bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do patients with type 2 diabetes have impaired hip bone microstructure? A study using 3D modeling of hip dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
Authors: Ubago-Guisado Esther , Moratalla-Aranda Enrique , González-Salvatierra Sheila , Gil-Cosano José J. , García-Fontana Beatriz , García-Fontana Cristina , Gracia-Marco Luis , Muñoz-Torres Manuel 
Published: January 2023

AimPatients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have more risk of bone fractures. However, areal bone mineral density (aBMD) by conventional dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is not useful for identifying this risk. This study aims to evaluate 3D-DXA parameters determining the cortical and trabecular compartments in patients with T2DM compared to non-diabetic subjects and to identify their determinants.Materials and methodsCase-control study in 111 T2DM patients (65.4 ± 7.6 years old) and 134 non-diabetic controls (64.7 ± 8.6-year-old). DXA, 3D-DXA modelling via 3D-Shaper software and trabecular bone score (TBS) were used to obtain aBMD, cortical and trabecular parameters, and lumbar spine microarchitecture, respectively. In addition, biochemical markers as 25-hydroxyvitamin d, type I procollagen N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were analysed.ResultsMean-adjusted values showed higher aBMD (5.4%-7.7%, ES: 0.33-0.53) and 3D-DXA parameters (4.1%-10.3%, ES: 0.42-0.68) in the T2DM group compared with the control group. However, TBS was lower in the T2DM group compared to the control group (-14.7%, ES: 1.18). In addition, sex (β = 0.272 to 0.316) and body mass index (BMI) (β = 0.236 to 0.455) were the most consistent and positive predictors of aBMD (p ≤ 0.01). BMI and P1NP were negative predictors of TBS (β = -0.530 and -0.254, respectively, p ≤ 0.01), while CTX was a positive one (β = 0.226, p=0.02). Finally, BMI was consistently the strongest positive predictor of 3D-DXA parameters (β = 0.240 to 0.442, p&lt;0.05).ConclusionPatients with T2DM present higher bone mass measured both by conventional DXA and 3D-DXA, suggesting that 3D-DXA technology is not capable of identifying alterations in bone structure in this population. Moreover, BMI was the most consistent determinant in all bone outcomes.
Relationship between body composition, insulin resistance, and hormonal profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Zhang Haolin , Wang Wei , Zhao Jiaming , Jiao Peijie , Zeng Lin , Zhang Hua , Zhao Yue , Shi Li , Hu Hangqi , Luo Liyan , Fukuzawa Ii , Li Dong , Li Rong , Qiao Jie 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveTo investigate how body fat influences glucose metabolism and hormone profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), compared to women without PCOS.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 166 women with PCOS and 139 age-matched control women at Peking University Third Hospital (Beijing, China) from March 2016 to December 2021. All participants underwent bioimpedance rate assessment of clinical, anthropometric, hormonal, and metabolic features. In particular, body composition parameters were assessed, based on the methods used in a previous study. Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and other indices calculated from fasting glucose and insulin were used to measure insulin resistance. The hormonal profiles [follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen (E2), prolactin (PRL), total testosterone (T), and androstenedione (A2)] were assessed by using biochemical methods. Two subgroup analyses were conducted according to waist-to-hip ratio (WHR; &lt; 0.85, non-central obesity and ≥ 0.85, central obesity) and body fat percentage (BFP; &lt; 35% for lean and ≥35% for obesity). The indices above were analyzed using a two-sided t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test. Linear regression was used to investigate the effects of body composition on metabolism and sex hormones in the PCOS and control groups.ResultsCompared to women without PCOS, women with PCOS and central obesity (P=0.021), PCOS and noncentral obesity (P&lt;0.001), PCOS and high BFP (P&lt;0.001), and PCOS and low BFP (P&lt;0.001) had more severe glucose metabolism evaluated with HOMA-IR. Women with PCOS experienced greater insulin sensitivity impairment than did the normal population for every equal increase in BFP. LH, LH/FSH, total testosterone, and androstenedione were significantly higher in patients with PCOS than in healthy controls, regardless of WHR and BFP stratification. However, negative correlations existed between body fat indices (i.e., BFP and body mass index) and hormone indices (i.e., LH and androstenedione) in the PCOS group, but were absent in the control group.ConclusionsObese and non-obese women with PCOS have more severe insulin resistance and sex-hormone disorders than women without PCOS. The effect of body fat on sex-hormone disorders is only exist in women with PCOS. These findings suggested that PCOS clinical guidelines should be more specific to body fat.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/, Registration No. NCT04264832.
