bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Chemoselective Reduction of Phosphine Oxides through Electrophilic Activation of the P=O Bond with Anhydride
Authors: Jin Hongyu , Gu Chengshan , Xiao Zhihuan , Tan Qihang , Liu Long , Han Li‐Biao , Chen Wen‐Hao , Chen Tieqiao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA highly chemoselective reduction of phosphine oxides was demonstrated under transition‐metal‐free and alkaline reaction conditions. During the reaction, P=O bond was firstly electrophilically activated by an anhydride and subsequently reduced by the versatile and cheap NaH, which was strengthened by 15‐crown‐5. By this strategy, a variety of phosphine oxides including those bearing functional groups such as methyl, methoxyl, phenyl, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, trifluoromethyl, nitrile, ester, alkenyl, alkynyl and heterocycles were transformed readily into the corresponding phosphines in good to high yields. This work represents an efficient method for reducing phosphine oxides forming phosphines.
Construction of Difluoroalkylated Cyclopentenones through Photocatalytic Difluoroalkylative 5‐endo Cyclization Cascades of Ynones
Authors: Su Jingwen , Xu Jinming , Gu Zhenyu , Zhou Yulu , Zheng Hanliang , Zhu Gangguo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDifluoroalkyl groups and cyclopentenones are both important units in synthetic and medicinal chemistry. The difuoroalkylation coupled with a cyclopentenone formation still remains a challenge. Herein, we report a visible‐light‐induced cascade difluoroalkylative 5‐endo cyclization of ynones with difluoroalkyl bromides to access difluoroalkylated cyclopentenones, which may find wide applications for the concise synthesis of fluorinated cyclic molecules.
HIC: A high‐reliable in‐band control network for perception layer of software‐defined IoT
Authors: Huang Meigen , Gong Bi , Zhou Xin , Wang Tao , Wang Yanfeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the popularity of the software‐defined idea, the software‐defined Internet of Things (SD‐IoT) came into being. However, the transmission conflict between control flow and data flow in the perception layer with poor channel resources has become an important constraint for SD‐IoT. Thus, this paper adopts the idea of isolated forwarding control flow based on an in‐band channel, that is, selecting some sensor nodes to be responsible for forwarding control flow, and proposes high‐reliable in‐band control network (HIC), a high‐reliability in‐band control network. In order to support real‐time tasks in the IoT environment, HIC adopts a divided control area to support parallel responses of multiple partially overlapping tasks. Further, in each control area, the graph theory is used to model the control node selection problem, and an algorithm for efficiently solving the model is designed based on the community detection method. Finally, we developed the HIC experimental platform composed of HIC‐topology and HIC‐simulation and carried out simulation experiments and analysis from topology generation, maintenance, and operation. The experimental results show that HIC could better adapt to the SD‐IoT under multi‐task deployment, and has great advantages in terms of the success rate and time of topology rapid maintenance compared with similar solutions.
Impacts of variable viscosity and chemical reaction on Ohmic dissipative fluid flow in a porous medium over a stretching sheet with thermal radiation
Authors: Samuel Damilare John , Fayemi Ibrahim Arinola 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the chemical reaction influence on heat transfer flow of viscous Newtonian fluid over a moving surface under the intensity of nonuniform heat source/sink. Variable fluid viscosity and ohmic heating effects are considered in the model equation. The uniqueness of the present investigation is to scrutinize the significance of nonuniform heat source/sink and ohmic heating on the heat transfer flow of optically thin radiative fluid in a permeable medium. The flow equations of continuity, momentum, thermal and solutal fields are converted by invoking relevant dimensionless variables. Also, the converted nonlinear equations are analyzed numerically by using the fourth order Runge–Kutta Fehlberg approach. The significance of model parameters are scrutinized and discussed in detail via graphs and tables. The important findings of this study are the effects of Joule heating , viscous dissipation parameter , variable fluid property parameter and radiation parameter on fluid flow, energy profile and solutal field. The results show that the thermal field depreciates as the Prandtl number increases but escalates against higher values of Joule heating parameter and Brinkman number. Also, the outcome of this study reveals that an enhancement in the values of variable viscosity parameter declines velocity distribution. Concentration distributions behave as a growing function of the Soret number and diminishing function of the Schmidt number. Furthermore, contrasting this study with existing results reveals excellent agreement.
