bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large language models and the future of rheumatology: assessing impact and emerging opportunities
Authors: Mannstadt Insa , Mehta Bella 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of review
Large language models (LLMs) have grown rapidly in size and capabilities as more training data and compute power has become available. Since the release of ChatGPT in late 2022, there has been growing interest and exploration around potential applications of LLM technology. Numerous examples and pilot studies demonstrating the capabilities of these tools have emerged across several domains. For rheumatology professionals and patients, LLMs have the potential to transform current practices in medicine.

Recent findings
Recent studies have begun exploring capabilities of LLMs that can assist rheumatologists in clinical practice, research, and medical education, though applications are still emerging. In clinical settings, LLMs have shown promise in assist healthcare professionals enabling more personalized medicine or generating routine documentation like notes and letters. Challenges remain around integrating LLMs into clinical workflows, accuracy of the LLMs and ensuring patient data confidentiality. In research, early experiments demonstrate LLMs can offer analysis of datasets, with quality control as a critical piece. Lastly, LLMs could supplement medical education by providing personalized learning experiences and integration into established curriculums.

Summary
As these powerful tools continue evolving at a rapid pace, rheumatology professionals should stay informed on how they may impact the field.
Gallbladder angiodysplasia: a literature review
Authors: Rehman Shafi , Salehi Mahsa , Lorraine Co Edzel , Rehman Bushra , Saeidi Saeid G. 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
Angiodysplasia is a vascular lesion responsible for 6% of lower gastrointestinal bleeding cases. It is generally located in the cecum and ascending colon in elderly patients. Angiodysplasia of the gallbladder is a rare condition. The main objective of this literature review was to summarize the demographics, clinical signs and symptoms, gross findings, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, treatment, and follow-up of patients with gallbladder angiodysplasia.

Methods and materials:
The authors searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using relevant keywords. The search was performed in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, using appropriate keywords. The case reports included were those dealing exclusively with human subjects, were published in the English language, and had free, full-text, public access. Data was extracted and case reports were evaluated.

Results:
Of the 1097 studies initially identified, 3 (0.27%) were analyzed. There were two females (66.6%) and one male (33.3%). The mean age of presentation was 47.6 years. The most common presenting complaint was colicky right upper abdominal pain in two cases (66.6%). Elective cholecystectomy was performed in only two cases (66.6%). In one case (33.3%), petechiae were diffusely present in the gastric mucosa and patchy in the gallbladder, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and ascending colon on autopsy. Histopathological findings were consistent with gallbladder angiodysplasia in all three cases (100%). On immunohistochemistry CD-34, CD-31, and D2-40 were positive in only one case.

Conclusions:
Despite conflicting data, histological and immunohistochemical analyses play major roles in the diagnosis of gallbladder angiodysplasia. Nonetheless, further clinical studies are required to provide universal guidelines for the treatment and diagnosis of angiodysplasia of the gallbladder.
Update on Dry Eye Disease Treatment: Evidence From Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Ucakhan Omur O. , Celik-Buyuktepe Tuna , Yang Lin , Wogu Brian , Asbell Penny A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Although the ultimate goal of dry eye disease (DED) management is to restore the ocular surface and tear film homeostasis and address any accompanying symptoms, addressing this is not an easy task. Despite the wide range of current treatment modalities targeting multiple aspects of DED, the available DED management literature is quite heterogeneous, rendering evaluation or comparison of treatment outcomes hard or almost impossible. There is still a shortage of well-designed, large-scale, nonsponsored, randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating long-term safety and efficacy of many targeted therapies individually or used in combination, in the treatment of identified subgroups of patients with DED. This review focuses on the treatment modalities in DED management and aims to reveal the current evidence available as deduced from the outcomes of RCTs.
Effect of 3% Diquafosol Sodium on Dry Eye After Femtosecond Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis and Small Incision Lenticule Extraction Surgery in High-Myopic Eyes
Authors: Gao Dengxin , Lv Xiaotong , Zhang Fengju , Song Yanzheng , Xu Yushan 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the effect of 3% diquafosol sodium eye drop on dry eye after femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in high-myopic eyes.

