bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebellar mutism is linked to midbrain volatility and desynchronization from speech cortices
Authors: McAfee Samuel S , Robinson Giles , Gajjar Amar , Zhang Silu , Bag Asim K , Raches Darcy , Conklin Heather M , Khan Raja B , Scoggins Matthew A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Cerebellar mutism syndrome is a disorder of speech, movement and affect that can occur after tumour removal from the posterior fossa. Projections from the fastigial nuclei to the periaqueductal grey area were recently implicated in its pathogenesis, but the functional consequences of damaging these projections remain poorly understood.
Here, we examine functional MRI data from patients treated for medulloblastoma to identify functional changes in key brain areas that comprise the motor system for speech, which occur along the timeline of acute speech impairment in cerebellar mutism syndrome. One hundred and twenty-four participants, all with medulloblastoma, contributed to the study: 45 with cerebellar mutism syndrome, 11 patients with severe postoperative deficits other than mutism, and 68 without either (asymptomatic). We first performed a data-driven parcellation to spatially define functional nodes relevant to the cohort that align with brain regions critical for the motor control of speech. We then estimated functional connectivity between these nodes during the initial postoperative imaging sessions to identify functional deficits associated with the acute phase of the disorder. We further analysed how functional connectivity changed over time within a subset of participants that had suitable imaging acquired over the course of recovery. Signal dispersion was also measured in the periaqueductal grey area and red nuclei to estimate activity in midbrain regions considered key targets of the cerebellum with suspected involvement in cerebellar mutism pathogenesis.
We found evidence of periaqueductal grey dysfunction in the acute phase of the disorder, with abnormal volatility and desynchronization with neocortical language nodes. Functional connectivity with periaqueductal grey was restored in imaging sessions that occurred after speech recovery and was further shown to be increased with left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The amygdalae were also broadly hyperconnected with neocortical nodes in the acute phase. Stable connectivity differences between groups were broadly present throughout the cerebrum, and one of the most substantial differences—between Broca’s area and the supplementary motor area—was found to be inversely related to cerebellar outflow pathway damage in the mutism group.
These results reveal systemic changes in the speech motor system of patients with mutism, centred on limbic areas tasked with the control of phonation. These findings provide further support for the hypothesis that periaqueductal grey dysfunction (following cerebellar surgical injury) contributes to the transient postoperative non-verbal episode commonly observed in cerebellar mutism syndrome but highlights a potential role of intact cerebellocortical projections in chronic features of the disorder.
Use of multiple correspondence analysis to explore associations between caregivers and sun protective habits during summer vacations
Authors: Ezzedine Khaled , Bergqvist Christina , Baissac Catherine , Cullell Nuria Perez , Aroman Marketa Saint , Taïeb Charles , Lim Henry W 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildhood exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) plays an important role in the development of keratinocyte carcinomas and melanomas. Therefore, sun protective measures ought to be implemented during early childhood. Young children are largely dependent upon adult care providers in order to achieve proper sun protection.ObjectivesTo develop effective photoprotection in children, it is necessary to understand caregivers’ attitudes and knowledge about UVR exposure. This study aimed to explore the variables associated with sun protective behaviour in parents and grandparents during summer vacations.MethodsA multinational, cross-sectional study was conducted using a web-based online survey with a representative sample of parents and grandparents of children aged ≤ 12 years, who cared for their children/grandchildren for at least 2 weeks during the summer of 2021, in five countries (France, Germany, Spain, Italy and the USA). Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was used to explore in an unbiased way the possible relationships among all the variables and to identify specific profiles.ResultsA total of 6190 adult participants responded to the questionnaire: 5104 parents (average age 42.0 years, 54.3% women) and 1086 grandparents (average age 64.2 years, 55.5% women). MCA allowed discrimination of two groups of respondents based on their answers: a profile with ‘unprotected sun exposure habits’ vs. those with ‘protective sun exposure habits’. Parents fell in closer proximity to the ‘unprotected sun exposure habits’, and ‘sunburn reported in youngest child’. Grandparents adopted more cautious behaviours than parents. Nevertheless, grandparents fell in proximity to ‘having exposed the grandchild to the sun between 11 h and 17.00 h’, ‘not using an umbrella’ and ‘not using sunglasses’.ConclusionsAlthough grandparents appear to adopt more cautious behaviours than parents, many gaps in proper sun protection behaviour were observed in both groups of caregivers.
