bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet After Ileostomy Study: an observational study describing dietary intake and stoma‐related symptoms in people with an ileostomy
Authors: England Clare , Mitchell Alexandra , Atkinson Charlotte 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeople with ileostomy are frequently advised to avoid specific foods and food groups, making it plausible that they are at risk of a range of nutrition‐related adverse health consequences. Despite this there has been no recent study in the United Kingdom describing dietary intake, symptoms and food avoidance in people with ileostomy or post‐reversal.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted at different time points in people with ileostomy and reversal. Participants were recruited at 6–10 weeks post‐formation (n = 17) and ≥12 months with established ileostomy (n = 16) and with reversal (n = 20). In all participants, ileostomy/bowel‐related symptoms in the previous week were assessed using a study‐specific questionnaire. Dietary intake was assessed using three online diet recalls or 3‐day dietary records. Food avoidance and reasons for food avoidance were assessed. Data were summarised using descriptive statistics.ResultsParticipants reported a few ileostomy/bowel‐related symptoms in the previous week. However, over 85% of participants reported avoiding foods, particularly fruits and vegetables. At 6–10 weeks the most common reason was being advised to do so (71%), although 53% avoided foods due to gas. At ≥12 months the most common reasons were foods visible in the bag (60%) or advised to do so (60%). Reported intakes of most nutrients were comparable to population medians, apart from lower fibre in people with ileostomy. Intakes of free sugars and saturated fats were above recommended levels in all groups, due to high consumption of cakes and biscuits and sugar‐sweetened drinks.ConclusionAfter the initial healing period, foods should not be automatically excluded unless found to be problematic after reintroduction. There may be a need for healthy eating advice for people with established ileostomies and post‐reversal, targeting discretionary high‐fat, high‐sugar foods.
Late Neoproterozoic–Cambrian eclogites and high‐pressure granulites in the Central Qilian terrane (China) record the earliest subduction of Proto‐Tethyan Ocean in the eastern Tethysides
Authors: Wang Hao , Xiao Wenjiao , Li Rui , Chen Hongxu , Tan Zhou , Mao Qigui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Central Qilian terrane (CQT) of the northern Tibetan Plateau played a key role in the tectonic evolution of the Proto‐Tethyan Ocean in the Tethysides, but its formation and tectonic attribution have been hotly debated. Here, we report the discovery of eclogites and HP mafic granulites in the Beidahe Complex of the western CQT. These occur as blocks of various sizes within a sequence of metavolcanic–sedimentary rocks, exhibiting typical a ‘block‐in‐matrix’ and thrust imbrication structure. The eclogite facies metamorphic rocks preserve distinct mineral assemblages and textures corresponding to prograde, peak, and retrograde metamorphism. By combining phase equilibrium modelling with SHRIMP and LA‐ICPMS U–Pb dating of metamorphic zircon, sphene, and rutile, the Late Neoproterozoic–Cambrian (c. 553–516 Ma) eclogite facies peak with low thermal gradients of 10–14°C/km, Cambrian (c. 515–506 Ma) post‐peak decompression and Ordovician (c. 495–455 Ma) cooling histories for these metabasic rocks have been restored. These constitute hairpin‐type clockwise pressure–temperature–time (P–T–t) paths depicting in detail the sequence of deep subduction and subsequent exhumation in Central Qilian during the Late Neoproterozoic to Early Palaeozoic. Our new findings suggest that the CQT represents a Japan‐type arc‐accretionary system that formed as a result of the North Qilian oceanic plate, one of the major branches of the Proto‐Tethys Ocean, being subducted southward. Eclogites in the Beidahe Complex in western CQT offer the earliest (c. 553 Ma) metamorphic record of subduction in the Qilian orogen, indicating that the North Qilian Ocean commenced subducting southward prior to the Late Neoproterozoic.
Atopic dermatitis in a chimpanzee (pan troglodytes verus)—A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge
Authors: Hoes Nicole P. M. , van Bolhuis Hester , Platteel Anouk C. M. , Leistra Mieke H. G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDiagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in chimpanzees are challenging. Validated allergy tests specific for chimpanzees are not available. A multifactorial management of atopic dermatitis is important. Successful management of AD has, to the best knowledge of the authors, not been described in chimpanzees.
