bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On a new methodology for testing full load responses of wind turbine drivetrains on a test bench
Authors: Siddiqui Muhammad Omer , Nejad Amir R. , Wenske Jan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractToday’s nacelle test benches are facing several challenges regarding meeting the increasing demands of modern wind turbines, which have been growing rapidly in operational range, size, and complexity. These challenges include reproducing the demanded extreme loads, dynamic load bandwidth, power capacity, and cost of testing. This contribution presents a new testing approach to tackle some of the aforementioned challenges faced by existing nacelle test benches. The method is demonstrated in a case study involving experimental measurements and simulations of a multi-megawatt wind turbine drivetrain recently tested at the DyNaLab of Fraunhofer IWES. By combining high-fidelity simulation models and partial load tests, the proposed approach has shown high potential for representing the full load response of a wind turbine nacelle. The proposed testing methodology has potential for resolving some of the challenges being faced by modern test benches in terms of obtaining full load responses on a nacelle test bench with a possibility of reducing the cost of testing.
Extension of the system boundary of the Digital Twin onto the sensors of the Physical Twin through the introduction of redundant soft sensors
Authors: Fett Michel , Turner Eleanor , Breimann Richard , Kirchner Eckhard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe benefit of Digital Twins depends to a large extent on the quality of the sensor data provided. In many cases, sensor failures are only detected late in operation which can lead to serious consequences. For this reason, one approach to reduce the resulting safety issues is to use redundant sensor systems that monitor the same measureand. However, due to the additional sensors required, this is associated with additional financial and design effort.In this publication an alternative strategy is presented, which provides a redundant sensor system with the help of soft sensors. Soft sensors use already installed physical sensors to anticipate a new measured variable via algorithms. They are often used to avoid placing sensors in inaccessible locations, but are used here to perform redundant computation of already existing metrics. The sensor data of physical and soft sensors are used as input variables for a Digital Twin. Here, these are compared with each other and can be critically questioned by the twin itself. This makes it possible to extend the system boundary of the Digital Twin to the sensors themselves and provided input variables can be checked for their validity. This allows sensor failures to be detected at an early stage and consequential damage to be averted.
Effects of wind field characteristics on pitch bearing reliability: a case study of 5 MW reference wind turbine at onshore and offshore sites
Authors: Rezaei Ashkan , Guo Yi , Keller Jonathan , Nejad Amir R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a study on pitch bearing basic rating life affected by wind field characteristics at both onshore and offshore wind sites. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory 5 MW reference wind turbine is selected for the study. Wind field characteristics including reference hub height mean wind speed, wind speed distribution, wind shear, and vertical inflow are studied. A decoupled approach is employed where global analysis is performed first. Second, the load effects from the global analysis are applied on a reference pitch bearing designed based on best industrial practices. For the case study onshore site, it is found that the Kernel density estimation best fits the wind distribution, while the International Electrotechnical Commission proposed distribution appears to be not suitable. Moreover, it is shown that the seed number has high effect on the bearing life in turbulence wind and the wind speeds around rated have the highest contribution in both bearing fatigue damage and extreme load failure. The results contribute to better understanding of the wind field characteristics on the pitch bearing life.
Outbreak of OXA-48-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a neonatal intensive care unit in Western Sweden
Authors: Hallbäck Erika Tång , Johnning Anna , Myhrman Sofia , Studahl Marie , Hentz Elisabet , Elfvin Anders , Adlerberth Ingegerd 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In 2015, an outbreak caused by OXA-48-producing Enterobacteriaceae affected a neonatal intensive care unit at a Swedish University Hospital. The aim was to explore the transmission of OXA-48-producing strains between infants and the transfer of resistance plasmids between strains during the outbreak. Twenty-four outbreak isolates from ten suspected cases were whole-genome sequenced. A complete assembly was created for the index isolate (Enterobacter cloacae) and used as a mapping reference to detect its plasmids in the remaining isolates (17 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 4 Klebsiella aerogenes, and 2 Escherichia coli). Strain typing was performed using core genome MLST and SNP analysis. As judged from sequencing and clinical epidemiological data, the outbreak involved nine cases (two developed sepsis) and four OXA-48-producing strains: E. cloacae ST1584 (index case), K. pneumoniae ST25 (eight cases), K. aerogenes ST93 (two cases), and E. coli ST453 (2 cases). Two plasmids from the index strain, pEclA2 and pEclA4, carrying blaOXA48 and blaCMY-4, respectively, were traced to all K. pneumoniae ST25 isolates. Klebsiella aerogenes ST93 and E. coli ST453 harboured either only pEclA2, or both pEclA2 and pEclA4. One suspected case harbouring OXA-162-producing K. pneumoniae ST37 could be excluded from the outbreak. Once initiated by an E. cloacae strain, the outbreak was caused by the dissemination of a K. pneumoniae ST25 strain and involved inter-species horizontal transfer of two resistance plasmids, one of which carried blaOXA-48. To our knowledge, this is the first description of an outbreak of OXA-48-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a neonatal setting in northern Europe.
