bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A geometrical perspective on development
Authors: Raju Archishman , Siggia Eric D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCell fate decisions emerge as a consequence of a complex set of gene regulatory networks. Models of these networks are known to have more parameters than data can determine. Recent work, inspired by Waddington's metaphor of a landscape, has instead tried to understand the geometry of gene regulatory networks. Here, we describe recent results on the appropriate mathematical framework for constructing these landscapes. This allows the construction of minimally parameterized models consistent with cell behavior. We review existing examples where geometrical models have been used to fit experimental data on cell fate and describe how spatial interactions between cells can be understood geometrically.
Sources of Inaccuracy in Boron Isotope Measurement Using LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS
Authors: Fietzke Jan , Anagnostou Eleni 
Published: May 2023

Laser ablation multi‐collector‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS) has become a valuable tool for the in situ measurement of the boron isotope composition of geological samples at high (tens to hundreds of μm) spatial resolution. That said, this application suffers from significant analytical challenges. We focus in this study on the underlying processes of two of the main causes for inaccuracies using this technique. We provide empirical evidence that not only Ca ions (Sadekov et al. 2019, Standish et al. 2019, Evans et al. 2021) but also Ar ions, that are reflected within the flight tube of the mass spectrometer, are the source for previously reported issues with spectral baselines. We also address the impact of plasma conditions on the instrumental mass fractionation as a source for matrix‐ and mass‐load‐related analytical biases. Comparing experimental data with the results of a dedicated release and diffusion model (RDM) we estimate that a close to complete (~ 97%) release of boron from the sample aerosol is needed to allow for consistently accurate LA boron isotope measurement results without the need for corrections.
Medical students and residents appreciate ebooks’ convenience, but prefer the print book reading experience
Authors: Watson Erin M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundIncreasingly, libraries buy medical monographs as ebooks, but that may not be what medical students and residents want. Some studies have shown that they prefer print books for some types of reading. On the other hand, for participants in distributed medical programs, ebooks are more accessible.ObjectivesTo determine whether medical students and residents at an institution with a distributed medical education program prefer medical ebooks or print books.MethodsIn February 2019, 844 medical students and residents were invited to complete an online questionnaire on their format preferences.ResultsTwo hundred thirty‐two students and residents responded. Most preferred electronic format for reading a few pages, but print for entire books. Respondents preferred ebooks because they were immediately available, searchable and could be used on the go, and print books because they strained users' eyes less, facilitated absorption of the text and could be held in users’ hands. The location of respondents and year of study had little effect on responses.DiscussionLibraries should consider buying quick reference and large, heavy textbooks as ebooks and pocket‐sized or shorter, single‐topic titles, in print format.ConclusionsLibraries have a responsibility to make both print and ebooks available to their users.
Clinical applications of gene therapy for rare diseases: A review
Authors: Papaioannou Ioannis , Owen James S. , Yáñez‐Muñoz Rafael J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRare diseases collectively exact a high toll on society due to their sheer number and overall prevalence. Their heterogeneity, diversity, and nature pose daunting clinical challenges for both management and treatment. In this review, we discuss recent advances in clinical applications of gene therapy for rare diseases, focusing on a variety of viral and non‐viral strategies. The use of adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vectors is discussed in the context of Luxturna, licenced for the treatment of RPE65 deficiency in the retinal epithelium. Imlygic, a herpes virus vector licenced for the treatment of refractory metastatic melanoma, will be an example of oncolytic vectors developed against rare cancers. Yescarta and Kymriah will showcase the use of retrovirus and lentivirus vectors in the autologous ex vivo production of chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR‐T), licenced for the treatment of refractory leukaemias and lymphomas. Similar retroviral and lentiviral technology can be applied to autologous haematopoietic stem cells, exemplified by Strimvelis and Zynteglo, licenced treatments for adenosine deaminase‐severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA‐SCID) and β‐thalassaemia respectively. Antisense oligonucleotide technologies will be highlighted through Onpattro and Tegsedi, RNA interference drugs licenced for familial transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis, and Spinraza, a splice‐switching treatment for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). An initial comparison of the effectiveness of AAV and oligonucleotide therapies in SMA is possible with Zolgensma, an AAV serotype 9 vector, and Spinraza. Through these examples of marketed gene therapies and gene cell therapies, we will discuss the expanding applications of such novel technologies to previously intractable rare diseases.
