bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytoplankton diversity and chemotaxonomy in contrasting North Pacific ecosystems
Authors: Matek Antonija , Bosak Sunčica , Šupraha Luka , Neeley Aimee , Višić Hrvoje , Cetinić Ivona , Ljubešić Zrinka 
Published: January 2023

Background
Phytoplankton is the base of majority of ocean ecosystems. It is responsible for half of the global primary production, and different phytoplankton taxa have a unique role in global biogeochemical cycles. In addition, phytoplankton abundance and diversity are highly susceptible to climate induced changes, hence monitoring of phytoplankton and its diversity is important and necessary.

Methods
Water samples for phytoplankton and photosynthetic pigment analyses were collected in boreal winter 2017, along transect in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) and the California Current System (CCS). Phytoplankton community was analyzed using light and scanning electron microscopy and photosynthetic pigments by high-performance liquid chromatography. To describe distinct ecosystems, monthly average satellite data of MODIS Aqua Sea Surface temperature and Chlorophyll a concentration, as well as Apparent Visible Wavelength were used.

Results
A total of 207 taxa have been determined, mostly comprised of coccolithophores (35.5%), diatoms (25.2%) and dinoflagellates (19.5%) while cryptophytes, phytoflagellates and silicoflagellates were included in the group “others” (19.8%). Phytoplankton spatial distribution was distinct, indicating variable planktonic dispersal rates and specific adaptation to ecosystems. Dinoflagellates, and nano-scale coccolithophores dominated NPSG, while micro-scale diatoms, and cryptophytes prevailed in CCS. A clear split between CCS and NPSG is evident in dendogram visualising LINKTREE constrained binary divisive clustering analysis done on phytoplankton counts and pigment concentrations. Of all pigments determined, alloxanthin, zeaxanthin, divinyl chlorophyll b and lutein have highest correlation to phytoplankton counts.

Conclusion
Combining chemotaxonomy and microscopy is an optimal method to determine phytoplankton diversity on a large-scale transect. Distinct communities between the two contrasting ecosystems of North Pacific reveal phytoplankton groups specific adaptations to trophic state, and support the hypothesis of shift from micro- to nano-scale taxa due to sea surface temperatures rising, favoring stratification and oligotrophic conditions.
Serum Level of Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Amer Ahmed Said Anwar , Al-Sheikh Ekhlas Hussein Ibrahim , Fouda Mohammed Hosny Mohammed , El-Hefnawi Suzan Bayoumi 
Published: January 2023

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are on the rise owing to excessive fat consumption or hereditary factors. From infancy through old age, it is the leading cause of disease and mortality. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is an enzyme mostly excreted by macrophages and neutrophils from atherosclerotic plaque, which subsequently circulates in the circulation. We aimed to evaluate the relation between plasma level of LP-PLA2 and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD).
Methods: This retrospective randomized case control study was conducted on 60 cases aged ≥ 18 years, presented by any form of CAD than ten healthy adults to determine the relation between plasma level of LP-PLA2 and severity of CAD. All cases were subjected to the following: Full history taking such as Socio-demographic study including age, sex, occupation, complain, history of illness: Including family history of CAD, history of smoking, hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM).
Results: Significantly elevated LDL-C, LP-PLA2, and decreased HDL-C levels were also observed in patients with significant CAD. The HDL-C levels of individuals with CAD were significantly lower than those of healthy individuals. HDL-C levels in Control group (N=10) and CAD groups (SA=20, UA=20 and AMI=20) were 78.5, 38.95, 36.85, 32, respectively; there was highly significance relation between both group regarding HDL-C Level with (p-value=0.003). Plasma level of Lp-PLA2 was gradually elevated in parallel with the increased severity of CAD. There was highly significant difference among study groups regarding plasma level of Lp-PLA2. Lp-PLA2 plasma level in Control group (N=10) and CAD groups (SA=20, UA=20 and AMI=20) were 87.9, 216.95, 272.15, 379.95, respectively; (p-value=0.001) show gradually significant elevation. Lp-PLA2 level remained independently associated with coronary artery stenosis after adjustment for age, gender, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, LDL-C and HDL-C.
