bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring departures from Schwarzschild black hole in f(R) gravity
Authors: De Falco Vittorio , Bajardi Francesco , D’Agostino Rocco , Benetti Micol , Capozziello Salvatore 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDifferent astrophysical methods can be combined to detect possible deviations from General Relativity. In this work, we consider a class of f(R) gravity models selected by the existence of Noether symmetries. In this framework, it is possible to determine a set of static and spherically symmetric black hole solutions, encompassing small departures from the Schwarzschild geometry. In particular, when gravity is the only dominating interaction, we exploit the ray-tracing technique to reconstruct the image of a black hole, the epicyclic frequencies, and the black hole shadow profile. Moreover, when matter dynamics is also affected by an electromagnetic radiation force, we take into account the general relativistic Poynting–Robertson effect. In light of the obtained results, the proposed strategy results to be robust and efficient: on the one hand, it allows to investigate gravity from strong to weak field regimes; on the other hand, it is capable of detecting small departures from General Relativity, depending on the current observational sensitivity.
Revolutionizing Diabetes Disease Prediction Through Novel Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Singh Yogendra , Tiwari Mahendra 
Published: June 2023

Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Accurate and timely diagnosis of diabetes is crucial for its effective treatment and management. While machine learning has shown promise in predicting the disease, missing data, outliers, class imbalance and limitations of classifiers can hinder accuracy. To address these challenges, we propose a novel machine learning approach that combines adaptive iterative imputation (AII) for missing value imputation, dynamic ensemble isolation forest (DE-IF) for outlier detection and removal, Iterated KMeans SMOTEENN (IKMSENN) for class imbalance, and an adaptive extra tree classifier (AETC) for classification. Our approach is evaluated using the Pima Indian Diabetes Dataset (PIDD), a widely used benchmark dataset in diabetes disease prediction. Experimental results show that our approach outperforms several state-of-the-art machine learning models in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, [Formula: see text]-measure, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC-ROC). Our approach achieved an accuracy of 98.58%, with a precision of 0.986, recall of 0.987, [Formula: see text]-measure of 0.985, and ROC of 0.965 on the PIDD dataset. Our research presents a significant contribution to the field of diabetes disease prediction by introducing novel machine learning approaches that address common challenges such as missing data, outliers and class imbalance, as well as limitations of classifiers. Our approach has the potential to greatly improve the accuracy and effectiveness of diabetes disease prediction and has important implications for the diagnosis and management of the disease.
Gonioscopy-Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy following Failed Glaucoma Surgery in Primary Congenital Glaucoma: One-Year Results
Authors: Elhusseiny Abdelrahman M. , Aboulhassan Reem M. , El Sayed Yasmine M. , Gawdat Ghada I. , Elhilali Hala M. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose. To evaluate the one-year outcomes of gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) with a history of prior glaucoma surgery. Methods. A retrospective chart review was performed to identify all PCG

patients
≤
16

years who underwent GATT surgery at Cairo University Children’s Hospital from January 2016 to March 2022. Pre- and postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma medications were collected at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and last follow-up visits. Success was defined as

IOP
≤
21

mmHg without (complete) or with (qualified) glaucoma medications at the last follow-up. Results. Seven eyes of 6 subjects were included in the study. The mean IOP was statistically significantly reduced from