Enhancing the lifetime and performance of WSNs in smart irrigation systems using cluster‐based selection protocols
Authors: Hassan Emad S. , Oshaba Ahmed S. , El‐Emary Atef , Elsafrawey Amir S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a comparative analysis of cluster‐based selection protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in smart irrigation systems. The study evaluates the performance of stable election protocol (SEP)‐based protocols, including conventional SEP, zonal SEP (ZSEP), enhanced SEP (ESEP) and threshold‐sensitive SEP (TSEP), and distributed energy‐efficient clustering (DEEC)‐based protocols, including conventional DEEC, developed DEEC (DDEEC), enhanced DEEC (EDEEC) and threshold‐sensitive DEEC (TDEEC). Simulation results show that TSEP and ZSEP outperform other SEP‐based protocols in terms of network lifetime, stability period, number of dead nodes and throughput. EDEEC and TDEEC show superior performance compared to other DEEC‐based protocols. However, TDEEC and EDEEC have a lower performance in terms of packets sent to cluster heads (CHs) due to the three levels of energy heterogeneity, which reduce the average packets sent to CHs. Finally, a comparative analysis between the SEP‐based and DEEC‐based protocols is presented. The findings reveal that TSEP outperforms all other protocols in terms of the performance metrics examined in this paper, except for throughput, which is higher in the case of ZSEP. Overall, the proposed cluster‐based selection protocols improve the energy efficiency and lifetime of WSNs in smart irrigation systems, and the results demonstrate their effectiveness in supporting the performance of smart irrigation systems.
Selectively Probing the Magnetic Resonance Signals of γ‐Aminobutyric Acid in Human Brains In Vivo
Authors: Yang Xue , Liu Ying , Fu Cai‐xia , Chu Ying‐Hua , Chen Qun , Wang He , Wei Da‐Xiu , Yao Ye‐Feng 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundGamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in human brains, playing a role in the pathogenesis of various psychiatric disorders. Current methods have some non‐neglectable shortcomings and noninvasive and accurate detection of GABA in human brains is long‐term challenge.PurposeTo develop a pulse sequence capable of selectively detecting and quantifying the 1H signal of GABA in human brains based on optimal controlled spin singlet order.Study TypeProspective.Subjects/PhantomA phantom of GABA (pH = 7.3 ± 0.1) and 11 healthy subjects (5 females and 6 males, body mass index: 21 ± 3 kg/m2, age: 25 ± 4 years).Field Strength/Sequence7 Tesla, 3 Tesla, GABA‐targeted magnetic resonance spectroscopy (GABA‐MRS‐7 T, GABA‐MRS‐3 T), magnetization prepared two rapid acquisition gradient echoes sequence.AssessmentBy using the developed pulse sequences applied on the phantom and healthy subjects, the signals of GABA were successfully selectively probed. Quantification of the signals yields the concentration of GABA in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) in human brains.Statistical TestsFrequency.ResultsThe 1H signals of GABA in the phantom and in the human brains of healthy subjects were successfully detected. The concentration of GABA in the dACC of human brains was 3.3 ± 1.5 mM.Data ConclusionThe developed pulse sequences can be used to selectively probe the 1H MR signals of GABA in human brains in vivo.Evidence Level1Technical Efficacy Stage1
Maternal anxiety‐driven modulation of fetal limbic connectivity designs a backbone linking neonatal brain functional topology to socio‐emotional development in early childhood
