bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal mortality during war time in Tigray, Ethiopia: A community‐based study
Authors: Legesse Awol Yemane , Teka Tseghay Hale , Abraha Hiluf Ebuy , Fisseha Girmatsion , Ebrahim Mohamedawel Mohamedniguss , Tsadik Mache , Berhe Bereket , Gebrekurstos Gebrehaweria , Ayele Brhane , Gebremeskel Tesfit , Gebremariam Tsega , Hadush Marta Yemane , Hagos Tigist , Gebreziabiher Abreha , Muez Kibrom , Mulugeta Afework , Tesfay Haile , Godefay Hagos 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study seeks to examine the impact of war on maternal mortality following an exacerbation in the dynamics of inequality in maternal health caused by the continuing conflict.DesignCommunity‐based cross‐sectional study.SettingTigray region of Northern Ethiopia, between November 2020 and May 2022.PopulationThis study surveyed a total of 189 087 households from six of the seven zones of Tigray in 121 tabiyas from 31 districts selected. A multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select the districts and tabiyas.MethodsThe study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, reproductive‐age deaths that occurred during the study period were screened. In the second phase, verbal autopsies were conducted at the screened households.Main Outcome MeasuresMaternal mortality ratio level and cause‐specific mortality.ResultsThe results of the study showed that the maternal mortality ratio was 840 (95% CI 739–914) per 100 000 live births. Haemorrhage, 107 (42.8%), pregnancy‐induced hypertension, 21 (8.4%), and accidents, 14 (5.6%), were the main causes of mortality. Additionally, 203 (81.2%) of the mothers died outside of a health facility.ConclusionsThis study has shown a higher maternal mortality ratio following the dynamics of the Tigray war, as compared with the pre‐war level of 186/100 000. Furthermore, potentially many of the pregnancy‐related deaths could have been prevented with access to preventive and emergency services. Given the destruction and looting of many facilities, the restoration and improvement of the Tigray health system must take precedence.
Dynamic feature analysis of handwritten electronic signatures based on Fourier transform
Authors: Yang Yang , Han Xingzhou , Qin Da 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe utilization of handwritten electronic signatures has expanded in various application scenarios, leading to an increased demand for identification. Unlike handwriting signatures, handwritten electronic signatures offer the advantage of extracting dynamic feature data, including writing pressure, velocity, and acceleration. In this study, the Fourier transform was employed to extract 18 characteristics from the time domain and frequency domain of writing pressure, velocity, and acceleration. The experimental findings revealed distinguishable differences between genuine signatures and random forgeries in writing pressure. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in writing velocity and writing acceleration. Moreover, significant differences were detected in most characteristics when comparing genuine signatures with freehand imitation forgeries and tracing imitation forgeries. The canonical discriminant analysis was performed between the genuine and Non‐genuine signatures; the cross‐validation estimated the discriminating power of these characteristics with a satisfactory result. The study proposed a new approach to analyzing handwritten electronic signatures using time‐domain and frequency‐domain characteristics and demonstrated its effectiveness in the examination.
Fatal poisoning due to ingestion of boiled oleander leaf extract
Authors: Okuda Hirozumi , Fukushima Hidetada , Nakatsukasa Tomoaki , Yamamoto Koji , Kaizaki‐Mitsumoto Asuka , Numazawa Satoshi , Kamijo Yoshito 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNerium oleander is an ornamental evergreen shrub belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The Apocynaceae family includes the attractive evergreen shrub known as oleander. The cardiotoxic glycoside, oleandrin, is present in all portions of the common oleander plant. Oleander consumption can result in deadly situations accidentally or as a suicide attempt. After consuming kettle‐boiled oleander leaf extract as part of a suicide attempt, an 80‐year‐old man was discovered comatose in his home and taken to our emergency room. The patient's heart rate was 30 beats per minute, and he had hypotension. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed remarkable metabolic acidosis and hyperkalemia (K: 7.7 mEq/L). An electrocardiogram showed a wide QRS wave, similar to a sine curve. The patient collapsed following cardiac arrest soon after hospital arrival. Veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was initiated; however, the patient eventually died. The serum level of oleandrin at hospital arrival, subsequently measured by LC–MS/MS, was found to be 33.4 ng/mL, far above the levels reported in previous fatal cases.
