bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social workers’ voluntary political participation: Testing a civic engagement model
Authors: Kim Jangmin , Yoon Hyunwoo , Oh Seung-Hwan 
Published: March 2023

Summary With rapidly changing and complex social problems, social workers’ political participation has received increasing attention in promoting social justice and human rights. However, limited studies have examined significant factors that motivate social workers’ voluntary political participation in South Korea. Furthermore, little is known about how significant factors differ by the different types of voluntary political participation. Drawing on the civic engagement model, this study attempted to fill this research gap by analyzing nationally representative data collected from 4,375 social workers in South Korea in 2020. Findings For the resource domain, social workers’ political information was a significant factor to motivate all types of voluntary political participation especially greater for voting and lobbying. For the psychological engagement domain, social workers’ interest in politics was a strong factor in voting and campaigning. Political efficacy was a significant factor in lobbying and protest activities. When social workers had a radical political ideology, they were more likely to engage in protest activities. For the recruitment network domain, social workers’ membership in a political party significantly increased all types of voluntary political participation except for voting. Applications This study suggests that resources, psychological engagement, and recruitment networks are essential for promoting Korean social workers’ voluntary political participation. However, the effects of the three domains can vary across the different types of voluntary political participation Therefore, social workers should receive a wide range of opportunities to learn and engage in varying types of voluntary political participation through effective social work education, organizational support, and community partnerships.
Implementation of an evidence-based tobacco control intervention for school teachers in India: Evaluating the effects of a capacity-building strategy
Authors: Nagler Eve M. , Pednekar Mangesh , Sinha Dhirendra Narain , Stoddard Anne M. , Narake Sameer , Adhikari Keyuri , Jones Leah , Lando Harry , Vriniotis Mary , Gupta Prakash , Sorensen Glorian 
Published: March 2023

Background Tobacco-Free Teachers, Tobacco-Free Society (TFT-TFS) is an evidence-based intervention that promotes tobacco use cessation among teachers and tobacco control policies among schools in India. This study tested an implementation model to build Bihar Department of Education (DOE) capacity to support and deliver TFT-TFS within schools, leveraging DOE training infrastructure. Method We used a training-of-trainers (TOT) “cascade” implementation strategy to embed the TFT-TFS program into the Bihar DOE infrastructure. We trained 46 Cluster Coordinators to train and support Headmasters to implement TFT-TFS in their schools over one academic year. We selected three school districts, representing approximately 46 clusters and 219 schools. We used the RE-AIM framework to assess program adoption (Headmaster participation in at least one of six TFT-TFS trainings), implementation (of four core program components), and reach (teachers' participation in three or more group discussions). Using a non-inferiority design, we hypothesized that program adoption, implementation, and reach would not be inferior to the high standards demonstrated when TFT-TFS was originally tested in the Bihar School Teachers Study. We used self-reported checklists to measure outcomes and SPSS Version 25 to analyze data. Results For adoption, 94% of Headmasters attended the first training, although participation declined by the sixth training. Among the 112 schools out of 219 with complete Headmaster checklist data, all met our minimum criteria for implementing TFT-TFS. Over 99% of schools posted a school tobacco control policy and distributed quit booklets. However, only 69% of schools met our criteria for program reach. Conclusions This study outlines the processes for taking a tobacco control intervention to scale and implementing it through the Bihar DOE infrastructure. These findings provide a foundation for other Indian states and low- and middle-income countries to implement tobacco control and other health programs for schoolteachers. Trial registration NCT05346991.
Association between obesity and short- and medium-term mortality in critically ill patients with atrial fibrillation: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yang Duo , Ye Shujun , Zhang Kaihong , Huang Zhiliang , Zhang Longsheng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
There has been controversy about how obesity affects the clinical prognosis for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), and the relationship between obesity and outcomes in critically ill patients with AF remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between obesity and short- and medium-term mortality in critically ill patients with AF.

Methods
The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV) database was used to conduct a retrospective cohort analysis on 9282 critically ill patients with AF. Patients were categorized into four groups based on their body mass index (BMI) values: underweight, normal-weight, overweight, and obese. The outcomes of this study were 30-day, 90-day, and 1-year all-cause mortality. Cox proportional-hazards models and restricted cubic spline analyses were performed to investigate the association between BMI and mortality.

Results
For 30-day mortality, after adjustment for all confounding factors, the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the underweight, overweight, and obese categories were 1.58 (1.21, 2.07), 0.82 (0.72, 0.93), and 0.79 (0.68, 0.91), respectively, compared to the normal-weight category. Using multivariable-adjusted restricted cubic spline analysis, an “L-shaped” correlation was observed between BMI and 30-day mortality. For each 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI when BMI was less than 30 kg/m2, the risk of 30-day mortality decreased by 6.4% (HR, 95% CI: 0.936 [0.918, 0.954]; P < 0.001); however, this relationship was not present when BMI was greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2. Similar results were observed for 90-day and 1-year mortality.

