bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety of Adjunctive Intraarterial Tenecteplase Following Mechanical Thrombectomy: The ALLY Pilot Trial
Authors: Zaidi Syed F. , Castonguay Alicia C. , Zaidat Osama O. , Jadhav Ashutosh P. , Sheth Sunil A. , Haussen Diogo C. , Nguyen Thanh N. , Burgess Richard E. , Alhajala Hisham S. , Gharaibeh Khaled , Salahuddin Hisham , Rao Rahul , Oliver Marion J. , Jumaa Mouhammad A. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Recent studies suggest that the use of adjunctive intraarterial alteplase after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) may improve outcomes; however, there are limited data on the use of intraarterial tenecteplase, a newer-generation lytic, in this acute ischemic stroke patient population. Here, we evaluate the use of intraarterial tenecteplase in the ALLY pilot study (Adjunctive Intraarterial Tenecteplase Following Mechanical Thrombectomy).

METHODS:
ALLY was a prospective, single-center, nonrandomized pilot study assessing the feasibility and safety of intraarterial tenecteplase up to 4.5 mg in acute ischemic stroke-large vessel occlusion MT patients with incomplete recanalization. The primary safety end point was any intracranial hemorrhage and neurological worsening by ≥4 points on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale within 24 hours of treatment with intraarterial tenecteplase. A post hoc analysis was performed with a control cohort of MT patients (ALLY MT) not receiving intraarterial tenecteplase.

