bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public services in island sub‐districts: Towards geography‐based governance
Authors: Madubun Jusuf 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study proposes a form of governance of sub‐district public services based on the geography of the Maluku archipelago in Indonesia. Using qualitative research, data were collected using in‐depth interviews, focus group discussions, documentation, and field observations, involving informants from local and sub‐district government elements and community leaders. This study revealed that the governance of public services in the islands is not optimal because it cannot meet the challenges that are unique to the islands, such as minimal authority, inadequate organisation and management capacity of the sub‐district, lack of human resources and facilities support, and limited transportation facilities. This study found two primary causal factors, namely: first, internal factors, (1) implementation of the concept of symmetrical decentralisation in various local contexts, (2) disproportionate fiscal policies, and (3) weak political commitment of mayors regarding delegation of authority and discretion. Second, external factors are related to the difficulty of accessing services.Points for practitioners
The non‐optimal governance of public services in the islands cannot meet the challenges.
The uniqueness of the islands includes minimal authority, inadequate organisation and management (O&M) capacity of the sub‐district, lack of human resources and facilities support, and limited transportation facilities.
The Islands Sub‐District Governance Model (ISGov‐Model) proposes attributive and discretionary authority, increased O&M capacity, financial support, and adequate staff and facilities.
The ISGov‐Model leads the archipelagic sub‐district to become the epicentre of public services.
Hydrothermal Systems Characterized by Crustal Thermally‐dominated Structures of Southeastern China
Authors: WANG Guiling , GAN Haonan , LIN Wenjing , YUE Gaofan , YAN Xiaoxue , LI Tingxin , ZHANG Wei , MA Feng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSoutheastern China (SE China) is located in the Pacific tectonic domain and has experienced a series of tectonomagmatic events induced by the subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate since the late Mesozoic. The subduction formed a series of NE‐NNE oriented faults under a NW–SE regional stress field, along which a number of thermal springs occur. Previous studies have focused on the genesis mechanism of specific geothermal fields in SE China, but the general characteristics of hydrothermal systems in SE China remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the correlation between geothermal activity, hydrochemical type and regional faults by studying the distribution of hydrothermal activity and geochemical properties of typical hydrothermal systems in SE China. The hydrothermal systems in SE China have a crustal thermally‐dominated structural origin unique to the specific geological and tectonic conditions of the Eurasian Plate margin. The upwelling of the asthenosphere and the widespread granitoids with high radiogenic heat production in SE China provide major heat sources for regional geothermal anomalies. The NE‐oriented crustal thermally‐dominated faults are critical for the formation of geothermal anomalies and NW‐oriented extensional faults have created favorable conditions for meteoric water infiltration, transportation and the formation of thermal springs.
An Early Paleozoic Ultramafic Complex in the North Wulan Metamorphic Complex, North Qaidam: Contraints on the Nature of the Alaskan‐type Continental Arc Root
Authors: SHAN Jinming , NIU Manlan , LI Xiucai , LI Chen , WANG Lei , ZHANG Shuai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOrogenic peridotite is an important component of orogenic belts and retains crucial information on mantle magmatic activity, slab subduction, and melt or fluid metasomatism. To determine the source of the mantle‐derived parental magma of the peridotite and to investigate the metasomatism that it experienced, we undertook an integrated study of the petrography, whole‐rock major‐ and trace‐element compositions, in situ zircon U‐Pb geochronology, and mineral major‐and trace‐element compositions of an early Paleozoic ultramafic complex in the North Wulan area of North Qaidam. The Halihatu ultramafic–mafic complex is composed of dunite, pyroxene peridotite, and gabbro, which are characteristic