bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Han Irene 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Introduction lays out the stakes of the book’s intervention and with whom the author is in conversation. It explains that the author puts herself in dialogue with the readings and thought of Gilles Deleuze and Luce Irigaray. As much as the author creatively engages Deleuze’s “reversal of Platonism” (for, in his essay on the Sophist, he explicitly wrote of Plato as the first to undo Platonism), the author is also creatively working with Irigaray’s mimetic undoing of Plato, especially Irigaray’s reading of the Republic. Irigaray’s reading of the cave is paradigmatic in undoing Plato through a mimetic immanent critique. The Introduction also makes clear the force of the author’s intervention: this theoretical intervention allows us to reconcile the “major tradition,” “emerging out of Plato and Aristotle and leading forth into Aquinas, Descartes, Kant, Hegel, Husserl and Heidegger” with the “minor tradition,” which includes atomism, Stoicism, Hume, Nietzsche, Bergson, and Deleuze, who “seemed to be part of the history of philosophy, but who escaped from it in one respect, or altogether….” The author’s reading brings to light a more complex vision of Plato, whom we can conceive of not as one of the founders of oppression in Western thought, with a tendency toward phallogocentrism, but rather as a source of its deconstruction and of the undoing of power structures; his thought leaves space for lines of horizontality, which level out the verticality of various hierarchies.
Throne-and-Altar Decadence
Authors: Murray Alex 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores Decadent attitudes to the English and British Crown, tracing an arc from the medieval period to the death of Queen Victoria and the ascension of King Edward VII, arguing that Decadent writers used their investment in the monarchical past as a means of critiquing bourgeois modernity and Protestant morality in the present. Beginning with Frederick Rolfe’s alternative history of medieval England, before exploring Decadent responses to the Civil War, Puritanism, the Restoration, and the Glorious Revolution, the chapter demonstrates how the interest of writers such as Lionel Johnson and Louise Imogen Guiney in the House of Stuart was integral to their rejection of Victorian democracy. It concludes with these writers’ largely negative evaluations of Queen Victoria and their optimism that the ascension of Edward VII might roll back the democratizing drive of modernity.
Folk Decadence
Authors: Murray Alex 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the ways in which Decadent writers celebrated folk tradition and ritual, in particular through the use of Gothic tropes and forms. The context for their Gothic turn to the past was the rise of anthropology and ethnography in the period, attempting to rationalize away the spiritual and communal function of mysticism and belief. The chapter examines W. B. Yeats’s utilization of folk tradition as a means of critiquing modernity. Like Yeats, Arthur Machen excoriated mythologists and anthropologists as he developed his own aesthetic of Decadent folk wonder. The chapter goes on to explore how Machen’s commitment to tradition and folk practices, including games, riddles, cooking, and storytelling led in the 1920s to an ever more reactionary world view.
China
Authors: Xing Chunbing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the evolution of China’s industrial and occupational structure in the last two decades and its impact on wage inequality. We find that non-routine cognitive and interpersonal tasks have increased, while routine cognitive tasks first increased and then declined. Occupation structural change is accompanying rising wage inequality. The wage premium for educated workers rose sharply in the 1990s and remained high thereafter. Occupations with high routine-task intensity are associated with lower wages. While the return to education has become the largest contributor to wage inequality, routine-task intensities have yet to play a significant role.
Causalism under the Microscope
Authors: Sartorio Carolina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the nature of causalism itself. By comparing causalism with physicalism about the mental, the chapter defends a characterization of causalism in terms of a central grounding claim. It then discusses some consequences of that interpretation: one is that causalism allows for the relevance of any further grounds (the grounds of the relevant causal facts); another is that causalism is itself neutral on the nature of causation and related metaphysical debates. This generates a question about how to accommodate omissions, and absences more generally, within the causalist conception, while still remaining neutral on the ongoing debate about the causal powers of absences. The chapter ends with a proposal about how to do this by appealing to a fallback view: “quasi-causalism” (a view that still respects the essence of causalism).
