bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inelastic mechanical behaviour of an additively manufactured titanium alloy: a statistical continuum mechanics theory perspective
Authors: Mahdavi Mostafa , Alaghmandfard Reza , Odeshi Akindele , Mohammadi Mohsen , Liang Steven , Garmestani Hamid 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Statistical continuum mechanics theory was used to simulate the inelastic stress of polycrystalline materials using two-point statistics. For the experimental part, the Electron beam melting (EBM) technique (Arcam EBM Q10 additive machine) was used to fabricate cylindrical rods of Ti-6Al-4V both in horizontal and vertical directions. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique was employed to achieve statistically reliable orientation maps of vertically and horizontally printed samples. In this study, high strain rate compression tests at six different strain rates were performed, and the stress–strain curves were generated. This work is amongst the first attempts to model the microstructure of additively manufactured hexagonal alloys under compressive loadings using the statistical continuum mechanics theory. The model is capable of simulating reasonably large microstructures (statistically representative) with a practical computational cost and accuracy, unlike numerical models that require a high computational cost. It should be noted that in additive manufacturing, due to large grains and high anisotropy, microstructures used in the simulations should be large enough to include sufficient information from the material’s structure. Therefore, using finite element models would be very challenging here. On the other hand, the statistical continuum mechanics theory uses the statistical representation of the material’s characteristics for solving the governing equations with Green’s function that enables this methodology to use more microstructure characteristic information without having a noticeable change to the computational cost. The proposed model in this study uses different microstructure characteristics such as crystal grain orientation, total slip systems, active slip systems, gain morphology, and chemical phases that are obtained from EBSD images for simulating the inelastic mechanical behavior of polycrystalline materials. Although this model simulates polycrystalline materials by considering various crystal and grain information, unlike numerical methods, it doesn’t simulate the grain interactions well and we cannot study local deformation and crack nucleation sites. This model works very well for simulating the overall behavior of material instead of each individual grain and failure analysis. This model has shown a good combination of computational cost and accuracy in which the error between the simulated and experimental strength for vertical and horizontal samples was 6.21% and 8.07%, respectively.
Modulating poisson’s ratio in flexible honeycombs by density and architecture gradations
Authors: Uddin Kazi Zahir , Anni Ibnaj Anamika , Youssef George , Koohbor Behrad 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Zero Poisson’s ratio structures are a new class of mechanical metamaterials wherein the absence of lateral deformations allows the structure to adapt and conform their geometries to desired shapes with minimal interventions. These structures have gained attention in large deformation applications where shape control is a key performance attribute, with examples including but not limited to shape morphing, soft robotics, and flexible electronics. The present study introduces an experimentally driven approach that leads to the design and development of (near) zero Poisson’s ratio structures with considerable load-bearing capacities through concurrent density and architecture gradations in hybrid honeycombs created from hexagonal and re-entrant cells. The strain-dependent Poisson’s ratios in hexagonal and re-entrant honeycombs with various cell wall thicknesses have been characterized experimentally. A mathematical approach is then proposed and utilized to create hybrid structures wherein the spatial distribution of different cell shapes and densities leads to the development of honeycombs with minimal lateral deformations under compressive strains as high as 0.7. Although not considered design criteria, the load-bearing and energy absorption capacities of the hybrid structures are shown to be comparable with those of uniform cell counterparts. Finally, the new hybrid structures indicate lesser degrees of instability (in the form of cell buckling and collapse) due to the self-constraining effects imposed internally by the adjacent cell rows in the structures.
Altered dynamic network interactions in children with ASD during face recognition revealed by time-varying EEG networks
Authors: Chen Baodan , Jiang Lin , Lu Guoqing , Li Yuqin , Zhang Shu , Huang Xunan , Xu Peng , Li Fali , Yao Dezhong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Although the electrophysiological event-related potential in face processing (e.g. N170) is widely accepted as a face-sensitivity biomarker that is deficient in children with autism spectrum disorders, the time-varying brain networks during face recognition are still awaiting further investigation. To explore the social deficits in autism spectrum disorder, especially the time-varying brain networks during face recognition, the current study analyzed the N170, cortical activity, and time-varying networks under 3 tasks (face-upright, face-inverted, and house-upright) in autism spectrum disorder and typically developing children. The results revealed a smaller N170 amplitude in autism spectrum disorder compared with typically developing, along with decreased cortical activity mainly in occipitotemporal areas. Concerning the time-varying networks, the atypically stronger information flow and brain network connections across frontal, parietal, and temporal regions in autism spectrum disorder were reported, which reveals greater effort was exerted by autism spectrum disorder to obtain comparable performance to the typically developing children, although the amplitude of N170 was still smaller than that of the typically developing children. Different brain activation states and interaction patterns of brain regions during face processing were discovered between autism spectrum disorder and typically developing. These findings shed light on the face-processing mechanisms in children with autism spectrum disorder and provide new insight for understanding the social dysfunction of autism spectrum disorder.
The association of microbial infection and adaptive immune cell activation in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Clement Mathew 
Published: September 2023

SummaryAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. Early symptoms include the loss of memory and mild cognitive ability; however, as the disease progresses, these symptoms can present with increased severity manifesting as mood and behaviour changes, disorientation, and a loss of motor/body control. AD is one of the leading causes of death in the UK, and with an ever-increasing ageing society, patient numbers are predicted to rise posing a significant global health emergency. AD is a complex neurophysiological disorder where pathology is characterized by the deposition and aggregation of misfolded amyloid-beta (Aβ)-protein that in-turn promotes excessive tau-protein production which together drives neuronal cell dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. It is widely accepted that AD is driven by a combination of both genetic and immunological processes with recent data suggesting that adaptive immune cell activity within the parenchyma occurs throughout disease. The mechanisms behind these observations remain unclear but suggest that manipulating the adaptive immune response during AD may be an effective therapeutic strategy. Using immunotherapy for AD treatment is not a new concept as the only two approved treatments for AD use antibody-based approaches to target Aβ. However, these have been shown to only temporarily ease symptoms or slow progression highlighting the urgent need for newer treatments. This review discusses the role of the adaptive immune system during AD, how microbial infections may be contributing to inflammatory immune activity and suggests how adaptive immune processes can pose as therapeutic targets for this devastating disease.
Mitochondrial YBX1 promotes cancer cell metastasis by inhibiting pyruvate uptake
Authors: Chen Huan , Ling Ting , Chen Di , Liu Wenjuan , Qi Huan , Xia Tian , Liu Xiaolong , Wang Wen , Guo Xin , Otkur Wuxiyar , Wang Fangjun , Xu Zhaochao , Martinou Jean-Claude , Piao Hai-long 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Pyruvate is an essential fuel for maintaining the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in the mitochondria. However, the precise mole­cular mechanism of pyruvate uptake by mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) is largely unknown. Here, we report that the DNA/RNA-binding protein Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) is localized to the mitochondrial inter-membrane space by its C-terminal domain (CTD) in cancer cells. In mitochondria, YBX1 inhibits pyruvate uptake by associating with MPC1/2, thereby suppressing pyruvate-dependent TCA cycle flux. This association, in turn, promotes MPC-mediated glutaminolysis and histone lactylation. Our findings reveal that the YBX1-MPC axis exhibits a positive correlation with metastatic potential, while does not affect cell proliferation in both cultured cells and tumor xenografts. Therefore, the restricted pyruvate uptake into mitochondria potentially represents a hallmark of metastatic capacity, suggesting that the YBX1-MPC axis is a therapeutic target for combating cancer metastasis.
Genetic cancer risk assessment for PA practice
Authors: Lord Katharine F. , King Elisabeth M. , Smith Edith C. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The roles of cancer genetics and risk assessment as areas of medicine are rapidly evolving. Genetic cancer risk assessment (GCRA) has begun to penetrate patient care for providers in all specialties and areas of expertise. To provide comprehensive patient care and thorough risk evaluation, physician associates/assistants (PAs) should have a fundamental understanding of the role of GCRA as it pertains to their patients' overall health and medical management. This article highlights the importance of GCRA services, outlines resources for PAs to gain proficiency in GCRA, and provides a walkthrough of GCRA practice development and maintenance.
How Entering Students View Nursing as a Profession After COVID-19: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Binford Leslie , Butler Kristen , Meyer Cindy , Rice Mary Eve , Wilson Debra Rose 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected the nursing profession. Nurses were called heroes during the pandemic, yet nursing is now suffering a staffing crisis. This phenomenological study asked 15 incoming first-semester nursing students about their perceptions of the nursing profession. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed, and three themes emerged: Vicarious Pride, Raw Gratitude, and Help Is Coming. With a need to attract more applicants and graduate more nurses, nursing schools might use these identified concepts to recruit and motivate prospective students. This research provides insight into the motivation to attend nursing school following the pandemic.
Antiplatelet therapy around CABG: the latest evidence
Authors: Sandner Sigrid , Redfors Björn , Gaudino Mario 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of review
The optimal antiplatelet strategy in patients after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is unclear. We review the evidence on the efficacy and safety of DAPT after CABG and discuss potential novel antiplatelet strategies that reduce the risk of bleeding without loss of efficacy.

Recent findings
Adding the potent P2Y12 inhibitor ticagrelor to aspirin for 1 year after CABG is associated with a reduction in the risk of vein graft failure, at the expense of an increased risk of clinically important bleeding. Ticagrelor monotherapy is not associated with better efficacy than aspirin alone, but is not associated with increased bleeding risk.