Conclusions: An increased plasma level of Lp-PLA2 is related with an unstable phenotype of coronary atherosclerotic plaque and a greater degree of coronary artery stenosis in individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD). Dynamic Lp-PLA2 monitoring may be predictive of cardiovascular disease risk. In recent years, there has been great interest in the capacity of Lp-PLA2 to predict and evaluate the prognosis of CVDs. In addition, Lp-PLA2 has been identified as an independent risk factor for the development and progression of coronary heart disease.
Absence of Improvement With Exercise in Some Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Qualitative Study of Responders and Nonresponders
Authors: Hinman Rana S. , Jones Sarah E. , Nelligan Rachel K. , Campbell Penelope K. , Hall Michelle , Foster Nadine E. , Russell Trevor , Bennell Kim L. 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveTo compare the perceptions of patients about why they did, or did not, respond to a physical therapist–supported exercise and physical activity program.MethodsThis was a qualitative study within a randomized controlled trial. Twenty‐six participants (of 40 invited) with knee osteoarthritis sampled according to response (n = 12 responders, and 14 nonresponders based on changes in both pain and physical function at 3 and 9 months after baseline) to an exercise and physical activity intervention. Semistructured individual interviews were conducted. Inductive thematic analysis was undertaken within each subgroup using grounded theory principles. A deductive approach compared themes and subthemes across subgroups. Findings were triangulated with quantitative data.Results(Sub)themes common to responders and nonresponders included the intervention components that facilitated engagement, personal attitudes and expectations, beliefs about osteoarthritis and exercise role, importance of adherence, and perceived strength gains with exercise. In contrast to responders who felt empowered to self‐manage, nonresponders accepted responsibility for lack of improvement in pain and function with exercise, acknowledging that their adherence to the intervention was suboptimal (confirmed by quantitative adherence data). Nonresponders believed that their excess body weight (supported by quantitative data) contributed to their outcomes, encountered exercise barriers (comorbidities, stressors, and life events), and perceived that the trial measurement tools did not adequately capture their response to exercise.ConclusionResponders and nonresponders shared some similar perceptions of exercise. However, along with perceived limitations in trial outcome measurements, nonresponders encountered challenges with excess weight, comorbidities, stressors, and life events that led to suboptimal adherence and collectively were perceived to contribute to nonresponse.
Cool Urbanism: The Radiant Exitance City
Authors: White Marcus , Yang Tianyi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUrban densification is affecting our quality of life – from vitamin D defi ciency due to not enough sunlight reaching us in the tall urban canyons that are created by high buildings, to urban heat islands disrupting our sleep, and many other causes of human irritation. Exploring the Radiant City famously proposed by Le Corbusier in 1930, Guest‐Editor Marcus White, together with Australian architect Tianyi Yang, a researcher and lecturer from Swinburne University of Technology and the University of Melbourne, investigate ways to make the model more workable with pencil‐thin towers.
The Promises of Postcolonial Utopias: Perspectives from the Global South
Authors: Banerjee Tridib 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe notion of ‘smart cities’, with their ubiquitous linked sharing of data and observation, can be both problematic and simultaneously utopian. Tridib Banerjee, Professor Emeritus of Public Policy at the University of Southern California (USC) where he previously held the James Irvine Chair in Urban and Regional Planning, explores the recent adoption of the concept, particularly in the Global South. Notably, Le Corbusier's modernist city of Chandigarh in India has just been named a smart city. What will this mean for law and order, culture, and urban vitality for its inhabitants in coming years?
Gene‐Directed FtsZ Ring Assembly Generates Constricted Liposomes with Stable Membrane Necks
Authors: Godino Elisa , Danelon Christophe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMimicking bacterial cell division in well‐defined cell‐free systems has the potential to elucidate the minimal set of proteins required for cytoskeletal formation, membrane constriction, and final abscission. Membrane‐anchored FtsZ polymers are often regarded as a sufficient system to realize this chain of events. By using purified FtsZ and its membrane‐binding protein FtsA or the gain‐of‐function mutant FtsA* expressed in PURE (Protein synthesis Using Reconstituted Elements) from a DNA template, it is shown in this study that cytoskeletal structures are formed, and yield constricted liposomes exhibiting various morphologies. However, the resulting buds remain attached to the parental liposome by a narrow membrane neck. No division events can be monitored even after long‐time tracking by fluorescence microscopy, nor when the osmolarity of the external solution is increased. The results provide evidence that reconstituted FtsA‐FtsZ proto‐rings coating the membrane necks are too stable to enable abscission. The prospect of combining a DNA‐encoded FtsZ system with assisting mechanisms to achieve synthetic cell division is discussed.
