bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the Universe Infinite? Characterising a Hierarchy of Reasoning in Student Conceptions of Cosmology Concepts Using Open-Ended Surveys
Authors: Salimpour Saeed , Tytler Russell , Fitzgerald Michael T. , Eriksson Urban 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCosmology presents students with ideas that stimulate their curiosity and brings together various concepts from STEM that call on a variety of reasoning types across multiple representational modes, involving subtleties of spacetime relations, a variety of models and evidence requiring multiple lines of high precision observations. This study investigated high school students’ levels and types of reasoning that frame their conceptions in different cosmology topics. An open-ended knowledge survey, the Cosmology Knowledge Survey (CosmoKS), was developed and implemented online to 286 high school students (aged 16–18 years) from Australia and Sweden. A modified version of the Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome (SOLO) taxonomy with four levels (pre-structural, uni-structural, multi-structural and relational) was used as a guide to analyse students’ open-ended and structured responses. This provided insights into the level and complexity of reasoning underpinning a variety of conceptions across the four dimensions of cosmology education: size and scale, spacetime location, composition of the universe and evolution of the universe. The study identified underlying patterns in student reasoning and conceptions in cosmology, summarised as (i) navigating spatial and temporal relations, (ii) counterintuitive concepts and (iii) language and everyday experience, especially intuition. The analysis led to the characterisation of a hierarchy of reasoning that helps identify sources of alternative conceptions and provided the basis for the development of a concept inventory and progression with broad implications.
Clinical significance of extended high-risk human papillomavirus genotyping and viral load in cervical cancer and precancerous lesions
Authors: Su Pingping , Ma Jincheng , Yu Lirui , Tang Shuting , Sun Pengming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPersistent infections with specific high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) strains are the leading cause of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. HPV-16 and HPV-18 are associated with more than 70% of cervical cancer. However, with recent widespread vaccination efforts against cervical cancer, the infection rates of HPV-16 and HPV-18 have decreased across all age groups, while the infection rates of other HR-HPV strains have increased. The non-16/18 HR-HPV strains play an important role in cervical lesions. These strains can be identified with extended genotyping, and the 2019 American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) guidelines recommended an HPV-based testing to assess the risk of cervical disease in patients. We reviewed and analyzed the clinical benefits of applying extended HR-HPV genotyping, which was published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (HPV-16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68), to cervical cancer screening. This review concluded that cervical cancer screening needs to include extended HR-HPV genotyping. The examination of extended HR-HPV genotyping in cervical intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancers can help guide clinical practices.
Clinicopathologic diagnosis of dVIN related vulvar squamous cell carcinoma: An extended appraisal from a tertiary women's hospital
Authors: Wang Tiannan , Baloda Vandana , Harinath Lakshmi , Jones Terrell , Zhang Huina , Bhargava Rohit , Zhao Chengquan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundDifferentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN) is a non-human papilloma virus (HPV)-related high-grade precursor lesion to vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (vSCCa). AlthoughTP53gene mutations have been identified in 80% of dVIN, its role in dVIN pathogenesis as well as malignant transformation is still being poorly understood. Poor reproducible diagnostic criteria and ambiguous p53 immunostaining patterns, along with morphologic discordance still pose a diagnostic challenge.MethodsA series of 60 cases of dVIN-related vSCCa along with adjacent dVIN were evaluated. Clinicopathological features as well as immunohistochemical results were recorded on the resection-confirmed dVIN-related vSCCa.ResultsThe average age of the patients was 71 years. Thirty-five cases (58.4%) of dVIN-related vSCCa were moderately differentiated, fourteen cases (23.3%) were poorly differentiated, and the remaining eleven cases (18.3%) were well-differentiated. Twenty-nine cases (48.3%) were found to have lichen sclerosus adjacent to dVIN. In terms of p53 and p16 expression in dVIN-related vSCCa and the adjacent dVIN, fifty-five (91.7%) dVIN showed mutant p53 immunostaining pattern with strong positive expression in 80% cases (basal/para-basal expression) and null pattern expression in 11.7% cases. Five (8.3%) dVIN showed p53 wild-type staining pattern. The wild-type pattern were seen in 5% of vSCCa and p53 null pattern were seen in 13.3% vSCCa. Six cases demonstrated atypical staining patterns: two cases showed p53 null expression in dVIN but p53 overexpression in invasive carcinoma; three cases exhibited p53 null expression in invasive carcinoma, with the adjacent dVIN showing basal and para-basal mutant (2 cases) and wild-type (1 case) p53 expression patterns. A single case demonstrated p53 wild-type pattern in dVIN and overexpression in invasive carcinoma. In addition, 65% dVIN were p16 negative and 31.7% dVIN had patchy p16 staining.ConclusionClinical and prognostic value of the ambiguous/inconsistent patterns are uncertain and molecular studies are needed for further characterization.
