bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential response of chlorophyll-a concentrations to explosive volcanism in the western South Pacific
Authors: Yoon Joo-Eun , King David , Longman Jack , Cronin Shane J. 
Published: April 2023

When it is deposited in the ocean, volcanic ash has the potential to release iron and other nutrients into surface water to stimulate ocean productivity. In the western South Pacific Ocean (SPO), one of the most important volcanic ash deposition regions, occasional widespread transport of volcanic ash may supply the nutrients not only locally around source islands but also within the wider the western SPO, accompanied by phytoplankton response. Through a comparative analysis of satellite and reanalysis data for the past 19 years (2004–2022), this study reveals that four explosive volcanic eruptions, Rabaul volcano, Papua New Guinea (October, 2006), Ambae volcano, Vanuatu (July, 2018), Ulawun volcano, Papua New Guinea (June, 2019), and Hunga volcano, Tonga (January, 2022), had the most strong stratospheric injection (&gt;15 km) and mass loading of volcanic materials over the wider the western SPO (covering an area of &gt;765,000 km2). The transport of 2006, 2018, 2019 volcanic emissions, was not likely associated with significant ash deposition over the western SPO. However, the Hunga eruption led to the deposition of ash-laden volcanic plumes over a wide area (~2,000 km from source), and was followed by the increase in chlorophyll-a concentrations (Chl-a) in the region (~70% increase). Minor changes related to other nutrient sources (e.g., hydrothermal input) suggest a link between the increase in Chl-a and 2022 Hunga ash falls over the western SPO. Our results indicate that volcanic ash deposition has implications for phytoplankton productivity in the western SPO, and highlights the need for further research into understanding how nutrient supply alleviated limitations of phytoplankton at the community level.
A non-expensive bidimensional assessment can detect subtle alterations in gait performance in people in the early stages of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: d'Alencar Matheus Silva , Santos Gabriel Venas , Helene André Frazão , Roque Antonio Carlos , Miranda José Garcia Vivas , Piemonte Maria Elisa Pimentel 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundGait is one of the activities most affected by the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and may show a linear decline as the disease progresses. Early assessment of its performance through clinically relevant tests is a key factor in designing efficient therapeutic plans and procedures, which can be enhanced using simple and low-cost technological instruments.ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of a two-dimensional gait assessment to identify the decline in gait performance associated with Parkinson’s disease progression.MethodsOne hundred and seventeen people with Parkinson’s disease, classified between early and intermediate stages, performed three clinical gait tests (Timed Up and Go, Dynamic Gait Index, and item 29 of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale), in addition to a six-meter gait test recorded by a two-dimensional movement analysis software. Based on variables generated by the software, a gait performance index was created, allowing a comparison between its results with the results obtained by clinical tests.ResultsThere were differences between sociodemographic variables directly related to the evolution of Parkinson’s disease. Compared to clinical tests, the index proposed to analyze gait showed greater sensitivity and was able to differentiate the first three stages of disease evolution (Hoehn and Yahr I and II: p = 0.03; Hoehn and Yahr I and III: p = 0.00001; Hoehn and Yahr II and III: p = 0.02).ConclusionBased on the index provided by a two-dimensional movement analysis software that uses kinematic gait variables, it was possible to differentiate the gait performance decline among the three first stages of Parkinson’s disease evolution. This study offers a promising possibility of early identification of subtle changes in an essential function of people with Parkinson’s disease.
2-Hydroxy-4-Methylselenobutanoic Acid Promotes Follicle Development by Antioxidant Pathway
Authors: Xu Shengyu , Dong Yanpeng , Chen Sirun , Liu Yalei , Li Zimei , Jia Xinlin , Briens Mickael , Jiang Xuemei , Lin Yan , Che Lianqiang , Zhuo Yong , Li Jian , Feng Bin , Fang Zhengfeng , Wang Jianping , Ren Zhihua , Wu De 
Published: April 2023

Graphical AbstractModel of proposed mechanism of 2-Hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid (HMSeBA) regulated follicle development by antioxidant pathway.
