bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of selective attention to specific emotions on the processing of faces as revealed by event‐related brain potentials
Authors: Schmuck Jonas , Schnuerch Robert , Kirsten Hannah , Shivani Vanishree , Gibbons Henning 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEvent‐related potential studies using affective words have indicated that selective attention to valence can increase affective discrimination at early perceptual stages. This effect most likely relies on neural associations between perceptual features of a stimulus and its affective value. Similar to words, emotional expressions in human faces are linked to specific visual elements. Therefore, selectively attending to a given emotion should allow for the preactivation of neural networks coding for the emotion and associated first‐order visual elements, leading to enhanced early processing of faces expressing the attended emotion. To investigate this, we employed an expression detection task (N = 65). Fearful, happy, and neutral faces were randomly presented in three blocks while participants were instructed to respond only to one predefined target level of expression in each block. Reaction times were the fastest for happy target faces, which was accompanied by an increased occipital P1 for happy compared with fearful faces. The N170 yielded an arousal effect (emotional > neutral) while both components were not modulated by target status. In contrast, the early posterior negativity (EPN) arousal effect tended to be larger for target compared with nontarget faces. The late positive potential (LPP) revealed large effects of status and expression as well as an interaction driven by an increased LPP specifically for nontarget fearful faces. These findings tentatively indicate that selective attention to facial affect may enhance early emotional processing (EPN) even though further research is needed. Moreover, late controlled processing of facial emotions appears to involve a negativity bias.
Short‐term storage of sperm in common carp from laboratory research to commercial production—A review
Authors: Shazada Nururshopa Eskander , Alavi Sayyed Mohammad Hadi , Siddique Mohammad Abdul Momin , Cheng Yu , Zhang Songpei , Rodina Marek , Kocour Martin , Linhart Otomar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractShort‐term storage of fish sperm is a simple and cost‐effective process in fishery research from basic to applied perspectives. It has been used to elucidate and evaluate gamete biology and quality, perform in vitro fertilization, develop sperm cryopreservation. Sperm short‐term storage is used in selective breeding, hatchery production and advanced molecular investigations such as disease detection of commercial species in aquaculture as well as biological conservation of threatened or endangered fishes. Several studies have demonstrated that the quality of common carp Cyprinus carpio sperm can be influenced by their health, age, nutritional status, the dose of administered hormone and environmental factors. When sperm is stored for short time, spermatozoa motility and viability as key determinants of fertility affected by storage parameters including the composition of natural seminal plasma, duration of exposure, temperature, dilution ratio if the extender is used, and additives in addition to the factors that affect sperm quality such as the age of male and spawning period. This is due to damage to the integrity of the plasma membrane, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing oxidative stress and epigenetic modification. This review highlights and investigates the recent data regarding worldwide aquaculture production, short‐term storage of common carp sperm and the effects of storage on spermatozoa function with consideration to factors that affect sperm quality during storage. It also highlights the knowledge gap that must be filled in the future for designing methods from laboratory into practical applications of short‐term storage in the breeding program of common carp.
Locke on the objective nature of miracles
Authors: Barrientos Alexander‐Henri 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLocke's definition of miracles in “A Discourse of Miracles” is widely cited by scholars as evidence of his subjectivism on the matter. According to this interpretation, Locke held it to be sufficient that an event seems to be a violation of the laws of nature for it to count as a miracle. Nothing supernatural need actually occur. The principal aim of this article is to argue that Locke can and ought to be read as an objectivist about miracles. A subjectivist reading falls short in two crucial respects: It undermines the function of miracles as evidence for divine revelation, so central to his account, and is at odds with his consistent and explicitly objective use of the term, as an event that necessarily involves a violation of the laws of nature. Indeed, it is from their objective nature that Locke thinks miracles derive their evidential force. A key part of my argument lies in distinguishing between ontological and epistemological issues concerning miracles and demonstrating how this distinction is present throughout his work on the matter. Ultimately, I conclude that what is often interpreted as Locke's subjectivism about miracles is his privileging of these epistemic issues.
