bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The inhibitory effect of ovomucoid from egg white on biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Lee Ji‐Eun , Cho Hee Yeon , Lee Jae Hoon , Ahn Dong Uk , Kim Kee‐Tae , Paik Hyun‐Dong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDStreptococcus mutans, the main pathogen associated with tooth decay, forms cariogenic biofilms on tooth surfaces. Therefore, controlling oral biofilm helps prevent dental caries. Hen's egg is a nutrient‐dense food, and egg white is a good source of protein. Ovomucoid is one of the major proteins in egg white, with a 28 kDa molecular weight. The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of ovomucoid on the biofilm formation of S. mutans by suppressing virulence factors, including bacterial adherence, cellular aggregation and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production.RESULTSCrystal violet staining showed that biofilm formation by S. mutans was inhibited by ovomucoid at 0.25–1 mg mL−1 levels. Field emission scanning electron microscopy also confirmed this inhibition. In addition, ovomucoid reduced mature biofilm, water‐insoluble EPS synthesis and the metabolic activity of bacterial cells in the biofilm. The bacterial adhesion and aggregation abilities of S. mutans were also decreased in the presence of ovomucoid. Ovomucoid downregulated the expression of comDE and vicR genes involved in the two‐component signal transduction system and gtfA and ftf genes involved in EPS production.CONCLUSIONOvomucoid has the potential for use as an anti‐biofilm agent for dental caries treatment because of its inhibitory effects on the virulence factors of S. mutans. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
An investigation of the catalytic performance of Fe–Mn/Al2O3 nanocatalyst for light olefins production using RSM method and kinetic study
Authors: Arsalanfar Maryam 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Fe–Mn/Al2O3 nanocatalysts were manufactured via the sol‐gel procedure and were evaluated for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. The impact of different operational parameters of T, P, and H2/CO ratio on the catalytic performance for light olefins production has been studied using response surface methodology (RSM). Furthermore, the optimization and modeling of selected responses were also carried out via RSM and historical data design type of DOE; and the best process conditions were found to be T = 365°C, H2/CO = 1.50, and P = 1.50 bar. The mechanism of CO hydrogenation reaction over the Fe–Mn/Al2O3 nanocatalysts was also investigated using the non‐linear regression method. It was found that the mechanism of the CO hydrogenation reaction is based on the Eley–Rideal type and the best‐fitted equation for this mechanism was found to be −rCO = KPCOPH2/1+αPCO. The obtained value of activation energy (85.20 kJ mol−1) affirmed the absence of internal mass transfer limitations. The physico‐chemical properties of the samples were investigated by various techniques of XRD, BET, TPR, TGA, and DSC.
Probing the Effects of Antimicrobial‐Lysozyme Derivatization on Enzymatic Degradation of Poly(ε‐caprolactone) Film and Fiber
Authors: Maroju Pranay Amruth , Ganesan Ramakrishnan , Ray Dutta Jayati 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSurface derivatization is essential for incorporating unique functionalities into biodegradable polymers. Nonetheless, its precise effects on enzymatic biodegradation still lack comprehensive understanding. In this study, a facile solution‐based method is employed to surface derivatize poly(ε‐caprolactone) films and electrospun fibers with lysozyme, aiming to impart antimicrobial properties and examine the impact on enzymatic degradation. The derivatized films and fibers have shown high antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Through gravimetric analysis, it is observed that the degradation rate experiences a slight decrease upon lysozyme derivatization. However, this reduction is effectively countered by the inclusion of Tween‐20, as affirmed by isothermal titration calorimetry. Comparing films and fibers, the latter undergoes degradation at a more accelerated pace, coupled with a rapid decline in molecular weight. This study provides valuable insights into the factors influencing the degradation of surface‐derivatized biopolymers through electrospinning, offering a simple strategy to mitigate biomaterial‐associated infections.
