bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dogs and cats from the metropolitan region of Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
Authors: Covre Kamila Cunha , Farias Priscila Camargo Granadeiro , Müller Rosângela Aparecida , Amorim Vanessa Gobbi , Lopes Rosalida Estevan Nazar , Salaroli Luciane Bresciani , Vitor Ricardo Wagner De Almeida , Fux Blima 
Published: May 2023

Toxoplasmosis, an infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is widely distributed worldwide. Seroprevalence in pets is a reliable tool to determine environmental parasite presence and human risk of infection due to proximity to these animals. In this context, the frequency of anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies in sera of dogs and cats from Espirito Santo, Brazil and risk factors associated with the infection (sex, age, allocation, and breed) were assessed. Antibodies against T. gondii were detected in 39.4% (149/378) and 38.1% (142/373) of the dogs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), respectively. In cats, antibodies were detected in 15.2% (12/79) by ELISA and 7.6% (6/79) by IFAT. Canine infection was associated with stray origin and older ages. Feline females showed a higher chance of infection. There was an agreement between techniques in the detection of antibodies in dogs (k = 0.82) and cats (k = 0.63). These results indicate the parasite presence in the urban environment, suggesting the possibility of infection to humans and other animals. However, this risk is lower while considering pet domiciled animals with a more controlled diet and better hygiene conditions.
A study of measuring blood sugar levels in cows in areas around Nasiriyah city using the ready-made ACCU_CHEK method and using a kit.
Authors: Jalil Abed Gatie  
Published: May 2023

Measuring the concentration of sugar in cows is very important to assess their health status, as well as the possibility of treatment with solutions containing sugar to treat a number of diseases that affect cows. The range of sugar concentration in cows is 42-75 mg / 100 ml of blood. The study aimed at the possibility of using the ACCU-CHEK device with human use to measure sugar concentration in cows due to the speed of results, ease of use, low price of the device and the attached tapes, and the possibility of transporting it and working in the field compared to the spectrometer and kit attached to it. This study was designed to compare two methods for measuring the concentration of sugar in the blood of cows, which are kit, in which 52 blood samples were used from healthy and sick cows and calves living in the suburbs of Nasiryah city, and the ACCU-CHEK rapid device method using a drop of blood from 52 heads of cows and calves for direct use. Accu-chek (device) can be used to measure the concentration of sugar in the blood of cows, especially in various clinical conditions, including cases of hypoglycemia that are treated with sugar itself, and measuring the concentration of sugar is very important when diagnosing diseases in cows that causes high and low sugar concentrations and due to the ease of use and transportation of the device and its low price and the price of test strips ,compared with kit method, we recommend using it in cow glucose measurement and using it in veterinary medicine.
Studying the effect of the genotypes of the prolactin gene (PRL) on the productive performance of Holstein cows
Authors: Salam Ahmed , MAUJ S. Harbeya  , ABDALLAH H. SALM  
Published: May 2023

The study was conducted at Taj Al-Nahrain station in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, which is 200 km from the center of Dhi Qar Governorate. For the period from 10/15/2021 to 4/15/2021, 85 Holstein cows imported from Germany were used in this experiment, and they were selected from among 700 cows in the station, all of which are in the third production cycle. As for the laboratory part of the study, it was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Life Sciences at the College of Science / Dhi Qar University for the purpose of separating the genetic material (DNA), conducting polymerase chain reaction and electrophoresis, and identifying genetic mutations in the studied genetic segment on the prolactin gene, The animals in the station were fed according to the season and year in terms of the availability of feed and the percentage of costs involved in raising cows, as well as depending on the general state of cow productivity. But in general, it is provided with green fodder, which includes yoghurt, barley, corn stalks, and a percentage of both dry feed (hay and hay) and concentrated feed (barley, bran and cake) according to what is available from them, as well as limestone and table salt. The data on milk production were collected from the station records, where the milk production was recorded weekly for the morning circuit and the evening circuit by the station, and the milk components were analyzed in the Abu Ghraib Dairy Company / Research and Development Division by a Milk Analyzer, and 3 ml of blood was collected from a vein The udder of each cow was given by medical syringes with a capacity of 5 ml, suitable for the size of the animal’s vein, and placed in collection tubes containing an anticoagulant substance (K2 EDTA) and transferred in a cooler box for freezing at a temperature of -18°C until the time of extraction. From the results obtained from this study, it can be concluded that the mutation C83T changed the code of the amino acid histidine to the amino acid Tyrosine, which had a significant effect on the characteristics of daily and total milk production, while the mutation G168C changed the amino acid arginine to the amino acid Proline, which was significantly reflected on the traits of persistence. In milk production, the length of the milk season and the proportion of milk protein, most of the average traits for cows in the third season of production appeared higher than the general averages compared to other studies, and most of the simple correlation coefficients between the study traits were high and significant.
Study of progesterone level during first trimester of pregnancy in cows.
Authors: Jawad K. Taher  , Khawla A. Hussein  
Published: May 2023