Prediction of perioperative myocardial infarction/injury in high-risk patients after noncardiac surgery
Authors: Meister Rebecca , Puelacher Christian , Glarner Noemi , Gualandro Danielle Menosi , Andersson Henrik A , Pargger Mirjam , Huré Gabrielle , Virant Georgiana , Bolliger Daniel , Lampart Andreas , Steiner Luzius , Hidvegi Reka , Lurati Buse Giovanna , Kindler Christoph , Gürke Lorenz , Mujagic Edin , Schaeren Stefan , Clauss Martin , Lardinois Didier , Hammerer-Lercher Angelika , Chew Michelle , Mueller Christian ,   for the BASEL-PMI Investigators, Rentsch Katharina , Seeberger Esther , Maiorano Silvia , Weder Samantha , de Lavallaz Jeanne du Fay , Arslani Ketina , Buser Andreas , Strebel Ivo , Wolff Thomas , Nestelberger Thomas , Haaf Philip , Bilici Murat , Lopez Pedro Lopez Ayala , Koechlin Luca 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aims
Perioperative myocardial infarction/injury (PMI) is a surprisingly common yet difficult-to-predict cardiac complication in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. We aimed to assess the incremental value of preoperative cardiac troponin (cTn) concentration in the prediction of PMI.

Methods and results
Among prospectively recruited patients at high cardiovascular risk (age ≥65 years or ≥45 years with preexisting cardiovascular disease), PMI was defined as an absolute increase in high-sensitivity cTnT (hs-cTnT) concentration of ≥14 ng/L (the 99th percentile) above the preoperative concentration. Perioperative myocardial infarction/injury was centrally adjudicated by two independent cardiologists using serial measurements of hs-cTnT. Using logistic regression, three models were derived: Model 1 including patient- and procedure-related information, Model 2 adding routinely available laboratory values, and Model 3 further adding preoperative hs-cTnT concentration. Models were also compared vs. preoperative hs-cTnT alone. The findings were validated in two independent cohorts. Among 6944 patients, PMI occurred in 1058 patients (15.2%). The predictive accuracy as quantified by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.73 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71–0.74] for Model 1, 0.75 (95% CI 0.74–0.77) for Model 2, 0.79 (95% CI 0.77–0.80) for Model 3, and 0.74 for hs-cTnT alone. Model 3 included 10 preoperative variables: age, body mass index, known coronary artery disease, metabolic equivalent &gt;4, risk of surgery, emergency surgery, planned duration of surgery, haemoglobin, platelet count, and hs-cTnT. These findings were confirmed in both independent validation cohorts (n = 722 and n = 966).

Conclusion
Preoperative cTn adds incremental value above patient- and procedure-related variables as well as routine laboratory variables in the prediction of PMI.
A Gradient of Intestinal Inflammation in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Authors: Wittek Agnes , Steglich Babett , Casar Christian , Seiz Oliver , Huber Philipp , Ehlken Hanno , Reher Dominik , Wende Sandra , Bedke Tanja , Kempski Jan , Böttcher Marius , Bang Corinna , Thingholm Louise , Krech Till , Lohse Ansgar W , Sauter Guido , Rösch Thomas , Franke Andre , Schramm Christoph , Gagliani Nicola , Pelczar Penelope , Huber Samuel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a progressive liver disease associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The percentage of PSC patients diagnosed with concomitant IBD varies considerably between studies. This raises the question whether all PSC patients would show intestinal inflammation if screened thoroughly, even in the absence of symptoms.

Methods
To address this question, we collected intestinal biopsies of healthy controls (n = 34), PSC (n = 25), PSC-IBD (n = 41), and IBD (n = 51) patients in a cross-sectional study and carried out cytokine expression profiling, 16S sequencing, in-depth histology, and endoscopy scoring.

