bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and Facilitators to Implementation of the EU School Fruit and Vegetables Scheme: Cross Country Study
Authors: Meshkovska Biljana , Forberger Sarah , Wendt Janine , Scheller Daniel A. , Castellari Elena , Tiboldo Giulia , Luszczynska Aleksandra , Lien Nanna ,   the PEN Consortium
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe European Union (EU) School Fruit and Vegetables Scheme is a nutrition policy program. It has three actions: delivery of fruit and vegetables in schools, accompanying educational and information measures. The aim of this study is to identify barriers and facilitators to the implementation of the Scheme as perceived by implementers at government level. This work is a qualitative, exploratory study using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to guide data collection and analysis. Twenty-three semi-structured interviews were conducted with representatives (n = 29) from agriculture, health and education, across 10 EU member states and the EU. Qualitative data were coded inductively. Themes were mapped to constructs of the CFIR. We found content in regard to 19 out of 26 constructs of the CFIR. Some example constructs are: adaptability, external policy and incentives, networks and communications, knowledge and beliefs and executing. Flexibility in how the scheme is designed and implemented and newly established cooperation between implementing ministries are facilitators. However, the timing of the yearly budget allocation is a barrier. Taking EU funding for granted is a potential disincentive to improvement, although the EU funding facilitates sustainability. Despite agreement on what the overall goals of the Scheme are, there is ambiguity as to what the perceived primary goal is, which may be a barrier. Some goal ambiguity may be useful at the supranational level, enabling politically acceptable framing and continuation of the financing of the Scheme, but this translates into a potential barrier to design and implementation at country and school level.
CDF W mass anomaly revisited
Authors: Zhu Shou-hua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe CDF, ATLAS, and LHCb have released the measurements on the W boson mass $$m_W$$

