bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child and Adult Faces: Facial Mimicry and Emotion Perception Are Influenced by the Interaction of Target Age and Face Masks
Authors: Kastendieck Till , Dippel Nele , Asbrand Julia , Hess Ursula 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Emotional mimicry, the imitation of others’ emotion expressions, is related to both interpersonal closeness and better perceived interaction quality. Yet, little research has focused on the effect of face masks on emotional mimicry and none on masked child faces. To address this gap, we conducted an online experiment (N=235, German sample, adult perceivers). Masks reduced emotion recognition accuracy for all expressions, except in the case of anger in masked child faces, where perceived anger was even increased. Perceived interpersonal closeness was reduced for masked happy and sad faces. For both child and adult expressers, masks reduced facial mimicry of happy expressions, with no mask effects for sadness and anger expression. A stronger mask effect on facial happiness mimicry of child faces was mediated by the degree to which recognition accuracy of these faces. Smiles shown by masked children were not recognized well, likely due to the absence of wrinkles around the eyes in child faces. Independent of masks, sadness shown by children was mimicked even more strongly than when shown by adults. These results provide evidence for facial mimicry of child expressions by adult perceivers and show that the effects of face masks on emotion communication may vary when children wear them.
Oxymatrine mediated prevention of amyloid β-peptide induced apoptosis on Alzheimer's model PC12 cells an in vitro cell culture studies and in vivo cognitive assessment in rats
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Gao Chao , Zhang Lei , Sui Rubo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major neurological disease affecting elder people worldwide. Existing drugs only reduce the symptoms of the disease. Commonly, Aβ25–35 peptide aggregation is the main reason for AD development. Recently, the discovery of multiple protein-targeting molecules is a new strategy for AD treatment. This study demonstrates the neuroprotective potential of oxymatrine against multiple mechanisms like acetylcholinesterase, mitochondrial damage, and β-amyloid induced cell toxicity. The in vitro cell culture studies showed that oxymatrine possesses significant potential in the inhibition of the Acetylcholine esterase enzyme. Treatment of oxymatrine enhanced the antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and Aβ25–35 peptide aggregation prevention mechanism in PC12 cells. Furthermore, oxymatrine has the competence to protect the PC12 cells against Aβ25–35 induced cytotoxicity and down-regulates the ROS generation. The in vivo acute toxicological studies confirmed that the oxymatrine did not induce any organ damage or death in test animal groups. Overall, the study evidenced that, oxymatrine as an efficient neuroprotective agent, might be a multifunctional drug for Alzheimer’s disease treatment. We believed that this is a reliable and synergistic approach to Alzheimer’s treatment strategy.
A Study to Evaluate the Compliance to Packaging Laws in Pakistan by Local and International Tobacco Industries
Authors: Askary Syed Hussain , Jamshed Abdul Ahad , Askary Gulrukh , Sheikh Ali Raza 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Introduction – Tobacco control laws are one of the most effective means aimed to combat the widespread use of tobacco. Pakistan has come a long way in getting a grip on this pandemic, however much is yet to be done. With the poor implementation of laws, tobacco companies are able to capitalize on this to boost the sale of their products among the population.
Methods – A cross-sectional study was done in which data regarding tobacco packaging was collected from various shops that deal with the sale of cigarettes. This data was then compiled and compared with tobacco control laws to determine the compliance of brands with local packaging laws.
Results – A total of 100 brands were collected and analyzed, out of which 55 were local and 45 were manufactured internationally. From the entire sample, only 28% of the brands were following every protocol laid down by the Ministry of Health.
Conclusion – This study was able to portray poor adherence to tobacco packaging laws of various tobacco companies operating in Pakistan. Majority of the brands were seen to be lacking in at least one component of the law, which shows poor implementation and enforcement of policies. There is a dire need for Pakistan to promote more effective means of tobacco control through the implementation of strict guidelines.
