bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative assessment of delivered dose in carbon ion spatially fractionated radiotherapy (C-SFRT) and biological response to C-SFRT
Authors: Tsubouchi Toshiro , Umemura Misato , Minami Kazumasa , Hamatani Noriaki , Saruwatari Naoto , Yagi Masashi , Furutani Keith M , Takashina Masaaki , Shimizu Shinichi , Kanai Tatsuaki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. Applying carbon ion beams, which have high linear energy transfer and low scatter within the human body, to Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy (SFRT) could benefit the treatment of deep-seated or radioresistant tumors. This study aims to simulate the dose distributions of spatially fractionated beams (SFB) to accurately determine the delivered dose and model the cell survival rate following SFB irradiation. Approach. Dose distributions of carbon ion beams are calculated using the Triple Gaussian Model. The sensitive volume of the detector used in measurements was also considered. If the measurements and simulations show good agreement, the dose distribution and absolute dose delivered by SFB can be accurately estimated. Three types of dose distributions were delivered to human salivary gland cells (HSGc-C5): uniform dose distribution (UDD), and one-dimensional (1D) grid-like dose distributions (GDD) with 6 mm and 8 mm spacing. These provided high (Peak-to-Valley Dose Ratio, PVDR = 4.0) and low (PVDR = 1.64) dose differences between peak and valley doses, respectively. Linear-Quadratic (LQ) model parameters for HSGc-C5 were derived from the UDD and cell survival fractions (SF) were simulated for 1D GDD using these values. Main results. Good agreement was observed between measurements and simulations when accounting for detector volume. However, the TPS results overestimated dose in steep gradient region, likely due to the 2.0 mm calculation resolution. LQ parameters for HSGc-C5 were α = 0.34 and β = 0.057. The 1D GDD with 6 mm spacing showed good agreement between simulations and experiments, but the 8.0 mm spacing resulted in lower experimental cell survival.Significance. We successfully simulated the GDD and conducted SF simulations. The results suggest potential cell-killing effects due to high-dose differences in SFB.
Unbinding of alpha chain of hemoglobin in sickle and normal structures
Authors: Powrel Jhulan , Koirala Rajendra Prasad , Adhikari Narayan Prasad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sickle cell disease, a genetic disorder, is caused by a mutation of glutamic acid into valine in β chain of hemoglobin at the sixth residue, resulting in structural change of the entire hemoglobin molecule into a sickle shape. We investigated the atomic level interaction between the α chain (chain A) and the remaining three chains to identify the structural modification in sickle hemoglobin using the molecular dynamics simulations. Hydrogen bonding, solvent accessible surface area (SASA), hydrophobic interactions, salt bridges of sickle and normal hemoglobin have been estimated. The estimated parameters from sickle hemoglobin is compared to normal hemoglobin structure. Steered Molecular Dynamics (SMD) has been utilized to estimate the force required in breaking hydrogen bonds in given chains. The SMD simulations at different pulling velocities show that the decoupling force depends on value of pulling force. This relation is linear, 6780 pN to 12345 pN with pulling velocities of 0.00020nm/ps to 0.00040nm/ps in sickle hemoglobin. Much higher force of 8738 pN to 16557 pN in normal is required in normal hemoglobin with same spring constants values from k = 500 to 1100 kcal mol−1 nm−2 and same pulling velocities.
Interferenceless coded aperture correlation holography for five-dimensional imaging of 3D space, spectrum and polarization
Authors: Joshi Narmada , Tiwari Vipin , Kahro Tauno , Xavier Agnes Pristy Ignatius , Tahara Tatsuki , Kasikov Aarne , Kukli Kaupo , Juodkazis Saulius , Tamm Aile , Rosen Joseph , Anand Vijayakumar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Interferenceless coded aperture correlation holography (I-COACH) is a robust imaging technique for recovering three-dimensional object information using incoherent holography without two-beam interference. In this study, five-dimensional (5D) imaging along 3D space, spectrum and polarization in I-COACH is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for the first time. The proposed technique exploits the polarization-dependent light modulation characteristics of spatial light modulators to record polarization-dependent intensity distributions, which are distinguished by significant blurring between orthogonal polarization states. 5D I-COACH is implemented by inter-connecting all five dimensions in a single frame, and image recovery is attempted from different configurations of recorded point spread intensity distributions and response-to-object intensity distributions along 5D using recently developed deconvolution techniques. The simulation and experimental results confirm the 5D imaging capabilities of I-COACH. The proposed technique can be a useful tool for birefringence microscopy, and functional and structural imaging applications.
Constitutive modelling of non-crystalline solids using Van der Waals Potential
Authors: Kumar Raj , Mahata Paritosh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Non-crystalline solid materials have significant applications in the domains of science and engineering. This study focuses on the use of fundamental concepts of molecular interactions to develop a constitutive equation that can predict the stress-stretch behaviors of these materials. The strain energy density function of the material is derived using Helmholtz free energy of van der Waals potential. It is obtained in terms of excluded volume and number density of the molecules. To make consistent with continuum approximation, the excluded volume and number density are defined in terms of strain invariants of right Cauchy-Green deformation tensor. Finally, the constitutive model is represented in the form of Cauchy stress tensor. The current model is used for predicting finite deformation of non-crystalline solid phase of material. The results derived from the current model are also compared with the experimental results of polyurethane foam and poly vinyl alcohol gel materials. The current constitutive model can also be used for predicting the deformation characteristics of micro/nano components used in engineering systems. This study can provide a basis for the future scope of the constitutive modelling for the non-crystalline solid materials considering their complex molecular structures.
High performance energy-saving electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction: a minireview on the influence of structure and support
Authors: Zuo Chunyan , Hu Hengyuan , Han Meisheng , Qiu Yejun , Tao Guohua 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Generating hydrogen from water electrolysis is a promising clean energy strategy that may help alleviate energy crisis, which stimulates tremendous research interests in searching high performance catalysts with low energy consumption. Here, we review recent progresses on the development of high performance electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from the energy consumption perspective. A universal energy label based on energy conversion efficiency (ECE) is proposed to evaluate the HER performance, and a global design strategy incorporating both catalyst and support in the same integrated framework is advocated. In particular, the structural influence on the ECE and the stability of HER electrocatalysts is discussed, and the role of support carriers in forming energy-saving catalytic systems with minimized non-HER energy loss, which are vital for practical processes, is highlighted. This paper provides new insights into the structure-property relationship and the support effect in developing highly efficient and durable electrocatalysts for HER.
Nipple Position and Clinical Outcomes Following Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy: An Examination of Prepectoral and Subpectoral Implant-Based Reconstruction Utilizing 3D Imaging
Authors: Stern Carrie S , Graziano Francis D , White Donovan R , Shammas Ronnie L , Plotsker Ethan L , Smith-Montes Elizabeth , Boe Lillian , Levy Jacob , Moo Tracy-Ann , Sacchini Virgilio , Allen Robert J , Mehrara Babak J , Nelson Jonas A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) has become increasingly popular in recent years. However, the impact of prepectoral vs subpectoral implant reconstruction on nipple position, clinical outcomes, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after NSM remains unknown.

