bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Families of Perpetrators Mobilising against Human Rights Trials in Argentina
Authors: Salvi Valentina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn 2006, a new round of trials against military officers, members of the police force, and others who violated human rights during the dictatorship (1976-1983) was initiated under the legal concept of crimes against humanity in Argentina. To date, more than a thousand perpetrators have been imprisoned. This chapter examines the strategies and arguments used by mobilisations of the right-against-rights in Argentina: perpetrators’ relatives challenging the legitimacy of Argentina’s trials for crimes against humanity. The analysis focuses on how these groups (1) try to reverse the success of the human rights movement with regard to access to justice for the victims of the dictatorship; (2) adapt the global paradigm of human rights and the universal humanitarian narrative; (3) construct an image of the victim through the appropriation of the language used by human rights defenders; and (4) resort to biological family ties to legitimise their demands for justice, in the same way as the historic Argentine grandmothers, mothers, and children of the disappeared. Finally, the chapter addresses the tensions generated by the presence of these groups that want to restore privileges and inequities in the post-dictatorship political life in Argentina.
Framejacking Rights Discourse to Undermine Latin American Multilateral Human Rights Institutions
Authors: Kane Gillian , Moragas Mirta , Stallone Kiran 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Multilateral Latin American human rights institutions were historically attentive to human rights issues in response to advocacy and demands for accountability from progressive civil society movements. They are now being targeted by right-against-rights actors, who have developed the capacity to resist human rights gains. This chapter analyses the ways in which the right-against-rights has impacted the world’s oldest regional body—the Organisation of American States (OAS)—and its Inter-American Human Rights System (IAS). By specifically targeting the promotion of LGBTQI rights and sexual and reproductive rights, far right countermovements have reframed and accused the OAS-IAS of violating fundamental rights, such as family rights, the rights of the unborn, the right to life, the right to religious freedom, and sovereignty rights. This chapter analyses the use of right-against-rights discourse within the OAS General Assembly through the lens of ‘framejacking’, providing concrete examples about discourse appropriation in this space with textual and interview-based evidence. It then takes an in-depth look at the potential impact of ‘framejacking’ via an examination of coordinated anti-rights efforts and their use of sovereignty and anti-imperialistic discourse to successfully limit financial resources within the Inter-American System.
Righting Rights, Righting Wrongs: Final Reflections
Authors: Zulver Julia , Payne Leigh A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this concluding chapter, we explore what can be done about the social problem created by the right-against-rights who pose a threat to the hard-fought-for gains made by rights-seekers. We first identify the sources of strengths and weaknesses of the right analysed in this volume: the efforts at ‘righting rights.’ We then suggest a plan of action for ‘righting wrongs,’ that is, for rights defence against efforts to roll back, reverse, or block rights gains. In the final section of this chapter we situate the right-against-rights in a broader comparative framework. We reinforce the contribution Latin America makes to understanding the right-against-rights in Europe, North America, and elsewhere. By doing so, we contend that the social problem of the right-against-rights is not a regional problem, but a global one. As such, we suggest that some of the solutions to the right-against-rights social problem could be extended to Latin America and elsewhere. We close by considering the new research agenda this volume inspires.
Prosody in Medieval English and Norse
Authors: Goering Nelson 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This book reconstructs aspects of linguistic prosody from the medieval records of two closely related Germanic languages, English and Norse. Evidence is drawn from a series of case studies on vowel reductions and the metrics of alliterative verse in early Old English, early Middle English, and Old Norse. Taken together, these diverse sources of data indicate a notable continuity in the internal rhythmic structure of words in these languages. Specifically, an enduring role is played by the bimoraic trochee, a prosodic unit which serves as the basis for the poetic phenomenon of resolution in English and Norse verse. This continuity explains a wide range of phenomena – high-vowel deletion in Old English, Kaluza's law in Beowulf, reductions of certain unstressed vowels in the ‘AB’ dialect of early Middle English, poetic resolution in Laȝamon’s Brut, the ‘syncope periods’ in Norse runic inscriptions, Craigie's law in skaldic poetry, Sievers' law in Proto-Germanic, and more – as all having been shaped by this pertinacious prosodic building block. These developments are contextualised both within broader linguistic typological perspectives and against the philological details of medieval metrics and sources. Attention is also given to the role of language contact not only as a potential driver of prosodic change, but as a source of prosodic continuity.
Vowel Loss in Runic Inscriptions
Authors: Goering Nelson 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews the problematic data of runic inscriptions from c. 500–900 AD for evidence of prosodic conditioning. It is argued that the earlier phase of vowel losses closely paralleled those in early Old English (Chapter 4) in being conditioned by the bimoraic trochee. The operation of i-umlaut may corroborate this view. Very tentative support is offered for Kiparsky’s proposal to divide this phase into two sub-phases, the first of which was restricted by a constraint against overheavy syllables. A second broad phase of losses after the year 800 operated without any clear reference to foot structure.
The Constrained Position: Non-resolution and Craigie’s Law
Authors: Goering Nelson 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The fourth metrical position in fornyrðislag and the skaldic metre dróttkvǽtt are both subject to two special restrictions: they may not be filled by resolved elements, nor by overheavy nominals (this second requirement is known as Craigie’s law). While the exact explanation for why the fourth position should be particularly ‘constrained’ depends on one’s preferred metrical theory, the constraints themselves provide further evidence that both resolved (polysyllabic) feet and overheavy feet are dispreferred departures from the normal bimoraic trochee in Norse. Furthermore, Craigie’s law in fornyrðislag provides evidence that inflectional -r and -s count as extrametrical in Norse phonology.
Analisis Model Pembelajaran Picture And Picture Pada Pembelajaran Ski Di MTs Negeri 2 Kepahiang
Authors: Eka Yanuarti  , Cintia Nur Jannah  , Melisa Eka Putri  , Mesi Sulastri  , Nada Magfiroh  
Published: September 2023

