bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of state legislation and institutional protocols on opioid prescribing practices following pediatric tonsillectomy
Authors: Einhorn Lisa M. , Zhao Congwen , Goldstein Benjamin A. , Raman Sudha R. , Cheng Jeffrey 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesTonsillectomy is a common pediatric surgery, and pain is an important consideration in recovery. Due to the opioid epidemic, individual states, medical societies, and institutions have all taken steps to limit postoperative opioids, yet few studies have examined the effect of these interventions on pediatric otolaryngology practices. The primary aim of this study was to characterize opioid prescribing practices following North Carolina state opioid legislation and targeted institutional changes.MethodsThis single center retrospective cohort study included 1552 pediatric tonsillectomy patient records from 2014 to 2021. The primary outcome was number of oxycodone doses per prescription. This outcome was assessed over three time periods: (1) Before 2018 North Carolina opioid legislation. (2) Following legislation, before institutional changes. (3) After institutional opioid‐specific protocols.ResultsThe mean (± standard deviation) number of doses per prescription in Periods 1, 2, and 3 was: 58 ± 53, range 4–493; 28 ± 36, range 3–488; and 23 ± 17, range 1–139, respectively. In the adjusted model, Periods 2 and 3 had lower doses by −41% (95% CI −49%, −32%) and −40% (95% CI −55%, −19%) compared to Period 1. After 2018 North Carolina legislation, dosage decreased by −9% (95% CI −13%, −5%) per year. Despite interventions, ongoing variability in prescription regimens remained in all periods.ConclusionLegislative and institution specific opioid interventions was associated with a 40% decrease in oxycodone doses per prescription following pediatric tonsillectomy. While variability in opioid practices decreased post‐interventions, it was not eliminated.Level of evidence3
Effect of the Functional Groups of Polymers on Their Adsorption Behavior on Graphene Oxide Nanosheets
Authors: Al‐Bermany Ehssan , Chen Biqiong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGraphene‐based polymer nanocomposites are emerging materials for both fundamental research and industrial applications. The influence of polymer functional groups on their adsorption behavior onto graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets is investigated, with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐methacrylic acid) (PMMA‐co‐MAA), and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) having the same backbone but different functional side groups selected as the model polymers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction results confirm the interfacial interaction between the polymer and GO. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals notable enhancements in the amount of the adsorbed polymer up to 30.6 wt.% for PMMA‐co‐MAA/GO and 49.7 wt.% PMAA/GO compared with 18.7 wt.% for PMMA/GO. The water contact angle decreases from 71.3o for PMMA/GO to 69.1° for PMMA‐co‐MAA/GO and to 61.2° for PMAA/GO. The further washing process reduces the adsorption amount for the polymer/GO hybrid. Overall, the polar functional groups of the polymer directly influence the polymer adsorption behavior onto GO.
Local potential operator and uniform resolvent estimate for generalized Schrödinger operator in Orlicz spaces
Authors: Cao Jun , Dou Xiaoshen , Gao Mengyao , Jin Yongyang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe local potential operator with integral kernel restricted in a ball of radius less than some fixed number has appeared frequently in the spectral estimates of the Schrödinger operator. In this paper, we establish a good‐λ inequality for this operator and characterize its uniform boundedness on the weighted Orlicz space in both strong and weak senses. The uniformity in r of this boundedness enables us to recover the classical boundedness of “global” potential operator, by letting . As an application, we establish uniform estimate for the resolvent of some generalized Schrödinger operator on the Orlicz space. An explicit representation in its operator norm on the dependence of is also given.
Nonlinear finite volume discretization of geomechanical problem
Authors: Tripuraneni S. R. T. , Novikov Aleksei , Voskov Denis 
Published: May 2023

AbstractElliptic differential operators describe a wide range of processes in mechanics relevant to geo‐energy applications. Extensively used in reservoir modeling, the Finite Volume Method with TPFA can be consistently applied to discretize only a specific type of application under severe assumptions. In this paper, we introduce a positivity preserving Nonlinear Two Point Stress Approximation (NTPSA) based on the recently developed collocated Finite Volume scheme for linear elastic mechanics. The gradient reconstruction is different from the one used in Nonlinear TPFA, but a similar form of weighting scheme is employed to reconstruct the traction vector at each interface. The convergence of the scheme is tested with a homogeneous anisotropic stiffness tensor. The motivation behind the implementation of a new discretization framework in mechanics is to develop a uniform discretization technique preserving monotonicity for generic poromechanics applications.
