bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic and Fuzzy Nonlinear Discontinuous Aeroelastic Analysis of In-plane FG Panels in Supersonic Flow with Mechanical and Thermal In-plane Loadings
Authors: Hussein Omar S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the uncertain discontinuous nonlinear aeroelastic behavior of in-plane bi-directional functionally graded (FG) metal nanocomposite panels. The panels are subjected to supersonic flow and in-plane mechanical and thermal loadings. This type of FG structures is manufactured using additive manufacturing technologies which might lead to uncertain properties of the manufactured parts due to manufacturing uncertainties, modeling uncertainties in the mathematical and physical formulations used to predict their properties, or uncertainties in the constituent materials properties themselves. These sources of uncertainties might be known with defined probability density functions or defined with uncertain intervals only (fuzzy). Therefore, the mechanical and thermal properties of the nanocomposite material are modeled as uncertain random variables or random fields with known probability distribution function (pdf) or uncertain fuzzy variables or fields with given intervals. The random fields are modeled using the Karhunen–Loève expansion (KLE), and the uncertain output variables are modeled using the Hermite polynomial chaos expansion method (HPCE). The effects of the material properties uncertainties type (fuzzy vs. probabilistic), the cross-correlation between the thermal and mechanical properties, the random fields properties (correlation length, stationary vs. non-stationary, etc.) on the dynamic stability thresholds and the nonlinear limit cycle oscillation are studied.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer
Authors: McIlvanna Emily , McCarthy Caroline , Gurzawska-Comis Katarzyna 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To describe the global impact of COVID-19 on oral cancer incidence and prognosis and to inform strategies for early detection and prevention.

Recent Findings
There is international evidence of delayed diagnosis and more advanced oral tumours presenting during the pandemic. Lockdowns were also associated with delayed surgeries and compromised treatment. School closures during the pandemic resulted in a rapid decline of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine coverage among adolescents globally. There was a rise in risk factor uptake in the form of tobacco use and alcohol consumptions across many parts of the world to manage stress and boredom during the pandemic. The economic fallout from the pandemic is another barrier to dental access and therefore early cancer detection.

Summary
The full impact of the pandemic on oral cancer incidence and mortality may not be seen for some time. Strategies aimed at prevention and early detection of oral cancer should be prioritised.
Investigation of the influence of model control parameters on fracture characteristics of GPU parallel FDEM
Authors: Wang Weiqin , Ren Jianju , Liu Kaide , Ma Hao , Liu Pan , Yuan Kekuo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSurrounding rock mass fracture characteristics play a significant role in the understanding of the CO2 geological storage and utilization (CGSU) engineering practices in abandoned mines. The combined finite discrete element method (FDEM) shows advantages in simulating fracture and fragmentation of rock-like materials, however, many computational parameters and a lack of basis for accurate values affect the simulation results. For systematic explorations of the influence of the effect of model parameters with different time steps, this study conducted different loading rate specimen tests and unloading rate tests both in laboratory-scale tests and field-scale based on the CUDA-based GPU parallel FDEM program. In laboratory-scale uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) tests, a smaller loading rate ensures a quasi-static loading process and should be below 0.1 ms−1 for simulation. Then, continuous optimization and improvement of the GPU parallel FDEM in tunnel excavation were proposed, and the model parameters reflect the continuous improvement of the simulation results. In the process, the tunnel excavation simulation method with the reduction rate of the opening zone’s Young's modulus in the excavation was performed to investigate the unloading mode and rate by continuing to optimize the GPU parallel FDEM program and model parameters. Besides, the main factor in fracture mode and failure mechanism of the surrounding rock mass also was calibrated. The results indicate that the system kinetic energy of the model is maintained at a small level with the reasonable unloading mode and critical threshold set at a small value, the damping parameters, dissipation mechanism, and excavation fractures are clearer and reasonable, and the computational cost is significantly reduced with GPU parallel FDEM.
