Predictors of self-reported research productivity amongst medical students in the United Kingdom: a national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Osunronbi Temidayo , Adeboye William , Faluyi David , Sofela Jasmine , Abankwa Efua , Abraha Semhar , Adamu-Biu Fatima , Ahmad Zain , Akhionbare Izieduwa , Chimba Chimba , Corriero Anna Chiara , Fofanah Isata J. , Ibeanusi Ikenna , Ibrahim Ummulkhulsum , Inyang Deborah , Jones Robert , Kolawole Adebola , Madume Rachael , Mandangu Chenai , Mberu Valentine , Nelson-Rowe Ellen , O’Riordan Marguerite , Shoker Serena , Sofela Agbolahan ,   REMED-U. K. collaborators, Abdelhafiz Dima , Adebayo Ayanfe , Afolabi Oluwafemi , Awow Fatima , Crankson Akua , Exley Henry , Frame Lauren , Johnson Ola , Kufuor Risata A. , Madu William , McCutcheon Calum , Mitoko Christine , Mohamed Suaad , Munyebvu Samantha R. , Shah Max , Stewart Oonagh , Watts Alice 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The number of academic clinicians in the UK is declining and there are demographic inequalities in the clinical-academic workforce. Increased research productivity by medical students is believed to reduce future attrition in the clinical-academic workforce. Thus, this study investigated the association between student demographics and research productivity amongst UK medical students.

Methods
This is a national multicentre cross-sectional study of UK medical students in the 2020/21 academic year. We appointed one student representative per medical school, and they disseminated a 42-item online questionnaire over nine weeks, through departmental emails and social media advertisements. The outcome measures were: (i) publications (yes/no) (ii) number of publications (iii) number of first-authored publications (iv) abstract presentation (yes/no). We utilised multiple logistic and zero-inflated Poisson regression analyses to test for associations between the outcome measures and predictor variables at a 5% significance level.

Results
There are 41 medical schools in the UK. We received 1573 responses from 36 UK medical schools. We failed to recruit student representatives from three newly formed medical schools, whilst two medical schools prohibited us from sending the survey to their students. Women had lower odds of having a publication (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.33–0.85) and on average had fewer first-author publications than men (IRR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.37–0.89). Compared to white students, mixed-ethnicity students had greater odds of having a publication (OR: 3.06, 95% CI: 1.67–5.59), an abstract presentation (OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.37–3.26), and on average had a greater number of publications (IRR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.02–3.43). On average, students who attended independent UK secondary schools had a higher rate of first-author publications compared to those that attended state secondary schools (IRR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.23–3.15).

Conclusion
Our data suggest that there are gender, ethnic and socioeconomic inequalities in research productivity among UK medical students. To tackle this, and potentially improve diversity in clinical academia, we recommend that medical schools should facilitate targeted high quality research mentorship, funding and training, especially for under-represented-in-medicine students.