bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the structural performance and failure mechanisms of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber‐based composites
Authors: Komal Ujendra Kumar , Siddiqui Amir Hamza , Tewari Asim 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAdditive manufacturing of continuous fiber‐based polymeric composites has attracted global attention. This contemporary technology enables the flexibility of manufacturing customized, partially and fully functional, and advanced composite components for numerous semi‐structural and structural applications. The current study investigates the structural performance of 3D‐printed carbon fiber‐based composites in the context of tensile, flexural, and high‐cycle fatigue. The crucial S‐N curves for the unidirectional (UD) (0°) and cross‐ply (CP) (0, 90) composites have been plotted. The dominating failure mechanisms responsible for the failure of 3D printed composites under tensile, flexural, and high cycle fatigue loading at the micro‐scale have been thoroughly investigated. The influence of fiber orientation on the failure mechanisms under different structural loading has been rigorously studied. The current findings conclude that cross‐ply (0, 90) composites exhibited superior fatigue performance than the unidirectional composites when investigated at 70% of their ultimate tensile strength. The current investigation reveals that the formation of voids during 3D printing and majorly during loading is one of the leading causes of the failure of additively manufactured composites under mechanical and cyclic loads. The fiber pull‐out, fiber breakage, de‐bonding, and voids are the dominating failure mechanisms observed under tensile loading. In addition to the failure mechanisms listed under tensile loading, matrix fractures have also been observed under flexural loading. The dominating failure mechanisms differed for UD, CP (0, 90), and CP (45, −45) composites.Highlights
Investigated tensile, flexural, and fatigue properties of continuous fiber 3D‐printed composites.
Examined failure mechanisms under tensile, bending, and fatigue loading.
Developed test coupons with built‐in tabs for tensile and fatigue testing.
Cross‐ply composites showed better fatigue performance than unidirectional.
Buckling behaviour for advance cylindrical shells (COPV) subjected to extreme pressure conditions: A comprehensive review
Authors: Khan Samid , Kumar Ajay 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHemispherical end caps cover cylindrical pressure vessels mid‐surfaces for oil and gas, subsea vacuum enclosures, and automobile, and aerospace hydrogen carriers globally. This review discusses the importance of composite overwrapped cylindrical pressure vessel design characteristics like external pressures. The analysis of composite material properties and their resistive behavior on the cylindrical section is used to ensure accurate, safe, and effective pressure vessel operation at high pressures. Composite materials are popular for lightweight and end‐use performance in pressure vessel carriers for diverse applications. Current fibers include carbon, glass, and carbon/glass hybrid composite pressure vessels that employ less heavy material. Composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPV) need accurate lamina sequence, laminate thickness, and fiber winding angles. Mandrel (liner) material, is also examined and suggested for metallic composite high‐pressure vessels (MC‐HPVs) including metal liners or circular rings circumferentially to decrease buckling and reinforce (Type‐III) COPV shells. The focus is on designing cylindrical components to prevent buckling in space rockets and automobiles under high‐pressure conditions, using stiffeners and holes for various stress scenarios. Genetic algorithm (GA) optimizes worst defects in composite cylinder shape on buckling, circular cutting holes on the shell for optimum stacking sequence lamination of fiber over the liner, and snap‐through reactions to support against buckling factors under pressure. The importance of autofrettage pressure and vibration on composite cylinder buckling was also analyzed. Liner‐less (Type‐V) composite pressure vessels represent the future of lightweight high‐performance pressure vessels, yet (Type IV) composite cylinders with plastic liners are light and strong and have numerous uses.Highlights
Buckling of cylindrical shells with mandrel material (liner) transition.
