bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ichnofabric Analysis of the Jumara Formation, Jara Dome, Western Kachchh, India
Authors: Choudhary Anjali , Desai Bhawanisingh G. , Chauhan Suruchi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Jara dome in the western part of the Kachchh basin is the distal-most exposure of the Callovian to Aptian age sediments of the Kachchh stratigraphy. These outcrops are represented by three formations, namely, the Jumara, Jhuran, and Bhuj formations. The central part of this dome is represented by the entire succession of the Jumara Formation (Member-I to IV). This paper aims to document ichnofabric changes in the distal part of the basin during a basinal-scale transgression. The Jumara succession at the Jara dome is represented by finer sediments compared with the other coeval sediments across the basin. Ichnofabric analysis of the Jumara Formation at the Jara dome implies 21 ichnospecies from 12 ichnogenera with the reconstruction of ichnofabric constituent analysis for all four members. Member-I implies low diversity-low density trace fossils with a simple tiering profile. Member II is two thick bands of marls rich with high diversity and density occurrence of Zoophycos. Ichnofabric analysis suggests slow sedimentation in the shelf environment below the Storm wave base under dysoxic conditions. Ichnofabric analysis of overlying Member III suggests deposition below the fairweather wave base with well-oxygenated, shifting substrate-type environments. Ichnological analysis of Member IV (Dhosa oolite Member) suggests that a transgression event was inferred at Jumara Dome. Thus, the ichnofabric analysis of the Jumara Formation suggests an increase in ichnodiversity steadily from member-I to III and then a decline. A comparison of the Jara dome ichnology data with other coeval sediments of the Kachchh basin suggests high diversity in the Jara dome area.
Study of Spatio-temporal Variability of Groundwater Table in Semi-arid Agrarian District of Haryana
Authors: Sitender  , Chaudhary B. S. , Singh Abhishek , Salita  , Himani  
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The increase in the number of tubewells and associated irrigated area is increasing pressure on the groundwater resource. Therefore, present study focuses on detailed elaboration on spatio-temporal variations in groundwater level and its relation with rainfall and other corresponding factors in Jind district of Haryana. Study area contributes nearly 10% of food grain production to the state. Present study utilizes secondary data acquired from various departments of state government of Haryana. The temporal variability is studied by calculating minimum, maximum, average depth and yearly rise/fall of groundwater table from 1987 to 2017. The non-parametric tests like Mann-Kendall, Sen’s slope and parametric tests like linear regression are used to understand the behavior of groundwater table. The rate of depletion is 19 cm per year in pre-monsoon season and 24 cm per year during post-monsoon season. The central, north and north-western part of the study area is facing sharp decline in groundwater table. This decline of groundwater table is found to be correlated with the cultivation of rice crop and increase in tubewell irrigated areas. Contrary to this, the southern and south-western part of the study area is becoming more vulnerable to waterlogging.
A GIS-based DRASTIC Model for Assessing Groundwater Quality Vulnerability: Case Study of Surat and its Surroundings
Authors: Patel Priyank , Mehta Darshan J. , Sharma Neeraj D. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Groundwater is one of the most important water resources, with varying quality and quantity. It is extremely difficult to recycle contaminated groundwater. As a result, protecting groundwater from contamination is critical. Industrial and municipal wastes, agricultural contamination owing to pesticides and chemical hazards, seawater intrusion in coastal areas, and other factors damage groundwater. The objective of the study is to assess the groundwater quality vulnerability using the DRASTIC model with a geoinformatics approach in Surat and its surroundings. Depth of water, Net recharge, Aquifer, Soil, Topography, Impact of the vadose zone, and Hydraulic conductivity are the parameters to be considered for assessing the vulnerability using the DRASTIC model. In this study, all parameters are weighted by conventional weights. The study shows that almost 53.46% of the total study area is under moderate vulnerability, and 46.54% of the area is under high vulnerability. Olpad, Kamrej, chorasi, Surat city, and the lower part of Bardoli talukas are coming under high vulnerability, whereas other parts are coming under moderate vulnerability. It is observed that the parameters like net recharge, impact of the vadose zone, depth to the water table, and aquifer media are largely affected by high vulnerability. The study delineates groundwater vulnerability in the study area, which can help land-use policies and norms for activities connected to recharge and seepage concerning the current status of groundwater vulnerability and quality. This study helps policymakers and local authorities in taking protective measures for groundwater quality.
