bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong ethanol- and frequency-dependent ecological interactions in a community of wine-fermenting yeasts
Authors: Lax Simon , Gore Jeff 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNatural wine fermentation depends on a complex consortium of native microorganisms rather than inoculation of industrial yeast strains. While this diversity of yeasts can result in an increased repertoire of wine flavors and aromas, it can also result in the inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is uniquely able to complete fermentation. Understanding how yeast species interact with each other within the wine-fermenting community and disentangling ecological interactions from environmental impacts on growth rates, is key to developing synthetic communities that can provide the sensory benefits of natural fermentation while lowering the risk of stuck ferments. Here, we co-culture all pairwise combinations of five commonly isolated wine-fermenting yeasts and show that competitive outcomes are a strong function of ethanol concentration, with frequency-dependent bistable interactions common at low alcohol and an increasingly transitive competitive hierarchy developing as alcohol increases. We also show that pairwise outcomes are predictive of five-species community outcomes, and that frequency dependence in pairwise interactions propagates to alternative states in the full community, highlighting the importance of species abundance as well as composition. We also observe that monoculture growth rates are only weakly predictive of competitive success, highlighting the need to incorporate ecological interactions when designing synthetic fermenting communities.
Minimum conditions for accurate modeling of urea production via co-electrolysis
Authors: Urrego-Ortiz Ricardo , Builes Santiago , Illas Francesc , Bromley Stefan T. , Figueiredo Marta Costa , Calle-Vallejo Federico 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCo-electrolysis of carbon oxides and nitrogen oxides promise to simultaneously help restore the balance of the C and N cycles while producing valuable chemicals such as urea. However, co-electrolysis processes are still largely inefficient and numerous knowledge voids persist. Here, we provide a solid thermodynamic basis for modelling urea production via co-electrolysis. First, we determine the energetics of aqueous urea produced under electrochemical conditions based on experimental data, which enables an accurate assessment of equilibrium potentials and overpotentials. Next, we use density functional theory (DFT) calculations to model various co-electrolysis reactions producing urea. The calculated reaction free energies deviate significantly from experimental values for well-known GGA, meta-GGA and hybrid functionals. These deviations stem from errors in the DFT-calculated energies of molecular reactants and products. In particular, the error for urea is approximately -0.25 ± 0.10 eV. Finally, we show that all these errors introduce large inconsistencies in the calculated free-energy diagrams of urea production via co-electrolysis, such that gas-phase corrections are strongly advised.
Bright and dark Talbot pulse trains on a chip
Authors: Wu Jiaye , Clementi Marco , Nitiss Edgars , Hu Jianqi , Lafforgue Christian , Brès Camille-Sophie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTemporal Talbot effect, the intriguing phenomenon of the self-imaging of optical pulse trains, is extensively investigated using macroscopic components. However, the ability to manipulate pulse trains, either bright or dark, through the Talbot effect on integrated photonic chips to replace bulky instruments has rarely been reported. Here, we design and experimentally demonstrate a proof-of-principle integrated silicon nitride device capable of imprinting the Talbot phase relation onto in-phase optical combs and generating the two-fold self-images at the output. We show that the GHz-repetition-rate bright and dark pulse trains can be doubled without affecting their spectra as a key feature of the temporal Talbot effect. The designed chip can be electrically tuned to switch between pass-through and repetition-rate-multiplication outputs and is compatible with other related frequencies. The results of this work lay the foundations for the large-scale system-on-chip photonic integration of Talbot-based pulse multipliers, enabling the on-chip flexible up-scaling of pulse trains’ repetition rate without altering their amplitude spectra.
