bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wound related complications and the anterior rectus sheath versus Gibson approach to kidney transplantation: A single center randomized controlled trial
Authors: Murthy Prithvi B. , Fascelli Michele , Lyon Madison , Corrigan Dillon , Spinner Michael , Lin Yi‐Chia , Wee Alvin C. , Krishnamurthi Venkatesh , Goldfarb David A. , Africa Joseph , Eltemamy Mohamed M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionWound related complications (WRC) are a significant source of morbidity in kidney transplant recipients, and may be mitigated by surgical approach. We hypothesize that the anterior rectus sheath approach (ARS) may decrease WRC and inpatient opiate use compared to the Gibson Approach (GA).MethodsThis double‐blinded randomized controlled trial allocated kidney transplant recipients aged 18 or older, exclusive of other procedures, 1:1 to ARS or GA at a single hospital. The ARS involves a muscle‐splitting paramedian approach to the iliopsoas fossa, compared to the muscle‐cutting GA. Patients and data analysts were blinded to randomization.ResultsSeventy five patients were randomized to each group between August 27, 2019 and September 18, 2020 with a minimum 12 month follow‐up. There was no difference in WRC between groups (p = .23). Nine (12%) and three patients (4%) experienced any WRC in the ARS and GA groups, respectively. Three and one Clavien IIIb complications occurred in the ARS and GA groups, respectively. In a multiple linear regression model, ARS was associated with decreased inpatient opioid use (β = –58, 95% CI: –105 to –12, p = .016).ConclusionsThe ARS did not provide a WRC benefit in kidney transplant recipients, but may be associated with decreased inpatient opioid use.
Primary vulvar extragastrointestinal stromal tumor in a 77‐year‐old woman
Authors: Mohamed Nada , Khan Mohammad , Hosler Gregory , Tumminello Katherine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExtragastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGISTs) carry the same morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular features as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and involve extragastrointestinal tract soft tissue. The majority of reported EGIST cases arise from intraabdominal, retroperitoneal, or pelvic soft tissue. A significant subset of such tumors originates from the gastrointestinal muscle layer, grows in an exophytic manner, then loses attachment to the gastrointestinal tract. Consequently, true EGISTs are exceedingly rare. Herein, we are reporting a case of a vulvar EGIST. A 77‐year‐old woman presented with a painless subcutaneous nodule on the right perineum. An excisional biopsy showed a fairly circumscribed bland spindle cell lesion in the dermis. The tumor cells were positive for CD117 and ANO1/DOG‐1 and negative for smooth muscle myosin, smooth muscle actin, STAT6, low‐ and high‐molecular‐weight cytokeratins, SOX10, MART‐1, CD10, S‐100 protein, and estrogen and progesterone receptors. A diagnosis of EGIST was made and complete excision was recommended. Superficial/subcutaneous EGISTs are extremely rare, and it is important for dermatopathologists to be aware of this entity as it can be misdiagnosed as more common spindle cell neoplasms, both benign and malignant, including but not limited to smooth muscle neoplasms (leiomyoma/leiomyosarcoma), spindle cell melanoma, and sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma.
Increasing synchrony opposes stabilizing effects of species richness on terrestrial communities
Authors: Tsang Toby P. N. , Ponisio Lauren C. , Bonebrake Timothy C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimEcological theory has predicted that species richness should stabilize communities, with mechanisms including species synchrony and population variability determining the net impacts. While these theories have been supported empirically, results can be sensitive to taxonomic bias as studies are often focussed on plants. Trophic differences between consumers and primary producers can lead to varying stabilizing effects of species richness. Here, we compared the impact of species richness on community variability in four taxonomic groups: terrestrial birds, mammals, invertebrates and plants.LocationGlobal.MethodUsing data from 6763 time series globally (BioTIME) for four terrestrial taxa, we quantified community and population variability and species synchrony based on abundance fluctuations over time.ResultsSpecies richness destabilized communities through increasing synchrony and stabilized communities through reducing population variability in all taxa. Such opposing effects weakened the net impacts of species richness on communities. Population variability had higher importance relative to synchrony in plant communities. By contrast, synchrony had more comparable (or even higher) importance compared with population variability in animal communities. When synchrony and population variability were not controlled, stabilizing impacts of species richness were detected in plant communities only.Main ConclusionsOur results highlight how species richness drives stabilizing and destabilizing mechanisms simultaneously across all taxa, with strong taxonomic variation in the relative importance of these mechanisms in regulating community variability. This questions the generality of previous findings on stabilizing impacts of species richness based on limited taxonomic coverage. Additionally, our results indicate the need to understand how the importance of stabilizing and destabilizing mechanisms differs in determining community variability across organisms and environments.