Authors: Canini Matteo , Pecco Nicolò , Caglioni Martina , Katušić Ana , Išasegi Iris Žunić , Oprandi Claudia , Scifo Paola , Pozzoni Mirko , Lorioli Laura , Garbetta Gisella , Poloniato Antonella , Sora Maria Grazia Natali , Cavoretto Paolo I. , Barera Graziano , Candiani Massimo , Kostović Ivica , Falini Andrea , Baldoli Cristina , Della Rosa Pasquale Anthony 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA link between maternal anxiety during pregnancy and adverse socio‐emotional outcomes in childhood has been consistently sustained on the very early neurodevelopmental alteration of structural pathways between fetal limbic and cortical brain regions. In this study, we provide follow‐up evidence for a feed‐forward model linking (i) maternal anxiety, (ii) fetal functional neurodevelopment, (iii) neonatal functional network organization with (iv) socio‐emotional neurobehavioral development in early childhood. Namely, we investigate a sample of 16 mother–fetus dyads and show how a maternal state–trait anxiety profile with pregnancy‐specific worries can significantly influence functional synchronization patterns between regions of the fetal limbic system (i.e., hippocampus and amygdala) and the neocortex, as assessed through resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Generalization of the findings was supported by leave‐one‐out cross‐validation. We further show how this maternal–fetal cross‐talk propagates to functional network topology in the neonate, specifically targeting connector hubs, and further maps onto socio‐emotional profiles, assessed through Bayley‐III socio‐emotional scale in early childhood (i.e., in the 12–24 months range). Based on this evidence, we put forward the hypothesis of a “Maternal‐Fetal‐Neonatal Anxiety Backbone”, through which neurobiological changes driven by maternal anxiety could trigger a divergence in the establishment of a cognitive–emotional development blueprint, in terms of the nascent functional homeostasis between bottom‐up limbic and top‐down higher‐order neuronal circuitry.
A quantitative approach to study the adaptation of rhythmic eye movements and the resulting tonic eye deviation in larval zebrafish
Authors: Lin Ting‐Feng , Huang Melody Ying‐Yu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo optimize performance during vital tasks, animals are capable of tuning rhythmic neural signals that drive repetitive behaviors, such as motor reflexes under constant sensory stimuli. In the oculomotor system, animals track the moving image during slow phases while repetitively resetting the eye position from the eccentricity during quick phases. During optokinetic response (OKR), larval zebrafish occasionally show a delayed quick phase; thus, the eyes remain tonically deviated from the center. In this study, we scrutinized OKR in larval zebrafish under a broad range of stimulus velocities to determine the parametric property of the quick‐phase delay. A prolonged stimulation revealed that the slow‐phase (SP) duration—the interval between two quick phases—was tuned increasingly over time toward a homeostatic range, regardless of stimulus velocity. Attributed to this rhythm control, larval zebrafish exhibited a tonic eye deviation following slow phases, which was especially pronounced when tracking a fast stimulus over an extended time period. In addition to the SP duration, the fixation duration between spontaneous saccades in darkness also revealed a similar adaptive property after the prolonged optokinetic stimulation. Our results provide a quantitative description of the adaptation of rhythmic eye movements in developing animals and pave the way for potential animal models for eye movement disorders.
Bioactive components and nutritional properties of fiber‐rich cookies produced with different parts of oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.)