Low-level cationisation of cotton opens a chemical saving route to salt free reactive dyeing
Authors: Setthayanond Jantip , Netzer Felix , Seemork Kattika , Suwanruji Potjanart , Bechtold Thomas , Pham Tung , Manian Avinash P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCationisation of cellulose fibres has been studied extensively as an alternative to permit salt free reactive dyeing, however chemical balances of the cationisation reaction often are not taken into account. The chemical consumption of cationisation processes described in the literature is substantial and often over-compensates savings in salt in a conventional reactive dyeing. Besides very high consumption of chemicals the high level of cationisation generates problems of uneven dyeings and shade variations. In a new approach low concentrations of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC) were applied in a pad batch cationisation process for cotton fabric to achieve a low level cationisation. The cationic group content of the processed fibres ranged from 5 to 79 mmol kg−1. Exhaust dyeing experiments with Reactive Blue 19 demonstrated that a salt free reactive dyeing is possible with low cationic group content 14 mmol kg−1. The optimised low-level cationisation reduces the overall chemical consumption of the reactive dyeing, and thus represents a cleaner alternative to present reactive dyeing operations which are based on addition of high amounts of salt.
Integrative comparative analysis of avian chromosome evolution by in-silico mapping of the gene ontology of homologous synteny blocks and evolutionary breakpoint regions
Authors: Claeys Jules , Romanov Michael N. , Griffin Darren K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAvian chromosomes undergo more intra- than interchromosomal rearrangements, which either induce or are associated with genome variations among birds. Evolving from a common ancestor with a karyotype not dissimilar from modern chicken, two evolutionary elements characterize evolutionary change: homologous synteny blocks (HSBs) constitute common conserved parts at the sequence level, while evolutionary breakpoint regions (EBRs) occur between HSBs, defining the points where rearrangement occurred. Understanding the link between the structural organization and functionality of HSBs and EBRs provides insight into the mechanistic basis of chromosomal change. Previously, we identified gene ontology (GO) terms associated with both; however, here we revisit our analyses in light of newly developed bioinformatic algorithms and the chicken genome assembly galGal6. We aligned genomes available for six birds and one lizard species, identifying 630 HSBs and 19 EBRs. We demonstrate that HSBs hold vast functionality expressed by GO terms that have been largely conserved through evolution. Particularly, we found that genes within microchromosomal HSBs had specific functionalities relevant to neurons, RNA, cellular transport and embryonic development, and other associations. Our findings suggest that microchromosomes may have conserved throughout evolution due to the specificity of GO terms within their HSBs. The detected EBRs included those found in the genome of the anole lizard, meaning they were shared by all saurian descendants, with others being unique to avian lineages. Our estimate of gene richness in HSBs supported the fact that microchromosomes contain twice as many genes as macrochromosomes.
Stochastic Approximation Procedures for Lévy-Driven SDEs
Authors: Seidler Jan , Týbl Ondřej 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe consider a continuous-time Robbins–Monro-type stochastic approximation procedure for a system described by a (multidimensional) stochastic differential equation driven by a general Lévy process, and we find sufficient conditions for its convergence in terms of Lyapunov functions. While the jump part of the noise may spoil convergence to the root of the drift in some cases, we show that by a suitable choice of noise coefficients we obtain convergence under hypotheses on the drift weaker than those used in the diffusion case or convergence to a selected root in the case of multiple roots of the drift.
