bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Priming Fairness and Priming Constitutionality Impact the Effect of Partisan Self-Interest on Citizen Support for Election Reforms
Authors: Biggers Daniel R , Bowler Shaun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Prior research suggests that citizen attitudes toward electoral laws and reforms derive from how individuals weigh two competing considerations: the rule’s procedural fairness and one’s partisan self-interest (or how they perceive the policy affects their party’s electoral prospects). Recent experimental work shows that despite a role for fairness concerns, policy support levels shift (at least to a degree) based on its anticipated impact on who votes. We examine how the presentation of the trade-off between fairness and partisan advantage influences election reform opinions. Using two sets of survey experiments, we find that priming fairness reduces, but does not eliminate, the effect of partisan self-interest in shaping policy evaluations. Priming a reform’s constitutionality so as to provide cover to infringe upon fairness considerations, however, does not exacerbate the impact of partisan self-interest on support for adoption. These results expand our understanding of how citizens weigh different factors when assessing electoral policies.
Twist-2 light-quark distribution functions in a singly heavy baryon in the largeNclimit
Authors: Son Hyeon-Dong , Kim Hyun-Chul 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA singly heavy baryon can be considered as a state consisting of the Nc − 1 light valence quarks that create the pion mean field in the large Nc limit. In the limit of the infinitely heavy quark mass, a heavy quark inside a singly heavy baryon is regarded as a mere static color source. It is required only to make the singly heavy baryon a color singlet. Thus, the Nc − 1 valence quarks govern quark dynamics inside the singly heavy baryon. Within this pion mean field framework, we investigate the twist-2 unpolarized and longitudinally polarized light-quark distribution functions inside charmed and bottom baryons at a low renormalization point. We observe that the light quarks inside a heavy baryon carry less momentum than those inside a nucleon. This feature is more prominent as the heavy quark mass increases. We discuss the baryon sum rule, momentum sum rule, and the Bjorken spin sum rule for singly heavy baryons. We also discuss the inequality conditions for the quark distribution functions. In addition, we present the results for the light-quark quasi-distribution functions.
Psychometric testing of the British English Workplace Activity Limitations Scale in four rheumatic and musculoskeletal conditions
Authors: Hammond Alison , Tennant Alan , Ching Angela , Parker Jennifer , Prior Yeliz , Gignac Monique A M , Verstappen Suzanne M M , O’Brien Rachel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aims were to validate a British English version of the Workplace Activity Limitations Scale (WALS) linguistically, then test this psychometrically in RA, axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), OA and FM.MethodsThe WALS was forward translated, reviewed by an expert panel, and cognitive debriefing interviews were conducted. Participants completed a postal questionnaire booklet. Construct (structural) validity was examined by fit to the Rasch measurement model. Concurrent validity included testing between the WALS and the Work Limitations Questionnaire-25 (WLQ-25). Two weeks later, participants were mailed a second questionnaire booklet for test–retest reliability.ResultsMinor wording changes were made to the WALS, then 831 employed participants completed questionnaires: 267 men and 564 women; 53.5 (s.d. 8.9) years of age; with condition duration 7.7 (s.d. 8.0) years. The WALS satisfied Rasch model requirements, and a WALS Rasch transformation table was created. Concurrent validity was strong with the WLQ-25 (RA rs = 0.78; axSpA rs = 0.83; OA rs = 0.63; FM rs = 0.64). Internal consistency was consistent with group use (α = 0.80–0.87). Test–retest reliability was excellent, with intraclass correlation coefficient (2,1) at ≥0.90.ConclusionA reliable, valid British English version of the WALS is now available for use in the UK.
Adjuvant Human Papillomavirus Vaccination After Excisional Procedure for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Chaiken Sarina R. , Bruegl Amanda S. , Caughey Aaron B. , Emerson Jenna , Munro Elizabeth G. 
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To examine the cost effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination after excisional procedure compared with no vaccination.

