bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does market competition affect supplier-induced demand? An experimental study
Authors: Chen Yefeng , Pan Yiwen , Ding Yuli 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThis study investigated the impact of competition on supplier-induced demand in medical markets theoretically and experimentally.MethodsWe employed the framework of credence goods to describe the information asymmetry between physicians and patients, and theoretically derives predictions of physicians' behaviors in monopolistic and competitive markets. Then we conducted behavioral experiments to empirically test the hypotheses.ResultsThe theoretical analysis revealed that an honest equilibrium would not exist in a monopolistic market, whereas price competition could induce physicians to reveal their types of treatment cost and provide honest treatments; thus, a competitive equilibrium is superior to that of a monopolistic market. The experimental results only partially supported the theoretical predictions, which showed that the cure rate of patients in a competitive environment was higher than that in a monopolistic market, although supplier-induced demand occurred more frequently. In the experiment, the main channel through which competition improved market efficiency was increased patient consultations through low pricing, as opposed to the theory, which stated that competition would lead to physicians' honest treatment of patients through fair prices.DiscussionWe discovered that the divergence between the theory and the experiment stemmed from the theory's reliance on the assumption that humans are rational and self-interested, which means that they are not as price-sensitive as predicted by theory.
“Community health workers bring value and deserve to be valued too:” Key considerations in improving CHW career advancement opportunities
Authors: Smithwick Julie , Nance Jenesha , Covington-Kolb Sarah , Rodriguez Ashley , Young Mike 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionCommunity health workers (CHWs) are critical members of the public health workforce, who connect the individuals they serve with resources, advocate for communities facing health and racial inequities, and improve the quality of healthcare. However, there are typically limited professional and career building pathways for CHWs, which contribute to low wages and lack of career advancement, further resulting in turnover, attrition, and workforce instability.MethodsThe Center for Community Health Alignment (CCHA), within the Arnold School of Public Health at the University of South Carolina, utilized a mixed-method data collection strategy to provide a more in-depth understanding of this issue and ways that employers, advocates, and CHWs can address it.ResultsThemes across data sources emphasized the importance of retaining skilled and experienced CHWs and educating other health professions about CHWs' critical roles, and reported that doing so will result in decreased attrition professional growth, and improved program quality. CHWs and allies concluded that higher wages, valuing lived experience over formal education, and participation in additional training opportunities should be the primary factors considered for career advancement.DiscussionUtilizing input from experienced CHWs and CHW allies nationally, this article describes the importance of supporting CHW career advancement, shares best practices, and suggestions for designing strategies that organizations/employers can use to improve CHW career pathways to better support the CHW workforce and reduce attrition.
The impact of the use of personal-protective-equipment on the minimization of effects of exposure to pesticides among farm-workers in India
Authors: Lari Summaiya , Yamagani Praveen , Pandiyan Arun , Vanka Janardhan , Naidu Mohan , Senthil Kumar Balakrishnan , Jee Babban , Jonnalagadda Padmaja R. 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionAlthough excessive use of pesticides and unsafe agricultural practices may contribute to numerous intoxications, the role of PPE (personal-protective-equipment) in the minimization of toxicological effects due to pesticide exposure has not been addressed so far. The present study aimed to assess the impact of the use of PPE on the minimization of effects of exposure to pesticides among farm-workers.MethodsA community-based follow-up study with questionnaire-based survey and field observations was undertaken among farm-workers (n = 180) of Rangareddy district, Telangana, India. Biomarkers of exposure such as cholinesterase activity, inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, cortisol, and hs-C reactive protein), nutrients (vitamins A, E), liver function (total protein and A/G ratio, AST and ALT levels) were investigated in the laboratory by following the standard protocols.ResultsFarm-workers who had a mean farming exposure of 18 years of and who neither followed safe pesticide handling practices nor used PPE and also showed reluctance to obey good agricultural practices (GAPs). Inhibition of AChE (acetylcholine esterase) with increased inflammation was found among farm-workers as compared to their respective normal values when they have not used PPE. Linear regression statistical analysis revealed a profound effect on inhibition in the AChE activity and various inflammatory markers with the increase in the duration of pesticide exposure. Further, there was no effect of the duration of pesticide exposure on the levels of vitamins A, E, ALT, AST, total protein, and A/G ratio. Further, intervention studies carried out on the use of PPE provided (commercially available and cost-effective) for 90 days showed a significant reduction in the biomarker levels (p &lt; 0.01).ConclusionThis study demonstrated the importance of the use of PPE during pesticide applications and other agricultural tasks to minimize pesticide-associated adverse health effects.
Associated factors of burnout among Chinese vaccination staff during COVID-19 epidemic: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Gu Wenwen , Liu Yan , Lu Zhaojun , Wang Jun , Che Xinren , Xu Yuyang , Zhang Xuechao , Wang Jing , Du Jian , Zhang Xiaoping , Chen Junfang 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveDuring the COVID-19 epidemic, vaccination staff had three main aspects of work: routine vaccination for children and adults, COVID-19 vaccination and COVID-19 prevention and control. All these works significantly increased the workload of vaccination staff. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of burnout among vaccination staff in Hangzhou, China.MethodsA total of 501 vaccination staff from 201 community/township healthcare centers in Hangzhou were recruited using a cross-sectional survey through WeChat social platform. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Scale (MBI-GS) was used to assess the level of burnout. Descriptive statistics were made on the characteristics of participants. Univariate analysis using the chi-square test and multivariable analysis using binary logistic regression were conducted to determine the relative predictors of burnout. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression were used to determine the relative predictors of exhaustive emotion, cynicism, and personal accomplishment.ResultsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, 20.8% of the vaccination staff experienced burnout. Educational level above undergraduate education level, medium professional title, and more working time in COVID-19 vaccination work reported a higher degree of job burnout. The vaccination staff was experiencing a high degree of exhaustive emotion, cynicism, and low personal accomplishment. Professional title, working place, and working time for COVID-19 vaccination were associated with exhaustive emotion and cynicism. Professional title and participation time for COVID-19 prevention and control were associated with personal accomplishment.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the prevalence rate of burnout is high among vaccination staff during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially with a low level of personal accomplishment. Psychological intervention for vaccination staff is urgently needed.
Increasing surgical wait time does not increase the risk of node positive prostate cancer: Implications for surgical planning during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond
Authors: Zaliznyak Michael , Horwitz Rainey , Davaro Facundo , Rosen Geoffrey H. , Murray Katie S. , Hamilton Zachary 
Published: March 2023