Comparative study of cranial measurements between sexes from Brazil and The Netherlands: A cone‐beam computed tomography study
Authors: Gamba Thiago Oliveira , Oliveira Matheus L. , Flores Isadora Luana , Da Silveira Heraldo Luis Dias , Sanderink Gerard C. H. , Berkhout W. Erwin R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to better understand human variation by comparing cone‐beam computed tomography‐based cranial measurements between both sexes of individuals from two distinct populations: Brazilian and Dutch. Cone‐beam computed tomography volumes of 311 patients between 20 and 60 years from Brazil and The Netherlands were selected. Two radiologists performed 16 linear measurements in the maxillary sinuses and mandibular canal. Kruskall–Wallis test compared measurements of the two cranial structures between male and female for the two populations and four age ranges (20–30, 31–40, 41–50, 51–60). Mann–Whitney test compared individual measurements obtained from the cranial structures between male and female for each population, and between both populations for both sexes. Intra‐ and inter‐observer reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation test (α = 0.05). No significant differences were found in the linear measurements among the experimental groups including sex, population and age group for both cranial structures (p > 0.05). Most of the cranial linear measurements were significantly higher for male than those for female irrespective of the population (p ≤ 0.05). When the populations were compared regardless of sex, Brazilians presented four significantly higher measurements, and Dutch presented seven significantly higher measurements (p ≤ 0.05). The assessed cranial structures did not differ between Brazilian and Dutch populations for both sexes and four age ranges. Multiple linear measurements differed between both populations with a predominance of larger dimensions for the Dutch population.
Effects of registered nurses' staffing levels, work environment and education levels on nursing home residents' quality of life and nurse outcomes
Authors: Cho Eunhee , Min Deulle , Heo Seok‐Jae , Lee Kyoungeun , Kim Hyejin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo examine the effects of registered nurse staffing levels, work environment and education levels on the residents' quality of life and nurses' job dissatisfaction, burnout and turnover intention.BackgroundRegistered nurse staffing status and work environment are suboptimal in nursing homes worldwide. Nursing home care aims to maximise residents' quality of life. However, evidence on the impact of registered nurse staffing levels, work environment and education levels on the residents' quality of life and nurse outcomes in nursing homes is limited.DesignThis is a cross‐sectional observational study.MethodsA total of 513 residents and 117 registered nurses from 39 nursing homes in South Korea participated in surveys. The main measures included registered nurses' staffing levels, work environment, education levels, residents' quality of life, registered nurses' job dissatisfaction, burnout and turnover intention. We analysed data using the generalised estimating equations and reported the study using the STROBE checklist.ResultsOverall, the residents' quality‐of‐life score was 13.7 ± 2.6 (out of 17). Residents in nursing homes with a higher number of registered nurses or with work environment evaluated as ‘mixed’ or ‘better’ (compared with ‘poor’) had a higher quality of life. Regarding nurse outcomes, 74.4% of the registered nurses were dissatisfied with their current jobs, 12.0% had burnout and 18.8% had a turnover intention. Registered nurses working in ‘mixed’ or ‘better’ work environment were less likely to have job dissatisfaction. Registered nurses' education levels did not have a statistically significant effect on the resident and nurse outcomes.ConclusionsRegistered nurse staffing levels and work environment should be considered important for improving residents' quality of life and nurses' job satisfaction.Relevance to Clinical PracticeRegulation and policy reforms are needed to increase the registered nurse staffing levels and to create a good work environment in nursing homes.Patient or Public ContributionNursing home residents and registered nurses participated in the surveys of this study. Registered nurses facilitated resident recruitment by identifying and introducing the study to residents who were eligible for study participation.Trial RegistrationNot applicable.
