bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disentangling the relationship between serious disorder problems and the use of supermax prisons
Authors: Anderson Claudia N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResearch SummarySupermax prisons exist, according to the policy's driving logic, to address serious disorder problems by isolating people who cause serious disorder. Criticisms of supermax, however, suggest that its use is driven by factors aside from serious disorder problems and that transfers to supermax have a degree of arbitrariness. The current paper uses 10 years of data on one state prison system to disentangle the relationship between “disorder” and supermax utilization by examining (1) the association between a facility's level of serious disorder and supermax transfers (prison‐level analysis), (2) the association between a person's level of serious rule breaking and oppositely, “nuisance” behaviors, and the odds of a supermax transfer (individual‐level analysis), and (3) whether the influence of a person's behavioral record on the odds of supermax depends upon contextual factors (prison‐by‐individual interaction). The results suggest that a facility's level of serious disorder does strongly correspond with its reliance on supermax and that indicators of serious rule breaking, and not minor forms of it, are strongly associated with a person's odds of experiencing a supermax transfer. However, a person's misconduct record has a weaker association with the odds of a supermax transfer in facilities that are more disorderly.Policy ImplicationsThe findings highlight the importance of prison context for dictating who experiences supermax and raises questions about whether prison systems have a uniform “bar” for supermax transfers. This in turn suggests a need for prison systems to reevaluate individual pathways to supermax and consider whether there are consistent metrics used for supermax placements. More broadly, the finding that context shapes who is transferred to supermax raises questions about the fundamental policy logic and suggests a need to investigate other solutions to disorder problems.
Evolution and Application of Sealing Ability of Gypsum Caprocks under Temperature‐Pressure Coupling: An Example of the ZS5 Well in the Tazhong Area of the Tarim Basin
Authors: LIU Hua , ZHAO Shan , YANG Xianzhang , ZHU Yongfeng , WANG Shen , ZHANG Ke 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGypsum caprocks' sealing ability is affected by temperature‐pressure coupling. Due to the limitations of experimental conditions, there is still a lack of triaxial stress‐strain experiments that simultaneously consider changes in temperature and pressure conditions, which limits the accuracy of the comprehensive evaluation of the brittle plastic evolution and sealing ability of gypsum rocks using temperature pressure coupling. Triaxial stress‐strain tests were utilized to investigate the differences in the evolution of the confinement capacity of gypsum rocks under coupled temperature‐pressure action and isothermal‐variable pressure action on the basis of sample feasibility analysis. According to research, the gypsum rock's peak and residual strengths decrease under simultaneous increases in temperature and pressure over isothermal pressurization experimental conditions, and it becomes more ductile. This reduces the amount of time it takes for the rock to transition from brittle to plastic. When temperature is taken into account, both the brittle–plastic transformation's depth limit and the lithological transformation of gypsum rocks become shallower, and the evolution of gypsum rocks under variable temperature and pressure conditions is more complicated than that under isothermal pressurization. The sealing ability under the temperature‐pressure coupling is more in line with the actual geological context when the application results of the Well #ZS5 are compared. This provides a theoretical basis for precisely determining the process of hydrocarbon accumulation and explains why the early hydrocarbon were not well preserved.
Biological considerations of dental materials as orifice barriers for restoring root‐filled teeth
Authors: Wylie ME , Parashos P , Fernando JR , Palamara JEA , Sloan AJ 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTThere is ample published literature regarding the technical aspects of restoring root‐filled teeth, but little concerning the biological impacts, consequences, and criteria for the selection of direct restorative materials following endodontic treatment. The provision of an effective coronal seal in addition to a sound root filling is known to be important in the prevention of root canal infection. This review seeks to explore the evidence concerning the selection of dental materials in the restoration of root‐filled teeth, specifically with a close examination of the properties of commonly used materials as orifice barriers. © 2023 Australian Dental Association.
Mast cell silencing: A novel therapeutic approach for urticaria and other mast cell‐mediated diseases
Authors: Metz Martin , Kolkhir Pavel , Altrichter Sabine , Siebenhaar Frank , Levi‐Schaffer Francesca , Youngblood Bradford A. , Church Martin K. , Maurer Marcus 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChronic urticaria (CU) is a mast cell (MC)‐dependent disease with limited therapeutic options. Current management strategies are directed at inhibiting IgE‐mediated activation of MCs and antagonizing effects of released mediators. Due to the complexity and heterogeneity of CU and other MC diseases and mechanisms of MC activation—including multiple activating receptors and ligands, diverse signaling pathways, and a menagerie of mediators—strategies of MC depletion or MC silencing (i.e., inhibition of MC activation via binding of inhibitory receptors) have been developed to overcome limitations of singularly targeted agents. MC silencers, such as agonist monoclonal antibodies that engage inhibitory receptors (e.g., sialic acid‐binding immunoglobulin‐like lectin8 ‐[Siglec‐8] [lirentelimab/AK002], Siglec‐6 [AK006], and CD200R [LY3454738]), have reached preclinical and clinical stages of development. In this review, we (1) describe the role of MCs in the pathogenesis of CU, highlighting similarities with other MC diseases in disease mechanisms and response to treatment; (2) explore current therapeutic strategies, categorized by nonspecific immunosuppression, targeted inhibition of MC activation or mediators, and targeted modulation of MC activity; and (3) introduce the concept of MC silencing as an emerging strategy that could selectively block activation of MCs without eliciting or exacerbating on‐ or off‐target, immunosuppressive adverse effects.
