bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The concept of coup d’état under stifling stress: Legal theory’s political-science–based response
Authors: Barrios-Suvelza Franz Xavier 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The resignation of the Bolivian President Morales in November 2019 has sparked an international polemic over whether a coup d’état took place. This article concludes that the assumption of a coup d’état would be misleading. The problems faced by the Bolivian case stem not only from the lax manner in which scholars have gathered facts, but also from the fact that the concept of coup may have reached its limits. Building on a legal approach, this article proposes a new conceptual strategy that overcomes both the under-theorization of the (partial) legal order variable used to define a coup and the underrating of this variable. Introducing this variable as the target during an anomalous seizure of executive power means moving from a threefold to a fourfold conceptual scheme of definition (victim, perpetrator, tactic, and target). A coup must not only be illegal but must also break the partial legal order. As a result, the notion of regime restoration is proposed for cases in which the partial legal order underlying the regime has already been broken by the overthrown ruler well prior to the day of their anomalous exit.
On the rate of convergence of a numerical scheme for Fractional conservation laws with noise
Authors: Koley Ujjwal , Vallet Guy 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We consider a semidiscrete finite volume scheme for a degenerate fractional conservation law driven by a cylindrical Wiener process. Making use of the bounded variation (BV) estimates, and a clever adaptation of classical Kružkov theory, we provide estimates on the rate of convergence for approximate solutions to degenerate fractional problems. The main difficulty stems from the degenerate fractional operator and requires a significant departure from the existing strategy to establish Kato’s type of inequality. Indeed, recasting the mathematical framework recently developed in Bhauryal et al. (2021, J. Differential Equations, 284, 433–521), we establish such Kato’s type of inequality for a finite volume scheme. Finally, as an application of this theory, we demonstrate numerical convergence rates.
Antimicrobial consumption and drug utilization patterns among COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients
Authors: Antunes Bianca B P , Silva Amanda A B , Nunes Patricia H C , Martin-Loeches Ignacio , Kurtz Pedro , Hamacher Silvio , Bozza Fernando A 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo understand differences in antimicrobial use between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. To compare two metrics commonly used for antimicrobial use: Defined Daily Dose (DDD) and Days of Therapy (DOT). To analyse the order in which antimicrobials were prescribed to COVID-19 patients using process mining techniques.MethodsWe analysed data regarding all ICU admissions from 1 January 2018 to 14 September 2020, in 17 Brazilian hospitals. Our main outcome was the antimicrobial use estimated by the DDD and DOT (Days of Therapy). We compared clinical characteristics and antimicrobial consumption between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. We used process mining to evaluate the order in which the antimicrobial schemes were prescribed to each COVID-19 patient.ResultsWe analysed 68 405 patients admitted before the pandemic, 12 319 non-COVID-19 patients and 3240 COVID-19 patients. Comparing those admitted during the pandemic, the COVID-19 patients required advanced respiratory support more often (42% versus 12%). They also had longer ICU length of stay (6 versus 3 days), higher ICU mortality (18% versus 5.4%) and greater use of antimicrobials (70% versus 39%). Most of the COVID-19 treatments started with penicillins with ß-lactamase inhibitors (30%), third-generation cephalosporins (22%), or macrolides in combination with penicillins (19%).ConclusionsAntimicrobial prescription increased in Brazilian ICUs during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially during the first months of the epidemic. We identified greater use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials by COVID-19 patients. Overall, the DDD metric overestimated antimicrobial use compared with the DOT metric.
