bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanosheet Particles with Defect‐Free Block Copolymer Structures Driven by Emulsions Containing Crystallizable Surfactants
Authors: Tan Zhengping , Lee Juyoung , Kim Jinwoo , Ku Kang Hee , Kim Bumjoon J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHighly anisotropic‐shaped particles with well‐ordered internal nanostructures have received significant attention due to their unique shape‐dependent photonic, rheological, and electronic properties and packing structures. In this work, nanosheet particles with cylindrical block copolymer (BCP) arrays are achieved by utilizing collapsed emulsions as a scaffold for BCP self‐assembly. Highly elongated structures with large surface areas are formed by employing crystallizable surfactants that significantly reduce the interfacial tension of BCP emulsions. Subsequently, the stabilized elongated emulsion structures lead to the formation of BCP nanosheets. Specifically, when polystyrene‐block‐polydimethylsiloxane (PS‐b‐PDMS) and 1‐octadecanol (C18‐OH) are co‐assembled within an emulsion, C18‐OH penetrates the surfactant layer at the emulsion interface, lowering the interfacial tension (i.e., below 1 mN m−1) and causing emulsion deformation. In addition, C18‐OH crystallization allows for kinetic arrest of the collapsed emulsion shape during solvent evaporation. Consequently, PS‐b‐PDMS BCPs self‐assemble into defect‐free structures within nanosheet particles, exhibiting an exceptionally high aspect ratio of over 50. The particle formation mechanism is further investigated by controlling the alkyl chain length of the fatty alcohol. Finally, the coating behavior of nanosheet particles is investigated, revealing that the deposition pattern on a substrate is strongly influenced by the particle's shape anisotropy, thus highlighting their potential for advanced coating applications.
Synthesis of Iron Sulfide Nanocrystals Encapsulated in Highly Porous Carbon‐Coated CNT Microsphere as Anode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Yeong Beom , Seo Hyo Yeong , Kim Kyeong‐Ho , Cho Jung Sang , Kang Yun Chan , Park Gi Dae 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHighly porous carbon materials with a rationally designed pore structure can be utilized as reservoirs for metal or nonmetal components. The use of small‐sized metal or metal compound nanoparticles, completely encapsulated by carbon materials, has attracted significant attention as an effective approach to enhancing sodium ion storage properties. These materials have the ability to mitigate structural collapse caused by volume expansion during the charging process, enable short ion transport length, and prevent polysulfide elution. In this study, a concept of highly porous carbon‐coated carbon nanotube (CNT) porous microspheres, which serve as excellent reservoir materials is suggested and a porous microsphere is developed by encapsulating iron sulfide nanocrystals within the highly porous carbon‐coated CNTs using a sulfidation process. Furthermore, various sulfidation processes to determine the optimal method for achieving complete encapsulation are investigated by comparing the morphologies of diverse iron sulfide‐carbon composites. The fully encapsulated structure, combined with the porous carbon, provides ample space to accommodate the significant volume changes during cycling. As a result, the porous iron sulfide‐carbon‐CNT composite microspheres exhibited outstanding cycling stability (293 mA h g−1 over 600 cycles at 1 A g−1) and remarkable rate capability (100 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1).
Precise Tuning of Bilayer Ultrasmall MoS2 Featuring Inhibition of Carrier Recombination and Fast Surface Chemistry for Green H2 Evolution
Authors: Lin Qingzhuo , Luo Chonghan , Jin Dai , Zhou Ling , Zhang Rongbin , Wang Xuewen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAchieving water splitting to produce green H2, using the noble‐metal‐free MoS2, has attracted huge interest from researchers. However, tuning the number of MoS2 layers precisely while obtaining small lateral sizes to surge the H2‐evolution rate is a tremendous challenge. Here, a bottom‐up strategy is designed for the in situ growth of ultrasmall lateral‐sized MoS2 with tunable layers on CdS nanorods (CN) by controlling the decomposition temperature and concentration of substrate seed (NH4)2MoS4. Here, the bilayer MoS2 and CN coupling (2L–MoS2/CN) exhibits the optimum photocatalytic activity. Compared to thicker MoS2, the 2L–MoS2 has sufficient reduction capacity to drive photocatalytic H2 evolution and the ultrasmall lateral size provides more active sites. Meanwhile, the indirect bandgap, in contrast to the direct bandgap of the monolayer MoS2, suppresses the carrier recombination transferred to 2L–MoS2. Under the synergistic effect of both, 2L–MoS2/CN has fast surface chemical reactions, resulting in the photocatalytic H2‐evolution rate of up to 41.86 mmol g−1 h−1. A novel strategy is provided here for tuning the MoS2 layers to achieve efficient H2 evolution.