of Alaskan‐type complexes. The dunite yields a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 479 ± 5 Ma (MSWD = 0.7), which reflects the age of the metasomatism rather than the crystallization age of the ultramafic magma. The peridotites have high Mg# (89.8–91.8) and Cr contents (2419–5190 ppm), low Al2O3 (0.20–1.68 wt%) and Ni (289–1012 ppm) contents, and high olivine Fo contents (87–91), suggesting a large degree (∼15%–22%) of partial melting of lithospheric ultramafic rocks followed by variable degrees of fractional crystallization of olivine and pyroxene. This is consistent with estimates of 15%–22.3% partial melting calculated using the Cr# of spinel crystals and with the low Yb (0.04–0.33 ppm) and Y (0.72–1.29 ppm) contents of clinopyroxene crystals. Whole‐rock trace‐element patterns show enrichment in large ion lithophile elements and depletion in high field strength elements, along with high Al2O3 (2.10–6.47 wt%) and low TiO2 (0.01–0.21 wt%) contents of clinopyroxene crystals, suggesting an arc magma cumulate trend. These features, along with the high olivine Fo contents (87–91 ppm), imply that the Halihatu peridotite is an Alaskan‐type crustal cumulates derived from Mg‐rich hydrous basaltic melts. The high estimated fO2 (FMQ +1.97 to FMQ +3.81) further supports the idea that they formed in an arc setting. The Ni/Co and Ni/Mn ratios and cumulate textures of the olivine, quenched boundaries between mafic and felsic melts, and the occurrence of tremolite and phlogopite reflect interactions between the Halihatu peridotite and injected silicate and carbonatitic melts in the lower crust. Therefore, we propose a new cumulate‐infiltration model for the petrogenesis of Alaskan‐type ultramafic complexes, which improves our understanding of the nature of Alaskan‐type continental arc root.
Should health communication regarding COVID‐19 emphasize self‐ or other‐focused impacts of mitigation behaviors? Insights from two message matching studies
Authors: O'Dowd Ian , Joyal‐Desmarais Keven , Scharmer Alexandra , Walters Ashley , Snyder Mark 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMask‐wearing, social distancing, and vaccination remain effective ways to mitigate the spread of COVID‐19. Yet, many hesitate to enact some or all these preventive behaviors. We created three persuasive messages—framed to promote benefits to either (1) oneself, (2) close‐others, or (3) distant‐others—to determine whether the effectiveness of these messages varied based on personality differences (specifically independent/interdependent self‐construal and chronic construal level). In two online experiments (N = 862), we measured individual differences and showed participants one of the three messages. Consistent interactions between interdependent self‐construal and message conditions showed that those high in interdependent self‐construal responded most positively to the self‐focused messages promoting mask‐wearing, social distancing, and COVID‐19 vaccination. Those low in interdependent self‐construal responded most negatively to the self‐focused messages. Although no interaction effect was observed for independent self‐construal, and inconsistent evidence emerged for construal level, other‐focused messages performed either better or equally well to the self‐focused messages for most participants and may thus be promising for future public health communication efforts.
Happy thoughts: The role of communion in accepting and sharing (mis)beliefs
Authors: Altay Sacha , Majima Yoshimasa , Mercier Hugo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe negativity bias favours the cultural diffusion of negative beliefs, yet many common (mis)beliefs—naturopathy works, there's a heaven—are positive. Why? People might share ‘happy thoughts’—beliefs that might make others happy—to display their kindness. Five experiments conducted among Japanese and English‐speaking participants (N = 2412) show that: (i) people higher on communion are more likely to believe and share happier beliefs, by contrast with people higher in competence and dominance; (ii) when they want to appear nice and kind, rather than competent and dominant, people avoid sharing sad beliefs, and instead prefer sharing happy beliefs; (iii) sharing happier beliefs instead of sad beliefs leads to being perceived as nicer and kinder; and (iv) sharing happy beliefs instead of sad beliefs fleads to being perceived as less dominant. Happy beliefs could spread, despite a general negativity bias, because they allow their senders to signal kindness.
