bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term Outcomes Following a Comprehensive Quality Assurance and Process Improvement Endeavor to Minimize Opioid Use After Kidney Transplant
Authors: Carcella Taylor , Patel Neha , Marable Jarrod , Bethi Shipra , Fleming James , Baliga Prabhakar , DuBay Derek , Taber David , Rohan Vinayak 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceOpioid use following kidney transplant is associated with an increased risk of graft loss and mortality. Opioid minimization strategies and protocols have shown reductions in short-term opioid use after kidney transplant.ObjectiveTo evaluate the long-term outcomes associated with an opioid minimization protocol following kidney transplant.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis single-center quality improvement study evaluated postoperative and long-term opioid use before and after the implementation of a multidisciplinary, multimodal pain regimen and education process in adult kidney graft recipients from August 1, 2017, through June 30, 2020. Patient data were collected from a retrospective chart review.ExposuresPreprotocol and postprotocol implementation use of opioids.Main Outcomes and MeasuresBetween November 7 and 23, 2022, opioid use before and after protocol implementation was evaluated up to 1 year after transplant using multivariable linear and logistic regression.ResultsA total of 743 patients were included, with 245 patients in the preprotocol group (39.2% female and 60.8% male; mean [SD] age, 52.8 [13.1 years]) vs 498 in the postprotocol group (45.4% female and 54.6% male; mean [SD] age, 52.4 [12.9 years]). The total morphine milligram equivalents (MME) in the 1-year follow-up in the preprotocol group was 1203.7 vs 581.9 in the postprotocol group. In the postprotocol group, 313 patients (62.9%) had 0 MME in the 1-year follow-up vs 7 (2.9%) in the preprotocol group (odds ratio [OR], 57.52; 95% CI, 26.55-124.65). Patients in the postprotocol group had 99% lower odds of filling more than 100 MME in the 1-year follow-up (adjusted OR, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.01-0.02; P &amp;lt; .001). Opioid-naive patients postprotocol were one-half as likely to become long-term opioid users vs preprotocol (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.20-0.98; P = .04).Conclusions and RelevanceThe study’s findings show a significant reduction in opioid use in kidney graft recipients associated with the implementation of a multimodal opioid-sparing pain protocol.
Mechano‐Triboelectric Transduction of Sliding‐Mode Nanogenerators with Magnetic Pre‐Stress
Authors: Zhang Qin , Shen Fan , Cao Chen , Gong Ying , Wang Biao , Li Zhongjie , Peng Yan , Zhang Quan , Hu Chenguo , Guo Hengyu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStudies on the enhancement of output performance are widely presented based on the theory of output characteristics for sliding‐mode triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). However, few studies are reported to investigate the electromechanical coupling of the external force onto the S‐TENG due to its fuzzy influence on electrical performance. In order to study the effect of the pre‐stress on S‐TENGs, in this work, a novel strategy of adding flexible magnet layers in the S‐TENG is first proposed to study the electrification and coupling effect induced by magnetic pre‐stress (or magnetically stresses triboelectric nanogenerator, MS‐TENG) both theoretically and experimentally. The electromechanical characteristic of the MS‐TENG is theoretically studied by introducing the magnetic pre‐stress coefficient. Considering the effect of the magnetic pre‐stress, load resistances, and sliding frequency on MS‐TENG at a low sliding speed, the relevant output performance of the MS‐TENG is derived through the equivalent circuit model. Furthermore, the corresponding experiments are conducted and the experimental results present a good agreement with the theoretical calculations, which effectively reveal the principle of the magnetic pre‐stress on the MS‐TENG. This work is aimed at providing a theoretical description with validations on the effect of external pre‐stresses on the performance enhancement of S‐TENGs.
