bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deletion of CaMKIIα disrupts glucose metabolism, glutamate uptake, and synaptic energetics in the cerebral cortex
Authors: Andersen Jens V. , Westi Emil W. , Griem‐Krey Nane , Skotte Niels H. , Schousboe Arne , Aldana Blanca I. , Wellendorph Petrine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCa2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II alpha (CaMKIIα) is a key regulator of neuronal signaling and synaptic plasticity. Synaptic activity and neurotransmitter homeostasis are closely coupled to the energy metabolism of both neurons and astrocytes. However, whether CaMKIIα function is implicated in brain energy and neurotransmitter metabolism remains unclear. Here, we explored the metabolic consequences of CaMKIIα deletion in the cerebral cortex using a genetic CaMKIIα knockout (KO) mouse. Energy and neurotransmitter metabolism was functionally investigated in acutely isolated cerebral cortical slices using stable 13C isotope tracing, whereas the metabolic function of synaptosomes was assessed by the rates of glycolytic activity and mitochondrial respiration. The oxidative metabolism of [U‐13C]glucose was extensively reduced in cerebral cortical slices of the CaMKIIα KO mice. In contrast, metabolism of [1,2‐13C]acetate, primarily reflecting astrocyte metabolism, was unaffected. Cellular uptake, and subsequent metabolism, of [U‐13C]glutamate was decreased in cerebral cortical slices of CaMKIIα KO mice, whereas uptake and metabolism of [U‐13C]GABA were unaffected, suggesting selective metabolic impairments of the excitatory system. Synaptic metabolic function was maintained during resting conditions in isolated synaptosomes from CaMKIIα KO mice, but both the glycolytic and mitochondrial capacities became insufficient when the synaptosomes were metabolically challenged. Collectively, this study shows that global deletion of CaMKIIα significantly impairs cellular energy and neurotransmitter metabolism, particularly of neurons, suggesting a metabolic role of CaMKIIα signaling in the brain.image
The distribution of marginal excess cement of implant‐supported vented and non‐vented zirconia crowns with and without cleaning procedures
Authors: Wang Fangfang , Li Qiang , Chen Li , Liu Hui , Chen Lin , Dong Heng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the distribution of marginal excess cement in vented and non‐vented crowns and evaluate the effect of clinical cleaning procedures on the reduction of excess cement.Materials and methodsForty models with implant analogs in the position of the right maxillary first molar were divided into four groups (n = 10/group, vented/non‐vented crowns with or without cleaning procedures). The abutment finish lines were placed 1 mm below the artificial gingiva buccally, mesially, and distally and at the gingival level palatally. A standardized amount (20 mg) of resin cement was applied in a thin layer to the intaglio surface of zirconia vented and non‐vented crowns. The excess cement was removed by a dental explorer in groups with cleaning procedures. The distribution (area and depth) of the marginal excess cement was measured at each quadrant (buccal, mesial, palatal, and distal) for all study samples. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics (ɑ = 0.05).ResultsThe area and depth values of the excess cement in each quadrant in the vented group were significantly smaller than that in the non‐vented group, both with and without cleaning (p < 0.001). Cleaning procedures significantly reduced the area of excess cement in both vented and non‐vented groups (all, p < 0.001 except for p < 0.05 at the buccal aspect of the vented group). The depth of excess cement in the vented group was significantly decreased with cleaning in the buccal quadrant compared with that without cleaning (p < 0.01). However, the depth of excess cement of the non‐vented group was significantly increased with cleaning in all quadrants compared with that without cleaning (all, p < 0.001 except for p < 0.05 at the distal aspect).ConclusionsCrown venting significantly reduced the area and depth of the marginal excess cement in vitro. Cleaning procedure with a dental explorer significantly reduced the area of marginal excess cement in vitro; however, the excess cement can be pushed deeper in the non‐vented group.