RESULTS:
From April 2022 to July 2023, 218 MTs were performed at ProMedica Hospital (Toledo, OH), of which 20 patients were enrolled in ALLY. The mean age was 66.1±13.8 years, with 35% women. Median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Scores were 13 (interquartile range, 9–18.8) and 10 (interquartile range, 9–10), respectively. IV thrombolysis was administered in 55%. Most patients presented with middle cerebral artery occlusion (90%). Post-MT modified Treatment in Cerebral Ischemia grade was 2b and 2c in 11 and 9 patients, respectively. Final modified Treatment in Cerebral Ischemia 2b, 2c, and 3 was achieved in 55% (11/20), 35% (7/20), and 10% (2/20), respectively. Any intracranial hemorrhage was observed in 11 patients; however, only 1 patient had symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. A favorable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score, 0–2) at 90 days was achieved in 50%. No difference in intracranial hemorrhage rates was observed between the ALLY and ALLY MT cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS:
The use of adjunctive intraarterial tenecteplase up to 4.5 mg in patients with acute ischemic stroke with incomplete reperfusion post-MT is feasible and was not associated with increased rates of hemorrhage. Larger, randomized studies are needed to assess the safety and efficacy of intraarterial tenecteplase in this population.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT05172934.
Neural signatures of online and offline motor learning: An ALE meta-analysis
Authors: Byczynski Gabriel , Arulchelvan Elva , Grootjans Yvette , Scarlat Iulia-Mara , Brady Simone , Kamdar Sophie , Vanneste Sven 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Neural activation patterns underlying motor learning that are captured using functional imaging can only reflect the patterns occurring at a given moment. Motor learning is known to comprise many processes which are variably biologically or temporally distinct. In order to improve the understanding of how regional activation patterns may vary across different mechanisms of motor learning, we performed an ALE meta-analysis of imaging studies that directly compares online and offline motor learning. Using coordinate-based meta-analysis methods and independent review, 1777 studies were returned from 3 databases. Thirty-eight studies investigating motor task learning met the inclusion criteria, were allocated as either online or offline learning based on their scanning placement, and revealed both unique and overlapping regional activation/deactivation patterns. We identify activation changes in regions that are consistent for online learning and offline learning. Our findings concur with those of previous meta-analyses investigating online motor learning, and find support for previous theories surrounding the networks involved in consolidation and offline processes in motor learning. Shared activation between online and offline motor learning was found in the supplemental motor area and somatosensory cortex, highlighting regions which are continually involved in both processes, and identifying those which may be differentially modulated to alter motor learning outcomes.
Hierarchical surprise signals in naturalistic violation of expectations
Authors: Plikat Vincent , Grassi Pablo R. , Frack Julius , Bartels Andreas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Surprise responses signal both high-level cognitive alerts that information is missing, and increasingly specific back-propagating error signals that allow updates in processing nodes. Studying surprise is, hence, central for cognitive neuroscience to understand internal world representations and learning. Yet, only few prior studies used naturalistic stimuli targeting our high-level understanding of the world. Here, we use magic tricks in an fMRI experiment to investigate neural responses to violations of core assumptions held by humans about the world. We showed participants naturalistic videos of three types of magic tricks, involving objects appearing, changing color, or disappearing, along with control videos without any violation of expectation. Importantly, the same videos were presented with and without prior knowledge about the tricks’ explanation. Results revealed generic responses in frontal and parietal areas, together with responses specific to each of the three trick types in posterior sensory areas. A subset of these regions, the midline areas of the default mode network (DMN), showed surprise activity that depended on prior knowledge. Equally, sensory regions showed sensitivity to prior knowledge, reflected in differing decoding accuracies. These results suggest a hierarchy of surprise signals involving generic processing of violation of expectations in frontal and parietal areas with concurrent surprise signals in sensory regions that are specific to the processed features.
Characteristics of gouging by captive-born silvery marmosets in gum-producing trees
Authors: Le Fondré Jamie , Price Eluned C. , Arnold Charlotte , Wormell Dominic 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Marmosets are obligate gummivores with evolutionary adaptations to harvesting tree exudates. We studied a group of zoo-living free-ranging silvery marmosets (Mico argentatus) that had learned to feed from Prunus spp., to investigate the characteristics of the holes they gouged in four Portuguese laurel trees (Prunus lusitanica). Holes were frequently extended in more than one direction from the base, often producing roughly V-shaped channels. The angles of the holes from the vertical were significantly different from a random distribution and averaged 40° ± 2.1 SE. Mean hole length was 50.9 mm ± 3.4 SE. Mean depth of gouge holes was 5.08 mm ± 0.17 SE and was consistent along the length of the holes. Feeding on Prunus was concentrated in the late morning, and constituted 26.2% of records of the marmosets’ overall activity during group scans. Further studies are needed to investigate whether there are consistent species or generic differences in the methods used to harvest gum by marmosets, and whether marmosets use different gouging techniques for different plant species. Understanding how marmosets identify and use new gum sources will be important for their conservation in habitats altered by anthropogenic impacts.
Précis of Why We Doubt
Authors: Pinillos Ángel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
I selectively summarize some of the main ideas in my book Why We Doubt, focusing on the elements that are discussed in the replies from commentators. In the book, I investigated our skeptical intuitions which form the basis of the skeptic’s arguments. I argue that these intuitive judgments or inclinations to judge are produced by the deployment of a subconscious heuristic, pbs, which serves us well most of the time but misfires in esoteric cases like those associated with global skepticism. I do this by identifying the rational function of pbs and arguing that when we apply this rational function to global skepticism, it doesn’t yield a skeptical result.
Replies to Commentators
Authors: Pinillos Ángel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
I respond to comments from Branden Fitelson, Chad Gonnerman and John Waterman, and Mark Walker. My response to Fitelson concerns how we should understand the notion of “sensitivity” which is central to my account of why we find skeptical premises intuitive. I argue against his recommendation except for a specific type of “loose” skeptical hypothesis. Gonnerman and Waterman push me to say more about the conditions under which we feel or not feel the skeptical pull. I clarify and expand on the theory presented in the book. Finally, Walker presents a new type of skeptical challenge. To deal with this challenge, I distinguish between two types of skeptical hypotheses, a mild and more substantial one. Walker’s skeptical argument concerns mild skepticism. My account is aimed at more substantial accounts. However, I speculate about how we may respond to this challenge.
Brewery waste as a sustainable protein source for the banded cricket (Gryllodes sigillatus)
Authors: Kasdorf S.Y. , Muzzatti M.J. , Haider F. , Bertram S.M. , MacMillan H.A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Crickets, like other edible insects, can convert organic by-products of the food and agricultural industries into high-value protein. Waste products high in protein like brewer’s spent grain and brewer’s spent yeast are particularly attractive replacements for unsustainable protein sources in cricket feed like fishmeal or soy. Such replacement will only be advantageous, however, if feeding on these waste products does not impact, or only minimally impacts, cricket survival, growth, and body composition. In this study, a farmed cricket species, Gryllodes sigillatus, was reared in isolation on experimental diets in which fishmeal was wholly or partially replaced with either brewer’s spent grain or brewer’s spent yeast. Cricket survival, development and macromolecular composition were not different across diets. However, wholly replacing fishmeal with brewer’s spent yeast or brewer’s spent grain reduced cricket adult body mass by approximately 16%. To extend these findings toward a farm environment, a second cohort of crickets were reared communally on diets in which fishmeal, and fishmeal and soy (a secondary protein source), were replaced by brewer’s spent grain. We found that in a communal environment, crickets reared on both diets performed equally as well as the control. Therefore, brewing waste products are promising candidates for use as a primary protein source in the feed of G. sigillatus. In addition to contributing towards the goals of a circular bioeconomy through the repurposing of waste, the use of brewing waste in cricket feed may have a positive impact of the cricket farming industry as a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to traditional feed.
Cortical Deafness in Children: Scoping Review and Case Report of a Bilateral Perinatal Stroke
Authors: Cruz-Sanabria Francy , Ragoni Carolina , Salvadorini Renata , Pasquariello Rosa , Bartolini Emanuele , Paese Silvia , Rinaldi Deianira , Forli Francesca , Guzzetta Andrea , Fiori Simona 
Published: January 2025

