bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X-ray activity of nearby G-, K-, and M-type stars and implications for planet habitability around M stars
Authors: Zhu E. , Preibisch T. 
Published: January 2025

Context. The intense X-ray and UV emission of some active M stars has raised questions about the habitability of planets around M-type stars.
Aims. We aim to determine the unbiased distribution of X-ray luminosities in complete, volume-limited samples of nearby M dwarfs, and compare them to those of K and G dwarfs.
Methods. We constructed volume-complete samples of 205 M stars with a spectral type ≤ M6 within 10 pc of the Sun, 129 K stars within 16 pc, and 107 G stars within 20 pc. We used X-ray data from Chandra, XMM-Newton, eROSITA, and ROSAT to obtain the X-ray luminosities of the stars.
Results. Our samples reach an X-ray detection completeness of 85%, 86%, and 80% for M, K, and G stars, respectively. The fractional X-ray luminosities relative to the bolometric luminosities, log(LX/Lbol), of the M stars show a bimodal distribution, with one peak at around −5, mostly contributed by early M stars (M0–M4), and another peak around −3.5, contributed mainly by M4–M6 stars. The comparison of the different spectral classes shows that 63% of all M stars in our sample (80% of the M stars with a spectral type < M4) have LX/Lbol values that are within the central 80% quantile of the distribution function for G stars. In addition, 55% of all M stars in our sample (and 72% of the M stars with a spectral type < M4) have LX/Lbol less than 10 times the solar value.
Conclusions. The X-ray activity levels of the majority (≳60%) of nearby M dwarfs no later than M6 are actually not higher than the typical (80% quantile) levels for G-type stars. The X-ray irradiation of habitable-zone planets around these stars should therefore not present a specific problem for their habitability.
The Treatment with ECMO of Persistent Fetal Circulation following Repair of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Debski Robert , McSteen Frank , Belhumeur John , Shaver Michael , Griffith Bartley , Hardesty Robert 
Published: January 2025

Efforts in the animal laboratory over the last four years have been directed toward exploration of the use and improving the techniques of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), anticipating that with greater refinement ECMO might find wider application. As a result of this laboratory experience, the first clinical trials at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh were undertaken.
Four neonates having undergone repair of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia and developing a persistent fetal circulatory pattern have been supported with prolonged (3 to 9 days) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation between December of 1979 and July of 1980, and three have survived. This encouraging experience indicates that the pattern of persistent fetal circulation in the newborn who has undergone repair of a diaphragmatic hernia can be successfully managed with ECMO even when efforts to lower pulmonary hypertension and improve oxygenation with vasodilators (tolazoline, phenothiazine, acetylcholine, prostaglandin E1) have been ineffective. The effectiveness and safety of ECMO is convincing enough to warrant its consideration as therapy for congenital diaphragmatic hernia and persistent fetal circulation prior to the use of vasodilators.
Comparison of Maximum Isometric Strength of the Hip Joint Abductor and Knee Joint Extensor Muscles between Knee Osteoarthritis Patients with and without Self-reported Instability
Authors: Alfuth Martin , Stollenwerk Alexander , Klemp Jonas , Diel Patrick René 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPatients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) often have impaired muscle function of the weight-bearing muscles, particularly in the knee and hip joints. This can lead to a significant loss of strength and power and may play a role in the perceived instability of the knee joint. The purpose of this study was to compare the maximum isometric strength of the hip abductor and knee extensor muscles between patients with KOA with and without perceived instability.Nineteen patients with KOA participated in this cross-sectional study and were divided into two groups. The first group (n = 10; women = 4, men = 6, mean age = 67.4 ± standard deviation [SD] 6.4 years) consisted of patients with self-reported instability in the knee joint, and the second group (n = 9; women = 5, men = 4, mean age = 69.6 ± SD 6.7 years) consisted of patients without self-reported instability. Functional and activity limitations were quantified using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Maximum isometric strength of the hip abductors and knee extensors was measured using a belt-mounted handheld dynamometer and expressed as torque (Newton meters [Nm]) by multiplication with the determined lever arm. Torque was normalized to body weight and height.Patients with instability (median WOMAC score = 68) achieved a significantly lower mean torque in hip abduction than the patients without instability (median WOMAC score = 39) (p = 0.01; Cohen’s d = 1.31). There was no significant difference in knee extension torque between the groups (p = 0.202; Cohen’s d = 0.58).KOA patients with instability were able to develop significantly lower hip abductor strength than those without instability, suggesting that targeted strength training of this muscle group may be important for this group of patients.
