bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus recovery from hydrothermal carbonization of organic waste: a review
Authors: Khalaf Nidal , Leahy J.J. , Kwapinski Witold 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis review sheds light on the topic of phosphorus (P) recovery from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of organic waste. The paper focuses on the rising need for securing alternative P sources for the increasing demand, in addition to the development of HTC as a thermochemical technique for waste valorization.ResultsThis article studies the definition of P‐recovery from HTC, while introducing the notion of availability, which is a significant factor for studying the efficiency of P‐recovery. A brief comparison between different treatment techniques for P‐recovery from waste streams is presented, and the advantages of HTC are highlighted among different thermochemical techniques. Furthermore, the mechanisms of P‐transformation during HTC reactions are studied, and the effect of various parameters on P‐destination and recovery is emphasized. Finally, applications of P‐recovery from HTC products on the laboratory and industrial scales are studied to assess the feasibility of the application.ConclusionIn short, the paper offers a detailed insight into the definition, mechanism, and potential feasibility of P‐recovery from HTC of organic wastes within the scopes of resource management, waste valorization, and fertilizer production. Even though HTC for P‐recovery from organic waste has been applied on laboratory and industrial scales, several challenges persist towards optimizing this process. The paper concludes that adopting P‐availability as a criterion for efficiency is necessary to optimize HTC conditions for P‐recovery. Further studies on P‐transformation during later‐stage reactions of HTC are recommended, as well. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Dietary yolk supplements and rate of yolk deposition do not influence sex ratios in Japanese Quail
Authors: Navara Kristen J. , Mendonça Mary T. , Gardner Steven 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBirds appear to have the ability to bias offspring sex ratios in response to environmental and social conditions. The mechanisms responsible remain unknown, however one previous study indicated a link between rates of ovarian follicle growth and the sexes of resulting eggs. This could indicate that either follicles destined to retain male or female follicles grow at different rates, or the rate of ovarian follicle growth determines the sex chromosome that will be retained to influence the sex of the resulting offspring. We tested for evidence of both possibilities by staining yolk rings that are indicative of daily growth. First, we tested for a correlation between the number of yolk rings and the sexes of the resulting germinal discs collected from each egg, and second, we tested whether experimentally decreasing follicle growth rates with a dietary yolk supplement impacts the sexes of the resulting germinal discs. There was no significant correlation between the number of yolk rings and the sexes of the resulting embryos, and decreasing follicle growth rates did not impact sexes of resulting germinal discs. These results indicate that offspring sex is not related to the rate of ovarian follicle growth in quail.
The neglected object: A history of the concept of dreams in Polish psychiatry and psychology in the interwar period, 1918–1939
Authors: Kornaj Jan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe development of the concept of dreams in interwar Polish psychiatry and psychology was influenced by Western European concepts as well as by sociocultural factors of the newly independent state. Few Polish psychiatrists addressed the subject of dreams. They were influenced mainly by Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic concept of dreams, but also by Alferd Adler's, Carl Gustav Jung's, and Wilhelm Stekel's ideas. Nevertheless, they approached psychoanalysis critically. The most comprehensive concept of dreams in Polish psychiatry was oneiroanalysis by Tadeusz Bilikiewicz. Oneironalysis was a method of dream analysis based on psychoanalysis but it rejected the psychoanalytic method of free associations and challenged psychoanalytic approaches to the interpretation of dream symbols. Polish psychologists were even less interested in dreams than psychiatrists. Problems with dreams, the most elaborate psychological work by Stefan Szuman consisted of an outline of epistemological problems with general theories of dreams and a harsh critique of psychoanalysis. The neglect of the subject of dreams in Polish psychiatric society can be seen as connected with the social and professional reception of psychoanalysis in Poland. Psychoanalysis was met with opposition from conservative scholars and publicists presenting nationalistic and anti‐Semitic attitudes. It was also criticized by the biologically oriented majority of psychiatrists of the Polish Psychiatric Association. In the case of psychology, the most influential Polish psychological school, Lvov‐Warsaw School, promoted Brentanian intentionalism, introspection, and psychology of consciousness, therefore, leading to psychologists' reluctance to explore unconscious states like dreams.
