bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Study of Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Hemorrhagic Stroke
Authors: Chen Yi-An , Tseng Kuan-Yin , Chung Ming-Hsuan , Wang Peng-Wei , Hueng Dueng-Yuan , Chou Kuan-Nien 
Published: April 2023

Background:
There is accumulating evidence that Vitamin D deficiency contributes to the occurrence of stroke, including ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. However, the relationship between Vitamin D levels and the risk of hemorrhage stroke was less conclusive.

Aim:
This prospective study is aimed for relationship between Vitamin D status and specific nonlobar hemorrhagic stroke in a Taiwanese cohort.

Methods:
A prospective study of 44 adult patients (32 males and 12 females; 27 aged <65 years and 17 ≥65 years) with acute nonlobar spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) was undertaken for 24 months (December 2017–November 2019) in a general reference teaching hospital. The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) level was examined within 1 day of the stroke. The associations between Vitamin D status, age, low-density lipoprotein levels, and hemorrhagic stroke were analyzed using the Chi-squared test for comparisons. Statistical significance was set atP< 0.05.

Results:
The mean serum concentration of (25(OH) D) was 20.30 ng/ml. There were 14 patients with Vitamin D insufficiency (<30 ng/ml), and 23 with Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml). There was no age dependence to the Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in patients with acute nonlobar sICH. We also found no significant correlation between Vitamin D deficiency and low-density lipoprotein concentration.

Conclusion:
A particularly high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency was found in Taiwanese patients with specific hemorrhagic stroke, acute nonlobar sICH, and this was independent of age or serum low-density lipoprotein levels.
A Selective Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibitor Showed Antiviral Activity Against Dengue and Zika Viruses
Authors: Shih Hao-Wen , Tsao Chang-Huei , Chang Yu-Hsiu , Yang Chih-Wei , Feng Shao-Wei , Chiu Kuo-Chou 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Flavivirus comprises several important viruses, including dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). A large outbreak of DENV and ZIKV occurred in these years, leading to many cases of illness and death. However, despite the decades of efforts, there are no specific therapeutic drugs against DENV and ZIKV. Several studies had shown that histone deacetylase 6 inhibitors (HDAC6 inhibitors) possess antiviral effects on influenza A virus, hepatitis C virus, and JEV.

Aim:
The purpose of this study is to examine the antiviral effect of the compound J34803, a newly synthesized HDAC6 inhibitor, against DENV and ZIKV in vitro and in vivo.

Methods:
We investigated whether the compound J34803 inhibited viral infection by western blot and virus titer determination. The signaling pathway of inhibition was also determined by western blot.

Results:
The compound J34803 exhibited superior antiviral activities against DENV-2, DENV-4, and ZIKV compared to Tubastatin A (TBSA), and its antiviral mechanism may through suppressing HDAC6 and its downstream signaling pathway. Moreover, treatment with the compound J34803 could reduce viremia levels in DENV-2-and ZIKV-infected AG129 mice.

Conclusion:
We demonstrated that the compound J34803 had better therapeutic efficacy in virus infection as compared to TBSA and could be a potential potent therapeutic drug against emerging flaviviral infections.
Comparison of Regional Cerebral Oxygen Saturation Variations Between Sevoflurane and Propofol Anaesthesia in Gynecological Laparoscopic Surgery
Authors: Aman Atul , Samui Samarendra Nath , Dammalapati Pavan Kumar , Kar Sandeep Kumar 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Measurement of regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) is a safe, noninvasive, and portable optical method that can be used to monitor activity within the cortical areas of the human brain. Making use of specific wavelengths of light, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides measurements of oxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) and deoxygenated Hb that is in direct relation with hemodynamic changes in the brain.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to compare the changes in rSO2 at different time points between propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia during gynecological laparoscopic surgery. After approval by the institutional ethics committee, written informed consent was taken from all eligible patients.

