bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deformation Properties of Stone Columns Back-calculated from Static Load Tests
Authors: Fard Houman Soleimani 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The stone column is a cost-effective, sustainable, and technically sound ground improvement solution for enhancing bearing capacity, minimizing settlement, and mitigating the liquefaction potential of a wide range of soils. In this study, the main methods of stone column execution are briefly explained, design approaches are discussed, and testing procedures are elaborated on in more detail. The results of plate load tests (PLT) are numerically simulated to back-calculate stone column properties. In this research, the Hardening Soil model (HS) is selected to simulate stone columns and soil profiles. The outcomes of this modelling and the adopted calculation approach are verified by three-zone load tests (ZLT) performed on grounds reinforced by stone columns in various projects. Reasonably good matches are observed between experimental and numerical results, approving parameters back-analyzed from PLTs and the employed calculation methodology. Finally, a widely used analytical approach of the calculation of stone columns (Priebe method) is compared with the numerical and experimental results of the studied ZLTs. The comparison confirmed that the Priebe method could practically calculate the settlement of grounds treated by stone columns although settlements were slightly higher than experimentally observed values. In the end, the advantages and limitations of each method are discussed.
أوحد الزمان أبو البركات الطبيب الفيلسوف
Authors: Thalnon Saad Abd Alhaleem , Hashem Muhammad Sagur 
Published: January 2023

وصلت العلوم العقلية والانسانية عند العرب والمسلمين وخصوصاً في العصر العباسي ، بسبب ما تميزت به تلك المرحلة من الانفتاح العلمي والحضاري ، ولم يكن العلم حكراً على المسلمين فقط بل شارك فيه اهل الملل الاخرى من يهود او نصارى سواءً كانوا من العرب اُو من غير العرب.
واصبحت بغداد قبله العلماء والادباء والاطباء وطلبة العلم وغيرهم من اصحاب المهن والحرف ، ويعود الفضل في ذلك الى سعي الخلفاء العباسيين ومن سار على نهجهم من الامراء والوزراء برعاية العلماء وطلبة العلم والباحثين فيه ، وقد برزت شخصية الطبيب العراقي ابي البركات هبه الله بن ملكا اليهودي كطبيب بارع خدم الخليفة العباسي المستنجد بالله ( 518-566ه/1124-1170م)، وذاع صيته بين العامة ليس كطبيب فحسب بل كفيلسوف عظيم ، حتى عرف بأوحد زمانه وما يميز ابو البركات عن بقيه اطباء عصره انه عمل على العلاج للأمراض بالطب النفسي ونجح في شفاء العديد من المرضى معتمدا على حيل بسيطة غير انها قد اعطت نتائج كبيرة .
ذلك ما دعاني الى اظهار تلك الشخصية العلمية الكبيرة الذي ليس في مجال الطب فحسب بل في العلوم الاخرى فكان رفداً من روافد الحضارة العربية الاسلامية
الدولة العميقة وأثرها على السلم المجتمعي ( دراسة سوسيو سياسية في مجتمعات ثنائية السلطة )
Authors: Ahmed Salah Hassan 
Published: January 2023

تمثل الدولة العميقة أو ما تٌعرف بالدولة المتجذرة كياناً متخفياً في جسم الدولة الوطنية لا يألوا جهداً أو يدّخر وسعاً في التحكم بالقرارات المصيرية التي تمس بالصميم حاضر ومستقبل الأمة ،وهذه الدولة غالباً ما تتألف من أجهزة وإدارات غير منتخبة تعمل بدأب تحت الطاولة وخلف الكواليس بعيداً عن الأنظار حتى يمكن تشبيهها بالأخطبوط الذي له اذرع متعددة تنتشر في أغلب مفاصل ومؤسسات الدولة الرسمية ولاسيما الحيوية منها على وجه الخصوص . ويعمل جنود ورجالات الدولة العميقة حثيثاً على تعزيز مصالحهم الخاصة في المقام الأول ومن ثم محاربة توجهات معارضيهم ثانياً حتى يكون باستطاعتهم من بلوغ أهدافهم بكل يسر وسهولة وبدون عراقيل تُذكر في هذا المجال ، وغالباّ ما تمتلك هذه الدولة من الوسائل ما يجعلها من إنفاذ مخططاتها وتحقيق أهدافها بسلاسة وتتمثل هذه الوسائل بالمال والسلاح.
إن هذه الدولة من حيث بعدها البنيوي تعد تنظيماً غير رسمي له مصالحه وامتداده الواسعة والعريضة في الداخل والخارج على حد سواء، وله عدة أقنعة واًوجه منها ما هو خفيّ ومستتر ومنها ما هو معلن وصريح ، يأخذ على عاتقه تحريك الجهات والأطراف المحسوبة عليه في مؤسسات الدولة الوطنية لتنفيذ المخططات المرسومة له ، ولا يتردد أنصار هذه الدولة وأتباعها من اللجوء الى العنف ضد خصومهم إذا اقتضت الضرورة لذلك ، الأمر الذي يهدد السلم المجتمعي ويجعله على شفير الهاوية . إن ضرب الأمن والاستقرار وتفتيت النسيج الوطني تعد من أولويات أهداف هذه الدولة التي تحاول بكل ما تستطيع من أن تعمل على تحويل الأمة الى كيانات ضعيفة هزيلة ليست لها القدرة على المقاومة ضد الاخطار المحدقة بها
Pronunciation of English Stress by Iraqi Arabic and Kurdish EFL Learners
Authors: Ali Hasan Shaban , Abdalla Jihan Kareem 
Published: January 2023

