bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing oral steroid intolerability and drug costs for acute wheezers: A retrospective evaluation of a clinical management algorithm in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Davison Gail , Ruddell Josh , Trouton Michelle , McDonald Roisin , Kennedy Ben , O'Neill Vikki , McCann Joseph , Bartholome Brigitte , Steen Heather , Shields Mike D. , Mullen Stephen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractProject AimTo retrospectively evaluate a clinical management algorithm for acute wheezers in a UK Pediatric Emergency Department (PED).Overview and RationaleAcute wheezing attacks are a leading cause of PED attendances and inpatient admissions. Prednisolone, a routine treatment, is intolerable in almost one‐third of children, requiring repeated dosing, which may prolong length of stay (LOS). To address this problem, we: (1) developed an acute management algorithm (concise, single‐sided flow‐chart, instructing immediate management); (2) modified the OCS regime from prednisolone (1 mg/kg, 3‐day course) to dexamethasone (600 then 300 mcg/kg); (3) and disseminated guidance regionally. Written information—handouts, e‐mails, and posters—were followed‐up with verbal reinforcement. We implemented the algorithm in 2017 and revised it further in 2018.EvaluationIn 2019, we retrospectively collected data on 100 acute wheeze attendances (those requiring OCS, aged 2–14), between October and December in 2016, 2017, and 2018 (n = 300), and assessed outcomes.ResultsOver a 48‐month period, we reduced OCS intolerability by 67.2% and OCS drug costs by 85.8% (saving £41,470.14), while not significantly influencing the other outcomes.ConclusionsReduced intolerability and substantial cost savings can be achieved by implementing a structured acute pediatric wheeze algorithm and modifying the OCS to single‐dose dexamethasone (300 mcg/kg).
Substantial second‐order nonlinear optical properties of novel hexamolybdate‐julolidine hybrids: A density functional theory (DFT) study
Authors: AlSilaykhee Ashraf H. S. , Al‐Yasari Ahmed , Alesary Hasan F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSeries of new inorganic–organic hybrid hexamolybdate‐julolidine materials are theoretically designed and studied via density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT). Their geometric and electronic structures, linear optical and second‐order nonlinear properties have also been evaluated. By the introduction of julolidine into the organoimido‐hexamolybdate, the studied systems show substantial second‐order nonlinear (NLO) responses of up to 1048 × 10−30 esu for compound 3. Upon enlarging the π‐conjugated linker, the calculated β‐responses are enhanced by a factor of 2.1. In addition, TD‐DFT calculations indicate that the strong low‐energy transition can mainly be attributed to charge transfer (CT) from julolidine‐arylimido to the hexamolybdate cluster, indicating strong communication between the POM and julolidine components, which is responsible for the linear and non‐linear optical behavior of these compounds. Ortho‐methylation to the imido‐bond has a significant effect on the stability and hence the length and linearity of the bond, although it slightly reduces the first hyperpolarizability. The whole set of results demonstrates the excellent NLO activity for julolidine‐POMs chromophores while keeping relatively good transparency window compared to similar purely organic systems.
Effect of water depth and waterway obstructions on the divergence and confluence areas of Dongting Lake and the Yangtze River after the operation of the Three Gorges Project
