bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Insider Researcher Trainees in Recruiting and Retaining Latinx in an Outdoor Health Promotion Research Study
Authors: Mendez Rebecca , Velazquez Edgar , Gimenez Alyssa , Michaud Midley , Mendez Jaqueline , Wong Miriam , Quesada James , Márquez-Magaña Leticia , Samayoa Cathy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLatinx represent the second largest ethnic group in the USA and remain significantly underrepresented in research studies. Efforts to better include Latinx make use of community-engaged research (CEnR) approaches, peer-navigators, and cultural humility training for research teams. While these efforts have led to slight increases in Latinx participation, studies to identify strategic practices for better inclusion of Latinx participants are needed. The objective of this study was to qualitatively examine factors leading to successful recruitment and retention of Latinx participants in the Promoting Activity and Stress Reduction in the Outdoors (PASITO) intervention. For this intervention, 99 low-income Latinx clients in a local community were contacted and 52 participants were recruited (53%). All were retained in the 3-month intervention. Of these, 12 were interviewed within 6 months of the close of PASITO by bi-cultural and bi-lingual non-research staff. They conducted one-on-one structured telephone interviews. Of the twelve participants, three (25%) were men, nine (75%) were women, and the mean age was 43.7 (SD = 8.7). Four critical themes for the recruitment and retention of Latinx populations emerged from the interviews: (1) importance of insider researchers; (2) sense of community and belonging; (3) responsive programming; and (4) health-promoting activities. These findings support the significant role insider researchers can play, and social identity theory provides a useful framework for understanding the role of insider researchers in recruiting and retaining Latinx, and likely other minoritized groups, in clinical studies. Insider researchers possess the skills, training, community cultural wealth, in-depth understanding of their communities, and structural competencies that position them to carry out more inclusive studies to address the needs of marginalized communities and advance science.
Low-risk cefalexin allergies are associated with inpatient prescribing of second-line non-beta-lactam antibiotics
Authors: Jiang Melinda , Bacchi Stephen , Lam Lydia , Lam Antoinette , Inglis Joshua M. , Gilbert Toby , Gluck Samuel , Shakib Sepehr , Yuson Chino , Smith William 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Cefalexin is a commonly prescribed oral antibiotic, with a similar side chain to amoxicillin. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe the frequency and nature of previously recorded cefalexin adverse reaction (AR) labels in the electronic medical record (EMR) in a medical inpatient cohort, (2) evaluate the accuracy of these labels and (3) examine the association between a cefalexin allergy label and the antibiotics prescribed during an inpatient admission.

Methods
Consecutive admissions under general medicine in a tertiary hospital over a 1-year period were included in this retrospective cohort study. Data regarding cefalexin adverse reaction (AR) history, and antibiotics prescribed during admission were collected from the EMR. Cefalexin allergy descriptions were reviewed using expert criteria to determine whether the described reaction was most consistent with allergy or intolerance.

Results
The number of admissions included in this study was 12,134. Of the 224 (1.9%) admissions with a recorded cefalexin AR, 196 (87.5%) had a label of allergy and 28 (12.5%) of intolerance. Following the application of expert criteria, 43 (21.9%) of cefalexin allergy labels were found to be consistent with intolerance. The presence of a low-risk cefalexin allergy was associated with an increased likelihood of receiving non-penicillin antibiotics including clindamycin and ciprofloxacin.

