bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CLINICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND VIROLOGICAL RESPONSES TO ENTECAVIR IN PATIENTS WITH HBV - RELATED CIRRHOSIS
Authors: Doan Hieu Trung , Tran Xuan Chuong 
Published: June 2023

Background: Limited data is available from Vietnam on the outcome and efficacy of entecavir in hepatitis B virus (HBV) - related cirrhosis. This study aims to investigate clinical, biochemical and virological responses in patients with HBV - related cirrhosis treated with entecavir.
Subjects and methods: 93 patients with HBV - related cirrhosis were examined and treated at Danang Hospital from Dec 2016 to June 2019. Of these, 59 patients with compensated cirrhosis and 34 patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Drugs: Entecavir (BaracludeR) was given a dose of 0.5mg and 1mg per day for compensated and decompensated cirrhosis, respectively, 2 hours after breakfast, monitor for 12 months.
Results: Entecavir treatment of 12 months resulted in a marked improvement in common clinical symptoms including anorexia, fatigue, jaundice (p < 0.001) and edema (p < 0.01). Significantly decreased the Child - Pugh score (5.75 ± 1.06 compared to 6.43 ± 1.63 points). Normalized rates of AST and ALT were 67.74% and 78.49%, respectively, of which the compensated cirrhotic group had a higher rate than the decompensated group (AST: 76.27% vs 52.94%; ALT: 88.14% vs 61.76%). The rate of achieving HBV DNA < 20IU/mL increased with time of treatment after 6 months was 34.4% and after 12 months reached 76.3%. There is no significant effect of entecavir on renal function and metabolism of serum calcium and lactate. Conclusion: Entecavir is an effective and safe treatment option for patients with HBV - related cirrhosis, especially exerts a better effect on patients with compensated cirrhosis that may improve the prognosis of cirrhotic patients.
Study of Perinatal Outcome and Neonatal Hypothyroidism in Pregnant Women with Hypothyroidism Delivering in a Tertiary Care Centre in Western Nepal
Authors: Shah Miki , Panta Bibek , Pantha Asmita , Nepal Benju , Sunar Kopila , Thapa Sunita , Shrestha Deepak 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine problem in pregnant women with a reported prevalence of 1.5 to 4.4%. Both overt and subclinical hypothyroidism have adverse effects on perinatal outcome.
Aim and Objective: To find the prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnancy and its impact on perinatal outcome and neonatal hypothyroidism in a tertiary centre in western Nepal.
Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study conducted from April 2018 to April 2022 involving 75 hypothyroid pregnant women during their antenatal check-ups. It also included known cases of hypothyroidism. The hospital records of all the hypothyroid women who delivered in this centre were reviewed. The prevalence of subclinical and overt hypothyroidism were calculated. The relationship between the status of hypothyroidism and perinatal outcome in terms of mode of delivery, APGAR scores, birth weight and admission to neonatal intensive care unit were evaluated.
Results: The prevalence of maternal hypothyroidism was 0.92% with subclinical hypothyroidism being 0.29% and overt hypothyroidism being 0.63%. The perinatal outcomes in terms of mode of delivery, APGAR scores, birth weight and admission to neonatal intensive care unit were not statistically significant between subclinical and overt hypothyroidism.
Conclusion: The prevalence of maternal hypothyroidism, especially subclinical hypothyroidism was low. There were no significant adverse effects on perinatal outcome.
