bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer Stem‐Like Cells‐Oriented Surface Self‐Assembly to Conquer Radioresistance
Authors: Wang Qian , Cao Hongmei , Hou Xiaoxue , Wang Dianyu , Wang Zhilong , Shang Yue , Zhang Shuqin , Liu Jinjian , Ren Chunhua , Liu Jianfeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCancer stem‐like cells (CSCs), capable of indefinite self‐renewal and differentiation, are considered to be the root cause of tumor radiotherapy (RT) resistance. However, the CSCs‐targeted therapy still remains to be a great challenge because they are commonly located in the deep tumor making drugs hard to approach, and their hypoxic and acidic niche can further aggravate radioresistance. Herein, based on the finding that hypoxic CSCs highly express carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) on the cell membrane, a CAIX‐targeted induced in situ self‐assembly system on the surface of CSC is reported to overcome hypoxic CSC‐mediated radioresistance. Via the sequential processes of “monomer release‐target accumulation‐surface self‐assembly”, the constructed peptide‐based drug delivery system (CA‐Pt) exhibits the advantages of deep penetration, amplified CAIX inhibition, and enhanced cellular uptake, which greatly relieves the hypoxic and acidic microenvironment to promote the hypoxic CSC differentiation and combines with platinum to boost the RT‐inducing DNA damage. In both lung cancer tumor mouse and zebrafish embryo models, CA‐Pt treatment can effectively assist RT in suppressing tumor growth and preventing tumor invasion and metastasis. This study uses a surface‐induced self‐assembly strategy to differentiate hypoxic CSCs, which may provide a universal treatment strategy for overcoming tumor radioresistance.
Fabric‐Based Ultrasonic Sensor with Integrated Piezoelectric Composite for Blood Pressure Monitoring
Authors: Li Bin , Wang Tanyu , Luo Dan , Peng Pengfei , Wang Yu , Liu Lu , Wang Huiquan , Liu Hao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBlood pressure is an important indicator that reflects human health status. Since long‐term monitoring of blood pressure waveforms can provide important information for the diagnosis and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Wearable, non‐invasive, and continuous monitoring of blood pressure waveforms have become a current research hotspot. In this paper, a fabric‐based ultrasound sensors are produced for continuous non‐invasive monitoring of blood pressure waveforms by combining an “S”‐shaped stretchable island bridge electrode with a fabric substrate utilizing hot press transfer. The results show that the 4 × 5 array ultrasound sensors can locate arterial vessels deep in the tissue, allowing accurate, and continuous monitoring of blood pressure. Its axial resolution can reach 330 µm, and the elongation at the break of the “S”‐shaped electrode can reach 35.6%. The prepared sensor has good air permeability and stability, and does not cause skin irritation during long‐term wear.
Organic Cation Modulation of Interlayer Exciton Emission in Two‐Dimensional Perovskite/Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Heterostructures
Authors: Yang Dong , Hu Junchao , Chen Yingying , Li Dehui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInterlayer excitons (IXs) are demonstrated in two‐dimensional (2D) perovskite/transition‐metal dichalcogenide (TMD) heterostructures regardless of the lattice match, momentum mismatch, and thermal annealing processes. The broad selection of 2D perovskites and TMDs together with the robust interlayer coupling between constituent layers make 2D perovskite/TMD heterostructures an attractive platform for studying IXs. However, studies on IXs in 2D perovskite/TMD heterostructures are still in their infancy, and how the organic cation affects the IXs in 2D perovskite/TMD heterostructures remains elusive. Herein, this article reports on IXs emission from heterostructures consisting of monolayer WSe2 and 2D perovskites with different organic cations. Notably, by temperature‐dependent photoluminescence studies on (EA)2PbI4/WSe2 and (PEA)2PbI4/WSe2 heterostructures (EA = ethylamine and PEA = phenylethylammonium), it is found that the organic cations of 2D perovskites can effectively change the exciton binding energy of the IXs and thus the emission peak of the IXs. The observed difference can be ascribed to the significant dielectric constant difference between their organic cations. Furthermore, the change in the organic cations can also affect the dipole–dipole interaction and lifetime of IXs. The findings provide critical insights into the 2D perovskite/TMD heterointerfaces and also open up new opportunities for exploiting tunable exciton devices based on IXs.
