bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractional spinal anesthesia and systemic hemodynamics in frail elderly hip fracture patients
Authors: Olsen Fredrik , Hård af Segerstad Mathias , Dalla Keti , Ricksten Sven-Erik , Nellgård Bengt 
Published: February 2023

Background: Systemic haemodynamic effects of intrathecal anaesthesia in an aging and frail population has not been well investigated. We examined the systemic haemodynamics of fractional spinal anaesthesia following intermittent microdosing of a local anaesthetic and an opioid. Methods: We included 15 patients aged over 65 with significant comorbidities, planned for hip fracture repair. Patients received a spinal catheter and cardiac output monitoring using the LiDCOplus system. All measurements were performed prior to start of surgery. Invasive mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), heart rate and stroke volume index (SVI) were registered. Two doses of bupivacaine 2.25 mg and fentanyl 15 µg were administered with 25-minute intervals. Hypotension was defined as a fall in MAP by >30% or a MAP <65 mmHg. Results: The incidence of hypotension was 30%. Hypotensive patients (n=5) were treated with low doses of norepinephrine (0.01-0.12 µg/kg/min). MAP showed a maximum reduction of 17% at 10 minutes following the first dose. CI, systemic vascular resistance index and stroke volume index decreased by 10%, 6%, and 7%, respectively, while heart rate was unchanged over time. After the second dose, none of the systemic haemodynamic variables were affected. Conclusions: Fractional spinal anaesthesia administered prior to surgery induced a minor to moderate fall in MAP, mainly caused by a reduction in cardiac output, induced by systemic venodilation, causing a fall in venous return. Our results are contrary to the widely held belief that hypotension is mainly the result of a reduction of systemic vascular resistance.
Pharmaceutical policy and innovation for rare diseases: A narrative review
Authors: Alonso Ruiz Adrián , Large Kaitlin , Moon Suerie , Vieira Marcela 
Published: February 2023

This article aims to synthesize the existing literature on the implementation of public policies to incentivize the development of treatments for rare diseases (which are diseases with very low prevalence and therefore with low commercial interest) otherwise known as orphan drugs. The implementation of these incentives in the 1980s in the United States (US), later in Japan, and in the European Union (EU) seems to be related to a substantial increase in treatments for these diseases, and has influenced the way the pharmaceutical research & development (R&D) system operates beyond this area. In spite of this success, the academic literature also highlights the negative implications that these public policies have on affordability and access to orphan drugs, as well as on the prioritization of certain rare disease areas over others. The synthesis focuses mostly on the United States’ Orphan Drug Act (ODA) as a model for subsequent policies in other regions and countries. It starts with a historical overview of the creation of the term “rare diseases”, continues with a summary of the evidence available on the US ODA’s positive and negative impacts, and provides a summary of the different proposals to reform these incentives in light of the negative outcomes described. Finally, it describes some key aspects of the Japanese and European policies, as well as some of the challenges captured in the literature related to their impact in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs).
THE PHYSIOGNOMY OF MILITARY CONFLICTS IN THE FUTURE AND THE NEED FOR TRANSFORMATION IN THE MILITARY
Authors: Gabor Gabriel , Muresan Doina 
Published: February 2023

In the future, war will mainly settle in the sphere of the politics and economics and will have as general purpose to aim at major economic projects, such as: control over strategic raw materials, from the point of view of their exploitation, access routes and trade markets; restricted access to high performance technologies; political and military control over some of the world's "hot spots" etc.. Basically, war will become an informational confrontation based on the use of certain mechanisms of distribution and combination of ways and means to support the conflict, falling within the politics area and hardly requiring any use of armed means.	Transformation is a strategic imperative. At NATO member states defense ministries level, modernization needs to be shaped and influenced by the imperative realities specific to the competition in the information age. This is the age when power will directly depend on such aspects as: increased information dissemination capacity, easy access to information and increased decision-making speed.
Military transformation involves changes in the doctrine, organization and structure of forces, capabilities, business intellingence, training, education and procurement, human rtesources management and budgetary programming which become the main areas where modernization of the military occurs.
The strategies that define transformation cover three major areas: military culture, capabilities planning and capabilities transformation. NATO's credibility degree is and will also be depending on its military capabilities. Therefore, the final goal of the military organization transformation is to create new military capabilities that enable the armed forces to carry on operations across the entire spectrum of conflicts
THE USE OF COMPUTER INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN CREATING SPECIFIC PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS THEORETICAL COURSES
Authors: Balint Gheorghe , Alexandru Acsinte 
Published: February 2023

