bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical characterization of the molecules reactive with Qa-6 antiserum and the monoclonal antibody 20-8-4: evidence for structural similarity with the Qa-2 molecule.
Authors: Widacki S M , Flaherty L , Cook R G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Qa-6 alloantigen and the molecule that crossreacts with the monoclonal antibody (mAb) 20-8-4 have been shown to be serologically distinct from the Qa-2 alloantigen by strain distribution and tissue distribution, respectively. In this report, we address the biochemical relationships among Qa-2, Qa-6, and the 20-8-4 cross-reactive molecule by using immunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Each of these molecules had an apparent m.w. of approximately 41K and was associated on the cell surface with beta 2-microglobulin. Removal of N-linked oligosaccharides with endoglycosidase F reduced their apparent m.w. to approximately 33K to 34K. The determinants recognized by anti-Qa-6 and mAb 20-8-4 were shown to reside on the same molecule(s) precipitated by anti-Qa-2 sera by immunodepletion experiments. The mAb 20-8-4 was also shown to preclear the molecules detected by the Qa-6 and Qa-2 antisera. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis demonstrated complete co-migration of the approximately 41K molecules detected by the three antibodies. By peptide map analysis with V8 protease, all three molecules appeared identical. Also, the determinant recognized by Qa-6 antiserum co-modulated with that recognized by the anti-Qa-2 mAb D3.262. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the molecules recognized by these three antisera and/or mAb are biochemically indistinguishable. These data, in conjunction with the serologic and genetic findings suggest that mAb 20-8-4 recognizes a molecule that is biochemically similar and possibly identical to the Qa-2 antigen. Moreover, although the genetic, serologic, and biochemical data demonstrate that Qa-6 is not controlled by the Qa-2 locus, but rather by a gene telomeric to Qa-2, the molecule bearing the Qa-6 determinant is very similar, if not identical, to the Qa-2 molecule. Several possible explanations for these discrepancies are discussed.
Transepithelial transport of maternal antibody: purification of IgG receptor from newborn rat intestine.
Authors: Jakoi E R , Cambier J , Saslow S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In newborn rats, passive immunity is acquired from the mother by selective transport across the gut wall of immunoglobulin (IgG) present in colostrum and milk. Ultrastructural and physiologic studies of this mechanism have shown that the binding and uptake of IgG exhibits saturation kinetics and stereochemical specificity consistent with it being a receptor-mediated process. We report here the isolation and purification of a protein from membranes of neonatal rat enterocytes that binds immunoglobulins. The basis of our purification procedure is the extraction of this IgG-binding protein from isolated membranes in the absence of detergents and its biospecific elution from an IgG affinity column. This purified protein consists of two similar polypeptides of 52,000 and 48,000 Mr. The interaction of this purified protein with immunoglobulin is isotype dependent, with specificity for IgG and its Fc fragment, and pH dependent, with optimal binding at the intraluminal pH of 6.0. This intestinal IgG-binding protein is found in enterocytes of the proximal intestine during the early postnatal period, but is absent after weaning when transport of IgG ceases. Our results suggest that this purified intestinal IgG-binding protein functions in the transepithelial transport of IgG in rat neonates.
Identification of recurrent idiotypes within the unrestricted anti-fluorescein immune response.
Authors: Reinitz D M , Voss E W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The BALB/cV immune response to fluorescein (F1) was analyzed for expression of serologically defined idiotypes (Id) present on two anti-F1 hybridoma proteins, 3-13 and 3-17. After a I degree, II degree, or III degree immunization with F1-KLH, Id 3-13 and 3-17 were expressed in 15 of 28 and 22 of 28 mice, respectively. Solid-phase Id inhibition assays, performed by using pooled or individual anti-F1 antibody, indicated Id 3-13 and 3-17 represented less than 1.0% of the I degree, II degree, or III degree serum anti-F1 repertoire. Hybridoma proteins 3-13 and 3-17 had similar but distinct active sites as indicated by similar patterns of Id inhibition, fine specificity of binding, and affinity for F1. Analyses of 11 anti-F1-AECM-Ficoll hybridoma proteins (predominantly mu, lambda) indicated 4 of 11 clones were weakly cross-reactive with 3-13 and 3-17. Anti-F1-KLH II degree antibody from mice of various Igh allotypes was also screened and indicated these Id were expressed in each strain but at lower levels than in BALB/cV mice and were not strictly allotype associated. Id 3-13 and 3-17 represent the first demonstration of repertoire-specific recurrent Id expressed during a T-dependent immune response lacking a dominant Id.
