bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lowered muscle glycogen reduces body mass with no effect on short‐term exercise performance in men
Authors: Schytz Camilla Tvede , Ørtenblad Niels , Birkholm Thor Andersen , Plomgaard Peter , Nybo Lars , Kolnes Kristoffer Jensen , Andersen Ole Emil , Lundby Carsten , Nielsen Joachim , Gejl Kasper Degn 
Published: March 2023

Performance in short‐duration sports is highly dependent on muscle glycogen, but the total degradation is only moderate and considering the water‐binding property of glycogen, unnecessary storing of glycogen may cause an unfavorable increase in body mass. To investigate this, we determined the effect of manipulating dietary carbohydrates (CHO) on muscle glycogen content, body mass, and short‐term exercise performance. In a randomized and counterbalanced cross‐over design, twenty‐two men completed two maximal cycle tests of either 1‐min (n = 10) or 15‐min (n = 12) duration with different pre‐exercise muscle glycogen levels. Glycogen manipulation was initiated three days prior to the tests by exercise‐induced glycogen depletion followed by ingestion of a moderate (M‐CHO) or high (H‐CHO) CHO‐diet. Subjects were weighed before each test, and muscle glycogen content was determined in biopsies from m. vastus lateralis before and after each test. Pre‐exercise muscle glycogen content was lower following M‐CHO than H‐CHO (367 mmol · kg−1 DW vs. 525 mmol · kg−1 DW, p < 0.00001), accompanied by a 0.7 kg lower body mass (p < 0.00001). No differences were observed in performance between diets in neither the 1‐min (p = 0.33) nor the 15‐min (p = 0.99) test. In conclusion, pre‐exercise muscle glycogen content and body mass were lower after ingesting moderate compared with high amounts of CHO, while short‐term exercise performance was unaffected. This demonstrates that adjusting pre‐exercise glycogen levels to the requirements of competition may provide an attractive weight management strategy in weight‐bearing sports, particularly in athletes with high resting glycogen levels.
Crimes against non‐human animals: Examining dog fighting in the UK and the USA through a green criminology perspective
Authors: Walliss John 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article reviews the social scientific literature published between the late 1990s and 2021 on the illegal ‘sport’ of dog fighting in the UK and USA. Adopting a green criminological perspective, it argues that studying dog fighting is important for understanding the ways in which this form of animal cruelty contributes to a range of social and animal harms. The review is structured in five sections. The first situates the review theoretically by introducing key ideas within green criminology that will inform the discussion. The next section presents a typology of the different levels of dog fighting in both countries. The third section then explores both the motivations of contemporary dog fighters, as well as the justifications they deploy to defend their ‘sport’ to outsiders. The fourth section then adopts a green criminological perspective to explore the various social and animal harms associated with dog fighting. The final section then brings the threads of the discussion together and highlights some directions for future research.
ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2 and ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2‐LIKE are partially redundant genes and essential for fruit development in tomato
Authors: Dong Rongrong , Yuan Yaqin , Liu Zhiqiang , Sun Shuai , Wang Haijing , Ren Huazhong , Cui Xia , Li Ren 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYFruit size and shape are controlled by genes expressed during the early developmental stages of fruit. Although the function of ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2 (AS2) in promoting leaf adaxial cell fates has been well characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana, the molecular mechanisms conferring freshy fruit development as a spatial–temporal expression gene in tomato pericarp remain unclear. In the present study, we verified the transcription of SlAS2 and SlAS2L, two homologs of AS2, in the pericarp during early fruit development. Disruption of SlAS2 or SlAS2L caused a significant decrease in pericarp thickness as a result of a reduction in the number