bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patency of separate tube grafts for intercostal artery reconstruction: Size and length matter
Authors: Shiiya Norihiko , Washiyama Naoki , Takahashi Daisuke , Tsuda Kazumasa , Ohashi Yuko , Natsume Kayoko , Hirano Masahiro , Takeuchi Yuki 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Low patency is a major concern when using separate tube grafts for intercostal artery reconstruction. Our goal was to elucidate the optimal size and length of grafts from their patency and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD).

METHODS
The patency, size and length of separate tube grafts were evaluated in 41 patients. Simulation of CFD was performed in a model derived from a patient with a patent 12-mm graft that was 15 mm long, with 2 simulation models with a smaller (8-mm) or longer (30-mm) graft.

RESULTS
A total of 49 grafts were used for intercostal artery reconstruction. There was 1 in-hospital death and 2 spinal cord injuries. The patency rate, which could be evaluated in 46 grafts, was 63% (29/46). It was 71% (24/34) in thoracoabdominal aortic replacement and 42% (5/12) in descending aortic replacement. Among 14 patients in whom all grafts were occluded, no patients developed spinal cord injury. All grafts longer than 25 mm were occluded (n = 5). Eight- and 10-mm grafts showed better patency than 12-mm grafts in thoracoabdominal aortic replacement (P = 0.008) when grafts were shorter than 25 mm. Simulation of CFD revealed vortical flow within the 12-mm graft, which did not reach the intercostal orifice, whereas helical flow was maintained throughout the cardiac cycle within the 8-mm graft.

CONCLUSIONS
Eight- and 10-mm grafts seemed better than 12-mm grafts, and grafts should be kept shorter than 25 mm. Simulation of CFD may shed light on the issue of the optimal intercostal artery reconstruction technique.
Greening Family Medicine clinic operations and clinical care, where do we start? A scoping review of toolkits and aids
Authors: Wicklum Sonja C , Nuique Kate , Kelly Martina A , Nesbitt Colleen C , Zhang Jessica J , Svrcek Clark P 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
There is a pressing need for healthcare to respond to the climate crisis. Family physicians, given their central role in community healthcare provision, are strategically placed to lead, support, and promote sustainable healthcare, yet guidance on how to do this is fragmented.

Objective
To identify and evaluate toolkits and aids on sustainable healthcare to act as a curated resource for family physicians and their care teams interested in delivering evidence-based sustainable healthcare in their clinical practices.

Methods
A scoping review was completed of the published and grey literature across 4 databases and 2 search engines to identify articles and aids/toolkits from 1990 to present. Toolkits were subsequently evaluated for purpose, evidence-base, implementation process, adaptability to family medicine, and outcome measures.

Results
The search identified 17,751 articles. Screening resulted in 20 published articles and 11 toolkits. Most articles presented simple checklists to support greening clinic initiatives, 3 studies focussed on partial carbon footprint analyses, and 4 on educational initiatives. Toolkits ranged in sustainability topics and degree of depth covered, and adaptability and outcome measures. None of the resources identified have been formally evaluated for effectiveness.