Central bank forecasting: A survey
Authors: Binder Carola Conces , Sekkel Rodrigo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCentral banks' forecasts are important monetary policy inputs and tools for central bank communication. We survey the literature on forecasting at the Federal Reserve, European Central Bank, Bank of England, and Bank of Canada, focusing especially on recent developments. After describing these central banks' forecasting frameworks, we discuss the literature on central bank forecast evaluation and new tests of unbiasedness and efficiency. We also discuss evidence of central banks' informational advantage over private sector forecasters, which appears to have weakened over time, and how central bank forecasts may affect private sector expectations even in the absence of an informational advantage. We discuss how the Great Recession led central banks to evaluate their forecasting frameworks, how the Covid‐19 pandemic has further challenged central bank forecasting, and directions for future research.
Surface electromyographic activity of submental muscles during different types of swallow‐specific tasks: A comparative study
Authors: Söyler Ayşe Kübra , Serel Arslan Selen , Demir Numan , Kıylıoğlu Nefati 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundRepetitive performance of a motor task has been proposed to increase the ability to perform that motor task. Therefore, exercise training including swallow‐specific task may be an optimal training to improve swallowing function.ObjectivesTo determine the submental muscles activity during different types of swallow‐specific tasks (effortful swallow, ES; tongue‐hold swallow, THS; swallow with Kinesio taping, SwKT; and head extension swallowing exercise, HESE) compared to normal swallow (NS), and also compare these tasks within themselves.MethodsThirty‐five healthy adults participated in this prospective experimental study with one participant group. The surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to evaluate submental muscles activity while performing swallow‐specific tasks.ResultsWhile the greatest submental muscles activity was revealed during the ES, HESE, NS and THS tasks, respectively, the lowest was obtained during SwKT. When compared to NS, ES caused a statistically greater submental muscles activity (p1 = .000 and p2 = .000), although SwKT revealed a lower submental muscles activity (p1 = .002 and p2 = .000). When swallow‐specific tasks were compared within themselves, ES caused the highest muscles activity (p < .005) than all other tasks, and HESE caused higher muscles activity than THS and SwKT (p < .005).ConclusionDifferent swallow‐specific tasks can cause increased or decreased submental muscles activity compared to NS task. Since ES and HESE are superior in selective submental muscles, they appear to be more promising in terms of submental muscles gains in long‐term exercise training.
Biocultural innovation: Innovating at the intersection of the biosphere and ethnosphere
Authors: Vassallo Jarrod P. , Banerjee Sourindra , Prabhu Jaideep C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractScientists, economists, and politicians increasingly recognize that Indigenous peoples possess invaluable knowledge and practices that have the potential to drive innovation to solve critical global challenges. Indeed, thousands of important drugs—including lifesaving cancer treatments—have their origins in centuries old Indigenous knowledge and practices. Similarly, Indigenous practices have fueled the fast‐growing regenerative agriculture industry that is able to yield windfall profits while sequestering carbon and enhancing biodiversity. Referred to in policy circles as biocultural innovation—a form of innovation that occurs at the intersection of the biosphere and ethnosphere—hundreds of diverse examples from a wide array of industries have been documented outside of the innovation literature. However, innovation scholars have yet to recognize or embrace biocultural innovation. We argue that this major oversight hinders practice and leaves untapped potential for solving issues such as slow or unsustainable economic growth, ecological decline, and inequality. To address this gap, we provide a clear definition of biocultural innovation, differentiate it from other innovation domains, and establish its conceptual foundations. Informed by economic theorizing that views the ethnosphere and biosphere as assets, we propose that these assets share four traits: functionality, potentiality, vulnerability, and inseparability (“FPVI shared traits”). Due to their immense biocultural diversity, we assert that these assets carry an “option value” representing enormous innovation potential that can be converted, conserved, or constructed to solve global challenges (the “3Cs”). We conclude by identifying promising avenues for future research on biocultural innovation and a call for action on how to unlock economic and social value while supporting biocultural assets and Indigenous rights.
