bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF VIRTUAL PEER HEALTH SUPPORT IN ALTERNATIVE ILLNESS APPRAISALS AND PATIENT SELF-REAPPRAISAL AFTER CANCER
Authors: Seckin Gul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Technology is transforming how older adults find health-related support and get connected with others who cope with similar healthproblems. This study examined the relationship between virtual peer health support and alternative appraisals of illness experience in old age among people who use the Internet for cancer related support (N=157, Age Range: 50-79, Mean = 57). Regression models with interaction terms examined whether and to what extent virtual peer health support was associated with differential illness appraisal as well as and post-diagnosis self-reappraisal. Results demonstrated that a) perceived benefits of virtual peer health support is a significant predictor of self-reported self-reappraisal (β = .24, p &lt; .01) b) appraisals of illness experience as a traumatic event and/or as a life challenge are both significantly associated with virtual peer health support (β = .18, p &lt; .05 and β = .23, p &lt; .01), and c) appraisal of illness experience as a personal growth growth opportunity is not significantly associated with virtual peer health support (β = .10, p &lt; .23). These results suggest the statistical interactions of the virtual peer health support with illness appraisals are significant predictors of self-reappraisal post-diagnosis. Specifically, those who appraised cancer to have been a traumatic experience and/or life challenge for them perceived virtual peer support to be positively influential on their self-perception after cancer diagnosis, which is in contrast to those who perceived cancer experience as an opportunity for personal growth and thus possibly not deriving further significant additional benefits from virtual peer support.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A WEB-BASED DECISION AID FOR LUNG CANCER SCREENING FOR OLDER CHINESE AMERICANS
Authors: Li Chien-Ching , Matthews Alicia K , Gao Xiaojun , Cheung Krystal 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Low dose computed tomography (LDCT) lung cancer screening is effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In the United States, Chinese Americans are disproportionately impacted by lung cancer compared to other Asian subgroups. Our prior study showed that over 25% of older Chinese male smokers met eligibility for LDCT screening based on the CMS guidelines. However, in general, cancer screening rates among Chinese Americans are lower compared to other Americans. Therefore, we developed a culturally and logistically web-based decision aid (DA) for LDCT screening “Lung Decision Coaching Tool (LDC-T)” to improve the older Chinese American's knowledge of lung cancer and screening and to facilitate the decision making with the physician. Compared to traditional paper-based DA, the LDC-T DA has key elements including video, pack-year calculator, eligibility determination, and visual aids to support comprehension and shared decision-making. We conducted acceptability and usability tests among 22 older Chinese American smokers. The tool was highly received by participants for its usefulness and ease to use. Over 80% reported the way of information presented in LDC-T is "good or very good" and the length of the information is "just right". Overall, the majority were satisfied with the LDC-T DA (95%) and agreed that the tool includes sufficient information for people to make the screening decision (90%) and prepare shared decision making with their healthcare providers (81%). Our study results will inform strategies for reducing lung cancer disparities among Chinese Americans and other underserved smokers thus filling important gaps in the literature.
THE HOPES AND FEARS OF OLDER ADULT, LONG-TERM CANCER SURVIVORS: RACIAL AND GENDER DIFFERENCES
Authors: Deimling Gary , Ciaralli Spencier , Burnham Dyanna , Kavanagh Colleen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Understanding the impact of cancer on the hopes and fears of older adult (age 60+), long-term (5 years +) survivors is important for assessing their quality of life after cancer. Prior quantitative research has shown the important role that cancer plays in the health and psycho-social well-being of survivors in the years and even decades after diagnosis and treatment. This presentation extends that research by examining both quantitative data and survivors’ narratives revealing important issues survivors face such as altered sense of self/identity, feelings of social isolation, key sources of social support as well as cancer and other health-related concerns. These are examined in the context of broader existential issues related to their hopes and fears for the future and differences by race, gender and cancer type are also presented. The data analyzed are from an NCI funded, 10-year longitudinal study based on in-person interviews with 321 survivors of breast, colorectal and prostate cancer to document how cancer-related factors have affected their aspirations for the future. The findings are discussed in the context of how the issues that survivors identified as affecting their hopes and fears may be integrated into the dialogue clinical staff can have with older survivors and their families as part of after-cancer care.