A modified method for CT radiomics region-of-interest segmentation in adrenal lipid-poor adenomas: a two-institution comparative study
Authors: Zhu Hanlin , Wu Mengwei , Wei Peiying , Tian Min , Zhang Tong , Hu Chunfeng , Han Zhijiang 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the application of modified region-of-interest (ROI) segmentation method in unenhanced computed tomography in the radiomics model of adrenal lipid-poor adenoma, and to evaluate the diagnostic performance using an external medical institution data set and select the best ROI segmentation method.MethodsThe imaging data of 135 lipid-poor adenomas and 102 non-adenomas in medical institution A and 30 lipid-poor adenomas and 43 non-adenomas in medical institution B were retrospectively analyzed, and all cases were pathologically or clinically confirmed. The data of Institution A builds the model, and the data of Institution B verifies the diagnostic performance of the model. Semi-automated ROI segmentation of tumors was performed using uAI software, using maximum area single-slice method (MAX) and full-volume method (ALL), as well as modified single-slice method (MAX_E) and full-volume method (ALL_E) to segment tumors, respectively. The inter-rater correlation coefficients (ICC) was performed to assess the stability of the radiomics features of the four ROI segmentation methods. The area under the curve (AUC) and at least 95% specificity pAUC (Partial AUC) were used as measures of the diagnostic performance of the model.ResultsA total of 104 unfiltered radiomics features were extracted using each of the four segmentation methods. In the ROC analysis of the radiomics model, the AUC value of the model constructed by MAX was 0.925, 0.919, and 0.898 on the training set, the internal validation set, and the external validation set, respectively, and the AUC value of MAX_E was 0.937, 0.931, and 0.906, respectively. The AUC value of ALL was 0.929, 0.929, and 0.918, and the AUC value of ALL_E was 0.942, 0.926, and 0.927, respectively. In all samples, the pAUCs of MAX, MAX_E, ALL, and ALL_E were 0.021, 0.025, 0.018, and 0.028, respectively.ConclusionThe diagnostic performance of the radiomics model constructed based on the full-volume method was better than that of the model based on the single-slice method. The model constructed using the ALL_E method had a stronger generalization ability and the highest AUC and pAUC value.
Development and validation of prognostic dynamic nomograms for hepatitis B Virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma with microvascular invasion after curative resection
Authors: Bai Shilei , Yang Pinghua , Wei Yanping , Wang Jie , Lu Caixia , Xia Yong , Si Anfeng , Zhang Baohua , Shen Feng , Tan Yexiong , Wang Kui 
Published: April 2023

Background and AimThe prediction models of postoperative survival for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) with microvascular invasion (MVI) have not been well established. The study objective was the development of nomograms to predict disease recurrence and overall survival (OS) in these patients.MethodsData were obtained from 1046 HBV-related MVI-positive HCC patients who had undergone curative resection from January 2014 to December 2017. The study was approved by the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital and Jinling Hospital ethics committee, and patients provided informed consent for the use of their data. Nomograms for recurrence and OS were created by Cox regression model in the training cohort (n=530). The modes were verified in an internal validation cohort (n= 265) and an external validation cohort (n= 251).ResultsThe nomograms of recurrence and OS based on preoperative serological indicators (HBV-DNA, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, a-fetoprotein), tumor clinicopathologic features (diameter, number), surgical margin and postoperative adjuvant TACE achieved high C-indexes of 0.722 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.711-0.732) and 0.759 (95% CI, 0.747-0.771) in the training cohort, respectively, which were significantly higher than conventional HCC staging systems (BCLC, CNLC, HKLC).The nomograms were validated in the internal validation cohort (0.747 for recurrence, 0.758 for OS) and external validation cohort(0.719 for recurrence, 0.714 for OS) had well-fitted calibration curves. Our nomograms accurately stratified patients with HBV-HCC with MVI into low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups of postsurgical recurrence and mortality. Prediction models for recurrence-free survival (https://baishileiehbh.shinyapps.io/HBV-MVI-HCC-RFS/) and OS (https://baishileiehbh.shinyapps.io/HBV-MVI-HCC-OS/) were constructed.ConclusionsThe two nomograms showed good predictive performance and accurately distinguished different recurrence and OS by the nomograms scores for HBV-HCC patients with MVI after resection.
