bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unemployment and endogenous choice on tax instruments in a tax competition model: unit tax versus ad valorem tax
Authors: Kikuchi Yuya , Tamai Toshiki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the endogenous choice of unit and ad valorem taxes in a model of tax competition with unemployment. Governments maximize objective functions that are a weighted sum of regional welfare and revenue. In the tax competition model, a high fixed wage rate generates unemployment and employment externalities. This effect can be either positive or negative because of freely mobile capital among regions. Without unemployment, revenue-maximizing governments choose unit taxes as their tax instrument to avoid revenue losses from intense tax competition under ad valorem taxes. However, with unemployment, positive employment externalities generate additional benefits for using ad valorem taxes to stimulate employment. Therefore, the present study shows that one region chooses an ad valorem tax, whereas the other chooses a unit tax, or that both governments use ad valorem taxes depending on employment externalities.
Assessing student teachers’ procedural fluency and strategic competence in operating and mathematizing with natural and rational numbers
Authors: Schulz Andreas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProcedural fluency and strategic competence in operating and mathematizing with natural and rational numbers are based on a flexible and meaningful use of mental models, strategies, and procedures. The study to be presented in this paper pursued the question as to which subdomains or tasks relating to procedural fluency and strategic competence at upper primary school level are particularly challenging for elementary school student teachers. The newly devised assessment instrument included mathematical problems from a wide variety of content domains such as numbers and operations with natural and rational numbers, place value, computational strategies, estimation, (inverse) proportion, combinatorics, mathematization, and word problems. A preceding theoretical task analysis ensured that the solution of the problems required adaptation of strategies and flexible reasoning about a procedure or a formula. In the assessment, each of the 15 tasks were presented to 280 first-semester student teachers. As the results of the analyses indicate, combinatorial problems and division problems with rational numbers proved to be particularly challenging for a large proportion of the participants. Supplemental qualitative analyses of solution pathways confirmed that the assessment tasks allowed for multiple solution pathways. The item difficulties could be explained by a lack of ability to link mental models, strategies, and procedures. The study makes a connection between theoretical and empirical research on educational standards and teacher education. It contributes to the international state of research about student teachers’ content knowledge by providing specific insights concerning procedural fluency and strategic competence.
“It’s All in Your Head”: Personality Traits and Gaslighting Tactics in Intimate Relationships
Authors: March Evita , Kay Cameron S. , Dinić Bojana M. , Wagstaff Danielle , Grabovac Beáta , Jonason Peter K. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Gaslighting is a form of psychological/emotional abuse inflicted upon an intimate partner that includes manipulative tactics such as misdirection, denial, lying, and contradiction – all to destabilize the victim/survivor. Compared to other forms of intimate partner abuse, gaslighting remains underexplored in the literature.

Aims/Purpose
In this preregistered study, we aimed to explore correlates between the Dark Tetrad traits (i.e., grandiose narcissism, vulnerable narcissism, Machiavellian tactics, Machiavellian views, primary psychopathy, secondary psychopathy, and sadism) and acceptance of gaslighting tactics in intimate relationships.

Method
Participants (N = 315; M
age = 42.39; 62.2% women) were recruited online and completed an online questionnaire. We developed and internally validated the Gaslighting Questionnaire, a 10-item self-report measure of acceptance of gaslighting tactics in intimate relationships.

Results
All the Dark Tetrad traits were associated with more acceptance of gaslighting tactics in intimate relationships, with primary psychopathy, Machiavellian tactics, and sadism emerging as significant predictors in the regression. We also examined sex differences. Compared to women, men found deploying gaslighting tactics more acceptable, and this was largely driven by sex differences in primary psychopathy. Further, men high in vulnerable narcissism demonstrated the greatest acceptance of gaslighting tactics.