Differenzierung von benignen und malignen Halszysten – eine diagnostische Herausforderung
Authors: Sauter Christina , Sand Matthias , Plath Karim , Plath Michaela Maria 
Published: January 2025

ZusammenfassungDie Differenzierung von benignen und malignen Halszysten stellt für den HNO-Arzt eine Herausforderung dar. Die Inzidenz von Karzinomen in initial benigne eingestuften Halszysten liegt bei bis zu 24%. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, über die Malignitätsrate von zystischen zervikalen Läsionen zu berichten und mittels aktueller Leitlinien eine Differenzierung von zervikalen Metastasen im Vergleich zu benignen Halszysten zu erleichtern.Zwischen 2013 und 2023 wurden insgesamt 155 Patienten mit der Verdachtsdiagnose einer lateralen Halszyste in der Abteilung für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde des Universitätsklinikums Heidelberg behandelt. Bei allen Patienten wurde eine Zystenexstirpation mit oder ohne Panendoskopie durchgeführt.Bei 21,9% der Patienten zeigte sich histologisch eine Lymphknotenmetastase ipsilateral zum Primarius. Das Durchschnittsalter dieser Patienten lag statistisch signifikant höher als das der Patienten mit benignen Läsionen (64,0±12,8 versus 41,0±15,8; p<0,001). Während die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Malignität bei Patienten unter 54 Jahren selten war (11%), stieg sie in der Altersgruppe von 60–69 Jahren auf 80% an. Die klinische Sensitivität bei Initialverdacht einer benignen Halszyste lag bei 60,3%, die Spezifität bei 48,7%.Zur frühzeitigen Diagnose und Therapie einer unilateralen Halszyste gehört eine individuelle Vorgehensweise, welche durch multiple Faktoren (Anamnese, klinische Befunde, Bildgebung sowie klinikeigene Kompetenzen) getroffen werden muss. Unabhängig davon empfehlen wir bei Patienten über 40 Jahren ein bildmorphologisches Staging, eine „No-touch“-Panendoskopie und eine histologische Sicherung.
High-Flow Nasal Cannula versus Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Postnatal Growth and Feeding in Preterm Infants: A Secondary Analysis of the NIPPN Study
Authors: Minamitani Yohei , Oka Shuntaro , Miyahara Naoyuki , Haga Mitsuhiro , Uchiyama Atsushi , Wada Masaki , Okazaki Kaoru , Kondo Masatoshi , Nagano Nobuhiko , Kobayashi Akira , Soeno Yoshiki , Maruyama Hidehiko , Ito Yushi , Namba Fumihiko 
Published: January 2025

Objective High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is generally considered to have fewer enteral feeding problems than nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) or nasal intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV). However, the effects of HFNC on the feeding outcomes in preterm infants are still controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of HFNC on postnatal growth and feeding.
Study design We conducted a secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Preterm infants born <34 weeks were randomly assigned to the HFNC or NCPAP/NIPPV groups after initial extubation between 2015 and 2018. Data on postnatal growth and oral feeds were analyzed.
Results Among 338 infants in the intention-to-treat analysis, the weight at 36 weeks in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that in the NCPAP/NIPPV group (1,926 vs. 1,804 g, p = 0.04). In the per-protocol analysis, HFNC showed increased daily weight gain from extubation to discharge after adjusting for confounding factors (24.2 vs. 22.4 g/day, adjusted difference 1.65 g/day, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12–3.18). In the subgroup of infants born at 22 to 27 weeks, the weight at 36 weeks was significantly higher in the HFNC group (1,809 vs. 1,730 g, adjusted difference = 113.4 g, 95% CI: 5.0–221.8). There was no significant difference in time at initial and reached full oral feeding.
Conclusion In preterm infants, especially extremely preterm infants, the use of HFNC may be associated with better weight gain.