Existence and Ulam‐type stability for impulsive oscillating systems with pure delay
Authors: Pu Wenpeng , Li Mengmeng 
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we first introduce the new concept of an impulsive delayed vector function, which helps us to build the representation of an exact solution for the linear impulsive oscillating differential delay systems (IODDSs). Second, we derive some sufficient conditions to guarantee the existence and uniqueness of solution by Schauder's and Banach's fixed point theorems for a new class of nonlinear IODDSs. Finally, we obtain the Ulam‐Hyers stability (UHs) and Ulam‐Hyers‐Rassias stability (UHRs) for nonlinear IODDSs, and two examples are presented to illustrate the main results of our study.
An enriched mixed finite element model for the simulation of microseismic and acoustic emissions in fractured porous media with multi‐phase flow and thermal coupling
Authors: Komijani Mohammad , Wriggers Peter , Goudarzi Taha 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA novel mixed enriched finite element model is developed for coupled non‐linear thermo‐hydro‐mechanical simulation of fractured porous media with three‐phase flow and thermal coupling. Simulation of induced acoustic emission (AE) and microseismic emission (ME) due to tensile fracturing and shear slip instability of pre‐existing fracture interfaces is carried out and the numerical results of the emitted signals are analysed. The mathematical model is based on the generalized Biot's theory for coupled interaction of solid and fluid phases. A computationally robust non‐linear solver is developed to handle the severe non‐linearities arising from fluid saturations, relative permeabilities of fluids, constitutive models of interfaces and convective thermal coupling. To model pre‐existing natural fractures and faults, discrete fracture propagation and nucleation of cracks (micro‐cracking) independently of the original mesh topology, a local Partition‐of‐Unity (PU) finite element method, namely, the Phantom Node Method (PNM) is implemented. The cohesive fracture modelling scheme is implemented to account for the non‐linear behaviour of fracturing and localization, and to rectify the non‐physical stress singularity condition at the fracture tip. Effects of different system parameters on fracturing, shear‐slip instability and the associated induced AEs and MEs are investigated through various numerical results.
A novel approach to legacy donations with long‐term benefits supported by mathematical analysis
Authors: Solow Daniel , Symes Robin , Webb Natalie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA novel approach to legacy donations, called the “Master Fund Strategy,” is proposed. Potential long‐term financial benefits for both donor and nonprofit organizations (NPOs) when compared to a “Traditional Fund Strategy” are established through mathematical analysis and computer simulations, providing nonprofit marketing and fundraising professionals an alternative way to lock in bequest funding. In particular, formulas are developed for computing relevant financial quantities associated with the two strategies. Conditions are presented under which the Master Fund Strategy is better than the Traditional Fund Strategy, in the sense that there is a point in time when the net present value of the distributions to the NPO under the Master Fund Strategy exceeds that of a Traditional Fund Strategy and continues to do so beyond that point. These analytical results are obtained under the assumption that the investment rates of return and the fund payouts rates are known constants; however, formulas for relaxing these restrictions are also developed and the consequences are examined with Monte Carlo simulations.
BMI at different childhood age periods associated with cardiometabolic disorders in young adulthood
Authors: Qian Yi , Kong Yawei , Wan Naijun , Yan Yinkun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate when the association between childhood obesity and adult cardiometabolic disorders starts to be operative.MethodsThe study cohort included 811 participants who had data on blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, or alanine aminotransferase in adulthood and had at least one measurement of BMI in childhood.ResultsChildhood BMI z score was significantly associated with increased risks of ≥1 cardiometabolic disorders, ≥2 cardiometabolic disorders, and elevated blood pressure in adulthood for age groups of 6 to 9 years, 10 to 12 years, 13 to 15 years, and 16 to 18 years, after adjustment for covariates. For low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, significant associations were observed for age groups of 10 to 12 years, 13 to 15 years, and 16 to 18 years. For elevated triglyceride and elevated alanine aminotransferase, significant associations were observed for age groups of 13 to 15 years and 16 to 18 years. For insulin resistance, significant associations were observed for age groups of 10 to 12 years and 16 to 18 years. For elevated total cholesterol, elevated low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, or elevated fasting blood glucose, no association was observed in any age group.ConclusionsThe association between childhood BMI and adult cardiometabolic disorders begins to be operative from early life. These results support universal screening of childhood obesity starting at an early age.
