bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estrategia didáctica para el mejoramiento de la comprensión lectora a partir de la mediación que hace el docente como factor pedagógico atribuible en las instituciones educativas rurales
Authors: Pérez Theran Alexander , Cola López Echaniz Eduardo 
Published: January 2023

En este estudio se presentan los resultados relacionados con el proceso investigativo llevado con el propósito esencial de proponer una estrategia didáctica para el mejoramiento de la comprensión lectora a partir de la mediación que hace el docente como factor pedagógico atribuible en las instituciones educativas rurales de Pueblo Nuevo, departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Se parte en la investigación con un diagnóstico para conocer las competencias de comprensión lectora en los de todos los niveles de básica primaria y secundaria, a través de un pretest, que permitió identificar la situación específica del contexto formativo de los educandos. Se asume como método la reducción fenomenológica, con un enfoque investigativo etnográfico, lo que conduce a un tipo de estudio mixto, con un enfoque mixto; los instrumentos empleados fueron; un Grupo focal, Test de Comprensión de Lectura (pre y post) con el propósito de establecer la habilidad actual de comprensión lectora y las variaciones con implementación de nuevas estrategias y expresada en subdestrezas específicas. La población la conformaron 4.133 estudiantes de 13 IE’s y la muestra significativa, también 246 docentes, constituyeron unidades muestrales.
Las conclusiones consideraron la elaboración de una estrategia didáctica para el mejoramiento de la comprensión lectora a partir de la mediación que hace el docente como factor pedagógico atribuible, la información obtenida, además de la propuesta, diseñada, hacen parte de los propósitos tanto general como específicos que se abordaron. La hipótesis de investigación “El diseño de una estrategia didáctica si permite el mejoramiento de la comprensión lectora a partir de la mediación que hace el docente como factor pedagógico”. Se demostró acertada, ya que la implementación de la propuesta y los cambios que se detallan en los resultados y análisis, dejan ratificada las mejoras obtenidas mediante la estrategia educativa implementada.
Palabras Claves: Comprensión Lectora, Mediación Docente, Lenguaje, estrategia Didáctica, Educación rural.
Utilización de un software educativo para mediar dificultades lecto-escritoras en las fases logográfica y alfabética
Authors: Mogollón Guzmán Clito Selff 
Published: January 2023

Para la mediación de las dificultades de lectoescritura que se suelen presentarse en las fases iniciales logrográfica y alfabética, además de emplear métodos tradicionales de enseñanza, se requieren también del uso de innovadoras estrategias pedagógicas y didácticas, para poder lograr óptimos resultados en los estudiantes, por esta razón se propone esta propuesta investigativa, que pretende incorporar a las Tecnologías de Información y comunicación (TIC), específicamente a través del uso apropiado de un software educativo multimedial, para que este sirva como apoyo al educador en su acción pedagógica, propiciando así el desarrollo de las competencias cognitivas, lingüísticas y práxicas de los estudiantes en esta etapa de la vida y por ende en el resto de su proceso formativo, esenciales para un mejor desempeño en su entorno y en la sociedad contemporánea.
Este artículo iniciará con la contextualización y análisis de la problemática a investigar, en segunda instancia se abordará el cimiento teórico y conceptual que soporte científicamente la temática asociada y por último se procede a determinar y justificar los aspectos metodológicos con el cual se afrontará el proyecto investigativo, para lo cual se tendrá en cuenta el nivel de profundización, los propósitos planteados, el objeto de estudio y la fundamentación epistemológica del diseño de la investigación.
Ghosting the past: exploring Mark Antony’s ghost as an allegory on history in Jodelle’s Cléopâtre captive
Authors: Larn Anastasia Ladefoged 
Published: January 2023

This paper explores how Antony as a ghost in Act I of Étienne Jodelle’s Cléopâtre captive (1553) engages spectators in a reflection on history. By drawing on Walter Benjamin’s discussion of the ghost figure in the German mourning play, the paper reinterprets Antony’s ghost as a borderline figure both caught up in the dramatic action and a figure apt to reflect on the nature of history. This is done by firstly re-examining Jodelle’s creative merging of the protatic ghost found in Seneca’s Thyestes and Agamemnon and the ghostly dream vision from Pseudo-Seneca’s Octavia, and secondly by paying attention to Antony’s treatment of concepts such as God-given order and vicissitude.
