bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-Patient Morbidity and Mortality Patterns among Patients with Diabetes in Southwest Nigeria: A Multicenter Prospective Study
Authors: Olamoyegun Michael A. , Ala Oluwabukola A. , Ojo Olubukola A. , Akinlade Akinyele T. , Ajani Gbadebo D. , Enikuomehin Christianah A. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Diabetes is a disease of public concern with increasing hospital admissions and mortality in developing countries. Hence, we aimed to determine the patterns of in-hospital morbidity and mortality in patients admitted for diabetes.

Methods:
A prospective multicenter analysis of the causes of hospital admission and death among patients with type 2 diabetes who were admitted from diabetic clinic and emergency units over a 3-month period in selected tertiary hospitals in southwest, Nigeria was conducted. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS version 21.0.

Results:
A total of 341 patients with diabetes were admitted with a mean age of 59.6 ± 15.6 years and overall mortality of 14 deaths (4.4%). Almost three-fifths (59.5%) were previously known patients with diabetes with a mean duration of 52.44 ± 30.02 months. Two hundred and thirty-one (70.9%) patients were admitted through the emergency units and others through outpatient clinics. The duration of hospital stay ranged from 1 to 135 days, with a mean duration of 24.5 ± 14.7 days. The diabetes-related indications for admission were hyperglycemic crisis (diabetes ketoacidosis [DKA] and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state [HHS]) (59.8%), diabetic foot ulcer [DFU], (11.7%), hypoglycemia (7.6%), and infections (7.3%). Among the diabetes-related diagnoses, 100%, 77.8%, 50.0%, 41.7%, and 28.3% of patients with chronic kidney disease, stroke, DFU, DKA, and HHS respectively stayed longer than 10 days on admission.

Conclusion:
Diabetes still contributes high cause of morbidity in our hospitals but with a reduced mortality compared to previously reported figure. Hence, continued emphasis on early diagnosis with improvements in diabetes care will help to improve diabetes outcomes.
A Comparative Study of Bacteriological Profile and Outcomes in Infective Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Nagaraja B. S. , Chandrashekar Arjun P. , Menon Anindita 
Published: April 2023

Background:
According to the Global Burden of Disease 2018, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide, and in India, COPD is the second leading cause of death among noncommunicable diseases. Among India’s 1.31 billion people, about 6% of children and 2% of adults have bronchial asthma. Infective exacerbations of both COPD and Bronchial asthma are common. However, there are some differences in the bacterial spectra between the two conditions, and profiling the bacteria responsible for the exacerbations will help in choosing appropriate antibiotics and also to combat the issue of drug resistance.

Aims:
(1) To analyze the bacteriological profile of patients with infective exacerbation of COPD and bronchial asthma. (2) To study the outcomes among these patients.

Subjects and Methods:
The study was a prospective observational study conducted from November 2019 to May 2020 in Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute on 50 patients diagnosed with acute exacerbation of COPD and 50 patients diagnosed with an exacerbation of bronchial asthma. Detailed history, physical examination, and standard laboratory tests were done on admission. Sputum samples were collected from the patients and analyzed by Gram staining and microscopy and also by culture. The differences between the two groups were analyzed. The progression of the disease and the outcomes were observed.

Results:
100 patients were included in our study, 50 each in COPD and bronchial asthma. The study was conducted in hospitals attached to BMCRI. Bacteriological profile was assessed by sputum culture and antibiotic sensitivity in the COPD and asthma groups, respectively. In our study, in the COPD group, majority (80%) of patients were males, the mean age was 64.34 ± 9.876, and 80% were smokers with 20% having exposure to biomass. The most common growth in COPD exacerbation was Streptococcus pneumoniae (18%) followed by Haemophilus influenzae and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Mortality in COPD exacerbation was 12%. In the asthma group, female preponderance was seen (54%), mean age was 40.64 ± 13.11. Majority of patients were cases of childhood asthma. Growth was seen in 32% of exacerbations and the most common organism was Streptococcus pneumoniae. Mortality was 4% and importantly due to comorbidities.