Reconfigurable and Broadband Polarimetric Photodetector
Authors: Li Sina , Zhang Jielian , Zhu Lingyu , Zhang Kai , Gao Wei , Li Jingbo , Huo Nengjie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe sensitive detection of light polarization besides the intensity and wavelength, can provide a new degree of freedom for more and clearer information of imaging targets in night, fog, and smoke environment. However, the conventional filter‐integrated polarimetric photodetectors suffer from the complicated fabrication process and limited spectral range. Herein, broadband and polarization‐sensitive photodetectors are achieved with reconfigurable operation mode, utilizing the linear dichroism and narrow band gap of 2D As0.4P0.6 with in‐plane anisotropic structure. In As0.4P0.6‐MoTe2 heterojunction device, both photo‐gating and photovoltaic modes are operated and switchable, contributing to high responsivity (1590 A W−1 at 405 nm and 14.7 A W−1 at 1550 nm) and ultrafast speed (25 µs) in the wide spectral band (405–1550 nm). Interestingly, an optical reversal is observed on both linear dichroism and polarimetric photocurrent due to the wavelength‐dependent polarization reverse nature of the As0.4P0.6 flakes. The dichroism ratio of photocurrent can be modulated from unity to ≈10 by varying the gate voltage, enabling the reconfigurable detection mode from polarization‐independence to polarization‐susceptibility. This study demonstrates a new prototype device comprising low symmetric van der Waals heterostructure, possessing the gate‐tunability on both photo‐gain and dichroism ratio, toward high performance, reconfigurable, broadband, and polarization‐resolved photodetection and imaging applications.
Pyridinic Nitrogen Sites Dominated Coordinative Engineering of Subnanometric Pd Clusters for Efficient Alkynes’ Semihydrogenation
Authors: Zhang Rui , Liu Zhilin , Zheng Shaohang , Wang Luoqi , Zhang Ling , Qiao Zhen‐An 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSupported metal catalysts have played an important role in optimizing selective semihydrogenation of alkynes for fine chemicals. There into, nitrogen‐doped carbons, as a type of promising support materials, have attracted extensive attentions. However, due to the general phenomenon of random doping for nitrogen species in the support, it is still atremendous challenge to finely identify which nitrogen configuration dominates the catalytic property of alkynes’ semihydrogenation. Herein, it is reported that uniform mesoporous N‐doped carbon spheres derived from mesoporous polypyrrole spheres are used as supports to immobilized subnanometric Pd clusters, which provide a particular platform to research the influence of nitrogen configurations on the alkynes’ semihydrogenation. Comprehensive experimental results and density functional theory calculation indicate that pyridinic nitrogen configuration dominates the catalytic behavior of Pd clusters. The high contents of pyridinic nitrogen sites offer abundant coordination sites, which greatly reduces the energy barrier of the rate‐determining reaction step and makes Pd clusters own high catalytic activity. The electron effect between pyridinic nitrogen sites and Pd clusters makes the reaction highly selective. Additionally, the good mesostructures also promote the fast transport of substrate. Based on the above, catalyst Pd@PPy‐600 exhibits high catalytic activity (99%) and selectivity (96%) for phenylacetylene (C8H6) semihydrogenation.
4D‐Printed Soft and Stretchable Self‐Folding Cuff Electrodes for Small‐Nerve Interfacing
Authors: Hiendlmeier Lukas , Zurita Francisco , Vogel Jonas , Del Duca Fulvia , Al Boustani George , Peng Hu , Kopic Inola , Nikić Marta , F. Teshima Tetsuhiko , Wolfrum Bernhard 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPeripheral nerve interfacing (PNI) has a high clinical potential for treating various diseases, such as obesity or diabetes. However, currently existing electrodes present challenges to the interfacing procedure, which limit their clinical application, in particular, when targeting small peripheral nerves (<200 µm). To improve the electrode handling and implantation, a nerve interface that can fold itself to a cuff around a small nerve, triggered by the body moisture during insertion, is fabricated. This folding is achieved by printing a bilayer of a flexible polyurethane printing resin and a highly swelling sodium acrylate hydrogel using photopolymerization. When immersed in an aqueous liquid, the hydrogel swells and folds the electrode softly around the nerve. Furthermore, the electrodes are robust, can be stretched (>20%), and bent to facilitate the implantation due to the use of soft and stretchable printing resins as substrates and a microcracked gold film as conductive layer. The straightforward implantation and extraction of the electrode as well as stimulation and recording capabilities on a small peripheral nerve in vivo are demonstrated. It is believed that such simple and robust to use self‐folding electrodes will pave the way for bringing PNI to a broader clinical application.
