bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing vertebrate pest Sambar Deer at low abundance in mountains
Authors: Pulsford Stephanie , Roberts Louisa , Elford Mark 
Published: January 2023

SummaryInvasive species such as vertebrate herbivores cause threats to native ecosystems through causing changes to vegetation composition and structure, competition, ecosystem engineering, impacts on soil, and through spreading disease. In the mountainous country of Australia, Sambar Deer (Rusa unicolor) are becoming an increasing threat to fragile and endangered ecosystems, which are also facing other significant threats such as climate change. Methods for ameliorating these impacts are currently limited to lethal control programmes through shooting or fencing key areas. Fencing is not a viable option for large areas and can have large logistical costs as well as negative ecological outcomes. This study aimed to compare two shooting methods (ground shooting vs thermally assisted aerial culling with thermal image operator) for controlling sambar at low densities in a mountainous area. This programme was the first to use this specific thermal technique for deer in mountainous country in Australia. We found that thermally assisted aerial culling was more effective for removing Sambar than ground shooting. Thermally assisted aerial culling removed more Sambar in total, shot more animals per hour, covered a larger search area, was cheaper per hectare covered, and had very high “seen”, “targeted”, and “shot” ratios. Ground shooting sessions were lower in cost overall, but the cost per hectare was higher and rate of Sambar shot was lower than that of thermally assisted aerial culling. Ground shooting did remove more Sambar per hectare as ground shooting focuses on a smaller area, but this advantage is outweighed by the fact that thermally assisted shooting also allowed the concurrent removal of Feral Pigs. This work indicates that thermally assisted aerial culling is the preferred method for effective management of Sambar in an alpine environment. Ground shooting may be beneficial when Sambar are concentrated in key areas or to complement initial knock down by thermally assisted aerial culling.
The effects of influencer type, regulatory focus, and perceived authenticity on consumers' purchase intention
Authors: Ren Linan , Lee Seok Kee , Chun Sungyong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCompanies often use influencers to promote their products, and many celebrities have expanded their activities on social media as influencers. In this work, we classified influencers into celebrity and noncelebrity groups and analyzed how they affect consumers' purchase intention. We also analyzed how psychological variables, such as regulatory focus and perceived authenticity affect this process. We conducted three studies with consumers in China, South Korea, and the United States who participated in each between‐subjects experiment. The results showed that people have higher purchase intention for products recommended by noncelebrity influencers than those recommended by celebrity influencers. We also found that regulatory focus moderates the relationship between the influencer type and consumers' purchase intention. Purchase intention for products recommended by noncelebrity influencers were stronger among prevention‐focused consumers. However, no significant difference in the effect of influencer type was found among promotion‐focused consumers. We found that perceived authenticity mediated this moderating effect. The results of this study provide effective marketing strategies and implications for companies when they use influencers as a tool for marketing activities.
The effect of temperature and dietary energy content on female maturation and egg nutritional content in Atlantic salmon
Authors: Maamela Katja S. , Åsheim Eirik R. , Debes Paul V. , House Andrew H. , Erkinaro Jaakko , Liljeström Petra , Primmer Craig R. , Mobley Kenyon B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe environment experienced by a female influences reproductive traits in many species of fish. Environmental factors such as temperature and diet are not only important mediators of female maturation and reproduction but also of egg traits and offspring fitness through maternal provisioning. In this study, we use 3‐year‐old tank‐reared Atlantic salmon from two Finnish populations to investigate the effect of temperature and diet on maturation and egg traits. We show that a temperature difference of 2°C is sufficient to delay maturation in female Atlantic salmon whereas a 22% reduction in dietary energy content had no effect on maturation. Diet did not influence the body size, condition or fecundity of the mature females or the size or protein content of the eggs. However, a higher energy diet increased egg lipid content. Neither female body size nor condition were associated with egg size or fat/protein composition. Our results indicate that female salmon that have a poorer diet in terms of energy content may have a reproductive disadvantage due to the lower energy provisioning of eggs. This disadvantage has the potential to translate into fitness consequences for their offspring.
