bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthy and Respectful Relationship Education: Differences by Disability Status and Associations With Sexual Abuse
Authors: Newby‐Kew Abigail , Horner‐Johnson Willi 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDEducation about healthy and respectful relationships (HRR) is a key component of comprehensive sexual health curricula and is supposed to be universally provided in Oregon. This study: (1) assesses the extent to which high school students with disabilities received HRR education, and (2) examines associations between HRR education and experiences of sexual abuse.METHODSUsing data from the 2019 Oregon Healthy Teens survey, we conducted multivariable Poisson regression to compare 11th grade students with and without disabilities on self‐reported receipt of school based HRR instruction (N = 10,992), and to measure associations between HRR education and sexual abuse experiences among teens with (N = 3736) and without (N = 7256) disabilities.RESULTSStudents with disabilities were 41% more likely than students without disabilities to say they had never been taught in school about HRR (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.41, 95% confidence interval: 1.25‐156). Experiences of sexual abuse victimization were more common for all students who did not receive HRR education (34.1% vs 21.6% among students with disabilities; 16.2% vs 7.5% among students without disabilities).CONCLUSIONSStudents with disabilities are less likely to have received school‐based HRR education than their peers without disabilities. Providing inclusive HRR education may help reduce risk of sexual abuse and is essential for addressing health disparities affecting youth with disabilities.
Adolescents with chronic conditions: Engagement with children's mental health systems during the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Courtwright Suzanne E. , Jones Jacqueline , Barton Amy , Peterson Kerry , Eigen Karen , Feuerstein Jessica , Pawa Anil , Pawa Akhil , Northridge Jennifer , Pall Harpreet 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeThe Covid‐19 pandemic contributed to adverse adolescent mental health outcomes globally. Adolescents with chronic conditions have four times the odds of self‐harm than peers. Little evidence exists to guide pediatric nurses on how to engage this vulnerable population with mental health support as the pandemic continues. In adults with chronic conditions, positive health assets (health access literacy, health self‐efficacy, and emotional well‐being) are directly related to improved patient engagement. The objective of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of engagement with mental health supports in adolescents with chronic conditions to inform practice.Design and MethodsUsing mixed methods, we surveyed and interviewed adolescents with chronic conditions aged 10–20 years. Random sampling was applied to avoid bias. Valid and reliable scales were used to measure health access literacy, health self‐efficacy, and emotional well‐being. Textual data were collected using a semistructured interview guide. Integrated data analysis was conducted using structural equation models and interpretive phenomenology.ResultsOne hundred fifty‐four participants provided numerical data and 17 participants provided textual data (mean age 15.5 years; 56% female, 5.8% agender; 56% White; 16.9% Black or African American, 4.5% Asian; 51.9% Hispanic or Latinx; 23.4% LGBTQ+). The structural model was an acceptable fit for the data (comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.97, Tucker–Lewis index [TLI] = 0.95). Participants reported higher levels of health access literacy (M = 3.88, SD = 0.848) than health self‐efficacy (M = 2.98, SD = 0.646), and engagement (M = 1.78, SD = 1.71). Health access literacy predicted emotional well‐being (β = .33, p < .001, 95% confidence interval [CI] [.20, .50]) and health self‐efficacy (β = .52, p < .001, 95% CI [0.42, .062]). Emotional well‐being positively predicted health self‐efficacy (β = .21, p < .003, 90% CI [0.10, 0.033]). Health self‐efficacy predicted engagement (β = .20, p < .01, 90% CI [0.07, 0.034]). Participants reported not engaging until “it was really, really bad” citing fear, stigma, and lack of connectedness with providers as barriers.Practice ImplicationsRegardless of health access literacy and health self‐efficacy, adolescents with chronic conditions may not engage until crisis levels. Pediatric nurses can aim to engage with this vulnerable population proactively.
A heterozygous mutation in ITGB4 causing a mild phenotype of junctional epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Li Zhongtao , Wang Lin , Wang Sheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMutations in ITGB4 are known to cause autosomal recessive junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB), which is manifested by severe blistering and granulation tissue, usually complicating pyloric atresia and even leading to death. ITGB4‐associated autosomal dominant epidermolysis bullosa has rarely been documented. Herein, we identified a heterozygous pathogenic variant (c.433G>T; p.Asp145Tyr) in ITGB4 causing a mild phenotype of JEB in a Chinese family.
To obey or not to obey? Can game theory explain human behavior in the context of coronavirus disease?