STING Protein‐Based In Situ Vaccine Synergizes CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and NK Cells for Tumor Eradication
Authors: He Yanpu , Hong Celestine , Huang Shengnan , Kaskow Justin A. , Covarrubias Gil , Pires Ivan S. , Sacane James C. , Hammond Paula T. , Belcher Angela M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling is a promising target in cancer immunotherapy, with many ongoing clinical studies in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Existing STING‐based therapies largely focus on activating CD8+ T cell or NK cell‐mediated cytotoxicity, while the role of CD4+ T cells in STING signaling has yet to be extensively studied in vivo. Here, a distinct CD4‐mediated, protein‐based combination therapy of STING and ICB as an in situ vaccine, is reported. The treatment eliminates subcutaneous MC38 and YUMM1.7 tumors in 70–100% of mice and protected all cured mice against rechallenge. Mechanistic studies reveal a robust TH1 polarization and suppression of Treg of CD4+ T cells, followed by an effective collaboration of CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and NK cells to eliminate tumors. Finally, the potential to overcome host STING deficiency by significantly decreasing MC38 tumor burden in STING KO mice is demonstrated, addressing the translational challenge for the 19% of human population with loss‐of‐function STING variants.
4D Printed Programmable Shape‐Morphing Hydrogels as Intraoperative Self‐Folding Nerve Conduits for Sutureless Neurorrhaphy
Authors: Joshi Akshat , Choudhury Saswat , Baghel Vageesh Singh , Ghosh Souvik , Gupta Sumeet , Lahiri Debrupa , Ananthasuresh G. K. , Chatterjee Kaushik 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere are only a few reports of implantable 4D printed biomaterials, most of which exhibit slow deformations rendering them unsuitable for in situ surgical deployment. In this study, a hydrogel system is engineered with defined swelling behaviors, which demonstrated excellent printability in extrusion‐based 3D printing and programmed shape deformations post‐printing. Shape deformations of the spatially patterned hydrogels with defined infill angles are computationally predicted for a variety of 3D printed structures, which are subsequently validated experimentally. The gels are coated with gelatin‐rich nanofibers to augment cell growth. 3D‐printed hydrogel sheets with pre‐programmed infill patterns rapidly self‐rolled into tubes in vivo to serve as nerve‐guiding conduits for repairing sciatic nerve defects in a rat model. These 4D‐printed hydrogels minimized the complexity of surgeries by tightly clamping the resected ends of the nerves to assist in the healing of peripheral nerve damage, as revealed by histological evaluation and functional assessments for up to 45 days. This work demonstrates that 3D‐printed hydrogels can be designed for programmed shape changes by swelling in vivo to yield 4D‐printed tissue constructs for the repair of peripheral nerve damage with the potential to be extended in other areas of regenerative medicine.
Chemical–Mechanical Polishing of 4H Silicon Carbide Wafers
Authors: Wang Wantang , Lu Xuesong , Wu Xinke , Zhang Yiqiang , Wang Rong , Yang Deren , Pi Xiaodong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract4H silicon carbide (4H‐SiC) holds great promise for high‐power and high‐frequency electronics, in which high‐quality 4H‐SiC wafers with both global and local planarization are cornerstones. Chemical–mechanical polishing (CMP) is the key processing technology in the planarization of 4H‐SiC wafers. Enhancing the performance of CMP is critical to improving the surface quality and reducing the processing cost of 4H‐SiC wafers. In this review, the superior properties of 4H‐SiC and the processing of 4H‐SiC wafers are introduced. The development of CMP with chemical, mechanical, and chemical–mechanical synergistic approaches to improve the performance of CMP is systematically reviewed. The basic principle and processing system of each improvement approach are presented. By comparing the material removal rate of CMP and the surface roughness of CMP‐treated 4H‐SiC wafers, the prospect on the chemical, mechanical, and chemical–mechanical synergistic improvement approaches is finally provided.
Self‐Powered and Humidity‐Modulable Optoelectronic Synapse
Authors: Lao Jie , Jiang Chunli , Luo Chunhua , Zhong Ni , Tian Bobo , Yue Fangyu , Tang Xiaodong , Peng Hui , Duan Chun‐Gang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the advantage of high bandwidth, low power consumption, and low crosstalk from optical signal stimulation, optoelectronic synapses are attracting more and more attention. Herein, a self‐powered two‐terminal optoelectronic synapse based on a lead‐free Cs2AgBiBr6 perovskite/P(VDF‐TrFE)/pentacene heterostructure is designed, which shows bidirectional responses to optical stimuli with different wavelengths (λ = 445 nm/660 nm). This feature enables the device to emulate both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic behaviors in a fully optical pathway. Besides optical stimulus, humidity is used as an additional stimulus to modulate the synaptic performance of the device under 445 nm illumination. The device is successfully applied to stimulate the behavior of the weather tree forecast and visual learning and forgetting processes under different mood states via humidity regulation.
