bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loading dose plus continuous/extended infusion versus intermittent bolus of β-lactams for the treatment of Gram-negative bacteria bloodstream infections: a propensity score-adjusted retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bavaro Davide Fiore , Belati Alessandra , Diella Lucia , Frallonardo Luisa , Guido Giacomo , Papagni Roberta , Pellegrino Carmen , Brindicci Gaetano , De Gennaro Nicolò , Di Gennaro Francesco , Denicolò Sofia , Ronga Luigi , Mosca Adriana , Pomarico Francesco , Dell’Aera Maria , Stufano Monica , Dalfino Lidia , Grasso Salvatore , Saracino Annalisa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Optimal β-lactam dosing for the treatment of Gram-negative bacteria bloodstream infections (GNB-BSIs) remains a debated issue. Herein, the efficacy and safety of a loading dose (LD) followed by extended/continuous infusion (EI/CI) versus intermittent bolus (IB) of these drugs for the treatment of GNB-BSIs was evaluated.

Methods
This is a retrospective observational study enrolling patients with GNB-BSIs treated with β-lactams from 1 October 2020 to 31 March 2022. The 30 day infection-related mortality rate was assessed with Cox regression, while mortality risk reduction was evaluated by an inverse probability of treatment weighting regression adjustment (IPTW-RA) model.

Results
Overall, 224 patients were enrolled: 140 and 84 in the IB and EI/CI groups, respectively. β-Lactam regimens were chosen according to pathogen antibiogram, clinical judgement and current guidelines. Interestingly, the LD + EI/CI regimen was associated with a significant lower mortality rate (17% versus 32%, P = 0.011). Similarly, β-lactam LD + EI/CI was significantly associated with a reduced risk of mortality at multivariable Cox regression [adjusted HR (aHR) = 0.46; 95%CI = 0.22–0.98; P = 0.046]. Finally, the IPTW-RA (adjusted for multiple covariates) was performed, showing a significant risk reduction in the overall population [−14% (95% CI = −23% to −5%)]; at the subgroup restricted analysis, a significant risk reduction (&gt;15%) was observed in the case of GNB-BSI in severely immunocompromised patients (P = 0.003), for SOFA score &gt; 6 (P = 0.014) and in septic shock (P = 0.011).

Conclusions
The use of LD + EI/CI of β-lactams in patients with a GNB-BSI may be associated with reduced mortality; also in patients with severe presentation of infection or with additional risk factors, such as immunodepression.
Ceftolozane/tazobactam heteroresistance in cystic fibrosis-relatedPseudomonas aeruginosainfections
Authors: Monogue Marguerite L , Sanders James M , Pybus Christine A , Kim Jiwoong , Zhan Xiaowei , Clark Andrew E , Greenberg David E 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesCystic fibrosis (CF) patients are often colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. During treatment, P. aeruginosa can develop subpopulations exhibiting variable in vitro antimicrobial (ABX) susceptibility patterns. Heteroresistance (HR) may underlie reported discrepancies between in vitro susceptibility results and clinical responses to various ABXs. Here, we sought to examine the presence and nature of P. aeruginosa polyclonal HR (PHR) and monoclonal HR (MHR) to ceftolozane/tazobactam in isolates originating from CF pulmonary exacerbations.MethodsThis was a single-centre, non-controlled study. Two hundred and forty-six P. aeruginosa isolates from 26 adult CF patients were included. PHR was defined as the presence of different ceftolozane/tazobactam minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values among P. aeruginosa isolates originating from a single patient specimen. Population analysis profiles (PAPs) were performed to assess the presence of MHR, defined as ≥4-fold change in the ceftolozane/tazobactam MIC from a single P. aeruginosa colony.ResultsSixteen of 26 patient specimens (62%) contained PHR P. aeruginosa populations. Of these 16 patients, 6 (23%) had specimens in which PHR P. aeruginosa isolates exhibited ceftolozane/tazobactam MICs with categorical differences (i.e. susceptible versus resistant) compared to results reported as part of routine care. One isolate, PSA 1311, demonstrated MHR. Canonical ceftolozane/tazobactam resistance genes were not found in the MHR isolates (MHR PSA 1311 or PHR PSA 6130).ConclusionsCeftolozane/tazobactam PHR exists among P. aeruginosa isolates in this work, and approximately a quarter of these populations contained isolates with ceftolozane/tazobactam susceptibiilty interpretations different from what was reported clinically, supporting concerns surrounding the utility of traditional susceptibility testing methodology in the setting of CF specimens. Genome sequencing of isolates with acquired MHR to ceftolozane/tazobactam revealed variants of unknown significance. Future work will be centred on determining the significance of these mutations to better understand these data in clinical context.
Quantification and molecular characterization of intact rotavirus species A (RVA) in municipal solid waste leachate
Authors: Lanzarini Natália Maria , Mannarino Camille Ferreira , Mata Rafaela Marinho , Saggioro Enrico Mendes , Moreira Josino Costa , Miagostovich Marize Pereira 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
Leachate comprises a solid waste decomposition product found fresh in collection trucks or as an effluent in landfills. This study aimed to assess the occurrence, concentrations, and genetic diversity of intact rotavirus species A (RVA) in solid waste leachate.