Assessing animal welfare impact of fourteen control and dispatch methods for house mouse (Mus musculus), Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) and black rat (Rattus rattus)
Authors: De Ruyver Ciska , Baert Kristof , Cartuyvels Emma , Beernaert Lies AL , Tuyttens Frank AM , Leirs Herwig , Moons Christel PH 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Population control of the house mouse (Mus musculus), Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) and black rat (Rattus rattus) is common practice worldwide. Our objective was to assess the impact on animal welfare of lethal and non-lethal control methods, including three dispatch methods. We used the Sharp and Saunders welfare assessment model with eight experts scoring eleven control methods and three dispatch methods used on the three species. We presumed the methods were performed as prescribed, only taking into account the effect on the target animal (and not, for example, on non-target catches). We did not assess population control efficacy of the methods. Methods considered to induce the least suffering to the target animal were captive-bolt traps, electrocution traps and cervical dislocation, while those with the greatest impact were anticoagulants, cholecalciferol and deprivation. Experts indicated considerable uncertainty regarding their evaluation of certain methods, which emphasises the need for further scientific research. In particular, the impact of hydrogen cyanide, chloralose and aluminium phosphide on animal welfare ought to be investigated. The experts also stressed the need to improve Standard Operating Procedures and to incorporate animal welfare assessments in Integrated Pest Management (IPM). The results of our study can help laypeople, professionals, regulatory agencies and legislators making well-informed decisions as to which methods to use when controlling commensal rodents.
The Limits of Defining Identity in Religion-Gender Conflicts: A Response to Patrick Parkinson
Authors: Portuondo Laura , Haupt Claudia E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn his article “Gender Identity Discrimination and Freedom of Religion,” Patrick Parkinson raises the important question of how the government should reconcile conflicts between the rights of religious people and the rights of transgender and gender-nonconforming people. By focusing on whether gender identity is best defined as a medical issue or a belief system, however, Parkinson does little to answer it. Whether gender identity is a medical issue may be relevant to determining the sincerity of an individual’s faith-based objection to complying with an antidiscrimination law. It has no bearing, however, on the strength of trans and gender-nonconforming individuals’ countervailing interest in being protected from discrimination. Defining gender identity as a belief system does no more to undermine this interest. This should be apparent to defenders of religious exemptions, who assert that belief systems offer a basis for extending, rather than contracting, legal protections. Characterizing an individual’s gender identity as either a medical issue or a belief system thus does not show why that individual’s interests should give way to the interests of religious objectors through an exemption. To reach this conclusion, one must instead turn to other values, such as those implicit—though inadequately defended—in Parkinson’s article.
