bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and fabrication of gradiently‐denitrated layer structure of seven‐hole gun propellant and its burning performance
Authors: Li Yu , Li Shiying , Ding Yajun , Xiao Zhongliang , Zhou Hongwei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractImproving the progressive burning performance of gun propellant is an effective approach to increase the muzzle velocity of bullet. The seven‐hole gun propellant characterized by a perforated structure with progressive burning performance has a broad application in the field of medium and small caliber weapons. Therefore, researches aiming to improve its burning performance are indispensable. In this paper, a seven‐hole gun propellant with the gradiently‐denitrated layer structure (GDLS) that the energetic functional groups increased gradually from the surface to the inside was designed and fabricated. Theoretical calculation indicated that the nitrogen content of nitrocellulose in seven‐hole gun propellant has a positive relationship with the burning rate coefficient and impetus. The results of burning calculation showed that the progressive burning performance of seven‐hole gun propellant were improved with the thickness of GDLS increases or the burning rate coefficient of the surface decreases. Moreover, the seven‐hole gun propellant with GDLS was successfully prepared, named gradiently denitrated seven‐hole gun propellant (GDSGP), which was proved by the results of FT‐IR, Raman and SEM. The different denitration conditions enabled the GDSGP with a good progressive burning performance, as confirmed by closed bomb test. Furthermore, the progressive burning performance of GDSGP increased first and then decreased with extending the denitration time. On the basis of design and study of GDSGP, the control and optimization of the burning performance of GDSGP will be more accurate in practical applications.
Testing feature‐rich blockchains
Authors: Arts Thomas , Svensson Hans , Benac Earle Clara , Fredlund Lars‐Åke 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBlockchain implementations have become more and more advanced, combining many different features in the same framework (e.g., oracles, names, and state channels). Since the cost of errors in reputation and represented value is high in the blockchain world, software quality is of the utmost importance. One of the main methods used to assure such high software quality is careful testing. However, the number of tests needed to achieve a high level of assurance grows quadratic with the pairs of features of the blockchain, and when testing triples features the growth is cubic. To manually craft the required large number of tests is an almost impossible undertaking in practice. In this article, we describe how property‐based testing (PBT) techniques have been used to automate testing of the core part of the Aeternity blockchain, ensuring the high software quality of the blockchain. Even though PBT is a powerful testing technique, applying it to the task of testing a complex system such as a blockchain, is far from trivial. The structure of the Aeternity property‐based test model follows the structure of the blockchain, that is, it cleanly separates different blockchain features (e.g., oracles, smart contracts) into different model parts, and moreover, reduces the amount of boilerplate test model code by focusing on the identification of valid blockchain transactions. The test model is evaluated through a careful instrumentation of test code which permits observations of which combinations of features have been tested during a test run, and with which frequency. This article documents the details of how these issues were addressed in the development of the Aeternity test model, providing insights into both the testing of other blockchains as well as the testing of other complex feature based systems.
Identifying key parameters impacting cost in large‐scale complex space programs using simulation‐based global sensitivity analysis
Authors: Sikkandar Basha Nazareen , Leifsson Leifur , Bloebaum Christina L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCost overruns averaging 45%–50% can occur during the acquisition process of large‐scale complex space programs. The factors that impact the cost overrun are frequently misunderstood and are not identified correctly. This paper investigates the impact of the parameters on the overall cost of a geosynchronous communication satellite program using model‐based global sensitivity analysis. A simulation model with the acquisition data was used to identify the key parameters within the system model that interact with the cost of the program. A system simulation model containing a physics‐based satellite model and a parametric cost model is utilized to conduct variance‐based sensitivity analysis. Data from selected acquisition reports are used to validate the system simulation model. Sobol' analysis is performed on the parameters associated with requirements of the satellite system, operations, and support to maintain the system, including the launch system and ground equipment. The results show that parameters related to the system‐based requirements significantly impact the program cost. These critical parameters, which influence the cost, lay the foundation to quantify the impact of system parameters and their uncertainty on the cost of the system using a simulation‐based model which will aid in the reduction of cost overruns during the design and development of future large‐scale complex engineered systems.