Methods and Results
Leachate samples were concentrated by ultracentrifugation, treated with propidium monoazide (PMA), and exposed to LED photolysis. Treated and untread samples were extracted using the QIAamp Fast DNA Stool mini kit, and nucleic acids were screened for RVA employing a Taqman® Real-time PCR. The PMA RT-qPCR method detected RVA in eight out of nine truck samples and in 15.40% (2/13) of the landfill leachate samples. The RVA concentrations in the PMA-treated samples ranged from 4.57 × 103 to 2.15 × 107 genomic copies (GC) 100 mL–1 in truck leachate and from 7.83 × 103 to 1.42 × 104 GC 100 mL–1 in landfill samples. Six truck leachate samples were characterized as RVA VP6 genogroup I2 by partial nucleotide sequencing.

Conclusions
The high intact RVA detection rates and concentrations in truck leachate samples indicate potential infectivity and comprise a warning for solid waste collectors concerning hand-to-mouth contact and the splash route.
Efficient establishment of an optimized culture condition for cashmere goat primary hair follicle stem cells
Authors: Li Yan , Jin Miaohan , Gao Yawei , Lu Lijin , Cao Jing , Liu Yao , Chen Yulin , Wang Xiaolong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are an important basis for hair follicle morphogenesis and hair cycle growth. This cell type also represents an excellent model for studying the gene function and molecular regulation of the hair growth cycle, including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Basically, the functional investigation of hair growth-regulating genes demands a sufficient amount of HFSCs. However, efficient propagation of HFSCs in goats is a challenging process under the current culture conditions. Here, we investigated the effect of four components, including the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and vitamin C, on cell growth and pluripotency in the basal culture medium (DMEM/F12 supplemented with 2% fetal bovine serum). We found that adding Y-27632, LIF, and bFGF independently increased the proliferation and pluripotency of goat HFSCs (gHFSCs), with Y-27632 having the most significant effect (P &lt; 0.001). Fluorescence-activated cell sorting of the cell cycle revealed that Y-27632 promoted gHFSC proliferation by inducing the cell cycle from S to G2/M phase (P &lt; 0.05). We further demonstrated that gHFSCs displayed superior proliferative capacity, clone-forming ability, and differentiation potential in the combined presence of Y-27632 (10 μM) and bFGF (10 ng/mL). We termed this novel culture condition as gHFEM, which stands for goat Hair Follicle Enhanced Medium. Taken together, these results indicate that gHFEM is an optimal condition for in vitro culture of gHFSCs, which will subsequently facilitate the study of HF growth and biology.
The Future Sign Language: A Critical History of Aicher’s Ideas About Signs and Pictograms for the 1972 Munich Olympics
Authors: Bakker Wibo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The signs and pictograms designed by Otl Aicher and his team for the Munich Olympics in 1972 are regarded as a milestone in design history. With this work, Aicher responded to what he thought were the most important challenges for signs and pictograms during the 1960s: the lack of grammar and visual clarity. He had specific ideas about this which he expressed in his designs as well as in his writings. So far, these ideas have hardly been explored. This study critically reconstructs the origins, development, and presentation of Aicher’s ideas about signs and pictograms for the Munich Olympics. In these designs, he tried to resolve his love for geometry with his desire to develop a functional sign language. His work in this area represents a pivotal moment in modern design during the 1960s, in which modernist designers switched their preference from abstract sign systems to pictogram systems.
Competition policy and the labor share
Authors: Zac Amit , Casti Carola , Decker Christopher , Ezrachi Ariel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Recent years have seen intense debate about the causes of the observed decline in the labor share. We extend this inquiry by investigating whether the design and enforcement of competition law and policy are associated with changes in the labor share. Using a panel of 22 industries in 12 OECD economies, we find a positive statistical association between the effectiveness of competition policy and changes in the labor share over the period 1995–2005. This suggests a potential link between the design and effectiveness of competition policy and the labor share, and more broadly to distributional outcomes. Our results reinforce the importance of accounting for country-specific factors, including the design and enforcement of local laws, when examining dynamics in the labor share. The analysis implies that effective competition law and policy could mitigate the decline of the labor share, particularly in settings characterized by low levels of labor protection and limited labor bargaining power. (JEL: E21, E24, E64, J01, J21, K21, L40).
Relationship between pelvic sensations and lifetime exposure to receptive anal intercourse among people with prostates
Authors: Gaither Thomas W , Siapno Allen E D , Kianian Reza , Vincent Nathan , Williams Kristen C , Piquerias Eduardo , Russell Marcia M , Litwin Mark S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Despite the negative stigma on receptive anal intercourse (RAI), this behavior has a positive influence on individuals’ sexual and relationship health. No large studies have previously looked at specific sensations experienced during RAI and how these sensations may change with experience.