Conclusions
A range of aids exist to support greening of clinic operations; however, there is a significant gap in the literature for greening clinical care. Two toolkits were found to be comprehensive, one requiring tracking and reporting of sustainability initiatives. This scoping review provides a starting point for motivated family doctors and community clinics to initiate change and support more sustainable healthcare.
Identification of the main proteins secreted byKluyveromyces marxianusand their possible roles in antagonistic activity against fungi
Authors: dos Santos Ana Maria , Albuini Fernanda Matias , Barros Géssica Cabral , Pereira Olinto Liparini , da Silveira Wendel Batista , Fietto Luciano Gomes 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLytic enzymes secreted by Kluyveromyces marxianus can lyse Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Their ability to hydrolyze yeast cell walls can be used in biotechnological applications, such as the production of glucans and protoplasts, as well as a biological control agent against plant pathogenic fungi. Herein, 27 proteins secreted by K. marxianus were identified by mass spectrometry analyses. Importantly, 14 out of the 27 proteins were classified as hydrolases. Indeed, the enzyme extract secreted by K. marxianus caused damage to S. cerevisiae cells and reduced yeast cell viability. Moreover, K marxianus inhibited spore germination and mycelial growth of the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea in simultaneous cocultivation assays. We suggest that this inhibition may be partially related to the yeast’s ability to secrete lytic enzymes. Consistent with the in vitro antagonistic tests, K. marxianus was able to protect strawberry fruits inoculated with B. cinerea. Therefore, these findings suggest that K. marxianus possesses potential as a biocontrol agent against strawberry gray mold during the postharvest stage and may also have potential against other phytopathogenic fungi by means of its lytic enzymatic arsenal.
Genome-Scale Analysis Reveals Extensive Diversification of Voltage-Gated K+ Channels in Stem Cnidarians
Authors: Lara Adolfo , Simonson Benjamin T , Ryan Joseph F , Jegla Timothy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIon channels are highly diverse in the cnidarian model organism Nematostella vectensis (Anthozoa), but little is known about the evolutionary origins of this channel diversity and its conservation across Cnidaria. Here, we examined the evolution of voltage-gated K+ channels in Cnidaria by comparing genomes and transcriptomes of diverse cnidarian species from Anthozoa and Medusozoa. We found an average of over 40 voltage-gated K+ channel genes per species, and a phylogenetic reconstruction of the Kv, KCNQ, and Ether-a-go-go (EAG) gene families identified 28 voltage-gated K+ channels present in the last common ancestor of Anthozoa and Medusozoa (23 Kv, 1 KCNQ, and 4 EAG). Thus, much of the diversification of these channels took place in the stem cnidarian lineage prior to the emergence of modern cnidarian classes. In contrast, the stem bilaterian lineage, from which humans evolved, contained no more than nine voltage-gated K+ channels. These results hint at a complexity to electrical signaling in all cnidarians that contrasts with the perceived anatomical simplicity of their neuromuscular systems. These data provide a foundation from which the function of these cnidarian channels can be investigated, which will undoubtedly provide important insights into cnidarian physiology.
Statistical power of spatial earthquake forecast tests
Authors: Khawaja Asim M , Hainzl Sebastian , Schorlemmer Danijel , Iturrieta Pablo , Bayona José A , Savran William H , Werner Maximilian , Marzocchi Warner 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYThe Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability (CSEP) is an international effort to evaluate earthquake forecast models prospectively. In CSEP, one way to express earthquake forecasts is through a grid-based format: the expected number of earthquake occurrences within 0.1° × 0.1° spatial cells. The spatial distribution of seismicity is thereby evaluated using the Spatial test (S-test). The high-resolution grid combined with sparse and inhomogeneous earthquake distributions leads to a huge number of cells causing disparity in the number of cells, and the number of earthquakes to evaluate the forecasts, thereby affecting the statistical power of the S-test. In order to explore this issue, we conducted a global earthquake forecast experiment, in which we computed the power of the S-test to reject a spatially non-informative uniform forecast model. The S-test loses its power to reject the non-informative model when the spatial resolution is so high that every earthquake of the observed catalog tends to get a separate cell. Upon analysing the statistical power of the S-test, we found, as expected, that the statistical power of the S-test depends upon the number of earthquakes available for testing, e.g. with the conventional high-resolution grid for the global region, we would need more than 32 000 earthquakes in the observed catalog for powerful testing, which would require approximately 300 yr to record M ≥ 5.95. The other factor affecting the power is more interesting and new; it is related to the spatial grid representation of the forecast model. Aggregating forecasts on multi-resolution grids can significantly increase the statistical power of the S-test. Using the recently introduced Quadtree to generate data-based multi-resolution grids, we show that the S-test reaches its maximum power in this case already for as few as eight earthquakes in the test period. Thus, we recommend for future CSEP experiments the use of Quadtree-based multi-resolution grids, where available data determine the resolution.
Emerging integrase strand transfer inhibitor drug resistance mutations among children and adults on ART in Tanzania: findings from a national representative HIV drug resistance survey
