bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INTERPRITATION OF A INTERNATIONAL TREATY
Authors: Бикетова Янина Олеговна , Сафина Светлана Маратовна 
Published: February 2023

В данной статье рассмотрена толкование международного договора, выяснение и разъяснение правильного смысла договора (его содержания) в целях наиболее правильного его применения и осуществления.
This article discusses the interpretation of an international treaty, the clarification and clarification of the correct meaning of the treaty (its content) in order to most correctly apply and implement it.
INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STATUS OF REFUGEES. FEATURES OF THE LEGAL STATUS OF A REFUGEE IN RUSSIA
Authors: Бикетова Янина Олеговна , Шайхилисламова Зиля Ирековна 
Published: February 2023

В данной статье рассмотрены основные положения присвоения статуса беженца, международно-правовые положения, описаны основные права и обязанности сторон, а также представлены особенности присвоения статуса беженца в Российской Федерации.
This article discusses the main provisions of the assignment of refugee status, international legal provisions, describes the basic rights and obligations of the sides, and also presents the specifics of the assignment of refugee status in the Russian Federation.
ANODE MATERIALS IN LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES BASED ON TIN
Authors: Корбова Екатерина Вадимовна , Липкин Михаил Семенович , Чеснокова Елена Юрьевна , Сахадзе Татьяна Александровна 
Published: February 2023

Новые материалы являются ключом к фундаментальным достижениям в области преобразования и хранения энергии, которые жизненно важны для решения проблемы глобального потепления и ограниченности ископаемого топлива. Композитные материалы рассмотренные в данной работе обладают уникальными комбинациями свойств в качестве электродов и электролитов в ряде энергетических устройств.
New materials are the key to fundamental advances in energy conversion and storage that are vital to addressing global warming and fossil fuel constraints. The composite materials discussed in this paper have unique combinations of properties as electrodes and electrolytes in a number of energy devices.
Croyances des dirigeants concernant les retombées du développement des compétences : effet modérateur sur les liens entre exigences perçues du travail et dépenses déclarées de formation dans les PME québécoises
Authors: Foucher Roland , Ben Mansour Jamal , Michaud Renée , Morin Denis 
Published: February 2023

Cette recherche vise à améliorer la compréhension de l’investissement en formation dans les PME en vérifiant empiriquement s’il reflète l’ampleur des exigences du travail et, en corollaire, si les croyances des dirigeants concernant les retombées du développement des compétences modèrent l’effet des exigences du travail, que l’entreprise soit soumise ou non à l’obligation légale d’investir en formation. Le choix de caractéristiques touchant l’organisation (exigences cognitives et relationnelles du travail), le dirigeant (croyances) et l’environnement (législation) s’inscrit dans une approche systémique et se fonde sur des écrits touchant les besoins d’apprentissage et l’influence des dirigeants de PME.Les données ont été collectées par questionnaire auprès de 287 dirigeants de PME québécoises. Trois résultats ressortent des régressions logistiques : les exigences du travail perçues par les dirigeants de PME interrogés influencent le niveau d’investissement en formation déclaré par leur entreprise ; leur croyance dans l’utilité du développement des compétences augmente l’influence des exigences du travail sur le niveau d’investissement, que l’entreprise soit soumise ou non à l’obligation légale de consacrer à la formation une somme minimale, le lien entre les exigences du travail et l’investissement en formation persiste malgré les craintes des dirigeants concernant les impacts négatifs du développement des compétences.
