bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COGNITIVE PROFILES OF SPOUSAL AND PARENTAL CAREGIVERS: AN HRS STUDY
Authors: Singer Katelyn , Katz Benjamin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previous work analyzing the health and wellbeing correlates of caregiving has found increased rates of depression (Caputo, Pavalko, & Hardy, 2016), anxiety (Joling et al., 2015), and elevated risks of health problems, specifically cardiovascular-related incidents like hypertension (Capistrant, Moon, & Glymour, 2012), cardiovascular disease (Capistrant et al., 2012), and strokes (Haley et al., 2010). Research on specific cognitive effects that this responsibility may elicit has been less of an area of focus, especially when examining domains related to executive functioning. The present research investigated whether executive functioning mechanisms (such as processing speed, recall, and attention) are impacted in caregivers and if their function is mediated by interpersonal factors like birth year, gender, education, and depressive symptomology. Using the Health and Retirement Study, we compared spousal and parental caregivers of persons with medical conditions (n = 143) and non-caregivers (n = 975) who completed the 2015 Consumer and Activities Mail Survey (CAMS). Additional demographic and cognitive performance information was paired from the corresponding RAND 2016 data and the 2016 Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) data. Preliminary ANCOVA results indicated, surprisingly, that spousal/parental caregivers were more likely to exhibit better executive function performance (p &lt; .05) compared to non-caregivers, while delayed recall measures were not linked to caregiving status. These results indicate that intact executive function might be linked to one’s ability to provide caregiving for parents and/or spouses; while the HCAP was only administered at a single time point, future research should examine the longitudinal effects of caregiving on cognitive function.
EVERYDAY PROSPECTIVE MEMORY LAPSES AND INFLAMMATION IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Harrington Erin , Graham-Engeland Jennifer , Sliwinski Martin , Katz Mindy , Van Bogart Karina , Mogle Jacqueline , Lipton Richard , Engeland Christopher 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) refers to our memory for future intentions, such as attending an appointment or taking medication. Research suggests that PM deficits can distinguish healthy older adults from those in early stages of dementia. However, limited work has examined PM and biological markers associated with pathological memory decline. The current study examined older adults’ everyday PM lapses and inflammation. Older dementia-free adults (n =237, Mage=76.86 years), enrolled in the ongoing Einstein Aging Study, completed a two-week ecological momentary assessment (EMA) as part of the first wave of data collection. Participants provided two blood samples (pre/post EMA) and self-reported daily PM lapses during nightly surveys. Inflammatory levels quantified from blood were averaged and included in regression analyses predicting total number of PM lapses (covarying for: age, education, race, health, BMI, depressive symptoms). Reporting more PM lapses was associated with higher circulating levels of interleukin [IL]-8 (p=.007); no significant associations emerged with C-reactive protein or other circulating or stimulated (ex-vivo) cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-a). Gender moderated the observed link between IL-8 and PM lapses (p=.015); specifically, higher levels of IL-8 were associated with more PM lapses among men (95%CI=[0.54, 4.72]) but not women (95%CI=[-1.56, 1.25]). Other researchers that found poor cognitive performance in association with elevated IL-8 have suggested that this relation may be indicative of neurodegeneration and future pathology. Future studies should continue to examine daily PM lapses and inflammation across genders to identify mechanisms through which these constructs may relate to neurodegeneration and dementia risk.
