bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change to Mixed-Lipid Emulsion From Soybean Oil–Based Lipid Emulsion in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Haines Krista L. , Ohnuma Tetsu , Hornik Chi Dang , Grisel Braylee , Leraas Harold , Trujillo Charles N. , Krishnamoorthy Vijay , Raghunathan Karthik , Wischmeyer Paul E. 
Published: September 2023

ImportanceCritically ill pediatric patients often require parenteral nutrition (PN) in the intensive care unit (ICU). Literature suggests mixed lipid emulsions (LE) with soybean oil reduction strategies may improve outcomes.ObjectiveTo examine the association of a hospital-wide switch to a mixed-lipid formula (4-OLE) with pediatric outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsRetrospective cohort study at a large US academic referral center. Pediatric patients aged 1 month to 17 years requiring parenteral nutrition from May 2016 to September 2019 were included. Data were analyzed from October 2020 to February 2023.ExposureIn 2017, Duke University Health System fully converted to a soybean oil/MCT/olive/fish oil lipid (4-OLE) from pure soybean oil–based LE in pediatric patients. Pediatric patients before the change (Intralipid [IL] group) were compared with patients after (4-OLE group).Main Outcomes and MeasuresClinical outcomes were compared between treatment periods via multivariable regression models. The primary outcome was hospital length of stay (LOS). Fourteen secondary outcomes included hospital mortality of any cause, 30-day or 90-day readmission, pneumonia, urinary tract infections (UTIs), total caloric delivery, and liver function tests (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin).ResultsA total of 684 children dependent on PN were identified (342 were critically ill), with 30% (206 children) in the preswitch (IL) period and 70% (478 children) in the postswitch (4-OLE) period; 123 were male (59.7%). In comparing IL vs 4-OLE, there was a significant difference in median (IQR) age (4.0 [1.2-13.0] vs 3.0 [0.8-9.0] years, respectively; P = .04), without difference in body mass index or baseline comorbidities except for significant differences in cancer diagnosis (26 patients in the IL group [12.6%] vs 29 patients in the 4-OLE group [6.1%]; P = .004) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (24 patients in the IL group [11.7%] vs 30 patients in the 4-OLE group [6.3%]; P = .02). In the all children cohort, 4-OLE was associated with shorter hospital LOS (IRR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.05-0.78), and reduced UTI risk (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.18-0.64). In the ICU cohort, 4-OLE was associated with shorter hospital LOS (IRR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.78-0.83), and reduced UTI risk (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.11-0.51). Other secondary outcomes were not significant.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this observational study of clinical outcomes among children dependent on PN, a switch to 4-OLE in a large academic hospital was associated with a significant decrease in hospital LOS in ICU and non-ICU patients. These findings suggest switching to a soy–LE sparing strategy using 4-OLE is feasible, safe, and associated with improved clinical outcomes in pediatric PN patients.
National Trends in Preterm Infant Mortality in the United States by Race and Socioeconomic Status, 1995-2020
Authors: Venkatesan Tim , Rees Philippa , Gardiner Julian , Battersby Cheryl , Purkayastha Mitana , Gale Chris , Sutcliffe Alastair G. 
