bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioprocess inspired formation of calcite mesocrystals by cation-mediated particle attachment mechanism
Authors: Wang Qihang , Yuan Bicheng , Huang Wenyang , Ping Hang , Xie Jingjing , Wang Kun , Wang Weimin , Zou Zhaoyong , Fu Zhengyi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Calcite mesocrystals were proposed, and have been widely reported, to form in the presence of polymer additives via oriented assembly of nanoparticles. However, the formation mechanism and the role of polymer additives remain elusive. Here, inspired by the biomineralization process of sea urchin spine comprising magnesium calcite mesocrystals, we show that calcite mesocrystals could also be obtained via attachment of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) nanoparticles in the presence of inorganic zinc ions. Moreover, we demonstrate that zinc ions can induce the formation of temporarily stabilized amorphous nanoparticles of less than 20 nm at a significantly lower calcium carbonate concentration as compared to pure solution, which is energetically beneficial for the attachment and occlusion during calcite growth. The cation-mediated particle attachment crystallization significantly improves our understanding of mesocrystal formation mechanisms in biomineralization and offers new opportunities to bioprocess inspired inorganic ions regulated materials fabrication.
The centers of discrete groups as stabilizers of dark matter
Authors: Jurčiukonis Darius , Lavoura Luís 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The most usual option to stabilize dark matter (DM) is a $\mathbb {Z}_2$ symmetry. In general, though, DM may be stabilized by any $\mathbb {Z}_N$ with N ≥ 2. We consider the way that $\mathbb {Z}_N$ is a subgroup of the internal-symmetry group G of a model; we entertain the possibility that $\mathbb {Z}_N$ is the center of G, yet G is not of the form $\mathbb {Z}_N \times G^\prime$, where G′ is a group smaller (i.e., of lower order) than G. We examine all the discrete groups of order smaller than 2001 and we find that many of them cannot be written as the direct product of a cyclic group and some other group, yet they have a non-trivial center that might be used in model building to stabilize DM.
S-09-2: POLYPILLS FOR HYPERTENSION CONTROL IN ASIANS
Authors: Sukonthasarn Apichard 
Published: January 2023

The number of cardiovascular disease (CVD) cases and deaths have continued to rise in Asian population. These unfavorable trends are expected to continue, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries.Raised blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol are among the leading modifiable risk factors for this problem.
From the year 1990–2019, the prevalence of hypertension in many low-income and middle-income countries in Asia remained unchanged or increased. Most of the increase was in those without a previous diagnosis. However, the hypertension treatment and control were not improved in many countries since 1990.
A meta-analysis concluded that combination anti-hypertensive therapies results in a greater reduction in blood pressure compared with increasing the dose of a single drug, regardless of the class of drugs used in combination. In term of safety, two-drug combinations have been shown to be safe and well tolerated with only a small increase in the risk of hypotension.
The 2019 Thai hypertension Guidelines recommend using statin in high risk hypertensive patients. Adding a statin together with a combination of antihypertensive drug can further reduce the risk of future CVD.
Such Polypill may offer many advantages and potential to solve many challenges and barriers in management of hypertension and CVD control in many, if not all, Asian Countries.
S-10-4: THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BLOOD PRESSURE PER THE 2019 JSH AND 2017 ACC/AHA GUIDELINES AND HEART FAILURE RISK: THE SUITA STUDY
Authors: Arafa Ahmed , Kokubo Yoshihiro , Teramoto Masayuki , Kashima Rena , Shimamoto Keiko , Nakao Yoko , Matsuo Miki , Yoshihara Fumiki , Izumi Chisato 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
Hypertension is a significant risk factor for heart failure (HF). Since hypertension definition varies across guidelines, identifying blood pressure (BP) categories that should be targeted to prevent HF is required. We, therefore, investigated the association between hypertension per the 2019 Japanese Society of Hypertension (JSH) and 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines and HF risk.

Design and method:
A total of 2,809 urban Japanese people registered in the Suita Study were followed up for incident HF, which was defined as participants with B-type natriuretic peptide levels of equal or higher than100 pg/mL or starting HF medications. Cox regression was used to assess HF risk for different BP categories in both guidelines compared to a reference category defined as systolic BP (SBP) less than120 mmHg and diastolic BP (DBP) less than 80 mmHg.

