bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraining X-Ray Variability of the Blazar 3C 273 Using XMM-Newton Observations over Two Decades
Authors: Dinesh Adithiya , Bhatta Gopal , Adhikari Tek P. , Mohorian Maksym , Dhital Niraj , Chaudhary Suvas C. , Pánis Radim , Góra Dariusz 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Blazars exhibit relentless variability across diverse spatial and temporal frequencies. The study of long- and short-term variability properties observed in the X-ray band provides insights into the inner workings of the central engine. In this work, we present timing and spectral analyses of the blazar 3C 273 using the X-ray observations from the XMM-Newton telescope covering the period from 2000 to 2020. The methods of timing analyses include estimation of fractional variability, long- and short-term flux distribution, rms–flux relation, and power spectral density analysis. The spectral analysis include estimating a model-independent flux hardness ratio and fitting the observations with multiplicative and additive spectral models such as power law, log-parabola, broken power law, and blackbody. The blackbody represents the thermal emission from the accretion disk, while the other models represent the possible energy distributions of the particles emitting synchrotron radiation in the jet. During the past two decades, the source flux changed by a factor of three, with a considerable fractional variability of 27%. However, the intraday variation was found to be moderate. Flux distributions of the individual observations were consistent with a normal or log-normal distribution, while the overall flux distribution including all observations appears to be rather multimodal and of a complex shape. The spectral analyses indicate that a log-parabola added to a blackbody gives the best fit for most of the observations. The results indicate a complex scenario in which the variability can be attributed to the intricate interaction between the disk/corona system and the jet.
Grain Size Effects on UV–MIR (0.2–14 μm) Spectra of Carbonaceous Chondrite Groups
Authors: Cantillo David C. , Reddy Vishnu , Battle Adam , Sharkey Benjamin N. L. , Pearson Neil C. , Campbell Tanner , Satpathy Akash , De Florio Mario , Furfaro Roberto , Sanchez Juan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Carbonaceous chondrites are among the most important meteorite types and have played a vital role in deciphering the origin and evolution of our solar system. They have been linked to low-albedo C-type asteroids, but due to subdued absorption bands, definitive asteroid–meteorite linkages remain elusive. A majority of these existing linkages rely on fine-grained (typically < 45 μm) powders across a limited wavelength range in the visible to near-infrared (0.35–2.5 μm). While this is useful in interpreting the fine-grained regolith of larger main-belt objects like Ceres, recent spacecraft missions to smaller near-Earth asteroids (NEAs), such as Bennu and Ryugu, have shown that their surfaces are dominated by larger grain size material. To better interpret the surfaces of these smaller, carbonaceous NEAs, we obtained laboratory reflectance spectra of seven carbonaceous chondrite meteorite groups (CI, CM, CO, CV, CR, CK, C2-ungrouped) over the ultraviolet to mid-infrared range (0.2–14 μm). Each meteorite contained five grain size bins (45–1000 μm) to help constrain spectral grain size effects. We find a correlation between grain size and absolute reflectance, spectral slope, band depth, and the Christiansen feature band center. Principal component analysis of grain size variation illustrates a similar trend to lunar-style space weathering. We also show that the Bus–DeMeo asteroid taxonomic classification of our samples is affected by grain size, specifically shifting CM2 Aguas Zarcas from a Ch-type to B-type with increasing grain size. This has implications for the parent body of the OSIRIS-REx target, Bennu. With Aguas Zarcas, we present results from Hapke modeling.
The Properties and Origin of Kuiper Belt Object Arrokoth's Large Mounds
Authors: Stern S. A. , White O. L. , Grundy W. M. , Keeney B. A. , Hofgartner J. D. , Nesvorný D. , McKinnon W. B. , Richardson D. C. , Marohnic J. C. , Verbiscer A. J. , Benecchi S. D. , Schenk P. M. , Moore J. M. ,   The New Horizons Geology and Geophysics Investigation Team
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We report on a study of the mounds that dominate the appearance of Kuiper Belt Object (486958) Arrokoth's larger lobe, named Wenu. We compare the geological context of these mounds and measure and intercompare their shapes, sizes/orientations, reflectance, and colors. We find the mounds are broadly self-similar in many respects and interpret them as the original building blocks of Arrokoth. It remains unclear why these building blocks are so similar in size—and this represents a new constraint and challenge for solar system formation models. We then discuss the implications of this interpretation.
La restauration de la fontaine des Innocents à Paris
Authors: Ricaud Elsa , Sant Marion Del , Rousset-Perrier Mathieu 
Published: September 2023