Authors: Yang Yunping , Yin Hong , Li Ming , Liu Wanli , Li Kanyu , Yu Wenjun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractClimate change and human activities have profoundly changed the evolutionary processes and developmental trends of the hydrology and geomorphology of rivers and lakes. Such changes have affected the evolution of bars and channels at the intersections of rivers and lakes and the utilization of water depth resources in waterways, which, in turn, have affected the sustainable development of waterways, such as the “Golden Waterway” of the Yangtze River. Considering the confluence of Dongting Lake and the Yangtze River as the present study area, we analyzed the effect of the hydrology of Dongting Lake and the evolution of bars and channels in the Jingjiang reach of the Yangtze River on the depth of the waterways. Our results indicated that from before the operation of the Three Gorges Project (1960–2002) to after its operation (2003–2021), the flow and sediment volume of the three inlets of Dongting Lake demonstrated a continuous decreasing trend. Furthermore, the relative increase in the runoff of the Jingjiang reach increased channel erosion. Channel erosion at the river–lake confluence from 2003 to 2021 created favorable conditions for increasing the dimensions of the waterways. The total length of the river–lake confluence that did not meet the requirements for safe navigation [4.5 × 200 m (water depth × width)] was 12.6 km, accounting for 68.35% of the total length of the Jingjiang reach with obstructed navigation. We observed that a decrease in the low‐water level and “steep slope and rapid flow” were the major factors hindering the navigation of the reach (from Zhicheng to Dabujie) affected by the Songzikou diversion of Dongting Lake. This was mostly reflected by the width of the 4.5 m waterway being less than 200 m. A declining water level, shrinking sandbanks and tidal flats, and alternating branches that destabilize the low‐water route were the major factors hindering navigation in the reach (from Taipingkou) affected by the Taipingkou diversion of Dongting Lake. Consequently, alternative waterways were implemented during low‐water periods with the water depth decreasing below 4.5 m. The obvious collapse of sandbanks and tidal flats and their erosion and migration were the major factors hindering navigation of the Ouchikou diversion of Dongting Lake. In addition, the scattered submerged shoals in the navigation channel restricted the width of the 4.5 m channel to less than 200 m. The reach affected by the Dongting Lake confluence (from Xiongjiazhou–Chenglingji reach) was subject to the erosion and silting of bends and the jacking effect of lake outflow, causing shoals with a water depth of less than 4.5 m in the channel. However, the jacking effect slowed the current, thereby assisting in improving channel conditions.
Design, Synthesis and Application of Chemically Modified Amberlite XAD‐2 for Separation and Preconcentration of Pb(II)
Authors: Gupta Ashu , Kumar Vinod , Mittal Sachin , Sharma Rakesh Kumar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA highly selective, efficient, green analytical method was developed to separate and preconcentrate trace amounts of lead from aqueous samples using gallic acid‐immobilized Amberlite XAD‐2. The method was designed by determining the stability constant of the Pb‐GA complex and plotting the chemical speciation diagram, which indicated strong complexation of Pb(II) with GA (log βPb‐GA=9.50). The species distribution curve for the Pb‐GA complex indicates almost 98 % complexation, forming Pb‐GA as the predominant species. Considering the strong interaction of GA toward the lead, GA was immobilized on the polymeric matrix of Amberlite XAD‐2, and the conditions for the uptake of lead from the aqueous solutions were optimized by both batch and column methods. The sorption capacity and concentration factor of modified Amberlite XAD‐2 for Pb(II) were found to be 4554 μg g−1 and100 respectively. The method was employed for the determination of lead in various wastewater samples. Molecular modeling studies were also performed on GA‐immobilized Amberlite XAD‐2 to determine the active structure of GA on the surface.
A Detailed Review on C‐Fused Furan/3,4‐Fused Furan Analog and its Potential Applications
Authors: Manna Susanta Kumar , Giri Soumen , Mondal Sampa , Sana Rabindra Nath , Samal Aroop Kumar , Mandal Arabinda 
Published: January 2023