Results
We found that the vast majority of PSC patients even without clinically manifest IBD showed infiltration of immune cells and increased expression of IL17A and IFNG in intestinal biopsies. However, expression of IL10 and FOXP3 were likewise increased, which may explain why these PSC patients have intestinal inflammation only on a molecular level. This subclinical inflammation in PSC patients was focused in the distal colon, whereas PSC-IBD patients showed inflammation either at the distal colon or on the right side of the colon and the terminal ileum. Furthermore, we observed that PSC patients without IBD showed signs of dysbiosis and exhibited a distinct microbial profile compared with healthy controls.

Conclusions
We found a gradient of intestinal inflammation in the vast majority of PSC patients even in the absence of IBD. Thus, further studies evaluating the effect of anti-inflammatory therapies in PSC patients and their impact on the emergence of clinically manifest IBD and colorectal cancer development are needed.
Research Progress of Interleukin-27 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Wang Qing , Chen Feifan , Peng Yingqiu , Yi Xuanyu , He Yu , Shi Yuan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be identified as an inflammatory disorder in the intestine, being characterized by maladjusted immune responses and chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract. However, as the etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear, more effective therapeutic approaches are needed. Recent studies have discovered a new cytokine, interleukin-27 (IL-27), which belongs to the superfamily of IL-6 and IL-12, demonstrating multiple functions in many infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. Interleukin-27 is mainly produced by antigen presentation cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells and mononuclear macrophages, playing a dual regulatory role in immunological response. Therefore, this updated review aims to summarize the new progress of the regulatory role of IL-27 in IBD and focus more on the interaction between IL-27 and immune cells, hoping to provide more evidence for the potential IBD treatment mediated by IL-27.
Increased Risk of Herpes Zoster in Adult Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease After SARS-CoV2 Infection: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Desai Aakash , Soni Aakriti , Hayney Mary S , Hashash Jana G , Kochhar Gursimran S , Farraye Francis A , Caldera Freddy 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
There is evidence that SARS-CoV2 infection can increase the risk of herpes zoster (HZ) in the general population. However, the risk in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is not known.

Methods
The TriNetX database was utilized to conduct a retrospective cohort study in patients with IBD after SARS-CoV2 infection and patients without a SARS-CoV2 infection (IBD control cohort). The primary outcome was to evaluate the risk of HZ between the 2 cohorts. One-to-one (1:1) propensity score matching was performed for demographic parameters, HZ risk factors and IBD medications between the 2 cohorts. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.

Results
After propensity score matching, patients with IBD with a SARS-CoV2 infection were at an increased risk for HZ (aOR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.53-3.04) compared with IBD control cohort in the pre-COVID-19 vaccine era. There was no difference in the risk (aOR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.44-1.75) of a composite outcome of HZ complications (hospitalization, post-herpetic neuralgia, and neurologic complications) between the 2 cohorts. The IBD SARS-CoV2 cohort was also at an increased risk for HZ (aOR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.48-6.24) compared with IBD control cohort in the postvaccine era. However, the risk of HZ in the postvaccine era was decreased (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.27-0.76) compared with IBD SARS-CoV2 cohort in the prevaccine era.

Conclusions
Our study showed that SARS-CoV2 infection is associated with an increased risk of HZ in patients with IBD.
An assessment of the barriers to the adoption of green building technologies in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Ahmed Said , Ibrahim Ahmed Osman , Bashir Faizah Mohammed , Chammam Abdeljelil , Gnaba Hela , Kadhim Sokaina Issa , Khalilpoor Nima 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The implementation of green buildings is widely regarded as a primary solution for optimizing fuel consumption in the construction and housing sector. Through an examination of relevant research literature, the most prominent hindrances to the implementation and proliferation of green buildings in Saudi Arabia were identified. Furthermore, the present study employed the Fuzzy Decision-making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (FDEMATE) to prioritize the aforementioned obstacles via the Fuzzy Analytic Network Process (FANP), while the Decision Super model was utilized. The findings indicate that the primary criteria section identified marketing barriers as the most significant obstacle, with a weight of 0.213, followed by risk and cost barriers with a weight of 0.207, knowledge and information barriers with a weight of 0.195, government-related barriers with a weight of 0.193 and human resources barriers with a weight of 0.192, respectively, ranked from first to fifth. According to the study's analysis, marketing obstacles carried the most weight, followed by risk and cost obstacles, government obstacles, knowledge and information obstacles and resources obstacles. The country has not adequately promoted green building technology. According to experts in the field, this is the greatest obstacle to implementing environmentally friendly building practices.
