bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging features of a new type double inferior vena cava malformation and review
Authors: Wu Yu-lin , Yang Guo-kai , Chen Qian , Tang Yi , Zhang Jian-hui , Wu Shao-jie , Cai Sen-lin , Zhou Yan-feng , Zhu Yao-Bin , Luo Jie-wei , Fang Zhu-ting 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background:Double inferior vena cava（DIVC）is a rare vascular malformation. With advances in radiological techniques and diagnosis, more and more types of DIVC were identified and diagnosed. Recognition of the variety of DIVC seen on imaging is essential for subsequent venous interventions.Case presentation:A 77-year-old man presented with low back pain with left lower limb pain for 1 month. Scattered petechiae above the skin surface on the left lower leg, especially on the extensor surface, with flaking and mild tingling of the skin, were noted 3 weeks ago. Colour Doppler ultrasound revealed deep vein thrombosis（DVT） in the left lower limb with bilateral common femoral and left saphenofemoral valve insufficiency. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) suggested no significant thrombus in the pulmonary artery. Computed tomography venography (CTV) of bilateral lower limbs suspected of iliac vein compression syndrome with formation of deep and superficial venous traffic branches in bilateral lower limbs, predominantly on the left side. CTV of the inferior vena cava（IVC） suggested that the left common iliac vein crossed the common iliac artery bifurcation from dorsal to ventral and continued to travel cranially as a ventral vessel, and connected with the ventral IVC anterior to the right common iliac artery. The right common iliac vein extended cephalad as a dorsal vessel, which was narrowed at the level of 4thlumbar vertebra by compression of the hyperplastic bone and the osteophyte. The patient was discharged after right and left common iliac vein angiography and balloon dilation of the left common iliac vein.Conclusion:The formation of both ventrally and dorsally aligned DIVC is rarer, which we consider being a newly discovered type V. Venous thrombosis of the lower limbs seems likely to be more closely associated with compression of the left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery. A definitive diagnosis of the type of DIVC malformation plays a crucial role in guiding interventional treatment.
Identification and expression analysis of the SPL transcription factor family in rye (Secale cereale L.) in response to abiotic stresses
Authors: Ren Yanyan , Ma Rui , Xie Muhua , Jin Pengfei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Squamous promoter binding protein-like (SPL) gene family, a typical class of plant transcription factors, plays an essential role in plant growth and developmental stages, signal transduction, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Given the rapid development of whole genome sequencing, the SPL gene family has been identified and characterized in many species. However, the identification or systematic analysis of SPL gene family in rye has not been reported yet.
Results
In this study, 21 SPL genes were identified for the first time, which were unevenly distributed on seven rye chromosomes. After analyzing the number of conserved structural domains and gene structure based on homology in Arabidopsis thaliana, these 21 genes were classified into seven subfamilies. To better understand the developmental mechanisms of the ScSPL gene family during evolution, six species closely related to rye were selected as comparative homology maps. These results revealed that fragment replication events regulated the expansion of the ScSPL gene family. In addition, the identification of promoters containing many hormone- and stress-responsive cis-acting elements suggested that the regulation of ScSPLs expression is complex. Most ScSPL genes might be involved in the MeJA and ABA responses with a potential abiotic function through ERF regulation. Finally, RT-qPCR evaluated the expression patterns of the 21 genes in different tissues, fruit developmental stages, three hormones and six different abiotic stresses.
Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify and characterize SPL genes in rye. This study demonstrated that ScSPL genes, especially ScSPL1, played a critical role in rye development and its response to various abiotic stresses.
Reduced CC chemokine receptor 4 expression after lenalidomide treatment for adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: a case report
Authors: Shimizu Masatomo , Yokote Taiji , Hatooka Jun , Kinoshita Yuuki , Imagawa Akihisa , Yasuda Emi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4), a chemokine receptor involved in leukocyte migration, is expressed in most tumor cells in patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Recent years, an anti-CCR4 monoclonal antibody is one of the newly developed treatment options of ATLL. Therefore CCR4 expression is important for clinical decision making in ATLL.