A new family of high‐order triangular weight functions for mass lumping in vibration analysis
Authors: Fan Huo , Huang Duruo , Wang Gang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the conventional finite element method, only a few types of elements can directly use the weight functions to generate a proper, diagonally lumped mass matrix (LMM), which satisfies mass conservation and positive definiteness. This study proposes a new set of weight functions that can be efficiently constructed and used for generating a proper LMM based on classical 6‐, 9‐, and 10‐node triangular elements. Furthermore, we prove that these new elements are all complete and consistent, which ensures the convergence of the numerical solution. Finally, some modal and forced/free vibration analyses are conducted to demonstrate the computational accuracy and validation of the proposed LMM.
Using machine‐learning methods to predict in‐hospital mortality through the Elixhauser index: A Medicare data analysis
Authors: Liu Jianfang , Glied Sherry , Yakusheva Olga , Bevin Cohen , Schlak Amelia E. , Yoon Sunmoo , Kulage Kristine M. , Poghosyan Lusine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAccurate in‐hospital mortality prediction can reflect the prognosis of patients, help guide allocation of clinical resources, and help clinicians make the right care decisions. There are limitations to using traditional logistic regression models when assessing the model performance of comorbidity measures to predict in‐hospital mortality. Meanwhile, the use of novel machine‐learning methods is growing rapidly. In 2021, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality published new guidelines for using the Present‐on‐Admission (POA) indicator from the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, for coding comorbidities to predict in‐hospital mortality from the Elixhauser's comorbidity measurement method. We compared the model performance of logistic regression, elastic net model, and artificial neural network (ANN) to predict in‐hospital mortality from Elixhauser's measures under the updated POA guidelines. In this retrospective analysis, 1,810,106 adult Medicare inpatient admissions from six US states admitted after September 23, 2017, and discharged before April 11, 2019 were extracted from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services data warehouse. The POA indicator was used to distinguish pre‐existing comorbidities from complications that occurred during hospitalization. All models performed well (C‐statistics >0.77). Elastic net method generated a parsimonious model, in which there were five fewer comorbidities selected to predict in‐hospital mortality with similar predictive power compared to the logistic regression model. ANN had the highest C‐statistics compared to the other two models (0.800 vs. 0.791 and 0.791). Elastic net model and AAN can be applied successfully to predict in‐hospital mortality.
Interleukin‐1α promotes matrix metalloproteinase‐9 expression, cellular motility, and local invasiveness of ameloblastoma cells
Authors: Ono Yusuke , Fuchigami Takao , Kishida Michiko , Koyama Hirofumi , Iijima Mikio , Oishi Kazuki , Kibe Toshiro , Ishihata Kiyohide , Nishizawa Yoshiaki , Kiyono Tohru , Nakamura Norifumi , Kishida Shosei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimAlthough ameloblastoma is a benign tumor, its local invasiveness and recurrence rate are both high. Thus, the regulation of the invasiveness of ameloblastoma cells into the surrounding tissue is required to understand its pathogenesis. Ameloblastoma cells secrete several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs); however, the factors inducing their secretion remain unclear. We previously suggested that interleukin (IL)‐1α derived from ameloblastoma cells triggers the production of inflammatory cytokines by stromal fibroblasts. In this study, we estimated whether IL‐1α affects the behavior of ameloblastoma cells.MethodsThe gene expression of MMP‐9 was assessed by real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The secretion of MMP‐9 was assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The motility of AM‐3 ameloblastoma and Raw264.7 （macrophage derived cells） cells and the invasiveness of AM‐3 cells were calculated using the Boyden chamber. The invasiveness of AM‐3 cells toward human foreskin fibroblast (HFF)‐2 fibroblasts were assessed using modified double‐layered collagen gel hemisphere (DL‐CGH).ResultsThe mRNA expression and secretion of MMP‐9 by AM‐3 ameloblastoma cells were significantly increased by IL‐1α stimulation. The motilities of AM‐3 and RAW264.7 macrophage derived cells and the invasiveness of AM‐3 cells were significantly enhanced by IL‐1α and suppressed by an IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra). The invasiveness of AM‐3 cells towards HFF‐2 fibroblasts in a DL‐CGH model was suppressed by a treatment with IL‐1Ra or an anti‐IL‐1α neutralizing antibody.ConclusionIL‐1α itself or the IL‐1α‐dependent production of unidentified chemo attractants by stromal cells may be important for the local invasiveness of ameloblastoma cells, and IL‐1α might be a therapeutic target of the ameloblastoma.