mTORC2‐AKT‐LAT1 signalling participates in methionine‐induced β‐CASEIN expression in mammary epithelial cells of dairy cows
Authors: Duan Xiaoyu , Liu Chuanping , Gong Xiaoqing , Yang Yang , Jiao Hongtao , Lin Ye , Hou Xiaoming 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the role of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2)‐protein kinase B (AKT) signalling in methionine (Met)‐induced L‐type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) expression and milk protein production. Primary mammary epithelial cells (MECs) from mammary parenchymal tissues of three lactating cows and MAC‐T bovine MECs were cultured with or without 0.6 mM Met. Rapamycin‐insensitive companion of mTOR (RICTOR) siRNA, the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin and the AKT activator SC79 were used to evaluate the effects of mTORC2‐AKT signalling on Met‐induced LAT1 expression and function. Each experiment was performed three times. Data were analysed with a two‐sided unpaired t test or ANOVA with the Bonferroni multiple‐comparison test. Western blotting showed that Met stimulation increased RICTOR expression (~244.67%; p < 0.05; control, 0.15 ± 0.026; Met, 0.517 ± 0.109) and AKT‐S473 levels (~281.42%; p < 0.01; control, 0.253 ± 0.067; Met, 0.965 ± 0.019) in both primary MECs and MAC‐T cells. Rapamycin‐induced mTORC1 signalling inhibition decreased only Met‐induced β‐CASEIN expression by ~21.24% (p < 0.01; Met, 0.777 ± 0.01; Met and rapamycin, 0.612 ± 0.04) and did not affect Met‐stimulated AKT‐S473 levels, suggesting that mTORC2‐AKT activation upon Met stimulation also contributes to milk protein synthesis. LAT1 participates in Met‐induced β‐CASEIN expression. In dairy cow MECs, mTORC2 inhibition by RICTOR siRNA decreased LAT1 levels on the plasma membrane by ~45.13% (p < 0.01; control, 0.359 ± 0.006; siRICTOR, 0.197 ± 0.004). However, SC79‐induced AKT activation had the opposite effect (p < 0.01). In primary MECs and MAC‐T cells, Met stimulation increased cytosolic and plasma membrane LAT1 expression respectively (MECs, 113.98% and 58.43%; MAC‐T, 165.85% and 396.39%; p < 0.05). However, RICTOR siRNA significantly reduced Met‐induced plasma membrane LAT1 expression (~76.48%; Met, 0.539 ± 0.05; Met and siRICTOR, 0.127 ± 0.012; p < 0.05). Thus, Met increased LAT1 expression and function via mTORC2‐AKT signalling, upregulating milk protein synthesis in dairy cow MECs.
Effects of dietary lysine level on the growth performance, protein metabolism, and antioxidant status in Hemibagrus wyckioides juveniles
Authors: Sun Yan , Huang Han , Li Biwei , Su Linhai , Deng Junming , Cao Zhiyong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn 11‐week feeding trial was conducted to assess the dietary lysine requirement for juvenile Hemibagrus wyckioides. Six isoproteic and isoenergetic diets (41.66% crude protein, 20.56 kJ/g gross energy) containing 1.1%, 1.5%, 1.9%, 2.3%, 2.7%, and 3.1% lysine were prepared to feed juveniles (average initial body weights of 1.25 g), respectively. The weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio significantly improved with the dietary lysine level up to 2.3%, 1.9%, 2.3%, and 2.3%, and then plateaued afterwards. The highest midgut trypsin and lipase activities as well as plasma antioxidant enzyme activities and nitric oxide content but the lowest plasma malondialdehyde content were recorded in fish fed diet with 2.3% lysine. Fish fed diets with 1.9% or 2.3% lysine exhibited the highest plasma total protein and insulin contents, the lowest plasma ammonia content, and relative expression levels of glutamate dehydrogenase in the liver and adenosine monophosphate deaminase in the liver and muscle. Similarly, fish‐fed diet with 2.7% lysine showed the lowest hepatic alanine aminotransferase activity but the highest hepatic expression level of the mammalian target of rapamycin. Broken‐line regression analysis based on SGR and FCR showed that the dietary lysine requirement for juvenile H. wyckioides was 2.04% to 2.09%, while dietary lysine of 2.3% was optimum for the antioxidant status of H. wyckioides.
