bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0206 2021 Analysis of the Mediating Effect of Sleep on the Relationship Between Exercise and Frequent Mental Distress
Authors: Gonzales Jeremy , Valdez Kelly 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Adolescents are at an increased risk of frequent mental distress, defined as experiencing poor mental health such as stress, anxiety, and depression, due to a variety of factors. In 2021 it was shown that the prevalence of frequent mental distress was higher than in previous years (NM-YRRS, 2021). According to Paruthi et. al. (2016), Adolescents require 9 to 10 hours of sleep per night. However, during the school year, the average sleep duration for adolescents is between 6.5 and 8.5 hours per night (Brand et. al., 2010). One potential solution to improve adolescent sleep is frequent moderate to vigorous exercise, which has been shown to have a positive relationship with favorable and healthy sleep patterns in adolescents. (Brand et al., 2010). Due to early school days, insufficient sleep has been found to contribute to frequent mental distress and poor academic performance in adolescents (Blackwelder, Hoskins & Huber, 2021). Aerobic exercise has been demonstrated to regulate emotions, while decreased rates of exercise have been shown to increase suicidality (Siddiqui, et. al., 2022). Thus, we hypothesize that inadequate exercise puts youth at an increased risk of frequent mental distress via the pathway of insufficient sleep. We further anticipate that boys and girls will experience this relationship at a different magnitude, with girls experiencing the effects of insufficient exercise on sleep more intensely because of gender-based differences in sleep duration requirements (Brand, et. al., 2010).

Methods
Using the 2021 New Mexico Youth Risk and Resiliency Survey (NM-YRRS) high school dataset, we will analyze this association using logistic regression. The NM-YRRS includes 16,000 students from across New Mexico high schools. Subgroup analyses are important considering evidence that there is a greater prevalence of frequent insufficient sleep among Native Americans (Chapman et al., 2013). The NM-YRRS oversamples Native American and rural populations in the state to ensure more representation of these populations than other surveys provide. The national CDC’s Youth Risk and Behavior Survey data across the United States will be available in January of 2023 where we will compare New Mexico’s data to National data.

Results
TBA

Conclusion
TBA

Support (if any)
0208 Behavioral phenotyping based on physical inactivity can predict sleep in female rats before, during, and after sleep disruption
Authors: Kostiew Kora , Tuli Diya , Coborn Jamie , Sinton Christopher , Teske Jennifer 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Poor sleep affects health. Noise exposure reduces and disrupts sleep in a sex-dependent manner. Non-invasive methods to predict vigilance states have not been tested in female rodents, even though sleep is sex-dependent due to hormonal changes across the estrous cycle. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the duration of physical inactivity (PIA) would 1) change with the differences in baseline sleep between the light and dark cycle and estrous cycle phases and 2) predict sleep and the change in sleep before, during, and after sleep disruption (SD) independent of circadian phase and estrous cycle.

Methods
Female Sprague-Dawley rats (N=5) implanted with EEG and EMG leads had EEG, EMG, and physical activity measured continuously before, during and after SD caused by noise exposure (i.e., baseline, SD, and recovery for 4d during each study period). Sleep was determined based on two methods [EEG/EMG and a criterion based on the duration of continuous (PIA)]. Reliability was tested with a previously validated criterion (40s). Sensitivity analyses and criterion-related validity analyses for sleep during SD and recovery were conducted across multiple criteria (10-120s). Predictability between the two methods and changes in sleep were calculated.

Results
The 10-30s criteria predicted baseline sleep independent of circadian phase and estrous cycle. The 30s criterion predicted noise-induced SD for the light cycle but no criterion predicted change in sleep for the light cycle. The 10s and 30s criteria predicted noise-induced SD and change in sleep for the dark cycle and 24h period, respectively. Thus, criteria in the 10-30s range predicted recovery sleep and the change in sleep in a manner that was dependent on circadian phase and estrous cycle.

Conclusion
Although a single criterion predicted baseline sleep, sleep during SD and recovery were predicted by different durations of PIA, which were dependent on the circadian phase, phase of the estrous cycle and study period. Hence, this study validates a non-invasive method to measure sleep in female rats and suggests that menstrual phase should be considered when developing non-invasive methods for measuring sleep in women.