Measurement of progesterone is an indirect method for pregnancy diagnosis in many livestock species including cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats. Conception extends the life of the corpus luteum (CL) by preventing the luteolytic mechanism from being triggered, thus prolonging and maintaining its functional characteristics, ensuring continued high progesterone levels (Spencer, et.al., 1995). (Shemesh et al., 1973) proposed that the difference in peripheral plasma progesterone levels between pregnant and non pregnant cows, 19 days after insemination, can form the basis for a very early pregnancy test. (Laing and Heap 1972) first documented this in milk to diagnose cows in early pregnancy Progesterone maintains the uterine endometrium in a state which supports embryonic development, implantation, and foetoplacental development. Progesterone concentrations vary with the stage of the estrous cycle which makes it one of the most commonly studied reproductive hormones in bovine ruminants for pregnancy detection and ovarian activity (Kaneko,et.al.,1994). Studies in the bovine estrous cycle indicate that the milk or serum progesterone concentrations reach a maximum value 13-14 days after estrus, and if the animal is pregnant, these continue to remain elevated up to day 21 after fertilization (Parkinson, et al.,1994) . These high levels of progesterone in serum or milk between days 18 and 24 after insemination form the basis of establishment of pregnancy in cattle (Sasser, and Ruder,1987; Shemesh,1973). Interferon-???? exerts its antiluteolytic effect by inhibiting the endometrial expression of oxytocin receptors, through which oxytocin stimulates pulsatile PGF2???? release (Wolf,2003). Although low progesterone concentrations at 18 to 24 days after breeding can accurately predict non pregnancy, high progesterone concentrations during this period are not the specific indicators of pregnancy due to variations among cows in duration of the estrous cycle as well as the incidence of early or late embryonic mortality. The advantages of progesterone assay for pregnancy diagnosis include noninvasive collection of milk sample and the feasibility to conduct the test on the farm using commercial cow-side milk progesterone test kits [Pennington,1985 ; Gowan,1982 ; Wimpy,et.al.,1986), though the sensitivity gets compromised to some extent with these assay kits.
Key Word: progesterone, pregnancy, cows
Prediction of soil structure parameters dependent of physical properties at different soil management and texture
Authors: Dakhil R. Nedewi  
Published: May 2023