m
W

at $$\sqrt{S}=1.96, 7, 13 TeV$$

S

=
1.96
,
7
,
13
T
e
V

, respectively. The measured values show the declining tendency, namely $$m_W$$

m
W

decreases with the increment of the collider energy. If the declining tendency is confirmed, it might be the signal of metric field at high-energy colliders. In this paper, we propose a model to account for such tendency and explore the properties of the model.
Online and in-store shopping interactions for non-essential experience goods
Authors: Titiloye Ibukun , Al Adib Sarker Md , Asgari Hamidreza , Jin Xia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe online and in-store shopping landscape underwent transformative shifts due to the Covid-19 pandemic, potentially leading to novel hybrid shopping behaviors following the availability of Covid-19 vaccines. However, these new dynamics, especially for non-essential experience goods which were heavily impacted by lockdowns, remain relatively unexplored. Moreover, variations in such dynamics within the same product class are not well understood. This study investigates the interactions between online and in-store shopping behaviors across four categories of non-essential experience goods: clothing, shoes, watches, and jewelry (CSWJ); beauty and health products (BH); toys, kids, and baby supplies (TKB); and home, garden, and tools (HGT). Data from over 2,000 Florida residents collected in early 2021, encompassing purchase frequencies, attitudes, and socio-demographic attributes, were analyzed using separate bidirectional structural equation models. Findings indicate that the relationship between online and in-store shopping for CSWJ and TKB exhibited reciprocal complementarity effects. In contrast, BH and HGT displayed an asymmetric reciprocal relationship, with in-store shopping showing no significant influence on online shopping. Results on the mediating influence of attitudes on shopping behaviors showed that a pro-online shopping attitude and preference for alternative travel modes positively influenced online shopping frequency, while the joy of shopping and data privacy/security concerns emerged as drivers of in-store shopping across all product categories. In sum, this study underscores the presence of product-specific heterogeneity even within the experience goods class, contributing to the complex interactions between online and in-store shopping behaviors.
Investigating the efficiency of mechanical agitation on the quantification of nicotine in e-cigarettes, using a novel method
Authors: Althakfi Sara H. , Hameed Ahmed M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractElectronic cigarettes (ECs) have gained popularity among the general public. ECs have varying nicotine levels from one e-liquid to another. Thus, a standardised method for analysing the nicotine content in e-liquids is needed. Here, a method was developed for quantitative analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with mechanical agitation (MA). The same elution conditions were applied without mechanical agitation (WMA) to investigate the effect of processing on nicotine separation efficiency. The proposed method resulted in increased linearity in a concentration range of 25–500 ppm. This method also resulted in an increase in the correlation coefficient from 0.2415 to 0.9991, with a limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.09 ppm and 0.29 ppm, respectively, making it more applicable to a wide range of e-liquids in domestic and foreign markets. The analysis of seven e-liquids with concentrations of 0–50 mg/mL revealed that 67% of the samples had a lower nicotine content than that stated on the label. The opposite was true for 33% of samples. No sample matched the nicotine content stated on the label. A sample that was claimed to contain 3 mg/mL actually contained 17 mg/mL. Moreover, a sample labelled as nicotine-free contained 7 mg/mL of nicotine. Another sample was claimed to contain 50 mg/mL, but the measured value was 24 mg/mL. This value exceeds the Saudi Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) standard, which specifies that e-liquids should not contain more than 20 mg/mL of nicotine.
The Distribution of the Number of Automorphisms of Random Trees
Authors: Olsson Christoffer , Wagner Stephan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe study the size of the automorphism group of two different types of random trees: Galton–Watson trees and rooted Pólya trees. In both cases, we prove that it asymptotically follows a log-normal distribution and provide asymptotic formulas for the mean and variance of the logarithm of the size of the automorphism group. While the proof for Galton–Watson trees mainly relies on probabilistic arguments and a general result on additive tree functionals, generating functions are used in the case of rooted Pólya trees. We also show how to extend the results to some classes of unrooted trees.
Geoarchaeology and Coastal Morphodynamics of Harbor Key (8MA15): Indigenous Persistence at a Partially Inundated Native Shell Mound Complex in Tampa Bay, Florida
Authors: Jackson Kendal , Pluckhahn Thomas J. , Rogers Jaime A. , Wang Ping , Thompson Victor D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractApplying a coastal-geoarchaeological approach, we synthesize stratigraphic, sedimentological, mollusk-zooarchaeological, and radiometric datasets from recent excavations and sediment coring at Harbor Key (8MA15)—a shell-terraformed Native mound complex within Tampa Bay, on the central peninsular Gulf Coast of Florida. We significantly revise the chronological understanding of the site and place it among the relatively few early civic-ceremonial centers in the region. Analyses of submound contexts revealed that the early first millennium mound center was constructed atop a platform of sand and ex situ cultural shell deposits that were reworked during ancient storm landfalls around 2000 BP. We situate Harbor Key within a seascape-scale stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental framework and show that the shellworks comprise an artificial barrier protecting the leeward estuary basin (and productive inshore wetlands) from high-energy conditions of the open bay and swells from the Gulf of Mexico. The sedimentary and archaeological records attest to the long-term history of morphodynamic interaction between coastal processes and Indigenous shell terraforming in the region and suggest that early first millennium mound building in Tampa Bay was tied to the recognition and reuse of antecedent shellworks and the persistent management of encompassing cultural seascapes.
Characteristics and risk factors of secondary bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Wu Guangjie , Lu Jianhua , Liu Dong , He Yan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective:
To describe the characteristics and find out risk factors of COVID-19 patients infected with different categories of bacteria.

Design:
Case-control.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective study including 129 COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary hospital between October 13, 2022 and December 31, 2022. Patients’ data were collected from the hospital information system. Patients were classified as having or not having confirmed secondary bacterial infections, or gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections for analysis. Categories and sources of isolated bacteria, characteristics of the patients, and the risk factors for developing secondary bacterial infections were analyzed.

Results:
Gram-negative bacteria accounted for the majority of secondary bacterial infections of the included patients. Critical type of COVID-19 (OR = 12.98, 95%CI 3.43∼49.18, p < 0.001), invasive therapy (OR = 9.96, 95%CI 3.01∼32.95, p < 0.001), and previous antibiotics use (OR = 17.23, 95%CI 1.38∼215.69, p = 0.027) were independent risk factors of secondary bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients. Ceftriaxone/cefotaxime use (OR = 15.45, 95%CI 2.72∼87.79, p = 0.002) was associated with gram-positive bacterial infections while age over 70 (OR = 3.30, 95%CI 1.06∼10.26, p = 0.039), invasive therapy (OR = 4.68, 95%CI 1.22∼17.93, p = 0.024), and carbapenems use (OR = 8.48, 95%CI 2.17∼33.15, p = 0.002) were associated with gram-negative bacterial infections.

Conclusions:
Critical patients with invasive therapy and previous antibiotics use should be cautious with secondary bacterial infections. Third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems should be used carefully because both are risk factors for gram-positive or gram-negative bacterial infections.
Feasibility of and Experience With Free State-Funded Telehealth-Based Patient Self-referral for COVID-19 Monoclonal Antibody Therapy
Authors: Gupta Ishaan , Purekal Sophia , Shaikh Yahya , Michtalik Henry J. , Eid Shaker M. , Wortman Laura , Vaeth MaryJane E. , Locke Charles F.S. , Hoemeke Elizabeth , Hariharan Raena , Callahan Charles D. , Ficke James R. , Pimenta Isabel , Auwaerter Paul G. , Kantsiper Melinda E. ,   CONQUER COVID Consortium, Siddiqui Zishan K. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background:
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been underutilized due to logistical challenges, lack of access, and variable treatment awareness among patients and health-care professionals. The use of telehealth during the pandemic provides an opportunity to increase access to COVID-19 care.

