bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrient Management for Growth, Yield and Quality of Strawberry (Fragariax ananassa) in Vertical Hydroponics System
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Mishra Saket 
Published: August 2023

The present investigation was carried out to find out nutrient management for growth, yield attributes, yield and quality attributes of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) under vertical hydroponics tower system in Prayagraj. The experiment was conducted in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with nine treatments and three replications during November-March (2022-23) at Experimental Farm of Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The data were recorded from four randomly selected plants from each replication of the treatments for 14 characters. The 9 treatments comprising of different doses in combination of macro nutrients N:P:K , micro nutrients Zn: B: Fe and organic fertilizer sea weed extract were given in three different stages of the crop i.e., seedling stage, vegetative growth stage and reproductive stage . Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) as plant growth regulator (PGR) was applied in reproductive stage of the crop at the time of flowering for better fruit set. Aqueous solution of nutrients applied at seedling stage followed by vegetative growth stage and reproductive stage , treatment T7 comprising of N- 7.5, 8.5 and 9.5 g/10 litres of water at all three stages, respectively, P- 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 g/10 litres of water at all three stages, respectively, K- 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 g/10 litres of water, at all three stages, respectively, Zn- 0.25,0.35 and 0.45g/10 l of water at all three stages, respectively , B – 0.35, 0.45 and 0.55g/10 litres of water at all three stages, respectively, Fe- 0.65,0.75 and 0.85 mg/10 litres of water at all three stages, respectively and organic fertilizer (see weed extract) @ 8 and 10 ml/ 10 litres of water at seedling and vegetative stages and NAA @ 300 ppm was applied at reproductive stage for fruit settings was the best and recorded maximum plant height (18.42cm),plant spread area (18.58cm2), number of leaves per plant (8.21), root length (16.03cm), leaf area (47.75cm2), number of flowers per plant (14.47), number of fruits per plant (14), yield per treatment (1.451kg) with B: C ratio (1:2.72) and quality of the strawberry as TSS (9.330brix), titratable acidity (1.33%) and ascorbic acid (60.45 mg/100g) followed by T6 and T5.
Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth, Yield and Quality of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Katta Deepika , Deepanshu  
Published: August 2023

An experiment entitled Effect of plant growth regulators on growth, yield and quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was conducted at Horticulture Research Field, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj during July-October, 2022. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with thirteen treatments and replicated thrice. The growth regulators were sprayed at two true leaf stage and four true leaf stages. Data was collected from vine length, days to first appearance of male flowers, days to first appearance of female flowers, days to 50% pistillate flowers, days to first harvest, length of fruit, fruit weight, fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant, average yield per plant, yield per hectare, Total Soluble Solids, and vitamin C and analyzed using analysis of variance. Results showed that GA3 175 ppm sprayed at 2 and 4 true leaf stage of cucumber hybrid TMCU-1107 was superior in terms of vine length (119.56cm), days to first appearance of male flowers (32.16), days to first appearance of female flowers (38.2), days to 50% pistillate flowers (41.2), days to first harvest (52.41), fruit weight (255.86g), length of the fruit (17.27cm), fruit diameter (4.82cm), number of fruits per plant (12.16), average yield per plant (3117.11g), yield per hectare (27.7t/ha), TSS (4.23 0Brix), Vitamin C (2.05mg/100g).
Problems Encountered by Coconut Growers by Adopting TNAU Coconut Tonic and their Perceived Benefits
Authors: Karthickraja M. , Premavathi R. , Vanetha K. P. , Senthil A. , Selvi R. Gangai 
Published: August 2023

Aim: The study aims to analyse the problems encountered by Coconut growers by adopting the TNAU Coconut tonic and their perceived benefits.
Study Design: Ex post facto research design.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Coimbatore district which represents a major coconut-growing tract of the Western zone of Tamil Nadu.
Methodology: From the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu, 120 Coconut growers from three different blocks namely Pollachi (North), Pollachi (South) and Anaimalai block were purposively selected for conducting the study. Data were collected from coconut growers who are all adopting TNAU Coconut tonic. The well-structured pre-tested interview schedule was used to collect data from farmers. Garrett ranking and weighted average method were computed to analyse the constraints and perceived benefits of coconut growers who are all adopting the TNAU Coconut tonic as their nutrient management practices.
