bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iridescent Water Droplets Beyond Mie Scattering
Authors: Xia Mengqi (Mandy) , Walter Bruce , Marschner Steve 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLooking at a cup of hot tea, an observer can see color patterns and granular textures both on the water surface and in the steam. Motivated by this example, we model the appearance of iridescent water droplets. Mie scattering describes the scattering of light waves by individual spherical particles and is the building block for both effects, but we show that other mechanisms must also be considered in order to faithfully reproduce the appearance. Iridescence on the water surface is caused by droplets levitating above the surface, and interference between light scattered by drops and reflected by the water surface, known as Quetelet scattering, is essential to producing the color. We propose a model, new to computer graphics, for rendering this phenomenon, which we validate against photographs. For iridescent steam, we show that variation in droplet size is essential to the characteristic color patterns. We build a droplet growth model and apply it as a post‐processing step to an existing computer graphics fluid simulation to compute collections of particles for rendering. We significantly accelerate the rendering of sparse particles with motion blur by intersecting rays with particle trajectories, blending contributions along viewing rays. Our model reproduces the distinctive color patterns correlated with the steam flow. For both effects, we instantiate individual droplets and render them explicitly, since the granularity of droplets is readily observed in reality, and demonstrate that Mie scattering alone cannot reproduce the visual appearance.
A Practical and Hierarchical Yarn‐based Shading Model for Cloth
Authors: Zhu J. , Montazeri Z. , Aubry J. , Yan L. , Weidlich A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRealistic cloth rendering is a longstanding challenge in computer graphics due to the intricate geometry and hierarchical structure of cloth: Fibers form plies which in turn are combined into yarns which then are woven or knitted into fabrics. Previous fiber‐based models have achieved high‐quality close‐up rendering, but they suffer from high computational cost, which limits their practicality. In this paper, we propose a novel hierarchical model that analytically aggregates light simulation on the fiber level by building on dual‐scattering theory. Based on this, we can perform an efficient simulation of ply and yarn shading. Compared to previous methods, our approach is faster and uses less memory while preserving a similar accuracy. We demonstrate both through comparison with existing fiber‐based shading models. Our yarn shading model can be applied to curves or surfaces, making it highly versatile for cloth shading. This duality paired with its simplicity and flexibility makes the model particularly useful for film and games production.
Circulating T‐cell subsets discrepancy between bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder during mood episodes: A naturalistic, retrospective study of 1015 cases
Authors: Li Shaoli , Lv Duo , Qian Chao , Jiang Jiajun , Zhang Peifen , Xi Caixi , Wu Lingling , Gao Xingle , Fu Yaoyang , Zhang Danhua , Chen Yiqing , Huang Huimin , Zhu Yiyi , Wang Xiaorong , Lai Jianbo , Hu Shaohua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsWe aimed to investigate whether peripheral T‐cell subsets could be a biomarker to distinguish major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD).MethodsMedical records of hospitalized patients in the Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, from January 2015 to September 2020 with a discharge diagnosis of MDD or BD were reviewed. Patients who underwent peripheral blood examination of T‐cell subtype proportions, including CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T‐cell, and natural killer (NK) cells, were enrolled. The Chi‐square test, t‐test, or one‐way analysis of variance were used to analyze group differences. Demographic profiles and T‐cell data were used to construct a random forest classifier‐based diagnostic model.ResultsTotally, 98 cases of BD mania, 459 cases of BD depression (BD‐D), and 458 cases of MDD were included. There were significant differences in the proportions of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T‐cell, and NK cells among the three groups. Compared with MDD, the BD‐D group showed higher CD8+ but lower CD4+ T‐cell and a significantly lower ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ proportions. The random forest model achieved an area under the curve of 0.77 (95% confidence interval: 0.71–0.83) to distinguish BD‐D from MDD patients.ConclusionThese findings imply that BD and MDD patients may harbor different T‐cell inflammatory patterns, which could be a potential diagnostic biomarker for mood disorders.
