bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0101 Greater Variability in Sleep Health is Associated with Obesogenic Appetitive Traits in 6-Year-Olds in the INSIGHT Study
Authors: Hohman Emily , Hernandez Erika , Dadzie Adwoa , Master Lindsay , Anzman-Frasca Stephanie , Paul Ian , Savage Jennifer , Buxton Orfeu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Poor sleep health is associated with increased risk for childhood obesity, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Eating behaviors may play a role. We examined the association between appetitive traits and objectively-measured sleep variables in 6-year-old children. We hypothesized that poorer or more variable sleep health measures would be associated with higher levels of food approach traits (food responsiveness, enjoyment of food, emotional overeating, and desire to drink), and lower levels of satiety responsiveness.

Methods
Participants were from an observational long-term follow-up of INSIGHT, an RCT of a responsive parenting intervention for first-time mothers compared to a safety control intervention. At age 6 years, children wore wrist actigraphy (Spectrum Plus) for 7 days to assess sleep. Children with ≥3 valid days were included in analyses (n=167). Mothers completed the Children’s Eating Behavior Questionnaire to assess appetitive traits. Separate regression models examined the association between appetitive traits and sleep variables (M/SD of nighttime total sleep time (TST), onset, offset, and midpoint of sleep timing, and sleep maintenance efficiency), controlling for intervention group, child age, sex, and overweight status.

Results
Mean TST was unrelated to appetitive traits; greater variability (SD) in TST was associated with higher food responsiveness (B=0.008, p=0.03) and desire to drink (B=0.010, p=0.04). Mean sleep onset time was unrelated to appetitive traits, but greater variability in sleep onset time was associated with higher desire to drink (B=0.686, p=0.004). Higher mean sleep maintenance efficiency was associated with higher satiety responsiveness (B=0.035, p=0.04) and lower enjoyment of food (B=-0.053, p=0.008). Greater variability in sleep maintenance efficiency was associated with higher enjoyment of food (B=0.092, p=0.03) and lower satiety responsiveness (B=-0.089, p=0.01). Emotional overeating was unrelated to sleep variables, and sleep offset and midpoint were unrelated to appetitive traits.

Conclusion
Other than sleep efficiency, mean levels of sleep health appear unrelated to appetitive traits, but greater variability in sleep health measures were associated with higher levels of potentially obesogenic traits and lower levels of protective traits. Future studies should examine whether promotion of sleep regularity can improve regulation of eating behavior and reduce childhood obesity risk.

Support (if any)
R01DK088244, KL2TR002015
0106 Prospective Sleep Patterns in Infants Later Diagnosed with ASD: A Case Series
Authors: Abel Emily , Schwichtenberg A J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep problems among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are pervasive across the lifespan. However, little is known about the emergence of sleep patterns in the months preceding a child’s diagnosis. It is unclear whether sleep problems precede diagnoses and the emergence of core diagnostic features, or whether they simply co-emerge with early behavioral markers across the first three years of life. Thus, our study examined prospective patterns of sleep and development from 6-36 months among children at high familial likelihood for ASD, beginning prior to features of ASD/atypical development.

Methods
Using a case series approach, participants included 9 children at high familial likelihood for ASD—3 who developed ASD, 3 who had early ASD concerns but did not develop ASD (ASD-C), and 3 who were typically developing (TD). Sleep was assessed using actigraphy. Developmental competence and ASD features were monitored using standardized assessments (ASOS-2 and MSEL) and parent reports (VABS, M-CHAT).

Results
All children with ASD experienced sleep difficulties in early development (e.g., extended night wakings). However, different patterns emerged for each child: adequate sleep at six months, followed by less severe but persistent sleep problems across development (case 1); low levels of sleep problems during early infancy, followed by improved sleep from 9-15 months and a sharp increase in sleep problems at 24 months (case 2); sleep problems at 9 and 12 months, followed by a decrease in sleep problems across the remainder of early development (case 3). In general, sleep problems emerged prior to ASD diagnoses and did not appear to covary with ASD symptoms. However, sleep problems for case 2 intensified in line with a significant regression in skills and the onset of ASD features at 24 months.

