bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pemanfaat Adobe Photoshop dalam Dunia Design di Sekolah SMK UISU
Authors: Tambunan Heru Satria , Gunawan Indra , Sumarno Sumarno 
Published: December 2022

Sebagian orang, mempelajari ICT sudah menjadi keahlian yang lazim digunakan sehari-hari untuk membangun bisnisnya, tetapi bagi pemula yang baru ingin memulai, banyak tantangan yang harus dilalui dan pertanyaan yang belum terjawab. Singkatnya, menerangkan dan memberikan pelatihan mengenai Pemanfaatan dalam pengguanan ICT untuk Siswa-Siswi SMK UISU Kabupaten Simalungun yang diarahkan kepada para siswa-siswi untuk mempelajari pemanfaatan ICT Namun, beberapa murid ada yang kesulitan dalam menggunakan aplikasi Adobe Photoshop untuk dunia design. Pemanfaat adobe photoshop ini dimana bias membantu para murid mampu berkembang untuk meningkatkan usaha di dalam design grafis
Sarcoidosis in Johannesburg, South Africa: A retrospective study
Authors: Morar R , Feldman C 
Published: December 2022

Background. Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous condition of uncertain aetiology that most frequently affects the lungs. Because of clinical and radiological similarities with tuberculosis, particularly in high-prevalence regions, sarcoidosis is frequently misdiagnosed as TB.Objective. To review the clinical features of sarcoidosis patients in an SApopulation, adding clinical information to the relatively few studies that have been conducted in SA patients with sarcoidosis.
Methods. This was a retrospective study of 102 sarcoidosis patients conducted between 2002 and 2006 at the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital.Results. Of 102 sarcoidosis patients, there were 69 (67.6%) females and 33 (32.4%) males. The majority (85.3%) were non-smokers. The mean age of the group was 44.6 years. One-third of patients had chronic comorbid diseases. Almost 17% had been treated initially for TB, prior to being diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. Two patients developed active TB while receiving corticosteroid treatment for sarcoidosis. The salient clinical manifestations were dry cough (the most common presenting symptom in 82.4%), dyspnoea in 53.9%, cutaneous lesions other than erythema nodosum in 33.3%, and on lung examination crackles were noted in 37.3% of patients. Raised angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) levels were found in 56.8% of patients. The majority (48%) of patients had stage II chest radiographic changes. Cutaneous (28.4%), mediastinal lymph node (25.5%) and transbronchial lung (25.5%) biopsies were the most frequent sites confirming granulomatous inflammation. Overall, 21.2% of patients had obstructive airway disease. Systemic corticosteroids were indicated in 87.3% of patients and the relapse rate was 60.7%.
Conclusion. Sarcoidosis is often initially misdiagnosed as TB in SA. The most common biopsy sites for histological confirmation were the skin and mediastinal lymphnodes, and transbronchial lung biopsies were also frequently taken. Stage II chest radiographic changes were most common. Overall, systemic corticosteroids were administered in 87.3% of cases and the relapse rate was 60.7%.
Association between physical fitness and anthropometric, cardiovascular and socioeconomic risk factors in primary schoolchildren in KwaZulu‑Natal Province, South Africa
Authors: Olagbegi O M , Khosa S B , Nadasan T , Govender P 
Published: December 2022

