bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting and treating the protean manifestations of diabetic autonomic neuropathy
Authors: Bell David S. H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe manifestations of diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) are protean and clinically involve multiple systems, including the cardiovascular system, the gastrointestinal system, the genitourinary system as well as the sweat glands (sudomotor dysfunction) and the gallbladder. In addition, cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is associated with a correctible inability to appreciate and correct hypoglycaemia. While not a clinical problem, pupillary involvement should be the clue and the catalyst to investigate for other manifestations of DAN. This review outlines a practical approach to detecting and investigating the manifestations of DAN. Of particular importance is early detection of cardiovascular involvement where prompt therapy through glycaemic control can decrease the severity of CAN and decelerate the frequency and severity of retinopathy and nephropathy in addition to decreasing cardiovascular events and mortality. CAN also plays a role in accelerating other diabetic complications such as acute ischaemic stroke, heart failure, medial artery calcinosis, foot ulcers, peripheral artery disease and Charcot joints. Many therapies of DAN are available, which should not only decrease morbidity and mortality from DAN, but also improve the patient's quality of life. However, the therapies available are largely symptomatic.
Comparative clinical efficacy and safety of insulin glargine 300 U/ml (Toujeo) versus insulin glargine 100 U/ml in type 2 diabetes and type 1 diabetes: A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Joshi Shashank R. , Singh Gursharan , Marwah Ashwani , Mittra Shivani , Suvarna Viraj R. , Athalye Sandeep N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimTo compare the clinical efficacy and safety of glargine‐U100 (Lantus/Gla‐100) with glargine‐U300 (Toujeo/Gla‐300) in adult patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and type 1 diabetes (T1D).Materials and MethodsA literature search on Gla‐300/Gla‐100 in diabetes management was conducted using the MEDLINE/Embase/Cochrane databases from inception to 10 January 2021. Eligible studies considered for inclusion were parallel‐design, randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. The random‐effects model was applied for interpretation of the results.ResultsOf 5348 records screened, 592 were assessed for eligibility and 15 RCTs were considered for data extraction and meta‐analysis (T2D [N = 10; n = 7082]; T1D [N = 5; n = 2222]). In patients with T1D, all safety parameters were comparable between Gla‐100 and Gla‐300. In T2D, statistically significant differences were observed in favour of Gla‐300 over Gla‐100 for nocturnal and total hypoglycaemia. For efficacy parameters, a statistically and clinically significant difference favouring Gla‐100 in basal insulin dose requirement was observed for both T2D and T1D. Change in HbA1c showed a statistically but not clinically significant reduction with Gla‐100 compared with Gla‐300 in T1D. Statistically significant but clinically less relevant differences favoured Gla‐300 for control of body weight in T1D and T2D and Gla‐100 for fasting blood glucose in T2D.ConclusionsGla‐100 and Gla‐300 had comparable efficacy and safety profiles in both T1D and T2D populations. Gla‐300 showed a lower risk of nocturnal and total hypoglycaemia, significant in insulin‐experienced/exposed patients with T2D. Patients on Gla‐300 required significantly more units of insulin daily than the Gla‐100 group to achieve equivalent efficacy.
First report of Leveillula clavata causing powdery mildew on Euphorbia leucocephala from India
Authors: Wagh Sujit Hanumant , Kanade Mahadev Bhimappa , Thite Sachin Vasantrao , Braun Uwe , Correia Kamila Câmara , Mora‐Romero Guadalupe Arlene , Tovar‐Pedraza Juan Manuel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn December 2020, Euphorbia leucocephala plants exhibiting symptoms of powdery mildew were observed in the Botanical Garden of Tuljaram Chaturchand College, Baramati, Maharashtra, India. Based on morphological identification, DNA sequence analysis, and pathogenicity, the fungal pathogen of the disease was identified as Leveillula clavata. This is the first report of L. clavata on Euphorbia leucocephala from India and in general.