METHODS:
We constructed a decision-analytic model (TreeAge Pro 2021) to compare outcomes between patients who underwent an excisional procedure followed by nonavalent HPV vaccination to those who underwent an excisional procedure without vaccination. Our theoretical cohort contained 250,000 patients, the approximate number undergoing excisional procedures annually in the United States. Our outcomes were costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), recurrence events, number of surveillance Pap tests with co-testing, number of colposcopies, and second excisional procedures. Probabilities of recurrence were based on a recently published meta-analysis. All values were derived from the literature, and QALYs were discounted at a rate of 3%. Outcomes were applied for 4 years after the initial excisional procedure. Our cost-effectiveness threshold was $100,000 per QALY. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the model.

RESULTS:
In our theoretical cohort of patients who underwent an excisional procedure, the HPV vaccination strategy was associated with 17,281 fewer recurrences of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) (8,360 fewer cases of CIN 1 and 8,921 fewer cases of CIN 2 or 3), 26,203 fewer Pap tests (1,025,368 vs 1,051,570), 17,281 fewer colposcopies (20,588 vs 37,869), and 8,921 fewer second excisional procedures (4,779 vs 13,701). The vaccination strategy was associated with a higher cost of $135 million. Vaccination was a cost-effective strategy, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $29,181 per QALY, compared with no vaccination. In our sensitivity analyses, the HPV vaccination strategy remained cost effective until the cost of the three-dose HPV vaccine series reached $1,899 or the baseline (nonvaccinated) probability of recurrence was less than 4.8%.

CONCLUSION:
In our model, HPV vaccination for patients with a prior excisional procedure led to improved outcomes and was cost effective. Our study suggests that clinicians should consider offering the three-dose HPV vaccine series to patients who have undergone an excisional procedure to decrease the risk of CIN recurrence and its sequelae.
Association Between Parapapillary Microvasculature Dropout and Central Retinal Vessel Trunk in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Zhang Haowei , Piao Helong , Sung Mi Sun , Park Sang Woo 
Published: March 2023

Précis:
Central retinal vessel trunk displacement is an important factor in the generation and development of deep-layer microvasculature dropout in primary open angle glaucoma.

Purpose:
To investigate the association between the microvasculature dropout and the central retinal vessel trunk in primary open angle glaucoma eyes.

Methods:
In total, 112 eyes from 112 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma were included. Matched 26 no microvasculature dropout eyes and 26 microvasculature dropout eyes, they had similar axial length and global retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Central retinal vessel trunk shift index was calculated as the distance of the central retinal vessel trunk from the Bruch membrane opening center relative to that of the Bruch membrane opening border. The correlation of the presence, extent, and location of microvasculature dropout and the displacement extent and location of the central retina vessel trunk was analyzed.

Results:
The central retinal vessel trunk shift index differed significantly between the 2 matched groups. Multivariate logistic analyses showed that in 112 eyes from 112 patients, eyes with microvasculature dropout was significantly associated with larger shift index than eyes without microvasculature dropout. The angular circumference of microvasculature dropout was significantly associated with adjusted shift index (a linear mixed model was constructed, exclude the influence of axial length and global retinal nerve fiber layer thickness on shift index). The location of the microvasculature dropout and central retinal vessel trunk contralateral were significantly correlated.

Conclusions:
In primary open angle glaucoma eyes, microvasculature dropout and the central retinal vessel trunk were significantly correlated. Because the central retinal vessel trunk represents the structural stability of the lamina cribrosa, microvasculature dropout seems to correlate with lamina cribrosa’s structural stability.
KCNH2 regulates the growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Lei Jinghao , Wang Qiang , Qu Tengfei , Cha Lichao , Zhan Hanxiang , Xu Jianwei , Liu Shanglong , Tian Lantian , Sun Chuandong , Cao Jingyu , Qiu Fabo , Guo Weidong , Zhou Bin 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
Due to the characteristics of insidious onset and early metastasis of pancreatic cancer (PC), patients are often diagnosed at an advanced stage and often delayed in completing surgical resection timely, resulting in poor prognosis. Therefore, this study aims to explore the expression of potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2) in PC and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters and the related mechanisms.

