bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracing relevance beyond codes and across modes
Authors: Al Tamimi Turath Awad , Altahmazi Thulfiqar H. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Drawing on Relevance Theory, the paper sketches out a framework that accounts for inference-making in creative
multimodal texts, taking advocacy campaign posters as its case study. The analysis shows that in each poster semiotic resources
are employed to create a micro-narrative exemplifying actors affected by a sociopolitical problem, whose function is to create
assumptions against which a higher-order intention is recognized. The text-internal relevance within the micro-narrative is
optimized by combining verbal and visual elements to communicate multimodal explicatures and implicatures. The visual elements are
employed to invoke non-propositional effects that activate perceptual mechanisms to maximize emotional attachment with the issue
advocated for. These non-propositional effects communicated by visual connotation carriers are essential, rather than extra,
elements, contributing to the understanding of the propositional meaning communicated at the text-external level. The analysis
shows that an inferential approach to multimodality is indispensable to account for (non)propositional content across different
modes.
Development of the first relativistic electron loss probe with pitch and energy resolution in the DIII-D tokamak
Authors: Du X D , Kramer G J , Heidbrink W W , Mischenko N , Taussig D , Hong S , Lasnier C J , Van Zeeland M A , Eidietis N W , Rueda-Rueda J , Liu D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A relativistic electron probe has been developed in the DIII-D tokamak, capable of simultaneously resolving pitch angles and energies of runaway electrons (REs) for the first time. Due to the relativistic speeds of REs, their gyro-orbit size becomes comparable to those of fast deuterium with energies in the tens of keV range. This allows for the measurement of RE strike images on a phosphor plane, with their orbits being deflected by the Lorentz force as they pass through a pinhole aperture. The strike positions correspond to the energies and pitch of the incident REs. Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code has shown that an ultra-thin phosphor coating significantly reduces the energy deposition from γ-rays, while allowing a much greater deposition from REs, minimizing the background noise. The novel system, developed for the DIII-D tokamak, is expected to provide unprecedented insights into the phase-space dynamics of REs.
Two-dimensional inference of divertor plasma characteristics: advancements to a multi-instrument Bayesian analysis system
Authors: Greenhouse D , Bowman C , Lipschultz B , Verhaegh K , Fil A , Harrison J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
An integrated data analysis system based on Bayesian inference has been developed for application to data from multiple diagnostics over the two-dimensional cross-section of tokamak divertors. The divertor multi-instrument Bayesian analysis system (D-MIBAS) has been tested on a synthetic dataset (including realistic experimental uncertainties) generated from SOLPS-ITER predictions of the MAST-U divertor. The resulting inference was within 6%, 5%, and 30% median absolute percentage error of the SOLPS-ITER-predicted electron temperature, electron density, and neutral atomic hydrogen density, respectively, across a two-dimensional poloidal cross-section of the MAST-U Super-X outer divertor. To accommodate molecular contributions to Balmer emission, an advanced emission model has been developed. This is shown to be crucial for inference accuracy. Our D-MIBAS system utilises a mesh aligned to poloidal magnetic flux-surfaces, throughout the divertor, with plasma parameters assigned to each mesh vertex and collectively considered in the inference. This allowed comprehensive forward models of multiple diagnostics and the inclusion of expected physics. This is shown to be important for inference precision when including molecular contributions to Balmer emission. These developments pave the way for accurate, two-dimensional electron temperature, electron density, and neutral atomic hydrogen density inferences for MAST-U divertor experimental data for the first time.
Impurity effects on quasi-linear particle transport induced by ubiquitous modes in tokamak plasmas
Authors: He J Y , Li J , Shen Y , He R , Liu L , Zheng Y , Li M L , Zhang X Y 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The impurity effects on quasi-linear turbulent transport induced by ubiquitous modes (UMs) and typical trapped electron modes (ty-TEMs) in tokamak plasmas are numerically investigated and identified, employing a full gyrokinetic description for main and impurity ions. The overall characterization of TEMs is demonstrated to be categorized into typical TEM (propagation in the electron diamagnetic drift direction

