bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequential Early-Life Infections Alter Peripheral Blood Transcriptomics in Aging Female Mice but Not the Response to De Novo Infection with Influenza Virus or M. tuberculosis
Authors: Lanzer Kathleen G , Cookenham Tres , Lehrmann Elin , Zhang Yongqing , Duso Debbie , Xie Qingqing , Reiley William W , Becker Kevin G , Blackman Marcia A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
To determine the impact of accumulating Ag exposure on immunity in the aging mouse, and to develop a model more relevant to humans who are exposed to multiple pathogens during life, we sequentially infected young female mice with four distinct pathogens at 8-wk intervals: murine γ-herpesvirus 68, Sendai virus, murine CMV, and Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Mock-infected mice received PBS. After aging the sequentially infected and mock-infected mice to 18–25 mo under specific pathogen-free conditions, we analyzed multiple immune parameters. We assessed transcriptional activity in peripheral blood, T cell phenotype, the diversity of influenza epitopes recognized by CD8 T cells, and the response of the animals to infection with influenza virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Our data show enhanced transcriptional activation in sequentially infected aged mice, with changes in some CD8 T cell subsets. However, there was no measurable difference in the response of mock-infected and sequentially infected aged mice to de novo infection with either influenza virus or M. tuberculosis at 18–21 mo. Unexpectedly, a single experiment in which 25-mo-old female mice were challenged with influenza virus revealed a significantly higher survival rate for sequentially infected (80%) versus mock-infected (20%) mice. These data suggest that although exposure to a variety of pathogen challenges in the mouse model does not overtly impact cellular markers of immunity in aged female mice following de novo respiratory infection, subtle changes may emerge in other compartments or with increasing age.
Toll-Like Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Indian Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Baskaran Kirankumar , Pugazhendhi Srinivasan , Ramakrishna Balakrishnan 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Defective innate immune recognition of gut microbes may be one reason for the genesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Genetic defects in IBD show considerable variation between populations. This study evaluated three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the toll-like receptor (TLR) genes in patients with IBD and healthy controls.

Methods:
DNA isolated from peripheral blood of 200 IBD patients (100 Crohn's disease and 100 ulcerative colitis) and 100 healthy controls were subjected to polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion for three SNPs in TLR4 (D299G, rs4986790), TLR5 (392 stop codon, rs5744168) and TLR9 (-1486 T/C, rs187084) genes, and genotypes assigned according to the restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern.

Results:
Minor allele frequencies for the 3 polymorphisms were not significantly different between IBD patients and healthy controls. The TLR4 rs4986790 minor allele (G) frequency was 27/200 in controls compared to 48/400 in IBD (odds ratio [OR] 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52–1.44, P = 0.6007). The TLR5 rs5744168 minor allele (T) frequency was 19/200 in controls compared to 45/400 in IBD (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.63–2.12, P = 0.5132). The TLR9 rs187084 minor allele (C) frequency was 71/200 in controls compared to 129/400 in IBD (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.61–1.26, P = 0.4261).

Conclusion:
These three polymorphisms in the TLR genes were not associated with IBD in the Indian population.
Ureteral Stent Placement as a Treatment Option of Ureteral Stenosis in Comorbid Patients: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Stamatakos Panagiotis Velissarios , Papadimitriou Evangelia , Moschotzopoulos Dimitrios , Paizis Theodoros , Papadopoulos Georgios , Dellis Athanasios , Fragkoulis Charalampos 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Ureteral stenosis consist a medical condition characterized by high percentage of morbidity index causing refractory urinary tract infections, lithiasis as well as renal impairment and as a result, it is associated with poor outcomes regarding patients’ quality of life. Cold-knife, electrocautery, laser incision as well as surgical reconstruction are different options of treatment. However, in comorbid patients unfit for surgery permanent ureteral stent placement should be an alternative approach.

Aims and Objectives:
Assessing success rate and safety profile of ureteral stenting in comorbid patients with ureteral stenosis.

Materials and Methods:
In this retrospective study data was collected from patients underwent ureteral stent placement in our department. Personal history, laboratory examination and frailty assessment was documented in each case. Meanwhile, complications and success rate of the procedurewere recorded.

Conclusion:
Ureteral stent placement consist a safe treatment approach in patients with ureteral stenosis and many comorbidities. However, urologists should inform patients about the risk of stent withdrawal.
From “Micro-“ Diagnosis to “Macro-“ Treatment, a Road Full of Colors
Authors: Iliopoulou Maria , Mourmouris I. Panagiotis , Nikolaidou Eleni 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
From 1878 when the first working cystoscope was presented to today’s era of big data and artificial intelligence, colorful biomarkers remain one of the urologists’ strongest allies. We hereby review the current research frontiers in “color” informatics and their clinical translation in urology through methodologies and applications of visual augmentation of molecular feedback and theragnostic.

