bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Ionospheric Drizzle” Observed in the Pre‐Dawn E‐F Valley Over Sanya
Authors: Zhou Xu , Yue Xinan , Wang Junyi , Cai Yihui , Ding Feng , Ning Baiqi , Jin Yuyan , Li Mingyuan , Wang Yonghui , Zhang Ning , Wang Zhongqiu , Luo Junhao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA new incoherent scattering radar established at Sanya (18.3°N, 109.6°E; SYISR) has made it possible to directly measure the fine structure of the ionospheric E‐F valley. An intriguing phenomenon termed “ionospheric drizzle” was revealed by the month‐long continuous observation of complete ionospheric profiles with a temporal and vertical resolution of 0.8 s and 4.5 km. It manifests as weak plasma “streaks” in the strength of ∼103–104 cm−3 that detach from the F‐layer base and extends downward to the sporadic E (Es) layer during pre‐dawn hours, with an apparent descent speed of ∼10–20 m/s. The frequently observed “ionospheric drizzle” provides additional plasma to enhance the Es layer. Subsequent testing particle simulations were performed, revealing the critical role of the neutral winds in the plasma descent. This downward coupling process enhancing the Es layer is thus supposed to be important in communication and navigation.
Impacts of Initial Zonal Current Errors on the Predictions of Two Types of El Niño Events
Authors: Tao Lingjiang , Mu Mu , Wang Lei , Fang Xianghui , Duan Wansuo , Zhang Rong‐Hua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPerturbations in the thermocline and surface zonal current (ZC) play crucial roles in the evolutions of the eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) El Niño events, respectively. Whereas numerous studies have examined the influence of initial uncertainties in ocean temperature on the predictability of El Niño, only a few studies investigated the impact of the initial ZC. Using an air‐sea coupling model, the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) approach was employed to investigate the maximum impact of initial ZC errors on the El Niño prediction. The optimal initial ZC errors (denoted as CNOP‐Us) that have the severest impact on the El Niño prediction are found to mainly concentrate in the western and central tropical Pacific. The CNOP‐Us cause larger errors in the CP El Niño prediction than in the EP El Niño prediction. Additionally, CNOP‐Us cause rapid sea surface temperature error growth in spring in the EP El Niño prediction but in summer in the CP El Niño prediction. Dynamically, the former is related to the large uncertainties in the meridional current in spring caused by CNOP‐Us, while the latter is related to the strong ZC errors in summer. According to the distributions of CNOP‐Us, reducing the initial ZC errors in the western and central tropical Pacific may be vital in weakening the predictability barrier phenomena and improving the predictions of El Niño diversity.
Effects of Lower Troposphere Vertical Mixing on Simulated Clouds and Precipitation Over the Amazon During the Wet Season
Authors: Hu Xiao‐Ming , Huang Yongjie , Xue Ming , Martin Elinor , Hong Yang , Chen Mengye , Novoa Hector Mayol , McPherson Renee , Perez Andres , Morales Isaac Yanqui , Luna Auria Julieta Flores 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPlanetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes parameterize unresolved turbulent mixing within the PBL and free troposphere (FT). Previous studies reported that precipitation simulation over the Amazon in South America is quite sensitive to PBL schemes and the exact relationship between the turbulent mixing and precipitation processes is, however, not disentangled. In this study, regional climate simulations over the Amazon in January–February 2019 are examined at process level to understand the precipitation sensitivity to PBL scheme. The focus is on two PBL schemes, the Yonsei University (YSU) scheme, and the asymmetric convective model v2 (ACM2) scheme, which show the largest difference in the simulated precipitation. During daytime, while the FT clouds simulated by YSU dissipate, clouds simulated by ACM2 maintain because of enhanced moisture supply due to the enhanced vertical moisture relay transport process: (a) vertical mixing within PBL transports surface moisture to the PBL top, and (b) FT mixing feeds the moisture into the FT cloud deck. Due to the thick cloud deck over Amazon simulated by ACM2, surface radiative heating is reduced and consequently the convective available potential energy is reduced. As a result, precipitation is weaker from ACM2. Two key parameters dictating the vertical mixing are identified, p, an exponent determining boundary layer mixing and λ, a scale dictating FT mixing. Sensitivity simulations with altered p, λ, and other treatments within YSU and ACM2 confirm the precipitation sensitivity. The FT mixing in the presence of clouds appears most critical to explain the sensitivity between YSU and ACM2.