of pericarp cell layers and cell area, leading to smaller tomato fruit size, which revealed their critical roles in tomato fruit development. In addition, leaves and stamens exhibited severe morphological defects in slas2 and slas2l single mutants, as well as in the double mutants. These results demonstrated the redundant and pleiotropic functions of SlAS2 and SlAS2L in tomato fruit development. Yeast two‐hybrid and split‐luciferase complementation assays showed that both SlAS2 and SlAS2L physically interact with SlAS1. Molecular analyses further indicated that SlAS2 and SlAS2L regulate various downstream genes in leaf and fruit development, and that some genes participating in the regulation of cell division and cell differentiation in the tomato pericarp are affected by these genes. Our findings demonstrate that SlAS2 and SlAS2L are vital transcription factors required for tomato fruit development.
Ornithine δ‐aminotransferase OsOAT is critical for male fertility and cold tolerance during rice plant development
Authors: Yan Wei , Yuan Shuting , Zu Yazhou , Chang Zhenyi , Li Yiqi , Chen Zhufeng , Xie Gang , Chen Lei , Lu Changqing , Deng Xing Wang , Yang Chengwei , Xu Chunjue , Tang Xiaoyan 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYCold stress is a major factor limiting the production and geographical distribution of rice (Oryza sativa) varieties. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying cold tolerance remain to be elucidated. Here, we report that ornithine δ‐aminotransferase (OsOAT) contributes to cold tolerance during the vegetative and reproductive development of rice. osoat mutant was identified as a temperature‐sensitive male sterile mutant with deformed floral organs and seedlings sensitive to cold stress. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that OsOAT mutation and cold treatment of the wild‐type plant led to similar changes in the global gene expression profiles in anthers. OsOAT genes in indica rice Huanghuazhan (HHZ) and japonica rice Wuyungeng (WYG) are different in gene structure and response to cold. OsOAT is cold‐inducible in WYG but cold‐irresponsive in HHZ. Further studies showed that indica varieties carry both WYG‐type and HHZ‐type OsOAT, whereas japonica varieties mostly carry WYG‐type OsOAT. Cultivars carrying HHZ‐type OsOAT are mainly distributed in low‐latitude regions, whereas varieties carrying WYG‐type OsOAT are distributed in both low‐ and high‐latitude regions. Moreover, indica varieties carrying WYG‐type OsOAT generally have higher seed‐setting rates than those carrying HHZ‐type OsOAT under cold stress at reproductive stage, highlighting the favorable selection for WYG‐type OsOAT during domestication and breeding to cope with low temperatures.
The AtERF19 gene regulates meristem activity and flower organ size in plants
Authors: Li Pei‐Fang , Zhan Yong‐Xiang , Wang Jou‐Chen , Cheng Yen‐Hsuan , Hsu Wei‐Han , Hsu Hsing‐Fun , Chen Wei‐Han , Yang Chang‐Hsien 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYEthylene‐responsive factors (ERFs) have diverse functions in the regulation of various plant developmental processes. Here, we demonstrate the dual role of an Arabidopsis ERF gene, AtERF19, in regulating reproductive meristem activity and flower organ size through the regulation of genes involved in CLAVATA–WUSCHEL (CLV–WUS) and auxin signaling, respectively. We found that AtERF19 stimulated the formation of flower primordia and controlled the number of flowers produced by activating WUS and was negatively regulated by CLV3. 35S::AtERF19 expression resulted in significantly more flowers, whereas 35S::AtERF19 + SRDX dominant‐negative mutants produced fewer flowers. In addition, AtERF19 also functioned to control flower organ size by promoting the division/expansion of the cells through activating Small Auxin Up RNA Gene 32 (SAUR32), which positively regulated MYB21/24 in the auxin signaling pathway. 35S::AtERF19 and 35S::SAUR32 resulted in similarly larger flowers, whereas 35S::AtERF19 + SRDX and 35S::SAUR32‐RNAi mutants produced smaller flowers than the wild type. The functions of AtERF19 were confirmed by the production of similarly more and larger flowers in 35S::AtERF19 transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) and in transgenic Arabidopsis which ectopically expressed the orchid gene (Nicotiana benthamiana) PaERF19 than in wild‐type plants. The finding that AtERF19 regulates genes involved in both CLV–WUS and auxin signaling during flower development significantly expands the current knowledge of the multifunctional evolution of ERF genes in plants. The results presented in this work indicate a dual role for the transcription factor AtERF19 in controlling the number of flowers produced and flower organ size through the regulation of genes involved in CLV–WUS and auxin signaling, respectively. Our findings expand the knowledge of the roles of ERF genes in the regulation of reproductive development.
