bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF EFFECTS OF INSURGENCY ON COWPEA PRODUCTION IN POTISKUM LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF YOBE STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Bawa, A. G.  , Sani, M. H.  , Iliyasu, Y.  
Published: April 2023

This study analysed the effects of insurgency on cowpea production in Potiskum local government area of Yobe State, Nigeria. A sample of 120 cowpea farmers were randomly interviewed using structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that 35% of the respondents fell within the age bracket of 28-33 years; males constituted 55% and 42% had primary education. The findings further showed that 77.50% of the farmers perceived the effect of insurgency on their livelihood. Majority 70.80% of the respondent perceived increase in poverty and job loses. The result shows that majority (52.5%) of the respondents affected by the conflicts, children (21.7%), women (13.3%) and adult men (8.3%), lost their houses (32.50%), lost their livestock (29.20%), and 16.70% and 13.30% lost their crops and sustained body injury, respectively. Majority (67.50%) of the respondents proffered all the methods in resolving the insurgency, military action (16.70%), negotiation (6.70%), 5.0% and 4.20% suggested state of emergency and amnesty, respectively. Furthermore, regression analysis reveals that 74% variation of the effects of the insurgency on cowpea output was accounted by the independent variables in the model. However, educational level, sex and income were significant at p< 0.001, while household size, farm size and distance from farm to homestead were significant at p< 0.05. Chi-square analysis reveals that the variables included in the model such as sex, educational level, age, income and distance from farmlands to homestead were significant at p< 0.05, with the exception of farm size, marital status and farming experience. The study concluded that insurgency do exist in the study area and the effects include loss of lives, crops, and destruction of infrastructures, such as schools, telecommunication mast, mosques, churches, markets and houses. The study recommended that education and employment opportunities be provided to the youths in the study area.
COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF TOMATO PRODUCTION AMONG SMALL-SCALE FARMERS IN KANO RIVER IRRIGATION PROJECT AREA OF KANO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Suleiman, N. J.  , Mani, J. R.  , Hudu, M. I.  , Baba, D.  , Yusuf, M.  
Published: April 2023

This study was aimed on analysis of tomato production in Kano State of Nigeria, with specific objectives of finding the profitability of tomato production among small, medium and large scale farmers in the study area. A total of 60 tomato growers were sampled study area through application of stratified and random techniques in an appropriate statistical procedure. Well-structured questionnaires were used for the data collection. Farm budgeting and cost concept techniques as used in India were used to analyze the primary data. The study reveals an average Net Income generated for tomato production in the study area as N779,168/ha. A sample average Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) for the different farm groups in the study areas was revealed as; 1:3.6. The study indicated that, tomato production and marketing is highly profitable in the study area. It can be concluded that tomato production is profitable at all small, medium and large scale of production in the study area. It was therefore, recommends that the farmers should continuously create efficiency of resource use, which is, avoiding wastages so as to sustainably make more margins in the study area.
NATURE OF CATTLE RUSTLING IN PASTORAL COMMUNITIES IN KWAME LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Atman, F. M.  , Abubakar, U.  
Published: April 2023

The study examined the nature of cattle rustling among pastoral communities of Kwami local government area, Gombe State, Nigeria. Data were collected through the administration of questionnaires to fifty respondents randomly drawn from the study area. The result was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as percentage, mean and range. The result reveals that all (100%) of the respondents were male and 82% had the basic Qur’anic education. The result shows that a cattle rustling in the study area was caused by factors such as increase value of cattle from rustlers (30.15%), poverty (22.22%), unemployment (22.22%), illiteracy (3.17%), and accumulation of wealth (8.73%) and availability of guns to people (8.73%). About 80% of the respondents agree that cattle rustling in the study area do take place during the night hours and mainly through sneaking (50%). Also, the result indicates that 88% of the respondents received no help/intervention from government. Hooves /foot tracing (41.30%) and sending messages across neighbouring villages (33.69%) were the major actions taking by herders to find rustled cattle. Majority (60%) of the respondents have found their rustled cattle at cattle markets and neighbouring communities (20.0%). The major (96%) constraint faced by the cattle herders was that of lack of trust on security personnel. The study concludes that cattle rustling do occur in the study area. The study therefore, recommends that cattle herders should form vigilante groups across communities to help fish out rustling activities. Government too needs to recognize that cattle rustling is a national problem, hence the need to put strategies in place that could help reduce cattle rustling in the study area and Nigeria at large.
EFFECT OF CREDIT ACCESS ON LAND PRODUCTIVITY OF RICE FARMERS IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Ibrahim, F. D.  , Oseghale, A. I.  , Ogaji, A.  
Published: April 2023