Methods:
Eighty-one cases with high myopia (162 eyes) who received FS-LASIK or SMILE were divided into four groups by surgical design and tear film stability: D-FS-LASIK (5s <breakup time [BUT] <10s) and D-SMILE (5s <BUT <10s) were treated with 3% diquafosol sodium and 0.3% sodium hyaluronate eye drops, C-FS-LASIK and C-SMILE (BUT ≥10s) treated with 0.3% sodium hyaluronate. Follow-up points were performed preoperatively and at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. Schirmer I test, BUT, fluorescein staining, and objective optical quality were measured, and questionnaires were acquired.

Results:
The D-SMILE group showed increase in BUT postoperatively (1m: P=0.006, 3m: P=0.004), whereas C-FS-LASIK (1m: P=0.012) and C-SMILE (1m: P=0.036) groups showed decrease in BUT. Higher ΔBUT were observed in D-FS-LASIK (1m: P=0.027) and D-SMILE (1m: P=0.001, 3m: P=0.012) postoperatively. The D-FS-LASIK group showed less decrease than C-FS-LASIK group in Schirmer I. The D-SMILE group showed increase in Schirmer I, whereas C-SMILE showed decrease in 3 months. ΔOSDI was lower in D-SMILE group than in C-SMILE group (1m: P=0.026, 3m: P=0.035). Fatigue was severer in D-SMILE group than in C-SMILE group preoperatively (P=0.019), although there was no significant difference postoperatively. Objective scattering index (1m: P=0.002, 3m: P=0.021) and tear film objective scattering index (1m: P=0.005, 3m: P=0.010) were lower in D-FS-LASIK group than in C-FS-LASIK group postoperatively. The D-FS-LASIK group showed better VA20% (P=0.036) and VA9% (P=0.027) than the C-FS-LASIK group 1 month postoperatively.

Conclusions:
3% Diquafosol sodium eye drop was effective for SMILE and FS-LASIK–related dry eye in high-myopic eyes. It is necessary to focus on perioperative anti–dry eye management and especially pay attention to the eyes with risk factors, including unstable tear film, high myopia, and FS-LASIK surgery.
Chlamydia psittaci–Induced Reactive Infectious Mucocutaneous Eruption With Ocular Involvement
Authors: Gholap Radhika S. , Engelmann Alexander R. , Munir Wuqaas M. 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
This report highlights a postinfectious mucocutaneous inflammatory response involving the ocular surface and adnexa after Chlamydophila psittaci exposure.

Case Description:
A 35-year-old man presented after a prodrome of upper respiratory symptoms with rash and mucocutaneous blistering involving the ocular and oral mucosa, causing pseudomembranous conjunctivitis and corneal epithelial defects. Extensive inflammatory and infectious workup suggested recent C. psittaci infection. The patient was treated with doxycycline and supportive therapy, whereas the ocular surface was treated with lubrication and prophylactic antibiotics. In follow-up, he has retained excellent visual acuity but required scleral contact lenses to control ocular surface symptoms because of fibrotic changes of the marginal conjunctiva.

Discussion:
Such blistering inflammation has most commonly been described after pediatric respiratory infections because of Mycoplasma pneumoniae with additional instances related to Chlamydia pneumoniae, Epstein–Barr virus, influenza B, and other stimuli. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of C. psittaci–induced reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption (RIME). RIME is a rare parainfectious inflammatory condition with sequelae frequently involving the periocular mucosa. Although systemic and nonocular adverse outcomes in this condition tend to be self-limited, the impact on the ocular surface may be severe, and the consequences to vision may be ongoing, especially if not treated aggressively at the outset.
Transplant Candidate Outcomes After Declining a DCD Liver in the United States
Authors: Ishaque Tanveen , Eagleson Mackenzie A. , Bowring Mary G. , Motter Jennifer D. , Yu Sile , Luo Xun , Kernodle Amber B. , Gentry Sommer , Garonzik-Wang Jacqueline M. , King Elizabeth A. , Segev Dorry L. , Massie Allan B. 
Published: September 2023

Background.
In the context of the organ shortage, donation after cardiac death (DCD) provides an opportunity to expand the donor pool. Although deceased-donor liver transplantation from DCD donors has expanded, DCD livers continue to be discarded at elevated rates; the use of DCD livers from older donors, or donors with comorbidities, is controversial.

