bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Firm Agile Human Resource and Organizational Performance: A Case Study of the NOREB Counties, Kenya
Authors: Bett Julie 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the agile human resource and organizational performance: A case of the NOREB Counties, Kenya. The research questions of the study were; what is the relationship between agile sensitivity training and organizational performance of NOREB Counties? How does agile organizational culture management relate to the organizational performance of NOREB Counties? What is the relationship between agile management level of interactions and organizational performance at NOREB Counties? What is the relationship between agile HR Policy and organizational performance at NOREB Counties? A correlational research design was used to assess the relationship between the variables.

Approach/Methodology/Design: The study targeted 1129 respondents. The sample size for the study was 285 respondents. The study employed multistage sampling. Questionnaires were used as the main data collection instruments but were supported by interview schedules. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the responses and multiple regression was used to analyze the data inferentially.
Findings: The results of multiple regressions, that Agile Sensitivity Training had no significant relationship (p = 0.080), agile organizational culture management had a significant relationship (p = 0.000), and agile management level of interactions style had no significant relationship (p = 0.065) and agile human resource policy had a significant relationship (p = 0.000) at 5 percent confidence with Organizational Performance.

Originality/value: The study concluded that content in sensitivity training needs to be relevant and current to assist solve organizational problems. That, there is need for good teamwork and cooperation in the organization as a way to enhance agile organizational culture. Further, management needs to provide the required budgets to support HR programs. The HR policy includes and emphasizes on HR training. The study recommended need for HR policy to transform HR operations to be more Agile.
Real Interest Rate, Investment and Economic Growth: Panel Evidence from West African Monetary Zone
Authors: Nwagu Umunna Godson , Imoagwu Chika Priscilla , Anisiobi Chinwe  Ann , Nwoba Amos  Jeremiah 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This paper investigated the effect of interest rate on investment and growth on countries under the West African Monetary Zone (Gambia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Ghana, Guinea and Liberia) with the use of Panel data analysis from 2000 to 2021.

Approach/Methodology/Design: The study uses the Levin and Lin test to confirm the unit root of the selected variables. The stationarity shows that real interest rate, exchange rate, inflation and term of trade are integrated at levels and real gross domestic product, investment, and savings are integrated at order one. Also with the use of Kao Panel Co-integration test, it was confirm that there exists a long run relationship among the variables.

Findings: The study revealed that real interest rate shows a non-significant relationship to both investment and growth in the countries under the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ). According to the study, these countries need to reduce their real interest rates in order to increase investment in WAMZ, particularly Ghana, Gambia, and Liberia, as a result of the findings. It is imperative that policy makers in West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) countries implement policies that will contribute to the achievement of the threshold inflation rate consistent with higher economic growth.
Originality/Value: In this study, Panel data analysis has been estimated and after the test of hausman test the random effect method was used to carry out the estimation to know the impact of real interest rate on investment and economic growth with evidence for West African Monetary Zone for the period 2000 to 2015.
“A letra! O lixo!”: os desafios de traduzir James Joyce
Authors: Waltrick do Amarante Dirce 
Published: January 2023

Em Finnegans Wake (1939), de James Joyce, uma galinha chamada Belinda cisca dejetos numa lixeira e, no meio do lixo, ela encontra uma carta (A letter! A litter). Trata-se de uma carta escrita por Anna Livia Plurabelle, a protagonista de romance, cujo conteúdo pode salvar a reputação de seu marido Humphrey Chimpden Earwicker (HCE). Contudo, essa carta, bicada pela galinha e imunda, está praticamente ilegível. Essa carta simbolizaria o próprio romance e desvendar o seu conteúdo é o objetivo das personagens e, diria, dos leitores. É possível, contudo, “desvendar” apenas uma parte dela, não o todo. Residiria aí também uma reflexão sobre leitura, a leitura de literatura que está sempre em construção ou que é fragmentária. Em Finnegans Wake o tradutor terá que lidar com a essa construção fragmentária e com “fragilidade” da informação estética e, por isso, é necessário que ele tenha domínio da língua de chegada para poder manter essas características na tradução, as quais se alcançaria por intermédio da recriação.
Imaging techniques for ocular neoplasia
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Amiri Amir , Heidari Zahra , Jafari Reza , Ahmadzadeh Amiri Ali , Ahmadzadeh Amiri Ahmad 
Published: January 2023

