bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reading of Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy After Frame Reduction Using an Artificial Intelligence Algorithm
Authors: Oh Dong Jun , Hwang Youngbae , Kim Sang Hoon , Jung Min Kyu , Lim Yun Jeong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Poor visualization images during small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) reading can confuse interpretation of small bowel lesions and increase the physician’s workload. Using a validated artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm that can evaluate the mucosal visualization, we decided to determine whether the SBCE reading after removing poor visualization images could affect the diagnosis.
Methods
A study was conducted to analyze 90 SBCE cases in which small bowel examination was completed. Two experienced endoscopists performed the frame reduction reading after removing poor visualization images with the AI algorithm (AI user group) and the whole frame reading (AI non-user group). A poor visualization image was defined as image with mucosal visualization < 50%. Outcomes were diagnostic concordance and reading time between the two groups. SBCE diagnosis was classified into Crohn's disease, bleeding, polyp, angiodysplasia, and nonspecific finding.
Results
The final SBCE diagnosis between the two groups was significantly consistent (k = 0.954, p < 0.001). The mean number of lesion images was 3008.5 ± 9965.0 in the AI non-user group and 1401.7 ± 4811.4 in the AI user group. There were no cases in which lesions were totally removed. Compared to the AI non-user group (120.9 mins), reading time was reduced by 35.6% in the AI-user group (77.9 mins).
Conclusions
Reading of SBCE after reducing poor visualization frames with AI algorithm did not have a negative effect for final diagnosis. As a reading method integrated with automated lesion detection, frame reduction and mucosal visualization measurement will also be available for comprehensive AI-assisted SBCE interpretation.
CardiacField: Computational Echocardiography for Universal Screening
Authors: Ma Zhan , Shen Chengkang , Zhu Hao , Zhou You , Liu Yu , Yi Si , Dong Lili , Zhao Weipeng , Brady David , Cao Xun , Lin Yi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, the worldwide leading cause of death, are preventable and treatable. Early diagnosis and monitoring using ultrasound, x-ray or MRI are crucial clinical tools. Routine imaging is, however, currently cost prohibitive. Here we show that computational imaging enables a 3 order of magnitude reduction in the cost of tomographic echocardiography while also radically improving image quality and diagnostic utility. This advance relies on decompressive inference using artificial neural networks. Our system, CardiacField, generates 3D images of the heart from 2D echocardiograms using commodity clinical instruments. CardiacField automatically segments and quantifies the volume of the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) without manual calibration. CardiacField estimates the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) with 33% higher accuracy than state-of-the-art video-based methods, and the right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) with a similar accuracy, which is not available in existing 2DE methods. This technology will enable routine world-wide tomographic heart screening, such that patients will get instant feedback on lifestyle changes that improve heart health. CardiacField also illustrates the value of a conceptual shift in diagnostic imaging from direct physical model inversion to Bayesian inference. While clinicians tend to prefer linear inference algorithms for their conceptual simplicity, as discussed in this paper, neural inference will save lives.
Identification and verification of Hub Biomarkers and Immune-Related Pathways Participating in the Trabecular Meshwork after using Corticosteroid
Authors: Wang liwen , Song Di 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background The corticosteroids is associated with increased Intraocular pressure (IOP), especially in the way of topical application. However, there is no clear explanation for the cause and possible molecular mechanism. It was reported that immune cells may impact on matrix metalloproteinase pathway and IOP. This study aimed to identify the key biomarkers and immunological pathways involved in corticosteriod-induced changes in trabecular meshwork (TM).
Methods The Gene Expression Omnibus database was used to retrieve the expression profile for GSE124114 and GSE37474. Based on differential expression analysis (DEGs), hub markers for the possible molecular pathways in the TM following the use of corticosteroids were mined. The hub gene modules linked to higher IOP were found using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and the immune cells' presence of the TM was assessed using CIBERSORT. R (version 3.6.1) was used to carry out enrichment analysis on DEGs. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of DEGs were generated by the STRING database. An analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves was conducted with the combined datasets GSE6298 and GSE65240 to verify the expression of hub genes.
