bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Resolution Electrochemical Imaging for Sulfur Vacancies on 2D Molybdenum Disulfide
Authors: Gu Chaoqun , Sun Tong , Wang Zhenyu , Jiang Sisi , Wang Zonghua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is considered as one of the most promising non‐noble‐metal catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). To achieve practical application, introducing sulfur (S) vacancies on the inert basal plane of MoS2 is a widely accepted strategy to improve its HER activity. However, probing active sites at the nanoscale and quantitatively analyzing the related electrocatalytic activity in electrolyte aqueous solution are still great challenges. In this work, utilizing high‐resolution scanning electrochemical microscopy, optimized electrodes and newly designed thermal drift calibration software, the HER activity of the S vacancies on an MoS2 inert surface is in situ imaged with less than 20‐nm‐radius sensitivity and the HER kinetic data for S vacancies, including Tafel plot and onset potential, are quantitatively measured. Additionally, the stability of S vacancies over the wide range of pH 0−13 is investigated. This study provides a viable strategy for obtaining the catalytic kinetics of nanoscale active sites on structurally complex electrocatalysts and evaluating the stability of defects in different environments for 2D material‐based catalysts.
An onion with layers of hope and fear: A cross‐case analysis of the media representation of Tor Network reflecting theoretical perspectives of new technologies
Authors: Sardá Thais 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Onion Router (Tor) is a sophisticated web browser accompanied by an encrypted network that enables online anonymity, protecting people's privacy. Adopted by many as a counter‐surveillance mitigation around the world, legitimate users of Tor include the military, journalists, whistle‐blowers, and citizens from authoritarian regimes. This article shows that the data protection offered by Tor is consistently associated to criminal and anti‐social uses by the media. This research looks at the British press representation of Tor conducting a thematic analysis of articles published by six newspapers between 2008 and 2017. This analysis connects the press coverage to three theoretical approaches: moral panics, technological ambivalence, and liberation technology. This research demonstrates through three case studies that the media reproduces theoretical discussions about new technologies on Tor's portrayal, presenting cases with only positive, only negatives and both positive and negative uses. However, examples of optimistic views of Tor are rare, and the press coverage focuses mainly on the criminal uses, especially crypto markets and child pornography. Overall, the British press ignores a culture of surveillance and spreads a discourse of fear through a recurrent connection of Tor to horrifying uses, undermining any potential positive outcomes.
Small area prediction of seat‐belt use rates using a Bayesian hierarchical unit‐level Poisson model with multivariate random effects
Authors: Berg Emily 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThe Iowa Seat‐Belt Use Survey is an annual survey designed to provide estimates of seat‐belt use rates for the state of Iowa in the United States. A desire for county level (substate) estimates motivates the need for small area estimation. Developing a small area model for the seat‐belt survey data is challenging for two mean reasons. First, the data consist of multivariate counts. Second, the same sampling units are observed for five different time points. An appropriate model should reflect multivariate dependencies and the longitudinal data structure. We address these challenges though a unit‐level Bayesian hierarchical model. The observed counts have Poisson distributions. Latent random effects capture multivariate associations and correlations among the observations for the same sampling unit observed at different time points. We employ the posterior predictive distribution for model comparisons. Using the selected model, we construct small area predictors of two measures of seat‐belt use at the county level for 5 years.
Urogenital fistula associated with complex dystocia and emergency ovariohysterectomy in a juvenile dog
Authors: Cook Audrey K. , Buono Agostino , Hervey Michelle , Thieman‐Mankin Kelley 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA 1‐year‐old, female, spayed dog was referred for urinary incontinence, first noted after a complex dystocia and caesarean section with ovariohysterectomy. Transabdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography with intravenous contrast administration revealed a fluid‐filled tubular structure caudodorsal to the urinary bladder. Routine cystourethroscopy was unremarkable. A retrograde cystourethrogram revealed a 15 mm long connection between the urethra and a structure presumed to be a uterine body remnant. During exploratory laparotomy, the uterine remnant and urethra were separated, leaving oval defects approximately 15 mm long in both; these were then closed. A urinary catheter was left in place for 6 days. A urethrogram performed during catheter removal confirmed closure of the fistula, and the dog was subsequently continent. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first description of a urogenital fistula suspected to be associated with dystocia and emergency ovariohysterectomy in a dog.
