bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation control of unmanned rotorcraft systems with state constraints and inter-agent collision avoidance
Authors: Zhou Panpan , Lai Shupeng , Cui Jinqiang , Chen Ben M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe present in this paper a novel framework and distributed control laws for the formation of multiple unmanned rotorcraft systems, be it single-rotor helicopters or multi-copters, with physical constraints and with inter-agent collision avoidance, in cluttered environments. The proposed technique is composed of an analytical distributed consensus control solution in the free space and an optimization based motion planning algorithm for inter-agent and obstacle collision avoidance. More specifically, we design a distributed consensus control law to tackle a series of state constraints that include but not limited to the physical limitations of velocity, acceleration and jerk, and an optimization-based motion planning technique is utilized to generate numerical solutions when the consensus control fails to provide a collision-free trajectory. Besides, a sufficiency condition is given to guarantee the stability of the switching process between the consensus control and motion planning. Finally, both simulation and real flight experiments successfully demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Investigation of metabolic pathways from gut microbiome analyses regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus using artificial neural networks
Authors: Siptroth Julienne , Moskalenko Olga , Krumbiegel Carsten , Ackermann Jörg , Koch Ina , Pospisil Heike 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a prevalent disease that contributes to the development of various health issues, including kidney failure and strokes. As a result, it poses a significant challenge to the worldwide healthcare system. Research into the gut microbiome has enabled the identification and description of various diseases, with bacterial pathways playing a critical role in this context. These pathways link individual bacteria based on their biological functions. This study deals with the classification of microbiome pathway profiles of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Methods
Pathway profiles were determined by next-generation sequencing of 16S rDNA from stool samples, which were subsequently assigned to bacteria. Then, the involved pathways were assigned by the identified gene families. The classification of type 2 diabetes mellitus is enabled by a constructed neural network. Furthermore, a feature importance analysis was performed via a game theoretic approach (SHapley Additive exPlanations). The study not only focuses on the classification using neural networks, but also on identifying crucial bacterial pathways.

Results
It could be shown that a neural network classification of type 2 diabetes mellitus and a healthy comparison group is possible with an excellent prediction accuracy. It was possible to create a ranking to identify the pathways that have a high impact on the model prediction accuracy. In this way, new associations between the alteration of, e.g. a biosynthetic pathway and the presence of diabetes mellitus type 2 disease can also be discovered. The basis is formed by 946 microbiome pathway profiles from diabetes mellitus type 2 patients (272) and healthy comparison persons (674).

Conclusion
With this study of the gut microbiome, we present an approach using a neural network to obtain a classification of healthy and type 2 diabetes mellitus and to identify the critical features. Intestinal bacteria pathway profiles form the basis.
Key Technologies of Financial Digital Industry Innovation and Green Development Driven by Information Technology
Authors: Li Yueru 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith the development and application of Internet technology, the world has entered a new era of the Internet economy. Information resources worldwide are no longer limited by time or space, which significantly improves the operational efficiency of production and commerce. As an essential part of the digital economy, digital finance is developing rapidly. Compared with traditional finance, Internet finance and digital finance have the advantages of low informational and transactional costs, and efficient services, which bring more benefits to consumers and investors. In the traditional small and fragmented long-tail market, the availability of finance has been effectively improved through technology-driven development. However, the sound development of the financial digital industry is inseparable from the self-generated sense of innovation and the exploration of green and sustainable development within the industry. This paper shows the evolution of the innovation and development of the financial digital industry driven by information technology in recent years, summarizes and discusses the key technologies emerging in it, and analyzes its limitations and shortcomings. This work will provide some references for the green development of the current industry.
From Privacy-Enhancing to Health Data Utilisation: The Traces of Anonymisation and Pseudonymisation in EU Data Protection Law
Authors: He Zhicheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe proliferation of digital technologies in healthcare creates two conflicting needs: protection of health data and the free flow of such data. Anonymisation and pseudonymisation hold the potential to play important roles in reconciling these two conflicting needs by enabling the processing of health data in a less privacy-intrusive manner. Taking a forward-looking perspective, this paper aims to contribute to the scholarly debate around anonymisation and pseudonymisation by extending the discussion to the contexts of forthcoming EU data laws, with a focus on the draft European Health Data Space (EHDS) Regulation. It does so by digging into the past, present and future of anonymisation and pseudonymisation in EU data laws. Starting with a positivist enquiry, the paper investigates the traces and evolution of anonymisation and pseudonymisation in EU data protection instruments from both before and after the entry into force of the General Data Protection Regulation. It then shifts focus to future EU data laws and examines the roles of anonymisation and pseudonymisation in these instruments, including the draft EHDS Regulation, the newly adopted EU Data Governance Act and the draft EU Data Act. Ultimately, the paper makes preliminary remarks and recommendations on the draft EHDS Regulation and questions to what extent its current incorporation of anonymisation and pseudonymisation can be reconciled with the health data sharing arrangements proposed in this Regulation.
Public voices on tie-breaking criteria and underlying values in COVID-19 triage protocols to access critical care: a scoping review
Authors: Ramirez Claudia Calderon , Farmer Yanick , Bouthillier Marie-Eve 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
To reduce the arbitrariness in the allocation of rare resources in intensive care units (ICU) in the context of the pandemic, tiebreakers were considered in some COVID-19 triage algorithms. They were also contemplated to facilitate the tragic decisions of healthcare workers when faced with two patients with similar prognosis and only one ICU bed available. Little is known about the public's perspective on tiebreakers.

