bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activité historienne et appartenance urbaine
Authors: Lecuppre-Desjardin Élodie , Thorel Florent 
Published: September 2023

L'étude porte sur un registre atypique des archives de Saint-Omer, communément appelé Gros registre du greffe (Ms. 1389), et qui rassemble, sans ordre apparent, 461 pièces dont les datations s'étalent entre 1166 et 1778. Sans ordre chronologique, passé entre les mains de plusieurs scribes, le registre accumule autant de copies de documents et de sentences que la ville est impliquée dans des conflits internes à son périmètre d'autorité, ou emportée dans une grande histoire qui l'oblige à prendre position. L'originalité de cette compilation permet de reconsidérer l'écriture urbaine en son contexte d'expression et de réinterroger les notions aujourd'hui encore très controversées des prétentions historiennes ou mémorielles des administrateurs municipaux dont les productions sont surtout marquées par un présentisme assumé.
Le soutien britannique aux essais français pendant la décolonisation africaine (1959-1960) : un paradoxe
Authors: Mayoux Chloë 
Published: September 2023

En 1959, alors que la pression internationale monte contre le projet d’essais nucléaires français au Sahara algérien, la Grande-Bretagne se retrouve face à une situation unique : il lui faut préserver ses relations avec la France sans sacrifier ses perspectives d’amitié avec le Nigeria, qui se prépare à l’indépendance. Tentant de résoudre ce dilemme, les Britanniques produisent, en l’absence d’informations précises sur les projets français, des arguments techniques en garantissant la sûreté . Lorsque les retombées du premier tir, Gerboise Bleue , atteignent le Nigeria en février 1960, les Britanniques consolident a posteriori le récit sur l’innocuité des essais français . En restituant la chronologie serrée des mois qui ont entouré le premier essai français à l’aide d’archives multinationales, cet article en propose une histoire comparée et croisée qui met l’accent sur le contexte de la décolonisation africaine.
L’Europe occidentale et les essais nucléaires français dans les années 1960 et 1970.
Authors: Badalassi Nicolas 
Published: September 2023

La géographie des réactions ouest-européennes aux essais nucléaires français dans le Pacifique procède d’une conjonction de facteurs politiques, stratégiques et culturels exacerbés par les ruptures de la fin des années 1960 et du début des années 1970, tels l’essor de l’environnementalisme, l’émancipation de la jeunesse, la fin des processus de décolonisation, le renouveau du tiers-mondisme, mais aussi la détente Est-Ouest, qui favorise le neutralisme et déplace les tensions vers la Méditerranée, le Moyen-Orient et l’Afrique. Il en résulte une fracture européenne Nord-Sud qui laisse percevoir une Europe méridionale largement acquise à la cause française, tandis que c’est du Nord que proviennent les principales critiques, à deux exceptions près : le Royaume-Uni et la RFA.
La décarbonation, une chance pour les outre-mer
Authors: Bergot Matthieu 
Published: September 2023

La décarbonation est un enjeu considérable, il l’est encore plus pour les outre-mer qui cumulent les défis du continent à ceux de leur situation insulaire (ou quasi insulaire comme la Guyane). Les outre-mer sont-ils prêts pour affronter le choc de la décarbonation, qui, bien plus qu’une transition, est en réalité une véritable transformation ? On peut en douter. À moins de poser de nouveaux principes pour fonder la suite, qui feront de cette décarbonation, cet obstacle vertigineux et insurmontable, une chance.
Décarbonation, histoire et perspectives du SWAC (Sea Water Air Conditioning)
Authors: Bailey Richard H. , Lucas Franck 
Published: September 2023

