bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient analysis of SIRIO using RELAP5/MOD3.3 system code
Authors: Molinari Martina , Narcisi Vincenzo , Caramello Marco , Tarantino Mariano , Giannetti Fabio 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The main outcome of the present paper is the feasibility analysis of SIRIO (Sistema di rimozione della Potenza di decadimento per Reattori InnOvativi) facility with conditions based on those of its reference facility. The aim of SIRIO project is to study an innovative Decay Heat Removal System (DHRS) for liquid metal reactor and advanced Light Water Reactor (LWR). Such system must ensure passive control of the power removed from the primary system in abnormal condition, and must ensure reactor cooling in both short and long term. This study present numerical simulations developed with RELAP5/MOD3.3, of two operational procedures: the first one is a steady-state and the second one is a transient phase with decay heat generation. The thermal-hydraulic model, developed with RELAP5/MOD3.3, simulates the whole facility including lines, valves, water and gas tanks, and the Molten Salts (MS) gap. Since there is not experimental data, the present paper is a pre-test study based on SIRO facility design.
The effect of different sediment conditions on CO2-CH4 replacement in natural gas hydrates
Authors: Castellani Beatrice , Gambelli Alberto Maria , Minelli Giorgio , Rossi Federico 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Natural gas hydrates are the largest reservoir of natural gas on earth and represent an important solution for the transition from the actual energy scenario to a renewable one. Methane, contained in hydrate reservoirs, can be replaced with carbon dioxide, so that the obtained fuel is neutral in terms of climate-changing emissions and therefore equivalent to renewable energy sources. The experimental tests presented in this paper are devoted to study the CO2-CH4 replacement process in natural gas hydrates in presence of water salt. Test are carried out in a lab scale reactor of 1 l volume. The investigation aims at obtaining data on methane recovery rate, CO2 sequestration, composition of the obtained outlet CO2/CH4 mixture, as well as spatial distribution of hydrates thanks to the analysis of temperature profiles. Temperature analysis is used to determine hydrates’ spatial distribution within the sediment. The number of methane hydrate moles formed with salt water is lower than that with pure water. During CO2 injection, not only CH4-CO2 replacement took place, but also new CO2 hydrate formation. The exchange factor, in fact, ranges from 0.11 to 0.4 for tests with salt.
Microgrid application of liquefied air energy storage (LAES) systems
Authors: Castellani Beatrice , Kaur Parminder , Sciacovelli Adriano , Rossi Federico , Ding Yulong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
An energy and economic analysis on small-scale LAES (liquefied air energy storage) system is presented. The LAES operative parameters were analyzed via MATLAB simulations. The optimal case is given with a flowrate of 1000 kg/h and 4 turbine expansions, resulting in a net electric power output in the discharging process of 260 kW and the optimal values are 450 K for inlet temperature and 150 bar for the discharge pressure. For the charging process the specific consumption is significantly affected by the storage pressure. Also the round trip efficiency is influenced by the storage pressure: for a storage pressure of 8 bar, it is about 25% compared to the 12% in case of a storage pressure equal to 1.10 bar. The LCOS obtained is between 1.2 €/kWh and 1.8 €/kWh. This values are higher than other results in literature due to the scale of the system.
Experimental Characterization of the Airflow within a Car Cabin
Authors: Bertone M. , Sciacchitano A. , Arpino F. , Canale C. , Cortellessa G. , Grossi G. , Moretti L. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The ventilation flow in a car cabin has been experimentally investigated. The study has been carried out in a car commercially available, by testing one ventilation mode (panel-vent mode) at one fan strength (level 3 of the 4 available) with fresh air intake (without any re-circulation). The flow velocity at the exit of the vents has been measured using a 5-hole pressure probe. The flow velocity fields inside the car cabin have been measured by particle image velocimetry (PIV) in three longitudinal sections: (i) the car centre plane, including both the front and rear area; (ii) the driver’s seat centre plane, only in the front area; (iii) the passenger’s seat centre plane, only in the front area. At these longitudinal planes, the time-average flow velocity is presented and discussed. The experimental results provide new insights in the ventilation flow in a car cabin.