The impact on midwives and their practice after caring for women who have a traumatic childbirth: A systematic review
Authors: Bingham Janet , Kalu Felicity Agwu , Healy Maria 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundWomen's birth experiences can range from positive and satisfying to negative and traumatizing. Midwives caring for women can also be exposed to these traumatic childbirth experiences. There is a paucity of research on the impact these experiences have on midwives and their practice. The PEO framework guided the research review question.MethodsSeven electronic databases were systematically searched. The quality of each included study was assessed using the tool appropriate to the study's methodological approach; Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) criteria and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) Version 2018. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) tool was utilized to assess reported findings. Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (CERQual) was used to grade the confidence in the evidence of the qualitative research. Data were thematically analyzed to formalize the identification and development of themes.ResultsA total of 12 studies were included. Synthesis of the evidence generated one overarching theme, “Midwives, the forgotten victims”, and three themes describing the essences of midwives' experiences: “Bruised and battered but still smiling”; “Wearing armour to protect my soul”; “Members of my team are holding me up, others are pulling me down”.ConclusionsMidwives expressed feelings of shock, fear, responsibility, and powerlessness which may contribute to some experiencing serious mental illness. They reported a shaken belief in the normal physiologic birth process which consequently led to more defensive practice. Research is needed to identify high‐quality interventions to support midwives after these events. This systematic review protocol was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; Registration CRD42021252033).
Dishonest collaboration in an intergroup context
Authors: van Lent Tjits , Verwijmeren Thijs , Bijlstra Gijsbert 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCollaborations may sometimes increase the likelihood of engaging in dishonest behaviour. As yet, it remains unknown what factors contribute to this phenomenon. Here, we investigate whether it matters with whom people are collaborating for the extent to which they are dishonest. We aim to (I) replicate dishonest collaboration effects and (II) examine whether collaborating with an ingroup member (vs. outgroup member) amplifies dishonesty. In three pre‐registered studies (N = 782), we used the sequential dyadic die‐rolling paradigm in both student (Study 1: Lab context) and community samples (Studies 2–3: Field context). In this paradigm, two players form a dyad (either with an ingroup or an outgroup member) and earn winnings depending on both their own and the other's dice roll. Crucially, dice rolls are private, and players can inflate their winnings by misreporting their dice roll. Collectively, our studies replicate the dishonest collaboration effect, showing the robustness of collaborative dishonesty over samples and contexts. However, our studies suggest that dishonesty is similar when collaborating with an ingroup versus an outgroup member. Alternative processes are discussed that may play a role in collaborative dishonesty resulting in the absence of an intergroup effect.
What is hiding behind the rainbow plot? The gender ideology and LGBTQ+ lobby conspiracies (GILC) scale
Authors: Salvati Marco , Pellegrini Valerio , De Cristofaro Valeria , Giacomantonio Mauro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPrevious literature on conspiracy beliefs has an important gap, as it has almost completely excluded conspiracy beliefs relating to LGBTQ+ people. The purpose of the present research was to develop and validate a specific tool to measure the Gender Ideology and LGBTQ+ Lobby Conspiracies Beliefs: the GILC scale. Two independent data collections (Ntot = 1.908) were run involving both heterosexual and gay, lesbian and bisexual people. We expected a mono‐factorial structure of the tool, with high levels of internal reliability, invariant by respondents' gender, sexual orientation and previous knowledge or hearsay of gender ideology. Furthermore, we expected that GILC scale manages to measure a differentiated construct: (a) compared to other specific and general conspiracy contents; (b) compared to a generic disposition to engage in conspiratorial mentality; (c) compared to existing measures of sexual prejudice, stereotypes and negative attitudes towards sexual minority people. In relation to criterion validity, we expected that several psychosocial and socio‐political ideology variables (i.e. RWA and SDO), would associate with high levels in GILC scale. The results confirmed our expectations, showing that GILC scale is a short tool which include nine items with a mono‐factorial structure and with excellent psychometric properties. Limitations and further research directions are discussed.
