bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining Transoral Nasopharyngeal Brush and Plasma Epstein‐Barr Virus DNA in Detecting Locally Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Lai Ronald , Yeung David Chun Man , Yeung Zenon Wing Chi , Hui Thomas Sin Chun , Lam Wai Kei Jacky , Chan Kwan Chee Allen , Ng Cherrie Wing Kei , To Zion Wing Hei , Cho Ryan Hung Wai , Chan Catherine Po Ling , Lai Calvin Chee Fung , Leung Natalie Moon Wah , Wong Eddy Wai Yeung , Chung Joseph Chun Kit , Tsang Raymond King Yin , Li Kenneth Wing Sum , Chow James Chung Hang , Cheung Ken Ka Man , Chan Jason Y.K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the sensitivities and specificities of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) DNA in the detection of locally recurrent or persistent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) through nasopharyngeal (NP) brush biopsy and plasma, respectively, and whether a combination of both would be superior to the individual tests.Study DesignA case‐control study was conducted from September 2016 to June 2022.SettingA multicentre study at 3 tertiary referral centers in Hong Kong was conducted by the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.MethodsTwenty‐seven patients with biopsy‐confirmed locally recurrent NPC were recruited as study subjects. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to rule out regional recurrence. The control group consisted of 58 patients with a prior history of NPC who were now disease‐free based on endoscopic and imaging findings. Patients underwent both the transoral NP brush (NP Screen®) and blood for plasma Epstein‐Barr DNA levels.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of the combined modalities were 84.62% and 85.19%, respectively. The positive predictive value was 73.33% and the negative predictive value was 92.0%.ConclusionThe combination of NP brush biopsy and plasma EBV DNA is potentially an additional surveillance modality in detecting the local recurrence of NPC. Further study with a larger sample size would be required to validate the cutoff values.
A super‐stretched self‐healing silicone elastomer based on high molecular weight polydimethylsiloxanes through intermolecular quadruple hydrogen bonding
Authors: Lang Yue , Zheng Wei , Wang Wenpin , Li Zhibo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSupramolecular silicone elastomer is a promising material for sustainable development. Here, quadruple hydrogen bonded ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) units were grafted onto high molecular weight polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS), providing a novel supramolecular silicone elastomer. The high molecular weight PDMS precursor was prepared through a cyclic trimeric phosphazene base catalyzed ring‐opening polymerization of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and tetravinyltetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (V4) with a well‐controlled vinyl content. Its side chains were modified by hydroxyl groups via a thiol‐ene reaction. Then UPy units were further grafted on the side chain of high molecular weight PDMS by the isocyanate‐hydroxy reaction. The mechanical and self‐healing properties of the elastomer can be controlled by adjusting the molecular weight of PDMS and the amount of UPy units. The obtained PDMS elastomers displayed excellent stretchability (elongation at break of 1513%), good self‐healing efficiency (76% at 60°C for 2 h), and high resilience (elastic recovery of 93% under 300% strain cyclic stretching).
