bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between individual characteristics and practice behaviour within an adaptive arithmetic learning program
Authors: Hilz Anna , Guill Karin , Roloff Janina , Aldrup Karen , Köller Olaf 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough research on mathematics learning programs has taken off in recent years, little is known about how different person characteristics are related to practice behaviour with such programs. When implementing a mathematics learning program in the classroom, it might be important to know whether students with specific characteristics need more encouragement to make use of this learning opportunity.ObjectivesUsing a supply‐use model, we analysed the predictive power of students' cognitive characteristics (prior mathematics knowledge), personality traits (conscientiousness), motivational‐affective characteristics (mathematics self‐concept and mathematics anxiety), and family background characteristics (socioeconomic status and migration background) for practising with an adaptive arithmetic learning program.MethodsWe used longitudinal data from 203 fifth graders from seven non‐academic‐track schools in Germany. Practice behaviour, measured by completed tasks in the learning program, was recorded weekly for every student over a period of 22 weeks.Results and ConclusionsThe results of our multilevel analyses showed that mathematics anxious students practised less with the program. We did not find any relationship with the other characteristics.TakeawaysOur results suggest that mathematics anxious students need more encouragement when practising with a mathematics learning program; otherwise, they do not get the chance to benefit from the use.
Understanding the evolution of cognitive engagement with interaction levels in online learning environments: Insights from learning analytics and epistemic network analysis
Authors: Guo Liming , Du Junlei , Zheng Qinhua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is a strong association between interactions and cognitive engagement, which is crucial for constructing new cognition and knowledge. Although interactions and cognitive engagement have attracted extensive attention in online learning environments, few studies have revealed the evolution of cognitive engagement with interaction levels.ObjectivesThe study aims to automatically identify learners' interactions and cognitive engagement and then analyse the evolution of learners' cognitive engagement with interaction levels and during different stages of online learning.MethodsThe participants of the study were learners who participated in an online open course. Their text data from discussion forums on five learning themes were collected. Data were analysed using text mining and ENA.ResultsLearners' cognitive engagement in online learning was related to interaction levels. As learners' online interaction levels changed from surface to deep, cognitive engagement levels changed from low to high. With the continuous occurrence of deep interactions, cognitive feedback became more complex. At the social–emotional interaction level, although learners' cognitive engagement levels began to change from low to high, complex cognitive feedback was still insufficient. In addition, the analysis of the evolution of cognitive engagement during different stages of online learning showed that learners' patterns of cognitive engagement changed significantly as the learning process continued, from initially dynamic and complex to a stable development pattern.ImplicationsThe results of the study are of theoretical significance and practical guidance for further understanding the relationship between online interaction levels and cognitive engagement as well as the process of online collaborative knowledge exploration, construction, and even connectivity.
Adjunctive locally and systemically delivered antimicrobials during surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis: A systematic review
Authors: Teughels Wim , Seyssens Lorenz , Christiaens Véronique , Temmerman Andy , Castro Ana B. , Cosyn Jan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo answer the following PICOS question: “In patients with peri‐implantitis, what is the efficacy of surgical therapy with adjunctive systemic or local antimicrobials, in comparison with surgical therapy alone, in terms of pocket probing depth reduction, as assessed in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with at least 6 months of follow‐up?”Materials and MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted. Reduction in mean probing pocket depth (PPD) was the primary outcome. Secondary clinical outcomes were changes in suppuration (%), changes in bleeding on probing (BOP) (%), marginal bone level changes (mm), disease resolution (%), and implant/prosthesis loss (%). Patient‐reported outcome measures, possible adverse effects, and oral‐health‐related quality of life were also extracted if such data were available.ResultsFour RCTs assessing the use of locally (two RCTs) and systemically (two RCTs) administered antimicrobial adjuncts to surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis, with 6–36‐month follow‐up, were included. Because of the substantial heterogeneity of interventions between the studies, meta‐analysis could not be performed. A reduction in the mean PPD was observed following all the involved surgical treatments, irrespective of the addition of antimicrobials. Except for the effect of systemic antimicrobials on marginal bone level changes and local antimicrobials on BOP, the effect of systemic and local antimicrobials was equivocal for all secondary outcome measures.ConclusionsBased on the limited available evidence, the adjunctive use of the currently tested systemic or local antimicrobials during surgical therapy, in comparison with surgical therapy alone, in patients with peri‐implantitis does not seem to improve the clinical efficacy. With regard the use of systemic antimicrobials, only 50% of the cases showed disease resolution after 1 year. There is a lack of studies that consider the sole use of local antimicrobials. Therefore, their true effect remains unclear.