Support (if any)
US Department of Agriculture
0210 Conservation of Prior Slow Wave Sleep Does Not Provide Resilience to Neurobehavioral Impairment during Total Sleep Deprivation
Authors: Skeiky Lillian , Honn Kimberly , Satterfield Brieann , Van Dongen Hans 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Slow wave sleep (SWS) is thought to play a critical, if not unique, role in resilience and recovery of waking function. It has been posited that if SWS is preserved, the impact of sleep restriction on subsequent neurobehavioral functioning should be minimal. In this context, we investigated the effects of a delayed and restricted sleep opportunity on SWS and on neurobehavioral impairment during a subsequent period of total sleep deprivation (TSD).

Methods
N=21 healthy adults (21–38y, 9f) underwent three separate periods of 36h TSD, each preceded by one week of prior sleep extension to 12h time in bed (TIB) per night (PSE condition, twice), or prior sleep restriction to 6h TIB per night (PSR condition, once). The last night of each condition was spent inside the laboratory. TIB for the pre-TSD night was 22:00–10:00 (PSE) or 04:00–10:00 (PSR). During each 36h TSD period, subjects completed a neurobehavioral task battery every 2h including a digit-symbol substitution test (DSST) measuring cognitive throughput and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) measuring subjective sleepiness. Following TSD, subjects had a 12h sleep opportunity (22:00–10:00). Sleep was recorded polysomnographically during both pre- and post-TSD nights.

Results
The pre-TSD night in the PSR condition had less total sleep time, with significant reductions (p&lt; 0.001) in N1, N2, and REM durations compared to the PSE condition. There were no significant differences between the PSE and PSR conditions in SWS duration (p=0.40). Moreover, in the post-TSD night, there were no significant differences (p&gt;0.1) between the PSE and PSR conditions in any of the sleep stages, including SWS. Neurobehavioral functioning during TSD exhibited significant effects (p&lt; 0.02) of prior sleep condition on DSST throughput and KSS sleepiness, with reduced throughput and increased sleepiness in the PSR condition relative to the PSE condition.

Conclusion
SWS was remarkably conserved in delayed, restricted sleep compared to extended sleep. However, this conservation of SWS did not prevent exacerbation of DSST throughput deficits or KSS sleepiness from prior sleep restriction during subsequent TSD. As such, other aspects of sleep besides SWS are also important in mediating sleep-induced resilience and recovery.

Support (if any)
NASA NAG9-1161, CDMRP W81XWH-20-1-0442, ARO W911NF2210223.
0211 Experimental Sleep Restriction, Moral Absolutism, and Religiosity
Authors: Fergason Kyla , Nickel Allison , Diaz Laurel , Salman Manaal , Rowatt Wade , Hebl Michelle , Scullin Michael 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Moral absolutism is the notion that “rights” and “wrongs” are independent of situational circumstances, and it is a core philosophy of many religious traditions. We tested whether active church members and Christian pastors showed resiliency to mild sleep restriction when reporting religious beliefs/cognitions, when logging spiritual behaviors, and when judging the deserved-punishments for moral mistakes.

Methods
We recruited 92 adults who identified as active in Christian churches (members and pastors). On a Monday, participants completed baseline religiosity, mood, and cognitive functioning measures and were then randomly assigned to adhere to early (10:30pm) or late (1:30am) bedtimes for four nights, with 7:30am waketimes, while wearing actigraphy and keeping a daily diary of spiritual behaviors. On Friday, participants repeated the baseline assessments, responded whether a series of biblical stories were literal versus figurative, and rated a series of vignettes about moral mistakes that were committed by in-group leaders (pastors) and out-group leaders (imams; vignettes counterbalanced).

