bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Hemicriconemoides rosae (Rathour et al., 2003) from mustard rhizosphere in India
Authors: Sharma Himani , Chaubey Ashok Kumar 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Nematodes belonging to Genus Hemicriconemoides, commonly known as sheathoid nematodes, damaged many fruits, vegetables and cash crops, worldwide. A survey has been conducted in the agricultural fields of Bulandshahr district to find out the plant-parasitic nematodes load.

Results
A total of 85 soil samples were collected from mustard fields of Bulandshahr district of Uttar Pradesh and processed for the presence of plant-parasitic nematodes and they were isolated by ‘Cobb sieving method’. Among all the collected soil samples, one soil sample found to be positive for the genus Hemicriconemoides and docketed as HCN. The earliest identification based on morphology revealed the species to be Hemicriconemoides rosae which was recovered from the mustard field for the first time. The morphology was found to be more consistent with rose population as compared to sugarcane population of the Hemicriconemoides rosae. Further, the Hemicriconemoides rosae was identified on the basis of molecular and phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated matrix. In addition, correlation analysis of the Hemicriconemoides rosae based on morphometric parameters was done. The results revealed the importance of body length and its relation with other morphometric parameters, and they were found significant. Besides this, de Manian index a showed highest correlation with the body length in adult females. In all the studied ratios, a is very important for the evaluation of the females of a specific species of genus Hemicriconemoides. The data from the principal component analysis (PCA) revealed the high intraspecific and interspecific variations between the species of genus Hemicriconemoides. However, less intraspecific variations were present between the rose population and mustard population of H. rosae.

Conclusions
The study revealed the new host, i.e. mustard crops, for H. rosae showing dissimilarity in morphology with the sugarcane population.
Relation of the left ventricular geometric patten to coronary artery disease in hypertensive patients using a 320-detector-row CT scanner
Authors: Ismail Ahmed Shehata Mohamed , Aouf Mohamed Ahmed , Diab Reda Hussein , Baghdady Yasser Kamel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
It was estimated that about 1.3 billion people were diagnosed to be hypertensive in 2015. All countries consistently show this high prevalence. Ischemic heart disease stands as the most common cause of systolic blood pressure-related deaths per year. Left ventricular hypertrophy determined by echocardiography can predict cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The question of whether the LV geometric pattern has an additional prognostic value is still not clearly answered. Currently, coronary computed tomography is widely used in clinical practice with a great capability of simultaneous evaluation of the LV mass and the coronary arterial tree. Our study aims to examine the relationship between LV mass and geometry and coronary artery disease using an ECG-gated 320-detector- row CT scanner.

Results
Two hundred ninety-eight hypertensive Egyptian individuals were enrolled in our study, the mean age was 57.5 ± 10.5, and males comprised 76.5% of the study population. The mean LV mass and LV mass index were 193 ± 60 gm and 95.2 ± 27.5 g/m2 respectively. One-fifth of the patient had CAD luminal stenosis ≥ 50%. Normal LV geometric pattern was observed in about 37% of the study population. About one-third of the patients showed concentric remodeling. Patients with increased LV mass index represented one-third of the study population with a greater percentage of the concentric hypertrophy pattern than the eccentric hypertrophy pattern. Patients with high CAD-RADS showed statistically significant higher LV mass, LV mass index, and septal wall thickness. Patients with high CAD-RADS showed a greater percentage of concentric and eccentric hypertrophy. The LV geometric pattern was the only independent predictor of the high CAD-RADS. The LV geometric patterns associated with high RADS ordered from the highest to the lowest, were concentric LVH, Eccentric LV, and concentric remodeling.

Conclusions
LV geometric pattern is the only independent predictor of high CAD-RADS after adjustment for LV mass index and septal wall thickness. Among abnormal LV geometric patterns, concentric hypertrophy stands as the most important predictor of high CAD-RADS.
Rapid ethnography and participatory techniques increase onchocerciasis mass drug administration treatment coverage in Benin: a difference-in-differences analysis
Authors: Means Arianna Rubin , Sambiéni N’koué Emmanuel , Avokpaho Euripide , Monra Abdoulaye Benon , Kpatinvoh Fifamè Aubierge Eudoxie , Bardosh Kevin , Ibikounlé Moudachirou 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Onchocerciasis, a neglected tropical disease (NTD) that causes blindness, is controlled via mass drug administration (MDA) where entire endemic communities are targeted with preventative chemotherapeutic treatment. However, in many settings, MDA coverage remains low. The purpose of this project was to determine if engaging communities in the development of implementation strategies improves MDA coverage.