Nebulizers effectiveness on pulmonary delivery of alpha-1 antitrypsin
Authors: Bianchera Annalisa , Vilardo Viviana , Giaccari Roberta , Michielon Annalisa , Bazzoli Gianluca , Buttini Francesca , Aiello Marina , Chetta Alfredo , Bruno Stefano , Bettini Ruggero 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe nebulization of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) for its administration to the lung could be an interesting alternative to parenteral infusion for patients suffering from AAT genetic deficiency (AATD). In the case of protein therapeutics, the effect of the nebulization mode and rate on protein conformation and activity must be carefully considered. In this paper two types of nebulizers, i.e., a jet and a mesh vibrating system, were used to nebulize a commercial preparation of AAT for infusion and compared. The aerosolization performance, in terms of mass distribution, respirable fraction, and drug delivery efficiency, as well as the activity and aggregation state of AAT upon in vitro nebulization were investigated. The two nebulizers demonstrated equivalent aerosolization performances, but the mesh nebulizer provided a higher efficiency in the delivery of the dose. The activity of the protein was acceptably preserved by both nebulizers and no aggregation or changes in its conformation were identified. This suggests that nebulization of AAT represents a suitable administration strategy ready to be translated to the clinical practice for delivering the protein directly to the lungs in AATD patients, either as a support therapy to parenteral administration or for subjects with a precocious diagnosis, to prevent the onset of pulmonary symptoms.
Graphical Abstract
Thurston’s fragmentation and c-principles
Authors: Nariman Sam 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we generalize the original idea of Thurston for the so-called Mather-Thurston’s theorem for foliated bundles to prove new variants of this theorem for PL homeomorphisms and contactormorphisms. These versions answer questions posed by Gelfand-Fuks ([GF73, Section 5]) and Greenberg ([Gre92]) on PL foliations and Rybicki ([Ryb10, Section 11]) on contactomorphisms. The interesting point about the original Thurston’s technique compared to the better-known Segal-McDuff’s proof of the Mather-Thurston theorem is that it gives a compactly supported c-principle theorem without knowing the relevant local statement on open balls. In the appendix, we show that Thurston’s fragmentation implies the non-abelian Poincare duality theorem and its generalization using blob complexes ([MW12, Theorem 7.3.1]).

To the memory of John Mather.
The Ethics of Choosing Deterrence
Authors: Weiner Sharon K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAny threat to use nuclear weapons inherently carries the possibility of escalation to a level such that both parties in a conflict, and likely many others, would be destroyed. Yet nuclear weapons are also seen as necessary for securing the very things that would be destroyed if the weapons were ever used. The fix for this nuclear dilemma relies on the strategy of deterrence. Deterrence provides a rationale for why nuclear weapons are necessary, even though they may seem dangerous. But the practice of deterrence involves less intentionality and agency than is usually assumed. The success of deterrence relies partially on luck as well as unrealistic assumptions about human behavior. Rather than a strategic necessity, deterrence may be an institutionalized behavior, accepted because it has always been practiced rather than because it makes sense. Assessing the ethics of deterrence and nuclear weapons requires engaging with these issues.
Can Technology Democratize Finance?
Authors: Bernards Nick 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis essay reviews two recent books—Marion Laboure and Nicolas Deffrennes's Democratizing Finance and Eswar S. Prasad's The Future of Money—on financial technology (fintech) and the future of money. Both books present overviews of recent developments in fintech and assess the prospects of technological change to deliver a more accessible, equitable financial system—described in both cases as the “democratization of finance.” I raise two key concerns about the limits of the “democratization” implied here. First, the vision of democratized finance implicit in both books rests on claims about widening access to financial services for individuals, households, and businesses. This contrasts with more substantive visions of democratized finance that entail the exercise of accountable, deliberative decision-making on monetary and financial questions. Second, “fintech democracy” rests on a very thin account of how finance might be democratized, stressing exogenous technological change, with little consideration of relations of power, institutional reforms, or mobilization. Both books provide eloquent and comprehensive overviews of emerging fintech debates, but in so doing ultimately reveal important limitations to achieving financial democracy through fintech.
