bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular targeted therapy, advanced treatment for cancers of the head-and-neck region: A systematic review
Authors: Shaikh Firdous , Sodhi Sonia Kaur , Kale Lata M. , Farooqui Zeenat Fatema , Farooqui Aamena 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The foundation of oncology treatment as a single modality approach as well as the “multimodality” concept has been studied by statistical evaluation pre, during, and posttreatment to rule out their efficacy, expected prognosis, toxicity reactions, and overall survival for the patient. Such studies have also provided an appreciable amount of data for future custom utility. “Targeted therapy” is a cancer treatment that uses drugs but is different from traditional chemotherapy. It works by targeting cancer-specific genes, proteins, or the tissue environment that contributes to cancer growth and survival. Researchers are developing drugs that target specific molecular changes. The drugs can block or turn off signals that tell cancer cells to grow and divide, keep cells from living longer than usual, and destroy the cancer cells.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to carry out a systematic review of clinical trials of molecular targeted therapy in the treatment of cancer.

Objective:
The objective of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of molecular targeted therapy in the treatment of head-and-neck cancers.

Materials and Methods:
A group of keywords was preselected to search for scientific articles on a web-based database of PubMed. Only completed randomized controlled trials published in the past 5 years in the English language were included with open access. All the selected articles were subjected to the Cochrane bias tool and PRISMA guidelines to extract results.

Results:
Among 4 studies specifying the progression-free survival (PFS) for comparing the groups treated either using targeted therapy or other modality/placebo, 50% of studies show a slight increase in PFS in the group treated with TT and other 50% show PFS increase in the non-TT group. Thus, insufficient evidence is furnished to provide a statement and acknowledged the expectancy of a disease-free period with or without the use of TT in the treatment of head-and-neck cancer.

Conclusion:
Considering very little information on enhanced effect and presence of evidence supporting an increased risk of adverse events, the addition of TT to treatment is a question to the dilemma. A systematic review intends advantageous in providing foresight for oncologists concerning patient assessment and evaluation to defend inclination proceeding toward the treatment defined.
Comparison of RECIST and iRECIST criteria in patients with advanced lung cancer treated with nivolumab
Authors: Singla Rishu , Jajodia Ankush , Agrawal R K , Rao Avinash , Pasricha Sunil , Batra Ullas 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Systemic therapy in lung cancer is mainstay of treatment as most patients present in advanced stages, with rising importance of new immunotherapy agents.

Purpose:
To compare the RECIST 1.1 and the immunotherapy Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (iRECISTs) criteria for response assessment in lung cancer patients on immunotherapy. To find the incidence of pseudoprogression and associated imaging patterns.

Material and Methods:
Retrospective study in 28 patients treated with immunotherapy for advanced metastatic NSCLC. End points were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Response assessments were separately tabulated according to RECIST 1.1 and iRECIST and classified into dichotomous groups of responders and nonresponders. Agreement in assessments between RECIST 1.0 and iRECIST examined using Cohen kappa (κ) coefficient with 95% confidence intervals. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was done for PFS and OS. Differences between RECIST 1.1 and iRECIST for both responder and nonresponder were evaluated by the log rank test, Breslow (Generalized Wilcoxon) test, and Tarone–Ware test.

Results:
Incidence of pseudoprogression was 7% (2/28). The RECIST1.1 and iRECIST were in disagreement in two patients. The agreement between RECIST and iRECIST was almost perfect. The PFS and the OS are significantly longer in duration for responders in comparison to nonresponders for both RECIST and iRECIST and the difference between two assessment criteria is not significant.

Conclusion:
Although iRECIST aims to monitor treatment more precisely than conventional response criteria, this must be weighed against how infrequent pseudoprogression is and the cost of this therapy, both financially and in the potential delay in changing to a more effective treatment.
Low albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio is associated with inferior prognosis in patients with head and neck cancer underwent concurrent chemoradiation: A propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Kim Donghyun , Ki Yongkan , Kim Wontaek , Park Dahl , Joo Jihyeon , Jeon Hosang , Nam Jiho 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Low albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio (AAPR) is associated with tumor progression and poor survival outcome in some malignancies.