Plasmonic Properties of SrVO3 Bulk and Nanostructures
Authors: Su Chia‐Ping , Ruotsalainen Kari , Nicolaou Alessandro , Gatti Matteo , Gloter Alexandre 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCorrelated metals, such as SrVO3 (SVO) or SrNbO3, are promising materials for optical devices such as transparent conductors. Here, a real‐space and reciprocal‐space electron‐energy‐loss‐spectroscopy (EELS) investigation of SVO bulk and nanostructures is reported. An intense 1.35 eV excitation with a weak energy dispersion is observed in the loss function and is attributed to a bulk plasmonic excitation from the 3d‐t2g orbitals. Ab initio calculations done within a time‐dependent density functional theory framework reveal that a 1.5 band renormalization is sufficient to reproduce quantitatively this d–d plasmon energy and dispersion. The corresponding localized surface plasmon (LSP) peaks are measured by EELS on various nanostructures and are compared to finite‐difference time‐domain simulations. These LSPs exhibit quality factors above canonical materials (e.g., indium tin oxide) in the near‐infrared regime, demonstrating that SVO is also a material of high interest for plasmonic applications. Finally, by phasing out the surface plasmon contribution with EELS collected at minute off‐dipolar conditions, the bulk‐type plasmonic values are retrieved with nanometrical resolution. Core–shelled electronic structures are then observed for nanorods designed by focused ion beam (FIB), revealing a bandgap opening due to FIB damage. It is envisioned that similar bulk measurement can be feasible for most of the transition metal oxide nanostructures.
Covalent Organic Framework Nanobowls as Activatable Nanosensitizers for Tumor‐Specific and Ferroptosis‐Augmented Sonodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Shanshan , Xia Shujun , Chen Liang , Chen Yu , Zhou Jianqiao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted increasing attention for biomedical applications. COFs‐based nanosensitizers with uniform nanoscale morphology and tumor‐specific curative effects are in high demand; however, their synthesis is yet challenging. In this study, distinct COF nanobowls are synthesized in a controlled manner and engineered as activatable nanosensitizers with tumor‐specific sonodynamic activity. High crystallinity ensures an ordered porous structure of COF nanobowls for the efficient loading of the small‐molecule sonosensitizer rose bengal (RB). To circumvent non‐specific damage to normal tissues, the sonosensitization effect is specifically inhibited by the in situ growth of manganese oxide (MnOx) on RB‐loaded COFs. Upon reaction with tumor‐overexpressed glutathione (GSH), the “gatekeeper” MnOx is rapidly decomposed to recover the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capability of the COF nanosensitizers under ultrasound irradiation. Increased intracellular ROS stress and GSH consumption concomitantly induce ferroptosis to improve sonodynamic efficacy. Additionally, the unconventional bowl‐shaped morphology renders the nanosensitizers with enhanced tumor accumulation and retention. The combination of tumor‐specific sonodynamic therapy and ferroptosis achieves high efficacy in killing cancer cells and inhibiting tumor growth. This study paves the way for the development of COF nanosensitizers with unconventional morphologies for biomedicine, offering a paradigm to realize activatable and ferroptosis‐augmented sonodynamic tumor therapy.
Who has to act? A qualitative exploration of emerging adults' critical consciousness during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Quiles Taina B. , Hoyt Lindsay T. , Dotson Miranda P. , Castro Elena Maker , May Madeline , Cohen Alison K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic and violence against people of Color during 2020 brought troubling racial inequities to the forefront of American discourse. In line with the Critical Consciousness (CC) and Social Justice Youth Development (SJYD) frameworks, emerging adults may have developed their capacity for critical reflection, motivation, and action against systemic inequities. We drew from interviews with 27 emerging adults (ages 18–23) across the US, and used thematic analysis to explore differences in their reflections, motivations to act, and actions based on their racial/ethnic identification. We found nuanced variability in their critical reflections based on self, social, or global awareness and experiences of marginalization. White and Asian emerging adults used vague language or expressed feeling their reflections were insufficient. Black and Latinx emerging adults emphasized the importance of education and raising awareness. Although all emerging adults took action based on a sense of duty, few engaged in critical action; decisions to take in‐person action varied based on whether they viewed racism or COVID‐19 as a greater threat. Findings demonstrate that emerging adults' experiences of racialization may have related to their CC development. We share implications for community psychologists conducting antiracist research addressing White fragility and dismantling racial hierarchy.
