bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacite D'Une Nouvelle Cephalosporine (Ceftiofur) Associee Ou Non A Un Antiinflammatoire Steroidien (Succinate De Methyl Prednisolone) Dans Un Modele Experimental De Pasteurellose Respiratoire Du Veau A Pasteurella Haemolytica Bio-Serogroupe Al
Authors: Espinasse J. , Bost F. , Madelenat A. , Schelcher F. , Valarcher J. -F. 
Published: March 2023

After randomization, 18 calves were inoculated with a Pha1 isolate as described in an earlier protocol. After the first inoculation 6 calves received Ceftiofur (CEF), 1 mg/kg by intramuscular route (IM) every day for 5 days together with methyl-prednisolone-succinate (MPS) 3 mg/kg IM on two consecutive days, 6 calves received CEF + an MPS placebo, and 6 calves a CEF placebo+ an MPS placebo. Twice a day before the meal all calves were clinically examined to determine a mean disease score (MOS). After their death or sacrifice, 7 days at most after the first inoculation, all calves were autopsied. The lungs were weighed, the extent of the lesions quantified by a score (mean lung score= MLS) based on combined inspection and palpation and a quantitative bacteriological examination carried out on the damaged lung parenchyma. The validity of the model was confirmed by the percentage mortality observed in the control group (83 % versus 17 % in the other groups). A similar trend was apparent in the clinical results (significant difference p ≤ 0,05 between the mean MOS of the control group and that of the other group) in the necropsy results (significant difference p ≤ 0,05 between the control group and the other groups for mean lung weight and MLS)) and in the microbiological results (significant difference p ≤ 0,05 between the mean number of cfu Pha1/g of lung in the control group and other groups). This demonstrate the efficacy of both therapeutic regimens (i.e. CEF and CEF + MPS) in our model. The advantage of the antibiotic + steroidal anti-inflammatory treatment is not clear.
Full article in French, English and German summary in PDF.
Effectiveness of an Inactivated Combined IBR/IPV Vaccine for Sanitization of a BHV 1 Infected Dairy Herd
Authors: Menzel A. , Herbst W. , Danner K. 
Published: March 2023

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, pustular vulvovaginitis caused by the bovid herpesvirus type 1 (BHV 1) is a contagious, febrile disease of cattle which is associated with respiratory disease, fertility disorders, abortions and, rarely, encephalitis (8). The disease occurs worldwide and, as is commonly observed with other herpesviruses, BHV 1 frequently induces latent infections after natural exposure or vaccination with live virus vaccines (8).
In many countries coordinated sanitization programs are therefore being employed. The basics of combatting IBR/IPV viral infections of cattle in Germany are culling or vaccination of seropositive animals with an attenuated and/or inactivated vaccine (7). Herds with a high seroprevalence rate are preferably vaccinated with an attenuated vaccine, whereas by low seroprevalence rates individual animals are either culled or an inactivated vaccine is used (7). Because of the lifelong latent infections after application of live vaccines (3, 5, 8) a long term investigation was geared to the question of whether an inactivated combined IBR/ IPV vaccine could reduce or prevent new infections in a dairy herd with a high seroprevalence rate for BHV 1.
Evaluation of an Experimental Vaccine for Control of Bovine Penumonia Induced by Pasteurella Haemolytica
Authors: Newsham R. , Kaufman T. , Dayalu K. 
Published: March 2023

