bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics and serum CA19‐9 combined with HE4 are valuable in diagnosing endometriosis‐associated ovarian cancer
Authors: Xu Ting , Zhang Lin , Jiang Yi , Wan Yicong , Zhou Shulin , Sun Guodong , Cheng Wenjun , Yuan Lin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveEndometriosis‐associated ovarian cancer (EAOC) is difficult to diagnose because of its low incidence, uncertain risk factors, and the absence of effective markers. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of EAOC and identify useful serological markers.MethodsWe retrospectively studied the clinical characteristics of patients with EAOC and ovarian endometriosis, obtained between January 1, 2011 and October 31, 2021. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between clinical characteristics and EAOC. Receiver operating characteristic curves were applied to access the diagnostic value of serological markers in EAOC.ResultsIn total, the clinical characteristics of 220 patients were obtained; 44 with EAOC and 176 with ovarian endometriosis. EAOC patients were older (46.20 vs. 36.26 years, P < 0.001) and had larger tumors (9.10 vs. 6.73 cm, P = 0.003) together with higher CA19‐9 (21.44 vs. 4.72 U/mL, P < 0.001) and HE4 levels (62.35 vs. 44.19 pmol/L, P < 0.001) when compared with ovarian endometriosis patients. Multivariate analysis showed that HE4 greater than 59.7 pmol/L, CA19‐9 greater than 8.5 U/mL, age 42 years or older, and tumor length 9.2 cm or longer were independent risk factors for EAOC. Significantly, CA19‐9 combined with HE4 had high sensitivity (72.73%) and specificity (78.41%) in diagnosing EAOC.ConclusionAge over 42 years, large ovarian tumor, serum CA19‐9 and HE4 are valuable in the diagnosis of EAOC.
Maternal insulin‐like growth factors and insulin‐like growth factor‐binding proteins for macrosomia prediction in diabetic and nondiabetic pregnancy: A prospective study
Authors: Alekseenkova Elena N. , Babakov V. N. , Selkov S. A. , Di Renzo G. C. , Kogan I. Yu. , Kapustin R. V. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveAttributable to the insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) axis involvement in fetal growth regulation, possible contribution of the maternal IGF axis to antenatal fetal macrosomia diagnosis is a subject of particular interest in diabetic pregnancy.MethodsA total of 130 women were prospectively enrolled in a longitudinal single‐center cohort study. The four study groups were: type 1 diabetes (n = 40), type 2 diabetes (n = 35), gestational diabetes (n = 40), and control (n = 15). IGF‐1 and IGF‐2 and insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein (IGFBP) 1, 3, 6, and 7 serum levels were analyzed in 11‐ to 14‐week and 30‐ to 34‐week samples with a specific immunoassay.ResultsIn mothers of large‐for‐gestational‐age neonates (90th percentile), higher (median test) first‐trimester IGF‐1 (P = 0.007) and lower IGFBP‐1 (P = 0.035) were observed. The IGF‐1/IGFBP‐1 ratio was positively associated with neonatal weight (r = 0.434, P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed an association between large for gestational age and the first‐trimester IGF‐1 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.747, P < 0.001), IGFBP‐1 (AUC = 0.334, P = 0.011), and IGF‐1/IGFBP‐1 ratio (AUC = 0.750, P < 0.001). IGF‐1/IGFBP‐1 ratio had better performance for prediction of birth weight over 4000 g (AUC = 0.822, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe authors detected different first‐trimester IGF‐1 and IGF‐1/IGFBP‐1 thresholds applicable for either supposition or rejection of macrosomia diagnosis. Further investigation is needed to determine how the maternal IGF axis can contribute to fetal macrosomia prediction.