Background: Novel ocular imaging modalities have greatly impacted the diagnosis and management of different types of ocular neoplasia. In this narrative review, we summarize the practical features of popular and novel imaging modalities for ocular tumors.
Methods: Four databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched from January 1, 2000 to August 31, 2022. Articles reporting different imaging modalities for diagnosing or monitoring treatment responses of ocular tumors were extracted using various combinations of the following keywords: ocular neoplasia, positron emission tomography or PET, single-photon emission computed tomography or SPECT, optical coherence tomography or OCT, OCT angiography or OCTA, computed tomography or CT, ultrasonography or US, ultrasound biomicroscopy or UBM, and magnetic resonance imaging or MRI.
Results: Various ocular imaging modalities had different accuracies as adjunctive tools for detecting or managing ocular tumors. Anterior ultra-high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) could be used to evaluate images with < 5-µm resolution. OCT angiography provided deeper insight into retinal vascular changes associated with the malignant transformation of choroidal melanoma. OCT in children altered the diagnosis of suspicious retinoblastoma in 3% of the cases and treatment plan in 11% of the cases. While positron-emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) allowed the detection of metastatic lesions of choroidal melanoma by full-body scanning, single-photon emission CT was more sensitive compared to PET in detecting choroidal melanoma. Ultrasound biomicroscopy, with an accuracy exceeding 92.5%, could detect retinal calcification in lesions measuring 2–3 mm. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) had better contrast compared to ultrasound biomicroscopy and higher sensitivity compared to CT in detecting post-laminar optic nerve invasion. However, MRI had a lower spatial resolution compared to OCT. Further development of imaging modalities and their application in drug development would improve the treatment of ocular tumors.
Conclusions: Although diagnosing ocular tumors depend on clinical characteristics, innovations in ocular imaging have enabled early diagnosis and timely, appropriate management of ocular neoplasia, which are conducive to favorable visual outcomes and increased life expectancy. Further systematic reviews and meta-analyses of primary studies focusing on a specific imaging modality in ocular neoplasia could precisely determine the diagnostic accuracy of each imaging modality to better guide eye practitioners with efficient diagnostic or therapeutic approaches for these sight- or life-threatening entities. Imaging modalities may play a major role in drug development in the future.
Refractive outcomes in infants treated for retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Heidary Fatemeh , Gharebaghi Reza 
Published: January 2023

Background: Infants treated for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) can develop visually significant refractive error. However, the degree of refractive error may differ between laser treatment and intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injection. We reviewed studies that investigated refractive error outcomes of treatment in premature infants with ROP.
Methods: In this narrative review, a literature search was carried out in PubMed/MEDLINE from 01/01/2000 to 20/10/2022 without language restrictions, using the following keywords: “anti-VEGF,” “ROP” or “prematurity retinopathy,” and “laser.” We included comparative studies on refractive error outcomes of intravitreal anti-VEGF and laser treatments, a combination of both modalities simultaneously or sequentially, and two anti-VEGF agents.
Results: The initial search yielded 164 records. We reviewed the titles and abstracts of the retrieved papers and the reference list of published systematic reviews and meta-analyses, meta-analyses, or reviews on our topic. Thirty-three records fulfilled our inclusion criteria, which included refractive outcomes in 4350 eyes of 2359 participants treated for ROP. Based on the reported refractive outcomes, we divided the studies into four categories: 1) those that revealed a higher rate of refractive error in the laser-treated eyes than in the anti-VEGF-treated eyes; 2) those that revealed no significant difference in refractive outcomes between the two treatment modalities; 3) those that revealed a higher rate of refractive error in the anti-VEGF-treated eyes or compared refractive outcomes between two anti-VEGF agents; and 4) those that reported refractive outcomes in the eyes that received combined simultaneous or sequential treatment with laser after initial anti-VEGF treatment. We also summarized the refractive outcomes of all included primary studies in each category.
Conclusions: This study showed that the laser-treated eyes experienced more myopic shift. However, the refractive outcomes in premature infants of laser treatment, anti-VEGF treatment, and a combination of both modalities simultaneously or sequentially were often contradictory. This variability resulted from obvious differences in the sample size, different follow-up durations, or inhomogeneous study or treatment designs. Further well-designed prospective trials on refractive outcomes and the trend of changes in the refractive status over long-term follow-ups in the eyes treated with ROP are necessary to identify consensus results concerning real-world refractive outcomes of each treatment modality or simultaneous or sequential combination of both modalities, to suggest a safe and effective treatment option for eye care professionals.
Reformas Contábeis do Setor Público à Luz do Modelo de Contingência de Inovações Contábeis Governamentais
Authors: MORANT VIEIRA GONÇALVES PEREIRA DIMMITRE , MIRANDA RODRIGUES JOMAR , MATIAS-PEREIRA JOSÉ 
Published: January 2023

