bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On dual-energy X-ray absorbtiometry use in patients with metabolic syndrome and associated fatty liver disease
Authors: Venidiktova D. Yu. , Borsukov A. V. 
Published: June 2023

Objective. To demonstrate the possibilities of using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the ‘Whole-Body’ mode in the algorithm for diagnosing and monitoring metabolically associated fatty liver disease in patients with metabolic syndrome.Material and methods. All patients were examined according to a single diagnostic algorithm, consisting of a physical examination with anthropometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the ‘Whole-Body’ mode and quantitative ultrasound steatometry. In addition to the main study group (n = 118), two control groups were recruited: the ﬁrst with an increased body mass index, but without signs of metabolically associated fatty liver disease (n = 101), the second with a normal body mass index, without signs of liver damage (n = 84).Results. In a larger number of patients with conﬁrmed metabolically associated fatty liver disease, according to clinical, laboratory and instrumental data, a predominance of visceral adipose tissue over subcutaneous adipose tissue was observed (compared to patients without conﬁrmed metabolically associated fatty liver disease). At the same time, the percentage of fat in patients of the main study group and control group No. 1 is within the normal range of age intervals. Quantitative ultrasound steatometry data have a high correlation with data describing the components of the metabolic syndrome according to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the ‘Whole-Body’ mode with a direct relationship.Conclusion. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the ‘Whole-Body’ mode can be used both for screening and for diagnosing the components of the metabolic syndrome due to high information content and minimal radiation exposure. Patients in whom visceral subcutaneous tissue predominates over subcutaneous adipose tissue are at greater risk of developing metabolically associated fatty liver disease. Quantitative ultrasound steatometry complements the picture of diffuse liver changes in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Optimal treatment of ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam-avibactam against bloodstream infections or lower respiratory tract infections caused by extensively drug-resistant or pan drug-resistant (XDR/PDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Kang Yixin , Xie Lu , Yang Jiyong , Cui Junchang 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) and aztreonam-avibactam (AZA) against bloodstream infections (BSIs) or lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) – caused by extensive drug-resistant or pan drug-resistant (XDR/PDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.MethodThe two-fold dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CZA/AZA against XDR/PDR P. aeruginosa. Whole-genome sequencing was used to analyze the resistance determinants of each isolate. Monte Carlo simulations (MCSs) were used to evaluate the probability of target attainment (PTA) and the cumulative fraction of response (CFR) of each CZA/AZA dosing regimen via traditional infusion (TI)/optimized two-step-administration therapy (OTAT).ResultsWe found that XDR/PDR P. aeruginosa may carry some rare MBLs (e.g.: IND-6, SLB-1, THIN-B). P. aeruginosa isolates producing IMP-45, VIM-1, or VIM-2 were inhibited by AZA at a concentration of 2 to 8 mg/L. All isolates producing IND-6 plus other serine β-lactamases were high-level resistant to CZA/AZA (MICs &gt;64 mg/L). All simulated dosing regimens of CZA/AZA against BSIs-causing XDR/PDR P. aeruginosa achieved 100% PTA when the MIC was ≤32 mg/L.ConclusionAZA has been considered as an option for the treatment of infections caused by XDR/PDR P. aeruginosa producing IMP-45, VIM-1, or VIM-2. OTAT with sufficient pharmacodynamic exposure may be an optimal treatment option for XDR/PDR P. aeruginosa with a high-level MIC of CZA/AZA.
Dynamic changing smoking habits and cardiovascular events in patients newly diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia: a national cohort study
Authors: Song Shinjeong , Lee Hye Ah , Kim Yeji , Jeon Bo Kyung , Moon Chang Mo , Park Junbeom 
Published: June 2023

Background and aimsThis study aimed to examine the association between dynamic smoking habit change and cardiovascular risk in a population newly diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.MethodsThis study included 49,320 individuals who had received health examinations provided by the Korea National Health Insurance Service. To determine the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and all-cause mortality based on dynamic smoking habit changes for 2 years, multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were utilized.ResultsDuring the follow-up, there were 1,004 (2.2%), 3,483 (7.6%), and 334 (0.7%) cases of myocardial infarction, stroke events, and cardiovascular death, respectively. The group with worsening smoking habits had an increased risk of cardiovascular events and death (HR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.26–1.40) compared to improved smoking habits. The robustness of the results determined by a series of sensitivity analyses further strengthened the main findings.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that worsening of smoking habits, even for a short period of time, may increase the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death in patients diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. For the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with underlying diseases, dynamic modification of smoking habits should be actively considered.
