bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostate cancer screening in African American men: a review of the evidence
Authors: Kensler Kevin H , Johnson Roman , Morley Faith , Albrair Mohamed , Dickerman Barbra A , Gulati Roman , Holt Sarah K , Iyer Hari S , Kibel Adam S , Lee Jenney R , Preston Mark A , Vassy Jason L , Wolff Erika M , Nyame Yaw A , Etzioni Ruth , Rebbeck Timothy R 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Prostate cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in African American men, yet prostate cancer screening regimens in this group are poorly guided by existing evidence, given underrepresentation of African American men in prostate cancer screening trials. It is critical to optimize prostate cancer screening and early detection in this high-risk group because underdiagnosis may lead to later-stage cancers at diagnosis and higher mortality while overdiagnosis may lead to unnecessary treatment.

Methods
We performed a review of the literature related to prostate cancer screening and early detection specific to African American men to summarize the existing evidence available to guide health-care practice.

Results
Limited evidence from observational and modeling studies suggests that African American men should be screened for prostate cancer. Consideration should be given to initiating screening of African American men at younger ages (eg, 45-50 years) and at more frequent intervals relative to other racial groups in the United States. Screening intervals can be optimized by using a baseline prostate-specific antigen measurement in midlife. Finally, no evidence has indicated that African American men would benefit from screening beyond 75 years of age; in fact, this group may experience higher rates of overdiagnosis at older ages.

Conclusions
The evidence base for prostate cancer screening in African American men is limited by the lack of large, randomized studies. Our literature search supported the need for African American men to be screened for prostate cancer, for initiating screening at younger ages (45-50 years), and perhaps screening at more frequent intervals relative to men of other racial groups in the United States.
The Philadelphia Lung Cancer Learning Community: a multi–health-system, citywide approach to lung cancer screening
Authors: Barta Julie A , Erkmen Cherie P , Shusted Christine S , Myers Ronald E , Saia Chelsea , Cohen Sarah , Wainwright Jocelyn , Zeigler-Johnson Charnita , Dako Farouk , Wender Richard , Kane Gregory C , Vachani Anil , Rendle Katharine A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Lung cancer screening uptake for individuals at high risk is generally low across the United States, and reporting of lung cancer screening practices and outcomes is often limited to single hospitals or institutions. We describe a citywide, multicenter analysis of individuals receiving lung cancer screening integrated with geospatial analyses of neighborhood-level lung cancer risk factors.

Methods
The Philadelphia Lung Cancer Learning Community consists of lung cancer screening clinicians and researchers at the 3 largest health systems in the city. This multidisciplinary, multi-institutional team identified a Philadelphia Lung Cancer Learning Community study cohort that included 11 222 Philadelphia residents who underwent low-dose computed tomography for lung cancer screening from 2014 to 2021 at a Philadelphia Lung Cancer Learning Community health-care system. Individual-level demographic and clinical data were obtained, and lung cancer screening participants were geocoded to their Philadelphia census tract of residence. Neighborhood characteristics were integrated with lung cancer screening counts to generate bivariate choropleth maps.

Results
The combined sample included 37.8% Black adults, 52.4% women, and 56.3% adults who currently smoke. Of 376 residential census tracts in Philadelphia, 358 (95.2%) included 5 or more individuals undergoing lung cancer screening, and the highest counts were geographically clustered around each health system’s screening sites. A relatively low percentage of screened adults resided in census tracts with high tobacco retailer density or high smoking prevalence.