Unexpected Third‐Order Nonlinear Optical Responses in Two Isomeric Non‐Fused Ring A‐D‐A Electron‐Acceptor Molecules
Authors: Dong Tianyang , Li Jie , Wang Chong , Yu Lingmin , Song Yinglin , Wang Chunru , Jiang Li , Bai Chunli 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe third‐order nonlinear optical properties of NOC6F‐1 and NOC6F‐2, two mutually isomeric noncovalently fused‐ring A‐π‐D‐π‐A electron acceptor molecules, are investigated using the Z‐scan technique in both film and solution forms. NOC6F‐1 possesses a planar structure, whereas NOC6F‐2 has a large dihedral angle between its central and neighboring conjugated units. NOC6F‐2 exhibits clearly superior reverse saturation absorption properties compared to NOC6F‐1, both in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films and in polar solvents such as chloroform and chlorobenzene. In particular, NOC6F‐2/PMMA exhibits a nonlinear absorption coefficient (βeff) of 7.2 × 10−10 m W−1, which is almost an order of magnitude higher than that of NOC6F‐1/PMMA (8.8 × 10−11 m W−1). Density functional theory calculations reveal that NOC6F‐2 has a large dipole moment and second hyperpolarizability owing to its large dihedral angle, which decisively affects its non‐linear optical behavior. In addition to conjugation and charge transfer, the dipole moment is another important factor that enhances the nonlinear optical properties of organic molecules. This study provides useful guidance for the future design of high‐performance organic non‐linear optical materials.
Shaping the Plasmonic Response: Hollow Gold Elliptical Nanotubes
Authors: Yang Shiyu , Huang Ran , Wang Wentao , Zhang Jiaming , Liu Jie , Chen Yonghui , Zhang Shanchao , Zhang Yongliang , Duan Jinglai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHighly tunable localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonances in metal nanostructures are of great importance for manipulating light waves and enhancing light–matter interactions at the nanoscale. Here, a new type of plasmonic resonators based on hollow elliptical nanotubes, which can generate highly tunable LSP resonances in the visible frequencies, are reported. High‐quality hollow gold (Au) elliptical nanotubes with fine controllable size and morphology are experimentally fabricated. Dark‐field scattering measurements reveal the presence of multiple plasmon resonances including longitudinal Fabry–Pérot resonances and transverse hybridized LSP resonances due to rotational symmetry breaking. Upon varying the ellipticity, the hybridized LSP resonances exhibit continuously spectral evolution behaviors, such as the hybridized modes shifting and crossing. The experimental results show good agreement with the rigorous electromagnetic modeling and Raman spectroscopic measurements. The hollow anisotropic geometries provide highly tunable plasmonic responses together with homogeneous field distributions and high surface‐to‐volume ratio, which hold great potential for practical applications in sensing, nonlinear optics, surface‐enhanced spectroscopies, and bio‐medicine.
Plastic Recycling: A Review on Life Cycle, Methods, Misconceptions, and Techno‐Economic Analysis
Authors: Salahuddin Usman , Sun Jiyu , Zhu Chunxiang , Wu Mudi , Zhao Binchao , Gao Pu‐Xian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPlastics are embedded in every inch of the fabric of the society. Although they have played a tremendous role in the progress and development of mankind, they have done equal, if not more, harm to the environment, human health, and marine life. Omnipresence of plastics can be attributed to their low‐cost and scalable production that no other material has yet achieved. Once produced, they are used in almost every mundane as well as niche application. But the equation of its use to disposal is not sustainable and humungous quantities of plastic waste are generated each year. In this review article, the very problem of plastic recycling is explored and analyzed. The life cycle of plastics is explained to depict the vastness and peculiar problems associated with it. Various misconceptions are discussed on plastic use and recycling. False presumptions are challenged to show where efforts to solve this huge problem and need to be directed. Lastly, quantitative efficiency and economic analysis of the available recycling methods are shown to compare their feasibility and indicate potential development direction. Such analyses are very important for the societal transition to a sustainable economy that economically recycles most of its plastic at a commercial scale.