Conclusions:
Bacterial exacerbations are more common in COPD, while it is not so in bronchial asthma. Viral exacerbations and atypical bacterial exacerbations are more common and asthma associated with pneumonia is the cause for culture growth. Mortality is considerably low in the asthma group compared to COPD exacerbations.
Epidemiological Features of Healthcare-associated Acinetobacter baumannii Infections in Taiwan During 2008 − 2019
Authors: Hsieh Chi-Jeng , Yu Chia-Peng , Liang Chun-Yu , Liao Min-Tser , Liu Li-Chun , Lin Fu-Huang 
Published: April 2023

Background:

Acinetobacter baumannii can reside in humans without causing infection or symptoms but can opportunistically cause community and nosocomial infections. Few studies from Taiwan have used national-level data to investigate antibiotic resistance rates of A. baumannii infections in the intensive care units (ICUs) of medical centers.

Aim:
This study determined the number of infection sites of A. baumannii and the resistance rates of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) infections in ICUs in Taiwan, and identified trends over time, variations of infection site, and factors associated with resistance.

Methods:
This study used the database provided by Taiwan's Centers for Disease Control. Yearly, Taiwan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System Surveys from 2008 to 2019 were analyzed, including data on the site of infection and resistance rates of A. baumannii and patient and hospital characteristics.

Results:
On average, 21 hospitals as medical center/year participated in the survey, and 6803 A. baumannii isolates were identified. All isolates were health care-related infections. The most frequent sites of infection were the urinary tract (50.6%), respiratory tract (19.6%), bloodstream (18.2%), surgical wounds (4.3%), and others (7.4%). Infection rates were the highest in the urinary tract in 2019 (63.6%; P < 0.001). On average, the rate of carbapenem resistance was 66.6% (95% confidence interval: 63.1–70.1) among ICU patients at medical centers. Considerable regional differences were observed, with the highest rates of resistance in the central regions. Higher resistance rates were observed between 2019 and 2020 COVID-19 pandemic (74.2%).

Conclusion:
This is the first report on the prevalence of health care-related A. baumannii infection in Taiwan in 2008–2019. Several invasive diseases, such as urinary tract infections, are associated with higher rates of carbapenem resistance. The resistance rate of CRAB in Taiwan is exceptionally high. The current big-data-derived findings may inform future surveillance and research efforts in Taiwan.
MANAJEMEN SDM DALAM PENERAPAN KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL PADA UMKM KOTA PANGKAL PINANG BERBASIS EKONOMI PANCASILA
Authors: Zahri Tsulis Amiruddin , Wahyudin Nanang , Oktariani Dini , Yanuar Dony 
Published: April 2023

Tahun 2022 menjadi kebangkitan Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) di Indonesia dengan menyumbang 61 % terhadap PDB nasional dan menyerap 97 % dari total tenaga kerja. Berbasis wilayah kota, UMKM menjadi salah satu komponen yang menyumbang 9,27 % pertumbuhan ekonomi di Kota Pangkal Pinang. Namun, penerapan Kekayaan Intelektual (KI) dalam perilaku usaha UMKM belum tertangani secara maksimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi manajemen sumber daya mansia pada pelaku UMKM dalam membangun tim kerja yang sadar terhadap KI pada kegiatan usaha. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif. Data diperoleh dengan melakukan observasi dan wawancara kepada pelaku usaha UMKM di Kota Pangkalpinang yang belum atau pun sudah terdaftar KI-nya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaku UMKM memiliki kesadaran pentingnya KI dalam berwirausaha. KI dinilai oleh Pelaku UMKM menunjang keberlanjutan usaha melalui pematangan tiga tim wirausaha yang mereka miliki. Pelaku UMKM di Kota Pangkalpinang minimal memiliki tim produksi, tim operasional, dan tim pemasaran. Tiga tim tersebut yang sedang dikembangkan adalah tim pemasaran, karena melibatkan kemampuan media digital. Artinya, penerapan KI menjadi prioritas untuk menghindari klaim merek atau jenis usaha yang mereka miliki. Selain itu, pelaku UMKM memanfaatkan SDM berbasis kekeluargaan. Karakter tersebut sesuai dengan penerapan ekonomi Pancasila.
RESPON PEMBERIAN DOSIS PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR LIMBAH TAHU DAN PUPUK NITROGEN TERHADAP PRODUKSI SAWI HIJAU (Brassica chinensis var. parachinensis)
Authors: Sitinjak Lentina , Zai Ardiyanus 
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk melihat dan mengetahui respon pemberian dosis pupuk organic cair limbah tahu dan pupuk nitrogen terhadap produksi sawi hijau (Brassica chinensis var. parachinensis). Dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang terdiri dari dua factor pelakuan. Sebagi faktor pertama adalah pemberian pupuk organik cair limbah tahu dengan empat taraf yaitu L0 : Kontrol, L1 : 7.5 ml/polybag/, L2 : 15 ml/polybag. Faktor kedua adalah dosis pupuk nitrogen dengan empat taraf, N0 : control, N1 : 75 kg/ha, N2 : 150 kg/ha dan N3 : 300 kg/ha.Parameter yang diamati adalah produksi per tanaman dan produksi per plot. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk organic air limbah tahu dan pupuk nitrogen berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi per plot, namun interaksi kedua perlakuan tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap kedua parameter. Pupuk organic cair limbah air tahu tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan 15 ml/polybag. Peningkatan produksi pertanaman mencapai 26.64 % dan meningkatkan produksi per plot 21,55% jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan control. Pemberian pupuk nitrogen tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan 300 kg/ha, peningkatan produksi pertanaman yang diperoleh mencapai 355.29 % dan peningkatan produksi per plot mencapai 288.00% jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan control atau tanpa pemberian nitrogen.
Common Clinical Manifestations and a Rare Diagnosis: A Case Report of Hemoglobin Köln in Saudi
Authors: Alzahrani Abeer A , Malibari Afnan A , Abdalla Khalid A , Khan Eman A , Alasaad Tariq G 
Published: April 2023

