bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing pre‐eclampsia prevention: Embracing low‐dose calcium in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Kokori Emmanuel , Olatunji Gbolahan , Komolafe Rosemary , Olatunji Doyin , Ogunbowale Ibukunoluwa , Samuel Owolabi , Ezenwoba Chidiogo , Ukoaka Bonaventure , Ajayi Yusuf Ismaila , Aderinto Nicholas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPre‐eclampsia remains a significant health challenge in sub‐Saharan Africa, contributing substantially to maternal and neonatal mortality rates. This paper explores the potential of low‐dose calcium supplementation as an alternative strategy to the conventional high‐dose regimen in preventing pre‐eclampsia. A consistent association between low serum calcium levels and an increased risk of pre‐eclampsia is established based on studies spanning Ghana, Nigeria, and Ethiopia. The challenges associated with implementing high‐dose calcium supplementation, including cost, logistics, limited information, and adherence issues, underscore the need for a paradigm shift. The evidence presented advocates for integrating low‐dose calcium supplementation into sub‐Saharan African prenatal care programs. The paper emphasizes the role of healthcare providers in educating women about the benefits and safety of low‐dose calcium supplements. Future research and implementation initiatives are urged to refine and tailor these approaches to the region's diverse needs, advancing the collective goal of enhancing maternal and newborn health. This exploration of creative and context‐specific solutions underscores the potential of low‐dose calcium to significantly contribute to reducing the prevalence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, particularly pre‐eclampsia, ultimately contributing to healthier and thriving communities in sub‐Saharan Africa.
Global prevalence and risk factors of obstetric violence: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hakimi Sevil , Allahqoli Leila , Alizadeh Maryam , Ozdemir Meryem , Soori Hamid , Turfan Esin Ceber , Sogukpinar Neriman , Alkatout Ibrahim 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundObstetric violence (OBV), defined as mistreatment or abuse during childbirth, is a pervasive global issue, albeit with regional differences, affecting women's physical and emotional well‐being.ObjectivesThe purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to assess the prevalence of OBV to identify risk factors associated with OBV and to make suggestions for improving maternal healthcare practices and policies.Search StrategyIn a systematic review and meta‐analysis, we searched four electronic databases for studies published over 10 years up to 31 January 2024: Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science (WOS). The search was conducted among English language papers using a carefully curated set of keywords.Selection CriteriaWe conducted a comprehensive review, including all observational reporting data on the prevalence of and risk factors associated with OBV, irrespective of geographical location. The studies included in the review were required to be published in peer‐reviewed. journals and available in the English language.Data Collection and AnalysisThe data of the studies were summarized in an Excel file (version 19) and analyzed using R (version 4.2.3). A meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate the pooled prevalence of and identify risk factors associated with OBV.Main ResultsThe global prevalence of OBV estimated based on 25 studies, calculated with a random‐effects model, was 59% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48–0.70; I2 = 99.5%). The most prevalent subdomain of OBV was non‐consented care (37%; 95% CI 0.23–0.50; I2 = 99.7%). The following factors were found to be significantly associated with OBV: the presence of a midwife as skilled personnel beside the woman during childbirth (odds ratio [OR] [95% CI] = 0.4 [0.2–0.9]), which might reduce the likelihood of OBV; middle and high levels of income (OR [95% CI] = 0.5 [0.2–0.7]), which might also reduce the likelihood of OBV; and vaginal delivery (OR [95% CI] = 2.08 [1.1–3.08]), which is liable to increase the likelihood of OBV.ConclusionThis systematic review and meta‐analysis highlights the considerable prevalence and multifaceted nature of OBV, underscoring the urgent need for interventions at multiple levels to address this pervasive issue and ensure respectful, safe, and dignified maternal healthcare for all women.
Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for severe postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean delivery: A two‐center retrospective study
Authors: Yin Wanchang , Wang Xinghe , Li Ruiman 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivesTo develop and validate a nomogram to predict severe postpartum hemorrhage following cesarean delivery.MethodsThis is a two‐center retrospective cohort study. Cesarean delivery patients from the First Affiliate Hospital of Jinan University were divided into a development cohort (n = 11 137) and an internal validation cohort (n = 4739). Cesarean delivery patients from the Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital (n = 13 775) were enrolled in the external validation cohort. The nomogram was based on independent risk factors for severe postpartum hemorrhage obtained by multivariate logistic regression. We evaluated the discrimination and calibration of the nomogram in the development and validation cohorts.ResultsThe nomogram used data including previous cesarean delivery, pre‐pregnancy weight, preterm birth, placenta previa, placenta accreta spectrum disorders, placental abruption, and mode of anesthesia. The area under the curves of the nomogram in the internal and external validation cohorts were 0.922 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.897–0.947) and 0.813 (95% CI 0.785–0.841), respectively. Consistency between the predicted and actual probabilities was observed in both validation cohorts.ConclusionsThe nomogram displayed good calibration and discrimination and can be used for screening in clinical practice to enable clinicians to intervene appropriately.
Carbon dots as smart biosensing and imaging materials delving with antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral potentials against infectious pathogens
Authors: Tripathy Debashis , Mishra Sagar Kumar , Sahu Satyabrata , Katiyar Arpit , Kumar Neeraj , Mishra Tankadhar , Dash Sribatsa Lanchhana , Joshi Maya Datt , Dixit Prasanna Kumar , Sarangi Manoj Kumar 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn the emerging era of infectious diseases, antimicrobials are widely applied against pathogenic microbes (i.e., bacteria, fungus, or virus) to avoid global mortality. Nonetheless, quite a few of the microbiome adopted genetic mutations over extended period and fostered sustainable resistance towards the existing and newer antibiotics. Carbon dots (CDs) are the carbon‐based nanomaterials, unveiled their potential as antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral agents resembled with ease of synthesis, reduced toxicity, smart functionalization, high aqueous dispersibility, and auspicious biocompatibility. This review has emphasized over the discussion corroborated with the types of CDs and their synthesis, and numerous properties of CDs tailored to their biofunctionalization. Further the article was featured with the antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, bioimaging, biosensing, and anticancer responsiveness of CDs (in vivo and in vitro mode) followed by their biocompatibility, toxicity assessments, challenges, and future prospectives.
Body Condition and Blood Biochemistry of Free‐Range Caiman latirostris in Northeast Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Gama Gabriela Mota , Passos Luiza Figueiredo , Paglia Adriano Pereira , Coutinho Marcos Eduardo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe Atlantic Forest broad‐snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) inhabits regions within one of the world's most ecologically diverse ecosystems, yet few studies have explored the relationship between body condition, blood biochemistry, and environmental factors in the wild. Our study investigated the effects of sex, ontogeny, habitat, and environmental variables on the body condition and blood biochemistry of free‐ranging caimans from the state of Alagoas, Northeast Brazil. From 2020 to 2022, we captured 75 caimans across three sites in different seasons. Results revealed sex‐specific responses to seasonal and Interannual weather changes, with females showing higher body condition in the wet season, while males peaked in the dry season. Elevated glucose, total protein, albumin, triglycerides, and fructosamine were linked to higher body condition and larger individuals, while elevated aspartate aminotransferase to low body condition. Seasonal rainfall influenced blood parameters, with the dry season associated with higher creatinine, calcium, and alanine aminotransferase levels, and the wet season with higher total protein, sodium, and potassium. Differences in glucose, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma‐glutamyl transferase across sites pointed to physiological effects of human activities. Blood biochemical values varied widely, with some exceeding reported species ranges. These findings highlight the need to interpret physiological data within the context of local habitat and environmental conditions. Conservation strategies should go beyond species presence and habitat preservation, incorporating pollution control. Our study advances understanding of Caiman latirostris ecophysiology, offering valuable insights for the conservation and management of crocodilian populations in both wild and captive environments.
