bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A network of DZF proteins controls alternative splicing regulation and fidelity
Authors: Haque Nazmul , Will Alexander , Cook Atlanta G , Hogg J Robert 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Proteins containing DZF (domain associated with zinc fingers) modules play important roles throughout gene expression, from transcription to translation. Derived from nucleotidyltransferases but lacking catalytic residues, DZF domains serve as heterodimerization surfaces between DZF protein pairs. Three DZF proteins are widely expressed in mammalian tissues, ILF2, ILF3 and ZFR, which form mutually exclusive ILF2–ILF3 and ILF2–ZFR heterodimers. Using eCLIP-Seq, we find that ZFR binds across broad intronic regions to regulate the alternative splicing of cassette and mutually exclusive exons. ZFR preferentially binds dsRNA in vitro and is enriched on introns containing conserved dsRNA elements in cells. Many splicing events are similarly altered upon depletion of any of the three DZF proteins; however, we also identify independent and opposing roles for ZFR and ILF3 in alternative splicing regulation. Along with widespread involvement in cassette exon splicing, the DZF proteins control the fidelity and regulation of over a dozen highly validated mutually exclusive splicing events. Our findings indicate that the DZF proteins form a complex regulatory network that leverages dsRNA binding by ILF3 and ZFR to modulate splicing regulation and fidelity.
Bernanke and Kindleberger on financial crises, 1978–2003
Authors: Carré Emmanuel , Le Maux Laurent 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ben Bernanke and Charles Kindleberger both studied financial crises. One interpretation in monetary macroeconomics associates them over their endorsement of the credit view as opposed to the money view. We suggest another interpretation and compare their contributions on financial crises more closely. This comparison makes all the more sense as the two authors were engaged in a discussion that the literature has not studied in depth, but that forms the Ariadne’s thread of our investigation. We show that the difference did not so much concern the distinction between rationality and irrationality hypothesis, or between policy and market failure, as the distinction between exogeneity and endogeneity of financial crises. Bernanke rested on the assumption of any kind of exogenous shocks and studied their effects on credit intermediation, whereas Kindleberger analysed credit intermediation throughout the financial cycle and pointed out the causes of financial crises as the culmination of the endogenous process.
911 Usage by Boston Public Schools: A Researcher–Practitioner Partnership
Authors: Morabito Melissa S , Green Jennifer Greif , Savage Jenna , Battal Jill , Walker Whitney 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
To reduce police presence in schools, School Resource Officer programmes are being eliminated across the USA. However, police also become involved in schools through other routes—namely, in response to school calls to 911. This type of police involvement has generally been overlooked in prior studies of school use of police services. In addition, prior research has primarily relied on interview and survey data of school administrators. We describe a researcher–practitioner partnership created to address the limitations of this prior research and to answer foundational questions from one urban school district—Boston Public Schools (BPS)—about police involvement in schools through calls to 911. First, we discuss ongoing collaborative work conducted among the Boston Police Department (BPD), BPS, and academic partners. Next, we provide an example of how this partnership can address pressing questions identified by BPS by providing the results of an analysis of 911 calls. In particular, we examine the ways in which elementary versus secondary schools in the BPS system differ in their patterns of 911 usage across schools when requesting assistance from the BPD. This work provides an example of how researcher–practitioner partnerships can inform policy and practice in schools, and guide decision-making about school-based police services.
Association of anti-TPM4 autoantibodies with vasculopathic cutaneous manifestations in juvenile dermatomyositis
Authors: Karasawa Rie , Yudoh Kazuo , Sato Toshiko , Tanaka Megumi , Sabbagh Sara E , Flegel Willy A , Mammen Andrew L , Jarvis James N , Rider Lisa G ,   for the Childhood Myositis Heterogeneity Study Group, Arabshahi Bita , Bingham April , Cartwright Victoria , Curiel Rodolfo , DeGuzman Marietta M , Eberhard Barbara Anne , Edelheit Barbara S , Finkel Terri H , Hannan William , Henrickson Michael , Huber Adam M , Jansen Anna , Klein Steven J , Lang Bianca , Lindsley Carol B , Mamyrova Gulnara , Miller Frederick W , Mitchell Stephen R , Nanda Kabita , Farhadi Payam Noroozi , Passo Murray H , Person Donald A , Ronis Tova , Schiffenbauer Adam , Shaham Bracha , Stoll Matthew L , Sule Sangeeta H , Targoff Ira N , Vogelgesang Scott A , Volochayev Rita , Wargula Jennifer C , Weiss Pamela 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
AECAs are detected in multiple forms of vasculitis or vasculopathy, including JDM. High levels of tropomyosin alpha-4 chain (TPM4) gene expression in cutaneous lesions and TPM4 protein expression in some endothelial cells (ECs) have been proven. Furthermore, the presence of autoantibodies to tropomyosin proteins have been discovered in DM. We therefore investigated whether anti-TPM4 autoantibodies are an AECA in JDM and are correlated with clinical features of JDM.

