bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastric Cancer Risk Factors in a Veteran Population
Authors: Fansiwala Kush , Qian Yingzhi , Liang Peter S 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Risk factors for gastric cancer in the United States are not well understood, especially in populations with a low proportion of immigrants. We conducted a matched case–control study in a Veteran Affairs Medical Center to identify risk factors for gastric cancer.

Materials and Methods
Gastric cancer patients and age- and sex-matched controls were identified in a 1:4 ratio from January 1, 1997 to October 31, 2018. Demographic, medical, endoscopic, and histologic data were extracted. We performed conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios and 95% CIs for associations between potential risk factors and gastric cancer.

Results
Most gastric cancer cases were diagnosed on initial endoscopy (71.4%). Of these, the most common presenting stage was stage IV (40.8%). Risk factors for gastric cancer included Black and Asian race and never or current (compared to former) drinkers, although Helicobacter pylori eradication and pernicious anemia were associated with decreased risk.

Conclusions
The high proportion of late-stage gastric cancer diagnoses highlights the need for improved risk stratification as well as screening and surveillance protocols in the U.S. population. Racial disparities among veterans in an equal-access system necessitate further investigation into the etiology of these disparities.
Inflation dynamics: a traditional perspective
Authors: Malikane Christopher 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We derive a traditional Phillips curve (TPC) under the assumption that a fraction of firms sells output at optimal prices, while the other fraction sells at contract prices. Our derivation delivers a pricing mechanism where inflation depends on expected inflation and the real optimal price, which is the real marginal cost. The parameters of this Phillips curve have a clear structural interpretation in much the same way as its new Keynesian counterpart. Using a Leontief-type technology, our baseline TPC features expected inflation, the labour share, demand pressure and a vector of supply shocks. We estimate this TPC for five developed and five emerging market economies and find that the degree of price rigidity is significant and correctly signed in most of the economies. We conclude that this TPC is a credible rival to its forward-looking new Keynesian counterpart.
Functional and translational consequences of immunometabolic coevolution in ccRCC
Authors: Reznik Ed , Tang Cerise , Xie Amy , Minwei Liu Eric , Kuo Fengshen , Kim Minsoo , Golkaram Mahdi , Chen Yingbei , Gupta Sounak , Motzer Robert , Russo Paul , Coleman Jonathan , Carloa Maria , Voss Martin , Kotecha Ritesh , Han Lee Chung , Tansey Wesley , Schultz Nikolaus , Ari Hakimi A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Tumor cell phenotypes and anti-tumor immune responses are shaped by local metabolite availability, but intratumoral metabolite heterogeneity (IMH) and its phenotypic consequences remain poorly understood. In vitro mechanistic studies have demonstrated that the anti-tumor activity of lymphoid and myeloid cell populations is mediated by metabolite availability and signaling in the TME, raising the possibility that the immune response and metabolism of ccRCC tumors coevolve and jointly influence the likelihood that a patient responds to therapy.. However, both the broad patterns of coordination between metabolite abundance and TME cellular composition, as well as the precise cell populations producing metabolic phenotypes of interest, remain unknown.

Methods
To study IMH, we multiregionally profiled the metabolome, transcriptome, and genome of 187 tumor/normal regions from 31 clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients. Using these measurements and additional multimodal metabolomic/transcriptomic profiling of ccRCC and other diseases, we developed computational models that can be used to understand RNA-metabolite covariation and ultimately impute metabolite levels from RNA sequencing data.

Results
Analysis of intratumoral metabolite-RNA covariation revealed that the immune composition of the microenvironment, and especially the abundance of myeloid cells, drove intratumoral metabolite variation. Motivated by the strength of RNA-metabolite covariation and the clinical significance of RNA biomarkers in ccRCC, we deployed and benchmarked a machine learning method (MIRTH) to impute metabolite levels directly from RNA sequencing data of primary and metastatic ccRCC tumors. We inferred metabolomic profiles from RNA sequencing data of ccRCC patients enrolled in 6 clinical trials, ultimately identifying specific metabolite biomarkers associated with response to anti-angiogenic agents.