Incidence trends of shoulder dystocia and associated risk factors: A nationwide analysis in the United States
Authors: Youssefzadeh Ariane C. , Tavakoli Amin , Panchal Viraj R. , Mandelbaum Rachel S. , Ouzounian Joseph G. , Matsuo Koji 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo examine recent incidence trends and characteristics of shoulder dystocia.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study querying the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's National Inpatient Sample. The study population included 9 913 838 vaginal deliveries for national estimates from January 2016 to December 2019. The main outcome measure was the diagnosis of shoulder dystocia. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify characteristics of shoulder dystocia in multivariable analysis.ResultsShoulder dystocia was reported in 228 120 deliveries (23.0 per 1000). The incidence of shoulder dystocia increased from 21.0 to 24.6 per 1000 deliveries during the 4‐year study period (17.1% relative increase, P < 0.001). In a multivariable analysis, the recent year of delivery remained an independent factor for shoulder dystocia: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) compared with 2016, 1.09 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–1.11), 1.13 (95% CI, 1.12–1.14), and 1.18 (95% CI, 1.16–1.19) for 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Large for gestational age (aOR 4.33 [95% CI, 4.25–4.40]), diabetes mellitus (pregestational aOR, 4.78 [95% CI, 4.63–4.94], and gestational aOR, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.66–1.71]), and vacuum‐assisted delivery (aOR, 2.18 [95% CI, 2.15–2.21]) exhibited the largest risks for shoulder dystocia.ConclusionThis national‐level analysis identified various risk factors for shoulder dystocia and demonstrated that shouder dystocia cases are increasing gradually in the United States.
It pays to have guanxi: How social capital affects household income in China
Authors: Wu Kai , Liu Yi , Xu Yifan , Sun He 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe association between social capital and household income has received inadequate attention over the past decade. We examine the role of social capital in household income using three waves of household surveys from 2011 to 2015 in China. Using “local big surname or not” as the instrumental variable, we find that gift expenditure as a proxy for social capital is positively associated with total household income. In addition, social capital mainly affects income sources through improved financial sophistication, higher job position levels, closer government connections, and greater accessibility to operating loans. The results are robust to alternative social capital measures. The findings highlight the importance of social capital in household economic welfare in China.
Comparing lipid remodeling of brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue, and liver after one‐week high fat diet intervention with quantitative Raman microscopy
Authors: Paul Alexandra , Chanclón Belén , Brännmark Cecilia , Wittung‐Stafshede Pernilla , Olofsson Charlotta S. , Asterholm Ingrid Wernstedt , Parekh Sapun H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBrown adipose tissue (BAT) consists of highly metabolically active adipocytes that catabolize nutrients to produce heat. Playing an active role in triacylglycerol (TAG) clearance, research has shown that dietary fatty acids can modulate the TAG chemistry deposition in BAT after weeks‐long dietary intervention, similar to what has been shown in white adipose tissue (WAT). Our objective was to compare the influence of sustained, nonchronic dietary intervention (a 1‐week interval) on WAT and interscapular BAT lipid metabolism and deposition in situ. We use quantitative, label‐free chemical microscopy to show that 1 week of high fat diet (HFD) intervention results in dramatically larger lipid droplet (LD) growth in BAT (and liver) compared to LD growth in inguinal WAT (IWAT). Moreover, BAT showed lipid remodeling as increased unsaturated TAGs in LDs, resembling the dietary lipid composition, while WAT (and liver) did not show lipid remodeling on this time scale. Concurrently, expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, particularly desaturases, was reduced in BAT and liver from HFD‐fed mice after 1 week. Our data show that BAT lipid chemistry remodels exceptionally fast to dietary lipid intervention compared WAT, which further points towards a role in TAG clearance.
