bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causal reasoning with causal graphs in educational technology research
Authors: Weidlich Joshua , Hicks Ben , Drachsler Hendrik 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResearchers tasked with understanding the effects of educational technology innovations face the challenge of providing evidence of causality. Given the complexities of studying learning in authentic contexts interwoven with technological affordances, conducting tightly-controlled randomized experiments is not always feasible nor desirable. Today, a set of tools is available that can help researchers reason about cause-and-effect, irrespective of the particular research design or approach. This theoretical paper introduces such a tool, a simple graphical formalism that can be used to reason about potential sources of bias. We further explain how causal graphs differ from structural equation models and highlight the value of explicit causal inference. The final section shows how causal graphs can be used in several stages of the research process, whether researchers plan to conduct observational or experimental research.
Quaternionic phase and axis/colour retrieval
Authors: Zimmermann Martha L. , Bernstein Swanhild , Heise Bettina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe demonstrate a quaternion-based phase and axis retrieval algorithm and a quaternionic realization of the Gerchberg–Saxton method, particularly suitable for RGB images. The RGB image is represented here as quaternion-valued image in polar form with the components quaternionic magnitude, axis and phase. We discuss their importance and relations in spatial and Fourier domain. We illustrate three versions of retrieval: the quaternionic phase only, the axis only and the joint phase and axis retrieval algorithm derived from the classical Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm. We discuss how the retrieval results are influenced by the choice of the Fourier axis of the quaternionic Fourier transform. Finally, we show that by including more constraints and prior knowledge, respectively, the retrieval can be improved.
Temporary Employment of First-Generation Migrants in the Netherlands
Authors: Boffi Giacomo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Netherlands is the European country that has undergone the highest increase in temporary jobs in the last decade. These occupations are characterized by a low level of job security and, in the case of older workers, may lead to social exclusion and higher welfare dependence. Using the LISS panel data (2008–2019) for the resident population of the Netherlands, this paper establishes an innovative link between migration background and temporary employment. First, it is investigated whether first-generation migrants (western and non-western) are more likely to be temporarily employed than Dutch-born natives. Besides, it is explored whether higher education, language problems, and active social contacts influence this relationship. The findings show that non-western migrants are more likely to be temporarily employed than both western migrants and Dutch-born natives. Language problems are the main moderator increasing migrants’ probability of being temporarily employed, while higher education and active social contacts appear not to be significant.
Inactivation of zearalenone (ZEN) and deoxynivalenol (DON) in complete feed for weaned piglets: Efficacy of ZEN hydrolase ZenA and of sodium metabisulfite (SBS) as feed additives
Authors: Dänicke Sven , Carlson Linn , Heymann Ann-Katrin , Grümpel-Schlüter Angelika , Doupovec Barbara , Schatzmayr Dian , Streit Barbara , Kersten Susanne , Kluess Jeannette 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFemale pigs respond sensitive both to DON and ZEN with anorexia and endocrine disruption, respectively, when critical diet concentrations are exceeded. Therefore, the frequent co-contamination of feed by DON and ZEN requires their parallel inactivation. The additive ZenA hydrolyzes ZEN while SBS inactivates DON through sulfonation. Both supplements were simultaneously added (+, 2.5 g SBS and 100 U ZenA/kg) to a control diet (CON−, 0.04 mg DON and < 0.004 mg ZEN/kg; CON+, 0.03 mg DON and < 0.004 mg ZEN/kg) and a Fusarium toxin contaminated diet (FUS−, 2.57 mg DON and 0.24 mg ZEN/kg; FUS+, 2.04 mg DON and 0.24 mg ZEN/kg). The 4 diets were fed to 20 female weaned piglets each (6 kg initial body weight) for 35 days; the piglets were sacrificed thereafter for collecting samples. Supplements improved performance and modified metabolism and hematology independent of dietary DON contamination. The mechanisms behind these changes could not be clarified and require further consideration. SBS reduced DON concentration in feed by approximately 20% and to the same extent in blood plasma and urine suggesting that no further DON sulfonate formation occurred in the digestive tract before absorbing DON in the upper digestive tract or that additionally formed DON sulfonates escaped absorption. DON sulfonates were detected in feces suggesting that unabsorbed DON sulfonates reached feces and/or that unabsorbed DON was sulfonated in the hindgut. The observed reduction rate of 20% was evaluated to be insufficient for feeding practice. Galenic form of SBS added to dry feed needs to be improved to support the DON sulfonation in the proximal digestive tract.ZenA was active in the digestive tract as demonstrated by the presence of its hydrolyzed none-estrogenic reaction products hydrolyzed ZEN (HZEN) and decarboxylated and hydrolyzed ZEN (DHZEN) both in feces, systemic circulation, and urine of group FUS+ compared to group FUS−. The presence of these hydrolysis products was paralleled by a significant decrease in high-estrogenic ZEN concentrations which, in turn, was related to a decrease in relative weights of uteri and ovaries when compared to group FUS−. Thus, ZenA was proven to be effective; both in terms of biomarkers and biological effects.
