bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rejuvenation of Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Li Wenjie , Zhang Xiang , Yan Dukang , Wang Lebin , Sun Wenhai , Li Zitong , Deng Jianbo , Zhao Jiupeng , Li Yao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractElectrochromic devices (ECDs) are a hot pot due to their significant energy‐saving effect in green buildings. However, the ECDs suffer from degradation induced by ion trapping during cycling, which restricts their further development. Here, it is demonstrated that the electrochromic performance of the degraded ECDs can be rejuvenated by heat treatment method The release mechanism of trapped ions in films is simulated and validated using three types of ECDs. The semi‐solid‐state ECD evinces a state of near‐failure at low temperatures can regain its initial performance by heating. All‐solid‐state ECDs, including amorphous WO3 (a‐WO3 ECD) and crystalline WO3 (c‐WO3 ECD) as the electrochromic layer, can also release the trapped ions and regain the performance (97.3% and 95.5% of initial optical modulation) by annealing, regardless of the way of degradation. The research has extended the lifespan of multiple ECDs, providing significant practical value and promoting sustainable, and eco‐friendly development.
Genomic prediction with machine learning in sugarcane, a complex highly polyploid clonally propagated crop with substantial non‐additive variation for key traits
Authors: Chen Chensong , Powell Owen , Dinglasan Eric , Ross Elizabeth M. , Yadav Seema , Wei Xianming , Atkin Felicity , Deomano Emily , Hayes Ben J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSugarcane has a complex, highly polyploid genome with multi‐species ancestry. Additive models for genomic prediction of clonal performance might not capture interactions between genes and alleles from different ploidies and ancestral species. As such, genomic prediction in sugarcane presents an interesting case for machine learning (ML) methods, which are purportedly able to deal with high levels of complexity in prediction. Here, we investigated deep learning (DL) neural networks, including multilayer networks (MLP) and convolution neural networks (CNN), and an ensemble machine learning approach, random forest (RF), for genomic prediction in sugarcane. The data set used was 2912 sugarcane clones, scored for 26,086 genome wide single nucleotide polymorphism markers, with final assessment trial data for total cane harvested (TCH), commercial cane sugar (CCS), and fiber content (Fiber). The clones in the latest trial (2017) were used as a validation set. We compared prediction accuracy of these methods to genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) extended to include dominance and epistatic effects. The prediction accuracies from GBLUP models were up to 0.37 for TCH, 0.43 for CCS, and 0.48 for Fiber, while the optimized ML models had prediction accuracies of 0.35 for TCH, 0.38 for CCS, and 0.48 for Fiber. Both RF and DL neural network models have comparable predictive ability with the additive GBLUP model but are less accurate than the extended GBLUP model.
Surgical excision of an extradural intraspinal synovial cyst at the foramen magnum in a dog
Authors: Coppola Mario , Tabanez Joana , Saunders Fritha C. , Hermann Annika , Carrete Jordina Caldero , Whittaker Danielle E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA 6‐year‐old, female, neutered labrador retriever was presented for investigation of cervical pain. At initial presentation, pain was localised to the cervical region. No neurological deficits were observed. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an extra‐axial cyst‐like lesion at the level of the foramen magnum, with extension into the caudal fossa. Conservative management, which included activity restriction and a 4‐week course of corticosteroids failed to resolve the clinical signs, and the cyst was eventually surgically excised. Histological examination of the sample submitted confirmed a synovial cyst. The dog recovered uneventfully after surgery and remained pain free until the last follow‐up (9 months). Thus, surgical excision of an extradural intraspinal synovial cyst in a dog provided resolution of the clinical signs.
Electrokinetic peristaltic transport of Bingham‐Papanastasiou fluid via porous media
Authors: Aslam Farida , Noreen Saima 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAn important rheological mathematical model is created to investigate the rheological impacts of slip velocity and varied zeta potentials in an inclined asymmetric channel. The flow is taken in an isotropic porous medium and is governed by Bingham‐Papanastasiou model. The membrane based pumping analysis is done in a wave frame of reference moving with the speed of the wave. Flow model is simplified by considering small wave number δ, small Reynolds number and small Peclet number . The emerging linearized non‐dimensional system of equations is evaluated for analytical and numerical methods. The effects of sundry parameters on pumping, temperature θ, axial velocity u and trapping have been studied graphically. The viscous model is retrieved for Bingham number , or stress growth parameter . Finally, the effects of relevant parameters on heat transfer rate and shear stress at walls are discussed numerically. The results show that more pressure is required to flow same amount of fluid in an inclined channel. The temperature field θ is boosted by both the Bingham number and the continuation parameter M. It is also observed that different zeta potentials and velocity slip conditions are significant phenomena to influence channel flow. A pumping‐based device can be built using the existing model to combine and filter physiological samples and chemicals as well as to visualize the transit of physiological fluids.
What Can We Learn from the Educational Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Reimers Fernando M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter provides a conceptual foundation for the book, discussing how the COVID-19 pandemic created an opportunity to re-examine the relationship of schools to society. The chapter introduces the study, examines the educational effects which could have been expected from the pandemic, reviews some of the available empirical evidence about such effects, introduces each chapter, and discusses the theoretical implications of the study.
Fragility Compounded: The State of the South African Educational System in the Aftermath of Covid-19
Authors: Soudien Crain , Reddy Vijay , Harvey Jaqueline 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this chapter we undertake an assessment of how Covid-19 impacted the South African education system two years on. Our argument is that COVID-19 compounded the challenges of an inherently fragile education system. Important elements of this system were precipitously weakened as budget cuts were instituted and funds for infrastructural maintenance diverted towards emergency requirements. The chapter begins with a description of the major structural features of the South African education system that were there before the pandemic, highlighting the country’s racialised and classed inequalities. It then describes how government, labour unions, parents and civil society, including non-governmental organisations, responded. The chapter then estimates the losses on contact time, dropouts, and learning. Extrapolating from annual achievement studies conducted in one province, we estimate that after two years of COVID-19-related losses, the national achievement scores were even lower than what we earlier estimated. Our analysis showed that the most fragile parts of the system, serving the poor, struggled to sustain basic levels of functionality. The privileged parts of the education system also experienced further learning losses. Ground previously gained due to targeted intervention was severely eroded. The contribution ends with an evaluation of the responses of the South African government using the ideas presented by the International Commission on the Futures of Education.