Nupr1 deficiency downregulates HtrA1, enhances SMAD1 signaling, and suppresses age‐related bone loss in male mice
Authors: Murayama Masatoshi , Hirata Hirohito , Shiraki Makoto , Iovanna Juan L. , Yamaza Takayoshi , Kukita Toshio , Komori Toshihisa , Moriishi Takeshi , Ueno Masaya , Morimoto Tadatsugu , Mawatari Masaaki , Kukita Akiko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNuclear protein 1 (NUPR1) is a stress‐induced protein activated by various stresses, such as inflammation and oxidative stress. We previously reported that Nupr1 deficiency increased bone volume by enhancing bone formation in 11‐week‐old mice. Analysis of differentially expressed genes between wild‐type (WT) and Nupr1‐knockout (Nupr1‐KO) osteocytes revealed that high temperature requirement A 1 (HTRA1), a serine protease implicated in osteogenesis and transforming growth factor‐β signaling was markedly downregulated in Nupr1‐KO osteocytes. Nupr1 deficiency also markedly reduced HtrA1 expression, but enhanced SMAD1 signaling in in vitro‐cultured primary osteoblasts. In contrast, Nupr1 overexpression enhanced HtrA1 expression in osteoblasts, suggesting that Nupr1 regulates HtrA1 expression, thereby suppressing osteoblastogenesis. Since HtrA1 is also involved in cellular senescence and age‐related diseases, we analyzed aging‐related bone loss in Nupr1‐KO mice. Significant spine trabecular bone loss was noted in WT male and female mice during 6−19 months of age, whereas aging‐related trabecular bone loss was attenuated, especially in Nupr1‐KO male mice. Moreover, cellular senescence‐related markers were upregulated in the osteocytes of 6−19‐month‐old WT male mice but markedly downregulated in the osteocytes of 19‐month‐old Nupr1‐KO male mice. Oxidative stress‐induced cellular senescence stimulated Nupr1 and HtrA1 expression in in vitro‐cultured primary osteoblasts, and Nupr1 overexpression enhanced p16ink4a expression in osteoblasts. Finally, NUPR1 expression in osteocytes isolated from the bones of patients with osteoarthritis was correlated with age. Collectively, these results indicate that Nupr1 regulates HtrA1‐mediated osteoblast differentiation and senescence. Our findings unveil a novel Nupr1/HtrA1 axis, which may play pivotal roles in bone formation and age‐related bone loss.
Mental health training in family medicine residencies: International curriculum overview
Authors: Kawada Shogo , Moriya Junko , Wakabayashi Hideki , Kise Morito , Okada Tadao , Ie Kenya 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntegration of mental health into primary care has become a global trend, and many countries have developed mental health training in primary care. However, systematic mental health training for family physicians is insufficient in Japan. The newly established Japan Primary Care Association Mental Health Committee surveyed the current status of mental health training curricula in family medicine residency internationally. Participants were individuals involved in family medicine residency programs who were from Australia, Brazil, Hong Kong, the Philippines, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The results revealed that many academic societies have created competency lists and curriculum guidelines for mental health training; however, the implementation varied. This study is novel as it examined and compared different countries' curriculum; the findings of which can be used as a reference to develop future mental health training curriculum in Japan.
Discontinuation of government subsidized HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis in Australia: a whole‐of‐population analysis of dispensing records
Authors: Medland Nicholas Andrew , Fraser Doug , Bavinton Benjamin R. , Jin Fengyi , Grulich Andrew E. , Paynter Heath , Guy Rebecca , McManus Hamish 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionHIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been government subsidized in Australia since April 2018 and while uptake is high among men who have sex with men, rates of discontinuation are also high. The aims of this study were to examine the impact of discontinuation on overall PrEP usage, the proportion of PrEP users who discontinue and the predictors of discontinuation.MethodsWe used linked de‐identified dispensing records of all government subsidized PrEP in Australia between April 2018 and September 2021: a whole‐of‐population data set. Defining discontinuation as 180 days or more without PrEP after the final dispensed supply, we calculated the number of people who discontinued at each 6‐month interval during the study period, the proportion who had discontinued 2 years after the first supply and, using Cox regression, predictors of discontinuation.ResultsOf 49,164 people dispensed PrEP (98.5% male, median age 34 years), 40.3% (19,815) had discontinued by September 2021. Within 2 years of their first supply, 11,150 (37.7%) of 29,549 PrEP users had discontinued, including 10.0% after a single dispensed supply. Large variations were observed, particularly according to prescriber characteristics: discontinuation was higher among people prescribed PrEP by low caseload (≤10 patients) prescribers (61.2%) than by high caseload (>100 patients) prescribers (31.1%, p<0.001), and by prescribers practising in areas with low estimated prevalence (<1.0%) of gay men (64.1%) than high (>5%) prevalence (36.7%, p<0.001). Women and younger people were more likely to discontinue, while patients receiving a higher level of government subsidy were less likely. The independent predictors of discontinuation with the greatest effect size were female sex (adjusted hazards ratio [aHR] 2.99, p<0.001), low estimated gay prevalence of prescriber location (aHR 1.98, p<0.001) and low prescriber PrEP caseload (aHR 1.79, p<0.001).ConclusionsThere are high rates of PrEP discontinuation in Australia and some populations are at increased risk of discontinuation. Strategies are needed to support persistence on PrEP and the re‐starting of PrEP during periods of risk.