The study examined the effect of credit access on land productivity of rice farmers in Niger State, Nigeria. Cross sectional survey was used to collect data from 175 rice farmers selected through a systematic sampling procedure. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and linear regression. The results showed that the mean output/ha, farm size and age were 3275 kg/ha, 1.75ha and 45 years, respectively. The amount of credit obtained was about N16,718. The regression analysis revealed that 60% of the variation in the yield was as a result of the variables included in the model. Also, Seed (p<0.01), fertilizer (p<0.05) and pesticides (p<0.10) had significant and positive effect on land productivity while credit, extension contact and education had negative effect on land productivity. The study concluded that seeds, fertilizers and pesticides were the main factors that could increase land productivity in the study area and thus recommends timely supply of these inputs.
INTROGRESSION OF BACTERIAL BLIGHT RESISTANCE GENES; Xa33 AND Xa38 INTO RICE GENOTYPE ADT 47 THROUGH MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION
Authors: Ahmed, A.  , Ramalingam, J.  , Sheriff, H. H.  
Published: April 2023

Bacterial blight is one of the serious diseases of rice. Utilization of resistant varieties is considered to be the most effective method of control. ADT 47 rice genotype has nearly been improved with the blight resistance genes xa5, xa13 and Xa21, through marker assisted selection (MAS). As the objective of this study, marker assisted backcrossing breeding (MABB) was adopted for targeted introgression of the broad spectrum resistance genes, Xa33 and Xa38 to the Improved ADT 47 rice variety. The rice genotypes FBRI-15, PR114 were used as donors of Xa33 and Xa38 genes, respectively. The marker RMWR7.1 linked to Xa33 and the sequenced-tagged site marker Os04g53050-1 specific to Xa38 were validated in parents who were used for foreground selection. True F1 hybrids were selected using the polymorphic markers. Out of one hundred and thirty seven SSR markers, forty-two were polymorphic for Improved ADT 47 x FBRI-16 which was used for background selection. Foreground selection revealed that a single F1 plant was heterozygote in Improved ADT 47 x FBRI-15 and it was used to develop BC1 generation. At BC1F1, one plant was found to be heterozygous for Improved ADT 47 x FBRI-15. At BC2F1, a single plant was found heterozygous as well from the cross. In the final BC3F1 population, one heterozygous plant was validated from the cross, the plant was subjected to background selection for selecting plants having the genetic background similar to that of the recurrent parent (i.e., confirmation of recurrent parent genome recovery) using the forty-two dominant SSR markers. In BC3F1, there was a 92.80% parental genome recovery in the Improved ADT 47 x FBRI-15. This high parental genome line was selfed to produce BC2F2 for selection of homozygous lines for xa5, xa13, Xa21 and Xa33/Xa38. The study recommends that the BC2F2 plants will be selfed using pedigree method and then advance to preliminary yield trial (PYT), then Advanced yield trial (AYT) and finally to on farm assessment for release.
FARM LEVEL ASSESSMENT OF POST-HARVEST LOSSES ESTIMATION AND MANAGEMENT OF YAM IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Ahungwa, G. T.  , Ahungwa, J. I.  
Published: April 2023

The study measured post-harvest losses of yam in volumetric and monetary terms and the determinants of post-harvest losses (PHLs) management capacities of farmers along diverse activities at the farm level in Benue State, Nigeria for four different production seasons. Using a multistage sampling procedure, 240 yam farmers were sampled and interviewed for the study. Empirical results showed that majority of yam farmers (80.42%) experienced substantial losses, ranging from 20% – 49.9% of their total harvest. Averagely, farmers recorded 43.57% loss of yam tubers on account of environmental and institutional factors especially, the erratic rainfall patterns and lack of improved storage facilities. The post-harvest management index indicated that farmers had the capacities to store, consume or sell about 58.5% of their total annual harvest. The prime causes of such losses were attributed to environmental ( = 3.67) and microbiological ( = 3.20) factors, duration needed to store yam profitably ( = 2.88), mechanical damage ( = 2.75), poor marketing ( = 2.68), and inappropriate transportation ( = 2.65) systems. Further, the degree of PHLs management capacities of the farmers’ increased consistently, positively and significantly at P≤0.01 level of significance, with increase in the age, household size, annual income, access and sources of agricultural credit and the number of PHL management technologies adopted, but rather reduced significantly with years of farming experience and extension contacts. To enhance the post-harvest management competence of farmers in Benue State, the capacities of the farmers should be strengthened to access agricultural information, including geo-informatics, and financial services that can be used in minimizing the incidence of post-harvest losses.
PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF SACHET TABLE WATER PRODUCTION IN GOMBE CENTRAL SENATORIAL ZONE, GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Hamidu, K.  , Mohammed, I.  , Danwanka, H. A.  
Published: April 2023

