bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of liver fibrosis scores for predicting mortality and morbidity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Cao Yalin , Guo Siyu , Dong Yugang , Liu Chen , Zhu Wengen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsLiver fibrosis scores (LFSs) are non‐invasive and effective tools for estimating cardiovascular risks. To better understand the advantages and limitations of currently available LFSs, we determined to compare the predictive values of LFSs in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) for primary composite outcome, atrial fibrillation (AF), and other clinical outcomes.Methods and resultsThis was a secondary analysis of the TOPCAT trial, and 3212 HFpEF patients were enrolled. Five LFSs, namely, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS), fibrosis‐4 score (FIB‐4), BARD, aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio, and Health Utilities Index (HUI) scores were adopted. Cox proportional hazard model and competing risk regression model were performed to assess the associations between LFSs and outcomes. The discriminatory power of each LFS was evaluated by calculating the area under the curves (AUCs). During a median follow‐up of 3.3 years, a 1‐point increase in the NFS [hazard ratio (HR) 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.17], BARD (HR 1.19; 95% CI 1.10–1.30), and HUI (HR 1.44; 95% CI 1.09–1.89) scores was associated with an increased risk of primary outcome. Patients with high levels of NFS (HR 1.63; 95% CI 1.26–2.13), BARD (HR 1.64; 95% CI 1.25–2.15), AST/ALT ratio (HR 1.30; 95% CI 1.05–1.60), and HUI (HR 1.25; 95% CI 1.02–1.53) were at an increased risk of primary outcome. Subjects who developed AF were more likely to have high NFS (HR 2.21; 95% CI 1.13–4.32). High levels of NFS and HUI scores were a significant predictor of any hospitalization and hospitalization for heart failure. The AUCs for the NFS in predicting primary outcome (0.672; 95% CI 0.642–0.702) and incident of AF (0.678; 95% CI 0.622–0.734) were higher than other LFSs.ConclusionsIn light of these findings, NFS appears to have superior predictive and prognostic utility compared with AST/ALT ratio, FIB‐4, BARD, and HUI scores. Clinical trial registration: (https://clinicaltrials.gov). Unique identifier: NCT00094302.
USP48 alleviates bone cancer pain and regulates MrgC stabilization in spinal cord neurons of male mice
Authors: Yu Jiacheng , Hou Bailing , Huang Yulin , Wang Xiaoyu , Qian Yue , Liang Ying , Gu Xiaoping , Ma Zhengliang , Sun Yue 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundUbiquitin‐mediated degradation of the Mas‐related G protein‐coupled receptor C (MrgC) reduces the number of receptors. However, the specific deubiquitinating enzyme antagonize this process has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the effect of ubiquitin‐specific protease‐48 (USP48) on bone cancer pain (BCP) and its effect on MrgC.MethodsA mouse model of BCP was established. BCP behaviours of mice were assessed after intrathecal injection of adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐USP48. USP48 and MrgC interactions were studied by immunoprecipitation. Overexpression and knockdown of USP48 were conducted in N2a cells to investigate the effect of USP48 on MrgC receptor number and ubiquitination.ResultsSpinal cord level USP48 expression was reduced in mice with BCP. Intrathecal injection of AAV‐USP48 increased paw withdrawal mechanical threshold and reduced spontaneous flinching in mice. In N2a cells, there were increased number of MrgC receptors after overexpression of USP48 and decreased number of MrgC receptors after knockdown of USP48. USP48 interacted with MrgC and overexpression of USP48 altered the level of ubiquitination of MrgC.ConclusionUSP48 antagonizes ubiquitin‐mediated autophagic degradation of MrgC and alleviates BCP in a murine animal model. Our findings may provide a new perspective for the treatment of BCP.SignificanceOur finding may provide an important theoretical basis as well as an intervention target for clinical development of drugs for BCP.