Fairness, partner choice, and punishment: An ethnographic study of cooperative behavior among children in Helsinki, Finland
Authors: Sequeira Maija‐Eliina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article draws upon ethnographic fieldwork among children in Helsinki, Finland, to determine how cooperative behaviors unfold in their everyday lives. Two concepts—fairness and partner choice—emerged as particularly relevant, and related behaviors were examined in the context of ongoing debates regarding cooperation in human societies. Children consistently invoked fairness as an important moral value, and they showed evidence of undergoing a developmental shift from equality‐based to equity‐based fairness by around seven years old. Children mediated disagreements primarily through partner choice strategies (avoidance and disengagement) rather than partner conflict (punishment). Local social values and child‐rearing practices that promote personal autonomy and independence make punishment undesirable and rare in this context. The observed aversion to punishment in Helsinki differs from typical characterizations of so‐called WEIRD societies and demonstrates the value that nuanced ethnographic studies in diverse societies can bring to understandings of human cooperation.
“I never told my family I was grieving for my mom”: The not‐disclosing‐grief experiences of parentally bereaved adolescents and young adults in Chinese families
Authors: Li Yunjun , Chan Wallace Chi Ho , Marrable Tish 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn bereavement literature, the significance of open communication within the family is often highlighted. However, in recent years, scholars have noticed the complexity of grief communication in the family, especially challenges and obstacles to sharing grief. Our study seeks to contribute to the research by offering a deeper understanding of the grief‐sharing experiences of parentally bereaved adolescents and young adults from China, a family‐centered society with strong traditions of treating bereavement and grief as taboo. We used a narrative approach to analyze 82 interviews with 44 participants. We found that almost all the participants, regardless of their gender, parent's gender, cause of death, or time since loss, indicated that they never shared grief with other family members. Specifically, three themes emerged from the analysis. “Holding back tears during the funeral” reflects participants' struggle to protect the family (especially the surviving parent) through hiding their grief during the family crisis. “Pretending no grief at all after loss” shows how participants intentionally avoided any grief conversations within the family to not trigger others' grief. In addition, “Keeping grief secret as a family rule” indicates how Chinese families powerfully guided and influenced participants in avoiding the open expression of their grief. Our findings have drawn attention to the not‐disclosing‐grief experiences of bereaved adolescents and young adults in the Chinese context and the role of the family in it, therefore, calling for further support for bereaved young people, either within the family or through professional services.
A moderate differential effect of organic and conventional agriculture across taxonomic groups inhabiting farmland ponds
Authors: Almeida Rafaela A. , Lemmens Pieter , Cours Marie , Denys Luc , Adriaens Dries , Packet Jo , Venderickx Jeroen , Vercauteren Thierry , Parmentier Koen , Knockaert Marc , Martens Koen , De Meester Luc 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Organic agriculture is increasingly promoted as a more environmentally friendly alternative to conventional agriculture, as it restricts the use of fertilisers and synthetic pesticides. However, the impact of both farming systems on aquatic biodiversity is strongly debated. Ponds are abundant in agricultural landscapes and strongly contribute to biodiversity. They also respond strongly to land use on a very local scale. The present study assessed the effects of conventional and organic agriculture on the taxonomic diversity of multiple groups of aquatic organisms at local and regional spatial scales.

We conducted a broad scale field survey to quantify the differential impact of conventional and organic agriculture on local environmental conditions in ponds, on community composition and on local, among site and regional diversity of macrophytes, cladoceran zooplankton and selected macroinvertebrates in Belgian farmland ponds (Flanders).

We observed that organic agriculture was moderately positively associated with higher local species richness for shoreline vegetation, but not for other organism groups. Only minor differences were observed for among‐pond variation, and these were mostly related to rare species of cladocerans and heteropterans. At the regional scale, ponds in organic showed higher species richness than in conventional farmland for shoreline vegetation, emergent vegetation, and cladoceran zooplankton, but lower for coleopterans and gastropods. There was no significant effect of agricultural type on water quality.