Comprehensive analysis of germline drivers in endometrial cancer
Authors: Gordhandas Sushmita , Rios-Doria Eric , Cadoo Karen A , Catchings Amanda , Maio Anna , Kemel Yelena , Sheehan Margaret , Ranganathan Megha , Green Dina , Aryamvally Anjali , Arnold Angela G , Salo-Mullen Erin , Manning-Geist Beryl , Sia Tiffany , Selenica Pier , Da Cruz Paula Arnaud , Vanderbilt Chad , Misyura Maksym , Leitao Mario M , Mueller Jennifer J , Makker Vicky , Rubinstein Maria , Friedman Claire F , Zhou Qin , Iasonos Alexia , Latham Alicia , Carlo Maria I , Murciano-Goroff Yonina R , Will Marie , Walsh Michael F , Issa Bhaloo Shirin , Ellenson Lora H , Ceyhan-Birsoy Ozge , Berger Michael F , Robson Mark E , Abu-Rustum Nadeem , Aghajanian Carol , Offit Kenneth , Stadler Zsofia , Weigelt Britta , Mandelker Diana L , Liu Ying L 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to determine the prevalence of germline pathogenic variants (gPVs) in unselected patients with endometrial cancer (EC), define biallelic gPVs within tumors, and describe their associations with clinicopathologic features.MethodsGermline assessment of at least 76 cancer predisposition genes was performed in patients with EC undergoing clinical tumor-normal Memorial Sloan Kettering–Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets (MSK-IMPACT) sequencing from January 1, 2015, to June 30, 2021. In patients with gPVs, biallelic alterations in ECs were identified through analysis of loss of heterozygosity and somatic PVs. Clinicopathologic variables were compared using nonparametric tests.ResultsOf 1625 patients with EC, 216 (13%) had gPVs, and 15 patients had 2 gPVs. There were 231 gPVs in 35 genes (75 [32%] high penetrance; 39 [17%] moderate penetrance; and 117 [51%] low, recessive, or uncertain penetrance). Compared with those without gPVs, patients with gPVs were younger (P = .002), more often White (P = .009), and less obese (P = .025) and had differences in distribution of tumor histology (P = .017) and molecular subtype (P &lt; .001). Among 231 gPVs, 74 (32%) exhibited biallelic inactivation within tumors. For high-penetrance gPVs, 63% (47 of 75) of ECs had biallelic alterations, primarily affecting mismatch repair (MMR) and homologous recombination related genes, including BRCA1,BRCA2, RAD51D, and PALB2. Biallelic inactivation varied across molecular subtypes with highest rates in microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or copy-number (CN)–high subtypes (3 of 12 [25%] POLE, 30 of 77 [39%] MSI-H, 27 of 60 [45%] CN-high, 9 of 57 [16%] CN-low; P &lt; .001).ConclusionsOf unselected patients with EC, 13% had gPVs, with 63% of gPVs in high-penetrance genes (MMR and homologous recombination) exhibiting biallelic inactivation, potentially driving cancer development. This supports germline assessment in EC given implications for treatment and cancer prevention.
Mucinous cystadenoma of the pancreas associated with pancreatic pseudocyst
Authors: Horiuchi Atsushi , Akehi Shun , Abe Yousuke , Ichikawa Nanako , Kawaharada Sakura , Kitazawa Sohei , Kitazawa Riko 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Mucinous cystadenoma of the pancreas is considered as a premalignant lesion, and resection is recommended. The majority of pancreatic cystic lesions are pancreatic pseudocysts, so differentiation between mucinous cystadenoma and pseudocyst is frequently required. We report a rare case of mucinous cystadenoma of the pancreas coexisting with pseudocyst. A 43-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain. Imaging examinations showed a large cystic lesion in the tail of the pancreas, and distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy were performed. Pathological examination revealed that the majority of the cystic wall comprised thick collagen fibrous connective tissue, while part of the cystic wall represented a single layer of columnar, mucin-producing epithelium without atypia. Those findings suggested mucinous cystadenoma with an inflammatory pseudocyst. The mixture of mucinous cystadenoma and pseudocyst within the same cystic lesion appears to be very rare. Complete resection of the cystic lesion seems to allow an excellent prognosis.