Evolutionary history explains foliar spectral differences between arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal plant species
Authors: Jantzen Johanna R. , Laliberté Etienne , Carteron Alexis , Beauchamp‐Rioux Rosalie , Blanchard Florence , Crofts Anna L. , Girard Alizée , Hacker Paul W. , Pardo Juliana , Schweiger Anna K. , Demers‐Thibeault Sabrina , Coops Nicholas C. , Kalacska Margaret , Vellend Mark , Bruneau Anne 
Published: March 2023

Summary
Leaf spectra are integrated foliar phenotypes that capture a range of traits and can provide insight into ecological processes. Leaf traits, and therefore leaf spectra, may reflect belowground processes such as mycorrhizal associations. However, evidence for the relationship between leaf traits and mycorrhizal association is mixed, and few studies account for shared evolutionary history.
We conduct partial least squares discriminant analysis to assess the ability of spectra to predict mycorrhizal type. We model the evolution of leaf spectra for 92 vascular plant species and use phylogenetic comparative methods to assess differences in spectral properties between arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal plant species.
Partial least squares discriminant analysis classified spectra by mycorrhizal type with 90% (arbuscular) and 85% (ectomycorrhizal) accuracy. Univariate models of principal components identified multiple spectral optima corresponding with mycorrhizal type due to the close relationship between mycorrhizal type and phylogeny. Importantly, we found that spectra of arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal species do not statistically differ from each other after accounting for phylogeny.
While mycorrhizal type can be predicted from spectra, enabling the use of spectra to identify belowground traits using remote sensing, this is due to evolutionary history and not because of fundamental differences in leaf spectra due to mycorrhizal type.
Notch activation promotes bone metastasis via SPARC inhibition in adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Ye , Liu Xiaoxiao , Zhu Lijing , Zhou Zheng , Cui Yajuan , Zhou Chuan‐Xiang , Li Tie‐jun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to investigate bone metastasis induced by Notch signalling pathway dysregulation and to demonstrate that SPARC is a potential therapeutic target in adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) with Notch dysregulation.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 144 AdCC patients. RNA‐sequencing and enrichment analyses were performed using 32 AdCC samples. Osteonectin/SPARC and the Notch activation indicator Notch intracellular domain (NICD) were detected using immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation and migration assays were conducted using stably NICD over‐expressing cells. The effect of SPARC on osteoclast differentiation in NICD cells was investigated using western blotting, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining and resorption assays.ResultsRNA‐sequencing analysis showed that genes down‐regulated in Notch‐mutant AdCCs, such as SPARC, were enriched in ossification and osteoblast differentiation. Most (75/110, 68.2%) Notch1‐wild‐type AdCCs showed SPARC over‐expression, whereas 30 out of 34 (88.2%) Notch1‐mutant tumours showed low SPARC expression. SPARC over‐expression was then found negatively to be correlated with NICD expression in 144 AdCCs. NICD over‐expression promoted cell growth, migration and osteoclast differentiation, which could be partly reversed by exogenous SPARC.ConclusionsNotch activation in AdCC contributes to bone metastasis through SPARC inhibition. The study results suggest that SPARC may represent a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target.
Heat stress can change the competitive outcome between fungi: insights from a modelling approach
Authors: Wesener Felix , Rillig Matthias C. , Tietjen Britta 
Published: March 2023

Under a changing climate, soil fungal communities will increasingly be subject to periods of heat stress. These periods can affect the performance of individual fungi and their competition for space and resources. Competition between fungi is strongly controlled by the exudation of inhibitory compounds, resulting in different competitive outcomes that range from overgrowth of the inferior competitor to a deadlock, where the competing fungi inhibit each other. As heat stress can alter the competitive outcome between fungi, the community composition can also change strongly. So far, a general understanding of the mechanisms that drive the competitive outcome between fungi under heat stress is still missing. However, this understanding is essential to assess important community functions, such as decomposition or mediation of plant nutrition, which strongly depend on the fungal community composition.Here, we used a partial differential equation (PDE) model simulating two fungal competitors in a two‐dimensional space, to mechanistically explain the observed change of fungal competition under heat stress. The model describes mycelial growth, the production and secretion of antifungal compounds and the synthesis of heat shock proteins of interacting colonies. We found a heat stress‐induced lag phase favouring the accumulation of antifungal compounds and the build‐up of inhibitor fields. This led to a qualitative change of the competitive outcome, reducing the occurrence of overgrowth by two thirds. The changes in competitive outcome favoured slower growing species, which benefit more strongly from the additional time during a stress‐induced lag to build up a defence or block territory that would otherwise be quickly claimed by faster competitors.Our work is an important step towards understanding how environmental changes may lead to qualitative changes in competitive outcomes. Our results show the importance of explicitly including species interactions into studies of climate change effects.
