bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Einstellung von Fachkräften aus den Heilberufen zum Thema
Extremismus und zu Behandlungsoptionen
Authors: Rau Thea , Heimgartner Anna , Mayer Sophia , Allroggen Marc 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Angesichts der Grausamkeit von Terrorakten und
extremistischen Gewalttaten ist es oft unvorstellbar, welche Motive solchen
zugrunde liegen. Analysen zu den Attentaten von Ansbach (2016), Halle (2019)
oder Hanau (2020) zeigten ein Bild von unterschiedlichen psychischen
Auffälligkeiten bei den Tätern, was die Notwendigkeit der
Einbindung von Heilberufen in die Extremismusprävention deutlich macht.
Vor diesem Hintergrund erscheint die Behandlung von Personen mit extremistischer
Einstellung entscheidend, damit negative Konsequenzen für die
Betroffenen, aber auch für die Gesellschaft verhindert werden
können.
Methoden Im Rahmen einer anonymen Online-Befragung wurden
Ärzt:innen und Psychologische Psychotherapeut:innen zu bisherigen
Erfahrungen, Einstellungen und Wünschen bezüglich der Behandlung
von Patient:innen mit extremistischer Einstellung befragt. Weiterhin wurden
Daten bezüglich der eigenen Tätigkeit erfasst.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt nahmen 364 Fachkräfte an der Studie teil,
davon sind 18% Ärzt:innen und 72% Psychologische
Psychotherapeut:innen. Rund 10% der Teilnehmenden sind Fachärzte
außerhalb psychiatrischer Fachrichtungen oder stammen aus anderen
Berufsgruppen. Lediglich ein Fünftel der Teilnehmenden gibt an, sich gut
ausgebildet für die Thematik zu fühlen. Etwa die Hälfte
der Befragten würde einen Therapieplatz anbieten, wenn über die
Patient:innen selbst entschieden werden kann, ebenso hat sich etwa die
Hälfte bereits einmal mit dem Thema Extremismus beschäftigt. Die
Mehrzahl sieht es als notwendig an, sich zukünftig stärker mit
dem Thema zu befassen und gibt einen Fortbildungsbedarf an. Die Analysen zeigen,
dass Ärzt:innen sich bisher etwas stärker mit dem Thema befasst
haben als jene mit psychologisch psychotherapeutischer Ausbildung und
Fachkräfte in niedergelassener Praxis eher einen Zusammenhang zwischen
Extremismus und psychischen Erkrankungen sehen als Fachkräfte in
Kliniken, jedoch weniger bereit wären, Patient:innen mit extremistischer
Einstellung einen Therapieplatz anzubieten.
Diskussion Ärzt:innen und Psychotherapeut:innen weisen einen
Fortbildungsbedarf hinsichtlich dem Thema Extremismus auf und sollten besser auf
die Herausforderungen einer Krankenbehandlung in diesem Zusammenhang vorbereitet
werden.
Schlussfolgerung Damit die Chancen auf eine adäquate Versorgung
von psychisch kranken Menschen mit extremistischer Einstellung erhöht
werden können, sollten zukünftig Angehörige von
Heilberufen, beispielsweise durch Fortbildungsangebote oder
Möglichkeiten der Kooperation, besser auf das Thema vorbereitet
werden.
Predicting procedure duration of colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection at Western endoscopy centers
Authors: Dang Hao , Dekkers Nik , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Baldaque-Silva Francisco , Omae Masami , Haasnoot Krijn J.C. , van Tilburg Laurelle , Nobbenhuis Kate , van der Kraan Jolein , Langers Alexandra M.J. , van Hooft Jeanin E. , de Graaf Wilmar , Koch Arjun D. , Didden Paul , Moons Leon M.G. , Hardwick James C.H. , Boonstra Jurjen J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims Overcoming logistical obstacles for the implementation of colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) requires accurate prediction of procedure times. We aimed to evaluate existing and new prediction models for ESD duration.