Abstractc‐fused furan and their derivatives are widely used as essential components of agrochemicals, bioregulators, dyes, essential skin and hair oils, cosmetics, flavouring agents, photosensitizers in industry and also show a broad range of biological activity. To the best of our knowledge, as of yet, no review has been published that covers the entire synthetic pathway leading to the formation of just c‐fused or 3, 4‐fused furans. In this review, we outline the various pathways for bicyclic, tricyclic, and polycyclic c‐fused furans, along with their detailed mechanisms, concrete examples, and biological activity. We have focused particularly on the synthetic route to medicine, natural products, and their analogues, such as c‐fused furanoditerpenes isospongiadiol, radermachol, a potential folk medicine ingredient, furo[3,4]quinolin‐4(5H)‐ones core, an inhibitor of lymphoma, bhimamycin B, hibiscone‐c core moiety of antibiotic lactonamycin, and analogue of natural product furanether A/ furanether B. Previous approaches and recent methods are described including metal‐free, transition metal, bio‐catalyst, and multi‐substrate approaches with mechanisms. The review covers the literature for more than six decades and presents an overview of the synthesis of different c‐fused furans and their utility in various disciplines such as synthetic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and drug discovery.
Electrochemical Oxidative Selenation of 4H‐Pyrido‐[1,2‐a]‐pyrimidin‐4‐ones with Diorganyldiselenides
Authors: Chen Jinyang , Xiao Yao , You Xianhui , Li Shiqi , Fu Yuwei , Ouyang Yuejun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAn environmentally friendly protocol for the synthesis of C3‐selenylated 4H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐ones was developed via the electrochemical oxidation, iodide‐catalyzed selenation of 4H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐ones with diaryl (alkyl) diselenides under oxidant‐ and external electrolyte‐free conditions. Only by using 10 mol % of KI as catalyst and electrolyte, the selenation can proceed efficiently, and give corresponding products in good to excellent yields, avoiding the use of excess oxidant or iodinated reagents.
Effects of Calcium Substitution for La on the Electrochemical Performance of LaMnO3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Dong Song‐Tao , Jin Xiaoyun , Ye Xin , Wei Junlin , Wang Lei , Zhang Ya‐Mei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWith the advantages of short charging and discharging times, high power density, and long cycle life, supercapacitors are regarded as one of the most promising energy storage devices and have garnered massive attention in the field of energy storage. This paper prepared La1−xCaxMnO3 (x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles by the sol‐gel method. The microstructure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of the samples were characterized. The results depict that La0.85Ca0.15MnO3 has a low charge transfer resistance (0.19 Ω) and a large specific surface area (38.79 m2 g−1). The maximum specific capacitance of the La0.85Ca0.15MnO3 sample reached 248 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g, which is ascribable to its large specific surface area and high oxygen vacancy concentration. The anion‐intercalation mechanism was investigated by the charging and discharging process. The above results depict that Ca‐doping significantly enhances the electrochemical performance of LaMnO3 system.
Quantum Sieving Effects of Ni(bdc)(ted)0.5 and Effective Separation Performance of Ni(bdc)(ted)0.5@γ‐Al2O3 for H2/D2
Authors: Chen Nan , Chen Xiaoxiao , Ping Enming , Zhang Lijuan , Zhou Yunshan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe MOF Ni(bdc)(ted)0.5 was selected as the hydrogen isotope separation material in this paper and the separation mechanism of this material was investigated by molecular simulation. Theoretical calculations proved that Ni(bdc)(ted)0.5 had chemical affinity quantum sieving (CAQS) effect and kinetic quantum sieving (KQS) effect. Because the adsorption capacity of D2 in Ni(bdc)(ted)0.5 was larger than H2 and the diffusion rate was smaller than H2 at 77 K, Ni(bdc)(ted)0.5 could realize the separation of hydrogen and deuterium in gas chromatography. Ni(bdc)(ted)0.5@γ‐Al2O3 composite was prepared by liquid phase epitaxy method as gas chromatographic packings (column type: 0.6 m×2.0 mm I.D.) to investigate the separation performance of H2/D2 at 77 K. Under the optimal chromatographic conditions, the retention time of H2 and D2 were 1.95 and 3.48 min respectively and the resolution (R) was 2.12, indicating that the separation of H2 and D2 could be realized efficiently and quickly by using Ni(bdc)(ted)0.5@γ‐Al2O3.
Highly conductive and tough double‐network hydrogels for smart electronics
