bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and treatment of anti‐insulin antibody‐mediated labile glycaemia in insulin‐treated diabetes
Authors: Church David S. , Barker Peter , Burling Keith A. , Shinwari Shah K. , Kennedy Carmel , Smith Diarmuid , Macfarlane David P. , Kernohan Andrew , Stears Anna , Karamat Muhammad A. , Whyte Karen , Narendran Parth , Halsall David J. , Semple Robert K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsAnti‐insulin antibodies in insulin‐treated diabetes can derange glycaemia, but are under‐recognised. Detection of significant antibodies is complicated by antigenically distinct insulin analogues. We evaluated a pragmatic biochemical approach to identifying actionable antibodies, and assessed its utility in therapeutic decision making.MethodsForty people with insulin‐treated diabetes and combinations of insulin resistance, nocturnal/matutinal hypoglycaemia, and unexplained ketoacidosis were studied using broad‐specificity insulin immunoassays, polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation and gel filtration chromatography (GFC) with or without ex vivo insulin preincubation.ResultsTwenty‐seven people had insulin immunoreactivity (IIR) below 3000 pmol/L that fell less than 50% after PEG precipitation. Insulin binding by antibodies in this group was low and judged insignificant. In 8 people IIR was above 3000 pmol/L and fell by more than 50% after PEG precipitation. GFC demonstrated substantial high molecular weight (HMW) IIR in 7 of these 8. In this group antibodies were judged likely significant. In 2 people immunosuppression was introduced, with a good clinical result in one but only a biochemical response in another. In 6 people adjustment of insulin delivery was subsequently informed by knowledge of underlying antibody. In a final group of 5 participants IIR was below 3000 pmol/L but fell by more than 50% after PEG precipitation. In 4 of these GFC demonstrated low levels of HMW IIR and antibody significance was judged indeterminate.ConclusionsAnti‐insulin antibodies should be considered in insulin‐treated diabetes with unexplained glycaemic lability. Combining immunoassays with PEG precipitation can stratify their significance. Antibody depletion may be beneficial, but conservative measures often suffice.
Fluctuations in alpha and beta power provide neural states favourable for contextually relevant anticipatory processes
Authors: Roehe Marlen A. , Kluger Daniel S. , Schubotz Ricarda I. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCued sensory input occasionally fails to immediately ensue its respective trigger. Given that our environments are rich in sensory cues, we often end up processing other contextually relevant information in the meantime. The experimental design of the present study allowed us to investigate how such temporal delays and visual interferences may impact anticipatory processes. Thirty‐four participants were trained to remember an individualised set of eight paired‐up faces. These paired‐up faces were presented pseudorandomly in sequences of unpaired face images. To keep participants engaged throughout the electroencephalography study, they were instructed to classify each face image, according to its sex, as fast as possible without compromising accuracy. We observed dissimilar modulations in alpha and beta power between the 6‐s timeframe encompassing the onsets of predictive and expected images (temporal delay block) and the 6‐s timeframe encompassing the predictive, interference and expected images (visual interference block). Furthermore, an expectation‐facilitated reduction of the face‐sensitive N170 component was only observed if an anticipated face image directly followed its corresponding predictive counterpart. This effect was no longer evident when the expected face was preceded by a distracting face image. Regardless of the block type, behavioural measures confirmed that anticipated faces were classified significantly faster and with fewer erroneous responses than faces not foretold by a predictive face. Collectively, these results demonstrate that whilst the brain continuously adjusts internal hierarchical generative models to account for temporal delays in stimulus onset and visual interferences, the higher levels, and subsequent predictions, fundamental for expectation‐facilitated behaviours remain intact.