Susceptibility to COVID-19 and Immunologic Response to Vaccination in Patients With Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Finckh Axel , Ciurea Adrian , Raptis Catherine E , Rubbert-Roth Andrea 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are a highly heterogeneous group of diseases that share a common etiology of immune dysregulation, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis, among others. It is estimated that the prevalence of IMIDs ranges between 5% and 7% in developed countries. As current management of IMIDs includes the use of immunomodulatory medications, the resulting weakened immune response can increase the risk of infection, including with SARS-CoV-2 (the causative agent of COVID-19) and reduce response to vaccination, placing these individuals at continued risk of severe outcomes from COVID-19. In this article, we summarize the current literature related to COVID-19 outcomes and the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination among patients with rheumatologically dominated IMIDs, as well as the effect of immunomodulatory therapies on these outcomes. We conclude by providing current COVID-19 vaccination recommendations for individuals with IMID.
Performance response of increasing the standardized ileal digestible tryptophan:lysine ratio in diets containing 40% dried distiller grains with solubles
Authors: Clizer David A , Tostenson Blair J , Frederick Brent , Cline Paul M , Samuel Ryan S 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A total of 1,170 pigs (PIC 800 × PIC, initially 38.6 kg) were used in a 98-d grow-finish study to determine the performance response of pigs fed increasing levels standardized ileal digestible (SID) Trp:Lys ratio in diets containing 40% dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). Five dietary treatments were fed and consisted of a corn-soybean meal (SBM) diet or diets containing 40% DDGS with SID Trp:Lys ratios of 15%, 18%, 21%, or 24%. Each treatment was replicated 9 times and pens contained 26 pigs with the equal number of gilts and barrows. Data was analyzed as a randomized complete block design with previous nursery treatment as a random blocking factor. Pair-wise comparisons were used to evaluate the impact of diets on performance and carcass traits; specifically to compare the corn-SBM dietary treatment against other dietary treatments. Single degree of freedom orthogonal polynomials were used to evaluate the dose–response of increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in 40% DDGS diets. Increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in diets containing 40% DDGS increased (linear, P ≤ 0.02) average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), final body weight (BW), hot carcass weight (HCW), carcass gain, and daily carcass gain. Increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in 40% DDGS diets did not impact (P ≥ 0.65) gain to feed (G:F) for the cumulative period. Pigs fed the corn-SBM diet had greater (P ≤ 0.01) ADG and a heavier (P ≤ 0.01) final BW compared to pigs fed 40% DDGS diets, regardless of the SID Trp:Lys ratio. Diets that contained 40% DDGS with a SID Trp:Lys ratio of 24% had no difference (P|t| = 0.25) in ADFI compared to the corn-SBM dietary treatment. The cumulative G:F of pigs did not differ (P = 0.32) between pigs fed corn-SBM diets and diets containing 40% DDGS regardless of the SID Trp:Lys ratio. However, pigs receiving the corn-SBM diets had heavier HCW, greater carcass yields, total carcass gain, and daily carcass gain (P &lt; 0.01) compared to pigs fed the 40% DDGS diets regardless of SID Trp:Lys ratio. In conclusion, increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in 40% DDGS diets improved ADG and ADFI for the overall grow-finish period. However, when compared to a corn-SBM diet, increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in 40% DDGS diets did not correct the growth performance or carcass characteristics of pigs.
