bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Triggers for Intervention
Authors: Abdulazim Amr , Heilig Marina , Rinkel Gabriel , Etminan Nima 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a major determinant for poor neurological outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Detection and treatment of DCI is a key component in the neurocritical care of patients with aSAH after initial aneurysm repair.

Methods
Narrative review of the literature.

Results
Over the past 2 decades, there has been a paradigm shift away from macrovascular (angiographic) vasospasm as a main diagnostic and therapeutic target. Instead, the pathophysiology of DCI is hypothesized to derive from several proischemic pathomechanisms. Clinical examination remains the most reliable means for monitoring and treatment of DCI, but its value is limited in comatose patients. In such patients, monitoring of DCI is usually based on numerous neurophysiological and/or radiological diagnostic modalities. Catheter angiography remains the gold standard for the detection of macrovascular spasm. Computed tomography (CT) angiography is increasingly used instead of catheter angiography because it is less invasive and may be combined with CT perfusion imaging. CT perfusion permits semiquantitative cerebral blood flow measurements, including the evaluation of the microcirculation. It may be used for prediction, early detection, and diagnosis of DCI, with yet-to-prove benefit on clinical outcome when used as a screening modality. Transcranial Doppler may be considered as an additional noninvasive screening tool for flow velocities in the middle cerebral artery, with limited accuracy in other cerebral arteries. Continuous electroencephalography enables detection of early signs of ischemia at a reversible stage prior to clinical manifestation. However, its widespread use is still limited because of the required infrastructure and expertise in data interpretation. Near-infrared spectroscopy, a noninvasive and continuous modality for evaluation of cerebral blood flow dynamics, has shown conflicting results and needs further validation. Monitoring techniques beyond neurological examinations may help in the detection of DCI, especially in comatose patients. However, these techniques are limited because of their invasive nature and/or restriction of measurements to focal brain areas.

Conclusion
The current literature review underscores the need for incorporating existing modalities and developing new methods to evaluate brain perfusion, brain metabolism, and overall brain function more accurately and more globally.
The effectiveness of food system policies to improve nutrition, nutrition-related inequalities and environmental sustainability: a scoping review
Authors: Burgaz Celia , Gorasso Vanessa , Achten Wouter M. J. , Batis Carolina , Castronuovo Luciana , Diouf Adama , Asiki Gershim , Swinburn Boyd A. , Unar-Munguía Mishel , Devleesschauwer Brecht , Sacks Gary , Vandevijvere Stefanie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA global transformation of food systems is needed, given their impact on the three interconnected pandemics of undernutrition, obesity and climate change. A scoping review was conducted to synthesise the effectiveness of food system policies/interventions to improve nutrition, nutrition inequalities and environmental sustainability, and to identify double- or triple-duty potentials (their effectiveness tackling simultaneously two or all of these outcomes). When available, their effects on nutritional vulnerabilities and women’s empowerment were described. The policies/interventions studied were derived from a compilation of international recommendations. The literature search was conducted according to the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. A total of 196 reviews were included in the analysis. The triple-duty interventions identified were sustainable agriculture practices and school food programmes. Labelling, reformulation, in-store nudging interventions and fiscal measures showed double-duty potential across outcomes. Labelling also incentivises food reformulation by the industry. Some interventions (i.e., school food programmes, reformulation, fiscal measures) reduce socio-economic differences in diets, whereas labelling may be more effective among women and higher socio-economic groups. A trade-off identified was that healthy food provision interventions may increase food waste. Overall, multi-component interventions were found to be the most effective to improve nutrition and inequalities. Policies combining nutrition and environmental sustainability objectives are few and mainly of the information type (i.e., labelling). Little evidence is available on the policies/interventions’ effect on environmental sustainability and women’s empowerment. Current research fails to provide good-quality evidence on food systems policies/interventions, in particular in the food supply chains domain. Research to fill this knowledge gap is needed.
Thermal adaptation in Lepidoptera under shifting environments: mechanisms, patterns, and consequences
Authors: Mutamiswa Reyard , Mbande Abongile , Nyamukondiwa Casper , Chidawanyika Frank 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThermal adaptation is a key facet safeguarding organismal function among ectothermic organisms. In this era of rapidly changing environments, understanding the diverse mechanisms mediating organismal climate stress resistance have become a priority given contrasting effects on organisms, vis declines in keystone species and an increase in invasive pest species. Here, we review mechanisms and patterns of thermal adaptation among shifting climates, specifically focusing on Lepidoptera, an economically significant insect order owing to its importance in agriculture and conservation. Lepidoptera are highly distinct, comprising species of diverse and unique morphology, ontogenetic development, habitat types and diets. Similarly, the diversity of adaptive responses ensuring survival under diverse thermal niches is equally remarkable. We therefore outline the mechanisms underpinning the success of Lepidoptera, mainly focusing on the important families and species which have quite attracted research attention in that order. We conclude by highlighting future studies for better understanding of lepidopteran species thermal adaptation under climate change. Understanding such adaptation will assist in accurate predictions and management of pest insect species and help conservation efforts in keystone species of the order Lepidoptera.
Compassion as a Skill: A Comparison of Contemplative and Evolution-Based Approaches
Authors: Gilbert Paul , Van Gordon William 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe editors to this volume posed a series of fascinating questions relating to how seeing compassion as a skill can help us understand its nature, cultivation and effects within secular contexts. This paper addresses these questions by comparing evolutionary with contemplative approaches to compassion. Recent scientific approaches have explored the evolved roots and biopsychosocial manifestations of compassion and their impact on mental states and prosocial behaviour, particularly in regard to both its facilitators and inhibitors. In contrast, we discuss how the contemplative traditions have approached the origins and cultivation of compassion through observing the mind (e.g. meditation), with a focus on gaining insight into self-transcendent experiences, the nature of inter-connectivity and non-separate existence (also referred to as non-duality), through which compassion arises naturally. Both evolutionary and contemplative perspectives have the same focus which is to understand and prevent the causes of suffering, including the suffering we cause ourselves because of our harmful potentials. However, in terms of training the mind in compassion skills, this paper considers how training approaches linked to the evolutionary model often use thinking, empathising, reflecting and guided behaviour change to activate psychophysiological systems linked to caring and compassion. In contrast, the contemplative traditions focus less on thinking and reflecting and more on creating conditions for direct experiencing. A key reason for doing so is to settle the mind so that subtler levels of consciousness can enable the experience of self-transcendent compassion to arise. Thus, both evolutionary and contemplative approaches can focus on developing mind awareness and the importance of practise, but evolutionary approaches such as compassion focused therapy do not pursue transcendent wisdoms or insights.
Close to Curtain Time: Management of the Injured Singer in the Acute Setting (In-Office and Backstage Evaluation)
Authors: Salinas Jonathan B. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature on the management of injured singers in the acute setting. This review seeks to answer the question on how to properly evaluate and treat injured singers presenting close to curtain time.