A phylogenomic perspective on the relationships of subfamilies in the family Geometridae (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Murillo‐Ramos Leidys , Twort Victoria , Wahlberg Niklas , Sihvonen Pasi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGeometrid moths, the second largest radiation of Lepidoptera, have been the target of extensive phylogenetic studies. Those studies have flagged several problems in tree topology that have remained unanswered. We address three of those: (i) deep nodes of Geometridae (subfamilies Sterrhinae + Larentiinae, or Sterrhinae alone as sister to all other subfamilies), (ii) the taxonomic status of subfamily Orthostixinae and (iii) the systematic position of the genus Eumelea (classified in Desmobathrinae: Eumeleini or incertae sedis earlier). We address these questions by using a phylogenomic approach, a novel method on these moths, with up to 1000 protein‐coding genes extracted from whole‐genome shotgun sequencing data. Our datasets include representatives from all geometrid subfamilies and we analyse the data by using three different tree search strategies: partitioned models, GHOST model and multispecies coalescent analysis. Despite the extensive data, we found incongruences in tree topologies. Eumelea did not associate with Desmobathrinae as suggested earlier, but instead, it was recovered in three different phylogenetic positions, either as sister to Oenochrominae, Geometrinae or as sister to Oenochrominae + Geometrinae. Orthostixinae, represented by its type species, falls within Desmobathrinae. We propose the following taxonomic changes: we raise Eumeleini to subfamily rank as Eumeleinae stat. nov. and we treat Orthostixinae as a junior synonym of Desmobathrinae syn. nov.
A Window Into the European City: Exploring Socioeconomic Residential Segregation in Urban Poland
Authors: Marcińczak Szymon , Gentile Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we build on a long research effort aimed at identifying the specific conditions, functional and structural characteristics of urban areas, that produce different levels of residential segregation across cities. We explore segregation levels in Poland's 87 largest cities, cities with more than 50,000 residents, by measuring indices of dissimilarity relating to socio‐professional status. We then proceed by examining core structural determinants of the revealed segregation levels, including city size, and housing market characteristics. The results suggests that the structural characteristics of urban regions are indeed significant predictors of the level of socio‐spatial disparities in urban Poland. As expected, larger cities are more segregated than the smaller ones; higher shares of public housing also appear to contribute to more pronounced socioeconomic spatial divisions. Intriguingly, the share of new housing stock alone is not related to strong residential segregation.
Molecular identification of a laccase that catalyzes the oxidative coupling of a hydroxycinnamic acid amide for hordatine biosynthesis in barley
Authors: Ube Naoki , Ishihara Atsushi , Yabuta Yukinori , Taketa Shin , Kato Yasuo , Nomura Taiji 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYPlants produce dimerized phenolic compounds as secondary metabolites. Hordatine A (HA), a dehydrodimer of p‐coumaroylagmatine (pCA), is an antifungal compound accumulated at high levels in young barley (Hordeum vulgare) seedlings. The enzyme responsible for the oxidative dimerization of pCA, which is the final step of the hordatine biosynthetic pathway, has not been identified. In this study, we first verified the presence of this enzyme activity in the crude extract of barley seedlings. Because the enzyme activity was not dependent on H2O2, the responsible enzyme was not peroxidase, which was previously implicated in HA biosynthesis. The analysis of the dissection lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum) carrying aberrant barley 2H chromosomes detected HA in the wheat lines carrying the distal part of the 2H short arm. This chromosomal region contains two laccase genes (HvLAC1 and HvLAC2) that are highly expressed at the seedling stage and may encode enzymes that oxidize pCA during the formation of HA. Changes in the HvLAC transcript levels coincided with the changes in the HA biosynthesis‐related enzyme activities in the crude extract and the HA content in barley seedlings. Moreover, HvLAC genes were heterologously expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and in bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra) suspension cells and HA biosynthetic activities were detected in the crude extract of transformed N. benthamiana leaves and bamboo suspension cells. The HA formed by the enzymatic reaction had the same stereo‐configuration as the naturally occurring HA. These results demonstrate that HvLAC enzymes mediate the oxidative coupling of pCA during HA biosynthesis.
Endurance of Difference: Insights from Contemporary Native Hawaiian Media
Authors: Ramones Ikaika 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAnthropological discussions of difference entail the question of how alterity persists—how counterhegemonic projects are sustained. This article examines Native Hawaiian media practices that subvert hegemonic imaginaries of Hawaiʻi as paradise, critiquing the political cosmology of liberalist settler colonialism, while also maintaining Indigenous alternatives of being in the world. While Indigenous peoples are indeed constituted by capital and settler relations, how does a measure of the alterity of subjects and their worlds endure—resisting commensuration amid entanglement? By examining the stories of a number of contemporary Native Hawaiian filmmakers, their works, and collaborative projects, this article argues that the maintenance of difference be read through sovereignty, and that modes of “endurance,” “resurgence,” or “survivance” emerge from Indigenous understandings of genealogical being and its capacity to make and sustain persons and worlds. In examining the question of how different subjects and their worlds endure, the grounds for persistence are an important part of the social picture.
