bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating cycle shifts in women's clothing style and grooming
Authors: Stern Julia , Ostermann Sabine , Penke Lars 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn contrast to some non‐human primate species, human females do not show overt cues to fertility. Previous research argued that women still show systematic changes in their appearance across their ovulatory cycle to enhance their mating success when fertile. We report five studies investigating whether women's clothing style and grooming behaviour change across the ovulatory cycle. All studies were large (with N = 157 in Study 1, N = 109 in Study 2, N = 257 in Studies 3–5), longitudinal studies with four testing sessions per participant. They involved salivary hormone samples and luteinizing hormone tests to validate conception risk estimates. Across all studies, our results suggest no compelling evidence for cycle shifts in clothing style and grooming. Rather, two studies suggest effects in the opposite direction as hypothesized, as women wore more skin‐revealing clothes when non‐fertile. One study suggests small effects of wearing necklaces more and eyeglasses less often when fertile. However, these effects were not robust across all studies. Our results are in line with other recent null replications and suggest that, if existent, cues to fertility might be even more subtle than previously assumed. We discuss the need for testing competing theories that explain the evolution of concealed ovulation.
Alzheimer's disease phenotype based upon the carrier status of the apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele
Authors: Ji Xiao‐Yu , Peng Xin‐Yuan , Tang Hai‐Liang , Pan Hui , Wang Wei‐Tang , Wu Jie , Chen Jian , Wei Nai‐Li 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe apolipoprotein Eɛ4allele (APOE4) is universally acknowledged as the most potent genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD).APOE4promotes the initiation and progression of AD. Although the underlying mechanisms are unclearly understood, differences in lipid‐bound affinity among the three APOE isoforms may constitute the basis. The protein APOE4 isoform has a high affinity with triglycerides and cholesterol. A distinction in lipid metabolism extensively impacts neurons, microglia, and astrocytes.APOE4carriers exhibit phenotypic differences from non‐carriers in clinical examinations and respond differently to multiple treatments. Therefore, we hypothesized that phenotypic classification of AD patients according to the status of APOE4 carrier will help specify research and promote its use in diagnosing and treating AD. Recent reviews have mainly evaluated the differences betweenAPOE4allele carriers and non‐carriers from gene to protein structures, clinical features, neuroimaging, pathology, the neural network, and the response to various treatments, and have provided the feasibility of phenotypic group classification based onAPOE4carrier status. This review will facilitate the application ofAPOEphenomics concept in clinical practice and promote further medical research on AD.
Is there a massive glacial–Holocene flora continuity in Central Europe?
Authors: Molnár Ábel Péter , Demeter László , Biró Marianna , Chytrý Milan , Bartha Sándor , Gantuya Batdelger , Molnár Zsolt 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTThe prevailing paradigm about the Quaternary ecological and evolutionary history of Central European ecosystems is that they were repeatedly impoverished by regional extinctions of most species during the glacial periods, followed by massive recolonizations from southern and eastern refugia during interglacial periods. Recent literature partially contradicts this view and provides evidence to re‐evaluate this Postglacial Recolonization Hypothesis and develop an alternative one. We examined the long‐term history of the flora of the Carpathian (Pannonian) Basin by synthesising recent advances in ecological, phylogeographical, palaeoecological and palaeoclimatological research, and analysing the cold tolerance of the native flora of a test area (Hungary, the central part of the Carpathian Basin). We found that (1) many species have likely occurred there continuously since before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM); (2) most of the present‐day native flora (1404 species, about 80%) can occur in climates as cold as or colder than the LGM (mean annual temperature ≤+3.5°C); and (3) grasslands and forests can be species‐rich under an LGM‐like cold climate. These arguments support an alternative hypothesis, which we call the Flora Continuity Hypothesis. It states that long‐term continuity of much of the flora in the Carpathian Basin is more plausible than regional extinctions during the LGM followed by massive postglacial recolonizations. The long‐term continuity of the region's flora may have fundamental implications not only for understanding local biogeography and ecology (e.g. the temporal scale of processes), but also for conservation strategies focusing on protecting ancient species‐rich ecosystems and local gene pools.