Results A total of 30 DEGs were recognized. Based on gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses, these DEGs were primarily involved in positive regulation of cytokine production and phenylalanine metabolism. Two hub modules were enriched on rheumatoid arthritis pathway and the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications The PPI network found the two most closely connected hub genes (TSC22D3 and FKBP5) among 24 overlapping hub genes. The most significant link shown by the immune infiltration data was Macrophages M0. TSC22D3 was strongly related with Macrophages M0 (R = 0.75, p = 0.018). ROC curve analysis demonstrated FKBP5 gene was important in TM treated with steroid hormone. FKBP5 gene was verified through the consolidated GSE6298, GSE65240 database.
Conclusions Two essential genes (TSC22D3 and FKBP5) contribute to the understanding of the molecular pathways behind corticosteroid-induced ocular hypertension. TSC22D3 was strongly related to macrophages, which was associated with the pathogenesis of TM. FKBP5 may serve as an unique diagnostic marker in plasma samples of individuals with elevated IOP.
Change of perspective through quality assurance measures on microplastic particle counts in surface waters of the Rhine River - Importance of LOD and LOQ
Authors: Jander Juri , Loritz Jonas , Beyer Birte , Stürmer Sophie , Schary Weronika , Monteleone Adrian , Dümichen Erik , Knoll Martin , Primpke Sebastian , Gerdts Gunnar , Fath Andreas 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The issues surrounding micro- and nanoplastics (MPs and NPs) are gaining importance as the knowledge about their distribution and impacts on the environment and human health grows. In order to gain a better understanding about the occurrence of those plastic particles and the pollution of different freshwater systems, the project, “Rheines Wasser” were conducted. This project investigated the entire 1,232.7 km-length of Europe’s Rhine River, which serves an important function for both transportation and water supply for several million people. Surface water samples of the river were filtered and the microplastic (MP) particles were detected by Fourier transform infrared microscopy. At several sample stations, different concentrations of MP-particles were found, ranging from 5 to 5326 particles/m3.
Effects of harvest intensity and shifting cultivation on soil carbon and nutrients: a case study in Sitapahar forest reserve, Bangladesh
Authors: Baul Tarit Kumar , Chowdhury Anwarul Islam , Uddin Md. Jamal , Hasan Mohammad Kamrul , Kilpeläinen Antti , Nandi Rajasree , Karmakar Shyamal , Akhter Jarin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background and aims: Changes in primary forests into agriculture and pasture significantly affect soil carbon (C) and nutrient stocks, but these effects are poorly understood in tropical forests. We i) compared concentrations and stocks of soil C and nutrients among intact, fragmented, and shifting cultivation sites in Sitapahar forest reserve of Bangladesh and ii) investigated whether there exist significant correlations between nutrient stocks with tree species diversity or soil C stock.
Methods: We sampled 30 main plots (20 m × 20 m), 10 in each of three sites, and identified and measured the trees in them. The determination of soil physical and chemical properties was done in 4 subplots (1 m × 1 m) in 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm depths.
Results: Soil C stock was 50% lower, but soil P stock was 26% higher under the shifting cultivation compared to the intact sites. Under the shifting cultivation, soil N and K stock was 57% and 27% higher, respectively, compared to the other two sites. Soil Mg stock in intact site was up to 155% higher compared to the other two sites. Soil C stock was positively correlated with N stock, but negatively correlated with the P stock in all sites. Tree species diversity was positively correlated with K stock, but negatively correlated to N stock in the shifting cultivation site.
Conclusion: Sustainable management of the sites should focus on the understanding of soil-plant interactions and protection of soil C, nutrients, and species diversity.