Summary
Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is recommended after acute coronary syndrome events, but aspirin as single antiplatelet therapy remains the cornerstone of antithrombotic therapy in stable ischemic heart disease because of a lack of solid evidence on the benefit of DAPT on clinical outcomes. Shorter duration DAPT, based on the pathophysiology of vein graft failure, may be a promising strategy that requires testing in adequately powered randomized trials.
Coronary artery bypass grafting in left ventricular dysfunction: when and how
Authors: Iacona Gabriele M. , Bakhos Jules J. , Tong Michael Z. , Bakaeen Faisal G. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of review
The surgical management of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with low ejection fraction presents unique challenges that require meticulous attention to details and good surgical technique and judgement. This review details the latest evidence and best practices in the care of such patients.

Recent findings
CABG in patients with low ejection fraction carries a significant risk of perioperative mortality and morbidity related to the development of postcardiotomy shock. Preoperative optimization with pharmacological or mechanical support is required, especially in patients with cardiogenic shock. Rapid and complete revascularization is what CABG surgeons aim to achieve. Multiple arterial revascularization should be reserved to selected patients. Off-pump CABG, on-pump breathing heart CABG, and new cardioplegic solutions remain of uncertain benefit compared with traditional CABG.

Summary
Tremendous advancements in CABG allowed surgeons to offer revascularization to patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction and multivessel disease with acceptable risk. Despite that, there is a lack of comprehensive and robust studies particularly on long-term outcomes. Individualized patient assessment and a heart team approach should be used to determine the optimal surgical strategy for each patient.
Repigmentation of the Nipple-Areola Complex following Free Nipple Grafting
Authors: Humar Pooja , Bailey Elizabeth , De La Cruz Carolyn , Nguyen Vu , Gimbel Michael 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Free nipple grafting (FNG) is a technique historically used during breast reduction and top surgery for treatment of gender dysphoria to minimize nipple-areola complex (NAC) hypoperfusion and subsequent loss. One drawback of this approach is NAC hypopigmentation. The authors sought to quantify long-term pigmentation changes in the NAC after FNG.

Methods:
A retrospective review of patients who underwent reduction mammaplasty or simple mastectomy with FNG from 2000 through 2020 at the authors’ institution was conducted. Patients were included if they had preoperative, early, and late postoperative images. Images were analyzed using the National Institutes of Health’s Image J software for pigmentation changes over time.

Results:
Of the 151 patients identified, 56 patients (111 breasts) had complete imaging (macromastia, n = 47; oncologic, n = 4; gender dysphoria, n = 5). All patients had NAC hypopigmentation on early imaging, with 25.5% (SD 18.1%) of the NACs affected. On late imaging, 83 NACs (74.7%) experienced repigmentation, with only 8.7% (SD 7.3%) of the NAC area remaining hypopigmented. This represents a 67.2% resolution of pigmentation (P < 0.001). Ten NACs (9.0%) had progression of hypopigmentation, and 17 NACs (15.3%) had no change. In a subset analysis by race, White patients had significantly greater area of NAC hypopigmentation on early postoperative imaging (White, 29.3% [SD 18.8%] versus Black, 18.3% [SD 14.0%]; P < 0.01). However, resolution of hypopigmentation was similar between the groups.

Conclusions:
Although partial hypopigmentation of the NAC is nearly universal after FNG, a majority of patients experience repigmentation, with low residual hypopigmentation at 1 year. These findings are useful for counseling patients with early pigmentation changes in addition to guiding surgical decisions about breast surgery with FNG.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
FARMS: Framework for Animal and Robot Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Arreguit Jonathan , Tata Ramalingasetty Shravan , Ijspeert Auke 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe study of animal locomotion and neuromechanical control offers valuable insights for advancing research in neuroscience, biomechanics, and robotics. We have developed FARMS (Framework for Animal and Robot Modeling and Simulation), an open-source, interdisciplinary framework, designed to facilitate access to modeling, simulation, and analysis of animal locomotion and bio-inspired robotic systems. By providing an accessible and user-friendly platform, FARMS aims to lower the barriers for researchers to explore the complex interactions between the nervous system, musculoskeletal structures, and their environment. Integrating the MuJoCo physics engine in a modular manner, FARMS enables realistic simulations and fosters collaboration among neuroscientists, biologists, and roboticists. FARMS has already been extensively used to study locomotion in animals such as mice, drosophila, fish, salamanders, and centipedes, serving as a platform to investigate the role of central pattern generators and sensory feedback. This article provides an overview of the FARMS framework, discusses its interdisciplinary approach, showcases its versatility through specific case studies, and highlights its effectiveness in advancing our understanding of locomotion. Overall, the goal of FARMS is to contribute to a deeper understanding of animal locomotion, the development of innovative bio-inspired robotic systems, and promote accessibility in neuromechanical research.
Massive lateral gene transfer under strain coexistence in the gut
Authors: Frazão N. , Seixas E. , Barreto H.C. , Mischler M. , Güleresi D. , Gordo I. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMammals are colonized by multiple strains ofEscherichia coli, yet how such strain coexistence affects their tempo and mode of evolution is poorly understood. Here, by following the colonization of two phylogenetic distinct strains ofE. coliin the mouse gut, we find a strain-specific mode of evolution and a remarkable level of gene transfer between strains. In the same host, despite accumulating mutations at the same rate, one strain evolves by diversifying selection and the other by directional selection, and a rich dynamics of bacteriophage and plasmid transfer is found. Our results provide support for an important role of lateral transduction in the mammalian gut.
The impact of AI-powered technologies on aesthetic, cognitive and affective experience dimensions: a connected store experiment
Authors: El Abed Mehdi , Castro-Lopez Adrian 
Published: September 2023

