bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BGNet: Boundary‐guided network for polyp segmentation
Authors: Gao Shanglei , Zhan Yinwei , Chen Zijun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractColonoscopy is one of the most direct and effective methods for detecting colon polyps; they are crucial for early screening and prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC). Accurate segmentation of polyp images is significant for the clinical management and treatment of CRC. However, polyp image segmentation is a challenging task because polyps vary in size, shape, and color, and have low contrast with the surrounding tissue and mucosa. To address these challenges, we propose a novel network called BGNet for polyp segmentation. BGNet consists of three modules: a boundary feature extraction module (BFEM), a mutual optimization module (MOM), and a convolutional attention module (CBAM). The BFEM extracts boundary features and predicts boundary maps, which complement and guide region features to accurately predict polyp regions and help BGNet generate precise prediction masks. The MOM optimizes the extracted features to enhance fine‐grained feature representation. The CBAM performs attention operations on the feature map to focus on informative regions and suppress irrelevant information. We conduct quantitative and qualitative evaluations on five benchmark datasets, and the results show that BGNet outperforms other methods and has strong learning ability and generalization ability.
The spouse effect and CEO risk‐taking
Authors: Du Qianqian , Li Valerie , Wang Lin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe examine how a CEO's family life affects their corporate decisions. Specifically, we investigate whether a CEO's spouse's professional status affects the CEO's risk‐taking behavior. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms from the 2010 to 2012 period, we find evidence that CEOs with spouses who are professionals, defined as working spouses, spouses holding graduate degrees, or spouses graduated from Ivy League schools, tend to adopt riskier corporate policies. Our evidence suggests that firms led by CEOs with professional spouses exhibit higher accounting return volatility, make more aggressive financial reporting decisions, and invest more in risky assets. We do not find a significant association between professional spouses and firms’ market return volatility. Our results are consistent with the indirect channel theory, which suggests that CEOs with professional spouses might be inclined to undertake higher risks, potentially stemming from heightened conflicts between family and work commitments or improved wealth diversification attributed to their spouses' professional standing.
Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal protective effects on heart of hibernating Daurian ground squirrels
Authors: Yang Yingyu , Hao Ziwei , An Ning , Han Yuting , Miao Weilan , Storey Kenneth B. , Lefai Etienne , Liu Xiaoxuan , Wang Junshu , Liu Shuo , Xie Manjiang , Chang Hui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHibernating mammals are natural models of resistance to ischemia, hypoxia‐reperfusion injury, and hypothermia. Daurian ground squirrels (spermophilus dauricus) can adapt to endure multiple torpor‐arousal cycles without sustaining cardiac damage. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms that underlie this adaptive response are not yet fully understood. This study investigates morphological, functional, genetic, and metabolic changes that occur in the heart of ground squirrels in three groups: summer active (SA), late torpor (LT), and interbout arousal (IBA). Morphological and functional changes in the heart were measured using hematoxylin‐eosin (HE) staining, Masson staining, echocardiography, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results showed significant changes in cardiac function in the LT group as compared with SA or IBA groups, but no irreversible damage occurred. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenotypic changes, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted to assess differential changes in gene expression and metabolite levels in the three groups of ground squirrels, with a focus on GO and KEGG pathway analysis. Transcriptomic analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were involved in the remodeling of cytoskeletal proteins, reduction in protein synthesis, and downregulation of the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway during hibernation (including LT and IBA groups), as compared with the SA group. Metabolomic analysis revealed increased free amino acids, activation of the glutathione antioxidant system, altered cardiac fatty acid metabolic preferences, and enhanced pentose phosphate pathway activity during hibernation as compared with the SA group. Combining the transcriptomic and metabolomic data, active mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and creatine‐phosphocreatine energy shuttle systems were observed, as well as inhibition of ferroptosis signaling pathways during hibernation as compared with the SA group. In conclusion, these results provide new insights into cardio‐protection in hibernators from the perspective of gene and metabolite changes and deepen our understanding of adaptive cardio‐protection mechanisms in mammalian hibernators.
