bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of good review practices of seven countries participating in the ECOWAS medicines regulatory harmonisation initiative: identifying opportunities for improvement
Authors: Owusu-Asante Mercy , Darko Delese Mimi , Seaneke Seth , Nacoulma Aminata , Traore Oula Ibrahim Olivier , Adeyeye Christianah Mojisola , Akinyemi Abayomi , Assane Coulibaly , Clamoungou Clarisse Épse Kaul Meledje , Ndao Oumy Kalsoum , Kande Rokhaya Ndiaye , Komeh James , Mansaray Sheku , Lamboni Dalkoi , Agba Maheza , Walker Stuart , Salek Sam 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionWhen implemented by national and regional regulatory agencies good review practices (GRevPs) support the timely high-quality review of medicines for enhanced patients’ availability to safe, quality and efficacious innovative and generic products. It is important that all aspects of GRevPs are continuously evaluated and updated to promote the continuous improvement of regulatory systems at national and regional levels. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the GRevPs of the national medicines regulatory agencies (NMRAs) of Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, who are active participants of the ECOWASMRH initiative to identify opportunities for improvement.MethodsThe Optimising Efficiencies in Regulatory Agencies questionnaire, was completed by each of the NMRAs, which facilitates the assessment of GRevPs, which in turn affect the regulatory review processes.ResultsExcept for Cote d’Ivoire and Nigeria which are autonomous, the other five NMRAs operate within the administrative structure of their respective Health Ministry, to regulate medical products for human use, medical devices and diagnostics. Apart from Togo, the agencies receive partial funding from their governments as well as from regulatory fees. Population in the seven countries ranges from 8.6 million to 211.4 million. All the NMRAs had measures in place to achieve quality in their review processes, although there were some remaining initiatives related to transparency and communication, continuous improvement and training and education, to be implemented. Of the ten quality decision-making practices Ghana had implemented nine into a framework, Togo eight, Cote d’Ivoire seven, Nigeria six, and Burkina Faso five; while Sierra Leone has partially implemented all ten and Senegal had not implemented any of the quality decision-making practices.ConclusionThe study compared the organisation, GRevPs and quality decision-making processes of the NMRAs that actively participate in the ECOWAS-MRH initiative. Though some differences were identified with regard to organisation, a significant number of good review practice initiatives and quality decision-making practices were identified yet to be implemented to promote continuous improvement in the regulatory processes of the NMRAs.
Global, regional, national epidemiology and trends of Parkinson’s disease from 1990 to 2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Luo Yuanrong , Qiao Lichun , Li Miaoqian , Wen Xinyue , Zhang Wenbin , Li Xianwen 
Published: January 2025

AimsIn light of the escalating global incidence of Parkinson’s disease and the dearth of therapeutic interventions that can alter the disease’s course, there exists an urgent necessity to comprehensively elucidate and quantify the disease’s global burden.MethodsThis study analyzed the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of Parkinson’s disease at global, regional, and national levels based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Bayesian age-period cohort (BAPC) analysis was used to predict the burden in Parkinson’s disease from 2022 to 2035.ResultsIn 2021, 11.77 million people worldwide had Parkinson’s disease. Age-standardized rates of incidence, prevalence, and DALYs increased to 15.63/100,000, 138.63/100,000, and 89.59/100,000. The burden of Parkinson’s disease were higher in males than in females, and showed an increase and then a slight decrease with age. The disease burden was highest in East Asia. BAPC projection showed an increase in all metrics by 2035 except for a slight decrease in the age-standardized DALYs rates.ConclusionThe global burden of Parkinson’s disease has risen over the past 32 years, and there is a need to focus on key populations, as well as to improve health policies to prevent and treat Parkinson’s disease.
Study protocol for a nested process evaluation of a complex discharge planning intervention (HOME Rehab) to improve participation after first-stroke
Authors: Reeder Sandra , Stanley Mandy , Jolliffe Laura J. , Lannin Natasha A. 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionStroke is a leading cause of adult disability, and the transition from hospital to home can be fraught with challenges. The HOME Rehab trial is designed to address if better health outcomes for stroke survivors can be achieved with a contextually relevant and tailored occupational therapy discharge planning and support intervention. Process evaluations inform clinical trial findings and future scale up, as well as how to implement a successful intervention effectively into policy and practice. This paper describes the protocol we are using in the HOME Rehab process evaluation planning and activities.MethodsUsing a theoretically informed approach, mixed methods are being used to collect data and address all aspects of the RE-AIM framework. Quantitative data will comprise clinician surveys, trial logs and fidelity checklists as well as screening and recruitment numbers. Semi-structured interviews with trial participants and carers and focus groups with occupational therapists will provide qualitative data. A concurrent triangulation approach will be taken to draw on the strengths of multiple methods to cross-validate findings. The RE-AIM framework will be used to interpret the qualitative and quantitative data together as well as highlight areas of convergence or divergence in the findings. Multiple data sources will be integrated to refine the interpretation of outcomes, understand the context of program delivery, and identify key findings. Drawing on, and integrating data from, multiple perspectives and methods will strengthen the overall findings and provided detailed insights into the causal mechanisms as well as the contextual factors that may influence intervention outcomes.DiscussionProcess evaluations can optimize study outcomes by improving how a complex intervention is implemented, informing the actions of policymakers and clinicians. For the HOME Rehab intervention, the process evaluation may provide valuable data necessary to explain the trial findings, as well as inform future scale-up and implementation if the HOME Rehab intervention is shown to be effective.Clinical trial registrationhttps://www.anzctr.org.au, identifier ACTRN12618001360202.