Background. Physical fitness (PF) status in children has been identified as a predictor of chronic disease risk factors, and has also been linked to various non-communicable diseases and an increased risk of premature death in adulthood. Studies have shown that PF has been declining. In South Africa (SA), a similar trend is noted and attributed to urbanisation and shifts from traditional active practices to sedentary lifestyles.
Objectives. To examine possible associations between PF levels and socioeconomic status (SES) and anthropometric and cardiovascular risk factors among 407 primary schoolchildren aged 6 - 13 years in KwaZulu-Natal Province, SA.
Methods. In a cross-sectional study, children’s PF scores were assessed using the Eurofit test battery: sit and reach, standing long jump (SLJ), sit-ups (SUs), 5 m shuttle run (5m-SRT) and cricket ball throw (CBT). SES was assessed using a structured questionnaire. Standardised procedures were used for anthropometric and cardiovascular measures.
Results. Girls weighed significantly more than boys (p=0.001) and had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI) (p<0.001), waist circumference (WC) (p<0.001) and hip circumference (HC) (p<0.001), while boys performed significantly better in SLJ (p=0.030), SUs (p=0.022), CBT (p<0.001) and 5m-SRT (p<0.001). A significant low negative correlation was found between PF and BMI (r=–0.151; p=0.002), WC (r=–0.107; p=0.031) and HC (r=0.123; p=0.013). Multinomial logistic regression analysis identified BMI as the main predictor of low PF (odds ratio 1.16; 95% confidence interval 1.01 - 1.33) in this cohort of primary schoolchildren. The occurrence of low PF status in children of primary school age may be influenced by gender and adiposity.
Conclusion. Assessment of PF at policy levels as part of the health screening process may help create a more explicit depiction of the health status of children and assist in early identification of risk factors.
La nascita e lo sviluppo del nesso tryphé-decadenza nella storiografia ellenistica
Authors: De Martinis Livia 
Published: December 2022

In the 4th century BC Greek historiography abandons the monographic genre to propose a general interpretation of history: a possible interpretative key is that of tryphé, excessive luxury that corrupts and leads to an unstoppable decadence cities, peoples and states. The first theoretical elaboration of the tryphé-decadence nexus occurs in the historiographical work of Ephorus of Cyme and Timaeus of Tauromenium. In later Greek historiography, however, the concept of tryphé remains in most cases connected to a moral judgment, without becoming a true criterion of historical interpretation. And if in this sense it has been too often interpreted by the moderns, this is probably due to the influence on them exerted by the Roman historiography. In it the equivalent of tryphé can be considered the luxuria, understood as corrupting luxury, which since the 2nd century BC would lead to a progressive weakening of Rome and that in the historiographic production sees an insistent connection between the social ethics, precisely corrupt, and the political decadence.
Le Periochae liviane (e le altre): per la definizione di un ‘genere’
Authors: Ricchieri Tommaso 
Published: December 2022

Livy’s Periochae have always been studied to assess their dependence from Livy and their contribution to our knowledge of his lost books. This article approaches them as a self-standing text and compares them to other summaries of ancient texts which go under the same name (e.g. periochae to Terence, Homer and Lucan). It is suggested that Livy’s Periochae should be viewed not only as one of the many epitomes of Livy which spread in Late antiquity, but also as representative of a literary ‘genre’ to which other late antique summaries of major classical works belong.
Aristoteles und die Kunst des Verschweigens. Die aristotelische Darstellung von demokratischer Bürgerrechtsverleihung, Areopag und nomothesia im Licht externer Quellen
Authors: Dietze-Mager Gertrud 
Published: December 2022

The article discusses the discrepancy between Aristotle’s representation of the Athenian politeia and the information contained in external sources. First we examine his statement that the demagogues manipulate the size and structure of the citizen body by admitting persons of doubtful background in order to broaden their power base. The external sources show no such practice in Athens in the 5th nor in the 4th century: they prove that the three mass citizenship grants in Athenian history were not due to demagogic manipulation but to situations of need, and that on top citizenship criteria became increasingly strict. Next his picture of the 4th century Areopagus as an institution stripped of political and constitutional powers is critically assessed against external sources which show that Aristotle’s description does not match the facts. The article finally tries to clarify why Aristotle chose to never mention the Athenian nomothesia in his writings. It concludes that not only the way in which he presents information about the Athenian state, but also, and more importantly, his decision to exclude information from his narrative are influenced by his conservative views and seem to be guided by his wish to paint a dark picture of the contemporary Athenian politeia.
A World Trading System for the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Staiger Robert W. 
Published: December 2022