Stress is one of the main linguistic aspects that deals with greater effort on a syllable or syllables in a word and making them more prominent than other unstressed syllables. This phonetic and phonological feature is probably present in most languages of the world. The present study presents lexical stress patterns influence on Iraqi Arabic and Kurdish EFL learners’ pronunciation. The study aims at investigating two different language groups of EFL learners’ accuracy scores and errors in the production of English stress and also investigating the effect of first language on their pronunciation of English words concerning Iraqi Arabic and Kurdish EFL learners. The current study hypothesizes the following for the aims to be achieved: there is no difference in the performance of the two language groups in the production of English lexical stress; the presence of high efficiency in the correct assignment of lexical stress on two syllable words and little one in pronouncing three syllable words for all language groups. Lastly, the validity of the data is analyzed acoustically by using Praat software program to verify the auditory analysis and to make certain that stress assignment is precise. One of the main conclusions arrived at, in the present study, is that the performance of the different language groups is better when they produce two-syllable words whereas they reflect poor performance much errors in three-syllable words.
The works of artists of the Palekh lacquer miniature craft in the field of design of theatrical productions of the 1930s - 1970s (Palekh and Theater)
Authors: Lavrov Dmitrii Evgen'evich 
Published: January 2023

The subject of the proposed research is a historical analysis of the works of the masters of the Palekh craft of the 1930s - 1970s in the field of design of theatrical productions – a little-studied phenomenon of Russian folk culture of the twentieth century. The author of the article draws the most illustrative examples, referring to the sketches created by Palekh artists for productions of the Soviet theater. Special attention in the study is paid to the largest figures of the craft who worked in the field of theatrical design: I. I. Golikov, P. D. Bazhenov, N. M. Parilov, A. A. Kotukhina. The purpose of the article is to show the importance of the creative contribution of the Palekh masters to the development of theatrical and decorative art of the Soviet era on the extensive material of numerous productions of major theaters in Moscow, Leningrad and other cities. Using the method of comparative analysis, as well as historical-systemic and iconographic research methods, the author emphasizes the importance of knowledge about the works of Palekh artists in the field of theatrical productions for a correct understanding of the general history of Palekh craft in the twentieth century. The scientific novelty of the research consists in an attempt to analyze the topic under consideration as a single complex phenomenon. The main conclusion of the article is the thesis about the inseparable connection of Paleshan's "theatrical" works with lacquer miniature: the theatrical design works of Palekh masters appear at the same time with their experiments with lacquer miniature; the largest Palekh miniaturists worked with theaters; during the entire Soviet period, Paleshan's experience in theatrical and decorative art was in demand as much as and their lacquer miniature.
Yüksək dərəcəli futbolçularda sürət keyfiyyətinin təkmilləşdirilməsində fərdi texniki hazırlığın tədqiqi
Authors: Əliyev İlqar , Qarayev Gəray , İbrahimli Arif , Quliyev Namiq , Hüseynov Ələkbər 
Published: January 2023