The research used is a qualitative research and the research approach used is a descriptive approach. The subjects of this study were SKI teachers and students. The types and sources of data used in this research are (1) primary data, related to the initial data. (2) secondary data, related to additional data. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews and documentation. The use of data analysis techniques in the field are: (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, (3) drawing conclusions and verification. In the data validity technique in this study, the examination was carried out by triangulation.
The results showed that: (1) the application of the Picture and Picture learning model to class VIII SKI lessons, namely, the SKI teacher has taken the steps to apply the picture and picture model to class VIII SKI learning in accordance with the existing theory. (2) the supporting and inhibiting factors, namely, the supporting factors for the application of the Picture And Picture learning model include, the availability of picture tools and media in madrasas is actually quite adequate such as infocus and computers, the availability of books in the library is sufficient and on the inhibiting factors it is not found that SKI teachers experience difficulties when dealing with student abilities. SKI teachers also don't seem to have any difficulty in determining pictures that are appropriate to the subject matter.
The Role of Clinical Pharmacists in the Management of Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Diana Nurul Adha Putri 
Published: September 2023

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by itchy, inflamed skin that affects a significant portion of the population, particularly children, and can significantly impact quality of life. The role of clinical pharmacists in managing AD has gained prominence due to their expertise in medications, patient education, and collaborative care. This article explores the various ways clinical pharmacists contribute to the comprehensive management of AD, emphasizing patient education, medication management, and interprofessional collaboration.
Studi Penggunaan Media Filtrasi Pasir Silika, Manganese, Dan Arang Aktif Untuk Menurunkan Parameter Pencemaran TDS, Mangan, Nitrat (NO2) dan MPN Coliform Terhadap Kuliatas Air Sumur Gali di Kelurahan Patingalloang, Kecamatan Ujung Tanah, Makassar 2023
Authors: Saswini Andi Ade Ula , Yusriyanto Yusriyanto , Syafri Muh 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: site requirements for the construction of a dug well, this is necessary so that the quality of dug well water is safe in accordance with the established rules, Pollution caused by bacteria to water in the ground widens to ± 2 meters at a distance of 5 meters from the source of pollution 3 and narrows to a distance of 11 meters in the direction of the soil flow,
Research Method: This type of research is descriptive research, namely to determine the use of silica sand filter media – activated carbon in filter reactors to reduce TDS, Nitrite (NO2), Dissolved Manganese and MPN Coliform with a comparison of the composition of filter media with references to clean water quality standards Permenkes No. 2 of 2023, The sample in this study is 1 dug well located in Pattingaloang Village, Ujung Tanah District, Makaasar City in 2023.
Results: The results of this study after filtration interventions of manganese media, activated carbon, and silica sand found that TDS, color, Manganese Nitrite (NO3) has decreased environmental pollution levels in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2023.
Conclusion: The conclusion of the research results is that silica, manganese and activated carbon sand filtration media, TDS, manganese (NO2) nitrate and MPN Coliform can effectively reduce water pollution levels in dug wells in accordance with Minister of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2023. So that the risk of infectious and non-communicable diseases can be overcome by the intervention of filtration media filtration of silica sand, manganese and activated carbon.
अयोध्या में संत परम्पराः एक विमर्श
Authors: त्रिपाठी अखिलेश कुमार , पाण्डेय* राघवेन्द्र 
Published: September 2023