Study of the influence of carbon nanotubes, graphene, and hybrid buckypaper on the mechanical behavior of PAEK/carbon fiber composites
Authors: Feres Gabriel Damasceno , Ribeiro Bruno , Costa Michelle Leali , de Paula Santos Luis Felipe , Botelho Edson Cocchieri 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCarbon fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composites are widely used in the aeronautical industry due to their high mechanical properties and low specific weight. Within the select group of thermoplastic matrices, poly (aryl ether ketone) (PAEK) stands out as a semicrystalline material with high glass transition and melting temperatures. This work aims to evaluate how buckypaper (BP) influences the mechanical properties of the composite PAEK/CF. For this, three types of BPs were made using vacuum filtration. The first one is with carbon nanotubes (CNT), the second is with graphene (GR), and the third is a mix of CNT and GR. The influence of BPs in mechanical behavior was performed by an interlaminar short beam test (ILSS), a compression shear test (CST), and an impulse excitation of vibration. Finally, the presence of BP reduced the mechanical properties of the material due to the low adhesion between matrix and BP. In the ILSS test, it was noted a reduction in interlaminar shear of 16% for CNT BP, 20% for GR BP and 28% for hybrid BP. In the CST, a reduction of 32% for CNT BP, 39% for GR BP and 13% for hybrid BP was observed. On the other hand, the composite with hybrid BP presents a greater increase in Young's Modulus, representing a gain of 13%.Highlights
The vacuum filtration process used to produce BPs was determined.
Morphology evaluation of BPs through scanning electron microscopy.
Influence of BPs on the mechanical properties of composites.
Effect of nanoparticles on the adhesion between matrix and BPs.
Correlating autonomic physiology with symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia after spinal cord injury
Authors: Dens Higano Jennifer , Burns Kathryn , Smith Geoffrey , Solinsky Ryan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) commonly have autonomic dysreflexia (AD) with increased sympathetic activity. After SCI, individuals have decreased baroreflex sensitivity and increased vascular responsiveness.ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between baroreflex and blood vessel sensitivity with AD symptoms.DesignCase control.SettingTertiary academic center.Patients14 individuals with SCI, 17 matched uninjured controls.InterventionsAll participants quantified AD symptoms using the Autonomic Dysfunction Following SCI (ADFSCI)‐AD survey. Participants received three intravenous phenylephrine boluses, reproducibly increasing systolic blood pressure (SBP) 15–40 mmHg. Continuous heart rate (R‐R interval, ECG), beat‐to‐beat blood pressures (Finapres), and popliteal artery flow velocity were recorded. Vascular responsiveness (α1 adrenoreceptor sensitivity) and heart rate responsiveness to increased SBP (baroreflex sensitivity) were calculated.Main Outcome MeasuresBaroreflex sensitivity after increased SBP; Vascular responsiveness through quantified mean arterial pressure (MAP) 2‐minute area under the curve and change in vascular resistance.ResultsSCI and control cohorts were well matched with mean age 31.9 and 29.6 years (p = .41); 21.4% and 17.6% female, respectively. Baseline MAP (p = .83) and R‐R interval (p = .39) were similar. ADFSCI‐AD scores were higher following SCI (27.9 ± 22.9 vs. 4.2 ± 2.9 in controls, p = .002). To quantify SBP response, MAP area under the curve was normalized to dose/body weight. Individuals with SCI had significantly larger responses (0.26 ± 0.19 mmHg*s/kg*μg) than controls (0.06 ± 0.06 mmHg*s/kg*μg, p = .002). Similarly, leg vascular resistance increased after SCI (24% vs. 6% to a normalized dose, p = .007). Baroreflex sensitivity was significantly lower after SCI (15.0 ± 8.3 vs. 23.7 ± 9.3 ms/mmHg, p = .01). ADFSCI‐AD subscore had no meaningful correlation with vascular responsiveness (R2 = 0.008) or baroreflex sensitivity (R2 = 0.092) after SCI.ConclusionsAlthough this confirms smaller previous studies suggesting increased α1 adrenoreceptor sensitivity and lower baroreflex sensitivity in individuals with SCI, contrary to our hypothesis these differences lacked correlation to increased symptoms of AD. Further research into physiologic mechanisms is needed to explain why some individuals with SCI develop symptoms.
