bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Team Hierarchy During High-Stakes Clinical Decision Making: Development and Validation of a New Behavioral Observation Method
Authors: Johansson Anna C. , Manago Bianca , Sell Jane , Jackson Cullen D. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
Hierarchy is often cited as a cause of health care team failure; however, there are no validated measures of team hierarchy. Research on group processes in sociology provides a theoretical framework—status characteristics and expectation states (SCES)—that explains the mechanisms that produce the observable power and prestige order (status hierarchy) of the team. The authors use this formal theoretical framework to gather evidence of validity by adapting the method to measure the status hierarchy of medical teams.

Method
In this retrospective, secondary analysis, the authors analyzed archived videorecorded training exercises conducted between 2007 and 2010 of mixed-gender health care teams of first-year residents and nurses engaged in simulated, complex decision-making scenarios. Analyses were conducted in 2013 with data reanalyzed in July 2022. By adapting the SCES framework for the unique features of academic health care, they developed and refined a coding method from videos and transcripts. To examine validity, they consider the content, response process, internal structure, relation to other variables, and consequences of the framework.

Results
Having established an acceptable level of coding reliability for key variables for videos and transcripts, the authors demonstrate relation to other variables, specifically detailing how the coding scheme delineates 2 status characteristics—occupation and gender. The mean numbers of statement types by gender and occupation were largely as predicted. Directives, question directives, patient work, and knowledge claims were more likely to be coded during video than transcript coding, whereas questions, statements of fact, and compliance were more likely to be coded during transcript than video coding. However, the relative rates of each statement type by status remained largely consistent among the coding methods.

Conclusions
This study provides important insight into the mechanisms by which hierarchy impacts team decision making and develops the necessary framework and measurement tool to perform larger studies.
Hepatitis C Virus Cascade of Care Among Perinatal Patients in Maine Diagnosed With Opioid Use Disorder, 2015–2020
Authors: Pfeiffer Mariah , O'Connor Alane , Zimmerman Caroline , Thakarar Kinna , Ahrens Katherine 
Published: January 2023

Objective
This is a quality improvement project to determine the best process to identify and address gaps in care for perinatal patients in receiving appropriate hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing and treatment across the largest health system in Maine.

Study Design
We reviewed electronic medical record data between October 1, 2015, and February 1, 2020, to investigate rates of HCV testing and treatment among 916 perinatal patients with opioid use disorder across 8 hospitals using a “cascade of care” framework, a model used previously to identify gaps in care and treatment of chronic diseases.

Main Outcome Measure
We examined HCV testing and treatment rates along the cascade of care and patient characteristics associated with HCV antibody testing and treatment, separately, using log binomial regression models. Models were adjusted for age, residential distance to medical center, psychiatric diagnosis, and opioid agonist therapy at delivery.

Results
Of pregnant patients eligible for screening, 64% (582/916) received HCV antibody testing. Of 136 patients with active HCV infection, 32% (n = 43) received a referral for treatment, 21% (n = 28) were treated, and 13% (n = 18) achieved sustained virologic response. In the adjusted regression models, only opioid agonist therapy was associated with HCV antibody testing (adjusted risk ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.18–1.46), and no factors were significantly associated with receipt of treatment among HCV viremic patients.

Conclusion
Low referral and treatment rates signify the need for quality improvement interventions to improve coordination of care between multiple disciplines and practice settings to increase access to HCV treatment.
Weight loss and atrial fibrillation: a review
Authors: Tomaiko-Clark Emrie , Husain Farah , Su Wilber 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review
Despite technological advancements in catheter ablation, patients with atrial fibrillation often require multiple ablations, with diminishing returns depending on duration and persistence. Although early ablation is vital, modification of atrial fibrillation disease can be achieved with modification of existing risk factors. Obesity is an important modifiable risk factor, but there does not appear to be a consensus on the best method or goal for weight reduction.

Recent findings
The relationship between atrial fibrillation and obesity has been acknowledged. This review examines the clinical evidence demonstrating the benefit of weight reduction in the management of atrial fibrillation. In particular, this review compares the different approaches of recent studies.

