bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moving from theory to practice in occupational therapy education for planetary health: A theoretical view
Authors: Hess Ka Yan , Rihtman Tanya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThere remains a dearth of easily implemented strategies for translating environmental and sustainability policy into practice within occupational therapy education. In this context, the research‐implementation time lag is problematic because time is of the essence when seeking evidence‐based educational strategies to address planetary health challenges. The undertaking of practical experimentation to develop strategies for policy implementation and translation is challenged by the urgency of the issues faced.PurposeThis paper aims to contribute to conversations around translating awareness of planetary health to practical action for occupational therapy education by proposing a framework for practical “doing” skills, based on conceptually sound, theoretical foundations that support likely efficacy.MethodsThree skills are suggested as a means to close the theory‐practice gap while incorporating what is known about educational processes supporting the transition from novice to expert occupational therapy practitioner. The first skill proposed is a rethinking of essential forms of clinical reasoning, with the introduction of environmental and sustainable reasoning as mandatory. Founded in an adoption of “two‐eyed seeing,” the second skill emphasises bidirectional questioning for climate‐just, person‐centred care. The third skill explores interprofessional educational collaboration for environmental sustainability.ConclusionsAcknowledging the centrality of novice practitioner as part of occupational therapy learner professional identity requires appropriate strategies for learning clinical reasoning skills related to environmental sustainability, planetary health, and the potential discomfort of authentic bidirectional questioning. Implications of adopting these strategies are discussed in relation to their potential contribution to positive change for the occupational therapy profession and wider society.
Agricultural input subsidies, extension services, and farm labour productivity nexus: Evidence from maize farmers in Tanzania
Authors: Malimi Kilugala 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of agricultural input subsidies (AIS) and agricultural extension services (AES) on farm labour productivity in plots planted with maize in Tanzania, using panel data from the National Panel Survey in Tanzania. To control for the endogeneity of the two programmes, a control function and instrumental variable approach is used to estimate the effects of AIS and AES on farm labour productivity. The results show that AIS and AES are significant in raising labour productivity in maize‐planted plots. Similarly, AIS and AES are also effective in increasing land productivity in these plots. Moreover, each programme has comparable effects on land productivity and farm labour productivity. These findings imply that public investments in AIS and AES are effective in raising farm productivity.
Validation of the InnoXtract™ DNA extraction method for bone, teeth, and rootless hair
Authors: Sinha Sudhir K. , Brown Hiromi , Holt Hailey , Khan Mah‐ro , Sgueglia Joanne B. , Murphy Gina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractForensic casework samples often include human hairs, teeth, and bones. Hairs with roots are routinely processed for DNA analysis, while rootless hairs are either not tested or processed using mitochondrial DNA. Bones and teeth are submitted for human remains identifications for missing persons and mass disaster cases. DNA extraction from these low templates and degraded samples is challenging. The new InnoXtract DNA extraction method utilizes magnetic beads that are optimized to bind small DNA fragments, as small as 100 base pairs, to purify high‐yield DNA from compromised samples. This validation study evaluates InnoXtract's ability to obtain amplifiable DNA from samples such as rootless hairs and skeletal remains. Studies performed include sensitivity, stability, repeatability, reproducibility, non‐probative samples, and comparison to standard organic extractions. Sensitivity studies demonstrate average yield recoveries ranging from 53% to 100% and 73% to 85% for the InnoXtract hair and bone methods, respectively. Studies demonstrate consistent results across a range of sample types, such as insulted and un‐insulted bone and teeth, as well as hair shafts from donors of various ages, gender, race, and hair characteristics. The InnoXtract bone method outperformed organic extraction. The method was successfully automated on a MagMAX™ Express‐96, with recoveries over 70% relative to the manual version. InnoXtract has the potential as an automated high‐throughput, high‐yield bone extraction method with 6 h of total extraction time for up to 96 samples. The validation study results demonstrate that the InnoXtract kits produce high‐yield and high‐quality DNA from compromised bone, teeth, and hair shaft samples.
