bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Development Dichotomy: Colonial India’s Accession to the ILO’s Governing Body (1919–22)
Authors: Gidney Thomas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAt its founding in 1919, the International Labour Organization (ILO) selected its Governing Body from eight ‘states of Chief Industrial Importance’. The ILO’s attempt to define industrial importance was predicated on its seemingly expert-driven and statistical impartiality. As a technical organization, this standard was created to depoliticize the selection of its Governing Body. Yet, with its utilization of relative economic indicators, the standard ended up recreating a highly Eurocentric Governing Body. Resistance to these metrics by aggregately large but relatively underdeveloped economies, such as colonial India, reveals the inherently political nature of attempting to define industrial ‘importance’. This article examines the little-known history of how the Indian delegation to the ILO challenged the ILO’s Eurocentric metrics, constituting what it meant to be industrially important. In doing so, this article questions to what extent ‘technical’ international organizations can remain apolitical spaces and how our contemporary international institutions are responding to the increasing politicization of their function.
The Three Dialectics of Racial Capitalism
Authors: Levenson Zachary , Paret Marcel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe current popularity of “racial capitalism” in the American academy is typically attributed to the work of Cedric Robinson. But in this paper, we demonstrate that Robinson was riding a wave that began a decade before: in the South African movement against apartheid. We trace the intellectual history of the concept through two heydays, one peaking in the 1970s and 1980s and another emerging following the 2008 financial crisis. To make sense of racial capitalism during these two heydays, we argue, one must locate the concept in relation to three dialectics. First, racial capitalism traveled back and forth between periphery and center, emerging, for example, in both the context of anti- and post-colonial/apartheid struggles in southern Africa, and against the backdrop of the Black Power and Black Lives Matter movements in the United States. A second dialectic is evident in the way the concept, while initially produced in the context of these fierce struggles, was quickly absorbed into academic discourse. And, in addition to periphery/center and activism/academia, we identify a third dialectic: between the term itself and the broader problematic in which it was (and remains) situated. Our analysis is attentive to the ways that theories acquire contextually specific meanings as they travel, providing a model for understanding the circulation across multiple political contexts of a concept as deceptively stable as racial capitalism. It also demonstrates how expansive the field of racial capitalism actually is, extending well beyond any particular historical or geographic context, institutional or social domain, and even the very term itself.
Constraints on Secular Geocenter Velocity From Absolute Gravity Observations in Central North America: Implications for Global Melting Rates
Authors: Lambert Anthony , Huang Jianliang , Courtier Nicholas , Pavlic Goran 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLong series of absolute gravity observations at multiple sites provide a direct method of measuring the velocity of the geocenter caused by surface mass transport related to climate change. Annual absolute gravity observations and available GPS vertical data at eight sites in central North America from 1995 to 2010 are used to solve for geocenter velocity while correcting for glacial isostatic adjustment. The precision of the secular gravity trends and GPS heights at our sites, used to estimate geocenter motion, was improved by correcting for local and global water storage attraction and loading. Corrections for the loading and attraction effects of regional ice‐mass loss, the atmosphere and non‐tidal ocean were found to be minimal. Our results provide a direct measurement of the change in geocenter velocity over the time‐interval 2002–2010 compared to the time‐interval 1995–2003 of 0.68 ± 0.28 mm/yr away from North America. This suggests similar velocities in the negative Z (0°N) and positive Y (90°E) directions to those found by other studies.
Anticyclone Eddies Favor the Genesis of Off‐Season Tropical Cyclone in the Western North Pacific
Authors: Zhan Weikang , He Qingyou , Zhang Ying , Zhan Haigang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMesoscale ocean eddies, which typically exhibit different heat and atmospheric conditions to their surroundings, significantly affect the path and intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs). By analyzing 27 years (1993–2019) of eddy and TC data, here we show that mesoscale eddies also play non‐negligible roles in the genesis of TCs (TCG). During the TC off‐season months of December to May, TCs generating over anticyclone eddies (AEs) clearly outnumber those over cyclone eddies (CEs) (14 vs. 6) in the western North Pacific, and featuring a further north location. Composite analysis also exhibits a higher genesis potential index () in AEs than that in CEs, indicative of a higher TCG probability over AEs especially under a relatively cooler oceanic background, which is mainly attributed to the eddy‐associated warming in the upper ocean. These results motivate future studies on better forecasting regional TC activities by considering the impacts of ocean eddies in air‐sea models.