The study examined the profitability analysis of sachet table water production in Gombe Central senatorial zone, Gombe State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used. Gombe Central senatorial zone sachet table water production enterprises were purposively selected. In the study area, 45 production enterprises were selected. Data were analyzed using enterprise budget model to analyses the gross margin, profit, gross ratio, operating ratio, fixed ratio, ratio of gross margin to variable cost, ratio of gross margin to fixed cost and return per naira invested. Gross margin of N2,882,510,640, profit of N2,794,072,980, gross ratio of 0.0343, operating ratio of 0.0034, fixed ratio of 0.0305, ratio of gross margin to variable cost of 290.09, ratio of gross margin to fixed cost of 32.59 and return per capital invested of 29.40 was released. It was concluded that table water production in Gombe Central senatorial zone, Gombe State is profitable. The study recommended the citizens of Gombe central senatorial zone should engage in sachet table water production because it is a profitable venture.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLES OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN IMPROVING THE LIVELIHOOD OF FOOD CROP FARMERS IN KWAYA-KUSAR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BORNO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Sulum, A. A.  , Aliyu, Y. M.  , Bwala, Y. I.  , Abbas, H. W.  
Published: April 2023

This study assessed the roles of agricultural extension service in improving the livelihood of food crop farmers in Kwaya-Kusar local government Area of Bono State, Nigeria. Multi-stage random procedure was used to select 120 respondents from the study area. Data collected and administered through the use of structured questionnaires were also analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that many (43.3%) of the respondents were between the ages of 36-40 years. Furthermore, from the findings of multiple regression analysis, age, sex, marital status, annual net income, farm size, household size, educational level and extension per person were significant at P≤0.05 level, respectively, while farming experience and access to credit were significant at P≤0.01 level in that order. It was concluded that male dominated food crop production their by putting the female counterparts at the disadvantage side. The study therefore, recommended that the female respondents should be highly involved or encourage to participate actively in food crop production. Also, on poor government funding toward extension service delivery, government, policy makers and other non-governmental organizations (NGOs) should help the farmers by providing funds to boost their production capacity.
GENETIC DIVERSITY STUDIES, HERITABILITY, CORRELATION AND PROXIMATE ANALYSIS AMONG ACHA (Digitaria exilis) ACCESSIONS
Authors: Buba, U. M.  , Abdul, S. Dangana  , Ibrahim, H.  
Published: April 2023

The study assessed variability, heritability and genetic relationships in the proximate composition among 14 Acha (Digitaria exilis Staph) accessions collected from Tafawa Balewa and Bogoro Local Government Areas of Bauchi State in North Eastern Nigeria. Entries were pretested in the screen house in plastic pots in 2017 and later evaluated in the field under rain-fed conditions in 2017 and 2018 using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Three (3) samples of harvested grain, for each entry, were subjected to proximate analysis in the laboratory to determine their percent proximate composition in: Crude protein (% CP), Crude fiber (% CF), Ether extract (% EE), Ash content (% Ash) and Nitrogen free extract (%NFE) using standard Analytical methods. Analysis of variance was done using Genstat version 16th). Results obtained in this study revealed that all biochemical parameters differed significantly (P≤0.001) among these accessions. Mean percent in crude protein (CP) was 7.5 %, Crude Fiber was 0.85 %, while that of ether extract (%EE) and ash content (% Ash) were 1.94% and 1.87%, respectively. Except for Ether Extract, other biochemical variables under investigation recorded negative correlation with grain yield. Phylogenetic studies revealed two cluster groups among acha accessions. High percent heritability values, in broad sense of (between 77% and 99 %), couple with high genetic advance as percent of mean (GAM) were recorded for most of characters under investigation, indicating a good scope for improvement through selection.
DETERMINANTS OF NIGERIA GOVERNMENT AGRICULTURAL EXPENDITURE (1999-2020): EVIDENCE FROM VECTOR ERROR CORRECTION MODEL APPROACH
Authors: Bartholomew, B.  , Ogah, O. M.  , Ezihe, J. A. C.  
Published: April 2023

The study focused on the determinants of government agricultural expenditure in the long and short run from 1999-2020 using Vector Error Correction Model approach. Annual time series data on agricultural GDP, agricultural expenditure, inflation rate, exchange rate, interest rest, private investment, public investment and foreign direct investment collected from the records of Central Bank of Nigeria and National Bureau of Statistics database were analyzed using inferential statistics (ADF, Johansen co-integration and VECM). The results showed that all the variables co-integrate and were stationary at first difference. In the long run, inflation (1.118415) and private investment (0.004239) were the significant and important variables that determine agricultural expenditure. The coefficient of multiple determination (R2) was 0.925, indicating that 92.5% variation in agricultural expenditure was explained by the variables. The Error correction Term is statistically significant and negative (-0.0278) in the short run indicating a slow speed of adjustment of variables towards equilibrium. In the short run, inflation, private investment and public investment were the important variables that influenced government expenditure. The study concludes that inflation, private and public expenditures influenced government agricultural expenditure significantly and therefore recommend friendly policies to curtail inflation, conducive environment to catalyze private investment and stimulation of public investment to boost agricultural growth.
EFFECT OF NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND RESEARCH LIAISON SERVICES ADOPTED VILLAGE ACTIVITIES ON LIVELIHOOD OF WOMEN IN ZARIA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Issa, Fadlullah O.  , Mani, Jamila R.  , Abubakar, U. S.  , Owolabi, S. A.  
Published: April 2023