Methods
This study took place in an intervention and a control commune in Benin, West Africa. We conducted rapid ethnography in each commune to learn about community member perceptions of onchocerciasis, MDA, and opportunities to increase MDA coverage. Findings were shared with key stakeholders and a structured nominal group technique was used to derive implementation strategies most likely to increase treatment coverage. The implementation strategies were delivered prior to and during onchocerciasis MDA. We conducted a coverage survey within 2 weeks of MDA to determine treatment coverage in each commune. A difference-in-differences design was used to determine if the implementation package effectively increased coverage. A dissemination meeting was held with the NTD program and partners to share findings and determine the perceived acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of implementing rapid ethnography as part of routine program improvement.

Results
During rapid ethnography, key barriers to MDA participation included trust in community drug distributors, poor penetration of MDA programs in rural or geographically isolated areas, and low demand for MDA among specific sub-populations driven by religious or socio-cultural beliefs. Stakeholders developed a five-component implementation strategy package, including making drug distributor trainings dynamic, redesigning distributor job aids, tailoring community sensitization messages, formalizing supervision, and preparing local champions. After implementing the strategy package, MDA coverage increased by 13% (95% CI: 11.0–15.9%) in the intervention commune relative to the control commune. Ministry of Health and implementing partners found the approach to be largely acceptable and appropriate; however, there was mixed feedback regarding the feasibility of future implementation of rapid ethnography.

Conclusions
Implementation research conducted in Benin, and indeed throughout sub-Saharan Africa, is often implemented in a top-down manner, with both implementation determinants and strategies derived in the global North. This project demonstrates the importance of participatory action research involving community members and implementers to optimize program delivery.
The phase diagram of the next-neighbour Ising model of the face-centred cubic lattice
Authors: Ackland Graeme J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We use Monte Carlo simulation to determine the stable structures in the second-neighbour Ising model on the face-centred cubic lattice. Those structures are

for strongly antiferromagnetic second-neighbour interactions and

for ferromagnetic and weakly antiferromagnetic second neighbours. We find a third stable “intermediate” antiferromagnetic phase with

symmetry, and calculate the paramagnetic transition temperature for each. The transition temperature depends strongly on second-neighbour interactions which are not frustrated. We determine a sublattice structure suitable for solving this problem with mean-field theory.
Establishment of a novel protocol for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded organoids and spheroids
Authors: Yoshimoto Shohei , Taguchi Masahide , Sumi Satoko , Oka Kyoko , Okamura Kazuhiko 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models such as spheroids and organoids are widely used in the field of experimental biology. To analyze these 3D experimental models, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections are superior to whole-mount imaging for some experimental purposes, such as exploring samples with a depth limitation of primary antibody penetration immunohistochemically. However, tiny 3D cell culture samples are difficult to embed in paraffin and acquire appropriate sections. In this report, we optimized a protocol of paraffin embedding for spheroids and organoids. In addition, we compared FFPE sections with frozen sections in ratio of sample collection and section condition after staining, and could reproduce improved results reliably. The protocol we established could be widely used in many laboratories and become a useful technique for analyzing spheroids and organoids.
Craniofacial dysmorphology in Down syndrome is caused by increased dosage of Dyrk1a and at least three other genes
Authors: Redhead Yushi , Gibbins Dorota , Lana-Elola Eva , Watson-Scales Sheona , Dobson Lisa , Krause Matthias , Liu Karen J. , Fisher Elizabeth M. C. , Green Jeremy B. A. , Tybulewicz Victor L. J. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Down syndrome (DS), trisomy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21), occurs in 1 in 800 live births and is the most common human aneuploidy. DS results in multiple phenotypes, including craniofacial dysmorphology, which is characterised by midfacial hypoplasia, brachycephaly and micrognathia. The genetic and developmental causes of this are poorly understood. Using morphometric analysis of the Dp1Tyb mouse model of DS and an associated mouse genetic mapping panel, we demonstrate that four Hsa21-orthologous regions of mouse chromosome 16 contain dosage-sensitive genes that cause the DS craniofacial phenotype, and identify one of these causative genes as Dyrk1a. We show that the earliest and most severe defects in Dp1Tyb skulls are in bones of neural crest (NC) origin, and that mineralisation of the Dp1Tyb skull base synchondroses is aberrant. Furthermore, we show that increased dosage of Dyrk1a results in decreased NC cell proliferation and a decrease in size and cellularity of the NC-derived frontal bone primordia. Thus, DS craniofacial dysmorphology is caused by an increased dosage of Dyrk1a and at least three other genes.
Decision aids as tools to facilitate shared decision making in neonatal care: A standardization analysis
Authors: Dephoure Stephanie , Cummings Brian 
Published: April 2023

