bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the pertinence of drought indices in the changing climate
Authors: Singh Gauranshi Raj , Dhanya C T , Chakravorty Aniket 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The increasing divergence/disagreement between the meteorological drought indicators, majorly due to the changing climate conditions, has disputed their pertinency in the monitoring and modeling of drought events. In the present study, we attempted to quantify the divergence between widely used drought indices such as the standardized precipitation index (SPI), standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), and the newly developed standardized net precipitation index (SNEPI) and traced the evolution of this divergence/disagreement. A persistent presence of enhanced dry extremes in the annual divergence of SPEI with SPI and SNEPI was observed, which raises doubts about the utility of traditional drought indices in capturing the changing climatic characteristics. The seasonal dispersion of this annual divergence revealed a strong, spatiotemporally dominant, signal of dryness in the monsoon season by SNEPI, which SPEI failed to unravel. Furthermore, the attribution analysis revealed that the SPI-SPEI disagreements evolved under the influence of the shortwave radiative fluxes. In addition to that, the divergence between SPEI and SNEPI, is driven by the characteristics of wet spells, with the relationship strengthening in the monsoon season and tropical climate zones. All these findings caution us to evaluate the need to incorporate the changing precipitation characteristics before deploying drought indices in operational uses, especially in tropical climate zones.
Enhancing surface adhesion of polytetrafluoroethylene induced by two-step in-situ treatment with radiofrequency capacitively coupled Ar/Ar+CH4+NH3 plasma
Authors: LU Manting , HE Yi , LIU Xue , HUANG Jiamin , ZHANG Jiawei , MA Xiaoping , XIN Yu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Although some progress in plasma modification of the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) surface has been made recently, its adhesion strength still needs to be further improved. In this work, the surface of a PTFE sample was treated with a two-step in-situ method. Firstly, the PTFE surface was treated with capacitively coupled Ar plasma to improve its mechanical interlocking performance; then, Ar+NH3+CH4 plasma was used to deposit an a-CN
x
:H cross-linking layer on the PTFE surface to improve the molecular bonding ability. After treatment, a high specific surface area of 2.20 and a low F/C ratio of 0.32 were achieved on the PTFE surface. Its surface free energy was increased significantly and its maximum adhesion strength reached 77.1 N·10 mm−1, which is 56% higher than that of the single-step Ar plasma-treated sample and 32% higher than that of the single-step Ar+CH4+NH3 plasma-treated sample.
Update: Cellulite Therapies and Optimizing Treatment Combinations
Authors: Dhillon Rummit K , Dayan Steven H , Hexsel Doris , Shridharani Sachin , Chilukuri Suneel , LaTowsky Brenda , Fabi Sabrina Guillen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Cellulite in the proximal lower extremities is a reported concern among many adult females. The unsightly appearance of cellulite leads many affected individuals to seek treatment by trained specialists. The objective of this review is to provide the reader with an update on new and innovative therapies for cellulite including various treatment combinations to maximize therapeutic outcomes, and strategies for minimizing adverse events. The availability of new technologies and the results from recent clinical trials provide additional tools and data to consider when creating treatment plans for cellulite patients. This update to previous treatment recommendations is based on the most recent developments in cellulite management including the personal experiences of the authors with an emphasis on injectable enzymes, acoustic subcision, targeted verifiable subcision, and biostimulators. Formal clinical studies are warranted to compare various treatment modalities and further investigate combination regimens.