Patients and methods Records of all consecutive patients who underwent single, non-hybrid colorectal ESDs before 2020 at three Dutch centers were reviewed. The performance of an Eastern prediction model [GIE 2021;94(1):133–144] was assessed in the Dutch cohort. A prediction model for procedure duration was built using multivariable linear regression. The model’s performance was validated using internal validation by bootstrap resampling, internal-external cross-validation and external validation in an independent Swedish ESD cohort.
Results A total of 435 colorectal ESDs were analyzed (92% en bloc
resections, mean duration 139 minutes, mean tumor size 39 mm). The performance of current
unstandardized time scheduling practice was suboptimal (explained variance: R2=27%). We
successfully validated the Eastern prediction model for colorectal ESD duration <60 minutes
(c-statistic 0.70, 95% CI 0.62–0.77), but this model was limited due to dichotomization of the
outcome and a relatively low frequency (14%) of ESDs completed <60 minutes in the Dutch
centers. The model was more useful with a dichotomization cut-off of 120 minutes (c-statistic:
0.75; 88% and 17% of “easy” and “very difficult” ESDs completed <120 minutes,
respectively). To predict ESD duration as continuous outcome, we developed and validated the
six-variable cESD-TIME formula (https://cesdtimeformula.shinyapps.io/calculator/; optimism-corrected
R2=61%; R2=66% after recalibration of the slope).
Conclusions We provided two useful tools for predicting colorectal ESD duration at Western centers. Further improvements and validations are encouraged with potential local adaptation to optimize time planning.
Synthesis of Stable Neutral Homoaromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Teichert Johannes F. , Tran Ngoc Trung , van der Welle Jasper , Rüffer Tobias 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe report the synthesis of a variety of stable neutral homoaromatic molecules. The homoaromatic character is supported by bond length analysis (from crystal structure analysis data) and spectroscopic characteristics in NMR experiments. The influence of substitution on these homoannulenes is investigated and their reactivity with electrophiles is shown. First approaches to further functionalization via cross-coupling are demonstrated. The present work lays out a general approach to stable neutral homoaromatic hydrocarbon molecules.
An Alternative Formal Synthesis of (S)-(+)-Vigabatrin
Authors: Thorat Rakesh G. , Chaskar Sudhir P. , Honparkhe Ramchandra , Aghao Arvind K. , Pramanik Chinmoy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn improved synthesis of chirally pure advanced pyrrolidone intermediate of the (S)-(+)-vigabatrin, an antiseizure active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is reported. The synthesis is developed using commercially available, cheaper amino acid (R)-methionine. Meldrum’s acid served as a two-carbon homologation unit to access the pyrrolidone intermediate in a short synthetic sequence. The sequence to pyrrolidone intermediate is scalable and eludes the use of organometallic pyrophoric reagents on a large scale.
Gastroduodenal Intussusception Due to Gastric GIST Presenting with Melena
Authors: Jain Ajay Kumar , Sharda Sudesh , Jain Suchita , Singh Arun , Sircar Shohini , Bhagat Priyanka , Balar Tasvir 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntussusception rarely occurs among adult patients; however, gastroduodenal intussusception is the most infrequent form of intussusception in adults. Almost all these patients present with abdominal pain and vomiting with or without associated gastrointestinal bleed. But none of the patients reported in the literature have presented with gastrointestinal bleed alone. We report a case of gastroduodenal intussusception who presented with melena alone without abdominal pain and vomiting.
Risk Factors for Bleeding during Endoscopic Necrosectomy: Are We Wiser Now?
Authors: Sachan Anurag , Rana Surinder S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEndoscopic necrosectomy (EN) in acute necrotizing pancreatitis has mortality benefits and may avert the requirement for surgery. However, bleeding is a common adverse event during EN. There is limited knowledge about the risk factors predicting this adverse event and the measures for its management. In this news and views, we discuss recently published studies that evaluated the risk factors for bleeding during EN.
Understanding Why Homeopathic Medicines are Used for Menopause: Searching for Insights into Neuroendocrine Features
Authors: Macías-Cortés Emma 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background Menopause is a physiological event that marks the end of a woman's reproductive stage in life. Vasomotor symptoms and changes in mood are among its most important effects. Homeopathy has been used for many years in treating menopausal complaints, though clinical and pre-clinical research in this field is limited. Homeopathy often bases its prescription on neuropsychiatric symptoms, but it is unknown if homeopathic medicines (HMs) exert a neuroendocrine effect that causes an improvement in vasomotor symptoms and mood during menopause.
