bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial incentives for quitting smoking in pregnancy: Are they cost‐effective?
Authors: McMeekin Nicola , Sinclair Lesley , Robinson‐Smith Lyn , Mitchell Alex , Bauld Linda , Tappin David M. , Boyd Kathleen A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsTo evaluate whether adding financial incentives to usual care is cost‐effective in encouraging pregnant women to quit tobacco smoking, compared with usual care alone.DesignCost‐effectiveness analysis (CEA) and cost–utility analysis (CUA) from a health‐care provider's perspective, embedded in the Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy Incentives Trial (CPIT III). Long‐term analyses were conducted from the same perspective, using an existing Markov model over a life‐time horizon.SettingSeven maternity smoking cessation sites in Scotland, England and Northern Ireland in the United Kingdom.ParticipantsIn the short‐term analysis, CPIT III participants were assessed: women 16 years or older, self‐reporting as smokers, fewer than 24 weeks pregnant and English‐speaking (n = 944). The same population was used for the life‐time analysis, plus their infants.MeasurementsCosts included financial incentive vouchers and postage, cessation support and nicotine replacement therapy and neonatal stays. The outcome measure was a biochemically verified quit rate for the CEA and quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) for CUA. Costs are presented in 2020 GBP sterling (£). Data for the life‐time analysis came from the trial and were combined with data from published literature embedded in the model, reporting incremental cost per quitter and QALY. A 3.5% discount rate was applied.FindingsThe short‐term incremental cost per quitter was £4400 and cost per QALY was £150 000. Results of sensitivity analyses confirmed these results. The long‐term analysis combined costs and outcomes for mother and infants; results showed a cost saving of £37 [95% confidence interval (CI]) = £35–106] and increase in QALYs of 0.171 (95% CI = 0.124–0.229). These findings indicate that, over a life‐time, financial incentives are cost‐saving and improve health outcomes.ConclusionsIn the United Kingdom, offering up to £400 financial incentives, in addition to usual care, to support pregnant women to stop smoking appears to be highly cost‐effective over a life‐time for mother and infants.
Gravity trade model with firm heterogeneity and horizontal foreign direct investment
Authors: Luckstead Jeff , Devadoss Stephen , Zhao Xin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe develop a gravity trade model based on a theoretical analysis of heterogeneous firms that engage in horizontal Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) or exporting. The model allows firms' endogenous choice between exporting or FDI to impact the proportion of exporting firms and subsequently bilateral trade. Based on the theoretical results, we propose a three‐stage estimation procedure: First, estimate firm selection into horizontal FDI; second, use predicted probabilities from the first stage in the estimation of firm selection into exporting; and third, use predicted probabilities from the previous two stages in the gravity estimation of bilateral trade. We apply this procedure to the European Union (EU) processed food industry, which engages in worldwide FDI and trade. We estimate a baseline model of a standard gravity equation, a two‐stage model without FDI selection, and our proposed three‐stage model and quantify bias corrections in the coefficient estimates of the trade friction variables in the baseline and two‐stage gravity models. The bias corrections can be large. For instance, the inclusion of the proportion of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) in the trade‐selection equation leads to a sign reversal of the distance coefficient estimate and results in an upward bias correction of . The three‐stage gravity corrects a downward bias of in the coefficient estimate of distance in the baseline but an upward bias of in the two‐stage method, which indicates that the two‐stage method overcorrects the downward bias in the baseline gravity.