The association between dietary omega-3 intake and osteoporosis: a NHANES cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Zhiwen , Cai Shaoming , Chen Yuzhen , Peng Zijing , Jian Huanling , Zhang Zhihai , Huang Hongxing 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundRecent research suggests that omega-3 fatty acids may play a role in bone metabolism through their influence on bone mineral density (BMD) and the regulation of bone turnover markers. However, epidemiological evidence linking omega-3 intake to the risk of developing osteoporosis is still emerging and remains inconclusive. This study aims to clarify the role of dietary omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention of osteoporosis.MethodsWe analyzed data from 8,889 participants categorized into normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups based on their BMD scores from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We measured dietary omega-3 intake using two 24-h dietary recall interviews. Dietary omega-3 intake was quantified and divided into quartiles. Multivariate logistic regression and subgroup analysis were used to explore the correlation between dietary omega-3 intake and osteoporosis. The dose–response relationship between the two was analyzed with a restricted cubic spline (RCS).ResultsHigher dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids was inversely associated with the risk of osteoporosis. Participants in the highest quartile of omega-3 intake had a significantly lower risk (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53–0.93) compared to those in the lowest quartile, with a consistent trend across all adjusted models (p for trend &lt;0.05). Subgroup analyses indicated stronger associations in individuals under 60 years of age, female and non-smokers. In individuals aged under 60, higher omega-3 intake was associated with significantly reduced osteoporosis risk (OR = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.26–0.95), females showed a protective effect of high omega-3 intake against osteoporosis (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.49–0.87). Among non-smokers, higher omega-3 intake was associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.45–0.90), whereas in smokers, the association was not evident (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.55–1.52). No significant associations were found in older participants or smokers. Intake of omega-3 and osteoporosis were linearly related (p for nonlinear = 0.366).ConclusionThis study demonstrates a significant inverse relationship between dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake and osteoporosis risk, suggesting omega-3 s play a crucial role in bone health. However, further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and refine dietary recommendations for osteoporosis prevention.
Case report: Malignant priapism: penile metastasis from prostate cancer with low serum PSA level
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Xu Mengfan , Shang Muhan , Liu Zhiqi , Yang Lei , Yu Dexin 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundPenile metastasis originating from prostate cancer is an extremely rare condition, typically associated with a poor prognosis. Therapeutic approaches are not well established and may require individualized adaptation based on clinical assessment. Radiotherapy is commonly utilized to alleviate symptoms. For patients presenting with priapism, palliative penectomy is often recommended.Case presentationThis report describes a case of penile metastasis from prostate cancer in a 74-year-old man who presented with priapism. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging identified metastases in the penis, along with multiple metastatic sites in the lungs, left iliac vascular lymph nodes, abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes, and bones. A palliative penectomy was performed to relieve symptoms, and postoperative pathology confirmed the presence of penile metastasis originating from prostate cancer. Following the penectomy, the patient received ongoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) along with androgen receptor antagonists (enzalutamide).ConclusionsPenile metastasis from prostate cancer is a rare condition and is often initially misdiagnosed due to the presentation of occult malignancy. This case highlights the need for clinicians to enhance their understanding and diagnostic accuracy regarding penile metastases. Imaging techniques such as Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) and Gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography (Ga-68 PSMA PET/CT) can detect prostate cancer lesions even at low serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, thereby improving diagnostic precision for prostate cancer.