Biomimetic hypoxia-triggered RNAi nanomedicine for synergistically mediating chemo/radiotherapy of glioblastoma
Authors: Wang Zhen , Tang Xianglong , Zhao Mengjie , Zhang Yiding , Xiao Yong , Liu Yuyang , Qian Chunfa , Xie Yandong , Liu Yong , Zou Yuanjie , Yang Kun , Liu Hongyi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Although RNA interference (RNAi) therapy has emerged as a potential tool in cancer therapeutics, the application of RNAi to glioblastoma (GBM) remains a hurdle. Herein, to improve the therapeutic effect of RNAi on GBM, a cancer cell membrane (CCM)-disguised hypoxia-triggered RNAi nanomedicine was developed for short interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery to sensitize cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Our synthesized CCM-disguised RNAi nanomedicine showed prolonged blood circulation, high BBB transcytosis and specific accumulation in GBM sites via homotypic recognition. Disruption and effective anti-GBM agents were triggered in the hypoxic region, leading to efficient tumor suppression by using phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) silencing to enhance paclitaxel-induced chemotherapy and sensitize hypoxic GBM cells to ionizing radiation. In summary, a biomimetic intelligent RNAi nanomedicine has been developed for siRNA delivery to synergistically mediate a combined chemo/radiotherapy that presents immune-free and hypoxia-triggered properties with high survival rates for orthotopic GBM treatment.
Perceptions and practice of labor pain-relief methods and its perceived barriers among Obstetric Care Providers in Public Health Facilities of Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia: Mixed Study, 2021
Authors: Foto Lakew Lafebo , Zenebe Wagaye Alemu , Ali Yigrem , Geltore Teketel Ermias 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: It is obvious that most laboring mothers experience moderate-to-severe pain during child birth. In developing countries like Ethiopia, managing labor pain is regularly ignored. Health care professionals in Ethiopia recognize and agree that labor is painful. However, in practice, health care workers do not provide women with options for the management of pain during labor rather than support from families. The aim of this study was to Perceptions and practice of labor pain-relief methods and its perceived barriers among Obstetric Care Providers in Public Health Facilities of Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia: Mixed Study, 2021.
Materials Methods: Explanatory sequential design was employed. 421 obstetric care givers from 16 health facilities were enrolled by a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected by self-administered structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Quantitative data was entered into Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed by using SPSS version 25. Manual thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was done for quantitative data. A P-value of < 0.05 was used as the criterion for statistical significance.
Results: The overall obstetric pain management practice in Gedeo Zone is 37%. Multivariable logistic regression showed profession (AOR=4.35, 95% CI =1.25-15), work experience (AOR=0.19, 95% CI=0.046-0.83), attitude (AOR=3, 95% CI= 1.33-6.9), availability of medicines (AOR=2.17, 95% CI=1.39-3.39) and place of storage of the medicines (AOR=0.3, 95% CI=0.09-0.9) were statistically significant with obstetric pain management practice. According to the interviewees, knowledge gap, being free of charge of medicine, negligence, and shortage of resources were the reasons for the low magnitude of obstetric pain management practice.
Conclusion: The practice of obstetric pain management practice is very low at Gedeo Zone. Profession, work experience, and attitude of the professionals, availability, and place of storage of medicines are significantly associated factors that affect the practice of obstetric pain management practice for mothers during child birth.
