bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of the Youth Sociopolitical Action Scale for Social Media (SASSM)
Authors: Wilf Sara , Wray-Lake Laura 
Published: March 2023

AbstractYouth sociopolitical action, which encompasses a broad range of behaviors to dismantle systems of oppression, is increasingly taking place on social media and digital platforms. This study presents the development and validation of a 15-item Sociopolitical Action Scale for Social Media (SASSM) through three sequential studies: in Study I, a scale was developed based on interviews with 20 young digital activists (Mage=19, 35% cis-gender women, 90% youth of color). In Study II, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) identified a unidimensional scale using a sample of 809 youth (Mage=17, 55.7% cis-gender women, 60.1% youth of color). In Study III, an EFA and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were used to confirm the factor structure of a slightly modified set of items with a new sample of 820 youth (Mage=17, 45.9% cis-gender women, 53.9% youth of color). Measurement invariance testing was conducted by age, gender, racial and ethnic background, and immigrant identity, confirming full configural and metric invariance, and full or partial scalar invariance. The SASSM can further research on youths’ efforts to challenge oppression and injustice online.
A method for clustering rock discontinuities with multiple properties based on an improved netting algorithm
Authors: Hou Qinkuan , Wang Shuhong , Yong Rui , Xiu Zhanguo , Han Wenshuai , Zhang Ze 
Published: March 2023

AbstractClustering analysis is fundamental for determining dominant discontinuity properties in rock engineering. Orientation has commonly been considered the only factor when performing clustering, which ignores the contributions of other discontinuity properties to the deformations and strengths of rock masses. This study proposes an improved netting algorithm to identify discontinuity sets based on multiple discontinuity properties. The method takes ten discontinuity properties as the clustering factors: dip direction, dip, trace length, spacing, aperture, infilling material, infilling percentage, roughness, water permeability, and rock strength. Meanwhile, a novel weighting method is used to weigh each property and combines the advantages of subjective and objective weighting methods. The validity of the proposed method is tested using artificial data based on the Monte Carlo method and in situ data from the relevant literature. The results indicate that the method can effectively filter the noise data, and the rejection rate is approximately 26%. The initial number of sets and initial clustering centers are not necessary, which facilitates achieving global optimization. Finally, an open-pit mine slope in Xinjiang Province, China, is used as a case study to illustrate the utility of the method. The new method is considered a potentially useful tool to rapidly obtain dominant discontinuity sets in rock engineering.
Geistesgeschichten
Authors: Vogl Joseph 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie erste Nummer der DVjs wurde mit einem Aufsatz über »Faust und die Sorge« eröffnet und kam zugleich im Jahr von Wirtschaftskrisen, Staatsbankrott und Hyperinflation zur Welt. Diese Situation legt es nahe, das Projekt der Geistesgeschichte mit Sorgen- und Krisengeschichten des Geistes zu spiegeln. Deren Thematisierung geschieht auf unterschiedlichen Schauplätzen und lässt sich etwa in Goethes Faust II, in Konflikten über die Frage hermeneutischer Macht und nicht zuletzt in der Geschichte der politischen Ökonomie selbst verfolgen.
The revelations of Q. Dissemination and resonance of the QAnon conspiracy theory among US Evangelical Christians and the role of the Covid-19 crisis
Authors: Beyer Heiko , Herrberg Niklas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrevious studies show that the QAnon conspiracy theory is especially popular among American evangelical Christians. The paper investigates the reasons behind this relationship. We hypothesize a mediation relationship between evangelical dogma and how it is practiced on the one hand and the susceptibility for conspiracy thinking on the other hand. We argue that evangelicalism due to its biblicism is characterized by the belief that its perception of reality holds absolute truth (nomization), that the world can be clearly divided into good and evil (Manichaeism), and that salvation can be achieved through political means (immanent eschatology). Those beliefs, in turn, in the uncertain times of the Covid crisis resonate with the cognitive (epistemic), the affective (moral), and conative (eschatological) elements of conspiracy theories. Using data of waves 46 (March 2019), 68 (April 2020), and 73 (September 2020) of the American Trends Panel, conducted by the PEW Research Center we show respective mediation effects: Evangelical Christians are particularly convinced that their religion alone holds absolute truth and that religion has not enough influence on politics. The latter also correlates with the conspiracy belief that “powerful people intentionally planned the Covid outbreak”. QAnon support again is linked both to such Covid related conspiracy thinking and the three elements of nomization, Manichaeism, and immanent eschatology.