Significance of Endoscopic Redness of Duodenum in Health Checkup
Authors: Nakayama Atsushi , Kato Motohiko , Sakaguchi Yoshiki , Takahashi Yu , Kodashima Shinya , Fujimoto Ai , Yamamichi Nobutake , Miki Kazumasa , Yahagi Naohisa 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimIt is important for endoscopist to diagnose the lesion redness. In this study, we focused on the redness of duodenal bulb. We objectively analyzed the changes in redness of the duodenal bulb using linked color imaging (LCI) with chromatic indicators.MethodsSeven endoscopists observed the duodenal bulb with white light imaging (WLI) and LCI, and evaluated them by visual analogue scale (VAS) for the degree of redness. The difference in VAS between WLI and LCI was defined as ΔVAS. All images were quantified by the Comission Internationale de l'Eclariage‐L*a*b* color space. Values related to color differences (ΔE*, ΔL*, Δa*, and Δb*) were calculated from the two images of WLI and LCI. Multiple regression analysis was performed for the factors with the health checkup correlated with ΔVAS and the correlation between ΔVAS and ΔE*, ΔL*, Δa*, and Δb* was also examined.ResultsThe analysis prospectively included 1144 examinees. In multiple regression analysis, it revealed that sex (β = 0.5847, p < 0.0001) and metabolic syndrome (β = 0.4138, p = 0.0012) were the factors independently influenced ΔVAS. And only Δa*, a chromatic index for changes in the degree of redness, showed a statistically and considerably positive correlation with ΔVAS (r = 0.4529, p < 0.0001).ConclusionTo evaluate the difference in the degree of redness between WLI and LCI of duodenal bulb in esophagogastroduodenoscopy may help in early detection of metabolic syndrome, which rarely has symptoms.
The ongoing impact of COVID‐19 on the clinical education of Australian medical radiation science students
Authors: Steward Adam , Lacey Stephen , Gray Amy , Parsons Christopher , Thompson Kenton , Anderson Nigel 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had a significant and ongoing impact on health care, particularly for medical radiation science (MRS) professionals. There exist many studies that describe the negative effects of clinical placement restrictions and access to universities on the well‐being of all health professional students during the pandemic. There also exists evidence of changes to MRS student teaching and impacts to students and academic clinical educators; however, there exists a paucity of research that investigates how changes have affected the performance of students within the clinical environment and entering the workforce. This study surveyed workplace MRS clinical educators within Australia to gather their perspectives regarding the impact of COVID‐19 on student clinical education.MethodsA descriptive study comprising an online structured survey of 44 questions was provided to Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy Clinical Educators across Australia.ResultsA total of 55 survey responses were received. Of note, respondents described heavy reductions to student intake capacity, losses of clinical placement time, a noted theory–practice gap and possibility of sites ‘failing to fail’ students. Negative impacts to all domains of MRPBA professional capabilities, as well as a perceived unpreparedness to meet the MRPBA capabilities were described. There was general agreement that graduating students will require supportive periods upon entry into the profession.ConclusionThis study highlights the considerable impact of changes to the education and training of MRS students in response to COVID‐19. The results pose a real concern for a generation of MRS students affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic.
The Pleistocene Witch Ground Ice Stream in the central North Sea
Authors: Reinardy Benedict T. I. , Karstens Jens , Böttner Christoph , Lichtschlag Anna , Berndt Christian , Strandberg Nichola A. , Callow Ben J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe North Sea Basin has been covered by ice sheets originating from both the British Isles and Scandinavia at multiple times during the Pleistocene. The Witch Ground Basin (WGB) in the central northern North Sea is a critical location in terms of interpreting Late Pleistocene glacial to glacimarine history of the North Sea since it was the location of the Witch Ground Ice Stream that was active on multiple occasions during the Mid to Late Pleistocene. We map five mega‐scale glacial lineation flowsets corresponding to the changing ice flow direction of the Witch Ground Ice Stream and investigate the sedimentological fingerprint and corresponding subglacial depositional processes of this palaeo‐ice stream. We show that sorted sand layers within a subglacial traction till represent periodic hydraulic jacking and ice–bed decoupling at the base of the Witch Ground Ice Stream. In contrast to previous studies that have described glacitectonites deposited below the most recent grounded ice in the WGB, we present analysis of sediment cores that recovered primarily massive diamictons without any obvious deformation structures. The most recent ice cover in the WGB (~18–16 ka) was thought to have been sourced from a localized ice cap over Orkney and Shetland. The presence of chalk clasts sourced from NW of the WGB described in this study from the stratigraphically youngest till confirms this interpretation. The transition from subglacial to glacimarine deposition, while acoustically well defined (from opaque to laminated acoustic units), appears surprisingly uniform in the recovered sediment cores, but can be differentiated based on a change in colour including mottling and banding, presence of whole intact shells, and the increased number of silt and sand lenses. 14C dating of glacimarine muds indicate high sedimentation rates of between 80 and 260 cm ka−1. The transition from glacimarine to marine deposition is represented by a comparative decrease in sedimentation rate and deposition of Holocene age sandy mud. This study demonstrates a highly dynamic Witch Ground Ice Stream in the northern North Sea during the Late Pleistocene with evolving subglacial hydrology and depositional processes at the ice stream bed that left a distinct geomorphological and sedimentological fingerprint within the WGB.
