bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of genotoxic effects of wastewater of Kitchener pool, Nile Delta Region, North Egypt, using Allium test
Authors: El-Kholy Aziza S. , Haroun Soliman A. , Labeeb May 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
In the present study, Allium test bioassay was utilized to evaluate the effects of mixed wastewater of agricultural and sewage effluents at Kitchener pool, Gharbia governate, Middle Delta region, North Egypt. Germination indices, mitotic index and aberrations, α, β-esterase isozymes and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) fingerprinting were tested by different concentrations of the wastewater (tap water as control, 25%, 50% and 100% wastewater).

Results
Water analysis recorded high levels of electrical conductivity, cations and anions compared to control, but were in the permitted limits according to FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization) except Mg2+ and K1+ were above the limits. P, N and heavy metals as Pb, Mn and Ni were also higher than the control. Germination indices showed reduction for all parameters studied (root and shoot lengths, root and shoot fresh and dry weights, and tolerance index). Mitotic index decreased, and the percentage of mitotic aberrations increased as the concentration of treatments increased and the time prolonged. Different types of aberrations were recorded in all treatments and its percentage is time and dose independent. Goat cells are the most common type recorded after different times in all treatments. The expression of α, β-esterase enzymes showed variation in different treatments compared to control and ISSR profiles showed considerable polymorphism. Concentration of 25% mixed water induced different profiles for expression of both α- and β-esterase from other treatments, and the cluster analysis based on polymorphism in ISSR fingerprinting revealed the distinction of plants treated with this concentration and the control plants from those treated with high concentrations.

Conclusion
It was suggested that concentration of 25% mixed water may be suitable for growth and act as fertilizer. Mixed water from this pool may be genotoxic for Allium cepa plants at early growth if it is used for irrigation in its present form and usage of this wastewater for agricultural purposes may be harmful and must be partially treated and biologically tested before use.
Estrogen Receptor Status by Immunohistochemistry Is Superior to the Ligand-Binding Assay for Predicting Response to Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Harvey Jennet M. , Clark Gary M. , Osborne C. Kent , Allred D. Craig 
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a newer technique for assessing the estrogen receptor (ER) status of breast cancers, with the potential to overcome many of the shortcomings associated with the traditional ligand-binding assay (LBA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of ER status determination by IHC, compared with LBA, to predict clinical outcome—especially response to adjuvant endocrine therapy—in a large number of patients with long-term clinical follow-up. PATIENTS AND METHODS ER status was evaluated in 1,982 primary breast cancers by IHC on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections, using antibody 6F11 and standard methodology. Slides were scored on a scale representing the estimated proportion and intensity of positive-staining tumor cells (range, 0 to 8). Results were compared with ER values obtained by the LBA in the same tumors and to clinical outcome. RESULTS An IHC score of greater than 2 (corresponding to as few as 1% to 10% weakly positive cells) was used to define ER positivity on the basis of a univariate cut-point analysis of all possible scores and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients receiving any adjuvant endocrine therapy. Using this definition, 71% of all tumors were determined to be ER-positive by IHC, and the level of agreement with the LBA was 86%. In multivariate analyses of patients receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy alone, ER status determined by IHC was better than that determined by the LBA at predicting improved DFS (hazard ratios/ P = 0.474/.0008 and 0.707/.3214, respectively) and equivalent at predicting overall survival (0.379/.0001 and 0.381/.0003, respectively). CONCLUSION IHC is superior to the LBA for assessing ER status in primary breast cancer because it is easier, safer, and less expensive, and has an equivalent or better ability to predict response to adjuvant endocrine therapy.
Berberine Ameliorates Obesity by Inducing GDF15 Secretion by Brown Adipocytes
Authors: Li Chang , Leng Qingyang , Li Lihua , Hu Fan , Xu Yuejie , Gong Sa , Yang Ying , Zhang Hongli , Li Xiaohua 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Berberine (BBR), which is a compound derived from the Chinese medicinal plant Coptis chinensis, promotes weight loss, but the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we show that BBR increases the serum level of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), which is a stress response cytokine that can reduce food intake and lower body weight in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. The body weight and food intake of DIO mice were decreased after BBR treatment, and the weight change was negatively correlated with the serum GDF15 level. Further studies show that BBR induced GDF15 mRNA expression and secretion in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) of DIO mice and primary mouse brown adipocytes. In addition, we found that BBR upregulates GDF15 mRNA expression and secretion by activating the integrated stress response (ISR) in primary mouse brown adipocytes. Overall, our findings show that BBR lowers body weight by inducing GDF15 secretion via the activation of the ISR in BAT.