Conclusion
Cefalexin AR are common, and frequently incorrectly classified in the electronic medical record with consequences for in-hospital antibiotic prescribing and antimicrobial stewardship.
Ko te mana o te tamaiti te aro o tātou mahi: Listening to voices from Tai Tokerau to re-frame literacies
Authors: Hetaraka Maia , Meiklejohn-Whiu Selena , Webber Melinda , Jesson Rebecca 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWestern literacy theories and models often reflect Eurocentric notions of literacy and literacy practices. In Aotearoa New Zealand, the prevalence of these conceptualisations is linked to issues of power and result in a narrow and inaccurate framing of Māori tamariki (children). In this article Tiritiria, a Māori philosophical view of knowledge, knowledge generation and knowledge exchange is used alongside Webber and Macfarlane’s (2020) Mana Model to challenge this dominant framing of literacy. Using the whakataukī ‘Ko te mana o te tamaiti te aro o tātou mahi', translated literally as ‘Let the mana of the child guide our work’, tamariki Māori are (re)positioned as maurea (treasures) to further support the (re)framing of literacies. In this study we focus on listening to the voices of whānau Māori from Te Tai Tokerau (Northland, New Zealand), including the voices of tūpuna (ancestors). Through a developing understanding of tiritiria and an analysis of data sets from Tai Tokerau a nascent definition of literacies, as multitudinous, practical enactments of tirititia, emerged. Findings indicated that Māori literacy practices (both traditional and contemporary) move beyond subject learning, to incorporate multiple interpersonal, cultural, environmental and textual processes of knowledge transfer which affirm the inherent and inherited mana of tamariki.
Population Genetic Analysis of the Wild Hard-shelled Mussel, Mytilus Unguiculatus (Valenciennes 1858) in South Korea Using a Microsatellite Multiplex Assay
Authors: Woo Jiyoung , Heo Jung Soo , Kim Keun-Yong , Kim Keun-Sik , Hwang Hyun-Ju , Yoon Moongeun , An Hyesuck , Kang Kook Hee , Park Jeong Su , Nam Ki-Woong , Koh Insong , Tran Biet Thanh 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Korean or hard-shelled mussel, Mytilus unguiculatus, previously known as Mytilus coruscus, is one of the most economically and ecologically important bivalves in South Korea. However, the population size of this species has drastically reduced owing to overharvesting and habitat shrinkage. Because its genetic information is poorly documented, we contributed, in this study, the genetic diversity and structural analyses of 246 adult samples of M. unguiculatus from seven populations along the coastal areas of the mainland and islands of South Korea using a microsatellite multiplex assay. Genetic diversity analyzed from eleven polymorphic microsatellite loci was consistently moderate (0.50–0.57) in all populations. No recent bottleneck was found, indicating that the number of the studied populations did not decrease to an extent that resulted in a reduction of genetic diversity. Additional tests did not reveal any genetic structure across them, possibly resulting from constant gene flow, strong dispersal of planktonic larvae, and genetic admixture between wild populations. These results suggest that M. unguiculatus populations along the coastal areas of South Korea should be managed as a single unit. Our study provides crucial information for future genetic monitoring, conservation management, and population restoration plan in preparation for the rapid decline in bivalve resources.
Training Direct Care Staff to Empower Adults with Intellectual Disabilities and Their Families to Reduce Overmedication
Authors: Deb Shoumitro , Limbu Bharati 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives
People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and autism are subject to restrictive practices like physical restraint and the overuse of psychotropic medications for challenging behavior. People with disabilities and their families are often not involved in shared decision-making for prescription and other care planning, which may violate the UN Human Rights Charter.

Methods
One way of reducing overmedication is by empowering adults with IDD and their family caregivers to collaborate in the decision to use medications. SPECTROM (https://spectrom.wixsite.com/project), a training program for direct care workers, was developed to help reduce the overmedication of these people. This article presents ideas on how SPECTROM resources could empower adults with IDD and their families to influence their care decisions, including psychotropic prescribing.

Results
Information provided in 32 easy-read leaflets in SPECTROM on psychotropic medications can be used to improve shared decision-making involving people with IDD and their families. Similarly, the Yellow Passport, an easy-read health record, could help information sharing among care service providers, thus improving their health care. SPECTROM has one module devoted to effectively engaging with people with IDD to improve their communication and help them with their skills building.