Preparation of AKD‐coupled mica and research on the modification to poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)/poly(propylene carbonate) composite films
Authors: Zhao Yang , Li Yuan , Chen Yongjun , Lai Jinqing , Jiang Hong , Li Fayong , Xie Dong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMica is a variety of filler material with excellent barrier properties. In the present study, mica‐AKD was successfully prepared by treating sericite mica surface with alkyl ketene dimer (AKD). The distribution and content of AKD in mica, the mode of its binding with mica and its surface properties were characterized by thermogravimetry, Soxhlet extraction, Fourier infrared analysis, the scanning electron microscope with energy spectrum and contact angle analysis. The results show that AKD was combined with mica through physical adsorption and chemical grafting, with the content of AKD in mica‐AKD exceeding 5 wt%. Due to AKD‐coated mica surface, mica‐AKD showed hydrophobicity. PCM and PCMa films were prepared by blending PBAT and PPC with mica and mica‐AKD, respectively. Given the same content, mica‐AKD has better compatibility with PBAT/PPC matrix, and PCMa films show better mechanical properties, lower water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability, and higher CDTR/OTR ratio, which has a good application prospect in fruit and vegetable preservation materials.
A comparative static and dynamic behavior of thermoplastic composite joints produced using different joining techniques
Authors: Iqbal Zohaib , Siddique Amna , Nawab Yasir , Shaker Khubab 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThermoplastic composites are preferred over their thermosetting counterparts due to their high toughness, fast manufacturing cycle, and ease of recycling. Another advantage is the variety of techniques available to join these thermoplastic composites. This paper analyzes the static and dynamic behavior of glass fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composite joints produced using different joining techniques. The composite materials were fabricated by compression molding of glass fabric and polypropylene (PP) matrix. These composites were joined using approaches like riveting, adhesive bonding, resistance welding, and hybrid joining techniques. The performance of these joints was analyzed under static and dynamic tensile loads. During the static test, the resistance welded joints showed superior performance as compared to the other joining techniques. The highest load of 2183 N was taken by the resistance welded sample, while the least (358 N) was taken by the mechanical joint. In dynamic testing, the resistance welded joints showed the least variation in the modulus during the dynamic test, showing a higher modulus as compared to the other joining techniques. The highest number of cycles to fail the joint was obtained for the mechanical joint, that is, 40,100, while a similar value was exhibited by the resistance welded joint (39,674). The static and dynamic test results showed resistance welding to be a promising approach for joining thermoplastic composites.