Leadership Training Curriculum for Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Residents: A Scoping Review
Authors: Standiford Taylor C. , Eltawil Yasmin , Durr Megan L. , Pletcher Steven D. , Chang Jolie L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveOtolaryngologists take on various leadership roles throughout their daily practice, but specific training focused on leadership development during otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (OHNS) residency is not well‐defined. This project explores the current state of leadership curricula for OHNS residents.Data SourcesGoogle Scholar, Embase, PubMed, and MedEdPORTAL.Review MethodsA scoping review was performed on English‐language, full‐text, peer‐reviewed articles that describe leadership curricula for OHNS residents. Investigators reviewed curriculum settings, content, delivery methods, and assessment; curriculum effectiveness was evaluated using Kirkpatrick effectiveness scores and article quality was assessed using the Best Evidence in Medical Education (BEME) index.ConclusionThree thousand four hundred sixteen articles met search criteria, 198 articles were included for full‐text review, and 4 articles met inclusion criteria. Curriculum content and delivery methods were diverse. Curriculum cadence ranged from 2‐day immersion trainings to year‐long longitudinal programs. Only one of the included studies utilized a needs assessment to inform curriculum development. Two articles achieved Kirkpatrick effectiveness scores of 2, indicating changes in the attitudes or perceptions among participants and a quality measure of 3, indicating clear conclusions drawn from the results.Implications for PracticeThe current state of leadership training in OHNS residency is limited and nonuniform. These data align with descriptions of leadership training in other surgical residencies which are reported as heterogenous and lacking in effectiveness. This review highlights the need for standardized leadership training for OHNS residents. The high‐quality leadership development initiatives within graduate medical education are reviewed to inform future directions for effective curriculum development and assessment.
Overexpression of BQ323636.1 contributes to anastrozole resistance in AR+ve/ER+ve breast cancer
Authors: Tsoi Ho , Lok Johann , Man Ellen PS , Cheng Cheuk‐Nam , Leung Man‐Hong , You Chan‐Ping , Chan Sum‐Yin , Chan Wing‐Lok , Khoo Ui‐Soon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAromatase inhibitors (Ais) are used as adjuvant endocrine therapy for oestrogen receptor‐positive (ER+ve) post‐menopausal breast cancer patients. Ais, by inhibiting the enzyme aromatase, block the conversion of androgen to oestrogen, reducing oestrogen levels. Resistance to Ais limits their clinical utilisation. Here, we show that overexpression of BQ323636.1 (BQ), a novel splice variant of nuclear co‐repressor NCOR2, is associated with resistance to the non‐steroidal aromatase inhibitor anastrozole in ER+ve post‐menopausal breast cancer. Mechanistic study indicates that BQ overexpression enhances androgen receptor (AR) activity and in the presence of anastrozole, causes hyper‐activation of AR signalling, which unexpectedly enhanced cell proliferation, through increased expression of CDK2, CDK4, and CCNE1. BQ overexpression reverses the effect of anastrozole in ER+ve breast cancer in an AR‐dependent manner, whilst co‐treatment with the AR antagonist bicalutamide recovered its therapeutic effect both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, for BQ‐overexpressing breast cancer, targeting AR can combat anastrozole resistance. Clinical study of 268 primary breast cancer samples of ER+ve patients who had been treated with non‐steroidal Ais showed 32.5% (38/117) of cases with combined high nuclear expression of BQ and AR, which were found to be significantly associated with Ai resistance. Non‐steroidal Ai‐treated patients with high nuclear expression of both BQ and AR had poorer overall, disease‐specific, and disease‐free survival. These findings suggest the importance of assessing BQ and AR expression status in the primary ER+ve breast tumour prior to Ai treatment. This may save patients from inappropriate treatment and enable effective therapy to be given at an early stage. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Shear performance assessment of repaired honeycomb sandwich composite panels: An experimental and numerical study
Authors: Zhang Yidong , Sun Xinyang , Liao Feng , Qiao Yijun , Lei Guannan , Lu Huihu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article presents an effective test method for evaluating the shear performance of repaired honeycomb sandwich panels consisting of glass fiber/epoxy matrix skin and Nomex honeycomb core. Addressing the insufficient research on the shear performance of honeycomb sandwich panels after repair in existing literature, this study conducted mechanical performance tests on the honeycomb sandwich panels before and after repair using the picture frame test method. Surface strain measurements are obtained using digital image correlation (DIC) techniques, and load–displacement and shear stress–strain curves are generated from the experimental results. The study concludes that the repair method utilized in this investigation is effective in restoring the mechanical properties of the sandwich panels. In addition, finite element models of the honeycomb sandwich panels before and after repair are established, and a comparative analysis is conducted between the experimental and simulation results. The study examines the shear modulus, ultimate load, and failure mode of the repaired and unrepaired specimens. The findings verify the feasibility of the picture frame test method for evaluating the shear performance of honeycomb sandwich panels. This study provides valuable insights into the design of shear performance repair for honeycomb sandwich panels and offers theoretical support for material recycling.