Defining and unpacking the core concepts of pharmacology: A global initiative
Authors: Guilding Clare , White Paul J. , Cunningham Margaret , Kelly‐Laubscher Roisin , Koenig Jennifer , Babey Anna‐Marie , Tucker Steve , Kelly John P. , Gorman Laurel , Aronsson Patrik , Hawes Martin , Ngo Suong N. T. , Mifsud Janet , Werners Arend H. , Hinton Tina , Khan Fouzia , Aljofan Mohamad , Angelo Tom 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeDevelopment of core concepts in disciplines such as biochemistry, microbiology and physiology have transformed teaching. They provide the foundation for the development of teaching resources for global educators, as well as valid and reliable approaches to assessment. An international research consensus recently identified 25 core concepts of pharmacology. The current study aimed to define and unpack these concepts.Experimental ApproachA two‐phase, iterative approach, involving 60 international pharmacology education experts, was used. The first phase involved drafting definitions for core concepts and identifying key sub‐concepts via a series of online meetings and asynchronous work. These were refined in the second phase, through a 2‐day hybrid workshop followed by a further series of online meetings and asynchronous work.Key ResultsThe project produced consensus definitions for a final list of 24 core concepts and 103 sub‐concepts of pharmacology. The iterative, discursive methodology resulted in modification of concepts from the original study, including change of ‘drug–receptor interaction’ to ‘drug–target interaction’ and the change of the core concept ‘agonists and antagonists’ to sub‐concepts of drug–target interaction.Conclusions and ImplicationsDefinitions and sub‐concepts of 24 core concepts provide an evidence‐based foundation for pharmacology curricula development and evaluation. The next steps for this project include the development of a concept inventory to assess acquisition of concepts, as well as the development of case studies and educational resources to support teaching by the global pharmacology community, and student learning of the most critical and fundamental concepts of the discipline.
N‐methylpiperazinyl and piperdinylalkyl‐O‐chalcone derivatives as potential polyfunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation
Authors: Sharma Pratibha , Singh Varinder , Singh Manjinder 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe series of N‐methylpiperazinyl and piperdinylalkyl‐O‐chalcone derivatives as potential polyfuctional agents against Alzheimer's disease that have been designed, synthesized and then evaluated biologically using in vitro assays for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, AGEs, and free radical formation. The majority of synthesized compounds inhibited AChE & AGEs with additional free radical scavenging activities at nanomolar concentrations. Among these, compound 5k was found to have potent AChE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 11.6 nM), superior than the reference compound donepezil (15.68 nM) along with the good anti‐AGEs and free radical formation effect. Its potency was justified by docking studies that revealed its dual binding characteristic with both catalytic active site and peripheral anionic site of AChE, simultaneously. Furthermore, the in vivo evaluation of 5k against streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced dementia in rats also showed improvement of memory functions (Morris water maze test) in animals. Also, 5k inhibited STZ‐inudced brain AChE activity and oxidative stress which further strengthen the observed in vitro effects. The stability of the ligand‐protein complex was then analyzed using a simulation‐based interaction protocol. The results revealed that these N‐methylpiperazinyl and piperdinylalkyl‐O‐chalcone derivatives could be considered for potential polyfunctional anti‐Alzheimer's molecules.
MKP‐1 regulates the inflammatory activation of microglia against Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Li Junhua , Wang Lin , Zeng Qinhua , He Jing , Tang Qing , Wang Kejian , He Guiqiong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases leading to dementia in elderly people. Microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in AD pathogenesis, so modulation of neuroinflammation has emerged as an essential therapeutic method to improve AD. The current study aims to investigate whether MKP‐1 can regulate microglia phenotype and inflammatory factor release in AD and explore its possible mechanisms.MethodsAmyloid precursor protein/PS1 double transgenic mice and wild‐type mice were selected to study the locations of microglia and amyloid‐β (Aβ) plaques in different regions of mice brains. Changes in MKP‐1 of microglia were detected using AD model mice and AD model cells. Changes in phenotype and the release of inflammatory factors within immortalized BV2 murine microglia were investigated by regulating the expression of MKP‐1.ResultsThe distribution of microglia and Aβ plaques in the AD brain was region‐specific. MKP‐1 expression was downregulated in AD mice, and in vitro, with increasing Aβ concentrations, MKP‐1 expression was reduced. MKP‐1 over‐expression increased M2 microglia but decreased M1 microglia accompanied by changes in inflammatory factors and inhibition of MKP‐1 yielded the opposite result.ConclusionMKP‐1 regulated microglia phenotype and inflammatory factor release in AD through modulation of the p38 signaling pathway.