Methods:
This is a single-center descriptive study of telehealth-based patient self-referral for mAb therapy between March 1, 2021, and October 31, 2021, at Baltimore Convention Center Field Hospital (BCCFH).

Results:
Among the 1001 self-referral patients, the mean age was 47, and most were female (57%). White (66%), and had a primary care provider (PCP) (62%). During the study period, self-referrals increased from 14/mo in March to 427 in October resulting in a 30-fold increase. Approximately 57% of self-referred patients received a telehealth visit, and of those 82% of patients received mAb infusion therapy. The median time from self-referral to onsite infusion was 2 d (1-3 IQR).

Discussion:
Our study shows the integration of telehealth with a self-referral process improved access to mAb infusion. A high proportion of self-referrals were appropriate and led to timely treatment. This approach helped those without traditional avenues for care and avoided potential delay for patients seeking referral from their PCPs.
COVID-19 as an Accelerator of the Implementation of Emergency Medical Teams Initiative in the AFRO Region
Authors: Bompangue Didier , Oyugi Boniface , Bokulu Melanie , Tshijuke Serge Mudipanu , Das Timothy , Conteh Ishata Nannie , Ejiofor Nonso Ephraim , Abok Patrick , Okeibunor Joseph , Salio Flavio , Balde Thierno , Braka Fiona 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective:
This study describes the progress that the World Health Organization (WHO) African (AFRO) region has made in establishing National Emergency Medical Teams (N-EMTs), the coordination mechanisms of the EMTs, and the regional training centers.

Methods:
It used a retrospective descriptive analysis of the formulation and implementation of the EMTs Initiative from an insider perspective. The analysis is based on the review of available documents such as EMTs mission reports, assessments, surveys, EMT monthly bulletins, and meeting minutes in addition to key informant interviews (n = 5) with the EMT teams’ members to validate the findings and share field experiences.

Results:
The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acted as an accelerator for the implementation of the EMT initiative in the AFRO region. A total of 18 EMT deployments were carried out in 16 countries in the AFRO region through the WHO EMT-network during COVID-19, providing support to countries in managing severe and critical COVID-19 cases.