ω
~

r

>
0

) and UM (propagation in the ion diamagnetic drift direction

ω
~

r

<
0

). The behaviors of both instabilities and induced particle transports in the presence of impurity ions are studied in the broad parameter regions, containing the effects of concentration, density gradients, charge and mass numbers of impurity ions, temperature gradients as well as temperature ratio. The results indicate that the ty-TEM and UM instability and induced particle flux of main ion and electron exhibit distinct responses to the impurity density gradients, particularly for the case of negative

L

ez

. Moreover, large ion and electron temperature gradients, high electron-to-impurity temperature ratios, and heavier impurities with higher charge numbers

Z

significantly enhance the stabilizing effect on UMs and more effectively reduce the particle flux. Significantly, the inward particle fluxes of both electrons and main ions and outward impurity fluxes can be observed in a sufficiently high

k
θ

ρ

s

range, such as

k
θ

ρ

s

>
4

, where UMs dominate. The above benefits for the formation and maintenance of particle pinch and the mitigation of impurity ion accumulation.
Fluid versus kinetic response to low-n magnetic perturbations in high-β HL-3 plasmas and effect of edge safety factor variation
Authors: Li C Y , Hao G Z , Liu Y Q , Wang L , Dong G Q , Zhang N , Zhao Y F , Liu Y H Z 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This work systematically studies the plasma response to externally applied resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) fields designed to control edge localized modes (ELMs) in the HL-3 reference plasmas, utilizing the MARS-F/K code (Liu et al 2000 Phys. Plasmas
7 3681; Liu et al 2008 Phys. Plasmas
15 112503). The single-fluid resistive model predicts a significant increase in the plasma response amplitude as the plasma pressure approaches the Troyon no-wall limit (

β

N

no-wall-limit

), in contrast to strong suppression of the response amplitude with the MHD-kinetic hybrid model, for both the n = 1 and n = 2 perturbations (where n is the toroidal mode number). Based on the linear response analysis, it is proposed that the kinetic resonance between the RMP perturbation and particle drift motions changes the growth rate of the relevant modes (mainly kink modes), thereby altering the strength of the plasma response. Finally, results with the MHD-kinetic hybrid model indicate the presence of a window in edge safety factor for achieving ELM control at high-β

