bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular evidence of Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (Pallas, 1781) in cockchafers in rural areas of Elazig, Türkiye
Authors: Celik F. , Tekin A.S. , Uslug M. , Simsek S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The primary definitive host of the giant acanthocephalan, also known as the giant thorny-headed worm Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (Pallas, 1781), is Sus scrofa. The definitive host ingests the parasite by consuming infected scarabaeoid or hydrophilid beetles. This study aimed to ascertain the presence of M. hirudinaceus in the intermediate hosts through molecular analysis. The cockchafers were collected from Elazig province of Türkiye. A total of 30 pools, comprising 10 pools for each of three districts were obtained from cockchafers collected from 10 areas. The gDNA was isolated and PCR was conducted using specific primers which amplify the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (mt-CO1) gene of M. hirudinaceus. Then, the PCR-positive samples were sequenced, and phylogenetic and haplotype analyses were performed. A total of 300 cockchafer adults and/or larvae were collected for this study from different regions of three districts (Sivrice, Baskil, and Keban) in Elazig province of Türkiye. No PCR band was observed in any of the samples in Sivrice (0%). However, a total of 16 samples (5.3%), 10 from the Baskil (10%) and 6 from Keban (6%), showed a PCR band of 491 bp. All sequences were confirmed as M. hirudinaceus. Two distinct haplotypes were detected at two points. Of the total number of sequences, twelve were found to consist of a single haplotype. One of the two haplotypes was comprised of 10 isolates, while the other included six isolates. This study is one of the limited studies on the molecular identification and haplotyping of M. hirudinaceus in cockchafers.
A theory of international technology regulation
Authors: Rabitz Florian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Technology is of increasing importance for international cooperation, yet theory development in rationalist International Relations has not kept pace. I develop a theoretical framework for explaining cooperative outcomes in the international regulation of technology. I propose that uncertainty and the distribution of material capacities create a severe international collective action problem for novel technologies, which precludes robust cooperative outcomes and thus limits joint gains from the appropriation of technological benefits and from the mitigation of technological risks. While the severity of the collective action problem attenuates over time, in principle enabling greater ambition in cooperative outcomes, sociotechnical lock-in reduces the capacities and incentives of state actors to deviate from pre-existing rules. This leads to incremental change whereby rules harden over time but do not change significantly in terms of their regulatory substance. While early regulatory interventions are hampered by collective action problems, late interventions are constrained by lock-in. These temporal dynamics create a tendency towards systemic inefficiency in international technology regulation. I illustrate this argument using the cases of nuclear power and synthetic biology.
FANO FOURFOLDS WITH LARGE ANTICANONICAL BASE LOCUS
Authors: Höring Andreas , Secci Saverio Andrea 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A famous theorem of Shokurov states that a general anticanonical divisor of a smooth Fano threefold is a smooth K3 surface. This is quite surprising since there are several examples where the base locus of the anticanonical system has codimension two. In this paper, we show that for four-dimensional Fano manifolds the behaviour is completely opposite: if the base locus is a normal surface, and hence has codimension two, all the anticanonical divisors are singular.
Breakdowns and the Aesthetic of Disorientation in Festival-House Music
Authors: SMITH JEREMY W. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis article discusses how and why disorientation is used as an aesthetic strategy in breakdown sections of festival-house tracks and performances. Breakdowns in electronic dance music (EDM) have many sound layers removed from the mix. For house music at EDM festivals, this usually includes drums, therefore in many breakdowns it is easy for listeners to lose their metric entrainment. Breakdowns also often introduce a new sound layer, use metrical dissonance, and feature prominent ‘effects’. Through analyses and interviews, the article argues that festival-house breakdowns can be disorienting both physically and psychologically, but that this fulfils multiple purposes for performers, such as providing contrast that makes musical climaxes more exciting and allowing an opportunity for dancers to physically rest. Breakdowns also encourage visual interaction between performers and dancers and allow performers to communicate a narrative. The analyses in the article make interpretations about the meaning of tracks as communicated primarily in breakdown sections.