Methods:
This randomized clinical study was conducted in a gynecology operation theater complex. Thirty-four patients aged between 18 and 60 years categorized between the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I I and II who are scheduled for gynecological laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were randomized into two groups with 17 patients in each group. The Group 1 patients receive sevoflurane anesthesia and Group 2 patients receive total intravenous anesthesia using an infusion of propofol. The rSO2 values were continuously monitored using NIRS. The bispectral index target range during maintenance was 40–50.

Results:
The sevoflurane group showed significantly higher rSO2 values than the propofol group in gynecological laparoscopic surgery.

Conclusion:
It can be inferred that the sevoflurane group showed significantly higher rSO2 values than the propofol group in gynecological laparoscopic surgery not only during pneumoperitoneum in the Trendelenburg position but also after desufflation of the abdomen in the neutral position (supine).
A Simple Method for Calculating Acetabular Posterior Wall Fracture Fragment Percentages on Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Scan Reconstruction Images
Authors: Hsu Chun-Liang , Wu Jia-Lin , Tsai Yao-Tung , Hung Chun-Chi , Li Yuan-Ta , Yeh Tsu-Te 
Published: April 2023

Background::
Hip joint congruency and stability in fractures are affected by posterior wall fragment size and percentage compared with the normal side. Computed tomography (CT) scan is a useful tool to precisely evaluate the morphologic features of acetabular fractures.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to establish an accurate and reliable method of measuring acetabular posterior wall fracture fragment percentages on three-dimensional (3D) CT scan reconstruction images.

Methods:
CT scans of eight patients with acetabular posterior wall fractures were reviewed by five orthopedic surgeons. Posterior wall fracture fragment percentages were measured using three methods: (1) linear measurement percentages on axial CT images, (2) linear measurement percentages on 3D reconstruction images, and (3) acetabular posterior surface area measurements using computer software (gold standard). Analysis of variance testing was used to compare these methods. Dunn's multiple comparison test was used to compare the accuracy of the axial CT scan and 3D reconstruction methods to the gold standard method.

Results:
There were no significant differences between two of the eight patients (25%) in fracture fragment percentage measurements using all methods. Dunn's multiple comparison test showed that the axial CT scan method measurement was significantly different from the gold standard measurement in four of the eight patients (50%), three of whom sustained more than an 80% fracture. However, there was no significant difference between the 3D reconstruction and gold standard methods in all study patients. Inter- and intra-observer reliabilities were excellent for all three methods.

Conclusion:
The 3D reconstruction image method is reliable and accurate for measuring acetabular posterior wall fracture fragment percentages.
Holmium
Authors: Ntasiotis Panteleimon , Peteinaris Angelis , Lattarulo Marco , Tsaturyan Arman , Asutay Mehmet Kazim , Adamou Constantinos , Vagionis Athanasios , Pagonis Konstantinos , Koukiou Georgia , Al-Aown Abdulrahman , Liatsikos Evangelos , Kallidonis Panagiotis 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
The high-power holmium: yttrium–aluminum–garnet lasers provide a wide variety of settings for stone disintegration. The aim of this in vitro study is to evaluate the effect of short and long pulse duration on ablation rates on urinary stones.

Materials and Methods:
Two types of artificial stones were created by BegoStone™ with different compositions (15:3 and 15:6, stone/water ratio). Stones with a 15:3 and 15:6 powder-to-water ratio were defined as hard and soft stones, respectively. Lithotripsy was performed with different laser settings using a custom-made in vitro model consisting of a 60 cm long and 19 mm diameter tube. The ablation rate is defined as the final total mass subtracted from the initial total mass and divided to the time of treatment. Stone ablation rates were measured according to different laser settings with total power of 10W (0,5J-20 Hz, 1J-10 Hz, 2J-5 Hz) and 60W (1J-60 Hz, 1,5J-40 Hz, 2J-30 Hz).

Results:
Higher pulse rates and higher total power settings were related to higher ablation rates. Short pulse duration was more effective on soft stones, whereas long pulse duration was more effective on hard stones. For the same power settings, the highest energy–lowest frequency combination resulted in higher ablation rate in comparison to the lowest energy–higher frequency combination. Finally, short and long pulse average ablation rates do not differ so much.

