bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time of Emergence for Altimetry‐Based Significant Wave Height Changes in the North Atlantic
Authors: Hochet Antoine , Dodet Guillaume , Sévellec Florian , Bouin Marie‐Noëlle , Patra Anindita , Ardhuin Fabrice 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSatellite observations of significant wave height (Hs) have recently reached 30 years of continuous record. Is this length sufficient to detect the effect of anthropogenically forced climate change on wave height trends? Wave height decadal variability is influenced by a combination of internal variability and forced variability caused by both anthropogenic and natural forcing. Using a statistical model to derive Hs from sea level pressure field and exploiting ERA‐5 reanalysis data as well as 80 members of the Community Earth System Model v2 large ensemble, we show that, over the North Atlantic (NA), altimetry‐based Hs trends are mostly caused by internal variability. This suggests that Hs changes computed over the satellite era are not yet controlled by anthropogenic climate change. Starting from 1993, the date of emergence, defined as the date when the forced signal becomes dominant over the internal variability, is later than 2050 for Hs in the NA.
When the orbital degree of freedom meets higher-order topology
Authors: Li Jiazheng , Xiao Meng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe orbital degree of freedom (ODoF), which has a significant impact on exotic quantum states of matter and solid-state materials, has now been combined with higher-order topology. The experimental realization of a photonic p-orbital higher-order topological insulator can lead to exploring a wide range of novel topological phases involving the ODoF.
Repetitive administration of rituximab can achieve and maintain clinical remission in patients with MCD or FSGS
Authors: Osterholt Thomas , Todorova Polina , Kühne Lucas , Ehren Rasmus , Weber Lutz Thorsten , Grundmann Franziska , Benzing Thomas , Brinkkötter Paul Thomas , Völker Linus Alexander 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMinimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) are glomerulopathies associated with nephrotic syndrome. Primary forms of these diseases are treated with various regimes of immunosuppression. Frequently relapsing or glucocorticoid-dependent courses remain challenging. Here, a B-cell-depleting strategy with rituximab represents a salvage option although data are sparse in the adult population. In particular, there is limited evidence on the efficacy of restoring remission after initial successful treatment with rituximab and whether patients benefit from an individualized, relapse-based approach. We identified 13 patients who received multiple therapies with rituximab from the FOrMe-registry (NCT03949972), a nationwide registry for MCD and FSGS in Germany, or from the University Hospital of Cologne. Disease status, changes in serum creatinine, proteinuria, and time to relapse were evaluated. Relapse-free survival was compared to the patients’ previous therapy regimens. Through all treatment cycles, an improvement of disease activity was shown leading to a complete remission in 72% and partial remission in 26% after 3 ($$p<$$

p
<

0.001) and 6 months ($$p<$$

p
<

0.001). Relapse-free survival increased from 4.5 months (95%-CI 3–10 months) to 21 months (95%-CI 16–32 months) ($$p<$$

