bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single cell-resolutionin situsequencing elucidates spatial dynamics of multiple sclerosis lesion and disease evolution
Authors: Langseth C. M. , Kukanja P. , Rubio Rodríguez-Kirby L. A. , Agirre E. , Raman A. , Yokota C. , Avenel C. , Tiklová K. , Guerreiro-Cacais A. O. , Olsson T. , Hilscher M. M. , Nilsson M. , Castelo-Branco G. 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARYMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease characterised by multifocal lesions and smouldering pathology. While single-cell analyses have provided insights into neuropathology, cellular processes underlying MS remain poorly understood. We modelled the cellular dynamics of MS by examining temporal and regional rates of disease progression in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model. By performing single-cell spatial expression profiling usingIn situsequencing, we annotated disease neighbourhoods during lesion evolution and found centrifugal propagation of active lesions. We demonstrated that disease-associated (DA) glia are dynamic and induced independently of lesions, preceding their formation. Single-cell spatial analysis of human archival MS spinal cord confirmed differential distribution of DA-glia, enabled deconvolution of active and inactive lesions into sub-compartments, and identification of new lesion areas. By establishing a spatial resource of mouse and human MS neuropathology at a single-cell resolution, our study unveils the intricate cellular dynamics underlying MS disease evolution.
Elucidating the Impact of Bacterial Lipases, Human Serum Albumin, and FASII Inhibition on the Utilization of Exogenous Fatty Acids byStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Pruitt Emily L. , Zhang Rutan , Ross Dylan H. , Ashford Nathaniel K. , Chen Xi , Alonzo Francis , Bush Matthew F. , Werth Brian J. , Xu Libin 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureusonly synthesizes straight-chain or branched-chain saturated fatty acids (SCFAs or BCFAs) via the type II fatty acid synthesis (FASII) pathway, but as a highly adaptive pathogen,S. aureuscan also utilize host-derived exogenous fatty acids (eFAs), including SCFAs and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs).S. aureussecretes three lipases, Geh, sal1, and SAUSA300_0641, which could perform the function of releasing fatty acids from host lipids. Once released, the FAs are phosphorylated by the fatty acid kinase, FakA, and incorporated into the bacterial lipids. In this study, we determined the substrate specificity ofS. aureussecreted lipases, the effect of human serum albumin (HSA) on eFA incorporation, and the effect of FASII inhibitor, AFN-1252, on eFA incorporation using comprehensive lipidomics. When grown with major donors of fatty acids, cholesteryl esters (CEs) and triglycerides (TGs), Geh was found to be the primary lipase responsible for hydrolyzing CEs, but other lipases could compensate for the function of Geh in hydrolyzing TGs. Lipidomics showed that eFAs were incorporated into all majorS. aureuslipid classes and that fatty acid-containing HSA can serve as a source of eFAs. Furthermore,S. aureusgrown with UFAs displayed decreased membrane fluidity and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Exposure to AFN-1252 enhanced UFAs in the bacterial membrane, even without a source of eFAs, indicating a FASII pathway modification. Thus, the incorporation of eFAs alters theS. aureuslipidome, membrane fluidity, and ROS formation, which could affect host-pathogen interactions and susceptibility to membrane-targeting antimicrobials.IMPORTANCEIncorporation of host-derived exogenous fatty acids (eFAs), particularly unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), byStaphylococcus aureuscould affect the bacterial membrane fluidity and susceptibility to antimicrobials. In this work, we found that Geh is the primary lipase hydrolyzing cholesteryl esters and, to a less extent, triglycerides (TGs) and that human serum albumin (HSA) could serve as a buffer of eFAs, where low levels of HSA facilitate the utilization of eFAs, but high levels of HSA inhibit it. The fact that the FASII inhibitor, AFN-1252, leads to an increase in UFA content even in the absence of eFA suggests that membrane property modulation is part of its mechanism of action. Thus, Geh and/or the FASII system look to be promising targets to enhanceS. aureuskilling in a host environment by restricting eFA utilization or modulating membrane property, respectively.
Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on internal auditing: a field study
Authors: Jarva Henry , Zeitler Teresa 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on internal auditing as the pandemic forced individual internal auditors and audit teams to conduct the work remotely.Design/methodology/approachFive in-depth semi-structured interviews of internal audit experts that work in German retail and manufacturing industry were conducted between February and April 2021.FindingsThe authors find that the importance of audit technologies did not change significantly due to the pandemic, as audit technologies were already an integral part of internal audits. Interestingly, the transition to remote audits occurred with remarkable speed and efficiency. The presence of well-functioning information and communication technologies emerges as a critical facilitator for effective remote communication, collaboration and data exchange. However, audit technologies can only partially replace physical on-site examinations and human interaction. The main challenges of remote audits are related to the auditing of non-digitalized processes and the inherent limitations of auditee interviews and interactions.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors' interview approach does not allow to cover variations between industries and between countries. While internal audit experts provided notably consistent responses during the interviews, acknowledging that the sample size is very small is important.Practical implicationsThe COVID-19 pandemic serves as a catalyst for increased digitalization and technology adoption within the realm of internal auditing. A hybrid approach combining the benefits of on-site and remote audits is expected to prevail in the future.Originality/valueThe paper is among the first to document the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the work of internal auditing using field-based research methods.