PurposeProstate cancer (PCa) is a heterogeneous diagnosis, with a significant latency between diagnosis and risk of cancer specific mortality. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the need to balance the risk of COVID-19 exposure and resource allocation resulted in delays in non-emergent surgeries. We sought to assess if delays in surgical wait time (SWT) result in an increased risk of disease progression in the setting of clinically node positive PCa.Materials and methodsThe National Cancer Database was queried for patients with cT1-3N0-1M0 PCa who underwent radical prostatectomy with lymph node dissection from 2010 to 2016. Patients were grouped based on pathologic node status (pN0 versus pN1). Outcomes including clinical tumor characteristics, hospital readmissions, and survival was correlated with length of SWT prior to radical prostatectomy.ResultsA total of 218 patients with pN0 PCa and 805 patients with pN1 PCa met our inclusion criteria and were included in this study. Hospital length of stay and 30-day readmissions were similar between pN0 and pN1 patients. No significant association was detected between increased SWT and pN1 status among our patient population. Sensitivity multivariable analyses including only patients with Gleason 7-10 and excluding those who received androgen deprivation therapy prior to surgery showed similar findings that SWT was not associated with pN1 disease. With short term follow up, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no significant difference in overall survival when stratified by SWT at 30-, 60-, 90-, or &gt;90-day intervals.ConclusionWith the impact of the recent pandemic on healthcare and hospital systems, it is important to understand the effect that likely delays in SWT can have on patient outcomes. The findings described in this study suggest that delays in SWT may not result in adverse nodal disease progression among patients diagnosed with pathological node positive PCa. These results will be important to share with patients and their families when discussing treatment options and can result in improved patient outcomes and satisfaction with treatment regimens.
Modulation of smoking cue reactivity by social context—Implications for exposure therapy in virtual reality
Authors: Winkler Markus H. , Li Yonghui , Pauli Paul , Mühlberger Andreas 
Published: March 2023