Dans le cadre du programme de mise en valeur de ses fontaines, la Ville de Paris a lancé une campagne de restauration de la fontaine des Innocents, chef-d’œuvre de la Renaissance française. Le but de ce chantier est double : déposer, après 130 ans de débat, les bas-reliefs originaux érodés par les intempéries, les restaurer, les remplacer par des reproductions, puis remettre en eau la fontaine afin de lui restituer sa fonction première.L’évolution des usages liés à l’eau de la fontaine au gré de ses déplacements et mutations sera d’abord abordée grâce à une analyse iconographique. Initialement située à un angle de rue, la fontaine a été utilisée pour la distribution d’eau potable, l’hygiène publique et individuelle, et son usage a drainé des professions spécifiques. Les progrès d’adduction d’eau et son déplacement du centre d’une place à un square aidant, elle se transforme en l’objet patrimonial que l’on connaît aujourd’hui. Seront ensuite traités le programme sculpté de cette fontaine, dont les célèbres bas-reliefs sont sur le thème de l’eau, et le renouvellement récent des connaissances sur le degré d’authenticité du monument dans son ensemble.Enfin, il sera question des enjeux techniques et doctrinaux du chantier de restauration. Il s’agira d’analyser la question de la reproduction des sculptures, des nouvelles technologies qui seront mises à profit pour cela, mais aussi de la mise en lumière du monument.Les enjeux actuels posés par cette fontaine en termes d’hygiène publique et leur impact pour le monument permettront de conclure cet article. Inversement seront étudiées les prérogatives conservatoires et leurs conséquences sur le futur débit de l’eau.
Les bains-douches scolaires
Authors: Rossi Pauline 
Published: September 2023

Les services de la Ville de Paris ont découvert en 2020 une installation de bains-douches dans les sous-sols d’une école du 14e arrondissement, équipement qui n’était pas destiné à une population adulte, mais aux élèves. Dans l’historiographie de l’architecture scolaire, sujet largement traité par l’architecte et historienne Anne-Marie Châtelet, il est apparu que la question de l’apprentissage de l’hygiène à l’école était restée parmi les angles morts de la recherche. Une enquête, associant divers services de la Ville, a donc été lancée afin de recenser les équipements existants. Deux seulement ont pu être découverts : le premier dans l’école du 12, rue d’Alésia (14e arr.), le second dans l’école du 5, rue Beauregard (2e arr.).Parallèlement à cette enquête, des recherches en archives ont permis de comprendre le contexte de la création de ces aménagements oubliés, mais aussi d’évaluer l’importance du dispositif à l’échelle de la capitale. Si le travail n’a pu être exhaustif, il a donné lieu à un inventaire indicatif, recensant vingt installations, créées entre les années 1880 et 1930. C’est ainsi qu’a été redécouvert un sujet majeur, tant pour le patrimoine bâti des établissements d’écoliers parisiens, que pour l’histoire de l’apprentissage de l’hygiène à l’école.
Reversible intracranial contrast medium accumulation after embolization of unruptured cerebral aneurysms and its association with transient neurological deficits: A single center experience
Authors: Schellin Jenna , Neumann Alexander , Schramm Peter , Laabs Björn-Hergen , Küchler Jan , Schacht Hannes 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUND:Use of iodine-containing contrast medium (CM) is obligatory for endovascular treatment (EVT) of cerebral aneurysms. After EVT, intracranial density increases (DIs) can be detected in cranial computed tomography (CT). Those DI can correspond to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), infarction or reversible CM accumulation (RCMA). The latter can be mistaken for hemorrhage, especially if they are accompanied by neurological deficits.OBJECTIVE:To analyze postinterventional DI after EVT of unruptured cerebral aneurysms and associated clinical symptoms and to identify risk factors for the occurrence of RCMA.METHODS:For differentiation of DI, we compared CT scans following EVT and additionally 24 h ± 5 h later. Diagnosis of RCMA was based on marked regression of DI on follow-up scans. We analyzed continuous variables (age, duration of intervention and anesthesia, aneurysm diameter, amount of CM and renal function) and categorial variables (gender, aneurysm location, devices for EVT, antiplatelet therapy [APT] and associated neurological deficits) to identify risk factors for the occurrence of RCMA.RESULTS:We studied 58 patients (44 female, mean age 59.5 [range 39–81]) who underwent EVT for a total of 68 cerebral aneurysms in 62 therapy sessions over a 3-year period without periprocedural complications. Postinterventional DI occurred after 17 therapy sessions. All 17 DI turned out to be RCMA in the follow-up imaging. Two patients who had no DI on initial postinterventional CT showed new SAH on follow-up CT. Infarctions were not observed. Transient neurological deficits occurred in eight patients (12.9%) and were associated with RCMA (P= 0.010). Postinterventional RCMA was associated with the duration of EVT (P= 0.038) and with APT (acetylsalicylic acid [ASA] + clopidogrel:P=0.040; ASA alone:P=0.011).CONCLUSIONS:RCMA is common after EVT of unruptured cerebral aneurysms and often accompanied by transient neurological deficits. Long procedure duration and APT appear to predispose to the occurrence of RCMA.
Relationship between Insomnia and Quality of Life
Authors: Zhang Jihui , Liu Yaping , Lam Siu Ping , Li Shirley Xin , Li Albert Martin , Wing Yun-Kwok 
Published: September 2023