Results: The major constraints were reported by the growers viz., availability of tonic at TNAU (8.75%), Unskilled labour (8.57%), difficulty to identify the root (8.04%), the absorption rate of tonic is low (7.92%), non-availability of labour (7.31%), high cost of labour (7.13%), High cost of crop boosters (6.81%), poor knowledge on the availability of tonic at TNAU Agri cart, Coconut Research Station, Aliyar & Courier services (6.45%) as major constraints. The obtained key benefits include increased chlorophyll content and greenness of leaves (16.93), improved photosynthetic efficiency of leaves (11.73), decreases button shedding (30.53), increased number and size of nut (22.27), increased nut yield up to 20 per cent (18.20), increased longevity and vigour of the palm (19.40) and resistance to pests, diseases and environmental stresses (24.20) shows that maximum number of coconut growers benefited by adopting TNAU Coconut tonic.
Conclusion: To overcome these constraints, concerted efforts from researchers with government and institutional support set forth the easy adoption of TNAU Coconut tonic. The adoption of TNAU Coconut tonic technology brings forth a multitude of perceived benefits to the coconut growers, along with their conventional, recommended nutrient management practices and the livelihood of coconut growers will be improved.
Impact of Different Levels of NPK and Neem Cake on Soil Health under Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Var. Gomati
Authors: Dutta Soumen , Swaroop Narendra , Thomas Tarence , Mistri Taniya 
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was conducted during March-June (Late Zaid) 2022 at the research farm of Department Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, NAI, SHUATS, laid out in Randomized Block Design. To achieve higher growth and yield of rainy cowpea variety Gomati, it was observed that application of @ 100% NPK+ @ 100% Neem Cake has shown effective growth under Prayagraj climatic conditions but also improved significantly. physical and chemical properties of soil. This physico-chemical like Bulk density, Partical density, Pore space (%), Water Holding Capacity (%), pH, Electrical conductivity (dS m-1), Organic Carbon (%), Available Nitrogen (kg ha-1), Available Phosphorous (kg ha-1), Available Potassium (kg ha-1) were analysis. Result revealed that Soil Organic carbon content, Water holding capacity and available NPK significantly increased in after harvest of cowpea in T9, whereas Bulk density (Mg m-3), particle density (Mg m-3) and pH recorded minimum value. Therefore treatment T9 was best in terms of growth, yield and economic parameters with maximum plant height, number of branches plant-1, pods plant-1, seeds pod-1, pod yield and maximum cost benefit ratio.
The Economics of Entrepreneurship: Drivers, Impacts, and Policy Implications
Authors: Borah Amar Jyoti , Bhowal Amalesh 
Published: August 2023

The study of entrepreneurship as an economic phenomenon has evolved over the years, with seminal works by scholars laying the foundation for understanding its multifaceted nature. The objective of the research paper "The Economics of Entrepreneurship: Drivers, Impacts, and Policy Implications" is to investigate and analyze the multifaceted aspects of entrepreneurship and its role in driving economic growth and development. Additionally, the research seeks to assess the effectiveness of existing policies and initiatives aimed at promoting entrepreneurship and propose evidence-based policy recommendations to foster a conducive environment for entrepreneurial ventures. The methodology employed in the research involves a comprehensive and systematic approach to gather and analyze data. Firstly, a literature review is conducted to gain insights into existing theories, studies, and empirical evidence related to entrepreneurship, economic growth, and policy implications. Secondly, data is collected from various sources, such as government reports, surveys, and databases, to assess the level of entrepreneurial activity, its impact on the economy, and the effectiveness of existing policies. The significance of the research paper lies in its potential to contribute valuable insights to the field of entrepreneurship and its implications for economic development. By comprehensively exploring the various drivers and impacts of entrepreneurial activities, this study aims to shed light on the crucial role of entrepreneurship in fostering innovation, job creation, and economic growth.
