bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linear growth of circuit complexity from Brownian dynamics
Authors: Jian Shao-Kai , Bentsen Gregory , Swingle Brian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
How rapidly can a many-body quantum system generate randomness? Using path integral methods, we demonstrate that Brownian quantum systems have circuit complexity that grows linearly with time. In particular, we study Brownian clusters of N spins or fermions with time-dependent all-to-all interactions, and calculate the Frame Potential to characterize complexity growth in these models. In both cases the problem can be mapped to an effective statistical mechanics problem which we study using path integral methods. Within this framework it is straightforward to show that the kth Frame Potential comes within ϵ of the Haar value after a time of order t ~ kN + k log k + log ϵ−1. Using a bound on the diamond norm, this implies that such circuits are capable of coming very close to a unitary k-design after a time of order t ~ kN. We also consider the same question for systems with a time-independent Hamiltonian and argue that a small amount of time-dependent randomness is sufficient to generate a k-design in linear time provided the underlying Hamiltonian is quantum chaotic. These models provide explicit examples of linear complexity growth that are analytically tractable and are directly applicable to practical applications calling for unitary k-designs.
TRPM7 transactivates the FOSL1 gene through STAT3 and enhances glioma stemness
Authors: Guo Shanchun , Ramar Vanajothi , Guo Alyssa A. , Saafir Talib , Akpobiyeri Hannah , Hudson Breanna , Li Jason , Liu Mingli 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction
We previously reported that TRPM7 regulates glioma cells’ stemness through STAT3. In addition, we demonstrated that FOSL1 is a response gene for TRPM7, and the FOSL1 gene serves as an oncogene to promote glioma proliferation and invasion.

Methods
In the present study, we determined the effects of FOSL1 on glioma stem cell (GSC) markers CD133 and ALDH1 by flow cytometry, and the maintenance of stem cell activity by extreme limiting dilution assays (ELDA). To further gain insight into the mechanism by which TRPM7 activates transcription of the FOSL1 gene to contribute to glioma stemness, we constructed a FOSL1 promoter and its GAS mutants followed by luciferase reporter assays and ChIP-qPCR in a glioma cell line and glioma patient-derived xenoline. We further examined GSC markers ALDH1 and TRPM7 as well as FOSL1 by immunohistochemistry staining (IHC) in brain tissue microarray (TMA) of glioma patients.

Results
We revealed that FOSL1 knockdown reduces the expression of GSC markers CD133 and ALDH1, and FOSL1 is required to maintain stem cell activity in glioma cells. The experiments also showed that mutations of − 328 to − 336 and − 378 to − 386 GAS elements markedly reduced FOSL1 promoter activity. Constitutively active STAT3 increased while dominant-negative STAT3 decreased FOSL1 promoter activity. Furthermore, overexpression of TRPM7 enhanced while silencing of TRPM7 reduced FOSL1 promoter activity. ChIP-qPCR assays revealed that STAT3, present in nuclear lysates of glioma cells stimulated by constitutively activated STAT3, can bind to two GAS elements, respectively. We demonstrated that deacetylation of FOSL1 at the Lys-116 residue located within its DNA binding domain led to an increase in FOSL1 transcriptional activity. We found that the expression of TRPM7, ALDH1, and FOSL1 protein is associated with grades of malignant glioma, and TRPM7 protein expression correlates to the expression of ALDH1 and FOSL1 in glioma patients.