Advancements in business processes to improve business marketing processes through advanced signal processing
Authors: Mubarakali Azath , Shobanadevi A. , Mohammed Hazhar Omer , Pradhan Rahul , Lakshma Reddy Vuyyuru , Bizu B. , Praveena V. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe current research shows tremendous improvements in the business marketing processes because some problems are long‐term bond yields and macroeconomic data handling at a minimum level. Any industry can revolutionize business marketing processes if it takes a specific business marketing model to eliminate such deficiencies, examines the various elements that occur in them, and finds out how to fix them. As a result, some factors have to be controlled for in this research. Innovations and advancements in signal processing techniques on business processes occur spontaneously in business processes that are managed like this. In the below‐mentioned business improvement success factors, score, learning best, future creation, people involvement, goals setting, plan and develop is the most essential factor. The elimination of these factors causes some disruption in business marketing processes. These gaps cause problems in the field of science and technology‐based business marketing. The problem caused by these factors is the excess usage of two‐wheeler, which generates more vehicular crises. The smart helmet business is the only solution to this automotive crisis. But because some of the above problems occur to this business process marketing. Considering that some sensors to make smart helmets will develop the business in the name of this imperative, considering the factors of production are land, labour, capital, and entrepreneurship as the centre, this research introduces signal processing technology to make a helmet. The signal processing‐based helmet proposed here is constructive for business. This research suggests a smart helmet business with signal‐processing technology. This study highlights how adopting the smart helmet product might improve corporate marketing procedures. According to the results of our research, when people use this smart helmet product, depending on how well they can use it, that specific business rises to the top and falls to the bottom. These business marketing methods operate at a greater level and are profitable whenever their capacity rises. The effectiveness of this smart helmet declines as accidents increase and corporate marketing procedures degrade. Since our production now depends on whether the intelligent helmets are beneficial or harmful and destructive. The analytical technique described below can be used to find them.
Exposure to ultraviolet‐B radiation increases the susceptibility of mosquitoes to infection with dengue virus
Authors: Alton Lesley A. , Novelo Mario , Beaman Julian E. , Arnold Pieter A. , Bywater Candice L. , Kerton Emily J. , Lombardi Emily J. , Koh Cassandra , McGraw Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBy 2100, greenhouse gases are predicted to reduce ozone and cloud cover over the tropics causing increased exposure of organisms to harmful ultraviolet‐B radiation (UVBR). UVBR damages DNA and is an important modulator of immune function and disease susceptibility in humans and other vertebrates. The effect of UVBR on invertebrate immune function is largely unknown, but UVBR together with ultraviolet‐A radiation impairs an insect immune response that utilizes melanin, a pigment that also protects against UVBR‐induced DNA damage. If UVBR weakens insect immunity, then it may make insect disease vectors more susceptible to infection with pathogens of socioeconomic and public health importance. In the tropics, where UVBR is predicted to increase, the mosquito‐borne dengue virus (DENV), is prevalent and a growing threat to humans. We therefore examined the effect of UVBR on the mosquito Aedes aegypti, the primary vector for DENV, to better understand the potential implications of increased tropical UVBR for mosquito‐borne disease risk. We found that exposure to a UVBR dose that caused significant larval mortality approximately doubled the probability that surviving females would become infected with DENV, despite this UVBR dose having no effect on the expression of an effector gene involved in antiviral immunity. We also found that females exposed to a lower UVBR dose were more likely to have low fecundity even though this UVBR dose had no effect on larval size or activity, pupal cuticular melanin content, or adult mass, metabolic rate, or flight capacity. We conclude that future increases in tropical UVBR associated with anthropogenic global change may have the benefit of reducing mosquito‐borne disease risk for humans by reducing mosquito fitness, but this benefit may be eroded if it also makes mosquitoes more likely to be infected with deadly pathogens.
