bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endlich sein
Authors: Leßmann Astrid , Spielmann Walter 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungIst eine liebevolle Begegnung in einer psychiatrischen Einrichtung überhaupt möglich? Befunde über die aktuelle Situation in Medizin und Pflege sind nicht selten düster, in vielerlei Hinsicht alarmierend. Altbekannte, berechtigte Forderungen stehen auf der Tagesordnung und finden nicht zuletzt auch angesichts anderer gesellschaftlicher Herausforderungen wenig Resonanz. Dass es dennoch, von der breiten Öffentlichkeit meist unbemerkt, im praktischen Tun möglich ist, Menschen bei existenziellen Herausforderungen aufmerksam, liebevoll zur Seite zu stehen, soll stellvertretend für andere psychiatrische Einrichtungen mit einem Beitrag aus einem Tageshospiz deutlich werden. Darüber hinaus möchten wir zeigen, dass allein schon das Da-sein für Menschen in ihrer letzten Lebensphase zu sinnträchtigen Begegnungen führen kann, die auch aus psychotherapeutischer Sicht Beachtung verdienen.
Measurements of beam characteristics on a 70 MeV H− cyclotron system for ISOL beam production
Authors: Kim Jongwon 
Published: July 2023

A 70 MeV H− cyclotron system was commissioned in order to measure the beam characteristics for the isotope separation on line (ISOL) operation in the energies range between 40 and 70 MeV. Using internal beams, the cyclotron magnet was precisely isochronized by applying the Smith-Garren method, achieving a main-coil current margin of 0.2 A for the beam stability. In the center region, beam profiles were measured by a differential radial probe to verify the specified dee voltage of 50 kV, which allows well-defined turn separation. Extracted beams were then used to check the beam line alignment by monitoring beam losses on segmented collimators and measuring variations on beam profiles. We measured transverse emittances of the cyclotron beam at a current of 25 µA by observing the beam profiles with upstream quadrupole strengths varied, which was the first time for this kind of 70 MeV cyclotron. Transmission efficiency along the beam line was measured as above 98% at a current of 100 µA. A temporary beam line was installed in the ISOL area, and we measured beam current distributions using a beam profile monitor shaped by wobbling at 60 Hz at a target location for beam diameters of 2 and 5 cm. A specific current distribution is generally required to reduce the maximum thermal stresses induced on the target. Finally, a maximum beam power of 50 kW was successfully tested at 70 MeV for 6 h.
Gravitational redshift test of EEP with RadioAstron from near Earth to the distance of the Moon
Authors: Nunes N V , Bartel N , Belonenko A , Manucharyan G D , Popov S M , Rudenko V N , Gurvits L I , Cimò G , Molera Calvés G , Zakhvatkin M V , Bietenholz M F 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Einstein Equivalence Principle (EEP) is a cornerstone of general relativity and predicts the existence of gravitational redshift. We report on new results of measuring this shift with RadioAstron (RA), a space very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) spacecraft launched into an evolving high eccentricity orbit around Earth with geocentric distances reaching 353 000 km. The spacecraft and ground tracking stations at Pushchino, Russia, and Green Bank, USA, were each equipped with a hydrogen maser frequency standard allowing a possible violation of the predicted gravitational redshift, in the form of a violation parameter ɛ, to be measured. By alternating between RA’s frequency referencing modes during dedicated sessions between 2015 and 2017, the recorded downlink frequencies can essentially be corrected for the non-relativistic Doppler shift. We report on an analysis using the Doppler-tracking frequency measurements made during these sessions and find

ε
=
(
2.1
±
3.3
)
×

10

−
4

. We also discuss prospects for measuring ɛ with a significantly smaller uncertainty using instead the time-domain recordings of the spacecraft signals and envision how 10−7 might be possible for a future space VLBI mission.
