bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global trends in the incidence rates of MDR and XDR tuberculosis: Findings from the global burden of disease study 2019
Authors: Bu Qingting , Qiang Rong , Fang Lingyan , Peng Xiaokang , Zhang Hua , Cheng Hua 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: The study aimed to quantify the global trends of the incidence rates of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (XDR-TB).Methods: Cases, age-standardized rates (ASRs), and incidence rates of MDR-TB and XDR-TB during 2010–2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The incidence trends of MDR-TB and XDR-TB were evaluated using the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) in ASRs. The relationships among the ASRs of MDR-TB and XDR-TB, the MDR rate, the XDR rate, and socio-demographic index (SDI) were assessed using locally weighted regression and Pearson’s correlation coefficient.Results: The global ASR of MDR-TB on average decreased by 1.36% (EAPC = −1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −2.19 to −0.52) per year whereas that of XDR-TB was stable (EAPC = 0.69, 95% CI = −0.15–1.54) during 2010–2019. The incidence trends of MDR-TB in most regions and countries were decreasing, but those of XDR-TB were increasing. People aged 35–44 and 55–64 years had the highest incidence rates for MDR-TB and XDR-TB. The MDR and XDR rates both peaked in those aged 35–44 years. Areas with higher SDI tended to have lower ASRs of MDR-TB (p &lt; 0.001, ρ = −0.43).Conclusion: The current achievements for the incidence trends of MDR-TB and XDR-TB are insufficient. More strategies and tools need to be developed to further curb MDR-TB and XDR-TB, especially in high-risk areas and age groups, and in low SDI regions.
Providing baseline data for conservation–Heart rate monitoring in captive scimitar-horned oryx
Authors: Leimgruber Peter , Songsasen Nucharin , Stabach Jared A. , Horning Megan , Reed Dolores , Buk Tara , Harwood Arielle , Layman Lawrence , Mathews Christopher , Vance Morgan , Marinari Paul , Helmick Kelly E. , Delaski Kristina M. , Ware Lisa H. , Jones Julia C. , Silva Jose L. P. , Laske Timothy G. , Moraes Rosana Nogueira 
Published: February 2023

Heart rate biologging has been successfully used to study wildlife responses to natural and human-caused stressors (e.g., hunting, landscape of fear). Although rarely deployed to inform conservation, heart rate biologging may be particularly valuable for assessing success in wildlife reintroductions. We conducted a case study for testing and validating the use of subcutaneous heart rate monitors in eight captive scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah), a once-extinct species that is currently being restored to the wild. We evaluated biologger safety and accuracy while collecting long-term baseline data and assessing factors explaining variation in heart rate. None of the biologgers were rejected after implantation, with successful data capture for 16–21 months. Heart rate detection accuracy was high (83%–99%) for six of the individuals with left lateral placement of the biologgers. We excluded data from two individuals with a right lateral placement because accuracies were below 60%. Average heart rate for the six scimitar-horned oryx was 60.3 ± 12.7 bpm, and varied by about 12 bpm between individuals, with a minimum of 31 bpm and a maximum of 188 bpm across individuals. Scimitar-horned oryx displayed distinct circadian rhythms in heart rate and activity. Heart rate and activity were low early in the morning and peaked near dusk. Circadian rhythm in heart rate and activity were relatively unchanged across season, but hourly averages for heart rate and activity were higher in spring and summer, respectively. Variation in hourly heart rate averages was best explained by a combination of activity, hour, astronomical season, ambient temperature, and an interaction term for hour and season. Increases in activity appeared to result in the largest changes in heart rate. We concluded that biologgers are safe and accurate and can be deployed in free-ranging and reintroduced scimitar-horned oryx. In addition to current monitoring practices of reintroduced scimitar-horned oryx, the resulting biologging data could significantly aid in 1) evaluating care and management action prior to release, 2) characterizing different animal personalities and how these might affect reintroduction outcomes for individual animals, and 3) identifying stressors after release to determine their timing, duration, and impact on released animals. Heart rate monitoring in released scimitar-horned oryx may also aid in advancing our knowledge about how desert ungulates adapt to extreme environmental variation in their habitats (e.g., heat, drought).