PurposeDigitalization is revolutionizing the retail sector as today's consumers prefer a seamlessly integrated, fluid and irritation-free shopping experience enhanced with artificial intelligence (AI)-powered technologies. Literature highlights gaps in the understanding of the shopping experience in an omnichannel context, involving aesthetic, cognitive and affective experience dimensions. This research highlights the direct effects and the mechanism triggered in the presence of such device.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 259 consumers was interviewed at the point of sale. Data have been collected after a shopping experience in two concept stores belonging to the same fashion brand: (1) not equipped with AI-powered technology and (2) equipped with these tools. The measurement scales were validated through ANCOVA analysis and causal relationship analysis with structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results show that the presence of an in-store AI-powered technologies in a connected store generates a higher aesthetic reaction when visiting the store, a higher absorption when shopping through the flow and a higher intent to purchase. The authors further investigate the underlying mechanism triggered by the presence of this technology, which enables the authors to outline their consequences regarding purchase intention.Originality/valueThe study, conducted within an actual connected store in France, explores the impact of AI technology in connected retail environments on consumer responses. It is an early research in this field, shedding light on a rarely explored area. The authors’ research addresses a significant gap, providing insights into AI-driven retail experiences.
Examining brand transgression, behavioral responses and the mediating effect of perceived brand betrayal
Authors: Rasouli Nasrin , Alimohammadirokni Mohammad , Rasoolimanesh S. Mostafa , Momayez Ayatollah , Emadlou Nafas (Atefeh) 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the effect of brand transgression severity on different behavioral responses (BRs). In addition, the role of perceived brand betrayal (BB) is examined as a mediator between brand transgression severity and BRs.

Design/methodology/approach
A total number of 331 customers of Tehran travel agencies were recruited as the statistical sample. Partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS 4 software was used to analyze the collected data.

Findings
The results showed that the severity of brand transgression significantly affects perceived BB and customer BR, including avoidance and retaliatory behaviors. Moreover, the results showed that perceived BB has a mediating role in the relationship between brand transgression severity and reparatory and retaliatory behaviors.

Originality/value
This study adds to the understanding of consumer behavior by demonstrating how customers react to brand transgression severity through perceived BB.
Towards a novel cyber physical control system framework: a deep learning driven use case
Authors: Moufaddal Mariam , Benghabrit Asmaa , Bouhaddou Imane 
Published: September 2023

PurposeThe health crisis has highlighted the shortcomings of the industry sector which has revealed its vulnerability. To date, there is no guarantee of a return to the “world before”. The ability of companies to cope with these changes is a key competitive advantage requiring the adoption/mastery of industry 4.0 technologies. Therefore, companies must adapt their business processes to fit into similar situations.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed methodology comprises three steps. First, a comparative analysis of the existing CPSs is elaborated. Second, following this analysis, a deep learning driven CPS framework is proposed highlighting its components and tiers. Third, a real industrial case is presented to demonstrate the application of the envisioned framework. Deep learning network-based methods of object detection are used to train the model and evaluation is assessed accordingly.FindingsThe analysis revealed that most of the existing CPS frameworks address manufacturing related subjects. This illustrates the need for a resilient industrial CPS targeting other areas and considering CPSs as loopback systems preserving human–machine interaction, endowed with data tiering approach for easy and fast data access and embedded with deep learning-based computer vision processing methods.Originality/valueThis study provides insights about what needs to be addressed in terms of challenges faced due to unforeseen situations or adapting to new ones. In this paper, the CPS framework was used as a monitoring system in compliance with the precautionary measures (social distancing) and for self-protection with wearing the necessary equipments. Nevertheless, the proposed framework can be used and adapted to any industrial or non-industrial environments by adjusting object detection purpose.