Molten salt synthesis and antioxidation property of SiC‐coated mesocarbon microbeads
Authors: Xie Wenqi , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhang Biao , Lin Huaizhi , He Kai , Shi Zhongqi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMesocarbon microbead (MCMB) is a prospective candidate as the raw material for nuclear graphite. However, the poor resistance to high‐temperature oxidation limits its application. Herein, a dense SiC coating was prepared by molten salt synthesis on the surface of MCMB to improve its antioxidation performance. The effect of molten salt synthesis reaction time on the phase composition, microstructure, and antioxidation performance of the SiC‐coated MCMB particles was investigated. A theoretical model was established to explain the SiC coating growth rule well, in conformity with the carbon vacancy diffusion mechanism in SiC coating. The SiC coating synthesized for 7 h with the thickness of .385 µm remarkably promoted the high‐temperature antioxidation property of MCMB. The kinetics analysis indicated that the SiC coating obstructed the oxygen diffusion effectively during the oxidation process. The as‐fabricated SiC‐coated MCMBs with good oxidation resistance show great promise for application in nuclear industry and other antioxidative fields.
MASSIVE SCROTAL HAEMATOMA: A COMPLICATION OF PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL ANGIOPLASTY
Authors: Shah J , Middleton S , Derodra J 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYScrotal haematoma is an unusual complication following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. It carries significant morbidity and causes extreme discomfort to the patient. We describe the case of a 75‐year‐old diabetic man who developed this complication. Recommendations are made for investigation and management of this problem, which is so infrequently encountered in clinical practice.
SAUSAGE ASPHYXIA
Authors: Enwo ON , Wright M 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYA foreign body causing obstruction of the larynx is usually removed by coughing, blows to the back, chest thrusts, abdominal compression or finger sweep manoeuvres on the unconscious victim. In extremis, crichothyroidotomy or emergency tracheostomy may be the only life‐saving option. Direct laryngoscopy may permit the removal of a foreign body from the larynx of an unconscious victim. Problems arise if the victim is semiconscious and not able to tolerate instruments in the mouth without sedative medication, which might result in the inhalation of the foreign body. A case of supraglottic impaction of the larynx by a piece of sausage occurred in our hospital; the patient was semiconscious. It was managed successfully by a carefully timed laryngoscope blade being inserted into the mouth without the aid of sedative drugs.
TRUE ANEURYSM OF A FEMOROPOPLITEAL VEIN GRAFT
Authors: Bohra AK , Doyle T , Harvey C 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYAneurysmal dilatation of saphenous vein grafts mostly represent thin‐walled pseudoaneurysms at anastomotic sites. True aneurysmal dilatation of femoropopliteal bypass vein grafts is rare. We report this unusual case, which was repaired with a prosthetic graft.
Financial Expectations and Household Consumption: Does Middle‐Inflation Matter?
Authors: BROWN SARAH , HARRIS MARK N. , SPENCER CHRISTOPHER , TAYLOR KARL 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe explore the finding that households often expect their financial position to remain unchanged compared to other alternatives. A generalized middle inflated ordered probit (GMIOP) model is used to account for the tendency of individuals to choose “neutral” responses when faced with opinion‐based questions. Our analysis supports the use of a GMIOP model to account for this response pattern. Expectation indices based on competing discrete choice models are also explored. While financial optimism is significantly associated with increased consumption at both the intensive and extensive margin, indices which fail to take into account middle‐inflation overestimate the impact of financial expectations.
