bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental characterization of the turbulent intake jet in an engine flow bench
Authors: Welch Cooper , Illmann Lars , Schmidt Marius , Böhm Benjamin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe turbulent intake flow of an optically accessible internal combustion engine is modeled using an air flow bench to reduce the complexity in the number of variables inherent within engine flows. By removing the piston and introducing a new optically accessible housing and outlet channel, the flow bench design simulates engine flows in the region just downstream of the intake valves and offers the possibility to measure and calculate quantities that would be difficult or impossible to obtain in the unsteady environment of a dynamic engine. Velocity data obtained via high-speed particle image velocimetry of the flow bench in the symmetry and valve planes are compared with data from a base operating condition of the motored engine at an intake pressure of $$0.95$$

0.95

bar and a speed of $$800$$

800

rpm at $$- 270$$

-
270

°CA ($$270$$

270

crank-angle-degrees before compression top dead center), beginning with stationary valves at the corresponding valve lift of $$- 270$$

-
270

°CA, then with moving valves. Analysis of the intake jet turbulence for increasing mass flow rates reveals a coherent flapping of the jet at a frequency of $$752.5$$

752.5

Hz for only the $$100$$

100

% mass flow rate case. The vortex shedding frequency of the valve stem is estimated to being in the range of $$634$$

634

–$$799$$

799

Hz, indicating a possible link between the coherent jet flapping and the vortex shedding surviving the acceleration through the valve gap. Through comprehensive analysis, this study provides valuable validation data and insight into the intake flows of internal combustion engines.
Amplification of annual and diurnal cycles of alpine lightning
Authors: Simon Thorsten , Mayr Georg J. , Morgenstern Deborah , Umlauf Nikolaus , Zeileis Achim 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe response of lightning to a changing climate is not fully understood. Historic trends of proxies known for fostering convective environments suggest an increase of lightning over large parts of Europe. Since lightning results from the interaction of processes on many scales, as many of these processes as possible must be considered for a comprehensive answer. Recent achievements of decade-long seamless lightning measurements and hourly reanalyses of atmospheric conditions including cloud micro-physics combined with flexible regression techniques have made a reliable reconstruction of cloud-to-ground lightning down to its seasonally varying diurnal cycle feasible. The European Eastern Alps and their surroundings are chosen as reconstruction region since this domain includes a large variety of land-cover, topographical and atmospheric circulation conditions. The most intense changes over the four decades from 1980 to 2019 occurred over the high Alps where lightning activity doubled in the 2010 s compared to the 1980 s. There, the lightning season reaches a higher maximum and starts one month earlier. Diurnally, the peak is up to 50% stronger with more lightning strikes in the afternoon and evening hours. Signals along the southern and northern alpine rim are similar but weaker whereas the flatlands surrounding the Alps have no significant trend.
MSX1-expression during the different phases in healthy human endometrium
Authors: Eppich Simon , Kuhn Christina , Schmoeckel Elisa , Mayr Doris , Mahner Sven , Jeschke Udo , Gallwas Julia , Heidegger Helene Hildegard 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The human endometrium consists of different layers (basalis and functionalis) and undergoes different phases throughout the menstrual cycle. In a former paper, our research group was able to describe MSX1 as a positive prognosticator in endometrial carcinomas. The aim of this study was to examine the MSX1 expression in healthy endometrial tissue throughout the different phases to gain more insight on the mechanics of MSX-regulation in the female reproductive system.

Materials and methods
In this retrospective study, we investigated a total of 17 normal endometrial tissues (six during proliferative phase and five during early and six during late secretory phase). We used immunohistochemical staining and an immunoreactive score (IRS) to evaluate MSX1 expression. We also investigated correlations with other proteins, that have already been examined in our research group using the same patient collective.