Objective
We hypothesized that prepectoral reconstruction would lead to a more anatomic nipple position and improved clinical outcomes and PROs when compared to subpectoral reconstruction following NSM.

Methods
Surgical characteristics, complications, and PROs in NSM patients with implant-based reconstruction from 2018 to 2021 were prospectively collected. Nipple displacement from baseline was analyzed with 3-dimensional (3D) surface imaging.

Results
In total 216 patients underwent 391 NSMs, separated into subpectoral (n = 96) and prepectoral (n = 120) cohorts. There were no differences in demographics or comorbidities between cohorts. Prepectoral placement showed a greater incidence of short-term return to the operating room (21% vs 10%, P = .026). Three-dimensional analysis of 96 patients and 175 nipple positions was conducted. Compared to preoperative baseline, 3D imaging at 12 months postoperatively showed that the subpectoral cohort had greater straight-line distance between the nipples (23.1 mm vs 17.3 mm, P &lt; .001) and more lateral nipple displacement (9.2 mm vs 6.1 mm, P &lt; .001) when compared to the prepectoral cohort. Regression analysis found no relationship between incision pattern and nipple displacement. No postoperative differences were seen in PROs.

Conclusions
Subpectoral NSM reconstruction was found to have more lateralized nipple displacement when compared to prepectoral patients, regardless of the incision pattern employed. Nipple displacement after NSM can play a significant role in postoperative aesthetic appearance and should be considered when deciding implant plane.