Objetivo: Realizou uma discussão teórica sobre os resultados da literatura internacional relacionada as reformas contábeis do setor público à luz do Modelo de Contingência de Inovações Contábeis Governamentais de Lüder (MCICG).
Método: Trata-se de um ensaio teórico amparado pelas técnicas de revisão da literatura e por um modelo clássico de estudos comparativos de contabilidade governamental.
Originalidade/Relevância: Diferente dos trabalhos de revisão de literatura e sistemáticas realizadas sobre o tema, inovou-se ao adotar o MCICG como base teórica de sistematização e reflexão dos achados da literatura internacional.
Resultados: O ensaio defendeu que a implementação do regime accrual-basis é um processo de inovação contábil governamental. Identifica as principais lacunas teóricas e sistematiza e discute os principais achados da literatura internacional em quatro categorias principais: estímulos, expectativa dos usuários, prontidão dos produtores da informação e barreiras de implementação.
Contribuições Teóricas/Metodológicas: O trabalho propõe uma nova abordagem para análise do fenômeno implementação das reformas contábeis governamentais com base em normas internacionais baseadas no regime de accruals, amplia a visão sobre os fatores causadores e barreiras do processo, além de identificar lacunas da literatura relevantes que podem originar novos estudos
Hubungan Beban Kerja, Perencanaan SDM, dan Kinerja Guru
Authors: Syarief Hidayatulloh Furqon 
Published: January 2023