An unsteady RANS study of thermal striping in a T-junction with sodium streams mixing at different temperatures
Authors: Duan Jinping , Huang Xiaoxue 
Published: January 2023

Thermal striping in a T-junction with sodium streams mixing at different temperatures is studied using unsteady Reynolds-averaged simulation (RANS). Different parameters including the momentum ratio of the streams (0.2–4.3), the temperature difference between the streams (15–35 K), and the bulk Reynolds number (5,000–9,000) are investigated. Simulation results demonstrate that the flow pattern is mainly determined by the momentum ratio, while the temperature difference and the bulk Reynolds number have little influence within the range considered. The location of the separation point of the recirculation zone increases with the momentum ratio while the location of the thermal front decreases with it. In addition, the sensitivity of the temperature fluctuations to a range of low-Reynolds-number turbulence models are studied, which demonstrate that the time-varying temperature fluctuations predicted by these turbulence models are significantly smaller than the experimental measurements. High-fidelity simulations which fully resolve the temperature fluctuations will be carried out as the future work to complement the statistics of the temperature fluctuation.
Simulation, prediction and driving factor analysis of ecological risk in Savan District, Laos
Authors: Xuexian Xu , Yuling Peng , Wenjie Qin 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: In recent years, Laos, with its unique geographical advantages, has vigorously developed overseas trade and cultural tourism industry, which has promoted local economic development and introduced numerous ecological and environmental problems.Method: Therefore, this research took Savan District as the research area, built the landscape ecological risk assessment model to reveal the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of Savan District’s ecological risk from 2000 to 2020. Then, the Geodetector model was utilized to explain the driving forces behind changes in the landscape’s ecological risk. Finally, the Markov-PLUS coupling model was used to simulate and predict the changes in the land use pattern and ecological risk in the Savan District in 2030.Results: The following results are presented. 1) The landscape types in Savan District are mainly cultivated land and forest land, with the lowest degree of landscape fragmentation and loss, and the highest degree of landscape loss in unused land. 2) From 2000 to 2020, the average ecological risk index of the whole study area was low and showed a decreasing trend yearly, with the area of low-risk areas accounting for more than 90%. 3) In 2030, the average ecological risk index of the entire Savan District and the two provinces will rise, meanwhile the low-risk areas in the midwest regions and high-risk areas in the northwest will increase.Discussion: This study can guide the future coordinated development of the social economy and ecological environment in Savan District, Laos, and has good reference significance for ecological construction in similar areas in Southeast Asia.
Impact of dry deposition flux and dust intrusion phenomena on elemental concentrations of air particulate matter
Authors: Dawood Abdallah M. A. , Akortia Eric , Alsufyani Sultan J. , Gbeddy Gustav 
Published: January 2023

Depositions of trace elements of air particulates in the atmosphere have gained much attention in recent times due to their environmental, climatic and health impacts. In the current study, trace elements of size-segregated rural and urban particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM2.5−10) were characterized using particle-induced X-ray emission method. Effects of dry deposition flux and Saharan dust intrusion on the elemental concentrations were determined. The mean elemental concentration in the rural fine PM ranged between 0.0002 ± 0.0002 μg m−3 (for Se) and 0.6658 ± 0.5816 μg m−3 (for S) whereas in the urban fine PM the concentration ranged between 0.0007 ± 0.0008 μg m−3 (for As) and 0.5869 ± 0.3429 μg m−3 (for Ca). In the coarse PM fraction, concentration ranged between 0.0001 ± 0.0001 μg m−3 (for Se) and 0.5886 ± 0.5343 μg m−3 (for Ca) at the rural site; and between 0.0002 ± 0.0002 μg m−3 (for Se) and 1.9201 ± 1.911 μg m−3 (for Ca) at the urban site. Mainly crustal elements (Al, Ca, Fe) and ‘pollution’ source element (S) recorded high and significant dry deposition fluxes across the two sites in both PM modes. Deposition flux was relatively higher in the coarse than in the fine PM mode. The average dry deposition flux estimated for fine and coarse PM at the rural and urban sites were 33.68 ± 57.19 μg m−2 day−1 and 47.71 ± 92.19 μg m−2 day−1; 36.66 ± 61.95 μg m−2 day−1 and 107.02 ± 237.71 μg m−2 day−1, respectively. Mainly crustal (Al, Ca, Fe) and “pollution” (S) element recorded high and significant dry deposition fluxes across the two sites and in the two PM modes. The impacts of dust on climate, air quality, and the environment in general have increased the need to better understand the dust flow system. In the current study, dust intruding the study area from the Sahara was analyzed using the NMMB/BSC dust model. The model’s output indicated that, the highest daily surface dust concentration was observed in the central and south-west of Turkey which corresponded with the peak period of Saharan dust transport to the Eastern Mediterranean in the month of March.