Rationale: Social factors are considered important for the initiation and maintenance of drug abuse. Virtual reality (VR) research on cue reactivity and exposure frequently incorporates social stimuli as part of complex drug-intake scenarios. Attempts are rarely made to dissect the impact of the different components and their interactive effects. The present study critically extends this line of research by investigating the modulatory effects of social context on the reactivity evoked by proximal smoking cues.Methods: Thirty-two smokers and 33 never-smokers were presented in VR with proximal cues and neutral stimuli, embedded in a social context or a neutral context. A virtual hand model was used to translate real hand movements into VR. Each trial started with the presentation of the different stimulus–context combinations. Discrete stimuli were presented on the table in front of the participants, and contextual stimuli were presented at the end of the table. Afterward, participants were instructed to grasp the target stimulus (a cigarette vs. a pencil) in front of them. After successful contact, the stimulus appeared in the virtual hand. Modulation of cue reactivity by social context was assessed by self-report, physiological measures, and overt approach behavior.Results: The results revealed modulatory effects of social context on the responses to proximal smoking cues in smokers. In contrast to never-smokers, smoking cues evoked craving in smokers, which was attenuated in a social context. Furthermore, social context increased the latency to approach and contact the cigarette in the group of smokers but did not affect behavioral approach responses in never-smokers. Other data provided indications for interactive, but also main effects of cues and contexts. Interestingly, cue-evoked craving was increased after contact with the virtual cigarette.Conclusion: The present study critically extends previous research by providing evidence for the modulation of cue reactivity by social context. The results are particularly important given the well-established role of drug-associated environmental contexts in the stimulus control of addictive behaviors. Our results emphasize the need to address social context effects on cue reactivity in basic research and treatment and further suggest that changes in the perceived availability of smoking might enhance or inhibit cue-evoked reactivity.
A data-driven framing of player and team performance in U.S. Women's soccer
Authors: Narayanan Sachin , Pifer N. David 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionIn establishing historical benchmarks for success on the pitch and striving to achieve parity off it, the United States Women's National Team (USWNT) and the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) have long served as standard bearers for professional women's soccer around the globe. However, off-field dilemmas and incessant juxtapositions to men's soccer frequently overshadow the elements that make U.S. women's soccer unique; that is, in the quest to expose and rid the women's game of blatant misconduct, discriminatory practices, and negative stereotypes, relatively little attention has been devoted to performance features that separate the U.S. women's soccer product from its competition. Because many of the issues hindering the progress of women's soccer are rooted in media and managerial practices that marginalize or ignore its positive traits, a need exists for analyses that will properly identify its innate characteristics and competitive advantages so that media members, managers, and fans can accurately frame their perceptions of women competing in the sport.MethodsTo this end, we collected reliable samples of public event data from 560 professional soccer matches and used ANOVAs and t-tests to identify the characteristics that distinguish U.S. women's soccer from other professional leagues and teams.Results and DiscussionIn doing so, we showed that the USWNT tends to shoot from more opportune areas and press opponents at a higher rate, and that the NWSL has recently been matched in quality across certain performance metrics by England's FA Women's Super League.
APOC1 predicts a worse prognosis for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and is associated with tumor immune infiltration during tumorigenesis
Authors: Cao Xiying , Wu Bingqun , Guo Shaoming , Zhong Weixiang , Zhu Shenyu , Zhang Zuxiong , Gu Liang , Li Hui 
Published: March 2023