Results
MSX1 is expressed in glandular cells during the proliferative phase and downregulated at early and late secretory phase (p = 0.011). Also, a positive correlation between MSX1 and the progesterone-receptor A (PR-A) (correlation coefficient (cc) = 0.0671; p = 0.024), and the progesterone receptor B (PR-B) (cc = 0.0691; p = 0.018) was found. A trend towards negative correlation was recognized between MSX1 and Inhibin Beta-C-expression in glandular cells (cc = − 0.583; p-value = 0.060).

Conclusion
MSX1 is known as a member of the muscle segment homeobox gene family. MSX1 is a p53-interacting protein and overexpression of homeobox MSX1 induced apoptosis of cancer cells. Here we show that MSX1 is expressed especially in the proliferative phase of glandular epithelial tissue of the normal endometrium. The found positive correlation between MSX1 and progesterone receptors A and B confirms the results of a previous study on cancer tissue by our research group. Because MSX1 is known to be downregulated by progesterone, the found correlation of MSX1 and both PR-A and -B may represent a direct regulation of the MSX1 gene by a PR-response element. Here further investigation would be of interest.
A multimodal marker for cognitive functioning in multiple sclerosis: the role of NfL, GFAP and conventional MRI in predicting cognitive functioning in a prospective clinical cohort
Authors: van Dam Maureen , de Jong Brigit A. , Willemse Eline A. J. , Nauta Ilse M. , Huiskamp Marijn , Klein Martin , Moraal Bastiaan , de Geus-Driessen Sanne , Geurts Jeroen J. G. , Uitdehaag Bernard M. J. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Hulst Hanneke E. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Cognitive impairment in people with MS (PwMS) has primarily been investigated using conventional imaging markers or fluid biomarkers of neurodegeneration separately. However, the single use of these markers do only partially explain the large heterogeneity found in PwMS.

Objective
To investigate the use of multimodal (bio)markers: i.e., serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and conventional imaging markers in predicting cognitive functioning in PwMS.

Methods
Eighty-two PwMS (56 females, disease duration = 14 ± 9 years) underwent neuropsychological and neurological examination, structural magnetic resonance imaging, blood sampling and lumbar puncture. PwMS were classified as cognitively impaired (CI) if scoring ≥ 1.5SD below normative scores on ≥ 20% of test scores. Otherwise, PwMS were defined as cognitively preserved (CP). Association between fluid and imaging (bio)markers were investigated, as well as binary logistics regression to predict cognitive status. Finally, a multimodal marker was calculated using statistically important predictors of cognitive status.

Results
Only higher NfL levels (in serum and CSF) correlated with worse processing speed (r = − 0.286, p = 0.012 and r = − 0.364, p = 0.007, respectively). sNfL added unique variance in the prediction of cognitive status on top of grey matter volume (NGMV), p = 0.002). A multimodal marker of NGMV and sNfL yielded most promising results in predicting cognitive status (sensitivity = 85%, specificity = 58%).

