bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seed Development and Maturation
Authors: Sripathy K. V. , Groot Steven P. C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn plants, a fascinating set of post-fertilization events result in the development of a dispersal unit known as a seed. During the maturation phase, seeds accumulate storage reserves and acquire desiccation tolerance, followed by an increase in seed vigour during maturation drying. Physiological (or mass) maturity may be attributed to the stage of seed maturation when maximum seed dry matter accumulation has occurred, marking the end of the seed-filling phase. The stage of maturity at harvest is one of the most important factors that can influence the quality of seeds. Recent studies established that seed vigour and longevity continue to increase even after physiological maturity, signifying the importance of the late maturation phase for maximizing seed quality. Among the plant hormones, abscisic acid (ABA) has been studied extensively for its role during seed development and maturation. Apart from ABA, gibberellic acid (GA), cytokinin and auxin also play a critical role during the development of seeds. Desiccation tolerance in seeds begins much before the attainment of physiological maturity. Acquisition of desiccation tolerance is associated with embryo accumulation of oligosaccharides of the raffinose family, low molecular weight antioxidants, late embryogenesis abundant proteins and heat shock proteins coupled with structural changes at the cellular level. To obtain seeds of maximum quality (in terms of germination, vigour and longevity), harvesting needs to be performed at or slightly after harvest maturity a period at which seed moisture content stabilizes with environmental factors. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to present the current understanding of seed development and maturation concentrating on various aspects viz. phases of seed development, the role of plant hormones, other factors affecting seed development, concepts of seed maturity, and its relevance to seed quality, maturity indices in crop plants and acquisition of desiccation tolerance in seeds.
Asymptotic analysis of domain decomposition for optimal transport
Authors: Bonafini Mauro , Medina Ismael , Schmitzer Bernhard 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLarge optimal transport problems can be approached via domain decomposition, i.e. by iteratively solving small partial problems independently and in parallel. Convergence to the global minimizers under suitable assumptions has been shown in the unregularized and entropy regularized setting and its computational efficiency has been demonstrated experimentally. An accurate theoretical understanding of its convergence speed in geometric settings is still lacking. In this article we work towards such an understanding by deriving, via$$\varGamma $$Γ-convergence, an asymptotic description of the algorithm in the limit of infinitely fine partition cells. The limit trajectory of couplings is described by a continuity equation on the product space where the momentum is purely horizontal and driven by the gradient of the cost function. Global optimality of the limit trajectories remains an interesting open problem, even when global optimality is established at finite scales. Our result provides insights about the efficiency of the domain decomposition algorithm at finite resolutions and in combination with coarse-to-fine schemes.
Cold-water coral framework architecture is selectively shaped by bottom current flow
Authors: Sanna Giovanni , Büscher Janina V. , Freiwald André 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe three-dimensional (3D) structure of habitat-forming corals has profound impacts on reef ecosystem processes. Elucidating coral structural responses to the environment is therefore crucial to understand changes in these ecosystems. However, little is known of how environmental factors shape coral structure in deep and dark waters, where cold-water coral (CWC) reefs thrive. Here, we attempt to infer the influence of current flow on CWC framework architecture, using 3D scanning to quantify colony shape traits (volume compactness and surface complexity) in the reef-building CWCDesmophyllum pertusumfrom adjacent fjord and offshore habitats with contrasting flow regimes. We find substantial architectural variability both between and within habitats. We show that corals are generally more compact in the fjord habitat, reflecting the prevailing higher current speeds, although differences in volume compactness between fjord and offshore corals are more subtle when comparing the fjord with the more exposed side of the offshore setting, probably due to locally intensified currents. Conversely, we observe no clear disparity in coral surface complexity between habitats (despite its positive correlation with volume compactness), suggesting it is not affected by current speed. Unlike volume compactness, surface complexity is similarly variable within a single colony as it is between colonies within the same habitat or between habitats and is therefore perhaps more dependent than volume compactness on microenvironmental conditions. These findings suggest a highly plastic, trait-specific and functionally relevant structural response of CWCs to current flow and underscore the importance of multiple concurrent sources of hydrodynamic forcing on CWC growth.
