bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high frequency idiotypic marker of anti-DNA autoantibodies in MRL-Ipr/Ipr mice.
Authors: Rauch J , Murphy E , Roths J B , Stollar B D , Schwartz R S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Anti-idiotypic antibodies were used to analyze relatedness of anti-DNA autoantibodies of MRL mice. The antiidiotypic antibodies, produced by immunization of rabbits with MRL-Ipr-derived hybridoma anti-DNA antibodies, were defined by their ability to inhibit specifically the binding of hybridoma anti-DNA antibody to DNA. One monoclonal anti-DNA antibody, H130, cross-reacted with two thirds of other hybridoma anti-DNA antibodies. The H130/anti-H130 system detected high amounts (up to 5 mg/ml) of immunoreactivity in sera of MRL-Ipr mice, whereas levels in MRL-+ sera were relatively low. The H130 family increased 10-fold in MRL-Ipr mice over the course of 5 mo, but its levels did not correlate chronologically with those of anti-DNA antibodies, cardiolipin-binding antibodies, or total serum immunoglobulins. H130 cross-reactivity was found, by quantitative immunoadsorption, in 40 to 60% of serum anti-DNA antibodies; however, a large excess of H130-related serum antibodies did not bind to DNA. The H130 family and anti-DNA antibodies therefore seem to constitute overlapping populations.
Detection of a common antigen on murine B cells and Lyt-2+ T cells by a rat monoclonal antibody, 14D10.
Authors: Kung J T , Sharrow S O , Mage M G , Paul W E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper reports the production of a rat monoclonal antibody, 14D10, which recognizes a determinant shared between B cells and Lyt-2+ T cells. Three subpopulations of spleen cells were defined based on the density of bound 14D10. They have been designated 14D10-SP (strongly positive), 14D10-WP (weakly positive), and 14D10-N (negative). Dual parameter immunofluorescence studies showed that 90% of 14D10-SP cells are IgM+ cells and more than 92% IgM+ cells are 14D10-SP. Of 14D10-WP cells, approximately 60% are Lyt-1+2+ T cells and less than 10% are IgM+ cells. However, most (greater than 90%) of Lyt-2+ T cells are reactive with 14D10. Staining of purified populations of Lyt-2+ and Lyt-2- T cells with fluoresceinated 14D10 also showed greater than 90% of Lyt-2+ T cells to be 14D10+, and fewer than 10% of Lyt-2- T cells are 14D10+. Mouse thymus contained very few (congruent to 5%) 14D10+ cells. Analysis of bone marrow cells shows almost all small cells to be 14D10+. Six Abelson virus-transformed cell lines all express the antigen recognized by 14D10.
H2Kk can influence whether cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize trinitrophenyl in association with H2Dk unique or H-2Kk and H-2Dk shared self determinants.
Authors: Fujiwara H , Tsuchida T , Levy R B , Shearer G M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present study investigates the effect of trinitrophenyl- (TNP) modified H-2Kk (TNP-Kk) antigens on the generation of anti-TNP-Dk restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. C3H.OH mice were primed to TNP-self by skin-painting with trinitrochlorobenzene, and spleen cells from these primed mice were subsequently stimulated in vitro with TNP-self. The effector cells generated exhibited appreciable lysis of TNP-modified C3H.OH blast target cells. Cold target inhibition studies demonstrated the generation of two effector cell populations: one that recognizes TNP in association with unique Dk self determinants, and one that recognizes TNP in association with self determinants shared between TNP-Kk and TNP-Dk. This was in contrast to primed C3H/He spleen cells, which did not generate CTL that recognized TNP in association with unique Dk self determinants. When spleen cells from (C3H/He x C3H.OH)F1 mice primed to TNP were stimulated in vitro with TNP-C3H.OH cells, unique Dk self determinants were recognized in association with TNP. However, in vitro stimulation of the same F1 responding cells with TNP-C3H/He or TNP-F1 cells failed to elicit CTL that utilized these Dk-unique self determinants. The findings of this study demonstrate that unique or shared H-2Dk determinants can be differentially utilized by CTL populations, depending on the H-2 alleles expressed by the stimulator cells.
Prostaglandin-generating factor of anaphylaxis. II. Characterization of activity.
