bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land use impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program: An analysis of rejected offers
Authors: Rosenberg Andrew B. , Pratt Bryan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Conservation Reserve Program is the largest agricultural land retirement program in the United States, with more enrolled acreage entering the program through a competitive auction called the General Signup than any other component. In this study, we assess the land use impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program by observing the land use decisions of parcels following the 2016 General Signup. We estimate land use impacts using a regression discontinuity design based on the Environmental Benefits Index, the program's selection and ranking mechanism. Our estimates largely rely on the auction design of the General Signup, such that we observe the land use decisions of rejected offers. We also use information on the rental rates of these offers to understand what the program pays to retire land in different uses. We estimate that a marginal acre of land enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program replaces 0.30 acres in cropland, 0.25 acres in mixed forage, 0.32 acres in grassland, 0.12 acres in idle or fallow land, and 0.01 acres in timberland. We also find that enrollments from newly offered fields are more likely to displace cropland and less likely to displace grassland than returning fields. Consequently, we estimate that new enrollments lead to 47% greater reductions in water‐driven erosion and 12% greater reductions in wind‐driven erosion, compared to fields with prior enrollment.
Non‐theatre emergency airway management: a multicentre prospective observational study
Authors: Gibson J. , Leckie T. , Hayward J. , Hodgson L. ,   the South East Anaesthetic Research Chain
Published: August 2023

SummaryEmergency airway management events are common, unpredictable and associated with high complication rates. This multicentre prospective observational study across eight acute NHS hospitals in southeast England reports the incidence and nature of non‐theatre emergency airway management events. Data were collected from non‐theatre emergency airway management, including adverse events, over a continuous 28‐day window, and recorded on an electronic case report form. Events were classified according to type (advanced airway; simple airway; and cardiac arrest). A total of 166 events were recorded, with 111 advanced airway events involving tracheal intubation or tracheostomy management. Senior personnel with three or more years of airway management experience were present for 105/111 (95%) advanced airway management episodes. There was a significant reduction in consultant or equivalent presence out‐of‐hours (21/64, 33%) vs. in‐hours (34/47, 72%) (p < 0.001). We found high utilisation of videolaryngoscopy (95/106, 90%) and universal use of capnography for all advanced airway management events. This was lower during cardiac arrest when videolaryngoscopy was used in 11/16 (69%) of tracheal intubations and capnography in 21/32 (66%) of all cardiac arrest episodes. Adverse outcomes during advanced airway management (excluding during cardiac arrest) occurred in 53/111 (48%) episodes, including hypoxia (desaturation to SpO2 < 80% in 14/111, 13%) and hypotension (systolic blood pressure < 80 mmHg in 27/111, 25%). Adverse outcomes were not associated with time of day or experience level of airway practitioners. We conclude that there is a disparity between consultant presence for advanced airway interventions in‐ and out‐of‐hours; high utilisation of videolaryngoscopy and capnography, especially for advanced airway interventions; and a high incidence of hypotension and hypoxaemia, including critical values, during non‐theatre airway management.
Predicting stroke and mortality in mitral stenosis with atrial flutter: A machine learning approach
Authors: Rauf Amer , Ullah Asif , Rathi Usha , Ashfaq Zainab , Ullah Hidayat , Ashraf Amna , Kumar Jateesh , Faraz Maria , Akhtar Waheed , Mehmoodi Amin , Malik Jahanzeb 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundOur study hypothesized that an intelligent gradient boosting machine (GBM) model can predict cerebrovascular events and all‐cause mortality in mitral stenosis (MS) with atrial flutter (AFL) by recognizing comorbidities, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters.MethodsThe machine learning model was used as a statistical analyzer in recognizing the key risk factors and high‐risk features with either outcome of cerebrovascular events or mortality.ResultsA total of 2184 patients with their chart data and imaging studies were included and the GBM analysis demonstrated mitral valve area (MVA), right ventricular systolic pressure, pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, and surgery as the most significant predictors of transient ischemic attack (TIA/stroke). MVA, PAP, LVEF, creatinine, hemoglobin, and diastolic blood pressure were predictors for all‐cause mortality.ConclusionThe GBM model assimilates clinical data from all diagnostic modalities and significantly improves risk prediction performance and identification of key variables for the outcome of MS with AFL.
Experiencing Harpa: Revelatory architecture and the spatial encounter
Authors: Thilmany Drew Nathan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDrawing on Heidegger’s The Origin of the Work of Art and Art and Space, this article explores how people experience Harpa, a world‐renown work of architectural art. Following partners from Henning Larsen Architects, the firm responsible for supervising the design process with the artist Olafur Eliasson, I trace the impact of spatial experience from architectural experts to people struggling to articulate their encounter, unpacking links between Harpa and the quiet transformation of tourists, the stacking of stones, and the performance of art in a space that is widely regarded as a work of art in its own right. Folding Heidegger through Harpa, the text explores art as a non‐representational way of approaching phenomena that evade other forms of understanding, opening a space of revelation: an immeasurable distance in which the transcendent interconnectedness world and earth step forward.
