bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogel‐Based Strategies to Enhance T‐Cell Performance for Solid Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Oh Seung Won , Kim Pilnam 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe solid tumor microenvironment presents many challenges for immunotherapy that must be addressed for clinical relevance. This review will highlight research that has attempted to tackle these challenges and summarize recent therapeutic approaches to enhance both native and engineered T cell functions through hydrogel delivery. Different types of hydrogels are presented in this paper and organized based on purpose of the research: activation and expansion, delivery methods, co‐delivery of immunostimulating agents, and overcoming tumor microenvironment barriers. Perspectives in the future of solid cancer immunotherapy are also discussed to share opinion on necessary research for the success in this field.
Perivascular localized cells commit erythropoiesis in PDGF‐B‐expressing solid tumors
Authors: Hosaka Kayoko , Wang Chenchen , Zhang Shiyue , Lv Xue , Seki Takahiro , Zhang Yin , Jing Xu , Wu Jieyu , Du Qiqiao , He Xingkang , Fan Yulong , Li Xuan , Kondo Makoto , Yoshihara Masahito , Qian Hong , Shi Lihong , Zhu Ping , Xu Yuanfu , Yang Yunlong , Cheng Tao , Cao Yihai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundTumors possess incessant growth features, and expansion of their masses demands sufficient oxygen supply by red blood cells (RBCs). In adult mammals, the bone marrow (BM) is the main organ regulating hematopoiesis with dedicated manners. Other than BM, extramedullary hematopoiesis is discovered in various pathophysiological settings. However, whether tumors can contribute to hematopoiesis is completely unknown. Accumulating evidence shows that, in the tumor microenvironment (TME), perivascular localized cells retain progenitor cell properties and can differentiate into other cells. Here, we sought to better understand whether and how perivascular localized pericytes in tumors manipulate hematopoiesis.MethodsTo test if vascular cells can differentiate into RBCs, genome‐wide expression profiling was performed using mouse‐derived pericytes. Genetic tracing of perivascular localized cells employing NG2‐CreERT2:R26R‐tdTomato mouse strain was used to validate the findings in vivo. Fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS), single‐cell sequencing, and colony formation assays were applied for biological studies. The production of erythroid differentiation‐specific cytokine, erythropoietin (EPO), in TME was checked using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, magnetic‐activated cell sorting and immunohistochemistry. To investigate BM function in tumor erythropoiesis, BM transplantation mouse models were employed.ResultsGenome‐wide expression profiling showed that in response to platelet‐derived growth factor subunit B (PDGF‐B), neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2)+ perivascular localized cells exhibited hematopoietic stem and progenitor‐like features and underwent differentiation towards the erythroid lineage. PDGF‐B simultaneously targeted cancer‐associated fibroblasts to produce high levels of EPO, a crucial hormone that necessitates erythropoiesis. FACS analysis using genetic tracing of NG2+ cells in tumors defined the perivascular localized cell‐derived subpopulation of hematopoietic cells. Single‐cell sequencing and colony formation assays validated the fact that, upon PDGF‐B stimulation, NG2+ cells isolated from tumors acted as erythroblast progenitor cells, which were distinctive from the canonical BM hematopoietic stem cells.ConclusionsOur data provide a new concept of hematopoiesis within tumor tissues and novel mechanistic insights into perivascular localized cell‐derived erythroid cells within TME. Targeting tumor hematopoiesis is a novel therapeutic concept for treating various cancers that may have profound impacts on cancer therapy.
Complement, complosome, and complotype: A perspective
Authors: Singh Parul , Kemper Claudia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecent rapid progress in key technological advances, including the broader accessibility of single‐cell “omic” approaches, have allowed immunologists to gain important novel insights into the contributions of individual immune cells in protective immunity and immunopathologies. These insights also taught us that there is still much to uncover about the (cellular) networks underlying immune responses. For example, in the last decade, studies on a key component of innate immunity, the complement system, have defined intracellularly active complement (the complosome) as a key orchestrator of normal cell physiology. This added an unexpected facet to the biology of complement, which was long considered fully explored. Here, we will summarize succinctly the known activation modes and functions of the complosome and provide a perspective on the origins of intracellular complement. We will also make a case for extending assessments of the complotype, the individual inherited landscape of common variants in complement genes, to the complosome, and for reassessing patients with known serum complement deficiencies for complosome perturbations. Finally, we will discuss where we see current opportunities and hurdles for dissecting the compartmentalization of complement activities toward a better understanding of their contributions to cellular function in health and disease.
