bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Breast Cancer among Blood Groups of Women in the Holy Governorate of Karbala
Authors: Abdulridha Al-Ganimi Ahmed Khudhair , Abd Al-Salam Aqeel S. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Breast cancer is a significant problem that affects women all over the world and is a leading cause of death among these patients. ABO blood groups are stable and vary by socioeconomic, geographical, and ethnic groupings. Blood type affects susceptibility and results.

Objective:
Previous studies have discovered a correlation between ABO blood type and Rh system as risk factors for breast cancer.

Aim:
To identify the association of breast cancer prevalence between women’s blood groups and the Rh factor system in Karbala Governorate.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 1026 women were chosen, with 736 cases and 290 controls. The case group includes patients with breast cancer, and all of them had their cancer diagnosis confirmed by biopsy. The control group consisted of women who had never been diagnosed with cancer of breast.

Results:
Blood group type O (39.7%), blood group type A (26.1%), blood group type B (25.4%), and blood group type AB (8.8%) were the most common ABO blood types among cancer of breast patients. The percentages of groups of ABO blood for healthy donor control were as follows: blood group type O (40.0%), blood group type A (27.6%), blood group type B (21.7%), and AB (10.7%) with P = 0.05 or higher. There is a significant difference in the Rh factor between breast cancer patients and healthy control (P = 0.003). There were noticeable differences in age categories between patients diagnosed with breast cancer and the controls in this study (P = 0.000).

Conclusion:
There is no correlation between ABO blood types and breast cancer in this group of Iraqi women. There is a statistically significant difference, with a P value of 0.003, between patients diagnosed with breast cancer and healthy controls in terms of the Rh factor.
Detection of Class 1 Integron and Antibiotic Resistance of β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Four Hospitals in Babylon, Iraq
Authors: Khulaif Mohammed Jasim , Al-Charrakh Alaa H. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
The emergence of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli is a major public health threat worldwide.

Objectives:
This study was conducted to determine the sensitivity pattern and class 1 integron of E. coli isolated from various clinical sources in Babylon, Iraq.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 1874 clinical samples were collected from patients between February and June 2022. Antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli to different antibiotics was determined using the Vitek-2 compact system. Class 1 integron was detected genetically.

Results:
From 1874 clinical samples, 231 (12.3%) isolates belonged to E. coli. Isolates from urine were more frequent in females than in males. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, and amoxicillin/clavulanate. Escherichia coli isolates showed high sensitivity to meropenem, ertapenem, imipenem, amikacin, and isepamicin. Isolates from vaginal discharge were resistant to cephazolin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, nalidixic acid, and aztreonam. Isolates from diabetic foot ulcer showed high resistance to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, and ceftazidime. All E. coli isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and 67% of them were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers, most prevalent in urine and vaginal discharge. Approximately 99.1% of E. coli isolates carried class 1 integron.

Conclusions:

Escherichia coli isolated from various clinical specimens showed differences in antibiotic susceptibility patterns, with high resistance to commonly used antibiotics. The most effective antibiotics against E. coli isolates were ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, and isepamicin. However, MDR E. coli isolates showed high resistance rates to most of the antibiotics tested. ESBL-producing E. coli showed high prevalence. Class 1 integron is the leading cause of antibiotic resistance.
Most Common Risk Factors Associated with Peripartum Cardiomyopathy amongst Kurdish Population
Authors: Amen Shwan Othman , Rasool Banan Qasim , Shehata Dina Gamal , Al-Hadeethi Ban Tareq , Maqdasy Reveen Faud , Qader San Mohammed , Hashim Al Lami Bareq Sabeeh , Albuquerque Ana Luisa , Affas Ziad R. , Yousif Salah Hassan , Maaroof Payam Z. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is idiopathic cardiomyopathy that presents during the last trimester or the first several months after delivery and it is a serious complication of pregnancy.

