bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable groundwater development in the coastal Tra Vinh province in Vietnam under saltwater intrusion and climate change
Authors: Van Tuc Dang , Zhou Yangxiao , Stigter Tibor Y. , Van Tuan Pham , Hong Hai Dao , Uyen Thanh Dong , Tran Vuong Bui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThree-dimensional transient groundwater flow and saltwater transport models were constructed to assess the impacts of groundwater abstraction and climate change on the coastal aquifer of Tra Vinh province (Vietnam). The groundwater flow model was calibrated with groundwater levels (2007–2016) measured in 13 observation wells. The saltwater transport model was compared with the spatial distribution of total dissolved solids. Model performance was evaluated by comparing observed and simulated groundwater levels. The projected rainfalls from two climate models (MIROC5 and CRISO Mk3.6) were subsequently used to simulate possible effects of climate changes. The simulation revealed that groundwater is currently depleted due to overabstraction. Towards the future, groundwater storage will continue to be depleted with the current abstraction regime, further worsening in the north due to saltwater intrusion from inland trapped saltwater and on the coast due to seawater intrusion. Notwithstanding, the impact from climate change may be limited, with the computed groundwater recharge from the two climate models revealing no significant change from 2017 to 2066. Three feasible mitigation scenarios were analyzed: (1) reduced groundwater abstraction by 25, 35 and 50%, (2) increased groundwater recharge by 1.5 and 2 times in the sand dunes through managed aquifer recharge (reduced abstraction will stop groundwater-level decline, while increased recharge will restore depleted storage), and (3) combining 50% abstraction reduction and 1.5 times recharge increase in sand dune areas. The results show that combined interventions of reducing abstraction and increasing recharge are necessary for sustainable groundwater resources development in Tra Vinh province.
Vergleich der Wirksamkeit der anterioren thalamischen Stimulation in einer europäischen Registerstudie mit Zulassungsdaten
Authors: Imbach L. , Kaufmann E. , Schulze-Bonhage A. 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Neben den Zulassungsdaten der SANTE-Studie sind seit Kurzem auch die Ergebnisse der MORE-Registerstudie zur anterioren Thalamusstimulation (ANT-DBS) verfügbar.

Fragestellung
In welchen Aspekten unterscheiden sich die Daten der Zulassungs- und Registerstudie zur ANT-DBS?

Methoden
Es wurde ein literaturbasierter Vergleich der 2‑Jahres-Outcomes der prospektiven, randomisierten SANTE-Studie an 110 Patienten und des prospektiven, nicht randomisierten MORE-Registers von 170 Patienten vorgenommen. Die Daten wurden analysiert hinsichtlich Patientenselektion, perioperativem Vorgehen, Stimulationseinstellung, therapeutischen Effekten und Sicherheitsaspekten.

Ergebnisse
Die mediane 2‑Jahres-Anfallsfrequenzreduktionsrate bleibt in der europäischen MORE-Studie deutlich hinter den Ergebnissen der SANTE-Studie (33 % vs. 56 %) zurück. Auch in der Subgruppe von Temporallappenepilepsien war die Anfallsreduktion mit 33 % nicht höher. Kognitiv beeinträchtige Patienten hatten mit einer medianen Anfallsreduktion von 26 % tendenziell ein schlechteres Outcome als Patienten mit normaler Kognition (36 % mediane Anfallsfrequenzreduktion). Zwischen MORE- und SANTE-Studie bestanden einige Unterschiede in der Patientenselektion und Methodik. So wurden in der SANTE-Studie prozentual mehr Patienten mit unifokaler Epilepsie (p = 0,007) mit temporalem Anfallsursprung (p = 0,0005) und häufigeren fokal zu bilateral tonisch-klonischen Anfällen (p = 0,02) eingeschlossen und Patienten mit Intelligenzminderung exkludiert (p < 0,0001). In der MORE-Studie wurde nicht nur trans-, sondern teils auch extraventrikulär implantiert, wobei die erzielten therapeutischen Effekte von der Expertise des behandelnden Zentrums abhängig waren. Die Stimulationsparameter und beobachteten Nebenwirkungen waren in beiden Studien vergleichbar.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Registerdaten bestätigen die sichere und effektive Anwendung der ANT-DBS bei pharmakoresistenter Epilepsie. Sie reflektieren den klinischen Alltag der ANT-DBS-Therapie, wobei die Ergebnisse hinter der Zulassungsstudie zurückbleiben, sich aber im Bereich alternativer Neurostimulationsverfahren für Epilepsie bewegen. Mögliche Erklärungsansätze für die beobachteten Unterschiede liegen v. a. in den differenten Patientenkollektiven und den unterschiedlichen Implantationsmethoden.
Neurostimulation und Schlaf bei Epilepsie
Authors: Voges Berthold , Imbach Lukas 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Chronische Schlafstörung verschlechtert den Therapieerfolg bei Epilepsie. Beide in Europa zugelassenen epileptologischen Stimulationsverfahren können als Nebenwirkung Schlafstörung induzieren.

