gamma spindle bursts, characterized by oscillatory activity at ~ 10 and ~ 30 Hz frequencies, respectively. These were reliably identified across all three brain regions and exhibited region-specific differences in their structural, spectral, and developmental characteristics. Bursts of the same type often co-occurred in different brain regions and coherence and cross-correlation analyses reveal dynamic developmental changes in their interactions. The strongest interactions were seen for cortex and striatum, from the first postnatal week onwards, and cortex appeared to drive burst events in subcortical regions. Together, these results provide the first detailed description of early network activity within the developing basal ganglia and suggest that cortex is one of the main drivers of activity in downstream nuclei during this postnatal period.
IBD Camp Oasis: A look at Participants’ Social-Emotional Well-Being and Protective Factors During Camp and Beyond
Authors: Singh Namita , Steiner Steven J , Fauth Rebecca , Moosmann Danyel , Arnold Janis , Elkadri Abdul , Marinoni Daniel , Molloy Laurel , Johnson Rescola Becky , Tung Jeanne , Utterson Elizabeth C 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Camp Oasis is an annual week-long camp serving children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and hosted by the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation. Youth with IBD are at increased risk for mental health challenges, with Camp Oasis potentially mitigating these risks. The aim of this study is to measure change in and predictors of social-emotional well-being and protective factors of self-worth as a result of attending Camp Oasis.

Methods
Between 2012 and 2019, a voluntary survey was administered to participants and their caregivers to reflect on their perceptions of social/emotional well-being and protective factors related to chronic disease. T-tests compared change in participants’ and caregivers’ perceptions before and after camp; path analyses examined the key predictors of social-emotional well-being.

Results
A total of 6011 online surveys were analyzed. Participants and caregivers reported consistently positive perceptions of participants’ experiences during and after camp. Significant improvements in confidence, independence, activity, comfort around others, being more open about disease, and taking medication as expected were observed. Being new to Camp Oasis was one of the strongest predictors of both disease-related self-efficacy and social connections after camp.

Conclusions
The uniformly high rates of participants’ perceptions during camp suggest camp is a life-changing experience for youth with IBD, reduces disease-related stigma, and enhances confidence and social skills. Participants’ positive experiences appear to foster notable benefits after camp in terms of openness, their sense of belonging, connections, and confidence.