25.7
±
5.9

mmHg preoperatively to a mean IOP of

12
±
1.5

mmHg (

P
=
0.001

) at 12 months and

11.5
±
1.2

mmHg (

P
=
0.001

) at the last follow-up visit. Six eyes (85.7%) achieved complete success, and one eye (14.2%) achieved qualified success. No patients required further glaucoma procedures. No serious intra- or postoperative complications were identified. Conclusions. Our early experience highlights that GATT can be performed as an alternative procedure before considering conjunctival or scleral glaucoma surgeries.
Abstract 27: Demographic Factors Associated with Extracutaneous Involvement in Kaposi Sarcoma
Authors: Swedek Michelle , Wu Xinxin , Silberstein Peter , Vardell Victoria 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a soft tissue tumor that typically presents with red or purple skin lesions. However, extracutaneous involvement can occur in severe disease. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) compiles data from 1,400 cancer programs across the United States; to our knowledge, there has yet to be a study in the NCDB comparing demographic features and presentation of KS with cutaneous versus extracutaneous disease. Thus, there is a need to characterize the KS cohort with regards to primary site.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the NCDB from 2004 to 2019 for Kaposi sarcoma patients (n=5,587). Analysis was completed between patients with cutaneous (n=3,963) and extracutaneous (n=1,624) involvement using Pearson Chi-square and t-tests. Survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves.
Results: Non-cutaneous lesions made up 29.1% of diagnoses and primarily included connective/subcutaneous tissue (12.2%), as well as digestive organs (4.1%). Median survival was lower in the extracutaneous (101.7 months) cohort compared to cutaneous (131.5 months) cohort (p&lt;0.001). Women were more likely to present with non-cutaneous lesions compared to men (37.3% versus 27.6%, p&lt;0.001). Spanish/Hispanic subjects were less likely to have extracutaneous involvement compared to non-Spanish/Hispanic subjects (p=0.006). Patients at academic centers were less likely to have extracutaneous lesions compared to other facilities (p&lt;0.001). Residing in the Central United States was associated with increased incidence of extracutaneous disease (p&lt;0.001). Patients with extracutaneous disease lived further from the reporting hospital (23.95 miles) compared to patients with cutaneous (16.24 miles) involvement (p=0.004). There was no significant difference in mean age between cutaneous (58.41 years) and non-cutaneous (57.97 years) cohorts. No clear trend existed between race, insurance status, education, or income in relation to extracutaneous disease.
Conclusion: To our knowledge, our study is the first to compare demographic features and trends associated with cutaneous and extracutaneous KS in the NCDB. We revealed that extracutaneous primary site is associated with poorer survival and highlighted several significant differences between the cohorts.
Citation Format: Michelle Swedek, Xinxin Wu, Peter Silberstein, Victoria Vardell. Demographic Factors Associated with Extracutaneous Involvement in Kaposi Sarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 27.
Abstract 32: Epidemiological Characteristics and Histopathologic Patterns Cranial-Spinal Tumours (CSTs) at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) in the Lake Zone Region of Mwanza Tanzania in a Period of 8 Years
Authors: Lubuulwa James , Schroeder Kristin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: To understand the epidemiological characteristics and histopathologic patterns cranial-spinal tumours (CSTs) at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) in the lake zone region of Mwanza Tanzania
Methods: Patients who underwent biopsy (surgery for excision or incision of lesion) for different CSTs between January 2014 and June 2022 at BMC with valid histopathologic results were included in a retrospective database. Patients who had clinical and radiological diagnosis of central nervous system tumours without histopathological biopsy and patients who had primary biopsy not taken at our institution were excluded. Collected data included basic demographics, clinical presentation and histopathologic findings. Report on surgical outcomes and prognosis and mortality was not included due to lack of consistency in recordings and the retrospective nature on the study.
