bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurodegeneration in a novel invertebrate model system: Failed microtubule‐mediated cell adhesion and unraveling of macroglia
Authors: Fabian‐Fine Ruth , Aiken Anna M. , Aug Julia R. , Boucher Jason D. , Butler Danielle C. , Clancy Liam J. , Clem Shaun A. , Crotty Samantha C. , Dalpe Abigail M. , Donzello‐Jewett Elizabeth J. , Galgay Taylor M. , Gillis Bonnie K. , Heinrich Brigid W. , Hines Kai R. , Kimmel Jordan E. , McGrath Joseph M. , Miles Marissa M. , Morey Jordyn A. , Ortiz Isaiah A. , Pham Kevin Q. , Quinn Liam C. , Radican Colin J. , Speidel Nolan T. , Thomas Bailey J. , Troisi Angela R. , Weiss Joshua L. , Wentzheimer Kayne V. , Weaver Adam L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases are among the main causes of death in the United States, leading to irreversible disintegration of neurons. Despite intense international research efforts, cellular mechanisms that initiate neurodegeneration remain elusive, thus inhibiting the development of effective preventative and early onset medical treatment. To identify underlying cellular mechanisms that initiate neuron degeneration, it is critical to identify histological and cellular hallmarks that can be linked to underlying biochemical processes. Due to the poor tissue preservation of degenerating mammalian brain tissue, our knowledge regarding histopathological hallmarks of early to late degenerative stages is only fragmentary. Here, we introduce a novel model organism to study histological hallmarks of neurodegeneration, the spider Cupiennius salei. We utilized toluidine blue‐stained 0.9‐μm serial semithin and 50‐nm ultrathin sections of young and old spider nervous tissue. Our findings suggest that the initial stages of neurodegeneration in spiders may be triggered by (1) dissociation of neuron‐ and glia‐derived microtubules, and (2) the weakening of microtubule‐associated desmosomal junctions that lead to the unraveling of neuron‐insulating macroglia, compromising the structural integrity of affected neurons. The involvement of macroglia in the disposal of neuronal debris described here—although different in the proposed transport mechanisms—shows resemblance to the mammalian glymphatic system. We propose that this model system is highly suitable to investigate invertebrate neurodegenerative processes from early onset to scar formation and that this knowledge may be useful for the study of neurodegeneration in mammalian tissue.
Accessing the Primary Solid–Electrolyte Interphase on Lithium Metal: A Method for Low‐Concentration Compound Analysis
Authors: von Holtum Bastian , Kubot Maximilian , Peschel Christoph , Rodehorst Uta , Winter Martin , Nowak Sascha , Wiemers‐Meyer Simon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite large research efforts in the fields of lithium ion and lithium metal batteries, there are still unanswered questions. One of them is the formation of the solid−electrolyte interphase (SEI) in lithium‐metal‐anode‐based battery systems. Until now, a compound profile analysis of the SEI on lithium metal was challenging as the amounts of many compounds after simple contact of lithium metal and the electrolyte were too low for detection with analytical methods. This study presents a novel approach on unravelling the SEI compound profile through accumulation in the gas, liquid electrolyte, and solid phase. The method uses the intrinsic behavior of lithium metal to spontaneously react with the liquid electrolyte. In combination with complementary, state‐of‐the‐art analytical instrumentation and methods, this approach provides qualitative and quantitative results on all three phases revealing the vast variety of compounds formed in carbonate‐based electrolytes.
