bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Great balls of FIRE – I. The formation of star clusters across cosmic time in a Milky Way-mass galaxy
Authors: Grudić Michael Y , Hafen Zachary , Rodriguez Carl L , Guszejnov Dávid , Lamberts Astrid , Wetzel Andrew , Boylan-Kolchin Michael , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The properties of young star clusters formed within a galaxy are thought to vary in different interstellar medium conditions, but the details of this mapping from galactic to cluster scales are poorly understood due to the large dynamic range involved in galaxy and star cluster formation. We introduce a new method for modelling cluster formation in galaxy simulations: mapping giant molecular clouds (GMCs) formed self-consistently in a FIRE-2 magnetohydrodynamic galaxy simulation on to a cluster population according to a GMC-scale cluster formation model calibrated to higher resolution simulations, obtaining detailed properties of the galaxy’s star clusters in mass, metallicity, space, and time. We find $\sim 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of all stars formed in the galaxy originate in gravitationally bound clusters overall, and this fraction increases in regions with elevated Σgas and ΣSFR, because such regions host denser GMCs with higher star formation efficiency. These quantities vary systematically over the history of the galaxy, driving variations in cluster formation. The mass function of bound clusters varies – no single Schechter-like or power-law distribution applies at all times. In the most extreme episodes, clusters as massive as 7 × 106 M⊙ form in massive, dense clouds with high star formation efficiency. The initial mass–radius relation of young star clusters is consistent with an environmentally dependent 3D density that increases with Σgas and ΣSFR. The model does not reproduce the age and metallicity statistics of old ($\gt 11\rm Gyr$) globular clusters found in the Milky Way, possibly because it forms stars more slowly at z &gt; 3.
TXS 1433+205: The most distant gamma-ray emitting FR II radio galaxy
Authors: Paliya Vaidehi S , Saikia D J , Stalin C S 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The orientation of the jet axis to the line of sight of the observer plays a major role in explaining the phenomena observed from blazars and radio galaxies. In the γ-ray band, only a handful of radio galaxies have been identified, all being located in the nearby Universe (z &lt; 0.5). Here, we report the identification of 4FGL J1435.5+2021, associated with TXS 1433+205, as a Fanaroff–Riley type II (FR II) radio galaxy at a considerably higher redshift of z = 0.748, thereby making it the most distant γ-ray detected radio galaxy known as of now. The Very Large Array Sky Survey data at 3 GHz resolves the source morphology into a bright core, a jet and two hotspots, with a total end-to-end projected length between lobe extremities of ∼170 kpc. The optical and radio properties of this enigmatic object suggest it to be a high-excitation FR II radio galaxy. The multiwavelength behaviour of TXS 1433+205 is found to be similar to other γ-ray detected FR II sources but is at the high-luminosity end. We suggest that the ongoing and upcoming high-resolution radio surveys will lead to the identification of many more high-redshift radio galaxies in the γ-ray sky, thus allowing comprehensive studies of misaligned relativistic jets.
A rare presentation of rapidly progressing myopathy in an adolescent
Authors: Pepys Jack , Borchert Robin J , Thambirajah Narmathy , Daruwalla Cyrus , Apostolopoulos Dimitrios , O’Donovan Dominic G , Ham Timothy , Brierley Charlotte 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a case of severe juvenile dermatomyositis with limited response to steroids in an adolescent who developed symptoms within hours after receiving Pfizer BNT162b2 coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine. The patient presented with severe weakness of proximal muscles, dyspnoea, and tachycardia. His muscle enzymes were raised, and he was diagnosed with severe juvenile dermatomyositis following magnetic resonance imaging and muscle biopsy. His management was challenging, requiring multidisciplinary input, and difficult decisions with regard to the appropriate immunomodulatory treatments. The patient had to undergo escalating immunosuppressive treatments before he began to recover clinically and biochemically. To our knowledge, this is the first case in an adolescent although a few cases of similar presentations following coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination have been reported in adults. Elucidating the potential relationship of the vaccine with this severe myopathy in an adolescent is important for global vaccination policies, but avoiding the conflation of association with causation is also crucial in the context of the pandemic.
Analysis of copper-induced protein precipitation across the E. coli proteome
Authors: Robison Amy T R , Sturrock Grace R , Zaengle-Barone Jacqueline M , Wiebelhaus Nancy , Dharani Azim , Williams Isabella G , Fitzgerald Michael C , Franz Katherine J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Metal cations have been exploited for their precipitation properties in a wide variety of studies, ranging from differentiating proteins from serum and blood to identifying the protein targets of drugs. Despite widespread recognition of this phenomenon, the mechanisms of metal-induced protein aggregation have not been fully elucidated. Recent studies have suggested that copper's (Cu) ability to induce protein aggregation may be a main contributor to Cu-induced cell death. Here, we provide the first proteome-wide analysis of the relative sensitivities of proteins across the Escherichia coli proteome to Cu-induced aggregation. We utilize a metal-induced protein precipitation (MiPP) methodology that relies on quantitative bottom–up proteomics to define the metal concentration–dependent precipitation properties of proteins on a proteomic scale. Our results establish that Cu far surpasses other metals in promoting protein aggregation and that the protein aggregation is reversible upon metal chelation. The bulk of the Cu bound in the protein aggregates is Cu1+, regardless of the Cu2+ source. Analysis of our MiPP data allows us to investigate underlying biophysical characteristics that determine a protein's sensitivity to Cu-induced aggregation, which is independent of the relative concentration of protein in the lysate. Overall, this analysis provides new insights into the mechanism behind Cu cytotoxicity, as well as metal cation–induced protein aggregation.
Clustering analysis identifies two subgroups of women with fibromyalgia with different psychological, cognitive, health-related, and physical features but similar widespread pressure pain sensitivity
Authors: Fernández-de-las-Peñas César , Valera-Calero Juan Antonio , Arendt-Nielsen Lars , Martín-Guerrero José D , Cigarán-Méndez Margarita , Navarro-Pardo Esperanza , Pellicer-Valero Oscar J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
Given that identification of groups of patients can help to better understand risk factors related to each group and to improve personalized therapeutic strategies, this study aimed to identify subgroups (clusters) of women with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) according to pain, pain-related disability, neurophysiological, cognitive, health, psychological, or physical features.