Published: September 2023

ImportanceInequalities in preterm infant mortality exist between population subgroups within the United States.ObjectiveTo characterize trends in preterm infant mortality by maternal race and socioeconomic status to assess how inequalities in preterm mortality rates have changed over time.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a retrospective longitudinal descriptive study using the US National Center for Health Statistics birth infant/death data set for 12 256 303 preterm infant births over 26 years, between 1995 and 2020. Data were analyzed from December 2022 to March 2023.ExposuresMaternal characteristics including race, smoking status, educational attainment, antenatal care, and insurance status were used as reported on an infant’s US birth certificate.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPreterm infant mortality rate was calculated for each year from 1995 to 2020 for all subgroups, with a trend regression coefficient calculated to describe the rate of change in preterm mortality.ResultsThe average US preterm infant mortality rate (IMR) decreased from 33.71 (95% CI, 33.71 to 34.04) per 1000 preterm births per year between 1995-1997, to 23.32 (95% CI, 23.05 to 23.58) between 2018-2020. Black non-Hispanic infants were more likely to die following preterm births than White non-Hispanic infants (IMR, 31.09; 95% CI, 30.44 to 31.74, vs 21.81; 95% CI, 21.43 to 22.18, in 2018-2020); however, once born, extremely prematurely Black and Hispanic infants had a narrow survival advantage (IMR rate ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.91, in 2018-2020). The rate of decrease in preterm IMR was higher in Black infants (−0.015) than in White (−0.013) and Hispanic infants (−0.010); however, the relative risk of preterm IMR among Black infants compared with White infants remained the same between 1995-1997 vs 2018-2020 (relative risk, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.38 to 1.44, vs 1.43; 95% CI, 1.39 to 1.46). The rate of decrease in preterm IMR was higher in nonsmokers compared with smokers (−0.015 vs −0.010, respectively), in those with high levels of education compared with those with intermediate or low (−0.016 vs – 0.010 or −0.011, respectively), and in those who had received adequate antenatal care compared with those who did not (−0.014 vs −0.012 for intermediate and −0.013 for inadequate antenatal care). Over time, the relative risk of preterm mortality widened within each of these subgroups.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that between 1995 and 2020, US preterm infant mortality improved among all categories of prematurity. Inequalities in preterm infant mortality based on maternal race and ethnicity have remained constant while socioeconomic disparities have widened over time.
Microbial‐Enabled Photosynthetic Oxygenation for Disease Treatment
Authors: Yang Zhenyu , Li Ping , Feng Wei , Chen Yu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOxygen as one of the most critical substances in living organisms has attracted ever‐increasing attention in disease treatment, which is important in regulating metabolic activities. However, the hypoxia arising from disease is a prevalent problem, leading to observably reduced therapeutic effectiveness in photodynamic therapy, radiotherapy, sonodynamic therapy, etc. Therefore, the reversion of hypoxia becomes the basis for enhancing the disease treatment. Thanks to the development of nanotechnology, various nanomaterials with oxygen‐production capacity are explored to recover the function of oxygen in tissue, but there are still some limitations. The photosynthetic microorganisms (PSMs) are extensively applied for improving hypoxia in diseases due to their highly efficient photocatalytic oxygen production efficacy and desirable biocompatibility. In this review, the up‐to‐date research progress on therapeutic modalities of microbial‐based photosynthetic oxygenation (e.g., cancer treatment, wound healing, and tissue engineering) are summarized and highlighted. In addition, the key issue of biocompatibility/biosafety of microbial‐based treatment that is fundamental to apply in vivo is further emphasized and clarified. Finally, the present critical issues are discussed and the future evolution of microbial‐based treatment based on photosynthetic oxygenation is predicted, promoting further development and clinical applications.
Skyrmion‐Bubble Bundles in an X‐Type Sr2Co2Fe28O46 Hexaferrite above Room Temperature
Authors: Tang Jin , Wu Yaodong , Jiang Jialiang , Kong Lingyao , Wang Shouguo , Tian Mingliang , Du Haifeng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMagnetic skyrmions are spin swirls that possess topological nontriviality and are considered particle‐like entities. They are distinguished by an integer topological charge Q. The presence of skyrmion bundles provides an opportunity to explore the range of values for Q, which is crucial for the advancement of topological spintronic devices with multi‐Q properties. In this study, a new material candidate, Sr2Co2Fe28O46 hexaferrite of the X‐type, which hosts small dipolar skyrmions at room temperature and above is presented. By exploiting reversed magnetic fields from metastable skyrmion bubbles at zero fields, skyrmion‐bubble bundles with different interior skyrmion/bubble numbers, topological charges, and morphologies at room temperature are incorporated. These experimental findings are consistently supported by micromagnetic simulations. These results highlight the versatility of topological spin textures in centrosymmetric uniaxial magnets, thereby paving the way for the development of room‐temperature topological spintronic devices with multi‐Q characteristics.
