bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Processes of Spatial Stratification: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Dmitrzak Dominika 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this scoping review is to understand what is known and theorised about the processes of spatial stratification.IntroductionRegional inequalities, commonly termed the North-South divide, have been an feature in England for years(1). Whilst there is research on the different areas affected, these include, but not limited to, income(2), education(3), and health(4), there is a lack of research on the processes that lead to the differentiation of regions, in other words, on spatial stratification. The aim of this scoping review is, therefore, to identify and synthesise what is known about the processes and factors involved in spatial stratification, bringing together research from separate fields such as economics, sociology, and geography.EligibilityCriteriaIn line with standard scoping review approaches, Population, Concept, Context (PCC)(5) will be used as a guide for eligibility. Population: anyone; Concept: spatial or socio-spatial stratification; Context: any country, any level. Articles and papers written in English, published after 1970, and meeting the inclusion criteria outlines will be included in the review.MethodsSearches will be conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, JSTOR, Embase, and ProQuest Social Science Premium Collection. The time frame for the searches will be set from 1970 onwards. All titles and abstracts will be screened against the inclusion criteria in Rayyan. Reference lists of all eligible papers will be searched for further relevant literature. Full-text versions of eligible literature will be reviewed and data relating to theories, concepts, and where relevant, findings, will be extracted. Papers meeting the inclusion criteria will be tabulated, grouped thematically, and written up to form a narrative describing what is currently known and theorised about the processes that lead to spatial stratification.
SU(3)F
sum rules for
CP
asymmetries of
D(s)
decays
Authors: Iguro Syuhei , Nierste Ulrich , Overduin Emil , Schüßler Maurice 
Published: February 2025

Charge-parity (CP) asymmetries in charm decays are extremely suppressed in the Standard Model and may well be dominated by new-physics contributions. The LHCb Collaboration reported the results of direct CP asymmetry measurements in D0→K+K− and D0→π+π− decays with unprecedented accuracy: aCP(K+K−)=(7.7±5.7)×10−4 and aCP(π+π−)=(23.2±6.1)×10−4, with the latter quantity inferred from the precise measurement of ΔaCP=aCP(K+K−)−aCP(π+π−)=(−15.7±2.9)×10−4. When interpreted within the Standard Model, these values indicate a breakdown of the approximate U-spin symmetry of QCD. If, however, this symmetry holds and the data stem from new physics, other CP asymmetries should be enhanced as well. We derive CP asymmetry sum rules based on SU(3) flavor symmetry for D meson decays into a pair of pseudoscalar mesons as well as a pair of a pseudoscalar and a vector meson for two generic scenarios, with ΔU=0 and |ΔU|=1 interactions, respectively. The correlations implied by the sum rules can be used to check the consistency between different measurements and to discriminate between these scenarios with future data. For instance, we find aCP(π+K*0)+aCP(K+K¯*0)=0 for ΔU=0 new physics and the opposite relative sign for the |ΔU|=1 case. One sum rule, connecting four decay modes, holds in both scenarios. We further extend our sum rules to certain differences of CP asymmetries from which the D production asymmetries drop out.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Leptonic
CP
violation in the sneutrino sector of the BLSSM with an inverse seesaw mechanism
Authors: Basu Arindam , Chakraborty Amit , Liu Yi , Moretti Stefano , Waltari Harri 
Published: February 2025

We study CP violation (CPV) in the sneutrino sector within the B-L extension of the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model, wherein an inverse seesaw mechanism has been implemented. CPV arises from the new superpotential couplings in the (s)neutrino sector, which can be complex and the mixing of CP eigenstates induced by those couplings. CPV leads to asymmetries in so-called T-odd observables, but we argue that such asymmetries also lead to a wider distribution of those observables. We look at a final state where a sneutrino decays to a lepton, two jets, and missing transverse momentum at the Future Circular Collider operating in hadron-hadron mode at 100 TeV and with a luminosity of 3  ab−1. In order to exclude the CP conserving scenario we need to improve traditional analysis by introducing boosted decision trees using both standard kinematic variables and T-odd observables and we need Z′ boson not too much above current bounds as a portal to produce sneutrinos efficiently.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Impact of LHC precision measurements of inclusive jet and dijet production on the CTEQ-TEA global PDF fit
