bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship of Caries Risk Factor and Caries Experience Index
Authors: Silfia Aida , Sukarsih Sukarsih , Muliadi Muliadi 
Published: September 2023

Dental caries is the most common disease in the oral cavity. Caries in school children is increasing every year. Many factors cause dental caries, including food content, feeding frequency, plaque abundance, fluorine program, salivary secretion, and buffer capacity. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for caries with the number of Decay Missing Filling Teeth in 5th-grade students at SDN.22 / VI in Jambi City.
This research is an observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study population was the 5th-grade students of SDN.22 / VI Jambi City, and the entire population is the object of research. The data were collected by filling out questionnaires and examination sheets to determine caries risk factors for DMF-T numbers. This study analyzed the data statistically using chi-square analysis to see the risk factors for caries with the Decay Missing Filling Teeth number for 5th-grade students of SDN.22 / VI, Jambi City.
The results of this study state that there is no significant relationship between diseases that affect the DMF-T number (P value = 0.543). There is a significant relationship between food content and DMF-T numbers (P value = 0.000). A significant relationship was found between the frequency of eating with the DMF-T number (P value = 0.000), and there is no significant relationship between the fluorine program and the DMF-T rate in 5th-grade students of SDN.22 / VI Jambi City (P value = 0.464.)
The Effect of Health Promotion - Dalihan Na Tolu in The Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Risk Groups of The Mandailing Tribe in Padangsidimpuan City
Authors: Soep Soep , Siagian Albiner , Sirega Fazidah A , Mutiara Erna 
Published: September 2023

The local wisdom of the Batak people, known as Dalihan Na Tolu, should be able to develop its usefulness through the involvement of family members in the prevention of a disease. The consequences of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) are very serious for sufferers. This chronic disease can cause various complications in the blood vessels, hypoglycemic conditions, fear of hypoglycemia, and fear of long-term consequences can cause a decrease in the quality of life of sufferers. Data from the Padangsidimpuan City Health Office in 2020 shows that there are 2,076 people with DM in Padangsidimpuan City, with a prevalence rate of 0.94 percent, spread over 10 health centers. The purpose of this study was to prove the effect of Health Promotion - Dalihan Na Tolu in the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Risk Groups in the Mandailing Tribe in Padangsidimpuan City. This type of research is an experiment with one group pre-test-post-test design, on 16 samples. Data analysis with paired sample t test. Padangmatinggi Health Center with the highest DM sufferers 428 people. There has never been a cultural approach to DNT before in an effort to prevent the occurrence of type 2 DM at risk groups. Therefore, an approach to social conditions that applies locally is needed, in designing a health promotion model with a DNT cultural approach to prevent the occurrence of DM type 2 at risk groups in the Mandailing Tribe in Padangsidimpuan City. This study aims to design a health promotion model with a DNT approach in preventing Type 2 DM at risk groups in the Mandailing Tribe in Padangsidimpuan City. This research is qualitative research with a participatory action research approach consisting of five stages, namely: information, consultation, joint decision making, acting together and supporting the interests of independent communities. The number of informants is 16 people. The stages of data analysis are: data reduction, data exposure, drawing conclusions and leveraging. The pattern of implementing health promotion in an effort to prevent diabetes mellitus through the Dalihan Na Tolu approach is considered effective using the diffusion of innovation, so that there is a pattern of behavior that changes towards healthy behavior by preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus in risk groups in the Mandailing Tribe in Padangsidimpuan City. The City of Padangsidimpuan to apply the DNT approach with a participatory approach in carrying out efforts to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is carried out in an integrated and cross-sectoral collaboration with other agencies. Efforts are suggested to invite traditional leaders with Dalihan Na Tolu to be involved in using a cultural approach in health promotion as informants, but also to act as important agents of change to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the program.
ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺗﻠﻔﺯﻳﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺷﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻣﻛﺎﻓﺣﺔ ﺣﺷﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺫﺑﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺿﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺷﺟﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺿﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﺩﻯ ﺍﺳﺗﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﺻﺣﺎﺏ ﺑﺳﺎﺗﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺿﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ
Authors: ﺃﺷﻭﺍﻕ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺯﺍﻕ ﻧﺎﺟﻲ  
Published: September 2023