Effect of Potassium & Zinc on the Growth and Yield of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Komatineni Ajay , Singh Rajesh , Pradhan Akankhya 
Published: June 2023

A field experiment was carried out at an agricultural research farm in the Rabi season 2022, at the department of Agronomy at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj in North Eastern plains of Eastern Uttar Pradesh to study the growth and yield of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) Var. with the effect of potassium and zinc, under Randomized block design comprising 10 treatments of which treatment (T1-T9), Using three replications of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc with different combinations T1 – 30 kg K/ha + 5 kg Zn/ha, T2 – 30 kg K/ha + 10 kg Zn/ha, T3 – 30 kg K/ha + 15 kg Zn/ha, T4 – 40 kg K/ha + 5 kg Zn/ha, T5 – 40 kg K/ha + 10 kg Zn/ha, T6 – 40 kg K/ha + 15 kg Zn/ha, T7 – 50 kg K/ha + 5 kg Zn/ha, T8- 50 kg K/ha + 10 kg Zn/ha, T9 – 50 kg K/ha + 15 kg Zn/ha and T10 – Control. The exploratory plot’s soil had a sandy loam texture, a (pH 7.2) that was natural with EC - 0.26 (dS/m), a low organic carbon (0.48 %), the available N (225 kg/ha), the available P (13.60 kg/ha) and the available K (215.4 kg/ha). The experimental results revealed that 50 kg K/ha + 15 kg Zn/ha recorded Maximum plant height (193.45 cm), The highest plant dry weight (35.25 gm), number of siliqua/plant (302.20), number of seeds/siliqua (17.60), Seed yield (2685 kg/ha), Stover yield (6143 kg/ha) when compared with other treatment combinations.
Anxiety Screening
Authors: O’Connor Elizabeth A. , Henninger Michelle L. , Perdue Leslie A. , Coppola Erin L. , Thomas Rachel G. , Gaynes Bradley N. 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceAnxiety is commonly seen in primary care and associated with substantial burden.ObjectiveTo review the benefits and harms of screening and treatment for anxiety and the accuracy of instruments to detect anxiety among primary care patients.Data SourcesMEDLINE, PsychINFO, Cochrane library through September 7, 2022; references of existing reviews; ongoing surveillance for relevant literature through November 25, 2022.Study SelectionEnglish-language original studies and systematic reviews of screening or treatment compared with control conditions and test accuracy studies of a priori–selected screening instruments were included. Two investigators independently reviewed abstracts and full-text articles for inclusion. Two investigators independently rated study quality.Data Extraction and SynthesisOne investigator abstracted data; a second checked accuracy. Meta-analysis results were included from existing systematic reviews where available; meta-analyses were conducted on original research when evidence was sufficient.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAnxiety and depression outcomes; global quality of life and functioning; sensitivity and specificity of screening tools.ResultsOf the 59 publications included, 40 were original studies (N = 275 489) and 19 were systematic reviews (including ≈483 studies [N≈81 507]). Two screening studies found no benefit for screening for anxiety. Among test accuracy studies, only the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) GAD-2 and GAD-7 screening instruments were evaluated by more than 1 study. Both screening instruments had adequate accuracy for detecting generalized anxiety disorder (eg, across 3 studies the GAD-7 at a cutoff of 10 had a pooled sensitivity of 0.79 [95% CI, 0.69 to 0.94] and specificity of 0.89 [95% CI, 0.83 to 0.94]). Evidence was limited for other instruments and other anxiety disorders. A large body of evidence supported the benefit of treatment for anxiety. For example, psychological interventions were associated with a small pooled standardized mean difference of −0.41 in anxiety symptom severity in primary care patients with anxiety (95% CI, −0.58 to −0.23]; 10 RCTs [n = 2075]; I2 = 40.2%); larger effects were found in general adult populations.Conclusions and RelevanceEvidence was insufficient to draw conclusions about the benefits or harms of anxiety screening programs. However, clear evidence exists that treatment for anxiety is beneficial, and more limited evidence indicates that some anxiety screening instruments have acceptable accuracy to detect generalized anxiety disorder.