Background Persistent cortical deafness in the pediatric population is rarely reported, and there is limited information on its implications for early intervention. Objectives This study aims to (1) conduct a scoping review on pediatric cortical deafness and (2) present a case report of a 7-year-old girl with left unilateral spastic cerebral palsy and cortical deafness resulting from presumed perinatal bilateral stroke. Methods A search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science identified 407 manuscripts. After the screening, 5 studies met the inclusion criteria for analysis. The case report details clinical characteristics, diagnostic challenges, and intervention strategies for pediatric cortical deafness. Results The scoping review highlighted the limited literature on pediatric cortical deafness, emphasizing its association with extensive bilateral lesions and heterogeneous etiology. The case report underscored the need for comprehensive auditory function measurements, early diagnosis, and tailored interventions. Conclusions Early and tailored interventions are crucial for improving prognosis in pediatric cortical deafness, particularly in cases associated with bilateral perinatal stroke.
Impact of composition and surfactant-templating on mesoporous bioactive glasses structural evolution, bioactivity, and drug delivery property
Authors: Almasri Dana , Dahman Yaser 
Published: January 2025

This study explores mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) that show promise as advanced therapeutic delivery platforms owing to their tailorable porous properties enabling enhanced drug loading capacity and biomimetic chemistry for localized, sustained release. This work systematically investigates the complex relationship between MBG composition and surfactant templating on structural evolution, in vitro bioactive response, resultant drug loading efficiency and release. A total of 12 samples of sol-gel-derived MBG were synthesized using cationic and non-ionic structure-directing agents (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, Pluronic F127 and P123) while modulating the SiO2/CaO content, generating MBG with surface areas of 60–695 m2/g. Electron microscopy and nitrogen desorption studies verified the successful synthesis of the 12 ordered MBG formulations. Assessment of hydroxyapatite conversion kinetics via FTIR spectroscopy and SEM demonstrated accelerated deposition for 70–80% SiO2 formulations, independent of the surfactant used. However, the templating agent had an impact on drug loading as observed in this study where MBG synthesized by the templating agent Pluronic P123 had higher drug loading compared to the other surfactants. To determine the drug release mechanisms, the in vitro kinetic profiles were fitted to various mathematical models including ze-ro. Most compositions exhibited release properties closest to zero-order, indicating a concentration-independent drug elution rate. These results in this study explain the relationship between tailored hierarchical architecture and intrinsic ion release rates to enable advanced functionality.
Effect of Surface Treatment of Glass Fibres on Adhesion to Phenolic Resin
Authors: Chou Shen , Lin Ling-Shiou , Yeh Jen-Taut 
Published: January 2025

