bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐cell RNA‐seq reveals abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes and increased inflammatory differentiated keratinocytes in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Zhou Jie , Liang Gaopeng , Liu Lu , Feng Shujing , Zheng Zhengni , Wu Yaguang , Chen Xiaoling , Li Xiangqian , Wang Lina , Wang Li , Song Zhiqiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin disease characterized by severe pruritus and eczematous lesions. Heterogeneity of AD has been reported among different racial groups according to clinical, molecular and genetic differences.ObjectiveThis study aimed to conduct an in‐depth transcriptome analysis of AD in Chinese population.MethodsWe performed single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) analysis of skin biopsies from five Chinese adult patients with chronic AD and from four healthy controls, combined with multiplexed immunohistochemical analysis in whole‐tissue skin biopsies. We explored the functions of IL19 in vitro.ResultsScRNA‐seq analysis was able to profile a total of 87,853 cells, with keratinocytes (KCs) in AD manifesting highly expressed keratinocyte activation and pro‐inflammatory genes. KCs demonstrated a novel IL19+IGFL1+ subpopulation that increased in AD lesions. Inflammatory cytokines IFNG, IL13, IL26 and IL22 were highly expressed in AD lesions. In vitro, IL19 directly downregulated KRT10 and LOR in HaCaT cells and activated HaCaT cells to produce TSLP.ConclusionAbnormal proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes contribute immensely to the pathogenesis of AD, whereas AD chronic lesions have witnessed significant presence of IL19+IGFL1+KCs, which may be involved in the disruption of the skin barrier, the connection and magnification of Th2 and Th17 inflammatory responses, and mediation of skin pruritus. Furthermore, progressive activation of multiple immune axes dominated by Type 2 inflammatory reaction occur in AD chronic lesions.
On acknowledging silence within medical education
Authors: Brown Megan E. L. , Collini Anna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionSilence is a part of all interactions, yet its potential significance within medical education remains underexplored. Existing literature primarily focuses on its use as a skill, leaving a gap in understanding its broader implications. Emerging evidence from higher education suggests that conceptualising silence as a way of being and becoming could enrich personal and professional growth. Unfolding dialogue on equality, diversity and inclusion suggests that silence on inequity can be oppressive. However, medical education has yet to consider the possible implications of conceptualising silence in this way.MethodsWe explore silence through the philosophical lens of acknowledgement. Acknowledgement—communicative behaviour that grants attention to others—is a philosophy with roots in phenomenology. It is concerned with being and becoming, and silence can be part of the communicative behaviour that constitutes acknowledgement. Our aim in exploring the ontological nature of silence (silence associated with being) using acknowledgement is to offer a springboard for practitioners, educators, and researchers to consider how silence is connected with our existence as people.ResultsPositive acknowledgement involves a commitment to turning towards the other and valuing this connection. Silence can be a way of demonstrating this—for example, giving patients the space they need to express their thoughts and emotions. Negative acknowledgement is the opposite and involves dismissing, ignoring or invalidating another's experiences. In the context of silence, negative acknowledgement may involve ignoring a person or group's ideas, or bystander silence when witness to discrimination.ConclusionsWithin this work, we consider the ramifications of conceptualising silence as ontological, rather than purely a skill to be taught. This is a novel way of conceptualising silence, and there is a pressing need to explore this further to expand our understanding of the impact of silence for diverse groups of learners, educators, practitioners and patients.