Authors: Arbel Yuval , Arbel Yifat , Kerner Amichai , Kerner Miryam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe objective of the current study is to explain noncompliance to social distancing rules in Western societies in the absence of a stringent law enforcement mechanism and vaccines. In the first part of the analysis, an evolutionary game theory mechanism of two players is developed. The theoretical model assumes the existence of the prisoner's dilemma due to personal inconveniences associated with mask wearing, hand washing, and lockdowns. The model demonstrates that in the absence of sufficient law enforcement mechanism, and regardless of the initial strategy undertaken, one of the three potential equilibria solutions is the convergence of the system to defection of both players. In the second part of the analysis, based on the freedom‐house measures, we provide empirical evidence supporting the notion that law enforcement efficiency is higher in autocratic countries. We show the perseverance of higher projected infection rates per 100,000 persons in democratic countries even 8 months after the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Given the well‐known inclination to cooperate more often than expected by game theory, this real‐life outcome of noncompliance is remarkable. Moreover, the recent protests against lockdowns in China might reflect a shift from one equilibrium point (cooperation) to another (noncompliance).
Sheriffs, right‐wing extremism, and the limits of U.S. federalism during a crisis
Authors: Farris Emily M. , Holman Mirya R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundDuring the COVID‐19 crisis, sheriffs across the country vocally refused to implement mask mandates.ObjectivesIn this note, we argue that resistance to mask mandates emerged out of successful efforts to recruit sheriffs into right‐wing extremism (RWE) and its foundations in white supremacy, nativism, and anti‐government extremism.MethodsWe draw on upon historical analysis and a national survey of sheriffsResultsWe show how RWE movements recruited sheriffs and that a substantial share of sheriffs adopted RWE attitudes. We argue that this radicalization of county sheriffs primes them to resist a core component of federalism: mandates by supra governments. We identify a relationship between sheriffs. RWE attitudes and their resistance to enforcing COVID‐19 mask mandates.ConclusionOur work demonstrates the importance of considering the implications of violent extremism in the United States, particularly as it aligns with local law enforcement.
Decoding fMRI alcohol cue reactivity and its association with drinking behaviour
Authors: Tan Haoye , Gerchen Martin Fungisai , Bach Patrick , Lee Alycia M , Hummel Oliver , Sommer Wolfgang , Kirsch Peter , Kiefer Falk , Vollstädt-Klein Sabine 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundCue reactivity, the enhanced sensitivity to conditioned cues, is associated with habitual and compulsive alcohol consumption. However, most previous studies in alcohol use disorder (AUD) compared brain activity between alcohol and neutral conditions, solely as cue-triggered neural reactivity.ObjectiveThis study aims to find the neural subprocesses during the processing of visual alcohol cues in AUD individuals, and how these neural patterns are predictive for relapse.MethodsUsing cue reactivity and rating tasks, we separately modelled the patterns decoding the processes of visual object recognition and reward appraisal of alcohol cues with representational similarity analysis, and compared the decoding involvements (ie, distance between neural responses and hypothesised decoding models) between AUD and healthy individuals. We further explored connectivity between the identified neural systems and the whole brain and predicted relapse within 6 months using decoding involvements of the neural patterns.FindingsAUD individuals, compared with healthy individuals, showed higher involvement of motor-related brain regions in decoding visual features, and their reward, habit and executive networks were more engaged in appraising reward values. Connectivity analyses showed the involved neural systems were widely connected with higher cognitive networks during alcohol cue processing in AUD individuals, and decoding involvements of frontal eye fields and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex could contribute to relapse prediction.ConclusionsThese findings provide insight into how AUD individuals differently decode alcohol cues compared with healthy participants, from the componential processes of visual object recognition and reward appraisal.Clinical implicationsThe identified patterns are suggested as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in AUD.
Cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection within the homeless population: insights from a city-wide longitudinal study
Authors: Mosnier Emilie , Loubiere Sandrine , Monfardini Elisabetta , Alibert Agathe , Landier Jordi , Ninoves Laeticia , Bosetti Thomas , Auquier Pascal , Mosnier Marine , Wakap Stephanie Nguengang , Warszawski Josiane , Tinland Aurelie 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cohort of homeless people using survival analysis. Seroprevalence in the homeless community was also compared with that of the general population.DesignCohort study.SettingData were collected across two testing sessions, 3 months apart, during which each participant was tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and completed a face-to-face survey.ParticipantsAll homeless adults sleeping rough, in slums or squats, in emergency shelters or transitional accommodation in Marseille were eligible.Primary outcome measuresOccurrence of a seroconversion event defined as a biologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Local data from a national seroprevalence survey were used for comparison between homeless people and the general population.ResultsA total of 1249 people were included. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence increased from 6.0% (4.7–7.3) during the first session to 18.9% (16.0–21.7) during the second one, compared with 3.0% (1.9–4.2) and 6.5% (4.5–8.7) in the general population. Factors significantly associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection were: having stayed in emergency shelters (1.93 (1.18–3.15)), being an isolated parent (1.64 (1.07–2.52)) and having contact with more than 5–15 people per day (1.84 (1.27–2.67)). By contrast, smoking (0.46 (0.32–0.65)), having financial resources (0.70 (0.51–0.97)) and psychiatric or addictive comorbidities (0.52 (0.32–0.85)) were associated with a lower risk.ConclusionWe confirm that homeless people have higher infection rates than the general population, with increased risk in emergency shelters. There is growing evidence that, in addition to usual preventive measures, public policies should pay attention to adapt the type of accommodation and overall approach of precariousness.Trial registration numberNCT04408131
Prevalence and associated factors of acute gastroenteritis in children and adolescents aged from 6 to 17 years old: a cross-sectional study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database 1999–2018
Authors: Cai Hailun , Shao Yanyan , Yu Weihao 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and associated factors in children and adolescents in the USA from 1999 to 2018 using nationally representative data.DesignA retrospective cross-sectional study.SettingThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database.Participants25 361 children and adolescents aged 6–17 years old.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWhether the patient suffered from AGE.ResultsTotally 1882 suffered from AGE. The overall monthly prevalence of AGE in children and adolescents was 7.69%. From 1999 to 2018, the prevalence of AGE in the USA had been decreasing over time. The decreasing trend was observed in all subgroups, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), education level, poverty index and eating food at the restaurant. There were two small upticks from 2003 to 2007 and 2013 to 2015. AGE was negatively associated with male compared with female (OR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.73 to 0.99, p=0.035), Mexican American (OR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.70 to 0.97, p=0.018) and non-Hispanic Black (OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.69 to 0.93, p=0.003) compared with non-Hispanic White. AGE was positively associated with obesity compared with underweight and normal weight (OR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.62, p<0.001).ConclusionThe monthly prevalence of AGE was 7.69% and showed a downward trend from 1999 to 2018 in the USA.
Determinants of implementing artificial intelligence-based clinical decision support tools in healthcare: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Bajgain Bishnu , Lorenzetti Diane , Lee Joon , Sauro Khara 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionArtificial intelligence (AI), the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, is being increasingly leveraged to facilitate clinical decision-making. AI-based clinical decision support (CDS) tools can improve the quality of care and appropriate use of healthcare resources, and decrease healthcare provider burnout. Understanding the determinants of implementing AI-based CDS tools in healthcare delivery is vital to reap the benefits of these tools. The objective of this scoping review is to map and synthesise determinants (barriers and facilitators) to implementing AI-based CDS tools in healthcare.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. The search terms will be tailored to each database, which includes MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library. Grey literature and references of included studies will also be searched. The search will include studies published from database inception until 10 May 2022. We will not limit searches by study design or language. Studies that either report determinants or describe the implementation of AI-based CDS tools in clinical practice or/and healthcare settings will be included. The identified determinants (barriers and facilitators) will be described by synthesising the themes using the Theoretical Domains Framework. The outcome variables measured will be mapped and the measures of effectiveness will be summarised using descriptive statistics.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required because all data for this study have been previously published. The findings of this review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at academic conferences. Importantly, the findings of this scoping review will be widely presented to decision-makers, health system administrators, healthcare providers, and patients and family/caregivers as part of an implementation study of an AI-based CDS for the treatment of coronary artery disease.