Summary
On the basis of the literature, the authors recommend a structured weight loss programme with dietary and behavioural modifications individualized to each patient and including the implementation of physical activity. Consideration of bariatric surgery is appropriate in certain patients with obesity.
Necrostatin-1 prevents skeletal muscle ischemia reperfusion injury by regulating Bok-mediated apoptosis
Authors: Cao Yu , Wang Hong-Bo , Ni Chun-Jue , Chen Shun-Li , Wang Wan-Tie , Wang Liang-Rong 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 (RIPK1) mediates apoptosis by regulating the classic proapoptotic effectors Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer (Bak). Although Bcl-2-related ovarian killer (Bok) is structurally similar to Bak and Bax, it is unclear whether it mediates apoptosis in skeletal muscle ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. We hypothesized that by regulating Bok-mediated apoptosis, inhibiting RIPK1 with necrostatin-1 would reduce skeletal muscle IR injury.

Methods:
Rats were randomized into four groups: sham (SM), IR, IR treated with necrostatin-1 (NI), or vehicle dimethyl sulfoxide (DI). For the IR group, the right femoral artery was clamped for 4 hours and then reperfused for 4 hours, and for the NI and DI groups, necrostatin-1 (1.65 mg/kg) and the equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide were intraperitoneally administered prior to IR induction. The structural damage of muscle tissue and protein expression of Bok, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 were investigated, and apoptotic cells were identified with terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining. In vitro, human skeletal muscle cells (HSMCs) were exposed to 6 hours of oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by normoxia for 6 hours to establish an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model. To determine the role of Bok, cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and flow cytometry were examined to demonstrate the effects of necrostatin-1 and Bok knockdown on the OGD/R insult of HSMCs.

Results:
Necrostatin-1 pretreatment markedly reduced IR-induced muscle damage and RIPK1, Bok, and cleaved caspase-3 expression, whereas upregualted Bcl-2 expression (p < 0.05). Furthermore, necrostatin-1 prevented mitochondrial damage and decreased TUNEL-positive muscle cells (p < 0.05). In vitro, HSMCs treated with necrostatin-1 showed reduced Bok expression, increased cell viability, and reduced LDH release in response to OGD/R (p < 0.05), and Bok knockdown significantly blunted the OGD/R insult in HSMCs.

Conclusion:
Necrostatin-1 prevents skeletal muscle from IR injury by regulating Bok-mediated apoptosis.
High expression of NLRP12 predicts poor prognosis in patients with intracranial glioma
Authors: Cheng Yu-Wen , Chen Yang-Yi , Lin Chien-Ju , Chen Yi-Ting , Lieu Ann-Shung , Tsai Hung-Pei , Kwan Aij-Lie 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Intracranial gliomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumors in humans, and glioblastoma multiforme is the most malignant intracranial glioma. The nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR)-containing family are crucial regulators of inflammatory and innate immune responses. NLRP12 codes for the monarch-1 protein, which regulates immune responses in humans. Data from a next-generation sequencing database indicated that NLRP12 expression is increased in glioma cells. However, the relationship between NLRP12 levels and gliomas is unclear.

Methods:
To explore the role of NLRP12-related translation factors and proteins in glioma, we evaluated the clinical data and paraffin sections from glioma patients. The expression of NLRP12 was evaluated using immunohistochemical analysis, and clinical parameters were analyzed using chi-square and Kaplan–Meier survival tests.

Results:
The degree of malignancy and prognosis highly correlated with NLRP12 levels. In addition, the siRNA-mediated downregulation of NLRP12 in glioma cell lines decreased proliferation, invasion, and migration. The levels of VEGF, N-cadherin, and cyclin D1 were downregulated after knockdown of NRLP12 in glioma cell lines, as observed using western blotting in vitro. Knockdown of NLRP12 attenuated the tumor progression in vivo.

