bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Household wealth, neighbourhood deprivation and frailty amongst middle-aged and older adults in England: a longitudinal analysis over 15 years (2002–2017)
Authors: Maharani Asri , Sinclair David R , Chandola Tarani , Bower Peter , Clegg Andrew , Hanratty Barbara , Nazroo James , Pendleton Neil , Tampubolon Gindo , Todd Chris , Wittenberg Raphael , O'Neill Terence W , Matthews Fiona E 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundfrailty is a condition of reduced function and health due to ageing processes and is associated with a higher risk of falls, hospitalisation, disability and mortality.Objectiveto determine the relationship between household wealth and neighbourhood deprivation with frailty status, independently of demographic factors, educational attainment and health behaviours.Designpopulation-based cohort study.Settingcommunities in England.Subjectsin total 17,438 adults aged 50+ from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.Methodsmultilevel mixed-effects ordered logistic regression was used in this study. Frailty was measured using a frailty index. We defined small geographic areas (neighbourhoods) using English Lower layer Super Output Areas. Neighbourhood deprivation was measured by the English Index of Multiple Deprivation, grouped into quintiles. Health behaviours included in this study are smoking and frequency of alcohol consumption.Resultsthe proportion of respondents who were prefrail and frail were 33.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 33.0–34.6%] and 11.7 (11.1–12.2)%, respectively. Participants in the lowest wealth quintile and living in the most deprived neighbourhood quintile had 1.3 (95% CI = 1.2–1.3) and 2.2 (95% CI = 2.1–2.4) times higher odds of being prefrail and frail, respectively, than the wealthiest participants living in the least deprived neighbourhoods Living in more deprived neighbourhood and poorer wealth was associated with an increased risk of becoming frail. Those inequalities did not change over time.Conclusionsin this population-based sample, living in a deprived area or having low wealth was associated with frailty in middle-aged and older adults. This relationship was independent of the effects of individual demographic characteristics and health behaviours.
Novel integrated three-port DC/DC converter for different operating modes between renewable energy, electrolyser and fuel cell/battery
Authors: Jiang Lilei , Qu Jianxin , Kong Lingguo , Qian Hejianuig , Liu Chuang , Cai Guowei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDue to the slow dynamic power-regulation characteristics of the electrolyser (EL), a novel integrated three-port DC/DC converter topology based on a phase-shifted full-bridge converter and dual active-bridge converter is proposed in this paper. Especially, the proposed converter can achieve a fast auxiliary response to the EL. This topology has the features of single-stage conversion, high system integration and compatibility with multiple operation modes. The operational principles and a hybrid modulation scheme of the proposed converter are analysed in detail. In addition, the power-transmission characteristics of each port and the soft-switching range are researched. On these bases, six operation modes suitable for a hydrogen energy-storage system are designed. The simulation and a 2-kW scaled-down experimental prototype are established to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed topology in different operation modes.
An infant with acute decompensated heart failure caused by afterload mismatch due to tumour-induced secondary hypertension: a case report
Authors: Yoshida Shuhei , Doi Yuji , Nodomi Seishiro , Waki Kenji 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundHypertensive crisis is a relatively rare condition among infants and usually occurs secondary to an underlying disease. If not managed promptly, it is life-threatening and can lead to irreversible damage to vital organs. While secondary hypertension due to tumours has been reported previously, acute decompensated heart failure is rare, especially in the paediatric population.Case summaryA 2-month-old female infant presented with poor feeding and poor body weight gain. She was extremely ill, and blood gas analysis showed prominent acidosis (pH 6.945). The patient was intubated and referred to our hospital for further care. Her arterial blood pressure (BP) was as high as 142/62 mmHg. Echocardiography showed decreased left ventricular function with an ejection fraction of 19.5% and a left ventricular end-diastolic diameter of 25.8 mm (Z score = 2.71). We promptly started treatment with antihypertensive drugs. She had no congenital heart disease or any lesions that may have caused an increased afterload. There was no palpable mass suggestive of the tumour; however, close examination with abdominal echo and subsequent contrast-enhanced computed tomography confirmed a left kidney mass. Blood tests suggested renin-dependent hypertension due to the tumour causing an excessive afterload. Laparoscopic left nephrectomy improved cardiac function improved as BP decreased.DiscussionBlood pressure measurement is often omitted in daily practice when examining infants because of difficulty in measurement. However, BP may be the only detectable sign in patients with secondary hypertension before decompensated heart failure, and BP should also be measured in infants.
