bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rationale and Practical Recommendations for Testing Protocols in Female Soccer: A Narrative Review
Authors: Beato Marco , Datson Naomi , Anderson Liam , Brownlee Thomas , Coates Alex , Hulton Andrew 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Beato, M, Datson, N, Anderson, L, Brownlee, T, Coates, A, and Hulton, A. Rationale and practical recommendations for testing protocols in female soccer: A narrative review. J Strength Cond Res 37(9): 1912–1922, 2023—The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the presented literature on tests (aerobic, speed, changes of direction [COD], strength, power, jump, and anthropometry) of the varied components of female soccer and to draw attention to the most suitable protocols to allow practitioners to accurately track players' fitness status. The 2 most common field tests used to assess aerobic fitness are the Yo-Yo intermittent test (level 1 and level 2) and the 30–15 intermittent fitness test because of an ability to measure multiple players at once with a soccer-specific intermittent profile. The sprinting performance can be assessed on distances of <30 m; however, longer distances (e.g., 40 m) allow for achieving peak speed (flying sprint test), which can be assessed using global navigation satellite system. Changes-of-direction capacity has been found to be an important component of players testing and training programs, although there is no “gold standard” to assess COD or repeated sprint ability performance in female players. Lower-limb power can be assessed using jump tests that can use force platforms, jump mats, and optoelectronic devices, while maintaining a good reliability. Several in-direct tests are currently available for assessing anthropometry parameters, such as skinfold thickness, hydrodensitometry, and ultrasound. However, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry is the most valid and reliable method for assessing body composition in team sport athletes, with the addition of bone health that is a key measure in female athletes. In conclusion, the evidence reported in this review will be able to aid practitioners, coaches, and researchers to decide which tests meet the requirements of their environment.
High-Fidelity Reproduction of Visual Signals by Electrical Stimulation in the Central Primate Retina
Authors: Gogliettino Alex R. , Madugula Sasidhar S. , Grosberg Lauren E. , Vilkhu Ramandeep S. , Brown Jeff , Nguyen Huy , Kling Alexandra , Hottowy Paweł , Dąbrowski Władysław , Sher Alexander , Litke Alan M. , Chichilnisky E. J. 
Published: May 2023

Electrical stimulation of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) with electronic implants provides rudimentary artificial vision to people blinded by retinal degeneration. However, current devices stimulate indiscriminately and therefore cannot reproduce the intricate neural code of the retina. Recent work has demonstrated more precise activation of RGCs using focal electrical stimulation with multielectrode arrays in the peripheral macaque retina, but it is unclear how effective this can be in the central retina, which is required for high-resolution vision. This work probes the neural code and effectiveness of focal epiretinal stimulation in the central macaque retina, using large-scale electrical recording and stimulationex vivo. The functional organization, light response properties, and electrical properties of the major RGC types in the central retina were mostly similar to the peripheral retina, with some notable differences in density, kinetics, linearity, spiking statistics, and correlations. The major RGC types could be distinguished by their intrinsic electrical properties. Electrical stimulation targeting parasol cells revealed similar activation thresholds and reduced axon bundle activation in the central retina, but lower stimulation selectivity. Quantitative evaluation of the potential for image reconstruction from electrically evoked parasol cell signals revealed higher overall expected image quality in the central retina. An exploration of inadvertent midget cell activation suggested that it could contribute high spatial frequency noise to the visual signal carried by parasol cells. These results support the possibility of reproducing high-acuity visual signals in the central retina with an epiretinal implant.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTArtificial restoration of vision with retinal implants is a major treatment for blindness. However, present-day implants do not provide high-resolution visual perception, in part because they do not reproduce the natural neural code of the retina. Here, we demonstrate the level of visual signal reproduction that is possible with a future implant by examining how accurately responses to electrical stimulation of parasol retinal ganglion cells can convey visual signals. Although the precision of electrical stimulation in the central retina was diminished relative to the peripheral retina, the quality of expected visual signal reconstruction in parasol cells was greater. These findings suggest that visual signals could be restored with high fidelity in the central retina using a future retinal implant.
Neuronal Spiking Responses to Direct Electrical Microstimulation in the Human Cortex
Authors: Youssef David , Wittig John H. , Jackson Samantha , Inati Sara K. , Zaghloul Kareem A. 
Published: May 2023