Conclusions
These findings provide foundational information for understanding gaslighting tactics in intimate partner abuse and may have practical implications for relationship counsellors and clinicians practicing in this space. For example, the present findings indicate that personality assessment can be a valuable tool for estimating a client’s propensity to gaslight.
An introduction to the significance of sample size in particle analyses for nuclear forensics and radiological investigations
Authors: Inglis Jeremy D. , Samperton Kyle M. , Reinhard Andrew A. , Tenner Travis , Steiner Robert E. , Lamont Stephen P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractParticulate isotopic analysis in nuclear forensics has developed rapidly during the past two decades due to technical advances in determining the isotopic composition of individual particles. This paper introduces basic statistical concepts that can be applied by analysts to understand the importance of statistical adequacy when interpretating particle data. While these basic statistical methods provide a useful point-of-entry to particle data analysis, more sophisticated statistical and modeling approaches are needed to extract maximal information from such datasets in the future.
Building music with Lego bricks and Raspberry Pi
Authors: Barbancho Ana M. , Tardón Lorenzo J. , Barbancho Isabel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a system to build music in an intuitive and accessible way, with Lego bricks, is presented. The system makes use of the new powerful and cheap possibilities that technology offers for making old things in a new way. The Raspberry Pi is used to control the system and run the necessary algorithms, customized Lego bricks are used for building melodies, custom electronic designs, software pieces and 3D printed parts complete the items employed. The system designed is modular, it allows creating melodies with chords and percussion or just melodies or perform as a beatbox or a melody box. The main interaction with the system is made using Lego-type building blocks. Tests have demonstrated its versatility and ease of use, as well as its usefulness in music learning for both children and adults.
Quantum process tomography of unitary maps from time-delayed measurements
Authors: López Gutiérrez Irene , Dietrich Felix , Mendl Christian B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractQuantum process tomography conventionally uses a multitude of initial quantum states and then performs state tomography on the process output. Here we propose and study an alternative approach which requires only a single (or few) known initial states together with time-delayed measurements for reconstructing the unitary map and corresponding Hamiltonian of the time dynamics. The overarching mathematical framework and feasibility guarantee of our method is provided by the Takens embedding theorem. We explain in detail how the reconstruction of a single-qubit Hamiltonian works in this setting and provide numerical methods and experiments for general few-qubit and lattice systems with local interactions. In particular, the method allows to find the Hamiltonian of a two qubit system by observing only one of the qubits.
Health-related quality of life among people who inject drugs in Australia
Authors: Cheng Qinglu , Bajis Sahar , Cunningham Evan , Shih Sophy T. F. , Schulz Marcel , Marshall Alison D. , Martin Natasha K. , Miners Alec , Hajarizadeh Behzad , Wiseman Virginia , Dore Gregory J. , Grebely Jason 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
There is limited research on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among people who inject drugs (PWID). We aimed to evaluate factors associated with HRQoL among a cohort of PWID in Australia.

Methods
Participants were enrolled in an observational cohort study (the LiveRLife Study) between 2014 and 2018 at 15 sites in Australia. They provided fingerstick whole-blood samples for point-of-care HCV RNA testing and underwent transient elastography to assess liver disease. Participants completed the EQ-5D-3L survey at enrolment. Regression models were used to assess the impact of clinical and socioeconomic characteristics on the EQ-5D-3L scores.

Results
Among 751 participants (median age, 43 years; 67% male), 63% reported injection drug use in the past month, 43% had current HCV infection, and 68% had no/mild liver fibrosis (F0/F1). The mean EQ-5D-3L and EQ-VAS scores were 0.67 and 62, respectively, for the overall study population. There was no significant difference in the EQ-5D-3L scores among people with and without recent injecting drug use (mean: 0.66 vs. 0.68, median: 0.73 vs. 0.78, P = 0.405), and among people receiving and not receiving opioid agonist therapy (mean: 0.66 vs. 0.68, median: 0.73 vs. 0.76, P = 0.215). Participants who were employed were found to have the highest mean EQ-5D-3L (0.83) and EQ-VAS scores (77). The presence of current HCV infection, liver fibrosis stage, and high-risk alcohol consumption had little impact on HRQoL.

Conclusions
The study findings provide important HRQoL data for economic evaluations, useful for guiding the allocation of resources for HCV elimination strategies and interventions among PWID.
The continuous-time hidden Markov model based on discretization. Properties of estimators and applications
Authors: Gámiz María Luz , Limnios Nikolaos , Segovia-García Mari Carmen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper we consider continuous-time hidden Markov processes (CTHMM). The model considered is a two-dimensional stochastic process $$(X_t,Y_t)$$

(

X
t

,

Y
t

)

, with $$X_t$$

X
t

an unobserved (hidden) Markov chain defined by its generating matrix and $$Y_t$$

Y
t

an observed process whose distribution law depends on $$X_t$$

X
t

and is called the emission function. In general, we allow the process $$Y_t$$

Y
t

to take values in a subset of the q-dimensional real space, for some q. The coupled process $$(X_t,Y_t)$$

(

X
t

,

Y
t

)