Results: A total of 123 cranial spinal tumors in 63 (52.1%) males and 59 (47.1%) female patients were recorded. Pediatric and adult patients accounted for 35.8% and 64.2% of the cases, respectively. The predominant age group affected was between 40 and 49 years (23.5%). The most common histopathological diagnosis in the present study was meningioma (26%), followed by astrocytic tumors (13.8%), metastatic tumors (8.1%), lymphomas (5.7%) and medulloblastomas (5.7%). The meningothelial meningioma was the most common type of meningioma (48.5%). Glioblastoma Multiforme accounted for 35% of the astrocytic tumors.
Conclusion: This retrospective study established a baseline profile of brain tumors based primarily on the histopathological experience at a tertiary care hospital in the lake zone region of Mwanza Tanzania and provides an initiating platform to workup for future population targeted studies on cranial spinal tumors.
Citation Format: James Lubuulwa, Kristin Schroeder. Epidemiological Characteristics and Histopathologic Patterns Cranial-Spinal Tumours (CSTs) at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) in the Lake Zone Region of Mwanza Tanzania in a Period of 8 Years [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 32.
Abstract 44: Hispanic Liver Cancer Patients are Underrepresented in Phase III Clinical Trials Conducted in the Last 10 Years
Authors: Monge Cecilia , Greten Tim , McGlynn Katherine , Maldonado Alberto 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Hispanics bear the largest burden of liver cancer and are currently the largest subpopulation after non-Hispanic Whites in the United States (US). We aim to further characterize this burden and the inclusion of Hispanics in multinational phase III advanced liver cancer clinical trials.
Methods and Results: Amongst the ten most common types of cancer in the US; we analyzed which cancer had the highest relative frequency in Hispanics compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). We obtained the percentages of Hispanic individuals affected by liver cancer through the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program and used the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) as a second database for comparison. We performed a database search using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science: Core Collection to identify phase III clinical trials studying advanced liver cancer in the last 10 years and collected information about enrollment of Hispanic patients.
A total of 13113 patients were included in phase III multinational clinical trials studying liver cancer in the last ten years. The percentage of Hispanic patients was 1.63%, 1.34% of the trial participants were NHB, 31.06 % were NHW and 46.89 % were Asian; while 32.1% had unknown racial/ethnic characteristics. However, from 2012 to 2019 the proportion HCC and BTC occurring in Hispanics was 23.2% and 22.6% respectively.
Conclusions: Hispanics are disproportionately affected by liver cancer and are underrepresented in multinational phase III clinical trials in the last ten years despite having the highest relative incidence rates among the three major racial/ethnic groups in the US.
Citation Format: Cecilia Monge, Tim Greten, Katherine McGlynn, Alberto Maldonado. Hispanic Liver Cancer Patients are Underrepresented in Phase III Clinical Trials Conducted in the Last 10 Years [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 44.
Abstract 55: Insurance Status and Surgical Cancer Patient Characteristics and Outcomes at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar Es Salaam Tanzania
Authors: Brand Nathan , Emanual Obedi , Boeck Marissa , Akoko Larry 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Cancer is a leading cause of death among adults in Tanzania. Surgery plays a vital role in the diagnosis, treatment, and palliation of malignancies. Laparotomy is a common surgical approach for abdominal cancer pathologies in Tanzania where access to minimally invasive surgery is limited. We aimed to understand the characteristics and laparotomy outcomes of patients with abdominal organ cancer at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), the National Referral Hospital in Dar es Salaam Tanzania.
Methods: We conducted a prospective observational cohort study of all patients over the age of 18 undergoing laparotomy at MNH from August 1st 2022-December 22nd 2022. Patients were consented and followed during their index and, if applicable, re-admission hospitalization(s), and were contacted 30-days post discharge by telephone. Cancer diagnosis was made via the operative report by the operative surgeon. Staging and final pathology was not routinely collected.
