bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe form of Ebstein’s anomaly associated with ventricular septal defect
Authors: Fuchigami Yuji , Hoashi Takaya , Yoshiba Shigeki , Hotoda Kentaro , Nagase Haruhiro , Iijima Yukino , Suzuki Takaaki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlthough the ventricular septal defect (VSD) that coexists with the severe form of Ebstein’s anomaly was thought to be beneficial for hemodynamics, it is unclear whether biventricular repair is always possible. Ebstein’s anomaly with VSD was diagnosed at 4 days of age based on a heart murmur and mild cyanosis. The cardiothoracic ratio was 78% and the Celermajer index was 1.6 (grade 4), but the hemodynamics were stable and tricuspid valve regurgitation was less than mild. Pulmonary overcirculation developed, and therefore, biventricular repair was attempted at 4 months of age, consisting of VSD patch closure, atrial septal defect partial closure, and the cone reconstruction of the tricuspid valve. Due to persistent cyanosis, however, nitric oxide inhalation and high flow nasal oxygen inhalation could not be discontinued. Catheter examination showed a cardiac index of 2.1 L/min/m2, moderate tricuspid regurgitation, and a pulmonary-to-systemic blood flow ratio of 0.64, and thus, takedown to one and one-half ventricular circulation using bidirectional superior cavopulmonary anastomosis, atrial communication closure, and right pulmonary artery banding was performed. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 25. Four months after discharge, the patient is doing well with home oxygen therapy.
Identifying prognostic indicators for cognitive stimulation therapy for dementia: protocol for a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis
Authors: Crawley Dominic , Saunders Rob , Buckman Joshua E. J. , Hui Esther , Walker Richard , Dotchin Catherine , Spector Aimee 
Published: April 2023

Background
Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) is the only non-pharmacological, treatment for dementia recommended by the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, following multiple international trials demonstrating beneficial cognitive outcomes in people with mild-to-moderate dementia. However, there is limited understanding of whether treatment prognosis is influenced by sociodemographic and clinical variables (such as dementia subtype and gender), information which could inform clinical decision-making.

Aim
We describe the protocol for a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis assessing the prognostic factors related to CST. In publishing this protocol, we hope to increase the transparency of our work, and keep healthcare professionals aware of the latest evidence for effective CST.

Method
A systematic review will be conducted with searches of the bibliographic databases Medline, EMBASE and PsycINFO, from inception to 7 February 2023. Studies will be included if they are clinical trials of CST, use the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale – Cognitive Subscale (gold-standard measure of cognition in dementia in clinical trials) and include participants with mild-to-moderate dementia. Following harmonisation of the data-set, mixed-effect models will be constructed to explore the relationship between the prognostic indicators and change scores post-treatment.

Conclusions
This is the first individual patient data meta-analyses on CST, and has the potential to significantly optimise patient care. Previous analyses suggest people with advanced dementia could benefit more from CST treatment. Given that CST is currently used post-diagnosis in people with mild-to-moderate dementia, the implications of confirming this finding, among identifying other prognostic indicators, are profound.
Experimental reduction in blood oxygen-carrying capacity alters foraging behaviour in a colonial waterbird
Authors: Minias Piotr , Kamiński Maciej , Janiszewski Tomasz , Indykiewicz Piotr , Kowalski Jarosław , Jakubas Dariusz 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Oxidative metabolism is a key component of organismal physiology and it is primarily determined by aerobic capacity, which depends on the capacity of blood to carry oxygen. However, experimental manipulations of blood oxygen-carrying capacity are rarely implemented to test ecophysiological hypotheses in vertebrate populations. Here, we combined an experimental manipulation of blood oxygen-carrying capacity with GPS tracking to test whether suboptimal (reduced) haematological performance affects foraging behaviour in a colonial waterbird, the black-headed gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus. First, a validation of phenylhydrazine (PHZ) treatment in gulls revealed a 9–18% reduction in haematocrit and blood haemoglobin concentration (via oxidative denaturation and haemolysis of erythrocytes). Then, GPS tracking of experimental (PHZ-treated) and control (saline-treated) gulls during the incubation period provided no support for reduced or suspended engagement in energetically costly activities (long-distance foraging trips) by experimental birds. Instead, we found evidence for fine-scale alterations in foraging behaviour of PHZ-treated individuals, which resulted in fewer foraging trips per unit time, but trips that were longer in duration and distance compared with those of control birds. This suggests reduced foraging performance of experimental birds (e.g. lower capacity to find and collect food during trips) or evasion of social competition, although no differences in the total investment in foraging may also suggest compensatory physiological responses to haemolytic anaemia. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the physio-ecological nexus in non-diving colonial avian species. Whether behavioural effects of reduced aerobic capacity have any implications for gull condition and reproductive performance should be the subject of further investigation.
Depressive symptoms and their sociodemographic determinants among people living with HIV/AIDS in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rabeya Rokshana , Alam Nur , Sonia Zannatul Ferdous , Mohajon Dipa Rani , Arafat Yasin , Hasan Md. Kamrul , Hawlader Mohammad Delwer Hossain 
Published: April 2023

