bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation study of integrated‐gate‐commutated‐thyristor based superconducting hybrid direct current circuit breaker
Authors: Junaid Muhammad , Yu Wenqing , Cao Shuzhi , Yu Xiaolong , Yu Dongsheng , Zong Weilin , Wang Jianhua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith the development of a distributed generation, direct current (DC) load and energy‐storage equipment, voltage‐source‐converter‐based medium‐voltage DC systems (VSC‐MVDC) have attracted more attention due to its low power consumption, high reliability, independent power control and so on. However, VSC‐MVDC has the problem of DC fault isolation, which requires the fast‐acting DC circuit‐breakers to isolate faulty lines and ensure low cost. This problem can be solved by coordinating resistive type superconducting‐fault‐current‐limiter (R‐SFCL) and integrated‐gate‐commutated‐thyristor (IGCT) based hybrid circuit breaker. Based on this, IGCT based superconducting DC circuit breaker (SDCCB) is proposed and analysed. Combining R‐SFCL with IGCT could realise large current limiting and interruption and ensure low cost. In addition, the IGCT based hybrid DC circuit breaker (IGCT‐HDCCB) is compared with the traditional insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) based hybrid DC circuit breaker (IGBT‐HDCCB) to evaluate which circuit breaker is more suitable for VSC‐MVDC. The results show that, coordination based on R‐SFCL and SDCCB, the fault current is successfully limited from 17.6 to 2.1 kA, and then interrupted within 3.8 ms. In addition, IGCT‐HDCCB overcomes the disadvantage that IGCT has less interrupting capacity than IGBT, retains the advantage of low cost of IGCT and is more suitable for MVDC system.
Global spatio‐temporal dynamic capturing network‐based traffic flow prediction
Authors: Sun Haoran , Wei Yanling , Huang Xueliang , Gao Shan , Song Yuhang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCapturing the complex spatio‐temporal relationships of traffic roads is essential to accurately predict traffic flow data. Traditional models typically collect spatial and temporal relationships and increase the complexity of the model by considering connected and unconnected roads. However, global road networks are dynamic and hidden connectivity relationships generally undergo variations over time. A deterministic single‐connection correlation inevitably limits the learning capability of the model. In this paper, the authors propose a global spatio‐temporal dynamic capturing network (GSTDCN) for traffic flow prediction. First, the global encoding module based on the attention mechanism is set up to describe the dynamic spatio‐temporal relationships. It is shown that GSTDCN can learn the hidden node information by spatial correlation at different times. Meanwhile, an effective temporal prediction module is constructed, which facilitates the data augmentation and improves the prediction results of GSTDCN. The model is experimented on four public transportation datasets, and the results show that the GSTDCN outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art baseline.
Nearly‐optimal control for energy, thermal, and storage loads with energy disaggregation monitoring: A case of residential management for the elderly
Authors: Tsaknakis Christos , Korkas Christos , Pippi Kalliopi , Athanasiadis Christos , Alexopoulou Vasiliki , Kosmatopoulos Elias , Nikolaidis Vassilis C. , Papadopoulos Theofilos 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe increase in the ageing of the population calls for advanced monitoring and actuation systems for the smart control and management of elderly households that should manage to optimise multi‐objective control problems. This study proposes a state‐of‐art approach, based on Approximate Dynamic Programming, that tackles multiple challenges, aiming to maximise the energy efficiency, the electricity cost reduction, the user comfort, and the load monitoring of a typical Greek residency (simulated in EnergyPlus), including both controllable and uncontrollable loads, an energy storage system, and power generation units. The article presents the various simulated loads, pricing schemes under Greek regulations and variety of control strategies that are co‐ordinately used to minimise the defined objective functions in contrast to the current state‐of‐the‐art approaches. The latter either focus on single objective problems or use simpler iterative and often limited to specific variables, approaches for multi‐objective control. Finally, the presented results provide insights for the optimal and safe residential management and validate the performance of the proposed control strategy in comparison with alternative demand response strategies, offering improved performance by 20% in terms of energy efficiency, cost reduction, and thermal comfort.
