bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of adolescents with functional respiratory disorders and prior history of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Bode Sebastian Felix Nepomuk , Schwender Anja , Toth Monika , Kaeppler-Schorn Christine , Siebeneich Ute , Freihorst Joachim , Janda Ales , Fabricius Dorit 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused significant pulmonary morbidity and mortality in the adult population. Children and adolescents typically show milder symptoms; however, a relevant proportion of them report persistent pulmonary symptoms even after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. Functional respiratory disorders may be relevant differential diagnoses of persistent dyspnea. This study aims at characterizing functional respiratory disorders that may arise after SARS-CoV-2 infection regarding their clinical presentation and pulmonary function tests as well as gaining insights into the clinical course after initiation of appropriate therapy.MethodsThis study retrospectively identified all patients referred to an outpatient clinic for pediatric pulmonology with functional respiratory disorders manifesting after proven SARS-CoV-2 infection between January 1, 2022, and October 31, 2022. Clinical history, thorough clinical examination regarding breathing patterns, and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were taken into consideration to diagnose functional respiratory disorders.ResultsTwenty-five patients (44% female) with mean (m) age = 12.73 years (SD ± 1.86) who showed distinctive features of functional respiratory disorders after SARS-CoV-2 infection (onset atm = 4.15 (± 4.24) weeks after infection) were identified. Eleven patients showed thoracic dominant breathing with insufficient ventilation, and 4 patients mainly had symptoms of inducible laryngeal obstruction. The rest (n = 10) showed overlap of these two etiologies. Most patients had a flattened inspiratory curve on spirometry and slightly elevated residual volume on body plethysmography, but values of PFTs were normal before and after standardized treadmill exercise testing. Patients were educated about the benign nature of the condition and were offered rebreathing training. All patients with follow-up (n = 5) showed normalization of the breathing pattern within 3 months.ConclusionsFunctional respiratory disorders are important differential diagnoses in persisting post-SARS-CoV-2 dyspnea in adolescents. A combination of clinical history, detailed examination of breathing patterns, and pulmonary function tests are helpful to correctly diagnose these conditions. Reassurance and rebreathing training are the mainstay of the therapy. The clinical course is favorable.
Death in Prison: increasing transparency on next of kin notification and disposition of remains
Authors: Iwai Yoshiko , Behne Michael Forrest , Brinkley-Rubinstein Lauren 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Policies for next-of-kin (NOK) notification and disposition of remains surrounding death are unclear across the United States’ (US) carceral systems. The goal of this study was to collect data on carceral system policies pertaining to NOK notification and disposition of remains for individuals who are incarcerated. We collected publicly available operational policies for the Federal Bureau of Prisons, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, 50 state prison systems, and the Washington D.C. jail for a total of 53 systems.

Results
Approximately 70% of systems had available policies on NOK notification and disposition of remains. Few systems had information on time constraints for NOK notification, notifying parties or designated contacts person, and ultimate disposition of unclaimed remains. Several systems had no accessible policies.

Conclusions
Across the US, carceral systems vary in policies for notifying NOK after the death of an incarcerated individual and their processes for the disposition of remains. Carceral and health systems should work towards standardization of policies on communication and disposition of remains after death of an individual who is incarcerated to work towards equity.
StudiCare procrastination - Randomized controlled non-inferiority trial of a persuasive design-optimized internet- and mobile-based intervention with digital coach targeting procrastination in college students
Authors: Mutter Agnes , Küchler A.-M. , Idrees A. R. , Kählke F. , Terhorst Y. , Baumeister H. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Academic procrastination is widespread among college students. Procrastination is strongly negatively correlated with psychological well-being, thus early interventions are needed. Internet- and mobile-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) could provide a low-threshold treatment option. Human guidance seems to be a decisive mechanism of change in iCBT. Persuasive design optimization of iCBT and guidance by a digital coach might represent a resource-saving alternative. The study evaluated the non-inferiority of a digital coach in comparison to human guidance with regard to the primary outcome procrastination.

Methods
The iCBT StudiCare procrastination was optimized by principles of the Persuasive System Design (PSD). A total of 233 college students were randomly assigned to either StudiCare procrastination guided by a digital coach (intervention group, IG) or by a human eCoach (control group, CG). All participants were assessed at baseline, 4-, 8- and 12-weeks post-randomization. Symptom change and between-group differences were assessed with latent growth curve models and supported by effect size levels. The non-inferiority margin was set at Cohen’s d = − 0.3.