Strains in the implant collars supporting a cantilevered cross‐arch bar prosthesis. An in vitro study
Authors: Baaj Rakan , Khalili Maryam , Luke Allyn , Weiner Saul 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeTo examine the strains in the collar area of implants supporting a cantilevered cross‐arch bar prosthesis during vertical load application.Materials and methodsA milled cross‐arch metal framework supported by four implants in a trapezoidal design was supported in polymethylmethacrylate. T‐strain gage rosettes were attached to the crestal areas of the implants with two grids, one recording circumference strain of the crestal area of the implant and the second recording vertical strain, torquing strains of the implant. The framework was subject to vertical loading from an MTS 810 mechanical system. Loading sites were directly on anterior and posterior implants, and on a cantilever at 7.5, 15, 22.5, and 30 mm (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 of the anterior–posterior spread) distal from the posterior implant on the right side. The anterior–posterior (A–P) spread from anterior to posterior implants was 15 mm. Sites were loaded individually with 50 and 100 N. The data from the rosettes were transferred to a desktop computer and processed using StrainSmart 5000 software.ResultsMeans and standard deviations were calculated for the 10 trials at each of the loading sites. Two‐way ANOVAs were done separately for each dependent variable, the vertical grid, and the circumferential grid. The independent variables were the load magnitude and the load site. Tukey's test was used to compare groups post hoc. When directly loading the implants, loading the anterior implant resulted initially in compression followed by increasing tensile strain with 100 N loads. Loading the implant adjacent to cantilever (the posterior implant) resulted in greater strain at the collar than that observed with anterior implant with minimal bending strains. When loading the cantilever, anterior implant showed increasing bending strain at greater cantilever length, whereas the circumferential strains were greater for the supporting implant adjacent to the cantilever, particularly at 100 N loads, p ≤ 0.001.ConclusionsLimiting cantilever lengths to A–P spread ratios of 0.5 are preferred. Ratios greater than 1.0 should be avoided as flexing of the collar may occur. The dimensions of the implant, particularly wall thickness, adjacent to the cantilever should be carefully considered when planning the cantilevered implant‐supported prosthesis.
The influence of sexual activity on sleep: A diary study
Authors: Oesterling Carlotta Florentine , Borg Charmaine , Juhola Elina , Lancel Marike 
Published: January 2023

SummaryAiming to promote overall health and well‐being through sleep, the present studies examine to what extent sexual activity serves as a behavioural mechanism to improve sleep. The relation between sexual activity, i.e., partnered sex and masturbation with or without orgasm, and subjective sleep latency and sleep quality is examined by means of a cross‐sectional and a longitudinal (diary) study. Two hundred fifty‐six male and female participants, mainly students, completed a pre‐test set of questionnaires and, thereafter, a diary during 14 consecutive days. The cross‐sectional study was analysed using analysis of covariance and demonstrated that both men and women perceive partnered sex and masturbation with orgasm to improve sleep latency and sleep quality, while sexual activity without orgasm is perceived to exert negative effects on these sleep parameters, most strongly by men. Accounting for the repeated measurements being nested within participants, the diary data were analysed using multilevel linear modelling (MLM). Separate models for subjective sleep latency and sleep quality were constructed, which included 2076 cases at level 1, nested within 159 participants at level 2. The analyses revealed that only partnered sex with orgasm was associated with a significantly reduced sleep latency (b = −0.08, p < 0.002) and increased sleep quality (b = 0.19, p < 0.046). Sexual activity without orgasm and masturbation with and without orgasm were not associated with changes in sleep. Further, no gender differences emerged. The present studies confirm and significantly substantiate findings indicating that sexual activity and intimacy may improve sleep and overall well‐being in both men and women and serve as a directive for future research.
Graduates' preparedness for the changing doctor‐patient relationship: A qualitative study
Authors: Brennan Nicola , Langdon Nicola , Keates Natasha , Mattick Karen , Gale Thomas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundA positive doctor‐patient relationship is a crucial part of high‐quality patient care. There is a general perception that it has been changing in recent years; however, there is a lack of evidence for this. Adapting to the changing doctor‐patient relationship has been identified as an important skill doctors of the future must possess. This study explores (1) multiple stakeholder perspectives on how the doctor‐patient relationship is changing and (2) in what ways medical graduates are prepared for working in this changing doctor‐patient relationship.MethodsWe conducted a national qualitative study involving semi‐structured interviews with multiple stakeholders across the United Kingdom. Interviews lasting 45–60 minutes were conducted with 67 stakeholders including doctors in the first 2 years of practice (ECD's), patient representatives, supervisors, deans, medical educators and other health care professionals. The interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed, analysed, coded in NVivo and analysed thematically using a Thematic Framework Analysis approach.ResultsThe main ways the doctor‐patient relationship was perceived to be changing related to increased shared decision making and patients having increasing access to information. Communication, patient‐centred care and fostering empowerment, were the skills identified as being crucial for preparedness to work in the changing doctor‐patient relationship. Graduates were reported to be typically well‐prepared for the preconditions (communication and delivering patient‐centred care) of patient empowerment, but that more work is needed to achieve true patient empowerment.ConclusionThis study offers a conceptual advance by identifying how the doctor‐patient relationship is changing particularly around the ‘patient‐as‐knowledge‐source’ dimension. On the whole ECD's are well‐prepared for working in the changing doctor‐patient relationship with the exception of patient empowerment skills. Further research is now needed to provide an in‐depth understanding of patient empowerment that is shared among key stakeholders (particularly the patient perspective) and to underpin the design of educational interventions appropriate to career stage.