Prospective cohort study on mesh shrinkage measured with MRI after robot-assisted minimal invasive retrorectus ventral hernia repair using an iron-oxide-loaded polyvinylidene fluoride mesh
Authors: Vierstraete Maaike , Beckers Roel , Vangeel Lorenz , Foriers Brend , Pletinckx Pieter , Muysoms Filip 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Mesh-reinforced ventral hernia repair is considered the gold standard treatment for all but the smallest of hernias. Human data on mesh shrinkage in the retrorectus mesh position is lacking. A prospective observational cohort study was performed to measure mesh shrinkage in robot-assisted minimal invasive retrorectus repair of ventral hernias.

Methods
A cohort of 20 patients underwent a robot-assisted minimal invasive retrorectus repair of their ventral hernia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging was performed one month and thirteen months after implantation of an iron-oxide-impregnated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) mesh to assess the decrease in mesh surface area. Inter-rater reliability among three radiologists regarding measurement of the mesh dimensions was analyzed. Quality of Life scoring was evaluated.

Results
The inter-rater reliability between the radiologists reported as the intra-class correlations proved to be excellent for mesh width (ICC 0.95), length (ICC 0.98) and surface area (ICC 0.99). Between MRI measurements at one month and thirteen months postoperatively, there was a significant increase in mesh surface area (+ 12.0 cm2, p = 0.0013) and mesh width (+ 0.8 cm, p < 0.001), while the length of the mesh remained unchanged (−0.1 cm, p = 0.754). Quality of Life Scoring showed a significant improvement in Quality of Life after one month and a further improvement at thirteen months (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
There was an excellent inter-rater reliability between three radiologists when measuring width, length, and surface area of an iron-oxide-impregnated PVDF mesh using MRI visualization. Mesh shrinkage was not observed, instead the effective mesh surface area and width of the mesh increased.
A computational model for the transit of a cancer cell through a constricted microchannel
Authors: Wang Z. , Lu R. , Wang W. , Tian F. B. , Feng J. J. , Sui Y. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe propose a three-dimensional computational model to simulate the transient deformation of suspended cancer cells flowing through a constricted microchannel. We model the cell as a liquid droplet enclosed by a viscoelastic membrane, and its nucleus as a smaller stiffer capsule. The cell deformation and its interaction with the suspending fluid are solved through a well-tested immersed boundary lattice Boltzmann method. To identify a minimal mechanical model that can quantitatively predict the transient cell deformation in a constricted channel, we conduct extensive parametric studies of the effects of the rheology of the cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus and compare the results with a recent experiment conducted on human leukaemia cells. We find that excellent agreement with the experiment can be achieved by employing a viscoelastic cell membrane model with the membrane viscosity depending on its mode of deformation (shear versus elongation). The cell nucleus limits the overall deformation of the whole cell, and its effect increases with the nucleus size. The present computational model may be used to guide the design of microfluidic devices to sort cancer cells, or to inversely infer cell mechanical properties from their flow-induced deformation.