Level of Evidence: 3 (Therapeutic)
Territorial-sneaker games with non-uniform interactions and female mate choice
Authors: Sherratt Thomas N , Beatty Christopher D , Dewan Ian , Di Iorio Katherine , Finkelstein Isaac , Loeffler-Henry Karl , Miller Marrissa , Para Falisha , Raposo Megan , Sherratt Frances 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Male territorial-sneaker polymorphisms are common in nature. To understand how these polymorphisms evolve, we developed a game theoretical model analogous to the classical Hawk-Dove model, but with two important differences. First, we allowed non-uniform interaction rates of strategies to account for the possibility that some interactions between male strategies are disproportionately more frequent than others. Second, we allowed females to exhibit a preference for one type of male and thereby choose mates adaptively. Selection dynamics were modeled using coupled replicator equations. The model confirms that there is a broad range of conditions under which a male polymorphism will arise. We applied the model to understand the genetic polymorphism in adult male Mnais damselflies (Zygoptera). Here, orange-winged adult males defend oviposition sites and mate with females when they arrive, while clear-winged ‘sneaker’ males are typically non-territorial and opportunistically mate with females. Intriguingly, in allopatry, the males of Mnais costalis and M. pruinosa both exhibit the same orange-clear winged polymorphism but where the species co-occur, males of M. costalis evolve orange wings while males of M. pruinosa tend to evolve clear wings. To understand this phenomenon and evaluate the importance of female choice in mediating it, we extended our game-theoretical model to two interacting species. While both competitive and reproductive interference can explain the male monomorphisms in sympatry, reproductive interference explains the phenomenon under a wider set of conditions. When females of the rarer species change their male preferences to facilitate species discrimination, it can generate runaway selection on male phenotypes.
Multimodal artificial intelligence models for radiology
Authors: Tariq Amara , Banerjee Imon , Trivedi Hari , Gichoya Judy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) models in medicine often fall short in real-world deployment due to inability to incorporate multiple data modalities in their decision-making process as clinicians do. Clinicians integrate evidence and signals from multiple data sources like radiology images, patient clinical status as recorded in electronic health records, consultations from fellow providers, and even subtle clues using the appearance of a patient, when making decisions about diagnosis or treatment. To bridge this gap, significant research effort has focused on building fusion models capable of harnessing multi-modal data for advanced decision making. We present a broad overview of the landscape of research in multimodal AI for radiology covering a wide variety of approaches from traditional fusion modelling to modern vision-language models. We provide analysis of comparative merits and drawbacks of each approach to assist future research and highlight ethical consideration in developing multimodal AI. In practice, the quality and quantity of available training data, availability of computational resources, and clinical application dictates which fusion method may be most suitable.
Physicians’ required competencies in AI-assisted clinical settings: a systematic review
Authors: Schuitmaker Lotte , Drogt Jojanneke , Benders Manon , Jongsma Karin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) in clinical settings may offer significant benefits. A roadblock to the responsible implementation of medical AI is the remaining uncertainty regarding requirements for AI users at the bedside. An overview of the academic literature on human requirements for the adequate use of AI in clinical settings is therefore of significant value.

Sources of data
A systematic review of the potential implications of medical AI for the required competencies of physicians as mentioned in the academic literature.

Areas of agreement
Our findings emphasize the importance of physicians’ critical human skills, alongside the growing demand for technical and digital competencies.

Areas of controversy
Concrete guidance on physicians' required competencies in AI-assisted clinical settings remains ambiguous and requires further clarification and specification. Dissensus remains over whether physicians are adequately equipped to use and monitor AI in clinical settings in terms of competencies, skills and expertise, issues of ownership regarding normative guidance, and training of physicians’ skills.

Growing points
Our review offers a basis for subsequent further research and normative analysis on the responsible use of AI in clinical settings.