Conclusions
There was a nonlinear relationship between BMI and all-cause mortality among critically ill patients with AF. All-cause mortality and the BMI were negatively correlated when the BMI was less than 30 kg/m2.
Gender differences in premature mortality for cardiovascular disease in India, 2017–18
Authors: Kundu Jhumki , James K. S. , Hossain Babul , Chakraborty Ruchira 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The present study tries to provide a comprehensive estimate of gender differences in the years of life lost due to CVD across the major states of India during 2017–18.

Methods
The information on the CVD related data were collected from medical certification of causes of death (MCCD reports, 2018). Apart from this, information from census of India (2001, 2011), SRS (2018) were also used to estimate YLL. To understand the variation in YLL due to CVD at the state level, nine sets of covariates were chosen: share of elderly population, percentage of urban population, literacy rate, health expenditure, social sector expenditure, labour force participation, HDI Score and co-existence of other NCDs such as diabetes, & obesity. The absolute number of YLL and YLL rates were calculated. Further, Pearson’s correlation had been calculated and to understand the effect of explanatory variables on YLL due to CVD, multiple linear regression analysis had been applied.

Results
Men have a higher burden of premature mortality in terms of Years of life lost (YLL) due to CVD than women in India, with pronounced differences at adult ages of 50–54 years and over. The age pattern of YLL rate suggests that the age group 85 + makes the highest contribution to the overall YLL rate due to CVD. YLL rate showed a J-shaped relationship with age, starting high at ages below 1 years, dropping to their lowest among children aged 1–4 years, and rising again to highest levels at 85 + years among both men and women. In all the states except Bihar men had higher estimated YLL due to CVD for all ages than women. Among men the YLL due to CVD was higher in Tamil Nadu followed by Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. On the other hand, the YLL due to CVD among men was lowest in Jharkhand followed by Assam. Similarly, among women the YLL due to CVD was highest in Tamil Nadu followed by Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. While, the YLL due to CVD among women was lowest in Jharkhand. Irrespective of gender, all factors except state health expenditure were positively linked with YLL due to CVD, i.e., as state health expenditure increases, the years of life lost (YLL) due to CVDs falls. Among all the covariates, the proportion of a state's elderly population emerges as the most significant predictor variable for YLL for CVDs (r = 0.42 for men and r = 0.50 for women).

Conclusion
YLL due to cardiovascular disease varies among men and women across the states of India. The state-specific findings of gender differences in years of life lost due to CVD may be used to improve policies and programmes in India.
Therapeutic validity and effectiveness of exercise interventions after lower limb-salvage surgery for sarcoma: a systematic review
Authors: van Kouswijk H. W. , van Keeken H. G. , Ploegmakers J. J. W. , Seeber G. H. , van den Akker-Scheek I. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
An increasing number of patients are surviving sarcoma after lower limb-salvage surgery (LSS) and are left with functional limitations. This systematic review aimed to determine the therapeutic validity and effectiveness of exercise interventions after lower limb-salvage surgery (LSS) for sarcoma.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted using formal narrative synthesis of intervention studies (with and without control group) identified through PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and PEDro databases. Studies were included if participants were treated with LSS for unilateral lower limb sarcoma and followed an exercise intervention using active exercise, physical training, or rehabilitation before and/or after surgery. This review’s outcome measures were interventions’ therapeutic validity, assessed using the CONTENT scale (0 to 9); methodological quality, identified using the Downs & Black checklist (0 to 28); interventions’ effectiveness, assessed based on differences in outcome measures between intervention and control groups; and certainty of evidence, classified according to the GRADE approach.

Results
Seven studies involving 214 participants were included. None of the included interventions were therapeutically valid (median 5, range 1–5). All but one study were of at least fair methodological quality (median 18, range 14–21). There was very low-quality evidence that exercise interventions resulted in increased knee range of motion (MD 10–15°) or compliance (MD 30%), and reduced functionality scores (MD -5%) compared to usual care.

Conclusions
We found overall low therapeutic validity of interventions, performed in overall low-quality studies. Combined with the very low certainty of evidence, the results prevent drawing valid conclusions on the interventions’ effectiveness. Future studies should aim for uniformity among their methodological approaches and outcome measures, using the CONTENT scale as a template to avert insufficient reporting.