p
<

0.001) compared to previous immunosuppression regimens with no loss in estimated glomerular filtration over time (p = 0.53). Compared to continuous B-cell depletion, an individualized relapse-based approach led to a reduced rituximab exposure and significant cost savings. Relapse-based administration of rituximab in patients with MCD/FSGS with an initial good clinical response did not result in a decreased efficacy at a median follow-up duration of 110 months. Thus, reinduction therapies may provide an alternative to continuous B-cell-depletion and reduce the long-term side effects of continuous immunosuppression.
Observing temporal variation in hemolysis through photoacoustics with a low cost LASER diode based system
Authors: Banerjee Soumyodeep , Sarkar Sandip , Saha Shaibal , Hira Sumit K. , Karmakar Subhajit 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPatients under hemolytic condition need continuous monitoring of lysis as depletion of Red Blood Cells (RBC) and the presence of antioxidant free hemoglobin (Hb) in excess amount due to hemolysis lead to severe deterioration of their health. Out of many modalities, Photoacoustics (PA) offers real time information noninvasively from deep lying blood vessels since Hb is the strongest chromophore in mammalian blood and the PA response of blood varies with the amount of Hb present. During hemolysis, total Hb content in blood however remains unchanged, thus, questions the use of PA in hemolysis detection. In this report, a hypothesis that the amplitude of the PA signal would not change with the amount of lysis is framed and tested by applying osmotic shock to the RBCs in hypotonic environment and the PA response is recorded over time using a low cost NIR based PA system. The experimental outcome indicates that PA amplitude falls off as lysis progresses in course of time consequently rejecting the hypothesis. The decaying PA response also carries the signature of RBC swelling during the early phase of lysis. The PA measurement can detect hemolysis as low as 1.7%. These findings further advocate transforming this NIR-PA system into a portable, noninvasive patient care device to monitor hemolysis in-vivo.
Joint estimation of survival and dispersal effectively corrects the permanent emigration bias in mark-recapture analyses
Authors: Badia-Boher Jaume A. , Real Joan , Riera Joan Lluís , Bartumeus Frederic , Parés Francesc , Bas Josep Maria , Hernández-Matías Antonio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRobust and reliable estimates of demographic parameters are essential to understand population dynamics. Natal dispersal is a common process in monitored populations and can cause underestimations of survival and dispersal due to permanent emigration. Here, we present a multistate Bayesian capture-mark-recapture approach based on a joint estimation of natal dispersal kernel and detection probabilities to address biases in survival, dispersal, and related demographic parameters when dispersal information is limited. We implement this approach to long-term data of a threatened population: the Bonelli’s eagle in Catalonia (SW Europe). To assess the method’s performance, we compare demographic estimates structured by sex, age, and breeding status in cases of limited versus large data scales, with those of classical models where dispersal and detection probabilities are estimated separately. Results show substantial corrections of demographic estimates. Natal dispersal and permanent emigration probabilities were larger in females, and consequently, female non-breeder survival showed larger differences between separate and joint estimation models. Moreover, our results suggest that estimates are sensitive to the choice of the dispersal kernel, fat-tailed kernels providing larger values in cases of data limitation. This study provides a general multistate framework to model demographic parameters while correcting permanent emigration biases caused by natal dispersal.
Alternative approach to the DART mission by the use of gravity assist maneuvers with the Moon and solar sails
Authors: Ribeiro Rebeca S. , Meireles Lucas G. , Prado Antônio F. B. A. , de Melo Cristiano F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe formation of our Solar System and planetary defense strategies are among the priorities to be investigated in the next years by the space science community. As in-situ missions to small bodies (as comets and asteroids) are options to conduct these investigations, this paper proposes a combination of methodologies to produce low-cost transfers to near-earth asteroids (NEAs). Low-cost trajectories derived from retrograde periodic orbits around $${L}_{1}$$