Multiomic analysis of lactylation and mitochondria-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma identified MRPL3 as a new prognostic biomarker
Authors: Xing Wenya , Zhou Yuanzi , Long Qiuzi , Yi Nan , Wang Gaoyuan , Shi Rongwei , Huang Jinlong , Yin Xindong , Zhu Taiyang , Cao Shibing 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundRecent research has highlighted lactate’s crucial role in epigenetic regulation, particularly by influencing histone modifications that drive the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While mitochondria are known to regulate tumor behavior, the interaction between lactate metabolism and mitochondrial function in cancer tissues remains underexplored. Understanding this relationship may provide deeper insights into tumor metabolic reprogramming and reveal novel therapeutic targets for HCC and other malignancies.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive screening of lactylation- and mitochondria-associated genes (LMRGs) in HCC patients, followed by clustering based on these genes. Prognostic outcomes and pathway enrichment were analyzed across the identified clusters. Additionally, we developed a prognostic model based on LMRGs, examining its implications for survival, immune response, and drug sensitivity. In vitro experiments were performed to validate the expression patterns and functional role of MRPL3 in HCC.ResultsWe developed a prognostic model, named the LMRG model, incorporating three key genes: ACACA, MRPL3, and MRPS23. This model revealed significant differences in survival outcomes, immune responses, and drug sensitivity between patients with high and low LMRG scores. MRPL3 was found to be overexpressed in HCC, playing a critical role in tumor growth and metastasis. These results were further validated through in vitro experiments, confirming MRPL3’s role in HCC cell proliferation and invasion.ConclusionWe created a predictive model, LMRG, and identified MRPL3 as a key biomarker. Our findings suggest that MRPL3 has significant potential as a reliable predictive biomarker for clinical applications in HCC diagnosis and treatment.
Identifying targets for antibiotic stewardship interventions in pediatric patients in Punjab, Pakistan: point prevalence surveys using AWaRe guidance
Authors: Sheikh Samia , Saleem Zikria , Afzal Shairyar , Qamar Muhammad Usman , Raza Ali Abuzar , Haider Naqvi Syed Zeeshan , Al-Rawi Mahmood Basil A. , Godman Brian 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionSurveillance of antibiotic use is crucial for identifying targets for antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs), particularly in pediatric populations within countries like Pakistan, where antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is escalating. This point prevalence survey (PPS) seeks to assess the patterns of antibiotic use in pediatric patients across Punjab, Pakistan, employing the WHO AWaRe classification to pinpoint targets for intervention and encourage rational antibiotic usage.MethodsA PPS was conducted across 23 pediatric wards of 14 hospitals in the Punjab Province of Pakistan using the standardized Global-PPS methodology developed by the University of Antwerp. The study included all pediatric inpatients receiving antibiotics at the time of the survey, categorizing antibiotic prescriptions according to the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification and the AWaRe classification system.ResultsOut of 498 pediatric patients, 409 were receiving antibiotics, representing an antibiotic use prevalence of 82.1%. A substantial majority (72.1%) of the prescribed antibiotics fell under the WHO's Watch category, with 25.7% in the Access category and 2.2% in the Reserve group. The predominant diagnoses were respiratory infections, notably pneumonia (32.4%). The most commonly used antibiotics were ceftriaxone (37.2%) and Vancomycin (13.5%). Only 2% of antibiotic uses were supported by culture sensitivity reports, highlighting a reliance on empirical therapy.ConclusionThe high prevalence of antibiotic use, particularly from the Watch category, and low adherence to culture-based prescriptions underscore the critical need for robust antibiotic stewardship programs in Pakistan. Strengthening these programs could help mitigate AMR and optimize antibiotic use, aligning with global health objectives.
Aortoiliac arterial thrombosis and renal artery stenosis in a patient with neonatal multisystem inflammatory syndrome: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Lertkovit Oranooj , Isaranimitkul Daranee , Pornrattanarungsri Suwanna , Sirimongkolchaiyakul Ornatcha , Tangcheewinsirikul Sirikarn , Saengrat Pichada 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundMultisystem inflammatory syndrome in neonates (MIS-N) is a rare condition thought to be associated with prenatal exposure to maternal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. This immune-mediated hyperinflammation has been described in neonates with multiorgan dysfunction, including cardiopulmonary, encephalopathy, coagulopathy, and vascular complications. However, renovascular complications in MIS-N are rare. Here, we present a case with aortoiliac arterial thrombosis and renovascular stenosis in MIS-N.Case presentationA 2-day-old, full-term, male neonate presented with fever, respiratory failure, hypotensive shock, and elevated inflammatory markers. He was transferred to our neonatal intensive care unit for comprehensive monitoring and treated with antibiotics for early-onset neonatal sepsis. However, his clinical condition deteriorated. His mother reported a history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection during the late second trimester. He was diagnosed with MIS-N based on the fulfillment of the diagnostic criteria for multiorgan involvement and laboratory findings. He responded to intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroids, and aspirin. However, he later developed significant hypertension, which was associated with aortoiliac arterial thrombosis and right renal artery stenosis. An elevated ferritin level was observed. The ongoing inflammatory condition was considered, and corticosteroids were restarted along with treatment for documented thrombosis using enoxaparin and aspirin. After treatment, partial resolution of aortoiliac arterial thrombus was observed. However, narrowing of the proximal part of right renal artery persisted, and blood pressure remained difficult to control, requiring multiple antihypertensive agents. Finally, the patient underwent percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty to control hypertension.ConclusionOur case revealed the clinical course of MIS-N with renovascular complications. The condition's hyperinflammatory state may have played a pathophysiological role in the development of this life-threatening complication. Although there is an increased risk of bleeding in MIS-N, thromboprophylaxis should be considered in high-risk patients. An early multidisciplinary approach is recommended to ensure prompt diagnosis and improve outcomes.
