bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of aging and long‐term physical activity on mitochondrial physiology and redox state of the cortex and cerebellum of female rats
Authors: Mesquita Paulo H. C. , Osburn Shelby C. , Godwin Joshua S. , Roberts Michael D. , Kavazis Andreas N. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe investigated the effects of aging and long‐term physical activity on markers of mitochondrial function and dynamics in the cortex and cerebellum of female rats. Additionally, we interrogated markers of oxidative damage and antioxidants. Thirty‐four female Lewis rats were separated into three groups. A young group (YNG, n = 10) was euthanized at 6 months of age. Two other groups were aged to 15 months and included a physical activity group (MA‐PA, n = 12) and a sedentary group (MA‐SED, n = 12). There were no age effects for any of the variables investigated, except for SOD2 protein levels in the cortex (+6.5%, p = 0.012). Long‐term physical activity increased mitochondrial complex IV activity in the cortex compared to YNG (+85%, p = 0.016) and MA‐SED (+82%, p = 0.023) and decreased carbonyl levels in the cortex compared to YNG (−12.49%, p = 0.034). Our results suggest that the mitochondrial network and redox state of the brain of females may be more resilient to the aging process than initially thought. Further, voluntary wheel running had minimal beneficial effects on brain markers of oxidative damage and mitochondrial physiology.
Reinforcement placement on mechanics and deformation of stepped reinforced retaining wall experimental study of characteristics
Authors: Zhu Yalin , Chen Renyi , Wu Liming , Xu Qian , Zhan Zijian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Three sets of indoor model tests of reinforced retaining walls were conducted to study the effects of reinforcing material placement on the displacement of reinforced retaining walls, wall top settlement, earth pressure distribution, and potential failure surface. The test results show that under different reinforcement laying conditions, the maximum horizontal displacement of the lower wall panel appears at the top of the lower retaining wall, and the maximum horizontal displacement of the upper wall panel appears at 0.6H. The settlement of the top of the wall decreases by about 9.1% when the reinforcement is laid in the lower layer. Under the condition of 160 kPa, the maximum horizontal and vertical earth pressures increase by about 19.2 and 12.4%, respectively, and the position of the potential fracture surface of the lower wall moves up to the back of the wall with the position of the reinforcement laying. When the reinforcement is laid in the upper layer, the fracture surface of the upper wall is furthest away from the panel.
Abnormal methylation caused by folic acid deficiency in neural tube defects
Authors: Cao Rui , Xie Jun , Zhang Li 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Neural tube closure disorders, including anencephaly, spina bifida, and encephalocele, cause neural tube defects (NTDs). This congenital disability remained not only a major contributor to the prevalence of stillbirths and neonatal deaths but also a significant cause of lifelong physical disability in surviving infants. NTDs are complex diseases caused by multiple etiologies, levels, and mechanisms. Currently, the pathogenesis of NTDs is considered to be associated with both genetic and environmental factors. Here, we aimed to review the research progress on the etiology and mechanism of NTDs induced by methylation modification caused by folic acid deficiency. Folic acid supplementation in the diet is reported to be beneficial in preventing NTDs. Methylation modification is one of the most important epigenetic modifications crucial for brain neurodevelopment. Disturbances in folic acid metabolism and decreased S-adenosylmethionine levels lead to reduced methyl donors and methylation modification disorders. In this review, we summarized the relationship between NTDs, folic acid metabolism, and related methylation of DNA, imprinted genes, cytoskeletal protein, histone, RNA, and non-coding RNA, so as to clarify the role of folic acid and methylation in NTDs and to better understand the various pathogenesis mechanisms of NTDs and the effective prevention.
Limitations of the Yang’s breaking wave force formula and its improvement under a wider range of breaker conditions
Authors: Yang Xing , Cai Kaixi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Some commonly used empirical formulas (e.g., Soviet CHиПII57-75, Ikeno-Tanaka, Führböter-Sparboom, and Stanczak) for estimating plunging breaker wave slamming pressure on sea dike surface do not take into account the comprehensive influence of the wave steepness, slope angle, and breaker height and depth on the loads, and the Yang formula eliminates the drawback. The Yang formula is derived based on an analysis of the impulse in the breaking wave tongue and the kinetic and potential energy in the wave tongue. But the limited range of the Yang formula is 0.5 ≤ ξ ≤ 3.3 and 0.01 ≤ tan α ≤ 0.44; otherwise, its prediction error will greatly increase. In addition, some parameters in the Yang formula need to be optimized. The aim of this project is to revise the Yang formula for improving its performance and making it suitable for a wider range of hydraulic conditions and bottom slope conditions. A constant term in the Yang formula is replaced by the function obtained by analysis, and the calculation method of breaking wave height in the formula is also changed. The resulting formula is of interest because the comparison of the formula with some measurements is done well.
Cultural Differences in the Construction of Gender: A Thematic Analysis of Gender Representations in American, Spanish, and Czech Children’s Literature
Authors: Roberts Lucy , Bačová Karolina , Sendín Tigist Llaudet , Urban Marek 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Children’s literature provides a critical method of socialization and familiarization with gender roles, providing examples, boundaries, and limitations for gender identity construction. While extensive research has been done on how children’s literature depicts both traditional and non-traditional gender roles, very little research has been published on the cultural differences between literary representations. The aim of the present paper is to describe the representations of social roles of men and women in American, Czech, and Spanish children’s books published between 2010 and 2020. Three best-selling children’s picture books from each year from each respective culture were selected and analyzed, culminating in a thematic analysis of ninety-nine books. Using inductive thematic analysis, the study found all three cultures to be conservative in their depictions of gender roles, with Czech books as the most likely to feature traditional gender roles. Spanish books are more, and American books are the most subversive in their depiction of gender roles, containing an increasing number of non-traditional elements over an examined time period.
Modeling and validation of the volume effect on the axial fan transient performance
Authors: Yuchen Dai , Manxiang Song , Donghai Jin , Xingmin Gui , Xiaoheng Liu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Since Professor Greziter first proposed a theoretical model to predict the dynamic behavior of a compression system in 1976, the contribution of the volume effect to compressor flow instabilities has been widely studied, but the role of volume effect on the compressor performance during acceleration and deceleration has not received much attention. Therefore, starting from the Greitzer lumped parameter approach and integrating with real engine simulated components to improve the Greitzer’s model, an engine transient simulation model accounting for the compressor volume effect (referred to as the unsteady model) is developed in this paper. Based on a real turbofan engine, transient examination comprising acceleration and deceleration has been conducted for the validation of the unsteady model. The simulation results show better agreement with the experimental data compared with the transient simulation without considering the compressor volume effect (referred to as the quasi-steady model), which confirms the importance of introducing the compressor volume effect into the engine transient modeling. And the cause of the deviation between unsteady model and quasi-steady model are further explained by the compressor inlet and outlet mass flow curve. The results may further contribute to the development of engine transient model.
Lumateperone Normalizes Pathological Levels of Acute Inflammation through Important Pathways Known to Be Involved in Mood Regulation
Authors: Dutheil Sophie , Watson Luke S. , Davis Robert E. , Snyder Gretchen L. 
Published: December 2022