Screening for Depression and Suicide Risk in Adults
Authors:   US Preventive Services Task Force, Barry Michael J. , Nicholson Wanda K. , Silverstein Michael , Chelmow David , Coker Tumaini Rucker , Davidson Karina W. , Davis Esa M. , Donahue Katrina E. , Jaén Carlos Roberto , Li Li , Ogedegbe Gbenga , Pbert Lori , Rao Goutham , Ruiz John M. , Stevermer James J. , Tsevat Joel , Underwood Sandra Millon , Wong John B. 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceMajor depressive disorder (MDD), a common mental disorder in the US, may have substantial impact on the lives of affected individuals. If left untreated, MDD can interfere with daily functioning and can also be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, exacerbation of comorbid conditions, or increased mortality.ObjectiveThe US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review to evaluate benefits and harms of screening, accuracy of screening, and benefits and harms of treatment of MDD and suicide risk in asymptomatic adults that would be applicable to primary care settings.PopulationAsymptomatic adults 19 years or older, including pregnant and postpartum persons. Older adults are defined as those 65 years or older.Evidence AssessmentThe USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that screening for MDD in adults, including pregnant and postpartum persons and older adults, has a moderate net benefit. The USPSTF concludes that the evidence is insufficient on the benefit and harms of screening for suicide risk in adults, including pregnant and postpartum persons and older adults.RecommendationThe USPSTF recommends screening for depression in the adult population, including pregnant and postpartum persons and older adults. (B recommendation) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for suicide risk in the adult population, including pregnant and postpartum persons and older adults. (I statement)
Risk of Bacteremia in Febrile Children and Young Adults With Sickle Cell Disease in a Multicenter Emergency Department Cohort
Authors: Rineer Stephen , Walsh Patrick S. , Smart Luke R. , Harun Nusrat , Schnadower David , Lipshaw Matthew J. 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceBacteremia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children and young adults with sickle cell disease (SCD), but among those presenting to the emergency department (ED) with fever, the absolute risk of, risk factors associated with, and outcomes of bacteremia are poorly defined.ObjectiveTo obtain contemporary data on the absolute risk of, risk factors associated with, and outcomes associated with bacteremia in children and young adults with SCD presenting to the ED with fever.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted of individuals with SCD younger than 22 years (young adults) presenting to EDs within the Pediatric Health Information Systems database from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2021, with fever (identified by diagnostic codes for fever or the collection of blood samples for cultures and intravenous antibiotic administration). Data analysis was performed from May 17 to December 15, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe risk of bacteremia (defined by diagnostic coding) was identified in these children and young adults, and univariate analyses and multivariable regression were used to examine patient-level factors and bacteremia.ResultsA total of 35 548 encounters representing 11 181 individual patients from 36 hospitals were evaluated. The median age of the cohort was 6.17 (IQR, 2.36-12.11) years and 52.9% were male. Bacteremia was present in 405 encounters (1.1%, 95% CI, 1.05%-1.26%). A history of bacteremia, osteomyelitis, stroke, central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), central venous catheter, or apheresis was associated with the diagnosis of bacteremia, while age, sex, hemoglobin SC genotype, and race and ethnicity were not. In the multivariable analysis, individuals with a history of bacteremia (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% CI, 1.01-1.83), CLABSI (OR, 6.39; 95% CI, 3.02-13.52), and apheresis (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.22-2.55) had higher odds of bacteremia.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this large cohort study suggest that bacteremia in children and young adults with SCD presenting with fever is rare. A history of invasive bacterial infection, CLABSI, or a central line appears to be associated with bacteremia, while age and SCD genotype are not.
Prospective Associations of Childhood Housing Insecurity With Anxiety and Depression Symptoms During Childhood and Adulthood
Authors: Keen Ryan , Chen Jarvis T. , Slopen Natalie , Sandel Megan , Copeland William E. , Tiemeier Henning 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceChildhood housing insecurity has dramatically increased in the US in recent decades, but whether an association with adverse mental health outcomes exists after adjusting for repeated measures of childhood poverty is unclear.ObjectiveTo test whether childhood housing insecurity is associated with later anxiety and depression symptoms after adjusting for time-varying measures of childhood poverty.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective cohort study included individuals aged 9, 11, and 13 years at baseline from the Great Smoky Mountains Study in western North Carolina. Participants were assessed up to 11 times from January 1993 to December 2015. Data were analyzed from October 2021 to October 2022.ExposureParticipants and their parents reported social factors annually when participants were 9 to 16 years of age. A comprehensive measure of childhood housing insecurity was constructed based on frequent residential moves, reduced standard of living, forced separation from home, and foster care status.Main Outcomes and MeasuresBetween ages 9 and 16 years, the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment was used up to 7 times to evaluate childhood anxiety and depression symptoms. Adult anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed at ages 19, 21, 26, and 30 years using the Young Adult Psychiatric Assessment.ResultsOf the 1339 participants (mean [SD] age, 11.3 [1.63] years), 739 (55.2%; 51.1% weighted) were male; 1203 individuals assessed up to 30 years of age were included in the adulthood outcome analyses. Standardized mean (SD) baseline anxiety and depression symptom scores were higher among children who experienced housing insecurity than among those who never experienced housing insecurity (anxiety: 0.49 [1.15] vs 0.22 [1.02]; depression: 0.20 [1.08] vs −0.06 [0.82]). Individuals who experienced childhood housing insecurity had higher anxiety symptom scores (fixed effects: standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.21; 95% CI, 0.12-0.30; random effects: SMD, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.15-0.35) and higher depression symptom scores (fixed effects: SMD, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.09-0.28; random effects: SMD, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.14-0.37) during childhood. In adulthood, childhood housing insecurity was associated with higher depression symptom scores (SMD, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.00-0.21).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, housing insecurity was associated with anxiety and depression during childhood and with depression during adulthood. Because housing insecurity is a modifiable, policy-relevant factor associated with psychopathology, these results suggest that social policies that support secure housing may be an important prevention strategy.