Decreasing the Carrier Concentration of ZrNiSn: An Opposite Way to the Best N‐Type Half‐Heusler Thermoelectrics
Authors: Dong Zirui , Wang Chenxin , Chen Jiajun , Li Zhili , Dai Shengnan , Yan Xin , Zhang Jiye , Yang Jiong , Zhai Qijie , Luo Jun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractN‐type ZrNiSn‐based alloys reach a record thermoelectric figure of merit zT ≈1.2 by increasing the carrier concentration to 4–5 × 1020 cm−3. In this work, It is reported that a comparable zT can also be realized in trace Ru‐doped ZrNiSn‐based alloy at even lower temperature by decreasing the carrier concentration. Compared to the previously reported Co doping, the doping of Ru results in a more effective reduction in carrier concentration, and thus higher Seebeck coefficient, lower electronic thermal conductivity, and enhanced thermoelectric performance. The electronic specific heat coefficient of the ZrNi1‐xRuxSn sample remains constant with increasing Ru content, indicating no obvious change in the density of states effective mass. Theoretical calculations show that the doping of Ru has negligible effect on the bottom of conduction band. The lattice thermal conductivity is further reduced by alloying Ti and Hf at the Zr site, and the bipolar diffusion is suppressed by doping of 0.5 at.% Sb. As a result, Ti0.25Zr0.5Hf0.25Ni0.99Ru0.01Sn0.995Sb0.005 reaches not only a zT value of 1.1 at 773 K but also a record average zT value of 0.8 in 300 to 873 K, demonstrating the effectiveness of trace Ru doping on boosting the thermoelectric performance of ZrNiSn‐based alloys.
Multi‐stakeholder structured dialogues: Five generations of evolution of dialogic design
Authors: Laouris Yiannis , Dye Kevin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe paper reviews the evolution of Interactive Management, later referred to as Structured Democratic Dialogue, starting from the early 1970s up to this date. The authors propose a generational classification scheme consisting of five periods based primarily on whether some or all stages of the process were implemented synchronously or asynchronously and whether the participants' presence was physical, virtual or hybrid. Other aspects such as modifications in the steps of the process; the evolution of the software; domains of applications; file management; methods of collecting or recording contributions, votes, clarifications and preparation of reports; and key players are also considered and reported within the context of the primary scheme. The paper considers key advances achieved at each generational stage in terms of process or software, discusses associated challenges and concludes with a view towards the future of the emerging fifth generation.
Why TESOL Textbooks Are the Way they Are: The Constraints of Writing for a Global Audience
Authors: Yıldız Abdullah , Harwood Nigel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMaterials development in TESOL has been gaining popularity as a field of study for the last few decades. TESOL materials research as an area of inquiry includes studies focusing on textbook content (e.g., grammar, cultural representation, and authenticity), consumption (use/adaptation of materials by learners and teachers), and production (design and publication) of materials (Harwood, 2014a,b). Materials production is the most neglected of these three areas of research, although it is considered vital to understand how materials are produced and shaped into textbooks that are used in almost every classroom around the world (Harwood, 2010, 2014b; Tomlinson & Masuhara, 2017:145). The present research draws upon interviews with six authors working for different international publishing houses who spoke about the various constraints associated with authoring global textbooks, which are sold around the world. The authors described constraints associated with publishers' preference for international rather than regional or local materials, tight deadlines, publisher‐led rather than author‐led models of production, the constraining influence of teacher and market representative feedback on draft materials, and constraints associated with taboo topics debarred from the materials. These formidable constraints reduce the role of authors in decision‐making, hindering attempts to create more carefully crafted products, and we suggest that textbook publishers need to reconsider their production processes as part of a drive to enhance the quality of the global textbook.
Who Is Doing Science? Using Science Texts to Open Spaces that Expand the Voices and Perspectives in Elementary Classrooms
Authors: O'Brien Lisa M. , Ford‐Connors Evelyn , Gatling Anne , Boyle Elizabeth , Copelas Kristina , Langenfeld Margaret 
Published: September 2023