Value of the modified semiquantitative classification in predicting outcomes in children with Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis
Authors: Wang Yuhao , Jiao Jia , Wan Junli , Wu Daoqi , Zhang Gaofu , Chan Han , Wang Mo , Chan Xuelan , Yang Haiping , Li Qiu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe modified semiquantitative classification (SQC) is a new pathological classification for Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN), and its prognostic value with regard to the outcomes of HSPN is unclear.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of 249 patients with biopsy‐proven HSPN admitted to the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. In addition to the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children (ISKDC) classification, renal biopsy specimens were also reevaluated according to the SQC.ResultsDuring the follow‐up period of 2.9 (1.0–6.9) years, 14 (5.6%) patients reached the poor outcome at the end of follow‐up. The SQC activity and chronicity indexes were positively correlated with the clinical manifestations, conventional pathology grades, and 24‐h urinary protein (24hUP). The difference in the areas under the curve between the total biopsy SQC scores and ISKDC classification was 0.12 (p = .001, 95% CI: 0.0485–0.192). In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year poor outcomes and total biopsy SQC scores, a total biopsy score ≥10 was associated with a higher risk of an adverse outcome.ConclusionOur study suggests that the SQC indexes are clearly correlated with the clinical and pathological findings of HSPN. The SQC is more sensitive than ISKDC classification for the prediction of the long‐term outcomes of HSPN in children.
SlMPK1‐ and SlMPK2‐mediated SlBBX17 phosphorylation positively regulates CBF‐dependent cold tolerance in tomato
Authors: Song Jianing , Lin Rui , Tang Mingjia , Wang Lingyu , Fan Pengxiang , Xia Xiaojian , Yu Jingquan , Zhou Yanhong 
Published: June 2023

Summary

B‐box (BBX) proteins are an important class of zinc finger transcription factors that play a critical role in plant growth and stress response. However, the mechanisms of how BBX proteins participate in the cold response in tomato remain unclear.

Here, using approaches of reverse genetics, biochemical and molecular biology we characterized a BBX transcription factor, SlBBX17, which positively regulates cold tolerance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).

Overexpressing SlBBX17 enhanced C‐repeat binding factor (CBF)‐dependent cold tolerance in tomato plants, whereas silencing SlBBX17 increased plant susceptibility to cold stress. Crucially, the positive role of SlBBX17 in CBF‐dependent cold tolerance was dependent on ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5). SlBBX17 physically interacted with SlHY5 to directly promote the protein stability of SlHY5 and subsequently increased the transcriptional activity of SlHY5 on SlCBF genes under cold stress. Further experiments showed that cold‐activated mitogen‐activated protein kinases, SlMPK1 and SlMPK2, also physically interact with and phosphorylate SlBBX17 to enhance the interaction between SlBBX17 and SlHY5, leading to enhanced CBF‐dependent cold tolerance.

Collectively, the study unveiled a mechanistic framework by which SlMPK1/2‐SlBBX17‐SlHY5 regulated transcription of SlCBFs to enhance cold tolerance, thereby shedding light on the molecular mechanisms of how plants respond to cold stress via multiple transcription factors.
Acute coronary syndrome versus cardiac memory: Unexpected cause of Pseudo‐Wellens syndrome
Authors: Yamanturk Yakup Yunus , Teker Muhammed Emin , Saritas Ecem , Cetin Tarik , Baskovski Emir , Altin Ali Timucin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPseudo‐Wellens Syndrome (PWS) refers to absence of severe obstructive lesion in the proximal segment of the left anterior descending (LAD) despite having clinical and electrocardiography (ECG) features similar to Wellens Syndrome (WS). In previous reports, PWS most commonly caused by illicit drug use, stress cardiomyopathy, or unknown etiologies In this report, we aimed to present our case in which we detected the development of “memory T wave” secondary to Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT) episodes as an interesting cause of PWS that has not been reported before.
Early Cenozoic increases in mammal diversity cannot be explained solely by expansion into larger body sizes
Authors: Benevento Gemma Louise , Benson Roger B. J. , Close Roger A. , Butler Richard J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA prominent hypothesis in the diversification of placental mammals after the Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K/Pg) boundary suggests that the extinction of non‐avian dinosaurs resulted in the ecological release of mammals, which were previously constrained to small body sizes and limited species richness. This ‘dinosaur incumbency hypothesis’ may therefore explain increases in mammalian diversity via expansion into larger body size niches, that were previously occupied by dinosaurs, but does not directly predict increases in other body size classes. To evaluate this, we estimate sampling‐standardized diversity patterns of terrestrial North American fossil mammals within body size classes, during the Cretaceous and Palaeogene. We find strong evidence for post‐extinction diversity increases in all size classes. Increases in the diversity of small‐bodied species (less than 100 g, the common body size class of Cretaceous mammals, and much smaller than the smallest non‐avialan dinosaurs (c. 400 g)) were similar to those of larger species. We propose that small‐bodied mammals had access to greater energetic resources or were able to partition resources more finely after the K/Pg mass extinction. This is likely to be the result of a combination of widespread niche clearing due to the K/Pg mass extinctions, alongside a suite of biotic and abiotic changes that occurred during the Late Cretaceous and across the K/Pg boundary, such as shifting floral composition, and novel key innovations among eutherian mammals.