Periodontitis and low cognitive performance: A population‐based study
Authors: Marruganti Crystal , Baima Giacomo , Aimetti Mario , Grandini Simone , Sanz Mariano , Romandini Mario 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo study the epidemiological association between periodontitis and low cognitive performance among older adults, within a representative sample of the U.S. population.Materials and MethodsData from 2086 older adults (≥60 years old), representative of 77.1 million people, were retrieved from the NHANES 2011‐2014 database. Periodontitis cases were identified and classified according to the AAP/CDC criteria (mild, moderate, and severe). Cognitive function was assessed through the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD), the animal fluency test (AFT), the digit symbol substitution test (DSST), and the global cognition score. The lowest non‐survey weighted quartile for each cognitive test was defined as low cognitive performance. Simple and multiple regression analyses were performed.ResultsModerate and severe periodontitis were significantly associated with a low DSST performance (OR = 1.66 and OR = 2.97, respectively). Each millimetre increase in mean CAL was associated with a lower AFT (OR = 1.44), DSST (OR = 1.86), and global cognition (OR = 1.50) performance.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study suggest the existence of an independent association between periodontitis and low cognitive performance among older adults (≥60 years old).
Neuroinflammation related to the blood–brain barrier and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate in a pre‐clinical model of periodontal diseases and depression in rats
Authors: Martín‐Hernández David , Martínez María , Robledo‐Montaña Javier , Muñoz‐López Marina , Virto Leire , Ambrosio Nagore , Marín Maria José , Montero Eduardo , Herrera David , Sanz Mariano , Leza Juan C. , Figuero Elena , García‐Bueno Borja 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo explore the potential mechanisms of neuroinflammation (microglia, blood–brain barrier [BBB] permeability, and the sphingosine‐1‐phosphate [S1P] pathways) resulting from the association between periodontitis and depression in rats.Materials and MethodsThis pre‐clinical in vivo experimental study used Wistar rats, in which experimental periodontitis (P) was induced by using oral gavages with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Then, a chronic mild stress (CMS) model was implemented to induce a depressive‐like behaviour, resulting in four groups: P with CMS (P+CMS+), P without CMS (P+CMS−), CMS without P (P−CMS+), and control (P−CMS−). After harvesting brain samples, protein/mRNA expression analyses and fluorescence immunohistochemistry were performed in the frontal cortex (FC). Results were analysed by ANOVA.ResultsCMS exposure increased the number of microglia (an indicator of neuroinflammation) in the FC. In the combined model (P+CMS+), there was a decrease in the expression of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens‐1 [ZO‐1], occludin) and an increase in intercellular and vascular cell adhesion molecules (ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), suggesting a more severe disruption of the BBB. The enzymes and receptors of S1P were also differentially regulated.ConclusionsMicroglia, BBB permeability, and S1P pathways could be relevant mechanisms explaining the association between periodontitis and depression.
Nocardia seriolae mediates liver granulomatous chronic inflammation in Micropterus salmoides through pyroptosis
Authors: Zhou Zheng‐Yang , Bai Shang‐Jie , Lu Chen‐Wang , Yang Bin , Wang Jun , Lian Sheng , Jian Zheng‐Ran , Wang Er‐Long , Wang Gao‐Xue , Liu Tao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGranulomatous diseases caused by Nocardia seriously endanger the health of cultured fish. These bacteria are widely distributed, but prevention and treatment methods are very limited. Chronic granulomatous inflammation is an important pathological feature of Nocardia infection. However, the molecular mechanisms of granuloma formation and chronic inflammation are still unclear. Constructing a granuloma infection model of Nocardia is the key to exploring the pathogenesis of the disease. In this study, we established a granuloma model in the liver of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and assessed the infection process of Nocardia seriolae at different concentrations by analysing relevant pathological features. By measuring the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors and a pyroptosis‐related protein, we revealed the close relationship between pyroptosis and chronic inflammation of granulomas. We further analysed the immunofluorescence results and the expression of pyroptosis‐related protein of macrophage infected by N. seriolae and found that N. seriolae infection induced macrophage pyroptosis in vitro. These results were proved by flow cytometry analysis of infection experiment in vivo. Our results indicated that the pyroptosis effect may be the key to inducing chronic inflammation in the fish liver and further mediating granuloma formation. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanism underlying chronic inflammation of granulomas and developed research ideas for understanding the occurrence and development of granulomatous diseases in fish.
