bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using digital technologies to facilitate social inclusion during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Experiences of co‐resident and non‐co‐resident family carers of people with dementia from DETERMIND‐C19
Authors: Hicks Ben , Gridley Kate , Dixon Josie , Baxter Kate , Birks Yvonne , Colclough Carmen , Karim Anomita , Perach Rotem , Moseley Elen , Russell Alice , Sondh Harsharon K. , Storey Bryony , Tipping Eva , Ardle Riona Mc , Donaghy Paul , Dangoor Margaret , Miles Eleanor , Robinson Louise , Rusted Jennifer , Waine Harriet , Wheatley Katherine , Banerjee Sube ,   DETERMIND team
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic triggered rapid and unprecedented changes in the use of digital technologies to support people's social inclusion. We examined whether and how co‐resident and non‐co‐resident family carers of people with dementia engaged with digital technologies during this period.MethodsThroughout November 2020‐February 2021, we interviewed 42 family carers of people with dementia from our DETERMIND‐C19 cohort. Preliminary analysis was conducted through Framework analysis, followed by an inductive thematic analysis.FindingsDigital technologies served as a Facilitator for social inclusion by enabling carers to counter the effects of the differing restrictions imposed on them so they could remain socially connected and form a sense of solidarity, access resources and information, engage in social and cultural activities and provide support and independence in their caring role. However, these experiences were not universal as carers discussed some Challenges for tech inclusion, which included preferences for face‐to‐face contact, lack of technological literacy and issues associated with the accessibility of the technology.ConclusionMany of the carers engaged with Information and Communication Technologies, and to a lesser extent Assistive Technologies, during the pandemic. Whilst carers experienced different challenges due to where they lived, broadly the use of these devices helped them realise important facets of social inclusion as well as facilitated the support they provided to the person with dementia. However, to reduce the ‘digital divide’ and support the social inclusion of all dementia carers, our findings suggest it is essential that services are attuned to their preferences, needs and technological abilities.
Prevalence of type 2 diabetes complications and its association with diet knowledge and skills and self‐care barriers in Tabriz, Iran: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Jalilian Habib , Javanshir Elnaz , Torkzadeh Leila , Fehresti Saeedeh , Mir Nazanin , Heidari‐Jamebozorgi Majid , Heydari Somayeh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsDiabetes can lead to multiple complications that can reduce the quality of life, impose additional costs on the healthcare systems and ultimately lead to premature death. Proper self‐care in diabetic patients can impede or delay the onset of diabetes complications. This study aimed to investigate diabetes complications and their association with diet knowledge, skills, and self‐care barriers.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study. A total of 1139 patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) referring to health centers in Tabriz, Iran, were included from January to July 2019. Data were collected using two questionnaires: (1) a sociodemographic questionnaire and (2) a Personal Diabetes Questionnaire (PDQ). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. χ2 test was used to examine the association between the socioeconomic and disease‐related variables and the prevalence of diabetes complications. T‐test was used to examine the association between diet knowledge and skills, self‐care barriers, and the incidence of diabetes complications.ResultsIn this study, 76.1% of patients had at least one complication, and 30.2% had a history of hospitalization due to diabetes complications during the past year. Approximately 49% and 43% were diagnosed with high blood pressure and hyperlipidemia, respectively. Cardiovascular disease was the most common diabetes complication (15.9%) and the cause of hospitalization (11.01%) in patients with diabetes. Barriers to diet adherence, blood glucose monitoring, and exercise were significantly associated with self‐reported diabetes complications (p < 0.001). Our results showed no significant association between the number of complications and diet knowledge and skills (p = 0.44).ConclusionThis study indicated that the prevalence of diabetes complications was higher among patients with more barriers to self‐care. In light of these findings, taking appropriate measures to reduce barriers to self‐care can prevent or delay the onset of diabetes complications.