This study was an attempt to predict the value of some soil structure parameters of MWD and WSA% as a function of soil content ( organic matter , total porosity, sand silt, clay) at different of soil management and soil texture. Six soil samples of the depth 0-30 cm were selected from three sites that different in texture of Clay, loam and Sandy loam in Basra Governorate (Abi Al-Khasib, Madinah and Zubair). Three samples represented the treatment of soil management (soil cultivated with alfalfa crop for 7 years respectively), and the other three samples from the same sites for uncultivated soil (bare soil) with three replicates for each sample. Soil organic matter content, total porosity , mean weight diameter, water aggregate stability percentage and particle size distribution were measured. The results showed that the MWD and WSA% as a function of some soil constituents( organic matter, total porosity, clay, silt and sand ) was represented by a highly significant linear equations. The correlation coefficients were highly significant and positive for all the studied constituent except for the sand, which it was negative.The results also showed that the change in the WSA% was greater compared with the MWD value depending at the changing of soil constituents. This is reflected in the increasing ​​of the regression constants of the linear equations.The results show that the highest values ​​of soil structural parameters were in the soil management treatment (cultivated soil) and increasing of clay and silt. The variation of the effect of soil constituent on both MWD and WSA% by using the linear correlation equation, The constituent were entered as independent variables to predict these two parameters in multiple linear correlation equations for soil constituents at a probability level of 1%.As this led to a very large increase in the values ​​of the correlation coefficient, which indicates the possibility of using multiple correlation equations for the constituents of the study soil to predict the values ​​of structural parameters.
____________________________________________________________
Keywords: soil management, mean weight diameter, water stability aggregate.
EFFECT OF ENRICHMENT BIOCHARE BY NITROGEN AND USED AS SLOW RELEASE FERTILIZER ON NITROGEN AVAILABILITY AND YIELD OF OKRA (Ablemoscus esculentus L. Moench) PLANT
Authors: Mohsin Abdulhay Desher  , Zaineb Shahied Jasiem,  , Abdulamier Moaazi Mahmood  
Published: May 2023

A greenhouse experiment was conducted in agricultural research station - College of Agriculture / Garmat Ali campus during the winter season 2020 - 2021 in Silty clay soil under drip irrigation system, cultivated Okra crop Ablemoscus esculentus L. Monech, Hasnawi variety local production, to study the effect of different levels of Biochar enrichment by nitrogen and used as slow release fertilizer on nitrogen availability in soil and yield of Okra plant.
The study included an impact statement Iraqi urea fertilizer source of nitrogen (46 % N) as control and Biochar enrichment with nitrogen:
(NECB %100), (NECB %75 + N %25), (NECB %50 + N%50), (NECB %25 + N%75). Fertilizers apply as soil application when preparation soil in greenhouse before planting seeds, the results of this study showed:
The fertilizer of Biochar enrichment with 100% nitrogen (100% NECB) significantly superior on available nitrogen in soil by 23.28 gm Kg-1 at deep distance (0 - 25) cm deep and significantly superior of particle biochar size (2 mm) with15.33 gm Kg-1 respectively compared with other treatments during plant grown season. Also same treatment (100 % NECB) were significantly superior on total yield by values 8.12 ton ha-1 compared with other treatments during last period of plant growth respectively.
* The research as a part of MSC thesis of first author.
Study of the allelic frequency of HSPA6 gene and its genotypes and their effect on some characteristics of milk production in Holstein cows
Authors: Abdullah Hamid Salem  , Ghadeer Razak Ahmed  
Published: May 2023

The study was conducted at the Taj Al-Nahrain cattle station in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, which is 200 km from the center of Dhi Qar Governorate. For the period from 10/15/2021 to 10/3/2022, 49 Holstein cows imported from Germany were used in this experiment, all in the third production cycle. And the laboratory part of the study was conducted in the laboratory of the Marsh Research Center \ Dhi Qar University for the purpose of separating the genetic material from cow blood samples and conducting genetic analysis on it and extracting the possible genotypes HSPA6 heat shock protein gene. The animals in the station were fed according to the season and the year in terms of the availability of fodder and the percentage of costs involved in raising the cows, as well as on the general state of the productivity of the cows, but in general they are provided with green fodder, which includes jet, barley, corn stalks and a percentage of each of the dry fodder (hay and hay). ) and concentrate (barley, bran and cake) according to what is available from them, as well as limestone and table salt. Data on milk production were collected from the station records, where the milk production was recorded weekly for the morning and evening fenugreek by the station, and the milk components were analyzed in the Abu Dairy Company Gharib / Research and Development Division by Milk Analyzer. 3 ml of blood was collected from the udder vein of each cow by 5 ml medical syringes, suitable for the size of the animal’s vein, and placed in collection tubes containing an anticoagulant substance (K2 EDTA) and transported in a cooler box for safekeeping Freezing at -18°C until extraction time.
From the results obtained from this study, we can conclude that the mutation detected in the studied segment of the 6HSPA gene was a type of missense mutation and worked to change the code of the amino acid valine to the code of the amino acid leucine. Three genotypes were shown: GG, GT, and TT. It was found that there was a clear commonality of cows carrying the GG genotype with a rate of 88%, followed by the GT genotype with 8%, while the TT genotype got the lowest percentage and amounted to 4%, and with allelic recurrence Its value is 0.92 for the G allele and 0.08 for the T . allele
Groups of cows carrying the genotypes (GG, GT and TT) did not differ significantly among themselves in the characteristics of milk production and its components, but an arithmetic superiority between the three genotypes was observed and referred to in all the studied traits.
Study of genetic variation in populations of Coptodon zilliii, Oreochromis aureus, and Oreochromis niloticus in two areas South of Iraq, in Khaur Abdallah and Shatt Al-Arab Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene Analysis
Authors: Layla A. Awfi  
Published: May 2023