Plugging membranes after fetoscopy in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: early cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Janssen J. , van Drongelen J. , Daamen W. F. , Grutters J. P. C. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivesFetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO) improves neonatal survival of fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). However, FETO also increases the risk of preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) and preterm delivery (PTD), as fetal membrane defects after fetoscopy do not heal. To solve this issue, an advanced sealing plug for closing the membrane defect is being developed. Using early‐stage health economic modeling, we aimed to estimate the potential value of this innovative plug in terms of costs and effects, and to determine the properties required for it to become cost‐effective.MethodsEarly‐stage health economic modeling was applied to the case of performing FETO in women with a singleton pregnancy whose fetus is diagnosed prenatally with CDH. We simulated a cohort of patients using a state‐transition model over a 45‐year time horizon. In our best‐case‐scenario analysis, we compared the current‐care strategy with the perfect‐plug strategy, which reduces the risk of PPROM and PTD by 100%, to determine the maximum quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) gained and costs saved. Using threshold analysis, we determined the minimum percentage reduction in the risk of PPROM and PTD required for the plug to be considered cost‐effective. The impact of model parameters on outcome was investigated using a sensitivity analysis.ResultsOur model indicated that a perfect‐plug strategy would yield on average an additional 1.94 QALYs at a cost decrease of €2554 per patient. These values were influenced strongly by the percentage of cases with early PTD (27–34 weeks). Threshold analysis showed that, for €500 per plug, the plug strategy needs a minimum percentage reduction of 1.83% in the risk of PPROM and PTD (i.e. reduction in the risk from 47.50% to 46.63% for PPROM and from 71.50% to 70.19% for PTD) to be cost‐effective.ConclusionsOur model‐based approach showed clear potential of the plug strategy when applied in the context of FETO for CDH fetuses, as only a minor reduction in the risk of PPROM and PTD is needed for the plug to be cost‐effective. Its value is expected to be even higher when used in conditions associated with a higher rate of early PTD. Continued investment in research and development of the plug strategy appears to provide value for money. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Dogs with cropped ears in the UK: A population‐based study using electronic health records
Authors: Norris Lucy J. , Pinchbeck Gina L. , Noble Peter‐John M. , Radford Alan D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundEar cropping for cosmetic purposes was made illegal in the UK in 2006. Despite this, a lack of import regulations and celebrity and media influences mean cropped dogs are increasingly reported.MethodsThe demographics, temporal trends and patient‐level associated factors for dogs with cropped ears were evaluated in a large sentinel population of dogs visiting UK veterinary practices.ResultsA total of 132 dogs with cropped ears were identified, with rates peaking in 2021. In 84 cases (63.6%), there was evidence of importation, most commonly from countries where cropping is also illegal, including Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Serbia, Spain, Poland and Ireland. American Bulldogs, Dobermanns, Italian Mastiffs (Cane Corso), Bulldogs and Mastiffs were all significantly overrepresented. Affected dogs were more likely to be unneutered (odds ratio 11.04, 95% confidence interval 5.84–20.90).LimitationsThe study likely underestimates true levels of ear cropping. Identified cases are from a sentinel network of veterinary practices, and as such may not be representative of the wider UK population.ConclusionThese data suggest a need to educate owners and veterinary surgeons about the welfare and legal implications of ear cropping. The data presented can inform future targeted policies in veterinary practices and at a governmental level.
Ultrasonographic sex determination of the flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus)
Authors: Masoudifard Majid , Vajhi Alireza , Mohammadshahali Shahrzad , Zehtabvar Omid , Moghim Mehdi , Mirhashemi Rostami Seyed Amin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundDetermination of sex in fish without external sexual dimorphism is important. Sex determination of the flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) in the culture system and spawn‐producing and fish reproduction system is very important. Currently, there are several methods to determine the sex of fish; however, they are time‐consuming, expensive and sometimes dangerous for the fish.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was the sex determination of flathead grey mullet by ultrasonography as a safe and accurate method.MethodsIn this regard, 30 flathead grey mullets (early in their maturation) from a farm in Gomishan‐Golestan province, Iran were examined using a portable ultrasound machine with a 6–12 MHz waterproof linear transducer. Scanning was performed on the ventral body surface in the sagittal and transverse planes, between ventral and anal fins.ResultsDifferences in shape, qualitative size, echogenicity and the wall layers of the ovary and testis were evaluated for sex determination. Results of ultrasonography were confirmed immediately at necropsy. Ultrasonographic accuracy for sex determination was 100%. The speed of the procedure was around 30 s per fish.ConclusionsOverall, the sex determination of flathead grey mullet by ultrasonography was high in accuracy and speed, non‐invasive and safe for fish and consumers, and may be considered a priority. Place of the organs in the M. cephalus coelomic cavity and the obtained experience showed that for rapid and easy sex identification, the best place to put the transducer is on the ventral surface of the fish in the caudal part of the coelomic cavity for taking transverse and sagittal ultrasonograms.