The influence of LPL S447X variants and obesity on lipid profile, oxidative stress, and the risk of T2DM: A case‐control study
Authors: Ahmed Gulshan Omar , Rahimi Zohreh , Kohsari Maryam , Shakiba Ebrahim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsThe present study aimed to investigate the association between lipoprotein lipase (LPL) S447X polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, lipid profile, and oxidative stress parameters in a population from the Kurdistan region of Iraq.MethodWe studied 250 adults (51% female and 49% male) aged 45–65 years in four groups, obese and normal body mass index (BMI) diabetic patients versus healthy normal BMI and obese individuals as controls. Lipid profile and oxidative stress parameters were analyzed by colorimetric assay. The LPL S447X genotypes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐restriction fragment length polymorphism.ResultsWe found that the obese diabetic group had higher levels of triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, and lower level of high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol than other groups. Obese diabetic patients had higher anthropometric indices than nonobese diabetic patients, obese and normal BMI controls. The levels of TG and total oxidative status (TOS) were significantly lower and higher, respectively, in normal BMI controls than in obese controls. Obese diabetic patients had a lower level of total antioxidant capacity than nondiabetic obese controls. The level of TOS was lower in nondiabetic controls compared to the patient groups. Obese diabetic patients had the highest TOS and malondialdehyde levels. The LPL SX genotype was associated with decreased the risk of T2DM by 79% (odds ratio [OR] = 0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.05–0.81, p = 0.03). Also, the presence of this genotype reduced the risk of obesity by 39% (OR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.07–4.90, p = 0.6). In all individuals, the presence of the SX genotype was associated with significantly lower levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS) and TOS.ConclusionWe report the influence of obesity on lipid profile in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals and the effect of LPL SX genotype on decreased risk of T2DM and reduced levels of FBS and TOS.
Therapy with pembrolizumab in treatment‐naïve patients with nonmetastatic, mismatch repair deficient colorectal cancer
Authors: Eefsen Rikke Løvendahl , Larsen Jim S. , Klarskov Louise L. , Altaf Rahim , Høgdall Estrid , Ingeholm Peter , Lykke Jakob , Nielsen Dorte L. , Pfeiffer Per , Poulsen Laurids Ø. , Qvortrup Camilla , Schou Jakob V. , Mau‐Sørensen Morten , Østerlind Kell , Jensen Benny V. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is effective in patients with metastatic mismatch‐repair deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC); however, data on treatment with neoadjuvant ICI in patients with locally advanced CRC are limited. From March 2019 to June 2020, five Danish oncological centers treated 10 patients with a treatment‐naïve dMMR CRC with preoperative pembrolizumab, 9 with a nonmetastatic, unresectable colon cancer and 1 with a locally advanced rectum cancer. All 10 patients were evaluated regularly at a multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting, and they all had a radical resection after a median of 8 cycles (range 2‐13) of pembrolizumab. A microscopic evaluation of the resected tumors revealed no remaining tumor cells in five patients, while five still had tumor cells present. The patients were given no additional therapy. No recurrences were reported after a median follow‐up of 26 months (range 23‐38.5 months). Biopsies from Danish patients with CRC are routinely screened for dMMR proteins. In 2017, data from the Danish Colorectal Cancer Group showed that 19% (565/3000) of the patients with colon cancer and 1.5% (19/1279) of those with rectum cancer had an dMMR tumor. Among the patients with MMR determination, 26% (99/384) patients had a T4 dMMR colon cancer; thus, the 10 patients treated with neoadjuvant pembrolizumab comprised about 9% of the patients with a T4 dMMR colon cancer (9/99) and 5% of patients with dMMR rectal cancer (1/19). Therapy with pembrolizumab was feasible and effective. Larger prospective trials are needed to confirm our findings.
Convergence of public expenditures and revenues in EU28 during 2002–2019: Evidence from club‐clustering analysis before and after the European debt crisis
Authors: Anastasiou Athanasios , Apergis Nicholas , Zervoyianni Athina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the convergence of public expenditures and revenues in the EU28 by applying the panel cluster convergence methodology to updated quarterly data for the period 2002–2019. In order to explore whether the recent debt crisis in EU has affected the harmonisation path, the paper, for the first time, considers both the whole period 2002–2019 and two equally‐sized sub‐periods, that is, 2002–2009 and 2012–2019, which correspond to pre‐and post‐debt‐crisis years. The issue is important for the debate on fiscal harmonisation in Europe, given that the EU's debt crisis has generated many asymmetries across the member states, whilst the design of effective public policies remains a key tool for achieving higher economic growth. Overall, our results provide evidence of divergence, especially for public expenditures since the European debt crisis, which suggests that in the future further efforts towards a stronger harmonisation path will be required by policymakers in EU member states.