Recent Findings
Females and younger patients are more likely to present with vocal cord nodules, while males and older patients are more likely to present with polyps. The use of short-term glucocorticoid treatment has been found to be safe in singers, having a low incidence of vocal fold hemorrhage (3.6%) and thrush (5.5%), without long-term consequences.

Summary
The management of injured singers is challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Phonotrauma is the most common etiology of acute dysphonia in singers. Although short-term glucocorticoid treatment appears to be safe without long-term consequences, the development of an optimal glucocorticoid regimen for the injured singer still needs further investigation.
A sequential neural recommendation system exploiting BERT and LSTM on social media posts
Authors: Noorian A. , Harounabadi A. , Hazratifard M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTourists share opinions about Points of Interest (POIs) through online posts and social media platforms. Opinion mining is a popular technique for extracting feedback from tourists who visited various places hidden in reviews, which are used in several tourist applications that generally reflect their preference towards POI. On the other hand, a trip schema is difficult for tourists because they must pick up sequential POIs in unknown areas that meet their limitations and preferences. However, most prior trip suggestion methods are suboptimal for several reasons, including that they do not consider valuable user reviews and rely exclusively on left-to-right unidirectional discovery sequence models. This study proposes a Neural Network-Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) POI recommendation system for calculating user similarity based on opinions and preferences. In addition, it presents a method for discovering sequential trip recommendations with Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer (BERT) using a deep learning method. Furthermore, this neural hybrid framework identifies a list of optimal trip candidates by combining personalized POIs with multifaceted context. Furthermore, this method employs the valuable information contained in user posts and their demographic information on social media to mitigate the well-known cold start issue. In the experimental evaluation based on two datasets, Tripadvisor and Yelp, this hybrid method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods when considering F-Score, nDCG, RMSE, and MAP.
Rights Are Necessary but Insufficient for the Achievement of the Full Inclusion of People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Parmenter Trevor R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Two forces which are in juxtaposition have been impacting upon the achievement of full inclusion and emancipation of people with intellectual and related developmental disabilities into society. The first is the history of the United Nations human rights declarations and conventions. While human rights initiatives have supported grassroots movements such as choice, self-determination, and person-centred supports, the second force, neoliberal philosophy, has commandeered these concepts into a culture of managerialism and individualism. Whether rights are necessary but insufficient for the achievement of the full inclusion of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities needed to be addressed.