Explored potential hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and anti‐hyperuricemic components from Rheum tanguticum combing affinity ultrafiltration with four enzyme targets
Authors: Xu Yongbing , Chen Guilin , Guo Mingquan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDue to its variety of biological activities, rhubarb has been widely applied worldwide with a long history. However, the potential bioactive compounds in Rheum tanguticum responsible for hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and anti‐hyperuricemic activities as well as their underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In order to explore these specific multifunctional ingredients, the in vitro α‐glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibitory assays were first determined, and the results indicated that R. tanguticum possessed remarkable hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities. Then, 14, 23, 15, and 10 active compounds in R. tanguticum were fast screened out by employing the bio‐affinity ultrafiltration with LC‐MS (Liquid Chromatograph‐Mass Spectrometer) strategy, which displayed various binding abilities to α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase, lipase, and xanthine oxidase enzymes, respectively. Further verifications of potential bioactive ingredients were implemented by molecule docking and the enzyme inhibitory assays in vitro. At last, the first interaction network between multifunctional components in R. tanguticum and their targets was further constructed facilitating to decipher the underlying mechanisms of action regarding R. tanguticum. The present work suggests that R. tanguticum may be a promising natural therapeutics and have good potential to be developed to prevent and treat diabetes, obesity, and gout in the near future.
Intervention time modified the effect of inulin on high‐fat diet‐induced obesity and gut microbial disorders
Authors: Li Xiaofang , Chen Ping , Zhang Yingying , Zhang Jiaming , Shen Shanshan , Li Kaikai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractVarious epidemiological studies support that inulin improves the intestinal environment and decreases the risk of obesity. The same as host feeding rhythms, gut microbiota itself displays daily fluctuations in composition and function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of intervention time of inulin to alleviate high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity based on chrono‐nutrition. Male C57BL/6J mice were given HFD and gavaged inulin at light‐on time (HFM) or light‐off time (HFN) daily. Energy expenditure (EE), 16S rRNA sequencing in colonic contents, and short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) analysis were carried out after 12 weeks. Both in HFM and HFN group, the HFD‐induced weight gain was significantly reduced by 20.91% and 23.32%, and the mice in HFN group showed no significant difference in weight gain with the control group. Besides, mice in HFN group showed a tendency to increase EE and fecal SCFAs contents in addition to the relative content of colonic beneficial bacteria. As the light‐off period of mice is their active period, these results suggested that inulin intake at active period exhibited relatively stronger effects on ameliorating obesity and improving the gut microbial environment.