Korean Women Philosophers and the Ideal of a Female Sage
Authors: Ivanhoe Philip J. , Wang Hwa Yeong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Korean Women Philosophers and the Ideal of a Female Sage: The Essential of Writings of Im Yunjidang and Gang Jeongildang introduces the lives and thought of two Korean women Confucian philosophers from the late Joseon dynasty (eighteenth to nineteenth centuries), Im Yunjidang 任允摯堂 (1721–1793) and Gang Jeongildang 姜靜一堂 (1772–1832), and sketches some of the ways their work can contribute to contemporary philosophical inquiry. Both women are known for arguing, on the basis of distinctively Confucian philosophical claims about the original, pure moral nature shared by all human beings, that women are as capable as men of attaining the highest forms of intellectual and moral achievement and thereby can become female sages (yeoseong, 女聖). The fact that they lived in a highly patriarchal culture presented special challenges, but the conditions of their individual lives offered unique opportunities and exerted different kinds of pressure upon them, which subsequently was manifested in their distinctive versions of a generally shared vision. This book explores how they were able to overcome both the general and particular challenges of their place and time and go on to live impressive and exemplary lives. It also shows how their resistance and response to the patriarchal context of late Joseon society and the different challenges they faced in the course of their individual lives informed the content and style of their philosophy and produced original philosophy that remains of great value to us today.
Discourses (論)
Authors: Ivanhoe Philip J. , Wang Hwa Yeong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This section contains eleven discourses written by Im Yunjidang. The discourse is a genre found among the writings of many orthodox neo-Confucians. It usually takes up and discusses some well-known historical figures, often rendering an assessment of their character and actions. Many discourses employ the literary technique of dialogue to advance their analysis, and this is the case with several of Yunjidang’s discourses.
Works on the Meaning of the Classics (Gyeongui; C. Jingyi經義)
Authors: Ivanhoe Philip J. , Wang Hwa Yeong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This section contains two works that offer comments on selected passages from the Great Learning and the Doctrine of the Mean, respectively, and which aim to convey the core teachings of these two important classics. These works represent a genre of writing that one expects to find in the oeuvre of every neo-Confucian scholar. Nevertheless, no other woman from the traditional period in China or Korea has left behind comparable writings.
Social Media and the Social Brain
Authors: Andrews Mary E. , Pei Rui , Lauharatanahirun Nina , Paul Alexandra M. , Falk Emily B. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Social connection is a fundamental need for humans, and social media offer one way for humans to meet some social and emotional needs. Emerging research explains some of the ways that social media engage brain systems that support or interfere with humans’ motivation and ability to connect with others. This chapter reviews evidence tying social and emotional brain systems, including the reward-value and mentalizing brain systems, to common motivations associated with social media use: information sharing, receiving social approval and disapproval, and learning about the networked social world. Social and emotional needs, social media use, and the brain also change over developmental periods. Hence, the authors conclude the chapter by highlighting the need for additional study on the intersection of social media, emotional experiences, and the brain during adolescence.
The Role of Emotion in Maladaptive Internet Use
Authors: Rains Stephen A. , Tokunaga Robert S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines maladaptive internet use. Maladaptive internet use is defined as patterns of internet use that routinely create problems for users. The authors review the history of maladaptive internet use, followed by a discussion of three distinct perspectives of this phenomenon: the disease model, the cognitive-behavioral model, and the social-cognitive explanation. Special attention is given to the role of affective states as antecedents and outcomes of maladaptive internet use. The state of contemporary scholarship on this topic is then evaluated, focusing on recent trends and methodological limitations. The chapter concludes with a discussion of gaps in the literature and directions for future research on maladaptive internet use.
Mismeasuring Incas
Authors: Heaney Christopher 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the late 1830s Philadelphia surgeon Samuel George Morton decapitated a mummified “Inca” woman to measure her skull and study her “race.” A “founding father” of both scientific racism and American anthropology, Morton collected more “Ancient Peruvian” skulls than any other group; his Crania Americana drew from centuries of Peruvian scholarship, and the active culture of grave-robbing and collecting that since independence had disinterred Andean mummies and skulls from a preserving environment. But after arguing the Incas proved that the “American race” was capable of complex “civilization,” Morton abandoned this supposed contradiction of racial laws to instead claim that they promised the extinction of all Indigenous peoples. To debate his theories, early anthropologists likewise collected more “Ancient Peruvian” skulls than any other Indigenous group—an Andean core in museums like the Smithsonian and Harvard’s Peabody Museum. These Peruvian ancestors of American anthropology shaped the accumulation of Indigenous remains in general.