Authors: Kamori Doreen , Barabona Godfrey , Rugemalila Joan , Maokola Werner , Masoud Salim S , Mizinduko Mucho , Sabasaba Amon , Ruhago George , Sambu Veryeh , Mushi Jeremiah , Mgomella George S , Mcollogi James J , Msafiri Frank , Mugusi Sabina , Boniface Jullu , Mutagonda Ritah , Mlunde Linda , Amani Davis , Mboya Erick , Mahiti Macdonald , Rwebembera Anath , Ueno Takamasa , Pembe Andrea , Njau Prosper , Mutayoba Beatrice , Sunguya Bruno 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the scale-up of ART and the rollout in Tanzania of dolutegravir, an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), treatment success has not been fully realized. HIV drug resistance (HIVDR), including dolutegravir resistance, could be implicated in the notable suboptimal viral load (VL) suppression among HIV patients.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and patterns of acquired drug resistance mutations (DRMs) among children and adults in Tanzania.MethodsA national cross-sectional HIVDR survey was conducted among 866 children and 1173 adults. Genotyping was done on dried blood spot and/or plasma of participants with high HIV VL (≥1000 copies/mL). HIV genes (reverse transcriptase, protease and integrase) were amplified by PCR and directly sequenced. The Stanford HIVDR Database was used for HIVDR interpretation.ResultsHIVDR genotyping was performed on blood samples from 137 participants (92 children and 45 adults) with VL ≥ 1000 copies/mL. The overall prevalence of HIV DRMs was 71.5%, with DRMs present in 78.3% of children and 57.8% of adults. Importantly, 5.8% of participants had INSTI DRMs including major DRMs: Q148K, E138K, G118R, G140A, T66A and R263K. NNRTI, NRTI and PI DRMs were also detected in 62.8%, 44.5% and 8% of participants, respectively. All the participants with major INSTI DRMs harboured DRMs targeting NRTI backbone drugs.ConclusionsMore than 7 in 10 patients with high HIV viraemia in Tanzania have DRMs. The early emergence of dolutegravir resistance is of concern for the efficacy of the Tanzanian ART programme.
Baseline prevalence of molecular marker of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine resistance in Ebonyi and Osun states, Nigeria: amplicon deep sequencing ofdhps-540
Authors: Olukosi Adeola Y , Ajibaye Olusola , Omoniwa Omowunmi , Oresanya Olusola , Oluwagbemiga Aina O , Ujuju Chinazo , Ekholuenetale Michael , Maxwell Kolawole , Sutherland Colin J , Tibenderana James K , Beshir Khalid B 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundChemoprevention plays an important role in malaria control strategy. Perennial malaria chemoprevention (PMC) using sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) is a WHO-approved strategy to combat malaria in young children and may lead to drug pressure. Introducing SP-PMC may therefore be compromised due to the emergence of Plasmodium falciparum resistant to SP, particularly mutation at K540E of the dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) gene. Molecular surveillance of resistance markers can support assessment of antimalarial efficacy and effectiveness. High prevalence of 540E is associated with reduced effectiveness of SP, and areas with more than 50% prevalence are considered unsuitable for intermittent preventative treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) implementation. Assessing 540E prevalence is an important undertaking before implementation of SP-PMC.MethodsWe conducted a rapid surveillance of dhps-540E to assess the suitability of SP as PMC in field studies from Ebonyi and Osun states in Nigeria. We used an in-house developed amplicon deep-sequencing method targeting part of the dhps gene.ResultsOur data reveal that 18.56% of individuals evaluated carried the 540E mutation mixed with the WT K540. Mutant variant 540E alone was not found, and 80% of isolates harboured only WT (K540). Clonal analysis of the sequencing data shows a very low proportion of 540E circulating in both states.ConclusionsOur data show that both states are suitable for SP-PMC implementation and, based on this finding, SP-PMC was implemented in Osun in 2022. Continuous monitoring of 540E will be required to ensure the chemoprevention effectiveness of SP in Nigeria.
PPARα activation partially drives NAFLD development in liver-specific Hnf4a-null mice
Authors: Kasano-Camones Carlos Ichiro , Takizawa Masayuki , Ohshima Noriyasu , Saito Chinatsu , Iwasaki Wakana , Nakagawa Yuko , Fujitani Yoshio , Yoshida Ryo , Saito Yoshifumi , Izumi Takashi , Terawaki Shin-Ichi , Sakaguchi Masakiyo , Gonzalez Frank J , Inoue Yusuke 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
HNF4α regulates various genes to maintain liver function. There have been reports linking HNF4α expression to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In this study, liver-specific Hnf4a-deficient mice (Hnf4aΔHep mice) developed hepatosteatosis and liver fibrosis, and they were found to have difficulty utilizing glucose. In Hnf4aΔHep mice, the expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes, which are PPARα target genes, was increased in contrast to the decreased expression of PPARα, suggesting that Hnf4aΔHep mice take up more lipids in the liver instead of glucose. Furthermore, Hnf4aΔHep/Ppara−/− mice, which are simultaneously deficient in HNF4α and PPARα, showed improved hepatosteatosis and fibrosis. Increased C18:1 and C18:1/C18:0 ratio was observed in the livers of Hnf4aΔHep mice, and the transactivation of PPARα target gene was induced by C18:1. When the C18:1/C18:0 ratio was close to that of Hnf4aΔHep mouse liver, a significant increase in transactivation was observed. In addition, the expression of Pgc1a, a coactivator of PPARs, was increased, suggesting that elevated C18:1 and Pgc1a expression could contribute to PPARα activation in Hnf4aΔHep mice. These insights may contribute to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for NAFLD by focusing on the HNF4α and PPARα signaling cascade.
A Novel Approach to TallyAculops cannabicola(Acari: Eriophyidae) for Field and Laboratory Studies
Authors: Falcon-Brindis A , Villanueva R T , Viloria Z , Bradley C L 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe hemp russet mite, Aculops cannabicola (Farkas) is a key pest of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). Given its microscopic size, estimating the size of its populations can be a major limitation to control this pest. Here, we describe a method to count A. cannabicola using photographs taken with a handheld digital microscope. We compared the consistency and strength of the relationship between photographic- and microscope-based counts of mites from infested plants. Among the three sections of the leaflet, the maximum consistency levels were observed in the proximal (50%) and middle photographs (50%). However, it reached from 64% to 100% when the three sections were considered. Photographic and a microscope-based counts were positively correlated (&gt;0.7). A single photograph can be a good predictor of the total mites per leaflet, however, using two pictures (proximal and middle sections) will increase the consistency of the abundance of A. cannabicola per leaflet. A minimum of 22 leaflets per sampling event can support a strong correlation between the microscope and photographic counts. Our method requires low budget and training and takes short time (0.4 to 1.3 min per leaflet) to count mites per sample. Additionally, photographs can be stored on a smartphone, computer, or tablet, allowing users to share, store and process the photos. This method simplifies counts of A. cannabicola on hemp for research purposes and provides a practical tool for growers to assess mite populations for management decisions. In addition, it may be useful for monitoring eriophyid mites on cultivated plants.
Enhancing the production of a heterologous Trametes laccase (LacA) by replacement of the major cellulase CBH1 in Trichoderma reesei
Authors: Zhang Jiaxin , Hong Yu , Li Kehang , Sun Yu , Yao Cheng , Ling Jianya , Zhong Yaohua 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