Modeling of soluble solid content of PE‐packaged blueberries based on near‐infrared spectroscopy with back propagation neural network and partial least squares (BP–PLS) algorithm
Authors: Chen Ya , Li Yaoxiang , Williams Roger A. , Zhang Zheyu , Peng Rundong , Liu Xiaoli , Xing Tao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBlueberries are a nutritious and popular berry worldwide. The physical and chemical properties of blueberries constantly change through the cycle of the supply chain (from harvest to sale). The purpose of this study was to develop a rapid method for detecting the properties of packaged blueberries based on near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. NIR was applied to quantitatively determine the soluble solid content (SSC) of polyethylene (PE)‐packaged blueberries. An orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis model was established to show the correlation between spectral data and the measured SSC. Multiplicative scattering correction, standard normal variable, Savitzky–Golay convolution first derivative, and normalization (Normalize) were used for spectra preprocessing. Uninformative variables elimination, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling, and iteratively retaining informative variables were jointly used for wavelength optimization. NIR‐based SSC prediction models for unpacked blueberries and PE‐packaged blueberries were developed using partial least squares (PLS). The prediction model for PE‐packaged samples (RP2= 0.876, root mean square error of prediction [RMSEP] = 0.632) had less precision than the model for unpacked samples (RP2= 0.953, RMSEP = 0.611). To reduce the effect of PE, the back propagation (BP) neural network and PLS were combined into the BP–PLS algorithm based on the residual learning algorithm. The model of BP–PLS (RP2= 0.947, RMSEP = 0.414) was successfully developed to improve the prediction accuracy of SSC for PE‐packaged blueberries. The results suggested a promising way of using the BP–PLS method in tandem with NIR for the rapid detection of the SSC of PE‐packaged blueberries.Practical ApplicationMost of the NIR‐based research used unpacked blueberries as samples, while the use of packaged blueberries would provide researchers with a better understanding of the crucial factors at different phases of the blueberry supply chain (from harvest to sale). To meet market demands and minimize losses, NIR spectroscopy has been proven to be a rapid and nondestructive method for the determination of the SSC of PE‐packaged blueberries. This study provides an effective method for monitoring the properties of blueberries in the entire supply chain.
Exploring resource implications and models of care for assessment and diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: A scoping review
Authors: Kent Nykola , Hayes Nicole , Young Sophia , Vanderpeet Chelsea , Shanley Dianne , Harris Katrina , Pestell Carmela , Elliott Elizabeth , Reid Natasha 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPrevious reviews have examined annual mean costs of care for individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), costs of the health burden, costs to the justice system, productivity losses for caregivers, and both the monetary and nonmonetary costs of reduced quality of life. However, because there have been no published reviews focused on understanding the resource implications and specific service features for the assessment and diagnostic process for FASD, the current scoping review investigated the available evidence on these topics. Eligible studies were identified through a systematic search of six databases and included if they contained information on the potential costs or models of care associated with undertaking an assessment for FASD. Data were charted, underwent content analysis, and were reported according to the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. Eleven studies were included in the final qualitative synthesis. The primary patient costs were attributed to the lengthy time required for diagnosis (up to 47 h). The primary service costs were attributed to costs of clinicians and support personnel and the involvement of multidisciplinary teams in the assessment process. Estimates of the specific dollar values of diagnostic costs were limited and varied between studies. Several models of care were explored, primarily in Canadian clinics, which aimed to capitalize on available services to improve accessibility and patient care and reduce service costs. This study provides important preliminary insights into the resource implications and models of care involved in the diagnostic assessment of FASD. However, the low number of available studies and variability in available data highlight the need for formal costing studies and detailed information gathering on available models of care to inform future clinical practice and policy development.