Real‐world outcomes of low‐dose atropine therapy on myopia progression in an Australian cohort during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Usmani Eiman , Callisto Stephanie , Chan Weng Onn , Taranath Deepa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo report the outcomes of low‐dose atropine (0.01% and 0.05%) for preventing myopia progression in a real‐world Australian cohort during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsRecords of children presenting with myopia, from January 2016 to 2022, were retrospectively reviewed at a comprehensive ophthalmic practice. Children who discontinued treatment, ages >18, and cases with hereditary conditions were excluded. The rate of progression of myopia after treatment with atropine was compared with historical data to evaluate the effectiveness of the regime.ResultsOne hundred and one children (mean baseline spherical equivalent [SphE] [−3.70 +/− 2.09 D] and axial length [AL] [24.59 +/− 1.00 mm]) were analysed. The mean age of the children was 10.4 +/− 2.89 years and 61% were females. The average follow‐up time was 17.9 +/− 12.5 months. The mean rate of progression of AL and SphE on 0.01% atropine eyedrops was 0.219 +/− 0.35 mm and − 0.250 +/− 0.86 D/year, respectively. 68.1% of the children treated with 0.01% atropine were mild progressors (<0.5 D change/year). Non‐responders when commenced on a higher dose of atropine (0.05%) experienced a 93% (p = 0.012) and 30% reduction in SphE and AL growth rate, respectively. Family history, higher myopia or younger age at baseline and shorter duration of treatment were associated with steeper progression (p < 0.01). Both doses were well tolerated.ConclusionsLow‐dose atropine was shown to be beneficial in a real‐world clinical setting, despite interruptions to follow‐ups secondary to COVID‐19 pandemic. A 0.05% dose of atropine may be effective in cases where 0.01% was ineffective.
Comparison of clinical efficacy and safety of weekly glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists dulaglutide and semaglutide in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: Randomized, parallel‐group, multicentre, open‐label trial (COMING study)
Authors: Kimura Tomohiko , Katakura Yukino , Shimoda Masashi , Kawasaki Fumiko , Yamabe Mizuho , Tatsumi Fuminori , Matsuki Michihiro , Iwamoto Yuichiro , Anno Takatoshi , Fushimi Yoshiro , Kamei Shinji , Kimura Yukiko , Nakanishi Shuhei , Mune Tomoatsu , Kaku Kohei , Kaneto Hideaki ,   COMING study Group
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo compare the clinical usefulness of once‐weekly glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists dulaglutide and semaglutide at the doses approved for use in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsIn total, 120 patients with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥7% were randomly assigned to dulaglutide (n = 59) or semaglutide group (n = 61), and 107 participants (dulaglutide/semaglutide = 53/54) completed the 24‐week trial. The primary endpoint was the difference of HbA1c level between the two groups at 24 weeks.ResultsHbA1c level at 24 weeks was significantly lower in the semaglutide group (7.9 ± 0.5%‐6.7 ± 0.5%) compared with the dulaglutide group (8.1 ± 0.6%‐7.4 ± 0.8%) (p < .0001). Reduction in body mass index and visceral fat area were also more significant in the semaglutide group (p < .05, respectively). The achievement rate of HbA1c <7% was higher in the semaglutide group (p < .0001). The parameters such as low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase and γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase were decreased in the semaglutide group. Surprisingly, only semaglutide group significantly improved the apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio, which is considered a useful myocardial infarction risk index. Using computed tomography, the liver to spleen ratio was significantly elevated only in the semaglutide group. In contrast, gastrointestinal symptoms were observed in 13.2% of dulaglutide and 46.3% of semaglutide group (p < .01). The Diabetes Treatment‐Related Quality of Life scores related to pain and gastrointestinal symptoms were also superior in the dulaglutide group.ConclusionsThis prospective trial showed that semaglutide has more pronounced glucose‐ and body mass index‐lowering effects and reduces liver fat percentage and visceral fat area and that dulaglutide has less gastrointestinal symptoms and superior Diabetes Treatment‐Related Quality of Life scores related to pain and gastrointestinal symptoms.
