bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Tla Locus: A New Allele and Antigenic Specificity
Authors: Flaherty Lorraine , Sullivan Karen , Zimmerman Debra 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Four of 23 H-2 alloantisera screened for anti-TL activity contained such activity. One of these alloantisera, D-35, defined a new TL specificity, TL.5, and a new Tla allele, Tlad. TL.5 has all the characteristics of a TL antigen and has a different strain distribution than previously known ones. This new complexity at the Tla locus and the previous finding of other serologically defined genes in the Tla region indicate that this genetic region cannot be ignored in analyzing antisera produced in strains made congenic for the major histocompatibility complex.
IgE Formation in the Rat Following Infection with Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis
Authors: Urban Joseph F. , Ishizaka Teruko , Ishizaka Kimishige 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Normal rat bone marrow cells incubated with serum or lymph from Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb)-infected rats showed an increase in the proportion of IgE-bearing cells in culture. This effect was produced in a similar fashion by cell-free supernatants (CFS) from cultures of mesenteric lymph node cells obtained from Nb-infected rats. The action of CFS on bone marrow cells appeared to be specific for the generation of IgE-bearing cells since the proportion of IgM-bearing cells in the culture did not change. The IgE-bearing cells in bone marrow cell cultures consisted of small lymphocytes, blast cells, and mast cells, and the addition of CFS to the cultures predominantly increased the number of IgE-bearing blast cells. CFS was also effective in increasing the proportion of IgE-bearing small lymphocytes in cultures of normal mesenteric lymph node cells. Removal of IgE in CFS by an anti-IgE immunosorbent did not affect the ability of CFS to generate IgE-bearing cells. The factor(s) in CFS responsible for this activity was shown to migrate with serum β-globulins in zone electrophoresis and to possess a molecular size of between 104 and 2 × 104 m.w. The ability of CFS to generate IgE-bearing cells was diminished by treatment with the enzymes trypsin and ribonuclease A, but was unaffected by chymotrypsin.
Studies of the Immunoglobulin Eluted from the Glomeruli of Mice Chronically Infected with Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus
Authors: Klein Benjamin , Hill Cynthia , Hoffsten Phillip E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previous work has demonstrated that B cells in the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCM) carrier mouse do not produce anti-LCM antibody. Studies were undertaken to determine the binding specificity of immunoglobulin (Ig) eluted from kidneys of LCM-infected SWR/J mice. Kidneys from neonatally infected LCM carrier mice (5 to 7 months of age) were homogenized in 0.05 M EDTA PBS (pH 7.4), centrifuged at 12,000 × G for 10 min at 4°C and the sediment was washed three times. The sediment was eluted with citrate buffer (pH 3.2) for 90 min at 37°C, centrifuged as before, neutralized, and concentrated by vacuum dialysis. These elution conditions destroyed the binding capacity of LCM antigen in infected tissues and in commercial complement fixation LCM antigen solutions. The amount of Ig eluted was 22 to 24 µg/kidney from LCM-infected mice but less than 1 µg/kidney from uninfected mice. Eluted Ig did not bind to LCM-infected tissue although SWR/J anti-LCM antiserum subjected to the eluting conditions retained its LCM antigen-binding ability. NZB × NZW F1 hybrid kidneys eluted as above yielded similar amounts of Ig that had antinuclear binding ability. Eluted Ig did not induce complement fixation when added to LCM antigen although SWR/J anti-LCM antiserum subjected to elution conditions retained its LCM antigen complement-fixing properties. These observations indicate that Ig deposited in glomeruli of LCM carrier mice is not specific for LCM antigens and favors the position that the LCM carrier mouse is tolerant to LCM virus.
Regulation of the Immune Response to Tumor Antigens
Authors: Greene Mark I. , Fujimoto Shigeyoshi , Sehon Alec H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Immunosuppressor T cells (IST),6 capable of inhibiting the rejection of a methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma (S1509a) in A/Jax mice immune to this tumor, produced soluble factors with similar suppressive activity. The immunosuppressive factor(s) (ISF) has been shown to be immunologically specific, as demonstrated by the complete loss of suppressive activity after absorption with S1509a cells, but not with cells of an unrelated syngeneic tumor. From its behavior on gel filtration, the size of ISF was deduced to be less than 70,000 daltons. The ISF was not removed by passage through a rabbit anti-mouse F(ab′)2 reverse immunosorbent and, hence, it was concluded that ISF was not likely to be an immunoglobulin. The (immunosuppressive) activity of ISF was destroyed by treatment with Pronase, but not with RNase. The ISF was found to share the antigenic determinant(s) of the product(s) of the K end of the major histocompatibility complex of the mouse. Moreover, antibodies to ISF were induced by immunization with ISF-tumor cell complexes. Thus, IST and their factor(s) appear to play an important role in the regulation of the immune response to tumor antigens.
