bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time‐Lapse Geophysical Investigation of Geyser Dynamics at Spouter Geyser, Yellowstone National Park: Geyser Dynamics II
Authors: Ciraula D. A. , Carr B. J. , Sims K. W. W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGeysers are unique hydrothermal features, requiring specific geometry, fluid, and vapor input, and heat to produce eruptions. In a geyser eruption, the decompression of superheated hydrothermal fluids results in a conversion of thermal to kinetic energy. Recent studies conclude that a laterally offset cavity structure (bubble trap) plays an integral role in the geyser eruption process. In this second study of Spouter Geyser, Yellowstone National Park (YNP), we build on the geyser structure developed in the first publication and explore how structural components, such as the bubble trap, control eruption dynamics. We utilize time‐lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and transient electromagnetics (TEM) geophysical methods to track changes in the saturation of conductive hydrothermal fluid and resistive vapor through the eruption cycle. Additionally, we use pressure‐temperature transducer data to measure eruption and recharge durations over the past 23 years at Spouter Geyser, identifying long‐period trends in geyser behavior. The geophysics results support the bubble trap model, capturing an increase in resistivity in the bubble trap structure during the recharge phase interpreted as a vapor saturation increase. The TEM also captures a resistivity increase in the 20–30 m depth interval during the eruption phase, interpreted as a vapor‐dominated “flash eruption zone” where the superheated hydrothermal fluids flash into steam and drive fluid out of this zone during the eruption. From the temperature time‐series detailing 23 years of eruption and recharge durations, we find that eruption durations have remained constant at ∼2 hr while recharge durations have decreased linearly at 6.6 min/year.
Anomalous Attenuation of High‐Frequency Seismic Waves in Taiwan: Observation, Model and Interpretation
Authors: Calvet M. , Margerin L. , Hung S.‐H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHigh resolution maps of seismic attenuation parameters in Taiwan have been obtained from a modified “Multiple Lapse Time Window Analysis” (MLTWA). At most of the stations in porous sedimentary and highly faulted areas in Taiwan, the conventional modeling of MLTWA based on the scalar theory of radiative transfer in a half‐space with isotropic scattering fails to explain the spatio‐temporal distribution of the whole S‐wave train. Using Monte Carlo simulations of wave transport, we demonstrate that this anomalous energy distribution in the coda may be modeled by multiple anisotropic scattering of seismic waves. In addition to the scattering quality factor , we introduce a parameter (independent of ) which determines the angular redistribution of energy upon scattering (scattering anisotropy). We inverted the attenuation parameters , and g in three frequency bands (1–2, 2–4, and 4–8 Hz). Overall, Taiwan is more attenuating than most orogens with a mean effective scattering loss and a mean intrinsic absorption of 2.5 × 10−3 and 9 × 10−3 at 1.5 Hz, respectively. Scattering loss varies over more than one order of magnitude across Taiwan while absorption variations reach approximately 30%. The more attenuating zones are the Coastal Range and the Coastal Plain where scattering dominates over absorption at low frequency, and inversely at high frequency. These regions are also characterized by strong backscattering ( < −0.85) at 1.5 Hz and rather high ratio. We propose that the observed strong back‐scattering at low frequency, related to large impedance fluctuations in the crust, is induced by the presence of fluids.
Meridional Variability in Multi‐Decadal Trends of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in Surface Seawater of the Western North Pacific Along the 165°E Line
Authors: Ono Hisashi , Toyama Katsuya , Enyo Kazutaka , Iida Yosuke , Sasano Daisuke , Nakaoka Shin‐Ichiro , Ishii Masao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMulti‐decadal trends of the total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations and consequent ocean acidification in surface seawater were investigated on the basis of data from shipboard measurements conducted since 1996 along the 165°E repeat line in the western North Pacific. The observed trends exhibited clear meridional variabilities, with higher rates in the subtropical and tropical zones and lower rates in the subarctic zone, with a DIC range from +0.09 ± 0.14 to +1.64 ± 0.16 μmol kg−1 yr−1 and pH range from −0.0023 ± 0.0034 to −0.0281 ± 0.0059 decade−1. DIC and acidification trends were consistent with those expected from the atmospheric CO2 concentrations at nearly all latitudinal zones, but were significantly different at some latitudes. We attribute the significantly lower rates observed in the central western Subarctic Gyre and southern Subtropical Gyres primarily to the variabilities in upward DIC supply from the subsurface associated with the variability in ocean circulation. However, the higher rate observed to the south of the Kuroshio Extension appears to have been caused by the change in winter vertical mixing related to the change in its stable/unstable paths.