Exploring barriers and enablers to the delivery of Making Every Contact Count brief behavioural interventions in Ireland: A cross‐sectional survey study
Authors: Meade Oonagh , O'Brien Maria , Noone Chris , Lawless Agatha , McSharry Jenny , Deely Helen , Hart Jo , Hayes Catherine B. , Keyworth Chris , Lavoie Kim , McGowan Orla , Murphy Andrew W. , Murphy Patrick J. , O'Reilly Orlaith ,   The Health Psychology Public Advisory Panel, Byrne Molly 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe public health impact of the Irish Making Every Contact Count (MECC) brief intervention programme is dependent on delivery by health care professionals. We aimed to identify enablers and modifiable barriers to MECC intervention delivery to optimize MECC implementation.DesignOnline cross‐sectional survey design.MethodsHealth care professionals (n = 4050) who completed MECC eLearning were invited to complete an online survey based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Multiple regression analysis identified predictors of MECC delivery (logistic regression to predict delivery or not; linear regression to predict frequency of delivery). Data were visualized using Confidence Interval‐Based Estimates of Relevance (CIBER).ResultsSeventy‐nine per cent of participants (n = 283/357) had delivered a MECC intervention. In the multiple logistic regression (Nagelkerke's R2 = .34), the significant enablers of intervention delivery were ‘professional role’ (OR = 1.86 [1.10, 3.15]) and ‘intentions/goals’ (OR = 4.75 [1.97, 11.45]); significant barriers included ‘optimistic beliefs about consequences’ (OR = .41 [.18, .94]) and ‘negative emotions’ (OR = .50 [.32, .77]). In the multiple linear regression (R2 = .29), the significant enablers of frequency of MECC delivery were ‘intentions/goals’ (b = 10.16, p = .02) and professional role (b = 6.72, p = .03); the significant barriers were ‘negative emotions’ (b = −4.74, p = .04) and ‘barriers to prioritisation’ (b = −5.00, p = .01). CIBER analyses suggested six predictive domains with substantial room for improvement: ‘intentions and goals’, ‘barriers to prioritisation’, ‘environmental resources’, ‘beliefs about capabilities’, ‘negative emotions’ and ‘skills’.ConclusionImplementation interventions to enhance MECC delivery should target intentions and goals, beliefs about capabilities, negative emotions, environmental resources, skills and barriers to prioritization.
Veklury® (remdesivir) formulations inhibit initial membrane‐coupled events of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection due to their sulfobutylether‐β‐cyclodextrin content
Authors: Kovacs Tamas , Kurtan Kitti , Varga Zoltan , Nagy Peter , Panyi Gyorgy , Zakany Florina 
Published: February 2023

Background and PurposeDespite its contradictory clinical performance, remdesivir (Veklury®) has a pivotal role in COVID‐19 therapy. Possible contributions of the vehicle, sulfobutylether‐β‐cyclodextrin (SBECD) to Veklury® effects have been overlooked. The powder and solution formulations of Veklury® are treated equivalently despite their different vehicle content. Our objective was to study Veklury® effects on initial membrane‐coupled events of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection focusing on the cholesterol depletion‐mediated role of SBECD.Experimental ApproachUsing time‐correlated flow cytometry and quantitative three‐dimensional confocal microscopy, we studied early molecular events of SARS‐CoV‐2–host cell membrane interactions.Key ResultsVeklury® and different cholesterol‐depleting cyclodextrins (CDs) reduced binding of the spike receptor‐binding domain (RBD) to ACE2 and spike trimer internalization for Wuhan‐Hu‐1, Delta and Omicron variants. Correlations of these effects with cholesterol‐dependent changes in membrane structure and decreased lipid raft‐dependent ACE2–TMPRSS2 interaction establish that SBECD is not simply a vehicle but also an effector along with remdesivir due to its cholesterol‐depleting potential. Veklury® solution inhibited RBD binding more efficiently due to its twice higher SBECD content. The CD‐induced inhibitory effects were more prominent at lower RBD concentrations and in cells with lower endogenous ACE2 expression, indicating that the supportive CD actions can be even more pronounced during in vivo infection when viral load and ACE expression are typically low.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur findings call for the differentiation of Veklury® formulations in meta‐analyses of clinical trials, potentially revealing neglected benefits of the solution formulation, and also raise the possibility of adjuvant cyclodextrin (CD) therapy, even at higher doses, in COVID‐19.
Preventing bank panics: The role of the regulator's preferences
Authors: Gao Jiahong , Reed Robert R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHow do the preferences of a banking authority affect its decision making in periods of distress and thus financial stability? We study this question in a version of Diamond and Dybvig (1983) with a monopolistic bank and a time‐consistent policy response by a banking authority. We show that limited commitment on the part of the banking authority may induce fragility but the banking authority's incentives are also an important determining factor in the degree of financial stability. In particular, under a simple suspension scheme, delegating a banking authority who places sufficient weight on a banker's welfare acts as a commitment device and prevents runs, in analogy with how a Rogoff (1985) “conservative” central banker helps reduce inflation bias. In contrast, once interventions take the form of payment rescheduling, the scope for the bank's susceptibility to a panic increases should the banking authority put more weight on monopoly rents. Identifying such an aspect of vulnerability suggests that appointing a banking authority whose objective function deviates from that of depositors may have unintended consequences.
