bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wildland Firefighter Critical Training Elicits Positive Adaptations to Markers of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health
Authors: Christison Katherine S. , Sol Joseph A. , Gurney Shae C. , Dumke Charles L. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction The purpose of this study was to identify physiologic changes in body composition and resting metabolic markers of health across 2 wk of critical training (CT) in wildland firefighters (WLFFs). Methods Twenty-two male and 3 female participants were recruited from 2 hotshot crews across the western United States prior to the 2022 fire season and monitored over their 80-h CT. Body weight (BW) and skinfolds were recorded before and after CT to estimate body fat (BF) and lean body weight (LBW). Blood was analyzed for changes in hematocrit, hemoglobin, plasma volume, and resting values of a lipid and metabolic panel. Results The high physical demands of CT resulted in improvements in total cholesterol (−19.3 mg/dL, P<0.001), triglycerides (−34.4 mg/dL, P<0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−18.1 mg/dL, P<0.001), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−5.2 mg/dL, P<0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+4.0 mg/dL, P=0.002), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−19.3 mg/dL, P<0.001), and fasting glucose (−4.3 mg/dL, P=0.008) from before CT to after CT. Significant decreases in hemoglobin and hematocrit were also seen ( P<0.001) with corresponding increases in estimated plasma volume (+6.1%, P<0.001). These alterations were seen despite maintenance of BW, LBW, and BF. Lower pretraining BF was associated with a greater magnitude of improvements in fasting glucose and cholesterol markers. Conclusions The observed improvements in baseline metabolic and cardiovascular markers along with plasma volume expansion suggest a positive response to the physical stress of WLFF CT. It appears that higher preseason fitness was associated with greater adaptations to the CT stressor.
Twenty-Four Percent of Wildland Firefighters Reach Critical Levels of Serum Creatine Kinase During 80-Hour Critical Training
Authors: Christison Katherine S. , Sol Joseph A. , Gurney Shae C. , Dumke Charles L. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction Wildland firefighters (WLFFs) must undergo a 2-wk critical training (CT) period prior to deployment to the field. This stress may result in clinical risks, including severe muscle damage and rhabdomyolysis. We aimed to document the effects of WLFFs’ CT on physiologic markers of muscle damage and soreness. Methods Two interagency hotshot crews (n=25) were followed during spring 2022 for 80 h of training. Activity counts as well as records of upper-body (US) and lower-body (LS) muscle soreness were collected daily. Body weight (BW) and skinfold measurements were recorded on Day 1 (D1) and D11 to estimate body fat (BF) and lean body weight (LBW). Blood was collected on D1 and D11 to measure muscle and liver damage markers. Results Critical training resulted in significant elevations in creatine kinase (CK) (216.9±57.4 U/L vs 5166.4±1927.8 U/L, P=0.017) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (175.5±4.0 IU/L vs 340.0±42.6 IU/L, P=0.001) despite no significant changes in BW, BF, LBW, cortisol, or testosterone. Main effects of time were seen in US and LS, peaking on D11 (US: 5.2±0.4 cm, P<0.001; LS: 5.5±0.4 cm, P<0.001). Those who spent the most minutes with activity counts of >1500 counts/min showed the greatest increase in CK and LDH. Conclusions These data suggest that WLFFs undergo significant physiologic stressors, resulting in muscle soreness and damage during CT, with 6 of the 25 subjects reaching critical levels of serum CK. It appears that much of the muscle damage and soreness occurred because of unaccustomed WLFF job-specific tasks.