Results
The late bedtime condition reduced actigraphy-defined sleep by 85 min/night (p&lt;.001). Despite spending more time awake, this sleep restricted group reported engaging in fewer spiritual behaviors during the week (e.g., prayer time; p&lt;.01). On Friday, the sleep restricted group had worse mood disturbances (p&lt;.001), worse subjective sleepiness (p&lt;.001), and altered perceptions of the meaning of the Garden of Eden and Noah’s ark biblical stories (p&lt;.05). Fluid intelligence was unaffected (p=.78). When evaluating religious leaders who made moral mistakes, the sleep restricted participants were significantly less forgiving (p&lt;.01); for example, well-rested participants thought such leaders were still “somewhat likely” to get into Heaven, but sleep-restricted participants rated the leaders as “not very likely” to get into Heaven (p&lt;.01). The effects of sleep restriction were most prominent in participants who most frequently attended religious services and when rating out-group religious leaders (r = -.49; opposite patterns were noted when participants were well-rested).

Conclusion
In contrast to moral absolutism philosophies, very mild sleep restriction produced significant changes to religious cognitions (story interpretation), spiritual behaviors, and expressions of beliefs (likeliness of getting into Heaven), and expressions of virtues (decreased forgiveness).

Support (if any)
URSA Grant and National Science Foundation (1920730, 1943323).
0214 Sleep Duration Moderates The Link Between Youth Impulsivity And Mature-Rated Media Usage One Year Later
Authors: Zhang Linhao , Kiss Orsolya , Nagata Jason , de Zambotti Massimiliano , Baker Fiona C , Oshri Assaf 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Adolescents who evince higher levels of impulsive traits are more susceptible to early use of mature-rated gaming and watching R-rated movies. This is a major public health concern because exposure to mature-rated media in youth is associated with decreased empathy and aggressive behaviors later in life. However, not all youth with higher impulsive traits will be engaged in those risky media activities. Sleep is a critical bioregulatory behavior during adolescence, and shorter sleep duration is associated with decreased emotional regulation and attention span. Yet, few studies examined whether sleep duration moderates the association between impulsivity and risky media usage.

Methods
The current study examines the associations between sleep, impulsivity, and mature-rated video gaming and movie watching using longitudinal data of 2,757 early adolescents (49.3% female, Mage at 3-year follow-up=12.9 years, SD=0.65), collected through the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study® (2021, release 4.0). The participants’ weighted weekly sleep duration was measured via Fitbit watches for at least seven days at 2-year follow-up. Participants completed questionnaires about impulsivity via UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale at 2-year follow-up and R-rated movie watching and mature video gaming at 2- and 3-year follow-up. Structural equation modeling was conducted in Mplus 8.1 to test impulsivity and sleep duration’s direct and interaction effects on mature media use while controlling for bedtime screen use, parental monitoring, and demographic covariates.

Results
Higher impulsivity was predictive for more R-rated movie watching (β=0.09, p&lt;.001) one year later. Shorter sleep duration was predictive for more mature video gaming (β=-0.05, p=.006) and R-rated movie watching (β=-0.07, p&lt;.001) one year later. Sleep duration moderates the association between impulsivity and R-rated movie watching (β=-0.04, p=.03). Among youth with high impulsivity, shorter sleep duration was associated with an increased risk for R-rated movie watching.

Conclusion
Impulsivity is associated with R-rated movie watching, and short sleep duration (objectively measured with Fitbit) in early adolescence partially moderates the association between impulsivity and mature media usage. Sleep duration may be a modifiable factor for prevention and intervention efforts, especially in adolescents at higher risk for excessive mature-rated media usage.

Support (if any)
National Institutes of Health
0215 Targeting the Knowledge-Behavior Gap in Sleep: The Impact of Augmenting Sleep Education with Implementation Intentions
Authors: Barley Blake , Scullin Michael 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep education programs are increasingly utilized in high schools and universities to address late bedtimes and poor sleep quality in students. While these programs successfully improve sleep knowledge, they often do not change sleep behaviors (e.g., bedtimes), especially during academically demanding/stressful periods. A potential method for bridging the knowledge-behavior gap in sleep is to augment sleep education with implementation intention formation (Education+II), an established goal-fulfillment strategy. We tested this intervention in a highly demanding context: students enrolled in organic chemistry classes.

Methods
Undergraduate students (N=101) completed baseline questionnaires and actigraphy monitoring before completing a standardized sleep education program (Sleep 101). Afterward, participants were randomly assigned to an Education-Only condition or an Education+II condition. In the Education+II condition, using standardized if-then verbalization and visualization techniques, participants formed specific plans to go to bed earlier for the next five school nights. Participants were sent text reminders to implement their specific plans; nightly texts were also sent to Education-Only participants, but they were asked to reply with an interesting fact about sleep they learned during the education program. Participants completed questionnaires at the end of the intervention period as well as during 1-month and 7-month follow-up periods.