Interdecadal variability of summer extreme rainfall in the Huai River basin of China associated with the Asian‐Pacific Oscillation
Authors: Liao Rongwei , Zhao Ping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUsing the rainfall data at rain gauge stations in China and the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) reanalysis, the daily Asian‐Pacific Oscillation (APO) index, a tropospheric temperature thermal contrast between Asia and the North Pacific, is constructed to investigate an interdecadal relationship between summer (June–July) APO and rainfall in the Huai River basin (HRB) of central‐eastern China. The daily APO index averaged over June 22–July 12 shows an interdecadal shift around the late 1990s. This shift is characterized by a negative phase of the daily APO index during 1987–1996 and a subsequent positive phase during 1997–2006. Accompanying this shift, the occurrence frequency, intensity and amount of extreme rainfall events remarkably increase in the HRB region. The increased rainfall can be reasonably explained by the atmospheric circulation anomalies. Corresponding to the decadal change in the summer daily APO from the negative phase to the positive one, the subtropical high pressure over the western North Pacific moves toward the north and easterly wind anomalies in the middle and lower layers of the troposphere prevail over extratropical East Asia, which strengthens water vapour convergence, the instability of atmospheric stratification and upward motion anomalies in the HRB region.
Management of Enlarging Tracheoesophageal Fistula with Voice Prosthesis in Laryngectomized Patients
Authors: Saeedi Arman , Strum David P. , Mir Ghayoour , Chow Michael S. , Bhatt Nupur , Jacobson Adam S. 
Published: June 2023

Management of Enlarging tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) with Voice Prosthesis in Laryngectomized Head and Neck Cancer Patients.ObjectivesAn enlarging TEF following voice prosthesis placement impacts patient quality of life, risks airway compromise, and can lead to aspiration pneumonia. Pharyngoesophageal strictures have previously been reported to be associated with TEF enlargement and leakage. We describe a series of patients with enlarging TEFs after Tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) for voice prosthesis who required pharyngoesophageal reconstruction.MethodsRetrospective case series of laryngectomized H&N cancer patients with primary or secondary TEP who underwent surgical management for enlarging TEF site between 6/2016–11/2022.ResultsEight patients were included. The mean age was 62.8 years old. Seven patients had a history of hypothyroidism. Of seven with prior H&N radiation history, two had both historical and adjuvant radiation. Two of the eight TEPs were placed secondarily. Mean time from TEP to enlarging TEF diagnosis was 891.3 days. Radial forearm‐free flaps were used in five patients. Six had stenosis proximal to the TEF whereas one had distal stenosis and one had no evidence of stenosis. Mean length of stay was 12.3 days. Mean follow‐up was 400.4 days. Two required a second free flap for persistent fistula.ConclusionSurgical reconstruction of enlarging TEFs due to TEP/VP placement is effective in combination with addressing underlying pharyngeal/esophageal stenosis contributing to TEF enlargement and leakage. Radial forearm‐free flaps have the additional benefit of a long vascular pedicle to access more distant and less‐irradiated recipient vessels. Many fistulae are resolved after the first flap reconstruction, but some may require subsequent reconstruction in case of failure.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:198–206, 2024
Do farmers' social networks aggravate cultivated land abandonment? A case study in Ganzhou, China
Authors: Chen Qianru , Wu Manyu , Xie Hualin , Lu Hua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo clarify the influence mechanism and action path of social networks on farmland abandonment, taking the hilly and mountainous areas of Ganzhou, China as the study area, this paper first explores the influence of farmers' social networks on abandonment; furthermore, a mediation effect model is introduced to test the inhibiting effect of farmland transfer on abandonment under the scenario of expanding farmers' social networks. The results show that the expansion of farmers' social networks directly aggravates farmland abandonment, but with the development of land transfer market, farmers' social networks help to reduce the transaction cost of farmland transfer, thus promoting land circulation and restraining abandonment. Considering the double‐edged effect of farmers' social networks on abandonment, this paper recommends that policies aimed at curbing abandonment should be channeled through local farmers‐based social networks, and encourage land transfer among farmers' relatives, friends, or neighbors, and so forth to reduce transaction cost in rural society.
