bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate influences on future fire severity: a synthesis of climate-fire interactions and impacts on fire regimes, high-severity fire, and forests in the western United States
Authors: Wasserman Tzeidle N. , Mueller Stephanie E. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Increases in fire activity and changes in fire regimes have been documented in recent decades across the western United States. Climate change is expected to continue to exacerbate impacts to forested ecosystems by increasing the frequency, size, and severity of wildfires across the western United States (US). Warming temperatures and shifting precipitation patterns are altering western landscapes and making them more susceptible to high-severity fire. Increases in large patches of high-severity fire can result in significant impacts to landscape processes and ecosystem function and changes to vegetation structure and composition. In this synthesis, we examine the predicted climatic influence on fire regimes and discuss the impacts on fire severity, vegetation dynamics, and the interactions between fire, vegetation, and climate. We describe predicted changes, impacts, and risks related to fire with climate change and discuss how management options may mitigate some impacts of predicted fire severity, and moderate some impacts to forests, carbon, and vegetation changes post fire.

Results
Climate change is increasing fire size, fire severity, and driving larger patches of high-severity fire. Many regions are predicted to experience an increase in fire severity where conditions are hotter and drier and changes in fire regimes are evident. Increased temperatures, drought conditions, fuels, and weather are important drivers of fire severity. Recent increases in fire severity are attributed to changes in climatic water deficit (CMD), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), evapotranspiration (ET), and fuels. Fire weather and vegetation species composition also influence fire severity. Future increases in fire severity are likely to impact forest resilience and increase the probability of forest type conversions in many ecosystems.

Conclusions
Increasing warming and drying trends are likely to cause more frequent and severe disturbances in many forested ecosystems in the near future. Large patches of high-severity fire have lasting legacies on vegetation composition and structure, and impacts on tree regeneration. In some ecosystems and under certain fire-weather conditions, restoration and fuel treatments may reduce the area burned at high severity and reduce conversions from forest to non-forest conditions, increasing forest resistance and resilience to wildland fire. Thinning and prescribed fire treatments can be effective at reducing the potential for crown fire, reducing fuels, and promoting forest resilience.
Human adaptation and diversification in the Microsporum canis complex
Authors: Zhou Xin , Ahmed Sarah A. , Tang Chao , Grisolia Maria Eduarda , Warth José Francisco Ghignatti , Webster Kristen , Peano Andrea , Uhrlass Silke , Cafarchia Claudia , Hayette Marie Pierre , Sacheli Rosalie , Matos Tadeja , Kang Yingqian , de Hoog G. Sybren , Feng Peiying 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Microsporum canis complex consists of one zoophilic species, M. canis, and two anthropophilic species, M. audouinii and M. ferrugineum. These species are the most widespread zoonotic pathogens causing dermatophytosis in cats and humans worldwide. To clarify the evolutionary relationship between the three species and explore the potential host shift process, this study used phylogenetic analysis, population structure analysis, multispecies coalescent analyses, determination of MAT idiomorph distribution, sexual crosses, and macromorphology and physicochemical features to address the above questions. The complex of Microsporum canis, M. audouinii and M. ferrugineum comprises 12 genotypes. MAT1-1 was present only in M. canis, while the anthropophilic entities contained MAT1-2. The pseudocleistothecia were yielded by the mating behaviour of M. canis and M. audouinii. Growth rates and lipase, keratinolysis and urea hydrolytic capacities of zoophilic M. canis isolates were all higher than those of anthropophilic strains; DNase activity of M. ferrugineum exceeded that of M. canis. The optimum growth temperature was 28 °C, but 22 °C favoured the development of macroconidia. Molecular data, physicochemical properties and phenotypes suggest the adaptation of zoophilic M. canis to anthropophilic M. ferrugineum, with M. audouinii in an intermediate position.
Assessment of the protective role of submucosal saline injection of the inferior turbinates prior to submucosal diathermy or coblation techniques
Authors: Attia Tamer M. , Hamdan Ahmad M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Inferior turbinate hypertrophy is a common cause of chronic nasal obstruction with many procedures for management including submucosal diathermy and coblation with a variation in their techniques. The aim of this study was to assess the protective role of submucosal saline injection in the inferior turbinates prior to submucosal diathermy or coblation techniques. A prospective cohort study was conducted on 80 patients diagnosed with bilateral hypertrophied inferior turbinates causing persistent nasal obstruction and not responding to medical treatment. The patients were distributed randomly and equally between 2 groups. Group I included 40 patients operated on with coblation of the inferior turbinates. Group II included 40 patients operated on with submucosal diathermy of the inferior turbinates. The right side of the nose of both groups had a saline injection of the inferior turbinates before the procedure and the left side of the nose did not have such injection. Each side of the nose in every patient was assessed for the degree of nasal crusting at 1 week postoperative, the presence of turbinate gangrene at 3 weeks postoperative, and the visual analog scale (VAS) of four symptoms (nasal discomfort, nasal pain, nasal obstruction, and thick nasal discharge) at 1 week postoperative.