Healthcare provider experiences of deploying a continuous remote patient monitoring pilot program during the COVID-19 pandemic: a structured qualitative analysis
Authors: Pugmire Juliana , Wilkes Matt , Wolfberg Adam , Zahradka Nicole 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveTo describe the healthcare provider (HCP) experience of launching a COVID-19 remote patient monitoring (CRPM) program during the global COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe conducted qualitative, semi-structured interviews with eight HCPs involved in deploying the CRPM pilot program in the Military Health System (MHS) from June to December 2020. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically using an inductive approach. We then deductively mapped themes from interviews to the updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).ResultsWe identified the following main themes mapped to CFIR domains listed in parentheses: external and internal environments (outer and inner settings), processes around implementation (implementation process domain), the right people (individuals domain), and program characteristics (innovation domain). Participants believed that buy-in from leadership and HCPs was critical for successful program implementation. HCP participants showed qualities of clinical champions and believed in the CRPM program.ConclusionThe MHS deployed a successful remote patient monitoring pilot program during the global COVID-19 pandemic. HCPs found the CRPM program and the technology enabling the program to be acceptable, feasible, and usable. HCP participants exhibited characteristics of clinical champions. Leadership engagement was the most often-cited key factor for successful program implementation.
Comparison of pretrained transformer-based models for influenza and COVID-19 detection using social media text data in Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Tian Yuan , Zhang Wenjing , Duan Lujie , McDonald Wade , Osgood Nathaniel 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundThe use of social media data provides an opportunity to complement traditional influenza and COVID-19 surveillance methods for the detection and control of outbreaks and informing public health interventions.ObjectiveThe first aim of this study is to investigate the degree to which Twitter users disclose health experiences related to influenza and COVID-19 that could be indicative of recent plausible influenza cases or symptomatic COVID-19 infections. Second, we seek to use the Twitter datasets to train and evaluate the classification performance of Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and variant language models in the context of influenza and COVID-19 infection detection.MethodsWe constructed two Twitter datasets using a keyword-based filtering approach on English-language tweets collected from December 2016 to December 2022 in Saskatchewan, Canada. The influenza-related dataset comprised tweets filtered with influenza-related keywords from December 13, 2016, to March 17, 2018, while the COVID-19 dataset comprised tweets filtered with COVID-19 symptom-related keywords from January 1, 2020, to June 22, 2021. The Twitter datasets were cleaned, and each tweet was annotated by at least two annotators as to whether it suggested recent plausible influenza cases or symptomatic COVID-19 cases. We then assessed the classification performance of pre-trained transformer-based language models, including BERT-base, BERT-large, RoBERTa-base, RoBERT-large, BERTweet-base, BERTweet-covid-base, BERTweet-large, and COVID-Twitter-BERT (CT-BERT) models, on each dataset. To address the notable class imbalance, we experimented with both oversampling and undersampling methods.ResultsThe influenza dataset had 1129 out of 6444 (17.5%) tweets annotated as suggesting recent plausible influenza cases. The COVID-19 dataset had 924 out of 11939 (7.7%) tweets annotated as inferring recent plausible COVID-19 cases. When compared against other language models on the COVID-19 dataset, CT-BERT performed the best, supporting the highest scores for recall (94.8%), F1(94.4%), and accuracy (94.6%). For the influenza dataset, BERTweet models exhibited better performance. Our results also showed that applying data balancing techniques such as oversampling or undersampling method did not lead to improved model performance.ConclusionsUtilizing domain-specific language models for monitoring users’ health experiences related to influenza and COVID-19 on social media shows improved classification performance and has the potential to supplement real-time disease surveillance.
Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous semaglutide in adults with overweight or obese: a subgroup meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Rui , Hou Qin-chuan , Li Bing-hong , Deng Ling , Yang Yu-mei , Li Ting-xin , Yao Xiao-qin , Yang Liang-liang , Lin Xi-long , Liao Yi-qian , Wang Lin , Liu Yu-ping , Tan Jing , Wan Zheng-wei , Shuai Ping 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionSemaglutide shows significant performance on weight reduction in several clinical trials. However, it is not clear what kind of administration frequency or dosage will achieve better effects. This study aims to explore the different therapeutic effect of semaglutide on weight control under the diverse administration circumstances.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and the Clinical Trials.gov were searched from inception until 6 June, 2022 to include randomized controlled trials evaluating the Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous semaglutide in overweight or obese adults. Random effects or fixed effects model was conducted based on the heterogeneity among trials. Subgroup analysis was performed to identify the detailed effects under different intervention situations.Results and discussionOur study included 13 RCTs involving 5,838 participants with 3,794 ones in semaglutide group and 2,044 in placebo group. Semaglutide was associated with a significant reduction on weight loss related outcomes, including the absolute value of weight loss (WMD -8·97, 95% CI -10·73 to -7·21), percentage of weight loss (WMD -10·00, 95% CI -11·99 to -8·00), body mass index (WMD-3·19, 95% CI -4·02 to -2·37) and waist circumference (WMD -7·21,95% CI -8·87 to -5·56). Subgroup analyses illustrated participants with high weekly dosage, long-term treatment duration and severe baseline BMI (Class II obesity) had a more remarkably decreasing on the main outcomes of weight loss (P for interaction&lt;0·05). Total adverse reactions occurred more frequently in the daily administration group than that in the weekly group (P for interaction =0·01). During the treatment, the incidence rate of hypoglycemia was higher in the group without lifestyle intervention compared with that with lifestyle intervention (P for interaction =0·04). Interpretation Subcutaneous semaglutide had significant benefits on weight loss with reasonable safety in overweight or obese adults. Moreover, additional benefits on cardiometabolic profiles were also seen. We recommended semaglutide treatment to be coupled with lifestyle interventions, and target dose of 2·0 mg or more subcutaneously once weekly. Clinicians can choose suitable treatment schemes based on diverse individual situations.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=337099, identifier PROSPERO (CRD42022337099).
Global biomarkers of oxidative stress and fractures: a matched case-control study
Authors: Yang Shuman , Feng Lijie , Lix Lisa M. , Leslie William D. , Guo Dingjie , Shi Xianbao , Yuan Baoming 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundEvidence for a relationship between oxidative stress and osteoporotic fractures in humans is limited. Fluorescent oxidation products (FlOPs, excitation/emission wavelengths 320/420nm denoted FlOP_320; 360/420nm [FlOP_360]; and 400/475nm [FlOP_400]) are global biomarkers of oxidative stress, and reflect oxidative damage to proteins, phospholipids, and nucleic acids. We investigated the association between FlOPs and a recent osteoporotic fracture.MethodsWe conducted a case-control study in a Chinese population aged 50 years or older. A recent osteoporotic fracture in the cases was confirmed by x-ray. Cases were matched with community-based non-fracture controls (1:2 ratio) for age (± 4 years) and sex. In addition, we conducted a sensitivity unmatched case-control study which included all fracture cases and all eligible non-fracture controls prior to matching. Plasma FlOPs were measured with a fluorescent microplate reader. We used unconditional logistic regression to analyze the association between FlOPs (per 1-SD increase in logarithmic scale) and fracture; odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were reported.ResultsForty-four cases and 88 matched controls (mean age: 68.2 years) were included. After covariate adjustment (i.e., body mass index, physical activity, and smoking), higher FlOP_360 (OR = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.03 – 3.34) and FlOP_400 (OR = 13.29; 95% CI = 3.48 – 50.69) levels, but not FlOP_320 (OR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.27 – 1.15), were associated with increased fracture risk. Subgroup analyses by fracture site and unmatched case-control study found comparable associations of FlOP_360 and FlOP_400 with hip and non-hip fractures.ConclusionsHigher FlOP_360 and FlOP_400 levels were associated with increased risk of fracture, and this association was comparable for hip and non-hip fractures. Prospective studies are warranted to confirm this finding.
