bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of innovative therapies in myasthenia gravis: A systematic review, meta‐analysis and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Saccà Francesco , Pane Chiara , Espinosa Pablo Ezequiel , Sormani Maria Pia , Signori Alessio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeTherapy for myasthenia gravis (MG) is undergoing a profound change, with new treatments being tested. These include complement inhibitors and neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) blockers. The aim of this study was to perform a meta‐analysis and network meta‐analysis of randomized and placebo‐controlled trials of innovative therapies in MG with available efficacy data.MethodsWe assessed statistical heterogeneity across trials based on the Cochrane Q test and I2 values, and mean differences were pooled using the random‐effects model. Treatment efficacy was assessed after 26 weeks of eculizumab and ravulizumab, 28 days of efgartigimod, 43 days of rozanolixizumab, 12 weeks of zilucoplan, and 16, 24 or 52 weeks of rituximab treatment.ResultsWe observed an overall mean Myasthenia Gravis‐Activities of Daily Living scale (MG‐ADL) score change of −2.17 points (95% confidence interval [CI] −2.67, −1.67; p < 0.001) as compared to placebo. No significant difference emerged between complement inhibitors and anti‐FcRn treatment (p = 0.16). The change in Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis scale (QMG) score was −3.46 (95% CI −4.53, −2.39; p < 0.001), with a higher reduction with FcRns (−4.78 vs. −2.60; p < 0.001). Rituximab did not significantly improve the MG‐ADL (−0.92 [95% CI −2.24, 0.39]; p = 0.17) or QMG scores (−1.9 [95% CI −3.97, 0.18]; p = 0.07). In the network meta‐analysis, efgartigimod had the highest probability of being the best treatment, followed by rozanolixizumab.ConclusionAnti‐complement and FcRn treatments both proved to be effective in MG patients, whereas rituximab did not show a significant benefit for patients. Within the limitations of this meta‐analysis, including efficacy time points, FcRn treatments showed a greater effect on QMG score in the short term. Real‐life studies with long‐term measurements are needed to confirm our results.
T2‐Fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) pseudoprogression in patients with anaplastic oligodendrogliomas treated with procarbazine, lomustine and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy alone
Authors: Esparragosa Vazquez Inés , Ndiaye Mané , Di Stefano Anna Luisa , Younan Nadia , Larrieu‐Ciron Delphine , Seyve Antoine , Picart Thiébaud , Meyronet David , Boutet Claire , Vassal François , Carpentier Catherine , Figarella‐Branger Dominique , Dehais Caroline , Forest Fabien , Rivoirard Romain , Ducray François ,   POLA network
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPseudoprogression in gliomas has been extensively described after radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy, but not after chemotherapy alone. Here we describe the occurrence of pseudoprogression in patients with anaplastic oligodendrogliomas treated with postoperative procarbazine, lomustine and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy alone.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical and radiological files of patients with 1p/19q codeleted, IDH‐mutant anaplastic oligodendrogliomas treated with PCV chemotherapy alone who presented magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modifications suggestive of tumour progression and in whom the final diagnosis was a pseudoprogression.ResultsWe identified six patients. All patients underwent a surgical resection and were treated with PCV chemotherapy without radiotherapy. After a median of 11 months following the initiation of chemotherapy (range: 3–49 months), the patients developed asymptomatic white matter MRI modifications around the surgical cavity leading to the suspicion of a tumour progression. These modifications appeared as hyperintense on T2‐fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence, hypointense on T1 sequence, and lacked mass effect (0/6), contrast enhancement (0/6), restriction on diffusion‐weighted imaging (0/4), relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) increase on perfusion MRI (0/4), and hypermetabolism on 18F‐fluoro‐L‐dopa positron emission tomography (18F‐DOPA PET) scan (0/3). One patient underwent a surgical resection demonstrating no tumour recurrence; the five other patients were considered as having post‐therapeutic modifications based on imaging characteristics. After a median follow‐up of 4 years all patients were progression‐free.ConclusionsAnaplastic oligodendroglioma patients treated with postoperative PCV chemotherapy alone occasionally develop T2/FLAIR hyperintensities around the surgical cavity that can wrongly suggest tumour progression. Multimodal imaging and close follow‐up should be considered in this situation.