Kualitas pendidikan dengan parameter capaian pembelajaran sangat dipengaruhi oleh kompetensi guru. Kompetensi guru memiliki korelasi yang tinggi dengan kinerja guru. Hanya saja, kompetensi dan kualitas guru tidak berbanding lurus dengan capaian pembelajaran. Hal ini karena kinerja guru merupakan suatu tahapan hasil sehingga tidak hanya dilihat dari faktor kompetensi saja, melainkan dipadukan dengan beban kerja dan perencanaan SDM. Dengan demikian, penelitian bertujuan untuk menelaah hubungan antara tingkat beban kerja guru, perencanaan SDM, dan kinerja guru. Kajian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode studi literatur. Literatur utama yang dikaji adalah hasil penelitian dari Arifah, Saputra, dan Wahyudin yang dikorelasikan dengan pendekatan Undang-Undang No. 14 Tahun 2005, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 19 Tahun 2017, serta Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Nomor 15 Tahun 2018. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, diketahui bahwa ada hubungan yang erat antara beban kerja, perencanaan SDM, dan kinerja guru. Semakin proporsional beban kerja guru dan distribusi SDM mencukupi untuk kebutuhan personel guru, kinerja guru akan optimal sehingga menghasilkan capaian pembelajaran yang optimal. Jika beban kerja melebihi ambang batas 40 jam per minggu dan perencanaan SDM guru kurang dari segi kuantitas, kinerja guru akan melemah sehingga capaian pembelajaran tidak optimal.
Frequency of large volcanic eruptions over the past 200 000 years
Authors: Wolff Eric W. , Burke Andrea , Crick Laura , Doyle Emily A. , Innes Helen M. , Mahony Sue H. , Rae James W. B. , Severi Mirko , Sparks R. Stephen J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Volcanic eruptions are the dominant cause of natural variability in climate forcing on timescales up to multidecadal. Large volcanic eruptions lead to global-scale climate effects and influence the carbon cycle on long timescales. However, estimating the frequency of eruptions is challenging. Here we assess the frequency at which eruptions with particular deposition fluxes are observed in the EPICA Dome C ice core over the last
200 kyr. Using S isotope analysis we confirm that most of the largest peaks recorded at Dome C are from stratospheric eruptions. The cumulative
frequency through 200 kyr is close to linear, suggesting an approximately
constant rate of eruptions. There is no evidence for an increase in the rate of events recorded in Antarctica at either of the last two deglaciations. Millennial variability is at the level expected from recording small numbers of eruptions, while multimillennial variability may be partly due to changes in transport efficiency through the Brewer–Dobson circulation. Our record of events with sulfate deposition rates > 20 and >50 mg m−2 contains 678 and 75 eruptions, respectively, over the last 200 kyr. Calibration with data on historic eruptions and analysis of a global Quaternary dataset of terrestrial eruptions indicates that sulfate peaks with deposition rates > 20 and >50 mg m−2 correspond to explosive eruptions of magnitude ≥ 6.5 and ≥7, respectively. The largest recorded eruption deposited just over 300 mg m−2.
Resilience, Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms, and Post-Traumatic Growth Status of Nurses Working In The Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: ATA Elvan Emine , SARITAŞ Merve , ÖZER Duygu 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Nurses have always played an important role in the COVID-19 pandemic. However, available data on the resilience, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and post-traumatic growth status of nurses are limited. This study was conducted to determine the resilience, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and post-traumatic growth status of nurses working in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Material and Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive survey. The study was conducted with 192 nurses. Information Form, Post Traumatic Growth Inventory, Brief Resilience Scale, and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist were used in the collection of data.
Results: Nurses experienced anxiety (83.3%), burnout (81.8%), depersonalization (55.7%), and 34.9% met the diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder. Negatively significant (p
<sup>137</sup>Cs IN THE ORGANISMS OF MOUSE-LIKE RODENTS INHABITED THE AREA OF NUCLEAR WEAPON TESTING
Authors: Panitskiy A. V. , Kadyrova N. Zh. , Bazarbaeva A. B. , Tuleubaeva T. N. 
Published: January 2023

The paper presents the results of researching 137Cs radionuclide concentration in the organisms of mouse-like rodents (organisms of jerboa (Allactaga major Kerr and Allactaga saltator Eversmann) and marmots (Citellus erythrogenus Brandt)) living in the field of nuclear-weapon testing at the Semipalatinsk test site and the parameters of 137Cs radionuclide transition to organisms of studied animals. It is revealed that relatively elevated magnitudes of 137Cs activity concentration in organisms of jerboa and marmots are observed on the assumption of their residence in local contamination sites. With venturing from contamination sites at the distance exceeding the radius of animal activity, high values of radionuclides’ activity concentration are not reported. Despite the fact that animals live in the environment which components display high activity concentration of radionuclides, the extremely high concentration of radionuclide in these animals’ organisms has not identified.The midpoint measures (AM±SD) of CRmuscl of 137Cs radionuclide for the muscle tissue of Allactaga saltator Eversmann amounted (2.1±1.3)×10−3 (n-11), for muscle tissue of Allactaga major Kerr – (4.7±2.7)×10−3 (n-9), for the muscle tissue of Citellus Erythrogenus Brandt – (7.0±5.6)×10−3 (n-6).
Etis Teologis Keteladanan Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen Bagi Peserta Didik
Authors: Adu Selfiana Carolina , Fernando Andreas , Triposa Reni 
Published: January 2023