Key Points
Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Cascade Asymmetric Allylboration/Oxa-Cyclization of Aldehydes for Access to Multisubstituted Tetrahydrofurans
Authors: Li Zihan , Li Yichao , Yi Ziqi , Huang Yiyong , Zhang Ruihao , Wang Yuhao , Wang Yilong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOptically pure homoallylic alcohols, important synthons for natural products and bioactive compounds, can be assembled by a chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed asymmetric allylboration of aldehydes. Based on this reaction, two unprecedented cascade reactions of functionalized aldehydes (allylation/oxa-Michael or oxa-Pictet–Spengler reactions) for the synthesis of chiral 2,5-disubstituted and 2,2,5-trisubstituted tetrahydrofurans using a single chiral phosphoric acid catalyst have been developed. The reaction mechanism proposed here of the oxa-Pictet–Spengler reaction was investigated through control experiments.
Microwave-Assisted Copper-Catalyzed Electrophilic Amination of Arylboronic Acids: A Rapid Approach to Arylhydrazides
Authors: Desai Bhargav , Bharodiya Akshay , Seshathre Shruti , Patel Raj N. , Dholakiya Bharatkumar , Satani Piyushkumar , Kanchupalli Vinaykumar , Naveen Togati 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe present a copper-catalyzed rapid and efficient method for the electrophilic amination of arylboronic acids with azodicarboxylates under microwave irradiation to synthesize aryl-substituted hydrazines. This transformation encompasses a wide range of substituted boronic acids and azodicarboxylates to provide the corresponding products in good to excellent yields. The key features of this reaction are its broad substrate scope, high functional-group tolerance, good to excellent yields, and short reaction time.
How to Design a Study and Write a Grant in Radiology?
Authors: Gupta Pankaj , Singhal Manphool 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRadiology as a specialty has grown immensely over the last few decades. The advancements in diagnostic radiology are facilitated by state-of-the-art equipment and a revolution in computation. Parallelly, interventional radiology has benefited and interventional radiologists are at the forefront of several therapeutic procedures. One of the key factors in the growth of radiology is high-quality research. Although the formulation of research questions and hypotheses is similar, the research methodology in diagnostic radiology differs from other specialties. High-quality research requires funds. Thus, it is essential for academic radiologists pursuing research in radiology to be able to write successful grants and secure funds. In this review article, we discuss the strategies to design a study and write successful grants.
PFAS Exposure and Male Reproductive Health: Implications for Sperm Epigenetics
Authors: Maxwell DruAnne L. , Petriello Michael C. , Pilsner J. Richard 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent environmental contaminants found in human tissues and persist in the environment, posing significant risks to reproductive health. This review examines the impact of PFAS exposure on male reproductive health, with a focus on sperm epigenetics. PFASs disrupt endocrine function by altering key reproductive hormones and impairing sperm motility, quality, and viability. Epidemiologic and animal studies highlight inconsistent yet concerning associations between PFAS exposure and semen parameters, as well as altered gene expression and DNA methylation patterns. Moreover, PFAS exposure during critical windows of development has been linked to differential impacts on male versus female pubertal development, cognitive outcomes, and reproductive physiology, emphasizing the complexity of PFAS interactions. This comprehensive analysis highlights the need for continued research into the mechanisms by which PFASs influence reproductive health and development with potential implications for sperm epigenetics. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding the epigenetic mechanisms behind these disruptions, particularly DNA methylation and its role in heritable changes. Investigating the epigenetic modifications driven by PFAS exposure is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms by which these chemicals influence reproductive health. Future research should focus on understanding these epigenetic changes in both immediate fertility outcomes and transgenerational health risks.