Identification of Cytochrome P450 2E1 as a Novel Target in Glioma and Development of Its Inhibitor as an Anti‐Tumor Agent
Authors: Hu Guiming , Fang Yan , Xu Haiwei , Wang Guanzhe , Yang Rui , Gao Fei , Wei Qingda , Gu Yuhan , Zhang Cunzhen , Qiu Jinhuan , Gao Na , Wen Qiang , Qiao Hailing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating inflammation‐related cancer for which novel therapeutic targets are urgently required. Previous studies of the authors indicate Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) as a novel inflammatory target and develop a specific inhibitor Q11. Here it is demonstrated that CYP2E1 overexpression is closely related to higher malignancy in GBM patients. CYP2E1 activity is positively correlated with tumor weight in GBM rats. Significantly higher CYP2E1 expression accompanied by increased inflammation is detected in a mouse GBM model. Q11, 1‐(4‐methyl‐5‐thialzolyl) ethenone, a newly developed specific inhibitor of CYP2E1 here remarkably attenuates tumor growth and prolongs survival in vivo. Q11 does not directly affect tumor cells but blocks the tumor‐promoting effect of microglia/macrophage (M/Mφ) in the tumor microenvironment through PPARγ‐mediated activation of the STAT‐1 and NF‐κB pathways and inhibition of the STAT‐3 and STAT‐6 pathways. The effectiveness and safety of targeting CYP2E1 in GBM are further supported by studies with Cyp2e1 knockout rodents. In conclusion, a pro‐GBM mechanism in which CYP2E1‐PPARγ‐STAT‐1/NF‐κB/STAT‐3/STAT‐6 axis fueled tumorigenesis by reprogramming M/Mφ and Q11 as a promising anti‐inflammatory agent for GBM treatment is uncovered.
Surgical Sealant with Integrated Shape‐Morphing Dual Modality Ultrasound and Computed Tomography Sensors for Gastric Leak Detection
Authors: Suter Benjamin , Anthis Alexandre H. C. , Zehnder Anna‐Katharina , Mergen Victor , Rosendorf Jachym , Gerken Lukas R. H. , Schlegel Andrea A. , Korcakova Eva , Liska Vaclav , Herrmann Inge K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPostoperative anastomotic leaks are the most feared complications after gastric surgery. For diagnostics clinicians mostly rely on clinical symptoms such as fever and tachycardia, often developing as a result of an already fully developed, i.e., symptomatic, surgical leak. A gastric fluid responsive, dual modality, electronic‐free, leak sensor system integrable into surgical adhesive suture support materials is introduced. Leak sensors contain high atomic number carbonates embedded in a polyacrylamide matrix, that upon exposure to gastric fluid convert into gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2). CO2 bubbles remain entrapped in the hydrogel matrix, leading to a distinctly increased echogenic contrast detectable by a low‐cost and portable ultrasound transducer, while the dissolution of the carbonate species and the resulting diffusion of the cation produces a markedly reduced contrast in computed tomography imaging. The sensing elements can be patterned into a variety of characteristic shapes and can be combined with nonreactive tantalum oxide reference elements, allowing the design of shape‐morphing sensing elements visible to the naked eye as well as artificial intelligence‐assisted automated detection. In summary, shape‐morphing dual modality sensors for the early and robust detection of postoperative complications at deep tissue sites, opening new routes for postoperative patient surveillance using existing hospital infrastructure is reported.
Quantification of Surface Tension Effects and Nucleation‐and‐Growth Rates during Self‐Assembly of Biological Condensates
Authors: Sárkány Zsuzsa , Rocha Fernando , Bratek‐Skicki Anna , Tompa Peter , Macedo‐Ribeiro Sandra , Martins Pedro M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLiquid‐solid and liquid‐liquid phase separation (PS) drives the formation of functional and disease‐associated biological assemblies. Principles of phase equilibrium are here employed to derive a general kinetic solution that predicts the evolution of the mass and size of biological assemblies. Thermodynamically, protein PS is determined by two measurable concentration limits: the saturation concentration and the critical solubility. Due to surface tension effects, the critical solubility can be higher than the saturation concentration for small, curved nuclei. Kinetically, PS is characterized by the primary nucleation rate constant and a combined rate constant accounting for growth and secondary nucleation. It is demonstrated that the formation of a limited number of large condensates is possible without active mechanisms of size control and in the absence of coalescence phenomena. The exact analytical solution can be used to interrogate how the elementary steps of PS are affected by candidate drugs.
