bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trauma-related falls in an urban geriatric population: predictive risk factors for poorer clinical outcomes
Authors: Farrell Alexander , Castro Taylor , Nalubola Shreya , Lakhi Nisha 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to elucidate associations between polypharmacy, types of medications, and geriatric comorbidities to identify predictive risk factors for poorer clinical outcomes following trauma-related falls in the geriatric population. Nearly 80% of trauma-related hospital admissions in the older adult population are secondary to falls, accounting for 3 million emergency department visits annually. Numerous studies have demonstrated associations between falls, polypharmacy, and other geriatric comorbidities, but studies outlining predictive risk factors for poor clinical outcomes are lacking.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of 1087 patients ≥ 65 years old who presented to Level 1 Trauma Center after a trauma-related fall. Comorbidities, current medication, demographic information, and clinical outcomes were identified to ascertain predictive risk factors for poorer clinical outcomes. Variables were assessed for statistical significance on unadjusted analysis. Variables found to be significant were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model to test for adjusted associations, withp < 0.05 as statistically significant, and presented as adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsPolypharmacy ≥ 4 medications (aOR 2.38 (1.10–5.15),p < .028) was an independent predictor of hospital readmission within 30 days. Chronic kidney disease, male gender, and Asian race had an increased association with ICU admission. History of malignancy (aOR 3.65 (1.62–8.19),p < .002) and chronic kidney disease (aOR 2.56 (1.11–5.96),p < .027) were independent predictors of 30-day mortality.ConclusionsPolypharmacy, chronic renal disease, malignancy history, male gender, and Asian race had an increased association of adverse clinical outcomes after falls in the geriatric population. Critical evaluation of patients with these risk factors may be needed to mitigate risk in this population.
Characterized source model of the M7.3 2016 Kumamoto earthquake by the 3D reciprocity GFs inversion with special reference to the velocity pulse at KMMH16
Authors: Petukhin Anatoly , Kawase Hiroshi , Nagashima Fumiaki , Ito Eri 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes caused severe damage centering on the Mashiki residential area. The velocity waveforms at station KMMH16 in Mashiki, during the M7.3 mainshock, show large pulses. We found that severe damage in Mashiki may be the result of the strong westward velocity pulse. The question raised is how the near-fault ground motions with strong velocity pulse at KMMH16 were generated during the mainshock. We focus on the characterized source model with Strong Motion Generation Areas (SMGA). Empirical Green’s function (EGF) method is widely used for source modeling in this case. However, in case that the target site is located just near the fault in nodal plane of source mechanism (like KMMH16), mechanism of the EGF event should perfectly fit mechanism of the mainshock, which is a rare case. Therefore, instead of using EGFs, we used theoretical 3D Green’s functions. Our approach is a nonlinear source inversion. This method requires calculation of waveforms and comparison with observations for many source models. To accelerate these calculations, we use pre-calculated GFs by the reciprocity method in the JIVSM velocity structure model. By comparison with aftershock records, we validated this structure for periods as short as 1.5 s. Target sites are limited to sites close to the fault: KMM005, KMM006, KMMH14, and KMMH16. First, we look for an initial SMGA source model by the grid search method applied to relatively long-period (> 3 s) waveforms and coarse grid of source parameters. Then, we tune that source model to fit observed short-period waveforms with the simplex search method. Necessary physical constraints for the range of the source parameters are applied here. The important point in our inversion scheme is to describe the Kostrov-like slip velocity functions inside each SMGAs by using two triangles. The resulting source model agrees well with other inversion results. We found that the observed westward pulse at KMMH16 is the result of the constructive interference of two pulses from SMGA1 and SMGA2, located in Hinagu fault and southwestern segment of Futagawa fault.
Graphical Abstract
Construction of the genetic switches in response to mannitol based on artificial MtlR box
Authors: Xiao Fengxu , Zhang Yupeng , Zhang Liang , Ding Zhongyang , Shi Guiyang , Li Youran 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSynthetic biology has rapidly advanced from the setup of native genetic devices to the design of artificial elements able to provide organisms with highly controllable functions. In particular, genetic switches are crucial for deploying new layers of regulation into the engineered organisms. While the assembly and mutagenesis of native elements have been extensively studied, limited progress has been made in rational design of genetic switches due to a lack of understanding of the molecular mechanism by which a specific transcription factor interacts with its target gene. Here, a reliable workflow is presented for designing two categories of genetic elements, one is the switch element-MtlR box and the other is the transcriptional regulatory element- catabolite control protein A (CcpA) box. The MtlR box was designed for ON/OFF-state selection and is controlled by mannitol. The rational design of MtlR box-based molecular structures can flexibly tuned the selection of both ON and OFF states with different output switchability in response to varied kind effectors. Different types of CcpA boxes made the switches with more markedly inducer sensitivities. Ultimately, the OFF-state value was reduced by 90.69%, and the maximum change range in the presence of two boxes was 15.31-fold. This study presents a specific design of the switch, in a plug-and-play manner, which has great potential for controlling the flow of the metabolic pathway in synthetic biology.
Graphical Abstract
Surgical classification for large macular hole: based on different surgical techniques results: the CLOSE study group
Authors: Rezende Flavio A. , Ferreira Bruna G. , Rampakakis Emmanouil , Steel David H. , Koss Michael J. , Nawrocka Zofia A. , Bacherini Daniela , Rodrigues Eduardo B. , Meyer Carsten H. , Caporossi Tomaso , Mahmoud Tamer H. , Rizzo Stanislao , Johnson Mark W. , Duker Jay S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The CLOSE study group proposes an updated surgical classification for large macular holes based on a systematic review of new treatments. Recently, many new techniques have been introduced to treat large full-thickness macular holes (FTMH); although the indications are not clear. An updated surgical classification is needed to help surgical decision-making.

