bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of vegetation restoration on soil organic carbon in the Loess Plateau: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhao Qianzhuo , Shi Peng , Li Peng , Li Zhanbin , Min Zhiqiang , Sun Jingmei , Cui Lingzhou , Niu Hongbo , Zu Pengju , Cao Manhong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVegetation restoration is one of the most effective ways to increase soil organic carbon (SOC). After the implementation of vegetation restoration policies such as the Grain‐for‐Green Program, which has increased regional vegetation coverage. However, the impact of land use, vegetation types, restoration time, and topographic and meteorological factors on SOC remains unclear. Therefore, this study examined the effect of vegetation restoration on SOC in the Loess Plateau through a meta‐analysis of 520 sample data collected from 60 research papers. The results showed that vegetation restoration in the Loess Plateau significantly increased SOC by 29.40%. Restoration time was the most important factor affecting the SOC after revegetation. Land use type was an important factor that influenced SOC; the most significant impact on SOC was found when the previous land use type was abandoned land and the current land use type was woodland. Different vegetation types resulted in different SOC as follows: Fagaceae > Salicaceae > Pinaceae > Leguminosae. Broad‐leaved forests had significantly higher SOC than that of coniferous forests. Non‐nitrogen‐fixing plants increased SOC significantly compared to nitrogen‐fixing plants. SOC decreased in 0–5 years after vegetation restoration, and then increased with the increase of restoration years. Especially, the soil carbon sequestration effect of vegetation has been significantly improved after 10 years of restoration.
Drainage‐induced browning causes both loss and change of benthic biodiversity in headwater streams
Authors: Brüsecke Joanna , Muotka Timo , Huttunen Kaisa‐Leena , Litjo Sanni , Lepo Wille‐Pekka , Jyväsjärvi Jussi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractConcentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) have increased over the past few decades, causing freshwater browning. Impacts of browning on biodiversity have been little studied, despite many of the individual stressors associated with browning being known to control freshwater communities. We explored the responses of benthic invertebrates along a wide gradient of DOC concentrations (3.6–27 mg L−1) in 63 boreal streams variously impacted by peatland drainage or peat production. DOC was a prime determinant of macroinvertebrate diversity and abundance, with the strongest negative response in algal scrapers. Threshold indicator taxa analysis indicated an abrupt community change at 12–13 mg DOC L−1, with only four taxa increasing, while 13 taxa decreased along the gradient. Our findings of both a gradual loss and abrupt change of biodiversity along a browning gradient provide a benchmark against which changes to stream biodiversity relative to the predicted browning trend can be gauged.
Morphologic and molecular biologic analyses of the skin rejuvenation effect of the fractional 1064‐nm picosecond laser: An animal study
Authors: Lim Sung Ha , Seo Hee Seok , Lee Young Bin , Kang Hyun , Hong Seung Phil 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesApplication of the picosecond laser in the field of dermatology has expanded from tattoo removal to skin rejuvenation on a clinical basis. Although various mechanisms of pigment removal have been elucidated, the molecular changes associated with skin rejuvenation have yet to be identified. The aim of this study was to explore the theoretical basis and to evaluate the efficacy of skin rejuvenation using a 1064‐nm fractional picosecond laser in a mouse model.MethodsWe conducted an in vivo study using a fractional picosecond laser on the skin of old and young female hairless mice and performed topographical, histological, micro‐, and electron microscopic assessments.ResultsThe topography of the skin surface was enhanced and showed increased dermal thickness on histological examination. Electron microscopy revealed disarranged collagen bundles with microspaces and vascular leakage in the upper dermis. Levels of collagen synthesis markers and various inflammatory cytokines, such as procollagens, interleukin‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and heat shock proteins, were elevated in the laser‐treated skin.ConclusionsThis study provides a possible mechanism for the skin rejuvenation effect of fractional picosecond laser that has been reported previously in clinical observations. Based on our findings, the fractional picosecond laser could be widely applied in clinical settings where dermal regeneration and promotion of skin rejuvenation is required.