DAILY STRESS, DYADIC COPING, AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN MIDLIFE SAME- AND DIFFERENT-SEX MARRIAGES
Authors: Wang Yiwen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Little is known about same-sex couples’ stress experience and cognitive performance at older ages as compared to different-sex couples. Sexual minority older adults may be at greater risk of cognitive impairment and dementia than their non-LGB counterparts due to life-long exposure to the discrimination and stigma associated with sexual minority status. In this study, I use daily dyadic longitudinal data from the Health and Relationships Project (HARP) to explore the patterns of daily cognitive functioning (memory failures and unconstructive repetitive thinking) among spouses in same-sex and different-sex marriages within the United States (N = 836 individuals, 419 couples). The primary focus of this study is to assess how daily stress—as reported by each spouse—is associated with cognitive function, and how these associations vary for women and men in same- and different-sex marriages. To examine how dyadic coping (the process through which couples manage stress together) matters, I also test whether collaborative dyadic coping buffers the health impact of daily stressors on cognitive function. Results suggest that same-sex couples experience more daily stress and have worse cognition compared to different-sex couples. While both respondent- and spouse-reported daily stress are negatively associated with cognitive function, the association between spouse-reported stress and cognition is stronger for women in same-sex marriages compared to men in different-sex marriages. Both men and women in same-sex marriages are more likely to cope with stress collaboratively than their counterparts in different-sex marriages, which helps buffer the negative consequences of daily stress on cognition.
FIRST-YEAR OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY STUDENTS KNOWLEDGE OF AGING; SUGGESTIONS FOR CURRICULUM REQUIREMENTS
Authors: Traywick LaVona , Saviers Brittany , Griffin Terry , Brown Teressa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
There is a rising shortage of allied healthcare professionals, including occupational therapists, to meet the current and expected needs of the senior adult population. To educate occupational therapy students, there are national standards that all programs have to meet. Inconsistency occurs because there is not a set national curriculum. It is assumed that students will enter their respective occupational therapy programs with a base knowledge of aging due to prerequisite requirements. With IRB approval, that assumption was measured over four consecutive years at one prominent OT program. 192 first-semester occupational therapy students were administered the Facts on Aging Quiz along with additional questions regarding birth year and anticipated employment. Results showed that first-year occupational therapy students’ knowledge of aging was poor (67.9% mean) regardless of their age or population work preference. Only 11.5% stated geriatrics was their preferred population with which to work; most students stated pediatrics. Statistical tests indicated a trend of decreasing mean scores of the cohorts. If this trend of decreasing gerontological literacy exists in occupational therapy, other health care disciplines may be experiencing similar fates. It appears there is a considerable gap between the needs of society and the knowledge base/desired population work preference of those entering healthcare education. Strategies to address that gap need to be addressed to prepare occupational therapy students and other health care practitioners to best meet the needs of the current population. Based on these study results, more emphasis needs to be placed on gerontological literacy for new occupational therapy students.
SLEEP DURATION MEDIATES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LETTER FLUENCY AND COGNITION
Authors: Kim Hyeon Jung , Banerjee Subhranshu , Boron Julie Blaskewicz 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Changes in cognition are a normative part of aging. Verbal fluency is widely used for assessing cognitive function, including predicting mild cognitive impairment. As people age, sleep duration and quality decrease. This has been associated with cognitive decline; individuals with low-quality sleep (fewer hours and difficulties with initiation or maintenance of sleep) are more likely to complain of poorer cognition. Lack of sleep is detrimental to verbal fluency (word production). Longer sleep has been linked to memory deficits and is a potential indicator of mild cognitive impairment. This study aimed to address the relationship between verbal fluency and cognitive function as mediated by sleep duration. Participants included 31 middle-aged adults (female, n=19;age=53.55±7.18yrs) and 24 older adults (female=14; age=70.33±3.69yrs). The MoCA assessed cognitive functioning. Verbal fluency (90 seconds each) was measured via category word (animals; semantic verbal fluency) and letter word (phonemic verbal fluency; F,A,S). Mediation models used Baron and Kenny’s (1986) approach for estimating mediation effects, controlling for age and education. Category results were non-significant. However, sleep duration partially mediated the relationship between letter fluency for each letter and cognitive function, respectively (F:F(2,52)=7.31, p=.002, R2=.22; A: F(2,52)=3.80, p=.029, R2=.18; S: F(2,52)=5.47, p=.007, R2=.17). Sleep hours were negatively associated with letter fluency, meaning fewer hours of sleep improved fluency performance, which in turn was positively associated with MOCA scores (F: b=-.378, 95%CI [-0.64, 0.02]; A: b=-.172, 95%CI [-0.42, 0.01]; S: b=-.24, 95%CI [-0.64, 0.02]. This coincides with the abovementioned literature and helps further understand how sleep and cognitive performance are related.