High-resolution imaging of solar pores
Authors: Kamlah R. , Verma M. , Denker C. , Wang H. 
Published: May 2023

Context.Light bridges are bright, long, and narrow features that are typically connected to the formation or decay processes of sunspots and pores.Aims.The interaction of magnetic fields and plasma flows is investigated in the trailing part of an active region, where pores and magnetic knots evolve into a complex sunspot. The goal is to identify the photospheric and chromospheric processes, which transform the mainly vertical magnetic fields of pores into a sunspot with multiple umbral cores, light bridges, and rudimentary penumbrae.Methods.Conducting observations with a broad variety of telescopes and instruments provides access to different atmospheric layers and the changing morphology of features connected to strong magnetic fields. While the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) provides full-disk continuum images and line-of-sight magnetograms, the fine structure and flows around a pore can be deduced from high-resolution observations in various wavelengths as provided by theGoodeSolar Telescope (GST) at the Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO). Horizontal proper motions are evaluated applying local correlation tracking (LCT) to the available time series, whereas the connectivity of sunspot features can be established using the background-subtracted activity maps (BaSAMs).Results.Photospheric flow maps indicate radial outflows, where the light bridge connects to the surrounding granulation, whereas inflows are present at the border of the pores. In contrast, the chromospheric flow maps show strong radial outflows at superpenumbral scales, even in the absence of a penumbra in the photosphere. The region in between the two polarities is characterized by expanding granules creating strong divergence centers. Variations in BaSAMs follow locations of significant and persistent changes in and around pores. The resulting maps indicate low variations along the light bridge, as well as thin hairlines connecting the light bridge to the pores and strong variations at the border of pores. Various BaSAMs demonstrate the interaction of pores with the surrounding supergranular cell. The Hαline-of-sight velocity maps provide further insights into the flow structure, with twisted motions along some of the radial filaments around the pore with the light bridge. Furthermore, flows along filaments connecting the two polarities of the active region are pronounced in the line-of-sight velocity maps.Conclusions.The present observations reveal that even small-scale changes of plasma motions in and around pores are conducive to transform pores into sunspots. In addition, chromospheric counterparts of penumbral filaments appear much earlier than the penumbral filaments in the photosphere. Penumbra formation is aided by a stable magnetic feature that anchors the advection of magnetic flux and provides a connection to the surrounding supergranular cell, whereas continuously emerging flux and strong light bridges are counteragents that affect the appearance and complexity of sunspots and their penumbrae.
Du modèle établi au terrain en humanités en santé
Authors: Vanhoutte Lucie 
Published: May 2023

Cet article explore les interactions entre « terrain » et outils théoriques à partir de l’étude d’un cas, celui d’une approche anthropologique de la transition nutritionnelle chez les adultes, en milieu rural, au Sénégal. Le terrain est ici défini à la fois comme un espace aux contours définis par le projet de recherche, d’où sont extraites les données étudiées, et comme une forme d’expérience de recherche, « faire du terrain ». Notre étude de cas mobilise un modèle théorique, celui de la transition nutritionnelle, qui a vocation à décrire, à l’échelle mondiale, l’imbrication de changements à la fois épidémiologiques et socio-économiques. À quelles conditions l’étude d’un terrain donné peut-elle s’appuyer sur ce type de modèle, qui est par essence généraliste et donc, dans une certaine mesure inadapté à la complexité de toute réalité située ?
Roman κ-domination revisited
Authors: Abd Aziz Noor A’lawiah , Jafari Rad Nader , Kamarulhaili Hailiza 
Published: May 2023

Kammerling and Volkmann [J. Korean Math. Soc. 46 (2009) 1309–1318] introduced the concept of Roman κ-domination in graphs. For a fixed positive integer κ, a function f : V(G) → {0, 1, 2} is a Roman κ-dominating function on G if every vertex valued 0 under f is adjacent to at least κ vertices valued 2 under f. In this paper, inspired by the concept of alliances in graphs, we revisit the concept of Roman κ-domination by not-fixing κ. We prove upper bounds for the new variant in cactus graphs and characterize cactus graph achieving equality for the given bound. We also present a probabilistic upper bound for this variant.