Pattern of Antibiotic Prescriptions in Chinese Children, A Cross-Sectional Survey From 17 Hospitals Located Across 10 Provinces of China
Authors: Zhang Jiaosheng , Ma Xiang , Tang Lanfang , Tian Daiyin , Lin Li , Li Yanqi , Lu Gen , Si Ligang , Zhang Wenshuang , Qian Jing , Wu Lijuan , Liu Gang , Li Wei , Cao Qing , Wu Keye , Zheng Yuejie , Deng Jikui , Yang Yonghong 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesUse of Broad-spectrum antibiotics is related closely to increasing antimicrobial resistance. Reports on antibiotic prescriptions for Chinese children were rare. We described the prescribing patterns of antibiotic prescriptions for Chinese children from 2017 to 2019 based on the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification (ATC classification); the Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) classification from the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Management of Antibiotic Classification in China.MethodsA 1-day point-prevalence survey (PPSs) on antibiotics prescribing for Chinese children was conducted in hospitalized children from 17 centers in 10 Chinese provinces from 1 September 2017 to 30 November 2019.ResultsA total of 4,982 antibiotic prescriptions for Chinese children were included in the analysis. There were 76 types of antibiotic agents in total, 22 (28.9%) of which accounted for 90% of all antibiotic prescriptions. The top-three antibiotics prescribed for children were azithromycin (684, 13.7%), ceftriaxone (508, 10.2%) and latamoxef (403, 8.1%). Third-generation cephalosporins (1,913, 38.4%) were the most commonly prescribed antibiotic classes. On the basis of the AWaRe classification, the Watch group antibiotics accounted for 76.3% and Access group antibiotics accounted for 12.1% of all antibiotic prescriptions. On the basis of the China classification, we showed that 26.5% of antibiotic prescriptions were in the Unrestricted group, 53.6% in the Restricted group, and 14.5% in the Special group.ConclusionThe proportion of antibiotics included in the Watch group and the Special group was high in children in China. The AWaRe classification and China classification for antibiotic prescriptions could be used to supply detailed data for antibiotic stewardship as a simple metric.
Clinical and hormonal characteristics and growth data of 45,X/46,XY mosaicism in 38 Chinese patients
Authors: Yang Jiaoru , Li Yan , Li Pin 
Published: April 2023

Backgrounds45,X/46,XY mosaicism is the most common type of sex chromosomal abnormality in disorders of sex development (DSD). We investigated the clinical manifestations, serum sex hormone levels and growth data of 38 45,X/46,XY mosaicism patients, which provides better insight into this disease.MethodsWe prospectively evaluated 38 patients who were diagnosed with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism at the Department of Endocrinology of Shanghai Children's Hospital from 2010 to 2020. We analyzed clinical data from the patients, including hormone levels, height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and gonadal pathology results.ResultsAmong the 38 cases of 45,X/46,XY mosaicism, 18 cases showed a female external genitalia phenotype (the female group) with an external masculinization score (EMS) of 1 (0–3) [median (range)], and 20 cases showed a male external genitalia phenotype (the male group) with an EMS of 7.63 (3–11) [median (range)]. The age at diagnosis ranged from 0.7 to 16.1 years. Under 2 years of age, the standard deviation scores of height (HtSDS) were in the normal range and then they gradually decreased. The inhibin B (INHB), anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), and testosterone (T) levels after human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) stimulation and the T:DHT ratio in the male group were significantly higher than those in the female group (P &lt; 0.001). The basal luteinizing hormone (LH), basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), peak LH and peak FSH in females were significantly higher than those in males (P &lt; 0.05). Their height showed a positive correlation with T levels after HCG stimulation (r = 0.636, P &lt; 0.01), T:DHT ratio (r = 0.724, P &lt; 0.01), growth hormone (GH) (r = 0.827, P &lt; 0.05), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) (r = 0.067, P &gt; 0.05) and a negative correlation with gonadal pathology in ovarian tissue (r = −0.663, P &lt; 0.05) and the number of chimaeric XY cells (r = −0.533, P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsPatients with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism have specific growth patterns. Their HtSDS was in the normal range during 0–2 years of age and then they began to show a short stature after 2 years of age. The probability of short stature in females was higher than that in males. WtSDS were all in the normal range, but below the median. BMISDS was in the normal range, and there was no evidence of obesity. The gonads in the male group retained a certain androgen secretion function, while the gonadal damage is more severe in the female group.