Through its specific multiple uses, the electronic information technology constitutes an authentic current teaching means, producing a new revolution in education, compared to the one achieved by the invention of printing. Its apparition suggests a reconsideration of the didactic methods and strategies, of teaching style, of the projection and development of the instructive-educational act for the Physical Education in higher education. This is all the more evident if we take into consideration the combination: computer (means: information technology) - course in an electronic format (method) - individual activity (type of organization).
When we are referring to the first way of inserting the computer in the curriculum, it is strictly associated to the notion of means; ulteriorly, it becomes a didactic strategy, being combined with other elements.
The theoretical course model suggested in this paper constitutes an electronic document, with properties that are imposed by the current standards and demands of the IT users.
In this sense, the electronic format desired for the structuring, accessibility, use, and management of the curricular content has been chosen according to the following criteria:
&#61485;	accessible and viable presentation;
&#61485;	immediate accessibility;
&#61485;	ease of use;
&#61485;	accessible Internet presence;
&#61485;	easy to find and encapsulate the content;
&#61485;	modularization and an arborescent structure of information.
For this, the format Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) has been chosen, which is very popular, very accessible, and tested over a long period of time by thousands of users.
One of its main elements is the navigation tree (the arborescent structure - of dependencies) of the information (contents), called in the Reader: Bookmarks. Also, another main element in the presentation of information is the presentation panel for the actual content of the electronic course, allowing the specification of various attributes for the personalization of the e-course: page rolling, the physical position inside the e-course (the number of the current page, and the total number of pages), the visualizing format (the number of pages presented simultaneously).
The concretion of the ideas presented above has been done through the creation of such a model of theoretical course: "The General Bases of Association Football," accessible at: http://cadredidactice.ub.ro/balintgheorghe/files/2012/12/bazele-generale-ale-fotbalului-3.pdf.
INDISPENSIBLE PORTABLE TECHNOLOGY IN ADAPTED SWIMMING AND THE PROGRESS OF CHILREN WITH DISABILITIES
Authors: Cheraferrario Bianca , Pehoiu Constantin 
Published: February 2023

Introduction
In modern society and modern age the presence of mobile technology is everywhere around us.
The main and most important aspect is the speed of online communication that we achieve with our peers, which generates a lower economic effort as well as efficiency and speed in sporting activities. The transfer of information through the use of mobile technology leads to less energy consumption, especially in the retrieval and rapid processing of information received.
Mobile technology in sport is extremely different: the internet, mobile phones, camcorders, cameras, pulse-oximeters, video software and IT equipment.
Premise
To observe what mobile technology is available to us, how much we can use it in adapted swimming.
Order of activities:
1.	Tuesday: announcement via mobile phones, sms and email
2.	Wednesday: meeting with volunteers and schedule presentation for the forthcoming lesson
3.	Thursday: training takes place
4.	Friday: the team of coaches studies the videos and photos obtained, being able to observe the children at different moments during the training and analyzing much more easily the work of the entire team
5.	Saturday: organization posts the best videos and photos on their web page
Results obtained through the use of modern technology:
1.	Digital information of certain physiological parameters
2.	Photographic information
3.	Video information on http://www.facebook.com/pages/EU-POT-Targoviste-Romania/447136495297889
4.	Activity analysis: www.kinovea.org
Conclusion
Modern society has provided us with a host of modern technology, extremely advantageous for the efficiency of sport training.
The great advantage of this technology is that we can use mobile technology at any time during the training, even right in the middle of certain activities and even in water, because of the independence of mobile technology.
Mobile technology was used 100% of the time, throughout the entire activity period, during the activities as well as outside of these.
We mention that full advantage is taken of the facilities that the mobile technology offered us, because they act as extra sets of eyes present during the trainings, offering details that you can not always see.
DEMYTHOLOGIZING DISTANCE LEARNING PLATFORMS
Authors: Fierbinteanu Cristina , Morariu Ioan 
Published: February 2023