Mehr Leichtigkeit für schwere Beine
Authors: Welsch Katja 
Published: May 2023

SummaryVarikosis ist weitverbreitet: Etwa die Hälfte der Bevölkerung ist davon betroffen. Allerdings ist die Venenschwäche nur in 10 % der Fälle medizinisch relevant ausgeprägt. Die Gefäßveränderung – umgangssprachlich auch Krampfadern genannt – hängt sowohl von der Veranlagung als auch von den Lebensumständen der Patienten ab. Die homöopathischen Arzneien, die hier vorgestellt werden, können die Beschwerden im akuten wie im chronischen Kontext verbessern und selbst bei Ulzeration als begleitende Therapie hilfreich sein.
Synthesis of Bioactive Macrocycles Involving Ring-Closing Metathesis Strategy
Authors: Ansary Inul , Jahan Nasrin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis review reports the synthesis of various bioactive macrocycles, involving ring-closing metathesis as a key step, developed since ca. 2000. These macrocycles exhibited biological activities such as antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, and anticancer activities, and more. Thus, their syntheses and utilization are essential for both synthetic organic and medicinal chemists.
Exploring the Impact of Two Feedback Types on Speech Intelligibility, Precision, and Naturalness
Authors: Bislick Lauren , Thakar Ashka , Madden Elizabeth Brookshire 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis pilot study examined the impact of feedback type on learning a novel speech task, as measured by listener ratings, and will inform procedures for future investigations within a larger sample size. Twenty-four native monolingual English-speaking college-aged adults participated in a single training session to learn novel Hindi phrases. Participants were randomly placed into one of three feedback groups: knowledge of performance (KP), knowledge of results (KR), or a combined KP + KR condition. Participant performance was assessed at 1 day and 1 week post-training. Participant responses were audio recorded and judged for intelligibility, precision, and naturalness by native Hindi speakers, blind to the feedback conditions, via rating scales. At 2 days post-training, participants in the KP and KP + KR feedback conditions were rated as performing better than participants in the KR condition on all three perceptual measures. At 1 week post-training, participants in the KP feedback condition were judged to be superior across all three perceptual measures. Preliminary findings suggest that augmented feedback enhances learning, especially when skills are considered novel and learners are unable to rely on their own internal feedback. These results may have implications for the application of motor learning principles into clinical practice for persons with motor speech disorders.
Molecular Screening for Urothelial Cancer: How Close We Are?
Authors: Michas Athanasios , Michas Basileios , Tsitsibis Anastasios , Tsoukalas Nikolaos 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEarly detection of urothelial cancer offers the potential for effective and successful treatment. Despite previous efforts, currently, there is not a well-validated, recommended screening program in any country. This integrative, literature-based review provides details on how recent molecular advances may further advance early tumor detection. The minimally invasive liquid biopsy is capable of identifying tumor material in human fluid samples from asymptomatic individuals. Circulating tumor biomarkers (cfDNA, exosomes, etc.) are very promising and are attracting the interest of numerous studies for the diagnosis of early-stage cancer. However, this approach definitely needs to be refined before clinical implementation. Nevertheless, despite the variety of current obstacles that require further research, the prospect of identifying urothelial carcinoma by a single urine or blood test seems truly intriguing.
Manipulating plasma turbulence in cross-field plasma sources using unsteady electrostatic forcing
Authors: Rose Benedict I , Knoll Aaron 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Unsteady electrostatic forcing is investigated as a method for manipulating turbulent plasma behaviour within Hall-effect thrusters and similar cross-field plasma devices using a simplified one-dimensional three-velocity azimuthal electrostatic particle-in-cell simulation. A wide range of axial electric field forcing frequencies from 1 MHz up to 10 GHz at amplitudes of 10 V cm−1, 50 V cm−1 and 100 V cm−1 are applied to the plasma and the response is evaluated against a baseline case defined by the community benchmark LANDMARK Test Case 1. ‘Tailoring’ of plasma parameters, such as the electron cross-field mobility, is demonstrated via manipulation of the electron drift instability using unsteady forcing. Excitation of the unstable electron cyclotron modes by the electron drift instability is shown to be able to produce a reduction of the resultant electron cross-field mobility of the plasma by up to 50% compared to the baseline value. Additionally, forcing at the electron cyclotron frequency appears to be capable of increasing cross-field mobility by up to 2000%. Implications of the results for direct drive electric propulsion systems and improved current utilization efficiencies for Hall-effect thrusters are discussed.