Authors: Steel L K , Bach D , Kaliner M A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Anaphylaxis of lung tissue leads to the generation of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. A portion of the prostaglandin generation is due to a unique oligopeptide termed "prostaglandin-generating factor of anaphylaxis (PGF-A)," which is generated during anaphylaxis. The activity of PGF-A on human and guinea pig lung was characterized: peak PG formation occurs within 5 to 10 min of the addition of PGF-A, calcium but not magnesium is required for PGF-A activity, and both physiologic pH and temperature are necessary for optimal activity. Human and guinea pig airway and parenchymal (lung) responses to PGF-A were similar (predominantely PGF2 alpha) but were not identical to each other (guinea pig parenchyma produces thromboxane as well). PGF-A is, thus, a novel, potent mediator generated during anaphylaxis of lung tissue that may contribute to the spectrum of tissue responses seen in allergic reactions.
Immunoglobulin secretion by cell lines derived from African and American undifferentiated lymphomas of Burkitt's and non-Burkitt's type.
Authors: Benjamin D , Magrath I T , Maguire R , Janus C , Todd H D , Parsons R G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As part of an investigation of the cellular origins of undifferentiated lymphomas of the Burkitt's and non-Burkitt's types, we have examined immunoglobulin secretion by cell lines and biopsy samples from these tumors and have compared it with other lymphoblastoid cell lines. The majority of American lymphoma cell lines and a smaller fraction of African lymphoma cell lines secreted monoclonal IgM. No other Ig classes were secreted. Ig secretion by the tumor samples was also found to be exclusively IgM. The secreted IgM was polymeric and associated with J chain. Secretion of free light chain by most of the tumor cell lines was observed. Quantitation by immunoassay demonstrated that the American lymphoma cell lines secreted significantly more IgM than the African lymphoma cell lines. We have proposed that the lymphoma cells represent an early stage of B cell differentiation, during which antigen-independent secretion occurs.
Vasopressin replacement of interleukin 2 requirement in gamma interferon production: lymphokine activity of a neuroendocrine hormone.
Authors: Johnson H M , Farrar W L , Torres B A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The neuroendocrine antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) was capable of replacing the interleukin 2 (IL 2) requirement for gamma-interferon (IFN gamma) production by Lyt-2+ cells from C57BL/6 mouse spleen cells. The AVP replacement did not stimulate DNA synthesis in the target lymphocytes. This suggested that AVP was capable of replacing an IL 2 function that did not involve stimulation of cellular proliferation or DNA synthesis. This was confirmed by the demonstration that mitomycin C inhibition of IFN gamma production was reversed by IL 2 or AVP without concomitant reversal of blockage of DNA synthesis. Oxytocin, which is structurally related to AVP, was also capable of replacing IL 2 requirement for IFN gamma production, whereas insulin was ineffective. The data show that the neuroendocrine hormones AVP and oxytocin are capable of lymphokine-like activity. This activity may involve the induction of a second messenger such as cyclic GMP.
The role of Ia molecules in the activation of T lymphocytes. I. The activation of an IL 1-dependent IL 2-producing T cell hybridoma by Con A requires an interaction, which is not H-2-restricted, with an Ia-bearing accessory cell.
Authors: Rock K L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A model of accessory cell-dependent lectin-mediated T cell activation was investigated by utilizing a mitogen-inducible T cell hybridoma. A continuous MHC-restricted antigen-specific T cell line was fused with the azaguanine-resistant AKR thymoma BW5147. A hybrid, RF1.16B, was identified that is minimally inducible by Con A stimulation alone but is stimulated by Con A in the presence of T cell-depleted accessory cells to produce interleukin 2. The accessory cell function can be replaced by the monokine interleukin 1. Thus the lectin is a sufficient trigger for the hybrid in the absence of MHC restriction elements. The accessory cell function from splenocytes is provided by a non-B, non-T, predominantly Ia-bearing radioresistant cell. The interaction between the RF1.16B hybrid and the accessory cell population is not H-2-restricted. Control experiments, including the use of a cloned source of accessory cells, ruled out contaminating T cells or direct lectin effects as an explanation for the lack of H-2 restriction. The finding that an Ia-bearing cell is required for activation in an MHC-nonrestricted manner is discussed, and a hypothesis is raised that Ia antigens may play a role in addition to that of being a restriction element.
Establishment of B cell hybridomas with B cell surface antigens.