Objectives:
The aim was to assess the most common risk factors seen among pregnant women leading to PPCM and factors that are associated with better outcomes after therapy.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 20 patients who presented to the outpatient cardiology clinic and fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of the European Society of Cardiology were recruited to participate in the study. A detailed history was obtained and left ventricular measurements were evaluated using M-mode, 2-dimentional, and Simpson methods to estimate the ejection fraction. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.

Results:
Mean age at diagnosis was 34.7 ± 5.2 years. Multiparous women constituted 60% of the study sample. Gestational age at presentation ranged between 28 and 38 weeks, with a mean of 32.9 ± 2.6. Being overweight was a common feature as 60% of patients had above-normal body mass index. Family history was reported in 50% of patients, followed by passive smoking (35%), hypertension (25%), thyroid disorders (30%), and type II diabetes mellitus (20%). The mean left ventricular ejection fraction at the time of diagnosis was 32.3% ± 6.7% with an increase to 44.2% ± 8.9% at follow-up. Younger patients were more likely to regain normal left ventricular function following diagnosis (P = 0.005).

Conclusion:
These preliminary results strongly demonstrate that advanced maternal age, anemia, multiparity, and family history were the most common risk factors seen among our population.
Molecular Detection of Genes Encoding for Adhesion Factors in Biofilm Formation among Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates
Authors: Abbood Dina Hassan Abed , Obaid Alwan Zeena Hadi 
Published: August 2023

Background:
The ability of Escherichia coli to build biofilms leads to the development of numerous diseases and makes their removal challenging. In addition to being the most common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), E. coli has been linked to disease in almost every area of the human body.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to evaluate the uropathogenic E. coli biofilm development using molecular and biochemical methods.

Materials and Methods:
Out of the total 117 urine samples obtained from UTI patients and diagnosed by selective media EMB (eosin methylene blue agar) and Vitek2 system, antibiotic sensitivity test, biofilm formation assay, and molecular detection of genes encoding for adhesion factors using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique were done.

Results:
Fifty E. coli isolates from both sexes of different ages were isolated; the UTI rate in females was 82% and in males was 18%. The result of the antibiotic sensitivity test, in terms of the percentage of resistance, was as follows: ampicillin, 50%; amoxicillin-clavulanate, 98%; ceftazidime, 72%; cefotaxime, 68%; aztreonam, 26%; gentamicin, 48%; levofloxacin, 36%; and trimethoprim, 52%, so that a high percentage of multidurg resistance resulted in the current study was 88%. The results of the quantification of biofilm formation revealed that all isolates produced biofilm with the following percentages: five (10%) as strong adherents, 36 (72%) as moderate biofilm producers, and nine (18%) were weak producers. The prevalence of genes fimH, csgA, and ag43 was 92%, 98%, and 92%, respectively, the result of detection of genes encoding for adhesion factors using PCR technique.

Conclusions:
The biofilm phenotype was indicated in all E. coli isolates and can confer virulence behavior and considered as a great challenging health problem and there is a significant association between adherent factor’s genes (fimH, csgA, ag43) and the ability to produce biofilm within E. coli isolates.
Heat Shock Protein 70 Biomarkers in Sperm and Its Association on Oligoasthenozoospermia, and Asthenozoospermia in Male Infertility
Authors: Abdel Jail Ahmed Saidi , AlSafi Wasan Ghazi , Raad Zahraa 
Published: August 2023

Background:
The heat shock protein (Hsp70) is a protein that helps cells survive in harsh conditions and is involved in a variety of cellular biological processes.

Objectives:
To study the relationship between the levels of (Hsp70) in semen plasma of infertile (oligoasthenozoospermia (OA), asthenozoospermia (AZ) and fertile men and the effect of an increase and decrease on fertility.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted on 119 semen samples, 31 men with (AZ), 28 men with (OA), whereas another 60 healthy controls were diagnosed, semen samples were collected from Iraqi patients who attended infertility clinics for infertility diagnosis and assisted reproductive technologies in Karbala for the period between November 2021 and May 2022.

