bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review to assess the use of psilocybin in the treatment of headaches
Authors: Bhanot S. , Lin M. C. Q. , Bains S. , Monroe A. , Tsang V. W. L. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionPsilocybin is a naturally occurring psychedelic compound whose effects have been seen in studies for treatment of depression, anxiety and pain management. Given its structural similarities to 5-hydroxytryptamine, a monoamine controlling brain modulation of pain input, preliminary studies sought to test serotonergic interactions of psilocybin with headaches.ObjectivesExplore efficacy of psilocybin as treatment for individuals with headaches, including migraines, essential headaches, cluster headaches and unclassified head pains.MethodsStudies were found from six major databases, with inclusion criteria consisting of participants with any type of headache using psilocybin as a treatment. Each study was independently screened by two reviewers at two stages, with inconsistencies reviewed by a third, senior reviewer.ResultsThe systematic review evaluated eight articles. Benefits of macrodosing were explored in one study which reported higher levels of pain relief in comparison to microdosing and conventional pain medications. Top benefits of microdosing as reported by participants included convenience, perceived safety and reduced side effects when compared to hallucinogenic doses of psilocybin. Participants across five studies reported improvements to their headaches as characterized by changes in frequency, intensity, duration and remission period. Reported improvements were clinically significant in the six studies and statistically significant in three papers. With psilocybin intervention, two studies reported a decrease in headache attack frequency, three studies reported a decrease in intensity, and one study indicated a decrease in duration. The greatest benefit reported was for psilocybin taken during a remission period, with the average length of that remission period between headaches extending for 91% of participants. One study focused on the dosages of psilocybin in relation to its efficacy, indicating that there was more headache pain relief amongst macrodosers, with a difference of 12.3% of participants experiencing pain reduction 3 days after dosage in comparison to microdosers. 18% of participants who experienced essential headaches also experienced hallucinations as a result of ingested psilocybin. Others showed a temporary increase in symptoms of anxiety and pain - 5.3% with microdosing and 14.1% macrodosing. One study observed an increase in average arterial pressure after ingestion.ConclusionsSix of eight screened papers showed that psilocybin was clinically significant in the treatment of headaches as captured through self-reports. While the first controlled study for psilocybin use for headaches was detailed in this study, psilocybin remains illegal in many countries, presenting a need for further regulated research.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
The pathogenesis of formal thought disorder – towards an integrative view
Authors: Dornelles E. , Telles-Correia D. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionFormal Thought Disorder (FTD) is a cluster of symptoms and signs, and can be summarized as a multidimensional construct, reflecting idiosyncrasies in thought, language, and communication in general. The inquiry into its etiology is complicated by the ambiguity of the construct itself, and many theories regarding its pathogenesis have been put forward. Two main neurocognitive models, however, have been garnering attention in mainstream FTD research: the “dyssemantic” and the “dysexecutive” hypotheses. These concepts have been classically pitted out against each other as mutually exclusive, but recent studies have proposed a more integrative view.ObjectivesIn this presentation, we aim to explore the two main models for explaining FTD pathogenesis, and to show how an integrative model which accounts for both the dyssemantic and dysexecutive deficits seen in patients with FTD might be better at explaining its etiology.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of the available literature according the PRISMA 2020 statement. We began by researching the Pubmed and Cochrane databases using the following search string: ((“Formal thought disorder*”[Title/Abstract]) AND (dysexecutive[Title/Abstract])) OR ((“Formal thought disorder*”[Title/Abstract]) AND (dyssemantic[Title/Abstract])) OR ((“Formal thought disorder*”[Title/Abstract]) AND (pathogenesis[Title/Abstract])) OR ((“Formal thought disorder*”[Title/Abstract]) AND (etiology[Title/Abstract])). 20 articles were retrieved, along with 2 ongoing trials. We screen for a total of 12 included articles. We also included 17 articles from citation searching, resulting in a final count of 29 included articles. We then summarized the main findings.ResultsTwo influential hypotheses explaining the neurocognitive pathogenesis of different FTD symptom are the “dyssemantic” and “dysexecutive” hypotheses. The “dyssemantic” model emphasizes abnormalities in language-processing related brain regions and functional networks. Some studies suggest that the dysfunctions might involve higher-order semantics and the syntactic component. The “dysexecutive” hypothesis suggests that impaired planning and monitoring might lead to poorly formulated or prone-to-error speech. Recent studies, however, have suggested that FTD might be related to a combination of both executive dysfunction and impaired semantic processing, which would then combine in different proportions and yield the different FTD manifestations.ConclusionsWhile disfunctions in both semantic and executive cognitive faculties have been independently explored as potential explanations for the pathogenesis of FTD, a more integrative picture has surfaced in recent research. It proposes that FTD might actually be the reflections of a combination of different proportions of disfunctions in the executive and/or linguistic processes. More research is needed, with better defined FTD dimensions, in order to further explore this model.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