Applying the R = MC2 implementation science heuristic to assess the impact of readiness on reach and implementation of a population‐wide genomic screening program
Authors: Allen Caitlin G. , Hunt Kelly J. , Jackson Amy , Baierl Joseph , McMahon Lori L. , Judge Daniel P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPopulation‐wide genomic screening for genes that have high penetrance and clinical actionability enhances the opportunity to identify individuals at risk for developing hereditary conditions. Organizational readiness has been shown to influence the likelihood of successful implementation of complex initiatives such as the integration of population‐wide genomic screening in clinical settings. We use the organizational readiness heuristic R = MC2 to better understand three factors that influence readiness for implementation of In Our DNA SC, a population‐wide genomic screening program: motivation to implement, general capacity of an organization, and innovation‐specific capacities. We then assessed the influence of these readiness factors on implementation outcomes of reach (measured through enrollment rate) and implementation (measured through the number of DNA samples collected). Data were collected pre‐implementation and captured during the three‐month pilot phase of the In Our DNA SC program. We collected administrative data from the electronic health record and quantitatively captured elements of readiness through surveys distributed to provider champions and clinical administrative champions at the 10 sites implementing the population‐wide genomic screening program. We facilitated innovation‐specific capacity through training offered at each site, as well as technical assistance through weekly meetings with other implementing sites, and resources available to all staff. Forty percent of provider champions attended training and 80% of administrative champions attended training. An average of 3.7 additional staff were trained at each implementing site. Satisfaction with training positively influenced reach (β = 0.0121, p = 0.0271) but did not impact implementation. Provider engagement (innovation capabilities) was associated with reach (β = 0.0020, p = 0.0251) and clinical administrator engagement was associated with sample collection rate (β = 0.2599, β = 0.038). Readiness to change is considered one of the most important factors in understanding the potential opportunity for implementation. We found that motivation to adopt a population‐wide genomic screening program positively impacted the program's reach. The type of champion influenced discrete outcomes, with provider champions positively impacting reach and administrative champions influencing implementation (assessed through sample collection rate). As genomics continues to be integrated into clinical practice, it will be important to understand the contextual factors that influence readiness for implementation and design support throughout the life‐course of implementation to ensure the success of large‐scale, complex initiatives.
The effects of resident work hours on well‐being, performance, and education: A review from a Japanese perspective
Authors: Nagasaki Kazuya , Kobayashi Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article examines the impact of working‐hour restrictions on the well‐being, performance, and education of medical residents in Japan. Despite Japan's plan to introduce new regulations for resident working hours by 2024, there is still an ongoing debate regarding their appropriateness. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current regulations of resident working hours worldwide, with a specific focus on weekly hours. The varying regulations are highlighted, including the 80‐hour‐per‐week regulation in the United States and the 48‐h‐per‐week regulation in the European Union influencing other regions. The article also discusses the effectiveness of working‐hour restrictions on residents' mental health, with shorter working hours having potentially greater benefits. However, the impacts on medical safety and resident education are mixed, and further reduction in working hours must be carefully considered to avoid adverse effects. The planned changes to working‐hour limits for residents in Japan offer a unique opportunity to gain new evidence on the impact of such regulations, which will be of interest to policymakers and researchers worldwide.
