bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soft Crystal Chemiluminescence Systems Using Organic Peroxides
Authors: Hirano Takashi , Matsuhashi Chihiro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChemiluminescence (CL) is a phenomenon in which a chemical reaction produces an excited-state product that emits light. Taking advantage of this property, several analytical methods to study the CL reactions by photon detection have been developed in the literature. By applying this methodology to molecular crystals, soft crystal CL systems have been constructed to analyze the intracrystalline reactions of chemiluminescent compounds. In this chapter, the fundamental concept and applications of CL are presented. Using the example of the CL reactions involving organic peroxides, important characteristics of CL such as chemiexcitation, quantum yield and emission wavelengths are discussed. Furthermore, CL in solid state and in molecular crystals are described. Finally, the application of organic peroxides as a soft crystal CL system and the characteristics of their intracrystalline reactions such as crystal structure-dependencies, reaction kinetics and inductions of phase transitions are elucidated. This chapter concludes with a brief outlook towards the future of soft crystal CL systems.
Boosting asymmetric charged DM via thermalization
Authors: Geller Michael , Heller-Algazi Zamir 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We consider a dark sector scenario with two dark matter species with opposite dark U(1) charges and an asymmetric population comprising some fraction of the dark matter abundance. A new mechanism for boosting dark matter is introduced, arising from the large mass hierarchy between the two particles. In the galaxy, the two species thermalize efficiently through dark Rutherford scattering greatly boosting the lighter dark matter particle, far above the virial and escape velocities in the galaxy, while the dark charge prevents it from escaping. We study the consequences of this scenario for direct-detection experiments, assuming a kinetic mixing between the dark photon and the photon. If the charged dark sector makes up 5% of the total DM mass in our galaxy and the mass ratio is between 103–104, we find that current and future experiments may probe the boosted light dark matter for masses down to 100 keV, in a hitherto unexplored parameter range.
Patient-related effects of primary nursing
Authors: Krüger Lars , Mannebach Thomas , Zittermann Armin , Wefer Franziska , von Dossow Vera , Rojas Hernandez Sebastian , Gummert Jan , Langer Gero 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Since January 2022, a primary nursing system called process-responsible nursing (PP) has substituted the standard room care system in an intensive care unit (ICU) at our institution. The process of the development and implementation of PP is already being evaluated in a separate study as an actual analysis prior to implementation, as well as after 6 and 12 months.

Aim
This pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims to test the feasibility of an RCT. For this purpose, the duration of delirium, among other things, will be compared in the project ICU with the results of standard care in another ICU at the university hospital. As secondary aims, the incidence of delirium, anxiety, the satisfaction of relatives, and the effects of PP on nurses will be assessed.

Methods
It is planned to recruit about 400–500 patients over a period of one year. They will be allocated to PP or standard care. Delirium will be assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Units by specifically trained nurses three times a day. Anxiety in patients, the satisfaction of relatives, and the effects of PP on nurses will be evaluated using the numeric rating scale, a standardized questionnaire, and a focus group interview, respectively.

Expected results
The primary hypothesis is that compared to usual care PP reduces the duration of delirium by at least 8 h. Additional hypotheses are that PP reduces anxiety in patients and increases the satisfaction of relatives.
Field survey and molecular characterization of apicomplexan parasites in small mammals from military camps in Afghanistan
Authors: Schotte Ulrich , Binder Alfred , Goller Katja V. , Faulde Michael , Ruhl Silke , Sauer Sabine , Schlegel Mathias , Teifke Jens P. , Ulrich Rainer G. , Wylezich Claudia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Small mammals are an important reservoir for causative agents of numerous infectious diseases, including zoonotic and vector-borne diseases. The occurrence of these pathogens represents a regional but permanent threat for humans and animals in general and might especially weaken military personnel and companion animals in abroad missions. In our study, small mammals collected in military camps in Afghanistan (Feyzabad, Mazar-e Sharif, and Kunduz) were investigated for the presence of apicomplexans using histopathology and molecular methods. For this purpose, well-established and newly developed real-time PCR assays were applied. A high prevalence was detected not only in house mice (Mus musculus), but also in shrews (Crocidura cf. suaveolens) and grey dwarf hamsters (Cricetulus migratorius). The molecular characterization based on the 18S rRNA gene revealed a close relationship to a cluster of Hepatozoon sp. detected in voles of the genus Microtus. Hepatozoon canis DNA was detected in one house mouse as well as in two Rhipicephalus ticks from a dog puppy. In addition, around 5% of the house mice were found to be infected with far related adeleorinids showing the highest sequence identity of 91.5% to Klossiella equi, the only published Klossiella sequence at present. For their better phylogenetic characterization, we conducted metagenomics by sequencing of two selected samples. The resulting 18S rRNA gene sequences have a length of about 2400 base pairs including an insertion of about 500 base pairs and are 100% identical to each other. Histopathology together with organ tropism and detection rates verified this sequence as of Klossiella muris. In conclusion, we documented naturally occurring protozoan stages and the additional taxonomic characterization of a well-known commensal in mice by applying a combination of different approaches. The study is of medical, social, and biological importance for ensuring human and animal health in military camps and also stresses the required awareness for the potential risk of zoonoses.