The laccases from white-rot fungi exhibit high redox potential in treating phenolic compounds. However, their application in commercial purposes has been limited because of the relatively low productivity of the native hosts. Here, the laccase A-encoding gene lacA of Trametes sp. AH28-2 was overexpressed under the control of the strong promoter of cbh1 (Pcbh1), the gene encoding the endogenous cellobiohydrolase 1 (CBH1), in the industrial workhorse fungus Trichoderma reesei. Firstly, the lacA expression cassette was randomly integrated into the T. reesei chromosome by genetic transformation. The lacA gene was successfully transcribed, but the laccase couldn't be detected in the liquid fermentation condition. Meanwhile, it was found that the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) was strongly activated, indicating that the expression of LacA probably triggered intense endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Subsequently, the lacA expression cassette was added with the downstream region of cbh1 (Tcbh1) to construct the new expression cassette lacA::Δcbh1, which could replace the cbh1 locus in the genome via homologous recombination. After genetic transformation, the lacA gene was integrated into the cbh1 locus and transcribed. And the unfolded protein response (UPR) and ERAD were only slightly induced, for which the loss of endogenous cellulase CBH1 released the pressure of secretion. Finally, the maximum laccase activity of 168.3 U/l was obtained in the fermentation broth. These results demonstrated that the reduction of secretion pressure by deletion of endogenous protein-encoding genes would be an efficient strategy for the secretion of heterologous target proteins in industrial fungi.