Contrast‐Enhanced Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography for Functional Assessment of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Paulus Lars‐Philip , Buehler Adrian , Wagner Alexandra L. , Raming Roman , Jüngert Jörg , Simon David , Tascilar Koray , Schnell Alexander , Rother Ulrich , Eckstein Markus , Lang Werner , Hoerning André , Schett Georg , Neurath Markus F. , Waldner Maximilian J. , Trollmann Regina , Woelfle Joachim , Bohndiek Sarah E , Regensburger Adrian P. , Knieling Ferdinand 
Published: June 2023

AbstractReal‐time imaging and functional assessment of the intestinal tract and its transit pose a significant challenge to conventional clinical diagnostic methods. Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT), a molecular‐sensitive imaging technology, offers the potential to visualize endogenous and exogenous chromophores in deep tissue. Herein, a novel approach using the orally administered clinical‐approved fluorescent dye indocyanine green (ICG) for bedside, non‐ionizing evaluation of gastrointestinal passage is presented. The authors are able to show the detectability and stability of ICG in phantom experiments. Furthermore, ten healthy subjects underwent MSOT imaging at multiple time points over eight hours after ingestion of a standardized meal with and without ICG. ICG signals can be visualized and quantified in different intestinal segments, while its excretion is confirmed by fluorescent imaging of stool samples. These findings indicate that contrast‐enhanced MSOT (CE‐MSOT) provides a translatable real‐time imaging approach for functional assessment of the gastrointestinal tract.
Impact of cattle grazing corn residue in spring on soil and subsequent soybean yield
Authors: Grabau Morgan T. , MacDonald Jim C. , Carlson Zach E. , Drewnoski Mary E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe effects of spring corn (Zea mays) residue grazing and stocking density on soil physical properties and subsequent soybean (Glycine max) yield were evaluated in an experiment with three treatments: no grazing (NG), normal stocking density (NSD), and high stocking density (HSD). The study was conducted over 2 years with four replicates per treatment each year. Steers (277 ± 4.4 kg) were stocked at 7.5 steers/ha for NSD with a target grazing of 45 days starting in mid‐February, and 22.5 steers/ha for HSD with a target grazing of 15 days in mid‐March, such that the stocking rate was equal. Bulk density, penetration resistance, and surface roughness were measured pre‐ and post‐planting. At 0‐to‐5‐ and 5‐to‐10‐cm depths, bulk density and penetration resistance were greater (p < 0.01) for NSD than NG. There was no difference in bulk density (p ≥ 0.45) between grazed treatments. At 0–5 cm, penetration resistance was not different (p = 0.29) between grazed treatments. For 5–10 cm, penetration resistance was greater (p = 0.02) for HSD compared to NSD. Surface roughness was greater (p < 0.01) for NSD than NG, and greater (p < 0.01) for HSD than NSD. There was no difference (p ≥ 0.34) in soybean emergence among treatments. Soybean yield was less (p < 0.01) for NG than NSD, but did not differ (p = 0.06) between NSD and HSD. The results indicate that spring grazing may cause minor compaction without reducing subsequent soybean yield.
Self‐reporting fluorescence deciphers the antibacterial nature of cationic amphiphiles: Monomer or aggregate?
Authors: Zhou Chengcheng , Ding Zeyu , Guan Weijiang , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCationic amphiphile aggregates exhibit superior antibacterial activity than monomers. However, the antimicrobial mechanism of aggregates has not been well understood because it is difficult to distinguish and monitor aggregate and monomer in antimicrobial process. Herein, three bola‐type cationic amphiphiles with aggregation‐induced emission property have been developed to show distinguishable fluorescence in their monomer and aggregate. The hydrophilicity of monomer and the stability of aggregate are finely tuned by tailoring the linkers between two quaternary ammonium end groups and tetraphenylethylene skeleton. The sensitive fluorescence switching of monomer and aggregate achieves the quantitative monitoring of dynamic interaction of three amphiphiles with bacteria. The aggregates with cationic charges first attach to bacterial surface, and the monomers subsequently dissociate from aggregates to penetrate bacterial membrane. Further, our results reveal the vital role of stability of aggregates during antimicrobial process, shedding light on the rational design of high‐efficient antimicrobials.