Cognitive training in surgical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Yu , Fang Panpan , Shang Zixiang , Zhu Wenjie , Gao Shan , Liu Xuesheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCognitive training (CT) has been shown to reduce the risk of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in surgical patients undergoing general anesthesia, but the evidence is controversial. Additionally, whether different timings of CT have diverse effects and which surgical populations benefit most are unclear. To answer these questions, we searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library through July 18, 2022, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CT in surgical patients with general anesthesia reporting cognitive outcomes, and found 13 studies including 989 patients. Pooled analysis showed that CT could significantly reduce the incidence of POCD (k=7, RR=0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI)=[0.34–0.78]), especially for the noncardiac surgery population (k=4, RR=0.43 [0.29–0.63], P<0.01, I2 =0%). The pooled RRs for preoperative CT and postoperative CT were both low and statistically significant, while that for perioperative CT was not (k=2, RR=0.42 [0.25–0.70], P<0.01, I2=0% vs k=4, RR=0.43 [0.28–0.67], P<0.01, I2=0% vs k=1, RR=1.44 [0.69–3.01], P=0.34, I2=0%). Small to moderate effects were found for executive function, speed, language and verbal memory, while no statistically significant effects were found for postoperative delirium (POD), global cognition, working memory, and psychosocial functioning, including depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms. Although RCT evidence remains sparse, current evidence suggests that preoperative and postoperative CT may help reduce the incidence of POCD, particularly in the noncardiac surgery population, and improve specific cognitive domains in surgical patients. This intervention therefore warrants longer-term and larger-scale trials to examine the effects on the risk of POD and application to the cardiac surgery population.
Graphical Abstract
Snow and ice in the desert: reflections from a decade of connecting cryospheric science with communities in the semiarid Chilean Andes
Authors: MacDonell Shelley , Núñez Farías Paloma , Aliste Valentina , Ayala Álvaro , Guzmán Camilo , Jofré Díaz Patricio , Schaffer Nicole , Schauwecker Simone , Sproles Eric A. , Yáñez San Francisco Eduardo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCitizen science and related engagement programmes have proliferated in recent years throughout the sciences but have been reasonably limited in the cryospheric sciences. In the semiarid Andes we at the Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas have developed a range of initiatives together with the wider community and stakeholder institutions to improve our understanding of the role snow and ice play in headwater catchments. In this paper we reflect on ongoing engagement with communities living and working in and near study sites of cryospheric science in northern Chile as a strategy that can both strengthen the research being done and empower local communities.
COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance, Trust in Vaccine, Anxiety Levels, and Related Factors in Turkish Society
Authors: Aydın Merve , Kulakaç Nurşen , Uzun Şahin Ceyda 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background:
Vaccine acceptance and trust in vaccines pose a complex process affected by many factors. The present study was conducted to determine coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine acceptance, trust in vaccines, anxiety levels, and related factors in Turkish society.

Methods:
The data of this cross-sectional and descriptive-correlational study were collected with the snowball method by using an online questionnaire throughout Turkey. The study was conducted between March 15 and April 3, 2021, with 3148 participants from 7 regions and 81 cities in Turkey.

Results:
It was found that the participants accepted the vaccine at 72.8%, and the trust rate in the vaccine was 66.0%. It was also found that women, single participants, those who had immune system diseases, and with COVID-19 had higher Coronavirus Anxiety Scale scores at significant levels. According to Logistic Regression Analysis, gender, age, trust in the vaccine, perception of risk levels regarding COVID-19, and coronavirus anxiety levels are factors affecting the intentions of participants to accept/reject the vaccine. It was determined that male participants were more likely to accept the coronavirus vaccine (P = 0.028). It was found that health-care employees had higher trust in the coronavirus vaccine (P = 0.006) and acceptance rates (P = 0.010) at significant levels compared with the general population.

Conclusion:
The COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate in Turkish society was found to be high, and the level of trust in vaccines and anxiety levels were above the moderate level.
An Epistemic Account of Populism
Authors: Müller Julian F. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The genus problem of populism presents one of the most vexing conceptual questions across the social sciences: Some theorists believe that populism is nothing more than an assembly of discursive patterns, while others maintain that populism is a strategy to gain political power. Then there are those that argue that populism is a thin ideology that lacks a coherent set of guiding principles. The paper intervenes in this debate in two ways: First, it offers a methodological apparatus for evaluating and developing contested concepts such as populism. Second, it puts forward and defends the claim that populism can be fruitfully understood as a coherent ideology that rests on four foundational principles. These principles, I will argue, are necessary for explaining the paradigmatic beliefs and dispositions exhibited by exponents of populism. One of the key characteristics of populism, on the account developed in this paper, is its peculiar epistemic stance.
A Defense of Explanationism against Recent Objections
Authors: Bogardus Tomas , Perrin Will 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In the recent literature on the nature of knowledge, a rivalry has emerged between modalism and explanationism. According to modalism, knowledge requires that our beliefs track the truth across some appropriate set of possible worlds. Modalists tend to focus on two modal conditions: sensitivity and safety. According to explanationism, knowledge requires only that beliefs bear the right sort of explanatory relation to the truth. In slogan form: knowledge is believing something because it's true. In this paper, we aim to vindicate explanationism from some recent objections offered by Gualtiero Piccinini, Dario Mortini, and Kenneth Boyce and Andrew Moon. Together, these authors present five purported counterexamples to the sufficiency of the explanationist analysis for knowledge. In addition, Mortini devises a clever argument that explanationism entails the violation of a plausible closure principle on knowledge. We will argue that explanationism is innocent of all these charges against it, and we hope that the strength of the defense we offer of explanationism is evidence in its favor, and a reason to investigate explanationism further as the long-elusive truth about the nature of knowledge.