Results
In the coblation group, there was a significant difference between the right and left sides regarding the degree of crusting at 1 week postoperative, and a non-significant difference between the two sides regarding the presence of gangrene at 3 weeks postoperative. In the diathermy group, there was a significant difference between the right and left sides regarding the same parameters. Comparison between the injection and non-injection sides in each group regarding the nasal symptoms showed a highly significant difference between the two sides in each group favoring the injection side.

Conclusion
Saline injection prior to inferior turbinate coblation or submucosal diathermy had a protective effect against crusting with both techniques and gangrene formation with submucosal diathermy. This was reflected on better postoperative nasal symptoms.
Application of multi-modality MRI-based radiomics in the pre-treatment prediction of RPS6K expression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang Fan , Wan Yidong , Shen Xiaoyong , Wu Yichao , Xu Lei , Meng Jinwen , Wang Jianguo , Liu Zhikun , Chen Jun , Lu Di , Wen Xue , Zheng Shusen , Niu Tianye , Xu Xiao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this study, we aim to develop and validate a radiomics model for pretreatment prediction of RPS6K expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, thus helping clinical decision-making of mTOR-inhibitor (mTORi) therapy. We retrospectively enrolled 147 HCC patients, who underwent curative hepatic resection at First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine. RPS6K expression was determined with immunohistochemistry staining. Patients were randomly split into training or validation cohorts on a 7:3 ratio. Radiomics features were extracted from T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted images. Machine learning algorithms including multiple logistic regression (MLR), supporting vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and artificial neural network (ANN) were applied to construct the predictive model. A nomogram was further built to visualize the possibility of RPS6K expression. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of diagnostic models. 174 radiomics features were confirmed correlated with RPS6K expression. Amongst all built models, the ANN-based hybrid model exhibited best predictive ability with AUC of 0.887 and 0.826 in training and validation cohorts. ALB was identified as the key clinical index, and the nomogram displayed further improved ability with AUC of 0.917 and 0.845. In this study, we proved MRI-based radiomics model and nomogram can accurately predict RPS6K expression non-invasively, thus providing help for clinical decision making for mTORi therapy.
Nasogastric tube feeding under restraint: understanding the impact and improving care
Authors: Fuller Sarah J. , Tan Jacinta , Nicholls Dasha 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundNasogastric tube feeding under physical restraint is an intervention that clinicians working in specialist mental health in-patient units may need to implement.AimsTo examine the impact of this intervention on people with lived experience, carers and staff.MethodPeople with lived experience and parents and/or carers were recruited via UK eating disorder charity Beat. Clinicians were recruited via the British Eating Disorders Society's research forum. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted and transcribed, and the results were thematically analysed.ResultsThirty-six participants took part, and overlapping themes were identified. All participants spoke in relation to four themes: (a) the short-term impact on the patient; (b) the impact on those around the patient; (c) the long-term impact; and (d) the positive impact. Subthemes were identified and explored.ConclusionThis lifesaving intervention can also negatively affect patients, parents and carers, peers and staff. Further research is needed to understand how interactions and environmental modifications can mitigate the negative impacts.
The cost-utility of a return-to-work intervention in comparison to routine care for patients with mental disorders in Germany: Results from the RETURN project
Authors: Waldmann Tamara , Riedl Lina , Brieger Peter , Lang Anne , Blank Daniela , Kohl Monika , Brucks Adele , Bühner Markus , Hamann Johannes , Kilian Reinhold 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Only two-thirds of patients admitted to psychiatric wards return to their previous jobs. Return-to-work interventions in Germany are investigated for their effectiveness, but information regarding cost-effectiveness is lacking. This study investigates the cost-utility of a return-to-work intervention for patients with mental disorders compared to treatment as usual (TAU).