اﺴـﺘﻬدف اﻟﺒﺤـث اﻟوﻗـوف ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟـدور اﻟـذي ﻗﺎﻤـت ﺒـﻪ اﻟﺒـ ارﻤﺞ اﻟﺘﻠﻔزﻴوﻨﻴـﺔ اﻹرﺸـﺎدﻴﺔ
اﻟز ارﻋﻴــﺔ ﻓــﻲ ﻨﺸــر اﻟﻤﻌﻠوﻤــﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘــﺔ ﺒﻤﻛﺎﻓﺤــﺔ ﺤﺸــرة اﻟذﺒﺎﺒــﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﻀــﺎء ﻋﻠــﻰ أﺸــﺠﺎر
اﻟﺤﻤﻀــﻴﺎت ﻤــن ﺨــﻼﻝ ﺘﺤدﻴــد ﻤﺴــﺘوى اﺴــﺘﻔﺎدة أﺼــﺤﺎب ﺒﺴــﺎﺘﻴن اﻟﺤﻤﻀــﻴﺎت ﻤــن ﻫــذﻩ
اﻟﻤﻌﻠوﻤـﺎت ٬ وﻗـد اﺴـﺘﺨدﻤت طرﻴﻘـﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴـﻝ اﻟﻤﺤﺘـوى ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴـﻝ ﻤﻀـﻤون اﻟﻔﻘـ ارت اﻟﻤﻘدﻤـﺔ ﻤـن
ﺨـﻼﻝ ﻫـذﻩ اﻟﺒـ ارﻤﺞ ﻋـن ﻫـذﻩ اﻟﺤﺸـرة ﻟﻠﺘﻌـرف ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤـﺎ ﺘـم ﺘﻘدﻴﻤـﻪ ﻤـن ﻤوﻀـوﻋﺎت وأﺴـﺎﻟﻴب
ﺘﻘــدﻴﻤﻬﺎ ٬ ﻛﻤــﺎ اﺴــﺘﺨدﻤت طرﻴﻘــﺔ ﺠﻤــﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﻠوﻤــﺎت ﻤﻴــداﻨﻴﺎ واﺨﺘﻴــر ﻗﻀــﺎء اﻟﺨــﺎﻟص ﻤﻛﺎﻨــﺎ
ﻹﺠ ارﺌﻬﺎ وﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨدام اﻻﺴﺘﺒﻴﺎن اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻛوﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎت ﻟﻠﺘﻌـرف ﻋﻠـﻰ أ ارء أﺼـﺤﺎب
ﺒﺴﺎﺘﻴن اﻟﺤﻤﻀﻴﺎت ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺘم ﺘﻘدﻴﻤﻪ ﻤن ﻤوﻀوﻋﺎت ﻋـن ﻫـذﻩ اﻟﺤﺸـرة ﻤـن ﺨـﻼﻝ ﻫـذﻩ اﻟﺒـ ارﻤﺞ
وﻤدى اﺴﺘﻔﺎدﺘﻬم ﻤﻨﻬﺎ واﻟﻤوﻀوﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻟم ﻴﺤﺼﻠوا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﻠوﻤﺎت اﻟﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ وأﺴﺎﻟﻴب
اﻟﺘﻘـدﻴم اﻟﻤﻔﻀـﻠﺔ ﻟـدﻴﻬم ﻟﻠﺘﻘـدﻴم . ﻛﻤـﺎ اﺴـﺘﻬدف اﻟﺒﺤـث ﺘﺤدﻴـد اﻟﻌﻼﻗـﺔ ﺒـﻴن ﻤﺴـﺘوى اﺴـﺘﻔﺎدة
اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺠوﺒﻴن ﻤن ﻫذﻩ اﻟﺒ ارﻤﺞ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠق ﺒﺤﺸرة اﻟذﺒﺎﺒﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎء وﻛـﻝ ﻤـن اﻟﻌواﻤـﻝ اﻟﻤﺴـﺘﻘﻠﺔ:

(اﻟﻌﻤر ٬ اﻟﻤﺴﺘوى اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ ٬ اﻟﺨﺒرة اﻟز ارﻋﻴﺔ ) .