Aim
In this study we aimed to quantify commonly reported pelvic sensations during RAI and determine whether their presentation changes with increasing experience of RAI.

Methods
An internet survey was conducted on sensations felt during RAI among people with prostates from July 2022–January 2023. The survey content was developed based on a mixed-methods qualitative study and inquired about demographic and sexual histories as well as sensations (pleasure, pain, urinary, and bowel) experienced during RAI. We used descriptive statistics to describe demographic and sexual histories. All data were stratified by lifetime exposure to RAI.

Outcomes
The primary outcomes assessed included the quantification of both the primary sensations experienced during RAI and the associated bother.

Results
In total, 975 participants completed the survey. The median age was 32 (range 18–78) years. The average age of first participation in RAI was 21 ± 6.6 years. Most respondents were having sex at least once a week (65%). Nine percent of respondents reported fewer than 10 experiences with RAI, 26% reported 11-50 RAI experiences, 32% reported 51-200 experiences, 16% reported 201-500 experiences, and 18% reported &gt;500 experiences. As the number of experiences with RAI increased (from &lt;10 to &gt;500 exposures), the reported frequency of pleasurable sensation increased from 41% to 92% (P &lt; .0001), whereas severe insertional pain and symptoms of bowel urgency decreased from 39% to 13% and from 21% to 6%, respectively (P &lt; .0001). Urinary urgency sensation did not differ by lifetime RAI experience.

Clinical Implications
Lifetime RAI exposure can be readily assessed and correlates not only with pelvic sensation but also many other aspects of sexual health. These results imply that the etiology of dissatisfaction with pleasure or anodyspareunia during RAI may differ by lifetime RAI exposure.

Strengths and Limitations
This is the first study to our knowledge to assess pelvic sensations experienced during RAI among a large sample of individuals. This is a cross-sectional study, and we cannot conclude how pelvic sensations change over time among individuals. Internet-based participants may not be representative of clinical populations.