Conclusions
Local metabolic phenotypes therefore emerge in tandem with the immune microenvironment and associate with therapeutic sensitivity.
CDMRP DOD Funding: yes
A Phase 1/2, open label dose-escalation and expansion trial of NKT2152, an orally administered HIF2α inhibitor, to investigate safety, PK, PD and clinical activity in patients with advanced ccRCC
Authors: Jonasch Eric , Hauke Ralph , Falchook Gerald , Logan Theodore , Gordon Michael , Hall Evan , Schuch Brian , Bilen Mehmet A , Naqash Abdul , Zakaharia Yousef , Ryan Christopher W , Lally Satwant , Xiao Jim , Zimmerman Zachary , Srinivasan Ramaprasad , Choueiri Toni K 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Inactivation of the VHL gene leading to aberrant HIF2α activity is nearly universal in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). NKT2152 is a novel, potent, selective orally available HIF2α inhibitor optimized for enhanced PK exposure and sustained target inhibition which has demonstrated robust activity in both ccRCC cell line-derived and patient-derived xenograft RCC and other solid tumor models.
This is a Phase 1/2 open label, multicenter, first in human study of NKT2152 in adults with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) (NCT05119335). In Phase 1, up to ~60 patients will be enrolled according to a 3 + 3 design with backfill as permitted by the Safety Review Committee. The primary objective of phase 1 is to determine the recommended dose for expansion (RDE) based on the totality of clinical data.
Phase 2 will enroll ~50 additional patients with the primary objective of determining investigator-assessed by RECIST v1.1. Key secondary objectives include safety, tolerability, PD effects, progression free survival, duration of response, and disease control rate. Exploratory objectives include evaluation of biomarkers predictive of tumor response.
Adults who have advanced ccRCC without available standard therapy), ECOG PS 0-2, with measurable disease per RECIST 1.1 are eligible. Patients who have had prior HIF2a inhibitors, require supplemental oxygen, and with significant cardiac disease are excluded. Tumor assessments by CT or MRI are conducted every 8 weeks until 48 weeks, then every 12 weeks thereafter. Adverse events will be monitored and graded in severity using CTCAE v5.0. The Phase 1 study is currently actively accruing in the United States with Phase 2 dose expansion anticipated to start in Q3, 2023.
Pigment assemblages in subtropical bloom-forming cyanobacteria strains
Authors: Bonilla Sylvia , Cremella Bruno , Acuña Victoria , Haakonsson Signe 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Pigments are powerful indicators for chemotaxonomy and remote sensing studies, which are the approaches used for cyanobacterial bloom monitoring. Cyanobacterial pigments include high concentrations of phycobilins and diverse carotenoids. Filamentous nitrogen-fixing species (Nostocales) are frequent in cyanobacterial blooms of warm climate lakes, and more information about pigments can be useful for improving management. We analyzed the carotenoid ratios to chlorophyll a of nine subtropical cyanobacterial strains (orders: Synechococcales, Chroococcales, Oscillatoriales and Nostocales), for some of which we also characterized the in vivo absorption spectra (aph). The main carotenoids were β,β-carotene, echinenone, hydroxy-echinenone-like, zeaxanthin and myxoxanthophyll (including aphanizophyll and unknown myxoxanthophyll-like myxol-glycoside carotenoids); however, proportions diverged greatly between orders, a trend also observed for the aph. Zeaxanthin ratios were highest in the picocyanobacterium. Nostocales species were rich in myxoxanthophyll and echinenone, with low zeaxanthin signals. We identified four pigment assemblages differentiating the strains according to their phylogenetic orders, information that needs to be considered for tracking cyanobacterial groups, particularly Nostocales.
Efficacy of Perineural versus Systemic Dexamethasone to Prolong Analgesia after Ultrasound Guided TAP Block for Patients Undergoing Lower Abdominal Surgeries
Authors: Fltaoos Abanoub M , Elkadi Galal A , Kamal Karim Y , Elawady Diaa Eldin S 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Poorly controlled acute pain after surgery is associated with a variety of unwanted postoperative consequences, including patient suffering, distress, myocardial ischemia, prolonged hospital stay and increase of chronic pain.

Aim of the Work
to study the effect of adding dexamethasone perineurally & systemicly as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in TAP block. The comparison included the effect on postoperative pain & postoperative analgesic requirement and haemodynamics.

Patients and Methods
In our study, 52 patients were randomly divided into two equal groups: Group A: Patients who received 2 ml volume of dexamethasone (8 mg) perineurally combined with the 20 ml of bupivacaine of (0.25%) concentration in the block (total 22 ml), followed by injecting 5 ml saline intravenous. Group B: Patients who received 2 ml of dexamethasone (8 mg) intravenously diluted over 3 cm saline in a 5 ml syringe intravenously following injection of the perineural 20 ml bupivacaine (0.25%) combined with 2 ml saline to have the same syringe volume for the block (22 ml)

Results
Our study showed that addition of dexamethasone to bupivacaine in TAP block whether perineural or intravenous prolonged postoperative analgesia with negligible side effects & better outcome to the perineural route.