Investigation of conceptus stimulated gene expression in buffalo peripheral blood mononuclear cells as potential diagnostic markers of early pregnancy
Authors: Sharma Paramjeet , Choudhary Ratan Kumar , Ratta Navdeep Singh , Singh Sikh Tejinder 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExploration of novel strategies for early pregnancy diagnosis is pivotal in enhancing the reproductive potential and monetary gains from dairy herds. In buffalo, the trophectoderm cells of the elongating conceptus secrete interferon-tau that stimulates the transcription of various genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) during the peri-implantation period. We explored the differential expression of classical (ISG15) and novel (LGALS3BP and CD9) early pregnancy markers in PBMC of buffaloes during various stages of pregnancy. Natural heat was detected in buffaloes by assessing the vaginal fluid, and artificial insemination (AI) was done. Whole blood was collected from the jugular vein in EDTA-containing vacutainers for PBMC isolation before AI (0-day) and 20, 25 and 40 d post-AI. On day 40, transrectal ultrasonography examination was performed to confirm pregnancy. The inseminated non-pregnant animals served as control. Total RNA was extracted using the TRIzol method. The temporal abundance of ISG15, LGALS3BP and CD9 genes in PBMC was compared between pregnant and non-pregnant groups (n = 9 per group) using real time-qPCR. Results showed transcripts of ISG15 and LGALS3BP were more abundant at 20 d in the pregnant group compared to the 0 d and 20 d values of the non-pregnant group. However, due to variability in expression, threshold (Ct) cycle of RT-qPCR alone could not distinguish pregnant and non-pregnant animals. In conclusion, ISG15 and LGALS3BP transcripts abundance in PBMCs are potential candidate biomarkers for early prediction of buffalo pregnancy 20-days post-AI, but further work is required to allow the development of a reliable new methodology.
Employer Engagement with Third-Sector Activation Programmes for Vulnerable Groups: Interrogating Logics and Roles
Authors: Butler Peter , Payne Jonathan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Employer engagement with active labour market programmes (ALMPs) and related employability projects is seen as vital to their ‘success’. However, the role of employers remains under-researched – a gap which widens in relation to non-governmental programmes led by not-for-profit, third-sector organisations (TSOs). Recent studies suggest that engaging employers may depend on addressing both human resource (HR) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) ‘logics’ and linking the roles of ‘gatekeeper to jobs’ and ‘proactive strategic partner’. A key question is whether TSO-led programmes are better placed to combine these logics and roles in engaging employers to help vulnerable groups into decent sustainable employment. The article explores this through a case study of two projects in England. The findings highlight the challenges that TSOs face in having to appeal almost exclusively to a CSR logic and explores why this is the case.
Aegean and Aegeanising Geometric pottery at Kinet Höyük: new patterns of Greek pottery production, exchange and consumption in the Mediterranean
Authors: Gimatzidis Stefanos , Gates Marie-Henriette , Lehmann Gunnar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the Aegean and Aegeanising ceramic wares of Geometric type that were recovered in excavations at the Cilician seaport of Kinet Höyük. Its Geometric pottery assemblage, published here for the first time, is among the largest found so far in the eastern Mediterranean and provides the starting point for a new reconstruction of Greek pottery consumption patterns in the eastern Mediterranean. With this aim, we first present the formal and archaeometric characteristics of the Kinet repertoire, the nature of its archaeological contexts, and how it compares with Geometric ceramic assemblages elsewhere. The second part of our paper assesses this popular Aegean ceramic type’s modes of production in order to define the conditions that sponsored the many dimensions of its distribution, exchange and consumption.*
Cool-season cover crop effects on forage productivity and short-term soil health in a semi-arid environment
Authors: Ogunleye Anuoluwapo M. , Opoku Akwasi , Solomon Juan K.Q. , Payne William 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