Re‐defining 18F‐DCFPyl prostate‐specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography detected local recurrence from radical prostatectomy histopathology
Authors: Tissot Sophie , Wynn Jessica , Tran Vy , Farag Matthew , Wong Lih‐Ming , Ng Michael 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveTo assess topographic concordance between the histopathological features of patients’ radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens and the location of the prostate‐specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA PET) local recurrences, qualitatively and quantitatively.Patients and MethodsOur cohort was selected from the 100 men who received a 18F‐DCFPyL PET scan in the IMPPORT trial (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Number: ACTRN12618001530213), a prospective non‐randomised study completed by GenesisCare Victoria. Eligibility included patients with a rising prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level (>0.2 ng/mL) after RP and PSMA PET detected local recurrence. Histopathological parameters collated included the location of tumour, extraprostatic extension (EPE), and positive margins. Criteria for the location and ‘concordance’ between histopathological features and local recurrences were pre‐defined.ResultsA total of 24 patients were eligible; the median age was 71 years, the median PSA level was 0.37 ng/mL, and the time between RP and PSMA PET was 2.6 years. In all, 15 patients had recurrences within the vesicourethral anastomotic region and nine within the lateral surgical margins. There was 100% concordance in the left–right plane between tumour location and local recurrence, with 79% of these lesions concordant three‐dimensionally; across craniocaudal, left–right, and anterior–posterior planes. In all, 10 of the 16 (63%) patients with EPE and five of the nine patients with positive margins had three‐dimensional concordance between their pathology and their local recurrence. In quantitative assessment, 17 of the 24 patients, had local recurrences that correlated with the location of their original tumour in the craniocaudal plane.ConclusionLocal recurrence is highly concordant with the position of the tumour within the prostate. Predicting the location of local recurrence using the location of the EPE and positive margins is less helpful. Further investigation into this field, could impact surgical technique and salvage radiotherapy clinical target volume.
Dynamiques hydrogéomorphologiques historiques et actuelles d'une rivière perturbée par les activités de la drave et analyse des impacts d'un démantèlement de barrage
Authors: Bouchard Marianne , Boivin Maxime 
Published: May 2023

RésuméAu Québec, la dynamique fluviale de la rivière des Escoumins a été perturbée par l'industrie forestière pendant plus d'un siècle. Un barrage a notamment été construit près de l'embouchure en 1846, puis démantelé en 2013. Ces perturbations ont entraîné des répercussions importantes sur l'équilibre du cours d'eau et sur l'habitat du saumon atlantique. Cette étude propose donc de caractériser la dynamique fluviale de la rivière des Escoumins et d'analyser les impacts du démantèlement du barrage dans une perspective de restauration des processus hydrogéomorphologiques et d'amélioration de l'habitat du saumon atlantique. Les résultats suggèrent que la trajectoire de la rivière a évolué différemment en fonction du style fluvial et de la composition granulométrique de chacun de ses segments homogènes. Toutefois, ce sont les activités de la drave et le démantèlement du barrage qui semblent avoir été les facteurs de contrôle les plus importants sur l'évolution de la trajectoire du cours d'eau. Le démantèlement a notamment permis la restauration de processus hydrogéomorphologiques et la libre circulation des salmonidés. Une meilleure procédure entourant le démantèlement des barrages et leur suivi devrait donc être mise en place au Canada afin de favoriser cette pratique.
Getting the bugs out of AI: Advancing ecological research on arthropods through computer vision
Authors: Schneider Stefan , Taylor Graham W. , Kremer Stefan C. , Fryxell John M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDeep learning for computer vision has shown promising results in the field of entomology, however, there still remains untapped potential. Deep learning performance is enabled primarily by large quantities of annotated data which, outside of rare circumstances, are limited in ecological studies. Currently, to utilize deep learning systems, ecologists undergo extensive data collection efforts, or limit their problem to niche tasks. These solutions do not scale to region agnostic models. However, there are solutions that employ data augmentation, simulators, generative models, and self‐supervised learning that can supplement limited labelled data. Here, we highlight the success of deep learning for computer vision within entomology, discuss data collection efforts, provide methodologies for optimizing learning from limited annotations, and conclude with practical guidelines for how to achieve a foundation model for entomology capable of accessible automated ecological monitoring on a global scale.