Endogenous market choice, listing regulations, and IPO spread: Evidence from the London Stock Exchange
Authors: Hoque Hafiz , Doukas John 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study examines the endogenous market choice and its impact on underwriter spread if Alternative Investment Market (AIM) IPOs that meet Main Market (MM) listing requirements had issued equity in the MM during the 1995–2021 period. We find that the spread is 1.33% higher in the AIM than the MM for IPO listings that meet the MM listing requirements. This finding suggests that AIM companies, meeting the MM listing requirements, could have saved more than £100 million by going public through the MM than the AIM market. We also find that this spread differential is attributed to the issuing firms' market self‐selection. We demonstrate that listing requirements in the MM have an impact on the gross spread. The Propensity score matching results show that AIM firms that meet the MM market listing requirements pay a 0.921% higher spread which is significant at a 1% level compared to the MM market IPOs.
Yield prediction and water‐nitrogen management of Chinese jujube based on machine learning
Authors: Tao Wanghai , Zeng Senlin , Su Lijun , Sun Yan , Shao Fanfan , Wang Quanjiu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractJujubes are a crucial characteristic industry in China. Predicting jujube production in various regions of China is significant to developing the jujube industry. This study aims to predict jujube yields across China by machine learning and optimize water‐nitrogen applications to achieve the highest yields. We utilized four machine learning methods (i.e., linear regression, support vector machine, ensemble learning and Gaussian process regression) to create predictive models based on the jujube production, irrigation, fertilization and planting density data sets. The results showed that the Gaussian process regression model best predicted jujube yield by comparing the predicted and measured data. The ensemble learning and Gaussian process regression model best optimized the optimal water and nitrogen application range. On the whole, the Gaussian process regression model is more suitable for yield prediction and water‐nitrogen management. The water‐nitrogen coupling function based on the Gaussian process regression model for predicting jujube yield in Xinjiang, Gansu and Shaanxi was developed to make suitable irrigation and fertilizer regimes. This study can provide a theoretical basis for predicting jujube production and water‐nitrogen management in China.
Incremental Effect of Mitral Regurgitation on Left Atrial Dysfunction and Atrioventricular Interaction in Hypertensive Patients by MRI
Authors: Tang Si‐Shi , Shi Rui , Yang Zhi‐Gang , Wang Jin , Min Chen‐Yan , Yan Wei‐Feng , Zhang Yi , Li Yuan 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundMitral regurgitation may occur when hypertension causes left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) remodeling. However, its role in LA function in hypertensive patients remains unclear.PurposeTo explore how mitral regurgitation affects LA function in hypertension and to investigate atrioventricular interaction in hypertensive patients with mitral regurgitation.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 193 hypertensive cases and 64 controls.Field Strength/SequenceA 3.0 T/balanced steady‐state free precession.AssessmentLA volume (LAV), LA strain (reservoir, conduit, and active), LA ejection fraction, and LV strain (global peak longitudinal [GLS], circumferential [GCS], and radial strain [GRS]) were evaluated and compared among groups. Regurgitant fraction (RF) was evaluated in regurgitation patients and used to subdivide patients into mild (RF: 0%–30%), moderate (RF: 30%–50%), and severe (RF: >50%) regurgitation categories.Statistical TestsOne‐way analysis of variance, Spearman and Pearson's correlation coefficients (r), and multivariable linear regression analysis. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsHypertensive patients without mitral regurgitation showed significantly impaired LA reservoir and conduit functions and significantly decreased LV GLS but preserved pump function and LAV compared to controls (P = 0.193–1.0). Hypertensive cases with mild regurgitation (N = 22) had significantly enlarged LAV and further reduced LA reservoir function, while the group with moderate regurgitation (N = 20) showed significantly reduced LA pump function, further impaired conduit function, and significantly reduced LV strain. The severe regurgitation (N = 13) group demonstrated significantly more severely impaired LA and LV functions and LAV enlargement. Multivariable linear regression showed that regurgitation degree, GRS, GCS, and GLS were independently correlated with the LA reservoir, conduit, and active strain in hypertensive patients with mitral regurgitation.Data ConclusionMitral regurgitation may exacerbate LA and LV impairment in hypertension. Regurgitation degree, LV GRS, GCS, and GLS were independent determinants of the LA strain in hypertensive patients with mitral regurgitation, which demonstrated atrioventricular interaction.Evidence Level4.Technical EfficacyStage 3.
