bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with clinical outcomes in heart failure: An updated meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Chen Ruzhao , Xu Jiachen , Wang Yuge , Jiang Benyue , Xu Xiao , Lan Yang , Wang Jiang , Lin Xiufang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia is thought to be strongly associated with heart failure, but meta‐analyses with sufficient samples are still lacking to accurately address its clinical situation.Hypothesis: Sarcopenia has a high prevalence in patients with heart failure and is closely related to adverse clinical outcomes.MethodsRelevant databases were systematically searched in October 2021 and updated in July 2022. The data with high heterogeneity were combined with random effects model.ResultsTwenty‐one studies with 68,556 HF patients were included. The combined prevalence of sarcopenia in HF patients was 31%. Subgroup analysis found that the prevalence of sarcopenia in HF patients was 35% in Asia, 31% in Europe, 25% in the Americas, 31% in people aged ≥65 years, 25% in people with age <65 years, 28% in HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients and 18% in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients. In addition, our analysis shows that sarcopenia in patients with HF is associated with an increased risk of poor prognosis, with a combined hazard ratio [HR] of 1.64 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20–5.25), sarcopenia was also associated with poor outcomes in HFrEF patients with pooled HR of 2.77 (95% CI = 1.29–5.95). However, it was not associated with poor outcomes in HFpEF patients with pooled HR of 1.61 (95% CI = 0.82–3.16).ConclusionsThe prevalence of sarcopenia is high in HF patients, and patients with HF, particularly those with reduced ejection fraction, are at high risk of adverse outcomes from sarcopenia. Therefore, early identification and intervention for sarcopenia were beneficial for improving the prognosis of HF patients.
Emotional, behavioral, and physical health consequences of loneliness in young adult survivors of childhood cancer: Results from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Papini Chiara , Fayad Ameera A. , Wang Mingjuan , Schulte Fiona S. M. , Huang I‐Chan , Chang Yu‐Ping , Howell Rebecca M. , Srivastava Deokumar , Leisenring Wendy M. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Gibson Todd M. , Robison Leslie L. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Krull Kevin R. , Brinkman Tara M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundYoung adults in the general population are at risk of experiencing loneliness, which has been associated with physical and mental health morbidities. The prevalence and consequences of loneliness in young adult survivors of childhood cancer remain unknown.MethodsA total of 9664 young adult survivors of childhood cancer (median age at diagnosis 10.5 years [interquartile range (IQR), 5–15], 27.1 years at baseline [IQR, 23–32]) and 2221 siblings enrolled in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study completed a self‐reported survey question assessing loneliness on the Brief Symptom Inventory‐18 at baseline and follow‐up (median follow‐up, 6.6 years). Multivariable models evaluated the prevalence of loneliness at baseline only, follow‐up only, and baseline + follow‐up, and its associations with emotional distress, health behaviors, and chronic conditions at follow‐up.ResultsSurvivors were more likely than siblings to report loneliness at baseline + follow‐up (prevalence ratio [PR] 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7–3.0) and at follow‐up only (PR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1–1.7). Loneliness at baseline + follow‐up was associated with elevated risk of anxiety (relative risk [RR], 9.8; 95% CI, 7.5–12.7), depression (RR, 17.9; 95% CI, 14.1–22.7), and current smoking (odds ratio [OR], 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3–2.3) at follow‐up. Loneliness at follow‐up only was associated with suicidal ideation (RR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1–2.1), heavy/risky alcohol consumption (RR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1–1.5), and new‐onset grade 2–4 chronic conditions (RR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0–1.7).ConclusionsYoung adult survivors of childhood cancer have elevated risk of experiencing loneliness, which is associated with future emotional distress, risky health behaviors, and new‐onset chronic conditions.