A case of double cystic esophageal duplication in VACTERL syndrome: the first case report and a review of the literature
Authors: Vasta G. , Tursini S. , Rovero E. , Angotti R. , Molinaro F. , Briganti V. 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundAn esophageal duplication cyst (EDC) is a rare malformation resulting from the embryonic foregut. VACTERL syndrome is a genetic disorder affecting many systems of the human body. We report the first case of VACTERL syndrome associated to asymptomatic double EDC.Case reportA girl with anorectal malformation and rectovestibular fistula, kidney malformation, and various vertebral defects came to our attention at the time of birth. VACTERL disease was diagnosed. She underwent Peña anoplasty at 4 months of life without complications. MRI was conducted at the age of 2. It accidentally showed a double esophageal duplication (12 mm × 35 mm × 10 mm) at the D7–D9 level. We planned a thoracoscopy; previous intraoperative esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed an external compression of the native esophagus. Two duplicated esophageal lesions were removed. The patient made an uneventful recovery and was completely asymptomatic at long-term follow-up.ConclusionsVACTERL syndrome is still a not well-defined disease. Based on the current literature, this is the first case of a double esophageal duplication in a patient affected by VACTERL syndrome. According to us, the thoracoscopic approach of esophageal duplications can be followed by experts. Complete surgical excision is possible even if the cyst shares a common muscular wall with the esophagus. For this reason, we suggest to close the muscular wall by a simple interrupted suture.
Potential profound fluctuation in tacrolimus concentration on consumption of pomegranate rind extract: A Pharmacokinetic Experiment
Authors: Karwasra Ritu , Ahmad Sayeed , Singh Surender 
Published: April 2023

Background: Presently, varied case reports demonstrated an increase or decrease in blood concentration of diverse conventional drugs, often co-administered with edible fruits, spices, or vegetables. The overarching aim of this research is to elucidate the fluctuations in tacrolimus (TAC) blood concentration on the consumption of pomegranate rind extract (PRE).Methods: A pharmacokinetic (PK) study was conducted with two groups, vis-a-vis PRE + TAC (3 mg/kg) and TAC (3 mg/kg) alone groups. An experimental study was conducted in three different manners: Single-dose (S) PRE (200 mg/kg), 7-day repetitive (7-R) PRE (200 mg/kg) dosing, and multiple (M) PRE doses (100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg). All the blood samples (approximately 300 μl) were drawn at different time intervals, i.e., 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 h after oral administration of TAC (3 mg/kg). The estimation of TAC in rat plasma was done using the hyphenated technique LC-MS/MS where the mass spectrometer used was a triple-stage quadrupole in multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode.Results: The findings depict that in comparison with the TAC (3 mg/kg) alone group with the 7-day repetitive (7-R) PRE (200 mg/kg) dosing, the Cmax was found to be 9.03 ± 1.21 ng/ml; AUC from time zero to infinity (AUC0-∞), 61.91 ± 17.37 ngh/ml, while the TAC (3 mg/kg) + PRE group exhibited an increase in PK parameters of TAC (Cmax 22.48 ± 3.07 ng/ml; AUC0-∞ 153.08 ± 13.24 ng h/ml). The authors further investigated in what manner the PRE affects the PK of TAC in animals. For this, docking studies with major phytoconstituents present in the PRE with CYP3A4 isoenzyme were carried out. Ellagitannins (dock score, −11.64) and punicalagin (dock score, −10.68) were again used for molecular simulation studies with TAC. To validate our findings, a CYP3A4 inhibitory in vitro assay was conducted.Conclusion: Based on the integrated in vivo and in silico studies, we concluded that pomegranate rind extract interacts strongly with CYP isoenzyme and is therefore responsible for the altered PK profile of TAC.
