bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data interplay: A model to optimize data usage in the Internet of Things
Authors: Andrade Leandro , De Santana Cleber Jorge Lira , Alencar Brenno De Mello , Silva Claudio Jr. , Prazeres Cássio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) has been playing an important role in the technology scenario due to its high potential and impact on different society segments. Estimates suggest a trend for an increase in the number of IoT devices connected to the Internet for the next few years. Hence, the volume of data produced by IoT devices will follow this growth perspective, and there will be a demand for systems that can process, store, and promote access to large amounts of data. The data collected from sensors in typical IoT systems is stored and processed in cloud servers. However, some IoT solutions use edge devices to perform specific actions, such as processing, storage, and access, using only local infrastructure for low latency requirements. Fog computing has been used to improve IoT solutions and to transfer some of the complexity from the cloud to the edge of the network, that is, closer to devices, applications and users, working as a kind of “local and private cloud.” The cooperation of devices and applications between edge and cloud creates a need for an interplay to enable data flow among the layers of IoT systems deployed on edge and in the cloud. Thus, IoT data systems should support the data life cycle through its collection, analysis, and use. Performance efficiency is a quality factor of systems and software engineering, which measures “performance relative to the number of resources used under stated conditions.” In particular, in IoT systems that involve a large volume of data, the performance efficiency of data interplay is a relevant requirement. This work proposes a data interplay model of IoT to define and deploy the IoT data life cycle in the collection, analytics, and data use stages. This data interplay proposal aims to improve performance efficiency in IoT data life cycle operations: collection, analytics, and use among devices and applications in edge and cloud infrastructures.
Improved flame retardancy and ceramifiable properties of PE composites by the combination of aluminum hypophosphite and zinc borate
Authors: Qian Chihui , Sun Qing , Zhang Jian , Sheng Jiawei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCeramifiable polyolefin materials protect circuits by forming compact ceramic layers under fire conditions, and can have an excellent application prospect in the refractory cable field. In this paper, Aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) and zinc borate (ZB) were added to further improve flame retardancy and ceramifiable properties of polyethylene (PE)/silicon powder (SP)/wollastonite (WS)/glass frits (GF) composites. The LOI values of composites with AHP/ZB can reach 23.5%, significantly higher than that of PE/SP/WS/GF composites (19.6%). The thermal stability behavior and char yield behaviors of composites could also be characterized by the TG test. The incorporation of AHP/ZB enhances the flexural strength of residue formed at 1000°C from 0.1 to 20.5 MPa. In addition, a new crystal is formed at high temperatures and is identified as the calcium aluminum phosphate phase [CAP, Ca9Al (PO4)7] by XRD analysis. The flow of molten ZB accelerates the reaction of AHP and WS, and this eutectic reaction promotes the formation and stability of ceramics. Furthermore, the SEM analysis reveals the fluxing effect of ZB at low temperatures and AHP at high temperatures. The incorporation of AHP/ZB with a ratio of 1:1 could effectively avoid the vitrification of ceramics and improve their dimensional stability.
Soviet and Russian perspectives on geoengineering and climate management
Authors: Oldfield Jonathan D. , Poberezhskaya Marianna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSoviet science contributed significantly to our understanding of anthropogenic climate change and, as part of this, played a central role in the emerging science underpinning climate modification and geoengineering initiatives. A key focus of discussion was the use of stratospheric aerosols linked to the innovative ideas of Mikhail Budyko and colleagues. This work had its origins in what has been termed the theory of aerosol climatic catastrophe, which gained prominence in the Soviet context during the early 1970s. Following the breakup of the Soviet Union, the ideas of Budyko concerning the use of stratospheric aerosols were advanced by Yuri Izrael and his collaborators. The associated body of work gained traction during the 2000s and engendered a wider debate concerning the efficacy of geoengineering solutions amongst Russia's climate scientists. The legacies of this scientific discussion are also evident in recent high‐level international debates such as those linked to the activities of the IPCC. While significant geopolitical obstacles remain in the way of an international agreement linked to the possible deployment of geoengineering measures, interest continues to grow. The maturity of Russian science in the area of geoengineering and climate modification ensures that it remains an important voice within the broader scientific debate. At the same time, the progressive isolation of Russian science from the international scene due to wider geopolitical events risks deflecting attention away from contemporary popular and political debate in this area and alienating this rich scientific tradition at a critical juncture.This article is categorized under:
Climate, History, Society, Culture > Ideas and Knowledge
Climate, History, Society, Culture > Disciplinary Perspectives
Climate, History, Society, Culture > Technological Aspects and Ideas
Rapid Quantification of NaDCC for Water Purification Tablets in Commercial Production Using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy Based on Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Asadi Hamzeh , O’Mahony Tom , Lambert Julie , Brown Kenneth N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAccurate, fast and simple quantitative analysis of solid dosage forms is required for efficient pharmaceutical manufacturing. A spectroscopic analysis in ATR-FTIR (Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared) mode was developed for NaDCC (Sodium dichloroisocyanurate) quantification. This fast and low-cost method can be used to quantify NaDCC solid dosage forms using ATR-FTIR in absorbance mode in conjunction with partial least squares. A simple sampling procedure is included in the proposed experiment by just dissolving the samples in deionized water. An algorithm pipeline is also included for data cleaning, such as outlier removal, scatter correction, scaling, and mapping of the sample’s spectrum to a NaDCC concentration. In addition, a simple model based on Beer’s law was evaluated on a sub-range of$$1220{-}1830\,\text {cm}^{-1}$$. Furthermore, a variable selection algorithm shows minimum excipient interference from the sample matrix in addition to visual analysis. A statistical analysis of the proposed method shows that it demonstrates a promising result with a regression coefficient of 0.996 ($$R^2=0.996$$) and recovery range of 95.5%–107%. As a result of the positive correlation of ATR-FTIR with NaDCC concentration, and in conjunction with the proposed method, this can serve as a clean, fast, affordable and eco-friendly method for pharmaceutical analysis.