Working environment at home and mental health in employees working from home in Japan during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sasaki Natsu , Kuroda Reiko , Mikami Yuta , Tsuno Kanami , Imamura Kotaro , Nishi Daisuke , Kawakami Norito 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the associations of a poor working environment at home with psychological distress and psychosomatic symptoms in employees working from home in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
The data obtained in October 2021 from an online cohort of full-time employees (E- COCO- J) were used. Participants who worked from home for at least some days per month were included. The poor working environment at home was assessed using 11 items based on the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare recommended checklist. The score ranged from 0 to 11. Psychological distress and psychosomatic symptoms were measured by the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ). The associations between total scores of poor working environment and outcomes were examined by multiple regression analysis, adjusted by age, sex, education, living with family, frequencies of working from home, company size, job demand, job control, and workplace social support.

Results
Two hundred twenty-six employees who were working at home were included. The mean of the summed scores of poor working environments at home was 2.75. After adjusting the covariates, summed scores of poor working environments were significantly associated with high psychological distress (standardized β = 0.21, P = .003) and with high psychosomatic symptoms (β = 0.19, P = .005). For each poor environment, lack of ventilation and difficulty staying hydrated or resting were significantly associated with both outcomes.

Conclusions
Even after adjusting for job stressors and support, working environments at home were associated with employees’ mental health. Appropriate measures and education may be needed.
In Situ Polymerizing Internal Encapsulation Strategy Enables Stable Perovskite Solar Cells toward Lead Leakage Suppression
Authors: Tian Chuanming , Li Bin , Rui Yichuan , Xiong Hao , Zhao Yu , Han Xuefei , Zhou Xinliang , Qiu Yu , An Wei , Li Kerui , Hou Chengyi , Li Yaogang , Wang Hongzhi , Zhang Qinghong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite the outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) achieved over the years, unsatisfactory stability and lead toxicity remain obstacles that limit their competitiveness and large‐scale practical deployment. In this study, in situ polymerizing internal encapsulation (IPIE) is developed as a holistic approach to overcome these challenges. The uniform polymer internal package layer constructed by thermally triggered cross‐linkable monomers not only solidifies the ionic perovskite crystalline by strong electron‐withdrawing/donating chemical sites, but also acts as a water penetration and ion migration barrier to prolong shelf life under harsh environments. The optimized MAPbI3 and FAPbI3 devices with IPIE treatment yield impressive efficiencies of 22.29% and 24.12%, respectively, accompanied by remarkably enhanced environmental and mechanical stabilities. In addition, toxic water‐soluble lead leakage is minimized by the synergetic effect of the physical encapsulation wall and chemical chelation conferred by the IPIE. Hence, this strategy provides a feasible route for preparing efficient, stable, and eco‐friendly PSCs.