Objectives
To consolidate the available scientific literature on public consultations, particularly on tiebreakers and their underlying values. Also, to obtain an overview of the key arguments presented by the participating public and to identify potential gaps related to this topic.

Methods
The steps described by Arksey and O’Malley was the preferred method to our approach. Seven electronic databases were searched from January 2020 to April 2022, using keywords for each database: PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, EBM reviews, CINAHL complete. We also searched in Google and Google Scholar, and in the references of the articles found. Our analysis was mainly qualitative. A thematic analysis was performed to consider the public’s perspectives on tiebreakers and their underlying values, according to these studies.

Results
Of 477 publications found, 20 were selected. They carried out public consultations through various methods: surveys (80%), interviews (20%), deliberative processes (15%) and others (5%) in various countries: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Korea, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, United Kingdom, and United States. Five themes emerged from our analysis. The public favored the life cycle (50%) and absolute age (45%) as a tiebreaker. Other values considered important were reciprocity, solidarity, equality, instrumental value, patient merit, efficiency, and stewardship. Among the new findings were a preference for patient nationality and those affected by COVID-19.

Conclusions
There is a preference for favoring younger patients over older patients when there is a tie between similar patients, with a slight tendency to favor intergenerational equity. Variability was found in the public’s perspectives on tiebreakers and their values. This variability was related to socio-cultural and religious factors. More studies are needed to understand the public's perspective on tiebreakers.
Design and implementation of a digital site-less clinical study of serial rapid antigen testing to identify asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Soni Apurv , Herbert Carly , Pretz Caitlin , Stamegna Pamela , Filippaios Andreas , Shi Qiming , Suvarna Thejas , Harman Emma , Schrader Summer , Nowak Chris , Schramm Eric , Kheterpal Vik , Behar Stephanie , Tarrant Seanan , Ferranto Julia , Hafer Nathaniel , Robinson Matthew , Achenbach Chad , Murphy Robert L. , Manabe Yukari C. , Gibson Laura , Barton Bruce , O’Connor Laurel , Fahey Nisha , Orvek Elizabeth , Lazar Peter , Ayturk Didem , Wong Steven , Zai Adrian , Cashman Lisa , Rao Lokinendi V. , Luzuriaga Katherine , Lemon Stephenie , Blodgett Allison , Trippe Elizabeth , Barcus Mary , Goldberg Brittany , Roth Kristian , Stenzel Timothy , Heetderks William , Broach John , McManus David 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background:
Rapid antigen detection tests (Ag-RDT) for SARS-CoV-2 with emergency use authorization generally include a condition of authorization to evaluate the test’s performance in asymptomatic individuals when used serially. We aim to describe a novel study design that was used to generate regulatory-quality data to evaluate the serial use of Ag-RDT in detecting SARS-CoV-2 virus among asymptomatic individuals.

Methods:
This prospective cohort study used a siteless, digital approach to assess longitudinal performance of Ag-RDT. Individuals over 2 years old from across the USA with no reported COVID-19 symptoms in the 14 days prior to study enrollment were eligible to enroll in this study. Participants throughout the mainland USA were enrolled through a digital platform between October 18, 2021 and February 15, 2022. Participants were asked to test using Ag-RDT and molecular comparators every 48 hours for 15 days. Enrollment demographics, geographic distribution, and SARS-CoV-2 infection rates are reported.

Key Results:
A total of 7361 participants enrolled in the study, and 492 participants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, including 154 who were asymptomatic and tested negative to start the study. This exceeded the initial enrollment goals of 60 positive participants. We enrolled participants from 44 US states, and geographic distribution of participants shifted in accordance with the changing COVID-19 prevalence nationwide.