Hypoparathyroidism-related health care utilization and expenditure during the first postoperative year after total thyroidectomy for cancer: a comprehensive national cohort study
Authors: Benmiloud Fares , Le Bihan Christine , Rebaudet Stanislas , Marino Patricia , Bousquet Philippe-Jean , Bouée-Benhamiche Elsa 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesHypoparathyroidism is the most common complication of total thyroidectomy for cancer, and requires calcium and/or vitamin D supplementation for an unpredictable period of time. The additional cost associated with this complication has not hitherto been assessed. The aim of this study was to assess the economic burden of postoperative hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy for cancer in France.MethodsBased on the French national cancer cohort, which extracts data from the French National Health Data System (SNDS), all adult patients who underwent a total thyroidectomy for cancer in France between 2011 and 2015 were identified, and their healthcare resource use during the first postoperative year was compared according to whether they were treated postoperatively with calcium and/or vitamin D or not. Univariate and multivariate cost analyses were performed with the non-parametric Wilcoxon test and generalized linear model (gamma distribution and log link), respectively.ResultsAmong the 31,175 patients analyzed (75% female, median age: 52y), 13,247 (42%) started calcium and/or vitamin D supplementation within the first postoperative month, and 2,855 patients (9.1%) were still treated at 1 year. Over the first postoperative year, mean overall and specific health expenditures were significantly higher for treated patients than for untreated patients: €7,233 vs €6,934 per patient (p&lt;0.0001) and €478.6 vs €332.7 per patient (p&lt;0.0001), respectively. After adjusting for age, gender, Charlson Comorbidity index, ecological deprivation index, types of thyroid resection, lymph node dissection and complications, year and region, the incremental cost of overall health care utilization was €142 (p&lt;0.004).ConclusionOur study found a significant additional cost in respect of health expenditures for patients who had hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy for cancer, over the first postoperative year. Five-year follow-up is planned to assess the impact of more severe long-term complications on costs.
Genetic insight into the putative causal proteins and druggable targets of osteoporosis: a large-scale proteome-wide mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wu Zhichong , Yang Kenneth Guangpu , Lam Tsz-Ping , Cheng Jack Chun Yiu , Zhu Zezhang , Lee Wayne Yuk-Wai 
Published: June 2023

Background: Osteoporosis is a major causative factor of the global burden of disease and disability, characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and high risks of fracture. We aimed to identify putative causal proteins and druggable targets of osteoporosis.Methods: This study utilized the largest GWAS summary statistics on plasma proteins and estimated heel BMD (eBMD) to identify causal proteins of osteoporosis by mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Different GWAS datasets were used to validate the results. Multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness of primary MR findings. We have also performed an enrichment analysis for the identified causal proteins and evaluated their druggability.Results: After Bonferroni correction, 67 proteins were identified to be causally associated with estimated BMD (eBMD) (p &lt; 4 × 10−5). We further replicated 38 of the 67 proteins to be associated with total body BMD, lumbar spine BMD, femoral neck BMD as well as fractures, such as RSPO3, IDUA, SMOC2, and LRP4. The findings were supported by sensitivity analyses. Enrichment analysis identified multiple Gene Ontology items, including collagen-containing extracellular matrix (GO:0062023, p = 1.6 × 10−10), collagen binding (GO:0005518, p = 8.6 × 10−5), and extracellular matrix structural constituent (GO:0005201, p = 2.7 × 10−5).Conclusion: The study identified novel putative causal proteins for osteoporosis which may serve as potential early screening biomarkers and druggable targets. Furthermore, the role of plasma proteins involved in collagen binding and extracellular matrix in the development of osteoporosis was highlighted. Further studies are warranted to validate our findings and investigate the underlying mechanism.