Changes in childhood caregiving impressions among middle‐aged and older adults
Authors: Chopik William J. , Oh Jeewon , Challa Sneha R. , Hua Hannah L. , Maahs Julia M. , Smith Jacqui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChildhood experiences and impressions are important for individuals' health and well‐being—they often set the stage for how people approach relationships across the lifespan and how they make sense of their relational worlds. However, impressions of these experiences are likely not static and can change over time, even years after these experiences happened. The current study examined how impressions of parental relationships in childhood changed over time, and predictors of these changes, among middle‐aged and older adults followed over a 4‐year period (N = 2692; Mage = 66.67, SD = 9.15; 64.1% women). Childhood impressions of parental care were mostly stable over time, with 53.5%–65.0% of participants reporting consistent impressions. Becoming divorced/separated as an adult was associated with more negative impressions about relationships with fathers in the past. Having a mother pass away was associated with more positive impressions of mothers' caregiving when participants were children. Higher depressive symptoms at follow‐up were associated with darker perceptions of the past—more negative impressions of mothers and fathers as caregivers. The current study is one of the most comprehensive studies of late‐life changes in childhood impressions to date, suggesting future directions for studying the organization of relational experiences and recollection over time.
Melatonin enhances biomass, phenolic accumulation, and bioactivities of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) in vitro shoots under UV‐B stress
Authors: Zhao Zhuowen , Yun Cholil , Gu Lin , Liu Jianing , Yao Liuyang , Wang Wenjie , Wang Huimei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMelatonin is a stress‐related hormone that plays a critical role in triggering the plant defence system and regulating secondary metabolism when plants are exposed to stress. To explore the potential roles of melatonin in response to Ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation, we examined the effects of exogenous melatonin on rosemary in vitro shoots under UV‐B stress. The application of melatonin (50 μM) alleviated the adverse effects of UV‐B stress on the biomass, photosynthetic pigment contents, and membrane lipids of the rosemary in vitro shoots. Melatonin significantly increased superoxide dismutase (1.15.1.1, SOD), peroxidase (1.11.1.7, POD), and catalase (1.11.1.6, CAT) activities by 62%, 99%, and 53%, respectively. The contents of total phenols, rosmarinic acid, and carnosic acid increased under UV‐B stress, and they further increased by the melatonin treatment by 41%, 68%, and 67%, respectively, compared with the control group. Under UV‐B stress, the increased total phenol content in melatonin‐pretreated plants could be attributed to the activation of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (4.3.1.5, PAL) and tyrosine aminotransferase (2.6.1.5, TAT). In addition, melatonin enhanced the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the rosemary in vitro shoots under UV‐B stress. These results suggest that melatonin can alleviate the damage caused by UV‐B stress and also enhance the secondary metabolism and bioactivity of rosemary in vitro shoots.
