bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol for the Paediatric Otorrhoea Study (POSt): a multi-methods study to understand the burden of paediatric otorrhoea in the UK
Authors: Heward Elliot , Dempsey James , Lunn Judith , Molloy John , Isba Rachel , Carr Matthew , Ashcroft Darren , Hay Alastair D , Nichani Jaya R , Bruce Iain A 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionPaediatric otorrhoea (PO) refers to the leakage of fluid through a perforation in the ear drum, resulting from an infection of the middle ear of a child or young person (CYP). PO frequently results in hearing loss which may lead to developmental delay, restricted communication and reduced educational attainment.Epidemiological information for PO is largely derived from low-income countries. The aim of this study will be to establish the incidence of PO within the UK and to understand the impact of PO on CYP and their families’ everyday lives. It will build the foundations for a randomised controlled trial investigating the best antibiotic treatment for PO.Methods and analysisThe study will consist of two work packages. (1) Data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), January 2005 to July 2021, will be used to determine the incidence of patient presentations with PO to primary care in the UK. It will also explore the current antimicrobial prescribing practice for PO in primary care. (2) Thirty semi-structured interviews will be conducted from 13 July to 31 October 2023 with CYP and their parents/carers to help identify the impact of PO on everyday life, the patient journey and how service users define treatment success. Three medical professional focus groups will be used to understand the current management practice, how treatment success is measured and acceptability to randomise patients. Thematic analysis will be used.Ethics and disseminationThe Health Research Authority, The Health and Social Care Research Ethics Committee (23/NI/0082) and the CPRD’s research data governance panel (22_002508) reviewed this study. Results will be disseminated at medical conferences, in peer-reviewed journals and via social media. The study will cocreate a webpage on healthtalk.org, with the Dipex Charity, about PO to ensure members of the public can learn more about the condition.Trial registration numberISRCTN46071200.
Airflow rates and breathlessness recovery from submaximal exercise in healthy adults: prospective, randomised, cross-over study
Authors: Brew Andrew , O’Beirne Sarah , Johnson Miriam J , Ramsenthaler Christina , Watson Peter J , Rubini Philip A , Fagan Michael J , Swan Flavia , Simpson Andrew 
Published: September 2023

Objectives
Facial airflow from a hand-held fan may reduce breathlessness severity and hasten postexertion recovery. Data from randomised controlled trials are limited and the optimal airflow speed remains unknown. We aimed to determine the effect of different airflow speeds on recovery from exercise-induced breathlessness.

Methods
A prospective, randomised, cross-over design. Ten healthy participants (seven male; mean age 29±4 years; height 175±9 cm; body mass 76.9±14.1 kg) completed six bouts of 4 min of exercise. During the first 5 min of a 20 min recovery phase, participants received one of five airflow speeds by holding a fan ~15 cm from their face, or no fan control, administered in random order. Fan A had an internal blade, and fan B had an external blade. Breathlessness was measured using a numerical rating scale (NRS) at minute intervals for the first 10 min, and facial skin temperature was recorded using a thermal imaging camera (immediately postexertion and 5 min recovery).

Results

Nine participants completed the trial. A significant main effect for airflow speed (p=0.016, ηp
2
=0.285) and interaction effect for airflow speed over time (p=0.008, ηp
2
=0.167) suggest that the airflow speed modifies breathlessness during recovery from exercise. Fan speeds of 1.7 m/s or greater increased the speed of recovery from breathlessness compared with control (p<0.05) with the highest airflow speeds (2.5 m/s and 3.3 m/s) giving greatest facial cooling.