Cross-Lingual Classification of Political Texts Using Multilingual Sentence Embeddings
Authors: Licht Hauke 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEstablished approaches to analyze multilingual text corpora require either a duplication of analysts’ efforts or high-quality machine translation (MT). In this paper, I argue that multilingual sentence embedding (MSE) is an attractive alternative approach to language-independent text representation. To support this argument, I evaluate MSE for cross-lingual supervised text classification. Specifically, I assess how reliably MSE-based classifiers detect manifesto sentences’ topics and positions compared to classifiers trained using bag-of-words representations of machine-translated texts, and how this depends on the amount of training data. These analyses show that when training data are relatively scarce (e.g., 20K or less-labeled sentences), MSE-based classifiers can be more reliable and are at least no less reliable than their MT-based counterparts. Furthermore, I examine how reliable MSE-based classifiers label sentences written in languages not in the training data, focusing on the task of discriminating sentences that discuss the issue of immigration from those that do not. This analysis shows that compared to the within-language classification benchmark, such “cross-lingual transfer” tends to result in fewer reliability losses when relying on the MSE instead of the MT approach. This study thus presents an important addition to the cross-lingual text analysis toolkit.
Glacial–interglacial cycles in the south-central and southeastern Pyrenees since ~180 ka (NE Spain–Andorra–S France)
Authors: Turu Valenti , Peña-Monné Jose Luís , Cunha Pedro P. , Jalut Guy , Buylaert Jan-Pieter , Murray Andrew S. , Bridgland David , Faurschou-Knudsen Mads , Oliva Marc , Carrasco Rosa M. , Ros Xavier , Turu-Font Laia , Ventura Roca Josep 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study uses luminescence and 14C accelerator mass spectrometry procedures to date relevant glaciofluvial and glacial deposits from the south-central and southeastern Pyrenees (Andorra–France–Spain). We distinguish two types of end-moraine complexes: (1) those in which at least a far-flung moraine exists beyond a frequently nested end-moraine complex (the most common) and (2) those in which a close-nested end moraine encompasses at least two glacial cycles. Both types formed within six distinctive glacial intervals: (1) A penultimate glacial cycle during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 and older glaciofluvial terraces occurred beyond the range of the luminescence dating method. (2) An early glacial advance in MIS 5d (~97 −15/+19 ka) was followed by glacial retreat during MIS 5c (< 91 ± 9 ka). (3) The last maximum ice extent (LMIE) was in early MIS 4 (~74 ± 4.5 ka). (4) Unexpectedly, glaciers thinned during the second half of MIS 3 (~39 −6/+11 ka). (5) During the MIS 3–2 transition, glaciers subsequently fluctuated behind the LMIE limits. (6) The global last glacial maximum (LGM) started as early as ~26.6 ± 0.365 ka b2k, and the corresponding end moraines were built behind the LMIE limits or merged with it, forming close-nested moraines.
A new isolate of Mesorhabditis monhystera (Bütschli, 1873) Dougherty, 1955 (Rhabditida: Rhabditidae): re-evaluated with molecular data and scanning electron microscopic observations
Authors: Bashir I. , Mahboob M. , Tahseen Q. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A new isolate of Mesorhabditis monhystera (Bütschli, 1873) Dougherty, 1955 is described and illustrated with morphological and molecular data. The phylogenetic analysis based on the D2/D3 segment of 28S rDNA using the Bayesian inference method, revealed monophyly of the genus Mesorhabditis as the subordinate taxa clustered in one clade. The clade further divided into two subclades representing the Monhystera-group and Spiculigera-group with 100% posterior probability values. However, GenBank sequences of several species constituting the Monhystera-group, showed high similarity and very little genetic divergence (98–99%) of up to 4–5 bases. In order to ascertain the status of those isolates, detailed morphological comparison is provided along with a pictorial key. A sequence-based phylogeography of haplogroups of Mesorhabditis using the median-joining network method, was also inferred. The results suggested the need for morphological validation of a species before its sequences are deposited in GenBank.