Case presentation
We report a 78-year-old man diagnosed with lymphoma type ATLL, which expressed CCR4. The patient was administered two cycles of lenalidomide but died due to sepsis five months after the diagnosis. On autopsy, ATLL cells were found at several sites, including mediastinal lymph nodes and spleen. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that these ATLL cells had reduced CCR4 expression although the expression levels of other markers were unchanged, suggesting that CCR4 expression on ATLL cells reduced after lenalidomide use.
Conclusions
Our patient suggests that treatment should be carefully determined in ATLL with reference to a history of lenalidomide use and CCR4 expression.
Assessment of Immunohistochemical Expression of CD44 in Colorectal Adenoma and Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: arafa rasha , elokda mohamed , Zidan Azza , Wagih heba 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a foremost global health concern and remains one of the major causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. It is the third most common cancer in adults after lung cancer and breast cancer worldwide. The theory that cancer originates from a subpopulation of tumor cells, named cancer stem cells (CSC), they have an important role of CSC in the initiation and maintenance of the tumor, as well as invasion, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Among CSC markers, CD44 is the most investigated colorectal CSC markers. This study aims to assess the immunohistochemical expression of CD44 in colorectal adenomas & CRCs. And its relation between immunohistochemical expression of CD44 with tumor differentiation (grading), lympho-vascular invasion, perineural invasion, desmoplasia and TNM stage.Methods this is a retrospective descriptive study that included Sixty paraffin embedded blocks from the pathology laboratory, Suez Canal University Hospital. Paraffin blocks included (14 cases of colorectal carcinoma and 18 cases of colorectal adenoma). paraffin blocks reviewed for clinicopathological prognostic factors and stained by CD44, monoclonal antibodies by immunohistochemical method.Results The CD44 protein was overexpressed in 80% of CRC, while was positive (44.4%) in adenoma this difference was statistically.Conclusions CD 44 is highly expressed in large number of CRC (80 of tumors). It is also significantly more expressed in CRC than in adenomas, suggesting a role of CD 44 in CRC tumorigenesis and progression of adenomas into carcinomas. Our study also associated CD 44 overexpression with both late TNM stage and lympho-vascular invasion.
Intracranial Hemorrhage Detection and Classification of its Subtypes using CNN, ResNet, Random Forest and DenseNet201
Authors: GHOSH ARUNANGSHU , CHANDA DURBAR , BHATTACHARYYA KOUSHIKK , SARKAR SONALI 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Intracranial haemorrhage is one of the most life-threatening conditions in which a person bleeds from or within the brain tissue and the skull. There are several types of intracranial haemorrhage like epidural haemorrhage, subdural haemorrhage, interventricular haemorrhage, intracerebral haemorrhage and lastly subarachnoid haemorrhage. This problem should be detected and treated as soon as possible otherwise it can cause death. A system is required in order to accurately identify patients and expedite the healing process. This research article proposes OT-DLRF (Otsu thresholding and deep learning with random forest classification) model for diagnosing and classifying the Intracranial haemorrhage. The performance of the model is dependent upon the combination model of CNN and DenseNet 201 and for the classification of the final output the Random Forest (RF) classifier is used. Model shows an accuracy of 99.6 percent for subdural, epidural, intra-parenchymal haemorrhage.
Comparison of the impact of three inspiratory muscle training programs on diaphragm strength and endurance in intubated and mechanically ventilated patients with difficult weaning : a multicentric randomized controlled trial
Authors: Réginault¹ Thomas , Alejos² Roberto Martinez , Burle³ Jean-françois , Coueron Roxane , Frison Eric , Vargas¹ Frédéric 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) consists of a resistive inspiratory maneuver through a pressure device comprising a unidirectional valve that hinders inspiration. IMT was found to significantly increase inspiratory muscle strength in adults undergoing invasive Mechanical ventilation (MV). Despite, it exists an important heterogeneity of IMT protocols, and it is unclear if it reduces MV duration. Furthermore, inspiratory muscles endurance is scantly evaluated while the assessment of this function may be fundamental for a successful weaning. In this multicentric controlled randomized parallel trial, we compared the effects of three different IMT protocols (low, high and mixed intensity ) on inspiratory muscle strength and endurance in difficult to wean patients in two intensive care units (ICU).