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) hot water extract improves inflammation and tight junctions in the intestine in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Park Tae gwon , Kim Yu Rim , Park Soo-yeon , Choi Kwanyong , Kim Kyeong Jin , Kim Ji Yeon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe natural byproduct Cinnamomum cassia was widely used in ancient Asia to cure disease because of its various pharmacological effects. Despite its ethnomedicinal benefits, few studies on the intestinal anti-inflammatory effect of C. cassia have been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of C. cassia on the intestine in vitro and in vivo. Herein, the effects of cinnamon hot water extract (CWE) on tight junction (TJ) barrier function, transepithelial electrical resistance, and mRNA expression were confirmed in Caco-2 cells. The CWE treatment groups showed significantly enhanced cell permeability, proinflammatory cytokine mRNA expression, and TJ expression. CWE-treated mice showed an improved histological index and decreased cytokine concentrations compared with those of colitis model mice. These results suggest that CWE alleviated inflammatory damage and improved the TJ barrier, indicating that CWE may be used as a functional food to improve intestinal health.
Zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) demonstrate cognitive flexibility in using phonology and sequence of syllables in auditory discrimination
Authors: Ning Zhi-Yuan , Honing Henkjan , ten Cate Carel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractZebra finches rely mainly on syllable phonology rather than on syllable sequence when they discriminate between two songs. However, they can also learn to discriminate two strings containing the same set of syllables by their sequence. How learning about the phonological characteristics of syllables and their sequence relate to each other and to the composition of the stimuli is still an open question. We compared whether and how the zebra finches’ relative sensitivity for syllable phonology and syllable sequence depends on the differences between syllable strings. Two groups of zebra finches were trained in a Go-Left/Go-Right task to discriminate either between two strings in which each string contained a unique set of song syllables (‘Different-syllables group’) or two strings in which both strings contained the same set of syllables, but in a different sequential order (‘Same-syllables group’). We assessed to what extent the birds in the two experimental groups attend to the spectral characteristics and the sequence of the syllables by measuring the responses to test strings consisting of spectral modifications or sequence changes. Our results showed no difference in the number of trials needed to discriminate strings consisting of either different or identical sets of syllables. Both experimental groups attended to changes in spectral features in a similar way, but the group for which both training strings consisted of the same set of syllables responded more strongly to changes in sequence than the group for which the training strings consisted of different sets of syllables. This outcome suggests the presence of an additional learning process to learn about syllable sequence when learning about syllable phonology is not sufficient to discriminate two strings. Our study thus demonstrates that the relative importance of syllable phonology and sequence depends on how these features vary among stimuli. This indicates cognitive flexibility in the acoustic features that songbirds might use in their song recognition.
Value of peripheral blood circulating tumor cell detection in the diagnosis of thoracic diseases and the prediction of severity
Authors: Qi Chang , Xiong Xian-Zhi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCirculating tumor cell (CTC) detection, as a noninvasive liquid biopsy method, has been used in the diagnosis, prognostic indication, and monitoring of a variety of cancers. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether CTC detection could be used in the early diagnosis and prediction of severity of thoracic diseases. We enrolled 168 thoracic disease patients, all of whom underwent pathological biopsy. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) measurement was also performed in 146 patients. There were 131 cases of malignant thoracic diseases and 37 cases of benign lesions. We detected CTCs in a 5 ml peripheral blood sample with the CTCBiopsy® system and analyzed the value of CTC count for predicting disease severity. Of 131 patients with a diagnosis of thoracic malignancy, CTCs were found in blood samples from 122 patients. However, only 2 out of 37 patients with benign thoracic disease had no detectable CTCs. There was no significant correlation between CTC count and benign and malignant lesions (P = 0.986). However, among 131 patients who had been diagnosed with malignant lesions, 33 had lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis. The presence of CTCs was significantly correlated with metastasis (P = 0.016 OR = 1.14). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.625 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.519 to 0.730 P = 0.032). In addition, with stage IA1 as the cutoff, all patients were further divided into an early-stage group and a late-stage group. CTC count was significantly correlated with disease progression (P = 0.031 OR = 1.11), with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.599 (95% CI, 0.506–0.692 P = 0.47). The sensitivity and specificity of CTC detection for the diagnosis of disease stage were 72.3% and 45.5%, respectively. In addition, the cutoff of 2.5 CTCs was the same when predicting disease metastasis and staging. Furthermore, the combination of CTC count, demographic characteristics and tumor markers had better predictive significance for disease staging. CTC count can effectively indicate the stages and metastasis of thoracic diseases, but it cannot differentiate benign and malignant diseases.
