bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pragmatic Return to Effective Dental Infection Control through Triage and Testing (PREDICT): A feasibility study to improve dental office safety
Authors: Fredericks-Younger Janine , Feldman Cecile , Allareddy Veerasathpurush , Funkhouser Ellen , McBurnie MaryAnn , Meyerowitz Cyril , Ragusa Pat , Chapman-Greene Julie , Coker Modupe , Fine Daniel H , Gennaro Maria Laura , Subramanian Gayathri 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for practitioners to enhance workflows to increase safety and mitigate risk. As dental practice creates a highly aerosolized environment, pre-visit testing for SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to be an effective mitigation strategy to minimize disease transmission in dental offices. The Pragmatic Return to Effective Dental Infection Control through Testing (PREDICT) Feasibility Study examined the potential, logistics, and impact related to laboratory-based PCR viral testing and point-of-care (POC) antigen testing.
Methods
Dental healthcare workers (DHCWs) and patients in four dental offices within the National Dental Practice-based Research Network participated in this prospective study. In addition to electronic surveys, participants in two offices completed POC testing, while participants in two offices used lab based PCR methods to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection. For this feasibility study, analysis was limited to descriptive measures. Median and interquartile ranges were reported for Likert scale responses and mean and standard deviation for continuous variables
Results
Forty-one of forty-three consented patients and twenty-eight of twenty-nine DHCWs completed the protocol. Descriptive statistics calculations including median and interquartile ranges revealed (1) saliva, tongue epithelial cells and nasal swabs were the most desirable specimens for testing for groups (2) both LAB and POC protocols took similar amounts of total time to complete the full testing protocol and (3) DHCWs and patients reported feeling more comfortable when both groups were tested.
Conclusions
This feasibility study suggests that pre-visit SARS-CoV-2 testing can be effectively implemented into dental practice workflows and positively impact perception of safety for DHCWs and patients, though a larger scale, network study is necessary for generalizability of results. As new virulent infectious diseases continue to emerge, preparing dental personnel to employ an entire toolbox of risk mitigation strategies, including testing, may have the potential to decrease dental practice closure time, maintaining continuity of dental care services for patients.
Trial Registration
This trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05123742.
Analysis of Severe COVID-19 among Children in Foshan, China
Authors: Chen Xiaoqian , Liang Yongqi , Xie Qiyuan , Jiang Suhua 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, treatments, and prognosis of severe neurological impairment among children infected with severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) following the change in epidemic prevention policy in China in December 2022.Methods A total of 9 pediatric patients with severe neurological impairment caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection from December 17, 2022 to December 31, 2022 in the First People’s Hospital of Foshan were retrospectively analyzed.Results Seven (71.43%) of the nine cases involved patients under the age of three, while the other two cases were older than three and had underlying medical conditions. All patients presented with fever and neurological symptoms such as disorders of consciousness and/or convulsive seizures. Besides, all patients showed sudden aggravation (e.g., fulminant cerebral edema) within 24 hours of fever, without respiratory symptoms (e.g., cough). Interleukin-6 (IL-6), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and D-dimer were significantly increased in all nine cases. Except for three patients who survived more than 48 hours after the first rescue treatment, five died within 48 hours after hospitalization, while one died of secondary bacterial infection after seven days of treatment. All patients suffered from shock rapidly after onset, and five patients developed multiple organ failure (respiratory, heart, liver, kidney and skeletal muscle) in a short time. In terms of in-hospital treatments, five cases were treated with glucocorticoids, three with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and two with blood purification and tocilizumab.Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause severe neurological damage in pediatric patients. Hyperpyrexia, convulsion, and inflammatory factors could serve as early warning indicators. Administering glucocorticoids immunoglobulin, blood purification and tocilizumab might have some therapeutic effects, but further research is needed to establish their effectiveness.