Factors affecting prolonged SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and development and validation of predictive nomograms
Authors: Guo Yifei , Guo Yue , Zhang Yongmei , Li Fahong , Yu Jie , Zhang Yao , Shen Zhongliang , Mao Richeng , Zhu Haoxiang , Zhang Jiming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProlonged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection has received much attention since it is associated with mortality and is hypothesized as the cause of long COVID‐19 and the emergence of a new variant of concerns. However, a prediction model for the accurate prediction of prolonged infection is still lacking. A total of 2938 confirmed patients with COVID‐19 diagnosed by positive reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction tests were recruited retrospectively. This study cohort was divided into a training set (70% of study patients; n = 2058) and a validation set (30% of study patients; n = 880). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were utilized to identify predictors for prolonged infection. Model 1 included only preadmission variables, whereas Model 2 also included after‐admission variables. Nomograms based on variables of Model 1 and Model 2 were built for clinical use. The efficiency of nomograms was evaluated by using the area under the curve, calibration curves, and concordance indexes (C‐index). Independent predictors of prolonged infection included in Model 1 were: age ≥75 years, chronic kidney disease, chronic lung disease, partially or fully vaccinated, and booster. Additional independent predictors in Model 2 were: treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir more than 5 days after diagnosis and glucocorticoid. The inclusion of after‐admission variables in the model slightly improved the discriminatory power (C‐index in the training cohort: 0.721 for Model 1 and 0.737 for Model 2; in the validation cohort: 0.699 for Model 1 and 0.719 for Model 2). In our study, we developed and validated predictive models based on readily available variables of preadmission and after‐admission for predicting prolonged SARS‐CoV‐2 infection of patients with COVID‐19.
Volatile compounds for biotechnological applications produced during competitive interactions between yeasts and fungi
Authors: Ribeiro Luciana Silva , de Souza Mariana Lino , Lira Jean Marcel Sousa , Schwan Rosane Freitas , Batista Luís Roberto , Silva Cristina Ferreira 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFungi, yeasts and bacteria produce volatile compounds during their metabolism. In this study, the volatile compounds produced by yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) and fungal strains (Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus ochraceus) during competitive interactions were investigated by solid‐phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Fifty‐six volatile compounds were identified representing alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, aromatic compounds, acids, furans, phenols, and nitrogen compounds, being the largest amount in the class of esters and alcohols. Eight compounds were identified only in interactive culture conditions such as 2‐amino‐1‐propanol, isopropylamine, dimethylamine, pentyl propanoate, ethyl‐2‐aminopropanoate, acetone, oxalic acid, and β‐elemene and five of these were produced in cocultures including A. carbonarius. These will be developed for future biotechnological applications such as in the pharmaceutical and biological industry to produce drugs. Antimicrobial and antifungal activities; Solvent and herbicide; flavoring ingredient; solvent, plastic synthesis, nail polish remover and thinner, pesticide and herbicide; important in the complexation of minerals in the soil; and plant‐environment interactions, defending predators, pathogens, and competitors.
Raman on ramen: Nutritional analysis and brand identification
Authors: Rodriguez Axell , Serada Valeryia , Stover Patrick , Kurouski Dmitry 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPrecise and nondestructive assessment of food quality and its nutritional composition can be used to personalize nutrition, which, in turn, will improve well‐being and help to prevent chronic diseases for millions of people around the world. Currently used methods for elucidation of nutritional composition of food are destructive, time, and labor consuming. In this study, we investigate the potential of Raman spectroscopy (RS), an emerging analytical technique, in a noninvasive, nondestructive, and a chemical‐free analysis of the nutritional composition of ramen, one of the most popular foods in the world. We found that RS could be used to quantify the amount of carbohydrates, gluten, and lipids in ramen. In coupled to chemometrics, RS enables ~100% accurate differentiation between gluten‐rich and gluten‐free ramen. Furthermore, using RS, one can identify the brand and the country of origin of ramen. These findings suggest that Raman‐based sensors can be used in daily life for quality control of consumed food in both restaurants and grocery stores.