Vonoprazan is noninferior to proton pump inhibitors in bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Wang Juan , Li Yue Yue , Lin Min Juan , Liu Jing , Lin Bo Shen , Ding Yu Ming , Wan Meng , Zhang Wen Lin , Kong Qing Zhou , Wang Shao Tong , Mu Yi Jun , Duan Miao , Han Zhong Xue , Zuo Xiu Li , Li Yan Qing 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vonoprazan (VPZ) versus proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in clarithromycin‐based bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy (C‐BQT) for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication.MethodsMedical records of patients in whom H. pylori was eradicated between 1 July 2018 and 31 December 2021 were retrieved retrospectively from the Outpatient Unit of Qilu Hospital. Efficacy, safety, and compliance were compared between VPZ‐based and PPI‐based C‐BQT, containing vonoprazan 20 mg or proton pump inhibitors (lansoprazole 30 mg or esomeprazole 20 mg), bismuth 220 or 200 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg, and clarithromycin 500 mg, twice daily for 2 weeks by 1:1 propensity score matching analysis. The trial was registed on ClinicalTrials.gov (registration no. NCT05301725).ResultsThe H. pylori eradication rates of VPZ‐based and PPI‐based therapies were 88.8% (151/170) and 87.6% (149/170) in the intention‐to‐treat analysis, 94.1% (144/153) and 91.1% (144/158) in the per‐protocol analysis, respectively. The noninferiority of VPZ to PPI was confirmed in all analyses (P < 0.001). The incidence of adverse events was 30.0% (51/170) and 27.1% (46/170) in the VPZ‐based and PPI‐based groups, respectively. VPZ‐based and PPI‐based therapies were well tolerated and showed good patient compliance without significant differences.ConclusionsVPZ‐based therapy resulted in a satisfactory eradication rate and was well tolerated for H. pylori eradication, which are comparable to PPIs in C‐BQT as a first‐line treatment for H. pylori infection.
Parental influences on tobacco use and likelihood of future use among sexual minority young adult men and women in the United States
Authors: Romm Katelyn F. , Dopke Campbell , Price Olga A. , Pannell Alexandria , Williams River , Berg Carla J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLimited research has examined mechanisms, including parenting behaviors, contributing to tobacco use disparities among sexual minority young adults (SMYAs).MethodsParticipants were 644 young adult (ages 18–29; 36.5% racial/ethnic minority) women (N = 416; 44.7% bisexual, 7.2% lesbian, 48.1% heterosexual) and men (N = 288; 11.0% bisexual, 13.2% gay, 75.9% heterosexual). Bivariate analyses examined differences among sex‐by‐sexual identity subgroups in perceived parenting (psychological control, behavioral control, knowledge, autonomy support, warmth, communication), past 30‐day cigarette, e‐cigarette, and cigar use, and likelihood of future use. Multivariable regression examined associations of sexual identity subgroup and parenting behaviors to tobacco use outcomes among women and men.ResultsBisexual (vs. heterosexual) women reported greater parental psychological control and less autonomy support, warmth, and communication. Bisexual (vs. heterosexual) women had greater odds of past 30‐day cigarette and cigar use and greater likelihood of future cigarette and e‐cigarette use, and parenting behaviors were associated with past 30‐day cigarette (knowledge, warmth), e‐cigarette (psychological control, autonomy support, warmth), and cigar use (behavioral control, warmth) and likelihood of future cigarette (psychological control, warmth) and e‐cigarette use (autonomy support, communication). Gay (vs. heterosexual) men reported greater parental behavioral control, less knowledge, autonomy support, warmth, and communication. Sexual identity and parenting behaviors were largely not associated with tobacco use among men.Discussion and ConclusionsFindings highlight the role of parenting behaviors as potential mechanisms contributing to tobacco use disparities among SMYA women.Scientific SignificanceTobacco prevention/cessation programs should be tailored toward specific SMYA subgroups, combinations of parenting behaviors, and patterns of tobacco use.