Metasurface-enabled polarization-independent LCoS spatial light modulator for 4K resolution and beyond
Authors: Zhu Zhaoxiang , Wen Yuanhui , Li Jiaqi , Chen Yujie , Peng Zenghui , Li Jianxiong , Zhu Lei , Wu Yunfei , Zhou Lidan , Liu Lin , Zong Liangjia , Yu Siyuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith the distinct advantages of high resolution, small pixel size, and multi-level pure phase modulation, liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) devices afford precise and reconfigurable spatial light modulation that enables versatile applications ranging from micro-displays to optical communications. However, LCoS devices suffer from a long-standing problem of polarization-dependent response in that they only perform phase modulation on one linear polarization of light, and polarization-independent phase modulation—essential for most applications—have had to use complicated polarization-diversity optics. We propose and demonstrate, for the first time, an LCoS device that directly achieves high-performance polarization-independent phase modulation at telecommunication wavelengths with 4K resolution and beyond by embedding a polarization-rotating metasurface between the LCoS backplane and the liquid crystal phase-modulating layer. We verify the device with a number of typical polarization-independent application functions including beam steering, holographical display, and in a key optical switching element - wavelength selective switch (WSS), demonstrating the significant benefits in terms of both configuration simplification and performance improvement.
WDR5 facilitates recruitment of N-MYC to conserved WDR5 gene targets in neuroblastoma cell lines
Authors: Bumpous Leigh A. , Moe Kylie C. , Wang Jing , Carver Logan A. , Williams Alexandria G. , Romer Alexander S. , Scobee Jesse D. , Maxwell Jack N. , Jones Cheyenne A. , Chung Dai H. , Tansey William P. , Liu Qi , Weissmiller April M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCollectively, the MYC family of oncoprotein transcription factors is overexpressed in more than half of all malignancies. The ability of MYC proteins to access chromatin is fundamental to their role in promoting oncogenic gene expression programs in cancer and this function depends on MYC–cofactor interactions. One such cofactor is the chromatin regulator WDR5, which in models of Burkitt lymphoma facilitates recruitment of the c-MYC protein to chromatin at genes associated with protein synthesis, allowing for tumor progression and maintenance. However, beyond Burkitt lymphoma, it is unknown whether these observations extend to other cancers or MYC family members, and whether WDR5 can be deemed as a “universal” MYC recruiter. Here, we focus on N-MYC amplified neuroblastoma to determine the extent of colocalization between N-MYC and WDR5 on chromatin while also demonstrating that like c-MYC, WDR5 can facilitate the recruitment of N-MYC to conserved WDR5-bound genes. We conclude based on this analysis that N-MYC and WDR5 colocalize invariantly across cell lines at predicted sites of facilitated recruitment associated with protein synthesis genes. Surprisingly, we also identify N-MYC-WDR5 cobound genes that are associated with DNA repair and cell cycle processes. Dissection of chromatin binding characteristics for N-MYC and WDR5 at all cobound genes reveals that sites of facilitated recruitment are inherently different than most N-MYC-WDR5 cobound sites. Our data reveals that WDR5 acts as a universal MYC recruiter at a small cohort of previously identified genes and highlights novel biological functions that may be coregulated by N-MYC and WDR5 to sustain the neuroblastoma state.