L
1

are taken as a starting point for the escape of the Earth-Moon system and, as the vehicle exits the sphere of influence of Earth, the deployment of an adjustable solar sail guarantees the interception of the target in a predetermined position and time of flight. Different sail loadings (164, 61 and 30 g/m2) are tested and a case study to the NEA 65,803 Didymos is presented. The results show economies in the velocity increments required by the mission up to 8.48%, although a longer time of flight might be needed depending on the sail loading.
Endovascular embolization of visceral artery aneurysm: a retrospective study
Authors: Gong Chi , Sun Ming-Sheng , Leng Rui , Ren Hua-Liang , Zheng Kai , Wang Sheng-Xing , Zhu Ren-Ming , Li Chun-Min 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo assess the safety and efficacy of endovascular embolization techniques, we compared the short- to medium-term prognosis of coil embolization for symptomatic visceral aneurysms (SVAA) and asymptomatic visceral aneurysms (ASVAA) to identify risk factors associated with 30-day mortality. Explore the symptom profile and intrinsic associations of SVAA. A retrospective study of 66 consecutive patients at two tertiary care hospitals from 2010 to 2020 compared the short- to mid-term outcomes of 22 symptomatic VAAs and 44 asymptomatic VAAs treated with coil embolization. Univariate and log-rank tests were used to analyze the prognostic impact of SVAA and ASVAA. SVAA group had significantly higher 30-day mortality than ASVAA group (2(9.1%) vs 0, P = 0.042), both patients who died had symptomatic pseudoaneurysms. Perioperative complications such as end-organ ischemia (P = 0.293) and reintervention (P = 1) were similar in both groups. No difference in event-free survival was identified between the two groups (P = 0.900), but we found that the majority of pseudoaneurysms were SVAA (4/5) and that they had a much higher event rate than true aneurysms. In addition, dyslipidemia may be an influential factor in the development of VAA (P = 0.010). Coil embolization is a safe and effective method of treatment for VAA. Most pseudoaneurysms have symptoms such as abdominal pain and bleeding, and in view of their risk, more attention should be paid to symptomatic patients and the nature of the aneurysm should be determined as soon as possible to determine the next stage of treatment.
Gait improvement with wearable cyborg HAL trunk unit for parkinsonian patients: five case reports
Authors: Uehara Akira , Kawamoto Hiroaki , Imai Hisamasa , Shirai Makoto , Sone Masatomi , Noda Sachiko , Sato Shigeto , Hattori Nobutaka , Sankai Yoshiyuki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCybernic treatment involves the generation of an interactive bio-feedback loop between an individual’s nervous system and the worn cyborg Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL); this treatment has been applied for several intractable neuromuscular disorders. Thus, it is of interest to determine its potential for parkinsonian patients. This study confirmed the feasibility of using a HAL trunk unit to improve parkinsonian gait disturbance. HAL establishes functional and physical synchronization with the wearer by providing lateral cyclic forces to the chest in the form of somatosensory and motor cues. To confirm the feasibility of its use for improving parkinsonian gait disturbances, we conducted experiments with three Parkinson’s disease patients and two patients with progressive supranuclear palsy. During the experiments, the immediate effect of the intervention was assessed; all participants exhibited improvements in gait disturbance while wearing the HAL unit, and this improvement effect persisted without the HAL unit in two participants. Afterward, based on the assessment, we conducted a continuous intervention for one participant. In this intervention, the number of steps in the final experiment was significantly decreased compared with the initial state. These findings suggest that the proposed method is an option for treating parkinsonian patients to generate somatosensory and motor cues.
Comparison of rabbit corneal changes during different preservation techniques using optisol-GS and airlift
Authors: Tang Diya , Uematsu Masafumi , Harada Kohei , Mohamed Yasser Helmy , Kusano Mao , Inoue Daisuke , Kitaoka Takashi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA previous study suggested that the airlift condition is superior to the Optisol-GS condition for preserving the limbal tissue of the human cornea. The purpose of this research is to investigate a new preservation device that preserves the cornea while separating epithelial and endothelial areas. The differences after preserving the corneal epithelium under different conditions were compared. A total of 24 corneas of New Zealand rabbits were divided into four groups in which the corneal epithelia were submersed in Optisol-GS or under airlift conditions for 1 and 2 weeks at 4 $$^{\circ }$$