The findings from this study indicate that entrepreneurship plays a vital role in stimulating economic growth, job creation, and innovation. It is evident that entrepreneurial ventures contribute significantly to GDP growth and job opportunities, thereby enhancing overall economic development [1,2]. The research also highlights the significance of effective policy measures to promote and support entrepreneurship. Government initiatives, such as tax incentives, access to financing, and business development programs, are instrumental in creating a conducive environment for entrepreneurial activities [3,4]. In conclusion, this study underscores the pivotal role of entrepreneurship in driving economic growth and development. It emphasizes the need for policymakers to formulate strategies that facilitate entrepreneurial activities and mitigate the challenges faced by entrepreneurs. By adopting effective policy implications, countries can harness the potential of entrepreneurship to achieve sustainable economic prosperity [5,6].
Comparison of Particulate Air Pollution From Different Emission Sources and Incident Dementia in the US
Authors: Zhang Boya , Weuve Jennifer , Langa Kenneth M. , D’Souza Jennifer , Szpiro Adam , Faul Jessica , Mendes de Leon Carlos , Gao Jiaqi , Kaufman Joel D. , Sheppard Lianne , Lee Jinkook , Kobayashi Lindsay C. , Hirth Richard , Adar Sara D. 
Published: August 2023

ImportanceEmerging evidence indicates that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution may increase dementia risk in older adults. Although this evidence suggests opportunities for intervention, little is known about the relative importance of PM2.5 from different emission sources.ObjectiveTo examine associations of long-term exposure of total and source-specific PM2.5 with incident dementia in older adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Environmental Predictors of Cognitive Health and Aging study used biennial survey data from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2016, for participants in the Health and Retirement Study, which is a nationally representative, population-based cohort study in the US. The present cohort study included all participants older than 50 years who were without dementia at baseline and had available exposure, outcome, and demographic data between 1998 and 2016 (N = 27 857). Analyses were performed from January 31 to May 1, 2022.ExposuresThe 10-year mean total PM2.5 and PM2.5 from 9 emission sources at participant residences for each month during follow-up using spatiotemporal and chemical transport models.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was incident dementia as classified by a validated algorithm incorporating respondent-based cognitive testing and proxy respondent reports. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated for incident dementia per IQR of residential PM2.5 concentrations using time-varying, weighted Cox proportional hazards regression models with adjustment for the individual- and area-level risk factors.ResultsAmong 27 857 participants (mean [SD] age, 61 [10] years; 15 747 [56.5%] female), 4105 (15%) developed dementia during a mean (SD) follow-up of 10.2 [5.6] years. Higher concentrations of total PM2.5 were associated with greater rates of incident dementia (HR, 1.08 per IQR; 95% CI, 1.01-1.17). In single pollutant models, PM2.5 from all sources, except dust, were associated with increased rates of dementia, with the strongest associations for agriculture, traffic, coal combustion, and wildfires. After control for PM2.5 from all other sources and copollutants, only PM2.5 from agriculture (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01-1.27) and wildfires (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.08) were robustly associated with greater rates of dementia.Conclusion and RelevanceIn this cohort study, higher residential PM2.5 levels, especially from agriculture and wildfires, were associated with higher rates of incident dementia, providing further evidence supporting PM2.5 reduction as a population-based approach to promote healthy cognitive aging. These findings also indicate that intervening on key emission sources might have value, although more research is needed to confirm these findings.
Inflammation‐Regulated Auto Aggregated Hydrogel Microspheres Via Anchoring Cartilage Deep Matrix for Genes Delivery
Authors: Chen Liang , Zhang Jun , Wang Juan , Lin Jiawei , Luo Xiaoji , Cui Wenguo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe high density structure of cartilage matrix negative charge seriously hinders the penetration and enrichment of drugs/genes into cartilage tissue. In this study, hexachlorocyclotriphosphonitrile is used as the core to prepare self‐polymerized phosphorus dendrimers with inflammatory reaction through substitution and condensation reaction. The vector can achieve efficient penetration of the damaged articular cartilage (slightly acidic condition) and effective anchoring of cartilage matrix (normal physiological condition) through the size effect under inflammatory response. Meanwhile, as a gene “delivery library,” G1‐NC5.HCl@siRNA is gradually released with microspheres degrading; the long‐term silencing of specific genes is realized. Further, G1‐NC5.HCl@siRNA is loaded into the hydrogel microspheres by ionic bond coordination and microfluidic techniques to improve the residency effect of G1‐NC5.HCl@siRNA in the joint cavity. The results of cartilage in vitro and in vivo experiments show that the gene complex has a better penetration effect at pH = 6.6, and the cartilage penetration effect decreases at pH = 7.6, which can effectively anchor in the cartilage matrix site for continuous drug delivery. Further, the composite hydrogel microspheres significantly improve the degeneration of osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage and promote cartilage regeneration. Therefore, the self‐polymerized hydrogel microsphere delivery system with inflammatory response is a promising penetrant/anchoring carrier system for OA treatment.