Conclusions
The sociodemographic characteristics of lung cancer screening participants in Philadelphia varied by health system and neighborhood. These results suggest that a multicenter approach to lung cancer screening can identify vulnerable areas for future tailored approaches to improving lung cancer screening uptake. Future directions should use these findings to develop and test collaborative strategies to increase lung cancer screening at the community and regional levels.
IAR4 mutation enhances cadmium toxicity by disturbing auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Chen Jie , Huang Shao Bai , Wang Xue , Huang LiZhen , Gao Cheng , Huang Xin-Yuan , Zhao Fang-Jie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic to plants, but the targets and modes of toxicity remain unclear. We isolated a Cd-hypersensitive mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, Cd-induced short root 2 (cdsr2), in the background of the phytochelatin synthase-defective mutant cad1-3. Both cdsr2 and cdsr2 cad1-3 displayed shorter roots and were more sensitive to Cd than their respective wild type. Using genomic resequencing and complementation, IAR4 was identified as the causal gene, which encodes a putative mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α subunit. cdsr2 showed decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and NADH content, but markedly increased concentrations of pyruvate and alanine in roots. Both Cd stress and IAR4 mutation decreased auxin level in the root tips, and the effect was additive. A higher growth temperature rescued the phenotypes in cdsr2. Exogenous alanine inhibited root growth and decreased auxin level in the wild type. Cadmium stress suppressed the expression of genes involved in auxin biosynthesis, hydrolysis of auxin-conjugates and auxin polar transport. Our results suggest that auxin homeostasis is a key target of Cd toxicity, which is aggravated by IAR4 mutation due to decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. Decreased auxin level in cdsr2 is likely caused by increased auxin-alanine conjugation and decreased energy status in roots.
Katsue Misawa's sunspot observations in 1921–1934: a primary reference for the Wolfer–Brunner transition
Authors: Hayakawa Hisashi , Suyama Toru , Clette Frédéric , Bhattacharya Shreya , Lefèvre Laure , Ohnishi Kouji 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Our knowledge of the centennial solar variability is largely based on the time series of international sunspot number ($S_{N}$), a composite index based on multiple visual sunspot observers’ records from the 18th century onward and maintained by the World Data Center (WDC) ‘Sunspot Index and Long-term Solar Observations’ (SILSO). However, over the period 1919–1944, our capacity to diagnose the homogeneity of this time series is currently limited, because most of the archived source data of the Zürich Observatory were never published over that interval and are presently still missing. Therefore, it is essential to recover any long-duration series from individual sunspot observers active during this period to bridge this Zürich data gap. In this context, Katsue Misawa has conducted regular sunspot observations from 1921 to 1934 (mean coverage of 25.4 days per month), which were not accessible for the Zürich Observatory and thus form a valuable addition to the data base maintained by the WDC–SILSO. In this study, we digitized his observational records, documented his observing technique, and reconstructed his total and hemispheric SNs. We compared his data with the international SN (current version V2) and evaluated their stability. Misawa's data series generally agrees well with SN V2. However, Misawa's data show a significant transitory drift in 1925–1928 against the SN V2, when the Zürich pilot observer changed from Alfred Wolfer to William Otto Brunner.
A search for magnetic δ Scuti stars in Kepler hybrid candidates
Authors: Thomson-Paressant K , Neiner C , Lampens P , Labadie-Bartz J , Monier R , Mathias P , Tkachenko A 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Numerous candidate hybrid stars of type δ Scuti–γ Doradus have been identified with the Kepler satellite. However, many of them lie outside the theoretically expected instability strip for hybrid pulsation, where δ Sct and γ Dor pulsations can be simultaneously excited. We postulate that some of these pulsating stars may not be genuine hybrid pulsators but rather magnetic δ Sct stars, for which the rotational modulation from spots on the surface associated with the magnetic field produces frequencies in the same domain as γ Dor pulsations. We search for the presence of a magnetic field in a small sample of selected hybrid δ Sct–γ Dor stars using spectropolarimetry. At the time of observations, the only δ Sct star known to have a magnetic field was HD 188774 with a field strength of a few hundred Gauss. Our observations were thus tailored to detect fields of this typical strength. We find no magnetic field in the hybrid candidate stars we observed. However, two of the three other magnetic δ Sct stars discovered since these observations have much weaker fields than HD 188774, and are of dynamo origin rather than fossil fields. It is likely that our observations are not sensitive enough to detect such dynamo magnetic fields in the cooler stars of our sample if they are present. This work nevertheless provides reliable upper limits on possible fossil fields in the hotter stars, pointing towards typically weaker fields in δ Sct stars than in OBA stars in general.
Exploring the angular momentum – atomic gas content connection with eagle and IllustrisTNG