Techno−Economic Analysis and Multi‐Objective Optimization of Cross‐Flow Wind Turbines for Smart Building Energy Systems
Authors: Sefidgar Zahra , Ashrafizadeh Ali , Arabkoohsar Ahmad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis work reports a technical, economic, and environmental investigation of the possibility of using a recently developed smallscale crossflow wind turbine (CFWT) to supply the energy demand of buildings for different integration scenarios. For this purpose, three CFWT‐assisted building energy system configurations with heat pumps, with and without batteries, and two‐way interaction with the local grid in two residential building models in Iran and Germany are investigated. Triobjective optimization with a Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA‐II) is performed for finding the optimal configuration of the energy system in different configurations. For economic assessment, the Capital Budgeting Analysis method is used with four indicators, namely, payback period (PP), net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and profitability index (PI). The results show that due to different energy market regulations and prices, different integration scenarios and system configurations can outperform others in Germany and Iran. Overall, due to the exchange rate instability and low energy tariff in Iran, in order for the project to be feasible, either the CFWT cost must fall to below 30% of its current cost or the local electricity price should increase significantly to get a Levelized cost of energy of as low as 0.6 $ kWh−1.
Field‐scale reactive transport assessment of CO2 storage in the Farnsworth unit through enhanced oil recovery practices
Authors: Kutsienyo Eusebius J. , Appold Martin S. , White Mark D. , Ampomah William 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the transport and fate of CO2 injected into a sandstone reservoir in the western Farnsworth Unit, a hydrocarbon field in northern Texas. The study employed three‐dimensional multifluid‐phase numerical reactive solute and heat transport modeling. Model inputs were obtained from previous field characterization studies and calibrated to 8 years of historical production data. The CO2 in the models was injected through multiple wells for the first 25 years of the simulations according to a water‐alternating gas schedule. The simulations were carried out for a total of 1000 years in order to study the long‐term effects of CO2 injection.The results show that the largest fraction of the injected CO2 is stored in oil, followed by successively smaller amounts in the formation water, carbonate mineral phases, and as an immiscible gas phase. The small fraction of CO2 present as an immiscible gas, the most mobile phase for CO2, aids in the long‐term sequestration security of the injected CO2. The injected CO2 was found to migrate within a maximum radius of around 500 m of the injection wells. This means that changes in fluid pressure, temperature, composition, and reservoir mineralogy were also limited to occurring within this radius. This radius is very sensitive to model relative permeability and capillary pressure values, which were determined from history matching to the field production data. The models predicted dolomite to be the main mineral sink for the injected CO2. Quartz was another mineral predicted to precipitate, whereas calcite, albite, chlorite, illite, and kaolinite were predicted to dissolve. The changes in mineral abundance had minimal effect on porosity, implying that the permeability of the reservoir should also not change much because of CO2 injection. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Late Cretaceous and Early Palaeocene intermediate‐felsic intrusions from the Maizhokunggar region, southern Lhasa, Tibet: Implications for the geodynamic transition from oceanic subduction to continental collision
Authors: Xing Kai , Liu Jinyu , Lentz David R. , Niu Xudong 
Published: March 2023

The tectonic transition from oceanic subduction to continental collision is a fundamental process during orogenesis, yet the nature of such transition and associated deep geodynamic processes for the Tibetan Plateau are still controversial. The long‐lived magmatism of the Gangdese Belt of southern Tibet provides an excellent opportunity to study the tectonic transition from subduction of the Neo‐Tethys oceanic lithosphere to the continental collision between Indian and Asian plates. We present zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopes, whole‐rock geochemistry, and Sr–Nd isotopes for the intrusions from Maizhokunggar, southern Lhasa Terrane. The zircon U–Pb dating indicates that two episodes of magmatism occurred in the Maizhokunggar region, ca. 70 Ma diorites and ca. 60 Ma granitoids. The ca. 70 Ma diorites are medium‐K calc‐alkaline and characterized by pronounced high‐field‐strength element depletion and light rare earth element enrichment, similar to arc‐type rocks. They have homogeneous (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios (0.70378–0.70424) and εNd(t) values (+2.6 to +3.4), and εHf(t) (+5.9 to +13.0) with relatively young depleted mantle model ages (307–762 Ma), suggesting that they were generated from the juvenile mafic lower crust induced by the underplating of basaltic magmas from depleted mantle wedge. The ca. 60 Ma granitoids, Kajiacun (KJC) granodiorites, and Qulongxue (QLX) and Bangdacun (BDC) monzogranites are high‐K series and metaluminous to weakly peraluminous. The KJC granodiorites with high Sr/Y ratios (25–43) are adakitic and were likely derived from partial melting of a thickened lower crust. The BDC monzogranites have more evolved Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes and older Nd–Hf model ages than the QLX monzogranites. These geochemical variations were mainly controlled by the fractionation crystallization with assimilation of ancient crustal materials. We propose that at ca. 70 Ma, the subduction of the Neo‐Tethys oceanic slab triggered the partial melting of the juvenile lower crust and formed the diorites with arc affinity, and then the initial collision (>60 Ma) between the Indian and Asian plates caused locally thickened lower crust, resulting in adakitic granodiorites. Our study sheds light on the lithospheric scale magma evolution from the deep mantle to the shallow crust during the critical geodynamic transition to collision, and early uplift.