Multi-millijoule terahertz emission from laser-wakefield-accelerated electrons
Authors: Pak Taegyu , Rezaei-Pandari Mohammad , Kim Sang Beom , Lee Geonwoo , Wi Dae Hee , Hojbota Calin Ioan , Mirzaie Mohammad , Kim Hyeongmun , Sung Jae Hee , Lee Seong Ku , Kang Chul , Kim Ki-Yong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHigh-power terahertz radiation was observed to be emitted from a gas jet irradiated by 100-terawatt-class laser pulses in the laser-wakefield acceleration of electrons. The emitted terahertz radiation was characterized in terms of its spectrum, polarization, and energy dependence on the accompanying electron bunch energy and charge under various gas target conditions. With a nitrogen target, more than 4 mJ of energy was produced at <10 THz with a laser-to-terahertz conversion efficiency of ~0.15%. Such strong terahertz radiation is hypothesized to be produced from plasma electrons accelerated by the ponderomotive force of the laser and the plasma wakefields on the time scale of the laser pulse duration and plasma period. This model is examined with analytic calculations and particle-in-cell simulations to better understand the generation mechanism of high-energy terahertz radiation in laser-wakefield acceleration.
Self-optimized single-nanowire photoluminescence thermometry
Authors: Liang Zhang , Wu Jinhua , Cui Ying , Sun Hao , Ning Cun-Zheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNanomaterials-based photoluminescence thermometry (PLT) is a new contact-free photonic approach for temperature sensing, important for applications ranging from quantum technology to biomedical imaging and diagnostics. Even though numerous new materials have been explored, great challenges and deficiencies remain that hamper many applications. In contrast to most of the existing approaches that use large ensembles of rare-earth-doped nanomaterials with large volumes and unavoidable inhomogeneity, we demonstrate the ultimate size reduction and simplicity of PLT by using only a single erbium-chloride-silicate (ECS) nanowire. Importantly, we propose and demonstrate a novel strategy that contains a self-optimization or “smart” procedure to automatically identify the best PL intensity ratio for temperature sensing. The automated procedure is used to self-optimize key sensing metrics, such as sensitivity, precision, or resolution to achieve an all-around superior PLT including several record-setting metrics including the first sensitivity exceeding 100% K−1 (~138% K−1), the highest resolution of 0.01 K, and the largest range of sensible temperatures 4–500 K operating completely within 1500–1800 nm (an important biological window). The high-quality ECS nanowire enables the use of well-resolved Stark-sublevels to construct a series of PL intensity ratios for optimization in infrared, allowing the completely Boltzmann-based sensing at cryogenic temperature for the first time. Our single-nanowire PLT and the proposed optimization strategy overcome many existing challenges and could fundamentally impact PL nano-thermometry and related applications such as single-cell thermometry.
