bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of universal umbilical cord pH analysis in Denmark. A national register‐based study
Authors: Andersson Charlotte B. , Thellesen Line , Kesmodel Ulrik S. , Petersen Jesper P. , Johnsen Søren P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionUmbilical cord blood gas analysis provides information about intrapartum hypoxia and is considered an important measure of quality in maternity care. Universal measurement of umbilical cord pH (UC‐pH), as part of umbilical cord blood gas analysis, has been recommended in Denmark since 2009. The recommendation is that UC‐pH is measured from the umbilical cord artery (pHUA) and vein (pHUV). The aim of this study was to evaluate the national implementation of universal measurement of UC‐pH.Material and methodsThe study consisted of two parts. First, an evaluation of the implementation, that is, the proportion of births with measured UC‐pH since the recommendation was introduced. Second, an evaluation of the cases in which UC‐pH was missing. This analysis only involved births with gestational age ≥35 + 0 weeks.ResultsIn the period 2009 to 2018 there were 560 889 singleton, live births with registered gestational age in Denmark. The proportion of births with measured pHUA and pHUV increased from 12.4% in 2009 to 82.8% in 2015 and then declined to 76.9% in 2018 (p < 0.001). When comparing the group with missing pH from one or both vessels to the group with both pHUA and pHUV we found lower occurrence of pregnancy and births complications in the first group, body mass index ≥35 (unadjusted RR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.85–0.93), pregnancy induced medical conditions (RR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.84–0.89), fetal distress during birth (RR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.76–0.79), emergency cesarean section (RR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.78–0.83) and serious births events (RR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.74–0.86). In contrast, the occurrence of placental insufficiency (RR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03–1.11), small for gestational age (RR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.30–1.43, for <2.3th percentile), hypothermia treatment (RR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.21–2.14) and neonatal death (RR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.40–2.74) were higher in the group without measured pHUA and pHUV.ConclusionsThe use of UC‐pH measurement has increased markedly in Denmark since universal measurement was recommended in 2009. Missing UC‐pH from one or both vessels was associated with less complicated pregnancies and with small for gestational age, hypothermia treatment and neonatal death.
Obesity increased the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 positivity in children
Authors: Zimmerman D. R. , Goldberg M. , Blaychfeld Magnazi M. , Alroy Preis S. , Endevelt R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimTo determine the effects of obesity in childhood on SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.MethodsA population‐based, cross‐sectional study combining the Israeli Growth Survey and COVID‐19 data for children with at least one SARS‐CoV‐2 test from 16 February 2020 to 20 December 2021. Overweight and obesity status were based on body mass index and the Center for Disease Control criteria. Multivariate logistics regression was performed to validate reliability for weight categories at the age of approximately 6 years compared with weights at approximately 12 years.ResultsA total of 444 868 records for children with an overall positivity rate of 22% were studied. The mean age was 9.5 years. The odds ratios of children with obesity or overweight after controlling for sex at 6 years to test positive were 1.07–1.12 and 1.06–1.08 (depending on the model), respectively, compared to those with healthy range body mass index.ConclusionExcess weight appears to increase the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. This finding should be considered for public health planning. For example, children with overweight and obesity should be prioritised for vaccination. Excess weight in childhood can be harmful at a young age and not only for long‐term health.
Odor‐Color Associations Are Not Mediated by Concurrent Verbalization
Authors: Speed Laura J. , de Valk Josje , Croijmans Ilja , Huisman John L. A. , Majid Asifa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOdor and color are strongly associated. Numerous studies demonstrate consistent odor‐color associations, as well as effects of color on odor perception and language. Yet, we know little about how these associations arise. Here, we test whether language is a possible mediator of odor‐color associations, specifically whether odor‐color associations are mediated by implicit odor naming. In two experiments, we used an interference paradigm to prevent the verbalization of odors during an odor‐color matching task. If participants generate color associations subsequent to labeling an odor, interfering with verbalization during the task should affect the ability to make color associations. In Experiment 1, contrary to our hypothesis, verbal interference did not affect odor‐color matches. However, since performance accuracy on the verbal interference task was high, it is possible our task did not sufficiently disrupt verbal processing. In Experiment 2, we, therefore, used an active verbal interference task, and still found no difference across interference conditions. Odor naming accuracy, odor familiarity, and odor pleasantness, however, did predict odor‐color matches. This suggests that although color associations are related to semantic factors, they are not generated by recruiting odor labels in the moment. Overall, our results do not provide evidence that language plays an online role in odor‐color associations, instead, they are consistent with the claim that language may have shaped associations during development.