Methods
The expression of TPM4 protein in cultured normal human dermal microvascular ECs was investigated by Western blotting. Plasma samples from 63 children with JDM, 50 children with polyarticular JIA (pJIA) and 40 healthy children (HC) were tested for the presence of anti-TPM4 autoantibodies using an ELISA. Clinical features were compared between JDM patients with and without anti-TPM4 autoantibodies.

Results
Autoantibodies to TPM4 were detected in the plasma of 30% of JDM, 2% of pJIA (P &lt; 0.0001) and 0% of HC (P &lt; 0.0001). In JDM, anti-TPM4 autoantibodies were associated with the presence of cutaneous ulcers (53%; P = 0.02), shawl sign rash (47%; P = 0.03), mucous membrane lesions (84%; P = 0.04) and subcutaneous edema (42%; P &lt; 0.05). Anti-TPM4 autoantibodies significantly correlated with the use of intravenous steroids and IVIG therapy in JDM (both P = 0.01). The total number of medications received was higher in patients with anti-TPM4 autoantibodies (P = 0.02).

Conclusion
Anti-TPM4 autoantibodies are detected frequently in children with JDM and are novel myositis-associated autoantibodies. Their presence correlates with vasculopathic and other cutaneous manifestations of JDM that may be indicative of more refractory disease.
Policy entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial strategies, and institutional contexts in Interreg Europe
Authors: Morisson Arnault , Petridou Evangelia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In their efforts to affect policy change, policy entrepreneurs employ a series of strategies, which have been well documented in the literature. However, little is known regarding the relationship between the types of strategies policy entrepreneurs use and the institutional contexts in which they operate. The Interreg Europe programme aims to promote policy changes and thus offers a space for policy learning and experimentation to policy entrepreneurs. Using a mixed methodology that includes a survey addressed to the sixty-five Interreg Europe projects in research and innovation during the programming period 2014–20 and twelve follow-up semi-structured interviews, this article explores the strategies used by policy entrepreneurs in different institutional contexts. The study, rare in the policy entrepreneurship scholarship with its quantitative aspects, highlights the most widely-used strategies by policy entrepreneurs in research and innovation policy changes. Findings suggest that the strategy of storytelling is more widely used in high-innovator regions than in low-innovator regions and in Northern European regions compared to Southern European regions. Moreover, policy entrepreneurs who employ the storytelling strategy find it easier to introduce a policy change.
The influence of the leading-edge angle of subgrade on the aerodynamic loads of a high-speed train in a wind tunnel
Authors: Yang Zeyun , Xu Gang , Wu Fan , Zhang Lei , Du Jian , Vainchtein Dmitri 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to establish the correlation between the boundary layer over the subgrade and the aerodynamic loads acting on the train model in conventional wind tunnel tests. Firstly, flow characteristics around the subgrade with different leading-edge angles (15°, 30° and 45°) are investigated through the particle image velocimetry (PIV) experimental test method. Then, wind tunnel tests of the aerodynamic performance of a high-speed train are carried out. The results are compared with previous experimental data obtained by moving model tests. Results show that, due to the presence of a boundary layer, the pressure acting on the lower part of the train head decreases, while other locations are not significantly affected. This is the reason for the reduction of the aerodynamic drag and lift on the train. In addition, the reduction effects become more obvious when the thickness of the boundary layer increases. The experimental results obtained could serve as a calibration of aerodynamic forces for wind tunnel tests on high-speed trains.
Commercial Hard Squash Cultivars Exhibit Differences in Susceptibility to Phytophthora Crown Rot
Authors: Perla David E. , Hayden Zachary D. , Hausbeck Mary K. 
Published: May 2023