Multi‐plant coordination in the U.S. beef packing industry
Authors: Pudenz Christopher C. , Schulz Lee L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMost U.S. beef packers with multiple plants now openly employ multi‐plant coordination. Using a Salop Circular City framework that includes negotiated and formula pricing, we demonstrate that multi‐plant coordination leads to wider spreads between downstream beef prices and upstream fed cattle prices if multi‐plant coordination markdowns outweigh multi‐plant coordination efficiencies. Taken together with market concentration, geography and transportation costs, and cattle cycles and related beef packer capacity utilization, multi‐plant coordination helps explain persistently wide farm‐to‐wholesale beef price spreads. We find that, as cattle inventories decline, a multi‐plant coordinator will permanently shut down a plant before the same plant run as a separate profit center will shut down, which is consistent with packer behavior in recent years. We also demonstrate that adding a strategically‐located packing plant, owned by an entrant firm, can narrow price spreads. This framework is important for ongoing policy discussions regarding the structure, conduct, and performance of the beef packing industry.
Exploring avoidable presentations from residential aged care facilities to the emergency department of a large regional Australian hospital
Authors: Gullick David , Islam Md Rafiqul 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe study aimed at determining the factors that contributed to older people presenting from residential aged care facilities (RACFs) to the emergency department (ED) of a regional Victorian hospital located in MM3 regional area.MethodsAppropriateness of transfer was assessed based on predefined criteria, and associated costs for each presentation were calculated.DesignThe study carried out a retrospective review of records between July and December 2021. Data were extracted in a MS Excel spreadsheet and transferred to STATA 15.0 for analysis.SettingLarge regional health service in Victoria.ParticipantsResidential aged care facilities residents presenting to the ED.Main Outcome MeasuresWas transfer appropriate or avoidable, costs associated with avoidable transfer, characteristics of the patient and circumstances relating to presentation to hospital.ResultsA total of 448 presentations were recorded, and 85% of residents were >75 years of age. More than 60% of presentations occurred during weekends or after hours, with the most common reason being falls (31.9%). Over half (55.6%) of all presentations were avoidable which incurred a cost of $777 200 in 6 months. In multiple logistic regression, higher ED presentations were observed in residents with no prior GP assessment (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.02–2.11).ConclusionsNecessary interventions such as preventing falls and increasing primary care access along with improving the quality of advance care directives (ACD) may reduce RACF transfers to the regional ED. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper of this kind that provides new data from an Australian rural and regional perspective and adds value to the growing body of knowledge in the intersection of aged care and acute emergency care.
A randomised controlled trial of the analgesia nociception index for intra‐operative remifentanil dose and pain after gynaecological laparotomy
Authors: Yoon H.‐K. , Kim Y. J. , Lee H. S. , Seo J.‐H. , Kim H.‐S. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryWe aimed to investigate the effect of the analgesia nociception index on postoperative pain. We randomly allocated 170 women scheduled for gynaecological laparotomy and analysed results from 159: in 80 women, remifentanil was infused to maintain analgesia nociception indices 50–70; and in 79 women, remifentanil was infused to maintain systolic blood pressure < 120% of baseline values. The primary outcome was the proportion of women with pain scores ≥ 5 (scale 0–10) within 40 min of admission to recovery. The proportion of women with pain scores ≥ 5 was 62/80 (78%) vs. 64/79 (81%), p = 0.73. Mean (SD) doses of fentanyl in recovery were 53.6 (26.9) μg vs. 54.8 (20.8) μg, p = 0.74. Intra‐operative remifentanil doses were 0.124 (0.050) μg.kg−1.min−1 vs. 0.129 (0.044) μg.kg−1.min−1, p = 0.55.
