bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASSESSING TELEHEALTH USE AMONG OLDER ADULTS WITH LIMITED RESOURCES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Dezine Marie , Pandya Naushira , Damier Sashah , Tewary Sweta 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic created new barriers to accessing primary care services, particularly among older adults who has faced barriers related to access to care, transportation, health literacy, and social isolation. Nova Southeastern University South Florida Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Program (NSU SFGWEP) partnered with primary care clinics and a local community partner to conduct wellness calls to older adult patients identified through clinic EHR. This project aimed to provide educational and telehealth support to vulnerable adults with limited resources in the Tri-County region of Florida. Wellness calls were made to determine educational and technical support needs of the older adults designated as underprivileged. We identified 44 participants to receive telehealth devices. Samsung tablets were mailed with educational resources, developed by NSU SFGWEP related to COVID-19 pandemic. The information included health, vaccine education, and instructions to access telehealth services. They had the tablets for six months. We conducted bi-weekly calls to offer peer training to access the educational materials. The participants were asked a series of questions to assess the effectiveness of the peer training support. Among participants, 36% (n=16) found the education materials impactful. Most participants, 89% (n=39), used the tablet, and 23% (n=10) reported using it daily. 11% (n=5) used it for telehealth, 7% (n=3) to connect with friends and family, and 7% (n=3) to connect with faith. This pilot project suggests that tablets were beneficial in assisting the participants in accessing education materials and resources encouraging the use of telehealth appointments and eliminating some of the social isolation.
PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH APPROACH FOR EVALUATING HOME ENVIRONMENT FOR OLDER ADULTS WITH DISABILITIES
Authors: Tissot Juliana , Ramadhani Widya , Vergara Lizandra , Rogers Wendy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Regardless of where they live, older adults’ ability to retain their independence depends on their health and capacity. Considering that older adults are more likely to experience disabilities, there are opportunities for built environmental intervention to help them conduct everyday activities to achieve successful aging in place. We conducted participatory research with designers, architects, and aging specialists to identify aspects and characteristics of the physical space that can support or limit older adults’ ability to do everyday activities. The research was conducted at the McKechnie Family LIFE Home, a home simulation facility. Participants were asked to walk through the home spaces and identify potential challenges and solutions for older adults with different disabilities (i.e., mobility, cognitive, sensory, socio-emotional), followed by a group discussion. Preliminary findings showed that the bathroom and kitchen had the most barriers. Recommendations to improve bathroom safety include installing high friction flooring, grab bars on both toilet sides, adequate wheelchair maneuvering space, and color contrast. Cooking was mentioned as a difficult activity and solutions included appliances at waist level, layout in “C” or a “U”, lights under cabinets, and in the foot space. Also, the cabinets doors should be translucent to allow them to check what is inside. The house floor plan should be designed with considerations of users’ everyday activities and the relationship between these activities, such as having the bathroom nearby bedroom, laundry nearby the kitchen to improve users ‘mobility. We have developed a protocol for designers to follow when evaluating home spaces.