Clinical outcomes and prognostic risk factors of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children: Results from the BCH‐LCH 2014 protocol study
Authors: Cui Lei , Wang Chan‐Juan , Lian Hong‐Yun , Zhang Li , Ma Hong‐Hao , Wang Dong , Chen Fen‐Fen , Zhang Qing , Yang Ying , Wei Ang , Huang Xiao‐Tong , Zhu Ting , Wang Tian‐You , Li Zhi‐Gang , Zhang Rui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare myeloid neoplasm mainly affecting young children. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of 449 pediatric patients enrolled in the BCH‐LCH 2014 study. 52.6% of patients were classified with single‐system (SS) LCH, 28.1% with multisystem (MS) risk organ negative (RO−) LCH, and 19.4% with MS RO+ LCH. Three hundred ninety‐six patients (88.2%) were initially treated with first‐line therapy based on the vindesine‐prednisone combination. One hundred thirty‐nine patients who lacked a response to initial treatment were shifted to second‐line therapy, 72 to intensive treatment Arm S1 (a combination of cytarabine, cladribine, vindesine, and dexamethasone), and 67 to Arm S2 (without cladribine). The 5‐year overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and relapse rates were 98.2% (median: 97.6 months), 54.6% (median: 58.3 months), and 29.9%, respectively. MS RO+ patients had the worst prognosis among the three clinical subtypes. For the patients initially treated with first‐line therapy, the 5‐year OS, PFS, and relapse rates were 99.2%, 54.5%, and 29.3%, respectively. Patients in Arm S1 had a significantly better prognosis than patients in Arm S2 (5‐year PFS: 69.2% vs. 46.5%, p = .042; relapse rate: 23.4% vs. 44.2%, p = .031). Multivariate analysis revealed that early treatment response, the involvement of RO, skin, and oral mucosa, as well as laboratory parameters, including CRP and γ‐GT, were independent risk factors for the PFS of LCH. Thus, the prognosis of LCH in children has been improved significantly with stratified chemotherapy, and progression and relapse remained the challenges, especially for RO+ patients.
Incidence of adverse events for procedural sedation and analgesia for cardioversion using thiopental in elderly patients: a multicenter prospective observational study
Authors: Hayashi Minoru , Norii Tatsuya , Albright Danielle , Crandall Cameron 
Published: January 2023

AimThe incidence and characteristics of thiopental‐related adverse events (AEs) in elderly patients during procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) have not been well studied. We aimed to characterize thiopental‐related AE in elderly patients during PSA and compare the incidence of AE in elderly patients with non‐elderly adults.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of the Japanese Procedural Sedation and Analgesia Registry (JPSTAR). We included all adult patients who received thiopental for PSA in the emergency departments and excluded patients who received concomitant sedative(s) in addition to thiopental or patients with missing body weight data. We compared the incidence of AE between the non‐elderly (18–64 years) and elderly groups (≥65 years).ResultsThe JPSTAR had data on 379 patients who received thiopental for PSA and included 311 patients for analysis. Most (222/311, 71.3%) were elderly. Cardioversion was the most common reason for PSA (96.1%). The AE incidence between groups overall was similar, however, hypoxia was significantly more frequent in the elderly compared with the non‐elderly group (10.3% versus 2.2%; adjusted odds 5.63, 95% confidence interval 1.27–25.0). The initial and total doses of thiopental were significantly lower in the elderly group than in the non‐elderly group (1.95 mg/kg versus 2.21 mg/kg and 2.33 mg/kg versus 2.93 mg/kg, respectively).ConclusionsAlthough elderly patients received lower doses of thiopental, hypoxic events were significantly more frequent in this group compared with the non‐elderly patients. However, the AE incidence was similar.