Authors: Ablat Alim , Dulat Sayipjamal , Hou Tie-Jiun , Huston Joey , Nadolsky Pavel , Sitiwaldi Ibrahim , Xie Keping , Yuan C.-P. ,   CTEQ-TEA Collaboration
Published: February 2025

In this study, we investigate the impact of new Large Hadron Collider (LHC) inclusive jet and dijet measurements on parton distribution functions (PDFs) that describe the proton structure, with a particular focus on the gluon distribution at large momentum fraction, x, and the corresponding partonic luminosities. We assess constraints from these datasets using next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) theoretical predictions, accounting for a range of uncertainties from scale dependence and numerical integration. From the scale choices available for the calculations, our analysis shows that the central predictions for inclusive jet production show a smaller scale dependence than dijet production. We examine the relative constraints on the gluon distribution provided by the inclusive jet and dijet distributions, and also explore the phenomenological implications for inclusive H, tt¯, and tt¯H production at the LHC at 14 TeV.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Following marginal stability manifolds in quasilinear dynamical reductions of multiscale flows in two space dimensions
Authors: Ferraro Alessia , Chini Gregory P. , Schneider T. M. 
Published: February 2025

We derive a two-dimensional (2D) extension of a recently developed formalism for slow-fast quasilinear (QL) systems subject to fast instabilities. The emergent dynamics of these systems is characterized by a slow evolution of (suitably defined) mean fields coupled to marginally stable, fast fluctuation fields. By exploiting this scale separation, an efficient hybrid fast-eigenvalue/slow-initial-value solution algorithm can be developed in which the amplitude of the fast fluctuations is slaved to the slowly evolving mean fields to ensure marginal stability—and temporal scale separation—is maintained. For 2D systems, the fluctuation eigenfunctions are labeled by their Fourier wave numbers characterizing spatial variability in that extended spatial direction, and the marginal mode(s) must coincide with the fastest-growing mode(s) over all admissible Fourier wave numbers. Here we derive an ordinary differential equation governing the slow evolution of the wave number of the fastest-growing fluctuation mode that simultaneously must be slaved to the mean dynamics to ensure the mode has zero growth rate. We illustrate the procedure in the context of a 2D model partial differential equation that shares certain attributes with the equations governing strongly stratified shear flows and other strongly constrained forms of geophysical turbulence in extreme parameter regimes. The slaved evolution follows one or more marginal stability manifolds, which constitute select state-space structures that are not invariant under the full flow dynamics yet capture quasicoherent structures in physical space in a manner analogous to invariant solutions identified in, e.g., transitionally turbulent shear flows. Accordingly, we propose that marginal stability manifolds are central organizing structures in a dynamical systems description of certain classes of multiscale flows in which scale separation justifies a QL approximation of the dynamics.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Evaluating container terminal competitiveness in the Hamburg – Le Havre range
Authors: Martinez-Moya Julian , Vanelslander Thierry , Feo-Valero María , Sala-Garrido Ramón 
Published: February 2025

PurposeThe present research aims to develop a Terminal Competitiveness Index (TCI) applied to the container terminals located in the Hamburg – Le Havre range, which is an area characterised for its intense container activity. The main components of the TPCI are productivity, foreland connectivity and infrastructure.Design/methodology/approachTo construct the index, the Benefit-of-the-Doubt and the Common Set of Weights methods in Data Envelopment Analysis are used to obtain a common weighting scheme for the evaluation of container terminals.FindingsResults show that connectivity and terminal efficiency are the most important factors for terminal competitiveness. The TCI has identified that APM Terminals Maavslakte II (Rotterdam), ECT Delta (Rotterdam) and MPET (Antwerp) turned out with the highest competitiveness score.Originality/valueContainer terminals play a key role in today’s marketplace since they are the main infrastructure responsible for loading and unloading the containers full of intermediate and final goods. Therefore, the competitiveness of such terminals is crucial for shipping lines and importing and exporting companies, influencing their cost and schedule reliability. However, there is scarce literature studying the competitiveness of container terminals, since the focus to date has been on ports as units of analysis. The terminal-approach used allows the analysis of the competitiveness of terminals belonging to different ports, but also between those located in the same port.