Authors: Hardwick Jennifer A , Cortese Luca , Obreschkow Danail , Lagos Claudia , Stevens Adam R H , Catinella Barbara , Garratt-Smithson Lilian 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We use the Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments (eagle) and IllustrisTNG (The Next Generation) cosmological simulations to investigate the properties of the baryonic specific angular momentum (j), baryonic mass (M), and atomic gas fraction (fatm) plane for nearby galaxies. We find EAGLE and TNG to be in excellent agreement with each other. These simulations are also consistent with the results obtained with eXtended GALEX Arecibo SDSS Survey (xGASS) for gas fractions greater than 0.01. This implies that the disagreements previously identified between xGASS and predictions from simple analytical disc stability arguments also holds true for eagle and tng. For lower gas fraction (the regime currently unconstrained by observations), both simulations deviate from the plane but still maintain good agreement with each other. Despite the challenges posed by resolution limits at low gas fractions, our findings suggest a potential disconnect between angular momentum and gas fraction in the gas-poor regime, implying that not all gas-poor galaxies have low specific angular momentum.
On the non-dissipative tidal evolution of the misalignment between spin and orbital angular momenta
Authors: Ivanov P B , Papaloizou J C B 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We extend our previous work on the evolution of close binary systems with misaligned orbital and spin angular momenta resulting from non-dissipative tidal interaction to include all physical effects contributing to apsidal motion. In addition to tidal distortion of the primary by the compact secondary, these include relativistic Einstein precession and the rotational distortion of the primary. The influence of the precession of the line of nodes is included. The dependence of the tidal torque on the apsidal angle $\hat{\varpi }$ couples the apsidal motion to the rate of evolution of the misalignment angle β which is found to oscillate. We provide analytical estimates for the oscillation amplitude Δβ over a wide range of parameter space confirmed by numerical integrations. This is found to be more significant near critical curves on which ${\mathrm{d}}{\hat{\varpi }} /{\mathrm{d}}t=0$ for a specified β. We find that to obtain 0.1 &lt; Δβ &lt; ∼1, the mass ratio q &gt; ∼1, the initial eccentricity should be modest, $\cos \beta \lt 1/\sqrt{5},$ with cos β &lt; 0 corresponding to retrograde rotation, initially, and the primary rotation rate should be sufficiently large. The extended discussion of apsidal motion and its coupled evolution to the misalignment angle given here has potential applications to close binaries with anomalous apsidal motion as well as transiting exoplanets such as warm Jupiters.
Sampling the Faraday rotation sky of TNG50: imprint of the magnetized circumgalactic medium around Milky Way-like galaxies
Authors: Jung S Lyla , McClure-Griffiths N M , Pakmor Rüdiger , Ma Yik Ki , Hill Alex S , Van Eck Cameron L , Anderson Craig S 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Faraday rotation measure (RM) is arguably the most practical observational tracer of magnetic fields in the diffuse circumgalactic medium (CGM). We sample synthetic Faraday rotation skies of Milky Way-like galaxies in TNG50 of the IllustrisTNG project by placing an observer inside the galaxies at a solar circle-like position. Our synthetic RM grids emulate specifications of current and upcoming surveys; the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS), the Polarisation Sky Survey of the Universe’s Magnetism (POSSUM), and a future Square Kilometre Array (SKA1-mid) polarization survey. It has been suggested that magnetic fields regulate the survival of high-velocity clouds. However, there is only a small number of observational detections of magnetized clouds thus far. In the first part of the paper, we test conditions for the detection of magnetized circumgalactic clouds. Based on the synthetic RM samplings of clouds in the simulations, we predict upcoming polarimetric surveys will open opportunities for the detection of even low-mass and distant clouds. In the second part of the paper, we investigate the imprint of the CGM in the all-sky RM distribution. We test whether the RM variation produced by the CGM is correlated with global galaxy properties, such as distance to a satellite, specific star formation rate, neutral hydrogen covering fraction, and accretion rate to the supermassive black hole. We argue that the observed fluctuation in the RM measurements on scales less than 1○, which has been considered an indication of intergalactic magnetic fields, might in fact incorporate a significant contribution of the Milky Way CGM.
Super-Eddington accretion as a possible scenario to form GW190425
Authors: Zhang W T , Wang Z H T , Zhu J-P , Hu R-C , Shu X W , Tang Q W , Yi S X , Lyu F , Liang E W , Qin Y 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
On 2019 April 25, the LIGO/Virgo Scientific Collaboration detected a compact binary coalescence, GW190425. Under the assumption of the binary neutron star (BNS), the total mass of $3.4^{+0.3}_{-0.1}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ lies five standard deviations away from the known Galactic population mean. In the standard common envelope scenario, the immediate progenitor of GW190425 is a close binary system composed of an NS and a He-rich star. With the detailed binary evolutionary modelling, we find that in order to reproduce GW190425-like events, super-Eddington accretion (e.g. $1,000\, \dot{M}_{\rm Edd}$) from a He-rich star onto the first-born NS with a typical mass of 1.33 M⊙ via stable Case BB mass transfer (MT) is necessarily required. Furthermore, the immediate progenitors should potentially have an initial mass of MZamsHe in a range of 3.0–3.5 M⊙ and an initial orbital period of Pinit from 0.08 d to 0.12 d, respectively. The corresponding mass accreted onto NSs via stable Case BB MT phase varies from $0.70\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ to $0.77\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$. After the formation of the second-born NS, the BNSs are expected to be merged due to gravitational wave emission from ∼11 Myr to ∼190 Myr.