Thousands of human non-AUG extended proteoforms lack evidence of evolutionary selection among mammals
Authors: Fedorova Alla D. , Kiniry Stephen J. , Andreev Dmitry E. , Mudge Jonathan M. , Baranov Pavel V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of most proteins begins at AUG codons, yet a small number of non-AUG initiated proteoforms are also known. Here we analyse a large number of publicly available Ribo-seq datasets to identify novel, previously uncharacterised non-AUG proteoforms using Trips-Viz implementation of a novel algorithm for detecting translated ORFs. In parallel we analyse genomic alignment of 120 mammals to identify evidence of protein coding evolution in sequences encoding potential extensions. Unexpectedly we find that the number of non-AUG proteoforms identified with ribosome profiling data greatly exceeds those with strong phylogenetic support suggesting their recent evolution. Our study argues that the protein coding potential of human genome greatly exceeds that detectable through comparative genomics and exposes the existence of multiple proteins encoded by the same genomic loci.
Three-dimensional Zn-based alloys for dendrite-free aqueous Zn battery in dual-cation electrolytes
Authors: Tian Huajun , Feng Guangxia , Wang Qi , Li Zhao , Zhang Wei , Lucero Marcos , Feng Zhenxing , Wang Zi-Le , Zhang Yuning , Zhen Cheng , Gu Meng , Shan Xiaonan , Yang Yang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAqueous zinc-ion batteries, in terms of integration with high safety, environmental benignity, and low cost, have attracted much attention for powering electronic devices and storage systems. However, the interface instability issues at the Zn anode caused by detrimental side reactions such as dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, and metal corrosion at the solid (anode)/liquid (electrolyte) interface impede their practical applications in the fields requiring long-term performance persistence. Despite the rapid progress in suppressing the side reactions at the materials interface, the mechanism of ion storage and dendrite formation in practical aqueous zinc-ion batteries with dual-cation aqueous electrolytes is still unclear. Herein, we design an interface material consisting of forest-like three-dimensional zinc-copper alloy with engineered surfaces to explore the Zn plating/stripping mode in dual-cation electrolytes. The three-dimensional nanostructured surface of zinc-copper alloy is demonstrated to be in favor of effectively regulating the reaction kinetics of Zn plating/stripping processes. The developed interface materials suppress the dendrite growth on the anode surface towards high-performance persistent aqueous zinc-ion batteries in the aqueous electrolytes containing single and dual cations. This work remarkably enhances the fundamental understanding of dual-cation intercalation chemistry in aqueous electrochemical systems and provides a guide for exploring high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries and beyond.
Discovery of endogenous nitroxyl as a new redox player in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Arasimowicz-Jelonek M. , Floryszak-Wieczorek J. , Suarez S. , Doctorovich F. , Sobieszczuk-Nowicka E. , Bruce King S. , Milczarek G. , Rębiś T. , Gajewska J. , Jagodzik P. , Żywicki M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNitroxyl (HNO) is the one-electron reduced and protonated congener of nitric oxide (•NO), owning a distinct chemical profile. Based on real-time detection, we demonstrate that HNO is endogenously formed in Arabidopsis. Senescence and hypoxia induce shifts in the redox balance, triggering HNO decay or formation mediated by non-enzymatic •NO/HNO interconversion with cellular reductants. The stimuli-dependent HNO generation supports or competes with •NO signalling, depending on the local redox environment.