Stem cell‐derived exosomes in the treatment of melasma and its percutaneous penetration
Authors: Wang Ting , Gao Hangqi , Wang Dezhi , Zhang Chaoyu , Hu Kailun , Zhang Haoruo , Lin Jian , Chen Xiaosong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMelasma is a refractory skin disease due to its complex pathogenesis and difficult treatment. Studies have found that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes (hUCMSC‐Exos) could serve as a novel cell‐free therapeutic strategy in regenerative and esthetic medicine. It could potentially treat melasma, but the skin barrier is a challenge. In this study, we aim to explore the safety and efficacy of hUCMSC‐Exos in the treatment of melasma and the means to promote its percutaneous penetration.Materials and MethodsIn the animal study about the effect of penetration, percutaneous penetration of PKH67‐labeled hUCMSC‐Exos was studied under microneedles, 1565 nm nonablative fractional laser (NAFL), and a plasma named Peninsula Blue Aurora Shumin Master (PBASM) treatments, observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. In the clinical application study, 60 patients with melasma treated in our department were divided into four groups. NAFL combined with normal saline treatment was used for Group A. Microneedles, NAFL, and PBASM combined with hUCMSC‐Exos treatments were used for Groups B, C, and D, respectively. Each patient received four treatments at 1‐month intervals. Assessments were done using the degree of pain posttreatment, melasma area and severity score, improvement rate, physician global assessment score, satisfaction, and complications.ResultsIn the animal study about the effect of penetration, hUCMSC‐Exos can penetrate the deep dermis under microneedles, NAFL, and PBASM treatments. In the clinical application study, compared with Group A, Groups B, C, and D showed significantly improved therapeutic effect and patient satisfaction (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference among Groups B, C, and D.(p > 0.05). Patients in Group B reported higher pain levels than those in the other three groups (p < 0.05); the treatment experience of patients in Group D was better.ConclusionhUCMSC‐Exos can improve the symptoms of melasma safely and effectively. Compared with microneedles, NAFL and PBASM can also achieve a good effect toward promoting penetration. These findings are worthy of exploration and clinical application.
Government subsidies of new energy vehicle industry and enterprise innovation: Moderating role of chief executive officers' technical background
Authors: Huang Shuang , Nahm Abraham Y. , Song Zengji 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe development of new energy vehicles has become an important means by which China can continue to grow as a major automobile manufacturing powerhouse while joining the worldwide effort to tackle climate change. This paper uses Chinese‐listed new energy vehicle companies during 2015–2019 as the research sample and examines the impact of government subsidies on enterprise innovation, with the technical background of CEOs as an important moderating factor. We also analyze the extent of this moderating role within different institutional environments and corporate ownership structures. The results show that government subsidies can encourage new energy vehicle enterprises to increase innovation investment, and CEOs' technical backgrounds can strengthen this relationship. Compared with regions with better institutional environments, the moderating effect of CEOs' technical backgrounds is more obvious in regions with poor institutional environments, and when compared with state‐owned enterprises, the effect is more obvious in the private sector. We propose a list of government and internal enterprise policies that would make use of the insights gained from our research results.