Alterations in the LRRK2-Rab pathway in urinary extracellular vesicles as Parkinson’s disease and pharmacodynamic biomarkers
Authors: Taymans Jean-Marc , Mutez Eugénie , Sibran William , Vandewynckel Laurine , Deldycke Claire , Bleuse Séverine , Marchand Antoine , Sarchione Alessia , Leghay Coline , Kreisler Alexandre , Simonin Clémence , Koprich James , Baille Guillaume , Defebvre Luc , Dujardin Kathy , Destée Alain , Chartier-Harlin Marie-Christine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractExpression or phosphorylation levels of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and its Rab substrates have strong potential as disease or pharmacodynamic biomarkers. The main objective of this study is therefore to assess the LRRK2-Rab pathway for use as biomarkers in human, non-human primate (NHP) and rat urine. With urine collected from human subjects and animals, we applied an ultracentrifugation based fractionation protocol to isolate small urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs). We used western blot with antibodies directed against total and phosphorylated LRRK2, Rab8, and Rab10 to measure these LRRK2 and Rab epitopes in uEVs. We confirm the presence of LRRK2 and Rab8/10 in human and NHP uEVs, including total LRRK2 as well as phospho-LRRK2, phospho-Rab8 and phospho-Rab10. We also confirm LRRK2 and Rab expression in rodent uEVs. We quantified LRRK2 and Rab epitopes in human cohorts and found in a first cohort that pS1292-LRRK2 levels were elevated in individuals carrying the LRRK2 G2019S mutation, without significant differences between healthy and PD groups, whether for LRRK2 G2019S carriers or not. In a second cohort, we found that PD was associated to increased Rab8 levels and decreased pS910-LRRK2 and pS935-LRRK2. In animals, acute treatment with LRRK2 kinase inhibitors led to decreased pT73-Rab10. The identification of changes in Rab8 and LRRK2 phosphorylation at S910 and S935 heterologous phosphosites in uEVs of PD patients and pT73-Rab10 in inhibitor-dosed animals further reinforces the potential of the LRRK2-Rab pathway as a source of PD and pharmacodynamic biomarkers in uEVs.
Fish shoals resemble a stochastic excitable system driven by environmental perturbations
Authors: Gómez-Nava Luis , Lange Robert T. , Klamser Pascal P. , Lukas Juliane , Arias-Rodriguez Lenin , Bierbach David , Krause Jens , Sprekeler Henning , Romanczuk Pawel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGroups of animals can perform highly coordinated collective behaviours that confer benefits to the participating individuals by facilitating social information exchange and protection from predators1. Some of these characteristics could arise when groups operate at critical points between two structurally and functionally different states, leading to maximal responsiveness to external stimuli and effective propagation of information2,3. It has been proposed that animal groups constitute examples of self-organized systems at criticality2,3; however, direct empirical evidence of this hypothesis—in particular in the wild—is mostly absent. Here we show that highly conspicuous, repetitive and rhythmic collective dive cascades produced by many thousands of freshwater fish under high predation risk resemble a stochastic excitable system driven by environmental perturbations. Together with the results of an agent-based model of the system, this suggests that these fish shoals might operate at a critical point between a state of high individual diving activity and low overall diving activity. We show that the best fitting model, which is located at a critical point, allows information about external perturbations—such as predator attacks—to propagate most effectively through the shoal. Our results suggest that criticality might be a plausible principle of distributed information processing in large animal collectives.
Eco-ISEA3H, a machine learning ready spatial database for ecometric and species distribution modeling
Authors: Mechenich Michael F. , Žliobaitė Indrė 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe present the Eco-ISEA3H database, a compilation of global spatial data characterizing climate, geology, land cover, physical and human geography, and the geographic ranges of nearly 900 large mammalian species. The data are tailored for machine learning (ML)-based ecological modeling, and are intended primarily for continental- to global-scale ecometric and species distribution modeling. Such models are trained on present-day data and applied to the geologic past, or to future scenarios of climatic and environmental change. Model training requires integrated global datasets, describing species’ occurrence and environment via consistent observational units. The Eco-ISEA3H database incorporates data from 17 sources, and includes 3,033 variables. The database is built on the Icosahedral Snyder Equal Area (ISEA) aperture 3 hexagonal (3H) discrete global grid system (DGGS), which partitions the Earth’s surface into equal-area hexagonal cells. Source data were incorporated at six nested ISEA3H resolutions, using scripts developed and made available here. We demonstrate the utility of the database in a case study analyzing the bioclimatic envelopes of ten large, widely distributed mammalian species.
