bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between choroidal microvasculature in the eye and Alzheimer's disease risk in cognitively healthy mid‐life adults: A pilot study
Authors: Burke Jamie , Gibbon Samuel , Low Audrey , Hamid Charlene , Reid‐Schachter Megan , Muniz‐Terrera Graciela , Ritchie Craig W. , Dhillon Baljean , O'Brien John T. , King Stuart , MacCormick Ian J. C. , MacGillivray Thomas J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe explored associations between measurements of the ocular choroid microvasculature and Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk.METHODSWe measured the choroidal vasculature appearing in optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans of 69 healthy, mid‐life individuals in the PREVENT Dementia cohort. The cohort was prospectively split into low‐, medium‐, and high‐risk groups based on the presence of known risk factors (apolipoprotein E [APOE] ε4 genotype and family history of dementia [FH]). We used ordinal logistic regression to test for cross‐sectional associations between choroidal measurements and AD risk.RESULTSChoroidal vasculature was progressively larger between ordinal risk groups, and significantly associated with risk group prediction. APOE ε4 carriers had thicker choroids and larger vascularity compared to non‐carriers. Similar trends were observed for those with a FH.DISCUSSIONSOur results suggest a potential link between the choroidal vasculature and AD risk. However, these exploratory findings should be replicated in a larger sample.Highlights
Ocular choroidal microvasculature is of interest in relation to neurodegeneration due to its autonomic response to systemic, pathophysiological change.
Choroidal changes in the prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are unexplored.
The PREVENT Dementia cohort offers a unique, non‐invasive study of the microvasculature in mid‐life individuals at increased risk for developing AD.
Significantly increased ocular choroidal vasculature was associated with increased risk (apolipoprotein E carrier and/or family history of dementia) for AD.
These exploratory results suggest a potential association between the ocular choroidal vasculature and AD risk. However, findings should be replicated in a larger sample.
Warming‐induced changes in seasonal priority effects drive shifts in community composition
Authors: Dawson‐Glass Emma , Schiafo Rory , Kuebbing Sara E. , Stuble Katharine L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractShifting community assembly dynamics are an underappreciated mechanism by which warming will alter plant community composition. Germination timing (which can determine the order in which seedlings emerge within a community) will likely shift unevenly across species in response to warming. In seasonal environments where communities reassemble at the beginning of each growing season, changes in germination timing could lead to changes in seasonal priority effects, and ultimately community composition. We test this expectation by assembling mesocosms of 15 species in one of two orders—“ambient” assembly order or “warmed” assembly order—based on the order in which the constituent species germinated under ambient and warmed conditions. Community composition differed significantly between mesocosms assembled in ambient versus warmed orders. The impact of assembly order on species mean biomass was largely explained by how much earlier (or later) a species arrived in the warmed‐order treatment relative to the ambient‐order treatment. Species whose germination phenology advanced more under warmed conditions relative to ambient conditions showed greater relative increases in biomass under the warmed assembly treatment. These findings demonstrate that warming can drive community assembly and shape community composition by reordering the relative timing of germination among species. These findings enhance our ability to predict which species are likely to benefit from warming and which may decline based on how warming may shift assembly order, ultimately informing how warming may alter plant communities.
A seasonal matrix population model for ixodid ticks with complex life histories and limited host availability
Authors: Vindenes Yngvild , Mysterud Atle 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMany vector‐borne diseases are sensitive to changes in land use and climate; hence, it is important to understand the factors that govern the vector populations. Ixodid ticks, which serve as vectors for multiple diseases, have a slow life cycle compared with many of their hosts. The observable questing population represents only a fraction of the total tick population and may include overlapping cohorts in each stage. The duration of each life stage (larvae, nymph, and adult) is variable and depends on factors such as the seasonal timing of questing, development, and host availability. Mathematical models are therefore essential to mediate how complex life cycle transitions and host interactions underpin the seasonal dynamics of the questing tick population. In this study, we develop a seasonal matrix population model for ixodid ticks feeding on a small and large host. The model has 17 stages representing the main life history stages (eggs, larvae, nymphs, and adults) combined with status of feeding, seasonal timing of feeding, and overwintering. The probability of finding a host depends on tick instar and host type, and density regulation is incorporated through limited host capacity. Using a life history representing Ixodes ricinus in Northern Europe as a baseline, we extract seasonal numbers of different parts of the tick population and calculate life history outcomes such as generation time and mean and variance of lifespan and of lifetime reproductive output. These results are compared with an alternative scenario of a southern life history. Secondly, we investigate (1) effects of seasonality in the small host availability on the seasonal numbers of tick stages and (2) effects of varying host availability and utilization of small versus large hosts by larvae and nymphs, on the seasonal numbers of questing ticks. Our results suggest that the small host availability is an important regulating factor through the feeding of larvae. Our model incorporates complex mechanisms underlying the seasonal composition of the tick population. It can be applied to different ixodid tick species and provides a framework for future investigations into intra‐ and interspecific variation in life history and population dynamics.