Results:
The mean (Hsp70) in the patient group were significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.001). In comparison to (AZ) groups with (OA) found a significant difference in the mean level of (Hsp70) between (AZ) groups and (OA) groups (Hsp70) levels showed a negative significant correlation with the concentration, progressive cell and non-progressive cell, and a positive significant correlation with the sample volume, viscosity of semen, P < 0.05.

Conclusion:
The total level of Hsp70 in the semen of men is higher in infertile men (AZ) and (OA), whereas we find lower levels in the semen of fertile men. A negative relationship was also found between the level of Hsp70 with semen concentrations and sperm motility and a positive relationship with the volume of the semen sample and its viscosity.
Genetic and Biochemical Detection of Salmonella enterica Isolated from Patients Suffering Watery Diarrhea and Typhoid Fever in Babylon Province
Authors: Aziz Abdul Aziz T. Abdul , Abdul-Lateef Lamees A. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Salmonellosis is a severe infectious zoonotic disease, which increases the importance of identifying and controlling the causative strains.

Objectives:
This study aimed to develop a rapid molecular diagnostic test to determine and purify bacterial isolates based on the specific primer. SE1472298-2 for Salmonella serovar enteritidis; gene STM4497 demonstrated specificity for Salmonella serovar typhimurium and gene O antigen synthesis tyv for Salmonella serovar typhi isolated from patients in Babylon province, Iraq.

Materials and Methods:
Two hundred clinical stool specimens were collected from patients suffering from watery diarrhea. Blood specimens obtained from patients with typhoid fever who were admitted to three hospitals of Babylon Governorate.

Results:
There were a total of 200 samples; 34 (17%) were discovered by biochemical tests. The diagnosis of these samples was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, depending on the target gene, so the number of isolates was 25 (73.53%), Salmonella enteritidis 13 (52%) Salmonella typhimurium 6 (24%), and Salmonella typhi 6 (24%).

Conclusion:
Molecular techniques, particularly polymerase chain reaction, can rapidly and precisely identify Salmonella isolates.
Association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of F3 Gene (rs12029080 T>G and rs11165176 C>T) with Thrombosis in SARS-CoV-2 Patients in Babylon Province
Authors: Jaafar Salim Shamkhi , Shareef Hasanain Khaleel 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a respiratory virus that has a strong association with pulmonary morbidity and thrombosis and has caused death in much of the sick population. The coagulation factor III gene (F3) produces tissue factor (TF) a cell-surface glycoprotein. It is the primary initiator of the extrinsic blood coagulation cascade.

Objectives:
The study aimed to identify the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of F3 gene (rs12029080 T>G and rs11165176 C>T) and D-dimer linked to thrombosis in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients.

Materials and Methods:
Blood samples were collected from 30 patients infected by COVID-19 in Babylon Province. Detection of the polymorphism was done by using sequencing technique.

Results:
The results of the polymerase chain reaction of the amplification targeted region had shown two valid SNPs: rs11165176C>T and rs11165176. We discovered that heterozygous C/T had a higher genotypic frequency than homozygous C/C (odd ratio (OR) = 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.41–3.15, P = 0.796) and the homozygous variation T/T genotypic frequency is comparable to that of homozygous C/C (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 0.43–4.86, P = 0.543). The C and T alleles frequencies showed statistical difference as reported in F3 (rs11165176) between COVID-19 patients and control (P = 0.053), 29 (48.3%) and 31 (51.6%), respectively, than in control groups, C allele 34 (56.7%) and T allele 26 (43.3%). Therefore, the T allele was most frequent in COVID-19 patients and control groups.

