bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient (3, 3)-isogenies on fast Kummer surfaces
Authors: Corte-Real Santos Maria , Costello Craig , Smith Benjamin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe give an alternative derivation of (N, N)-isogenies between fast Kummer surfaces which complements existing works based on the theory of theta functions. We use this framework to produce explicit formulæ for the case of $$N=3$$

N
=
3

, and show that the resulting algorithms are more efficient than all prior (3, 3)-isogeny algorithms.
Opportunities for U.S.–China nuclear tension-reduction
Authors: Bunn Matthew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Intense current U.S.–China hostility and distrust undermines the national interests of both sides, increasing the risks of conflict and decreasing the prospects for mutually beneficial cooperation. Reducing tensions will require compromises by both China and the United States. It would be difficult to achieve real trust between the U.S. and Chinese governments—but the record of U.S.–Soviet and U.S.–Russian nuclear arms control suggests that nuclear arms restraints are possible even between countries that see each other as adversaries. If China continues its current nuclear buildup with no restraints and no indication of where it is headed, it will force the United States to assume the worst and respond accordingly, potentially provoking a major nuclear arms race. Such competition would undermine China’s national security and likely destroy prospects for negotiated arms control. While China understandably rejects the idea of treaties that would permanently lock it into nuclear inferiority, some forms of nuclear restraint would serve China’s national interests by limiting the dangers of such an arms competition and potentially limiting U.S. forces and actions that China considers threatening. The Chinese government should instruct its nuclear experts and American politics experts to work together to develop proposals that would serve China’s interest and have a realistic chance of being negotiated.
Maternal Emotion Coaching and Child Emotion Regulation: Within-Interaction Sequences in Early Childhood
Authors: Zhu Danhua , Lozada Fantasy T , Smith Cynthia L , Bell Martha Ann , Dunsmore Julie C 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEmotion socialization is a dynamic transactional process that unfolds at the moment during parent-child interactions. To better understand these transactions (both parent-driven and child-driven) in early childhood, we conducted a lag-sequential analysis examining sequential contingency between maternal emotion coaching and child emotion regulation at ages 3 and 4 years. Mother-child dyads in the southeastern United States (N = 208 for age 3 timepoint [101 boys, 107 girls] and 227 for age 4 timepoint [115 boys, 112 girls]) participated in a laboratory etch-a-sketch task, which was videorecorded and later observationally coded for maternal coaching of both positive and negative emotions and for child emotion regulation (indexed as compliance, engagement, and low frustration) at 30-s intervals. At age 3, we found two reciprocal sequences: (1) When mothers coached positive emotions, children were subsequently more likely to show compliance, and when children complied, mothers were subsequently more likely to coach their positive emotions; (2) when mothers coached negative emotions, children were subsequently more likely to display frustration, and when children showed frustration, mothers were subsequently more likely to coach their negative emotions. At age 4, we only found parent-driven, positive emotion–related sequences: when mothers coached positive emotions, children were subsequently more likely to show compliance and engagement. Findings shed light on the distinct functions of positive and negative emotions as well as the intricacy of dynamic emotion socialization transactions in relation to child emotion regulation during early childhood.
Using δ15N of Amino Acids and Nitrate to Investigate Particle Production and Transformation in the Ocean: A Case Study From the Eastern Tropical North Pacific Oxygen Deficient Zone