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on emotional and behavioral problems of children with autism spectrum disorder and developmental delay aged 1–6 years in China
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Luo Yanan , Zhang Rong , Zheng Xiaoying 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic outbreak have caused increased levels of emotional and behavioral problems, particularly among people with pre-existing mental health conditions. Young individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and developmental delay (DD) are particularly at risk due to their vulnerability. The purpose of this study was to look into the different effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on 1–6-year-old children with ASD and DD.MethodsParents and guardians of children with ASD completed an online survey that included questions about their children’s socio-demographics characteristics, the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on their health, and what they needed in order to deal with the conditions of the pandemic.ResultsThis study compared 4,138 children with ASD to 711 children with DD. Children with ASD had a higher risk of having more emotional and behavioral problems than children with DD (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.12–1.70). Compared to parent-oriented rehabilitation at home, discontinuing rehabilitation had a higher likelihood of negative emotional and behavioral change (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.41–1.98). Having teachers’ online support had a higher likelihood of negative emotional and behavioral change for ASD children (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.03–1.54).ConclusionsThis article provided evidence that children with developmental disabilities, particularly ASD, were at risk for a variety of challenges to their emotional functioning during the COVID-19 period, and that online support was not an ideal way for children with ASD to receive effective educational intervention in China.
Application of protection motivation theory and cultural tightness-looseness for predicting individuals' compliance with the government's recommended preventive measures during regular prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic in China
Authors: Liu Yi , Jiang Xiaoyuan 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionIn the period of regular prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic, the public must continue to comply with the government's recommended preventive measures to further curb the pandemic. Based on the theories of protection motivation and cultural tightness-looseness, this study investigates individuals' compliance with the government's recommended preventive measures during this period in China. It also establishes a moderated mediation model to explore the underlying mechanisms.MethodsWe used structural equation modeling and latent model structural equations to analyze data from an online survey of 443 participants.ResultsThe analysis showed that media exposure significantly predicted perceived severity, maladaptive rewards, self-efficacy, response efficacy, and response cost. Perceived severity, self-efficacy, and response efficacy were positively associated with protection motivation, which, in turn, was positively associated with individuals' compliance. Additionally, protection motivation positively affected individuals' compliance via implementation intention, and perceived cultural tightness-looseness significantly moderated the association between protection motivation and implementation intention.DiscussionThis study helps to better understand individuals' compliance from a theoretical perspective and provide practical advice on promoting individuals' compliance with the government's precautionary measures.
Spinal disease diagnosis assistant based on MRI images using deep transfer learning methods
Authors: Xuan Junbo , Ke Baoyi , Ma Wenyu , Liang Yinghao , Hu Wei 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionIn light of the potential problems of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis in the diagnosis of spinal diseases caused by experience differences and fatigue, this paper investigates the use of artificial intelligence technology for auxiliary diagnosis of spinal diseases.MethodsThe LableImg tool was used to label the MRIs of 604 patients by clinically experienced doctors. Then, in order to select an appropriate object detection algorithm, deep transfer learning models of YOLOv3, YOLOv5, and PP-YOLOv2 were created and trained on the Baidu PaddlePaddle framework. The experimental results showed that the PP-YOLOv2 model achieved a 90.08% overall accuracy in the diagnosis of normal, IVD bulges and spondylolisthesis, which were 27.5 and 3.9% higher than YOLOv3 and YOLOv5, respectively. Finally, a visualization of the intelligent spine assistant diagnostic software based on the PP-YOLOv2 model was created and the software was made available to the doctors in the spine and osteopathic surgery at Guilin People's Hospital.Results and discussionThis software automatically provides auxiliary diagnoses in 14.5 s on a standard computer, is much faster than doctors in diagnosing human spines, which typically take 10 min, and its accuracy of 98% can be compared to that of experienced doctors in the comparison of various diagnostic methods. It significantly improves doctors' working efficiency, reduces the phenomenon of missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses, and demonstrates the efficacy of the developed intelligent spinal auxiliary diagnosis software.