Background: Esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract with insidious onset, is a serious threat to human health. Despite multiple treatment modalities for patients with ESCA, the overall prognosis remains poor. Apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) is involved in tumorigenesis as an inflammation-related molecule, and its role in esophageal cancer is still unknown.Methods: We downloaded documents and clinical data using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. We also conducted bioinformatics studies on the diagnostic value, prognostic value, and correlation between APOC1 and immune infiltrating cells in ESCA through STRING (https://cn.string-db.org/), the TISIDB (http://cis.hku.hk/TISIDB/) website, and various other analysis tools.Results: In patients with ESCA, APOC1 was significantly more highly expressed in tumor tissues than in normal tissues (p &lt; 0.001). APOC1 could diagnose ESCA more accurately and determine the TNM stage and disease classification with high accuracy (area under the curve, AUC≥0.807). The results of the Kaplan–Meier curve analysis showed that APOC1 has prognostic value for esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC) (p = 0.043). Univariate analysis showed that high APOC1 expression in ESCC was significantly associated with worse overall survival (OS) (p = 0.043), and multivariate analysis shows that high APOC1 expression was an independent risk factor for the OS of patients with ESCC (p = 0.030). In addition, the GO (gene ontology)/KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) analysis showed a concentration of gene enrichment in the regulation of T-cell activation, cornification, cytolysis, external side of the plasma membrane, MHC protein complex, MHC class II protein complex, serine-type peptidase activity, serine-type endopeptidase activity, Staphylococcus aureus infection, antigen processing and presentation, and graft-versus-host disease (all p &lt; 0.001). GSEA (gene set enrichment analysis) showed that enrichment pathways such as immunoregulatory-interactions between a lymphoid and non-lymphoid cell (NES = 1.493, p. adj = 0.023, FDR = 0.017) and FCERI-mediated NF-KB activation (NES = 1.437, p. adj = 0.023, FDR = 0.017) were significantly enriched in APOC1-related phenotypes. In addition, APOC1 was significantly associated with tumor immune infiltrating cells and immune chemokines.Conclusion: APOC1 can be used as a prognostic biomarker for esophageal cancer. Furthermore, as a novel prognostic marker for patients with ESCC, it may have potential value for further investigation regarding the diagnosis and treatment of this group of patients.
Educación financiera y sus características en Soacha
Authors: Villamil Escobar Leslie Carolina , Ramirez Gonzalez Yuly Paola 
Published: March 2023

El presente artículo plasma los factores sociales, económicos y culturales que influyen en los habitantes del municipio de Soacha al uso de un sistema financiero formal para la realización de sus transacciones financieras o económicas, o también llamado “bancarización” y los cuales impiden tener una buena educación financiera. El carácter cuantitativo de la investigación en este proyecto permitió aplicar la herramienta de recolección de información; a una muestra de 208 habitantes de la comuna I del municipio Soacha. Esto llevó a los investigadores a demostrar las barreras de la educación financiera y cómo influye en las decisiones económicas de la población, y lo cual afecta indirectamente su crecimiento económico y productivo. Dentro de los principales hallazgos se evidencio que; los hábitos financieros personales se inclinan hacia la financiación a corto plazo; las personas normalmente no tienen ahorros formales a largo plazo. En cambio, tienden a juntar dinero en cadenas o fondos familiares. Igualmente, la mayoría de las personas no tienen mucho dinero ahorrado por más de un año a la vez. Así mismo, las personas de las comunas I tienen una tendencia cultural a no ahorrar dinero de manera formal. Por lo general, pasan su tiempo viviendo su vida cotidiana de la manera que dicta la cultura conocida popularmente, “Al diario”, esto se debe a que los hogares de las personas a menudo se convierten en centros de consumo masivo, con poco o ningún ingreso generado.
RESEARCH ON CHOOSING THE BEST GAS FOR THE FLETTNER BALLOON, AN UNCONVENTIONAL POWER GENERATOR ENERGY DEVICE
Authors: VASILESCU M.-V. , Epikhin Alexey Ivanovich 
Published: March 2023