A wide range of poly(glycolic acid)‐based di‐ and tri‐block polyesters by a single organocatalyst: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Dong Huan , Feng Zhiheng , Sun Maolin , Zhu Shihao , Zhou Jinghong , Li Wei , Ye Jinxing , Cheng Ruihua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of glycolide (GA), the copolymerization of GA with ε‐caprolactone (ε‐CL), and the terpolymerization of GA with ε‐CL and lactide (LA) were studied over the cheap non‐toxic metal‐free organocatalyst tetrabutylammonium 2‐(carbamyl)benzoate (TBACB). The catalyst with comparable catalytic activity to the comonomers afforded a series of well‐defined PGA‐based block polymers with ε‐CL, LA monomers at high yields by varying feeding methods under bulk and solution conditions. The poly(ɛ‐caprolactone‐b‐glycolic acid)s (PCGAs) and poly(ε‐caprolactone‐b‐lactide‐b‐glycolide) (PCLGAs) with controllable chain segment composition were obtained by “one‐pot” solution copolymerization in mixtures, or semi‐batch copolymerization. Due to the high thermal stability of TBACB, the PCGA and PCLGA with high molecular weight (Mn = 6.9 and 10.0 kg mol−1) could also be obtained by bulk polymerization at 120 °C by sequential addition of ε‐CL, (LA), and GA in a short time (<2.5 h). Compared to the polymers with similar compositions by different methods, the bulk polymerization showed more effective and higher molecular weight. The microstructure characterized by NMR showed highly ordered block polymers with defined chain segments. Two melting transitions (Tm) of PCGA suggested exclusively associated with PCL and PGA segmental chain in the product.
Impact of Elexacaftor–Tezacaftor–Ivacaftor on lung disease in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Gushue Courtney , Eisner Mariah , Bai Shasha , Johnson Terri , Holtzlander Melissa , McCoy Karen , Sheikh Shahid 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), the impact of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapies, such as Elexacaftor–Tezacaftor–Ivacaftor (ETI), on structural changes in the lungs is unclear.ObjectiveTo determine the impact of ETI on clinical parameters and on structural lung disease as measured by the changes in the chest computed tomography (CT) scans in pwCF.MethodsPercent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (ppFEV1), body mass index (BMI), and microbiologic data were collected at initiation and 3‐month intervals for 1 year. Chest CT scans before starting ETI therapy (baseline) and at 1‐year on ETI therapy were compared by two pulmonologists independently.ResultsThe sample size was 67 pwCF, 30 (44.8%) males, median age of 25 (16, 33.5) years. Significant increases in ppFEV1 and BMI observed by 3 months of ETI therapy persisted throughout 1 year of ETI therapy (p < 0.001 at all‐time points for both). After 1 year on ETI, pwCF had significant reductions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (−42%) and MRSA (−42%) positivity. None of the pwCF had worsening of chest CT parameters during 1 year of ETI therapy. Comparing chest CT findings at baseline and at 1‐year follow‐up, bronchiectasis was present in 65 (97%) pwCF and at 1‐year follow‐up decreased in 7 (11%). Bronchial wall thickening 64 (97%), decreased in 53 (79%). Mucous plugging in 63 (96%), absent in 11 (17%), and decreased in 50 (77%). Hyperinflation/air trapping in 44 (67%), decreased in 11 (18%), absent in 27 (44%)ConclusionsETI significantly improved clinical outcomes and lung disease as documented by improvement in chest CT scans.
The mechanisms of metabolic resistance to pyrethroids and neonicotinoids fade away without selection pressure in the tarnished plant bug Lygus lineolaris
Authors: Du Yuzhe , Zhu Yu‐Cheng , Portilla Maribel , Zhang Minling , Reddy Gadi V.P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDHeavy selection pressure prompted the development of resistance in a serious cotton pest tarnished plant bug (TPB), Lygus Lineolaris in the mid‐southern United States. Conversely, a laboratory resistant TPB strain lost its resistance to five pyrethroids and two neonicotinoids after 36 generations without exposure to any insecticide. It is worthwhile to examine why the resistance diminished in this population and determine whether the resistance fade away has practical value for insecticide resistance management in TPB populations.RESULTSA field‐collected resistant TPB population in July (Field‐R1) exhibited 3.90–14.37‐fold resistance to five pyrethroids and two neonicotinoids, while another field‐collected TPB population in April (Field‐R2) showed much lower levels of resistance (0.84–3.78‐fold) due to the absence of selection pressure. Interestingly, after 36 generations without exposure to insecticide, the resistance levels in the same population [laboratory resistant strain (Lab‐R)] significantly decreased to 0.80–2.09‐fold. The use of detoxification enzyme inhibitors had synergistic effects on permethrin, bifenthrin and imidacloprid in resistant populations of Lygus