Long‐term biogeographical processes dominate patterns of genetic diversity in a wingless grasshopper despite substantial recent habitat fragmentation
Authors: Hoffmann Ary A. , Jasper Moshe , White Vanessa L. , Yagui Hiromi , Kearney Michael R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLow‐vagility species may hold strong genetic signatures of past biogeographical processes but are also vulnerable to habitat loss. Flightless grasshoppers of the morabine group were once widespread in southeastern Australia, including Tasmania, but are becoming restricted to remnant patches of vegetation, with local ranges impacted by agriculture and development as well as management. Habitat fragmentation can generate genetically differentiated “island” populations with low genetic variation. However, following revegetation, populations could be re‐established, and gene flow increased. Here we characterize single nucleotide polymorphism‐based genetic variation in a widespread chromosomal race of the morabine Vandiemenella viatica (race 19) to investigate the genetic health of remnant populations and to provide guidelines for restoration efforts. We update the distribution of this race to new sites in Victoria and Tasmania, and show that V. viatica populations from northern Tasmania and eastern Victoria have reduced genetic variation compared to other mainland populations. In contrast, there was no effect of habitat fragment size on genetic variation. Tasmanian V. viatica populations fell into two groups, one connected genetically to eastern Victoria and the other connected to southwestern Victoria. Mainland populations showed isolation by distance. These patterns are consistent with expectations from past biogeographical processes rather than local recent population fragmentation and emphasize the importance of small local reserves in preserving genetic variation. The study highlights how genomic analyses can combine information on genetic variability and population structure to identify biogeographical patterns within a species, which in turn can inform decisions on potential source populations for translocations.
Genomic divergence between two sister Medicago species triggered by the quaternary climatic oscillations on the Qinghai–Tibet plateau and northern China
Authors: Guo Wei , Yang Yingbo , Zhang Xu , Chen Jinyuan , Wu Shuang , Yang Jinli , Qu Kunjing , He Ling , Liu Meijun , Hu Hongyin , Liu Zhipeng , Ren Guangpeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSpeciation is a central topic in evolutionary biology. However, how genomic divergence originates and accumulates in the face of gene flow during ecological adaptation remains poorly understood. Closely related species that have adapted to distinct environments but inhabit some overlapping ranges provide an ideal system to evaluate this issue. Here, we combine population genomics and species distribution models (SDMs) to examine genomic divergences between two sister plant species, Medicago ruthenica and M. archiducis‐nicolai, that occur in northern China and the northeast Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, respectively, with overlapping distributions in the border of the two regions. M. ruthenica and M. archiducis‐nicolai are well‐delimited based on population genomic data, although hybrids exist in sympatric sampling locations. Coalescent simulations and SDMs suggest that the two species diverged from each other in the Quaternary but have been in continuous contact with gene flow occurring between the two species since then. We also discovered positive selection signatures associated with genes both outside and within genomic islands in both species that are probably involved in adaptations to arid and high‐altitude environments. Our findings provide insights into how natural selection and climatic changes in the Quaternary initiated and maintained interspecific divergence of these two sister species.
γ‐Aminobutyric acid plays a key role in alleviating Glomerella leaf spot in apples
Authors: Li Yuxing , Cui Yinglian , Liu Boyang , Xu Ruixuan , Shi Yanjiao , Lv Lingling , Wang Hongtao , Shang Yueming , Liang Wei , Ma Fengwang , Li Cuiying 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe fungal disease Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) seriously impacts apple production. As a nonprotein amino acid, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is widely involved in biotic and abiotic stresses. However, it is not clear whether GABA is involved in a plant's response to GLS, nor is its molecular mechanism understood. Here, we found that exogenous GABA could significantly alleviate GLS, reduce lesion lengths, and increase antioxidant capacity. MdGAD1 was identified as a possible key gene for GABA synthesis in apple. Further analysis indicated that MdGAD1 promoted antioxidant capacity to improve apple GLS resistance in transgenic apple calli and leaves. Yeast one‐hybrid analysis identified the transcription factor MdWRKY33 upstream of MdGAD1. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay, β‐glucuronidase activity, and luciferase activity further supported that MdWRKY33 bound directly to the promoter of MdGAD1. The content of GABA and the transcription level of MdGAD1 in the MdWRKY33 transgenic calli were higher than that of the wild type. When MdWRKY33 transgenic calli and leaves were inoculated with GLS, MdWKRY33 positively regulated resistance to GLS. These results explained the positive regulatory effects of GABA on apple GLS and provided insight into the metabolic regulatory network of GABA.