Among the members of the HAP group (Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, and Pasteurella) are bacteria of considerable importance in veterinary medicine. These, over the years, have caused considerable economic losses in cattle and swine herds. The pathogenic peculiarities in these bacteria require investigators to look beyond killed whole cell vaccines for the induction of the immune response. Compounding all of this is the fact that in many instances a strong immune response is not necessarily synonymous with protection.
P. haemolytica Type A-1, a conditional pathogen and normal inhabitant of the nasal cavity of clinically normal cattle, is the most frequent isolate from acute pneumonic pasteurellosis in cattle. Lesions formed by P. haemolytica are characterized by necrosis, vascular damage, fibrin exudation, numerous viable bacteria and variable leukocyte infiltrations. Virulence factors produced by P. haemolytica include; a) leukotoxin (LKT) , a potent exotoxin which affects ruminant leukocyte populations; b) capsule, which inhibits complement mediated serum killing; c) lipopolysaccharide, which alters neutrophil function and stimulates leukocyte adherence; and d) fimbriae, which enhances adherence of the bacteria to the upper respiratory mucosa. Increasing knowledge of the growth conditions conducive to expression of virulence factors should help in the development of efficacious vaccines.
A vaccine has been developed which contains many of the virulence factors described above. This vaccine has been tested in a single dose regimen in many vaccination/artificial challenge experiments and has proven to be efficacious and safe. Experiments detailed in this manuscript are representative of results obtained for similar tests during the development of this vaccine.
Mesotheliosis in Cattle
Authors: Stöber M. , Stockhofe-Zurwieden N. , Pohlenz J. 
Published: March 2023

Based upon pertinent veterinary literature and 16 own observations, the authors give a survey on definition, supposed cause, occurrence, distribution, macro- and microscopic lesions, clinical signs, differential diagnosis, and assessment of bovine mesotheliosis, a tumourous disease apparently getting more frequent in recent years.
Summary in German and French on PDF.
Simulation Model to Compare Strategies For Reducing the Effect of Cystic Ovarian Disease of Dairy Cattle on Herd Average Open Days
Authors: Scholl Daniel T. 
Published: March 2023

A theoretical approach was taken to compare various ways of reducing the extended calving intervals that may result from cystic ovarian disease of dairy cattle. The question evaluated was which of the three following options would yield the greatest benefit in tenns of reducing the herd's average number of open days: 1) reducing the cumulative incidence of cystic ovarian disease, 2) improving cystic ovary therapy effectiveness, or 3) improving heat detection and conception rate perfonnance in general. A stochastic Markov Chain model was developed on a computerized spread sheet. This simulation model has the following alterable inputs: 1) cumulative incidence of ovarian cysts occurring before the first postpartum ovulation, 2) cumulative incidence of ovarian cysts occurring after the first postpartum ovulation, 3) probability of spontaneous resolution before or after first postpartum ovulation, 4) probability of responding to treatment, 5) probability of recurrence, 6) average days postpartum at first veterinary reproductive examination, 7) days postpartum of first allowable insemination, 8) days between routine veterinary reproductive examinations, 9) herd average services per conception, and 10) heat detection efficiency. The respective inputs were varied to simulate the expected improvement in herd average days open. Improving herd heat detection efficiency and service per conception were more effective at reducing herd average days open that were improvement of any of the cystic ovarian disease parameters.
German and Spanish summaries in PDF.
Use of Milk Progesterone Samples for Complete Herd Oestrous Control
Authors: Watson Chris 
Published: March 2023

The most common cause of poor reproductive performance in the dairy herd is poor heat detection. It is impossible to separate heat detection from conception rate as accurate timing of service is certainly a requirement for the successful use of Artificial insemination. However many workers have shown that heat detection is much more closely related to reproductive performance than is conception rate.1,2
Milk Progesterone Assays have been used for over 20 years to asses the stage of oestrous cycle in cattle.3 The first widespread application was for pregnancy diagnosis due to the fact that the method was by Radioimmunoassay (RIA) which involved centralised testing and a necessary time lag between sampling and results . The development of Enzyme-Immunoassay (EIA or ELISA systems) opened up the practical application of on site or "cow-side" testing and results.
Use of the test for pregnancy diagnosis severely restricted the potential of the test as the accuracy was often poor. Use for the detection of oestrous and timing of insemination has brought many revolutionary changes.5 This paper examines a complete system of applying the test for oestrous detection and insemination in a commercial dairy herd and the implications for routine veterinary fertility visits.
Economic Assessment of Twin births in British Dairy Herds
Authors: Eddy R. G. , Davies O. , David C. 
Published: March 2023