We conclude that organic farming is associated with moderate positive effects on pond biodiversity and regional species richness of plants and zooplankton. We observed no systematic differences between the two types of agriculture in local environmental conditions in ponds. The absence of large differences in biodiversity and water quality between ponds located in organic and conventional farmland might be related to the dominance of intensive conventional farming in our study region and the history of conventional farming around ponds that are now surrounded by organic farming. Future studies should include other factors such as the structure of the landscape and the role of natural elements such as buffer strips surrounding the ponds.
Associations between frailty status, work‐related accidents and efforts for safe work among older workers in Tokyo: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Abe Takumi , Fujita Koji , Sagara Tomoya , Ishibashi Tomoaki , Morishita Kumi , Murayama Hiroshi , Sakurai Ryota , Osuka Yosuke , Watanabe Shuichiro , Fujiwara Yoshinori 
Published: February 2023

AimWorking in old age not only solves the labor shortage in Japan, but also benefits the health of the older workers; however, work‐related accidents are a major concern. Functional impairment is an important factor in such accidents. The first aim was to examine the association between frailty status and work‐related accidents, and the second aim was to identify those who utilize the opportunity to learn about safe work.MethodsThe participants were 7265 members of the Silver Human Resource Center in Tokyo, engaged in non‐regular and indeterminate paid work. The frailty status (robust, pre‐frail and frail) was assessed using the frailty screening index. We obtained data on self‐reported work‐related accidents that occurred in the past year, and the experience of participation in workshops and reading brochures for safe work. Modified Poisson regression analysis was carried out to calculate the prevalence ratio.ResultsThe prevalence of robust, pre‐frailty and frailty were 26.3%, 63.3% and 10.4%, respectively. The percentage of participants who reported work‐related accidents was 9.4%. Relative to robust participants, pre‐frail and frail participants showed 1.57‐fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28–1.93) and 2.31‐fold (95% CI 1.79–2.98) higher prevalence ratios of work‐related accidents, respectively. The prevalence ratio in pre‐frail and frail participants were 1.08 (95% CI 1.04–1.11) and 1.14 (95% CI 1.09–1.20), respectively, for non‐participation in workshops, and 1.17 (95% CI 1.06–1.29) and 1.39 (95% CI 1.20–1.61), respectively, for not reading brochures.ConclusionsThese findings suggest the importance of support for older workers with functional impairment, as well as those without to continue to work safely. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 234–238.
Headache characteristics to screen for cervicocerebral artery dissection in patients with acute onset unusual headache
Authors: Hashimoto Yukishige , Matsushige Toshinori , Kawano Reo , Yoshiyama Michitsura , Hara Takeshi , Kobayashi Shohei , Ono Chiaki , Sakamoto Shigeyuki , Horie Nobutaka 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this preplanned primary analysis was to investigate the clinical manifestations of headache to screen for CAD patients with acute onset headache only.BackgroundSpontaneous cervicocerebral artery dissection (CAD) with acute onset headache is not rare in clinical practice; however, it is underdiagnosed. On the other hand, subsequent infarction or subarachnoid hemorrhage mainly occurs within 1 week of headache onset.MethodsBetween April 2017 and January 2022, we conducted a single‐center, cross‐sectional retrospective study on 197 consecutive referred patients from neurosurgical outpatient clinics with acute onset unusual headache (stronger or longer headache than usual). All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging to screen for secondary headache and were diagnosed based on the diagnostic protocol. We examined patient background data and the following headache characteristics: distribution, condition at the onset of headache, accompanying vomiting or nausea, worsening headache, and analgesic effects against headache. These factors were analyzed to identify independent diagnostic predictors of CAD. In this study, the rate of missing data was 41% for improvement of headache by analgesia and multiple imputation by chained equations was performed.ResultsA total of 93 patients (46 men and 47 women; mean age: 48 years, range: 25–73 years) were diagnosed with CAD. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed CAD was associated with current smoking, systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg, unilateral headache, worsening headache, and no headache improvement by analgesia. Unilateral, worsening headache and no headache improvement by analgesia remained independent diagnostic predictors in multivariable logistic regression after multiple imputation. No headache improvement by analgesia had the highest sensitivity (86%), while worsening headache had the highest specificity (84%).ConclusionsCAD needs to be considered in patients with unilateral, worsening headache and no headache improvement by analgesia.