Bartter Syndrome Type 1 Due to Novel SLC12A1 Mutations Associated With Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type II
Authors: Kiuchi Zentaro , Nozu Kandai , Yan Kunimasa , Jüppner Harald 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Bartter syndrome type 1 is caused by mutations in the solute carrier family 12 member 1 (SLC12A1), encoding the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter-2 (NKCC2). In addition to causing renal salt-losing tubulopathy, SLC12A1 mutations are known to cause nephrocalcinosis due to hypercalciuria, as well as failure to thrive associated with abnormal calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. We report a now 7-year-old Japanese girl with polyuria, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis, in whom compound heterozygous novel SLC12A1 mutations were identified. Elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were consistently noted after the age of 1 year in conjunction with gradually declining serum calcium and increasing serum phosphorus levels. To confirm suspected PTH-resistance, Ellsworth Howard tests were performed at the ages of 6 years 8 months and 6 years 10 months in the absence or presence of ibuprofen, respectively. Urinary adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate excretion increased on both occasions in response to PTH(1-34) infusion suggesting pseudohypoparathyroidism type II. However, only during treatment with ibuprofen did PTH induce an almost normal phosphaturic response. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs thus enhanced growth velocity, alleviated hypercalciuria, and increased PTH-stimulated urinary phosphorus excretion without significantly affecting renal function.
Orphanhood and Child Development: Evidence From India
Authors: Garcia-Brazales Javier 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article provides the first systematic study of the short- and long-run effects of parental death on the cognitive, noncognitive (locus of control), and physical development of Indian children. Exploiting rich longitudinal data over 15 years, I use difference-in-differences with individual fixed effects to account for time-invariant unobserved heterogeneity between orphans and non-orphans and investigate the mechanisms. This method is an improvement over previous cross-sectional approaches to such explorations. I find that paternal death is negatively correlated with orphans' cognition but is not correlated with locus of control or physical health. Cognitive effects are mediated by a 10-percentage-point-lower probability of enrollment and a 20% decline in monetary investments in the child, eventually leading to one less year of schooling by age 22. These negative outcomes are concentrated among the least wealthy families, who respond to the shock by reducing consumption and increasing their labor supply.
Canonical Wnt signaling regulates soft palate development by mediating ciliary homeostasis
Authors: Janečková Eva , Feng Jifan , Guo Tingwei , Han Xia , Ghobadi Aileen , Araujo-Villalba Angelita , Rahman Md Shaifur , Ziaei Heliya , Ho Thach-Vu , Pareek Siddhika , Alvarez Jasmine , Chai Yang 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Craniofacial morphogenesis requires complex interactions involving different tissues, signaling pathways, secreted factors and organelles. The details of these interactions remain elusive. In this study, we have analyzed the molecular mechanisms and homeostatic cellular activities governing soft palate development to improve regenerative strategies for individuals with cleft palate. We have identified canonical Wnt signaling as a key signaling pathway primarily active in cranial neural crest (CNC)-derived mesenchymal cells surrounding soft palatal myogenic cells. Using Osr2-Cre;β-cateninfl/fl mice, we show that Wnt signaling is indispensable for mesenchymal cell proliferation and subsequently for myogenesis through mediating ciliogenesis. Specifically, we have identified that Wnt signaling directly regulates expression of the ciliary gene Ttll3. Impaired ciliary disassembly leads to differentiation defects in mesenchymal cells and indirectly disrupts myogenesis through decreased expression of Dlk1, a mesenchymal cell-derived pro-myogenesis factor. Moreover, we show that siRNA-mediated reduction of Ttll3 expression partly rescues mesenchymal cell proliferation and myogenesis in the palatal explant cultures from Osr2-Cre;β-cateninfl/fl embryos. This study highlights the role of Wnt signaling in palatogenesis through the control of ciliary homeostasis, which establishes a new mechanism for Wnt-regulated craniofacial morphogenesis.
16p11.2 deletion accelerates subpallial maturation and increases variability in human iPSC-derived ventral telencephalic organoids
Authors: Fetit Rana , Barbato Michela Ilaria , Theil Thomas , Pratt Thomas , Price David J. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTInhibitory interneurons regulate cortical circuit activity, and their dysfunction has been implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). 16p11.2 microdeletions are genetically linked to 1% of ASD cases. However, few studies investigate the effects of this microdeletion on interneuron development. Using ventral telencephalic organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, we have investigated the effect of this microdeletion on organoid size, progenitor proliferation and organisation into neural rosettes, ganglionic eminence marker expression at early developmental timepoints, and expression of the neuronal marker NEUN at later stages. At early stages, deletion organoids exhibited greater variations in size with concomitant increases in relative neural rosette area and the expression of the ventral telencephalic marker COUPTFII, with increased variability in these properties. Cell cycle analysis revealed an increase in total cell cycle length caused primarily by an elongated G1 phase, the duration of which also varied more than normal. At later stages, deletion organoids increased their NEUN expression. We propose that 16p11.2 microdeletions increase developmental variability and may contribute to ASD aetiology by lengthening the cell cycle of ventral progenitors, promoting premature differentiation into interneurons.
