bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Honoring and Preserving Culture Through Indigenous Cultural Generative Acts to Reduce Generative Mismatch and Improve the Health of All Generations
Authors: Lewis Jordan P. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The gerontological literature predominantly focuses on aging-related losses and less on the gifts people acquire as they age. Alaska Native Elders have experienced a lifetime of adversity but have also remained resilient. One characteristics of successful aging among Alaska Native Elders is their commitment and passion for sharing their teachings with the youth. Generativity is concerned with using personal resources to improve the quality of life for future generations. Although not commonly used in gerontological social work research, it is a cultural practice among Indigenous Elders. For this chapter, 108 interviews with Alaska Native Elders explored successful aging. This chapter examines how generativity can be adapted to meet the changing needs and desires of the younger generations and bridge the generative mismatch happening between generations. It also explores innovative and culturally responsive ways to teach the youth and provide a sense of purpose and meaning for Elders.
Reigniting the Indigenous Spirit
Authors: Albert Jason , Walker Susannah , Kewistep Gilbert 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the importance of Indigenous elders to Indigenous organizations and the role and responsibilities they have within these organizations. It discusses the differences between a mainstream organization and an Indigenous organization and ways in which to make an Indigenous organization reflective of the Indigenous culture and practice. Indigenous elders are the hub of Indigenous society and should be reflected as such, but there may be issues due to the historical nature of Indigenous people, and these could present some concerns within Indigenous organizations. A proposal of eight workshops, divided into two separate groups consisting of four workshops each, which are elder led, addresses the different parameters, concerns, and issues that exist and provides a solution to working within and having a healthy Indigenous organization.
The Chinese Global in the Long Postwar
Authors: Mitter Rana 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter traces changing Chinese ideas of the “global” as expressed through successive ideas of the place of China in world order: Jiang Tingfu’s vision for postwar China in the Bretton Woods era, Mao Zedong’s idea of the Three Worlds, Deng Xiaoping’s notion of a more restrained Chinese influence, and the new embrace of the global by Xi Jinping in the twenty-first century. Today two major discourses seek to portray China as a foundational member of the global order: the idea of a “civilizational state” drawing on China’s longer historical trajectory, and the concept of China as a “postwar” state whose contribution to World War II sustains its claim to ownership of the post-1945 order. Beyond its variations, the Chinese discourse has constantly displayed a search for a narrative that defines China’s role in the global order not just as a matter of power, but of moral standing in an anarchic world.
Inequality, Development, and Global Distributive Justice
Authors: Adelman Jeremy 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the late nineteenth century what is now called the Global South produced a narrative about its place in the wider world economy as backward and underdeveloped. Yet the sense of being on the periphery evolved into a critique of the world economy and claims for redistribution from the world’s wealthy societies to the underdeveloped world as a way to “catch up.” The call for redistribution became a narrative for global justice, simultaneously a critique of capitalism and a source of pressure for new institutions and policies. The idea of redistributive justice was the driving force behind that of development, from its origins in the 1930s to the first decade of the twenty-first century, and a narrative of empowerment. Development was for global distributive justice what welfarism and socialism were to the idea of national distributive justice. As such, the two had a coiled history from the 1880s, reaching a peak in the 1960s, and in simultaneous retreat ever since.
The Anti-Dollar Gold Rush
Authors: McDowell Daniel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Chapter 4 presents analyses exploring the link between US financial sanctions and the buildup of physical gold reserves. After documenting how central bank gold purchases have increased since the global financial crisis of 2008, the chapter explains how gold operates as a form of insurance against potential US sanctions. The case of Venezuela’s embattled Maduro regime illustrates this point, revealing why investments in gold can be understood as an anti-dollar policy. The chapter then presents a statistical model demonstrating the link between US sanctions and increases in gold holdings. Gold reserves grew faster among sanctioned states and those facing an elevated risk of sanctions than among non-sanctioned and low-risk states. Additional illustrations show that sanctions are associated with a decline in foreign holdings of US Treasury bonds, which implies that sanctions provoked actual de-dollarization of reserves.
Act II—The Storm Breaks, 1986–1995
Authors: Nathanson Constance A. , Bergeron Henri 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Most of the decisions later interpreted in France as scandalous—delay in authorizing HIV blood testing and heat treatment of blood products, failure to recall blood products known to be contaminated—were made in the spring of 1985 by those charged with responsibility for the blood supply, meeting behind closed doors. These previously unpublicized and invisible actions became visible to the eye of the French public in early 1991 with profound societal repercussions. This chapter describes how this story emerged from the shadows and its immediate legal and political outcomes. The principal event during this period in the United States was publication in 1995 of the IOM report, HIV and the Blood Supply, and even this report, despite its clear—although extremely low key—evidence of failure at the national level, received minimal public attention.