« My Ghost can bear no more; but comes to Rage »: spectres de Shakespeare sur les scènes de la Restauration anglaise
Authors: March Florence 
Published: January 2023

En février 1700, alors que la dernière réplique de Measure for Measure vient d’être prononcée, le fantôme de Shakespeare fait irruption sur scène, écumant de rage, pour apostropher dramaturge, comédiens et public lors d’un épilogue vigoureux. La pièce, dont la représentation provoque l’ire de Shakespeare, est une adaptation de Charles Gildon : Measure for Measure ; or Beauty The Best Advocate. L’on s’attachera à analyser les processus et les effets de la dynamique de spectralisation à l’œuvre dans cet épilogue nécromantique. Écrit à la toute fin de la période de la Restauration, le paratexte revient sur quarante années de théâtre restauré après le traumatisme de l’Interrègne puritain. Le spectre de Shakespeare convoque à son tour d’autres spectres, faisant de l’épilogue à la fois une fabrique mémorielle, une zone de négociation entre le médium théâtral, son histoire et sa mémoire, et un espace critique à tous les sens du terme, puisqu’il se définit comme une mise en crise et que s’y ébauche un discours sur les esthétiques dramatiques et scéniques. Enfin, il s’agira de voir dans quelle mesure, en cristallisant la dialectique de l’imitation et de la distanciation, la spectralisation de Shakespeare pose les premiers jalons de la construction du mythe shakespearien qui se développe au xviiie siècle pour devenir bardolâtrie au xixe siècle.
Laboratoire des spectres dans le théâtre musical de l’orbe germanique (1754–1781)
Authors: Grosperrin Jean-Philippe 
Published: January 2023

La recherche d’une terribilità renouvelée dans le théâtre musical européen au cours de la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle – qui culminera avec les grandes tragédies lyriques de Gluck – peut s’observer plus tôt dans l’opera seria et surtout dans les genres récents du ballet-pantomime et du mélodrame. Le phénomène comprend notamment la représentation (ou présentification) de fantômes, suivant deux orientations, traditionnelles d’ailleurs : pathos de l’apostrophe rhétorique (avec processus hallucinatoire le cas échéant) ou apparition sur scène (le spectre étant incarné par un acteur). On se propose d’examiner ces modes de représentation et leur économie théâtrale à partir d’un corpus qui procède en majeure partie d’adaptations des tragédies de Voltaire Sémiramis et Oreste, lesquelles intégraient à leur dramaturgie l’ombre du roi-père. On s’interrogera en particulier sur l’extension du domaine du spectre de Ninus et sur le rapport structurant entre représentation des spectres et modernité des formes du théâtre musical.
Adapting the Healthy Work Environment Assessment Tool for French-Canadian Intensive Care Nurses
Authors: Vincelette Christian , Rochefort Christian M. 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundSelf-administered instruments are used to measure components of work environments that cannot be measured directly. The Healthy Work Environment Assessment Tool (HWEAT) of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses is a promising instrument. However, it is available only in English and Japanese, precluding its use in other populations and cross-national comparisons.ObjectivesTo describe the Canadian French translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the HWEAT (F-HWEAT) and to explore its factor structure and psychometric properties.MethodsCross-cultural adaptation of the HWEAT and collection of evidence of validity via an electronic cross-sectional survey.ResultsA total of 564 intensive care unit nurses participated in the validation study. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the presence of a single overarching factor measured by the F-HWEAT. The Cronbach α for the instrument was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.88-0.91). The mean and median interitem correlations were both 0.32, and item-partial total correlations ranged from 0.33 to 0.64. The overall F-HWEAT score indicated that nurses believed their work environment needed improvements. Moderate positive correlations were found between the overall F-HWEAT score and nurses’ perceptions of care quality (r = 0.45 [95% CI, 0.38-0.51]) and safety (r = 0.48 [95% CI, 0.40-0.55]).ConclusionThe results support the use of the F-HWEAT in French-speaking populations. Using the F-HWEAT will help elucidate areas needing improvement and expand global dialogues about healthy critical care work environments. With this information, nurse leaders and researchers can develop and implement modern strategies to improve the work conditions of intensive care unit nurses.