ASSOCIATION OF PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS WITH MORTALITY IN OLDER FEMALE SURVIVORS OF CANCER
Authors: King Jennifer , Lind Kimberly , Morrill Kristin , Thomson Cynthia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Understanding factors associated with survival after a cancer diagnosis among older adults is critical as the population ages and cancer survivorship increases. The purpose of this study was to: (1) identify clusters of postmenopausal cancer survivor characteristics by demographic and lifestyle factors; 2) describe the characteristics of each cluster; and 3) evaluate the association of cluster assignment with survival. Participants from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) who reported either a prevalent cancer diagnosis at baseline (n=14294) or were diagnosed with a first primary incident cancer within the first 10 years of WHI (n=12934) were included. Latent class analysis was used to identify survivor clusters using psychosocial variables. Clusters were characterized using descriptive statistics. We tested for differences in cluster characteristics using ANOVA and Chi-square tests as appropriate. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the association between cluster and mortality. Prevalent (n=7) and incident (n=9) cancer survivors clusters were identified. Among both (prevalent and incident) sets of clusters, age at WHI baseline, age at menopause, race, ethnicity, income, education, body mass index, diet quality, smoking, alcohol consumption and exercise all differed by cluster (p&lt;.0001 for all). The most racially and ethnically diverse cluster had higher mortality rates compared to the largest most homogenous cluster; hazard ratio (95%CI) 1.30 (1.15, 1.48) and 1.33 (1.16, 1.53), respectively. Understanding how clusters of risk factors influence cancer survival in postmenopausal women will inform future interventions to improve outcomes and reduce health disparities for cancer survivors.
COGNITIVE RESERVE, PHYSICAL HEALTH, AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: MacLean Alyssa , Strong Jessica 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Prior research has shown positive relationships between cognitive reserve (CR), physical health, and cognition, meaning that higher levels of physical health and CR are associated with higher cognitive functioning and vice versa. A group of community-dwelling older adults (N = 45, mean age = 70.5 years) completed a measure of CR (Life Experiences Questionnaire; LEQ), as well as cognitive tests, with number of physician diagnosed health conditions and number of medications measuring physical health. Initially, we ran correlations with the intention of running a mediation model (physical health factor as the independent variable, LEQ as the mediator, and cognitive test scores as dependent variables). Significant correlations were found between physical health and CR (r = -0.44, p = .01) with a medium effect size, and between CR and some test scores. However, there were no correlations between physical health and cognitive scores. Therefore, using linear regression analyses, the LEQ significantly predicted scores on some tests of executive functioning (DKEFS: Colour-Word Interference Test; Trial 3: F(1,39) = 7.42, p = .010), and processing speed (DKEFS: combined colour naming/reading: F(1,32) = 4.32, p = .046). However, the LEQ did not significantly predict verbal fluency, any set-switching tests, or a set-switching and inhibition test. Additionally, when physical health was added to the model, there was no significant improvement. The results suggest that CR may predict some types of executive functioning test scores, but not other executive functioning tests. Additionally, physical health did not predict cognitive test scores in this sample.