Are the Effects of Terrorism Short-Lived?
Authors: Bove Vincenzo , Efthyvoulou Georgios , Pickard Harry 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTerrorism elicits strong public reactions immediately after the attack, with important implications for democratic institutions and individual well-being. Are these effects short-lived? We answer this question using a natural experiment design and combining data on terrorist attacks in the United Kingdom with a Continuous Monitoring Survey. We find that heightened risk perceptions and emotional reactions in the wake of deadly attacks do not dissipate in the very short run but are sustained over time and up to 120 days after the attacks. Whereas large-scale attacks cause a long-lasting shift in risk assessments and emotions, the corresponding effect of smaller-scale terrorism incidents appears to subside within one month. Overall, the impact of terrorism does not fade away easily.
Arctic adventure cruise shipping network: Itinerary characteristics and spatial structure
Authors: Long Zukun , Ren Xiaoyun , Li Xumao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The frigid geographical environment in the Arctic has shaped the exploration attribute of the polar cruise shipping network. In this study, the typical characteristics and special structure of the Arctic adventure cruise shipping network are investigated by using the network analysis method based on the data of 172 adventure cruise itineraries in the Arctic. It is found that the Arctic adventure cruise itineraries are dominated by 8–17 days of medium itineraries, and the ratio of one-way itineraries to round-trip itineraries is about 1:1. There are differences in the centrality of different ports, forming two core ports Reykjavík and Longyearbyen and a sub-core port Kangerlussuaq. The overall contact strength of the Arctic adventure cruise shipping network is low. Under the joint influence of such factors as centrality and contact strength, the Arctic constitutes the dual-core clusters of Iceland and Svalbard Islands and a sub-core cluster of Greenland.
Elemental psychopathology: distilling constituent symptoms and patterns of repetition in the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5
Authors: Forbes Miriam K. , Neo Bryan , Nezami Omid Mohamed , Fried Eiko I. , Faure Katherine , Michelsen Brier , Twose Maddison , Dras Mark 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe DSM-5 features hundreds of diagnoses comprising a multitude of symptoms, and there is considerable repetition in the symptoms among diagnoses. This repetition undermines what we can learn from studying individual diagnostic constructs because it can obscure both disorder- and symptom-specific signals. However, these lost opportunities are currently veiled because symptom repetition in the DSM-5 has not been quantified.MethodThis descriptive study mapped the repetition among the 1419 symptoms described in 202 diagnoses of adult psychopathology in section II of the DSM-5. Over a million possible symptom comparisons needed to be conducted, for which we used both qualitative content coding and natural language processing.ResultsIn total, we identified 628 distinct symptoms: 397 symptoms (63.2%) were unique to a single diagnosis, whereas 231 symptoms (36.8%) repeated across multiple diagnoses a total of 1022 times (median 3 times per symptom; range 2–22). Some chapters had more repetition than others: For example, every symptom of every diagnosis in the bipolar and related disorders chapter was repeated in other chapters, but there was no repetition for any symptoms of any diagnoses in the elimination disorders, gender dysphoria or paraphilic disorders. The most frequently repeated symptoms included insomnia, difficulty concentrating, and irritability – listed in 22, 17 and 16 diagnoses, respectively. Notably, the top 15 most frequently repeating diagnostic criteria were dominated by symptoms of major depressive disorder.ConclusionOverall, our findings lay the foundation for a better understanding of the extent and potential consequences of symptom overlap.
Language and doctrine in Parmenides’Way of Reality
Authors: Tor Shaul 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs early as Plato and as recently as current scholarship, readers of Parmenides have diagnosed tensions of one sort or another between his ontological views and the language through which he expresses those views. In the first instance, this article examines earlier claims for such tensions and argues that they are predicated on problematic assumptions concerning Parmenides’ ontological commitments or his strictures regarding the use of language. In the second instance, however, it argues that Parmenides’Way of Realitydoes indeed confront us with tensions between language and doctrine, that these tensions are more pointed and sustained than scholars generally recognize and that they can be identified independently of specific or determinate elaboration of Parmenides’ precise ontological views. This analysis discloses a reflective preoccupation with, and a consistent attitude towards, the scope and limitations of human language. Parmenides persistently evinces his awareness that his description of what-is proceeds through expressive measures that are imported with difficulty from a different domain and, consequently, are limited, indirect and often figurative. The article closes by pointing to a meaningful (but partial) affinity between Parmenides and those Platonists who placed their own ultimate philosophical and ontological principle beyond the expressive reach of words.