Ice‐Templating: Integrative Ice Frozen Assembly to Tailor Pore Morphology of Energy Storage and Conversion Devices
Authors: Zhao Feng , Lin Lin , Zhang Jian , Liu Jing , Shi Junyou , Godec Yann Le , Courac Alexandre 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIce‐templating, also known as directional freezing or freeze‐casting, features the tunability of microstructure, the wide applicability of functional nanomaterials, and the fabrication of multiscale well‐controlled biomimetic materials. Recently, integrating ice‐templating with other materials’ processing technologies (such as, spraying, spinning, filtration, and hydrothermal), it has been investigated to tailor pore morphology of scaffolds for emerging applications. Such integration endows materials with various structures (cellular, dendritic, and lamellar) and dimensions (0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D), which opens up a new avenue for improving material properties and developing new materials. Herein, this review probes into the relationship of integrative ice frozen assembly with structure and describes the fundamental principles and synthesis strategies for preparing multi‐scale materials with complex biomimetic structures via ice‐templating. Focusing on ice crystal nucleation and growth, it summarizes the performance of ice‐templating in constructing pore geometries. Additionally, the review analyzes in depth the correlation between microstructure and macromorphology of final scaffolds, highlighting the application of integrative ice frozen assembly in electrochemical energy storage and conversion, and prospects for future research directions for this field.
Deep Learning Enabled Perceptive Wearable Sensor: An Interactive Gadget for Tracking Movement Disorder
Authors: Babu Anand , Ranpariya Spandan , Sinha Dhirendra Kumar , Mandal Dipankar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBiosignals of diverse body posture contain a key information about the physiological, kinesiological, and anatomical status of human body that can facilitate in early assessing the neurological maladies such as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and other neurological disorders. Early detection and timely intervention of specific diagnosis for curing the disorders is considered as one of the effective step of diagnosis. Existing technologies of capturing human movements have the limitations of low latencies, bulky counterpart, cost‐intensive, and power consuming. A highly sensitive (≈440 mV N−1), confirmable, and flexible wearable gadget is introduced for addressing such complexities; moreover, the gadget is fabricated by recycling waste material. Subsequently, it is interfaced with various deep/machine learning algorithms for classification/prediction of different hand poses; particularly unsupervised k‐means clustering is used for observing discrete classes, and different supervised algorithms such as k‐nearest neighbor, support vector machine, deep neural network (DNN), and pattern recognition that provide the high degree of prediction accuracy (up to ≈98%) for classification of different postures. Thus, artificial intelligence‐aided wearable gadget can not only offer an unique solution for autonomously tracking various body movements but also assist in reducing waste materials, which is otherwise a threat to the environment.
Universal Homojunction Design for Colloidal Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetectors
Authors: Chen Menglu , Xue Xiaomeng , Qin Tianling , Wen Chong , Hao Qun , Tang Xin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDue to the appeal of room temperature operation and low‐cost potential, colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have become an alternative to traditional epitaxial materials for infrared photodetection. However, various device structure designs and different functional material layers are required to obtain high photodetection performances for different infrared subranges. In this work, a straightforward method is introduced for building CQD p‐i‐n homojunction as well as the inverted n‐i‐p homojunction photodetector, by preparing various doping type and density CQD inks with a mixed phase ligand exchange method. It is approved that both normal and inverted homojunctions show the specific detectivity D* as high as 1012‐1011 Jones and external quantum efficiency near 90% at high operating temperature. It is also approved that the method works for multiple infrared subranges such as 1.5 µm that covers the conventional wavelength for fiber‐optical communication (1530–1565 nm), 1.3–1.9 µm that is about the short‐wave infrared (SWIR), 1.3–2.5 µm that covers extend SWIR (beyond the standard InGaAs sensors, 1.75 µm), and 3.6 µm that belongs to mid‐wave infrared (MWIR). Applications such as spectrometer and infrared imager are also demonstrated.
