bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LeMMINGs. VI. Connecting nuclear activity to bulge properties of active and inactive galaxies: radio scaling relations and galaxy environment
Authors: Dullo B T , Knapen J H , Beswick R J , Baldi R D , Williams D R A , McHardy I M , Green D A , Gil de Paz A , Aalto S , Alberdi A , Argo M K , Klöckner H-R , Mutie I M , Saikia D J , Saikia P , Stevens I R 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Multiwavelength studies indicate that nuclear activity and bulge properties are closely related, but the details remain unclear. To study this further, we combine Hubble Space Telescope bulge structural and photometric properties with 1.5 GHz, e-MERLIN nuclear radio continuum data from the LeMMINGs survey for a large sample of 173 ‘active’ galaxies (LINERs and Seyferts) and ‘inactive’ galaxies (H iis and absorption line galaxies, ALGs). Dividing our sample into active and inactive, they define distinct (radio core luminosity)–(bulge mass), $L_{\rm R,core}-M_{*, \rm bulge}$ , relations, with a mass turnover at $M_{*, \rm bulge}\sim 10^{9.8 \pm 0.3} \rm { M_{\odot }}$ (supermassive blackhole mass $M_{\rm BH} \sim 10^{6.8 \pm 0.3} \rm M_{\odot }$ ), which marks the transition from AGN-dominated nuclear radio emission in more massive bulges to that mainly driven by stellar processes in low-mass bulges. None of our 10/173 bulge-less galaxies host an AGN. The AGN fraction increases with increasing $M_{*,\rm bulge}$ such that $f_{\rm optical\_AGN}\propto M_{*,\rm bulge}^{0.24 \pm 0.06}$ and $f_{\rm radio\_AGN}\propto M_{*,\rm bulge}^{0.24 \pm 0.05}$ . Between $M_{*,\rm bulge}\sim 10^{8.5}$ and $10^{11.3} \rm M_{\odot }$ , $f_{\rm optical\_AGN}$ steadily rises from 15 ± 4 to 80 ± 5 per cent. We find that at fixed bulge mass, the radio loudness, nuclear radio activity, and the (optical and radio) AGN fraction exhibit no dependence on environment. Radio-loud hosts preferentially possess an early-type morphology than radio-quiet hosts, the two types are however indistinguishable in terms of bulge Sérsic index and ellipticity, while results on the bulge inner logarithmic profile slope are inconclusive. We finally discuss the importance of bulge mass in determining the AGN triggering processes, including potential implications for the nuclear radio emission in nearby galaxies.
A photodissociation region (PDR) model grid in planetary nebula paradigm: dependency of C and O fine structure line emission and PDR thermal structure on central star radiation and nebular dust composition
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Rahul , Das Ramkrishna 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We compute a grid of photodissociation region (PDR) models. The varying parameters of the grid include effective temperature (Teff) and luminosity (L) of the radiation source, density (nH) of the nebula, PDR depth from the nebular ionization front (ΔrPDR), and densities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules and amorphous carbon (AC) dust. The paradigm, including the range of the parameters used to calculate the models, corresponds to planetary nebulae (PNe). We study the heating and cooling rates, and the variation of gas kinetic temperature (TK) along the PDR depth. We evaluate fluxes of fine structure lines: [O i] 63 $\mu$m, [C ii] 158 $\mu$m, and [C i] 609 $\mu$m and flux ratios: [O i] 146/63 $\mu$m, [O i] 63/[C ii] 158 $\mu$m, and [C i] 609/370 $\mu$m, and study their variation in the parameter space: Teff, L, and nH, for different composition of PAH and AC. We further study the distribution of [O i] 146/63 $\mu$m and [O i] 63/[C ii] 158 $\mu$m ratios in the parameter spaces of nH, ΔrPDR, Teff, and L. We take the observed [O i] 146/63 $\mu$m and [O i] 63/[C ii] 158 $\mu$m ratios for a number of PNe, and compare with these ratios obtained from our models. We verify that the correlation found between the [O i] 146/63 $\mu$m and [O i] 63/[C ii] 158 $\mu$m ratios observed in real PNe is similar to that found from our PN model grid.