Understanding the Barriers to and Facilitators of Anxiety Management in Residents of Long-Term Care
Authors: Atchison Kayla , Toohey Ann M. , Ismail Zahinoor , Goodarzi Zahra 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOlder adults, 65 years of age and older, living in long-term care (LTC) commonly experience anxiety. This study aimed to understand care providers’ perspectives on the barriers to and facilitators of managing anxiety in residents of LTC. Ten semi-structured interviews with care providers in LTC were completed. Framework analysis methods were used to code, thematically analyze, designate codes as barriers or facilitators, and map the codes to the Theoretical Domains Framework. Themes were categorized as acting at the resident, provider, or system level, and were labelled as either barriers to or facilitators of anxiety care. Key barriers to anxiety care at each level were resident cognitive impairment or co-morbidities; lack of staff education, staff treatment uptake and implementation; as well as the care delivery environment and access to resources. There is a need to prioritize measurement-based care for anxiety, have increased access to non-pharmacological treatments, and have a care delivery environment that supports anxiety management to improve the care for anxiety that is delivered to residents.
Cardiovascular remodelling in response to exercise training in patients after the Fontan procedure: a pilot study
Authors: Bano Maria , Hussain Tarique , Samels Mitchel R. , Butts Ryan J. , Kirk Richard , Levine Benjamin D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground:The cardiovascular adaptations associated with structured exercise training in Fontan patients remain unknown. We hypothesised that short-term training causes cardiac remodelling and parallel improvement in maximal exercise capacity (VO2 max) in these patients.Methods and Results:Five patients, median age 19.5 (17.6–21.3) years, with a history of Fontan operation meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria, participated in a 3-month training programme designed to improve endurance. Magnetic resonance images for assessment of cardiac function, fibrosis, cardiac output, and liver elastography to assess stiffness were obtained at baseline and after training. Maximal exercise capacity (VO2 max) and cardiac output Qc (effective pulmonary blood flow) at rest and during exercise were measured (C2H2 rebreathing) at the same interval. VO2 max increased from median (IQR) 27.2 (26–28.7) to 29.6 (28.5–32.2) ml/min/kg (p = 0.04). There was an improvement in cardiac output (Qc) during maximal exercise testing from median (IQR) 10.3 (10.1–12.3) to 12.3 (10.9–14.9) l/min, but this change was variable (p = 0.14). Improvement in VO2 max correlated with an increase in ventricular mass (r = 0.95, p = 0.01), and improvement in Quality-of-life inventory (PedsQL) Cardiac scale scores for patient-reported symptoms (r = 0.90, p = 0.03) and cognitive problems (r = 0.89, p = 0.04). The correlation between VO2 max and Qc showed a positive trend but was not significant (r = 0.8, p = 0.08). No adverse cardiac or liver adaptations were noted.Conclusion:Short-term training improved exercise capacity in this Fontan pilot without any adverse cardiac or liver adaptations. These results warrant further study in a larger population and over a longer duration of time.Trial Registration Number:NCT03263312, Unique Protocol ID: STU 122016-037; Registration Date: 18 January, 2017.
Characterization of imazamox-resistant shattercane (Sorghum bicolor L.) populations from Kansas
Authors: Kumar Vipan , Liu Rui , Chauhan Deepika , Perumal Ramasamy , Morran Sarah , Gaines Todd A. , Jha Prashant 
Published: September 2023

AbstractShattercane is a problematic summer annual grass weed species in regions that produce grain sorghum. Three shattercane populations (DC8, GH4, and PL8) collected from sorghum fields from northwestern Kansas survived the field-use rate (52 g ha−1) of postemergence-applied imazamox. The main objectives of this research were to 1) confirm and characterize the level of resistance to imazamox in putative imazamox-resistant (IMI-R) shattercane populations, 2) investigate the underlying mechanism of resistance, and 3) determine the effectiveness of postemergence herbicides for controlling IMI-R populations. A previously known imazamox susceptible (SUS) shattercane population from Rooks County, KS, was used. All three putative populations exhibited a 4.1-fold to 6.0-fold resistance to imazamox compared with the SUS population. The ALS gene sequences from all IMI-R populations did not reveal any known target-site resistance mutations. A pretreatment with malathion, which inhibits cytochrome P450, followed by imazamox at various doses, reversed the resistance phenotype of the PL8 population. In a separate greenhouse study, postemergence treatments with nicosulfuron, quizalofop, clethodim, and glyphosate resulted in ≥96% injury to all IMI-R populations. The lack of known ALS target-site mutations and the reversal of resistance phenotype by malathion suggest the possibility of metabolism-based resistance to imazamox in PL8 shattercane population.