Conclusion
Addition of perineural dexamethasone to bupivacaine in TAP block provided adequate post operative analgesia & patient satisfaction along with reduced numbers of rescue analgesia doses. Dexamethasone was seen to be a potent adjunct to local anaesthetic to prolong post operative analgesia with negligible side effects & better outcome to the perineural route.
US Guided vs Landmark Guided in Paramedian Spinal in Elderly
Authors: Bayoumi Ahmed Ashraf Abdelaziz , Gomaa Salama Hala , Farag Hanan Mahmoud , Mohamed Wael Abdelmoneim 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The ultrasound-assisted paramedian technique reduces the technical difficulty of spinal anaesthesia in the elderly. Compared with the landmark-guided paramedian technique, the use of ultrasound reduced the number of needle manipulations required for success, increased the firstattempt success rate and reduced block-associated pain and discomfort.

Aim of the Work
The study aims to evaluate whether ultrasound assisted paramedian spinal anaesthesia in the elderly can achieve successful dural puncture with fewer needle passes compared with the conventional landmark guided paramedian technique.

Patients and Methods
After obtaining approval from the Research Ethical Committee of Faculty of Medicine, Ain shams University; this study conducted in the operating theatres of Ain Shams University Hospitals with sample size of 10 patients / group will be needed. The patients randomly divided pre-operatively into two groups using their computer-generated random numbers such that „even numbers‟ will be enrolled in “group-L” for patients receive spinal anaesthesia by the paramedian approach by landmark guided palpation and „odd numbers‟ will be enrolled in “group-s” for patients ultrasound assisted approach.

Results
Ultrasonography might improve the efficacy of spinal anaesthesia by improving the accuracy of identification of intervertebral level, depth measurement of the intrathecal space and location of the interlaminar window that permits needle passage compared with the landmark guided technique, ultrasound assisted spinal anaesthesia decreases the number of puncture attempts and improves the success rate at the first attempt in patients with potential technical difficulties we believe that individualisation is a key element of minimising technical difficulties. Because of the large intersubject variability in anatomy, the blind technique have a theoretical upper limit of success rate. Through which we obtained success rates of 90 and 100% at the first attempt and within two attempts, respectively, in the ultrasound group.

Conclusion
Ultrasound-assisted paramedian spinal anaesthesia significantly reduces the number of needle manipulations required for success, increases the success rate at first pass and decreases periprocedural pain and patient discomfort compared with the landmark-guided paramedian technique in the elderly. Our results suggest that the neuraxial ultrasonography enhances the efficacy and comfort of spinal anaesthesia in the elderly.
A Comparative Study between Rectus Sheath Block and Quadratus Lumborum Block for Post-Operative Analgesia Following Para-Umbilical Hernia Repair Surgery
Authors: Al-Majeed Alaa Adel Abd , Al-Kadi Galal Adel , Shoukry Randa Ali , Ibrahim Dalia Ahmed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Umbilical hernia repair, is a common day-surgery procedure and associated with considerable postoperative discomfort. The goal of postoperative pain management is provision of comfort, early mobilization and improved respiratory function without causing inadequate sedation and respiratory compromise, which can be achieved through using multimodal analgesic therapy, preference for regional techniques, avoidance of sedatives, non-invasive ventilation with supplemental oxygen and early mobilization.

Aim of the Work
To assess the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided trans-muscular quadratus lumborum block compared with rectus sheath block during para-umbilical hernia repair surgery and in the early postoperative period by measuring and comparing postoperative VAS score and first time to rescue analgesia and the total amount of opioid (pethidine) given in the first 24 hours.

Patients and Methods
Patients undergoing paraumbilical hernia repair will be randomly assigned into one of the following groups using computer generated codes and opaque sealed envelopes: Group 1 (QL group) will receive bilateral ultrasound guided QLB. Group 2 (RSB group) will receive bilateral ultrasound guided RSB.

Results
The two groups were adequately monitored and assessed post-operatively and they were compared regarding analgesic outcome by using the visual analogue scaling system, besides, recording time for first call for rescue analgesia. Demographic data, post-operative hemodynamics, and sedation score were also assessed.

Conclusion
Quadratus lumborum block was more effective technique in providing analgesia after para-umbilical hernia repair surgery in comparison to rectus sheath block and even more time covering to rescue opioid.
Ultrasound Guided Modefied Pectoral Nerve Block (PECII) versus Serratus Anterior Plane Block (SAPB) for Postoperative Analgesia in Modified Radical Mastectomy
Authors: Abd El Salam Alaa Ashraf Hassan , Shokri Hoda , Moris Kerolos Emad , Mahmoud Mohamed Sidky 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in both the developed and less developed world. In 2012, it represented about 12 percent of all new cancer cases and 25 percent of all cancers in women. A procedure called Modified radical mastectomy is now a standard surgical treatment for early stage breast cancers. These procedures cause significant acute pain and may progress to chronic pain states in 25–60% of cases.

Objective
to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound guided Modefied pectoral nerve block (PEC II) versus Serratus Anterior plane block (SAPB) as a postoperative Analgesia in MRM. Regarding the time of the first analgesic dose and the total amount of analgesia consumed during the first 24 hrs inaddition to the pain score and incidence of complications.