Diagnosis and Outcomes of Late‐Onset Wilson's Disease: A National Registry‐Based Study
Authors: Nilles Christelle , Obadia Mickael Alexandre , Sobesky Rodolphe , Dumortier Jérôme , Guillaud Olivier , Laurencin Chloé , Moreau Caroline , Vanlemmens Claire , Ory‐Magne Fabienne , de Ledinghen Victor , Bardou‐Jacquet Edouard , Fluchère Frederique , Collet Corinne , Oussedik‐Djebrani Nouzha , Woimant France , Poujois Aurélia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundWilson's disease (WD) is usually diagnosed in children and young adults; limited data exist on late‐onset forms.ObjectiveThe aim was to characterize the clinical and paraclinical presentations, therapeutic management, and outcomes in patients with late‐onset WD.MethodsPatients diagnosed with WD after age 40 years were identified from the French Wilson's Disease Registry (FWDR). Clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings and treatment were reported at diagnosis and last follow‐up.ResultsForty‐five patients were identified (median age: 49, range: 40–64) and placed in three groups according to their clinical presentation: neurological (n = 20, median diagnostic delay: 20 months), hepatic (n = 13, diagnostic delay: 12 months), and family screening (n = 12), all confirmed genetically. Six neurological patients had an atypical presentation (1 torticollis, 2 writer's cramps, 2 functional movement disorders, and 1 isolated dysarthria), without T2/fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) hyperintensities; 5 of 6 had no Kayser–Fleischer ring (KFR); 5 of 6 had liver involvement. In the neurological group, 84% of patients improved clinically, and 1 developed copper deficiency. In the hepatic group, 77% had cirrhosis; 6 patients required liver transplantation. In the screened group, 43% had mild liver involvement; 3 were not treated and remained stable; 24‐h urinary copper excretion was normal in 33% of patients at diagnosis.ConclusionsIn the FWDR, late‐onset forms of WD affect 8% of patients, mostly with neurological presentations. Thirty percent of the neurological forms were atypical (isolated long‐lasting symptoms, inconspicuous brain MRI, no KFR). With personalized treatment, prognosis was good. This study emphasized that WD should be suspected at any age and even in cases of atypical presentation. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
[6]‐Gingerol Facilitates CXCL8 Secretion and ROS Production in Primary Human Neutrophils by Targeting the TRPV1 Channel
Authors: Andersen Gaby , Kahlenberg Kristin , Krautwurst Dietmar , Somoza Veronika 
Published: December 2022

ScopeClarifying the function of sensory active TRP (transient receptor potential) channels in non‐sensory tissue is of growing interest, especially with regard to food ingredients in nutritionally relevant concentrations. The study hypothesizes the TRPV1 agonist [6]‐gingerol to facilitate cellular immune responses of primary human neutrophils, after treatment with 50 nM, a concentration that can be reached in the circulation after habitual dietary intake.Methods and resultsqRT‐PCR analyses reveal a high abundancy of TRP channel RNA expression in the types of primary leukocytes investigated, namely neutrophils, monocytes, NK cells, T cells, and B cells. Incubation of neutrophils with 50 nM of the known TRPV1 ligand [6]‐gingerol led to increased surface expression of CD11b, CD66b, and the fMLF receptor FPR1, as shown by flow cytometry. Upon subsequent stimulation with fMLF, the neutrophils display an about 30% (p < 0.05) increase in CXCL8 secretion as well as in ROS production. Pharmacological inhibition of TRPV1 by trans‐tert‐butylcyclohexanol abolishes the [6]‐gingerol induced effects.ConclusionsThe TRPV1 channel is functionally expressed in human neutrophils. Activation of the channel with [6]‐gingerol as a food‐derived ligand in nutritionally relevant concentrations leads to an enhanced responsiveness in the cells towards activating stimuli, thereby facilitating a canonical cellular immune response in human neutrophils.
Green Tea Catechin EGCG Ameliorates Thioacetamide‐Induced Hepatic Encephalopathy in Rats via Modulation of the Microbiota‐Gut‐Liver Axis
Authors: Zhou Zhengming , Li Ke , Guo Jiankui , Wang Yunfeng , Wei Yaoyao , Duan Juan , Chen Muxi , Shi Lei , Hu Wen 
Published: December 2022

ScopeExisting research suggests that (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), which is a natural tea catechin active substance, can protect against liver injury. However, its mechanism for hepatic encephalopathy (HE) treatment is still unclear. In this study, the role of EGCG in the amelioration of HE rats and the effect on the microbiota‐gut‐liver axis are mainly analyzed.Methods and resultsThioacetamide (TAA) is employed to induce the HE model in rats. The results of open field test show that EGCG restores locomotor activity and exploratory behavior. Histological and biochemical results demonstrate that EGCG ameliorates brain and liver damage, decreases the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Meanwhile, EGCG modulates the Nrf2 pathway and TLR4/NF‐κB pathway to mitigate TAA‐induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Immunohistochemistry reveals protection of the intestinal barrier by EGCG upregulating the expression of occludin and zonula occludens‐1. Furthermore, serum levels of ammonia and LPS are reduced. 16S rRNA analysis shows that EGCG treatment increases the abundance of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Limosilactobacillus).ConclusionThe above results reveal that EGCG has anti‐oxidative stress and anti‐inflammatory effects, and ameliorates the condition through the microbiota‐gut‐liver axis, with potential for the treatment of HE.