A new surgical approach for urethrorectal fistula in dog
Authors: Ishizaka Mio , Kubo Yoshiaki , Yasuda Akiko , Yayoshi Naoko , Miyagawa Yuichi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA urethrorectal fistula is a rare congenital or acquired condition in dogs. Its treatment has been reported through a perineal incision, but not through a rectal mucosal approach. A 10‐month‐old, entire, male French bulldog was presented with leakage of urine from the rectum and urethra during urination, which was diagnosed as urethrorectal fistula by computed tomography, and surgery was performed. In our case, a rectal mucosal approach was used instead of a perineal approach, which has been reported previously. Postoperatively, the fistula tract was completely blocked and treatment was successful. Most treatment of urethrorectal fistulas involves excision of the fistula tube or urinary diversion, but the surgical approach should be considered depending on the location of the fistula. Because the perineum contains more important nerves and muscles related to defecation than the rectal mucosa, the rectal mucosal approach minimizes damage to muscles and nerves and reduces complications.
Energy-Efficient Scheduling
Authors: Albers Susanne 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe review algorithmic techniques for energy conservation in processing environments handling big data sets. Firstly, we address dynamic speed scaling, where processors can run at variable speed/frequency. The goal is to use the speed spectrum of the processors so as to minimize energy consumption while providing a desired service. Here we focus on multi-processor platforms with heterogeneous CPUs. Secondly, we examine power-down mechanisms where idle devices can be transitioned into low-power standby and sleep states. We consider power-down mechanisms in massively parallel systems, where the components have to coordinate their active and idle periods. In particular we focus on data centers with homogeneous as well as heterogeneous servers.
Recent Advances in Practical Data Reduction
Authors: Abu-Khzam Faisal N. , Lamm Sebastian , Mnich Matthias , Noe Alexander , Schulz Christian , Strash Darren 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOver the last two decades, significant advances have been made in the design and analysis of fixed-parameter algorithms for a wide variety of graph-theoretic problems. This has resulted in an algorithmic toolbox that is by now well-established. However, these theoretical algorithmic ideas have received very little attention from the practical perspective. We survey recent trends in data reduction engineering results for selected problems. Moreover, we describe concrete techniques that may be useful for future implementations in the area and give open problems and research questions.
Skeleton-Based Clustering by Quasi-Threshold Editing
Authors: Brandes Ulrik , Hamann Michael , Häuser Luise , Wagner Dorothea 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe consider the problem of transforming a given graph into a quasi-threshold graph using a minimum number of edge additions and deletions. Building on the previously proposed heuristic Quasi-Threshold Mover (QTM), we present improvements both in terms of running time and quality. We propose a novel, linear-time algorithm that solves the inclusion-minimal variant of this problem, i.e., a set of edge edits such that no subset of them also transforms the given graph into a quasi-threshold graph. In an extensive experimental evaluation, we apply these algorithms to a large set of graphs from different applications and find that they lead QTM to find solutions with fewer edits. Although the inclusion-minimal algorithm needs significantly more edits on its own, it outperforms the initialization heuristic previously proposed for QTM.
The smallest interacting universe
Authors: Zini Modjtaba Shokrian , Brown Adam R. , Freedman Michael 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We study a mechanism by which the most basic structures of quantum physics can emerge from the most meager of starting points, a Hilbert space, lacking any preassigned structure such as a tensor decomposition, and a loss function. In a simple toy model of the universe, we hypothesize a fundamental loss functional for the combined Hamiltonian and quantum state, and then minimize this loss functional by gradient descent. We find that this minimization gives rise to a co-emergence of locality, i.e. a tensor product structure simultaneously respected by both the Hamiltonian and the state, suggesting that locality can emerge by a process analogous to spontaneous symmetry breaking. We discuss the relevance of this program to the arrow of time problem.In our toy model, we interpret the emergence of a tensor factorization as the appearance of individual degrees of freedom within a previously undifferentiated (raw) Hilbert space. Earlier work [5, 6] looked at the emergence of locality in Hamiltonians only, and in that context found strong numerical confirmation of the hypothesis that raw Hilbert spaces of dim = n are unstable and prefer to settle on tensor factorization when n is not prime, expressing, for example, n = pq, and in [6] even primes were seen to “factor” after first shedding a small summand, e.g. 7 = 1 + 2 · 3. This was found in the context of a rather general potential functional F on the space of metrics {gij} on $$ \mathfrak{su} $$
su
(n), the Lie algebra of symmetries. This emergence of qunits through operator-level spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) may help us understand why the world seems to consist of myriad interacting degrees of freedom. But understanding why the universe has an initial Hamiltonian H0 with a many-body structure is of limited conceptual value unless the initial state, ∣ψ0〉, is also structured by this tensor decomposition. Here we adapt F to become a functional on {g, | ψ0〉} = (metrics) × (initial states), and find SSB now produces a conspiracy between g and ∣ψ0〉, where they simultaneously attain low entropy by jointly settling on the same qubit decomposition. Extreme scaling of the computational problem has confined us to studying ℂ4 breaking to ℂ2 ⊗ ℂ2 and ℂ8 breaking to ℂ2 ⊗ ℂ4 or ℂ2 ⊗ ℂ2 ⊗ ℂ2.
