bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sublimation of ices during the early evolution of Kuiper belt objects
Authors: Parhi Adam , Prialnik Dina 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Kuiper belt objects, such as Arrokoth, the probable progenitors of short-period comets, formed and evolved at large heliocentric distances, where the ambient temperatures appear to be sufficiently low for preserving volatile ices. By detailed numerical simulations, we follow the long-term evolution of small bodies, composed of amorphous water ice, dust, and ices of other volatile species that are commonly observed in comets. The heat sources are solar radiation and the decay of short-lived radionuclides. The bodies are highly porous and gases released in the interior flow through the porous medium. The most volatile ices, CO and CH4, are found to be depleted down to the centre over a time-scale of the order of 100 Myr. Sublimation fronts advance from the surface inward, and when the temperature in the inner part rises sufficiently, bulk sublimation throughout the interior reduces gradually the volatile ices content until they are completely lost. All the other ices survive, which is compatible with data collected by New Horizons on Arrokoth, showing the presence of methanol, and possibly, H2O, CO2, NH3, and C2H6, but no hypervolatiles. The effect of short-lived radionuclides is to increase the sublimation equilibrium temperatures and reduce volatile depletion times. We consider the effect of the bulk density, abundance ratios, and heliocentric distance. At 100 au, CO is depleted, but CH4 survives to present times, except for a thin outer layer. Since, CO is abundantly detected in comets, we conclude that the source of highly volatile species in active comets must be gas trapped in amorphous ice.
Robustness measures for molecular detections using high-resolution transmission spectroscopy of exoplanets
Authors: Cheverall Connor J , Madhusudhan Nikku , Holmberg Måns 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Ground-based high-resolution transmission spectroscopy has emerged as a promising technique for detecting chemicals in transiting exoplanetary atmospheres. Despite chemical inferences in several exoplanets and previous robustness studies, a robust and consistent detrending method to remove telluric and stellar features from transmission spectra has yet to be agreed upon. In this work, we investigate the robustness of metrics used to optimize principle component analysis (PCA)-based detrending for high-resolution transmission spectra of exoplanets in the near-infrared. As a case study, we consider observations of the hot Jupiter HD 189733 b obtained using the CARMENES spectrograph on the 3.5 m CAHA telescope. We confirm that optimizing the detrending parameters to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of a cross-correlation signal in the presence of noise has the potential to bias the detection significance at the planetary velocity of optimization. However, we find that optimization using the difference between a signal-injected cross-correlation function and the direct cross-correlation function (CCF) is more robust against over-optimization of noise and spurious signals. We additionally examine the robustness of weighting the contribution of each order to the final CCF, and of S/N calculations. Using a prescribed robust methodology, we confirm H2O in the atmosphere of HD 189733 b (S/N = 6.1). We then investigate two further case studies, of exoplanets HD 209458 b and WASP-76 b, confirming OH in the atmosphere of WASP-76 b (S/N = 4.7), and demonstrating how non-robust methods may induce false positive or inflated detections. Our findings pave the way towards a robust framework for homogeneous characterization of exoplanetary atmospheres using high-resolution transmission spectroscopy in the near-infrared.
Cross-Domain Descriptions: The Sensory and the Psychological
Authors: Liu Michelle 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Cross-domain descriptions are descriptions of features pertaining to one domain in terms of vocabulary primarily associated with another domain. Notably, we routinely describe psychological features in terms of the sensory domain and vice versa. Sorrow is said to be ‘bitter’ and fear ‘cold’. Music can be described as ‘happy’, ‘sad’, ‘mournful’, and so on. Such descriptions are rife in both everyday discourse and literary writings. What is it about psychological features that invites descriptions in sensory terms and what is it about the sensory that invites descriptions in terms of the psychological? Drawing on the literature on polysemy, this paper sheds light on cross-domain descriptions pertaining to the sensory and the psychological domains.
Effects of emerging alcohol use on developmental trajectories of functional sleep measures in adolescents
Authors: Kiss Orsolya , Goldstone Aimée , de Zambotti Massimiliano , Yüksel Dilara , Hasler Brant P , Franzen Peter L , Brown Sandra A , De Bellis Michael D , Nagel Bonnie J , Nooner Kate B , Tapert Susan F , Colrain Ian M , Clark Duncan B , Baker Fiona C 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Study Objectives
Adolescence is characterized by significant brain development, accompanied by changes in sleep timing and architecture. It also is a period of profound psychosocial changes, including the initiation of alcohol use; however, it is unknown how alcohol use affects sleep architecture in the context of adolescent development. We tracked developmental changes in polysomnographic (PSG) and electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep measures and their relationship with emergent alcohol use in adolescents considering confounding effects (e.g. cannabis use).