Base specificity and idiotypy of anti-DNA autoantibodies reactive with synthetic nucleic acids.
Authors: Ballard D W , Voss E W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Synthetic nucleic acid reactivities and the distribution of idiotypes associated with poly(dA) and poly(dT) specificities were evaluated among both monoclonal and polyclonal anti-DNA antibodies from autoimmune New Zealand mice. Ten monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies (IgG2a or IgG2b), derived from NZB/NZW mice and reactive with natural DNA (duplex and/or heat-denatured), were found to collectively exhibit a diverse binding pattern with six deoxyribohomopolymers. Several monoclonal antibodies displayed reactivity with poly(dT) comparable to that with natural DNA. Serologic studies indicated that polyclonal anti-DNA autoantibodies from NZW/NZW mice and both parental strains also cross-reacted with various homopolymers and bound preferentially with those containing pyrimidines, particularly poly(dT), relative to purines. Detailed binding analyses with two poly(dT)-reactive monoclonal antibodies demonstrated that stable DNA/anti-DNA complexes were formed with synthetic oligomers containing six to 10 nucleotides; binding to such antigens was relatively insensitive to ionic strength and inversely dependent on temperature. Both antibodies exhibited preferential binding (greater than or equal to 10-fold) with poly(dT) relative to poly(dU), suggesting the importance of the C5-methyl group and/or helical conformation in pyrimidine base recognition. Idiotypes on poly(dA)-specific and poly(dT)-specific monoclonal antibodies were found to be reciprocally distinct, localized at or near active site residues, and expressed at low levels (less than 10 to 130 ng/ml) in anti-DNA sera from all three New Zealand strains. These findings suggest that: nucleotide base determinants are significantly involved in DNA/anti-DNA interactions; poly(dT) represents a major cross-reactive synthetic antigen; and idiotype expression among lupus autoantibodies which recognize such determinants may be diverse.
Activation of the C3b receptor: effect of diacylglycerols and calcium mobilization.
Authors: O'Shea J J , Siwik S A , Gaither T A , Frank M M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The plasma membrane expression and the phagocytic function of the C3b receptor (CR1) on human neutrophils (PMN) are under the control of cellular regulatory mechanisms, and phorbol esters are one class of agents that modulate both membrane expression and function. Phorbol esters also activate protein kinase C; however, the physiologic activation of protein kinase C is thought to be mediated by diacylglycerol. Diacylglycerols are generated during phosphatidyl inositol turnover, which is associated with a rise in intracellular calcium due to another product of polyphosphoinositide metabolism, inositol trisphosphate. We therefore studied the effects of synthetic diacylglycerols and calcium mobilization on CR1 function. In our experiments, treatment of neutrophils with two synthetic diacylglycerols, 1-oleoyl-2-acetoyl-sn-3-glycerol (OAG) and sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol, like phorbol esters, induced ligand-independent internalization of CR1. In contrast, the addition of exogenous phospholipase C had no effect on receptor internalization over the time course studied. OAG treatment also enabled neutrophils to specifically phagocytose via CR1. Calcium mobilization with the calcium ionophore A23187 (1 microM) had a synergistic effect on phorbol ester-induced internalization of CR1, but abrogated the phorbol ester enhancement of CR1-dependent phagocytosis. Both trimethoxybenzoate, the intracellular calcium antagonist, and chlorpromazine inhibited phorbol ester-induced internalization of CR1, whereas chelation of extracellular calcium did not. We conclude that activation of protein kinase C modulates the expression and function of CR1, and that calcium mobilization also influences these processes. We speculate that polyphosphoinositide turnover may be involved in the physiologic regulation of CR1.
Effects of differentiation in vivo and of lymphokine treatment in vitro on the mobility of C3 receptors of human and mouse mononuclear phagocytes.
