bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of cathodic protection of EC/ZRCs on defective areas under atmospheric and immersion conditions: secondary activation of zinc particles
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Zhang wei , Xia Wenting , Zhang Guoqing , Qian Sicheng , Lin Zhifeng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The cathodic protection of epoxy coating/epoxy zinc-rich coatings on the defective areas under atmospheric and immersion conditions was studied via wire beam electrode, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and surface morphology analysis. The results showed that the cathodic protection processes under the two test conditions displayed significant differences. The effective protection time of the defective area under the atmospheric condition was 1.7 times that under the immersion condition. Compared with the immersion condition, zinc particles in zinc-rich coatings under atmospheric conditions exhibited higher cathodic protection efficiency. The possible activation mechanism of zinc particles under the two conditions was elucidated.
A modified two-switch SEPIC converter and its efficient switching function for grid-connected PV Applications
Authors: L Hubert Tony Raj , Nadar Edward Rajan Samuel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper shows a non-isolated modified two switch single-ended primary converter (SEPIC) using voltage multiplier cells. In addition to increasing voltage gain, lowering the duty cycle, and minimising voltage stress across the switches, the proposed enhanced SEPIC converter is made to provide a steady current at the input. The converter will be suited for renewable energy applications due to these enhancements. The proposed two-switch modified SEPIC converter (TSMSC) is validated in this paper by analysing its operation in continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The proposed converter is evaluated against other converters based on a review of its operating modes. The MATLAB simulation is done for 200 W, 20 V/200 V and 50 kHz set up to evaluate the proposed converter. Using the results of MATLAB simulations, the performance of the proposed converter is assessed and validated. This paper also indicates maximum power tracking in a photovoltaic (PV) system using a two-switch modified SEPIC converter and a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The maximum amount of electricity generated by the PV module is regulated by the fuzzy logic controller. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in PV systems under changing irradiation circumstances is described, along with comparisons to the perturbation and observation (P&O) method.
Identification of routes contaminated by industrial processes
Authors: Osornio-Berthet L. J. , Melendez-Estrada J. , García-Martinez M. , Cruz-Castro O. , Gomez-Nuñez J. , Beltrán-Rocha J. C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The present paper shows an innovative methodology for the detection of potentially contaminated routes through a varied analysis depending on the occurrence and frequency in a specific place. One of the tools used is the Geographic Information System (GIS), which was used for the analysis and identification of industrial routes from which pollutants potentially harmful to health are derived. These industries are classified according to the pollutants whose emissions and effluents vary according to the economic line of business; they were also classified according to the number of people working in them. To calculate the area susceptible to contamination and the population exposed, the main roads (canals, tributary rivers) affected by these discharges were located. The case study is the José Antonio Alzate dam, one of the most important dams in Mexico, which is going through one of the worst stages in its history due to the excessive amount of toxic waste discharged into the José Antonio Alzate river and some tributaries. In the present paper were identified qualitatively and quantitatively 567 industries whose activities directly affect approximately 2.5% of the population, as well as the polluting routes.