Associations of interdialytic weight gain in the long intervals with mortality and residual kidney function decline
Authors: Miyasato Yoshikazu , Hanna Ramy M. , Miyagi Tsuyoshi , Narasaki Yoko , Kimura Hiroshi , Morinaga Jun , Mukoyama Masashi , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kamyar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionInterdialytic weight gain (IDWG) is crucial in the association between long interdialytic intervals and mortality in hemodialysis patients. The impact of IDWG on changes in residual kidney function (RKF) has not been evaluated thoroughly. This study examined the associations of IDWG in the long intervals (IDWGL) with mortality and rapid RKF decline.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients who initiated hemodialysis in the United States dialysis centers from 2007 to 2011. IDWGL was defined as IDWG in the two‐day break between dialysis sessions. This study examined the associations of seven categories of IDWGL (0% to <1%, 1% to <2%, 2% to <3% [reference], 3% to <4%, 4% to <5%, 5% to <6%, and ≥6%) with mortality using Cox regression models and rapid decline of renal urea clearance (KRU) using logistic regression models. The continuous relationships between IDWGL and study outcomes were investigated using restricted cubic spline analyses.FindingsMortality and rapid RKF decline were assessed in 35,225 and 6425 patients, respectively. Higher IDWGL categories were linked to increased risk of adverse outcomes. The multivariate adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of all‐cause mortality for 3% to <4%, 4% to <5%, 5% to <6%, and ≥6% IDWGL were 1.09 (1.02–1.16), 1.14 (1.06–1.22), 1.16 (1.06–1.28), and 1.25 (1.13–1.37), respectively. The multivariate adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of rapid decline of KRU for 3% to <4%, 4% to <5%, 5% to <6%, and ≥6% IDWGL were 1.03 (0.90–1.19), 1.29 (1.08–1.55), 1.17 (0.92–1.49), and 1.48 (1.13–1.95), respectively. When IDWGL exceeded 2%, the hazard ratios of mortality and the odds ratios of rapid KRU decline continuously increased.DiscussionHigher IDWGL was incrementally associated with higher mortality risk and rapid KRU decline. IDWGL level over 2% was linked to higher risk of adverse outcomes. Therefore, IDWGL may be utilized as a risk parameter for mortality and RKF decline.
Detection of novel therapies using a multi‐national, multi‐institutional registry of cutaneous immune‐related adverse events and management
Authors: Mital Rohan , Otto Tracey S. , Savu Andrei , Baumrin Emily , Cardones Adela R. , Carlesimo Marta , Caro Gemma , Freites‐Martinez Azael , Hirner Jesse P. , Markova Alina , McLellan Beth N. , Rossi Alfredo , Sauder Maxwell B. , Seminario‐Vidal Lucia , Sibaud Vincent , Owen Dwight H. , Dulmage Brittany O. , Chen Steven T. , Kaffenberger Benjamin H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous immune‐related adverse events (cirAEs) remain a prevalent and common sequelae of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, often necessitating treatment interruption and prolonged immune suppression. Treatment algorithms are still poorly defined, based on single‐institution case reports without adequate safety assessments, and subject to publication bias.MethodsData in this registry were collected through a standardized REDCap form distributed to dermatologists via email listserv.ResultsNinety‐seven cirAEs were reported from 13 institutions in this registry. Topical and systemic steroids were the most common treatments used; however, targeted treatment matched to disease morphology was identified at numerous sites. Novel cirAE therapy uses that to our knowledge have not been previously described were captured including tacrolimus for the treatment of follicular, bullous, and eczematous eruptions and phototherapy for eczematous eruptions. Moreover, further evidence of cirAE treatment applications sparsely described in literature were also captured in this study including dupilumab and rituximab for bullous eruptions, phototherapy for lichenoid and psoriasiform eruptions, and acitretin for psoriasiform eruptions, among others. No serious adverse events were reported. Numerous targeted therapeutics including dupilumab, rituximab, and psoriasis biologics, among others, were associated with a cirAE grade improvement of ≥2 grades in every patient treated.ConclusionThis study suggests that a multi‐institutional registry of cirAEs and management is not only feasible but that the information collected can be used to detect, evaluate, and rigorously assess targeted treatments for cirAEs. Further expansion and modification to include treatment progression may allow for sufficient data for specific treatment recommendations to be made.