Methods
Demographic, pain, sensory, pain-related disability, psychological, health, cognitive, and physical variables were collected in 113 women with FMS. Widespread pressure pain thresholds were also assessed. K-means clustering was used to identify groups of women without any previous assumption.

Results
Two clusters exhibiting similar widespread sensitivity to pressure pain (pressure pain thresholds) but differing in the remaining variables were identified. Overall, women in one cluster exhibited higher pain intensity and pain-related disability; more sensitization-associated and neuropathic pain symptoms; higher kinesiophobia, hypervigilance, and catastrophism levels; worse sleep quality; higher anxiety/depressive levels; lower health-related function; and worse physical function than women in the other cluster.

Conclusions
Cluster analysis identified one group of women with FMS exhibiting worse sensory, psychological, cognitive, and health-related features. Widespread sensitivity to pressure pain seems to be a common feature of FMS. The present results suggest that this group of women with FMS might need to be treated differently.
Rationality is Not Coherence
Authors: Heinzelmann Nora 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
According to a popular account, rationality is a kind of coherence of an agent’s mental states and, more specifically, a matter of fulfilling norms of coherence. For example, in order to be rational, an agent is required to intend to do what they judge they ought to and can do. This norm has been called ‘Enkrasia’. Another norm requires that, ceteris paribus, an agent retain their intention over time. This has been called ‘Persistence of Intention’. This paper argues that thus understood norms of rationality may at times conflict. More specifically, Enkrasia and Persistence of Intention may place demands on the agent that are impossible to fulfil. In these cases, the framework of requirements does not provide us with norms that make us rational. A rival account, according to which rationality is a kind of responsiveness to one’s available reasons, can overcome the problem.
Incidence of septic arthritis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis following TNF inhibitor therapy
Authors: Kim Hyung Woo , Han Minkyung , Jung Inkyung , Ahn Sung Soo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Septic arthritis (SA) is a serious complication occurring in the joints, and its risk increases with immunosuppressive therapy. This study investigated whether TNF inhibitors increase the risk of SA in patients with AS and seropositive RA (SPRA).