Conclusion
Higher airflow rates (1.7 m/s or greater) reduced self-reported recovery times from exercise-induced breathlessness and reduced facial temperature .
Simple, minimally invasive technique for ovariohysterectomy in the dog
Authors: Pukacz M. , Kienzle B. , Braun J. 
Published: September 2023

A simple method of minimally invasive surgery for ovariohysterectomy in the dog, without the use of laparoscopic equipment, was trialled. Fifty‐nine client owned dogs of different breeds admitted for elective ovariohysterectomy were entered into the study. The tip of the left uterine horn and ovary were pulled into a cranial midline portal with the aid of a spay hook. The ovarian pedicle and the tip of the uterine horn were ligated and the ovary was dissected. The uterine horn was pulled backwards from a second midline portal, just cranial of the pubic bone, until the cervix was visible. After ligation and dissection of the cervix, the right uterine horn was pulled from the cranial portal until the right ovary was visible and could also be dissected. All 59 dogs underwent the intended procedure (mean duration 59 minutes, range 30 to 88 minutes). No haemorrhaging occurred during surgery and no serious complications were reported during the postoperative period.
The DL Advocate: playing the devil’s advocate with hidden systematic uncertainties
Authors: Golutvin Andrei , Iniukhin Aleksandr , Mauri Andrea , Owen Patrick , Serra Nicola , Ustyuzhanin Andrey 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe propose a new method based on machine learning to play the devil’s advocate and investigate the impact of unknown systematic effects in a quantitative way. This method proceeds by reversing the measurement process and using the physics results to interpret systematic effects under the Standard Model hypothesis. We explore this idea with two alternative approaches: the first one relies on a combination of gradient descent and optimisation techniques, its application and potentiality is illustrated with an example that studies the branching fraction measurement of a heavy-flavour decay. The second method employs reinforcement learning and it is applied to the determination of the $$P_{5}^{'}$$

P

5

′

angular observable in $$B^0 \rightarrow K^{*0} {\mu ^+\mu ^-}$$

B
0

→

K

∗
0

μ
+

μ
-

decays. We find that for the former, the size of a hypothetical hidden systematic uncertainty strongly depends on the kinematic overlap between the signal and normalisation channel, while the latter is very robust against possible mismodellings of the efficiency.
Anisotropic ultra-compact object in Serrano–Liska gravity model
Authors: Prasetyo I. , Belfaqih I. H. , Suroso A. , Sulaksono A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe implement a recent model proposed by Serrano–Liska (SL) (Alonso-Serrano and Liška, JHEP, 12:196, 2020) to study the ultra-compact star properties. The matter in the interior star is modeled by the quark model, deducted from QCD theory equipped with anisotropic pressure. Anisotropy is used to increase the compactness of the stars. We intend to see the signature of the “quantum gravity” effect through the SL model in ultra-compact stars. The SL model was motivated by quantum correction appearing in the black hole by adding a logarithmic term in gravity entropy used to derive the effective Einstein field equation. We expect this correction term in the SL model also affects ultra-compact star properties. The SL model with coupling constant$${\tilde{c}}$$c~in logarithmic term equipped with spherically symmetric metric yields correction terms$$\mathscr {O}({\tilde{c}})$$O(c~)that can be expressed by a function$$\varXi (r)$$Ξ(r). The$$\varXi (r)$$Ξ(r)function vanishes at the star’s exterior. We found that the mass-radius relation prediction by the SL model with anisotropic matter deviates from the one predicted by the standard Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff (TOV) equation for$${\tilde{c}}\ge 10^7$$c~≥107m$$^2$$2. We also have a sufficiently deep enough effective potential to produce a quasi-normal mode. We obtain the echo frequency of 15.2 kHz using maximum anisotropic pressure contribution and$${\tilde{c}}= 10^7$$c~=107m$$^2$$2. Because the corresponding effective potential is almost indistinguishable from that of GR, this echo frequency value can be indistinguishable to one of GR, but not comparable to the result from GW170817 data analysis, i.e., 72 Hz. To circumvent this problem, we can decrease the value of echo frequency by increasing the magnitude of$${\tilde{c}}$$c~to orders of magnitude than$${\tilde{c}}= 10^7$$c~=107m$$^2$$2. On the other hand, too large a strength from the logarithmic correction term is not physically favored because we learn from the black hole case that the logarithmic term is expected to be smaller than that of the Bekenstein term. Therefore, more precise gravitation echo measurements are crucial to understand this issue.
Multi muon/anti-muon signals via productions of gauge and scalar bosons in a $$U(1)_{L_\mu - L_\tau }$$ model at muonic colliders
Authors: Das Arindam , Nomura Takaaki , Shimomura Takashi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe discuss the discovery potential of a promising signals, $$3 \times \mu ^+ \mu ^-$$

