bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common adverse events of electronic cigarettes compared with traditional nicotine replacement therapies: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Anandan Aathavan Shanmuga , Leung Janni , Chan Gary C. K. , Sun Tianze , Connor Jason P. , Hall Wayne D. , Stjepanović Daniel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIssuesEstablished literature suggests that electronic cigarettes (EC) are more effective than traditional nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) as a smoking cessation aid, but the factors that mediate this difference remain poorly understood. We examine how adverse events (AE) associated with EC use relative to NRTs differ, with the view that differences in AEs experienced may drive differences in use and compliance.ApproachPapers for inclusion were identified via a three‐tiered search strategy. Eligible articles involved healthy participants and compared nicotine ECs to non‐nicotine ECs or NRTs and reported frequency of AE as an outcome. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were conducted to compare the likelihood for each of the AEs between nicotine ECs, non‐nicotine placebo ECs and NRTs.Key FindingsA total of 3756 papers were identified, of which 18 were meta‐analysed (10 cross‐sectional and 8 randomised controlled trials). Meta‐analytic results found no significant difference in the rates of reported AEs (i.e., cough, oral irritation, nausea) between nicotine ECs and NRTs, and between nicotine and non‐nicotine placebo ECs.ImplicationsThe variation in the incidence of AEs likely does not explain user preferences of ECs to NRTs. Incidence of common AEs reported because of EC and NRT use did not differ significantly. Future work will need to quantify both the adverse and favourable effects of ECs to understand the experiential mechanisms that drive the high uptake of nicotine ECs relative to established NRTs.ConclusionsThere is inconclusive evidence on the incidence of AEs experience when using ECs compared to NRTs, possibly given the small sample size of studies.
Understanding health disparities affecting people of West Central African descent in the United States: An evolutionary perspective
Authors: Mawson Anthony R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHuman populations adapting to diverse aspects of their environment such as climate and pathogens leave signatures of genetic variation. This principle may apply to people of West Central African descent in the United States, who are at increased risk of certain chronic conditions and diseases compared to their European counterparts. Less well known is that they are also at reduced risk of other diseases. While discriminatory practices in the United States continue to affect access to and the quality of healthcare, the health disparities affecting African Americans may also be due in part to evolutionary adaptations to the original environment of sub‐Saharan Africa, which involved continuous exposure to the vectors of potentially lethal endemic tropical diseases. Evidence is presented that these organisms selectively absorb vitamin A from the host, and its use in parasite reproduction contributes to the signs and symptoms of the respective diseases. These evolutionary adaptations included (1) sequestering vitamin A away from the liver to other organs, to reduce accessibility to the invaders; and (2) reducing the metabolism and catabolism of vitamin A (vA), causing it to accumulate to subtoxic concentrations and weaken the organisms, thereby reducing the risk of severe disease. However, in the environment of North America, lacking vA‐absorbing parasites and with a mainly dairy‐based diet that is high in vA, this combination of factors is hypothesized to lead to the accumulation of vA and to increased sensitivity to vA as a toxin, which contribute to the health disparities affecting African Americans. vA toxicity is linked to numerous acute and chronic conditions via mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Subject to testing, the hypothesis suggests that the adoption of traditional or modified West Central African‐style diets that are low in vA and high in vA‐absorbing fiber hold promise for disease prevention and treatment, and as a population‐based strategy for health maintenance and longevity.
Sustained response of galcanezumab in migraine prevention: Patient‐level data from a post hoc analysis in patients with episodic or chronic migraine
Authors: Tepper Stewart J. , Dong Yan , Vincent Maurice , Wietecha Linda A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate, at population and individual patient levels, the sustained response of reduction in migraine headache days in patients with migraine treated with galcanezumab.MethodsThis was a post hoc analysis of double‐blind galcanezumab studies in patients with migraine: two 6‐month episodic migraine (EM; EVOLVE‐1/EVOLVE‐2), one 3‐month chronic migraine (CM; REGAIN), and one 3‐month treatment‐resistant migraine (CONQUER). Patients received monthly subcutaneous galcanezumab 120 mg (after 240 mg initial loading dose), galcanezumab 240 mg, or placebo. In the EM and CM studies, the proportions of patients with ≥50% and ≥75% (EM only) reduction from baseline in average monthly migraine headache days from Months 1 to 3 and Months 4 to 6 were evaluated. A mean monthly response rate was estimated. The sustained effect was defined as maintaining ≥50% response for ≥3 consecutive months in the patient‐level data for EM and CM.ResultsA total of 3348 patients with EM or CM from the EVOLVE‐1/EVOLVE‐2 (placebo, n = 894, galcanezumab, n = 879), REGAIN (placebo, n = 558, galcanezumab, n = 555), and CONQUER (EM: placebo, n = 132, galcanezumab, n = 137; CM: placebo, n = 98, galcanezumab, n = 95) studies were included. Patients were predominantly female, White, and had monthly migraine headache day averages ranging from 9.1 to 9.5 days (EM) and 18.1 to 19.6 days (CM). In patients with EM and CM, 19.0% and 22.6% of galcanezumab‐treated patients, respectively, had significantly higher maintenance of ≥50% response for all months in the double‐blind period compared to 8.0% and 1.5% of placebo‐treated patients. The odds ratios (OR) of achieving clinical response for EM and CM were double with galcanezumab (OR = 3.0 [95% CI 1.8, 4.8] and OR = 6.3 [95% CI 1.7, 22.7], respectively). At the individual patient level, of patients who had ≥75% response at Month 3 in the galcanezumab 120 and 240 mg dose groups and placebo group, 39.9% (55/138) and 43.0% (61/142), respectively, of galcanezumab‐treated patients maintained ≥75% response during Months 4–6 compared to 32.7% (51/156) with placebo.ConclusionMore galcanezumab‐treated patients achieved ≥50% response within the first 3 months of treatment compared to placebo; responses were sustained during Months 4–6. The odds of achieving ≥50% response were double with galcanezumab.