The mitochondrial‐endoplasmic reticulum co‐transfer in dental pulp stromal cell promotes pulp injury repair
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyi , Wang Chunmeng , Zhou Zihao , Zhang Qi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDental pulp injury remains a clinical challenge with limited therapeutic approaches. In the present study, we sought to prove that dental pulp stromal cells (DPSCs) mitochondrial transfer could promote dental pulp injury repair and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐mitochondrial contacts have a significant regulatory effect on mitochondrial transfer. Healthy DPSCs were co‐cultured directly or indirectly with injured DPSCs in the first molar of 1–2 month SD rats or in vitro. Mitochondrial transfer was observed after 24 h of co‐culture using fluorescence microscopy and live cell workstation. After co‐culture for 1W, 8‐OhdG immunofluorescence, mitochondrial membrane potential and total oxidant status/total antioxidant status were used to detect the mitochondrial function of injured DPSCs before and after mitochondrial transfer. Subsequently, mitochondria‐ER co‐transfer was regulated by modulating mitochondria‐ER binding in healthy DPSCs, and the results of GRP78 and CHOP in DPSCs, and PDI immunofluorescence and haematoxylin and eosin staining of pulp tissue were analysed to clarify the effects of modulating mitochondria‐ER co‐transfer on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and on pulp injury repair. Fluorescence microscopy and live cell workstation results showed significant mitochondrial transfer between DPSCs. Meanwhile, mitochondrial transfer significantly restored mitochondrial function in injured DPSCs. By modulating mitochondrial‐ER binding, the efficiency of mitochondrial transfer between DPSCs was significantly affected and had an impact on ERS in injured cells. Mitochondrial transfer of DPSCs significantly promotes pulpal injury repair and functional recovery of damaged DPSCs, and mitochondrial transfer of DPSCs is regulated by mitochondria‐ER binding.
The cost of respiratory hospitalizations in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Bear Natasha L. , Wilson Andrew , Blackmore A. Marie , Geelhoed Elizabeth , Simpson Shannon , Langdon Katherine 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo establish the burden of respiratory illness in cerebral palsy (CP) on the Western Australian health care system by quantifying the costs of respiratory hospitalizations in children with CP, compared with non‐respiratory hospitalizations.MethodA 2‐year (2014–2015) retrospective study using linked hospital data (excluding emergency department visits), in a population of children with CP in Western Australia aged 18 years and under (median age at hospitalization 7 years; interquartile range 5–12 years).ResultsIn 671 individuals (57% male) there were 726 emergency hospitalizations, and 1631 elective hospitalizations. Although there were more elective hospitalizations, emergency hospitalizations were associated with longer stays in hospital, and more days in an intensive care unit, resulting in a higher total cost of emergency hospitalizations than elective hospitalizations (total costs: emergency AU$7 748 718 vs elective AU$6 738 187). ‘Respiratory’ was the leading cause of emergency hospitalizations, contributing to 36% of all emergency admission costs. For a group of high‐cost inpatient users (top 5% of individuals with the highest total inpatient costs) the most common reason for hospitalization was ‘respiratory’. Where non‐respiratory admissions were complicated by an additional respiratory diagnosis, length of stay was greater.InterpretationRespiratory hospitalizations in CP are a significant driver of health care costs. In the paediatric group, they are a burden for a subgroup of children with CP.What this paper adds

Respiratory illness is the most costly area for unplanned, emergency hospitalizations for children and young people with cerebral palsy.
The top 5% of individuals with the highest total inpatient costs account for a disproportionate amount of health care costs.