3
×

μ
+

μ
-

at a $$\mu ^+ \mu ^-$$

μ
+

μ
-

collider and $$\mu ^+ \mu ^+ \mu ^+ \mu ^+ \mu ^- \mu ^- $$

μ
+

μ
+

μ
+

μ
+

μ
-

μ
-

at a $$\mu ^+ \mu ^+$$

μ
+

μ
+

collider, that are obtained via production of $$Z'$$

Z
′

and a new scalar boson $$\phi $$
ϕ
in a spontaneously broken local $$U(1)_{L_\mu - L_\tau }$$

U

(
1
)

L
μ

-

L
τ

model. We consider the $$Z'$$

Z
′

associated production from the process $$\mu ^+ \mu ^- \rightarrow \phi Z'$$

μ
+

μ
-

→
ϕ

Z
′

in addition to a muonphilic $$Z'$$

Z
′

fusion process $$\mu ^+ \mu ^\pm \rightarrow \phi \mu ^+ \mu ^\pm $$

μ
+

μ
±

→
ϕ

μ
+

μ
±

. The scalar boson is associated with $$U(1)_{L_\mu - L_\tau }$$

U

(
1
)

L
μ

-

L
τ

symmetry breaking and dominantly decays into $$Z' Z'$$

Z
′

Z
′

mode. We carry out numerical simulation analysis for signal and background processes to estimate a discovery significance for different benchmark points. It is shown that our signal can be observed with integrated luminosity less than $$\mathcal {O}(100)$$

O
(
100
)

fb$$^{-1}$$

-
1

for both $$\mu ^+ \mu ^-$$

μ
+

μ
-

and $$\mu ^+ \mu ^+$$

μ
+

μ
+

colliders with more than 5-$$\sigma $$
σ
significance.
Biomarker-Driven Personalization of Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Melanoma
Authors: Hoeijmakers Lotte L. , Reijers Irene L.M. , Blank Christian U. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

The introduction of immunotherapy has ushered in a new era of anticancer therapy for many cancer types including melanoma. Given the increasing development of novel compounds and combinations and the investigation in earlier disease stages, the need grows for biomarker-based treatment personalization. Stage III melanoma is one of the front-runners in the neoadjuvant immunotherapy field, facilitating quick biomarker identification by its immunogenic capacity, homogeneous patient population, and reliable efficacy readout. In this review, we discuss potential biomarkers for response prediction to neoadjuvant immunotherapy, and how the neoadjuvant melanoma platform could pave the way for biomarker identification in other tumor types.

Significance:
In accordance with the increasing rate of therapy development, the need for biomarker-driven personalized treatments grows. The current landscape of neoadjuvant treatment and biomarker development in stage III melanoma can function as a poster child for these personalized treatments in other tumors, assisting in the development of new biomarker-based neoadjuvant trials. This will contribute to personalized benefit–risk predictions to identify the most beneficial treatment for each patient.
Association of Device-Measured Physical Activity With Cardiovascular Outcomes in Individuals With Hypertension
Authors: Xiang Boyang , Zhou Yujia , Wu Xiaoguang , Zhou Xiang 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
There is insufficient evidence to show that the guidelines’ recommendations of physical activity (PA) are associated with long-term benefits in individuals with hypertension.

METHODS:
This prospective cohort study included UK Biobank participants with hypertension. Time spent on vigorous-intensity PA (VPA), moderate-intensity PA (MPA), and light-intensity PA (LPA) measured by wrist-worn accelerometer were extracted. The primary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (including cardiovascular death, stroke, and myocardial infarction) and all-cause mortality. The secondary outcomes were cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke, respectively. The relationships of PA with outcomes were analyzed using Cox regression models.

RESULTS:
This study included 49 060 eligible participants with a median follow-up of 7.0 years. MPA was inversely associated with risks of major adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Modest amounts of LPA or VPA were likely to be more beneficial than higher amounts of either in all-cause death or cardiovascular outcomes. Compared with the least active group, 150 to 300 min/wk of MPA or more was significantly associated with decreased risk of all-cause death (by 34%−54%) and major adverse cardiovascular events (by 23%−41%), but 75 to 150 min/wk of VPA or more was associated with few further benefits, even weakening the cardiovascular benefits.