Predictors of West African urban bird species richness and composition
Authors: Adegbola Festus O. , Ayodele Ibukunoluwa Augustine , Iwajomo Soladoye B. , Adeyanju Taiye A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUrbanisation and its associated habitat loss and fragmentation are considered a major threat to wildlife. In this study, we assessed the predictors of bird species abundance, richness and composition within 70 cells of 500 m by 500 m spread across the five urban areas constituting Ibadan metropolis. A total of 4167 individuals of 55 species belonging to 30 families were recorded. We report that Laughing dove Streptopelia senegalensis, Speckled pigeon Columba guinea and Yellow‐billed kite Milvus aegyptius contributed to a greater proportion of bird abundance across sites and Columbidae was the most abundant bird family. Bird species richness increased significantly with tree abundance but decreased significantly with the number of pedestrians. Similarly, foraging guild richness declined significantly with the number of pedestrians. Granivores and scavengers constituted the most abundant foraging guilds. Areas with high pedestrians' traffic were associated with fewer trees and were dominated by fewer numbers of species belonging to a few foraging guilds. This is likely because such areas offer limited foraging opportunities or cover from potential predators. We conclude that improving urban landscape characteristics through revegetation, establishment of green spaces and buffering from human disturbance will improve the composition and richness of avian species in the Ibadan metropolis.
Warfarin and aspirin versus warfarin alone for prevention of bleeding and thrombotic events in patients with a HeartMate 3™ left ventricular assist device
Authors: Yi Michelle , Iyer Prashanth , Byku Mirnela , Hollis Ian B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe conducted a single‐center, retrospective comparison of adult patients who received warfarin and ASA or warfarin alone after HeartMate 3 (HM3) LVAD placement.MethodsThe primary outcome was a composite of bleeding and thrombotic events.ResultsOf 81 patients, 53 patients received warfarin and ASA, and 28 patients received warfarin alone. A primary outcome event occurred in 22 of 53 patients (41.4%) in the warfarin and ASA group and in 2 of 28 patients (7.1%) in the warfarin alone group (p = 0.0533). The odds of a bleeding event occurring were higher in the warfarin and ASA group (32.1% vs. 7.1%, p = 0.01309). The odds of a thrombotic event occurring were not significantly different between the warfarin and ASA group and the warfarin alone group (9.4% vs. 0%, respectively, p = 0.1582).ConclusionThe complete omission of ASA from the antithrombotic regimen of patients with a HM3 LVAD was associated with less bleeding events without an increase in thrombotic events.
A prototype protocol for evaluating the real‐world data set using a structured electronic health record in glaucoma
Authors: Sulonen Sakari , Leinonen Sanna , Lehtonen Eemil , Hujanen Pekko , Vaajanen Anu , Syvänen Ulla , Hemelings Ruben , Stalmans Ingeborg , Tuulonen Anja , Uusitalo‐Jarvinen Hannele 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeAs the first step in monitoring and evaluating day‐to‐day glaucoma care, this study reports all real‐world data recorded during the first full year after the implementation of a prototype for glaucoma‐specific structured electronic healthcare record (EHR).MethodsIn 2019, 4618 patients visited Tays Medical Glaucoma Clinic at Tays Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Finland, that serves a population of 0.53 M. Patient data were entered into a glaucoma‐specific EHR by trained nurses to be checked by glaucoma specialists. Tays Eye Centre follows the Finnish Current Care Guideline for glaucoma in which glaucoma is defined using a ‘2 out of 3’ rule, that is, ≥2 findings evaluated as glaucomatous in optic nerve head (ONH), retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and visual field (VF).ResultsThe clinical evaluations of ONH, RNFL and VF were recorded in 95%–100% of all eyes. ONH was evaluated as glaucomatous more often (44%) than RNFL (33%) and VF tests (30%). Progressive changes in any of the three tests were recorded in 35% of the ‘≥2/3 glaucoma group’ compared to 2%–9% in the other groups. The mean IOP at visit was 15 mmHg. The mean target IOP was 17 mmHg, and it was recorded in 94% of eyes.ConclusionThe developed structured data presentation enables comparisons between different population‐based real‐world glaucoma data sets and glaucoma clinics. Compared to a data set from the UK, the proportion of glaucoma suspicion‐related visits was smaller in Tays Eye Centre and test intervals were longer.