Changes in the characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women who delivered prior to and after China’s universal two-child policy: A real-world retrospective study, 2010-2021
Authors: Zhu Caixia , Zhang Shaofeng , Shen Lixia , Ye Lisha , Zhan Minjin , Cai Shiqin , Huang Jingwan , Wang Zilian , Chen Haitian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background In 2016, “universal two-child” policy, allowing each couple to have two children, was introduced in China. The characteristic change of the long-term peroid after implementation of universal two-child policy was unclear. To investigate trends in the obstetric characteristics and their potential impact on the rates of cesarean section and preterm birth in the era of China’s universal two-child policy.
Methods A tertiary center-based study (2010-2021) retrospectively enrolled 39 016 single pregnancies who delivered from the one-child policy period (OCP,2010-2015) to the universal two-child policy period (TCP, 2016-2021). Maternal demographics, complications, delivery mode and obstetric outcomes were analyzed. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between cesarean section rate, preterm birth and implementation of the universal two-child policy.
Results The proportion of women with advanced maternal age (AMA) increased from 14.6% in the OCP to 31.6% in the TCP. The number of multiparous women increased 2-fold in the TCP. In addition, the overall rate of cesarean section significantly decreased over the policy change, regardless of maternal age, whereas the risk of preterm birth significantly increased in the TCP. Adjusting for maternal age, parity and fetal distress, the universal two-child policy showed a significantly favorable impact on the cesarean section rate (RR 0.745, 95%CI (0.714-0.777), P<0.001). Compared to the OCP group, a higher increase in fetal distress and prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) were observed in the TCP group. In pregnancies with AMA, there was no increase in the risk of postpartum hemorrhage, whereas more women who younger than 35 years old suffered from postpartum hemorrhage in TCP. The logistic regression model showed that the universal two-child policy was positively associated with the risk of postpartum hemorrhage (RR: 1.135, 95%CI: 1.025-1.257, P=0.015).
Conclusions After the implementation of the universal two-child policy in China, the rate of the cesarean section significantly decreased, especially for women under 35 years old. However, the overall risk of postpartum hemorrhage increased in women under 35 years old, while there was no change in women with AMA. Under the new population policy, the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in the young women should not be neglected.
Traffic Qualification in SD-WMN using Ensemble based Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Noutat Judith Soulamite Nouho , Ndie Thomas Djotio , Bessala André Cédric 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The traffic classification problem formulation is NP-hard and has known several resolution approaches where the emerging one is the machine learning approach. However, these approaches have primarily focused on traditional wired and wireless networks and rarely on Software-Defined Wireless Mesh Networks (SD-WMNs). A Software-Defined Network (SDN) makes network monitoring easier by separating the control plane of the network from the data plane. This paper discusses the limits of traffic classification in the network and proposes an approach based on supervised ensemble machine learning adapted to SD-WMN to classifier traffic efficiently in three stages: (a) a traffic-monitoring phase, (b) an IP flow collection phase and, (c) a traffic classification phase by the ensemble supervised machine learning. Ensemble methods are techniques that aim at improving the accuracy of results in models by combining multiple models instead of using a single model. The combined models significantly increase the accuracy of results. We performed experiments on Mininet-wifi emulation platform as data plane with Ryu as SDN controller in control plane. The supervised ensemble learning yields: (a) for the Bagging algorithm with the Random Forest algorithm, an accuracy of 99.90%, with an F1 score of 99.90% and, (b) for Boosting with the XGBoost algorithm, an accuracy of 99.97% with an F1 score of 99.96%. XGBoost appears as the best traffic classification model.