Preventive behavior against SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults according to whether or not they live with children. A combined analysis of the nationwide COSMO-SPAIN and ENE-COVID surveys
Authors: Jroundi Imane , Fernández de Larrea-Baz Nerea , Rodríguez-Blázquez Carmen , Pastor-Barriuso Roberto , Pollán-Santamaría Marina , Forjaz Maria João , Pérez-Gómez Beatriz ,   the ENE-COVID Study Group
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThe protection of children is a major driver of behavior among those in charge of their care. We evaluated whether compliance with preventive measures against SARS-CoV-2 infection among adults living with children was different from that of those not living with them, in 2020.MethodsWe used the COSMO-SPAIN (N = 867) and the nationally representative ENE-COVID (N = 29,926) surveys to estimate prevalence of compliance (95% confidence interval). Logistic model based standardization methods were applied to estimate standardized prevalence differences (SPrD) to the overall distribution of age, sex, education, history of COVID-19, and residence of other &gt;60 yrs in the household.ResultsWe observed that adults living with children more frequently avoided bars (SPrDENE−COVID: 4.2%; 95% CI: 2.3–6.1), crowded places (SPrDCOSMO: 8.0%; 95% CI: 0.6–15.1) and did not use public transportation (SPrDENE−COVID: 4.9%; 95% CI: 3.0–6.7). They were also more worried about work and family conciliation (SPrDCOSMO: 12.2%; 95% CI: 4.8–19.5) and about closure of education centers (SPrDCOSMO: 26.5%; 95% CI: 19.4–33.6).DiscussionIn general, adults living with children adopted slightly more frequently social distancing measures.
Incidence and determinants of nosocomial infection among hospital admitted adult chronic disease patients in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North–West Ethiopia, 2016–2020
Authors: Taye Zewdu Wasie , Abebil Yaregal Animut , Akalu Temesgen Yihunie , Tessema Getahun Mengistu , Taye Eden Bishaw 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundNosocomial infections are major public health problem which affects more than 100 million patients each year globally. This leads to prolonged hospital stays, a high mortality rate, and a vast financial burden to the healthcare system as well as the patients. This study aimed to find out the incidence of nosocomial infections and determinant factors among admitted adult chronic illness patients at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsAn institutional-based retrospective follow-up study design was employed among 597 respondents. The secondary data was collected from April 15 to May 15, 2021. A computer-generated random sampling technique was used to select a total of 599 patients using Open-epi software. Structured checklists were used to collect data. For data entry and analysis Epi-Data version 4.6 and STATA 16 were used respectively. To identify statistically significant variables Cox-regressions (univariable and multivariable) were performed. To declare statistically significant variables based on p &lt; 0.05 in the multivariable Cox-regression model, adjusted hazard ratio with 95% CI was used.ResultsA total of 597(99.6%) adult chronic illness patients were included in the study. Of these, 53 (8.88%) participants developed nosocomial infections and the incidence rate of nosocomial infection was 6.6 per 1,000 person-days observation. In this study, not taking antibiotics (AHR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.49, 5.04), using mechanical ventilation (AHR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.36, 5.26), being on urinary catheter (AHR = 4.62, 95% CI: 2.22, 9.65), being on intravenous catheter (AHR = 3.42, 95% CI: 1.22, 9.61) and length of hospital stay &gt;20 days (AHR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.43, 4.94) were significantly associated with nosocomial infections.ConclusionsThe findings have indicated that the incidence of nosocomial infection was low. No taking antibiotics, intravenous insertion, mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay, and urinary catheterization were the predictors for the development of nosocomial infection. Therefore, we recommend that the healthcare providers need to give emphasis on infection prevention and control in the institution on these factors that have a significant effect on nosocomial infection.