Geographical profiling incorporating neighbourhood‐level factors using spatial interaction modelling
Authors: Hirama Kazuki , Yokota Kaeko , Otsuka Yusuke , Watanabe Kazumi , Yabe Naoto , Yokota Ryo , Hawai Yoshinori 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the applicability of methods that use spatial interaction modelling to predict the most probable area for an offender's residence. Tokyo, which is the capital of Japan and is divided into 1507 square‐kilometre zones, was selected as the study area. We analysed 4316 criminal trips to commit residential burglaries by 1089 offenders who lived in Tokyo. The following neighbourhood‐level factors, and a distance‐decay effect between zones, were incorporated into the proposed model: the size of the residential population aged 15–59 years in origin zones, the numbers of households living in detached houses, newcomers, the number of police facilities in destination zones, and the spatial structures of the criminal trips. Search areas calculated by the proposed model were smaller than previous models, suggesting that neighbourhood‐level factors are important for predicting the location of an offender's residence.
Pharmaco‐virological algorithm to target risk of drug resistance among a population of HIV‐infected key populations in Togo
Authors: Ferré Valentine M. , Bitty‐Anderson Alexandra M. , Peytavin Gilles , Lê Minh P. , Dagnra Claver A. , Coppée Romain , Gbeasor‐Komlanvi Fifonsi A. , Descamps Diane , Charpentier Charlotte , Ekouevi Didier K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNo data about antiretroviral (ARV) treatment coverage and virological response are available among key populations (female sex workers [FSW] and Men having Sex with Men [MSM]) in Togo. This study aimed to both describe Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) immunovirological status and evaluate the pertinence of an original algorithm combining pharmacology (PK) and viral load (VL) to identify subjects at risk of ARV drug resistance. A cross‐sectional multicentric study was conducted in 2017 in Togo. Our PK‐virological algorithm (PK‐VA) defines subjects at risk of resistance when exhibiting both detectable plasma drug concentrations and VL > 200 c/mL. Among the 123 FSW and 136 MSM included, 50% and 66% were receiving ARV, with 69% and 80% of them successfully‐treated, respectively. Genotypes showed drug‐resistance mutation in 58% and 63% of nonvirologically controlled (VL > 200 c/mL) ARV‐treated FSW and MSM, respectively. PK‐VA would have enabled to save 75% and 72% of genotypic tests, for FSW and MSM, respectively. We reported first data about HIV care cascade among key populations in Togo, highlighting they are tested for HIV but linkage to care remains a concern. Furthermore, 70%−80% of ARV‐treated participants experienced virological success. In limited resources settings, where genotyping tests are beyond reach, PK‐VA might be an easiest solution to sort out patients needing ARV adaptation due to resistance.
Direct observational time and motion study of the daily activities of hospital dispensary pharmacists and technicians
Authors: Magee Katie , Fromont Molly , Ihle Eloise , Cheung Michael , Percival Mia , Poole Susan G. , Bell Chloe , Theobald Belinda , Dooley Michael J. , Brown Catherine 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundHospital pharmacy dispensaries are busy work environments where staff are involved in a variety of work‐related tasks. The proportion of time spent on daily tasks, task prioritisation, multitasking, and interruptions remains largely unknown.AimTo examine the tasks performed and proportion of time pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in a hospital pharmacy inpatient dispensary spend on various work‐related activities.MethodPharmacists and technicians working in the inpatient dispensary of a large metropolitan health service were directly observed by trained researchers. Tasks were recorded using Work Observation Method By Activity Timing (WOMBAT), a validated technique developed for direct observation studies of health professionals. Timed tasks were allocated to domains detailing the task performed, who performed it, who they interacted with, and where the task was performed. Data were analysed descriptively with independence of 95% confidence intervals (CI) demonstrating statistical significance.ResultsTwelve pharmacists and 13 technicians were observed for 107.4 h. Tasks that contributed the greatest proportion of time were: the preparation of discharge prescriptions: pharmacists 32.1% (95% CI 29.9–34.3%) and technicians 21.0% (95% CI 18.3–23.7%); inpatient medication supply 22.5% (95% CI 21.5–23.5%) and 49.3% (95% CI 47.3–51.3%) and; inter‐professional communication 13.6% and 14.7% (non‐significant [NS]). Tasks were completed independently 89.6% (pharmacists) and 88.9% (technicians) of the time. Pharmacists and technicians were interrupted 6.7 and 5.1 times per hour (p < 0.05), respectively; 8.6% and 9.5% (NS) of the time was spent undertaking at least two tasks simultaneously.ConclusionThis is the first study to examine task time distribution within a hospital inpatient dispensary. Pharmacists and technicians spend the greatest proportion of time on direct medication dispensing‐related activities. This study demonstrates a high frequency of multitasking and interruptions, both of which are known risks for dispensing errors.