Being certain about uncertainties: a robust evaluation method for high-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy treatment plans including the combination of uncertainties
Authors: Kennedy Andrew C. , Douglass Michael J. J. , Santos Alexandre M. C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn high-dose-rate (HDR) prostate brachytherapy the combined effect of uncertainties cause a range of possible dose distributions deviating from the nominal plan, and which are not considered during treatment plan evaluation. This could lead to dosimetric misses for critical structures and overdosing of organs at risk. A robust evaluation method to assess the combination of uncertainties during plan evaluation is presented and demonstrated on one HDR prostate ultrasound treatment plan retrospectively. A range of uncertainty scenarios are simulated by changing six parameters in the nominal plan and calculating the corresponding dose distribution. Two methods are employed to change the parameters, a probabilistic approach using random number sampling to evaluate the likelihood of variation in dose distributions, and a combination of the most extreme possible values to access the worst-case dosimetric outcomes. One thousand probabilistic scenarios were run on the single treatment plan with 43.2% of scenarios passing seven of the eight clinical objectives. The prostate D90 had a standard deviation of 4.4%, with the worst case decreasing the dose by up to 27.2%. The urethra D10 was up to 29.3% higher than planned in the worst case. All DVH metrics in the probabilistic scenarios were found to be within acceptable clinical constraints for the plan under statistical tests for significance. The clinical significance of the results from the robust evaluation method presented on any individual treatment plan needs to be compared in the context of a historical data set that contains patient outcomes with robustness analysis data to ascertain a baseline acceptance.
A Variance Partitioning Multi-level Model for Forest Inventory Data with a Fixed Plot Design
Authors: Marques Isa , Wiemann Paul F. V. , Kneib Thomas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractForest inventories are often carried out with a particular design, consisting of a multi-level structure of observation plots spread over a larger domain and a fixed plot design of exact observation locations within these plots. Consequently, the resulting data are collected intensively within plots of equal size but with much less intensity at larger spatial scales. The resulting data are likely to be spatially correlated both within and between plots, with spatial effects extending over two different areas. However, a Gaussian process model with a standard covariance structure is generally unable to capture dependence at both fine and coarse scales of variation as well as for their interaction. In this paper, we develop a computationally feasible multi-level spatial model that accounts for dependence at multiple scales. We use a data-driven approach to determine the weight of each spatial process in the model to partition the variability of the measurements. We use simulated and German small tree inventory data to evaluate the model’s performance.Supplementary material to this paper is provided online.
Almost-Hermitian random matrices and bandlimited point processes
Authors: Ameur Yacin , Byun Sung-Soo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe study the distribution of eigenvalues of almost-Hermitian random matrices associated with the classical Gaussian and Laguerre unitary ensembles. In the almost-Hermitian setting, which was pioneered by Fyodorov, Khoruzhenko and Sommers in the case of GUE, the eigenvalues are not confined to the real axis, but instead have imaginary parts which vary within a narrow “band” about the real line, of height proportional to $$\tfrac{1}{N}$$

1
N

, where N denotes the size of the matrices. We study vertical cross-sections of the 1-point density as well as microscopic scaling limits, and we compare with other results which have appeared in the literature in recent years. Our approach uses Ward’s equation and a property which we call “cross-section convergence”, which relates the large-N limit of the cross-sections of the density of eigenvalues with the equilibrium density for the corresponding Hermitian ensemble: the semi-circle law for GUE and the Marchenko–Pastur law for LUE. As an application of our approach, we prove the bulk universality of the almost-circular ensembles.