Authors: Lee Charlotte Wing Man , Altabet Mark , Mnich Alanna , Zhang Lin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe eastern tropical North Pacific oxygen deficient zone (ETNP‐ODZ) exhibits a distinct physical and biological environment compared to other oxygenated water columns, leading to a unique scenario of particulate organic matter (POM) production and vertical transport. To elucidate these biological pump processes, we present the first comparison of δ15N values of nitrate, phenylalanine (Phe), and glutamic acid (Glu) within two distinct size fractions of particles collected along a productivity gradient in the ETNP‐ODZ. Low δ15NPhe and δ15NGlu values in both particle pools at sites with prominent secondary chlorophyll maximum (SCM), compared to the ambient δ15N‐NO3−, suggest the presence of recycled N‐utilizing primary producers distinct from those at the primary chlorophyll maximum and their contribution to export. We observed reduced 15N enrichment of Phe in small particles and a narrower δ15NPhe disparity between the two particle size fractions compared to the results from oxic waters, likely due to slower heterotrophic microbial degradation of small particles. Unique δ15NPhe and δ15NGlu signatures of particles were found at the lower oxycline, potentially attributable to chemoautotrophic production and zooplankton mediation. These findings underscore the need for further investigations targeting particles generated at the SCM, their subsequent alteration by zooplankton, and the new production by chemoautotrophs. This will allow for a better evaluation of the efficiency of the biological pump in the globally expanding ODZs under contemporary climate change.
The impact of ovulation-suppressing contraceptives on behavioral and functional difficulties in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Katrinli Seyma , Rothbaum Alex O. , DeMoss Raneeka , Turner William C. , Hunter Ben , Powers Abigail , Michopoulos Vasiliki , Smith Alicia K. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBorderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterized by rapidly shifting emotional, interpersonal, and behavioral symptoms, often co-morbid with mood and anxiety disorders. Females are more likely to be diagnosed with BPD than males and exhibit greater functional impairment. Hormonal fluctuations may influence the manifestation of BPD symptoms. Here, we investigated the influence of ovulation-suppressing contraceptives on behavioral and functional difficulties in BPD. The sample included 348 females ages 18-50 undergoing residential treatment for psychiatric disorders, with 131 having a BPD diagnosis. Patients were categorized by their contraceptive method: Ovulation-suppressing contraceptives (N = 145) and naturally cycling (N = 203). Interaction models tested the impact of ovulation-suppressing contraceptives on the relationship between BPD diagnosis and behavioral and functional difficulties at admission and discharge, assessed by the four Behavior and Symptom Identification Scale (BASIS-32) domains: difficulties in relationships, daily living, depression/anxiety, and impulsivity. Females with a BPD diagnosis were more likely to use ovulation-suppressing contraceptives compared to those without BPD (p = 0.04). However, ovulation-suppressing contraceptive use was not associated with behavioral and functional difficulties at admission, discharge, or over time. Ovulation-suppressing contraceptives moderated the association between BPD diagnosis and difficulties in relationships (p = 0.004), difficulties in daily living (p = 0.01), and depression/anxiety symptoms (p = 0.004). Specifically, patients with BPD experienced more behavioral and functional difficulties only if naturally cycling, whereas patients without BPD showed higher symptom severity only if using ovulation-suppressing contraceptives. Our findings suggest that the impact of ovulation-suppressing contraceptives on behavioral and functional difficulties varies depending on BPD diagnosis and underscores the need for further clinical studies.
Influence of aluminium distribution on the diffusion mechanisms and pairing of [Cu(NH3)2]+ complexes in Cu-CHA
Authors: Bjerregaard Joachim D. , Votsmeier Martin , Grönbeck Henrik 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe performance of Cu-exchanged chabazite (Cu-CHA) for the ammonia-assisted selective catalytic reduction of NOx (NH3-SCR) depends critically on the presence of paired $${[{{{\rm{Cu}}}}{({{{{\rm{NH}}}}}_{3})}_{2}]}^{+}$$