Structure-guided design of pyridinyl-indole 4R-tau PET radiotracers: Development of [18F]OXD-2314 for human use
Authors: Vasdev Neil , Lindberg Anton , Tong Junchao , Mason Scott , Sohn Daniel , Sandell Johan , Strom Peter , Stehouwer Jeffrey , Lopresti Brian , Viklund Jenny , Svensson Samuel , Mathis Chester 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of tau aggregation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is helping to map and quantify the in vivo progression of AD pathology. To date, no high-affinity 4-repeat (4R)-tau PET radiopharmaceutical for imaging non-AD tauopathies exists. Herein, the properties of analogues of a first-in-class 4R-tau lead, [18F]OXD-2115, are described. Over 150 analogues of OXD-2115 were synthesized and screened for tau affinity in vitro against [3H]OXD-2115, and in silico models were used to predict brain uptake. [18F]OXD-2314 was identified as a selective, high-affinity non-AD tau PET radiotracer with favorable brain uptake, dosimetry, and radiometabolite profiles in rats and non-human primate and is being translated for first-in-human PET studies.
Delirium and Neuropsychological Recovery among Emergency General Surgery Survivors (DANE): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial and collaborative care intervention
Authors: Mohanty Sanjay , Holler Emma , Ortiz Damaris , Meagher Ashley , Perkins Anthony , Bylund Peggy , Khan Babar , Unverzagt Frederick , Xu Hupuing , Ingraham Angela , Boustani Malaz , Zarzaur Ben 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background:
Delirium is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome which consists of acute and varying changes in cognition and consciousness. Patients who develop delirium are at increased risk for a constellation of physical, cognitive, and psychological disability long after the delirium has ended. Collaborative care models integrating primary and specialty care in order to address patients with complex biopsychosocial needs has been demonstrated to improve outcomes in patients with chronic diseases. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of a collaborative care model on the neuropsychologic recovery of delirium survivors following emergency surgery.
Methods:
This protocol describes a multicenter (eight hospitals in three states) randomized controlled trial in which 528 patients who develop delirium following emergency surgery will be randomized to either a collaborative care model or usual care. The efficacy of the collaborative care model on cognitive, physical, and psychological recovery in this delirium survivors will then be evaluated over eighteen months.
Discussion:
This will be among the first randomized clinical trials in postoperative delirium survivors evaluating an intervention designed to mitigate the downstream effects of delirium and improve the neuropsychologic recovery after surgery. We hope that the results of this study will add to and inform strategies to improve postoperative recovery in this patient group.
Trial registration: NCT05373017 (clinicaltrials.gov)
Digital Human: Three-dimentional face model reconstruction based on Hifi3dface model with clinical two-dimentional photos
Authors: Xiao Yujia , Mao Bochun , Nie Jianglong , Liu Jiayi , Zhou Yanheng , Li Jing 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aims to explore the reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) face model based on orthodontic front and lateral image, and compare with the face-scan 3D images (the gold standard) to assess the accuracy and clinical practicability of this method.
Methods
In this study, 23 patients (mean age 20.70 ± 5.36 years) were included to obtain the front and lateral facial images. Then we accomplished 3D face reconstruction with front and lateral photos based on the Hifi3dface which is an open-source application. The reconstruction model and corresponding face scan model were imported into Geomagic Control for preprocessing and repositioning. 3D deviation analysis was conducted to obtain the root mean square error (RMSE) of the facial and perioral areas, as well as the 3D error value of 8 landmarks. The clinical utility of this method for 3D face reconstruction was evaluated through measuring the 13 soft tissue measurements in two groups.
Results
According to the 3D deviation results: the RMSEs of the 3D face reconstruction model based on Hifi3dface was (2.00 ± 0.38mm, 95%CI:1.84-2.17mm); the RMSEs at the perioral region was (2.12 ± 0.51mm, 95%CI:1.90-2.34mm). Cheek, chin and nose exhibited the greatest deviation in the reconstruction model. The mean deviation of landmarks was less than 2mm, with the majority of the error occurring in the z-direction(Z > Y > X). As for soft tissue measurements, there were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the two groups in nasolabial angle, nasal angle and nasal frontal angle, while the remaining measurements had no statistical difference (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
3D facial reconstruction based on Hifi3dface demonstrated an acceptable outcome, but there was still potential for improvement in terms of clinical utility. The reconstruction needs to improve, particularly in the z-axis(sagittal) direction.