Leveraging the capabilities of multinational firms to address climate change: a finance perspective
Authors: Allen Franklin , Barbalau Adelina , Chavez Erik , Zeni Federica 
Published: January 2025

AbstractClimate change and the associated issue of curbing carbon emissions have risen on the agenda of policymakers worldwide. However, global coordination on matters such as harmonized regulation has been subject to significant political frictions, and the large intergovernmental transfers needed to finance the transition of developing economies have proven hard to raise. Recently, there have been considerable responses to climate change from the private sector, with stakeholders placing more pressure on firms, and financial markets mobilizing increasingly more capital towards the reduction of negative externalities. We argue that although multinational enterprises (MNEs) have been a major contributor to the problem, they can be an important part of the solution – they have unique features that enable them to play an important role in the fight against climate change. MNEs have extensive and efficient internal markets for governance, financing, and technology, which enable them to circumvent country-specific frictions to climate action such as heterogeneous regulation, corruption, and the lack of technology. We analyze how different public and private incentive mechanisms could be designed to leverage MNEs’ unique features, realign their incentives, and engage their potential to play a role in decarbonizing the economy. Lastly, we discuss challenges, opportunities, and future research.
Temperature-induced flexibility of graphene sheet facilitates RNA duplex unzipping: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Karachevtsev Maksym V. , Karachevtsev Victor A. 
Published: January 2025

Many genetic processes are based on unzipping the DNA/RNA double helix. Therefore, the development of methods for rapid duplex unzipping is highly desirable for biomedical applications. In this work, we propose a novel approach to unzipping a DNA/RNA duplex by exploiting the ability to induce flexibility of a graphene sheet that can facilitate the unzipping of an adsorbed duplex. As an example of tunable and inducible flexibility of a graphene sheet, we used temperature-dependent flexibility of graphene sheet in our simulation. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that duplex (rA)15:(rU)15 adsorbed on the flexible graphene sheet in a water environment unzipped at room temperature much faster than on graphene with fixed carbon atoms. Duplex unzipping begins with the terminated base pairs located in the tail of the duplex adsorbed on graphene. The distance between base pairs, number of H-bonds in the duplex, and interaction energy between (rA)15 and (rU)15 strands was determined when they were arranged on the flexible graphene sheet in an aqueous environment at 273, 303, and 333 K and compared to data obtained from a frozen graphene sheet. Analysis of the duplex structure at different temperatures showed that the flexible surface at room and lower temperatures is very effective in short-duplex unzipping, while at higher temperatures (333 K), this advantage of the flexible graphene sheet is negated.
Anion photoelectron velocity-map imaging using a tunable laser at a 100 kHz repetition rate
Authors: Horio Takuya , Nishizato Tasuku , Suzuki Yuta , Matsumoto Kazuaki , Terasaki Akira 
Published: January 2025

We present velocity-map imaging (VMI) of photoelectrons detached from anions using an optical parametric amplifier operating at a repetition rate as high as 100 kHz. The light source generates femtosecond (fs) laser pulses tunable from near-infrared to ultraviolet (310–2600 nm), which interact synchronously with mass-selected anion bunches. We demonstrate this technique by measuring two-dimensional projections of photoelectrons ejected from silver trimer anions, Ag3−, across a photon energy range from 2.43 to 4.00 eV (509–310 nm), with an average power of 50–300 mW. This high-repetition-rate VMI setup allows rapid data acquisition of photoelectron spectra and laboratory-frame photoelectron angular distributions of anions at various photon energies, facilitating investigation of their electronic and geometric structures. Taking advantage of the fs pulses, this approach will also enable time-resolved photoelectron imaging for tracking electronic and nuclear dynamics of anions with high efficiency.
Supplementing the tropes
Authors: Finlayson Alan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article explores the articulation of poststructuralist Discourse Theory (DT) with Rhetorical Political
Analysis (RPA). Critical of the ways in which Ernesto Laclau’s ‘rhetorical turn’ reduces rhetoric to the tropes, and to
catachresis in particular, I argue that tropes involve more than naming and that they must be understood and
analysed as parts of larger argumentative propositions. Supportive of the general approach of DT I outline two rhetorical
concepts, ‘enthymeme’ and ‘invention’ which can contribute to the critical analysis of the discursive terrain of politics. RPA, I
argue, refocuses our attention on the forms of political agency and action which take place in specific and particular situations,
in ways which are also of value to the formation of political strategies.
Symbols to shapes processing
Authors: Nassereddine Ghadir , Buchanan Lori 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Bouba/Kiki (BK) effect is observed when a linguistic sound is associated with a shape. People usually
associate the nonword bouba with a round shape, and kiki with a sharp shape (Ramachandran & Hubbard, 2001). In 2011, Nielsen and Rendall found that certain
English letters (/k/, /p/, and /t/) and (/b/, /l/, /m/, and /n/) were associated with sharp and round shapes respectively. The BK
effect was investigated in depth for the first time in Arabic in 2022 (Nassereddine) using Arabic Analogs to the English letters.