Results:
Within 8 years of median follow-up, 339 HF cases were detected. Per the 2019 JSH guidelines, elevated BP (SBP 130 to139 and/or DBP 80 to 89 mmHg), hypertension I (SBP 140 to159 and/or DBP 90 to 99 mmHg), hypertension II (160 to179 and/or DBP 100 to109 mmHg), hypertension III (SBP equal to or higher than180 and/or DBP equal to or higher than110 mmHg), and isolated systolic hypertension (SBP equal to or higher than 140 mmHg and DBP < 90 mmHg) were associated with increased HF risk with HRs (95% CIs): 1.82 (1.34 to 2.49), 1.57 (1.13 to 2.16), 2.10 (1.34 to 3.29), 2.57 (1.15 to 5.77), and 1.51 (1.04 to 2.19), respectively. Per the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines, hypertension I (SBP 130 to 39 or DBP 80 to 89 mmHg), hypertension II (SBP equal to or higher than140 and/or DBP equal to or higher than 90 mmHg), and isolated systolic hypertension (SBP equal to or higher than 130 and DBP less than 80 mmHg) were associated with increased HF risk with HRs (95% CIs): 1.81 (1.33 to 2.47), 1.68 (1.24 to 2.27), and 1.64 (1.13 to 2.39), respectively. The associations were modestly attenuated among participants with no history of cardiovascular diseases (coronary heart disease or stroke). Hypertension medication dissolved the association between increased BP and HF risk.

Conclusions:
Increased BP, even without fulfilling the hypertension definition per the 2019 JSH guidelines, can elevate the risk of HF.
S-11-2: AORTIC PULSE WAVE VELOCITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK
Authors: Weber Thomas 
Published: January 2023

Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), which can be non-invasively approached by measuring carotid-femoral (cf) PWV, but also to a certain degree by measuring brachial-ankle (ba) PWV, is currently thought to be the gold standard assessment of aortic / large artery stiffness, an important physical property of the arterial system. The assessment of cfPWV/baPWV can be recommended at several stages in the cardiovascular continuum:
+ Primordial and primary prevention: cfPWV/baPWV increase the risk of incident hypertension and diabetes mellitus (thus, cardiovascular (CV) risk) in apparently healthy adolescents and young and middle aged adults.
+ Patients with arterial hypertension: Increased PWV is associated with masked hypertension and is the most prevalent measure of hypertension-mediated organ damage (which is, in turn, an important marker of increased CV risk in patients with hypertension)
+ Patients with diabetes mellitus: PWV is associated with CV and renal complications in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes (and, thus, with very high CV risk in these patients).
+ Young and middle-aged patients up to their 60ies with intermediate CV risk: Increased cfPWV/baPWV can reclassify CV risk in many of these patients, which was confirmed in a metaanalysis including individual participant data of 17.635 patients of 16 observational studies. Associations stratified by sex, diabetes and hypertension were similar, but decreased with age. Adding cfPWV to the traditional CV risk estimation method resulted in net reclassification indices of 25%, 10%, 13% and 11% for 10-year CV mortality, CHD events, CVD events, and stroke events, respectively. In a large meta-analysis including individual participant data of 14.673 Japanese participants (mean age 59–66 years) from 8 cohort studies without a history of CV disease, similar findings were reported for baPWV. Addition of baPWV to a model incorporating the Framingham risk score (FRS) significantly improved the category-free net reclassification (0.247).
Finally, improvement in PWV over a few years is associated with improved prognosis.
Although no randomised study so far has proven a reduction of CV events, based on a PWV driven strategy (as compared to a strategy based on traditional CV risk factors), prevention of the normal age-related increase in PWV has been shown recently in the SPARTE study. Furthermore, it is reasonable to treat high and very-high risk patients, detected by measurement of PWV, according to the respective risk category in current prevention guidelines.
S-20-2: IS HYPERTENSION A CAUSE OF ATRIAL CARDIOMYOPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION? -EVIDENCE FROM ATRIAL BIOPSY-
Authors: Takahashi Yuya , Yamaguchi Takanori , Otsubo Toyokazu , Nakashima Kana , Shinzato Kodai , Osako Ryosuke , Shichida Shigeki , Node Koichi 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
Hypertension is considered to be associated with the development of ventricular cardiomyopathy, however, little is known about its impact on atrial cardiomyopathy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between hypertension and atrial cardiomyopathy in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Design and method:
We examined 234 patients (67 ± 12 years old, 72 female genders, 145 non-paroxysmal AF type) who underwent right atrial septum biopsy from the limbus of fossa ovalis under the guidance of intracardiac echocardiography during catheter ablation for AF. High-density bipolar voltage mapping was also performed using a grid mapping catheter during high right atrial pacing. Atrial cardiomyopathy was evaluated based on quantitative histological analyses including the extent of fibrosis (%Fibrosis), extent of intercellular space (%Intercellular-space), severity of myofibrillar loss (%Myofibrillar-loss), extent of adipocyte (%Adipocyte), myocyte size, and nuclear density were quantified using a digital image platform based on the Masson Trichrome and Hematoxylin and Eosin staining (Figure A). Mean voltage at the biopsy site and the whole left atrium (LA) was evaluated (Figure B). Univariate analyses were performed on these histological factors between patients with hypertension and those without. Covariate correction for age and gender was also performed.