The NAERLS established the adopted village scheme within 20km distance from the head office that served as laboratories for showcasing agricultural technologies developed by research institutes. Sustainable agricultural development cannot be fully achieved without the integration of women in developmental processes. Using 136 adopted village women in Zaria, this study assessed the effect of NAERLS adopted village activities on livelihood of women. Multi-stage sampling was used to select the women for the study. Structured interview schedule was used to obtain data from the sample population. Analysis of socio-economic characteristics showed that the mean age of the respondents was 40, majority (72%) of the women were married, only 48.5% have senior secondary certificate, 33.8% of the respondents get occasional visits from NAERLS adopted village facilitators. It was found that there has been not much participation in the activities of adopted village in the past one year. Most of the respondents agree that NAERLS adopted village activities have been effective on their livelihood through increase in their annual income and improved crop harvest from their farms. Various constraints on participation of women in the adopted village activities were identified of which inability to leave their children unattended was the most encountered among the respondents. It can be said conclusively that the NAERLS adopted village activities had effect on livelihood of women in the study area. Government should provide more funding to strengthen the NAERLS adopted village project for it to effectively cater to the needs of women in the adopted villages.
DRIVERS OF AGRICULTURAL FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON FOOD PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA
Authors: Uteh, A. S.  , Yisa, E. S.  , Ojo, M. A.  , Ibrahim, F. D.  
Published: April 2023

Foreign Direct Investment is one of the growth promoters in many sectors of the economy including the agricultural sector. The study analysed the drivers of agricultural FDI and gauge its impact on food production in Nigeria. Annual time series data spanning from 1975 to 2017 were obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria, National Bureau of Statistics and World Bank’s Development Indicators Database. Descriptive analysis, stationarity analysis with Augmented Dickey Fuller and Philip Perrons’ unit root tests, co-integration test with Autoregressive Distributed Lag Bound test, Autoregressive Distributed Lag-Error Correction Model analysis were done to obtain results for the study. ARDL-ECM results showed that GDP at P≤0.1, government expenditure on agriculture at P≤0.1, inflation rate at P≤0.01 and real exchange rate at P≤0.01 levels of significance were the significant determinants of FDI inflow to agricultural sector in Nigeria in the long run model. In the short run, GDP at P≤0.1, government expenditure on agriculture at P≤0.1 and real exchange rate at P≤0.01 levels of significance were the significant drivers of Agricultural FDI in Nigeria. The speed of adjustment (ECM (-)) was 102.74%. Agricultural FDI also had significant long run and short run impact on food production in Nigeria at 1% and 1% levels of significance, respectively. The study concluded that FDI inflow had significant positive impact on agricultural sector in Nigeria. It was recommended that government should promote policies that are directed at employing all promotional resources to attract more FDI inflow to the agricultural sector so as to boost its productivity and contribution to the overall economy of Nigeria.
RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY IN RAIN-FED PADDY RICE PRODUCTION: A CASE STUDY OF DONGA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF TARABA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Bulus, G.  , Tikon, F. U.  , Sangari, H. I.  
Published: April 2023

The study examined resource use efficiency in rain-fed paddy rice production in Donga Local Government Area of Taraba State. A total of 106 rice farmers were randomly selected for the study. Data was collected through the use of a questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The result showed a mean age of 38 years for rice farmers. About 73.8% of the respondents were males and, 71.7% were married with a mean household size of 12 persons per household. Majority (73.8%) had at least primary education and 96.2% had no contact with extension agent. An R2 of 0.76 implied that 76% variations in yield were accounted for by the explanatory variables included in the regression model. Farm size was not significant at P≤0.01, while seed quantity, fertilizer and labour were significant at P≤0.01. Rate of technical substitution (RTS) of 0.70 was obtained, indicating that rice production was at stage II. Seed quantity (0.67) and labour (0.15) were over utilized with each having a less than one resource use efficiency ratio. High cost of fertilizers, high cost of hired labour and inadequate extension contact ranked 1st, 2nd and 3rd, respectively, among the constraints to paddy rice production. Therefore, it was concluded that rice farmers had favourable socioeconomic characteristics, but were not efficient in the use of resources. It was recommended that necessary inputs (at affordable prices) and extension services should be made available and adequate to rice farmers in order to optimize rice production.