Conclusions:
The digital site-less approach employed in the “Test Us At Home” study enabled rapid, efficient, and rigorous evaluation of rapid diagnostics for COVID-19 and can be adapted across research disciplines to optimize study enrollment and accessibility.
Determinantes de la eficiencia del gasto público sanitario en Latinoamérica: Una evaluación de frontera estocástica
Authors: Pinilla-Rodríguez Diego E. , Jiménez-Aguilera Juan de Dios , Montero-Granados Roberto 
Published: May 2023

ResumenEl objetivo de este artículo es establecer el nivel de eficiencia del gasto público sanitario en América Latina y comprobar su relación con determinadas características institucionales como calidad regulatoria, participación del sector privado, descentralización o tamaño de la burocracia. Se estima una frontera estocástica de verdaderos efectos aleatorios que relaciona el gasto público en salud per cápita frente a la tasa de mortalidad neonatal e infantil y la esperanza de vida después de los sesenta años. Se regresan las ineficiencias resultantes respecto del conjunto de variables institucionales explicativas. Se evidencia el importante papel del gasto público sanitario en la obtención de determinados niveles de realización sanitaria. Sin embargo, su eficiencia es mejorable, especialmente a partir de optimizar la calidad regulatoria del Estado. Latinoamérica ha configurados sistemas sanitarios complejos, pero no han logrado mejorar la coordinación entre sus actores, lo que explica su ineficiencia. La rectoría del gobierno es esencial.
Methodological issues in social cognition research in autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorder: a systematic review
Authors: Konstantin Grace E. , Nordgaard Julie , Henriksen Mads Gram 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecent systematic reviews and meta-analyses conclude that similar social cognitive impairments are found in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD). While methodological issues have been mentioned as a limitation, no study has yet explored the magnitude of methodological heterogeneity across these studies and its potential impact for their conclusion. The purpose of this study was to systematically review studies comparing social cognitive impairments in ASD and SSD with a focus on methodology. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we searched all publications on PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase. Of the 765 studies identified in our data base searches, 21 cross-sectional studies were included in the review. We found significant methodological heterogeneity across the studies. In the 21 studies, a total of 37 different measures of social cognition were used, 25 of which were only used in 1 study. Across studies, the same measure was often said to be assessing different constructs of social cognition – a confusion that seems to reflect the ambiguous definitions of what these measures test in the studies that introduced them. Moreover, inadequate differential diagnostic assessment of ASD samples was found in 81% of the studies, and sample characteristics were markedly varied. The ASD and SSD groups were also often unmatched in terms of medication usage and substance use disorder history. Future studies must address these methodological issues before a definite conclusion can be drawn about the potential similarity of social cognitive impairments in ASD and SSD.
Tracing the origins of midlife despair: association of psychopathology during adolescence with a syndrome of despair-related maladies at midlife
Authors: Brennan Grace M. , Moffitt Terrie E. , Ambler Antony , Harrington HonaLee , Hogan Sean , Houts Renate M. , Mani Ramakrishnan , Poulton Richie , Ramrakha Sandhya , Caspi Avshalom 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMidlife adults are experiencing a crisis of deaths of despair (i.e. deaths from suicide, drug overdose, and alcohol-related liver disease). We tested the hypothesis that a syndrome of despair-related maladies at midlife is preceded by psychopathology during adolescence.MethodsParticipants are members of a representative cohort of 1037 individuals born in Dunedin, New Zealand in 1972–73 and followed to age 45 years, with 94% retention. Adolescent mental disorders were assessed in three diagnostic assessments at ages 11, 13, and 15 years. Indicators of despair-related maladies across four domains – suicidality, substance misuse, sleep problems, and pain – were assessed at age 45 using multi-modal measures including self-report, informant-report, and national register data.ResultsWe identified and validated a syndrome of despair-related maladies at midlife involving suicidality, substance misuse, sleep problems, and pain. Adults who exhibited a more severe syndrome of despair-related maladies at midlife tended to have had early-onset emotional and behavioral disorders [β = 0.23, 95% CI (0.16–0.30), p < 0.001], even after adjusting for sex, childhood SES, and childhood IQ. A more pronounced midlife despair syndrome was observed among adults who, as adolescents, were diagnosed with a greater number of mental disorders [β = 0.26, 95% CI (0.19–0.33), p < 0.001]. Tests of diagnostic specificity revealed that associations generalized across different adolescent mental disorders.ConclusionsMidlife adults who exhibited a more severe syndrome of despair-related maladies tended to have had psychopathology as adolescents. Prevention and treatment of adolescent psychopathology may mitigate despair-related maladies at midlife and ultimately reduce deaths of despair.
Work and Identity in Early Modern England