DLX5 regulates the osteogenic differentiation of spinal ligaments cells derived from ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament patients via NOTCH signaling
Authors: Tang Tao , Zhu Zhengya , He Zhongyuan , Wang Fuan , Chen Hongkun , Liu Shengkai , Zhan Mingbin , Wang Jianmin , Tian Wei , Chen Dafu , Wu Xinbao , Liu Xizhe , Zhou Zhiyu , Liu Shaoyu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundOssification of the posterior longitudinal ligaments (OPLL) is common disorder characterized by heterotopic ossification of the spinal ligaments. Mechanical stimulation (MS) plays an important role in OPLL. DLX5 is an essential transcription factor required for osteoblast differentiation. However, the role of DLX5 during in OPLL is unclear. This study aims to investigate whether DLX5 is associated with OPLL progression under MS.MethodsStretch stimulation was applied to spinal ligaments cells derived from OPLL (OPLL cells) and non‐OPLL (non‐OPLL cells) patients. Expression of DLX5 and osteogenesis‐related genes were determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The osteogenic differentiation ability of the cells was measured using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining. The protein expression of DLX5 in the tissues and the nuclear translocation of NOTCH intracellular domain (NICD) was examined by immunofluorescence.ResultsCompared with non‐OPLL cells, OPLL cells expressed higher levels of DLX5 in vitro and vivo (p < 0.01). Upregulated expression of DLX5 and osteogenesis‐related genes (OSX, RUNX2, and OCN) were observed in OPLL cells induced with stretch stimulation and osteogenic medium, whereas there was no change in the non‐OPLL cells (p < 0.01). Cytoplasmic NICD protein translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus inducing DLX5 under stretch stimulation, which was reduced by the NOTCH signaling inhibitors (DAPT) (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThese data suggest that DLX5 play a critical role in MS‐induced progression of OPLL through NOTCH signaling, which provides a new insight into the pathogenesis of OPLL.
Interaction of Polystyrene Nanoparticles with Supported Lipid Bilayers: Impact of Nanoparticle Size and Protein Corona
Authors: Meesaragandla Brahmaiah , Blessing Dennis Oliver , Karanth Sanjai , Rong Alena , Geist Norman , Delcea Mihaela 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPolystyrene is one of the most widely used plastics. This article reports on the interaction of 50 and 210 nm polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs) with human serum albumin (HSA) and transferrin (Tf), as well as their effect on supported lipid bilayers (SLBs), using experimental and theoretical approaches. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements show that the increase in diameter for the PSNP‐protein bioconjugates depends on nanoparticle size and type of proteins. The circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy results demonstrate that the proteins preserve their structures when they interact with PSNPs at physiological temperatures. The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique reveals that PSNPs and their bioconjugates show no strong interactions with SLBs. On the contrary, the molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) show that both proteins bind strongly to the lipid bilayer (SLBs) when compared to their binding to a polystyrene surface model. The interaction is strongly dependent on the protein and lipid bilayer composition. Both the PSNPs and their bioconjugates show no toxicity in human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cells; however, bare 210 nm PSNPs and 50 nm PSNP‐Tf bioconjugates show an increase in reactive oxygen species production. This study may be relevant for assessing the impact of plastics on health.