The overlooked importance of intelligence analysis in IHL
Authors: Voss Loren 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Decision-makers rely on intelligence to make targeting decisions that comply with international humanitarian law (IHL), yet the relationship between intelligence and the law is not frequently discussed. This article explores crucial elements of intelligence and intelligence analysis that decision-makers should understand to increase their compliance with IHL, focusing on three crucial decision points: (1) the determination of whether a potential target is a military objective, (2) proportionality in attack analysis, and (3) the taking of effective precautions.
The Political Consequences of State Pride
Authors: Wolak Jennifer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Separate from their feelings of national pride, Americans may also feel proud of the state where they live. I explore the political consequences of these feelings of state pride. I propose that when people feel proud of the state they reside in, they are more willing to empower their state governments to take action to address state challenges. Using survey responses from a module of the 2020 Cooperative Election Study, I find that people who express greater pride in their state are more likely to advocate for state spending on social programs. Feelings of state pride are also associated with support for policy devolution and the belief that state governments should have more influence over policymaking within the federal system. State governments have incentives to try to cultivate feelings of state pride, as those who feel proud of their state are more willing to empower their state government to effect change.
Learning dynamics of muscle synergies during non-biomimetic control maps
Authors: Tse King Chun , Capsi-Morales Patricia , Piazza Cristina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Advanced myoelectric prostheses feature multiple degrees of freedom (DoFs) and sophisticated control algorithms that interpret user motor intentions as commands. While enhancing their capability to assist users in a wide range of daily activities, these control solutions still pose challenges. Among them, the need for extensive learning periods and users’ limited control proficiency. To investigate the relationship between these challenges and the limited alignment of such methods with human motor control strategies, we examine motor learning processes in two different control maps testing a synergistic myoelectric system. In particular, this work employs a DoF-wise synergies control algorithm tested in both intuitive and non-intuitive control mappings. Intuitive mapping aligns body movements with control actions to replicate natural limb control, whereas non-intuitive mapping (or non-biomimetic) lacks a direct correlation between aspects, allowing one body movement to influence multiple DoFs. The latter offers increased design flexibility through redundancy, which can be especially advantageous for individuals with motor disabilities. The study evaluates the effectiveness and learning process of both control mappings with 10 able-bodied participants. The results revealed distinct patterns observed while testing the two maps. Furthermore, muscle synergies exhibited greater stability and distinction by the end of the experiment, indicative of varied learning processes.
Quantifying Magma Water Contents: A New Entrainment Model for Charnockite Formation
Authors: Yang Hang , Yao Jinlong , Cawood Peter A. , Zhao Guochun , Han Yigui , Li Xiaochun , Liu Qian , Zhang Donghai , Wang Xiangsong , Guo Yu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWater is essential for the formation of granites and continental crust, whereas charnockite, being an important component of deep crust, is inferred to be formed in low‐water environments. Charnockite is an orthopyroxene‐bearing felsic rock, its origin, generation, and preservation remain hotly debated. Quantifying the magma water content of charnockite and further determining the orthopyroxene preservation mechanism is crucial to understanding the petrogenesis of charnockite. Here, we report a ca. 431 Ma peraluminous Gaozhou charnockite with granulitic enclaves in South China. The body displays A‐type characteristics with crustal reworking zircon isotopic features (δ18O = 8.0–9.8 ‰; εHf(t) = −11.5 to −3.4). The charnockite and its enclaves show identical mineral assemblages and comparable orthopyroxene chemical compositions. The two anhydrous minerals of orthopyroxene and garnet are identified as of peritectic and magmatic origins given their textural features and geochemical compositions. Moreover, petrographic observations and bulk geochemical data argue that the peritectic minerals were derived from the entrainment of their granulitic sources. Crystallization phase modeling indicates orthopyroxene would have been completely hydrated and formed biotite when water contents exceed ∼0.3 wt.% near the solidus. Water‐in‐zircon analysis and thermodynamic modeling indicate low magma water conditions (∼0.15 wt.%; 135 ppm, zircon water medians) for the Gaozhou charnockite from early crystallization to final solidification. CO2‐rich fluids flushed the charnockite reservoir further contributing to the stabilization of the orthopyroxene. Therefore, we propose a new entrainment model for the formation of charnockite that requires low‐water environments achieved by high‐temperature melting of dehydrated lower crust granulitic rocks.