Crown rot and fruit rot, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora capsici, limit the yield and quality of hard squash grown for processing. In a 2-year field study, we compared four Butternut types ( Cucurbita moschata), two Delicious varietal Hubbard types ( Cucurbita maxima), and six Kabocha types ( C. maxima) for crown rot resistance and fruit characteristics relevant to processing including mesocarp soluble solids, percentage of dry matter, and average fruit weight in 2019 and 2020. To evaluate crown rot, plants were inoculated in replicated field trials. The C. moschata cultivars Dickinson, Buckskin, New England Cheddar, and Ultra Butternut had significantly less plant death in both years (<15%) than other cultivars. Significantly fewer Thunder plants died in 2020 (59.6%) compared with the Kabocha cultivars Sweet Mama (>94.2%), Delica (≥92.3%), and Sunshine (≥90.4%) and had a lower relative area under the disease progress curve value (≤22.4) in both years. In noninoculated field trials, mature fruits were assessed for fruit characteristics. Of the resistant C. moschata cultivars, only Ultra Butternut exhibited similar °Brix to NK 580 in both years and had comparable or greater dry matter and fruit weight. Kabocha cultivars with moderate crown rot susceptibility (i.e., Thunder) exhibited higher °Brix and dry matter and smaller fruit weight compared with NK 580 each year. Integrated management programs can be advanced by selecting cultivars with crown rot resistance. Further evaluation of desirable yield and quality characteristics of the resistant cultivars could accelerate acceptance of these cultivars by growers and processors.
Residents, Responsibility, and Error: How Residents Learn to Navigate the Intersection
Authors: Shepherd Lisa , Chilton Stephanie , Cristancho Sayra M. 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
As a competency of Canadian postgraduate education, residents are expected to be able to promptly disclose medical errors and assume responsibility for and take steps to remedy these errors. How residents, vulnerable through their inexperience and hierarchical team position, navigate the highly emotional event of medical error is underexplored. This study examined how residents experience medical error and learn to become responsible for patients who have faced a medical error.

Method
Nineteen residents from a breadth of specialties and years of training at a large Canadian university residency program were recruited to participate in semistructured interviews between July 2021 and May 2022. The interviews probed their experience of caring for patients who had experienced a medical error. Data collection and analysis were conducted iteratively using a constructivist grounded theory method with themes identified through constant comparative analysis.

Results
Participants described their process of conceptualizing error that evolved throughout residency. Overall, the participants described a framework for how they experienced error and learned to care for both their patients and themselves following a medical error. They outlined their personal development of understanding error, how role modeling influenced their thinking about error, their recognition of the challenge of navigating a workplace environment full of opportunities for error, and how they sought emotional support in the aftermath.