Electrokinetic ion enrichment in asymmetric charged nanochannels
Authors: Gao Chunfang , Zhong Shile , Liu Zheng , Li Changzheng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Artificial bionic nanochannels have attracted wide attention and successfully used in various fields. In this work, a novel nanochannel with asymmetric surface charge is proposed to investigate the ion enrichment effect. The results show that the proposed nanochannel has excellent ion enrichment performance and the obtained ion enrichment ratio is up to 1500 when the ion concentration is 0.01 mM, which is much higher than precedent researches typically ranging from tens to hundreds. Besides, we found that the forward voltage bias will produce ions enrichment and the reverse voltage bias will produce ions depletion. The ion enrichment ratio is higher at the larger voltage bias, absolute surface charge density and smaller nanochannel height. In addition, the ion enrichment performance is more sensitive to the change of charged wall length and not sensitive to the change of uncharged wall length. The research report offers important information and instructions for the design and optimum on ion enrichment performance.
Determining the centres of mass of a circular arc and a circular sector using the principle of virtual work
Authors: Manukyan Vardan , Nikoghosyan Gagik 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In studying physics, it is important to solve problems with different methods and compare current and final results, which allows more comprehensive and deep analysis of the observed processes. In this paper, at a level of school physics course, the application of the principle of virtual work is presented as an alternative to the standard method for solving problems of statics. Two approaches are used to analyse two problems, as a result of which, without the use of integral calculus, formulas for the centres of mass of a circular arc and a circular sector are obtained.
Investigation of multi-fingers drain field plate in dual-threshold coupling AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors for optimizing linearity at high electrical fields in the Ka band
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Mi Minhan , Chen Yilin , an Sirui , Zhou Yuwei , Zhou Jiuding , Zhao Ziyue , Zhu Qing , Du Xiang , Gong Can , Li Ming , Ma Xiaohua , Hao Yue 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
GaN high electron mobility transistors were fabricated and investigated in detail to improve their linearity at high operating voltage. The scheme of dual-threshold (DT) coupling was adopted to mitigate the transconductance (G
m) nonlinearity and a multi-fingers drain field plate (MF-DFP) was employed to alleviate the high electric field. The proposed GaN HEMT, integrating the DT technique (DT HEMT) and MF-DFP structure (DT HEMT W/ MF-DFP), yielded a G
m plateau of ∼5.5 V and a ∼8 dB improvement in the calculated output third-order intercept point(OIP3) than that of DT HEMT. The load-pull measurements at 30 GHz delivered a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 52.5 % at V
ds = 10 V, and saturation output power density (P
out) of 5.5 W mm−1 at V
ds = 20 V. In comparison with the DT HEMT, the DT HEMT W/ MF-DFP obtained a flatter gain profile, with ∼1.5 dB improvement in gain compression at V
ds = 20 V.
Improved characteristics of MoS2 transistors with selective doping using 1,2-dichloroethane
Authors: Jeong Wonchae , Kim Taeyoung , Kim Yoonsok , Jeong Mun Seok , Kim Eun Kyu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We demonstrate area-selective doping of MoS2 field-effect transistors using 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) solution. In the device manufacturing process, area-selective chemical doping was used to implement contact engineering in the source/drain region. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy measurements were performed to confirm the blocked layer (BL) using a photoresist, which suppressed the doping effect of the DCE treatment. In the XPS results, the main core level of the MoS2 flake with BL did not shift, whereas that of the MoS2 flake without BL changed by approximately 0.24 eV. In the case of the MoS2 flakes with a BL, the vibrational modes of the Raman scattering did not shift. Conversely, the two Raman peaks of the MoS2 flake without BL red-shifted because of increasing electron–phonon scattering. The effect of area-selective doping was confirmed by electrical measurements. The field-effect mobility and the subthreshold swing were enhanced from 4.07 to 31.5 cm2 (V s)−1 and from 1.26 to 0.401 V/decade, respectively.
