bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis: Current standards of care
Authors: Southwood Louise L. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryAntimicrobial drug resistance is a critical problem in human and veterinary medicine. Antimicrobial drug use and particularly overuse or misuse drive resistance. Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) is one area where misuse and overuse (particularly prolonged SAP) is documented to be at a high level. Infection‐related complications can be devastating to the patient, harm the client/patient–surgeon relationship and damage the reputation of the surgeon. Consequently, surgeons tend to be reluctant to change their antimicrobial prescribing behaviour. There is a plethora of data from human surgery and emerging data from veterinary surgery describing appropriate SAP and supporting the use of shorter duration of SAP. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) have been developed and evaluated in human hospitals and this type of collaborative approach would likely have benefit in veterinary hospitals.
The effect of pre‐dosing with metformin on the insulin response to oral sugar in insulin‐dysregulated horses
Authors: Colmer Sarah F. , Adams Amanda A. , Adam Emma , Miller Rachel , Stefanovski Darko , Kulp Jeaneen C. , van Eps Andrew 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundA single dose of metformin administered 1 h prior to oral glucose challenge was previously shown to reduce insulinaemic responses in horses with experimentally‐induced insulin dysregulation (ID). Targeted administration could be useful for controlling post‐prandial hyperinsulinaemia in horses with naturally‐occurring ID.ObjectivesThe objective was to compare the insulinaemic and glycaemic responses to oral sugar testing (OST) performed at different intervals after a single dose of metformin in horses with naturally‐occurring ID. We hypothesised that pre‐treatment with one dose of metformin would significantly decrease the insulinaemic response to OST.Study designRandomised cross‐over in vivo experiment.MethodsEight university‐owned adult horses with naturally‐occurring ID underwent OST 1, 2 and 6 h following a single oral dose of metformin (30 mg/kg) or 1 h after placebo (240 mL water) with a 7‐day washout between treatments over a period of 3 weeks. Plasma insulin, C‐peptide and glucose concentrations were measured at 0, 60 and 90 min after 0.45 mL/kg light corn syrup and the effect of treatment (and the interval since dosing) examined using a mixed effects linear regression model.ResultsMetformin treatment had no significant effect on plasma glucose, insulin or C‐peptide concentrations at any time point compared with placebo (p > 0.05). For OST 1 h post metformin, median (IQR) plasma insulin was 91.3 (62.4–114.9) μIU/mL at 60 min versus 76.2 (59.1–134.5) for placebo (p = 0.8) and 62.7 (31.4–109.7) at 90 min versus 51.8 (29.2–126.3) for placebo (p = 0.9).Main limitationsSmall sample size may limit identification of more subtle decreases in insulin concentration with metformin pre‐dosing. The results of this study are relevant only for one pre‐treatment dose (30 mg/kg) which limits extrapolation to predictions about the effects of longer‐term metformin administration on insulin and glucose dynamics in the horse.Conclusions and clinical importanceThe results do not support the use of targeted metformin treatment to reduce post‐prandial hyperinsulinaemia in horses with naturally‐occurring ID.
A netnographic study with social media comments for investigating service failures
Authors: Kim Haeok Liz , Park Seunghyun “Brian” 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study demonstrates a netnographic study to investigate airline service failure types and to test differences of linguistic patterns among complaint types on social media user comments. User comments in an airline's Facebook community were scraped and service failure types were systematically classified with the measurement developed by thematic coding and literature review. The results presented frequently occurring service failure categories in airline service operations. A T‐Test was conducted to confirm the significant differences in linguistic characteristics between complaint comments and non‐complaint comments. Word frequency analysis showed distinctive word themes between the two comment groups. Research and managerial implications were provided.
