bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dihydroazulene‐Boron Subphthalocyanine Conjugates with Oligo(phenyleneethynylene) Bridging Unit: Photoswitchable Fluorophores
Authors: Bukuroshi Esmeralda , Ugleholdt Petersen Anne , Jensen Cecilie , Kirkholt Lund Mathias , Kühnel Martin , Nørgaard Kasper , Bender Timothy P. , Brøndsted Nielsen Mogens 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work, we have linked the dihydroazulene (DHA)/vinylheptafulvene (VHF) photo‐/thermoswitch and the boron subphthalocyanine (BsubPc) fluorophore via an axial oligo(phenyleneethynylene) bridging unit into new DHA‐BsubPc conjugates. The objectives were to elucidate the influence of BsubPc on the DHA/VHF switching reactions and the influence of DHA/VHF on the BsubPc fluorescence in these conjugates for which the entire axial substituent connected to boron comprises one large, conjugated scaffold. We present the synthesis and properties of DHA‐BsubPc conjugates with varying peripheral substituents on the BsubPc core, being either unsubstituted (H12BsubPc) or partially fluorinated (F6BsubPc). Fluorination of the BsubPc core provided a remarkable increase in the reversibility of the DHA‐VHF interconversions promoted by light and heat, respectively, and accompanied by on/off switching of the BsubPc fluorescence. Synthetically, the units were connected using Sonogashira coupling reactions of suitable acetylenic building blocks.
Exploring the link between administrative styles and policy output: The case of the Italian Extraordinary Commissioner for the Covid‐19 Emergency
Authors: Casula Mattia , Malandrino Anna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAdministrative style is a central concept in public policy and administration research. Despite the developments in the field, less is known about the effect different administrative styles have on policy output. To contribute to filling this gap, the article offers an original framework to explore the link between administrative styles and policy output based on the consolidated distinction between functional and positional orientations as constitutive elements of administrative styles. This framework is applied to an under‐investigated case of public organization in the Italian context, that is, the administrative apparatus headed by the Extraordinary Commissioner for the Covid‐19 Emergency, to test the general hypothesis that what makes the difference in determining output performance is an administration's positional orientation, not only its functional one. Doing so, the article contributes to “second generation” administrative style research and provides a theoretical and analytical framework to be tested in future cross‐national and cross‐sectoral comparisons.
Real‐time hybrid simulation for investigating the influence of vertical ground motions on the lateral response of RC piers
Authors: Park Jamin , Park Minseok , Chae Yunbyeong , Kim Chul‐Young 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe vertical component of ground motions can affect the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) piers as significant as its horizontal counterpart. However, real‐time testing for RC piers subjected to both horizontal and vertical ground motions has been scarcely conducted due to the difficulty in multi‐axial control of actuators. In this study, the seismic response of a bridge RC pier was investigated by conducting real‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS), where the RC pier was physically tested in the laboratory and the bridge superstructure was numerically modeled. The test setup that can synchronously apply both horizontal and vertical ground motions was constructed by using three dynamic actuators and a flexible loading beam (FLB). The lateral response of the RC pier was investigated by varying the intensities for vertical ground motions, while the same intensity for horizontal ground motion is used. It was found that the axial force from the dead load of superstructure can significantly affect the initial stiffness, strength, and post‐yield response of the RC pier. For the selected earthquake ground motions, however, the intensity of vertical ground motion did not make a substantial difference in the lateral response, although there was a notable difference in the fracture pattern.