Conclusions:
A Regional Training Center for N-EMTs is being set up in Addis Ababa to train the N-EMTs and strengthen local capacity of health personnel in the region. Challenges include unavailability of mentors to support countries in implementing N-EMTs and the Regional Simulation Training Center, poor funding, and coordination in the rolling out of the N-EMTs.
Assessing past versus present severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: A survey of criteria for discontinuing precautions in asymptomatic patients testing positive on admission
Authors: Gohil Shruti K. , De St. Maurice Annabelle , Yokoe Deborah S. , Cohen Stuart H. , Torriani Francesca J. , Grein Jonathan D. , Robinson Philip A. , Mabalot Shannon , Park Jessica , Pedrani Paula , Platt Richard , Huang Susan S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInfection prevention program leaders report frequent use of criteria to distinguish recently recovered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases from actively infectious cases when incidentally positive asymptomatic patients were identified on routine severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Guidance on appropriate interpretation of high-sensitivity molecular tests can prevent harm from unnecessary precautions that delay admission and impede medical care.
Incidence and risk factors for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection in pediatric at-risk groups in selected Pediatric Investigators Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada (PICNIC) hospitals
Authors: Baldassarre Lucila , Quach-Thanh Caroline , Mouajou Feujio Verinsa , Tadount Fazia , Deyirmendjian Claudia , Lefebvre Marie-Astrid , Thampi Nisha , Schneider Oliver , Fabri-Karam Isabela , O’Donnell Shauna , Okeny-Owere James , Audy N. , Desmarais Nadia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectives:Incidence and risk factors for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) are well established in adults, though data are lacking in pediatrics. We aimed to determine incidence of and risk factors for rCDI in pediatrics.Methods:This retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients was conducted at 3 tertiary-care hospitals in Canada with laboratory-confirmed CDI between April 1, 2012, and March 31, 2017. rCDI was defined as an episode of CDI occurring 8 weeks or less from diagnostic test date of the primary episode. We used logistic regression to determine and quantify risk factors significantly associated with rCDI.Results:In total, 286 patients were included in this study. The incidence proportion for rCDI was 12.9%. Among hospitalized patients, the incidence rate was estimated at 2.6 cases of rCDI per 1,000 hospital days at risk (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7–3.9). Immunocompromised patients had higher incidence of rCDI (17.5%; P = .03) and higher odds of developing rCDI independently of antibiotic treatment given for the primary episode (odds ratio [OR], 2.31; 95% CI, 1.12–5.09). Treatment with vancomycin monotherapy did not show statistically significant protection from rCDI, independently of immunocompromised status (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.05–1.15]).Conclusions:The identification of increased risk of rCDI in immunocompromised pediatric patients warrants further research into alternative therapies, prophylaxis, and prevention strategies to prevent recurrent disease burden within these groups. Treatment of the initial episode with vancomycin did not show statistically significant protection from rCDI.
Active surveillance of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales using genomic sequencing for hospital-based infection control interventions
Authors: Lee Andie S. , Dolan Leanne , Jenkins Frances , Crawford Bernadette , van Hal Sebastiaan J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground:Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is increasingly used to characterize hospital outbreaks of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE). However, access to WGS is variable and testing is often centralized, leading to delays in reporting of results.Objective:We describe the utility of a local sequencing service to promptly respond to facility needs over an 8-year period.Methods:The study was conducted at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in Sydney, Australia. All CPE isolated from patient (screening and clinical) and environmental samples from 2015 onward underwent prospective WGS. Results were notified to the infection control unit in real time. When outbreaks were identified, WGS reports were also provided to senior clinicians and the hospital executive administration. Enhanced infection control interventions were refined based on the genomic data.Results:In total, 141 CPE isolates were detected from 123 patients and 5 environmental samples. We identified 9 outbreaks, 4 of which occurred in high-risk wards (intensive care unit and/or solid-organ transplant ward). The largest outbreak involved Enterobacterales containing an NDM gene. WGS detected unexpected links among patients, which led to further investigation of epidemiological data that uncovered the outpatient setting and contaminated equipment as reservoirs for ongoing transmission. Targeted interventions as part of outbreak management halted further transmission.Conclusions:WGS has transitioned from an emerging technology to an integral part of local CPE control strategies. Our results show the value of embedding this technology in routine surveillance, with timely reports generated in clinically relevant timeframes to inform and optimize local control measures for greatest impact.
The reception of Iran's state propaganda by the Italian far right: recasting the diffusion of authoritarian discourse and narratives
Authors: Rivetti Paola 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article examines the reception of the Iranian state's authoritarian discourse by the Italian far right to interrogate the mechanisms of authoritarian diffusion from the point of view of the receiving actors. Coding Iran's state propaganda and searching for overlaps and resonances with the far right's discourse, this article argues that the receiving audience selectively translates the content coming from Iran for the Italian public with the goal of reinforcing its own political discourse. The article contributes to the debate on authoritarian diffusion by providing fresh empirical findings from a rarely studied case study and by shifting the focus to political discourse and narratives. This article also foregrounds the agency of the receiving audience, rather than the authoritarian state's, with the goal of interrogating the resources and infrastructures that enable diffusion, rather than the motivation or the success of the ‘sending’ authoritarian state. This article expands the understanding of complex dynamics of authoritarian diffusion and contributes to examine the establishment of transnational connections between state and non-state illiberal actors in the era of ‘sovranism’ and right-wing populism.
An improved cultivation device for appendicularians with notes on the biology ofFritillariasp. collected in Sagami Bay, Japan
Authors: Sato Riki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo cultivate zooplankton species with highly fragile mucoid structures, a new type of cultivation device was developed, which uses a novel method to gently circulate the water in the culture vessel. Using this device, a species of the fritillarid appendicularia (Fritillariasp.) collected in Sagami Bay was successfully cultivated. This form resemblesFritillaria haplostomaorFritillaria formica tuberculata, but some taxonomical characteristics differed from those of the latter forms. A novel device comprising a polycarbonate bucket with a motor-driven rotating cylinder inserted into the water in the bucket was developed and maintainedFritillariasp. over ten filial generations in the laboratory. The animals reached trunk lengths of 1026 ± 85μm (mean ± SD) four days after fertilization at 23°C. The instantaneous growth rates were calculated as 1.11–1.72 at 20–26°C, representing a 3.0–5.6-fold daily increase in body weight. The house constructed by this species is extraordinarily fragile, typically has a barrel-like or cylindrical shape, and accommodates its entire body and food-concentrating filter. At 23°C, the species produced houses at a rate of 28 ± 2.8 houses d−1. The new device is useful for the continuous cultivation of the fragile form of fritillarid appendicularia, and even for various other zooplankton. It also shows thatFritillariasp. could be a significant secondary producer and transporter of organic matter in marine ecosystems due to its high growth and house production rates.