Derivatization of graphene oxide nanosheets with tunable nitric oxide release for antibacterial biomaterials
Authors: Garren Mark , Ashcraft Morgan , Crowley Dagney , Brisbois Elizabeth J. , Handa Hitesh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) nanosheets are a promising class of carbon‐based materials suitable for application in the construction of medical devices. These materials have inherent antimicrobial properties based on sheet size, but these effects must be carefully traded off to maintain biocompatibility. Chemical modification of functional groups to the lattice structure of GO nanosheets enables unique opportunities to introduce new surface properties to bolster biological effects. Herein, we have developed nitric oxide (NO)‐releasing GO nanosheets via immobilization of S‐nitrosothiol (RSNO) moieties to GO nanosheets (GO‐[NH]x‐SNO). These novel RSNO‐based GO nanosheets were characterized for chemical functionality via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and colorimetric assays for functional group quantification. Stoichiometric control of the available RSNO groups functionalized onto the nanosheets was studied using chemiluminescence‐based NO detection methods, showing highly tunable NO release kinetics. Studies of electrical stimulation and subsequent electrochemical reduction of the nanosheets demonstrated further tunability of the NO release based on stimuli. Finally, nanosheets were evaluated for cytotoxicity and antibacterial effects, showing strong cytocompatibility with human fibroblasts in parallel to broad antibacterial and anti‐biofilm effects against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative strains. In summary, derivatized GO‐(NH)x‐SNO nanosheets were shown to have tunable NO release properties, enabling application‐specific tailoring for diverse biomedical applications such as antimicrobial coatings and composite fillers for stents, sensors, and other medical devices.
Nursing opinions on collaborating with residents in new and legacy OB/GYN programs
Authors: Swan Kimberly , Dziadkowiec Oliwier , Durbin Jeffery S. , Mosher Kelly , Wang Gloria Zhujun , Choi Ye Ji , Thrasher Susan M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCollaboration among physicians and nurses is vital and has shown to lead to better patient care and improve outcomes. Our study surveyed two groups of Labor and Delivery nurses in two regionally similar community hospitals in midwestern United States: one group from a new Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN) residency program (n = 49) and another from an established (legacy) OB/GYN residency program (n = 49). The survey asked nurses from the hospital with new and legacy residency program about preparedness for working with residents, perceptions of nurse‐resident‐patient relationships, collaboration and opinions about how resident physicians impact patient safety. Most nurses from the legacy residency program showed positive perceptions of collaboration with the residency and institutional support. In the new OB/GYN residency program, nurses were generally neutral and showed skepticism about collaboration with OB/GYN resident physicians and institutional support. Nurses from both hospitals felt similarly in their comfort escalating issues to administration and in their satisfaction with interprofessional collaboration within Labor and Delivery units. Providing nurses with opportunities to learn about the role of new medical residents in their patient care setting as well as intentional collaboration between nursing and residency program administration might result in more effective collaboration between physician residents and nursing staff.
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient as Imaging Biomarker for Identifying IDH Mutation, 1p19q Codeletion, and MGMT Promoter Methylation Status in Patients With Glioma
Authors: Ma Xiaoxiao , Cheng Kun , Cheng Gang , Li Chenxi , Lyu Jinhao , Lan Yina , Duan Caohui , Bian Xiangbing , Zhang Jianning , Lou Xin 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundGlioma genotypes are of importance for clinical decision‐making. This data can only be acquired through histopathological analysis based on resection or biopsy. Consequently, there is a need for alternative biomarkers that noninvasively provide reliable information for preoperatively identifying molecular characteristics.PurposeTo investigate apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as imaging biomarker for preoperatively identifying glioma genotypes based on the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsOne hundred and fifty‐nine patients (47.6 ± 14.4 years) diagnosed with WHO grade 2–4 glioma including 93 males and 66 females.Field Strength/SequenceA 3 T/spin echo echo planner imaging.AssessmentThe ADC measurements were assessed by two neuroradiologists (both with 6 years of experience). Three different lowest portions inside the tumors without overlap were manually drawn on the ADC maps as regions of interest (ROIs). The mean ADC value of the three ROIs was defined as the minimum ADC value (ADCmin). An ROI was placed in the contralateral normal appearing white matter (NAWM) to obtain the ADC value (ADCNAWM). The ADCmin to ADCNAWM ratio (ADCratio) was calculated. Genetics results were retrospectively recorded from pathologic and genetic test reports.Statistical TestsTwo‐sample independent t‐tests, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and intraclass correlation coefficient analysis were used. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsIsocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)‐mutated glioma showed higher ADCmin and ADCratio than IDH wild‐type glioma. Among IDH‐mutated glioma, higher ADCmin and ADCratio were found in 1p19q intact glioma than in 1p19q codeletion glioma. ADC parameters enabled differentiation of IDH mutation status with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.84 and 0.86.Data ConclusionADC has potential discriminative value for IDH mutation and 1p19q codeletion status.Evidence Level3.Technical EfficacyStage 2.