Conclusions
These combined results demonstrated that TRPM7 induced FOSL1 transcriptional activation, which is mediated by the action of STAT3, a mechanism shown to be important in glioma stemness. These results indicated that FOSL1, similar to GSC markers ALDH1 and TRPM7, is a diagnostic marker and potential drug target for glioma patients.
Feynman–Kac formula for BSDEs with jumps and time delayed generators associated to path-dependent nonlinear Kolmogorov equations
Authors: Di Persio Luca , Garbelli Matteo , Zălinescu Adrian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe consider a system of forward backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs) with a time-delayed generator driven by Lévy-type noise. We establish a non-linear Feynman–Kac representation formula associating the solution given by the FBSDEs system to the solution of a path dependent nonlinear Kolmogorov equation with both delay and jumps. Obtained results are then applied to study a generalization of the so-called large investor problem, where the stock price evolves according to a jump-diffusion dynamic.
Bio-evaluation of the 2-nitrochalcones as potential anti-lung cancer agents, inducers of apoptosis and inhibitors of protein kinase (VEGFR-2)
Authors: Mphahlele Malose J. , More Garland K. , Maluleka Marole M. , Choong Yee Siew 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA series of the 2-nitrochalcones 3a–3k was synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxicity against the human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and human embryonic kidney (HEK293-T) cell lines using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The 3-(4-fluorophenyl) 3c and the 3-(4-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl derivative 3k induced early (25–29%) and late (48–60%) apoptosis of A549 cells as determined by the Annexin V-FITC/PI method. The 3-(4-fluorophenyl) 3c, 3-(4-methoxyphenyl) 3h, 3-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl) 3j and the 3-(4-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl derivative 3k were also found to exhibit significant inhibitory activity against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) tyrosine kinase compared to staurosporine (0.035 ± 0.002 µM) or nintedanib (IC50 = 0.021 ± 0.001 µM) with IC50 values of 31.49 ± 0.02, 39.95 ± 0.17, 36.90 ± 0.16 and 29.10 ± 0.16 µM, respectively. Molecular docking studies were also conducted on 3c and 3k as representative models to recognize the hypothetical binding motif of the title compounds within the active site of VEGFR-2.
Aseptic survival of the 1.5‐stage exchange arthroplasty for periprosthetic joint infection was acceptable when using an autoclaved femoral component and a new polyethylene insert
Authors: Song Sang Jun , Hwang Sung Hyun , Baek Hyun Jae , Park Cheol Hee 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the aseptic survival of 1.5‐stage exchange arthroplasty for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsEighty‐eight cases of 1.5‐stage exchange arthroplasty for PJI without reinfection were retrospectively analysed. The autoclaved femoral component and new polyethylene insert (PE) were implanted using antibiotic mixed cement. The explanted tibial component was not reinserted. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and range of motion were clinically evaluated preoperatively and at the last follow‐up (the last time for the implant in situ). Radiographically, hip–knee–ankle angle (HKA) and component positions were measured preoperatively, postoperatively (1 month after the 1.5‐stage exchange arthroplasty), and at the last follow‐up. The survival rate was analysed using the Kaplan–Meier method, in which failure was defined as reoperation due to aseptic failure. Mean period to failure and failure site were analysed. Factors affecting survival were investigated in terms of demographics and inappropriateness of the postoperative HKA (HKA > 0 ± 3°) and component positions (α angle > 95 ± 3°, β angle > 90 ± 3°, γ angle > 3 ± 3°, and δ angle > 87 ± 3°).ResultsThe spacer in‐situ time was 3.7 years (0.2–6.4). The clinical results improved hip–knee–ankle significantly at the last follow‐up. Radiographically, the average HKA was valgus 0.1° postoperatively. The average α, β, γ, and δ angles of the postoperative component positions were 95.9°, 90.4°, 3.8°, and 86.7°, respectively. The 1‐, 2‐, and 5‐year postoperative survival rates were 90.9%, 86.4%, and 80.6%, respectively. The mean period to failure was 2.0 years (0.2–5.3). There were 18 cases of aseptic loosening (20.8%), occurring on both the femur and tibial sides in 1 knee, and only on the tibial side in 17 knees. Inappropriate coronal position of the PE (β angle > 90 ± 3°) was a significant factor affecting survival (odds ratio = 5.491; p = 0.011).ConclusionThe aseptic survival of the 1.5‐stage exchange arthroplasty was acceptable when using an autoclaved femoral component and new PE. The appropriate coronal position of the PE helps ensure favourable survival of 1.5‐stage exchange arthroplasty.Level of evidenceIV
Adverse outcome pathway for pregnane X receptor-induced hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Itkonen Anna , Hakkola Jukka , Rysä Jaana 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPharmaceuticals and environmental contaminants contribute to hypercholesterolemia. Several chemicals known to cause hypercholesterolemia, activate pregnane X receptor (PXR). PXR is a nuclear receptor, classically identified as a sensor of chemical environment and regulator of detoxification processes. Later, PXR activation has been shown to disrupt metabolic functions such as lipid metabolism and recent findings have shown PXR activation to promote hypercholesterolemia through multiple mechanisms. Hypercholesterolemia is a major causative risk factor for atherosclerosis and greatly promotes global health burden. Metabolic disruption by PXR activating chemicals leading to hypercholesterolemia represents a novel toxicity pathway of concern and requires further attention. Therefore, we constructed an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) by collecting the available knowledge considering the molecular mechanisms for PXR-mediated hypercholesterolemia. AOPs are tools of modern toxicology for systematizing mechanistic knowledge to assist health risk assessment of chemicals. AOPs are formalized and structured linear concepts describing a link between molecular initiating event (MIE) and adverse outcome (AO). MIE and AO are connected via key events (KE) through key event relationships (KER). We present a plausible route of how PXR activation (MIE) leads to hypercholesterolemia (AO) through direct regulation of cholesterol synthesis and via activation of sterol regulatory element binding protein 2-pathway.
A tensor product approach to non-local differential complexes
Authors: Hinz Michael , Kommer Jörn 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe study differential complexes of Kolmogorov–Alexander–Spanier type on metric measure spaces associated with unbounded non-local operators, such as operators of fractional Laplacian type. We define Hilbert complexes, observe invariance properties and obtain self-adjoint non-local analogues of Hodge Laplacians. For d-regular measures and operators of fractional Laplacian type we provide results on removable sets in terms of Hausdorff measures. We prove a Mayer–Vietoris principle and a Poincaré lemma and verify that in the compact Riemannian manifold case the deRham cohomology can be recovered.
Pediatric body composition based on automatic segmentation of computed tomography scans: a pilot study
Authors: Samim Atia , Spijkers Suzanne , Moeskops Pim , Littooij Annemieke S. , de Jong Pim A. , Veldhuis Wouter B. , de Vos Bob D. , van Santen Hanneke M. , Nievelstein Rutger A. J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Body composition during childhood may predispose to negative health outcomes later in life. Automatic segmentation may assist in quantifying pediatric body composition in children.