Yüksək dərəcəli futbolçuların texniki hazırlığ səviyyəsinin sürət keyfiyyətinin təkminləşməsi ilə paralel aparılmasını araşdırmışdır. Futbolçularda texnikanın təkminləşməsi və fərdi texniki hazırlığın yüksək sürət keyfiyyəti ilə əlaqələrini təhlil etmişdir sürətin inkişafının məşq prosesində texniki hazırlıqla paralel aparılmasının inkişaf etdirici rejimdə həyata keçirilməsini tövsiyyə edir. Futbolçuların sürətli oyun epizodlarında texniki fəndlərin icrası, oyun tempinin saxlanılması və hərəkətlərin (xüsusi–topla və qeyri–xüsusi–topsuz) icra tezliyi onların funksional imkanlarından bilavasitə asılıdır. Bunun üçün isə futbolçuların texnika ifaçılığı, ustalığı bu fəndlərin icrasımexanizmi məşqin inkişafetdirici rejimində həyata keçirilir. Uyğunlaşma prosesi və onun qeyri-xüsusi hərəkətlərin tətbiqində məşqin metodundan istifadəsi elmi-tədqiqat sahəsində çox aktualdır (3, 7).
Yuxarı sinif şagirdlərinin hərəki qabiliyyətlərinin dərs və dərsdən kənar məşğələlərdə inkişafının tədqiqi
Authors: Heydərova M.Z. , Zeynalov A.M. 
Published: January 2023

Müəllif “Yuxarı sinif şagirdlərinin hərəki qabiliyyətlərinin dərs və dərsdənkənar məşğələlərdə inkişafı” adlı məqalədə yuxarı sinif şagirdlərinin hərəki qabiliyyətlərinin inkişaf etdirilməsində ﬁziki tərbiyə, idman və turizm üzrə həyata keçirilən dərsdənkənar idman məşğələlərinin, kütləvi tədbirlərin, turizm yürüşlərinin əhəmiyyəti qeyd edilir. Bu tədbirlərin pedaqoji prinsipləri, tərbiyə- ləndirici, inkişafetdirici, sağlamlaşdırıcı vəzifələri sistemli şəkildə nəzərə çatdırılır.
Məqalənin elmi yeniliyi ondan ibarətdir ki, burada ﬁziki tərbiyənin başlıca vasitələrinin yuxarı sinif şagirdlərinin hərəki qabiliy- yətlərinin ahəngdar inkişafına göstərdiyi təsir imkanları və yollarını müəyyənləşdirilmişdir.
Tədqiqatın təcrübi əhəmiyyəti ondan ibarətdir ki, ﬁziki tərbiyə dərsləri və dərsdən- kənar məşğələlər vasitəsilə yuxarı sinif şagirdlərinin hərəki qabiliyyətlərinin inkişafı sahəsində alınan nəticələr, ﬁziki tərbiyə müəllimlərinə, idman təlimatçılarına pedaqoji-metodik istiqamət verəcək, problem dairəsində pedaqoji fəaliyyətin səmərəsini yüksəldəcəkdir.
A Theological Case for Ukraine’s European Integration: Deconstructing the Myth of “Holy Russia” vs. “Decadent Europe”
Authors: Searle Joshua 
Published: January 2023

Since 24th February 2022, Russia’s so-called “special military operation” has evolved into a campaign of mass extermination and demoralisation of the Ukrainian civilian population. Despite the barbarism of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, several prominent Christian leaders have sought to justify the barbaric invasion by appealing to notions such as “Christian values” and “Christian civilisation.” According to this narrative, Putin’s Russia represents “traditional Christianity”, which is in opposition to the decadent forces of secular modernity, represented by the nations of Europe and North America. This exclusive narrative depicts Europe as a hostile Other, representing liberalism, superficiality and depravity, that is set against the supposedly profound “Russian values” of family, tradition and respect for authority. This perspective also presupposes that “innocent sinless Russia” is engaged in an apocalyptic struggle against the “sinful immoral West” on behalf of Christianity. This dubious claim is repeated by Russian politicians and church leaders and amplified by Russian propaganda networks. Ominously, the baseless notion of “special Slavic spirituality” is prevalent not only among Orthodox Christians, but also among some post-Soviet protestants. The aim of this article is to deconstruct this myth in both a positive and negative sense.
The Other as Subject: Political Theologies of Autocracy and Democracy
Authors: Keller Catherine 
Published: January 2023