Methods.
Using US registry data from 2009 to 2020, we identified 1564 candidates on whose behalf a DCD liver offer was accepted (“acceptors”) and 16 981 candidates on whose behalf the same DCD offers were declined (“decliners”). We characterized outcomes of decliners using a competing risk framework and estimated the survival benefit (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]) of accepting DCD livers using Cox regression.

Results.
Within 10 y of DCD offer decline, 50.9% of candidates died or were removed from the waitlist before transplantation with any type of allograft. DCD acceptors had lower mortality compared with decliners at 10 y postoffer (35.4% versus 48.9%, P < 0.001). After adjustment for candidate covariates, DCD offer acceptance was associated with a 46% reduction in mortality (0.54 [0.49–0.61]). Acceptors of older (age ≥50), obese (body mass index ≥30), hypertensive, nonlocal, diabetic, and increased risk DCD livers had 44% (0.56 [0.42–0.73]), 40% (0.60 [0.49–0.74]), 48% (0.52 [0.41–0.66]), 46% (0.54 [0.45–0.65]), 32% (0.68 [0.43–1.05]), and 45% (0.55 [0.42–0.72]) lower mortality risk compared with DCD decliners, respectively.

Conclusions.
DCD offer acceptance is associated with considerable long-term survival benefits for liver transplant candidates, even with older DCD donors or donors with comorbidities. Increased recovery and utilization of DCD livers should be encouraged.
Using Regression Equations to Enhance Interpretation of Histology Lesions of Kidney Transplant Rejection
Authors: Sikosana Majid L.N. , Reeve Jeff , Madill-Thomsen Katelynn S. , Halloran Philip F. ,   the INTERCOMEX Investigators
Published: September 2023

Background.
The Banff system for histologic diagnosis of rejection in kidney transplant biopsies uses guidelines to assess designated features—lesions, donor-specific antibody (DSA), and C4d staining. We explored whether using regression equations to interpret the features as well as current guidelines could establish the relative importance of each feature and improve histologic interpretation.

Methods.
We developed logistic regression equations using the designated features to predict antibody-mediated rejection (AMR/mixed) and T-cell–mediated rejection (TCMR/mixed) in 1679 indication biopsies from the INTERCOMEX study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01299168). Equations were trained on molecular diagnoses independent of the designated features.

Results.
In regression and random forests, the important features predicting molecular rejection were as follows: for AMR, ptc and g, followed by cg; for TCMR, t > i. V-lesions were relatively unimportant. C4d and DSA were also relatively unimportant for predicting AMR: by AUC, the model excluding them (0.853) was nearly as good as the model including them (0.860). Including time posttransplant slightly but significantly improved all models. By AUC, regression predicted molecular AMR and TCMR better than Banff histologic diagnoses. More importantly, in biopsies called “no rejection” by Banff guidelines, regression equations based on histology features identified histologic and molecular rejection-related changes in some biopsies and improved survival predictions. Thus, regression can screen for missed rejection.

Conclusions.
Using lesion-based regression equations in addition to Banff histology guidelines defines the relative important of histology features for identifying rejection, allows screening for potential missed diagnoses, and permits early estimates of AMR when C4d and DSA are not available.
UNOS Decisions Impact Data Integrity of the OPTN Data Registry
Authors: Tsapepas Demetra S. , King Kristen , Husain Syed Ali , Yu Miko E. , Hippen Benjamin E. , Schold Jesse D. , Mohan Sumit 
Published: September 2023

Background.
The Organ Procurement Transplant Network (OPTN)/United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) registry is an important national registry in the field of solid organ transplantation. Data collected are mission critical, given its role in organ allocation prioritization, program performance monitoring by both the OPTN and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and countless observational analyses that helped to move the field forward. Despite the multifaceted importance of the OPTN/UNOS database, there are clear indications that investments in the database to ensure the quality and reliability of the data have been lacking.