Association between plasma proteome and glioma: A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Xie Zhihao , Xu Meng , Wang Wentao , Wang Lei , Wang Chongcheng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Glioma is the most common malignant tumor in the central nervous system, and patients generally have a poor prognosis. Biomarker research can help improve early diagnosis and treatment of gliomas. As plasma proteins can sample of the body's health status and is easy to access, it has become promising biomarkers for gliomas. Our objective is to explore the association between plasma proteins and glioma and to identify new therapeutic targets and biomarkers for glioma.
Methods
We used pQTLs of plasma proteins from the INTERVAL and Icelanders’ cohorts as instrumental variables and conducted Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses using five models (Wald ratio, IVW, MR-Egger, Weighted Median, MRPRESSO).
Results
The results showed that 13 plasma proteins (CHST9, RACGAP1, IL18R1, FCRL3, ERAP1, GRN, MLN, TDGF1, SIRPB1, C1QTNF1, TAPBPL, TMPRSS11D, TPST2) had a causal relationship with gliomas, with five being risk factors (SIRPB1, RACGAP1, MLN, CHST9, TPST2) and eight being protective factors (TMPRSS11D, C1QTNF1, GRN, IL18R1, FCRL3, TAPBPL, ERAP1, TDGF1). Many of these are reported for the first time. Reverse Mendelian randomization analysis showed that there was no reverse causality between those proteins and glioma.
Conclusion
Our study reports multiple biomarkers for gliomas, which may provide some reference for the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas and future research.
Magnetar emergence in a peculiar gamma-ray burst from a compact star merger
Authors: Zhang Binbin , Sun Hui , Wang C.-W. , Yang Jun , Xiong Shaolin , Yin Yi-Han , Liu Yuan , Li Ye , Xue W.C. , Yan Z.-Y. , Zhang C. , Tan W.-J. , Pan H.-W. , Liu Jia-Cong , Cheng H.-Q. , Zhang Yan-Qiu , Hu J.-W. , Zheng Chao , An Z.-H. , Cai C. , Hu Lei , Jin C. , Li D.-Y. , Li Xin , Liu H.-Y. , Liu M. , Peng W.X , Song Liming , Sun S.-L , Sun X.-J , Wang X.-L. , Wen X.Y. , Xiao S. , Yi S.-X. , Zhang F. , Zhang W.-D. , Zhang X.-F. , Zhang Y.-H , Zhao D.-H. , Zheng S.J. , Ling Z.-X. , Zhang Shuang-Nan , Yuan Weimin , Zhang Bing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The central engine that powers gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), the most powerful explosions in the universe, is still not identified. Besides hyper-accreting black holes, rapidly spinning and highly magnetized neutron stars, known as millisecond magnetars, have been suggested to power both long and short GRBs1–7. The presence of a magnetar engine following compact star mergers is of particular interest as it would provide essential constraints on the poorly understood equation of state for neutron stars8, 9. Indirect indications of a magnetar engine in these merger sources have been observed in the form of plateau features present in the X-ray afterglow light curves of some short GRBs10, 11. Additionally, some X-ray transients lacking gamma-ray bursts (GRB-less) have been identified as potential magnetar candidates originating from compact star mergers6, 12, 13. Nevertheless, smoking gun evidence is still lacking for a magnetar engine in short GRBs, and the associated theoretical challenges have been addressed14. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of the broad-band prompt emission data of a peculiar, very bright GRB 230307A. Despite its apparently long duration, the prompt emission and host galaxy properties point toward a compact star merger origin, being consistent with its association with a kilonova15. More intriguingly, an extended X-ray emission component emerges as the γ-ray emission dies out, signifying the emergence of a magnetar central engine. We also identify an achromatic temporal break in the high-energy band during the prompt emission phase, which was never observed in previous bursts and reveals a narrow jet with half opening angle of approximately 3.4◦.
Evaluation of historical CMIP6 model simulations and future climate change projections in the Baro River Basin
Authors: Gebisa Bekele Terefe , Dibaba Wakjira Takala , Kabeta Alemayehu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