Arabic participants’ performance was not consistent with previous research (Nielsen & Rendall, 2011). The goal of the present study was to determine
the roundest and sharpest Arabic letters by presenting all letters both visually and auditorily to Arabic speakers and have them say whether
a letter shape or sound best maps on to the standard bouba and kiki shapes. The results revealed
that Arabic does have both round and sharp letters, and that there is a strong influence of phonological features on this BK
effect.
Flash proton radiation therapy via a stochastic three-operator splitting method
Authors: Bian Fengmiao , Liu Jiulong , Zhang Xiaoqun , Gao Hao , Cai Jian-Feng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The inverse radiation therapy planning problem is crucial in achieving tumoricidal doses while minimizing radiation-induced normal-tissue toxicity. Compared to conventional radiation therapy (with conventional dose rates), flash proton radiation therapy (with ultra-high dose rates) can provide additional normal tissue sparing. However, this groundbreaking advancement in radiation oncology introduces a challenging nonconvex and nonsmooth optimization problem. In this paper, we propose a stochastic three-operator splitting (STOS) algorithm to address the flash proton radiation therapy problem. We establish the convergence and convergence rates of the STOS algorithm under the nonconvex framework for both unbiased gradient estimators and variance-reduced gradient estimators. These stochastic gradient estimators include the most popular ones, such as SGD, SAGA, SARAH, and SAG, among others. Experimental results demonstrate that the flash proton radiation therapy plans obtained by the STOS algorithm can effectively kill tumors while better protecting normal tissues.
Periodic gradient duplexcavity meta-lens for wide-band directional acoustic beaming
Authors: Zhang Fuxi , Wu Yun , Hu Qingsong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Selective multi-directional sound projection across a wide-band low mid-frequency range remains a significant challenge in acoustic applications, primarily due to the manipulation of long wavelengths within compact acoustic meta-lens. This study introduces a novel directional acoustic beaming theoretical method, specifically a duplexcavity four-lobe valve-shaped acoustic meta-lens (DFVAM). By manipulating geometric parameters, the DFVAM effectively controls downstream acoustic in a directional sound projection fashion that enhances sound wave propagation across multiple wide frequency bands. Experimental results validate substantial sound focusing at frequencies of 4500–4800 Hz, 7200–7600 Hz, 9700–10 300 Hz, and 11 400–11 600 Hz, achieving sound beam lengths between 12 and 21 λ, cross-sectional areas ranging from 0.7 to 2 λ, and FWHM values of 0.140–0.218 m. This meta-lens offers efficient acoustic modulation and focusing across various frequency ranges, presenting promising applications in acoustic directional transmission, sound energy collecting and acoustic levitation.
The ballistic pendulum experiment reimagined for rotational motion
Authors: Lee Frank X 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ballistic pendulum is a standard lab in introductory physics. It is primarily used to measure the velocity of a projectile by applying the fundamental physics laws of momentum conservation and energy conservation. Here the lab is reimagined as a vehicle to study dynamics of rigid bodies, a topic that is often perceived as complex and difficult by students. Using existing equipment and through a series of guided activities, students get to experiment with a rich set of rotational concepts, such as center of mass, moment of inertia, rotational kinetic energy, torque, physical pendulum, angular momentum and its conservation. It is demonstrated that the widely used linear model is an approximation of the rotational model detailed here. The difference is quantified in terms of velocity determination, energy loss, and forces in the system.
Analysis and applications of a heralded electron source
Authors: Koppell Stewart A , Simonaitis John W , Krielaart Maurice A R , Putnam William P , Berggren Karl K , Keathley Phillip D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We analytically describe the noise properties of a heralded electron source made from a standard electron gun, a weak photonic coupler, a single photon counter, and an electron energy filter. We describe the sub-Poissonian statistics of the source, the engineering requirements for efficient heralding, and several potential applications. We use simple models of electron beam processes to demonstrate advantages which are situational, but potentially significant in electron lithography and scanning electron microscopy.