Lymphocyte Specificity to Protein Antigens
Authors: Corradin Giampietro , Etlinger Howard M. , Chiller Jacques M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An in vitro assay which measures antigen-induced proliferation of primed murine lymph node cells is described. The response is mediated by T cells since it can be obtained by using nylon wool-passed lymphocytes (&lt; 1% Ig+ cells) and it can be abolished by treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 and C. Furthermore, LN cells from nu/nu mice injected with antigen do not demonstrate antigen-induced proliferation in contrast to the response observed in euthymic littermate controls. Other relevant parameters of this proliferative assay include the observations that the response is highly antigen specific, can be seen as early as 4 days and as late as 60 days after in vivo priming, is restricted to the use of certain sets of LN when animals are injected subcutaneously at the base of the tail, and can be seen with LN cells from mice primed with antigen in either CFA or ICFA. The ease of the assay coupled with its specificity and quantitative dimensions provides a direct and simple method to evaluate processes involved in antigen-induced murine T lymphocyte activation.
Activation of Specific Cellular Immunity toward Murine Leukemia in Mice Rejecting Syngeneic Somatic Hybrid Cells
Authors: Liang Weitze , Cohen Edward P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
ASL-1 × LM(TK)- somatic hybrid cells form both H-2a and H-2k antigen complexes. After forming a localized tumor in syngeneic (A/J × C3H/HeJ)F1 mice, they are rejected. Such mice are resistant to otherwise invariably lethal injections of ASL-1 cells, surviving for prolonged and, in some instances, indefinite periods. To examine the basis of immunity, the capacity of spleen cells from mice rejecting hybrid cells to stimulate the release of 51Cr from labeled ASL-1 cells was investigated. Cells from the spleens of mice rejecting ASL-1 × LM(TK)- cells stimulated the release of 51Cr from labeled ASL-1 cells, but not from Ehrlich ascites or P815 cells. Cells from mice injected with mitomycin-C-treated ASL-1 cells led to the release of 51Cr from labeled ASL-1 cells as well, but the extent of 51Cr release was approximately one-third as occurred in the presence of cells from hybrid cell-injected mice. Cells from noninjected mice or from mice injected with LM(TK)- cells failed to lead to the specific release of 51Cr from ASL-1 cells. The presence of unlabeled ASL-1 cells, but not Ehrlich ascites cells, competitively inhibited the spleen cell-stimulated release of 51Cr from labeled ASL-1 cells. Sera from A/J mice injected with mitomycin-C-treated ASL-1 cells contained antibodies specific for the tumor-associated antigen of ASL-1 cells. The specific release of 51Cr from ASL-1 cells stimulated by spleen cells from hybrid-cell injected F1 mice was inhibited by such antisera, but not by H-2a antisera. Treatment of spleen cells from mice injected with hybrid cells with Thy 1.2 antiserum before incubation with 51Cr-labeled leukemic cells reduced the proportion of 51Cr released by approximately one-half. Spleen cells from animals injected with hybrid cells, as well as to a lesser extent from noninjected mice, which are capable of adhering to plastic Petri dishes were active in the cytotoxic reactions as well. Results similar to these were obtained with 51Cr-labeled RADA-1 cells, a radiation-induced leukemia of A/J mice and spleen cells from (A/J × C3H/HeJ)F1 animals injected with RADA-1 × LM(TK)- hybrid cells.