Modeling and numerical analysis of volume array radiation pattern impact on2D‐DOAestimation accuracy considering arrays' aperture angle
Authors: Sharifi Mehdi , Rezaei Pejman 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper tries to obtain the maximum estimation accuracy of 2‐dimensional Direction of Arrival (2D‐DOA) from the spatial signal resource in the angle approaching the horizon by using the volume arrays pattern synthesizing. For this purpose, the well‐known Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) and the algorithm Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) are used to investigate 2D‐DOA estimation accuracy. For accurate design of array structure, the antenna elements' radiation pattern have been considered based on the full‐wave simulations along with the mutual coupling and shadow effects. The results show that the volume array structure presented with 13 radiative elements and the two side angles of 30 and 45 degrees has a much better DOA estimation accuracy in all angles especially in angles close to the horizon, compared to the planar array with the same number of radiative elements. Also, at the angle ±90° from broadside the presented volume aperture provides a maximum gain of up to 15.4 dBi, which is much more than the produced gain of planar aperture under the same conditions.
An updated systematic review of esthetic grading tools in postmastectomy breast reconstruction
Authors: Stern Carrie , Kim Leslie N. , Plotsker Ethan , Boyce Lindsay , Dayan Joseph , Nelson Jonas A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe ascertained whether a validated esthetic grading tool for breast reconstruction had been developed and widely adopted since the last published systematic review on the topic from 2015.MethodsWe performed a systematic review identifying all studies using a grading tool to assess breast reconstruction, using search terms associated with all types of breast surgery and outcomes research. Articles were assessed for patient number, validated scale use, assessor type and training, assessor blinding, assessment method, scoring system type, type and timing of reconstruction, and usage of corroborating scales.ResultsOf 2809 articles screened, 148 met the criteria. Only 3 used a validated tool, the Esthetic Items Scale. Most used study‐only tools (n = 111) or unvalidated tools (n = 28). The most used unvalidated tool was the Garbay/Lowery 5‐subscale rubric. Unanchored Likert scales were the most common subjective tool; two‐dimensional images were the most used medium. Surgeons, patients, and nurses were the most common assessors. Twenty percent of studies used corroborating scales.ConclusionsIn the absence of a validated esthetic grading tool for breast reconstruction, researchers continue to rely on unvalidated scales. The only validated scale available is used infrequently and only validated among physicians. A validated, reliable, simple grading tool with clinical and scholastic relevance is needed.