Neighbourhood Gangs, Crime Spillovers and Teenage Motherhood
Authors: Dustmann Christian , Mertz Mikkel , Okatenko Anna 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Using an identification strategy based on random assignment of refugees to different municipalities in Denmark between 1986 and 1998, we find strong evidence that gang crime rates in the neighbourhood at assignment increase the probability of boys to commit crimes before the age of 19, and that gang crime (but not other crime) increases the likelihood of teenage motherhood for girls. Higher levels of gang crime also have detrimental and long-lasting effects, with men experiencing significantly higher levels of inactivity and women experiencing lower earnings and higher levels of welfare benefit claims at ages 19 to 28.
Identification and characterization of cotton PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS in temperature-dependent flowering
Authors: Liu Ling-yun , Jia Ming-zhu , Wang Sheng-nan , Han Shuan , Jiang Jing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) integrate light and temperature signs to control plant growth and development. However, little is known about PIFs in crop plants such as cotton. Here, we identified 68 PIF proteins and their coding genes from an allotetraploid and three diploid ancestors. Cotton PIFs contain typical ACTIVEPHYA-BINDING (APA) and ACTIVE PHYB-BINDING (APB) motifs by which they bind to phytochrome phyA and phyB, respectively, and have a BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX (bHLH) domain and a nuclear localization sequence necessary for bHLH-type transcription factors. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the promoter of each PIF gene contains multiple cis-acting elements and that the evolution of cotton genomes probably underwent loss, recombination, and tandem replication. Further observations indicated that the sensitivity of cotton PIF expression to high temperature was significantly different from that to low temperature. We found that allotetraploid Gossypium hirsutum PIF4a (GhPIF4a) was induced by high temperature. GhPIF4a promotes flowering in cotton and Arabidopsis and binds to the promoter of GhFT (G. hirsutum FLOWERING LOCUS T), and binding increased with increasing temperature. Our work identifies the evolutionary and structural characteristics and functions of PIF family members in cotton.
The DSM-5 Maladaptive Trait Model for Personality Disorders
Authors: Freilich Colin D. , Krueger Robert F. , Hobbs Kelsey A. , Hopwood Christopher J. , Zimmermann Johannes 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The classification of personality disorders (PDs) is integral to clinical science and practice and has been of interest to nosological researchers for decades. The work has revealed various shortcomings of traditional diagnostic approaches, largely stemming from the fact that personality features and psychopathological symptoms do not tend to cluster into distinct categories but rather are better understood along continuous dimensions. The Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) reflects this dimensionality, conceiving of PDs as clinically significant difficulties in personality functioning (Criterion A) as expressed in continuous, maladaptive personality traits (Criterion B). The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) is the primary tool for assessing Criterion B, and, since its initial publication in 2012, has garnered considerable empirical attention. This chapter reviews the evidence for the reliability, validity, and clinical utility of the DSM-5 Maladaptive Trait Model (Criterion B), in effect analyzing the extent to which it addresses diagnostic shortcomings. The authors aim to place the Trait Model in the broader context of clinical science by exploring its coverage of traditional PD syndromes and its relations with the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality, psychopathology more generally, and the Level of Personality Functioning Scale (Criterion A).
Intermittent Fasting Protects Against Age-Induced Rat Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia via Preservation of Prostatic Histomorphology, Modification of Oxidative Stress, and Beclin-1/P62 Pathway
Authors: Gamal El-Tahawy Nashwa Fathy , Ahmed Rifaai Rehab 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) has several beneficial effects on most age-related degenerative changes in the body. Here we aimed to investigate the impact of IF on the biochemical and morphological abnormalities associated with normal aging in rat prostate. Thirty male albino rats were used and divided into three equal groups: adult group, rats aged 3 months; aged group, rats aged 15 months; and IF-aged group, rats aged 15 months maintained on intermittent fasting. After 3 months, prostates were excised and processed for biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical study. Aging resulted in prostatic histological changes that resemble those of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level, decreased glutathione (GSH) level, reduction of autophagy, and increased proliferation. Intermittent fasting ameliorated these described age-related prostatic changes. It could be concluded that IF could prevent age-induced BPH. This occurs via its anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects, suppression of oxidative stress, and by improving autophagy via Beclin-1/P62 modulation. These mechanisms underlie the IF-mediated protection against age-related BPH. Because of IF safety and easy availability over BPH medications, it might be promising for managing BPH after further clinical studies.
