bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemodynamic failure and graft dysfunction after lung transplant: A possible clinical continuum with immediate and long‐term consequences
Authors: Scaravilli Vittorio , Guzzardella Amedeo , Madotto Fabiana , Morlacchi Letizia Corinna , Bosone Marco , Bonetti Claudia , Musso Valeria , Rossetti Valeria , Russo Filippo Maria , Sorbo Lorenzo Del , Blasi Francesco , Nosotti Mario , Zanella Alberto , Grasselli Giacomo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe postoperative hemodynamic management after lung transplant (LUTX) is guided by limited evidence. We aimed to describe and evaluate risk factors and outcomes of postoperative vasoactive support of LUTX recipients.MethodsIn a single‐center retrospective analysis of consecutive adult LUTX, two cohorts were identified: (1) patients needing prolonged vasoactive support (>12 h from ICU admission) (VASO+); (2) or not (VASO−). Postoperative hemodynamic characteristics were thoroughly analyzed. Risk factors and outcomes of VASO+ versus VASO− cohorts were assessed by multivariate logistic regression and propensity score matching.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐eight patients were included (86 (62%) VASO+ versus 52 (38%) VASO−). Vasopressors (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine) were used in the first postoperative days (vasoactive inotropic score at 12 h: 6 [4–12]), while inodilators (dobutamine, levosimendan) later. Length of vasoactive support was 3 [2–4] days. Independent predictors of vasoactive use were: LUTX indication different from cystic fibrosis (p = .003), higher Oto score (p = .020), longer cold ischemia time (p = .031), but not preoperative cardiac catheterization. VASO+ patients showed concomitant hemodynamic and graft impairment, with longer mechanical ventilation (p = .010), higher primary graft dysfunction (PGD) grade at 72 h (PGD grade > 0 65% vs. 31%, p = .004, OR 4.2 [1.54–11.2]), longer ICU (p < .001) and hospital stay (p = .013). Levosimendan as a second‐line inodilator appeared safe.ConclusionsVasoactive support is frequently necessary after LUTX, especially in recipients of grafts of lesser quality. Postoperative hemodynamic dysfunction requiring vasopressor support and graft dysfunction may represent a clinical continuum with immediate and long‐term consequences. Further studies may elucidate if this represents a possible treatable condition.
Desmoplakin I/II immunohistochemical staining may be a helpful tool in differentiating cutaneous graft versus host disease from the erythema multiforme, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis spectrum disorders
Authors: Irwin Trent , Yeung Cecilia C. S. , Shinohara Michi M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCutaneous graft versus host disease (cGVHD) has substantial clinical and histopathologic overlap with erythema multiforme (EM), Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). This overlap can make it difficult to distinguish these disorders in patients who have received hematopoietic transplants. We sought to evaluate the utility of Dp I/II immunohistochemical stain in differentiating EM/SJS/TEN and cGVHD in a large cohort. Skin biopsy specimens from patients with cGVHD (n = 58) and EM/SJS/TEN (n = 60) were evaluated for Dp I/II expression by immunohistochemistry. We found a statistically significant difference in Dp I/II staining between cGVHD (all grades) and EM/SJS/TEN (mean scores 1.62 and 2.14, respectively; p < 0.005), as well as between Grades 2 + 3 cGVHD and EM/SJS/TEN (mean scores 2.26 and 1.62, respectively; p < 0.005), while we did not find a significant difference between Grade 4 cGVHD and EM/SJS/TEN (mean scores 1.69 and 1.62, respectively; p = 0.71). Dp I/II immunostain may be useful for differentiating EM/SJS/TEN from Grade 2 and Grade 3 cGVHD, especially in clinically ambiguous cases without extracutaneous GVHD.