Sex‐differences in the association of interleukin‐10 and interleukin‐12 variants with the progression of hepatitis B virus infection in Caucasians
Authors: Fischer Janett , Koukoulioti Eleni , Müller Tobias , Heyne Renate , Eslam Mohammed , George Jacob , Finkelmeier Fabian , Waidmann Oliver , Berg Thomas , van Bömmel Florian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimInterleukin (IL)‐10 and IL‐12 contribute to immune responses against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Polymorphisms in the IL‐10 and IL‐12A genes might affect the clinical outcome of HBV infection. We evaluated the association of IL‐10 rs1800896 and rs3024490, and IL‐12A rs568408 and rs2243115 with the progression of HBV infection and development of severe liver disease stages in a white European population.MethodA total of 636 white European patients with chronic HBV infection, 239 individuals with spontaneous HBV surface antigen seroclearance, and 254 healthy controls were enrolled. The chronic HBV infection group included patients with hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) negative chronic hepatitis B (n = 255), with HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B (n = 99) and with HBeAg negative HBV infection (n = 228). A total of 104 chronically infected patients were diagnosed with liver cirrhosis. Serum levels of cytokines were measured in patients with HBV infection (n = 195) and in healthy controls (n = 160).ResultsIn adjusted multivariate analysis, the IL‐10 rs1800896 AG/GG genotypes were significantly associated with an increased probability of HBV surface antigen seroclearance (OR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.04–2.94, p = 0.034), with an increased likelihood of HBeAg negative chronic infection (OR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.05–3.54, p = 0.034) and with increased serum cytokines levels in female patients. In contrast, the IL‐12A rs568408 AG/AA genotypes were independently associated with an increased risk to develop liver cirrhosis, with an OR of 1.90 (95% CI 1.07–3.39, p = 0.029) in male patients.ConclusionThe current study shows a sex‐related association of the IL‐10 single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs1800896 and IL‐12A single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs568408 with different stages of HBV infection and with HBV‐related liver cirrhosis in white European patients.
Teaching women's work and thought in undergraduate history of science courses
Authors: Yale Elizabeth 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs a rich field of scholarship now demonstrates, from at least the early modern period, women have consistently contributed to natural philosophy, science, and medicine in Europe and the Anglo‐American world. Their participation in these fields, like men's, has been shaped by gendered social and cultural expectations. It has risen and fallen on cyclical waves of effort to exclude them or minimize their contributions. In historical accounts, until recently, women's roles have been neglected or forgotten. Even today, in both scholarly and popular histories, women in science are often presented as surprising rediscoveries. Women are persistently perceived as newcomers in the sciences. Unless women's contributions are consistently integrated into mainstream narratives in the history of science, women could easily become invisible again. To counter this possibility, I first examine the structural factors shaping women's participation in the sciences and their historical visibility from the early modern period through the 19th century. I then suggest ways to include women in undergraduate surveys in the history of European and Anglo‐American science that encourage students to engage with women's ideas and with women as complex, multi‐valent historical actors. I show how we can situate women's contributions in a narrative that invites students to examine the history of science as a history of ideas, people, and practices and to explore history as a resource for understanding the role of scientific knowledge and authority in the present. Though my own examples are limited to the history of science in Europe and the Anglo‐American world from the early modern period, I argue that a similar thematic approach could be explored and implemented in other historical contexts, given appropriate secondary and primary sources.
L‐4‐thiazolylalanine (Protinol), a novel non‐proteinogenic amino acid, demonstrates epidermal and dermal efficacy with clinically observable benefits
Authors: Portocarrero Huang Gloria , Idkowiak‐Baldys Jolanta , Liebel Frank , Jones Constantina , Haxaire Coline , DiNatale Lisa , Bayat Ardeshir , Glynn John R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveFacial skin undergoes major structural and functional changes as a result of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The goal of the current work is to demonstrate L‐4‐thiazolylalaine (L4, Protinol), a non‐proteinogenic amino acid shown to stimulate the production of dermal proteins by fibroblasts, is an alternative efficacious topical ingredient for visible signs of ageing.MethodsIn vitro studies using 3D human skin tissue models were performed to show changes in protein and gene expression of key dermal markers in samples treated with 0.3% L4 compared to vehicle control. In vivo evaluation of skin turnover was measured in volunteers after treatment with L4 compared to retinol. Skin biopsies (n = 30) were taken to investigate epidermal and dermal changes in cases treated with L4 and compared to retinol. Finally, a clinical evaluation (n = 28) was conducted to assess the efficacy of L4 over a base formulation using various ageing parameters within a population of women 46–66 years old with mild‐to‐moderate wrinkles.ResultsIn vitro studies on 3D tissues displayed significant changes in the dermal matrix via an increase in HA and pro‐collagen I production and a decrease in the expression of inflammatory genes. In vivo biopsy studies demonstrated that L4 and retinol independently increased epidermal thickness and collagen remodelling significantly more compared with the base formula. Clinical evaluation showed firmer and smoother skin at day 28 post‐treatment with L4 over the vehicle control without causing side effects such as redness or irritation.ConclusionL4 is a novel, multi‐functional ingredient which offers a superior alternative to currently available technologies for improving epidermal and dermal parameters that change during ageing and photodamage.