Lumateperone is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults and for depressive episodes associated with bipolar I or II disorder (bipolar depression) in adults, as monotherapy and as adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate (Calabrese et al., 2021). It is currently under evaluation for the treatment of major depressive disorder (www.ClinicalTrials.gov). Lumateperone acts by selectively modulating serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate neurotransmission in the brain. However, other mechanisms could be involved in the actions of lumateperone, and because of the connection between the immune system and psychiatric health, we hypothesized that lumateperone might improve symptoms of depression, at least in part, by normalizing pathologic inflammation. Here, we show that in male and female C57BL/6 mice subjected to an acute immune challenge, lumateperone reduced aberrantly elevated levels of key proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in both brain and serum; lumateperone also reduced proinflammatory cytokines in male mice under acute behavioral stress. Further, we demonstrate that lumateperone altered key genes/pathways involved in maintaining tissue integrity and supporting blood–brain barrier function, such as claudin-5 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1. In addition, in acutely stressed male Sprague Dawley rats, lumateperone conferred anxiolytic- and antianhedonic-like properties while enhancing activity in the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway in the PFC. Together, our preclinical findings indicate that lumateperone, in addition to its ability to modulate multiple neurotransmitter systems, could also act by reducing the impact of acute inflammatory challenges.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLumateperone is indicated in adults to treat schizophrenia and depressive episodes associated with bipolar I or II disorder, as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate. Because aberrant immune system activity is associated with increased depressive symptoms, the relationship between lumateperone and immune function was studied. Here, lumateperone reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines that were increased following an immune challenge or stress in mice. Additionally, lumateperone altered genes and pathways that maintain blood–brain barrier integrity, restored an index of blood–brain barrier function, reduced anxiety-like behavior in rodents, and enhanced mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway signaling in the PFC. These results highlight the anti-inflammatory actions of lumateperone and describe how lumateperone may reduce immune pathophysiology, which is associated with depressive symptoms.
Estrous Cycle Mediates Midbrain Neuron Excitability Altering Social Behavior upon Stress
Authors: Shanley Mary R. , Miura Yuka , Guevara Christopher A. , Onoichenco Amanda , Kore Rufina , Ustundag Emine , Darwish Rania , Renzoni Lauren , Urbaez Ashley , Blicker Ella , Seidenberg Alec , Milner Teresa A. , Friedman Allyson K. 
Published: December 2022