Mycobacterium haemophiluminfection in canine cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: De New Kara M. , Coates Joan R. , Wellehan Jim , Gull Tamara , Childress April , Anderson Melanie N. , Royal Angela B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA 4‐year‐old female spayed Australian cattle dog was presented to the Emergency Service at the University of Missouri Veterinary Health Center Small Animal Hospital for generalized pain and lethargy. At presentation, the dog showed severe cervical spinal pain and thoracic limb deficits consistent with a multifocal neuroanatomic localization. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine revealed T2 and T1 postcontrast intense signal extending from the level of the medulla through C5 most marked in the caudal brainstem and cranial cervical spinal cord. The suspected diagnosis was severe meningoencephalomyelitis and secondary edema. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from the cerebellomedullary cistern revealed a marked mixed pleocytosis with intralesional structures morphologically consistent withMycobacteriumsp. Standard DNA PCR assay performed on the CSF yielded the presence ofMycobacterium haemophilum. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of CNS mycobacteriosis diagnosed on CSF analysis in a dog.
Associations between plant-based diets, plant foods and botanical supplements with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Ustick Jessica , Chakos Kaitlin , Jia Hejingzi , Hanneke Rosie , DiPiazza Brittany , Koenig Mary Dawn , Ma Jun , Man Bernice , Tussing-Humphreys Lisa , Burton Tristesse Catessa Jasmin 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common health complications during pregnancy. Medical nutrition therapy is the mainstay of treatment for GDM, however, there is no current consensus on optimal dietary approaches to prevent or control hyperglycaemia in pregnancy. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the relationships between plant-based dietary patterns, plant foods and botanical dietary supplements with GDM and maternal glycaemic biomarkers.Methods and analysisA predefined search strategy was used on 16 June 2021, to search PubMed, Embase and CINAHL Plus with Full Text (EBSCOhost), as well as ClinicalTrials.gov, for studies published as original articles in English. Articles will be included if they are human observational studies or clinical trials and will be excluded if they are review articles or conference abstracts. We will use Cochrane’s risk of bias tools for interventions that are parallel arm (Risk of Bias tool for randomised trials version 2 (RoB 2)) and single arm, non-randomised intervention studies (Risk of Bias In Non-randomised Studies-of Interventions (ROBINS-I)). For observational, case–control and cross-sectional studies, we will use the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s quality assessment tools. Data will be synthesised in a narrative format describing significant results as well as presenting the results of the quality assessment of studies.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review does not require ethical approval as primary data will not be collected. The review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated electronically and in print.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022306915.
Development of a Novel Recombinant Full-Length IgY Monoclonal Antibody against Human Thymidine Kinase 1 for Automatic Chemiluminescence Analysis on a Sandwich Biotin-Streptavidin Platform for Early Tumour Discovery
Authors: Wang Xiangbin , Li Shan , Zhao Rui , Li Huijun , Gao Peng , Jin Cuicui , Fang Cong , Liu Yongping , Hei Ailian , Zhou Ji , Li Jin , He Ellen , Skog Sven 
Published: March 2023