Areas timely for developing research
Future research should clearly outline (i) how physicians must be(come) competent in working with AI in clinical settings, (ii) who or what should take ownership of embedding these competencies in a normative and regulatory framework, (iii) investigate conditions for achieving a reasonable amount of trust in AI, and (iv) assess the connection between trust and efficiency in patient care.
Brain microstructure alterations in subjective cognitive decline: a multi-component T2 relaxometry study
Authors: Rivas-Fernández Miguel Ángel , Bouhrara Mustapha , Canales-Rodríguez Erick J , Lindín Mónica , Zurrón Montserrat , Díaz Fernando , Galdo-Álvarez Santiago 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Previous research has revealed patterns of brain atrophy in subjective cognitive decline, a potential preclinical stage of Alzheimer’s disease. However, the involvement of myelin content and microstructural alterations in subjective cognitive decline has not previously been investigated. This study included three groups of participants recruited from the Compostela Aging Study project: 53 cognitively unimpaired adults, 16 individuals with subjective cognitive decline and hippocampal atrophy and 70 with subjective cognitive decline and no hippocampal atrophy. Group differences were analysed across five MRI biomarkers derived from multi-component T2 relaxometry, each sensitive to variations in cerebral composition and microstructural tissue integrity. Although no significant differences in myelin content were observed between groups, the subjective cognitive decline with hippocampal atrophy group exhibited a larger free-water fraction, and reduced fraction and relaxation times of the intra/extracellular water compartment in frontal, parietal and medial temporal lobe brain regions and white matter tracts as compared with the other groups. Moreover, both subjective cognitive decline groups displayed lower total water content as compared with the control group and the subjective cognitive decline with hippocampal atrophy group showed lower total water content as compared with the subjective cognitive decline without hippocampal atrophy group. These changes are likely related to microstructural tissue differences related to neuroinflammation, axonal degeneration, iron accumulation or other physiologic variations, calling for further examinations.
Dehydroamino acids and their crosslinks in Alzheimer’s disease aggregates
Authors: Markovich Samuel W , Frey Brian L , Scalf Mark , Shortreed Michael R , Smith Lloyd M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the accumulation of protein aggregates, which are thought to be influenced by posttranslational modifications. Dehydroamino acids are rarely observed posttranslational modifications that contain an electrophilic alkene capable of forming protein-protein crosslinks, which may lead to protein aggregation. We report here the discovery of dehydroamino acids in the protein aggregates from Alzheimer’s disease, constituting an unknown and previously unsuspected source of extensive proteomic complexity. We used mass spectrometry-based proteomics to discover 404 sites of dehydroamino acid formation in 171 proteins from protein aggregate-enriched human brain samples, 6-fold more sites than observed in the soluble protein fractions. The dehydroamino acid modifications are observed both directly and in the form of conjugates after reacting with abundant cellular nucleophiles or crosslinking to nucleophilic amino acid residues. We report 11 such crosslinks, including three in the Tau protein, which are 10-fold more abundant in Alzheimer’s disease samples compared to age-matched controls. Many of the proteins found to contain dehydroamino acids and their conjugates are involved in protein aggregation or pathways dysregulated in Alzheimer’s disease. Dehydroamino acids are prevalent modifications in the Alzheimer’s disease brain proteome and give rise to protein crosslinks that may contribute to protein aggregation.
YOLO-fall: a YOLO-based fall detection model with high precision, shrunk size, and low latency
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyang , Bai Jian , Qiao Guanchao , Xiao Xiao , Meng Liwei , Hu Shaogang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
According to recent research statistics, falling has become an important factor affecting the health and safety of the elderly. To reduce the computational cost of hardware and meet the demand for real-time fall detection, we propose a lightweight fall detection network called YOLO-fall oriented for mobile and small edge computing devices. We have made the following improvements based on you only look once (YOLO). First, the backbone network is designed to be lightweight. Then, the convolution module is reparameterized and the C3 structure is improved to ensure the balance between speed and accuracy. Finally, a 5 × 5 depth convolution is added to the detection head to improve the detection ability of large targets. The proposed YOLO-fall is trained and validated on the E-FPDS public dataset and achieves a 78.4% mean average precision (mAP) with 2.45 M parameters and 12.2 GFLOPs. Compared with YOLOv5s, YOLO-fall has a 6.1% improvement in mAP and a 65.1% reduction in parameters. Although Yolov9s has a higher mAP of 82.9%, YOLO-fall reduces the parameters and calculation quantities by 74.8 and 69.2%, respectively. Therefore, the proposed YOLO-fall has the potential to accurately perform real-time fall detection on mobile and small edge computing devices.
Cardiac strangulation with chronic ab-extrinseco occlusion of the left-circumflex artery from an epicardial lead: a case report
Authors: Giarletta Lorenzo , Moliterno Eleonora , Perna Francesco , Marano Riccardo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Cardiac strangulation (CS) from epicardial pacing leads (EPLs) is a rare and potentially lethal mechanical complication associated with epicardial pacemaker (PM) implantation.

Case summary
We report a case of a 44-year-old-female patient presenting with chest and left shoulder pain in the absence of reported trauma with history of congenital atrioventricular block treated with epicardial PM implantation during the childhood and subsequent transvenous reimplantation over the years. Troponin I resulted within normal values and ECG, transthoracic echocardiography and chest X-ray documented no acute cardiopulmonary findings. After 3 months the patient underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) documenting the presence of solid and focally calcified tissue grown along the course of the EPLs, determining multiple focal impressions on the left ventricular epicardial edge and a segmental occlusion of the middle left-circumflex artery (LCX) due to ab-extrinseco compression. After 10 days, the patient was admitted at the emergency department with atypical chest pain and underwent invasive coronary angiography (ICA), which confirmed chronic occlusion of the mid-LCX with complete collateral circulation; a stress echocardiography ruled out myocardial ischaemia and the patient was uneventfully discharged.

Discussion
The diagnosis of CS in patients with epicardial PM leads remains challenging, especially in adults with atypical clinical presentation; thus, any clinical or instrumental clue should prompt further higher-level imaging investigations, such as CCTA or ICA. It is also important to disclose that sometimes CS can be only a collateral finding with no relationship with the patient’s symptoms.