Distance learning software platforms represent a technology opportunity whose potential pedagogical impact still needs to be researched.
This paper will refer to our experience using distributed learning environments in different departments (law, computer science, social, political and humanistic sciences) at Titu Maiorescu University.
We are arguing that eLearning platforms can strengthen academia if they are perceived as a supplement for classroom teaching rather than a replacement for it and offer counterexamples to some "eLearning platform myths" that we noticed in our discussions with faculty members. Some of these myths are:
-	Distance learning software platforms will fail because face-to-face discussions with professors and fellow students do not work in this format;
-	Distance learning software platforms distract faculty who should be focusing on improving their on-campus pedagogy;
-	Automatically graded quizzes are not useful in law and humanistic sciences courses;
-	Computer supported learning will replace faculty and teaching assistants, thus lowering educational quality.
We compare different approaches (Moodle, AeL, social networks), showing their advantages and disadvantages from the perspective of our university's needs and vision. From the same point of view we propose further developments of the platforms considered.
Our future work includes the use of inferential statistics techniques to extract information from test results (e.g. which questions are more difficult, which ones test comparable concepts, which ones have better effects on learning outcomes, etc.). This information could then be used by faculty to enhance classroom teaching. We also envisage undertaking multidisciplinary research in order to devise methods to determine the approaches that have better effects on learning outcomes, similarly to the way in which e-commerce sites evaluate user experiences.
AN ARCHITECTURE FOR SMART LEARNING, TRAINING, INNOVATION AND DISCOVERY FOR EARTH OBSERVATION
Authors: Ionita Angela , Visan Maria , Niculescu Cristina , Borza Sorin 
Published: February 2023

Taking a look on previously e-learning developments on geoinformation science there are some observations:
o	Most of the projects were focused on creating teaching materials and tutorials that presented implementation techniques used in geospatial information about data acquisition, storage and processing;
o	Few projects concerned with experimentation and extensibility;
o	Few projects deal with the resources necessary in the creation of ability to develop Earth Observation applications: repositories of data, old archives, previously experiments, how to access, what formats, etc.
Only few projects are however dealing with providing lessons on how to develop real case-based applications for Earth Observation using new information technologies and communications, but also geospatial technologies.
Generally, each technology provider offers its users a lot of tutorials that illustrate better facilities products. But missing from the market, the e-learning programs that provide techniques and methods for developing applications real cases-based following the experience in using integrated heterogeneous data sources and processing chains appropriate technology products to solve their vital problems such as, for example, real time decision making on how to manage the natural resources, how to manage the groundwater management aspects in urban planning or real time decision making the as reaction to the appearance and / or preventing the consequences of natural phenomena.
The architecture discussed in this paper aims to fill this gap using the latest concepts in the field of ICT combined with the latest technologies in Earth Observation applications with the latest concepts and techniques in the field of geospatial information management. The paradigm proposed here is to learn by doing.
EDUCATIONAL MANAGERIAL GROUP - BETWEEN ACADEMIC TUTORIAL AND MANAGERIAL RESPONSIBILITIES IN DISTANCE LEARNING
Authors: Almasan Beatrice , Alexe Maria 
Published: February 2023