Background: Hemoglobin Köln is the most widely diagnosed among unstable hemoglobin. Patients with hemoglobin Köln often have moderate hemolytic anemia, reticulocytosis, splenomegaly, and high levels of lactate dehydrogenase and bilirubin in the blood. Hemoglobin Köln happened as a result of the substitution of an amino acid methionine for the usual valine at position 98 of the beta chain. Up to the time, there were no previous reports in Arabian Peninsula, hence, the patient involved in this study is considered to be the first reported case.
Case: A 13 years old Saudi male, product of consanguineous marriage, known to have chronic hemolytic anemia and jaundice since birth. Previously labeled as query Gilbert syndrome and treated with folic acid supplements by primary health care. However, due to the several emergency room admissions caused by severe left upper quadrant abdominal pain in association with dark urine, gallstones and hepatosplenomegaly, the patient was referred to pediatric hematology. Subsequent investigations identified that patient's vague and common complaints was a result of hemoglobin Köln disease. Those investigations showed mild macrocytic anemia, polychromasia, and bite cells in blood smear, while in hemoglobin electrophoresis, a small peak in zone (E) was observed. Hemoglobin Köln was confirmed by whole exome sequencing (WES) test that reported the presence of amino acid exchange (Val99Met).
Recommendations: Careful examination is necessary for the differential diagnosis of hemoglobinopathy variations, which can be challenging especially in pediatric cases. Unstable hemoglobin should be investigated in cases mimicking a β-thalassemia trait, but associated with abnormally rapid hemolysis and reticulocytosis, or in cases that cannot be explained with common causes.
Ultrasonographic Measurements of Kidney Dimensions of 109 Filipinos in South Luzon – A Descriptive Study
Authors: Abdulla Abdel Jeffri A. 
Published: April 2023

Objective. The aim of this study is to measure the size of the kidney of Filipino patients, considered as having normal kidney size, in three dimensions, using ultrasound.
Methods. The ultrasound reports of 109 Filipino patients of a tertiary hospital south of Metro Manila were collected. LENGTH, WIDTH and HEIGHT of each kidney were tabulated and any associated condition seen during the procedure was noted. The ultrasonographic examination was done by only one board- certified radiologist.
Results. Based on ultrasonographic measurements, the average length, width and height of the right kidney are 10.38 cm, 5.30 cm and 3.82 cm, respectively. The left kidney has mean measurements of 10.32 cm, 5.15 cm and 4.10 cm for length, width and height, respectively. The presence of co-morbid conditions did not significantly alter the size of the kidneys.
Conclusion. These measurements conform to the standard measurements reported in earlier local researches and in standard textbooks with non-Filipino subjects. This study offers no new findings and just reaffirms what has already been reported. The data presented in this paper will hopefully emphasize the importance of looking at kidney size in the assessment of possible kidney pathology.
CT Scan: Is It Really Safe?
Authors: Cañal Johanna Patricia A. 
Published: April 2023