Ziel der Arbeit
Information über potenzielle Interaktionen zwischen Tiefer Hirnstimulation (THS) („deep brain stimulation“, DBS) am anterioren Nukleus des Thalamus (ANT) und Schlaf bzw. zwischen Vagusnervstimulation (VNS) und Schlaf, und über die Möglichkeiten damit etwaig verbundene Störungen und Komplikationen zu vermeiden.

Material und Methoden
Wir geben einen Überblick über die aktuelle Literatur, mit Darstellung eigener klinischer Erfahrungen und Erkenntnisse für Diagnostik und Therapie aus zwei Epilepsiezentren mit Kohorten an Patienten mit epileptologischer Neurostimulaton.

Ergebnisse
Bei der ANT-DBS und auch bei der VNS lassen sich stimulationskorrelierte, wahrscheinlich dosisabhängige Schlafstörungen nachweisen. Als Grund hierfür wird bei der DBS eine akzidentielle Mitstimulation des „ascending reticular arousal system“ gemutmaßt, bei der VNS einerseits ein indirekter Effekt über Induktion von schlafbezogenen Atemstörungen und andererseits ein direkter Effekt durch Stimulation noradenderger und dopaminerger, Arousal-induzierender Systeme in Pons und Mittelhirn. Eine Absenkung der Stimulationsstärken, Veränderungen der Stimulationsparameter und Lokalisation der aktiven Stimulation werden – zwecks Abhilfe – bei der DBS diskutiert. Bei VNS-induzierter Schlafstörung kann eine nächtliche Absenkung der Stimulation („Bilevel-Therapie“) angeboten werden.

Schlussfolgerung
Bei derzeit noch spärlicher Datenlage scheint eine Optimierung der Therapieschemata bei VNS und THS wichtig, um nicht deren potenzielle antikonvulsive Effekte durch Induktion von Schlaffragmentierung zu antagonisieren.
Second Birth Fertility in Germany: Social Class, Gender, and the Role of Economic Uncertainty
Authors: Kreyenfeld Michaela , Konietzka Dirk , Lambert Philippe , Ramos Vincent Jerald 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBuilding on a thick strand of the literature on the determinants of higher-order births, this study uses a gender and class perspective to analyse second birth progression rates in Germany. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel from 1990 to 2020, individuals are classified based on their occupation into: upper service, lower service, skilled manual/higher-grade routine nonmanual, and semi-/unskilled manual/lower-grade routine nonmanual classes. Results highlight the “economic advantage” of men and women in service classes who experience strongly elevated second birth rates. Finally, we demonstrate that upward career mobility post-first birth is associated with higher second birth rates, particularly among men.
The Role of Gender Differences in Partnering and Re-partnering for Gender Differences in Completed Fertility
Authors: Andersson Linus 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIndividuals increasingly enter a series of relationships during their reproductive years. As births in higher-order unions increase, fertility becomes partially contingent on re-partnering. Previous research suggests that men re-partner at higher rates than women. This study analyzes whether gender differences in partnering and re-partnering influence gender differences in cohort fertility. We use Finnish register data on all births, marriages, and cohabitations between the ages of 18 and 47 over four full birth cohorts. The gender differences in cohort fertility rate are decomposed into components due to birth rate differences and a compositional component owing to gender differences in the share partnered and re-partnered. We observe no impact of “re-partnering premium” on male fertility. Men have marginally higher re-partnering rates at older ages, when birth rates are low, whereas women have higher rates of partnering and re-partnering at prime childbearing ages. This compositional effect drives a “partnering” advantage for female fertility. This connection between gender differences in partnering and cohort fertility is true across educational levels.
Die Geschichtlichkeit des Geistes, materialistisch verstanden
Authors: Menke Christoph 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Idee der Geistesgeschichte war ein idealistisches Programm. Die Kritik dieses Programms hinterlässt uns aber die Aufgabe, die Geschichtlichkeit des Geistes zu denken: Es gibt keine Geschichte ohne den Geist. Diese These verlangt eine materialistische Erläuterung.
The persistence of Geist in the Geisteswissenschaften
Authors: Nicholls Angus 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article examines Erich Rothacker’s theorisations of the Geisteswissenschaften and of Geistesgeschichte across a range of his writings from the 1920s until the 1960s. It poses the question as to whether these writings help us to understand culture, including literary culture, in the digital age.
Machine Ethics and Cognitive Robotics
Authors: Narayanan Ajit 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
There is much debate in machine ethics about the most appropriate way to introduce ethical reasoning capabilities into robots and other intelligent autonomous machines (IAMs). The main problem is that hardwiring intelligent and cognitive robots with commands not to cause harm or damage is not consistent with the notions of autonomy and intelligence. Also, such hardwiring does not leave robots with any course of action if they encounter situations for which they are not programmed or where some harm is caused no matter what course of action is taken.