Modelling the cost‐effectiveness of subepidermal moisture measurement as part of a process of assessment and intervention to prevent hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers
Authors: Posnett John William , Moss Joe William Edward , Michaelwaite Lewis Ian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSkin tissue assessment is traditionally used to identify early signs of pressure damage from changes observed at the skin surface. However, the early onset of tissue damage induced by pressure and shear forces is likely to be on soft tissues beneath the surface of the skin. Subepidermal moisture (SEM) is a biophysical marker for the detection of early and deep pressure‐induced tissue damage. Measurement of SEM can detect early pressure ulcers up to 5 days before visible skin changes occur. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of SEM measurement compared with visual skin assessment (VSA). A decision‐tree model was developed. Outcomes are the incidence of hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers, quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) and costs to the UK National Health Service. Costs are at 2020/21 prices. The effects of parameter uncertainty are tested in univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. In a representative NHS acute hospital, the incremental cost of SEM assessment as an adjunct to VSA is −£8.99 per admission, and SEM assessment is expected to reduce the incidence of hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers by 21.1%, reduce NHS costs and lead to a gain of 3.634 QALYs. The probability of cost‐effectiveness at a threshold of £30 000 per quality‐adjusted life year is 61.84%. Pathways that include SEM assessment make it possible to implement early and anatomy‐specific interventions which have the potential to improve the effectiveness of pressure ulcer prevention and reduce healthcare costs.
The effects of tungsten doping on the mechanical properties of Bi2O2Se
Authors: Li Buda , Li Menglu , Qi Hangbo , Zhao Siqin , Feng Shan , Zu Xiaotao , Qiao Liang , Xiao Haiyan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, we systemically investigate the effects of tungsten doping on the structural, electronic, and mechanical properties of Bi2O2Se by using the first‐principles method. It is found that tungsten doping significantly influences the electronic structure and mechanical properties of Bi2O2Se. The electrons are distributed on the Fermi level, and the doped Bi2O2Se exhibits metallic‐like character. Meanwhile, tungsten doping improves the ductility and toughness of Bi2O2Se and reduces its lattice thermal conductivity. This study demonstrates that tungsten doping is an effective method to engineer the physical properties of Bi2O2Se.
Damage prediction of sintered α‐SiC using thermo‐mechanical coupled fracture model
Authors: Sun Jason , Chen Yu , Marziale Joseph J. , Walker Eric A. , Salac David , Chen James 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA three‐way coupled thermo‐mechanical fracture model is presented to predict the damage of brittle ceramics, in particular α‐SiC, over a wide range of temperatures (20–1400°C). Predicting damage over such a range of temperatures is crucial for thermal protection systems for many systems such as spacecraft. The model, which has been implemented in MOOSE, is divided into three modules: elasticity, damage phase field, and heat conduction. Analytical approaches for determining crack lengthscales are presented for both simple tension and simple shear. Validation tests are conducted for both flexural strength and fracture toughness over the specified range of temperatures. Flexural strength simulation results fall within the uncertainty region of the experimental data, and mode I fracture toughness simulation results are also in agreement with the experimental data. Mode II and mixed mode fracture toughness simulations results are presented with the modified G‐criterion. Finally, the parallel computing capabilities of the model are considered in various scalability tests.