Comparison of Biological Characteristics of Human Umbilical Cord Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Extremely Preterm and Term Infants
Authors: Huang Peng , Qin Xiaofei , Fan Chuiqin , Wang Manna , Chen Fuyi , Liao Maochuan , Zhong Huifeng , Wang Hongwu , Ma Lian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background:
Despite the progress in perinatal-neonatal medicine, complications of extremely preterm infants continue to constitute the major adverse outcomes in neonatal intensive care unit. Human umbilical cord Wharton’s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) may offer new hope for the treatment of intractable neonatal disorders. This study will explore the functional differences of HUMSCs between extremely preterm and term infants.

Methods:
UMSCs from 5 extremely preterm infants(weeks of gestation: 22+5 w,24+4 w,25+3 w,26 w,28 w) and 2 term infants(39 w,39+2 w) were isolated, and mesenchymal markers, pluripotent genes, proliferation rate were analyzed. HUVECs were injured by treated with LPS and repaired by co-cultured with HUMSCs of different gestational ages.

Results:
All HUMSCs showed fibroblast-like adherence to plastic and positively expressed surface marker of CD105,CD73 and CD90, but did not expressed CD45,CD34,CD14,CD79a and HLA-DR; HUMSCs in extremely preterm exhibited significant increase in proliferation as evidenced by CCK8, pluripotency markers OCT-4 tested by RT-PCR also showed increase. Above all, in LPS induced co-cultured inflame systerm, HUMSCs in extremely preterm were more capable to promote wound healing and tube formation in HUVEC cultures, they promoted TGFβ1 expression and inhibited IL6 expression.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that HUMSCs from extremely preterm infants may be more suitable as candidates in cell therapy for the preterm infants.
Detection of bornavirus-reactive antibodies and BoDV-1 RNA only in encephalitis patients from virus endemic areas: a comparative serological and molecular sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and disease duration correlation study
Authors: Allartz Petra , Hotop Sven-Kevin , Muntau Birgit , Schlaphof Alexander , Thomé-Bolduan Corinna , Gabriel Martin , Petersen Nadine , Lintzel Maren , Behrens Christoph , Eggert Petra , Pörtner Kirsten , Steiner Johann , Brönstrup Mark , Tappe Dennis 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Human Borna disease virus (BoDV-1) encephalitis is an emerging disease in Germany. This study investigates the spectrum of human BoDV-1 infection, characterizes anti-BoDV-1-antibodies and kinetics, and compares laboratory test performances.

Methods
Three hundred four encephalitis cases, 308 nation-wide neuropsychiatric conditions, 127 well-defined psychiatric cases from Borna disease-endemic areas, and 20 persons with contact to BoDV-1 encephalitis patients or animals were tested for BoDV-1 infections by serology and PCR.

Results
BoDV-1 infections were only found in encephalitis patients with residence in, or recent travel to, virus-endemic areas. Antibodies were detected as early as 12 days after symptom onset. Serum antibody levels correlated with disease duration. Serology was ordered after 50% of the disease duration had elapsed, reflecting low awareness. BoDV-1-antibodies were of IgG1 subclass, and the epitope on BoDV-1 antigens was determined. Specificity of the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and lineblot (LB) from serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as PCR testing from CSF, was 100%. Sensitivity, depending on first or all samples, reached 75–86% in serum and 92–94% in CSF for the IFAT, and 33–57% in serum and 18–24% in CSF for the LB. Sensitivity for PCR in CSF was 25–67%. Positive predictive values were 100% each, while negative predictive values were 99% (IFAT), 91–97% (LB), and 90% (PCR).

Conclusions
There is no hint that BoDV-1 causes other diseases than encephalitis in humans. Awareness has to be increased in virus-endemic areas. Tests are robust but lack sensitivity. Detection of IgG1 against specific peptides may facilitate diagnosis. Screening of healthy individuals is likely not beneficial.