Neural dynamics underlying successful auditory short‐term memory performance
Authors: Pomper Ulrich , Curetti Lorenza Zaira , Chait Maria 
Published: September 2023

AbstractListeners often operate in complex acoustic environments, consisting of many concurrent sounds. Accurately encoding and maintaining such auditory objects in short‐term memory is crucial for communication and scene analysis. Yet, the neural underpinnings of successful auditory short‐term memory (ASTM) performance are currently not well understood. To elucidate this issue, we presented a novel, challenging auditory delayed match‐to‐sample task while recording MEG. Human participants listened to ‘scenes’ comprising three concurrent tone pip streams. The task was to indicate, after a delay, whether a probe stream was present in the just‐heard scene. We present three key findings: First, behavioural performance revealed faster responses in correct versus incorrect trials as well as in ‘probe present’ versus ‘probe absent’ trials, consistent with ASTM search. Second, successful compared with unsuccessful ASTM performance was associated with a significant enhancement of event‐related fields and oscillatory activity in the theta, alpha and beta frequency ranges. This extends previous findings of an overall increase of persistent activity during short‐term memory performance. Third, using distributed source modelling, we found these effects to be confined mostly to sensory areas during encoding, presumably related to ASTM contents per se. Parietal and frontal sources then became relevant during the maintenance stage, indicating that effective STM operation also relies on ongoing inhibitory processes suppressing task‐irrelevant information. In summary, our results deliver a detailed account of the neural patterns that differentiate successful from unsuccessful ASTM performance in the context of a complex, multi‐object auditory scene.
Home‐based exergaming to treat gait and balance disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease: A phase II randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nuic Dijana , van de Weijer Sjors , Cherif Saoussen , Skrzatek Anna , Zeeboer Eline , Olivier Claire , Corvol Jean‐Christophe , Foulon Pierre , Pastor Jénica Z. , Mercier Gregoire , Lau Brian , Bloem Bastiaan R. , De Vries Nienke M. , Welter Marie‐Laure 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundExergaming has been proposed to improve gait and balance disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. We aimed to assess the efficacy of a home‐based, tailored, exergaming training system designed for PD patients with dopa‐resistant gait and/or balance disorders in a controlled randomized trial.MethodsWe recruited PD patients with dopa‐resistant gait and/or balance disorders. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to receive 18 training sessions at home by playing a tailored exergame with full‐body movements using a motion capture system (Active group), or by playing the same game with the computer's keyboard (Control group). The primary endpoint was the between‐group difference in the Stand‐Walk‐Sit Test (SWST) duration change after training. Secondary outcomes included parkinsonian clinical scales, gait recordings, and safety.ResultsFifty PD patients were enrolled and randomized. After training, no significant difference in SWST change was found between groups (mean change SWST duration [SD] −3.71 [18.06] s after Active versus −0.71 [3.41] s after Control training, p = 0.61). Some 32% of patients in the Active and 8% in the Control group were considered responders to the training program (e.g., SWST duration change ≥2 s, p = 0.03). The clinical severity of gait and balance disorders also significantly decreased after Active training, with a between‐group difference in favor of the Active training (p = 0.0082). Home‐based training induced no serious adverse events.ConclusionsHome‐based training using a tailored exergame can be performed safely by PD patients and could improve gait and balance disorders. Future research is needed to investigate the potential of exergaming.
Abrupt permafrost thaw drives spatially heterogeneous soil moisture and carbon dioxide fluxes in upland tundra
Authors: Rodenhizer Heidi , Natali Susan M. , Mauritz Marguerite , Taylor Meghan A. , Celis Gerardo , Kadej Stephanie , Kelley Allison K. , Lathrop Emma R. , Ledman Justin , Pegoraro Elaine F. , Salmon Verity G. , Schädel Christina , See Craig , Webb Elizabeth E. , Schuur Edward A. G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPermafrost thaw causes the seasonally thawed active layer to deepen, causing the Arctic to shift toward carbon release as soil organic matter becomes susceptible to decomposition. Ground subsidence initiated by ice loss can cause these soils to collapse abruptly, rapidly shifting soil moisture as microtopography changes and also accelerating carbon and nutrient mobilization. The uncertainty of soil moisture trajectories during thaw makes it difficult to predict the role of abrupt thaw in suppressing or exacerbating carbon losses. In this study, we investigated the role of shifting soil moisture conditions on carbon dioxide fluxes during a 13‐year permafrost warming experiment that exhibited abrupt thaw. Warming deepened the active layer differentially across treatments, leading to variable rates of subsidence and formation of thermokarst depressions. In turn, differential subsidence caused a gradient of moisture conditions, with some plots becoming consistently inundated with water within thermokarst depressions and others exhibiting generally dry, but more variable soil moisture conditions outside of thermokarst depressions. Experimentally induced permafrost thaw initially drove increasing rates of growing season gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Reco), and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) (higher carbon uptake), but the formation of thermokarst depressions began to reverse this trend with a high level of spatial heterogeneity. Plots that subsided at the slowest rate stayed relatively dry and supported higher CO2 fluxes throughout the 13‐year experiment, while plots that subsided very rapidly into the center of a thermokarst feature became consistently wet and experienced a rapid decline in growing season GPP, Reco, and NEE (lower carbon uptake or carbon release). These findings indicate that Earth system models, which do not simulate subsidence and often predict drier active layer conditions, likely overestimate net growing season carbon uptake in abruptly thawing landscapes.