A Feasibility Study of Custom Hiring Service of Farm Machinery at Kanker District of Chhattishgarh
Authors: H. Tayade Narendra , V. Jogdand Surendra 
Published: February 2023

The study has evaluated the contribution of Custom Hiring Centres (CHCs) towards improving the economic viability of farming in Kanker district of Chhattisgarh. Model of custom hiring is very useful for providing the services of farm machinery for agricultural operation such as seedbed preparation, sowing, harvesting and threshing within a short period. Study is conducted to know the economic feasibility of the custom hiring services of farm machinery in all blocks of the Kanker district. Survey was carried out through gathering the information of 30 custom hiring centres owners in addition to beneficiaries (138 cultivators) of this custom hiring centers. It was found that 38.4 % small cultivators avail the services of custom hiring centre followed by 31.88 % marginal, 15.94 % large, and 13.76 medium cultivators respectively. It was also noted that profit per investment of tractor among all the farm machinery was highest but other machinery such as rotavator, plough, cultivator, reaper, seed drill and thresher was also profitable to the farmers. Disc plough has negative value of profit per investment which indicates that these implement cause loss on the initial investment. The return on investment from machinery does not depend on its initial cost mainly but it depends upon the annual usage it. The success of the CHC in the district will help in reducing debt-burden of the farmers by bringing down costs of operations and improving economic viability of farming.
Study of ‘Red Torch’ and ‘Pink Torch’ Cultivars of Torch Ginger in Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Menezes Cordeiro Maria Helena , Alves de França Rozineide Pereira , Laet Abreu Jéssica Tamara , Das Neves Leidiane Santana , Domingos Jahn Jhonatan Vinicius , Krause Willian , Alexandre Silva Celice 
Published: February 2023

Aims: To characterize the development, yield, and morphological characteristics of the ‘Red torch’ and ‘Pink torch’ cultivars of torch ginger cultivated in the Brazilian Cerrado.
Study design: The experiment was performed using two cultivars (‘Red torch’ and ‘Pink torch’) with three replications of three ginger torch clumps per plot.
Place and Duration of Study: Germplasm Active Bank of Ornamental Tropical Plants of the State University of Mato Grosso (14°08′38′′S, 57°03′45′′W; altitude of 488 m), Brazil, from August 2015 to July 2018.
Methodology: At monthly intervals during the first 10 months after planting, we assessed clump development, based on the measurement of the area occupied by the clump, and number of tillers emerging from the clump. The monthly yield per hectare was estimated from August 2016 to July 2018. During this period, the average number of floral stems produced per clump was determined, and the floral stems were characterized during the second year, for stem length, stem diameter, inflorescence length, inflorescence diameter, and fresh stem mass. Evaluations were based on the measurements obtained from 10 stems per clump.
Results: First-year clump expansion rates for 'Red torch' and 'Pink torch' were 4.00 and 7.90 cm2, respectively. 'Pink torch' presented a higher monthly average of tiller emergence than 'Red torch', and consequently higher productivity. The cultivars produced floral stems of commercial standard in the second year of growth, with stem lengths and diameters greater than 60.00 cm and 10.00 mm, respectively. In this study, we found that ‘Red torch’ and ‘Pink torch’ showed high yields and produce inflorescences with characteristics suitable for commercialization.
Conclusion: The basis of this study, we can conclude that cultivation of torch ginger in the Brazilian Cerrado would be viable.
Molecular Computation for Molecular Classification
Authors: Kieffer Coline , Genot Anthony J. , Rondelez Yannick , Gines Guillaume 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDNA as an informational polymer has, for the past 30 years, progressively become an essential molecule to rationally build chemical reaction networks endowed with powerful signal‐processing capabilities. Whether influenced by the silicon world or inspired by natural computation, molecular programming has gained attention for diagnosis applications. Of particular interest for this review, molecular classifiers have shown promising results for disease pattern recognition and sample classification. Because both input integration and computation are performed in a single tube, at the molecular level, this low‐cost approach may come as a complementary tool to molecular profiling strategies, where all biomarkers are quantified independently using high‐tech instrumentation. After introducing the elementary components of molecular classifiers, some of their experimental implementations are discussed either using digital Boolean logic or analog neural network architectures.