Existence and Uniqueness of Exact WKB Solutions for Second-Order Singularly Perturbed Linear ODEs
Authors: Nikolaev Nikita 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe prove an existence and uniqueness theorem for exact WKB solutions of general singularly perturbed linear second-order ODEs in the complex domain. These include the one-dimensional time-independent complex Schrödinger equation. Notably, our results are valid both in the case of generic WKB trajectories as well as closed WKB trajectories. We also explain in what sense exact and formal WKB solutions form a basis. As a corollary of the proof, we establish the Borel summability of formal WKB solutions for a large class of problems, and derive an explicit formula for the Borel transform.
Hidden Decomposers: the Role of Bacteria and Fungi in Recently Intermittent Alpine Streams Heterotrophic Pathways
Authors: Gruppuso L. , Receveur J. P. , Fenoglio S. , Bona F. , Benbow M. E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe frequency of flow intermittency and drying events in Alpine rivers is expected to increase due to climate change. These events can have significant consequences for stream ecological communities, though the effects of reduced flow conditions on microbial communities of decomposing allochthonous leaf material require additional research. In this study, we investigated the bacterial and fungal communities associated with the decomposition of two common species of leaf litter, chestnut (Castanea sativa), and oak (Quercus robur). A sampling of experimentally placed leaf bags occurred over six collection dates (up to 126 days after placement) at seven stream sites in the Western Italian Alps with historically different flow conditions. Leaf-associated bacterial and fungal communities were identified using amplicon-based, high-throughput sequencing. Chestnut and oak leaf material harbored distinct bacterial and fungal communities, with a number of taxonomic groups differing in abundance, though bacterial community structure converged later in decomposition. Historical flow conditions (intermittent vs perennial rivers) and observed conditions (normal flow, low flow, ongoing drying event) had weaker effects on bacterial and fungal communities compared to leaf type and collection date (i.e., length of decomposition). Our findings highlight the importance of leaf characteristics (e.g., C:N ratios, recalcitrance) to the in-stream conditioning of leaf litter and a need for additional investigations of drying events in Alpine streams. This study provides new information on the microbial role in leaf litter decomposition with expected flow changes associated with a global change scenario.
Does the use of epicutaneous vacuum-assisted closure after revision surgery on the spine reduce further wound revision surgery?
Authors: Gläsel Stefan , Jarvers Jan-Sven , Pieroh Philipp , Heyde Christoph-Eckhard , Spiegl Ulrich J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the effect of epicutaneous vacuum therapy on the rate of unplanned spinal wound revisions compared with conventional wound dressing.

Methods
This retrospective study included patients who underwent unplanned revision spine surgery after primary aseptic spine surgery who were treated at a level I spine centre between December 2011 and December 2019. Patients with revision surgery who required a further unplanned revision surgery during the inpatient stay were considered a treatment failure. The epicutaneous vacuum-assisted closure (Epi-VAC) therapy was the standard treatment method beginning in 2017 (the epi-VAC group). Before, conventional wound dressing was used (the control group (CG)). In addition, a one-to-one matched-pair comparison analysis was performed between both groups.

Results
Of 218 patients, 48 were in the epi-VAC group. The mean age was 65.1 years (epi-VAC 68.2 to CG 64.3 years (P = 0.085)), and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 28.2 kg/m2 (epi-VAC 29.4 to CG 27.9 kg/m2 (P = 0.16)). No significant differences in the treatment failure rate could be detected between the two groups (epi-VAC 25% to CG 22.4% (P = 0.7)). There was also no significant difference for the matched-pair analysis (epi-VAC 26.1% to CG 15.2% (P = 0.3)). An elevated CRP level (C-reactive protein) immediately before the first wound revision was a significant risk factor for further revision surgery (treatment failure: 135.2 ± 128.6; no treatment failure: 79.7 ± 86.1 mg/l (P < 0.05)).

Conclusion
Concerning repeat unplanned wound revision after spinal revision surgery, we cannot demonstrate an advantage of the epicutaneous vacuum therapy over conventional wound dressing.