Le conditionnement de l’air à partir de l’eau de mer a fait l’objet d’une expérimentation sur l’île de Bora Bora, à l’issue d’une conversation sur l’île de Tetiaora entre Richard H. Bailey et Marlon Brando ; une expérimentation qui s’est avérée nécessaire pour le développement touristique de l’île et économiquement rentable compte tenu des prix locaux de l’électricité, et ce tout en réduisant drastiquement les émissions carbonées par rapport aux procédés usuels de climatisation (systèmes à détente directe ou systèmes centralisés de groupe à eau glacée). Le retour d’investissement de cette expérimentation est évalué entre cinq et sept ans. Le procédé pourrait être étendu à d’autres cas. Il présente un intérêt certain dans un contexte où l’Agence internationale pour l’énergie estime que la consommation électrique mondiale liée à la climatisation va tripler d’ici à 2050 et la recherche de son efficience revêt un haut degré de priorité.
Le spatial en Guyane face aux enjeux de la transition énergétique
Authors: Baptiste Philippe , Astorg Jean-Marc , Clair Marie-Anne , Monnoyer-Smith Laurence , Noir Pascal 
Published: September 2023

Le Centre spatial guyanais (CSG) situé à Kourou en Guyane française est au cœur de l’aventure spatiale française et européenne depuis son origine dans les années 1970. C’est depuis le CSG que sont lancées les fusées Ariane depuis 1979, mais aussi le petit lanceur Vega depuis 2012. Ariane 6, dernier lanceur né de la filière, va prochainement remplacer Ariane 5, qui a permis à Arianespace d’être leader mondial sur le marché des services de lancement pendant plus de vingt ans. Dans un contexte de concurrence acharnée face à SpaceX, le CSG entame une phase de modernisation profonde, pour à la fois réduire les coûts de lancement et réaliser sa transition énergétique. Le présent article rappelle les grandes étapes du développement du CSG et des lanceurs européens, présente les enjeux de la transition énergétique du site, puis décrit quelques projets concrets actuellement en phase de réalisation (nouvelle boucle de distribution électrique, centrales photovoltaïques, centrales biomasse et unité de production d’hydrogène vert).
L’analyse de pratiques et la nécessaire reconnaissance du travail des professionnels
Authors: Bénard Christelle 
Published: September 2023

Comment soutenir les professionnelles qui prennent soin des tout-petits au quotidien ? Comment faire en sorte que les enfants restent au cœur des préoccupations ? Des réunions d’équipe et l’analyse comme outils pour une meilleure reconnaissance du travail des professionnelles en petite enfance.
Bède et la tradition grammaticale latine
Authors: Holtz Louis 
Published: September 2023

This article examines the orientation of the grammatical culture of Bede through his sources for the De arte metrica (DAM) and the De schematibus et tropis (DST). These treatises are not addressed to beginners, but aim at giving students a sophisticated Christian culture. From the grammarians of Antiquity Bede retains the initiation to a discerning and searching reading of the authors, far more than the theoretical definitions of the Artes. Which authors ? The poets, of course, but Christian poets, substituted for those of ancient Rome : these Christian poems, for which the DAM is the reader’s guide, are like a reflection of Holy Scripture. In passing from one treatise to the other the student crosses a decisive threshold both in his education and in the corpus of reference works. For the only true poetry is the word of God transmitted through Scripture « which we believe to be the intrinsic bearer of life everlasting »
La table de Bède
Authors: Gautier Alban 
Published: September 2023

Twenty-seven : that is the number of scenes in which the Venerable Bede, in his historical and hagiographical writings, mentions the activity of eating or drinking together.These few cases enable us to bring out several models of what a meal is for Bede. Those works contain several kinds of meals/feasts and each type varies between « normal » and « abnormal » behaviours. Each kind of meal comes within a framework governed by two focuses : an « ideal » focus, that is an anticipation of the heavenly city ; and a « social » focus, drawn from Bede’s observation of his own society. Transgressions, when characters move away from the models, are a major place for the study of Bede’s ideas about food and feasting. Whether they be saints or sinners, some characters break the unwritten « social » rules of the feast, whereas others contravene its heavenly « ideal » rules, providing us with information about Bede’s own models and those that were at work in early eighth- century Northumbria.
Bède et la tradition des récits visionnaires
Authors: Schmidt Paul Gerhard 
Published: September 2023

