bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intense 2.7 µm emission of Er3+/Pr3+ doped Ga5Ge20Sb10S65 chalcogenide glass
Authors: Liu Quan , Xu Yinsheng , Xia Qi , Li Weiwei , Zhang Xianghua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere are numerous vital usages for mid‐infrared (MIR) lasers in satellite communication, biomedicine, military, remote sensing, and environmental monitoring. In this work, a progression of Er3+ ions doped, Er3+/Pr3+ ions co‐doped Ga5Ge20Sb10S65 glasses were prepared, and their physical performances and structural characteristics were examined. To understand the non‐phonon‐assisted energy transfer mechanism, we recorded the up‐conversion and infrared fluorescence emission spectra by pumping with a commercial 980 nm LD. Then the 2.7 µm strong fluorescence signal intensity can be obtained when the doped concentration of Pr3+ is proper. After the doping of Pr3+, fluorescence lifetime results revealed that the lifetimes of the Er3+:4I13/2 level fell dramatically from 7.33 to 1.90 ms, which experienced a much more significant decrease in lifetimes than the Er3+:4I11/2 level. The MIR fluorescence performances were assessed by the determined J–O parameters and relative emission cross sections. Additionally, the generally huge emission cross sections and the small pump energy show that it is possible to obtain population inversion with relatively small pump energy; thus the Er3+/Pr3+ glasses have great potential to be 2.7 µm laser materials.
Ventricular pacing burden in patients with left bundle branch block after transcatheter aortic valve replacement therapy
Authors: Serban Teodor , Knecht Sven , du Lavallaz Jeanne du Fay , Nestelberger Thomas , Kaiser Christoph , Leibundgut Gregor , Osswald Stefan , Schaer Beat , Sticherling Christian , Kühne Michael , Badertscher Patrick 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionElectrophysiological testing has been proposed in the latest European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for cardiac pacing to identify left bundle branch block (LBBB) patients with infrahisian conduction delay (IHCD) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). While in general IHCD is defined by a His‐ventricular (HV) interval of >55 ms, a cut‐off of ≥70 ms to trigger pacemaker (PM) implantation has been proposed in the latest ESC guidelines. The ventricular pacing (VP) burden during follow‐up in such patients is largely unknown. As such, we aimed to assess the VP burden during follow‐up of patients receiving PM therapy for LBBB after TAVR based on an HV interval > 55 ms and ≥70 ms.MethodsAll patients with new‐onset or pre‐existing LBBB after undergoing TAVR at a tertiary referral center underwent EP testing the day after TAVR. In patients with a prolonged HV interval (>55 ms), PM implantation was performed by a trained electrophysiologist in a standardized fashion. All devices were programmed to avoid unnecessary VP by specific algorithms (e.g., AAI‐DDD).Results701 patients underwent TAVR at the University Hospital of Basel. One hundred seventy‐seven patients presented with new‐onset or pre‐existing LBBB the day following TAVR and underwent EP testing. An HV interval > 55 ms was found in 58 patients (33%) and an HV interval ≥ 70 ms in 21 patients (12%). 51 patients (mean age 84 ± 6.2 years, 45% women) agreed to receive a PM, out of which 20 (39%) patients had an HV Interval over 70 ms. Atrial fibrillation was present in 53% of the patients. A dual chamber PM was implanted in 39 (77%), and a single chamber PC in 12 (23%) patients, respectively. Median follow‐up was 21 months. The median VP burden overall was 3%. The median VP burden was not significantly different between patients with an HV ≥ 70 ms (6.5 [0.8−52]) and those with an HV between 55 and 69 ms (2 [0−17], p = .23). 31% of patients demonstrated a VP burden < 1%, 27% 1%−5% and 41% > 5%. The median HV intervals in patients with VP burdens < 1%, 1%−5% and >5% were 66 (IQR 62−70) ms, 66 (IQR 63−74) ms and 68 (IQR 60−72) ms, respectively, p = .52. When only assessing patients with an HV interval 55−69 ms, 36% demonstrated a VP burden of <1%, 29% of 1%−5% and 35% of >5%. In patients with an HV Interval ≥ 70 ms, 25% demonstrated a VP burden < 1%, 25% of 1%−5% and 50% of >5% %, p = .64 (Figure).ConclusionIn patients with LBBB after TAVR and IHCD defined by an HV interval > 55 ms, VP burden is relevant in a non‐negligible amount of patients during follow‐up. Further studies are warranted to define the optimal cut‐off value for the HV interval or to develop risk models incorporating HV measurements and other risk factors to trigger PM implantation in patients with LBBB after TAVR.