Uncovering Original Z Scheme Heterojunctions of COF/MOx (M = Ti, Zn, Zr, Sn, Ce, and Nb) with Ascendant Photocatalytic Selectivity for Virtually 99.9% NO‐to‐NO3− Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Yujiao , Hu Zhao , Zhang Heng , Li Hu , Yang Song 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNovel Covalent organic skeleton/metal oxide (COF/MOx; M = Ti, Zn, Zr, Sn, Ce, Nb) Z scheme heterojunction is constructed to achieve highly selective oxidation of nitric oxide (NO). Under visible‐light irradiation, the optimized COF/TiO2 (CF/TS0.05) catalyst showed an excellent NO removal rate (64.5%), resulting from the improvement of light absorption performance, the separation efficiency of photoexcited electron‐hole pairs, and O2 activation due to the uniform coating of COF. Meanwhile, the electrons are captured by the adsorbed oxygen to effectively render into superoxide radicals as the main active species, and the corresponding holes are retained at the complex interface due to the hydrophobic COF coating, which extremely reduced the ability of activated water to produce hydroxyl radicals and limited the production of intermediate nitrogen dioxide (NO2), thereby improving the oxidation selectivity toward nitrate (NO3−) at 99.9% in the Z scheme heterojunction. More importantly, other COF/MOx catalysts also exhibited superior selectivity and activity, meaning that this scheme is credited with universality. In short, this study reveals that the generation of only one main reactive oxygen species is enhanced by reasonable control of electron‐hole pair in the new Z scheme heterojunction to significantly increase photocatalytic performance and selectivity.
MBE Grown Vanadium Oxide Thin Films for Enhanced Non‐Enzymatic Glucose Sensing
Authors: Franceschini Filippo , Payo Maria Recaman , Schouteden Koen , Ustarroz Jon , Locquet Jean Pierre , Taurino Irene 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the search for non‐enzymatic alternatives to glucose oxidase, reliable and microchip‐compatible approaches to catalyst development are highly desirable. Herein, the electrochemical behavior of thin films of VOx deposited by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on glassy carbon electrodes is reported . A process of partial etching during polarization is observed. Thereafter, highly active and stable traces of VOx act as catalytic centers for glucose electrooxidation. A mechanistic description of the electrochemical process is proposed based on evidence provided by voltammetric measurements. The sensors are calibrated both with potentiometric and amperometric techniques, the former showing a wide linear range (1–10 mM), good sensitivity (14.93 ± 0.39 µA cm−2 × mM–1) and a limit of detection (0.32 m‐M). Unlike most metal oxides, it is shown that VOx on glassy carbon is capable of successfully oxidizing glucose at −0.4 V. Such a one‐of‐kind behavior can have important ramifications for energy‐efficient integrated electrochemical sensors and non‐enzymatic glucose sensing as a whole.
Bacterial Outer Membrane‐Based Biomimetic Immune Adaptors: Mild Immunomodulatory and Bacterial Targeted Delivery Strategy Against Implant‐Related Infections
Authors: Ding Cheng , He Renke , Cheng Tao , Wang Jinxia , Liu Xijian , Guo Geyong , Chen Yunfeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractImplant‐related infections (IRIs) are difficult to manage and are a major cause of surgical failure. The formation of biofilms with a solid barrier on the surface of implants and concomitant suppression of the local immune response constitute major challenges for treating IRIs. This study develops a multifunctional biomimetic immune adaptor (Hybrid Membrane@Levo@SiO2; HMLS) generated by loading the antibiotic levofloxacin (Levo) into silica nanoparticles and coating the particles with a hybrid membrane formed from outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Escherichia coli and red blood cell membranes (RBCMs). The HMLS nanoplatform is designed to address the challenges associated with IRIs through a dual‐approach strategy. First, the unique immunogenicity of OMVs regulates the antibacterial immune responses of innate immune cells and reverses the immunosuppressive microenvironment around IRIs. Second, the homotypic targeting effect of OMVs in the hybrid membrane provides HMLS with bacterial targeting functions and efficient bactericidal effects. Additionally, the RBCMs endow the hybrid membrane with mild immunogenicity, which prevents excessive inflammatory stimulation. The synergistic strategy of HMLS exhibits superior antibiofilm effects both in vivo and in vitro, providing a new option for the clinical treatment of refractory IRIs.