Advances and innovations in living donor liver transplant techniques, matching and surgical training: Meeting report from the living donor liver transplant consensus conference
Authors: Sturdevant Mark , Ganesh Swaytha , Samstein Benjamin , Verna Elizabeth C. , Rodriguez‐Davalos Manuel , Kumar Vineeta , Abouljoud Marwan , Andacoglu Oya , Askar Medhat , Broering Dieter , Emamaullee Juliet , Emond Jean C. , Haugen Christine E. , Jesse Michelle T. , Kasahara Mureo , Liapakis AnnMarie , Mandelbrot Didier , Pillai Anjana , Roll Garrett R. , Selzner Nazia , Emre Sukru ,   the AST LDLT Consensus Conference Working Group
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe practice of LDLT currently delivers limited impact in western transplant centers. The American Society of Transplantation organized a virtual consensus conference in October 2021 to identify barriers and gaps to LDLT growth, and to provide evidence‐based recommendations to foster safe expansion of LDLT in the United States. This article reports the findings and recommendations regarding innovations and advances in approaches to donor‐recipient matching challenges, the technical aspects of the donor and recipient operations, and surgical training. Among these themes, the barriers deemed most influential/detrimental to LDLT expansion in the United States included: (1) prohibitive issues related to donor age, graft size, insufficient donor remnant, and ABO incompatibility; (2) lack of acknowledgment and awareness of the excellent outcomes and benefits of LDLT; (3) ambiguous messaging regarding LDLT to patients and hospital leadership; and (4) a limited number of proficient LDLT surgeons across the United States. Donor‐recipient mismatching may be circumvented by way of liver paired exchange. The creation of a national registry to generate granular data on donor‐recipient matching will guide the practice of liver paired exchange. The surgical challenges to LDLT are addressed herein and focuses on the development of robust training pathways resulting in proficiency in donor and recipient surgery. Utilizing strong mentorship/collaboration programs with novel training practices under the auspices of established training and certification bodies will add to the breadth and depth of training.
Parental perceptions of second opinion consultations for recent onset schizophrenia
Authors: Sepahpour Tiana Y. , Chin Kathleen , Baker Krista K. , Wolcott Maxwell , Margolis Russell L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimCorrect early diagnosis and intervention for schizophrenia is associated with improved outcomes. This study sought to determine the potential value of specialized consultations for individuals thought to have a recent‐onset schizophrenia spectrum disorder who were not receiving specialized care.Methods121 consecutive one‐time consultations were performed in a clinic specializing in recent‐onset schizophrenia. Parents of 79 patients were questioned about the process and the value of the consultation.ResultsConsultations were perceived by parents as both positive and helpful experiences. 85% of parents were somewhat or very happy with the consultation experience, and 86% found the consultation to be moderately or very helpful. A third of parents viewed the consultation as contributing to the long‐term improvement of the patient's condition.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate the potential value of consultations for individuals with possible schizophrenia spectrum disorders not receiving specialized treatment, and provide rationale for comprehensive studies investigating the widespread implementation of such consultations.
Power and dialogue: A review of discursive research
Authors: Ong Ben , Tseliou Eleftheria , Strong Tom , Buus Niels 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCollaborative‐dialogic approaches to family therapy advise therapists to take a position of client‐as‐expert and promote an equality of multiple perspectives. This has led to debates about how to conceptualize power in dialogical therapies with scholars theorizing and researching power as social and negotiated through interaction. We aimed to understand power in dialogical therapy through reviewing discursive research on therapeutic conversations. We performed a systematic search of bibliographical databases PsycINFO, PubMed, and CINAHL. We reviewed the findings from 18 studies utilizing discursive analyses of collaborative‐dialogical therapy sessions and examined their findings in relation to power within interactions. We found a strong focus on the practices of the therapist rather than on those of the client. The therapist was presented as a catalyst of dialogue using minimal and active responses to promote dialogical conversations. Therapists also utilized power in response to broader institutional and social demands that may not be consistent with some interpretations of dialogical therapy. We consider practice implications where the exercise of power to direct a session facilitates dialogical interactions.
Exploratory study on the factors related with the early detection of missing older persons with dementia living alone in Japan
Authors: Kikuchi Kazunori , Ooguchi Tatsuya , Ikeuchi Tomoko , Awata Shuichi 
Published: April 2023

AimTo clarify the factors related to the early detection of missing older persons with dementia (PwD) who lived alone in Japan.MethodsWe carried out a multiple regression analysis with data from 88 missing PwD.ResultsThe location of the discovery was within the municipality where the missing PwD lived. Furthermore, the use of long‐term care insurance services was significantly associated with early detection.ConclusionMissing PwD were located within the municipality in which they lived, which meant that the individual was found before they went far. In addition, with the long‐term care insurance services, professionals should regularly visit the home of PwD according to a care plan. Planned regular visits might trigger the early recognition of a missing person with dementia and enable early search activities. Therefore, use of long‐term care insurance services might lead to the early detection of missing PwD living alone. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 362–365.