Well-posedness and decay in a system of hyperbolic and biharmonic-wave equations with variable exponents and weak dampings
Authors: Bouhoufani Oulia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a coupled system of hyperbolic and biharmonic-wave equations with variable exponents in the damping and coupling terms. In each equation, the damping term is modulated by a time-dependent coefficienta(t) (orb(t)). First, we state and prove a well-posedness theorem of global weak solutions, by exploiting Galerkin’s method and some compactness arguments. Then, using the multiplier method, we establish the decay rates of the solution energy, under suitable assumptions on the time-dependent coefficients and the range of the variable exponents. We end our work with some illustrative examples.
Bernstein-Type Operators on the Unit Disk
Authors: Recarte M. J. , Marriaga M. E. , Pérez T. E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe construct and study sequences of linear operators of Bernstein-type acting on bivariate functions defined on the unit disk. To this end, we study Bernstein-type operators under a domain transformation, we analyze the bivariate Bernstein–Stancu operators, and we introduce Bernstein-type operators on disk quadrants by means of continuously differentiable transformations of the function. We state convergence results for continuous functions and we estimate the rate of convergence. Finally some interesting numerical examples are given, comparing approximations using the shifted Bernstein–Stancu and the Bernstein-type operator on disk quadrants.
VOX2BIM+ - A Fast and Robust Approach for Automated Indoor Point Cloud Segmentation and Building Model Generation
Authors: Martens Jan , Blankenbach Jörg 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBuilding Information Modeling (BIM) plays a key role in digital design and construction and promises also great potential for facility management. In practice, however, for existing buildings there are often either no digital models or existing planning data is not up-to-date enough for use as as-is models in operation. While reality-capturing methods like laser scanning have become more affordable and fast in recent years, the digital reconstruction of existing buildings from 3D point cloud data is still characterized by much manual work, thus giving partially or fully automated reconstruction methods a key role. This article presents a combination of methods that subdivide point clouds into separate building storeys and rooms, while additionally generating a BIM representation of the building’s wall geometries for use in CAFM applications. The implemented storeys-wise segmentation relies on planar cuts, with candidate planes estimated from a voxelized point cloud representation before refining them using the underlying point data. Similarly, the presented room segmentation uses morphological operators on the voxelized point cloud to extract room boundaries. Unlike the aforementioned spatial segmentation methods, the presented parametric reconstruction step estimates volumetric walls. Reconstructed objects and spatial relations are modelled BIM-ready as IFC in one final step. The presented methods use voxel grids to provide relatively high speed and refine their results by using the original point cloud data for increased accuracy. Robustness has proven to be rather high, with occlusions, noise and point density variations being well-tolerated, meaning that each method can be applied to data acquired with a variety of capturing methods. All approaches work on unordered point clouds, with no additional data being required. In combination, these methods comprise a complete workflow with each singular component suitable for use in numerous scenarios.
Der Übergang vom Kindergarten in die Grundschule – eine Orientierung zum Stand der empirischen Forschung
Authors: Mays Daniel , Quenzer-Alfred Carolin , Metzner-Guczka Franka , Zielemanns Holger , Tölle Lisa , Soyka Vivien , Krol Leonie , Wichmann Michelle Lok-Yan 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Literaturübersicht hat das Ziel, vorhandene internationale empirische Studien zum Übergang vom Kindergarten in ein staatliches oder privates Schulsystem zusammenzufassen. Um den Forschungsstand zusammenzufassen, wurde sich an den Methoden eines Scoping-Reviews orientiert. Dazu wurden neun wissenschaftliche Datenbanken durchsucht. In einem mehrstufigen Selektionsprozess wurden aus insgesamt k = 6492 Funden über den Abgleich mit sieben a priori festgelegten Einschlusskriterien k = 47 deutsch- und englischsprachige Studien zur deskriptiven Analyse in das Scoping-Review eingeschlossen. Die in den Literaturüberblick eingeschlossenen Studien wurden vorrangig in Deutschland (33 %) und in den USA (29 %) durchgeführt. Sechs wesentliche Forschungsschwerpunkte konnten in den sowohl quantitativen, qualitativen und Mixed-Methods-Forschungsdesigns herausgearbeitet werden. Dabei konzentrieren sich die meisten Studien auf die Entwicklung und explorative Bewertung von Fördermöglichkeiten am Übergang als auch strukturierte Programme, die konzeptionell in Kindergarten und Grundschule verankert wurden. Zwei weitere Schwerpunkte liegen in den eingeschlossenen Studien auf der explorativen Betrachtung der Entwicklung von Leistungen, Kompetenzen und Engagement während des Übergangs, sowie auf Sozial- und Problemverhalten im Übergangsprozess und allgemeinen sozialen Herausforderungen im Zuge der notwendigen Anpassung an das System Grundschule. Darüber hinaus werden Lücken und Nutzen von Übergangspraktiken, Unterschiede zwischen Kindergarten und Grundschule als auch in einigen wenigen Studien das Thema „Inklusion und Übergangsgestaltung“ beleuchtet.