CONCLUSIONS:
MPA had an inverse dose-response association with the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with hypertension. Modest amounts of LPA or VPA are also beneficial, but higher amounts may be not. MPA may be the optimal PA intensity for individuals with hypertension. Further researches are required to determine whether high levels of VPA should be recommended.
Climate Change and Urban Migration in Sub-Saharan African Cities: Impacts and Governance Challenges
Authors: Tietjen Bethany , Jacobsen Karen , Hollander Justin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Urban informal settlements are rapidly expanding in countries around the world. This is due partly to high birth rates, but also because of growing in-migration driven by climate change impacts affecting rural populations. Urban informal settlements struggle with degraded and sometimes nonexistent infrastructure (such as water, sewage, and drainage systems) and service provision (health, education), and these shortcomings are aggravated by urban climate-related hazards like flooding and heat spikes. As informal settlements expand, their already overburdened infrastructure can lead to urban disasters such as flooding and landfill collapse. These challenges increase the governance and financial problems already faced by cities and create significant problems for climate resilience planning processes. Policy responses at both the national and city levels promise much but deliver little. This article reviews what is known about the environmental problems of informal settlements, particularly those in African cities, and how city governments have responded to those problems. We focus on two inland cities: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Kampala, Uganda. We find that city climate adaptation plans do not incorporate the perspective of migrants, who are both particularly vulnerable to climate change and play a role in exacerbating environmental challenges in cities.
Cerebellar Atrophy and Language Processing in Chronic Left-Hemisphere Stroke
Authors: Newman-Norlund Roger D. , Gibson Makayla , Johnson Lisa , Teghipco Alex , Rorden Chris , Bonilha Leonardo , Fridriksson Julius 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Chronic stroke results in significant downstream changes at connected cortical sites. However, less is known about the impact of cortical stroke on cerebellar structure. Here, we examined the relationship between chronic stroke, cerebellar volume, cerebellar symmetry, language impairment, and treatment trajectories in a large cohort (N = 249) of chronic left hemisphere (LH) stroke patients with aphasia, using a healthy aging cohort (N = 244) as control data. Cerebellar gray matter volume was significantly reduced in chronic LH stroke relative to healthy control brains. Within the chronic LH stroke group, we observed a robust relationship between cerebellar volume, lesion size, and days post-stroke. Notably, the extent of cerebellar atrophy in chronic LH patients, particularly in the contralesional (right) cerebellar gray matter, explained significant variability in post-stroke aphasia severity, as measured by the Western Aphasia Battery—Revised, above and beyond traditional considerations such as cortical lesion size, days post-stroke, and demographic measures (age, race, sex). In a subset of participants that took part in language treatment studies, greater cerebellar gray matter volume was associated with greater treatment gains. These data support the importance of considering both cerebellar volume and symmetry in models of post-stroke aphasia severity and recovery.
Past Life Meditation Decreases Existential Death Anxiety and Increases Meaning in Life among Individuals Who Believe in the Paranormal
Authors: White Claire , Farias Miguel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Despite their growing popularity, little is known about the psychological effects of participating in past-life meditation groups in contemporary western contexts. We conducted a study to re-create some of the conditions observed in the field by facilitating a group of adults interested in exploring past life meditation. Before the session, participants completed a survey about their afterlife beliefs and associated experiences. Participants also completed questionnaires measuring meaningfulness in life and fear of death before and after the session. In the sample (n = 125), just over half of the participants (52%) reported having a past life memory or vision during the session. Higher paranormal beliefs predicted reporting a past life memory or vision. We also found that having prior memories or visions of having lived before, but not the general belief in having a past life, predicted reporting having past life experiences during the session. Consistent with our predictions, participants who reported having a past life memory or vision also reported reduced existential death distress and increased meaningfulness in life following the session, compared to those who did not report these experiences.
Bound to Share or Not to Care. The Force of Fate, Gods, Luck, Chance and Choice across Cultures
Authors: Berniūnas Renatas , Beinorius Audrius , Dranseika Vilius , Silius Vytis , Rimkevičius Paulius 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