अयोध्या मथुरा माया काशी कांची अवन्तिका।
पुरी द्वारावती चैव सप्तैता मोक्षदायिकाः।।
इस श्लोक का सरल अर्थ यह है कि अयोध्या, मथुरा, माया यानी हरिद्वार, काशी, कांचीपुरम, अवंतिका यानी उज्जैन, द्वारिकापुरी ये सातों पवित्र व मोक्षदायीनी पुरियां अर्थात् नगर हैं।
अयोध्या एक नगरी ही नहीं है यह एक धार्मिक नगरी है जहां राजा इक्ष्वाकु से राजा श्रीरामचन्द्र के वंश तक का राज रहा है। अयोध्या एक आध्यात्मिक नगरी है, यहां आध्यात्म के हर पहलुओं का ज्ञान प्राप्त किया जा सकता है। अयोध्या कि बात कि जाय और अयोध्या के संतो की बात ना हो। अगर देखा जाय तो अयोध्या के संत हमेशा की तरह समाज के निर्माण, सृजन, संस्कार के साथ-साथ लोगों को अध्यात्म के प्रति प्रेरित करते रहे हैं और लक्ष्य की ओर अग्रसर भी हैं। अगर अयोध्या के शाब्दिक अर्थ की बात कि जाय तो जिसके साथ युद्ध करना असम्भव हो और जिसे पराजित न किया जा सके।
KULIAH KERJA NYATA: PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT MELALUI KEGIATAN PENDAMPINGAN PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Apriadi Dodi , Nurul Hidayat  , Nizhamuddin AB  , Ahmatang  , Sudarto  
Published: September 2023

Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) merupakan wujud nyata dari tugas dosen dan mahasiswa dalam melaksanakan Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi yakni aspek pengabdian. Melalui kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat desa Sentaban, maka terjadi sinergi antara perguruan tinggi dengan masyarakat sebagai wujud knowledge demokrasi. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah memberikan pemahaman kepada masyarakat setempat tentang pentingnya pendidikan guna membantu pemerintah dalam mencerdaskan anak bangsa. Pengabdian dilakukan melalui kegiatan: Tematik Revolusi Mental, Pendidikan, Pertanian, Agen Edukasi Bankaltimtara, dan Pelestarian Budaya. Hasil pengabdian memberikan gambaran naiknya semangat dan meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat terutama guru dan orang tua tentang pendidikan literasi keuangan orang tua siswa mengenai pentingnya menabung untuk masa depan anak, pentingnya membaca bagi anak, pembuatan media pembelajaran bagi guru, pentingnya cara bertani yang baik dan benar, Pentingnya revolusi mental menuju dengan Program Indonesia Melayani, Indonesia Bersih dan Indonesia Bersih, dan Pentingnya melestarikan kebudayaan yang ada di desa Sentaban.
Reflections of public healthcare nurses during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
Authors: Kelly Jane F. , Glinski Charné Dee , Laurenzi Christina A. , Mangqalaza Hlokoma , Toska Elona , Gittings Lesley , Langwenya Nontokozo , Sidloyi Lulama , Mbiko Amanda , Taleni Babalwa , Saliwe Bongiwe 
Published: September 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has complicated healthcare service provision and access, yet little is known about experiences of public healthcare nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, particularly relating to health services for young people living with HIV. This study qualitatively explores the experiences, challenges and responses of nurses based in public healthcare facilities in the Eastern Cape during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. In-depth, semi-structured telephonic interviews were conducted with nurses (n=13) from public healthcare facilities in a mixed urban-rural health district in the Eastern Cape. Skilled interviewers conducted interviews in English and isiXhosa. Data were analysed thematically in NVivo software using an inductive approach. Findings highlight that the COVID-19 pandemic placed an additional burden on already resource-constrained healthcare facilities, with nurses enduring shortages of basic resources, rapid depletion and delayed restocking of COVID-19-related equipment, and additional strain due to staff shortages. Nurses also experienced daily dilemmas and internal conflicts associated with the pandemic, which affected their health and well-being, and their ability to deliver services. Despite these challenges, they shared a willingness to meet the needs of patients and documented various ways in which they went the extra mile, including forming a response committee to respond to issues arising from COVID-19, tracing patients whose treatment was interrupted, providing their personal contact information to patients, and using the services of local ‘caregivers’ to deliver medication. As the COVID-19 pandemic evolves and continues to create challenges for healthcare service delivery, it is essential that nurses are supported in ways that avoid burnout and empower them to meet the needs of their patients.
The cost-effectiveness of in-patient care for COVID-19: implications for health technology assessment in South Africa
Authors: Cleary Susan , Wilkinson Tommy , Tchuem Cynthia T , Docrat Sumaiyah , Solanki Geetesh 
Published: September 2023