Thermal conductivity of equiatomic high‐entropy diboride ceramics with 5–9 cations
Authors: Cheng Gang , Liu Ji‐Xuan , Qin Yuan , Wu Yue , Zhang Guo‐Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs a new type of high‐entropy material, most of the current work has focused on the synthesis and characterization of mechanical properties of high‐entropy diboride ceramics (HEBs). In this work, single‐phase HEBs with 5–9 cations were prepared by spark plasma sintering with self‐synthesized HEB powders through the boro/carbothermal reduction method. The distribution of the metal elements in the obtained HEBs was homogeneous. Due to the phonon scattering caused by the inherent lattice distortion in the HEBs, the thermal conductivity of the ceramics decreased with the increased configurational entropy or the number of cation kinds. However, this study reveals that the degree of reduction in thermal conductivity for the HEBs demonstrate a weakened tendency with cation kinds of more than 6.
Synthesis and characterization of ternary layered i‐MAX (Mo2/3Y1/3)2AlC ceramics fabricated by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Cheng Juan , Zhang Qiqiang , Fu Shuai , Wan Detian , Bao Yiwang , Chu Longsheng , Feng Qingguo , Grasso Salvatore , Hu Chunfeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the i‐MAX phase (Mo2/3Y1/3)2AlC ceramic with high purity of 98.29 wt% (1.13 wt% Y2O3 and 0.58 wt% Mo2C) and high relative density of 98.59% was successfully synthesized by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1500°C with the molar ratio of n(Mo):n(Y):n(Al):n(C) = 4:2:3.3:2.7. The positions of C atoms in the crystal of (Mo2/3Y1/3)2AlC were determined. Microstructure and physical and mechanical properties of (Mo2/3Y1/3)2AlC ceramic were systematically investigated. It was found that the obtained (Mo2/3Y1/3)2AlC ceramic had an average grain size of 32.1 ± 3.1 μm in length and 14.2 ± 1.7 μm in width. In terms of physical properties, the measured thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of (Mo2/3Y1/3)2AlC was 8.99 × 10−6 K−1, and the thermal capacity and thermal conductivity at room temperature were 0.43 J·g−1·K−1 and 13.75 W·m−1·K−1, respectively. The room temperature electrical conductivity of (Mo2/3Y1/3)2AlC ceramic was measured to be 1.25 × 106 Ω−1·m−1. In terms of mechanical properties, Vickers hardness under 10 N load was measured as 10.54 ± 0.29 GPa, while flexural strength, fracture toughness, and compressive strength were determined as 260.08 ± 14.18 MPa, 4.51 ± 0.70 MPa·m1/2, and 855 ± 62 MPa, respectively, indicating the promising structural applications.