Experimental analysis of drop size distribution and nucleation site density during dropwise condensation from humid air flow
Authors: Mirafiori M , Tancon M , Bortolin S , Martucci A , Del Col D 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Condensation of the water vapor present in the air is a heat and mass transfer process encountered in many applications as humid air dehumidification and water harvesting. Depending on the wettability characteristics of the surface, condensation can take place in filmwise mode or in dropwise mode with the formation of discrete liquid droplets over the condensing surface. While dropwise condensation (DWC) of pure steam was found to promote a considerable enhancement of the heat transfer compared to filmwise condensation, when dealing with humid air DWC more investigation is needed. Modeling of DWC from humid air requires the calculation of the heat flow rate through a single droplet and the determination of the drop-size distribution. The heat exchanged through a single droplet depends on the heat and mass transfer resistances, while the drop-size distribution is also affected by nucleation site density and droplets mobility. Therefore, to better understand the DWC phenomenon with humid air and for the validation of the models, it is necessary to measure the heat flux (total and latent), droplet population and nucleation site density. In the present work, condensation tests from humid air are performed over two square (40 mm x 40 mm) aluminum samples that display different wettability. The experimental apparatus consists of a closed air loop with two main components: the environmental chamber and the test chamber. The air is conditioned in the environmental chamber and then it flows inside the test section where the vapor present in the humid air is condensed over the vertical metallic sample. Two variable speed fans are used to circulate the air. The test section is designed for heat and mass transfer measurements and for simultaneous visualization of the condensation process. As a peculiar characteristic of the present experimental technique, all the test section assembly is suspended on a high precision balance allowing a precise measurement of the mass of condensate. The effect of surface wettability on the heat and mass transfer during DWC is investigated. Time-lapse videos of the condensation process are acquired at different magnifications. By using a homemade MATLAB® program for droplet detection, recorded images are analysed allowing the determination of both the drop size density distribution (small and large droplet population) and the nucleation sites density.
Condensation heat transfer of superheated vapour of R1234ze(E) and R134a inside a brazed plate heat exchanger
Authors: Cattelan G , Azzolin M , Diani A , Rossetto L , Del Col D 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The recent restrictions on the use of refrigerants with high Global Warming Potential (GWP) have pushed the research to consider alternative solutions, such as the HydroFluoroOlefins, as possible replacements. Even though they are generally mildly flammable, their GWP is significantly lower compared to those of the HydroFluoroCarbons. This paper presents experimental measurements of R1234ze(E) and R134a heat transfer coefficients during condensation inside a brazed plate heat exchanger. Experimental tests during condensation heat transfer have been conducted considering different degrees of superheating, subcooling and outlet vapour quality. The condensation temperature varies between 34.6 °C and 42.3 °C and the refrigerant mass flux is between 9 kg m−2 s−1 and 49 kg m−2 s−1. The results showed that the heat transfer coefficients measured with R134a are between 4% and 8% higher than those of R1234ze(E). Complete condensation experiments showed that an increase in the liquid subcooling degree significantly reduces the thermal performance at low refrigerant mass velocities. In some cases, the plate area occupied by liquid refrigerant reached almost 30% of the overall heat transfer area, thus decreasing by 2.7 times the average heat transfer coefficient when passing from 3 K to 8 K subcooling degree. A comparison with the predictions of some empirical models is also presented to assess which one can better predict the experimental data.
