bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How the Movies Got a Past
Authors: Latsis Dimitrios 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This book presents a comprehensive survey of the rise of historiographical discourse on cinema in North America as it is reflected in publications, exhibitions, lectures, and films about film as a technology, art, and form of amusement, from its inception up to 1930. This first historiography of American movies creates a typology of genres of historical knowledge and examines the role that its articulation played in legitimating the moving image as a form of cultural heritage and a field of study. How did early studios seek to understand and promote their own activities as part of a brand-new form of entertainment with its own traditions, founding fathers, and ambitions? How did early writers modulate between retrospection and analysis, between nostalgia and ballyhoo, between journalism and research into the fragments of the nascent film industry, and what were their motivations and influence on subsequent historians? What rhetorical and material platforms were deployed to talk about and show the history of cinema, and for what audiences were they meant? In teasing out answers to these and other questions, this book makes an argument for early cinema historiography as an emergent genre with its own conventions and goals instead of a primitive version of today’s historical writing on the movies.
Conclusion
Authors: Latsis Dimitrios 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The conclusion provides a summary and reflection on what the methodology of film historiography can gain from a reconsideration of early writings on the history of cinema, as well as the exhibitions, commemorative events, films, and publications that this book has analyzed. It also considers the recent material and archival turns in film historiography. It argues that despite the occasionally untrustworthy tenor of the accounts of participants in this history made in media res, despite the lack of agreement over an overarching driving force for the way cinema progressed, despite the fact-checking and the adoption of more rigorous methodologies by subsequent historians that led to the record established by their forebears being substantially revised, there is still great value in revisiting the discourse, assumptions, and motivations of those that sought to pin down the story of this medium as it was happening.
After Calvin
Authors: Scheuers Timothy R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The aim of this last chapter is to explain the place and purpose of academic oaths and formal subscription during a critical period of institutional development for the Genevan Academy. The chapter mines the official records of Geneva’s civic and ecclesiastical authorities in order to offer some plausible answers to the following questions: How did the Academy’s requirements for the matriculation oath and confessional subscription change between the years 1559 and 1612, and what do these changes reveal about the importance of these measures for attaining the pastors’ and civic leaders’ respective visions for reform? In what ways did the pragmatic concern for institutional viability eventually eclipse the need for hard confessional boundaries, including oath and subscription requirements established by the Academy’s founders? Relatedly, what do the following cases reveal about the significance of sworn oaths as binding agents upon the individual conscience?
What are Deprivation, Discrimination, Inequality, and Grievances?
Authors: Basedau Matthias , Fox, and Jonathan , Zellman Ariel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses our main independent variables: discrimination, deprivation, inequality (DDI), and grievances both in theory and in practice. We discuss how previous studies have theorized and measured these variables and discuss how we do so. We also provide full descriptive statistics for these variables over the time period of the study. We have examined multiple variables for each of these, including religious, political, and economic DDI, and grievance variables to match (religious, political, and economic). The tables provided in this chapter detail and examine the results of our data, and we tie these data back to our measurement scales for each type.
Conclusions
Authors: Basedau Matthias , Fox, and Jonathan , Zellman Ariel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the theoretical, empirical, and policy implications of our findings. We argue that our finding that grievances are a central element of the minority-based conflict process is our most important finding precisely because many in the literature argue otherwise but do so based on evidence inferior to the evidence presented in our book. Nevertheless, the conflict process is complex and involves a wide range of other factors including the government’s and minorities’ capacity and willingness to accommodate grievances, resources, political access, minority size, and regime. Another important finding is that while religion brings unique elements to conflicts, religious minorities’ conflict behavior is much like that commonly theorized for other types of minorities. All of this indicates that policymakers would be well advised to pay attention to grievances by minorities and to seek to accommodate them.
Thieves, Opportunists, and Autocrats
Authors: Duvanova Dinissa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This book examines how Russia and Kazakhstan navigated the dilemmas associated with building regulatory state institutions on the ruins of the Soviet command and control system. The two nations developed predatory and wasteful crony capitalism but still improved their business climates and economic performance. To better understand these seemingly incompatible outcomes, the book advances a theory of authoritarian regulatory statehood. It argues that politicians use institutions of the state as a means to balance conflicting elite demands for economic rents and popular demands for public goods and economic growth. An effective balancing of the two prevents elite subversion and popular revolt in the short run and ensures elitesâ€™ continued access to economic rents in the long run. Empirical analysis of nearly a million national and regional regulatory documents enacted in Russia and Kazakhstan between 1990 and 2020 shows that formal regulatory institutions the autocrats built have a profound effect on economic outcomes. Moreover, at times of political vulnerability, autocracies use formal regulatory mechanisms to discipline state agencies responsible for policy implementation. By reducing capricious policy implementation by the regulatory bureaucracy, autocrats are able to reinvigorate economic performance and rebalance elite and popular interests. The theoretical argument advanced in the book links the use of institutional instruments of policy implementation to the political survival strategy. This study effectively shows that regulatory state building has emerged as an effective tool for strengthening autocratic regimes and enhancing their long-term survival.