Amine‐Functionalized Carbon Dots as PEDOT:PSS Dopants for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Wei , Zhong Wentao , Tang Yirong , Wang Xinyuan , Li Huan , Yang Tingbin , Liang Yongye 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe hole transport layer (HTL) is an important component in organic solar cells (OSCs). As a commonly used HTL, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene‐sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) in OSCs generally exhibits relatively low conductivity, hindering device performance improvement. Herein, amine‐functionalized carbon dots (CDs‐N) are introduced as dopants of PEDOT:PSS, which can effectively enhance the HTL conductivity while maintaining a similar work function. The PEDOT:PSS+CDs‐N devices exhibit higher power conversion efficiencies due to the improved charge extraction ability. It is found that the larger conjugated backbones of CDs‐N and the amine functional groups interacting with PSS are keys for such optimization. This work illustrates the potential of CDs for the applications on interface layers in OSCs.
In Situ XPS Proved Efficient Charge Transfer of S‐Scheme Heterjunction Based on Graphdiyne (g‐CnH2n‐2) Nanosheets Coupling with Semi‐Crystalline NiCo2S4 for Efficient Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Fan Yu , Hao Xuqiang , Shao Yifan , Jin Zhiliang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe excessive utilization of fossil fuels has resulted in an energy crisis. The implementation of a heterojunction for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution represents a promising solution to the current energy predicament. In this work, a 0D/2D S‐scheme graphdiyne/NiCo2S4 (GDY/NiCo2S4) heterojunction is constructed by semi‐crystalline NiCo2S4 nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized on the surface of GDY nanosheets through hydrothermal method. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrated the thickness of GDY nanosheets is 2.8 nm. The unique 2D laminar structure and porous structure of GDY ensures a tight bond with NiCo2S4 NPs. The maximum rate of photocatalytic hydrogen production is 6682.6 µmol h−1 g−1 over 15% GDY/NiCo2S4, which is much higher than GDY and NiCo2S4. The outstanding photocatalytic hydrogen production performance can be attributed to the S‐scheme GDY/NiCo2S4 heterostructure. The fluorescence results demonstrated that the incorporation of GDY significantly enhanced the efficiency of photoelectron‐hole transfer and prolonged the electron lifetime. The S‐scheme photogenerated charge transfer mechanism is verified through in situ irradiated X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The present study introduces innovative concepts for the design of an S‐scheme heterojunction based on graphdiyne, aiming to enhance photocatalytic hydrogen production.
Realization Method of Stable Continuous Steering Jumping for a Bioinspired Jerboa Robot
Authors: Zhang Ziqiang , Wang Zhi , Li Jun , Ning Meng , Yang Jun , Zhou Zhenyong , Li Xiaohui , Liu Weihui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe continuous jumping of bioinspired robots in 3D spaces can greatly improve its motion flexibility, which is one of the highlights of research on jumping robots. However, most existing jumping robots can only move in a plane, and achieving stable continuous steering jumping is difficult. In this study, a realization method of stable continuous steering jumping for a bioinspired jerboa robot is proposed. On the basis of the jumping mechanism of the jerboa, the robot mechanism model is established, and the factors affecting motion feasibility and performance are analyzed in detail. Then, mathematical models of the stability indices of the robot jumping on uneven ground with redundant driving are established. Based on the proposed improved bee colony algorithm, the motion parameters and driving parameters can be determined. Simulation results show that the robot can realize stable continuous steering jumping in different terrains along the expected trajectory, thus proving the feasibility of the method proposed in this study. This study provides a theoretical reference for the high‐speed flexible motion of legged robots in 3D spaces.