Comparison of hemodynamic changes with general or local anesthesia during dental treatment in pediatric patients: A prospective clinical study
Authors: Pérez‐García Silvia , Acosta‐Ibarra Johanna , Ruiz‐Roca Juan‐Antonio , Añez Cristóbal , Gargallo‐Albiol Jordi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and aimSevere hemodynamic fluctuations during dental treatment can trigger highly undesirable physical reactions. A study was made to determine whether the administration of propofol and sevoflurane contributes to the stabilization of hemodynamic parameters during dental treatment in pediatric patients versus the use of local anesthesia alone.Materials and methodsForty pediatric patients needing dental treatment were assigned to either general anesthesia with local anesthesia (study group [SG]) or local anesthesia alone (control group [CG]). Two percent sevoflurane in oxygen (100% oxygen, 5 L/min) and continuous propofol infusion (target‐controlled infusion [TCI], 2 μg/mL) were used as general anesthesia agents in SG; and 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 adrenaline was used as local anesthesia in both groups. Heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation were measured before starting dental treatment (baseline) and every 10 min during dental treatment.ResultsBlood pressure (p < .001), heart rate (p = .021) and oxygen saturation (p = .007) decreased substantially after the administration of general anesthesia. The levels of these parameters subsequently remained low and then recovered at the end of the procedure. On the other hand, the oxygen saturation values remained closer to baseline in SG versus CG. In contrast, the hemodynamic parameters experienced lesser fluctuations in CG than in SG.ConclusionsGeneral anesthesia affords more favorable cardiovascular parameters during the entire dental treatment in comparison to local anesthesia alone (blood pressure and heart rate decrease significantly and oxygen saturation proves more stable and with values closer to baseline), and allows dental treatment to be performed on healthy, lacking cooperative ability children who otherwise could not be treated with local anesthesia alone. No side effects were observed in either group.
Sharing economy as a field: Revisiting debates and introducing new research avenues
Authors: Shmidt Mayya 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article offers a state‐of‐art review of previous research in the field of sharing economy. It explores the definitional dilemma and presents the research field of sharing economy as a contested one. In an attempt to contribute to the numerous efforts of ordering, summarizing and characterizing sharing economy, the article further unpacks the debates driving the emergent sharing economy field. First, it is a debate on the role and place of ICT and platform technologies in sharing economy. Second, the article explores the role and place of economic interest in sharing economy, placing the empirical reality of sharing economy along a broad spectrum from for‐profit enterprises to non‐profit community sharing projects. Third, the paper analyses the question of ownership and its transfer in sharing economy, exploring its positioning vis‐à‐vis gift economy, and short‐term renting and lending. It further analyses relationships between stakeholders (private individuals and business actors) participating in sharing economy, presents the overview of literature on the three transactional models in sharing economy, Business to Consumer (B2C), Business to Business (B2B), and Peer to Peer (P2P). Finally, the paper suggests future research avenues. This study highlights the lack of research looking at sharing outside of the purview of market exchange. It is suggested that the definition of sharing economy and research in the field should focus on P2P activities. Furthermore, it is suggested that the configuration of the sharing economy should be understood from a field perspective. Field‐level studies of issues that bring together various actors in debates on sharing economy should allow for understanding further development of sharing economy.
Ideology, moral reframing, and persuasion in the context of COVID‐19 vaccines
Authors: Altgilbers Roweton Marie , Eidelman Scott 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA possible strategy for circumventing vaccine hesitancy and increasing support for vaccines is moral reframing. Moral Foundations Theory suggests messages framed using individuating foundations should be more persuasive to liberals, while messages framed using binding foundations should be more persuasive to conservatives. In an experiment, we investigated the role of political ideology and moral reframing in persuading college students to support mandating COVID‐19 vaccination on university campuses. We tested harm‐framed and loyalty‐framed interventions to persuade liberals and conservatives, respectively. Results indicated that overall conservatives were less persuaded than liberals. Liberals were more persuaded by a harm‐framed than loyalty‐framed message when measuring ideology categorically (but not continuously). There were no differences in persuasion among conservatives. With further research, moral reframing could be effective in increasing support for vaccines and mandatory vaccinations.