OTUD5 limits replication fork instability by organizing chromatin remodelers
Authors: de Vivo Angelo , Song Hongseon , Lee Yujin , Tirado-Class Neysha , Sanchez Anthony , Westerheide Sandy , Dungrawala Huzefa , Kee Younghoon 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Proper regulation of replication fork progression is important for genomic maintenance. Subverting the transcription-induced conflicts is crucial in preserving the integrity of replication forks. Various chromatin remodelers, such as histone chaperone and histone deacetylases are known to modulate replication stress, but how these factors are organized or collaborate are not well understood. Here we found a new role of the OTUD5 deubiquitinase in limiting replication stress. We found that OTUD5 is recruited to replication forks, and its depletion causes replication fork stress. Through its C-terminal disordered tail, OTUD5 assembles a complex containing FACT, HDAC1 and HDAC2 at replication forks. A cell line engineered to specifically uncouple FACT interaction with OTUD5 exhibits increases in FACT loading onto chromatin, R-loop formation, and replication fork stress. OTUD5 mediates these processes by recruiting and stabilizing HDAC1 and HDAC2, which decreases H4K16 acetylation and FACT recruitment. Finally, proteomic analysis revealed that the cells with deficient OTUD5-FACT interaction activates the Fanconi Anemia pathway for survival. Altogether, this study identified a new interaction network among OTUD5-FACT-HDAC1/2 that limits transcription-induced replication stress.
TERRA expression is regulated by the telomere-binding proteins POT-1 and POT-2 inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Manzato Caterina , Larini Luca , Oss Pegorar Claudio , Dello Stritto Maria Rosaria , Jurikova Katarina , Jantsch Verena , Cusanelli Emilio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSeveral aspects of telomere biology are regulated by the telomeric repeat-containing RNA TERRA. While TERRA expression is conserved through evolution, species-specific mechanisms regulate its biogenesis and function. Here we report on the expression of TERRA in Caenorhabditis elegans. We show that C. elegans TERRA is regulated by the telomere-binding proteins POT-1 and POT-2 which repress TERRA in a telomere-specific manner. C. elegans TERRA transcripts are heterogeneous in length and form discrete nuclear foci, as detected by RNA FISH, in both postmitotic and germline cells; a fraction of TERRA foci localizes to telomeres. Interestingly, in germ cells, TERRA is expressed in all stages of meiotic prophase I, and it increases during pachytene, a stage in meiosis when homologous recombination is ongoing. We used the MS2-GFP system to study the spatiotemporal dynamics of single-telomere TERRA molecules. Single particle tracking revealed different types of motilities, suggesting complex dynamics of TERRA transcripts. Finally, we unveiled distinctive features of C. elegans TERRA, which is regulated by telomere shortening in a telomere-specific manner, and it is upregulated in the telomerase-deficient trt-1; pot-2 double mutant prior to activation of the alternative lengthening mechanism ALT. Interestingly, in these worms TERRA displays distinct dynamics with a higher fraction of fast-moving particles.
Transgene-free, virus-based gene silencing in plants by artificial microRNAs derived from minimal precursors
Authors: Cisneros Adriana E , Martín-García Tamara , Primc Anamarija , Kuziuta Wojtek , Sánchez-Vicente Javier , Aragonés Verónica , Daròs José-Antonio , Carbonell Alberto 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) are highly specific, 21-nucleotide (nt) small RNAs designed to silence target transcripts. In plants, their application as biotechnological tools for functional genomics or crop improvement is limited by the need of transgenically expressing long primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) precursors to produce the amiRNAs in vivo. Here, we analyzed the minimal structural and sequence requirements for producing effective amiRNAs from the widely used, 521-nt long AtMIR390a pri-miRNA from Arabidopsis thaliana. We functionally screened in Nicotiana benthamiana a large collection of constructs transiently expressing amiRNAs against endogenous genes and from artificially shortened MIR390-based precursors and concluded that highly effective and accurately processed amiRNAs can be produced from a chimeric precursor of only 89 nt. This minimal precursor was further validated in A. thaliana transgenic plants expressing amiRNAs against endogenous genes. Remarkably, minimal but not full-length precursors produce authentic amiRNAs and induce widespread gene silencing in N. benthamiana when expressed from an RNA virus, which can be applied into leaves by spraying infectious crude extracts. Our results reveal that the length of amiRNA precursors can be shortened without affecting silencing efficacy, and that viral vectors including minimal amiRNA precursors can be applied in a transgene-free manner to induce whole-plant gene silencing.
Examining Tobacco-Related Social Media Research in Government Policy Documents: Systematic Review
Authors: Beard Trista A , Donaldson Scott I , Unger Jennifer B , Allem Jon-Patrick 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Social media data have been used to describe tobacco industry marketing practices, user experiences with tobacco, and youth-oriented protobacco content.