ELOVL2‐methylation and renal and cardiovascular event in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Obeid Rima , Rickens Patricia , Heine Gunnar Henrik , Emrich Insa E. , Fliser Danilo , Zawada Adam M. , Bodis Marion , Geisel Jürgen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundMethylation of the Elongation Of Very Long Chain Fatty Acids‐Like 2 (ELOVL2) gene promoter may predict premature ageing and cardiovascular risk.MethodsWe studied the cross‐sectional associations between blood ELOVL2‐methylation and cardiovascular risk factors in 350 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage G2–G4 aged between 22 and 90 years. In a follow‐up study for a mean of 3.9 years, we investigated the association between baseline ELOVL2‐methylation and renal or cardiovascular events including death.ResultsELOVL2‐methylation at seven CpG cites increased with age (the correlation coefficients between 0.67 and 0.87, p < 0.001). The ELOVL2‐CpGs methylation was lower in patients with CKD stage G2 versus those in stage G3a, G3b and G4, but the differences were explained by age. ELOVL2‐CpGs methylation showed no correlations with cardiovascular risk factors after adjusting for age. During the follow‐up, 64 patients showed deterioration in renal function or died and 77 showed cardiovascular events or died. The hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals for renal or cardiovascular events according to baseline ELOVL2‐CpGs methylation were not significant after adjustment for covariates.ConclusionsELOVL2‐hypermethylation showed a strong association with age, but was not independently associated with cardiovascular risk factors or with future renal or cardiovascular events in patients with CKD. ELOVL2 gene methylation is not likely to be itself a cause for ageing or illnesses, but it could be rather influenced by other upstream processes that deserve investigation.
Prognostic implication of pre‐transplant FEV1 on long‐term outcomes following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Novitzky‐Basso Igor , Lam Wilson , Chiarello Caden , Pasic Ivan , Law Arjun D. , Michelis Fotios V. , Gerbitz Armin , Viswabandya Auro , Lipton Jeffrey H. , Kumar Rajat , Mattsson Jonas , Messner Hans A. , Marras Theodore K. , Mittoo Shikha , Kim Dennis Dong Hwan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPre‐transplant pulmonary function testing (PFT) is essential before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT), yet the optimal cutoff value for affecting transplant outcomes remains poorly defined.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of pre‐HCT PFT data from 605 consecutive patients at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2013 used binary recursive partitioning to identify cutoff values for overall survival (OS) as an endpoint of transplant outcomes. These values were compared to HCT comorbidity index (HCT‐CI) FEV1 cutoffs for OS, cumulative incidence of relapse and non‐relapse mortality.ResultsFEV1 ≥ 81% was the identified cutoff point. The OS rate at 3 years showed 49.8% (FEV1 ≥ 81%) vs. 36.6% (<81%, p < .001). For HCT‐CI cutoffs, the OS rate at 3 years for FEV1 ≥ 80%, 66%–80% and ≤65% were 49.0%, 38.1% and 37.6% (p = .011), respectively. Multivariate analysis confirmed that FEV1 ≥ 81% predicted reduced mortality (HR 0.682, p = .001). Subgroup analysis showed both FEV1 ≥ 81% and FEV1 by HCT‐CI cutoffs may stratify patients according to OS and NRM risk in subgroups receiving myeloablative, but not reduced intensity conditioning.ConclusionFEV1 ≥ 81% can predict OS and NRM in our cohort and is potentially simpler when risk stratifying patients undergoing allogeneic HCT, particularly those receiving myeloablative conditioning.
Changes in vertical and horizontal diversities mediated by the size structure of introduced fish collectively shape food‐web stability
Authors: Vagnon Chloé , Pomeranz Justin , Loheac Bertrand , Vallat Manuel , Guillard Jean , Raymond Jean‐Claude , Sentis Arnaud , Frossard Victor 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSpecies introductions can alter local food‐web structure by changing the vertical or horizontal diversity within communities, largely driven by their body size distributions. Increasing vertical and horizontal diversities is predicted to have opposing effects on stability. However, their interactive effects remain largely overlooked. We investigated the independent and collective effects of vertical and horizontal diversities on food‐web stability in alpine lakes stocked with variable body size distributions of introduced fish species. Introduced predators destabilize food‐webs by increasing vertical diversity through food chain lengthening. Alternatively, increasing horizontal diversity results in more stable food‐web topologies. A non‐linear interaction between vertical and horizontal diversities suggests that increasing vertical diversity is most destabilizing when horizontal diversity is low. Our findings suggest that the size structure of introduced predators drives their impacts on stability by modifying the structure of food‐webs, and highlights the interactive effects of vertical and horizontal diversities on stability.