There have been no systematic experiments conducted in Nevada's water-limited environment that examined the simultaneous benefits of soil health and feed value derived from cool-season cover cropping systems. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of different annual cool-season cover crop systems on above and belowground biomass production, plant tissue carbon and nitrogen, forage nutritive value (crude protein, acid, and neutral detergent fiber), relative feed value (RFV), and short-term soil health indicators under irrigation in a semi-arid environment. Treatments (cover crop systems) were a fallow (no cover crop), five monocultures of rye (Secale cereale L.), winter lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), arrowleaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi), white sweetclover (Melilotus alba), forage kale (Brassica oleracea L.), and two three-species mixtures in 50-25-25 seeding ratios (CCM 1: rye, winter lentil, arrowleaf clover; CCM 2: rye, white sweetclover, forage kale). Cover crop systems were arranged in an RCBD with three replications. Plots were fall seeded in Reno, NV early October of each year (2020 and 2021) and terminated at the end of July of 2021 and 2022, respectively. Averaged across years, aboveground biomass production was lowest for the monoculture of winter lentil (4104 kg DM ha−1; SE = 1551) compared to all other cover crop systems (average = 7593 kg DM ha−1; SE = 1551). Biomass carbon produced was lowest for winter lentil (1717 kg ha−1; SE = 675) relative to all other cover crop systems (average = 3227 kg ha−1; SE = 675). The CCM 1 system had a greater C/N ratio (36.3) than CCM 2 and the monocultures of winter lentil, arrowleaf clover, and white sweetclover (average = 24.9). Belowground biomass did not differ among cover crop systems (average = 3161 kg DM ha−1; SE = 962). Crude protein concentration was similar among cover crop systems but the RFV was greatest for forage kale (RFV = 165; SE = 4.0) among all cover crop systems. Soil total N and organic carbon concentration did not differ among cover crop systems but soil K concentration was greatest under fallow (428 mg kg−1 soil; SE = 26) relative to all other systems (average = 345.6 mg kg−1 soil; SE = 26). Soil microbial community biomass was not altered by cover crop system or its interaction with year. While the short-term impact of the cover crop systems on soil health indicators was minimal relative to the fallow system, the overall results suggested that there is potential to integrate cover crops in Nevada's semi-arid environment under irrigation.
Plasmapause Surface Waves Triggered by Substorms
Authors: Hao Y. X. , Zong Q.‐G. , Yue C. , Zhou X.‐Z. , Zhang H. , Pu Z. Y. , Shprits Y. Y. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, we present in‐situ measurement on board Van Allen Probes showing that surface wave can cause oscillations of the plasmapause and modulate hiss and electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves. Plasmapause surface wave (PSW) in Ps6 band was observed during an intense substorm on 16 July 2017, accompanied with quasi‐periodic emissions of hiss (positively correlated with plasma density) and ECH waves (anticorrelated with density). Phase relation between magnetic field and velocity perturbations indicate that the PSW was an eigenmode between southern and northern ionosphere. Measurements from ground‐based magnetometers suggest that such PSW propagates sunward at the dusk flank and were excited around the expansion phase of an intense substorm. Additional cases of PSWs are also presented to demonstrate that such waves are commonly observed near plasmapause and are likely to be related to the substorm activity.
Ubiquitous Earthquake Dynamic Triggering in Southern California
Authors: DeSalvio Nicolas D. , Fan Wenyuan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEarthquakes can be dynamically triggered by the passing waves of other distant events. The frequent occurrence of dynamic triggering offers tangible hope in revealing earthquake nucleation processes. However, the physical mechanisms behind earthquake dynamic triggering have remained unclear, and contributions of competing hypotheses are challenging to isolate with individual case studies. To gain a systematic understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns of dynamic triggering, we investigate the phenomenon in southern California from 2008 to 2017. We use the Quake Template Matching catalog and an approach that does not assume an earthquake occurrence distribution. We develop a new set of statistics to examine the significance of seismicity‐rate changes as well as moment‐release changes. Our results show that up to 70% of 1,388 global M ≥ 6 events may have triggered earthquakes in southern California. The triggered seismicity often occurred several hours after the passing seismic waves. The Salton Sea Geothermal Field, San Jacinto fault, and Coso Geothermal Field are particularly prone to triggering. Although adjacent fault segments can be triggered by the same earthquakes, the majority of triggered earthquakes seem to be uncorrelated, suggesting that the process is primarily governed by local conditions. Further, the occurrence of dynamic triggering does not seem to correlate with ground motion (e.g., peak ground velocity) at the triggered sites. These observations indicate that nonlinear processes may have primarily regulated the dynamic triggering cases.