Mapping existing wellbore locations to compare technical risks between onshore and offshore CCS activities in Texas
Authors: Meckel Tip A. , Treviño Ramón H. , Hovorka Susan D. , Bump Alex P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCarbon dioxide capture and geologic storage (CCS; geologic sequestration) is a promising technology for reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere from industrial point sources. Aspects of CCS have been investigated for over two decades, and many large‐ and small‐scale geologic storage field demonstration projects are now underway globally. Interest in offshore CCS has been increasing in recent years (e.g., European Union, Australia, Japan, and the United States). Deep geologic storage in offshore settings is analogous to onshore CCS activities in many respects (i.e., geologic and geotechnical aspects), but is distinct from previously explored seabed sediment CO2 storage) or deep marine dissolution). Given the large subsurface geologic storage volumes available in offshore settings, much discussion of offshore CCS is focused on the benefits and risks of such activity compared to onshore settings. Similar to onshore settings, existing (legacy) wells likely present the most direct migration pathway and largest risk of noncontainment in offshore settings. As part of current studies to evaluate geologic storage options in offshore settings along the Texas coast and greater Gulf of Mexico (GoM), mapping of the geographic distribution and ages of wells in a region containing coastal counties and extending 30 miles offshore Texas indicates that both well spatial density and well age decrease moving from onshore to offshore. Results suggest reduced risk of leakage owing to more rigorous and documented well completion and abandonment practices for these generally younger wells (although many are decades old). A result of decreased well density is that larger areas are available for leasing for CCS projects that avoid legacy wells altogether (> 1 mile from any existing well). The one‐mile designation is used as an arbitrary convention, and while it is recognized that this is smaller than a typical area of review (AoR) for permitting, each site will have a different AoR radius for consideration. The combination of large subsurface storage volumes under control of a single landowner and reduced risks from legacy wells makes offshore CCS attractive in the GoM. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The multiple regulatory effects of white adipose tissue on bone homeostasis
Authors: Liu Xiaohua , Du Yuxiang , Zhao Zhonghan , Zou Jun , Zhang Xiaojing , Zhang Lingli 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhite adipose tissue (WAT) is not only an energy storage reservoir that is critical in energy homeostasis but is also a highly metabolically active endocrine organ. WAT can secrete a variety of adipocytokines, including leptin (LEP), adiponectin (APN), resistin, visfatin, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and osteopontin (OPN). It can also synthesize and secrete exosomes, which enhance intercellular communication and participate in various physiological processes in the body. It can also synthesize and secrete exosomes to enhance intercellular communication and participate in a variety of physiological processes in the body. The skeleton is an important organ for protecting internal organs. It forms the scaffolding of the body and gives the body its basic form. It drives muscle contraction to produce movement under the regulation of the nervous system. It is also an important hematopoietic organ; and it is regulated by the cytokines secreted by WAT. As research related to the release of adipocytokines from WAT to affect the skeleton continues to progress, an inextricable link between bone lipid regulation has been identified. In this paper, we review the literature to summarize the structure, function and metabolism of WAT, elaborate the specific molecular mechanisms by which WAT‐secreted hormones, cytokines and exosomes regulate skeletal cells, provide a theoretical basis for the in‐depth study of WAT cross‐organ regulation of bone, and provide new ideas for finding new adipose‐secreted targeting factors for the treatment of skeletal diseases.
Stellate cell in hepatic inflammation and acute injury
Authors: Rani Richa , Gandhi Chandrashekhar R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe perisinusoidal hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) have been investigated extensively for their role as the major fibrogenic cells during chronic liver injury. HSCs also produce numerous cytokines, chemokines, and growth mediators, and express cell adhesion molecules constitutively and in response to stimulants such as endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide). With this property and by interacting with resident and recruited immune and inflammatory cells, HSCs regulate hepatic immune homeostasis, inflammation, and acute injury. Indeed, experiments with HSC‐depleted animal models and cocultures have provided evidence for the prominent role of HSCs in the initiation and progression of inflammation and acute liver damage due to various toxic agents. Thus HSCs and/or mediators derived thereof during acute liver damage may be considered as potential therapeutic targets.
Nanostructure Scaling in Semi‐Dilute Triblock Copolymer Gels
Authors: Mineart Kenneth P. , Vallely Matthew J. , O'Shea Emma K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere is a considerable body of work that describes the scaling of diblock copolymer micelle dimensions in dilute and semi‐dilute solution based upon block degrees of polymerization and copolymer concentration. However, there is a lack of analogous information for semi‐dilute ABA triblock copolymer gels, which consist of ABA triblock copolymer dissolved in midblock‐selective (B‐selective) solvent. The present study uses small angle X‐ray scattering to extract micelle dimensions for numerous triblock copolymer gels that vary in copolymer identity (and hence block lengths) and copolymer concentration, as well as gels that contain various ratios of two unique triblock copolymers. Analysis of micelle structural data subsequently translates to universal scaling expressions for the micelle core radius – rA ≈ NA0.53NB−0.14ϕABA0.16 where NA and NB are the endblock and midblock degrees of polymerization, respectively, and ϕABA is the volume fraction of triblock copolymer in the gel – and for the intermicelle spacing – lAA ≈ NA0.09NB0.29ϕABA−0.35. Each scaling expression describes the full collection of experimental data very well. Additionally, these scaling expressions are partially in line with expectations from semi‐dilute diblock copolymer solution theory.