External and Internal Shame in people with migraines
Authors: Georgiadis I. , Fountas K. , Malli F. , Dragioti E. , Gouva M. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionMigraine often leads to reduction of social power and prestige of the patients, hence leading further emotions of shame.ObjectivesExploring the role of external and internal shame in people with migraines.MethodsThe sample consisted of 180 people, more specifically 140 people from the general population and 40 people who have been diagnosed with migraine and receiving treatment for migraine, who completed the following questionnaires voluntarily and anonymously: a) Migraine Experience Questionnaire and Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6), b) the Other As Shamer scale (OAS) c) the Experience of Shame Scale (ESS), and socio-demographic and self-reported questionnaire.ResultsPatients scored higher level external Shame (OAS) rates (31.28 ± 6.98) than people from the general population who scored lower external Shame (OAS) rates (16.89 ± 10.00) with a statistically significant difference between them (p = 0.000). Also, patients scored lower-level internal shame (ESS) rates (45.58 ± 6.91) than people from the general population who scored higher internal shame (ESS) rates (53.36 ± 15.62) with a statistically significant difference between them (p = 0.003).ConclusionsPatients with symptoms of migraine show statistically higher level of external shame and lower level of internal shame and further study is considered necessary.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Diagnostic stability of 346 patients with borderline personality disorder based on retrospective clinical records
Authors: Henriques-Calado J. , Schumacher M. M. , Gama Marques J. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionState-of-the-art research highlights that borderline personality disorder have high rates of comorbid Axis I disorders, which imply uncertainty in establishing an accurate diagnosis and can be some of the most challenging patients for clinicians and researchers.ObjectivesThis study seeks to observe the diagnostic stability in borderline personality disorder patients, in order to increase empirical knowledge through a retrospective look at the historical line of diagnoses.MethodsA twenty-year retrospective study at a psychiatric hospital, searching at the electronic clinical records for all patients with borderline personality disorder diagnosis, under the code 301.83 from World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (WHO ICD9). A 346 patients’ sample was identified aged between 18 and 83 years (Mage=44.14 years, SD=11.18; predominantly female 73.70%; Mschooling=9.31years; Madmissions=4.72times, SD=9.21; 2nd-5th comorbid diagnosis, a 75.72% sample with three diagnosis); excluding organic cerebral syndrome and no comorbidity besides drug abuse, or no comorbidity at all.ResultsAs a general observation, the following diagnoses are indicated: 44.09% major depressive disorder, 33.16% affective disorder, 13.05% schizophrenia, and 9.70% mania. As a spectrums disorders analysis (Figure 1), differential percentage occurrences are identified in patients with borderline personality disorder.Image:ConclusionsBased on clinical diagnoses records of borderline personality disorder patients, some spectrums disorders are highlighted, to be reported in descending order of incidence: depressive, affective, schizoaffective and schizophrenia spectrums.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
An empirical staging model for schizophrenia using machine learning
Authors: Clara M.-C. , Sánchez-Lasheras F. , García-Fernández A. , González-Blanco L. , Sáiz P. A. , Bobes J. , García-Portilla M. P. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionOne of the great challenges still to be achieved in schizophrenia is the development of a staging model that reflects the progression of the disorder. The previous models suggested have been developed from a theoretical point of view and do not include objective variables such as biomarkers, physical comorbidities, or self-reported subjective variables (Martinez-Cao et al. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12(1) 1-11).ObjectivesDevelop a multidimensional staging model for schizophrenia based on empirical data.MethodsNaturalistic, cross-sectional study. Sample: 212 stable patients with Schizophrenia (F20). Assessments: ad hoc questionnaire (demographic and clinical information); psychopathology: PANSS, CDS, OSQ, CGI-S; functioning: PSP; cognition: MATRICS; laboratory tests: C-Reactive Protein (CRP), IL-1RA, IL-6, Platelets/Lymphocytes (PLR), Neutrophils/Lymphocytes (NLR), and Monocytes/Lymphocytes (MLR) ratios. Statistical analysis: Variables selection was performed with an ad hoc algorithm developed for this research. The referred algorithm makes use of genetic algorithms (GA) to select those variables that show the best performance for the patients classification according to their global CGI-S. The objective function of the GA maximizes the individuals correct classification of a support vector machines (SVM) model that employs as input variables those given by the GA (Díez-Díaz et al. Mathematics 2021; 9(6) 654). Models performance was assessed with the help of 3-fold cross-validation and these process was repeated 10,000 times for each one of the models assessed.ResultsMean