وﻗد أظﻬرت ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺘﺤﻠﻴـﻝ اﻟﻤﺤﺘـوى إن ﻋـدد اﻟﻔﻘـ ارت اﻟﻤﻘدﻤـﺔ ﻤـن ﺨـﻼﻝ ﻫـذﻩ اﻟﺒـ ارﻤﺞ
ﻋـن ﻫـذﻩ اﻟﺤﺸـرة ﻻ ﻴﺘﻨﺎﺴـب ﻤـﻊ ﺨطـورة اﻹﺼـﺎﺒﺔ ﺒﻬـﺎ ٬ ﻛﻤـﺎ ﺘﺒـﻴن إن ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﻤوازﻨـﺔ ﻓـﻲ
اﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴـد ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻤوﻀـوﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘـﺔ ﺒﻬـذﻩ اﻟﺤﺸـرة ﻟـم ﻴـﺘم أﺨـذﻫﺎ ﺒﻨظـر اﻻﻋﺘﺒـﺎر ﻋﻨـد اﺨﺘﻴـﺎر
اﻟﻤوﻀوﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﻘدﻤﺔ ٬ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟم ﻴﺘم ﺘﻨﺎوﻝ ﻤوﻀوﻋﺎت ﻤﻬﻤﺔ أﺨرى ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻬذﻩ اﻟﺤﺸرة وﻛـﺎن
أﺴــﻠوب اﻟﺤــدﻴث ﻫــو اﻟطــﺎﻏﻲ ﻟﺘﻘــدﻴم ﻓﻘــ ارت ﻫــذﻩ اﻟﺒــ ارﻤﺞ ﻓﻴﻤــﺎ ﻗــﻝ اﺴــﺘﺨدام اﻷﺴــﺎﻟﻴب

اﻷﺨرى .
أﻤـﺎ ﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ اﻟد ارﺴـﺔ اﻟﻤﻴداﻨﻴـﺔ ٬ ﻓﻘـد أظﻬـرت إن ﻨﺴـﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌـﺔ واﻻﺴـﺘﻔﺎدة ﻤـن ﻫـذﻩ
اﻟﺒ ارﻤﺞ ﻤن ﻗﺒﻝ أﺼﺤﺎب ﺒﺴﺎﺘﻴن اﻟﺤﻤﻀﻴﺎت ﻛﺎﻨـت ﻋﺎﻟﻴـﺔ إﻻ إن ﻤـدى اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌـﺔ واﻻﺴـﺘﻔﺎدة
ﻛﺎن ﺒدرﺠﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ وﻗد ﻋزى اﻏﻠﺒﻬم ذﻟك اﻟـﻰ ﻋـدة أﺴـﺒﺎب ﻤﻨﻬـﺎ ﻋـدم ﻤﻌـرﻓﺘﻬم ﺒﺎﻟوﻗـت اﻟﻤﺤـدد
ﻗﺭﺍءﺓ ﺣﺩﻳﺛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺻﻭﺹ ﺷﻌﺭﻳﺔ ﻗﺩﻳﻣﺔ ﻗﺻﻳﺩﺓ ﻗﻌﻧﺏ ﺑﻥ ﺃﻡ ﺻﺎﺣﺏ ﻧﻣﻭﺫﺟﺎً
Authors: ﺩ. ﻧﺟﻡ ﻣﺟﻳﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻬﺩﻱ  
Published: September 2023