Evaluation of statistical methods used to meta‐analyse results from interrupted time series studies: A simulation study
Authors: Korevaar Elizabeth , Turner Simon L. , Forbes Andrew B. , Karahalios Amalia , Taljaard Monica , McKenzie Joanne E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInterrupted time series (ITS) are often meta‐analysed to inform public health and policy decisions but examination of the statistical methods for ITS analysis and meta‐analysis in this context is limited. We simulated meta‐analyses of ITS studies with continuous outcome data, analysed the studies using segmented linear regression with two estimation methods [ordinary least squares (OLS) and restricted maximum likelihood (REML)], and meta‐analysed the immediate level‐ and slope‐change effect estimates using fixed‐effect and (multiple) random‐effects meta‐analysis methods. Simulation design parameters included varying series length; magnitude of lag‐1 autocorrelation; magnitude of level‐ and slope‐changes; number of included studies; and, effect size heterogeneity. All meta‐analysis methods yielded unbiased estimates of the interruption effects. All random effects meta‐analysis methods yielded coverage close to the nominal level, irrespective of the ITS analysis method used and other design parameters. However, heterogeneity was frequently overestimated in scenarios where the ITS study standard errors were underestimated, which occurred for short series or when the ITS analysis method did not appropriately account for autocorrelation. The performance of meta‐analysis methods depends on the design and analysis of the included ITS studies. Although all random effects methods performed well in terms of coverage, irrespective of the ITS analysis method, we recommend the use of effect estimates calculated from ITS methods that adjust for autocorrelation when possible. Doing so will likely to lead to more accurate estimates of the heterogeneity variance.
Response of soil respiration and carbon budget to irrigation quantity/quality and biochar addition in a mulched maize field under drip irrigation
Authors: Chen Yang , Wang Lu , Tong Ling , Hao Xinmei , Ding Risheng , Li Sien , Kang Shaozhong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiochar addition strongly alters net carbon (C) balance in agroecosystems. However, the effects of biochar addition on net C balance of maize field under various irrigation water quantities and qualities remains unclear. Thus, a field experiment combining two irrigation levels of full (W1) and deficit irrigation (W2 = 1/2 W1), two water salinity levels of fresh (S0, 0.71 g L−1) and brackish water (S1, 4 g L−1), and two biochar addition rates of 0 t ha−1 (B0) and 60 t ha−1 (B1) was conducted to investigate soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, maize C sequestration and C budget.RESULTSCompared with W1, W2 reduced average cumulative CO2 emissions by 6.5% and 19.9% for 2020 and 2021, respectively. The average cumulative CO2 emissions under W1S1 treatments were 5.4% and 22.3% lower than W1S0 for 2020 and 2021, respectively, whereas W2S0 and W2S1 had similar cumulative CO2 emissions in both years. Biochar addition significantly increased cumulative CO2 emissions by 17.8–23.5% for all water and salt treatments in 2020, and reduced average cumulative CO2 emissions by 11.9% for W1 but enhanced it by 8.0% for W2 in 2021. Except for W2S1, biochar addition effectively increased total maize C sequestration by 6.9–14.8% for the other three treatments through ameliorating water and salt stress over the 2 years. Compared with W1S0, W1S1 did not affect net C sequestration, but W2 treatments significantly decreased it. Biochar addition increased net C sequestration by 39.47–43.65 t C ha−1 for four water and salt treatments for the 2 years.CONCLUSIONThese findings demonstrate that biochar addition is an effective strategy to increase both crop C sequestration and soil C storage under suitable water‐saving irrigation methods in arid regions with limited freshwater resources. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Respiratory Sensing Lead Malfunction in Upper Airway Stimulation: A Single Institution Report
Authors: Islam Albina S. , Pingree Graham , Chafin Andrew , Fitzpatrick Thomas H. , Nord Ryan S. 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesUpper airway stimulation (UAS) is an effective treatment for patients with obstructive sleep apnea. The device consists of a stimulating electrode, an internal pulse generator, and a respiratory sensing lead. The purpose of this study is to characterize the incidence of sensing lead malfunction necessitating revision surgery in a high‐volume center in conjunction with a review of the FDA Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database reports on adverse events associated with the sensing lead component.MethodsPatients age ≥18 implanted with the device were reviewed between July 2017 and June 2022. Those determined to have sensing lead malfunction were analyzed. The FDA MAUDE database was reviewed for reports associated with “Inspire Model 4323 Respiratory” and “Inspire Model 4340 Respiratory” between January 2014 and September 2022.ResultsOne hundred ninety patients underwent UAS at our institution during the study period and four (2.1%) patients were found to have sensing lead malfunction. Analysis of the MAUDE database revealed 122 reports of adverse events associated with the sensing lead component, with 72% (88/122) of these requiring revision surgery. The most frequently reported adverse event was sensing lead tip separation from lead body, noted in 46% of these reports (56/122).ConclusionThe functionality of the sensing lead component is vital to the integrity of the UAS device and is measurable through waveform analysis. To provide optimal care after device implantation, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of the scenarios in which this component fails, the incidence of such events, and appropriate management.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:1479–1484, 2024