Capital structure and default risk of small and medium enterprises: evidence from Algeria
Authors: Baha Riad , Levy Aldo , Hasnaoui Amir 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThis study examines the existence of a causal relationship between the capital structure at the creation of the small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) and its viability after 3 years.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical strategy consists of proceeding in two stages: first, the use of the Logit model to regress the studied variable reflecting the state of an SME of being in default or not, on the variables likely to significantly explain its default risk. Second, the authors investigate the existence of a relationship between the capital structure at the time of SME creation and viability. The obtained results are analyzed to confirm the initial hypothesis.FindingsThe results obtained indicate that the Logit model performs well in terms of discriminating and classifying SMEs. These findings are consistent with previous studies and support their conclusions regarding the model's strong classification capability. Furthermore, the model demonstrates a noteworthy classification rate of 90% for capital SMEs, specifically joint-stock companies (SpA). Out of the 10 observed SMEs, 8 nonfailing SMEs were still operational three years after the observation period, resulting in a survival rate of 80%.Practical implicationsThe results allow bankers to better understand the main determinants of SME default risk and demonstrate the existence of a causal relationship between the capital structure of an SME and its viability. This study is conducted in the construction, public works, and hydraulics sector (second largest sector in Algeria after the services sector). In future works, the authors try to extend the results of this study to other sectors of activity.Originality/valueThe richness of the established Logit model is to consider both financial and non-financial and qualitative variables. Although the qualitative variables are not statistically significant in the results obtained, the authors used the “Legal form” variable to demonstrate the existence of a causal relationship between the capital structure of an SME and its viability.
Essentialising Sex: Hermaphrodites and the Thresholds of Masculinity and Femininity in the Early Modern Catholic Church c.1700
Authors: Röder Brendan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article focuses on four individuals from France and Italy who were viewed as hermaphrodites and their attempts to become members of the Catholic clergy between c.1650 and 1720. Drawing on largely unexplored material from the archive of the Roman Congregation of the Council, this article argues that whether, and how, bodies were problematised as hermaphroditic depended on the different and changing thresholds of masculinity and femininity they were confronted with. Offering a fresh perspective on practices of constructing sex and sex difference, this article suggests that the decades c.1700 saw marked transformations in the defining and assigning of sex both in theory and social practice. Medical and ecclesiastical decision‐makers shifted their attention from a broader spectrum of behavioural and bodily signs to the anatomy of genitalia. The trend towards heightened vigilance and intransigence towards perceived sexual ambiguity was, however, highly asymmetrical, targeting mainly individuals initially believed to be women.
The unusual French policy mix towards labour market inequalities
Authors: Bozio Antoine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis short paper presents an overview of the French policy mix towards labour market inequalities, consisting of a high minimum wage together with targeted payroll tax cuts around the minimum wage. It reviews the recent literature documenting the impact of that policy mix on employment and wage inequality. The main takeaways are that pre‐tax wage inequality has been increasing in France rather like it has in the UK and the US, while net wage inequality has decreased and then remained stable. The employment experience for the middle age group is also very close in France to the one in the UK and the US, while it differs markedly at young and older ages. The paper offers two more general thoughts on how to make progress in comparing policy options. First, most studies tend to give too much weight to tax and benefit reforms in being able to reduce inequality as they disregard incidence mechanisms, and fail to incorporate properly longer‐term effects of other policies on pre‐tax inequality. Second, the design of effective policy should always incorporate simplicity and salience. Failure to do so is likely to lead to little expected impact of such policies.
Double vision due to lateral rectus injury after cosmetic botulinum toxin injections
Authors: Khan Samavia , Pathak Gaurav , Milgraum David , Tamhankar Madhura , Milgraum Sandy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFacial intramuscular injections of Botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections are among the most common cosmetic procedures in dermatology. Rarely, serious adverse reactions such as blepharoptosis, diplopia and periorbital hematoma may occur with improper administration technique. Here we report a case of painless diplopia 5 weeks post‐BoNT injection for ‘crow's feet’ likely due to inadvertent BoNT diffusion into the lateral rectus muscle causing a temporary palsy. This case aims to raise awareness of proper cosmetic BoNT injection techniques in the periorbital area to avoid ophthalmic complications.
The voice of persons with intellectual disability: Why does autonomy support make them feel better?