[

Cu

(

NH

3

)

2

]

+

complexes. Here, a machine-learning force field augmented with long-range Coulomb interactions is developed to investigate the effect of Al-distribution and Cu-loading on the mobility and pairing of $${[{{{\rm{Cu}}}}{({{{{\rm{NH}}}}}_{3})}_{2}]}^{+}$$

[

Cu

(

NH

3

)

2

]

+

complexes. Performing unbiased and constrained molecular dynamics simulations, we obtain unique information inaccessible to first-principle calculations and experiments. The free energy barrier for $${[{{{\rm{Cu}}}}{({{{{\rm{NH}}}}}_{3})}_{2}]}^{+}$$

[

Cu

(

NH

3

)

2

]

+

diffusion between CHA-cages depends sensitively on both the local and distant Al-distribution. Importantly, certain Al-distributions and arrangements of neighboring $${[{{{\rm{Cu}}}}{({{{{\rm{NH}}}}}_{3})}_{2}]}^{+}$$

[

Cu

(

NH

3

)

2

]

+

and $${{{{{\rm{NH}}}}}_{4}}^{+}$$

NH

4

+

cations make paired $${[{{{\rm{Cu}}}}{({{{{\rm{NH}}}}}_{3})}_{2}]}^{+}$$

[

Cu

(

NH

3

)

2

]

+

complexes exothermic with respect to separated configurations. Our results suggest that the NH3-SCR activity can be enhanced by increasing the Cu-loading and Al-content. The dynamic interplay between $${[{{{\rm{Cu}}}}{({{{{\rm{NH}}}}}_{3})}_{2}]}^{+}$$

[

Cu

(

NH

3

)

2

]

+

and $${{{{{\rm{NH}}}}}_{4}}^{+}$$

NH

4

+

diffusion is crucial for the $${[{{{\rm{Cu}}}}{({{{{\rm{NH}}}}}_{3})}_{2}]}^{+}$$

[

Cu

(

NH

3

)

2

]

+

mobility and stresses the need to explore large systems including long-range Coulomb interactions when studying diffusion of charged species in zeolites.
mosGILT antibodies interfere with Plasmodium sporogony in Anopheles gambiae
Authors: Dolan Brady , Correa Gaviria Tomás , Dong Yuemei , Cresswell Peter , Dimopoulos George , Chuang Yu-Min , Fikrig Erol 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPlasmodium, the causative agents of malaria, are obtained by mosquitoes from an infected human. Following Plasmodium acquisition by Anopheles gambiae, mosquito gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (mosGILT) plays a critical role in its subsequent sporogony in the mosquito. A critical location for this development is the midgut, a tissue we show expresses mosGILT. Using membrane-feeding and murine infection models, we demonstrate that antibodies against mosGILT reduce the number of P. falciparum and P. berghei oocysts in the midgut and the infection prevalence of both species in the mosquito. mosGILT antibodies act in the mosquito midgut, specifically impacting the Plasmodium oocyst stage. Targeting mosGILT can therefore interfere with the Plasmodium life cycle in the mosquito and potentially serve as a transmission-blocking vaccine.
Chromosome-level Genome Assembly of Korean Long-tailed Chicken and Pangenome of 40 Gallus gallus Assemblies
Authors: Shin Hanshin D. , Park Wonchoul , Chai Han-ha , Lee Youngho , Jung Jaehoon , Ko Byung June , Kim Heebal 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study presents the first chromosome-level genome assembly of the Korean long-tailed chicken (KLC), a unique breed of Gallus gallus known as Ginkkoridak. Our assembly achieved a super contig N50 of 5.7 Mbp and a scaffold N50 exceeding 90 Mb, with a genome completeness of 96.3% as assessed by BUSCO using the aves_odb10 set. We also constructed a comprehensive pangenome graph, incorporating 40 Gallus gallus assemblies, including the KLC genome. This graph comprises 87,934,214 nodes, 121,720,974 edges, and a total sequence length of 1,709,850,352 bp. Notably, our KLC assembly contributed 1,919,925 bp of new sequences to the pangenome, underscoring the unique genetic makeup of this breed. Furthermore, in comparison with the pangenome, we identified 36,818 structural variants in KLC, which included 2,529 insertions, 27,743 deletions, and 6,546 of either insertions or deletions shorter than 1 kb. We also successfully identified pan-genome wide non-reference sequences. Our KLC assembly and pangenome graph provide valuable genomic resources for studying G. gallus populations.
Measurement of ship-generated waves in German coastal waterways from 1998–2022
Authors: Seemann Arne , Melling Gregor 
Published: January 2025