Reflective Spin–Orbit Geometric Phase from Planar Isotropic Interface
Authors: Bouchal Petr , Bouchal Zdeněk 
Published: June 2023

AbstractManipulating angular momentum of light relies on the change of geometric phase in anisotropic nanostructures or optical interface phenomena. Spin–orbit interactions demonstrated in normal incidence at a planar isotropic interface are conditioned by Brewster reflection, limited to the light beam with a single radial frequency in the k‐space. This study demonstrates a geometric (Pancharatnam–Berry) phase that overcomes Brewster angle limitations providing high variability in the modulation of light reflected from a planar isotropic interface. The examined geometric phase stems from the reflection anisotropy imitating the structural anisotropy of photoaligned liquid crystals and photonic metasurfaces. Using a geometric‐phase modulation of tightly focused light reflected from a glass slab, three modes of spin to orbital angular momentum conversion are demonstrated. The discovered reflective spin–orbit interaction allows for design of a double‐helix focusing sensor to be used in microscopy imaging for precise depth measurements (accuracy 109 nm and precision 7 nm in the range of 8 µm). Experiments with a focused astigmatic beam prove that a glass plate can perform very complex modulation of the geometric phase using illumination structuring. The results thus provide the foundation for the design of low‐cost geometric‐phase systems relying on the space‐variant reflection anisotropy.
Chatbot or human? The impact of online customer service on consumers' purchase intentions
Authors: Chen Shili , Li Xiaolin , Liu Kecheng , Wang Xuesong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) chatbots and human employees have emerged as the dominant forms of online customer service. However, existing research rarely connects the service differences between them in terms of product type, ignoring the interactivity between the two. This study reveals the effect of matching customer service type (AI chatbot vs. human) to product type (search vs. experience) on consumers' purchase intentions through four experiments, revealing the psychological mechanism and boundary condition for the existence of this effect. It shows that (1) the match between customer service type and product type positively affects consumers' purchase intentions; (2) this matching effect is mediated by processing fluency and perceived service quality; and (3) the matching effect works only when consumers' demand certainty is low. These findings enrich the theoretical study of online customer service, and provide marketing insights for companies to improve the adoption of AI chatbots and human employees.
Fat‐Diets in Perinatal Stages Altered Nr3c2‐Mediated Ca2+ Currents in Mesenteric Arteries of Offspring Rats
Authors: Zheng Qiutong , Li Na , Zhang Yingying , Li Jingyang , Zhang Eryun , Xu Zhice 
Published: June 2023

ScopePerinatal high‐fat diets (PHF) can influence fetal/neonate development, resulting in cardiovascular pathogenesis, but precise mechanisms remain unclear. This study tests aldosterone receptor‐mediated Ca2+ influx and the underlying mechanisms influenced by PHF.Methods and resultsMaternal S.D. rats receive PHF during pregnancy and lactation periods. Their male offspring are fed normal diets after weaning for four months. Mesenteric arteries (MA) are for electrophysiological testing, Ca2+ imaging, target gene expression, and promotor methylation. PHF increases aldosterone receptor gene Nr3c2‐mediated Ca2+ currents in the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the MA via L‐type Ca2+ channels (LTCC) in the offspring. The increased expression of aldosterone‐receptors and LTCC are responsible for an activated Nr3c2‐LTCC pathway in the vasculature, eventually predisposes an increase of Ca2+ influx in the myocytes of resistance arteries. The inhibitor of aldosterone‐receptors suppresses the increased Ca2+ currents in the SMCs. Nr3c2 and LTCC are upregulated through the transcriptional mechanism in methylation, which can be reversed in the functional changes by methylation inhibitor 5AZA.ConclusionThe results firstly demonstrate that aldosterone‐receptor activation can stimulate Ca2+ currents via LTCC in vascular myocytes, which can be altered by perinatal foods via epigenetic changes of DNA methylation in the promoters of Nr3c2 and LTCC.