Results
There were significant time-dependent improvements in total sleep time, global sleep quality, mood, and perceived stress across groups, suggesting benefits of receiving sleep education. Participants in the Education+II condition demonstrated earlier bedtimes than those in the Education-Only condition during the intervention phase (both actigraphy and self-report) and at least one month later. Forming an implementation intention did not improve organic chemistry grades on a group-level, but grades in non-chemistry courses were higher in Education+II participants who maintained earlier bedtimes (a correlational pattern specific to this condition).

Conclusion
Augmenting sleep education with implementation intentions successfully advanced bedtimes during a rigorous organic chemistry course. Implementation intentions are a no-cost technique that is easy to build into sleep education programs. Doing so will encourage individuals to turn their general intentions to get better sleep into actualizable steps that facilitate behavioral change.

Support (if any)
National Science Foundation CAREER grant (1943323).
0219 Experimental study on thermal comfort and sleep quality of sleeping people in overheated bedroom conditions in the UK
Authors: Bhadra Jaydeep , Beizaee Arash , Lomas Kevin , Hartescu Iuliana 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Thermal comfort and sleep quality are important factors in human health and well-being and can be influenced by various environmental factors such as ambient temperature, humidity, and airflow. The microclimate within a bed, or the local climate immediately surrounding a person's body while they sleep, can also have a significant impact on thermal comfort and sleep quality.

Methods
In this paper, we investigate the relationship between bed microclimate and thermal comfort and sleep quality in overheated bedroom conditions that are prevalent during heatwaves in the United Kingdom. Participants were screened using the Sleep Disorder Symptoms Checklist (SDS-CL)-25 and health questionnaire. 10 healthy participants were recruited in a 3-night sleep monitoring in the bedrooms of student accommodation hall at Loughborough University campus in the summer of 2022. Baseline sleep quality (in-home) was objectively and subjectively collected for all the participants before the onset of the 3-night sleep monitoring period. Subjective response (self-rating) of sleep quality, sleep satisfaction, thermal sensation, and thermal satisfaction of the room and bed microclimate was collected using Consensus Sleep Diary and survey questionnaires, twice each night (before sleeping) and once in the morning (after waking up). Data on sleeping environment conditions (both room thermal environment and bed microclimate) were collected every night throughout the experiment period. Sleep quality of participants was objectively measured using actigraphy method and mean skin temperature was measured using wireless sensors at ten locations on the body.

Results
Overall, sleep quality in the overheated bedroom conditions was poorer compared to the baseline sleep quality. We found that the sleep efficiency reduced, and the self-rated sleep experience was significantly poorer, compared to the baseline. Impact of room thermal conditions on sleep latency was examined, which was found to be increased significantly in the overheated conditions compared to baseline (at home). The results also highlight the statistical significance between sleep quality, skin temperature, and bed temperature.

Conclusion
This study highlights the impact of overheated bedroom conditions (room environment and bed microclimate) on both thermal comfort and sleep quality, and the importance of considering the bed microclimate in the design and management of sleeping environments.

Support (if any)
EPSRC grant number EP/S021671/1
0222 University students procrastinate going to bed for multiple reasons that result in shorter sleep on school and non-school nights
Authors: Gooley Joshua , Kok Venetia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Bedtime procrastination occurs when individuals go to bed later than they intended despite knowing that there may be negative consequences. The prevalence, drivers, and consequences of bedtime procrastination on daily sleep behavior are poorly understood. In university students, (1) we measured the frequencies and reasons for going to bed later than intended, and (2) we tested the hypothesis that bedtime procrastination results in shorter sleep on school nights but not non-school nights.

Methods
University students living in a residential college (n=109) completed daily sleep diaries for 2 weeks during their school semester. Each morning, students indicated if they went to bed later than they intended and the associated reasons. Sleep parameters included bedtime, wake-up time, and nocturnal time in bed for sleep. Simple effect sizes were used to compare mean differences in sleep behavior on nights with versus without bedtime procrastination.