Digital consumer engagement in a social network: A literature review applying TCCM framework
Authors: Saikia Winee , Bhattacharjee Abhigyan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNowadays, digital consumer engagement has proliferated like never before. Consumers can now interact with a business, company, or brand through technology, making it easier for them to communicate and create a relationship with the brand. Drawing on the Theory‐Context‐Characteristics‐Methods (TCCM) framework, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the dominant theories, contexts (i.e., industries and countries), characteristics (i.e., key variables and their relationships), and methods (i.e., research approaches and analysis techniques) covered by previous studies concerning Digital Consumer Engagement in the social network domain. In all, 221 articles were considered for the systematic review using the Scientific Procedures and Rationales for Systematic Literature Reviews (SPAR‐4‐SLR) approach. The present study found that the User and Gratification Theory has been prominently referenced in the relevant literature that was reviewed. The study concludes, among other things, that further research is needed in the context of social media platforms such as Weibo, LinkedIn, and others. Though the literature covers a variety of countries, with Asian countries making the greatest contribution, there is still a need for future studies to include the context of Africa and Australia. Further, future research must focus on industries such as automotive, telecommunications, and retail, as well as B2B and B2C contexts, all of which have received less attention from researchers so far. Finally, we used the TCCM framework to identify certain promising areas that future research can explore.
A green metrics approach toward antibacterial chitosan/starch‐based films reinforced with garlic oil for extending the shelf‐life of Capsicum annum
Authors: Kusumaningsih Triana , Istiqomah Annisa , Firdaus Maulidan , Suryanti Venty 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThe study aimed to develop chitosan (Ch)/starch‐based films for the preservation process of Capsicum annum, and further consider the green metrics approach for sustainability. Three types of starches derived from Dioscorea sp. were used: Dioscorea alata (Da), Dioscorea esculenta (De) and Dioscorea hispida (Dh). To further enhance the coating performance, garlic oil (GO) was incorporated, resulting in improvements in physical and mechanical properties, antioxidant and antibacterial activity. A comprehensive characterisation was conducted to assess the impact of GO on the Ch/starch environment. The presence of GO increased hydrophobicity, improved mechanical properties and thermal stability. Moreover, Ch/starch/GO films exhibited antioxidant and antibacterial activity compared to Ch/starch films. Finally, the application of the Ch/starch/GO on C. annum demonstrated an improvement in visual appearance, bacterial growth and extended its shelf life during storage. These findings highlight the potential of Ch/starch/GO as an effective approach for enhancing the properties and preservation of agricultural products.