This study has a specific goal in mind: Genetic Variation Study Within Populations of Coptodon zilliii, Oreochromis aureus, and Oreochromis niloticus, and analysed the partial Cytb gene sequence of mtDNA to determine genetic diversity among these species in the Khaur Abdallah and Shatt Al-Arab in the south of Iraq, where the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was used.DNA was isolated from 40 specimens of the three species collected from two different sites and examined. The gene size for Coptodon zilliii,Oreochromis aureus, and Oreochromis niloticus was (439, 326 & 473 bp long (amplified Cytb gene)), respectively. The study found that two haplotypes in Khaur Abdallah and one in the Shatt-Al-Arab river in Coptodon zilliii populations, while was found one haplotype in Khaur Abdallah and one in the Shatt-Al-Arab in both Oreochromis aureus, and Oreochromisniloticus populations by using Software DnaSP v5.1. In each of the species Oreochromis aureus and Oreochromis niloticus, the research identified two types of unique haplotypes, one in Khaur Abdallah and the other in Shatt-Al-Arab. However, three haplotype patterns for Coptodon zilliii populations were discovered: one in the Shatt al-Arab River and two in Khaur Abdallah. Low nucleotide (π) and haplotype diversity (Hd) values were found in both Oreochromisaureus and Oreochromis niloticus populations in the Shatt Al-Arab river and Khaur Abdallah, indicating low genetic variation among populations for both species in the two regions. However, there was no diversity within the Oreochromis aureus population in both Shatt Al-Arab and Khaur Abdallah. The population of Oreochromis niloticus has the same indication. Three haplotypes for Coptodon zilliii indicate to genetic variance across populations in the Shatt Al-Arab riverand Khaur Abdallah regions, although no variety within the Coptodon zilliii species was found in the Shatt Al-Arab river. In the Khaur Abdallah district, there was little genetic diversity among them.
Yield and Economic Analysis of Maize Production Using Different Combinations of Combined Tillage Machines and Comparison to Conventional Tillage Systems
Authors: Dakhil R. Ndawi  , Aqeel J. Nassir  , Sadiq J. Muhsin  
Published: May 2023