Health technology assessment aims to enable the prioritisation of efficient and equitable services and enhance responsiveness to population preferences. Resting on foundations of distributive and procedural justice, it is a fundamental component of a universal health coverage system. The required decision-making for the COVID-19 response stimulated the demand for evidence-informed processes and provides an opportunity to demonstrate how health technology assessment can be conducted in the South African environment. This chapter contributes to strengthening health technology assessment by reflecting on insights gained from research on the cost-effectiveness of in-patient care for COVID-19. Rapid economic evaluations of in-patient interventions for COVID-19, including intensive care, dexamethasone and remdesivir were conducted. These evaluations aimed to inform urgent health policy decisions related to the COVID-19 response and to demonstrate the use and feasibility of a pragmatic approach to health technology assessment. Costs from the health systems perspective, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted were estimated. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were compared to the estimated marginal productivity of the public health system to gauge cost-effectiveness. Open access models were published to encourage transparency and policy translation. Results indicated that purchasing private sector intensive care was unlikely to be cost-effective, dexamethasone was cost-effective, and remdesivir was cost-saving. Corresponding national policy included a signed service-level agreement to purchase private ICU beds for public patients, and recommendations in favour of dexamethasone and against remdesivir. Policy decisions did not align with findings of two of the three economic evaluations. These analyses and associated policy dissemination demonstrate that health technology assessment need not wait for the perfect system. Rigorous, transparent and rapid economic evaluation to support such assessment for urgent, priority policy decisions can be conducted in the South African context. Institutionalising health technology assessment, including strengthening capacity and funding of analyses, will assist decision-making and sustainability in the National Health Insurance environment.
Experiences of vulnerability of people with disabilities during COVID-19 in South Africa
Authors: Ned Lieketseng , McKinney Emma L , McKinney Vic , Swartz Leslie 
Published: September 2023

People with disabilities are often left behind in emergencies, and this is a risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. With approximately 3.8 million people living with disabilities in South Africa, it is not clear how they were considered during the initial and ongoing stages of strict lockdown. Through an online administered survey study, we explored the experiences of vulnerability among and the impact of COVID-19 on people with disabilities in South Africa. One hundred people completed the survey with closed and open-ended questions to document their experiences related to the first and second lockdowns in South Africa. Vital disability-specific health services were not regarded as ‘essential services’, thus placing people with disabilities at heightened risk. These included the State delivery of medication, as well as services related to sign language, assistive devices and technology, rehabilitation, and therapeutic and developmental interventions. Inadequate disability-specific information on COVID-19 left many people with disabilities and their caregivers with limited information on how to protect themselves. As a result, they experienced heightened fears, anxiety, and worry about contracting the virus, contributing to poor mental health. This growing mental health crisis is likely to burden the already inadequate health system and mental health support structures. Emerging lessons reveal that the right to health of people with disabilities should be protected during the COVID-19 pandemic and similar emergencies. Additional efforts are needed to ensure that pandemic responses are disability-inclusive from the planning stage.
Health committee participation in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic: a shifting picture
Authors: Kannemeyer Natasha , Colvin Christopher J. , Haricharan Hanne 
Published: September 2023

Background Community participation is an important component in disease outbreak management during times of systemic disruption. However, community participation was lacking in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is known that participation at community level faces numerous barriers locally and globally, with efforts towards meaningful participation often being inadequate. The spaces (referring to invented, invited and closed spaces for participation) where participation takes place impact the level and quality of participation. Methods The aim of this chapter is to explore how participation in health committee spaces was affected during the pandemic, and how the relationship between the state (the Western Cape Department of Health (WCDoH)) and health committees evolved during this period. Health committees are linked to primary care facilities and include community representatives, facility managers, and municipal political representatives (ward councillors), functioning as a bridge between community and health facilities. This qualitative study was conducted in three phases. In phases one and three, focus group discussions were held with health committees in two economically marginalised areas in Cape Town, South Africa. Phase two involved a three-month observation of committee activities. Both inductive and deductive content analysis were used to analyse the findings. In the deductive analysis, two conceptual frameworks – Arnstein’s Ladder of Citizen Participation and Gaventa’s notion of invited and invented spaces – were used to interpret the findings. Results During the COVID-19 pandemic, health committees responded to community needs and carried out tasks that the WCDoH failed to do. The Department recognised the limits of its pandemic response and the need for collaboration with community actors. This recognition led to an opening up of previously closed spaces to include health committees in more meaningful forms of participation. While there was an opening up, barriers in these spaces hindered participation. Health committees accordingly expanded their roles and empowered members to include themselves in WCDoH spaces and invent their own spaces for participation. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic illustrated the critical role health committees can play in disease outbreak management. The interplay between invited and invented spaces is highlighted as an important consideration for meaningful participation. Health committees should be actively involved in decision making and implementation processes for participation in invited spaces to be meaningful.