Advances in Nerve Injury Models on a Chip
Authors: Lee Donghee , Yang Kai , Xie Jingwei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRegeneration and functional recovery of the damaged nerve are challenging due to the need for effective therapeutic drugs, biomaterials, and approaches. The poor outcome of the treatment of nerve injury stems from the incomplete understanding of axonal biology and interactions between neurons and the surrounding environment, such as glial cells and extracellular matrix. Microfluidic devices, in combination with various injury techniques, have been applied to test biological hypotheses in nerve injury and nerve regeneration. The microfluidic devices provide multiple advantages over the in vitro cell culture on a petri dish and in vivo animal models because a specific part of the neuronal environment can be manipulated using physical and chemical interventions. In addition, single‐cell behavior and interactions between neurons and glial cells can be visualized and quantified on microfluidic platforms. In this article, current in vitro nerve injury models on a chip that mimics in vivo axonal injuries and the regeneration process of axons are summarized. The microfluidic‐based nerve injury models could enhance the understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of nerve tissues and simultaneously serve as powerful drug and biomaterial screening platforms.
Decoding Natural Astrocyte Rhythms: Dynamic Actin Waves Result from Environmental Sensing by Primary Rodent Astrocytes
Authors: O'Neill Kate M. , Saracino Emanuela , Barile Barbara , Mennona Nicholas J. , Mola Maria Grazia , Pathak Spandan , Posati Tamara , Zamboni Roberto , Nicchia Grazia P. , Benfenati Valentina , Losert Wolfgang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAstrocytes are key regulators of brain homeostasis, equilibrating ion, water, and neurotransmitter concentrations and maintaining essential conditions for proper cognitive function. Recently, it has been shown that the excitability of the actin cytoskeleton manifests in second‐scale dynamic fluctuations and acts as a sensor of chemophysical environmental cues. However, it is not known whether the cytoskeleton is excitable in astrocytes and how the homeostatic function of astrocytes is linked to the dynamics of the cytoskeleton. Here it is shown that homeostatic regulation involves the excitable dynamics of actin in certain subcellular regions of astrocytes, especially near the cell boundary. The results further indicate that actin dynamics concentrate into “hotspot” regions that selectively respond to certain chemophysical stimuli, specifically the homeostatic challenges of ion or water concentration increases. Substrate topography makes the actin dynamics of astrocytes weaker. Super‐resolution images demonstrate that surface topography is also associated with the predominant perpendicular alignment of actin filaments near the cell boundary, whereas flat substrates result in an actin cortex mainly parallel to the cell boundary. Additionally, coculture with neurons increases both the probability of actin dynamics and the strength of hotspots. The excitable systems character of actin thus makes astrocytes direct participants in neural cell network dynamics.
Self‐Assembled Tent‐Like Nanocavities for Space‐Confined Stable Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Zhang Nannan , Du Lulu , Zhang Jianyong , Xu Hantao , Zhou Xuan , Mai Liqiang , Xu Lin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLithium metal is considered as a promising anode for its high energy density and low redox potential. However, dendrite growth and electrolyte‐lithium reaction lead to poor cycling stability of lithium anodes. Herein, a space‐confined strategy is proposed to realize stable Li metal anode by constructing a nonplanar interface with flexible tent‐like nanocavities. The tent‐like interface is achieved through the self‐assembly of graphene oxide on zinc nanosheets, accompanied by the spontaneous formation of ZnOC bond. Remarkably, the ZnOC bond immobilizes the graphene oxide layer to ensure tent‐like structural integrity, and shows excellent lithophilicity to induce homogeneous lithium deposition within nanocavities. Furthermore, the process of Li plating/stripping is confined inside tent‐like nanocavities to effectively decrease electrolyte content contact with fresh Li, which reduces hazardous electrolyte‐lithium reaction and thus eliminates continuous consumption of Li metal. Consequently, the symmetrical cells with the tent‐like interface deliver excellent long cycling performance over 1600 h at 1 mA cm−2, and full batteries show high‐capacity retention of 94.6% after 3000 cycles at 5 C. This strategy provides a unique flexible tent‐like interface to achieve stable lithium metal anode.