Synthesis and crystal growth of novel layered bismuthides ATM2Bi2 (A=K, Rb, Cs; TM=Zn, Cd), electron‐deficient compounds with the ThCr2Si2 structure
Authors: Shilov Andrey I. , Pervakov Kirill S. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Vlasenko Vladimir A. , Efremov Dmitri V. , Aswartham Saicharan , Simonov Sergey V. , Morozov Igor V. , Shevelkov Andrei V. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe report crystal growth and characterization of 4 new ternary layered bismuthides with compositions KZn2Bi2 (I), RbZn2Bi2 (II), RbCd2Bi2 (III), and CsCd2Bi2 (IV) that belong to the vast 122 family of compounds. Single crystals were grown by self‐flux technique and characterized by a combination of powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. All new compounds crystallize in the layered ThCr2Si2 structure type and exhibit the plate‐like morphology with weak bonding between layers. A significant structural difference between ACd2Bi2 and AZn2Bi2 is found and discussed.
Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Security: Concept, Datasets and Opportunities for Computational Social Science Applications
Authors: Amjath-Babu T. S. , Riadura Santiago Lopez , Krupnik Timothy J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEnsuring food and nutritional security requires effective policy actions that consider the multitude of direct and indirect drivers. The limitations of data and tools to unravel complex impact pathways to nutritional outcomes have constrained efficient policy actions in both developed and developing countries. Novel digital data sources and innovations in computational social science have resulted in new opportunities for understanding complex challenges and deriving policy outcomes. The current chapter discusses the major issues in the agriculture and nutrition data interface and provides a conceptual overview of analytical possibilities for deriving policy insights. The chapter also discusses emerging digital data sources, modelling approaches, machine learning and deep learning techniques that can potentially revolutionize the analysis and interpretation of nutritional outcomes in relation to food production, supply chains, food environment, individual behaviour and external drivers. An integrated data platform for digital diet data and nutritional information is required for realizing the presented possibilities.
Changing Job Skills in a Changing World
Authors: Napierala Joanna , Kvetan Vladimir 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDigitalization, automation, robotization and green transition are key current drivers changing the labour markets and the structure of skills needed to perform tasks within jobs. Mitigating skills shortages in this dynamic world requires an adequate response from key stakeholders. However, recommendations derived from the traditional data sources, which lack granularity or are available with a significant time lag, may not address the emerging issues rightly. At the same time, society’s increasing reliance on the use of the Internet for day-to-day needs, including the way individuals search for a job and match with employers, generates a considerable amount of timely and high granularity data. Analysing such nontraditional data as content of online job advertisements may help understand emerging issues across sectors and regions and allow policy makers to act accordingly. In this chapter, we are drawing on experience setting the Cedefop project based on big data and presenting examples of other numerous research projects to confirm the potential of using nontraditional sources of information in addressing a variety of research questions related to the topic of changing skills in a changing world.
Leveraging Digital and Computational Demography for Policy Insights
Authors: Kashyap Ridhi , Zagheni Emilio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSituated at the intersection of the computational and demographic sciences, digital and computational demography explores how new digital data streams and computational methods advance the understanding of population dynamics, along with the impacts of digital technologies on population outcomes, e.g. linked to health, fertility and migration. Encompassing the data, methodological and social impacts of digital technologies, we outline key opportunities provided by digital and computational demography for generating policy insights. Within methodological opportunities, individual-level simulation approaches, such as microsimulation and agent-based modelling, infused with different data, provide tools to create empirically informed synthetic populations that can serve as virtual laboratories to test the impact of different social policies (e.g. fertility policies, support for the elderly or bereaved people). Individual-level simulation approaches allow also to assess policy-relevant questions about the impacts of demographic changes linked to ageing, climate change and migration. Within data opportunities, digital trace data provide a system for early warning with detailed spatial and temporal granularity, which are useful to monitor demographic quantities in real time or for understanding societal responses to demographic change. The demographic perspective highlights the importance of understanding population heterogeneity in the use and impacts of different types of digital technologies, which is crucial towards building more inclusive digital spaces.