The estrous cycle is a potent modulator of neuron physiology. In rodents,in vivoventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) activity has been shown to fluctuate across the estrous cycle. Although the behavioral effect of fluctuating sex steroids on the reward circuit is well studied in response to drugs of abuse, few studies have focused on the molecular adaptations in the context of stress and motivated social behaviors. We hypothesized that estradiol fluctuations across the estrous cycle acts on the dopaminergic activity of the VTA to alter excitability and stress response. We used whole-cell slice electrophysiology of VTA DA neurons in naturally cycling, adult female C57BL/6J mice to characterize the effects of the estrous cycle and the role of 17β-estradiol on neuronal activity. We show that the estrous phase alters the effect of 17β-estradiol on excitability in the VTA. Behaviorally, the estrous phase during a series of acute variable social stressors modulates subsequent reward-related behaviors. Pharmacological inhibition of estrogen receptors in the VTA before stress during diestrus mimics the stress susceptibility found during estrus, whereas increased potassium channel activity in the VTA before stress reverses stress susceptibility found during estrus as assessed by social interaction behavior. This study identifies one possible potassium channel mechanism underlying the increased DA activity during estrus and reveals estrogen-dependent changes in neuronal function. Our findings demonstrate that the estrous cycle and estrogen signaling changes the physiology of DA neurons resulting in behavioral differences when the reward circuit is challenged with stress.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe activity of the ventral tegmental area encodes signals of stress and reward. Dopaminergic activity has been found to be regulated by both local synaptic inputs as well as inputs from other brain regions. Here, we provide evidence that cycling sex steroids also play a role in modulating stress sensitivity of dopaminergic reward behavior. Specifically, we reveal a correlation of ionic activity with estrous phase, which influences the behavioral response to stress. These findings shed new light on how estrous cycle may influence dopaminergic activity primarily during times of stress perturbation.
Ізонормальний процес, асоційований з броунівським рухом
Authors: Дороговцев А.А. , Ніщенко І.І. 
Published: December 2022

У статті запропоновано новий метод дослідження властивостей траєкторій стандартного планарного броунівського руху {B (t ); t ≥ 0}. Підхід полягає в тому, що розглядається суперпозиція стаціонарного гаус- сового поля, що не залежить від B, та самого процесу B . Існування локальних часів та часів самоперетину отриманого стаціонарного процесу залежить від збіжності деяких багатовимірних інтегралів уздовж тра- єкторій броунівського руху B .
Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa: An African Inculturation Hermeneutic
Authors: Khosa-Nkatini Hundzukani P. 
Published: December 2022

Christianity in sub-Saharan Africa has always been a focal point for research, with some contending that the preachers brainwashed Africans when they carried the gospel to them since they neglected to learn Africanism. This stays a discussion among the Evangelical Presbyterian Church in South Africa (EPCSA) where the creator of this study is a pastor. It has been stated that when a person becomes a Christian, that individual can never again discuss precursors or converse with predecessors, these terms refer to ancestors It is a transgression, while others say nothing bad can really be said about going to chapel yet rehearsing your African convictions and customs. African religion has faith in predecessors and Christianity has confidence in God. In any case, African religion accepts that God exists yet at the same time wants to get assurance from their ancestors. Some contend that there is nothing out of sorts when individuals practice their African convictions because it is not destructive to them or the following individual. Along these lines, African Religion (AR) instructs that it is critical for one to look for available resources to control or control those outer powers and offices that are more remarkable than human comprehension. This is done through ceremonial practices, mystical recipes, and charms endorsed by strict specialists to the individuals who feel compromised. It is inappropriate to expect that all Africans are something similar and that their customs are something similar or practice for similar reasons. Nonetheless, there are similitudes between African societies. Religion ought to assume a basic part in the redefinition of this peculiarity, as devotees haggle between standard regulations and strict rules. This study will analyse the confirmation that Christianity in the sub-Saharan Africa is a peculiarity and that it ought to lead strict synchronization into new world convictions and strict African practices. African Customs, given the circumstances, include exactly the secret of human reality, our individual, our relations with others and with the world. It contacts that reality that is not to be gotten a handle on and which cannot be verified.
ЕЛЕКТРОМАГНІТНЕ ПОЛЕ ЯК ІНТЕНСИФІКАТОР ПРИ ВТОРИННІЙ ОЧИСЦІ РІПАКОВОЇ ОЛІЇ
Authors: Осадчук Петро Ігорович 
Published: December 2022