Level of Evidence: 5
Betelgeuse: a review
Authors: Wheeler J Craig , Chatzopoulos Emmanouil 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Was Betelgeuse once in a binary star system? What causes it to vary over a vast range of timescales? Why did it dim dramatically in 2020? When and how will it explode? J. Craig Wheeler and Manos Chatzopoulos present a host of challenges to both observers and theorists.
scAnno: a deconvolution strategy-based automatic cell type annotation tool for single-cell RNA-sequencing data sets
Authors: Liu Hongjia , Li Huamei , Sharma Amit , Huang Wenjuan , Pan Duo , Gu Yu , Lin Lu , Sun Xiao , Liu Hongde 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUndoubtedly, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has changed the research landscape by providing insights into heterogeneous, complex and rare cell populations. Given that more such data sets will become available in the near future, their accurate assessment with compatible and robust models for cell type annotation is a prerequisite. Considering this, herein, we developed scAnno (scRNA-seq data annotation), an automated annotation tool for scRNA-seq data sets primarily based on the single-cell cluster levels, using a joint deconvolution strategy and logistic regression. We explicitly constructed a reference profile for human (30 cell types and 50 human tissues) and a reference profile for mouse (26 cell types and 50 mouse tissues) to support this novel methodology (scAnno). scAnno offers a possibility to obtain genes with high expression and specificity in a given cell type as cell type-specific genes (marker genes) by combining co-expression genes with seed genes as a core. Of importance, scAnno can accurately identify cell type-specific genes based on cell type reference expression profiles without any prior information. Particularly, in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell data set, the marker genes identified by scAnno showed cell type-specific expression, and the majority of marker genes matched exactly with those included in the CellMarker database. Besides validating the flexibility and interpretability of scAnno in identifying marker genes, we also proved its superiority in cell type annotation over other cell type annotation tools (SingleR, scPred, CHETAH and scmap-cluster) through internal validation of data sets (average annotation accuracy: 99.05%) and cross-platform data sets (average annotation accuracy: 95.56%). Taken together, we established the first novel methodology that utilizes a deconvolution strategy for automated cell typing and is capable of being a significant application in broader scRNA-seq analysis. scAnno is available at https://github.com/liuhong-jia/scAnno.
Chasing the Hat
Authors: Mahon Daryl 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
I was sitting in the hall where the graduation of my master’s degree was taking place in 2016 and noted to my wife that I would like one of those hats that are worn by the university faculty in recognition that they have completed advanced studies to doctorate level. To even have such an aspiration is something I am grateful for because as you are about to read, the script for my life was not meant to unfold in this way. The following account is adapted from the prologue of an unpublished autobiography I penned in early 2019. In many ways, I am happy that it is unpublished, not just due to the anxiety I feel about another person reading it, but also because my story is still unfolding. The chasing of the hat then puts my story into context in a broader sense, based on what I imagine the hat to represent, the challenges that I have had to overcome and the journey that I am on towards attaining it.
‘You Just Treat me like a Human Being’: Using Lived Experience to (Re)imagine Boundary Practices in mental health settings
Authors: Sinclair Aimee , Mahboub Lyn , Gillieatt Sue , Fernandes Christina 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The personal/professional dichotomy, present within dominant notions of professional boundaries, is an ongoing source of tension within social work. Peer workers, given their positioning as both service users and workers, are uniquely placed to contribute to pre-existing efforts in unsettling this dichotomy. Our analysis, informed by dialogic sharing and theorising with fifteen peer support workers, alongside post-humanist and critical mental health approaches, considers the oppressive effects of enacting a personal/professional dichotomy within mental health settings, and conversely, the emancipatory potential of unsettling the dichotomy. Rather than conceptualising such events as boundary ‘crossings’, ‘incursions’ or ‘transgressions’, we suggest (re)imagining professional boundaries as multiple, enacted through ever-shifting socio-material relations. Our analysis supports pre-existing calls for a relational ethic of social work and highlights how lived experience and post-humanism can support the discipline’s commitment to anti-oppressive practices. We recommend further research, informed by lived experience, to explore the complex relations that constitute boundary practices and their effects for both social workers and service users.
Why Didn’t Anyone Understand? Why Didn’t Anyone Ever Stand in the Way? Detecting Child Abuse in Out-of-Home care Setting: The Role of Safeguard and Protection Systems and Social Workers
Authors: Aversa Giuseppe , Filistrucchi Petra 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The issue of institutional abuse (IA) in out-of-home care services is a difficult one, which we struggle to think about and which is slow to find attention and recognition: the victims are those children who, after experiencing maltreatment and abuse in the family, still suffer violence in the residential care services that should protect them. It represents the failure of the public system in protecting children, and it is often the result of institutions and professionals who allow, collude, cover, justify and minimise violence against children. Starting from a recent and paradigmatic Italian story and from the contribution of experience and thought of those who, as the first author, survived it, as well as from the analysis of the existing literature, this article examines the specific characteristics and dynamics of IA that motivate the extreme difficulty of its emergence. This article aims to improve professionals’ awareness concerning the phenomenon and their responsibilities in the prevention and early detection. For professionals and services to see institutional maltreatment implies questioning themselves, their own methodological tools and their own professional practices, as well as opening themselves to the concrete possibility of being able—at least—to make serious mistakes.
The amyloid cascade hypothesis: an updated critical review
Authors: Kepp Kasper P , Robakis Nikolaos K , Høilund-Carlsen Poul F , Sensi Stefano L , Vissel Bryce 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResults from recent clinical trials of antibodies that target amyloid-β (Aβ) for Alzheimer’s disease have created excitement and have been heralded as corroboration of the amyloid cascade hypothesis. However, while Aβ may contribute to disease, genetic, clinical, imaging and biochemical data suggest a more complex aetiology.Here we review the history and weaknesses of the amyloid cascade hypothesis in view of the new evidence obtained from clinical trials of anti-amyloid antibodies. These trials indicate that the treatments have either no or uncertain clinical effect on cognition. Despite the importance of amyloid in the definition of Alzheimer’s disease, we argue that the data point to Aβ playing a minor aetiological role.We also discuss data suggesting that the concerted activity of many pathogenic factors contribute to Alzheimer’s disease and propose that evolving multi-factor disease models will better underpin the search for more effective strategies to treat the disease.
In-hospital complications associated with pulmonary vein isolation with adjunctive lesions: the NCDR AFib Ablation Registry
Authors: Darden Douglas , Aldaas Omar , Du Chengan , Munir Muhammad Bilal , Feld Gregory K , Pothineni Naga Venkata K , Gopinathannair Rakesh , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya , Curtis Jeptha P , Freeman James V , Akar Joseph G , Hsu Jonathan C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
No prior study has been adequately powered to evaluate real-world safety outcomes in those receiving adjunctive ablation lesions beyond pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). We sought to evaluate characteristics and in-hospital complications among patients undergoing PVI with and without adjunctive lesions.