Methods
We searched the South Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database for incident cases of AS and SPRA between 2010 and 2020. SA was defined using the diagnostic code M00 and hospital admission. Cox-proportional hazards analysis was conducted to compare the incidence of SA according to TNF inhibitor (infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab/golimumab) use during follow-up.

Results
Of the 145 129 patients analysed, 1170 (0.8%) developed SA during the follow-up period. Older age; male sex; SPRA diagnosis; comorbidities of hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic pulmonary disease (CPD); and infliximab and etanercept use increased the incidence of SA in the overall population. However, in patients with AS, only age and renal disease were predictors of SA, and TNF inhibitors did not increase the incidence of SA. Meanwhile, patients with SPRA treated with TNF inhibitors were prone to SA regardless of TNF inhibitor type, and age, HTN, DM and CPD were associated with SA. The incidence of SA was prominent after the first year of commencing TNF inhibitor therapy, for both AS and SPRA.

Conclusion
TNF inhibitors increase the incidence of SA, specifically in patients with SPRA, but not AS. Importantly, age, comorbidities and the early time period after starting TNF inhibitors were associated with SA, which should be considered simultaneously when initiating TNF inhibitor therapy.
Do All Pediatric Femoral Shaft Fractures Need a Computed Tomography Scan of the Ipsilateral Femoral Neck? Calculating the Incidence of Concomitant Femoral Neck and Shaft Fractures
Authors: Pradhan Pratik , Townsend Tracy K. , Cook Danielle , Feldman Lanna , Canizares Maria Fernanda , Watkins Colyn , Shore Benjamin J. 
Published: December 2022

Background:In adults, the incidence of ipsilateral femoral neck fractures in the setting of femoral shaft fractures is reported to be as high as 9%; however, scant literature exists on the same clinical scenario in pediatric/adolescent populations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of ipsilateral femoral neck fracture in the setting of femoral shaft fractures in children and adolescents treated in pediatric hospitals across the United States.Methods:The Pediatric Health Information System database was queried for patients aged 18 years or younger who were treated for a femoral neck, femoral shaft, and pertrochanteric femur fractures through an emergency department, inpatient, ambulatory surgery, or observation visit. Patients were identified using ICD-9 and ICD-10 diagnosis codes. Data from 49 pediatric hospitals between the years 2002 and 2020 were included. Incidence was calculated as the number of cases including the event divided by the total number of cases.Results:A total of 90,146 records were identified from a cohort of 55,733,855 (0.16%). Distal femur fractures, pathologic fractures, and periprosthetic fractures were excluded, resulting in 65,651 unique cases. Of the 65,651 cases, 7104 (11%) were identified as isolated neck fractures. The combined incidence of femoral neck or pertrochanteric femur fractures in the setting of a femoral shaft fracture was 82.3 per 10,000 cases (0.82%). Only 283 cases of concomitant femoral neck and shaft fractures were found among 55,169 femoral shaft fractures (0.5%).Conclusions:The incidence of ipsilateral femoral neck or pertrochanteric femur fractures in the setting of a femoral shaft fracture is 82.3 per 10,000 patients (0.82%) based on data from Pediatric Health Information System-participating institutions. The incidence of femoral neck/pertrochanteric femur fractures and femoral shaft fractures in children and adolescents is more than 10 times lower than reported for adults; therefore, the routine use of advanced diagnostic imaging in pediatric patients with femoral shaft fractures should be considered cautiously.Level of Evidence:Level IV; cross-sectional analysis.
Vitamin D deficiency in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Mullin Monica L.L. , Milne Stephen 
Published: December 2022

Purpose of review
There is biological and epidemiological evidence supporting a role for vitamin D in the respiratory system, and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) may be associated with poor health outcomes in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This review summarizes recent findings relevant to the role of vitamin D in COPD.