AAPM task group report 273: Recommendations on best practices for AI and machine learning for computer‐aided diagnosis in medical imaging
Authors: Hadjiiski Lubomir , Cha Kenny , Chan Heang‐Ping , Drukker Karen , Morra Lia , Näppi Janne J. , Sahiner Berkman , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Chen Quan , Deserno Thomas M. , Greenspan Hayit , Huisman Henkjan , Huo Zhimin , Mazurchuk Richard , Petrick Nicholas , Regge Daniele , Samala Ravi , Summers Ronald M. , Suzuki Kenji , Tourassi Georgia , Vergara Daniel , Armato Samuel G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, and specifically in deep learning (DL) techniques, have enabled broad application of these methods in health care. The promise of the DL approach has spurred further interest in computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) development and applications using both “traditional” machine learning methods and newer DL‐based methods. We use the term CAD‐AI to refer to this expanded clinical decision support environment that uses traditional and DL‐based AI methods.Numerous studies have been published to date on the development of machine learning tools for computer‐aided, or AI‐assisted, clinical tasks. However, most of these machine learning models are not ready for clinical deployment. It is of paramount importance to ensure that a clinical decision support tool undergoes proper training and rigorous validation of its generalizability and robustness before adoption for patient care in the clinic.To address these important issues, the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Computer‐Aided Image Analysis Subcommittee (CADSC) is charged, in part, to develop recommendations on practices and standards for the development and performance assessment of computer‐aided decision support systems. The committee has previously published two opinion papers on the evaluation of CAD systems and issues associated with user training and quality assurance of these systems in the clinic. With machine learning techniques continuing to evolve and CAD applications expanding to new stages of the patient care process, the current task group report considers the broader issues common to the development of most, if not all, CAD‐AI applications and their translation from the bench to the clinic. The goal is to bring attention to the proper training and validation of machine learning algorithms that may improve their generalizability and reliability and accelerate the adoption of CAD‐AI systems for clinical decision support.
Distinguishing glutamate and glutamine in in vivo1H MRS based on nuclear spin singlet order filtering
Authors: Xin Jia‐Xiang , Wei Da‐Xiu , Ren Yan , Wang Jun‐Long , Yang Guang , Zhang Huojun , Li Jianqi , Fu Caixia , Yao Ye‐Feng 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThe signals of glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) are often significantly overlapped in routine1H‐MR spectra of human brain in vivo. Selectively probing the signals of Glu and Gln in vivo is very important for the study of the metabolisms in which Glu and Gln are involved.MethodsThe Glu−/Gln‐ targeted pulse sequences are developed to selectively probe the signals of Glu and Gln. The core part of the Glu−/Gln‐ targeted pulse sequences lies on the preparation of the nuclear spin singlet orders (SSOs) of the five‐spin systems of Glu and Gln. The optimal control method is used to prepare the SSOs of Glu and Gln with high efficiency.ResultsThe Glu−/Gln‐ targeted pulse sequences have been applied on phantoms to selectively probe the signals of Glu and Gln. Moreover, in the in vivo experiments, the signals of Glu and Gln in human brains of healthy subjects have been successfully probed separately.ConclusionThe developed Glu−/Gln‐ targeted pulse sequences can be used to distinguish the1H‐MR signals of Glu and Gln in human brains in vivo. The optimal control method provides an effective way to prepare the SSO of a specific spin system with high efficiency and in turn selectively probe the signals of a targeted molecule.