This study evaluated the performance of five Global Climate Model (GCM) outputs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) in reproducing the historical precipitation and temperature. Observational data from the National Meteorological Agency are used for model evaluation and bias correction. Then, the projections from representative GCMs are used to understand the future climate (2031–2060) of the Baro River Basin under two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) with respect to the historical datasets (1985–2014). Statistical metrics (percent of bias, root mean square error, and coefficient of determination) are used to assess the model's performance in reproducing precipitation and temperature and Compromise Programming (CP) was used in ranking GCMs. GFDL-CM4, INM-CM5-0, and INM-CM4-8 models for precipitation; CMCC-ESM2, MRI-ESM2-0, and INM-CM4-8 for maximum temperature; and GFDL-CM4, INM-CM4-8, and INM-CM5-0 for minimum temperature were selected based on their better simulation. The projected annual precipitation shows increases of 6% under SSP2-4.5 and 16.46% under SSP5-8.5. The mean annual maximum and minimum temperature show increases of 1.43 and 1.96 °C under SSP2-4.5, and 1.81 and 3.11 °C under SSP5-8.5, respectively. Overall, the ensemble of three models outperforms the ensemble of all models for the Baro River Basin when utilising the representative GCMs.
Establishing the optimal condition for nutrient recovery from domestic wastewater using the freeze concentration method
Authors: Muga Elly Chimoto , Komakech Hans Charles , Jande Yusufu Abeid-Chande 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The freezing concentration method is one of the potential techniques for recovering nutrients from wastewater. In this study, the method of freeze concentration was studied to establish its optimal conditions in recovering nitrate-nitrogen and phosphate nutrients from domestic wastewater. Water in the form of an ice crystal block is produced and leaves behind a solution with a higher concentration. The effects of coolant temperature from −10 to −80 °C, freezing time from 1 to 8 h, and energy consumption on nutrient recovery were investigated. The optimal conditions were found at a coolant temperature of −20 °C, freezing time of 7 h, and energy consumption of 0.197 kWh/L that resulted in the highest nitrate-nitrogen and phosphate nutrient recovery values of 1.114 and 4.667, respectively, at the inlet of anaerobic digester 1; 1.325 and 4.975, respectively, at the outlet of anaerobic digester 1; 1.099 and 4.859, respectively, at the inlet of anaerobic digester 2; 1.132 and 4.755, respectively, at the outlet of anaerobic digester 2; and for gravel filter at the outlet the values were 1.111 and 4.861, respectively. The recovered nutrients can be used as biofertilizers.
Evaluation of the sensitivity of the RUSLE erosion model to rainfall erosivity: a case study of the Ksob watershed in central Algeria
Authors: Sakhraoui Fouad , Hasbaia Mahmoud 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Water erosion is a serious challenge in Algeria, because it affects ecosystems, contributes to soil degradation, and leads to the silting of dams; moreover, this process is complex and needs costly field equipment and trip reconnaissance. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the sensitivity of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model to rainfall erosivity in the Ksob watershed in Algeria, using six empirical formulas of rainfall erosivity. The RUSLE model with the Geographic Information System (GIS) produces highly variable specific soil loss ranging from 11.35 to 22.85 t ha−1 year−1 throughout the watershed, depending on the erosivity R factor. To validate the results, the soil loss is compared with the silting volume data of the Ksob dam, which is located at the outflow of the basin. The best result is obtained using the Diodato R factor formula with a relative error of 21% and a specific soil loss of 11.35 t ha−1 year−1. Moreover, over 81% of the watershed area is exposed to low erosion (&lt;20 t ha−1 year−1), and less than 5% are affected by high erosion (&gt;50 t ha−1 year−1).
The Association of the Spatial Location of Contrast Extravasation with
Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage after Endovascular Therapy in
Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Gong Chen , Wang You , Yuan Jinxian , Zhang Jie , Jiang Shuyu , Xu Tao , Chen Yangmei 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Contrast extravasation (CE) on brain non-contrast computed tomography
(NCCT) after endovascular therapy (EVT) is commonly present in patients with acute ischemic stroke
(AIS). Substantial uncertainties remain about the relationship between the spatial location of CE and
symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate this association.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective screening on consecutive patients with AIS due to LVO
(AIS-LVO) who had CE on NCCT immediately after EVT for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion
(LVO). We used the Alberta stroke program early CT Score (ASPECTS) scoring system to
estimate the spatial location of CE. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to achieve the
risk factors of sICH.