The efficacy of hybrid neuroprostheses in the rehabilitation of upper limb impairment after stroke, a narrative and systematic review with a meta‐analysis
Authors: Höhler Chiara , Trigili Emilio , Astarita Davide , Hermsdörfer Joachim , Jahn Klaus , Krewer Carmen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundParesis of the upper limb (UL) is the most frequent impairment after a stroke. Hybrid neuroprostheses, i.e., the combination of robots and electrical stimulation, have emerged as an option to treat these impairments.MethodsTo give an overview of existing devices, their features, and how they are linked to clinical metrics, four different databases were systematically searched for studies on hybrid neuroprostheses for UL rehabilitation after stroke. The evidence on the efficacy of hybrid therapies was synthesized.ResultsSeventy‐three studies were identified, introducing 32 hybrid systems. Among the most recent devices (n = 20), most actively reinforce movement (3 passively) and are typical exoskeletons (3 end‐effectors). If classified according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, systems for proximal support are expected to affect body structures and functions, while the activity and participation level are targeted when applying Functional Electrical Stimulation distally plus the robotic component proximally. The meta‐analysis reveals a significant positive effect on UL functions (p < 0.001), evident in a 7.8‐point Mdiff between groups in the Fugl–Meyer assessment. This positive effect remains at the 3‐month follow‐up (Mdiff = 8.4, p < 0.001).ConclusionsHybrid neuroprostheses have a positive effect on UL recovery after stroke, with effects persisting at least three months after the intervention. Non‐significant studies were those with the shortest intervention periods and the oldest patients. Improvements in UL functions are not only present in the subacute phase after stroke but also in long‐term chronic stages. In addition to further technical development, more RCTs are needed to make assumptions about the determinants of successful therapy.
Viability assessment of livers donated after circulatory determination of death during normothermic regional perfusion
Authors: Steinberg Irene , Patrono Damiano , De Cesaris Enrico , Lucà Michele , Catalano Giorgia , Marro Matteo , Rizza Giorgia , Simonato Erika , Brazzi Luca , Romagnoli Renato , Zanierato Marinella 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAbdominal normothermic regional perfusion (A‐NRP) allows in‐situ reperfusion and recovery of abdominal organs metabolism in donors after circulatory death (DCD). Besides improving liver transplantation outcomes, liver injury and function can be assessed during A‐NRP.MethodsTo refine liver viability assessment during A‐NRP, prospectively collected data of controlled DCD donors managed at our Institution between October 2019 and May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Baseline characteristics, procedural variables and A‐NRP parameters of donors whose liver was successfully transplanted were compared to those of donors whose liver was discarded.ResultsTwenty‐seven donors were included and in 20 (74%) the liver was accepted (positive outcome). No differences between study groups were observed concerning baseline characteristics and warm ischemia times (WIT). Initial lactate levels were positively correlated with functional WIT (r2 = 0.4, p = 0.04), whereas transaminase levels were not. Blood flow during A‐NRP was comparable, whereas oxygen consumption (VO2) was significantly higher in the positive outcome group after 1 h. Time courses of lactate, AST and ALT were significantly different between study groups (p < 0.001). Donors whose liver was accepted showed faster lactate clearance, a difference which was amplified by normalizing lactate clearance to oxygen delivery (DO2) and VO2. Lactate clearance was correlated to transaminase levels and DO2‐normalized lactate clearance was the parameter best discriminating between study groups.ConclusionsDO2‐normalized lactate clearance may represent an element of liver viability assessment during A‐NRP.
How do changes in household economic conditions affect cognitive function?
Authors: Ishikawa Yumi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study examines the effects of changes in household economic conditions on cognitive function using individual panel data from the National Survey of the Japanese Elderly. This study captures the objective and subjective economic conditions and examines which aspects of economic conditions affect cognitive function. The results demonstrate that deterioration in economic conditions damages cognitive function. In particular, objective economic conditions measured by income affect the cognitive function of Japanese men. This study also assesses possible pathways through which economic conditions affect cognitive function.