A frequency‐ and polarization‐reconfigurable cross dipole antenna using liquid metal
Authors: Wang Xinhuai , Hu Jun Jie , Wang Lin Zhu , Wang Wen , Xu Yin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA frequency and polarization reconfigurable wideband cross‐dipole antenna is proposed. A /4 phase‐shifted ring structure is used to design a reconfigurable frequency and polarization wideband antenna, which is connected to the dipole arm with the liquid metal as a parasitic branch. The antenna consists of a pair of rectangular dipoles, a pair of curved phase‐shifted rings, and a square ring. Two mutually perpendicular rectangular dipole arms are connected by a phase‐shifted ring, which is printed on the upper and lower surfaces. The left‐hand circular polarization and right‐hand circular polarization can be switched by loading liquid metal at different positions of the antenna, and the frequency can be reconstructed by adjusting the length of liquid metal at corresponding positions. The total 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth are 41.27% (1.50–2.28 GHz) and 43.57% (1.49–2.32 GHz), and eight adjustable circularly polarized frequency bands can be obtained at the same time. To verify the proposed design, a reconfigurable antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results.
Wide‐angle beam steering achieved by an array‐fed phase reconfigurable metasurface
Authors: Xi Qiangli , Li Yun , Li Xiaojun , Zhang Qian , Zhang Bin , Ran Lixin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this letter, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a space‐fed beamforming approach capable of steering beams up to ±70° with a focal ratio (F/D) reduced to 0.27 and a scan loss remained 4 dB. It is implemented based on an mmWave phase reconfigurable metasurface, and an unconventional array‐fed architecture. By doing so, while the total profile of conventional space‐fed phased arrays can be significantly reduced, specifications such as scan range and scan loss can be simultaneously improved. Compared with conventional phased array systems, such specifications are unique, and can be used to realize low‐profile, cost‐effective, space‐fed phased arrays requiring ultrawide coverages at mmWave frequencies.
Effect of WeChat‐based continuous care intervention on the somatic function, depression, anxiety, social function and cognitive function for cancer patients: Meta‐analysis of 18 RCTs
Authors: Wang Zhuoxin , Deng Shanshan , Lv Hekai , Fan Yanyan , Zhang Li , Wang Fuzhi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimThis meta‐analysis systematically reviewed and identified the effects of WeChat‐based continuous care (WCC) interventions on various outcomes in cancer patients.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsIn this study, outcome measures included somatic function, anxiety, depression, social function, and cognitive function. The standardized mean differences and 95% CIs of pooled effect sizes were calculated using fixed‐ and random‐effects models. NFail‐safe and Begg's tests were performed to evaluate publication bias, and sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the robustness of the meta‐analysis results.ResultsThe meta‐analysis included 18 RCTs of moderate quality. WCC interventions significantly improved somatic function, depression, anxiety, social function, and cognitive function in cancer patients. There was no significant publication bias, and the sensitivity analysis indicated robust results.Patient or Public ContributionWCC interventions improved depression, anxiety, social function, and cognitive function in cancer patients.
Item response theory analysis of the University Personality Inventory in medical students
Authors: Sugawara Norio , Yasui‐Furukori Norio , Sayama Masayuki , Shimoda Kazutaka 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimYoung adulthood has been recognized as an important period for the transition from adolescence to adulthood. The University Personality Inventory (UPI), a mental health questionnaire for young adulthood, is widely used to screen university students in East Asia. However, dichotomous systems do not allow respondent choose responses other than two options on each symptom. This study employed item response theory (IRT) to examine the properties and performance of UPI items for mental health problems.MethodsJapanese medical students (n = 1185) participated in this study, and the UPI was completed at the time of university admission. The two‐parameter IRT model was used to assess the measurement characteristics of the UPI items.ResultsAmong all participants, 35.4% (420/1185) had total UPI score of 21 or more, and 10.6% (126/1185) indicated that they had the idea of wanting to die (item 25). For further IRT analysis, unidimensionality was confirmed by exploratory factor analysis, in which the primary factor accounted for 39.6% of the variance. The scale has sufficient discrimination power. In the test characteristic curves, the rising slopes of the lines were between θ 0 and 2.ConclusionThe UPI is useful to assess mild or moderate mental health problems, while precision may decline among individuals experiencing both little and extremely high levels of stress. Our findings provide a basis for identifying people who have mental health concerns.