IMPROVING CAREGIVER ASSESSMENT AND COMMUNICATION ABOUT PAIN IN RELATIVES WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Riffin Catherine , Brody Lilla , Mukhi Priya , Reid Cary , Herr Keela , Pillemer Karl 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pain is under-detected and poorly managed in persons with dementia (PWD). Family caregivers are well situated to detect and facilitate management of pain in PWD, but they receive little guidance and training in these tasks. Our group developed the Pain Identification and Communication Toolkit (PICT), a manualized, multicomponent intervention to help caregivers recognize pain in their care recipients and communicate their observations to healthcare providers. PICT includes a) training in administering an observational pain assessment tool, b) coaching in effective pain communication, and c) building caregivers’ skills through practice. To evaluate PICT’s acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy, we conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial of N=34 caregivers (n=18 randomized to PICT; n=16 randomized to a control condition). Participants were from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds (14% Black; 15% Hispanic; 8% Asian; 8% multiracial). Of the caregivers enrolled in the intervention group, 66.7% reported that PICT improved their confidence in identifying pain symptoms, and 83.3% reported that PICT improved their confidence in communicating pain-related concerns to providers. Retention was excellent: 100% of caregivers in the PICT group completed all intervention sessions (4 total); only 5% prematurely terminated the study (did not complete the 12-week post-assessment questionnaire). Notably, caregivers in the PICT group showed a significant improvement in confidence communicating with healthcare providers from baseline to 12-week follow-up (M=3.9 vs. M=4.4; p&lt;.01). Collectively, these findings suggest PICT’s potential as an intervention to help caregivers recognize and communicate about pain in PWD and that a full-scale efficacy trial with larger sample is warranted.
STEPS TOWARD RAISE: CO-DESIGN OF COMPETENCY-BASED EDUCATION TO ENGAGE FAMILY CAREGIVERS AS PARTNERS
Authors: Parmar Jasneet , Anderson Sharon , Duggleby Wendy , Lobchuk Michelle , Drance Elisabeth , L'Heureux Tanya , Lowther Johnna , Crowder Kim 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Meeting the needs of a growing population of older people living with complex conditions is highly dependent on healthcare providers partnering with family caregivers (FCGs). FCGs provide 90% of the care yet are marginalized within healthcare systems. Educating healthcare providers to support FCGs is a necessary step towards addressing the inconsistent system of supports for diverse FCGs throughout variable care trajectories. Current research suggests that co-design benefits stakeholders, produces superior outcomes, and facilitates moving knowledge efficiently into healthcare practices. Currently, moving best practices into healthcare is a time-consuming process (10-17 years). This presentation will discuss a feasible three-phase co-design process that included 120 multilevel interdisciplinary stakeholders including FCGs, educators, researchers, not-for-profit and healthcare providers/leaders, educational designers, and policy influencers/makers: 1) Developing relationships and insights; 2) Translating insights into education design; and 3) Planning the implementation, spread, and scale-up. The research tools used included literature reviews, qualitative and survey research on specific topics, consultations (symposia, modified Delphi process, co-design meetings), and mixed methods evaluation. Three modules, Foundational, COVID-19, and Advanced have been developed. Learners report high satisfaction, relevance, and significant knowledge gains upon completion. This successful education co-design required three critical elements: 1) an engaged co-design team led by people knowledgeable about healthcare and FCGs; 2) team access to collaborators/staff with the appropriate theoretical, research, and facilitation skills; and 3) an educational design team to bring stakeholders’ ideas to life. Leveraging stakeholders’ insights are a critical step towards the RAISE act goal of educating healthcare providers to include FCGs as partners-in-care.