Beryllium and Cerium Powders as Potential Activators of Aluminum in TBX Compositions
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Cudziło Stanisław , Trzciński Waldemar A. , Paszula Józef 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe possibility of using beryllium or cerium powders as activators of aluminum in the initial stages of a thermobaric explosion was examined both experimentally and theoretically. The compositions, which were compared, comprised 60% RDX, 20% ammonium perchlorate (AP), and 20% metallic additive. The metallic additive used was either Al powder or its mixtures with Be or Ce in a mass ratio of 4:1. For each explosive composition, calorimetric measurements of the heat of detonation were performed under identical conditions. Pressed charges of these explosives with a mass of 500 g were detonated in a bunker of 40 m3 volume. The detonation velocity was measured, and the overpressure waveforms in these experiments were recorded within 40 ms of detonation. The measured quasi‐static overpressure in the chamber for compositions containing 4% of Be or Ce was approximately 10% higher than that for the reference explosive. The TNT equivalents due to QSP values for these explosives were 1.56 and 1.54, respectively. The TNT equivalents calculated using specific impulses of the blast waves at 2.5 m from the charges with 4% Be or Ce were 1.59 and 1.56, respectively. The values for these charges exceeded the value for charges containing exclusively Al as the metallic fuel by 11%–14%. The significant increases in the values of the parameters mentioned above confirm that beryllium and cerium effectively activate aluminum in the chemical reactions that proceed in both the anaerobic and aerobic stages of the explosion.
The cross‐resistance to etofenprox in Nilaparvata lugens with a high adaptability to resistant rice variety IR56
Authors: Yuan Xiaowei , He Tianshun , Zou Jianzheng , Zhang Huihui , Liu Zewen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe application of resistant rice varieties and insecticides represents two crucial strategies for managing the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Insects often employ similar detoxification mechanisms to metabolize plant secondary metabolites and insecticides, which poses a potential risk that BPH population adapted to resistant rice may also obtain resistance to some insecticides.RESULTSHere in a BPH population (R‐IR56) that has adapted to the resistant rice variety IR56 through continuous selection, the moderate resistance to etofenprox was observed. Insect P450s often contribute to insecticide resistance in insects. Through transcriptome sequencing of R‐IR56 and control populations, it was found that two P450 genes, CYP439A1 and CYP439A2, were over‐expressed in R‐IR56. RNA interference confirmed the importance of two P450s in etofenprox resistance in vivo. The metabolite identification and catalytic activity of recombinant P450 proteins revealed the metabolism of etofenprox by both CYP439A1 and CYP439A2 in vitro, which catalyzed an O‐de‐ethylation on etofenprox. However, the up‐regulation of two P450 genes did not contribute to the adaptation of BPH to IR56 variety.CONCLUSIONThe study reveals that BPH adapted to resistant rice variety IR56 exhibits a moderate level of resistance to etofenprox, but the cross‐resistance to etofenprox in BPH is unidirectional. The findings here provide theoretical guidance for the integrated pest management strategy, especially focusing on the interplay between applications of resistant variety and insecticides. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Target Localization and Pursuit With Networked Robotic Vehicles: Theory, Simulation, and Experiments
Authors: Hung Nguyen , Cunha Eduardo , Branco Francisco , Pascoal Antonio 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the problem of range‐based simultaneous localization and pursuit (SLAP) with networked robotic vehicles from a theoretical and practical standpoint. The work presented builds upon and extends previous theoretical research by Hung, Rego, and Pascoal on the subject of range‐based SLAP using multiple trackers and a cooperative distributed estimation and control (DEC) strategy. The key novel contributions of the paper are twofold:

Event‐triggered communication (ETC) mechanisms for the DEC strategy are proposed, with formal guarantees of stability of the multiple vehicle ensemble. In this approach, each tracking vehicle only communicates with its neighbors—both for target estimation and cooperative control purposes when deemed necessary—thus reducing the cost of communications.
The paper presents experimental results from multiple field trials conducted with three autonomous marine vehicles. These trials assess the effectiveness of the proposed DEC/ETC strategy in a real‐world environment.Simulation results are also included and analyzed. For the sake of completeness, source codes and links to auxiliary materials are provided, enabling the readers to run simulations and even implement the DEC/ETC strategy using both Matlab and ROS/Gazebo platforms.Matlab codes: https://github.com/hungrepo/slap-etc.ROS packages: http://github.com/dsor-isr/slap.Aerial view of field trials: http://youtu.be/4LR4WSJHyz8.