Lactobacillus plantarumsecretions may exert a cryoprotective effect on human sperm motility: A prospective in vitro study
Authors: Raad Georges , Fakih Fadi , Bazzi Marwa , Massaad Vinal , Nasrallah Estrellita , Yarkiner Zalihe , Mourad Youmna , Khater Danielle Abou , Balech Rita , Saliba Christine , Serdarogullari Munevver , Fakih Chadi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSemen cryopreservation is a widely used procedure for fertility preservation, despite some level of cryodamage that may occur in spermatozoa after thawing. However, there is some evidence that lactobacilli, one of the bacteria found in semen, might benefit sperm quality.ObjectivesThis study aims to determine whether the addition ofLactobacillus plantarumsecretions to sperm freezing medium has an impact on sperm motility, morphology, and DNA fragmentation.Materials and methodsThis is a prospective auto‐controlled study. It was conducted on 30 raw semen samples from 30 infertile men attending a fertility center for semen analysis. Before freezing, all the samples were analyzed for motility, morphology, and DNA fragmentation percentages. Each sample was then divided equally into three aliquots. Cryopreservation was performed on each aliquot using one of the following three media: withoutLactobacillus plantarumsecretions (control group) or with 107or 108colony‐forming units/mLLactobacillus plantarumsecretions. Sperm motility, morphology, and DNA integrity were evaluated after the cryopreservation media were added and after semen thawing.ResultsThe results of this study indicated that after thawing, no statistically significant decrease in progressive motility and non‐progressive percentages were detected in the sperm freezing medium supplemented with 108colony‐forming units/mLLactobacillus plantarumsecretions than the fresh raw semen. Moreover, multivariate linear regression model analyses showed that the progressive motility (p = 0.02), non‐progressive motility (p = 0.016), and non‐motile spermatozoa (p = 0.012) percentages were significantly decreased in the freezing medium (withoutLactobacillus plantarumsecretions) compared to the fresh raw semen.Discussion and conclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing thatLactobacillus plantarumsecretions had a cryoprotective effect on sperm motility when added to the sperm freezing medium. Furthermore,Lactobacillus plantarumsecretions were found to protect sperm DNA integrity more effectively than the freezing medium withoutLactobacillus plantarumsecretions in non‐normozoospermia group. Cryopreservation procedures must therefore be optimized to minimize any iatrogenically induced sperm DNA damage, given the correlation between sperm DNA damage and increased mutation loads in progeny.
TheABC‐Dof animal linguistics: are syntax and compositionality for real?
Authors: Schlenker Philippe , Coye Camille , Leroux Maël , Chemla Emmanuel 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTIn several animal species, an alarm call (e.g.ABCnotes in the Japanese titParus minor) can be immediately followed by a recruitment call (e.g.Dnotes) to yield a complex call that triggers a third behaviour, namely mobbing. This has been taken to be an argument for animal syntax and compositionality (i.e. the property by which the meaning of a complex expression depends on the meaning of its parts and the way they are put together). Several additional discoveries were made across species. First, in some cases, animals respond with mobbing to the orderalarm–recruitmentbut not to the orderrecruitment–alarm. Second, animals sometimes respond similarly to functionally analogous heterospecific calls they have never heard before, and/or to artificial hybrid sequences made of conspecific and heterospecific calls in the same order, thus adding an argument for the productivity of the relevant rules. We consider the details of these arguments for animal syntax and compositionality and argue that, with one important exception (Japanese titABC‐Dsequences), they currently remain ambiguous: there are reasonable alternatives on which each call is a separate utterance and is interpreted as such (‘trivial compositionality’). More generally, we propose that future studies should argue for animal syntax and compositionality by explicitly pitting the target theory against two deflationary analyses: the ‘only one expression’ hypothesis posits that there is no combination in the first place, for example just a simplexABCDcall; while the ‘separate utterances’ hypothesis posits that there are separate expressions (e.g.ABCandD), but that they form separate utterances and are neither syntactically nor semantically combined.