Comparative study of droplet and liquid film velocities in sprays
Authors: Machado D A , Costa F S , Andrade J C , Fischer G A A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study presents a comparative analysis of droplet and conical liquid film velocities in sprays by a pressure swirl injector with Abramovich geometric constant K = 1.986. The velocities were measured simultaneously by schlieren image velocimetry and sequential images of the liquid film, using a high-speed camera with 8192 fps and shutter of 2 μs. Other parameters, such as discharge coefficients, spray cone angles and breakup lengths were also determined, using water as test fluid, for injection pressures from 0.05 to 0.5 MPa. Experimental velocity data were compared to results from different semi-empirical equations. The breakup lengths decreased continuously from around 20 mm to 15 mm for injection pressures from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa, while spray cone angles increased continuously from about 42°–53°, for pressures from 0.2 to 0.5 MPa. Mean axial droplet velocities varied from 4.7 m s−1 to 14.5 m s−1, while the mean total droplet velocities varied from 5 m s−1 to 16.2 m s−1 and the total liquid film velocity increased from 5.7 m s−1 to 20.2 m s−1, approximately, for increasing injection pressure. Liquid film velocities were about 15%–28% higher than the droplet velocities in the pressure range considered, due to the energy required for liquid film breakup and the air drag on the droplets. The current findings underscore that significant discrepancies may arise when relying on inadequate velocity data, particularly when employed in the computation of key parameters such as the Reynolds and Weber numbers.
Luminescence imaging of water irradiated by protons under FLASH radiation therapy conditions
Authors: Yogo Katsunori , Kodaira Satoshi , Kusumoto Tamon , Kitamura Hisashi , Toshito Toshiyuki , Iwata Hiromitsu , Umezawa Masumi , Yamada Masashi , Miyoshi Takuto , Komori Masataka , Yasuda Hiroshi , Kataoka Jun , Yamamoto Seiichi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. FLASH radiation therapy with ultrahigh dose rates (UHDR) has the potential to reduce damage to normal tissue while maintaining anti-tumor efficacy. However, rapid and precise dose distribution measurements remain difficult for FLASH radiation therapy with proton beams. To solve this problem, we performed luminescence imaging of water following irradiation by a UHDR proton beam captured using a charge-coupled device camera. Approach. We used 60 MeV proton beams with dose rates of 0.03–837 Gy s−1 from a cyclotron. Therapeutic 139.3 MeV proton beams with dose rates of 0.45–4320 Gy s−1 delivered by a synchrotron-based proton therapy system were also tested. The luminescent light intensity induced by the UHDR beams was compared with that produced by conventional beams to compare the dose rate dependency of the light intensity and its profile. Main results. Luminescence images of water were clearly visualized under UHDR conditions, with significantly shorter exposure times than those with conventional beams. The light intensity was linearly proportional to the delivered dose, which is similar to that of conventional beams. No significant dose-rate dependency was observed for 0.03–837 Gy s−1. The light-intensity profiles of the UHDR beams agreed with those of conventional beams. The results did not differ between accelerators (synchrotron or cyclotron) and beam energies. Significance. Luminescence imaging of water is achievable with UHDR proton beams as well as with conventional beams. The proposed method should be suitable for rapid and easy quality assurance investigations for proton FLASH therapy, because it facilitates real-time, filmless measurements of dose distributions, and is useful for rapid feedback.
Quantitative and selective study of the effect of O radicals on polypropylene surface treatment
Authors: Du Hao , Komuro Atsushi , Ono Ryo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying plasma-polymer surface treatments using atmospheric pressure plasmas can guide their industrial applications. To this end, a novel vacuum ultraviolet photodissociation reactive species supply (VUV PRS) method, which can quantitatively supply the desired type of reactive species to polymer surfaces, was developed in our previous study. In this study, the innovative approach is used to quantitatively study the effects of O radicals on polypropylene (PP) surface treatment. Specifically, water contact angle (WCA), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are used to characterize the surface modification. The results show that the surface treatment is dominated by O radicals under the present experimental conditions. The surface modification rate, characterized by the WCA decline rate, is linearly correlated with the concentration of O radicals, that is (surface modification rate) = (8.1 ± 0.4)[Os] + (0.13 ± 0.02) degrees s−1, where [Os] indicates the density of O radicals at PP surface (in ppm). The ATR-FTIR spectra shows that –OH and C=O functional groups are introduced onto the PP surface after the treatment, which results in a decrease in the WCA of the surface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis shows that the surface morphology of the treated PP remains almost unchanged. Low molecular weight oxidized materials (LMWOMs) on PP surface are generated when the O radical dose that arrives at the PP surface exceeds a certain threshold. More than 60% of the oxygen-containing functional groups exist as LMWOMs when the WCA saturates. The results presented in this paper indicate that the VUV PRS method has the potential to drive the understanding of plasma-polymer surface interactions at the atomic and molecular levels. Moreover, the measured roles of the O radicals on the polymer surface at atmospheric pressure can guide the industrial application of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment.