Results
The primary outcome procrastination measured by the Irrational Procrastination scale (IPS) significantly decreased across groups (γ = − 0.79, p < .001, Cohen’s d = -0.43 to -0.89) from baseline to 12-weeks post-randomization. There were no significant differences between groups (γ = -0.03, p = .84, Cohen’s d = -0.03 to 0.08). Regarding symptoms of depression, no significant time x group effect was found (γ = 0.26, p = .09; Cohen’s d = -0.15 to 0.21). There was also no significant time x group effect on the improvement of symptoms of anxiety (γ = 0.25, p = .09). However, Cohen’s ds were above the non-inferiority margin 8-weeks (Cohen’s d = 0.51) and 12-weeks post-randomization (Cohen’s d = 0.37), preferring the CG. Of the IG, 34% and of the CG, 36% completed 80% of the modules.

Conclusions
The PSD optimized version of StudiCare procrastination is effective in reducing procrastination. The digital coach was not inferior to human guidance. Guidance by a digital coach in iCBT against procrastination for college students could be a resource-saving alternative to human guidance.

Trial registration
The trial was registered at the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform via the German Clinical Trial Register (ID: DRKS00025209, 30/04/2021).
APOE-ε4 and BIN1 increase risk of Alzheimer’s disease pathology but not specifically of Lewy body pathology
Authors: Talyansky Seth , Le Guen Yann , Kasireddy Nandita , Belloy Michael E. , Greicius Michael D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLewy body (LB) pathology commonly occurs in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. However, it remains unclear which genetic risk factors underlie AD pathology, LB pathology, or AD-LB co-pathology. Notably, whether APOE-ε4 affects risk of LB pathology independently from AD pathology is controversial. We adapted criteria from the literature to classify 4,985 subjects from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) and the Rush University Medical Center as AD-LB co-pathology (AD+LB+), sole AD pathology (AD+LB–), sole LB pathology (AD–LB+), or no pathology (AD–LB–). We performed a meta-analysis of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) per subpopulation (NACC/Rush) for each disease phenotype compared to the control group (AD–LB–), and compared the AD+LB+ to AD+LB– groups. APOE-ε4 was significantly associated with risk of AD+LB– and AD+LB+ compared to AD–LB–. However, APOE-ε4 was not associated with risk of AD–LB+ compared to AD–LB– or risk of AD+LB+ compared to AD+LB–. Associations at the BIN1 locus exhibited qualitatively similar results. These results suggest that APOE-ε4 is a risk factor for AD pathology, but not for LB pathology when decoupled from AD pathology. The same holds for BIN1 risk variants. These findings, in the largest AD-LB neuropathology GWAS to date, distinguish the genetic risk factors for sole and dual AD-LB pathology phenotypes. Our GWAS meta-analysis summary statistics, derived from phenotypes based on postmortem pathologic evaluation, may provide more accurate disease-specific polygenic risk scores compared to GWAS based on clinical diagnoses, which are likely confounded by undetected dual pathology and clinical misdiagnoses of dementia type.
Hypert: hypernymy-aware BERT with Hearst pattern exploitation for hypernym discovery
Authors: Yun Geonil , Lee Yongjae , Moon A-Seong , Lee Jaesung 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHypernym discovery is challenging because it aims to find suitable instances for a given hyponym from a predefined hypernym vocabulary. Existing hypernym discovery methods used supervised learning with word embedding from word2vec. However, word2vec embedding suffers from low embedding quality regarding unseen or rare noun phrases because entire noun phrases are embedded into a single vector. Recently, prompting methods have attempted to find hypernyms using pretrained language models with masked prompts. Although language models alleviate the problem of w embeddings, general-purpose language models are ineffective for capturing hypernym relationships. Considering the hypernym relationship to be a linguistic domain, we introduce , which is further pretrained using masked language modeling with Hearst pattern sentences. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt in the hypernym relationship discovery field. We also present a fine-tuning strategy for training with special input prompts for the hypernym discovery task. The proposed method outperformed the comparison methods and achieved statistically significant results in three subtasks of hypernym discovery. Additionally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the several proposed components through an in-depth analysis. The code is available at: https://github.com/Gun1Yun/Hypert.
Effect of Rhizobium mechanisms in improving tolerance to saline stress in lettuce plants
Authors: Ayuso-Calles Miguel , Flores-Félix José David , Amaro Filipa , García-Estévez Ignacio , Jiménez-Gómez Alejandro , de Pinho Paula Guedes , Escribano-Bailón M. Teresa , Rivas Raúl 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Soils affected by salinity are a recurring problem that is continually increasing due to the impact of climate change on weather conditions and ineffective agricultural management practices. The use of plant growth promoting (PGP) Bacteria can alleviate its effects. In this regard, the genus Rhizobium has demonstrated excellent PGP capabilities through various plant growth promotion mechanisms and may therefore be a promising biofortifier under saline conditions. However, little is known about the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by bacteria of this genus and their effects on plant development. Here, we aim to characterize the volatilome (the set of volatile metabolites synthesized by an organism) of Rhizobium for the first time and to further investigate the direct and VOC-mediated interaction between a strain of this genus and lettuce, a crop severely affected by salinity, both under saline and non-saline conditions.