Going beyond the “common suspects”: to be presumed innocent in the era of algorithms, big data and artificial intelligence
Authors: Sachoulidou Athina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article explores the trend of increasing automation in law enforcement and criminal justice settings through three use cases: predictive policing, machine evidence and recidivism algorithms. The focus lies on artificial-intelligence-driven tools and technologies employed, whether at pre-investigation stages or within criminal proceedings, in order to decode human behaviour and facilitate decision-making as to whom to investigate, arrest, prosecute, and eventually punish. In this context, this article first underlines the existence of a persistent dilemma between the goal of increasing the operational efficiency of police and judicial authorities and that of safeguarding fundamental rights of the affected individuals. Subsequently, it shifts the focus onto key principles of criminal procedure and the presumption of innocence in particular. Using Article 6 ECHR and the Directive (EU) 2016/343 as a starting point, it discusses challenges relating to the protective scope of presumption of innocence, the burden of proof rule and thein dubio pro reoprinciple as core elements of it. Given the transformations law enforcement and criminal proceedings go through in the era of algorithms, big data and artificial intelligence, this article advocates the adoption of specific procedural safeguards that will uphold rule of law requirements, and particularly transparency, fairness and explainability. In doing so, it also takes into account EU legislative initiatives, including the reform of the EU data protectionacquis, the E-evidence Proposal, and the Proposal for an EU AI Act. Additionally, it argues in favour of revisiting the protective scope of key fundamental rights, considering,inter alia, the new dimensions suspicion has acquired.
Microsatellites and mitochondrial evidence of multiple introductions of the invasive raccoon Procyon lotor in France
Authors: Larroque Jérémy , Chevret Pascale , Berger Juliette , Ruette Sandrine , Adriaens Tim , Van Den Berge Koen , Schockert Vinciane , Léger François , Veron Géraldine , Kaerle Cécile , Régis Corinne , Gautrelet Manon , Maillard Jean-François , Devillard Sébastien 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRaccoons (Procyon lotor) are worldwide invaders, due to deliberate or accidental releases, and their impacts exceed hundred of billions of Euros in Europe only. In France, raccoons have currently established three separate, expanding populations. Identifying the current spatial genetic structure, dispersal events and phylogeography of these populations is needed to infer the invasion history and identify management units. We used wild and captive individuals sampled in France and Belgium to characterize the genetic diversity and current population genetic structure of French raccoon populations and identify potential genetic connectivity with the Belgium population using both mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite loci. Results confirm that French populations are the result of at least three independent introductions. While the three populations display low genetic diversity and sign of recent bottleneck, they are still expanding, suggesting that in addition to their ecological plasticity, the remaining genetic diversity is sufficient to successfully adapt to their new environment and allow a quick colonization. Particular attention must be given to the North-Eastern population, which shows genetic admixture with the Belgium population, as admixed individuals may exhibit hybrid vigor facilitating their expansion. The comparison of captive and wild individuals did not allow to identify a potential captive origin of the wild populations. The current regulation in France allowing captivity in zoos without enforcement to tighten the biosecurity of detention facilities might dampen any management measure as few introduced founders might be enough to create new populations.