(Wie) kann die Nutzung bildungswissenschaftlicher Evidenz Lehren und Lernen verbessern? Thesen und Fragen zur Diskussion um evidenzorientiertes Denken und Handeln von Lehrkräften
Authors: Bauer Johannes , Kollar Ingo 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungVor dem Hintergrund von Debatten um evidenzbasierte Praxis im Bildungswesen greift der vorliegende Beitrag aktuelle Forschungsstränge auf, die sich mit evidenzorientiertem Denken und Handeln von Lehrkräften (EDHL) befassen. Sie adressieren aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven Voraussetzungen, Prozesse und Ergebnisse der Rezeption und Nutzung (bildungs-)wissenschaftlichen Wissens durch angehende und aktive Lehrkräfte sowie Interventionen zur Förderung hierfür relevanter Kompetenzen und motivational-affektiver Dispositionen. Im Beitrag diskutieren wir erstens, dass sich in diesem Feld – trotz der Heterogenität von Fragestellungen und theoretischen Zugängen – ein Verständnis von EDHL etabliert hat, das in zentralen Punkten konvergiert. Zweitens werfen wir Thesen und Fragen auf, die es künftig konzeptuell und empirisch zu adressieren hat. Abschließend gehen wir auf übergeordnete kontextuelle Barrieren ein, die aus unserer Sicht überwunden werden müssen, um eine stärkere Evidenzorientierung in der Bildungspraxis zu erreichen.
Outcomes After Chevron Osteotomy with and Without Additional Akin Osteotomy: A Retrospective Comparative Study
Authors: Kuliński Patryk , Rutkowski Michał , Tomczyk Łukasz , Miękisiak Grzegorz , Morasiewicz Piotr 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Chevron osteotomy is one of the most common approaches to hallux valgus corrective surgery. This procedure is often combined with Akin osteotomy of the proximal phalanx of the hallux. There are no definitive guidelines specifying the indications for a given osteotomy technique nor data on postoperative loss of correction or the effect of the type of first-ray surgery on the development of adjacent-joint arthritis. The aim of this study was to assess radiographic treatment outcomes via chevron osteotomy with and without Akin osteotomy.

Methods
The study evaluated 117 patients treated in the period 2016–2019. Ninety-nine of those patients underwent distal chevron osteotomy alone, and 18 patients underwent a combined chevron–Akin double osteotomy. The analyzed radiograms had been obtained preoperatively, at 6 weeks after surgery, and after a long-term follow-up. The following parameters were assessed: the intermetatarsal angle (IMA), hallux valgus angle (HVA), interphalangeal angle (IPA), postoperative recurrence of valgus deformity, adjacent-joint arthritis, and complications.

Results
Chevron-Akin osteotomy helped maintain lower HVA and IPA values in long-term follow-up in comparison with those in the patients who underwent chevron osteotomy alone. The chevron osteotomy group showed a significant increase in the mean HVA from 18.37° at the first follow-up visit to 20.81° at the last follow-up visit. There were no differences between the groups in terms of the remaining assessed radiographic parameters. Hallux valgus surgery does not increase adjacent-joint arthritis.

Conclusion
The use of combined chevron-Akin osteotomy does not affect HVA or IMA correction. The combination of chevron and Akin osteotomies reduces the risk of increased HVA and IPA in long-term follow-up. The additional Akin osteotomy does not increase the risk of adjacent-joint arthritis. Combining chevron osteotomy with Akin osteotomy is recommended in hallux valgus deformity correction.