Assessment of a novel variation in DHODH gene causing Miller syndrome: The first report in Chinese population
Authors: Yang Kai , Fu Li‐Man , Chu Xiao‐Yang , Zhang Jing , Chen Wen‐Qi , Yan You‐Sheng , Wang Yi‐Peng , Zhang Dong‐Liang , Yin Cheng‐Hong , Guo Qing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundMiller syndrome is a rare type of postaxial acrofacial dysostosis caused by biallelic mutations in the DHODH gene, which is characterized mainly by craniofacial malformations of micrognathia, orofacial clefts, cup‐shaped ears, and malar hypoplasia, combined with postaxial limb deformities like the absence of fifth digits.MethodsIn this study, a prenatal case with multiple orofacial‐limb abnormities was enrolled, and a thorough clinical and imaging examination was performed. Subsequently, genetic detection with karyotyping, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was carried out. In vitro splicing analysis was also conducted to clarify the impact of one novel variant.ResultsThe affected fetus displayed typical manifestations of Miller syndrome, and WES identified a diagnostic compound heterozygous variation in DHODH, consisting of two variants: exon(1‐3)del and c.819 + 5G > A. We conducted a further in vitro validation with minigene system, and the result indicated that the c.819 + 5G > A variant would lead to an exon skipping in mRNA splicing.ConclusionsThese findings provided with the first exonic deletion and first splice site variant in DHODH, which expanded the mutation spectrum of Miller syndrome and offered reliable evidence for genetic counseling to the affected family.
Symptom management in adult brain tumours: A literature review
Authors: Zhang Rong , Wang Dong‐Mei , Liu Yong‐Li , Tian Man‐Li , Zhu Ling , Chen Jing , Zhang Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimTo review the literature related to symptom management, clinical significance and related theoretical framework systems in adult patients with brain tumours.BackgroundAs understanding of symptoms or symptom clusters and underlying biologic mechanisms has grown, it is apparent that symptom science is moving forward. Although some progress has been made in the symptom science of solid tumours such as breast and lung neoplasms, insufficient attention has been paid to symptom management for patients suffering from brain tumours. Further research is needed to achieve effective symptom management for these patients.DesignA literature review with a systematic search of symptom management in adult brain tumours.MethodsElectronic data bases were searched to obtain relevant published literature on symptom management in adults with brain tumours. This was then analysed and a synthesis of relevant findings is presented.FindingsFour significant general themes relating to symptom management of brain tumours in adults were identified: (1) The potential theoretical foundation related to symptom management was revealed. (2) Widely accepted validated scales or questionnaires for the assessment of single symptoms or symptom clusters were recommended. (3) Several symptom clusters and the underlying biologic mechanisms have been reported. (4) Specific symptom interventions for adults with brain tumours were collected and classified as evidence‐based or insufficient evidence.ConclusionThere are still many challenges in the effective management of symptoms in adults with brain tumours. The guiding role of theoretical frameworks or models related to symptom management should be utilized in future research. Using the concept of symptom clustering for research into symptoms found in patients with brain tumours, exploring common biological mechanisms for specific symptom clusters and making full use of modern big data resources to build a strong evidence base for an effective intervention or management program may inform the management of symptoms among these patients leading to better results.No Patient or Public ContributionThis is a literature review.Implications for Symptom ManagementThe ultimate goal is obviously not only improving the survival rate of patients with brain tumours, but also enhancing their quality of life. Several important findings from our review include the theoretical foundations, validated assessment tools, the assessment of symptom clusters and the underlying biologic mechanism, and the identification of the evidence base for symptom interventions. These are of relevance for managers, researchers and practitioners and may function as a reference to help the effective symptom management for adults with brain tumours.