N
(near

β

N

no-wall-limit

), whose size and magnitude is essentially independent of pressure. This also supports the analytic results of the linear response model regarding the relationship between mode stability and response strength.
Dynamical interiors of black-bounce spacetimes
Authors: Pal Kunal , Pal Kuntal , Sarkar Tapobrata 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Using the Israel-Darmois junction conditions, we obtain a class of regular dynamical interiors to the recently proposed black-bounce spacetimes
which regularises the Schwarzschild singularity by introducing a regularisation parameter. We show that a regularised Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker
like interior geometry can not be matched smoothly with the exterior black-bounce spacetime through a timelike hypersurface, as there
always exists a thin shell of non-zero energy-momentum tensor at the matching hypersurface. We obtain the expressions for the energy density
and pressure corresponding to the thin-shell surface energy-momentum tensor in terms of the regularisation parameter and derive an evolution equation for the
scale factor of the interior geometry by imposing physical conditions on these components. We also discuss the formation of the event horizon inside the interior in the case when the initial conditions are such that the
situation describes a collapsing matter cloud. We elaborate upon the physical implications of these results.
Constraining the impact of standard model phase transitions on primordial black holes
Authors: Pritchard Xavier , Byrnes Christian T. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Phase transitions in the early universe lead to a reduction in the equation of state of
the primordial plasma. This exponentially enhances the formation rate of primordial black
holes. However, this sensitivity to the equation of state is the same that primordial black hole
abundances show to the primordial curvature power spectrum amplitude. In this paper, we
investigate peaked power spectra and show the challenges associated with motivating populations of
primordial black holes with standard model enhancements. The parametrisation of different power
spectra plays an important role in this discussion. The allowed parameter space consistent with a
large QCD phase transition impact on the primordial black hole abundance differs greatly. This is
particularly evident for broader spectra. We also show that, in our framework, the electroweak
phase transition cannot significantly affect the overall abundance.
Inhomogeneous MHz-scale intensity noise in double-pass fiber amplifiers
Authors: Poddubrovskii N R , Lobach I A , Podivilov E V , Kablukov S I 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Here we report about the first demonstration of periodic MHz-scale inhomogeneous relative intensity noise (RIN) induced in double-pass fiber amplifiers. An Er:Yb-doped double-pass fiber amplifier operating near 1570.2 nm and stable continuous-wave single-frequency radiation source are used for the demonstration. The periodic structure of RIN has typical period of units of MHz observed in the range of 0–50 MHz and is formed in the radio-frequency spectrum of the amplified signal. It was found that the key factor influencing period of the RIN structure is spacing between the active fiber and a reflector forming the double-pass amplifier configuration. The population dynamics gratings formed in the active fiber are considered to be responsible for the formation of the periodic RIN structure. Here we investigate an influence of various factors on the period and positions of the RIN structure maxima. The results obtained can be used for designing single-frequency double-pass fiber amplifiers.
Optimizing cost through dynamic stochastic resetting
Authors: Gupta Deepak , Cleuren Bart 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The cost of stochastic resetting is considered within the context of a discrete random walk (RW) model. In addition to standard stochastic resetting, for which a reset occurs with a certain probability after each step, we introduce a novel resetting protocol which we dubbed dynamic resetting. This protocol entails an additional dynamic constraint related to the direction of successive steps of the RW. We study this novel protocol for a one-dimensional RW on an infinite lattice. We analyze the impact of the constraint on the walker’s mean-first passage time and the cost (fluctuations) of the resets as a function of distance of target from the resetting location. Further, cost optimized search strategies are discussed.
Residual analysis based neutron-gamma pulses segregation of liquid scintillator detector
Authors: Paul R.K. , Bhattacherjee R. , Bitragunta S. , Das A. , Banerjee A. , Dhara P. , Samanta T. , Pal S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
An innovative residual analysis based method is proposed for
pulse shape discrimination and segregation of neutron and gamma
pulses of liquid scintillator-based detector (BC501A). This study
develops a simple and efficient algorithm for discrimination of
neutrons and gammas from mixed environment and then segregate the
neutron and gamma pulses into two label datasets. This method
involves analyzing the residuals between the measured pulse and the
reference gamma pulse in normalized scale. By examining these
residuals, users can identify characteristics unique to each type of
radiation. The pulse shape discrimination performance obtained for a
5 inches by 5 inches (length by diameter) liquid scintillator
detector using this residual method is found to be 20% better
compared to that obtained using traditional charge comparison
method.
Optimizing spin dressing sensitivity for the nEDMSF experiment
Authors: Cianciolo V. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
nEDMSF aims to measure the neutron electric dipole moment
(dn
) with unprecedented precision. In this paper we explore the
experiment's sensitivity when operating with an implementation of
the critical dressing method in which the angle between the neutron
and Helium-3 spins (ϕ
3n
) is subjected to a square modulation
by an amount ϕ

d
(the “dressing angle”). Several parameters
can be tuned to optimize sensitivity. We find roughly 10%
improvement over a previous estimate, resulting primarily from the
addition of a waiting period between the π/2 pulse that
initiates dn
-driven ϕ
3n
growth and the start of
ϕ
3n
modulation. We find negligible further improvement by
allowing ϕ

d
to vary continuously over the course of a run, and
no degradation resulting from the addition of an in situ
background measurement into each ϕ
3n
modulation sequence. A
complete simulation confirms a 300 live-day sensitivity of
σ = 1.45×10-28
e ·cm. At this level of
sensitivity, σ