Purpose:
We aimed to determine the prognostic value of AAPR in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 342 patients with HNC treated with definitive or adjuvant CCRT from 2007 to 2017. Receiver-operator characteristic curve assessed the cut-off value and predictive accuracy of AAPR for disease progression. Propensity score-matched (PSM) method was performed to balance baseline characteristics. Multivariate Cox regression analyses screened the independent prognostic factors for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results:
The median follow-up duration was 40 months. The optimal cut-off level of AAPR was 0.523. In the PSM cohort, an AAPR < 0.523 was related to worse PFS and OS (PFS: Hazard ratio [HR], 1.936; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.212 to 3.249; P = 0.001 and OS: HR, 1.832; 95% CI, 1.117 to 3.478; P = 0.02) compared with those with an AAPR ≥ 0.523. AJCC stage IVA-B also showed poor survival outcome compared with patients with AJCC stage II--III (PFS: HR, 1.855; 95% CI, 1.173 to 2.933; P = 0.008 and OS: HR, 1.905; 95% CI, 1.131 to 3.211; P = 0.015).

Conclusions:
HNC patients with low AAPR independently have worse survival outcomes than do high AAPR patients. These findings might help physicians predict treatment outcome and guide treatment strategy in patients with HNC underwent CCRT.
Outlook of Gleason score in prostate carcinoma and correlation with PSA levels: A study in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Rani Ekta , Nibhoria Sarita , Nagpal Nitin 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
In India, prostate carcinoma is the fifth most common cause of carcinoma in men, and the fourth in cancer mortality. Incidence of prostate malignancy is increasing in India by one percent every year. Prostate carcinoma is graded using the Gleason scoring system. The Gleason score is very useful for predicting the prognosis of prostate carcinoma. The collaborative use of clinical features, combined with the size of the prostate, prostate-specific antigen levels, and histopathological features helps in making an accurate and early diagnosis of the patients.

Material and Method:
This present prospective study included all histologically proven cases of prostate carcinoma in the Department of Pathology, Guru Gobind Singh Medical Hospital over a period of one year. A detailed histopathological examination of the H and E stained sections is carried out under light microscope including histological typing, Gleason scoring and grading. The Gleason grade was correlated with serum PSA levels.

Results:
Out of 80 cases, 28 (35%) were reported as Gleason grade group 3 with a Gleason score of 7 (4 + 3). 12 cases (15%) showed a Gleason grade group 2 with a Gleason score of 7 (3 + 4). Grade group 4 (Gleason score 8) and grade group 5 were observed in 22 cases (27.5%) and 18 cases (22.5%), respectively. Whereas, no case of Gleason grade group 1 with Gleason score of 6 (3 + 3) was seen.

Conclusion:
Gleason’s Group Grade 3 outnumbered all the group grades, contributing 35% (28 cases) of the total cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Serum PSA levels were raised (>10 ng/ml) in 100% of cases. Henceforth, it signifies the importance of serum PSA levels in prostate carcinoma. Lymphovascular invasion was associated with higher group grade of prostatic adenocarcinoma.
Single perforator-based anterolateral thigh flap, the workhorse flap, in oral cancer reconstruction: A tertiary care institution experience
Authors: Shetty Deepthi , Kumar Niranjan , Desai Anil Kumar , Anehosur Venkatesh 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Ablative procedures of the oral cavity require composite removal of tissues, which results in compromise of both functional activities and esthetic mutilation and proves to be a reconstructive challenge. This paper focuses on the reliability and versatility of a single perforator-based anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap in oral cancer reconstruction.

Materials and Methods:
All patients who underwent reconstruction with a single perforator-based ALT for oral cancer defects at our center were included in the study.