Evaluation of the validity and screening performance of a revised single‐item fear of cancer recurrence screening measure (FCR‐1r)
Authors: Smith Allan ‘Ben’ , Gao Mingbo , Tran Mei , Ftanou Maria , Jegathees Sharuja , Wu Verena , Jefford Michael , Lynch Fiona , Dhillon Haryana M. , Shaw Joanne , McDowell Lachlan , White Alan , Halloran Clare , Wiesenfeld David , Bamgboje‐Ayodele Adeola 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveFear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is highly prevalent among cancer survivors, but irregularly identified in practice. Single‐item FCR measures suitable for integration into broader psychosocial screening are needed. This study evaluated the validity of a revised version of the original FCR‐1 (FCR‐1r) and screening performance alongside the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System – Revised (ESAS‐r) anxiety item.MethodsThe FCR‐1r was adapted from the FCR‐1 and modelled on the ESAS‐r. Associations between FCR‐1r and FCR Inventory‐Short Form (FCRI‐SF) scores determined concurrent validity. Relationships of FCR‐1r scores with variables related (e.g., anxiety, intrusive thoughts) and unrelated (e.g., employment/marital status) to FCR determined convergent and divergent validity respectively. A Receiver‐Operating Characteristic analysis examined screening performance and cut‐offs for the FCR‐1r and ESAS‐r anxiety item.Results107 participants were recruited in two studies (Study 1, July‐October 2021, n = 54; Study 2: November 2021‐May 2022, n = 53). The FCR‐1r demonstrated concurrent validity against the FCRI‐SF (r = 0.83, p < 0.0001) and convergent validity versus the Generalised Anxiety Disorder‐7 (r = 0.63, p < 0.0001) and Impact of Event Scale‐Revised Intrusion subscale (r = 0.55, p < 0.0001). It did not correlate with unrelated variables (e.g., employment/marital status), indicating divergent validity. An FCR‐1r cut‐off ≥5/10 had 95% sensitivity and 77% specificity for detecting clinical FCR (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.91, 95% CI 0.85–0.97, p < 0.0001); ESAS‐r anxiety cut‐off ≥4 had 91% sensitivity and 82% specificity (AUC = 0.87, 95% CI 0.77–0.98, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe FCR‐1r is a valid and accurate tool for FCR screening. Further evaluation of the screening performance of the FCR‐1r versus the ESAS‐r anxiety item in routine care is needed.
Elucidating the role of P on Mn‐ and N‐doped graphene catalysts in promoting oxygen reduction: Density functional theory studies
Authors: Li Yaqiang , Ren Penghui , Lu Xiangyu , Zhang Jinqiu , Yang Peixia , Yang Xiaoxuan , Wang Guangzhao , Liu Anmin , Wu Gang , An Maozhong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe non‐noble Mn coordinated N, P co‐doping graphene materials were investigated theoretically in this work based on density functional theory calculation. The electronic structure is effectively tuned after the introduction of P heteroatom. The moderate d band center and density of states at Fermi energy of MnN4‐P1‐G indicate that it is of modest adsorption ability for these O‐containing intermediates. The rank of adsorption energies of O‐containing intermediates for MnN4‐P1‐G is OH* > 2OH* > OOH* > O* > O2* > H2O*, whereas the MnN4‐P1‐G favors a four‐electron process instead of two‐electron process. The doping of P on MnN4‐P1‐G can increase the kinetic activity for the rate‐determining step as well as the Ulim for MnN4‐P1‐G significantly increases from 0.38 to 0.45 V compared with MnN4‐G. The spin density and magnetic moments of Mn are effectively tuned by d, p hybridization to lower the adsorption energy of OH intermediates (rate‐determining step [RDS]) so as to improve the catalytic activity. It is concluded that the P‐doped MnN4 catalysts with excellent oxygen reduction reaction activity can be obtained and this study can provide theoretical guidance for the rational design of high‐performance Mn‐based carbon materials catalysts.