COHORT SHIFTS IN POPULATION COGNITIVE AGING
Authors: O'Keefe Patrick , Hofer Scott , Voll Stacey , Terrera Graciela Muniz , Wänström Linda , Clousten Sean , Rodgers Joeseph 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Declines in cognitive functioning with increased age, on average and individually, is well documented and demonstrated to be related to genetics and a variety of life course risk factors, many of which are modifiable. Related to population cognitive aging is the phenomenon of the Flynn effect, the finding of increasing cognitive test scores across successive cohorts of young adults (e.g., Flynn 1987). This cohort effect has been repeatedly observed, in a wide variety of contexts, for over 30 years, with evidence that it has been occurring for at least a century. Our research looks at the interaction of the population cognitive aging and the Flynn effect. Using data from the English Longitudinal Survey of Ageing (ELSA) we show that, indeed, later born cohorts show significant (and meaningful) differences from earlier born cohorts. Using nonlinear Bayesian modeling we find that, on certain measures, later born cohorts have higher initial ability. This higher ability leads to a persistent advantage for later born cohorts, even as they experience (or will experience) cognitive decline. Additionally, we find that the advantage for later born cohorts is not present for every measure. Later born cohorts show an advantage for verbal fluency and episodic memory, however there is no cohort advantage on orientation scores. The lack of measurable differences on orientation is likely due to ceiling effects on orientation, which suggests that any substantial decline on that measure is indicative of pathology. We discuss the potential factors underlying both population cognitive aging and recent birth cohort trends.
EARLY LIFE ADVERSITY, ALLOSTATIC LOAD, AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION AMONG MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER ADULTS
Authors: D'Amico Danielle , Amestoy Maya , Fiocco Alexandra 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Early life adversity (ELA) is consequential for poor cognitive health in mid to late life. ELA is associated with higher allostatic load (AL), a biological indicator of physiological dysregulation due to cumulative wear-and-tear from chronic stress. Higher AL is also associated with poorer cognitive function across the lifespan. To date, however, a paucity of research has investigated AL as a mechanism through which ELA impacts cognition. Using cross-sectional data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Study, the objective of this study was to investigate the mediating role of AL in the relationship between ELA and cognitive performance (global cognition, episodic memory, executive function) among middle-aged and older adults without cognitive impairment (n=1541, mean age=53±12, 53% female). ELA, including physical, emotional, and sexual experiences, was measured retrospectively using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. AL was composed of 20 biomarker proxies of neuroendocrine, metabolic, inflammatory, and cardiovascular systems, stratified by sex. Cognitive performance was evaluated using a battery of neuropsychological tests from the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone. Controlling for age, education, and ethnicity, AL significantly mediated the relationship between ELA and global cognition (ß=-0.01,95%CI[-0.02,-0.003]) and executive function (ß=-0.01,95%CI[-0.02,-0.003]) such that higher ELA was associated with higher AL, and higher AL was associated with poorer global cognition and executive function. No such effects were found for episodic memory. Consistent with the biopsychosocial lifespan model of cognitive aging, findings suggest that ELA may become biologically embedded over time to negatively impact cognitive function in later adulthood in a domain-specific manner.
PHYSIOLOGICAL DYSREGULATION AS A PREDICTOR OF COGNITIVE DECLINE
Authors: Mahon Elizabeth , Merkin Sharon Stein , Lachman Margie , Karlamangla Arun , Seeman Teresa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Preclinical indicators of disease such as inflammation, cortisol and glucose dysregulation, and multisystem dysregulation (allostatic load) are related to individual differences in the level of cognitive functioning across adulthood. This study examined whether individual biological systems and allostatic load are related to differential patterns of change in cognitive functioning over 9 years. Data are from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study second (biomarker and cognitive) and third waves (cognitive). The sample includes 863 men and women who ranged in age from 35 to 85 when the data were first collected. MIDUS biomarkers include a comprehensive range of biological and anthropometric measurements reflecting cardiovascular functioning, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, inflammation, HPA axis function, as well as sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system function. Summary indices of dysregulation in each of these major systems as well as an overall index of multi-system dysregulation, or allostatic load were examined in relation to 9-year changes in episodic memory and executive functioning from the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone. Regression analyses, controlling for preexisting diseases and medications, showed that higher allostatic load was associated with decreased executive functioning over time for those who started out with higher cognitive performance at baseline, after adjusting for age, gender, race, English language, education, neurological conditions, medication use and smoking. Identifying biomarkers as antecedents of cognitive changes in midlife and old age, can potentially aid in the early detection of cognitive impairments and increase the possibilities for preventive interventions.
