bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographical trends of soil‐associated biodiversity changes due to tree plantations in South America: Biome and climate constraints revealed through meta‐analysis
Authors: Ribero Martin Nicolás , Filloy Julieta 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the interaction between climate and biome structure when explaining changes in species richness of soil‐associated communities due to tree plantations developed in different biomes. Compare the response of plants, soil invertebrates and soil microorganisms, and to test whether they should be considered sensitive‐coupled biotas.LocationContinental South America.Time Period1996–2023.Major Taxa StudiedPlants, soil invertebrates and soil microorganisms.MethodsThrough a meta‐analysis, the change in species richness (i.e. response ratio) associated with tree plantations was evaluated in 127 points of study across South America, considering soil‐associated communities of plants, invertebrates and microorganisms. The influence of biome structure (open vs. closed habitats) on the response ratio, and its interaction with the actual evapotranspiration (AET) and temperature seasonality was evaluated. Differentiated responses of different taxa were tested by comparing models with and without an interaction term referring to the taxon studied. The regional agricultural cover and plantation age were considered as anthropogenic variables.ResultsModels containing the AET were better at explaining the trend of change in species richness than those with temperature seasonality. The response of the change in species richness was oppositely related to the AET in open and closed biomes. Plants presented a higher loss in species richness than soil invertebrates and microorganisms. The three taxa were positively associated with AET, while seasonality was not relevant in any case. Both anthropogenic variables significantly lessened the change in species richness in all models.Main ConclusionsThe structural contrast between the anthropogenic habitat and the biome where it is developed is a key factor influencing the response of soil‐associated communities to tree plantations. Nevertheless, its influence must be assessed together with climatic and anthropogenic variables given that their interaction can explain different geographical trends in the change in species richness across regions.
Involvement of people who use alcohol and other drug services in the development of patient‐reported measures of experience: A scoping review
Authors: van der Sterren Anke E. , Nathan Sally , Rawstorne Patrick , Yarbakhsh Elisabeth , Gough Chris , Bowles Devin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionPatient‐reported measures that assess satisfaction and experience are increasingly utilised in healthcare sectors, including the alcohol and other drug (AOD) sector. This scoping review identifies how and to what extent people accessing AOD services have been involved in the development of satisfaction and experience measures to date.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, ProQuest, Google and Google Scholar were searched. Included papers described the development and/or implementation of a multiple‐item measure of patient‐reported experience or satisfaction specifically for people accessing AOD treatment and/or harm reduction programmes. If there was more than one paper, key papers were chosen that described each measure. The method of development, including service user involvement, was assessed against a framework generated for this review. Two reviewers were involved at each stage.ResultsThirty measures—23 satisfaction and 7 experience—were identified. Sixteen measures reported some level of involvement by people accessing AOD services in their development, although, for most measures, at a relatively low level. This involvement increased over the time span of the review becoming more frequent in later years. Only four measures were developed for use in harm reduction‐specific settings, and fewer than half reported undertaking analysis of underlying scale structure and constructs.ConclusionSeveral gaps could be addressed to enhance the measurement of patient‐centred care in the AOD sector, including: developing experience measures for use in harm reduction settings and across various AOD settings in a service system; improved reporting of psychometric properties of these measures and increasing commitment to the meaningful involvement of AOD service users in measure development.Patient or Public ContributionThis scoping review is part of a broader codesign project that involves a partnership between the peak organisation for AOD services and the peer‐based AOD consumer organisation in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. These organisations are working closely together to engage with AOD service users, service providers and policy makers in this codesign project. As such, the Executive Director of the peer‐based AOD consumer organisation is involved as a co‐author of this scoping review.
Recent advances in the effects of protein oxidation on aquatic products quality: mechanism and regulation
Authors: Yu Ye , Zhao Yongqiang , Zhang Yi , Simpson Benjamin K. , Chen Shengjun , Wang Yueqi , Li Chunsheng , Wang Di , Pan Chuang 
Published: July 2023

SummaryAquatic products are delicious and rich in high‐quality proteins, and thus have high‐food value and are popular among consumers; however, deterioration of their quality can easily occur when being stored and processed. Proteins, the main components of the muscle tissue of aquatic products, are closely related to the quality of aquatic products, and protein oxidation has become a research hotspot for studying the regulatory mechanisms of aquatic product quality changes. Protein oxidation is one of the main causes of quality deterioration of aquatic products, mainly because of protein cross‐linking and protein degradation caused by oxidation. Related studies have also shown that the changes in the electrostatic charge of proteins owing to oxidation are associated with the muscle water‐holding capacity (WHC). This article introduces the induction mechanism of protein oxidation in aquatic products, focusing on its effects on the quality, such as colour, texture, WHC and summarises the current research progress of aquatic products quality control on this basis to provide theoretical reference for future research.