Extraction kinetics and physicochemical characteristics of Colombian propolis
Authors: Barrientos‐Lezcano Juan C. , Gallo‐Machado Jacobo , Marin‐Palacio Luz D. , Builes Santiago 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPropolis, a resinous matter collected by Apis mellifera bees from exudates of plants, exhibits different biological properties, such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and antioxidant activities. Standardization of the extraction of their bioactive compounds is a complex issue in particular for rural regions in developing countries due to the need for specialized equipment and personnel. Herein, kinetic extractions by maceration over 7 days were compared with ultrasound and supercritical fluids extractions in terms of the polyphenolic content obtained. Ultrasound showed the fastest kinetic extraction for each propolis without affecting the antioxidant activity. Supercritical fluids showed the lowest polyphenolic content recovery and no selectivity for antioxidant activity, in agreement with the solubility predictions. The main difference among the extraction methods was the extraction time required to reach the equilibrium concentration. No significant differences in selectivity were observed for the different methods. The antioxidant activity remained almost constant with the extraction method and extraction time, indicating similar extraction kinetics for the extracted polyphenols. We found that the physicochemical characteristics and UV‐vis spectra could be used as predictors of the polyphenolic contents for the studied samples.Practical ApplicationEven though most of the beneficial properties to the human health of the propolis extracts depend largely on the compounds present in the matrix and their extractability, the evaluation of these compounds and their biological activities might be costly and time‐consuming for beekeepers, particularly in developing countries. Also, the extraction method and the extraction time are important decisions that significantly affect the economics of the propolis production process. The main difference among extraction methods was the extraction time required to reach equilibrium and no significant differences in selectivity were observed for the different methods. Moreover, it was found that simple parameters such as ash and moisture can be used as predictors of the polyphenolic contents and antioxidant activity of the propolis, and they can provide important information about the handling during harvest, transport, and storage of the propolis.
Estimation of Panel Data Models with Mixed Sampling Frequencies*
Authors: Yang Yimin , Jia Fei , Li Haoran 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStandard panel models usually assume that data are available at the same frequency. Occasionally, researchers might work with variables sampled at different frequencies. A common practice is to aggregate all variables to the same frequency by an equal weighting scheme. We show that such a simple aggregation scheme results in biases for common estimators. We propose a data‐driven method to determine weights for aggregation. We further demonstrate that, in contrast with single‐frequency panel models, the Mundlak device and the Chamberlain's approach lead to different estimators for panels with mixed sampling frequencies. The proposed estimators have satisfying finite sample performances in various simulation designs. As an empirical illustration, we apply the new method to the estimation of the effects of temperature fluctuations on economic growth. The empirical evidence shows that the temperature shocks mainly work through the level effect instead of the growth effect for poor countries.
Mid‐ to Long‐term Follow‐up of Severe Acetabular Bone Defect after Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty Using Impaction Bone Grafting and Metal Mesh
Authors: Yang Chao , Zhu Kechao , Dai Huiyong , Zhang Xianlong , Wang Qiaojie , Wang Qi 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveIn revision total hip arthroplasty (THA), reconstruction of severe acetabular bone defect continues to be problematic for orthopedic surgeons. This study reports the mid‐ to long‐term survivorship, radiological outcomes, and complications of impaction bone grafting (IBG) and metal mesh with a cemented acetabular component in the reconstruction of severe acetabular bone defects in revision THA.MethodsThis retrospective consecutive study included 26 patients (29 hips: type II B, four; type II C, three; type III A, 10; and type III B, 12) who underwent revision THA, which was performed using IBG and metal mesh, between 2007 and 2014 in our institution. All patients were followed up regularly for clinical and radiographical assessments. Migration and loosening of prosthesis graft integration and complications were observed and analyzed. Survival analysis was performed using a Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.ResultsAt the time of revision, 75.9% of the hips (22 hips) were classified as type III bone defects. The average follow‐up period was 9.4 ± 2.8 (range, 2.4–14.0) years. Of the 29 hips, four hips (13.8%) were assessed as clinical failures; at the last follow‐up, two had undergone re‐revision THA, and two had not been scheduled for re‐revision THA despite radiological failure of the acetabular component. Among them, three clinical failures (10.3%) were due to aseptic loosening, and one (3.4%) was due to infection. Radiographic evaluation showed bone graft integration in all hips during the follow‐up. The Kaplan–Meier survivorship analysis revealed an acetabular reconstruction survival rate of 86.5% (95% confidence interval, 61.4%–95.7%) at 10 years.ConclusionIBG and metal mesh with a cemented acetabular component for revision THA is an effective technique for treating severe acetabular bone defects, with effective mid‐ to long‐term outcomes due to the solid reconstruction of the acetabular bone defect and restoration of the hip rotation center.
Macrophages in juvenile pig testis: Link with increase in Sertoli cells induced by oestradiol suppression
Authors: Kang Soyeon , Berger Trish 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMacrophage presence and location were evaluated in juvenile boar testes at the end of the first wave of Sertoli cell proliferation. Macrophage presence was compared in littermate boars treated with letrozole, a treatment which extended this first wave of proliferation beyond the sampling timepoint. Macrophages were identified as the CD68 positive cells following immunohistochemical labelling of paraffin sections and parenchymal macrophages enumerated. Macrophages present in a layer beneath the tunica albuginea received a score based on density and thickness of this layer. Density within the testicular parenchyma was highly variable in vehicle‐treated boars (>100‐fold) and did not differ from that observed in the letrozole‐treated littermates. However, the macrophage layer beneath the tunica albuginea was denser and thicker in the letrozole‐treated animals than in their vehicle‐treated littermates. This suggests that macrophages might be involved in the letrozole‐induced prolongation of Sertoli cell proliferation.
