bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy vaccination predictive factors and uptake profiles among Italian women: A cross‐sectional survey study on a large population
Authors: Ferrari Amerigo , Moretti Giaele , Corazza Ilaria , Mannella Paolo , Simoncini Tommaso , Bonciani Manila 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo assess influenza and Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis) vaccine coverage during pregnancy, explore key socioeconomic and maternity pathway‐related predictors of vaccination, and detect specific patterns of vaccination uptake.MethodsThe authors cross‐sectionally analyzed self‐reported data obtained from the systematic survey on the maternity pathways of Tuscany. They selected all pregnant women that completed from March 2019 to June 2022 the third‐trimester questionnaire (n = 25 160), which included two dichotomous items on influenza and Tdap vaccination, as well as socioeconomic and pathway‐related questions. Multilevel logistic models were performed to assess vaccination predictors and cluster analysis to identify vaccination patterns.ResultsVaccination coverage was higher for pertussis (56.5%) than for influenza (18.9%). The main predictors of vaccination were high socioeconomic status, attending private gynecologists, and receiving vaccine information. Three clusters were identified: cluster 1 included women receiving both Tdap and influenza vaccines; cluster 2 included women receiving no vaccinations; and cluster 3 included women receiving only the pertussis vaccine. Although women from cluster 3 were of middle to low education status, vaccine information was the main adherence determinant also in this group.ConclusionsHealth workers and policymakers should focus on groups of pregnant women less prone to vaccination to promote vaccination information and encourage wider uptake and coverage.
Breast cancer: A hybrid method for feature selection and classification in digital mammography
Authors: Thawkar Shankar , Katta Vijay , Parashar Ajay Raj , Singh Law Kumar , Khanna Munish 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this article, a hybrid approach based on the Whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and the Dragonfly algorithm (DA) is proposed for breast cancer diagnosis. The hybrid WOADA method selects features based on the fitness value. These features are used to predict the breast masses as benign or malignant using artificial neural networks (ANN) and adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) as classifiers. The proposed solution is evaluated by using 651 mammograms. The results demonstrate that the WOADA technique outperforms the basic WOA and DA approaches. The accuracy of the suggested WOADA algorithm is 97.84%, with a Kappa value of 0.9477 and an AUC value of 0.972 ± 0.007 for the ANN classifier. Likewise, the ANFIS classifier achieved 98.00% accuracy with a Kappa value of 0.96 and an AUC value of 0.998 ± 0.001. In addition, the viability of the hybrid WOADA technique was evaluated on four benchmark datasets and then compared with four state‐of‐the‐art algorithms and published approaches.
IL‐6 at the center of cytokine storm: Circulating inflammation mediators as biomarkers in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Elbadawy Hossein M. , Khattab Amin , El‐Agamy Dina S. , Eltahir Heba M. , Alhaddad Aisha , Aljohani Fahad Dakilallah , Almuzaini Tarraji Mohammed , Abouzied Mekky M. , Aldhafiri Ahmed 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe management of hospitalized COVID‐19 patients depends largely on controlling the intensified inflammatory response known as the cytokine storm. Candidate inflammatory cytokines can serve as new biomarkers for the management of hospitalized COVID‐19 patients.MethodsPatients (80) were recruited into three groups: room air (RA), oxygen (OX) and mechanical ventilator (MV). Blood analysis was performed for RBC, WBC, Hb, Platelets, serum albumin and creatinine, INR, PTT, and hematocrit. ELISA was used to quantify a panel of inflammatory mediators including GM‐SCF, IFN‐α, IFNγ, IL‐1β, IL‐1R, IL‐2, IL‐2Ra, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐12p70, IL‐13, MCP‐1, MIP‐1a, and TNF‐α. Correlations between laboratory results and the levels of circulating inflammation mediators were investigated.ResultsPatients on MV had low RBC, Hb, albumin, and HCT and high WBC count, PTT, and INR when compared to RA and OX groups. A statistical positive correlation was found between WBC and the levels of IL‐6 and MCP‐1. RBCs correlated negatively with IL‐6 and IL‐10 and positively with IL‐8. Higher TNF‐α correlated with lower platelet counts while higher levels of IL‐1Rα and IL‐10 were associated with lower Hb levels. Increases in IFN‐γ and TNF‐α were indicative of compromised kidney functions as creatinine levels increased significantly. Most significant correlations were found between IL‐6 and lab results, showing positive correlation with WBC and INR, and negative correlation with RBC, albumin, and HCT.ConclusionsHaving the most significant correlations, IL‐6 high levels in mechanically ventilated patients were shown to affect laboratory results, and, therefore, is suggested as a severity biomarker of COVID‐19.