People across cultures consider everyday choices in the context of perceived various external life-determining forces: such as fate and gods (two teleological forces) and such notions as luck and chance (two non-teleological forces). There is little cross-cultural evidence (except for a belief in gods) showing how people relate these salient notions of life-determining forces to prosociality and a sense of well-being. The current paper provides preliminary cross-cultural data to address this gap. Results indicate that choice is the most important life-determining factor. Regression analyses indicate that choice and belief in gods and fate emerged as significant predictors of prosociality towards strangers. Moreover, luck was a significant predictor of decreased prosociality. A relation between life-determining forces and life satisfaction followed the same pattern: choice, gods, and fate emerged as significant predictors of greater life satisfaction, whereas luck was associated with decreased life satisfaction. The overall pattern of results indicates that participants across different cultures might sense being bounded to share or not to care depending on the perceived intentional agency and meaning in the external forces.
Can Confucian Ritual Improve Mediation?
Authors: Wang Chao , Lassi Nicholas 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Mediation often fails because disputants scheme, lie, and become emotionally untethered. Productive mediation requires cooperation, self-possession, and a degree of sincerity among disputants. Improving the capacity of disputants to engage harmoniously to achieve resolution is essential, as discussed in the United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation (the Singapore Mediation Convention). Confucius believed that ritualized mediation most effectively settled public disputes. Confucian rituals transmit norms and expectations, manifest sincerity, promote self-control, and unite disputants for harmonious resolutions, which can significantly improve modern mediation. This has implications for settlement satisfaction, mediator precision, mediation integrity, social harmony, and savings in time, money, and effort that would otherwise be allocated to litigation. Candidate rituals include calming words and actions during mediation when parties become overly competitive or heated, traditional tea ceremonies, feng shui (風水) influenced mediation environments, and traditional music.
Compellence and batna for the Denuclearization of North Korea
Authors: Park Hwee-rhak 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article analyzes the denuclearization negotiations with North Korea and recommends options to compel North Korea to denuclearize, focusing on the best alternative to a negotiated agreement (batna) concept. President Trump’s recent denuclearization summit meetings with North Korea failed because he did not employ a batna in his negotiations. A few candidates for the batna are compared and evaluated using criteria of effectiveness and feasibility. This article concludes that military strikes or economic sanctions cannot be relevant as batna s because of North Korea’s success in developing its second-strike nuclear capabilities and probable Chinese support. While South Korea’s nuclear armament does not seem feasible in the short term, another nuclear-sharing arrangement in Northeast or East Asia could be a viable and practical batna. The United States and South Korea should implement this batna gradually, reflecting the degree of the nuclear threat from North Korea.
Jaulung Wismar Saragih
Authors: Sipayung Parulihan , Kaunda Chammah J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study explores the theological significance of Jaulung Wismar Saragih (1888-1968), the first-generation Christian, ordained pastor and theologian from the Simalungun ethnic group. He was also the first local person to translate the Bible into his local language in the Indonesian context. Saragih’s theological thinking foregrounded Indonesian postcolonial contextual theology regarding the identity and role of the church for social transformation in the context of religious pluralism and the struggle for gender justice, human freedom, and dignity. This study is an appreciative inquiry from a postcolonial theo-historical and biographical reconstruction of Saragih’s contextual theology and its public theological implications for contemporary Indonesia.
The Attitudes of Asian Anglicans towards Women Bishops and the Gender Beliefs that Influence Them
Authors: Teoh S. J. Ying , Low P.K. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Regarding the ordination of women to higher spiritual leadership positions in the Anglican Church, existing studies have tended to focus on attitudes and perceptions in non-Asian countries and regions, thereby affecting the generalisability of their results to Asian countries such as Singapore. Working to close this gap, a small exploratory study using semi-structured interviews was conducted in Singapore. Eight Anglican parishioners were interviewed, and the transcripts were treated with thematic analysis. Overall, the findings suggest a seeming disconnect between attitudes towards gender equality in secular and faith-based workplaces, implying a social contextual influence on the transferability of an individual’s gender-equal attitudes across secular and religious spheres. Some participants sought to manage this disconnect through the conditional support of female bishops, hinged upon them remaining subject to higher male leadership.