Trial registration
PROSPERO CRD42021244635.
Application of machine learning in prediction of bone cement leakage during single-level thoracolumbar percutaneous vertebroplasty
Authors: Deng Guobing , Zhu Jichong , Lu Qing , Liu Chong , Liang Tuo , Jiang Jie , Li Hao , Zhou Chenxing , Wu Shaofeng , Chen Tianyou , Chen Jiarui , Yao Yuanlin , Liao Shian , Yu Chaojie , Huang Shengsheng , Sun Xuhua , Chen Liyi , Ye Zhen , Guo Hao , Chen Wuhua , Jiang Wenyong , Fan Binguang , Yang Zhenwei , Gu Wenfei , Wang Yihan , Zhan Xinli 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
In the elderly, osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) of the thoracolumbar vertebra are common, and percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is a common surgical method after fracture. Machine learning (ML) was used in this study to assist clinicians in preventing bone cement leakage during PVP surgery.

Methods
The clinical data of 374 patients with thoracolumbar OVCFs who underwent single-level PVP at The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou were chosen. It included 150 patients with bone cement leakage and 224 patients without it. We screened the feature variables using four ML methods and used the intersection to generate the prediction model. In addition, predictive models were used in the validation cohort.

Results
The ML method was used to select five factors to create a Nomogram diagnostic model. The nomogram model's AUC was 0.646667, and its C value was 0.647. The calibration curves revealed a consistent relationship between nomogram predictions and actual probabilities. In 91 randomized samples, the AUC of this nomogram model was 0.7555116.

Conclusion
In this study, we invented a prediction model for bone cement leakage in single-segment PVP surgery, which can help doctors in performing better surgery with reduced risk.
SERPINE1 and its co-expressed genes are associated with the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Guo Lingyu , An Tian , Wan Ziyan , Huang Zhixin , Chong Tie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC) is a frequently occurring malignant tumor of the urinary system. Despite extensive research, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and progression of ccRCC remain largely unknown.

Methods
We downloaded 5 ccRCC expression profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and obtained the list of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Using String and Cytoscape tools, we determined the hub genes of ccRCC, and then analyzed their relationship with ccRCC patient survival. Ultimately, we identified SERPINE1 as a prognostic factor in ccRCC. Meanwhile, we confirmed the role of SERPINE1 in 786-O cells by cell transfection and in vitro experiments.

Results
Our analysis yielded a total of 258 differentially expressed genes, comprising 105 down-regulated genes and 153 up-regulated genes. Survival analysis of SERPINE1 expression in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) confirmed its association with the increase of tumor grade, lymph node metastasis, and tumor stage, as well as with shorter survival. Furthermore, we found that SERPINE1 expression levels were associated with CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, B cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. Cell experiments showed that knockdown SERPINE1 expression could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of ccRCC cells. Among the co-expressed genes with the highest correlation, ITGA5, SLC2A3, SLC2A14, SHC1, CEBPB, and ADA were overexpressed and associated with shorter overall survival (OS) in ccRCC.

Conclusions
In this study, we identified hub genes that are strongly related to ccRCC, and highlights the potential utility of overexpressed SERPINE1 and its co-expressed genes could be used as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers in ccRCC.
Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infections and associated factors among women living with HIV in Shashemene town public health facilities, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Megersa Tariku , Dango Sisay , Kumsa Kebede , Lemma Kebebew , Lencha Bikila 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Every year, large number of women are suffering from cervical cancer. Particularly women living with HIV are at high-risk of being suffered with it. Early testing of high-risk human papillomavirus infection can significantly reduce the incidence of cervical cancer. However, lack of early and regular testing has been identified as one of the major problems among risky populations.

Methods
Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among women living with HIV in Shashemene town public health facilities with a total sample size of 406 from February 1–March 30, 2022. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the study subjects. A structured questionnaire and checklist was used to collect data. The collected data were cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi-info version 7.2.5 and exported to statistical package for social science version 24 for analysis. Finally, bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify determinants of high-risk human papillomavirus. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to test association between exposure and outcome under study and p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results
The prevalence of high-risk HPV infections among study participant was 173(35.2%) with 95% CI (30.5%-40.1%). Prevalence of high-risk HPV type 16, 18 and other high-risk HPV types were 62(15.3%), 23(5.7%) and 58(14.3%), respectively. Having history of sexually transmitted infections [AOR = 3.120; 95% CI (1.977–4.923)], Endline CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3 [AOR = 3.072; 95% CI(1.009–9.350)], Endline HIV viral-load ≥ 50 copies/ml [AOR = 3.446; 95% CI(1.368–8.683)] and more than one-lifetime sexual partner [AOR = 2.112; 95% CI(1.297–3.441)] were significantly associated with high-risk HPV infections.