Genetic counselors' perceptions of student supervision across service delivery models
Authors: Lichten Lauren , Murden Raphiel , Ali Nadia , Bellcross Cecelia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGenetic counseling (GC) services are increasingly delivered by phone or video, resulting in more telehealth student rotations. The purpose of this study was to describe genetic counselors' utilization of telehealth for student supervision and to compare how their comfort, preferences, and perception of the difficulty of selected student supervision competencies vary between phone, video, and in‐person student supervision. In 2021, patient‐facing genetic counselors in North America with ≥1‐year GC experience who supervised ≥3 GC students in the last 3 years received an invitation via the American Board of Genetic Counseling or the Association of GC Program Directors listservs to complete a 26‐item online questionnaire. There were 132 responses eligible for analysis. Demographics were fairly consistent with the National Society of Genetic Counselors Professional Status Survey. The majority of participants used more than one service delivery model to provide GC services (93%) and supervise students (89%). Six supervisory competencies related to the student–supervisor communication (Eubanks HIggins et al., 2013) were perceived to be most difficult to accomplish by phone and easiest in‐person (p < 0.0001). Participants were most comfortable in‐person and least comfortable by telephone for both patient care and student supervision (p < 0.001). The majority of participants predicted continued use of telehealth for patient care but preferred in‐person service delivery for both patient care (66%) and student supervision (81%). Overall, these findings indicate service delivery model changes in the field have an impact on GC education and suggest that the student–supervisor relationship may be different via telehealth. Furthermore, the stronger preference for in‐person patient care and student supervision, despite predicted continued telehealth utilization, points to a need for multifaceted telehealth education initiatives.
The effect of the crystallization of indium tin oxide on indium tin oxide wet etching based on gate line with the structure of copper/indium tin oxide
Authors: Xiao Juncheng , Zeng Guang , Li Ji , Zhang Shengdong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn thin film transistor‐liquid crystal display (TFT‐LCD), the copper/indium tin oxide (Cu/ITO) layer was often used to be gate line. In this event, the patterning of ITO is necessary and important. However, the high temperature generated during Cu deposition will cause ITO to crystallize, which is not conducive to ITO etching. In this paper, the ITO films prepared by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering were annealed according to the monitoring results of production line to simulate and study the effect of crystallization on the etching properties of ITO film. When the annealing temperature was less than 200°C, no large size grains were detected in ITO films, and the ITO films could be easily etched by etchant. However, the ITO films transformed from amorphous structure to polycrystalline structure after being annealed more than 200°C. After wet etching experiments, the polycrystalline ITO films could be hardly removed by etchant. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results showed that high temperature annealing induced a large amount of Sn4+ on ITO films surface. The Sn4+ was difficult to be dissolved by acid under normal conditions, which might be the most important factors that led to the greatly decreased etching rate for polycrystalline ITO films.
Identifying patient profiles of disparate care in resectable pancreas cancer using latent class analysis
Authors: Maduekwe Ugwuji N. , Stephenson Briana J. K. , Yeh Jen Jen , Troester Melissa A. , Sanoff Hanna K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDisparities in pancreas cancer care are multifactorial, but factors are often examined in isolation. Research that integrates these factors in a single conceptual framework is lacking. We use latent class analysis (LCA) to evaluate the association between intersectionality and patterns of care and survival in patients with resectable pancreas cancer.MethodsLCA was used to identify demographic profiles in resectable pancreas cancer (n = 140 344) diagnosed from 2004 to 2019 in the National Cancer Database (NCDB). LCA‐derived patient profiles were used to identify differences in receipt of minimum expected treatment (definitive surgery), optimal treatment (definitive surgery and chemotherapy), time to treatment, and overall survival.ResultsMinimum expected treatment (hazard ratio [HR] 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65, 0.75) and optimal treatment (HR 0.58, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.62) were associated with improved overall survival. Seven latent classes were identified based on age, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES) attributes (zip code‐linked education and income, insurance, geography). Compared to the referent group (≥65 years + White + med/high SES), the ≥65 years + Black profile had the longest time‐to‐treatment (24 days vs. 28 days) and lowest odds of receiving minimum (odds ratio [OR] 0.67, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.71) or optimal treatment (OR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.81). The Hispanic patient profile had the lowest median overall survival—55.3 months versus 67.5 months.ConclusionsAccounting for intersectionality in the NCDB resectable pancreatic cancer patient cohort identifies subgroups at higher risk for inequities in care. LCA demonstrates that older Black patients and Hispanic patients are at particular risk for being underserved and should be prioritiz for directed interventions.