Objective
To evaluate automatic segmentation for body composition on pediatric computed tomography (CT) scans and to provide normative data on muscle and fat areas throughout childhood using automatic segmentation.

Materials and methods
In this pilot study, 537 children (ages 1–17 years) who underwent abdominal CT after high-energy trauma at a Dutch tertiary center (2002–2019) were retrospectively identified. Of these, the CT images of 493 children (66% boys) were used to establish normative data. Muscle (psoas, paraspinal and abdominal wall) and fat (subcutaneous and visceral) areas were measured at the third lumbar vertebral (L3) level by automatic segmentation. A representative subset of 52 scans was also manually segmented to evaluate the performance of automatic segmentation.

Results
For manually-segmented versus automatically-segmented areas (52 scans), mean Dice coefficients were high for muscle (0.87–0.90) and subcutaneous fat (0.88), but lower for visceral fat (0.60). In the control group, muscle area was comparable for both sexes until the age of 13 years, whereafter, boys developed relatively more muscle. From a young age, boys were more prone to visceral fat storage than girls. Overall, boys had significantly higher visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratios (median 1.1 vs. 0.6, P<0.01) and girls higher fat-to-muscle ratios (median 1.0 vs. 0.7, P<0.01).

Conclusion
Automatic segmentation of L3-level muscle and fat areas allows for accurate quantification of pediatric body composition. Using automatic segmentation, the development in muscle and fat distribution during childhood (in otherwise healthy) Dutch children was demonstrated.
When nets meet environmental DNA metabarcoding: integrative approach to unveil invertebrate community patterns of hypersaline lakes
Authors: Campbell Matthew A. , Laini Alex , White Nicole E. , Allentoft Morten E. , Saccò Mattia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSaline and hypersaline wetlands account for almost half of the volume of inland water globally. They provide pivotal habitat for a vast range of species, including crucial ecosystem services for humans such as carbon sink storage and extractive resource reservoirs. Despite their importance, effective ecological assessment is in its infancy compared to current conventional surveys carried out in freshwater ecosystems. The integration of environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis and traditional techniques has the potential to transform biomonitoring processes, particularly in remote and understudied saline environments. In this context, this preliminary study aims to explore the potential of eDNA coupled with conventional approaches by targeting five hypersaline lakes at Rottnest Island (Wadjemup) in Western Australia. We focused on the invertebrate community, a widely accepted key ecological indicator to assess the conservational status in rivers and lakes. The combination of metabarcoding with morphology-based taxonomic analysis described 16 taxa belonging to the orders Anostraca, Diptera, Isopoda, and Coleoptera. DNA-based diversity assessment revealed more taxa at higher taxonomic resolution than the morphology-based taxonomic analysis. However, certain taxa (i.e., Ephydridae, Stratyiomidae, Ceratopogonidae) were only identified via net surveying. Overall, our results indicate that great potential resides in combining conventional net-based surveys with novel eDNA approaches in saline and hypersaline lakes. Indeed, urgent and effective conservational frameworks are required to contrast the enormous pressure that these ecosystems are increasingly facing. Further investigations at larger spatial-temporal scales will allow consolidation of robust, reliable, and affordable biomonitoring frameworks in the underexplored world of saline wetlands.
Relationship between vitamin D, iron, and hepcidin in premenopausal females, potentially confounded by ethnicity
Authors: Greenwood Anya , von Hurst Pamela Ruth , Beck Kathryn Louise , Mazahery Hajar , Lim Kimberley , Badenhorst Claire Evelyn 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the associations between vitamin D, hepcidin, and iron status in premenopausal females of different ethnic cohorts residing in Auckland, New Zealand (NZ).

Methods