Conclusions
Currently, very limited evidence exists on the effects of SPECTROM to empower individuals with IDD and their families in reducing psychotropic medications for challenging behaviors. In addition to the two pilot studies on SPECTROM from UK and Australia, further research is needed to explore the evidence supporting the above suggestions.
“Crack on”: a qualitative study of care home managers experiences and responses to system-led setbacks during the crisis of the COVID-19 Pandemic in England
Authors: Marshall Fiona , Gordon Adam L. , Gladman John R. F. , Bishop Simon 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To explore care home managers’ experiences of systems working with various organisations, including statutory, third sector and private, during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic from Sept 2020 to April 2021

Design
An exploratory qualitative interview study using a systems theory approach focussing on the intersections of relationship interdependencies with other organisations.

Setting
Conducted remotely with care home managers and key advisors who had worked since the start of the pandemic in/with care homes for older people across the East Midlands, UK.

Participants
8 care home managers and 2 end-of-life advisors who participated during the second wave of the pandemic from Sept 2020. A total of 18 care home managers participated in the wider study from April 2020 to April 2021

Results
Four organisational relationship interdependencies were identified: care practices, resources governance and wise working. Managers identified changes in their care practices as a shift towards the normalisation of care, with an emphasis on navigating pandemic restrictions to fit the context. Resources such as staffing, clinical reviews, pharmaceutical and equipment supplies were challenged, leading to a sense of precarity and tension. National polices and local guidance were fragmented, complex and disconnected from the reality of managing a care home. As a response a highly pragmatic reflexive style of management was identified which encompassed the use of mastery to navigate and in some cases circumvent official systems and mandates. Managers’ experience of persistent and multiple setbacks were viewed as negative and confirmed their views that care homes as a sector ere marginalised by policy makers and statutory bodies.