Methods: 92 subjects presenting difficult weaning were randomized in 3 groups to perform one IMT protocol twice daily. The primary outcome was the Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) increase in each group after successful extubation or 30-days. Secondary outcomes were Pressure peak increase (Ppk), as endurance marker, weaning duration, and safety.
Results: During the weaning process, the observed increase of MIP was 12.2 ±11.2 cmH2O in the mixed intensity group (EDRIC), 5.3 ±15.5 cmH2O in the low intensity group (CADER), and 6.8 ±15.1 cmH2O in the high intensity group (MARTIN). There was a non-statistically significant difference between EDRIC group and CADER group (mean adjusted difference: -6.65, 97.5%CI [-14.35; 1.04], p=0.052), neither between EDRIC group nor MARTIN group (mean adjusted difference: -3.67, 97.5%CI [-11.52; 4.18], p=0.289).
No significant difference in Ppk increase were observed between the three groups. Over 358 IMT sessions, only 3 serious adverse events (spontaneously reversible bradycardia) were considered possibly related to the study.
Conclusion: Independently of IMT protocol applied, MIP and Ppk seemed to improve in our cohort of difficult to wean patients. Ppk could be a helpful tool to assess diaphragm function exhaustively. EDRIC group showed a slightly higher efficacity.
Optimal Transport Approach to Michael-Simon-Sobolev Inequalities in Manifolds with Intermediate Ricci Curvature Lower Bounds
Authors: Wang Kai-Hsiang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We generalize McCann's theorem of optimal transport to a submanifold setting and use it to prove Michael-Simon-Sobolev inequalities for submanifolds in manifolds with lower bounds on intermediate Ricci curvatures. The results include a variant of the sharp Michael-Simon-Sobolev inequality in S. Brendle's [arXiv:2009.13717] when the intermediate Ricci curvatures are nonnegative.
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 53C21, 49Q22; Secondary 53C23.
Synergism of Curcumin and Doxorubicin Proves an Effective Anticancer Therapeutics Against Breast Cancer: An in vitro Study
Authors: Sarkar Esha , Khan Afreen , Ahmad Rumana , Misra Aparna , Dua Kamal , Mahdi Abbas Ali , Raza Tasleem 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: Curcumin is a polyphenol phyto-compound found in turmeric (Curcuma longa), which inhibits tumorigenesis by introducing apoptosis as well as by restricting cell survival and proliferation. This in vitro research article focuses on the pharmacodynamics interactions of Curcumin (Cur.) combined with the commercial drug Doxorubicin (Doxo.) to enhance the cytotoxicity of doxo. at lower doses against breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 with the chemo-protective effect against normal HEK-293. The synergism of two drugs is calculated based on the combination index (CI) and median-effect equation, calculated by the software Compusyn. In this study, we observed the dose-dependent cytotoxicity, increased ROS generation, down-regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and increased chromatin condensation in combination doses, compared to the single drugs. Moreover, the cell cycle arrest and overexpression of checkpoints regulatory genes ATM, CHEK2, BRCA1, BRCA2, and TP53 were observed for preventing cell proliferation.
Methodology: MTT analysis is performed to determine cell viability at different doses, ROS-generation is observed using DCFH-DA stained fluorescence images, reducing MMP is detected by Rhodamine123 staining method, condensation of DNA is detected by Hoechst33342 stained photomicrographs, apoptosis analysis is performed by both AO/EtBr staining and Annexin-V/FITC & PI flow cytometry. To validate the findings, mRNA expression of cell-cycle check-point markers is quantified by rt-qPCR.