Hair cortisol concentration, disease severity and quality of life in dogs with atopic dermatitis during lokivetmab therapy
Authors: Stuart Marques Vanessa , Calesso Jéssica Ragazzi , de Carvalho Otávio Valério , da Costa‐Val Bicalho Adriane Pimenta 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere are no studies which evaluate hair cortisol as a biological marker of stress and anxiety in pruritic dogs during atopic dermatitis therapy.ObjectivesA longitudinal evaluation of hair cortisol concentrations, the severity of disease and the QoL in dogs with cAD during therapy with lokivetmab.AnimalsTen client‐owned dogs with cAD.Materials and MethodsDogs were assessed at three time points: at the initial visit at day (D) 0 and at D28, when lokivetmab (2.2–3.2 mg/kg) was administered, and at D56 for one further evaluation. At all time points, pruritus and lesion severity was assessed using the pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS) and Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI‐04). Dog owners filled out a validated QoL questionnaire and hair cortisol concentrations were measured from samples collected from the same area on each dog.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in PVAS (p < 0.001) and improvement in QoL of dogs (QoL1) and owners (QoL2) after lokivetmab administration, with a positive correlation of the PVAS with QoL1 and QoL2 (r = 0.71 and 0.52, respectively). There was no difference in CADESI‐04 scores at the different time points (p = 0.515). A significant reduction in hair cortisol levels at D56 was measured compared with D28 (p < 0.001).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceHair cortisol may be a useful marker of stress in dogs with cAD. These results highlight the negative impact of cAD on the QoL of dogs and their owners, and the positive benefit of lokivetmab therapy.
Abdominal ultrasonographic evaluation of the urinary tract, adrenal glands, spleen, hepatobiliary, and gastrointestinal tract in juvenile eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus)
Authors: Barkman William D , Connolly Joanne H , Dutton Geoffrey J , Stannard Hayley J , Carstens Ann 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this prospective and anatomic study was to describe the ultrasonographic anatomy of the kidneys, urinary bladder, adrenal glands, spleen, liver, gall bladder, and gastrointestinal tract in healthy juvenile eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus). As ultrasonographic descriptions are lacking in marsupial species, it was also conducted to develop a systematic approach for abdominal ultrasonographic evaluation in the kangaroo and to provide preliminary quantitative and qualitative references. Ten macropod cadavers (eight eastern grey kangaroos and two swamp wallabies (Wallabia bicolor)) were used for initial dissections and preliminary ultrasonographic examinations. Seven eastern grey kangaroos (four females and three males; mean mass 18 kg (±4.5)) were ultrasonographically examined under heavy sedation in lateral recumbency. The gaseous forestomach occupied a large proportion of the entire abdomen ultrasonographically; therefore, the majority of cranial landmarks were based on an intercostal approach comparable to a deep‐chested dog. Compared to domestic species, ultrasonographic differences in anatomy include the forestomach, hindstomach, liver orientation, distinguishable adrenal glands, splenic branching, and epipubic bones, all of which were described. The study was limited by the small sample size (7) and weight range (14‐25 kg). The systematic approach and description of the normal ultrasonographic anatomy of the abdominal organs in the eastern grey kangaroo should provide a foundation for the ultrasonographic diagnosis and interpretation of abdominal disease in this species.
HOW CULTURE MADE US UNIQUELY HUMAN
Authors: Henrich Joseph 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article argues that understanding human uniqueness requires recognizing that we are a cultural species whose evolution has been driven by the interaction among genes and culture for over a million years. Here, I review the basic argument, incorporate recent findings, and highlight ongoing efforts to apply this approach to more deeply understand both the universal aspects of our cognition as well as the variation across societies. This article will cover (1) the origins and evolution of our capacities for culture, (2) examples of specialized mental abilities such as those related to mechanical causality, prestige, and cooperation, and (3) recent efforts to apprehend our capacities for abstraction. I close by discussing common canards that generate confusion in mapping what makes us human.
Hyper high haemoglobin content in red blood cells and erythropoietic transitions postnatally in infants of 22 to 26 weeks’ gestation: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Larsson Sara Marie , Ulinder Tommy , Rakow Alexander , Vanpee Mireille , Wackernagel Dirk , Sävman Karin , Hansen-Pupp Ingrid , Hellström Ann , Ley David , Andersson Ola 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveBlood cell populations, including red blood cells (RBC) unique to the extremely preterm (EPT) infant, are potentially lost due to frequent clinical blood sampling during neonatal intensive care. Currently, neonatal RBC population heterogeneity is not described by measurement of total haemoglobin or haematocrit. We therefore aimed to describe a subpopulation of large RBCs with hyper high haemoglobin content, >49 pg (Hyper-He) following EPT birth.DesignProspective observational cohort study.SettingTwo Swedish study centres.ParticipantsInfants (n=62) born between gestational weeks 22+0to 26+6.MethodsProspective data (n=280) were collected from March 2020 to September 2022 as part of an ongoing randomised controlled trial. Blood was sampled from the umbilical cord, at postnatal day 1–14, 1 month, 40 weeks’ postmenstrual age and at 3 months’ corrected age.ResultsAt birth, there was a considerable inter-individual variation; Hyper-He ranging from 1.5% to 24.9% (median 7.0%). An inverse association with birth weight and gestational age was observed; Spearman’s rho (CI) −0.38 (−0.63 to −0.07) and −0.39 (−0.65 to −0.05), respectively. Overall, Hyper-He rapidly decreased, only 0.6%–5.0% (median 2.2%) remaining 2 weeks postnatally. Adult levels (<1%) were reached at corresponding term age.ConclusionOur results point to gestational age and birth weight-dependent properties of the RBC population. Future work needs to verify results by different measurement techniques and elucidate the potential role of differing properties between endogenous and transfused RBCs in relation to neonatal morbidities during this important time frame of child development.Trial registration numberNCT04239690.