How to distinguish Guillain‐Barré syndrome from nitrous oxide‐induced neuropathy: A 2‐year, multicentric, retrospective study
Authors: Fortanier Etienne , Berling Edouard , Zanin Adrien , Guillou Adrien Le , Micaleff Joelle , Nicolas Guillaume , Lozeron Pierre , Attarian Shahram 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecreational use of nitrous oxide (N2O) has dramatically increased in recent years, resulting in numerous cases of acute sensorimotor tetraparesis secondary to nitrous oxide‐induced neuropathy (N2On). Challenging clinical features can mimic Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS), the main differential diagnosis upon admission. The most sensitive biomarkers for distinguishing between these two conditions remain to be determined.MethodsFifty‐eight N2On patients from three referral centers were retrospectively included over a 2‐year period and compared to GBS patients hospitalized during the same timeframe (47 patients). Collected demographic, clinical, biological, and electrophysiological data were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe typical N2On clinical pattern included distal sensorimotor deficit in lower limbs with absent reflexes, proprioceptive ataxia, and no cranial involvement (56.7% of our cohort). Misleading GBS‐like presentations were found in 14 N2On patients (24.1%), and 13 patients (22.4%) did not report N2O use during initial interview. Only half the N2On patients presented with reduced vitamin B12 serum levels upon admission. A slightly increased cut‐off (<200 pmol/L) demonstrated 85.1% sensitivity and 84.5% specificity in distinguishing N2On from GBS. Only 6.9% of N2On patients met the criteria for primary demyelination (p < 0.01), with only one presenting conduction blocks. A diagnostic algorithm combining these two biomarkers successfully classified all GBS‐like N2On patients.ConclusionsVitamin B12 serum level < 200 pmol/L cut‐off and conduction blocks in initial electrophysiological study are the two most sensitive biomarkers for rapidly distinguishing N2On from GBS patients. These two parameters are particularly useful in clinically atypical N2On with GBS‐like presentation.
Clinical characteristics and heterogeneity of generalized pustular psoriasis: A comparative study in a large retrospective cohort
Authors: Xu Zhongrui , Liu Yanhua , Qu Huanhuan , Bai Yaxing , Ma Jingyi , Hao Junfeng , Yu Chen , Dang Erle , Wang Gang , Shao Shuai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGeneralized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare and potentially life‐threatening skin disease and the clinical heterogeneity of which is largely unknown. Retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on hospitalized GPP patients between January 2010 and November 2022. A total of 416 patients with GPP and psoriasis vulgaris (PV) respectively were included, matched 1:1 by sex and age. The heterogeneity of GPP was stratified by PV history and age. Compared with PV, GPP was significantly associated with prolonged hospitalization (11.7 vs. 10.3 day, p < 0.001), elevated neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (5.93 vs. 2.44, p < 0.001) and anemia (13.9% vs. 1.2%, p < 0.001). Moreover, GPP alone (without PV history) was a relatively severer subtype with higher temperature (37.6°C vs. 38.0°C, p = 0.002) and skin infections (5.2% vs. 11.4%, p = 0.019) than GPP with PV. For patients across different age, compared with juvenile patients, clinical features support a severer phenotype in middle‐aged, including higher incidence of anaemia (7.5% vs. 16.0%, p = 0.023) and NLR score (3.83 vs. 6.88, p < 0.001). Interleukin‐6 (r = 0.59), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = −0.56), albumin (r = −0.53) and C‐reactive protein‐to‐albumin ratio (r = 0.49) were the most relevant markers of severity in GPP alone, GPP with PV, juvenile and middle‐aged GPP, respectively. This retrospective cohort suggests that GPP is highly heterogeneous and GPP alone and middle‐aged GPP exhibit severe disease phenotypes. More attention on the heterogeneity of this severe disease is warranted to meet the unmet needs and promote the individualized management of GPP.