Methods
We used data from a cluster-randomised controlled trial including 166 patients from 28 inpatient psychiatric wards providing data at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Health and social care service use was measured with the Client Sociodemographic and Service Receipt Inventory. Quality of life was measured with the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire. Cost-utility analysis was performed by calculating additional costs per one additional QALY (Quality-Adjusted Life Years) gained by receiving the support of return-to-work experts, in comparison to TAU.

Results
No significant cost or QALY difference between the intervention and control groups has been detected. The return-to-work intervention cannot be identified as cost-effective in comparison to TAU.

Conclusions
The employment of return-to-work experts could not reach the threshold of providing good value for money. TAU, therefore, seems to be sufficient support for the target group.
How far can we stretch the timescale with RETIS?
Authors: van Erp Titus S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo (MC) have long coexisted as two main independent branches of molecular simulation. In the late eighties, however, algorithms based on the combination of both were created such as hybrid Monte Carlo which uses large MD steps as MC moves. An entirely different kind of combination emerged a decade later via the transition path sampling (TPS) method in which MD trajectories are not just part of the MC move, but also form the state space being sampled. Algorithms like replica exchange transition interface sampling (RETIS) exploit this idea to compute reaction rates via a series of TPS simulations. RETIS yields results identical to hypothetical long MD runs, but with exponentially reduced computation time. This perspective describes the RETIS method and discusses recent and future advancements that will enable the study of even longer molecular timescales with reasonable computational resources.
Bell's theorem in time without inequalities
Authors: Ali Md. Manirul 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Bell's theorem revealed that a local hidden-variable model cannot completely reproduce the quantum mechanical predictions. Bell's inequality provides an upper bound under the locality and reality assumptions that can be violated by correlated measurement statistics of quantum mechanics. Greenberger, Horne, and Zeilinger (GHZ) gave a more compelling proof of Bell's theorem without inequalities by considering perfect correlations rather than statistical correlations. In this work, we present a temporal analogue of GHZ argument that establishes Bell's theorem in time without inequalities.
“Gender Justice” versus “Gender Equality”
Authors: Tajali Mona 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Much of the literature on women’s-rights activism in the Muslim world presents such activism as employing discourses either of egalitarianism (secular) or of complementarianism (religious). This article analyzes the recent framing of demands for women’s right to political office by elite Islamic women in Iran and Turkey in terms outside this dichotomy. Drawing on data gathered from personal interviews as well as on careful study of public statements and publications by elite women, or those backed by state institutions, this article demonstrates the inadequacy of understanding women’s activism in Muslim contexts as employing either an egalitarian or a complementarian approach by highlighting a more nuanced conceptualization of women’s-rights framing and organizing in accordance with shifting contexts and political ideologies. Specifically, it shows how Islamic women’s-rights activists who are closely affiliated with their governments at times strategically adopt a “gender justice” framing, as opposed to “gender equality,” to appeal to more conservative sectors of their society. This strategy can have important policy implications and lead to shifts in political discourse about women and politics. However, elite women’s backing from and affiliation with conservative ruling elites can lead some groups, particularly secular feminists, to perceive their use of gender justice discourse differently and to be dismissive of their efforts.
Theoretical Analysis of Hydrogen-Bonded Structures of the Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein with Multi-Component Density Functional Theory