Conclusion:
Regardless of the stone type and pulse duration, utilization of higher power settings with higher energies increased the ablation rates. Higher ablation rates were demonstrated for hard stones using long pulse duration, and for soft stones with short pulse duration.
Urinary tract infection in children
Authors: Alsaywid Basim S. , Alyami Fahad A. , Alqarni Naif , Neel Khalid Fouda , Almaddah Talah O. , Abdulhaq Nada M. , Alajmani Lujin Bassam , Hindi Mawada O. , Alshayie Mohammed A. , Alsufyani Hazim , Alajlan Sarah Abdulrahman , Albulushi Bashaer I. , Labani Safiah K. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Urinary tract infection (UTI) has been a major burden on the community and the health-care systems all over the globe. It is the most common cause of bacterial infection in the pediatric age group, with an annual incidence of 3%. The aim of this study is to review and summarize all available guidelines on the diagnosis and management of children with UTI.

Materials and Methods:
This is a narrative review of the management of children with a UTI. All biomedical databases were searched, and any guidelines published from 2000 to 2022 were retrieved, reviewed, and evaluated to be included in the summary statements. The sections of the articles were formulated according to the availability of information in the included guidelines.

Results:
UTI diagnoses are based on positive urine culture from a specimen of urine obtained through catheterization or suprapubic aspiration, and diagnoses cannot be established on the bases of urine collected from a bag. The criteria for diagnosing UTI are based on the presence of at least 50,000 colony-forming units per milliliter of a uropathogen. Upon confirmation of UTI, the clinician should instruct parents to seek rapid medical assessment (ideally within 48 h) of future febrile disease to ensure that frequent infections can be detected and treated immediately. The choice of therapy depends on several factors, including the age of the child, underlying medical problems, the severity of the disease, the ability to tolerate oral medications, and most importantly local patterns of uropathogens resistance. Initial antibiotic choice of treatment should be according to the sensitivity results or known pathogens patterns with comparable efficacy of oral and parenteral route, for 7 days to 14 days duration. Renal and bladder ultrasonography is the investigation of choice for febrile UTI, and voiding cystourethrography should not be performed routinely unless indicated.

Conclusion:
This review summarizes all the recommendations related to UTIs in the pediatric population. Due to the lack of appropriate data, further high-quality studies are required to improve the level and strength of recommendations in the future.
Early predictors of Brucella epididymo-orchitis
Authors: Alarbid Abdullah , Salem Shady Mohamed , Alenezi Turky , Alenezzi Abdullah , Alali Khaled , Ajrawi Feras , Alhajry Faisal 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Epididymo-orchitis (EO) is a common urological condition. In endemic areas, EO may be the presenting picture of brucellosis. Early suspicion and proper diagnosis is necessary for patient recovery.

Objective:
The aim of our study is to identify early predictors of Brucella EO.

Patients and Methods:
We retrospectively collected the data of all patients who were treated at the Urology Unit, Farwaniya Hospital, with acute EO above the age of 12 years between April 2017 and February 2019. Data from electronic and hardcopy files were gathered and analyzed. The diagnosis of acute EO was based on clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings. A total of 120 patients under the diagnosis of EO, epididymitis, and orchitis were reviewed. Thirty-one patients were tested for Brucella based on the history of animal contact, ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products, or persistent fever for more than 48 h. of those patients, 11 tested positive for Brucella orchitis.

Results:
A comparison between Brucella-positive and Brucella-negative patients regarding age, presence of fever, complete blood count (CBC) parameters, pyuria, and abscess formation was made. In the Brucella group, 72% of the patients had a history of animal contact compared to 33% in non-Brucella group (P = 0.006). When comparing CBC parameters in the two groups, Brucella group had statistically significant lower total leukocytic count and neutrophil count (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) 13.07 ± 4.22, 6.4 ± 9.98 versus Brucella negative group 17.35 ± 5.28, 7.8 ± 10.53, and P values were 0.037 and 0.004, respectively. Brucella group showed lymphocytosis (mean ± SD) 25.95 ± 9.78 versus non-Brucella group 13.22 ± 8.05 and P < 0.01.