Result & Conclusion: The calculated combination dose showing maximum growth inhibition is 33.117µM Cur. + 0.331µM Doxo. against MDA-MB-231 and 14.361µM Cur. + 0.14361µM Doxo. against MCF-7 with negligible toxicity against normal HEK-293 cells. Significant increase in mRNA expressions of TP53, BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, and CHEK2 genes (Ct-value) were evident with G0/G1 and S-phase cell cycle arrest. Thus, Curcumin synergistically chemo-sensitizes the anticancer activity of Doxorubicin and enhances the responses towards conventional chemo-therapy attenuating breast cancer
MoO2 -MoS2@PANI composite material is used as the anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Xu Huanting , Jiang Chaokui , Ye Wenbin , Xiong Deping , Chen Li , Feng Zuyong , Wen Kunhua , Li Zhaoying , He Miao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The hetero structured arrangement of metal sulfide/oxide is of paramount importance in dictating the electrochemical characteristics of anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this investigation, a synthesized composite material, integrating molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and molybdenum dioxide (MoO2) intercalated within polyaniline (PANI) under hydrothermal conditions, was employed. Within the granulated MoO2-MoS2@PANI composite, PANI acts as an efficacious matrix, effectively mitigating the re-agglomeration and pulverization of MoS2-MoO2 during prolonged cycling processes. Concomitantly, the cooperative effects among the MoS2, MoO2, and PANI constituents manifest in copious active sites and shortened ion transport pathways. As an anode material for LIBs, the MoO2-MoS2@PANI sample exhibits exemplary cycling performance, delivering a remarkable capacity of 860 mAh g−1 even after enduring 500 cycles at a rate of 0.1 A g−1. Furthermore, when scrutinized in a sodium-ion battery (LIB) at a rate of 2 A g−1, it demonstrates exceptional cycling performance, retaining a capacity of 490 mAh g−1 even after 1000 cycles.
A standardized method to functionalize plasma-extracellular vesicles via copper-free click chemistry for targeted drug delivery strategies
Authors: Ciferri Maria Chiara , Bruno Silvia , Rosenwasser Nicole , Gorgun Cansu , Reverberi Daniele , Gagliani Maria Cristina , Cortese Katia , Grange Cristina , Bussolati Benedetta , Quarto Rodolfo , Tasso Roberta 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as potential vehicles for targeted drug delivery and diagnostic applications. However, achieving consistent and reliable functionalization of EV membranes remains a challenge. Copper-catalyzed click chemistry, commonly used for EV surface modification, poses limitations due to cytotoxicity and interference with biological systems. To overcome these limitations, we developed a standardized method for functionalizing EV membrane via copper-free click chemistry. EVs derived from plasma hold immense potential as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. However, the isolation and functionalization of EVs from such a complex biofluid represents a considerable challenge.
Results: We compared three different EV isolation methods to obtain an EV suspension with an optimal purity/yield ratio, and we identified sucrose cushion ultracentrifugation (sUC) as the ideal protocol. We then optimized the reaction conditions to successfully functionalize plasma-EV surface through a copper-free click chemistry strategy with a fluorescently labeled azide, used as a proof-of-principle molecule. Click-EVs maintained their identity, size, and, more importantly, the capacity to be efficiently uptaken by responder tumor cells. Moreover, once internalized, click-EVs partially followed the endosomal recycling route.
Conclusions: The optimized reaction conditions and characterization techniques presented in this study offer a foundation for future investigations and applications of functionalized EVs in drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
Rose Curves
Authors: Sošić Milena 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper we study the rose curves in the polar coordinate system. Therefore, we first briefly describe their shape in the context of shapes in nature, architecture and also in cuisine. Then we describe the biography of Luigi Guido Grandi, who was the first to define the rose curve. We also introduce the polar coordinate system and explain how each point is related to the radial coordinate (or radius) and the angular coordinate (or polar angle), both called polar coordinates. We explain in detail the polar equation of a rose curve, where the radius is defined as the cosine function of the polar angle multiplied by a real constant called the angular frequency, which is considered here as a positive real number. In this way, we have considered the angular frequency as a positive integer (odd or even), as a positive rational number in the form of an irreducible fraction, or as a positive irrational number. We have explained and shown by some pictures that a rose curve is usually complete for any continuous interval subset of the set of real numbers, whose length depends on the angular frequency. In fact, a rose curve is incomplete only if the angular frequency is an irrational number.
