bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Influence of Process Parameters for Minimizing Defects in 3D Printed Parts Through Remote Monitoring
Authors: Bhandarkar Vivek V. , Patil Ishant G. , Shahare Harshal Y. , Tandon Puneet 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Although fused deposition modeling (FDM) can fabricate complex functional components with desired structures, various defects emerge due to the diverse process parameters used in the process, which have a substantial impact on the quality and mechanical properties of the manufactured FDM parts. Therefore, the selection of suitable process parameters is an important design consideration for improving component quality. In the proposed work, the Taguchi optimization approach was used to optimize FDM process parameters to eliminate warpage defects in 3D printed parts. Infill pattern, infill density, raster angle, printing speed, layer height, build plate temperature, and extruder temperature were selected as the process parameters. Polylactic acid (PLA) was used to make the specimens using the Creality Ender-3 3D printer. The entire fabrication process was remotely monitored by interfacing the Raspberry Pi controller and camera with the OctoPrint platform. The influence of selected factors on warpage defect was evaluated and optimized using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N ratio), and a linear regression model. The results were later experimentally validated. The applicability of the optimized 3D printed part was verified by subjecting them to tensile tests.
Type X Robot: Theory and Practice for a Revolution in Motor Learning
Authors: Zhang Danqing , Weaver Jonathan M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This research proposes and tests the concept of using a robot to train a subject to perform a desired repetitive motion, wherein the level of the assist of the robot fades away as the subject learns the motion. The proposed robot is designated as Type X where the “X” in represents the variable level of autonomy. A Type X robot has been built and tested, with the experiment results suggesting that transient learning using the Type X provides clear and statistically better training of a repetitive motor task than was achieved through purely active learning (no robot assist) or purely passive learning (the robot is in full control of the motion during training).
Analysis of 3D Printing Performance Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Kabengele Kantu Thomas , Tartibu Lagouge Kwanda , Olayode Isaac Oyeyemi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing is gaining momentum in the market compared to conventional subtractive technologies due to its ability to speedily produce complex and customized geometries with less waste of material. Some 3D printing parameters are influential or crucial as they affect the final part’s mechanical properties based on the technology used. These are the printing height, the printing rate, the nozzle diameter, the nozzle movement rate, the layer thickness, the temperature, the ventilator speed, the print precision, the layer thickness, the type of infill, and the extrusion. This paper proposes the development of a neural networks model (ANN) and a hybrid neural network trained by particle swarm optimization (ANN-PSO) to get an insight into the selection of 3D printing parameters and adjust them. To ensure the quality of the 3D printing, a parametric analysis has been performed to identify the best configuration of the models. Readily available data has been used to demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach. These data have been used to train and test the algorithms and build robust models able to predict performance. The ANN and the ANN-PSO models have exhibited good overall performance that demonstrates the potential for modelling and prediction of 3D printing performance using machine learning techniques.
Probabilistic Reliability Analysis Method Based on Surrogate Model for Wind Turbine Drivetrain Structure Subjected to Random Dynamic Load
Authors: Jimbo Tomohiko , Kano Akira , Hisakuni Yousuke , Ito Yasutaka , Hirohata Kenji , Ichimura Tsuyoshi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In order to improve the mechanical reliability for wind turbine drivetrain structure subjected to random dynamic load, commercial load and fatigue calculation method is developed based on stochastic and stochastic methods (extreme statistics) of the mechanical composition part to the random dynamic load due to the effects such as wind and the earthquake. Evolutionary spectrum is introduced from the analogy with a concept of a dynamic design wave. An attempt is made for random dynamic load calculation and fatigue prediction of 2MW wind power generation plant by the strong wind and earthquake using large-scale structural analysis based on Finite Element Method and Surrogate Modeling Method based on machine learning with physical model.
Darrieus Wind Turbines With Twisted Blades
Authors: Sutariya Yashkumar Rameshbhai , Zhou Hong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Darrieus wind turbines are lift-type vertical axis wind turbines. They have merits of simple structure and construction, easy installation and maintenance. Darrieus wind turbines can capture wind from any direction and convert it into electric power. They do not need any yaw mechanism to adjust their orientations in order to make their rotors face wind direction. Because of their lift-type, the power conversion efficiency is relatively high compared with drag-type vertical axis wind turbines like Savonius wind turbines. Although the merits of Darrieus wind turbines are remarkable, they also have their demerits. Compared with other types of vertical axis wind turbines, Darrieus wind turbines have relatively low static torque that weakens their self-starting capability. This research is motivated by surmounting the disadvantages facing Darrieus wind turbines. The research objective is focused on improving Darrieus wind turbines’ static and dynamic performance. In this research, Darrieus wind turbines with different blade shapes and numbers are simulated. The effects of the design parameters on the performance of Darrieus wind turbines are analyzed. Darrieus wind turbines are designed based on their geometric parameters to improve their performance. The results from this research will help the development and promotion of Darrieus wind turbines.