Objectives:
We aimed to explore the potential mediating effects of neuroticism, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and somatic symptoms in the relationship between insomnia and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional family study, which recruited a total of 297 adolescents (eighty insomniacs as determined by clinical interview) and 318 parents (93 insomniacs). HRQoL was measured by short form-36 (SF-36) health survey. A series of questionnaires were employed to measure insomnia severity, neuroticism personality, and depressive, anxiety and somatic symptoms.

Results:
Participants with insomnia had lower HRQoL than those without insomnia (71.9 vs. 77.1, P < 0.001). Insomnia severity (as measured byInsomnia Severity Index) was significantly associated with HRQoL (correlation coefficient = −0.451, P < 0.001). A total of 53% of the variance of SF-36 could be explained by the mediation model, which showed that a large proportion of the variances in the association between insomnia severity and HRQoL was mediated by depressive symptoms, somatic symptoms, and neuroticism personality trait.

Conclusions:
The close associations between insomnia severity and impaired HRQoL are largely mediated by psychological symptomatology and personality dimension. Further prospective study is warranted to investigate the long-term impact of insomnia symptoms on HRQoL and the roles of mood and somatic symptoms.
Evaluation of Attitudes to Integration of Mental Health Service in the Chinese Population of Nonpsychiatric Health-Care Providers
Authors: Zhu Chunyan , Geng Qingshan , Chen Li , Guo Lan 
Published: September 2023

Objectives:
The objective of this study was designed to assess the attitudes of Chinese nonpsychiatric health-care providers in Guangdong to mental health services (MHSs) integrated into the system of health care.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the attitudes of nonpsychiartric health-care providers to integrated MHS in 16 tertiary general hospitals from December 2012 to March 2013. A multiple regression model was used to analyze the impact factors of the subjects' attitudes to integrated MHS.

Results:
Of all the 2574 subjects, 1842 (71.6%) subjects strongly supported integrated MHS in general hospitals while only 4.3% (111) of subjects disagreed/strongly disagreed with integrated MHS. The rest of subjects (621/24.1%) remained neutral. The multiple regression model analyses presented that those male subjects with postgraduate diplomas who agreed with integrated MHS were interested in training on MHS. Approximately, more than 30% of subjects who were diagnosed with mental disorders and worked for 8–10 h/day were prone to obtain MHS and own a positive attitude to MHS in clinical practice.