Green Synthesis of MoNi@TiO2 Nanocatalyst for Efficient Methanol Oxidation: Structural, Morphological, and Electrochemical Insights
Authors: Mert Mehmet Erman , Mert Başak Doğru , Elattar Khaled M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study presents a novel, green approach for synthesizing MoNi@TiO2 core‐shell nanocomposites as efficient electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The use of Curcuma longa extract as a bioreduction and stabilizer agent for the synthesis of the nanocatalyst offers an eco‐friendly alternative to traditional synthetic methods. Characterization confirms the successful formation of well‐defined core‐shell structures with a narrow size distribution and minimal organic residue. Remarkably, the presence of specific Mo/Ni oxide phases alongside anatase and rutile TiO2 in the shell verified unique catalytic properties. The developed Ni/MoNi@TiO2 electrocatalyst demonstrates promising electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation, comparable to or even surpassing established transition metal catalysts such as Pt‐based catalysts, offering a promising alternative for DMFC applications. The concentration‐dependent peak current density further highlights its potential for efficient DMFC operation. This work demonstrates the feasibility and advantages of using bio‐inspired synthesis for developing sustainable and high‐performance electrocatalysts for energy conversion applications.
A Computational Study of New Glitazones‐Sulphonylureas Hybrids as Potential Antidiabetic Agents
Authors: Mokgopa Kabelo P. , Adeyinka Adedapo S. , Mnyakeni‐Moleele Simon S. , Tshiluka Ndivhuwo R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder with global cases expected to increase significantly in the coming decades. Existing treatments include sulphonylureas and thiazolidinediones (TZDs), which target insulin secretion and sensitivity. Hence, in this study, we have virtually designed a new hybrid of 2,4‐thiazolidinedione‐sulphonylureas 6a‐r by utilizing molecular hybridization of sulphonylurea and TZD moieties to enhance and improve their antidiabetic efficacy and bioavailability while eliminating their side effects. Furthermore, we have used computational techniques to evaluate the antidiabetic and pharmacokinetic properties of hybrids 6a‐r. The docking study of hybrids 6a‐r was assessed against five key proteins: α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase, PPAR‐γ, DPPIV, and SGLT2. The SwissADME and PkCSM results revealed the favorable pharmacokinetic profiles and acceptable toxicity. Amongst the 2,4‐thiazolidinedione‐sulphonylurea hybrids 6a‐r investigated, glitazone 6c and rhodanine 6k emerged as the best inhibitors of DPPIV and SGLT2 with binding free energies of −38.76 kcal/mol and −36.45 kcal/mol respectively, as well as corresponding docking scores of −8.78 and −6.28 kcal/mol. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of these binding to the enzymes' active sites. These findings suggest that glitazone and rhodanine hybrids can act as DPPIV and SGLT2 inhibitors, thus assisting in the drug discovery of new potential antidiabetic agents.
Solvent Mediated Interfacial Microenvironment Design for High‐Performance Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products
Authors: Sun Jiping , Wu Bichao , Wang Zhixing , Guo Huajun , Yan Guochun , Duan Hui , Li Guangchao , Wang Jiexi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR) in membrane electrode assembly (MEA) represents a viable strategy for converting CO2 into value‐added multi‐carbon (C2+) compounds. Therefore, the microstructure of the catalyst layer (CL) affects local gas transport, charge conduction, and proton supply at three‐phase interfaces, which is significantly determined by the solvent environment. However, the microenvironment of the CLs and the mechanism of the solvent effect on C2+ selectivity remains elusive. Herein, a tailored interfacial structure is designed by introducing a solvent‐mediated catalyst‐ionomer‐solvent microenvironment. The acetone surface promotion strategy is beneficial for the unfolded ionomers to uniformly coat the catalysts, which contributes to enhancing interfacial hydrophobicity and inhibiting hydrogen evolution. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and in situ ATR‐SEIRAS are employed to elucidate the appropriate interfacial network with a balanced distribution of CO2 and H2O. The uniform and continuous network in acetone is advantageous for CO2‐to‐C2+. The optimized structure favors the production of C2+ products in Cu‐based MEA, exhibiting a high C2+ faradaic efficiency (FE) of 80.27% at 400 mA cm−2.