Investigating the risk of reintubation by cough force assessment using cough peak expiratory flow: A single-center observational study
Authors: MURATA KENYA , shimoyama keiichiro , Tsuruya Takeshi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
No objective indicator exists for evaluating cough strength during extubation of tracheally intubated patients. This study aimed to determine whether cough peak expiratory flow (CPEF) can predict the risk of reintubation due to decreased cough strength.
Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who were admitted to our Emergency Intensive Care Unit between September 1, 2020 and August 31, 2021 and were under artificial ventilation management for ≥24 h. The patients were divided into two groups: successful extubation and reintubation groups, and the relationship between CPEF immediately before extubation and reintubation was investigated.
Results
Seventy-six patients were analyzed. In the univariate analysis, CPEF was significantly different between the successful extubation (90.7 ± 25.9 L/min) and reintubation (57.2 ± 6.4 L/min) groups (p< 0.001). In the multivariate analysis with age and duration of artificial ventilation as covariates, CPEF was significantly lower in the reintubation group (p < 0.01). The cutoff value of CPEF for reintubation according to the receiver operating characteristic curve was 60 L/min (area under the curve, 0.897; sensitivity, 78.5%; specificity, 90.9%; p < 0.01).
Conclusion
CPEF in tracheally intubated patients may be a useful indicator for predicting the risk of reintubation associated with decreased cough strength. The cutoff CPEF value for reintubation due to decreased cough strength was 60 L/min.
Triexciton induced RGB emission of organic-inorganic zirconium halide perovskites
Authors: Deng Zhengtao , Wang Chuying , Meng Wen , Luo Guigeng , Xu guangyong , Peng Min , Xu Bin , Nie Shuming 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Materials with two or more excitons that emit different fluorescence under different excitation sources have great potential in optical applications, but luminous materials with three-exciton emission characteristics have been largely undeveloped. Here, we report a novel zero-dimensional (0D) organic-inorganic hybrid ((C2H5)4N)2ZrCl6 perovskite with multiple exciton emission properties. The zirconium-based perovskite exhibits a red emission around 620 nm, a green emission at 527 nm, and a blue emission around 498 nm. The red and green emissions come from self-trapped excitons (STEs) and d-d transition of Zr(IV), respectively, which are caused by distortion of the [ZrCl6]2- octahedrons. The emission of blue is caused by thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), which is similar to that of all-inorganic Cs2ZrCl6. The absolute photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of the red and blue double emission is 83% and the absolute PLQY of green emission is 27%. With different combinations of ((C2H5)4N)2ZrCl6 samples, we achieve a variety of applications. First, a two-color luminescent anti-counterfeiting device was prepared using green ((C2H5)4N)2ZrCl6 powder. Secondly, using green and red ((C2H5)4N)2ZrCl6 powder, a white light-emitting diode (WLED) device with a color rendering index (CRI) of 95 was prepared. Finally, blue and green ((C2H5)4N)2ZrCl6 powder was used to achieve information encryption. Our work provides a potential set of multiexciton-emitting materials and is expected to expand the basic research and practical applications of multiexciton materials.
Active Components and Antifungal Activities of Extracts from Carpesium abrotanoides L. (Asteraceae)
Authors: Zhu Hongxia , Hu Linfeng , Gao Ge , Wang Yunlong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The target-directed efficient extraction and antifungal activities of extracts against seven phytopathogenic fungi from flowers, leaves and seeds of Carpesium abrotanoides L. (Asteraceae) were evaluated. In the seven tested fungi, the extracts of three parts of this plant produced by petroleum ether and chloroform, as well as extracts of flower and seed produced by ethyl acetate, had strong activities against Gibberella zeae, Phytophthora capsica and Rhizoctonia cerealis.