Conclusions:
Most subjects owned positive attitudes to MHS in clinical practice. Lack of MHS knowledge is the major obstacle to those subjects who disagreed with integrated MHS.
Association of Hand Grip Strength with Ultrasound-derived Forearm Muscle Thickness and Echo Intensity in Young Indian Adults
Authors: Aruna R. , Sivarajan Armel Arputha , Madhumitha Meenakshi , Vasanth C. J. 
Published: September 2023

Background:Muscle thickness (MT) quantification, which reflects the muscle function, can be measured using ultrasonography. Echo intensity (EI) quantified from the ultrasonography-derived skeletal muscle images reflects muscle quality. This study aimed to analyze the associations between handgrip strength, ultrasound-measured forearm MT, and EI in healthy young adults.Methods:Sixty healthy volunteers between the ages of 18 and 25 years participated in the study. Brightness mode ultrasonography (USG) was done to measure forearm radial and ulna MT. The EI was measured from an ultrasound image as a mean pixel value using a histogram in Adobe Photoshop. Individuals were tested for forearm handgrip strength using hand dynamometry.Results:Males had higher forearm MT and handgrip strength compared to females. Handgrip strength had a significant positive correlation with forearm radius, ulna MT (r= 0.726, 0.757 andP< 0.01), and forearm circumference (r= 0.529 andP< 0.01) and a negatively correlation with subcutaneous fat thickness (r= −0.496 andP< 0.01) and EI (r= −0.618 andP< 0.01). Linear regression showed a significant correlation between MT, circumference, and EI with handgrip strength (r= 0.825 andP< 0.001). After adjustment for the other two parameters, the forearm MT correlated positively and EI negatively with handgrip strength.Conclusion:USG can be more easily used than other imaging methods in research and clinical setting as it is nonhazardous, less expensive, versatile, and provides results faster. Thus, USG measurements in skeletal muscle are useful for measuring MT and subcutaneous fat thickness. EI measurement can be a convenient and noninvasive method for assessing muscle quality.
Sonographic Assessment of the Salivary Glands among Sudanese Snuff-dippers
Authors: Hassan Nura , Almaasfeh Sultan , Musa Mustafa , Alghamdi Salem , Abukonna Ahmed 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, as well as the smaller subsidiary glands, are all the examples of the salivary glands. The likelihood of the salivary glands being impacted by snuff components increases due to this close proximity of the salivary glands to the mouth when snuff is used. The aim of this study was to evaluate the salivary glands of the Sudanese snuff-dippers.

Methods:
Sixty-five adult snuff-dippers (research group) and 36 adult nonusers (control group) were enrolled in the study. Sonography of the submandibular and parotid glands was performed; size, blood flow, echogenicity, echotexture, and any other pathological changes were evaluated. The study was conducted in the ultrasound unit at our institution from June 2021 to June 2022.

Results:
The result of the study showed that the average size of the left submandibular gland and left and right parotid glands of snuff-dippers was significantly greater than the average size of nonusers. Blood supply and tissue characteristics were normal.

Conclusion:
The study concluded that the snuff use could affect the parotid and submandibular glands; ultrasonography is a modality of choice in the examination of the salivary glands of snuff users and other tobacco users.
Evaluation of Serum Cystatin-C and Netrin-1 as Predictive Biomarkers for Renal Injury in Children with Beta-thalassemia Major
Authors: Shwayel Ameer J. , Jewad Abdulkareem M. , Abdulsattar Mohammed Q. 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
Despite optimal transfusion and chelation therapy, beta-thalassemia patients still commonly experience various complications, including renal complications, which may affect their survival. This case–control study involved pediatric patients with beta-thalassemia major (β-TM).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This case–control study involved pediatric patients with β-TM, a total of 60 patient samples were randomly collected from the Genetic Hematology Center at the Dhi-Qar Health Directorate, with an age range of 1–14 years. In addition, 60 samples were collected from healthy children in the same age range as the control group. In this study, the glomerular injury was predicted by measuring the concentration of serum cystatin-C (Cys-C), and the tubular injury was predicted by measuring the concentration of serum netrin-1 (NTN-1). Routine markers, such as hemoglobin (Hb) level, ferritin, serum albumin, and creatinine, were also examined for the patients and the control group.