Multiscale deep learning framework captures systemic immune features in lymph nodes predictive of triple negative breast cancer outcome in large‐scale studies
Authors: Verghese Gregory , Li Mengyuan , Liu Fangfang , Lohan Amit , Kurian Nikhil Cherian , Meena Swati , Gazinska Patrycja , Shah Aekta , Oozeer Aasiyah , Chan Terry , Opdam Mark , Linn Sabine , Gillett Cheryl , Alberts Elena , Hardiman Thomas , Jones Samantha , Thavaraj Selvam , Jones J Louise , Salgado Roberto , Pinder Sarah E , Rane Swapnil , Sethi Amit , Grigoriadis Anita 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe suggestion that the systemic immune response in lymph nodes (LNs) conveys prognostic value for triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients has not previously been investigated in large cohorts. We used a deep learning (DL) framework to quantify morphological features in haematoxylin and eosin‐stained LNs on digitised whole slide images. From 345 breast cancer patients, 5,228 axillary LNs, cancer‐free and involved, were assessed. Generalisable multiscale DL frameworks were developed to capture and quantify germinal centres (GCs) and sinuses. Cox regression proportional hazard models tested the association between smuLymphNet‐captured GC and sinus quantifications and distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS). smuLymphNet achieved a Dice coefficient of 0.86 and 0.74 for capturing GCs and sinuses, respectively, and was comparable to an interpathologist Dice coefficient of 0.66 (GC) and 0.60 (sinus). smuLymphNet‐captured sinuses were increased in LNs harbouring GCs (p < 0.001). smuLymphNet‐captured GCs retained clinical relevance in LN‐positive TNBC patients whose cancer‐free LNs had on average ≥2 GCs, had longer DMFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.28, p = 0.02) and extended GCs' prognostic value to LN‐negative TNBC patients (HR = 0.14, p = 0.002). Enlarged smuLymphNet‐captured sinuses in involved LNs were associated with superior DMFS in LN‐positive TNBC patients in a cohort from Guy's Hospital (multivariate HR = 0.39, p = 0.039) and with distant recurrence‐free survival in 95 LN‐positive TNBC patients of the Dutch‐N4plus trial (HR = 0.44, p = 0.024). Heuristic scoring of subcapsular sinuses in LNs of LN‐positive Tianjin TNBC patients (n = 85) cross‐validated the association of enlarged sinuses with shorter DMFS (involved LNs: HR = 0.33, p = 0.029 and cancer‐free LNs: HR = 0.21 p = 0.01). Morphological LN features reflective of cancer‐associated responses are robustly quantifiable by smuLymphNet. Our findings further strengthen the value of assessment of LN properties beyond the detection of metastatic deposits for prognostication of TNBC patients. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Quality assessment of traditional Chinese medicine using quality biomarkers: Compound DanShen dripping pills as an example
Authors: Shen Qian , Wu Yu , Li Zhen , Wu Xin , Wang Yu , Chen Yuanxing , Zhuang Pengwei , Guo Hong , Zhang Yanjun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe quality control of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the main topics in TCM modernisation research. To date, the overwhelming majority of research has focused on chemical ingredients in the quality control of TCM. However, detecting a single or multiple chemical components cannot fully demonstrate the specificity and correlation between quality and efficacy.PurposeTo solve the problem that the association between quality control and efficacy is lacking.The present study was designed to establish a methodology for quality control based on quality biomarkers (Q‐biomarkers) and the vasodilatation efficacy of compound DanShen dripping pills (CDDP) as a case.MethodsGuided by the basic principles of Q‐biomarkers, the compounds in TCM were determined by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Predicted targets were screened through network pharmacology. The potential Q‐biomarkers were further screened through proteomics and partial least squares regression analysis. The protein–protein interaction network that combines both predicted targets and potential Q‐biomarkers was constructed to screen Q‐biomarkers.ResultsThere were 32 components and 79 predictive targets for CDDP. Proteomic results indicated that the expression of 23 differential proteins changed as pharmacodynamic and componential changes. CPSF6, RILP11, TMEM209, COQ7, VPS18, PPPP1CA, NF2, and ARFRP1 highly correlated with vasodilation. Protein interaction network analysis showed that NF2 and PPPP1CA were closely related to predicted proteins. Thus, NF2 and PPPP1CA could be considered as Q‐biomarkers of CDDP.ConclusionOur preliminary study suggested the feasibility of the Q‐biomarkers theory in the quality of TCM. The concept of Q‐biomarkers provided a powerful method to strengthen the link between clinical efficacy and the quality of TCM. In conclusion, a novel, more scientific, and standard quality control method was established in this study.