Сrisis of war leads some people of faith to the question – how can a God of love let such horrors happen? To us as subjects, to us as others? Some with more Calvinist leanings may ask – how can this be part of God’s providential direction of history? These are the questions of theodicy. They presume a standard view of God’s power as an omnipotent control, an omnipotence allowing some degree of human freedom, some version of the human subject’s responsibility. Let me emphasize that the driving question behind the theodicy question is that of divine power. If God has total control, if God is omnipotent in the classical sense, then evil is either directly willed by “Him” or “permitted” – in which case He could step in to stop Putin, could give Putin a heart attack or a change of heart, but for His own inscrutable reasons chooses not to. In other words the intimately disturbing question of theodicy comes down to the broader question of political theology.
Christos Yannaras's View on the History of Western Theology from St. Augustine to Nietzsche
Authors: Shymanovych Andrii 
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes the anti-Western and radically anti-ecumenical theology of the Greek Orthodox thinker Christos Yannaras and his idea of gradual centuries-old deviation of Western theology from the authentic tradition of the early Church Fathers. The study touches upon such subjects as intellectual influences on the process of formation of Yannaras’s thought, the role of the apophatic mystical tradition in Christian theology, and the basic roots of his radical anti-Scholasticism. The article also contains the detailed survey of Yannaras’s analysis of Friedrich Nietzsche’s ‘God is dead’-concept as the natural final point of the Western intellectual discourse’s degradation and dechristianization. There’s also a set of counterarguments from Yannaras’s opponents – Eastern Orthodox theologians Pantelis Kalaitzidis and Vasilios Makrides – who stand for dialogue, openness, ecumenical activity and inclusiveness of the modern Orthodox Church and reject any attempts of its intellectual self-isolation and solipsization.
ATUAÇÃO DO ENFERMEIRO NA CONSULTA DE PUERICULTURA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: De Souza Lima Ana Erica , Arnaldo Falcão Brenda , Fernandes Granjeiro Moane , Kilcia Carvalho Sena Damasceno Carolinne , Dalva da Silva Oliveira Adélia , Macêdo Magalhães Juliana 
Published: January 2023

Objetivo: Analisar na literatura científica a atuação do enfermeiro na consulta de puericultura. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados eletrônicas LILACS, MEDLINE, BBDENF via BVS e na SciELO. Resultados: Foram utilizados 23 artigos. Os mesmo foram agrupados em categorias temáticas, sendo elas: atuação do enfermeiro na puericultura e dificuldades encontradas na atuação do enfermeiro na puericultura. Conclusão: O enfermeiro desempenha um papel importante no cuidado de enfermagem a partir da formação de vinculo e atendimento integral. Contudo vale ressaltar que apesar da criação desse vinculo o enfermeiro enfrenta algumas dificuldades na realização das consultas, tanto dificultas estruturais quanto técnicas, havendo a necessidade de um treinamento desses profissionais. Acredita-se também que o enfermeiro é um dos maiores apoiadores da equipe e cuida da criança com base na aceitação, atenção e coesão. As pesquisas atuais sobre o assunto apontam para uma lacuna importante e representa uma limitação pela necessidade de pesquisas nos últimos anos para aprimorar o novo processo de vivência da atuação do enfermeiro na consulta de puericultura.
Descritores: Cuidados de Enfermagem; Enfermagem de Atenção Primária; Cuidado da Criança.
A Python program to draw energy level diagram and to calculate quantum defects, the high lying Rydberg level
Authors: Hasan Nafees  , Javaid Saba , Misha shafi,  , Rajput Ahmed Ali , M. Daniyal  , Zahid M. Mustaqeem , Ejaz Fatima 
Published: January 2023

Rydberg atoms have strong and adjustable atomic interactions that can be tweaked by choosing different states with various principal quantum numbers or orbital angular momentum. They are highly used in quantum information applications. Furthermore, these atoms have long lifetimes and many possible energy levels, and their separations enable coupling to electromagnetic fields with frequencies ranging over six orders of magnitude. We studied some properties of these atoms and have developed a python program; the program gives two options. Firstly, it calculates energies of elements in s, p, d, and f orbitals and draws an energy level diagram of the element listed in the program. Secondly, it gives an option for calculating energy and quantum defects of atoms and ions, either listed or not listed in the program and generates their graphs accordingly. There are 21 elements in the database whose energy level diagrams could be drawn. The database can be extended by adding more elements.
Ground state energy of the hydrogen atom inside penetrable spherical cavities; variational approach
Authors: Aquino N. , Rojas R. A. , Castaño E. 
Published: January 2023

In this work we calculate the ground state energy of the hydrogen atom confined in a sphere of penetrable walls of radius Rc. Inside the sphere the system is subject to a Coulomb potential, whereas outside of it the potential is a finite constant V0. The energy is obtained as a function of Rc and V0 by means of the Rayleigh-Ritz variational method, in which, the trial function is proposed as a free particle wave function within a finite square well potential but including an exponential factor that takes into account the electron-nucleus Coulomb attraction. For an impenetrable sphere, , the energy grows fast as Rc approaches zero. On the other hand, when the height of the barrier V0 is finite, the energy increases slowly as Rc goes to zero. We also compute the Fermi contact term, nuclear magnetic screening, polarizability, pressure and tunneling as a function of Rc and V0. As expected, these physical quantities approach the corresponding values of the free hydrogen atom as Rc grows. We also discuss the pressure-induced ionization of the hydrogen atom. The present results are found in good agreement with those previously published in the literature.
The historical development of decentralisation in Syria
Authors: Rabat Lujain 
Published: January 2023