Effects of long‐term mowing on species diversity, biomass and composition of plant community in a semi‐arid grassland in northeastern China
Authors: Hassan Nazim , Zhong Zhiwei , Wang Deli , Zhu Yu , Naeem Iqra , Ahungu Abel Bui , Wan Ho Yi , Li Xiaofei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractQuestionsHow does long‐term, moderate‐intensity mowing affect plant community diversity, biomass, and composition in semi‐arid grasslands? And what are the underlying mechanisms that drive differences in plant community structure and functions between mowed and unmowed grasslands?LocationA semi‐arid grassland in Jilin Province, northeastern China.MethodsIn a 30‐year experiment, we investigated long‐term effects of mowing on the grassland ecosystem in northeastern China by comparing plant community diversity, biomass, and composition between mowed and unmowed permanent plots across six grasslands.ResultsLong‐term mowing did not affect plant species richness, but increased species evenness by 29%. Mowing had little effects on above‐ground (shoot) and below‐ground (root) biomass. The unchanged above‐ground biomass in the mowed areas was attributed to a trade‐off between biomass of grasses and forbs: mowing significantly increased forb biomass by 50%, but reduced grass biomass by 20% and the grass to forb biomass ratio by 46%. Mowing also reduced biomass of the dominant Leymus chinensis grass by 24% and litter biomass by 56%. Regression analyses indicated that the species evenness was negatively affected by L. chinensis biomass and litter biomass.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that, although long‐term moderate mowing has limited effects on plant species richness and plant biomass, such a managed strategy can greatly reduce the dominance of grass species and allow the growth of forb species, leading to a higher species evenness in the plant community. This win–win situation promotes forage production for farmers while increasing plant diversity for conservation, suggesting that current mowing tactics can be a sustainable management practice in this ecosystem. However, the continuous loss of plant litter because of mowing may have negative influences on soil nutrient availability in the long run. From this perspective, a short‐term halt in mowing or fertilization that allows plants and soil nutrients to recover could represent a more optimal protocol for management.
Alkaline phosphatase to treat ischaemia–reperfusion injury in living‐donor kidney transplantation: APhIRI I feasibility pilot study
Authors: Steenvoorden Thei S. , van Duin Robert E. , Rood Janneke A. J. , Peters‐Sengers Hessel , Nurmohamed Azam S. , Bemelman Frederike J. , Vogt Liffert , van der Heijden Joost W. 
Published: August 2023

AimsIschemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) during kidney transplant procedures is associated with adverse outcome. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) is an enzyme that has the potential to dampen IRI. Prior to this study, it had not been tested in the setting of kidney transplantation. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of peri‐procedural AP administration in living donor kidney transplantation.MethodsIn this double blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, single‐center pilot study, all eligible recipients of living donor kidneys were asked to give informed consent. AP (bRESCAP) or a placebo was administered intravenously over 24 hours after the transplantation procedure. The primary outcome—graft function at 1 year—was represented by iohexol measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR). Serum and urine biomarkers within seven days after surgery were used as surrogate markers of kidney function and injury.ResultsEleven patients were enrolled of whom five were treated with bRESCAP and six with placebo. After 1 year, mGFR was not different between groups. No specific adverse events were observed in the bRESCAP group. Urine expression of injury biomarkers CCL14, NGAL and Cystatin C was lower in the bRESCAP group at day seven. This was statistically significant.ConclusionThis study illustrates that bRESCAP treatment is feasible in kidney transplantation, might have a dampening effect on IRI induced renal inflammation, and raises no safety concerns. Future research will evaluate the effects of bRESCAP treatment in donation after circulatory death kidney transplantation where IRI is more pronounced.
Establishment of a measurement system to evaluate breast milk transfer of biological agents using dry filter paper: A multi‐institutional study
Authors: Saito Jumpei , Yakuwa Naho , Hosokawa Yoshihiko , Hamada Hiromi , Suzuki Tomo , Sago Haruhiko , Kaneko Kayoko , Yamatani Akimasa , Murashima Atsuko 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsInformation on breastfeeding and safety of biologics in infants is lacking due to difficulties in case collection. We evaluated methods for determining the concentration of biologics in breast milk using a dry filter method that can simplify the collection, storage and transport of breast milk.MethodsTo generate dried filter paper (DFP) samples, approximately 30 μL of breast milk was placed onto a Whatman 903 card and punched out. After extraction, the supernatant was measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Three concentrations of each drug were prepared in liquid breast milk (LBM) and DFP samples to determine their stability up to 28 days after storage at 2–8°C or −20°C for LBM and 25 ± 5°C for DFP. LBM and DFP samples were also provided by nursing mothers using biologics during lactation, and drug concentrations in both samples were compared. The agreement between the two measurement methods was confirmed by Bland–Altman analysis.ResultsBreast milk was provided by 12 mothers who used biologics (tocilizumab, abatacept, etanercept, golimumab, sarilumab and belimumab). The coefficients of variation for within‐run and between‐run precision for the six drugs were within 15% for both LBM and DFP, and accuracy was within 90%–110% of the quality controls. After 28 days, concentrations remained at more than 90%. The difference between the values obtained by each method was within the acceptable range of error (−12.1 to +16.6 ng/mL).ConclusionsA method for determining the concentration of biologics using DFP is expected to help improve pharmacotherapy for lactating women.