Sputtering of Molybdenum as a Promising Back Electrode Candidate for Superstrate Structured Sb2S3 Solar Cells
Authors: Li Hu , Yang Guo‐Qin , Hu Xiao‐Yang , Hu Yi‐Hua , Zeng Rui‐Bo , Cai Jin‐Rui , Yao Li‐Quan , Lin Li‐Mei , Cai Li‐Ping , Chen Guilin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSb2S3 is rapidly developed as light absorber material for solar cells due to its excellent photoelectric properties. However, the use of the organic hole transport layer of Spiro‐OMeTAD and gold (Au) in Sb2S3 solar cells imposes serious problems in stability and cost. In this work, low‐cost molybdenum (Mo) prepared by magnetron sputtering is demonstrated to serve as a back electrode in superstrate structured Sb2S3 solar cells for the first time. And a multifunctional layer of Se is inserted between Sb2S3/Mo interface by evaporation, which plays vital roles as: i) soft loading of high‐energy Mo particles with the help of cottonlike‐Se layer; ii) formation of surficial Sb2Se3 on Sb2S3 layer, and then reducing hole transportation barrier. To further alleviate the roll‐over effect, a pre‐selenide Mo target and consequentially form a MoSe2 is skillfully sputtered, which is expected to manipulate the band alignment and render an enhanced holes extraction. Impressively, the device with an optimized Mo electrode achieves an efficiency of 5.1%, which is one of the highest values among non‐noble metal electrode based Sb2S3 solar cells. This work sheds light on the potential development of low‐cost metal electrodes for superstrate Sb2S3 devices by carefully designing the back contact interface.
Tilted Magnetic Anisotropy with In‐Plane Broken Symmetry in Ru‐Substituted Manganite Films
Authors: Das Brajagopal , Wysocki Lena , Schöpf Jörg , Yang Lin , Capua Amir , van Loosdrecht Paul H.M. , Kornblum Lior 
Published: September 2023

AbstractControlling the magnetic anisotropy of materials is important in a variety of applications including magnetic memories, spintronic sensors, and skyrmion‐based devices. Ru‐substituted La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (Ru‐LSMO) is an emerging material, showing tilted magnetic anisotropy (TMA) and possible nontrivial magnetic topologies. Here anisotropic in‐plane magnetization is reported in moderately compressed Ru‐LSMO films, coexisting with TMA. This combination is attractive for technological applications, such as spin‐orbit torque (SOT) based devices and other spintronic applications. A microstructural analysis of films of this material is presented, and Ru single ion anisotropy and strain‐induced structural mechanisms are found to be responsible for both the in‐plane anisotropy and the TMA. The manifestation of these properties in a correlated oxide with Curie temperature near room temperature highlights an attractive platform for technological realization of SOT and other spintronic devices. Illustrating the mechanisms behind these properties provides the necessary engineering space for harnessing these phenomena for practical devices.
Pollution and fatal traffic accidents in California counties
Authors: Braun Mark , Villas‐Boas Sofia B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe estimate pollution's causal effect on fatal traffic accidents using instrumental variables. Using variation in fine particulate matter of 2.5 micrometers in diameter or less (PM2.5) because of air temperature inversions and eastward wind, we find that of PM2.5 positively affects fatal traffic accidents. Fatalities increase on average by 1.3% when PM2.5 increases by 1 g/m3. This increase corresponds to 67 more yearly fatalities in California on average. The positive effects we estimate are consistent with mechanisms such as cognitive function due to pollution inhalation. Heterogeneity analysis finds that this mechanism is worsened for non‐rural and for lower‐income counties while it is mitigated by driver risk aversion during poor air quality days.
Herbicide and additive impacts on Bradyrhizobium japonicum growth in solution
Authors: Amajioyi Joy , Nleya Thandiwe , Subramanian Senthil , Clay Sharon A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPlant biostimulants include beneficial fungi and bacteria, and are often applied to foliage to improve crop growth, yield, and/or crop quality. Crop improvements due to biostimulant addition may be modest; therefore, solo applications may not be economical or climate smart. However, biostimulants combined with other postemergence treatments, such as herbicides, may provide an alternative application method, if mixtures do not harm the living organism(s). The growth of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, as a biostimulant surrogate, was assessed in solutions of glyphosate [N‐(phosphonomethyl)glycine] and dicamba (3,6‐dichloro‐2‐methoxybenzoic acid), with and without common spray additives (ammonium sulfate [AMS] and nonionic surfactant) in laboratory studies over 72 h. Solution turbidity, using optical density as a surrogate of bacterial growth, was measured at 600 nm at 24, 48, and 72 h after inoculation, and colony forming units (CFUs) per milliliter were estimated. Growth was not detected in either the glyphosate or AMS solutions, most likely due to the low pH and high electrical conductivity of the solutions, respectively. When herbicides were mixed with a nonionic surfactant, CFUs per milliliter were about 25% greater than the positive control. These data suggest that mixing bacteria with postemergence herbicide + surfactants/additives combinations can hinder or maintain growth when preparing for agrochemical applications. Biostimulant type and the agrichemical combination(s) should be evaluated prior to tank mixing to determine if detrimental interactions occur. After application, an evaluation of the effectiveness of the biostimulant to the crop and efficacy of the agrichemical to the target organism should be conducted.