Authors: Zhang Dong , Tang Yijing , Gong Xiong , Chang Yung , Zheng Jie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDevelopment and understanding of highly mechanically robust and electronically conducting hydrogels are extremely important for ever‐increasing energy‐based applications. Conventional mixing/blending of conductive additives with hydrophilic polymer network prevents both high mechanical strength and electronic conductivity to be presented in polymer hydrogels. Here, we proposed a double‐network (DN) engineering strategy to fabricate PVA/PPy DN hydrogels, consisting of a conductive PPy‐PA network via in‐situ ultrafast gelation and a tough PVA network via a subsequent freezing/thawing process. The resultant PVA/PPy hydrogels exhibited superior mechanical and electrochemical properties, including electrical conductivity of ~6.8 S/m, mechanical strength of ~0.39 MPa, and elastic moduli of ~0.1 MPa. Upon further transformation of PVA/PPy hydrogels into supercapacitors, they demonstrated a high capacitance of ~280.7 F/g and a cycle life of 2000 galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles with over 94.3% capacity retention at the current density of 2 mA/cm2 and even subzero temperatures of −20 °C. Such enhanced mechanical performance and electronic conductivity of hydrogels are mainly stemmed from a synergistic combination of continuous electrically conductive PPy‐PA network and the two interpenetrating DN structure. This in‐situ gelation strategy is applicable to the integration of ionic‐/electrical‐conductive materials into DN hydrogels for smart‐soft electronics, beyond the most commonly used PEDOT:PSS‐based hydrogels.
Trend in biodegradable porous nanomaterials for anticancer drug delivery
Authors: Le Bao Quang Gia , Doan Tan Le Hoang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn recent years, biodegradable nanomaterials have exhibited remarkable promise for drug administration to tumors due to their high drug‐loading capacity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and clearance. This review will discuss and summarize the trends in utilizing biodegradable nanomaterials for anticancer drug delivery, including biodegradable periodic mesoporous organosilicas (BPMOs) and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The distinct structure and features of BPMOs and MOFs will be initially evaluated, as well as their use as delivery vehicles for anticancer drug delivery applications. Then, the themes for the development of each material will be utilized to illustrate their drug delivery performance. Finally, the current obstacles and potential for future development as efficient drug delivery systems will be thoroughly reviewed.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Estimating population size of red‐footed boobies using distance sampling and drone photography
Authors: Espíndola Walter D. , Cruz‐Mendoza Alberto , Garrastazú Aralcy , Nieves Miguel A. , F. Rivera‐Milán Frank , Carlo Tomás A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe red‐footed booby (Sula sula) is one of the most common pantropical seabird species, but its populations have been declining in the Caribbean region and elsewhere. We used distance sampling from point‐counts to estimate population size of red‐footed boobies in Mona Island, Puerto Rico, USA, before and during the breeding season in 2019. We compared results from early morning and early night surveys to determine the best survey time given that many individuals are foraging at sea during the daylight hours but not at night. We also examined the suitability of drone photography to survey active nests (a measure of breeding pairs) and compared it to point count and transect survey data. Point count surveys show that an estimated 6,130 birds occupied the colony, which is more than double previous estimates for Mona Island. Our results also showed that to avoid underestimates, red‐footed booby colonies are best surveyed at night as they yield higher bird densities than daytime surveys. For the same reason, daytime photographic surveys with a drone underestimated population size compared to nighttime point‐count surveys. However, drones were more effective than ground surveys in detecting active nests, and thus breeding pairs, which provides a better estimate of the resident population of a colony. We recommend that nighttime surveys are tailored to site‐specific conditions to improve estimates of red‐footed boobies, while drones can save significant effort and time in monitoring numbers of active nests in the remote and rugged islands where red‐footed boobies typically nest.
Conservation easements: A tool for preserving wildlife habitat on private lands
Authors: Brown Sarah A. , Rotman Robin M. , Powell Michael A. , Wilhelm Stanis Sonja A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractConservation easements are an essential tool for conserving private lands, and they have great potential for enhancing wildlife habitat and biodiversity. Private land conservation in the United States is likely to increase in the coming years, in light of Executive Order No. 14,008, issued by President Joseph Biden on January 27, 2021, which set a goal of conserving at least 30% of U.S. lands and waters by 2030 (Executive Office of the President 2021). There is, therefore, a need to evaluate the effect of conservation easements on wildlife habitat and biodiversity and to make recommendations for further enhancing the effectiveness of easements. Herein we propose a shift from primarily negative clauses and restrictive language to a more affirmative approach, developing language to proactively improve management of properties under conservation easement in order to maximize benefits to wildlife and ecosystems. In addition, we identify areas for further research on landowner perceptions and experiences regarding conservation easements.