AbstractScience texts tend to privilege the voices, perspectives, and practices of White males (e.g., Ford, 2006), reinforcing widely‐held perceptions of scientists as White men. This narrow portrayal of who “does science” discourages BIPOC or female students from building a science identity (Archer et al., 2015), with many such students also viewing science as difficult or undesirable (Brickhouse et al., 2000). We argue that intentional positioning of science text written by or about BIPOC or female figures in science and literacy instruction not only helps all students develop science and literacy skills and knowledge, but leads to more expansive views of who “does science” and fosters students’ science identities. Our purpose in this article is to help teachers identify and incorporate expansive informational texts and position these texts within sound science and literacy instruction. We draw from the Next Generation Science Standards to describe ways to develop students’ science identities and then provide teachers guidance for selecting and intentionally positioning expansive science texts in their instruction, with examples of text sets that teachers can use in their classrooms.
Reframing Schools: What Has Been Learned and Remains in the Post-COVID-19 Period in Portugal
Authors: Costa Estela , Baptista Mónica 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study aims to analyze the policy measures adopted by the Portuguese government after the pandemic and examine teachers’ perspectives on school responses regarding these policy measures. A qualitative and interpretative methodology was used based on an analysis of official and public documents from the Ministry of Education. Interviews were also conducted with 12 teachers from various Portuguese schools. The results show that the policy measures implemented during the first period of confinement continued and were extended into the second period. To respond to the pandemic, various resources were offered to help solve teaching problems, as well as digital training for teachers. Following the pandemic, the strategy was to create a single instrument to bring together a set of initiatives developed during the pandemic. Results showed that these initiatives were positively received by the schools, according to teachers. Furthermore, the COVID-19 crisis inevitably forced schools to try to do things differently. The role of public authorities was essential because of their organizing power with schools. These public authorities adjusted and tailored their determinations and recommendations and selected the solutions they considered best responded to their internal needs. Likewise, schools created local innovations by adapting or creating new solutions.
Quantum master equation for the vacuum decay dynamics
Authors: Wang Hong , Wang Jin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The quantum master equation required to describe the dynamics of gravity-related vacuum decay is still challenging. We aim to study this issue. Our model consists of the spacetime and scalar field with self-interaction potential. The environment is chosen as spacetime while the system is formed by the vacua of the scalar field. We demonstrate that the quantum dynamics of the vacua can be described by the Redfield equation, which can depict the evolution of both coherence and the comoving volume fraction of the vacuum. Under the Markovian limit, coherence monotonically decreases with time, leading to the initial quantum state to decohere into a classical state. This helps the understanding of the decoherence of the universe. We also highlight that in certain circumstances, the evolution of the vacuum system may display non-Markovian dynamics. In specific scenarios, the classical limit of the quantum master equation is consistent with the classical master equation. In the steady state, the dominant vacuum corresponds to the smallest cosmological constant, and various dS vacua can reach equilibrium states.
Explaining the $$ {B}_{d,s}\to {K}^{\left(\ast \right)}{\overline{K}}^{\left(\ast \right)} $$ non-leptonic puzzle and charged-current B-anomalies via scalar leptoquarks
Authors: Lizana Javier M. , Matias Joaquim , Stefanek Ben A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We present a model based on S1 scalar leptoquarks to solve the tension observed in the recently proposed non-leptonic optimized observables $$ {L}_{K^{\ast }{\overline{K}}^{\ast }} $$