Accelerated organic matter decomposition in thermokarst lakes upon carbon and phosphorus inputs
Authors: Li Ziliang , Xu Weijie , Kang Luyao , Kuzyakov Yakov , Chen Leiyi , He Mei , Liu Futing , Zhang Dianye , Zhou Wei , Liu Xuning , Yang Yuanhe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMineralization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in thermokarst lakes plays a non‐negligible role in the permafrost carbon (C) cycle, but remains poorly understood due to its complex interactions with external C and nutrient inputs (i.e., aquatic priming and nutrient effects). Based on large‐scale lake sampling and laboratory incubations, in combination with 13C‐stable‐isotope labeling, optical spectroscopy, and high‐throughput sequencing, we examined large‐scale patterns and dominant drivers of priming and nutrient effects of DOM biodegradation across 30 thermokarst lakes along a 1100‐km transect on the Tibetan Plateau. We observed that labile C and phosphorus (P) rather than nitrogen (N) inputs stimulated DOM biodegradation, with the priming and P effects being 172% and 451% over unamended control, respectively. We also detected significant interactive effects of labile C and nutrient supply on DOM biodegradation, with the combined labile C and nutrient additions inducing stronger microbial mineralization than C or nutrient treatment alone, illustrating that microbial activity in alpine thermokarst lakes is co‐limited by both C and nutrients. We further found that the aquatic priming was mainly driven by DOM quality, with the priming intensity increasing with DOM recalcitrance, reflecting the limitation of external C as energy sources for microbial activity. Greater priming intensity was also associated with higher community‐level ribosomal RNA gene operon (rrn) copy number and bacterial diversity as well as increased background soluble reactive P concentration. In contrast, the P effect decreased with DOM recalcitrance as well as with background soluble reactive P and ammonium concentrations, revealing the declining importance of P availability in mediating DOM biodegradation with enhanced C limitation but reduced nutrient limitation. Overall, the stimulation of external C and P inputs on DOM biodegradation in thermokarst lakes would amplify C‐climate feedback in this alpine permafrost region.
Association between clinician specialty and prescription of preventive medication for young adults with migraine: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shapiro Hannah F. J. , Loder Elizabeth , Shapiro Daniel J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to compare the prescribing patterns of preventive medications between pediatric and adult neurologists for young adults with migraine.BackgroundAlthough preventive medications are effective for adults with migraine, studies in children have failed to demonstrate similar efficacy. As a result, lifestyle modifications and non‐pharmacological interventions are often emphasized in children. It is not known whether young adults are prescribed preventive medications at different rates according to whether they are cared for by an adult or pediatric neurologist.MethodsWe performed a multicenter retrospective cohort analysis of patients with migraine aged 18–25 years who were seen by a pediatric or adult neurologist at Mass General Brigham Hospital between 2017 and 2021. The primary outcome was whether the patient received a prescription for any preventive medication during the study period.ResultsAmong the 767 included patients, 290 (37.8%) were seen by a pediatric neurologist. Preventive medications were prescribed for 131/290 (45.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 39.5%, 51.0%) patients seen by a pediatric neurologist and 206/477 (43.2%; 95% CI: 39.0%, 47.7%) patients seen by an adult neurologist (p = 0.591). In the mixed effects logistic regression model, clinician specialty was not associated with preventive medication use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.20, 95% CI: 0.62, 2.31). Female sex (AOR 1.69, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.66) and number of visits during the study period (AOR 1.64, 95% CI: 1.49, 1.80) were associated with receiving preventive medication.ConclusionApproximately two fifths of young adults with migraine were prescribed preventive medications, and this proportion did not differ according to clinician specialty. Although these findings suggest that pediatric and adult neurologists provide comparable care, both specialties may be underusing preventive medications in this patient population.