Enzymatically Formed Fatty Acid Hydroperoxides Determined Through GC‐MS Analysis of Enantiomeric Excess of Hydroxy Fatty Acids After Reduction and Ibuprofen Derivatization
Authors: Hotz Lisa , Zartmann Anne , Noack Isabelle , Drees Luca J. , Kuschow Meret K. , Heinrich Markus R. , Janssen Hans‐Gerd , Hammann Simon 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTUnsaturated fatty acids are susceptible to lipid oxidation through autoxidation, photooxygenation or enzymatical oxidation. A characteristic feature of enzyme‐catalyzed oxidation is the high regio‐ and stereospecificity of the formed fatty acid hydroperoxides. In this study, we present a method to quantify enzymatic lipid oxidation through reducing hydroperoxy fatty acid methyl esters to hydroxy fatty acid methyl esters and derivatizing them with enantiopure (S)‐ibuprofen, allowing the resolution of the enantiomer pairs as diastereomers via achiral GC‐MS. After application to enantiopure reference fatty acids, the approach was applied to autoxidation products of linoleic acid, and the expected racemic mixtures of the 9‐ and 13‐hydroperoxide derived hydroxy fatty acids were detected. On the other hand, when linoleic acid was oxidized using soybean lipoxygenase, clear enantiomeric excess of the (13S) enantiomer could be detected, proving the applicability of this method to detect enzymatic oxidation through enantiomeric excess.
Altered Sensorimotor Striatal Network Connectivity in Women With Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Wang Yu‐ping , Chu Min‐Yi , Wang Yi , Lei Xiaoxia , Kang Qing , Yue Ling , Chen Yan , Lui Simon S. Y. , Wang Zhen , Chan Raymond C. K. , Chen Jue 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveAnorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with disturbances in reward processing, cognitive control, and body image perception, implicating striatal dysfunction. Evidence suggests that underweight may modulate brain function in AN. We aimed to investigate whole‐brain resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the striatum in patients with AN while controlling for the acute effects of underweight.MethodUsing theoretically selected striatal sub‐regions, whole‐brain rsFC patterns of the striatum were compared among patients with AN (n = 39, BMI = 16.19 ± 1.48 kg/m2), normal weight healthy controls (NHC) (n = 31, BMI = 20.98 ± 1.72 kg/m2), and underweight healthy controls (UHC) (n = 22, BMI = 16.68 ± 0.69 kg/m2). Correlation analysis between rsFC and clinical measures was conducted for the patients with AN.ResultsCompared with the NHC group, AN patients showed increased striatal rsFC with the fronto‐parietal network (FPN) and reduced striatal rsFC with sensorimotor and visual regions. Compared with the UHC group, AN patients exhibited reduced striatal rsFC solely with sensorimotor and visual regions. No significant correlations were found between striatal rsFC and clinical variables in the patients with AN.ConclusionOur findings suggest that decreased striatal rsFC with sensorimotor and visual areas may represent illness‐specific neural correlates in patients with AN.