RESULTS:
The results showed a statistically significant increase in serum Cys-C in the patient group compared to the control group (P < 0.001) and a significant increase of serum NTN-1 in β-TM patients compared to the control group (P < 0.001). In addition, the study showed a statistically significant decrease in Hb, serum albumin, and creatinine and a significant increase in serum ferritin in the patients group compared to the control group. In conclusion, from the results of this study, we can conclude that the serum Cys-C and NTN-1 measurements can be used as predictive biomarkers for glomerular and tubular injury and increase with age.

CONCLUSION:
Predicting glomerular and tubular injury using the measurement of serum Cys-C and NTN-1 has improved significantly and advanced with age.
The Home Care Delivery Program in Hemophilia: A Descriptive Italian Multicentric Study on Patients, Caregivers, and Clinicians’ Points of View
Authors: Di Gregorio Orazio , Porreca Annamaria , Brambillasca Francesca , Molinari Angelo Claudio 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
For patients affected by haemophilia, Patient Support Programs (PSPs) may be a support tool to assist patients and physicians in optimising treatment and improving disease management. PSP on the Pharmacokinetics (PK) service in Italy aims to support haemophilia A or B patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This report analyses data of patients and physicians who benefited from the PK program from October 2018 to October 2022. Data was collected by a web-based questionnaire and by telephone calls. We provide a descriptive report on the benefits of participation in the PK program for patients with haemophilia and medical professionals involved in their care.

RESULTS:
In total, 69.6% of the respondent patients stated they were very satisfied with the Program, and 97.7% said they would benefit from the service again. Among the interviewed physicians, 60% felt satisfied with the Program and thought it was helpful.

CONCLUSION:
Patient satisfaction remained consistently high, with sustained improvements in all aspects of life. Medical professionals also reported positive outcomes in their patient interactions and satisfaction with the Program. PSPs have empowered patients to manage their pathology, increasing their satisfaction with treatments and quality of life.
Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in children with dengue: A case series
Authors: Ponnuraj Nirosha , Kumar Manoj , Muthuarumugam Saravanan , Panneerselvam Reghupathy 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, potentially lethal condition characterized by the activation of macrophages, natural killer cells, and T-cells, leading to a dysregulated immune response. Genetic mutations cause primary HLH; infections, tumors, or autoimmunity can trigger secondary HLH. Dengue infections can rarely be complicated by secondary HLH, which is a potential cause of mortality apart from shock or hemorrhage. A high index of suspicion is needed as clinical features are nonspecific and overlap with dengue. We report three children with dengue infection complicated by secondary HLH. All three children recovered with timely management.
Écrire dans les missions protestantes en Irlande, une histoire de genre(s) ?
Authors: Bénazech Wendling Karina 
Published: September 2023

Au XIXe siècle, une nouvelle figure, celle du missionnaire, apparaît dans la littérature anglaise. Cette présence témoigne non seulement du nouvel engouement pour l’évangélisation des peuples lointains qui suit les réveils protestants, mais aussi des rapports de genre de l’époque victorienne pensés au prisme de la doctrine de la « séparation des sphères », formulée et popularisée par l’écrivaine à succès Hannah More. Paradoxalement, tout en participant de ce que More nomme la « profession » des femmes, l’expansion missionnaire leur offre de nouvelles possibilités d’action dans la sphère publique. Ainsi, de même qu’on a pu voir les femmes participer à la culture pamphlétaire dans l’Angleterre du milieu du XVIIe siècle, la promotion de la Bible en langue vernaculaire favorise au XIXe siècle l’émergence d’autrices au sein de la mission. Par le jeu d’échelles entre le national et le local, cet article se propose d’examiner dans quelle mesure les engagements missionnaires des femmes leur donnent accès à de nouveaux espaces de visibilité et de gouvernance, leur permettant ainsi de s’affranchir des délimitations imposées par la société. Une dynamique d’affirmation de l’agentivité féminine est ainsi mise en lumière, les femmes renégociant leur rôle d’assistantes jusqu’à être pleinement reconnues comme autrices et à affirmer la supériorité de leurs publications sur la littérature grise des missions.