A novel zinc‐chelating peptide identified from rapeseed (Brassica napus) protein hydrolysate: insights into its zinc‐binding sites by density functional theory
Authors: Wang Hao , Huang Jingjing , Yang Mingliu , Zhou Yingqin , Yin Junfeng , Yan Yan , Xie Ningning 
Published: July 2023

SummaryThe binding sites between zinc chelating peptide (ZCP) and zinc have not been clearly understood at the quantum chemistry level. Ala‐Ser‐His (ASH), a new ZCP located in the cruciferin precursor, was identified from in vitro digestion hydrolysate of rapeseed (Brassica napus) protein. Also, ASH exerted the concentration value of 114.09 ± 0.98 mM showing 50% zinc chelating activity. The prepared ASH–Zn (ZCP‐zinc chelate), displayed varying characteristics from ASH on surface microstructures, X‐ray photon energies, and infrared spectrum. The geometric structure of ASH–Zn with minimum free energy was obtained using density functional theory, producing a bridge bond of O21–Zn41–O32 between Ser and His residues. Based on the basic set of 6–311++G (d, p), O21–Zn 41 and O32–Zn41, respectively, had bond lengths of 1.96503 Å and 1.94515 Å, while O21–Zn41–O32 displayed a bond angle of 136.41069°. These findings further promote research on rapeseed proteins providing new possibilities for studying peptide‐metal chelates.
Germline mechanisms of immunotherapy toxicities in the era of genome‐wide association studies
Authors: Gusev Alexander 
Published: July 2023

SummaryCancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of advanced cancers and is quickly becoming an option for early‐stage disease. By reactivating the host immune system, immunotherapy harnesses patients' innate defenses to eradicate the tumor. By putatively similar mechanisms, immunotherapy can also substantially increase the risk of toxicities or immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). Severe irAEs can lead to hospitalization, treatment discontinuation, lifelong immune complications, or even death. Many irAEs present with similar symptoms to heritable autoimmune diseases, suggesting that germline genetics may contribute to their onset. Recently, genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of irAEs have identified common germline associations and putative mechanisms, lending support to this hypothesis. A wide range of well‐established GWAS methods can potentially be harnessed to understand the etiology of irAEs specifically and immunotherapy outcomes broadly. This review summarizes current findings regarding germline effects on immunotherapy outcomes and discusses opportunities and challenges for leveraging germline genetics to understand, predict, and treat irAEs.
Apoptotic cell clearance components in inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Schneider Kevin , Arandjelovic Sanja 
Published: July 2023

SummaryRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the synovial joints that affects ~1% of the human population. Joint swelling and bone erosion, hallmarks of RA, contribute to disability and, sometimes, loss of life. Mechanistically, disease is driven by immune dysregulation characterized by circulating autoantibodies, inflammatory mediators, tissue degradative enzymes, and metabolic dysfunction of resident stromal and recruited immune cells. Cell death by apoptosis has been therapeutically explored in animal models of RA due to the comparisons drawn between synovial hyperplasia and paucity of apoptosis in RA with the malignant transformation of cancer cells. Several efforts to induce cell death have shown benefits in reducing the development and/or severity of the disease. Apoptotic cells are cleared by phagocytes in a process known as efferocytosis, which differs from microbial phagocytosis in its “immuno‐silent,” or anti‐inflammatory, nature. Failures in efferocytosis have been linked to autoimmune disease, whereas administration of apoptotic cells in RA models effectively inhibits inflammatory indices, likely though efferocytosis‐mediated resolution‐promoting mechanisms. However, the nature of signaling pathways elicited and the molecular identity of clearance mediators in RA are understudied. Furthermore, canonical efferocytosis machinery elements also play important non‐canonical functions in homeostasis and pathology. Here, we discuss the roles of efferocytosis machinery components in models of RA and discuss their potential involvement in disease pathophysiology.
Foreign aid and economic growth nexus in Africa: Evidence from low‐income countries
Authors: Tefera Mamo G. , Odhiambo Nicholas M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe enormous volume of literature has widely discussed the aid–growth correlation while identification of their causal relationship remains elusive and mixed. The main objective of this article is to investigate whether aid sources matter for explaining the aid–growth causal nexus among African low‐income countries (LICs) during 2000–2017. A novel feature of this study is that it takes into account three proxies of aid (i.e. total aid [TA], traditional donors’ aid [TDA], non‐TDA [NTDA]), unlike most studies that use aid solely from TDs (TDA). It employs a dynamic panel causality model in a multivariate setting using investment and consumption as key conditioning variables to account for omitted variable bias. The study found a short‐run bidirectional causality between aid and growth for TA and TDA proxies but not for NTDA in neither direction. In the long‐run, the study found unidirectional causality from growth to aid for TA and NTDA aid but not for TDA. The overall result shows that the aid–growth causality among African LICs depends on the aid proxies used and the time horizon assessed. A key policy implication is that donors’ aid allocation decisions in LICs should take into account the specific causal relationship between aid and growth by aid sources and time periods.