Conclusion:
According to the results of our statistical research, there was a significant link between F3 gene rs11165176 and the development of thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 to be a potential D-dimer associated with COVID-19 patients.
Possible Protective Effect of Spanish Black Radish on Hematological Parameters Aganist Benzene - Induced Leukemia in Rats
Authors: Al-Rubaye Baneen Hayder , Al-Ali Ibtisam Abbas , Hussein Khalid Ali 
Published: August 2023

Background:
The Spanish black radish, which is grown all over the world and is full of useful nutrients, helps in the therapy of many illnesses.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible protective effect of Spanish black radish extracts against benzene-induced leukemia in rats.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 35 rats were purchased from the animal house at the College of Pharmacy, University of Karbala, Iraq. Benzene was used for the induction of leukemia in experimental animals. An extract of black radish was set after mixing up 50 g of the finely powdered plant material with two solvents (500 mL of 100% ethanol or water). After leukemia induction, rats were randomly divided into seven groups: first group, negative control group; second group, positive control group; third group, (lack radish aqueous extract 100 mg/kg; fourth group, black radish aqueous extract 200 mg/kg; fifth group, black radish ethanol extract 100 mg/kg; sixth group, black radish ethanol extract 200 mg/kg; and seventh group, cyclophosphamide 5 mg/kg.

Results:
Leukemia induction resulted in a severe increase in the total leukocyte count and a severe decrease in red blood cells, hemoglobin, and platelet levels of the experimental animals. However, there were no significant differences between the negatively treated group and the benzene-treated group regarding platelet count. Posttreatment with Spanish black radish extracts, especially the aqueous plant extract, shows an improvement in blood profiles compared to the benzene-treated group.

Conclusion:
Our study indicates that Spanish black radish might be a promising natural, antileukemic source.
Quality of Life among Amputees
Authors: AL-Jubori Rusull Hamza Kh , Yasir Amean A. , Hindi Nada Khazal K. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Social support for amputee patients can get them out of the atmosphere of illness or disability and inspire them with a great deal of optimism and hope and make them forget the missing part, even if temporarily.

Objectives:
The study aimed to investigate the relationship between social support and quality of life (QoL) among amputees.

Materials and Methods:
The research was carried included 250 clients who undergo lower and upper amputation, using a standardized questionnaire for measuring the social support and QoL (WHOQOL-BREF) of amputees who attended Babylon Rehabilitation Centers, Iraq. Data were collected using interviews on individual bases with the participants and analyzed by descriptive and inferential approaches.

Results:
The results indicate the average age of the women was 50 years (ranged 50–59 years), male (68.8%), married (61.2%), secondary school (38%), employment (34%), insufficient monthly income (41.2%), amputation due to conditions (48.4%), in lower extremities (56.4%) for more than 10 years on amputation (48.8%). The results show that social support is positively significant with physical QoL (r = 0.153; P = 0.000), psychological QoL (r = 0.235; P = 0.000), and social QoL (r = 0.170; P = 0.000). QoL among amputees was significant (positive) and related to social support (r = 0.250; P = 0.000).

Conclusions:
Amputees who receive social support from others develop self-confidence, can support others socially, are less likely to suffer from mental illnesses, and are better able to deal with frustration. We discover that social support boosts the individual’s capacity to withstand frustration and lessens a great deal of psychological anguish since the person can handle his problems in a sensible and good way. Strong social support from family, friends, and community members enables amputees to deal with challenges and live their life more successfully.
Impact of Indium Oxide Nanoparticles Mouth Wash in Prevention of Human Dental Enamel Caries (In Vitro Study)
Authors: Hasan Dhuha Malek , Abbas Maha Jamal , Al-Ghurabi Batool Hassan 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Despite the fact that fluoride-based remineralization technologies have dominated preventive dentistry for the past century, new and innovative nanomaterials approaches are transforming the industry. A variety of unique metal nanoparticles (NPs) materials are now be easily available to assist remineralization of the dental enamel surface.

Objectives:
This study was reported to prevent and treat of dental caries using indium oxide NPs suspension solution application in comparison to de-ionized water and sodium fluoride on human tooth enamel by surface microhardness analysis for the surface dental enamel.