Pharmacotherapy for improving postoperative sleep quality: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Di , Yang Lei , Li Qian , Zuo Yunxia 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionImproving the quality of sleep may promote enhanced recovery in surgical patients. In addition to controversial or conflicting study conclusions, the current clinical studies on pharmacotherapy for improving postoperative sleep quality are mostly limited to evaluating the effect of a specific drug or supplement compared with placebo, and they lack comparisons between drugs or supplements. Therefore, we plan to conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of different drugs or supplements for improving postoperative sleep quality.Methods and analysisWe will search the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CNKI and Wanfang databases from the dates of their inception to December 2022. We will only include randomised controlled trials, irrespective of language and publication status. The primary outcome is postoperative sleep quality assessed by any validated tools or polysomnography. We will assess the quality of all included trials according to version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials. We will use the GeMTC package of R software to perform direct and indirect comparisons via a Bayesian framework using a random-effects model. We will use the Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis approach to evaluate the quality of evidence.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this protocol because we will only be pooling published data. We plan to submit our review to academic conferences and peer-reviewed academic journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022356508.
Sociodemographic disparities in ophthalmological clinical trials
Authors: Nakayama Luis Filipe , Mitchell William Greig , Shapiro Skyler , Santiago Alvina Pauline D. , Phanphruk Warachaya , Kalua Khumbo , Celi Leo Anthony , Regatieri Caio Vinicius Saito 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionIn ophthalmology, clinical trials (CTs) guide the treatment of diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, myopia, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma and keratoconus with distinct presentations, pathological characteristics and responses to treatment in minority populations.Reporting gender and race and ethnicity in healthcare studies is currently recommended by National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines to ensure representativeness and generalisability; however, CT results that include this information have been limited in the past 30 years.The objective of this review is to analyse the sociodemographic disparities in ophthalmological phases III and IV CT based on publicly available data.MethodsThis study included phases III and IV complete ophthalmological CT available fromclinicaltrials.org, and describes the country distribution, race and ethnicity description and gender, and funding characteristics.ResultsAfter a screening process, we included 654 CTs, with findings that corroborate the previous CT reviews’ findings that most ophthalmological participants are white and from high-income countries. A description of race and ethnicity is reported in 37.1% of studies but less frequently included within the most studied ophthalmological specialty area (cornea, retina, glaucoma and cataracts). The incidence of race and ethnicity reporting has improved during the past 7 years.DiscussionAlthough NIH and FDA promote guidelines to improve generalisability in healthcare studies, the inclusion of race and ethnicity in publications and diverse participants in ophthalmological CT is still limited. Actions from the research community and related stakeholders are necessary to increase representativeness and guarantee generalisability in ophthalmological research results to optimise care and reduce related healthcare disparities.
Medications for specific phenotypes of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction classified by a machine learning-based clustering model
Authors: Sotomi Yohei , Hikoso Shungo , Nakatani Daisaku , Okada Katsuki , Dohi Tomoharu , Sunaga Akihiro , Kida Hirota , Sato Taiki , Matsuoka Yuki , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Komukai Sho , Seo Masahiro , Yano Masamichi , Hayashi Takaharu , Nakagawa Akito , Nakagawa Yusuke , Tamaki Shunsuke , Ohtani Tomohito , Yasumura Yoshio , Yamada Takahisa , Sakata Yasushi 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveOur previously established machine learning-based clustering model classified heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) into four distinct phenotypes. Given the heterogeneous pathophysiology of HFpEF, specific medications may have favourable effects in specific phenotypes of HFpEF. We aimed to assess effectiveness of medications on clinical outcomes of the four phenotypes using a real-world HFpEF registry dataset.MethodsThis study is a posthoc analysis of the PURSUIT-HFpEF registry, a prospective, multicentre, observational study. We evaluated the clinical effectiveness of the following four types of postdischarge medication in the four different phenotypes: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARB), beta blockers, mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonists (MRA) and statins. The primary endpoint of this study was a composite of all-cause death and heart failure hospitalisation.ResultsOf 1231 patients, 1100 (83 (IQR 77, 87) years, 604 females) were eligible for analysis. Median follow-up duration was 734 (398, 1108) days. The primary endpoint occurred in 528 patients (48.0%). Cox proportional hazard models with inverse-probability-of-treatment weighting showed the following significant effectiveness of medication on the primary endpoint: MRA for phenotype 2 (weighted HR (wHR) 0.40, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.75, p=0.005); ACEi or ARB for phenotype 3 (wHR 0.66 0.48 to 0.92, p=0.014) and statin therapy for phenotype 3 (wHR 0.43 (0.21 to 0.88), p=0.020). No other medications had significant treatment effects in the four phenotypes.ConclusionsMachine learning-based clustering may have the potential to identify populations in which specific medications may be effective. This study suggests the effectiveness of MRA, ACEi or ARB and statin for specific phenotypes of HFpEF.Trial registration numberUMIN000021831.