Communication about sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: Understanding the caregiver perspective
Authors: Pallotto Isabella K. , Shellhaas Renée A. , Maney Kayli , Milazzo Madelyn , Grinspan Zachary , Buchhalter Jeffrey , Donner Elizabeth J. , Lapham Gardiner , Stanton Thomas , Davis J. Kelly , Lemmon Monica E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to characterize (1) the caregiver experience of learning about sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), and (2) caregiver preferences for SUDEP risk disclosure.MethodsWe distributed a 24‐question survey to caregivers of children with epilepsy. Free text questions were analyzed using a rapid qualitative analysis approach.ResultsTwo hundred and twelve caregivers of people with epilepsy completed the survey, including 12 bereaved caregivers. Caregivers' children had a high seizure burden, with a median seizure frequency of 24 seizures per year (range: 1 to ≥100). Most participants were aware of SUDEP at the time of the survey (193/212; 91%) though only a minority had learned about SUDEP from a healthcare provider (91/193; 47.2%). Caregivers typically learned about SUDEP from a nonprofit or online source (91/161; 56.5%). Almost all caregivers wanted to discuss SUDEP with their child's healthcare provider (209/212; 98.6%), and preferred disclosure from epileptologists (193/212; 91%), neurologists (191/212; 90.1%), and/or primary care providers (98/212; 46.2%). In open‐ended responses, caregivers highlighted the value of learning about SUDEP from a healthcare provider, the importance of pairing SUDEP risk disclosure with a discussion of how to mitigate risk, and the need for educational resources and peer support.InterpretationCaregivers of people with epilepsy appreciate when healthcare providers disclose information about SUDEP, yet typically hear about SUDEP elsewhere. These findings underscore the importance of interventions to improve and support SUDEP risk disclosure. Future work should evaluate strategies to disclose SUDEP risk and the impact of early SUDEP risk disclosure.
Thiacalixarene Appended Azo‐based Supramolecular Systems: Self‐assembly and Photo Tuning Reversible Liquid Crystalline Properties
Authors: Desai Vipul , Sharma Vinay S. , Rathod Suryajit L. , Sharma Anuj S. , Mali Hitendra A. , Shah Rutesh R. , Shrivastav Pranav S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFour new azo‐based supramolecular materials containing thiacalixarene core substituted by variable alkoxy groups (TFA1–TFA4) have been designed and synthesized for the mesomorphic and photoswitching properties. The liquid crystalline behavior were accomplished by using DSC, POM, and XRD studies. All azo‐based thiacalixarene based materials with short and higher chain length display columnar hexagonal mesophase with broad temperature range. The thermal behavior of all the materials was investigated by DSC and TGA study. The structural and conformational study of the lower rim functionalized materials was confirmed by using different techniques. These thiacalixarene moulded liquid crystalline compounds shows columnar self‐assembly type behavior and higher thermal stability. The introduction of bi‐substituted azo‐ester network towards the lower rim of thiacalixarene core has impact on the electron delocalization and liquid crystalline properties. The photoswitching properties suggested cis and trans azo‐isomerization under radiation of UV light and higher thermal back relaxation time. The mesogenic behaviour of compound TFA2 and TFA4 were demolished by the influence of cis and trans isomerization. The structure‐property correlation is studied to understand the variation in mesogenic properties with the substitution of variable alkoxy side chain.
Highly Luminescent and Semiconducting Supramolecular Organic Charge Transfer Complex Generated via H‐Bonding Interaction Pathway
Authors: Ghosh Sushobhan , Sarkar Sudip , Paul Satadal , Shil Suranjan , Mohapatra Sudip , Biswas Achintesh Narayan , De Gobinda Chandra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe construction of a charge transfer (CT) organic material with important electrical properties is demonstrated where the charge transfer state is generated via delocalization through H‐bonding interaction pathway. The reaction of simple organic molecule pyromellitic acid with orthophenylene diamine in 1:2 ratios gives a colorless cocrystal 1’. The rare transition phenomena of a colorless cocrystal 1’ to an orange charge transfer state 1 take place in methanol water media over several days. The charge transfer state is isolated as orange single crystals of 1 which show semiconducting as well as fluorescent properties. The X‐ray diffraction analysis of 1 demonstrates the formation of charge separated extended H‐bonded network which is supposed to be solely responsible for the delocalization of charge in the system. This is the first example of formation of donor–acceptor‐based charge transfer material constructed by just tuning the H‐bond distance of a colorless cocrystalline state with non‐chalcogen and non‐halogenated molecules.