Effect of corrosion on the fatigue crack propagation properties of butt weld with G20Mn5QT cast steel and Q355D steel in 3.5‐wt% NaCl solution
Authors: Han Qinghua , Li Yang , Lu Yan , Wang Gexing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe corrosion fatigue crack propagation (FCP) of the butt weld with G20Mn5QT cast steel and Q355D steel in 3.5‐wt% NaCl solution was investigated experimentally. Considering the influences of stress ratio and loading frequency, the corrosion FCP rate curve was obtained. The results indicated that the corrosion FCP rate in the corrosion environment is three times that in air. Increasing the stress ratio or decreasing the loading frequency will increase the corrosion FCP rate. The fracture morphology of the specimens in the corrosion environment had more corrosion pits and intergranular characteristics due to anodic dissolution than that in air. Anodic dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement jointly promoted the corrosion FCP of butt weld in simulated seawater. The corrosion FCP rate model was established considering the effects of stress ratio and loading frequency.
Relational legacies and relative experiences: Austerity, inequality and access to special educational needs and disability (SEND) support in London, England
Authors: Warnock Rosalie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThrough the lens of access to Special Educational Needs and Disability (SEND) support services in London, England, this paper highlights the relative legacies of state‐led austerity since 2010. Drawing on findings from a four‐month institutional ethnography with a London borough SEND support team and 43 repeat in‐depth narrative interviews with 15 parent carers with autistic children, this paper focuses in on two parents: Alice and Lucy. Comparing Alice and Lucy's experiences shows nuanced relational legacies of austerity: families with disabled and neurodiverse children have been disproportionately affected by austerity cuts. Additionally, however, their accounts show their relative experiences of accessing help: some more marginalised families with disabled children are finding it harder under these circumstances than others. Yet a neoliberal myth of meritocracy has emerged during this time which obscures the underlying structural and systemic reasons for widening relative inequality between families with disabled and neurodiverse children. This myth suggests that the parent carers who do manage to secure ever shrinking SEND resources have simply worked harder than others to get there. The result is that parent carers – including Alice and Lucy – have different experiences of trying to navigate and access the same SEND services, in the same place, at the same time. Bringing together geographical and sociological work on austerity, families, disability, and education, this paper extends understandings of how austerity is relational in its effects and shows how these legacies are still unfolding.
Altered resting‐state effective connectivity of trigeminal vascular system in migraine without aura: A spectral dynamic causal modeling study
Authors: Qin Zhaoxia , Qu Hang , Liang Huai‐Bin , Zhou Qichen , Wang Wei , Wang Min , Liu Jian‐Ren , Du Xiaoxia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe trigeminal vascular system is an important part of the anatomical and physiological basis of migraine. The effective connectivity (EC) among the regions of interest (ROIs) in the trigeminal vascular system involved in migraine without aura (MWoA) remains unclear.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 48 patients (mean [SD] age 38.06 [10.35] years; male, 14/48 [29%]) with MWoA during the interictal phase and 48 healthy controls of similar age and sex (mean [SD] age 38.96 [10.96] years; male, 14/48 [29%]) underwent resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Dynamic causal modeling analysis was conducted to investigate directional EC among ROIs in the trigeminal vascular system including the bilateral brainstem, the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), the thalamus, and the insula.ResultsCompared with the healthy control group, MWoA represented significantly reduced EC from the left brainstem (Brainstem.L) to the left insula (MWoA: mean [SD] −0.16 [0.36]; healthy controls: mean [SD] 0.11 [0.41]; Pcorrected = 0.021), reduced EC from the Brainstem.L to the right insula (MWoA: mean [SD] −0.15 [0.39]; healthy controls: mean [SD] 0.03 [0.35]; Pcorrected = 0.021), and decreased EC from the left thalamus (Thalamus.L) to the Brainstem.L (MWoA: mean [SD] −0.13 [0.56]; healthy controls: mean [SD] 0.10 [0.45]; Pcorrected = 0.021). Altered EC parameters were not significantly correlated with MWoA clinical data.ConclusionThese results further provide increasing evidence that disturbed homeostasis of the trigeminovascular nociceptive pathway is involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of migraine. Patients with MWoA exhibited a regional interaction distinct from healthy controls in the neural pathway of the Bilateral Insula–Brainstem.L–Thalamus.L, which may shed light on the future understanding of brain mechanisms for MWoA. Future brain‐based interventions are suggested to consider the dysregulation in the Bilateral Insula–Brainstem.L–Thalamus.L circuits.