A systematic review of Perinatal Antibiotic Stewardship – where we are, where to go?
Authors: Winteler Cristina , Ardabili Sara , Hodel Markus , Stocker Martin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The perinatal period is associated with high antibiotic exposure, which raises concerns about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and future health impacts. The aim of this comprehensive systematic review, including publications from 2000 to 2022, is to describe the current evidence and state of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in the perinatal period and to identify gaps in knowledge for future research. The review included 36 studies from the Americas, Europe, Asia and Australia, involving a total of 64,798 pregnant women and 84,137 newborns. 33 out of 36 studies reported reduced antibiotic use, suggesting the potential to reduce antibiotic exposure. There is a lack of studies in the antepartum and intrapartum periods, of comprehensive AMS strategies across the entire perinatal period, and from low- and middle-income countries with a high burden of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Future research should include prospective, adequately powered studies including safety endpoints, clinical outcomes and AMR reports.
Enhanced multiscale human brain imaging by semi-supervised digital staining and serial sectioning optical coherence tomography
Authors: Cheng Shiyi , Chang Shuaibin , Li Yunzhe , Novoseltseva Anna , Lin Sunni , Wu Yicun , Zhu Jiahui , McKee Ann C. , Rosene Douglas L. , Wang Hui , Bigio Irving J. , Boas David A. , Tian Lei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A major challenge in neuroscience is visualizing the structure of the human brain at different scales. Traditional histology reveals micro- and meso-scale brain features but suffers from staining variability, tissue damage, and distortion, which impedes accurate 3D reconstructions. The emerging label-free serial sectioning optical coherence tomography (S-OCT) technique offers uniform 3D imaging capability across samples but has poor histological interpretability despite its sensitivity to cortical features. Here, we present a novel 3D imaging framework that combines S-OCT with a deep-learning digital staining (DS) model. This enhanced imaging modality integrates high-throughput 3D imaging, low sample variability and high interpretability, making it suitable for 3D histology studies. We develop a novel semi-supervised learning technique to facilitate DS model training on weakly paired images for translating S-OCT to Gallyas silver staining. We demonstrate DS on various human cerebral cortex samples, achieving consistent staining quality and enhancing contrast across cortical layer boundaries. Additionally, we show that DS preserves geometry in 3D on cubic-centimeter tissue blocks, allowing for visualization of meso-scale vessel networks in the white matter. We believe that our technique has the potential for high-throughput, multiscale imaging of brain tissues and may facilitate studies of brain structures.
Features of intermediate and late dry age-related macular degeneration on adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy: Pinnacle Study Report 8
Authors: Hagag Ahmed M. , Holmes Christopher , Raza Ahmer , Riedl Sophie , Anders Philipp , Kaye Rebecca , Prevost Toby , Fritsche Lars G. , Rueckert Daniel , Bogunović Hrvoje , Scholl Hendrick P. N. , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula , Lotery Andrew J. , Sivaprasad Sobha 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives
Adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy (AOO) has the potential to provide insights into AMD pathology and to assess the risk of progression. We aim to utilise AOO to describe detailed features of intermediate AMD and to characterise microscopic changes during atrophy development.

Subjects/Methods
Patients with intermediate AMD were recruited into PINNACLE, a prospective observational cohort study. Participants underwent flood-illumination AOO using the commercially available rtx1 camera. AOO images were qualitatively assessed and correlated with clinical imaging including optical coherence tomography (OCT) and infrared scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.