Conclusion
Sleep problems are a normative part of infancy for most children—including those with TD. However, sleep may begin to distinguish some children with ASD from their peers around 12 months of age. Although sleep problems appear most severe and persistent for children with ASD, patterns are variable and sleep intervention efforts should be individualized to meet the heterogeneity in ASD.

Support (if any)
R00 MH092431; PI Schwichtenberg.
0109 The Impact of Pubertal Development on Children’s Chronotype, Sleep and Changes in Mental Health
Authors: Peltz Jack , Magzoub Muram , Brew Nathanael 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Approximately 70% of adolescents do not obtain the required amount or quality of sleep expected for healthy functioning (Wheaton et al., 2018). Deficient sleep is so pervasive for adolescents that it could be considered an epidemic due to its adverse impact on mental and physical health (Shochat et al., 2014). Pubertal development tends to result in children’s delayed sleep phase, which has been linked to deficient sleep and greater psychosocial problems (Crowley et al., 2018; Owens et al., 2014). However, there is a paucity of research that has longitudinally examined these inter-related constructs. Accordingly, this study examined the longitudinal role of children’s pubertal development on their subsequent chronotype, sleep, and well-being.

Methods
Data were collected through the Adolescent Brain & Cognitive Development study (2021, release 4.0) and included waves 2 (48.7% female; Mchild_age=10.95 years, SD=.67) and 3 (Mchild_age=12.02, SD=.67). A total of 5949 children had their sleep duration and variability recorded at wave 3 with Fitbit watches, which were worn across an average of 13.8 nights (SD=9.9). At waves 2 and 3, parents reported on their child’s mental health with the Child Behavioral Checklist (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001). Children self-reported on their pubertal development (Peterson et al., 1988) at wave 2 and their chronotype at wave 3 (Roenneberg et al., 2003). Most participants identified as white (52.4%), with another 24.0% identifying as Hispanic/Latinx, 13.4% identifying as Black, 5.9% American Indian/Alaska Native/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and 4.2% as multi-race. The families were economically diverse with 21.5% reporting family incomes of &lt;$25,000 and 6.8% with incomes of &gt;$200,000.

Results
Mediation analyses, conducted using Mplus (v.8.8, Muthén & Muthén, 2022), examined if pubertal development at wave 2 predicted residual change in children’s mental health via the mediating variables of chronotype and both sleep duration and variability. Children’s age, sex, body mass index, and socio-economic status were included as covariates. Model fit was excellent. Results suggested greater pubertal development indirectly predicted increases in children’s mental health problems via chronotype (i.e., greater eveningness) and longer sleep duration and greater sleep variability.

Conclusion
Given typical changes to children’s sleep during puberty, findings highlight the critical connections to their mental health.

Support (if any)
0110 The Influence of Changing School Start Times on Frequency and Timing of Nurse’s Visits for Sleep and Nutrition
Authors: Doudell Kelly , Gunn Heather , Meltzer Lisa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Healthy school start times are important for ensuring students obtain sufficient sleep, which may impact other health outcomes. Previous studies have not examined the impact of changing school start times on nurses’ visits related to sleep and nutrition in students in grades K-12 after district-wide changes to delay start times in middle and high school and advance start times in elementary school.

Methods
Electronic medical record data (reason for student visit and time of visit) were retrieved from nursing offices for elementary (n=44), middle (n=14), and high (n=6) schools. For this study, we included sleep and nutrition visits within the first two hours of the school day in April/May for the year prior (pre-change) and two years after (post-change, follow-up) implementing new school start times. Within each school level (i.e., elementary, middle, high), descriptive statistics examined the number of visits by health category.

Results
In elementary school, nurse visits increased in the first two hours when school start times were moved from 9:00am to 8:00 am for both sleep (pre-change n=45; post-change n=78; follow-up n=58) and nutrition (pre-change n=30; post-change n=63; follow-up n=48). For middle school, nurse visits slightly decreased in the first two hours of school when start times were moved from 8:00am to 8:50am for both sleep (pre-change n=14; post-change n=11; follow-up n=11) and nutrition (pre-change n=47; post-change n=42; follow-up n=6). High school nurse visits also slightly decreased in the first two hours of school when start times moved from 7:10am to 8:20am for both sleep (pre-change n=16; post-change n=7; follow-up n=7) and nutrition (pre-change n=5; post-change n=5; follow-up n=2).