Unveiling size‐fluorescence correlation of organic nanoparticles and its use in nanoparticle size determination
Authors: Guo Wu‐Jie , Ma Shixiang , Wang Hui , Qiao Lu , Chen Lei , Hong Chenyu , Liu Bin , Zheng Xiaoyan , Peng Hui‐Qing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractQuantitatively establishing the correlation between nanoparticle size and fluorescence is essential for understanding the behavior and functionality of fluorescent nanoparticles (FNPs). However, such exploration focusing on organic FNPs has not been achieved to date. Herein, we employ the use of supramolecular polymeric FNPs prepared from tetraphenylethylene‐based bis‐ureidopyrimidinone monomers (bis‐UPys) to relate the size to the fluorescence of organic nanoparticles. At an equal concentration of bis‐UPys, a logarithmic relationship between them is built with a correlation coefficient higher than 0.96. Theoretical calculations indicate that variations in fluorescence intensity among FNPs of different sizes are attributed to the distinct molecular packing environments at the surface and within the interior of the nanoparticles. This leads to different nonradiative decay rates of the embedded and exposed bis‐UPys and thereby changes the overall fluorescence quantum yield of nanoparticles due to their different specific surface areas. The established fluorescence intensity‐size correlation possesses fine universality and reliability, and it is successfully utilized to estimate the sizes of other nanoparticles, including those in highly diluted dispersions of FNPs. This work paves a new way for the simple and real‐time determination of nanoparticle sizes and offers an attractive paradigm to optimize nanoparticle functionalities by the size effect.
Night and day: Contributions of diurnal and nocturnal visitors to pollen dispersal, paternity diversity, and fruit set in an early‐blooming shrub, Daphne jezoensis
Authors: Shibata Akari , Kudo Gaku 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPremiseUnder uncertain pollinator visit conditions, plants often exhibit long flowering periods and generalized pollination systems. Flowering of the gynodioecious shrub Daphne jezoensis occurs in early spring in cool temperate forests. Pollination by nocturnal moths is expected, given the species’ tubular‐shaped flowers with sweet fragrance and nectar. However, the effectiveness of nocturnal moths under cool conditions is unknown. We evaluated the relative importance of diurnal and nocturnal visitors as pollinators in early spring.MethodsWe investigated flowering duration, flower visitors, and floral scents in a natural population. We experimentally exposed flowers to visitors only during daytime or nighttime using bagging treatments and evaluated the contributions of diurnal and nocturnal insects to fruit set, pollen dispersal distance, and paternity diversity using 16 microsatellite markers.ResultsFemale flowers lasted ~3 wk, which was ~8 d longer than the flowering period of hermaphrodites. Various insects, including Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera, visited the flowers during both daytime and nighttime. Flowers emitted volatiles, such as lilac aldehyde isomers and β‐ocimene, which are known to attract moths. Fruit‐set rate in the night‐open treatment was similar to or higher than that in the day‐open treatment. However, pollen dispersal distance in the night‐open treatment was shorter than that in the day‐open treatment. Paternity diversity was similar in day‐open and night‐open treatments.ConclusionsEarly‐blooming plants ensure pollen receipt and dispersal by having a long flowering period and using both diurnal and nocturnal flower visitors, suggesting the importance of a generalized pollination system under uncertain pollinator visit conditions.