Desert particulate matter from Afghanistan increases airway obstruction in human distal lungs exposed to type 2 cytokine IL-13
Authors: Cervantes Diana , Schaunaman Niccolette , Downey Gregory P. , Chu Hong Wei , Day Brian J. 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionDeployment related asthma-like symptoms including distal airway obstruction have been described in U.S. military personnel who served in Iraq and Afghanistan. The mechanisms responsible for the development of distal airway obstruction in deployers exposed to desert particulate matter (PM) is not well understood. We sought to determine if respiratory exposure to PM from Afghanistan (PMa) increases human distal airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) with or without exposures to IL-13, a type 2 cytokine. We further tested whether mitochondrial dysfunction, such as ATP signaling and oxidative stress, may contribute to PMa- mediated AHR.MethodsPrecision-cut lung slices from donors without a history of lung disease, tobacco smoking, or vaping were pre-treated with IL-13 for 24 h. This was followed by exposure to PMa or PM from California (PMc, control for PMa) for up to 72 h. The role of hydrogen peroxide and ATP in AHR was assessed using the antioxidant enzyme catalase or an ATP receptor P2Y13 antagonist MRS2211. AHR in response to methacholine challenges as well as cytokine IL-8 production were measured.ResultsPMa alone, but not PMc alone, trended to increase AHR. Importantly, the combination of PMa and IL-13 significantly amplified AHR compared to control or PMc+IL-13. PMa alone and in combination with IL-13 increased IL-8 as compared to the control. PMa increased H2O2 and ATP. MRS211 and catalase reduced AHR in PCLS exposed to both PMa and IL-13.DiscussionOur data suggests that PMa in a type 2 inflammation-high lung increased AHR in part through oxidative stress and ATP signaling.
Changes in grassland soil types lead to different characteristics of bacterial and fungal communities in Northwest Liaoning, China
Authors: Ma Xinwei , Ren Baihui , Yu Jianxin , Wang Jiayu , Bai Long , Li Jiahuan , Li Daiyan , Meng Meng 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionSoil microbial communities are critical in regulating grassland biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functions, but the mechanisms of how environmental factors affect changes in the structural composition and diversity of soil microbial communities in different grassland soil types is not fully understood in northwest Liaoning, China.MethodsWe investigated the characteristics and drivers of bacterial and fungal communities in 4 grassland soil types with 11 sites across this region using high-throughput Illumina sequencing.Results and DiscussionActinobacteria and Ascomycota were the dominant phyla of bacterial and fungal communities, respectively, but their relative abundances were not significantly different among different grassland soil types. The abundance, number of OTUs, number of species and diversity of both bacterial and fungal communities in warm and temperate ecotone soil were the highest, while the warm-temperate shrub soil had the lowest microbial diversity. Besides, environmental factors were not significantly correlated with soil bacterial Alpha diversity index. However, there was a highly significant negative correlation between soil pH and Shannon index of fungal communities, and a highly significant positive correlation between plant cover and Chao1 index as well as Observed species of fungal communities. Analysis of similarities showed that the structural composition of microbial communities differed significantly among different grassland soil types. Meanwhile, the microbial community structure of temperate steppe-sandy soil was significantly different from that of other grassland soil types. Redundancy analysis revealed that soil total nitrogen content, pH and conductivity were important influencing factors causing changes in soil bacterial communities, while soil organic carbon, total nitrogen content and conductivity mainly drove the differentiation of soil fungal communities. In addition, the degree of connection in the soil bacterial network of grassland was much higher than that in the fungal network and soil bacterial and fungal communities were inconsistently limited by environmental factors. Our results showed that the microbial community structure, composition and diversity of different grassland soil types in northwest Liaoning differed significantly and were significantly influenced by environmental factors. Microbial community structure and the observation of soil total nitrogen and organic carbon content can predict the health changes of grassland ecosystems to a certain extent.