Conclusion
While not unexpected, elementary school nurse visits for sleep and nutrition increased when start times were moved earlier. However, at follow-up, visit frequency notably decreased, suggesting that it may take time for families to adjust to the new start times. For both middle and high school students, nurse visits for sleep and nutrition slightly decreased with later start times. More research is needed to determine optimal start times for elementary school students, as healthy start times are essential for adolescent health and well-being.

Support (if any)
RWJF Evidence for Action (#75277)
0112 Acute Sleep Restriction and Circadian Misalignment Impairs Attention in High School Students
Authors: Lafeber Connor , Monterastelli Allison , Misiunaite Ieva , Eastman Charmane , Crowley Stephanie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
We examined the impact of acute sleep restriction and circadian misalignment on reaction times in adolescents.

Methods
Adolescents (n=38, 21 girls) aged 14.1-18.0 years completed a 14-day protocol. On days 1-7, participants slept at home on individualized 10-h sleep/dark schedules. On days 8-14, they lived in the laboratory. On day 8, Dim Light Melatonin Onset (DLMO) was measured. On Days 9-13, sleep opportunity was restricted to 8.5h (n=9), 7h (n=12), or 5.5h (n=8). A fourth group was not sleep restricted a had a 10-h sleep opportunity (control; n=9). On days 11-13, sleep/dark gradually shifted earlier with morning bright light to advance circadian rhythms. Final DLMO was measured on day 14. Participants completed simple reaction time tasks on days 5 (baseline), 11 (after 2 sleep restriction (SR) nights = post-SR), and 13 (after 2 shifted sleep/dark nights = post-shift). Testing began 2.5h, 5.5h, 8.5h, and 11.5h after wake. Daily difference from baseline scores for post-SR lapses, median reaction time (MedRT), mean 1/RT (responses/sec), fastest 10% RT (F10), and slowest 10% 1/RT (S10) were compared between sleep opportunity groups. Final temperature minimum (Tmin) was estimated post-hoc (Final DLMO+7h). Tmin 2-4h before wake defined an aligned subgroup (N=16) and Tmin after wake defined a misaligned subgroup (N=10). Post-SR scores (day 11) were subtracted from post-shift scores (day 13) at corresponding times relative to wake. Aligned and misaligned subgroups were compared to determine the of impact circadian misalignment.

Results
Lapses [F(3,34)=3.8,p=.02] and MedRT [F(3,34=3.3,p=.03] increased from baseline in a SR-dose-dependent manner. Lapses and MedRT increased more with 7hSR (lapsesΔ=19.4±9.1; MedRTΔ=80.7±51.4 msec) and 5.5hSR (lapsesΔ=25.8±18.6; MedRTΔ=99.5±74.6 msec) compared to Control (lapsesΔ=5.4±4.8; MedRTΔ=20.8±21.7 msec). Mean 1/RT, F10, and S10 showed similar trends (p’s≤0.1). MedRT slowed [t(24)=2.24,p=0.04] and response rate decreased (Mean 1/RT: t(24)=2.06,p=.05; S10: t(24)=2.16,p=.04) in the misaligned compared to the aligned group 2.5h after wake.

Conclusion
Attention decrements occurred when sleep was restricted to 5.5h or 7h, the latter being a typical sleep opportunity for high school students. Circadian misalignment also contributed to decrements in morning attention, which has major implications for safety during the school commute and academics.

Support (if any)
R01 HL146772 (Crowley)
0116 A theory-driven, meta-analytical approach to evaluating optimal parenting behaviors and adolescent sleep
Authors: Ewing Emily , Poole Elaine , Mackaronis Julia , Critchfield Kenneth , Gunn Heather 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
For adolescents, affiliative parenting behaviors (e.g., warm) are generally associated with better sleep and non-affiliative parenting behaviors (e.g., hostile) are associated with deficient sleep. However, specificity of interpersonal behaviors is unknown. We applied an interpersonal theoretical framework and conducted a meta-analysis to test and operationalize the theory that safety and security are necessary for good sleep.