Effect of ammonium chloride on the morphology of hexagonal boron nitride prepared by magnesium thermal reduction
Authors: Wu Xiaoming , Wang Longfei , Yang Zengchao , Li Jiangtao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) crystals with cylindrical and nanoplate shape were prepared by the magnesium thermal reduction method. A simple and novel strategy successfully controlled the preferred growth direction of h‐BN crystal by adding a small amount of ammonium chloride to the reaction system, realized the transformation of the h‐BN crystal growth mode from cylindrical to nanoplate, and the thickness of h‐BN crystal nanoplates rapidly decreased from 2 μm to 40 nm. XRD results showed that the ammonium chloride content also significantly promoted the crystallinity of the synthesized h‐BN nanoplates, and the G.I. index decreased from 2.4 to 1.9. Raman and TEM results showed that the crystallinity of synthesized h‐BN was close to the properties of the single crystal.
Neonatal intensive care nurses' accounts of care for mothers/families with substance‐exposed pregnancies: A critical discourse analysis
Authors: Welborn Amber C. , Nichols Tracy , Gringle Meredith , Lewallen Lynne 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsTo explore the effects of power dynamics and hospital organizational structure upon neonatal intensive care nurses' experiences caring for infants and families from a substance‐exposed pregnancy (SEP).DesignThis secondary data analysis further investigated the results of a primary study after the original analysis suggested differences in work environments may impact relationship‐building opportunities between nurses and mothers/families. Critical discourse analysis served as both the theoretical lens and analytic technique.MethodNine (9) nurses from the southeast region of the United States (U.S.) were interviewed in 2019. Fifty‐one (51) stories of caregiving experiences were analysed with a focus on narratives related to organizational structure and care delivery.ResultsStudy findings revealed nurses experienced challenges providing high‐quality, family‐centered care for patients in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) affected by substances during pregnancy. Nurses described the central challenge of workload, exacerbated by power imbalances and structural constraints within the hospital's organizational structure. Findings suggest workload issues may endorse stigma by inhibiting opportunities to build relationships. Nurses report manageable workloads can support healthcare teams and recipients of care.ConclusionThe study suggests power imbalances between nurses, families and adjacent healthcare professionals can inhibit the delivery of high‐quality care. Supporting healthcare teams and recipients of care while centering the role of organizational structure is critical. Questions emerged about workload demands impacting the potential production of stigma in clinical environments.ImpactThis study examines the intersection of nurses' care experiences and hospital organizational structure. It identifies how the unique needs of caring for infants and families from a SEP increase the complexity of power imbalances and organizational constraints to further increase workload demands. Findings have implications for global healthcare organization leaders who build and maintain the structural integrity of clinical environments and nurse leaders who advocate and guide clinical teams to provide high‐quality care in stressful healthcare environments.Reporting MethodEQUATOR guidelines were followed, using the COREQ checklist.Patient or Public ContributionNICU nurses were interviewed about their care‐provision experiences. Interviews were analysed in the primary study and the current analysis of secondary data.