Beyond Reason
Authors: Hitlin Steven , Andersson Matthew A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter defines dignity as a public health issue in terms of mattering and relating to others. By emphasizing how social chaos unravels social relationships, it shows how care acts as a motivation that maintains and sustains dignity. Dignity rests in the creative and emotional nature of social interaction. Despite idealistic arguments about dignity as moral calculation, rationality without emotion is not rationality at all. Moreover, because social interactions are transactional—individuals are constituted by and through social interaction—people become ends or reasons for themselves and for others, and morality orients around people and their moments rather than principles and their abstractions. Following modern neuroscience and philosophical discussions of care or mattering, dignity arguably is oriented around people and the moralities that they, in turn, orient.
The case of substitutions in adult aphasia and in typical acquisition of French
Authors: Prince Typhanie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe starting point of this chapter is Jakobson’s proposal (1968) that a parallel can be drawn between the phonological system in acquisition and aphasia. We discuss the evidence that the observation of this parallel between acquisition and speech pathology can help achieve a new definition of complexity for the architecture of the French phonological system. We explore substitution errors for place of articulations deployed by French children and adult participants with aphasia. To explain these phenomena, we argue that Element Theory can provide a direct measure of complexity and markedness. We investigate how data can furnish new points of view on Element Theory. Then we explore and evaluate this theoretical framework. We conclude that substitutions result from adjustments and parameter-setting in the underlying structure of language.
Introduction
Authors: Landy Francis 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The book begins with the question of the book in antiquity. Contrary to some recent scholars, I argue that there was a concept of a book in antiquity, and that Isaiah is the product of a deliberate compositional process over several centuries. However, no book is complete; Isaiah in particular is fractured by the catastrophe, the black hole, in its midst. Similarly, I argue that it is the work of individual poets, whom I situate in their historical context; poets are distinguished by their rhythm, their voice, their capacity to surprise. Prophetic poets work in ‘alternate states of consciousness’ and are analogous to shamans. I discuss the interdependence of orality and writing, and the consequences of literacy. I conclude with a prospectus of the book, and my thesis that Deutero-Isaiah is a mirror image of Proto-Isaiah.
Depression and the Oracles About the Nations
Authors: Landy Francis 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Between ch. 13 and ch. 23 of Isaiah there is a series of ‘burdens’, or oracles, about foreign nations, all of whom will be subject to destruction and, in some cases, restoration. This chapter argues that the generic title ‘burden’ is a metaphor for the experience of depression accompanying prophecy. The Oracles about the Nations are remarkable for the prophet’s grief over their fate. The chapter borrows the term ‘experimental psychosis’ from Julia Kristeva to refer to the extraordinary, often onomatopoeic, alliterations which traverse the oracles, and which she sees as signs of psychic as well as linguistic breakdown. At the centre of the series there is a brief anecdote about the prophet who is commanded to walk naked and barefoot in token of the exile of Egypt and Ethiopia, a figure of utter marginality. The chapter concludes with the final oracle about Tyre, the maritime empire complementing the terrestrial one of Babylon.
Childhood and Family Tradition
Authors: Israel Jonathan I. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides an account of Spinoza’s parents, Michael d’Espinoza and Hannah Deborah d’Espinoza, and four siblings, the religious practices surrounding his childhood, his father’s position in the Amsterdam Sephardic community and the remarkable history of his mother’s parents and grandparents in Holland and at Antwerp. Spinoza’s relationship to his relatives Duarte Fernandes, Henrique Garces, and Uriel da Costa, is explained and the remarkable features of their lives noted. Also included in this chapter is an account of Sephardic synagogue affairs in Amsterdam as Spinoza was growing up and of its communal institutions.