Excerpts:
"It has often been said that there is no one more afraid of radiation than the radiologist. From Day 1 of residency training, radiologists-to-be are taught that excess radiation can cause cancer and a multitude of other medical conditions. After Hiroshima, Nagasaki and Chernobyl, history has shown that excess doses of radiation can cause cancer..."
"The Computed Tomography (CT) Scan machine was invented in 19724 and used commercially soon thereafter. Since then, there was an incredible leap in the practice of medicine. Head injuries and trauma cases became routinely evaluated using CT. In recent years, CT has become the standard in screening for paranasal sinus disease, lung disease and coronary artery disease. Computed Tomography has become accessible and affordable. CT scan procedures are covered by health insurance in most First World countries..."
[However, there are important questions which need to be raised:] "How much radiation does a patient receive with each CT Scan procedure? Should we be alarmed by the amount of radiation that a patient receives with each CT Scan procedure? Is the CT Scan really safe?"
Unfortunately, it is not that easy to answer these questions. It is not ethical to do a randomized control study on the effect of radiation on humans by intentionally irradiating them without any expected benefits. We have to content ourselves with data on radiation doses obtained in previous studies."
Read the complete article in the attached pdf...
A Proposed Two-Track Fellowship Training in Occupational and Environmental Medicine
Authors: Sarausad-Macaraeg Perla 
Published: April 2023

Excerpts:
"The new millennium, characterized by rapid industrialization, urbanization, environmental degradation, natural and man-made disasters, and newly emerging diseases affecting the working population and communities, is full of challenges which have to be addressed by policy makers of concerned government and non-government institutions. As of the present however, no formal specialty training program in Occupational and Environmental Medicine is being offered by any institution here in the Philippines.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine: Scope and Relevance
Occupational and Environmental Medicine (OEM) is perhaps the most comprehensive of all medical specialties. It is devoted to the prevention and management of occupational and environmental injury, illness and disability; as well as the promotion of health and productivity of workers, their families and communities.
OEM is a discipline to pursue especially in a developing country like the Philippines, wherein a considerable number of workers and their families reside in agricultural and mining communities, and are therefore exposed to various occupational and environmental hazards..."

Read the full article in the attached pdf.
"«ИРШАДУЛ-МУЛУК УӘС-САЛАТИН» ЖАЗБА ЕСКЕРТКІШІ (ХІV Ғ.) ТЕОЛИНГВИСТИКАЛЫҚ ДЕРЕК РЕТІНДЕ "
Authors: Қ. Қ. Аубакирова  , А. А. Мустафаева  , М. С. Кулахметова  
Published: April 2023

Бүгінгі жаһандану заманында ұмытыла бастаған мыңдаған жылдық тарихы бар бабалар мұрасын қайтадан жаңғырту негізінде қазіргі отандық ғылымда ұлтымыздың тарихы, мәдениеті, наным-сенімі, діни ұстанымдары туралы ортағасырлық қолжазбаларды тауып, елге әкеліп, кешенді түрде зерттеу арқылы ұлтымыздың өткен тарихын қайта қарау қажеттілігі туындап отыр. Шетелдік кітапханалар мен мұрағаттар қорында сақталған қыпшақ тіліндегі жазба ескерткіштерді зерттеу арқылы түркі халықтарының тарихи-мәдени құндылықтары туралы баға жетпес деректерге қолжеткізе аламыз. Түркі тілдес халықтардың бәріне ортақ жазба ескерткіштердің арасында ХІІІ-ХV ғасырларда дүниеге келген мәмлүк-қыпшақ тіліндегі қолжазбалардың, әсіресе діни сарында жазылған еңбектердің алатын орны ерекше. Бұл мәмлүк-қыпшақ тілінде жазылған ескерткіштер тек Мысыр қоғамына қатысты емес, жалпы түркі халықтарының тілін, наным-сенімін, діни ұстанымын зерттеуде теолингвистикалық дереккөз болып табылады. Берілген мақалада мәмлүктер кезінде діни сарында жазылған «Иршәдул-мулук уәс-салатин» (ХІV ғ.) қолжазбасына деректанулық, палеографиялық және кодикологиялық талдаулар жасалып, қолжазба туралы толық әрі жаңа мәліметтер беріліп, ескерткіштің құрылымдық, мазмұндық және тілдік ерекшеліктері анықталды, жазба ескерткіште сақталған тілдік материалдардың теолингвистикалық дереккөз ретінде құндылығы айқындалды.
Tetracycline Resistance on Protein Synthesis
Authors: Ademikanra Adekunle , Oyewole Olutayo , Olayiwola Azeemat , Areo Stephen 
Published: April 2023