3D Laser Nanoprinting of Functional Materials
Authors: Liu Shao‐Feng , Hou Zheng‐Wei , Lin Linhan , Li Zhengcao , Sun Hong‐Bo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract3D laser nanoprinting represents a revolutionary manufacturing approach as it allows maskless fabrication of 3D nanostructures at a resolution beyond the optical diffraction limit. Specifically, it endows the printed structures novel physical, chemical, or mechanical properties not observed at macroscopic scale. However, 3D laser nanoprinting typically relies on the photopolymerization process, indicating its limitation on the printable materials and functionalities. The capability to print diverse functional materials beyond polymer will enable a lot of new device applications in nanophotonics, microelectronics, and so on. One of the strategies is to use the 3D‐printed polymer structures as skeletons for functional material deposition, while another is to mix the functional components with the photocurable molecules and print the nanocomposites. More recently, several laser nanoprinting techniques beyond photopolymerization are also developed. In this review, the cutting‐edge technical innovation is summarized and a couple of examples are highlighted showing exciting applications of the printed structures in magnetic microrobots, photonics, and optoelectronics. Finally, the vision for existing challenges and future development in this field is shared.
Synergistic Dielectric–Magnetic Enhancement via Phase‐Evolution Engineering and Dynamic Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Liu Panbo , Zhang Guozheng , Xu Hanxiao , Cheng Shuaici , Huang Ying , Ouyang Bo , Qian Yuetong , Zhang Ruixuan , Che Renchao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDielectric polarization and magnetic resonance associated with intrinsic constituent and extrinsic structure are two kinds of fundamental attenuation mechanisms for microwave absorbers, but remain extremely challenging in revealing the composition‐morphology‐performance correlation. Herein, hierarchical MXene/metal‐organic framework derivatives with coherent boundaries and magnetic units below critical grain size are constructed to realize synergistic dielectric–magnetic enhancement by phase‐evolution engineering and dynamic magnetic resonance. Specifically, phase‐evolution induced inseparable interfaces, diverse incompatible phases, and defects/vacancies contribute to dielectric polarization, while closely distributed magnetic units simultaneously realize nanoscale multi‐domain coupling and long‐range magnetic interaction. As results, the hierarchical derivatives promise an exceptional reflection loss of −59.5 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.1 GHz. Both experimental results and theoretical calculations indicate that phase‐evolution engineering and dynamic magnetic resonance maximize the absorption capability and demonstrate a versatile methodology for manipulating microwave attenuation. More importantly, the proposed multi‐domain coupling and long‐range magnetic interaction theories innovatively offer dynamic magnetic resonance mechanism for magnetic loss within critical grain size.
Highly Stable and Active Flexible Electrocatalysts Derived from Lotus Fibers
Authors: Liu Zhen , Wang Xuxu , Guo Rui , Richardson Joseph J. , Wang Tianzheng , Xu Weijian , Caruso Frank , Pan Shuaijun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe stability and activity of electrocatalysts are fundamental in energy‐related applications (e.g., hydrogen generation and energy storage). Electrocatalysts degrade over time when the active centers are not strongly anchored to the support. However, if the active centers are too strongly anchored, the activity of the electrocatalysts decreases due to reduced accessibility to reactants. Herein, a strategy is presented to balance the stability and activity of different active materials using a natural and flexible support material that can be woven and carbonized. Lotus fibers, which have surface hydroxyl and phenolic groups, high mechanical strength, and a mesoscale porosity post‐pyrolysis, are used to load diverse functional metal‐containing materials such as metal–organic frameworks, 2D materials, metal sulfide nanoparticles, metal ions, and high‐entropy alloys. After pyrolysis, the electrocatalysts display flexibility, high catalytic performance, and long‐term stability, outperforming commercial benchmarks (e.g., Pt/C) in specific scenarios for water splitting, liquid batteries, and flexible electronics.