Amauroderma rugosum Extract Improves Brain Function in d‐Galactose‐Induced Aging Mouse Models via the Regulatory Effects of Its Polysaccharides on Oxidation, the mTOR‐Dependent Pathway, and Gut Microbiota
Authors: Rangsinth Panthakarn , Zheng Chengwen , Shiu Polly Ho‐Ting , Wang Wen , Kwong Tsz Ching , Choy Chi Tung , Leung Susan Wai‐Sum , Tencomnao Tewin , Chuchawankul Siriporn , Prasansuklab Anchalee , Cheung Timothy Man‐Yau , Kwan Yiu‐Wa , Kannan Priya , Li Jingjing , Leung George Pak‐Heng 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe pharmacological effects of Amauroderma rugosum (AR), an edible mushroom found mainly in Southeast Asia, are not well studied, particularly its neuroprotective properties. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of AR aqueous extract (ARW) in a d‐galactose‐induced accelerated aging mouse model and senescent SH‐SY5Y neuronal cells. Behavioral tests (open field, Morris water maze, Y‐maze, and rotarod) demonstrated that d‐galactose‐induced aging mice exhibited impaired cognitive function, memory loss, anxiety, and reduced locomotor ability, all of which were alleviated by ARW treatment. Histological analysis showed that ARW reduced neuropathological lesions in the hippocampus. In SH‐SY5Y neuronal cells, ARW and AR polysaccharide extract (ARP) enhanced cell viability and decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in a concentration‐dependent manner. ARW and ARP also reduced cellular senescence and apoptosis in d‐galactose‐treated cells. Western blot analysis indicated that ARW and ARP upregulated the phosphorylation of mTOR and increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase 1 and heme‐oxygenase‐1. Additionally, ARW altered the gut microbiota, increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus reuteri and decreasing harmful bacteria like Clostridium scindens. These findings suggest that AR exerts neuroprotective effects primarily through its polysaccharides by modulating oxidative stress, activating the mTOR‐dependent pathway, and influencing the gut microbiota. Consequently, AR could serve as a potential dietary supplement for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Muscle and Metabolic Genes Are Differentially Expressed During Thermal Acclimation by the Brook Trout Myotome
Authors: Coughlin David J. , Dutterer Madeline D. , LaMonica Zachary D. , Peyton Evelyn M. , Kwon Elizabeth S. , Hittle Kathleen A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCold‐water fishes, such as Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), are being challenged by the consequences of climate change. The ability of these fish to acclimate to warmer environmental conditions is vital to their survival. Acclimation to warmer water may allow brook trout to reduce the metabolic costs of higher temperatures. Previous work has shown that brook trout display a significant thermal acclimation response in their myotomal muscle, with slower contractile properties observed in warm acclimated fish. In this study, gene expression was examined in hatchery brook trout acclimated to a range in temperatures (4, 10 or 20°C). Brook trout displayed variations in gene expression in their myotomal muscle in accordance with acclimation temperature. Genes important for muscle function, cellular metabolism, protein degradation, and stress response showed variation to both warm (20°C) and cold (4°C) acclimation. The warm acclimated fish also showed decreased expression of genes associated with aerobic metabolism and increased expression of genes for heat shock proteins, while the cold acclimated fish showed increased expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism and protein turnover. α‐tubulin displayed a close association with thermal acclimation, increasing in expression with acclimation temperature. The patterns of muscle gene expression were the opposite of what was expected. Although warm acclimated fish have previously been shown to display slow muscle contractile properties, this study found that warm acclimation is associated with increased expression of genes for kinetically faster isoforms of important muscle proteins. Collectively, the results demonstrate a robust response to elevated temperature in the hatchery fish greater than 10,000 genes showing differential expression with temperature. These results provide a roadmap for the analysis of the acclimation response of native populations of brook trout encountering climate change.
From Dry to Temperate: How Climate Change Alters Growing Seasons?