Comparative Analysis of the Properties of Active and Precursor Properdin
Authors: Götze O. , Medicus R. , Müller-Eberhard H. J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Properdin purified by dissociation from serum-treated zymosan (P̄) was compared with precursor properdin (P) purified by a method using column chromatography in Tris and phosphate buffer of pH &gt; 7 in combination with the removal of small amounts of contaminants by immune adsorption. Both preparations were essentially homogeneous by immunochemical criteria and by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Preparations of precursor P and zymosan-purified properdin (P̄) contained variable amounts of activated properdin as evidenced by their capacity to form a fluid-phase C3 convertase when incuabted with normal human serum (NHS) or NHS depleted of C4 and properdin (HHSs̄C4,P). Incubation with physiologic amounts of P̄ or P (20 µg/ml serum) resulted in 7 to 48% and 14 to 22% C3 consumption, respectively. In the presence of zymosan (10 mg/ml NHSs̄C4,P), properdin activities increased up to more than 20-fold, both P̄ and P now having virtually indentical specific activities.
Characterization of Lymphocyte-Activating Factor (LAF) Produced by the Macrophage Cell Line, P388D1
Authors: Mizel Steven B. , Oppenheim Joost J. , Rosenstreich David L. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the absence of exogeneous stimulation, the murine macrophage cell line, P388D1, produced low but significant amounts of lymphocyte activating factor (LAF). When P388D1 cells were incubated with PHA-activated DBA/2 mouse or Hartley guinea pig T cells, LAF production was greatly enhanced. LAF activity was not detected in cultures of only PHA-activated T cells, or in cultures of T cells incubated with P388 cells, the parent nonmacrophage lymphoma from which the P388D1 cell line was obtained. P3888D1-derived LAF was also shown to be biologically distinct from the guinea pig lymphocyte mitogenic factor that, unlike LAF, is produced by PHA-activated T cells. These results, therefore, suggest that P388D1 cells are the cell source for most, if not all, the LAF produced in mixed cultures of P388D1 cells and T cells.
The stimulatory effect of activated T cells on LAF production was dependent on cell contact, since LAF production was not enhanced when P388D1 cells and T cells were separated by a semipermeable Nuclepore membrane in a Marbrook culture vessel. T cells did not have to proliferate in order to stimulate P388D1-LAF production, but T cell viability was essential. In addition, the level of LAF activity was dependent on at least three culture variables: the time of incubation of P388D1 cells and T lymphocytes, the ratio of P388D1 cells to T lymphocytes, and the fetal calf serum concentration.
Based on the results of these studies, it appears that P388D1 cells are an excellent source of LAF for both biologic and biochemical studies.
Thymopoietin Enhances the Allogeneic Response and Cyclic GMP Levels of Mouse Peripheral, Thymus-Derived Lymphocytes
Authors: Sunshine Geoffrey H. , Basch Ross S. , Coffey Ronald G. , Cohen Kenneth W. , Goldstein Gideon , Hadden John W. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The action of the purified thymic factor, thymopoietin, on populations of post-thymic lymphocytes has been studied. Thymopoietin, at concentrations as low as 1.5 ng/ml, uniquely enhanced the proliferative response of peripheral T cells from lymph node and spleen to allogeneic stimulation. Enhancement of the allogeneic response (MLR) was not produced by several polypeptide hormones, including insulin, ACTH, HCG, or Ubiquitin. Treatment of spleen cells with anti-Thy-1 antiserum almost completely abolished the MLR. Thymopoietin's stimulatory effects could not reverse this. Thymopoietin treatment of Thy-1+-enriched spleen cell populations enhanced the MLR even when thymopoietin was removed as early as 2 min after incubation with responding cells. The interaction of thymopoietin with peripheral Thy-1+ cell populations produced a rapid and transient rise in cyclic GMP levels and slightly decreased cyclic AMP levels. These results suggest that thymopoietin interacts with one or more Thy-1+ subpopulations and that this interaction involves early changes in cyclic nucleotide metabolism.
Altered Immune Responsiveness Associated with Experimental Syphilis in the Rabbit: Elevated IgM and Depressed IgG Responses to Sheep Erythrocytes
Authors: Baughn Robert E. , Musher Daniel M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Generalized suppression of immunoglobulin G (IgG) synthesis detectable by depressed responses to heterologous antigens may be a mechanism by which certain parasites evade host defenses and establish chronic infections. To determine if such a mechanism occurs in syphilis, rabbits were infected with Treponema pallidum, and at weekly intervals thereafter these rabbits and uninfected controls were sensitized with SRBC. Seven days later the number of antibody-forming cells present in the spleen was determined by the Jerne plaque technique. After a transient suppression in the 1st week, IgM-PFC were elevated from up to 7 weeks after infection. The IgG response to SRBC was depressed early in infection and continued to decline to less than one-tenth of control levels over the next few weeks, persisting throughout overt infection and returning to normal by the end of 2 months. IgG-PFC, and 2-ME-resistant hemagglutinins and hemolysins were also significantly depressed in infected rabbits after two immunizing doses of SRBC. These results suggest that the depressed IgG response caused by syphilitic infection may enable treponemes to evade host immunity by interfering with immunoregulatory mechanisms.