Results:
Forty-seven patients who underwent reconstruction with a single perforator-based ALT flap were included in our study. The average flap size in our series was 111 cm2, with the largest measuring 375 cm2. They was a complete loss of flap in two patients; both of them underwent salvage procedure and were reconstructed with pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. One had a partial loss that underwent re-exploration.

Conclusion:
We conclude that a single perforator-based ALT is a very safe, reliable, and versatile flap for head and neck reconstruction. The microvascular anastomosis may be expensive and technically a limitation; however, it has found a permanent place in our head and neck reconstructive toolkit and is the workhorse flap for head and neck reconstruction.
The adherence to the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases 2018 guidelines in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma and its impact on survival
Authors: Manne Ashish , Mulekar Madhuri , Escobar Daisy , Prodduturvar Pranitha , Fahmawi Yazan , Henderson Phillip , Abdul-Rahim Osama , Hussain Zeiad , Liles Spencer , Fonseca Annabelle , Howard John Harrison , Mneimneh Wadad , Gilbert Robert , Alkharabsheh Omar , Pai Sachin , White Zachary B , Nelson Cindy , Khushman Moh’d 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
In two Korean and Italian studies, the adherence rate (AR) to ASSLD 2005 guidelines in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was 60%. In a US study, the AR to American Association for the Study of Liver Disease (AASLD) 2005 guidelines was 73.3%, 26.8%, 25.3%, and 58.8% for patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Stage A, B, C, and D, respectively, and nonadherence to guidelines was associated with longer overall survival (OS) in patients with BCLC Stage D. Here, we explored the AR to AASLD 2018 guidelines and its impact on OS.

Methods:
Between 2017 and 2019, 148 unique treatment-naïve patients with HCC were identified. Patients were staged according to the BCLC staging system and their AR to AASLD 2018 guidelines was noted. OS was estimated using Kaplan–Meier method. Survivals among patients from different groups was compared using Log-rank test.

Results:
The overall AR to AASLD 2018 guidelines was 83%. The AR for BCLC Stages 0, A, B, C, and D were 100%, 97%, 77%, 77%, and 38%, respectively. In patients with BCLC Stage D, the OS of patients treated with modalities adherent versus nonadherent to AASLD 2018 guidelines was 0.03 vs. 5.2 months (P = 0.0005). Otherwise, adherence versus nonadherence to AASLD 2018 guidelines showed no statistically significant differences in OS for patients with BCLC Stages 0, A, B, and C.

Conclusion:
The overall AR to AASLD 2018 guidelines was 83%. Nonadherence to AASLD 2018 guidelines in patients with BCLC Stage D translated into better OS.
Molecular epidemiology and clinical characteristics of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in NSCLC: A single-center experience from India
Authors: Thomas Renjan , Balaram Gautam , Varayathu Hrishi , Ghorpade Suhas N. , Kowsik Prarthana V , Dharman Baby , Thomas Beulah Elsa , Ramaswamy Veena , Nanjaiah Tejaswini , Patil Shekar , Naik Radheysham , Basavalinga Ajai Kumar , Ghosh Mithua 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The genetic profiling of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has contributed to the discovery of actionable targetable mutations, which have significantly improved outcomes in disease with poor prognosis. Molecular epidemiological data of driver mutations in Indian populations have not been extensively elaborated compared to western and eastern Asian NSCLC populations. This study assessed the prevalence and clinical outcomes of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) mutations among the Indian NSCLC cohort in South India.

Patients and Methods:
Retrospective analysis of 2,003 NSCLC patients who had undergone EGFR mutational analysis from 2013 to 2020 was performed. Clinical analysis was performed for 141 patients from 2013 to 2017 using Kaplan–Meier and Chi-square methods. Descriptive and survival statistics were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.