Tetracycline is an antibiotic with powerful antibacterial activities against a wide variety if microorganisms. It is a potent antibacterial antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis to work and it is also a good medication because of its low toxicity and adverse reaction, oral absorption, and effectiveness against disease-causing germs. Its major mechanism of action is based on inhibition of protein synthesis. The relatively low toxicity & allergic reaction, effective oral absorption, and wide range of effectiveness against disease causing microorganisms are reasons why tetracycline is regarded as a good medication. Tetracycline mechanism of action is mainly its inhibitory ability of protein synthesis. It inhibits aminoacyl-tRNA from binding to the ribosome's A site and thus prevent any further amino acid addition to the developing polypeptide chain. It inhibits protein synthesis at once and disrupt several enzymatic activities essential to propagation and survival. This inhibitory ability is less apparent in surrounding human/animal cells during treatment, which is due to inability of such cell to pump tetracycline into their cytoplasm against concentration gradient unlike bacteria cells. In addition, its ability to disrupt cellular membrane causes organelles o leak from the cell and thus impedes propagation or multiplication. However, tetracycline resistance was observed over time. Tetracycline resistance has been observed to be caused by the action of intrinsic enzymes synthesized to inactivates or degrade it. Also, the excretion and efflux of tetracycline from the cytoplasm, thus reducing cytoplasmic concentration and ultimately, its efficacy. Such microorganism possesses membrane proteins or transporters that can export tetracycline at a rate equal to or greater than its influx rate. The transporters could be tetracycline specific or a multidrug transporter. Another mechanism of tetracycline resistance is known as ribosome's protection. Although the mechanism is not well known, ribosome protective resistance protein (TetM) binds to the ribosome's binding site. This molecule has similarities to elongation factor, and it allows the elongation of polypeptide chain while reducing the affinity of the binding site to tetracycline. This ultimately makes tetracycline ineffective against the microorganisms. This mechanism can also be used in conjunction with efflux mechanism of tetracycline resistance.
CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE FORÇA DE PREENSÃO PALMAR E VARIÁVEIS DE AVALIAÇÃO NUTRICIONAL EM PACIENTES SUBMETIDOS A COLECISTECTOMIA
Authors: Silva Dailane Araujo da , Sousa Ramon Diogo Araújo Veloso de , Santos Andréa Fernanda Lopes dos 
Published: April 2023

Introdução: A colelitíase é considerada uma das doenças do trato gastrointestinal que mais incide em pacientes indicados a cirurgias de colecistectomia. A desnutrição apresenta-se como um fator de risco relevante em pacientes no pré-operatório e pós-operatório. A medida da força de preensão palmar, é um método rápido e fácil que visa complementar a avaliação nutricional desses pacientes. Objetivo: Correlacionar a Força de Preensão Palmar com variáveis de avaliação nutricional em pacientes em pré-operatório de colecistectomia. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo e transversal realizados em pacientes adultos submetidos a cirurgia de colecistectomia de ambos os sexos. Os dados foram coletados no período entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2019 na clínica cirúrgica de um Hospital de referência em Teresina - Piauí. Resultados: Foram avaliados 50 pacientes (39 ± 12 anos), dos quais 72%eram do sexo feminino (40 ± 11 anos) e 28% eram do sexo masculino (37 ± 13 anos). A análise do coeficiente de Spearman identificou correlação negativa entre força de preensão palmar e o índice da Avaliação Nutricional Subjetiva Global (r = -0,310; p = 0,029) e correlações significativas entre Força de preensão palmar e circunferência do braço (r = 0,404; p = 0,004) e circunferência muscula do braço (r = 0,488; p = <0,001). Conclusão: Conclui-se que os resultados encontrados para a população estudada mostraram correlação positiva da força de preensão palmar para as variáveis antropométricas Circunferências do Braço, Circunferência Muscular do Braço e Avaliação Nutricional Subjetiva Global.