Towards energy‐efficient smart homes via precise nonintrusive load disaggregation based on hybrid ANN–PSO
Authors: Ramadan R. , Huang Qi , Bamisile Olusola , Zalhaf Amr S. , Mahmoud Karar , Lehtonen Matti , Darwish Mohamed M. F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNowadays, the load monitoring system is an important element in smart buildings to reduce energy consumption. Nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) is utilized to determine the power consumption of each appliance in smart homes. The main problem of NILM is how to separate each appliance's power from the signal of aggregated consumption. In this regard, this paper presents a combination between particle swarm optimization (PSO) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) to identify electrical appliances for demand‐side management. ANN is applied in NILM as a load identification task, and PSO is used to train the ANN algorithm. This combination enhances the NILM technique's accuracy, which is further verified by experiments on different datasets like Reference Energy Disaggregation Dataset, UK Domestic Appliance‐Level ElectricityUK‐DALE, and Indian data for Ambient Water and electricity Sensing. The high accuracy of the proposed algorithm is verified by comparisons with state of the art methods. Compared with other approaches, the total mean absolute error has decreased from 39.3566 to 18.607. Also, the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) method has been used to compare the measured and predicted results. The NRMSE is in the range of 1.719%–16.514%, which means perfect consistency. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach for home energy management. Furthermore, customer behavior has been studied, considering energy costs during day hours.
Effects of ammonium polyphosphate and casein on the properties of poly (lactic acid)
Authors: Baochai Li , Yuling Zhang , Bakar Aznizam Abu , Mohamad Zurina , Jianhui Zhang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and casein (CSN) were added to poly (lactic acid) (PLA) to improve flame retardancy and maintain biodegradability. The flame retardancy, mechanical, and thermal properties of PLA/APP/CSN composites were evaluated, and the optimum ratio of APP and CSN was determined. The results showed that with the addition of 9 wt% flame retardant (APP:CSN=5:4), the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the PLA/APP/CSN composite reached 28.3%, and passed the UL‐94 V‐0 rating at 3 mm, char residue increased at 800°C and smoke emission was also significantly reduced compared to addition of APP without the addition of CSN. Besides that, the cone calorimeter result showed that the peak heat release rate and total heat release of the PLA/APP/CSN‐5 composite were 18.2% and 13.3%, respectively, lower than those of pure PLA. The addition of flame retardants inevitably led to a reduction in tensile and flex strength values, but the impact strength was improved.
Genome‐wide analysis, metabolomics, and transcriptomics reveal the molecular basis of ZlRc overexpression in promoting phenolic compound accumulation in rice seeds
Authors: Qi Qianqian , Li Wanhong , Yu Xiuting , Zhang Bintao , Shang Lianguang , Xie Yanning , Li Yali , Ding Anming , Shi John , Dou Yuqing , Du Yongmei , Zhang Zhongfeng , Yan Ning 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChinese wild rice (Zizania latifolia) is rich in phenolic compounds, particularly flavonoids. This study identified 203 basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLHs) in Z. latifolia and showed that ZlbHLH196 (Zla16G011250) corresponds to the ZlRc gene in Z. latifolia, with its protein product localizing to the nucleus. Notably, the pericarps of ZlRc‐overexpressing (OE) rice are brown, whereas those of wild‐type (WT) rice are nonpigmented. The total phenolic, flavonoid, and proanthocyanidin contents, antioxidant activity, as well as enzyme inhibitory effects of ZlRc‐OE rice were significantly higher than those of WT rice. Overall, 221 differential phenolic metabolites were identified between ZlRc‐OE and WT rice, among which 198 were upregulated in the former. Additionally, a total of 227 differentially expressed genes were identified between ZlRc‐OE and WT rice, with 173 upregulated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes annotation and enrichment analysis of phenolic metabolites revealed enhanced isoflavonoid, flavone, flavonol, and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways in ZlRc‐OE rice, which, furthermore, showed a markedly upregulated expression and significantly higher activities of four key flavonoid biosynthesis–related enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase, chalcone synthase, chalcone‐flavanone isomerase, and dihydroflavonol 4‐reductase). These findings show that ZlRc‐overexpression promotes phenolic compound accumulation in rice seeds and can be used to bioaugment rice phenolic content.