Background: HIV is a chronic disease with a profound social impact due to its strong ties with sexual and societal stigmatized behavior, such as illegal drug use and sexual promiscuity. Depression is one of the major disabling factors in chronic illnesses. Depression and anxiety disorders are more common among people living with HIV than the non-infected individuals. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional study, which took place in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July to December 2020, included 338 HIV-positive people. The method used was a simple random sampling technique. The Beck Depression Inventory assessed depression in HIV-positive people (BDI). Results: More than 62 percent of the 338 people surveyed had severe depression, 30.5 percent had moderate depression, 5.6 percent had mild depression, and 1.8 percent had no depression. Age, being a male, being married, and having a low monthly income were all significant predictors of depression. Conclusions: This study found that depressive symptoms are highly prevalent among HIV-positive patients in Bangladesh. The authors recommend that health care providers address depressive disorders for people with HIV/ AIDS comprehensively.
A blended model of interior design studio practice due to COVID-19
Authors: Assali Imad 
Published: April 2023

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic upended the educational system around the globe. During this challenging period, universities and colleges looked for other effective alternative methods of learning, such as Virtual Learning Environments (VL). Besides, Ahlia University has implemented E-learning in response to COVID-19. There needs to be more attention given to the challenges associated with technology adoption facing interior design and architecture programs, where over 60% of courses are practical, especially design studios, which form the core of the curriculum. According to a review of the relevant literature, there needs to be more research on blended learning in interior design and architecture. In order to enhance the teaching and learning of interior design and architecture, further research is required to combine cutting-edge techniques and technology. The aim of this study was to review the classroom materials for Ahlia University's interior design studio. Methods: After completing the INTD 212, INTD 216, INTD 311, and INTD 404 studios in mid-March 2022, a short Qualtrics poll was done to assess the difficulties of e-learning and offer potential consequences. Results: Though students were conveniently attending courses online, there was not much discussion and interaction like in the face-to-face model. Blended teaching in design studio courses offered many benefits. The results showed that blended design studios achieved pedagogical results as students developed their knowledge. Conclusions: Based on the findings, this research concludes that teaching and learning should be shifted from face-to-face and online learning to the best practice of a blended format.
Neuromuscular assessment of force development, postural, and gait performance under cognitive-motor dual-tasking in healthy older adults and early Parkinson's disease patients: Study protocol for a cross-sectional Mobile Brain/Body Imaging (MoBI) study
Authors: Marusic Uros , Peskar Manca , Šömen Maja Maša , Kalc Miloš , Holobar Ales , Gramann Klaus , Wollesen Bettina , Wunderlich Anna , Michel Christoph , Miladinović Aleksandar , Catalan Mauro , Buoite Stella Alex , Ajcevic Milos , Manganotti Paolo 
Published: April 2023

Background: Neuromuscular dysfunction is common in older adults and more pronounced in neurodegenerative diseases. In Parkinson's disease (PD), a complex set of factors often prevents the effective performance of activities of daily living that require intact and simultaneous performance of the motor and cognitive tasks. Methods: The cross-sectional study includes a multifactorial mixed-measure design. Between-subject factor grouping the sample will be Parkinson’s Disease (early PD vs. healthy). The within-subject factors will be the task complexity (single- vs. dual-task) in each motor activity, i.e., overground walking, semi-tandem stance, and isometric knee extension, and a walking condition (wide vs. narrow lane) will be implemented for the overground walking activity only. To study dual-task (DT) effects, in each motor activity participants will be given a secondary cognitive task, i.e., a visual discrimination task for the overground walking, an attention task for the semi-tandem, and mental arithmetic for the isometric extension. Analyses of DT effects and underlying neuronal correlates will focus on both gait and cognitive performance where applicable. Based on an a priori sample size calculation, a total N = 42 older adults (55-75 years) will be recruited. Disease-specific changes such as laterality in motor unit behavior and cortical control of movement will be studied with high-density surface electromyography and electroencephalography during static and dynamic motor activities, together with whole-body kinematics. Discussion: This study will be one of the first to holistically address early PD neurophysiological and neuromuscular patterns in an ecologically valid environment under cognitive-motor DT conditions of different complexities. The outcomes of the study aim to identify the biomarker for early PD either at the electrophysiological, muscular or kinematic level or in the communication between these systems. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.Gov, NCT05477654. This study was approved by the Medical Ethical Committee (106/2021).
Competition and Reputation in an Online Marketplace: Evidence from Airbnb
Authors: Rossi Michelangelo 
Published: April 2023