Methods.
This analysis outlines 2 examples: (1) primary diagnosis for patients who are receiving a second transplant and (2) reporting peripheral vascular disease in kidney transplantation to illustrate the extensive challenges facing the veracity and integrity of the OPTN/UNOS database today.

Results.
Despite guidance that repeat kidney transplant patients should be coded as “retransplant/graft failure” rather than their native kidney disease, only 59% of new incident patients are coded in this manner. Peripheral vascular disease prevalence more than doubled in a 20-y span when the variable became associated with risk adjustment.

Conclusions.
This article summarizes critical gaps in the OPTN/UNOS database, and we bring forward ideas and proposals for consideration as a path toward improvement.
Congenital heart defects in Down syndrome are caused by increased dosage of DYRK1A
Authors: Lana-Elola Eva , Aoidi Rifdat , Llorian Miriam , Gibbins Dorota , Buechsenschuetz Callan , Bussi Claudio , Flynn Helen , Gilmore Tegan , Watson-Scales Sheona , Hansen Marie Haugsten , Hayward Darryl , Song Ok-Ryul , Brault Véronique , Herault Yann , Deau Emmanuel , Meijer Laurent , Snijders Ambrosius P. , Gutierrez Maximiliano , Fisher Elizabeth M. C. , Tybulewicz Victor L. J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDown syndrome (DS), trisomy 21, is a gene dosage disorder which results in multiple phenotypes including congenital heart defects (CHD). This clinically important pathology is caused by a third copy of one or more of the ∼230 genes on human chromosome 21 (Hsa21), but the identity of the causative dosage-sensitive genes is unknown and hence pathological mechanisms remain obscure. We show that embryonic hearts from human fetuses with DS and mouse models of DS have reduced expression of mitochondrial respiration and cell proliferation genes correlating with CHD. Using systematic genetic mapping, we determine that three copies of theDyrk1agene, encoding a serine/threonine protein kinase, are required to cause CHD. ReducingDyrk1acopy number from three to two reverses defects in proliferation and mitochondrial respiration in embryonic cardiomyocytes and rescues septation defects in DS hearts. Furthermore, treatment of pregnant mice with a DYRK1A inhibitor developed for clinical use partially reduces the incidence of CHD among Dp1Tyb embryos. Thus, increased dosage of DYRK1A is required to impair mitochondrial function and cause CHD in DS, revealing a therapeutic target for this common human condition.One Sentence SummaryIncreased dosage of DYRK1A causes mitochondrial dysfunction and congenital heart defects in Down syndrome and is ameliorated in utero by a drug.
Striatal dopamine depletion drives disease progression and network topology aberrations specifically by impairing left M1 network
Authors: Chen Zhichun , Li Guanglu , Zhou Liche , Zhang Lina , Liu Jun 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundStratal dopamine depletion contributes to both motor and non-motor symptoms of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The objective of current study is to explore whether stratal dopamine depletion shapes clinical heterogeneity by impairing brain networks of PD patients.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, PD participants undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging from Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database were investigated. According to the levels of striatal binding ratio (SBR) in bilateral striatum, PD patients were classified into lower quartile group (SBR level rank: 0%∼25%), interquartile group (SBR level rank: 26%∼75%), and upper quartile group (SBR level rank: 76%∼100%) based on their SBR level quartiles to examine how stratal dopamine depletion affects clinical manifestations and brain networks.FindingsPD patients in the lower quartile group showed more severe motor and non-motor symptoms compared to upper quartile group. Additionally, topological metrics in both structural and functional network were significantly different between upper quartile group and lower quartile group. Furthermore, the functional network of left primary motor cortex (M1) was specifically impaired in lower quartile group, which resulted in topological disruptions in functional network. Importantly, impaired left M1 network in PD patients mediated the effects of striatal dopamine depletion on both motor and non-motor symptoms.InterpretationStriatal dopamine depletion specifically impaired left M1 network, which contributed to aberrant functional network topology and dopamine-dependent motor and non-motor symptoms.FundingNational Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81873778, 82071415) and National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai (Grant No. NRCTM(SH)-2021-03).
Single-step genome engineering in the bee gut symbiontSnodgrassella alvi
Authors: Lariviere Patrick J. , Ashraf A. H. M. Zuberi , Leonard Sean P. , Miller Laurel G. , Moran Nancy A. , Barrick Jeffrey E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHoney bees are economically relevant pollinators experiencing population declines due to a number of threats. As in humans, the health of bees is influenced by their microbiome. The bacteriumSnodgrassella alviis a key member of the bee gut microbiome and has a role in excluding pathogens. Despite this importance, there are not currently any easy-to-use methods for modifying theS. alvichromosome to study its genetics. To solve this problem, we developed a one-step procedure that uses electroporation and homologous recombination, which we term SnODIFY (Snodgrassella-specificOne-step geneDeletion orInsertion to alterFunctionalitY). We used SnODIFY to create seven single-gene knockout mutants and recovered mutants for all constructs tested. Nearly all transformants had the designed genome modifications, indicating that SnODIFY is highly accurate. Mutant phenotypes were validated through knockout of Type 4 pilus genes, which led to reduced biofilm formation. We also used SnODIFY to insert heterologous sequences into the genome by integrating fluorescent protein-coding genes. Finally, we confirmed that genome modification is dependent onS. alvi’s endogenous RecA protein. Because it does not require expression of exogenous recombination machinery, SnODIFY is a straightforward, accurate, and lightweight method for genome editing inS. alvi. This workflow can be used to study the functions ofS. alvigenes and to engineer this symbiont for applications including protection of honey bee health.
Polluted psyche: the effect of regional discrimination on tourists’ unethical behavior intention
Authors: Li Yaoqi , Tu Jinghua , He Mang , Liu Pei 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
This study aims to examine the effect of regional discrimination on tourists’ unethical behavior intention and the mediating role of tourist anger. Furthermore, the study examines whether the impact of regional discrimination on tourist anger is moderated by tourist self-efficacy.