Evolution of the UV LF from z ∼ 15 to z ∼ 8 using new JWST NIRCam medium-band observations over the HUDF/XDF
Authors: Bouwens Rychard J , Stefanon Mauro , Brammer Gabriel , Oesch Pascal A , Herard-Demanche Thomas , Illingworth Garth D , Matthee Jorryt , Naidu Rohan P , van Dokkum Pieter G , van Leeuwen Ivana F 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the first constraints on the prevalence of z &gt; 10 galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) leveraging new NIRCam observations from JEMS (JWST Extragalactic Medium-band Survey). These NIRCam observations probe redward of 1.6 μm, beyond the wavelength limit of HST, allowing us to search for galaxies to z &gt; 10. These observations indicate that the highest redshift candidate identified in the HUDF09 data with HST, UDFj-39546284, has a redshift of z &gt; 11.5, as had been suggested in analyses of the HUDF12/XDF data. This has now been confirmed with JWST NIRSpec. This source is thus the most distant galaxy discovered by HST in its &gt;30 yr of operation. Additionally, we identify nine other z ∼ 8–13 candidate galaxies over the HUDF, two of which are new discoveries that appear to lie at z ∼ 11–12. We use these results to characterize the evolution of the UV luminosity function (LF) from z ∼ 15 to z ∼ 8.7. While our LF results at z ∼ 8.7 and z ∼ 10.5 are consistent with previous findings over the HUDF, our new LF estimates at z ∼ 12.6 are higher than other results in the literature, potentially pointing to a milder evolution in the UV luminosity density from z ∼ 12.6. We emphasize that our LF results are uncertain given the small number of z ∼ 12.6 sources and limited volume probed. The new NIRCam data also indicate that the faint z ∼ 8–13 galaxies in the HUDF/XDF show blue UV-continuum slopes β ∼ −2.7, high specific star formation rates ∼24.5 Gyr−1, and high EW (∼1300 Å) [O iii] + H β emission, with two z ∼ 8.5 sources showing [O iii] + H β EWs of ∼2300 Å.
Light and period variations in the supersoft X-ray source QR And (= RX J0019.8 + 2156)
Authors: Zang Lei , Qian Shengbang , Fernández-Lajús Eduardo 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
QR And is the optically brightest supersoft X-ray source, where a massive white dwarf in a close binary accretes material from its companion star via an accretion disc. Based on the photometric observations from the TESS space telescope and the AAVSO data base, 91 eclipse timings were determined. Variations such as flaring activities, depth and profile changes in the primary and the secondary minima, and some short-term irregular fluctuations are found in the TESS light curves, which are interpreted as the activities of the accretion disc and fluctuations of the mass transfer rate. By collecting all available eclipse timings together with those newly determined, we constructed the O-C diagram and analysed the changes in the orbital period. It is discovered that the orbital period is continuously increasing at a rate of $\dot{P}= +3.7(1)\times 10^{-7} d \cdot yr^{-1}= +0.0320(8)s \cdot yr^{-1}$. The continuous increase in the orbital period is mainly caused by the mass transfer from the low-mass companion to the white dwarf on its Kelvin–Helmholtz time-scale, while wind mass loss from the accretion disc may also contribute to the period variation. In this scenario, the mass transfer rate of QR And is estimated to be in the range of about 1.2 × 10−7 to 4.2 × 10−7M⊙ × yr−1 and the mass-accretion rate is less than 1.6 × 10−7M⊙ × yr−1. It can be roughly estimated that QR And may reach to the Chandrasekhar limit in at least 1.5 million yr, then might explode as a type Ia supernova.
Influence of turbulence on Ly α scattering
Authors: Munirov Vadim R , Kaurov Alexander A 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We develop a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code to study the effect of turbulence with a finite correlation length on scattering of Ly α photons propagating through neutral atomic hydrogen gas. We investigate how the effective mean free path, the emergent spectrum, and the average number of scatterings that Ly α photons experience change in the presence of turbulence. We find that the correlation length is an important and sensitive parameter that has an influence on physically relevant properties of Ly α radiative transfer. In particular, it can significantly, by orders of magnitude, reduce the number of scattering events that the average Ly α photon undergoes before it escapes the turbulent cloud.