أﻫداﻨﻲ ﺼدﻴق ﻛﺘـﺎب ﻤﺨﺘـﺎ ارت أﺸـﻌﺎر اﻟﻌـرب ﻻﺒـن اﻟﺸـﺠري اﻟﻤﺘـوﻓﻰ ﺴـﻨﺔ ٥٤٢ ﻫـ ٬
وﻛﻌﺎدﺘﻲ أﺴرﻋت اﻟﻰ ﺘﺼﻔﺤﻪ أوﻻً وﻗ ارءﺘﻪ ﻗ ارءة دﻗﻴﻘـﺔ ﺜﺎﻨﻴـﺎ ٬ً وﻛﺘـﺎب ﻤﺨﺘـﺎ ارت اﺒـن اﻟﺸـﺠري
ﻨﻔﻴس ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺤوﻴﻪ ﻤن ﻗﺼﺎﺌد ﻨـﺎدرة وﺠﻤﻴﻠـﺔ ﻟﺸـﻌ ارء ﺠـﺎﻫﻠﻴﻴن ٕواﺴـﻼﻤﻴﻴن ﻤـﻊ طﺎﺌﻔـﺔ ﻛﺒﻴـرة ﻤـن
اﻟﺸروح واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎت اﻟﻤﻔﻴدة ٬ وﺒﻌد ﻗ ارءة اﻟﻨﺼوص وﺠدت ﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻤﺸدوداً اﻟﻰ ﻗﺼـﻴدة اﻟﺸـﺎﻋر
ﻗَ ْﻌَﻨـب ﺒـن أم ﺼـﺎﺤب ٬ ﻟﻨﻔﺎﺴـﺘﻬﺎ وﺠودﺘﻬـﺎ ﻓوﻟـد ﻓـﻲ ذﻫﻨـﻲ ﻤﺸـروع ﺒﺤـث ﻴـدور ﺤـوﻝ ﻫـذﻩ
اﻟﻘﺼﻴدة وﻓﻲ اﻟﺒداﻴﺔ ﻛﻨت أﻋﺘﻘد أﻨﻲ ﺴﺄﺠد أﺨﺒﺎ اًر وأﺸﻌﺎ اًر أﺨرى ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻋر ﻏﻴـر ان ﻤﺤـﺎوﻻﺘﻲ
ﺒﺎءت ﺒﺎﻟﻔﺸﻝ ﻓﻠم أﺠد ﻟﻪ أي ﺸﻌر ﺴـوى ﻫـذﻩ اﻟﻘﺼـﻴدة إﻟـﻰ ﺠﺎﻨـب ﻨـدرة اﻷﺨﺒـﺎر اﻟـواردة ﻋـن

ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﻓﻘﻌﻨب ﺒن أم ﺼﺎﺤب ٬ ﻤﻘﻝ ٬ ﻤﻐﻤور.
وﻫﻛـذا رﻛـزت اﻫﺘﻤـﺎﻤﻲ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫـذﻩ اﻟﻘﺼـﻴدة اﻟﻔرﻴـدة وﻗـد ﻗﺴـﻤت اﻟﺒﺤـث إﻟـﻰ ﻤﻘدﻤـﺔ

وﺜﻼث ﻤﺒﺎﺤث.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN HARGA SAHAM SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH STOCK SPLIT (Studi Kasus Pada Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Yang Melakukan Stock Split Periode Tahun 2018-2021)
Authors: Juanzoe Julyanto  , Abul Hasan Asy’ari  
Published: September 2023

Abstrak: Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui apakah: (1) stock split berpengaruh terhadap harga saham, (2) stock split berpengaruh terhadap abnormal return, pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efeke Indonesia pada tahun 2018-2021. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan yang melakukan stock split dan terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia sebanyak 16 perusahaan. Sedangkan sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini sebanyak 4 perusahaan yang dikategorikan dalam LQ45. Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini yaitu korelasional kuantitatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling, data diperoleh dari situs resmi Bursa Efek Indonesia yaitu www.idx.co.id. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah event study dengan periode jendela 20 hari sebelum dan 20 hari sesudah stock split. Analisis data menggunakan uji beda Paired Sample T-test untuk data yang berdistribusi normal dan uji beda Wilcoxon untuk data yang tidak berdistribusi normal. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) stock split sebelum dan sesudah tidak berpengaruh terhadap harga saham, (2) stock split sebelum dan sesudah tidak berpengaruh terhadap abnormal return.

Kata kunci: Stock Split, Harga Saham, Abnormal Return.
On Weighted Sum-Rate Maximization of Full-Duplex Systems in Presence of STAR-RIS
Authors: Kavianinia Mohammad Reza , Emadi Mohammad Javad , Sedaghat Mohammad Ali 
Published: September 2023

<p>A STAR-RIS assisted two-user full-duplex communication system is studied in which the multiantenna base station (BS) and single-antenna users are subject to maximum transmission power constraints. Firstly, for three well known protocols of STAR-RIS, weighted sum rate (WSR) is derived as the main performance metric. Next, the corresponding resource allocation problems are reformulated and converted into some equivalent weighted minimum mean-square-error forms and then transformed into several convex sub-problems. It is shown that this conversion allows us to solve the problems iteratively and efficiently. Although the original WSR optimization is non convex, the proposed efficient iterative alternating procedure is shown to achieve an acceptable sub-optimal performance. For the considered setup, the STAR-RIS’s tunable parameters are optimized via the successive convex approximation technique. Finally, the performance of the proposed schemes is compared against some baselines and shown to be superior to the conventional RIS.<br>
</p>
Range Space and Similarity Transformation using Symbolic Mathematics in Python
Authors: Wisassakwichai Chainarong 
Published: September 2023