is a continuous-time Markov chain whose generator is constructed from the generating matrix of X and the emission distribution. We study the theoretical properties of this two-dimensional process using a formulation based on semi-Markov processes. Observations of the CTHMM are obtained by discretization considering two different scenarii. In the first case we consider that observations of the process Y are registered regularly in time, while in the second one, observations arrive at random. Maximum-likelihood estimators of the characteristics of the coupled process are obtained in both scenarii and the asymptotic properties of these estimators are shown, such as consistency and normality. To illustrate the model a real-data example and a simulation study are considered.
Intellectual arrogance: individual, group-based, and corporate
Authors: Tanesini Alessandra 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the article I argue that intellectual arrogance can be an individual, collective and even corporate vice. I show that arrogance is in all these cases underpinned by defensive positive evaluations of epistemic features of the evaluator in the service of buttressing its illegitimate social dominance. Individual arrogance as superbia or as hubris stems from attitudes biased by the motive of self-enhancement. Collective arrogance is underpinned by positive defensive attitudes to a one’s social identity that seeks to maintain its unwarranted social dominance. Finally, corporations are arrogant when their attitudes are the aggregation of the arrogant dispositions of its managers or when these corporations have inherited structures and policies that are defensive of its illegitimately dominant social status.
Hippocampal ferroptosis is involved in learning and memory impairment in rats induced by microwave and electromagnetic pulse combined exposure
Authors: Lai Yunfei , Wang Haoyu , Xu Xinping , Dong Ji , Song Yiwei , Zhao Haixia , Wu You , Zhao Li , Wang Hui , Zhang Jing , Yao Binwei , Zou Yong , Zhou Hongmei , Peng Ruiyun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMicrowave (MW) and electromagnetic pulse (EMP) are considered environmental pollutants, both of which can induce learning and memory impairments. However, the bioeffects of combined exposure to MW and EMP have never been explored. This paper aimed to investigate the effects of combined exposure to MW and EMP on the learning and memory of rats as well as its association with ferroptosis in the hippocampus. In this study, rats were exposed to EMP, MW, or EMP and MW combined radiation. After exposure, impairment of learning and memory, alterations in brain electrophysiological activity, and damage to hippocampal neurons were observed in rats. Moreover, we also found alterations in ferroptosis hallmarks, including increased levels of iron, lipid peroxidation, and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) mRNA, as well as downregulation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protein in the rat hippocampus after exposure. Our results suggested that either single or combined exposure to MW and EMP radiation could impair learning and memory and damage hippocampal neurons in rats. Moreover, the adverse effects caused by the combined exposure were more severe than the single exposures, which might be due to cumulative effects rather than synergistic effects. Furthermore, ferroptosis in the hippocampus might be a common underlying mechanism of learning and memory impairment induced by both single and combined MW and EMP exposure.
Social Integration – Levels and Dimensions
Authors: Schwinn Thomas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe conceptual proposals on social integration are diffuse and vague. Alarmist diagnoses are contrasted by empirical research results that give an all-clear signal. For an adequate understanding of social integration processes, basic theoretical questions must first be clarified. The specific unit “society” as the point of reference for what is to be integrated is replaced by a constitutional perspective that takes a look at different levels of societization (Vergesellschaftung[Max Weber’s term “Vergesellschaftung” is not easy to translate. I follow Bruun and Whimster’s (in Weber 2012, p. 496) proposal: “societization”.]) and their relationship with one another (social categories, milieus, intermediary organizations, state order, and the global level). Social integration is not identical to a stable and well-organized order. It has value references that set standards for successful integration. However, the extent of cultural integration is no less fraught with conflict than that of social integration. Actors in a certain structural situation resort to such legitimizing values and are thereby confronted with value dilemmas. Sociology is not able to offer ideal states as expressed in conceptual promises of “solidarity” or “cohesion.” Rather, it has a rich knowledge of constellations with different levels of societization in the context of different value relations. This is of central importance for an understanding of the complex processes of integration and disintegration and the role of the social sciences in public discourses on problems of integration.
Neutronographic Residual Stress Analysis for Materials With Depth Gradients of the Strain Free Lattice Parameter $${{\varvec{d}}}_{0}$$ for the Example of a Case-Hardened Steel 20MnCr5
Authors: Pulvermacher S. , Šaroun J. , Cabeza S. , Pirling T. , Kornmeier J. Rebelo , Epp J. , Hofmann M. , Gibmeier J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the present work, ring-shaped samples made from steel 20MnCr5 were low-pressure carburized (LPC) and subsequently hardened by gas quenching (case-hardened). This results in a near-surface gradient in chemical composition, microstructure- and hardness distribution, as well as a three-dimensional residual stress (RS) distribution, which was investigated by neutron diffraction. Near-surface RSs in the ferrite-/martensite- and austenite phase are additionally determined by X-ray diffraction. It is shown that the chemical gradient has an influence on the chosen $${d}_{0}$$