ϕ

3n

0 = 1 mrad precision on the
initial n/3He angle difference is not negligible.
The establishment of blue-sky index: how to quantify the aerosol optical impacts on sky color
Authors: Shen Sunan , Wang Jiandong , Liu Chao , Xing Jia , Wang Jiaping , Cai Jing , Tian Zeyuan , Wang Peng , Zheng Guangjie , Jin Yuzhi , Wang Chenggang , Cao Le , Zhang Zhouyang , Wang Bin , Ding Aijun , Wang Shuxiao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Color of the sky serves as a direct indicator of haze, while also exerting substantial influence on human physiological and psychological well-being, as well as the overall environmental scenery. However, quantifying color changes is quite challenging. This research develops a quantitative approach for evaluating the influence of atmospheric aerosol pollution on the appearance of the sky. We first calculated the influence of atmospheric aerosols on the sky’s diffuse radiation, which is the source of sky color. Then, we mapped the diffuse radiation onto a perceptually uniform color space to quantify alterations in sky color. The results reveal that the relationship between aerosol concentration and sky color change follows a logarithmic-like distribution: the higher the concentration, the weaker the change in sky color per unit increase in aerosol concentration. Consequently, during the early phases of air pollution control implementation, there may be minimal observable changes in the color of the sky. However, as these measures are further enforced, a discernible bluing effect on the sky will become evident. Based on the quantification of the change of sky color, a blue-sky index (BSI) was established. We find that concurrent with improvements in air quality resulting from emission reduction measures, the BSI has significantly decreased in recent years in China. This trend indicates an increase in the frequency of blue-sky occurrences.
Satellite monitoring of annual US landfill methane emissions and trends
Authors: Balasus Nicholas , Jacob Daniel J , Maxemin Gabriel , Jenks Carrie , Nesser Hannah , Maasakkers Joannes D , Cusworth Daniel H , Scarpelli Tia R , Varon Daniel J , Wang Xiaolin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We use satellite observations of atmospheric methane from the TROPOMI instrument to estimate total annual methane emissions for 2019–2023 from four large Southeast US landfills with gas collection and control systems. The emissions are on average 6× higher than the values reported by the landfills to the US Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP) which are used by the US Environmental Protection Agency for its national Greenhouse Gas Inventory (GHGI). We find increasing emissions over the 2019–2023 period whereas the GHGRP reports a decrease. The GHGRP requires gas-collecting landfills to estimate their annual emissions either with a recovery-first model (estimating emissions as a function of methane recovered) or a generation-first model (estimating emissions from a first-order decay applied to waste-in-place). All four landfills choose to use the recovery-first model, which yields emissions that are one-quarter of those from the generation-first model and decreasing over 2019–2023, in contrast with the TROPOMI observations. Our TROPOMI estimates for two of the landfills agree with the generation-first model, with increasing emissions over 2019–2023 due to increasing waste-in-place or decreasing methane recovery, and are still higher than the generation-first model for the other two landfills. Further examination of the GHGRP emissions from all reporting landfills in the US shows that the 19% decrease in landfill emissions reported by the GHGI over 2005–2022 reflects an increasing preference for the recovery-first model by the reporting landfills, rather than an actual emission decrease. The generation-first model would imply an increase in landfill emissions over 2013–2022, and this is more consistent with atmospheric observations.
Digital light processing 3D bioprinting of biomimetic corneal stroma equivalent using gelatin methacryloyl and oxidized carboxymethylcellulose interpenetrating network hydrogel
Authors: Chand Rashik , Janarthanan Gopinathan , Elkhoury Kamil , Vijayavenkataraman Sanjairaj 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Corneal blindness, a leading cause of visual impairment globally, has created a pressing need for alternatives to corneal transplantation due to the severe shortage of donor tissues. In this study, we present a novel interpenetrating network hydrogel composed of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose (OxiCMC) for bioprinting a biomimetic corneal stroma equivalent. We tested different combinations of GelMA and OxiCMC to optimize printability and subsequently evaluated these combinations using rheological studies for gelation and other physical, chemical, and biological properties. Using digital light processing (DLP) bioprinting, with tartrazine as a photoabsorber, we successfully biofabricated three-dimensional constructs with improved shape fidelity, high resolution, and excellent