Hollow Applause (ver.di)
Authors: McAlevey Jane F. , Lawlor Abby 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter covers the renegotiation of wages for nurses and other healthcare workers at Berlin’s public hospitals during the COVID-19 infections in Germany in 2020. It highlights how Berlin’s two major public hospital systems, Vivantes and Charité, had been chronically understaffed before the pandemic struck. The understaffing issue only got worse following the COVID-19 pandemic response. The TVӧD (Tarifvertrag für den öffentlichen Dienst) is a national sectoral bargaining agreement negotiated by trade union Vereinte Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft, known as ver.di. The chapter explains the agreements being finally ratified by around 2,300 union members, citing that the campaign’s two demands of staffing and paid days had been largely achieved.
Some Features of Grounding
Authors: deRosset Louis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, the sources of insight identified in Chapter 1 are deployed to develop a rudimentary theory of grounding which outlines some of its basic features. Each of these features has been, to varying degrees, the subject of controversy in the grounding literature. In some cases, the author wades into the controversy and offers reasons for favoring one side or the other. However, in many cases that have figured centrally in the grounding literature, he shows that the controversy can be sidestepped for the purposes of deploying the theory of grounding for articulating the idea that nature is structured into layers. So, those controversies that can be sidestepped may not have the significance for the applications of the theory of grounding that one might have hoped or feared.
Hollow Truth
Authors: deRosset Louis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter applies the theory of grounding to the question of the nature of truth. A raft of new philosophical problems concerning truth have recently been discovered by several theorists, following Kit Fine. Most previous commentators on these problems have taken them to shed light on the theory of ground. This chapter argues that they also shed light on the theory of truth. In particular, the chapter shows that the notion of ground can be deployed to clearly articulate one strand of deflationary thinking about truth, according to which truth is “metaphysically lightweight.” The resulting deflationary view solves the problems. In this way, the theory of truth and the theory of ground interact fruitfully: we can apply the notion of ground to offer a clear explication of the deflationist claim that truth is “metaphysically lightweight” that both captures the motivations for that claim and solves the problems.
Structure, Physical Knowledge, and Ignorance
Authors: Alter Torin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Chapter 3 argues that considerations about structure help answer three objections to the claim that Mary learns new truths when she is released: one due to Horgan and others, one due to Stoljar and others, and one due to Kirk, Montero, and others. Each of the three objections aims at refuting one of the three claims underlying the knowledge argument’s first main step, the inference from the Mary case to the epistemic gap: the complete-physical-knowledge claim, on which pre-release Mary learns the complete physical truth from her science lessons; the Mary-would-know claim, on which pre-release Mary can deduce any phenomenal truth that is deducible from the complete physical truth; and the learning claim, on which upon release Mary learns new truths about what it is like to see in color.
Phenomenal Representation
Authors: Alter Torin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter defends the knowledge argument from an objection developed by Jackson himself, and a related objection developed by Derk Pereboom. According to Jackson, the argument from the Mary case to the epistemic gap loses its force once we recognize the truth of representationalism, the theory that phenomenal character consists in representational character. In response, the chapter explains how the argument from the Mary case to the epistemic gap can be reformulated in representationalist terms without compromising the argument’s force. Pereboom’s objection concerns the idea that introspective representations are inaccurate. In response, it is argued that there is insufficient evidence for a sort of introspective misrepresentation that would threaten the knowledge argument.
Why France Was Unaffected by the Austrian Codification of Administrative Procedure
Authors: Auby Jean-Bernard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Austrian 1925 General Administrative Procedure Act has had very little resonance in French administrative law scholarship. This was for two reasons. First, French administrative law has traditionally been reluctant to focus on administrative procedure: procedure in administrative courts has always been considered a more important concern. Second, while French law is normally quite hospitable to codifications, it has, until recently (2015), resisted all attempts to codify administrative procedure. This second reason is not totally independent of the first one, since the supreme administrative court—the Conseil d’Etat—has always been the main opponent to any codification of administrative procedure.
WHAT DOES CARBON DIOXIDE DO IN THE ATMOSPHERE?