Results: Overall, 246 patients underwent laparotomy during the study period. Of those patients, 109 (44%) were diagnosed with cancer. Of the patients with cancer, 54 (50%) were male and the median age was 59 (IQR 45, 65). Insurance status was known in 101 patients and 64 (63%) were insured. Of those with insurance, 57 (89%) were covered by the National Health Insurance Fund. Uninsured patients were significantly more likely to present for an emergency operation versus insured patients (24% vs. 8%, p=0.02). In addition, insurance status was an independent risk factor for death within 30 days post-operatively after controlling for age, sex, evidence of pre-operative sepsis, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, and emergency versus scheduled surgery (OR 5.5, CI 1.4-22).
Conclusion: Access to medical and surgical services is vital for a country’s national cancer control strategy. At the National Referral Hospital in Tanzania, uninsured cancer patients are more likely to present for emergency surgery, suggesting limited access to care for these vulnerable patients. In addition, being uninsured is independently associated with increased 30-day perioperative mortality, highlighting the need to expand insurance coverage to ensure all cancer patients in Tanzania have equal access to care throughout their treatment course to achieve equitable outcomes.
Citation Format: Nathan Brand, Obedi Emanual, Marissa Boeck, Larry Akoko. Insurance Status and Surgical Cancer Patient Characteristics and Outcomes at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar Es Salaam Tanzania [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 55.
Abstract 80: The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic in Colonoscopies and Colorectal, Rectosigmoid and Anal Cancer Screening
Authors: de Andrade Rafaela , Lech Gabriele Eckerdt , Barreto Pedro Antonio Paludo Menna , Alberti Arthur Minas , Beltramo Luiza Seixas de Sá , Azambuja Fernando , da Silva Laura Tibola Marques , Kieling Lucas , Silveira Pedro Arthur Zimmer 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Colorectal, rectosigmoid and anal cancer are responsible for the death of around 20,000 people in Brazil every year. Those types of cancer typically have a slow evolution, around 10 years. Thus, colonoscopies performed periodically are an important tool in the early detection of early neoplasms, increasing the survival rate. With the advent of the Covid-19 pandemic, many procedures considered non-urgent were canceled, such as colonoscopies for cancer screening, which left thousands of patients unattended.
Methods: This is a descriptive analysis and data was collected from the DATASUS database, relating the number of colorectal, rectosigmoid and anus cancer diagnoses and performed colonoscopies among Brazilian regions in the years of 2019 and 2020.
Results: In 2019, 347,098 colonoscopies were performed in Brazil and 36,326 people were diagnosed with colorectal, rectosigmoid or anus cancer. On the other hand, in 2020, only 241,329 colonoscopies were performed, meaning a 30,4% reduction in the number of procedures. However, 36.274 people were diagnosed with colorectal, rectosigmoid or anus cancer.
Conclusion: With the advent of Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, many patients lost their connection with their hospitals and the constancy of carrying out tests, making screening and early detection of possible cancer a hard task. Although the number of diagnoses in 2020 did not have a significant drop, the decrease of more than 30% in the number of colonoscopies in that same year will have impacts not yet accounted for on the diagnoses of colorectal, rectosigmoid and anal cancers, since these cancers have a slow development. In view of this situation, solutions that recover the damned exams patients of the pandemic must be implemented so that cancer patients have a chance of treatment and cure.
Citation Format: Rafaela de Andrade, Gabriele Eckerdt Lech, Pedro Antonio Paludo Menna Barreto, Arthur Minas Alberti, Luiza Seixas de Sá Beltramo, Fernando Azambuja, Laura Tibola Marques da Silva, Lucas Kieling, Pedro Arthur Zimmer Silveira. The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic in Colonoscopies and Colorectal, Rectosigmoid and Anal Cancer Screening [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 80.
Abstract 87: Time From Symptom Development to Care Milestones at the Only Public Oncology Clinic in Belize
Authors: Wong Wayne , Dickerson James , Habet Martha , Bernard Margaret , Kelly Lorna , Lattin John , Garrity Philip , Huang Franklin , Yacab Ramon 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Belize is a middle-income Caribbean country with a fragmented healthcare system. In 2018, the first and only public medical oncology clinic was opened through a capacity building partnership with the Ministry of Health. Little is known about the country’s referral infrastructure for cancer. Here we report on the stage at presentation to the clinic, and the time from symptom development to various care milestones (biopsy, oncology clinic visit, chemo, upfront surgery), referred to as time-to-care, to establish a base timeline.