Conclusion
More than one third of women living with HIV had high-risk HPV. Having history of STI, low CD4 count, high viral load and multiple sexual partners were associated with high risk HPV. HIV positive women with these risk factors should be given special consideration in clinical and public health intervention.
A health communication campaign for prevention of osteoporosis in rural elderly women
Authors: Dastmanesh Solmaz , Karimi Masoud , Ghahremani Leila , Seif Mozhgan , Zare Elahe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundOsteoporosis, as the most common metabolic disease and the leading cause of death among older people, affects more than 200 million women throughout the world. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a health communication campaign on knowledge, attitude, and practice of older women towards prevention and control of osteoporosis.MethodsIn this multi-stage mixed methods study, 30 days’ health communication campaign for prevention of osteoporosis was conducted on 60- 75-year-old women, in rural areas of Fasa, Iran. Subjects were divided into two groups, control (n = 103) and intervention (n = 98). Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS 25.0. The significance level was set at < 0.05.ResultsInter-group group analysis revealed that the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice were not significantly different between the two groups before the intervention, but after the intervention, unlike the behavior (P = 0.569), mean scores of knowledge (p < 0.001) and attitude (p < 0.001) of the intervention group were significantly more than the control group. Intra-group comparisons showed that, unlike the control group, the mean scores of knowledge (p < 0.001), attitudes (p < 0.001), and behavior (P < 0.001) increased significantly in the intervention group.ConclusionsHealth communication campaign is an effective way to change the knowledge and attitude and to a lesser extent the practice of the eldery toward prevention and control of osteoporosis.
Creating a sport and exercise medicine undergraduate syllabus: a delphi study
Authors: Vishnubala Dane , Iqbal Adil , Marino Katherine , Pandya Tej , Salman David , Pringle Andy , Nykjaer Camilla , Bazira Peter , Eastwood David , Finn Gabrielle 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) is a growing speciality in the United Kingdom (UK). This growth has not been replicated in SEM teaching at an undergraduate level and SEM-related topics in schools of medicine in the UK are under-represented. As SEM continues to develop as a specialty it is important to consider how it is embedded at all levels of training. The aim of this project was to establish a consensus on SEM-related skills and knowledge relevant for undergraduate medical students in the UK, ultimately creating a curriculum of learning objectives (LOs).

Methods
A modified Delphi survey was utilised to seek consensus on LOs suitable for incorporation into UK medical school curricula. An expert panel with adequate knowledge in the field was recruited. The initial curriculum was created by the research team using already established postgraduate SEM curricula. All learning objectives were sent to the expert panel for opinions in phases. Levels of agreement and comments made by the expert panel were reviewed after each phase until a consensus on each learning objective was made.

Results
The expert panel was made up of 45 individuals, with 35 also completing phase 2 (78% retention rate). The initial curriculum contained 58 learning objectives separated into 9 themes. In phase 1 31% (18/58) were accepted outright, 48% (28/58) were altered and 19% (11/58) were rejected. Two additional learning objectives were added. Of the 49 LOs included in phase 2, 98% (48/49) were accepted. The final curriculum was made up of 9 sub-themes and 48 LOs.

Conclusion
Sport and Exercise Medicine is a broad ranging and rapidly growing speciality. It is important to establish SEM education in all levels of medical education, including undergraduate level. This is the first published version of a Delphi SEM curriculum for undergraduate medical teaching.
Why and how has the United Kingdom become a high producer of health inequalities research over the past 50 years? A realist explanatory case study
Authors: Cash-Gibson Lucinda , Martinez-Herrera Eliana , Benach Joan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Evidence on health inequalities has been growing over the past few decades, yet the capacity to produce research on health inequalities varies between countries worldwide and needs to be strengthened. More in-depth understanding of the sociohistorical, political and institutional processes that enable this type of research and related research capacity to be generated in different contexts is needed. A recent bibliometric analysis of the health inequalities research field found inequalities in the global production of this type of research. It also found the United Kingdom to be the second-highest global contributor to this research field after the United States. This study aims to understand why and how the United Kingdom, as an example of a “high producer” of health inequalities research, has been able to generate so much health inequalities research over the past five decades, and which main mechanisms might have been involved in generating this specific research capacity over time.

Methods
We conducted a realist explanatory case study, which included 12 semi-structured interviews, to test six theoretical mechanisms that we proposed might have been involved in this process. Data from the interviews and grey and scientific literature were triangulated to inform our findings.

Results
We found evidence to suggest that at least four of our proposed mechanisms have been activated by certain conditions and have contributed to the health inequalities research production process in the United Kingdom over the past 50 years. Limited evidence suggests that two new mechanisms might have potentially also been at play.

Conclusions
Valuable learning can be established from this case study, which explores the United Kingdom’s experience in developing a strong national health inequalities research tradition, and the potential mechanisms involved in this process. More research is needed to explore additional facilitating and inhibiting mechanisms and other factors involved in this process in this context, as well as in other settings where less health inequalities research has been produced. This type of in-depth knowledge could be used to guide the development of new health inequalities research capacity-strengthening strategies and support the development of novel approaches and solutions aiming to tackle health inequalities.