Computational Social Science for the Public Good: Towards a Taxonomy of Governance and Policy Challenges
Authors: Verhulst Stefaan Gerard 
Published: January 2023

AbstractComputational Social Science (CSS) has grown exponentially as the process of datafication and computation has increased. This expansion, however, is yet to translate into effective actions to strengthen public good in the form of policy insights and interventions. This chapter presents 20 limiting factors in how data is accessed and analysed in the field of CSS. The challenges are grouped into the following six categories based on their area of direct impact: Data Ecosystem, Data Governance, Research Design, Computational Structures and Processes, the Scientific Ecosystem, and Societal Impact. Through this chapter, we seek to construct a taxonomy of CSS governance and policy challenges. By first identifying the problems, we can then move to effectively address them through research, funding, and governance agendas that drive stronger outcomes.
Social Media Contribution to the Crisis Management Processes: Towards a More Accurate Response Integrating Citizen-Generated Content and Citizen-Led Activities
Authors: Rizza Caroline 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe two policy questions addressed in this chapter cover the whole crisis management cycle from the response and recovery to prevention and preparedness. They consider both the benefit of using citizen-generated content and the challenges of integrating citizen-led initiatives in the response. On the one hand, focusing on data allows interrogating the IT methods available to collect, process and deliver relevant information to support decision-making and response engagement. On the other hand, considering citizens’ contribution and initiatives to the crisis management processes and response requires working on organizational and collaborative processes from local, regional, national or transnational levels. This chapter frames an up-do-date state of the art on the questions of citizens’ generated content and led initiatives for crisis management and response, and it proposes directions to policy makers to that respect. It places the question of mutual trust between institutions and citizens as a key problematic in a hybrid world where mediated communication and interactions with citizens required new and adapted practices from professionals of crisis management.
The Empirical Study of Human Mobility: Potentials and Pitfalls of Using Traditional and Digital Data
Authors: Recchi Ettore , Tittel Katharina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe digitization of human mobility research data and methods can temper some shortcomings of traditional approaches, particularly when more detailed or timelier data is needed to better address policy issues. We critically review the capacity of non-traditional data sources in terms of accessibility, availability, populations covered, geographical scope, representativeness bias and sensitivity, with special regard to policy purposes. We highlight how digital traces about human mobility can assist policy-making in relation to issues such as health or the environment differently to migration policy, where digital data can lead to stereotyped categorizations, unless analysis is carefully tailored to account for people’s real needs. In a world where people move for myriad reasons and these reasons may vary quickly without being incorporated in digital traces, we encourage researchers to constantly assess if what is being measured reflects the social phenomenon that the measurement is intended to capture and avoids rendering people visible in ways that are damaging to their rights and freedoms.
Data and Modelling for the Territorial Impact Assessment (TIA) of Policies
Authors: Medeiros Eduardo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTerritorial Impact Assessment (TIA) is still a ‘new kid on the block’ on the panorama of policy evaluation methodologies. In synthesis, TIA methodologies are thematically holistic and multi-dimensional and require the analysis of a wide pool of data, not only of economic character but also related with social, environmental, governance and planning processes, in all territorial scales. For that, TIA requires a wealth of comparable and updated territorialised data. Here, data availability is often scarce in many of the selected analytic dimensions and respective components, to assess territorial impacts in a given territory, in particular in the domains of governance, planning and environment. In this context, this chapter presents a list of non-traditional potential indicators which can be used in existing TIA methodologies. Moreover, the analysis was able to show how important can be the use of non-traditional data, to complement mainstream statistical indicators associated with socioeconomic development trends. However, for the interested scientist, the dispersal of existing non-traditional data per a multitude of sources can pose a huge challenge. Hence the need of an online platform which centralises and updates non-traditional data for the use of all interested in implementing TIA methodologies.