Correlations between the severity of radiation‐induced oral mucositis and salivary epidermal growth factor as well as inflammatory cytokines in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Xu Juan , Yang Guang , An Wei , Wang Wei , Li Fangfang , Meng Yingtao , Wang Xingli 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate correlations of the severity of radiation‐induced oral mucositis (RIOM) with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and inflammatory cytokines in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC).MethodsLevels of inflammatory cytokines and EGF in saliva of HNC patients were measured. Correlations of inflammatory cytokines and EGF levels with RIOM severity and pain degree, and their diagnostic values on RIOM severity were determined.ResultsElevated IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐2, and IL‐6 levels, and reduced IL‐4, IL‐10, and EGF levels were found in patients with severe RIOM. IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐2, and IL‐6 were positively correlated with RIOM severity, while IL‐10, IL‐4, and EGF were negatively correlated with it. All factors were effective in predicting the severity of RIOM.ConclusionIFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐2, and IL‐6 in saliva of patients with HNC are positively correlated with the severity of RIOM, and IL‐4, IL‐10, and EGF were negatively correlated with it.
Diagnosing and treating pericardial disease in dogs and cats
Authors: Linney Chris 
Published: March 2023

Background: Pericardial disease accounts for approximately 10 per cent of all cardiac referrals. It is seen in all species, but is most commonly diagnosed in dogs and occasionally in cats. Pericardial disease comprises both acquired and congenital conditions, of which pericardial effusion (PE) associated with acquired disease is most common. PEs are most frequently either idiopathic or secondary to neoplasia, although other causes such as left atrial tear (secondary to myxomatous valvular disease), infectious pericarditis, an extension of congestive heart failure (CHF) and secondary to trauma are all possible causes. Congenital pericardial disease is rare, but includes peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia, benign intrapericardial cysts and pericardial defects. This rare and small group of congenital conditions are important, as prompt recognition and management usually infers an excellent prognosis. Where there is sufficient volume within the pericardial sac, intrapericardial pressure can rise, leading to cardiac tamponade and signs of right‐sided CHF (R‐CHF) and low cardiac output. Importantly, management of R‐CHF in cases of pericardial disease requires a completely different approach to other diseases causing R‐CHF.Aim of the article: This article reviews the most common conditions that cause PE, common clinical signs and appropriate management strategies.
Update on neonatal encephalopathy in foals
Authors: Devery Sarah , Dixon Claire 
Published: March 2023

Background: Neonatal encephalopathy is seen in 10 to 14 per cent of foals, with ischaemic/ hypoxic and non‐ischaemic events observed. It is important to categorise foals based on type of encephalopathy and severity of clinical signs, as early recognition of cases that can be managed on farm, or that require referral, is key to optimising foal survival.Aim of the article: This article outlines the pathophysiology of neonatal encephalopathy in foals and the treatment and management options available for this condition.