Women of reproductive age living in the North of the Netherlands: Lifelines Reproductive Origins of Adult Health and Disease (Lifelines-ROAHD) cohort
Authors: Peters Lilian L , Groen Henk , Sijtsma Anna , Jansen Danielle , Hoek Annemieke 
Published: May 2023

PurposeThe Lifelines Reproductive Origins of Adult Health and Disease (Lifelines-ROAHD) cohort provides a uniquely detailed dataset allowing investigations of determinants of reproductive health as well as the influence of reproductive events on future health and disease of mother and child(ren). Lifelines-ROAHD cohort is embedded in the population-based Lifelines cohort study.ParticipantsIn total, 5412 women of reproductive age (20–45 years) were included in the Lifelines-ROAHD cohort, in the period 2017–2018.Findings to dateIn the population, 45.6% of the women indicated that they had a natural menstrual cycle. In total, 908 women (16.8%) consulted a healthcare provider for infertility; subsequently diagnosed fertility problems were anovulation (24.4%), male partner infertility problems (22.5%) or unexplained infertility (22.2%). Women underwent various consecutive assisted reproductive treatments, for example, ovulation induction (19.8%) or in vitro fertilisation (5.4%). In total, 2808 women experienced 6158 pregnancies and 5068 births. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were miscarriage (14.3%), ectopic pregnancy (0.9%) or termination of pregnancy or medical abortion (2.0 %). The modes of delivery were vaginal births (74.9%), instrumental vaginal births (11.9%), elective caesarean section (3.9%) and emergency caesarean section (9.3%). Birth outcomes were born alive at term (93.6%), born alive (very) pre-term (5.8%), stillbirth (0.316%) and neonatal death (0.197%). Additional data about 2660 most recent pregnancies showed that 19.9% of the women had irregular working hours. One year postpartum, women indicated adverse physical health issues in one or more domains, range 0.5%–12.5%. They also indicated adverse psychological health issues in one or more domains, range 0.7%–1.6%, and 1.6% experienced diminished sexual health.Future plansDue to the embedding of Lifelines-ROAHD cohort in the original Lifelines cohort, the women will be longitudinally followed. Additionally, we aim to collect data with a second online questionnaire aiming to complete women’s reproductive histories, by collecting data about potential first and subsequent pregnancies conceived after the date of completion of baseline Lifelines-ROAHD cohort.
Short-term outcomes of perioperative glucocorticoid administration in patients undergoing liver surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Yan Xiangyu , Huang Songhan , Li Feiyu , Jiang Liyong , Jiang Yong , Liu Jun 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveThe purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate whether glucocorticoid might be beneficial after hepatectomy.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science.Eligibility criteriaWe included studies assessing the efficacy of perioperative glucocorticoid administration in patients undergoing liver surgery.Data extraction and synthesisFour data bases were retrieved for all randomised controlled trials. We considered postoperative complications, hospital stay and postoperative chemistry evaluations as outcomes. Pooled effects of dichotomic variables were expressed as relative risk (RR) with a 95% CI. The mean difference was used for continuous variables and an inverse variance statistical method was adopted.ResultsFourteen studies with 1205 patients were included. Lower risk of overall complications was associated with glucocorticoid (RR, 0.77; 95% CI 0.64 to 0.92), while no difference was found in hospital stay (RR, 0.02; 95% CI −0.47 to 0.51). There were also improvements in postoperative chemistry evaluations including interleukin 6 on day 1 and 3, C reactive protein on day 1, 2 and 3, international normalised ratio on day 2, total bilirubin on day 1, 2, 3 and 5, albumin on day 1.ConclusionCurrent evidence indicated that perioperative glucocorticoid administration for patients undergoing hepatectomy reduced the risk of overall complications with inhibited postoperative inflammatory response and improved postoperative liver function.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022307533.