Conclusion:
The expression of NLRP12 may be an independent prognostic factor and a potential target for the treatment of intracranial glioma.
Reduced-penetrance Huntington’s disease-causing alleles with 39 CAG trinucleotide repeats could be a genetic factor of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Jih Kang-Yang , Lai Kuan-Lin , Lin Kon-Ping , Liao Yi-Chu , Lee Yi-Chung 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Expanded HTT alleles with 40 or more CAG repeats were recently found to be a rare cause of frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) spectrum diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of HTT repeat expansions in a Taiwanese cohort with ALS.

Methods:
We analyzed the numbers of CAG repeats in exon 1 of HTT in a cohort of 410 Taiwanese patients with ALS and 1514 control individuals by utilizing polymerase chain reaction and amplicon fragment length analysis.

Results:
Only one of the 410 ALS patients carried a reduced-penetrance HD-causing allele with 39 CAG repeats, and none had an expanded HTT CAG repeats ≥40. The patient presented with rapidly progressive bulbar-onset ALS with disease onset at the age of 64 years. He had neither chorea nor cognitive impairment. He had a family history of chorea, but no other family member manifested with ALS. None of the 1514 control individuals carried an HTT expanded allele with CAG repeats larger than 37 repeats.

Conclusion:
The HTT allele with 39 CAG repeats could be a genetic factor linked to ALS susceptibility.
Further Silencing the Voiceless
Authors: Hasking Penelope , Lewis Stephen P. , Staniland Lexy , Mirichlis Sylvanna , Hird Kirsty , Gray Nicole , Arai Mia , Pemberton Ethan , Preece David , Boyes Mark 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Gatekeepers play a pivotal role in protecting individuals under their care and are central to keeping people safe and away from harm. In the field of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), a range of gatekeepers exist, including those who protect access to vulnerable research participants, those who protect school children, those charged with making decisions about funding priorities, and those in charge of clinical care for people who self-injure. The aim of this commentary is to outline the roles these different gatekeepers have in protecting access to research participants, access to NSSI knowledge, and access to clinical care for individuals who self-injure. We provide examples in which gatekeepers may present barriers and offer solutions for how to work with gatekeepers for mutual benefit.
Coping Strategy Enhancement for Auditory Verbal Hallucinations Within Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Zanello Adriano , Mutanda Daniel , Sentissi Othman , Hayward Mark 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are often multiple distressing experiences. Emerging evidence suggests that interventions informed by the principles of cognitive behavioral therapy, such as brief Cognitive Strategy Enhancement (brief-CSE), can reduce the distress related to AVH. The benefits of brief-CSE have been demonstrated for English-speaking patients. This uncontrolled pilot study, conducted in routine clinical practice, evaluated the benefits of brief-CSE within a group of French-speaking AVH hearers. Thirty-two patients were offered the brief-CSE intervention. Self-administered questionnaires were completed pre-post intervention. A significant reduction was observed in AVH distress, with a large effect size, and for more than half of the patients, this reduction was clinically meaningful. AVH severity and anxiety also decreased significantly. This study demonstrates that brief-CSE can be implemented in non–English-speaking routine clinical practice and can reduce several aspects of AVH subjective experience. There is a need to confirm these findings in a larger sample.
Adrenal Hemorrhage: A Review
Authors: Doiron Tucker , Odom Lettie A. , Magann Everett F. 
Published: January 2023

Importance
Adrenal hemorrhage in pregnancy is rare. The prevalence of pregnant patients whose pregnancies are complicated by preeclampsia or eclampsia is hypothesized to be slightly higher than the 0.4% to 1.1% occurrence rate in the nonpregnant population. However, the mortality rate of adrenal hemorrhage is reportedly as high as 15%. Therefore, it is critical for obstetric providers to have basic knowledge on the presentation, diagnosis, and management of adrenal hemorrhage in the pregnant population so that prompt diagnosis can be made.

Objective
This review highlights incidence, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, management, and complications of adrenal hemorrhage in the peripartum period.

Evidence Acquisition
A literature search was undertaken by our research university librarian using the search engines of PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE (Medline items removed). The search terms used included “adrenal hemorrhage” OR “adrenal gland hemorrhage” AND “pregnancy” OR “maternal.” The search was limited to articles in English, and the years searched were from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2021.