Objective
Examine the extent to which tobacco-related social media research is cited in government policy documents.

Search Methods
Peer-reviewed tobacco-related social media studies were searched for on Web of Science, PubMed, and other databases from 2004 to 2022. The DOI number for each identified article was then used to search the Overton database to find policy documents citing such research. A secondary, manual search of national and international governmental agency websites was also conducted.

Selection Criteria
Documents were included in this study if they were tobacco-related, written in English, cited social media research in the document text and reference section, and were published by a governmental office or agency.

Data Collection and Analysis
The analytic sample consisted of (n = 38) government policy documents, and were coded for content themes, agency type, document type, and subsequent citations.

Main Results
When this research was utilized, it was often in the context of highlighting tobacco industry marketing practices, bringing attention to an issue (eg, youth e-cigarette use), and/or describing how social media platforms can be used as a data source to understand tobacco-related attitudes and behaviors. Agencies that often cited this research were the WHO, FDA, and CDC. The document types included research reports, policy recommendations, industry guidance, legal complaints, and practice-based recommendations.

Conclusions
Tobacco-related social media research has been utilized by government agencies in the last decade to guide the policy process.

Implications
Tobacco-related social media research has been used in government policy documents to detail tobacco industry marketing and bring attention to youth exposure to protobacco content online. Continued surveillance of social media may be necessary to track the changing tobacco landscape.
Property rights, political connections, and corporate investment
Authors: Miao Meng , Tang Dragon Yongjun , Xu Lixin Colin , Yan Xiao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We study the impact of an urban land titling program on firm investment in Shenzhen, China. We find that this program increased the investment rate for titling firms, but this positive effect only holds for politically connected firms. Further analysis suggests that the titling effect is more pronounced for those titling firms associated with greater expropriation risk. During program implementation, the connected titling firms increased their investment perhaps because, as observed, they experienced fewer disputes than non-connected titling firms.