This paper studies how competition affects the role of reputation in encouraging sellers to exert effort. More competition disciplines sellers, but at the same time, it erodes reputational premia. This paper identifies whether one effect dominates the other using data from Airbnb. I exploit the introduction of a short-term rental regulation effective in San Francisco in 2017 that halved the number of short-term listings on the platform. I focus on hosts who are present on the platform before and after the regulation, and I identify a negative causal effect of the number of competitors on ratings about hosts’ effort. I extend this result with two other measures of effort: hosts’ response rate and response time. I confirm that hosts exert less effort when the number of competitors increases. The rate of responses within 24 hours decreases, and response time increases. This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing. Funding: This work was supported by the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Spain) [Grant ECO2016-78632-P]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4758 .
Remote mmW photonic local oscillator delivery for uplink down-conversion in DML-based optical hybrid C-RAN fronthaul
Authors: Vallejo Luis , Bohata J. , Mora J. , Zvanovec S. , Ortega B. 
Published: April 2023

In this work, we propose and demonstrate the remote delivery of a photonically generated local oscillator (LO) signal for uplink down-conversion in photonically generated millimeter-wave (mmW) signals over duplex centralized radio access network fronthaul. The technique, based on carrier-suppressed external modulation in a single Mach–Zehnder modulator, is employed for generating the mmW signals, which are distributed over hybrid optical links composed of fiber and free-space optics (FSO) prior to the radio wireless link at 42 GHz, and also for the uplink (UL) LO generation enabling the 38 GHz UL signal down-conversion. A 5G new radio (NR) quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) and 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal transmission is successfully demonstrated using low-frequency directly modulated lasers for both the downlink and the UL mmW transmission, and thus a low-cost and simple intermediate frequency over fiber and FSO UL deployment are presented. The lowest achieved error vector magnitudes with the 5G NR signals at 100 MHz bandwidth in the proposed mmW UL schemes, including 10 km of optical fiber and a 1.1 m long FSO link, are 5.8% and 6% for QPSK and 64-QAM, respectively.
Non-line-of-sight multiple reflection underwater wireless optical communications channel model based on a capillary waves rough sea surface
Authors: Xu Shan , Yue Peng , Yi Xiang 
Published: April 2023