THE ROLE OF SUPPORT IN THE LIVED EXPERIENCE OF DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND THEMATIC SYNTHESIS
Authors: Seyyedmirza Paria , Benson Clark , Emily Diane Ploch , Linden Anna , Gilmore-Bykovskyi Andrea 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
People living with dementia have complex care needs, which are primarily met by unpaid family caregivers. Family caregivers are often underprepared and under-supported in these roles and often experience negative health impacts associated with their caregiving responsibilities. Research suggests caregiving experiences and associated outcomes can be improved through the use of supportive resources which vary widely in design, access, and implementation. Yet how dementia caregivers perceive, identify, and experience supports in the context of their lived experience is less well understood. Understanding caregivers’ un-proscribed conceptualizations of “support” holds important implications for the optimal design of supportive interventions, which are often under-utilized. The objective of this qualitative evidence synthesis was to systematically identify, appraise, and synthesize evidence regarding dementia caregivers’ conceptualization of support through qualitative studies focused broadly on eliciting caregivers’ reports of lived experience. Forty-one qualitative studies were analyzed and synthesized according to methods suggested by Sandelowski (2007) and Graneheim & Lundman (2004). Six themes were identified and synthesized across included studies which include a range of domains from accessibility, awareness, usability, and match of informal and formal support for caregivers' needs and the needs of their care recipient. Caregivers conceptualized support broadly, extending beyond traditional resources to address aspects of their caregiving role. Findings demonstrate that caregivers readily distinguish between formal and informal support, but do not necessarily evaluate them uniformly and are perhaps focused on the fit of support that extends beyond the caregiving role and is more aligned with how caregivers view support in their daily lives.
THE LONGITUDINAL EFFECT OF FINANCIAL DIFFICULTY ON CAREGIVER DEPRESSION
Authors: Mage Susanna , Wilber Kathleen , Benton Donna 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Informal caregivers are the backbone of the long-term healthcare system in the United States and crucial in supporting the rapidly increasing aging population. Previous studies have illustrated the negative effects that the caregiving role can have on caregiver mental health, but few studies have examined the singular role of experiencing financial difficulty on caregiver mental health. The aim of this study was twofold: to measure how financial difficulty in 2015 correlates with caregiver depression in 2015, and to examine whether financial difficulty in 2015 can predict caregiver depression in 2017. We used two-wave panel data from the National Study on Caregiving (N=1,125) to conduct both regression and lagged dependent variable (LDV) regression analyses to investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal effect of financial difficulty on caregiver depression, respectively. Caregiver depression was measured using the 2-item version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-2), and financial difficulty was self-reported. Results show that caregivers who did not experience financial difficulty in 2015 had 0.46 times the odds of not being depressed (CI 0.30-0.70, p-value= 0.00) in 2015, compared to those who noted that they did experience financial difficulty. In performing a LDV analysis, outcomes showed that financial difficulty in 2015 was significantly associated with caregiver depression in 2017 (p-value&lt; 0.05), implying that current reported financial difficulty may influence caregiver depression two years later. Conclusions from this work provide support for the development of financial interventions for caregivers experiencing financial difficulty that could play a role in alleviating their depressive symptoms.