Authors: Takakuwa Mio , Kita Yukiumi , Shimazaki Tomomi , Kanematsu Yusuke , Ishimoto Takayoshi , Adachi Motoyasu , Tachikawa Masanori 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Recently, neutron crystallography of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) has revealed that a heavy water molecule directly hydrogen-bonded to the chromophore of EGFP, DOD323, has a longer bond length than other heavy water molecules. This remarkable elongation of bond length is because of intrinsic electrostatic potential inside EGFP, but its physicochemical origin has not been fully understood, yet. To clarify the phenomenon, we theoretically investigated the effect of residues surrounding the chromophore on the hydrogen-bonded structure around the chromophore with multi-component density functional theory. We focused on Arg96, Thr203, and Glu222, which are directly hydrogen-bonded to the chromophore. We theoretically confirmed that Arg96 and Thr203 affect the geometric asymmetrization of DOD323 quantitatively. Arg96 and Thr203 also stabilize the anionic (deprotonated) form of the chromophore, and the absence of even one of the residues causes proton/deuteron transfer from the neighboring His148. Our results suggest that Arg96 and Thr203 have a significant effect on the charge states of the chromophore and His148.
Origin of Reactivity Difference between Phosphines and Phosphinites in Ru-Catalyzed Phosphorus-Directed sp2C–H Borylation: Mechanistic Study and Improvement of Reaction Conditions
Authors: Homma Yuki , Fukuda Kazuishi , Ueno Ryoga , Iwasawa Nobuharu , Takaya Jun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The reaction mechanism of Ru-catalyzed phosphorus-directed ortho sp2C–H borylation of triarylphosphines and aryl phosphinites was investigated. Competition experiments and time course analyses clarified the existence of an induction period when using [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 as a catalyst, which was attributed to substitution of the p-cymene ligand by phosphorus compounds to generate a reactive species. These studies have reasonably explained the origin of the reactivity difference between triarylphosphines and aryl phosphinites. Dramatic improvement of reaction conditions for aryl phosphinites was achieved by employing RuCl2(dmso)4 as a new catalyst based on the mechanistic insights, realizing borylation of aryl phosphinites at room temperature.
Time-Resolved Diffusion Method to Detect and Reveal Protein Reactions Leading to Their Functions
Authors: Terazima Masahide 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Proteins are unique natural macromolecules with high selectivity and efficiency for their functions. Understanding the chemical reaction mechanisms of proteins has long been an important and attractive research subject. To study the reactions, various experimental techniques have been developed. However, the time-resolved detection of conformational changes and intermolecular interactions remains a difficult problem, although dynamics are crucial for elucidating the reaction mechanism at the molecular level. Here, time-resolved diffusion (TRD) methods developed to monitor hidden dynamics are introduced. After describing the principle, this review mainly focuses on some applications demonstrating the importance of the time-resolved detection of diffusion-sensitive conformational change (DSCC), which can reveal spectrally silent reaction processes. Correlation between DSCC and enzymatic function showed that conformation changes detected by DSCC are closely related to biological functions such as enzymatic reactions and DNA recognition. Furthermore, the TRD method can detect signal transduction processes of photosensor proteins. Hence, the time-resolved detection of DSCC is appropriate to study mechanisms of protein functions. Since this method can detect intermolecular interactions between enzymes and substrates in time-domain, one of interesting applications is a time-resolved biosensor for transient species. Advantages of the method and future perspective are discussed.
Assessing the cytotoxicity of phenolic and terpene fractions extracted from Iraqi Prunus arabica on AMJ13 and SK-GT-4 human cancer cell lines
Authors: Mahmood Matin Adil , Abd Abdulkareem Hameed , Kadhim Enas Jawad 
Published: July 2023