Friction and wear performances of Si3N4 ceramic matrix composites: A review from the perspectives of doped phase, layered structure design, and laser surface texturing
Authors: Wang Hong‐Jian , Lin Hua‐Tay , Zhou Fei , Chu Rang , Guo Kui‐Kui , Wu Hai‐Dong , Liu Ye 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSi3N4 ceramic matrix composites (SN‐CMCs) have been designed and widely used in many engineering fields under externally loading conditions. It is well known that the wear of materials is closely related to components’ mechanical reliability and service life. Understanding of the friction and wear performances is very important to provide insights into how to improve the wear resistance of materials. Coefficient of friction and wear rate, in general, are the most critical parameters of tribological behavior of materials. In this paper, friction and wear performances of SN‐CMCs are reviewed from the perspectives of doped phase, layered structure design, and laser surface texturing. The article describes the change of friction and wear performances of SN‐CMCs sintered with different additive phases. Tribological behavior of SN‐CMCs with engineering designed layered structure is also analyzed from the aspects of surface coating and gradient structure. In addition, friction and wear performances of SN‐CMCs under different lubrication conditions are also discussed. As an ideal processing method for hard and brittle ceramic materials, laser surface texturing has been proved to be an effective way to improve the wear resistance of SN‐CMCs. Researches have shown that the better wear resistance can be obtained by combining laser surface texture with layered structure. At the end of paper, studies on friction and wear performances of SN‐CMCs are summarized and prospected.
Microstructure evolution and performance of B4C–NdB6 composites fabricated by in situ hot pressing
Authors: Wang Shuai , Li Huaiqian , Xing Pengfei , Zhuang Yanxin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractB4C–NdB6 composites were fabricated by in situ hot pressing at different temperatures (1950–2150°C) with B4C and Nd2O3 (2–4 wt%) as raw materials. The microstructure evolution of the composites with sintering temperature and Nd2O3 content was studied in detail, and the influence of pressure on the sintering of B4C with different contents of Nd2O3 was also investigated. The performance of the fabricated composites was researched and the toughening mechanism was discussed. The results indicate that Nd2O3 can react with B4C to form the thin‐sheet intermediate products (Nd(BO2)3, Nd2CO5) first, which then transform to band‐shaped NdB6. Pressure can reduce the distance of B4C and Nd2O3, accelerating the mass transfer and contributing to the formation of NdB6. NdB6 and intermediate products are first in agglomerate structure at 1950°C, and then the agglomerates are broken to form dispersive micron and submicron NdB6 at 2000°C by the synergistic function of pressure, diffusion at high temperature, and liquid phase sintering. NdB6 can enhance the densification owing to the bonding function. Excessive Nd2O3 content leads to residual pores, and excessive temperature (2150°C) results in the coarsening of phases. The coexistence of transgranular and intergranular fracture of NdB6 promote the fracture toughness.
Effects of chia flour as a fat substitute on the physicochemical, nutritional and sensory properties of biscuits
Authors: Yalcin Seda , Atik İlker , Atik Azize 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThe objective of this study is to obtain reduced fat biscuits by using chia flour instead of vegetable fat and to investigate the effects of chia flour on the physicochemical, nutritional and sensory properties of biscuits. Fat was replaced by chia flour at the ratios of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Fat replacement caused a significant decrease in fat, while significant increases in ash, protein, carbohydrate, total dietary fibre, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, potassium, phenolic compounds, essential fatty acids (linoleic acid and linolenic acid) and hardness of biscuits were observed. Sensory quality was decreased with the increasing level of chia flour in biscuits. Biscuit containing 25% fat replacer was acceptable in terms of overall acceptance. This sample has 14.12% protein, 17.403% linoleic acid and 9.252% linolenic acid, while control has 10.51% protein, 13.068% linoleic acid and 7.751% linolenic acid. In addition, higher total dietary fibre, minerals and phenolic compounds were obtained. This study suggests that chia flour could be used in biscuit production to reduce fat and increase bioactive components of biscuits.