Results
The visibility of cone mosaic was generally compromised in eyes with intermediate AMD. We observed an association between the visibility of cone mosaic on AOO and the detection of a well-defined normal interdigitation zone on OCT. Drusen subtypes were identified on AOO as variations in reflectance at the edge and/or the centre of the druse. The absence of a hyperreflective margin was associated with the loss of the overlying ellipsoid zone on OCT prior to the collapse of the druse. With progressive attenuation of the retinal pigment epithelium and loss of photoreceptor layers, the drusenoid lesion appeared more hyperreflective with very distinctive edges.

Conclusions
This cross-sectional study supports the potential value of AOO for providing information on intermediate AMD and the development of atrophic lesions that cannot be seen in conventional imaging modalities. The ongoing longitudinal PINNACLE study is assessing the significance of the described findings.
Reconstructing skeletal homeostasis through allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in myelofibrosis
Authors: Schäfersküpper Mathias , Simon Alexander , Yorgan Timur A. , von Brackel Felix N. , Delsmann Maximilian M. , Baranowsky Anke , Gagelmann Nico , Ayuk Francis , Schinke Thorsten , Amling Michael , Kröger Nicolaus , Rolvien Tim 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasm-associated myelofibrosis is a clonal stem cell process characterized by pronounced bone marrow fibrosis associated with extramedullary hematopoiesis and splenomegaly. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) represents the only curative treatment leading to bone marrow fibrosis regression. Here we provide an in-depth skeletal characterization of myelofibrosis patients before and after allo-HSCT utilizing clinical high-resolution imaging, laboratory analyses, and bone biopsy studies. Despite unimpaired bone microarchitecture at peripheral skeletal sites, we observe a marked increase in bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and proximal femur, which is histologically related to severe bone marrow fibrosis and osteosclerosis, fully normalizing after allo-HSCT. Importantly, the regression of fibrosis is accompanied by vanishing osteosclerosis along with restored osteoclastic resorption activity and whole-body calcium homeostasis. Together, our results provide evidence for an extensive reconstruction of skeletal homeostasis by allo-HSCT in MF, leading to rapid resolution of osteosclerosis.
Metabolic activities are selective modulators for individual segmentation clock processes
Authors: Matsuda Mitsuhiro , Lázaro Jorge , Ebisuya Miki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Numerous cellular and molecular processes during embryonic development prompt the fundamental question of how their tempos are coordinated and whether a common global modulator exists. While the segmentation clock tempo scales with the kinetics of gene expression and degradation processes of the core clock gene Hes7 across mammals, the coordination of these processes remains unclear. This study examines whether metabolic activities serve as a global modulator for the segmentation clock, finding them to be selective instead. Several metabolic inhibitions extend the clock period but affect key processes differently: glycolysis inhibition slows Hes7 protein degradation and production delay without altering intron delay, while electron transport chain inhibition extends intron delay without influencing the other processes. Combinations of distinct metabolic inhibitions exhibit synergistic effects. We propose that the scaled kinetics of segmentation clock processes across species may result from combined selective modulators shaped by evolutionary constraints, rather than a single global modulator.