lineolaris. The synergism was more pronounced in Field‐R2 than laboratory susceptible (Lab‐S) and Lab‐R TPB population. Moreover, esterase, glutathione S‐transferase (GST), and cytochrome P450‐monooxygenases (P450) enzyme activities increased significantly by approximately 1.92‐, 1.43‐, and 1.44‐fold in Field‐R1, respectively, and 1.38‐fold increased P450 enzyme activities in Field‐R2 TPB population, compared to the Lab‐S TPB. In contrast, the three enzyme activities in the Lab‐R strain were not significantly elevated anymore relative to the Lab‐S population. Additionally, Field‐R1 TPB showed elevated expression levels of certain esterase, GST and P450 genes, respectively, while Field‐R2 TPB overexpressed only P450 genes. The elevation of these gene expression levels in Lab‐R expectedly diminished to levels close to those of the Lab‐S TPB populations.CONCLUSIONOur results indicated that the major mechanism of resistance in TPB populations was metabolic detoxification, and the resistance development was likely conferred by increased gene expressions of esterase, GST, and P450 genes, the fadeaway of the resistance may be caused by reversing the overexpression of esterase, GST and P450. Without pesticide selection, resistant gene (esterase, GST, P450s) frequencies declined, and detoxification enzyme activities returned to Lab‐S level, which resulted in the recovery of the susceptibility in the resistant TPB populations. Therefore, pest's self‐purging of insecticide resistance becomes strategically desirable for managing resistance in pest populations. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Adaptively leveraging external data with robust meta‐analytical‐predictive prior using empirical Bayes
Authors: Zhang Hongtao , Shen Yueqi , Li Judy , Ye Han , Chiang Alan Y. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe robust meta‐analytical‐predictive (rMAP) prior is a popular method to robustly leverage external data. However, a mixture coefficient would need to be pre‐specified based on the anticipated level of prior‐data conflict. This can be very challenging at the study design stage. We propose a novel empirical Bayes robust MAP (EB‐rMAP) prior to address this practical need and adaptively leverage external/historical data. Built on Box's prior predictivep‐value, the EB‐rMAP prior framework balances between model parsimony and flexibility through a tuning parameter. The proposed framework can be applied to binomial, normal, and time‐to‐event endpoints. Implementation of the EB‐rMAP prior is also computationally efficient. Simulation results demonstrate that the EB‐rMAP prior is robust in the presence of prior‐data conflict while preserving statistical power. The proposed EB‐rMAP prior is then applied to a clinical dataset that comprises 10 oncology clinical trials, including the prospective study.
Analysis of the institutional development of drinking water supply systems in XYZ City, Indonesia coastal area
Authors: Ali Firdaus , Lestari Dwi L. , Putri Marsya D. , Azmi Khalidah N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBased on the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing Number 4 of 2020, drinking water supply management can stand alone or work together with other institutions. The local government establishes a Regional Drinking Water Company which has responsibility for supplying drinking water at the regency/city level. The coastal city as the object of study manages clean water then transfers under a private company. Due to government restrictions regarding the authority to provide clean water, a technical implementation unit was formed for better solution in clean water services. The new form of institution will be able to make decisions and carry out execution at any time because it is directly under the authority of the government, it can also apply the concept of good governance to support more transparent management. In accordance with the policy, the new institutional form will be able to finance itself, develop the level of service and contribute to regional development as a source of local revenue. However, the institutional transition requires adaptation both from a functional and operational perspective. Through this study, an analysis of the readiness for the transition of institutional forms is carried out to minimize conflicts such the lack of improvement in the quality of drinking water services due to limited government authority, insufficient qualified human resources in water management, and the difficulty of developing drinking water service infrastructure because it still depends on the private sector. The analysis of the structure and human resources associated with clean water service targets also conducted. Institutional strengthening, both regulatory and institutional, is necessary to maximize the roles and functions of the relevant institutions. With a more comprehensive understanding in the preparation of contracts and division of authority, no parties will be aggrieved in the long term.