The study was carried out at the agriculture college research station, University of Basrah, in the 2021 season. This research aimed to investigate the effect of five combinations of combined tillage machines on maize yield, fuel consumption, total cost, total return, and return and benefit-cost return. The economic indicators of combined tillage machines were compared with five conventional tillage systems. The combined tillage machines are The T1 combined tillage machine consists of a subsoiler operating at a depth of 60 cm, a chisel plow, a disk harrow, and a roller. T2 is similar to T1, except the subsoiler operates at a depth of 40 cm. A T3 combined tillage machine consists of a subsoiler operating at a depth of 60 cm and a chisel plow. T4 is similar to T3, except the subsoiler operates at a depth of 40 cm. A T5 combined tillage machine consists of a chisel plow and a disk harrow. The conventional tillage systems include M1, which consists of four passes (subsoiler at a depth of 60 cm + chisel plow + disk harrow + roller), M2 consists of four passes (subsoiler at a depth of 40 cm + chisel plow + disk harrow + roller), M3 consists of two passes (subsoiler at a depth of 60 cm + chisel plow), M4 consists of two passes (subsoiler at a depth of 40 cm + chisel plow ), M5 consists of two passes (chisel plow + disk harrow ). Each treatment was replicated three times, and the data were analyzed using a randomized complete block design in this experiment. The mean of the treatments for the combined tillage machines and conventional tillage systems were compared using the t-test at the probability level (0.01). The results of the combined tillage machines T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 comparison with conventional tillage systems M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5 revealed that the maize yield increased by 56.10 and 59.42, 56.48, 35.29, and 35.31% and saved fuel by 54.86 and 60.42, 36.77, 39.77, and 42.20% and decreased the total cost by 24.62, 24.70, 28.70, 27.61, and 16.50%. However, BCR was raised by 96.62, 101.28, 92.44, 68.35.20, and 57.2% respectively. Soil tillage with combined tillage machines improved maize crop yield and fuel consumption.
The study of some phenotype and physiological characteristic of water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laubach on different regions of Thi-qar governorate
Authors: Sabah N. Nasir  , Alia H. Talib  , Suham Z. Manshad  , Abdul -Wahab R. Ayyal  
Published: May 2023

The plant of water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipesis an abundant floating aquatic weed that has great potential for reproduction in Iraq especially at Thi-Qar governorateat last years, So the study was conducted on plant at three different regions to know the differences on some phenotypic characters are ( plant high , root longs , number of leaves , leaf area and the fresh and the dry weights of leaves ) . The results were revealed a clear difference at plant high , root longs , number of leaves , leaf area , fresh and dry weights of plant shoots , also concentrations of chlorophyll , carotenoids , carbohydrates and proteins were estimated . It was found that a clear difference on the concentrations of the components that were studied .
Association Between Hospital Monopoly Status, Patient Socioeconomic Disadvantage, and Total Joint Arthroplasty Price Disclosure
Authors: Peairs Emily M. , Zhang Gloria X. , Kerr David , Erickson Melissa M. , Zhang Yuqi , Cerullo Marcelo 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
In recent years, healthcare institutions and regulatory bodies have enacted cost transparency mandates for routine interventions such as total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty. However, disclosure rates remain low. This study examined the effect of financial characteristics of hospitals and the socioeconomic status of patients on price disclosure.

Methods:
Hospitals conducting total hip arthroplasty/total knee arthroplasty, their quality ratings, and procedural volumes were identified using the Leapfrog Hospital Survey and linked to procedure-specific prices. Financial performance and the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) were used to correlate disclosure rates with hospital and patient characteristics. Hospital financial, operational, and patient summary statistics were compared by price-disclosure status using two-sample t-tests for continuous variables and Pearson chi-square test for categorical variables. The association between total joint arthroplasty price disclosure and hospital ADI was further evaluated using modified Poisson regression.

Results:
A total of 1,425 hospitals certified by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services were identified in the United States. 50.5% (n = 721) of hospitals had no published payer-specific price information. Hospitals in an area of higher socioeconomic disadvantage were more likely to disclose prices of total joint arthroplasty (incidence rate ratio = 0.966, 95% CI: 0.937 to 0.995, P = 0.024). Hospitals that were considered monopolies or were for-profit were less likely to disclose prices (IRR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.030 to 1.280, P = 0.01; IRR = 1.256, 95% CI: 0.986 to 1.526, P = 0.038, respectively). When accounting for both ADI and monopoly status, hospitals with patients who had a higher ADI were more likely to disclose costs for a total joint arthroplasty, whereas for-profit hospitals or hospitals considered monopolies in their HSA were less likely to disclose prices.

Discussion:
For nonmonopoly hospitals, a higher ADI correlated with a higher likelihood of price disclosure. However, for monopoly hospitals, there was no significant association between ADI and price disclosure.

Level of Evidence:
II