Multi‐stakeholder contribution to the identification of a core outcome set and measurements in implant dentistry (ID‐COSM initiative) using the Delphi methodology
Authors: Sanz Mariano , Carrillo de Albornoz Ana , Martín Conchita , Needleman Ian , Tonetti Maurizio S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo obtain input from multiple stakeholders and generate agreement on essential outcomes in implant dentistry using the Delphi methodology and incorporate them into an international consensus defining a core outcome set.Materials and MethodsCandidate outcomes in implant dentistry were generated from scientific evidence through five commissioned systematic reviews and from people with lived experience in dental implants (PWLE) through four international focus groups. A steering committee identified stakeholders among representatives from dental professionals, industry‐related experts and PWLE. Participants underwent a three‐round Delphi survey using a multi‐stakeholder approach; they assessed candidate outcomes and additional outcomes identified in the first Delphi round. The process followed the COMET methodology.ResultsFrom the 665 potential outcomes identified in the systematic reviews and 89 in the PWLE focus group, the steering committee selected 100 and organized them into 13 categories, to be included in the first‐round questionnaire as candidate outcomes. A total of 99 dental experts, 7 dental‐industry‐related experts and 17 PWLE participated in the first round, and 11 additional outcomes were added to the second round. There was no attrition between the first and second rounds, where 61 (54.9%) outcomes exceeded the pre‐established threshold of agreement. PWLE and experts participated in the third round that applied “a priori” standard filters to distil a list of candidate essential outcomes.ConclusionThis Delphi study utilized a standardized, transparent and inclusive methodology and preliminarily validated 13 essential outcomes organized into four core areas. These results informed the final stage of the ID‐COSM consensus.
Flax black spot caused by Alternaria alternata, a new disease afflicting leaves and the exocarps of flax in China
Authors: Zhao Yuanzheng , Jia Xiaoyun , Gao Fengyun , Zhang Lihua , Jin Xiaolei , He Ruichao , Wang Haixia , Zhang Niu , Xu Limin , Zhang Hui , Zhou Yu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFlax black spot was found in Ordos City in 2022, mainly infecting leaves and the exocarps, causing leaves turn yellow and brownish with black leaf tips before drying and damage, and exocarps became brown or black with a layer of black mould which significantly affected the yield and quality. The Y3 and K1 strains from infected leaves and the exocarps were the same pathogen of flax black spot which was identified as Alternaria alternata by morphological characteristics and molecular identification. In the pathogenicity test, A. alternata caused severe black spot on leaves and brown or black exocarps with mould of flax consistent with those observed in the field. The study for pathogenic identification ascertained a new disease of flax in China which lays the foundation for subsequent studies on disease control.