Enablers and barriers for hearing parents with deaf children: Experiences of parents and workers in Wales, UK
Authors: Terry Julia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundMore than 90% of deaf children are born to hearing families who know little about deafness. Benefits from hearing screening at birth are often lost, as families find little information about pathways for deaf children but are key to ensuring deaf children receive relevant language and communication support. Systems surrounding deaf children and family members are crucial for children's health and social development. Experiences of hearing parents raising deaf children and understanding factors that influence families' experience of navigating pathways for deaf children through health and education services are currently underreported.MethodsAn exploratory study was conducted in Wales, UK. Twenty participants were interviewed, including 10 hearing parents of deaf children and 10 people who work with deaf children using semistructured interviews. Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory was used as a lens to explore the micro‐, meso‐, exo‐, macro‐ and chronosystems that surround children and families. This study explores potential supports and barriers in those systems.FindingsFindings are reported under two broad headings: enablers and barriers. Under enablers, it was found that provision of resources, supporting people and knowledge were key factors. Under barriers, a lack of knowledge, lack of provision and battling services and attitudes were key issues that need addressing.ConclusionHearing parents of deaf children in Wales, UK reported experiencing a range of enablers and barriers that impact upon their experiences of raising a deaf child. Further provision is needed by policymakers and governments to recognise support needs to improve the outcomes for deaf children.Patient or Public ContributionThis project was developed from initial discussions with the stakeholder reference group and progressed with the group's deaf panel and hearing parents with deaf children. The project's steering group was involved in study design, recruitment and continuous feedback on all stages of the research process.
Novel EWSR1::GFI1B gene fusion in angiofibroma of soft tissue
Authors: Suurmeijer Albert J H , Cleven Arjen H G , Antonescu Cristina R , Duckworth Lauren A , Fritchie Karen J , Billings Steven D , Dermawan Josephine K 
Published: September 2023

AimsAngiofibroma of soft tissue is a benign soft tissue tumour characterised by bland spindle cells and a distinct branching vascular network. The majority of soft tissue angiofibromas harbour AHRR::NCOA2 gene fusions. Here we present three cases of EWSR1::GFI1B‐fused soft tissue tumours that are morphologically most reminiscent of soft tissue angiofibroma.Methods and resultsAll three cases presented in male patients with an age range of 35–78 years (median = 54 years). Two cases presented as subcutaneous nodules on the trunk (posterior neck and chest wall); one was an intramuscular foot mass. The tumours were unencapsulated nodules with infiltrative margins ranging from 2.2 to 3.4 cm in greatest dimension. Histologically, the tumours contained uniformly bland fibroblastic spindle cells with ovoid to fusiform nuclei and delicate cytoplasmic processes embedded in a myxoid to myxocollagenous stroma. All three cases were characterised by a thin‐walled, branching vascular network evenly distributed throughout the tumour. Overt cytological atypia or conspicuous mitotic activity was absent. The spindle cells had an essentially null immunophenotype. By targeted RNA sequencing, an in‐frame gene fusion between EWSR1 exons 1–7 and GFI1B exons 6–11 or 7–11 was detected in all three cases. The tumours were marginally excised. For all three cases, there were no documented local recurrence or distant metastases during a limited follow‐up period of 6–10 months.ConclusionsWe propose that EWSR1::GFI1B may represent a novel fusion variant of soft tissue angiofibroma.