Methods: We performed a retrospective review of available data at the Karl Heusner Memorial Hospital (KHMH) oncology clinic from 2018 - 2022, gathering cancer type, stage, and the dates of care milestones (biopsy, initial clinic visit, chemo, upfront surgery). Date of symptom development was consistently documented by the treating physician (RY).
Results: The most common presenting malignancies (n=465) were breast (28%), cervical (12%), hematologic (8%), and colorectal (7%). For staged patients (n=352), the most common presentations were stage III (28%) and IV (40%). For time-to-care, patients with available data (n=208) were seen for an initial oncology clinic visit a median of 180 days (IQR 87-382) after self-reported symptom development. For time-to-chemo at any site (ex. Belize, Mexico, Guatemala), the median was 189 days (IQR 108-404). For upfront surgery at any site the median was 188 days (IQR 60-352). In contrast to these long lead times, once established at the KHMH clinic, the time from the initial oncology clinic visit to a biopsy (if not done previously) was 22 days (IQR 11-47, n=42), 18 days (IQR 5-60, n=115) to begin chemo, and 40 days (IQR 24-72, n=22) to surgery.
Conclusion: Patients were seen at the KHMH oncology clinic with predominantly late stage disease around six months after symptoms started. This is a higher fraction of stage III/IV disease than previously reported in Central America. Understanding drivers of these delays will allow for the creation of targeted public health interventions. As a marker that building infrastructure in Belize is possible, the partnership between the Belizean government and hospital administration has netted time-to-care intervals comparable to high-income nations.
Citation Format: Wayne Wong, James Dickerson, Martha Habet, Margaret Bernard, Lorna Kelly, John Lattin, Philip Garrity, Franklin Huang, Ramon Yacab. Time From Symptom Development to Care Milestones at the Only Public Oncology Clinic in Belize [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 87.
Abstract 89: Translation and Linguistic Validation of the Mastectomy Module of the BREAST-Q Questionnaire for Use in Nigeria
Authors: Olasehinde Olalekan , Romanoff Anya 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: The majority of breast cancer patients in sub-Saharan Africa are recommended to have mastectomy; The impact of mastectomy on a predominantly young African patient population requires evaluation. The BREAST-Q is a validated patient-reported outcome measure of quality-of-life following breast surgery that has been translated into 30 languages-none in Africa. This study aimed to translate and validate the mastectomy module of the BREAST-Q for use in Nigeria.
Methods: The BREAST-Q mastectomy module was translated from English to Yoruba (a major Nigerian language) and linguistically validated using best practice guidelines. Translation was performed in 4 steps: forward translation (x 2), back translation, back translation review, and cognitive interviews with post-mastectomy patients. The translated BREAST-Q instrument was administered to post-mastectomy patients (n=21) alongside the EORTC-QLQ BR23 to evaluate construct validity.
Results: The translation process identified phrases not amenable to direct translation, including “emotionally healthy” and descriptions of pain (“nagging,” “throbbing,” “sharp”). Translations were amended to reflect local context and question intent. Patients provided suggestions to simplify complex phrases, such as “discomfort in your breast area.”during cognitive interviews. Internal consistency within scales was over the 0.70 threshold for psychosocial wellbeing (α=0.84-0.87), sexual wellbeing (α =0.98-0.99), physical wellbeing in chest (α =0.84-0.86), and satisfaction with care (α =0.89-0.93). ICC for test-retest reliability was moderate (0.46-0.63).
Conclusion: The Yoruba version of the BREAST-Q mastectomy module in Yoruba presents a conceptually equivalent version in a language that is easy to understand.. We will use this validated instrument in a pilot study of Nigerian patients to identify targets for intervention to improve the patient experience and compliance with breast cancer surgery.
Citation Format: Olalekan Olasehinde, Anya Romanoff. Translation and Linguistic Validation of the Mastectomy Module of the BREAST-Q Questionnaire for Use in Nigeria [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 89.