Understanding unusual sensory experiences: a randomised experimental study of a school‐based intervention for adolescents
Authors: Radez Jerica , Johns Louise , Waite Felicity 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundOne in ten young people experience unusual sensory experiences (USE), such as hallucinations. From a cognitive perspective, the appraisal of USE determines the impact of these experiences. Negative appraisal, as well as other psychological processes (e.g. thinking flexibility, maladaptive schemas, anxiety/depression), is associated with more distress. Our aim was to (a) develop a universal single‐session school‐based intervention on USE for adolescents and (b) evaluate the effect of the intervention on appraisals of and help seeking intentions for USE.MethodsA randomised controlled experimental design with a one‐month follow‐up was used to test the effectiveness of the intervention in one school. Students (n = 223) aged 12–13 were randomised by class to a single‐session intervention on USE or a control intervention (generic mental wellbeing). Participants completed measures of appraisals of and help‐seeking intentions for USE at pre‐ and postintervention and at one‐month follow‐up. They also completed measures of schemas, thinking flexibility and anxiety/depression at preintervention.ResultsOverall, 190 adolescents completed the main outcome measures at all three points. The intervention on USE led to a significant (p < .05) increase of positive appraisals of USE compared with the control, with effects sustained at one‐month follow‐up. The intervention on USE did not lead to significantly greater help‐seeking intentions for USE (p = .26). Adolescents' schemas were associated with appraisals and slow thinking and anxiety/depressive symptoms with help‐seeking behaviour for USE.ConclusionsA single‐session universal school‐based intervention shows promise by improving appraisals of USE. Further research is required across different school populations.
Atopic dermatitis – Perspectives and unmet medical needs
Authors: Buhl Timo , Werfel Thomas 
Published: March 2023

SummaryAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease for which many new insights have been gained in recent years through a better understanding of pathophysiology, concomitant diseases and therapeutics in particular. In this review, new and practice‐relevant results from current research are presented. Many studies have been performed on the diagnosis of AD and on different subtypes, yet no diagnostic biomarker or clinical predictor of treatment response has been established. For topical treatment, some agents such as Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are in advanced stages of clinical trials or already approved in some countries, which will be available in Europe for the treatment of certain eczema subtypes in the foreseeable future. Current systemic therapies in Europe include two antibodies for inhibition of the interleukin (IL)‐4/13 signaling cascades and three oral JAK inhibitors with somewhat different efficacy and safety profiles. Among the antibody therapies for AD already advanced in development, promising new targets include blockade of IL‐31, of neurokinin‐1 receptor on sensory neurons, and inhibition of the OX40/OX40L axis for cutaneous dendritic cell and T lymphocyte interaction. Primary prevention and modulation of sequential disease progression as well as effects on concomitant diseases by early therapeutic intervention will be important questions in future research on AD.
Children's social wariness toward a different‐race stranger relates to individual differences in temperament
Authors: Hwang Hyesung G. , Filippi Courtney A. , Morales Santiago , Fox Nathan A. , Woodward Amanda 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhen children first meet a stranger, there is great variation in how much they will approach and engage with the stranger. While individual differences in this type of behavior—called social wariness—are well‐documented in temperament research, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the social groups (such as race) of the stranger and how these characteristics might influence children's social wariness. In contrast, research on children's social bias and interracial friendships rarely examines individual differences in temperament and how temperament might influence cross‐group interactions. The current study bridges the gap across these different fields of research by examining whether the racial group of an unfamiliar peer or adult moderates the association between temperament and the social wariness that children display. Utilizing a longitudinal dataset that collected multiple measurements of children's temperament and behaviors (including parent‐reported shyness and social wariness toward unfamiliar adults and peers) across early childhood, we found that 2‐ to 7‐year‐old children with high parent‐reported shyness showed greater social wariness toward a different‐race stranger compared to a same‐race stranger, whereas children with low parent‐reported shyness did not. These results point to the importance of considering racial group membership in temperament research and the potential role that temperament might play in children's cross‐race interactions.Research Highlights
Previous research on temperament has not considered how the race of strangers could influence children's social wariness.
We find evidence that 2‐ to 7‐year‐old children with high parent‐reported shyness show greater social wariness toward a different‐race stranger compared to a same‐race stranger.
These results point to the importance of considering racial group membership in temperament research.
Our findings also suggest temperament may play a role in children's cross‐race interactions.