Trepanning Incas
Authors: Heaney Christopher 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In 1863 an American archaeologist acquired a skull from a Peruvian antiquarian in Cuzco, inciting a debate over the antiquity and complexity of surgery worldwide. The skull had been found in the Inca estate of Yucay, and the quadrilateral hole in its frontal bone suggested that it had been trepanned—a medical operation to relieve pressure upon the brain. This chapter retraces the dialogue over Inca cranial surgery that skull incited as it moved from Cuzco to New York and Paris, inspiring a search for further “ancient” trepanned skulls in Peru and worldwide. While some scholars doubted the skull’s legitimacy, a surgeon named Manuel A. Muñiz relied upon rural grave-openers to find another nineteen, which he displayed at the Chicago World’s Fair of 1893. The US Bureau of American Ethnology reinterpreted them as medical quackery, however, showing how American anthropology subjected more ample knowledges of Indigenous peoples to supremacist hierarchies.
Decapitating Incas
Authors: Heaney Christopher 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter reconsiders Peruvian archaeologist and museum-builder Julio César Tello (1880–1947) in light of four hundred years of global encounter over Andean ancestors. It shows how Tello, a surgeon of Indigenous descent, followed those ancestors to Harvard with a massive skull collection of his own, and used his training in Americanist anthropology to focus on trepanation—a cranial surgery that linked his ancestors in Huarochirí to the bundled mummies of Paracas, whom he discovered and adopted as scientific ancestors in 1925. In showing how Andean peoples had always been surgeons and scientists, Tello pushed against the Hispanist racism of fellow Peruvians, as well as the “polygenist” anthropology and collecting practices of foreign scholars like the Smithsonian’s Aleš Hrdlička. And in insisting upon an archaeology that made Andean bodies a foundation of the Peruvian nation, he helped the Peruvian state claim ownership of the ancestors of other communities for its museums.
Cuban Music Counterpoints
Authors: Quevedo Marysol 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Cuban Music Counterpoints maps the intellectual and artistic networks. Cuban composers forged between 1940 and 1991 by exploring moments—concerts, festivals, recordings—that shed light on how they negotiated aesthetic and political agendas at local and international levels. Beginning with the modernist neoclassicism of the Grupo de Renovación Musical in the 1940s and its Pan Americanist backdrop, the book moves through the more turbulent 1950s, when a more politically engaged organization, the Sociedad Cultural Nuestro Tiempo, promoted contemporary socially engaged art of Cuba and the Americas. Their activities set the stage for the post-1959 Revolutionary revolutionary period of aesthetic and political experimentation in the 1960s, subsequent institutionalization of the 1970s, and the pluralist global turn of the 1980s. Through musical analysis, reception history, and historical contextualization, various case studies demonstrate that, due to music’s polyvalent capacities, composers were able to experiment aesthetically with a much higher degree of freedom than their Cuban counterparts in other artistic fields—such as literature and visual arts—as well as their counterparts in other socialist countries, such as East Germany and the Soviet Union. Three key terms—innovation, revolution, and vanguardia—serve as anchors for exploring how composers tied the post-revolutionary present and future to the pre-revolutionary past. The aesthetic and political concepts of cubanía (Cubanness), national identity versus cosmopolitanism and universalism, modernism, Pan Americanism, internationalism, socialism, and the revolution, guide our understandings of how Cuban composers created meaning and connected their work to vast local and global networks of art music production. This book sheds light not only on the classical music scene in Cuba but also on the international classical music network with which Cuban composers engaged during this time.
A New Language of Protest, a New Generation of Activists
Authors: Chafe William H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the emergence of mass protests following the Montgomery bus boycott. Since the boycott had not been enough, a new form of collective action had become necessary to fight against the entire structure of the Jim Crow regime. The chapter elaborates on the emergence and success of sit-in protests. It explains President John F. Kennedy’s embrace of new possibilities for racial justice, world peace, and income equality before he was killed in November 1963. Kennedy’s support resulted from the struggle for racial equality that had been waged for years by Black people, which was then supplemented by young activists from the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
Winning the Right to Vote, Coming Apart in the Process
Authors: Chafe William H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the aftermath of the March on Washington in August 1963. It recognizes the March as an iconic moment in the struggle for racial equality in America. As poverty became ever more oppressive, Black America’s struggle for racial justice became more and more entwined with the struggle for social and economic justice. Freedom Summer exemplified both the extraordinary achievements that grassroots activists could achieve by coming together to fight for racial justice and the underlying divisions of power and race that had been part of the fabric of America. The chapter considers the work and conflict between the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). It notes how the grassroots activism of SNCC workers helped inundate Mississippi, which was recognized as the most racist state in the nation.