Oscillating Fluid Flow Activated Osteocyte Lysate‐Based Hydrogel for Regulating Osteoblast/Osteoclast Homeostasis to Enhance Bone Repair
Authors: Zheng Liyuan , Zhou Disheng , Ju Feier , Liu Zixuan , Yan Chenzhi , Dong Zhaoxia , Chen Shuna , Deng Lizhi , Chan Szehoi , Deng Junjie , Zhang Xingding 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs major regulators on bone formation/resorption in response to mechanical stimuli, osteocytes have shown great promise for restoring bone injury. However, due to the unmanageable and unabiding cell functions in unloading or diseased environments, the efficacy of osteogenic induction by osteocytes has been enormously limited. Herein, a facile method of oscillating fluid flow (OFF) loading for cell culture is reported, which enables osteocytes to initiate only osteogenesis and not the osteolysis process. After OFF loading, multiple and sufficient soluble mediators are produced in osteocytes, and the collected osteocyte lysates invariably induce robust osteoblastic differentiation and proliferation while restraining osteoclast generation and activity under unloading or pathological conditions. Mechanistic studies confirm that elevated glycolysis and activation of the ERK1/2 and Wnt/β‐catenin pathways are the major contributors to the initiation of osteoinduction functions induced by osteocytes. Moreover, an osteocyte lysate‐based hydrogel is designed to establish a stockpile of “active osteocytes” to sustainably deliver bioactive proteins, resulting in accelerated healing through regulation of endogenous osteoblast/osteoclast homeostasis.
The Rise and Development of MOF‐Based Materials for Metal‐Chalcogen Batteries: Current Status, Challenges, and Prospects
Authors: Zhang Long , Hou Yanglong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMetal‐chalcogen batteries (MCBs) have been considered promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage because of their low cost, high theoretical capacity, and environmental friendliness. However, several issues, such as volume changes during charging/discharging, the shuttle effect of soluble intermediates, the sluggish reaction kinetics of intermediate conversions, and the uncontrolled dendrite growth of alkali metal anodes, have greatly impeded the commercialization of MCBs. The introduction of metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐based materials (pristine MOFs, MOF composites, and MOF derivatives) into different parts of MCBs can effectively overcome the above issues because these materials possess the advantages of high porosity, low density, large surface area, regular pore channels, tunable pore size, and topological variety. Herein, a detailed overview of recent advances in MOF‐based materials in MCBs, providing comprehensive guidelines for further research is presented. MOF‐based materials for cathodes and anodes are first summarized, in which the influence of various parameters of pristine MOFs on the properties and the application status of typical composites and derivatives are presented. MOF‐based materials for separators are then presented according to different working mechanisms. Next, MOF‐based materials for electrolytes are described based on their physical states. Finally, the challenges and outlook for applying MOF‐based materials in MCBs are discussed.
Effects of a ketogenic and low‐fat diet on the human metabolome, microbiome, and foodome in adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Dilmore Amanda Hazel , Martino Cameron , Neth Bryan J. , West Kiana A. , Zemlin Jasmine , Rahman Gibraan , Panitchpakdi Morgan , Meehan Michael J. , Weldon Kelly C. , Blach Colette , Schimmel Leyla , Kaddurah‐Daouk Rima , Dorrestein Pieter C. , Knight Rob , Craft Suzanne ,   Alzheimer's Gut Microbiome Project Consortium
Published: April 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe ketogenic diet (KD) is an intriguing therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer's disease (AD) given its protective effects against metabolic dysregulation and seizures. Gut microbiota are essential for KD‐mediated neuroprotection against seizures as well as modulation of bile acids, which play a major role in cholesterol metabolism. These relationships motivated our analysis of gut microbiota and metabolites related to cognitive status following a controlled KD intervention compared with a low‐fat‐diet intervention.METHODSPrediabetic adults, either with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or cognitively normal (CN), were placed on either a low‐fat American Heart Association diet or high‐fat modified Mediterranean KD (MMKD) for 6 weeks; then, after a 6‐week washout period, they crossed over to the alternate diet. We collected stool samples for shotgun metagenomics and untargeted metabolomics at five time points to investigate individuals’ microbiome and metabolome throughout the dietary interventions.RESULTSParticipants with MCI on the MMKD had lower levels of GABA‐producing microbes Alistipes sp. CAG:514 and GABA, and higher levels of GABA‐regulating microbes Akkermansia muciniphila. MCI individuals with curcumin in their diet had lower levels of bile salt hydrolase‐containing microbes and an altered bile acid pool, suggesting reduced gut motility.DISCUSSIONOur results suggest that the MMKD may benefit adults with MCI through modulation of GABA levels and gut‐transit time.