Methods
We gathered published series by the CLOSE Study Group members and from literature search until June 2021. Techniques included: internal limiting membrane peeling (ILM peeling), ILM flaps, macular hydrodissection (macular hydro), human amniotic membrane graft (hAM), and autologous retinal transplantation (ART). Within each technique, chi-square test assessed association between the minimal linear diameter (MLD) (in µm) and closure rate; the postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) gains were compared among groups.

Results
Data extraction included 31 published articles: total of 1135 eyes. Eyes were divided into the following groups: ILM peel (n: 683), ILM Flap (n: 233), macular hydrodissection (n: 64), hAM (n: 59), and ART (n: 96). The initial BCVA and size were heterogenous between the groups. ILM peel showed the best results in large FTMH ≤ 535 µm (closure rate 96.8%); adjusted mean BCVA: 0.49 (LogMAR) with a statistical difference among groups. Large FTMH between 535 and 799 µm: ILM flap technique showed better results (closure rate 99.0%); adjusted mean BCVA: 0.67(LogMAR); also with a statistical difference. For large FTMH ≥ 800 µm more invasive techniques are required. Use of hAM, macular hydrodissection and ART showed higher closure rates for this category (100%, 83.3% and 90.5% respectively), and adjusted mean BCVA varied from 0.76 to 0.89. Although there was no statistical difference between those techniques for this group due to the smaller number of cases.

Conclusions
The CLOSE study group demonstrated the potential usefulness of a new surgical classification for large FTMHs and propose OCT biomarkers for use in clinical practice and future research. This new classification demonstrated that Large (400–550 µm) and X-Large (550–800 µm) holes can be treated highly successfully with ILM peel and ILM flap techniques, respectively. Further studies are necessary for the larger FTMHs (XX-Large and Giant), using the CLOSE classification, in order to determine which technique is better suited for each hole size and characteristics.
Color vision restrictions for medical school admission: a discussion on regulations in ASEAN countries compared to countries across the world
Authors: Tan Ting Fang , Grzybowski Andrzej , Ruamviboonsuk Paisan , Tan Anna C. S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractColor vision deficiency impairs one’s ability to perceive and discriminate colors. Color-deficient individuals may face discrimination in various occupations, particularly in medical school admissions. This discussion seeks to compare the existing color vision requirements for entry to medical school in Southeast Asian countries as compared to countries across the world. Following this, we explore the published evidence in this field, to provide recommendations for future guidelines that will maximize the occupational opportunities for color-deficient individuals.
Gendered division of housework and childcare and women’s intention to have a second child in Spain
Authors: Suero Cristina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Gender Revolution Theory forecasts a rise in fertility as gender equality increases and permeates the private sphere. However, empirical evidence across different societies has not always been conclusive, which suggests further research on the relationship between gender equality and fertility is needed. This research aims to assess the impact of the distribution of housework and childcare within the couple on one-child mothers’ fertility intentions in Spain. The educational expansion in recent decades has facilitated women’s mass entry into the workforce in this country. Nevertheless, the distribution of unpaid labour remains quite gendered and public support for families is scarce, making family/work balance challenging, especially for women. Using data from the 2018 Spanish Fertility Survey, the results suggest that when the distribution of housework is highly unbalanced between mothers and fathers, women are less likely to intend to have a second child. In contrast, unequal childcare workload does not substantially impact their intention to have a second child. Furthermore, whereas women’s satisfaction with the distribution of housework and childcare does not seem to moderate the effect of distribution, their education level slightly does. University-educated women are more likely to revise their fertility intentions downwards when the distribution is highly unequal.
Static information, K-neighbor, and self-attention aggregated scheme: a transient stability prediction model with enhanced interpretability
Authors: Chen Liukai , Guan Lin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractData-driven preventive scanning for transient stability assessment (DTSA) is a faster and more efficient solution than time-domain simulation (TDS). However, most current methods cannot balance generalization to different topologies and interpretability, with simple output. A model that conforms to the physical mechanism and richer label for transient stability can increase confidence in DTSA. Thus a static-information, k-neighbor, and self-attention aggregated schema (SKETCH) is proposed in this paper. Taking only static measurements as input, SKETCH gives several explanations that are consistent with the physical mechanisms of TSA and provides results for all generator stability while predicting system stability. A module based on the self-attention mechanism is designed to solve the locality problem of a graph neural network (GNN), achieving subgraph equivalence outside the k-order neighborhood. Test results on the IEEE 39-bus system and IEEE 300-bus system indicate the superiority of SKETCH and also demonstrate the rich sample interpretation results.
Bioprospective studies of pigmented ink from Sepioteuthis lessoniana and its molecular identification using CO1 gene
Authors: Sumi M. S. , Thazeem B. , Sunish K. S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract5
Background
The present-day world is teeming with numerous diseases due to the changing environment. The enormous growth of population has overburdened the prevailing resources of drugs; hence, drug manufacturers are in the lookout to develop effective and safe drugs in the pharmaceutical field. Marine environment is well known for its secondary metabolites, having a high potential in the research world of medicines. Several successful researches have explored the bioactivities of the marine organisms. In this regard, this study highlights the bioprospective activities of squid ink and identification of the organism using CO1 gene marker.