The subject of this article immerges from a large project of construction, implementation and evaluation in distance learning. The project itself is the result of 14 years of experience and know-how of Bucharest University Distance Learning Department. The research question concerns the importance of group manager's task inside the distance learning process. Is this role still crucial in developing the distance learning process? A sequential question, derived from the main one concerns the evolution of his role and the design of the group manager's task and communication channels developed with the students.
The analysis, which has as a background a series of best practices developed by CREDIS Department, tries to offer theoretical arguments for the importance of this role and designs research lines and main stages concerning the subject. Briefly these are:
-	A documentary stage concerning literature of the domain in Romania and abroad.
-	Analysis of ethical and moral implication of different types of communication
-	The design of the ideal profile of the group manager
-	Methodology leading to the profile development.
-	A stage of identifying students' need and their perception of different actors implicated in the described project.
-	Brief overview of CREDIS experience as examples for best practices.
In order to achieve an accurate analysis of the group manger's profile some methodological approaches and way of designing the curricula are going to be listed. The study leads to the conclusion that a combination of academic and managerial tutorial activity represents the key to success, as well as the background for developing the21st. century learning system.
THE USE OF ICT WITHIN THE ROMANIAN SCHOOL GUIDANCE COMMUNITY
Authors: Tibu Speranta 
Published: February 2023

The potential of using ICT in guidance is very big, but the real integration into the practice is still unknown in Romania. The articles presents the results of a quantitative study on the use of ICT in the Romanian school guidance community, based on Anthony Barnes`(1) distinction in relation to the way in which ICT can be used in such a context: as a resource, as a medium and/or for the development of further resources. 130 practitioners from 41 Romanian counties, plus Bucharest, participated in an online survey during November 2013-January 2014. The research questionnaire has been developed based on the instruments developed within international ICT Skills 1 and 2 Leonardo da Vinci projects (2). Results are discussed in relation to earlier Romanian studies and initiatives on the same topic (Stanescu, 2000; Jigau, 2002; ICT skills 1 and 2 project, 2005-2009). Some short overview on the policies and legal provisions for the guidance system is offered, as well as discussions on the initial training and continuous professional development of counsellors. Conclusions are drawn in relation to the most frequently used tools, as well as on the access on ICT in rural versus urban schools in which practitioners are working. Difficulties and obstacles mentioned by respondents are analysed together with good practices, in order to offer a comprehensive picture related to the daily practice on using ICT in guidance and counselling in Romania. Trends, future challenges for guidance counsellors and recommendations are drawn with the view of improving policies and practices in the field.