Multiscale reorganization of the genome following DNA damage facilitates chromosome translocations via nuclear actin polymerization
Authors: Zagelbaum Jennifer , Schooley Allana , Zhao Junfei , Schrank Benjamin R. , Callen Elsa , Zha Shan , Gottesman Max E. , Nussenzweig André , Rabadan Raul , Dekker Job , Gautier Jean 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNuclear actin-based movements have been shown to orchestrate clustering of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) into homology-directed repair domains. Here we describe multiscale three-dimensional genome reorganization following DNA damage and analyze the contribution of the nuclear WASP-ARP2/3-actin pathway toward chromatin topology alterations and pathologic repair. Hi-C analysis reveals genome-wide, DNA damage-induced chromatin compartment flips facilitated by ARP2/3 that enrich for open, A compartments. Damage promotes interactions between DSBs, which in turn facilitate aberrant, actin-dependent intra- and inter-chromosomal rearrangements. Our work establishes that clustering of resected DSBs into repair domains by nuclear actin assembly is coordinated with multiscale alterations in genome architecture that enable homology-directed repair while also increasing nonhomologous end-joining-dependent translocation frequency.
The effect of differential mineral shrinkage on crack formation and network geometry
Authors: Trageser Jeremy E. , Mitchell Chven A. , Jones Reese E. , Matteo Edward N. , Rimsza Jessica M. , Pyrak-Nolte Laura J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRock, concrete, and other engineered materials are often composed of several minerals that change volumetrically in response to variations in the moisture content of the local environment. Such differential shrinkage is caused by varying shrinkage rates between mineral compositions during dehydration. Using both 3D X-ray imaging of geo-architected samples and peridynamic (PD) numerical simulations, we show that the spatial distribution of the clay affects the crack network geometry with distributed clay particles yielding the most complex crack networks and percent damage (99.56%), along with a 60% reduction in material strength. We also demonstrate that crack formation, growth, coalescence, and distribution during dehydration, are controlled by the differential shrinkage rates between a highly shrinkable clay and a homogeneous mortar matrix. Sensitivity tests performed with the PD models show a clay shrinkage parameter of 0.4 yields considerable damage, and reductions in the parameter can result in a significant reduction in fracturing and an increase in material strength. Additionally, isolated clay inclusions induced localized fracturing predominantly due to debonding between the clay and matrix. These insights indicate differential shrinkage is a source of potential failure in natural and engineered barriers used to sequester anthropogenic waste.
Surveillance of hemodialysis related infections: a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Hasanoglu Imran , Guner Rahmet , Sahin Suzan , Yılmaz Karadag Fatma , Parmaksiz Ergun , Atalay H. Veli , Alısır Ecder Sabahat , Arslan Gulen Tugba , Atan Ucar Zuhal , Karabay Oguz , Sipahi Savas , Kaya Kılıc Esra , Duranay Murat , Yapar Derya , Dogan İbrahim , Ersoz Gulden , Turkmen Gulcan , Kıykım Ahmet Alper 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs in many countries, there is neither a surveillance system nor a study to reveal the hemodialysis (HD) related infection rates in Turkey. We aimed to investigate the infection rate among HD outpatients and implement CDC’s surveillance system. A multicenter prospective surveillance study is performed to investigate the infection rate among HD patients. CDC National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) dialysis event (DE) protocol is adopted for definitions and reporting. During April 2016–April 2018, 9 centers reported data. A total of 199 DEs reported in 10,035 patient-months, and the overall DE rate was 1.98 per 100 patient-months. Risk of blood culture positivity is found to be 17.6 times higher when hemodialysis was through a tunneled catheter than through an arteriovenous fistula. DE rate was significantly lower in patients educated about the care of their vascular access site. Staphylococcus aureus was the most causative microorganism among mortal patients. Outcomes of DEs were hospitalization (73%), loss of vascular access (18.2%), and death (7.7%). This first surveillance study revealed the baseline status of HD related infections in Turkey and showed that CDC National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) DE surveillance system can be easily implemented even in a high workload dialysis unit and be adopted as a nationwide DE surveillance program.