Microstimulation can modulate the activity of individual neurons to affect behavior, but the effects of stimulation on neuronal spiking are complex and remain poorly understood. This is especially challenging in the human brain where the response properties of individual neurons are sparse and heterogeneous. Here we use microelectrode arrays in the human anterior temporal lobe in 6 participants (3 female) to examine the spiking responses of individual neurons to microstimulation delivered through multiple distinct stimulation sites. We demonstrate that individual neurons can be driven with excitation or inhibition using different stimulation sites, which suggests an approach for providing direct control of spiking activity at the single-neuron level. Spiking responses are inhibitory in neurons that are close to the site of stimulation, while excitatory responses are more spatially distributed. Together, our data demonstrate that spiking responses of individual neurons can be reliably identified and manipulated in the human cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOne of the major limitations in our ability to interface directly with the human brain is that the effects of stimulation on the activity of individual neurons remain poorly understood. This study examines the spiking responses of neurons in the human temporal cortex in response to pulses of microstimulation. This study finds that individual neurons can either be excited or inhibited depending on the site of stimulation. These data suggest an approach for modulating the spiking activity of individual neurons in the human brain.
ADAMTS4 Enhances Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Remyelination by Cleaving NG2 Proteoglycan and AttenuatingPDGFRα Signaling
Authors: Jiang Chunxia , Qiu Wanwan , Yang Yingying , Huang Hao , Dai Zhong-min , Yang Aifen , Tang Tao , Zhao Xiaofeng , Qiu Mengsheng 
Published: May 2023

Although NG2 is known to be selectively expressed in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) for many years, its expressional regulation and functional involvement in oligodendrocyte differentiation have remained elusive. Here, we report that the surface-bound NG2 proteoglycan can physically bind to PDGF-AA and enhances PDGF receptor alpha (PDGFRα) activation of downstream signaling. During differentiation stage, NG2 protein is cleaved by A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs type 4 (Adamts4), which is highly upregulated in differentiating OPCs but gradually downregulated in mature myelinating oligodendrocytes. Genetic ablation ofAdamts4gene impedes NG2 proteolysis, leading to elevated PDGFRα signaling but impaired oligodendrocyte differentiation and axonal myelination in both sexes of mice. Moreover,Adamts4deficiency also lessens myelin repair in adult brain tissue following Lysophosphatidylcholine-induced demyelination. Thus,Adamts4could be a potential therapeutic target for enhancing oligodendrocyte differentiation and axonal remyelination in demyelinating diseases.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNG2 is selectively expressed in OPCs and downregulated during differentiation stage. To date, the molecular mechanism underlying the progressive removal of NG2 surface proteoglycan in differentiating OPCs has been unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that ADAMTS4 released by differentiating OPCs cleaves surface NG2 proteoglycan, attenuates PDGFRα signaling, and accelerates oligodendrocyte differentiation. In addition, our study also suggests ADAMTS4 as a potential therapeutic target for promoting myelin recovery in demyelinating diseases.
Disinhibition of Mesolimbic Dopamine Circuit by the Lateral Hypothalamus Regulates Pain Sensation
Authors: Ma Yu , Zhao Weinan , Chen Dandan , Zhou Dongyu , Gao Yihong , Bian Yixin , Xu Yuqing , Xia Sun-Hui , Fang Tantan , Yang Jun-Xia , Song Lingzhen , Liu He , Ding Hai-Lei , Zhang Hongxing , Cao Jun-Li 
Published: May 2023