CASPR2 antibody associated neurological syndromes in children
Authors: Wu Liwen , Cai Fang , Zhuo Zhihong , Wu Dejun , Zhang Tianyi , Yang Haiyang , Fang Hongjun , Xiao Zhenghui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo strengthen the understanding of the clinical features for CASPR2 neurological autoimmunity in children. A multicenter retrospective and prospective analysis of CASPR2 autoimmunity was conducted. Twenty-six patients were enrolled, including 25 with serum positivity and 3 with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) positivity; 5 patients were co-positive with anti-NMDAR or anti-GABABR antibodies. Eleven patients (who manifested with refractory epilepsy, psychobehavioral abnormalities or germinoma) presented with low antibody titers, relatively normal MRI/EEG/CSF examinations, and poor response to immunotherapy and were thus considered false positive (42.3%). Fifteen patients were diagnosed with autoimmune encephalitis/ encephalopathy/ cerebellitis (including 1 whose condition was secondary to Japanese encephalitis). The most common symptoms included disorders of consciousness (10/15), fever (8/15), psychological symptoms/abnormal behaviors (8/15), sleep disorders (8/15), seizures (7/15), movement disorders (5/15), autonomic symptoms (5/15). Brain MRI revealed abnormalities in 10 patients (66.7%). Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings revealed a slow wave background in 13 patients (86.7%). Five patients showed elevated WBCs in CSF, and 4 patients showed elevated protein levels in the CSF. Thirteen patients received immunotherapy (rituximab was adopted in 2 cases) and recovered well. Two patients received symptomatic treatment, and the recovery was slow and accompanied by emotional abnormalities and developmental delay. Autoimmune encephalitis is the most common clinical phenotype; it can be secondary to Japanese encephalitis. Rituximab can be used in patients who respond poorly to conventional immunotherapy. The high false-positive rate of anti-CASPR2 in refractory epilepsy and the psychobehavioral abnormalities needs to be explored further.
Study on the application of optical coherence microscopy in Hirschsprung's disease
Authors: Wu Zhiwei , Song Jialun , Zeng Xianxu , Cao Zhenjie , Zhao Xinxin , Wang Peng , Ma Qian , Ma Huan , Wang Baojin , Du Junpeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo explore the clinical application value of optical coherence microscopy (OCM) in Hirschsprung’s disease. 109 HSCR patients were recuited in a Chinese hospital from January 2018 to July 2021. All the recruited patients underwent barium enema angiography preoperatively and the resected diseased intestinal tubes were evaluated intraoperatively. The OCM and the histopathological examination were performed successively on the surgical specimens, and the OCM images were compared with the relevant tissue sections to characterize different lesions. 10 non-HSCR fetal colorectal tissues at the same period were retained for OCM, the characteristics of which with and without HSCR under OCM imaging were analyzed. In the OCM images of in vitro tissue, it can be clearly observed that the scattering degree of HSCR narrow segment mucosal is high, glands and crypt structures are reduced or even atrophy, and the scattering degree of submucosal and intermuscular is low; In the dilated segment, the low scattering and high scattering are complex, and the muscle layer is obviously hypertrophy and structural disorder. Compared with the pathological findings, the OCM sensitivity, Kappa value, and AUC area reached 92.66%, 0.63, and 0.91, respectively. OCM can quickly and clearly display the structure of all layers of colorectal tissue, which is highly consistent with the corresponding histopathological examination results and has high sensitivity. which will provide a more reliable basis for OCM diagnosis of early HSCR, targeted biopsy and location of operative treatment, and has a certain potential for clinical application.
Application of neural network-based image analysis to detect sister chromatid cohesion defects
Authors: Ikemoto Daiki , Taniguchi Tomoya , Hirota Kouji , Nishikawa Kiyoshi , Okubo Kan , Abe Takuya 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSister chromatid cohesion (SCC) is mediated by the cohesin complex and its regulatory proteins. To evaluate the involvement of a protein in cohesin regulation, preparations of metaphase chromosome spreads and classifications of chromosome shapes after depletion of the target protein are commonly employed. Although this is a convenient and approved method, the evaluation and classification of each chromosome shape has to be performed manually by researchers. Therefore, this method is time consuming, and the results might be affected by the subjectivity of researchers. In this study, we developed neural network-based image recognition models to judge the positional relationship of sister chromatids, and thereby detect SCC defects. Transfer learning models based on SqueeezeNet or ResNet-18 were trained with more than 600 chromosome images labeled with the type of chromosome, which were classified according to the positional relationship between sister chromatids. The SqueezeNet-based trained model achieved a concordance rate of 73.1% with the sample answers given by a researcher. Importantly, the model successfully detected the SCC defect in the CTF18 deficient cell line, which was used as an SCC-defective model. These results indicate that neural-network-based image recognition models are valuable tools for examining SCC defects in different genetic backgrounds.