Results
In this study, it was shown that the use of Rhizobium sp. GPTR29 was able to increase the production of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under normal and saline conditions. We analyzed the Rhizobium volatilome under non-saline (0 mM NaCl) and saline (100 mM NaCl) conditions by HS-SPME-GC‒MS and found a differential composition in response to salinity. We detected 20 different compounds, where 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, and α-pinene were the backbone of the Rhizobium volatilome. Exposure to these compounds in bicameral plates under salt stress resulted in increases in plant development of 17.1%, 16.0% and 33.1% in aerial part size, number of leaves and root length, respectively. Under greenhouse conditions and salinity, the inoculation of Rhizobium sp. GPTR29 resulted in an increase of 17.8% and 27.4% in shoot fresh and dry weight, respectively. Phenolic compounds were analyzed by HPLC–DAD-MS, revealing an increase in total flavonoid content under salinity conditions (100 mM NaCl) and apigenin derivative, luteolin 7-O-glucoside and quercetin 3-O-glucuronide individually.

Conclusions
These results provide new avenues for the study of PGP mechanisms in this bacterial genus, such as VOCs and their effects on plant growth, which play an important role in mediating plant–microorganism interactions.

Graphical abstract
Effect of different types of ethylene scavengers used in different combinations, on the post-harvest quality and phytochemicals retention of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Zakriya Muhammad , Hussain Ashiq , Mahdi Amer Ali , Yasmeen Farhat , Kausar Tusneem , Rehman Abdul , Yaqub Shazia , Fatima Pinky , Noreen Saima , Kabir Khurram , Nisar Rizwan , Gorsi Faiza Iftikhar , Fatima Haya , Korma Sameh A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Ripening of climacteric vegetable, tomato, is a complicated process that results in numerous physiological and biochemical changes, and role of ethylene in this phenomenon is very crucial. Use of different ethylene scavengers can control the post-harvest ripening and quality of tomatoes. In current study, combinations of chemicals as 2% CaCl2 and KMnO4 (T1), 1 mM salicylic acid and KMnO4 (T2), 2% CaCl2 and K2Cr2O7 (T3) and 1 mM salicylic acid and K2Cr2O7 (T4), were tested to study their effect on pH, acidity, total soluble solids (TSS), vitamin C, lycopene, phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of treated tomatoes, after 30 and 40 days of storage.

Results
Weight loss and titratable acidity were significantly reduced in treated tomatoes, even after 40 days, which were high in untreated tomatoes. Total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC) and vitamin C, were significantly lesser in untreated tomatoes after 30 and 40 days of storage, but use of ethylene scavengers caused increment in these phytochemicals during post-harvest storage, with more prominent results of T1. Highest lycopene was found in T0 (9.76 ± 0.2 mg/100 g), due to fully ripened and spoiled tomatoes, as compared to treated samples, while the lowest value was found in T1 (4.82 ± 0.20 mg/100 g). Highest antioxidant activity was detected in T1 (33.80 ± 0.52%), whereas the lowest antioxidant activity was noticed in T0 (22.00 ± 0.2%).

Conclusion
Findings revealed that during the storage period, the 50 g KMnO4 sachet + 2% CaCl2 exerted most superior effects than the other treatments, and extended the shelf-life of tomato fruits for up to 40 days, with no quality and phytochemicals deterioration. Therefore, tomatoes could be harvested at breaker stage, to optimize the ripening process during storage, through application of ethylene scavengers.

Graphical abstract
Clinical application of Al18F-NOTA-FAPI PET/CT in diagnosis and TNM staging of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, compared to 18F-FDG
Authors: Lyu Zhehao , Han Wei , Zhang Qi , Zhao Hongyue , Liu Shan , Wang Yan , He Jin , Zhao Changjiu , Tian Lin , Fu Peng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the ability of Al18F-NOTA-FAPI PET/CT to diagnose pancreatic carcinoma and tumor-associated inflammation with the comparison of 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Methods
Prospective analysis of Al18F-NOTA-FAPI PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT scans of 31 patients from 05/2021 to 05/2022 were analyzed. Al18F-NOTA-FAPI imaging was performed in patients who had Ce-CT and FDG PET/CT and the diagnosis was still unclear. Follow-up histopathology or radiographic examination confirmed the findings. Radiotracer uptake, diagnostic performance, and TNM (tumor-node-metastasis) classifications were compared.