Geographical variation in metabolite profiles and bioactivity of Thesium chinense Turcz. revealed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS-based metabolomics
Authors: Zhang Fang , Zhang Guanglei , Wang Cong , Xu Haonan , Che Ke , Sun Tingting , Yao Qisheng , Xiong Youyi , Zhou Niannian , Chen Mengyuan , Yu Hao , Chen Hao 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionThis study aims to investigate the impact of geographical origin on the metabolite composition and bioactivity of Thesium chinense Turcz. (TCT), a member of the Apiaceae family renowned for its wide range of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the whole plants of TCT from different regions in China, aiming to explore the geographical variation of TCT.MethodsA non-targeted metabolomics approach was employed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were utilized to identify and differentiate the metabolite profiles. We investigated the bioactivity, antioxidant activity, total flavonoid content (TFC), and the content of characteristic compounds from TCT sourced from different regions. This aims to further explore the metabolic differences and quality characteristics of TCT from various origins.ResultsPCA and PLS-DA analyses indicated that samples from different origins could be clearly distinguished. The analysis revealed 54 differential metabolites, predominantly flavonoids and alkaloids. KEGG pathway analysis indicated significant variations in the biosynthesis pathways of flavonoids and flavanols among the samples. TCT from Anhui province exhibited the highest TFC and strongest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, while samples from Jilin province showed the lowest.DiscussionA strong correlation was observed between metabolite content and geographical origins, suggesting that the bioactivity of TCT is significantly influenced by its provenance. Additionally, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of TCT were validated, showing a strong predictive relationship with TFC. This research highlights the potential of metabolomics in discerning the subtleties of plant metabolomes, contributing to the advancement of traditional Chinese medicine and its integration into modern healthcare practices.
Comparing a new visuospatial intervention administered 3 days after a trauma film to reduce the occurrence of intrusive visual memories: a single-center randomized, controlled trial in healthy participants
Authors: Matura Jan-Martin , Kessler Henrik , Holmes Emily A. , Timmesfeld Nina , Tokic Marianne C. , Axmacher Nikolai , Blackwell Simon E. , Schmidt Anna-Christine , Schweer Johanna M. , Hippert Charlotte , Apel Lukas , Dieris-Hirche Jan , Herpertz Stephan , Kehyayan Aram 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionIntrusive memories occur frequently after potentially traumatic events and form a core symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) if they persist. The translational approach of visuospatial interventions tries to target those intrusive memories in order to reduce their frequency predominantly using an intervention including as one component the computer game Tetris. Despite promising results, the application of Tetris has critical drawbacks, e.g., potential commercial or copyright issues. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether it is this specific game or, as predicted by theory, a visuospatial task per se that leads to the effect. This study hence aims to compare the effect of Tetris with an alternative, bespoke visuospatial task: Mobilum developed for the current purpose.MethodsN = 120 healthy participants watched a trauma film and recorded their intrusive memories in a diary for 6 days. Three days after watching the film, they were randomized to 3 groups and after memory reactivation cue received either Tetris or Mobilum or Control (no task). Prior to intervention 8 participants reported zero intrusive memories to the film and were excluded from further analyses, therefore 112 participants were included in the analysis.ResultsA mixed Poisson regression model revealed that the Mobilum group had significantly less frequent intrusive memories after the intervention compared to the control condition (approximately 43%, p = 0.0013). There was no significant difference for the Tetris group compared to Control (17% less frequent, p = 0.3798).DiscussionOur results suggest that visuospatial tasks other than Tetris—in this case, Mobilum—can also lead to a reduction in intrusive memories when administered 3 days after a trauma film. This strengthens the assumption that it is not specifically the game Tetris, but rather the visuospatial nature of the task, that is responsible for the reduction. Aspects of further investigating the potential of Mobilum as well as clinical implications are discussed.