Authors: Hamano T , Kim K J , Leiserson W M , Asofsky R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
M12.4, one of several B lymphomas derived from BALB/c mice, was mutagenized with ethyl methanesulfonate in vitro. M12.4.1, a subline of the mutant cells, was sensitive to hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine selective medium and was fused with normal splenic B lymphocytes of C57BL/6ByJ mice. The hybridomas obtained from this fusion were shown to express mu heavy chain, H-2KbDb, Iad, and Iab on the cell surface by analyses of flow microfluorometry and a cytotoxicity assay, although parental M12.4.1 lacked mu heavy chain on the cell membrane. These results demonstrate that the B cell hybridomas with B cell surface antigens have been established in vitro. IgM molecules on the cell surface of the hybridomas were shown to originate from normal B cells of C57BL/6ByJ mice by flow microfluorometry analyses after staining with fluorescein-labeled Bet 1, a monoclonal rat antibody that recognizes Igh-6.5, a mouse IgM allotypic determinant. These hybridomas could generate IgM-secreting cells at the high frequency (more than 10% of the cultured cells) when stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. On the other hand, parental M12.4.1 did not develop any IgM-secreting cells under the same conditions. These findings suggest that these B cell hybridomas with B cell surface antigens may be a good model for the study of B cell differentiation.
Cell cycle regulation of cloned cytolytic T cells by T cell growth factor: analysis by flow microfluorometry.
Authors: Sekaly R P , MacDonald H R , Zaech P , Nabholz M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In an attempt to better define the mode of action of TCGF we have investigated the effect of complete removal of TCGF on the cell cycle kinetics of a TCGF-dependent murine CTL cloned line (B6.1). Cells that had been cultured in the presence or absence of TCGF were stained with propidium iodide, a DNA binding dye, and the distribution of DNA content was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results indicated that the proportion of cells entering the S phase of the cell cycle started to decrease 6 hr after removal of TCGF from the culture medium. This fraction continued to decrease as a function of time, and after 30 hr without TCGF 93% of the cells were in the G1 phase of the cell cycle in comparison to 38% in control cultures containing TCGF. Direct evidence that B6.1 cells completed one cell cycle after removal of TCGF before they accumulated in the G1 phase was obtained with a technique combining the use of BUdR, a thymidine analog, and the DNA binding dye Hoechst 33342. When TCGF was added again to cultures of B6.1 cells that were arrested in the G1 phase, the majority of cells entered the S phase in a synchronous fashion after a lag phase of 10 to 12 hr. The duration of this lag phase was independent of the concentration of TCGF used to restimulate quiescent B6.1 cells. However, the number of cells entering S phase 10 hr after re-addition of TCGF was concentration dependent. Additional experiments indicated that the cytolytic activity was not dependent on TCGF, since no decrease in the activity of B6.1 cells was noted after these cells had been deprived of TCGF for up to 30 hr.
Discrepancy in expression ability of Tac antigen and Ia determinants defined by monoclonal antibodies on activated or cultured cord blood T lymphocytes.
Authors: Yokoi T , Miyawaki T , Yachie A , Ohzeki S , Taniguchi N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
T lymphocytes from cord blood and adults stimulated with mitogens and alloantigen were analyzed using monoclonal antibodies that detect Ia and Tac antigens associated with lymphocyte activation. Less than 5% of T cells freshly isolated or cultured without stimuli expressed Ia and Tac antigens assessed by the indirect immunofluorescence method. When both T cells from cord blood and adults were cultured with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), or allogeneic cells, variable proportions of them expressed Tac antigen. The expression of Tac antigen on stimulated T cells increased in parallel with DNA synthesis, and was significantly correlated with the proliferative response of stimulated T cells. In contrast to Tac antigen, the expression of Ia antigens appeared to show some time lag behind the proliferative response. Although expression of Ia antigens was too weak to assess in PHA- or Con A-stimulated cultures, adult T cells were stimulated by PWM or allogeneic cells to express strongly Ia antigens in culture. However, the percentage of Ia+ cells in cord blood T cells stimulated with PWM or allogeneic cells was markedly lower as compared with that of adults. In addition, cord blood T cells grown in the presence of T cell growth factor showed the same degree of Tac antigen as adult ones did, whereas their expression of Ia antigens was negligible as compared with adult controls. These observations suggested that T cells in cord blood might be deficient by nature in their ability to express Ia antigens on activation. The inability to develop Ia+ T cells seemed to be characteristic of functional immaturity of T cells in early human ontogeny.