Effects of melatonin on cardiac metabolic reprogramming in doxorubicin‐induced heart failure rats: A metabolomics study for potential therapeutic targets
Authors: Thonusin Chanisa , Nawara Wichwara , Arinno Apiwan , Khuanjing Thawatchai , Prathumsup Nanthip , Ongnok Benjamin , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. , Chattipakorn Nipon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUsing mass spectrometry‐based targeted metabolomics, we aimed to determine the pattern of cardiac metabolic reprogramming and energetics in doxorubicin‐induced heart failure. More importantly, we aimed to identify the potential effects of melatonin on cardiac metabolic reprogramming and energetics in doxorubicin‐induced heart failure. Male Wistar rats (n = 18) were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6/group) to receive either (1) normal saline solution as a control, (2) 3 mg/kg/day of doxorubicin on Days 0, 4, 8, 15, 22, and 29, or (3) 3 mg/kg/day of doxorubicin on Days 0, 4, 8, 15, 22, and 29 plus 10 mg/kg/day of melatonin on Days 0–29. On Day 30, echocardiography was carried out and heart rate variability was analyzed for the evaluation of cardiac function. The rats were euthanized on the following day to enable the collection of ventricular cardiac tissue. Compared to the control group, the hearts of rats treated with doxorubicin alone exhibited impaired cardiac function, increased glucose and ketone body utilization, decreased fat utilization, decreased succinate oxidation, and decreased production of adenosine triphosphate. The cotreatment with melatonin could restore cardiac function, glucose and ketone body utilization, and adenosine triphosphate production in the heart. Interestingly, the cotreatment with melatonin led to an increase in cardiac fatty acid oxidation, branched‐chain amino acid catabolism, and anaplerosis. All of these findings highlighted the potential efficacy of melatonin with regard to cardiac metabolic reprogramming and energetics. Our findings also suggested that melatonin could be considered as an adjunctive treatment for doxorubicin‐induced heart failure in clinical practice.
Serum cobalamin and methylmalonic acid concentrations in juvenile dogs with parvoviral enteritis or other acute enteropathies
Authors: Hung Michael , Heinz Justin , Steiner Jӧrg M. , Suchodolski Jan , Lidbury Jonathan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundLow serum cobalamin concentrations have been associated with ileal malabsorption in dogs with chronic enteropathy. Increased serum methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations indicate cobalamin deficiency on a cellular level. Few studies have evaluated serum cobalamin concentrations or methylmalonic acid concentrations in juvenile dogs with parvoviral enteritis or nonparvoviral acute enteropathies.ObjectivesEvaluate serum cobalamin and methylmalonic acid concentrations in juvenile dogs (6 weeks to 10 months old) with parvoviral enteritis or nonparvoviral acute enteropathy.AnimalsThirty‐one juvenile dogs with parvoviral enteritis, 29 dogs with nonparvoviral acute diarrhea (NPVAD), and 40 healthy juvenile control dogs.MethodsSingle‐center, prospective, observational, cross‐sectional study. Serum cobalamin and, when sufficient serum was available, MMA concentrations were measured.ResultsMost serum cobalamin concentrations were within the adult reference interval. Serum cobalamin concentrations in healthy dogs (median, 848 ng/L; range, 293‐1912 ng/L) were significantly higher than in dogs with parvoviral enteritis (P = .0002; median, 463 ng/L; range, <150‐10 000 ng/L) or dogs with NPVAD (P = .02; median, 528 ng/L; range, 160‐8998 ng/L). Serum MMA concentrations were not significantly different between groups (healthy dogs: median, 796 nmol/L; range, 427‐1933 nmol/L; parvoviral enteritis: median, 858 nmol/L; range, 554‐3424 nmol/L; NPVAD: median, 764 nmol/L; range, 392‐1222 nmol/L;P = .1).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceJuvenile dogs with parvoviral enteritis or NPVAD had lower serum cobalamin concentrations than healthy juvenile dogs. However, based on serum MMA concentrations cellular cobalamin deficiency was not apparent.