Evaluation of the accuracy of fully automatic cephalometric analysis software with artificial intelligence algorithm
Authors: Duran Gökhan Serhat , Gökmen Şule , Topsakal Kübra Gülnur , Görgülü Serkan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to evaluate whether fully automatic cephalometric analysis software with artificial intelligence algorithms is as accurate as non‐automated cephalometric analysis software for clinical diagnosis and research.Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective archive study using lateral cephalometric radiographs taken from individuals aged 12‐20 years. Cephalometric measurement data were obtained from these lateral cephalometric radiographs by manual landmark marking with non‐automated computer software (Dolphin 11.8). Again, the same radiographs were made using fully automatic digital cephalometric analysis software OrthoDx™ (AI‐Powered Orthodontic Imaging System, Phimentum) and WebCeph (Assemblecircle, Seoul, Korea) with artificial intelligence algorithm, without manual intervention of the researcher and fully automatic markings and measurements were made by the software.ResultsAccording to the consistency test, a statistically significant good level of consistency was found between Dolphin and OrthoDx™ measurements and Dolphin and WebCeph measurements in angular measurements (ICC > 0.75, P < .01, ICC > 0.75, P < 0, respectively. 01). A weak level of consistency was found in linear measurement and soft tissue parameters in both software (ICC < 0.50, P < .05, ICC < 0.50, P < .05), and the difference between measurements was statistically found to be different from “0.”ConclusionThe results obtained from fully automatic cephalometric analysis software with artificial intelligence algorithms are similar to the results of non‐automated cephalometric analysis software, although there are differences in some parameters. To minimize the margin of error in artificial intelligence‐based fully automatic cephalometric software, the manual intervention of the observer is needed.
The etiology, clinical features, and treatment options of hemifacial microsomia
Authors: Luo Songyuan , Sun Hao , Bian Qian , Liu Zhixu , Wang Xudong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe second most frequent craniomaxillofacial congenital deformity is hemifacial microsomia (HFM). Patients often accompany short mandible, ear dysplasia, facial nerve, and soft tissue dysplasia. The etiology of HFM is not fully understood. To organize the possible up‐to‐date information on the etiology, craniofacial phenotypes, and therapeutic alternatives in order to fully comprehend the HFM. Reviewing the potential causes, exploring the clinical features of HFM and summarizing the available treatment options. Vascular malformation, Meckel's cartilage abnormalities, and cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) abnormalities are three potential etiology hypotheses. The commonly used clinical classification for HFM is OMENS, OMENS‐plus, and SAT. Other craniofacial anomalies, like dental defects, and zygomatic deformities, are still not precisely documented in the classification. Patients with moderate phenotypes may not need any treatment from infancy through adulthood. However, patients with severe HFM require to undergo multiple surgeries to address facial asymmetries, such as mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO), autologous costochondral rib graft (CCG), orthodontic and orthognathic treatment, and facial soft tissue reconstruction. It is anticipated that etiology research will examine the pathogenic mechanism of HFM. A precise treatment for HFM may be possible with thoroughly documented phenotypes and a pathogenic diagnosis.
Arthroscopy Confers Excellent Clinical Outcomes in Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome (FAIS) Patients Aged 50 Years and Above
Authors: Yang Fan , Shi Yuanyuan , Zhang Zhu , Zhang Xin , Huang Hongjie , Ju Xiaodong , Wang Jianquan 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveHip preservation surgery has expanded to include treatment of hip pathology in elderly patients. Most data on efficacy of arthroscopy treatment in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) has been generated from Western populations, while studies in the older Asian FAIS population are lacking. Here, we report efficacy of hip arthroscopy for treatment of Asian patients aged 50 years and above.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed data from 775 hips that were treated arthroscopically for FAIS between 2016 and 2019. Patients with a history of hip surgery, contralateral surgery during the follow‐up period, lateral center‐edge angle (LCEA) <25°, Tӧnnis grade ≥2, and incomplete records were excluded. Patient‐reported outcomes (PROs), such as modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Hip Outcome Score‐Activities of Daily Living (HOS‐ADL), International Hip Outcome Tool 12‐component form (iHOT‐12), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were compared pre‐ and post‐operation. We also recorded radiographic measures, intraoperative findings, procedures, complications, and subsequent surgical revisions. Finally, we correlated demographics with PRO improvement among the study group.ResultsA total of 57 hips met the inclusion and exclusion requirements and were therefore included in the final analysis. After the follow‐up period (3.3 years), most patients exhibited significantly higher PROs than preoperative values, HOS‐ADL (65.0–81.7), iHOT‐12 (44.3–69.1), mHHS (58.9–81.7), and VAS (5.8–2.2; all p < 0.001). Shorter symptom duration was significantly correlated with improved HOS‐ADL (p = 0.015), and mHHS score (p = 0.022). The overall rate of complications and rate of revisions were 5.3% and 7.0%, respectively, and none of the patients required total hip arthroplasty (THA).ConclusionsArthroscopic surgery confers significant clinical outcomes in most FAIS patients in the Asian population who are aged 50 years and above. These benefits are accompanied by either a low revision rate or conversion to THA, while shorter symptom duration is positively correlated with improved HOS‐ADL and mHHS scores.