Molecular dynamics approach for the calculation of the surface loss probabilities of neutral species in argon–methane plasma
Authors: Otakandza‐Kandjani Glenn‐Christopher , Brault Pascal , Mikikian Maxime , Michau Armelle , Hassouni Khaled 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulations are carried out for calculating the surface loss probabilities of neutral species from an argon–methane plasma. These probabilities are the sum of the sticking and surface recombination probabilities. This study considers both the formation of reactive and nonreactive volatile species for evaluating recombination probabilities. Results show that stable species are reflected when hydrocarbon film starts growing on the surface. CH3 is mainly lost by surface recombination leading to the formation of volatile products while very little contributes to film growth. C2H has surface loss probability in agreement with the literature. While C2H loss is usually attributed to sticking on the surface, our results show that its main loss process is due to surface recombination.
A review of biocontrol agents in controlling late blight of potatoes and tomatoes caused by Phytophthora infestans and the underlying mechanisms
Authors: Wang Weizhen , Long Youhua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhytophthora infestans causes late blight on potatoes and tomatoes, which has a significant economic impact on agriculture. The management of late blight has been largely dependent on the application of synthetic fungicides, which is not an ultimate solution for sustainable agriculture and environmental safety. Biocontrol strategies are expected to be alternative methods to the conventional chemicals in controlling plant diseases in the integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Well‐studied biocontrol agents against Phytophthora infestans include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, and compounds produced by these antagonists, in addition to certain bioactive metabolites produced by plants. Laboratory and glasshouse experiments suggest a potential for using biocontrol in practical late blight disease management. However, the transition of biocontrol to field applications is problematic for the moment, due to low and variable efficacies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary on these biocontrol strategies and the underlying corresponding mechanisms. To give a more intuitive understanding of the promising biocontrol agents against Phytophthora infestans in agricultural systems, we discuss the utilizations, modes of action and future potentials of these antagonists based on their taxonomic classifications. To achieve a goal of best possible results produced by biocontrol agents, it is suggested to work on field trials, strain modifications, formulations, regulations, and optimizations of application. Combined biocontrol agents having different modes of action or biological adaptation traits may be used to strengthen the biocontrol efficacy. More importantly, biological control agents should be applied in the coordination of other existing and forthcoming methods in the IPM programs. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Understanding motives for international migration: A survey of Dutch retirement migrants in forty destinations
Authors: Spaan Juul , Henkens Kène , Kalmijn Matthijs 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPrior studies have examined why people emigrate from their country of birth during retirement. By focusing on describing motives for international retirement migration, these studies overlook what inhibits or enables people to have particular motives to migrate. We collected data from a representative sample of Dutch nationals aged 66–90 who were born in the Netherlands and migrated after age 50. We distinguish seven—not mutually exclusive—migration motives: longing for tranquillity, the culture in the destination, to start a new life, a better climate, economic reasons, health reasons and dissatisfaction with the origin country. Using Ordinary Least Square regressions, we estimate how people's socioeconomic status, premigration health, premigration residential environment, cultural values and personality traits explain migration motives. We examine how motives relate to destination countries. The results show that there are various motives for which people migrate and that different types of motives are systematically related to the types of people who migrate. For example, people with a lower socioeconomic status are more likely to migrate for economic and dissatisfaction motives and less likely to migrate for tranquillity than people with a higher socioeconomic status. By distinguishing migration motives in 12 destinations, we broaden our understanding of out‐migration from high‐income countries.