Emerging planetary nebulae within 3D spiral patterns
Authors: Lora V , Toalá J A , González-Carbajal J I , Guerrero M A , Esquivel A , Ramos-Larios G 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the first 3D radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of the formation of planetary nebulae (PNe) emerging from 3D spiral patterns. We use the guacho code to create 3D spiral structures as a consequence of the distortions on the geometry of the intrinsically isotropic wind of an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star produced by a companion star in a circular orbit. We found that the orbital period of the binary producing the 3D spiral pattern has consequences on the formation and shaping of the PN itself. Stellar systems with longer period create less entwined 3D spirals, producing PNe with rounder inner cavities, and prevent the expansion of jet towards the polar directions. The spiral fitting procedure used in the literature to predict the binary’s orbital period may be misleading in the case of proto-PNe and PNe as spiral patterns are diluted by their own thermal expansion down to the average AGB density profile within a few hundred years and are further disrupted by the action of jets. By adopting a phase of jet ejections between the AGB and post-AGB stages, we are able to recover the morphologies of proto-PNe and PNe that exhibit ring-like structures in their haloes.
Visible and infrared spectra of the solids α- and β-O2 at 9–30 K
Authors: Lo Jen-Iu , Lu Hsiao-Chi , Hung Wei-Hsiu , Ogilvie J F , Cheng Bing-Ming 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
To establish the spectroscopy of the solids α- and β-oxygen, we measured the thermal ramping spectra of the solid O2 in visible and near-infrared (near-IR) wavelength range 450–1020 nm and mid-infrared (mid-IR) range 500–5000 cm−1 (2–20 μm) at temperature 9–30 K. Besides the solids α- and β-oxygen, the imperfect structure of O2 ice might co-exist at low temperature. In mid-IR spectra, a triplet was observed at 1545.7, 1548.1, and 1549.6 cm−1 associated to the imperfect crystallinity of solid O2; the triplet existed below 27 K, but not at 30 K and on re-cooling to 9 K. The spectra measured at re-cooled 9 and 30 K are evidently responsible only for the solids α- and β-O2, respectively; overall, the spectra of the solids α- and β-O2 appear similar in the visible region, but those differ significantly from the spectrum of the solid O2 contaminated with imperfect structure. For solid α-O2, IR lines were recorded at 1591 and 1617 cm−1, which exhibited a reversible behaviour through the α-β phase transition temperature at 24 K. The visible spectrum of the separate solid α-O2 was obtained for the first time.
Distinguishing a planetary transit from false positives: a Transformer-based classification for planetary transit signals
Authors: Salinas Helem , Pichara Karim , Brahm Rafael , Pérez-Galarce Francisco , Mery Domingo 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Current space-based missions, such as the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), provide a large database of light curves that must be analysed efficiently and systematically. In recent years, deep learning (DL) methods, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNN), have been used to classify transit signals of candidate exoplanets automatically. However, CNNs have some drawbacks; for example, they require many layers to capture dependencies on sequential data, such as light curves, making the network so large that it eventually becomes impractical. The self-attention mechanism is a DL technique that attempts to mimic the action of selectively focusing on some relevant things while ignoring others. Models, such as the Transformer architecture, were recently proposed for sequential data with successful results. Based on these successful models, we present a new architecture for the automatic classification of transit signals. Our proposed architecture is designed to capture the most significant features of a transit signal and stellar parameters through the self-attention mechanism. In addition to model prediction, we take advantage of attention map inspection, obtaining a more interpretable DL approach. Thus, we can identify the relevance of each element to differentiate a transit signal from false positives, simplifying the manual examination of candidates. We show that our architecture achieves competitive results concerning the CNNs applied for recognizing exoplanetary transit signals in data from the TESS telescope. Based on these results, we demonstrate that applying this state-of-the-art DL model to light curves can be a powerful technique for transit signal detection while offering a level of interpretability.