One-Sentence Summary
The reduction of the secretion pressure by deletion of the endogenous cbh1 gene can contribute to heterologous expression of the laccase (LacA) from Trametes sp. AH28-2 in Trichoderma reesei.
Clustering spatial networks through latent mixture models
Authors: Egidi Leonardo , Pauli Francesco , Torelli Nicola , Zaccarin Susanna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe consider a Bayesian model-based clustering technique that directly accounts for network relations between territorial units and their position in a geographical space. This proposal is motivated by a practical problem: to design administrative structures that are intermediate between the municipality and the province within an Italian region based on the existence of a relatively (to population) high commuting flow. In our social network model, the commuting flows are explained by the distances between the municipalities, i.e., the nodes, in a 3-dimensional space, where the 2 actual geographical coordinates and the third latent variable are modelled through a Gaussian mixture.
A case of anterior choroidal artery occlusion test under MEP monitoring for a recurrent internal carotid artery–anterior choroidal artery bifurcation aneurysm clipping
Authors: Suzuki Yosuke , Noda Kosumo , Yasuda Souichirou , Okada Yasuaki , Ono Syun , Kiko Katsunari , Yoshikawa Kohei , Miyoshi Norio , Kondo Tomomasa , Haraguchi Kenichi , Oda Jyunpei , Ota Nakao , Kamiyama Hiroyasu , Tokuda Sadahisa , Tanikawa Rokuya 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A 59-year-old female with recurrent Anterior Choroidal Artery (AchA) aneurysm was elected for surgery at our institution through a standard pterional approach. Two thin perforating branches were found to origin from the dome of the aneurysm during operation, and therefore complete aneurysm clipping preserving these branches was not feasible. These perforating branches were temporarily occluded under motor-evoked potential (MEP) monitoring. The MEPs remained stable during 10 min of temporary clipping, and we concluded that these branches could be sacrificed, and therefore neck clipping was performed occluding these tiny AchA perforators. Although postoperative magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted images showed ischemic signs in left AchA territory after the operation, the patient remained asymptomatic and was discharged home with mRS 0.
Comprehensive spectroscopic and photometric study of pulsating eclipsing binary star AI Hya
Authors: Kahraman Aliçavuş F , Pawar T , Hełminiak K G , Handler G , Moharana A , Aliçavuş F , De Cat P , Leone F , Catanzaro G , Giarrusso M , Ukita N , Kambe E 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThe pulsating eclipsing binaries are remarkable systems that provide an opportunity to probe the stellar interior and to determine the fundamental stellar parameters precisely. Especially the detached eclipsing binary systems with (a) pulsating component(s) are significant objects to understand the nature of the oscillations since the binary effects in these systems are negligible. Recent studies based on space data have shown that the pulsation mechanisms of some oscillating stars are not completely understood. Hence, comprehensive studies of a number of pulsating stars within detached eclipsing binaries are important. In this study, we present a detailed analysis of the pulsating detached eclipsing binary system AI Hya which was studied by two independent groups with different methods. We carried out a spectroscopic survey to estimate the orbital parameters via radial velocity measurements and the atmospheric parameters of each binary component using the composite and/or disentangled spectra. We found that the more luminous component of the system is a massive, cool and chemically normal star while the hotter binary component is a slightly metal-rich object. The fundamental parameters of AI Hya were determined by the analysis of binary variations and subsequently used in the evolutionary modelling. Consequently, we obtained the age of the system as 850 ± 20 Myr and found that both binary components are situated in the δ Scuti instability strip. The frequency analysis revealed pulsation frequencies between 5.5 and 13.0 d−1 and we tried to estimate which binary component is the pulsating one. However, it turned out that those frequencies could originate from both binary components.