Cannabidiol attenuates periodontal inflammation through inhibiting TLR4/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Chen Hao , Liu Yaqi , Yu Sijing , Li Cheng , Gao Bo , Zhou Xuedong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease involving soft and hard tissue destruction in the periodontal region. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a natural compound isolated from cannabis, which has the effect of inhibiting inflammation. However, the role of CBD in periodontitis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti‐inflammatory effects and osteoprotective actions of CBD in periodontitis and its molecular mechanisms.Materials and MethodsAfter establishing the rat periodontitis model by ligatures, the specimens were processed for morphometric analysis by Micro‐CT. The gingival tissues were collected, and the levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and TLR4 were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. LPS was used to induce the inflammatory response of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) in vitro. QPCR and western blot were carried out to detect the expression of related inflammatory cytokines and signaling pathways.ResultsCannabidiol significantly inhibits bone loss in experimental rat periodontitis models. CBD downregulated the pro‐inflammatory mediator TNF‐α, related to the decrease of TLR4 protein expression. Overexpression of TNF‐α and TLR4 caused by LPS in hPDLCs. CBD inactivated the TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway by inhibiting TLR‐4 expression and p65 NF‐κB phosphorylation. CBD can be considered as a therapeutic agent for periodontitis.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that CBD attenuates ligature‐induced periodontitis in rats and LPS‐induced inflammation in hPDLCs by inhibiting TLR4/NF‐κB pathway activation. It indicates that topical CBD application is effective in treating periodontitis.
Improved system for measuring rheological properties of thickened liquid using an inclined parallel plate and optical sensor
Authors: Yasuda Toshitaka , Shimokasa Kenji 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to improve the method of using an inclined parallel plate (IPP) in directly estimating the yield stress and evaluating the properties of a thickened liquid. The flow curve of the relationship between the shear rate and shear stress of a liquid thickened with a xanthan gum agent was predicted using the Herschel–Bulkley fluid model (). We supposed that the yield stress and the result of a line spread test (LST) indicate the deformation state and the flow state of shear stress (), respectively. , the yield stress estimated adopting a rotational viscometer and LST, was investigated for three liquids thickened with xanthan gum at four concentrations (C) at intervals of 0.5 wt% within the range 0.5–2.0 wt%. Linear plots of the relations of versus and and the LST show that with an increase in , the resistance force ( and ) increases until flow starts, after which viscosity increases. We suggest that yield stress estimated with the IPP method effectively indicates the rheological properties of thickened liquids.
Closed‐loop ventilation in COVID‐19 patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure—A case series
Authors: Buiteman‐Kruizinga Laura A. , van der Heiden Pim L. J. , Paulus Frederique , Schultz Marcus J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundINTELLiVENT‐adaptive support ventilation (ASV) is an automated closed‐loop mode of invasive ventilation for use in critically ill patients. INTELLiVENT‐ASV automatically adjusts, without the intervention of the caregiver, ventilator settings to achieve the lowest work and force of breathing.AimsThe aim of this case series is to describe the specific adjustments of INTELLiVENT‐ASV in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, who were intubated for invasive ventilation.Study designWe describe three patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) because of COVID‐19 who received invasive ventilation in our intensive care unit (ICU) in the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsINTELLiVENT‐ASV could be used successfully, but only after certain adjustments in the settings of the ventilator. Specifically, the high oxygen targets that are automatically chosen by INTELLiVENT‐ASV when the lung condition ‘ARDS’ is ticked had to be lowered, and the titration ranges for positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) and inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) had to be narrowed.ConclusionsThe challenges taught us how to adjust the ventilator settings so that INTELLiVENT‐ASV could be used in successive COVID‐19 ARDS patients, and we experienced the benefits of this closed‐loop ventilation in clinical practice.Relevance to clinical practiceINTELLiVENT‐ASV is attractive to use in clinical practice. It is safe and effective in providing lung‐protective ventilation. A closely observing user always remains needed. INTELLiVENT‐ASV has a strong potential to reduce the workload associated with ventilation because of the automated adjustments.
Drought‐Reliefs and Partisanship
Authors: Boffa Federico , Cavalcanti Francisco , Fons‐Rosen Christian , Piolatto Amedeo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe combine a model of symmetric information with selfish and office‐motivated politicians and a Regression Discontinuity Design analysis based on close municipal elections to study partisan bias in the allocation of drought aid relief in Brazil. We identify a novel pattern of distributive politics whereby partisan bias materialises only before municipal elections, while it disappears before presidential elections. Furthermore, before mayoral elections, it fades for extreme (high or low) aridity levels while persisting for moderate levels. Our empirical results show that in this case alignment increases the probability of receiving aid relief by a factor of two (equivalent to 18.1 percentage points).