Handwriting kinematics during learning to write with the dominant left hand in converted left-handers
Authors: Stetter Laura , Sattler Johanna Barbara , Marquardt Christian , Hermsdörfer Joachim 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConverting left-handers to their non-dominant right hand was previously widespread, particularly for handwriting. The present study aimed to explore the extent to which adult, converted left-handers can learn writing with their dominant left hand during a 2-year training program. Eleven converted left-handers participated in the training. Handwriting kinematics were assessed at regular intervals (seven sessions) and compared to those of 11 innate left-handed controls matched for age, gender, and overall handedness score for basic (Finger,Wrist,Circle) and complex (Sentence,Copy) handwriting tasks. Regarding basic tasks in the training group, we found rapid increases in left and right-hand frequency and no significant differences between both hands at any time point, indicating successful hand transfer. After 24 months, training participants significantly surpassed controls for writing frequency in basic tasks with their left hand. For complex tasks, we identified significant increases in the training groups’ left-hand writing frequency and duration between the first and last session. While training participants’ left-hand writing remained significantly slower than their right-hand writing, statistics confirmed final differences between hands only for the duration of theSentencetask. Importantly, left-hand writing in the training group was characterized by lower frequency, lower automaticity, and prolonged duration after 24 months compared to innate left-handers. With training participants’ left-hand writing skills significantly increasing for complex tasks and no final statistically significant differences between hands for frequency and automaticity, the program was considered effective. Nevertheless, within 2 years, training participants did not reach innate left-handers handwriting proficiency for complex tasks. Underlying reasons may be various, such as a non-optimal training program, a sensitive period for learning to write, irreversible neural changes during conversion in childhood, age-related decline of motor learning capacity, or retrograde interference between right- and left-hand writing.
MiRNA-30d and miR-770-5p as potential clinical risk predictors of Vasoplegic Syndrome in Patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Vilca Mejia Omar Asdrúbal , de Souza Renato Cesar , S. Santos Aritania , Meneghini Bianca , Carvalho Silva Ana Carolina , Visconde Brasil Guilherme , Oliveira Carvalho Rigaud Vagner , Palma Dallan Luís Roberto , Pinho Moreira Luiz Felipe , Ferreira Lisboa Luiz Augusto , Oliveira Dallan Luís Alberto , Kalil Jorge , Cunha-Neto Edecio , Rodrigues Pinto Ferreira Ludmila , Biscegli Jatene Fábio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aims of this study were to perform pre-surgery miRNA profiling of patients who develop Vasoplegic syndrome (VS) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and identify those miRNAs that could be used as VS prognostic tools and biomarkers. The levels of 754 microRNAs (miRNAs) were measured in whole blood samples from a cohort of patients collected right before the coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. We compared the miRNA levels of those who developed VS (VASO group) with those who did not (NONVASO group) after surgery. Six miRNAs (hsa-miR-548c-3p, -199b-5p, -383-5p -571 -183-3p, -30d-5p) were increased and two (hsa-1236-3p, and hsa-miR770-5p) were decreased in blood of VASO compared to NONVASO groups. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that a combination of the miRNAs, hsa-miR-30d-5p and hsa-miR-770-5p can be used as VS predictors (AUC = 0.9615, p < 0.0001). The computational and functional analyses were performed to gain insights into the potential role of these dysregulated miRNAs in VS and have identified the “Apelin Liver Signaling Pathway” as the canonical pathway containing the most target genes regulated by these miRNAs. The expression of the combined miRNAs hsa-miR-30d and hsa-miR-770-5p allowed the ability to distinguish between patients who could and could not develop VS, representing a potential predictive biomarker of VS.