Depression and anxiety in women with idiopathic intracranial hypertension compared to migraine: A matched controlled cohort study
Authors: Mollan Susan P. , Subramanian Anuradhaa , Perrins Mary , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Adderley Nicola J. , Sinclair Alexandra J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate mental health burden in women with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) compared to matched women with migraine and population controls.BackgroundDepression and anxiety are recognized comorbid conditions in those with IIH and lead to worse predicted medical outcomes. The mental health burden in IIH has not been previously evaluated in a large, matched cohort study.MethodsWe performed a population‐based matched, retrospective cohort study to explore mental health outcomes (depression and anxiety). We used data from IQVIA Medical Research Data, an anonymized, nationally representative primary care electronic medical records database in the United Kingdom, from January 1, 1995, to September 25, 2019. Women aged ≥16 years were eligible for inclusion. Women with IIH (exposure) were matched by age and body mass index with up to 10 control women without IIH but with migraine (migraine controls), and without IIH or migraine (population controls).ResultsA total of 3411 women with IIH, 30,879 migraine controls and 33,495 population controls were included. Of these, 237, 2372 and 1695 women with IIH, migraine controls and population controls, respectively, developed depression during follow‐up, and 179, 1826 and 1197, respectively, developed anxiety. There was a greater hazard of depression and anxiety in IIH compared to population controls (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20–1.58; and aHR 1.40, 95% CI 1.19–1.64, respectively), while hazards were similar to migraine controls (aHR 0.98, 95% CI 0.86–1.13; and aHR 0.98, 95% CI 0.83–1.14, respectively).ConclusionDepression and anxiety burden in women with IIH is higher than in the general population, and comparable to that in matched women with migraine. This may indicate that presence of headache is a potential driver for comorbid depression and anxiety in IIH.
Primary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the liver: a clinicopathological and genetic study including a subset with ETV6::NTRK3 fusion
Authors: Han Qianqian , Zhang Zhang , He Xin , Chen Min , Pang Xiaojun , Chen Chen , Du Tianhai , Zhang Hongying 
Published: February 2023

AimsInflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) is an intermediate neoplasm and rarely occurs in the liver. The aim of this study was to analyse the clinicopathological and genetic features of the largest primary hepatic IMT.Methods and resultsA total of 10 cases were identified (four males and six females aged 1–48 years, median = 35 years) from 2011 to 2021, which accounted for 2.5% of IMTs occurring in all organ systems. Histological findings revealed that myofibroblastic/fibroblastic cells with inflammatory infiltration and focal hypocellularity were observed in three children. Immunostaining showed ALK‐diffuse cytoplasmic positive in six cases (six of 10; 60%) and pan‐TRK nuclear positive in three cases (three of 10; 30%). Hypercellular pattern was detected in ALK‐positive IMTs and obvious collagenous/myxoid matrix was observed in the pan‐TRK‐positive subgroup. ALK rearrangement was demonstrated in three of five interpretable ALK‐positive IMTs by fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation (FISH), and one case failed due to poor sample quality. Next‐generation sequencing indicated an IMT with TFG::ALK and FCHSD2::ALK fusion and TP53 mutation. ETV6::NTRK3 fusion was confirmed by RT‐PCR, but FISH‐negative results were found in two of three cases with pan‐TRK‐positive IMTs. No genetic alteration was detected in one tumour. One patient died 1 year after biopsy, while nine patients survived without evidence of disease in the follow‐up surveillance (17–119 months).ConclusionsThis article describes the first example of primary paediatric hepatic IMTs with ETV6::NTRK3 fusion. Besides the common ALK‐positive subgroup, the proportion of NTRK3 fusion is high. Recognising the association between clinicopathological and molecular alterations is critical to accurate diagnosis of hepatic IMTs.