Bilateral medial medullary infarction due to varicella‐zoster virus vasculopathy: A case report
Authors: Mizutani Keisuke , Oguri Takuya , Sakurai Keita , Yuasa Hiroyuki , Takada Koji 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBilateral medial medullary infarction (MMI) is a rare form of ischemic stroke, mainly caused by vertebral artery atherosclerosis or small penetrating artery disease. We report a case of bilateral MMI due to varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) vasculopathy. An 81‐year‐old man presented with altered consciousness and right hemiplegia during disseminated herpes zoster. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of his cerebrospinal fluid detected positive VZV‐DNA, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed ischemic infarction localized to the ventral part of the bilateral medial medulla and enhancement of the left vertebral artery. After initiating intravenous acyclovir administration, his consciousness, skin rashes, and general condition improved gradually, whereas pyramidal symptoms deteriorated into quadriplegia. This case demonstrates that VZV vasculopathy may cause bilateral MMI.
A conserved gene regulatory network controls root epidermal cell patterning in superrosid species
Authors: Zhu Yan , Schiefelbein John 
Published: March 2023

Summary
In superrosid species, root epidermal cells differentiate into root hair cells and nonhair cells. In some superrosids, the root hair cells and nonhair cells are distributed randomly (Type I pattern), and in others, they are arranged in a position‐dependent manner (Type III pattern). The model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) adopts the Type III pattern, and the gene regulatory network (GRN) that controls this pattern has been defined. However, it is unclear whether the Type III pattern in other species is controlled by a similar GRN as in Arabidopsis, and it is not known how the different patterns evolved.
In this study, we analyzed superrosid species Rhodiola rosea, Boehmeria nivea, and Cucumis sativus for their root epidermal cell patterns. Combining phylogenetics, transcriptomics, and cross‐species complementation, we analyzed homologs of the Arabidopsis patterning genes from these species.
We identified R. rosea and B. nivea as Type III species and C. sativus as Type I species. We discovered substantial similarities in structure, expression, and function of Arabidopsis patterning gene homologs in R. rosea and B. nivea, and major changes in C. sativus.
We propose that in superrosids, diverse Type III species inherited the patterning GRN from a common ancestor, whereas Type I species arose by mutations in multiple lineages.
Deciphering the mechanism of fungal pathogen‐induced disease‐suppressive soil
Authors: Wen Tao , Ding Zhexu , Thomashow Linda S. , Hale Lauren , Yang Shengdie , Xie Penghao , Liu Xiaoyu , Wang Heqi , Shen Qirong , Yuan Jun 
Published: March 2023

Summary
One model of a disease‐suppressive soil predicts that the confrontation of plant with a phytopathogen can lead to the recruitment and accumulation of beneficial microorganisms. However, more information needs to be deciphered regarding which beneficial microbes become enriched, and how the disease suppression is achieved.
Here, we conditioned soil by continuously growing eight generations of cucumber inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum in a split‐root system.
Disease incidence was found to decrease gradually upon pathogen infection accompanied with higher quantity of reactive oxygen species (ROS mainly OH•) in roots and accumulation of Bacillus and Sphingomonas. These key microbes were proven to protect the cucumber from pathogen infection by inducing high ROS level in the roots through enrichment of pathways, including a two‐component system, a bacterial secretion system, and flagellar assembly revealed by metagenomics sequencing. Untargeted metabolomics analysis combined with in vitro application assays suggested that threonic acid and lysine were pivotal to recruit Bacillus and Sphingomonas.
Collectively, our study deciphered a ‘cry for help’ case, wherein cucumber releases particular compounds to enrich beneficial microbes that raise the ROS level of host to prevent pathogen attack. More importantly, this may be one of the fundamental mechanisms underpinning disease‐suppressive soil formation.