Effective dehazing of night‐time images using open dark channel prior and wavelet transform
Authors: Dharmalingam Vivekanandan , Palivela Lakshmi Harika , Elangovan Pugazhendi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExisting night‐time dehazing methods had been attempting to process light and non‐light source regions based on dark channel prior (DCP). Since the bright and non‐bright regions exhibit different features, the same daytime method cannot be applied to night images because light scatter from the multiple objects non‐uniformly and DCP tends to over‐estimate the depth of the scene making the image unrealistic. To overcome this limitation, wavelet decomposition was performed so that haze remains in the low occurrence region and noise in the high occurrence region and noise was removed by soft thresholding method. In the presented approach, the open DCP (ODCP) transmission map was computed for handling light source regions and estimated transmission was refined to enhance the texture in high‐frequency part. Bilinear interpolation method of fast‐guided filtering and recursive filter in the domain transform was used for edge preservation, enhancement of texture details and smoothness. The dehazed image was constructed by correlating the coefficients of low occurrence part recovered from haze and high occurrence component. The performance analysis was compared against state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM).
Energy use efficiency of soil microorganisms: Driven by carbon recycling and reduction
Authors: Wang Chaoqun , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCarbon use efficiency (CUE) is being intensively applied to quantify carbon (C) cycling processes from microbial cell to global scales. Energy use efficiency (EUE) is at least as important as the CUE because (i) microorganisms use organic C mainly as an energy source and not as elemental C per se, and (ii) microbial growth and maintenance are limited by energy, but not by C as a structural element. We conceptualize and review the importance of EUE by soil microorganisms and focus on (i) the energy content in organic compounds depending on the nominal oxidation state of carbon (NOSC), (ii) approaches to assess EUE, (iii) similarities and differences between CUE and EUE, and (iv) discuss mechanisms responsible for lower EUE compared to CUE. The energy content per C atom (enthalpy of combustion, the total energy stored in a compound) in organic compounds is very closely (R2 = 0.98) positively related to NOSC and increases by 108 kJ mol−1 C per one NOSC unit. For the first time we assessed the NOSC of microbial biomass in soil (−0.52) and calculated the corresponding energy content of −510 kJ mol−1 C. We linked CUE and EUE considering the NOSC of microbial biomass and element compositions of substrates utilized by microorganisms. The mean microbial EUE (0.32–0.35) is 18% lower than CUE (0.41) using glucose as a substrate. This definitely indicates that microbial growth is limited by energy relative to C. Based on the comparison of a broad range of processes of C and energy utilization for cell growth and maintenance, as well as database of experimental CUE from various compounds, we clearly explained five mechanisms and main factors why EUE is lower than CUE. The two main mechanisms behind lower EUE versus CUE are: (i) microbial recycling: C can be microbially recycled, whereas energy is always utilized only once, and (ii) chemical reduction of organic and inorganic compounds: Energy is used for reduction, which is ongoing without C utilization.