Background: Breast and esophageal cancer are the most aggressive and prominent causes of death worldwide. In addition, these cancers showed resistance to current chemotherapy regimens with limited success rates and fatal outcomes. Recently many studies reported the significant cytotoxic effects of phenolic and terpene fractions extracted from various Prunus species against different cancer cell lines. As a result, it has a good chance to be tested as a complement or replacement for standard chemotherapies. Methods: The study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of phenolic and terpene fractions extracted from Iraqi Prunus arabica on breast (AMJ13) and esophageal (SK-GT-4) cancer cell lines by using the MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide). Analysis using the Chou-Talalay method was performed to assess the synergistic effect between the extracted fractions and chemotherapeutic agent (docetaxel). Moreover, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was conducted for the quantitative determination of different bioactive molecules of both phenolic and terpene fractions in the extract. Results: According to the findings, the treatment modalities significantly decreased cancer cell viability of AMJ13 and SK-GT-4 and had insignificant cytotoxicity on the normal cells (normal human fibroblast cell line) (all less than 50% cytotoxicity). Analysis with Chou-Talalay showed a strong synergism with docetaxel on both cancer cell lines (higher cytotoxicity even in low concentrations) and failed to induce cytotoxicity on the normal cells. Important flavonoid glycosides and terpenoids were detected by HPLC, in particularly, ferulic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, β-sitosterol, and campesterol. Conclusions: In conclusion, the extracted fractions selectively inhibited the proliferation of both cancer cell lines and showed minimal cytotoxicity on normal cells. These fractions could be naturally derived drugs for treating breast and esophageal cancers.
A Bilevel Model for Robust Network Design and Biomass Pricing Under Farmers’ Risk Attitudes and Supply Uncertainty
Authors: Li Qiaofeng , Üster Halit , Zhang Zhi-Hai 
Published: July 2023

This paper addresses an integrated biomass pricing and logistics network design problem. A bilevel design and pricing model is proposed to capture the dynamic decision process between a biofuel producer as a Stackelberg leader and farmers as Stackelberg followers. The bilevel optimization model is transformed into a tractable single-level formulation by using optimality constraints. Other unique characteristics of our problem at hand include the incorporation of the harvesting time and frequency decisions in the biomass supply chain network design problem for the first time and consideration of the uncertainty in switchgrass yield in a robust optimization setting to take into account the risk-averse behavior of the farmers (suppliers). To efficiently solve the model, we propose a Benders decomposition algorithm enhanced by surrogate constraints, strengthened Benders cuts, and in-out cut loop stabilization. The numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithm is significantly superior to the branch-and-cut approach of CPLEX in terms of run times and gaps. We conduct a case study with data from Texas to validate the capabilities of our mathematical model and solution approach. Based on extensive experiments, the benefits of modeling are analyzed, and significant insights are explored. Funding: This research was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71771135, 72171129]; and the scholarship from China Scholarship Council (CSC) [Grant CSC 201906210092]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2021.0357 .
An unusual presentation of a maxillary alveolar fracture in a child
Authors: Chapman Sara , Millwaters M , Shah S 
Published: July 2023

This case report outlines the unusual presentation of a maxillary alveolar fracture in a 12-year-old child. It is common to see bruising of the attached gingivae and sulcal area, along with a step deformity, mobile fragment and sometimes luxation injuries. In this case, we saw no intra-oral bruising, no obvious luxation injury and the dento-alveolar fragment was not mobile. After the initial treatment, the upper left central and lateral incisors maintained vitality. This case report aims to raise awareness for recognizing less obvious clinical features in alveolar bone fractures, thus improving outcomes for traumatic injuries in child patients. CPD/Clinical Relevance: To recognize atypical clinical features of a maxillary fracture after a delayed presentation in a paediatric patient.