age(SD): 39.5(13.54); men: 63.5%; secondary education: 59.50%. Most patients in our sample had never been married (74.10%), and more than a third received disability benefits due to schizophrenia (37.70%). The mean length of the disease was 11.98(12.02) years. The best SVM model included the following variables: 1)Clinical: number of hospitalizations, positive, negative, depressive symptoms and general psychopathology; 2)Cognition: speed of processing, visual learning and social cognition; 3)Functioning: PSP total score; 4)Biomarkers: PLR, NLR and MLR. This model was executed again 100,000 times applying again 3-fold cross-validation. In 95% of the algorithm executions more than a 53.52% of the patients were classfied in the right CGI-S category. On average the right classification was of 61.93%. About specificity and sensitivity the average values obtained were of 0.85 and 0.64 respectively.ConclusionsOur staging model is a robust method that appropriately distributes patients according to the severity of the disorder. Highlights the importance of clinical, functional and cognitive factors to classify patients. Finally, the inflammatory parameters PLR, NLR and MLR have also emerged as potential biomarkers for staging schizophrenia.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Social inclusion: a fundamental PROM for evaluating recovery-oriented global mental health programmes
Authors: Puschner B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSocial inclusion is a multidimensional concept, referring to ample participation in key social, cultural, economic and political activities. Since the turn of the century, social inclusion has become a guiding principle in policy recommendations of many international (United Nations, WHO, EU) and national bodies, aiming to improve the lives of people with mental ill-health. More recently, social inclusion has been increasingly used as an outcome measure, to test the effectiveness of complex interventions, especially in the field of global mental health.This presentation will focus on: (1) current definitions and controversies in research on social inclusion for and with people with mental ill-health; (2) measuring social inclusion; and (3) the evidence-base of interventions to improve social inclusion. Special attention will be given to recovery-oriented interventions in global mental health such as peer support.In summary, over the last years, impressive conceptual and methodological advances have been made to transform policy rhetoric into meaningful and effective interventions. However, challenges remain, including consensus on culturally appropriate measurement of social inclusion, and balancing the roles and responsibilities of all stakeholders (service users, mental health service providers, wider society) across the entire exclusion-inclusion continuum to promoting social inclusion and mental health.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Collaborating with the people who experience psychosis: From subjects to partners
Authors: Semenova N. D. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionDespite the critical role of motivation in psychosocial treatment and rehabilitation, as well as functional outcomes in schizophrenia, service user voices are not always present in setting research agendas on this topic. This is important since the service user’s involvement in the research process helps prioritize research questions (Wykes et al., 2015).ObjectivesWe have begun a consultation process to bridge the gap between research and practice on ‘motivation in schizophrenia.’ The study’s main objective was to produce the means to increase motivation in schizophrenia from the perspective of users.MethodsIn the current study, we asked the service users about the priorities for ‘motivation and schizophrenia’ research and also suggested involving service users in research itself as partners. Expert Panels with peer leaders previously involved in psychosocial rehabilitation programs took place. A total of 12 Panels (group meetings) were held during the year with three users (schizophrenia spectrum outpatients) aged 45, 47, and 50, male. The reports were analysed using content analysis to generate main themes and findings (Braun & Clarke, 2006).ResultsThe users’ elements of motivation may differ from organizationally defined ones; this may be related to different opinions and ethical standards among clinicians on patients’ autonomy and right to refuse treatment. A discussion of the topics patients have developed to improve the motivation, engagement, and management of patients with schizophrenia in psychosocial treatment and rehabilitation is presented.ConclusionsThe approach successfully generated items for questionnaires that usesr participants declared with a sence of pride in and ownership of. It is, therefore, possible to create measures of motivation that users feel reflect their understanding and experiences. The outcome of this research is that other Russian researchers will be inspired to follow the same patrnership path and encourage service users to participate rather than be subjected to research.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Biomarkers as Proxies for Cognitive Reserve: the role of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in first episode of psychosis