High-temperature failure and microstructural investigation of wire-arc additive manufactured Rene 41
Authors: James William Sean , Ganguly Supriyo , Pardal Goncalo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In developing a wire-arc plasma direct energy deposition process for creep-resistant alloys used in high-speed flight applications, structures were built from nickel-based superalloy Rene 41. Samples of additive manufacturing (AM) material were analysed for their microstructural and mechanical properties, in both as-deposited (AD) and heat-treated (HT) conditions. Tensile specimens were tested at room temperature, 538, 760, and 1000 °C. Macroscopically, large columnar grains made up of a typical dendritic structure were observed. Microscopically, significant segregation of heavier elements, grain boundary precipitates, and secondary phases were observed, with key differences observed in HT material. There was a clear distinction between failure modes at different testing temperatures and between AD and HT variants. A fractographic investigation found a progressive move from brittle to ductile fracture with increasing testing temperature in both AD and HT conditions, as well as microstructural features which support this observation.
Character bounds for regular semisimple elements and asymptotic results on Thompson’s conjecture
Authors: Larsen Michael , Taylor Jay , Tiep Pham Huu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFor every integerkthere exists a bound$$B=B(k)$$B=B(k)such that if the characteristic polynomial of$$g\in \textrm{SL}_n(q)$$g∈SLn(q)is the product of$$\le k$$≤kpairwise distinct monic irreducible polynomials over$$\mathbb {F}_q$$Fq, then every elementxof$$\textrm{SL}_n(q)$$SLn(q)of support at leastBis the product of two conjugates ofg. We prove this and analogous results for the other classical groups over finite fields; in the orthogonal and symplectic cases, the result is slightly weaker. With finitely many exceptions (p, q), in the special case that$$n=p$$n=pis prime, ifghas order$$\frac{q^p-1}{q-1}$$qp-1q-1, then every non-scalar element$$x \in \textrm{SL}_p(q)$$x∈SLp(q)is the product of two conjugates ofg. The proofs use the Frobenius formula together with upper bounds for values of unipotent and quadratic unipotent characters in finite classical groups.
Deliberate Compensated Vasoplegia–A Novel Pharmaceutical Approach for Controlling Blood Pressure During Surgery for Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Mazeh Haggi , Weiss Daniel , Peter Michael , Grozinsky‐Glasberg Simona , Oleinikov Kira , Szalat Auryan , Ronen Ariel , Koganov Evgeny 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe most dreaded adverse event of pheochromocytoma surgery is operative severe blood pressure fluctuations. Preoperative protocols with alpha‐blockade have achieved controversial results. No study to date evaluated the use of operative protocols in pheochromocytoma patients. Deliberated compensated vasoplegia (DCV) is a novel pharmaceutical regimen developed at our institution to decrease severe hypertensive events. The aim of this study is to compare outcomes of pheochromocytoma resection with and without DCV protocol.
MethodsA retrospective analysis of all pheochromocytoma resections between the years 2012 and 2021 was performed. Resections performed with and without DCV protocol were compared. The primary outcome measured was the incidence of severe hypertension (MAP > 150 mmHg) during surgery. Secondary outcomes included other abnormal blood pressure measurements as well as perioperative data and complications.ResultsA total of 41 resections were included, 21 performed under DCV protocol, and 20 without the protocol. Analysis demonstrated no significant difference in preoperative parameters including tumor size, catecholamine levels, and preoperative alpha‐blockade protocol. The use of DCV protocol resulted in significant decrease in severe hypertension incidence from 1.95 ± 3.6 to 0.03 ± 0.13 events/h, p = 0.008. Application of the DCV protocol was not associated with any other adverse events.ConclusionsThis study suggests that DCV anesthesia protocol significantly decreases the incidence of severe hypertensive episodes during pheochromocytoma resection. This is the first study that describes a highly effective protocol for controlling hypertension in pheochromocytoma patients.