INTERACTIONS WITH PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA, LEARNING EXPERIENCES, AND PUBLIC STIGMA AGAINST DEMENTIA
Authors: Noguchi Taiji , Nakagawa Takeshi , Komatsu Ayane , Shang Erhua , Murata Chiyoe , Saito Tami 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Overcoming stigma around dementia is a global challenge. This cross-sectional study examined the association of experiences of interacting with people with dementia (PwD) and learning about dementia, with the public-stigma against dementia. We recruited—via an internet survey—710 Japanese adults (mean age = 46.3 years; 49.3% females) without any medical or welfare license, or dementia-related work experience. Public-stigma against dementia was assessed using the Japanese version of Phillipson et al.’s scale (2012) exploring dementia-related attitudes in the context of “personal avoidance,” “person centeredness,” “fear of labeling,” and “fear of discrimination.” Multivariable linear regression analysis was employed to examine the association of interacting with PwD and learning regarding dementia as explanatory variables with dementia stigma score, adjusting for sociodemographic variables. Regarding interactions with PwD, talking or activities with PwD were associated with low “personal avoidance” (β = -1.47, p = 0.002), “fear of labeling” (β = -0.96, p = 0.020), and “fear of discrimination” (β = -0.396, p = 0.043). Experiences of living with PwD were associated with low “personal avoidance” (β = -2.35, p = 0.002) and “fear of discrimination” (β = -0.789, p = 0.013). Learning experiences at school regarding dementia were associated with low “personal avoidance” (β = -4.01, p &lt; 0.001), and self-learning experiences were associated with low “personal avoidance” (β = -1.73, p = 0.049) and high “person centeredness” (β = 1.27, p = 0.037). However, workplace learning was not associated with any area. Interacting with PwD and learning about dementia might reduce associated public-stigma.
SOCIOECONOMIC PRIVILEGE IN CHILDHOOD AND LATER LIFE COGNITION
Authors: Williams-Farrelly Monica 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Prior studies have demonstrated the effects of early socioeconomic status on later life cognition; yet the degree to which this effect operates directly, or indirectly through adult factors, is not well documented. Drawing from accumulation theories, we use longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study and its Life History Mail Survey (N=11,761) to examine the extent to which childhood socioeconomic privilege protects against later life cognitive decline and whether this effect is direct or indirect through measures of adult socioeconomic position. Analyses reveal that, among childhood privilege measures, consistent attendance in private school, participation in college preparation, foreign language, and multiple clubs in high school were most protective of later life cognition. The effect of cumulative childhood privilege on later life cognition is both direct and indirect through increased wealth and education credentials and the strength of this relationship is particularly robust for those demonstrating upward social mobility.
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DAILY DRINKING AND DAILY MEMORY LAPSES AMONG MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER ADULTS IN THE MIDUS STUDY
Authors: Miller Sara , Mogle Jacqueline , Linden-Carmichael Ashley , Almeida David 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Alcohol use predicts short- and long-term memory impairment. However, it is unclear how alcohol influences subjective memory, which refers to perceptions of one’s own memory functioning. This study examined associations between daily alcohol use and memory lapses (i.e., subjective memory) and evaluated perceived impact of memory lapses on daily life. Participants (n=953; Mage=55.2) were non-abstaining adults from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study who participated in the 8-day daily diary project. Survey items included number of drinks and 9 memory lapse items (1=yes). After each reported memory lapse, participants indicated memory lapse irritation (range=1-10) and interference (range=1-10). Covariates included age, gender, race, education, and cognitive functioning. Multilevel logistic regression analysis revealed that within-person alcohol use (OR=1.07; p&lt; 0.01), but not between-person alcohol use (p&gt;0.05), was associated with greater odds of reporting any memory lapses. When assessing retrospective and prospective lapses separately, only the prediction of prospective lapses from between-person alcohol use was significant (OR=1.11; p=0.01). Finally, multilevel linear regression analysis indicated that neither within-person nor between-person alcohol use was predictive of reported irritation or interference from memory lapses (p&gt;0.05). Study findings revealed between- and within-person associations between alcohol use and subjective memory. At the daily-level, individuals were more likely to notice memory lapses on days they drank more than usual. At the person-level, people who drank more relative to others were more likely to report prospective memory lapses. Future studies should assess how associations between alcohol use and subjective memory relate to objective cognitive functioning outcomes.
DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS: THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL DISTANCING ON RELIGIOUS AND SPIRITUAL PRACTICE AND BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS
Authors: Britt Katherine , Radhakrishnan Kavita , Fry Liam , Richards Kathy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Prevalent among older adults with Alzheimer’s disease related dementia (ADRD), behavioral symptoms can cause adverse consequences for those with ADRD and their caregivers. Prompting earlier institutionalization and increased rapid cognitive decline, behavioral disturbances are difficult to manage. Social isolation prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic limited social and religious activities utilized by caregivers and older adults with ADRD for coping and may have affected behavioral symptoms and overall well-being. This qualitative study aimed to explore the impact of the pandemic on behavioral symptoms, religious and spiritual (R/S) utilization for coping, and well-being in caregivers and older adults with ADRD. A purposive sample of 7 home family caregivers and 7 nursing home caregivers (4 indirect family caregivers, 3 nurse practitioners) actively caring for an older adult with ADRD participated in semi-structured telephone interviews. Directed content analysis was used to analyze data. While behavioral symptoms increased overall for older adults with ADRD and social R/S practice abruptly declined, they still utilized individual R/S resources for coping such as prayers, reading religious texts, and holding a prayer book which provided a calming effect, decreased their anxiety, and prompted memories. Caregivers participated in R/S virtual groups which calmed them, connected them with others, helped them transition to sleep, and prompted mindfulness. Resources and interventions utilizing social and individual R/S for coping are warranted as they have the potential to promote cognitive stimulation, connection with others, decrease neuropsychiatric symptoms, and decrease stress.
4MS AGE-FRIENDLY HEALTHCARE INITIATIVE IMPLEMENTATION ON AN ACUTE CARE FOR ELDERS UNIT
Authors: Wilson Lucy , Rick Chelsea , Welch Sarah , Nelson Sarah , Lawson Olivia , Boren Hannah , Duggan Mariu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Although evidence supports 4Ms [Medication, Mentation, What Matters Most (WMM), Mobility] care for older adults, successful implementation at an academic hospital is not well described. The aim of this study was to describe the implementation methods and process measures for 4Ms delivery on the Acute Care for Elders (ACE) unit at an academic hospital. We used the Institute for Healthcare Improvement’s Model for Improvement to guide efforts. We set SMART goals for each M: best possible medication reconciliation, identification of potentially inappropriate medications, and recommendations to deprescribe (medication), delirium screen documented 2x/day and delirium nonpharmacologic protocol in place (mentation), documentation of WMM and care alignment (WMM), Johns Hopkins-Highest Level of Mobility screen assessed during the patient’s hospitalization, mobilization of patient 3x/day offered and documented, and restraints avoided (mobility). We mapped current and ideal workflows. We sought community grant funding to expand the implementation team, supporting a nurse educator to train the unit and data analyst to extract real-time data from the electronic medical record to inform improvement processes. Multiple Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles were run iteratively and discussed at weekly team meetings. We included patients &gt;65 years old, admitted for &gt;48 hours, and excluded patients admitted on hospice. Of 519 eligible patients admitted from 04/2021-01/2022, goals were met by 454 (87%) for medication, 187 (36%) for mentation, 130 (25%) for WMM, and 6 (1%) for mobility. We found implementing 4M care processes at an academic hospital to be feasible. Further exploration of barriers to meeting the mobility target is warranted.
DEVELOPMENT OF A HOPE-BASED HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM TO IMPROVE HEALTH BEHAVIORS AMONG DIVERSE OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Howell Britteny , Worthington Amber , Redmond Leslie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Studies have shown that health education can improve dietary intake, exercise, and energy balance, which improves health outcomes and quality of life. However, diverse low-income older adults may have low self-efficacy coupled with potentially negative opinions regarding the aging process. Emerging research suggests that asset-based approaches utilizing persuasive and hopeful messages may be particularly effective with diverse populations of older adults who may be struggling with negative perceptions of self-efficacy. Research also shows that health behavior change interventions are most likely to be successful among diverse populations when they incorporate messages of resilience and facilitate information sharing and diffusion among participants. This presentation outlines the program curriculum development process of a student-led health promotion program by an interdisciplinary team of university researchers. Public health, dietetics, and communication faculty utilized Persuasive Hope Theory (PHT) and Self-Efficacy Theory to create a 15-week program to improve fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity among low-income adults aged 55+ living in Anchorage, Alaska. We will also detail the curricular components for this NIA-funded program which will be delivered in Fall 2022.