“Like fighting a fire with a water pistol”: A qualitative study of the work experiences of critical care nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Miller Jordan , Young Ben , Mccallum Louise , Rattray Janice , Ramsay Pam , Salisbury Lisa , Scott Teresa , Hull Alastair , Cole Stephen , Pollard Beth , Dixon Diane 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo understand the experience of critical care nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic, through the application of the Job‐Demand‐Resource model of occupational stress.DesignQualitative interview study.MethodsTwenty‐eight critical care nurses (CCN) working in ICU in the UK NHS during the COVID‐19 pandemic took part in semi‐structured interviews between May 2021 and May 2022. Interviews were guided by the constructs of the Job‐Demand Resource model. Data were analysed using framework analysis.ResultsThe most difficult job demands were the pace and amount, complexity, physical and emotional effort of their work. Prolonged high demands led to CCN experiencing emotional and physical exhaustion, burnout, post‐traumatic stress symptoms and impaired sleep. Support from colleagues and supervisors was a core job resource. Sustained demands and impaired physical and psychological well‐being had negative organizational consequences with CCN expressing increased intention to leave their role.ConclusionsThe combination of high demands and reduced resources had negative impacts on the psychological well‐being of nurses which is translating into increased consideration of leaving their profession.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareThe full impacts of the pandemic on the mental health of CCN are unlikely to resolve without appropriate interventions.ImpactManagers of healthcare systems should use these findings to inform: (i) the structure and organization of critical care workplaces so that they support staff to be well, and (ii) supportive interventions for staff who are carrying significant psychological distress as a result of working during and after the pandemic. These changes are required to improve staff recruitment and retention.Reporting MethodWe used the COREQ guidelines for reporting qualitative studies.Patient and Public ContributionSix CCN provided input to survey content and interview schedule. Two authors and members of the study team (T.S. and S.C.) worked in critical care during the pandemic.
Effect of different restorative systems and aging on marginal adaptation of resin composites to deep proximal margins
Authors: Ismail Hoda S. , Ali Ashraf I. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate and compare the marginal integrity of different restorative systems bonded to proximal gingival dentin, and determine the consistency level of the results obtained by two in vitro methods.Materials and MethodsThirty molars received occluso‐mesial preparations with dentin/cementum gingival margins. They were divided into three groups and restored using different restorative systems with light‐cured (Adhese Universal), self‐cured (Palfique universal bond), and dual‐cured (Futurabond U) adhesives. The restoration/gingival dentin interfaces were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and evaluated based on the World Dental Federation (FDI) criteria. After 10,000 thermal cycles, the marginal integrity was re‐evaluated. Marginal integrity was evaluated by the percentage of continuous margin (% CM) at ×200 for SEM and as the frequency of each score within the FDI ranking.ResultsNo significant differences were found between the restorative systems immediately, however, the system with the light‐cured adhesive had the lowest marginal integrity after aging. All tested restorative systems were adversely affected by aging. A moderate inverse correlation was identified between evaluation techniques.ConclusionThe tested restorative systems utilizing self‐cured and dual‐cured adhesives may be preferable for achieving optimal marginal integrity when bonding to deep proximal margins, compared to the tested system with light‐cured adhesive.Clinical SignificanceWhen performing deep margin elevation, it is important to consider the adhesive system being used.
Nutritional management of people living with cystic fibrosis throughout life and disease continuum: Changing times, new challenges
Authors: Mailhot Geneviève , Denis Marie‐Hélène , Beauchamp‐Parent Caroline , Jomphe Valérie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding for the ion channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The management of CF disease has evolved in recent decades from treating downstream disease manifestations affecting the airways, the lungs and the gastrointestinal system to addressing the CFTR gene defect. The advent of CFTR modulators, which correct the functionality of the defective CFTR, contributes to reshaping the landscape of CF demographics, prognosis and therapies, including nutritional management. A spectrum of clinical manifestations is emerging within the same patient population where undernutrition and nutritional deficiencies coexist with excessive weight gain and metabolic derangements. Such contrasting presentations challenge current practices, require adjustments to traditional approaches, and involve more individualised interventions. This narrative review examines the current state of knowledge on the nutritional management of people living with cystic fibrosis from early life to adulthood in the era of CFTR modulation.