Demonstration of a Surface Antigen on Epstein-Barr Virus Genome-Carrying Lymphoid Cells: Distinction from the Virus-Determined Membrane Antigen
Authors: Sakamoto Kiyoshi , Hinuma Yorio 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A surface antigen (SA) was detected on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-carrying lymphoid cell lines by indirect membrane immunofluorescence with an antiserum from a rabbit immunized with Raji cells; the antiserum had been extensively absorbed with normal human blood and tonsil cells. The SA was not detected on normal human umbilical cord and adult peripheral blood lymphocytes or EBV-negative cell lines. Incidences of the SA and EBV-determined membrane antigen (MA) on certain EBV-carrying cell lines were not compatible. Antibody against SA was differentially absorbed by the SA-positive MA-negative cell lines whereas MA antibody was absorbed by MA-positive SA-negative cell lines. The results of cross-absorption tests of antiserum against Raji cells or P3HR-1 cells suggested that SA may contain more than one antigenic determinant.
The C5 Chemotactic Fragment Isolated from Activated Human Serum
Authors: Beebe D. , Goralnick S. , Gerard C. , Ozols J. , Ward P. A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A chemotactic factor for rabbit and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes antigenically related to C5 has been isolated from human serum activated by zymosan in the presence of ε-amino caproic acid (EACA). Antiserum to the purified chemotactic factor as well as antiserum to human C5, inhibitis the chemotactic activity in human serum activated by zymosan, aggregated IgG, immune complexes, or bacterial lipopolysaccharide. The chemotactic activity of bacterial (E. coli) factor is not inhibited by either antiserum. The C5 chemotactic factor is purified by a combination of gel filtration and ion exchange gel chromatography. Analysis for anaphylatoxin activity in fractions from each step of the procedure indicates that the muscle-contracting activity is separated from the bulk of the chemotactic activity in the anion exchange step. The purified chemotactic factor migrates as an α globulin as assessed by elution activity in agarose.
Antibody-independent Complement-Mediated Killing of a Subpopulation of Thy-1-bearing Rat Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Budzko Delia B. , Kierszenbaum F. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Normal guinea pig serum (GPS) kills subpopulations of rat thymus and bone marrow cells. The nonspecific cytotoxic reaction can be abrogated by heating the serum at 56°C or by adding either 0.01M EDTA or cobra venom factor and is, therefore, complement (C) dependent. C activity was found to be provided via the alternative pathway since serum from C4-deficient guinea pigs was also effective, and heating at 50°C for 20 min to destroy the activity of factor B inhibited its cytotoxicity. Furthermore the reaction was Mg++ but not Ca++ dependent.
Absorption with rat thymocytes in the presence of 0.01M EDTA failed to affect the cytotoxicity of GPS tested after restoration of Mg++. Similar absorptions performed in the presence of Mg++ did remove the cytotoxic activity. Gammaglobulins isolated from GPS lacked cytotoxicity when tested in the presence of normal rat serum as a source of C. These results are consistent with an antibody-independent mechanism.
Physical Characterization of the Effect of Heat on Factor B Of the Properdin System
Authors: Chapitis Jane , Lepow Irwin H. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purified factor B heated at 50°C for 30 min (ΔB) at physiological concentration (200–400 µg/ml) or higher sedimented as at least 4–5 species in linear sucrose density gradients. The lightest species of ΔB possessed slightly lower sedimentation rate, 5.3S, than native B, 5.8S. Consecutive heavier species differed by ∼ 2.6S. Serum fortified with radiolabeled 131I-B was heated; 131I-ΔB distributed broadely in the gradient. In analytical polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis (PAGE), ΔB migrated as multiple bands with the same or slower mobility compared with B, indicative of a polymerization phenomenon. Prior to PAGE, samples of ΔB were treated overnight at room temperature with 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) with or without 8 M urea (Ur). This reduced the intensity of the slow bands and, concomitantly, increased the quantity of the fastest band. Upon additional treatment with 1% beta-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), ΔB migrated as a single band with the same mobility as B.