The GLP‐1 receptor agonist exenatide reduces serum TSH by its effect on body weight in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Tee Su Ann , Tsatlidis Vasileios , Razvi Salman 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1 RA) therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity leads to a significant reduction in serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels but it is unclear whether this is related to weight loss and improvement in sensitivity to thyroid hormones (TH).Design, Patients and MeasurementsWe prospectively analysed clinical and biochemical data in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity who were commenced on the GLP‐1 RA exenatide and followed them for 12 months. We assessed the relationship between changes in body weight and serum TSH and resistance to TH indices.ResultsIn 112 patients (mean age: 53.5 years, 43.8% female, mean body mass index: 39.8 kg/m2), 12 months of exenatide treatment was associated with a mean (95% CI) percent body weight loss of 6.5% (5.0%−8.1%) and change in serum TSH of −0.25 mU/L (−0.43 to −0.06). There was a significant negative and nonlinear relationship between change in serum TSH and percent body weight loss: −0.25 mU/L with 5%, −0.4 mU/L with 10% and −0.5 mU/L with 15%, respectively, whereas a rise in serum TSH of 0.5 mU/L was associated with 5% weight gain. There were no changes observed in serum FT4 levels with weight loss but a significant reduction in resistance to TH indices was noted.ConclusionsExenatide therapy reduces serum TSH levels and improves central sensitivity to TH action over 12 months via its effect on weight loss. The effectiveness of weight loss strategies, rather than TH replacement, should be investigated in individuals with obesity and mildly raised serum TSH levels.
Biofilm formation on dental implants with a hybrid surface microtopography: An in vitro study in a validated multispecies dynamic biofilm model
Authors: Bravo Enrique , Serrano Benjamín , Ribeiro‐Vidal Honorato , Virto Leire , Sánchez Ignacio Sanz , Herrera David , Sanz Mariano 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study is to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate biofilm formation on hybrid titanium implants (HS), with moderately rough and turned surface topographies.Materials and MethodsA validated dynamic in vitro multispecies biofilm model, based on bacterial growth under flow and shear conditions resembling the oral cavity, was used to evaluate biofilm formation on the tested implant surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were used to compare the biofilm structure and microbial biomass deposited on either the moderately rough or the turned surface of HS. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to evaluate the total bacterial counts and counts of each specific bacterium in biofilms formed on implants with either the moderately rough or the turned surfaces, as in the hybrid titanium implants, after 24, 48 and 72 h. A general linear model was applied to compare the CLSM and qPCR results between the tested implant surfaces.ResultsA significantly higher bacterial biomass grew on the moderately rough implant surfaces, compared to the turned surface area of HS implants (p < .05), at all incubation times, as evidenced with both CLSM and SEM. qPCR analysis also demonstrated an important increase in the total and specific bacterial counts in moderately rough surface implants at the three incubation times.ConclusionsImplant surface topography (moderately rough versus turned) significantly influenced in vitro biofilm formation in terms of biofilm structure, bacterial biomass and quantity of the specific species selected for the model used.