Adaptive designs for IVPT data with mixed scaled average bioequivalence
Authors: Lim Daeyoung , Rantou Elena , Kim Jessica , Choi Sungwoo , Choi Nam Hee , Grosser Stella 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn vitro permeation tests (IVPT) offer accurate and cost‐effective development pathways for locally acting drugs, such as topical dermatological products. For assessment of bioequivalence, the FDA draft guidance on generic acyclovir 5% cream introduces a new experimental design, namely the single‐dose, multiple‐replicate per treatment group design, as IVPT pivotal study design. We examine the statistical properties of its hypothesis testing method—namely the mixed scaled average bioequivalence (MSABE). Meanwhile, some adaptive design features in clinical trials can help researchers make a decision earlier with fewer subjects or boost power, saving resources, while controlling the impact on family‐wise error rate. Therefore, we incorporate MSABE in an adaptive design combining the group sequential design and sample size re‐estimation. Simulation studies are conducted to study the passing rates of the proposed methods—both within and outside the average bioequivalence limits. We further consider modifications to the adaptive designs applied for IVPT BE trials, such as Bonferroni's adjustment and conditional power function. Finally, a case study with real data demonstrates the advantages of such adaptive methods.
Soil chemical properties 12 years after termination of cattle manure and swine effluent applications
Authors: Schlegel Alan J. , Holman Johnathon D. , Obour Augustine K. , Haag Lucas , Bond H. Dewayne , Assefa Yared 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFor how long the nutrient supply from long‐term application of manure and swine effluent will last to sustain crop production after applications had ceased is a research gap. We quantified the change in soil chemical properties 12 years after cattle manure and swine effluent applications had ceased. Data were collected in 2008 (termination of applications) and 2020 on a long‐term animal waste study at the Kansas State University, Southwest Research‐Extension Center near Tribune, KS. Treatments were three levels of cattle manure and swine effluent (phosphorus, P; nitrogen, N; and 2N) and an untreated control. Soil profile NO3‐N declined 78%–95%, 70%–82%, and 58% from the initial amount in 2008 compared to the amount remaining in 2020 in the swine effluent, cattle manure, and an untreated check, respectively. Profile NO3‐N levels were greatly elevated by the P‐based swine effluent treatment and the 2N rate of both cattle manure and swine effluent and remained high (>250 kg ha−1) after 12 years. Total nitrogen in the surface soil decreased by 11%–27% for cattle manure treatments with little change in the swine effluent and check treatments. Total carbon concentration in the surface soil decreased from 22% to 31% for cattle manure treatments and from 7% to 14% for swine effluent and check treatments. Mehlich‐3 P decreased significantly for the cattle manure treatments (41%–53%) but still remained very high (>100 mg kg−1). Soil test P levels in the swine treatments were similar to the check treatment. Application of cattle manure and swine effluent has lasting effects on many soil chemical properties long after ceasing applications.