AbstractVessel-generated waves and currents significantly impact coastal and estuarine waterways. In-situ measurements record all relevant physical phenomena that occur under a wide range of conditions and are therefore a valuable resource in the investigation of ship waves. Here we present a comprehensive compound dataset from in-situ ship wave measurement campaigns conducted over several decades in German coastal waterways. The dataset includes measured ship waves heights and currents as well as an attribution of each wave event to ship and nautical parameters responsible for its generation. The dataset is unique in its scope, combining a significant number of data points from multiple sites with different cross-section profiles. Some campaigns feature multiple gauges per cross-section, facilitating the analysis of wave transformation processes. Some locations feature repeat measurements which helps to understand wave load histories due to e.g. changes in shipping fleet structures and navigation practices. This dataset aims to provide a basis to enhance data-driven models to predict and manage the impacts of vessel-generated waves in different topographic settings and fleet structures.
Erwinia phage Asesino is a nucleus-forming phage that lacks PhuZ
Authors: Prichard Amy , Sy Annika , Meyer Justin , Villa Elizabeth , Pogliano Joe 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs nucleus-forming phages become better characterized, understanding their unifying similarities and unique differences will help us understand how they occupy varied niches and infect diverse hosts. All identified nucleus-forming phages fall within the Chimalliviridae family and share a core genome of 68 unique genes including chimallin, the major nuclear shell protein. A well-studied but non-essential protein encoded by many nucleus-forming phages is PhuZ, a tubulin homolog which aids in capsid migration, nucleus rotation, and nucleus positioning. One clade that represents 24% of all currently known chimalliviruses lacks a PhuZ homolog. Here we show that Erwinia phage Asesino, one member of this PhuZ-less clade, shares a common overall replication mechanism with other characterized nucleus-forming phages despite lacking PhuZ. We show that Asesino replicates via a phage nucleus that encloses phage DNA and partitions proteins in the nuclear compartment and cytoplasm in a manner similar to previously characterized nucleus-forming phages. Consistent with a lack of PhuZ, however, we did not observe active positioning or rotation of the phage nucleus within infected cells. These data show that some nucleus-forming phages have evolved to replicate efficiently without PhuZ, providing an example of a unique variation in the nucleus-based replication pathway.
Development of a mitochondrial mini-barcode and its application in metabarcoding for identification of leech in traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Shi Chenfeng , Guo Yuhan , Yao Lijuan , Xu Yunhui , Zhou Jing , Hua Moli 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the medicinal leech is vital for treatments to promote blood circulation and eliminate blood stasis. However, the prevalence of counterfeit leech products in the market undermines the quality and efficacy of these remedies. Traditional DNA barcoding techniques, such as the COI barcode, have been limited in their application due to amplification challenges. This study identified high variability in the 16 S rRNA gene within the mitochondrial genome across five leech species, leading to the development of a novel 219 bp mini-barcode. Compared with the traditional COI barcode, our mini-barcode showed remarkable identification efficiency, classifying 142 out of 147 leech samples from fresh and processed materials. In contrast, the COI barcode could only successfully identify 79 out of the 147 samples. In the case of seven batches of leech decoction pieces, the mini-barcode identified six, whereas the COI barcode only recognized one. Additionally, the mini-barcode effectively discerned five leech species within Chinese patent medicines when combined with metabarcoding technology. These results confirm the mini-barcode’s potential as a reliable tool for rapidly and precisely identifying leech species in TCM products.
Radiation-assisted tailoring of swelling behavior and water retention of Na-CMC/PAAm hydrogels for enhancing Beta Vulgaris under drought stress
Authors: El-diehy Mahmoud A. , Farghal Ibrahim I. , Amin Mohamed A. , Ghobashy Mohamed Mohamady , Nowwar Abdelatti I. , Gayed H. M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study investigates the negative impact of climate change on water resources, specifically water for agricultural irrigation. It describes how to optimize swelling, gel properties and long-term water retention capacities of Na-CMC/PAAm hydrogels for managing drought stress of Sugar beet plants through techniques such as changing the composition, synthetic conditions and chemical modification. Gamma radiation-induced free radical copolymerization was used to synthesize superabsorbent hydrogels using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) and acrylamide (AAm). The study also explored how varying Na-CMC/AAm ratio and radiation dose influence their swelling behaviour, gel fraction, and water retention. FTIR showed that CMC and PAAm components are part of the hydrogel structure. The equilibrium swelling reached a maximum value of ~ 500 g/g at a Na-CMC/AAm ratio of 60/40. High content of AAm reduced swelling because it caused increased hydrophobicity while high radiation doses up to 50 kGy increased crosslinking resulting in improved but limited swelling from 65 