Methods
Included in the meta-analysis were 41 studies on adolescent (10-19 years) sleep health and parenting behaviors. Studies included a total of 57,549, primarily female (52%), participants (Mage = 14.92, SDage = 2.00). Race/ethnicity was 76.7% White, 5.9% Black, 6.5% Hispanic, 1.5% Asian, and 9.4% Other. Structural analysis of social behavior (SASB) was applied to define and operationalize optimal (e.g., affiliative and autonomy granting/taking) and sub-optimal (e.g., non-affiliative and autonomy granting/taking) parenting behaviors (independent variable). Dependent variables were sleep regularity, duration, efficiency, latency, timing, quality, alertness/sleepiness, and disturbance. The final effect size of interest for analysis was a correlation efficient r.

Results
Optimal parenting behaviors were associated with longer sleep duration (r = 0.11, p = .02), decreased latency (r = -0.16, p &lt; .001), less daytime sleepiness (r = -0.28, p &lt; .001), and less sleep disturbances (r = -0.22, p &lt; .001). Suboptimal parenting behaviors were associated with decreased sleep duration (r = -0.04, p = .05), increased latency (r = 0.12, p &lt; .01), and more sleep disturbances (r = 0.38, p &lt; .001).

Conclusion
This study applied interpersonal theory to define and operationalize parenting behaviors and their association with adolescent sleep. Findings support anthropological theory that parental interpersonal warmth is important for adolescent sleep and further indicate that security likely includes appropriate use of structure and autonomy granting behaviors. SASB analysis additionally revealed significant methodological issues that hamper understanding of the role of parental control (versus autonomy-granting) as separate from parental affiliation (versus hostility). This topic points the way to a crucial next step in developing an empirically grounded and comprehensive interpersonal model of sleep.

Support (if any)
0120 Interactions between Temperament and Parent-Child Relationship Quality in Early Childhood and Sleep in Middle Childhood
Authors: Hincapie Maria Valencia , Rojo-Wissar Darlynn , Coe Jesse , Seifer Ronald , Tyrka Audrey , Parade Stephanie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Effects of child temperament on biopsychosocial outcomes, including sleep, are known to differ based on parent-child relationship quality (PCRQ). However, previous studies have primarily focused solely on early childhood, relied on subjective reports of PCRQ and sleep, and have neglected to examine variability in sleep, which is an important dimension of sleep health. We examined whether there were interactions between temperament and objectively measured PCRQ during early childhood in association with actigraphy measured sleep (average and variability) in middle childhood.

Methods
Participants included 90 preschoolers (mean age=4.24 years, SD=0.81) who were 47% female; 37% White, 17% Black, 47% other racial groups; and 46% Hispanic. Thirty-four percent experienced moderate to severe maltreatment. PCRQ was coded from a video-recorded free-play task between each child and their primary caregiver. Child temperament dimensions including Activity Level, Anger, Social Fear, Inhibitory Control, and Appropriate Attentional Allocation were measured with the parent-report Toddler Behavior Assessment Questionnaire. Child Mean and SDs of total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency (SE) were generated from actigraphy data collected for two weeks during a follow-up study when participants were ages 8-11.

Results
There were no direct effects of any of the temperament variables or PCRQ on sleep. In models adjusted for demographic characteristics and number of adversities experienced, greater attentional allocation was associated with greater average TST only among those children high in PCRQ (estimate = 20.59, 95% CI = 5.19, 35.99). For every one unit increase in attentional allocation score (possible range 1:7), there is a more than 20 min increase in mean TST. In contrast, greater activity levels were associated with better average sleep efficiency, only among those low in PCRQ (estimate = 2.35, 95% CI = 0.46, 4.24). For each unit increase in activity level score, there was a 2% increase in sleep efficiency.

Conclusion
Findings extend cross-sectional research in early childhood and provide support for models showing that children have differing susceptibility to the effects of temperament on sleep, depending on PCRQ.

Support (if any)
NIMH R01 MH083704, NICHD R01 HD086487, NICHD, R01 HD095837, SRCD Small Grant for Early Career Scholars, T32HD101392, NIGMS P20 GM139767.
0123 Sleep Problems and Externalizing Behaviors for Youth in Juvenile Justice Facilities
Authors: McGee Ryann , Bistline Lily , Adornetti Julianna , Busby Ryan , Spargo Sammie , Bayley Shania , Carlucci Marianna , Crowley Stephanie , Wolfson Amy 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Adolescents who experience insufficient, poor quality sleep, and sleep problems might experience difficulties with externalizing behaviors including aggression and impulse control (Bauducco et al., 2019; Brown et al., 2022). Surprisingly, sleep and behavior for youth residing in long and short-term juvenile justice facilities is understudied. The present preliminary analysis explores self-reported sleep problems and aggressive and impulse control symptoms for youth under the care of the Department of Juvenile Services (DJS).

