bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent advancements of metalenses for functional imaging
Authors: Jeon Dongmin , Shin Kilsoo , Moon Seong-Won , Rho Junsuk 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMetasurfaces can modulate light with periodically arranged subwavelength scatterers, and they can generate arbitrary wavefronts. Therefore, they can be used to realize various optical components. In particular, metasurfaces can be used to realize lenses, so-called metalenses. In the last decade, metalenses have been actively studied and developed. In this review, we firstly introduce the fundamental principles of metalenses in terms of materials, phase modulation method, and design method. Based on these principles, the functionalities and the applications can consequently be realized. Metalenses have a much larger number of degrees of freedom compared with that of existing refractive or diffractive lenses. Thus, they afford functionalities such as tunability, high numerical aperture, and aberration correction. Metalenses with these functionalities can be applied in various optical systems such as imaging systems and spectrometers. Finally, we discuss the future applications of metalenses.
Graphical Abstract
Total hip arthroplasty in patients with vertebral compression fracture is associated with poor clinical outcomes – retrospective analysis on 453 cases
Authors: Chen Chin‐Hsi , Okuzu Yaichiro , Goto Koji , Kuroda Yutaka , Kawai Toshiyuki , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) is increasingly performed in older adults, and the prevalence of vertebral compression fracture (VCF) increases with age. We aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of THA in patients with VCF.MethodsWe reviewed the records of 453 patients who underwent THA at our institution between 2015 and 2021. We classified patients into those with and without VCF. VCF was identified using preoperative upright whole‐spine radiographs. Spinal parameters, preoperative and 1‐year postoperative clinical outcomes of the Harris hip score (HHS), Oxford hip score (OHS), and visual analog scale (VAS) for low back pain (LBP) were assessed. Furthermore, propensity score‐matched cohorts for age, sex, body mass index, and spinal parameters were created, and the clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups.ResultsAmong the 453 patients, 51 (11.3%) with VCF and 402 without VCF were identified. Before matching, patients with VCF were older (p < 0.01), had sagittal spinal imbalance (p < 0.01), and had worse clinical outcomes pre‐ and postoperatively. After matching 47 patients in both groups, patients with VCF had worse HHS (p < 0.05), especially regarding support and distance walked, and worse VAS scores for LBP (p < 0.05) pre‐ and postoperatively. However, the improvements in scores were not significantly different between the groups.ConclusionsHHS, especially regarding support and distance walked, and VAS scores for LBP were poorer in patients with VCF preoperatively and 1‐year postoperatively. Our findings suggest that hip surgeons should evaluate not only spinal alignment but also the presence of VCF before performing THA.Level of evidenceLevel III, Retrospective cohort study.
(Un)Sustainable transitions towards fast and ultra-fast fashion
Authors: Dzhengiz Tulin , Haukkala Teresa , Sahimaa Olli 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDue to pressing sustainability challenges, the fashion industry is undergoing tremendous change. Surprisingly, even though the unique context of fashion presents an opportunity for scholars to explore the (un)sustainable transitions, this context has yet to receive the attention of transition scholars. Our article explores fashion transitions and develops a conceptual framework demonstrating this transition's multi-level and multi-dimensional interactions. We draw on three literature areas: multi-level perspective (MLP) of sustainable transitions, institutional logics and framing contests. We then introduce a conceptual framework and illustrative examples from the industry and demonstrate the tensions between positive and negative environmental and social
sustainability developments at the niche, regime and landscape levels. We show that while many positive developments can be seen in the regime players through the adoption of corporate sustainability initiatives, new business models and collaborations, more attention should also be given to some adverse developments. Overall, we contribute to the literature by exploring fashion transitions, an under-explored context, and by demonstrating the complexity of interactions due to the diffusion of heterogeneous institutional logics and framing contests between players.
3D bioprinting patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell models of Alzheimer’s disease using a smart bioink
Authors: Benwood Claire , Walters-Shumka Jonathan , Scheck Kali , Willerth Stephanie M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is becoming increasingly prevalent as our population ages. It is characterized by the buildup of amyloid beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles containing hyperphosphorylated-tau. The current treatments for AD do not prevent the long-term progression of the disease and pre-clinical models often do not accurately represent its complexity. Bioprinting combines cells and biomaterials to create 3D structures that replicate the native tissue environment and can be used as a tool in disease modeling or drug screening.

Methods
This work differentiated both healthy and diseased patient–derived human induced pluripotent stems cells (hiPSCs) into neural progenitor cells (NPCs) that were bioprinted using the Aspect RX1 microfluidic printer into dome-shaped constructs. The combination of cells, bioink, and puromorphamine (puro)-releasing microspheres were used to mimic the in vivo environment and direct the differentiation of the NPCs into basal forebrain-resembling cholinergic neurons (BFCN). These tissue models were then characterized for cell viability, immunocytochemistry, and electrophysiology to evaluate their functionality and physiology for use as disease-specific neural models.