Conclusion
Lifetime exposure to RAI is positively associated with pleasure and is negatively associated with pain and bowel urgency. Pelvic sensations experienced during RAI appear to be dependent on lifetime RAI exposure history regardless of age.
In vitro combination of antifungal drugs with tacrolimus (FK506) holds promise against clinical Candida species, including Candida auris
Authors: Khodavaisy Sadegh , Gharehbolagh Sanaz Aghaei , Abdorahimi Mahsa , Rezaie Sara , Ahmadikia Kazem , Badali Hamid , Meis Jacques F , Mahmoudi Shahram 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In vitro interactions between tacrolimus, a calcineurin inhibitor, and fluconazole, itraconazole, caspofungin, or anidulafungin were evaluated against Candida auris, C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. glabrata (each five strains). Tacrolimus–itraconazole, tacrolimus–caspofungin, and tacrolimus–fluconazole combinations resulted in synergistic interactions against 95%, 90%, and 60% of Candida isolates, respectively. However, tacrolimus–anidulafungin resulted in only a 35% synergistic effect. A combination of tacrolimus and itraconazole was most potent with synergy against 100% of C. auris, C. parapsilosis, and C. glabrata isolates. Of note, no antagonistic interaction was found.
The magnetic fields around the cometary globules L328, L323, and L331
Authors: Kumar Siddharth , Soam Archana , Roy Nirupam 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
This work presents the magnetic field geometry in a complex of three cometary (with head–tail morphology) globules, namely LDN 323, LDN 328, and LDN 331, using R-band polarization measurements of background stars. These observations were combined with a Planck sky survey to study the large-scale morphology of the magnetic fields in the region. The distances of the target stars were adopted from the Gaia catalogue. The variation of the degree of polarization and polarization position angle with distances of stars is analysed. The field geometry is mostly found to follow the cometary shape of the cloud, with some randomness at certain locations. For studying the correlation between cloud morphology and magnetic field orientations, a modified version of the histogram of relative orientation (HRO) analysis was employed.
Weak lensing tomographic redshift distribution inference for the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program three-year shape catalogue
Authors: Rau Markus Michael , Dalal Roohi , Zhang Tianqing , Li Xiangchong , Nishizawa Atsushi J , More Surhud , Mandelbaum Rachel , Miyatake Hironao , Strauss Michael A , Takada Masahiro 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTWe present posterior sample redshift distributions for the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program Weak Lensing three-year (HSC Y3) analysis. Using the galaxies’ photometry and spatial cross-correlations, we conduct a combined Bayesian Hierarchical Inference of the sample redshift distributions. The spatial cross-correlations are derived using a subsample of Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs) with accurate redshift information available up to a photometric redshift of z &lt; 1.2. We derive the photometry-based constraints using a combination of two empirical techniques calibrated on spectroscopic and multiband photometric data that cover a spatial subset of the shear catalogue. The limited spatial coverage induces a cosmic variance error budget that we include in the inference. Our cross-correlation analysis models the photometric redshift error of the LRGs to correct for systematic biases and statistical uncertainties. We demonstrate consistency between the sample redshift distributions derived using the spatial cross-correlations, the photometry, and the posterior of the combined analysis. Based on this assessment, we recommend conservative priors for sample redshift distributions of tomographic bins used in the three-year cosmological Weak Lensing analyses.
Can the orbital distribution of Neptune’s 3:2 mean-motion resonance result from stability sculpting?
Authors: Balaji S , Zaveri N , Hayashi N , Hermosillo Ruiz A , Barnes J , Murray-Clay R , Volk K , Gerhardt J , Syed Z 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
We explore a simplified model of the outcome of an early outer Solar System gravitational upheaval during which objects were captured into Neptune’s 3:2 mean-motion resonance via scattering rather than smooth planetary migration. We use N-body simulations containing the sun, the four giant planets, and test particles in the 3:2 resonance to determine whether long-term stability sculpting over 4.5 Gyr can reproduce the observed 3:2 resonant population from an initially randomly scattered 3:2 population. After passing our simulated 3:2 resonant objects through a survey simulator, we find that the semimajor axis (a) and eccentricity (e) distributions are consistent with the observational data (assuming an absolute magnitude distribution constrained by prior studies), suggesting that these could be a result of stability sculpting. However, the inclination (i) distribution cannot be produced by stability sculpting and thus must result from a distinct process that excited the inclinations. Our simulations modestly under-predict the number of objects with high-libration amplitudes (Aϕ), possibly because we do not model transient sticking. Finally, our model under-populates the Kozai subresonance compared to both observations and to smooth migration models. Future work is needed to determine whether smooth migration occurring as Neptune’s eccentricity damped to its current value can resolve this discrepancy.