Results
In the present study, anti-inflammatory activity evaluated by human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization assay revealed protection of human blood cells in hypotonic solution confirming ant-inflammatory property of squid ink extract. Bovine serum protein denaturation method for investigating in vitro anti-arthritic activity proved that the ink extract has appreciable inhibitory effect on denatured proteins. The in vitro antioxidative property of the squid ink disclosed remarkable free radical scavenging activity. The squid ink exhibited potent antibacterial activity against three microbial pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. From the molecular study using CO1 gene sequencing, it was found that the given species of squid showed 100% similarity with a species in NCBI GenBank and it was identified to be Sepioteuthis lessoniana.

Conclusions
It is evident from the study that squid ink extract is a good source of anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-arthritic and antimicrobial agents which would replace the existing cost of effective investigations intending to purify these active compounds and its identification of new molecular skeleton can give idea to the development of either the base or a new drug itself in the future.
Bone wax causing a middle trunk plexopathy following vertebral artery injury: a neuroradiological pitfall
Authors: Nagi Sonia , Rekik Arwa , Drissi Cyrine , Zammel Ihsen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Bone wax is a hemostatic agent widely used in surgery. Since it is neither absorbed nor metabolized, its use remains risky and a potential cause of complications. Even though its MRI radiological characteristics are distinguishable, it is generally misinterpreted as postoperative hematoma or trapped air. We report the first case in literature of brachial plexopathy due to the compressive mass effect of bone wax and the main clues that led us to establish this diagnosis prior to its surgical resection.

Case presentation
A 20-year-old male, victim of stabbing presented with an open wound of the right latero-cervical region with a vascular injury of the V2 segment of the right vertebral artery on CT angiography. He was first admitted for bleeding from the neck uncontrollable with external pressure. The patient underwent an emergency surgical vertebral artery ligation. Forty-eight hours later, he reported a feeling of paresthesia of right arm with right-sided weakness. Neurologic examination revealed a motor deficit of the right triceps and wrist extensor muscles and absence of the triceps reflex. A postoperative compression of the C7 cervical root or the middle trunk of brachial plexus was initially suspected. A cervical MRI demonstrated a T1- and T2-weighted images well-defined right mass located laterally to the spinal cord in the epidural space at the level of C6–C7 vertebrae with a signal-intensity void on both sequences. T2*-weighted images showed no signal attenuation. It did not enhance after contrast administration. An epidural hematoma was less probable since acute hematoma is typically hypointense on T2*-weighted images. Computed tomography helped rule out residual postoperative air trapped in the epidural space based on the density study of the mass compared to air. Finally, a residual surgical foreign material used for packing during the procedure was suspected. The massive use of bone wax was ultimately confirmed by the surgeon and surgically removed with complete immediate postoperative recovery.