Conclusions
Interactions with various organisations shaped the ways in which care home managers responded to and sought to maximise residents and staff well-being. Some relationships dissolved over time, such as when local business and schools returned to normal obligations. Other newly formed relationships became more robust including those with other care home managers, families, and hospices. Significantly, most managers viewed their relationship with local authority and national statutory bodies as detrimental to effective working, leading to a sense of increased mistrust and ambiguity. Respect, recognition and meaningful collaboration with the care home sector should underpin any future attempts to introduce practice change in the sector.
Measuring range sizes in a 100-g rodent: mini-GPS are more reliable than transmitters, but the location error reduces reliability
Authors: Makuya Lindelani , Schradin Carsten 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHome ranges of free-living mammals have typically been studied via radio-tracking to understand how individuals use their environment. Recently, GPS collars have become popular in large mammals. However, GPS collars are rarely used in small mammals, as they are too heavy, especially when needing coating to protect against gnawing. Here we test the efficiency of mini-GPS collars to measure range estimates compared to the use of radio-collars in a small rodent of 100 g body mass. We equipped 20 bush Karoo rats with mini-GPS loggers and thereafter with radio-transmitters to determine ranges. We validated the accuracy of the mini-GPS loggers by comparing them with the fixes from a handheld GPS and found both to be similar. We estimated range sizes using both traditional methods of Kernel and minimum convex polygon estimates as well as modern methods from movement ecology taking the location error of the mini-GPS into account. Using modern methods led to smaller range estimates, but results were in so far consistent that daily ranges for bush Karoo rats determined using mini-GPS were much larger than home range estimates from radio tracking. Using radio-tracking enabled us to establish the central shelter, while the mini-GPS revealed areas where rats had been observed foraging. We found a distinct location error and therefore suggest using modern approaches from movement ecology which can take this error into account. In sum, mini-GPS revealed more accurate estimates of the ranges than radio-tracking in a small rodent of 100 g body mass.
Polypharmacology: promises and new drugs in 2022
Authors: Ryszkiewicz Piotr , Malinowska Barbara , Schlicker Eberhard 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPolypharmacology is an emerging strategy of design, synthesis, and clinical implementation of pharmaceutical agents that act on multiple targets simultaneously. It should not be mixed up with polytherapy, which is based on the use of multiple selective drugs and is considered a cornerstone of current clinical practice. However, this ‘classic’ approach, when facing urgent medical challenges, such as multifactorial diseases, increasing resistance to pharmacotherapy, and multimorbidity, seems to be insufficient. The ‘novel’ polypharmacology concept leads to a more predictable pharmacokinetic profile of multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs), giving a chance to avoid drug-drug interactions and improve patient compliance due to the simplification of dosing regimens. Plenty of recently marketed drugs interact with multiple biological targets or disease pathways. Many offer a significant additional benefit compared to the standard treatment regimens. In this paper, we will briefly outline the genesis of polypharmacology and its differences to polytherapy. We will also present leading concepts for obtaining MTDLs. Subsequently, we will describe some successfully marketed drugs, the mechanisms of action of which are based on the interaction with multiple targets. To get an idea, of whether MTDLs are indeed important in contemporary pharmacology, we also carefully analyzed drugs approved in 2022 in Germany: 10 out of them were found multi-targeting, including 7 antitumor agents, 1 antidepressant, 1 hypnotic, and 1 drug indicated for eye disease.
Sorptivity and rapid chloride ion penetration of self-compacting concrete using fly ash and copper slag
Authors: Arunchaitanya Sambangi , Dey Subhashish 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper represents experimental work on the mechanical and durability parameters of self-compacting concrete (SCC) with copper slag (CS) and fly ash (FA). In the first phase of the experiment, certain SCC mixes are prepared with six percentages of FA replacing the cement ranging from 5% to 30%. In the second phase, copper slag replaces fine aggregate at an interval of 20% to 100% by taking the optimum percentage value of FA. The performance of SCC mixes containing FA and copper slag is measured with fresh properties, compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths. SCC durability metrics, such as resistance against chloride and voids in the concrete matrix, is measured with rapid chloride ion penetration test (RCPT) and sorptivity techniques. The microstructure of the SCC is analyzed by using SEM and various phases available in the concrete matrix identified with XRD analysis. It is found that when replacing cement with 20% of FA and replacing fine aggregate with 40% of copper slag in SCC, higher mechanical strengths will be delivered. Resistance of chloride and voids in the concrete matrix reaches the optimum value at 40%; and with the increase of dosage, the quality of SCC will be improved. Therefore, it is recommended that copper slag be used as a sustainable material for replacement of fine aggregate.
A principles-based ethics assurance argument pattern for AI and autonomous systems