Conclusion:

Brucella orchitis constituted 9% of the orchitis patients treated in our hospital. Patients with a history of animal contact, EO with lymphocytosis, and relative neutropenia should raise the suspicion for Brucella orchitis in endemic areas.
The safety and efficacy of ultrasound versus fluoroscopic percutaneous nephrostomy
Authors: Moeen Ahmed M. , Kamel Mostafa , Khalil Mahmoud , Elanany Fathy G. , Sayed Mohamed Abdel Basir , Behnsawy Hosny M. 
Published: April 2023

Objective:
The objective of this study is to compare the outcome of percutaneous nephrostomy by ultrasound (US) versus fluoroscopy including access time, volume of anesthesia required, success rate, and complications.

Methods:
One hundred patients were enrolled in a prospective randomized study. Patients were divided into two groups, 50 cases each. Comparing the two groups was done regarding the need for dye, radiation effect, time taken, trial number, rate of complication, volume of anesthesia, and success rate.

Results:
Patient demographics were comparable between both groups with no statistically significant difference. According to the modified Clavien–Dindo classification, the complications were Grade I (pain and mild hematuria) in each group. Procedural pain was present in 41 (82%) patients in Group I and in 48 (96%) patients in Group II. It was treated in both groups with a simple analgesic. Mild hematuria was present in 5 (10%) patients in the US group and 13 (26%) in the fluoroscopic group and treated by hemostatic drugs only. There was a statistically significant difference between both groups regarding the volume of required local anesthesia, the trial numbers, the puncture numbers, bleeding, extravasation, and change in the hemoglobin level.

Conclusion:
US percutaneous renal access is a safe and effective modality with a high success rate, less operative time, and complication rate. However, a minimum of 50 cases with some pelvicalyceal system dilation may be preliminary requisites to achieve good orientation and competence in achieving safe US percutaneous renal access for future endourological procedures.
Awareness of testicular swelling among young adults in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alnizari Osama Saleh , Alhejaily Ranim Fahad , Alhejaili Saffanah Fawaz , Aljohani Akram Faisal , Alnoman Naif Osama , Bokhari Akram 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Testicular masses can be a sign of various medical problems, ranging from acute emergencies such as testicular torsion to chronic illnesses such as cancer. Therefore, examinations, including self-examinations, are an important procedure for diagnosis and treatment, which can help prevent complications such as loss of fertility.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of awareness about scrotal swelling among adult men in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was administered to 3502 males, aged 18–50 years, from August 2021 to March 2022.

Results:
A total of 3502 participants from different regions of Saudi Arabia responded to our survey over 43 days, from August 21, 2021 to October 3, 2021. Unmarried, Master’s/PhD graduated male, showed a high level of knowledge and attitude toward testicular swelling.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of cases of scrotal swelling, coupled with the lack of reporting or immediate intervention, was one of the reasons for the lack of research about this subject. The study notices several factors which impacted on participants’ awareness of scrotal swelling and the risks it poses. The results also emphasized the importance of self-examination in respect to the avoidance of complications such as testicular cancer.
Assessment of the knowledge and awareness of urinary bladder cancer among the general population in Western Saudi Arabia
Authors: Nassir Anmar , Saada Hesham , Bakry Salah , Al-Zahrani Sulten , Bakry Suhayb 
Published: April 2023

Background:
One of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide is cancer; this encompasses a challenging health issue for both health providers and the community. Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide. However, few studies have been conducted to estimate the level of knowledge and awareness of urinary bladder cancer among the general population globally and nationally. Therefore, the following study aims to assess the magnitude and level of awareness of urinary bladder cancer among citizens in western Saudi Arabia.

Methodology:
The following survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia’s western region from April to May 2019. A structured questionnaire exploring the knowledge of urinary bladder cancer was given to the participants. In addition, participants’ demographics, social determinants, and past personal and family histories were gathered. The sum of the awareness responses was graded as positive or negative and correlated to determinants.