Dilemmas on emicizumab in children with haemophilia A: A survey of strategies from PedNet centres
Authors: Ranta Susanna , Motwani Jayashree , Blatny Jan , Bührlen Martina , Carcao Manuel , Chambost Hervé , Escuriola Carmen , Fischer Kathelijn , Kartal‐Kaess Mutlu , de Kovel Marloes , Kenet Gili , Male Christoph , Nolan Beatrice , d'Oiron Roseline , Olivieri Martin , Zapotocka Ester , Andersson Nadine G. , Königs Christoph 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionHaemophilia A care has changed with the introduction of emicizumab. Experience on the youngest children is still scarce and clinical practice varies between haemophilia treatment centres.AimWe aimed to assess the current clinical practice on emicizumab prophylaxis within PedNet, a collaborative research platform for paediatricians treating children with haemophilia.MethodsAn electronic survey was sent to all PedNet members (n = 32) between October 2022 and February 2023. The survey included questions on the availability of emicizumab, on the practice of initiating prophylaxis in previously untreated or minimally treated patients (PUPs or MTPs) and emicizumab use in patients with or without inhibitors.ResultsAll but four centres (28/32; 88%) responded. Emicizumab was available in clinical practice in 25/28 centres (89%), and in 3/28 for selected patients only (e.g. with inhibitors). Emicizumab was the preferred choice for prophylaxis in PUPs or MTPs in 20/25 centres; most (85%) started emicizumab prophylaxis before 1 year of age (30% before 6 months of age) and without concomitant FVIII (16/20; 80%). After the loading dose, 13/28 centres administered the recommended dosing, while the others adjusted the interval of injections to give whole vials. In inhibitor patients, the use of emicizumab during ITI was common, with low‐dose ITI being the preferred protocol.ConclusionMost centres choose to initiate prophylaxis with emicizumab before 12 months of age and without concomitant FVIII. In inhibitor patients, ITI is mostly given in addition to emicizumab, but there was no common practice on how to proceed after successful ITI.
Concordance of ASCL1, NEUROD1 and POU2F3 transcription factor‐based subtype assignment in paired tumour samples from small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Denize Thomas , Meador Catherine B , Rider Anna B , Ganci Maria L , Barth Jaimie L , Kem Marina , Mino‐Kenudson Mari , Hung Yin P 
Published: August 2023

AimsSmall cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) can be classified into transcription factor‐based subtypes (ASCL1, NeuroD1, POU2F3). While in‐vitro studies suggest intratumoral heterogeneity in the expression of these markers, how SCLC subtypes vary over time and among locations in patients remains unclear.Methods and resultsWe searched a consecutive series of patients at our institution in 2006–22 for those with greater than one available formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded SCLC sample in multiple sites and/or time‐points. Immunohistochemistry for ASCL1, NeuroD1 and POU2F3 was performed and evaluated using H‐scores, with subtype assigned based on the positive marker (H‐score threshold >10) with the highest H‐score. The 179 samples (75, lung; 51, lymph nodes; 53, non‐nodal metastases) from 84 patients (74 with two, 10 with more than two samples) included 98 (54.7%) ASCL1‐dominant, 47 (26.3%) NeuroD1‐dominant, 15 (8.4%) POU2F3‐dominant, 17 (9.5%) triple‐negative and two (1.1%) ASCL1/NeuroD1 co‐dominant samples. NeuroD1‐dominant subtype was enriched in non‐lung locations. Subtype concordance from pairwise comparison was 71.4% overall and 89.7% after accounting for ASCL1/NeuroD1‐dual expressors and technical factors including <500 cells/slide, H‐score thresholds and sample decalcification. No significant difference in subtype concordance was noted with a longer time lapse or with extrathoracic versus intrathoracic samples in this cohort.ConclusionsAfter accounting for technical factors, transcription factor‐based subtyping was discordant among multiple SCLC samples in ~10% of patients, regardless of sample locations and time lapse. Our findings highlighted the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of SCLC in clinical samples and potential challenges, including technical and biological factors, that might limit concordance in SCLC transcription factor‐based subtyping.