Anti‐protease levels in cystic fibrosis are associated with lung function, recovery from pulmonary exacerbations and may be gender‐related
Authors: Essilfie Ama‐Tawiah , Houston Neralee , Maniam Pramila , Hartel Gunter , Okano Satomi , Reid David W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveNeutrophil elastase (NE), is an important host defence against lung pathogens. Maintaining a homeostatic balance between proteases such as NE and anti‐proteases such as secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), is important to prevent tissue damage. In the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung, elevated protease levels and impaired anti‐protease defences contribute to tissue destruction.MethodsWe assessed lung function and sputum SLPI and NE levels fromPseudomonas aeruginosainfected and non‐infected CF patients (median age 20 years at recruitment) during different phases of clinical disease. Healthy, never smokers served as healthy controls (HC). Sputum total cell counts (TCC) and colony forming units ofP. aeruginosawere also determined in each sputum sample.ResultsCompared to HC, sputum SLPI was significantly reduced and NE increased in all CF subjects whether infected withP. aeruginosaor not, but the presence ofP. aeruginosaworsened these parameters. Females with chronicP. aeruginosainfection had significantly lower sputum SLPI levels than males (p < 0.001). Higher sputum SLPI levels were associated with a significantly reduced rate of longitudinal decline in FEV1% predicted (p < 0.05). Antibiotic treatment inP. aeruginosa‐infected patients significantly decreased sputum TCC and increased SLPI levels, which positively correlated with improved lung function.ConclusionAirway SLPI is deficient in CF, which appears more marked inP. aeruginosa‐infected female patients. Importantly, a reduced anti‐protease to protease ratio is associated with accelerated lung function decline. Treatment of an exacerbation is accompanied by partial recovery of anti‐protease defences and significant improvement in lung function, an important clinical outcome.
Nintedanib in Asian patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases: Results from the INBUILD trial
Authors: Inoue Yoshikazu , Wells Athol U. , Song Jin Woo , Xu Zuojun , Kitamura Hideya , Suda Takafumi , Okamoto Masaki , Müller Heiko , Coeck Carl , Rohr Klaus B. , Kolb Martin , Brown Kevin K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveIn the INBUILD trial in patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), nintedanib reduced the rate of decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) with an adverse event profile characterized mainly by gastrointestinal events. We analysed the effects of nintedanib in the subset of Asian subjects.MethodsSubjects with fibrosing ILDs other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who had shown progression of ILD at any time within the prior 24 months despite management deemed appropriate in clinical practice were randomized to receive nintedanib or placebo. We analysed the rate of decline in FVC (ml/year) over 52 weeks in all Asian subjects and in Asian subjects with a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP)‐like fibrotic pattern on high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT).ResultsOne hundred sixty‐four subjects in the INBUILD trial were of Asian race. The rate of decline in FVC (ml/year) over 52 weeks in this subgroup was −116.8 in the nintedanib group and −207.9 in the placebo group (difference: 91.0 [95% CI: 8.1, 173.9]; nominal p = 0.03). In Asian subjects with a UIP‐like fibrotic pattern on HRCT, the rate of decline in FVC (ml/year) over 52 weeks was −130.1 in the nintedanib group and −224.2 in the placebo group (difference: 94.1 [5.5, 182.7]; nominal p = 0.04). Adverse events led to treatment discontinuation in 19.0% of the nintedanib group and 13.8% of the placebo group.ConclusionIn Asian patients with progressive fibrosing ILDs, nintedanib reduced the rate of decline in FVC with adverse events that were manageable for most patients.
Core social motives explain responses to collective action issues
Authors: Geiger Nathaniel , Brick Cameron 
Published: January 2023

AbstractManaging collective action issues such as pandemics and climate change requires major social and behavioral change. Dominant approaches to addressing these issues center around information provision and financial incentives to shift behavior, yet, these approaches are rarely effective without integrating insights from psychological research on motivation. By accurately characterizing human motives, social scientists can identify when and why individuals engage, and facilitate behavior change and public engagement. Here, we use the core social motives model to sort social psychological theories into five fundamental social motives: to Belong, Understand, Control, self‐Enhance, and Trust. We explain how each motive can improve or worsen collective action issues, and how this framework can be further developed towards a comprehensive social psychological perspective to collective action issues.