Simultaneous detection of G6PD mutations using SNPscan in a multiethnic minority area of Southwestern China
Authors: Wei Huagui , Wang Chunfang , Huang Weiyi , He Liqiao , Liu Yaqun , Huang Huiying , Chen Wencheng , Zheng Yuzhong , Xu Guidan , Lin Liyun , Wei Wujun , Chen Weizhong , Chen Liying , Wang Junli , Lin Min 
Published: January 2023

Objectives: Baise, a multiethnic inhabited area of southwestern China, is a historical malaria-endemic area with a high prevalence of G6PD deficiency. However, few studies of G6PD deficiency have been conducted in this region. Therefore, we performed a genetic analysis of G6PD deficiency in the Baise population from January 2020 to June 2021.Methods: A SNPscan assay was developed to simultaneously detect 33 common Chinese G6PD mutations. 30 G6PD-deficient samples were used for the method’s validation. Then, a total of 709 suspected G6PD-deficient samples collated from the Baise population were evaluated for G6PD status, type of mutation and effect of mutations.Results: The SNPscan test had a sensitivity of 100% [95% confidence interval (CI): 94.87%–100%] and a specificity of 100% (95% CI: 87.66%–100%) for identifying G6PD mutations. A total of fifteen mutations were identified from 76.72% (544/709) of the samples. The most common mutation was discovered to be G6PD Kaiping (24.12%), followed by G6PD Canton (17.91%), and G6PD Gaohe (11.28%). We compared the G6PD mutation spectrum among Zhuang, Han and other Southeast Asian populations, and the Zhuang population’s mutation distribution was quite similar to that in the Han population.Conclusion: This study provided a detailed G6PD mutation spectrum in Baise of southwestern China and will be valuable for the diagnosis and research of G6PD deficiency in this area. Furthermore, the SNPscan assay could be used to quickly diagnose these G6PD mutations accurately.
Transcriptome-wide analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms of cannabinoid type II receptor agonists in cardiac injury induced by chronic psychological stress
Authors: Qin Cheng , Wang Yujia , Zhang Yang , Zhu Yan , Wang Yabin , Cao Feng 
Published: January 2023

Background: Growing evidence has supported that chronic psychological stress would cause heart damage, However the mechanisms involved are not clear and effective interventions are insufficient. Cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) can be a potential treatment for cardiac injury. This study is aimed to investigate the protective mechanism of CB2R agonist against chronic psychological stress-induced cardiac injury.Methods: A mouse chronic psychological stress model was constructed based on a chronic unpredictable stress pattern. Mice were performed a three-week psychological stress procedure, and cardiac tissues of them were collected for whole-transcriptome sequencing. Overlap analysis was performed on differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) and ER stress-related genes (ERSRGs), and bioinformatic methods were used to predict the ceRNA networks and conduct pathway analysis. The expressions of the DE-ERSRGs were validated by RT-qPCR.Results: In the comparison of DE mRNA in Case group, Control group and Treatment group, three groups of ceRNA networks and ceRNA (circ) networks were constructed. The DE-mRNAs were mainly enriched in chromatid-relevant terms and Hematopoietic cell lineage pathway. Additionally, 13 DE-ERSRGs were obtained by the overlap analysis, which were utilized to establish a ceRNA network with 15 nodes and 14 edges and a ceRNA (circ) network with 23 nodes and 28 edges. Furthermore, four DE-ERSRGs (Cdkn1a, Atf3, Fkbp5, Gabarapl1) in the networks were key, which were mainly enriched in response to extracellular stimulus, response to nutrient levels, cellular response to external stimulus, and FoxO signaling pathway. Finally, the RT-qPCR results showed almost consistent expression patterns of 13 DE-ERSRGs between the transcriptome and tissue samples.Conclusion: The findings of this study provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of chronic psychological stress-induced cardiac diseases and reveal novel targets for the cardioprotective effects of CB2R agonists.