Solar Tracking Using Four-Bar Mechanisms
Authors: Munoz Saul , Zhou Hong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Solar tracking adjusts the orientation of solar panels and makes them face Sun to increase power generation. The Earth has two movements with respect to Sun: the daily axial rotation and the yearly orbital revolution. There are two degrees of freedom in the relative motion between Earth and Sun. For solar tracking, Earth is commonly considered to be stationary while Sun takes relative motion with respect to Earth. Sun travels from east to west during daytime and also moves north and south due to Earth’s tilt. However, Sun’s daily north-south move is much smaller than its east-west move. Although the existing solar trackers with two degrees of freedom increase solar power generation from solar panels significantly, they also consume considerable power by driving solar trackers. Single-axis (or one degree of freedom) solar trackers can catch Sun’s daily east-west movement effectively. Sun’s small north-south movement can be covered for them by monthly or seasonal manual adjustment of their orientations. This research is focused on single-axis solar trackers that have one degree of freedom. Four-bar mechanisms (or linkages) consist of four links that are connected by revolute or prismatic kinematic joints in a closed loop. They are the simplest mechanisms with one degree of freedom. Four-bar mechanisms have been widely used in various mechanical devices for different applications. Properly designed four-bar mechanisms can generate the output motion to meet the solar tracking requirements. However, single-axis solar trackers that are based on four-bar mechanisms also face challenges such as limited solar tracking motion range, high actuation power consumption, lacking self-locking function. This research is aimed at circumventing the challenges on solar trackers that are constructed of four-bar mechanisms. In this research, 4R and 3R1P four-bar mechanisms are designed for generating solar tracking output motion. Their kinematic and dynamic performances are analyzed and simulated. The results from this research will provide guidelines for developing and promoting single-axis solar trackers using four-bar mechanisms.
Vapour Cough Visualization for COVID-19 – Computational Modelling Approach
Authors: AL-Rawi Mohammad , Al-Jumaily Ahmed M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
New Zealand and many countries gained heightened awareness of indoor air quality (IAQ) issues, and increased investment, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, to improve their IAQ and reduce air pollution in commercial and residential buildings. Additionally, some countries have introduced new standards for indoor environments, such as the New Zealand “healthy homes” standard. At the same time, COVID-19 pandemic forced many people to spend much more time in indoor spaces, due to stay-at-home, or lockdown orders by governments. This increased attention on other aspects of indoor environmental quality, such as occupants’ satisfaction with thermal comfort parameters, presents an additional parameter for research and in the development of standards. From a medical perspectives, infectious respiratory diseases, such as influenza or COVID-19, are transmitted by airborne droplets. In this work, we assess a Polyester Filter and UV light (PFUV) dehumidifier device performance in an office with two occupants (one uninfected and the other one infected with a disease with airborne transmission using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. Two positions for locating the PFUV dehumidifier in an office with a scenario in which one person is exhaling infected air and the other occupant must inhale and exhale from the shared air. The CFD model illustrated the best position of the device to distribute the air velocity contours. Further, based on the CFD model which was validated via the IAQ and comfort kit (Testo 400) thermal comfort analysis showed that the room is slightly cold.
Microstructure Evolution and R-Phase Transformation in NiTi Shape Memory Alloy Processed by Constrained Groove Pressing and Ageing Treatment
Authors: Bhardwaj Akhil , Mathur Devanshi , Oswal Kunthal , Gupta Amit Kumar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
R-phase transformation has been known to originate from thermomechanical processing, ageing and microalloying various elements in NiTi. R-phase transformation has been known for high cyclic fatigue resistance, higher stability but in short range of 1%–2% strain thus, possess high potential for sensors, actuators, dampers and elastocaloric cooling applications. Constrained groove pressing (CGP) is well known sheet metal severe plastic deformation technique for grain refinement. In this study, the microstructure evolution and R-phase transformation has been analyzed first time in NiTi sheet processed by CGP and ageing treatment. The CGP leads to severe plastic deformation and grain refinement while post ageing resulted into Ni4Ti3 precipitation. This gives rise to improvement and stabilization of R-phase transformation, larger R-phase transformation and higher martensite stress during cyclic loading as compared to the water quenched NiTi alloy. These improvements will help to extend nitinol sheet-based applications domain which utilize R-phase transformation.