Conclusions
Teaching residents to avoid making errors is important, but it cannot replace the critical task of supporting them both clinically and emotionally when errors inevitably occur. A better understanding of how residents learn to manage and become responsible for medical error exposes the need for formal training as well as timely, explicit discussion and emotional support both during and after the event. As in clinical management, graded independence in error management is important and should not be avoided because of faculty discomfort.
Detecting the Change in Total Circulatory Flow with a Wireless, Wearable Doppler Ultrasound Patch: A Pilot Study
Authors: Munding Chelsea E. , Kenny Jon-Émile S. , Yang Zhen , Clarke Geoffrey , Elfarnawany Mai , Eibl Andrew M. , Eibl Joseph K. , Nalla Bhanu , Atoui Rony 
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE:
Measuring fluid responsiveness is important in the management of critically ill patients, with a 10–15% change in cardiac output typically being used to indicate “fluid responsiveness.” Ideally, these changes would be measured noninvasively and peripherally. The aim of this study was to determine how the common carotid artery (CCA) maximum velocity changes with total circulatory flow when confounding factors are mitigated and determine a value for CCA maximum velocity corresponding to a 10% change in total circulatory flow.

DESIGN:
Prospective observational pilot study.

SETTING:
Patients undergoing elective, on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery.

PATIENTS:
Fourteen patients were referred for elective coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.

INTERVENTIONS:
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) pump flow changes during surgery, as chosen by the perfusionist.

MEASUREMENTS:
A hands-free, wearable Doppler patch was used for CCA velocity measurements with the aim of preventing user errors in ultrasound measurements. Maximum CCA velocity was determined from the spectrogram acquired by the Doppler patch. CPB flow rates were recorded as displayed on the CPB console, and further measured from the peristaltic pulsation frequency visible on the recorded Doppler spectrograms.

MAIN RESULTS:
Changes in CCA maximum velocity tracked well with changes in CPB flow. On average, a 13.6% change in CCA maximum velocity was found to correspond to a 10% change in CPB flow rate.

CONCLUSIONS:
Changes in CCA velocity may be a useful surrogate for determining fluid responsiveness when user error can be mitigated.
Screening approaches for cervical cancer in Mozambique in HIV positive and negative women
Authors: Sineque Alberto , Catalao Carlos , Ceffa Susanna , Fonseca Ana Maria , Parruque Fernanda , Guidotti Giovanni , Massango Cacilda , Carrilho Carla , Bicho Clara , Rangeiro Ricardina , Orlando Stefano , Marazzi Maria Cristina , Lorenzoni Cesaltina , Ciccacci Fausto 
Published: May 2023

Objective
Cervical cancer (CC) is a global health issue, in Mozambique, 5300 new cases and 3800 deaths are reported each year. The WHO recommends the introduction of HPV molecular testing for CC screening, but Mozambique uses an approach based on visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA). This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of high-risk HPV (hrHPV) testing compared to actual approaches in Mozambique.

Methods
An observational study was carried out in the DREAM center in Zimpeto, Mozambique. Women aged 30–55 were included. HPV testing was performed with the Cobas HPV test. They were then screened with the current national recommendations based on VIA. Cryotherapy was performed on-site or referred for colposcopy if necessary.

Results
In the period, 1207 women were enrolled, 47.8% HIV+; 124 (10.3%) VIA+, and HPV DNA test was positive in 325 (26.9%) women. HPV positivity rates were higher in HIV-infected women. In the sample, 52.8% of the 124 VIA+ women were HPV uninfected and underwent unnecessary cryotherapy or colposcopy. Meanwhile, 24.7% of the 1083 VIA− women were actually HPV infected. In comparison, a screen, triage and treat approach based on hrHPV testing would only test and treat the 325 HPV-infected women.

Conclusion
The study found high rates of hrHPV infection, particularly in HIV-positive women, with many concurrent or multiple infections. The current screening method misses important hrHPV infections and results in many unnecessary treatments. These results support the use of HPV molecular testing as the initial screening test for CC.
Clinical Characteristics and Survival Analysis of Patients With Second Primary Malignancies After Hepatocellular Carcinoma Liver Transplantation
Authors: Ding Qingbao , Wang Keyu , Li Yupeng , Peng Peng , Zhang Dongyuan , Chang Donglei , Wang Wentao , Ren Lei , Tang Fang , Li Ziqiang 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Second primary malignancies (SPMs) after liver transplantation (LT) are becoming the leading causes of death in LT recipients. The purpose of this study was to explore prognostic factors for SPMs and to establish an overall survival nomogram.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted of data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database on adult patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma who had undergone LT between 2004 and 2015. Cox regression analysis was used to explore the independent prognostic factors for SPMs. Nomogram was constructed using R software to predict the overall survival at 2, 3, and 5 years. The concordance index, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the clinical prediction model.