Authors: Griffin F M , Mullinax P J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The C3 receptors of human peripheral blood monocytes are able to move laterally within the plasma membranes of the cells and remain mobile even when the cells develop into "macrophages" in vitro. In contrast, the C3 receptors of mouse peritoneal macrophages are immobile. To determine whether these differences are species differences or differences between cells of different stages of differentiation, we assessed the mobility of C3 receptors of mouse peripheral blood monocytes and of human pulmonary alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. The C3 receptors of mouse monocytes were mobile, whereas the C3 receptors of human tissue macrophages were immobile. The C3 receptors of macrophages mediate avid particle binding but do not normally promote ingestion. We have described a unique lymphokine that activates mouse peritoneal macrophage C3 receptors for phagocytosis by freeing them from their plasma membrane anchors. In the present experiments, we found that the lymphokine also freed the C3 receptors of human macrophages and activated them for phagocytosis. We conclude that the immobilization of C3 receptors appears to be a marker for the differentiation of human and mouse mononuclear phagocytes, that the differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes is influenced by the milieu in which the cells develop, that in vitro-differentiated macrophages may not accurately represent tissue macrophages, and that a lymphokine activates the C3 receptors of both human and mouse macrophages for phagocytosis by allowing the receptors lateral mobility within the cell plasma membrane.
Action of novel eicosanoids lipoxin A and B on human natural killer cell cytotoxicity: effects on intracellular cAMP and target cell binding.
Authors: Ramstedt U , Ng J , Wigzell H , Serhan C N , Samuelsson B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lipoxin A (5,6,15L-trihydroxy-7,9,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid) and lipoxin B (5D,14,15-trihydroxy-6,8,10,12-eicosatetraenoic acid), two newly isolated compounds derived from the oxygenation of arachidonic acid in human leukocytes, inhibit the cytotoxic activity of human natural killer (NK) cells. Dose-response studies showed that both lipoxin A and lipoxin B inhibit, at submicromolar concentrations (ID50 10(-7) M), NK cell activity assayed against K562 target cells. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) also inhibited cytotoxicity, whereas both 15-HETE (5(S)-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid) and leukotriene B4 (synthetic and biologically derived) were ineffective. PGE2 stimulated a time- and dose-dependent increase in intracellular cAMP, which was accompanied by a decrease in NK target cell binding. Lipoxin A and lipoxin B did not elevate intracellular cAMP, nor did they inhibit target cell binding. Together these findings suggest that lipoxin A and lipoxin B abrogate NK cell cytotoxicity at a step distal to target effector cell recognition. In contrast, PGE2 appears to exert its effect, at least in part, on cytotoxicity indirectly by decreasing the binding between target and effector cells (in vitro). Moreover, they suggest that novel oxygenated derivatives of arachidonic acid (i.e., lipoxin A, lipoxin B) may regulate the activities of NK cells.
Induction of germ-line anti-alpha 1-3 dextran antibody responses in mice by members of the Enterobacteriaceae family.
Authors: Kearney J F , McCarthy M T , Stohrer R , Benjamin W H , Briles D E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A large panel of enteric organisms was screened for agglutination with a panel of lambda monoclonal antibodies of different heavy chain isotypes specific for alpha 1-3 dextran (DEX). Two strains were initially isolated that were bound by most of the anti-DEX antibodies. One organism, Enterobacter cloacae strain MK7, which was characterized in detail, induced a typical lambda anti-DEX response in Igh-Ca mice that had a fine idiotope profile comparable with that induced by purified B1355S dextran containing alpha 1-3 glucosidic linkages (alpha 1-3-DEX). The determinant on the bacterial surface was shown by binding inhibition with nigerotriose to contain alpha 1-3 linkages. Hyperimmunization with these organisms of normal, athymic (nu/nu), or germ-free mice induced large amounts of IgM antibodies but very little IgG. This is the first description of an organism isolated from the normal gut flora of mice that can be shown directly to be bound by alpha 1-3-DEX antibodies and to induce the typical germ-line response of the DEX family of antibodies.
Relationship between immune system and gram-negative bacteria. IV. T lymphocytes from Lpsd mice possess binding site(s) for Rb Salmonella.