具身博物馆: 虚拟技术视域下的博物馆具身化转向
Authors: Zhou Wupeng 
Published: September 2023

摘 要博物馆实践中的展示、教育、收藏、研究与观众服务,无不涉及身体本身与身体技术的概念化。博物馆本身的认知性积累及其物质形式,不但牵涉科学与文化的不同观点,也牵涉内在与外在、集体与个人、身体与灵魂之间互补性的二元区分。身体在博物馆中始终是一个不可或缺的重要维度。因此,本文旨在通过分析身体在博物馆中的基础作用来探讨未来博物馆以身体为中心的发展趋势,即从博物馆如何实现身体的在场出发,从博物馆物的历史文化实践性过渡到博物馆身体的社会属性,一直延续至当今虚拟技术视域下的博物馆具身化转向。
Comparative retention and effectiveness of migraine preventive treatments: A nationwide registry‐based cohort study
Authors: Bjørk Marte H. , Borkenhagen Solveig , Oteiza Francisco , Dueland Aud N. , Sørgaard Frank E. , Sæther Erik Magnus , Bugge Christoffer 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeLittle is known about the comparative effects of migraine preventive drugs. We aimed to estimate treatment retention and effectiveness of migraine preventive drugs in a nationwide registry‐based cohort study in Norway between 2010 and 2020.MethodsWe assessed retention, defined as the number of uninterrupted treatment days, and effectiveness, defined as the reduction in filled triptan prescriptions during four 90‐day periods after the first preventive prescription, compared to a 90‐day baseline period. We compared retention and efficacy for different drugs against beta blockers. Comparative retention was estimated with hazard ratios (HRs), adjusted for covariates, using Cox regression, and effectiveness as odds ratios (ORs) using logistic regression, with propensity‐weighted adjustment for covariates.ResultsWe identified 104,072 migraine patients, 81,890 of whom were female (78.69%) and whose mean (standard deviation) age was 44.60 (15.61) years. Compared to beta blockers, botulinum toxin (HR 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.42–0.44) and calcitonin gene‐related peptide pathway antibodies (CGRPabs; HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.59–0.66) were the least likely to be discontinued, while clonidine (HR 2.95, 95% CI 2.88–3.02) and topiramate (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.31–1.37) were the most likely to be discontinued. Patients on simvastatin, CGRPabs, and amitriptyline were more likely to achieve a clinically significant reduction in triptan use during the first 90 days of treatment, with propensity score‐adjusted ORs of 1.28 (95% CI 1.19–1.38), 1.23 (95% CI 0.79–1.90), and 1.13 (95% CI 1.08–1.17), respectively.ConclusionsWe found a favorable effect of CGRPabs, amitriptyline, and simvastatin compared with beta blockers, while topiramate and clonidine were associated with poorer outcomes.
Late‐onset Tay−Sachs disease presenting with a neuromuscular phenotype—a case series
Authors: Fullam Sarah , Togher Zara , Power Alan , Kennelly Laura , McHugh John C. , O'Dowd Sean , Tubridy Niall , Hardiman Orla , Costigan Donal , Ryan Aisling , Lefter Stela , Connolly Sean , Murphy Sinead M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeTay−Sachs disease is a rare and often fatal, autosomal recessive, lysosomal storage disease. Deficiency in β‐hexosaminidase leads to accumulation of GM2 ganglioside resulting in neuronal swelling and degeneration. Typical onset is in infancy with developmental regression and early death. Late‐onset Tay−Sachs disease (LOTS) is extremely rare, especially in the non‐Ashkenazi Jewish population, and is characterized by a more indolent presentation typically encompassing features of cerebellar and anterior horn cell dysfunction in addition to extrapyramidal and neuropsychiatric symptoms.CasesA case series of four unrelated patients of non‐Ashkenazi Jewish origin with a predominantly, and in some cases pure, neuromuscular phenotype with evidence of a motor neuronopathy on electromyography is presented. Cerebellar atrophy, reported to be a ubiquitous feature in LOTS, was absent in all patients.ConclusionThis case series provides evidence to support a pure neuromuscular phenotype in LOTS, which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of anterior horn cell disorders.