Use of pre-equilibrium information by AMPA glutamatergic receptors
Authors: Braunstein Helena , Ventura Alejandra , Colman-Lerner Alejandro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Glutamate mediates fast excitatory neurotransmission by the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors in the central nervous system. It has long been shown that glutamate affinity for AMPA receptors is submicromolar. However, the concentrations of glutamate required to elicit ligand-dependent currents are at up to five hundred-fold higher, in the submillimolar range. How is it that glutamate may exert dose-dependent responses in a concentration range at which AMPA receptors are largely saturated, has remained unexplained. Here, we employed a mathematical modeling approach using published reaction rates that shows that AMPARs operate in a pre-equilibrium sensing and signaling (PRESS) regime. By operating before equilibrium binding, AMPARs exploit a transient dynamic range shifted to high ligand concentrations. We also show that the key transition enabling PRESS is the fast desensitization, and we propose that natural regulators of this step, such as transmembrane AMPAR regulatory proteins, would modulate AMPARs dynamic range by modifying the time window in which AMPARs may use pre-equilibrium information. We speculate that the use of PRESS by AMPARs helps restrict the postsynaptic area of action of this fast transmission. Other receptors with fast desensitization may also take advantage of PRESS to accurately control dose-dependent responses.
Choose the surgery or not? That is the question. Function preservation after endoscopic- assisted removal of small vestibular schwannomas: a case series
Authors: Zhu Jiandong , Gu Jingyu , Sun Song , Zhai WeiWei , Yu Zhengquan , Wu Jiang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Three primary treatment modalities exist for small vestibular schwannomas (VSs): wait-and-scan, radiosurgery, and tumor removal. We report the outcomes and preservation of function after retrosigmoid small VS removal with endoscopic assistance and clarify the management paradigm for small VSs.
Methods: Six patients with small VSs who underwent resection through the retrosigmoid approach with endoscope assistance from January 2019 to December 2022 in our department were enrolled in this study. Data on these patients’ age prior to surgery, side of surgery, tumor size, preoperative and postoperative pure tone average, and word recognition scores were acquired, and the surgical outcomes and postoperative complications were evaluated.
Results: The tumor was first removed by a conventional microscopic procedure with the help of neurophysiological monitoring, and then an endoscope was used to find and remove any residual lesions. Gross-total resection was facilitated using an operative endoscope in 5 patients (83%), with additional tumors visible through the endoscope. All patients (100%) had a House-Brackmann facial nerve grade of II or better at the last follow-up. Among the four patients (67%) who had good preoperative hearing, the hearing was preserved in 3 patients and one patient had poor hearing after surgery. Total resections were achieved in all the patients (100%).
Conclusions: As a result of a surgical technique that involves endoscopy-assisted craniotomy with intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring, retrosigmoid removal of small VSs can lead to successful curative tumor removal with excellent functional outcomes. Thus, surgical resection should be the first-line treatment for patients with small VSs who can tolerate surgery.
Population data of the Heron Colonies in the Reedbed of Lake Kolon from a Non- Disturbance high altitude Aerial Photogrammetry based Survey
Authors: Bakó Gábor , Molnár Zsolt , Biró Csaba , Morvai Edina , Ábrám Örs , Demény Krisztina , Molnár András , Göndös Dorottya 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Indicator species can provide warning signals for upcoming changes or shifts to an ecosystem such as climate change. Heron colonies as indicators are also suitable for monitoring changes in our environment, the effectiveness of habitat restoration or the effects of impacts. That’s why the importance of population survey is increasing. We have tested a high-altitude survey method of a breeding heron colony in Lake Kolon pilot area that allows accurate bird counting without disturbing the birds. Previously, the survey of large body-sized heron colonies was only statistically well analysed for nest counts. Surveying breeding colonies using 0.5 cm field resolution orthophotos taken with calibrated cameras carried on aircraft flying at over 240 km/h from 700 m above the ground provides much more accurate information. Individuals can be detected on at least 14 orthophotos and additional oblique images, and the resolution and geometric accuracy of approximately 20 cm increases the reliability of identification and reduces the risk of multiple counts. The primary aim of the surveys is to provide data of the heron colonies in 2018 and 2019 in Lake Kolon, and to do so in a way that the examination does not cause disturbance to the birds.