Results:
Data from a total of 2078 patients were eligible, of whom 221 (10.64%) developed SPMs. A total of 221 patients were split into a training cohort (n=154) or a validation cohort (n=67) with a 7:3 ratio. The 3 most common SPMs were lung cancer, prostate cancer, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Age at initial diagnosis, marital status, year of diagnosis, T stage, and latency were the prognostic factors for SPMs. The C-index of the nomogram for overall survival in the training and validation cohorts were 0.713 and 0.729, respectively.

Conclusions:
We analyzed the clinical characteristics of SPMs and developed a precise prediction nomogram, with a good predictive performance. The nomogram we developed may help clinicians provide personalized decisions and clinical treatment for LT recipients.
The severity of COVID-19 across the spectrum of HIV
Authors: Miller Kathleen W. , Gandhi Rajesh T. 
Published: May 2023

Purpose of review
We review the intersection between the HIV and COVID-19 pandemics, particularly the impact of HIV infection on the development of severe COVID-19.

Recent findings
Studies early in the COVID-19 pandemic did not find a clear link between HIV infection and increased COVID-19 severity or mortality. People with HIV (PWH) were more likely to have severe COVID-19, but much of the risk for worse outcomes was related to high rates of comorbidities and social determinants of health. Although comorbidities and social determinants of health are certainly critically important reasons for severe COVID-19 among PWH, recent large studies have found HIV infection – particularly when the CD4 cell count is low or HIV RNA is not suppressed – is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 severity. The link between HIV and severe COVID-19 highlights the need to diagnose and treat HIV as well as the importance of COVID-19 vaccination and treatment among PWH.

Summary
People with HIV have faced increased challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic because of high rates of comorbidities and social determinants of health as well as the impact of HIV on COVID-19 severity. Information on the intersection of the two pandemics has been crucial to improving care for people with HIV.
Assessing the astigmatism-reducing effect of toric intraocular lenses in eyes with low astigmatism: randomized masked bilateral comparison
Authors: Hienert Julius , Ruiss Manuel , Hirnschall Nino , Findl Oliver 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the astigmatism-reducing effect of toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) for low amounts of corneal astigmatism.

Setting:
Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria.

Design:
Randomized, masked, controlled trial with bilateral comparison.

Methods:
Patients scheduled for bilateral cataract surgery and a corneal astigmatism in both eyes between 0.75 diopters (D) and 1.5 D were included in this study. The first eye was randomized to receive either a toric IOL or a nontoric IOL, and the contralateral eye received the other type of IOL. At the follow-up visits, optical biometry, corneal measurements with tomography and topography, autorefraction, subjective refraction, corrected and uncorrected distance visual acuity (CDVA/UDVA) with ETDRS charts and a questionnaire were performed.

Results:
58 eyes were included in the study. Postoperative median UDVA was 0.00 (logMAR) in the toric eyes and 0.10 in the nontoric eyes (P = .03). The median CDVA was 0.00 in both groups (P = .60). Median residual astigmatism determined by subjective refraction and autorefraction in the toric eyes was 0.25 D and 0.50 D, respectively (P = .04), and 0.50 D and 1.00 D in the nontoric eyes, respectively (P < .001).

Conclusions:
The use of a toric IOL appears to be appropriate from a threshold value of approximately 0.75 D preoperative corneal astigmatism. Further studies in a larger patient population are needed to confirm these results.