Non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in twin pregnancies affected by early single fetal demise: A systematic review of NIPT and vanishing twins
Authors: van Eekhout Jacintha C. A. , Bekker Mireille N. , Bax Caroline J. , Galjaard Robert‐Jan H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe screening performance of non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in vanishing twin (VT) pregnancies is relatively unknown. To close this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic review of the available literature. Studies describing the test performance of NIPT for trisomy 21, 18, 13, sex chromosomes and additional findings in pregnancies with a VT were retrieved from a literature search with a publication date until October 4, 2022. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed with the quality assessment tool for diagnostic accuracy studies‐2 (QUADAS‐2). The screen positive rate of the pooled data and the pooled positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated using a random effects model. Seven studies, with cohort sizes ranging from 5 to 767, were included. The screen positive rate of the pooled data for trisomy 21 was 35/1592 (2.2%), with a PPV of 20% (confirmation in 7/35 cases [95% CI 9.8%–36%]). For trisomy 18, the screen positive rate was 13/1592 (0.91%) and the pooled PPV 25% [95% CI 1.3%–90%]. The screen positive rate for trisomy 13 was 7/1592 (0.44%) and confirmed in 0/7 cases (pooled PPV 0% [95% CI 0%–100%]). The screen positive rate for additional findings was 23/767 (2.9%), of which none could be confirmed. No discordant negative results were reported. There is insufficient data to fully evaluate NIPT performance in pregnancies with a VT. However, existing studies suggest that NIPT can successfully detect common autosomal aneuploidies in pregnancies affected by a VT but with a higher false positive rate. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal timing of NIPT in VT pregnancies.
Proton radiation hardness of GaInAsP alloys for space solar cell applications
Authors: Pellegrino C. , Schön J. , Lang R. , Dimroth F. , Zimmermann C. G. , Lackner D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecent technology development in space mission design has raised a demand for space solar cells with a higher level of radiation tolerance as compared with state‐of‐the‐art, commercially available products. Therefore, new material systems are being investigated. Recently, we highlighted the superior radiation tolerance of GaInAsP solar cells to 1 MeV electron irradiation as compared with standard GaAs solar cells. A high InP fraction within this semiconductor compound was found to foster the regeneration rate of electron‐induced defects when the solar cells were annealed at 60°C under AM0 illumination, which are typical space‐operating conditions. In light of considering this material system in future radiation‐hard designs, the degradation of GaInAsP solar cells subjected to proton irradiation also needs to be investigated. Here, we report on the degradation and regeneration of GaInAsP solar cells lattice‐matched to InP substrates after 1 MeV proton irradiation. A detailed description of the radiation damage is achieved by solar cell numerical modeling combined with deep‐level transient spectroscopy analysis. The irradiation‐induced defects are quantified, and their evolution during annealing is monitored. The results are compared with the degradation data of similar solar cells obtained after 1 MeV electron irradiation. A slower regeneration rate of the proton‐induced defects is found in comparison with the electron‐induced defects. This difference is ultimately attributed to a different topology of the radiation damage caused by proton irradiation.
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α multiple isoforms, their functions, and their interactomes
Authors: Herrera‐Pulido Jehison Alirio , Boisvert Francois‐Michel , Boudreau Francois 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHepatocyte nuclear factor 4‐alpha (HNF4α) is a master regulator gene belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily and is involved in regulating a wide range of critical biological processes in different organs. Structurally, the HNF4A locus is organized into two independent promoters and is subjected to alternative splicing to produce twelve distinct isoforms. However, little is known about the biological impact of each isoform and the mechanisms by which they regulate transcription. Proteomic analyses have led to the identification of proteins that interact with specific HNF4α isoforms. The identification and validation of these interactions and their roles in the co‐regulation of targeted gene expression are essential to better understand the role of this transcription factor in different biological processes and pathologies. This review addresses the discoveries of different HNF4α isoforms and the main functions of the P1 and P2 isoform subgroups. It also provides information on the most recent focus areas in research on the nature and function of proteins associated with each of the isoforms in some biological contexts.