Methods
Adolescents (n = 94, 43% female, age: 12–21 years) in the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study had annual laboratory PSG recordings across 4-years. Participants were no/low drinkers at baseline.

Results
Linear mixed effect models showed developmental changes in sleep macrostructure and EEG, including a decrease in slow wave sleep and slow wave (delta) EEG activity with advancing age. Emergent moderate/heavy alcohol use across three follow-up years was associated with a decline in percentage rapid eye movement (REM) sleep over time, a longer sleep onset latency (SOL) and shorter total sleep time (TST) in older adolescents, and lower non-REM delta and theta power in males.

Conclusions
These longitudinal data show substantial developmental changes in sleep architecture. Emergent alcohol use during this period was associated with altered sleep continuity, architecture, and EEG measures, with some effects dependent on age and sex. These effects, in part, could be attributed to the effects of alcohol on underlying brain maturation processes involved in sleep–wake regulation.
Liver resection versus transarterial chemoembolisation for the treatment of intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bogdanovic Aleksandar , Djokic Kovac Jelena , Zdujic Predrag , Djindjic Uros , Dugalic Vladimir 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) is the primary treatment for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), according to the updated Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system. Although growing evidence favours liver resection (LR) over TACE for intermediate-stage HCC, the best treatment option remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the overall survival (OS) after LR versus TACE for intermediate-stage HCC.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature review of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was performed. Studies that compared the efficacy of LR and TACE in patients with intermediate (BCLC stage B) HCC were selected. According to the recent updated BCLC classification, intermediate stage of HCC was defined as follows: (a) four or more HCC nodules of any size, or (b) two or three nodules, but if at least one tumour is larger than 3 cm. The main outcome was OS, expressed as the hazard ratio.

Results:
Nine eligible studies of 3355 patients were included in the review. The OS of patients who underwent LR was significantly longer than that of patients who underwent TACE (hazard ratio=0.52; 95% CI: 0.39–0.69; I2=79%). Prolonged survival following LR was confirmed after sensitivity analysis of five studies using propensity score matching (HR=0.45; 95% CI: 0.34–0.59; I
2=55%).

Conclusion:
Patients with intermediate-stage HCC who underwent LR had a longer OS that those who underwent TACE. The role of LR in patients with BCLC stage B should be clarified in future randomised controlled trials.
Low carbohydrate availability impairs hypertrophy and anaerobic performance
Authors: Margolis Lee M. , Pasiakos Stefan M. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
Highlight contemporary evidence examining the effects of carbohydrate restriction on the intracellular regulation of muscle mass and anaerobic performance.

Recent findings
Low carbohydrate diets increase fat oxidation and decrease fat mass. Emerging evidence suggests that dietary carbohydrate restriction increases protein oxidation, thereby limiting essential amino acid availability necessary to stimulate optimal muscle protein synthesis and promote muscle recovery. Low carbohydrate feeding for 24 h increases branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) oxidation and reduces myogenic regulator factor transcription compared to mixed-macronutrient feeding. When carbohydrate restriction is maintained for 8 to 12 weeks, the alterations in anabolic signaling, protein synthesis, and myogenesis likely contribute to limited hypertrophic responses to resistance training. The blunted hypertrophic response to resistance training when carbohydrate availability is low does not affect muscle strength, whereas persistently low muscle glycogen does impair anaerobic output during high-intensity sprint and time to exhaustion tests.