An Evolutionary Shaking‐Forecast‐Based Earthquake Early Warning Method
Authors: Zollo Aldo , Colombelli Simona , Caruso Alessandro , Elia Luca 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHere we propose a methodology for Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) able to issue the alert based on the real‐time estimation of the epicentral area where a peak ground Intensity measure is expected to exceed a user‐set ground shaking level. The method provides in output a P‐wave‐based, time‐evolutive “early” shake map. It combines the peak ground velocity predictions available from the observed P‐wave amplitudes and from the region‐specific ground motion prediction equation, using progressively updated estimates of earthquake location and magnitude. The P‐wave displacement, velocity and acceleration amplitudes are jointly measured on a progressively expanded P‐wave time window while the earthquake location and magnitude are evaluated using the first P‐arrival time and displacement amplitudes at near source stations. A retrospective analysis of the 2016, Mw 6.5 Central Italy earthquake records shows that depending on the network density and spatial source coverage, the method naturally accounts for effects related to the earthquake rupture directivity and spatial variability of strong ground motion related to crustal wave propagation and site amplification. Within 1.5 s from the first alert (5.15 s after the origin time), the simulated performance of the system in predicting the event ground shaking is very high: in the 40 km‐radius area that suffered an Intensity MCS VIII–IX, 41 over 42 strong‐motion instrumented sites would have been successfully alerted, with only one false alarm. Even considering the calculated blind‐zone of 15 km radius, a 15–55 km wide annular area would have received the alert 2–14.5 s before the occurrence of the strong ground shaking. The proposed EEW method evolves with time in a way that it minimizes the missed alarms while increasing successful alarms and to a lesser extent false alarms, so it is necessary for the end‐user to accept these possibilities and account for them in a probabilistic decision scheme depending on the specific safety actuation measure to be undertaken in real‐time.
Momentum Flux and Vertical Wind Power Spectral Characteristics in the Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere Over Andøya, Norway as Observed by MAARSY
Authors: Ghosh Priyanka , Renkwitz Toralf , Latteck Ralph , Avsarkisov Victor , Chau Jorge L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe used the tropospheric and lower stratospheric 3D winds for four consecutive years (2017–2020) to study the momentum flux (MF) and vertical wind power spectra (VWP) over Andøya, Norway (69.30°N, 16.04°E) using the Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System. The spectra range from 3.5 days−1 > f > 30 min−1, which are categorized in terms of observed/ground‐based frequency (as the local inertial period is 13 h over Andøya), height ranges, and seasons. Our results indicate for the first time that (a) both the zonal and meridional MF display peaks around the inertial period (13 h) in the troposphere (1.80–12.00 km) during all seasons (with some exceptions), while VWP exhibits such features in the whole height range (1.80–18.00 km), (b) the minimum variability in MF, VWP, and kinetic energy is observed during summer, and (c) both the MF and VWP demonstrate height variation with maximum deviations below the tropopause.
Captured QBO‐MJO Connection in a Subseasonal Prediction System
Authors: Huang Kai , Richter Jadwiga H. , Pegion Kathleen V. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) impacts the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) activity with a stronger MJO in QBO easterly (QBOE) than QBO westerly (QBOW) winters. However, this relationship is poorly represented in the current generation climate models. For the first time, this paper applies a stratospheric zonal‐mean nudging in a subseasonal prediction system to capture it. Two strong MJO cases in a QBO‐neutral winter are investigated. The QBO temperature and zonal wind anomalies are added separately as well as together to the stratosphere using nudging in MJO case hindcast. Only by nudging the QBO temperature anomalies while leaving the zonal wind free, can the prediction system capture the observed QBO‐MJO connection. The tropopause instability is found positively correlated to the MJO amplitude, but it cannot fully explain the captured connection. The free‐evolving zonal wind anomalies in the stratosphere due to the nudged QBO temperature are crucial for the captured connection.