Effect of different anion intercalations on the corrosion resistance of layered double hydroxides on the surface of LA43M
Authors: Zhang Jumei , Lian Duoduo , Li Jiacheng , Zhang Mengchun , Wang Zhihu , Wu Jingwen , Wang Chaochao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLayered double hydroxides (LDH) are widely used in the field of Mg alloy surface protection due to their interlayer anion exchangeable and physical barrier. To explore the effect of corrosion inhibitor modification on the growth and corrosion resistance of LDH coating, MgAl‐NO3−‐LDH precursor film was obtained on the surface of LA43M alloy by in situ growth method, and then MgAl‐V2O74−‐LDH, MgAl−Cl−‐LDH and MgAl‐ASP‐LDH were prepared by the ion exchange method. The morphology, composition, and corrosion resistance of the LDH film with different anion intercalation were studied systematically by scanning electron microscope, energy disperse spectroscopy, X‐ray diffractometer, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and electrochemical tests. The results show that the modified LDH nanosheets are larger in size and uniformly tightly bonded to the substrate, and the thickness of the film is increased. Electrochemical tests and hydrogen precipitation experiments demonstrated that all four LDH films provided protection to the substrate, and the corrosion resistance of the V2O74−, Cl− and ASP‐containing films modified by corrosion inhibitors was improved compared with that of the precursor films, among which the MgAl‐V2O74−‐LDH had the best corrosion resistance.
Smart speakers and customer experience in service contexts
Authors: Ruiz‐Equihua Daniel , Romero Jaime , Casaló Luis V. , Loureiro Sandra María Correia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe use of artificial intelligence‐based devices, such as smart speakers, is rising in frontline services, as such devices can perform several tasks for customers. However, little is known about customer responses to interactions with smart speakers that occur during service encounters. This research encompasses three studies intended to enhance our currently scarce knowledge of how customers respond to interactions with smart speakers during service encounters. Focusing on the hospitality industry, the first study shows that smart speakers improve evaluations of the hotels that use them in terms of customer ratings and positive affects. The second study demonstrates that automated social presence and psychological ownership feelings are key mechanisms that explain the development of valuable customer responses. The third study, which uses virtual reality, suggests that better actual behaviors are exhibited by people who appreciate the incorporation of smart speakers into services. Thus, the findings indicate that smart speakers improve service experiences, especially if used to carry out hedonic tasks usually performed by employees.
Variation in executive function relates toBMIincreases in youth who were initially of a healthy weight in theABCDStudy
Authors: Adise Shana , Ottino‐Gonzalez Jonatan , Goedde Lauren , Marshall Andrew T. , Kan Eric , Rhee Kyung E. , Goran Michael I. , Sowell Elizabeth R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe study aim was to determine whether (A) differences in executive function (EF) and cognition precede weight gain or (B) weight gain causes changes to EF and cognition.MethodsData were gathered from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (release 4.0; ages 9–12 years old [N = 2794]; 100% had healthy weight at baseline [i.e., 9/10 years old], 12.4% had unhealthy weight by ages 11/12 years). EF and cognition were assessed across several domains (e.g., impulsivity, inhibitory control, processing speed, memory); BMI was calculated from height and weight. Nested random‐effects mixed models examined (A) BMI ~ EF × Time (i.e., variation in EF/cognition precedes weight gain) and (B) EF ~ BMI × Time (weight gain causes changes to EF/cognition) and controlled for sex, puberty, and caregiver education; random effects were site and subject.ResultsVariation in impulsivity, memory, learning, and processing speed was associated with greater increases in BMI trajectories from 9 to 12 years old. Weight gain was associated with a decrease in inhibitory control, but no other associations were observed.ConclusionsUnderlying variation in EF and cognition may be important for weight gain, but 2 years of weight gain may not be enough to have clinical implications for EF and cognition beyond inhibitory control. These findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the inclusion of EF programs in obesity prevention efforts.