The Role of the Serum Uric Acid to Serum Creatinine Ratio in the 1-year Prognosis of Acute Isolated Pontine Infarction
Authors: Liu Yingli , Li Shufang , Ma Qingqing , Zhai Mingfeng , Li Zongyou 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background and PurposeRecent studies have shown that the serum uric acid to serum creatinine ratio (SUA/SCr) is associated with poor prognosis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The role of SUA/SCr as a new biomarker in acute isolated pontine infarction (AIPI) is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between SUA/CR and the 1-year clinical prognosis of AIPI.MethodsConsecutive patients with AIPI were enrolled, and clinical and laboratory data were collected from these patients. Patients were followed up for 12 months after the onset of the disease, and their 1-year clinical prognosis was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score. Poor prognosis was defined as mRS score > 2, and the patients were classified into two groups accordingly. The characteristics of the clinical data, including demographics, laboratory data, and imaging indices, were compared between the 2 groups, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess the predictive factors of the 1-year clinical outcomes of AIPI.ResultsOf the included 322 patients with AIPI, the mean SUA/SCr was 5.07±1.49. A total of 263 (81.7%) patients were included in the good prognosis group,and 59 (18.3%) were included in the poor prognosis group. SUA/SCr was higher in the poor prognosis group than inthe good prognosis group (p=0.002). After correction for confounders, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that SUA/SCr [odds ratio (OR) 0.619; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.462-0.831] at admission, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (OR, 1.735; 95% CI, 1.464-2.055), fasting glucose (OR, 1.190; 95% CI, 1.037-1.366), and age (OR, 1.037; 95% CI, 1.011-1.064) were independently associated with a poor prognosis at 1 year of AIPI. Spearman correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between SUA/SCr and mRS score (r=-0.152, P=0.006).ConclusionsReduced SUA/SCr values may be an independent predictor of poor prognosis in AIPI at 1 year. Reduced SUA/SCr in patients with AIPI is independently associated with long-term poor prognosis.
Design of Cost-effective Energy Supply Systems for domestic Households in Developing Countries -- Pledge for utilising Thermal Energy to Electricity Conversion Systems
Authors: Snyman Lukas W. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

A medium scale household in South Africa consumes about 1000 kWh on average. This amounts to about 3300 ZAR per month is spent on energy supply using grid electricity. Grid electricity in South Africa is supplied by a huge governmental organisation at about R3..00 per kWhr, including taxes. Statistical analyses indicate that the current increase of the cost of grid electricity in South Africa is about 60% per annum. Solar energy irradiation levels in South Africa are about 850 W/m2 on average in summer. This study shows that by utilising a hybrid combination of renewable energies, such as combining PV supply with solar thermal energy absorbers, converting thermal energy to electricity, and also using petroleum gas and wind turbine energy supply systems as supplements, could reduce the current cost of electricity per household in South Africa to about half of the national grid supply prize, i.e about R1.50 per kWh. The study also shows that water provides as a most viable medium to store energy overnight, instead of using expensive battery technology to perform such functions. Our research also show that Photo-Voltaic (PV) only technology can offer as viable second alternative, provided a large initial capital outlay can be made. The cost of this type of electricity utilised, capitalized over 20 years, is around 2.80 ZAR.
Diversity and abundance of amphibians in residential areas of Ludhiana and Panchkula
Authors: Singh Shelly , Singh Rajwinder 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Although urbanisation offers a variety of hazards to wildlife, little is known about its impact on tropical anurans. In this study, analysed anurans in highly developed intra-urban housing regions of two districts.Three amphibian species were recorded from residential areas of both Ludhiana and Panchkula which included D. melanostictus, D. stomaticusandH. tigerinusbelonging to order anura and families bufonidae and dicroglossidae. Analysis of the collected data on the anuran community of the study area revealed in district Ludhiana, BarewalDogran (4.90 individuals) showed the maximum amphibian abundance as compared to Sherpur (4.14 individuals) and Ladhowal (3.90 individuals). However, in district Panchkula Maheshpur (4.87 individuals) showed the maximum amphibian abundance as compared to villages Railly (4.06 individuals) and Sector-26 Extension (4.32 individuals). 7.95% and 6.30% increase in amphibian population was recorded from residential areas of district Ludhiana and Panchkula, respectively. Overall, residential areas of district Panchkula were recorded to be 2.32% more abundant as compared to district Ludhiana. Positive correlation was found between amphibian population with atmospheric temperature, relative humidity and rainfall.