Role of particle rotation in sheared granular media
Authors: Ali Usman , Kikumoto Mamoru , Cui Ying , Ciantia Matteo , Previtali Marco 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhen granular assemblies are subject to external loads or displacements, particles interact with each other through contact and may exhibit translations and rotations. From a micromechanical perspective, particle rotations are an essential mechanism influencing the macroscopic behavior of granular materials. In this study, biaxial shearing tests were conducted on assemblies of dual-sized circular particles at different confining pressures. A high-precision image analysis method was developed to extract the particle-level motion of all the particles, including the rotational behavior. Experimental results showed that most of the particles exhibited rotations. Particles within the shear band exhibited more significant rotations and were characterized by low connectivity (number of contacts per particle). In contrast, the particles outside the shear band rotated lesser, only in the beginning stage of shearing. Every rotation in either direction is accompanied by an opposite rotation of almost the same magnitude in the neighboring region, and rotation clusters have been observed. Rotations in both directions are normally distributed within the assembly, and the average particle rotation is zero. The average rotations in both directions evolve symmetrically with major principal strain. Generally, the rotation rate (degrees per incremental strain) is observed to be maximum at the start of the shearing, and gradually it becomes constant toward the end of the shearing. The average value of the absolute cumulative rotation observed for whole particles is 18.6° at the end of shearing, i.e., 20% deviatoric strain. Smaller size particles tend to exhibit 67% higher rotations than bigger particles. Confining pressures have no significant effect on the rotational behavior of circular particles.
Template-Based Modelling of the Structure of Fungal Effector Proteins
Authors: Rozano Lina , Jones Darcy A. B. , Hane James K. , Mancera Ricardo L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe discovery of new fungal effector proteins is necessary to enable the screening of cultivars for disease resistance. Sequence-based bioinformatics methods have been used for this purpose, but only a limited number of functional effector proteins have been successfully predicted and subsequently validated experimentally. A significant obstacle is that many fungal effector proteins discovered so far lack sequence similarity or conserved sequence motifs. The availability of experimentally determined three-dimensional (3D) structures of a number of effector proteins has recently highlighted structural similarities amongst groups of sequence-dissimilar fungal effectors, enabling the search for similar structural folds amongst effector sequence candidates. We have applied template-based modelling to predict the 3D structures of candidate effector sequences obtained from bioinformatics predictions and the PHI-BASE database. Structural matches were found not only with ToxA- and MAX-like effector candidates but also with non-fungal effector-like proteins—including plant defensins and animal venoms—suggesting the broad conservation of ancestral structural folds amongst cytotoxic peptides from a diverse range of distant species. Accurate modelling of fungal effectors were achieved using RaptorX. The utility of predicted structures of effector proteins lies in the prediction of their interactions with plant receptors through molecular docking, which will improve the understanding of effector–plant interactions.
Online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic: How university students’ perceptions, engagement, and performance are related to their personal characteristics
Authors: Kaspar Kai , Burtniak Kateryna , Rüth Marco 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUniversity students faced unexpected challenges in online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. Findings from early phases of the Covid-19 pandemic and before show that online learning experiences may vary from student to student and depend on several personal characteristics. However, the relative importance of different students’ personal characteristics for their online learning experiences at later phases of the Covid-19 pandemic is still unclear. This cross-sectional, correlational study investigates how personal characteristics of university students are related to five dimensions of online learning perception and to their engagement and performance in online courses. In an online survey, 413 students from German universities provided full information on their online learning experiences and personal characteristics in terms of demographic information, Big Five personality traits, self-regulation skills, three facets of self-efficacy, and two types of state anxiety. Results of multiple regression analyses show that students’ age was significantly positively related to all online learning perceptions and engagement in online courses. Our findings also confirm that self-regulation skills and academic and digital media self-efficacy are important factors in various online learning experiences. In contrast, students’ personality traits and state anxiety were less important for most online learning experiences. Noteworthy, several bivariate associations between personal characteristics and online learning experiences are not reflected in the multiple regression model. This underscores the need to consider relevant variables simultaneously to evaluate their relative importance and to identify key personal characteristics. Overall, our results show valuable starting points for theory development and educational interventions.
ESMO 2022: spotlight on new emerging treatment options in central nervous system tumors
Authors: Mair Maximilian J. , Berghoff Anna S. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryNearly 40 abstracts regarding tumors of the central nervous system were presented at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress in September 2022. While no practice-changing data were shown, interesting early phase clinical trial results on immune-modulating agents, targeted treatments and other therapeutic modalities were revealed (Table 1). In this short review, we aim to summarize our personal highlights of the presented data and outline future perspectives in the field.