Lip synechiae: A sequelae of carbamazepine‐induced erythema multiforme. A case report and review of current perspectives and controversies
Authors: Nokaneng Emmy N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLip synechiae as a sequalae of erythema multiforme (EM) is rare. However, the condition results in significant dysfunctionality and disfigurement in affected individuals. The objective of this clinical case report is to highlight the importance of the preventative strategies in carbamazepine‐induced EM to alleviate complications such as lip synechiae. We reviewed a case report of lip synechiae as a sequelae of carbamazepine‐induced EM as well as the previously reported cases of lip synechiae. A 23‐year‐old female presented with the inability to open her mouth following carbamazepine exposure with concomitant eruption of mucocutaneous lesions on the torso, acral, conjunctiva and haemorrhagic crusting on both lips with fusion thereof. The lip synechiae resulted in dysfunction and disfigurement with reduced verbal articulation and mastication. Based on the history and the characteristic appearance of the mucocutaneous lesions, a diagnosis of EM was made. The suspected inciting drug was withdrawn followed by bilateral chalinoplasty. To prevent further adhesion of the lips, chlorhexidine‐impregnated paraffin gauze dressing was applied. The patient attained good functional and aesthetic outcomes.
Nitrogen application improves salt tolerance of grape seedlings via regulating hormone metabolism
Authors: Zhang Congcong , Lu Xu , Yan Haokai , Gong Meishuang , Wang Wenhui , Chen Baihong , Ma Shaoying , Li Sheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSalt stress is a dominant environmental factor that restricts the growth and yield of crops. Nitrogen is an essential mineral element for plants, regulates various physiological and biochemical processes, and has been reported to enhance salt tolerance in plants. However, the crosstalk between salt and nitrogen in grapes is not well understood. In this study, we found that nitrogen supplementation (0.01 and 0.1 mol L−1 NH4NO3) significantly increased the accumulation of proline, chlorophyll, Na+, NH4+, and NO3−, while it reduced the malondialdehyde content and inhibited photosynthetic performance under salt stress conditions (200 mmol L−1 NaCl). Further transcriptome and metabolome analyses showed that a total of 4890 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 753 differently accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified. Joint omics results revealed that plant hormone signal transduction pathway connected the DEGs and DAMs. In‐depth analysis revealed that nitrogen supplementation increased the levels of endogenous abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid by inducing the expression of 11, 4, and 13 genes related to their respective biosynthesis pathway. In contrast, endogenous indoleacetic acid content was significantly reduced due to the remarkable regulation of seven genes of its biosynthetic pathway. The modulation in hormone contents subsequently activated the differential expression of 13, 10, 12, and 29 genes of the respective downstream hormone signaling transduction pathways. Overall, all results indicate that moderate nitrogen supplementation could improve salt tolerance by regulating grape physiology and endogenous hormone homeostasis, as well as the expression of key genes in signaling pathways, which provides new insights into the interactions between mineral elements and salt stress.