Conformationally Controlled sp3‐Hydrocarbon‐Based α‐Helix Mimetics
Authors: Dewis Lydia I. , Rudrakshula Madhavachary , Williams Christopher , Chiarparin Elisabetta , Myers Eddie L. , Butts Craig P. , Aggarwal Varinder K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith over 60 % of protein–protein interfaces featuring an α‐helix, the use of α‐helix mimetics as inhibitors of these interactions is a prevalent therapeutic strategy. However, methods to control the conformation of mimetics, thus enabling maximum efficacy, can be restrictive. Alternatively, conformation can be controlled through the introduction of destabilizing syn‐pentane interactions. This tactic, which is often adopted by Nature, is not a common feature of lead optimization owing to the significant synthetic effort required. Through assembly‐line synthesis with NMR and computational analysis, we have shown that alternating syn–anti configured contiguously substituted hydrocarbons, by avoiding syn‐pentane interactions, adopt well‐defined conformations that present functional groups in an arrangement that mimics the α‐helix. The design of a p53 mimetic that binds to Mdm2 with moderate to good affinity, demonstrates the therapeutic promise of these scaffolds.
Multifunctional starch/carbon nanotube composites with segregated structure: Electrical conductivity, electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness, thermal conductivity, and electro‐thermal conversion
Authors: Mei Xiangxiang , Zhao Yunfeng , Jiang Haowei , Gao Tianyuan , Huang Zhao‐Xia , Qu Jin‐Ping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractConductive polymer composites with segregated structure (s‐CPCs) are widely used in the electronics industry. Achieving selective distribution of the conductive fillers in the polymer matrix is an effective way to construct s‐CPCs. In this work, the starch was used as the matrix and the carbon nanotube (CNT) was used as the conductive fillers to fabricate multifunctional s‐CPCs, via simple mechanical mixing and compression molding. During the processing, the starch underwent partial gelatinization, which was conducive to the fusion of the starch granules and the selective distribution of the CNT. Scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope images showed that the CNT was attached to the surface of the starch granules to form a segregated structure. The starch/CNT composites exhibited a significant percolation, with a percolation threshold of 0.24 vol%. When the CNT content was 3.05 vol%, the starch/CNT composites exhibited a high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of 33.12 dB, which was commercially applicable in EMI shielding devices. The starch/CNT composites also possess good thermal management properties and can be used as thermal conductors and electro‐thermal conversion devices. This work manifests the application prospect in the field of the electronics industry and broadens the application potential of starch.
Evaluation of properties and aging resistance of epoxy asphalt composite modified by ultraviolet absorber
Authors: Wang Qichang , Min Zhaohui , Wong Yiik Diew , Li Mingyue , Huang Wei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis research investigated the effect of ultraviolet absorber (UV‐531) on the properties of epoxy asphalt (EA) binders. EA binders were modified by adding UV‐531 absorber at contents of 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 wt%, and composites were then subjected to ultraviolet (UV)‐based aging, including UV, oxygen, and heat treatment. Laboratory tests were conducted to assess UV absorption, viscosity, mechanical parameters, contact angle, microstructure, and chemical functional groups of absorber‐modified EA composites before and after aging. The results showed that the addition of UV‐531 resulted in enhanced UV absorption capacity, lower initial viscosity, and longer allowable application time for EA composites. The UV‐531 absorber has good compatibility with EA binders and does not weaken the performance of EA binders. From anti‐aging perspective, UV‐531 absorber effectively delayed the degradation of the physical, mechanical, and chemical structures of EA composites. The breakage of alkyl and ester groups of EA composites containing absorber was significantly reduced under aging conditions. Overall, the presence of UV‐531 retarded severe performance deterioration in EA composite. Considering aging improvement and economic cost, it is recommended to use a content of 0.9 wt% UV‐531 absorber as an anti‐aging agent for EA composites.