A Facile Strategy to Fabricate Tough and Adhesive Elastomers by In Situ Formation of Coordination Complexes as Physical Crosslinks
Authors: Hu Jia Yu , Jiao Dejin , Hao Xing Peng , Kong Xiangren , Zhang Xin Ning , Du Miao , Zheng Qiang , Wu Zi Liang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCoordination bonds with a dynamic nature and wide‐spectrum bond energy have gained great popularity in use for fabricating tough soft materials. However, most existing coordination‐based elastomers are prepared through complicated procedures, usually involving elaborate synthesis of ligand‐containing monomers or polymers, ion diffusion to form coordination complexes, and removal of organic solvent during the synthesis, which are neither easy operation nor environmentally friendly. Here, a facile and effective strategy is demonstrated to fabricate tough metallosupramolecular elastomers by one‐pot polymerization of aqueous precursor solutions containing commercial agents, 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid, 2‐[2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl acrylate, and Zr4+ ions. After solvent (i.e. water) evaporation, the obtained elastomers are transparent and extremely tough owing to the presence of sulfonate‐Zr4+ coordination complexes as physical crosslinks. Their mechanical properties are tunable over a wide spectrum by adjusting the composition of copolymers and the density of coordination bonds. This eco‐friendly strategy is further extended to various commercial monomers, manifesting good universality to toughen elastomers. Furthermore, the abundant functional groups of copolymers make the elastomers adhesive to various substrates including themselves, favoring applications such as interfacial adhesion and encapsulations. The easy fabrication, tunable mechanical properties, and adhesion ability endow the elastomers with great potential as the substrate of wearable soft electronics.
Bivalent Gadolinium Ions Forming Injectable Hydrogels for Simultaneous In Situ Vaccination Therapy and Imaging of Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Wang Chun , Jing Yuanhao , Yu Wenting , Gu Jie , Wei Zijian , Chen Anni , Yen Ying‐Tzu , He Xiaowen , Cen Lanqi , Chen Aoxing , Song Xueru , Wu Yirong , Yu Lixia , Tao Gaojian , Liu Baorui , Wang Shoufeng , Xue Bin , Li Rutian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX) is the classic soft tissue sarcomas (STS) first‐line treatment drug, while dose‐dependent myelosuppression and cardiotoxicity limit its application in clinic. This research intends to apply DOX, which is also an inducer of immunogenic cell death as a part for “in situ vaccination” and conjointly uses PD‐1 inhibitors to enhance antitumor efficacy. In order to achieve the sustained vaccination effect and real‐time monitoring of distribution in vivo, the in situ forming and injectable hydrogel platform with the function of visualization is established for local delivery. The hydrogel platform is synthesized by hyaluronic acid‐dopamine coordinated with gadolinium ions (Gd2+). Gd2+ provides the ability of magnetic resonance imaging, meanwhile further cross‐linking the hydrogel network. Experiments show excellent ability of sustained release and imaging tracking for the hydrogel platform. In mouse STS models, the “in situ vaccination” hydrogels show the best effect of inhibiting tumor growth. Further analysis of tumor tissues show that “in situ vaccination” group can increase T cell infiltration, promote M1‐type macrophage polarization and block elevated PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway caused by DOX. These results are expected to prove the potential for synthesized hydrogels to achieve a universal platform for “in situ vaccination” strategies on STS treatments.