Hydrothermal synthesis and solar cell application studies of nickel doped zinc oxide nanocomposites
Authors: Mohan Sonima , Vellakkat Mini , Reka U 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Nickel doped zinc oxide nanoparticles are synthesized via a hydrothermal technique at three different temperatures. XRD analysis shows a decrease in grain size with doping at low temperature and an increase in crystallite size at high temperature. Nanoflowers and a mixture of rods and sheets are observed in SEM images. Zinc oxide nanorods wrapped with nickel oxide nano thread and spider web-like structures are clearly visible in TEM micrographs. Doping introduced defects into composites, which enhanced UV and visible absorption. A composite with an excellent photo absorption property and a noted thermal stability is chosen for fabricating solar cell devices by spin coating and doctor blade techniques, which deliver a power conversion efficiency of 3.96% and 2.32% respectively.
Better CO2 utilization under comprehensive control of airflow and electromagnetic field
Authors: Chen Zhuolei , Sun Hao , Wu Wenbin , Chen Bojian , Wu Yi , Jiang Xuxu , Guo Yunshun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The gliding arc plasma is an effective way to convert CO2 into value-added products. In this paper, the promotion of CO2 conversion by the airflow field control and electromagnetic field control of gliding arc is studied. Firstly, the self-electromagnetic field control of gliding arc is studied through the change of current level or electrode spacing. When increasing the current level or electrode spacing, a better conversion effect can be achieved under high flow rate. In addition, through the introduction of external magnetic field, the processing capacity of gliding arc is further improved under the effect of Lorentz force. Based on the multi-dimensional analysis of airflow field control and magnetic field control, it was found that only under the airflow field control plasma reactor, the conversion effect under 3.3 mm electrode spacing and 5 L min−1 flow rate reached the best, and the corresponding conversion rate and energy efficiency were 13.04% and 26.90%, respectively.
Systematic study of the isotopic dependence of heavy-ion fusion cross sections at below- and above-barrier energies
Authors: Gharaei R , Shahraki Farkhonde M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The present work provides a systematic study on the role of nuclear surface tension in the isotopic dependence of the fusion cross sections at below- and above-barrier energies over wide range of neutron content (0.5 < N/Z < 1.7). To realize our goal, we select three different versions of proximity-based potential, involving proximity potential 1977, 1988, and 2010, in order to calculate the nucleus-nucleus potential and ultimately the fusion barrier parameters. It is shown that the barrier positions, heights, and curvatures follow a (second-order) non-linear isotopic behavior with addition of neutrons which are dependent on the effect of variation in the nuclear surface tension. Our findings reveal that the sensitivity of isotopic dependence of the fusion barrier characteristics to the effect of surface energy coefficients γ increases by increasing the asymmetry of the colliding pair. In addition, we demonstrate the sensitivity toward the coefficient γ is seen more clearly from the more neutron-rich nuclei compared to the neutron-deficient ones. We discuss the isotopic dependence of the fusion cross sections at below- and above-barrier energies within the framework of the Wong model for a single potential barrier. For above-barrier energies, it is shown that the fusion cross sections follow an increasing (second-order) non-linear trend due to the addition of neutrons. While a decreasing (second-order) non-linear trend exists for the variation in the fusion cross sections at below-barrier energies. Simultaneous comparison the results obtained by the 3 versions of proximity potential for the isotopic dependence of fusion cross sections in the mentioned energy regions reveal the importance of the quantum tunneling and also nuclear structure effects.