Results:
The multi-dimensional data approach involves firstly lasers’ rapid progress as an omnipresent part of modern urology in a variety of diseases, while color Doppler assists the depiction both of the urinary tract and the male genital tract. Both in molecular and systemic level screening, unique techniques using light, histochemical stain enabling color, and fluorescent tracers are improving morphological discrimination between malignant and benign cells, as well as providing anatomical and functional information preoperatively and intraoperatively.

Conclusion:
Technologies by exploiting the various lengths of the spectrum of light, which clinically it is translated, and it is evident as different color shades, have significantly toward improved our ability to both diagnose and treat urological entities. Thus, improving the management of light’s and color’s unique attributes could provide urologists with more effective clinical tools.
A Simple Algorithm to Facilitate Improved Diagnosis of Nocturia
Authors: Stamatiou Konstantinos , Simatos Georgios , Valasis Georgios , Bleibel Alexander , Zavradinos Dimitrios 
Published: August 2023

Introduction/Aim:
Traditionally, nocturia is considered a bothersome storage symptom, associated with prostatic enlargement. However, nocturia occurs also in a range of urological and non-urological conditions. Some other authors consider nocturia as a disease rather than a symptom. The aim of this article is to present the clinically relevant features of nocturia and to suggest a simple algorithm to facilitate its investigation.

Material and Methods:
A database and a manual search were conducted in the MEDLINE database of the National Library of Medicine, PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and other libraries using the key words “nocturia”, “nocturnal frequency”, “nighttime voiding”, in various combinations with the terms “etiology”, “pathophysiology” “risk factors”, “causes”. We included reviews metanalyses and clinical studies. We considered full-text written papers. Bibliographic information in the selected publications was checked for relevant records not included in the initial search.

Results:
According to current litterature is a very common condition that affects millions of people worldwide. The rate of people affected increases with age. About 1 in 3 adults over the age of 30 experience nocturia. There is a predominance of female gender among younger patients however occurrence of nocturia is equal between men and women aged 50-59 years. Nocturia occurs in more than 50% of individuals over 60 years of age and the prevalence is greater in men than women. The impact of nocturia in overall health is highly significant. Additionally, to the decrease in quality of life due to the inconvenience that it causes, nocturia can be associated with long-term sleep deprivation and the subsequent exhaustion, mood changes, somnolence, impaired productivity, increased risk of falls and accidents, fatigue, lethargy, inattentiveness, and cognitive dysfunction. Despite its high frequency and significance, nocturia remains under-reported, and under-treated. The most usual reasons explaining the above is the variety of contributing factors and conditions.

Conclusions:
It is paramount that clinicians are aware of the multiple potential contributing factors in any given patient. A simplified algorithm may help to identify the underlying etiology (such as diabetes or nocturnal polyuria) leading to better treatment outcomes, improved quality of life scores, and substantial symptom resolution.
A comparative study of abdominal wall hernia surgery before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from a 2-year observational period
Authors: Ergenç Muhammer , Uprak Tevfik K 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Abdominal wall hernia surgery is among the most common procedures in general surgery. It is thought that postponing elective hernia surgeries due to the pandemic will increase emergency presentations of hernias, but different data have been published in the literature.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on emergency and elective hernia operations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Patients who underwent hernia surgery in the Istanbul Sultanbeyli State Hospital between March 2018 and March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. March 11, 2018–March 11, 2020, and March 12, 2020–March 12, 2022, were categorized as prepandemic and pandemic periods, respectively, and were evaluated as 1-year periods. All abdominal wall hernia operations performed in the hospital were examined.

RESULTS:
A total of 1,644 patients underwent hernia operations. Patients’ ages ranged from 18 to 87 years; the mean age was 47.5 ± 13.6. A total of 1,319 (80%) of patients were men. There was a 50% decrease in the number of surgeries during the pandemic, but there was no significant increase in emergency surgeries (P = 0.49). Incisional and ventral hernia procedures declined dramatically over the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the prepandemic period, whereas inguinal hernia surgeries increased proportionally (P = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS:
While a decrease was observed in total abdominal hernia surgeries performed during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the prepandemic period, no significant increase was found in emergency abdominal hernia surgeries. Patients with ventral and incisional hernias can be followed up to be operated on under optimal conditions.
Do the costs of robotic surgery present an insurmountable obstacle? A narrative review
Authors: Eckhoff Jennifer A , Müller Dolores T , Brunner Stefanie N , Fuchs Hans F , Meireles Ozanan R 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
With increasing market size and rising demand, the question arises whether the high cost impedes accessibility to robotic surgery. Despite all the apparent advantages robotic surgery offers to surgeons and patients, it is imperative for healthcare providers to weigh the insufficiently documented evidence for robotics against the exorbitant price. Aside from the high acquisition cost of robotic systems, the cost of instruments and accessories, maintenance, as well as the need for training, and the impact on procedural dynamics in the operating room factor into any cost–utility analysis. However, current perspectives provide an insufficient overview of available systems and their cost. And the lack of transparency and incomplete information provided by manufacturers impose a significant challenge to informed decision-making. This article gives a short overview of the cost of robotic surgery, what additional costs to consider, where to obtain information, and attempts to elaborate on the question of whether cost impedes the worldwide establishment of robotic surgery.
A combined laparoscopic and open delayed repair of a rare traumatic abdominal wall hernia
Authors: Dorpmans Dries , Dams Anne 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Traumatic abdominal wall hernias (TAWHs) are uncommon and result from a high-energetic blunt trauma to the abdomen. These hernias are not always apparent in initial trauma evaluation. No consensus exists regarding optimal timing and surgical approach.