Modelling uncertainties in wide binary constraints on primordial black holes
Authors: Tyler Emily , Green Anne M , Goodwin Simon P 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Dark matter in the form of compact objects with mass Mco ≳ 10 M⊙ can be constrained by its dynamical effects on wide binary stars. Motivated by the recent interest in primordial black hole dark matter, we revisit the theoretical modelling involved in these constraints. We improve on previous studies in several ways. Specifically, we (i) implement a physically motivated model for the initial wide-binary semimajor axis distribution, (ii) include unbound binaries, and (iii) take into account the uncertainty in the relationship between semimajor axis and observed angular separation. These effects all tend to increase the predicted number of wide binaries (for a given compact object population). Therefore, the constraints on the halo fraction in compact objects, fco, are significantly weakened. For the wide binary sample used in the most recent calculation of the constraints, we find the fraction of halo dark matter in compact objects is fco &lt; 1 for $M_{\rm co} \approx 300 \, \mathrm{ M}_{\odot }$, tightening with increasing Mco to fco &lt; 0.26 for $M_{\rm co} \gtrsim 1000 \, \mathrm{ M}_{\odot }$.
PSR J0026−1955: A curious case of evolutionary subpulse drifting and nulling
Authors: Janagal Parul , McSweeney Samuel J , Chakraborty Manoneeta , Bhat N D Ramesh 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
PSR J0026−1955 was independently discovered by the Murchison Widefield Array recently. The pulsar exhibits subpulse drifting, where the radio emission from a pulsar appears to drift in spin phase within the main pulse profile, and nulling, where the emission ceases briefly. The pulsar showcases a curious case of drift rate evolution as it exhibits rapid changes between the drift modes and a gradual evolution in the drift rate within a mode. Here, we report new analysis and results from observations of J0026−1955 made with the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope at 300–500 MHz. We identify two distinct subpulse drifting modes: A and B, with mode A subcategorized into A0, A1, and A2, depending upon the drift rate evolutionary behaviour. Additionally, the pulsar exhibits short and long nulls, with an estimated overall nulling fraction of ∼58 per cent, which is lower than the previously reported value. Our results also provide evidence of subpulse memory across nulls and a consistent behaviour where mode A2 is often followed by a null. We investigate the drift rate modulations of J0026−1955 and put forward two different models to explain the observed drifting behaviour. We suggest that either a change in polar gap screening or a slow relaxation in the spark configuration could possibly drive the evolution in drift rates. J0026−1955 belongs to a rare subset of pulsars which exhibit subpulse drifting, nulling, mode changing, and drift rate evolution. It is therefore an ideal test bed for carousel models and to uncover the intricacies of pulsar emission physics.
No redshift evolution in the rest-frame ultraviolet emission line properties of quasars from z = 1.5 to z = 4.0
Authors: Stepney Matthew , Banerji Manda , Hewett Paul C , Temple Matthew J , Rankine Amy L , Matthews James H , Richards Gordon T 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
We analyse the rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) spectra of 2531 high-redshift (3.5 &lt; z &lt; 4.0) quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR16Q catalogue. In combination with previous work, we study the redshift evolution of the rest-frame UV line properties across the entire redshift range, 1.5 &lt; z &lt; 4.0. We improve the systemic redshift estimates at z &gt; 3.5 using a cross-correlation algorithm that employs high signal-to-noise template spectra spanning the full range in UV emission line properties. We then quantify the evolution of C iv and He ii emission line properties with redshift. The increase in C iv blueshifts with cosmological redshift can be fully explained by the higher luminosities of quasars observed at high redshifts. We recover broadly similar trends between the He ii equivalent width and C iv blueshift at both 1.5 &lt; z &lt; 2.65 and 3.5 &lt; z &lt; 4.0 suggesting that the blueshift depends systematically on the spectral energy density (SED) of the quasar and there is no evolution in the SED over the redshift range 1.5 &lt; z &lt; 4.0. C iv blueshifts are highest when L/L$_\text {Edd} \ge$ 0.2 and Mbh ≥ 109 M⊙ for the entire 1.5 &lt; z &lt; 4.0 sample. We find that luminosity matching samples as a means to explore the evolution of their rest-frame UV emission line properties is only viable if the samples are also matched in the Mbh–L/L$_\text {Edd}$ plane. Quasars at z ≥ 6 are on average less massive and have higher Eddington-scaled accretion rates than their luminosity-matched counterparts at 1.5 &lt; z &lt; 4.0, which could explain the observed evolution in their UV line properties.