Chloroplast SRP54 and FtsH protease coordinate thylakoid membrane-associated proteostasis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Lei Yang , Li Bilang , Wang Xiaomin , Wei Junyou , Wang Peiyi , Zhao Jun , Yu Fei , Qi Yafei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Thylakoid membrane protein quality control (PQC), which requires the coordination of membrane protein translocation and degradation of unassembled proteins, determines chloroplast development during de-etiolation. Despite numerous efforts, the regulation of this process in land plants is largely unknown. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of pale green Arabidopsis4 (pga4) mutants in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) with defects in chloroplast development during de-etiolation. Map-based cloning and complementation assays confirmed that PGA4 encodes the chloroplast Signal Recognition Particle 54 kDa (cpSRP54) protein. A heterogeneous Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll a/b Binding-Green Fluorescent Protein (LhcB2-GFP) fusion protein was generated as an indicative reporter for cpSRP54-mediated thylakoid translocation. LhcB2-GFP was dysfunctional and degraded to a short-form dLhcB2-GFP during de-etiolation through an N-terminal degradation initiated on thylakoid membranes. Further biochemical and genetic evidence demonstrated that the degradation of LhcB2-GFP to dLhcB2-GFP was disrupted in pga4 and yellow variegated2 (var2) mutants caused by mutations in the Filamentous Temperature-Sensitive H2 (VAR2/AtFtsH2) subunit of thylakoid FtsH. The yeast two-hybrid assay showed that the N-terminus of LhcB2-GFP interacts with the protease domain of VAR2/AtFtsH2. Moreover, the over-accumulated LhcB2-GFP in pga4 and var2 formed protein aggregates, which were insoluble in mild nonionic detergents. Genetically, cpSRP54 is a suppressor locus for the leaf variegation phenotype of var2. Together, these results demonstrate the coordination of cpSRP54 and thylakoid FtsH in maintaining thylakoid membrane PQC during the assembly of photosynthetic complexes and provide a trackable substrate and product for monitoring cpSRP54-dependent protein translocation and FtsH-dependent protein degradation.
Effects of Atorvastatin on Bile Acid Metabolism in High-fat Diet–fed ApoE−/− Mice
Authors: Li Wei , Liu Honglin , Liang Jiyi , Wang Tao , Liu Jia , Pi Xiaofeng , Zou Wenjun , Qu Liping 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Statins are considered as the cornerstone of the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, where pleiotropic effects are thought to contribute greatly in addition to the lipid-lowering effect. Bile acid metabolism has been gradually reported to be involved in the antihyperlipidemic and antiatherosclerotic effects of statins, but with inconsistent results and few studies carried out on animal models of atherosclerosis. The study aimed to examine the possible role of bile acid metabolism in the lipid-lowering and antiatherosclerotic effects of atorvastatin (ATO) in high-fat diet–fed ApoE−/− mice. The results showed that the levels of liver and faecal TC as well as ileal and faecal TBA were significantly increased in mice of the model group after 20 weeks of high-fat diet feeding compared with the control group, with significantly downregulated mRNA expression of liver LXR-α, CYP7A1, BSEP, and NTCP. ATO treatment further increased the levels of ileal and faecal TBA and faecal TC, but no obvious effect was observed on serum and liver TBA. In addition, ATO significantly reversed the mRNA levels of liver CYP7A1 and NTCP, and no obvious changes were observed in the expression of LXR-α and BSEP. Our study suggested that statins may enhance the synthesis of bile acids and facilitate the reabsorption of bile acids from the ileum via portal into the liver, possibly through the upregulation of the expression of CYP7A1 and NTCP. The results are helpful in enriching the theoretical basis for the clinical use of statins and have good translational value.
Native liver survival in bile salt export pump deficiency: results of a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pfister Eva-Doreen , Jaeger Veronika K , Karch André , Shay Denys , Schukfeh Nagoud , Ohlendorf Johanna , Junge Norman , Goldschmidt Imeke , Stalke Amelie , Keitel-Anselmino Verena , Baumann Ulrich 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Bile salt export pump (ABCB11) deficiency [Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC2)] is the most common genetic cause of PFIC and is associated with pruritus and progressive liver disease. Surgical biliary diversion or pharmacological [ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor (IBATi)] approaches can be used to block the recirculation of bile acids to the liver. There is a paucity of detailed data on the natural history and, in particular, the longitudinal evolution of bile acid levels to predict treatment response. Cross-sectional data from large international consortia suggested a maximum cutoff value of bile acids after the intervention to predict a successful outcome.