Genotypic stability in root system architecture and aboveground biomass revealed diverse adaptability of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to moderate water deficit
Authors: Song Yangyang , Zurweller Brendan A. , Goyzueta Altamirano Marco D. , Tillman Barry L. , Rowland Diane L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMany crop species, including cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), modify their above‐ and below‐ground growth to cope with water deficit stress. This acclimation to water deficit often triggers a biomass partitioning shift—allocating more biomass to the roots, to increase the accessibility of roots to water resources. However, additional carbon partitioning to roots may not always translate into increased water use and maintenance of aboveground biomass (ABM) and yield. Therefore, selecting an efficient root system architecture (RSA) should aim to sustain a high ABM production under a water deficit scenario. To better understand the associations of above and belowground biomass partitioning under moderate water deficit, this study evaluated the genotypic stability of 40 peanut genotypes in ABM and RSA in greenhouse experiments and further assessed genotypic differences in 4 site‐year field experiments. Our results suggested that higher ABM‐producing genotypes generally had high plasticity when subjected to water deficit whereas the low ABM‐producing genotypes had relatively high stability. Hierarchical clustering analysis further revealed that genotypes with a high root‐to‐shoot ratio potentially had increased genotypic stability in ABM underwater deficit. Interestingly, genotypes that maintained the highest ABM underwater deficit did not have the highest total root biomass and length. Instead, these genotypes had the highest root length in the top layer of soil (0–0.3 m) and relatively fewer roots in the deeper layer of soil (0.3–1 m). Greenhouse‐screened stable genotypes exhibited minimal yield reduction when subjected to mid‐season water deficit in some of the field validation experiments, but it also happened to some plastic genotypes, indicating that further validation of controlled environment screenings for genotypic water‐deficit tolerance in the field is necessary.
Polarity effects on wake‐up behavior of Al0.94B0.06N ferroelectrics
Authors: Yazawa Keisuke , Drury Daniel , Hayden John , Maria Jon‐Paul , Trolier‐McKinstry Susan , Zakutayev Andriy , Brennecka Geoff L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWurtzite ferroelectric materials are promising candidates for energy‐efficient memory technologies, particularly for applications requiring high operating temperatures. Asymmetric wake‐up behaviors, in which the polarization reversal depends both on polarity and cycle number for the first few dozen cycles, must be better understood for reliable device operation. Here, the detailed analysis of the asymmetric wake‐up behavior of thin film Al0.94B0.06N was performed combining time‐resolved switching measurements with Rayleigh analysis, piezoelectric measurements, and etching experiments of progressively switched samples. The analysis shows that the gradual opening of the polarization hysteresis loops associated with wake‐up is driven by a gradual increase in the domain‐wall density and/or domain‐wall mobility with electric field cycle to the polarity opposite to the growth polarity. The insights of this discovery will help to guide interface and polarity design in the eventual deployment of reliable devices based on these materials.
Structural and electronic properties of Ce‐doped Ti4O7 based on experiments and first‐principles calculations
Authors: Wei WeiRan , Jin Na , Ye Jinwen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA series of Ti4O7 powders with different Ce‐cation doping concentrations were successfully prepared through a new strategy combining the wet chemical method and hydrogen thermal reduction. It is shown that Ce, entering the lattice of Ti4O7 during the reduction process, only occurs in the form of Ce3+, and the solubility of Ce is equal to 8.93 at.%. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity of Ce‐doped Ti4O7 powders was tested for the first time and theoretically explained by the first‐principles calculations. It was revealed that Ce provides a negative effect on the electrical conductivity of Ti4O7 powders, which is due to the decrease in the number of electronic states near the Fermi energy level caused by the introduction of Ce.
Design of photonic crystals for light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Wang Kaili , Dong Xiangyuan , Bu Yanyan , Wang Xiangfu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhotonic crystals (PCs) can greatly enhance the optoelectronic performance of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) due to their distinctive color, photonic band gap, etc. Therefore, many scholars have conducted extensive research based on the high light extraction efficiency, good monochromaticity, and other excellent optoelectronic properties of PC LEDs. This review discusses the main principles of photonic crystals to improve the optoelectronic performance of LEDs and summarizes 12 structural applications of photonic crystal LEDs, such as PC slabs, Bragg grating, backside reflectors, surface PC, embedded PC, dual PC, PC beads, CPC, PC thin films, LIPC, defective PC, and composite architectures with other materials that boost LED optoelectronic qualities. In summary, it is found that photonic crystals can not only greatly improve the light extraction efficiency of LEDs but also improve other optoelectronic properties such as luminescent color and directional radiation angle, and reduce the manufacturing cost of LEDs. Photonic crystal LEDs are expected to be a strong candidate for future lighting technology. Finally, the prospects and challenges of PC LEDs are summarized.