From the time period between Bede and Paschasius Radbertus we have a visionary text that mentions as a protagonist one priest who is known under two names : Haemgils and Plecgils. In the majority of the manuscripts that excerpt the fifth book of Bede’s Historia ecclesiastica this text appears among the other visions told by Bede. In this context the name of the priest is always given as Haemgils. Plecgils, on the other hand, is the name used in the thirteenth chapter of the Carolingian verse Miracula Nynie episcopi, where the same vision is retold in 75 verses. The prose text, which will be published here from Paris, BN, Ms. lat. 2464, and the poetic text from the Miracula Nynie episcopi are closely related.
La nuit ajournée. Prémices à une nyxologie
Authors: Delrez Angel 
Published: September 2023

Il s’agit ici, non pas de faire l’histoire – incommensurable, en fait – de l’extension et de l’intensification du jour, soit de l’illumination, mais de se borner à en dépister, au cœur de la singularité relative de certaines de ses manifestations, les rouages, en vue de rendre manifeste l’intérêt et, par suite, la nécessité de penser aujourd’hui le propre du « phénomène nocturne » et, au-delà, de la nuit en soi.
Round window accessibility in transcanal approach
Authors: Ghonim Mohammed Rashad , Abo-Samra Mohammed Mohammed Ebrahim , Moneir Waleed , El-Deeb Ahmed Hemdan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Aim
Our aim of this study is to evaluate the transcanal approach to visualize the round window whose visualization is a very important and challenging topic as it is used as a portal for electrode insertion during cochlear implantation.

Methods
This study was carried out over fifty patients suffered from conductive or mixed hearing loss with intact tympanic membrane suggested to be otosclerotic patients irrespective to their age or sex. The exploratory tympanotomy procedures were performed. The tympanomeatal flap is considered to be completely elevated when the posterior edge of long process of malleus, the long process of incus, the stapes and the stapedial tendon were visible and the flap is reflected anteriorly without tension. At this step, visualization of round window is assessed microscopically and endoscopically by using an oto-endoscope of 2.7mm diameter and 30 angle.

Results
By using the microscope, we found that 48 cases were fully visible (Type 1), 1 case was partially visible (Type 2) and 1 case was not visible (Type 3). By using the endoscope, we found that the round window details are fully visible in all the fifty cases.

Conclusion
We experienced that better exposure of round window could be achieved with less effort via transcanal approach. Using the endoscope gives panoramic view with clear details. So, transcanal approach can be used instead of classic posterior tympanotomy to visualize the round window.
Young nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a review of an 8-year experience in the East Coast Malaysia Hospital
Authors: Aziz Azliana , Ramli Ramiza Ramza , Mohamad Irfan , Bhavaraju V Murali K 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is among the most common head and neck malignancies seen among adults in Malaysia. It is the third most common cancer in males after colorectal and lung cancers. Even though it has bimodal peak distribution, young NPC is a rare occurrence. It accounts for less than 1% of all paediatric cancers.

Objective
The objective of this study was to describe the 8-year experience with young NPC in the year 2003 until 2010 in a tertiary centre in East Coast Malaysia Hospital.

Method
Twenty-four young NPC cases confirmed by histopathology and undergoing treatment in a tertiary centre in East Coast Malaysia Hospital between 2003 and 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. We studied NPC incidence observed during that period, focusing on the age and sex distribution and the ethnic background of patients. We also analysed the most prevalent signs and symptoms and staging of the NPC patients at first presentation, which include neck swelling, ear symptoms, nasal symptoms and other miscellaneous symptoms.

Results
Presentation was predominant in the Malay population, with age peaking between 16 and 20 years. Most patients were male (70.8%). The main presenting symptoms were neck mass (70.9%), unilateral nasal obstruction (33.3%), epistaxis (29.2%) and other miscellaneous complaints (20.9%), including headache, diplopia and facial paraesthesia. In all, 25% of patients had cranial nerve involvements either isolated or a combination of cranial nerves 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. Stage I, II, III and IV patients accounted for 0, 4.2, 12.5 and 83.3%, respectively. Majority (91.7%) had WHO type 3 NPC (undifferentiated carcinoma).