Our recent study demonstrated the critical role of the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) circuit and its brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) signaling in mediating neuropathic pain. The present study aims to investigate the functional role of GABAergic inputs from the lateral hypothalamus (LH) to the ventral tegmental area (VTA; LHGABA→VTA) in regulating the mesolimbic DA circuit and its BDNF signaling underlying physiological and pathologic pain. We demonstrated that optogenetic manipulation of the LHGABA→VTA projection bidirectionally regulated pain sensation in naive male mice. Optogenetic inhibition of this projection generated an analgesic effect in mice with pathologic pain induced by chronic constrictive injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve and persistent inflammatory pain by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Trans-synaptic viral tracing revealed a monosynaptic connection between LH GABAergic neurons and VTA GABAergic neurons. Functionally,in vivocalcium/neurotransmitter imaging showed an increased DA neuronal activity, decreased GABAergic neuronal activity in the VTA, and increased dopamine release in the NAc, in response to optogenetic activation of the LHGABA→VTA projection. Furthermore, repeated activation of the LHGABA→VTA projection was sufficient to increase the expression of mesolimbic BDNF protein, an effect seen in mice with neuropathic pain. Inhibition of this circuit induced a decrease in mesolimbic BDNF expression in CCI mice. Interestingly, the pain behaviors induced by activation of the LHGABA→VTA projection could be prevented by pretreatment with intra-NAc administration of ANA-12, a TrkB receptor antagonist. These results demonstrated that LHGABA→VTA projection regulated pain sensation by targeting local GABAergic interneurons to disinhibit the mesolimbic DA circuit and regulating accumbal BDNF release.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system and its brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) signaling have been implicated in pain regulation, however, underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The lateral hypothalamus (LH) sends different afferent fibers into and strongly influences the function of mesolimbic DA system. Here, utilizing cell type- and projection-specific viral tracing, optogenetics,in vivocalcium and neurotransmitter imaging, our current study identified the LHGABA→VTA projection as a novel neural circuit for pain regulation, possibly by targeting the VTA GABA-ergic neurons to disinhibit mesolimbic pathway-specific DA release and BDNF signaling. This study provides a better understanding of the role of the LH and mesolimbic DA system in physiological and pathological pain.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF TAQLĪD AND FANATICISM TO THE FALLACY AND TRUTH PERCEPTION OF IJTIHĀD
Authors: Asar A.K.  
Published: May 2023

This study attempts to shed light on the relationship of taqlīd and fanaticism to the fallacy and truth perception of ijtihād. Looking at the meaning of taqlīd and fanaticism; the researcher finds that there is strong relationship of taqlīd and fanaticism to the two main schools of thought known as “al-takhṭiaћ” [fallacy perception of ijtihād] and “al-taṣwīb” [truth perception of ijtihād]. Both opinions have caused taqlīd and fanaticism to preferred madzhāhib; moreover the “al-takhṭiaћ” school of thought which has negative impact on Islāmic nation, as it necessitates constant conflict between Muslims: common people, as well as among scholars who do not achieve the level of ijtihād. At the end, the researcher has concluded that the more appropriate and correct view is that all mujtahids who have did their best, are correct in their ijtihād; however the truth is only with one of them, not all of them.
Elevated serum trimethylamine oxide levels as potential biomarker for diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Huang Yinqiong , Zhu Zhaozhao , Huang Zhiqin , Zhou Jingxiong 
Published: May 2023

Background
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become a major cause of chronic kidney disease. However, early diagnosis of DKD is challenging. Trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) is an intestinal microbial metabolite which might be associated with diabetes complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between TMAO and DKD.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 108 T2DM patients and 33 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Multiple logistic regression analyses and area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) were performed to evaluate the correlation between serum TMAO and DKD.

Results
Serum TMAO levels were significantly higher in DKD patients than healthy control group and the NDKD (T2DM without combined DKD) group (P < 0.05). TMAO levels were negatively correlated with eGFR and positively correlated with urea nitrogen, ACR and DKD (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that serum TMAO was one of the independent risk factors for DKD patients (P < 0.05). In the diagnostic model, the AUROC of TMAO for the diagnosis of DKD was 0.691.