Development of in vitro cardiovascular tissue models within capillary circuit microfluidic devices fabricated with 3D Stereolithography printing
Authors: Esparza Aibhlin , Jimenez Nicole , Joddar Binata , Natividad-Diaz Sylvia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Human cardiovascular tissue and diseases are difficult to study for novel drug discovery and fundamental cellular/molecular processes due to limited availability of physiologically-relevant models in vitro.[1–3] Animal models may resemble human heart structure, however there are significant differences from human cardiovascular physiology including biochemical signaling, and gene expression.[4–6] In vitro microfluidic tissue models provide a less expensive, more controlled, and reproducible platform for better quantification of isolated cellular processes in response to biochemical or biophysical stimulus.[6–12] The capillary driven-flow microfluidic device in this study was manufactured with a 3D stereolithography (SLA) printed mold and is a closed circuit system operating on principles of capillary action allowing continuous fluid movement without external power supply. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human cardiomyocytes (AC16) were encapsulated into a fibrin hydrogel to form vascular (VTM) and cardiac (CTM) tissue models respectively. To determine response to biophysical stimulus, the 3D cardiovascular tissue was directly loaded into the device tissue culture chambers that either had no microposts (DWoP) or microposts (DWPG) for 1, 3 and 5 days. The tissues were analyzed with fluorescent microscopy for morphological differences, average tube length, and cell orientation between tissues cultured in both conditions. In DWPG VTMs displayed capillary-like tube formation with visible cell alignment and orientation, while AC16s continued to elongate around microposts by day 5. VTM and CTM models in devices with posts (DWPG) displayed cell alignment and orientation after 5 days, indicated the microposts induced biophysical cues to guide cell structure and specific organization.
Does Etoricoxib or Dexamethasone Control Inflammatory Pain, Edema, and Trismus After Impacted Third Molar Surgery? a Double-Blind, Split-Mouth Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Mariano Ronaldo Célio , Villela Geraldo Alves , de Menezes Pedro Henrique Moraes , Saraiva Maria Conceição Pereira , Antoniali Cristina 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose:This double-blind, split-mouth randomized clinical trial investigated whether etoricoxib or dexamethasone is effective to control postoperative pain, edema, and trismus after extraction of impacted mandibular third molars.
Methods: Twenty-eight patients received a single dose of dexamethasone (4 mg) (G1) or etoricoxib (120 mg) (G2) before surgery and were examined for the presence of pain, edema, and trismus for 72 h. Pain was evaluated by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and total administration of rescue analgesic medication (paracetamol, 500 mg tablets). Edema was quantified by the VAS and five facial measures, whereas trismus was assessed by measuring the maximum opening of the mouth. Twenty-eight patients in need of impacted third molar surgery met the eligibility criteria.
Results: Patients in G2 used rescue analgesic medication 12 h after surgery and reported minimal pain experience in the VAS (0.335 cm), suggesting that postoperative pain was significantly controlled with the administration of etoricoxib (P < 0.0001). Patients who received dexamethasone experienced pain levels 3.6-fold greater in the VAS (1.21 cm) and used the rescue analgesic medication more frequently, with a mean of 3.4 tablets. While the facial measures showed no significant differences between the groups concerning edema, self-assessed VAS data indicated that G1 patients experienced edema more frequently. There were significant differences regarding the control of trismus between the groups (P> 0.05).
Conclusion: Our findings indicated that etoricoxib (120 mg) was significantly more effective in controlling postoperative pain than dexamethasone (4 mg) and that both drugs were comparable for the control of edema and trismus.