Kemajuan teknologi di abad 21 disertai dengan meningkatnya kasus kekerasan pada anak. Perundungan dan kemerosotan moral terjadi di kalangan siswa. Guru pendidikan agama Kristen berperan sebagai model karakter yang dibutuhkan siswa agar dapat merubah perilaku peserta didik serta mencapai tujuan pendidikan agama Kristen yaitu mengenal Allah dan mengalami Allah. Kepribadian dan karakter dapat mempengaruhi perubahan perilaku pada siswa Keteladanan yang ditunjukkan guru setiap hari akan mempengaruhi perilaku siswa. Keteladanan guru PAK bermuara pada keteladanan yang ditunjukkan Yesus sang Guru Agung dalam Alkitab. Guru pendidikan agama Kristen yang telah mengalami kelahiran baru dan berjuang setiap saat melakukan kebenaran Firman Tuhan setiap hari melalui tuntunan Roh Kudus dapat memengaruhi perilaku peserta didik. Keteladanan guru ditunjukkan melalui pengetahuan dan pemahaman Akitab sebagai fondasi pengajaran. Keteladan guru pendidikan agama Kristen terlihat dari perkataan, karakter kasih serta tanggung jawa dalam melaksanakan tugas. Karakter dan cara pandang guru pendidikan agama Kristen lahir dari pertumbuhan kerohaniannya setiap hari juga melalui proses mengasosiasikan peristiwa yang dialaminya dan apa kata alkitab berkaitan dengan solusi masalah tersebut. Keteladanan berbicara lebih keras dibandingkan nasehat-nasehat yang disampaikan guru. Bagi guru pendidikan agama Kristen mengajar bukan mentransfer pengetahuan dari kepala ke kepala melainkan mentransfer pengetahuan dari hati ke hati kepada siswa.
Examination Anxiety in Integrated Modular Curriculum: Perceptions of Dental Students
Authors: Janjua Qasim Mehmood , Khan Faheem , Mukhtar Sara 
Published: January 2023

Introduction:The universal driving force for learning is assessment, however, it accompanies anxiety, commonly known as exam
or test anxiety. There is increasing evidence that exam modality and gender play a significant role in generating anxiety in medical students. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of exam anxiety in different assessment modalities with same examination standards and criteria among dental students at University College of Dentistry (UCD), The University of Lahore (UOL).
Method:We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey of over 250 dental students from years 1 to 4, at UCD to assess the test anxiety in dental students with different exam modalities. Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the variations of perceptions among male and female students of UCD. Chi-square was used to test for analysis of academic years with different modalities of exams.
Results:The analysis suggested that “extensive course load” with highest anxiety mean score of 4 was most anxiety provoking followed by “studying all night” (mean score=3) in all assessment modalities. The single most test-anxiety provoking modality was “OSCE station with examiner”, with an average combined mean score of 57, followed by “Long-case” (mean score=56). The data revealed that “psychological issues” (p=0.05), “OSCE station with the examiner” (p=0.02) and “exam taking strategy” (p=0.00) were found statistically significant with respect to genders. The combined score of all exam modalities under the domain of “information needs” was highly significant (p=0.02) with highest mean rank observed in final year dental students followed by 2nd-year students.
Conclusion:We conclude that face-to-face assessments evoke anxiety in students, especially in females. This may be because it also involves confidence and presentation other than theoretical knowledge as in short answer questions (SAQ). The mock assessments shall be made part of the syllabus as this will increase students’ preparedness and will also be helpful for examiners.

KEYWORDS
Exam, Anxiety, Assessment, Modalities, Dental students
Medical students' perception of online assessment at a private medical college
Authors: Iftikhar Sundus , Mahmood Cheema Khalid 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: During COVID-19 lockdown, Shalamar Medical College opted for an unproctored online formative assessment. Medical institutes have conducted online assessments before COVID-19 and literature presents contrasting views on its acceptability by teachers and students alike.
Objective: This study aims to determine medical students’ perception of the unproctored online assessments.
Methods: A survey questionnaire was disseminated through Google forms to all MBBS students of SMDC on WhatsApp. Consent to take part in the survey was added to the questionnaire and students consenting to be a part of the survey were requested to fill in the questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of closed ended as well as open-ended questions. The data was analyzed by IBM SPSS 20.
Results: Network issues are believed to be a major issue in taking online tests (83%) and 45% of the students feel it is more difficult to take an online test. Fifty-eight percent of the students feel it is easy to cheat on online tests. A considerable number of students (P = 0.00) believe that MCQS are more reliable than SEQs.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that students do not consider online tests as reliable and effective as classroom tests because of network issues, and unconducive environment at home, limited time, and academic dishonesty. However,if they are unavoidable, students would be more receptive to MCQs than SEQs.
KEYWORDS: Reliability, cheating, effectiveness, online assessment