L

K
∗

K
¯

∗

and $$ {L}_{K\overline{K}} $$

L

K

K
¯

. These observables are constructed as ratios of U-spin related decays based on $$ {B}_{d,s}^0\to {K}^{\left(\ast \right)0}{\overline{K}}^{\left(\ast \right)0} $$

B

d
,
s

0

→

K

∗

0

K
¯

∗

0

. The model gives a one-loop contribution to the Wilson coefficient of the chromomagnetic dipole operator needed to explain the tension in both non-leptonic observables, while naturally avoiding large contributions to the corresponding electromagnetic dipoles. The necessary chiral enhancement comes from an O(1) Yukawa coupling with a TeV-scale right-handed neutrino running in the loop. We endow the model with a U(2) flavor symmetry, necessary to protect light-family flavor observables that otherwise would be in tension. Furthermore, we show that the same S1 scalar leptoquark is capable of simultaneously explaining the hints of lepton flavor universality violation observed in charged-current B-decays. The model therefore provides a potential link between two puzzles in B-physics and TeV-scale neutrino mass generation. Finally, the combined explanation of the B-physics puzzles unavoidably results in an enhancement of $$ \mathcal{B}\left(B\to K\nu \overline{\nu}\right) $$
B

B
→
Kν

ν
¯

, yielding a value close to present bounds.
A constructive solution to the cosmological bootstrap
Authors: Bissi Agnese , Sarkar Sourav 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper we revisit a generalised crossing equation that follows from harmonic analysis on the conformal group, and is of particular interest for the cosmological bootstrap programme. We present an exact solution to this equation, for dimensions two or higher, in terms of 6j symbols of the Euclidean conformal group, and discuss its relevance. In the process we provide a detailed derivation of the analogue of the Biedenharn-Elliot identity for said 6j symbols.
Inflation correlators at the one-loop order: nonanalyticity, factorization, cutting rule, and OPE
Authors: Qin Zhehan , Xianyu Zhong-Zhi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Inflation correlators with one-loop massive exchange encode rich information about the dynamics of the massive loop particles. Their nonanalytic behavior in certain soft limits leads to characteristic oscillatory pattern, which is the leading signal of many particle models of cosmological collider physics. In this work, we investigate systematically such nonanalyticity for arbitrary one-particle-irreducible (1PI) one-loop correlators in various soft limits. With the partial Mellin-Barnes representation, we present and prove a factorization theorem and a cutting rule for arbitrary 1PI one-loop inflation correlators, which is reminiscent of the on-shell cutting rule for flat-space scattering amplitudes. We also show how to understand this factorization theorem from the viewpoint of operator product expansion on the future boundary. As an application of the one-loop factorization theorem, we derive new analytic and exact formulae for nonlocal cosmological collider signals for massive one-loop four-point inflation correlators of all possible 1PI topologies, including the bubble, the triangle, and the box graphs. Finally, we show how to push the computation of nonlocal signals to higher orders in the momentum ratio.
q deformed formulation of Hamiltonian SU(3) Yang-Mills theory
Authors: Hayata Tomoya , Hidaka Yoshimasa 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We study SU(3) Yang-Mills theory in (2 + 1) dimensions based on networks of Wilson lines. With the help of the q deformation, networks respect the (discretized) SU(3) gauge symmetry as a quantum group, i.e., SU(3)k, and may enable implementations of SU(3) Yang-Mills theory in quantum and classical algorithms by referring to those of the stringnet model. As a demonstration, we perform a mean-field computation of the groundstate of SU(3)k Yang-Mills theory, which is in good agreement with the conventional Monte Carlo simulation by taking sufficiently large k. The variational ansatz of the mean-field computation can be represented by the tensor networks called infinite projected entangled pair states. The success of the mean-field computation indicates that the essential features of Yang-Mills theory are well described by tensor networks, so that they may be useful in numerical simulations of Yang-Mills theory.
Hierarchical high-point Energy Flow Network for jet tagging
Authors: Shen Wei , Wang Daohan , Yang Jin Min 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Jet substructure observable basis is a systematic and powerful tool for analyzing the internal energy distribution of constituent particles within a jet. In this work, we propose a novel method to insert neural networks into jet substructure basis as a simple yet efficient interpretable IRC-safe deep learning framework to discover discriminative jet observables. The Energy Flow Polynomial (EFP) could be computed with a certain summation order, resulting in a reorganized form which exhibits hierarchical IRC-safety. Thus inserting non-linear functions after the separate summation could significantly extend the scope of IRC-safe jet substructure observables, where neural networks can come into play as an important role. Based on the structure of the simplest class of EFPs which corresponds to path graphs, we propose the Hierarchical Energy Flow Networks and the Local Hierarchical Energy Flow Networks. These two architectures exhibit remarkable discrimination performance on the top tagging dataset and quark-gluon dataset compared to other benchmark algorithms even only utilizing the kinematic information of constituent particles.
A Moment Map for Twisted-Hamiltonian Vector Fields on Locally Conformally Kähler Manifolds
Authors: Angella Daniele , Calamai Simone , Pediconi Francesco , Spotti Cristiano 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe extend the classical Donaldson-Fujiki interpretation of the scalar curvature as moment map in Kähler geometry to the wider framework of locally conformally Kähler geometry.
Gesundheit von Menschen mit ausgewählten Staatsangehörigkeiten in Deutschland: Prävalenzen nichtübertragbarer Erkrankungen und damit assoziierte soziale sowie migrationsbezogene Faktoren
Authors: Bartig Susanne , Bug Marleen , Koschollek Carmen , Kajikhina Katja , Blume Miriam , Siegert Manuel , Heidemann Christin , Walther Lena , Neuhauser Hannelore , Hövener Claudia 
Published: September 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Gesundheitliche Chancen und Risiken werden durch eine Vielzahl von Faktoren beeinflusst. Der Beitrag zielt darauf ab, die Gesundheit von Menschen mit ausgewählten Staatsangehörigkeiten anhand nichtübertragbarer Erkrankungen (chronische Krankheit oder lang andauerndes gesundheitliches Problem allgemein, koronare Herzkrankheit, Diabetes mellitus, Depression) zu beschreiben und assoziierte Faktoren zu identifizieren.