One side-effect of a veterinary practice offering a bureau computerised recording service to its dairy farmers is that a large database of health, fertility, and production is developed in relatively few years. It was the use of such a recording scheme, the DAISY system developed at the University of Reading and operated from a veterinary practice that provided the data for this study. The increasing use of such schemes by practitioners should lead to the creation of large quantities of data which should answer many questions relating to health, fertility, and production.
With the development of a commercial service offering to implant twin embryos into dairy cows it seemed opportune to measure the effect that twinbirths has on production in dairy cows using data from the practice recording scheme.
Diabetes Mellitus in Cattle Infected With Bovine Viral Diarrhea Mucosal Disease Virus
Authors: Tajima M. , Yazawa T. , Hagiwara K. , Takahashi K. 
Published: March 2023

Diabetes in cattle has various etiologies1. In humans, virus-induced insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) has been reported. It has also been reported that cattle infected with foot-and-mouth disease contracted diabetes mellitus2. Craighead and coworkers observed experimental diabetes in mice after inoculation of encephalomyocarditis virus3. Other viruses suspected of inducing diabetes are coxsackie, mumps, rubella and cytomegalo virus4.
Bovine viral diarrhea mucosal disease (BVD-MD) is a frequently fatal infectious disease of cattle. There is no concrete evidence to date that BVD-MD virus induces diabetes. In this report, the clinicopathological characteristics of diabetes mellitus in cattle were described, and the relationship between BVD-MD and diabetes mellitus was discussed.
Factors in Cure of Subclinical S. Aureus After Dry Cow Therapy
Authors: Sol J. , Harink J. , Schukken Y. H. , Snoep J. J. 
Published: March 2023

Drying off cows with antibiotics is carried out to cure subclinical mastitis and to prevent new infections. The cure rate of pathogenic streptococci in the udder is about 90% in the Netherlands. For S. aureus this is much lower (average about 60%). Various factors, which affect this rather low cure rate are already discussed (4,5). In this paper the results are presented of a detailed statistical analysis of the cure rate of 406 S. aureus infected quarters from 283 cows on 73 farms.
French and German summaries on PDF
Getting a Diagnosis in an Abortion Storm
Authors: Vickers Mary Lynne 
Published: March 2023

Determining the cause of abortions presents many problems. This is reflected in the fact that the diagnostic success of laboratories in bovine abortion is only 30-40% (1,2). The reasons for this relatively low diagnostic success are numerous. Abortion results from an event that frequently occurred weeks or months earlier. The cause, therefore, may be undetectable in the fetus at the time of abortion. The fetus is often retained in the uterus hours to days after death, and autolysis obscures lesions that are present. The placenta is often affected first and most consistently but is frequently unavailable for examination (1).
The lack of relevant history, clinical signs and frequent negative necropsy findings force the diagnostician to look for every infectious agent that might be involved. Therefore, the laboratory tests for all the etiological agents frequently associated with abortion. The techniques used will vary somewhat between laboratories but will include what can be tested for within a reasonable amount of time and some degree of accuracy.
Do We Need Postpartum Fertility Exams as Part of a Reproductive Herd Health Program
Authors: Ferry John W. 
Published: March 2023

Bovine practitioners serving dairy clients traditionally demonstrate sincere concern for the financial well-being of their producers. Recognizing poor reproductive performance as a leading cause of financial loss for dairies, most veterinarians offer reproductive herd health services to their clients. These services traditionally incorporate rectal palpation of cows after calving, before breeding, and for pregnancy diagnosis.
Postpartum exams identify cows requiring treatment for metritis. Prebreeding exams screen for cows requiring further treatment prior to breeding, and provide estimates of stage of estrous cycle. Pregnancy diagnoses identify open cows needing to be rebred.
Effective Parasite Control For Cow-Calf Programs
Authors: Corwin Robert M. 
Published: March 2023