∘

C. Transparency, optical coherence tomography (OCT), hematoxylin and eosin (H &E) staining, and epithelial migration tests were used to assess corneal status. The epithelial migration examination showed significantly greater migration ability after the airlift condition. Corneas in the 1-week Optisol-GS group were the most transparent, followed by the 1-week airlift group. OCT showed a progressive increase in corneal thickness to the end of the study. H &E staining showed that the epithelial cells retained intact cellular structure and morphology of the cells for both 1-week-preserved groups. However, there was disruption of the corneal epithelial cell structure for both 2-week-preserved groups. Corneal epithelium preserved under the hypothermic airlift condition was comparable to that under the Optisol-GS condition.
Feasibility of neural network metamodels for emulation and sensitivity analysis of radionuclide transport models
Authors: Turunen Jari , Lipping Tarmo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper we compare the outputs of neural network metamodels with numerical solutions of differential equation models in modeling cesium-137 transportation in sand. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were trained with differential equation simulation results. Training sets of various sizes (from 5120 to 163,840) were used. First order and total order Sobol methods were applied to both models in order to test the feasibility of neural network metamodels for sensitivity analysis of a radionuclide transport model. Convolutional neural networks were found to be capable of emulating the differential equation models with high accuracy when the training set size was 40,960 or higher. Neural network metamodels also gave similar results compared with the numerical solutions of the partial differential equation model in sensitivity analysis.
In-vitro biological evaluation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethoxy-biphenyl-4,4′-diol and molecular docking studies on trypanothione reductase and Gp63 from Leishmania amazonensis demonstrated anti-leishmania potential
Authors: Schirmann Jéseka G. , Bortoleti Bruna T. S. , Gonçalves Manoela D. , Tomiotto-Pellissier Fernanda , Camargo Priscila G. , Miranda-Sapla Milena M. , Lima Camilo H. S. , Bispo Marcelle L. F. , Costa Idessania N. , Conchon-Costa Ivete , Pavanelli Wander R. , Dekker Robert F. H. , Barbosa-Dekker Aneli M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAvailable treatments for leishmaniasis have been widely used since the 1940s but come at a high cost, variable efficacy, high toxicity, and adverse side-effects. 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethoxy-biphenyl-4,4′-diol (TMBP) was synthesized through laccase-catalysis of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and displayed antioxidant and anticancer activity, and is considered a potential drug candidate. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the anti-leishmanial effect of TMBP against promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis and investigated the mechanisms involved in parasite death. TMBP treatment inhibited the proliferation (IC50 0.62–0.86 µM) and induced the death of promastigote forms by generating reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction. In intracellular amastigotes, TMBP reduced the percentage of infected macrophages, being 62.7 times more selective to the parasite (CC50 53.93 µM). TMBP did not hemolyze sheep erythrocytes; indicative of low cytotoxicity. Additionally, molecular docking analysis on two enzyme targets of L. amazonensis: trypanothione reductase (TR) and leishmanolysin (Gp63), suggested that the hydroxyl group could be a pharmacophoric group due to its binding affinity by hydrogen bonds with residues at the active site of both enzymes. TMBP was more selective to the Gp63 target than TR. This is the first report that TMBP is a promising compound to act as an anti-leishmanial agent.
Feeding an unsalable carrot total-mixed ration altered bacterial amino acid degradation in the rumen of lambs
Authors: Forwood Daniel L. , Innes David J. , Parra Mariano C. , Stark Terra , de Souza David P. , Chaves Alex V. , Meale Sarah J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the influence of a total-mixed ration including unsalable carrots at 45% DM on the rumen microbiome; and the plasma, rumen and liver metabolomes. Carrots discarded at processing were investigated as an energy-dense substitute for barley grain in a conventional feedlot diet, and improved feed conversion efficiency by 25%. Here, rumen fluid was collected from 34 Merino lambs at slaughter (n = 16 control; n = 18 carrot) after a feeding period of 11-weeks. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to profile archaeal and bacterial microbe communities. Further, a comprehensive, targeted profile of known metabolites was constructed for blood plasma, rumen fluid and biopsied liver metabolites using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS) metabolomics approach. An in vitro batch culture was used to characterise ruminal fermentation including gas and methane (CH4) production. In vivo rumen microbial community structure of carrot fed lambs was dissimilar (P < 0.01; PERMANOVA), and all measures of alpha diversity were greater (P < 0.01), compared to those fed the control diet. Unclassified genera inBacteroidales(15.9 ± 6.74% relative abundance; RA) were more abundant (P < 0.01) in the rumen fluid of carrot-fed lambs, while unclassified taxa in theSuccinivibrionaceaefamily (11.1 ± 3.85% RA) were greater (P < 0.01) in the control. The