Unraveling effects of electron correlation in two-dimensional FenGeTe2 (n = 3, 4, 5) by dynamical mean field theory
Authors: Ghosh Sukanya , Ershadrad Soheil , Borisov Vladislav , Sanyal Biplab 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe FenGeTe2 systems are recently discovered two-dimensional van-der-Waals materials, exhibiting magnetism at room temperature. The sub-systems belonging to FenGeTe2 class are special because they show site-dependent magnetic behavior. We focus on the critical evaluation of magnetic properties and electron correlation effects in FenGeTe2 (n = 3, 4, 5) (FGT) systems performing first-principles calculations. Three different ab initio approaches have been used primarily, viz., (i) standard density functional theory (GGA), (ii) incorporating static electron correlation (GGA + U) and (iii) inclusion of dynamic electron correlation effect (GGA + DMFT). Our results show that GGA + DMFT is the more accurate technique to correctly reproduce the magnetic interactions, experimentally observed transition temperatures and electronic properties. The inaccurate values of magnetic moments, exchange interactions obtained from GGA + U make this method inapplicable for the FGT family. Correct determination of magnetic properties for this class of materials is important since they are promising candidates for spin transport and spintronic applications at room temperature.
Electrochemical and theoretical investigations of favipiravir drug performance as ecologically benign corrosion inhibitor for aluminum alloy in acid solution
Authors: Deyab M. A. , El-Shamy Omnia A. A. , Thabet Hamdy Khamees , Ashmawy Ashraf M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAluminum–silicon alloys have become a preferred option in the automotive and aerospace industries thanks to their fault-tolerant process ability and reasonable static characteristics at relatively affordable costs. This study aimed to investigate the use of favipiravir (FAV) drug as a biocompatible and eco-friendly inhibitor to protect aluminum alloy (AlSi) surface in an aggressive acid environment (1.0 M HCl). The electrochemical measurements declare that FAV is categorized as an inhibitor of mixed type with a cathodic effect. At 100 ppm, FAV had the highest inhibitory efficiency (96.45%). FAV is associated with lower double-layer capacitance values and more excellent charge-transfer resistance. These results show that AlSi corrosion in 1.0 M HCl is reduced in the presence of FAV. The Langmuir model is well-suited to the FAV adsorption behavior (R2≈ 1). Chemisorption is the primary adsorption in this environment. The theoretical calculation studies corrosion inhibitors' molecular structure and behavior. Different quantum chemical properties of the FAV have been calculated, including energy difference (ΔE), softness, global hardness, and energy of back-donation depending on the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals. In addition, Mulliken and Fukui’s population analysis and the Molecular Electrostatic Potential map represent the electron distribution and the molecule’s active centers. Experimental findings and quantum chemical computations matched, and FAV is recommended as a green corrosion inhibitor.
Streptozotocin induces renal proximal tubular injury through p53 signaling activation
Authors: Nakai Kunihiro , Umehara Minato , Minamida Atsushi , Yamauchi-Sawada Hiroko , Sunahara Yasuto , Matoba Yayoi , Okuno-Ozeki Natsuko , Nakamura Itaru , Nakata Tomohiro , Yagi-Tomita Aya , Uehara-Watanabe Noriko , Ida Tomoharu , Yamashita Noriyuki , Kamezaki Michitsugu , Kirita Yuhei , Konishi Eiichi , Yasuda Hiroaki , Matoba Satoaki , Tamagaki Keiichi , Kusaba Tetsuro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStreptozotocin (STZ), an anti-cancer drug that is primarily used to treat neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) in clinical settings, is incorporated into pancreatic β-cells or proximal tubular epithelial cells through the glucose transporter, GLUT2. However, its cytotoxic effects on kidney cells have been underestimated and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We herein demonstrated that DNA damage and subsequent p53 signaling were responsible for the development of STZ-induced tubular epithelial injury. We detected tubular epithelial DNA damage in NET patients treated with STZ. Unbiased transcriptomics of STZ-treated tubular epithelial cells in vitro showed the activation of the p53 signaling pathway. STZ induced DNA damage and activated p53 signaling in vivo in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in reduced membrane transporters. The pharmacological inhibition of p53 and sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) mitigated STZ-induced epithelial injury. However, the cytotoxic effects of STZ on pancreatic β-cells were preserved in SGLT2 inhibitor-treated mice. The present results demonstrate the proximal tubular-specific cytotoxicity of STZ and the underlying mechanisms in vivo. Since the cytotoxic effects of STZ against β-cells were not impaired by dapagliflozin, pretreatment with an SGLT2 inhibitor has potential as a preventative remedy for kidney injury in NET patients treated with STZ.