Results
There were 130 abstracts identified, and 30 of the articles were ultimately used as the basis for this review. Presenting signs and symptoms of adrenal hemorrhage were typically abdominal, back, and flank pain. Diagnosis was typically made with ultrasound and computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging without contrast for confirmation. Management options include conservative management versus surgical management with adrenalectomy or interventional radiology embolization in the unstable patient. For patients with evidence of adrenal insufficiency, steroid replacement was used. Most patients with adrenal hemorrhage in the literature had unilateral adrenal hemorrhage; however, several cases of bilateral adrenal hemorrhage have been reported. Patients with bilateral adrenal hemorrhage were more likely to require steroids for adrenal insufficiency. There are no known contraindications to vaginal delivery in this group of patients, and patients who were managed conservatively were often able to continue the pregnancy to term.

Conclusions
Early recognition and management are integral in decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with adrenal hemorrhage.

Relevance Statement
This is an evidence-based review of adrenal hemorrhage in pregnancy and how to diagnose and manage a pregnancy complicated by adrenal hemorrhage.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After completing this learning activity, the participant should be able to identify the pregnancy-related risk factors for adrenal hemorrhage; interpret the presenting signs and symptoms of an adrenal hemorrhage in pregnancy; describe the imaging modalities available to diagnose adrenal hemorrhage; and outline treatment options including conservative and surgical management.
Preemptive Infiltration of Local Anesthetics During Vaginal Hysterectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zacharakis Dimitrios , Prodromidou Anastasia , Douligeris Athanasios , Athanasiou Stavros , Hadzilia Sophia , Kathopoulis Nikolaos , Athanasiou Veatriki , Grigoriadis Themos 
Published: January 2023

(Abstracted from Urogynecology 2022;28:667–678)
Undergoing pelvic floor reconstructive surgery bears a lifetime risk between 14% and 19%, with a significantly higher risk in elderly and postmenopausal women. The traditional preferred surgical approach for pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) is vaginal hysterectomy (VH) with or without pelvic floor repair.
Rates of Complications and Reoperation After Myomectomy—The Impact of Surgical Approach: A Statewide Population-Based Cohort Study From 2005–2018
Authors: Simko Sarah , Dallas Kai , Molina Andrea L. , Siedhoff Matthew T. , Wright Kelly N. , Anger Jennifer T. , Truong Mireille D. 
Published: January 2023

(Abstracted from J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2022;29:1157–1164)
Approximately 70% of women are affected with uterine leiomyomata (ULM) by the age of menopause. Uterine leiomyomata disease accounts for 29% of gynecologic hospitalizations among women aged 15 to 54 years.
Effect of an Intensive Nurse Home Visiting Program on Adverse Birth Outcomes in a Medicaid-Eligible Population: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: McConnell Margaret A. , Rokicki Slawa , Ayers Samuel , Allouch Farah , Perreault Nicolas , Gourevitch Rebecca A. , Martin Michelle W. , Zhou R. Annetta , Zera Chloe , Hacker Michele R. , Chien Alyna , Bates Mary Ann , Baicker Katherine 
Published: January 2023

(Abstracted from JAMA 2022:328(1):27–37)
Mortality, morbidity, and childhood developmental challenges can all result from adverse birth outcomes. In regard to these outcomes, the United States exhibits significant racial and socioeconomic inequities, and effective interventions targeting low-income pregnant people are necessary.
Time of Delivery Among Low-Risk Women at 37–42 Weeks of Gestation and Risks of Stillbirth and Infant Mortality, and Long-term Neurological Morbidity
Authors: Razaz Neda , Muraca Giulia M. , Fink Katharina , Boutin Amélie , John Sid , Lisonkova Sarka , Stephansson Olof , Cnattingius Sven , Joseph K. S. 
Published: January 2023