Fuzzy Bayesian network analysis of the factors causing food losses in reefer containers
Authors: Kaptan Mehmet , Bayazit Ozan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt is crucial to ensure food security to continue the sustainable nutrition of the world population. Food losses in the global food supply chain pose a significant risk to food security. Especially foods that require cold chain logistics are prone to deterioration and eventually food losses. Therefore, cold chain logistics processes require operational expertise and specialized equipment. Reefer (refrigerated) container is the most used cold chain transport equipment for perishable foods requiring atmospheric control. Analyzing operational and hardware‐related causes and implementing relevant countermeasures are necessary to prevent food losses in reefer containers. With this motivation in the study, the relationships between the factors causing food losses in the reefer containers were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively via the model built using the Fuzzy Bayesian network method. The findings indicate that the most critical root causes of food losses in reefer containers are excessive time off‐power, inappropriate preload conditions, and refrigerant faults, respectively. Moreover, the riskiest combination of factors that causes food loss consists of excessive time‐off power, refrigerant faults, and adverse weather conditions during navigation and in port. When the existing legal framework and professional practices are examined, in light of the results of the study, the following will be recommended: Establishing minimum standard and maintenance arrangements for cooling systems, ensuring safety margin in the shelf life of the foods carried in the reefer containers, making mandatory the automatic temperature recordings systems, and increasing the number of personnel specialized in product types and transportation. The study results will benefit supply chain stakeholders for process planning and implementation to mitigate the risk of food losses in reefer containers.Practical applicationsThis study examines the factors causing food losses in reefer containers from loading to discharge. The findings indicate that the most critical root causes of food losses in reefer containers are excessive time off‐power, inappropriate preload conditions, and refrigerant faults, respectively. When the existing legal framework and professional practices are examined, in light of the results of the study, the following will be recommended: Establishing minimum standard and maintenance arrangements for cooling systems, ensuring safety margin in the shelf life of the foods carried in the reefer containers, making mandatory the automatic temperature recordings systems, and increasing the number of personnel specialized in product types and transportation.
Dying to die: New micro and macro evidence that suicide terrorists are suicidal
Authors: Varaine Simon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe self‐sacrifice of suicide terrorists is subject to sophisticated models of altruistic sacrifice. Yet, a simpler account is that it reflects common suicidal tendencies. This paper offers new micro and macro evidence supportive of this hypothesis. At the micro level, the paper compares a sample of suicide and non‐suicide terrorists in the United States from 1948 to 2017. Results indicate that suicide terrorists are more likely to display various established suicidal risk factors including history of child abuse, absent parent/s, and relationship troubles. Results from Bayesian Model Averaging indicate that suicide risk factors outperform other individual factors (e.g., ideology and lone‐actor terrorism) in explaining suicide terrorism. At the macro level, the paper takes advantage of the cross‐national variations in suicidal tendencies to explain the incidence of suicide and non‐suicide terrorist attacks worldwide from 1991 to 2014. Results reveal that countries with higher share of deaths from suicide display higher incidences of suicide attacks but similar incidences of non‐suicide attacks. However, other contextual factors such as the share of Muslims also predict the incidence of suicide terrorism. The decision of some terrorists to sacrifice their life may well have been subject to over‐theorization.
Anxiety and depression: A top‐down, bottom‐up model of circuit function
Authors: LeDuke Deryn O. , Borio Matilde , Miranda Raymundo , Tye Kay M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA functional interplay of bottom‐up and top‐down processing allows an individual to appropriately respond to the dynamic environment around them. These processing modalities can be represented as attractor states using a dynamical systems model of the brain. The transition probability to move from one attractor state to another is dependent on the stability, depth, neuromodulatory tone, and tonic changes in plasticity. However, how does the relationship between these states change in disease states, such as anxiety or depression? We describe bottom‐up and top‐down processing from Marr's computational‐algorithmic‐implementation perspective to understand depressive and anxious disease states. We illustrate examples of bottom‐up processing as basolateral amygdala signaling and projections and top‐down processing as medial prefrontal cortex internal signaling and projections. Understanding these internal processing dynamics can help us better model the multifaceted elements of anxiety and depression.
Intraoperative diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis during scoliosis surgery
Authors: Loh Katherine H. , Kelley Jennifer C. , Eagle Susan S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDiabetic ketoacidosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children with type 1 diabetes. Management of diabetic ketoacidosis requires meticulous monitoring and treatment of severe dehydration and metabolic derangement. We present an adolescent patient who was diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis during spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis and discuss the management of this unexpected intraoperative emergency.
αβ+/CD19+‐depleted haploidentical stem cell transplantation for children with acute leukemia: Is there a protective effect of increased γδ+ T‐cell content in the graft?