Leaning into the Leapfrog Moment: Redesigning American Schools in a Post-Pandemic World
Authors: Audrain R. Lennon , Basile Carole G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPost-pandemic, the United States education system is challenged by substantial declines in student achievement as indicated by declining National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) scores, heightening teacher dissatisfaction, and decreases in teachers’ commitment to the teaching profession. All pose threats to the longevity of schools and schooling. Additionally, while American schools have received an influx of billions of dollars through Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Funds to assist in remedying instructional loss, many of the initiatives these funds are being used for are temporary and provisional. These initiatives also miss the silver lining and leapfrog moment that the pandemic has offered American schooling. In this chapter, we present student and teacher outcomes in the United States from the past two years during the pandemic. We then detail how American schools have the opportunity to embrace a new norm for teaching and learning, which we call the Next Education Workforce. Finally, we discuss the initial findings of teachers’ participation in these models, which hold implications for what teaching and learning could be in a post-pandemic world.
Interplay between dark matter and leptogenesis in a common framework
Authors: Qi XinXin , Sun Hao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We consider the interplay between dark matter and leptogenesis in a common framework, where three right-handed neutrinos, one fermionic dark matter and two singlet scalars are introduced into the Standard Model. The mixing of the two singlet scalars not only determines the dark matter relic density but also connects right-handed neutrino with dark matter. We consider that the baryon asymmetry is generated via the resonant leptogenesis and the right-handed neutrino masses are at the TeV level. We consider a viable parameter space satisfying the relic density constraint, and the parameter space is more flexible in the case of a larger mixing angle. We found that the existence of dark matter in the model can not only dilute the baryon asymmetry but can also generate a larger baryon asymmetry due to the process of dark matter annihilation into a pair of right-handed neutrinos. Both the dilution effect and enhanced effect can occur so that influence the observed baryon asymmetry.
A global analysis of axion-like particle interactions using SMEFT fits
Authors: Biekötter Anke , Fuentes-Martín Javier , Galda Anne Mareike , Neubert Matthias 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In the presence of axions or axion-like particles (ALPs) that couple to the Standard Model via dimension-five interactions, dimension-six SMEFT interactions are generated via renormalization-group evolution. As many of these SMEFT contributions are experimentally tightly constrained, this “ALP-SMEFT interference” can be used to derive indirect bounds on the ALP couplings to the Standard Model particles. We present a global analysis of the Wilson coefficients of the ALP effective Lagrangian based on Higgs, top, and low-energy data. The obtained bounds are model independent and are competitive or even stronger than direct bounds in the GeV to TeV ALP-mass range.
Human CD34+-derived complete plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cell vaccine effectively induces antigen-specific CD8+ T cell and NK cell responses in vitro and in vivo
Authors: van Eck van der Sluijs Jesper , van Ens Diede , Brummelman Jolanda , Heister Daan , Sareen Aastha , Truijen Lisa , van Ingen Schenau Dorette S. , Heemskerk Mirjam H. M. , Griffioen Marieke , Kester Michel G. D. , Schaap Nicolaas P. M. , Jansen Joop H. , van der Waart Anniek B. , Dolstra Harry , Hobo Willemijn 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAllogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) can be curative for hemato-oncology patients due to effective graft-versus-tumor immunity. However, relapse remains the major cause of treatment failure, emphasizing the need for adjuvant immunotherapies. In this regard, post-transplantation dendritic cell (DC) vaccination is a highly interesting strategy to boost graft-versus-tumor responses. Previously, we developed a clinically applicable protocol for simultaneous large-scale generation of end-stage blood DC subsets from donor-derived CD34+ stem cells, including conventional type 1 and 2 DCs (cDC1s and cDC2s), and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). In addition, the total cultured end-product (DC-complete vaccine), also contains non-end-stage-DCs (i.e. non-DCs). In this study, we aimed to dissect the phenotypic identity of these non-DCs and their potential immune modulatory functions on the potency of cDCs and pDCs in stimulating tumor-reactive CD8+ T and NK cell responses, in order to obtain rationale for clinical translation of our DC-complete vaccine. The non-DC compartment was heterogeneous and comprised of myeloid progenitors and (immature) granulocyte- and monocyte-like cells. Importantly, non-DCs potentiated toll-like receptor-induced DC maturation, as reflected by increased expression of co-stimulatory molecules and enhanced cDC-derived IL-12 and pDC-derived IFN-α production. Additionally, antigen-specific CD8+ T cells effectively expanded upon DC-complete vaccination in vitro and in vivo. This effect was strongly augmented by non-DCs in an antigen-independent manner. Moreover, non-DCs did not impair in vitro DC-mediated NK cell activation, degranulation nor cytotoxicity. Notably, in vivo i.p. DC-complete vaccination activated i.v. injected NK cells. Together, these data demonstrate that the non-DC compartment potentiates DC-mediated activation and expansion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and do not impair NK cell responses in vitro and in vivo. This underscores the rationale for further clinical translation of our CD34+-derived DC-complete vaccine in hemato-oncology patients post alloSCT.
Association between timing and consistency of physical activity and type 2 diabetes: a cohort study on participants of the UK Biobank
Authors: Tian Caiwei , Bürki Charlyne , Westerman Kenneth E. , Patel Chirag J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
We sought to quantify the relationship between morning, afternoon or evening physical activity and consistency (e.g. routine) and risk of type 2 diabetes.