PREFRONTAL BLOOD FLOW DURING DUAL-TASK WALKING IN ADULTS WITH AND WITHOUT MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
Authors: Argilaga Cristina Udina , Avtzi Stella , Durduran Turgut , Rosso Andrea , Mota Miriam , Ars Joan , Inzitari Marco 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Blood flow differences in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during dual-task walking are thought to indicate various degrees of neural efficiency. Individuals with poorer neural resources might need higher activation to meet behavioral performance. We aim to assess PFC cerebral blood flow (CBF) among older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) during dual-task using functional Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy (fDCS).

Methods
We assessed PFC CBF with DCS during dual-task paradigm: 1)Normal Walk(NW); 2)Forward-count(FWC); 3)Backward-count(BWC); 4)Obstacle negotiation(WWO). We assessed demographics, clinical variables, physical and cognitive function in those with MCI vs normal cognition (NC). Linear mixed effects models assessed changes of CBF across the tests in the dual-task paradigm and differences between MCI and NC.

Results
49 older adults (median age=78 years, 51% women, 34 MCI) were included. MCI were older, with higher frailty, polypharmacy and comorbidity. Compared to NC, MCI showed worse cognitive and physical performance scores and lower Gait Speed (GS) during NW and WWO but not during FWC and BWC. N=12 were unable to perform BWC. CBF change from NW to FWC was higher in MCI compared to NC (estimate=0.35, 95%CI [0.03, 0.67], p=0.03). CBF change from NW to BWC and WWO was not different between groups. There was no effect of age or clinical covariates.

Conclusions
Higher NW-FWC CBF change seems due to the cognitive load of FWC in MCI. Higher activation in MCI compared to healthier counterparts could be explained by compensatory mechanisms. Further research should focus on better understanding dual-task related neural mechanisms.
PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MOTORIC COGNITIVE RISK IN A COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER SCOTTISH POPULATION
Authors: Mullin Donncha , Stirland Lucy , Russ Tom , Luciano Michelle , Terrera Graciela Muniz 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Motoric Cognitive Risk (MCR) syndrome combines slow walking and self-reported cognitive complaints. It is a quick and simple way of identifying individuals at high risk of developing dementia. MCR has not been described in a Scottish population to date. This study describes the prevalence and associated factors of MCR in a community-dwelling sample of older Scottish people. The MCR concept was derived in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936) - a highly phenotyped cohort of over 1000 people followed up every 3 years since 2004. Uniquely, participants in LBC1936 had their IQ measured at age 11 in 1936. Authors found MCR prevalence of approximately 5.4% at baseline. Using logistic and linear regression analysis, as appropriate, they found that participants' age, depressive symptoms and cognitive measures of executive function were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of have MCR, but that IQ aged 11 was not associated. This study found rates of MCR in Scotland are within the typical range for this age group, albeit on the lower end. Interestingly, IQ at age 11 was not significantly associated with MCR, which was unexpected given MCR's prognostic value for dementia. That tests of executive function were associated with MCR adds further credence to the hypothesis that walking speed and executive function are linked. This points to further important work to ascertain if increasing walking speed can improve executive function.
SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BODY COMPOSITION AND 2-YEAR CHANGE IN COGNITIVE FUNCTION
Authors: Lee Daehyun , Kim Miji , Shin Hyung Eun , Jang Jae Young , Won Chang Won 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the process of aging, the loss of lean mass and increase in fat mass are associated with cognitive decline. This study investigated sex differences in the association between body composition and changes in cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults in Korea. A total of 1,420 participants (aged 70–84 years, 54.2% men) of the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study with data from baseline and 2-year follow-up surveys were included. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and cognitive function was assessed using the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Packet. The total fat mass was lower in men than in women (p&lt; 0.001), whereas total lean mass was higher in men than in women (p&lt; 0.001). Total body fat mass was positively associated with the time taken to finish the Trail Making Test-A only in women (standardized beta coefficient [ß]= -1.371, p=0.018), and a negative association was observed between trunk fat mass and digit span total only in men (ß= -0.092, p=0.039). Appendicular lean mass was significantly positively associated with word list recognition only in women (ß=0.087, p=0.010) and was significantly positively associated with digit span total (ß=0.108, p=0.027) and digit span forward (ß=0.081, p=0.025) only in men. The results of this study indicated that higher fat mass was associated with the protection of decline in cognitive function only in women, while lean mass was positively associated with a change in cognitive function in both sexes.