uRANIA: μ-RWELL and sRPC for neutron detection
Authors: Farinelli R. , Balossino I. , Benvivenni G. , Cibinetto G. , Fiore S. , Felici G. , Garzia I. , Gatta M. , Giovannetti M. , Lanza L. , Lavezzi L. , Mezzadri G. , Morello G. , Papalino G. , Pietropaolo A. , Poli Lener M. , Scodeggio M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The goal of the uRANIA-V (μ-RWELL Advanced Neutron Imaging Apparatus) project is the
development of an innovative thermal neutron detector based on micro-Resistive WELL
(μ-RWELL) technology and surface Resistive Plate Counter (sRPC) technology. A thin layer of
10B4C on the cathode surface allows the thermal neutron conversion into 7Li and
α ions to be easily detected in the active volume of the device. These charged particles
ionize the gas in the detectors and the readout measures the signal. Test results with different
converter layouts show that a thermal neutron (25meV) detection efficiency between
5 ÷ 10 % can be achieved with a single detector. A detailed comparison between the
experimental data and the full simulation of the neutron physics and the detector behavior has
been performed. Future applications of these technologies range from neutron diffraction imaging
to radioactive waste monitor or radiation portal monitoring for homeland security. In this
proceeding, the results of the neutron conversion optimization of the Boron thickness and the
converted geometry will be discussed together with the development of new electronics integrated
with μ-RWELL and sRPC. Experimental results and simulation measurements will be compared.
Operation and readout of the CGEM inner tracker
Authors: Farinelli R. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A recently approved ten-year extension of the BESIII experiment (IHEP, Beijing) motivated
an upgrade program for both the accelerator and the detector. In particular, the current inner
drift chamber is suffering from aging and the proposal is to replace it with a detector based on
the cylindrical GEM technology. The CGEM inner tracker consists of three coaxial layers of triple
GEM. The tracker is expected to restore efficiency, improve z-determination and secondary vertex
position reconstruction with respect to the current inner tracker, with a resolution of
130 μm in the xy-plane and better than 300 μm along the beam direction. A dedicated
readout system was developed for data acquisition. Signals from the detector strips are processed
by TIGER, a custom 64-channel ASIC, designed using CMOS 110 nm UMC technology, that provides an
analog charge readout via a fully digital output with a linear charge readout up to about 50 fC,
less than 3 ns jitter. TIGER continuously streams over-threshold data in trigger-less mode to an
FPGA-based readout module, called GEM Read Out Card, specifically designed for this system. The
module configures the ASICs and organizes the incoming data by building the event packets when the
trigger arrives. Two of the three layers have been in operation in Beijing since January 2020
remotely controlled.
NUV-HD SiPMs with metal-filled trenches
Authors: Merzi Stefano , Brunner Stefan E. , Gola Alberto , Inglese Alessandro , Mazzi Alberto , Paternoster Giovanni , Penna Michele , Piemonte Claudio , Ruzzarin Maria 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper we present the performance of a new SiPM that is sensitive to blue light and features narrow metal-filled trenches placed in the area around the single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) that allow an almost complete suppression the internal optical crosstalk. In particular, we show the benefits of this technological upgrade in terms of electro-optical SiPM performance when compared to the previous technology which had only a partial optical screening between the SPADs. The most relevant effect is the much higher bias voltage that can be applied to the new device before the noise diverges. This allows to optimize and improve both the photon-detection efficiency and the single-photon time resolution. We also coupled the SiPMs to LYSO scintillators to verify the performance for possible application in Positron-Emission Tomography. Thanks to the better electro-optical features we were able to measure an improved coincidence time resolution. Furthermore, the optimal voltage operation region is substantially larger, making this SiPM more suitable for real system application where thousands of channels have to provide stable and reproducible performance.
Gaussian Process-based calculation of look-elsewhere trials factor
Authors: Ananiev V. , Read A.L. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In high-energy physics it is a recurring challenge to
efficiently and precisely (enough) calculate the global significance
of, e.g., a potential new resonance. We propose a new method that
models the significance in the search region as a Gaussian Process.