Methods
A cohort of 93,095 UK Biobank participants (mean age 62 years) without a history of type 2 diabetes wore a wrist-worn accelerometer for 1 week. We converted accelerometer information to estimate metabolic equivalent of task (MET), summing MET h of total physical activity completed within three intra-day time segments (morning, afternoon and evening). We quantified physical activity consistency as the SD of participants’ daily total physical activity. We ultimately associated each of the following with incident type 2 diabetes: (1) morning, afternoon or evening ‘time-segmented’ MET h per week; and (2) consistency. We also considered moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and vigorous physical activity (VPA) in association with type 2 diabetes incidence.

Results
When considering MET as the physical activity measure, we observed protective associations of morning (HR 0.90 [95% CI 0.86, 0.93], p=7×10−8) and afternoon (HR 0.91 [95% CI 0.87, 0.95], p=1×10−5) but did not have evidence for evening physical activity (HR 0.95 [95% CI 0.90, 1.00], p=0.07) with type 2 diabetes. There was no difference between MET-measured morning and afternoon physical activity. Our substitution model highlighted the importance of adjusting for lifestyle factors (e.g. sleep time and diet); the effect of a substitution between afternoon and evening physical activity was attenuated after adjustment for lifestyle variables. Consistency of MET-measured physical activity was not associated with type 2 diabetes (p=0.07). MVPA and VPA were associated with decreased risk for type 2 diabetes at all times of the day.

Conclusions/interpretation
Total metabolic equivalents of physical activity in the morning and afternoon had a protective effect on diabetes risk and evening activity was not associated with diabetes. Consistency of physical activity did not play a role in decreasing risk for diabetes. Vigorous activity is associated with lower risk no matter the time of day of activity.

Graphical Abstract
Social isolation, social media use, and poor mental health among older adults, California Health Interview Survey 2019–2020
Authors: Siddiq Hafifa , Teklehaimanot Senait , Guzman Ariz 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Older adults’ engagement on social media may be a resource to reduce loneliness and improve mental health. Purpose: This study aimed to examine loneliness and social media use and its association with severe psychological distress among older adults and whether social media use moderated the association of loneliness on severe psychological distress among older adults.