Optical gain reduction caused by nonrelevant subbands in narrow-period terahertz quantum cascade laser designs
Authors: Wang Li , Lin Tsung-Tse , Wang Ke , Hirayama Hideki 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe recent designs of terahertz quantum cascade lasers usually employ the short periodic length and also the tall barriers for high-temperature operation. In this work, the effect of high-energy lying non-relevant subbands is studied based on nonequilibrium Green’s function formalisms model, demonstrating those subbands are probable to play a minor role on the population inversion, but play a major role on the optical gain at high temperatures. The phenomenon can be ascribed to the appearance of leakages crossing neighboring periods via sequential resonant tunneling, and those leakages are inherently created by the specific features of the two-well configuration in this design that the phonon well should be wide enough for performing the phonon scattering to depopulate the lower-laser subband. The narrower periodic length design can strengthen this inter-period leakage. A parasitic absorption between the first high-lying nonrelevant subbands from two laser wells can closely overlap the gain shape and thus significantly reduce the peak gain.
Effect of thermal osteonecrosis around implants in the rat tibia: numerical and histomorphometric results in context of implant removal
Authors: Kniha Kristian , Hermanns-Sachweh Benita , Al-Sibai Faruk , Kneer Reinhold , Möhlhenrich Stephan Christian , Heitzer Marius , Hölzle Frank , Modabber Ali 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this rat study was to explore the feasibility of in vivo temperature thresholds affecting bone contact at the implant surface. Based on these data, thermal necrosis should be used for implant removal in the subsequent in vivo study. Rat tibiae of 48 animals at one site were randomly treated with heat or cold before implant insertion. Temperatures of 4 °C, 3 °C, 2 °C, 48 °C, 49 °C and 50 °C for a tempering time of 1 min were evaluated. Numerical simulations of the heat source-implant-bone system were carried out. Effects were assessed by histomorphometrical measurements. The results showed that the selected method of direct tempering using a tempering pin was suitable for maintaining a uniform layer around the pin. Starting at warm temperatures of 48 °C and rising to 50 °C, the BIC ratio revealed declining values and a significant difference was observed when comparing 50 °C to the control group (p = 0.03). However, there were no significant variations within the cold temperatures. This study pinpointed temperature discovered that could lead to the thermo-explantation and so that the number of samples used in future studies on temperature-induced bone necrosis can be reduced to a minimum. Significant BIC value reduction was seen at a temperature of 50 °C for 1 min.
Epibiotic fauna of the Antarctic minke whale as a reliable indicator of seasonal movements
Authors: Ten S. , Konishi K. , Raga J. A. , Pastene L. A. , Aznar F. J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAntarctic minke whales,Balaenoptera bonaerensis, breed in tropical and temperate waters of the Southern Hemisphere in winter and feed in Antarctic grounds in the austral summer. These seasonal migrations could be less defined than those of other whale species, but the evidence is scanty. We quantitatively describe the epibiotic fauna of Antarctic minke whales and explore its potential to trace migrations. Seven species were found on 125 out of 333 examined Antarctic minke whales captured during the last Antarctic NEWREP-A expedition in the Southern Ocean: the amphipodBalaenocyamus balaenopterae(prevalence = 22.2%), the copepodPennella balaenoptera(0.6%); three coronulid, obligate barnacles,Xenobalanus globicipitis(11.1%),Coronula reginae(8.7%),C. diadema(0.9%); and two lepadid, facultative barnacles,Conchoderma auritum(9.0%) andC. virgatum(0.3%). Species with prevalence > 8% exhibited a modest increase in their probability of occurrence with whale body length. Data indicated positive associations between coronulid barnacles and no apparent recruitment in Antarctic waters.All specimens ofX. globicipitiswere dead, showing progressive degradation throughout the sampling period, and a geographic analysis indicated a marked drop of occurrence where the minimum sea surface temperature is < 12 °C. Thus, field detection -with non-lethal methodologies, such as drones- of coronulid barnacles, especiallyX. globicipitis, on whales in the Southern Ocean could evince seasonal migration. Future investigations on geographical distribution, growth rate, and degradation (forX. globicipitis) could also assist in timing whales’ migration.