Methods:
GEPIA database and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze the difference in KCNH2 expression between PC and adjacent tissue in RNA and protein levels. Chi-squared test was used to evaluate the relationship between KCNH2 expression and clinicopathological features. The Cox regression model was used for multivariate analysis and univariate analysis. Histological diagnosis was performed according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria to evaluate the relationship between KCNH2 expression and clinicopathological features.

Results:
KCNH2 expression was upregulated in PC compared with normal pancreatic tissue. In addition, the knockdown of KCNH2 inhibits PC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and promotes their apoptosis. In addition, clinical data showed that the abnormal expression of KCNH2 in PC was related to the tumor stage. Patients with high expression of KCNH2 had a poor prognosis.

Conclusions:
KCNH2 is expected to be a novel targeted molecule in treating PC.
Clinical impact of molecular breast imaging as adjunct diagnostic modality in evaluation of indeterminate breast abnormalities and unresolved diagnostic concerns
Authors: van Loevezijn Ariane A. , Corion Christinne L.S. , Zeillemaker Anneke M. , Wijers Lidy M.H. , Smithuis Robin H.M. , Valdés Olmos Renato A. , van der Hage Jos A. , de Geus-Oei Lioe-Fee , Benard Menno , Pereira Arias-Bouda Lenka M. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose
Improvements in molecular breast imaging (MBI) have increased the use of MBI as adjunct diagnostic modality and alternative to MRI. We aimed to assess the value of MBI in patients with equivocal breast lesions on conventional imaging, especially in terms of its ability to rule out malignancy.

Methods
We selected patients who underwent MBI in addition to conventional diagnostics due to equivocal breast lesions between 2012 and 2015. All patients underwent digital mammography, target ultrasound and MBI. MBI was performed using a single-head Dilon 6800 gamma camera after administration of 600 MBq 99mTc-sestamibi. Imaging was reported according to BI-RADS classification and compared with pathology or follow-up of ≥6 months.

Results
Of 226 women included, pathology was obtained in 106 (47%) and (pre)malignant lesions were found in 25 (11%). Median follow-up was 5.4 years (IQR 3.9–7.1). Sensitivity was higher for MBI compared to conventional diagnostics (84% vs. 32%; P = 0.002), identifying malignancy in 21 and 6 patients, respectively, but specificity did not differ (86% vs. 81%; P = 0.161). Positive and negative predictive value were 43% and 98% for MBI and 17% and 91% for conventional diagnostics. MBI was discordant with conventional diagnostics in 68 (30%) patients and correctly changed diagnosis in 46 (20%) patients, identifying 15 malignant lesions. In subgroups with nipple discharge (N = 42) and BI-RADS 3 lesions (N = 113) MBI detected 7 of 8 occult malignancies.

Conclusion
MBI correctly adjusted treatment in 20% of patients with diagnostic concerns after conventional work-up, and could rule out malignancy with a high negative predictive value of 98%.
Measuring residual limb health in persons with upper limb amputation: Modifications of the Prosthetic Evaluation Questionnaire residual limb health scale
Authors: Resnik Linda , Borgia Matthew , Clark Melissa A. , Ni Pengsheng 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Assessing the user perspective on residual limb health problems is particularly important for amputation care, given the relationship between residual limb health and prosthetic satisfaction. Only 1 measure, the Residual Limb Health scale of the Prosthetic Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ) has been validated for use in lower limb amputation, but not examined in persons with upper limb amputation (ULA).

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of a modified PEQ Residual Limb Health scale in a sample of persons with ULA.

Study design:
The study involved a telephone survey of 392 prosthesis users with ULA, with a 40-person retest sample.

Methods:
The PEQ item response scale was modified to a Likert scale. The item set and instructions were refined in cognitive and pilot testing. Descriptive analyses characterized the prevalence of residual limb issues. Factor analyses and Rasch analyses evaluated unidimensionality, monotonicity, item fit, differential item functioning, and reliability. Test–retest reliability was assessed by an intraclass correlation coefficient.