Methods
This study is a secondary analysis of the 2019–2020 California Health Interview Survey. The Kessler 6-item Psychological Distress Scale (K6) assessed symptoms of psychological distress, with a K6 score ≥ 13 associated with severe mental illness. Loneliness was measured using a revised Three Item Loneliness Scale (TILS) score. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between loneliness and severe psychological distress.

Results
Loneliness, health status, and identification as Asian, remained strong predictors of severe psychological distress among older adults when adjusting for other factors. In bivariate analysis, high-frequent social media users, but did not remain significant when accounting for covariates. Social media use did not moderate the association between loneliness and severe psychological distress.

Conclusion
This study underscores the significant impact of loneliness on poor mental health among older adults, emphasizing that while frequent social media use correlates with severe psychological distress, it may not alleviate the association of loneliness on poor mental health, thus highlighting the urgent need to address social isolation and promote genuine social connectedness, particularly among Asian older adults.
Ehresmann–Schein–Nambooripad theorems for classes of biunary semigroups
Authors: Stokes Tim 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe obtain an ESN theorem for a very general class of biunary semigroups with idempotent-valued domain and range operations, representing them in terms of small categories equipped with a suitable biaction of the identities on the category. Our results generalise the recent work of Fitzgerald and Kinyon connecting localisable semigroups to transcription categories, as well as that of Lawson linking Ehresmann semigroups to categories with Ehresmann biaction. In contrast to most approaches to ESN theorems, we do not require the categories to be ordered or for their sets of identities to possess any particular structure. Throughout, the biunary semigroups are represented using categories rather than generalised categories of any kind, and we obtain category isomorphisms between the clesses of semigroups and their associated enriched categories, rather than category equivalences. Our results cover the class of DRC-semigroups considered by Jones and Shoufeng Wang, but they also cover cases where not both congruence conditions hold, including examples such as the semigroup of binary relations on a set under demonic composition equipped with domain and range operations.
Analysis of image data from the EuroNet PHL-C2 trial indicates a potential reduction in injected F-18 FDG activities in children: a proposal to update the EANM Paediatric Dosage Card
Authors: Tran-Gia Johannes , Eberlein Uta , Lassmann Michael , Mauz-Körholz Christine , Körholz Dieter , Zuccetta Pietro , Bar-Sever Zvi , Rosner Ute , Georgi Thomas Walter , Sabri Osama , Kluge Regine , Piccardo Arnoldo , Kurch Lars 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The aim of this work is to provide the currently missing evidence that may allow an update of the Paediatric Dosage Card provided by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) for conventional PET/CT systems.

Methods
In a total of 2082 consecutive [18F]FDG-PET scans performed within the EuroNet-PHL-C2 trial, the administered [18F]FDG activity was compared to the activity recommended by the EANM Paediatric Dosage Card. None of these scans had been rejected beforehand by the reference nuclear medicine panel of the trial because of poor image quality. For detailed quality assessment, a subset of 91 [18F]FDG-PET scans, all performed in different patients at staging, was selected according to pre-defined criteria, which (a) included only patients who had received substantially lower activities than those recommended by the EANM Paediatric Dosage Card, and (b) included as wide a range of different PET systems and imaging parameters as possible to ensure that the conclusions drawn in this work are as generally valid as possible. The image quality of the subset was evaluated visually by two independent readers using a quality scoring system as well as analytically based on a volume-of-interest analysis in 244 lesions and the healthy liver. Finally, recommendations for an update of the EANM Paediatric Dosage Card were derived based on the available data.

Results
The activity recommended by the EANM Paediatric Dosage Card was undercut by a median of 99.4 MBq in 1960 [18F]FDG-PET scans and exceeded by a median of 15.1 MBq in 119 scans. In the subset analysis (n = 91), all image data were visually classified as clinically useful. In addition, only a very weak correlation (r = 0.06) between activity reduction and tumour-to-background ratio was found. Due to the intended heterogeneity of the dataset, the noise could not be analysed statistically sound as the high range of different imaging variables resulted in very small subsets. Finally, a suggestion for an update of the EANM Paediatric Dosage Card was developed, based on the analysis presented, resulting in a mean activity reduction by 39%.

Conclusion
The results of this work allow for a conservative update of the EANM Paediatric Dosage Card for [18F]FDG-PET/CT scans performed with conventional PET/CT systems.

Graphical abstract