Results:

EGFR-sensitizing mutations were detected in 41.6% (834/2003) in the study cohort with compound mutations detected in 7.55% (63/834) of EGFR-positive cases. A significant relationship with regard to female gender and EGFR mutation status (P <.001) was observed. Exon 18 G719X (8.7%) mutations and exon 20 T790M point mutation (3.1%) were the most frequently isolated uncommon EGFR mutations. In the clinical cohort, EGFR mutations were detected at a significantly higher prevalence in females (P =0.002) and never-smokers (P < 0.001). EGFR mutation demonstrated a significant relationship with regard to brain metastasis (P = 0.011). EGFR mutated individuals had significantly longer median overall survival compared to EGFR wild type (26 months vs. 12 months, P = 0.044).

Conclusion:
We reports the highest number of EGFR mutation analysis performed from India and mutational analysis indicated a loco-regional variation in India with regard to EGFR mutation frequency and its subtypes.
A machine learning approach for prediction of auditory brain stem response in patients after head-and-neck radiation therapy
Authors: Amiri Sepideh , Abdolali Fatemeh , Neshastehriz Ali , Nikoofar Alireza , Farahani Saeid , Firoozabadi Leila Alipour , Askarabad Zahra Alaei , Cheraghi Susan 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The present study aimed to assess machine learning (ML) models according to radiomic features to predict ototoxicity using auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) in patients with radiation therapy (RT) for head-and-neck cancers.

Materials and Methods:
The ABR test was performed on 50 patients having head-and-neck RT. Radiomic features were extracted from the brain stem in computed tomography images to generate a radiomic signature. Moreover, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, the area under the curve, and mean cross-validation were used to evaluate six different ML models.

Results:
Out of 50 patients, 21 participants experienced ototoxicity. Furthermore, 140 radiomic features were extracted from the segmented area. Among the six ML models, the Random Forest method with 77% accuracy provided the best result.

Conclusion:
According to the ML approach, we showed the relatively high prediction power of the radiomic features in radiation-induced ototoxicity. To better predict the outcomes, future studies on a larger number of participants are recommended.
Solitary fibrous tumor of the seminal vesicle
Authors: Goyal Shikha , Madan Renu , Mukherjee Urmi , Kumar Rajender 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are mesenchymal neoplasms with variable clinical behavior depending on age, tumor site, and size, and pathologic factors such as mitoses and necrosis. Imaging features on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are not specific, and the diagnosis relies on histopathology with immunohistochemistry. SFTs arising from seminal vesicles is rare and reported in only eight earlier cases. We discuss the clinical, histopathologic and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging characteristics of a 54-year-old patient with SFT of the seminal vesicle. The patient was treated with robot-assisted seminal vesiculotomy and is doing well on follow-up at two years.
Clear cell variant of pediatric renal cell carcinoma: Rare and challenging
Authors: Banerjee Soirindhri , Paul Souvik , Dastidar Aloke Ghosh 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We report a very rare case of clear cell variant of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a 3-year-old male child, who presented to us with a left-sided lump in his abdomen. Computed tomography (CT) scan and technetium-99 Dimercapto succinic acid (DMSA) scan revealed a large left renal mass with compromised left renal function. Left-sided nephroureterectomy was done and histopathology demonstrated clear cell carcinoma, possibly translocation-associated RCC (miT family) staged as pT2NxMx. Postoperative CT scans of the thorax and whole abdomen showed secondaries in the lungs and liver. We discussed treatment options in a multidisciplinary tumor board but meanwhile the child succumbed to respiratory failure.
Evaluation of crystallization patterns in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral malignancies: A prospective study
Authors: Prakash A Jacob , Surendra K. Sai , Lakshmi M. Vijaya , Shetty VishwaPrakash , Reddy M. Murali Jogi , Thomas Vara Joy 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Oral cancers are often detected at late stages, and patients usually had a 50% chance of a 5-year survival rate. Oral cancer usually has an early precancerous stage before its actual malignant transformation. Although there are various approaches to diagnose the early stages of cancer, there is one less explored, cost-effective, and simple technique known as the crystallization test. The aim of the study was to evaluate the crystallization patterns in tobacco users, oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), and oral malignancies.