reproducibility. The bioprinted constructs mimic the native corneal stroma’s curvature, with central and peripheral thicknesses of 478.9 ± 56.5 µm and 864.0 ± 79.3 µm, respectively. The dual crosslinking strategy, which combines Schiff base reaction and photocrosslinking, showed an improved compressive modulus (106.3 ± 7.7 kPa) that closely matched that of native tissues (115.3 ± 13.6 kPa), without relying on synthetic polymers, toxic crosslinkers, or nanoparticles. Importantly, the optical transparency of tartrazine-containing corneal constructs was comparable to the native cornea following phosphate-buffered saline washing. Morphological analyses using scanning electron microscopy confirmed the improved porosity, interconnected network, and structural integrity of the GelMA-OxiCMC hydrogel, facilitating better nutrient diffusion and cell viability. In vitro biological assays demonstrated high cell viability (>93%) and desirable proliferation of human corneal keratocytes within the biofabricated constructs. Our findings indicate that the GelMA-OxiCMC hydrogel system for DLP bioprinting presents a promising alternative for corneal tissue engineering, offering a potential solution to the donor cornea shortage and advancing regenerative medicine for corneal repair.
Regulation on the pantograph-catenary arc by alternating transverse magnetic field
Authors: Yang Zefeng , Huang Chun , Luo Yunfeng , Huang Zhiwen , Xia Langyu , Zhang Huan , Zhou Shangang , Dong Keliang , Wei Wenfu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The pantograph-catenary arc has persistently posed a challenge, impeding the advancement of high-speed rail systems. As the velocity of high-speed trains continues to escalate and environmental conditions become increasingly complex, the phenomenon of pantograph-catenary arc drifting has intensified, thereby jeopardizing the safe operation of the trains. To enhance the stability of the pantograph-catenary arc, this paper proposes a method to regulate arc using an AC transverse magnetic field (ATMF) and investigates the regulation law of ATMF on an arc in airflow environment. The results indicate that ATMF can effectively maintain arc stability, with stability enhancing as magnetic field frequency increases up to a threshold value. In an airflow environment, the stabilization effect is maximized at a frequency of 50 Hz, with arc voltage fluctuation at 4.65 V, accounting for only 5.47% of total arc voltage. It is also found that the arc temperature increases with the frequency of the magnetic field, reaching 4743 K at 10 Hz and 4976 K at 1000 Hz. In addition, the effects of sinusoidal, triangular and rectangular magnetic field excitation currents on the arc are investigated, it is found that the arc shows the greatest stability in the triangular field, with a voltage fluctuation of 3.04 V. This study provides theoretical support for the application of ATMF regulation to enhance the stability of the pantograph-catenary arc.
Émile Paladilhe, Solo for Oboe (1898)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores the historical context and musical analysis of Émile Paladilhe’s Solo for Oboe (1898). This era marked a separation between composer and performer roles, where performers tried to faithfully reproduce the intentions of composers. Georges Gillet, a renowned oboist, exemplified this divide and made significant contributions to define modern repertoire for the oboe. As a soloist and professor at the Paris Conservatory, Gillet championed repertoire and collaborated with composers for idiomatic works. Émile Paladilhe, a composer known for vocal music, created the Solo for Oboe as a result of Gillet’s commission for the annual Concours. The piece, characterized by melodic elegance and virtuosity, showcases the oboe as an operatic protagonist, blending fiery and lyrical passages. The B section provides contrast, leading to a triumphant conclusion. This gem of a piece remains enjoyable for both performers and audiences alike.
Ralph Vaughan Williams, Concerto for Oboe and Strings (1944)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Ralph Vaughan Williams, a renowned English composer who significantly influenced the English musical landscape and examines his Concerto for Oboe and String Orchestra (1944), within the context of his musical development and broader social and historical influences. Born into an esteemed family and raised between the idyllic countryside and London, Vaughan Williams defied familial expectations and pursued a musical career. His compositional approach was shaped by his international studies, notably with Ravel in Paris, and his deep connection to English folk music. His Oboe Concerto blends modal elements with pastoral themes and flexible rhythmic structures. The analysis reveals unconventional cadenza placements, a blurred rondo form, and tonal ambiguity, which recall his earlier work, The Lark Ascending. This piece serves as a compelling synthesis of his rich musical ideologies and his sustained commitment to creating English “National Music,” despite a changing musical landscape.