Human Foamy Virus: An Underestimated Neuropathogen?
Authors: Aguzzi Adriano , Bothe Katrin , Wagner Erwin F. , Rethwilm Axel , Horak Ivan 
Published: April 2023

Human foamy virus (HFV) is a recently characterized retrovirus which was originally isolated from patients with various neoplastic and degenerative diseases. However, until today it has not been possible to identify HFV as the causative agent of any disease and little is known about its prevalence in human populations. Like HTLV and HIV, HFV encodes the three structural retroviral genes, gag, pol and env, and an additional region containing three open reading frames, bel‐1 to bel‐3. Bel‐1 activates transcription of the long terminal repeat of HFV and HIV. In order to study the consequences of expressing HFV regulatory genes and to investigate a possible pathogenic potential of HFV, we have introduced parts of the HFV genome into the germ line of mice.Our studies with transgenic mice demonstrate that HFV transgenes encompassing the bel region are transiently transcribed between midgestation and birth at moderate levels in various tissues. Expression is then suppressed, but resumes after a latency of several weeks in a restricted range of tissues and leads to extensive accumulation of HFV transcripts in single cells. This is associated with a progressive degenerative disease of the central nervous system and of striated muscle. These findings provide the first evidence of a disease induced by HFV and suggest that HFV might also act as a human pathogen in neurological diseases. Moreover, the transgenic mouse model will be useful for studying the molecular basis of HFV‐induced neurotoxicity, the role of individual disease‐associated HFV genes and the regulation of retroviral latency.
Potentially inappropriate medication use is associated with increased risk of incident disability in healthy older adults
Authors: Lockery Jessica E. , Collyer Taya A. , Woods Robyn L. , Orchard Suzanne G. , Murray Anne , Nelson Mark R. , Stocks Nigel P. , Wolfe Rory , Moran Chris , Ernst Michael E. ,   the ASPREE Investigator Group
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundEfforts to minimize medication risks among older adults include avoidance of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). However, most PIMs research has focused on older people in aged or inpatient care, creating an evidence gap for community‐dwelling older adults. To address this gap, we investigated the impact of PIMs use in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) clinical trial cohort.MethodsAnalysis included 19,114 community‐dwelling ASPREE participants aged 70+ years (65+ if US minorities) without major cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, or significant physical disability. PIMs were defined according to a modified 2019 AGS Beers Criteria. Cox proportional‐hazards regression models were used to estimate the association between baseline PIMs exposure and disability‐free survival, death, incident dementia, disability, and hospitalization, with adjustment for sex, age, country, years of education, frailty, average gait speed, and comorbidities.ResultsAt baseline, 7396 (39% of the total) participants were prescribed at least one PIM. Compared with those unexposed, participants on a PIM at baseline were at an increased risk of persistent physical disability (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21, 1.80) and hospitalization (adjusted HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.20, 1.32), but had similar rates of disability‐free survival (adjusted HR 1.02; 95% CI 0.93, 1.13) and death (adjusted HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.81, 1.05). These effects did not vary by polypharmacy status in interaction analyses. PIMs exposure was associated with higher risk of disability followed by hospitalization (adjusted HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.25, 2.96) as well as vice versa (adjusted HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.15, 2.05). PPIs, anti‐psychotics and benzodiazepines, were associated with increased risk of disability.ConclusionsPIMs exposure is associated with subsequent increased risk of both incident disability and hospitalization. Increased risk of disability prior to hospitalization suggests that PIMs use may start the disability cascade in healthy older adults. Our findings emphasize the importance of caution when prescribing PIMs to older adults in otherwise good health.
Improvement of speech by facial prosthesis in a midfacial defect with a gunshot injury: A case report
Authors: Mersin Tuğgen Özcivelek , Kılıçarslan Mehmet Ali , Tetik Ebru 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGunshot wounds in the maxillofacial region may cause serious defects that result in functional and esthetic disabilities. A 14‐year‐old male patient was referred to the prosthodontics clinic for provisional prosthetic restoration 5 months after an injury involving the midline midfacial region. An interim extraoral silicone maxillofacial prosthesis (MFP), also known as an epithesis, replacing the nose and upper lip, was fabricated to enhance appearance and speech intelligibility. The effect of the prosthesis insertion on speech outcome was assessed over 6 months. Blood pulse oxygen saturation levels and heart rate were monitored to assess ventilation following the prosthesis insertion. Results of the Assessment of Articulation Subtest revealed the patient produced the target speech sounds of 31 more words correctly at 6 months follow‐up. Bilabial, labiodental, and postalveolar speech sounds in the phonetic inventory improved. Fabrication of an extraoral silicone MFP, modifying substructure design, and prosthesis usage over time contributed to the significant enhancement of speech intelligibility and did not significantly change the blood pulse oxygen saturation levels and heart rate. It led to an improvement in overall aesthetic outcomes and was a useful tool for the patient's social integration.