Methods:
This retrospective, single-center, cohort study included all patients with confirmed biallelic pathogenic ABCB11 genotype PFIC2 treated at our institution with ≥2 years follow-up. The outcomes of interventions and predictors of long-term health were analyzed.

Results:
Forty-eight cases were identified with PFIC2. Eighteen received partial external biliary diversion (PEBD) surgery, and 22 patients underwent liver transplantation. Two patients developed HCC and 2 died. Improved survival with native liver was closely associated with genotype, complete normalization of serum bile acids following PEBD, and alleviation of pruritus. Persistence of mild-to-moderate elevation of bile acids or a secondary rise following normalization was associated with liver disease progression and led to transplantation, suggesting that any prolonged elevation of bile acids worsens the chance of native liver survival. Higher-grade fibrosis at the time of PEBD was not associated with reduced long-term native liver survival. Patients with PFIC2 benefit from PEBD even at a stage of advanced fibrosis.

Conclusion:
Serum bile acid levels are an early predictor of treatment response and might serve as the gold standard in the evaluation of novel therapies including IBATi.
Wei Chang An pill alleviates 2,4,6-trinitro-benzenesulfonic acid-induced ulcerative colitis by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition process
Authors: Qi Yaxin , Wang Meng , Chai Lijuan , Zhang Min , Jia Sitong , Wichai Nuttapong , Wang Lin , Wang Yujing , Song Jixiang , Zhang Han , Wang Yi , Zhang Peng , Miao Lin 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
To investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of Wei Chang An pill (WCA) on ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods:
A 2,4,6-trinitro-benzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced UC model was established, and WCA was administered orally for 1 week. Body weight, colon length, disease activity index (DAI) score, and colon mucosa damage index (CMDI) score were recorded. Cytokine expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cells was evaluated to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of WCA and its active ingredients. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed to detect the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers E-cadherin and vimentin in rat UC and WCA groups, and in Caco-2 cells stimulated with conditioned medium (CM) from THP-1 cells, with or without LPS or WCA.

Results:
WCA significantly inhibited body weight loss, decreased DAI and CMDI scores, blocked colon length shortening, and improved histological damage in UC rats. Furthermore, both myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and cytokine expression in UC tissues were significantly suppressed by WCA as well. In THP-1 cells, the mRNA expression of interferon-inducible protein (IP)-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and NF-κB inhibitor α (IκBα) was significantly suppressed by WCA and its active ingredients. E-cadherin expression in UC rats and CM-stimulated Caco-2 cells was downregulated and vimentin expression was upregulated, whereas both were blocked when administered with WCA.

Conclusions:
Our data showed that WCA alleviated UC progression by inhibiting inflammation-induced EMT progression.

Graphical abstract:

http://links.lww.com/AHM/A56
Subretinal Fluid associated with Drusenoid Pigment Epithelial Detachment
Authors: Cho Han Joo , Jeon Young Joon , Yoon Wontae , Lee Jihyun , Kim Jaemin , Kim Chul Gu , Kim Jong Woo 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
To analyze the clinical characteristics of drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment (PED) with subretinal fluid (SRF) and to evaluate the impact of SRF on the long-term visual and anatomical outcomes.

Methods:
Forty-seven eyes with drusenoid PED (47 patients) who completed more than 24 months follow-up were retrospectively analyzed. Intergroup comparisons of the visual and anatomical outcomes with and without SRF were made.

Results:
The mean duration of follow-up was 32.9 ± 18.7 months. The group with drusenoid PED with SRF (14 eyes) showed significantly higher PED height (468 ± 130 µm vs. 313 ± 88 µm, P < 0.001), larger PED diameter (2328 ± 953 µm vs. 1227 ± 882 µm, P < 0.001), and larger PED volume (1.88 ± 1.73 mm3 vs. 1.12 ± 1.35 mm3, P = 0.021) than that in the group with drusenoid PED without SRF (33 eyes) at baseline. No significant intergroup difference was found regarding the best-corrected visual acuity at the final visit. In addition, the incidence of complete retinal pigment epithelial and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA; 21.4%) and the development of macular neovascularization (MNV; 7.1%) for the group with drusenoid PED with SRF showed no difference compared to those (39.4% for cRORA development and 9.1% for MNV development) with drusenoid PED without SRF.

Conclusion:
The size, height, and volume of drusenoid PED were associated with the development of SRF. The SRF in drusenoid PED did not affect the visual prognosis or the development of macular atrophy during long-term follow-up.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Teenage Homicide Incidence- A Retrospective Review of Teenage Homicides in Maryland from 2018-2021.docx
Authors: Sabet Azm Sahel , Shuster Benjamin , Jennings Breanna 
Published: March 2023

<p> </p>
<p>In March of 2020 the CDC confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the state of Maryland, after which major metropolitan areas observed an increase in violent crime, including homicide. Homicides in the United States disproportionately affect minorities, and previous research also indicates that increased economic deprivation and social disorganization correlates with increased rates of homicide. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated economic disparities and may have magnified existing disparities in homicide rates. Few studies have examined the incidence of teenage homicides throughout the United States, especially during COVID-19 pandemic. </p>
<p>We conducted a retrospective case review of homicides involving youth between the ages 13-19 from 2018 to 2021 with the aim of assessing if COVID-19 affected rates of youth homicide.</p>
<p>A total of 230 teenage homicides occurred in Maryland from 2018 to 2021 with 113 cases during the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period (2018/2019) and 117 cases during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020/2021). The majority of teenage homicide victims were African American male. More than 83% and 79% of victims were African American in 2018/2019 and 2020/2021, respectively. Victims were also predominantly male (90% in 2018/2019, and 88% in 2020/2021). Maryland has a population of approximately 6 million people and is made up of 23 counties and Baltimore City. More than 64% teenage homicides occurred in Baltimore city (N=108) and Prince George's County (N=44). While the average victim age did not vary considerably between 2018/2019 (17.8 years) and 2020/2021 (17.5 years), the percentage of cases involving victims ages 13-15 more than doubled from 5.3% of cases in 2018/2019 to 12% of cases in 2020/2021. The majority of teenage homicide cases were due to firearm injuries, but during the Covid-19 pandemic we saw a rise in violence involving sharp objects such as knives. The incidence of teenage homicide did not change considerably during the COVID-19 pandemic, although we did observe a trend toward younger males who were African American. Individuals of every stratum—be it age, race, gender, or socioeconomic status—can be involved in incidents of homicide, but those who fall within certain criteria tend to be more at risk of being involved in these violent crimes. Strategies in identifying these at-risk groups can shed light on the root cause of youth violence and aid in possible prevention tactics. </p>