Statistical implications of the n = 1 observation of 1I/‘Oumuamua
Authors: Flekkøy Eirik Grude , Toussaint Renaud 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We obtain the exact statistical distribution of expected detection rates that may be obtained from the detection of ‘Oumuamua, which currently belongs to a class of objects that is only observed once in our Solar system. The derivation of the distribution of future detection rates starts from the assumption that the detection is a result of a Poisson process, and uses Bayes theorem along with information theory to get the result. We derive the probability for the next such observation along with the confidence limits of this prediction assuming that observations are done with the forthcoming Vera C. Rubin Observatory. This probability depends on the estimates of detection rates that existed prior to the ‘Oumuamua observation. However, unless the constraints given by these model-based estimates are within an order of magnitude of the actual detection rate, they have a negligible effect on the probability of making a second observation. The results are generalized to the expected future case where more than one observation exists.
Current approaches in enhancing TRAIL therapies in glioblastoma
Authors: Thang Morrent , Mellows Clara , Mercer-Smith Alison , Nguyen Phuong , Hingtgen Shawn 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent, aggressive, primary brain cancer in adults and continues to pose major medical challenges due in part to its high rate of recurrence. Extensive research is underway to discover new therapies that target GBM cells and prevent the inevitable recurrence in patients. The pro-apoptotic protein tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has attracted attention as an ideal anticancer agent due to its ability to selectively kill cancer cells with minimal toxicity in normal cells. Although initial clinical evaluations of TRAIL therapies in several cancers were promising, later stages of clinical trial results indicated that TRAIL and TRAIL-based therapies failed to demonstrate robust efficacies due to poor pharmacokinetics, resulting in insufficient concentrations of TRAIL at the therapeutic site. However, recent studies have developed novel ways to prolong TRAIL bioavailability at the tumor site and efficiently deliver TRAIL and TRAIL-based therapies using cellular and nanoparticle vehicles as drug loading cargos. Additionally, novel techniques have been developed to address monotherapy resistance, including modulating biomarkers associated with TRAIL resistance in GBM cells. This review highlights the promising work to overcome the challenges of TRAIL-based therapies with the aim to facilitate improved TRAIL efficacy against GBM.
Sub-nanotesla sensitivity at the nanoscale with a single spin
Authors: Zhao Zhiyuan , Ye Xiangyu , Xu Shaoyi , Yu Pei , Yang Zhiping , Kong Xi , Wang Ya , Xie Tianyu , Shi Fazhan , Du Jiangfeng 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
High-sensitivity detection of the microscopic magnetic field is essential in many fields. Good sensitivity and high spatial resolution are mutually contradictory in measurement, which is quantified by the energy resolution limit. Here we report that a sensitivity of 0.5 nT/$\sqrt{\rm Hz}$ at the nanoscale is achieved experimentally by using nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond with depths of tens of nanometers. The achieved sensitivity is substantially enhanced by integrating with multiple quantum techniques, including real-time-feedback initialization, dynamical decoupling with shaped pulses and repetitive readout via quantum logic. Our magnetic sensors will shed new light on searching new physics beyond the standard model, investigating microscopic magnetic phenomena in condensed matters, and detection of life activities at the sub-cellular scale.
“To Be Honest, You Probably Would Have to Read It 50 Times”: Stakeholders Views on Using the Opt-Out Approach for Vaccination in Jails
Authors: Lodolo Laura , Smyth Emma , Ngassa Yvane , Pickard Bridget , LeClair Amy M , Beckwith Curt G , Wurcel Alysse 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Despite national guidelines on infectious disease testing and vaccination in prisons, there is heterogeneity on the implementation of these practices in jails. We sought to better understand perspectives on the implementation of opt-out vaccination for infectious diseases in jails by interviewing a broad group of stakeholders involved in infectious diseases vaccination, testing, and treatment in Massachusetts jails.

Methods
The research team conducted semistructured interviews with people incarcerated in Hampden County Jail (Ludlow, Massachusetts), clinicians working in jail and community settings, corrections administrators, and representatives from public health, government, and industry between July 2021 and March 2022.

Results
Forty-eight people were interviewed, including 13 people incarcerated at the time of interview. Themes that emerged included the following: misunderstandings of what opt-out means, indifference to the way vaccines are offered, belief that using the opt-out approach will increase the number of individuals who receive vaccination, and that opt-out provides an easy way for vaccine rejection and reluctance to accept vaccination.