Three‐dimensional chromosome re‐modelling: The integral mechanism of transcription regulation in bacteria
Authors: Rashid Fatema‐Zahra M. , Dame Remus T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNucleoid‐associated proteins (NAPs) are architectural proteins of the bacterial chromosome and transcription factors that dynamically organise the chromosome and regulate gene expression in response to physicochemical environmental signals. While the architectural and regulatory functions of NAPs have been verified independently, the coupling between these functions in vivo has not been conclusively proven. Here we describe a model NAP – histone‐like nucleoid structuring protein (H‐NS) – as a coupled sensor‐effector that directly regulates gene expression by chromatin re‐modelling in response to physicochemical environmental signals. We outline how H‐NS‐binding partners and post‐translational modifications modulate the role of H‐NS as a transcription factor by influencing its DNA structuring properties. We consolidate our ideas in models of how H‐NS may regulate the expression of the proVWX and hlyCABD operons by chromatin re‐modelling. The interplay between chromosome structure and gene expression may be a common – but, at present, under‐appreciated – concept of transcription regulation in bacteria.
Weyl and two kinds of potential domains
Authors: Crosilla Laura , Linnebo Øystein 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAccording to Weyl, “‘inexhaustibility’ is essential to the infinite”. However, he distinguishes two kinds of inexhaustible, or merely potential, domains: those that are “extensionally determinate” and those that are not. This article clarifies Weyl's distinction and explains its enduring logical and philosophical significance. The distinction sheds lights on the contemporary debate about potentialism, which in turn affords a deeper understanding of Weyl.
Seemingly Unrelated Regression Estimation for VAR Models with Explosive Roots*
Authors: Chen Ye , Li Jian , Li Qiyuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFor VAR models with common explosive root, the OLS estimator of the autoregressive coefficient matrix is inconsistent (refer to Nielsen, 2009 and Phillips and Magdalinos, 2013). Although Phillips & Magdalinos (2013) proposed using the future observations as the instrumental variable for removing the endogeneity from VAR models, type I error occurs when testing for a common explosive root from the distinct explosive roots before the implementation of IV estimation. Such error creates bias and variance in the estimate and further causes incorrect inference in the structural analysis such as forecast error decomposition (FEVD). Hence, we propose using of seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) estimation for VAR models with explosive roots. Our SUR estimator is consistent in the case of both distinct explosive roots and common explosive root. We also consider models with drift in the system for generalization. Simulations show that the SUR estimate performs better than OLS and IV estimate in the case of both a common explosive root and distinct explosive roots case. In structural FEVD analysis, simulations show that SUR yields a different result from OLS and IV. We demonstrate the use of SUR in FEVD for agricultural commodity markets between 3 July 2010, and 29 January 2011.
The abundance and morphology of human large intestinal goblet and tuft cells during chronic schistosomiasis
Authors: Gologorsky Matthew B. , Mechler Claire M. , Forgó Erna , Charville Gregory W. , Howitt Michael R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSchistosomiasis affects nearly 240 million people in predominately low‐ and middle‐income countries and ranks second in the number of cases and socio‐economic burden among all parasitic diseases. Despite the enormous burden posed by schistosomes, our understanding of how schistosomiasis impacts infected human tissues remains limited. Intestinal schistosomiasis in animal models leads to goblet cell hyperplasia, likely increasing mucus production and reflecting an intestinal type 2 immune response. However, it is unknown whether these same changes occur in schistosome‐infected humans. Using immunofluorescence and light microscopy, we compared the abundance and morphology of goblet cells in patients diagnosed with schistosomiasis to uninfected controls. The mucin‐containing vesicles in goblet cells from schistosome‐infected patients were significantly larger (hypertrophic) than uninfected individuals, although goblet cell hyperplasia was absent in chronic human schistosomiasis. In addition, we examined tuft cells in the large intestinal epithelium of control and schistosome‐infected patients. Tuft cell numbers expand during helminth infection in mice, but these cells have not been characterized in human parasite infections. We found no evidence of tuft cell hyperplasia during human schistosome infection. Thus, our study provides novel insight into schistosome‐associated changes to the intestinal epithelium in humans, suggesting an increase in mucus production by large intestinal goblet cells but relatively minor effects on tuft cell numbers.