Authors: Estreder Yolanda , Martínez‐Tur Vicente , Moliner Carolina , Gracia Esther , Lira Eva 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOur study focused on the role of inclusive environments characterized by the support that supervisors provide to individuals with intellectual disability working in sheltered workshops. We propose that autonomy support is positively related to the satisfaction of individuals with intellectual disability with their autonomy in this organizational context. Satisfaction, in turn, is expected to be positively related to well‐being. A total of 394 individuals with intellectual disability working in 59 sheltered workshops located in Spain participated in the study. The research team used a pictorial questionnaire designed in cooperation with experts on measures for individuals with intellectual disability and tested in a pilot study. Using a cross‐lagged design, participants answered the questionnaire by reporting how much support they received from non‐disabled supervisors, their satisfaction with their level of autonomy, and their general well‐being (T1). Four weeks after T1, they reported their satisfaction (T2), and 8 weeks after T1, they reported their well‐being (T3). Using structural equation modeling methods with robust maximum likelihood estimation via Mplus, our results confirmed the mediation of satisfaction, not only in T1 but also over time. This study contributes to the knowledge about how supportive organizational environments help individuals with intellectual disability.
Detection of changes in regional colonic fermentation in response to supplementing a low FODMAP diet with dietary fibres by hydrogen concentrations, but not by luminal pH
Authors: So Daniel , Yao Chu K. , Gill Paul A. , Thwaites Phoebe A. , Ardalan Zaid S. , McSweeney Chris S. , Denman Stuart E. , Chrimes Adam F. , Muir Jane G. , Berean Kyle J. , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kourosh , Gibson Peter R. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryBackgroundCarbohydrate fermentation plays a pivotal role in maintaining colonic health with excessive proximal and deficient distal fermentation being detrimental.AimsTo utilise telemetric gas‐ and pH‐sensing capsule technologies for defining patterns of regional fermentation following dietary manipulations, alongside conventional techniques of measuring fermentation.MethodsIn a double‐blind crossover trial, 20 patients with irritable bowel syndrome were fed low FODMAP diets that included no extra fibre (total fibre content 24 g/day), or additional poorly fermented fibre, alone (33 g/day) or with fermentable fibre (45 g/day) for 2 weeks. Plasma and faecal biochemistry, luminal profiles defined by tandem gas‐ and pH‐sensing capsules, and faecal microbiota were assessed.ResultsPlasma short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations (μmol/L) were median (IQR) 121 (100–222) with fibre combination compared with 66 (44–120) with poorly fermented fibre alone (p = 0.028) and 74 (55–125) control (p = 0.069), but no differences in faecal content were observed. Luminal hydrogen concentrations (%), but not pH, were higher in distal colon (mean 4.9 [95% CI: 2.2–7.5]) with fibre combination compared with 1.8 (0.8–2.8) with poorly fermented fibre alone (p = 0.003) and 1.9 (0.7–3.1) control (p = 0.003). Relative abundances of saccharolytic fermentative bacteria were generally higher in association with supplementation with the fibre combination.ConclusionsA modest increase in fermentable plus poorly fermented fibres had minor effects on faecal measures of fermentation, despite increases in plasma SCFA and abundance of fermentative bacteria, but the gas‐sensing capsule, not pH‐sensing capsule, detected the anticipated propagation of fermentation distally in the colon. The gas‐sensing capsule technology provides unique insights into localisation of colonic fermentation.Trial registration: ACTRN12619000691145.
Understanding the co‐construction of safety in the paediatric intensive care unit: A meta‐ethnography of parents' experiences
Authors: Seaton Sarah E. , Manning Joseph C. , Draper Elizabeth S. , Davis Peter J. , Mackintosh Nicola 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildren experiencing critical illness or injury may require admission to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) to receive life‐sustaining or life‐saving treatment. Studies have explored the experience of parents with a child in PICU but tend to focus on subgroups of children or specific healthcare systems. Therefore, we aimed to undertake a meta‐ethnography to draw together the published research.MethodsA systematic search strategy was developed to identify qualitative studies, which had explored the experiences of parents with a critically ill child treated in a PICU. A meta‐ethnography was undertaken following the structured steps of identifying the topic; undertaking a systematic search; reading the research; determining how the studies relate and translate into each other; and synthesising and expressing the results.ResultsWe identified 2989 articles from our search and after a systematic series of exclusions, 15 papers remaining for inclusion. We explored the original parent voices (first order) and the interpretation of the study authors (second order) to identify three third‐order concepts (our interpretation of the findings), which related to technical, relational and temporal factors. These factors influenced parents' experiences, providing both barriers and facilitators to how parents and caregivers experienced the time their child was in the PICU. The dynamic and co‐constructed nature of safety provided an analytical overarching frame of reference.ConclusionThis synthesis demonstrates novel ways in which parents and caregivers can contribute to the vital role of ensuring a co‐created safe healthcare environment for their child when receiving life‐saving care within the PICU.