Results:
Sweating and prosthesis odor were prevalent at 90.7% and 72.5%, respectively; blisters/sores (12.1%) and ingrown hairs (7.7%) were the least prevalent problems. Response categories were dichotomized for 3 items and trichotomized for 3 items to improve monotonicity. After adjusting for residual correlations, confirmatory factor analyses showed acceptable fit (comparative fit index = 0.984, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.970, and root mean square error approximation = 0.032). Person reliability was 0.65. No items had moderate-to-severe differential item functioning by age or sex. Intraclass correlation coefficient for test–retest reliability was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.76–0.93).

Conclusions:
The modified scale had excellent structural validity, fair person reliability, very good test–retest reliability, and no floor or ceiling effects. The scale is recommended for use with persons with wrist disarticulation, transradial amputation, elbow disarticulation, and above-elbow amputation.
Experience with Impedance Planimetry for Surgical Foregut Disease in 1097 Cases
Authors: Amundson Julia R , Kuchta Kristine , VanDruff Vanessa N , Wu Hoover , Campbell Michelle , Hedberg H Mason , Ujiki Michael B 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The geometry and compliance of gastrointestinal sphincters may be assessed by impedance planimetry using a functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP). We describe our institutional foregut surgeon experience utilizing FLIP in 1097 cases, highlighting instances where FLIP changed operative decision making.

Study Design:
A retrospective review of an IRB approved prospective quality database was performed. This included operative and endoscopic suite foregut procedures utilizing FLIP between February 2013 and May 2022.

Results:
During the study period, FLIP was utilized a total of 1097 times in 919 unique patients by two foregut surgeons. Intraoperative FLIP was used during 573 anti-reflux procedures and 272 endoscopic myotomies. FLIP was also used during 252 endoscopic suite procedures. For those undergoing preoperative workup of GERD, starting in 2021, esophageal panometry was performed in addition to standard FLIP measurements at the lower esophageal sphincter. In 77 cases, intraoperative FLIP changed operative decision making. During anti-reflux procedures, changes included adding or removing crural sutures, adjusting a fundoplication tightness, choice of full vs. partial wrap, and magnetic sphincter augmentation sizing. For endoscopic procedures, changes included aborting POEM or ZPOEM, performing a myotomy when preoperative diagnosis was unclear, or performing additional myotomy.