to 85 (g/g). After the second cycle, KOH modification reached maximum swelling capacity by introducing anionic carboxylate groups up to 415 (g/g). SEM images revealed uniform pores in an unmodified scaffold while larger cavities were formed upon modification facilitating Water absorption. Surprisingly, the improved hydrogels retained more water: about 75% even after 16 days as opposed to a 50% drop within five days in the case of unmodified ones. This hydrogel significantly enhanced shoot length by 18%, root length by 32%, fresh weight shoot by 15%, and dry weight shoot by 15% under severe drought conditions. As a result, yield increased by 22%, proteins went up by 19%, and carbohydrates rose by 13%. Leaf chlorophyll content increased with a corresponding decline in stress enzymes indicating decreased oxidative damage. This eco-friendly Na-CMC/PAAm-based hydrogel seems to have potential use for addressing water scarcity and agricultural challenges.
Reduction in EEG theta power as a potential marker for spatial disorientation during flight
Authors: Geva Gil , Getter Nir , Blecher Boris , Ben-Ari Oded , Gordon Barak , Nakdimon Idan , Shriki Oren 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDuring flight, spatial disorientation (SD) commonly occurs when a pilot’s perception conflicts with the aircraft’s actual motion, attitude, or position. A prevalent form of SD is the somatogyral illusion, which is elicited by constant speed rotation and causes a false perception of motion in the opposite direction when the rotation ceases. This research aimed to investigate changes in brain activity that occur when experiencing a somatogyral illusion by simulating conditions closely mimicking flight conditions to gain insight into how to better manage this illusion during flight. In the study, 23 volunteers were isolated from external stimuli to promote somatogyral illusion induction while seated in a Barany (rotating) chair. The study employed electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye-tracking glasses to monitor brain activity and eye movements, respectively. Participants reported their perceived motion direction using a joystick, allowing us to compare a reference condition to that of the illusion. Results indicate a significant decrease (34%) in theta power (4–7.5 Hz) over the left frontal region during the illusion, complemented by the occurrence of nystagmus in 72% of the trials. These findings align with previous studies linking SD and theta band changes, suggesting implications for EEG-based identification of SD in flight.
A multilevel social network approach to studying multiple disease-prevention behaviors
Authors: Vörös András , Bellotti Elisa , Nengnong Carinthia Balabet , Passah Mattimi , Nongrum Quinnie Doreen , Khongwir Charishma , van Eijk Anna Maria , Kessler Anne , Sarkar Rajiv , Carlton Jane M. , Albert Sandra 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe effective prevention of many infectious and non-infectious diseases relies on people concurrently adopting multiple prevention behaviors. Individual characteristics, opinion leaders, and social networks have been found to explain why people take up specific prevention behaviors. However, it remains challenging to understand how these factors shape multiple interdependent behaviors. We propose a multilevel social network framework that allows us to study the effects of individual and social factors on multiple disease prevention behaviors simultaneously. We apply this approach to examine the factors explaining eight malaria prevention behaviors, using unique interview data collected from 1529 individuals in 10 hard-to-reach, malaria-endemic villages in Meghalaya, India in 2020–2022. Statistical network modelling reveals exposure to similar behaviors in one’s social network as the most important factor explaining prevention behaviors. Further, we find that households indirectly shape behaviors as key contexts for social ties. Together, these two factors are crucial for explaining the observed patterns of behaviors and social networks in the data, outweighing individual characteristics, opinion leaders, and social network size. The results highlight that social network processes may facilitate or hamper disease prevention efforts that rely on a combination of behaviors. Our approach is well suited to study these processes in the context of various diseases.
Predicting coefficient of volume compressibility of fine-grained soils using appropriate soil type and soil state parameters
Authors: Vivekananda K. S. , Nagaraj H. B. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPredicting the coefficient of volume compressibility (mv) would help a field engineer to make a quick estimate of the soil compressibility. The multiple correlations suggested by various researchers as available in the literature indicate the importance of predicting the mv of soil. The existing correlations as available in literature either use soil state (in the form of SPT N-value or unconfined compressive strength or natural water content) or soil type (in the form of plasticity properties). However, using both soil type and soil state parameters in developing any prediction equation would be more reliable. To overcome this limitation of existing correlation equations to predict mv, a simple and reliable method that can be universally applied with appropriate soil type parameter represented by the Shrinkage Index (Liquid Limit-Shrinkage Limit) and soil state parameter represented by standardized SPT N60 has been proposed. This model is designed to be universally applicable, serving as a valuable tool for practicing engineers and researchers to predict mv.