Case Presentation:
A 68-year-old Caucasian woman was involved as a passenger in a high-energetic head-on collision motor vehicle accident. In the initial assessment a sternal fracture, four rib fractures, a small pneumothorax, and a medial malleolus fracture were found. A small abdominal wall hernia was missed. Six months later she presents with a painful mass in her left flank. Computed tomography (CT) showed a large hernia containing colon. An elective hybrid repair was done. Laparoscopically, a preperitoneal mesh was placed. Afterward, using open access, the abdominal wall musculature was re-fixated on the iliac crest.

Discussion:
Emergent surgical management of TAWH is often preferred due to high incidence of associated intra-abdominal lacerations. These settings are not always favorable for mesh placement. Some data suggest a higher recurrence rate for hernias without mesh augmentation and repair within the acute posttraumatic period. Conservative management poses the risk of incarceration and hernia defect enlargement. A delayed repair can be considered if the patient is hemodynamically stable, no associated visceral lacerations are present and the defect is large enough to reduce the risk of incarceration. It has the advantage of mesh placement in healthy tissue.

Conclusions:
A delayed laparoscopic repair seems a safe and valid option allowing larger mesh placement. Additional fascia closure of muscle fixation can be done granting more reinforcement and smaller incision needs and thus less postoperative pain.
A study to evaluate and compare the apical sealing ability of MTA, Biodentine, and TotalFill BC RRM Putty in simulated immature teeth
Authors: Raju Neetha , Kumar Paluvary Sharath , Jayashankara C. M. , Girish S. A. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Adequate seal of the root canal is necessary to prevent recontamination and ensure long-term clinical success. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and Total Fill Bioceramic Root Repair Material Putty as the root canal obturation materials using the dye penetration test.

Materials and Methods:
In this in vitro study, a total of All 68 human teeth were mounted on an experimental setup. Teeth were randomly divided into four groups: Group 1 – A 4 mm apical plug of premixed TotalFill BC RRM Putty; Group 2 – A 4 mm apical plug of hand-mixed MTA; Group 3 – A 4 mm apical plug of mechanically mixed MTA was placed; and Group 4 – A 4 mm apical plug of mechanically mixed Biodentine was placed.

Results:
There is a statistically significant difference between Group II and Group III along the root canal wall (P < 0.05). There is no significant difference between Group I and Group IV along the root canal walls (P > 0.05). The lowest mean value of microleakage was recorded by Group I, whereas the highest mean value of microleakage was shown by Group II.

Conclusion:
Within the limitation of this study, none of the root-end filling materials were free from microleakage. Among these materials, TotalFill BC RRM Putty showed the least microleakage along the root canal walls. However, the validity of this in vitro study could be appreciated only through further clinical trials.
A Review of Community-Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Diseases Studies from India
Authors: Marwaha Drishti , Pillai Ashvin , Ravindran Vinod , Ajithkumar N. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background:
Community-Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD) is a global community-based program, emphasizing prevalence data. In India, it has been headed by the World Health Organization (WHO), the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR), and the Bone and Joint Decade (BJD), India. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) also utilized the COPCORD methodology. This study aimed to review Indian COPCORD data.

Methods:
PubMed, COPCORD website, conference proceedings, and citations were searched from inception to 2022. Search terms included WHO-ILAR, COPCORD, and India. Studies conducted in India and available in English were included. Abstracts from journal supplements or conference proceedings were included if they studied the Indian population.

Results:
Bhigwan, Pune, Bikaner, Lucknow, Calicut, and Trivandrum studies were published as full-length articles. Soft-tissue rheumatism showed a higher prevalence than most diseases everywhere. The appraisal checklist found a few lacunae in the description of the study setting and statistical analysis clarity. Bhigwan had a high prevalence of “ill-defined diagnosis” (6.25%). Osteoarthritis (OA) knee had a prevalence of 10.6% in Lucknow urban. RA prevalence was 2.54% in Bikaner. Pune exhibited the highest OA prevalence (6.25%). Age and gender were important risk factors in the Calicut study. Trivandrum found that functional impairment impacted workability and finances. Malappuram reported higher rheumatic musculoskeletal disease (RMSD) in women (70%).