Prognostic value of the preoperative prognostic nutritional index and systemic immuno‐inflammatory index in Chinese breast cancer patients: A clinical retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sun Lin , Liu Jiajia , Wang Dan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundIt has been shown that peripheral blood inflammatory factor ratios correlate with the prognosis of various malignancies. Although indicative of prognosis in some tumors, its value for prognosis in breast cancer patients is unclear.MethodsThe clinical data of breast cancer patients diagnosed with breast cancer in the Second Hospital of Jilin University from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2017, were retrospectively analyzed. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) optimal cutoff values of the subjects' operating characteristic curves divided the patients into a low PNI group (≤51.05) and a high PNI group (>51.05). Correlations between breast cancer and PNI clinicopathological variables were determined by the χ2 test or Fisher exact test. Kaplan–Meier plots and log‐rank tests were used to assess clinical outcomes in terms of disease‐free survival (DFS). The prognostic value of PNI was analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional risk regression models.ResultsThe best cutoff value for predicting DFS by pretreatment PNI was 51.05 and the Youden index when was 0.416, with a sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity of 70.2%. Univariate analysis showed that PNI ≤ 51.05, human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 (HER‐2) positivity, and the number of lymph node metastases >4 were risk factors affecting DFS in invasive breast cancer (p < 0.05). Cox multifactor analysis showed that PNI and lymph node status were the most important factors affecting the prognosis of invasive breast cancer. Neutrophils‐to‐lymphocytes ratio and platelets‐to‐lymphocytes ratio were not significantly correlated with patient prognosis (p > 0.05).ConclusionPreoperative peripheral blood PNI in patients with invasive breast cancer are independent risk factors affecting patients' prognosis, they are positively correlated with prognosis and can be used as indicators to assess prognosis. PNI, HER‐2, and lymph node status had the best predictive efficacy with the area under the curve = 0.816 (95% confidence interval: 0.680–0.951, p < 0.001).
Differentiation of Bolus Texture During Deglutition via High‐Density Surface Electromyography: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ornelas Gladys , Bueno Garcia Hassler , Bracken David J. , Linnemeyer‐Risser Kristen , Coleman Todd P. , Weissbrod Philip A. 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveSwallowing is a complex neuromuscular task. There is limited spatiotemporal data on normative surface electromyographic signal during swallow, particularly across standard textures. We hypothesize the pattern of electromyographic signal of the anterior neck varies cranio‐caudally, that laterality can be evaluated, and categorization of bolus texture can be differentiated by high‐density surface electromyography (HDsEMG) through signal analysis.MethodsAn HDsEMG grid of 20 electrodes captured electromyographic activity in eight healthy adult subjects across 240 total swallows. Participants swallowed five standard textures: saliva, thin liquid, puree, mixed consistency, and dry solid. Data were bandpass filtered, underwent functional alignment of signal, and then placed into binary classifier receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Muscular activity was visualized by creating two‐dimensional EMG heat maps.ResultsSignal analysis results demonstrated a positive correlation between signal amplitude and bolus texture. Greater differences of amplitude in the cranial most region of the array when compared to the caudal most region were noted in all subjects. Lateral comparison of the array revealed symmetric power levels across all subjects and textures. ROC curves demonstrated the ability to correctly classify textures within subjects in 6 of 10 texture comparisons.ConclusionThis pilot study suggests that utilizing HDsEMG during deglutition can noninvasively differentiate swallows of varying texture noninvasively. This may prove useful in future diagnostic and behavioral swallow applications.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:2695–2703, 2023
Who is better for single and double coupon promotion? Comparison from dual‐channel and two‐period
Authors: Tian Yingdong , Yang Wensheng , Wen Kun , Zhang Dawei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the e‐commerce platform decides whether to distribute electronic coupons during the promotional period: Single coupon (SC) and double coupon (DC) are available. We analyze the difference in promotional strengths and profit levels between the two coupon scenarios. With the retailer in the SC scenario promoting more when the platform commission rate is increased. In the DC scenario, the larger the gains of the manufacturer and the platform during the promotional period, and the profit trends of the dual‐channel in the original price period remain the same. The platform can only enjoy significant benefits when the platform fee is higher.