LncRNA CASC11 upregulation promotes HDAC4 to alleviate oxidized low‐density lipoprotein‐induced injury of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Hu Ke , Huang Min‐Jiang , Ling Sha , Li Yu‐Xian , Cao Xiang‐Yu , Chen Yue‐Fu , Lei Jian‐Ming , Fu Wen‐Zhe , Tan Bi‐Feng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are essential to regulate the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study was conducted to analyze the functionality of long noncoding RNA cancer susceptibility candidate 11 (lncRNA CASC11) in oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL)‐induced injury of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs). CMECs were treated with ox‐LDL to induce the CAD cell model. The cellular expression levels of CASC11 and histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) were determined by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction or Western blot assay. Cell absorbance, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation were evaluated by cell counting kit‐8, flow cytometry, tube formation, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. The subcellular localization of CASC11 was examined by the nuclear/cytoplasmic fractionation assay. The binding of human antigen R (HuR) to CASC11 and HDAC4 was analyzed by RNA immunoprecipitation. HDAC4 stability was determined after actinomycin D treatment. CASC11 was found to be decreased in the CAD cell model. CASC11 upregulation increased cell viability and angiogenesis and reduced apoptosis and inflammation. CASC11 bound to HuR and improved HDAC4 expression. HDAC4 downregulation counteracted the protective role of CASC11 overexpression in CMECs. In summary, CASC11 alleviated ox‐LDL‐induced injury of CMECs by binding to HuR and stabilizing HDAC4.
Survival After Declining Pediatric Tracheostomy Placement
Authors: Liu Palmila , Brooks Rebecca L. , Bailey Candice H. , Whitney Cindy , Sewell Ashley , Brown Ashley F. , Kou Yann‐Fuu , Johnson Romaine F. , Chorney Stephen R. 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo determine survival among critically ill children when caregivers decline tracheostomy placement.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.MethodsAll children (<18 years) obtaining a pre‐tracheostomy consultation at a tertiary children's hospital between 2016 and 2021 were included. Comorbidities and mortality were compared between children of caregivers that declined or agreed to tracheostomy.ResultsTracheostomy was declined for 58 children but was placed for 203 children. After consultation, mortality was 52% (30/58) when declining and 21% (42/230) when agreeing to tracheostomy (p < 0.001) at a mean of 10.7 months (standard deviation [SD]: 16) and 18.1 months (SD: 17.1), respectively (p = 0.07). For those declining, 31% (18/58) died during the hospitalization within a mean of 1.2 months (SD: 1.4) while 21% (12/58) died at a mean of 23.6 months (SD: 17.5) after discharge. Among children of caregivers declining tracheostomy, older age (odds ratio [OR]: 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74–0.97, p = 0.01) and chronic lung disease (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04–0.82, P = .03) were associated with lower odds of mortality but sepsis (OR: 9.62, 95% CI: 1.161–57.43, p = 0.01) and intubation (OR: 4.98, 95% CI: 1.24–20.08, p = 0.02) were associated with higher odds of mortality. Median survival after declining tracheostomy was 31.9 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 2.0–50.7) and declining placement was associated with increased mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.04, 95% CI: 2.49–6.55, p < 0.001).ConclusionWhen caregivers declined tracheostomy placement, less than half of critically ill children in this cohort survived with younger age, sepsis, and intubation associated with higher mortality. This information offers valuable insight for families weighing decisions pertaining to pediatric tracheostomy placement.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:3602–3607, 2023
Anaerobic oxidation of methane does not attenuate methane emissions from thermokarst lakes
Authors: Lotem Noam , Pellerin André , Anthony Katey Walter , Gafni Almog , Boyko Valeria , Sivan Orit 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe ongoing global temperature rise enhances permafrost thaw in the Arctic, allowing Pleistocene‐aged frozen soil organic matter to become available for microbial degradation and production of greenhouse gases, particularly methane. Here, we examined the extent and mechanism of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in the sediments of four interior Alaska thermokarst lakes, which formed and continue to expand as a result of ice‐rich permafrost thaw. In cores of surface (~ 1 m) lake sediments we quantified methane production (methanogenesis) and AOM rates using anaerobic incubation experiments in low (4°C) and high (16°C) temperatures. Methanogenesis rates were measured by the accumulation of methane over ~ 90 d, whereas AOM rates were measured by adding labeled‐13CH4 and measuring the produced dissolved inorganic 13C. Our results demonstrate that while methanogenesis was vigorous in these anoxic sediments, AOM was lower by two orders of magnitude. In almost all sediment depths and temperatures, AOM rates remained less than 2% of the methanogenesis rates. Experimental evidence indicates that the AOM is strongly related to methanogens, as the addition of a methanogens' inhibitor prevented AOM. Variety of electron acceptor additions did not stimulate AOM, and methanotrophs were scarcely detected. These observations suggest that the AOM signals in the incubation experiments might be a result of enzymatic reversibility (“back‐flux”) during CH4 production, rather than thermodynamically favorable AOM. Regardless of the mechanism, the quantitative results show that near surface (< 1‐m) thermokarst sediments in interior Alaska have little to no buffer mechanisms capable of attenuating methane production in a warming climate.