Solvation free energy arithmetic for small organic molecules
Authors: Lazaric Aleksandar , Pattni Viren , Fuegner Kaprao , Ben‐Naim Arieh , Heyden Matthias 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSolvent‐mediated interactions contribute to ligand binding affinities in computational drug design and provide a challenge for theoretical predictions. In this study, we analyze the solvation free energy of benzene derivatives in water to guide the development of predictive models for solvation free energies and solvent‐mediated interactions. We use a spatially resolved analysis of local solvation free energy contributions and define solvation free energy arithmetic, which enable us to construct additive models to describe the solvation of complex compounds. The substituents analyzed in this study are carboxyl and nitro‐groups due to their similar sterical requirements but distinct interactions with water. We find that nonadditive solvation free energy contributions are primarily attributed to electrostatics, which are qualitatively reproduced with computationally efficient continuum models. This suggests a promising route for the development of efficient and accurate models for the solvation of complex molecules with varying substitution patterns using solvation arithmetic.
Systematic profiling of taxol and its analogues (taxalogues) binding to β‐tubulin and molecular analysis of their effects on microtubule stabilization
Authors: Dou Zhihua , Ding Xi , Feng Yu , Zhou Lihua , Gu Yuqin , Liu Ling 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMicrotubules are highly dynamic polymers of α/β‐tubulin that represent major components of the cytoskeleton and have been established as an attractive druggable target of tumors. Taxol, also known as Paclitaxel, is a microtubule‐stabilizing agent that binds stoichiometrically to a specific site in β‐tubulin, where is out of but nearby the interacting interface of α/β‐tubulin complex, to improve the complex stability through an allosterically regulatory mechanism. In this study, the systematic binding profile of taxol and its 22 structurally diverse, medicinally relevant analogues (termed as taxalogues) to the specific site of β‐tubulin as well as their effects on the α/β‐tubulin complex stability were created and investigated by using structural modeling, dynamics simulation, and energetics analysis. Two helices H1 and H2 of β‐tubulin were identified as key hotspots at the α/β‐tubulin interface to mediate the binding event of β‐tubulin to α‐tubulin. Taxalogue binding can trigger a conformational displacement in the H1 and H2 to elicit the stabilization (or destabilization) of α/β‐tubulin. However, strong taxalogue binding potency to β‐tubulin does not mean effective α/β‐tubulin stabilization; there is only an indirect, moderate correlation between them. Cell viability assay revealed that the taxalogue‐induced α/β‐tubulin stabilization, but not the taxalogue binding, directly influences the antitumor activity of taxalogues. The activity increases in the order: SB‐T‐1214 < docetaxel < taxol < larotaxel < cisplatin < cabazitaxel.
Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase‐elevated NAD+ biosynthesis prevents muscle disuse atrophy by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Zhang Yao , Wang Yingming , Lu Shuai , Zhong Rui , Liu Zhilin , Zhao Qichun , Wang Chongyang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundIt is well known that muscle disuse atrophy is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, which is implicated in reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a rate‐limiting enzyme in NAD+ biosynthesis, may serve as a novel strategy to treat muscle disuse atrophy by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction.MethodsTo investigate the effects of NAMPT on the prevention of disuse atrophy of skeletal muscles predominantly composed of slow‐twitch (type I) or fast‐twitch (type II) fibres, rabbit models of rotator cuff tear‐induced supraspinatus muscle atrophy and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection‐induced extensor digitorum longus (EDL) atrophy were established and then administered NAMPT therapy. Muscle mass, fibre cross‐sectional area (CSA), fibre type, fatty infiltration, western blot, and mitochondrial function were assayed to analyse the effects and molecular mechanisms of NAMPT in preventing muscle disuse atrophy.ResultsAcute disuse of the supraspinatus muscle exhibited significant loss of mass (8.86 ± 0.25 to 5.10 ± 0.79 g; P < 0.001) and decreased fibre CSA (3939.6 ± 136.1 to 2773.4 ± 217.6 μm2, P < 0.001), which were reversed by NAMPT (muscle mass 6.17 ± 0.54 g, P = 0.0033; fibre CSA, 3219.8 ± 289.4 μm2, P = 0.0018). Disuse‐induced impairment of mitochondrial function were significantly improved by NAMPT, including citrate synthase activity (40.8 ± 6.3 to 50.5 ± 5.6 nmol/min/mg, P = 0.0043), and NAD+ biosynthesis (279.9 ± 48.7 to 392.2 ± 43.2 pmol/mg, P = 0.0023). Western blot revealed that NAMPT increases NAD+ levels by activating NAMPT‐dependent NAD+ salvage synthesis pathway. In supraspinatus muscle atrophy due to chronic disuse, a combination of NAMPT injection and repair surgery was more effective than repair in reversing muscle atrophy. Although the predominant composition of EDL muscle is fast‐twitch (type II) fibre type that differ from supraspinatus muscle, its mitochondrial function and NAD+ levels are also susceptible to disuse. Similar to the supraspinatus muscle, NAMPT‐elevated NAD+ biosynthesis was also efficient in preventing EDL disuse atrophy by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction.ConclusionsNAMPT‐elevated NAD+ biosynthesis can prevent disuse atrophy of skeletal muscles that predominantly composed with either slow‐twitch (type I) or fast‐twitch (type II) fibres by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction.