Antigen presentation by human B cells: T cell proliferation induced by Epstein Barr virus B lymphoblastoid cells.
Authors: Issekutz T , Chu E , Geha R S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
T cell proliferation in response to antigen requires the presence of an antigen-presenting accessory cell. The accessory cell most commonly associated with antigen presentation has been the macrophage (Mo). This study demonstrates that B cells in the form of Epstein Barr virus-transformed B lymphoblasts (EBV-B) are able to present tetanus toxoid (TT) to human T cells and induce proliferation of these cells. T cells freshly isolated from peripheral blood were shown to undergo blast transformation and proliferation in response to TT and irradiated EBV-B cells. Furthermore, TT-reactive T cell blasts were shown to proliferate in the presence of EBV-B cells and TT, but not with other antigens. There was a progressive increase to a plateau in T blast proliferation with increasing numbers of EBV-B cells added to the culture. The concentration of TT required for optimal antigen presentation was similar for EBV-B cells and for Mo. TT-specific cloned T cells also proliferated in response to TT and EBV-B cells and could be continuously grown in culture with TT, interleukin 2-containing supernatant, and EBV-B cells in place of autologous Mo. EBV-B cells pulsed with TT could also act as antigen-presenting cells. The proliferative response of T cell clones to TT in the presence of EBV-B cells was inhibited by antiserum to human p29,34 glycoprotein but not by anti-beta 2-microglobulin. This inhibition was shown to result from interaction with Ia-like determinants on EBV-B cells. These results indicate that B lymphoblastoid cells in man are able, like Mo, to present antigen to T cells in the context of Ia-like determinants.
The binding characteristics of anti-Rho(D)-positive human and chimpanzee erythrocytes measured with 14C protein A.
Authors: Owens N A , Hui H L , Green F A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The relation of the human erythrocyte Rho(D) antigen to its chimpanzee counterpart is currently unresolved. To explore this relation, we prepared 14C protein A to compare the binding parameters between human anti-Rho(D) and Rho(D)-positive human and chimpanzee erythrocytes. Double reciprocal plots of the binding in each case exhibited a straight line with intercepts indicating approximately the same numbers of Rho(D) binding sites for human and chimpanzee erythrocytes but an affinity that was 20 times greater for the human. This would indicate that the human and chimpanzee each have a single class of sites whose primary structure is very similar but sufficiently different to give the large divergence in affinity as measured by the human isoimmune antiserum.
C4 does not bind to human and rabbit IgM during activation of the classical complement pathway on the red cell.
Authors: Circolo A , Borsos T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It has been known for many years that IgG-C4 complexes are generated during the activation of the classical complement pathway. Information regarding binding of C4 by IgM is not available. We studied the binding of human C4 by natural human and rabbit anti-hapten IgM under conditions in which the IgM was bound to hapten coupled to sheep red cells. We eluted the IgM by excess fluid phase hapten, reattached the eluted IgM to red cells coupled with hapten, and transferred the IgM from red cell-IgM-C4 complexes to red cells coupled with hapten. Analysis of the cells by radioimmunoassay and/or by hemolytic assays showed that no C4 was eluted from the cells with the IgM, that no C4 transferred from cell to cell with the IgM, and that the C4 remaining on the cells was hemolytically active. We concluded that in contrast to IgG, natural human and rabbit IgM at a cell surface failed to bind C4.
Cell-mediated lympholysis responses against autologous cells modified with haptenic sulfhydryl reagents. IV. Self-determinants recognized by wild-type anti-H-2Kb and H-2Db-restricted cytotoxic T cells specific for sulfhydryl and amino-reactive haptens are absent in certain H-2 mutant strains.