Attitudes and experiences related to the deaths of COVID‐19 patients among nursing staff: A qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Gómez‐Brufal‐Flores Manuel , Hueso‐Montoro César , Esteban‐Burgos Ana Alejandra , Montoya‐Juárez Rafael , Mota‐Romero Emilio , Capilla‐Díaz Concepción , Puente‐Fernández Daniel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo identify and synthesize the experiences and attitudes of nursing staff regarding the deaths of COVID‐19 patients.Review MethodsA qualitative evidence synthesis was carried out, using Noblit and Hare's meta‐ethnographic approach. The review protocol was listed in PROSPERO (CRD42022330928). Studies published from January 2020 to January 2022 that met the criteria were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, CUIDEN and PsycInfo. A total of 12 articles were included.ResultsThirty‐three metaphors emerged, which were grouped into three main themes: Determining factors of care, Feelings about death and Strategies for coping with death. Nurses reported the high emotional toll, the absence of family and the lack of staff, protocol and training as determining factors. Furthermore, staff had doubts about the quality of care that COVID‐19 patients received. As coping strategies, nurses developed avoidance behaviours towards COVID‐19 patients, selective memories, resilience, and/or leaving the profession.ConclusionsThe difficulty in providing adequate nursing care and the high number of deaths has increased anxiety and stress among nurses. These factors, alongside their lived experiences of seeing patients suffering, many dying alone without family members, have had psychological repercussions on nursing staff.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareThe results demonstrate a high emotional toll and doubts surrounding their caregiving role caused by the lack of professional training needed to face a pandemic. This research shows what has been learned for future pandemics and highlights basic components that could provide a foundation for coping interventions for healthcare professionals.ImpactWhat Problem did the Study Address?The challenges posed by COVID‐19 patient deaths for nursing staff around the world and also by the pandemic circumstances in which those deaths occurred.What were the Main Findings?The high number of deceased patients who were isolated from family members, communication with family members and doubts surrounding care given during the pandemic have created feelings of fear, stress and anxiety, as well as obsessive thoughts that have changed nursing staff's perception of death due to COVID‐19.Where and on whom will the Research have an Impact?Results will be useful for preparing for future pandemics, and for policymakers and health staff in supporting healthcare professionals by creating programmes to help them cope with the emotional toll they have felt after dealing with death in such unprecedented circumstances.Reporting MethodThe authors have adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and the eMERGe Reporting Guidance.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Morphological and molecular characterization of a new member of the phylum Rhodelphidia
Authors: Prokina Kristina I. , Tikhonenkov Denis V. , López‐García Purificación , Moreira David 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRhodelphidia is a recently discovered phylum within the supergroup Archaeplastida, comprising only two known representatives (Rhodelphis marinus and Rhodelphis limneticus). Despite its close phylogenetic relatedness to red algae, Rhodelphidia differ markedly by being nonphotosynthetic eukaryotrophic flagellates with gene‐ and intron‐rich genomes. Here, we describe a new freshwater Rhodelphidia species, Rhodelphis mylnikovi sp. n., strain Rhod‐M. It shows clear morphological differences with the two other Rhodelphis species, including larger cell body size, presence of two contractile vacuoles, short and blunt pseudopodia, absence of cysts, and tendency to cannibalism. 18S rRNA‐based phylogenetic analysis placed it sister to the freshwater species R. limneticus.
A recently evolved BAHD acetyltransferase, responsible for bitter soyasaponin A production, is indispensable for soybean seed germination
Authors: Yuan Jia , Ma Liya , Wang Yan , Xu Xindan , Zhang Rui , Wang Chengyuan , Meng Wenxiang , Tian Zhixi , Zhou Yihua , Wang Guodong 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTSoyasaponins are major small molecules that accumulate in soybean (Glycine max) seeds. Among them, type‐A soyasaponins, fully acetylated at the terminal sugar of their C22 sugar chain, are responsible for the bitter taste of soybean‐derived foods. However, the molecular basis for the acetylation of type‐A soyasaponins remains unclear. Here, we identify and characterize GmSSAcT1, encoding a BADH‐type soyasaponin acetyltransferase that catalyzes three or four consecutive acetylations on type‐A soyasaponins in vitro and in planta. Phylogenetic analysis and biochemical assays suggest that GmSSAcT1 likely evolved from acyltransferases present in leguminous plants involved in isoflavonoid acylation. Loss‐of‐function mutants of GmSSAcT1 exhibited impaired seed germination, which attribute to the excessive accumulation of null‐acetylated type‐A soyasaponins. We conclude that GmSSAcT1 not only functions as a detoxification gene for high accumulation of type‐A soyasaponins in soybean seeds but is also a promising target for breeding new soybean varieties with lower bitter soyasaponin content.