OCR-MRD: Performance Analysis of Different Optical Character Recognition Engines for Medical Report Digitization
Authors: Batra Pulkit , Phalnikar Nimish , Kurmi Deepesh , Tembhurne Jitendra , Sahare Parul , Diwan Tausif 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the modern era, the necessity of digitization is increasing in a rapid manner day-to-day. The healthcare industries are working towards operating in a paperless environment. Digitizing the medical lab records help the patients in hassle-free management of their medical data. It may also prove beneficial for insurance companies for designing various medical insurance policies which can be patient-centric rather than being generalized. Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology is demonstrated its usefulness for such cases and thus, to know the best possible solution for digitizing the medical lab records, there is a need to perform an extensive comparative study on the different OCR techniques available for this purpose. It is observed that the current research is focused mainly on the pre-processing image techniques for OCR development, however, their effects on OCR performance specially for medical report digitization yet not been studied. Herein this work, three OCR Engines viz Tesseract, EasyOCR and DocTR, and 6 pre-processing techniques: image binarization, brightness transformations, gamma correction, sigmoid stretching, bilateral filtering and image sharpening are surveyed in detail. In addition, an extensive comparative study of the performance of the OCR Engines while applying the different combinations of the image pre-processing techniques, and their effect on the OCR accuracy is presented.
Trends in population-based incidence and mortality of acute superior mesenteric artery occlusion
Authors: Soltanzadeh-Naderi Yasmin , Acosta Stefan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Acute occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) results in lethal intestinal ischaemia. Results from two previous population-based studies in Malmö, Sweden, suggest a decreasing incidence of acute SMA occlusion. The study aim was to evaluate trends of the epidemiology of acute SMA occlusion in Malmö. The report was a retrospective population-based study during 2014–2019 on patients with acute SMA occlusion residing in Malmö municipality. Patients were retrieved from Skåne University Hospital and post-mortem examinations. Epidemiological data was compared to the 2000–2006 study. Sixteen patients with acute SMA occlusion resided in Malmö municipality. The incidence of acute SMA occlusion significantly decreased from 5.4/100,000 person-years to 0.8/100,000 person-years. The ratio of acute SMA occlusion to non-occlusive mesenteric ischaemia (NOMI) decreased from 12.5:1 to 0.9:1 (p < 0.0001), the proportion of inhabitants aged 80 or above in the population decreased from 6.0–4.3% (p < 0.0001), and the autopsy rates decreased from 25–14% (p < 0.0001). In-hospital mortality decreased from 63–44% (p = 0.14). The incidence of acute SMA occlusion significantly decreased in Malmö probably due to high-resolution computed tomography angiographies around-the-clock distinguishing acute SMA occlusion from NOMI, lowered share of elderlies, improved medical risk factor control, and lowered autopsy rate.
The Flare-OA-16 questionnaire measuring flare in knee and hip osteoarthritis in the patient perspective: scale reduction and validation using a Rasch model
Authors: Queiroga Fabiana , Epstein Jonathan , Erpelding Marie-Line , Spitz Elisabeth , Maillefert Jean-Francis , Fautrel Bruno , Callahan Leigh F , Hunter David J. , Guillemin Francis 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background

The recent Flare-OA questionnaire measuring flare in knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) (19 items in 5 dimensions, numerical rating scale) showed good psychometric properties along with classical test theory. This study aimed to determine its scaling properties by Rasch analysis and to present evidence for a refined scalable version.

Methods

The participants were 398 subjects with mean age 64 years (SD = 8.1), 70.4% women, recruited from Australia, France, and the United States, with clinically and radiologically symptomatic knee or hip OA, who completed an online survey. The sample was split into derivation and validation subsamples, stratified by country and joint. Rasch analysis examined differential item functioning (DIF) for sex, age, country and joint. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and a convergent validity were performed to document the psychometric properties of the short version.

Results

To fit the Rasch model, we reordered thresholds of answering modalities when necessary. Two items were removed. A local dependency between 2 items was solved by combining items modalities into a super-item. A uniform DIF (expected and non-removed) was identified for one item that was split by joint, and a non-uniform DIF for one item for age and country (removed in this case). The person-item threshold distribution showed a well focused scale; the CFA and convergent validity showed good fit indicators for the short version.

Conclusions

The Rasch analysis was helpful in guiding the decision to refine the measurement instrument. After analysis, the Flare-OA-16 questionnaire self-report questionnaire is available for use in clinical research.