Objectives The study's objectives were to address the pathophysiological changes of menopause that could help in the understanding of the possible effect of HMs at a neuroendocrine level, to review the current evidence for two of the most frequently prescribed HMs for menopause (Lachesis mutus and Sepia officinalis), and to discuss the future directions of research in this field.
Methods An extensive literature search for the pathophysiologic events of menopause and depression, as well as for the current evidence for HMs in menopause and depression, was performed.
Results Neuroendocrine changes are involved in the pathophysiology of vasomotor symptoms and changes in mood during menopause. Gonadal hormones modulate neurotransmitter systems. Both play a role in mood disorders and temperature regulation. It has been demonstrated that Gelsemium sempervirens, Ignatia amara and Chamomilla matricaria exert anxiolytic effects in rodent models. Lachesis mutus and Sepia officinalis are frequently prescribed for important neuropsychiatric and vasomotor symptoms. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved in mood, is among the constituents of the ink of the common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis.
Conclusion Based on all the pathophysiologic events of menopause and the improvement in menopausal complaints that certain HMs show in daily practice, these medicines might have a direct or indirect neuroendocrine effect in the body, possibly triggered via an as-yet unidentified biological mechanism. Many unanswered questions in this field require further pre-clinical and clinical research.
Synthetic Tape Augmentation for Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Instability: Surgical Technique
Authors: Townsley Sarah , Kakar Sanjeev 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background Dorsal thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) instability can occur after traumatic injury and can lead to persistent pain and dysfunction of the hand. We present a case report of a joint-sparing technique for recurrent thumb CMC instability after failed Eaton–Littler procedure.
Case Description We describe a technique to repair the dorsal radial ligament and augment the repair with dorsal synthetic tape. To illustrate this technique, we describe a patient who underwent the synthetic tape augmentation procedure for recurrent thumb CMC instability after a failed Eaton–Littler reconstruction. Preoperative and postoperative grip strength, appositional pinch, oppositional pinch, radial abduction, palmar abduction, and postoperative quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) were recorded. At final follow-up 18 months after surgery, the patient had returned to manual work without any functional sequelae. The thumb CMC joint was stable and his postoperative QuickDASH score was 15.9.
Literature Review Thumb CMC instability has traditionally been treated with Eaton–Littler ligament reconstruction which uses a slip of flexor carpi radialis tendon to reconstruct the deficient ligaments. More recently, the importance of the dorsal radial ligament in joint stability has been recognized and new procedures have been described to reconstruct the dorsal radial ligament. To our knowledge, synthetic tape augmentation for thumb CMC instability has not yet been described for this pathology.
Clinical Relevance Synthetic tape augmentation for dorsal thumb CMC instability may be considered in the management of dorsal thumb CMC joint instability.
Opportunistic Fungal Invasion in COVID-19 Pandemic: A Critical Review in Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Bano Gulnaz , Malik Abdul , Rasool Yuman , Manzar Samrina , Singh Tarun , Maity Manish 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the culprit behind the pandemic across the globe in recent decades. Variants of SARS-CoV especially coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related fungus might not be identified or might be misdiagnosed on a worldwide scale. Patients of COVID-19 acquired invasive mycoses, especially if they are very ill or immunosuppressed. Clinical intervention based on various standard guidelines would be necessary to guarantee that Aspergillus and Candida-infected COVID-19 patients are adequately treated. To facilitate clinical professionals, doctors, paramedics, and laboratory staff in the treatment of various variants of COVID-19 patients with concurrent aspergillosis, candidiasis, mucormycosis, or cryptococcosis, a tabulation format is drafted in this study. We believe it is prudent to take into account the general nature, and variety of the mycosis that is arriving, the strength and limits of the diagnostic tools, clinical conditions, and the need for standardized or customized therapy in various coronavirus-infected patients.