Наукові дослідження багатьох лабораторій показали, що для здоров'я людини представляють небезпеку де які окремі компоненти олій і жирів, а також продукти їхнього окислювання і розпаду. Не сам холестерин викликає утворення атеросклеротичних бляшок, а продукти його окислювання, які утворюють складноефірні з'єднання з насиченими жирними кислотами. Похідні окислених холестеринових та інших ліпідних компонентів, що входять до складу нерафінованих олій, також можуть визивати виникнення важких захворювань, наприклад, ішемія та навіть рак. Однак, не завжди самі гідроперекиси небезпечні для здоров'я, а від продуктів їхнього розпаду з утворенням вільних радикалів є реальна загроза здоров'ю людини. Усі види рослинної олії, що використовуються для виробництва продуктів харчування людей повинні пройти глибоке очищення на спеціальному устаткуванні. Це необхідно для видалення з олії низькомолекулярних жирних кислот, альдегідів, кетонів і інших летючих продуктів, що визначають запах і смак продукту, а також виділення з нього небажаних чужорідних з'єднань. Високоякісні рослинні олії можуть бути отримані тільки після ретельного проведення їхнього очищення, яке можна умовно розділити на первинне і наступне, більш глибоке, назване - рафінацією. Системний аналіз енерготехнологій є ефективним інструментом зниження витрат енергії у виробництві та показав, що сучасні технології очищення рослинних олій – це складні системи, які включають ряд операцій. При глибокому очищені рослинних олій, використання хімічних реагентів та каталізаторів поліпшує якість олій та інтенсифікує процес. Однак при їх використанні виникає потреба у додаткових матеріальних витратах, оскільки ці компоненти мають постійно оновлюватись. У зв’язку з цим проведено дослідження процесу гідратації ріпакової олії застосовуючи електромагнітну обробку, з метою інтенсифікації видалення супутніх речовин, зниження енерговитрат та поліпшення якості продукції.
Current Vectors of Local Self-Government Development in Line with the People’ s Responsible Delegation of Power
Authors: Golovin A. G. 
Published: December 2022

In the context of the constitutional and legal concept of responsible delegation of power by the people developed by the author, the paper examines a number of theoretical and practical issues relevant to the current stage of development of the local level of the uniform system of public power in Russia. The author highlights the following provisions focused on their practical implementation:1) In the nearest future, it is possible to consider the development of new conceptual documents initiated by the Russian Federation and containing international standards in the field of organization and implementation of local self-government based on the original Russian experience. This can contribute to the entry of our country into the position of international leadership in the field of establishing appropriate legal standards;2) Strategic turn from local self-government focusing mainly on issues of local importance and local tasks to their organic integration into a single, effectively working mechanism implemented to achieve national development goals throughout the country and promoting national interests seems to be timely, relevant and significant in the doctrinal and normative contexts;3) A modern strategy for the development of local self-government should include a wide range of provisions involving reliance on local communities cohesion and consolidation of their efforts for responsible participation in solving local and national tasks; in this vein, an understanding of the category «local community» should develop;4) Systemic development of the personnel potential of the municipal service is particularly relevant, including incentive mechanisms that facilitate recruitment of qualified personnel to local self-government bodies.The author makes a number of specific proposals corresponding to the vectors under consideration.
Effectiveness of corporate mergers and acquisitions in developed and emerging countries
Authors: Kucharski Adam , Marszałek Jakub 
Published: December 2022

The aim of the article is to compare the effects of mergers and acquisitions carried out by entities from developed and emerging countries. The article covers consolidation transactions completed between 2000 and 2018, exclusively by listed automotive companies. 764 consolidation transactions extracted from the Thomson Reuters Eikon database were observed, for which an efficiency measurement method based on the relationship of the share price to the stock market index was adopted. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and statistical inference methods. A comparison of the efficiency of M&As completed in developed and emerging countries showed no significant differences in a statistical sense. This means that the macroeconomic conditions of the country from which the company originates have no significant impact on the chances of success of the consolidation implemented by the company. Companies from emerging countries were found to be more profitable, with higher liquidity and were less indebted. On the other hand, entities from developed countries had better operating efficiency ratios, suggesting that they achieved higher margins. The study thus also contradicts the thesis that cost position is important for the efficiency of entities, especially in emerging countries. In the context of the results of the comparison between the two groups of companies, it is reasonable to assume that the determinants of consolidation success are microeconomic in nature and are independent of the country in which the transaction takes place.