Where Gods Dwell? Part II: Embodied Cognition Approach and Children’s Drawings of Gods
Authors: Dandarova-Robert Zhargalma , Cocco Christelle , Dessart Grégory , Brandt Pierre-Yves 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEmpirical demonstrations of the embodied and grounded cognition approach, involving diverse areas and phenomena, have increased exponentially in recent years. However, little research has been done in the religious domain. To the best of our knowledge, no study based on this theoretical framework has explored spatial dimension in pictorial representation of the divine in children’s drawings or in religious art in general. The present study represents the very first attempt to investigate if and how spatiality is involved in the way children depict the divine in their drawings. Drawings collected from four groups of participants (n = 1156, ages 6–15) characterized by different cultural and religious environments: Japanese (Buddhism and Shinto), Russian-Buryat (Buddhism, Shamanism), Russian Slavic (Christian Orthodoxy), and French-speaking Swiss (Catholic and reformed Christianity) were annotated using the Gauntlet annotation tool and then analysed. The main result indicates that children from all four groups generally depict god (the centre of the annotated representation) in the upper part of their drawings. Further testing indicates that the type of composition (for instance, god depicted alone or as standing on the ground where the sky is also depicted) did not serve as a major influence on the child’s placement of god.
Finding Allies in Pandemic Times: Documentary Film Festivals and Streaming Platforms
Authors: Vallejo Aida , Taillibert Christel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter analyzes the collaboration between documentary film festivals and streaming platforms before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Our study of collaborative practices revolves around the concepts of reciprocity and strategic alliances, developed within Anthropology and Management Studies. We focus on two pioneer streaming platforms, which are initiatives of documentary distribution created by or with film festivals. In our first case study, DAFilms (originated from an alliance of seven European documentary festivals), we analyze why a video-on-demand (VOD) platform born out of a festival alliance was not necessarily the preferred streaming option for all its partners during the pandemic. In our second case study, Tënk (an initiative born out of the French festival États généraux du film documentaire), we focus on curatorial strategies and explain how the shift to new collaborative models brought up by the pandemic didn’t work in the long term. By contrasting the discourses of the representatives of film platforms and festivals before and during the pandemic, we identify key factors that contributed to the success or failure of their alliances. We identify an increase in exchange between festivals and platforms, and a determination of many festivals to maintain hybrid online and onsite activities in the future, within their own and other VOD platforms.
Curating Our Own Space: A Conversation on Online Queer Film Exhibition and Adult Queer Cinema
Authors: Olson Jenni , Lee Jiz 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter discusses various queer film festivals and their experimentations with online screenings. This interview was organized and moderated by Jenni Olson, an American film curator, filmmaker, author, and LGBT film historian who created one of the earliest online queer film festivals, PopcornQ, in 1994. In discussing past attempts at creating online queer festivals and the evolution of streaming technologies, this chapter provides a useful genealogical precedent to contemporary online festivals as they relate to shifting notions of the digital utopia.
Quaternion lattices and quaternion fields
Authors: Schmid Peter 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLet $$Q_8$$

Q
8

be the quaternion group of order 8 and $${\chi }$$
χ
its faithful irreducible character. Then $${\chi }$$
χ
can be realized over certain imaginary quadratic number fields $$K={\mathbb Q}\bigl (\sqrt{-N}\bigr )$$

K
=
Q

(

-
N

)

but not over their rings of integers (Feit, Serre); here N is a positive square-free integer. We show that this happens precisely when $${\mathbb Q}\bigl (\sqrt{N}\bigr )$$

Q

(

N

)

but not $${\mathbb Q}\bigl (\sqrt{2}, \sqrt{N}\bigr )$$

Q

(

2

,

N

)

can be embedded into a $$Q_8$$

Q
8

-field over the rationals (Galois with group $$Q_8$$

Q
8

) and N is not a sum of two integer squares. In particular, we get that $${\chi }$$
χ
cannot be integrally realized if N is (properly) divisible by some prime $$q\equiv 7\,({\textrm{mod}\,}8)$$

q
≡
7

(

mod

8
)

.