Mixed Micromax and hematite-based fly ash geopolymer for heavy-weight well cementing
Authors: Abdelaal Ahmed , Elkatatny Salaheldin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOrdinary Portland cement (OPC) has introduced different environmental and technical issues. Researchers tried either adding new materials to cement or developing alternatives for both technical and environmental challenges. Hematite as a weighting agent is used to increase cement slurry density. Heavy particles sedimentation in cement and geopolymer slurries is a serious issue which creates heterogenous properties along the cemented section. This work presents a new class of geopolymers using both hematite and Micromax as weighting materials for high density well cementing applications. The first system used only hematite while the other system used both hematite and Micromax. The main goal behind using Micromax with hematite is to check the possibility of eliminating the sedimentation issue associated with hematite in geopolymers. Moreover, the effects of adding Micromax on different FFA geopolymer properties were also evaluated. Different mixtures of retarder, retarder intensifier and superplasticizer were introduced to increase the thickening times of the developed geopolymer systems. The results showed that adding Micromax to hematite decreased the average density variation from 12.5% to almost 3.9%. Micromax addition reduced plastic viscosity by 44.5% and fluid loss by 10.5%. Both systems had a close performance in terms of strength, elastic properties, and permeability. The thickening time was 390 min for the hematite system and 300 min for the mixed system using the proposed additives mixtures.
Menstrual cycle length variation by demographic characteristics from the Apple Women’s Health Study
Authors: Li Huichu , Gibson Elizabeth A. , Jukic Anne Marie Z. , Baird Donna D. , Wilcox Allen J. , Curry Christine L. , Fischer-Colbrie Tyler , Onnela Jukka-Pekka , Williams Michelle A. , Hauser Russ , Coull Brent A. , Mahalingaiah Shruthi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMenstrual characteristics are important signs of women’s health. Here we examine the variation of menstrual cycle length by age, ethnicity, and body weight using 165,668 cycles from 12,608 participants in the US using mobile menstrual tracking apps. After adjusting for all covariates, mean menstrual cycle length is shorter with older age across all age groups until age 50 and then became longer for those age 50 and older. Menstrual cycles are on average 1.6 (95%CI: 1.2, 2.0) days longer for Asian and 0.7 (95%CI: 0.4, 1.0) days longer for Hispanic participants compared to white non-Hispanic participants. Participants with BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 have 1.5 (95%CI: 1.2, 1.8) days longer cycles compared to those with BMI between 18.5 and 25 kg/m2. Cycle variability is the lowest among participants aged 35–39 but are considerably higher by 46% (95%CI: 43%, 48%) and 45% (95%CI: 41%, 49%) among those aged under 20 and between 45–49. Cycle variability increase by 200% (95%CI: 191%, 210%) among those aged above 50 compared to those in the 35–39 age group. Compared to white participants, those who are Asian and Hispanic have larger cycle variability. Participants with obesity also have higher cycle variability. Here we confirm previous observations of changes in menstrual cycle pattern with age across reproductive life span and report new evidence on the differences of menstrual variation by ethnicity and obesity status. Future studies should explore the underlying determinants of the variation in menstrual characteristics.
Ocean alkalinity enhancement through restoration of blue carbon ecosystems
Authors: Fakhraee Mojtaba , Planavsky Noah J. , Reinhard Christopher T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBlue carbon ecosystems provide a wide range of ecosystem services, are critical for maintaining marine biodiversity and may potentially serve as sites of economically viable carbon dioxide removal through enhanced organic carbon storage. Here we use biogeochemical simulations to show that restoration of these marine ecosystems can also lead to permanent carbon dioxide removal by driving ocean alkalinity enhancement and atmosphere-to-ocean CO2 fluxes. Most notably, our findings suggest that restoring mangroves, which are common in tropical shallow marine settings, will lead to notable local ocean alkalinity enhancement across a wide range of scenarios. Enhanced alkalinity production is linked to increased rates of anaerobic respiration and to increased dissolution of calcium carbonate within sediments. This work provides further motivation to pursue feasible blue carbon restoration projects and a basis for incorporating inorganic carbon removal in regulatory and economic incentivization of blue carbon ecosystem restoration.