The power of geohistorical boundaries for modeling the genetic background of human populations: The case of the rural catalan Pyrenees
Authors: Fibla Joan , Maceda Iago , Laplana Marina , Guerrero Montserrat , Álvarez Miguel Martín , Burgueño Jesús , Camps Agustí , Fàbrega Jordi , Felisart Josefina , Grané Joan , Remón José Luis , Serra Jordi , Moral Pedro , Lao Oscar 
Published: January 2023

The genetic variation of the European population at a macro-geographic scale follows genetic gradients which reflect main migration events. However, less is known about factors affecting mating patterns at a micro-geographic scale. In this study we have analyzed 726,718 autosomal single nucleotide variants in 435 individuals from the catalan Pyrenees covering around 200 km of a vast and abrupt region in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, for which we have information about the geographic origin of all grand-parents and parents. At a macro-geographic scale, our analyses recapitulate the genetic gradient observed in Spain. However, we also identified the presence of micro-population substructure among the sampled individuals. Such micro-population substructure does not correlate with geographic barriers such as the expected by the orography of the considered region, but by the bishoprics present in the covered geographic area. These results support that, on top of main human migrations, long ongoing socio-cultural factors have also shaped the genetic diversity observed at rural populations.
Novel immune-related prognostic model and nomogram for breast cancer based on ssGSEA
Authors: Li Linrong , Li Lin , Liu Mohan , Li Yan , Sun Qiang 
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to construct an immune-related prognostic model and a nomogram to predict the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) of breast cancer patients. We applied single-sample gene set enrichment analysis to classify 1,053 breast cancer samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database into high and low immune cell infiltration clusters. In cluster construction and validation, the R packages “GSVA,” “hclust,” “ESTIMATE,” and “CIBERSORT” and GSEA software were utilized. ImmPort, univariate Cox regression analysis, and Venn analysis were then used to identify 42 prognostic immune-related genes. Eventually, the genes TAPBPL, RAC2, IL27RA, ULBP2, PSMB8, SOCS3, NFKBIE, IGLV6-57, CXCL1, IGHD, AIMP1, and CXCL13 were chosen for model construction utilizing least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis. The Kaplan–Meier curves of both the training and validation sets indicated that the overall survival of patients in the low-risk group was superior to that of patients in the high-risk group (p &lt; .05). The areas under curves (AUCs) of the model at 1, 3, and 5 years were, respectively, .697, .710, and .675 for the training set and .930, .688, and .712 for the validation set. Regarding clinicopathologic characteristics, breast cancer-related genes, and tumor mutational burden, effective differentiation was achieved between high-risk and low-risk groups. A nomogram integrating the risk model and clinicopathologic factors was constructed using the “rms” R software package. The nomogram’s 1-, 3-, and 5-year AUCs were .828, .783, and .751, respectively. Overall, our study developed an immune-related model and a nomogram that could reliably predict OS for breast cancer patients, and offered insights into tumor immune and pathological mechanisms.
Construction and validation of a nomogram for patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A population study of 5,927 patients
Authors: Huang Gaobo , Song Weilun , Zhang Yanchao , Ren Bingyi , Lv Yi , Liu Kang 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundPancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are a group of uncommon tumors derived from peptide neurons and neuroendocrine cells, and account for roughly 2% to 4% of all pancreatic neoplasms. This study aimed to construct and validate a nomogram for predicting the prognosis of patients with pNETs. Our data came from the SEER database.MethodsA total of 5927 pNETs patients between 2004 and 2018 were included in this study. The nomogram was constructed base on eight prognostic factors and validated by C-index, ROC curve and calibration curves. A nomogram based on eight independent prognostic factors (patient age, sex, race, tumor grade, AJCC T, AJCC N, AJCC M, surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, tumor function and marital status) was developed for the prediction of CSS at 3 and 5 years.ResultsThe C-index and AUCs of the nomogram demonstrated that its superiority in discrimination over AJCC staging system. The calibration plots showed the good consistency between predictions and actual observations.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our nomogram could better predict the prognosis of pNETs patients than AJCC staging system. The nomogram could be improved by integrating more important factors other than SEER database.