Gravity Waves Emitted From Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instabilities
Authors: Dong Wenjun , Fritts David C. , Liu Alan Z. , Lund Thomas S. , Liu Han‐Li 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFritts, Wang, Lund, and Thorpe (2022, https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2021.1085) and Fritts, Wang, Thorpe, and Lund (2022, https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2021.1086) described a 3‐dimensional direct numerical simulation of interacting Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability (KHI) billows and resulting tube and knot (T&K) dynamics that arise at a stratified shear layer defined by an idealized, large‐amplitude inertia‐gravity wave. Using similar initial conditions, we performed a high‐resolution compressible simulation to explore the emission of GWs by these dynamics. The simulation confirms that such shear can induce strong KHI with large horizontal scales and billow depths that readily emit GWs having high frequencies, small horizontal wavelengths, and large vertical group velocities. The density‐weighted amplitudes of GWs reveal “fishbone” structures in vertical cross sections above and below the KHI source. Our results reveal that KHI, and their associated T&K dynamics, may be an important additional source of high‐frequency, small‐scale GWs at higher altitudes.
Time‐Dependent Inversion of Energetic Electron Precipitation Spectra From Ground‐Based Incoherent Scatter Radar Measurements
Authors: Juarez Madera Diana , Marshall Robert A. , Elschot Sigrid , Kaeppler Stephen , Reyes Pablo , Varney Roger H. , Crew Alexander B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the D‐region, the ionization rate cannot be detected directly with any known measurement technique, therefore it must be estimated. Starting from space‐based measurements of precipitating particle flux, we estimate the ionization rate in the atmosphere using the Electron Precipitation Monte Carlo transport method. This ionization rate is used to calculate the expected electron density in the D‐region with the Glukhov‐Pasko‐Inan five species (GPI5) atmospheric chemistry model. We then compare the simulated electron density with that measured by the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar (PFISR). From ground‐based radar measurements of electron density enhancements due to sub‐relativistic and relativistic electron precipitation, we present a method to extract the ionization rate altitude profiles using inverse theory. We use this estimation of ionization rate to find the energy distribution of the precipitating particles. With this inverse method, we are able to link ground measurements of electron density to the precipitating flux in a time dependent manner and with uncertainty in the inverted parameters. The method was tested on synthetic data and applied to specific PFISR data sets. The method is able to retrieve the ionization rate altitude profiles that, when forward modeled, return the expected electron densities within ∼7% error as compared to the PFISR data. For the case presented here, the arbitrary energy distribution inversion results are comparable in magnitude and shape to those presented in Turunen et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jd025015) for the inversion of a single event of pulsating aurora observed by EISCAT.
Ground Surface Temperature History Since the Last Glacial Maximum in Northeast Asia: Reconstructions From the Borehole Geotherms of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program
Authors: Jiang Guangzheng , Tian Yuntao , Lv Qingtian , Sandiford Mike , Shi Yizuo , Zou Changchun , Ma Feng , Deng Chenglong , He Lijuan , Hu Shengbiao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPast ground surface temperature (GST), one of the important aspects of paleoclimate reconstructions, can be inverted from borehole temperature measurements. Here, we report continuous 6,100‐m temperature logs in the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program SK‐2e. We inverted the past GST changes from upper borehole temperature logging (<600 m). Below this depth, localized fluid flow masks the paleoclimate record. Inversions yield an approximately 2 K GST rise since 0.1–0.6 Kyr BP and an approximately 10 K rise since 20 Kyr BP. Assuming a ±5 K influence from the deep groundwater flow, the inverted temperature rise has varied between 8 and 12 K since 20 Kyr BP, which is consistent with previous reports since the Last Glacial Maximum. Our results emphasize the potential of borehole heat‐flow profiles as a record of climate changes and the importance of climate correction for heat‐flow determinations.