Exploring the suitability of narrow-bandgap compounds for thermoelectric application
Authors: Popoola A I , Odusote Y A , Ogunjo S T , Distasio R A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Different opinion exists regarding the role of bandgap size on thermoelectric variables. Motivated by the observation that the band shape can in a definite way affect thermoelectric properties, two compounds (BaSiSr and IrBiZr) have been evaluated for optimum thermoelectric application. The phonon spectrum, band structure, mechanical and thermoelectric properties of the two compounds were investigated using the density functional theory. The calculated bandgap size of the compounds are comparable (IrBiZr = 0.223 eV; BaSiSr = 0.220 eV). The valence energy edge peaked at the Fermi level for both compounds. The highest valence energy edge occurred at a single high symmetry point (Γ for IrBiZr) but at two symmetry points (X and W for BaSiSr). IrBiZr gave an overall superior performance over BaSiSr in the calculated elastic, thermodynamic and thermoelectric parameters. A lesser role for bandgap size can therefore be indicated in the design and optimization of novel thermoelectric materials in view of better results in favor of IrBiZr than BaSiSr.
Tunability of bandgap from UV to visible region by transition metal ion implantation in CeO2 and their electronic structures
Authors: Singh Anshu , Saini Richa , Kumar Pawan , Gupta Mukul , Kandasami Asokan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The present report examines the tunability of optical band gap by 150 keV Fe ion implantation in cerium oxide (CeO2) thin films and their electronic structures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms the stable FCC structure and these films lose their crystalline nature with increasing ion fluences. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) shows the morphology changes. Raman measurement exhibits the presence of defect states. UV–vis spectroscopy reveals that the optical band gap reduces from 3.14 eV to 2.70 eV. These results are well correlated with the electronic structure studies from the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The XPS indicates the existence of Ce3+ due to the replacement of Fe3+ which reduces the Ce4+ to Ce3+ ions. XAS at the Ce-M4,5 edge reveals the change in Ce4+→Ce3+ with Fe ion fluence and the O-K edge spectra show that the vacancies are introduced after Fe ion implantation. The edge shifting of the O-K edge confirmed the presence of Ce4+-VO-Ce3+ and Ce3+-VO-Fe3+ networks in Fe-implanted thin films. This reversible ability enables the CeO2-based nanomaterial for energy and environmental-related applications.
Simulation of cathode spots crater formation on electrodes with micro-scale and nano-scale alloy materials in a vacuum arc
Authors: Wang Lijun , Zhang Runming , Gao Hexiao , Li Jiagang , Wang Cong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the field of vacuum interrupting, an important research is to improve the erosion resistance properties of contacts. In this paper, a two-dimensional axisymmetric swirl model based on basic parameters has been proposed to describe the formation and development of cathode spots of micro-scale alloy and nano-scale alloy electrode in a vacuum arc. In this model, the peak ion density of the plasma cloud, the mean charge state in near-cathode region, the electron temperature, and the near-cathode voltage drop are adopted as external parameters. Ions and electrons originating from the plasma cloud, thermo-field (T-F) emission, vaporization of metal atoms, backing ions and back-diffused electrons are all taken into consideration. The morphology and temperature of cathode spots crater and the liquid metal velocity of pure copper electrode (Cu), copper-chromium (Cu-Cr) electrode and tungsten-copper (W-Cu) electrode under the conditions of micro-scale grains and nano-scale grains are compared, respectively. Simulation results show that the cathode spot crater of the Cu-Cr electrode is smaller than that of the pure copper electrode. Moreover, it can hold more current and inhibit the formation of new cathode spots nearby. Cathode spots appearing on tungsten grains are smaller in size and have a lower probability of forming liquid metal droplets than Cu-Cr electrodes. Contacts made of nano-scale grain alloys have stronger erosion resistance properties than that of micro-scale alloy contacts and can reduce the maximum temperature of the cathode. The simulation results are in good agreement with other researchers’ results.