Conclusion:
COPCORD studies were the first to highlight the burden of RMSD in India. Nonclinical aspects such as architecture and living conditions have been described. Further research regarding functional ability, work disability, and psychosocial factors is recommended. Future scope to look at economic aspects and environmental risk factors remains.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Limbah Penyulingan Sereh Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus) terhadap Suhu, pH Litter dan Performa Ayam Broiler
Authors: Sabuna Cytske , Wihandoyo Wihandoyo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Rearing a chicken broiler in a litter system cage use litter material. The requirement of a good litter material were should have high water absorption, low water content, and nontoxic. Using litter material can affect of performance the broiler. The study aimed to know the effect of lemongrass (C. nardus) distillation waste as litter materials on temperature, pH, and broiler chicken performance. The study used 175-day-old chickens (DOC) that were divided into 5 treatments consisting of 7 chickens each with 5 replication. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the treatment consisted of levels of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% of lemongrass distillation waste and 100% of rice husk does not have a significant effect on temperature, pH, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio but have a significant effect (p <0.05) on body weight gain compared to controls. The conclusion of the study was that lemongrass distillation waste can be recommended as a litter material in rearing chicken broiler.
Keywords: Broiler; Lemon grass waste distillation; Performance; pH; Temperature

Abstrak
Pemeliharaan ayam broiler dengan kandang sistim litter menggunakan bahan litter. Syarat bahan litter adalah penyerapan air yang tinggi, kadar air yang rendah dan tidak beracun. Penggunaan bahan litter dapat mempengaruhi performa ayam broiler. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengkaji penggunaan limbah penyulingan sereh wangi sebagai litter terhadap suhu litter, pH litter dan performa ayam broiler. Ayam yang digunakan dalam penelitian yakni ayam broiler umur sehari (DOC) sebanyak 175 ekor yang dirancang dalam 5 perlakuan. Setiap perlakuan menggunakan 5 ulangan dan setiap ulangan terdiri dari 7 ekor ayam. Rancangan yang digunakan RAL. Data dianalisis dengan Analysis of Variance (Anova), dilanjutkan dengan Uji Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% limbah penyulingan sereh wangi dan 100% sekam padi sebagai litter berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap suhu litter, pH litter, konsumsi pakan dan konversi pakan sedangkan berpengaruh signifikan (p<0,05) terhadap pertambahan bobot badan ayam broiler dibanding dengan kontrol. Kesimpulan dari penelitian adalah limbah penyulingan sereh wangi dapat direkomendasi sebagai litter pada pemeliharaan ayam broiler.
Kata kunci: Broiler; Limbah penyulingan sereh wangi; Performa; pH; Suhu
Sarcoma de Kaposi: tratamientos tópicos
Authors: Pastore Federico 
Published: August 2023

El sarcoma de Kaposi (SK) es un tumor angioproliferativo asociado al virus del herpes 8. Según la forma clínica que desarrolle y el estado inmunitario del paciente, puede manifestarse como una lesión cutánea única o ser una enfermedad diseminada.
El tratamiento dependerá de la forma clínica, la extensión de las lesiones y las condiciones médicas preexistentes. Esto irá desde la observación clínica, los tratamientos tópicos e intralesionales, la cirugía, la crioterapia, la radioterapia inicial o la optimización de la terapia antirretroviral hasta la quimioterapia sistémica.
El tratamiento tópico es una opción para algunos pacientes con SK cutáneo, ya que alcanza concentraciones locales más altas con menos efectos adversos locales y sistémicos.
Los tres fármacos más utilizados son timolol, imiquimod y alitretinoína, con buena eficacia relativa y un perfil de seguridad favorable.
The application of English-Bahasa Indonesia compatibility in descriptive text to improve writing skill of grade VII 19 Junior High School, Bandung, academic year 2020-2021
Authors: Purnomowulan R. R. 
Published: August 2023

Classroom Action Research in “The application of English-bahasa Indonesia compatibility in descriptive text to improve writing skill of Grade VII 19 Junior High School Bandung, Indonesia, in academic year 2020-2021” is purposed to intensify students’s competencies both in writing bahasa Indonesia and English. Classroom Action Reseach at this moment was undertaken in Bandung, from November 2016 until April 2017. It took six months to accomplish the purpose of this study. The mayor participants were Grade VII. with 250 students had participated in this study. This classroom action research activities had to be varied with daily activities in learning English, this cycle had been implemented in the early, middle, or in the end of English lesson.Based on the three cycles implemented in applying English- bahasa Indonesia compatibility in writing descriptive text to improve writing skill, most students has gradually improved their achievement in writing the text.