Results:
A total of 927 participants participated in the study. 74.2% were male, and for most participants, the highest educational level was a university degree (64.7%). The majority of the participants were unmarried (single) (51%) and widowed participants represented the lowest response (3.7%). The majority of the participants were aware of the term “urinary bladder cancer” (78.2%), yet only 24.8% acquainted good knowledge about urinary bladder cancer.

Conclusion:
We found that the citizens in Saudi Arabia have insufficient knowledge of urinary bladder cancer and its detriments.
The Stubble Burning Problem in Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: YILDIRIM Aytül 
Published: April 2023

Stubble is the short stalks that remain after harvesting a crop such as wheat. The stubble, which makes up soil organic matter and provides nutrients for soil microorganisms, is important for agricultural production. But farmers are supposed that stubble burning provides convenience in tillage results and reduce diseases and pests, which achieve obtaining higher crop yields, and reduce the economic costs. As the result of burning stubble, soil organic matter is decreased, the soil structure is deteriorated, microbiological activity in the soil is regressed, soil moisture is decreased, the biological balance is deteriorated and the risk of erosion is increased. It is vital to use instruments that mix the stubble under the soil so that it does not interfere with the preparation of the seed bed after the harvest. In regions where there is too much stubble, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to around 1% of the remaining stalk to ensure that the stubble breaks down and decomposes into organic matter.
In this review, the importance of stubble in agricultural production, stubble management, the reasons why farmers burn stubble, the negative effects of stubble burning on the soil fertility and environment, and solution suggestions are covered.
Ketika Apologetika Berujung Pidana
Authors: Harefa Julitinus , Laia Harman Ziduhu , Hulu Elisua 
Published: April 2023

Tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode kepustakaan/ literatur. Beberapa apologet Kristen Indonesia dalam kegiatan apologetikanya berujung pada tindakan pidana karena terjerat hukum penistaan agama. Penyebabnya adalah para apologis Kristen sering menganggap tindakan offense (menyerang) kepercayaan agama lain termasuk dalam cakupan apologetika Kristen. Alkitab tidak membenarkan tindakan kegiatan apologetika tempat untuk menghina dan merendahkan keyakinan agama lain melainkan meluruskan kesalahpahaman yang ada. Sikap arogansi dalam berapologetika akan mendapat masalah yang baru dari apologet dengan berusaha membangun tembok permusuhan (pemisah) antara lawan dengan Injil yang disampaikan sehingga membuka peluang untuk Injil dicerca dan ditolak, serta membangun pola pikir (mindset) yang buruk tentang Injil. Karena apologetika Kristen bukan untuk memenangkan suatu argumentasi tetapi membuka jalan bagi pengabaran Injil Kristus. Maka tujuan penelitian dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah mengekspos sikap yang seharusnya dimiliki oleh para apologet Indonesia dan membuka tirai pengertian atas kesalapahaman dalam memahami apologetika dalam prespektif offense (menyerang). Karena keberhasilan seorang apologet terletak pada sikap hormat dan lemah lembut serta perilaku yang disertai dengan hati yang murni.
Strategi Pensiunan Perkebunan PT Socfin Indonesia Socfindo Dalam Kelangsungan Hidup Pasca Pensiun di Desa Dengon Sari
Authors: Nadila Atika , Soemitra Andri , Utami Anggita , Panjaitan Amin Rahmad , Syahputri Istiqomah Ayu 
Published: April 2023

Retirement is an old age guarantee and in return for employees who have devoted years to PT. Socfindo. In the end it became the duty of each individual to try to guarantee his parents' day, and for this each PT. Socfindo employee is obliged to enter into the participant of a social insurance agency formed by PT. Socfindo. As pension is not only a guarantee of the old days but also a recompension of the benefits, PT. Socfindo gives his employees severance. The frequent effect of retirement is that one's unpreparedness faces retirement. Such conditions are also usually followed by changes, physical setbacks, and setbacks. Retirement is the end of a person's life pattern in his working life, or it can be referred to asa transition to a new life pattern.
Key Words: Retired, Welfare In Life, PT. Socfindo Employee.