Fear conditioning depends on the nature of the unconditional stimulus and may be related to hair levels of endocannabinoids
Authors: Ney Luke J. , Nichols David S. , Lipp Ottmar V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe replicability of fear conditioning research has come under recent scrutiny, with increasing acknowledgment that the use of differing materials and methods may lead to incongruent results. Direct comparisons between the main two unconditional stimuli used in fear conditioning – an electric shock or a loud scream—are scarce, and yet these stimuli are usually used interchangeably. In the present study, we tested whether a scream, a shock, or an unpredictable combination of the two affected fear acquisition, extinction, and return of fear amongst healthy participants (N = 109, 81 female). We also collected hair samples and tested the relationship between fear conditioning and hair endocannabinoid levels. Our findings suggest that, although subjective ratings of pleasantness, arousal, and anxiety were similar regardless of the unconditional stimuli used, skin conductance responses were significantly lower for stimuli paired with the scream compared to a shock alone. Further, reducing the predictability of the unconditional stimulus reduced habituation of skin conductance responses during acquisition and reacquisition, but did not produce stronger conditioning compared to shock alone. Exploratory analyses suggested that hair endocannabinoids were associated with overall physiological arousal during fear conditioning, as well as higher return of fear to the threat cue, but not to the safety cue. These findings have multiple implications for the design and replicability of fear conditioning research and provide the first evidence for an association between hair levels of endocannabinoids and human fear conditioning.
On the number of vertices of projective polytopes
Authors: García‐Colín Natalia , Montejano Luis Pedro , Alfonsín Jorge Luis Ramírez 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLet X be a set of n points in in general position. What is the maximum number of vertices that can have among all the possible permissible projective transformations T? In this paper, we investigate this and other related questions. After presenting several upper bounds, obtained by using oriented matroid machinery, we study a closely related problem (via Gale transforms) concerning the maximal number of minimal Radon partitions of a set of points. The latter led us to a result supporting a positive answer to a question of Pach and Szegedy asking whether balanced 2‐colorings of points in the plane maximize the number of induced multicolored Radon partitions. We also discuss a related problem concerning the size of topes in arrangements of hyperplanes as well as a tolerance‐type problem of finite sets.
Investigating the Effects of H, CH3, and C2H5 Radicals on the Kinetics of Ignition for Methane/Air Mixtures
Authors: Hui-Sheng Peng , Tian-Hang Yang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA comprehensive understanding of the effects of free radicals on the ignition properties of practical fuel is critical for the performance of hypersonic vehicles. In this study, the free radical effects of H, CH3, and C2H5 on the ignition delay times of methane/air mixtures at dosages of 10−7–10−2 (mole fraction) were systemically analyzed via kinetic analysis with two detailed mechanisms (i.e., AramcoMech 2.0 and USC MECH II). Results showed that the addition of free radicals mainly promoted the ignition process at low temperature (800 K), while the addition of molecule H2 mainly improved the ignition process at high temperature (1250 K). When the additional fractions of free radicals were less than 10−3, promoting effects of the three kinds of free radicals were the same. Differences appeared only when the contents were higher than 10−2. Further kinetic analyses indicated that the addition of free radicals could change the critical reactions during the ignition process of methane/air mixtures. The ignition delay times were reduced by increasing the generation rate of OH radical and heat release rate with the addition of free radicals, while the overall output of OH and flame temperature were not affected by the free radicals.
Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Multi-Task Scheduling in Cloud Manufacturing Under Different Task Arrival Modes
Authors: Ping Yaoyao , Liu Yongkui , Zhang Lin , Wang Lihui , Xu Xun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Cloud manufacturing is a service-oriented networked manufacturing model that aims to provide manufacturing resources as services in an on-demand manner. Scheduling is one of the key techniques for cloud manufacturing to achieve the aim. Multi-task scheduling with dynamical task arrivals is a critical problem in cloud manufacturing. Many traditional algorithms such as the genetic algorithm (GA) and ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO) have been used to address the issue, which, however, either are incapable of or perform poorly in tackling the problem. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) as the combination of deep learning (DL) and reinforcement learning (RL) provides an effective technique in this regard. In view of this, we employ a typical DRL algorithm—Deep Q-network (DQN)—and propose a DQN-based approach for multitask scheduling in cloud manufacturing. Three different task arrival modes—arriving at the same time, arriving in random batches, and arriving one by one sequentially—are considered. Four baseline methods including random scheduling, round-robin scheduling, earliest scheduling, and minimum execution time (min-time) scheduling are investigated. A comparison of results indicates that the DQN-based scheduling approach is effective and performs best among all approaches in addressing the multitask scheduling problem in cloud manufacturing.