Methods and results
Patients in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry AFib Ablation Registry undergoing first-time atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation between 2016 and 2020 were identified and stratified into paroxysmal (PAF) and persistent AF, and separated into PVI only, PVI + cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation, and PVI + adjunctive (superior vena cava isolation, coronary sinus, vein of Marshall, atypical atrial flutter lines, other). Adjusted odds of adverse events were calculated using multivariable logistic regression. A total of 50 937 patients [PAF: 30 551 (60%), persistent AF: 20 386 (40%)] were included. Among those with PAF, there were no differences in the adjusted odds of complications between PVI + CTI or PVI + adjunctive when compared with PVI only. Among persistent AF, PVI + adjunctive was associated with a higher risk of any complication [3.0 vs. 4.5%, odds ratio (OR) 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–1.58] and major complication (0.8 vs. 1.4%, OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.10–2.21), while no differences were observed in PVI + CTI compared with PVI only. Overall, there was high heterogeneity in adjunctive lesion type, and those receiving adjunctive lesions had a higher comorbidity burden.

Conclusion
Additional CTI ablation was common without an increased risk of complications. Adjunctive lesions other than CTI are commonly performed in those with more comorbidities and were associated with an increased risk of complications in persistent AF, although the current analysis is limited by high heterogeneity in adjunctive lesion set type.
Effectiveness of non-interruptive nudge interventions in electronic health records to improve the delivery of care in hospitals: a systematic review
Authors: Raban Magdalena Z , Gates Peter J , Gamboa Sarah , Gonzalez Gabriela , Westbrook Johanna I 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To describe the application of nudges within electronic health records (EHRs) and their effects on inpatient care delivery, and identify design features that support effective decision-making without the use of interruptive alerts.