Changing perceptions of general health in the Kayseri Province, Turkey in 2004 and 2017: A population-based study
Authors: Senol Vesile , Elmali Ferhan , Cetinkaya Fevziye , Nacar Melis 
Published: February 2023

AimSelf-rated health (SRH) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) have closely related outcomes in measuring general health status in community-based studies. The aim of this study is to determine changes in the self-perceived overall health of people and affected factors by comparing the findings of two studies conducted in the same research area.MethodsBoth studies were conducted using the same measurement tools in households determined by random sampling techniques in the same research areas. The first and second studies were conducted with 1,304 and 1,533 people residing in 501 and 801 households in 2004 and 2017, respectively. The demographic data form, the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), and a single-item SRH questionnaire were used for data collection.ResultsThe rate of good SRH increased from 56% to 70% while the average NHP score decreased from 30.87 to 20.34. The predictors of negative health perceptions were the presence of chronic diseases (OR 3.4–2.7-times higher), being female (OR.1.4–1.5 times higher), and the completion of primary education only (OR. 2.7–2.8 times higher) both 2004 and 2017. Living 500–1,000 m from the nearest healthcare facility was the main protective variable against poor SRH.ConclusionsGood SRH and HRQoL have increased significantly over time. Chronic diseases, education, and gender are the strongest predictors of poor SRH.
Value assessment of NMPA-approved new cancer drugs for solid cancer in China, 2016–2020
Authors: Luo Jing , Ou Shunlong , Wei Hua , Qin Xiaoli , Peng Rui , Wang Song , Jiang Qian 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundWhether the high cost of cancer drugs is commensurate with their value to patients, which has become the focus of public concern. We aimed to assess the value of new cancer drugs approved for solid cancer in China and to explore the association between price and value of drugs.MethodsWe identified all new drugs for solid tumor that approved by the China's National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) between 2016 and 2020. The value of these drugs was assessed according to the American Society of Clinical Oncology Value Framework (ASCO-VF) and the European Society for Medical Oncology Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (ESMO-MCBS). We calculated Cohen's κ statistic to describe agreement between the two frameworks. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between price and value of drugs.ResultsBetween 2016 and 2020, 37 new drugs were approved by the NMPA for solid tumor and we could evaluate the value of 28 drugs (76%). Eight (29%) of drugs were approved for non-small-cell lung cancer and 6 (21%) for breast cancer. ASCO-VF scores had a range of −20 to 110.1, and the median score was 43.3 (inter-quartile range 27.1–58.35). Only seven drugs (25%) met the ASCO-VF cutoff score. By the ESMO-MCBS, 13 drugs showed a meaningful value. Agreement between these two frameworks thresholds was only fair (κ = 0.515, P &lt; 0.05). We found no statistically significant correlation between launch price of drugs and clinical benefit according to both frameworks.ConclusionsNot all NMPA-approved new cancer drugs had meaningful value as measured by ASCO-VF or ESMO-MCBS. There was no significant correlation between drug price and the level of clinical benefit.
Associations between eHealth literacy, mental health-seeking attitude, and mental wellbeing among young electronic media users in China during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Xu Richard Huan , Bao Xiao-lu , Shi Lu-shao-bo , Wang Dong 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the associations among mental health related eHealth literacy (eHL), mental health-seeking attitude, and wellbeing among Chinese young electronic media users during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Guangzhou, China. The modified eHealth literacy Scale, Mental Help-Seeking Attitudes Scale, and Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale were used. Structural equation modeling (SEM) examined the associations between them and was adjusted by several controlled variables.ResultsTotally, 1,008 participants completed the questionnaire and provided valid responses. The eHL showed a statistically significant and direct effect on mental wellbeing in this sample. The higher the level of eHL, the better wellbeing of the participants. The mental health-seeking attitude is also positively correlated with mental wellbeing, indicating that the more positive attitude toward seeking mental health services, the better the wellbeing participants reported. The higher level of eHL is significantly associated with a more positive attitude toward seeking mental health services.ConclusionTraining to improve eHL may optimize young electronic media users' mental health outcomes. Development and use of a mental health specific eHL instrument in future studies should be encouraged.