Air‐polishing technology is an effective alternative chairside method for cleaning dentures
Authors: Gunawan Violina , Carrington Samuel D. , Choi Yunsun Jane , Choi Joanne Jung Eun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsTo investigate the efficiency and abrasiveness of air‐polishing on different types of denture base acrylic resins and whether air‐polishing can be an effective technique to clean dentures chairside.Materials and MethodsA total of 60 specimens were prepared (n = 20/group); heat‐polymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) (G1), subtractive manufacturing (SM) (G2) and additive manufacturing (AM) denture base resins (G3). Equal number of specimens in each group were stained with permanent marker or nail polish and pumice mixture to mimic calcified biofilm. All specimens were treated using EMS Airflow® Prophylaxis Master with two different powders; erythritol or sodium bicarbonate powder, following manufacturer instructions. Efficacy of the powders and surface roughness of the specimens were measured. Scanning electron microscopy imaging was captured for qualitative observation.ResultsThe highest efficacy for stain removal was found in erythritol powder on G1 (98.06% ± 1.304%). The lowest was found in the erythritol powder on G3 (91.83% ± 3.611%). The highest efficacy for biofilm removal was found in sodium bicarbonate powder on G3 (71.49% ± 8.607%), and the lowest was found in erythritol powder on G2 (11.64% ± 4.68%). Only AM resins had statistically significant increases in surface roughness with the use of erythritol powder (p < 0.001). The use of sodium bicarbonate powder significantly increases surface roughness of heat‐polymerized (p < 0.025) and AM resins (p < 0.724).ConclusionsAir‐polishing technology has shown to be effective and suitable for cleaning dentures. The sodium bicarbonate powder showed superior efficacy in cleaning dentures compared to the erythritol powder. Both powders show varyingly increase roughness depending on denture resin.
Impact of the uninstructed use of a herbal, ayurvedic toothpaste on parameters of gingival health in periodontal aftercare patients: A randomized, double‐blinded, two‐arm parallel‐group study
Authors: Jockel‐Schneider Yvonne , Stölzel Peggy , Endres Johanna , Petersen Nicole , Haubitz Imme , Heß Jeanine , Schlagenhauf Ulrich 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the uninstructed use of a toothpaste containing herbal ayurvedic ingredients on parameters of gingival health in a cohort of periodontal aftercare patients affected by gingival inflammation compared to the use of a standard, non‐herbal toothpaste.Materials and MethodsThe monocentric, randomized, double‐blinded, two‐arm parallel‐group intervention was performed in a cohort of 88 periodontal aftercare patients with clinical signs of gingival inflammation. At baseline, bleeding on probing (BoP), gingival index (GI) and Quigley–Hein plaque index (QHI) were recorded. Subsequently, the study patients were randomly provided with a herbal ayurvedic toothpaste (n = 44) or a conventional, non‐ayurvedic control toothpaste (n = 44) and without additional oral hygiene training instructed to use it 2× daily for the next 28 days. On day 28, BoP, GI and QHI were recorded again.ResultsAt baseline, there were no significant differences between both groups. On day 28, mean GI and BoP scores were significantly lower (p < 0.001) compared to baseline in both groups. Differences between the groups could not be verified. Mean QHI scores did not change significantly between day 0 and day 28 in both groups.ConclusionsThe impact of uninstructed toothbrushing with an ayurvedic toothpaste on the manifestation of gingival inflammation in periodontal aftercare patients is not significantly different to the use of a conventional, non‐herbal toothpaste.
A review on “Growth mechanisms and optimization strategies for the interface state of solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries”
Authors: Liu Guanzuo , Yuan Zhuo , Deng Yufeng , Yu Xinbiao , Huang Xinzhe , Zheng Guoxu , Li Yinan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAt present, the basic structural mechanisms and improvement methods of solid electrolyte interfaces (SEIs) are still in the research stage. Although many researchers have observed the problems of SEIs by various characterization methods, they still cannot analyze the subtle mechanisms. In this paper, we summarize the formation of SEIs, surface morphology, carrier transport, factors leading to interface challenges, and the progress of research to build better interfaces. Among them, strategies to inhibit the formation and growth of lithium dendrites are one of the focuses of this paper. In addition, another research focus of this paper is to reduce the interfacial resistance by constructing interfacial layers, electrolyte additives, and solid electrolytes. From the current development of battery interface improvement, the inhibition of lithium dendrites and the reduction of interfacial resistance are the most effective methods to improve the interfacial stability. Finally, the article also summarizes the research progress in solving the SEI, analyzes the future research trends for improving the SEI, and gives the research directions.