Conclusions
There was a clear divide in stakeholders’ support of the opt-out approach, which was more universally supported by those who work outside of jails compared to those who work within or are incarcerated in jails. Compiling the perspectives of stakeholders inside and outside of jail settings on the opt-out approach to vaccination is the first step to develop feasible and effective strategies for implementing new health policies in jail settings.
Factors Associated With the Development of Bacterial Pneumonia Related to Seasonal Influenza Virus Infection: A Study Using a Large-scale Health Insurance Claim Database
Authors: Shirata Masahiro , Ito Isao , Jo Taisuke , Iwao Tomohide , Oi Issei , Hamao Nobuyoshi , Nishioka Kensuke , Yamana Hayato , Nagase Takahide , Yasunaga Hideo , Hirai Toyohiro 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Influenza-related bacterial pneumonia is a leading complication of influenza infection. However, the differences in the incidence rates and risk factors associated with concomitant viral/bacterial pneumonia (CP) and secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza (SP) remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify the incidence rates of CP and SP following seasonal influenza and identify factors associated with their development.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study was conducted using the JMDC Claims Database, a health insurance claims database in Japan. All patients aged &lt;75 years who developed influenza during 2 consecutive epidemic seasons, 2017/2018 and 2018/2019, were analyzed. CP was defined as bacterial pneumonia diagnosed between 3 days before and 6 days after the date of influenza diagnosis, and SP was defined as pneumonia diagnosed 7–30 days after the date of diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the development of CP and SP.

Results
Among the 10 473 014 individuals registered in the database, 1 341 355 patients with influenza were analyzed. The average age at diagnosis (SD) was 26.6 (18.6) years. There were 2901 (0.22%) and 1262 (0.09%) patients who developed CP and SP, respectively. Age 65–74 years, asthma, chronic bronchitis/emphysema, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, malignant tumor, and immunosuppression were significant risk factors for both CP and SP, whereas cerebrovascular disease, neurological disease, liver disease, and diabetes were risk factors specific to CP development.

Conclusions
The results determined the incidence rates of CP and SP and identified their risk factors, such as older age and comorbidities.
Late diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis: a case report
Authors: Domínguez-Valdez Luis F , Hernández-Utrera Jaime E , Chávez-Sánchez Iliana N , Peralta-Amaro Ana L , Talin-Bosquez Melina J , García-Pedraza Luis A , Hernández-Jiménez Carlos A , Delgado-Carmona Diana K , Gracia-Ramos Abraham E 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by the formation of hamartomas in organ systems such as the brain, skin, kidneys and lungs. Patients with TSC are usually diagnosed early in life. However, in some cases, the diagnosis is delayed until adulthood because various manifestations occur at various times throughout an individual’s life. In this regard, we present the case of a female patient diagnosed at the beginning of the seventh decade of life. The patient had a history of seizures and showed clinical findings on the skin (facial angiofibromas, ungual fibromas, ‘Confetti-like’ skin lesions, shagreen patch), brain (cortical tubers), heart (cardiac rhabdomyomas), kidneys (angiomyolipomas) and a positive genetic test for mutations in TSC2, fulfilling the diagnostic criteria. We compared the differences between manifestations in patients diagnosed during childhood and adulthood. Knowledge of the clinical spectrum of TSC allows early identification.
Management of acute pulmonary embolism with sequential hybrid therapy of surgical thrombectomy and rivaroxaban intensive therapy: a case report
Authors: Migita Shohei , Murata Nobuhiro , Fukamachi Daisuke , Fukumoto Katsunori , Arai Riku , Uchiyama Hiroe , Tago Kenichiro , Okada Masahiro , Tanaka Masashi , Okumura Yasuo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is often associated with rapid hemodynamic deterioration or death. Therefore, early therapeutic intervention is important. A 45-year-old man was diagnosed with intermediate-high risk PE, and sequential hybrid therapy consisting of surgical thrombectomy and rivaroxaban intensive therapy was administered. During the course of treatment, echocardiography revealed improvement in pulmonary artery systolic pressure, and thrombus volume analysis by computed tomography revealed a drastic reduction in the size of the thrombus. Sequential hybrid therapy for acute PE not only stabilizes hemodynamics, but may also prevent conversion to chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension by sufficiently reducing the volume of the thrombus.