Progressive mask‐oriented unsupervised fabric defect detection under background repair
Authors: Tang Shancheng , Jin Zicheng , Dai Fenghua , Zhang Yin , Liang Shaojun , Lu Jianhui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDetection of defects is an essential quality control method in fabric production. Unsupervised deep learning‐based reconstruction algorithms have recently been deeply concerned owing to scarce fabric defect samples, high annotation cost, and deficient prior knowledge. Most unsupervised reconstruction models are prone to overfitting and poor generalisation performance, resulting in blurred images, residual defects, and uneven textures in the reconstruction results. On this account, an unsupervised fabric surface defect detection method using the Progressive Mask Repair Model (PMRM) has been developed. Specifically, PMRM with transformer architecture gathers detailed feature information. In order to pay closer attention to the textural properties of fabrics, the model incorporates structural similarity as a constraint in the training stage. In the detection stage, we designate the non‐defective area of the fabric image as the background and the defective area as the foreground. Next, a progressive mask is applied to repair the background of the defective area, which avoids defect false detection resulting from the poor reconstruction effect of the traditional reconstruction model in the non‐defective area. Finally, image processing methods such as image difference, frequency‐tuned salient detection, and threshold binarisation are used to segment the defects. Relative to the other six unsupervised defect detection methods, the proposed scheme increases the F1 score and intersection over union (IoU) by at least 9.34% and 8.49%, respectively. According to the earlier results, PMRM is effective and exhibits superiority.
The pivotal role of land cover around forest fragments for small‐mammal communities in a Neotropical savanna
Authors: Harmange Clément , Santos Cyntia Cavalcante , de Oliveira Roque Fabio , Souza Franco Leandro , Arvor Damien , Bonnet Manon , Vieira Emerson M. , Pays Olivier 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhile harboring the bulk of the planet's biodiversity, tropical ecosystems have experienced intense land conversion for agriculture. Studies examining the impacts of land‐use change on tropical biodiversity have primarily focused on forest cover loss but have overlooked the ecological potential of habitats surrounding forest fragments to modulate biodiversity loss. We examined whether small‐mammal communities changed with the land cover surrounding forest fragments, and how functional traits affected responses to land cover. Small mammals were sampled in the Brazilian Cerrado using live‐trap transects. Three landscape types were identified according to the surroundings of the transects (within 750‐m‐radius buffers): forest‐ (≥50% forest cover), pasture‐, and crop‐dominated landscapes (<50% forest cover, with predominance of pastures or crops, respectively). We examined the composition of functional traits across landscape types and used abundance models to analyze the response of small‐mammal communities to land cover. From forest‐dominated to pasture‐ and crop‐dominated landscapes, the abundances and/or species richness of the largest, forest‐specialist, frugivorous/granivorous, and terrestrial species decreased. In forest‐dominated landscapes, abundances and species richness were slightly affected by land cover surrounding forest fragments. In pasture‐ and crop‐dominated landscapes which represent the less‐preserved landscapes, increased proportions of native forests, open formations, and, to some extent, pastures, supported the increased abundance of small mammals. Land cover surrounding forest fragments is critical for maintaining the diversity of species and functional traits within small‐mammal communities. Our results emphasize the need to maintain native vegetation in human‐modified landscapes to maintain biodiversity and ecological functions.
The relationship between sex hormone‐binding protein and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease using Mendelian randomisation
Authors: Dong Jiaming , Liu Chenming , Lu Jialiang , Wang Luna , Xie Shisheng , Ji Lichao , Lu Baochun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of non‐alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing annually with the improvement of living standards. Numerous epidemiological observations have linked sex hormone‐binding protein (SHBG) levels to NAFLD. However, evidence of the causal role of SHBG in the development and progression of NAFLD is still absent. Therefore, a systematic assessment of the causal relationship is needed.MethodA two‐sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis was conducted. Genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data for SHBG were obtained online from the IEU database (ebi‐a‐GCST90012111) as exposure. GWAS data from the NAFLD of the Finngen consortium were used for preliminary analysis, while NAFLD data from another GWAS involving 8434 participants were used for replication and meta‐analyses. Causal effects were investigated with inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median and MR–Egger regression. Sensitivity analyses including Cochran's Q test, leave‐one‐out analysis and MR–Egger intercept analysis were simultaneously conducted to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy.ResultsAfter rigorous selection, 179 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified as strongly correlated instrumental variables. Preliminary analysis suggested a significant causal relationship between genetically determined serum SHBG levels and NAFLD [odds ratio (OR) IVW = .54, 95% confidence interval (CI) = .30–.98, p = .043], supported by the results of the replication analysis (ORIVW = .61, 95% CI = .46–.81, p = .0006) and further meta‐analysis (OR = .59, 95% CI = .46–.77, p < .0001).ConclusionThe genetic tendency to high levels of SHBG was causally correlated with a reduced risk of NAFLD, indicating that circulating high levels of SHBG was a protective factor for NAFLD.