T cell activation profiles can distinguish gram negative/positive bacterial sepsis and are associated with ICU discharge
Authors: Huang Canxia , Xiong Hui , Li Weichao , Peng Lu , Zheng Yukai , Liao Wenhua , Zhou Minggen , Xu Ying 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionSepsis is a life-threatening complication resulting from a dysregulated host response to a serious infection, of which bacteria are the most common cause. A rapid differentiation of the gram negative (G-)/gram positive (G+) pathogens facilitates antibiotic treatment, which in turn improves patients’ survival.MethodsWe performed a prospective, observational study of adult patients in intensive care unit (ICU) unit and underwent the analysis of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets, cytokines and other clinical indexes. The enrolled 94 patients were divided into no infection group (n=28) and bacterial sepsis group (n=66), and the latter group was subdivided into G- (n=46) and G+ (n=20) sepsis subgroups.ResultsThe best immune biomarker which differentiated the diagnosis of G- sepsis from G+ sepsis, included activation markers of CD69, human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) on CD3+CD8+T subset. The ratio of CD3+CD4+CD69+T/CD3+CD8+CD69+T (odds ratio (OR): 0.078(0.012,0.506), P = 0.008), PCT&gt;0.53 ng/ml (OR: 9.31(1.36,63.58), P = 0.023), and CO2CP&lt;26.5 mmol/l (OR: 10.99(1.29, 93.36), P = 0.028) were predictive of G- sepsis (versus G+ sepsis), and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.947. Additionally, the ratio of CD3+CD4+CD69+T/CD3+CD8+CD69+T ≤ 0.2697 was an independent risk factor for poor ICU discharge in G- sepsis patients (HR: 0.34 (0.13, 0.88), P=0.026).ConclusionWe conclude that enhanced activation of T cells may regulate the excessive inflammatory response of G- bacterial sepsis, and that T cell activation profiles can rapidly distinguish G- sepsis from G+ sepsis and are associated with ICU discharge.
S100A8 alarmin supports IL-6 and metalloproteinase-9 production by fibroblasts in the synovial microenvironment of peripheral spondyloarthritis
Authors: Arias José L. , Funes Samanta C. , Blas Rodrigo , Callegari Eduardo , Eliçabe Ricardo J. , Páez María D. , Munarriz Alicia , Pardo-Hidalgo Rodolfo , Tamashiro Héctor , Di Genaro María S. 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionSpondyloarthritis (SpA) is a common autoinflammatory disease. S100A8/ S100A9 alarmin is strongly expressed in the synovial sublining layers of psoriatic arthritis. S100A8/ S100A9 is the most abundant protein in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid (SF) and has a key role in promoting IL-6 expression in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). The molecular mechanisms and the role of S100-alarmins in the synovial microenvironment of SpA have never been demonstrated.Methods and ResultsHere, we confirm the effect of the synovial microenvironment of peripheral SpA on interleukin-6 (IL-6) and metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 production by FLS. MMP-9 expression and activity were detected, which were reduced in the presence of anti-IL-6R. Analyzing cell signaling mechanisms, we found that stimulation with IL-6 co-triggered MMP-9 and IL-10 secretion. MMP-9 secretion depended on JNK and p38 MAPKs, whereas IL-10 secretion was dependent on the JAK pathway as a potential feedback mechanism controlling IL-6-induced MMP-9 expression. Using a proteomic approach, we identified S100A8 in the peripheral SpA SF. This presence was confirmed by immunoblotting. S100A8 increased the IL-6 secretion via ERK and p38 MAPK pathways. Furthermore, anti-S100A8/A9 reduced both IL-6 and MMP-9 production induced by SpA SF in FLS.DiscussionOur data reveal a marked relationship between S100A8 alarmin with IL-6 and MMP-9 secretion by FLS in the real synovial microenvironment of peripheral SpA. These results identify a mechanism linking S100A8 to the pathogenesis of peripheral SpA.