Comparing methods to quantify cover in turfgrass research
Authors: Kowalewski Alec R. , Schmid Charles J. , Braithwaite Emily T. , McNally Brandon C. , Elmore Matt T. , Mattox Clint M. , McDonald Brian W. , Wang Ruying , Lambrinos John G. , Fitzpatrick Greg S. , Rivedal Hannah M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTurfgrass cover can be assessed qualitatively using visual ratings, but quantitative turfgrass cover measurements are desired for producing unbiased data. Digital image analysis and point intercept are two quantitative percent cover data collection methods used in turfgrass research. A potential weakness of digital image analysis is the difficulty in evaluating color variation. Considering this, a series of controlled environment and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the point intercept method compared to using a digital grid, digital image analysis, and visual ratings when utilized in turfgrass research. To explore this topic, four experiments were conducted in Corvallis, OR, and one in New Brunswick, NJ. Results from research conducted in Corvallis, OR, determined that the closest point intercept spacing (2.5 cm) resulted in a percent cover that was not statistically different from the known cover and the lowest variance, but the greatest amount of time required to collect the data. Digital image analysis was the most consistent method for measuring percent cover when a known percent cover was being quantified. The estimate of the percent dollar spot cover was reduced by a single pigment application regardless of the data collection method. In the absence of pigment applications, the point intercept frame, digital image analysis, and visual ratings were well‐correlated methods used to assess dollar spot cover. Digital image analysis was not correlated with the other data collection methods when used to evaluate percent anthracnose cover. The research conducted in New Brunswick, NJ, determined that the point intercept method and digital image analysis are well‐correlated methods for quantifying turfgrass establishment from seed.
Effects of humic acid–enhanced phosphate fertilizer on wheat yield, phosphorus uptake, and soil available phosphorus content
Authors: Gao Shengchao , Zhang Shuiqin , Yuan Liang , Li Yanting , Zhao Lifang , Wen Yanchen , Xu Jiukai , Hu Shuwen , Zhao Bingqiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHumic acid (HA) can improve the use efficiency of phosphate fertilizer, although its optimal proportion in fertilizers remains unknown. In this study, we conducted soil column experiments over two growing seasons to compare the effects of different HA proportions in phosphate fertilizer on wheat yield and phosphorus uptake, utilization, and soil available phosphorus. At harvest, grain yields were 0.23%–13.21% higher under HA‐enhanced phosphate (HAP) compared to treatments with conventional phosphate fertilizer (P). Among different HAPs, wheat treated with HAP with 1.0% HA (HAP10) or 2.0% HA (HAP20) had the highest 2‐year grain yield. Furthermore, total phosphorus uptake and its allocation in grains were both higher under HAP treatments compared to P treatment. The apparent use efficiency, agronomic efficiency and partial productivity of phosphorus in HAP10 and HAP20 treatments were also significantly higher than those treated with P in both growing seasons. In addition, HAP10 and HAP20 treatments resulted in the highest content of available phosphorus in the 0–60 cm soil layer compared with other HAPs or P alone. Incorporating HA into phosphate fertilizer at proportions of 0.5%–5.0% can increase wheat yield, phosphorus uptake, phosphate fertilizer use efficiency, and soil available phosphorus content, 1.0% or 2.0% HA in HAP shows the highest effects on these indexes. Given the economic benefits, 1.0% level is an optimal level for enhancing the effects of phosphate fertilizer in winter wheat crops.