Longitudinal study of dietary patterns and hypertension in adults: China Health and Nutrition Survey 1991–2018
Authors: Zhang Jiguo , Du Wenwen , Huang Feifei , Li Li , Bai Jing , Wei Yanli , Wang Zhihong , Zhang Bing , Wang Huijun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChina is undergoing the nutrition transition that may explain partly the high prevalence of hypertension. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between dietary patterns and hypertension in Chinese adults over 28 years of follow-up. We used data collected in the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1991 to 2018. Adults aged 18 years and above (n = 15,929) were included in the analysis, for whom questionnaires and anthropometric data were collected during at least two waves. Factor analysis was conducted to derive food patterns based on 18 foods or food groups. We constructed three-level mixed-effect linear regression models to estimate systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in relation to quartiles of dietary pattern score and performed three-level mixed-effect logistic regression models to assess the risk of hypertension. Participants in the top quartile of the modern pattern had a decrease in SBP (β = − 0.51; 95% CI −0.86, −0.16; P < 0.01) when adjusted for all potential confounders, whereas participants in the top quartile of the meat pattern had an increase in DBP (β = 0.31; 95% CI 0.08, 0.53; P < 0.01). Participants in the highest quartile of the meat pattern were more likely to have hypertension (OR = 1.14; 95% CI 1.03, 1.24; P < 0.01). Adherence to the modern pattern characterized by high intake of fruits and dairy products was inversely associated with SBP, whereas the meat pattern was positively associated with DBP and the risk of hypertension. These findings may well have important public health implications.
Neural correlates of hierarchical predictive processes in autistic adults
Authors: Sapey-Triomphe Laurie-Anne , Pattyn Lauren , Weilnhammer Veith , Sterzer Philipp , Wagemans Johan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBayesian theories of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) suggest that atypical predictive mechanisms could underlie the autistic symptomatology, but little is known about their neural correlates. Twenty-six neurotypical (NT) and 26 autistic adults participated in an fMRI study where they performed an associative learning task in a volatile environment. By inverting a model of perceptual inference, we characterized the neural correlates of hierarchically structured predictions and prediction errors in ASD. Behaviorally, the predictive abilities of autistic adults were intact. Neurally, predictions were encoded hierarchically in both NT and ASD participants and biased their percepts. High-level predictions were following activity levels in a set of regions more closely in ASD than NT. Prediction errors yielded activation in shared regions in NT and ASD, but group differences were found in the anterior cingulate cortex and putamen. This study sheds light on the neural specificities of ASD that might underlie atypical predictive processing.
Structural insights into regulation of the PEAK3 pseudokinase scaffold by 14-3-3
Authors: Torosyan Hayarpi , Paul Michael D. , Forget Antoine , Lo Megan , Diwanji Devan , Pawłowski Krzysztof , Krogan Nevan J. , Jura Natalia , Verba Kliment A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPEAK pseudokinases are molecular scaffolds which dimerize to regulate cell migration, morphology, and proliferation, as well as cancer progression. The mechanistic role dimerization plays in PEAK scaffolding remains unclear, as there are no structures of PEAKs in complex with their interactors. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of dimeric PEAK3 in complex with an endogenous 14-3-3 heterodimer. Our structure reveals an asymmetric binding mode between PEAK3 and 14-3-3 stabilized by one pseudokinase domain and the SHED domain of the PEAK3 dimer. The binding interface contains a canonical phosphosite-dependent primary interaction and a unique secondary interaction not observed in previous structures of 14-3-3/client complexes. Additionally, we show that PKD regulates PEAK3/14-3-3 binding, which when prevented leads to PEAK3 nuclear enrichment and distinct protein-protein interactions. Altogether, our data demonstrate that PEAK3 dimerization forms an unusual secondary interface for 14-3-3 binding, facilitating 14-3-3 regulation of PEAK3 localization and interactome diversity.
Collective photothermal bending of flexible organic crystals modified with MXene-polymer multilayers as optical waveguide arrays
Authors: Yang Xuesong , Lan Linfeng , Li Liang , Yu Jinyang , Liu Xiaokong , Tao Ying , Yang Quan-Hong , Naumov Panče , Zhang Hongyu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe performance of any engineering material is naturally limited by its structure, and while each material suffers from one or multiple shortcomings when considered for a particular application, these can be potentially circumvented by hybridization with other materials. By combining organic crystals with MXenes as thermal absorbers and charged polymers as adhesive counter-ionic components, we propose a simple access to flexible hybrid organic crystal materials that have the ability to mechanically respond to infrared light. The ensuing hybrid organic crystals are durable, respond fast, and can be cycled between straight and deformed state repeatedly without fatigue. The point of flexure and the curvature of the crystals can be precisely controlled by modulating the position, duration, and power of thermal excitation, and this control can be extended from individual hybrid crystals to motion of ordered two-dimensional arrays of such crystals. We also demonstrate that excitation can be achieved over very long distances (>3 m). The ability to control the shape with infrared light adds to the versatility in the anticipated applications of organic crystals, most immediately in their application as thermally controllable flexible optical waveguides for signal transmission in flexible organic electronics.