A high-performance biosensor design for waterborne bacteria detection based on one-dimensional photonic crystal
Authors: Zaman Numayer A , Akash Nur A , Nayan Md Faysal 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
One of the global challenges nowadays is detecting and removing the waterborne bacteria from drinking water. In this work, we propose a one-dimensional photonic crystal based on Si/SiO2 layers containing a defect layer in the middle of the structure to detect waterborne bacteria. The findings have been formulated using the transfer matrix method, where the sensor mechanism is based on the variation of the refractive index of different bacteria samples from that of pure water. The impact of various parameters like the angle of incidence, the thickness of the defect layer, and the number of periods of the structure are studied to find the optimized condition. The sensor shows high sensitivity of 2486.57 nm RIU that can detect minimal changes of defect mode peak inside the photonic bandgap of the transmission spectra. Other performance parameters such as the quality factor (5455.70), figure of merit (6262.31 RIU−1), and limit of detection (2.72×10−05 RIU) have also been calculated to get a deeper understanding of the sensor’s capabilities. Therefore, the simplicity and excellent performance make our design efficient for any sensing application as well as fabrication process.
Jump-GRS: a multi-phase approach to structured pruning of neural networks for neural decoding
Authors: Wu Xiaomin , Lin Da-Ting , Chen Rong , Bhattacharyya Shuvra S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. Neural decoding, an important area of neural engineering, helps to link neural activity to behavior. Deep neural networks (DNNs), which are becoming increasingly popular in many application fields of machine learning, show promising performance in neural decoding compared to traditional neural decoding methods. Various neural decoding applications, such as brain computer interface applications, require both high decoding accuracy and real-time decoding speed. Pruning methods are used to produce compact DNN models for faster computational speed. Greedy inter-layer order with Random Selection (GRS) is a recently-designed structured pruning method that derives compact DNN models for calcium-imaging-based neural decoding. Although GRS has advantages in terms of detailed structure analysis and consideration of both learned information and model structure during the pruning process, the method is very computationally intensive, and is not feasible when large-scale DNN models need to be pruned within typical constraints on time and computational resources. Large-scale DNN models arise in neural decoding when large numbers of neurons are involved. In this paper, we build on GRS to develop a new structured pruning algorithm called jump GRS (JGRS) that is designed to efficiently compress large-scale DNN models. Approach. On top of GRS, JGRS implements a ‘jump mechanism’, which bypasses retraining intermediate models when model accuracy is relatively less sensitive to pruning operations. Design of the jump mechanism is motivated by identifying different phases of the structured pruning process, where retraining can be done infrequently in earlier phases without sacrificing accuracy. The jump mechanism helps to significantly speed up execution of the pruning process and greatly enhance its scalability. We compare the pruning performance and speed of JGRS and GRS with extensive experiments in the context of neural decoding. Main results. Our results demonstrate that JGRS provides significantly faster pruning speed compared to GRS, and at the same time, JGRS provides pruned models that are similarly compact as those generated by GRS. Significance. In our experiments, we demonstrate that JGRS achieves on average 9%–20% more compressed models compared to GRS with 2–8 times faster speed (less time required for pruning) across four different initial models on a relevant dataset for neural data analysis.