Authors: Şahin Nazlı 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDOleaster (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) possesses exocarp and endocarp layers enriched with abundant phytochemicals and fiber. Flours produced in different parts of oleaster were used in cookie formulation to improve the bioactive components and nutritional properties of cookies.RESULTSThe rheological properties of composite flours containing varying levels of oleaster exocarp flour (O'EX‐F) and endocarp flour (O'EN‐F), ranging from 0% to 30%, were assessed using Mixolab (Chopin Technologies, Villeneuve‐la‐Garenne, France). The physical, chemical, nutritional, and sensory properties of cookies made with these flours were also analyzed. The substitution of O'EX‐F and O'EN‐F in the cookies enhanced redness and total color differences at the same time as decreasing hardness and improving the spread ratio. Furthermore, using these flours elevated the dietary fiber content of the cookies, particularly in terms of soluble and total dietary fiber. O'EX‐F and O'EN‐F also significantly increased free, bound, and total phenolic contents, as well as antioxidant capacity. Sensory evaluation of cookies with 10% and 20% O'EX‐F and O'EN‐F indicated greater appreciation than control cookies. Incorporating 20% O'EX‐F and 20% O'EN‐F into cookies resulted in a notable increase in Ca, Mg, K, Fe, and Zn levels.CONCLUSIONThe utilization of O'EX‐F and O'EN‐F, which contain a wealth of bioactive components, has significantly impacted the dough of rheology. Including these ingredients in cookie formulations has demonstrated improvements in ash, dietary fiber content, phenolics, antioxidant activity, and overall technological quality at the same time as providing distinctive sensory properties. The present study has contributed a new composite flour to the existing literature and has facilitated the development of novel cookie products for the functional food industry. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Resting eggs of Ceriodaphnia cornuta can sense predation risk and population crowding signals but cannot distinguish the types of predation risk
Authors: Zhou Qiming , Liu Qi , Gu Lei , Sun Yunfei , Yang Zhou 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCladocerans can produce dormant stages to avoid unfavorable environments, such as predation pressure and population crowding. However, only a few studies evaluated the influences of the biochemical signals of predation risk and population crowding on the termination of dormant stages of cladocerans. This study aimed to investigate the influences of predation risk signals from different predators and crowding signals from high‐density populations on the hatching of cladoceran resting eggs and the anti‐predation defensive traits of hatched offspring. We collected resting eggs of Ceriodaphnia cornuta from the surface of lake sediments and incubated them under different biochemical signals (fish kairomones, Chaoborus kairomones, alarm signals, and crowding signals) in the laboratory. In response to fish kairomones, Chaoborus kairomones, and alarm signals, the hatching time of resting eggs was delayed to a certain extent, and the body length of the offspring hatched from resting eggs increased at their birth and decreased at their first reproduction. This indicated that the offspring hatched from C. cornuta resting eggs possibly can sense predation risk signals but cannot distinguish the type of signals. In addition, the effects of crowding signals on the resting eggs were similar to those of fish kairomones, both of which can increase the body length of hatched offspring at birth, but these influences would not be further enhanced in the simultaneous presence of fish kairomones and crowding signals. This study will contribute to a better understanding of the perception of resting eggs to environmental biochemical signals and the corresponding hatching strategies of cladocerans.
Research on characteristics of splash lubrication and power losses of reducer based on MPS method
Authors: Liu Huanlong , Wei Tao , Zhou Jianyi , Xie Chixin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe distribution of lubricant flow field inside the two‐stage transmission reducer is very complicated during splash lubrication, which is difficult to be visually simulated and analysed using traditional finite element methods (FEM). There are many problems in model processing, algorithm selection, mesh division, and computational workload. Through sufficient investigation and experimental validation based on literature, the moving particle semi‐implicit (MPS) method is proposed to study the splash lubrication characteristics of a rail vehicle reducer. Through this method, the visual simulation calculation of multiple working conditions of reducer with complex structure is realised, and the unreasonable structure of the gearbox body is optimised. The model of oil supply demand in the Hertz contact zone of gear transmission is established, and the time‐domain variation law of oil particles number in the contact zone and oil supply state are analysed. It is found that the optimised reducer model can meet the demand of oil supply under the four typical working conditions of the rail vehicle. The higher the initial oil volume is, the more sufficient the oil supply is. Compared with the working temperature conditions of 20 and 80 °C, the lubrication effect is better at 40 and 60 °C. By analysing the power loss proportion of each gear, it is found that the sum of power loss of gear 1 and gear 2 is dominant under different working conditions, reaching 76%–99.5% of the total churning power losses.
Graphical exploration of 600‐ and 60‐MHz proton NMR spectral datasets from ground roast coffee extracts
Authors: Kemsley E. Kate 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article uses a variety of graphical and mathematical approaches to analyse 600‐ and 60‐MHz (‘benchtop’) proton NMR spectra acquired from lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts of roasted coffee beans. The collection of 40 authenticated samples comprised various coffee species, cultivars and hybrids. The spectral datasets were analysed by a combination of metabolomics approaches, cross‐correlation and whole spectrum methods, assisted by visualisation and mathematical techniques not conventionally employed to treat NMR data. A large amount of information content was shared between the 600‐MHz and benchtop datasets, including in its magnitude spectral form, suggesting the potential for a lower cost, lower tech route to conducting informative metabolomics studies.