In the last 30 years, the degree of pollution has been continuously increasing and the chemical structure of the
atmosphere has changed due to large amounts of polluting emissions such as N0X, S0X, C02 and other particles
resulting from combustion, which lead to the destruction of the ozone layer, climate change, greenhouse effect
or acid rain. Because the price of oil is continuously increasing, the atmosphere is degrading due to emissions
of exhaust gases and the general degree o f pollution of the Earth is increasing day by day, various solutions for
the generation of non-conventional energies have begun to arouse the interest of parties involved in maritime
transport. Non-conventional propulsion systems, which use wind energy or solar energy, are currently making
a comeback after being ignored for a long time. By using an unconventional power generator energy devices,
like Flettner Balloon, ship owners can save a great amount of fuel, thus making substantial savings and not
least, reducing pollution, making environmentally friendly ships. In this article you can discover six major
points, which are: 1) Flettner Balloon description, 2) Flettner Balloon components, 3) Determination of the
gas with which to fill the Flettner Balloon, 4) The principle of operation for the Flattner Balloon, 5)
Energy balance, 6) Conclusions.
POLYMODEL DESCRIPTION OF THE SHIP'S ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM
Authors: Boychuk Igor , Grinek A , Kornev A. , Fischenko A. , Slepov O. 
Published: March 2023

The article presents a complex of mathematical models of various classes and types and the results of their
application in the description of the ship's electrical power system. The technique for determining the frequency
characteristics of the propeller shaft system is shown. The ship electric power system is presented in the form
of three levels, which include main engines, generators, control systems, power converters, and an electric
propulsion system. It is shown how transient processes take place in the system when the load is turned on and
external moments change
CLOSED-LOOP MARINE ENGINE OPERATION WITH ZERO EMISSIONS OF HARMFUL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
Authors: Vasilescu M.-V. , Volintiru O. , Epikhin Alexey Ivanovich , Toriya T. 
Published: March 2023

In the modern world, the problem of environmental pollution with various toxic emissions is growing more and
more. Exhaust or exhaust gases of internal combustion engines are one of those man-made factors. All countries
impose restrictions on the concentration of hazardous substances, for example: Euro - for cars, Tier and Stage
- for heavy equipment and MARPOL-73/78, which regulates emissions from maritime transport. The situation
is extremely acute for marine vessels, since engines of impressive power that operate for a long period are
difficult to adapt to stringent environmental requirements. The purpose of the article, based on open sources, is
to evaluate the prospects for the development of internal combustion engines with an exhaust gas recirculation
system to minimize the amount of toxic emissions into the atmosphere. The development of technologies that allow for the recirculation of exhaust gases in ship conditions is quite promising. The installation of such equipment
will significantly reduce emissions into the environment.
Keywords: environment, exhaust gases, toxic emissions, internal combustion engines
Tissue Inhibitor Metalloproteinase-2 and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-7 Kinetics Following Exposure to High-Dose Methotrexate
Authors: Barreto Jason N. , Barreto Erin F. , Mara Kristin C. , Rule Andrew D. , Lieske John C. , Giesen Callen D. , Thompson Carrie A. , Leung Nelson , Witzig Thomas E. , Kashani Kianoush B. 
Published: March 2023

Key Points

Urinary TIMP2×IGFBP7 (uTIMP2×IGFBP7) concentrations experienced a rapid and sustained decline after high-dose methotrexate (MTX) exposure.uTIMP2×IGFBP7 kinetics and concentrations after high-dose MTX exposure demonstrated no utility in predicting AKI.