Authors: Porter Zoe , Habli Ibrahim , McDermid John , Kaas Marten 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn assurance case is a structured argument, typically produced by safety engineers, to communicate confidence that a critical or complex system, such as an aircraft, will be acceptably safe within its intended context. Assurance cases often inform third party approval of a system. One emerging proposition within the trustworthy AI and autonomous systems (AI/AS) research community is to use assurance cases to instil justified confidence that specific AI/AS will be ethically acceptable when operational in well-defined contexts. This paper substantially develops the proposition and makes it concrete. It brings together the assurance case methodology with a set of ethical principles to structure a principles-based ethics assurance argument pattern. The principles are justice, beneficence, non-maleficence, and respect for human autonomy, with the principle of transparency playing a supporting role. The argument pattern—shortened to the acronym PRAISE—is described. The objective of the proposed PRAISE argument pattern is to provide a reusable template for individual ethics assurance cases, by which engineers, developers, operators, or regulators could justify, communicate, or challenge a claim about the overall ethical acceptability of the use of a specific AI/AS in a given socio-technical context. We apply the pattern to the hypothetical use case of an autonomous ‘robo-taxi’ service in a city centre.
Influence of sugar metabolism on the dialogue between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plants
Authors: Wang Yu-Juan , Wu Qiang-Sheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses in plants are broadly significant because of their capacity to facilitate water and nutrient acquisition and thus, to promote vigorous growth and development among host plants. Many horticultural plants, especially citrus plants, are highly dependent on AM fungi. In return, AM fungi receive sugars and lipids from their host plants. The sugars (mainly sucrose) are transported from the aerial parts of host plants to the roots and thus, form a mycorrhizal carbon pool. In roots, sucrose is converted to hexoses, which are then taken up by AM fungal intraradical hyphae and converted to trehalose and glycogen for growth and storage in extraradical hyphae and potentially participate in the soil carbon cycle through as the glomalin-related soil proteins. Therefore, the root mycorrhizal carbon pool influences the sugar (mainly sucrose) metabolism of plants, providing a guarantee for mycorrhizal plants to maintain better plant growth, stress resistance, fruit quality, lateral root development, and soil carbon sequestration. Thus, sugar metabolism is a player in the dialog between AM fungi and plants. This review briefly summarizes the processes of sucrose synthesis, transport, and metabolism, and highlights the relationship between AM fungi and plant sugars with an emphasis on AM-carbon pools, osmotic adjustment, fruit quality, and sugar-associated gene expression. Future research prospects are discussed.
Public attitudes and preferences for green rooftop technologies in the US: a choice experiment
Authors: Meyer Natalie , Trandafir Simona 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGreen rooftops, also known as vegetated roofs, will play a critical role in enhancing the resilience of urban areas in the face of climate change and other contemporary environmental and social challenges. To ensure the optimal design and implementation of these green technologies, it is vital to understand the public’s preferences, values, and attitudes toward the government support for green rooftops. This study employs contingent valuation methods, specifically utilizing a payment card and a choice experiment, to investigate these topics that have received inadequate exploration within the current body of literature. Our findings indicate that 45% of the public is aware of green rooftops, and the most desired features on an extensive green rooftop, ranked by importance, are: flowers, grass, trees, and walking paths. The majority (79%) of the public supports a federally proposed legislation currently under review (the Public School Green Rooftop Program) and has a mean willingness to pay of approximately $176 per household as a one-time payment. Additionally, the results show that individuals place a higher value on green rooftops that incorporate solar energy technology compared to those without. Furthermore, there is a perceived, loss of value when access to a green rooftop is limited, as opposed to having open access.
ON A BERNSTEIN–SATO POLYNOMIAL OF A MEROMORPHIC FUNCTION
Authors: TAKEUCHI KIYOSHI 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe define Bernstein–Sato polynomials for meromorphic functions and study their basic properties. In particular, we prove a Kashiwara–Malgrange-type theorem on their geometric monodromies, which would also be useful in relation with the monodromy conjecture. A new feature in the meromorphic setting is that we have several b-functions whose roots yield the same set of the eigenvalues of the Milnor monodromies. We also introduce multiplier ideal sheaves for meromorphic functions and show that their jumping numbers are related to our b-functions.
Holding Back the Race Card: Black Candidates, Twitter, and the 2021 Canadian Election
Authors: Wagner Angelia , Bird Karen , Everitt Joanna , Lalancette Mireille 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPoliticians carefully construct a public persona that is authentic to who they are as individuals but also addresses voter expectations. Many Black candidates follow a deracialization strategy in which they downplay their racial identities to seek voter support while some follow a racial distinction strategy in which they highlight their racial identities but situate them within hegemonic national narratives. But questions remain about whether a candidate’s decision to use one strategy over another is shaped by national context, partisanship, political position, and riding competitiveness. This paper thus asks the question: How do Black candidates in Canadian elections deploy race in their campaign communications, and what factors might explain any differences in their strategies? To answer this question, we analyze how Black candidates used Twitter during the 2021 Canadian election. Our analysis reveals that Black candidates generally used a deracialization strategy when communicating on Twitter, opting to celebrate the many cultural groups in their riding rather than casting their appeal only to Black voters. They only highlighted their racial identities or racial issues when world or campaign events gave them the political cover to do so. But the degree to which Black candidates engaged in (de)racialized communications differed by party.