The effects of exposure to solar radiation on human health
Authors: Neale R. E. , Lucas R. M. , Byrne S. N. , Hollestein L. , Rhodes L. E. , Yazar S. , Young A. R. , Berwick M. , Ireland R. A. , Olsen C. M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis assessment by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of the Montreal Protocol under the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) evaluates the effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on human health within the context of the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments. We assess work published since our last comprehensive assessment in 2018. Over the last four years gains have been made in knowledge of the links between sun exposure and health outcomes, mechanisms, and estimates of disease burden, including economic impacts. Of particular note, there is new information about the way in which exposure to UV radiation modulates the immune system, causing both harms and benefits for health. The burden of skin cancer remains high, with many lives lost to melanoma and many more people treated for keratinocyte cancer, but it has been estimated that the Montreal Protocol will prevent 11 million cases of melanoma and 432 million cases of keratinocyte cancer that would otherwise have occurred in the United States in people born between 1890 and 2100. While the incidence of skin cancer continues to rise, rates have stabilised in younger populations in some countries. Mortality has also plateaued, partly due to the use of systemic therapies for advanced disease. However, these therapies are very expensive, contributing to the extremely high economic burden of skin cancer, and emphasising the importance and comparative cost-effectiveness of prevention. Photodermatoses, inflammatory skin conditions induced by exposure to UV radiation, can have a marked detrimental impact on the quality of life of sufferers. More information is emerging about their potential link with commonly used drugs, particularly anti-hypertensives. The eyes are also harmed by over-exposure to UV radiation. The incidence of cataract and pterygium is continuing to rise, and there is now evidence of a link between intraocular melanoma and sun exposure. It has been estimated that the Montreal Protocol will prevent 63 million cases of cataract that would otherwise have occurred in the United States in people born between 1890 and 2100. Despite the clearly established harms, exposure to UV radiation also has benefits for human health. While the best recognised benefit is production of vitamin D, beneficial effects mediated by factors other than vitamin D are emerging. For both sun exposure and vitamin D, there is increasingly convincing evidence of a positive role in diseases related to immune function, including both autoimmune diseases and infection. With its influence on the intensity of UV radiation and global warming, the Montreal Protocol has, and will have, both direct and indirect effects on human health, potentially changing the balance of the risks and benefits of spending time outdoors.
Graphical abstract
The Epidemiological Profile of Multiple Casualty Incidents in Northern Spain: 2014-2020
Authors: Arcos Gonzalez Pedro , Vargas Campos Carlos Adrian , Cernuda Martinez José Antonio , Naves Gomez Cecilia , Villellas Aguilar Ignacio , Lea Castro Begoña , Dorribo Masid Marta , Dominguez Sanchez Emilio , Castro Delgado Rafael 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective:
To describe the epidemiological profile of multiple casualty incidents (MCI) and contribute to the better understanding of their impacts in Northern Spain.

Method:
Retrospective, population-based observational study of MCI between 2014 and 2020 in 5 autonomous communities (Aragón, Castilla y León, Galicia, the Basque Country and Principado de Asturias) that participated in the MCI Database of Northern Spain. Inclusion criteria was any incident with 4 or more patients needing ambulance mobilization. A total of 54 variables were collected. This study presents the most relevant results.

Results:
There were 253 MCI. Of these, 79.8% were road traffic accidents, 12.3% fires or explosions, 2.0% poisonings and 5.9% defined as others. Monthly average was 2.9 (SD = 0.35; EEM = 15.90), average of victims by MCI was 6.8 (CI95% 6.16 - 7.60). There were significantly (P < 0.05) more victims in 3 types of MCI (fires, poisonings, and others). We saw 37.7% of MCI involved 4 victims, 18.8% 5 victims, and 37.9% more than 5. Mean response time was 30.8 minutes (95% CI 28.6 - 33.1), longer in maritime incidents. A total of 67% (95% CI 64.5 - 69.5) of victims were mild.

Conclusions:
Road traffic accidents are the most frequent MCI and minor injuries predominate. More than 50% of the MCI have 5 or fewer patients. Fires had significantly more mild patients and significantly more resources deployed. Maritime incidents had a significantly longer response time.