Association of fat mass and fat‐free mass with all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality in Asian individuals: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Ying Zhijun , Wen Chi Pang , Tu Huakang , Li Wanlu , Pan Sai , Li Yizhan , Luo Yihong , Zhu Zecheng , Yang Min , Song Zhenya , Chu David Ta‐Wei , Wu Xifeng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe study's objective was to investigate the association of fat mass index (FMI) and fat‐free mass index (FFMI) with all‐cause mortality and cause‐specific mortality in the Chinese population.MethodsA total of 422,430 participants (48.1% men and 51.9% women) from the Taiwan MJ Cohort with an average follow‐up of 9 years were included.ResultsThe lowest (Q1) and highest (Q5) quintiles of FMI and FFMI were associated with increased all‐cause mortality. Compared with those in the third quintile (Q3) group of FMI, participants in Q1 and Q5 groups of FMI had hazard ratios and 95% CI of 1.32 (1.24–1.40) and 1.13 (1.06–1.20), respectively. Similarly, compared with those in Q3 group of FFMI, people in Q1 and Q5 groups of FFMI had hazard ratios of 1.14 (1.06–1.23) and 1.16 (1.10–1.23), respectively. In the restricted cubic spline models, both FMI and FFMI showed a J‐shaped association with all‐cause mortality. People in Q5 group of FFMI had a hazard ratio of 0.72 (0.58–0.89) for respiratory disease.ConclusionsThe mortality risk increases in those with excessively high or low FMI and FFMI, yet the associations between FMI, FFMI, and the risk of death varied across subgroups and causes of death.
Effects of short‐term supervised exercise training on liver fat in adolescents with obesity: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tas Emir , Landes Reid D. , Diaz Eva C. , Bai Shasha , Ou Xiawei , Buchmann Robert , Na Xiaoxu , Muzumdar Radhika , Børsheim Elisabet , Dranoff Jonathan A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to quantify the effects of a 4‐week, supervised, high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) on intrahepatic triglyceride content (IHTG, percentage), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and cardiometabolic markers in adolescents with obesity.MethodsA total of 40 adolescents (age 13–18 y, BMI 36.7 ± 5.8 kg/m2) at risk for metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) based on obesity and elevated Fibroscan measured controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) scores were randomized to HIIT three times a week for 4 weeks (n = 34) or observation (control; n = 6). Liver magnetic resonance imaging proton‐density fat‐fraction (MRI‐PDFF), CAP, oral glucose tolerance test, serum alanine aminotransferase, dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry, and CRF tests were performed before and after intervention. Within‐ and between‐group differences were compared.ResultsA total of 13 (38%) and 4 (66%) children had MASLD by MRI‐PDFF (IHTG ≥ 5%) in the HIIT and control groups, respectively. The implemented HIIT protocol had no impact on CRF or IHTG (baseline 5.26%, Δ = −0.31 percentage points, 95% CI: −0.77 to 0.15; p = 0.179), but it decreased the 2‐h glucose concentration (baseline 116 mg/dL, Δ = −11 mg/dL; 95% CI: −17.6 to −5.5; p < 0.001). When limiting the analysis to participants with MASLD (n = 17), HIIT decreased IHTG (baseline 8.81%, Δ = −1.05 percentage points, 95% CI: −2.08 to −0.01; p = 0.048). Between‐group comparisons were not different.ConclusionsThe implemented exercise protocol did not reduce IHTG, but it led to modest improvement in markers of cardiometabolic health.