The dynamin-related protein Vps1 and the peroxisomal membrane protein Pex27 function together during peroxisome fission
Authors: Ekal Lakhan , Alqahtani Abdulaziz M. S. , Hettema Ewald H. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Dynamin-related proteins (Drps) mediate a variety of membrane remodelling processes. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Drp, Vps1, is required for endocytosis, endosomal sorting, vacuole fusion, and peroxisome fission and breakdown. How Drps, and in particular Vps1, can function at so many different subcellular locations is of interest to our understanding of cellular organisation. We found that the peroxisomal membrane protein Pex27 is specifically required for Vps1-dependent peroxisome fission in proliferating cells but is not required for Dnm1-dependent peroxisome fission. Pex27 accumulates in constricted regions of peroxisomes and affects peroxisome geometry upon overexpression. Moreover, Pex27 physically interacts with Vps1 in vivo and is required for the accumulation of a GTPase-defective Vps1 mutant (K42A) on peroxisomes. During nitrogen starvation, a condition that halts cell division and induces peroxisome breakdown, Vps1 associates with the pexophagophore. Pex27 is neither required for Vps1 recruitment to the pexophagophore nor for pexophagy. Our study identifies Pex27 as a Vps1-specific partner for the maintenance of peroxisome number in proliferating yeast cells.
Ubiquitin and its relatives as wizards of the endolysosomal system
Authors: Berlin Ilana , Sapmaz Aysegul , Stévenin Virginie , Neefjes Jacques 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
The endolysosomal system comprises a dynamic constellation of vesicles working together to sense and interpret environmental cues and facilitate homeostasis. Integrating extracellular information with the internal affairs of the cell requires endosomes and lysosomes to be proficient in decision-making: fusion or fission; recycling or degradation; fast transport or contacts with other organelles. To effectively discriminate between these options, the endolysosomal system employs complex regulatory strategies that crucially rely on reversible post-translational modifications (PTMs) with ubiquitin (Ub) and ubiquitin-like (Ubl) proteins. The cycle of conjugation, recognition and removal of different Ub- and Ubl-modified states informs cellular protein stability and behavior at spatial and temporal resolution and is thus well suited to finetune macromolecular complex assembly and function on endolysosomal membranes. Here, we discuss how ubiquitylation (also known as ubiquitination) and its biochemical relatives orchestrate endocytic traffic and designate cargo fate, influence membrane identity transitions and support formation of membrane contact sites (MCSs). Finally, we explore the opportunistic hijacking of Ub and Ubl modification cascades by intracellular bacteria that remodel host trafficking pathways to invade and prosper inside cells.
TECHNOLOGY ENHANCED LEARNING (TEL): STUDENT TAILORED PRACTICES IN ELEARNING
Authors: Kraft Luiza , Romero Margarida , Usart Mireia , Chiseganegrila Anamaria 
Published: February 2023

Today eLearning means more than learning content and courseware, and it goes far beyond the Learning Management Systems (LMS), Personal Learning Environment (PLE), administration tools and authoring tools for building courses.
Addressing both
•	the lack of face-to-face interaction and
•	the lack of sophistication in terms of Computer-Based Assessment, along with
•	the challenge of developing engaging and stimulating on-line lessons
for students who shifted from a paper-based culture with handwriting, highlighting, post-it and gap-filling to a screen-based culture, with e-mails, blogging, gaming and webcams, streaming and googling are but a few of the solutions that would tailor eLearning for the 21st century skills and curriculum.
Institutions have already challenged themselves unto meeting the new millennial students’ needs by providing courses which foster not only life and career skills, but also learning and innovation ones, in corporate training and formal education environments alike, focused on professional development and encompassed by clear standards, as well as assessment and curriculum issues.
The present paper will showcase the actions taken with respect to all these aspects, both in Romania, by a team within “Carol I” National Defense University, and in Spain, by a team from ESADE University. The first team will lay stress on the foreign language education-related organizational and pedagogical changes meant to support blended and eLearning strategies and management, whereas the second one will refer to management and law education; the main objective of the paper is to share the lessons learned, by highlighting both commonalities in terms of educational and methodological approach, and differences in terms of cultural response and attitudes of those benefiting from the eLearning type of education, irrespective of the way the latter is delivered – be it on-line or blended.