A conservative phase‐field lattice Boltzmann method for incompressible two‐phase flows
Authors: Hong Ning , Liu Xi , Wang Huili 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work, a conservative phase‐field lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is proposed for incompressible two‐phase flows. In this method, two LB models are adopted to solve the nonlocal Allen–Cahn equation (ACE) and the Navier–Stokes equations, respectively. Unlike the previous models for the nonlocal ACE with a space‐time‐dependent Lagrange multiplier, a simple multiple‐relaxation time LB model is designed for the conservative and nonlocal ACE with a curvature‐dependent Lagrange multiplier, which can eliminate the problem of inherent coarsening process. Through the Chapman–Enskog analysis, the present LB model can correctly recover the ACE, and the macroscopic order parameter used to label different phases can be calculated explicitly. Finally, the present LBM is validated by two tests, that is, the horizontal translation of two circular interfaces and a bubble rising under gravity, and the results show that the present LBM has a superior performance in capturing the large topological changes and small features of interfaces.
In vivo imaging of the phagocytic dynamics underlying efficient clearance of adult‐born hippocampal granule cells by ramified microglia
Authors: Kamei Ryosuke , Okabe Shigeo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe phagocytosis of dead cells by microglia is essential in brain development and homeostasis. However, the mechanism underlying the efficient removal of cell corpses by ramified microglia remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the phagocytosis of dead cells by ramified microglia in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, where adult neurogenesis and homeostatic cell clearance occur. Two‐color imaging of microglia and apoptotic newborn neurons revealed two important characteristics. Firstly, frequent environmental surveillance and rapid engulfment reduced the time required for dead cell clearance. The motile microglial processes frequently contacted and enwrapped apoptotic neurons at the protrusion tips and completely digested them within 3–6 h of the initial contact. Secondly, while a single microglial process engaged in phagocytosis, the remaining processes continued environmental surveillance and initiated the removal of other dead cells. The simultaneous removal of multiple dead cells increases the clearance capacity of a single microglial cell. These two characteristics of ramified microglia contributed to their phagocytic speed and capacity, respectively. Consistently, the cell clearance rate was estimated to be 8–20 dead cells/microglia/day, supporting the efficiency of removing apoptotic newborn neurons. We concluded that ramified microglia specialize in utilizing individual motile processes to detect stochastic cell death events and execute parallel phagocytoses.
Influence of precipitation event magnitude on baseflow and coastal nitrate export for Prince Edward Island, Canada
Authors: Pavlovskii Igor , Jiang Yefang , Danielescu Serban , Kurylyk Barret L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe export of anthropogenic nitrate to coastal waters, which depends on the interplay between many factors such as land use and meteorological forcing, is a rising concern in many regions of the world. The present study investigates the effect of precipitation event magnitude on baseflow and associated groundwater‐driven nitrate export in Prince Edward Island, Canada. Twenty‐year time‐series of precipitation, stream flow, and groundwater levels across the island were analysed to establish a three‐way relationship between precipitation, groundwater level rise, and baseflow increase along a hydrological response pathway in this island setting. The analysis was performed by extracting hydrological responses for groundwater level and baseflow for a selected subset of relatively isolated precipitation events. The results reveal a non‐linear relationship between precipitation event magnitude and baseflow change that is also observed for precipitation events associated with hurricanes and post tropical storms. A time‐series of streamflow nitrate concentrations during Hurricane Dorian's passage (September 2019) was used to evaluate the relevance of these findings for nitrate export. The data show that baseflow increases after a heavy precipitation event have limited impact on streamflow concentrations, but result in substantial and sustained increase of nitrate export (calculated by multiplying concentration by flow). These observations are consistent with a recharge‐induced water table rise leading to increased hydraulic gradients that drive discharge of shallow nitrate‐containing groundwater. Due to the similarity of the processes governing groundwater flow to the sea and to streams, the results can be used to gain insights into the impacts of precipitation event magnitude on direct groundwater discharge to coastal waters. On Prince Edward Island, this applies to at least the 13% of the island's surface area that is closer to the ocean than to any stream and likely feeds submarine groundwater discharge pathways.