Parasite control is necessary for optimal cow-calf performance. By deworming, nematode parasites are reduced in numbers perhaps by 95-99% with use of an effective anthelmintic drug per treated cow or calf. In mother cows, this should maximize reproductive potential, milk production and desirable weight maintenance. Treatment of cows before being moved to a "rested" pasture will reduce contamination and transmission to parasite-naive calves. Treatment of calves at a later time in the grazing period will improve growth performance.
Deworming should be an integral part of the overall herd health program. Too often, parasite control is eliminated from a program or not used. Yet subclinical parasitism has been shown to depress performance when not negated by effective anthelmintics and appropriate timing of their administration. When other factors such as nutrition, weather conditions (temperature, precipitation) and forage are in a steady state, the benefits of an effective anthelmintic are especially evident.
Feedlot Residue Testing
Authors: Sundlof Stephen F. 
Published: March 2023

Food safety has become one of the most visible and emotional issues confronting affluent societies. Of particular concern is the adulteration of the food supply by foreign chemicals. Even though the incidence of drug residues in foods of animal origin remains low, and the human health risks associated with these residues are small compared to other food-related hazards, the public's attention has focused on the residue issue, and it is unlikely that this will change in the near future. Growing consumer health-related concerns over residues appear to be major factors contributing to stagnant beef markets in the U.S. In a national survey conducted by the Food Marketing Institute, an independent organization representing U.S. food marketers, the number 1 concern of consumers pertained to residues in meat. Other health-related issues such as cholesterol and saturated fat content were perceived by the public as less threatening than residues (Food Marketing Institute 1988).
Representing this consumer movement for residue-free foods are well funded and organized consumer advocacy groups. These organizations direct substantial lobbying efforts at national policy makers and play an influential role in establishing food and drug regulations. Adverse public perception surrounding the drug residue issue has affected U.S. markets for red meat both domestically and abroad resulting in embargoes and other non-tariff trade barriers.
From an economic standpoint, the marketing of residue-contaminated animals can result in substantial monitary losses. Such losses result from marketing delays which are triggered by a residue violation. No further marketing of animals can take place until a representative number of animals have been tested for residues and determined to be nonviolative.
Eimeria Alabamensis Infection as a Cause of Diarrhoea in Calves at Pasture
Authors: Svensson E. Catarina , Uggla Arvid , Pehrson Bo G. 
Published: March 2023

Diarrhoea in calves during their first few weeks on pasture is a well-known problem in Sweden and traditionally this has been thought to be due to the change of diet. From previous studies (1) it is known that the diarrhoea is sometimes accompanied by a large increase in the excretion of oocysts of Eimeria species, predominantly of Eimeria alabamensis. The fact that the interval between turning out and the appearance of large numbers of oocysts in the faeces corresponds closely with the prepatent period of E. alabamensis (6-8 days) suggests that oocysts that have overwintered on the pasture are the source of the infection.
The aims of the trial described here were to test this hypothesis and to assess the clinical significance of the coccidial infection.
Effects of Management Improvement on Production and Herd Health in the Largest Intensive Dairy Cattle Operation in Iran
Authors: Razifard R. 
Published: March 2023

There is a great demand for animal source protein, especially milk and its by products in developing countries including Iran.
To partially cover this need, large numbers of registered and non registered Holstein dairy cattle have been imported to Iran mostly from America and Europe during the past two dicades.
Meantime, the lack of knowledge in different aspects of efficient management and disease control, in addition, the sensitivity of the imported pure breed cattle to the existing pathogenic agents have caused noticeable damages to the dairy farms and national income.
To eliminate the major problems and reveal the effects of sound management and disease control on efficiency of the dairy farms under local conditions, the present study was carried out in 13 Intensive Dairy Farms owned by the Mostazafan Foundation and run by its Department of Agriculture and Animal Production. The beneficial results however, could be applied as a guideline to increase the efficiency in dairy farms throughout the country.
Application of a Computerized Herd Management & Production Control Program in Costa Rica
Authors: Dwinger R. H. , Capella E. , Pérez E. , Baayen M. , Müller E. 
Published: March 2023