MSC Classification: 51A50 , 53A04 , 97G60 , 97I20
Cucumber mosaic virus RNA replicase is essential for systemic infection in Brassica juncea
Authors: Park Tae-Seon , Min Dong-Joo , Park Ji-Soo , Hong Jin-Sung 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Brassica juncea belongs to the Brassicaceae family and is used as both an oilseed and vegetable crop. As only a few studies have reported on the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in B. juncea, we conducted this study to fill this gap.
Methods
CMV-Co6, for which systemic infection was confirmed in B. juncea and non-infectious CMV-Rs1 were used. To identify the determinants of systemic infection in B. juncea, we first constructed infectious clones of CMV-Co6 and CMV-Rs1 and used them as pseudorecombinants. Subsequently, the amino acids of the 2a and 2b proteins were compared, and a chimeric clone was constructed.
Results
RNA2 of CMV was identified as an important determinant in B. juncea because B. juncea were systemically infected with RNA2-containing pseudorecombinants, CMV-Co6, R/6/R, and R/6/6, were systemically infected B. juncea. The chimeric virus R/6Rns/R6cp, in which the C-terminal region of the 2a protein of CMV-Co6 is replaced by CMV-Rs1, still infects B. juncea.
Conclusions
It is the 2a protein that determines the systemic CMV infection in B. juncea, suggesting that conserved 160G and 214A play a role in systemic CMV infection in B. juncea.
A supervised home-based exercise program for breast cancer survivors' functional performance (Home-PAC): a pilot study
Authors: Ramos Pedro G.F. , Júdice Pedro B. , Valadas Gabriela , Bento Alexandra , Nobre Inês , Rodrigues Bruno , Carraça Eliana V. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction. Hormonal therapy has adverse effects that hinder breast cancer survivors' functional performance and quality of life. Physical activity (PA) can counteract these adverse effects, and home-based exercise interventions might be a potential solution to foster PA adoption in this population. This study aimed to investigate home-based exercise intervention effects on functional performance, quality of life and PA of breast cancer survivors’ undergoing hormonal therapy. Adherence to the intervention and adverse events were also reported.
Method. This study was a 12-week randomised controlled trial comprising a home-based exercise intervention supported by an exercise booklet including six exercise groups and a weekly online exercise group session. Eighteen women were recruited from Hospital Universitário do Barlavento Algarvio.
Results. Significant time-by-group effects in functional performance (sit-to-stand (p=.033), arm curl (p=.011), and timed up-and-go (.009) tests), quality of life (insomnia (p=.007) and breast symptoms (p=.035)), and PA (vigorous PA (p=.033), walking (p=.005), and total PA (p=.034)), favouring the intervention group were found. Attendance to the supervised component of the program was high (80%).
Conclusion. This home-based exercise intervention was well tolerated and accepted by participants and led to significant improvements in functional performance and PA levels. These findings further support the effectiveness of this type of intervention, which is a more affordable and viable strategy to raise PA levels and enhance functional performance in breast cancer survivors. Exercise professionals may use these programs to promote active lifestyles while reducing barriers to practice.
Jordanian medical students’ perspective on the impact of a Pass/Fail USMLE Step 1: A Cross-Sectional Investigation
Authors: Ghazzal Hamza Asad , Omar Yousef , Jaber Dunia Z. , Melhem Rahaf , Alzoraiqi Ibrahim , Toubasi Ahmad A. , Kalbouneh Heba 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose of the study: to discuss Jordanian medical students’ perspective on USMLE step 1 pass/fail score and its impact on their clinical future.
Study Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students at all six schools of medicine in Jordan. An online self-administered questionnaire was used, consisting of 33 questions assessing the participants’ sociodemographics, socioacademics, intentions to apply for the USMLE step 1 exam and their attitudes toward the conversion of USMLE step 1 to pass/fail scoring system.
Results: A total number of 504 medical students completed the survey. Among participating students, 44.4% agreed that USMLE should be pass/fail, while only 26.8% were against it. Furthermore, 82.3% of the students agreed that by this change, Step 2 CK will carry more weight in selecting applicants for residency. Moreover, 86.7% of respondents believed that more students will participate in research activities which were ranked as the second most important item for residency matching.
Conclusion: Converting USMLE step 1 scoring system to a pass/fail score will likely increase the weight of Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK) score as well as on the research experience for selecting applicants for residency.