bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of family planning services and associated factors among reproductive age women attending family planning unit at public health facilities in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Abera Legesse , Ejigu Ezira , Hailu Mickiale , Tadesse Daniel , Omer Abdu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Improving the quality of care has been a necessary goal for family planning programs worldwide. Even though extensive work has been done, the contraceptive prevalence rate is still low (41% in Ethiopia, 30.5% in Dire Dawa) and the unmet need for contraception is high (26%) in Ethiopia. Moreover, quality of care in family planning services has an important role in increasing coverage of services and program sustainability. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess quality of family planning services and associated factors among reproductive age women attending family planning unit in public health facilities in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia.

Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among reproductive-age women attending a family planning unit in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia, from September 1–30/2021. A total of 576 clients were selected by systematic random sampling and interviewed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. SPSS version 24 was used to analyze the data, which included descriptive statistics, bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. To determine the presence of an association between dependent and independent variables, AOR, P-value 0.05, and 95% CI were used.

Results
A total of 576 clients participated in the study and provided a response rate of 99%. The overall satisfaction of clients with FP services was 79%[95% CI:75.2%, 82.9%]. Having primary education (AOR = 2.11, 95% CI(1.11–4.24), convenient facility opening hours (AOR = 3.13, 95% CI (2.12–5.75), maintaining privacy (AOR = 4.1, 95% CI(2.50–8.12), demonstrating how to use F/P method (AOR = 1.98, 95% CI (1.01–5.20), and discussing F/P issues with husbands (AOR = 5.05, 95% CI: 3.33–7.64) were positively significantly associated with client satisfaction.

Conclusion and recommendation
This study revealed that about four-fifth of the clients was satisfied with the service they received. Clients’ education, facility opening hour, maintained privacy, discussion with husband, and demonstration of how to use the methods were associated with client satisfaction. Therefore, health facility heads should improve facility opening hour. Health care providers should maintain client privacy every time, and should consistently utilize information, education, and communication materials during consultation sessions by giving more attention to client who has no education. Partner’s discussion on family planning issues should also be encouraged.
On-Site Nurse-Led Cancer Genetics Program Increases Cancer Genetic Testing Completion in Black Veterans
Authors: Shevach Jeffrey W. , Aiello Lisa B. , Lynch Julie A. , Petersen Jeffrey , Hoffman-Hogg Lori , Hartzfeld Deborah , Lundquist Margaret , Kelley Michael J. , Scheuner Maren T. , Montgomery Robert , Damjanov Nevena , Robinson Kyle , Wong Yu-Ning , Jhala Darshana , Parikh Ravi B. , Maxwell Kara N. 
Published: May 2023

PURPOSE Telegenetics services can expand access to guideline-recommended cancer genetic testing. However, access is often not distributed equitably to all races and ethnicities. We evaluated the impact of an on-site nurse-led cancer genetics service in a diverse Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) oncology clinic on likelihood of germline testing (GT) completion. METHODS We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study of patients who were referred for cancer genetics services at the Philadelphia VAMC between October 1, 2020, and February 28, 2022. We evaluated the association between genetics service (on-site v telegenetics) and likelihood of GT completion in a subcohort of new consults, excluding patients with prior consults and those referred for known history of germline mutations. RESULTS A total of 238 Veterans, including 108 (45%) seen on site, were identified for cancer genetics services during the study period, with the majority referred for a personal (65%) or family (26%) history of cancer. In the subcohort of new consults, 121 Veterans (54% self-identified race/ethnicity [SIRE]-Black), including 60 (50%) seen on site, were included in the analysis of germline genetic testing completion. In a univariate analysis, patients who were seen by the on-site genetics service had 3.2-fold higher likelihood of completing GT (relative risk, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.89 to 5.48) compared with the telegenetics service. In multivariable regression analysis, the on-site genetics service was associated with higher likelihood of GT completion, but this association was only statistically significant in SIRE-Black compared with SIRE-White Veterans (adjusted RR, 4.78; 95% CI, 1.53 to 14.96; P < .001; P-interaction of race × genetics service = .016). CONCLUSION An on-site nurse-led cancer genetics service embedded in a VAMC Oncology practice was associated with higher likelihood of germline genetic testing completion than a telegenetics service among self-identified Black Veterans.
Metabolomic Profiles of Nonobese and Obese Women With Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Sormunen-Harju Heidi , Huvinen Emilia , Girchenko Polina V , Kajantie Eero , Villa Pia M , Hämäläinen Esa K , Lahti-Pulkkinen Marius , Laivuori Hannele , Räikkönen Katri , Koivusalo Saila B 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Context
In non-pregnant population, nonobese individuals with obesity-related metabolome have increased risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The risk of these diseases is also increased after gestational diabetes.