Exploring the utility of different bulking agents for speeding up the composting process of household kitchen waste
Authors: Mussa Sania , Farhan Muhammad , Ahmad Shoaib , Zahra Khadija , Kanwal Amina , Khan Qaiser Farid , Afzaal Muhammad , Wahid Abdul , Sarker Pallab K. , El-Sheikh Mohamed A. , Ali Shafaqat 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Household kitchen waste (HKW) is produced in large quantity and its management is difficult due to high moisture content and complex organic matter. Aerobic composting of HKW is an easy, efficient, cost-effective and eco-friendly method. This study is designed to achieve a zero-waste concept and to convert HKW. We optimized the type and size of three different bulking agents to speed up the composting process. The tested bulking agents were fallen leaves, sawdust and fly ash. The results showed a higher and longer thermophilic phase (55oC) for 11 days in C2. Higher moisture content (69%) and higher organic matter degradation (38.4%) were also observed in C2. The pH range in all compost treatments was 7-8.5, Electrical conductivity range was 1.8–3.55 mS/cm, C/N ratio range was 15.4–18.1, water holding capacity range was 3.25–4.3 g water/g dry sample, total potassium range was 1.52–1.61%, total phosphorous range was 0.83–1.14%. The highest germination index (119.1%) was also obtained in C2. The highest chili height (16.7 cm), greater number of leaves (20), greater shoot fresh weight (4.75 g) and root fresh weight (1.2 g) was obtained in the presence of C2. Similarly, greater water WHC (2.8 g water/g DW), higher porosity (55.49%) and higher aggregate stability (54.14%) of soil was also obtained by C2. This research effectively reduced the maturation time to 32 days and converted kitchen waste into compost (resource). This is a very practical idea for home composting and kitchen gardening to combat food security issues in developing countries.
Nomogram models for predicting outcomes in thyroid cancer patients with distant metastasis receiving 131iodine therapy
Authors: Jin Shui , Ye Xuemei , Ye Ting , Chen Xinyu , Ji Jianfeng , Wang Jinyu , Zhu Xin , Mao Xiaochun , Higuchi Takahiro , Yi Heqing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study aimed to establish and validate prognostic nomogram models for patients who underwent 131I therapy for thyroid cancer with distant metastases. The cohort was divided into training (70%) and validation (30%) sets for nomogram development. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify independent predictors for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Nomograms were developed based on these predictors, and Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed for validation. Among 451 patients who were screened, 412 met the inclusion criteria and were followed-up for a median duration of 65.2 months. The training and validation sets included 288 and 124 patients, respectively. Pathological type, first 131I administrated activity, and lesion 131I uptake in lesions were independent predictors for PFS. For OS, predictors included gender, age, metastasis site, first 131I administrated activity, 131I uptake, pulmonary lesion size, and stimulated thyroglobulin levels. These predictors were used to construct nomograms for predicting PFS and OS. Low-risk patients had significantly longer PFS and OS compared to high-risk patients, with 10-year PFS rates of 81.1% vs. 51.9% and 10-year OS rates of 86.2% vs. 37.4%. These may aid individualized prognostic assessment and clinical decision-making, especially in determining the prescribed activity for the first 131I treatment.
Long term study on blood glucose levels in wintering great tits Parus major in sites differing in artificial food availability
Authors: Kaliński Adam , Glądalski Michał , Markowski Marcin , Skwarska Joanna , Wawrzyniak Jarosław , Bańbura Jerzy , Zieliński Piotr 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Blood glucose concentration is one of the fundamental biochemical indices in the physiology of birds and other vertebrates. Since glucose serves as the main fuel for metabolic energy, its proper level in the blood serum is crucial to the individual in terms of physiological health, which leads to applying it as an ecophysiological indicator. Such an indicator may be especially useful during energetically demanding periods, such as winter at northern latitudes. Therefore, the main objective of this paper was to examine the variation in blood glucose in wintering the great tits (Parus major) in nine consecutive winters at two sites that differed with respect to the amount of human-provided food. We assumed that trophic conditions resulting from the use of artificial feeders that vary between sites across the years would affect the metabolic performance of birds and their physiological condition, which should be reflected in the blood glucose levels of wintering individuals. We showed that both females and males were characterised by significantly higher glucose levels at the study site, which was characterised by the high accessibility to human-provided food sources (forest clearing) than at the site with low and irregular artificial feeding. The difference remained distinct throughout most of the winter seasons of the study. We also revealed a substantial variation between seasons in blood glucose concentration in the case of male great tits. In general, we show that avian blood glucose can be used as an ecophysiological indicator of the trophic conditions of the environment in which individuals from small passerine species winter.