Authors: Jirillo E , Antonaci S , Kiyono H , Michalek S M , McGhee J R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have previously shown that Salmonella minnesota R345 (Rb) spontaneously binds to 50 to 55% of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In the present study, we have compared Rb cytoadherence to lymphoid cells from various tissues of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) hyporesponsive (Lpsd) and LPS responsive (Lpsn) mouse strains. A higher number of spleen cells from Lpsd mice (C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScN) bound Rb bacteria (22 to 30%) than cells from Lpsn mice (4 to 9%). Rb bound mainly to T cells, and cytoadherence occurred in both Lyt-1+ and Lyt-2+ T cell subsets. By contrast, purified splenic B cells from Lpsd and Lpsn mice gave less than 4% Rb cytoadherence. In both mouse strains, cytoadherence was mediated by the homologous LPS structure, because purified Rb-LPS blocked Rb Salmonella binding to T cells. On the other hand, smooth Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 LPS (S-LPS) and Salmonella R595 (Re) LPS (Re-LPS), which contain mainly lipid A, were without effect on Rb binding. Increased Rb binding was seen with T cells from Peyer's patches (PP), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), and peripheral blood than from spleen of C3H/HeN (Lpsn) mice; however, greater cytoadherence was always seen with T cells of these tissues from C3H/HeJ mice. Interestingly, treatment of whole spleen or purified T cells from C3H/HeN mice with neuraminidase enhanced cytoadherence to levels seen with C3H/HeJ cells. The observed Rb binding to PP, MLN, and PBMC cells in both mouse strains suggests that gut microbial environment may play an important role in Rb cytoadherence. This is also supported by the evidence that when spleen cells of germfree and conventional mice were tested for Rb binding, higher cytoadherence was observed in conventional mice only. Taken together, these results indicate that T cells of Lpsd mice express binding site(s) for Salmonella, whereas Lpsn mice have T cells with these structure(s) in a cryptic configuration.
Stable expression of cytolytic activity by influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Authors: Andrew M E , Braciale V L , Henkel T J , Hatch J A , Braciale T J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Influenza-specific immune cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) populations maintain a constant level of in vitro cytolytic activity. This is demonstrable with both heterogeneous populations of anti-viral CTL from immune donors and long-term CTL clones derived from primed CTL precursors. Cytolytic machinery is stably expressed by these CTL populations under a variety of in vitro cultivation conditions. This finding is in contrast to results with alloreactive CTL generated by stimulation of primed CTL precursors that lose cytolytic activity on a per cell basis with time after stimulation. The results indicate that virus-specific, cloned CTL that stably express cytolytic activity are representative of the heterogeneous populations from which they are derived and further suggest a qualitative difference in the regulation and expression of cytolytic machinery between heterogeneous populations of influenza-specific CTL and alloreactive CTL.
Characterization of SJL T cell clones responsive to syngeneic lymphoma (RCS): RCS-specific clones are stimulated by activated B cells.
Authors: DeKruyff R H , Brown P H , Thorbecke G J , Ponzio N M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To gain insight into the nature of the syngeneic T cell-stimulating molecules on SJL lymphoma cells (RCS), a panel of eight Ly-1+2- T cell clones that are specific for transplantable RCS has been generated. All of these clones proliferate vigorously in response to two independent RCS lines and to LPS-activated syngeneic or F1 B cell blasts, but not to unstimulated SJL spleen cells or to allogeneic B cell blasts. Only one RCS-specific clone displays a proliferative response to (SJL X BALB/c) resting spleen cells, suggesting that I-E molecules are not the source of stimulation of RCS-responsive cells. Responses of the T cell clones to both RCS and syngeneic LPS-activated B cells are inhibited by monoclonal antibodies to I-A antigens, and not by antibody to I-E antigens. These findings suggest that RCS-responsive T cells are stimulated either by syngeneic I-As alone, in a form expressed on activated B cells, or by I-As in combination with X, where X is a cell surface antigen present on B cells at certain stages of differentiation.
Alloantigen-activated lymphocytes from mice bearing a spontaneous "nonimmunogenic" adenocarcinoma inhibit its growth in vivo by recruiting host immunoreactivity.