Activation of ERK1/2 by MOS and TPL2 leads to dasatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukaemia cells
Authors: Tsubaki Masanobu , Takeda Tomoya , Koumoto Yuuichi , Usami Takehiro , Matsuda Takuya , Seki Shiori , Sakai Kazuko , Nishio Kazuto , Nishida Shozo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe development of BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as dasatinib, has dramatically improved survival in cases of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). However, the development of resistance to BCR::ABL1 TKIs is a clinical problem. BCR::ABL1 TKI resistance is known to have BCR::ABL1‐dependent or BCR::ABL1‐independent mechanisms, but the mechanism of BCR::ABL1 independence is not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of BCR::ABL1‐independent dasatinib resistance. The expression and activation level of genes or proteins were evaluated using array CGH, real time PCR, or western blot analysis. Gene expression was modulated using siRNA‐mediated knockdown. Cell survival was assessed by using trypan blue dye method. We found that dasatinib‐resistant K562/DR and KU812/DR cells did not harbour a BCR::ABL1 mutation but had elevated expression and/or activation of MOS, TPL2 and ERK1/2. In addition, MOS siRNA, TPL2 siRNA and trametinib resensitized dasatinib‐resistant cells to dasatinib. Moreover, expression levels of MOS in dasatinib non‐responder patients with CML were higher than those in dasatinib responders, and the expression of TPL2 tended to increase in dasatinib non‐responder patients compared with that in responder patients. Our results indicate that activation of ERK1/2 by elevated MOS and TPL2 expression is involved in dasatinib resistance, and inhibition of these proteins overcomes dasatinib resistance. Therefore, MOS, TPL2 and ERK1/2 inhibitors may be therapeutically useful for treating BCR::ABL1‐independent dasatinib‐resistant CML.
Albuminuria‐lowering effect of dapagliflozin, exenatide, and their combination in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized cross‐over clinical study
Authors: van der Aart‐van der Beek Annemarie B. , Apperloo Ellen , Jongs Niels , Rouw Dennis B. , Sjöström C. David , Friedli Iris , Johansson Lars , van Raalte Daniël H. , Hoogenberg Klaas , Heerspink Hiddo J. L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the albuminuria‐lowering effect of dapagliflozin, exenatide, and the combination of dapagliflozin and exenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria.MethodsParticipants with type 2 diabetes, an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of more than 30 ml/min/1.73m2 and an urinary albumin: creatinine ratio (UACR) of more than 3.5 mg/mmol and 100 mg/mmol or less completed three 6‐week treatment periods, during which dapagliflozin 10 mg/d, exenatide 2 mg/wk and both drugs combined were given in random order. The primary outcome was the percentage change in UACR. Secondary outcomes included blood pressure, HbA1c, body weight, extracellular volume, fractional lithium excretion and renal haemodynamic variables as determined by magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsWe enrolled 20 patients, who completed 53 treatment periods in total. Mean percentage change in UACR from baseline was –21.9% (95% CI: –34.8% to –6.4%) during dapagliflozin versus –7.7% (95% CI: –23.5% to 11.2%) during exenatide and –26.0% (95% CI: –38.4% to –11.0%) during dapagliflozin‐exenatide treatment. No correlation was observed in albuminuria responses between the different treatments. Numerically greater reductions in systolic blood pressure, body weight and eGFR were observed during dapagliflozin‐exenatide treatment compared with dapagliflozin or exenatide alone. Renal blood flow and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) did not significantly change with either treatment regimen. However, all but four and two patients in the dapagliflozin and dapagliflozin‐exenatide groups, respectively, showed reductions in ERPF. The filtration fraction did not change during treatment with dapagliflozin or exenatide, and decreased during dapagliflozin‐exenatide treatment (–1.6% [95% CI: –3.2% to –0.01%]; P = .048).ConclusionsIn participants with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria, treatment with dapagliflozin, exenatide and dapagliflozin‐exenatide reduced albuminuria, with a numerically larger reduction in the combined dapagliflozin‐exenatide treatment group.
The role of iron in the formation of Ediacaran ‘death masks’
Authors: Gibson Brandt M. , Schiffbauer James D. , Wallace Adam F. , Darroch Simon A. F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Ediacara biota are an enigmatic group of Neoproterozoic soft‐bodied fossils that mark the first major radiation of complex eukaryotic and macroscopic life. These fossils are thought to have been preserved via pyritic “death masks” mediated by seafloor microbial mats, though little about the chemical constraints of this preservational pathway is known, in particular surrounding the role of bioavailable iron in death mask formation and preservational fidelity. In this study, we perform decay experiments on both diploblastic and triploblastic animals under a range of simulated sedimentary iron concentrations, in order to characterize the role of iron in the preservation of Ediacaran organisms. After 28 days of decay, we demonstrate the first convincing “death masks” produced under experimental laboratory conditions composed of iron sulfide and probable oxide veneers. Moreover, our results demonstrate that the abundance of iron in experiments is not the sole control on death mask formation, but also tissue histology and the availability of nucleation sites. This illustrates that Ediacaran preservation via microbial death masks need not be a “perfect storm” of paleoenvironmental porewater and sediment chemistry, but instead can occur under a range of conditions.