Authors: Magdaleno Herrero R. , Murillo-García N. , Yorca-Ruiz Á. , Neergaard K. , Crespo-Facorro B. , Ayesa-Arriola R. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThe proxies used to compose cognitive reserve (CR) in first episode of psychosis (FEP) have varied in the literature. The development of FEP is linked to the peripheral pathways of the central nervous system (Leboyer et al. Psychopharmacology 2016; 233(9) 1651-60) Furthermore, schizophrenia has been linked to the metabolic system, indicating that alterations in the levels of biological parameters, in particular high-density lipoproteins (HDL) (Gjerde et al. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270(1) 49-58) cause worse global functioning and cognitive impairment (Adamowicz et al. J Clin Med 2020; 9(2) 537). Despite this knowledge, no research has considered the introduction of biomarkers as proxies for CR.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to create a quantifiable and objective CR index that adjusts for the multifactorial nature of FEP.MethodsWe included 668 patients who had FEP and 217 healthy controls who were assessed for sociodemographic information and levels of biological parameters: waist circumference, hypertension and levels of HDL, triglycerides and glucose. The main analyses were multiple regression analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA).ResultsRegression analyses showed that HDL was the top performing biological parameter in a model containing years of education and unemployment (F=11.80; p<0.001) while also outperforming other parameters in a correlation analysis with a composite of the same variables (r= 0.21; p<0.001). In EFA analyses combining all possible components, we found that the most optimal proxies for the composition of biological CR were years of education and HDL. The results using PCA indicated that biological CR would have a greater explanatory power for the phenomenon than classical CR, increasing 7.27% of the explanation for FEP patients and 16.08% for healthy controls.ConclusionsThis article proposes an objective and quantifiable method to measure CR, taking into account endogenous and exogenous factors. This index, introducing biomarkers as proxies could provide a more accurate CR score for FEP patients.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Chemsex behaviours, sexual response and sexual health
Authors: Curto Ramos J. , Azqueta I. , Heredia M. T. , Molina Prado R. , De Ema López I. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThe intentional use of drugs before or during sexual intercourse (chemsex) is a phenomenon of special importance in the MSM (men who have sex with men) population due to its impact on mental, physical and sexual health. Sexual health issues related to chemsex practice have been described such as difficulties in achieving sober sex, erectile dysfunction or problems with sexual desire.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to understand the impact of chemsex on sexual health and sexual response by the participantes of a sexual health program for chemsex users in two Substance Use Disorder Clinics in Madrid.MethodsQualitative research approach. We analyze an anonymous survey with chemsex users with open answer questions about the impact of chemsex practice on sexual response and sexual health. Data analysis was based on thematic analysis of content.ResultsSeveral differences were identifed between chemsex and sober sex. In sober sex it can take longer to feel aroused, sexual desire is more context-dependent and more easyly controled. They connect easily with other people needs when they had sober sex. They described difficulties with consent with some sexual practices when they were on drugs. Shame and guilt was associated with chemsex. They describe more arousal, more independent of the erotic context, longer sexual intercourse and delayed ejaculation when they had sex under the influence of drugs.ConclusionsChemsex is a phenomenon that needs a multidisciplinary approach and mental and sexual health must be taken into account including sexological perspective. Interventions that provide sexual counselling and sexual therapy for chemsex users must be developped.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Is parity a protective factor in depression and IPV?
Authors: Vargas B. R. , Valdez V. , Santana C. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionIPV is a public health issue that is often linked to depression. Parity has often been mentioned as a protective factor against depression and suicide attempts. Despite this, parity in Latin America may not be related to positive outcomes for victims suffering from IPV as the stress of taking care of the children can result in a burden and worsen the symptoms of depression for the victim.ObjectivesDetermine the impact of Parity in victims suffering from IPV and Depression.MethodsA descriptive observational study was conducted, at the main Gender Violence Prosecutor’s office: Florida, Guayaquil-Ecuador. UCSG pre-medical students collected the information using Beck test for Depression. The total sample was 239: 195 women, 44 men. It was classified by groups, gender, marital status, children and severity of depression.ResultsThe data analyzed showed a higher percentage of Depression from IPV when parity is present.Severe Depression: Women with children 57 (29%), 8 men with children (18%). Women without children 22 (11%), men without children 6 (14%).Moderate depression: Women with children 28 (14%), 4 men with children (9%). Women without children 5 (3%), men without children 2 (5%).Mild Depression. Women with children 25 (13%), 7 men with children (16%). Women without children 6 (3%), men without children 2 (5%).ConclusionsAlthough some studies report having children as a protective factor in depression, this did not happen in this study. Financial violence is very common, so the mother does not receive any economic support from the father and has to take care of the children on her own. Social and hormonal factors also play a role, especially in women as they have more children. We believe that mental health clinicians should pay more attention to victims of IPV who have several children, especially in Latin America.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared