bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accounting for cloud cover and circannual variation puts the effect of lunar phase on deer–vehicle collisions into perspective
Authors: Cerri Jacopo , Stendardi Laura , Bužan Elena , Pokorny Boštjan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Although several studies have focused on the influence of moonlight on deer–vehicle collisions, findings have been inconsistent. This may be due to neglect of the effects of cloud cover, a major impediment to moon illumination and circannual variation in both deer and human activity.

We assessed how median cloud cover interacted with the illuminated fraction of the moon in affecting daily roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) roadkill in Slovenia (Central Europe). Data included nationwide roadkill (n = 49,259), collected between 2010 and 2019 by hunters, as required by law.

Roadkill peaked under medium to high cloud cover and decreased during nights with low or extremely high cloudiness. This pattern was more pronounced on nights with a full moon. However, the effects of moon illumination and cloud cover had a lower predictive potential than circannual variation, as collisions clearly peaked in April/May, July and August/September.

Our results suggest that moonlight could influence roe deer movements through compensatory foraging. However, on nights with a full moon, collisions could also be affected by weather. On bright nights, roe deer might be less active due to increased human presence and sustained vehicular traffic. Then, with medium to high cloud cover and also rainfall, human presence in the environment may be low enough to increase deer movements, but vehicular traffic can still be intermediate, maximizing the risk of collisions. Finally, with overcast skies, widespread rainfall can reduce both traffic volume and human outdoor activity, decreasing the risk of collisions.

Moon illumination may indeed affect wildlife–vehicle collisions and roadkill, but its effects should be quantified as a function of cloud cover. Moreover, to make studies truly comparable, research about wildlife–vehicle collisions should also account for time of the year.

Policy implications. Because collisions with roe deer peak at particular periods of the year, signs should be installed seasonally. By doing so, they would warn drivers about the risk, improve drivers' awareness and increase their safety. Moreover, as collisions also increase on nights with a full moon and overcast skies, interactive warning signs that are activated by ground illumination should also be useful.
Effect of epidemic diseases on wild animal conservation
Authors: HU Bin , HAN Shuyi , HE Hongxuan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnder the background of global species extinction, the impact of epidemic diseases on wild animal protection is increasingly prominent. Here, we review and synthesize the literature on this topic, and discuss the relationship between diseases and biodiversity. Diseases usually reduce species diversity by decreasing or extinction of species populations, but also accelerate species evolution and promote species diversity. At the same time, species diversity can regulate disease outbreaks through dilution or amplification effects. The synergistic effect of human activities and global change is emphasized, which further aggravates the complex relationship between biodiversity and diseases. Finally, we emphasize the importance of active surveillance of wild animal diseases, which can protect wild animals from potential diseases, maintain population size and genetic variation, and reduce the damage of diseases to the balance of the whole ecosystem and human health. Therefore, we suggest that a background survey of wild animal populations and their pathogens should be carried out to assess the impact of potential outbreaks on the population or species level. The mechanism of dilution and amplification effect between species diversity and diseases of wild animals should be further studied to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for human intervention measures to change biodiversity. Most importantly, we should closely combine the protection of wild animals with the establishment of an active surveillance, prevention, and control system for wild animal epidemics, in an effort to achieve a win–win situation between wild animal protection and disease control.
Ultrasonic‐assisted extraction of flavonoids from Nitraria sibirica leaf using response surface methodology and their anti‐proliferative activity on 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes and antioxidant activities
Authors: Zhao Tong , Ding Yina , Sun Wenzhe , Turghun Chimengul , Han Bo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs both an edible and medicinal plant, Nitraria sibirica has been used as a natural remedy for indigestion and hypertension since ancient times in Central Asia. The ethanolic extract of N. sibirica leaves lowers blood pressure and blood lipids. We assume that these bioactivities are most likely related to the composition of flavonoids due to their dominant content. Therefore, we investigated bioactivity‐oriented extraction parameters of flavonoids from N. sibirica. In this study, the ultrasonic‐assisted extraction variables were optimized using a response surface methodology for optimal recoveries of total flavonoid content (TFC), anti‐proliferative activity on 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes and antioxidant capacities (DPPH) of N. sibirica leaf extract (NLE). The optimal extraction conditions of NLEs were as follows: ethanol concentration of 71.33%, feed‐to‐solvent ratio of 30.36 mL/g, extraction temperature of 69.48°C, extraction time of 25.27 min, extraction number of two times, the TFCs were 1.73 ± 0.01 mg RE/g d.w. (n = 4), IC50 value of preadipocytes was 259.42 ± 3.62 µg/mL (n = 4), and antioxidant capacity of 86.55 ± 3.71% (n = 4). After the purification of NLEs, the TFCs were 7.52 mg RE/g d.w., the inhibition capacity of IC50 was 143.50 µg/mL, and DPPH scavenging rate was 86.99%, which were approximately 4.34, 1.81, and 1.01 folds higher than before the purification of NLEs, respectively. Bioactive‐oriented extraction of NLEs possessed the potential lipid lowering and antioxidant activities, which hold high research value for the development of natural medicines or new functional foods to treat or prevent metabolic diseases such as obesity.
Spain: Political Developments and Data in 2022
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ‐PASARÍN ANA MAR , DELGADO IRENE , BOHIGUES ASBEL 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe year 2022 was marked by the implementation of the Spanish Recovery and Resilience Plan approved by the European Commission in June 2021. Without a general election or changes in the Cabinet, only the main opposition party, the People's Party, experienced a change in leadership, when Pablo Casado resigned and was replaced by Alberto Núñez Feijóo. The political agenda was dominated by the approval of the Law on the Comprehensive Guarantee of Sexual Freedom, better known as the law of “only yes means yes,” the reform of the Criminal Code to remove the crime of sedition and reduce the penalties for embezzlement, and the change of the majority required for the renewal of the General Council of the Judiciary. In the international arena, the consequences of Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the celebration of the 30th NATO Summit in Madrid were the main issues.
Systematic assessment of non‐medical use of prescription drugs using doctor‐shopping indicators: A nation‐wide, repeated cross‐sectional study
Authors: Soeiro Thomas , Pradel Vincent , Lapeyre‐Mestre Maryse , Micallef Joëlle 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to present the first nation‐wide, systematic, repeated assessment of doctor‐shopping (i.e. visiting multiple physicians to be prescribed the same drug) during 10 years for more than 200 psychoactive prescription drugs in the 67 million inhabitants in France.DesignThis was a nation‐wide, repeated cross‐sectional study.Setting and ParticipantsData are from the French National Health Data System in 2010, 2015 and 2019 for 214 psychoactive prescription drugs (i.e. anaesthetics, analgesics, antiepileptics, anti‐Parkinson drugs, psycholeptics, psychoanaleptics, other nervous system drugs and antihistamines for systemic use).MeasurementsThe detection and quantification of doctor‐shopping relied upon an algorithm that detects overlapping prescriptions from repeated visits to different physicians. We used two doctor‐shopping indicators aggregated at population level for each drug dispensed to more than 5000 patients: (i) the quantity doctor‐shopped, expressed in defined daily doses (DDD), which measures the total quantity doctor‐shopped by the study population for a given drug; and (ii) the proportion doctor‐shopped, expressed as a percentage, which standardizes the quantity doctor‐shopped according to the use level of the drug.FindingsThe analyses included approximately 200 million dispensings to approximately 30 million patients each year. Opioids (e.g. buprenorphine, methadone, morphine, oxycodone and fentanyl), benzodiazepines and non‐benzodiazepine hypnotics (Z‐drugs) (e.g. diazepam, oxazepam, zolpidem and clonazepam) had the highest proportions doctor‐shopped during the study period. In most cases, the proportion and the quantity doctor‐shopped increased for opioids and decreased for benzodiazepines and Z‐drugs. Pregabalin had the sharpest increase in the proportion doctor‐shopped (from 0.28 to 1.40%), in parallel with a sharp increase in the quantity doctor‐shopped (+843%, from 0.7 to 6.6 DDD/100 000 inhabitants/day). Oxycodone had the sharpest increase in the quantity doctor‐shopped (+1000%, from 0.1 to 1.1 DDD/100 000 inhabitants/day), in parallel with a sharp increase in the proportion doctor‐shopped (from 0.71 to 1.41%). Detailed results for all drugs during the study period can be explored interactively at: https://soeiro.gitlab.io/megadose/.ConclusionsIn France, doctor‐shopping occurs for many drugs from many pharmacological classes, and mainly involves opioid maintenance drugs, some opioids analgesics, some benzodiazepines and Z‐drugs and pregabalin.
Comparison of clinical outcomes with cangrelor plus aspirin versus oral dual antiplatelet therapy in patients supported with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Cohan Dana , Uricchio Marissa N. , Konopka Chelsea I. , Montepara Courtney A. , Verlinden Nathan J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with refractory cardiogenic shock from an acute myocardial infarction may receive percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and require the use of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA–ECMO). The purpose of this study was to compare bleeding and thrombotic events in patients treated with cangrelor plus aspirin versus oral dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) while supported with VA–ECMO.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of patients who received PCI, were supported with VA–ECMO, and were treated with either cangrelor plus aspirin or oral DAPT from February 2016 through May 2021 at Allegheny General Hospital. The primary objective was the incidence of major bleeding, defined as Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type 3 or greater. The incidence of thrombotic events was a secondary objective.ResultsThirty‐seven patients were included, 19 in the cangrelor plus aspirin group, and 18 in the oral DAPT group. All the patients in the cangrelor group received a dose of 0.75 mcg/kg/min. Major bleeding occurred in 7 patients (36.8%) in the cangrelor group compared to 7 patients (38.9%) in the oral DAPT group (p = 0.90). No patient developed stent thrombosis. Two patients (10.5%) in the cangrelor group had a thrombotic event versus 3 patients (16.7%) in the oral DAPT group (p = 0.66).ConclusionsBleeding and thrombotic events were comparable between patients receiving cangrelor plus aspirin versus oral DAPT while on VA–ECMO.
Gahvora cradling in Tajikistan: Cultural practices and associations with motor development
Authors: Karasik Lana B. , Adolph Karen E. , Fernandes Sara N. , Robinson Scott R. , Tamis‐LeMonda Catherine S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn Tajikistan, infants are bound supine in a “gahvora” cradle that severely restricts movement. Does cradling affect motor development and body growth? In three studies (2013–2018), we investigated associations between time in the gahvora (within days and across age) and motor skills and flattened head dimensions in 8–24‐month‐old Tajik infants (N = 269, 133 girls, 136 boys)) and 4.3–5.1‐year‐old children (N = 91, 53 girls, 38 boys). Infants had later motor onset ages relative to World Health Organization standards and pronounced brachycephaly; cradling predicted walk onset age and the proficiency of sitting, crawling, and walking. By 4–5 years, children's motor skills were comparable with US norms. Cultural differences in early experiences offer a unique lens onto developmental processes and equifinality in development.
Comparing wildlife habitat suitability models based on expert opinion with camera trap detections
Authors: Hurtado Cindy , Hemming Victoria , Burton Cole 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExpert knowledge is used in the development of wildlife habitat suitability models (HSMs) for management and conservation decisions. However, the consistency of such models has been questioned. Focusing on 1 method for elicitation, the analytic hierarchy process, we generated expert‐based HSMs for 4 felid species: 2 forest specialists (ocelot [Leopardus pardalis] and margay [Leopardus wiedii]) and 2 habitat generalist species (Pampas cat [Leopardus colocola] and puma [Puma concolor]). Using these HSMs, species detections from camera‐trap surveys, and generalized linear models, we assessed the effect of study species and expert attributes on the correspondence between expert models and camera‐trap detections. We also examined whether aggregation of participant responses and iterative feedback improved model performance. We ran 160 HSMs and found that models for specialist species showed higher correspondence with camera‐trap detections (AUC [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve] >0.7) than those for generalists (AUC < 0.7). Model correspondence increased as participant years of experience in the study area increased, but only for the understudied generalist species, Pampas cat (β = 0.024 [SE 0.007]). No other participant attribute was associated with model correspondence. Feedback and revision of models improved model correspondence, and aggregating judgments across multiple participants improved correspondence only for specialist species. The average correspondence of aggregated judgments increased as group size increased but leveled off after 5 experts for all species. Our results suggest that correspondence between expert models and empirical surveys increases as habitat specialization increases. We encourage inclusion of participants knowledgeable of the study area and model validation for expert‐based modeling of understudied and generalist species.
Anticipating theDamnReferent: How Comprehenders Rapidly Retrieve the Speaker's Attitude When Processing Negative Expressive Adjectives
Authors: Ronderos Camilo R. , Domaneschi Filippo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTheoretical accounts of negative expressives such asdamnhave ascribed two main properties to this type of adjective, namely that they are typically speaker‐oriented, and that they can be flexible with regard to their syntactic attachment. However, it is not clear what this means during online sentence processing. For example, is it effortful for comprehenders to derive the speaker's negative attitude conveyed by an expressive adjective, or is it a rapid, automatic process? And do comprehenders understand the speaker's attitude regardless of the expressive's syntactic position? The current work provides the first evidence supporting theoretical claims by investigating the incremental processing of Italian negative expressive adjectives. In an eye‐tracking study, we show that expressive content is rapidly integrated with information about the speaker's attitude, resulting in the anticipation of an upcoming referent, regardless of the expressive's syntactic realization. We argue that comprehenders use expressives as an ostensive cue that allows for automatic retrieval of the speaker's negative attitude.
Cognitive Development as a Piece of the Language Learning Puzzle
Authors: Smalle Eleonore H. M. , Möttönen Riikka 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhy do children learn language more easily than adults do? This puzzle has fascinated cognitive and language scientists for decades. In the present letter, we approach the language learning puzzle from a cognitive perspective that is inspired by evidence from the perceptual and motor learning literature. Neuroscientific studies show that two memory systems in the brain are involved in human learning: an early implicit procedural memory system and a late‐developing cognitive or declarative memory system. We argue that higher cognitive development constrains implicit statistical learning processes that are essential for learning patterns and regularities in languages, that is, the adult cognitive architecture has a cost. This is supported by experimental evidence showing that acquisition of implicit linguistic knowledge is enhanced under cognitive depletion in adults. More research is needed to test the cognitive cost hypothesis as it could partly solve the language learning puzzle.
Currency under War Communism: An example of Gresham's Law?
Authors: Matarán Cristóbal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article covers the consequences of the Bolsheviks' coup d'état in 1917 for the Soviet monetary system. I argue that the episode illustrates Gresham's Law, as three different currencies made an appearance in the Russian economy. This monetary disorder is scarcely mentioned by Marxist authors. It was a failure that would be mitigated by the subsequent New Economic Policy, an amendment to the Bolshevist War Communism programme of nationalisation and intervention in the economy.
Ramadan intermittent fasting reduces visceral fat and improves gastrointestinal motility
Authors: Abdallah Hala , Khalil Mohamad , Farella Ilaria , JohnBritto Jerlin Stephy , Lanza Elisa , Santoro Sergio , Garruti Gabriella , Portincasa Piero , Di Ciaula Agostino , Bonfrate Leonilde 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundRamadan is a model of intermittent fasting linked with possible beneficial effects. Scarce information, however, is available about the combined effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on anthropometric and metabolic indices, gastrointestinal symptoms, and motility.MethodsIn 21 healthy Muslims, we assessed the impact of RIF on caloric intake, physical activity, gastrointestinal symptoms and motility (gastric/gallbladder emptying by ultrasonography, orocaecal transit time by lactulose breath test), anthropometric indices, subcutaneous and visceral fat thickness (ultrasonography), glucose and lipid homeostasis.ResultsMean caloric intake decreased from a median of 2069 kcal (range 1677–2641) before Ramadan to 1798 kcal (1289–3126) during Ramadan and increased again to 2000 kcal (1309–3485) after Ramadan. Although physical activity remained stable before, during, and after RIF, body weight, body mass index and waist circumference decreased in all subjects and in both genders, together with a significant decrease in subcutaneous and visceral fat thickness and insulin resistance. The postprandial gastric emptying speed was significantly faster after than before RIF. Fasting gallbladder volume was about 6% smaller after, than before Ramadan, with a stronger and faster postprandial gallbladder contraction. After RIF, lactulose breath test documented increased microbiota carbohydrate fermentation (postprandial H2 peak), and faster orocaecal transit time. RIF also significantly improved gastric fullness, epigastric pain and heartburn.ConclusionsRIF generates, in healthy subjects, multiple systemic beneficial effects in terms of fat burden, metabolic profile, gastrointestinal motility and symptoms. Further comprehensive studies should assess the potential beneficial effects of RIF in diseased people.
Acquisitions, product variety, and distribution in the U.S. craft beer industry
Authors: Blundell Wesley , Wilson Kyle 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThough antitrust authorities have historically focused on prices in merger analyses, there is now growing interest in the impact of mergers on non‐price outcomes. In this paper, we examine the effect of horizontal mergers on product variety in the U.S. beer industry. Our difference‐in‐differences analyses provide evidence that acquired firms increase variety available to consumers by expanding into new markets, while reducing the variety of products sold in their existing markets. Back of the envelope calculations suggest that in aggregate, these acquisitions have a net positive effect on product variety.
Changes in intracellular calcium concentration level accompany age‐related inhibitions of long‐term potentiation in hippocampus induced by extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields
Authors: Zhao Wenjun , Dong Lei , Tian Lei , Zhao Ling , Zhao Yuhan , Zheng Yu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExtremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF‐EMFs) have received increasing attention and in‐depth research due to their ability to affect learning and memory functions. However, its regulation and intrinsic mechanism at different ages in early developmental stages remains unclear. In this article, the regulation of 15 Hz/2 mT ELF‐EMFs on long‐term potentiation (LTP) persistence in the hippocampal CA1 region of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats at early developmental stages (8‐, 15‐, 22‐, and 29‐day‐old) are investigated by electrophysiological techniques. The results show that ELF‐EMFs differentially inhibit LTP persistence due to age difference, and the younger the age, the more significant the inhibitory effect. Second, the inhibitory effect of ELF‐EMFs on LTP persistence disappeared after the addition of 2‐aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2‐APB) to block inositol‐1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) localized to intracellular calcium stores to reduce the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), proving that the LTP persistence regulated by ELF‐EMFs is associated with the IP3Rs‐mediated intracellular calcium stores. Finally, the level of [Ca2+]i was intervened by adjusting the extracellular calcium concentration([Ca2+]e). Interestingly, the inhibitory effect of ELF‐EMFs on LTP persistence in the 15‐day‐old group disappeared by increasing [Ca2+]e, whereas the inhibitory effect of ELF‐EMFs on LTP persistence in the 29‐day‐old group appeared by decreasing [Ca2+]e. Our findings reveal the underlying mechanism of the effect of ELF‐EMFs on synaptic plasticity in hippocampal CA1 area at early developmental stages and provide new insights into more rational application and protection of ELF‐EMFs.