DEVELOPMENT OF A TRANSITIONAL CARE PROGRAM FOR FRAIL OLDER ADULTS BETWEEN HOSPITAL AND HOME
Authors: Lee Ji Yeon , Cho Eunhee , Kim Sue , Kim Gwang Suk , Lee Kyung Hee , Kim Chang Oh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Frail older adults particularly need transitional care between hospital and home due to physical function decline and psychological instability after discharge. This study aimed to develop a transitional care for frail older adults in Korea who are discharged home following hospitalization. The Returning Home (Rehome©) program was established through the three phases according to the Medical Research Council’s 2013 guidelines. 1) Identifying the evidence base phase included a systematic review of literature and needs assessments from interviews with frail older adults. The core intervention components (e.g., geriatric assessment, transitional care planning, home visits, phone follow-up, community service liaison, and family engagement) were determined. 2) At the phase of identifying theory, the transition theory was selected and modified to fit the target population in the context of the Korean healthcare system. 3) Phase three was for the modeling process and outcomes. Based on the result from phases 1 and 2, the Rehome program was developed considering clinically applicable strategies. The final Rehome program consisted of a comprehensive geriatric assessment at admission; structured discharge/transitional care planning (e.g., medication review, education for chronic disease management, emergencies, and geriatric syndromes, and community resource) at discharge; a home visit and six phone follow-up calls up to 12 weeks after discharge; and emotional support and engagement of the family during the entire period. The Rehome program showed good content validity. The Rehome as a frailty-focused transitional care program could improve the transition through implementing a tailored intervention that meets the care needs of these vulnerable populations.
EXPLAINABLE MACHINE-LEARNING FOR PREDICTING PREOPERATIVE FRAILTY PHENOTYPE USING ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS
Authors: Mardini Mamoun , Price Catherine , Tighe Patrick , Manini Todd 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pre-operative frailty among patients is strongly associated with poor post-operative outcomes. Operationalizing frailty in clinical practice is challenging due to the lack of resources and pragmatic complexities. Feasible tools are needed to cover the scarcity in this area. Harnessing electronic health records (EHR) to screen pre-operative frailty and its related post-operative outcomes would be important for decision making and planning care management. This study aimed to validate an EHR-based machine learning model for pre-operative frailty ascertainment. Measures of the frailty phenotype (slowness, weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, and grip strength) were collected on approximately 14,000 patients (aged 65-100 years) by nurses housed in the UF Health pre-surgical center. Patients with at least 3 out of 5 syndromic components were considered frail. We utilized an explainable machine learning algorithm, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), to build our models to predict pre-operative frailty phenotype. We extracted the important predictors that contributed to predicting the outcome and evaluated their relationship with the outcome. The machine learning model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.71 in recognizing pre-operative frailty across all surgical specialties. The top five predictors for frailty phenotype were hemoglobin level, sex, education level, history of COPD, and diabetes. Using explainable machine learning approaches on EHR data provides a moderate mapping of the frailty phenotype in pre-operative settings. Funding: UF Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center P30AG028740 and R01 AG055337.
GLOBAL DIFFERENCES IN ADAPTATION TO SOCIETAL AGING: A CROSS-SECTIONAL COMPARISON OF 143 COUNTRIES
Authors: Chen Cynthia , Maung Kenwin , Koh Jemima , Rowe John W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Societal ageing is our success story of advancing public health and medicine in reducing the risk of premature death, the control and prevention of diseases, and improvement in social and economic development. Almost all countries are experiencing growth in size and proportion of older persons. In 2019, 703 million older persons were aged 65 and above, projected to double to 1.5 billion by 2050. We construct a multidimensional ageing Index that extends the Ageing Society Index, to account for global differences in societal ageing from 2015 to 2019 for 18 OECD countries. The Index is a weighted sum of scores for five domains that are important for societal ageing: well-being, productivity and engagement, equity, cohesion, and security. We compare the overall index and domain scores between countries. High-income countries dominated the top rankings. The overall Ageing Society Index ranged between 35.0 for Gabon in Africa to 74.6 for Switzerland in Europe. Top-performing countries were high-income countries from the European and Oceania regions, while the worst-performing countries were countries from the African region. Domain scores ranged from 19 (India) to 91.6 (Singapore) for well-being, 12.8 (Mozambique) to 88.5 (Finland) for equity, 32.8 (Gabon) to 88.8 (Uzbekistan) for cohesion, and 27.8 (Madagascar) to 88.8 (Switzerland) for security. Our multidimensional index helps identify specific societal gaps for policymakers to address. Furthermore, the cross-country comparison can be instructive for policymakers to adapt the experiences of successful countries to domestic policies.