Kwashiorkor after gastric bypass
Authors: Howell Raelina S , Shah Shrey , Khan Saila , Brathwaite Collin E M , Petrone Patrizio , Levine Jun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Gastric bypass has grown in popularity in recent years due to its high efficacy in achieving long-term weight loss in patients with morbid obesity. Gastric bypass has been described to further exacerbate baseline nutritional deficiencies due to reduced gastric capacity and malabsorption. In rare cases, when protein deficiency is severe, Kwashiorkor disease may arise. The incidence of Kwashiorkor specifically following gastric bypass is rare, with an incidence of 4.7%. We report a case of a female patient who underwent a gastric bypass and subsequently developed Kwashiorkor. Physicians’ suspicion of index for Kwashiorkor should be high for patients presenting with signs or symptoms of severe malnutrition following weight-loss procedures.
The bacco simulation project: bacco hybrid Lagrangian bias expansion model in redshift space
Authors: Pellejero Ibañez Marcos , Angulo Raul E , Zennaro Matteo , Stücker Jens , Contreras Sergio , Aricò Giovanni , Maion Francisco 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
We present an emulator that accurately predicts the power spectrum of galaxies in redshift space as a function of cosmological parameters. Our emulator is based on a second-order Lagrangian bias expansion that is displaced to Eulerian space using cosmological N-body simulations. Redshift space distortions are then imprinted using the non-linear velocity field of simulated particles and haloes. We build the emulator using a forward neural network trained with the simulations of the BACCO project, which covers an eight-dimensional parameter space including massive neutrinos and dynamical dark energy. We show that our emulator provides unbiased cosmological constraints from the monopole, quadrupole, and hexadecapole of a mock galaxy catalogue that mimics the BOSS-CMASS sample down to non-linear scales ($k\sim 0.6{h\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}}$). This work opens up the possibility of robustly extracting cosmological information from small scales using observations of the large-scale structure of the universe.
Anti-CRISPR AcrIIC5 is a dsDNA mimic that inhibits type II-C Cas9 effectors by blocking PAM recognition
Authors: Sun Wei , Zhao Xiaolong , Wang Jinlong , Yang Xiaoqi , Cheng Zhi , Liu Shuo , Wang Jiuyu , Sheng Gang , Wang Yanli 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAnti-CRISPR proteins are encoded by phages to inhibit the CRISPR-Cas systems of the hosts. AcrIIC5 inhibits several naturally high-fidelity type II-C Cas9 enzymes, including orthologs from Neisseria meningitidis (Nme1Cas9) and Simonsiella muelleri (SmuCas9). Here, we solve the structure of AcrIIC5 in complex with Nme1Cas9 and sgRNA. We show that AcrIIC5 adopts a novel fold to mimic the size and charge distribution of double-stranded DNA, and uses its negatively charged grooves to bind and occlude the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) binding site in the target DNA cleft of Cas9. AcrIIC5 is positioned into the crevice between the WED and PI domains of Cas9, and one end of the anti-CRISPR interacts with the phosphate lock loop and a linker between the RuvC and BH domains. We employ biochemical and mutational analyses to build a model for AcrIIC5’s mechanism of action, and identify residues on both the anti-CRISPR and Cas9 that are important for their interaction and inhibition. Together, the structure and mechanism of AcrIIC5 reveal convergent evolution among disparate anti-CRISPR proteins that use a DNA-mimic strategy to inhibit diverse CRISPR-Cas surveillance complexes, and provide new insights into a tool for potent inhibition of type II-C Cas9 orthologs.
Promoting sustainable investment through financial architecture reform
Authors: Triggs Adam 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The global financial architecture is struggling to facilitate the sustainable investment needed to address climate change. Some argue that if the Basel III global capital rules treated environmentally friendly assets as being safer forms of capital, banks would be incentivized to hold more of these assets on their balance sheets and extend more green debt, promoting sustainable investment. This paper explores the possible impacts of this reform by combining firm-level environmental, social, and governance (ESG) data with a global general equilibrium model. It finds that the reform would result in a significant reallocation of capital, goods, and services across sectors and economies. It finds that while the reform could significantly increase investment, the investment is not necessarily sustainable and not all countries benefit from cooperation. The paper identifies a range of challenges that need to be overcome for these results to hold, including the reliability of ESG data, inconsistencies in taxonomies and methodologies, and further analysis confirming whether green firms are indeed safer borrowers. The paper argues that the G20 is well placed to address these challenges and outlines an agenda to achieve it.
Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays for Rapid Detection of Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex and Phylotype I in Solanaceous Crops
Authors: Robène Isabelle , Maillot-Lebon Véronique , Pecrix Yann , Ravelomanantsoa Santatra , Massé Delphine , Jouen Emmanuel , Rasoamanana Hasina , Fenelon Babbitha , Javegny Stéphanie , Seguin Marc , Lebon Sylvain , Poussier Stéphane , Pruvost Olivier 
Published: February 2023

The Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) causes bacterial wilt diseases, which affect a wide range of plant hosts, including Solanaceae, and is of major economic importance. Point-of-care (POC) techniques such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) enable the rapid and sensitive detection of plant pathogens and can be deployed directly in the field. For fast and reliable diagnosis on site, we optimized an RSSC-LAMP assay and developed a real-time LAMP assay targeting the phylotype I. Both LAMPs were highly specific, yielding negative results for a wide collection of nontarget strains and positive results for all target strains, except for two particular mulberry strains for the phylotype I assay. These results were supported by an extensive in silico analysis performed on 6,105 genomes of Burkholderiaceae. The two LAMP assays displayed high sensitivity on pure suspensions, with a detection limit at 103 and 104 CFU/ml for phylotype I and the RSSC, respectively. These thresholds correspond to theoretical quantities of as low as 5 and 50 CFU per reaction. Two simplified extraction methods were successfully used to detect the pathogen from different Solanaceae samples. We demonstrated that LAMP assays were operable on solanaceous crops during field surveys and varietal evaluation trials as rapid POC diagnostics tools, which can improve the disease management and control of the RSSC. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
A new view on old problems in paediatric anaesthesia: premedication, postoperative agitation and dosing
Authors: Jöhr Martin 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
The aim of this review is to discuss recent developments in paediatric anaesthesia, which have evolved in an undulating fashion.

Recent findings
The role and efficacy of pharmacological premedication is reevaluated. The anxiolytic and sedative properties of midazolam and α2-agonists have now been defined more precisely. Both classes of drugs have their unique profile, and there is no reason to condemn one or the other. Midazolam is an excellent anxiolytic, whereas dexmedetomidine is superior in the postoperative period and for sedation during diagnostic imaging.
A total intravenous technique with propofol is often considered to be the standard for the prevention of emergence agitation; but alternatives do exist, such as a co-medication with dexmedetomidine or opioids. In clinical reality, a multimodal approach may often be advisable.
The theoretical basis for propofol dosing has recently been adapted. In contrast to previous beliefs, the context-sensitive half-life of propofol seems to be quite short beyond the first year of life.

Summary
Midazolam and dexmedetomidine are not interchangeable; each compound has its pros and cons. As an anxiolytic drug, midazolam indisputably deserves its place, whereas dexmedetomidine is a better sedative and particularly beneficial in the postoperative period. New data will allow more precise age-adapted dosing of propofol.
The role of supraglottic airway devices in obstetric anaesthesia
Authors: Metodiev Yavor , Mushambi Mary 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
To discuss the role of supraglottic airway devices as rescue and primary airway devices in pregnant patients.

Recent findings
General anaesthesia in pregnant patients is associated with increased incidence of difficult and failed intubation, especially when performed for caesarean deliveries. The Difficult Airway Society and the Obstetric Anaesthetists’ Association guidelines for the management of failed intubation recommend the use of second-generation supraglottic airway devices as a rescue airway strategy when failed intubation occurs. This practice is now widely accepted and embedded in routine teaching and clinical practice. On the other hand, there is little but growing evidence describing the use of supraglottic airway devices as the primary airway device and an alternative to endotracheal intubation for patients undergoing elective and emergency caesarean deliveries under general anaesthesia. Most of the published research supporting this practice was done on carefully selected patients who were nonobese and who did not have gastroesophageal reflux or anticipated difficult airway. Despite demonstrating high insertion success rates and low complication rates, these studies were underpowered and have thus far, failed to provide robust data on the true risk of aspiration in this setting.