Macroscopic thermodynamic properties of ionic micellar solutions depending on physicochemical formulation for the sodium dodecyl sulfate/sodium sulfate/water/n‐heptane/1‐pentanol system
Authors: Marfisi‐Valladares Shirley , Correa Angiemar , Kluchuikon Michael , Cova‐Bonillo Alexis , Patino‐Camino Rayda , Lobo Mario , López José 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis work characterized the macroscopic thermodynamic properties of ionic micellar solutions. Formulation‐composition studies were done along one dimension by varying the salinity (S) or oil–water ratio (WOR) in mixtures of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium sulfate, water, n‐heptane, and 1‐pentanol at 25°C and 1 atm. Material balance and multiple regression models were used to get the partial, mixed, and excess molar volumes. The UNIFAC local composition model, coupled with Debye–Hückel theory, was employed to calculate activity coefficients and dimensionless Gibbs energies (partial, mixed, and excess). The equilibrium SOW systems exhibited phase transitions (WI‐WIII‐WII), with micellar solubilization increasing as salinity increased at constant WOR. Solubilization peaked at the optimal formulation, and further increases in WOR enhanced solubilization up to the formation of a single‐phase system. Deviations from ideal behavior, in the thermodynamic properties between aqueous and oil micellar solutions, were mainly due to chemical interaction of solutes () respect to solvents (). Negative values of the Gibbs energy of mixing confirmed the stability of the liquid phases and their extension to the liquid–liquid equilibrium. The response surfaces V = f(WOR, S) and GE/RT = f(WOR, S) represent the macroscopic thermodynamic behavior of micellar solutions as a function of physicochemical formulation. These results can be extended to other colloidal systems for the design of formulations with surfactants and anionic salts, oriented to the diagnosis and resolution of problems in real systems, both at laboratory and industrial level.
Prevention of inflammation and oxidative stress by new ingredients based on high (poly)phenols winery by‐products
Authors: Sánchez‐Bravo Paola , Costa‐Pérez Antonio , García‐Viguera Cristina , Domínguez‐Perles Raúl , Medina Sonia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundNew circular economy policies for producing high‐value ingredients and co‐products, rich in bioactive phytochemicals, have boosted valorising agro‐food residues, as sources of powerful functional compounds. In this context, (poly)phenols of winemaking by‐products have been associated with anti‐inflammatory and oxidative stress (OS) prevention. Nevertheless, this application needs stabilisation of such materials by fine‐tuning processing conditions, in a fashion compatible with the industrial capacities, to minimise the impact on the phytochemical profile. To fill these gaps, the present study uncovered the capacity of high (poly)phenol ingredients from winery by‐products (obtained by an oven a dehydration system), to modulate inflammatory and OS markers and mediators associated with intestinal inflammation.ResultsThe results confirmed minimal changes in the winery residues' (poly)phenolic burden. The ingredients obtained provided (poly)phenolic pools that reduced the secretion of inflammatory markers, namely nitrates/nitrites, IL‐6, IL‐8 and TNF‐α by up to 66.8%, 20.1%, 95.4% and 78.3%, respectively. Even more, they also prevented ROS increase, preserving the molecular machinery of cells against OS (glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) in a significant manner. The correlation analyses allowed identifying proanthocyanidin dimer (B‐type) digallate, galloyl hexoside, ferulic acid hexoside, cyanidin 3‐O‐p‐coumaroylglucoside, as the main anti‐inflammatory compounds; and galloyl hexoside, ferulic acid hexoside, kaempferol glucoside and cyanidin 3‐O‐p‐coumaroylglucoside, as the most powerful antioxidant molecules.ConclusionThese results support the interest in winery by‐products processed according to industrial procedures as sources of compounds with anti‐inflammatory and OS prevention traits.