Conclusion
Results from our series are comparable to those reported by other centres. A majority of the patients were diagnosed late and at the advanced stage. The TMN staging was a relevant prognostic factor.
Auditory brainstem evoked responses and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials: potential biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Hassan Dalia M. , Shalash Ali 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate brainstem functions in Parkinson’s disease (PD) through studying auditory brainstem evoked responses (ABRs), and ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMP and cVEMP) and to explore their relation with motor symptoms, if any.

Study design
Fifteen individuals diagnosed as having idiopathic PD and 15 age-matched controls were included. The PD patients were evaluated using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, the Hoehn and Yahr Scale, and the Schwab and England Scale. The subscores of major symptom were calculated, such as tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and axial signs. During medication ‘on’ states, PD patients and controls underwent pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, tympanometry, ABR, oVEMP, and cVEMP. The test findings in PD patients were grouped into ipsilateral and contralateral results in relation to the clinically more affected motor side and were compared with the age-matched controls.

Results
PD patients showed abnormal ABR wave morphology, prolonged absolute latencies of ABR wave V, and I–V interpeak latencies. Absent responses were the evident abnormality seen in oVEMP. Prolonged latencies with reduced amplitudes were seen in cVEMP responses. The main motor features of PD (rigidity and bradykinesia) were correlated to the ABR and cVEMP responses contralateral to the clinically more affected side.

Conclusion
Dysfunction at different levels of the brainstem was confirmed in patients with PD. The impairment of ABRs and VEMP responses is related to characteristic clinical asymmetry of PD and its cardinal motor features. ABRs and VEMPs could be used as potential electrophysiological biomarkers for PD.
Neural representation of speech in pediatric cochlear implant recipients
Authors: Rahman Tayseer T. Abdel , Nada Ihab M. , Kader Hesham A. A. Abdel , Monem Ahmed A. Abdel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
Cochlear implantation (CI) is an established treatment for selected individuals with bilateral severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss who derive limited benefits from conventional hearing aids.
This work was designed to assess speech processing at the brainstem and the cortical level in children fitted with CIs after a variable duration of implantation and speech therapy compared with language acquisition.

Patients and methods
Thirty-one children between 4 and 5 years of age fitted with unilateral CIs of variable duration ranging from 1 to 3 years were assessed at 1 year (n=10), 2 years (n=12), and 3 years (n=9) after device activation. They underwent aided sound–field audiological evaluation, speech-evoked auditory brainstem response, and speech-evoked mismatch negativity test. The results were compared among the study groups and then correlated with language assessment and speech perception tests.

Results
Both speech-evoked auditory brainstem response and mismatch negativity test responses were significantly different among the three groups. Moreover, language development showed a significant difference among the three groups.

Conclusion
Children fitted with CI showed cortical and brainstem activation from the first year and these activity changes continue with CI use and both are highly correlated with receptive and expressive language. Thus, both electrophysiologic tests could be early and critical objective indicators of optimal speech encoding after programming of the CI device.
Endoscopic partial epiglottectom using diathermy for chronic epiglottitis from khat chewing
Authors: Muthanna Ali Obaid , Eryani Arif Fadhl 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of endoscopic partial epiglottectomy on airway obstruction.

Patients and Methods
A prospective study was conducted in the ENT Department, Al-Thawra Teaching Hospital, Sana’a, Yemen. A total of 58 patients underwent partial epiglottectomy using standard laryngeal instruments and monopolar microdissection scissors and hook diathermy, during the period January 2005–July 2011.

Results
A total of 58 patients were included in this study, 47 male and 11 female. Their ages ranged from 21–60 years, with a mean age of 32.39 years. A total of 58 (100%) patients presented with change of voice, 58 (100%) patients presented with difficulty in breathing on exertion, 20 (34.5%) patients presented with foreign body sensation, 58 (100%) with stridor on exertion, 20 (34.5%) with stridor at rest, 20 (34.5%) with dysphagia, and four cases with tracheostomy in situ.

Postsurgical results
All (100%) patients showed improvement in voice, breathing, and disappearance of stridor. An overall 90% (18/20) of patients had disappearance of foreign body sensation. Recurrence occurred in 25.9% of patients. Postoperative aspiration occurred in 11 (19%) patients for short time.