The kernel of the Gaussian Process is approximated with a covariance
matrix and is calculated with a carefully designed set of
background-only data sets, comparable in number to the random
background-only data sets used in a typical analysis that relies on
the average upcrossings of the significance. The trials factor for
both low and moderate significances can subsequently be calculated
to the desired precision with a computationally inexpensive random
sampling of the Gaussian Process. In addition, once the covariance
of the Gaussian Process is determined, the average number of
upcrossings can be computed analytically. In our work we give some
highlights of the analytic calculation and also discuss some
peculiarities of the trials factor estimation on a finite grid. We
illustrate the method with studies of three complementary
statistical models.
Integrating massive RNA-seq data to elucidate transcriptome dynamics in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Hu Qian Sheng , Shi Meng-Wei , Wang Dan-Yang , Fear Justin M , Chen Lu , Tu Yi-Xuan , Liu Hong-Shan , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Shuai-Jie , Yu Shan-Shan , Oliver Brian , Chen Zhen-Xia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The volume of ribonucleic acid (RNA)-seq data has increased exponentially, providing numerous new insights into various biological processes. However, due to significant practical challenges, such as data heterogeneity, it is still difficult to ensure the quality of these data when integrated. Although some quality control methods have been developed, sample consistency is rarely considered and these methods are susceptible to artificial factors. Here, we developed MassiveQC, an unsupervised machine learning-based approach, to automatically download and filter large-scale high-throughput data. In addition to the read quality used in other tools, MassiveQC also uses the alignment and expression quality as model features. Meanwhile, it is user-friendly since the cutoff is generated from self-reporting and is applicable to multimodal data. To explore its value, we applied MassiveQC to Drosophila RNA-seq data and generated a comprehensive transcriptome atlas across 28 tissues from embryogenesis to adulthood. We systematically characterized fly gene expression dynamics and found that genes with high expression dynamics were likely to be evolutionarily young and expressed at late developmental stages, exhibiting high nonsynonymous substitution rates and low phenotypic severity, and they were involved in simple regulatory programs. We also discovered that human and Drosophila had strong positive correlations in gene expression in orthologous organs, revealing the great potential of the Drosophila system for studying human development and disease.
Recent trends in RNA informatics: a review of machine learning and deep learning for RNA secondary structure prediction and RNA drug discovery
Authors: Sato Kengo , Hamada Michiaki 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Computational analysis of RNA sequences constitutes a crucial step in the field of RNA biology. As in other domains of the life sciences, the incorporation of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques into RNA sequence analysis has gained significant traction in recent years. Historically, thermodynamics-based methods were widely employed for the prediction of RNA secondary structures; however, machine learning-based approaches have demonstrated remarkable advancements in recent years, enabling more accurate predictions. Consequently, the precision of sequence analysis pertaining to RNA secondary structures, such as RNA–protein interactions, has also been enhanced, making a substantial contribution to the field of RNA biology. Additionally, artificial intelligence and machine learning are also introducing technical innovations in the analysis of RNA–small molecule interactions for RNA-targeted drug discovery and in the design of RNA aptamers, where RNA serves as its own ligand. This review will highlight recent trends in the prediction of RNA secondary structure, RNA aptamers and RNA drug discovery using machine learning, deep learning and related technologies, and will also discuss potential future avenues in the field of RNA informatics.
Hot Mail: Temperature Exposure during Mail Return of an Immunochemical Fecal Occult Blood Test
Authors: Laven-Law Geraldine , Bastin Dawn , Fraser Robert J L , Cock Charles , Young Graeme P , Winter Jean M , Symonds Erin L 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) are widely used for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening; however, high ambient temperatures were found to reduce test accuracy. More recently, proprietary globin stabilizers were added to FIT sample buffers to prevent temperature-associated hemoglobin (Hb) degradation, but their effectiveness remains uncertain. We aimed to determine the impact of high temperature (&gt;30°C) on OC-Sensor FIT Hb concentration with current FITs, characterize FIT temperatures during mail transit, and determine impact of ambient temperature on FIT Hb concentration using data from a CRC screening program.