Background: Neonatal practice involves complex decision-making that prioritizes different ethical principles than adult care, with a particular focus on beneficence and the best interests standard, while respecting parental autonomy. Prioritizing autonomy and best interests are facilitated through shared decision-making (SDM). Decision aids (DA)s are educational, evidence-based tools designed to facilitate SDM between patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals. The development and evaluation of existing neonatal DAs have been variable, with as yet unestablished effectiveness and generalizability. The purpose of this review is to examine existing published neonatal DAs with the SUNDAE and SDP frameworks to describe where standards are met and identify opportunities to improve future neonatal SDM using DAs. Methods: Standardized frameworks allow neonatal DAs to be evaluated for completeness and elucidate areas of opportunity to better promote the ethical goals of SDM. DAs were included in analysis based on a comprehensive search strategy focusing on neonatal topics, and then evaluated for compliance with both the Standards for UNiversal reporting of patient Decision Aid Evaluations checklist (SUNDAE) and the Systematic Development Process (SDP). Results: Compliance with SUNDAE and SDP were inconsistent in currently published neonatal DAs. SUNDAE evaluation revealed gaps in visual and numerical probability factors, values clarification exercises, and provision of tailored information to meet parental needs, overall limiting the potential of informed and adaptable SDM. SDP evaluation showed gaps in longitudinal engagement of steering committees, a lack of preliminary alpha testing with clinicians and beta testing with both clinicians and parents. Conclusions: In order to maximize SDM and support ethical decision-making honoring parental autonomy and best interests standard in neonates, a holistic framework for DA development and reporting is needed to maximize their clinical impact.
Participants’ evaluations of the meaningful implementation of Inclusive Education in preschool for team training
Authors: Tammemäe Tiiu , Lilleoja Lii , Nelis Pille 
Published: April 2023

Kaasava hariduskorralduse kohaselt leitakse õppijatele haridusvõimalused kohalikus kogukonnas koos eakaaslastega, kuid lasteaiaõpetajad tunnevad end kõigi laste kaasamisel ebakindlalt. Uute teadmiste omandamiseks ja õppimise tõhustamiseks loodi ja viidi ellu aasta kestev täienduskoolitus lasteaedade meeskondadele. Uuringus selgitati küsitluse põhjal välja hinnangud koolitusele ning meeskonnana toimimisele ja isiklikule rollile kaasava hariduse tähenduslikul rakendamisel lasteaias. Uuringus osales neli meeskonda, kokku 23 pedagoogi. Andmeid koguti küsitlusega ja analüüsiti kombineeritud meetodiga. Tulemused näitasid, et koolitusel osalejad väärtustasid koolituse sisu ning see toetas kaasava hariduse rakendamist lasteaedades. Meeskonnana koolitusel osalemine toetas sügavamat õppimist ja osalejad panustasid teadlikumalt lasteaia arendustegevustesse kaasava hariduse rakendamiseks. Selliste kõigi laste mõtestatud kaasamist toetavate koolitustega on otstarbekas jätkata.
Summary
Improving the Quality of In-Kind Donations: A Field Experiment
Authors: De La Torre Pacheco Sindy , Eftekhar Mahyar , Wu Chao 
Published: April 2023

Problem definition: Although in-kind donations contribute to charity’s triple bottom line (i.e., generating additional revenue for the charity, contributing to social welfare, and reducing environmental waste through rechanneling used items), inappropriate material donations impose additional costs to sort, process, or discard them. Minimizing the amount of undesired in-kind donations, however, is a challenge given charities’ sensitive relationship with their donors. This paper examines the effectiveness of behavioral interventions on improving the quality of in-kind donations gifted by individuals. Methodology/results: We conducted a field experiment to implement interventions motivated by two well-established behavioral mechanisms: information disclosure and social norm. We studied the reaction of 763 donors who were scheduled to make an in-kind donation at a local charity between October 31 and November 11, 2020. Our results show that using the social norm intervention effectively improved the quality of in-kind donations, whereas information disclosure, which is commonly used in practice as the industry standard intervention, was ineffective. We also conducted two postexperiment analyses. First, we collected additional data on 1,301 in-kind donations whose donors had received the social norm intervention during February 2021. Results show that the impact of the social norm intervention is stable over different time periods. Second, we studied the spillover effect of these interventions for a period of 12 months and did not find a negative long-term impact on in-kind donations. Managerial implications: A conservative estimation shows that implementing the social norm intervention reduced the junk donations received by 50% without having a negative spillover effect on donors’ in-kind donations or imposing any direct operating cost. Consequently, this field evidence provides an effective, cost-efficient, and scalable solution for charities to address the quality problem of in-kind donations. In addition, our results challenge the industry conventional practice of incorporating information disclosure in their communications with donors. Funding: This work was supported by Virginia G. Piper Charitable Trust [Grant 2020 Initiative].
Global trends in antidepressant, atypical antipsychotic, and benzodiazepine use: A cross-sectional analysis of 64 countries
Authors: Alabaku Orges , Yang Alyssa , Tharmarajah Shenthuraan , Suda Katie , Vigod Simone , Tadrous Mina 
Published: April 2023

Objective
To describe the trends in use of antidepressants (ADs), atypical antipsychotics (AAPs), and benzodiazepines (BZDs) among high-, middle-, and low-income countries.