Results
Tissue models were successfully bioprinted and the cells were viable for analysis after 30- and 45-day cultures. The neuronal and cholinergic markers β-tubulin III (Tuj1), forkhead box G1 (FOXG1), and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) were identified as well as the AD markers amyloid beta and tau. Further, immature electrical activity was observed when the cells were excited with potassium chloride and acetylcholine.

Conclusions
This work shows the successful development of bioprinted tissue models incorporating patient derived hiPSCs. Such models can potentially be used as a tool to screen promising drug candidates for treating AD. Further, this model could be used to increase the understanding of AD progression. The use of patient derived cells also shows the potential of this model for use in personalized medicine applications.
Synthetic seeds for in vitro preservation of Asparagus officinalis L.
Authors: Sallam Amira Rashid , Hegazi Ghada Abd El-Moneim , Bekheet Shawky Abd El-Hameed 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) is a perennial vegetable of economic importance for its high nutritional and medicinal value. Male plants are more desirable because of their higher spear yield. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the gibberellin inhibitors; paclobutrazol (PBZ) and cycocel (CCC) for in vitro preservation by encapsulation of in vitro-derived shoot tips of the superior germplasm of the first generation of asparagus male hybrid; cultivar Mary Washington 500W.

Methods
An efficient technique for synthetic seeds production was achieved, consisting of 3% (w/v) Na-alginate dissolved in water, Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, MS medium with the growth inhibitors; PBZ and CCC at different concentrations, and 0.1 M calcium chloride (CaCl2.2H2O). Synthetic seeds were stored at 4 ℃ and then cultured after different storage durations (0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks) on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg l−1 kinetin, 0.2 mg l−1 naphthalene acetic acid and 0.5 mg l−1 gibberellic acid for shoot tip multiplication; then, recovered shoots were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 1 mg l−1 indole butyric acid and 0.5 mg l−1 PBZ for rooting.

Results
The beads containing 1 mg l−1 PBZ considered the optimum for producing complete well-developed plantlets of Asparagus officinalis from recovered shoot tips after 24 weeks of storage that successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse.

Conclusions
This protocol is efficient for in vitro preservation by encapsulation of shoot tips and regeneration of Asparagus officinalis F1 male hybrid (Mary Washington 500w), using anti-gibberellin plant growth regulators within the beads to prolong the duration of storage and provide a continuous supply of the plant.
Design, development, and evaluation of docetaxel-loaded niosomes for the treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Gaikwad Dipika S. , Chougale Rutuja D. , Patil Kiran S. , Disouza John I. , Hajare Ashok A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Docetaxel (DTX) has been used to treat numerous types of cancers. Poor solubility, lower bioavailability, and serious side effects limit its use in cancer treatment. The objective of the present research work was to develop DTX-loaded niosomes to overcome these issues and investigate the anticancer effect on breast cancer. Niosomes of DTX were prepared and evaluated to estimate particle size, surface potential, morphology by TEM, %EE, in vitro drug release, %hemolysis, in vitro cytotoxicity, and stability. The cytotoxicity effect of plain DTX and DTX-loaded niosomes was performed on MCF-7 cell lines.

Results
The mean particle size, zeta potential, and %EE of DTX-loaded niosomes were 244.9 nm, − 7.1 mV, and 97.43%, respectively. Besides, combining the DTX with polymers enhanced drug loading capacity. The TEM images confirmed spherical-shaped niosomes. The IR, DSC, and P-XRD studies indicate no chemical interaction between drug and excipients. The developed DTX niosomes showed a sustained release behavior and lower in vitro cytotoxicity when compared to plain DTX.

Conclusion
The current research work demonstrates the suitability of co-loading of DTX in niosomes as a promising approach to enhance the efficiency of DTX.

Graphical Abstract
The ‘lost generation’ in adult psychiatry: psychiatric, neurodevelopmental and sociodemographic characteristics of psychiatric patients with autism unrecognised in childhood
Authors: Nyrenius Johan , Eberhard Jonas , Ghaziuddin Mohammad , Gillberg Christopher , Billstedt Eva 
Published: May 2023

Background
Patients with ‘underlying’ autism spectrum disorder (ASD) constitute a significant minority in adult out-patient psychiatry. Diagnoses of previously unrecognised ASD are increasing in adults. Characteristics of patients with autism within adult out-patient psychiatry have not been sufficiently explored, and there have not been any systematic comparisons of characteristics between patients with and those without autism within adult out-patient psychiatric populations.