Unraveling the effectiveness of antibiotics for peri‐implantitis treatment: A scoping review
Authors: Feres Magda , Martins Rodrigo , Souza João Gabriel S. , Bertolini Martinna , Barão Valentim A. R. , Shibli Jamil A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotics are the most effective adjuncts in the treatment of periodontitis. However, the benefits of these agents in treating peri‐implantitis are still debatable and demand further analysis.PurposeThe aim of this review was to critically appraise the literature on the use of antibiotics to treat peri‐implantitis, with the ultimate goal of supporting evidence‐based clinical recommendations, defining gaps in knowledge and guiding future studies on this topic.MethodsA systematized literature search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed and Cochrane Library databases for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on patients with peri‐implantitis treated by mechanical debridement‐only or with adjunctive use of local or systemic antibiotics. Clinical and microbiological data were extracted from the RCTs included. The findings were critically reviewed, interpreted, and discussed. An overview of antibiotic‐loaded dental implant materials in peri‐implantitis treatment was also provided.ResultsTwelve RCTs testing local/systemic antibiotics were included. Although not always statistically significant, all antibiotic‐treated groups had greater reductions in mean PD than those treated by mechanical debridement‐only. The only clinically relevant antibiotic protocol supported by one RCT with low risk of bias and long‐lasting benefits was systemic metronidazole (MTZ). Studies using ultrasonic debridement reported better outcomes. No RCTs to date have tested MTZ‐only or with amoxicillin (AMX) as adjuncts to open‐flap implant debridement. In vitro/animal studies suggested that biomaterials with antimicrobial properties are promising to treat peri‐implantitis.ConclusionThere are insufficient data to support a particular evidence‐based antibiotic protocol to treat peri‐implantitis using surgical or nonsurgical therapy, but some conclusions may be drawn. Systemic MTZ adjunct to ultrasonic debridement is an effective protocol to improve the outcomes of nonsurgical treatment. Future studies should assess the clinical and microbiological effects of MTZ and MTZ + AMX as adjuncts to optimal nonsurgical implant decontamination protocols or open‐flap debridement. In addition, new locally delivered drugs and antibiotic‐loaded surfaces should be assessed by RCTs.
Development of acoustic source localization with adaptive neural network using distance mating‐based red deer algorithm
Authors: Bharat Babu E. , Krishna D. Hari , Hussain S. Munavvar , Veeramalla Santhosh Kumar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMultichannel, audio processing approaches are widely examined in human–computer interaction, autonomous robots, audio surveillance, and teleconferencing systems. The numerous applications are linked to the speech technology and acoustic analysis area. Much attention is received to the active speakers and spatial localization of acoustic sources on the acoustic sensor arrays. Baseline approaches provide negotiable performance in a real‐world comprised of far‐field/near‐field monitoring, reverberant and noisy environments, and also the outdoor/indoor scenarios. A practical system to detect defects in complex structures is the time difference mapping (TDM) technique. The significant scope of the research is to search the location using the minimum distance point in the time difference database to be apart from the verification point. In the case of the improved “time difference mapping (I‐TDM)” technique and traditional “time difference mapping (T‐TDM)” technique, the denser grids and vast database permit increased accuracy. In the database, if the location points are not present, then the accurate localization of the I‐TDM and T‐TDM techniques is damaged. Hence, to handle these problems, this article plans to develop acoustic source localization according to the deep learning strategy. The audio dataset is gathered from the benchmark source called the SSLR dataset and is initially subjected to preprocessing, which involves artifact removal and smoothing for effective processing. Further, the adaptive convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based feature set creation is performed. Here, the adaptive CNN is accomplished by the improved optimization algorithm called distance mating‐based red deer algorithm (DM‐RDA). With this trained feature set, the acoustic source localization is done by the weight updated deep neural network, in which the same DM‐RDA is used for optimizing the training weight. The simulation outcome proves that the designed model produced enhanced performance compared to other traditional source localization estimators.
Disability and narrative medicine: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Guthrie Elisabeth , Charon Rita 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite decades of international entreaties for improvement, education about and provision of healthcare for people with disabilities remains harmfully inferior to that of the non‐disabled population. Many obstacles confound efforts to ameliorate this inequity, perhaps the most pernicious of which is negative bias on the part of providers. Narrative medicine offers a means to address healthcare attitudes towards people with disabilities, in particular negative attitudes based on ‘ableism’. Through absorbing, writing, and sharing of diverse perspectives, narrative medicine kindles imagination and empathy, promoting self‐reflection. This approach enriches the students' capacity to absorb what their patients are trying to say, and to appreciate, respect, and hopefully meet the healthcare needs of people with disability.What this paper adds

Narrative medicine is a pedagogical tool to help providers listen and reflect on patients with disabilities.