Thank You to Our 2022 Reviewers
Authors: Schildgen Taylor , Aitchison Jonathan C. , Jolivet Laurent , Rusmore Margi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe the editors of Tectonics wish to express our sincere thanks to those of you who reviewed manuscripts for us in 2022. Science advances through open communication within the scientific community and trust in the integrity of scientific publications. Peer review is essential to scientific publication, helping to ensure that published work maintains the highest degree of rigor and integrity, is well communicated, accurately documented, appropriately placed in the context of prior work, and effectively archived for future usage. Considering our aim to ensure that all published work complies with FAIR data guidelines, we particularly appreciate the time reviewers have also spent on helping to improve data presentation and their suggestions for the best ways to ensure data reusability in the future. The 150 papers published in Tectonics in 2022 benefitted from the careful scrutiny and constructive criticism drawn from the expertise of 508 volunteer reviewers, who provided a total of 719 reviews. We thank you for helping Tectonics produce the high‐quality output that has helped us maintain a prominent position in scientific publishing for decades, and for the spirit of teamwork that makes the peer review process an asset in our community.
Transformation and survival in marginal zone lymphoma: a Finnish nationwide population-based study
Authors: Kalashnikov Ilja , Tanskanen Tomas , Viisanen Leevi , Malila Nea , Jyrkkiö Sirkku , Leppä Sirpa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMarginal zone lymphoma (MZL) is an indolent B-cell malignancy with heterogeneous anatomical and clinical presentation. While MZLs are generally associated with long survival, some patients experience histological transformation to aggressive large B-cell lymphoma. Population-based long-term data on the transformation of MZL is limited. We conducted a nationwide population-based study to estimate the risk of transformation and relative survival in patients diagnosed with MZL in Finland from 1995–2018. We identified a total of 1454 patients with MZL from the Finnish Cancer Registry (FCR). The cumulative incidence of transformation was 4.7% (95% CI, 3.6−6.2) at 10 years. The highest incidence of transformation was observed in the patients with splenic MZL (14.0%; 95% CI, 8.6−22.7). The transformation was associated with a substantially increased risk of death (HR, 5.18; 95% CI, 3.58–7.50). Ten-year relative survival was 79% (95% CI, 73‒83%). Transformation, nodal MZL subtype, and older age at diagnosis were associated with increased excess mortality, whereas patients diagnosed at a later calendar period had a lower excess risk of death. We conclude that transformation resulted in a substantially increased mortality irrespective of MZL subtype compared with the patients without transformation. Our results also suggest a reduction in excess mortality in recent years.
Early life nutrition affects the molecular ontogeny of testicular development in the young bull calf
Authors: Coen Stephen , Keogh Kate , Lonergan Pat , Fair Sean , Kenny David A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEnhanced early life nutrition accelerates sexual development in the bull calf through neuroendocrine-signalling mediated via the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis. Our aim was to assess the impact of contrasting feeding regimes in bull calves during the first 12 weeks of life on the testes transcriptome and proteome. Holstein–Friesian bull calves were offered either a high (HI) or moderate (MOD) plane of nutrition, designed to support target growth rates of 1.0 and 0.5 kg/day, respectively. At 12 weeks of age all calves were euthanized, testicular parenchyma sampled, and global transcriptome (miRNAseq and mRNAseq) and proteome analyses undertaken. Bioinformatic analyses revealed 7 differentially expressed (DE) miRNA and 20 DE mRNA. There were no differentially abundant proteins between the two dietary groups. Integration of omics results highlighted a potential role for the cadherin gene,CDH13, in earlier reproductive development. Furthermore, co-regulatory network analysis of the proteomic data revealed CDH13 as a hub protein within a network enriched for processes related to insulin, IGF-1, androgen and Sertoli cell junction signalling pathways as well as cholesterol biosynthesis. Overall, results highlight a potential role for CDH13 in mediating earlier reproductive development as a consequence of enhanced early life nutrition in the bull calf.