Objective
This work aimed to examine whether nonobese (body mass index [BMI] &lt; 30) and obese (BMI ≥ 30) women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and obese non-GDM women differ in metabolomic profiles from nonobese non-GDM controls.

Methods
Levels of 66 metabolic measures were assessed in early (median 13, IQR 12.4-13.7 gestation weeks), and across early, mid (20, 19.3-23.0), and late (28, 27.0-35.0) pregnancy blood samples in 755 pregnant women from the PREDO and RADIEL studies. The independent replication cohort comprised 490 pregnant women.

Results
Nonobese and obese GDM, and obese non-GDM women differed similarly from the controls across early, mid, and late pregnancy in 13 measures, including very low-density lipoprotein-related measures, and fatty acids. In 6 measures, including fatty acid (FA) ratios, glycolysis-related measures, valine, and 3-hydroxybutyrate, the differences between obese GDM women and controls were more pronounced than the differences between nonobese GDM or obese non-GDM women and controls. In 16 measures, including HDL-related measures, FA ratios, amino acids, and inflammation, differences between obese GDM or obese non-GDM women and controls were more pronounced than the differences between nonobese GDM women and controls. Most differences were evident in early pregnancy, and in the replication cohort were more often in the same direction than would be expected by chance alone.

Conclusion
Differences between nonobese and obese GDM, or obese non-GDM women and controls in metabolomic profiles may allow detection of high-risk women for timely targeted preventive interventions.
Racialized Health Inequities: Quantifying Socioeconomic and Stress Pathways Using Moderated Mediation
Authors: Brown Tyson H. , Hargrove Taylor W. , Homan Patricia , Adkins Daniel E. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Racism drives population health inequities by shaping the unequal distribution of key social determinants of health, such as socioeconomic resources and exposure to stressors. Research on interrelationships among race, socioeconomic resources, stressors, and health has proceeded along two lines that have largely remained separate: one examining differential effects of socioeconomic resources and stressors on health across racialized groups (moderation processes), and the other examining the role of socioeconomic resources and stressors in contributing to racial inequities in health (mediation processes). We conceptually and analytically integrate these areas using race theory and a novel moderated mediation approach to path analysis to formally quantify the extent to which an array of socioeconomic resources and stressors—collectively and individually—mediate racialized health inequities among a sample of older adults from the Health and Retirement Study. Our results yield theoretical contributions by showing how the socioeconomic status–health gradient and stress processes are racialized (24% of associations examined varied by race), substantive contributions by quantifying the extent of moderated mediation of racial inequities (approximately 70%) and the relative importance of various social factors, and methodological contributions by showing how commonly used simple mediation approaches that ignore racialized moderation processes overestimate—by between 5% and 30%—the collective roles of socioeconomic status and stressors in accounting for racial inequities in health.
Transmandibular Cervical Corpectomy for Persistent Spinal Cord Compression in a Patient With Klippel-Feil Syndrome: A Technical Note and Systematic Review
Authors: Nie James W. , Sadeh Morteza , Almadidy Zayed , Callahan Nicholas , Neckrysh Sergey 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:
Few studies have described a transmandibular approach for decompression in a patient with Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) for cervical myelopathy.

OBJECTIVE:
To describe the transmandibular approach in a KFS patient with cervical myelopathy and to perform a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.

METHODS:
A systematic review was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Embase and PubMed databases were searched from January 2002 to November 2022 for articles examining patients with KFS undergoing cervical decompression and/or fusion for cervical myelopathy and/or radiculopathy were included. Articles describing compression due to nonbony causes, lumbar/sacral surgery, nonhuman studies, or symptoms only from basilar invagination/impression were excluded. Data collected were sex, median age, Samartzis type, surgical approach, and postoperative complications.

RESULTS:
A total of 27 studies were included, with 80 total patients. Thirty-three patients were female, and the median age ranged from 9 to 75 years. Forty-nine patients, 16 patients, and 13 patients were classified as Samartzis Types I, II, and III, respectively. Forty-five patients, 21 patients, and 6 patients underwent an anterior, posterior, and combined approach, respectively. Five postoperative complications were reported. One article reported a transmandibular approach for access to the cervical spine.