carrot diet improved in vitro ruminal fermentation evidenced as an 8% increase (P < 0.01) in DM digestibility and a 13.8% reduction (P = 0.01) in CH4on a mg/ g DM basis, while the control diet increased (P = 0.04) percentage of propionate within total VFA by 20%. Fourteen rumen fluid metabolites and 27 liver metabolites were influenced (P ≤ 0.05) by diet, while no effect (P ≥ 0.05) was observed in plasma metabolites. The carrot diet enriched (impact value = 0.13;P = 0.01) the tyrosine metabolism pathway (acetoacetic acid, dopamine and pyruvate), while the control diet enriched (impact value = 0.42;P ≤ 0.02) starch and sucrose metabolism (trehalose and glucose) in rumen fluid. This study demonstrated that feeding 45% DM unsalable carrots diversified bacterial communities in the rumen. These dietary changes influenced pathways of tyrosine degradation, such that previous improvements in feed conversion efficiency in lambs could be explained.
Visual perceptual load and processing of somatosensory stimuli in primary and secondary somatosensory cortices
Authors: Peters Antje , Brockhoff Laura , Bruchmann Maximilian , Dellert Torge , Moeck Robert , Schlossmacher Insa , Straube Thomas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLoad theory assumes that neural activation to distractors in early sensory cortices is modulated by the perceptual load of a main task, regardless of whether task and distractor share the same sensory modality or not. While several studies have investigated the question of load effects on distractor processing in early sensory areas, there is no functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study regarding load effects on somatosensory stimuli. Here, we used fMRI to investigate effects of visual perceptual load on neural responses to somatosensory stimuli applied to the wrist in a study with 44 participants. Perceptual load was manipulated by an established sustained visual detection task, which avoided simultaneous target and distractor presentations. Load was operationalized by detection difficulty of subtle or clear color changes of one of 12 rotating dots. While all somatosensory stimuli led to activation in somatosensory areas SI and SII, we found no statistically significant difference in brain activation to these stimuli under high compared to low sustained visual load. Moreover, exploratory Bayesian analyses supported the absence of differences. Thus, our findings suggest a resistance of somatosensory processing to at least some forms of visual perceptual load, possibly due to behavioural relevance of discrete somatosensory stimuli and separable attentional resources for the somatosensory and visual modality.
Food provisioning to Pardosa spiders decreases the levels of tissue-resident endosymbiotic bacteria
Authors: Řezáč Milan , Řezáčová Veronika , Gloríková Nela , Némethová Ema , Heneberg Petr 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe diversity, host specificity, and physiological effects of endosymbiotic bacteria in spiders (Araneae) are poorly characterized. We used 16S rDNA sequencing to evaluate endosymbionts in the cephalothorax and legs of a wolf spider Pardosa agrestis. We tested the effects of feeding once or twice daily with fruit flies, aphids, or starved and compared them to those of syntopically occurring Pardosa palustris. The feeding increased traveled distance up to five times in some of the groups provisioned with food relative to the starved control. The Shannon diversity t-test revealed significant differences between these component communities of the two spider species. The increased frequency of feeding with fruit flies, but not aphids, increased the dominance and decreased the alpha diversity of OTUs. The obligate or facultative endosymbionts were present in all analyzed spider individuals and were represented mostly by Rickettsiella, Rhabdochlamydia, Spiroplasma, and the facultative intracellular parasite Legionella. Vertically transmitted endosymbionts were less common, represented by Wolbachia pipientis and Rickettsia sp. H820. The relative abundance of Mycoplasma spp. was negatively correlated with provisioned or killed aphids. In conclusion, the tissues of Pardosa spiders host tremendously diverse assemblages of bacteria, including obligate or facultative endosymbionts, with yet unknown phenotypic effects.
Reduction of thyroid radioactive iodine exposure by oral administration of cyclic oligosaccharides
Authors: Nishi Kodai , Hirota Masahiro , Higaki Shogo , Shiraishi Shinya , Kudo Takashi , Matsuda Naoki , Ito Shigeki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlpha-cyclodextrin, a six d-glucose cyclic oligosaccharide, has several applications in food and pharmaceuticals, but has also been reported to retain iodine in a stable manner for 16 months. Radioactive iodine, which may cause thyroid cancer and hypofunction, must be properly managed. If the absorption of radioactive iodine is suppressed, it can be expected to lead to a reduction in thyroid exposure. This study clarified the inhibition of radioactive iodine absorption by the oral administration of α-cyclodextrin in a murine model using direct measurement of single photon emission computed tomography. The uptake of radioactive iodine into the thyroid gland in mice administered with radioactive iodine and an α-cyclodextrin solution was approximately 40% lower after 24 h. The finding that oral uptake of α-cyclodextrin has an inhibitory effect on the transfer of radioactive iodine to the thyroid gland has potential for application in many fields such as food, pharmaceuticals, nuclear emergency preparedness, and medicine.