Methods
FITs were analyzed for Hb concentration after in vitro incubation at different temperatures. Data loggers packaged alongside FITs measured temperatures during mail transit. Separately, screening program participants completed and mailed FITs to the laboratory for Hb analysis. Regression analyses compared the impact of environmental variables on FIT temperatures and separately on FIT sample Hb concentration.

Results
In vitro incubation at 30 to 35°C reduced FIT Hb concentration after &gt;4 days. During mail transit, maximum FIT temperature averaged 6.4°C above maximum ambient temperature, but exposure to temperature above 30°C was for less than 24 hours. Screening program data showed no association between FIT Hb concentration and maximum ambient temperatures.

Conclusions
Although FIT samples are exposed to elevated temperatures during mail transit, this is brief and does not significantly reduce FIT Hb concentration. These data support continuation of CRC screening during warm weather with modern FITs with a stabilizing agent when mail delivery is ≤4 days.
Origins of attainment: do brother correlations in occupational status and income overlap?
Authors: Karlson Kristian Bernt , Birkelund Jesper Fels 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study the overlap in the overall impact of family background on two widely studied labour market outcomes by considering whether brother similarities in occupational status are rooted in the same underlying family characteristics that affect brother similarities in income. We extend previous research using sibling correlations as an omnibus measure of total family background impact on a given outcome by directly quantifying how brother correlations in occupational status and income overlap. We apply a novel variance components model to data from Denmark and the United States, two countries known to follow a contradictory pattern: While income mobility is much lower in the United States, occupational mobility is virtually similar. Apart from confirming this pattern, we find a substantial overlap, around 70 per cent, in brother similarities in income and occupational status in both countries. Conventional family background variables account for less than one-fifth of this overlap in each country, suggesting that shared family origins of attainment in these two domains are constituted by largely unknown family characteristics. We speculate what these characteristics might be.
Constructing Racial Visibility: Biracial “Occupation Children” in the Third Reich, 1933–1937
Authors: Roos Julia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In summer 1937, approximately four hundred to six hundred German descendants of Allied soldiers of color born in post-World War I Rhineland were forcedly sterilized. The Nazis vilified the children, referring to them as Rheinlandbastarde (“Rhineland bastards”). We still know relatively little about the fates of individual victims and the role of local perpetrators. This article uses anthropologist Wolfgang Abel’s 1933 study of biracial Besatzungskinder (“occupation children”) from Wiesbaden to shed fresh light on the interplay between local and national dynamics in the coming of the 1937 sterilization campaign. Drawing on many hitherto unexplored archival sources, the article traces the lives of several biracial children. The case of the Rhenish children shows that Nazi leaders worried that “racial difference” often was invisible. A key goal thus focused on constructing the children’s racial visibility. Officials, physicians, and teachers embedded in local communities often played a crucial role in ferreting out biracial children and marking them as racial “Others.” Simultaneously, the case of Wiesbaden suggests that instances where local actors contested important elements of ascriptions of racial “Otherness” to biracial Besatzungskinder may have hardened Nazi leaders’ resolve to pursue the children’s sterilizations outside existing legal norms and procedures.
A constitutional contingency: A reply to Zhaoxin Jiang
Authors: Lin Chien-Chih 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The thesis of the article by Zhaoxin Jiang, “The Untold Leader of Judicial Review: China’s Constitutional Court (1948–71) and the Innovative Constitutionalism,” is highly innovative, and the materials it uses are invaluable to understanding the Council of Grand Justices. Nonetheless, several key contentions of the article are not fully supported by—or indeed are contradicted by—the existing evidence. This Reply provides some competing analyses and interpretations of the three topics in the article: (i) the characterization of the Council at its founding; (ii) the interactions between Chiang Kai-shek and judicial elites; and (iii) the performance of the Council in Taiwan.