Bone‐to‐Bone Ligament Preserving Laminoplasty with Ultrasonic Osteotome Assistance for Intraspinal Tumors: A Technical Note and Clinical Follow‐Up
Authors: Rong Hongtao , Li Sipeng , Zhang Ruiguang , Zheng Bowen , Diao Yuhang , Zhu Tao 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveLaminectomy has been widely used for intraspinal tumor resection. However, the tilted spinous process and narrow lateral laminae of the thoracic spine along with the hypertrophic ligamentum flavum of the lumbar spine pose certain problems for the laminae removal of the traditional laminectomy. We improved the laminectomy method with ultrasonic osteotome to treat thoracolumbar tumors and assessed its safety and superiority.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed in 86 patients with thoracolumbar (T4–L5) spinal tumors treated by resection, including 44 with the lamina removed using the traditional method and 42 with the lamina removed using the bone‐to‐bone ligament preserving (BLP) laminoplasty, which preserves the posterior ligament complex. Age, sex, and tumor size, location, and depth were compared between the two groups. The length of incision and bone window, time to remove the vertebral lamina, and epidural effusion volume were recorded at 2 weeks after surgery in the two groups. Postoperative reexamination by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 2 weeks and 3 months after surgery was compared with preoperative MRI to assess the change in vertebral lamina displacement.ResultsThere were no statistical differences in age, sex, and tumor size, depth, or location between the two groups. The BLP laminectomy did not increase the risk of dural, spinal cord, or nerve injuries. The difference between the incision and tumor length, as well as the difference between the bone window and tumor length in the BLP laminectomy group, were smaller than those in the traditional laminectomy group, and the BLP laminectomy took less time compared to that of the traditional laminectomy (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the volume of epidural effusion between the two groups at 2 weeks postoperatively, or in the displacement of the returned vertebral plate observed in sagittal and axial positions. The same was true for the displacement at 3 months postoperatively in the axial position. However, the sagittal displacement in the BLP laminectomy group was smaller than that in the traditional laminectomy group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe BLP laminectomy is safe for the resection of thoracolumbar spinal canal tumors. It is less traumatic and faster, with less displacement of the returned lamina, resulting in a stable repair of the spine.
The vices of naturalist neo‐Aristotelian virtue ethics
Authors: Carr David 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhile the modern revival of virtue ethics largely looks back to Aristotle, most, if not all, versions of this trend continue to be much indebted to and/or based upon specific mid‐twentieth‐century neo‐naturalist and descriptivist critiques of prevailing antinaturalist trends of that time: specifically, upon Anscombe's critique of the ethics of duty and utility and of the so‐called modern moral ought, and Geach's robust defence of the descriptive character of moral and other goodness. However, in the wake of further critical attention to these neo‐naturalist claims, this paper argues that there can ultimately be no reliable or secure logical or empirical grounding of the virtues of inherently normative human moral life and conduct in the goods or virtues of effective or even beneficial natural function.
Improving transitions between clinical placements
Authors: Young Yasmine , Leedham‐Green Kathleen , Jensen‐Martin James 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudents regularly transition between clinical learning environments as they rotate through their clinical placements. These transitions are stressful for learners, as they must navigate unfamiliar policies, people and physical spaces. It is important to reduce cognitive overload at the start of each placement through appropriate inductions. Our governance processes found there was significant variation between induction processes at our affiliated teaching‐hospital sites: our aim was to optimise and standardise these.ApproachWe opted for induction websites for each of our affiliated hospital sites, as these could be dynamically updated and quality assured. Our websites were informed by a conceptual framework of the clinical learning environment and the theory of sociomateriality. We co‐produced them with students and other stakeholders through iterative evaluation and improvement cycles.EvaluationTo elicit end‐user analysis, we conducted three focus groups with 19 students. We used the technology acceptance model to inform our topic guide and coding categories. Students reported that the websites were useful, easy to use, and fulfilled a significant unmet need.ImplicationsInduction websites can be optimised through the involvement of a range of stakeholders and the application of theory. They can be pushed to students before each new placement and used to scaffold in‐person inductions. Further research is needed to explore the wider impacts of improved site inductions on participation and engagement with clinical learning opportunities and on student satisfaction and experience.