Authors: Khodamorad Pour Mehraneh , Hessami Negin , Varshavian Vahid 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe thermal growing season, which represents a plant's theoretical growth season, is a key indicator of phenology's response to climate change. Using thermal growing season indices (start, end and length) and their sensitivity to air temperature, this study examines how climate change impacts them. For various climate types of Iran, Mann–Kendall and Sen's slope tests were applied to examine trends in thermal growing season indices at two temperature thresholds: 5°C (for cold‐season plants) and 10°C (for tropical plants) between 1995 and 2020. Using a novel heuristic algorithm, multiple linear regressions were used to determine the most influential seasonal air temperature indices including mean, range and extreme on thermal growth indices as well. Plants in cold and temperate climates experienced significant early onset and lengthening of their growing seasons, with tropical plants on northern coasts experiencing the earliest onset (14.7 days/decade) and the lengthening growing season (16 days/decade). For plants in cold climates, the end of the growing season was also delayed (5 days/decade). The onset growth season was most sensitive to spring minimum and average temperatures in cold and temperate climates, while it was most sensitive to winter average temperatures in dry climates. In cold climates, changing spring and winter temperature ranges also affected the onset of the growing season, while in dry climates, changing autumn temperature ranges affected the end of the growing season. However, extreme temperatures only affect the end of the growing season in temperate climates. Furthermore, the early onset of the growing season is the primary factor contributing to the lengthening of the growing season in all climates. The findings of this study can assist in developing and implementing agriculture and water resource management strategies that mitigate climate change's adverse effects.
Efficacy of low FODMAP diet in pediatric patients with disorders of gut–brain interaction
Authors: Raja Snigdha , Teitelbaum Jonathan E. , Pereira Kimberly , Guli Katelyn , Schosheim Alexander 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivesDisorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBIs), including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), are common among children. Although a diet that is low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) has been proven to help adults with IBS, there is conflicting evidence of its efficacy in pediatric patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective chart review of pediatric patients with DGBIs diagnosed by a pediatric gastroenterologist between December 2018 and April 2022 and referred to a dietician for low FODMAP diet (LFD). The diagnosis was based on Rome IV criteria, and the chart review was based on International Classification of Diseases 10 diagnosis codes for DGBIs. Subjective historical assessment was used to define symptom improvement. The causative FODMAP Monash group(s) were identified during the reintroduction phase based on a symptom diary.ResultsA total of 58 patients were initially identified (38 females), 47 of whom completed the LFD and followed up. This included 24 patients with IBS‐diarrhea predominant (IBS‐D), 10 patients with IBS‐mixed type (IBS‐M), 6 patients with IBS‐constipation predominant (IBS‐C), and 7 patients with functional abdominal pain (FAP) or functional dyspepsia (FD). Symptom improvement occurred in 22 (91.6%) of IBS‐D, 7 (70%) of IBS‐M, 3 (50%) of IBS‐C, and 3 (42.8%) of FAP/FD. Fructans, garlic, onions, and lactose were the most common offenders.ConclusionLFD improves symptoms in most patients with DGBIs, particularly those with IBS‐D.
Techno‐functionality of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) protein concentrate: a comparative study with soy and pea proteins
Authors: Costa Juliana Eloy Granato , Matos Jessica da Silva , Azevedo Paula Zambe , Souza Francisca das Chagas do Amaral , Rodrigues Sueli , Fernandes Fabiano André Narciso , da Silva Vanelle Maria , Bezerra Jaqueline de Araújo , Sanches Edgar Aparecido , Lamarão Carlos Victor , Vidigal Márcia Cristina Teixeira Ribeiro , Stringheta Paulo César , Martins Evandro , Campelo Pedro Henrique 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDWith the growing human awareness of the environmental and animal stress caused by the meat industry, the consumption of plant‐based products has expanded. Plant proteins have gained market prominence due to their sustainable origin, economic value and health benefits. Well‐established plant proteins in the market, such as those of soy and pea, have various applications as ingredients in the food industry. However, given the wide variety of protein sources, it is necessary to conduct studies on the chemical and techno‐functional characterization