Complexation‐Induced Resolution Enhancement Pleiotropic Small Diameter Vascular Constructs with Superior Antibacterial and Angiogenesis Properties
Authors: Xu Huilun , Liu Zhengjiang , Wei Yan , Hu Yinchun , Zhao Liqin , Wang Longfei , Liang Ziwei , Lian Xiaojie , Chen Weiyi , Wang Jiucun , Yu Zhaoyan , Ma Xudong , Huang Di 
Published: August 2023

Abstract3D printing has been widely applied for preparing artificial blood vessels, which will bring innovation to cardiovascular disorder intervention. However, the printing resolution and anti‐infection properties of small‐diameter vessels (Φ < 6 mm) have been challenging in 3D printing. The primary objective of this research is to design a novel coaxial 3D‐printing postprocessing method for preparing small‐size blood vessels with improved antibacterial and angiogenesis properties. The coaxial printing resolution can be more conveniently improved. Negatively charged polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and alginate (Alg) interpenetrating networks artificial vessels are immersed in positively charged chitosan (CTS) solution. Rapid dimensional shrinkage takes place on its outer surface through electrostatic interactions. The maximum shrinkage size of wall thickness can reach 61.2%. The vessels demonstrate strong antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli (98.8 ± 0.5%) and Staphylococcus aureus (97.6 ± 1.4%). In rat dorsal skin grafting experiments, Cu2+ can promote angiogenesis by regulating hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 pathway. No artificial blood vessel blockage occurs after 5 days of blood circulation in vitro.
Microfibrous Scaffolds Guide Stem Cell Lumenogenesis and Brain Organoid Engineering
Authors: Ritzau‐Reid Kaja I. , Callens Sebastien J. P. , Xie Ruoxiao , Cihova Martina , Reumann Daniel , Grigsby Christopher L. , Prados‐Martin Lino , Wang Richard , Moore Axel C. , Armstrong James P. K. , Knoblich Juergen A. , Stevens Molly M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract3D organoids are widely used as tractable in vitro models capable of elucidating aspects of human development and disease. However, the manual and low‐throughput culture methods, coupled with a low reproducibility and geometric heterogeneity, restrict the scope and application of organoid research. Combining expertise from stem cell biology and bioengineering offers a promising approach to address some of these limitations. Here, melt electrospinning writing is used to generate tuneable grid scaffolds that can guide the self‐organization of pluripotent stem cells into patterned arrays of embryoid bodies. Grid geometry is shown to be a key determinant of stem cell self‐organization, guiding the position and size of emerging lumens via curvature‐controlled tissue growth. Two distinct methods for culturing scaffold‐grown embryoid bodies into either interconnected or spatially discrete cerebral organoids are reported. These scaffolds provide a high‐throughput method to generate, culture, and analyze large numbers of organoids, substantially reducing the time investment and manual labor involved in conventional methods of organoid culture. It is anticipated that this methodological development will open up new opportunities for guiding pluripotent stem cell culture, studying lumenogenesis, and generating large numbers of uniform organoids for high‐throughput screening.
All‐Optical Data Processing with Photon‐Avalanching Nanocrystalline Photonic Synapse
Authors: Bednarkiewicz Artur , Szalkowski Marcin , Majak Martyna , Korczak Zuzanna , Misiak Małgorzata , Maćkowski Sebastian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractData processing and storage in electronic devices are typically performed as a sequence of elementary binary operations. Alternative approaches, such as neuromorphic or reservoir computing, are rapidly gaining interest where data processing is relatively slow, but can be performed in a more comprehensive way or massively in parallel, like in neuronal circuits. Here, time‐domain all‐optical information processing capabilities of photon‐avalanching (PA) nanoparticles at room temperature are discovered. Demonstrated functionality resembles properties found in neuronal synapses, such as: paired‐pulse facilitation and short‐term internal memory, in situ plasticity, multiple inputs processing, and all‐or‐nothing threshold response. The PA‐memory‐like behavior shows capability of machine‐learning‐algorithm‐free feature extraction and further recognition of 2D patterns with simple 2 input artificial neural network. Additionally, high nonlinearity of luminescence intensity in response to photoexcitation mimics and enhances spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity that is coherent in nature with the way a sound source is localized in animal neuronal circuits. Not only are yet unexplored fundamental properties of photon‐avalanche luminescence kinetics studied, but this approach, combined with recent achievements in photonics, light confinement and guiding, promises all‐optical data processing, control, adaptive responsivity, and storage on photonic chips.