Reconfigurable chessboard coding plasma-based dielectric resonator structure for RCS reduction
Authors: Malhat Hend Abd El-Azem , Zainud-Deen Anas Saber , Badawy Mona Magdy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, reconfigurable chessboard coding plasma-based dielectric resonator structure for radar cross section reduction is investigated. The radar cross section (RCS) reduction is essential in military applications. The metallic conductor surface is covered with plasma-based dielectric resonator (DRA) unit-cells arranged in chessboard configuration. The plasma DRA unit-cell consists of concentric cylindrical ring filled with ionized plasma placed over FR4 dielectric substrate. The plasma ionization voltage values are tuned to reflect the electromagnetic wave with phase shift of 180° and equal amplitudes. The phase 0° state represents the logic “0” while the phase 180° state represents the logic “1”. The chessboard arrangement consists of super-cells with 0/1 logic states. Different sizes of uniform super-cells 3 × 3, 4 × 4, 6 × 6, and 12 × 12 unit-cells are investigated for maximum RCS reduction. The scattered beams are directed to (± 30°, 180° ± 30°), (± 25°, 180° ± 25°), (± 20°, 180° ± 20°), (± 15°, 180° ± 15°) and (± 10°, 180° ± 10°) for 3 × 3, 4 × 4, 6 × 6, 8 × 8, and 12 × 12 uniform super-cells, respectively. The RCS is reduced over a wide angle range reduction with − 18 dBm2 at the broadside direction and below − 32 dBm2 over the angular range from − 90° to 90° according to the super-cell size. The non-uniform allocation of unit-cells in the super-cell chessboard arrangement is investigated. The RCS reduction bandwidth extended from 8.5 to 9.65 GHz. The scattered beam produces null in the broadside direction with wideband RCS reduction. The proposed structures are simulated using CST-MWS electromagnetic simulator.
A Twisted Version of Controlled K-theory
Authors: Hartmann Elisa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThere are a number of (co-)homology theories on coarse spaces. Controlled operator K-theory is by far the most popular one of them. Our approach is geometric. We study when does the Roe-algebra of a space restrict to a subspace. Then we show the Roe-algebra is a cosheaf on the coarse topology. A result is a Mayer–Vietoris exact sequence in the presence of a coarse cover. We compute examples as an application.
Dismissed Psychiatry Residents Who Appeal: Exploring Unprofessional Behavior
Authors: Godschalx Judith , van Mook Walther 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective
Dutch psychiatry residents who are dismissed from their training program have the opportunity to appeal the decision. Those appeals are publicly available. This report explores the appeals of residents dismissed for unprofessional behavior.

Methods
The authors analyzed caselaw of dismissed psychiatry residents brought before the conciliation board of The Royal Dutch Medical Association and compared them to a control group of caselaw of dismissed family medicine residents.

Results
From 2011 to 2020, 19 psychiatry residents were dismissed for failing to meet the competencies of the CanMEDS professional domain and matched with 19 family medicine residents. Most psychiatry residents deficient in professionalism were considered deficient in their attitude, in reliability of keeping agreements, or in their ability to profit from supervisors’ feedback. Insufficient professional behavior overlapped with insufficient communication, collaboration, and management. Half of the psychiatry residents with deficits in professionalism went on sick leave at some time. Between residents in psychiatry and family medicine, or between psychiatry residents with and without a favorable conciliation board decision, no statistical differences were found regarding gender, year of residency, and number of insufficient competencies.

Conclusions
The deficiencies in the professionalism of residents who challenged their program director’s decision to be dismissed mostly consisted of inadequate attitude or the inability to profit from feedback, suggesting that these residents lack empathy, introspection, or both.
Introduction to magnetic refrigeration: magnetocaloric materials
Authors: Mellari Souheila 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis work presents a review of research work on the magnetic refrigerator, of which different research is presented. The principle of magnetic refrigeration at room temperature and its interests has been shown. The phase transitions, first-order and second-order, have been shown with the advantages and disadvantages of both. Indeed, the first-order materials benefit from high magnetic entropy and adiabatic temperature change. Their negative point consists in their great magnetic hysteresis. It is quite the opposite for second-order phase transition materials. An overview of existing materials and characterization of magnetocaloric effect have been explained.
Making Sense of Mass Education
Authors: Tait Gordon , Spina Nerida , Gillett-Swan Jenna , O'Brien Peter 
Published: February 2023

Making Sense of Mass Education provides a contemporary analysis of the ideas and issues that have traditionally dominated education research, challenging outdated preconceptions with fundamental theory and discussion. It takes a demythologising approach in assessing these issues and their relevance to schooling and education in Australia. This text examines the cultural context of education and the influence of external media and new technologies, and highlights the many forms of discrimination in education, including social class, race and gender. It looks at alternative approaches to education, including the repercussions of gathering data to measure school performance, and considers the intersection of ethics and philosophy in classroom teaching. The fourth edition expands on these issues with three new chapters: on sexuality, children's rights, and neoliberalism and the marketisation of education. Each chapter challenges and breaks down common myths surrounding these topics, encouraging pre-service teachers to think critically and reflect on their own beliefs.