Conclusions
This case highlights the importance of a nuanced critical approach of neurosurgeons and neuroradiologists when interpreting postoperative neuroimaging scans of the spine. It is crucial to always consider foreign body-related complications and to review the per-operative procedure in details.
Barriers to learning for sustainability: a teacher perspective
Authors: Parry Sally , Metzger Ellen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe collectively face a constellation of complex and interconnected problems that threaten human and planetary wellbeing now and into the future. Holistic, multidisciplinary education that integrates the social, environmental and economic pillars of sustainability and enables learners to contribute to more sustainable societies are widely expected to play a crucial role in addressing these challenges. However, transformative learning to foster more sustainable ways of living cannot take place without teachers, who serve as role models for students and are widely acknowledged as key agents of social change. Teachers are called upon to translate international policies for sustainability education into classroom practice, but research shows that many practicing educators feel unprepared to help learners develop the competencies needed to forge more sustainable paths forward. In this commentary, the reflections of a British science teacher provide a first-hand account of the disconnect between international policy on sustainability education and the lived experiences of a classroom teacher and serve as a launch point for comparison with other teachers’ perspectives on teaching and learning for sustainability as documented in the literature. Despite significant context-based differences in how sustainability education is implemented, teachers’ voices from across the world reveal several common obstacles to multidisciplinary, learner-centered education for sustainability, including disciplinary silos, a focus on high stakes assessments, and inadequate professional learning opportunities for future and practicing educators. These hurdles persist despite repeated calls from policy-makers and researchers to better prepare and support educators as the facilitators of learning for sustainability, underscoring the need to more closely connect top-down Education for Sustainable Development policy to teachers’ needs and classroom experiences.
Self-assembled surfactant-based nanoparticles as a platform for solubilization and enhancement of the photothermal activity of sepia melanin
Authors: El Ghoubary Nayera Mohamed , Fadel Maha , Fadeel Doaa Ahmed Abdel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Sepia melanin (SM) is a natural photothermal biopolymer. Its biomedical applications are limited due to its poor solubility and bioavailability. This study aims to prepare a soluble formulation of sepia melanin to enhance its solubility, in turn, its bioavailability, and its use in photothermal therapy of cancer. SM was extracted from a sepia ink sac and prepared as insoluble powdered (SM) which is identified by FTIR, 1H-NMR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscope. SM was self-assembled using tween 80 into dispersed nanoparticles (SM-NP-Tw). The prepared SM-NP-Tw were fully characterized. The photothermal performance of SM-NP-Tw was assessed. Dark and photocytotoxicity of SM-NP-Tw was studied on HepG2 cells using two wavelengths (660 nm and 820 nm).

Results
The insoluble powdered (SM) exhibited a spherical nanoparticle-like shape as revealed by scanning electron microscope and was soluble only in an alkaline aqueous solution. TGA of SM showed high resistance to thermal degradation indicating good thermal stability. The prepared SM-NP-Tw exhibited a spherical shape with mean sizes of 308 ± 86 nm and a zeta potential of − 25 mv. The cell viability decreased significantly upon increasing the concentration and upon radiation at 820 nm. The results of UV–Vis spectroscopy and the photothermal performance revealed that melanin can absorb light in a wide range of wavelengths including near the IR region; thus, it can emit sufficient heat to kill cells through the photoheat conversion effects.

Conclusion
Sepia melanin nanoparticles self-assembled into tween-based nanostructures could be a promising natural platform for photothermal cancer therapy.
Examining the relationship between maternal mental health-related hospital admissions and childhood developmental vulnerability at school entry in Canada and Australia
Authors: Bell Megan F. , Glauert Rebecca , Roos Leslie L. , Wall-Wieler Elizabeth 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundIt is well established that maternal mental illness is associated with an increased risk of poor development for children. However, inconsistencies in findings regarding the nature of the difficulties children experience may be explained by methodological or geographical differences.AimsWe used a common methodological approach to compare developmental vulnerability for children whose mothers did and did not have a psychiatric hospital admission between conception and school entry in Manitoba, Canada, and Western Australia, Australia. We aimed to determine if there are common patterns to the type and timing of developmental difficulties across the two settings.MethodParticipants included children who were assessed with the Early Development Instrument in Manitoba, Canada (n= 69 785), and Western Australia, Australia (n= 19 529). We examined any maternal psychiatric hospital admission (obtained from administrative data) between conception and child's school entry, as well as at specific time points (pregnancy and each year until school entry).ResultsLog-binomial regressions modelled the risk of children of mothers with psychiatric hospital admissions being developmentally vulnerable. In both Manitoba and Western Australia, an increased risk of developmental vulnerability on all domains was found. Children had an increased risk of developmental vulnerability regardless of their age at the time their mother was admitted to hospital.ConclusionsThis cross-national comparison provides further evidence of an increased risk of developmental vulnerability for children whose mothers experience severe mental health difficulties. Provision of preventative services during early childhood to children whose mothers experience mental ill health may help to mitigate developmental difficulties at school entry.