Addressing unavoidable climate change loss and damage: A case study from Fiji’s sugar industry
Authors: Nand Moleen Monita , Bardsley Douglas K. , Suh Jungho 
Published: February 2023

AbstractClimate change loss and damage (L&D) presents an existential threat to the Fiji Islands. This case study examines how rural Indo-Fijian sugarcane farming communities face challenges in minimising, averting, and addressing L&D from cyclones. In-depth semi-structured interviews (n = 68) were conducted with 40 sugarcane farmers in two Indo-Fijian sugarcane communities, Barotu and Toko settlements in Western Viti Levu, Fiji, and with 28 key stakeholders from government ministries, academia, and climate change response services. Despite implementing climate change adaptation measures, Fiji’s sugar industry has faced devastating L&D from frequent and severe cyclones. Much of the climate change L&D to crops, property, and income was irreversible and unavoidable. Non-economic loss and damage (NELD) was found insurmountable in both field sites, including the loss of homes and places of worship, cascading and flow-on effects as well as the heightening of uncertainty, fear, and trauma. Evidence suggests that L&D, including NELD, is highly context specific, and UNFCCC’s broad NELD categories do not fully capture L&D at the local level. The systematic documentation of L&D within vulnerable communities would improve understanding of L&D, including NELD, and assist to facilitate the mobilisation of immediate support and action to address L&D in countries that lack the capacities to respond independently. This paper recommends crucial policy interventions such as livelihood diversification, integration of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation, land tenure policy reforms, and the operationalisation of the Santiago Network for Loss and Damage.
The Impact of Policy Interventions on Systemic Risk across Banks
Authors: Nistor Simona , Ongena Steven 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhat is the impact of policy interventions on the systemic risk of banks? To answer this question, we analyze a comprehensive sample that combines an original set of bank-specific bailout events with the balance sheets of key affected and nonaffected European banks between 2005 and 2014. We find a positive and significant association ofguaranteeswith systemic risk that is somewhat weaker in the long run when the regulator appoints members to the supervisory board. The short run association betweenrecapitalizationsand systemic risk is also positive for large and less capitalized banks, while in the long run, recapitalizations are linked with reduced systemic importance, especially for less profitable banks and in cases when the regulator limits management pay.Liquidity injectionsare positively linked with systemic risk, but the long-run effect is mitigated for small or better capitalized banks. In the short run, injecting liquidity is associated with reduced systemic risk when the regulator imposes restrictions on supervisory board composition or on management pay or capital payouts.
A novel mechanistic approach for the anti-fibrotic potential of rupatadine in rat liver via amendment of PAF/NF-ĸB p65/TGF-β1 and hedgehog/HIF-1α/VEGF trajectories
Authors: Didamoony Manar A. , Atwa Ahmed M. , Ahmed Lamiaa A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHepatic fibrosis is one of the major worldwide health concerns which requires tremendous research due to the limited outcomes of the current therapies. The present study was designed to assess, for the first time, the potential therapeutic effect of rupatadine (RUP) in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver fibrosis and to explore its possible mechanistic actions. For the induction of hepatic fibrosis, rats were treated with DEN (100 mg/kg, i.p.) once weekly for 6 consecutive weeks, and on the 6th week, RUP (4 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was administered for 4 weeks. Treatment with RUP ameliorated changes in body weights, liver indices, liver function enzymes, and histopathological alterations induced by DEN. Besides, RUP amended oxidative stress, which led to the inhibition of PAF/NF-κB p65-induced inflammation, and, subsequently, prevention of TGF-β1 elevation and HSCs activation as indicated by reduced α-SMA expression and collagen deposition. Moreover, RUP exerted significant anti-fibrotic and anti-angiogenic effects by suppressing Hh and HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathways. Our results highlight, for the first time, a promising anti-fibrotic potential of RUP in rat liver. The molecular mechanisms underlying this effect involve the attenuation of PAF/NF-κB p65/TGF-β1 and Hh pathways and, subsequently, the pathological angiogenesis (HIF-1α/VEGF).
Graphical abstract
Does Meta-induction Justify Induction: Or Maybe Something Else?
Authors: Pitts J. Brian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAccording to the Feigl–Reichenbach–Salmon–Schurz pragmatic justification of induction, no predictive method is guaranteed or even likely to work for predicting the future; but if anything will work, induction will work—at least when induction is employed at the meta-level of predictive methods in light of their track records. One entertains a priori all manner of esoteric prediction methods, and is said to arrive a posteriori at the conclusion, based on the actual past, that object-level induction is optimal. Schurz’s refinements largely solve the notorious short-run problem. A difficulty is noted, however, related to short-run worries but based on localized disagreement about the past, a feature characteristic of real debates (especially early modern) involving induction in intellectual history. Given the evidence about past events, unfiltered by induction, meta-induction might support a partly non-inductive method—especially as judged by proponents of esoteric prediction methods, who presumably believe that their methods have worked. Thus induction is justified meta-inductively in contexts where it was uncontroversial, while not obviously justified in key contexts where it has been disputed. This objection, momentarily sensed by Reichenbach regarding clairvoyance, is borne out by the Stoics’ use of meta-induction to justify both science and divination and by ancient Hebrew examples of meta-induction. Schurz’s recently introduced criteria for acceptance of testimony play a crucial role in arriving at object-level induction using meta-induction, but one might question them. Given the need for judgment in accepting testimony, it is unclear that the subjectivity of Howson’s Bayesian answer to Hume’s problem is overcome.