Evaluation of the accuracy and intra‐ and interobserver reliability of three manual laxity tests for canine cranial cruciate ligament rupture—An ex vivo kinetic and kinematic study
Authors: Lampart Marina , Park Brian H. , Husi Benjamin , Evans Richard , Pozzi Antonio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the accuracy and intra‐ and interobserver reliability of the cranial drawer test (CD), tibial compression test (TCT), and the new tibial pivot compression test (TPCT) in an experimental setting resembling acute cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) and to elucidate the ability to subjectively estimate cranial tibial translation (CTT) during testing.Study designExperimental ex vivo study.Sample populationTen cadaveric hindlimbs of large dogs.MethodsKinetic and 3D‐kinematic data was collected while three observers performed the tests on each specimen with intact (INTACT) and transected cranial cruciate ligament (CCLD) and compared using three‐way repeated‐measures ANOVA. Subjectively estimated CTT (SCTT), obtained during a separate round of testing, was compared to kinematic data by Pearson correlation.ResultsCTT was significantly higher for CCLD than for INTACT for all tests, resulting in 100% sensitivity and specificity. TPCT induced the highest CTT and internal rotation. Intra‐ and interobserver agreement of translation was excellent. For rotation and kinetics, agreement was more variable. SCTT strongly correlated with the objectively measured values.ConclusionThe CD, TCT and the new TPCT were all accurate and reliable. The high translations and rotations during TPCT are promising, encouraging further development of this test. SCTT was reliable in our experimental setting.Clinical significanceVeterinary manual laxity tests are accurate and reliable in acute CCLR. The TPCT might have potential for the assessment of subtle and rotational canine stifle instabilities. The high reliability of SCTT implies that grading schemes for stifle laxity, similar to human medicine, could be developed.
Curvatures for unions of WDC sets
Authors: Pokorný Dušan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe prove the existence of the curvature measures for a class of sets, which is a direct generalisation of sets studied by Rataj and Zähle. Moreover, we provide a simple characterisation of sets in and prove that in , the class of sets contains essentially all classes of sets known to admit curvature measures.
Measurement of Brain Strains in a Goat Head Under Impact Loading
Authors: Singh Abhilash , Naing Yan , Ganpule S. G. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Measurements of brain deformations under dynamic loading are required to understand the biomechanics of traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this work, we have experimentally measured two-dimensional (2D) brain deformations in a sacrificed goat brain under injurious impact loading. To facilitate imaging, the goat head was dissected along the longitudinal midline. Goat head response was studied for sagittal plane rotation. Full-field, 2D deformations in the midsagittal plane of a goat brain were obtained at spatiotemporal resolutions of ∼1 mm and 0.4 ms, respectively. Results elucidate the dynamic strain evolution. The goat brain underwent large deformation. The strain pattern was heterogeneous. Peak strains in various brain regions were established within ∼20 ms, followed by negligible strain development due to the considerable viscous dissipation. The Cerebellum region experienced the highest strain, followed by cortical and subcortical regions. Strain concentration in the goat brain near the stiff membrane of the tentorium was observed. The strains in a brain simulant of a head surrogate (obtained previously) were also compared against the goat brain response. A response in the brain simulant was comparable to the goat brain in terms of strain pattern, peak strains in various substructures, and strain concentration near the membrane. However, the brain simulant was less dissipative than the goat brain. These results enhance the current understanding of the biomechanics of the brain under dynamic loading.