Methods
A cross-sectional time-series analysis by country from July 2014 to December 2019 utilizing IQVIA’s Multinational Integrated Data Analysis database was conducted. Population-controlled rates of use were calculated in number of standard units of medications per drug class per population size. The United Nations’ 2020 World Economic Situation and Prospects was used to group countries into high-, middle-, and low-income. Percent change in rates of use per drug class was calculated from July 2014 to July 2019. Linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the predictability of percent change in use utilizing a country’s baseline rate of use per drug class and economic status as predictor variables.

Results
A total of 64 countries were included: 33 high-, 6 middle-, and 25 low-income. Average baseline rates of use for ADs in high-, middle-, and low-income countries were 2.15, 0.35, and 0.38 standard units per population size, respectively. For AAPs, rates were 0.69, 0.15, and 0.13, respectively. For BZDs, rates were 1.66, 1.46, and 0.33, respectively. Average percent changes in use for ADs by economic status were 20%, 69%, and 42%, respectively. For AAPs, they were 27%, 78%, and 69%, respectively. For BZDs, they were -13%, 4%, and -5%, respectively. Some associations were found demonstrating that as a country’s economic status increases, percent change of AD (p = 0.916), AAP (p = 0.23), and BZD (p = 0.027) use decreases. Similarly, as baseline rate of use for ADs and AAPs increases, percent change in use decreases with p-values of 0.026 and 0.054, respectively. For BZDs, as baseline rate of use increases, percent change in use increases (p = 0.038).

Conclusions
High-income countries have a higher rate of treatment utilization compared to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with treatment utilization increasing in all countries of interest.
Diagnostic performance of the GenoType MTBDRplus VER 2.0 line probe assay for the detection of isoniazid resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Ethiopia
Authors: Moga Shewki , Bobosha Kidist , Fikadu Dinka , Zerihun Betselot , Diriba Getu , Amare Misikir , Kempker Russell R. , Blumberg Henry M. , Abebe Tamrat 
Published: April 2023

Background
Isoniazid (INH) resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Hr-TB) is the most common type of drug resistant TB, and is defined as M tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains resistant to INH but susceptible to rifampicin (RIF). Resistance to INH precedes RIF resistance in almost all multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB) cases, across all MTBC lineages and in all settings. Therefore, early detection of Hr-TB is critical to ensure rapid initiation of appropriate treatment, and to prevent progression to MDR-TB. We assessed the performance of the GenoType MTBDRplus VER 2.0 line probe assay (LPA) in detecting isoniazid resistance among MTBC clinical isolates.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted among M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) clinical isolates obtained from the third-round Ethiopian national drug resistance survey (DRS) conducted between August 2017 and December 2019. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the GenoType MTBDRplus VER 2.0 LPA in detecting INH resistance were assessed and compared to phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) using the Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) system. Fisher’s exact test was performed to compare the performance of LPA between Hr-TB and MDR-TB isolates.

Results
A total of 137 MTBC isolates were included, of those 62 were Hr-TB, 35 were MDR-TB and 40 were INH susceptible. The sensitivity of the GenoType MTBDRplus VER 2.0 for detecting INH resistance was 77.4% (95% CI: 65.5–86.2) among Hr-TB isolates and 94.3% (95% CI: 80.4–99.4) among MDR-TB isolates (P = 0.04). The specificity of the GenoType MTBDRplus VER 2.0 for detecting INH resistance was 100% (95% CI: 89.6–100). The katG 315 mutation was observed in 71% (n = 44) of Hr-TB phenotypes and 94.3% (n = 33) of MDR-TB phenotypes. Mutation at position-15 of the inhA promoter region alone was detected in four (6.5%) Hr-TB isolates, and concomitantly with katG 315 mutation in one (2.9%) MDR-TB isolate.

Conclusions
GenoType MTBDRplus VER 2.0 LPA demonstrated improved performance in detecting INH resistance among MDR-TB cases compared to Hr-TB cases. The katG315 mutation is the most common INH resistance conferring gene among Hr-TB and MDR-TB isolates. Additional INH resistance conferring mutations should be evaluated to improve the sensitivity of the GenoType MTBDRplus VER 2.0 for the detection of INH resistance among Hr-TB cases.