Results
Students went to bed later than they intended on approximately half of all nights, irrespective of whether they had school the next day (school nights, 56.6%; non-school nights, 51.6%). On school and non-school nights with bedtime procrastination, time in bed was shorter by about 45 min (school nights: mean difference=-0.74h, 95% CI= -0.97h to -0.53h; non-school nights: mean difference=-0.79h, 95% CI=-1.01h to -0.58h). The most common reason for bedtime procrastination was “lost track of time” (34.9%), which was reported nearly twice as often compared with “wanted some me time” (19.5%), “wasn’t tired yet” (16.7%), “engaging in social leisure activities in person” (15.2%), and “engaging in social leisure activities online” (13.6%). The largest decrease in time in bed was observed when bedtime procrastination occurred due to in-person social activities (mean difference=-1.23h, 95% CI=-1.49h to -0.97h).

Conclusion
University students living in a residential college frequently engaged in bedtime procrastination on school and non-school nights, resulting in shorter nocturnal sleep opportunities. Losing track of time was the most common reason, suggesting that interventions for improving sleep in these students should emphasize self-regulation and time management skills. Our findings also suggest a strong social component of bedtime procrastination.

Support (if any)
Ministry of Education, Singapore (MOE2019-T2-074)
0226 Effect of Wake Extension and Short Recovery Sleep on Objective Vigilance and Subjective Sleepiness in Young Adolescents
Authors: Dionisos Victoria , Christiansen Taylor , Mason Gina , Dickstein Daniel , Carskadon Mary , Saletin Jared 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Adolescents routinely experience insufficient sleep. Compared to adults, less is known regarding how wake extension and recovery sleep impact objective and subjective indexes of vigilance in youth. Here we explore these questions using acute wake extension.

Methods
Twenty-two 10–13-year-old children (12.03±1.14 years, 12F) completed a week of actigraphy-monitored at-home sleep stabilization (9.5h TIB). Participants then slept in the laboratory with polysomnography for a baseline (BSL) opportunity of 9.5h (21:00-06:30) and returned the subsequent evening for wake extension (WE) to 02:30 and a 4h recovery sleep opportunity (02:30-06:30). Participants completed performance testing batteries including a 5-minute tablet-based visual adaptation of the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT; BrainBaseline) and introspective ratings at 20:00 and 07:30, as well as at three additional times during WE: 22:00, 00:00, and 01:30. The current analyses focused on PVT reciprocal reaction time (RRT: 1/RT) and the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) ratings.

Results
One-way ANOVA across WE (20:00, 22:00, 00:00, 01:30) showed a main effect of time for slower reaction times as participants remained awake (m±sd [1/s] 20:00: 2.01±0.32; 22:00: 1.84±0.33; 00:00: 1.79±0.29; 01:30: 1.71±0.34; F(3,63)=13.78, p&lt;.05, ηp2= .40). After recovery sleep, RRTs at 07:30 (1.69±0.31) were slower than those at 07:30 after baseline sleep (1.95±0.36) (t(21)=5.46, p&lt;.001) and did not differ from 01:30 during WE (t(21)=0.64, p=0.53), indicating persistent impairment after recovery sleep. A main effect of time during WE was also seen for the SSS (20:00: 1.77±0.69; 22:00: 3.36±1.71; 00:00: 4.14±1.21; 01:30: 5.68±1.25; F(3,63)=56.80, p&lt;.001, ηp2= .73). Morning SSS scores were higher (sleepier) on WE (2.24±1.30) than BSL (1.71±0.90) (t(20)=2.45, p=.024). However, unlike RRTs, morning SSS scores were also significantly lower (less sleepy) at 07:30 following recovery sleep compared to 01:30 during WE (t(21)=9.80, p&lt;.001).

Conclusion
Vigilance performance and sleepiness after 13.5 until 19 h awake worsened and PVT performance did not improve after 4h recovery sleep; however, perceived sleepiness after 4h recovery sleep decreased. This incongruent performance and perception confirms the vulnerability of youth to even partial sleep loss. Our next analyses will consider inattention phenotypes and recovery sleep physiology as potential moderators of these effects.

Support (if any)
K01MH109854, P20GM139743