SKELETAL MUSCLE ADIPOSITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER COGNITION IN AFRICAN CARIBBEAN WOMEN
Authors: Acevedo-Fontanez Adrianna , Cvejkus Ryan , Kuipers Allison , Zmuda Joseph , Rosano Caterina , Miljkovic Iva 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
Skeletal muscle adiposity (SMA) increases with aging and is recognized as a major risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases, disability, and mortality among older adults. Obesity is related to dementia and cognitive decline yet the relationship between SMA and cognition remains ill defined. The objective of this study was to assess SMA and cognitive function among African Caribbean women.Design and

Methods
Cross-sectional analysis of 448 African Caribbean women in the Tobago Health Study (mean age, 55 years; range, 39-84 years). Cognition was assessed by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), a test of information processing speed with a range of 0-90; higher scores suggest better cognitive function (faster information processing speed). Calf SMA (muscle density) was assessed with computed tomography (Stratec XCT-2000). Linear regression was used to assess the association of SMA with DSST adjusted for age, education, muscle area, waist circumference, alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity, diabetes, and hypertension.

Results
Participants had a BMI of 30.7 kg/m2. Mean (SD) DSST scores and SMA were 39.2 (13.1) and 71.7 (5.3) mg/cm3, respectively. After full adjustment, we found that one SD greater skeletal muscle adiposity was associated with a 1.40 lower DSST score (p-value=0.025).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that in African Caribbean women, greater SMA is associated with slower information processing speed, an early indicator of future dementia risk. Future studies using an expanded battery of cognitive tests and longitudinal follow-up should further advance our understanding of the role of SMA and dementia risk among African ancestry populations.
PERSON-CENTERED LANGUAGE-BASED STRATEGIES USED BY HOME CARE WORKERS WHO CARE FOR PERSONS LIVING WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Mundadan Reanne , Savundranayagam Marie , Orange Joseph , Murray Laura 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Several studies recommend language-based strategies for communication with persons living with dementia. Language-based strategies improve coherence, clarity, reciprocity, and continuity of interactions. Person-centered communication (PCC) strategies are the gold standard, including facilitation, recognition, validation, and negotiation. Only one study has examined the overlap between language-based strategies and PCC in long-term care. Little is known about which language-based strategies support PCC in home care. Accordingly, this study investigated the overlap between language-based strategies and PCC in home care interactions. Conversation analysis of 30 audio-recorded routine care interactions between home care workers and persons living with dementia was conducted. The overlap between communication-units coded for PCC and 33 language-based strategies was analyzed. Of 11,347 communication-units, 2,664 overlapped with PCC. For facilitation, 21% were yes/no questions and 15% were announcements of action/intent. For recognition, 25% were yes/no questions and 22% were affirmations. For validation, the majority (81%) of communication-units were affirmations and positive feedback. Finally, for negotiation, 60% of communication-units were yes/no questions. This is the first study examining naturalistic interactions between home care workers and persons living with dementia. The findings highlight the person-centeredness of language-based strategies. Yet only six of 33 language -based strategies occurred in the top 50% of overlapping communication-units. Home care workers in this study use a uniform set of person-centered language-based strategies, illustrated by the frequent use of yes/no questions overlapping with most PCC indicators. Our findings emphasize the need for training among home care workers in the use of diverse language-based strategies that are potentially person-centered.