Results:
A total of 132 patients had hypertension. Univariate analysis showed no significant difference in %Fibrosis, %Intercellular-space, %Myofibrillar-loss, %Adipocyte, Myocyte size, mean voltage at the biopsy site and of the whole LA, LA volume/body surface area, and LA diameter between patients with and without hypertension. Nuclear density was significantly lower in patients with hypertension than those without hypertension (368 ± 128 vs. 409 ± 151/mm2, p = 0.006) (Figure C). After adjusting for age and gender, there was no significant difference in the nuclear density (p = 0.129).

Conclusions:
Arterial hypertension is not associated with the severity of atrial cardiomyopathy in patients with AF.
S-21-1: IMPLEMENTING HEARTS HYPERTENSION CONTROL PROJECT IN CHINA
Authors: Zhang Xin-Hua , Guan Tingrui , Wang Hao , Zhao Haiying , Huang Hongxia , Liu Lisheng , Frieden Tom 
Published: January 2023

Hypertension is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, due to its high prevalence and severe complications (stroke, heart attack, etc). Control of hypertension could prevent most unnecessary outcomes. However, detecting hundreds of millions of hypertensive patients globally and controlling BP to target for the rest of their lives could be a huge burden to all health care systems. The HEARTS technical package developed by WHO provides tools for governments and professional organizations to support primary care services (PCS) to apply evidence-based strategies to control and prevent cardiovascular diseases. The HEARTS China hypertension control project was initiated in 2017. It is owned by governments, technically supported by a hypertension specialist committee and managed by the secretariat. The standard protocol with screening for all adult visitors, and stepwise treatment with calcium channel blockers + ARB + thiazide-like diuretic was selected by the advisory committee. The supply of selected medications was supported by governments. The HEARTS monitoring system, with ID card-driven automatic BP measurement and data transfer to the doctors web page (no data entry), records screening, registration and prescriptions during daily practice. The information helps physicians with decision making in diagnosis and treatment and provides regular quality and progress reports to PSCs and health authorities.
Up to December 2021, a cumulative total of 894 PSCs participated in the project. They screened more than 620,000 adults, registered over 268,000 and treated 190,000 hypertensive patients. A total of 86,523 patients achieved the goal of BP control at their last visit. The awareness, treatment and control rates improved continuously in the project-involved areas. Consequently, the episodes of hospitalization for cardiovascular disease among all-cause hospitalizations reduced by 13%. It reduced more in the service areas that screened and treated more hypertensive patients, than in those that screened and treated fewer patients (-15% vs -6%).
However, the data recorded in the monitoring system indicated serious clinical inertia in the implementation of the HEARTS protocol: screening does not yet involve all visitors; nearly 30% of diagnosed patients were untreated, 70% of treated patients were not regularly followed-up; only 19% of patients with BP> = 160/100 initiated treatment with combined medications; 64% of revisited patients with uncontrolled BP failed to intensify treatment. More training courses and incentive mechanisms may help PSCs to improve the quality of care.
Implementing HEARTS has improved quality and coverage for hypertension control. Overcoming clinical inertia should be able to accelerate this progress.
S-21-2: MAY MEASUREMENT MONTH IN NEPAL: FIVE-YEAR COMPARISON OF BLOOD PRESSURE SCREENING RESULTS IN 2017 - 2021
Authors: Inagaki Yoko , Koilala Sweta , Bhattarai Harikrishna , Mishra Shiva Raj , Adhikari Tara Ballav , Khanal Pratik , Acharya Pawan , Mclachlan Craig , Poulter Neli R , Koilala Baghawan , Oslen Michael Hecht , Neupane Dinesh 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
Nepal has been participating in the May Measurement Month (MMM) aiming to raise hypertension awareness and improve health seeking behavior to control high blood pressure in communities and present data for policymakers. This study compares the results from 2017 to 2021.

Design and Methods:
Opportunistic cross-sectional surveys to measure the proportion of hypertension, its awareness, treatment, control, and risk factors among> = 18 years of age annually from 2017 to 2021 in Nepal. Although MMM was not executed globally due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, it was conducted in Nepal by following safety measures. We administered the structured questionnaire and took three BP readings while sitting at 1-minutes intervals. Measures of association were calculated using the logistic regression model adjusting for age and sex. The same definition of hypertension (a mean of 2nd and 3rd BP reading> = 140/90 mmHg, or participants were treated with medicines for known hypertension) was applied for all years.