The ability of physiotherapists to identify psychosocial factors in patients with musculoskeletal pain: A scoping review
Authors: Henning Michael , Smith Mike 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt is not known how well physiotherapists identify psychosocial factors in people with musculoskeletal pain, when using clinical judgement. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the research related to physiotherapist ability in identifying psychosocial factors and to subsequently identify gaps in the literature to help direct future research.Data SourcesSearches using relevant key words, were conducted of Medline, Cinahl, the Cochrane Library, PEDro, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. All primary quantitative and qualitative research from the year 2000 onwards, which met the search criteria, were included.Data Extraction and SynthesisA data extraction tool was used to tabulate data regarding demographics, study design and key findings of the included papers. The Mixed Methods Appraisals Tool (MMAT) was utilised to help examine the quality of included studies.ResultsOverall, the quality of the included studies was moderate. The total number of studies which met the inclusion criteria was relatively small (n = 20). The most common method for determining ability was comparison of physiotherapist estimations with validated screening tools or questionnaires. Physiotherapist estimates of psychosocial factors were poor and in the qualitative research, the lack of clinician confidence in psychosocial assessment was evident.ConclusionThe available research suggests that physiotherapists lack confidence and ability in identifying psychosocial factors. More rigorous, mixed‐methods research is warranted to capture the complexity of the research question.
Development of an implant technique and early experience using a novel implantable pulse generator with a quadripolar electrode array at the tibial nerve for refractory overactive bladder
Authors: Sirls Larry T. , Schonhoff Amanda , Waldvogel Angela , Peters Kenneth M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesTibial nerve stimulation is an effective treatment for overactive bladder (OAB) and has been utilized as an in‐person recurring session treatment option for many years. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a long‐term implantable device and the method of utilizing a retrograde approach to place the device (a percutaneous implantable pulse generator [pIPG] with integrated quadripolar electrodes) at the tibial nerve (Protect PNS; Uro Medical Corp.).MethodsA novel retrograde implant technique was developed through multiple cadaveric dissections to percutaneously implant a chronic, wireless, minimally invasive pIPG device with integrated quadripolar electrodes (now licensed to Uro Medical) at the tibial nerve. A proof‐of‐concept pIPG device approved as part of an FDA IDE was designed to gain early experience in subjects with refractory OAB. The pIPG was implanted in the office under local anesthesia using the novel retrograde approach, and stimulation was activated using an external wireless energy source called a transmitter. Initially, a pilot study was designed to compare outcomes in subjects randomized to either percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) or Protect PNS. However, due to the small sample sizes available at this time, it was not possible to compare the two groups. Thus, the purpose of this manuscript is to describe the outcome of subjects who underwent implantation of the Protect PNS system. Twelve‐month safety and efficacy were evaluated.ResultsNine subjects were enrolled in the randomized pilot study; 5 to the pIPG group and 4 to PTNS, and all completed the 13‐week primary endpoint. Subsequently, two subjects in the PTNS group chose to cross over and have the pIPG implanted after 13 weeks. Outcomes of the seven subjects who underwent implantation of the pIPG are described. No complications related to the office procedure were noted. Two of the older model pIPG devices became nonresponsive at 1 and 4 weeks and were replaced. Six minor adverse events were reported and resolved. Subjects reported improvement in urge urinary incontinence (UUI) episodes, OAB symptoms, and quality of life. Subjects impanted with a pIPG reported a 50% reduction in UUI as early as 1 week.ConclusionsResults of this pilot study suggest that retrograde percutaneous implantation of a pIPG is a safe, minimally invasive one‐stage office procedure for treatment for urge incontinence related OAB symptoms, without significant complications after 12 months follow‐up. Future studies will be required to compare outcomes among treatment modalities.