Results:
In this study, 115 of 153 (75.1%) anterior circulation AIS-LVO patients had CE on
NCCT. After excluding 9 patients, 106 patients were enrolled in the final analysis. In multivariate
regression analysis, atrial fibrillation (AF) (adjusted OR [aOR] 6.833, 95% confidence interval
[CI] 1.331-35.081, P = 0.021) and CE-ASPECTS (aOR 0.602, 95% CI 0.411-0.882 P = 0.009)
were associated with sICH. In subgroup analysis, CE at the internal capsule (IC) region was an
independent risk factor for sICH (aOR 5.992, 95% CI 1.010-35.543 P < 0.05). These and conventional
variables were incorporated as a predict model, with AUC of 0.899, demonstrating good
discrimination and calibration for sICH in this study cohort.

Conclusion:
The spatial location of CE on NCCT immediately after EVT was an independent and
strong risk factor for sICH in acute ischemic stroke patients.
An Introduction to Regulatory Aspects Related to Medical Devices in Japan and
Canada
Authors: Sharma Yashika , Singh Dilpreet , Singh Amrinder 
Published: July 2023

Background:
A medical device is a gadget that is used to identify, prevent, or treat illness or other medical conditions, but it does not work chemically on or within the body. It includes instruments, apparatus, implants, in vitro reagents, and similar or related items. The approval process for medical equipment in regulated markets (such as those in Canada and Japan) is one of the major concerns for their proper induction. The categorization of medical equipment and the procedure for their approval in these nations and their companions need to be clearly addressed in order to facilitate a better understanding of the regulations.

Aim:
The regulatory considerations regarding the Japanese regulatory body for medical devices have been well discussed. Further, other aspects, such as the organization of the study of medical devices and the clearance process with the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare's role in Japan's medical device industry, have been elaborated. Medical device licensing and application procedures in this regard with the leading Japanese medical equipment manufacturers have been revealed.

Results/Discussion:
In Canada, medical equipment post-market surveillance on risk-based categorization has been revealed. The organisational structure of the medical equipment governing body and the Canadian approval process for medical instruments included by Health Canada with the top 10 medical technology setups in Canada have been elaborated in detail.

Conclusion:
In this review, regulatory aspects in Japan and Canada for understanding the direction and evolution of the medical device industry have been discussed. This analysis aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the regulatory framework governing the marketing authorisation of diagnostic and therapeutic medications in Japan and Canada to a global audience.
Packaging Materials Design And Developing Trend
Authors: Zheng Xiaojing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
Packaging materials design is related to economic and social development. At the same
time, it also reflects human aesthetic and emotional expression. With the continuous maturity of
consumer psychology, people have a new understanding of packaging design, and the past packaging
materials design concepts can no longer meet the various needs of customers. As is known,
packaging plays a very important role in promoting products to customers. Therefore, attractive
packaging materials design is essential. In this work, the developing history of packing materials
design was reviewed in detail. Both the advantages and disadvantages of the packing materials
were discussed. Packaging materials experienced the process from paper, plastic, and metal to
composite materials. The functions of packaging materials have gone from single to comprehensive.
Driven by the commercialization of fierce competition, although humans have made great
achievements in packaging material design, there is still greater room for development in packaging
material design to meet the needs of future society. For a long time from now to the future, the
balance between practicality and aesthetics will still be the basic principle of material packaging
design. In addition, the human experience, such as the friction coefficient of packaging materials,
has begun to be considered. The artistic combination of materials, shapes, colors, and characters
combined with artificial intelligence has gradually become the frontier of packaging material design.
By learning from nature, it can be concluded that smart packaging, eco-friendly and sustainable
development in packaging materials design combining practicality and aesthetics are the developing
trend for the future.
Large Language Models for Epidemiological Research via Automated Machine Learning: Case Study Using Data From the British National Child Development Study
Authors: Wibaek Rasmus , Andersen Gregers Stig , Dahm Christina C , Witte Daniel R , Hulman Adam 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Large language models have had a huge impact on natural language processing (NLP) in recent years. However, their application in epidemiological research is still limited to the analysis of electronic health records and social media data.

Objectives
To demonstrate the potential of NLP beyond these domains, we aimed to develop prediction models based on texts collected from an epidemiological cohort and compare their performance to classical regression methods.