Conclusion:
FLIP is a useful tool for assessing the upper esophageal sphincter, lower esophageal sphincter, pylorus, and secondary esophageal peristalsis that can be utilized in a wide variety of clinical situations within a foregut surgeons practice. It can also function as an adjunct in intraoperative decision making.
Glaucoma Detection and Feature Visualization from OCT Images Using Deep Learning
Authors: Akter Nahida , Perry Stuart , Fletcher John , Simunovic Matthew P. , Stapleton Fiona , Roy Maitreyee 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeIn this paper, we aimed to clinically interpret Temporal-Superior-Nasal-Inferior-Temporal (TSNIT) retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) images in a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to differentiate between normal and glaucomatous optic neuropathy.MethodsThree modified pre-trained deep learning (DL) models: SqueezeNet, ResNet18, and VGG16, were fine-tuned for transfer learning to visualize CNN features and detect glaucoma using 780 segmented and 780 raw TSNIT OCT B-scans of 370 glaucomatous and 410 normal images. The performance of the DL models was further investigated with Grad-CAM activation function to visualize which regions of the images are considered for the prediction of the two classes.ResultsFor glaucoma detection, VGG16 performed better than SqueezeNet and ResNet18 models, with the highest AUC (0.988) on validation data and accuracy of 93% for test data. Moreover, identical classification results were obtained from raw and segmented images. For feature localization, three models accurately identify the distinct retinal regions of the TSNIT images for glaucoma and normal eyes.ConclusionThis evidence-based result demonstrates the remarkable effectiveness of using raw TSNIT OCT B-scan for automated glaucoma detection using DL techniques which mitigates the black box problem of artificial intelligence (AI) and increases the transparency and reliability of the DL model for clinical interpretation. Moreover, the results imply that the raw TSNIT OCT scan can be used to detect glaucoma without any prior segmentation or pre-processing, which may be an attractive feature in large-scale screening applications.
Predicting Decision-Making Time for Diagnosis over NGS Cycles: An Interpretable Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Khodabakhsh Athar , Loka Tobias P. , Boutin Sébastien , Nurjadi Dennis , Renard Bernhard Y. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMotivationGenome sequencing processes are commonly followed by computational analysis in medical diagnosis. The analyses are generally performed once the sequencing process has finished. However, in time-critical applications, it is crucial to start diagnosis once sufficient evidence has been accumulated. This research aims to define a proof-of-principle for predicting earlier time for decision-making using a machine learning approach. The method is evaluated on Illumina sequencing cycles for pathogen diagnosis.ResultsWe utilized a Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) approach to make predictions for the early decision-making time in time-critical clinical applications. We modeled the (meta-)information obtained from NGS intermediate cycles to investigate whether there are any changes to expect in the remaining sequencing cycles. We tested our model on different patient datasets, resulting in high accuracy of over 98%, indicating the model is independent of a dataset. Furthermore, we can save several hours of turnaround time by using the early prediction results. We used the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) framework for the interpretation and assessment of the LSTM classifier.AvailabilityThe source code is available athttps://gitlab.com/dacs-hpi/ngs-biclass.ContactBernhard.Renard@hpi.de
Multi-omics of the gut microbial ecosystem in the immunotherapy resistance in microsatellite instability-high gastrointestinal cancer patients
Authors: Cheng Siyuan , Han Zihan , Yin Xiaochen , Dai Die , Li Fang , Zhang Xiaotian , Lu Ming , Lu Zhihao , Wang Xicheng , Zhou Jun , Li Jian , Guo Xiaohuan , Song Panwei , Qiu Chuanzhao , Shen Wei , Zhang Qi , Zhu Ning , Wang Xi , Tan Yan , Shen Lin , Kou Yan , Peng Zhi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite the encouraging efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy in microsatellite instability-high/deficient mismatch repair (MSI-H/dMMR) advanced gastrointestinal cancer, many patients exhibit primary or acquired resistance. Using multi-omics approaches, we interrogated gut microbiome, blood metabolome and cytokines/chemokines of MSI-H/dMMR advanced gastrointestinal cancer patients (N=77) and identified a number of microbes (e.g. Alistipes putredinis) and metabolites (e.g. arginine and SCFA) highly associated with primary resistance. Fecal microbiota transplantation of patients’ stool replicated the clinical responsiveness as well as certain molecular signatures. Based on the clinical microbiome data, we developed a predictive machine learning model for primary resistance and achieved accuracy at 0.83 on an external validation set. Furthermore, several microbes were pinpointed which gradually changed during the process of acquired resistance. In summary, our study demonstrated the essential role of gut microbiome in drug resistance, and this could be utilized as a preventative diagnosis tool as well as therapeutic targets in the future.
Measuring single-cell susceptibility to antibiotics within monoclonal bacterial populations
Authors: Quellec Lena Le , Aristov Andrey , Gutiérrez Ramos Salomé , Amselem Gabriel , Bos Julia , Baharoglu Zeynep , Mazel Didier , Baroud Charles N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGiven the emergence of antimicrobial drug resistance, it is critical to understand the heterogeneity of response to an antibiotic within a population of cells. Since the drug can exert a selection pressure that leads to the emergence of resistant phenotypes. To date, neither bulk nor single-cell methods are able to link the heterogeneity of single-cell susceptibility to the population-scale response to antibiotics. Here we present a platform that measures the ability of individualE. colicells to form small colonies at different ciprofloxacin concentrations, by using anchored microfluidic drops and an image and data analysis pipelines. The microfluidic results are benchmarked against classical microbiology measurements of antibiotic susceptibility, showing an agreement between the pooled microfluidic chip and replated bulk measurements. Further, the experimental likelihood of a single cell to form a colony is used to provide a probabilistic antibiotic susceptibility curve. In addition to the probabilistic viewpoint, the microfluidic format enables the characterization of morphological features over time for a large number of individual cells. This pipeline can be used to compare the response of different bacterial strains to antibiotics with different action mechanisms.