of other raw materials to further diversify their properties. In this context, the present study introduces jack bean protein concentrate (JBPC) as a potential alternative to proteins already established in the market. Techno‐functional properties such as surface hydrophobicity, solubility, zeta potential, water‐ and oil‐holding capacity, foam capacity and stability, emulsion stability and gel formation and rheology were analyzed.RESULTSThe protein content obtained from the extraction of the JBPC was 73 g (100 g)−1 on a dry weight basis, with an extraction yield of approximately 10% (w/w). Least gelation concentration for JBPC was 20%. JBPC exhibited a predominantly hydrophobic nature, with good oil retention capacity and emulsion and foam stabilization properties. The structure of JBPC was more linear, stable and rigid, which primarily influenced gel stiffness.CONCLUSIONBased on the study of techno‐functional properties, JBPC proved to be an excellent alternative to soy protein isolate and pea protein concentrate in various applications, with potential for becoming an innovative ingredient in the food industry. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
18F‐FDG PET/CT for Surveillance in Salivary Gland Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ajit‐Roger Emily , Richardson Keith , Mlynarek Alex Marcin , Sadeghi Nader , Hier Michael P. , Mascarella Marco A. 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT compared to conventional imaging modalities (CIM) to detect recurrence of primary salivary gland cancers (SGCs).Data SourcesReview performed on December 26, 2024, using Embase, CINHAL, MEDLINE, and PubMed.Review MethodsTwo blinded reviewers selected studies reporting diagnostic accuracy of PET/CT in identifying locoregional recurrence and/or metastasis in patients with SGCs. The analysis was performed adhering to PRISMA guidelines using R 4.3.3. Pooled analysis with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were analyzed.ResultsA total of 12 studies were retained from the systematic review, including 264 patients evaluated in the meta‐analysis. For local recurrence, there was a pooled sensitivity of 0.86 (95% CI 0.73–0.93) and a pooled specificity of 0.95 (95% CI 0.92–0.97) for PET/CT, and a pooled sensitivity of 0.89 (95% CI 0.80–0.94) and a pooled specificity of 0.91 (95% CI 0.79–0.97) for CIM (p = 0.90). For regional metastasis, there was a pooled sensitivity of 0.90 (95% CI 0.73–0.97) and a pooled specificity of 0.96 (95% CI 0.92–0.98) for PET/CT, and a pooled sensitivity of 0.80 (95% CI 0.62–0.91) and a pooled specificity of 0.95 (0.90–0.98) for CIM (p = 0.26). For distant metastasis, there was a pooled sensitivity of 0.96 (95% CI 0.90–0.99) and a pooled specificity of 0.95 (95% CI 0.85–0.98) for PET/CT, and a pooled sensitivity of 0.80 (95% CI 0.71–0.86) and a pooled specificity of 0.97 (95% CI 0.87–0.99) for CIM (p = 0.018).Conclusions18F‐FDG‐PET/CT imaging is accurate for the detection of SGC recurrence, particularly for the detection of regional and distant metastases.Level of EvidenceNot applicable Laryngoscope, 2025
Clinical Judgment Model‐Based Critical Reflection Program for Newly Graduated Nurses: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kim Ae Ran , Hong Jeong Hee , Kim Kyeongsug , Kim Yuna , Lee Jung Min , Lee Heejin , Yoon Ji Hyun , Kim Mi Soon 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the effects of a critical reflection program utilizing the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric (LCJR) reflective questions based on the Clinical Judgment Model (CJM) on newly graduated nurses' clinical judgment skills. A total of 153 newly graduated nurses scheduled for on‐site training in a ward nursing unit were divided into a control group (receiving only the usual on‐site training with preceptorship) and an experimental group (receiving the developed program with the same on‐site training with preceptorship as the control group). Data were collected at baseline, 6 weeks, and 3 months after the intervention. A comparison of the scores of the two groups at each measurement time point revealed that the experimental group showed significantly higher scores than the control group in clinical judgment (z = 3.25, p = 0.003) and stage of noticing (z = 2.78, p = 0.015) at 6 weeks postintervention. Clinical reasoning competence (experimental χ2 = 24.57, p < 0.001; control χ2 = 41.12, p < 0.001) and clinical judgment (experimental χ2 = 12.74, p = 0.002; control χ2 = 10.54, p = 0.005) significantly improved scores across the three time points in both groups. The change in scores in the responding stage of clinical judgment from preintervention to 6 weeks postintervention showed a significant difference between the two groups (z = −2.44, p = 0.045). A critical reflection program based on the CJM can help newly graduated nurses enhance their clinical judgment over a short period during the early stages of clinical adaptation.