Airway clearance after highly effective CFTR modulators: Normalizing life and reducing treatment burden
Authors: Goetz Danielle M. , Frederick Carla K. , Perez Geovanny , Borowitz Drucy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesAirway clearance therapy (ACT) is an important component of therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF) but is associated with significant treatment burden. Highly effective CFTR modulator therapy (HEMT) has improved pulmonary function for many people with CF (pwCF). We sought to understand changes in attitudes and practices about ACT in the post‐HEMT era.Study DesignSurveys of CF community members and CF care team members.MethodologySeparate surveys were created for the CF community and CF care providers to evaluate attitudes towards ACT and exercise in the post‐HEMT era. We solicited answers from pwCF via the CF Foundation's Community Voice and from CF care providers via CF Foundation listservs. Surveys were available between July 20 and August 3, 2021.ResultsSurveys were completed by 153 community members (parents of children and pwCF) and 192 CF care providers. Belief that exercise can substitute partially for ACT was endorsed similarly by community members (59%) and providers (68%). After starting HEMT, 36% of parents of children and 51% of adults did fewer ACT treatments including 13% who stopped ACT. Adults reported altering their ACT regimen more than parents of children, though the sample size was limited. Half of providers had changed their ACT recommendations for those on HEMT. Fifty‐three percent of respondents had discussed changing ACT with their care team (36% of parents, 58% of pwCF).ConclusionsProviders should be aware that ACT management changes may have been undertaken by pwCF who have pulmonary benefits of HEMT. Treatment burden should be considered in co‐management decisions regarding ACT and exercise.
Space food packaging: A review of its past, present and future materials and technologies
Authors: Evans Robert 
Published: May 2023

Abstract20 July 1969: approximately 240 000 mi away from Earth, two astronauts named Neil Armstrong and Edwin E. Aldrin Jr. landed on the moon. 20 October 2020: approximately 200 million miles away from Earth, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) managed to land a spacecraft on an asteroid named Bennu and collect a sample from its surface. Sometime 2030s: approximately 34 million miles away from Earth, NASA is looking to successfully send humans to Mars. So, why is all this important? The effects of climate change are apparent on Earth today—temperatures around the world higher than normal, a rising sea level, natural disasters increasing in frequency and strength—and these effects continue to become ever more apparent as time goes on; thus, there is a need for solutions, which outer space has become one that is simultaneously grown in seriousness over the years. Colonizing space, traveling to distant planets and inhabiting them, these are definite possibilities for humans, as evidenced above by the remarkable progress NASA has made; however, one of the biggest obstacles NASA is dealing with in bringing those possibilities into fruition is their food system—all the actors and interactions within a food chain, meaning those who grow the food, those who process the food, those who transport the food, those who sell the food and finally, those who consume and dispose of the food. The shelf life of NASA's current food system will not last past 18 months in the unique environment of space, where there are the hazards of galactic cosmic rays, solar radiation and microgravity. Recognizing this—essentially recognizing that achieving such aforementioned feats would require a food system that can last much longer—NASA and others have constantly been researching and experimenting with their food system, ranging from how its food is grown, processed and preserved to the focus of this literature review: how it is packaged. Henceforth, the purpose of this literature review is to chronologically look at and discuss the major materials and technologies used in NASA's space food packaging of the past—the 1960s–1970s—look at and discuss those of the present—the 1980s–2000s—and finally, look ahead and discuss those of the future, entailing materials and technologies currently being worked on or considered for future use in NASA space missions. At that, here's to 60 years of activity in space.
Achieving green environment in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa economies: Do composite risk index, green innovation, and environmental policy stringency matter?