Internal organ dose rate conversion coefficients of Japanese macaques to 134Cs,137Cs and 131I
Authors: Takamura Yuta , Kajimoto Tsuyoshi , Tanaka Kenichi , Yamamoto Tomoya , Suzuki Masatoshi , Inaba Yohei , Chida Koichi , Fukumoto Manabu , Rangacharyulu Chary , Endo Satoru 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to estimate the internal dose of radiation in Japanese macaques (aka Nihonzaru or snow monkey) due to the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. Images of a male Japanese macaque weighing ~10 kg were acquired using a multi-slice computed tomography (CT) scan with a 64-row segment detector. The CT images were used to create voxel phantoms of the bones, bone marrow, brain, eyes, heart, lungs, stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, intestines, bladder, testes, thyroid and miscellaneous tissue. The Particle and Heavy Ion Transport System (PHITS) Monte Carlo code was used to calculate the internal exposure rate conversion factors for 134Cs, 137Cs and 131I isotopes for the created voxel phantoms with a statistical precision higher than 1%. The PHITS-calculated energy deposits were compared with those for rhesus monkeys. The results showed that the fractions of energy deposits for β-radiation in different organs were almost identical between the two species. For γ-radiation, there was excellent agreement in the self-absorption rate with the approximate curve of the Japanese macaque, with an average deviation of 2%. The maximum deviation of 12% was for the kidney, which has two organs, so the error with the approximate curve is slightly larger due to the energy loss created between organs.
Internal kinematics of Gaia DR3 wide binaries: anomalous behaviour in the low acceleration regime
Authors: Hernandez X 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The Gaia eDR3 catalogue has recently been used to study statistically the internal kinematics of wide binary populations using relative velocities of the two component stars, ΔV, total binary masses, mB, and separations, s. For s ≳ 0.01 pc, these binaries probe the low-acceleration a ≲ 2a0 regime where gravitational anomalies usually attributed to dark matter are observed in the flat rotation curves of spiral galaxies, where a0 ≈ 1.2 × 10−10 m s−2 is the acceleration scale of MOND. Such experiments test the degree of generality of these anomalies, by exploring the same acceleration regime using independent astronomical systems of vastly smaller mass and size. A signal above Newtonian expectations has been observed when a ≲ 2a0, alternatively interpreted as evidence of a modification of gravity, or as due to kinematic contaminants; undetected stellar components, unbound encounters, or spurious projection effects. Here I take advantage of the enhanced DR3 Gaia catalogue to perform a more rigorous study of the internal kinematics of wide binaries than what has previously been possible. Internally determined Gaia stellar masses and estimates of binary probabilities for each star using spectroscopic information, together with a larger sample of radial velocities, allow for a significant improvement in the analysis and careful exclusion of possible kinematic contaminants. Resulting ΔV scalings accurately tracing Newtonian expectations for the high acceleration regime, but markedly inconsistent with these expectations in the low acceleration one, are obtained. A non-Newtonian low acceleration phenomenology is thus confirmed.
Accretion disc evolution in GRO J1655−40 and LMC X-3 with relativistic and non-relativistic disc models
Authors: Yilmaz Anastasiya , Svoboda Jiří , Grinberg Victoria , Boorman Peter G , Bursa Michal , Dovčiak Michal 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Black hole X-ray binaries are ideal environments to study the accretion phenomena in strong gravitational potentials. These systems undergo dramatic accretion state transitions and analysis of the X-ray spectra is used to probe the properties of the accretion disc and its evolution. In this work, we present a systematic investigation of ∼1800 spectra obtained by Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer Proportional Counter Array observations of GRO J1655−40 and LMC X-3 to explore the nature of the accretion disc via non-relativistic and relativistic disc models describing the thermal emission in black hole X-ray binaries. We demonstrate that the non-relativistic modelling throughout an outburst with the phenomenological multicolour disc model DISKBB yields significantly lower and often unphysical inner disc radii and correspondingly higher (∼50–60 per cent) disc temperatures compared to its relativistic counterparts KYNBB and KERRBB. We obtained the dimensionless spin parameters of a* = 0.774 ± 0.069 and a* = 0.752 ± 0.061 for GRO J1655−40 with KERRBB and KYNBB, respectively. We report a spin value of a* = 0.098 ± 0.063 for LMC X-3 using the updated black hole mass of 6.98 M⊙. Both measurements are consistent with the previous studies. Using our results, we highlight the importance of self-consistent modelling of the thermal emission, especially when estimating the spin with the continuum-fitting method which assumes the disc terminates at the innermost stable circular orbit at all times.