This article presents a comparative historical analysis of the development of decentralization in Syria during three historical stages: under the Ottoman empire, during the French mandate, and in the period after the country became independent. The purpose of this research is to reveal patterns that explain the current state of decentralization in Syria today. Primary sources such as legislative decrees and constitutions, as well as secondary scientific and analytical sources are used in this work to analyse the development of decentralization in Syria. This article identifies different aspects, in which the local administration system today has been influenced by previous laws and practices developed by previous governments, namely the country’s administrative-territorial division, the concentration of power at the local level with centrally appointed persons, and the perception of decentralization as a threat to security. Despite many constitutions and legislations throughout Syria’s history mentioning decentralization and empowering local administrative units, governance remains a highly centralized process, giving elected local administrative units limited powers and responsibilities. The securitization of administrative processes as well as prioritizing economic, political, military, and other elite interests throughout Syria’s history have been obstacles to decentralising powers and responsibilities to local administration bodies. However, due to the development of events on the ground in Syria since the beginning of the crisis in 2011, different views on the best form of decentralization for the country’s future, and the role it can play at this important stage of the country&apos;s history began to appear in the Syrian society.
Historical background and consequences of the kanal Istanbul construction
Authors: Bdoyan David 
Published: January 2023

The security and stability of the Black Sea Region is vital for the interests of Russia. The current status of the Black Sea Straits, which is regulated by the 1936 Montreux Convention, generally ensures this security. A destabilizing factor for the region may become Turkey’s desire to strengthen control over the Straits and the construction of an alternative channel, which will be under Turkish jurisdiction and which will not be subject to the Montreux Convention.

The construction of the Kanal Istanbul in the context of global instability and the existence of serious contradictions between Western countries and Russia can lead to an imbalance of forces in the Black Sea region. In this regard, this article provides a brief historical overview of how Russia has defended its vital interests in this region over the centuries, as well as how the control over the passage from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean by the different actors was influencing the balance of power in the region. In addition, for a better understanding of the military, political, economic, and ecological consequences of the construction of the Kanal Istanbul the article analyzes the current situation around this project using a matrix of interests.

Consequently, by studying the historical and modern processes taking place in the Black Sea region, and also considering the importance of this region for the security and economic well-being of Russia, the author came to the conclusion that the future status of the Kanal Istanbul should be included in the Russian-Turkish agenda.
Mongolia In Finno-Ugric Academic And Political Discourse (1840s – 1910s)
Authors: Zagrebin Aleksei Ye. 
Published: January 2023

Mongolia, as one of the geographical and semantic centerpieces of Central Asia, has remained in focus of Finno-Ugric, Altaic and Turkic studies for several generations. Expeditions and academic publications in the 1840s-1910s were given special attention due to growing political tension in a strategically important region, where the interests of the &quot;Great Powers&quot;, Japan and China, converged. The search for Oriental rarities and negotiations with the leaders and religious figures of Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang took place against the backdrop of tense social situation in a multiethnic and multiconfessional land. Mongolia, the Mongolian language and ethnoculture have gained prominence in the scholarly discourse of Finno-Ugric studies. By looking into Mongolian materials, Finnish and Hungarian researchers have tried either to confirm or to disprove the linguistic and ethnogenetic closeness of their own ethnicities to the Central Asian cultures of the past. M.A. Castrén and A. Csoma de Kőrös had paved the first roads of research to the East, after which the expeditions of J.R. Aspelin, H. Vámbéry, A.O. Heikel, K.G. Mannerheim, G.J. Ramstedt and J.G. Granö followed. A leading role in the organization of field research in Southern Siberia, Altai and Mongolia was played by the Finnish-Ugric Society, established in 1883, and its longstanding Chairman, Professor O. Donner. Studying the oral poetry, literary and monumental heritage of Mongolia, scholars have directly or indirectly touched upon the issues of ethnic identity and self-representation of contemporary Finno-Ugric peoples. In this case, the scholarly dialogue was combined with discussions on domestic politics and international affairs at the same expedition tent.