Correlation of the surface expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor with the presence of CRLF2 gene rearrangements in children with B‐lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Demina Irina , Zerkalenkova Elena , Soldatkina Olga , Kazakova Anna , Semchenkova Alexandra , Goncharova Maria , Novichkova Galina , Maschan Michael , Karachunskiy Alexander , Olshanskaya Yulia , Popov Alexander 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn this study, we aimed to compare the immunophenotype of tumor cells in children with B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP‐ALL) harboring rearrangements of the CRLF2 gene with that in children without such aberrations with a specific focus on the surface expression of the related protein thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor (TSLPR).MethodsWe examined bone marrow samples from 46 patients with primary BCP‐ALL who had CRLF2 rearrangements detected by FISH (CRLF2(+) cohort). A total of 140 consecutive patients with intact CRLF2 were included in a control CRLF2(−) cohort. TSLPR expression was studied by flow cytometry.ResultsThe majority of CRLF2(+) patients were conventionally positive (≥20% positive cells) for TSLPR (33 of 46, 71.7%). Among the remaining children in this group, two were completely TSLPR‐negative, seven had less than 10% TSLPR‐positive cells, and four had between 10% and 20% TSLPR‐positive cells. By contrast, the majority of CRLF2(−) patients had no TSLPR‐positive cells (119 of 140, 85.0%), while in 15 cases (10.7%), the percentage of TSLPR‐positive cells was below 10%, and in six cases (4.3%), it was between 10% and 20%. Receiver operator characteristic analysis revealed a threshold of only 1.6% TSLPR‐positive cells for the effective prediction of the presence of CRLF2 rearrangement. Moreover, this threshold retained its predictive value when only children with low TSLPR positivity were studied.ConclusionWhen surface TSLPR is detected at the diagnosis of BCP‐ALL, close attention should be given to the search for chromosomal aberrations involving CRLF2 at any level of expression.
Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the number of undergoing radical nephroureterectomy and postoperative adjuvant systematic therapy for upper tract urothelial carcinomas in Japan: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Tsuruta Katsuhisa , Majima Tsuyoshi , Nishikimi Toshinori , Kashima Ayano , Soeda Yuya , Inoue Satoshi , Sano Tomoyasu , Maeda Motohiro , Yamamoto Akiyuki , Kobayashi Ikuo , Kajikawa Keishi , Matsukawa Yoshihisa , Kato Masahi , Tsuzuki Toyonori , Sassa Naoto 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesThe coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has affected cancer management worldwide. For upper tract urothelial carcinomas, delays in treatments are not recommended even during the pandemic. We investigated the impact of the pandemic on patients with these carcinomas who underwent radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) and adjuvant systematic therapy before and after COVID‐19 spread in Japan.MethodsThis multicenter retrospective study included 304 patients who underwent RNU for upper tract urothelial carcinomas between May 1, 2019, and December 31, 2021, in Aichi, Japan. The patients were categorized into three groups based on whether they underwent surgery in the prepandemic (before infection spread in Japan), early pandemic (between confirmation of the first case and vaccination initiation), and late pandemic (after the start of vaccination in Japan) phases. The patient characteristics, diagnostic methods, pathological findings, and postoperative therapy were compared among the three phases.ResultsOverall, 74, 152, and 78 patients underwent RNU in the prepandemic, early pandemic, and late pandemic phases, respectively. The number of patients who underwent preoperative ureteroscopy decreased significantly from the prepandemic phase to the late pandemic phase due to pandemic‐related restrictions (p = 0.016). There was no difference in the time to the first visit or pathological findings. Among patients classified as high‐risk according to existing clinical trials, the proportion receiving adjuvant systematic therapy after RNU decreased significantly from 52.3% to 19% (p = 0.003).ConclusionsThere was no difference in the pathological findings. The number of patients receiving appropriate adjuvant systematic therapy decreased during the pandemic.