Mixtures of epoxy emulsion and coupling agents. as well as coupling agent alone, were used to treat glass fibres to improve their adhesion to phenolic resin. The surface of the glass fibres was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the chemical bonding of the treated glass fibres was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The improvement in the flexural and shear strength of glass fibre reinforced phenolic resins was investigated, and the fractured surfaces were observed by SEM. Experimental results demonstrated that the coupling agent could be formed either as a thin, uniform layer or as particles on the glass fibres. Mixtures of epoxy emulsion with zircoaluminate coupling agent were formed as a uniform layer, whereas mixtures of epoxy emulsion with titanate coupling agent were formed as particles. Analyzing the above results using XPS revealed that coupling agent and epoxy emulsion reacted with the glass fiber surface to form functional groups that react with phenolic resin. When the concentration of coupling agent was 0.2 wt.%, the effect of the glass fibre on the physical properties of phenolic resin composite was optimum. Among these coupling agents, the zircoaluminate coupling agent showed the best improvement, followed by silane and titanate coupling agents. After mixing it with epoxy emulsion, the flexural and shear strength were further increased. For instance, when using zircoaluminate coupling agent mixture, the shear strength of the composite was increased by 45% and the flexural strength by 43%.
The potential impact of optimal blood pressure treatment intensity to reduce disparities in dementia between Black and White individuals
Authors: Levine Deborah A , Sussman Jeremy B , Hayward Rodney A , Gałecki Andrzej T , Whitney Rachael T , Briceño Emily M , Gross Alden L , Giordani Bruno J , Elkind Mitchell SV , Gottesman Rebecca F , Gaskin Darrell J , Sidney Stephen , Yaffe Kristine , Burke James F 
Published: January 2025

Background Black adults have higher dementia risk than White adults. Whether tighter population-level blood pressure (BP) control reduces this disparity is unknown. Objective Estimate the impact of optimal BP treatment intensity on racial disparities in dementia. Methods A microsimulation study of US adults ≥18 across a life-time policy-planning horizon. BP treatment strategies were the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) protocol, the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC-8) recommendations, and usual care (non-intervention control). Outcomes were all-cause dementia, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), stroke, myocardial infarction, non-ASCVD death, global cognitive performance, and optimal brain health (being free of dementia, cognitive impairment, or stroke). Population-level and individual-level effects stratified by race were estimated. Results Optimal population-level implementation of a SPRINT-based BP treatment strategy, compared to usual care, would increase average annual dementia incidence in White, but not Black, adults (1% versus 0%), due to hypertensive individuals’ greater survival, and reduce annual ASCVD events more in Black than White adults (13% versus 5%). Under a SPRINT-based strategy, individuals with hypertension gained more years lived without dementia, ASCVD, myocardial infarction, or stroke and more years lived in optimal brain health. A SPRINT-based strategy did not attenuate individual-level race disparities in outcomes, except stroke. Due to longer life expectancy, a SPRINT-based strategy did not substantially reduce lifetime dementia risk in either group. The JNC-8-based strategy had similar but smaller effects as the SPRINT-based strategy. Conclusions Our results suggest that tighter population-level BP control would not reduce population-level disparities in dementia between US Black and White adults.
Risk factors for loneliness among older informal caregivers in regions of Finland and Sweden: a longitudinal study
Authors: Åkerman Sarah , Nyqvist Fredrica , Nygård Mikael , Snellman Fredrik , Olofsson Birgitta 
Published: January 2025