400nm ultra-broadband gratings for near-single-cycle 100 Petawatt lasers
Authors: Han Yuxing , Li Zhaoyang , Zhang Yibin , Kong Fanyu , Cao Hongchao , Jin Yunxia , Leng Yuxin , Li Ruxin , Shao Jianda 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCompressing high-energy laser pulses to a single-cycle and realizing the “λ3 laser concept”, where λ is the wavelength of the laser, will break the current limitation of super-scale projects and contribute to the future 100-petawatt and even Exawatt lasers. Here, we have realized ultra-broadband gold gratings, core optics in the chirped pulse amplification, in the 750–1150 nm spectral range with a > 90% −1 order diffraction efficiency for near single-cycle pulse stretching and compression. The grating is also compatible with azimuthal angles from −15° to 15°, making it possible to design a three-dimensional compressor. In developing and manufacturing processes, a crucial grating profile with large base width and sharp ridge is carefully optimized and controlled to dramatically broaden the high diffraction efficiency bandwidth from the current 100–200 nm to over 400 nm. This work has removed a key obstacle to achieving the near single-cycle 100-PW lasers in the future.
Evolvability-enhancing mutations in the fitness landscapes of an RNA and a protein
Authors: Wagner Andreas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCan evolvability—the ability to produce adaptive heritable variation—itself evolve through adaptive Darwinian evolution? If so, then Darwinian evolution may help create the conditions that enable Darwinian evolution. Here I propose a framework that is suitable to address this question with available experimental data on adaptive landscapes. I introduce the notion of an evolvability-enhancing mutation, which increases the likelihood that subsequent mutations in an evolving organism, protein, or RNA molecule are adaptive. I search for such mutations in the experimentally characterized and combinatorially complete fitness landscapes of a protein and an RNA molecule. I find that such evolvability-enhancing mutations indeed exist. They constitute a small fraction of all mutations, which shift the distribution of fitness effects of subsequent mutations towards less deleterious mutations, and increase the incidence of beneficial mutations. Evolving populations which experience such mutations can evolve significantly higher fitness. The study of evolvability-enhancing mutations opens many avenues of investigation into the evolution of evolvability.
ATR kinase supports normal proliferation in the early S phase by preventing replication resource exhaustion
Authors: Menolfi Demis , Lee Brian J. , Zhang Hanwen , Jiang Wenxia , Bowen Nicole E. , Wang Yunyue , Zhao Junfei , Holmes Antony , Gershik Steven , Rabadan Raul , Kim Baek , Zha Shan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe ATR kinase, which coordinates cellular responses to DNA replication stress, is also essential for the proliferation of normal unstressed cells. Although its role in the replication stress response is well defined, the mechanisms by which ATR supports normal cell proliferation remain elusive. Here, we show that ATR is dispensable for the viability of G0-arrested naïve B cells. However, upon cytokine-induced proliferation, Atr-deficient B cells initiate DNA replication efficiently, but by mid-S phase they display dNTP depletion, fork stalling, and replication failure. Nonetheless, productive DNA replication and dNTP levels can be restored in Atr-deficient cells by suppressing origin firing, such as partial inhibition of CDC7 and CDK1 kinase activities. Together, these findings indicate that ATR supports the proliferation of normal unstressed cells by tempering the pace of origin firing during the early S phase to avoid exhaustion of dNTPs and importantly also other replication factors.