Role of Backbone Fault System on Earthquake Spawning and Geohazards in the Seoul Metropolitan Area
Authors: Park Seongjun , Hong Tae‐Kyung , Kim Byeongwoo , Lee Junhyung 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMajor earthquakes in continental regions may cause significant damage. Preexisting fault system across megacity receives high attention for possible seismic damages. Earthquake occurrence mechanism is important to assess the geohazard potentials. Continental‐scale Quaternary fault system is developed across the Seoul metropolitan area where the population is the largest in the Korean Peninsula. Historical seismic‐damage records suggest potential seismic hazards in the Seoul metropolitan area. We investigate the fault motions and spatial distribution of earthquakes in the Seoul metropolitan area using a matched‐filter technique that is based on stacked waveform crosscorrelation functions among densely‐deployed seismic stations. The analysis detects 1103 earthquakes that include 360 events with magnitudes (ML) of −0.6 to 2.0 around the Chugaryeong fault and 34 events with magnitudes of −0.5 to 2.7 around Wangsukcheon, Pocheon, and Yeseonggang faults. The seismicity suggests a set of near‐vertical subparallel (or orthogonal) faults that develop from the major faults. A major fault system behaves as a backbone structure that makes branch faults develop, producing seismicity including major earthquakes. The backbone structure may control the fault development that conforms to the ambient stress field. The backbone faults may play a role to increase geohazard potentials.
An Integrated Nonlinear Analysis (INA) Software for Space Plasma Turbulence
Authors: Munteanu Costel , Kovács Péter , Echim Marius 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe built an integrated nonlinear analysis software (INA)‐designed to study space plasma turbulence and intermittency. The MATLAB programming environment was used for the algorithmic development and implementation of methods for spectral analysis, multiscale fluctuations and multifractal analysis. The performance of INA is demonstrated using magnetic field measurements during an inbound pass through the Earth's magnetosheath region of the Cluster 3 spacecraft. We show how specific features of the power spectral density can be mapped to localized time‐frequency regions in the spectrogram representation, and identify multiple intermittent events using the wavelet‐based local intermittency measure. Multiscale probability density functions showed clear departures from Gaussianity, signifying the presence of intermittency. Structure functions and rank‐ordered multifractal analysis revealed the multifractal nature of the analyzed signal. INA is freely distributed as a standalone executable file to any interested user, and provides an integrated, interactive, and user‐friendly environment in which one can import a data set, customize key analysis parameters, apply multiple methods on the same signal and then export high‐quality, publication‐ready figures. These are only a few of the many distinguishing features of INA.
Divergent Urban Signatures in Rainfall Anomalies Explained by Pre‐Storm Environment Contrast
Authors: Shen Ye , Yang Long 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDiverse urban‐induced rainfall anomalies across different cities highlight the need for additional insights into land‐atmosphere interactions over complex urban environments. Based on empirical analyses of 144 warm‐season storms and high‐resolution numerical simulations over Nanjing, China, we show divergent patterns of urban‐induced rainfall anomalies for storms with contrasting synoptic conditions, despite of rainfall enhancement over downtown from a climatological perspective. We propose two simple gage‐based metrics to characterize both the thermal and turbulent conditions in pre‐storm environment, and classify storms into different groups. Our results show that elevated rainfall magnitudes and heavy rainfall frequency are equally expected in either downtown or suburb regions (upwind or downwind). This is mainly dictated by the relative dominance of urban‐induced thermal perturbations and mechanical turbulence (i.e., related to surface roughness) under different synoptic conditions. We develop four paradigms of urban rainfall modification, and thus provide a predictive understanding of rainfall anomalies in urban environments.