The Use of Fab Fragments of Anti-Human Immunoglobulin as Analytic Tools for Establishing the Involvement of Immunoglobulin in the Spontaneous Cytotoxicity to Cultured Tumor Cells by Lymphocytes from Patients with Bladder Carcinoma and from Healthy Donors
Authors: Troye M. , Perlmann P. , Pape G. R. , Spiegelberg H. L. , Näslund I. , Gidlöf A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effect of Fab fragments of rabbit anti-human immunoglobulin on the lysis of allogeneic cultured bladder tumor cells by lymphocytes from patients with urinary bladder carcinoma or by lymphocytes from healthy donors was assayed by 51Cr-release. Addition of Fab fragments of rabbit anti-human immunoglobulin strongly inhibited this cytotoxicity in most cases. Under the conditions used, 60 to 100% inhibition was frequently obtained with 10 to 100 µg/ml of immunoadsorbent purified Fab fragments specific either for the F(ab′)2-part or for the Fc part of human IgG. In those cases in which inhibition was incomplete, increasing the concentration of inhibitor had little or no effect. Fab fragments prepared from immunoadsorbent purified antibodies to an unrelated antigen (ovalbumin) did not inhibit cytotoxicity. Fab fragments that inhibited the spontaneous cytotoxicity against the tumor target cells did not inhibit specific cell-mediated lympholysis induced by mixed lymphocyte culture activation, a cytotoxic reaction known to be mediated by antibody-independent cytotoxic T cells. Experiments with Fab fragments specific for the four IgG subclasses suggested that antibodies of all four IgG subclasses may become involved in lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against the tumor cells.
Previous studies showed that killing of tumor cells by lymphocytes from patients with bladder carcinoma or from healthy donors is most frequently mediated by effector cells with high avidity Fc receptors for IgG but without surface-bound immunoglobulin (SIg) or high avidity receptors for sheep erythrocytes. These previous results and our findings now suggest that a large part (but not all) of the spontaneous cytotoxicity against allogeneic tumor cells is in fact induced by antibodies and thus mediated by K cells. The inducing antibodies are probably released from SIg- cells during lymphocyte-target cell incubation.
A Functional Differentiation of Human Neutrophil Granules: Generation of C5a by a Specific (Secondary) Granule Product and Inactivation of C5a by Azurophil (Primary) Granule Products
Authors: Wright Daniel G. , Gallin John I. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
During phagocytosis of latex particles human neutrophils not only release a serum activator that generates the chemotactic C5 fragment, C5a, by complement activation, but these cells also release a product that destroys the chemotactic activity of C5a. These separate neutrophil products, however, are released sequentially by neutrophils during phagocytosis with the serum activator appearing more rapidly in incubation media. Chemotactic activity is generated optimally in serum by post-phagocytic media at pH 7.2 to 7.4, whereas C5a inactivation occurs both at neutral pH and at a more acid pH, 6.2 to 6.4. Studies in which the azurophil (primary) granules and specific (secondary) granules are separated from neutrophil lysates by sucrose density centrifugation show that the serum activator is contained in specific granules whereas C5a inactivators are restricted to the azurophil granules. Gel filtration chromatography of lysates of purified granule preparations indicates that the serum activator contained in specific granules is a large molecule (m.w. greater than 150,000), and that there are at least two C5a inactivators associated with the azurophil granules, with estimated m.w.'s of 65,000 and 30,000. Isoelectric focusing of azurophil granule lysates also indicates at least two separate C5a inactivators. It is evident that mediators contained in the specific and azurophil neutrophil granules may have functionally opposing roles once released by the cells. These mediators, which effect the generation or inactivation of C5a, have different pH optima of activity and distinct kinetics of release from neutrophils and together may contribute to the self-limited amplification and localization of acute inflammatory responses.
F(ab′)2 Reagents Are not Required If Goat, Rather Than Rabbit, Antibodies Are Used to Detect Human Surface Immunoglobulin
Authors: Alexander Elaine L. , Sanders Sheila K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present report provides evidence that whole goat anti-human immunoglobulin, unlike similar reagents produced in the rabbit, binds both to the same number of and the same individual cells as the F(ab′)2 fragments of rabbit or goat anti-human immunoglobulin. These results suggest that goat IgG has a lower affinity for the Fc receptors of human lymphocytes and monocytes than rabbit IgG. Because of this property, whole goat antibodies against human immunoglobulin can be used as simple, convenient relatively inexpensive reagents for the routine detection of immunoglobulin on cell surfaces by immunofluorescence microscopy. The preparation of F(ab′)2 fragments of anti-immunoglobulin, which are necessary when rabbit antibodies are used, does not appear to be required if goat antibodies can be employed. This observation has multiple practical applications in cellular immunology.