The impact of heme oxygenase-2 on pharmacological research: A bibliometric analysis and beyond
Authors: Mancuso Cesare 
Published: April 2023

Heme oxygenase (HO-2) is an enzyme mainly involved in the physiologic turnover of heme and intracellular gas sensing, and it is very abundant in the brain, testes, kidneys and vessels. Since 1990, when HO-2 was discovered, the scientific community has underestimated the role of this protein in health and disease, as attested by the small amount of articles published and citations received. One of the reason that have contributed to the lack of interest in HO-2 was the difficulty in upregulating or inhibiting this enzyme. However, over the last 10 years, novel HO-2 agonists and antagonists have been synthesized, and the availability of these pharmacological tools should increase the appeal of HO-2 as drug target. In particular, these agonists and antagonists could help explain some controversial aspects, such as the neuroprotective versus neurotoxic roles of HO-2 in cerebrovascular diseases. Furthermore, the discovery of HO-2 genetic variants and their involvement in Parkinson’s disease, in particular in males, opens new avenues for pharmacogenetic studies in gender medicine.
Shifting from a thermal-constrained to water-constrained ecosystem over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xu Chaoyi , Liu Dan , Wang Xiaoyi , Wang Tao 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionUnderstanding the seasonality of vegetation growth is important for maintaining sustainable development of grassland livestock systems over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Current knowledge of changes in the seasonality of TP grasslands is restricted to spring and autumn phenology, with little known about the date of peak vegetation growth, the most relevant quantity for grassland productivity.MethodsWe investigate the shifts of the date of peak vegetation growth and its climatic controls for the alpine grasslands over the TP during 2001–2020 using a framework based on the law of minimum, which is based on the assumption that peak vegetation growth would be consistent with the peak timing of the most limiting climatic resource.ResultsThe date of peak vegetation growth over the TP advanced by 0.81 days decade-1 during 2001–2020. This spring-ward shift mainly occurs in the semi-humid eastern TP, where the peak growth date tracks the advancing peak precipitation, and shifted towards the timing of peak temperature. The advancing peak growth over the eastern TP significantly stimulated the ecosystem production by 1.99 gCm-2 year-1 day-1 during 2001–2020, while this positive effect weakened from 3.02 gCm-2 year-1 day-1 during 2000s to 1.25 gCm-2 year-1 day-1 during 2010s.DiscussionOur results highlighted the importance of water availability in vegetation growth over the TP, and indicated that the TP grassland is moving towards a tipping point of transition from thermal-constrained to water-constrained ecosystem under the rapid warming climate.
Ecological niches in the polyploid complex Linum suffruticosum s.l.
Authors: Afonso Ana , Castro Sílvia , Loureiro João , Arroyo Juan , Figueiredo Albano , Lopes Sara , Castro Mariana 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionThe high frequency of polyploidy in the evolutionary history of many plant groups occurring in the Mediterranean region is likely a consequence of its dynamic paleogeographic and climatic history. Polyploids frequently have distinct characteristics that allow them to overcome the minority cytotype exclusion. Such traits may enable polyploid individuals to grow in habitats different from their parentals and/or expand to new areas, leading to spatial segregation. Therefore, the successful establishment of polyploid lineages has long been associated with niche divergence or niche partitioning and the ability of polyploids to cope with different, often more stressful, conditions. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of environmental variables associated with the current distribution patterns of cytotypes within the polyploid complexLinum suffruticosum s.l..MethodsThe distribution and environmental niches of the five main cytotypes ofLinum suffruticosum s.l.(diploids, tetraploids, hexaploids, octoploids and decaploids) were studied across its distribution range. Realized environmental niche of each cytotype was determined using niche modelling tools, such as maximum entropy modelling and niche equivalency and similarity tests.ResultsDifferences in the environmental conditions ofL. suffruticosum s.l.cytotypes were observed, with polyploids being associated with habitats of increased drought and soil pH, narrower temperature ranges and decreased soil water and cation exchange capacities. Diploids present the widest environmental niche, and polyploids occupy part of the diploid niche. Although some polyploids have equivalent potential ecological niches, cytotypes do not co-occur in nature. Additionally, the ecological niche of this polyploid complex is different between continents, with North African habitats being characterised by differences in soil texture, higher pH, and low cation exchange capacity, precipitation and soil water capacity and higher temperatures than habitats in southwest Europe.DiscussionThe different ecological conditions played a role in the distribution of cytotypes, but the mosaic distribution could not be entirely explained by the environmental variables included in this study. Other factors, such as reproductive isolation and competitive interactions among cytotypes, could further explain the current diversity and distribution patterns in white flax. This study provides relevant data on the niche requirements of each cytotype for further competition and reciprocal transplant experiments. further competition and reciprocal transplant experiments.