Authors: Dolman Han 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe tell the story of how a tiny molecule absorbs radiation and thereby affects the temperature of the whole planet. The astronomer Herschel around 1800 discovered infrared radiation, radiation beyond the visible part of the spectrum containing heat. His successors Maxwell and Planck identified radiation as electromagnetic waves. Infrared radiation emitted by the Earth has a longer wavelength and carries less energy than visible radiation coming from the sun. Joseph Fourier realized that the Earth’s temperature resulted from the balance between these two sources. In 1856 the pioneering American female scientist Eunice Foote discovered that different gases, such as CO2, have an impact on the temperature of the air when put under different forms of radiation. This is the discovery of the Greenhouse Effect, often wrongly attributed to the Irishman John Tyndall. The Swede Svante Arrhenius (1896) was initially interested in trying to explain differences in temperature between an ice age and the periods in between with little or no ice. By performing hundreds of thousands of calculations, he was able to conclude that small changes in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere could cause the changing temperatures. He then went on to show that burning fossil fuels produced a steady increase in atmospheric CO2, which could also increase the Earth’s temperature. Guy Callendar, in 1938, improved Arrhenius’ calculations and made new predictions of how much the temperature would increase if humans continued to burn fossil fuel. Climate Science was born.
THE WORLD COMES SLOWLY INTO ACTION
Authors: Dolman Han 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTwenty years after the Stockholm conference, the world’s leaders met again, in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. They agreed on the establishment of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This convention aimed to establish rules and regulations to combat climate change, based on the premise of ‘common but differentiated responsibilities’. The goal was to stabilize climate; at what level and how needed to be negotiated at annual Conferences of the Parties. In 1997 the Kyoto protocol was negotiated in which developed countries agreed to reduce their emissions compared to 1990. The Kyoto protocol ended in 2012 and a new agreement needed to be negotiated. In 2015 the French organizers of COP 21 prepared the meeting well and managed to secure a legally binding agreement, the Paris Agreement. This set out to limit the global temperature rise to no more than 1.5°C and certainly below 2°C. The Paris Agreement came into force in 2016. In Glasgow, the world leaders met again at COP 26 in 2021 to discuss how to implement the Paris agreement and ensure transfer of funds to the developed world to help adaptation to climate change. The important discussion in the end was whether to ‘phase out’ or ‘phase down’ fossil fuel burning. It was phasing down, a disappointment to many of the negotiators and certainly to the general public and activists that had become ever more vocal in their frustration at the slow pace at which the world was dealing with the climate crisis.
Eliza Scidmore
Authors: Parsell Diana P. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Born on the American frontier just before the Civil War, Eliza Ruhamah Scidmore (1856–1928) grew from modest beginnings to become one of the most celebrated women of her day as a far-roaming travel writer who brought the world alive for readers back home. She popularized Alaska tourism and educated Americans about Japan and the wider Far East at a time of expanding interest in people and places across the Pacific. In her best-known legacy she carried home a big idea that helped shape the face of modern Washington by pushing—for twenty-five years—the planting of Japanese cherry trees in Potomac Park. Scidmore was a female “Forrest Gump” who rubbed elbows with many famous people and bore witness to important events in the dynamic period from the Gilded Age to World War I. At the early National Geographic, she made a lasting mark as the first woman to serve on its board and to publish photographs in the magazine. She was active in the burgeoning U.S. conservation movement in association with John Muir and others. Her published work includes books on Alaska, Japan, Java, China, and India; hundreds of articles in U.S. newspapers and magazines; and a novel based on the Russo–Japanese War. This deeply researched biography, which draws heavily on Scidmore’s published work and letters, reveals for the first time the story of a historically important but long-overlooked woman whose life offers a fascinating lens through which to view U.S. and Asian history.
Inside Passage to Glacier Bay
Authors: Parsell Diana P. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Influenced by the naturalist John Muir’s explorations of Alaska’s glaciers, Eliza Scidmore makes her own journey to the territory in the summer of 1883, on what becomes a historic voyage. She travels aboard the Idaho mail steamer under Captain James Carroll. In a series of dispatches for the St. Louis Globe–Democrat, she chronicles the thousand-mile journey along the Inside Passage, with stops at settlements along the coast of British Columbia and southeastern Alaska. When the ship makes a spontaneous detour, Scidmore and her fellow passengers become the first tourists to visit the newly named Glacier Bay and to see the magnificent glaciers reported by Muir and native Alaskans. The journey and another trip the following summer provide material for Scidmore’s first book, the 1885 travelogue Alaska: Its Southern Coast and the Sitkan Archipelago, now widely considered the first guidebook on Alaska. Today, a mountain and glacier are named for her.
The Potomac Flats
Authors: Parsell Diana P. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the fall of 1883, Eliza Scidmore’s newspaper work takes her to the top of the unfinished Washington Monument to report on a Potomac River shoreline reclamation project that will lead to the creation of Potomac Park, currently the site of D.C.’s famed Japanese cherry trees. The park will rise on formerly marshy ground known as the Potomac flats. Because of flooding and malaria health concerns, Congress ordered the Army Corp of Engineers to fill in the foul-smelling flats and convert the reclaimed land—roughly 700 acres—for public use. Scidmore’s reporting on the project for the St. Louis Globe–Democrat gives her an early overview of an area she will later deem perfect for planting Japanese cherry trees, an idea inspired by her travels to Japan beginning in 1885.