Recent findings
The prevalence of VDD in people with COPD may be underestimated. Treatment of severe VDD [serum 25(OH)D3 < 10 ng/ml] may reduce the risk of COPD exacerbations. Vitamin D supplementation may also improve functional capacity and quality of life in people with COPD. However, there is no strong evidence that vitamin D supplementation slows the decline in lung function.

Summary
Although there are many known associations between vitamin D and COPD outcomes, the causal nature of these associations and the precise benefits of vitamin D supplementation remain unclear. High-quality randomized controlled trials are necessary.
First-in-human free-flap tissue reconstruction using a dedicated microsurgical robotic platform
Authors: Innocenti Marco , Malzone Gerardo , Menichini Giulio 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Microsurgery has become standard of care for increasingly complex techniques in tissue harvest, replantation, reconstruction, allotransplantation, and supermicrosurgery on submillimetric vessels. As techniques become more and more challenging, and are performed at smaller and smaller scale, there is greater potential application for robotic assistance in extreme motion scaling and tremor reduction.

Methods:
The Symani Surgical System (Medical Microinstruments, S.p.A, Calci, Pisa, Italy), a robotic platform designed for microsurgery, was used in a robotic-assisted microsurgical free-flap reconstruction using a perforator-to-perforator flap technique. This procedure employed robotic-assisted anastomosis of an artery and vein.

Findings:
The procedure was completed successfully, with vessels fully patent immediately following and 20 minutes after anastomosis. The flap was viable, no re-exploration of the anastomosis was necessary postoperatively and no flap loss occurred.

Interpretation:
This novel, dedicated robotic platform with wristed microsurgical instruments was shown to be feasible for carrying out robotic-assisted anastomosis of veins and arteries below 0.8mm in diameter, in the domain of supermicrosurgery. The system has the potential to open the field of microsurgery to new clinicians and to facilitate new microsurgical applications that were previously rendered inaccessible by the limits of manual precision and physiological tremor.