Methods
The history of the human rights movement was explored leading up to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). The impact of countervailing forces of neoliberal policies were explored. The ongoing development of models of disability were examined, as were threats to implementation and the realisation of outcomes.

Results
The impact of neoliberal policies by member nations and the juridical nature of the CRDP were found to be limiting factors for genuine community acceptance and inclusion of people with disabilities, especially those with intellectual disabilities.

Conclusions
Member nations conforming to human rights imperatives also need to encourage the building an ethical community in which reciprocal relationships are fostered and celebrated. Individualism and the market-based economies have failed to recognise the important role communality has played in the history of the human species.
Pathways of the Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Reaction: From Ammonia Synthesis to Metal-N2 Batteries
Authors: Jesudass Sebastian Cyril , Surendran Subramani , Kim Joon Young , An Tae-Yong , Janani Gnanaprakasam , Kim Tae-Hoon , Kim Jung Kyu , Sim Uk 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAmmonia is considered as an alternative fuel resource for a sustainable green future. The production of ammonia involves the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), which has gained considerable attention due to its eco-friendly resources and nonharmful byproducts. Even with the manifold works on NRR, the technique has not reached the industrial scale because of the impediments of NRR electrocatalysts, and in addition, state-of-the-art electrocatalysts have not yet been discovered. In this review, first, the mechanism of the NRR, key metrics, and operational procedures for NRR electrochemistry are presented. Then, the electrocatalyst designs for efficient NRR are briefly introduced, followed by a discussion on the influence of the electrolytes that enhance NRR performance. The counterion effects of electrolytes on NRR performance and strategies for suppressing the HER by electrolyte additives are also discussed. Later, the NRR mechanisms are upgraded, and a comprehensive review of metal-N2 batteries is provided. This review summarizes the effective methods for performing the NRR and strategies to suppress the HER on various electrocatalysts by tuning electrolytes and their additives. The review concludes by discussing the prospects of metal-N2 batteries.
Graphical Abstract
The Complex Taxonomy of ‘Nubian’ in Context
Authors: Hallinan Emily , Marks Anthony E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe meaning of the word ‘Nubian’ in Middle Palaeolithic archaeology has changed markedly since its first published use in 1965 in the context of the Nubian rescue campaign in southern Egypt and northern Sudan. Initially referring to two types of prepared point cores, ‘Nubian’ later became attached to a widespread technocomplex in the 1990s and in more recent research describes a specific Levallois reduction strategy. In this review, we situate ‘Nubian’ in its geographic and historical contexts, exploring how its terminology and concepts emerged, developed, and are now viewed in the frame of subsequent research. Whilst the taxonomic origin of the Nubian descriptor—as a technology or technocomplex—is associated with this region of northeastern Africa, its widespread distribution, as shown in the works presented in this collection, suggests that Nubian reduction played as complex a role in past human behaviour and cultural dynamics as it does in current archaeological debates.
Similarity-Based Compression in Working Memory: Implications for Decay and Refreshing Models
Authors: Kowialiewski Benjamin , Lemaire Benoît , Portrat Sophie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe ability to compress information is a fundamental cognitive function. It allows working memory (WM) to overcome its severely limited capacity. Recent evidence suggests that the similarity between items can be used to compress information, leading to a rich pattern of behavioral results. This work presents a series of simulations showing that this rich pattern of WM performance is captured using the principles of TBRS*, a decay and refreshing architecture. By assuming that similar items are compressed, the architecture can explain the beneficial effect of similarity on the items themselves. The architecture also explains the fact that when similar items are mixed with dissimilar items, this provides a proactive—but no retroactive—benefit on WM performance. In addition, the model captures fine-grained patterns of transposition errors recently reported. Several analyses are reported showing the robustness of the model’s predictions. We reached the conclusion that decay and refreshing theories provide a plausible explanation for compression effects in WM. These conclusions are discussed in light of recent experimental results. The importance of computational modeling for testing theories is emphasized.
Evaluation of pruning therapies in apple trees with fire blight