<p> Linear systems involved in engineering and scientific calculations can be analyzed more easily using the mathematical tool of similarity transformation. However, understanding the numerous abstract linear algebra theorems associated with this transformation can be quite challenging. In this paper, we present computational methods for systematizing these theorems using SymPy (a symbolic mathematics library) in the Python programming language. The paper covers numerous theorems, including the basis of vector space, range space, null space, rank and nullity, eigenvalues, generalized eigenvectors, eigenspace, and diagonal-Jordan canonical form transformations. These theorems are transformed into abstract data models, which are then represented as programmatic objects using Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) for processing input and output data. The aim of this paper is to provide a more efficient and effective means of displaying and applying these theorems through the use of computers. A Python programming language module was eventually created from the developed programmatic objects. It can be used for programming both offline on PC and online through the web application "SymPy Live," producing satisfactory computational results compared to MATLAB, even when used on mobile devices. </p>
Exopolysaccharide vaccine extracted from C.freundii induce immunity against infectional pathogens
Authors: F.Darweesh Mayyada 
Published: September 2023

Eleven isolates of Citrobacter. freundii were isolated from100 stool and urine specimens taken from diarrhea and recurrent –urinary tract infections (UTI) patients attended to AL-Sadar Hospital. specimens were cultured on specific media, then bacterial isolates were identified depending on morphological, biochemical and VITK-2. The results showed that the C. freundii comprise 11 / 78 (14.1 %) of total of positive bacterial growth on macConky agar from which 10.2 % isolated from patients suffering from diarrhea and 3.8 % isolated from UTIs . The results of determine efficient isolate in exopolysaccharide(EXP ) production revealed that C. freundii were isolated from recurrent -UTI was more mucoidy colonies and appeared highly biofilm formation with absorbancy 0.890 . The results of LD50 observed that a live suspension of C. freundii was 1×107 ,while HK E,coli was 2.3×108 finally EXP was 390 mg/ml .The immunomodulatory activity appear that EXP relaease moderate levels of proinflammatory biomarker ( IL-6 , TNF-α and IL-12) that enable immune system to clear pathogen . While HK E.coli and whole bacteria release higher proinflammatory biomarker especially during post-dose that lead to increased the hypersensitivity and hyperresponses of immune system. In other hand EXP stimulate release moderate concentration of anti-inflammatory biomarker IL-10 and higher eleveated during post dose but HK E.coli and whole bacteria higher concentration during primary dose while in post dose lower than EXP vaccine. A significant immunogenicity and effective protection was observed in immunized groups with EXP challenged with 100 of LD50 of a live C. freundii compared with control group of mice which died within first days .
Phenotypic and Genotypic Detection of PER β-Lactamase among Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Hilla Hospitals.
Authors: Mohammad  Jarallah Eman , Moeen Abbas Fatima 
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the prevalence of blaPER gene in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. During the period from April to August 2011, a total of 801 various clinical samples were collected from different hospitals in Hilla city. Of these,117 isolates were specified as K.pneumoniae . High prevalence of K.pneumoniae isolates were detected in stool samples 38 (27%) followed by sputum 19 (15%). All 117 K.pneumoniae isolates were primarily screened for- lactams resistance, 91 (78%) were found to be screen positive. β- lactam resistance isolates were underwent antimicrobial susceptibility to 26 antibiotics by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion methods .High resistance rate was recorded for penicillins (carbenicillin and ampicillin) with rates of resistance of (99%) and (94.5%),respectively .Carbapenem resistance was reported in 17 (18.7%) of K. pneumoniae isolates. Phenotypic detection of extended spectrum β- lactamase by CHROMagar technique identified a proportion of 17(100%) as ESBL producers. The presence of blaPER gene was checked by Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) and confirmed in 10 (82.3%) of isolates.
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in Patients with Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Al-Najaf Governorate / Iraq
Authors: H. Taher Jasim , J. Khdeir Muneer , A. Mughamis Hassan , A. Auda Mohammed , R. Raham Hussein 
Published: September 2023