Increased risk of periodontitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A nationwide register study in Norway
Authors: Bolstad Anne Isine , Fevang Bjørg‐Tilde Svanes , Lie Stein Atle 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the risk of periodontitis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in a nationwide register‐based study.Materials and MethodsPatients and controls were defined using ICD‐10 codes registered in the Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR), from 2011 to 2017. The 324,232 included subjects had at least one registered diagnostic code for RA (33,040 patients) or diagnostic codes for non‐osteoporotic fractures or hip or knee replacement due to osteoarthritis (controls). The outcome was periodontitis, defined by codes for periodontal treatment from the Norwegian Control and Payment of Health Reimbursements Database (KUHR). Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated for periodontitis in RA patients compared to controls. Generalized additive model in Cox regressions was estimated to visualize periodontitis occurrences as a function of number of RA visits.ResultsThe risk of periodontitis increased with increasing number of RA visits. RA patients having 10 or more visits during the 7‐year period had a 50% increased risk of periodontitis compared to controls (HR = 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39–1.59); also, in patients with assumed new RA, an even higher risk estimate was seen (HR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.53–2.17).ConclusionsIn this register‐based study in which periodontal treatment was used as a surrogate marker for periodontitis, we found an increased risk of periodontitis in RA patients, particularly those with active disease and new RA.
The effect of low‐intensity cold atmospheric plasma jet on photoaging‐induced hyperpigmentation in mouse model
Authors: Ahn Ga Ram , Park Hyung Joon , Koh Young Gue , Kim Ka Ram , Kim Yu Jin , Lee Jung Ok , Seok Joon , Yoo Kwang Ho , Lee Kyu Back , Kim Beom Joon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundCold atmospheric plasma (CAP) produces reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) in the target and can induce cytoprotective effects by activating hormesis‐related pathways when its intensity is in the low range.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of low‐intensified CAP (LICAP) on skin with photoaging‐induced hyperpigmentation in an animal model.MethodsChanges in cell viability and RONS production following LICAP treatment were measured. For the in vivo study, 30 hairless mice underwent antecedent photoaging induction followed by the allocated therapy (i.e., LICAP, topical ascorbic acid (AA), or both). During the first 4 weeks of the treatment period (8 weeks), ultraviolet (UV)‐B irradiation was concurrently administered. Visual inspection and measurement of the melanin index (MI) were performed to assess the change in skin pigmentation at Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8.ResultsRONS production increased linearly until the saturation point. Cell viability was not significantly affected by LICAP treatment. At Week 8, MI was significantly decreased in every treatment group compared with the values at Week 0 and Week 4. The treatment effect of the concurrent therapy group was superior to that of the LICAP and AA groups.ConclusionLICAP appears to be a novel modality for photoprotection and pigment reduction in photodamaged skin. LICAP treatment and topical AA application seem to exert a synergistic effect.
A scoping review of institutional policies and recommendations for trans inpatient mental health care
Authors: Britt‐Thomas Jessica Y. , Kridel Matthew , Velez Janina , Kouame Gail , Tharrington Shafer , Barrett Thomas , Casanova Tracy 
Published: May 2023

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

International guidelines for trans‐and‐gender‐non‐conforming (TGNC) exists in outpatient settings.

Compared to cisgender and heterosexual people, TGNC individuals are at a higher risk of mental health difficulties and have higher rates of inpatient mental health treatment.

What does this paper add to existing knowledge?

An international scoping review identifying the lack of guidelines existing for TGNC individuals in inpatient mental health settings. Compared to psychiatrists and psychologists, mental health nursing has the most contact with patients admitted for inpatient psychiatric treatment. The study identifies unaddressed needs in gender affirming policies and outlines preliminary policy recommendations to assist mental health staff in improving TGNC patient quality of care within the United States.

What are the implications for practice?

Reforming existing guidelines or creating new guidelines based on the identified themes and gaps to improve the well‐being and treatment outcomes of TGNC individuals in inpatient psychiatric settings within the United States.

AbstractIntroductionAccess to culturally sensitive care is critical for addressing known mental health disparities among trans‐and gender‐non‐conforming (TGNC) individuals. Although there has been a proliferation of TGNC healthcare guidelines from accrediting bodies, policies have failed to address the needs of TGNC patients in inpatient psychiatric settings.AimTo identify unaddressed needs in policies and policy recommendations for the care of TGNC patients to inform recommendations for change.MethodA scoping review protocol was developed following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses 850 articles were reduced to seven relevant articles with six themes identified via thematic analysis.ResultsSix themes were identified: lack of consistency in preferred and pronoun use, lack of communication among providers, lack of training in TGNC healthcare, personal bias, lack of formal policies, and housing segregation by sex rather than gender.DiscussionThe creation of new guidelines or bolstering of existing guidelines to specifically address identified themes and gaps may improve the well‐being and treatment outcomes of TGNC individuals in inpatient psychiatric settings.Implications for practiceTo provide a foundation for future studies to integrate these identified gaps and inform the future development of comprehensive formal policies that generalize TGNC care in inpatient settings.