When designing a world trading system for the twenty-first century, “Keep calm and carry on” beats “Move fast and break things.”
Global trade is in trouble. Climate change, digital trade, offshoring, the rise of emerging markets led by China: Can the World Trade Organization (WTO), built for trade in the twentieth century, meet the challenges of the twenty-first? The answer is yes, Robert Staiger tells us, arguing that adapting the WTO to the changed economic environment would serve the world better than a radical reset.
Governed by the WTO, on the principles of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), global trade rules traditionally focus on “shallow integration”—with an emphasis on reducing tariffs and trade impediments at the border—rather than “deep integration,” or direct negotiations over behind-the-border measures. Staiger charts the economic environment that gave rise to the former approach, explains when and why it worked, and surveys the changing landscape for global trade. In his analysis, the terms-of-trade theory of trade agreements provides a compelling framework for understanding the success of GATT in the twentieth century. And according to this understanding, Staiger concludes, the logic of GATT's design transcends many, if not all, of the current challenges faced by the WTO.
With its penetrating view of the evolving global economic environment, A World Trading System for the Twenty-First Century shows us a global trading system in need of reform, and Staiger makes a persuasive case for using the architecture of the GATT/WTO as a basis for that reform.
The effect of conventional and sustainable agricultural management practices on carbon and water fluxes in a Mexican semi-arid region
Authors: Guillen-Cruz Gabriela , Torres-Arreola Roberto , Sanchez-Mejia Zulia , Flores-Renteria Dulce 
Published: December 2022

Background
Agriculture is essential for food security. However, conventional agriculture alters the water and carbon cycle and soil properties. We investigated the effect of conventional management (CM) and sustainable management (SM) on the carbon and water cycle in crops of nopal (Np) and wheat (Wh).

Methods
A micrometeorological eddy covariance tower was installed to measure water use through evapotranspiration (ET) and the net exchange of CO2 during the crop’s development. Gross primary productivity (GPP), water use efficiency (WUE), and soil properties were obtained.