d
0

strategy and how such a reference sample should be extracted. If near-surface RS values are to be determined by neutron diffraction, the pseudo-strain effect must be taken into account. For this purpose, a suitable approach using the “open source” software SIMRES and STRESSFIT is also presented. By combining neutron and X-ray diffraction data, a complete RS distribution over the whole sample can be obtained.
On Boolean elements and derivations in 2-dimension linguistic lattice implication algebras
Authors: Zhu Hua , Zhao Jian-bin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA 2-dimension linguistic lattice implication algebra (2DL-LIA) can build a bridge between logical algebra and 2-dimension fuzzy linguistic information. In this paper, the notion of a Boolean element is proposed in a 2DL-LIA and some properties of Boolean elements are discussed. Then derivations on 2DL-LIAs are introduced and the related properties of derivations are investigated. Moreover, it proves that the derivations on 2DL-LIAs can be constructed by Boolean elements.
Implication of cognitive-behavioral stress management on anxiety, depression, and quality of life in acute myocardial infarction patients after percutaneous coronary intervention: a multicenter, randomized, controlled study
Authors: Chen Biqun , Wen Juanling , You Deyi , Zhang Yu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective
Cognitive-behavioral stress management (CBSM) intervention enhances the psychological status and quality of life in patients with various diseases, such as cancer, human immunodeficiency virus infection, chronic fatigue syndrome, and multiple sclerosis. This multicenter, randomized, controlled study intended to explore the potential benefit of CBSM in ameliorating the anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QoL) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods
A total of 250 AMI patients who received PCI were randomly allocated to the CBSM (N = 125) and control care (CC) (N = 125) groups, and underwent weekly corresponding interventions for 12 weeks. The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D), and EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) scores were evaluated at baseline (M0), month (M)1, M3, and M6. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were recorded during follow-up.

Results
HADS-anxiety score at M1 (P = 0.036), M3 (P = 0.002), and M6 (P = 0.001), as well as anxiety rate at M6 (P = 0.026), was reduced in the CBSM group versus the CC group. HADS-depression score at M3 (P = 0.027) and M6 (P = 0.002), as well as depression rate at M6 (P = 0.013), was decreased in the CBSM group versus the CC group. EQ-5D score at M3 (P = 0.046) and M6 (P = 0.001) was reduced, while EQ-VAS score at M1 (P = 0.037), M3 (P = 0.010), and M6 (P = 0.003) was raised, in the CBSM group versus the CC group. However, accumulating MACE rate did not differ between the two groups (P = 0.360).

Conclusion
CBSM ameliorates anxiety, depression, and QoL but does not affect MACE in AMI patients after PCI.
Disparities in the Prevalence of Osteoporosis and Osteopenia in Men and Women Living in Sub-Saharan Africa, the UK, and the USA
Authors: Ward Kate A. , Pearse Camille M. , Madanhire Tafadzwa , Wade Alisha N. , Fabian June , Micklesfield Lisa K. , Gregson Celia L. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To review the rising prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in sub-Saharan Africa and the challenges this poses to governments and healthcare services. Using existing studies, we compare the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in men and women from sub-Saharan Africa to US and UK cohorts. Context-specific disparities in healthcare are discussed particularly the challenges in diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis.

Recent Findings
There are few epidemiological data describing the burden of osteoporosis in sub-Saharan Africa. In the studies and cohorts presented here, osteoporosis prevalence varies by sex, country and area of residence, but is generally higher in African populations, than has previously been appreciated. Risk factors contributing to poorer bone health include HIV, malnutrition and “inflammaging.”

Summary
Reprioritization towards care of ageing populations is urgently required. Equitable access to implementable preventative strategies, diagnostic services, treatments and pathways of care for bone health (for example embedded within HIV services) need now to be recognized and addressed by policy makers.
Fluoreszenzproteine messen intrazelluläre Sauerstoffkonzentrationen
Authors: Bauer Nadine , Kiefer Friedemann 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHypoxia is a hallmark of many pathologies including solid tumors. In basic research, analysis of hypoxia by light microscopy became feasible through development of genetically encoded reporters. However, the dependence of many fluorescent proteins on molecular oxygen for fluorescent maturation limits their use in hypoxic tissue. Overcoming this limitation, a family of hypoxia-sensors based on the oxygen-independent fluorescent protein UnaG was developed in the research group of Friedemann Kiefer.
Ein molekularer Schalter steuert die Salzstresstoleranz von Pflanzen
Authors: Rehms Felix , Eickelkamp Anna , Wallrad Lukas , Kudla Jörg 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSalt stress is toxic to plants and diminishes crop yield. High Na+ triggers Ca2+ signals with specific localization, intensity, and duration in a dose dependent manner. These signals are translated into enhanced Na+ exporter activity via the Salt-Overly-Sensitive (SOS) pathway, vacuolar Na+ sequestration, and enhanced formation of paracellular ion barriers. All of these mechanisms are crucial for facilitating plant tolerance to soil salinity.
Die dynamische Funktion intrinsisch ungeordneter Proteine
Authors: Milles Sigrid 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn contrast to folded proteins, intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) exert their functions in the absence of a stable three-dimensional structure. They are active in many important cellular mechanisms, for example cell signaling and transcriptional regulation and thus very important cellular players. Their dynamics make them extremely difficult to study, but recent advances in solution based structural biology techniques have increased the understanding of IDPs’ functions on a molecular level.