Triumph and Division
Authors: Chafe William H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter elaborates on the growing tensions between the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). Even though in the mid-1960s the civil rights movement appeared to be in the process of achieving another great success, its internal relations were crumbling. The chapter mentions Martin Luther King Jr.’s vision of the Negro dream being rooted in the American dream. It also considers the shifts occurring within the movement in Mississippi and Georgia, reflecting a growing militancy within the Black community in the North and West after the Great Migration. On the other hand, numerous white Americans reacted with fear and concern to the radical changes, which triggered a generational divide.
Orwellian Moral Psychology
Authors: Barry Peter Brian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Orwell identified “the major problem of our time,” but probably not the problem that many readers would have guessed: the major problem, he thought, was the decay of belief in personal immortality. But why? Why was Orwell so concerned about a manifestly philosophical problem? And why was he so convinced that the problem could not be easily solved? The problem and Orwell’s concern for it emerge from a conflict between two of his philosophical sympathies. Orwell endorsed Humean moral psychology—in particular, he endorsed the Humean theory of motivation and sentimentalism about moral judgment—and a Lockean conception of personal identity. If Humean moral psychology and Lockean conceptions of personal identity seem perfectly logically coherent, Orwell’s subtle discussion of class conflict illustrates just how difficult it can be to motivate potential allies consistent with their values and self-conception, a lesson relevant to contemporary politics.
Orwell’s Incomplete Case for Socialism
Authors: Barry Peter Brian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The mature Orwell identified as a socialist and never abandoned his commitment to it. In various works, Orwell offered a case against capitalism and for democratic Socialism that appealed to his ethical concerns for equality, humanism, well-being, self-respect, and still more. Yet Orwell’s case for democratic Socialism is incomplete and open to a powerful challenge. For even if his critique of capitalism is sound, the very same reasons that led Orwell to democratic Socialism also justify an alternative to socialism, the property-owning democracy as understood by John Rawls. According to the Rawlsian Challenge, the property-owning democracy improves on all the flaws of capitalism and secures all the goods of democratic Socialism without eliminating private ownership of the means of production. Absent a reply, Orwell’s case for socialism is incomplete.
A Troubled Marriage
Authors: Dorsey Bruce 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The family story of Maria Cornell (as she was known) offers some unexpected twists, among them that her grandfather was one of colonial America’s pioneering manufacturers and that her father was apprenticed to her grandfather before marrying the boss’s daughter. Her parents’ troubled marriage culminated in her family’s downward trajectory. Maria entered the world just as her parents’ marriage began its free fall from contemporary standards of respectability. Over the next two years their marriage collapsed completely, and Maria landed on the steps of her grandfather’s home in Connecticut. The failed marriage of Maria’s parents was no anomaly in the decades after the Revolution. Like thousands of others, young Maria’s family disbanded when a market economy made lives more mobile and ties to traditional towns more tenuous. The family’s dissolution left an indelible mark on Maria’s life.
Circuit Rider
Authors: Dorsey Bruce 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Converted at a camp meeting revival, Ephraim Avery becomes an itinerant Methodist preacher. By the time Avery joins the New England Conference in 1822, the Methodist Church had developed an ingenious system of religious entrepreneurship, well suited to a new competitive religious marketplace in a nation on the move. Methodist circuit riders quickly become one of the most recognizable groups on the American landscape, blanketing the entire country and establishing more churches in more settlements than any comparable evangelical group. Avery also discovers the rewards he accrues as a loyal foot soldier in local conflicts with assertive Methodist women and rival preachers. His opponents characterize this behavior as slander.
Doctor Visits
Authors: Dorsey Bruce 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Jurors try to recollect contradictory testimony regarding Maria Cornell’s visits to a physician, Dr. Williams Graves, in Lowell in 1830, in which she was diagnosed and treated for venereal disease. Graves testifies for the defense, but Cornell never has the opportunity to tell her story directly. Instead, her story comes to life only through the memories and judgments of her fellow factory workers. Both of these accounts of the doctor visits enter the public record after first being aired as tales of gossips. The different stories from the perspective of the doctor and the “factory girl” reveal insights into the history of the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases and the practices of medical ethics in early America.
Closing Arguments
Authors: Dorsey Bruce 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Jeremiah Mason and Albert Greene each devote a full day to stating the closing arguments for the defense and the prosecution, respectively. On June 1, the jury is ushered to a private room to deliberate. With so much to remember from the lengthy trial, perhaps Mason’s words that “character” must carry a “great weight” linger in their minds, or perhaps they focus on the attorney general’s final plea to “look to your consciences!” Ephraim Avery’s case becomes the longest trial in the history of the United States at the time, spanning thirty days from its opening to the jury’s deliberation and verdict.