The association between weight change after gastric cancer surgery and type 2 diabetes risk: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kwon Yeongkeun , Ha Jane , Kim Dohyang , Hwang Jinseub , Park Shin‐Hoo , Kwon Jin‐Won , Park Sungsoo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough gastric cancer patients generally experience drastic weight decrease post‐gastrectomy, the impact of weight decrease on type 2 diabetes risk remains unclear. We investigated the type 2 diabetes risk after gastric cancer surgery according to postoperative weight decrease in gastric cancer survivors in South Korea, the country with the world's highest rate of gastric cancer survival.MethodsThis retrospective nationwide cohort study included gastric cancer surgery recipients between 2004 and 2014 who survived for ≥5 years post‐surgery. We included patients without a history of diabetes at the time of surgery and those who had not received adjuvant chemotherapy before or after the surgery. Postoperative weight loss was defined as the per cent body weight loss at 3 years post‐surgery compared with the baseline. The type 2 diabetes risk was evaluated using Cox regression analyses for five groups of postoperative weight decrease.ResultsIn 5618 included gastric cancer surgery recipients (mean age, 55.7 [standard deviation, SD, 10.9] years; 21.9% female; mean body mass index, 23.7 [SD, 2.9] kg/m2), 331 patients (5.9%) developed postoperative type 2 diabetes during follow‐up duration of 8.1 years (median; interquartile range, 4.8 years; maximum, 15.2 years). Compared with those who gained weight post‐surgery, patients with ≥ −15% to < −10% of postoperative weight decrease (hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.49–0.87; P = 0.004) had the lowest type 2 diabetes risk. A non‐linear association occurred between postoperative weight decrease and the type 2 diabetes risk in gastrectomy recipients (Akaike's information criterion [AIC] for non‐linear model, 5423.52; AIC for linear model, 5425.61).ConclusionsA U‐shaped non‐linear association occurred between the type 2 diabetes risk and postoperative weight decrease in gastric cancer survivors who underwent gastrectomy. The lowest type 2 diabetes risk occurred in patients with ≥ −15% to < −10% of postoperative weight decrease at 3 years.
Semiexplicit time integration of a reduced magnetic vector potential magneto‐quasistatic field formulation
Authors: Kähne Bernhard , Clemens Markus 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this article, a reduced vector potential formulation for transient magneto‐quasistatic field problems is presented. The finite element method for spatial discretization yields a system of differential algebraic equations (DAE). Applying a generalized Schur complement the DAE system decomposes into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODE) and an algebraic equation. In order to avoid computationally expensive linearization schemes to solve nonlinear eddy current problems the ODE system is integrated in time using a semiexplicit Euler scheme. The vector potential is split into a source vector potential and a reduced vector potential which describes the eddy current and magnetization effects. The reduced formulation is compared with the underlying nonreduced formulation regarding the overall performance. In addition, the proper orthogonal decomposition method is applied to the iterative preconditioned conjugate gradient method to minimize the number of iterations per time step.