Conclusion
Elevated levels of serum TMAO levels were positively associated with the risk of DKD in T2DM patients, which might be a potential biomarker for DKD.
Abnormal thyroid function: an unusual presentation of pituitary stalk interruption syndrome
Authors: Steen Erica A , Patterson Mary E , Rivera-Vega Michelle , Phillips Susan A 
Published: May 2023

Summary
An 11-year-old girl with past medical history of septic shock and multi-organ failure at age 5 presented to her primary care doctor with concern for pallor of the lips. Laboratory studies demonstrated low free thyroxine (T4) and normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). A referral to endocrinology was made where the patient was evaluated, and laboratory evaluation was repeated. The patient was asymptomatic and clinically euthyroid with a height consistent with her mid-parental height and was in mid- to late-puberty. The repeated laboratory evaluation demonstrated a pattern suggestive of primary hypothyroidism with low free T4 and an elevated TSH. However, the magnitude of elevation of TSH was less than expected, given the degree of lowering of free T4; therefore, central hypothyroidism was considered. Workup was initiated, and laboratory studies and MRI imaging confirmed an underlying diagnosis of panhypopituitarism in the setting of pituitary stalk interruption syndrome.

Learning points

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome is a rare but important cause of panhypopituitarism.

Central hypothyroidism should be suspected in patients with low free thyroxine with an inappropriate degree of elevation of thyroid-stimulating hormone.

Workup of central hypothyroidism should include multi-pituitary hormone assessment, and, if evident, MRI imaging should be done.

Adrenal insufficiency should be suspected in a hypotensive, critically ill patient who is failing to improve on standard-of-care therapy.
Silent intrathyroid parathyroid carcinoma
Authors: Kim Ekaterina , Bondarenko Ekaterina , Eremkina Anna , Nikiforovich Petr , Mokrysheva Natalia 
Published: May 2023

Summary
A 59-year-old male presented with an accidental thyroid mass in 2022. Ultrasound and CT scan showed a nodule 5.2 × 4.9 × 2.8 cm (EU-TIRADS 4) in the right lobe of the thyroid gland. Taking into account the results of the fine needle aspiration biopsy (Bethesda V), intrathyroid localization, and absence of clinical symptoms, a malignant tumor of the thyroid gland was suspected. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy using fluorescence angiography with indocyanine green, and two pairs of intact parathyroid glands were visualized in typical localization. Unexpected histological and immunohistochemistry examinations revealed parathyroid carcinoma. Due to the asymptomatic course of the disease and atypical localization of parathyroid tumor, primary hyperparathyroidism was not suspected before the surgery. The diagnosis of asymptomatic intrathyroid parathyroid cancer is a serious diagnostic challenge for a wide range of specialists.

Learning points

Parathyroid cancer is a rare disease that may be asymptomatic.

Intrathyroidal localization of parathyroid carcinoma is casuistic and challenging for diagnosis, and the treatment strategy is not well defined.

Preoperative parathyroid hormone and serum calcium testing are recommended for patients with solid thyroid nodules (Bethesda IV–V).
Outpatient Antibiotic Use is Not Associated with an Increased Risk of First-Time Symptomatic Kidney Stones
Authors: Thongprayoon Charat , Vaughan Lisa E. , Barreto Erin F. , Mehta Ramila A. , Koo Kevin , Schulte Phillip J. , Lieske John C. , Rule Andrew D. 
Published: May 2023

Significance Statement
Antibiotics modify human microbiomes and may contribute to kidney stone risk. In a population-based case-control study using 1247 chart-validated first-time symptomatic kidney stone formers and 4024 age- and sex-matched controls, the risk of kidney stones was transiently higher during the first year after antibiotic use. However, this risk was no longer evident after adjustment for comorbidities and excluding participants with prior urinary symptoms. Findings were consistent across antibiotic classes and the number of antibiotic courses received. This suggests that antibiotics are not important risk factors of kidney stones. Rather, kidney stones when they initially cause urinary symptoms are under-recognized, resulting in antibiotic use before a formal diagnosis of kidney stones (i.e., reverse causality).