Grain filling in rice vis‐a‐vis ethylene production in the spikelets
Authors: Shaw Birendra Prasad , Sekhar Sudhanshu , Panda Binay Bhushan , Sahu Gyanasri , Chandra Tilak , Parida Ajay Kumar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRice being a staple food worldwide necessitates that its production be enhanced to meet the demands of the continuously increasing population. However, the productivity advantages associated with breeding programs have reached their maximum. The production plateau brought on is not due to a lack of genetic potential but rather is due to the inhibition of grain filling by ethylene produced in large quantities in the heavy‐panicle‐ and compact‐panicle‐type varieties developed thus far, as evidenced by the application of ethylene synthesis inhibitors and ethylene action blockers. The inhibition could be a result of the accumulation of HCN, a byproduct of ethylene biosynthesis. In addition, inhibition of grain filling by excessive amounts of ethylene may also be the result of enhanced synthesis/expression of rice starch regulator 1, an ethylene‐responsive element binding protein that inhibits expression of the genes encoding type I starch‐biosynthesizing enzymes. In the past decade, miRNAs have also been found to inhibit grain filling by targeting starch‐biosynthesizing enzymes and the transcription factors required for their expression. Hence, biotechnological interventions should be designed to (1) decrease ethylene production and CN− accumulation and (2) downregulate/knockdown the expression of miRNAs unfavorable to grain filling in a spikelet/seed‐specific manner to enhance rice production.
Species identity and behavior of cave‐dwelling tree hyraxes of the Kenyan coast
Authors: Rosti Hanna , Pihlström Henry , Rottcher Norbert , Bearder Simon , Mwangala Lucas , Maghenda Marianne , Rikkinen Jouko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe surveyed tree hyrax populations living in forests, limestone rocky formations, and caves in coastal Kenya to identify the species and estimate the threat‐level populations are in. Tree hyrax vocalizations were recorded in three different habitats with passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) for a total of 84 h in January and February 2022. We also observed tree hyrax behavior with thermal imaging camera and photographed individuals. Tree hyraxes in coastal Kenya are vocally active throughout the night, with most calls emitted between 23.00 and 04.00. We identified four different calls: snort, hac, hac ping‐pong, and wheeze. Their calling range is between 220 and 15,000 Hz. Calls of tree hyraxes from the coast of Kenya were compared with calls stored by the Oxford Brookes University's Nocturnal Primate Research Group and identified as eastern tree hyrax, previously recorded from Tanzania. Here, we present what are, to our knowledge, the first photographs of live D. validus from Kenya. These tree hyraxes live in social groups. Due to strong pressure from humans, conservation measures are necessary to prevent the extinction of these isolated D. validus populations in Kenya.
Cost‐effectiveness of immediate initiation of dapagliflozin in patients with a history of heart failure
Authors: Miller Robert J.H. , Chew Derek S. , Qin Lei , Fine Nowell M. , Chen Jieling , McMurray John J.V. , Howlett Jonathan G. , McEwan Phil 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTAimsTo compare the cost‐effectiveness of immediate and 12‐month delayed initiation of dapagliflozin treatment in patients with a history of hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) from the UK, Canadian, German, and Spanish healthcare perspectives.Methods and resultsA cost‐utility analysis was conducted using a decision‐analytic Markov model with health states defined by Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores, type 2 diabetes mellitus status and incidence of heart failure (HF) events. Patient‐level data for patients with prior HHF from the Dapagliflozin And Prevention of Adverse‐outcomes in Heart Failure (DAPA‐HF) trial were used to inform the model inputs on clinical events and utility values. Healthcare costs were sourced from the relevant national reference databases and the published literature. Compared to standard therapy, immediate initiation of dapagliflozin decreased HHF (187 events), urgent HF visits (32 events) and cardiovascular mortality (18 events). Standard therapy was associated with lifetime costs of £13 224 and 4.02 quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs). Twelve‐month delayed initiation of dapagliflozin was associated with total discounted lifetime costs and QALYs of £16 660 and 4.61, respectively, compared to £16 912 and 4.66, respectively, for immediate initiation. Compared to standard therapy, immediate and 12‐month delayed initiation of dapagliflozin yielded an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) of £5779 and £5821, respectively. Compared to 12‐month delayed initiation, immediate initiation of dapagliflozin had an ICER of £5263. Results were similar from the Canadian, German, and Spanish healthcare perspectives.ConclusionBoth immediate and 12‐month delayed initiation of dapagliflozin are cost‐effective. However, immediate initiation provides greater clinical benefits, with almost 10% additional QALYs gain, compared to 12‐month delayed initiation of dapagliflozin and should be considered standard of care.