Constraining Fault Damage Zone Properties From Geodesy: A Case Study Near the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Xu Xiaohua , Liu Dunyu , Lavier Luc 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSeismologic studies have reported seismic velocities reduction and Vp/Vs ratio changes over damage zones associated with seismogenic faults. The structure and elastic properties of these damage zones indicate the maturity of faults and affect the rupture dynamics of future seismic events. Therefore, they contain critical information about fault properties that could inform seismic hazards. Here we present a geodetic modeling approach to constrain velocity changes and elastic properties of fault damage zones under stress perturbation from nearby earthquakes. Compared to seismic tomographic analysis that is usually limited by resolution, this geodetic approach provides tighter constraints on the elastic properties and geometry of the damage zone at shallow depths. Our results imply that a major component of the shallow strain release is distributed and inelastic. The existence of numerous shallow faults either may indicate a locally detached shallow layer or they are remnants from earlier fault evolution.
Variations of Carbonyl Sulfide During the Dry/Wet Seasons Over the Amazon
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Jiang Xun , Li King‐Fai , Liang Mao‐Chang , Kuai Le , Tan Lin , Yung Yuk L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMid‐tropospheric Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) retrievals from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) are utilized to study OCS distributions during the dry/wet seasons over the Amazon rainforest. TES OCS retrievals reveal positive OCS anomalies (∼16 ppt) over the central and southern parts of the Amazon during August–October (dry season) compared to January–March (wet season). There is less OCS taken up by vegetation and soil and more OCS released from biomass burning during the dry season, which causes an increase in OCS concentrations. Strong sinking air during the dry season also helps to trap OCS and this contributes to positive OCS anomalies. MOZART‐4 model captures positive OCS anomalies over the central and southern regions of the Amazon and negative OCS anomalies over the northern part of the Amazon, which are similar to those from TES mid‐tropospheric OCS retrievals. Our studies can help us better understand OCS variations and photosynthetic activities.
Influence of Synoptic‐Scale Waves on the Interdecadal Change in Tropical Cyclone Activity Over the Western North Pacific in the Early 2010s
Authors: Huangfu Jingliang , Tang Yulian , He Zhuoqi , Huang Gang , Chen Wen , Huang Ronghui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the interdecadal change in tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the western North Pacific (WNP) in the early 2010s. At the western boundary of the WNP, the interdecadal change in TC activity exhibited a meridional tripole pattern. In contrast to the reduced activity over the northern South China Sea (SCS) and Taiwan, TC activity increased over the southern SCS and to the north of Shanghai after the early 2010s. Herein, we focused on the northern WNP. Over the last decade, frequent TC occurrences have affected East China, Korea and Japan. In this work, we examined the influence of synoptic‐scale waves (SSWs) on the interdecadal change in TC activity. During the 2011–2021 period, SSWs tended to propagate northward, resulting in more TC tracks affecting the northern WNP and surrounding countries. In contrast, the westward‐propagating SSWs before the early 2010s were more likely to favor westward‐moving TCs.
Out of Sight Out of Mind: Household Perceptions of “Fair” Water Prices in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Fuente David , Mulwa Richard , Cook Joseph 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProviding piped water and sewer services is extremely capital intensive, yet most of this infrastructure is buried, hidden from citizens and ratepayers. Roman emperors built elaborate public fountains to increase the salience of massive infrastructure investments to the public, yet modern households give scarce thought to the water network that serves them. At the same time, tariffs are often too low to recover operations and maintenance costs, let alone capital replacement and system expansion. We use a field experiment to investigate whether providing 353 households in Nairobi, Kenya with information about the water infrastructure that serves them changes their perceptions of water and sewer bills. Compared to a control group, we find that providing households verbal and visual information (in person) about the capital intensity of water service delivery in Nairobi increased their perceptions of “fair” water bills by 15%–24% above the control mean of 404 KSH/mo.