Gathering morphological and molecular data for identifying two species of trematodes from the neotropical Vaillant's frog, Lithobates vaillanti (Amphibia: Ranidae) in the highlands of Chiapas, south-eastern Mexico
Authors: Velázquez-Urrieta Y. , Flores-Villela O.A. , Ochoa-Ochoa L.M. , Pérez-Ponce de León G. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Mexico possesses a large diversity of amphibians partly due to its complex topography and transitional position between the Nearctic and Neotropical biogeographical regions. However, its helminth parasite fauna has been relatively poorly studied. Specimens of the Vaillant's frog, Lithobates vaillanti (Brocchi) were sampled in the tropical rain forest of Nahá, in the Chiapas Highlands, and examined for parasites. Two trematode species were collected from their hosts; morphologically, specimens were allocated to the genera Langeronia Caballero and Bravo-Hollis, 1949 and Haematoloechus Looss, 1899, respectively. Individuals were sequenced for two molecular markers (the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase gene, and the ribosomal gene 28S), and processed for morphological analyses, including scanning electron microscopy. The new evidence was not enough to accomplish the identification at species level of Langeronia sp. due to the lack of sequence data from the type localities of Langeronia parva Christian, 1970 and Langeronia macrocirra Caballero and Bravo-Hollis, 1949. Likewise, the newly generated data were useful to properly identify the adult specimens of lung flukes as Haematoloechus complexus Seely, 1906.
The first modern morphological description of Cercaria pennata and molecular evidence of its synonymy with Pronoprymna ventricosa in the Black Sea
Authors: Belousova Y.V. , Atopkin D.M. , Vodiasova E.A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
During the parasitological examination of molluscs Abra segmentum obtained from the Black Sea basin, parthenitae belonging to the family Faustulidae were found. The cercariae were obtained by natural emergence and were studied using differential interference contrast microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Specimens resemble Cercaria pennata ex Tapes rugatus which was described from the Sevastopol area, in the shape and length of the body, tail length, location and shape of internal organs, suckers, pharynx, testicular rudiments, and the number and position of longitudinal lamellae on the tail finlets. To date, there are only limited descriptions of the parthenitae of C. pennata without detailed measurements, thus the taxonomic position of the individuals studied needs thorough revision and molecular verification. According to the molecular analyses, C. pennata was identical to that of published sequences of Pronoprymna ventricosa.
A new snow leopard record reflects the value of remote protected areas for connectivity
Authors: Wingard Ganchimeg , Oyunbat Rentsen , Zebrowski Joseph , Reading Richard , Garroutte Erica , Tumurbaatar Anandpurev , Otgongotob Bayarsaikhan , Nyamsuren Batsaikhan , Murdoch James D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs wildlife becomes more isolated in human-dominated and rapidly changing environments, species conservation requires investment in landscape connectivity. Identifying stepping stones (discrete areas of suitable habitat that facilitate the movement of dispersing individuals) can help meet connectivity goals. We report the occurrence of the snow leopard Panthera uncia in Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, Mongolia, over 250 km from the nearest known population, one of the easternmost records for the species. Ikh Nart Nature Reserve lies within a region considered highly resistant to movement but harbours high densities of argali sheep Ovis ammon and Siberian ibexes Capra sibirica, both important prey items for snow leopards. This occurrence reveals a new distribution record for the species, the capacity of the species to move across low-quality environments, the value of investment in community conservation and collaborative park management, and the role of remote protected areas such as Ikh Nart Nature Reserve as stepping stones for facilitating population expansion and broader connectivity to other potentially suitable but unoccupied areas.