Authors: Hailwood Mark , Waddell Brodie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHow did work shape people's identity before industrial capitalism? It is a question that early modernists have never really got to grips with. Thanks to decades of research by social and cultural historians, we now have a much better understanding of how people in the past saw themselves and labelled those around them. But until recently scholars of early modern England have had surprisingly little to say about how a person's working life – their occupation, trade, vocation or livelihood – influenced their social identity. This essay is therefore an attempt to synthesise recent research on the subject into a more explicit historiographical intervention. Early modernists need to broaden their research to consider ‘working identities’ as a whole, rather than merely the narrower concept of ‘occupational identities’. By exploring how work influenced a person's self-image and social role, we can reshape our understanding of broader social relations in this period and challenge some of the ‘grand narratives’ of early modern social and economic change.
The Politics of Printing and Knowledge Production in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Samur Daniela 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this review essay I examine how recent books about print culture and knowledge production in Latin America and the Caribbean have addressed the relationship between printing and power, and in doing so have contributed to global discussions about the hierarchies of knowledge production. The study of print culture in a broader social framework shows how printed materials matter beyond the realm of culture. I explore how these new works have understood printing as political and have unravelled its contentious politics; how they have grappled with the global circulation and mobility of printers, prints, and paper; and how they have examined the relation between printing, reading, and writing and the production of urban space.
Legal Pluralism from History to Theory and Back: Otto von Gierke, Santi Romano, and Francesco Calasso on Medieval Institutions
Authors: Conte Emanuele 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper considers the historical contexts in which theories of legal pluralism grew and developed between the final third of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century. Theories of the state as a pluralistic system, as opposed to the absolute supremacy of state-made law, were the focus of German legal historical scholarship in the late nineteenth century, represented by the towering figure of Otto von Gierke. Gierke's image of a pluralist German Middle Ages largely influenced legal scholarship in Europe, even affecting the Italian scholar Santi Romano, whose book on the “legal order” has been considered a milestone in the construction of pluralist legal theories. Once passed from a legal historian like Gierke to a theorist like Romano, the model of a pluralist legal order returned to legal historiography, inspiring the innovative historical interpretation of medieval law proposed by Francesco Calasso. Gierke was a conservative, right-wing socialist, and Romano was a fascist and counselor of the fascist Italian government. Calasso, on the contrary, was a liberal opponent of the fascist regime. The three versions of legal pluralism, then, decline the same basic vision in three different ways, being influenced by the political contexts in which the three authors operated.
Cerebral Organoid Research Ethics and Pinning the Tail on the Donkey
Authors: McKeown Alex 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe risk of creating cerebral organoids/assembloids conscious enough to suffer is a recurrent concern in organoid research ethics. On one hand, we should, apparently, avoid discovering how to distinguish between organoids that it would be permissible (non-conscious) and impermissible (conscious) to use in research, since if successful we would create organoids that suffer. On the other, if we do not, the risk persists that research might inadvertently continue to cause organoids to suffer. Moreover, since modeling some brain disorders may require inducing stress in organoids, it is unclear how to eliminate the risk, if we want to develop effective therapies. We are committed to harm avoidance but hamstrung by a presumption that we should avoid research that might tell us clearly when suffering occurs. How can we negotiate this challenge and maximize the therapeutic benefits of cerebral organoid research? The author interrogates the challenge, suggesting a tentative way forward.
Instrumented insoles for assessment of gait in patients with vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Leong Stephen , Teh Bing M. , Duong Ton , Hu Diane , Chui Alexander , Chen Jocelyn S. , Sisti Michael B. , Wang Tony J.C. , Zanotto Damiano , Lalwani Anil K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundImbalance and gait disturbances are common in patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS) and can result in significant morbidity. Current methods for quantitative gait analysis are cumbersome and difficult to implement. Here, we use custom-engineered instrumented insoles to evaluate the gait of patients diagnosed with VS.MethodsTwenty patients with VS were recruited from otology, neurosurgery, and radiation oncology clinics at a tertiary referral center. Functional gait assessment (FGA), 2-minute walk test (2MWT), and uneven surface walk test (USWT) were performed. Custom-engineered instrumented insoles, equipped with an 8-cell force sensitive resistor (FSR) and a 9-degree-of-freedom inertial measurement unit (IMU), were used to collect stride-by-stride spatiotemporal gait parameters, from which mean values and coefficients of variation (CV) were determined for each patient.ResultsFGA scores were significantly correlated with gait metrics obtained from the 2MWT and USWT, including stride length, stride velocity, normalized stride length, normalized stride velocity, stride length CV, and stride velocity CV. Tumor diameter was negatively associated with stride time and swing time on the 2MWT; no such association existed between tumor diameter and FGA or DHI.ConclusionsInstrumented insoles may unveil associations between VS tumor size and gait dysfunction that cannot be captured by standardized clinical assessments and self-reported questionnaires.