U.S. cities’ integration and evaluation of equity considerations into climate action plans
Authors: Caggiano Holly , Kocakuşak Diren , Kumar Pranay , Tier Melissa O. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhile cities in the United States play an active role developing and implementing climate policy, urban centers are often sites of socio-spatial inequity. Thus, we explore how cities grapple with these inequities in their Climate Action Plans (CAPs). While CAPs can empower cities to engage in equitable planning practices that prioritize marginalized communities, little empirical research examines how equity goals are measured and evaluated. We find that among large U.S. cities with CAPs, less than one third include measurable indicators to evaluate progress towards achieving equity goals. Across climate adaptation and mitigation planning, nineteen cities consider equity goals as they relate to ten thematic areas, six outcomes, and five dimensions of equity. We suggest ways forward for cities to develop, implement, and measure a diverse and holistic set of equity indicators to use in their climate planning efforts and beyond.
Low-temperature hysteresis broadening emerging from domain-wall creep dynamics in a two-phase competing system
Authors: Matsuura Keisuke , Nishizawa Yo , Kinoshita Yuto , Kurumaji Takashi , Miyake Atsushi , Oike Hiroshi , Tokunaga Masashi , Tokura Yoshinori , Kagawa Fumitaka 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHysteretic behaviour accompanies any first-order phase transition, forming a basis for many applications. However, its quantitative understanding remains challenging, and even a qualitative understanding of pronounced hysteresis broadening at low temperature, which is often observed in magnetic-field-induced first-order phase transition materials, is unclear. Here, we show that such pronounced hysteresis broadening emerges if the phase-front velocity during the first-order phase transition exhibits an activated behaviour as a function of both temperature and magnetic field. This is demonstrated by using real-space magnetic imaging techniques, for the magnetic-field-induced first-order phase transition between antiferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic phases in (Fe0.95Zn0.05)2Mo3O8. When combined with the Kolmogorov-Avrami-Ishibashi model, the observed activated temperature- and field-dependences of the growth velocity of the emerging antiferromagnetic domain quantitatively reproduce the pronounced hysteresis broadening. Furthermore, the same approach also reproduces the field-sweep-rate dependence of the transition field observed in the experiment. Our findings thus provide a quantitative and comprehensive understanding of pronounced hysteresis broadening from the microscopic perspective of domain growth.
Record low Antarctic sea ice coverage indicates a new sea ice state
Authors: Purich Ariaan , Doddridge Edward W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn February 2023, Antarctic sea ice set a record minimum; there have now been three record-breaking low sea ice summers in seven years. Following the summer minimum, circumpolar Antarctic sea ice coverage remained exceptionally low during the autumn and winter advance, leading to the largest negative areal extent anomalies observed over the satellite era. Here, we show the confluence of Southern Ocean subsurface warming and record minima and suggest that ocean warming has played a role in pushing Antarctic sea ice into a new low-extent state. In addition, this new state exhibits different seasonal persistence characteristics, suggesting that the underlying processes controlling Antarctic sea ice coverage may have altered.
Likelihood function modelling of radar targets under high‐speed observation
Authors: Zhang YongQiang , Song ZhiYong , Lan ChuJun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe likelihood ratio function of the target plays a crucial role in applications such as tracking before detection (TBD). In the framework of random finite sets, the performance of radar target TBD based on particle filters is limited by the performance of the likelihood ratio function. Traditional likelihood ratio functions only consider the likelihood ratio between the target and background noise, thus requiring a high signal‐to‐noise (SNR) ratio for the input signal. In scenarios where the observation time interval is extremely short, there exists a strong autocorrelation between the complex amplitudes of the radar target at different time instants. Based on this characteristic, an autoregressive model is utilized to establish the autocorrelation of the target complex amplitudes and update the target's complex amplitudes using a Kalman filter. The likelihood ratio is derived from the model and it is compared with the traditional likelihood ratio under pulse‐Doppler radar. This comparison aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed likelihood ratio. Due to the fact that this likelihood ratio only requires the extraction of the complex amplitudes of the target scattering centre, without the need to extract the energy around the scattering centre like traditional point spread function methods, the algorithm complexity is greatly reduced, enabling real‐time operation of the proposed method.