Aims: This longitudinal study investigated the prevalence of and risk factors for loneliness among older new informal caregivers, long-term informal caregivers, former informal caregivers and non-caregivers in selected regions of Finland and Sweden over 5 years. Methods: A longitudinal sample of 5083 respondents from the Gerontological Regional Database (GERDA) survey data in 2016 and 2021 was used. Bivariate correlation tests and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Loneliness prevalence rates varied between 6% and 8% in 2016 and increased in all groups, although not significantly among new informal caregivers. In 2021, the prevalence of loneliness varied between 8% and 14%. Among the baseline variables, reporting loneliness, single/unmarried/bereaved civil status, infrequent contact with friends and neighbours, poor self-rated health, depressive symptoms, living in Finland and financial strain increased the likelihood of reporting loneliness in 2021. Among the change variables, being a long-term caregiver, a negative change in civil status, a reduced number of confidants, a negative change in self-rated health and depressive symptoms increased the likelihood of reporting loneliness. Conclusions: Loneliness increased among all four groups of comparison. Being a long-term caregiver was a significant risk factor for reporting loneliness over time (odds ratio 2.00, 95% confidence interval 1.20–3.35), when controlling for several other social and health-related variables. To develop effective support, future research could address risk factors for loneliness among distinct groups of informal caregivers based on whether the care recipients have neurological or functional health limitations and examine the availability of support measures.
POISONING WITH PARACETAMOL, IBUPROFEN AND ASPIRIN. HOW MUCH IS DUE TO PRESCRIBED MEDICATION?
Authors: Sheen CL , Dillon JF , Bateman DN , Simpson KJ , MacDonald TM 
Published: January 2025

Paracetamol, ibuprofen and aspirin are used frequently in self-poisoning attempts. They are available both over the counter (OTC) and on prescription. Measures have been taken to limit OTC supply, particularly for paracetamol. To effectively target any limitation in the supply of drugs used for self-harming, however, it is important to understand from where the drugs are obtained. This paper has examined the proportion of paracetamol, aspirin and ibuprofen prescribed in theTayside region of Scotland. Using databases within the Medicines Monitoring Unit (MEMO) in Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, data on dispensed paracetamol, ibuprofen or aspirin were record-linked to admissions for poisoning with paracetamol, aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) respectively. Up to 15% of hospitalisations were associated with a prescription dispensed up to one month before admission. It appears that most admission to hospital for selfpoisoning with paracetamol, aspirin or ibuprofen are not associated with prescribed drugs. Measures to reduce the incidence of self-poisoning with these drugs needs to be aimed at the OTC supply.
Beethoven’s terminal illness and death
Authors: Mai FMM 
Published: January 2025

There is dispute about the cause of Beethoven’s death; alcoholic cirrhosis, syphilis, infectious hepatitis, lead poisoning, sarcoidosis and Whipple’s disease have all been proposed. In this article all primary source documents related to Beethoven’s terminal illness and death are reviewed. The documents include his letters, the report of his physician Andreas Wawruch, his Conversation Books, the autopsy report, and a new toxicological report of his hair. His terminal illness was characterised by jaundice, ascites, ankle oedema and abdominal pain. The autopsy data indicate that Beethoven had cirrhosis of the liver, and probably also renal papillary necrosis, pancreatitis and possibly diabetes mellitus. His lifestyle for at least the final decade of his life indicated that he overindulged in alcohol in the form of wine. Alcohol was by far the most common cause of cirrhosis at that period. Toxicological analysis of his hair showed that the level of lead was elevated. During the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, lead was added illegally to inexpensive wines to sweeten and refresh them. These findings strongly suggest that liver failure secondary to alcoholic cirrhosis, associated with terminal spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, was the cause of death. This was complicated in the end stages by renal failure. If the presence of endogenous lead was verified by analysis of Beethoven’s skeletal remains, it would suggest that the lead was derived from wine that he drank. Lead poisoning may account for some of his end-of-life symptoms. There is little clinical or autopsy evidence that Beethoven suffered from syphilis.