(Abstracted from Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2022;36:577–587)
Time of delivery in low-risk pregnancies is an important consideration for clinicians. They must balance the risks associated with early delivery, including respiratory and other neonatal complications, versus those associated with later delivery, including stillbirth, meconium aspiration syndrome and maternal complications.
Endothelial and Glycocalyx Biomarkers in Children With Sepsis After One Bolus of Unbalanced or Balanced Crystalloids*
Authors: Fernández-Sarmiento Jaime , Salazar-Peláez Lina María , Acevedo Lorena , Niño-Serna Laura Fernanda , Flórez Steffanie , Alarcón-Forero Laura , Mulett Hernando , Gómez Laura , Villar Juan Carlos 
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVES:
To assess the disruption of endothelial glycocalyx integrity in children with sepsis receiving fluid resuscitation with either balanced or unbalanced crystalloids. The primary outcome was endothelial glycocalyx disruption (using perfused boundary region >2 µm on sublingual video microscopy and syndecan-1 greater than 80 mg/dL) according to the type of crystalloid. The secondary outcomes were increased vascular permeability (using angiopoietin-2 level), apoptosis (using annexin A5 level), and associated clinical changes.

DESIGN:
A single-center prospective cohort study from January to December 2021.

SETTING:
Twelve medical-surgical PICU beds at a university hospital.

PATIENTS:
Children with sepsis/septic shock before and after receiving fluid resuscitation with crystalloids for hemodynamic instability.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We included 106 patients (3.9 yr [interquartile range, 0.60–13.10 yr]); 58 of 106 (55%) received boluses of unbalanced crystalloid. This group had greater odds of endothelial glycocalyx degradation (84.5% vs 60.4%; adjusted odds ratio, 3.78; 95% CI, 1.49–9.58; p < 0.01) 6 hours after fluid administration, which correlated with increased angiopoietin-2 (rho = 0.4; p < 0.05) and elevated annexin A5 (p = 0.04). This group also had greater odds of metabolic acidosis associated with elevated syndecan-1 (odds ratio [OR], 4.88; 95% CI, 1.23–28.08) and acute kidney injury (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.12–3.18) associated with endothelial glycocalyx damage. The perfused boundary region returned to baseline 24 hours after receiving the crystalloid boluses.

CONCLUSIONS:
Children with sepsis, particularly those who receive unbalanced crystalloid solutions during resuscitation, show loss and worsening of endothelial glycocalyx. The abnormality peaks at around 6 hours after fluid administration and is associated with greater odds of metabolic acidosis and acute kidney injury.
Residual limb support devices on wheelchairs for people with transtibial amputations: A scoping review and survey of rehabilitation professionals in Nova Scotia
Authors: Parker Kim , MacDonald Siobhan , Henley Shalyn , Rutledge Kallen , McLean Katie , Taylor Kristy , Lee Kirby Ronald 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
To determine what research evidence exists for the use of residual limb supports (RLSs) for people with transtibial amputations and to describe clinicians' use of such supports in Nova Scotia.

Methods:
Scoping review of published and gray literature using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews as a guide and an anonymous online and paper-based clinician survey.

Results:
We identified 22 publications meeting criteria for review. Seventeen (77%) of the publications were practice guidelines or systematic reviews about care of people with lower-limb amputations, 4 (18%) involved research about the design of stump supports, and 1 (5%) researched the use of supports. Generally, the use of RLSs was recommended (e.g., to prevent contractures, control edema, and to provide comfort), but many authors acknowledged that the evidence was weak, and additional evidence in support of these treatment goals could not be found. We received 44 survey responses from health care professionals involved with the care of people with transtibial amputations in Nova Scotia. Of the 43 health care professionals who responded to the question “…what percent of patients/clients with transtibial amputations do you estimate receive stump supports…,” the mean (standard deviation) was 86.1% (21.1). The most common reasons for recommending a stump support were to prevent knee contracture (38 [86.4%]), and to prevent swelling (13 [29.5%]).

Conclusions:
Most clinicians who provide services to people with amputations in Nova Scotia believe that RLSs have benefits such as the prevention of contractures, the reduction of edema, and improved patient comfort. However, there is little high-quality research evidence to support their use. There is a need to perform the necessary research or to modify practice guidelines.