Enhanced Fault Detection of Vehicle Lateral Dynamics Using a Dynamically Adjustable Bayesian Network Structure and Extented Kalman Filter
Authors: Bodrumlu Tolga , Gözüm Mehmet Murat , Kavak Batıkan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In order to improve reliability and safety in many technical systems; the importance of the fault diagnosis and detection is increasing day by day. This is particularly important in safety-related industries such as airplanes, trains, automobiles, power plants, and chemical plants. In this study, a model-based fault detection method that can detect faults affecting the lateral dynamic system of a vehicle is proposed. The developed fault detection algorithm includes both Bayesian Network and Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). EKF plays an effective role especially in detecting the faulty speed measurements. In the fault detection algorithm, six residual values are calculated. The threshold values of all the calculated residuals are determined using real test dataset. Depending on whether the residuals exceed the threshold value or not, the fault generation coefficients in the Bayesian Network are also dynamically updated to provide precise information regarding which sensor has a fault. The implementation of the fault detection algorithm is carried out using real test data and the numerical simulations are performed in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The results show that the proposed fault detection algorithm gives over 92% fault probability by using Bayesian and EKF structure together.
Learning by Doing in the Dynamics and Mechanical Vibrations Courses Using 3D Printed Equipment
Authors: Tran Thuong , Tran Tinh , Tran Kevin , Oun Karena , Tekes Ayse 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Limited resources available to the engineering faculty and students impede student learning and deep understanding of the material that is presented in the dynamics and mechanical vibrations courses. Active learning practices such as learning by doing is an effective way to not only build a solid foundation in knowledge but also help students develop engineering skills. However, these courses are mainly taught in a traditional manner and many students struggle in connecting the theory to its real-world application and lose interest. Although mechanical engineering students get more hands-on opportunities in the laboratories, they take vibrations and control laboratories in the following semesters since vibrations is a pre-requisite for these labs. To address this issue, we designed 3 low-cost, compact, and portable laboratory equipment and fabricated them using 3D printing technology. The first equipment is a 3-pendulum system with different lengths and tip loads that can be utilized in the engineering dynamics course. While the second equipment is a 2 DOF compliant vibration isolator consisting of flexible beams, masses, and a linear actuator, the third equipment is a non-linear cantilever beam to be utilized in the vibrations courses and their associated laboratories.
Biventricular Statistical Shape Atlas of Unloaded Reference Geometries: A Novel Method to Control for Hemodynamic Variations in End-Diastolic Pressure
Authors: Crabb Brendan T. , Govil Sachin , Hegde Sanjeet , Perry James C. , Young Alistair A. , Omens Jeffrey H. , Kim Hyong , Valdez-Jasso Daniela , Contijoch Francisco 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Biventricular statistical atlases are useful dimensionality reduction tools that have demonstrated utility for discovering improved diagnostic and prognostic markers. Patient-specific geometries used to generate these atlases are obtained from in-vivo tomographic images of end diastole (ED) and/or end-systole (ES). However, because these are pressure loaded states, variations in hemodynamic loading may impact downstream shape analysis. In this project, we used a computationally expensive, iterative method to estimate the ventricular geometry in the absence of hemodynamic loading and quantified the shape difference between pressure loaded and unloaded states using a statistical atlas. Next, we assessed whether these atlas-based shape differences could be used as an accurate initial guess for the iterative method, thereby improving the convergence time. In a cohort of 23 patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), hemodynamic unloading produced atlas-based z-score changes that were highly conserved between patients, with absolute differences between the loaded and unloaded states of 1.0 ± 0.14, 1.2 ± 0.27, −0.1 ± 0.08, and 0.5 ± 0.08 for the first 4 shape modes, respectively. When we used these atlas-based z-score changes as an initial guess, we observed a 72% decrease in required CPU time to solve for patient-specific unloaded geometries.
Lateral and Transverse Movable Mass Impacts on Bandwidth of Kinetic Energy Harvesters
Authors: Jackson Nathan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Vibrational energy harvesters have significant potential to replace batteries to create self-sustaining systems able to harvest energy from the ambient environment. However, currently high Q-factor or low bandwidth is a major challenge that needs to be resolved, as typical linear MEMS energy harvesters have a frequency bandwidth of about 1–3 Hz. Various methods to increase the bandwidth have been investigated but, they often result in a significant reduction of power. This study investigates a new method of increasing bandwidth without significantly reducing power. The study experimentally investigates the use of lateral and vertical moving masses to solve this problem. Vertical movable masses create non-linear dynamics to increase the bandwidth but also results in lowering the power, whereas lateral moving masses have a slight increase in bandwidth but almost no reduction in power. By combining these methods, it was demonstrated that a device can be created that increases bandwidth by &gt; 1000% with only a 54% reduction in peak power. This paper demonstrates a proof of concept at the macro-scale and provides researchers with valuable information to allow them to tune the power and bandwidths to meet their application specifications.