A data-driven surrogate modeling approach for time-dependent incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with dynamic mode decomposition and manifold interpolation
Authors: Hess Martin W. , Quaini Annalisa , Rozza Gianluigi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis work introduces a novel approach for data-driven model reduction of time-dependent parametric partial differential equations. Using a multi-step procedure consisting of proper orthogonal decomposition, dynamic mode decomposition, and manifold interpolation, the proposed approach allows to accurately recover field solutions from a few large-scale simulations. Numerical experiments for the Rayleigh-Bénard cavity problem show the effectiveness of such multi-step procedure in two parametric regimes, i.e., medium and high Grashof number. The latter regime is particularly challenging as it nears the onset of turbulent and chaotic behavior. A major advantage of the proposed method in the context of time-periodic solutions is the ability to recover frequencies that are not present in the sampled data.
Design and preclinical evaluation of a novel apelin-based PET radiotracer targeting APJ receptor for molecular imaging of angiogenesis
Authors: Louis Béatrice , Nail Vincent , Nachar Oriane , Bouhlel Ahlem , Moyon Anaïs , Balasse Laure , Simoncini Stéphanie , Chabert Adrien , Fernandez Samantha , Brige Pauline , Hache Guillaume , Tintaru Aura , Morgat Clément , Dignat-George Françoise , Garrigue Philippe , Guillet Benjamin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAPJ has been extensively described in the pathophysiology of angiogenesis and cell proliferation. The prognostic value of APJ overexpression in many diseases is now established. This study aimed to design a PET radiotracer that specifically binds to APJ. Apelin-F13A-NODAGA (AP747) was synthesized and radiolabeled with gallium-68 ([68Ga]Ga-AP747). Radiolabeling purity was excellent (> 95%) and stable up to 2 h. Affinity constant of [67Ga]Ga-AP747 was measured on APJ-overexpressing colon adenocarcinoma cells and was in nanomolar range. Specificity of [68Ga]Ga-AP747 for APJ was evaluated in vitro by autoradiography and in vivo by small animal PET/CT in both colon adenocarcinoma mouse model and Matrigel plug mouse model. Dynamic of [68Ga]Ga-AP747 PET/CT biodistributions was realized on healthy mice and pigs for two hours, and quantification of signal in organs showed a suitable pharmacokinetic profile for PET imaging, largely excreted by urinary route. Matrigel mice and hindlimb ischemic mice were submitted to a 21-day longitudinal follow-up with [68Ga]Ga-AP747 and [68Ga]Ga-RGD2 small animal PET/CT. [68Ga]Ga-AP747 PET signal in Matrigel was significantly more intense than that of [68Ga]Ga-RGD2. Revascularization of the ischemic hind limb was followed by LASER Doppler. In the hindlimb, [68Ga]Ga-AP747 PET signal was more than twice higher than that of [68Ga]Ga-RGD2 on day 7, and significantly superior over the 21-day follow-up. A significant, positive correlation was found between the [68Ga]Ga-AP747 PET signal on day 7 and late hindlimb perfusion on day 21. We developed a new PET radiotracer that specifically binds to APJ, [68Ga]Ga-AP747 that showed more efficient imaging properties than the most clinically advanced tracer of angiogenesis, [68Ga]Ga-RGD2.
A New Water-Based 87Sr/86Sr Isoscape Map of Central and NE Germany, with Special Emphasis on Mountainous Regions
Authors: Käßner A. , Kalapurakkal H. T. , Huber B. , Tichomirowa M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, we present a new 87Sr/86Sr isoscape map of Central and NE Germany. This area is characterized by an alternation of sedimentary basins and mountainous regions with a very variable lithology. Since lithology and rock age have a major impact on the isotopic composition of biologically available strontium, Central and NE Germany should reveal highly variable 87Sr/86Sr ratios. From lithological characteristics, particularly high ratios are expected in the mountainous regions of the Erzgebirge/Fichtelgebirge and the Harz Mountains. In contrast to these predictions, published 87Sr/86Sr isoscape maps of Central and NE Germany record rather uniform and low 87Sr/86Sr ratios. From this observation, we suspected that existing isoscape maps might be computed from an insufficient database, with mountainous regions being underrepresented. Our goal was to gather 87Sr/86Sr baselines for each major lithology of Central and NE Germany and to produce an accurate isoscape map of Central and NE Germany. In the first step, we evaluated the suitability of stream water and groundwater as a proxy for biologically available strontium. In a selected watershed, we present mixing relationships and a stream network model. We show that groundwater is prone to very local geologic and anthropogenic influences and should thus be avoided. Instead, we focussed our further sampling on stream water. Altogether, we used 119 new measurements of groundwater and stream water and a set of 23 auxiliary variables as a database for our new isoscape map of Central and NE Germany. Due to a sampling strategy that focussed on covering each major lithology, our measurements and the final isoscape map show a clear contrast between sedimentary basins and mountainous regions. For regions that have been sufficiently sampled, a direct comparison of the isoscape map with published and new data shows good agreement. Although Central and NE Germany were part of published isoscape maps, our new map is the first that predicts 87Sr/86Sr ratios in mountainous regions with high accuracy.