Facet joint degeneration—An initial procedure of the cervical spine degeneration
Authors: Shang Qiliang , Wang Dong , Wang Di , Peng Pandi , Wang Han , Jia Haoruo , Mao Jianxin , Gao Chu , Du Mu , He Xin , Ma Yachao , Zheng Chao , Yang Liu , Luo Zhuojing , Hu Xueyu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to emphasize the initiating role of facet joint (FJ) degeneration in the process of cervical spine degeneration induced by tangential load, and we further validate it in a novel cervical spine degeneration animal model.MethodsThe characteristics of cervical degeneration in patients of different ages were summarized through case collection. In the rat models, Hematoxylin–Eosin, Safranin O staining, and micro‐computed tomography were used to show the histopathological changes and bone fiber structure of FJ and the height of intervertebral disc (IVD) space. The ingrowth of nociceptive sensory nerve fibers was observed by immunofluorescence staining.ResultsFJ degeneration without IVDs degeneration was more common in people with cervical spondylosis in young patients. The obvious degeneration phenotypes of the FJs preceded the IVDs at the same cervical segment in our animal model. The SP+and CGRP+sensory nerve fibers were observed in the articular subchondral bone of degenerated FJs and porous endplates of degenerated IVDs.ConclusionThe FJ degeneration may act as the major contributor to cervical spine degeneration in young people. The dysfunction of functional unit of spine, not a certain part of IVD tissue, results in the occurrence of cervical degeneration and neck pain.
U.S. mothers’ appraisals of the race‐related events of 2020: Implications for the course of maternal posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms
Authors: Printz Pereira Destiny , Dominguez Perez Sophia , Milan Stephanie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFor parents of color, publicized racial violence can heighten concerns about their children's safety. The goal of this study was to test whether this form of race‐related stress exacerbates maternal posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms over a 4‐month period in families of color. Participants included 262 U.S. mothers with a lifetime mental health diagnosis (67.6% non‐Hispanic White, 15.6% African‐American/Black, 16.8% other family of color). Mothers completed online surveys and open‐ended questions, including appraisals of the meaning of the 2020 race‐related events (i.e., George Floyd's death, subsequent protests) in relation to their children's future. Open‐ended responses were quantified using LIWC15 text analysis for emotion word frequency and thematic coding for perceived implications. In ANCOVA, there were significant racial group differences in appraisals, ds = 0.09–0.57. The responses from mothers of Black children included fewer positive and more negative emotion words than mothers of White children; they also included more perceived negative implications than all other mothers but did not vary on perceived positive implications. In regression analyses, there were significant moderating effects of race/ethnicity in the association between appraisals and PTSD symptom course such that negative appraisals predicted a subsequent increase in PTSD symptoms only for mothers of Black children, βs = .26–.37. Variations in event appraisals were unrelated to PTSD symptom course for other mothers. These findings provide longitudinal support for the link between vicarious racism exposure and PTSD symptoms and highlight one potential form of racism‐related stress for parents of Black children.
Successful acclimation of marine diatoms Chaetoceros curvisetus/pseudocurvisetus to climate change
Authors: Vrana Ivna , Gašparović Blaženka , Geček Sunčana , Godrijan Jelena , Novak Tihana , Kazazić Snježana P. , Mlakar Marina , Kužat Nataša , Pfannkuchen Martin , Pfannkuchen Daniela Marić 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTwo main parameters that structure the marine ecosystem by affecting species distribution, abundance, community structure, timing of major life cycle events, and trophic state of the ecosystem are temperature and nutrient availability. Faced with climate change, eukaryotic plankton cope at multiple levels through physiological accommodation, adaptive evolution, shift in time and/or space of habitat, and/or community responses. Thirty‐two years of our phytoplankton research indicate that Chaetoceros curvisetus/pseudocurvisetus adjust to climate change more successfully than the majority of the accompanying phytoplankton taxa in the mesotrophic part of the NW Adriatic Sea, the Mediterranean. While the abundance of the entire accompanying phytoplankton community has decreased significantly since 2003 (the period of the northern Adriatic warming and oligotrophication) compared to the previous period (1986–2003), the abundance of C. curvisetus/pseudocurvisetus remained unchanged, while its contribution to the community increased significantly. Accommodation strategies include a change in the timing of high abundance and blooms in the surface layer and successful blooming in the deeper layers during warm months. Apart from the observed in situ accommodation, physiological acclimation to warming may involve changes in photosynthesis, respiration, growth, and cell biochemistry. Here, we conducted laboratory experiments with C. pseudocurvisetus to investigate how warming affects its biochemical response through the fatty acid remodeling of phospholipid classes. Long‐term field observations and short‐term laboratory experiments suggest that marine diatoms C. curvisetus/pseudocurvisetus are potential global winners with the ability to acclimate/adapt to climate change.