Results
A total of 31 patients with pancreatic carcinoma (all were adenocarcinoma) underwent Al18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT, including 20 male and 11 female patients, with a mean age of 58.2 ± 8.5 years. FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging showed a higher value of SUVmax-15min/30min/60min, SUVmean-15min/30min/60min, TBR1, and TBR2 in pancreatic carcinoma than FDG (all P < 0.01). The mean level of Al18F-NOTA FAPI-04 uptake values of the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was higher than that of pancreatitis in both SUVmax-30min (P < 0.01), SUVmean-30min (P < 0.05), SUVmax-60min (P < 0.01), and SUVmean-60min (P < 0.01). The FAPI △SUVmax-1, △SUVmax-2, and △SUVmean-2 uptake values of pancreatic carcinoma were higher than tumor-associated inflammation (all P < 0.01). TNM staging of 16/31 patients changed after Al18F-NOTA FAPI-04 PET/CT examination with all upstaging changes.

Conclusion
Al18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT at 15 and 30 min also demonstrated an equivalent detection ability of pancreatic lesion to 18F-FDG PET/CT. Delayed-phase Al18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT can help differentiate pancreatic carcinoma and tumor-associated inflammation. Al18F-NOTA FAPI-04 PET/CT also performed better than FDG PET/CT in TNM staging.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2100051406. Registered 23 September 2021, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=133033
Dexamethasone suppression for 18F-FDG PET/CT to localize ACTH-secreting pituitary tumors
Authors: Kim Kyungwon , Kim Dong Kyu , Moon Ju Hyung , Kim Eui Hyun , Kim Sun Ho , Ku Cheol Ryong , Lee Eun Jig 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
18Fluorine-Fluoro-deoxy-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is widely used for diagnosing various malignant tumors and evaluating metabolic activities. Although the usefulness of 18F-FDG PET has been reported in several endocrine diseases, studies on pituitary disease are extremely limited. To evaluate whether dexamethasone (DEX) suppression can improve 18F-FDG PET for the localization of adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting adenomas in the pituitary gland in Cushing’s disease (CD).

Methods
We included 22 patients with CD who underwent PET imaging before and after DEX administration. We compared the success rates of PET before and after DEX suppression, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS). We determined the final locations of adenomas based on intraoperative multiple-staged resection and tumor tissue identification using frozen sections. Standardized uptake value (SUV) were analyzed to confirm the change of intensity of adenomas on PET.

Results
Twenty-two patients were included (age at diagnosis: 37 [13–56] years), and most were women (90.91%). Pituitary adenomas compared to normal pituitaries showed increased maximum SUV after DEX suppression but without statistical significance (1.13 versus. 1.21, z=-0.765, P = 0.444). After DEX suppression, the mean and maximum SUV of adenomas showed a positive correlation with nadir cortisol levels in high-dose DEX suppression test (Rho = 0.554, P = 0.007 and Rho = 0.503, P = 0.017, respectively). In reference sites, mean SUV of cerebellum was significantly decreased (7.65 vs. 6.40, P = 0.006*), but those of the thalamus and gray matter was increased after DEX suppression (thalamus, 8.70 vs. 11.20, P = 0.010*; gray matter, 6.25 vs. 7.95, P = 0.010*).

Conclusion
DEX suppression did not improve 18F-FDG PET/CT localization in patients with CD.
Framing protocol optimization in oncological Patlak parametric imaging with uKinetics
Authors: Ye Qing , Zeng Hao , Zhao Yizhang , Zhang Weiguang , Dong Yun , Fan Wei , Lu Yihuan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Total-body PET imaging with ultra-high sensitivity makes high-temporal-resolution framing protocols possible for the first time, which allows to capture rapid tracer dynamic changes. However, whether protocols with higher number of temporal frames can justify the efficacy with substantially added computation burden for clinical application remains unclear. We have developed a kinetic modeling software package (uKinetics) with the advantage of practical, fast, and automatic workflow for dynamic total-body studies. The aim of this work is to verify the uKinetics with PMOD and to perform framing protocol optimization for the oncological Patlak parametric imaging.

Methods
Six different protocols with 100, 61, 48, 29, 19 and 12 temporal frames were applied to analyze 60-min dynamic 18F-FDG PET scans of 10 patients, respectively. Voxel-based Patlak analysis coupled with automatically extracted image-derived input function was applied to generate parametric images. Normal tissues and lesions were segmented manually or automatically to perform correlation analysis and Bland–Altman plots. Different protocols were compared with the protocol of 100 frames as reference.

Results
Minor differences were found between uKinetics and PMOD in the Patlak parametric imaging. Compared with the protocol with 100 frames, the relative difference of the input function and quantitative kinetic parameters remained low for protocols with at least 29 frames, but increased for the protocols with 19 and 12 frames. Significant difference of lesion Ki values was found between the protocols with 100 frames and 12 frames.

Conclusion
uKinetics was proved providing equivalent oncological Patlak parametric imaging comparing to PMOD. Minor differences were found between protocols with 100 and 29 frames, which indicated that 29-frame protocol is sufficient and efficient for the oncological 18F-FDG Patlak applications, and the protocols with more frames are not needed. The protocol with 19 frames yielded acceptable results, while that with 12 frames is not recommended.