Formal Epistemology Meets Mechanism Design
Authors: Landes Jürgen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article connects recent work in formal epistemology to work in economics and computer science. Analysing the Dutch Book Arguments, Epistemic Utility Theory and Objective Bayesian Epistemology we discover that formal epistemologists employ the same argument structure as economists and computer scientists. Since similar approaches often have similar problems and have shared solutions, opportunities for cross-fertilisation abound.
Investigating the effect of intelligent assistance systems on motivational work characteristics in assembly
Authors: Walczok Marvin , Bipp Tanja 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntelligent assistance systems (IAS) are designed to counteract rising cognitive demands caused by increasingly individualized manufacturing processes in assembly. How IAS affect work characteristics which are crucial for promoting work motivation of employees is yet unclear. Based on the cyber-physical systems transformation framework, the model of routine-biased technological change, and a comprehensive model of work design, we expected in- and decreases in motivational work characteristics (MWC) when working with IAS. Furthermore, we posited a buffering effect of the option of voluntary use on decreasing knowledge characteristics. Applying an online case study with experimental vignette methodology (EVM) allowed us to identify effects of the IAS on MWC before it is widely implemented. 203 German and British blue-collar workers evaluated an assembly workplace according to three experimental conditions (work without IAS, work with IAS, work with voluntary use of IAS). We identified enhanced feedback from the job and information processing in work with IAS in contrast to a traditional assembly workplace but found no restrictions (or elevations) in terms of other task (i.e., autonomy) or knowledge characteristics (i.e., job complexity, problem solving, specialization, skill variety). Thus, our results indicate that the IAS improves some motivational work characteristics of the assembly workplace, although it misses the primary goal of cognitive relief. Our study highlights the need for work design theories that specify the effect of IAS on motivational work characteristics and the potential benefit of IAS in assembly of the future.
A Cyber-Physical System for Integrated Remote Control and Protection of Smart grid Critical Infrastructures
Authors: Isern Juan , Jimenez-Perera Gabriel , Medina-Valdes Luis , Chaves Pablo , Pampliega David , Ramos Francisco , Barranco Francisco 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis work proposes a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) for protecting smart electric grid critical infrastructures using video surveillance while remotely monitoring them. Due to the critical nature of the smart grid, it is necessary to guarantee an adequate level of safety, security and reliability. Thus, this CPS is back-boned by a Time-Sensitive Network solution providing concurrent support for smart video surveillance and smart grid control over a single communication infrastructure. To this end, TSN delivers high-bandwidth communication for video surveillance and deterministic quality of service, latency and bandwidth guarantees, required by the time-critical revision smart grid control. On the one hand, the CPS utilizes High-availability Seamless Redundancy in the control subsystem via Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) guaranteeing seamless failover against failures in smart grid. On the other hand, the smart video surveillance subsystem applies machine learning to monitor secured perimeters and detect people around the smart grid critical infrastructure. Moreover, it is also able to directly interoperate with RTUs to send alarms in case of for example, an intrusion. The work evaluates the accuracy and performance of the detection using common metrics in surveillance field. An integrated monitoring dashboard has also been developed in which all CPS information is available in real time.
Does privacy and ease of use influence user trust in digital banking applications in Spain and Portugal?
Authors: Martínez-Navalón Juan-Gabriel , Fernández-Fernández María , Alberto Fernanda Pedrosa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe growth of technology in recent years and the increased use of digital platforms has boosted e-commerce, where digital banking stands out in this research. The present study aims to analyze the impact of the variables privacy, ease of use and trust in digital banking. In addition, it studies whether this impact is affected by the nationality of the users. The study was conducted through a literature review and the dissemination of an online questionnaire using PLS software. The analysis validated the measurement scale and analyzed the structural model at different stages, which confirmed its validity and reliability. The research concludes that privacy positively influences trust and perceived ease of use by users. Moreover, it confirms that the higher the perceived ease of use, the higher the consumer trust. However, the research does not show significant results to support that the difference in nationality positively and directly influences the sense of trust, privacy and ease of use of the surveyed users.