In a non-line-of sight reflective underwater wireless optical communications (UWOC) link, the transmitted beam relies on reflections from the sea surface to propagate to the underwater receiver. Most previous research on reflective channels has sufficiently considered single reflections from a smooth or rough surface, while ignoring the effect of multiple reflections. In fact, a rough sea surface may cause the reflected photons to hit the sea surface again, which is referred as a multiple reflection process. To make up for deficiencies in the existing literature, we first construct a capillary waves rough sea surface model, and then present a multiple reflection channel model with the help of the Monte Carlo ray tracing approach. The path loss and channel impulse response (CIR) were further evaluated based on the model for different communications scenarios. Numerical results suggest that multiple reflections increase the path loss by more than about 5 dB, and reduce the CIR amplitude to less than one-third compared to a single reflection. The work done in this paper aims to provide theoretical support for UWOC system design.
Influences of smart glasses on postural control under single- and dual-task conditions for ergonomic risk assessment
Authors: Tenholt Jakob , Adam Stella , Laun Martin , Schiefer Christoph , Terschüren Claudia , Harth Volker , Karamanidis Kiros , Hartmann Ulrich , Friemert Daniel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Head worn displays have become increasingly popular at workplaces in logistics and assembly lines in recent years. Such displays are expected to improve productivity and safety at the workplace. However, their impact on balance in the workforce is still an open research question. Therefore, we investigated the influence of the Vuzix M400 and Realwear HMT1 smart glasses on postural control. A laboratory study was conducted with eleven participants. Balance parameters were recorded during bilateral quiet stance, together with parameters of cognitive load. The two different smart glasses used in this study were compared with a monitor and a tablet under single-task conditions and while performing a spatial 2-back task. As balance parameters, the prediction ellipse and sample entropy in anteroposterior as well as mediolateral direction of the center-of-pressure data were examined. No significant differences were observed in the cognitive task performance between the devices. The prediction ellipse of the smart glasses was smaller than the tablets but larger than the smartboard. The dynamic of sample entropy data suggests that the use of the spatial 2-back task induces postural sway in the participants. This effect was most profound when looking at the monitor and least recognizable in the data of the tablet.
Big data technology for computer intrusion detection
Authors: Chen Ying 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In order to improve the ability of computer network intrusion detection, the big data technology for computer intrusion detection was studied. This research uses big data technology to build a network intrusion detection model, using clustering algorithms, classification algorithms, and association rule algorithms in data mining to automatically identify the attack patterns in the network and quickly learn and extract the characteristics of network attacks. The experimental results show that the recognition effect of the classification algorithm is obviously better than that of the clustering algorithm and the association rule. With the increase in the proportion of abnormal commands, the accuracy rate can still be maintained at 90%. As a compromise between the classification algorithm and the clustering algorithm, the accuracy rate of the association rule algorithm is basically maintained at more than 75%. It is proved that the big data technology oriented to computer intrusion detection can effectively improve the detection ability of computer network intrusion.
Melt-blended PLA/curcumin-cross-linked polyurethane film for enhanced UV-shielding ability
Authors: Fu Xuya , Zhang Tao , Zhang Wenshuo , Zhong Yuye , Fang Shuliang , Wang Guannan , Li Ying , Deng Yajun , Liu Xinghai , Li Houbin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Biomass films with ultraviolet (UV)-shielding ability have attracted considerable attention. Curcumin was introduced into castor oil-based polyurethane (CCPU) as a chain extender, which was melt with polylactic acid (PLA) as a reinforcement to obtain biomass UV-shielding film. The excellent UV absorption and antioxidant qualities of curcumin contributed to the impressive UV-shielding capacity (97.6% UV radiation absorption) and antioxidant (51% free radical scavenging) of PLA/CCPU-20 film. In the scanning electron microscopic images of film fracture, the mixing of CCPU elastomer into the PLA matrix caused the blend films to exhibit significant toughening fracture characteristics compared to the pure PLA film. The excellent thermal stability, low water swelling degree, and low water solubility of PLA/CCPU blend films were maintained after CCPU was added to the PLA matrix. Therefore, the PLA/CCPU blend films can be considered as a potential packaging material because of its favorable UV-shielding properties and film stability.
The ECB’s Transmission Protection Instrument and Fiscal Stability
Authors: Assenmacher Katrin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The ECB’s Transmission Protection Instrument (TPI) supports the effective transmission of the monetary policy stance throughout the euro area, which is a precondition for the ECB to deliver on its price stability mandate. If activated, the Eurosystem would purchase securities issued in jurisdictions that experience a deterioration in financing conditions not warranted by country-specific fundamentals. The TPI thereby complements other tools to counter risks to the transmission mechanism such as the Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme (PEPP) reinvestment flexibility and the Outright Monetary Transactions (OMT) programme.
Mechanism and Observation of Pore Formation during Carbonitriding
Authors: Skalecki M. , Sommer M. , Steinbacher M. , Hoja S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Carbonitriding enhances properties of many steels and is therefore an attractive alternative for surface hardening of steel components in the mechanical industry. However, pore formation in the carbon and nitrogen enriched surface layer may occur under certain process conditions. For a given steel and case depth specification, pore formation can be managed by reducing the nitrogen activity of the carbonitriding atmosphere below a defined limit, depending on process temperature and process time. Recent progress in process control allows automatic and independent adjustments of the carbon and nitrogen activities and corresponding potentials of the carbonitriding atmosphere. This study contributes to the practical evaluation of pore formation limits under selected carbonitriding conditions for a range of commonly used engineering steel grades.
The impact of cerclage placement on gestational length in women with premature cervical shortening
Authors: Borochov Hausner Noga , Baumfeld Yael , Yaniv-Salem Shimrit , Hamou Batel , Silberstein Tali 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Cervical insufficiency (CI) is a condition consistent with painless cervical dilatation that can lead to preterm delivery. Cervical cerclage is a procedure in which cervical suture is performed for preventing preterm labor in several indications. Late emergency cerclage is technically more challenging compared to elective cerclage, performed earlier during pregnancy, prior to cervical changes. Pregnancy outcomes with emergency cerclage were found to be improved in previous reports, but there is still inconclusive data. To assess the effectiveness and safety of emergency cerclage vs. conservative management with progesterone and/or bed resting, in preventing preterm birth and improving neonatal outcomes in women with clinically evident cervical insufficiency.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study conducted on all women diagnosed with cervical insufficiency between the 16th and 24th gestational week who met the inclusion criteria, from January 2012 to December 2018. Obstetric and neonatal outcomes: time from diagnosis to delivery, duration of pregnancy, birth weight and Apgar score, were compared between women who underwent cerclage and those who treated conservatively.

Results
Twenty eight women underwent emergency cerclage (cerclage group) and 194 managed with a conservative therapy, progesterone and/or bed rest (control group). Time from diagnosis to delivery 13 weeks vs. 8 weeks and birth weight 2,418 g vs. 1914 g were significantly higher in the first cohort. Average pregnancy duration was three weeks longer in the cerclage group, but that was not significant. No complications occurred in the cerclage group and no difference in mode of delivery were found.

Conclusions
Emergency cerclage is an effective and safe procedure in preventing preterm birth and prolongation of pregnancy, in women with cervical insufficiency in the late second trimester.