Summary
Dietary carbohydrate restriction increases BCAA oxidation and impairs muscle hypertrophy and anaerobic performance, suggesting athletes who need to perform high-intensity exercise should consider avoiding dietary strategies that restrict carbohydrate.
Association of serum PCSK9 levels with platelet function in patients with acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Wang Wenting , Luo Ronghua , Pei Dean , Huang Qi , Jin Xinyao , Wu Yuanhong , Xie Mingbin , Wang Shisheng , Sui Xiangqian , Shen Bin 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) regulates low-density lipoprotein (LDL) homeostasis and plays a key role in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The cardioprotective effect of PCSK9 inhibition extends beyond LDL cholesterol reduction, involving regulation of platelet function by not yet unraveled mechanisms. Oxidized-LDL (ox-LDL) is increased during ACS and induces platelet activation via binding to platelet surface. We will evaluate serum PCSK9 and its correlation with platelet reactivity and platelet-ox-LDL binding in Chinese ACS patients.

Method and design:
In this pilot cross-sectional study, we will enroll 115 Chinese participants aged 30 to 75 years with ACS. Blood sample will be obtained after the first maintenance dose of aspirin and clopidogrel during morning time. Serum PCSK9 will be measured by an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay. Platelet reactivity will be assessed by; Platelet activation (P-selectin and GPIIbIIIa expression using flow cytometry) and; Platelet aggregation using light transmission aggregometry in response to various stimuli. On-treatment platelet reactivity is measured by adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation. Binding of ox-LDL to platelet will be evaluated by flow cytometry. Spearman correlations will be used to determine association of serum PCSK9 with platelet functional parameters and platelet-ox-LDL binding. Additionally, continuous PCSK9 levels will be categorized into tertiles of equal size to investigate its association with on-treatment platelet reactivity.

Discussion:
This study will reveal possible relationship between serum PCSK9 and platelet reactivity in the setting of ACS which may shed light on therapeutic potential in platelet inhibition by targeting PCSK9. The study will also explore the association of serum PCSK9 and platelet-ox-LDL binding, an important mechanism for platelet-LDL interplay, to provide mechanistic insight into PCSK9-mediated regulation of platelet reactivity.
Effect of electroacupuncture treatment combined with rehabilitation care on serum sirt3 level and motor function in elderly patients with stroke hemiparesis
Authors: Shen Ying , Hu Liping , Ge Jing , Li Ling 
Published: April 2023

Objective:
Acupuncture treatment helps to improve neurological and motor function in elderly patients with stroke hemiplegia. However, the exact mechanism by which electroacupuncture improves stroke hemiparesis is uncertain. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of electroacupuncture care on sirt3 levels in elderly patients with stroke hemiparesis.

Methods:
One hundred and ten elderly patients with hemiplegia after first stroke were divided into an experimental group and a control group (n = 55 in each group). The control group was given conventional rehabilitation care by a rehabilitation therapist. In the experimental group, on the basis of conventional rehabilitation care, electroacupuncture was performed once a day for 28 days.

Results:
Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) and barthel index (BI) scores were significantly higher, while neurologic deficit scale (NDS) and physiological state scores were significantly lower in both groups after 14 and 28 days of intervention compared to preintervention. The Generalized estimating equation (GEE) model also showed that the experimental group showed more favorable improvements in all outcomes at postintervention time points compared to the control group. After the intervention, serum sirt3 levels increased significantly in both groups compared to preintervention, and the increase was more pronounced in the experimental group. Consistently, the GEE model showed that serum sirt3 levels were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group at postintervention time points. Correlation analysis revealed that serum sirt3 levels in the experimental group were negatively correlated with FMA and BI pre- and postintervention, while showing a significant positive correlation with NDS and physiological state scores.