The development of computerized data recording techniques in recent years has greatly facilitated concise monitoring of herd health and production parameters. Various computer software programs have been described for use in large animal practice1. Whether the program was developed for analyzing reproductive health in dairy herds2 or to estimate the cost of raising dairy replacements3, each aimed at improving farm management and optimizing farm income. A herd health and production management program for dairy farms has been described extensively elsewhere4. The program is supported by a software package called VAMPP (Veterinary Automated Management and Production control Program), which has been adapted for use in microcomputers.
Presently this program is being used widely in the Netherlands and other countries for monitoring dairy cattle and swine farms5. A spanish version of VAMPP, was introduced in 1987 in Costa Rica by the Veterinary School of the Universidad Nacional (UNA) as part of a teaching and research program in herd health and production management.
With an annual per capita gross domestic product of US $ 1424 in 19886, Costa Rica still qualifies as a developing country. However, unlike many other developing countries, Costa Rica can boast a stable democracy, a literacy rate of 93 % in 19895, a good road and communication system and a fairly reliable and extensive electricity supply. This infrastructure in combination with the importance of the livestock sector for both the national requirements and the export industry provide a suitable basis for the introduction of a sophisticated computer program to assist farmers in improving farm management. Optimizing the livestock industry is of paramount importance to Costa Rica since an annual human population growth rate of 2.25 % in 19906 and pressure for agricultural land has resulted in extensive deforestation during the past decades. An effective measure to prevent further deforestation, is to optimize the production of existing livestock units per hectare.
Computerized recording techniques can provide the farmer as well as the extension worker with production figures to monitor the performance of individual cows, while herd averages can be compared with regional index figures or livestock industry production goals. Thus, livestock production and farm income can be assessed and optimized using the existing pasture areas without the need for expansion.
Preliminary Data Comparing Embryo Transfer Efficiency of Simmental Half-Sister Donors
Authors: Zhang T. Q. , Buoen L. C. , Davies M. , Weber A. F. , Ruth G. R. 
Published: March 2023

The effect of the 1/29 centric fusion (CF, Robertsonian translocation) anomaly is quite well known. Swedish researchers1 first reported a 7% reduction in fertility in Swedish Red and White cattle based on non-return rates of cows bred to heterozygous positive (carrier) bulls. A study2 of the reproductive efficiency of beef cattle carrying this cytogenetic anomaly vs. that of normal (noncarrier) beef animals showed that the carrier bulls had a 0.52 greater insemination/pregnancy index. carrier daughters of affected bulls had a calving-to-conception interval that was 18. 5 days longer than that of daughters of normal bulls. Similar results were obtained in a study in Brazil3. Schmutz et al4 studied the chromosomes of 39 seven day-old embryos collected from nine 1/ 29 CF carrier cows and 38 cows with normal karyotypes bred to normal and 1/29 CF carrier bulls. in each case the matings were between a normal and 1/29 CF carrier bulls. The 39 embryos were from 374 fertilized ova obtained from 86 successful collections where all chromosomes of isolated embryo cells could be identified. They found that 8 of the 39 embryos (20.5%) would have died in utero because their cells contained unbalanced karyotypes (unequal, lethal distribution of chromosomes, i.e., monosomies and trisomies), It was concluded that the major loss in reproductive potential of the 1/29 CF carrier cows or bulls appeared to be due to early embryonic death rather than fertilization failure. However, there are no published data regarding the effect of CF translocations on bovine embryo transfer (ET) efficiency.
Since the 14/20 CF was found in the Simmental breed in the US two years ago, our laboratory has received more than 400 blood samples from concerned Simmental cattle breeders. Among these animals one of a pair of half-sister donor cows for ET was diagnosed a 14/20 CF carrier and the other a non-carrier. This paper presents preliminary data comparing embryo transfer efficiency of the two Simmental half-sister donors: Normal vs 14/20 CF carrier.