Achieving Biofunctional Micropatterns via Protein‐Based Aqueous Photoresists with Tailored Functionalities
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Li Zishun , Wang Min , Shang Hongpeng , Ding Jie , Zheng Xiaorui , Guo Chengchen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPhotolithography is the most widely used micropatterning technique at the micro‐ and nanoscale in device fabrication. However, traditional photoresists used in photolithography are typically nonaqueous‐based toxic substances that require harsh conditions for processing, limiting the development of biofunctional and biocompatible micropatterns. In this study, a protein‐based aqueous photoresist derived from chemically modified silk fibroin named SAMA, capable of achieving high‐resolution micropatterning (<1.2 µm) while retaining good biocompatibility, is presented. The entire fabrication process, including spin‐coating, development, and lift‐off, employs solely SAMA and water, eliminating the need for toxic reagents and elevated temperature. Notably, the SAMA photoresist allows covalent conjugation of biofunctional molecules, such as enzymes and nucleic acids, while preserving their bioactivity during micropatterning. This innovative approach enables the high‐throughput generation of bioactive micropatterns for various applications such as biosynthesis, diagnostics, and biosensors.
Digital Watermarking Using Artificial Intelligence: Concept, Techniques, and Future Trends
Authors: Dandooh Azza , El‐Fishawy Adel S. , Hemdan Ezz El‐Din 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTOne of the most widely used tools for information security is digital watermarking. Multimedia content, including text, audio, video, and images, frequently uses it. Utilizing watermarking requires different goals. These goals encompass copyright authentication as well as protection. It might be necessary for the watermark to be strong or fragile. Applications requiring copyright authentication must include a fragile watermark. However, copyright protection necessitates a strong watermark. For resolving a variety of intelligence‐related issues, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) are solid options. Although it works well for watermarking, it is less effective at more common tasks like regression, classification, and prediction. A thorough analysis of watermarking with popular technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), DL, and ML is presented in this article. A summary of watermarking, background information, and the most interesting applications are also covered.
Developing, implementing, and evaluating the first national Memory and Cognition Clinic Guidelines in Australia
Authors: Mehrani Inga , Paradise Matthew , Low Lee‐Fay , Kurrle Sue , Arsenova Valerie , Jahn Gemma , Fyfe Katrina , Michaelian Johannes C. , Salmon Katharine , Alty Jane , Naismith Sharon L. , Sachdev Perminder S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONA lack of national consensus on the roles and responsibilities of Australian memory and cognition clinics contributes to the large variability seen across services. The introduction of guidelines and a quality assessment framework could facilitate greater harmonization and quality improvements.METHODSWe used a modified Delphi process to develop the guidelines. Pilot clinics completed a self‐assessment, case‐note audit, and review meeting to evaluate their service against the guidelines.RESULTSThe final guidelines included 160 standards on 14 different topics. Standards around maximum waiting times for an assessment and minimum post‐diagnostic care responsibilities were particularly controversial. Seven clinics participated in the pilot. On average, clinics achieved 56% of standards (range of 18% to 87%).DISCUSSIONThe Memory and Cognition Clinic Guidelines form the first step toward greater harmonization and quality improvements. Key learnings from the clinics’ feedback included reducing the number of secondary standards and streamlining data collection with the national dementia clinical quality registry.Highlights
We developed and implemented the first national consensus‐based best‐practice guidelines for memory and cognition clinics in Australia.
The guidelines are based on consultation with 125 Australian health professionals and 89 Australians living with dementia and care partners.
First‐time national agreement on standards around maximum waiting times for an assessment and minimum post‐diagnostic care requirements is presented in the guidelines.
The guidelines were implemented in seven memory and cognition clinics from five different states.
Clinicians' feedback included: reducing the number of secondary standards to increase conciseness and practicability should be considered for future iterations.