Co‐Existence Slows Diversification in Experimental Populations of E. coli and P. fluorescens
Authors: Howells Gareth , Sezmis Aysha L. , Blake Christopher , McDonald Michael J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMicrobes grown in heterogeneous laboratory environments can rapidly diversify into multiple, coexisting variants. While the genetic and evolutionary mechanisms of laboratory adaptive radiations are well studied, how the presence of other species alters the outcomes of diversification is less well understood. To test the effect of co‐culture growth on the Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 adaptive radiation, Escherichia coli and P. fluorescens were cultured in monoculture and co‐culture for 8 weeks. In P. fluorescens monoculture, Wrinkly and Smooth Spreader types rapidly evolved and were maintained over 8 weeks, while E. coli monocultures evolved two colony types, a big and a small colony variant. In contrast, we found that in co‐culture, E. coli did not evolve small colony variants. Whole genome sequencing revealed the genetic basis of possible co‐culture specific adaptations in both E. coli and P. fluorescens. Altogether, our data support that the presence of multiple species changed the outcome of adaptive radiation.
Immunoassay Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 Using Monoclonal Antibody Binding to Viral Nucleocapsid Protein
Authors: Hnasko Robert M. , Lin Alice V. , McGarvey Jeffery A. , Jackson Eric S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTImmunoassays represent sensitive, easy‐to‐use, and cost‐effective tests useful for the detection of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. In this manuscript, we report on the binding specificity of a pair of novel monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) generated against the SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein (NP) and their development into sensitive sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (sELISA) and a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA). Binding of these MAbs to hCoVs is limited to variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 and SARS‐CoV NP. Chemiluminescent and absorbance spectroscopy sELISAs report a limit of detection (LOD) for the SARS‐CoV‐2 B.1.1.529 NP variant at 15 pg/mL, and the LFIA using a red‐dyed 200 nm particle at 10 ng/mL. The sELISA exhibits broad SARS‐CoV‐2 viral variant detection with assay LOD for SARS‐CoV‐2 B.1.1.529 virus at 1.4 × 105 genome copies per mL (p ≤ 0.001). The availability of these MAbs should facilitate continued investment in the commercial development of immunoassays to increase global SARS‐CoV‐2 detection technologies.
Investigation of the printability of ethyl 2‐[4‐(1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2(3H)‐thion‐5‐yl)phenylhydrazono]‐3‐oxobutyrate on coated and uncoated papers
Authors: Akgül Ahmet , Küçükgüzel Ş. Güniz , Oktav Mehmet , Rollas Sevim 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThere is a growing demand in the printing industry for pigment‐based inks with excellent lightfastness and rub resistance qualities. In this work, a novel ink with the formulation ethyl 2‐[4‐(1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2(3H)‐thione‐5‐yl)phenylhydrazono]‐3‐oxobutyrate (OXKT) was prepared as a pigment and its printability was investigated for use in printing. The OXKT was synthesised, characterised then printed on uncoated and gloss‐coated papers and Bristol cardboard. Physical tests and spectrophotometric measurements were carried out to determine the technical characteristics of the printed ink. Additionally, print quality, ink density and gloss were evaluated. The results showed that the proposed ink with the OXKT compound had acceptable rub resistance. Also, the gloss and light fastness values exceeded the acceptable rates for the printing industry because of their colour differences. However, more research needs to be conducted to improve light performance. Nevertheless, it is still possible for use in applications that do not stipulate strict light fastness values.