Rise of a Recreational Drug
Authors: Passie Torsten 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the early, rather unknown, phase of MDMA as a recreational drug. MDMA was first detected by scientists in a forensic laboratory in 1970, and then a few more times up until 1976. A previously unknown document of the United States DEA has been used to describe these early detections. The evidence shows that up until 1976, the distribution of MDMA was rather limited and MDMA was initially produced as a ‘legal alternative for MDA’, which had been scheduled in 1970. Mention is made of a 1970 science fiction novel by the prominent writer Stanislav Lem, which seemed to describe the effects of MDMA, as well as of new documentation suggesting that the American drug chemist Alexander Shulgin had synthesized MDMA in 1975. A description of the American drug guru Timothy Leary’s first experiences with MDMA in 1978 is also given. There were two ‘hotspots’ for MDMA use during the 1970s: initially in the Midwest, and from 1976 onwards in Oregon and California.
Early Use in Psychotherapy
Authors: Passie Torsten 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
From 1977, MDMA was used in psychotherapy by a handful of psychiatrists and psychotherapists. They found it to be an ideal aid to psychotherapy as it does not affect ego-functions to the same extent as other psychedelic drugs. Its main effect seemed to be suppression of the fear response, allowing patients the opportunity to observe and reprocess painful memories. Another application was found in couple therapy, as it enables couples to communicate without their usual anxiety-driven limitations. At first, the therapists were eager to keep the substance secret, being afraid it might, as a psychotherapeutic drug, end up having the same fate as LSD. However, their research into its psychotherapeutic utility was broad-based and covered a few hundred patients, apparently with some success. The chapter describes the initial history of the therapeutic use of MDMA, and the people and organizations involved with it. To illustrate its early therapeutic use, five therapists and their work are described in more detail. When the therapists became aware that MDMA might be scheduled, they organized a small conference on its therapeutic use and a psychophysiological study to show its physiological safety. A description of the fate of the research protocols submitted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) after its scheduling completes the picture.
The Scheduling
Authors: Passie Torsten 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
After becoming aware of its broader distribution, the DEA announced the possible scheduling of MDMA in 1984. Physicians using MDMA for therapy demanded hearings with respect to the proposed scheduling of MDMA. The DEA was astonished to hear about the therapeutic use of MDMA but nonetheless insisted that it represented a danger to public health and had to be scheduled. Hearings were held in three major cities in the United States in front of a DEA administrative law judge who studied the case and heard witnesses from the DEA and the physicians opposing the scheduling with regard to the five standard questions about the safety and medical use of MDMA, its abuse potential, and possible neurotoxicity. After collecting evidence on the five issues, the DEA judge concluded that MDMA should not be placed into Schedule I, but into Schedule III instead. Nevertheless, the DEA overruled the decision of its own judge and placed MDMA permanently into Schedule I in 1986. In advance of the hearings, the DEA had announced the ‘emergency scheduling’ of MDMA and (successfully) initiated an international scheduling by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, the WHO recommended allowing researchers to study ‘this interesting substance’.
Pioneers and Studies
Authors: Passie Torsten 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the range of activities that took place with regard to MDMA over a period of around 15 years (around 1986–2000). It starts with the first scientific conference on MDMA in 1986 and the founding of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS), then considers the first books on MDMA, a NIDA study on different groups using MDMA, the first research studies in humans in the early 1990s, approaches to harm reduction for recreational use, human studies on patterns of recreational use, and the first treatment study in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The story of the long struggle to gain approval for the first placebo-controlled therapeutic MDMA study in the United States is also described, as is the history of the more significant MDMA research in humans during the period of 1990 to 2000.
Looking Back and Looking Forward
Authors: Hachhethu Krishna 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Nepal in the post 2015 Constitution time largely remains the same. Change appears in the superstructure of the state since the new Charter adopts the principles of republic, secularity, federalism, and inclusive democracy. But these principles are structured and implemented on a non-territorial and non-ethnic basis, indeed in diluted form, to safeguard the dominant position of the Khas Aryas. So, the overriding aim of the state restructuring project— to bring an end to the unequal distribution of power among the different ethnic groups of Nepal—is not yet accomplished. The history of nation-building in Nepal in line with the nation-state model has a message that it eventually produces a seed for ethnic conflict. In contrast, the state-nation model suits best a country of ethnic diversity. In this regard, it is noteworthy that the Janajati organizations and the Madheshi parties have continued to flag their agendas: identity, social inclusion, collective rights, and identity-based federalism.
Running with Feeling
Authors: Gilbert Nora 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
By mid-eighteenth century, the genre that most saturated the British literary marketplace was that of sentimental fiction. Many of the novels most associated with this genre today are ones that feature a gender-bending (because sensitive and tender-hearted) male protagonist—the “man of feeling,” as one such novel’s title dubbed him. But there are also many constituents of the genre whose plots revolve around female protagonists challenging gender norms in a different way: i.e., in their readiness and willingness to take to flight. This chapter begins with a reading of Samuel Richardson’s touchstone sentimental novel Clarissa (1747–48), then turns to a constellation of novels composed by women writers (Sarah Fielding, Charlotte Lennox, and Sarah Scott) in Clarissa’s wake, each of which works similarly hard to shield and defend its runaway female protagonist from the charges of indecency and impudence that were so often leveled at her amatory-fiction predecessors.