Neem and Castor Oil–Coated Urea Mitigates Salinity Effects in Wheat by Improving Physiological Responses and Plant Homeostasis
Authors: Khan Imran , Ali Sadia Muhammad , Chattha Muhammad Umer , Barbanti Lorenzo , Calone Roberta , Mahmood Athar , Albishi Tasahil S. , Hassan Muhammad Umair , Qari Sameer H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSoil salinity is abiotic stress of growing concern, whose effects can be potentially mitigated by the use of suitable fertilisers. Based on this, an experiment was conducted to determine the role of vegetable oil–coated urea on the performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under salinity. Neem oil–coated urea (NOCU), castor oil–coated urea (COCU), and normal urea (NU) were compared in wheat plants growing in pots at three soil salinity levels (0, 6, and 12 dS m-1). Plant morphology, growth, element contents (Na, Cl, K, and N), and several traits were assessed at the flag leaf stage; biological yield, grain yield, and its components were assessed at maturity. Salinity stunted growth (approximately -50% yield with high salinity vs. control); boosted Na and Cl concentrations while abating K and N concentrations in plant organs; impaired leaf water status; reduced photosynthetic pigments and increased antioxidant activities and osmo-regulating compounds. NOCU and, to a lesser degree, COCU mitigated salinity effects by upgrading antioxidant activities, reducing oxidative stress markers, increasing leaf water status, photosynthetic pigments, and osmo-regulating compounds. However, NOCU under high salinity could only achieve the levels of NU under intermediate salinity. Lastly, NOCU and COCU restricted plant entry of adverse ions (Na and Cl) while increasing K and N accumulation. Vegetable oil–coated urea, namely NOCU, significantly contributed to improving wheat behaviour and final yield under salinity. These outcomes are associated with the two fertilisers’ properties of slow nitrogen release.
Navigating the legal landscape of AI copyright: a comparative analysis of EU, US, and Chinese approaches
Authors: Zhuk Alesia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper compares AI copyright approaches in the EU, US, and China, evaluating their effectiveness and challenges. It examines the recognition of AI-generated works as copyrightable and the exclusive rights of copyright owners to reproduce, distribute, publicly display, and perform such works. Differences in approaches, such as recognizing AI as a sui generis right holder in the EU and the broad fair use doctrine in the US, are highlighted. This paper evaluates strengths and weaknesses of each approach, including enforcement and ownership of copyright in AI-generated works, and clarifies issues related to AI and copyright. While the EU and US have more developed legal frameworks for AI copyright than China, all three approaches face challenges that need addressing. This paper concludes by providing insight into the legal landscape of AI copyright and steps necessary for effective protection and use of AI-generated works.
Data-driven science and machine learning methods in laser–plasma physics
Authors: Döpp Andreas , Eberle Christoph , Howard Sunny , Irshad Faran , Lin Jinpu , Streeter Matthew 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLaser-plasma physics has developed rapidly over the past few decades as lasers have become both more powerful and more widely available. Early experimental and numerical research in this field was dominated by single-shot experiments with limited parameter exploration. However, recent technological improvements make it possible to gather data for hundreds or thousands of different settings in both experiments and simulations. This has sparked interest in using advanced techniques from mathematics, statistics and computer science to deal with, and benefit from, big data. At the same time, sophisticated modeling techniques also provide new ways for researchers to deal effectively with situation where still only sparse data are available. This paper aims to present an overview of relevant machine learning methods with focus on applicability to laser-plasma physics and its important sub-fields of laser-plasma acceleration and inertial confinement fusion.