Aims
To examine psychiatrically relevant characteristics in autistic adult psychiatric out-patients, and to compare the characteristics with non-autistic adult psychiatric out-patients.

Method
We assessed 90 patients who were referred to a Swedish psychiatric out-patient clinic and screened for ASD during 2019–2020. Sixty-three patients met the DSM-5 criteria for ASD or ‘subthreshold’ ASD. The 27 who did not meet the criteria for ASD were used as a comparison group. Assessments were made with structured and well-validated instruments, including parent ratings of developmental history.

Results
No differences were found between the groups regarding self-reported sociodemographic variables. The ASD group showed a higher number of co-occurring psychiatric disorders than the non-ASD group (t(88) = 5.17, 95% CI 1.29–2.91, d = 1.19). Functional level was lower in the ASD group (t(88) = −2.66, 95% CI −9.46 to −1.27, d = −0.73), and was predicted by the number of co-occurring psychiatric disorders.

Conclusions
The results underscore the need for thorough assessment of psychiatric disorders in autistic patients in adult psychiatric services. ASD should be considered as a possible ‘underlying’ condition in adult psychiatry, and there is no easy way of ruling out ASD in this population.
The impact of strict lockdowns on the mental health and well-being of people living in Australia during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Goh Anita M. Y. , Dang Christa , Wijesuriya Rushani , Lamb Karen E. , Panisset Maya G. , Gartoulla Pragya , Tan Esther , Batchelor Frances , Brijnath Bianca , Dow Briony 
Published: May 2023

Background
There are limited longitudinal studies on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and well-being, including the effects of imposed restrictions and lockdowns.

Aims
This study investigates how living in a pandemic, and related lockdowns and restrictions, affected the mental health of people living in Australia during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method
A total of 875 people living in Australia participated in a longitudinal survey from 27 May to 14 December 2020. This time period includes dates that span pre-, during and post-wave 2 lockdowns in Australia, with strict and sustained public health measures. Linear mixed models were fitted to investigate the effect of lockdown on depression and anxiety symptoms.

Results
Symptoms of depression and anxiety improved over time, during and after lockdowns. More adverse mental health symptoms were observed for people with a history of medical or mental health problems, caring responsibilities, more neurotic personality traits or less conscientiousness, and for people who were younger. People who reported being more conscientious reported better mental health.

Conclusions
Despite notoriously strict lockdowns, participants did not experience a deterioration of mental health over time. Results suggest a lack of significant adverse effects of lockdown restrictions on mental health and well-being. Findings highlight cohorts that could benefit from targeted mental health support and interventions, so that public policy can be better equipped to support them, particularly if future strict public health measures such as lockdowns are being considered or implemented for the COVID-19 pandemic and other disasters.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontitis: Bidirectional Association in Population-based 15-year Retrospective Cohorts
Authors: Chien Wu-Chien , Fu Earl , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Cheng Chia-Mao , Tu Hsiao-Pei , Lee Wei-Cheng , Chen Wei-Liang , Shih Kuang-Chung 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
A two-way relationship between periodontitis and diabetes has been proposed. However, bidirectional epidemiological observation is limited and inconsistent.

Objective
Using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan (covering over 99% of the entire population), we aimed to estimate the development of diabetes in periodontitis patients or that of periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), respectively.

Methods
A total of 11 011 patients with severe periodontitis were recruited from 2000 to 2015. After matching by age, sex, and index date, 11 011 patients with mild periodontitis and 11 011 non-periodontitis controls were registered. Additionally, 157 798 patients with T2DM and 157 798 non-T2DM controls were enrolled, in whom the development of periodontitis was traced. Cox proportional hazards model was performed.

Results
Periodontitis patients tended to have a statistically high risk for T2DM. The adjusted hazard ratio was 1.94 (95% CI, 1.49-2.63, P &lt; .01) and 1.72 (95% CI, 1.24-2.52, P &lt; .01) for severe and mild periodontitis groups, respectively. The patients with severe periodontitis had a higher risk of having T2DM relative to those with mild periodontitis (1.17 [95% CI, 1.04-1.26, P &lt; .001]). Conversely, the risk of periodontitis increased significantly in patients with T2DM (1.99 [95% CI, 1.42-2.48, P &lt; .01]). However, high risk was observed for the outcome of severe periodontitis (2.08 [95% CI, 1.50-2.66, P &lt; .001]), but not for mild periodontitis (0.97 [95% CI, 0.38-1.57, P = .462]).