Mechanically Robust and Transparent Organohydrogel‐Based E‐Skin Nanoengineered from Natural Skin
Authors: Bai Zhongxue , Wang Xuechuan , Zheng Manhui , Yue Ouyang , Huang Mengchen , Zou Xiaoliang , Cui Boqiang , Xie Long , Dong Shuyin , Shang Jiaojiao , Gong Guidong , Blocki Anna M. , Guo Junling , Liu Xinhua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectronic skins (e‐skins), which are mechanically compliant with human skin, are regarded as ideal electronic devices for noninvasive human–machine interaction and wearable devices. In order to fully mimic human skin, e‐skins should possess reliable mechanical properties and be able to resist external environmental factors like heat, cold, desiccation, and bacteria, while perceiving multiple external stimuli, such as temperature, humidity, and strain. Here, a transparent, mechanically robust, environmentally stable, versatile natural skin‐derived organohydrogel (NSD‐Gel) is nanoengineered through the integration of betaine, silver nanoparticles, and sodium chloride in a glycerol/water binary solvent. The transparent NSD‐Gel e‐skin exhibits outstanding tensile strength (7.33 MPa), puncture resistance, moisture retention, self‐regeneration, and antibacterial properties. Additionally, the NSD‐Gel e‐skin possesses enhanced cold/heat resistance and stimuli‐responsive characteristics that effectively sense environmental temperature and humidity changes, as well as physiological human body motion signals. In vitro and in vivo experiments show that the NSD‐Gel e‐skin confers desired biocompatibility and tissue protective properties even in extremely harsh environments (−196 °C to 100 °C). The NSD‐Gel e‐skin has great potential for applications in multidimensional wearable electronic devices, human‐machine interfaces, and artificial intelligence, generating a versatile platform for the development of high‐performance e‐skins with on‐demand properties.
Semiconducting Quantum Dots for Energy Conversion and Storage
Authors: Yu Yutang , Ma Tianyi , Huang Hongwei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSemiconducting quantum dots (QDs) have received huge attention for energy conversion and storage due to their unique characteristics, such as quantum size effect, multiple exciton generation effect, large surface‐to‐volume ratio, high density of active sites, and so on. However, the holistic and systematic understanding of the energy conversion and storage mechanism centering on QDs in specific application is still lacking. Herein, a comprehensive introduction of these extraordinary 0D materials, e.g., metal oxide, metal dichalcogenide, metal halides, multinary oxides, and nonmetal QDs, is presented. It starts with the synthetic strategies and unique properties of QDs. Highlights are focused on the rational design and development of advanced QDs‐based materials for the various applications in energy‐related fields, including photocatalytic H2 production, photocatalytic CO2 reduction, photocatalytic N2 reduction, electrocatalytic H2 evolution, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction, electrocatalytic N2 fixation, electrocatalytic O2 evolution, electrocatalytic O2 reduction, solar cells, metal‐ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, metal–air batteries, and supercapacitors. At last, challenges and perspectives of semiconducting QDs for energy conversion and storage are detailedly proposed.
GelMA and Biomimetic Culture Allow the Engineering of Mineralized, Adipose, and Tumor Tissue Human Microenvironments for the Study of Advanced Prostate Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Bessot Agathe , Gunter Jennifer , Waugh David , Clements Judith A. , Hutmacher Dietmar W. , McGovern Jacqui , Bock Nathalie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIncreasing evidence shows bone marrow (BM)‐adipocytes as a potentially important contributor in prostate cancer (PCa) bone metastases. However, a lack of relevant models has prevented the full understanding of the effects of human BM‐adipocytes in this microenvironment. It is hypothesized that the combination of tunable gelatin methacrylamide (GelMA)‐based hydrogels with the biomimetic culture of human cells would offer a versatile 3D platform to engineer human bone tumor microenvironments containing BM‐adipocytes. Human osteoprogenitors, adipocytes, and PCa cells are individually cultured in vitro in GelMA hydrogels, leading to mineralized, adipose, and PCa tumor 3D microtissues, respectively. Osteoblast mineralization and tumor spheroid formation are tailored by hydrogel stiffness with lower stiffnesses correlating with increased mineralization and tumor spheroid size. Upon coculture with tumor cells, BM‐adipocytes undergo morphological changes and delipidation, suggesting reciprocal interactions between the cell types. When brought in vivo, the mineralized and adipose microtissues successfully form a humanized fatty bone microenvironment, presenting, for the first time, with human adipocytes. Using this model, an increase in tumor burden is observed when human adipocytes are present, suggesting that adipocytes support early bone tumor growth. The advanced platform presented here combines natural aspects of the microenvironment with tunable properties useful for bone tumor research.