Appearance of Cytotoxic Cells within the Bronchus after Local Infection with Herpes Simplex Virus
Authors: Clancy Robert , Rawls William E. , Jagannath Sundar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cells from rabbit spleens, bronchial washings (BW) and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissues (BALT) were examined for their ability to lyse cells infected with herpes simplex virus (HSV). Specific lysis of HSV-infected cells was mediated by BW cells as early as 4 days after intratracheal infection of the rabbits with the virus whereas lysis by spleen cells and BALT cells was not detected until 7 or more days after infection. Lysis by spleen cells was initially detected 7 days after intraperitoneal injection of the virus but lysis by BW and BALT cells was not observed until 14 days after infection. Although spleen, BW, and BALT cells could lyse antibody-coated target cells, antibodies detectable by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity could not be detected in bronchial washings until 7 or more days after infection. The data suggest that cells capable of direct cytotoxicity of virus-infected cells appear within the bronchus after local infection by the virus.
Macrophages Are Required for the Dextran-Sulfate Induced Activation of B Lymphocytes
Authors: Persson Ulla C. I. , Hammarström Lennart L. G. , Smith C. I. Edvard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The proliferative response induced by the B cell activating ligand dextran-sulfate (D×S) requires the presence of macrophage-produced factors or the macrophage-substituting compound 2-mercaptoethanol. Thus, the mechanism for activation of mouse B splenic lymphocytes is different for D×S than for other polyclonal B cell activators such as lipopolysaccharides, which can trigger B cells directly in the absence of helper factors. It is suggested that the disappearance of the D×S-induced response could be studied in a simple functional test for the efficiency of macrophage depletion obtained by different techniques.
Effect of Concanavalin A on Lymphocyte Interactions Involved in the Antibody Response to Type III Pneumococcal Polysaccharide
Authors: Markham Richard B. , Reed Norman D. , Stashak Philip W. , Prescott Benjamin , Amsbaugh Diana F. , Baker Phillip J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
When administered 2 days after immunization with 0.5 µg TypeIII pneumococcal polysaccharide (SSS-III), the T lymphocyte mitogen concanavalin A (Con A) stimulates a 2.6- to 7-fold enhancement of the plaque-forming cells (PFC) response to SSS-III in vivo. This enhancement requires the presence of amplifier T cells, which act by driving PFC or their precursors to extra rounds of proliferation. The extra proliferation that can be stimulated by Con A is not seen in the normal primary response to SSS-III; but treatment with anti-lymphocyte serum (ALS) to remove suppressor T cells will permit the additional proliferation to occur. This indicates that in the primary response to SSS-III, suppressor T cells act on amplifier T cells to limit the magnitude of the antibody response. Only suppression of B cells can account for the further suppression induced by Con A given at the time of immunization or by low-dose paralysis of the SSS-III response. The relatively late development of amplifier activity compared to suppressor activity appears to account for the absence of amplifier activity after primary immunization with SSS-III. It is apparent that one can explain the regulatory effects observed during the development of an immune response to SSS-III only by considering both T cell - B cell and T cell- T cell interactions, together with the temporal relationships involved in those interactions.
The Formation of Active Hybrid Immunoglobulins from the Heavy and Light Chains of β(1, 6) D-Galactan Binding Murine Myeloma IgA's S10 and J539
Authors: Manjula Belur N. , Mushinski Elizabeth B. , Glaudemans Cornelis P. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Murine myeloma immunoglobulin (IgA, κ) J539, which shows enhanced tryptophanyl fluorescence on ligand binding, and S10, which shows reverse-sign changes in tryptophanyl fluorescence on ligand binding (RLIF, see below), have been reduced, alkylated, and dissociated into their light (L) and heavy (H) chains. Two hybrid recombinants, H10L539 and H539L10, have been prepared and the 7S material has been isolated by chromatography. The binding behavior of these recombinants was studied with a number of ligands. Both recombinants showed activity with β(1→6) linked galactose ligands comparable to the native immunoglobulins. The ligand-induced fluorescence changes of the recombinants paralleled those of the heavy chain donor. For the recombinant H10L539, two different galactose-ligands caused fluorescence changes in opposite directions. It was quantitatively shown that binding of these ligands, nevertheless, took place in the same combining region. The idiotype of each recombinant resembled that of the heavy chain donor.