Job satisfaction among expatriate nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yasin Yasin M. , Khraim Fadi , Kehyayan Vahe 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between job resources, job satisfaction, and moderating effect of COVID‐19 anxiety and practice setting among expatriate acute care nurses in Qatar.BackgroundExpatriate nurses are more vulnerable to reduced job satisfaction. Increased COVID‐19 anxiety and reduced perceived job resources among acute care nurses impact their job satisfaction more than that of general ward nurses.MethodAn online survey was used to recruit 293 expatriate acute care nurses from four public hospitals in Qatar. Data were collected between June and October of 2021. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. We ensured to follow STROBE guidelines when doing this research.ResultsJob resources were a significant predictor of job satisfaction among expatriate acute care nurses (β = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.73–0.85, p < 0.001). There was no significant moderating effect of COVID‐19 anxiety (β = 0.055, 95% CI: −0.61 to 0.151, p = 0.329) or workplace setting on this relationship (χ2 = 0.077, df = 1, p = 0.781).DiscussionOur study found that the relationship between job resources and acute care nurses' job satisfaction is consistent across different workplace settings regardless of the level of COVID‐19 anxiety. This is in line with previous studies that have highlighted the importance of job resources in determining nurses' job satisfaction.ConclusionThe study emphasizes the need for sufficient job resources for improved job satisfaction among expatriate acute care nurses in Qatar, especially during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Implications for nursing policyNursing leaders must prioritize adequate resources such as staffing, proper training, and policies that increase nurse autonomy to improve job satisfaction and reduce the negative effects of dissatisfaction.
RETRACTED: The effect of the multiple arterial grafts compared with single arterial graft for coronary artery bypass grafting on sternal wound complications: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Xin , Fu Juan , Zhang Songlin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA meta‐analysis investigation was executed to measure the influence of multiple arterial grafts (MAGs) compared with single arterial graft (SAG) for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on sternal wound complications (SWCs). A comprehensive literature inspection till February 2023 was applied and 1048 interrelated investigations were reviewed. The seven chosen investigations enclosed 11 201 individuals with CABG in the chosen investigations' starting point, 4870 of them were using MAGs, and 6331 were using SAG. Odds ratio (OR) in addition to 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were utilised to compute the value of the effect of the MAGs compared with SAG for CABG on SWCs by the dichotomous approaches and a fixed or random model. MAGs had significantly higher SWC (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.10–1.73, P = .005) compared with those with SAG in CABG. MAGs had significantly higher SWC compared with those with SAG in CABG. However, care must be exercised when dealing with its values because of the low number of selected investigations for the meta‐analysis.
Association between salt sensitivity of blood pressure and the risk of hypertension in a Chinese Tibetan population
Authors: Zhou Erkai , Lei Ruoyi , Tian Xiaoyu , Liu Ce , Guo Jingzhe , Jin Limei , Jin Hua , Wang Shuxia , Cao Liangjia , Zhuoma Cao , Wang Jianzhong , Luo Bin , Hu Jihong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEpidemiological studies have confirmed salt sensitivity as a crucial risk factor for the development of hypertension. However, few studies have investigated the association between salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) and hypertension in Chinese Tibetan population. Therefore, we conducted a cross‐sectional study based on a Tibetan population to evaluate the association between SSBP and the risk of hypertension. Seven hundred and eighty‐four participants with hypertension and 645 participants without hypertension were included from five villages in Tibetan Autonomous Region of Gannan during 2013–2014. The assessment of salt sensitivity (SS) and non‐salt sensitivity (NSS) was performed according to mean arterial pressure (MAP) changes by the modified Sullivan's acute oral saline load and diuresis shrinkage test (MSAOSL‐DST). Logistic regression models and restricted cubic models were used to examine the association between SSBP and hypertension. There were 554 (70.5%) salt‐sensitive participants with hypertension and 412 (63.9%) salt‐sensitive participants without hypertension in this study. Compared with individuals with NSS, individuals with SS had a significantly increased risk of hypertension, and the multiple‐adjusted odds ratios were 2.582 with 95% confidence interval of 1.357–4.912. Furthermore, a significant linear trend was found between MAP changes and hypertension. Subgroup analyses showed significant and stronger associations between SSBP and the risk of hypertension in the older (age ≥ 55 years old), males and participants who took exercise less than 1 time per week. Our results suggest that SS is associated with an increased risk of hypertension in Tibetan population, indicating a need for clinicians dealing with SSBP to decrease the risk of hypertension.