Promoting Globalization of Engineering by Developing Students’ Potential for Productive Communication and Interaction Using Transactional Analysis in a Historically Black College and University
Authors: Addo Sampson , Tyagi Pawan , Gaye Samba , Baker Kaiya 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Previous research has indicated the importance of effective communication in globalization as individuals from different countries, languages, cultural inclinations, and other background variations need to understand one another and express themselves to work effectively together. Our ability to interact with others productively during our adulthood has been linked to what happened in our early childhood. Of particular importance to effective interaction is the study by Dr. Eric Berne, a psychologist, who developed the term Transactional Analysis (TA) in the 1950 and the 60s. Transactional analysis is defined by the International Transactional Analysis Association as a theory of personality and a systematic psychotherapy for personal growth and personal change. Dr. Berne postulated that adulthood reactions to situations are largely determined by the treatment received from main caregivers during early childhood (that is birth to 5 years). As part of his theory of personality, he identified three ego-states known as Parent (P), Adult (A), and Child (C). Over the years, Dr. Berne’s theory has been applied in varied fields such as counseling, psychotherapy, organizational development, and education, and various studies have assessed its effectiveness in a wide variety of contexts. However, little research has been done to develop engineering students’ potential for effective communication to promote the globalization of engineering, after being taught TA using Student Presentation Based Effective Teaching (SPET). This study seeks to promote the globalization of engineering by developing students’ potential for productive communication using Transactional Analysis. To achieve this, we developed a Transactional Analysis Tool to evaluate the communication traits of engineering students taught TA through SPET in the MECH 500 Research Experience and Technical Communication (RETC) course and that of a control group, who were not taught TA. The results indicate engineering students introduced to TA, have a high level of self-awareness to effectively communicate globally when compared with that of the control group. We believe that to promote the globalization of engineering, it is important that engineering students’ productive communication competencies are developed through concepts such as TA and Positive Intelligence, by including these in universities’ engineering curricula.
Effect of Spinning Process Parameters on Roundness of Aluminum Alloy Wheel Hub Surface and Analysis of Springback Characteristics
Authors: Chen Siyuan , Shu Xuedao , Lu Yujie , Zheng Jiabin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper mainly studies the effect of process parameters on the roundness of the outer surface of the wheel hub during the spinning process of the forged and Spinned aluminum alloy wheel hub and summarizes the laws of the spring back phenomenon. Firstly, based on the finite element analysis platform of Simufact. Forming, the finite element simulation model of the spinning and forming of 6061 aluminum alloy wheel hub was established in this paper. Then, the spinning process of the 6061 aluminum alloy wheel hub was numerically simulated by using simulation software. Four main process parameters (temperature, feed rate, thinning rate, spindle speed) were selected for the single factor simulation analysis of four factors and five levels. The results show that the optimum process parameters are that the spindle speed is 400 r/min, the temperature is 400 °C, the feed rate is 0.75 mm/r and the thinning rate is 40%. The influence of process parameters on roundness error is as follows: feed rate &gt; thinning rate &gt; spindle speed &gt; temperature. The influence of process parameters on spring-back of 6061 aluminum alloy wheel hub is as follows: thinning rate &gt; feed rate &gt; temperature &gt; spindle speed. The factor that has a greater influence on the fluctuation of spring back is as follows: roller feed rate &gt; thinning rate.
Reversible Geometric Constraint Programming on Kinematic Analysis and Synthesis of Planar Linkages
Authors: Ting Kwun-Lon , Chan Cody Leeheng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel reversible approach to do the kinematic analysis and synthesis for higher-order motion. The method plots the traditional velocity and acceleration polygon in the sketch mode of commercial computer aid design (CAD) software. Based on the geometric constraint and the aid of similar triangles, the approach can synthesize the linkages with prescribed velocity and acceleration at the specified positions. The approach shows the analysis results at the same time when the synthesis process is finished, it is conceptually intuitive and does not require Euler-Savary equation and advanced computational techniques. The approach can be used as an ideal tool to teach undergraduate students about the graphical method of kinematic analysis. With a similar setting, the synthesis process can be introduced by reversible programming. This paper demonstrates the procedure by synthesizing a four-bar linkage with the prescribed velocity and acceleration of its coupler point, and extends the method to synthesize a Stephenson six-bar linkage. It is a simpler and more intuitive approach of order synthesis for planar linkages, and it may have the potential to make the analysis and synthesis of spatial linkages easier.