Incidence and factors associated with chronic chikungunya arthritis following chikungunya virus infection
Authors: Yodtaweepornanan Pasathorn , Pongsittisak Wanjak , Satpanich Panchalee 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesChikungunya virus infection is a mosquito‐borne illness. First‐phase symptoms include fever, malaise, rash, and arthritis (self‐limiting). Some patients can have chronic‐phase symptoms, including chronic tenosynovitis, bursitis, and arthritis. This study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors of chronic arthritis in patients with chikungunya infection.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study analysed all adults diagnosed with chikungunya infection between 2015 and 2020 at our centre. Baseline and follow‐up symptoms were evaluated in serologically confirmed cases. Chronic chikungunya arthritis was persistent arthritis >3 months after the onset. Patients who had preexisting chronic inflammatory arthritis and were lost to follow‐up before 3 months from diagnosis were excluded.ResultsThis study enrolled 120 patients. The median age was 51 (IQR 14) years, and 78% were female. The median number of joints with arthritis was 4 (IQR 8). The initial visual analog scale (VAS) score was 50 mm (IQR 40). Small joints of the hands, wrist, and knee (44.2%, 43.3%, and 42.3%, respectively) were the most affected. The incidence of chronic chikungunya arthritis was 40.4%. From the multivariable logistic regression, the initial number of joints with arthritis, initial VAS scores, and female sex were independently associated with chronic chikungunya arthritis with odds ratios of 1.09 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.18), 1.03 (95% CI 1.01–1.06), and 4.17 (95% CI, 1.05–16.67), respectively.ConclusionsChronic chikungunya arthritis is common in patients with chikungunya virus infection. Its predictive factors include the initial number of joints with arthritis, initial VAS scores, and female sex.
Men who have sex with men and risk for transfusion‐transmissible infections in blood donors in Western countries: A systematic review update
Authors: Schroyens Natalie , Borra Vere , Compernolle Veerle , Vandekerckhove Philippe , De Buck Emmy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis systematic review update summarizes evidence concerning transfusion‐transmissible infections (TTIs) in male blood donors reporting sex with another man (MSM) or after easing the MSM deferral period.Materials and MethodsWe searched five databases, including studies comparing MSM versus non‐MSM donors (Type I), MSM deferral periods (Type II) or infected versus non‐infected donors (Type III) in Western countries, and used GRADE to determine evidence certainty.ResultsTwenty‐five observational studies were included. Four Type I studies suggest that there may be an increased risk for overall TTIs, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and syphilis in MSM donors, but the evidence is very uncertain. There was insufficient evidence of MSM with low‐risk sexual behaviour. A Type II study indicates that easing the MSM deferral period to 1 year may have little to no effect on TTI risk. TTI prevalence in blood donors under 5‐year, 1‐year, 3‐month or risk‐based deferral in eight other Type II studies was too low to provide clear conclusions on the effect of easing the deferral. Three Type III studies reported that MSM may be a risk factor for HIV. Increased risk of HBV, hepatitis C virus and HTLV‐I/II could not be shown. The evidence from Type III studies is very uncertain.ConclusionThere may be an increased risk of HIV in MSM blood donors. Shortening the deferral from permanent to 1 year may have little to no effect on TTI risk. However, there is limited, unclear evidence from observational studies concerning the impact of introducing 3‐month or risk‐based deferrals.
Formal Qualitative Physics-Based Reasoning for Functional Decomposition of Engineered Systems
Authors: Mao Xiaoyang , Sen Chiradeep 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Functional decomposition is an important task in early systems engineering and design, where the overall function of the system is resolved into the functions of its components or subassemblies. Conventionally, this task is performed manually, because of the possibility of multiple solution paths and the need for understanding the physics phenomena that could realize the desired effects. To this end, this paper presents a formal method for functional decomposition using physics-based qualitative reasoning. The formal representation includes three parts: (1) a natural language lexicon that can be used to detect the changes of physical states of material and energy flows, (2) a set of causation tables that abstracts the knowledge of qualitative physics by capturing the causal relations between the various quantities involved in a physical phenomenon or process, and (3) a process-to-subgraph mapping that translates the physical processes to function structure constructs. The algorithms use the above three representations and some additional topological reasoning to synthesize and assemble function structure graphs that are decompositions of a given black box model. The paper presents the formal representations and reasoning algorithms and illustrates this method using an example function model of an air-heating device. It also presents the software implementation of the representations and the algorithms and uses it to validate the method’s ability to generate multiple decompositions from a black-box function model.