Conclusion
We suggest that the bidirectional association is between T2DM and severe but not mild periodontitis.
Rorty, Science Studies, and the Politics of Post-Truth
Authors: Voparil Chris 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In a symposium built around a critical reassessment by Nicholas Gaskill of Richard Rorty's pragmatism, this contribution examines the provocative question of whether Rorty's rhetoric hinders Rortian aims. When reconsidering him in company with “the philosophical wing of science studies” (Bruno Latour, Isabelle Stengers, and Donna Haraway), Gaskill finds that Rorty's persistent assumption of nature/culture and word/world dichotomies is politically dangerous and prevents his comprehending both distributed agency and the complexity of human entanglements with the nonhuman. Gaskill's Rorty lacks a sustained and coherent positive project, but a fuller picture, outlined in this article, reveals not only greater alignment of Rorty with science studies and agential realism but also key Rortian contributions to those fields that are particularly of moment in our “post-truth” condition.
Antirepresentationalism Before and After Rorty
Authors: Smith Barbara Herrnstein 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Richard Rorty's rejection of prevailing interior-mirror understandings of the presumed relationship between “minds” and “nature,” along with his promotion of nonrepresentational accounts of knowledge, truth, and science, participates in a rich tradition of jointly pragmatist and constructivist views that spans the twentieth century. This contribution to the symposium “Whatever Happened to Richard Rorty?” considers Rorty's complex and ambivalent relation to that tradition, particularly to the work of his American pragmatist predecessors, William James and John Dewey, and to subsequent pragmatist-constructivist antirepresentationalism in contemporary science and technology studies (STS) and “4E” (embodied, embedded, extended, enactive) cognitive theory. A final section on Nicholas Gaskill's contribution to the symposium questions his sense of Rorty's rhetorical recklessness and suggests that his worries over relativism, in Rorty's texts and more generally, are misplaced.
Youth political participation and digital movement in Indonesia: the case of #ReformasiDikorupsi and #TolakOmnibusLaw
Authors: Wahyuningroem Sri Lestari , Sirait Rheinhard , Uljanatunnisa Uljanatunnisa , Heryadi Dudy 
Published: May 2023

The younger generations have always been at the forefront of and contributed significantly to social movements that are critical of state policies or respond to socio-political situations. This is also what happened in large movements involving young people in Indonesia, conventionally in the form of demonstrations and digital movements. This study seeks to explore the relationship between youth political participation, digital media, and the development of youth political identity by analyzing young people’s engagement in some of the most significant political protests in Indonesia during the mass protests of #ReformasiDikorupsi, a movement opposing the amendments of several important bills, and #TolakOmnibusLaw, a movement opposing the establishment of a new single bill related to labor and investment, between 2019 and 2020. By analyzing quantitative data through data mining from Twitter from October 2019 to November 2020 with the social network analysis method, this study discusses online youth participation in social movements and the way they shape their political identity. Our research found that young people play an active and central role in building online and offline movements. In particular, the online movement contributes to the growth of the offline protest movement, and vice versa, because of concerns about the practice of illiberal democracy.
The impact of right bundle branch block and SIQIII-type patterns in determining risk levels in acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Hassine Majed , Kallala Mohamed Yassine , Jamel Ahmed , Bouanene Ines , Bouchahda Nidhal , Mahjoub Marouen , Memmi Kais , Ben Halima Najeh , Gamra Habib 
Published: May 2023

Background: Electrocardiography (ECG) findings in acute pulmonary embolism (PE) are known to be related to various right ventricular (RV) alterations. These abnormalities are not included in risk stratification algorithms despite emerging evidence of their association with patient outcomes. We aimed to analyze the impact of right bundle branch block (RBBB) and/or SIQIII patterns as indicators for determining the level of risk in patients with PE. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study including all patients with confirmed acute PE hospitalized from January 2008 to December 2019 in two tertiary care cardiology departments. The first ECG taken at admission was selected and the analysis focused on the presence of a complete or an incomplete RBBB and SIQIII-type patterns. Results: A total of 255 patients were divided into two groups: Group I (47.8%, n=122) included patients with PE without RBBB nor SIQIII patterns, and Group II (52.2%, n=133) included patients with RBBB and/or SIQIII patterns. Patients in group II presented significantly more frequently with acute right heart symptoms (45.1% vs. 18%, p<0.001) and cardiogenic shock at admission (31.6 vs. 4.1%, p<0.001). Echocardiographic parameters indicating right heart injury also occurred more significantly in group II patients (p<0.001). By univariate analysis, patients in group II were found to be significantly associated with in-hospital mortality (22.6 vs. 6.1%, p=0.002) and major cardiovascular events (MACEs) during hospitalization (43.3 vs. 13.7%, p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified five independent factors predictive of MACEs: SIQIII and/or RBBB, renal failure, positive troponin levels, RV dysfunction and right heart failure symptoms during initial presentation. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis identified the inclusion in Group II and the presence of SIQIII pattern as predictors of overall mortality (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our study suggests an important and independent prognostic value of RBBB and SIQIII patterns and their usefulness in determining the outcome of PE patients.