Temporal Trends of cardiovascular disease Mortality in Central Iran between 2001 and 2018: The Impact of Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP)
Authors: Mehrabani-Zeinabad Kamran , Hassannejad Razieh , Nouri Fatemeh , Mohammadifard Noushin , Khosravi Ardeshir , Sarrafzadegan Nizal 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) death, principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, is the most common cause of mortality worldwide. We aim to determine the temporal trends in CVD mortality in two large districts that consist the intervention and control areas of the Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP) over a period of 18 years (2000-2018).
Methods: The Iran Death Registration System (DRS), cemetery databank in Isfahan, and the population of the two areas based on housing censuses of Iran were used for this study.
IHHP was a comprehensive community-based intervention program for non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention and control using population and high-risk approaches. It was performed in 2000-2007 in Isfahan and Arak districts as an intervention and control areas, respectively. Using interpolating approach, the population was estimated between census years. Incompleteness, misalignment, and misclassification in the DRS were considered and addressed accordingly. Direct method was applied to calculate age-, gender-, and residency-standardized mortality rates (SMR) based on reference population.
Results: The overall age-, gender-, and residency-standardized CVD mortality rate decreased from 586.28 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 559.39-615.76) to 410.67 (95% CI: 394.62-427.51) per 100,000 in intervention area between 2002 and 2011, a reduction of approximately 29.95%. The similar trend was observed for IHD and stroke standardized mortality rate (SMR) by 44.62% and 40.68% reduction, respectively. Control area and national data showed a rise in SMR in the first years of study followed by slight reduction from 2006. However, SMR showed increasing trend after 2011 in all regions. Nevertheless, the control area witnessed higher SMR compared with intervention area. The SMR was higher among individuals aged >75 years and among men during the study period.
Conclusion: A decreasing trend in the SMR over a period of 2002-2011 could be likely related to the IHHP comprehensive interventions that were implemented in intervention areas. These findings assert the significant role of performing such preventive strategies at the population level and high risk groups that could lead to decreasing the risk factors of CVD and ultimately impact it’s mortality.
Quantum support vector machines for classification and regression on a trapped-ion quantum computer
Authors: Suzuki Teppei , Hasebe Takashi , Miyazaki Tsubasa 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Quantum machine learning is a rapidly growing field at the intersection of quantum computing and machine learning. In this work, we examine our quantum machine learning models, which are based on quantum support vector classification (QSVC) and quantum support vector regression (QSVR). We investigate these models using a quantum-circuit simulator, both with and without noise, as well as the IonQ Harmony quantum processor. For the QSVC tasks, we use a dataset containing fraudulent credit card transactions and image datasets (the MNIST and the Fashion-MNIST datasets); for the QSVR tasks, we use a financial dataset and a materials dataset. For the classification tasks, the performance of our QSVC models using 4 qubits of the trapped-ion quantum computer was comparable to that obtained from noiseless quantum-circuit simulations. The result is consistent with the analysis of our device-noise simulations with varying qubit-gate error rates. For the regression tasks, applying a low-rank approximation to the noisy quantum kernel, in combination with hyperparameter tuning in ε-SVR, improved the performance of the QSVR models on the near-term quantum device. Our results suggest that the quantum kernel, as described by our shallow quantum circuit, can be effectively used for both QSVC and QSVR tasks, indicating its resistance to noise and its adaptability to various datasets.