Authors: Giovarelli M , Santoni A , Forni G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Nylon wool columns eluting lymphocytes from the spleen of mice bearing a clinically evident spontaneous, nonimmunogenic adenocarcinoma of recent origin (TS/A) do not display cytotoxic response, release of lymphokines, and proliferation in vitro against TS/A cells, nor do they inhibit TS/A tumor growth in a Winn-type neutralization assay in vivo. After 5-day co-culture with allogeneic spleen cells from mice differing at multiple minor histocompatibility antigens only, these lymphocytes are still noncytolytic against TS/A cells, whereas they release interferon-gamma, mediate delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions, and inhibit TS/A tumor growth in the Winn assay. In the Winn test, alloactivated lymphocytes from TS/A tumor-bearing mice are more effective than those from normal mice on a per cell basis. The induction of this TS/A tumor inhibition ability depends on the presence in the cultures of Thy-1+ lymphocytes. The presence of Lyt-2+ lymphocytes is also important, whereas that of asialo GM1+ is not. The TS/A inhibition in vivo by alloactivated lymphocytes mostly depends on Thy-1+, Lyt-2- and asialo GM- lymphocytes, even though a few Thy- cells are also very efficient tumor inhibitors. The alloactivated lymphocytes inhibit TS/A tumor growth by recruiting the radiosensitive effector mechanisms of the recipient mice required for ultimate tumor rejection. TS/A tumor rejection leaves a specific DTH and an immunologic memory resulting in rejection of a second lethal TS/A challenge in a significant number of mice.
T cell activation: differences in the signals required for IL 2 production by nonactivated and activated T cells.
Authors: Manger B , Weiss A , Weyand C , Goronzy J , Stobo J D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Soluble antibodies against the T3/antigen receptor complex alone are not sufficient to induce proliferation and interleukin 2 expression by T lymphocytes. An additional requirement is the presence of accessory cells (AC). In this model, AC provide at least two functions required for T cell activation: 1) the surface interaction of T3 antibodies with Fc receptors on the AC surface and 2) the production of soluble mediators such as interleukin 1 (IL 1). In the experiments reported here, these stimuli are represented by T3 antibodies immobilized onto Sepharose beads and by recombinant IL 1. In this study we investigated differences in activation requirements in resting and activated T cells. Resting T cells were represented by AC-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or the T cell line Jurkat, which phenotypically resembles a resting T cell. Activated T cells were represented by T cell clones and the T cell line HUT 78, which express the activation molecules Ia and the IL 2 receptor (Tac). In resting cells, activation required the presence of three different signals: perturbation of the T3/antigen receptor complex by T3 antibodies, surface redistribution of T3/antigen receptor complexes, and presence of IL 1. In contrast, activated T cells require only perturbation and redistribution of T3/antigen receptor complexes and not IL 1 for the induction of proliferation or IL 2 production. Possible mechanisms of intracellular signaling for these stimuli are discussed.
Expression of H-2I region-restricted cytolytic activity by an Lyt-2+ influenza virus-specific T lymphocyte clone.
Authors: Morrison L A , Braciale V L , Braciale T J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The expression of Lyt-2 on T lymphocytes has been postulated to correlate closely with restriction by, or alloreactivity to, class I MHC gene products, whereas I region-restricted or alloreactive populations appear to be associated with Lyt-1 and L3T4 expression. However, exceptions to this axiom among alloreactive T cells have been shown to exist. In this report we describe a clonal population of influenza virus-specific T lymphocytes that bears the Lyt-2+, L3T4- phenotype. Notably, this clone is restricted in influenza virus recognition by class II MHC molecules and is cytolytic for virus-infected target cells expressing the appropriate class II molecules. Antibody directed to the Lyt-2 molecule does not inhibit cytolysis.
B lymphocyte regulation of human hematopoiesis.
Authors: Uckun F M , Vallera D A , Wee S L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines (BLCL) were derived from seven different individuals. The ability of BLCL supernatants to stimulate hematopoietic colony formation in vitro was tested in a conventional stem cell assay system. Supernatants promoted the growth of single (GM, E, MK) as well as multi-lineage (GEMM) colonies in bone marrow cultures. Our results indicate that EBV-transformed B lymphocytes produce cytokines that affect in vitro stem cell proliferation and differentiation. These studies demonstrate the regulatory potential of activated B lymphocytes in human hematopoiesis.