Acidic protic ionic liquid‐based deep eutectic solvents capturing SO2 with low enthalpy changes
Authors: Zhang Ping , Tu Zhuoheng , Zhang Xiaomin , Hu Xingbang , Wu Youting 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith the aim of lowering energy consumption for gas regeneration, rational design of absorbents with low absorption enthalpy changes while retaining good gas solubility is of both scientific and practical significance. Herein, we demonstrated that acidic protic ionic liquid (APIL)‐based deep eutectic solvents (DESs), which comprise N‐ethylimidazole hydrochloride ([EimH]Cl) and ethylene glycol (EG), were able to reversibly absorb SO2 with high solubility (11.60 mol kg−1) and SO2/CO2 selectivity (655) at 293.2 K and 101.3 kPa. Meanwhile, [EimH]Cl/EG DESs exhibit very low enthalpy changes (ΔrHm) ranging from −27.1 to −25.6 kJ mol−1, and thus ease of desorption at very mild temperature conditions (303.2 K) with desorption ratios up to 99.6%. Recycling experiments showed that no obvious loss in capacity was found after six absorption–desorption cycles, suggesting good regeneration performance of [EimH]Cl/EG DESs. Moreover, spectroscopic analysis revealed the charge‐transfer interaction between [EimH]Cl/EG and SO2.
A comparative study of robusticity indices of long bones among hunter‐gatherers and early agro‐pastoral groups of India
Authors: Sikdar Asmita , Mushrif‐Tripathy Veena 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesDiaphyseal robusticity and cross‐sectional shapes of the bone tissues are influenced by mechanical loading history. It changes according to work demand on the body. It is the objective of this study to identify the shifts in the modes of subsistence, activities and mobility patterns through the comparison of the shape and strength of bone diaphyses among the Mesolithic, Chalcolithic and Harappan populations of India.Materials and MethodsFor the analysis, 7 sites including 2 from Mesolithic (8000–4000 bc), 2 from Chalcolithic (2000–700 bc) and 3 from Harappan (3500–1800 bc) contexts are considered. The ratio obtained from the maximum length of the bones to their girth (at 50% or 35% from the distal end) and that from anterior‐posterior and medio‐lateral diameters were calculated (following Martin and Saller codes, 1957) to understand certain functional adaptations and stress markers on preserved long bones. Independent‐sample T‐tests and ANOVA were applied to detect mean differences of statistical significance within and between cultures.ResultsThe robusticity indices obtained from the humeri increase from the hunting‐gathering phase (M/F; 19.39/18.45) to the Chalcolithic phase (M/F; 21.99/19.39) showing a slight drop in the Harappan phase (M/F; 18.58/18.37). The right humeri of Mesolithic females show a directional asymmetry of length (4.08%–5.13%) while that in males reach up to 26.09% indicating right‐dominant lateralization. In the Harappan phase, females show a greater value for the right ranging from 0.31% to 3.07%. The femoral robusticity of females increases from 11.42 in hunting‐gathering societies to 13.28 in Harappan times while mid‐shaft of the Mesolithic population clearly shows greater loading along the anterior–posterior (A–P) plane as the index in most cases exceeds 100. There are significant differences among males and females within each group in terms of the indices but significant differences could be discerned between the Mesolithic, Chalcolithic and Harappan populations in case of tibiae, radii and ulnae only.ConclusionThe occupation patterns certainly changed as humans became a food‐producer from a hunter‐gatherer. Occupations involving the extensive flexion and extension of upper limbs in the Chalcolithic period increase particularly in the Harappan phase. Sedentism gave rise to roundness of the femur and reduced the magnitude of lateralization. While equal level of mobility can be traced in case of both the sexes before the advent of agriculture, this distinction increases between the males and females in the agro‐pastoral phases.
Limits on Dark Photons, Scalars, and Axion‐Electromagnetodynamics with the ORGAN Experiment
Authors: McAllister Ben T. , Quiskamp Aaron , O'Hare Ciaran A. J. , Altin Paul , Ivanov Eugene N. , Goryachev Maxim , Tobar Michael E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAxions are a well‐motivated dark matter candidate, with a host of experiments around the world searching for direct evidence of their existence. The ORGAN Experiment is a type of axion detector known as an axion haloscope, which takes the form of a cryogenic resonant cavity embedded in a strong magnetic field. ORGAN recently completed Phase 1a, a scan for axions ≈65 µeV, and placed the most stringent limits to date on the dark matter axion–photon coupling in this region, . It has been shown that axion haloscopes such as ORGAN are automatically sensitive to other kinds of dark matter candidates, such as dark photons, scalar field/dilaton dark matter, and exotic axion–electromagnetic couplings motivated by quantum electromagnetodynamics. The exclusion limits placed on these various dark matter candidates are computed by ORGAN 1a, and sensitivity for some future ORGAN phases are projected. In particular, the dark photon limits are the most sensitive to date in some regions of the parameter space.