Authors: Levy R B , Shearer G M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Virus-specific H-2-restricted cytotoxic T cells (CTL) have been found to discriminate between wild-type and mutant class I molecules. The only results reported concerning a hapten-self model, however, indicate that TNP-specific CTL do not discriminate between wild-type and mutant self determinants (7). In the present study, hapten-specific CTL generated against N-iodoacetyl-N'-(5-sulfonic-1-naphthyl) ethylene diamine-modified syngeneic cells (AED-self) were used to determine whether a hapten that is known to react with different cell surface sites than TNP can induce CTL that distinguish mutant H-2K and D molecules from those of wild type. The findings of this study indicate that H-2Kb-AED-self cytotoxic effector cells can discriminate between self-determinants of H-2Kb wild-type and the H-2bm1 and H-2bm11 mutants, but not between wild-type and the H-2bm6 and H-2bm9 mutants. H-2Db-AED-self effector cells were also found to discriminate between self-determinants of H-2Db wild-type and the H-2bm13 and H-2bm14 mutants. Furthermore, cold target competition experiments indicated that the bm1 and bm11 Kb products also lack some determinants recognized by anti-wild-type Kb TNP-specific CTL. These findings provide the first demonstration that hapten-self-specific effectors can detect alterations in H-2 mutant class I molecules. The results in the present report also support the hypothesis that haptens do not have to derivatize H-2 molecules in order to form antigens recognized by H-2-restricted CTL. These findings are discussed with respect to the involvement of self-determinants on MHC and non-MHC cell surface molecules.
T cell subsets in allograft rejection. In situ characterization of T cell subsets in human skin allografts by the use of monoclonal antibodies.
Authors: Bhan A K , Mihm M C , Dvorak H F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have provided evidence that both major T cell subsets, T4-positive (helper/inducer) and T8-positive (cytotoxic/suppressor), infiltrate human skin allografts. Overall, and in the graft dermis and graft bed, T4-positive cells were predominant (1.5 to 3 times more numerous than T8-positive cells). In contrast, T8-positive cells were relatively more numerous in the epidermis and hair follicles. Rejection probably proceeded by two apparently independent pathways: 1) direct contact killing of graft epithelial cells, presumably by immunologically specific T8-positive cytotoxic cells, and 2) injury of microvascular endothelium of both the graft and graft bed with secondary graft infarction. Although important in first set skin allograft rejection, the mechanism of the second type of killing is uncertain. T4-positive cells were probably involved, as evidenced by their greater numbers; furthermore, studies in mice have shown that transfused helper/inducer cells are able to effect first-set skin graft rejection. It remains to be determined whether T4-positive cells act alone or cooperate with other cells to destroy vessels and bring about graft rejection. Langerhans cells were recognized in epithelial and dermal compartments of both allografts and autografts by their reactivity with anti-T6 and anti-Ia antibodies. We could not determine whether such cells in allografts were of host or donor origin.
Functional characteristics of a Ficoll-separated mouse bone marrow cell population involved in skin allograft prolongation.
Authors: Gozzo J J , Crowley M , Maki T , Monaco A P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Treatment of recipient mice with donor bone marrow cells and anti-lymphocyte serum (ALS) results in extensive skin graft prolongation beyond that achieved in animals given only ALS. In this study, B6AF1 recipient mice were grafted with C3H/He skin on day 0, treated with ALS on days -1 and +2 and infused on day +7 with donor strain (C3H/He) bone marrow cells. Extensive graft prolongation was achieved either with 25 X 10(6) whole bone marrow cells or with 1 X 10(6) lymphoid-like cells derived from donor marrow that sediment at a rate of 3 mm/hr in a 2 to 4% Ficoll gradient at unit gravity. These allograft-prolonging lymphoid-like cells appear not to be CFUs cells, have suppressive activity in in vitro MLC assays, and contain both nylon wool adherent and non-adherent cells. These studies thus show that allograft promoting cells can be isolated from bone marrow utilizing Ficoll gradients. Functional studies suggest that 3 mm/hr sedimenting donor bone marrow suppressor cells may be involved in the induction of allograft prolongation.
Actin polymerization induced by chemotactic peptide and concanavalin A in rat neutrophils.
Authors: Rao K M , Varani J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Changes in the state of actin in rat neutrophils were studied after chemotactic peptide and concanavalin A stimulation by using the DNase I inhibition assay. Actin polymerization occurred within seconds after stimulation with F-Met-Leu-Phe and concanavalin A. Pretreatment of cells with cytochalasin D prevented chemotactic peptide-induced actin polymerization. The addition of F-Met-Leu-Phe to lysed cells did not produce any change in actin state. These data offer strong evidence for receptor-induced actin polymerization and support the models implicating actin microfilament formation as a crucial event in cell activation. The observations on platelets, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and islets of Langerhans from different species suggest that actin polymerization might be a universal intracellular event accompanying cell surface receptor perturbation in eukaryotic cells.