Intestinal parasites is still an important public health problem. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, 600 stool samples were examined by direct and concentration method . This study was conducted during September 2014 till April 2015 . The patients were classified as coming from rural and urban area. The most common parasites were Entamoeba histolytica (61.2%), followed by Giardia lamblia (19.1%), Cryptosporidium spp. (7.4%), Chilomastix mesnili (6.8%) and Trichomonas hominis (5.5%) . The positive cases were evaluated according to rural and urban environmental criteria, and the most of them were found in urban (55%) and rural (45%). The prevalence among gender with males having the highest (63%) compared to females(37%).
Frequency of Metallo-β-Lactamases Producing Klebsiella pnumoniae in Burn Wound Isolates
Authors: Atyia Hammoudi Abbas , N. Hussein Azhar , Sh. Jebur Mohammed 
Published: September 2023

From the period 1 /3 /2016 to 30 / 8 / 2016, 210 swabs were collected from the burn patients hospitalized in different hospitals in Baghdad City: Al-Karama Teaching Hospital, Special Burn Hospital, Central Teaching Laboratories, Child protection Teaching Hospital, Imam Ali Hospital. Forty two isolates (37.5 %) showed a growth of Klebsiella pneumonia, and the remaining isolates (62.5%) were belonged to other bacteria. Identification of all isolates were carried out depending on macroscopic, microscopic characterizations, conventional biochemical tests and Api 20E system. Metallo -β lactamase (MBL) enzymes were screen by three different phenotypic methods (DDST, CMDT and MHT) in which 10µg meropenem antibiotic disk has selected to all phenotypic methods. Susceptibility test done with antibiotic disks of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, imipenem, meropenem, gentamicin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The percentage of resistance isolates were presented as, Tetracycline (95.23%), Cefotaxime (85.71%), Trimethoprim- Sulfamethoxazol (83.33%), Aztreonam (71.42%), Ceftazidime (69.04%), Ciprofloxacin (59.52%), Gentamycin (26.19%), Imipenem (21.42%), Meropenem and Amikacin (19.04 %).
The prevalence of brucellosis of farm animals using serum- and milk- ELISA test in Al- Najaf province
Authors: A.Hatem Abdulameer 
Published: September 2023

A total of 412 milk and sera samples were collected from the same animals of 88 buffaloes, 212 cattle, 84 sheep and 28 goat were screened by indirect ELISA (i ELISA) milk confirmed with serum i- ELISA. The results of seropositive i-ELISA were 121(29.36%) from all farm animals and distributed to 20 (22.27%) buffaloes, 36 (16.98%) cattle , 56(66.6%) sheep and 9 (32.14%) goat . The positive results of milk i ELISA were 89 (21.6%) from all farm animals and distributed to 8 (9.09%) , 32 (15.09%) , 44(52.83%) and 5(17.85%) represent buffaloes , cattle , sheep and goat respectively . epidemiological informations of animals collected by questionary about ( abortion , stillbirth and previous history vaccination against brucellosis) . The prevalence was relatively higher in sheep and goat followed by buffaloes and cattle . The sera and milk i ELISA test is only the best serological tests and has a high efficiency and accuracy in the diagnosis and inexpensive and can be used to control of the disease.
A Study of response to Burkholdaria cepacia
Authors: Fahim Abbas Alaa , Ahmed Kadum Samah 
Published: September 2023

The current study was aimed to evaluate immune response induced by Burkholdaria cepacia antigens to determine whether these antigens could be a useful immunogen for vaccine development against this bacteria. Four successive doses of OMP and killed antigen extracted from B. cepacia isolated from sputum of patients with lower respiratory tract infections were injected into rabbits using multisite injection protocol. We found that these antigens stimulate specific mucosal and systemic humoral immunoglobulin titers as well as to the significant increased (p≤ 0.05) in the total protein concentrations at serum and mucosal respiratory secretions in addition to the significant increase in the concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgM at rabbits sera. INF-γ concentrations were significant increased at serum and mucosal levels with stimulation of migration inhibition index of leukocytes. These immunogen induced positive skin test tuberculin type delayed hypersensitivity. Thus B. cepacia antigens were B and T cells dependent type, and could be a useful immunogen for vaccine development.
Pengaruh Lama Fermentasi Daun Salak Menggunakan Aspergillus Niger Terhadap Kualitas Fisik, pH Dan Bahan Kering (BK) Sebagai Pakan Ternak Domba
Authors: Hamdani Azizi Wisnu , Dian Wulansari Putri , Ardigurnita Firgian 
Published: September 2023