Materials and methods
We searched Medline, Embase, and PsychInfo (in January 2022) for randomized controlled trials, interrupted time-series and before–after studies reporting effects of nudge interventions embedded in hospital EHRs to improve care. Nudge interventions were identified at full-text review, using a pre-existing classification. Interventions using interruptive alerts were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool (Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions) for non-randomized studies or the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care Group methodology for randomized trials. Study results were summarized narratively.

Results
We included 18 studies evaluating 24 EHR nudges. An improvement in care delivery was reported for 79.2% (n = 19; 95% CI, 59.5–90.8) of nudges. Nudges applied were from 5 of 9 possible nudge categories: change choice defaults (n = 9), make information visible (n = 6), change range or composition of options (n = 5), provide reminders (n = 2), and change option-related effort (n = 2). Only one study had a low risk of bias. Nudges targeted ordering of medications, laboratory tests, imaging, and appropriateness of care. Few studies evaluated long-term effects.

Discussion
Nudges in EHRs can improve care delivery. Future work could explore a wider range of nudges and evaluate long-term effects.

Conclusion
Nudges can be implemented in EHRs to improve care delivery within current system capabilities; however, as with all digital interventions, careful consideration of the sociotechnical system is crucial to enhance their effectiveness.
Short communication: Analysis of the nasal microbiota in newly received feedlot heifers according to subsequent incidence of bovine respiratory disease
Authors: Pickett Autumn T , Cooke Reinaldo F , Bicalho Rodrigo , Gouvea Vinicius N 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study compared the relative abundance of bacteria in the nasal cavity of high-risk beef heifers at feedlot arrival according to subsequent incidence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Angus-influenced heifers (n = 76) were transported for 1,100 km (11 h) to the feedlot (day −1). At feedlot arrival (day 0), heifers were weighed [shrunk body weight (BW) = 234 ± 15 kg] and a nasal cavity swab collected for microbiota analysis. Heifers were ranked by arrival BW and allocated into 6 pens on day 1 where they remained until day 55. Heifers were evaluated daily for BRD signs (days 0 to 55), and a final shrunk BW was recorded on day 56 (16-h feed and water deprivation). Heifers were classified according to number of antimicrobial treatments for BRD received (0, 1, or ≥2), or according to time of the first incidence of BRD signs (no incidence [NOBRD], early incidence [EARLY; 4.1 ± 0.1 d, ranging from 3 to 6 d], or late incidence [LATE; 18.5 ± 9.6 d, ranging from 10 to 28 d]). Average daily gain decreased linearly (P = 0.04) according to number of BRD treatments, and was less (P = 0.04) in LATE and tended (P = 0.08) to be less in EARLY compared with NOBRD. The abundance of the Tenericutes phylum increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01), while the abundance of other phyla (e.g., Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes) decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.05) and phyla diversity tended to decrease linearly (P = 0.10) according to number of BRD treatments. Heifers classified as EARLY had greater (P = 0.01) abundance of Tenericutes compared with NOBRD, whereas Tenericutes abundance in LATE heifers was intermediate and did not differ (P = 0.22) compared with EARLY and NOBRD. The abundance of Mycoplasma genus increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) while the abundance of other genera (e.g., Corynebacterium and Blautia) and genera diversity decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.03) according to number of BRD treatments. Heifers classified as EARLY had greater (P = 0.01) abundance of Mycoplasma and reduced (P = 0.01) genera diversity compared with NOBRD, and values noted in LATE heifers for these variables were intermediate and not different (P ≥ 0.27) compared with EARLY and NOBRD. Hence, heifers that developed BRD during the experiment had altered nasal microbiota at arrival compared with heifers that remained healthy, particularly increased prevalence of Tenericutes and Mycoplasma. Such differences in nasal microbiota were heightened in heifers that developed BRD shortly after arrival, or that required multiple antimicrobial treatments.
44 Higher Out-of-pocket Expenses are Associated with Worse Health-Related Quality of Life in Burn Survivors
Authors: Holan Cole , Carrougher Gretchen , Stewart Barclay , Gibran Nicole , Orton Caitlin , Sheckter Clifford 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The care required to recover serious burn injuries is costly. In the US, these costs are often borne by patients. Examining the relationship between out-of-pocket (OOP) costs and health-related quality of life (HRQL) is important to support burn survivors.