Methods
We used data from the British National Child Development Study, where 10,567 children aged 11 years wrote essays about how they imagined themselves as 25-year-olds. Overall, 15% of the data set was set aside as a test set for performance evaluation. Pretrained language models were fine-tuned using AutoTrain (Hugging Face) to predict current reading comprehension score (range: 0-35) and future BMI and physical activity (active vs inactive) at the age of 33 years. We then compared their predictive performance (accuracy or discrimination) with linear and logistic regression models, including demographic and lifestyle factors of the parents and children from birth to the age of 11 years as predictors.

Results
NLP clearly outperformed linear regression when predicting reading comprehension scores (root mean square error: 3.89, 95% CI 3.74-4.05 for NLP vs 4.14, 95% CI 3.98-4.30 and 5.41, 95% CI 5.23-5.58 for regression models with and without general ability score as a predictor, respectively). Predictive performance for physical activity was similarly poor for the 2 methods (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.55, 95% CI 0.52-0.60 for both) but was slightly better than random assignment, whereas linear regression clearly outperformed the NLP approach when predicting BMI (root mean square error: 4.38, 95% CI 4.02-4.74 for NLP vs 3.85, 95% CI 3.54-4.16 for regression). The NLP approach did not perform better than simply assigning the mean BMI from the training set as a predictor.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated the potential of using large language models on text collected from epidemiological studies. The performance of the approach appeared to depend on how directly the topic of the text was related to the outcome. Open-ended questions specifically designed to capture certain health concepts and lived experiences in combination with NLP methods should receive more attention in future epidemiological studies.
Supporting Children’s Social Connection and Well-Being in School-Age Care: Mixed Methods Evaluation of the Connect, Promote, and Protect Program
Authors: Milton Alyssa Clare , Mengesha Zelalem , Ballesteros Kristin , McClean Tom , Hartog Saskia , Bray-Rudkin Lucie , Ngo Cathy , Hickie Ian 
Published: July 2023

Background
School-age care, such as outside school hours care (OSHC), is the fastest-growing childhood education sector in Australia. OSHC provides a unique opportunity to deliver programs to enhance primary school–age children’s social, emotional, physical, and cognitive well-being.

Objective
This study aimed to pilot the co-designed Connect, Promote, and Protect Program (CP3) and conduct formative and process evaluations on how well the CP3 achieved its intended aims, ascertain areas for improvement, and determine how the CP3 model could be better sustained and extended into OSHC settings.

Methods
A naturalistic formative and process evaluation of the CP3 implementation was undertaken at 1 and then 5 OSHC sites. Qualitative and quantitative feedback from stakeholders (eg, children, OSHC educators, volunteers, and families) was collected and incorporated iteratively for program improvement.

Results
The formative and process evaluations demonstrated high program engagement, appropriateness, and acceptability. Co-design with children was viewed as highly acceptable and empowered children to be part of the decision-making in OSHC. Feedback highlighted how the CP3 supported children in the 4 CP3 domains: Build Well-being and Resilience, Broaden Horizons, Inspire and Engage, and Connect Communities. Qualitative reports suggested that children’s well-being and resilience were indirectly supported through the Broaden Horizons, Inspire and Engage, and Connect Communities CP3 principles. Matched-sample 2-tailed t tests found that children’s prosocial behaviors increased (mean difference=0.64; P=.04; t57=−2.06, 95% CI −1.36 to −0.02) and peer problems decreased (mean difference=−0.69; P=.01; t57=2.57, 95% CI 0.14-1.13) after participating in the CP3. Program feasibility was high but dependent on additional resources and CP3 coordinator support.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, the CP3 is the first co-designed well-being program developed and evaluated specifically for OSHC services. This early evidence is promising. The CP3 may provide a unique opportunity to respond to the voices of children in OSHC and those that support them through creative and engaging co-designed activities. Our research suggests that CP3 provides OSHC with a framework and high-quality program planning tool that promotes tailored interventions developed based on the unique needs and preferences of those who will use them.