Funding:
The Symani System was loaned to the Plastic, Reconstructive and Microsurgery unit at CTO Careggi University Hospital by MMI SpA, and the necessary robotic instrumentation was provided free of charge for use in this case.
IDENTIFICATION OF SUBPHENOTYPES OF SEPSIS-ASSOCIATED LIVER DYSFUNCTION USING CLUSTER ANALYSIS
Authors: Miao He , Cui Zhigang , Guo Zhaotian , Chen Qianhui , Su Wantin , Sun Yongqiang , Sun Mu , Ma Xiaochun , Ding Renyu 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives: We attempted to identify and validate the subphenotypes of sepsis-associated liver dysfunction (SALD) using routine clinical information. Design: This article is a retrospective observational cohort study. Setting: We used the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database and the eICU Collaborative Research Database. Patients: We included adult patients (age ≥18 years) who developed SALD within the first 48 hours of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. We excluded patients who died or were discharged from the ICU within the first 48 hours of admission. Patients with abnormal liver function before ICU admission were also excluded. Measurements and Main Results: Patients in the MIMIC-IV 1.0 database served as a derivation cohort. Patients in the eICU database were used as validation cohort. We identified four subphenotypes of SALD (subphenotype α, β, γ, δ) using K-means cluster analysis in 5234 patients in derivation cohort. The baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared between the phenotypes using one-way analysis of variance/Kruskal-Wallis test and the χ2 test. Moreover, we used line charts to illustrate the trend of liver function parameters over 14 days after ICU admission. Subphenotype α (n = 1,055) was the most severe cluster, characterized by shock with multiple organ dysfunction (MODS) group. Subphenotype β (n = 1,179) had the highest median bilirubin level and the highest proportion of patients with underlying liver disease and coexisting coagulopathy (increased bilirubin group). Subphenotype γ (n = 1,661) was the cluster with the highest mean age and had the highest proportion of patients with chronic kidney disease (aged group). Subphenotype δ (n = 1,683) had the lowest 28-day and in-hospital mortality (mild group). The characteristics of clusters in the validation cohort were similar to those in the derivation cohort. In addition, we were surprised to find that GGT levels in subphenotype δ were significantly higher than in other subphenotypes, showing a different pattern from bilirubin. Conclusions: We identified four subphenotypes of SALD that presented with different clinical features and outcomes. These results can provide a valuable reference for understanding the clinical characteristics and associated outcomes to improve the management of patients with SALD in the ICU.
Rare Dysfunctional Complement Factor I Genetic Variants and Progression to Advanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Seddon Johanna M. , Rosner Bernard , De Dikha , Huan Tianxiao , Java Anuja , Atkinson John 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTPURPOSETo evaluate associations between rare dysfunctional Complement Factor I (CFI) genetic variant status and progression to advanced age-related macular degeneration (AAMD), geographic atrophy (GA) and neovascular disease (NV).DESIGNProspective, longitudinal studyPARTICIPANTSPatients aged 55-80 years at baseline identifying as white with non-advanced AMD in one or both eyes at baseline were included. Follow-up grades were assigned as early, intermediate, or AAMD (GA or NV).CFIvariants were categorized using genotyping and sequencing platforms.METHODSAnalyses were performed using the Seddon Longitudinal Cohort Study (N = 2116 subjects, 3901 eyes, mean follow-up 8.3 years) and the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (N = 2837 subjects, 5200 eyes, mean follow-up 9.2 years).CFIrare variants associated with low serum factor I (FI) protein levels and decreased FI function (type 1), other AMD genetic variants, demographic, behavioral, and ocular factors were evaluated. Generalized Estimating Equations methods were used to assess the association betweenCFIrare variants and progression, independent of other genetic variants and covariates.MAIN OUTCOMEProgression to AAMD, GA, or NV.RESULTSIn the prospective cohort of 4953 subjects (9101 eyes with non-advanced AMD at baseline), 1% were type 1 rareCFIcarriers. Over 12 years, progression to AAMD was 44% for carriers and 20% for non-carriers (P <0.001) while 30% of carriers versus 10% of non-carriers progressed to GA (P < 0.001); 18% of carriers compared to 11% of non-carriers progressed to NV (P = 0.049).CFIcarriers were more likely to have a family history of AMD (P for trend = 0.035) and a higher baseline AMD grade (P<0.001). After adjusting for all covariates,CFIcarrier status was associated with progression to GA (OR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.03, 3.52) but not NV (OR = 0.96). Higher BMI was associated with progression amongCFIcarriers (BMI ≥25 vs <25; OR = 5.8; 95% CI 1.5, 22.3), but not for non-carriers (OR = 1.1; 95% CI = 0.9, 1.3), with P_interaction = 0.011.CONCLUSIONSResults suggest that carriers of rare dysfunctional type 1CFIvariants are at higher risk for progression to AAMD with GA.PRÉCISRare dysfunctional Complement Factor I (CFI) genetic variants are associated with a family history of AMD and increased risk of progression to advanced dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with geographic atrophy.
Deep learning Model for Recognizing Monkey Pox based on Dense net-121 Algorithm
Authors: Torky Mohamed , Bakheit Ali , Bakry Mohamed , Hassanien Aboul Ella 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhile the world is trying to get rid of the Covid 19 pandemic, the beginning of the monkeypox(MPX) pandemic has recently appeared and is threatening many countries of the world. MPX is a rare disease caused by infection with the MPX virus, and it is among the same family of pox viruses. The danger is that MPX causes pustules all over the body, which causes a revolting view to the body regions and works as a source of infection in case of skin contact between individuals. Pustules and rashes are common symptoms of many pox viruses and other skin diseases such as Measles, chicken pox, syphilis, Eczema, etc, Therefore, the medical and clinical diagnosis of monkeypox is one of the great challenges for doctors and specialists. In response to this need, Artificial intelligence can develop aid systems based on machine and deep learning algorithms for diagnosing these types of diseases based on datasets of skin images to those types of diseases. In this paper, a deep learning approach called Dense Net-121model is applied, tested, and compared with the convolution neural network (CNN) model for diagnosing monkeypox through a skin image dataset of MPX and Measles images. The most significant finding to emerge from this study is the superiority of the Dense Net-121 model over CNN in diagnosing MPX cases with a testing accuracy of 93%. These findings suggest a role for using more deep learning algorithms for accurately diagnosing MPX cases with bigger datasets of similar pustules and rashes diseases.