Methods
Financial data from a regional burn center were merged with data in the Burn Model System (BMS) National Database. HRQL outcomes included VA-Rand 12 (VR-12) physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores. Participant surveys were conducted at 6-, 12-, and 24-months post-injury. VR-12 scores were evaluated using generalized linear models and adjusted for potential confounders (age, sex, insurance/payer, self-identified race/ethnicity, measures of burn injury severity).

Results
644 participants were included, of which 13% (84) had OOP costs. The percentage of participants with OOP costs was 34% for commercial/private, 22% for Medicare, 8% for other, 4% for self-pay, and 0% for workers’ compensation and Medicaid. For participants with OOP expenses, median payments were $875 with an IQR of $368 - 1,728. In addition to markers of burn injury severity, OOP costs were negatively associated with PCS scores at 6-months (coefficient -0.002, p&lt; 0.001) and 12-months post-injury (coefficient -0.001, p=0.004). There were no significant associations with PCS scores at 24 months post-injury or MCS scores at any interval.

Conclusions
Participants with commercial/private or Medicare payer had higher financial liability than other payers. Higher OOP expenses were negatively associated with physical HRQL for at least 12 months after injury.

Applicability of Research to Practice
Financial toxicity is a real phenomenon in burn survivors. Burn care providers should be attuned to their patients' finances and spending and connect them with resources when appropriate.
53 The Role of Body Mass Index in Hospitalized Burn Patients
Authors: Saquib Syed , Chestovich Paul , Flores Carmen , Carroll Joseph , Fraser Douglas , Tullington Jessica , Batra Kavita 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Body mass index (BMI) has been identified as an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. The objective of this study was to investigate what role BMI played in hospitalized burn patients.

Methods
Registry data for all burn patients over the age of 18 admitted to our ABA verified burn center between July 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020 was analyzed. Patients were categorized based on the World Health Organization’s definition of BMI. Age, gender, co-morbidities, race, ethnicity, total body surface area (TBSA) and mechanism of injury were included. Total length of stay, ICU length of stay, the need for a ventilator, and hospital disposition were also analyzed.
Categorical variables were compared using chi-square, and continuous using one-way ANOVA with post-hoc analysis. A multivariate logistic regression model was fit to generate adjusted odds ratios for the likelihood in-patient mortality with a p-value of &lt; 0.05 was considered significant

Results
A total of 1106 patients were included for analysis. Mean age was 48.8 years. Mean BMI was 27.7. 785 (71%) were male. The most common burn mechanism was flame (551, 49.8 %). The following was the distribution based on BMI: underweight 50 (4.5%), normal weight 381 (34.4%), overweight 337 (30.5%), Class 1 obesity 198 (17.9%), Class 2 obesity 81 (7.3%), and Class 3 obesity 59 (5.3%).
All classes of obese patients were more likely to have hypertension (P &lt; 0.001). Class 2 and 3 obese patients were more likely to have diabetes mellitus (P &lt; 0.001). Underweight patients were more likely to have pre-existing cardiovascular disease (P&lt; 0.001) and respiratory disease (P = 0.003).
Age (P &lt; 0.001) and TBSA (P&lt; 0.001) were the only independent variables that demonstrated a statistically significant higher likelihood of death. Being underweight conferred an odds ratio of 2.569 with respect to mortality but it did not rise to statistical significance. Obesity was not an independent risk factor for increased mortality. Underweight patients were more likely be discharged to a rehabilitation or skilled nursing facility and less likely to be sent home (P=0.002). There was no difference in TBSA, total length of stay, ICU or ventilator days amongst the six groups.

Conclusions
Having a low or high BMI does not increase the mortality rate of hospitalized burn patients. However, being underweight is a risk factor for a hospital disposition other than home.

Applicability of Research to Practice
Abnormal BMI alone does not confer an increased mortality risk in burn patients. More studies need to be performed to investigate other adverse events related to BMI.