Wnt 2022 EMBO | the Company of Biologists workshop and Yamada conference
Authors: Kikuchi Akira , Takagi Junichi , Takada Shinji , Ishitani Tohru , Minami Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWnt2022 was held on November 15th–19th, 2022, in Awaji Yumebutai International Conference Center, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, as an in‐person meeting for the first time in last 3 years. Wnt signaling is a highly conserved pathway among various species. Since Wnt1 was discovered in 1982, a number of studies using many model animals and human samples have revealed that Wnt signaling plays crucial roles in embryonic development, tissue morphogenesis, and regeneration, as well as many other physiological and pathological processes. Since the year 2022 marks the 40th anniversary of Wnt research, we aimed to look back at our research progress and discuss the future direction of this field. The scientific program consisted of plenary lectures, invited talks, short talks selected from abstracts, and poster sessions. Whereas several different Wnt meetings have been held almost every year in Europe and the United States, this was the first Wnt meeting convened in Asia. Therefore, Wnt2022 was highly anticipated to bring together leaders and young scientists from Europe, the United States, and especially Asia and Oceania. In fact, 148 researchers from 21 countries attended this meeting. Although there were travel and administrative restrictions due to COVID‐19, the meeting was highly successful in enabling face‐to‐face discussions.
Work conditions influencing professional development of specialist nurses in surgical care explored using the Job Demand‐Resources theory: A qualitative study
Authors: Jakobsson Jenny , Jangland Eva , Engström My , Malmström Marlene , Drott Jenny 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to explore the work conditions that influence the opportunities for professional development of specialist nurses in surgical care.DesignA qualitative descriptive design was used.MethodsWith a purposeful sampling procedure, 14 specialist nurses in surgical care were included. Four focus‐group interviews were conducted during November to December 2021 and deductively analysed using the Job Demand‐Resource theory as a guiding framework. Reporting adheres to COREQ guidelines.FindingsWork conditions that were identified as job demands and that inhibited nurses' opportunities for professional development were mainly found at an organizational and leadership level. Primarily, those conditions included role ambiguity and time constraints caused by uncompensated nursing shortages that restricted the nurses from exercising their role. Such conditions could also discourage other nurses from further education. Job demands were seen as largely compensated for by work conditions identified as job resources and located mainly at an individual level, for example finding the work interesting and multifaceted. Most prominent was the participants' inner motivation to work with surgical patients and to continue to develop themselves and other nurses professionally.ConclusionsA prerequisite for professional development is that the specialist role is clearly defined in collaboration with representatives from the nursing profession and universities. Hence, hospital organizations need to reflect on how to utilize the competence. Also, it is important that nurse leaders promote the specialist nurses' motivation by supporting them in the exercise of their role.ImpactFindings from this study revealed work conditions that need to be acknowledged during hospital organizations' endeavours to maintain and enhance nursing competence.Patient or Public ContributionPatient or public contribution was not applicable since the study focused on specialist nurses' working conditions.
A Quantitative Analysis of Legal Integration and Differentiation in the European Union, 1958–2020
Authors: Chiocchetti Paolo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe article provides an innovative, comprehensive quantitative analysis of legal integration and differentiation in the European Union (EU) from 1958 to 2020. Building on a streamlined analytical framework and new or revised datasets on EU primary, EU secondary and EU‐related international law, it challenges or qualifies several aspects of the received wisdom on European integration. Specifically, it delivers the first‐ever quantitative estimate of integration in terms of integration opportunities, shows that differentiation is deployed in a reluctant and eclectic manner and offers clear measurements for the prevalence of various modes of temporal, spatial and policy differentiation. These methodological and empirical findings confirm the fruitfulness of the quantitative approach to the study of European integration and point to promising avenues for future research on international integration and comparative regionalism.