Alcohol use in Iraq: Perceptions of interviewed students at three Iraqi universities
Authors: Al Ansari Mustafa , Dawson Angela , AbdulZahra Mohammed S. , Conigrave Katherine M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionIraq has faced decades of conflict and increased exposure to alcohol use. While the majority (60%) of Iraq's population is under the age of 24, there is no research examining their views on alcohol use and related factors. This study explores how the individual, interpersonal and social contexts of university students may influence their experiences and perceptions of alcohol use.MethodsWe undertook a qualitative study underpinned by a socio‐ecological framework and the alcohol use motivational model. Forty students from 11 disciplines at three universities across Iraq were interviewed (45% female). Interviews were conducted in English (n = 3) or Arabic (n = 37). Template analysis was used to examine the data.ResultsPerceptions of the prevalence of alcohol use varied among participants. Perceived motives for drinking included using alcohol to cope with grief, loss, poverty and unemployment; as well as peer pressure, thrill‐seeking and social approval. Abstinence was perceived to be associated with knowledge of the adverse effects of alcohol and a commitment to faith. Students reported alcohol use as a clandestine activity. Students suggested education, open communication and employment opportunities as preventative strategies.Discussion and ConclusionThis is the first study to explore young Iraqi perceptions and experiences of peers' alcohol use in the current context of conflict, political instability and globalisation. Young Iraqis are a vulnerable population who may be at risk of alcohol‐related harm. Iraq should consider multidimensional preventive approaches that include evidence‐based and culturally appropriate interventions that reflect young people's real‐life experiences and challenges.
A Systematic Review on the Prevalence of Tick‐Borne Encephalitis Virus in Milk and Milk Products in Europe
Authors: Tomassone Laura , Martello Elisa , Mannelli Alessandro , Vicentini Aurora , Gossner Céline M. , Leonardi‐Bee Jo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundTick‐borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is one of the most significant zoonotic diseases in Europe. It primarily spreads through the bites of infected ticks and, less frequently, through consumption of raw milk and dairy products from viremic domestic ruminants.AimsAssess the prevalence of TBEV or anti‐TBEV antibodies in milk and milk products from domestic ruminants in Europe.Materials and MethodsSystematic literature review adhering to the JBI methodology, and reported following the PRISMA framework.ResultsFrom the 16 included scientific articles, we extracted 35 data collections (31 on raw milk and 4 on raw milk cheese); studies focused on cow (n = 15), goat (n = 11) and sheep milk (n = 5), goat (n = 3) and cow/goat cheese (n = 1). Fifteen data collections involved individual milk and 16 bulk milk samples. The estimated prevalence of TBEV in individual raw milk and cheese was 6% and 3%, respectively. TBEV prevalence in bulk milk was very heterogeneous, with most values either 0% or 100%.DiscussionAlthough published research on TBEV transmission to humans through milk and dairy products in the EU countries is limited, our results highlight the potential infection risk for consumers. The variable prevalence reported in the studies may reflect the focal nature of TBEV.ConclusionStudies on unpasteurised dairy products from domestic ruminants can be valuable for the detection of TBEV presence in a geographic area, even when human cases are not reported. Thanks to the ease of sample collection, their testing could be adopted in monitoring plans on TBEV.
Oversized total talar prosthesis enhances the ankle stability after total talus replacement by finite element analysis
Authors: Li Hao , Xie Haitao , Kang Shujing , Xu Kuixue , Xie Meiming , Xie Haiqiong , Cai Xu , Wei Kai 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Total talar replacement (TTR) with an additively manufactured personalized total talar prosthesis (TTP) is an emerging treatment for ankle disorders. However, how to enhance the ankle stability after TTR, which usually raises the ankle instability, has not been explored. this study constructed a set of specific numerical models to investigate the effects of TTR and oversized TTPs on the ankle stability, including inversion, eversion, and anterior stability. The oversized TTPs include TTP-FP1.5 and TTP-FP3 scaled the identical TTP0 by 1.5% and 3.0% along the frontal axis, and TTP-VP1.5 and TTP-VP3 scaled TTP0 by 1.5% and 3.0% along the vertical axis. The numerical results identify that under varus/valgus force, the TTP-FP1.5 and TTP-FP3 produce smaller talar tilt angles compared with that of TTP0, as the inversion and eversion stability are significantly enhanced. Furthermore, TTP-VP1.5 and TTP-VP3 can provide larger contact force to the tibia, providing better anterior stability under anterior drawer force. Additionally, the increased contact force of TTP-VP1.5 and TTP-VP3 with the tibial cartilage enhances the eversion stability. Besides, the increase of TTP size along the vertical axis will weaken the inversion stability under low loads, as this scaling might have compromised the stability of the subtalar joint. The present numerical study systematically investigates the effect of different ways of increasing TTP size on ankle stability after TTP.