Use of zinc deposited in deciduous teeth as a retrospective measurement of dietary zinc exposure during early development
Authors: Wahono N. A. , Wakeling L. A. , Dirks W. , Banks D. A. , Shepherd T. J. , Ford D. , Valentine R. A. 
Published: February 2023

PurposeWe proposed that zinc (Zn) deposition in deciduous teeth would be a timed record of exposure to this essential micronutrient over very early life. We tested this hypothesis by gathering information on the maternal and child's diet during pregnancy and early infancy and measuring mineral deposition in the dentine at points during deciduous tooth development.MethodsWe developed a short food frequency questionnaire (S-FFQ) to record consumption of food containing Zn during pregnancy and over the first year of life of the child in an Indonesian population. Zn, Sr and Ca were measured by laser ablation ICP-MS in a series of points across the developmental timeline in deciduous teeth extracted from 18 children undergoing the process as part of dental treatment whose mothers completed the SFFQ. Mothers and children were classified into either high Zn or low Zn groups according to calculated daily Zn intake.ResultsThe Zn/Sr ratio in dentine deposited over late pregnancy and 0–3 months post-partum was higher (p &lt; 0.001, 2-way ANOVA; p &lt; 0.05 by Holm-Sidak post hoc test) in the teeth of children of mothers classified as high Zn consumers (n = 10) than in children of mothers classified as low Zn consumers (n = 8).ConclusionThe S-FFQ was validated internally as adequately accurate to measure zinc intake retrospectively during pregnancy and post-partum (∼7 years prior) by virtue of the correlation with measurements of zinc in deciduous teeth. The ratio of Zn/Sr in deciduous teeth appears to be a biomarker of exposure to zinc nutrition during early development and offers promise for use as a record of prior exposure along a timeline for research studies and, potentially, to identify individuals at heightened risk of detrimental impacts of poor early life zinc nutrition on health in later life and to implement preventative interventions.
Robot and working tube-assisted invasion-controlled surgery for spinal metastases
Authors: Zhou Shangbin , Li Bo , Wang Pengru , Xu Meiling , Zhao Jian , Duan Shujie , Zhu Zhipeng , Xu Wei , Xiao Jianru 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveThis study aims to highlight the use of robots in surgery and that of tube-assisted minimally invasive surgery for spinal metastases, as well as elaborate on the concept of invasion-controlled surgery (ICS).Summary of backgroundMany patients with spinal metastasis cancer cannot afford serious complications when undergoing traditional open surgery because of their poor physical condition. Robots and minimally invasive technology have been introduced into the field of spine surgery and they have shown significant advantages.MethodsSix patients who underwent robot and working tube-assisted ICS for spinal metastases. Relevant demographic, medical, surgical, and postoperative data were collected from medical records and analyzed.ResultsMean operative time was 3.8 h and the mean length of the surgical incision was 4.9 cm. The mean estimated blood loss was 400 ml. The mean bedtime and hospital length of stay were 3.2 days and 6.5 days, respectively. No obvious complications were reported during treatment. The mean accuracy of screw placement was 98%. The mean time for further system treatment after surgery was 5.8 days. All patients experienced significant pain relief. The mean preoperative visual analog scale (VAS) was 7.83 points. The mean VAS at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after surgery were 2.83, 1.83, and 1.17 points, respectively. Frankel grade was improved in five of six patients. One patient preoperatively with Frankel grade D was the same postoperatively.ConclusionThe concept of ICS is suitable for patients with spinal metastases. Robot and working tube-assisted ICS for spinal metastases is one of the safest and most effective treatment methods.