Materials and Methods:
Fifteen patients with oral malignancies, 15 patients with oral potentially malignant disorders, 15 tobacco users, and 15 healthy individuals participated in the crystallization test. Single blood drop was used to perform this test and the obtained crystal patterns were analyzed.

Results:
This test had a sensitivity of 93.3%, 80.0%, and 20.0% for oral malignancies, oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (PMDs), and tobacco users, respectively. Chi-square analysis revealed a highly significant transverse form between OPMDs and oral malignancies (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Crystallization test was found to be a sensitive, reliable, economical, and less invasive procedure for screening of oral PMDs and oral malignancies under strictly maintained physical conditions.
Leukemia-associated aberrant immunophenotype: A flow cytometry-based experience of 110 cases from a tertiary care center in Northern India
Authors: Venugopalan Radhika K. , Singh Neha , Anthony Michael L. , Kunnumbrath Arathi , Gupta Arvind K. , Nath Uttam K. , Chowdhury Nilotpal , Chandra Harish 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Leukemic cells express a characteristic set of “cluster of differentiation” (CD) markers, which forms the basis of the current WHO classification. Leukemia-associated aberrant immunophenotype (LAIP) refers to expression of unusual CD markers by leukemic cells, which are not normally expressed by their respective lineage. The incidence of LAIP varies considerably, and its clinical implications, prognostic relevance, and sensitivity to therapy are still debatable. This study was conducted to identify the immunophenotypic aberrancies in newly diagnosed leukemias in our Institute.

Method:
This was an observational study, which included newly diagnosed leukemias on flow cytometry. Aberrant immunophenotypic expressions were recorded whenever present and were correlated with prognostic factors like age, gender, and total leucocyte count (TLC).

Results:
The study included 110 newly diagnosed cases of leukemias (85 acute and 25 chronic) over 1.5 years. Immunophenotypic aberrancies were detected in 40.4% of the cases. The highest incidence of aberrations was detected in acute myeloid leukemia (60.7%). LAIPs were detected in 50% of T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 25% cases of in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Aberrant CD33 and CD56 expression in B-ALL correlated with poor prognostic factors like higher age and higher TLC, respectively. Immunophenotypic aberrancies were present in 28% cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Conclusion:
The results of this study have generated valuable baseline data on the incidence of LAIPs in this region. This information is vital because establishing LAIPs at the time of diagnosis is crucial for disease monitoring. Some LAIPs are associated with underlying cytogenetic abnormalities and hence impact the management and prognosis.
Primary signet ring cell carcinoma of prostate: A rare case report and review of literature
Authors: Gupta Monika , Budhwar Archana , Prasad Nikita , Prasad Sujata Kumari SP , Singh Sunita 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Primary signet ring cell carcinoma (PSRCC) of the prostate is an extremely rare variant of prostatic adenocarcinoma. A PubMed search of the English language literature from January 2000 to June 2020 using the keywords “signet ring cell carcinoma” and “prostate,” identified 20 cases of PSRCC of the prostate. On the basis of the combined data from this study and the literature review, 21 such patients were evaluated for clinical characteristics, histologic diagnoses, special and immunohistochemical staining, and treatment. The mean age at the diagnosis was 68.47 years (range 50–85 years). The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels varied from 0.19 to 6658 ng/mL, with a mean of 509.15 ng/mL. Most (50%) presented with Stage 3 cancer. The most common Gleason grade group was 5 (Gleason score 9 to 10), seen in 61.5%. The extent of signet ring cell involvement of the specimen when reported was documented as more than 20% of the tumor-containing signet ring cells, with a range of 25%–90%. For pathologic diagnosis, the most common special stains performed were periodic acid–Schiff and Alcian blue, and among the immunohistochemical stains, the most common were PSA, CK20, and prostate-specific acid phosphatase. A detailed clinicoradiological and pathological workup is essential to rule out primary from other common sites, in view of its grave prognosis and lack of an established treatment protocol.