Influence of charges deposited on membranes of human hyperdirect pathway axons on depolarization during subthalamic deep brain stimulation
Authors: Makaroff Sergey N , Nummenmaa Aapo R , Noetscher Gregory M , Qi Zhen , McIntyre Cameron C , Bingham Clayton S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. The motor hyperdirect pathway (HDP) is a key target in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease with deep brain stimulation (DBS). Biophysical models of HDP DBS have been used to explore the mechanisms of stimulation. Built upon finite element method volume conductor solutions, such models are limited by a resolution mismatch, where the volume conductor is modeled at the macro scale, while the neural elements are at the micro scale. New techniques are needed to better integrate volume conductor models with neuron models. Approach. We simulated subthalamic DBS of the human HDP using finely meshed axon models to calculate surface charge deposition on insulting membranes of nonmyelinated axons. We converted the corresponding double layer extracellular problem to a single layer problem and applied the well-conditioned charge-based boundary element fast multipole method (BEM-FMM) with unconstrained numerical spatial resolution. Commonly used simplified estimations of membrane depolarization were compared with more realistic solutions. Main result. Neither centerline potential nor estimates of axon recruitment were impacted by the estimation method used except at axon bifurcations and hemispherical terminations. Local estimates of axon polarization were often much higher at bifurcations and terminations than at any other place along the axon and terminal arbor. Local average estimates of terminal electric field are higher by 10%–20%. Significance. Biophysical models of action potential initiation in the HDP suggest that axon terminations are often the lowest threshold elements for activation. The results of this study reinforce that hypothesis and suggest that this phenomenon is even more pronounced than previously realized.
Electromagnetic drift wave instability in tokamak plasmas with strong pedestal gradient
Authors: Wei Lai , Ren Guangzhi , Wang Zheng-Xiong , Li Jiquan , Yu Fang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The linear eigenmode characterizations and the nonlinear turbulence energy spreading of the drift waves in a tokamak plasma with strong pedestal gradient are numerically investigated based on an electromagnetic Landau fluid model. By the linear eigenmode analysis, it is found that the dominant instability in the low β regime is the ion-temperature-gradient (ITGc) mode and the electron drift wave instability (eDWI
p
) in the core and edge region with strong density gradient, respectively. Multiple eigenstates of the eDWI
p
with different peak locations in the poloidal direction can be obtained by the eigenvalue problem solver. The dominant one is the high order eDWI
p
corresponding to the unconventional ballooning mode structure with multiple peaks in the poloidal position, in contrast to the conventional modes that peak at the outboard mid-plane, and has been verified through initial value simulation. In the high β regime, the dominant eigenmodes in the core and edge region are the conventional and unconventional kinetic ballooning modes respectively. In the nonlinear simulation, an inward turbulence spreading phenomenon during the quasi-saturation phase of the edge turbulence is clearly observed. The inward speed of the turbulence energy front in the high β regime is much faster than that in the low β regime. It is interestingly found that the speed of the turbulence energy front increases with the increase of the plasma β in the low β regime, while it is almost unchanged in the high β regime. It is identified that the turbulence spreading in the low and high β regimes are determined by the nonlinear dynamics and the linear toroidal coupling respectively.
Trends of Azole Antifungal Prescription in the United States: Medicare Part D Provider Utilization and Payment Data Analysis
Authors: Al-Obaidi Mohanad M , Ostrosky-Zeichner Luis , Nix David E 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Invasive fungal infections carry a substantial risk of mortality and morbidity. Azole antifungals are used in the treatment of such infections; however, their extensive use can lead to the emergence of antifungal resistance and increased costs to patients and healthcare systems. The aim of this study is to evaluate trends in these antifungals use and costs.

Methods
The secular and regional trends of outpatient azole antifungals were analyzed using Medicare Part D Prescriber Public Use Files for the years 2013–2020. The total days supply (TDS), total drug cost (TDC) per 100 000 enrollees, and cost per day (CPD) were evaluated.

Results
The azole antifungal TDS for Medicare Part D enrollees increased by 12% between 2013 and 2020, and increases were noted for each azole. Southern US regions had the highest TDS, with Arizona having the highest TDS among US states in 2020. Cost analysis showed that TDC of all azoles has increased by 93% over the years, going up from $123 316 in 2013 to $238 336 per 100 000 enrollees in 2020. However, CPD showed an increase only for fluconazole and isavuconazole, with CPD of $1.62 per day and $188.30 per day, respectively.

Conclusions
Combined azole antifungal prescriptions TDS increased among Medicare Part D enrollees. The trend in CPD was mixed, whereas overall costs consistently increased over the same period. Such findings provide an insight into the impact of azole antifungal prescriptions, and increasing use could foreshadow more antifungal resistance. Continued studies to evaluate different prescribers’ trends are warranted.