Enhancing Hemocompatibility in ECMO Systems With a Fibrinolytic Interactive Coating: in Vitro Evaluation of Blood Clot Lysis Using a 3D Microfluidic Model
Authors: Witzdam Lena , Sandhu Samarth , Shin Suji , Hong Yeahwa , Kamal Shanzeh , Grottke Oliver , Cook Keith E. , Rodriguez‐Emmenegger Cesar 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBlood‐contacting medical devices, especially extracorporeal membrane oxygenators (ECMOs), are highly susceptible to surface‐induced coagulation because of their extensive surface area. This can compromise device functionality and lead to life‐threatening complications. High doses of anticoagulants, combined with anti‐thrombogenic surface coatings, are typically employed to mitigate this risk, but such treatment can lead to hemorrhagic complications. Therefore, bioactive surface coatings that mimic endothelial blood regulation are needed. However, evaluating these coatings under realistic ECMO conditions is both expensive and challenging. This study utilizes microchannel devices to simulate ECMO fluid dynamics and assess the clot‐lysis efficacy of a self‐activating fibrinolytic coating system. The system uses antifouling polymer brushes combined with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) to induce fibrinolysis at the surface. Here, tPA catalyzes the conversion of blood plasminogen into plasmin, which dissolves clots. This positive feedback loop enhances clot digestion under ECMO‐like conditions. This findings demonstrate that this coating system can significantly improve the hemocompatibility of medical device surfaces.
β‐Elemene Inhibits Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cell Proliferation and Migration, and Induces Apoptosis by Up‐Regulating miR‐486‐3p/Targeting NPTX1 Axis
Authors: Lin Yan , Guo Tailin , Che Lishuang , Dong Jieqiong , Yu Ting , Zeng Chaiming , Wu Ziyu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTβ‐elemene has a variety of anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor effects. Currently, the influence of β‐elemene on adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) malignant progression and action mechanism remains unclear. This research aims to explore the influence and action mechanism of β‐elemene on ACC progression. The impacts of β‐elemene on ACC cell viability, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis were investigated through CCK‐8 assay, clone formation assay, Transwell experiment, Wound healing assay, and flow cytometry. The miR‐486‐3p expression was analyzed utilizing RT‐qPCR. According to different databases, neuronal pentraxin 1 (NPTX1) is the predicted downstream target gene of miR‐486‐3p. Western blot and RT‐qPCR were utilized to examine NPTX1 expression. Silencing miR‐486‐3p or Overexpression NPTX1 in ACC cells further explored whether β‐elemene affects ACC cells by regulating miR‐486‐3p/NPTX1. Finally, a subcutaneous graft tumor model was constructed to investigate how β‐elemene may impact tumor growth in vivo. β‐elemene decreased the cell viability, hindered cell proliferation and migration capacity, and induced apoptosis of ACC cells. miR‐486‐3p level in ACC cells was notably reduced in comparison to normal cells, but treatment with β‐elemene markedly increased miR‐486‐3p expression. Additionally, ACC cells showed high level of NPTX1, while miR‐486‐3p targeted negative regulation of NPTX1. Overexpression miR‐486‐3p hindered the malignant progression of ACC cells, whereas overexpression NPTX1 reversed the impact of overexpression miR‐486‐3p. Silencing miR‐486‐3p or overexpression NPTX1 both attenuated the suppressive influence of β‐elemene on the malignant behavior of ACC cells. Additionally, tumor growth was suppressed and apoptosis was induced in tumor cells in vivo by β‐elemene. In conclusion, β‐elemene reduces ACC cell viability, hinders proliferation and migration, and induces apoptosis through the miR‐486‐3p/NPTX1 axis.