Results:
The summary characteristics from 2017 to 2021 are presented in Table 1. Baseline characteristics were similar for all five studies except for low tobacco use in 2017. The proportion of hypertension ranges from 20.6% to 31.3% (24.4% in 2017, 27.8% in 2018, 27.5% in 2019, 31.3% in 2020, and 20.6% in 2021). Awareness, treatment, and control were also similar across five years, ranging from 39.5% to 49.9%, 29.5% to 39.1%, and 46.0% to 56.0% respectively. Smoking, alcohol use, body mass index> = 25, diabetes, and history of myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke were associated with hypertension after adjusting for age and sex across multiple studies.

Conclusions:
A five-year comparison of the MMM study in Nepal showed that hypertension awareness, treatment, and control have been suboptimal, suggesting an urgent need to implement a nationwide prevention and control program together with a national screening program.
S-22-2: PHENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS OF A BLOOD PRESSURE POLYGENIC RISK SCORE
Authors: Vaura Felix , Niiranen Teemu 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
Blood pressure (BP) is a polygenic trait with > 1400 known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and BP polygenic risk scores (PRSs) strongly predict future hypertension. However, 90% of BP SNPs are also associated with other traits, such as anthropometric, biochemical, brain-related, hematological, and lifestyle traits. We conducted a phenome-wide survival analysis to explore the longitudinal associations between systolic BP (SBP) PRS and all major disease end points.

Design and method:
We used FinnGen study release 7 with 321,302 individuals (mean age at the end of follow-up 59.4 years, 56.2% women). Because Finnish permanent residents are linked to nationwide electronic health care registers, follow-up with virtually no loss to follow-up is possible for all major disease end points. First, we computed an SBP PRS based on 1,098,015 SNPs using PRS-CS and independent summary statistics from the UK Biobank. Then, using Cox models, we estimated the association between the SBP PRS and 2,350 incident disease end points across all ICD-10 categories and major medication classes. We considered a P value < 10–5 significant.

Results, and Conclusions:
In total, we observed 157 phenome-wide significant associations between SBP PRS and incident disease end points (Figure). As expected, circulatory disease phenotypes had the highest number of significant associations (73), followed by endocrine and metabolic diseases (32), obstetric diseases (10), and respiratory diseases (8). Overall, 14 out of 17 ICD-10 categories had at least one phenome-wide significant association, with only neoplasms, ear-related, and perinatal diseases lacking any associations. Our results demonstrate that due to the high pleiotropy in BP genetics, SBP PRS is associated with a wide range of outcomes besides cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms underlying these links warrants further investigation. More broadly, our study also underlines the potential for PRSs from high-powered genome-wide association studies of pleiotropic traits to be utilized in the prediction of other incident diseases.
S-22-6: RENAL EXPRESSION OF MICRORNAS AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION - INSIGHTS FROM SMALL RNA-SEQUENCING OF 493 HUMAN KIDNEYS
Authors: Scannali David , Xu Xiaoguang , Eales James M , Drzal Maciej , Rainey Timothy , Bogdanski Pawel , Wystrychowski Wojciech , Zywiec Joanna , Szczechowska Ewa Zukowska , Guzik Tomasz J , Morris Andrew P , Charchar Fadi J , Tomaszewski Maciej 
Published: January 2023

The kidney is a critical regulator of blood pressure (BP) and a contributor to cardiovascular health. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potential mediators of genetic predisposition to cardiovascular and kidney disorders, yet their overall role in blood pressure control has not been fully characterised. We sought to identify and catalogue all renal miRNAs, investigate which of them are genetically regulated and assess whether their expression-modifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) overlap with genetic variants associated with BP in previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS).
We first characterised the entire renal miRNA transcriptome through de novo small RNA-sequencing of 493 human kidney samples. We then integrated these expression profiles with genotype information to perform expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis - the largest of its kind - and identify genetically regulated miRNAs and their regulatory SNPs. We then examined the extent to which miRNA-regulating variants overlapped with the curated list of BP-associated GWAS SNPs.
We identified 1,459 mature miRNAs expressed in the human kidney, and the top 50 most highly expressed miRNAs accounted for 24.2% of the measured expression. We also discovered that 78% of miRNA genes expressed in the kidney were intragenic to other genes and 58% mapped to an intron of those genes. After correction for multiple testing, our eQTL analysis had identified 140 genetically regulated miRNAs in the kidney. They were controlled by 19,901 unique SNPs (eSNPs) with a total of 21,805 miRNA-eSNP pairs. Functional annotation of miRNA eSNPs demonstrated 2.54-fold enrichment for kidney enhancer regions and 1.69-fold enrichment for kidney promoters when compared to randomly selected SNPs. Through overlap with GWAS SNPs for systolic, diastolic and pulse pressures, we identified 8 kidney BP miRNA eSNPs responsible for the regulation of 9 mature miRNAs.
Collectively, we generated a catalogue of miRNAs expressed in the human kidney, annotated novel kidney relevant miRNAs and their regulatory variants and discovered 9 renal microRNAs that may act as mediators of genetic predisposition to high BP.