PATIENTS’ SPIRITUAL CONCERNS AND NEEDS DURING GOALS OF CARE CONVERSATIONS: HEALTHCARE CHAPLAINS’ PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Kwak Jung , Rajagopal Shilpa , Dronamraju Neha , Handzo George , Hughes Brian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Healthcare chaplains are critical members of interdisciplinary healthcare teams and routinely facilitate advance care planning (ACP) and goals of care conversations with patients with serious illnesses. These conversations involve discussion of one’s deeply held personal values and beliefs as well as uncertainty, fears, and hopes for current and future health care needs. However, there is limited empirical data on how patients’ spiritual concerns and needs are addressed during these conversations. An online survey of 563 board-certified chaplains was conducted from March to July 2020 to identify chaplains’ roles in facilitating goals of care conversations and included three open-ended questions about patients’ hopes and fears and how chaplains addressed them. Quantitative data and written qualitative responses from 244 chaplains were analyzed using descriptive analysis and content analysis, respectively. Majority of participants were white (83.6%), female (59%), Protestant (63.1%), employed full-time (82%), and worked in community hospital settings (45.5%) or academic medical centers (32.8%). Six major themes emerged from chaplains’ qualitative responses: (1) the utility of ACP; (2) focus on the present moment; (3) achieving a personally defined "good death"; (4) spiritual and religious matters and beliefs; (5) caring for and connection with family; and (6) how to address hopes and fears during ACP. ACP and goals of care conversations reflect profound human desires and needs; they require deeper listening and engagement by interdisciplinary team members to provide adequate spiritual and psychosocial support in addition to providing medical information to fulfill the intended meaning and purpose of ACP.
HEALTH SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION, SCALING, AND IMPACT OF THE 4MS FRAMEWORK TO ADVANCE AGE-FRIENDLY CARE
Authors: Adler-Milstein Julia , Lyles Courtney , Rogers Stephanie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
There is a critical need to redesign the healthcare system to provide more effective and tailored care to older adults. The 4Ms Framework (What Matters, Medication, Mentation and Mobility) offers a blueprint to guide health system efforts to deliver more age-friendly care. We sought to characterize and assess real-world implementation experiences with the 4Ms in three health systems (University of California, San Francisco, University of Utah, & Anne Arundel Medical Center). Specifically, we conducted semi-structured interviews (N=29) with diverse stakeholders from each site to characterize the approach to operationalize the framework and assess the implementation experience. Via cross-site content analysis of interview transcripts, we identified four themes. First, the 4Ms offer a compelling conceptual framework around which to organize health system efforts to advance age-friendly care, but each “M” required distinct, complex implementation work that resulted in a fragmented implementation experience. Second and relatedly, inpatient and ambulatory efforts to implement the 4Ms became disconnected, with missed opportunities for synergies and gave little attention to the 4Ms during care transitions. Third, non-physician leadership was key to initiating 4Ms implementation efforts, but obtaining physician buy-in, which often came later, was essential to full implementation. Fourth, sustained 4Ms implementation efforts required both top-down vision and communication from leadership as well as bottom-up culture change that engaged and motivated frontline workers. As efforts to spread the 4Ms Framework advance, these results offer important implementation guidance and also suggest domains in which the Framework may need to be adapted to accommodate real-world implementation experiences.