Did morality help consumers protect others while shopping during pandemic?
Authors: Chakraborty Swagata , Sadachar Amrut 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe explored the relationships between the big 5 personality traits (i.e., openness, consciousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism), morality amid the pandemic, and intentions for shopping online and in‐store. Conducting an online survey with the U.S. national sample (n = 490) and analyzing the data through structural equation modeling, we found that consciousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism positively influenced morality; extraversion negatively influenced morality; conscientiousness positively influenced and openness and extraversion negatively influenced the intentions for online shopping; extraversion positively influenced and neuroticism negatively influenced in‐store shopping intentions. Morality and personality traits are important in shaping intentions for shopping online and in‐store amid the pandemic.
On the evaluation of uniaxial tensile and fracture properties of Ti‐6Al‐4V by spherical indentation tests with different calculation models
Authors: Li Jianxun , Wang Minghang , Li Ying , Chen Haofeng , Zhang Tairui , Wang Weiqiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study assessed the efficacy of models in predicting uniaxial tensile and fracture properties of Ti‐6Al‐4V (TC4) alloys via spherical indentation tests (SITs). Four models, including one empirical, one numerical, and two analytical, were selected as representatives to evaluate uniaxial tensile properties. A series of experiments were conducted on TC4 alloys obtained from three manufacturing processes: selective laser melting (SLM), forging, and welding. The empirical model underestimated the material's strength, while the other models were mostly conservative, with errors within 10%, acceptable for engineering applications. However, although the incremental model is able to provide a desirable result, it may be inaccurate for calculating the yield strength. Thus, the source of errors in each model was thoroughly investigated through theoretical analysis and finite element calculations. Additionally, based on the results of optimal strength assessment, this study validated the effectiveness of the critical stress model to evaluate the fracture toughness of TC4 alloys.
Illusion and individuation in the Orientalisms of Arthur Schopenhauer and Karoline von Günderrode
Authors: Takamura David 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe present article demonstrates the philosophical gains Arthur Schopenhauer and Karoline von Günderrode derive from the Western conceptions of individuation they read into Indian thought. Schopenhauer represents much of 19th‐century German Orientalism—including that of Herder and Friedrich Schlegel—insofar as his Idealism focuses upon Indian “antirealism” or the view that contrasts the unreality of finitude with a higher, ultimate reality. In particular, he subsumes all individuated forms—including individual subjectivity—under the Indian concept māyā, or “illusion” as understood by the Hindu school Advaita. Günderrode, on the contrary, privileges the Indian concept of saṃsāra, or cyclical reincarnation, which in her understanding exemplifies a then uncommon interpretation of Indian thought as “realist,” or committed to the truth of appearances and the value of finitude. With regard to Hindu belief, Günderrode's conception of individuation as participation in reality therefore resonates with the materialist school of Hinduism Vaiśeṣika, as well as Advaita's directly competing school, Viśiṣṭādvaita.
Novel application of pineapple peel pectin extract film as active edible coating on quality of dried pineapple
Authors: Meerasri Jitrawadee , Sothornvit Rungsinee 
Published: July 2023

SummaryThis study aimed to determine the efficiency of using pineapple peel pectin solution (PPPS) and commercial pectin solution (CPS) as a novel edible coating to preserve the quality of hot‐air (HA)‐dried pineapples without any use of expensive equipment as a freeze dryer. First, pectin films at different ratios of CPS to PPPS (10:0, 9:1, 8:2 and 7:3) were evaluated for the film properties prior to application. A high amount of PPPS lowered film solubility with a high total phenolic content (TPC). The film at 8:2 was selected based on its high functional properties. The coating did not show significant changes in colour, water activity and texture properties of coated HA‐dried pineapples compared to uncoated samples. Moreover, PPPS addition maintained TPC and antioxidant activity of coated HA‐dried samples similar to the high quality of uncoated freeze‐dried samples. Thus, the new edible coating showed an alternative to preserve the quality of HA‐dried pineapples.