Results
The results showed that both agricultural managements influenced the carbon flux of the ecosystem, with a lower GPP and Reco in the nopal field (1.85 and 0.99 mmol C m−2 s−1, respectively), compared to the wheat field (6.34 and 1.8 mmol C m−2 s−1, respectively). It was mainly attributed to the metabolic plant differences, phenological stages, and wheat biomass developed during the winter. On the other hand, the accumulated ET in the SM-Wh plots was lower than SM-Np. Therefore, the crops subjected to sustainable practices use water more efficiently with 1.42 and 1.03 g C m−3 H2O for nopal and wheat, respectively. In regard to soil properties, it was observed that tillage alters microbial activity affecting organic matter and carbon. It can be concluded that the differences in agricultural management for both crops altered the carbon and water cycle and soil quality. In addition, implementing good agricultural practices allows more efficient use of water by the plant, higher retention of water in the soil, and less ET.
Associations of Greenness, Parks, and Blue Space With Neurodegenerative Disease Hospitalizations Among Older US Adults
Authors: Klompmaker Jochem O. , Laden Francine , Browning Matthew H. E. M. , Dominici Francesca , Jimenez Marcia P. , Ogletree S. Scott , Rigolon Alessandro , Zanobetti Antonella , Hart Jaime E. , James Peter 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceExposure to natural environments has been associated with health outcomes related to neurological diseases. However, the few studies that have examined associations of natural environments with neurological diseases report mixed findings.ObjectiveTo evaluate associations of natural environments with hospital admissions for Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) and Parkinson disease (PD) among older adults in the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis open cohort study included fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older who lived in the contiguous US from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2016. Beneficiaries entered the cohort on January 1, 2000, or January 1 of the year after enrollment. Data from US Medicare enrollment and Medicare Provider Analysis and Review files, which contain information about individual-level covariates and all hospital admissions for Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries, were analyzed between January 2021 and September 2022.ExposuresDifferences in IQRs for zip code–level greenness (normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI]), percentage park cover, and percentage blue space cover (surface water; ≥1.0% vs &amp;lt;1.0%).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was first hospitalizations with a primary or secondary discharge diagnosis of ADRD or PD. To examine associations of exposures to natural environments with ADRD and PD hospitalization, we used Cox-equivalent Poisson models.ResultsWe included 61 662 472 and 61 673 367 Medicare beneficiaries in the ADRD and PD cohorts, respectively. For both cohorts, 55.2% of beneficiaries were women. Most beneficiaries in both cohorts were White (84.4%), were not eligible for Medicaid (87.6%), and were aged 65 to 74 years (76.6%) at study entry. We observed 7 737 609 and 1 168 940 first ADRD and PD hospitalizations, respectively. After adjustment for potential individual- and area-level confounders (eg, Medicaid eligibility and zip code–level median household income), NDVI was negatively associated with ADRD hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR], 0.95 [95% CI, 0.94-0.96], per IQR increase). We found no evidence of an association of percentage park and blue space cover with ADRD hospitalization. In contrast, NDVI (HR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.93-0.95], per IQR increase), percentage park cover (HR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.97-0.98], per IQR increase), and blue space cover (HR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.96-0.98], ≥1.0% vs &amp;lt;1.0%) were associated with a decrease in PD hospitalizations. Patterns of effect modification by demographics differed between exposures.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest that some natural environments are associated with a decreased risk of ADRD and PD hospitalization.
Best practices teaching adult English as a second language in the virtual classroom
Authors: Chung HeeJae 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLearning a language is a lifelong process and requires motivation, patience, a great deal of effort to continuously observe, reflect, and apply the acquired knowledge and skills in practice. Building on an experiential learning approach to support lifelong learning offers a wide range of ways in which instructors can create and deliver engaging English as a second language learning in the virtual learning environment. Therefore, this article presents best practices for engaging beginner and intermediate English as a second language learners when teaching in the virtual classroom. These include: (1) providing clear visual and verbal overview, (2) utilizing multi‐media teaching materials, (3) implementing collaborative quizzes, (4) promoting learning reflections, and (5) reinforcing instructor presence and feedback.
Older English learners’ challenges and accommodations that instructors can provide for learning success
Authors: Weintraub Lynne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOlder adults bring considerable experience and knowledge to the table, and many are already proficient in several languages, they just need to add English to their repertoire. The article describes different challenges that older English learners face and provides examples and ideas for accommodations that ESL instructors can provide to support older learners’ participation and success in the classroom. It also presents best practices teaching this group of learners.
Clinical Characterization of Juvenile Fibromyalgia in a Multicenter Cohort of Adolescents Enrolled in a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Lynch‐Jordan Anne M. , Connelly Mark , Guite Jessica W. , King Christopher , Goldstein‐Leever Alana , Logan Deirdre E. , Nelson Sarah , Stinson Jennifer N. , Ting Tracy V. , Wakefield Emily O. , Williams Amy E. , Williams Sara E. , Kashikar‐Zuck Susmita ,   for the Fibromyalgia Integrative Training for Teens Clinical Trial Study Group and the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Pain Workgroup Investigators
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveJuvenile fibromyalgia (JFM) is a complex chronic pain condition that remains poorly understood. The study aimed to expand the clinical characterization of JFM in a large representative sample of adolescents with JFM and identify psychological factors that predict pain interference.MethodsParticipants were 203 adolescents (ages 12–17 years) who completed baseline assessments for the multisite Fibromyalgia Integrative Training for Teens (FIT Teens) randomized control trial. Participants completed the Pain and Symptom Assessment Tool, which includes a Widespread Pain Index (WPI; 0–18 pain locations) and Symptom Severity checklist of associated somatic symptoms (SS; 0–12) based on the 2010 American College of Rheumatology criteria for fibromyalgia. Participants also completed self‐report measures of pain intensity, functional impairment, and psychological functioning.ResultsParticipants endorsed a median of 11 painful body sites (WPI score) and had a median SS score of 9. Fatigue and nonrestorative sleep were prominent features and rated as moderate to severe by 85% of participants. Additionally, neurologic, autonomic, gastroenterologic, and psychological symptoms were frequently endorsed. The WPI score was significantly correlated with pain intensity and catastrophizing, while SS scores were associated with pain intensity and all domains of physical and psychological functioning. Depressive symptoms, fatigue, and pain catastrophizing predicted severity of pain impairment.ConclusionJFM is characterized by chronic widespread pain with fatigue, nonrestorative sleep, and other somatic symptoms. However, how diffusely pain is distributed appears less important to clinical outcomes and impairment than other somatic and psychological factors, highlighting the need for a broader approach to the assessment and treatment of JFM.
Digital Twin of a Hierarchical CO2 Electrolyzer Gas Diffusion Electrode
Authors: McLaughlin David , Bierling Markus , Mayerhöfer Britta , Schmid Günter , Thiele Simon 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction of CO2 provides a pathway to a sustainable carbon cycle, allowing for the production of hydrocarbons critical for both chemical industry and mobility. Major engineering challenges need to be met in order to achieve efficient and large‐scale CO2 electrolysis. One central challenge is to find the optimum structure for the gas diffusion electrode at the heart of the electrolyzer. An optimum structure will achieve higher conversion efficiencies, lifetime, and product selectivity at lower cost. Critical structural properties of the electrode span the scale from nanometers to millimeters. To rationalize the optimization process, it behooves us to obtain a fully resolved multi‐scale model of the electrode. This digital twin, produced by bridging scale and employing multiple imaging methods, enables the digital study, simulation, and modification of the structure of the electrode. The model is used to simulate the transport processes vital to the functioning of the electrode thus further advancing the digital twin. Subsequently, it is explored how changes to the structure affect the predicted transport properties. The digital twin presented is only supposed to be the kernel and will be complemented by numerous future works.
Dual Angular Tunability of 2D Ge/ZnSe Notch Filters: Analysis, Experiments, Physics
Authors: Ko Yeong Hwan , Lee Kyu Jin , Simlan Fairooz Abdullah , Gupta Neelam , Magnusson Robert 
Published: December 2022