The Good, the Bad and the Rest: How the European Union Responded to the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Transport Sector
Authors: Settembri Pierpaolo , Kumar Rishi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDue to its severity, the COVID-19 pandemic is one of the greatest crises to have tested the European Union’s (EU) ability to take effective action. The restrictive measures adopted by the Member States to curb its spread affected in particular the free movement of people and partly of goods. This prompted the EU to take action inter alia to maintain essential travel, protect supply chains, enhance contact tracing and facilitate the coordinated resumption of travel. Building on the notion of “output legitimacy”, this paper assesses the EU’s success in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in transport by looking at the four main initiatives between the end of 2020 and June 2022, namely: (1) the EU Digital COVID Certificates; (2) cross-border contact tracing through Passenger Locator Forms; (3) the “Green Lanes” for freight transport; and (4) the coordinated approach to facilitating safe and free movement. These initiatives are measured against the EU’s legal competence, economic interests, political pressure and the added value of EU action. While recognising the small set of cases, the results show that, although legal competence is a decisive factor for success, EU initiatives can achieve equivalent effect even in its absence, provided other conditions are met.
Using machine learning methods to predict dry matter intake from milk mid-infrared spectroscopy data on Swedish dairy cattle
Authors: Salleh Suraya Mohamad , Danielsson Rebecca , Kronqvist Cecilia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this research communication we compare three different approaches for developing dry matter intake (DMI) prediction models based on milk mid-infrared spectra (MIRS), using data collected from a research herd over five years. In dairy production, knowledge of individual DMI could be important and useful, but DMI can be difficult and expensive to measure on most commercial farms as cows are commonly group-fed. Instead, this parameter is often estimated based on the age, body weight, stage of lactation and body condition score of the cow. Recently, milk MIRS have also been used as a tool to estimate DMI. There are different methods available to create prediction models from large datasets. The main data used were total DMI calculated as a 3-d average, coupled with milk MIRS data available fortnightly. Data on milk yield and lactation stage parameters were also available for each animal. We compared the performance of three prediction approaches: partial least-squares regression, support vector machine regression and random forest regression. The full milk MIRS alone gave low to moderate prediction accuracy (R2 = 0.07–0.40), regardless of prediction modelling approach. Adding more variables to the model improved R2 and decreased the prediction error. Overall, partial least-squares regression proved to be the best method for predicting DMI from milk MIRS data, while MIRS data together with milk yield and concentrate DMI at 3–30 d in milk provided good prediction accuracy (R2 = 0.52–0.65) regardless of the prediction tool used.
Flexible syntax–prosody mapping of Intonational Phrases in the context of varying verb height
Authors: Borise Lena , Erschler David 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper provides new evidence in support of the hypothesis that the syntax–prosody mapping of Intonational Phrases is flexible (Hamlaoui and Szendrői 2015). In the traditional ‘rigid’ approaches, Intonational Phrases are taken to map onto particular syntactic projections. In contrast, in the ‘flexible’ approach, the Intonational Phrase corresponds to the highest projection of the verb (HVP). Accordingly, the ‘flexible’ approach predicts that the HVP should also determine the size of Intonational Phrases in a language where the verb height depends on the utterance type. Our evidence comes from a language of this type, Iron Ossetic (East Iranian). First, we demonstrate that verbs in Iron Ossetic occupy different functional heads in different contexts. Then, based on novel prosodic data, we show that the HVP indeed directly determines the size of Intonational Phrases in clauses with narrow foci and negative indefinites. Additionally, in wh-questions, language-specific mapping constraints come into play.
Argumentation models and their use in corpus annotation: Practice, prospects, and challenges
Authors: Lopes Cardoso Henrique , Sousa-Silva Rui , Carvalho Paula , Martins Bruno 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe study of argumentation is transversal to several research domains, from philosophy to linguistics, from the law to computer science and artificial intelligence. In discourse analysis, several distinct models have been proposed to harness argumentation, each with a different focus or aim. To analyze the use of argumentation in natural language, several corpora annotation efforts have been carried out, with a more or less explicit grounding on one of such theoretical argumentation models. In fact, given the recent growing interest in argument mining applications, argument-annotated corpora are crucial to train machine learning models in a supervised way. However, the proliferation of such corpora has led to a wide disparity in the granularity of the argument annotations employed. In this paper, we review the most relevant theoretical argumentation models, after which we survey argument annotation projects closely following those theoretical models. We also highlight the main simplifications that are often introduced in practice. Furthermore, we glimpse other annotation efforts that are not so theoretically grounded but instead follow a shallower approach. It turns out that most argument annotation projects make their own assumptions and simplifications, both in terms of the textual genre they focus on and in terms of adapting the adopted theoretical argumentation model for their own agenda. Issues of compatibility among argument-annotated corpora are discussed by looking at the problem from a syntactical, semantic, and practical perspective. Finally, we discuss current and prospective applications of models that take advantage of argument-annotated corpora.