Authors: Udeagha Maxwell Chukwudi , Muchapondwa Edwin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Paris Accord has brought the world's governments together to begin implementing plans for their individual economies to become carbon‐free. The goal of attaining low‐carbon growth is not, however, as simple as it would appear since the world economies, which are dependent on fossil fuels and are fast expanding, are concentrated on accelerating economic expansion at the price of worse environmental effects. In light of this, the study aims to investigate the combined effects of the composite risk index (CRI), green innovation (GINOV), and environmental policy stringency (EPS) on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the context of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) countries while controlling for gross domestic product (GDP) and renewable energy research and development (RERD) over the period from 1960 to 2020. The research addresses the problems of cross‐sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity in the data set used for analysis by using the second‐generation cross‐sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lags framework to evaluate long‐ and short‐run models. The corresponding findings show cointegrating relationships between the research variables. Additionally, the results of the regression demonstrate that EPS, GINOV, and RERD contribute to a long‐term decrease in CO2 emissions. CRI and GDP, however, increase CO2 emissions. It is suggested that environmental policies be tightened, GINOV and RERD expenditures be promoted, political stability and institutional quality be maintained, and clean economic growth strategies be adopted in order to help the BRICS countries reduce sectoral risks, create a sustainable environment, and decarbonize their respective economies.
Review of the Scalable Core–Shell Synthesis Methods: The Improvements of Li‐Ion Battery Electrochemistry and Cycling Stability
Authors: Tubtimkuna Suchakree , Danilov Dmitri L. , Sawangphruk Montree , Notten Peter H. L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe demand for lithium‐ion batteries has significantly increased due to the increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). However, these batteries have a limited lifespan, which needs to be improved for the long‐term use needs of EVs expected to be in service for 20 years or more. In addition, the capacity of lithium‐ion batteries is often insufficient for long‐range travel, posing challenges for EV drivers. One approach that has gained attention is using core–shell structured cathode and anode materials. That approach can provide several benefits, such as extending the battery lifespan and improving capacity performance. This paper reviews various challenges and solutions by the core–shell strategy adopted for both cathodes and anodes. The highlight is scalable synthesis techniques, including solid phase reactions like the mechanofusion process, ball‐milling, and spray‐drying process, which are essential for pilot plant production. Due to continuous operation with a high production rate, compatibility with inexpensive precursors, energy and cost savings, and an environmentally friendly approach that can be carried out at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperatures. Future developments in this field may focus on optimizing core–shell materials and synthesis techniques for improved Li‐ion battery performance and stability.
Characterization of NORM‐type scales from the oil industry through spectrometry techniques and multivariate analysis
Authors: Izidório Ana Carolina A. C. , Santos Ramon S. , Gama Filho Hamilton S. , Anjos Marcelino J. , Leitão Roberta G. , Lopes Ricardo T. , Oliveira Davi F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe oil industries have as main problem in their activities of formation of scales containing material of the naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) type on the internal walls of pipes and in some equipment that make up the process lines plant. This NORM can contribute to the exposure of workers during routine activities, either through external exposure, or internal, through inhalation or ingestion. Considering the concern with occupational exposure, environmental impacts and the plant's production capacity, resulting from the formation of the scales, this work characterized samples of scale by means of techniques of x‐ray fluorescence (XRF), x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and high‐resolution gamma spectrometry. The XRF showed concentrations of P, S, Cl, Ca, Mn, Fe, Sr, and Ba as the main elements of the sample; the XRD showed calcite and barite as predominant composition; in the gamma analysis, the concentrations of the activities varied from 104.6 to 1112.6 Bq kg−1 for 226Ra and from 16.4 to 385.2 Bq kg−1 for 228Ra, within the limits set by the International Atomic Energy Agency. The indices radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate and annual effective dose indices varied from 128.4 to 1665.9 Bq kg1; 58.4 to 748.0 nGy h−1 and 0.072 to 0.918 mSv y−1, respectively. Only the effective dose values ​​were within the limits established by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, reinforcing the need for continuous monitoring on the platforms and the importance of keeping the radiological protection plan up to date, since the mobilization of NORM increases proportionally with the useful life of the production wells, thus increasing exposure indices.