Authors: Dadi Gal , Jacoby Elad , Adam Etai , Hutt Daphna , Varda‐Bloom Nira , Bielorai Bella , Toren Amos 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundHaploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with depletion of αβ+ T cells and CD19+ B cells has emerged as a viable alternative to traditional donors for treating acute leukemia in children. As the use of this innovative approach continues to grow and more experience is gained, it is essential to identify and comprehend the key factors that contribute to successful transplantation and improved outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of single‐center data from 27 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 11 children with acute myeloid leukemia who underwent haploidentical HSCT with depletion of αβ+ T cells and CD19+ B cells between the years 2013 and 2020.ResultsEngraftment was successful in 34 out of 38 patients (90%). The 5‐year overall survival and event‐free survival rates were 51% and 42%, respectively. There were no cases of grade III–IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease, and only two patients developed chronic graft‐versus‐host disease. Patients with a higher content of γδ+ T cells in the graft demonstrated a longer event‐free survival.Conclusionsαβ+/CD19+‐depleted haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can offer long‐term remission for children with acute leukemia with minimal graft‐versus‐host disease.
CMV‐associated collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis after kidney transplant in a pediatric patient
Authors: Parr Madeline F. E. , Hidalgo Guillermo , Goldstein Michael J. , Batal Ibrahim , Lieberman Kenneth V. , Amoruso Marlene R. , Baer Aryeh Z. , Jain Namrata G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV) is a significant cause of morbidity among immunocompromised patients who have undergone kidney transplantation and is known to rarely induce collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) among adults.MethodsWe present the first reported case of CMV‐induced collapsing FSGS in a pediatric patient after kidney transplant.ResultsOur patient underwent a deceased donor kidney transplant due to end‐stage renal disease secondary to lupus nephritis. Approximately 4 months after transplantation, he developed signs of worsening kidney function in the setting of CMV viremia and was found to have collapsing features of FSGS on kidney transplant biopsy. He was managed with a prompt escalation of antiviral therapy along with a reduction of immunosuppression and recovered without significant complication. At follow‐up, he continued to have undetectable CMV titers, creatinine within normal limits, and no significant proteinuria.ConclusionThis report demonstrates CMV as a cause of collapsing FSGS and should be considered among pediatric transplant recipients who present with acute kidney injury, as should early assessment of APOL1 genetic status in both donor and recipient.
Identification and characterization of genome‐wide long terminal repeat retrotransposons provide an insight into elucidating the trait evolution of five Rhododendron species
Authors: Wen S. , Zhao H. , Qiao G. , Shen X. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Rhododendron is well‐known for its beauty and colourful corolla. Although some high‐quality whole‐genome sequencing of it has been completed, there are few studies on long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons in Rhododendron, which limits our ability to elucidate the causes of genetic variations in Rhododendron species.

Properties of the intact Rhododendron LTR retrotransposons were investigated at a genome‐wide level. Based on available data, the high‐quality genomes from five species, i.e. R. griersonianum, R. simsii, R. henanense subsp. lingbaoense, R. mucronatum var. ripense and R. ovatum, were selected as targets with good assembly continuity.

A total of 17,936 intact LTR retrotransposons were identified; these belong to superfamilies Copia and Gypsy, with 17 clades. The insertion time of these transposons was later than 120 million years ago (Mya), and the outbreak period was concentrated more recently than 30 Mya. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that many LTR retrotransposons might originate from intraspecific duplication. Current evidence also suggests that most LTR retrotransposons were inserted in the interstitial part of genes in R. griersonianum, R. simsii, R. henanense, and R. ovatum, and the functions of the inserted genes mainly involve starch metabolism, proteolysis, etc. The effect of the LTR retrotransposon on gene expression depends on its insertion site and activation. Highly expressed LTR retrotransposons tend to be younger.

The results herein improve our knowledge of LTR retrotransposons in Rhododendron genomes and facilitate further study of genetic variation and trait evolution in Rhododendron.