Abstract2D resonant gratings enable dual angular tunability by controlling the plane of incidence (POI) under linear polarization. If the POI is set to be perpendicular to the electric field vector (s‐polarization or transverse electric (TE) polarization), an excited TE mode provides spectral tuning. The orthogonally propagating transverse magnetic (TM) mode is robust in angle. Conversely, if the POI is set for p‐polarization, an excited TM mode provides the tuning. Detailed explanations of the underlying physical processes are set forth by decomposing the 2D lattice into equivalent 1D gratings using second‐order effective‐medium theory. This is shown to work extremely well even for a strongly modulated lattice with refractive‐index contrast of 3. With proper design and corresponding experiments, a widely tunable notch filter covering long‐wave infrared bands is demonstrated. Experimentally varying the incidence angle up to 16° under p‐polarization, a notch channel in TM mode tunes across a band exceeding 0.5 µm with the TE channel remaining at a constant wavelength. The interesting appearance of a resonance channel originating in diagonally propagating leaky modes is briefly examined. The analysis and experiments presented can be useful for realizing diverse 2D tunable filters while furnishing methodology for detailed understanding of the attendant near fields and mode structure.
An Organic–Inorganic Tin Halide Perovskite with Over 2000‐Hour Emission Stability
Authors: Chen Qian , Zhang Mingming , Dai Fangxu , Zhao Lili , Liu Shuyang , Zhao Huimin , Zhou Hong , Teng Lihua , Xu Weigao , Wang Lei , Xing Jun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOrganic–inorganic tin (Sn)‐based halide perovskites have attracted special attention due to their outstanding photophysical properties and eco‐friendly nature. However, the instability of Sn‐based perovskites is still a pressing issue that needs to be addressed. Here, a new lead‐free hybrid Sn(IV) bromide hybrid (4‐APEA)2SnBr6 (4‐APEA: 2‐(4‐aminophenyl)ethylammonium) is synthesized with remarkable stability. This compound has strong electron–phonon coupling, resulting in excitons self‐trapping and broadband yellow emission with a photoluminescence peak at 566 nm. The bare (4‐APEA)2SnBr6 shows impressive emission stability in the air; maintains 90% of photoluminescence quantum yield under ultraviolet light irradiation over 2000 h (T90 > 2000 h), representing the most stable halide hybrids. The excellent stability is profit from the stable valence state and few defect state densities. The findings show the promising prospect of environment‐friendly organic–inorganic halide perovskites and their usage in optoelectronic applications.