Serum thymidine kinase 1 protein (STK1p) concentration has been used successfully as a reliable proliferating serum biomarker in early tumour discovery and clinical settings. It is detected by an enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) dot blot assay with the biotin-streptavidin (BSA) platform (a gold standard) based on chicken anti-human thymidine kinase 1 IgY polyclonal antibody (hTK1-IgY-pAb). However, ECL dot blotting is a semiautomatic method that has been limited to large-scale applications due to the differences among batches of antibodies from individual hens, and the skill level of operation technicians sometimes results in unstable STK1p values. Therefore, a highly stable recombinant chicken full-length IgY monoclonal antibody in combination with a fully automated sandwich biotin-streptavidin (sandwich-BSA) platform was developed. Hens were immunized with 31-peptide, a key sequence of human TK1 (hTK1), before constructing an immune phage display scFv library. Finally, a recombinant full-length IgY monoclonal antibody (hTK1-IgY-rmAb#5) with high-affinity binding with human recombinant TK1 (rhTK1) (

3.95
×

10

−
10

mol/L), high sensitivity with hTK1 calibrators (slope of linear curve: 89.98), and high specificity with low/elevated STK1p (

r
≈
0.92

-0.963) was identified. hTK1-IgY-rmAb#5 showed a specific immune response with thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) in TK1-positive/negative cell lysates by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in normal and cancer tissues. In particular, the detection of TK1 serum samples from health centres showed a high coincidence rate (

r
=
0.988
,
n
=
90

) between hTK1-IgY-rmAb#5 and hTK1-IgY-pAb and between the semiautomatic ECL dot blot BSA platform and the novel automatic chemiluminescence sandwich-BSA platform (

r
=
0.857
,
n
=
292

). hTK1-IgY-rmAb#5 is stable and highly sensitive for detecting the lowest STK1p value at 0.01 pmol/L (pM). The accuracy is high (