CONCLUSION:
Patients with KFS are at risk of developing cervical myelopathy. Although KFS manifests heterogeneously and may be treated through a variety of approaches, some manifestations of KFS may preclude traditional approaches for decompression. Surgical exposure through the anterior mandible may prove an option for cervical decompression in patients with KFS.
Coupled protein quality control during nonsense-mediated mRNA decay
Authors: Inglis Alison J. , Guna Alina , Gálvez-Merchán Ángel , Pal Akshaye , Esantsi Theodore K. , Keys Heather R. , Frenkel Evgeni M. , Oania Robert , Weissman Jonathan S. , Voorhees Rebecca M. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Translation of mRNAs containing premature termination codons (PTCs) results in truncated protein products with deleterious effects. Nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) is a surveillance pathway responsible for detecting PTC containing transcripts. Although the molecular mechanisms governing mRNA degradation have been extensively studied, the fate of the nascent protein product remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we use a fluorescent reporter system in mammalian cells to reveal a selective degradation pathway specifically targeting the protein product of an NMD mRNA. We show that this process is post-translational and dependent on the ubiquitin proteasome system. To systematically uncover factors involved in NMD-linked protein quality control, we conducted genome-wide flow cytometry-based screens. Our screens recovered known NMD factors but suggested that protein degradation did not depend on the canonical ribosome-quality control (RQC) pathway. A subsequent arrayed screen demonstrated that protein and mRNA branches of NMD rely on a shared recognition event. Our results establish the existence of a targeted pathway for nascent protein degradation from PTC containing mRNAs, and provide a reference for the field to identify and characterize required factors.
The legal and institutional framework for the protection of religious rights in Nigeria and the right to wear Hijab in public institutions.
Authors: ELIKWU CAESAR    MANUCHIMSO , Olujobi Olusola Joshua , YEBISI EBENEZER   TUNDE 
Published: May 2023

Background: Religion and its exercise are one of the most sensitive discourses in different parts of the world, especially in Nigeria. The constitution and other laws ensure citizens are afforded basic human rights of which religious rights are included and yet regulated. There are questions of interpretation as the extent to which such rights can be enjoyed and the efficacy of both the legal and institutional frameworks protecting religious rights in Nigeria. Methods: This article utilises a doctrinal legal research approach utilising existing literature, statutes, and laws enacted towards the protection of religious rights in Nigeria with the consideration of primary and secondary sources of laws including the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended), judicial precedents, International Conventions, law textbooks, and peer-reviewed journals. A comparative analysis of Nigeria, Tunisia, Algeria, Turkey and Kazakhstan was done to gain perspectives on balancing conflicting interests in light of Nigeria's heterogeneous status. As part of the contribution to knowledge, a hybrid model for mitigating the socio-legal effect of the usage of hijab in Nigeria’s public institutions is presented to further enrich Nigeria’s jurisprudence. Results: Nigeria, being a multi-ethnic and multi-religious state, demonstrates that the government must protect the public interests as it relates to religious rights regardless of faith or religion. The study reveals that the current legal approach without further legislative intervention on religious issues will be inadequate to address the problem. Therefore, this study presents a hybrid model for mitigating the socio-legal effect of the usage of hijab in Nigeria’s public institutions to avoid harm and further enrich Nigeria’s jurisprudence. Conclusions: This study concludes that Nigeria's legal and institutional frameworks are adequate for their purpose although they must be tweaked to conform with current trends when required to be at par with the widely accepted or world standard.
Field study of parasitic contamination of fruits, vegetables and leafy greens in the Ecuadorian Andes
Authors: González-Ramírez Luisa Carolina , Djabayan-Djibeyan Pablo , Prato José G. , García Ríos Cecilia Alejandra , Carrero Julio César , Trelis María , Fuentes Màrius Vicent 
Published: May 2023

Background: Raw vegetables have been considered vehicles of enteroparasites. South American countries are among the most important exporters of fresh vegetables; Ecuador has tropical climates and soils rich in organic matter that allow it to harvest throughout the year for sale to different countries. The aim of the study was to assess the occurrence of the parasitic contamination of fruits, vegetables and leafy greens grown in an agricultural area of the Ecuadorian Andes. Methods: A field study, cross-sectional, snowball sampling was conducted on 1,416 samples (516 fruits, 488 vegetables, and 412 leafy greens). Each sample were washed with water, and the resulting solution after removing the vegetables, was subjected to 24-hour sedimentation. The concentrated sediment underwent microscopic analysis. Results: Parasites were detected in 63.4% of the samples, leafy greens were the most contaminated (76.9%) (P<0.0001), (vegetables 67.8% and fruit 48.4%), of these, cabbage (100%), onions (84%) and strawberries (60.2%) were the most contaminated. Protozoa were more frequent (49.6%) than helminths (15.5%) (P<0.0001). Blastocystis sp. (33.5%) was the highest, followed by Eimeria spp. (26.3%), Entamoeba spp. (10.3%), Giardia spp. (8.3%), Balantidium spp. (6.9%); Cryptosporidium spp. (6.6%), Cyclospora spp. (4.4%), Cystoisospora spp. (0.5%); Strongylida (15.5%) and Ascaris spp. (0.4%). Conclusion: The consumption of fruits, vegetables, and leafy greens from these crops is a possible source of infection to humans and animals in this area or in nonendemic areas where these products are marketed. This study establishes the need for strict hygienic measures in growing; this will be properly achieved by the treatment of the soil, manure and water used for cultivation.
Anion gap(AG) or serum lactate-in search of a better prognostic marker in sepsis a cross-sectional study in a rural tertiary care hospital
Authors: Dubey Apurva , Acharya Sourya , Kumar Sunil , Shukla Samarth , Mahajan Satish , Bawankule Shilpa , Giri Anamika 
Published: May 2023