Summary
Based on current scientific data, the evidence for the safe use of supraglottic airway devices as primary airway devices during general anaesthesia for caesarean deliveries is not compelling. However, their use as rescue airway devices remains a well established strategy supported by international guidelines.
Beyond mortality: definitions and benchmarks of outcome standards in paediatric anaesthesiology
Authors: Olbrecht Vanessa A. , Engelhardt Thomas , Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
The aim of this study was to review the evolution of safety and outcomes in paediatric anaesthesia, identify gaps in quality and how these gaps may influence outcomes, and to propose a plan to address these challenges through the creation of universal outcome standards and a paediatric anaesthesia designation programme.

Recent findings
Tremendous advancements in the quality and safety of paediatric anaesthesia care have occurred since the 1950 s, resulting in a near absence of documented mortality in children undergoing general anaesthesia. However, the majority of data we have on paediatric anaesthesia outcomes come from specialized academic institutions, whereas most children are being anaesthetized outside of free-standing children's hospitals.

Summary
Although the literature supports dramatic improvements in patient safety during anaesthesia, there are still gaps, particularly in where a child receives anaesthesia care and in quality outcomes beyond mortality. Our goal is to increase equity in care, create standardized outcome measures in paediatric anaesthesia and build a verification system to ensure that these targets are accomplished. The time has come to benchmark paediatric anaesthesia care and increase quality received by all children with universal measures that go beyond simply mortality.
Clinical Presentations and Treatment of Phenibut Toxicity and Withdrawal: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Weleff Jeremy , Kovacevich Alexsandra , Burson Jesse , Nero Neil , Anand Akhil 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesThis systematic review aimed to identify published articles that evaluated all phenibut toxicity and withdrawal cases to understand better their clinical presentations and treatments.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted using Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), and Cochrane Library databases to capture all published cases on the presentations and management of phenibut toxicity or withdrawal.ResultsSixty-two cases from 36 studies on presentation and management of phenibut toxicity or phenibut withdrawal were identified. Of all subjects, 80.7% were male. The average age was 30.9 years (SD, 13.2 years; range, 0–71 years). A total of 86.8% reported obtaining phenibut online, and 63.2% reported concomitant substance use with other addictive agents; benzodiazepines and alcohol were the most combined drugs. The average length of hospital stay was 5.0 days (n = 25; SD, 5.4 days; range, 1–25 days) for phenibut toxicity and 7.7 days (n = 20; SD, 7.8 days; range, 0–30 days) for phenibut withdrawals. The most common symptoms reported during phenibut toxicity were altered mental status, somnolence, psychosis, and movement disorders. Of the phenibut toxicity cases, 48.7% required intubation. Benzodiazepines and antipsychotics were most used to treat phenibut toxicity. For phenibut withdrawal cases, 95.7% reported daily use. The most common symptoms reported during phenibut withdrawals were anxiety, irritability or agitation, insomnia, and psychosis. Sixteen (69.6%) of phenibut withdrawal cases required multiple medications for treatment. Benzodiazepines, baclofen, atypical antipsychotics, gabapentanoids, and barbiturates were commonly used to treat phenibut withdrawals.ConclusionsThe seriousness of presentations, combined with the assortments of medications used for both syndromes, reflects the potential dangers of phenibut use and the need for systematized treatment protocols.
Human Atypical Monkeypox: Early Warning for Global Outbreak?
Authors: Wang Hui-Fang , Zhang Yang , Zhang Ji-Yuan , Wang Fu-Sheng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Monkeypox is usually considered as a zoonosis caused by monkeypox virus with potential threat to public health in the post–smallpox era. The recent outbreak of monkeypox began in May 7, 2022, and has been found in many countries out of Africa. The World Health Organization declared that this endemic is an “atypical” phenomenon with definite human-to-human transmission. To understand the situation more clearly, this review briefly summarizes the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of the disease and highlights the clinical management and preventive strategies.