Association of magnetic resonance imaging phenotypes and serum biomarker levels with treatment response and long‐term disease outcomes in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Midaglia Luciana , Rovira Alex , Miró Berta , Río Jordi , Fissolo Nicolás , Castilló Joaquín , Sánchez Alex , Montalban Xavier , Comabella Manuel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe aim was to evaluate whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phenotypes defined by inflammation and neurodegeneration markers correlate with serum levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients; and to explore the role of radiological phenotypes and biomarker levels on treatment response and long‐term prognostic outcomes.MethodsMagnetic resonance imaging scans from 80 RRMS patients were classified at baseline of interferon‐beta (IFNβ) treatment into radiological phenotypes defined by high and low inflammation and high and low neurodegeneration, based on the number of contrast‐enhancing lesions, brain parenchymal fraction and the relative volume of non‐enhancing black holes on T1‐weighted images. Serum levels of NfL and GFAP were measured at baseline with single molecule array (Simoa) assays. MRI phenotypes and serum biomarker levels were investigated for their association with IFNβ response, and times to second‐line therapies, secondary‐progressive MS (SPMS) conversion and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 6.0.ResultsMean (SD) follow‐up was 17 (2.9) years. Serum NfL levels and GFAP were higher in the high inflammation (p = 0.04) and high neurodegeneration phenotypes (p = 0.03), respectively. The high inflammation phenotype was associated with poor response to IFNβ treatment (p = 0.04) and with shorter time to second‐line therapies (p = 0.04). In contrast, the high neurodegeneration phenotype was associated with shorter time to SPMS (p = 0.006) and a trend towards shorter time to EDSS 6.0 (p = 0.09). High serum NfL levels were associated with poor response to IFNβ treatment (p = 0.004).ConclusionsMagnetic resonance imaging phenotypes defined by inflammation and neurodegeneration correlate with serum biomarker levels, and both have prognostic implications in treatment response and long‐term disease outcomes.
Interictal epileptiform discharges contribute to word‐finding difficulty in epilepsy through multiple cognitive mechanisms
Authors: Silva Alexander B. , Leonard Matthew K. , Oganian Yulia , D'Esopo Emma , Krish Devon , Kopald Brandon , Tran Edwina B. , Chang Edward F. , Kleen Jonathan K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveCognitive impairment often impacts quality of life in epilepsy even if seizures are controlled. Word‐finding difficulty is particularly prevalent and often attributed to etiological (static, baseline) circuit alterations. We sought to determine whether interictal discharges convey significant superimposed contributions to word‐finding difficulty in patients, and if so, through which cognitive mechanism(s).MethodsTwenty‐three patients undergoing intracranial monitoring for drug‐resistant epilepsy participated in multiple tasks involving word production (auditory naming, short‐term verbal free recall, repetition) to probe word‐finding difficulty across different cognitive domains. We compared behavioral performance between trials with versus without interictal discharges across six major brain areas and adjusted for intersubject differences using mixed‐effects models. We also evaluated for subjective word‐finding difficulties through retrospective chart review.ResultsSubjective word‐finding difficulty was reported by the majority (79%) of studied patients preoperatively. During intracranial recordings, interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) in the medial temporal lobe were associated with long‐term lexicosemantic memory impairments as indexed by auditory naming (p = .009), in addition to their established impact on short‐term verbal memory as indexed by free recall (p = .004). Interictal discharges involving the lateral temporal cortex and lateral frontal cortex were associated with delayed reaction time in the auditory naming task (p = .016 and p = .018), as well as phonological working memory impairments as indexed by repetition reaction time (p = .002). Effects of IEDs across anatomical regions were strongly dependent on their precise timing within the task.SignificanceIEDs appear to act through multiple cognitive mechanisms to form a convergent basis for the debilitating clinical word‐finding difficulty reported by patients with epilepsy. This was particularly notable for medial temporal spikes, which are quite common in adult focal epilepsy. In parallel with the treatment of seizures, the modulation of interictal discharges through emerging pharmacological means and neurostimulation approaches may be an opportunity to help address devastating memory and language impairments in epilepsy.