(1)	Cogoi, C., Barnes, A., La Gro, N. Orientare ?i TIC: contextul. In: Competen?e TIC 2. Instrumente TIC ?i formarea practicienilor de orientare care utilizeaz? computerul. Afir Publishing House, Bucharest, 2009.
(2)	*** ICT Skills 2.ICT Tools and Training for e-Guidance practitioners. ASTER Scienza Tecnologia Impresa S. Cons. p. a, Publishing House, Bologna, Italy, 2009.
Pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup benih ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) pada beberapa konsentrasi tepung daun jaloh (Salix tetrasperma) dalam pakan
Authors: Yanti Zuraidha , A. Muchlisin Zainal , - Sugito 
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the possibility of jaloh (Salix tetrasperma) leaf powders as alternative raw material for tilapia fish feed. Four concentrations of jaloh leafe powders (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%) were examined in this study. The experimental fish were fed three times a day on 08.00AM, 12.00AM and 17.00PM. with feeding ration of 5% of body weight for 42 days. The one-way Anova test showed that the different concentrations of jaloh leaf powders gave a significantly effect on growth performance of tilapia larvae (p 0.05), but did not give a significant effect on their survival rate (p0.05). The Duncans test showed that the higher growth performace and survival rate were found at 5-10% of jaloh leaf powders, it was indicated that diet with 5-10% jaloh leaf powders were better than control (without jaloh leaf powders). Therefore, it is concluded that the jaloh leaf powders is suitable as alternative raws material for tilapia formulated diet at concentration of 5-10%. Key words: Protein, carbohydrate and alternative feed Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kemungkinan pemanfaatan tepung daun jaloh (S. tetrasperma) sebagai bahan baku alternatif untuk pakan ikan nila (Oreochormis niloticus). Dalam penelitian ini telah diuji beberapa tingkat proporsi tepung daun jaloh yaitu (0%, 5%, 10%, dan 15%). Pemberian pakan dilakukan tiga kali sehari, yaitu pada pukul 08.00, 12.00 dan 17.00 WIB. Ikan diberikan pakan sebanyak 5% dari berat bobot tubuhnya selama 42 hari. Hasil uji Anova satu arah menunjukkan bahwa pemberian tepung daun jaloh memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap pertambahan bobot badan dan laju pertumbuhan harian benih ikan nila (p0,05), namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kelangsungan hidupnya (p0,05). Uji lanjut Duncan menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung daun jaloh 5-10% dalam pakan memberikan hasil terbaik dari segi pertumbuhan mutlak, pertumbuhan harian dan kelangsungan hidup, dan hasil ini lebih baik berbanding kontrol (tanpa daun jaloh). Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan tepung daun jaloh dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan baku alternatif dalam pakan ikan dengan kadar 5-10%. Kata kunci: Protein, karbohidrat dan pakan alternatif
Pengaruh fase bulan dan pasang surut terhadap kemunculan pari manta (Manta alfredi) di Perairan Karang Makassar, Taman Nasional Komodo Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Ichsan Muhammad , Iriana Dulmi’ad , Yusuf Awaluddin Muhammad 
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Karang Makassar is known as Manta point which is located in the Komodo National Park, Indonesia. This location is one of the habitat for manta ray. This research was conducted to find out the relationship between the appereance of manta ray with lunar pattern and tidal cycle. Observation data was collected from September to October 2012. Photo ID method was used to assess the number of manta ray appeareance. Lunar pattern data was obtained from USNO NAVY database, and tidal cycle was obtained from WX Tide Prediction Server. The result shows that from 20 dives, the highest average number of manta rays appearance was during full moon by 9,8 individual per dive. Meanwhile, during half moon and new moon were only 3 individual appearances per dive. On the other hand, based on tidal cycle, the highest manta rays appeareance was found during rising by 6,5 individual per dive, on falling by 4,4 individual per dive, and the lowest on slack by 3,4 individual per dive. We suggest that the best time for seeing manta rays in this location is during full moon and raising time. Keywords: Manta rays; Lunar patterns; Tidal cycle; National Komodo Park Abstrak. Perairan Karang Makassar, dikenal sebagai Manta Point yang berada di Taman Nasional (T.N.) Komodo, Indonesia. Lokasi ini merupakan salah satu habitat bagi pari manta. Penelitian kali ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kemunculan pari manta dengan fase bulan dan pasang surut. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan September – Oktober 2012. Metode Photo ID dipergunakan untuk menhitung jumlah individu kemunculan pari manta. Sedangkan untuk data fase bulan diperoleh dari USNO NAVY berupa persentasi cahaya bulan, sedangkan untuk pasang surut didapatkan dari WX Tide Prediction Server. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dari 20 kali penyelaman, rata-rata kemunculan tertinggi terjadi saat fase bulan penuh sebesar 9,8 individu per penyelaman. Pada bulan setengah jumlah kemunculan paling sedikit yaitu 3 kemunculan per penyelaman, sama dengan fase bulan baru yaitu 3 kemunculan per penyelaman. Sementara itu berdasarkan pola pasang surut, diperoleh rata-rata jumlah individu tertinggi yang muncul yaitu pada pada saat pasang sebanyak 6,5 individu per penyelaman, saat surut sebesar 4,4 individu per penyelaman, sedangkan pada saat kendur paling sedikit yaitu sebesar 3,4 individu per penyelaman. Kami menyarankan bahwa waktu yang terbaik untuk melihat pari manta di lokasi ini adalah pada saat bulan penuh dan saat pasang.Kata kunci: Pari Manta; Fase Bulan; Pasang Surut; Taman Nasional Komodo