A strategy to formulate data-driven constitutive models from random multiaxial experiments
Authors: Tasdemir Burcu , Pellegrino Antonio , Tagarielli Vito 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe present a test technique and an accompanying computational framework to obtain data-driven, surrogate constitutive models that capture the response of isotropic, elastic–plastic materials loaded in-plane stress by combined normal and shear stresses. The surrogate models are based on feed-forward neural networks (NNs) predicting the evolution of state variables over arbitrary increments of strain. The feasibility of the approach is assessed by conducting virtual experiments, i.e. Finite Element (FE) simulations of the response of a hollow, cylindrical, thin-walled test specimen to random histories of imposed axial displacement and rotation. In these simulations, the specimen’s material is modelled as an isotropic, rate-independent elastic–plastic solid obeying J2 plasticity with isotropic hardening. The virtual experiments allow assembling a training dataset for the surrogate models. The accuracy of two different surrogate models is evaluated by performing predictions of the response of the material to the application of random multiaxial strain histories. Both models are found to be effective and to have comparable accuracy.
Biodegradation of bovine spongiform encephalopathy prions in compost
Authors: Xu Shanwei , Abeysekara Sujeema , Dudas Sandor , Czub Stefanie , Staskevicius Antanas , Mitchell Gordon , Amoako Kingsley K. , McAllister Tim A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo reduce the transmission risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy prions (PrPBSE), specified risk materials (SRM) that can harbour PrPBSE are prevented from entering the feed and food chains. As composting is one approach to disposing of SRM, we investigated the inactivation of PrPBSE in lab-scale composters over 28 days and in bin composters over 106–120 days. Lab-scale composting was conducted using 45 kg of feedlot manure with and without chicken feathers. Based on protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA), after 28 days of composting, PrPBSE seeding activity was reduced by 3–4 log10 with feathers and 3 log10 without. Bin composters were constructed using ~ 2200 kg feedlot manure and repeated in 2017 and 2018. PMCA results showed that seeding activity of PrPBSE was reduced by 1–2 log10 in the centre, but only by 1 log10 in the bottom of bin composters. Subsequent assessment by transgenic (Tgbov XV) mouse bioassay confirmed a similar reduction in PrPBSE infectivity. Enrichment for proteolytic microorganisms through the addition of feathers to compost could enhance PrPBSE degradation. In addition to temperature, other factors including varying concentrations of PrPBSE and the nature of proteolytic microbial populations may be responsible for differential degradation of PrPBSE during composting.
Active waveguide Bragg lasers via conformal contact PDMS stamps
Authors: Li Yun , Lakhwani Girish 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLasing is observed in Bragg lasers formed through conformal contact of a patterned PDMS stamp with a plain active film, spincoated on glass. The thresholds, output efficiencies and spectral characteristics are compared to standard substrate patterned gratings and is discussed in relation to the coupling coefficient $$\upkappa $$
κ
. The reported thresholds are highly sensitive in distributed feedback (DFB) lasers to grating duty cycles, for both PDMS-air and substrate–film lasers. Overall, laser thresholds of PDMS-air (PA) DFB lasers are found to be significantly higher than substrate–film (SF) lasers, which is attributed to an approximate three-fold reduction of optical-confinement in the grating region. Slope output efficiencies are found to be comparatively higher in PA lasers relative to SF lasers for both DFB and DBR configurations and is attributed to several competing factors. The PDMS can be removed from the surface of the active film repeatedly and conformal contact is limited mainly by the particle build up on the PDMS surface. The proposed PA system is expected to be useful in rapid laser metrology of new gain materials and in practical applications of optically pumped lasers.