Effects of subpopulation extinction on effective size (Ne) of metapopulations
Authors: Kurland Sara , Ryman Nils , Hössjer Ola , Laikre Linda 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPopulation extinction is ubiquitous in all taxa. Such extirpations can reduce intraspecific diversity, but the extent to which genetic diversity of surviving populations are affected remains largely unclear. A key concept in this context is the effective population size (Ne), which quantifies the rate at which genetic diversity within populations is lost. Ne was developed for single, isolated populations while many natural populations are instead connected to other populations via gene flow. Recent analytical approaches and software permit modelling of Ne of interconnected populations (metapopulations). Here, we apply such tools to investigate how extinction of subpopulations affects Ne of the metapopulation (NeMeta) and of separate surviving subpopulations (NeRx) under different rates and patterns of genetic exchange between subpopulations. We assess extinction effects before and at migration-drift equilibrium. We find that the effect of extinction on NeMeta increases with reduced connectivity, suggesting that stepping stone models of migration are more impacted than island-migration models when the same number of subpopulations are lost. Furthermore, in stepping stone models, after extinction and before a new equilibrium has been reached, NeRx can vary drastically among surviving subpopulations and depends on their initial spatial position relative to extinct ones. Our results demonstrate that extinctions can have far more complex effects on the retention of intraspecific diversity than typically recognized. Metapopulation dynamics need heightened consideration in sustainable management and conservation, e.g., in monitoring genetic diversity, and are relevant to a wide range of species in the ongoing extinction crisis.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Parenting Program to Improve Sibling Relationships
Authors: Pickering John A. , Crane Margaret E. , Hong Jinny , Nickel Ann-Kathrin , Chainey Carys , Sanders Matthew R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough parents of siblings play a crucial role in the development of both the positive and negative aspects of their children’s relationships, relatively few parenting programs specifically target sibling conflict alongside sibling warmth. To bridge this gap, the current study reports the outcomes of a randomized controlled trial evaluating a brief parenting intervention focusing on improving sibling relationships. A total of 74 parents reporting concerns about sibling conflict were randomized to either the Triple P brief discussion group intervention condition (n = 37) or the waitlist control condition (n = 37). Parents were predominately Caucasian, female, from a middle-income background. Parents completed a range of self-report measures examining the quality of the sibling relationship, parenting practices, family functioning, and child emotional and behavioral problems. Across treatment groups, participants showed improvements on almost all measures of sibling conflict, sibling warmth, child emotional and behavioral problems, parenting practices, and parenting confidence. Participants in the treatment group also experienced a greater reduction in the amount of help they wanted to manage sibling warmth, relative to participants in the control group. These results suggest that a low-intensity parenting intervention may only have a small effect on improving sibling relationships. Additional research is needed to determine how to broaden program efficacy for sibling conflict and parental adjustment, for families from diverse levels of income and family composition. Trial registration: ANZCTR 365567.
Comparing Self-Report Assessments and Scenario-Based Assessments of Systems Thinking Competence
Authors: Davis Kirsten A. , Grote Dustin , Mahmoudi Hesam , Perry Logan , Ghaffarzadegan Navid , Grohs Jacob , Hosseinichimeh Niyousha , Knight David B. , Triantis Konstantinos 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSelf-report assessments are used frequently in higher education to assess a variety of constructs, including attitudes, opinions, knowledge, and competence. Systems thinking is an example of one competence often measured using self-report assessments where individuals answer several questions about their perceptions of their own skills, habits, or daily decisions. In this study, we define systems thinking as the ability to see the world as a complex interconnected system where different parts can influence each other, and the interrelationships determine system outcomes. An alternative, less-common, assessment approach is to measure skills directly by providing a scenario about an unstructured problem and evaluating respondents’ judgment or analysis of the scenario (scenario-based assessment). This study explored the relationships between engineering students’ performance on self-report assessments and scenario-based assessments of systems thinking, finding that there were no significant relationships between the two assessment techniques. These results suggest that there may be limitations to using self-report assessments as a method to assess systems thinking and other competencies in educational research and evaluation, which could be addressed by incorporating alternative formats for assessing competence. Future work should explore these findings further and support the development of alternative assessment approaches.