Structural basis for DARC binding in reticulocyte invasion by Plasmodium vivax
Authors: Moskovitz Re’em , Pholcharee Tossapol , DonVito Sophia M. , Guloglu Bora , Lowe Edward , Mohring Franziska , Moon Robert W. , Higgins Matthew K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe symptoms of malaria occur during the blood stage of infection, when the parasite replicates within human red blood cells. The human malaria parasite, Plasmodium vivax, selectively invades reticulocytes in a process which requires an interaction between the ectodomain of the human DARC receptor and the Plasmodium vivax Duffy-binding protein, PvDBP. Previous studies have revealed that a small helical peptide from DARC binds to region II of PvDBP (PvDBP-RII). However, it is also known that sulphation of tyrosine residues on DARC affects its binding to PvDBP and these residues were not observed in previous structures. We therefore present the structure of PvDBP-RII bound to sulphated DARC peptide, showing that a sulphate on tyrosine 41 binds to a charged pocket on PvDBP-RII. We use molecular dynamics simulations, affinity measurements and growth-inhibition experiments in parasites to confirm the importance of this interaction. We also reveal the epitope for vaccine-elicited growth-inhibitory antibody DB1. This provides a complete understanding of the binding of PvDBP-RII to DARC and will guide the design of vaccines and therapeutics to target this essential interaction.
Safety and immunogenicity of a phase 1/2 randomized clinical trial of a quadrivalent, mRNA-based seasonal influenza vaccine (mRNA-1010) in healthy adults: interim analysis
Authors: Lee Ivan T. , Nachbagauer Raffael , Ensz David , Schwartz Howard , Carmona Lizbeth , Schaefers Kristi , Avanesov Andrei , Stadlbauer Daniel , Henry Carole , Chen Ren , Huang Wenmei , Schrempp Daniela Ramirez , Ananworanich Jintanat , Paris Robert 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite vaccine availability, influenza remains a substantial global public health concern. Here, we report interim findings on the primary and secondary objectives of the safety, reactogenicity, and humoral immunogenicity of a quadrivalent messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine against seasonal influenza, mRNA-1010, from the first 2 parts of a 3-part, first-in-human, phase 1/2 clinical trial in healthy adults aged ≥18 years (NCT04956575). In the placebo-controlled Part 1, a single dose of mRNA-1010 (50 µg, 100 µg, or 200 µg) elicited hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers against vaccine-matched strains. In the active-comparator-controlled Part 2, mRNA-1010 (25 µg, 50 µg, or 100 µg) elicited higher HAI titers than a standard dose, inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine for influenza A strains and comparable HAI titers for influenza B strains. No safety concerns were identified; solicited adverse reactions were dose-dependent and more frequent after receipt of mRNA-1010 than the active comparator. These interim data support continued development of mRNA-1010.
Low power flexible monolayer MoS2 integrated circuits
Authors: Tang Jian , Wang Qinqin , Tian Jinpeng , Li Xiaomei , Li Na , Peng Yalin , Li Xiuzhen , Zhao Yanchong , He Congli , Wu Shuyu , Li Jiawei , Guo Yutuo , Huang Biying , Chu Yanbang , Ji Yiru , Shang Dashan , Du Luojun , Yang Rong , Yang Wei , Bai Xuedong , Shi Dongxia , Zhang Guangyu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMonolayer molybdenum disulfide (ML-MoS2) is an emergent two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor holding potential for flexible integrated circuits (ICs). The most important demands for the application of such ML-MoS2 ICs are low power consumption and high performance. However, these are currently challenging to satisfy due to limitations in the material quality and device fabrication technology. In this work, we develop an ultra-thin high-κ dielectric/metal gate fabrication technique for the realization of thin film transistors based on high-quality wafer scale ML-MoS2 on both rigid and flexible substrates. The rigid devices can be operated in the deep-subthreshold regime with low power consumption and show negligible hysteresis, sharp subthreshold slope, high current density, and ultra-low leakage currents. Moreover, we realize fully functional large-scale flexible ICs operating at voltages below 1 V. Our process could represent a key step towards using energy-efficient flexible ML-MoS2 ICs in portable, wearable, and implantable electronics.