Conclusion
Fluid and imaging (bio)markers reflect different aspects of neurodegeneration and cannot be used interchangeably as markers for cognitive functioning in PwMS. The use of a multimodal marker, i.e., the combination of grey matter volume and sNfL, seems most promising for detecting cognitive deficits in MS.
Peroxisomes during postnatal development of mouse endocrine and exocrine pancreas display cell-type- and stage-specific protein composition
Authors: Colasante Claudia , Bonilla-Martinez Rocio , Berg Timm , Windhorst Anita , Baumgart-Vogt Eveline 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPeroxisomal dysfunction unhinges cellular metabolism by causing the accumulation of toxic metabolic intermediates (e.g. reactive oxygen species, very -chain fatty acids, phytanic acid or eicosanoids) and the depletion of important lipid products (e.g. plasmalogens, polyunsaturated fatty acids), leading to various proinflammatory and devastating pathophysiological conditions like metabolic syndrome and age-related diseases including diabetes. Because the peroxisomal antioxidative marker enzyme catalase is low abundant in Langerhans islet cells, peroxisomes were considered scarcely present in the endocrine pancreas. Recently, studies demonstrated that the peroxisomal metabolism is relevant for pancreatic cell functionality. During the postnatal period, significant changes occur in the cell structure and the metabolism to trigger the final maturation of the pancreas, including cell proliferation, regulation of energy metabolism, and activation of signalling pathways. Our aim in this study was to (i) morphometrically analyse the density of peroxisomes in mouse endocrine versus exocrine pancreas and (ii) investigate how the distribution and the abundance of peroxisomal proteins involved in biogenesis, antioxidative defence and fatty acid metabolism change during pancreatic maturation in the postnatal period. Our results prove that endocrine and exocrine pancreatic cells contain high amounts of peroxisomes with heterogeneous protein content indicating that distinct endocrine and exocrine cell types require a specific set of peroxisomal proteins depending on their individual physiological functions. We further show that significant postnatal changes occur in the peroxisomal compartment of different pancreatic cells that are most probably relevant for the metabolic maturation and differentiation of the pancreas during the development from birth to adulthood.
Efficient multiscale modeling of heterogeneous materials using deep neural networks
Authors: Aldakheel Fadi , Elsayed Elsayed S. , Zohdi Tarek I. , Wriggers Peter 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMaterial modeling using modern numerical methods accelerates the design process and reduces the costs of developing new products. However, for multiscale modeling of heterogeneous materials, the well-establishedhomogenization techniquesremaincomputationally expensivefor high accuracy levels. In this contribution, a machine learning approach, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), is proposed as a computationally efficient solution method that is capable of providing a high level of accuracy. In this work, the data-set used for the training process, as well as the numerical tests, consists of artificial/real microstructural images (“input”). Whereas, the output is the homogenized stress of a given representative volume element$$\mathcal {RVE}$$RVE. The model performance is demonstrated by means of examples and compared with traditional homogenization methods. As the examples illustrate, high accuracy in predicting the homogenized stresses, along with a significant reduction in the computation time, were achieved using the developed CNN model.
Medizinische Priorisierung in Pandemien und der ethische Diskriminierungsbegriff
Authors: Dufner Annette 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Falle von Pandemien können die Kapazitäten auf den Intensivstationen bekanntlich knapp werden. In Deutschland hat dieser Umstand zu einem Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts geführt, in dem vom Gesetzgeber verlangt wurde, Menschen mit Behinderungen für solche Fälle besser vor Diskriminierung zu schützen. Aus ethischer Sicht hängt die Frage nach den Diskriminierungspotentialen von Priorisierungskriterien stark davon ab, worin genau das Übel einer Diskriminierung verortet werden muss – eine Frage, zu der es in der Ethik mehrere konkurrierende Theoriegruppen gibt. In diesem Aufsatz soll gezeigt werden, dass diese Theorien darüber hinaus jeweils einer Ergänzung bedürfen, um dem Phänomen der indirekten Diskriminierung gerecht werden zu können. Wie hier am Beispiel einiger konkreter Triage-Kriterien gezeigt werden soll, ist ein Ansatz mittlerer Breite besonders geeignet, um die Aufmerksamkeit auf den Kern der aktuellen Probleme zu lenken. Dazu zählt insbesondere das Ausmaß, in dem soziale Gepflogenheiten gegenüber Menschen mit bereits zuvor bestehenden konkreten Schwierigkeiten generell Auswirkungen auf die Struktur ihrer sozialen Interaktionen haben.
Two-dimensional Analysis of the Group Interaction Effects Between End-bearing Piles Embedded in a Rock Mass
Authors: Millán M. A. , Picardo A. , Galindo R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis research is a two-dimensional analysis of the interaction effect in a group of piles socketed in a rock mass when studying the end-bearing capacity of the group. This problem was extensively studied for deep foundations in soils, but very little is published about foundations in rock. The study was conducted in 2D to establish the basis and criteria to analyze the problem, as well as understand the main factors and failure mechanisms involved when several piles work together in a foundation. The factors included in the analysis are, among others: the parameters of the rock mass, the pile embedment, and the pile separation. The research highlights shaft resistance as one of the key factors in the interaction. It proves that neglecting shaft resistance changes the interaction influence and the failure mechanism which may not be on the safe side. The research includes an analysis of the failure modes of different pile configurations using the discontinuity layout optimization (DLO) method, by taking advantage of the method’s ability to show the wedge configuration at the failure. The minimum and maximum efficiencies are characterized in terms of the pile separation values, thereby proposing a procedure to obtain the absolute minimum efficiency of the group. A second procedure is also presented for the approximate prediction of the bearing capacity of the pile tip, for a group with a particular number of piles and properties, by considering the contribution of the corner piles and the intermediate piles.
Genome-wide association study of hemolytic uremic syndrome causing Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from Sweden, 1994–2018
Authors: Matussek Andreas , Mernelius Sara , Chromek Milan , Zhang Ji , Frykman Anne , Hansson Sverker , Georgieva Valya , Xiong Yanwen , Bai Xiangning 
Published: April 2023

AbstractShiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection can cause clinical manifestations ranging from diarrhea to potentially fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). This study is aimed at identifying STEC genetic factors associated with the development of HUS in Sweden. A total of 238 STEC genomes from STEC-infected patients with and without HUS between 1994 and 2018 in Sweden were included in this study. Serotypes, Shiga toxin gene (stx) subtypes, and virulence genes were characterized in correlation to clinical symptoms (HUS and non-HUS), and pan-genome wide association study was performed. Sixty-five strains belonged to O157:H7, and 173 belonged to non-O157 serotypes. Our study revealed that strains of O157:H7 serotype especially clade 8 were most commonly found in patients with HUS in Sweden. stx2a and stx2a + stx2c subtypes were significantly associated with HUS. Other virulence factors associated with HUS mainly included intimin (eae) and its receptor (tir), adhesion factors, toxins, and secretion system proteins. Pangenome wide-association study identified numbers of accessory genes significantly overrepresented in HUS-STEC strains, including genes encoding outer membrane proteins, transcriptional regulators, phage-related proteins, and numerous genes related to hypothetical proteins. Whole-genome phylogeny and multiple correspondence analysis of pangenomes could not differentiate HUS-STEC from non-HUS-STEC strains. In O157:H7 cluster, strains from HUS patients clustered closely; however, no significant difference in virulence genes was found in O157 strains from patients with and without HUS. These results suggest that STEC strains from different phylogenetic backgrounds may independently acquire genes determining their pathogenicity and confirm that other non-bacterial factors and/or bacteria-host interaction may affect STEC pathogenesis.
Ti-MWW Catalysts for Propylene Oxide Production: Influence of Si/Ti Ratio and Calcination Conditions
Authors: Alvear Matias , Schmidt Christoph , Reinsdorf Ole , Lebron-Rodrigez Edgard , Al Abdulghani Abdullah , Hermans Ive , Peurla Markus , Lastusaari Mika , Eränen Kari , Murzin Dmitry Yu. , Kumar Narendra , Salmi Tapio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTitanium silicates of MWW structures with different Si/Ti ratios were prepared via hydrothermal synthesis using piperidine as the structure directing agent and boric acid as the crystallization agent. All the syntheses resulted in highly crystalline materials independent of the Si/Ti ratio. The observed morphology showed MWW-like well-defined thin hexagonal platelets. The synthesized Ti-MWW materials exhibited higher surface areas and partial meso-porosity compared to the commercial TS-1 catalyst. The coordination of the Ti-species was investigated by UV–vis- and IR-spectroscopy. The MWW titanium silicates were tested for the catalytic performance in the epoxidation of propylene in a laboratory-scale trickle bed reactor to compare their clear different physico-chemical properties with the commercial TS-1. The synthesized Ti-MWW materials showed significantly higher catalytic activities, up to 3.5 times, using acetonitrile as the solvent and enhanced epoxide selectivities partially up to 100% in methanol unlike TS-1. The effect of the Ti content in the MWW and the calcination conditions were investigated in propylene epoxidation, revealing the beneficial effect of a lower calcination temperature and an increased Ti content on the activity. The catalytic results were correlated with the physico-chemical properties of the synthesized materials.
Graphical Abstract
Emotional Contagion in Collaborative Virtual Reality Learning Experiences: An eSports Approach