Patients and Methods
After obtaining approval from the medical ethical committee in Ain Shams University, this study was conducted in Ain Shams University Hospitals. It included 70 female patients undergoing MRM were divided randomly into two groups, each group consisted of 35 patients; Group I patients received Modified PECS, Group II patients received Serratus Anterior Plane Block (SAPB). The two groups were compared regarding analgesic outcome by using the numeric rating score system, time for first for analgesic need and total consumption of opioid in the 1st 24 postoperative hours. Demographic data and post-operative hemodynamics were also assessed.

Results
The results of our study showed that there was no statistically significant difference between groups regarding demographic data. Also, there was a statistically significant decrease in Mean blood pressure (mmHg) in Group II compared with Group I from 1 hr. to 6 hrs postoperative. However, a statistically significant decrease in group II compared to group I regarding postoperative heart rate (beat/min) from 1 hr. to 6 hrs.

Conclusion
SAPB block was more effective in reducing postoperative pain scores for 1-6 hours and lower total 24-h postoperative opioid and analgesic consumption after MRM under general anesthesia, compared to Modefied PECS block.
Effect of Preoperative Intravenous Iron for Anemic Patients on Outcomes after Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fahmy Sameh Michel Hakim , Hakim Mahmoud Abdel , Daniel Samuel Habachi , El-Gendy Alaa Esmat Ali 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Iron-deficiency anemia is a global health problem and a common medical condition seen in everyday clinical practice and especially with patients going through cardiac surgery. The most rapid and effective method of correcting anemia is by transfusion of red blood cells. However, blood transfusion itself is not without risk. Treatment of perioperative anemia using iron replacement therapy is, in contrast to blood transfusion, a safe, cheap, and relatively convenient therapy

Aim of the Work
This study aims to perform a systematic review regarding the effect of preoperative intravenous iron therapy on the need for perioperative blood transfusion and the incidence of major morbidity in anemic patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Search Methodology
The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and articles were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, COCHRANE Database of systematic reviews (CDSR), Scopus, and Web of Science. Quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2 (ROB-2) and Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies tool (ROBANS). The primary outcomes are change in hemoglobin and hematocrit after cardiac surgery and perioperative need for blood transfusion, while secondary outcomes are postoperative length of hospital stay and incidence of major adverse outcomes.

Results
Of the articles reviewed a total of six randomized controlled trials (RCT) and seven non-randomized observational studies (NRSI) were included in the review. Across studies, 1,732 patients were enrolled. The quality of the RCTs was mostly high, while the quality of the NRSTs was low, primarily due to issues related to blinding of assessors. Two studies showed higher hemoglobin with iron therapy, and only one study showed significant differences in multiple outcomes such as transfusion and morbidity. Hospital stay was reported in 4 studies and averaged 9 days.

Conclusion
Our results showed benefits of preoperative intravenous iron administration in reducing the likelihood of allogeneic blood transfusion and providing a modest increase a modest increase in hemoglobin concentration in anemic patients undergoing caridac surgery.
Evaluation of Ultrasound- Guided Quadratus Lumborum Block for Postoperative Analgesia after Hip Surgery
Authors: Hawas Amira Y , Kamaly Ayman M , Maarouf Mohammed M , Anis Sherif G 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
With improvement of surgical technique, hip surgery became more frequent with increased need for adequate postoperative analgesia The main advantage of quadratus lumborum block (QLB) compared to spinal anaesthesia is the extension of local anesthetic agent beyond the transverses abdominis plane to the thoracic paravertebral space producing extensive analgesia and prolonged action.

Aim of the Work
to assess the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided (US) trans-muscular QLB compared to spinal anaesthesia during Hip surgery and in the early postoperative period regarding pain relief, provision of comfort, and improved respiratory functions.

Patients and Methods
64 patients were randomly allocated to one of 2 groups (n = 32; each); group QLB received US-guided QLB before induction of spinal anesthesia using 0.2 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25%. Group Spinal Anaesthesia alone: received Spinal anaesthesia alone, 3.5 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine plus 25 µg fentanyl.
QLB results in decreased incidence and severity of postoperative pain resulting in a decrease in incidence and degree of sedation and total opioid requirement. The quadratus lumborum block was more efficient than the spinal anaesthesia alone. The first rescue for analgesia (pethidine), total pethidine consumption and pain scores (visual analog scale) in QLB group were superior to that for the spinal anaesthesia group.

Conclusion
patients having preoperative single shot QLB, as an adjuvant to spinal anesthesia, have significant less time for discharge from the postoperative care unit and better postoperative pain control compared to spinal anesthesia alone for hip surgery, in terms of VAS score and total opioid consumption as well as frequency of need.