Bone marrow iron scoring in healthy and clinically ill dogs with and without evidence of iron‐restricted erythropoiesis
Authors: Pawsat Grace A. , Fry Michael M. , Behling‐Kelly Erica , Olin Shelly J. , Schaefer Deanna M. W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere are few reports in dogs that have evaluated the utility of semi‐quantitative scoring of bone marrow iron stores in conjunction with reticulocyte hemoglobin (CHr) to identify iron‐restricted erythropoiesis due to absolute iron deficiency or iron sequestration.ObjectivesAn established system for scoring iron stores in human bone marrow samples was applied to dogs. The objectives were to evaluate interobserver agreement (Κω), determine marrow iron scores in dogs without detectable hematologic abnormalities, and assess combined interpretation of iron scores and CHr to evaluate for iron‐restricted erythropoiesis.MethodsFour blinded observers independently scored iron in 139 Prussian blue‐stained canine marrow samples from 0 (none) to 6 (very heavy), including healthy controls (n = 12), clinically ill dogs with (n = 100) and without (n = 16) detectable hematologic abnormalities, and dogs with experimental nutritional iron deficiency (n = 11). Additional medical record data were available for 118 dogs to evaluate for other evidence of iron deficiency (abnormal CHr, RBC indices, serum iron variables, external blood loss, or nutritional deficiencies).ResultsMean Κω was 0.69 (substantial agreement) for all samples but was 0.44 (moderate agreement) for samples with iron scores <3, indicating distinguishing scores 0–2 may not be reliable. Dogs without detectable hematologic abnormalities had scores from 3–5. Dogs with scores <3 and decreased CHr often had more indicators of iron deficiency vs dogs only having low iron scores or low CHr.ConclusionsEvaluation of dogs with marrow iron score <3 for external blood loss or nutritional deficiencies is likely clinically worthwhile, particularly if there is also decreased CHr.
Drug suspending during wound healing effectively weakens immunosuppression‐related complications by preserving CD8+ T cell function
Authors: Guo Linxiumei , Zhu Zhu , Shi Chenchen , Jia Yuxin , Nurzat Yeltai , Su Weijie , Zhang Yixin , Xu Heng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractImmunosuppressive medications, which interfere with the activation and proliferation of T and B cells, increase the risk of wound healing complications. To address it, this study aimed to validate the feasibility of drug suspending during wound healing, whilst exploring the mechanisms exerted by T cells, which are important in the wound healing process. For this, a mouse skin wound model was set up. Tacrolimus (FK506) and fingolimod (FTY720) were both administered intraperitoneally prior to wounding to inhibit the T cell activation and migration, respectively. Flow‐cytometric analysis subsequently revealed the functional T cell subtypes detected during the healing process. A CD8a antibody was also administered to deplete CD8+ T cells in vivo to verify their specific function. It was found that FK506 or FTY720 administration delayed the early phase of wound healing by reducing collagen production, which was also supported by the downregulation of col1a1, col3a1 and tgfb1. However, there was no significant difference in the total healing period. Both spleen‐ and skin‐derived CD8+ T cells were proliferated and activated after injury without intervention, whereas CD4+ T cells showed no significant changes. Furthermore, selectively depleting CD8+ T cells retarded the healing process by downregulating collagen production‐associated genes (col1a1, col3a1, tgfβ1 and en1) and proteins (collagen type 1 and 3). In addition, the CD8a antibody decreased the expression of genes lta, tnfa, il13 and il13ra, and protein interleukin‐13Rα. In conclusion, suspending immunosuppressive drugs during wound healing was shown to be feasible through restraining the migration of activated T cells. CD8+ T cells represented the primary functional subtype positively associated with wound healing.
RESPONSIBLE AGENCY: A HUMAN DISTINCTIVE?
Authors: Herdt Jennifer A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhile agent responsibility appears to be one of the clearest examples of a human distinctive, practices of holding responsible are bound up with social expectations and emotional reactions, many of which are shared with other social animals. This essay attends to the ways in which what Peter Strawson first identified as the reactive emotions, including notably anger, resentment, and indignation, are key to making sense of both the shared and distinctive features of responsible human agency. Like human beings, other social animals express a range of reactive emotions in response to others’ conformity with or violation of implicit social expectations and norms; human beings sometimes reflect on these reactive attitudes and their justifiability, asking whether and when it is appropriate to hold others accountable, blame, and/or punish them. We should recognize that we often praise and blame others for attitudes and desires which they have not chosen and over which they have no direct control, and that this is appropriate.