Crystal structure of the catalytic ATP‐binding domain of the PhoR sensor histidine kinase
Authors: Jia Ruiliang , Zhao Yimeng , Hattori Motoyuki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe two‐component regulatory system (TCS) is a major regulatory system in bacteria that occurs in response to environmental changes and involves the sensor histidine kinase (HK) protein and response regulator (RR) protein. Among the TCSs, PhoR/PhoB is crucial for bacteria to adapt to changes in environmental phosphate concentrations. In addition, recent studies have shown that PhoR binding to the MgtC virulence factor activates phosphate transport for normal pathogenesis. In this work, we determined the crystal structure of the catalytic ATP binding domain of the PhoR sensor histidine kinase from Vibrio cholera, compared the structure with the known HK protein structures and discussed the potential binding interface with MgtC.
Mineral characteristics of volcanic ash‐derived soils affecting boron adsorption
Authors: Terraza Pira Maria Fernanda , Sumner Malcolm E. , Plante Alain , Thompson Aaron 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVolcanic ash‐derived soils are naturally deficient in the essential micronutrient B, but they also have maximum adsorption capacities (bB) that are as much as 40 times greater than in nonvolcanic soils, further exacerbating B availability. Because short‐range‐order (SRO) aluminosilicates (allophane and imogolite) and iron (Fe) oxyhydroxides are the main clay‐sized minerals in these soils, we hypothesized that their relative abundances would explain variations in boron sorption capacity (bB). We characterized 23 volcanic ash‐derived soils (Andisols and non‐Andisols) from the Pacific coastal plain of Guatemala by X‐ray diffraction, oxalate and pyrophosphate extractions, and thermal analysis, with four selected soils further examined by Mössbauer spectroscopy (MBS). Only soils with andic character (high SRO Si–Al content) contained considerable amounts of imogolite, with allophane in the clay fraction. Overall, soil SRO Al–Si phases were strongly correlated with clay B adsorption capacity (R = 0.65, p < 0.001) and clay specific surface area (R = 0.88, p < 0.001) suggesting that SRO Al–Si phases are the dominate influence on B behavior in these soils. Fe mineral composition was dominated (39%–71% of total Fe) by SRO Fe(III) oxyhydroxides (nanogoethite and ferrihydrite) of various crystallinities. In low allophane soils, SRO Fe phase abundance correlated with bB as did the abundance of low crystallinity kaolinite phases, suggesting these phases are important when SRO Si–Al content is low. Any efforts to predict B behavior or plan soil fertility treatments in volcanic‐influenced soils needs to consider the impact of SRO phases.
Emerging Trends in 2D TMDs Photodetectors and Piezo‐Phototronic Devices
Authors: Aftab Sikandar , Hegazy Hosameldin Helmy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe piezo‐phototronic effect shows promise with regards to improving the performance of 2D semiconductor‐based flexible optoelectronics, which will potentially open up new opportunities in the electronics field. Mechanical exfoliation and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) influence the piezo‐phototronic effect on a transparent, ultrasensitive, and flexible van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure, which allows the use of intrinsic semiconductors, such as 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD). The latest and most promising 2D TMD‐based photodetectors and piezo‐phototronic devices are discussed in this review article. As a result, it is possible to make flexible piezo‐phototronic photodetectors, self‐powered sensors, and higher strain tolerance wearable and implantable electronics for health monitoring and generation of piezoelectricity using just a single semiconductor or vdW heterostructures of various nanomaterials. A comparison is also made between the functionality and distinctive properties of 2D flexible electronic devices with a range of applications made from 2D TMDs materials. The current state of the research about 2D TMDs can be applied in a variety of ways in order to aid in the development of new types of nanoscale optoelectronic devices. Last, it summarizes the problems that are currently being faced, along with potential solutions and future prospects.