Knowledge production through legal mobilization: Environmental activism against the U.S. military bases in East Asia
Authors: Kim Claudia Junghyun , Arrington Celeste L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere is growing interest in social movement actors as knowledge producers, but many movements have limited ability to access or produce credible, authoritative information. Building on sociolegal scholarship and social movement studies, we show how movements can overcome knowledge gaps they have via-à-vis state authorities and contribute to public knowledge through institutional tactics. We argue that features of theprocessof legal mobilization activate mechanisms that bolster movements' credibility, reveal or generate information, and thereby facilitate social movement knowledge production. We theorize these dynamics by analyzing environmental activism against U.S. military bases in Japan and South Korea, which allows us to leverage most similar legal contexts and types of claims to identify and illustrate the mechanisms.
Mirabegron is better tolerated than solifenacin in Sjogren's syndrome patients with overactive bladder symptoms—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chen Hao Xiang , Chang Shih‐Hsin , Chen Der‐Yuan , Lan Joung‐Liang , Yeo Kai‐Jieh , Huang Po‐Hao , Huang Chung‐Ming , Huang Chi‐Ping , Chou Eric Chieh‐Lung , Wu Po‐Chang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigates the efficacy and adverse events of beta‐3 agonists and antimuscarinic agents for managing overactive bladder syndrome in Sjogren syndrome.MethodsSjogren's syndrome patients with an Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) >5 were enrolled and were randomly assigned to mirabegron 50 mg/day or solifenacin 5 mg/day. Patients were evaluated on the recruitment day and reassessed at Week 1, 2, 4, and 12. The study's primary endpoint was to have a significant change in OABSS at Week 12. The secondary endpoint was the adverse event and crossover rate.ResultsA total of 41 patients were included in the final analysis, with 24 in the mirabegron group and 17 in the solifenacin group. The study's primary outcome was a change of the OABSS at Week 12. We found that both mirabegron and solifenacin significantly reduce patients' OABSS after 12 weeks of treatment. The evolution of the OABSS was −3.08 for mirabegron and −3.71 for solifenacin (p = .56). Six out of 17 patients from the solifenacin group crossed over to the mirabegron arm due to severe dry mouth or constipation, while none from the mirabegron arm crossed over to the solifenacin group. Sjogren's syndrome‐related pain was also improved in the mirabegron group (4.96–1.67, p = .008) compared to the solifenacin group (4.39–3.4, p = .49).ConclusionsOur study showed that mirabegron is equally effective as solifenacin in treating Sjogren's syndrome patients with overactive bladder. Mirabegron is superior to solifenacin in terms of treatment‐related adverse events.
Revisiting the Gow Lake impact structure, Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Osinski Gordon R. , Coulter Adam B. , Flemming Roberta L. , Ozaruk Alexandra , Pickersgill Annemarie E. , Singleton Alaura C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ~5 km diameter Gow Lake impact structure formed in the Canadian Shield of northern Saskatchewan approximately 197 Myr ago. This structure has not been studied in detail since its discovery during a regional gravity survey in the early 1970s. We report here on field observations from a 2011 expedition that, when combined with subsequent laboratory studies, have revealed a wealth of new information about this poorly studied Canadian impact structure. Initially considered to be a prototypical central peak (i.e., a complex) impact structure, our observations demonstrate that Gow Lake is actually a transitional impact structure, making it one of only two identified on Earth. Despite its age, a well‐preserved sequence of crater‐fill impactites is preserved on Calder Island in the middle of Gow Lake. From the base upward, this stratigraphy is parautochthonous target rock, lithic impact breccia, clast‐rich impact melt rock, red clast‐poor impact melt rock, and green clast‐poor impact melt rocks. Discontinuous lenses of impact melt‐bearing breccia also occur near the top of the red impact melt rocks and in the uppermost green impact melt rocks. The vitric particles in these breccias display irregular and contorted outlines. This, together with their setting within crater‐fill melt rocks, is indicative of an origin as flows within the transient cavity and not an airborne mode of origin. Following impact, a hydrothermal system was initiated, which resulted in alteration of the crater‐fill impactites. Major alteration phases are nontronite clay, K‐feldspar, and quartz.