Masalah kecukupan pakan ternak domba sering terjadi di negara berkembang terutama Indonesia, Bagi peternak domba lokal yang sangat masih tergantung dengan bahan pakan lokal sering mendapati kesulitan untuk berkelanjutan ketersediaannya pakan hijauan, maka peternak perlu pengetahuan terhadap potensi limbah tanaman menjadi fermentasi. Daun salak segar mengandung Protein Kasar 9,91%, Lemak Kasar 2,23%, dan Serat Kasar 22,9%. Fermentasi berfungsi sebagai pengolahan untuk mengawetkan bahan dan cara untuk mengurangi zat racun yang terkandung dalam bahan pakan, fermentasi juga dapat menghasilakan bau aroma yang lebih disukai dari bahan yang tidak difermentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama fermentasi pada daun salak menggunakan Aspergillus niger terhadap warna, aroma, tekstur, pH, bahan kering (BK). Perlakuan pada penelitian ini adalah penambahan Aspergillus niger dengan level 2%, 2%, 2% dan 2, 4, 6, 8 hari. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan fermentasi daun salak menggunakan Aspergillus niger 2% dengan lama fermentasi 2, 4, 6 dan 8 hari dapat merubah karakteristik fisik daun salak baik dari warna, aroma, dan tekstur. Fermentasi daun salak menggunakan Aspergillus niger 2% dengan lama fermentasi 2, 4, 6 dan 8 hari menghasilkan nilai terbaik pH 5.38, BK 58.50%.
Kata Kunci : Aspergillus niger, Daun salak, Fermentasi
Intracycle Active Blade Pitch Control for Cross-Flow Tidal Turbines Using Embedded Electric Drive Systems
Authors: Zhao Zhao , Bennecke Timo , Hörner Stefan , Leidhold Roberto 
Published: September 2023

Cross-flow tidal turbines (CFTTs) have proven advantages over horizontal axis turbines in terms of high power density per unit area, simplicity of design, and operation independence from inflow direction. However, they suffer from an unsteady flow regime which can comprise dynamic blade stall and thus problems of material fatigue or even failure. Active pitch control mechanisms on blade level have been shown to provide a potential solution, when continuously adjusting the pitching angle of each individual blade during the whole rotational cycle of the turbine.
As part of the research of the OPTIDE project, in this study, electric drive systems embedded in the blades of a CFTT flume model are proposed aiming to realize an active pitch control with high efficiency and fast response. The blade embedded actuation allows for reasonable flow conditions. For full scaled on-site applications this is required to reduce hydrodynamic losses and to protect the actuators and electronics from the harsh environmental and operation conditions. Based on the expected hydrodynamic loads from numerical flow simulations (CFD), several types of actuators are considered. The first type has brushless DC motors installed at both sides of each blade. Along with a gear box with proper reduction ratio, the actuators are able to provide required torque within expected cycle period. The second type of actuator drives the blade directly, which always results in faster pitching action, higher drive efficiency, more accurate positioning of blades, as well as simpler structure. Specifically, the shaft of each blade is designed as the primary of a limited angle torque motor, while the blades are used as the secondary with magnets inside. To mitigate the potential saturation effect on the iron of the primary­, the blade can also be used as the primary, where there always exists much larger space for windings. In this case, the magnets are now located at the shaft. By doing this, it is expected to output larger torque in a wider range of pitching angle as compared with the original one, while almost the same power is required. An experimental test bench for a single blade with both types of actuators is built to verify their ability of a fast and accurate pitching control. This also lays the foundation of identifying the optimal pitching angle for the control and inhibition of dynamic blade stall at various flow conditions and blade positions within the rotational cycle of the turbines. After successful optimization and testing of the model scaled mechatronical design, the actuators will be up scaled for realistic applications.