Authors: Dirin Amir , Nieminen Marko , Laine Teemu H. , Nieminen Lassi , Ghalebani Leila 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEmotional contagion is an intriguing subject in many academic fields, and it is also relevant in collaborative learning where learners share a physical or virtual space. We aimed at exploring the possibilities of motivating, fascinating, and experiential elements of virtual reality (VR) in a collaborative learning context, with a focus on emotional contagion. We adopted the eSports mode as a competency development strategy in collaborative learning, using VR to evaluate emotional contagion that is invoked between the presenters and spectators. For this purpose, we created a VR application (HHVR) that allows freshmen students to learn about the premises and academic life at a university. We then divided 43 adult participants into presenters (N = 9) and spectators (N = 34); the presenters experienced the HHVR application first-hand, whereas the spectators watched the experience through a monitor. We used a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews to measure what feelings of being — existential feelings that affect the way we react to the world — the participants experienced. The collected data were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis and qualitative data coding and the results revealed emotional contagion; the spectators who followed the presenters on a monitor showed similar emotional engagement with the presenters who used the application. In conclusion, the proposed eSports mode can be a useful pedagogical technique in the context of collaborative learning with VR, as it engages emotionally both the presenters and spectators. These findings can be helpful for designing emotionally engaging collaborative learning experiences with VR and for conducting group-based UX evaluations of VR applications.
Age, growth, and reproduction of the yellow-edged lyretail Variola louti (Forssakal, 1775)
Authors: Schemmel Eva , Dahl Kristen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract Groupers (Family Epinephelidae) are important to commercial, subsistence, and recreational fisheries throughout the world. Grouper species have complex life histories that make them more vulnerable to exploitation. While there has been extensive research on some, the majority of groupers lack sufficient life history information for proper management. The yellow-edge lyretail grouper, Variola louti, has life history gaps that need to be filled and lacks regional life history information for Guam. Age, growth, and reproduction were assessed from fishery-dependent samples collected from around Guam from 2010 to 2017. Variola louti ranged from 19.4 to 49.7 cm fork length (FL) and 2 to 17 years old. Due to the size selectivity of the fishery, a Bayesian von Bertalanffy growth model was applied. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were L∞ = 43.7 cm FL, k = 0.28, and t0 =  − 0.2. Protogynous hermaphroditism was confirmed with females reaching reproductive maturity at 26.0 cm FL (L50) and 2.6 years (A50) and female to male sex change at 35.3 cm FL (LΔ50) and 6.1 years (AΔ50). Sex ratio was 1.5 females per male, excluding transitional individuals. Using Hoenig’s method, natural mortality was estimated at 0.37 year−1. The life history of Variola louti suggests that it is a relatively fast growing and early maturing grouper that is not as vulnerable to exploitation as larger bodied, slower growing groupers. However, future monitoring of sex ratio, size at maturity, and size at sex change is recommended to track and manage fishery effects, such as the recent scuba spear ban in Guam, on the life history and population status of this species.
Exploring Maternal Interactions During Shared Book Readings in Indian Home Contexts
Authors: Jacob Riya Sara , John Sunila , Bellon-Harn Monica L. , Manchaiah Vinaya 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe importance of parent-child shared book reading (SBR) is well established. However, there is a limited understanding of parental interaction patterns during SBR among preschool children in the Indian context. Using a cross-sectional observational study design, mothers’ verbal and nonverbal behavior during SBR was analyzed in 26 Kannada-speaking mother-child dyads. Relationships between the quantity of SBR experiences and parental attitudes and beliefs about storybook reading were examined. Findings revealed that mothers predominantly used dialogic reading strategies followed by extra-textual talk, print referencing strategies, and nonverbal strategies. Few correlations were found between parental attitudes and beliefs and the quantity of SBR experiences. Implications for parent training in SBR are discussed.