Methoden
Die Analysen basieren auf Daten der multimodalen, mehrsprachigen Befragungsstudie „Gesundheit in Deutschland aktuell: Fokus“ (GEDA Fokus), die unter 18- bis 79-Jährigen mit italienischer, kroatischer, polnischer, syrischer oder türkischer Staatsangehörigkeit deutschlandweit durchgeführt wurde (11/2021–05/2022). Um Zusammenhänge zwischen den nichtübertragbaren Erkrankungen und sozialen sowie migrationsbezogenen Merkmalen zu untersuchen, wurden Prevalence Ratios und 95 %-Konfidenzintervalle mittels Poisson-Regressionen berechnet.

Ergebnisse
Insbesondere ein geringes Zugehörigkeitsgefühl zur Gesellschaft in Deutschland sowie selbstberichtete Diskriminierungserfahrungen im Alltag sind mit höheren Prävalenzen einer chronischen Erkrankung oder eines lang andauernden gesundheitlichen Problems und – gemäß selbstberichteten ärztlichen Diagnosen – mit einer Depression sowie zum Teil mit einer koronaren Herzerkrankung und einem Diabetes assoziiert.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse verweisen auf gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten unter Menschen mit ausgewählten Staatsangehörigkeiten, die – vor dem Hintergrund der Bedeutung des subjektiven Zugehörigkeitsgefühls zur Gesellschaft in Deutschland und der selbstberichteten Diskriminierungserfahrungen für die betrachteten nichtübertragbaren Erkrankungen – möglicherweise auf eingeschränkte Teilhabechancen und gesellschaftliche Ausschlussmechanismen hindeuten.