Knowledge levels and community guidance of doctors working in family health centers on HPV screening and HPV vaccination
Authors: Yetik Irem , Tanoglu Fatma Basak , Pasin Ozge , Cetin Caglar , Ozcan Pınar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimOur aim is to evaluate the level of knowledge, compliance with the screening program, and tendency to inform patients of the doctors working in FHCs where HPV testing is performed within the scope of the cervical cancer screening program in our country.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was performed between June and September 2022 with 113 family physicians working in different FHCs in different provinces in Turkey. Questionnaires prepared by the researchers were delivered to family physicians via online platforms.ResultsWhen the different age groups were evaluated, in two of the 24 knowledge‐level questions (How many types of HPV are there? Can HPV infect men?) the rate of correct answers for participants under the age of 35 years was statistically significantly higher (p = 0.007; p = 0.032). With regard to professional experience, the group with fewer than 10 years of experience gave a statistically significant correct answer to two questions (How many types of HPV are there? Can HPV infect men?; p = 0.008; p = 0.037). It was observed that 107 (94.7%) of the 113 family physicians who participated in the survey recommended that their patients use condoms during intercourse, 110 (97.3%) recommended cervical cancer screening tests to patients who applied for another reason, 105 (92.9%) recommended the HPV vaccine to patients and their relatives and 60 (53.1%) recommended the HPV vaccine to patients who applied for another reason.ConclusionsThe success of HPV vaccination programs is directly related to the beliefs of health personnel and their recommendations to the general population.
Staging and clinical characteristics of pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: A retrospective cohort study from Nanjing, China
Authors: Ju Yuhao , Han Guorong , Zhang Ping , Xu Jing , Chen Chao , Jiang Hongxiu , Yuan Deping , Ye Xiajun , Zhou Guanlun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the immune status of Chinese chronic hepatitis B (CHB) pregnant women and their clinical characteristics.MethodsAbout 1544 CHB pregnant women without antiviral therapy from 2013 to 2018 were selected from the hospital records. The definition of immune status is based on American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) 2018 Hepatitis B Guidance, and those who did not meet any criteria of the immune status were referred to in the gray zones (GZ).ResultsThere were 284 patients in the immune‐tolerance phase, 72 patients in the HBeAg‐positive immune active phase, 553 patients in the inactive phase, 61 patients in the HBeAg‐negative immune active phase. Of note, 574 (37.18%) patients did not fit into any of the above phases were defined as the GZ. Patients with elevated ALT had a higher rate of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). Mother to child HBV transmission was rare (only two cases) and occurred in mothers in the immune‐tolerant phase.ConclusionsOur data showed that more than one‐third of CHB pregnant women were classified into the GZ. In standard stages, advanced age is associated with HBeAg‐negative and a higher cesarean rate in the inactive phase. The incidence of ICP was higher in immune active phases, including GB and GD. The probability of mother‐to‐child transmission in gray zones is low.
Prevalence of bruxism in down syndrome patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Alsharari Ahmed Hamoud L. , Shayeb Maher A. L. , Elfadil Sittana , Cervino Gabriele , Minervini Giuseppe 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundBruxism is a parafunctional activity characterised by grinding or clenching of teeth and is a common oral health concern in individuals with down syndrome (DS). Understanding the prevalence of bruxism in this population is crucial for developing effective management strategies. This systematic review and meta‐analysis is aimed to investigate the prevalence of bruxism among individuals with DS and explore its association with other oral health issues.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted across multiple electronic databases to identify relevant studies. Cross‐sectional and observational studies were included. Data on bruxism prevalence and associated factors were extracted, and a meta‐analysis was performed using both fixed‐effects (FE) and random‐effects (RE) models of MedCalc software. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using I2 statistics. New Castle‐Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate methodological quality of the included studies.ResultsEight studies met the pre‐defined inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Seven studies used a questionnaire to assess bruxism. The pooled proportion estimate for occurrence of DS across the included studies was found to be 0.33 (95% CI: 0.22–0.45) as per the RE model and 0.35 (95% CI: 0.31–0.450) as per FE model in the quantitative analysis. All studies exhibited good methodological quality.ConclusionThis systematic review and meta‐analysis provide evidence of a significant prevalence of bruxism among individuals with DS. The findings highlight the association of bruxism with other oral health issues and specific chromosomal abnormalities. Comprehensive oral health assessments, including diagnostic procedures like Polysomnography, are essential for addressing the unique oral health needs of individuals with DS. Further studies are recommended with a valid tool for the diagnosis. Early interventions and management strategies need to be tailored to this population, considering the multifaceted nature of oral health concerns in individuals with DS.