Over‐The‐Counter Hearing Aids: Trends in Information‐Seeking Behavior
Authors: Panth Neelima , Shah Rema , Judson Benjamin , Schwartz Nofrat 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecent Food and Drug Administration approval of over‐the‐counter (OTC) hearing aids has changed the policy landscape surrounding hearing‐assistive technology. Our objective was to characterize trends in information‐seeking behavior in the era of OTC hearing aids. Using Google Trends, we extracted the relative search volume (RSV) for hearing health‐related topics. The mean RSV in the 2 weeks preceding and following enactment of the FDA's OTC hearing aid ruling were compared using a paired samples t‐test. RSV for hearing‐related queries increased by 212.5% on the date of FDA approval. There was a 25.6% (p = .02) increase in mean RSV for “hearing aids” before and after the FDA ruling. The most popular searches focused on specific device brands and cost. States with more rural residents represented the highest proportion of queries. Understanding these trends is critical to ensure appropriate patient counseling and improve access to hearing assistive technology.
Reducing the dielectric loss of poly(aryl ether)s by grafting
Authors: Shi Longwei , Zhao Zheng , Zong Lishuai , Wang Jinyan , Jian Xigao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLimiting molecules' polarized motion effectively reduces the dielectric loss of materials. This article synthesized side chains with different lengths using p‐ethoxyphenol, p‐hydroxybenzoic acid, and long‐chain halohydrins through a two‐step process. These chains' movement was almost unaffected by the main chain of polymers, so they can fill up the free volume of polymers under certain conditions. 1,2‐dihydro‐4‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)phthalazine‐1‐(2H)‐one(DHPZ), 4,4'‐Difluorophenyl sulfone(DFS), and 4,4‐Bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl) valeric acid(HPV) obtained three polymers with different carboxyl groups (10%, 30%, and 50%) through nucleophilic substitution. They were then grafted and treated with hot‐pressing. The introduction of side chains could reduce the free volume of polymers under hot‐pressing conditions, so further reducing the dielectric loss of materials. Polymer with the shortest and least (10%) side chains showed the most obvious dielectric loss tangent, the reduction rate of the film's dielectric loss tangent was 13.11% (at Tg + 15°C, while the non‐grafted one was only 3.69%) and 20.70% (at Tg + 80°C, while the non‐grafted one was only 8.35%), respectively. In addition, WXRD and DMA tests showed that films' intermolecular chain spacing (“d”) and Tg changed after the hot‐pressing process, respectively. The change law of both was consistent with that of dielectric loss tangent. Confirm that grafting high‐motility side chains can significantly reduce polymer's dielectric loss by enhancing the free volume reduction effect after hot‐pressing.
Effect of aspect ratio of synthetic Wollastonite nanofibers on mechanical, thermal and flammability properties of polyoxymethylene nanocomposites
Authors: Wong Joon Fatt , Chan Jia Xin , Hassan Azman , Mohamad Zurina , Hashim Shahrir , Abd Razak Jeefferie , Ching Yern Chee , Yunos Muhamad Zaini , Yahaya Ridwan , U. Gunathilake T. M. Sampath 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPolyoxymethylene (POM) nanocomposites were reinforced with 1 phr of synthetic wollastonite nanofibers (SWN) to investigate the effect of the aspect ratio of SWN on the mechanical, thermal and flammability properties. The tensile strength, Young's modulus, and impact strength of POM nanocomposites demonstrated an increasing trend as the aspect ratio of SWN increased. POM nanocomposites incorporated SWN with an aspect ratio of about 20 (POM/SWN‐20) exhibited higher tensile strength (2%), Young's modulus (3%) and impact strength (50%) as compared to that of about 5 (POM/SWN‐5). A higher aspect ratio of SWN also contributed to the better thermal stability of POM nanocomposites, in which the initial degradation temperature of POM/SWN‐20 was about 6°C higher than POM/SWN‐5. Interestingly, SWN that possessed a lower aspect ratio performed better in flame retardancy, as indicated by the increase in the time to ignition and the decrease in the peak heat release rate. This present study demonstrates the relationship between the aspect ratio of filler (SWN) with the polymer matrix (POM), which is crucial in producing nanocomposites that have great potential in automotive applications.