Lilith on the Moors, Lilith on the Floss, Lilith on the Heath
Authors: Gilbert Nora 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter moves from the urban cityscapes of London and Manchester in Dickens, Gaskell, and Thackeray to the remote hamlets and country parishes of the Brontës, Eliot, and Hardy. What is new, in the “provincial fiction” genre, is the accentuated role that geographic place plays in the unfolding drama of the heroine’s desire to flee. From the windswept moorlands of the Brontës’ Jane Eyre (1847), Wuthering Heights (1847), and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848) to the stark heathlands of Thomas Hardy’s The Return of the Native (1878) to the river that runs through George Eliot’s Mill on the Floss (1860), remote English landscapes of Victorian provincial novels reflect and sometimes contribute to the inner turmoil of their strong-willed runaway heroines.
How Reasons Determine Moral Requirements
Authors: Schmidt Thomas 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Cases of heroic supererogation have been taken to suggest that non-moral reasons are morally relevant. While non-moral reasons are unable to make actions morally required, they can prevent moral reasons from doing so. This chapter argues that non-moral reasons are morally relevant in yet another way, since they can also play an essential role in making it the case that an action is morally required. Even though non-moral reasons are not able themselves to make actions morally required, they can prevent reasons that otherwise would prevent moral reasons from making actions morally required from doing so. The chapter elaborates and defends this view, and shows how it can be made the basis of an explanation of moral requirements in terms of reasons that is to be preferred over rival accounts.
What is Structural Rationality?
Authors: Lee Wooram 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The normativity of so-called ‘coherence’ or ‘structural’ requirements of rationality has been hotly debated in recent years. However, relatively little has been said about the nature of structural rationality, or what makes a set of attitudes structurally irrational, if structural rationality is not ultimately a matter of responding correctly to reasons. This paper develops a novel account of incoherence (or structural irrationality), critically examining Alex Worsnip’s recent account. It first argues that Worsnip’s account both over-generates and under-generates incoherent patterns of attitudes, and then proposes an alternative that both avoids these problems and captures a crucial insight behind Worsnip’s account. According to this account, a set of attitudes is incoherent just in case having all of the attitudes in that set is incompatible with reacting to a question in a way that one is, in virtue of having the attitudes, committed to.
Novel Scalp Flap Elevation With Balloon Trocar Dissection Device
Authors: Ozkan Burak , Savran Suleyman , Uysal Cagri A. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Balloon trocar devices have been utilized in several surgical cases to reach a difficult-to-access location, achieve hemostasis, and obtain safe, efficient surgery.

Objective:
Highlight the balloon trocar dissection device in a novel technique of scalp flap elevation for tissue expander placement.

Methods:
The pocket for the tissue expander was determined at the scalp. A 2 cm vertical incision was made. A 12 mm balloon trocar is then introduced and insufflated. Through the trocar, endoscopic light is then inserted. Scalp flap elevation was performed with the device. The exact location of the pocket was seen with the lumination of endoscopic light.

Results:
The balloon trocar dissection device provides easy scalp flap elevation and bleeding control. With the help of endoscopic light, the pocket for the expander was created precisely.

Conclusion:
The balloon trocar device is simple, effective, low-cost equipment for tissue expander placement in the scalp.
Xrn1 biochemically associates to the eisosome after the post diauxic shift in yeast
Authors: Courtin Baptiste , Namane Abdelkader , Gomard Maïté , Meyer Laura , Jacquier Alain , Fromont-Racine Micheline 
Published: July 2023

AbstractmRNA degradation is one of the main steps of gene expression, and a key player is the 5’-3’ exonuclease Xrn1. InSaccharomyces cerevisiae, it was previously shown, by a microscopy approach, that Xrn1 is located to different cellular compartments, depending on physiological state. During exponential growth, Xrn1 is distributed in the cytoplasm, while it is present in the eisosomes after the post-diauxic shift (PDS). Here, we biochemically characterized the Xrn1-associated complexes in different cellular states. We demonstrate that, after PDS, Xrn1 but not the decapping (DCP), nor Lsm1-7/Pat1 complexes, was sequestered in the eisosomes, thus preserving mRNAs from degradation.