Einfluss von aktiven Übungsprogrammen und Aufbissschienen auf die kraniomandibuläre Dysfunktion
Authors: Zerkhold Verena , Taxer Bernhard , Sammer Andreas 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Rund 40 % der Weltbevölkerung sind von einer kraniomandibulären Dysfunktion (CMD) betroffen. Diese äußert sich durch Schmerzen, Bewegungseinschränkungen und/oder Kiefergelenkgeräusche und wird durch die große Varianz an Symptomen meist erst spät diagnostiziert und behandelt. Nicht selten kommt es zu Einschränkungen der Lebensqualität der Betroffenen. In der Behandlung der CMD spielen Physiotherapie und Schienenversorgung eine wichtige Rolle.

Ziel
Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Auswirkungen von Heimübungsprogrammen (HÜs) und Schienentherapie (ST) auf die Hauptsymptome der CMD zu klären. Es soll herausgefunden werden, ob eine Kombination der beiden Therapien einen therapeutischen Mehrwert darstellt.

Material und Methoden
Mittels Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken PubMed, PEDro und Cochrane wurden Studien recherchiert und nach Durchsicht adäquater Abstracts die Volltexte zusammengefasst und kritisch diskutiert.

Ergebnisse
Sowohl HÜs als auch ST führen zu einer Verbesserung der beschriebenen Symptome und der Lebensqualität. Bei myogener CMD zeigen HÜs einen besseren Therapieeffekt auf die Kiefergelenkbeweglichkeit. Bei der Diagnose Diskusverlagerung mit Reposition waren im Gegensatz dazu keine deutlichen Therapieerfolge feststellbar. In keiner der analysierten Studien ergab eine Kombination der beiden Interventionen einen Mehrwert. Bei der Analyse der Lebensqualität war die Vergleichbarkeit aufgrund unterschiedlicher und nicht optimaler Fragebögen nur beschränkt möglich. Vergleicht man die Ergebnisse der durchgeführten Maßnahmen in Bezug auf die Interventionsdauer, ließ sich feststellen, dass zu Beginn der Therapien bessere Ergebnisse erzielt wurden als nach längerer Behandlungszeit. Auch die Dropout-Raten nahmen bei längeren Follow-up-Zeiten zu.

Schlussfolgerungen
Eine individuelle Anpassung der HÜs fördert die Compliance und Therapieadhärenz. Aufgrund der aktuellen Studienlage wird davon ausgegangen, dass sowohl HÜs als auch ST angemessene Methoden darstellen, um Schmerzen und Kiefergelenkgeräusche zu reduzieren und eine Verbesserung der Kiefergelenkbeweglichkeit und Lebensqualität zu erzielen. Bei myogener CMD stellen HÜs eine adäquate, kostengünstige Alternative zur ST dar. Weitere Forschung ist notwendig, um die genaue Therapiewirkung auf die verschiedenen Diagnosegruppen zu analysieren. Bezüglich der Lebensqualität sind weitere Analysen mit adäquaten Fragebögen notwendig.
GriDConv – control, design, and experimental verification of a lab-scale high-voltage DC-DC converter
Authors: Riegler Benedikt , Krischan Klaus , Hartmann Michael , Reichhartinger Markus 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe advent of the Modular Multilevel Converter technology allows building multi-terminal high-voltage DC grids. In order to interconnect DC grids with different voltage levels, highly efficient and compact high-voltage DC-DC (HVDC) converters are required. This paper presents the control and design of a transformerless high-voltage DC-DC converter, which has been designed and built within the framework of the research project GriDConv at the Graz University of Technology. The converter basically consists of high-voltage half-bridges in combination with a series of submodules with full-bridge technology. A dedicated control strategy for the converter is developed, which allows advantageous soft switching of the high-voltage half-bridges, which considerably reduces switching losses of the half-bridges. In addition, a balancing strategy for the individual cell voltages as well as a control of total cell voltage are presented. The developed control strategies are discussed in detail and, in the end, verified through experiments on a constructed $$50\,\text{k}\text{W}$$

50

kW

lab-scale hardware demonstrator.