Conclusion
Using diathermy to perform endoscopic partial epiglottectomy is simple, effective, and safe in the treatment of hypertrophic epiglottis using laryngeal instruments and diathermy. It did not need special preparation and could be performed in hospitals that have no laser facilities.
Detection of tuberculosis in smear predator pulmonary TB in Fayoum Chest Hospital
Authors: Al Essawy Assem F. , Ahmed Randa I. , Raheem Fadwa A. E. , Bakri Heba M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the causes of health problem in millions of people annually, and in 2015, it was one of the top 10 reasons of doom worldwide, ranking above HIV/AIDS as one of the important causes of death owing to an intended disease.
A negative smear result in pulmonary TB is believed to be a widespread clinical problem, so early detection of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (SNPTB) is important for TB control and restriction of number of deaths, and it is tricky in these patients.

Aims
To detect TB in SNPTB in Fayoum Chest Hospital

Design
This was a retrospective study.

Setting
Fayoum Chest Hospital and Fayoum University Hospital in Egypt were used for conducting the study between 2015 and 2017.

Patients and methods
Fifty patients suspected to have pulmonary TB and had negative sputum smear results were included in the study.
For each patient, full history was taken, and clinical body checkup was done. Then, plain posteroanterior chest radiograph was done. Tuberculin test, direct sputum examination, and other diagnostic methods used for detection such as GeneXpert, bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), transbronchial lung biopsy, Löwenstein–Jensen culture, QuantiFERON, or even open lung biopsy were recorded.

Statistical analysis
Coding of the data was done then entered with SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version number 18 windows 7 after that data were summarized using mean, standard deviation, median, minimum and maximum in the quantitative data with using frequency (count) & relative frequency (percentage) for categorization of data.

Results
It was found that 42% of patients were diagnosed by GeneXpert and 46% were diagnosed by BAL during bronchoscopy, whereas 68% of patients had positive ‘Löwenstein–Jensen culture’ result.

Conclusion
The GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay is an important test for quick diagnosis of acid-fast bacilli SNPTB.
Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy is a beneficial tool in the diagnosis of pulmonary TB in patients whose sputum smear is negative.
Clinical implications are as follows: in patients with SNPTB, microbiological samples should be obtained (through sputum, BAL, or induced sputum), and then radiological investigation should be performed. Thereafter, antituberculous treatment should be started following the diagnosis, with follow-up of the case.
Rapid detection and proper treatment of pulmonary TB, even in smear negative patients, can eliminate spread of the infection to others and may decrease the severity of the disease.
Pressure support ventilation mode versus pressure support ventilation+T-piece trial as a weaning modality in mechanically ventilated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Azouz Ahmed M. , El-Sokary Rafat T. , El-Latif Hassan A. , Ahmed Ghada 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Pressure support ventilation (PSV) mode and T-piece trial were used in weaning of mechanically ventilated (MV) patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Thus, the objective of study is to assess the value of adding T-piece trial to PSV mode in weaning off patients with COPD.

Patients and methods
A total of 80 MV patients with COPD admitted to respiratory ICU were divided into two groups: group I included 40 patients who were weaned off by PSV mode and group II included 40 patients who were weaned off by PSV mode and T-piece trial.

Results
The mean age of patients was 62 years. Overall, 73.8% were males and 73.75% were smokers. There were no significant differences between both groups regarding age, sex, BMI, smoking status, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score, exacerbation frequency, and hospital admission. Moreover, there was no significant differences between both groups regarding vital capacity, negative inspiratory force, rapid shallow breathing index, partial arterial oxygen pressure, partial arterial carbon dioxide pressure, and arterial oxygen saturation at the end of PSV mode in both groups. A significant decline in partial arterial oxygen pressure and arterial oxygen saturation and increase in partial arterial carbon dioxide pressure were observed in group II patients after adding T-piece trial. A total of 34 (85%) patients were successfully extubated in group I, whereas 33 (82.5%) patients were successfully extubated in group II. Period of MV, duration of weaning, ICU stay, and mortality were significantly higher in group II patients.

Conclusion
T-piece trial after PSV mode has no role in weaning; moreover, it causes more complications and leads to longer duration of weaning.