Associations between maternal postpartum depression and infant temperament in treatment-seeking mothers prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chang Oswin , Huh Kathryn , Savoy Calan D. , Krzeczkowski John E. , Van Lieshout Ryan J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt remains unclear how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the mother–infant relationship and associations between maternal postpartum depression (PPD) and offspring temperament. This study examined the impact of the pandemic on these links and how maternal ratings of the mother–infant relationship mediated associations between PPD and infant temperament in a sample of treatment-seeking mothers in Ontario, Canada before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mothers with infants <12 months of age and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores ≥10 enrolled in two separate randomized controlled trials of 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for PPD conducted before COVID-19 (n = 392) and during the pandemic (n = 403). Mothers reported on depressive symptomatology, infant temperament, and the mother–infant relationship. Maternal PPD was associated with more infant negative affectivity and mother–infant relationship difficulties. While associations between PPD and infant-focused anxiety were stronger during COVID-19, the pandemic did not otherwise affect associations between PPD and infant temperament. Mediation analyses suggested that aspects of the mother-infant relationship mediated associations between PPD and infant negative affectivity. Findings highlight the importance of detecting PPD and intervening to potentially improve outcomes for mothers and their children.
Better understanding determinants of dietary guideline adherence among Dutch adults with varying socio-economic backgrounds through a mixed-methods exploration
Authors: Stuber Josine M , Lakerveld Jeroen , Beulens Joline WJ , Mackenbach Joreintje D 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjective:Low dietary guideline adherence is persistent, but there is limited understanding of how individuals with varying socio-economic backgrounds reach a certain dietary intake. We investigated how quantitative and qualitative data on dietary guidelines adherence correspond and complement each other, to what extent determinants of guideline adherence in quantitative data reflect findings on determinants derived from qualitative data and which of these determinants emerged as interdependent in the qualitative data.Design:This mixed-methods study used quantitative questionnaire data (n 1492) and qualitative data collected via semi-structured telephone interviews (n 24). Quantitative data on determinants and their association with total guideline adherence (scored 0–150) were assessed through linear regression. Directed content analysis was used for qualitative data.Setting:Dutch urban areas.Participants:Adults aged 18–65 years.Results:A range of determinants emerged from both data sources, for example higher levels of cognitive restraint (β 5·6, 95 % CI 4·2, 7·1), habit strength of vegetables (β 4·0, 95 % CI 3·3, 4·7) and cooking skills (β 4·7, 95 % CI 3·5, 5·9), were associated with higher adherence. Qualitative data additionally suggested the influence of food prices, strong dietary habits and the social aspect of eating, and for the determinants cognitive restraint, habit strength related to vegetables, food prices and home cooking, some variation between interviewees with varying socio-economic backgrounds emerged in how these determinants affected guideline adherence.Conclusions:This mixed-methods exploration provides a richer understanding of why adults with varying socio-economic backgrounds do or do not adhere to dietary guidelines. Results can guide future interventions promoting healthy diets across populations.
Answer-Set Programming for Lexicographical Makespan Optimisation in Parallel Machine Scheduling
Authors: EITER THOMAS , GEIBINGER TOBIAS , MUSLIU NYSRET , OETSCH JOHANNES , SKOČOVSKÝ PETER , STEPANOVA DARIA 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe deal with a challenging scheduling problem on parallel machines with sequence-dependent setup times and release dates from a real-world application of semiconductor work-shop production. There, jobs can only be processed by dedicated machines, thus few machines can determine the makespan almost regardless of how jobs are scheduled on the remaining ones. This causes problems when machines fail and jobs need to be rescheduled. Instead of optimising only the makespan, we put the individual machine spans in non-ascending order and lexicographically minimise the resulting tuples. This achieves that all machines complete as early as possible and increases the robustness of the schedule. We study the application of answer-set programming (ASP) to solve this problem. While ASP eases modelling, the combination of timing constraints and the considered objective function challenges current solving technology. The former issue is addressed by using an extension of ASP by difference logic. For the latter, we devise different algorithms that use multi-shot solving. To tackle industrial-sized instances, we study different approximations and heuristics. Our experimental results show that ASP is indeed a promising knowledge representation and reasoning (KRR) paradigm for this problem and is competitive with state-of-the-art constraint programming (CP) and Mixed-Integer Programming (MIP) solvers.