Authors: DuPont S. Tianna , Munir Misbakhul , Cox Kerik , Johnson Ken , Peter Kari , Baro Aina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTen experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of methods to therapeutically remove fire blight cankers from apple trees with different age, vigor, training system and rootstock combinations in Washington, Oregon, Pennsylvania and New York, United States. Removal methods included pruning at varying distances from visible symptoms, utilization of a sanitizing agent and the use of a stub cut to minimize cankers on structural wood. Fire blight removal resulted in reductions of rootstock blight and tree death. Removal treatments resulted in fewer additional cankers compared to the no-treatment control in most trial sites and years. The standard best management practice (BMP) for removing fire blight was branch removal at 30 cm below the proximal edge of visibly cankered tissue with sanitized loppers. This practice significantly reduced the number of new systemically-caused symptoms compared to the no-treatment control in seven of nine experiments with significant reductions in five experiments. Aggressive removal, defined as BMP but branches removed approximately 76 cm from the proximal edge of visibly cankered tissue, generally did not improve the standard practice. Elimination of cutting tool sanitation did not result in more cankers than the standard practice. Breaking off diseased branches by hand provided a rapid removal method, but it resulted in a greater number of cankers in the orchard at the end of the season. In one of five experiments cutting which left a 13 cm stub distal to structural wood significantly reduced the number of cankers on structural wood compared to flush cut or 4 cm stubs.
Fabric pre-treated with Vitex negundo L essential oil as a preventive tool against mosquito bite
Authors: Okoli Bamidele , Ladan Zakari , Mtunzi Fanyana 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite its beneficial properties and the efficiency of essential oil in controlling mosquitoes and other hematopoietic insects, this biocontrol agent has several significant limitations, ranging from its chemical instability to its short protection time and sensitivity to oxidation. This research aimed to address these limitations by altering the surface functionality using encapsulated Vitex negundo essential oil (VnEO). The VnEO was extracted by hydrodistilation and analysed by GC–MS. The oil was β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) encapsulated and monochlorotriazine (MCT) modified to improve its fabric interaction and stability, while histological and immunohistochemical examinations were conducted to determine its safety. The fabrics were subjected to FT-IR, SEM, XRD, TGA, fiberometric, and Zeta potential analysis, while the repellency study was conducted in an olfactometer. Insecticidal monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were confirmed by GC–MS, and an entrapment efficiency of 94.3% was achieved. The repellent interaction with the fabric was confirmed by the formation of two intense bands at 3277 (O–H) and 1710 cm−1(C=O), broad diffraction peaks at 17.30° and 38.30–57.10° about a 4.70% increase in average fibre size and a 18.8% decrease in pore size, and lower fibre thermal stability. The surface of the fabric is negatively charged, causing an enhancement in the adsorption and affinity of VnEO by grafting of β-CD/MCT. The dermatological investigation suggests that the oil has no significant toxic effects. In conclusion, the encapsulation and fabric grafting employed are effective and safe for the preparation of a long-lasting repellent fabric.
Out-of-home food environment and the COVID-19 pandemic: an interrupted time-series analysis in England 2019–2021
Authors: Xiang Huasheng , Goffe Louis , Albani Viviana , Akhter Nasima , Lake Amelia , Brown Heather 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the UK government introduced three waves of national lockdowns and other measures to limit the spread of the virus between 2020 and 2021. A key component of these national lockdowns required the out-of-home food sector, such as restaurants and pubs, to operate only as takeaways. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the out-of-home food environment in England. Using monthly data collected at the local authority level between March 2019 to December 2021, we employed an interrupted time-series approach to analyze the trends of eight different types of food outlets: (1) fast food/sandwich shop; (2) pub/night club/bar; (3) restaurant/café/canteen; (4) supermarket; (5) mobile caterer; (6) other catering premise, (7) fast food chains, and (8) non-chained hot food outlets. Our findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic had heterogeneously impacted on different types of food outlets. After the easing of restrictions only restaurants, mobile caterers, pubs, and supermarkets grew, whereas fast food outlets and mobile caters did not. However, when looking at chained and non-chained fast food outlets, non-chained food outlets were more responsive to government policy during the pandemic such as the Eat Out To Help Out scheme, whereas after restrictions eased, chained outlets grew at a faster rate compared to their non-chained counterparts, but all fast food outlets had lower growth than before the pandemic. It is important to understand how the food environment is evolving and changing especially in relation to shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The food environment has a direct and indirect impact on the economy and population health. Thus, it is of great value to understand how it is changing and when and where there is a role for government intervention.