Impact of Preoperative Neuropraxia on Surgical Duration Following Pediatric Supracondylar Fracture of the Humerus: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Alayed Yazeed , Alrashedan Bander S. , Almisfer Sultan K. , Aldossari Ali M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background Supracondylar fractures of the humerus (SCFHs) are the most common type of elbow fracture in children. Because of the influence on functional outcome, neuropraxia is one of the most common concerns at presentation. The impact of preoperative neuropraxia on surgery duration is not extensively probed. The clinical implications of several other risk factors associated with preoperative neuropraxia at presentation may contribute to longer surgical duration of SCFH.
Hypothesis Preoperative neuropraxia is likely to increase surgery duration in patients who sustained SCFH.
Patients and Methods This is a retrospective cohort analysis. Sixty-six patients who sustained surgical pediatric supracondylar humerus fracture were included in the study. Baseline characteristics including age, gender, the type of fracture according to Gartland classification, mechanism of injury, patient weight, side of injury, and associated nerve injury were included in the study. Logistic regression analysis was performed using mean surgery duration as the main dependent variable and age, gender, fracture type according to the mechanism of injury, Gartland classification, injured arm, vascular status, time from presentation to surgery, weight, type of surgery, medial K-wire use, and afterhours surgery as the independent variables. A follow-up of 1 year was implemented.
Result The overall preoperative neuropraxia rate was 9.1%. The mean surgery duration was 57.6 ± 5.6 minutes. The mean duration of closed reduction and percutaneous pinning surgeries was 48.5 ± 5.3 minutes, whereas the mean duration of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) surgeries was 129.3 ± 15.1 minutes. Preoperative neuropraxia was associated with an overall increase in the surgery duration (p < 0.017). Bivariate binary regression analysis showed a significant correlation between the increase of surgery duration and flexion-type fracture (odds ratio = 11, p < 0.038) as well as ORIF (odds ratio = 26.2, p < 0.001).
Conclusion Preoperative neuropraxia and flexion-type fractures convey a potential longer surgical duration in pediatric supracondylar fracture.
Level of Evidence Prognostic III.
Kamaraj plan: a perspective from Kashmir
Authors: Mir Abdul Haseeb 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe nature of politics in Jammu & Kashmir, post-1947, primarily draws its character from three key events. The dismissal of Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah in 1953 was the first one, and the launch of Muslim Mutahida Mahaz, an amalgamation of different pro-freedom factions in 1987 was the second. The third one, which forms the moot of this study, the failure of the Kamaraj Plan in 1963, had all it was needed to stimulate the shift in the movement of ‘Self-determination’. It severely cut the movement from its hitherto structural apparatus and allowed new groups to lead the movement. Because of reasons contested, the first two events garnered substantial attention from scholars and political scientists; however the Kamaraj Plan, because it had to witness failure in its designs, had to suffer negligence. It is to fill this gap, the present study aims to probe into the socio-political history of Jammu and Kashmir, arguing that the crisis ignited by Hazratbal relic theft had strong roots in the failure of this plan, with codifying religion in the very bracket of the Kashmir imbroglio. The paper employs Historical institutionalism’s concept of exogenous shocks and policy changes in the system and presents Kamaraj Plan as a ‘Critical Juncture’, which shifted the politics in Jammu and Kashmir in a particular direction.
A flexible and efficient hybrid agricultural subsidy design for promoting food security and safety
Authors: Chen You-hua , Zhang Zhuang , Mishra Ashok K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe quantity and quality of edible agricultural products are critical for food security (quantity) and safety (quality). Supplying consumers with enough safe food is the key responsibility of food production firms. Still, this aim is not always guaranteed because of input capacity constraints and other limitations in the agricultural sector. A hybrid subsidy, a mix of quantity and quality subsidy, could help achieve food security and safety in a country its flexibility. However, the advantages of the hybrid have not been fully investigated. Thus, this paper designs a hybrid subsidy for edible agricultural products by considering cost uncertainties and input resource constraints. All conclusions are obtained by theoretical mathematical analysis. (1) equilibrium solutions under different conditions—cost uncertainties and input constraints—are obtained, and comparative analyses is offered. (2) the results show that the hybrid subsidy is convenient in the trade-off between food quantity and quality, which means a hybrid subsidy policy design is flexible and efficient for food security and safety. (3) cost uncertainties and input resource constraints have significant impacts on the efficiency of the hybrid subsidy. Findings show that the hybrid subsidy is ideal for supporting edible agricultural products. Additionally, we argue that cost uncertainties and input constraints should be considered when making policy efficiency evaluations. This study has a novel contribution to agricultural support policy design.