Aesthetic Analysis of Green Open Space (GOS) Landscape Elements
Karebosi Field Complex
Authors: Dollah/Corespondency Aris Sakkar , Mursyid  , Januartiputri Andi Mega 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Urban aesthetics is one of the main components that can contribute to overcoming the weakness of the gloomy picture of urban areas by strengthening the formation of public spaces, in this case, green open spaces, according to the demands of society. This research seeks to examine landscape elements that do not contribute to or reduce the aesthetic value of the appearance of green open spaces by exploring visitor perceptions. This study seeks to show the role of landscape elements in enhancing aesthetic configurations and social functions to meet community needs. This research was conducted using a survey method with descriptive analysis. Data collection was carried out by observation and documentation techniques. The results showed that elements of jogging paths, fences, grass fields, and seats were landscape elements which were the main points in the aesthetic assessment which did not support the aesthetic image of this green open space.
Alteration in the level of NR2F2-AS1/ miR-320b / BMI1 differentially converges with the progression of gastric adenocarcinoma toward metastasis
Authors: Ghorbanzadeh Shadi , Pourghasem Navid , Amiz Roghayeh , Afsa Masoumeh , Malekzadeh Kianoosh 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A regulatory pathway centered on lncRNA NR2F2-AS1/miR20b effects on dysregulation of BMI1 was hypothesized particularly in higher stages, which was confirmed by our bioinformatics examinations. An increase of more than 2-fold for BMI-1 and lncRNA NR2F2-AS1, respectively found in lower stages, and elevation continued with the increasing stage of the disease, and converged with significant downregulation of miR-320b and PTEN, noticing their association with tumor progression and decreased patient survival. lncRNA NR2F2-As1 acts as an oncogene to sponge miR-320b making changes in BMI1. A reduction in the amount of miR-320b against lncRNA NR2F2-AS1 and BMI1 directly correlates with a reduced overall survival rate of patients, especially if this disproportion is more than 3.0. Further study by gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that disruption in the expression of BMI1 interplays in WNT, AKT, and RTK pathways affected the cell cycle, and provide the condition in favor of tumor progression. ROC curve analysis indicated that alteration in the level of BMI1 and lncRNA NR2F2-AS1 showed more than 94.0% sensitivity and specificity to differentiate the lower from higher stages of GC and predict the early onset of metastasis. This study can suggest another molecular aspect in the pathogenesis or prognostic marker for the progression of GC, particularly if this event is also observed in the blood of the patients.
Identify an Innovative Fatty Acid Metabolism-Related Gene in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Fu Kai , Li Lin , Liu Tengfei , Yin Shaoning 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are the sixth largest group of malignancies worldwide. Due to the highly aggressive, heterogeneousness and tumor microenvironment, the variable prognosis of HNSCC patients is changeable. Fatty acid metabolism-related genes (FAMGs) play a vital role in the development of malignant tumors, but the role in HNSCC is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to establish a reliable prognostic model based on FAMGs for evaluating the prognosis and immunotherapy of HNSCC patients and find the key prognostic genes to provide guidance for the early diagnosis and treatment.
Methods: We obtained cancer-related data from various public databases.
The FAMGs risk score model was established and proved by a combination of univariate Cox analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. Combining risk scores and clinical characteristics, a nomogram was created and validated. Subsequently, the function, immune difference, immune infiltration, enrichment analysis, and hub genes of the groups with high‐ and low‐risk scores were analyzed. Consequently, the mode's validity was evaluated comprehensively by combining single gene analysis and pan-cancer analysis.
Results: we screened out 73 differentially expressed FAGMs and 9 genes associated with prognosis to construct a prognostic risk score model for genes related to fatty acid metabolism. The FAMGs signature was an independent prognostic factor for HNSCC, and patients in the low-risk group had higher overall survival (OS) than those in the high-risk group. In addition, we found differences in immune cell infiltration and enrich pathways between the different risk score groups. Finally, through the risk assessment model, combined with multiple databases, PTGDS, a high-risk and prognosis-related gene, was screened. And it showed a trend of low expression in many cancers, which predicted the prognosis of many cancers, especially in HNSCC.
Conclusion: Metabolism-related genes affect the prognosis and survival of patients with HNSCC through affecting tumor microenvironment. And PTGDS can predict the survival and prognosis of cancer patients as an independent effective prognostic factor, particularly in HNSCC.