Maternal mortality is preventable in Lebanon: A case series of maternal deaths to identify lessons learned using the “Three Delays” model
Authors: Rebeiz Marie‐Claire , El‐Kak Faysal , van den Akker Thomas , Hamadeh Randa , McCall Stephen J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the lessons learned from women who died during pregnancy or childbirth in Lebanon between 2018 and 2020.MethodThis is a case series and synthesis of maternal deaths between 2018 and 2020 that were reported by healthcare facilities to the Ministry of Public Health in Lebanon. The notes recorded from the maternal mortality review reports were analyzed using the “Three Delays” model to identify preventable causes and lessons learned.ResultsA total of 49 women died before, during, or after childbirth, with hemorrhage being the most frequent cause (n = 16). The possible factors that would have prevented maternal deaths included a prompt recognition of clinical severity, availability of blood for transfusion and magnesium sulfate for eclampsia, adequate transfer to tertiary care hospitals comprising specialist care, and involvement of skilled medical staff in obstetric emergencies.ConclusionMany maternal deaths in Lebanon are preventable. Better risk assessment, use of an obstetric warning system, access to adequately skilled human resources and medications, and improved communication and transfer mechanisms between private and tertiary care hospitals may avoid future maternal deaths.
The over‐regulation of pharmacist services: Why over‐the‐counter naloxone should spark conversation about a “standard of care” regulatory approach
Authors: Adams Alex J. , Frost Tim P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn March 2023, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the first naloxone nasal spray to be available over‐the‐counter without a prescription. Naloxone nasal spray will become much more accessible nationwide, and a lot of current state regulations will become obsolete. Current state naloxone regulations for pharmacists are poorly calibrated to the medication's safety profile and may impede access to this critical opioid overdose reversal agent. State policymakers should reflect on the unnecessary regulations that were imposed on pharmacist prescribing of naloxone and consider moving to a “standard of care approach” to better enable pharmacists to engage in future public health initiatives.
The signaling effect of supplier's customer network instability on service price: Insights from the container shipping charter market
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Nowinska Agnieszka , Schramm Hans‐Joachim 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn a service exchange setting, the supply management literature generally assumes, with notable exceptions, the availability of complete information regarding supplier reliability. Highlighting the information asymmetry in supplier evaluation and using signaling theory, we argue that for a focal buyer, a supplier's downstream ego‐network instability, that is, other buyers' turnover in a supplier's network from one period to the next, acts as a signal of supplier unreliability, thereby reducing the price that the buyer pays to the supplier in a service exchange. Furthermore, we suggest that focal buyer–supplier relationship strength and structural equivalence weaken the negative effect of instability because the buyer has a more direct and positive experience with the supplier. Using a dataset of 3263 unique dyads formed by 260 buyers (shipoperators) and 493 suppliers (shipowners) during the 2000–2018 period in the container shipping charter market, we find support for our hypotheses, except for the contingent effect of structural equivalence. Our study contributes to signaling literature and network research by developing a supplier's downstream ego‐network instability as a salient heuristic for a focal buyer's pricing decisions. These findings equip buyer managers who may not accurately foresee supplier service quality in the charter market with a new supplier evaluation tool: a supplier's downstream ego‐network instability.
Determination of stem cell pluripotency in spent cultivation media by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Hagedorn Jeppe , Halloin Caroline , Skibsted Erik , Poulsen Lars , Hedegaard Martin A. B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo achieve successful cultivation of pluripotent stem cells using suspension (3D) culture methods, it is essential to maintain the pluripotent state while stimulating the proliferation of the cells. Currently, the methods available to rapidly assess the pluripotency during expansion are limited. Most rely on time‐consumingpost hoc‐analyses, which are prone to operator‐variation, to assess this critical attribute. In this study we propose the use of Raman spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis as a process analytical tool to classify the pluripotency by using the spent cultivation medium as samples. Using Support Vector Machines (SVM), a classification accuracy of 94% is achieved on a validation set of various media samples. This study indicates that there may be increased possibilities for monitoring and control in large‐scale expansion of stem cells by Raman spectroscopy.