A total of 160 females aged 18–45 years participated in a cross-sectional study. Demographics, body composition, serum 25(OH)D, inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, IL-6), and iron biomarkers (serum ferritin, haemoglobin, soluble transferrin receptor, and hepcidin) were measured. Comparisons between parametric, non-parametric, and categorical variables were completed by using one-way ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, and Chi-squared tests, respectively. ANCOVA was used to compare serum 25(OH)D across iron parameter categories.

Results
Of the 160 participants, 60 were NZ European, 67 were South Asian, and 33 were from the ‘other’ ethnic groups. South Asians had significantly higher body fat percentage (BF%) and IL-6 concentration (38.34% and 1.66 pg·mL−1, respectively), compared to NZ Europeans (27.49% and 0.63 pg·mL−1, respectively, p < 0.001). South Asians had significantly lower 25(OH)D concentrations compared to NZ Europeans (33.59 nmol·L−1 vs 74.84 nmol·L−1, p < 0.001). In NZ Europeans, higher 25(OH)D concentration was seen in those with lower (≤ 3.5 nM) hepcidin concentration, p = 0.0046. In South Asians, higher 25(OH)D concentration was seen in those with higher (> 3.5 nM) hepcidin concentrations, p = 0.038. There were no associations between serum 25(OH)D and serum ferritin.

Conclusion
Within South Asian women, an unexpected positive relationship between 25(OH)D and hepcidin concentration was observed which may be due to significantly higher IL-6 concentrations, BF%, and lower 25(OH)D concentrations. Future research is required to confirm these observations in this ethnic cohort.
A history of asthma is associated with susceptibility to hidradenitis suppurativa: a population-based longitudinal study
Authors: Kridin Khalaf , Shihade Wesal , Weinstein Orly , Zoller Lilach , Onn Erez , Cohen Arnon , Solomon-Cohen Efrat 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe association of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and asthma remains to be investigated. To assess the bidirectional association between HS and asthma. A population-based study was conducted to compare HS patients (n = 6779) with age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched control subjects (n = 33,259) with regard to the incidence of new onset and the prevalence of preexisting asthma. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. The prevalence of preexisting asthma was higher in patients with HS relative to controls (9.6% vs. 6.9%, respectively; P < 0.001). The odds of HS were 1.4-fold greater in patients with a history of asthma (fully adjusted OR 1.41; 95% CI 1.27–1.55; P < 0.001). The incidence rate of new-onset asthma was estimated at 9.0 (95% CI 6.3–12.7) and 6.2 (95% CI 5.1–7.5) cases per 10,000 person-years among patients with HS and controls, respectively. The risk of asthma was not statistically different in patients with HS and controls (fully adjusted HR 1.53; 95% CI 0.98–2.38; P = 0.062). Relative to other patients with HS, those with HS and comorbid asthma were younger at the onset of HS (30.7 [14.7] vs. 33.3 [15.1], respectively; P < 0.001) and had a comparable risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 0.86; 95% CI 0.44–1.68; P = 0.660). A history of asthma confers susceptibility to subsequent development of HS. This observation is of importance for clinicians managing both patients with HS and asthma. Further research is warranted to elucidate the pathomechanism underlying this finding.
Real-world accuracy of computed tomography in patients admitted with small bowel obstruction: a multicentre prospective cohort study
Authors: Nielsen L. B. J. , Ærenlund M. P. , Alouda M. , Azzam M. , Bjerke T. , Burcharth J. , Dibbern C. B. , Jensen T. K. , Jordhøj J. Q. , Lolle I. , Malik T. , Ngo-Stuyt L. , Nielsen E. Ø. , Olausson M. , Skovsen A. P. , Tolver M. A. , Smith H. G. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common surgical emergency. Previous studies have shown the value computed tomography (CT) scanning in both confirming this diagnosis and identifying indications for urgent surgical intervention, such as strangulated bowel or closed loop obstructions. However, most of the literature is based on retrospective expert review of previous imaging and little data regarding the real-time accuracy of CT reporting is available. Here, we investigated the real-world accuracy of CT reporting in patients admitted with SBO.