Vulnerability assessment of cyber‐physical power systems considering failure propagation: A percolation‐based approach
Authors: Tu Teng , Liao Yingqi , Li Xue , Wang Liwei , Zhang Fang , Guo Xuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDue to the increasing interdependencies of power networks (PNs) and communication networks (CNs) in cyber‐physical power systems (CPPSs), the interdependent networks tend to be more vulnerable since failures could propagate recursively between the two networks. However, there is little study on the vulnerability analysis of CPPSs considering unexpected disruptive events or adversarial attacks. Despite being a useful tool for evaluating cascading failures in interdependent networks, the topology‐based percolation theory does not apply to CPPSs as neglecting the propagation dynamics and power flow characteristics. To this end, this paper improves the percolation theory by modelling the failure propagation mechanism to assess the vulnerability of CPPSs. Firstly, a percolation‐based failure propagation simulator (PFPS) is developed, wherein the virus‐caused propagation dynamics of the cyber layer, flow‐based failure propagation mode of the physical layer, and multi‐state interdependences between the cyber layer and physical layer are incorporated. By considering the nodal states and flow‐related operating states, percolation equations and termination conditions of PFPS are formulated. Based on the calculation results of PFPS, metrics in terms of topological integrity, power supply reliability, and failure probability are constructed to quantify both system and component vulnerability. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by the test CPPSs.
Lung segmentation in chest X‐ray image using multi‐interaction feature fusion network
Authors: Xu Xuebin , Lei Meng , Liu Dehua , Wang Muyu , Lu Longbin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLung segmentation is an essential step in a computer‐aided diagnosis system for chest radiographs. The lung parenchyma is first segmented in pulmonary computer‐aided diagnosis systems to remove the interference of non‐lung regions while increasing the effectiveness of the subsequent work. Nevertheless, most medical image segmentation methods nowadays use U‐Net and its variants. These variant networks perform poorly in segmentation to detect smaller structures and cannot accurately segment boundary regions. A multi‐interaction feature fusion network model based on Kiu‐Net is presented in this paper to address this problem. Specifically, U‐Net and Ki‐Net are first utilized to extract high‐level and detailed features of chest images, respectively. Then, cross‐residual fusion modules are employed in the network encoding stage to obtain complementary features from these two networks. Second, the global information module is introduced to guarantee the segmented region's integrity. Finally, in the network decoding stage, the multi‐interaction module is presented, which allows to interact with multiple kinds of information, such as global contextual information, branching features, and fused features, to obtain more practical information. The performance of the proposed model was assessed on both the Montgomery County (MC) and Shenzhen datasets, demonstrating its superiority over existing methods according to the experimental results.
Bidirectional push–pull/H‐bridge converter for low‐voltage energy storage system
Authors: Oh Yun‐Gyeong , Kwon Owon , Kwon Jung‐Min 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA bidirectional push–pull/H‐bridge DC/DC converter for a low‐voltage energy storage system is proposed in this paper. It comprises the push–pull converter, the phase‐shifted H‐bridge converter, and the transformer. The push–pull converter is connected to the low‐voltage side, and it is controlled by 0.5 fixed duty ratio. The phase‐shifted H‐bridge converter is connected to the high‐voltage side, and it is controlled by an extended phase shift scheme with zero voltage switching (ZVS). Compared with the conventional dual active bridge (DAB) DC/DC converter, the proposed converter has a simple structure—there are only two power switches with a common ground and simple gate‐driving circuits in the low‐voltage side. The 600‐W laboratory prototype was developed to confirm the theoretical analysis and the validity of the proposed converter.