Design/methodology/approach
Three scenario experiments were conducted to test the research hypotheses.

Findings
The results indicated an indirect effect of regional discrimination on tourists’ unethical behavior intention via tourist anger. In addition, the findings showed that tourist self-efficacy would weaken the relationship between regional discrimination and tourist anger.

Research limitations/implications
This study reveals tourists’ emotional and behavioral reactions to regional discrimination. Further research can examine the influence of regional discrimination from other theoretical lens and field experiments are encouraged.

Originality/value
This study enriches current knowledge on regional discrimination by developing an integral framework to explore tourists’ reactions toward regional discrimination.
You are lying! How misinformation accusations spread on Twitter
Authors: Galande Ashish S. , Mathmann Frank , Ariza-Rojas Cesar , Torgler Benno , Garbas Janina 
Published: September 2023

PurposeMisinformation is notoriously difficult to combat. Although social media firms have focused on combating the publication of misinformation, misinformation accusations, an important by-product of the spread of misinformation, have been neglected. The authors offer insights into factors contributing to the spread of misinformation accusations on social media platforms.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a corpus of 234,556 tweets about the 2020 US presidential election (Study 1) and 99,032 tweets about the 2022 US midterm elections (Study 2) to show how the sharing of misinformation accusations is explained by locomotion orientation.FindingsThe study findings indicate that the sharing of misinformation accusations is explained by writers' lower locomotion orientation, which is amplified among liberal tweet writers.Research limitations/implicationsPractitioners and policymakers can use the study findings to track and reduce the spread of misinformation accusations by developing algorithms to analyze the language of posts. A limitation of this research is that it focuses on political misinformation accusations. Future research in different contexts, such as vaccines, would be pertinent.Practical implicationsThe authors show how social media firms can identify messages containing misinformation accusations with the potential to become viral by considering the tweet writer's locomotion language and geographical data.Social implicationsEarly identification of messages containing misinformation accusations can help to improve the quality of the political conversation and electoral decision-making.Originality/valueStrategies used by social media platforms to identify misinformation lack scale and perform poorly, making it important for social media platforms to manage misinformation accusations in an effort to retain trust. The authors identify linguistic and geographical factors that drive misinformation accusation retweets.