Elevation and fog-cloud similarity in Tibeto-Burman languages
Authors: Ding Hongdi , Dong Sicong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLexically, 52.99% of the Tibeto-Burman languages, the non-Sinitic branches of the Sino-Tibetan language family, treat fog as something identical or similar to cloud, based on our database of 234 Tibeto-Burman varieties; there are three lexical relations of such fog-cloud similarity in Tibeto-Burman languages, namely cloud colexified with fog, cloud as a hypernym of fog, and cloud as a formative of fog. The rest of the Tibeto-Burman languages use semantically disconnected words to describe fog and cloud. The high proportion of fog-cloud similarity in Tibeto-Burman languages, compared with that of the non-Tibeto-Burman languages spoken alongside the Trans-Himalayan region (i.e., 10.80%, a result based on our database of 213 non-Tibeto-Burman varieties), has its historical reason, namely the relics of Proto-Tibeto-Burman. However, other than the phylogenetic factors, an underlying reason can be attributed to the environmental influence. The present findings indicate that fog-cloud similarity is more likely to happen at higher elevations, particularly between the range of 1000 m to 3000 m above sea level. After reviewing the meteorological features, it is found that the Tibeto-Burman region has ideal conditions for the formation of low cloud, namely with high humidity and through orographic uplift due to the mountainous environment. Since Tibeto-Burman speakers live in high elevations, low cloud, the dominant cloud of the region, may surround them or beneath their view. Therefore, they may find it difficult or not necessary to distinguish fog from low cloud. Our conclusion is also supported by the languages of other families and regions, such as the Daghestanian languages of the Caucasus region and the languages of the Central Andes. Moreover, the present findings agree with the theory of efficient communication. That is, languages displaying fog-cloud similarity are adaptive to higher elevations with less communicative need to distinguish between the two concepts by using completely different and unrelated linguistic forms; on the contrary, languages displaying fog-cloud divergence have stronger need to do so, resulting as well from their adaptation to the extra-linguistic environment. Finally, tropical climates, another possible predictor for fog-cloud similarity, are identified as a future research direction.
Inclusion of Egyptian clover improves the value of sorghum-based cropping systems
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Dixit Anoop Kumar , Singh Tejveer , Choudhary Mukesh , Kantwa Sita Ram 
Published: July 2023

Context In developing countries there is a preference to grow food crops rather than forage. However, suitable food–fodder based systems ensure year-round green fodder availability for profitable livestock production. Aims This study aimed to determine whether including single cut Egyptian clover (SEC) in the existing cropping systems could improve system productivity, forage availability and economic returns. Method Nine SEC based cropping systems were tested in a randomised complete block design with three replications. Key results Sorghum–SEC–wheat (late sown) cropping system produced 18% greater wheat equivalent yield compared with a popularly adopted sorghum–wheat system (8.9 Mg ha−1). The water productivity (1.80 kg m−3) of this system was also improved in the sorghum–multi-cut Egyptian clover system (1.74 kg m−3). There was a marginal increase in dry matter yield and crude protein content of the succeeding sorghum crop when it was rotated with Egyptian clover. The inclusion of Egyptian clover also improved the soil organic carbon (23%) and available nitrogen (15%) compared with cereal–cereal systems. The findings identify a sustainable intensification option in the sorghum-based cropping system with short duration Egyptian clover (single cut) as an economically feasible and ecologically effective approach. Conclusion Integration of single cut Egyptian clover in sorghum–wheat rotation as a catch crop recorded greater system productivity, water-use efficiency and economic returns to achieve the sustainable crop intensification. Implication The SEC can be an effective option for diversification and intensification of cropping systems to improve fodder availability, yield, boost income and improve soil health.