Background: In intensive care units, sepsis is a common diagnosis. Serum lactate rise has been established as an essential measure for predicting the outcome of sepsis. Higher anion gap(AG) has been associated with an increased risk of death in critically ill individuals. We measured blood lactate levels and AG and looked at how these predicted in-hospital outcomes (death or discharge).This study aimed to estimate anion gap values in sepsis syndrome, to measure the serum lactate levels in sepsis syndrome, to correlate the anion gap and serum lactate values with the outcome (mortality and discharge) in patients with sepsis syndrome.Methods: The Department of Medicine at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College conducted this single-center, prospective, observational cross-sectional study with a cohort design. A total of 160 patients with sepsis were screened in the ICU. Sepsis was diagnosed using SEPSIS-3 criteria.Results: In this study, we included 160 patients with sepsis with sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score >2.Mean serum lactate was 5.1±1.2 mmol/L and it was ≥4 mmol/L in 90% of patients. Mean AG was 14.0±3.9 and it was ≥12 in 75.6% of patients. Similarly, the proportion of patients who had lactate levels ≥4 mmol/L was higher in those with AG ≥12 than AG <12 (95.9% vs. 71.8%, p<0.0001). The AUC of ROC in predicting mortality was significant for both serum lactate (AUC 0.797, p<0.0001) and AG (AUC 0.835, p<0.0001).Conclusions:Along with other parameters predicting mortality, serum lactate and AG also act as important predictors of mortality in sepsis patients. We conclude that on admission serum lactate ≥4 mmol/L and AG ≥12 can be used in predicting short-term mortality in patients with sepsis.
The solution to drug resistance of Gram-negative bacteria – Cefiderocol
Authors: Kołodziej Magdalena , Gorczyca Kamila , Jastrzębska Ilona , Węgorowski Paweł , Wieczorek Michał 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: A major public health problem is the emergence of anti-gram-negative antimicrobial resistance worldwide. Cefiderocol is a new agent targeting Gram-negative bacteria, including strains with resistance to carbapenems.
Aim of the study: Analysis of the efficiency of cefiderocol in the treatment of infections caused by gram-negative bacteria, the drug's mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug.
Material and Methods: Search of the PubMed database using the following keywords: cefiderocol, resistance, gram negative bacteria. Only full-length articles were taken into consideration.
Results: The studies show that cefiderocol is active against Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa, B. cepacia and A. baumannii and effective in the treatment of pneumonia in both non-ventilated and ventilated patients. Moreover, it has been used in the treatment of sepsis as a rescue therapy.
Conclusion: Cefiderocol is an effective treatment for infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. However, more research is needed to learn more about the use of this drug, side effects and resistance mechanisms.
Complications following surgeries for endometriosis: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Bahrami Foruzan , Maheux-Lacroix Sarah , Bougie Olga , Boutin Amélie 
Published: May 2023

Background
Endometriosis is a common gynecological condition with a wide range of symptoms, including infertility, dyspareunia, intestinal disorders, and pelvic pain. Laparoscopy and laparotomy are used widely for diagnosing and managing endometriosis. We will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis with the aims of reporting complications rates following each type of surgeries for endometriosis and determinants of complications.

Method
We will search Medline (via PubMed), Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for both retrospective and prospective cohorts or trials of at least 30 participants reporting perioperative and postoperative complications for endometriosis surgeries. We will restrict the studies to those conducted after 2011, to be representative of current practices, and will exclude studies of surgeries for gynecological cancer, or other concomitant benign gynecologic surgeries such as myomectomy. Two reviewers will independently screen references and select eligible studies. A standardized form will be used to collect data related to the baseline characteristics, potential determinants of complications, types of interventions, and outcomes. Cumulative incidences of complications will be pooled using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects method. The relation between potential determinants and complications will be reported with risk ratios and their 95% of confidence intervals. Subgroup analysis of surgical approach, surgical procedure, superficial and deep infiltrating endometriosis, and the indication of surgery will be conducted. Sensitivity analyses restricted to studies with low risk of bias will be performed.

Discussion
This systematic review will provide information on the rates of complications for different surgical approaches and procedures for the treatment of endometriosis. It will contribute to inform patients when making decisions regarding their care. Identifying potential determinants of complications will also help to improve care by identifying women being at higher risk of complications.

Trial registration
Systematic review registration: CRD42021293865.