Methods
Participants (N=62, 86% male, mean age = 16.8, SD=1.2) were recruited from 11 DJS detention and treatment facilities in Maryland. Racial Backgrounds: 55% Black, 18% White, 14% Multiracial, and 12% Other. They completed an online questionnaire focused on sleep behaviors (daytime sleepiness, sleep-wake behavior problems) and daytime functioning including aggressive and impulse control behaviors (e.g., modified Aggression Questionnaire, Buss & Perry, 1992; Weinberger Adjustment Inventory, WAI, 1990). Using Pearson correlations, associations between sleep problems, daytime sleepiness and externalizing behaviors were examined.

Results
Self-reported daytime sleepiness and sleep-wake behavior problems were associated with increased aggressive and impulse control difficulties. Youth with more sleep-wake behavior problems reported higher levels of aggressive behaviors (r = .39, p &lt; .01) and impulse control behaviors as measured by the WAI (r = .33, p &lt; .05). Similarly, youth with high levels of daytime sleepiness also reported more impulse control behaviors (r = .40, p &lt; .01).

Conclusion
Preliminary findings suggest that youth residing in juvenile justice facilities with sleep difficulties are more likely to report aggressive and impulse control challenges. Further analyses will provide a greater understanding of the modifying factors to better understand the youth’s sleep-living environment.

Support (if any)
This research is made possible by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) Foundation Award #22-CS-19 and Maryland Department of Juvenile Services’ supportive collaboration.
0126 CVD biomarker profiling reveals distinct responses to acute exercise under conditions of recurrent sleep loss in healthy humans
Authors: Hong Mun-Gwan , Brandão Luiz Eduardo Mateus , Benfeitas Rui , Emami Payam , Cedernaes Jonathan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Physical exercise impacts a plethora of signaling pathways, which mediate the acute and long-term benefits of exercise. Whereas the acute effects of exercise on overall metabolism and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have been extensively studied in humans, little is known about how a wider range of CVD biomarkers change in response to acute exercise under conditions of sleep loss. Thus, here we examined whether a few nights of short sleep alter the diurnal and exercise-induced levels of a range of CVD biomarkers.

Methods
In a randomized two-condition crossover study, 16 men partook in two sessions, comprising three consecutive nights of full-night sleep (NS, 8.5 hours sleep/night) and three nights of partial sleep restriction (SR, 4.25 hours/night). In both conditions, blood was repeatedly sampled in the evening and about 12 hours later (for evening-to-morning analysis) as well as repeatedly before and after a 30-min bout of high-intensity exercise (at 75% VO2maxReserve). Olink's CVD II panel and ELISAs were used to measure 92 CVD protein biomarkers.

Results
Under pre-exercise sedentary conditions, the diurnal changes of several CVD biomarkers differed in response to SR compared with NS. However, several proteins exhibited diurnal changes regardless of sleep condition (as also confirmed in a separate a cohort with overnight wakefulness). In response to exercise, we observed that most proteins increased vs. decreased in their relative levels, including inflammatory markers. Furthermore, some proteins exhibited an early vs. more delayed increase. However, following SR, the exercise-induced induction of CVD biomarkers was markedly dampened, compared with the NS condition, and SR resulted in an altered exercise-induced response for several inflammatory-related CVD biomarkers.

Conclusion
Recurrent sleep restriction impacts the evening-to-morning dynamics of several CVD biomarkers, and the extent to which blood-based CVD biomarkers are induced by acute, high-intensity exercise. This may indicate that some of the cardiometabolic responses to vigorous exercise differ under conditions of sleep loss. Whether such changes alter the long-term benefits of aerobic exercise under conditions of chronic sleep loss, and whether these changes differ in e.g. older subjects or CVD, remains to be investigated.

Support (if any)
Swedish Society for Medical Research, Swedish Cancer Foundation, Diabetesfonden, Göran Gustafsson, Hjärnfonden