Effects of Plasticizing on Mechanical and Viscous Characteristics of Poly(vinyl alcohol): A Comparative Study between Glycerol and Diethanolamine
Authors: Yao Yihang , Zhang Zhenjie , Wang Ke , Fu Qiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlthough plasticizing materials by modification with small‐molecular chemicals has been extensively utilized in the industrial community, processing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) at high concentrations (CPVA) or with a high degree of polymerization (DP) remains challenging. Optimization the plasticizing conditions is one means of addressing this issue. In this study, two types of frequently used plasticizers, glycerol (GLY) and diethanolamine (DEA), are chosen to plasticize PVA resin with a DP of 2400. Both PVA/plasticizer films possess excellent optical transmittance and mechanical ductility, whereas the films blended with DEA exhibit higher strength than the PVA/GLY films. The viscosity variation in the temperature (Top)–CPVA space is monitored by real‐time viscous flow testing, demonstrating that DEA is more effective for reducing the viscosity of PVA, which should improve the processability, facilitating film‐forming from concentrated solutions. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations illustrate that the PVA/DEA system has a lower binding energy, longer hydrogen bond length, and higher isotropic diffusion coefficient, indicating a stable hydrogen bond network and homogenous dispersion of the plasticizer, leading to good solution fluidity and mechanical performance. This study is significant for guiding the design and manufacture of optically transparent, high‐performance PVA films as polarizer precursor.
Projections in Lipschitz‐free spaces induced by group actions
Authors: Cúth Marek , Doucha Michal 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe show that given a compact group G acting continuously on a metric space by bi‐Lipschitz bijections with uniformly bounded norms, the Lipschitz‐free space over the space of orbits (endowed with Hausdorff distance) is complemented in the Lipschitz‐free space over . We also investigate the more general case when G is amenable, locally compact or SIN and its action has bounded orbits. Then, we get that the space of Lipschitz functions is complemented in . Moreover, if the Lipschitz‐free space over , , is complemented in its bidual, several sufficient conditions on when is complemented in are given. Some applications are discussed. The paper contains preliminaries on projections induced by actions of amenable groups on general Banach spaces.
High Temperature Self‐Regenerative Granular Hydrogels for Fracture Treatments During Subsurface Energy Recovery
Authors: Wang Lizhu , Jiang Guancheng , Long Yifu , Sun Zhe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe uses of granular hydrogels to assemble macroscopic bulk hydrogels display numerous distinct advantages. However, prior assembly of bulk hydrogels is accomplished by interparticle linking strategy, which compromised mechanical property and thermal stability under hostile conditions. To expand their applications as engineering soft materials, self‐regenerative granular hydrogels via a seamless integrating approach to regenerate bulk hydrogels is highly desirable. Herein, covalent regenerative granular hydrogels (CRHs) are prepared at low‐temperature synthetic conditions and re‐construct bulk seamless hydrogels at high‐temperature aqueous environments. The re‐formed bulk hydrogels display rubber‐like viscoelastic behaviors over a wide range of temperatures from 90 to 150 °C, where the covalent re‐crosslinking reactions homogeneously occurr along the periphery and in the matrix of granular hydrogels, accounting for the increased structural integrity at high temperatures. The bulk hydrogel shows increased elasticity and long‐term thermal integrity at 150 °C for more than six months in the confined fractures. Moreover, regenerative granular CRH‐based bulk hydrogels significantly improve mechanical robustness under destructive pressure. Thus, high temperature water induced regenerative granular hydrogels present the paradigm to treat engineering scenarios such as large fractures for hydraulic fracturing, drilling operation, and disproportionate permeability reduction under extremely hostile conditions during subsurface energy recovery.