Policy conflicts in shale development in China and the United States
Authors: Bailey Kathleen S. , Yi Hongtao , Heikkila Tanya , Weible Christopher M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPolicy conflicts are ubiquitous in many countries. Yet research on policy conflict is typically based on cases in western, democratic countries. As a result, little is known about the characteristics of policy conflicts in non‐western countries, such as China, or how these characteristics compare to western contexts. The Policy Conflict Framework (PCF) was recently developed to help scholars identify, diagnose, and compare policy conflict characteristics. This research uses the PCF to guide a comparative analysis of the nature of policy conflicts in China and the United States. With interview data on policy actors from Chongqing, China and Colorado, USA, we present the findings by comparing the differences and similarities of policy conflicts in the two countries around shale oil and gas development. We conclude with the strengths and limitations of this comparative study of policy conflicts in China and other national contexts, along with recommendations for conducting PCF research in China.
The limits of imperial incorporation: Alternative sociological frameworks to study Asian American subjects
Authors: Kaur Harleen , Tran Victoria 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper argues existing scholarship on Asian American communities is limited by an assumption that incorporation into the US can productively address racial and economic precarity. As an alternative, we offer “Extinguishing Asian (American) Insurgency”, a theoretical framework that incorporates histories of colonialism, imperialism, and postcolonial politics of incorporation into contemporary sociological analyses of Asian subject formation. Applying Du Boisian sociology alongside Frantz Fanon and Joy James, the framework adopts a global, relational analysis of Asian Americans and the US state. We demonstrate the framework's utility through two case studies: anti‐colonial Sikh diasporic politics through the Gadar Party and US state efforts to tie diasporic South Vietnamese identity to an anti‐communist politic. As such, we encourage the study of alternative possibilities of Asian subject formation that are extinguished by state incorporation, particularly through imperialism and military serivce. Specifically, we address sociologists who extinguish the insurgent Asian American subject in their scholarship by assuming incorporation and pro‐state politics as a natural end goal of migration, or those who simply do not name the US as the institutional force extinguishing possibilities of Asian Americans' insurgency.
Prevalence of parvovirus B19 antibodies in pregnant women in northern Benin
Authors: De Paschale Massimo , Ceriani Cristina , Cerulli Teresa , Cagnin Debora , Cavallari Serena , Zaongo Dieudonné , Diombo Kouma , Priuli Gianbattista , Viganò Paolo , Finazzi Sergio , Clerici Pierangelo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesParvovirus B19 (B19V) infection in pregnancy is generally asymptomatic, but in about 3% it can cause complications, including miscarriage, severe foetal anaemia and foetal hydrops. The seroprevalence in pregnancy ranges from 20% to 82% in Africa, but there are no data for Benin. We therefore retrospectively assessed the seroprevalence of B19V in pregnant women attending the Saint Jean de Dieu Hospital in Tanguiéta, a rural district of Atacora, in northern Benin.MethodsWe searched for anti‐B19V immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in 227 sequential sera from as many women (mean age 26.3 years, range: 16–41) of whom 30 were in the first trimester, 66 in the second and 131 in the third. Samples that tested positive for IgM were analysed with an immunoblot test and the viral genome (DNA‐B19V) was searched for using a polymerase chain reaction.ResultsOf the 227 women, 153 (67.4%) were positive for IgG anti‐B19V, 7 (3.1%) for IgM and 73 (32.2%) were non‐immune. Six IgM‐positive women were also IgG positive. The difference in IgG seroprevalence between trimesters or ages was not statistically significant. Of the seven IgM‐positive samples, three were confirmed positive by immunoblot (of which two were DNA‐B19V positive), three were indeterminate (DNA‐B19V negative) and one was negative (DNA‐B19V negative). Of the three women with confirmed positive IgM, two were in the third trimester and one in the second trimester of pregnancy.ConclusionsThe seroprevalence of anti‐B19V IgG among pregnant women in Benin is high and in line with those reported in some African countries. IgM seroprevalence is also similar to that described in some African countries in non‐epidemic periods. The low viral load observed depicts non‐acute infections, but it is difficult to establish the precise time of the infection, especially for women tested in the second or third trimester of pregnancy, when the observed viremia could be a sign of an acute infection that occurred in the previous trimester. Consequently, clinical follow‐up and further investigations to highlight possible foetal consequences are indicated.