Materials and Methods:
Field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and ultraviolet (UV)-visible absorption spectrophotometer were used to evaluate the physical characteristics of an indium oxide NPs suspension solution that was created by the laser ablation in liquid. Microhardness Vickers test was used to evaluate the microhardness of teeth. Teeth samples were 60 teeth that were divided randomly into two phases; each phase consisted of prevented and treated groups with indium oxide NPs, control-positive group was treated with sodium fluoride, and control-negative group was treated with deionized water. Each group was consisted of 10 teeth.

Results:
The results showed that there was an increase in microhardness be recorded for both preventive and treatment groups after the application of an indium oxide NPs suspension solution.

Conclusion:
Laser-prepared indium oxide NPs colloidal suspensions were found to be effective as a remineralizing agent to human dental enamel and thus can be considered as an alternative to sodium fluoride mouth wash.
Comparative evaluation of clonidine and dexamethasone as adjuvants to ropivacaine for ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block
Authors: Hemlata  , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Verma Reetu , Singh Dinesh , Chaudhary Ajay Kumar , Kushwaha Brij Bihari 
Published: August 2023

Aim:
This study aims to study the effect of addition of clonidine and dexamethasone to ropivacaine for ultrasound-guided TAP block in patients undergoing abdominal surgeries. We primarily compared the quality and duration of postoperative analgesia.

Materials and Methods:
This randomized double-blind study was done after taking approval from Institutional Ethical Committee and written informed consent from all the patients. Sixty patients undergoing abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into two groups: Group-RC (n = 30) and Group-RD (n = 30). Patients in both the groups were given bilateral ultrasound-guided TAP block at the end of surgery. Patients in Group-RC received 20 ml ropivacaine 0.2% with 75 μg clonidine on each side and patients in Group-RD received 20 ml ropivacaine 0.2% with 4 mg dexamethasone on each side.

Results:
Visual analogue scale score for pain was significantly less in Group-RC as compared to Group-RD at all-time intervals (P <.05). Duration of pain relief in Group-RC was significantly greater than in Group-RD (16.50 ± 6.68 vs. 9.67 ± 6.46 h; P = 0.001). Requirement of rescue analgesia was also significantly less in Group-RC as compared to Group-RD (80% vs. 90%; P = 0.014). Except for a higher incidence of nausea in Group-RC, there was no other significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups.

Conclusion:
Addition of Clonidine (75 μg) to ropivacaine for ultrasound-guided TAP block provides better and prolonged postoperative analgesia as compared to addition of dexamethasone (4 mg) without any significant side-effects.
Comparison of modified Mallampati test and thyromental height test for preoperative airway assessment
Authors: Chhatrapati Swati , Bloria Summit , Singh Nidhi , Paul Shamik , Luthra Ankur , Kataria Ketan K. , Vithani Samira , Omar Syed , Narayanan Nayanar V. Krishna 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Prevision of a potentially difficult airway in the preoperative period is imperative. The available tools are evaluation of mouth opening, Mallampati test; atlanto-occipital extension; hyomental, thyromental, and sternomental distances; and upper lip bite test; thyromental height test (TMHT) is a new indicator.

Aims:
To compare the effectiveness of preoperative anaesthetic airway evaluation methods of TMHT and Modified mallampati test (MMT) to predict the difficulty in intubation.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective observational study was aimed to compare the effectiveness of preoperative anesthetic airway evaluation methods of TMHT and modified Mallampati test (MMT) to predict the difficulty in intubation. A total of 150 subjects were included in this study. MMT and TMHT were compared, and sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and accuracy were calculated.

Results:
On comparison, we found TMHT to be more sensitive (93.33%) than MMT (77.78%); both tests have high specificity (TMHT 91.43%; MMT 81.90%). Positive predictive value was 82.35% for TMHT and 64.81% for MMT. Similarly, negative predictive value was 96.97% for TMHT and 89.58% for MMT. Accuracy was 92.00% for TMHT and 80.66% for MMT.

Conclusions:
TMHT can predict difficult intubation better than MMT (high positive predictive value). However, both TMHT and MMT predict easy intubations effectively, their negative predictive values being high.