Tongue Ties or Fragments Transformed: Making Sense of Similarities and Differences between the Five Largest English-Speaking Jewish Communities
Authors: Bankier-Karp Adina L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe subjects of Jewish identity and Jewish communal vitality, and how they may be conceptualized and measured, are the topics of lively debate among scholars of contemporary Jewry (DellaPergola 2015, 2020; Kosmin 2022; Pew Research Center 2021; Phillips 2022). Complicating matters, there appears to be a disconnect between the broadly accepted claim that comparative analysis yields richer understanding of Jewish communities (Cooperman 2016; Weinfeld 2020) and the reality that the preponderance of that research focuses on discrete communities. This paper examines the five largest English-speaking Jewish communities in the diaspora: the United States of America (US) (population 6,000,000–7,600,000), Canada (population 393,500), the United Kingdom (UK) (population 292,000), Australia (population 118,000), and South Africa (population 52,000) (DellaPergola 2022). A comparison of the five communities’ levels of Jewish engagement, and the identification of factors shaping these differences, are the main objectives of this paper. The paper first outlines conceptual and methodological issues involved in the study of contemporary Jewry; hierarchical linear modeling is proposed as the suitable statistical approach for this analysis, and ethnocultural and religious capital are promoted as suitable measures for studying Jewish engagement. Secondly, a contextualizing historical and sociodemographic overview of the five communities is presented, highlighting attributes which the communities have in common, and those which differentiate them. Statistical methods are then utilized to develop measures of Jewish capital, and to identify explanatory factors shaping the differences between these five communities in these measures of Jewish capital. To further the research agenda of communal and transnational research, this paper concludes by identifying questions that are unique to the individual communities studied, with a brief exploration of subjects that Jewish communities often neglect to examine and are encouraged to consider. This paper demonstrates the merits of comparative analysis and highlights practical and conceptual implications for future Jewish communal research.
Influence of ozone gas on the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) in stored wheat
Authors: Mahmoud M. A. , Abo Laban G. F. , Ibrahim I. S. , El-Dessouki W. A. , Metwaly K. H. , Saba R. M. , Zahra A. A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractKhapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts, 1898 (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) is one of the most notorious pests of stored grains. This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ozone against 2nd and 5th instars and adults of T. granarium in stored wheat kernels under laboratory conditions. Four ozone concentrations of 300, 600, 900, and 1200 parts per million by volume (ppmv) were used. The results revealed that the LC50 values were 249.76 ppmv for adult, 446.75 ppmv for 5th instar, and 275.30 ppmv for 2nd instar of T. granarium after 2 h exposure to ozone. No adults emerged when the ozone concentration was 1200 ppmv, while emergence was high in controls (91.20%) after a 1-h exposure period. The highest ozone concentration of 1200 ppmv resulted in strong grain protection against adult and 2nd and 5th instars, with a 0.63%, 0.73%, and 1.16% loss in grain weight, respectively. Chemical analysis of treated wheat kernels at a concentration of 1200 ppmv ozone showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in fat, moisture, ash, carbohydrate, fiber, and protein content of ozone-treated wheat kernels compared to untreated grain. Thus, ozone can be effectively used to control T. granarium and provides sufficient protection for stored wheat.
Co-designing innovative plantain cropping systems to support the diversity of agroecological pathways in Guadeloupe
Authors: Bezard Marie , Barlagne Carla , Diman Jean-Louis , Angeon Valérie , Morin Raphaël , Ozier-Lafontaine Harry , Andrieu Nadine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the French West Indies, and particularly in Guadeloupe, agricultural policies mainly support the banana and sugarcane export sectors. However, driven by consumer demand, policy-makers are increasingly interested in developing local and agroecological food systems. Plantain (Musa spp., AAB), cultivated by a wide range of farmers, plays a key role in the diversification of local production and food systems, contributing to food security. However, important gaps in knowledge about plantain cropping systems are hindering the understanding of their contribution to the agroecological transition of farms. Farmers are also requesting more guidance from technical advisers and research. The aim of the work, presented in this article, was to co-design agroecological plantain cropping systems with farmers in order to fill this knowledge gap and to support local food systems. The co-design process was based on the characterization of the diversity of plantain farming systems, the evaluation of changes in practices implemented between 2017 and 2019, and the co-design of a system experiment. We identified six types of plantain farming systems defined by the role of plantain in the production strategy of the farm and a gradient of agroecology in plantain management practices. Our results also show progress toward agroecology between 2017 and 2019. Four innovative plantain cropping systems were designed based on a combination of existing knowledge held by farmers from the six types of farming systems. These results confirm that plantain cropping systems are contributing to the agroecological transition of farms in Guadeloupe and highlight that there are multiple possible agroecological transition pathways for plantain farmers. These results also provide a concrete example of integration of academic and non-academic knowledge for the co-design of agroecological systems.