Reconstructing the colonization history of Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in Northwestern Australia
Authors: Wittwer Samuel , Gerber Livia , Allen Simon J. , Willems Erik P. , Marfurt Svenja M. , Krützen Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.) are found in waters around Australia, with T. truncatus typically occupying deeper, more oceanic habitat, while T. aduncus occur in shallower, coastal waters. Little is known about the colonization history of T. aduncus along the Western Australian coastline; however, it has been hypothesized that extant populations are the result of an expansion along the coastline originating from a source in the north of Australia. To investigate the history of coastal T. aduncus populations in the area, we generated a genomic SNP dataset using a double‐digest restriction‐site‐associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing approach. The resulting dataset consisted of 103,201 biallelic SNPs for 112 individuals which were sampled from eleven coastal and two offshore sites between Shark Bay and Cygnet Bay, Western Australia. Our population genomic analyses showed a pattern consistent with the proposed source in the north with significant isolation by distance along the coastline, as well as a reduction in genomic diversity measures along the coastline with Shark Bay showing the most pronounced reduction. Our demographic analysis indicated that the expansion of T. aduncus along the coastline began around the last glacial maximum and progressed southwards with the Shark Bay population being founded only 13 kya. Our results are in line with coastal colonization histories inferred for Tursiops globally, highlighting the ability of delphinids to rapidly colonize novel coastal niches as habitat is released during glacial cycle‐related global sea level and temperature changes.
Physiological changes in advanced Parkinson's disease: Altered motor cortical plasticity and its significance in pathophysiology and clinical symptoms
Authors: Shimizu Takahiro , Hanajima Ritsuko 
Published: May 2023

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra. Dopamine plays an important role in the induction of synaptic plasticity, and plastic changes in the brain have been broadly investigated in PD. In humans, non‐invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been widely used for plasticity induction in the motor cortex. In this review, we will discuss how dopamine receptors are involved in the induction of neuroplasticity, changes in corticostriatal plasticity in PD model animals, effects of dopamine on motor cortical plasticity in healthy humans, changes in motor cortical plasticity in PD patients including its relationship to motor symptoms, and, finally, altered plasticity in levodopa‐induced dyskinesia.
A multifaceted approach to reveal the very‐fine root's response of Fagus sylvatica seedlings to different drought intensities
Authors: Domingo Guido , Vannini Candida , Marsoni Milena , Costantini Elena , Bracale Marcella , Di Iorio Antonino 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHow temperate trees respond to drier summers strongly depends on the drought susceptibility and the starch reserve of the very‐fine roots (<0.5 mm in diameter). We performed morphological, physiological, chemical, and proteomic analyses on very‐fine roots of Fagus sylvatica seedlings grown under moderate‐ and severe drought conditions. Moreover, to reveal the role of the starch reserves, a girdling approach was adopted to interrupt the flux of photosynthates toward the downstream sinks. Results show a seasonal sigmoidal growth pattern without evident mortality under moderate drought. After the severe‐drought period, intact plants showed lower starch concentration and higher growth than those subjected to moderate drought, highlighting that very‐fine roots rely on their starch reserves to resume growth. This behavior caused them to die with the onset of autumn, which was not observed under moderate drought. These findings indicated that extreme dry soil conditions are needed for significant root death in beech seedlings and that mortality mechanisms are defined within individual compartments. The girdling treatment showed that the physiological responses of very‐fine roots to severe drought stress are critically related to the altered load or the reduced transport velocity of the phloem and that the changes in starch allocation critically alter the distribution of biomass. Proteomic evidence revealed that the phloem flux‐dependent response was characterized by the decrease of carbon enzymes and the establishment of mechanisms to avoid the reduction of the osmotic potential. The response independent from the aboveground mainly involved the alteration of primary metabolic processes and cell wall‐related enzymes.