Toward Reactive Processing of Polyamide 6 Based Blends with Polyethylene Grafted with Maleic Anhydride and Acrylic Acid: Effect of Functionalization Degree
Authors: Luna Carlos Bruno Barreto , Ferreira Eduardo da Silva Barbosa , Costa Anna Raffaela de Matos , de Almeida Yeda Medeiros Bastos , de Melo João Baptista da Costa Agra , Araújo Edcleide Maria 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe reactivity of different polyethylene modifiers based on acrylic acid (AA) and maleic anhydride (MA) with polyamide 6 (PA6) is investigated, using several degrees of functionalization. The polymer blends are processed in an internal mixer and injection molded. Mechanical, rheological, infrared spectroscopy, thermal, thermomechanical properties, and morphology are evaluated. The torque rheometry results show that higher functionalization degrees favored a high reactivity with PA6. As a consequence, there is an increase in the viscosity of the polymer blends, which is reflected in the reduction of the melt flow index (MFI), compared to PA6. High impact strength and elongation at break properties confirm the blends' compatibility. The elastic modulus and the tensile strength maintain high values, suggesting a balance of mechanical properties. In addition, the polymer blends' heat deflection temperature (HDT) and thermal stability properties are comparable to neat PA6. The morphology obtained by scanning electron microscopy show dispersed and refined particles in the PA6 matrix, indicating stabilization at the interface. Incorporating only 10% of high‐density polyethylene grafted with acrylic‐acid (HDPE‐g‐AA) is very efficient in optimizing the properties of PA6, contributing to broadening the range of applications for the processing industry.
Applying the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria in patients admitted with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection using computed tomography imaging
Authors: Sheean Patricia , O'Connor Paula , Joyce Cara , Wozniak Amy , Vasilopoulos Vasilios , Formanek Perry 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with low muscle mass and acute SARS‐CoV‐2 infection meet the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) etiologic and phenotypic criteria to diagnose malnutrition, respectively. However, available cut‐points to classify individuals with low muscle mass are not straightforward. Using computed tomography (CT) to determine low muscularity, we assessed the prevalence of malnutrition using the GLIM framework and associations with clinical outcomes.MethodsA retrospective cohort was conducted gathering patient data from various clinical resources. Patients admitted to the COVID‐19 unit (March 2020 to June 2020) with appropriate/evaluable CT studies (chest or abdomen/pelvis) within the first 5 days of admission were considered eligible. Sex‐ and vertebral‐specific skeletal muscle indices (SMI; cm2/m2) from healthy controls were used to determine low muscle mass. Injury‐adjusted SMI were derived, extrapolated from cancer cut‐points and explored. Descriptive statistics and mediation analyses were completed.ResultsPatients (n = 141) were 58.2 years of age and racially diverse. Obesity (46%), diabetes (40%), and cardiovascular disease (68%) were prevalent. Using healthy controls and injury‐adjusted SMI, malnutrition prevalence was 26% (n = 36/141) and 50% (n = 71/141), respectively. Mediation analyses demonstrated a significant reduction in the effect of malnutrition on outcomes in the presence of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, supporting the mediating effects of severity of illness intensive care unit (ICU) admission, ICU length of stay, mechanical ventilation, complex respiratory support, discharge status (all P values = 0.03), and 28‐day mortality (P = 0.04).ConclusionsFuture studies involving the GLIM criteria should consider these collective findings in their design, analyses, and implementation.
Defying Deafness: Remembering Jack Ashley
Authors: Douglas‐Jones Paul , Magos Tiarnan , Rutka John 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAfter he sustained a profound hearing loss in his only hearing ear following a routine myringoplasty, Jack Ashley became Britain's first deaf politician. His story is an inspiring one, converting a postoperative complication into a driver for success and change in the lives of millions of deaf and disabled people around the world.