Reflections from the frontline of nursing on acute patient deterioration
Authors: Dresser Susan , Teel Cynthia , Peltzer Jill 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsTo describe medical‐surgical nurses' reflections on their experiences with patient deterioration.BackgroundAn extensive body of knowledge exists regarding optimal responses to acute patient deterioration within a hospital environment. Much less attention has focused on the profound psychological and emotional impact these experiences of unexpected deterioration can have on nurses who provided the supportive or rescue care. A triggering event, such as patient deterioration, or direct questioning about these experiences, can lead nurses to reflect further on the situation. Engaging in reflection is believed to enhance learning and improve clinical judgement when future complex situations arise. Findings related to nurses' reflective practice when recalling previous situations with deteriorating patients are limited. This gap in the literature provided the basis for the current project.DesignA qualitative descriptive design.MethodsTwenty medical‐surgical nurses were interviewed in 2018. The nurses were recruited through purposive sampling. Semi‐structured telephone interviews explored nurses' experiences of a patient deterioration. Conventional content analysis with iterative coding and categorising and theme development was used for data analysis.FindingsThree themes emerged as participants reflected on their experiences. The themes were, Enduring frustration and regret, Feeling deeply responsible for and to the patient and Making sense of what happened.ConclusionsMedical‐surgical nurses who care for acutely deteriorating patients can experience lasting emotional, psychological and physical concerns that often go unrecognised and untreated. Furthermore, nurses with this background commonly reported their perceived increased risk for workplace distress.Relevance to Clinical PracticeFindings from this study are important for nurses, healthcare administrators and leaders, and patients. Participating in a rescue attempt often has a negative impact on nurses' perception of workplace stress and on persistent concerns about nurses' mental and physical health. The findings can be useful in informing additional studies about the phenomenon. Findings also can inform the exploration of workplace design. Organisations should assess for factors influencing workplace stress, develop strategies to mitigate the presence of workplace stress and foster nurses' well‐being so they can respond to future scenarios of patient deterioration, while maintaining their physical and mental health.Patient or Public ContributionThis study did not include any patient or public input.
Dexamethasone solution and dexamethasone in Mucolox™ for the treatment of oral inflammatory ulcerative diseases: A phase II randomized clinical trial
Authors: Lodolo Michele , Thanasuwat Burinrutt , Veluppillai Piri , Bassani Gus , Villa Alessandro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundMucolox™ is a mucosal drug delivery system that prolongs the contact time between the oral mucosa and topical corticosteroids, potentially reducing the need for multiple applications daily. This study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy and tolerability of dexamethasone 0.5 mg/5 mL solution in Mucolox™ for the management of oral inflammatory ulcerative diseases.MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned to receive dexamethasone 0.5 mg/5 mL in Mucolox™ (Mucolox™ arm) or dexamethasone 0.5 mg/5 mL solution (standard arm) and instructed to swish/gargle for 5 min three times daily. Changes from pre‐ to posttreatment patient's sensitivity score (0–10 on a visual analog scale), reticulation/erythema/ulceration score, and oral health‐related quality of life were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the study period.ResultsTwenty nine patients (75% females) with a median age of 58 years (range 18–79) were enrolled and randomly allocated to the Mucolox™ or standard arm. One subject was excluded. Although statistically significant in both arms, the pre‐ to posttreatment sensitivity score reduction was higher in the Mucolox™ arm (6.3 vs. 4.4‐point reduction). Both arms showed a decrease in the reticulation/erythema/ulceration score between the two visits (7.2 vs. 4.7 [Mucolox™ arm]; 8.0 vs. 4.8 [standard arm]; p > 0.05). Mucolox™ in dexamethasone 0.5 mg/5 mL solution was better tolerated when taste and level of comfort were considered.ConclusionsBoth treatments were effective in the management of oral inflammatory ulcerative diseases. Dexamethasone 0.5 mg/5 mL in Mucolox™ was better tolerated and was slightly better in controlling patients' oral sensitivity. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings in oral inflammatory ulcerative diseases patients.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04540133.