Methods
This was a multicentre prospective study including consecutive patients admitted with SBO. The primary outcomes were the sensitivity and specificity of CT scanning for bowel obstruction with ischaemia and closed loop obstruction. Data were retrieved from the original CT reports written by on-call radiologists and compared with operative findings.

Results
One hundred seventy-six patients were included, all of whom underwent CT scanning with intravenous contrast followed by operative management of SBO. Bowel obstruction with ischaemia was noted in 20 patients, with a sensitivity and specificity of CT scanning of 40.0% and 85.5%, respectively. Closed loop obstructions were noted in 26 patients, with a sensitivity and specificity of CT scanning of 23.1% and 98.0%, respectively.

Conclusions
The real-world accuracy of CT scanning appears to be lower than previously reported in the literature. Strategies to address this could include the development of standardised reporting schemas and to increase the surgeon’s own familiarity with relevant CT features in patients admitted with SBO.
Successful long-term control of poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) infestations in floor-kept laying hens via integrated pest management—a case report
Authors: Rüster Vanessa , Lückemann Alina Kathrin , Wittmann Margareta , Strube Christina , Bartels Thomas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis case report describes the successful control of poultry red mite [PRM] (Dermanyssus gallinae) infestations in an experimental laying hen house via a combined use of cleaning and disinfection measure, the preventive application of a synthetic silica-based acaricide and frequent mite monitoring. The high number of PRM in the laying hen house was reduced by 99.8% by treatment with fluralaner (Exzolt®, MSD Animal Health Unterschleißheim, Germany; 0.5 mg/kg body weight via drinking water twice, 7 days apart). After the laying hens were removed, the hen house was dry-cleaned, wet-cleaned and disinfected. After drying, synthetic amorphous silica (Fossil Shield® instant white, Bein GmbH, Eiterfeld, Germany) was applied as a preventive measure before the hen house was restocked with pullets for two housing periods of 58 and 52 weeks. Over these periods (i.e. more than 2 years), no PRM was detected during mite monitoring at two-week intervals via tube traps and visual monitoring. This result therefore suggests that the combined use of appropriate chemical and physical prevention measures within an integrated pest management regime can be successfully used for the long-term control of PRM. This could reduce the use of acaricidal drugs, thereby helping maintain their efficacy.
The three-dimensional conformation and activity of mitochondria in syncytial male germ line-cysts of medicinal leeches
Authors: Diak Natalia , Śliwińska Małgorzata Alicja , Student Sebastian , Świątek Piotr 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe studied the spatial conformation and activity of mitochondria in the developing syncytial male germline cysts during spermatogenesis of the medicinal leeches using light, fluorescent, transmission electron microscopy, and serial block-face scanning electron microscopy. In cysts with spermatogonia and spermatocytes, mitochondria form networks and are in a dynamic hyperfusion state, while in cysts with spermatids, a single huge mitochondrion is observed. As spermiogenesis progresses, this huge mitochondrion is finally located in the future midpiece. The highest activity, in terms of membrane potential, of the mitochondria in H. medicinalis germline cysts was observed in cysts with spermatocytes; the lowest was in cysts with late elongated spermatids.