OBJECTIVE HEARING, SUBJECTIVE HEARING, AND PHONE-BASED MEMORY TESTING
Authors: Atkinson Taylor , Andel Ross 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hearing impairment may make responding to phone-based memory tests difficult. Words with fricative consonants may pose particular difficulty, as telephones exclude high-frequency sounds necessary for their intelligibility. We hypothesized that recall would be impacted by hearing ability and word type (fricative vs. non-fricative) in a phone-based word list task.Participants (N=1,352, mean age=69.1) in the 2016 and 2018 waves of the Health and Retirement Study completed a phone-based word list recall task evenly split (5 each) between fricative and nonfricative words. Hearing was measured objectively (OH) and subjectively (SH), and each were dichotomized into ‘good’ and ‘poor’ hearing. Covariates included age, sex, race, education, depression, a subjective health rating, and functional limitations. Separate mixed-design ANCOVAs were used for OH and SH, where word type recall was within-subject, and hearing ability was between-subject. For OH, there was a main effect of word type (F(1,1341)=5.67, p=.02) and hearing ability (F(1, 1341)=87.76, p&lt;.001) but no interaction (p&gt;.05). Participants recalled 0.35 fewer fricative words than nonfricative words, and participants with poor OH recalled 0.12 fewer words on average (ps&lt;.001). For SH, there was still a main effect of word type (F(1,1341)=5.39, p =.02), but no effect of hearing ability (p&gt;.05). OH and SH classifications had low agreement (Kappa=.22, p&lt;.001). Hearing ability and word acoustic properties can affect word recall in phone-based tests. Objective hearing tests are important, as subjective ratings do not necessarily agree. Researchers should be careful when constructing telephone-based cognitive tests in order to avoid memory impairment misestimation.
THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN MEMORY SPECIFICITY AND COGNITIVE INHIBITION
Authors: Chien Jessie , Eich Teal 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pattern separation studies suggest age-related declines in discriminating between a newly and a previously encountered overlapping mental representations. However, when similar experiences occur contemporaneously, shared features may serve as intrinsic factors that interfere with the ability to encode and retrieve events as distinct memories. If so, successful inhibition of competitors might also be necessary to maintain memory specificity. Here, we investigated the interplay between memory specificity and inhibitory control in younger (20-35;n=34) and older (65+;n=37) adults by testing whether and how presenting a target item with a lure item (varied in its similarity to the target) influenced recognition accuracy, probed using a 3-item (target, lure, and a non-presented control) forced-choice recognition test. Surprisingly, we found no age-related differences, including in target accuracy, which was high in both groups (young=80.25%; older=77.86%). While not age-specific, we did find that the pattern of errors varied as a function of the level of similarity between the items at encoding. When target and lure were highly similar, a greater proportion of control items were falsely-recognized relative to lure items. It is possible that inhibition of the lure spread to the target, leaving both inaccessible at retrieval (e.g., a retrieval-induced forgetting effect). When the target and lure were less similar, participants false alarmed more to lure than control, potentially because the lure provided less competition and thus did not necessitate inhibitory control. These results shed light on how inhibitory processes might be differentially involved, but age-invariant, depending on the similarity of encoded items.
AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN CUED TASK SWITCHING
Authors: Lydon Elizabeth , Mudar Raksha 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The task switching paradigm is widely used to examine cognitive switching, a critical subcomponent of cognitive control. Studies on aging suggest that switching is particularly vulnerable to age-related changes in cognition. However, the effects of manipulating the stimulus dimension on task switching performance is relatively understudied. In this study, 13 younger adults (YA; 11F; Mean Age= 22.31) and 13 older adults (OA; 8F; Mean Age= 65.85) completed a novel cued task-switching paradigm requiring speeded same-different judgments based on a perceptual (color) or conceptual (animal) dimension of the stimuli. Task switching performance was measured using switch cost, which is the difference in accuracy between switch and repeat trials. Overall both YA and OA exhibited switch costs, indicating increased cognitive demand when switching between judgments compared to repetition of the same judgement. In regard to group differences, YA and OA performed similarly when performance was collapsed across the stimulus dimensions; however, when examined separately, OA exhibited worse performance than YA when making conceptual judgements. These results highlight the importance of examining carefully manipulated stimulus-related factors in task switching paradigms to advance our understanding of cognitive control and aging.