The relationship between hematological parameters and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants
Authors: Jiang Junsheng , Zhou Qian , Wu Jiabo , Mao Yueyan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
AIM
To evaluate the association between hematological parameters on the first day and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants and to help with early warning, identification, and intervention in the development of BPD.
METHODS
This is a retrospective study of all premature infants admitted to neonatal intensive care From January 2017 to June 2022, BPD was diagnosed as hypoxia exposure over 28 days, and levels of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio༈PLR༉, Platelet count༈PLT༉, Mean platelet volume༈MPV༉and Platelet mass index༈PMI༉ were determined in all groups. Multivariate analysis was conducted to evaluate the independence of the association between the hematological parameters on the first day and the risk of BPD.
RESULTS
In our research 76 cases of non-BPD and 48 cases of BPD were used as controls. Compared with the non-BPD group, NLR levels were considerably higher in the BPD group, nevertheless, PLT and MPI were lower than those of non-BPD. Logistic regression analysis suggested that NLR、PLT and PMI were independent risk factors for BPD(OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.04–1.28; P < 0.05; OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.47–0.89; P < 0.05; OR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.81-1; P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that hematologic parameters on the first day are different who will develop BPD. A higher NLR and a lower PLT, PMI on the first day may increase the risk of BPD.
Risk Factors for Lymph Node Skip Metastasis in Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Han Huijun , Ruan Ying , Liu Renbin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjective To perform a risk analysis for lymph node skip metastasis in thyroid papillary carcinoma and provide references for prognostic predictions and treatment decisions. Methods All surgical papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cases with lateral lymph node metastasis at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat-Sen University were reviewed from July 1st, 2014, to July 1st, 2020. Patients were divided into two groups based on central lymph node metastasis. Analyzed factors included clinical and pathological characteristics. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to detect lateral lymph node skip metastasis risk factors. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that older age(>46.5 years, P = 0.001, OR = 1.064), tumor size less than 10mm༈mean ± SD ≤ 10mm/>10mm, P = 0.001, OR = 8.983), and BRAF gene mutations (P = 0.035, OR = 6.484) were associated with skip lymph node metastasis. However, skip metastasis was not associated with tumor location, multiplicity, bi-laterality, vascular invasion, lymphatic invasion, perineural invasion, or autoimmune thyroid disease. Conclusion Lateral lymph node detection should be given attention for all patients with PTC, especially for cases in older patients, tumor size smaller than 10mm, extrathyroidal extension, and BRAF gene mutations.
Enhancement of laser cut edge quality of ultra-thin titanium grade 2 sheets by applying in-process approach using modulated Yb:YAG continuous wave fibre laser
Authors: Burger Moritz , Bartsch Alexander , Grad Marius , Esper Lukas , Schultheiß Ulrich , Noster Ulf , Schratzenstaller Thomas 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Titanium is used in many areas due to its excellent mechanical, biological and corrosion-resistant properties. Implants often have thin and filigree structures, providing an ideal application for laser fine cutting. In literature, the main focus is primarily on investigating and optimizing the parameters for titanium sheet thicknesses greater than 1 mm. Hence, in this study, the basic manufacturing parameters of laser power, cutting speed and laser pulsing of a 200 W modulated fibre laser are investigated for 0.15 mm thick titanium grade 2 sheets. A reproducible, continuous cut could be achieved using 90 W laser-power and 2 \(\frac{\text{m}\text{m}}{\text{s}}\) cutting-speed. Pulse pause variations between 85–335 µs in 50 µs steps and fixed pulse duration of 50 µs show that a minimum kerf width of 23.4 µm, as well as a minimum cut edge roughness Rz of 3.59 µm, is achieved at the lowest pulse pause. An increase in roughness towards the laser exit side, independent of the laser pulse pause, was found and discussed. The results provide initial process parameters for cutting thin titanium sheets and thus provide the basis for further investigations, such as the influence of cutting gas pressure and composition on the cut edge.