A REVIEW OF SECONDARY COMBUSTION ON TURBINE BLADE COOLING
Authors: Ngwenya Tinashe , Nava Antonino , Ireland Peter 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Film cooling is used extensively to cool the hot surfaces and extend the life of the gas turbine's hot end components. In some modern and future engines, the average turbine inlet temperature (TIT) is increased to about 2,400K and the length of the combustor is reduced. The TIT is increased to improve the thermal efficiency while the combustor is shortened to increase the thrust-to-weight ratio. Both developments are meant to reduce the fuel and operational costs of the power plant. Increasing TIT to above 1,850K CO2 dissociation starts to compete with CO oxidation. Shortening the combustor reduces the fuel residence time and increases the likelihood of UHCs entering the turbine. When CO and UHCs enter the turbine, they could react with the cooling air, potentially increasing the blade metal temperature. An increase of about 30K can reduce the blade life by half: secondary combustion of reactive species entering the turbine section could lead to serious durability concerns. In a review of the literature, it was found that an estimated 10% of fuel energy is available for combustion in the turbine section and a maximum heat flux augmentation of 18% due to secondary combustion occurs. Secondary combustion in the turbine components is reviewed through a discussion of the analysis of reactive film cooling, developments driving the need to develop an in-depth understanding of reactive film cooling, scaling of reaction kinetics and heat release potential, performance of cooling hole geometries and configurations and mitigation strategies.
Exploring the structure and assembly of seagrass microbial communities in rhizosphere and phyllosphere
Authors: Li Xinqi , Wang Hongzhen , Zang Yu , Xue Song , Xin Jiayi , Liu Lei , Tang Xuexi , Chen Jun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Microbial community assembly and interactions are pivotal research areas within microbial ecology, yet relevant studies in seagrass rhizospheres and phyllosphere remain relatively scarce. In this study, we utilized high-throughput sequencing technology to investigate the microbial communities in different periods and microhabitats (rhizosphere and phyllosphere) of two seagrass species (
Zostera marina
and
Phyllospadix iwatensis
). Our findings suggest that microhabitats have a more pronounced impact on the composition of seagrass-associated microbial communities compared to periods and species. Further investigations reveal that the phyllosphere microbial community exhibits a more intricate co-occurrence network and interactions than the rhizosphere microbial community. Keystone taxa show distinct functional roles in different microhabitats of seagrasses. Additionally, we observed that differences in seagrass microhabitats influence community assembly, with the rhizosphere microbial community being more influenced by deterministic processes (heterogeneous selection) compared to the phyllosphere. These findings contribute to our understanding of the intricate interactions between seagrasses and their associated microbial communities, providing valuable insights into their distribution patterns and microhabitat preferences.

IMPORTANCE
Studying the community structure and assembly of different microhabitats in seagrass beds contributes to revealing the complexity and dynamic processes of seagrass ecosystems. In the rhizosphere microhabitat of seagrasses, microbial communities may assist in disease resistance or enhance nutrient uptake efficiency in seagrasses. On the other hand, in the microhabitat on the surface of seagrass blades, microorganisms may be closely associated with the physiological functions and nutrient cycling of seagrass blades. Therefore, understanding the structure and assembly mechanisms of rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbial communities is crucial for exploring the interactions between seagrass and microbial communities, as well as for enhancing our comprehension of the stability and resilience of seagrass bed ecosystems.