Blidingia sp. extracts improve intestinal health and reduce diarrhoea in weanling piglets
Authors: Wang Zongling , Zeng Boxin , Xue Haoran , Liu Chunyan , Song Wei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBlidingia sp. is a prominent fouling green macroalga and we previously found that extracts from Blidingia sp. alleviated intestinal inflammation in mice challenged with lipopolysaccharides. However, whether these extracts are effective in weanling piglets remains unknown. In the present study, Blidingia sp. extracts were supplemented in the diet and their effects on growth performance, incidence of diarrhoea and intestinal function in weanling piglets were explored. The results showed that diets supplemented with 0.1% or 0.5% Blidingia sp. extract significantly increased average daily body weight gain and feed intake in weanling piglets. Meanwhile, piglets supplemented with 0.5% Blidingia sp. extract showed decreased incidence of diarrhoea as well as reduced fecal water and Na+ content. Furthermore, the diet supplemented with 0.5% Blidingia sp. extracts improved intestinal morphology, as indicated by the results of hematoxylin and eosin staining. Diet supplemented with 0.5% Blidingia sp. extracts also improved tight junction function, as indicated by increased expression of Occludin, Claudin‐1 and Zonula occludens‐1, and alleviated the inflammatory response, as indicated by decreased tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6 (IL6) contents and increased IL10 levels. Taken together, our results showed that Blidingia sp. extracts had beneficial effects in weanling piglets and we suggest that Blidingia sp. extracts could be potentially used as an additive for piglets.
Development of semidwarf breeding line with shattering resistance and preharvest‐sprouting resistant in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum)
Authors: Suzuki Tatsuro , Tsujimoto Kazuki , Maruo Gakuto , Hara Takahiro , Katsu Kenjiro , Matsuura Asana , Morishita Toshikazu , Hara Takashi , Ishiguro Koji , Otsuka Shiori 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn important breeding issue in buckwheat is to increase its resistance to lodging, which can result in the loss of yield and quality of buckwheat foods. We developed the semidwarf buckwheat ‘Kyukei 50’, which has a short plant height and a strong lodging resistance. The internode length of ‘Kyukei 50’ was shorter than that of the summer‐sown standard variety ‘HITACHIAKISOBA’. Progeny analysis revealed that the semidwarf trait was dominated by at least one recessive gene. Compared with ‘HITACHIAKISOBA’, in ‘Kyukei 50’, the time of maturation was earlier, and the pre‐harvest sprouting resistance was the same, indicating that ‘Kyukei 50’ is suitable for sowing in both spring and summer. ‘Kyukei 50’ exhibits the ‘green flower type’ shattering resistance trait and, therefore, has a thick pedicel; breaking tensile strength is approximately two‐fold stronger than that of ‘HITACHIAKISOBA’. The yield of ‘Kyukei 50’ is the same as that of ‘HITACHIAKISOBA’. In addition, the lowest seed height of ‘Kyukei 50’ was >17 cm. These results indicate that the ‘Kyukei 50’ is a promising breeding line for lodging resistance and loss of harvesting machinery.
Testing for jumps with robust spot volatility estimators
Authors: Sun Yucheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractJumps in the paths of efficient asset prices have important economic implications. Motivated by the issue of testing for jumps based on noisy high‐frequency data, we develop a novel spot volatility estimator, which is obtained by minimizing the sum of some Huber loss functions, and use it as an ingredient for jump detection. This type of estimators is uniformly consistent in estimating the spot volatilities of the efficient price at numerous time points. We further demonstrate the consistency of the proposed jump test based on the property of the novel spot volatility estimator. We show that in finite samples, the proposed volatility estimator and the test perform favorably compared to some competitors through Monte Carlo simulations. We also illustrate our methodology with the stock prices of Apple and Microsoft.