THE RESOURCES AND THE EFFICIENT USE OF THE CAD-CAM SOFTWARE IN THE TRAINING OF STUDENTS
Authors: Cioara Lucica 
Published: February 2023

Software CAD / CAM is professional software for design of woven fabrics and for manufacturing technology
Using these systems is efficient if the designers have solid knowledge of the technology and the fabrics structure. In the training of students, CAD CAM system for weaving can be used with successfully as an educational software, if is using all the functions of the program.
In this paper we present the resources it has CAD CAM software Arah Weave,
in the above presented sense.
It is relatively easy to construct a fabric. The whole art is to combinate these elements:
-	weave (the way the yarns interlace);
-	warp and weft pattern;
-	yarns count and your structure;
-	warp density and weft density.
Still, sometimes we will be surprised by what a simple interplay of these factors will produce, in the fabric structure and appearance.
To play with these settings, without constrains and with minimale expenses, is the very reason why we should use the Arah Weave software in the instruction processe of the students.
Another advantage of using such program is the simulation of the fabric.
The simulation mode, shows the fabric in real density with respect to finished fabric
Arah Weave programm has a database which stores information for the preparation of the students. All this data are stored in the subdirectories, like following :
-fabrics directory-contains all information relevant to 550 fabrics: colors, yarns,weave, density and other technical details;
- yarns - contains yarn colors, count, twist, structure;
- weaves - contains12000 of weaves;
-img- contains images for jacquard conversion or for overprint simulation, model images for usage with Arah Drape, fabric simulation for usage in Arah Drape.
This information is used by students as a model and an inspiration source.
NEW TRENDS FOR DEVELOPING BLENDED LEARNING COURSES
Authors: Neacsu Mihaela gabriela , Adascalitei Adrian 
Published: February 2023

The paper presents the conclusions of a qualitative study regarding the efficiency of new design/development models of pedagogical resurses very useful in blended learning. The purpose of the present study is the capitalization of the new blended educational directions used in designing/accomplishing/implementing modern courses used pedagogical methods, recent software products, new perspectives in the process of blended learning/education. The methodology is a qualitative one. The experts participating in the focus group introduce us to new insights with a view to blended learning, emphasizing the advantages of using the blended education in learning environments that allow the adults either on-line or face-to-face communication in oder to create and present their own content and evidence of learning through performance-based evaluations.
The specific objects of this study are:
o	the analysis of the latest tendencies regarding the design and development of the adults' blended learning courses;
o	the analysis of the complex role of the teacher in adult blended learning and of the mentorship relation with the beneficiaries of the course;
o	the analysis of the benefits of the blended learning strategies including the evaluation of the acquired competences using blended learning strategies;
o	outcomes of nowadays adult blended learning best practices in Romania.
The conclusions of the present study points out the efficiency of blended learning models designed for stimulating the adults' cognitive procecess in order to allow the capitalization of the educational differentiated and personalised content and to ensure a flexible structure of the learning steps, an instantaneous measurement of the students' progress in acquiring competences and last but not least, an increased involvement of the adults in their own learning process.
ONLINE COURSE CUSTOMIZATION USING ONTOLOGIES
Authors: Lupse Oana sorina , Crisanvida Mihaela , Stoicu tivadar Lacramioara 
Published: February 2023

Currently, more and more people prefer to acquire new knowledge based on online resources. This gives the liberty for individuals to choose a particular course focused on what they really want to learn. The work in the current paper supports this kind of independent persons guiding them in selection of the most suitable course: verifying if they have enough knowledge for the course and suggesting courses to better match the knowledge they want to gain. Using ontologies we create links between people abilities (level and type of previous education, general knowledge, etc.), and each course content. , The application presented in this paper suggests, based on an individual‘s selection and on the results to an initial test, the modules needed to reach the expected knowledge. More, the application suggests an alternative path to gain basic abilities for what the user wants to learn. The initial test contains questions about the elementary knowledge for the selected course. The ontology application and the links between users, courses and initial test are developed in Protégé, an open source ontology project, and the application for the courses are developed using ASP.NET pages, C# language and Azure SQL database, and Microsoft Azure cloud. The ontology links all users and courses data, and supports users to understand the new information according to their previous knowledge. The benefits of the application consist in supporting individuals to select the best course for a given situation and understand better the new information according to their basic knowledge.