Discrimination during childbirth and postpartum care utilization among Black birthing people in California, United States
Authors: James Kortney Floyd , Hicks Megan , Choi Kristen R. , Tobin Courtney S. Thomas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between discrimination during childbirth hospitalization and postpartum care utilization among Black birthing people in California, United States.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of data from the Listening to Mothers in California survey, a population‐based survey of individuals with a singleton hospital‐based birth in California in 2016. The primary outcome was number of postpartum care visits. The primary exposures were racial, language, and insurance discrimination. A multiple linear regression model was used to estimate associations between discrimination and postpartum care use, adjusting for sociodemographic covariates.ResultsBlack birthing people in the sample had an average of two postpartum visits. Almost 15% of the sample reported one or more forms of discrimination during hospital‐based childbirth. In adjusted models, racial discrimination (β = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.04–0.14, p < 0.01) and language discrimination (β = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.98–1.07, p < 0.01) were associated with increased postpartum visits, while insurance discrimination was linked to decreased postpartum visits (β = −0.96, 95% CI = −1.04 to −0.89, p < 0.01).ConclusionAmong Black birthing people in California, the drivers of postpartum care utilization after childbirth are complex. There are multiple negative drivers (e.g., experiencing racial and language discrimination and unmet needs), barriers (e.g., insurance discrimination), and positive drivers (e.g., clinician type and education) that affect postpartum care utilization among Black birthing people.
Evidence that implementation intentions reduce self‐harm in the community
Authors: Paterson Abigail , Elliott Mark A. , Nicholls Louise A. Brown , Rasmussen Susan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesImplementation intentions are ‘IF‐THEN’ plans that encourage goal‐intended behaviour. This study was designed to test whether an intervention encouraging the formation of implementation intentions can reduce self‐harm in the community.DesignA randomized controlled design was used.MethodsAt pre‐intervention, outcome variables (self‐harm in both specified and unspecified critical situations and suicidality) and potential moderators of implementation intentions (goal intention, mental imagery, and exposure to self‐harm) were measured using self‐report questionnaires. The participants (N = 469, aged 18–66 years, 86.4% female, 6.8% male and 6.7% other) were then randomized to either an experimental (implementation intention) or control task. At three‐months post‐intervention, self‐report questionnaires were used again to measure the outcome variables.ResultsThere were no overall differences between the conditions at post‐intervention. However, goal intention and mental imagery, but not exposure to self‐harm, moderated the effects of condition on self‐harm in specified critical situations. At high (mean + 1SD) levels of both goal intention and mental imagery, the experimental condition reported self‐harming less frequently in the situations specified in their implementation intentions.ConclusionsImplementation intentions therefore represent a useful intervention for reducing self‐harm in specified critical situations for people in the community who wish to avoid self‐harm and those who frequently experience self‐harm and suicide related mental imagery.
A novel small molecule inhibitor of p38⍺ MAP kinase augments cardiomyocyte cell cycle entry in response to direct cell cycle stimulation
Authors: Abouleisa Riham R. E. , Miller Jessica M. , Gebreil Ahmad , Salama Abou Bakr M. , Dwenger Marc , Abdelhafez Hania , Wahid Reham M. , Adewumi Adeniyi T. , Soliman Mahmoud E. S. , Abo‐Dya Nader E. , Mohamed Tamer M. A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeMyocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of mortality globally due in part to the limited ability of cardiomyocytes (CMs) to regenerate. Recently, we demonstrated that overexpression of four‐cell cycle factors, CDK1, CDK4, cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 (4F), induced cell division in ~20% of the post‐mitotic CMs overexpressed 4F. The current study aims to identify a small molecule that augments 4F‐induced CM cycle induction.Experimental Approach, Key ResultsScreening of small molecules with a potential to augment 4F‐induced cell‐cycle induction in 60‐day‐old mature human induced pluripotent cardiomyocytes (hiPS‐CMs) revealed N‐(4,6‐Dimethylpyridin‐2‐yl)‐4‐(pyridine‐4‐yl)piperazine‐1‐carbothioamide (NDPPC), which activates cell cycle progression in 4F‐transduced hiPS‐CMs. Autodock tool and Autodock vina computational methods showed that NDPPC has a potential interaction with the binding site at the human p38⍺ mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38⍺ MAP kinase), a critical negative regulator of the mammalian cell cycle. A p38 MAP kinase activity assay showed that NDPPC inhibits p38⍺ with 5–10 times lower IC50 compared to the other P38 isoforms in a dose‐dependent manner. Overexpression of p38⍺ MAP kinase in CMs inhibited 4F cell cycle induction, and treatment with NDPPC reversed the cell cycle inhibitory effect.Conclusion and ImplicationsNDPPC is a novel inhibitor for p38 MAP kinase and is a promising drug to augment CM cell cycle response to the 4F. NDPPC could become an adjunct treatment with other cell cycle activators for heart failure treatment.