Background
Antibiotics modify gastrointestinal and urinary microbiomes, which may contribute to kidney stone formation. This study examined whether an increased risk of a first-time symptomatic kidney stone episode follows antibiotic use.

Methods
A population-based case-control study surveyed 1247 chart-validated first-time symptomatic kidney stone formers with a documented obstructing or passed stone (cases) in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 2008 to 2013 and 4024 age- and sex-matched controls. All prescriptions for outpatient oral antibiotic use within 5 years before the onset of symptomatic stone for the cases and their matched controls were identified. Conditional logistic regression estimated the odds ratio (OR) of a first-time symptomatic kidney stone across time after antibiotic use. Analyses were also performed after excluding cases and controls with prior urinary tract infection or hematuria because urinary symptoms resulting in antibiotic prescription could have been warranted because of undiagnosed kidney stones.

Results
The risk of a symptomatic kidney stone was only increased during the 1-year period after antibiotic use (unadjusted OR, 1.31; P = 0.001), and this risk was attenuated after adjustment for comorbidities (OR, 1.16; P = 0.08). After excluding cases and controls with prior urinary symptoms, there was no increased risk of a symptomatic kidney stone during the 1-year period after antibiotic use (unadjusted OR, 1.04; P = 0.70). Findings were consistent across antibiotic classes and the number of antibiotic courses received.

Conclusions
The increased risk of a first-time symptomatic kidney stone with antibiotic use seems largely due to both comorbidities and prescription of antibiotics for urinary symptoms. Under-recognition of kidney stones that initially cause urinary symptoms resulting in antibiotic use may explain much of the perceived stone risk with antibiotics (i.e., reverse causality).
Auditing Road Maintenance Work Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors:   Civil Engineering Programme,Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia, Mohd Safie Aimi Nadira , Abdul Maulud Khairul Nizam ,   Smart and Sustainable Township Research Centre,  Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia, Jaafar Othman ,   Smart and Sustainable Township Research Centre,  Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia, Wan Mohd Jaafar Wan Shafrina ,   Earth Observation Centre, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia, Ab Rahman Abdul Aziz ,   Earth Observation Centre, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia, Arif Faiz ,   Earth Observation Centre, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia, Mukhlisin Muhammad ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Semarang, JI. Prof. Sudarto, SH. Tembalang,  Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
Published: May 2023

Road maintenance works performed by contractors require validation upon completion. Conventional methods are typically chosen to validate the works. Geographic Information System (GIS) is applied in this study to produce accurate data such that waste from road maintenance costs can be minimised. In this study, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was used to observe the images of two roads, namely Jalan Gelanggang and Jalan Temuan, both of which are under maintenance at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The objectives of this study are; to determine the ability of UAV technology in supervision and verification of maintenance works, and the effectiveness of spatial works in road maintenance. This study then proceeds with analysing data by using ArcGIS and AutoCAD software to determine the width, perimeter, and area of the road that has been maintained. Comparisons were made between these two data which are the data that has been claimed and provided by the contractors (as-built data) and images data of the UAV whenever to get the percentage of the difference for several features of the road. Results from this study showed that the value for width, perimeter, and area of the as-built data for both roads are greater than the value of the image where the UAV data show percentage differences of shape area for Jalan Gelanggang is 3.27% and for perimeter is 1.35%. While percentage differences of shape area are for Jalan Temuan is 4.83% and for perimeter is 2.44%. Therefore, if UAV is used for work validation, the total saving on road maintenance work costs are saved at least RM 6,386.28 for Jalan Gelanggang and RM 5,775.24 for Jalan Temuan.