Reconstitution of C1 in Native Proenzyme Form and Analysis of the C1 Activation Process
Authors: Cooper N. R. , Ziccardi R. J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
C1 may be reconstituted in macromolecular proenzymatic form by incubation of highly purified C1q, C1r and 125I-C1s together in the presence of calcium. Formation of C1 occurs very rapidly and is essentially complete after 5 min at 0°C. C1 reformed in this manner contains an equimolar ratio of C1 subcomponents and sediments in sucrose density gradients with the 16 S rate characteristic of C1 in serum. Reconstituted C1 is fully activatable as shown by cleavage of the 87,000 dalton polypeptide chain of C1s into disulfide linked subunits of 59,000 and 28,000 daltons, respectively, after incubation with C1 activators. The percentage of C1s conversion and thus the extent of C1 activation may be quantitated. As reformed activatable proenzyme is relatively stable at 0° or frozen, it may be used to quantitatively assess the C1 activating properties of various substances as well as to analyze the C1 activation process.
Description of an Acidic Fragment (C3e) of Human C3 Having Leukocytosis-Producing Activity
Authors: Ghebrehiwet B. , Müller-Eberhard H. J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A low m.w. fragment capable of mobilizing leukocytes from bone marrow is generated in serum upon activation of complement. This fragment has been reported to be derived from C3 (Rother, K., Eur. J. Immunol. 2, 550, 1972).
We have isolated a fragment (C3e) of human C3 that has a m.w. of about 10,000 daltons and consists of 101 amino acid residues, according to computer analysis of amino acid composition data. C3e was generated in two ways: by incubation of isolated C3 with 2% (w/w) trypsin for 120 min at 37°C, or by aging serum at 37°C for 5 days. C3e preparations obtained by the two methods were virtually indistinguishable with respect to molecular size, amino acid composition and antigenicity. The electrophoretic mobility of C3e at pH 8.6 is greater than that of albumin. Anti-C3e reacts with C3e, C3, C3b and C3c, but not with C3a or C3d.
Interactions Between Complement Proteins and Cell Membranes: The Chemical Nature of the Bond Formed Between C3b and Cell Surface Macromolecules
Authors: Law S. K. , Levine R. Paul 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
C3, when activated via either the classical or alternative pathways to C3b, binds to membrane surfaces and particulate objects like zymosan. The interaction between C3b and such surfaces is apparently covalent in nature, for it cannot be disrupted under extreme denaturing conditions including heating at 90°C in a solution containing 2% SDS, 10 M urea, and 2% mercaptoethanol for 15 minutes. However, nucleophilic agents such as 1 M hydroxylamine at pH 9 are able to release C3b from its “receptors”, suggesting that C3b might bind via an ester bond. [Law and Levine, PNAS 74:2701 (1977)] Cleavage of ester bonds with hydroxylamine will yield hydroxamate derivatives, and if indeed C3b binds to its receptive surfaces via an ester bond, there is a 50% chance that a hydroxamate group will be found on C3b after its release from zymosan with hydroxylamine.
Interactions Between Complement Proteins and Cell Membranes: Resealability As Evidence that the Functional Complement and Osmotic Membrane Lesions Are Distinct
Authors: Li C. K. N. , Levine R. Paul 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Cytolyis induced by the activated complement sequence and lysis of cells in hypotonic solution have many common characteristics. The demonstration of whether or not the functional complement lesion is identical to the membrane lesion produced in hypotonic lysis would seem a basic step in elucidating the mechanism of complement action. We evaluated the equivalence of the two membrane lesions by asking whether complement-impaired and hypotonically-damaged membranes reseal (i.e., regain selective solute permeability) under the same conditions. Osmotically lysed ghosts were prepared by suspending sheep erythrocytes in hypotonic sodium phosphate. Complement-lysed ghosts were prepared either by treating sensitized ghosts with human serum or by treating sensitized erythrocytes with serum and collecting the lysed cells. Resealing was induced by incubating ghosts in phosphate-buffered sodium chloride for 45 min at 37°C. By virtue of their ability to retain solutes and, hence, intracellular water, resealed ghosts possess buoyancy when centrifuged.