Among the Scientists
Authors: Parsell Diana P. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The year 1890 is a seminal one for Eliza Scidmore as she resumes her travel reporting on Alaska after six years, joins the National Geographic Society, and begins the most important professional relationship of her career by pitching a story idea to Richard Watson Gilder, editor of the prestigious magazine The Century. She takes up photography around this time, two years after the revolutionary Kodak box camera was introduced. Arriving in the Pacific Northwest, Scidmore discovers a newly born Alaska cruise industry, fueled in part by her own popular 1885 book on Alaska. In Glacier Bay she meets up with John Muir, doing field work there for the summer. Two recent articles by Muir in The Century help spark public and political interest in wilderness protection, laying the groundwork for the U.S. conservation movement in which Scidmore will play an activist role.
“Miss Scidmore, of Everywhere”
Authors: Parsell Diana P. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the 1890s, a part-time home in Japan with her mother and brother gives Eliza Scidmore a base to report from across the Far East. She and her mother join the Japanese craze for cultivating artistic varieties of morning glories (asagao). She grows so expert on asagao that she publishes a thirty-two-page paper and lectures on the subject in London. When a deadly tsunami occurs off the Sanriku Coast of northeast Japan in the summer of 1896, killing 20,000 people, Scidmore writes about the disaster for National Geographic, introducing its readers to the Japanese term tsunami. After the outbreak of the Spanish–American War, she goes to the Philippines to scope out story ideas. She arrives in Manila only hours before fighting breaks out between U.S. troops and nationalists led by Emilio Aguinaldo, the start of a bloody conflict that will cause more casualties than the war itself.
An Ally in the White House
Authors: Parsell Diana P. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A breakthrough in Eliza Scidmore’s long-time efforts to have Japanese cherry trees planted in Potomac Park comes in the spring of 1909, after the election of President William Howard Taft. A month after entering the White House, his wife, Helen, sets out to build a bandstand in Potomac Park for public concerts along the river, an idea inspired by “the Luneta,” a public park she enjoyed in Manila. Events unfold quickly as Scidmore writes a note urging the first lady to include cherry trees in the project. Mrs. Taft quickly gets on board. Through Scidmore’s influence, a wealthy Japanese chemist in New York, Jokichi Tokamine, offers 2,000 cherry trees, a gift Scidmore mediates with Mrs. Taft. Just as arrangements are being negotiated, Helen Taft suffers a stroke that will curtail her activities over the next year.
The Ancient Edifice
Authors: Lok Matthijs 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The first chapter (‘The Ancient Edifice’) begins with the Manual of the Political System and its Colonies (1809) by the Göttingen historian Arnold Heeren, a telling example of the ‘historical Europeanism’ studied in this book. The overarching focus of the book will be outlined, along with the contribution of the study to the scholarly debates on historical thought, the politics of the (Counter-)Enlightenment and enlightened cosmopolitanism, and finally, (Counter-)Revolution and conservative Europeanism. The study is situated in various (English, German, and French) historiographical traditions. Finally, the selection of the protagonists, and the limitations of this selection, is explained.
Thinking Inside the Box: The Promise and Boundaries of Transparency in Automated Decision-Making
Authors: Koivisto Ida 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The normative attractivity of transparency is beyond compare. No wonder it is one of the main principles in the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation. It also features in most AI ethics codes. Transparency is called for because it is assumed that it will solve the so-called ‘black box problem’ (uncertainty about how inputs translate into outputs in algorithmic systems) and by so doing legitimize automated decision-making (computer-based decision-making without human influence; ADM). In this chapter, the legitimizing effect of transparency in ADM is discussed. It is argued that transparency cannot deliver in its quest to resolve the black box problem. The main claim is that transparency is inherently performative in nature and cannot but be so. This performativity goes against the promise of unmediated visibility, vested in transparency. As demonstrated, when transparency is brought into the context of ADM, its hidden functioning logic becomes visible in a new way.
Afterword
Authors: Vavoula Niovi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The afterword broadly discusses the need for EU digital regulation to be ‘future-proofed’. Considering the various areas discussed in each chapter of the volume—data protection in relation to other recent legislative initiatives, algorithmic transparency of the so-called ‘black box’, legal protection by design in automated decision-making, the functioning of EU interoperability and the rules of data sharing, the avenues for accountability in the EU architecture of data-led security—the risk of an instrumental use of technology that is excessive in legal terms is highlighted. The chapter points out how this might be accentuated through the shifting boundaries of EU law. EU digital regulatory initiatives challenge the preservation of EU values and fundamental rights. At the same time, new regulation is part of digital transformation, the legitimacy of which is under fire.