An improved standalone photovoltaic system with hybrid dual integral sliding mode and model predictive control for MPPT
Authors: Priyadarshi Neeraj , Sanjeevikumar P. , Bhaskar M. S. , Azam Farooque , Muyeen S. M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this research paper, a double diode model‐based photovoltaic (PV) system with a proposed hybrid dual integral sliding mode control (DISMC) and model predictive control (MPC) based maximum power point tracker (MPPT) has been started for a standalone power system. Compared with the single diode model, the advanced model dual diode provides accurate maximum power point (MPP) estimation with high velocity and more searching efficiency. It also delivers the extrapolation of current‐voltage characteristics of the photovoltaic system under any weather situation. Compared to classical sliding mode control (SMC) and dual integral sliding mode controller (DISMC) based MPPT, the proposed hybrid dual integral sliding mode controller (DISMC) and model predictive control (MPC) MPPT provide high, robust behavior with minimized steady‐state error. A high gain multilevel boost converter is employed, which provides an output voltage directly proportional to the level number. Moreover, the predictive model controller extracts peak power from the PV module by predicting errors in further sampling periods and switching pulses. The proposed hybrid MPPT method provides a fixed switching frequency of a high gain multilevel boost converter under varying environmental and loading conditions. Practical responses justify the capability of advanced MPPT control using the dSPACEDS1104 platform.
System Configuration Evaluation for a Province-Wide Clinical Information System Using the eSafety Checklist
Authors: Sutton Reed T. , Dhillon-Chattha Pritma , Kumagai Jason , Pitamber Tiffany , Meurer David P. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background According to Digital Health Canada 2013 eSafety Guidelines, an estimated one-third of patient safety incidents following implementation of clinical information systems (CISs) are technology-related. An eSafety checklist was previously developed to improve CIS safety by providing a comprehensive listing of system-agnostic, evidence-based configuration recommendations.
Objectives We sought to use the checklist to support safe initial configuration of a provincial system-wide CIS (Alberta, Canada), referred to as Connect Care.
Methods The checklist was applied to 13 Connect Care modules in three successive phases. First, the checklist was adapted to an abbreviated high-priority version. Second, demonstrations of each module were recorded. Finally, independent evaluation of each recording was conducted by two eSafety evaluators using the abbreviated eSafety checklist.
Results All modules achieved greater than 72% compliance, with an average of 84%. Overall, 273 opportunities for improvement were identified, with four major areas or themes emerging: (1) inconsistent date and time, (2) unclear patient identification, (3) ineffective alert system, and (4) insufficient decision support. These opportunities were forwarded to the appropriate build teams for review and implementation.
Conclusion This work is the first to utilize the eSafety checklist in a real-world CIS, which will become one of the largest in Canada. The checklist has shown clinical applicability in identifying gaps in CIS configuration and should be considered for use in future and pre-existing CISs.
An economic analysis of crop diversification and dynamics of cropping pattern in Karnataka, India
Authors: Felix K.Thomas , Ramappa K. B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe extent and nature of crop diversification and dynamics of cropping pattern in Karnataka state has been analyzed using secondary data collected from different publish sources of Directorate of Economics and Statistics (DES), Bangalore, Karnataka from a period of 1998–99 to 2020–21 (i.e., 23 years). Composite Entropy Index (CEI), double log model and Markov chain analysis were applied to assess the determinants of crop diversification and dynamics of cropping pattern in Karnataka. Results of C.E.I indicates that Kodagu, Dakshina kannada, Yadgir, Udupi and Shivamogga has low crop diversification. Although Karnataka’s crop diversification values show a positive trend but its coefficient value is almost zero. It shows that there is a threat for Karnataka’s crop diversification. The transition probability matrix diagram indicated that although cereals and millet groups occupied a larger share in terms of area under crops, it has a negative net gain in the probability of area retention. Double log model results revealed that the variable like MSP of coarse cereal, percentage of gross irrigated area to net irrigated area, credit inflow in to agricultural sector by the scheduled commercial bank and length of national highways are influencing the crop diversification positively. Therefore, the establishment of fundamental infrastructure, such as reliable irrigation water supply, access to credit, and well-developed transportation networks, is a crucial prerequisite for creating favorable conditions to promote agricultural development and crop diversification. These parameters have been identified as influential factors that shape the nature and extent of crop diversification. By addressing these infrastructure needs, it becomes possible to foster an environment conducive to agricultural growth and facilitate the process of diversification.