Process matters: the variegated effects of municipal amalgamation features on voter turnout revealed in a 10-country comparative investigation
Authors: Bolgherini Silvia , Paparo Aldo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMost literature finds a detrimental effect of amalgamation on voter turnout in municipal elections. Some other studies reveal instead null or even positive effects. We argue that this inconsistency derives from the fact that previous research has only analysed the amalgamation/turnout relation in single case studies. The contribution of this article is therefore twofold. First, it proposes a unified framework to investigate the amalgamation/turnout relation in comparative perspective, which clarifies the shortcut between size and amalgamation, disentangles the multifaced nature of municipal amalgamation, and outlines clear testable hypotheses related to its implementation – both at the national and at the local level. Secondly, it provides an original 10-European-country dataset of municipal amalgamations in the last decades (comprising Albania, Austria, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Norway) to empirically verify such hypotheses concerning the effects of the amalgamation features on voter turnout. Our study crucially reveals the relevance of the characteristics of the amalgamation process. When the amalgamation is imposed by the national government, turnout is particularly low, similarly to when the amalgamation occurs independently from a wide reform scheme. On the other hand, municipal turnout after amalgamation is higher when a larger number of municipalities are merged and when the amalgamated municipalities had a similar population before being merged. Moreover, our empirical evidence confirms the importance of traditional second-order predictors of turnout in municipal elections, even with specific reference to the post-amalgamation elections. Conversely, in such elections, the overall size of the (final) municipality is not a significant predictor of voter turnout.
Subduction Initiation of the Southern Branch of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean in the Middle Ordovician in the Southern Beishan Orogen
Authors: Mao Qigui , Xiao Wenjiao , Ao Songjian , Yang He , Song Dongfang , Zhang Zhiyong , Sang Miao , Wang Hao , Tan Zhou , Li Rui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe subduction initiation and the early‐stage tectonics of the southern Paleo‐Asian Ocean have rarely been discussed. To address these problems, we report new geochemical and geochronological data of arc‐related volcanic rocks in the Huaniushan arc of the southern Beishan. Basaltic andesites and high‐Mg rocks yield zircon U‐Pb ages of 449–422 Ma and 460–437 Ma, respectively. The basaltic andesite is a continental arc‐related tholeiite with moderate amounts of TiO2; and is enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE), such as Rb, Ba, Th and Sr; it is also depleted in Nb, Ta and Eu; and has moderate εHf (t) (−0.3 to +5.5) and εNd (t) (−3.48 to +0.03) values; and high (87Sr/86Sr)i (0.7066–0.7079) values. The high‐Mg andesite and dacite are sanukitic‐type high‐Mg rocks, which have high MgO (Mg# = 49–62) contents, A/CNK (0.82–2.36) and (La/Sm)N values, low Sr/Y (3–15) and Ba/Th (11–182) ratios, moderate to low εHf (t) (−16.7 to +7.6) and εNd (t) (−3.74 to +0.05), and high (87Sr/86Sr)i values. All geochemical data indicate that they were sourced from mixing between mantle‐peridotite‐derived melts and silicic melts generated by the subducting oceanic slab and/or sediments in a hot subduction setting. After integrating the Sanukitic high‐Mg andesites (HMAs) with previously reported Nb‐enriched basalt, volumes of arc‐related tholeiitic to calc‐alkaline volcanic rocks, I‐ to S‐type granites, and HT eclogites, we conclude that the subduction initiation was one of the most likely geodynamic process for the metamorphism and magmatism in the Middle Ordovician to early Silurian.