Conclusion:
Electroacupuncture intervention led to significant improvements in motor function, activities of daily living and neurological function in elderly patients with stroke hemiplegia, which may be associate with increased serum sirt3 levels.
Tumor-to-tumor metastasis: A case report of metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma to meningioma and review of the literature
Authors: Li Xue , Jing Min , Dai Yanbo , Xing Xiaoming 
Published: April 2023

Rationale:
Tumor to tumor metastasis is a rare phenomenon clinically, especially tumor to meningioma metastasis. Here, we present an unusual case of metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma to meningioma.

Patient concerns:
A 55-year-old man, with a history of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, developed neurological symptoms.

Diagnosis:
Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass on left temporoparietal lobe, indicating the presence of meningioma. The pathologist diagnosed the metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (differentiated non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma) to meningioma.

Interventions:
Chemotherapy and immunotherapy were performed following the resection.

Outcomes:
The patient has been well and no relapses has been observed.

Lessons:
Doctors should be aware of the presence of tumor-to-tumor metastasis, which is a rare phenomenon. A positive history of primary extracranial tumor should raise the suspicion of potential tumor-to-tumor metastasis.
A case report of Gitelman syndrome in children
Authors: Ying Jing , Wu Haixia , Zhang Ruizhong , Wu Pengmei , Sui Fengxuan , Li Zilong 
Published: April 2023

Rationale:
Giltelman syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive infectious disease, which is caused by the mutation of SLC12A3 gene encoding thiazide diuretic sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter located in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney.

Patient concerns:
A 7-year-old and 3-month-old male patient has poor appetite, slow growth in height and body weight since the age of 3, body weight: 16 kg (−3 standard deviation), height: 110 cm (−3 standard deviation), normal exercise ability and intelligence. One year ago, he was diagnosed with hypokalemia. After potassium supplement treatment, the blood potassium returned to normal. The patient developed abdominal pain, vomiting, limb weakness, and tetany 1 day before admission.

Diagnoses:
After admission examination, the patient was found to have hypokalemia (2.27–2.88 mmol/L), hypomagnesemia (0.47 mmol/L), hypophosphatemia (1.17 mmol/L), hypocalcemia (1.06 mmol/24 hours), and metabolic alkalosis (PH 7.60). The blood pressure is normal, and the concentration of aldosterone is 791.63 pg/mL. The adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol detected at 8 am are 4.95 pmol/L and 275.09 nmol/L, respectively. Twenty-four hours of urine potassium is 32.52 mmol. Gene sequencing results showed 2 pathogenic variants in the GS-related SLC12A3 gene, which are related to the phenotype of the subject.

Interventions:
After admission, the patients were given potassium and magnesium supplements, as well as oral spironolactone. The symptoms of limb weakness and tetany were significantly relieved. After discharge, the patients continued to maintain treatment to keep the blood potassium at more than 3.0 mmol/L, and the blood magnesium at more than 0.6 mmol/L.

Outcomes:
Follow-up at 1 month after discharge, in the patient’s self-description, he had no symptoms such as limb weakness and tetany, and his height was increased by 1 cm and the body weight increased by 1.5 kg.

Lessons:
For patients with hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and metabolic alkalosis, the possibility of GS should be given priority. After the diagnosed by gene sequencing of SLC12A3 gene, potassium and magnesium supplementation could significantly improve symptoms.
High-dose insulin and dexamethasone combined with radiotherapy in endometrial stromal sarcoma recurring with multiple metastases: A case report
Authors: Liang Libin , Wang Jun , Xie Jing , Xu Yanping , Zhang Lansen , Liu Dehui , Tong Xinglong 
Published: April 2023

Rationale:
Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) is a rare malignant tumor. There is insufficient data supporting the efficiency of current treatments in multiple metastatic settings, and novel therapeutic options for ESS are considered an area of high unmet clinical need.

Patient concerns:
We report the case of a 28-year-old woman who was diagnosed with ESS after undergoing total hysterectomy and left adnexectomy at another hospital. Two years later, the disease recurred, with multiple abdominal cavities and lung metastases. The patient was treated with a variety of chemotherapeutic drugs, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors, at the same hospital; however, none of them inhibited disease progression.