Supercritical fluid extraction tandem responsive polarity modifier separation of hydroxytyrosol rich phenolic raffinates from olive oil
Authors: Wani Touseef Ahmed , Haris Sabeera , Baba Waqas N. , Akhter Rehana , Al‐Marzouqi Ali H. , Masoodi Farooq Ahmad 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThis research includes recovery of hydroxytyrosol (HT) rich bioactive raffinates from olive oil through supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using CO2 and polarity modifiers including ethanol (EtOH) and methanol (MeOH) at 6% each. The raffinates left after 120 min of SFE (<1%) at 40 °C and 150 bar were subjected to minor phenolic analysis through Reversed Phase‐High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP‐HPLC). HT being the most consistent phenolic compound, the retention, total phenolic content (TPC) and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity decreased in the raffinates as Supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) + (MeOH) > ScCO2 + (EtOH) > ScCO2. Multivariate analysis revealed high positive correlations among the individual phenolic compounds and antioxidant potential. Principal components analysis explained 90.5% variability through two principal components. The MeOH, ScCO2, ScCO2 + MeOH and ScCO2 + EtOH extracts were clearly separated in the score plot with positive loadings of parameters on the loading plot. Hierarchical cluster analysis separated the MeOH extraction and SFE in two clusters. In conclusion, ScCO2 + MeOH and ScCO2 + EtOH could be employed for the recovery of HT from olive oil.
Do nurses’ personality traits affect the level of compassion fatigue?
Authors: Çiçek Korkmaz Ayşe , Gökoğlan Ebru 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsTo determine whether nurses’ personality traits impact their levels of compassion fatigue.BackgroundsCompassion fatigue has become one of nursing literature's most discussed and investigated topics. Although some nurses working in the same environment and under similar conditions are more resistant to compassion fatigue, some are at risk of it.MethodsThis descriptive study was conducted with 451 nurses selected using a simple random sampling method in Turkey. Data were collected using web‐based online survey forms between February and April 2022. A questionnaire form regarding personal traits and professional characteristics, the Compassion Fatigue‐Short Scale, and Basic Personality Traits Inventory were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t‐test, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsThe nurses’ compassion fatigue was moderate, and personality traits were found to be agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion, respectively. There was a negative correlation between compassion fatigue and personality traits of extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness to experience, yet a positive correlation with neuroticism and negative valence. According to the regression analysis, nurses’ personality traits were effective on compassion fatigue by 21.9%. The personality trait of extraversion had a negative impact on compassion fatigue, and neuroticism had a positive impact.ConclusionThis study identified a correlation between nurses' personality traits and compassion fatigue, suggesting that certain personality traits can be predictive factors of compassion fatigue. The limited number of studies discussing personality traits and compassion fatigue together increases the importance of the current study, which may shed light on future studies to be conducted on similar topics.Implications for nursing and other policiesThis study has important implications for nurse managers. Nurse managers can predict whether they may experience compassion fatigue based on their personality traits.
Evolution behavior of electrocaloric effect in BaTiO3‐based ceramics with different phase structures and phase transitions
Authors: Zhao Chunlin , Huang Yanli , Wu Xiao , Gao Min , Lin Tengfei , Lin Cong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this work, the evolution behavior of electrocaloric effect in BaTiO3‐based ceramics with different phase structures and phase transitions was compared. A paradigmatic system of (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Ti1−xHfx)O3 ceramics was selected. Diffuseness exponent γ increases linearly with rising x. Electrocaloric temperature change (ΔT) shows an opposite variation, whereas temperature span (Tspan) displays the same tendency with γ changing. The degeneration of maximum polarization and polarization change rate contributes to the decrease in ΔT due to the diffusion phase transition, whereas the diffusion can lead to a large Tspan. The ceramic with a single ferroelectric or paraelectric phase shows a small ΔT but a high variation rate with elevating electric field (E), whereas a small variation rate is present in the phase‐transition region that shows a high ΔT. Besides, small electrocaloric strength (ΔT/ΔE) is obtained in the single‐phase region and increases with elevating E. A high ΔT/ΔE is present in the phase‐transition region but decreases with elevating E. When phase transition becomes diffusion, ΔT variation with E becomes obvious, whereas ΔT/ΔE dependence will decrease. These phenomena result from the difficult polarization orientation in single ferroelectric phase or weak polarization in paraelectric phase, and the easy polarization orientation in the phase‐transition region.