Veneer tooth preparation utilizing a novel digital designed workflow: A case report
Authors: Figueira Johan , Guaqueta Nicolas , Ramirez Dra. Iveth , Kois John 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis article describes a technique to implement guided tooth preparation where the tooth is virtually prepared in the laboratory and preparation templates are created for chairside use.Clinical ConsiderationsPrior to any tooth preparation, patient records are acquired with an intra‐oral scanner, both stump and final shades are selected, and digital photos are taken. These digital records are used in combination with digital laboratory tools to do the virtual preparation first, and then to provide chairside templates for guided tooth preparation.ConclusionsThe traditional approach of tooth preparation has evolved from historically preparing a tooth without any pretreatment guidance to, more currently, preparing the tooth through a mock‐up of the desired final restoration. The outcome of these traditional approaches is highly dependent on the operator's skills to produce a successful outcome, and often resulted in more tooth structure removal than necessary. However, CAD/CAM technology now offers a guided tooth approach to tooth preparation which minimizes tooth structure removal and provides an advantage to the beginner dentist.Clinical SignificanceThis is a unique approach in digital restorative dentistry.
More–than–relationship quality: A feminist new materialist analysis of relationship quality and the potential of digital couple interventions
Authors: Gabb Jacqui , Aicken Catherine , Di Martino Salvatore , Witney Tom , Lucassen Mathijs 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLong‐established studies and scales have advanced understandings of family function, marital satisfaction, and couple relationship quality. The underpinning constructs nevertheless remain under‐conceptualized and largely removed from the heuristic of everyday life and the dynamic of contemporary coupledom. We propose that a paradigm shift is required to sufficiently engage with the digital worlds of 21st century intimacies. Ideas in feminist new materialism revitalize the epistemology and ontology of relationship science. This enables a new look at how relationship quality is manifest in and created through human–technology intra–actions. The research tools of feminist new materialism are, however, typically creative and intentionally exploratory. We demonstrate how using a practices approach, which focuses on everyday lived experience, facilitates investigation of multidimensional public–private worlds. We deploy this to build a feminist new materialist analysis of a digital couple intervention. Through this, we develop the concept ofmore–than–relationship quality.
An alternative to shareholder capitalism? A review of Alex Edmans' “Grow the Pie: How Great Companies Deliver Both Purpose and Profit”
Authors: Boustanifar Hamid 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlex Edmans' “Grow the Pie: How Great Companies Deliver Both Purpose and Profit” provides an alternative approach to business called Pieconomics. Profits to shareholders play a critical role in Pieconomics (similar as in shareholder capitalism), but the goal of an enterprise is to maximize the social value it creates (somewhat similar as in stakeholder capitalism). This review discusses and critically evaluates this thesis.
Nursing associates 6 years on: A review of the literature
Authors: Thurgate Claire , Griggs Chloe 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThis paper reviews the empirical research evidence relating to the nursing associate (NA) role since its implementation in England in 2017.BackgroundThe NA role arose from the findings of the Raising the Bar: Shape of Caring Review (Willis, 2015). The roles' aim is to bridge the gap between healthcare assistant and registered nurse as part of the nursing team, working with people of all ages in a variety of health and social care settings. NAs must successfully complete a trainee programme (usually a Foundation Degree) which, for many, has been completed as an apprentice while remaining in their place of work.MethodsA literature search was performed using the British Nursing Index and CINAHL Plus, along with Google Scholar. Exact key words were ‘Nursing Associates’ and papers were refined to primary research only. Data restrictions were applied from 2017 to the end of September 2022. Each paper was critically appraised to assess the robustness and validity of the search processes and then thematic analysis was undertaken using Braun and Clarke's (Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 2006 and 77) six stages of analysis.ResultsNineteen papers were identified; six key themes emerged: lack of support from others; career development; organisational readiness; resilience in the face of adversity; cost; and worker and learner identity.ConclusionThe NA role is allowing career progression for those who would have historically been prevented from accessing the nursing workforce because of entry qualifications and financial limitations. There is a need for organisational readiness to ensure trainee nursing associates (TNA) are supported during their training, that they have equal opportunities to learn, and they are given the status and recognition as a learner. Organisations need to raise awareness among staff to allow the nursing team to understand the NA role.Relevance to clinical practiceThis literature review has relevance for those who employ Nursing Associates or who are considering introducing the role.No patient or public consultationDue to being a literature review no patient or public consultation took place; however, local employers identified the need for a review of the literature pertaining to the Nursing Associate role.