Impact of school values on mass media preference and usage: a study of a private university in North Central, Nigeria
Authors: Mkperedem Abigail Affiong , Oye Joseph Adeniyi , Etta-Oyong Stephen Otu , Adedayo Ruth Adefunke , Ayomide Ibrahim Abdul-Lateef , Afolabi Abiodun Olawale , Abang Cyril , Erondu Udochukwu Iheanacho , Olusegun Daniel Ilesanmi , Asemokhai Oluwatosin Alexandra , Okonta Omebere Winifred 
Published: September 2023

AbstractResearch on communications has consistently demonstrated that mass media is predicted to have a strong influence on students’ behavior and their overall disposition to academic performance. However, how school values influence media preference and use is less well investigated. This study investigated whether school values influence media preference and the purpose of using media in a private university in North Central, Nigeria in Nigeria. The study adopted a triangulating type of mixed method research design and stratified sampling technique in recruiting 390 respondents. Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 22 was used in analysing the returned questionnaires, while five (5) in-depth interviews were content analyzed. The study used both the descriptive and inferential methods of data analysis. The findings of the study revealed a decline in the reading of print media. The study also found that there was a positive relationship between school values and media preference. Further, findings revealed a non-existing relationship between the purpose for using mass media and school values. The study concluded that though, mass media, students, and the broad social system (university) are all interconnected, general institutional core values may not necessarily be upheld as individual values as reflected in the different purposes for using media by students’. The study recommends that lecturers should recommend print media sections for academic work.
Towards resilient neighbourhood governance: social tensions in Shanghai’s gated communities before and during the pandemic
Authors: He Jinliao , Zhang Yuan , Yi Zhenzhen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGreat attention has recently been drawn to the discussion of the resilience of neighbourhood governance as part of the response to threats such as pandemics and climate change. This article conceptualises resilient neighbourhood governance by highlighting the importance of the historical development of collaborative governance in the response mechanism during crises. The social tensions in three typical gated communities in Shanghai before and during the pandemic were empirically investigated through an event system analysis, and the findings suggest that a counterbalance game is co-played by the stakeholders within the triangular state–market–society structure in neighbourhood governance. Whereas state power, represented by the street office and residential committee, held a dominant position in the monitoring of nonstate organisations and mitigated conflicts between society and the market, civic participation, which was less conspicuous in daily management, played a substantial role in maintaining basic order and the supply of life necessities during COVID-19. The market functioned by providing professional services and transmitting information between residents and local governmental agencies. This study helps policymakers, community managers, urban planners, and urban studies researchers to form a more thorough understanding of the resilience of neighbourhood governance in both everyday life and during crisis management.
Theoretical modeling of the terahertz spectrum of l-tyrosine leads to experimental verification of previously unobserved vibrational mode
Authors: Sanders T. J. , Allen J. L. , Horvat J. , Lewis R. A. 
Published: September 2023

We have calculated the theoretical terahertz spectrum of the amino acid l-tyrosine using density functional theory (DFT). We tried two electron density functionals, Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) and PBE-d3. PBE-d3 includes dispersion corrections to build in van der Waals interactions, which play a role in intermolecular bonding. Both DFT models predicted a low-frequency mode that has not been previously reported. We designed an experiment to search for this mode. Using a deliberately thick sample, intense synchrotron radiation, low temperatures, and temperature variation has enabled us to observe a new resonance at 1.79 ±0.01 THz. While the PBE and PBE-d3 spectra are similar and both match the low-energy experimental data, overall the PBE-d3 appears to be slightly superior. Further refinement still of the functional may lead to even better agreement with experiment above 2.4 THz.