Physician knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding physical activity restrictions in pediatric hemodialysis patients
Authors: Dandamudi Raja , Twombley Katherine , Flynn Joseph T. , Kakajiwala Aadil , Chand Deepa H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionEpidemiologic studies of physical activity among pediatric hemodialysis (HD) patients are lacking. A sedentary lifestyle in End‐Stage Kidney Disease is associated with a higher cardiovascular mortality risk. In those patients receiving HD, time spent on dialysis and restrictions on physical activity due to access also contribute. No consensus exists regarding physical activity restrictions based on vascular access type.The aim of this study was to describe the patterns of physical activity restrictions imposed by pediatric nephrologists on pediatric HD patients and to understand the basis for these restrictions.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study involving US pediatric nephrologists using an anonymized survey through Pediatric Nephrology Research Consortium. The survey consisted of 19 items, 6 questions detailed physician characteristics with the subsequent 13 addressing physical activity restrictions.FindingsA total of 35 responses (35% response rate) were received. The average years in practice after fellowship was 11.5 years. Significant restrictions were placed on physical activity and water exposure. None of the participants reported accesses damage or loss that was attributed to physical activity and sport participation. Physicians practice is based on their personal experience, standard practice at their HD center, and clinical practices they were taught.DiscussionThere is no consensus among pediatric nephrologists about allowable physical activity in children receiving HD. Due to the lack of objective data, individual physician beliefs have been utilized to restrict activities in the absence of any deleterious effects to accesses. This survey clearly demonstrates the need for more prospective and detailed studies to develop guidelines regarding physical activity and dialysis access in order to optimize quality of care in these children.
Effect of guided tissue regeneration on the success of surgical endodontic treatment of teeth withendodontic‐periodontallesions: A systematic review
Authors: Rosen Eyal , Tsesis Igor , Kavalerchik Eitan , Salem Rahaf , Kahn Adrian , Del Fabbro Massimo , Taschieri Silvio , Corbella Stefano 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundEndodontic‐periodontal lesions may need surgical approach and the application of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) to be treated by a combined approach.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of GTR on the success (clinical and radiological healing) of teeth with endodontic‐periodontal lesions treated by modern surgical endodontic treatment, by means of a systematic review of the literature.MethodsAn exhaustive electronic (Medline, Embase and Scopus searched from inception to August 2020) and manual literature search combined with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria was undertaken to identify any clinical (prospective case series or comparative trials) studies that assessed the added benefit of GTR in modern surgical endodontic treatment of teeth with endodontic‐periodontal lesions. The success of the treatment was assessed based on radiographic healing and clinical evaluations. The risk of bias of the identified studies was evaluated using the Cochrane's collaboration RoB 2.0 tool and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools.ResultsA systematic literature search for eligible reports retrieved three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and one prospective single arm study with a total of 125 teeth in 125 subjects. One of the RCTs has a low risk of bias, while the other two raised some concerns, using the RoB 2.0 tool. Due to the heterogeneity of the results, it was not possible to perform a comparative meta‐analysis and the results are presented in a narrative manner and by calculating pooled outcomes. Pooling together the data from all the included studies, the reported outcome was of complete healing in 58.4% of all cases, of scar tissue formation/incomplete healing in 24% of cases, of uncertain healing in 12.8% of cases, and of failure in 4.8% of all analysed teeth, with a follow‐up ranging from 12 to 60 months.DiscussionThe scientific evidence about the use of GTR in modern surgical endodontic treatment of endodontic‐periodontal lesion is sparse, and the available results are derived from very heterogeneous studies, thus not permitting to clarify which is the most effective treatment option in these cases.ConclusionsThere is an absence of studies comparing GTR versus no GTR.RegistrationThe protocol for this review was registered in the PROSPERO database with the registration ID number CRD42022300470.