Diagnoses:
Computed tomography (CT) revealed multiple masses in the abdominal and pelvic cavities and multiple pulmonary nodules. Ultrasound-guided biopsy was performed and the tumor tissue was histologically confirmed after treatment.

Interventions:
Insulin 300–400 IU was administrated by intravenous infusion in 10% glucose (500 mL) with disodium adenosine triphosphate 60 mg, coenzyme A 100 units, 10% potassium chloride 5 mL and 25% magnesium sulfate 5 mL. Dexamethasone (20–25 mg/d) was diluted with 10 mL of 2% lidocaine and then intraperitoneally injected after ascites draw. After 9 months, the patient was referred to another center for radiotherapy.

Outcomes:
CT images tomography showed recurrent pelvic masses, and multiple abdominal cavity and lung metastases gradually shrunk with treatment. Histological biopsy revealed growth arrest of tumor cells. The patient experienced for 3-years survival.

Lessons:
High-dose insulin and dexamethasone combined with radiotherapy provides a novel and promising option for patients with multiple ESS metastases.
Successful eradication of renal allograft abscess by CT-guided percutaneous pigtail drainage: A case report
Authors: Ding Jing Gang , Zhang Ge , Wang YuHui 
Published: April 2023

Rationale:
Renal allograft abscess is an infrequent complication in kidney transplant recipients. The mainstay of treatment is adequate drainage and optimal antibiotic administration.

Patient Concerns:
A 25-year-old female who presented with dysuria, frequency, chills, fever, and allograft pain was initially diagnosed with a urinary tract infection complicated by septic shock 15 months after kidney transplantation. Ultrasound depicted a hypoechoic mass and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a lesion with no enhancement in the renal allograft. CT-guided percutaneous pigtail drainage placement was implemented.

Diagnoses:
Blood-stained pus was aspirated from the lesion in the renal allograft. The aspirate culture revealed Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis with an antibiogram consistent to urine culture. The diagnosis of renal allograft abscess originated from urinary tract infection was confirmed.

Interventions:
The patient underwent CT-guided percutaneous pigtail drainage and conducted culture of the aspirate.

Outcomes:
The patient’s symptoms immediately abated after drainage and renal allograft function recovered normally. Ultrasound and CT showed total regression of the renal allograft abscess at the 1-month outpatient follow-up.

Lessons:
Heightened alertness should be attached to that severe urinary tract infections presenting with sepsis shock and antibiotic treatment non responders are likely to progress to renal allograft abscess in kidney transplant recipients. CT-guided percutaneous pigtail drainage was a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment.
Research progress and future directions on intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm: A bibliometric and visualized analysis of over 30 years of research
Authors: Park Jae Keun , Hwang Ji Woong 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Malignant change from low-grade dysplasia to high-grade dysplasia and invasive carcinoma following an adenoma-carcinoma sequence is becoming more common in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas. The aim of this study is to analyze their main characteristics and recent research trends in IPMNs and consequently create better understandings of the current situation and trends.

Methods:
A comprehensive search was performed in The Science Citation Index Expanded of the Web of Science. All articles between 1990 and 2021 were searched. VOS viewer (Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands) was used for a qualitative and quantitative analysis of keywords, constituting maps based on co-occurrence matrix.

Results:
A total of 1658 eligible articles were screened among the 3950 identified articles for this subject. Finally, 879 articles were included in this study. Many articles on IPMN have been published in Japan and South Korea. Tanaka published the highest number of articles (n = 26, citations = 11,143). The Pancreas published the highest number of articles. (n = 100, citations = 2533). These articles were grouped into 4 clusters including basic research, disease overview, management/prognosis and malignant IPMN by using bibliometric keywords network analysis. Overlay visualization demonstrates, a trend of the studies has been changed from basic research or disease to management or prognosis.

Conclusions:
In this study, we found and highlight the most cited and influential articles related to IPMN. Plus, this study analyzed global research trends in IPMN over the past 30 years and provides insight into the features and research hotspots of the articles in IPMN research.