An induced thymic epithelial cell‐based high throughput screen for thymus extracellular matrix mimetics
Authors: Rouse Paul , Henderson Timothy , Venkateswaran Seshasailam , Sweetman Joanna , Duffy Cairnan , Bradley Mark , Blackburn C. Clare 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThymic epithelial cells (TECs) are key effectors of the thymic stroma and are critically required for T‐cell development. TECs comprise a diverse set of related but functionally distinct cell types that are scarce and difficult to isolate and handle. This has precluded TEC‐based screening assays. We previously described induced thymic epithelial cells (iTECs), an artificial cell type produced in vitro by direct reprogramming, raising the possibility that iTECs might provide the basis for functional screens related to TEC biology. Here, we present an iTEC‐based three‐stage medium/high‐throughput in vitro assay for synthetic polymer mimics of thymic extracellular matrix (ECM). Using this assay, we identified, from a complex library, four polymers that bind iTEC as well as or better than gelatin but do not bind mesenchymal cells. We show that these four polymers also bind and maintain native mouse fetal TECs and native human fetal TECs. Finally, we show that the selected polymers do not interfere with iTEC function or T‐cell development. Collectively, our data establish that iTECs can be used to screen for TEC‐relevant compounds in at least some medium/high‐throughput assays and identify synthetic polymer ECM mimics that can replace gelatin or ECM components in TEC culture protocols.
T‐cell selection in the thymus: New routes toward the identification of the self‐peptide ligandome presented by thymic epithelial cells
Authors: Sousa Laura G. , Rodrigues Pedro M. , Alves Nuno L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWithin the thymus, thymic epithelial cells (TECs) provide a dedicated niche for the selection of functional T cells expressing a highly variable and self‐tolerant T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. In this minireview, we start by summarizing recent studies that have improved our understanding on the composition of cortical TEC and medullary TEC microenvironments. Next, we focus on the molecular processes that control the function of TECs in T‐cell selection. In particular, we discuss the role of cortical TECs in positive selection and the pathways employed by these cells to generate and present selecting self‐peptides:MHC II complexes. Several studies have underscored the role of the β5t‐containing thymoproteasome in the production of unique MHC I‐bound peptides critical for CD8 T‐cell selection. Contrarily, the identity of the molecular determinants that regulate the generation of MHC II‐bound self‐peptides capable of positive selecting CD4 T cells is far more uncertain. We highlight recent advances that interconnect the autophagy‐lysosomal pathway, the presentation of specific sets of self‐peptide:MHC II complexes, and the diversification of CD4 TCR repertoire. Lastly, we discuss how these findings may open up new avenues for deciphering the identity of the MHC I and MHC II ligandome in the thymus.
Seismic performance of buildings with novel self‐centering base isolation system for earthquake resilience
Authors: Wang Bin , Chen Peng , Zhu Songye , Dai Kaoshan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study presents a novel self‐centering (SC) base isolation system enabled by traditional lead rubber bearing (LRB) incorporating superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) U‐shaped dampers (hereinafter referred to as SMA‐LRB). This system is particularly suitable for some important structures (e.g., hospital buildings) that require high seismic performance and rapid recovery of normal serviceability after a severe earthquake. The working mechanism of the SMA‐LRBs is first illustrated, followed by a comparative experimental study on the traditional LRB and the emerging SMA‐LRB. Test results confirm the satisfactory flag‐shaped hysteresis loops of SMA‐LRB associated with significantly reduced residual deformation under cyclic loading. Subsequently, a refined numerical modeling strategy for these bearings is developed. The seismic performances of the SMA‐LRBs are examined systematically through two comparative reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings, namely, the traditionally isolated and the SC isolated cases under far‐ and near‐field earthquakes. Seismic fragility analyses are further carried out through incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). The seismic responses demonstrate that the SC isolated building can match or improve the behavior of the traditional isolated buildings. Compared with the considerable residual deformation of the traditional isolated system under some earthquake events, the SC isolated system exhibits negligible residual deformation that can significantly avoid normal serviceability disruption while achieving the high‐performance objectives. The SC base isolation system can provide a promising type of advanced seismic protection device for earthquake resilient design.