Epidemiology and survival analysis of Merkel cell carcinoma in South Korea: a nationwide, multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Choi Jee Woong , Kim Yul Hee , Mun Je‐Ho , Jo Seong Jin , Roh Mi Ryung , Chung Kee Yang , Yun Sook Jung , Lee Jee‐Bum , Yun Seok‐Kweon , Kim Min Sung , Kim Hee Joo , Kim Kwang Ho , Kim Il‐Hwan , Park Ji‐Hye , Li Kapsok , Kim You Chan ,   the Korean Society of Skin Cancer (KSSC)
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive skin cancer, of which most research has been conducted in Caucasians. Therefore, the clinicopathological features and prognosis of Merkel cell carcinoma in Asians are still scarce. The aim of this study is to investigate the epidemiology and survival of MCC in South Korea and provide representative information regarding MCC in Asia.MethodsThis was a retrospective, nationwide, multicenter study conducted in 12 centers across South Korea. Patients with pathologically proven MCC were included in the study. The clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes of the patients were investigated. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and independent prognostic factors were identified using Cox regression analysis.ResultsA total of 161 patients with MCC were evaluated. The mean age was 71 years with a female predominance. OS was significantly different among the stages. Among clinicopathological features, multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that only the stage at diagnosis was associated with poorer overall survival.ConclusionsThe results of our study suggest that the incidence of MCC was higher in females than in males and that there was a higher rate of local disease at the time of diagnosis. Among the variable clinicopathological features, disease stage at diagnosis was the only significant prognostic factor for MCC in South Korea. The findings of this nationwide, multicenter study suggest that MCC has distinct features in South Korea compared with other countries.
Topical brimonidine for the management of facial erythema in rosacea: a histological, histometric, and immunohistochemical study
Authors: El‐Domyati Moetaz , Rezk Ahmed F. , Nasif Ghada , Abdelhameed Samah S. , Medhat Walid 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundFacial erythema in rosacea is a troublesome embarrassing presentation with limited options of treatment. Daily brimonidine gel was shown to be an effective modality of treatment. Being unavailable in Egypt and the scarcity of objective evaluation of its therapeutic effect motivated the search for other alternatives.ObjectiveTo evaluate the use and effectiveness of topical brimonidine eye drops for the management of facial erythema in rosacea with the aid of objective assessment.MethodsThe study was conducted on 10 rosacea patients presented with facial erythema. Brimonidine tartrate eye drops 0.2% were applied twice daily for 3 months on areas of red facial skin. Punch biopsies were obtained before and after 3 months of treatment. Routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining as well as CD34 immunohistochemical staining were performed for all biopsies. Sections were examined to detect the changes in the count and the surface area of blood vessels.ResultsEvaluation of clinical results showed good improvement of facial redness at the end of treatment (55–75%). Only 10% of subjects expressed rebound erythema. H&E and CD34 stained sections showed an increased count of dilated dermal blood vessels, which decreased significantly after treatment in count and surface area (P = 0.005, and P = 0.004, respectively).ConclusionTopical brimonidine eye drops proved to be effective in managing facial erythema in rosacea, providing an available and cheaper alternative to brimonidine gel. The study improved the subjective evaluation in the context of objective assessment of treatment efficacy.
Successful live birth following a short course of glucocorticoid suppression in a patient with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 and premature ovarian insufficiency: A case report
Authors: Bradbury Rachel , McLean Mark , Smith Howard 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA 32‐year‐old nulliparous woman with premature ovarian insufficiency POI and autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 (APS‐2), presented to our fertility center with a 2.5‐year history of amenorrhoea. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH), with high dose gonadotropins, failed to promote antral follicle growth. The patient was given a short, 4‐week course of 2 mg dexamethasone prior to a repeat COH cycle, which resulted in the retrieval of good oocyte numbers and eventual live birth from a thawed embryo transfer.