Experimental Realization of Topologically‐Protected All‐Optical Logic Gates Based on Silicon Photonic Crystal Slabs
Authors: Zhang Furong , He Lu , Zhang Huizhen , Kong Ling‐Jun , Xu Xingsheng , Zhang Xiangdong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs the field of topological photonics has developed over the past 10 years, it has been proven that the combination of topology and photons is very beneficial to the design of robust optical devices against some disturbances. However, most of the work on robust optical logic devices stays at the theoretical level. There are very few topologically‐protected logic devices fabricated in experiments. Here, the experimental fabrication of a series of topologically‐protected all‐optical logic gates is reported. Seven topologically‐protected all‐optical logic gates (OR, XOR, NOT, XNOR, NAND, NOR, and AND) are fabricated on silicon photonic platforms, which show strong robustness even if some disorders exist. These robust logic devices are potentially applicable in future optical signal processing and computing applications.
PVA Electrospun Fibers Coated with PPy Nanoparticles for Wearable Strain Sensors
Authors: Ding Jingxian , Mei Longxiang , Guo Xiaowei , Guo Deyu , Ma Li , Gui Yanghai , Guo Dongjie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCurrent conductive polymers win wide applications in smart strain–stress sensors, bioinspired actuators, and wearable electronics. This work investigates a novel strain sensor by using conductive polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles coated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers as matrix. The flexible, water‐resistant PVA fibers are initially prepared by combined electrospinning and annealing techniques, and then are coated with PPy nanoparticles through in situ polymerization. The resultant PPy@PVA fibers exhibit stable, favorable electrical conductivities due to the uniform point‐to‐point connections among PPy nanoparticles, e.g. after three‐time’ polymerizations, the PPy@PVA3 fiber film presents a sheet resistance of ≈840 Ω sq−1 and a bulk conductivity of ≈32.1 mS cm−1. Cyclic sensing tests reveal that, PPy@PVA sensors show linear relationships between the relative resistance variations and the applied strains, e.g. the linear deviation of PPy@PVA3 is only 0.9 % within 33 % strain. After long‐term stretching/releasing cycles, the PPy@PVA sensor exhibits stable, durable, and reversible sensing behaviors, no evident “drift” is observed over 1,000 cycles (5,000 seconds).
Numerical investigation of slurry property effect on grouting and blocking of flowing water in rock fractures
Authors: Pan Dongdong , Zhang Yichi , Bu Zehua , Xu Zhenhao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn order to investigate the slurry flow behavior, our newly proposed numerical method is applied to simulate the fracture grouting with flowing water condition. First, by numerical validation and experiment comparison, the advantages of this method in computation efficiency and accuracy are shown. Second, the initial velocity of water and slurry properties at different levels are selected as the influencing factors, the water reduction effect, grouting pressure, and slurry deposition behavior in different cases are investigated, and the variation characteristics of flow field and slurry outflow are analyzed. The simulation results show that within the range of slurry properties and flow velocity given in this paper, cement slurry cannot seal the water inflow. Instead, quick setting slurry with different material ratios can effectively seal the fracture. The sealing efficiency is more sensitive to the initial flow rate than the slurry property. When the groundwater flow rate is low, the effect of slurry proportion on sealing can be ignored. Meanwhile, slurry properties have more influence on the final grouting pressure. There is an obvious surge in grouting pressure after sealing, which can be used as a criterion for fracture sealing.
A new method for the analysis of foundation behavior in sand under drained high‐cycle loading
Authors: Cao Shuhan , Abdel‐Rahman Khalid , Achmus Martin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn offshore technology, especially in offshore wind energy converters, permanent deformations of the structures must be limited. For that purpose, the accumulation of permanent deformation due to cyclic loading must be predicted as accurately as possible. To account for this accumulation in non‐cohesive soils, different approaches such as semi‐empirical methods, p‐y curve methods and numerical methods are available. Among the numerical approaches, the Stiffness Degradation Method (SDM) has the advantage of practical feasibility. However, it is only compatible with a relatively simple constitutive law and does not consider the influence of un‐ and reloading stress paths in the soil. With the basic concept of SDM, a new method termed Cyclic Strain Accumulation Method (CSAM) is proposed. In CSAM, the weaknesses of SDM, especially its incompatibility with advanced constitutive laws, are overcome, while retaining the practical feasibility as the main advantage of SDM. Through numerical calculations of a monopile, it is found that the CSAM is able to reproduce SDM results if the same material law is applied. The results of SDM and CSAM for the case of a vertical loaded strip footing have been presented. The comparison shows that the CSAM results are more realistic than the SDM results. Besides, CSAM is computationally more efficient and open for further optimisation. The effects of sophisticated material law and the consideration of un‐ and reloading are investigated. Results show that CSAM is a promising new approach to account for the deformation of foundations under cyclic loading in non‐cohesive soils.