SD
<
2.5
%

) between different batches. It is easy to use the novel hTK1-IgY-rmAb#5 on a new automatic chemiluminescence sandwich-BSA platform. It will be beneficial for large-scale health screenings.
Un chapitre négligé de la dérivation nominale du grec ancien
Authors: Nieto Izquierdo Enrique 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article offers a lexical study of the abbreviated simple personal names in Ancient Greek. Rarer than abbreviated compound names and usually neglected in scientific literature, they can be sorted in different lexical categories: short forms related to gods’ names and their derivatives, which are the commonest, ethnics, and, finally, other vocabulary, mainly descriptive adjectives and names of animals and different objects.
Users’ Experiences of a Web-Based Suicide Prevention Program for College Students: a Mixed Methods Approach
Authors: Shinde Freyana , Wagani Rekha , Sasidhar Kalyan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The current pandemic has remarkably increased the dependence on digital interfaces for mental health. This dependency calls for a strong need to check the efficacy of such digital platforms under various contexts. An evaluation study was conducted with participants in an online web-based suicide prevention intervention program named Happetite. The program was found to be not only accessible, but also provided appropriate interventions by processing the inputs from users.
Dilemmas Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mbulayi Shingirai P. , Makuyana Abigail , Zindi B. , Kang’ethe Simon M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Public hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccines stands out as an obstinate barrier to Zimbabwe’s ability to stamp out the ongoing pandemic and steer the country back to socioeconomic normalcy and stability. This qualitative study unpacked the hesitancy factors associated with the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines in Zimbabwe. The study used an exploratory research design and collected its data from social media platforms. Findings demonstrated that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy posed some significant challenges in Zimbabwe. Indications were that hesitancy towards the vaccines was informed by a plurality of factors, which inter alia included safety and efficacy concerns, perceived social character of the vaccine basing on its country of origin, accessibility, people’s socio-cultural and religious beliefs, as well as factors relating to the administrative aspects of the vaccination program. Social work has an important role to play in educating and promoting society to embrace vaccines. This is because continued defiance and/or delay in the uptake of the vaccines is tantamount to mortgaging people’s lives and livelihoods on the altar of fear and baseless hesitancy.
The Post-deconstructive Concept of Evidence
Authors: Garrido Wainer Juan Manuel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The general objective of this essay is to systematize Jean-Luc Nancy’s post- deconstructive reflections on the concept of evidence. A general claim of this paper is that the post-deconstructive concept of evidence is genuinely an epistemic concept of evidence insofar as it refers to structures involved in verification processes. Evidence is the presentation of a state of affairs that relates the presentation not only to what we claim about this state of affairs but also to the singular circumstances of its production. Verification (the production of a claim’s truth) results directly from the singularities involved in the production or presentation of evidence. This means that evidence is never exhausted in the truth it produces or the knowledge it validates but remains a priori exposed or available to produce and validate unknown knowledge about unknown states of affairs.
The Impossible Possibility of Community
Authors: Rogozinski Jacob 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The author analyzes the deconstruction of the community carried out by Jean-Luc Nancy. For Nancy, the aim of the community has been historically accomplished by its self-destruction in the “work of death” of totalitarianism. This does not lead him to renounce the notion of community, like Derrida, but to highlight its paradoxical (im-)possibility. This is why Nancy proposes the concept of a “community without community” which would retain only the cum of the communitas, the with of being-with or being in-common. The author shows that this approach is subject to aporias. Indeed, Nancy wants to base being-with on an ontology of bodily touch. As he considers touching as distancing, displacement, he fails to understand the cum, that is to say the possibility of constituting a community.
Adjudication of International Trade Disputes: From Success to Crisis. What’s Next?
Authors: Sacerdoti Giorgio 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The WTO Appellate Body ceased to operate at the beginning of 2020, leading to the semi-paralysis of the WTO’s well-functioning dispute settlement system as a consequence of the blockage of the appointment of its members by the US.
This article traces back to the development of trade adjudication within the broader process of the “judicialization” of international relations, from the GATT to the WTO, highlighting the latter’s innovations and successful functioning for more than 20 years.
The US-led paralysis has evidenced the fragility of international adjudication when faced with powerful opposition. It remains to be seen whether the support for revitalizing the WTO and its dispute settlement system expressed by the WTO Members at the Ministerial Conference of June 2022 will result in reinstating a functioning system, capable of meeting the needs of international trade in a global but increasingly politicized and fractured context.
Informal Communications to the International Court of Justice in Cases of Non-appearance
Authors: Eichberger Fabian Simon 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In recent years, the non-appearance of respondent States has been experiencing a renaissance before the ICJ. Frequently, the practice is concomitant with informal communications by the non-participating party to the Court. The ICJ has been rather generous in considering such communications in light of the obligation under Article 53(2) of its Statute to examine comprehensively and proprio motu its jurisdiction and the merits in cases of non-appearance.
However, informal communications force the Court into a dilemma. For one, they challenge the equality of the parties and the good administration of justice. More generally, taking too lenient an approach allows non-participating States to “have their cake and eat it too”: they try to delegitimize the proceedings while simultaneously presenting their position in a favourable light. This article, therefore, encourages the Court to take a more formal approach regarding informal communications while respecting its duties under Article 53(2) of the Statute.
In the Pursuit of High Purposes: The International Court of Justice, Obligations Erga Omnes and the Prohibition of Genocide
Authors: Figueredo Corrales René 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The ICJ has asserted that the prohibition of genocide generates both obligations erga omnes and obligations erga omnes partes. While it has recently referred to the question of standing and the erga omnes partes character of the obligations under the Genocide Convention in The Gambia v. Myanmar case, the Court has not yet addressed this question from the perspective of the prohibition of genocide as an obligation erga omnes in a broader context. Hence, the purpose of this article is to examine whether the erga omnes character of the prohibition of genocide under general international law confers upon States a right of standing to invoke State responsibility before the Court, provided that certain conditions are met. Three instances are envisaged through which this could be possible, but for the time being, The Gambia v. Myanmar case remains the most representative one in this matter.
State Immunity in Norwegian Courts
Authors: Motzfeldt Kravik Andreas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The article seeks to clarify the scope of state immunity in civil proceedings before Norwegian courts based on recent jurisprudence and other sources of law, both domestic and international. While the concept of restrictive state immunity is now widely seen as settled law, determining the boundaries between government and private acts, and thus the precise scope of state immunity, is inherently challenging. The article examines recent Norwegian case law on state immunity, highlighting commonalities and inconsistencies in the jurisprudence, including with respect to the courts’ reliance on the 2004 United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and Their Property, which Norway has ratified. The article concludes that the 2004 Convention has, in whole or in part, achieved customary law status and represents a major step forward towards a truly global framework within which national courts can adjudicate state immunity. The article concludes that future cases on state immunity before Norwegian courts should be adjudicated on the basis of the 2004 Convention.