Effects of C-Reactive Protein on Platelet Function
Authors: Fiedel Barry A. , Simpson Robert M. , Gewurz Henry 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It was previously demonstrated that C-reactive protein (CRP) inhibits platelet aggregation and release reactions, activation of platelet factor 3, and platelet-dependent clot retraction. Multiple considerations including selective inhibition of secondary wave aggregation suggested that CRP exerted its inhibitory effects by interfering with the release of endogenous ADP. In the present investigation, CRP was found by direct assay to inhibit the release of endogenous ADP and/or serotonin concomitant with inhibition of platelet aggregation stimulated by ADP, epinephrine, thrombin, and AHGG. CRP did not induce an increase in the basal level of platelet cAMP, suggesting independence of a direct effect upon this mediator system. Furthermore, CRP did not inhibit the aggregation and secretion induced by the antibiotic ionophore A23187, suggesting the absence of a direct effect upon the activation of platelet contractile elements. By contrast, CRP did inhibit both thrombin-induced release of malondialdehyde, a prostaglandin endoperoxide nonprostanoate endproduct, and platelet aggregation induced by the prostaglandin endoperoxide precursor arachidonic acid. These data, therefore, raise the possibility that CRP inhibits platelet reactivities by interfering with an aspect of prostaglandin metabolism, and that this occurs subsequent to the hydrolytic accumulation of arachidonic acid and prior to the movement of calcium from the platelet dense tubules. These studies support the concept that CRP serves to modulate platelet reactivities during acute inflammatory reactions.
Synthesis and Secretion of a Mitogenic Protein by Macrophages: Description of a Superinduction Phenomenon
Authors: Unanue Emil R. , Kíely Jeanne-Marie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have examined the biosynthesis and fate of the mitogenic protein (MP)2 made by macrophages. This mitogenic protein was assayed by its stimulation of DNA synthesis of thymocytes. Macrophages freshly harvested from the peritoneal cavity did not contain MP in the cell. The MP, however, rapidly appeared in the cell, reaching maximum amount by 1 to 2 hr, maintaining its concentration up to about 6 hr, and then disappearing. The disappearance of MP did not correlate with its secretion into the medium. The elaboration of MP stimulated by contact with the dish was inhibited by cycloheximide.
Exposure of the cells to inhibitors of protein synthesis after 1 to 2 hr of culture at a time when the MP was already made produced a striking increase in secretion. The MP inside the cell did not appear to decay in the presence of cycloheximide. This result thus represents another example of superinduction. The intracellular fate of MP appears to be under the regulation of a control protein.
Purification of an Acidic Nuclear Protein Antigen and Demonstration of its Antibodies in Subsets of Patients with Sicca Syndrome
Authors: Akizuki Masashi , Boehm-Truitt Marilyn J. , Kassan Stuart S. , Steinberg Alfred D. , Chused Thomas M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Ha, a soluble nuclear protein, was purified from calf thymus nuclear extract by successive application of fractional ammonium sulfate precipitation (60 to 80% saturation), DEAE-Sephadex chromatography (eluted between 0.26 and 0.38 M NaCl in 0.05 M Tris HCl buffer, pH 7.2), and affinity chromatography utilizing an immunoabsorbent column of Sepharose coupled to IgG from a patient with a high titer of antibody to Ha. The Ha antigen could be iodinated by the method of Bolton and Hunter but not by the chloramine-T or lactoperoxidase methods indicating the absence of tyrosine and histidine. The iodinated material was passed through a Sephadex G-100 column to remove minor contaminants. The final product migrated as a single band in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 125I-Ha antigen was utilized to measure specific antibody by the ammonium sulfate method. Elevated serum-binding capacity was observed in 73% of patients with sicca syndrome in the absence of another connective tissue disease and 85% of patients with sicca syndrome associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. It was infrequent in sicca syndrome associated with rheumatoid arthritis (6%) and in systemic lupus erythematosus without sicca syndrome (3%). Anti-Ha antibodies were not found in patients with other connective tissue diseases or normal controls. Antibody to Ha characterizes a subset of patients with sicca syndrome.