Recent Findings
Recent developments in intelligent autonomous vehicle standards have led to the identification of different levels of autonomy than can be usefully applied to different levels of cognitive robotics. In particular, the introduction of ethical reasoning capability can add levels of autonomy not previously envisaged but which may be necessary if fully autonomous robots are to be trustworthy. But research into how to give IAMs an ethical reasoning capability is a relatively under-explored area in artificial intelligence and robotics. This review covers previous research approaches involving case-based reasoning, artificial neural networks, constraint satisfaction, category theory, abductive logic, inductive logic, and fuzzy logic.

Summary
This paper reviews what is currently known about machine ethics and the way that cognitive robots as well as IAMs in general can be provided with an ethical reasoning capability. A new type of metric-based ethics appropriate for robots and IAMs may be required to replace our current concept of ethical reasoning being largely qualitative in nature.
Are older adults living in compact development more active? – Evidence from 36 diverse regions of the United States
Authors: Tian Guang , Kalantari Hannaneh Abdollahzadeh , Ewing Reid 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith the population of older adults growing globally, this study asks the question: are older adults living in compact developments more active than those living in sprawling developments? Older adults can be deemed more active if they travel more in total or travel more by non-auto travel modes (such as walking, transit). By analyzing disaggregated data from 36 regions of the United States, this study finds that older adults living in compact neighborhoods do not travel more in total but travel more by walking and public transportation than those living in sprawling neighborhoods. In addition, older adults travel less, are more auto-dependent, and make more home-based-nonwork trips, compared to younger adults. Older adults with lower income travel less than those with higher income. Older adults living in compact neighborhoods with the lowest income level generate the highest number of transit trips. It is important for planners and policy makers to not only create built environments that support older adults’ travel needs, but also to avoid social inequity.
Energy levels, lifetimes, and transition probabilities for Sr XXXII
Authors: Attia S. M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe fully relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock (MCDHF) approach was used to calculate the excitation energies and lifetimes for the lowest 272 levels that belonging to the $$2{s}^{2}2{p}^{3}$$

2

s

2

2

p

3

, $$2s2{p}^{4}$$

2
s
2

p

4

, $$2{p}^{5}$$

2

p

5

, $$2{s}^{2}2{p}^{2}3l$$

2

s

2

2

p

2

3
l

, $$2s2{p}^{3}3l$$

2
s
2

p

3

3
l

, and $$2{p}^{4}3l$$

2

p

4

3
l

($$l=s, p, d$$

l
=
s
,
p
,
d

) configurations for N-like strontium, Sr XXXII, as well as the wavelengths, weighted oscillator strengths, transition probabilities, and line strengths for the electric dipole (E1), electric quadrupole (E2), magnetic dipole (M1), and magnetic quadrupole (M2) transitions among these levels. The Breit-interaction (BI), and quantum electrodynamics (QED) corrections have been incorporated into the computations. In order to assess the uncertainties of the current calculations, comparisons with available data, and the results from the largest MCDHF layers have all performed.
Categorizing people in the German life sciences: a systematic literature review of classifications of human diversity
Authors: Bartram Isabelle , Schnieder Laura , Ellebrecht Nils , Ruland Florian , Plümecke Tino , zur Nieden Andrea 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe use of human diversity classifications such as race, ethnicity, ancestry, or migration background entails a range of scientific as well as social consequences, and careful application of such terms is therefore vital. In this article, we present results from a systematic literature review and subsequent quantitative content analysis of 546 life science papers from German research institutes. We are concerned specifically with racial, ethnic, migration- and ancestry-related classifications used in such papers. Our aim is to capture a snapshot of the classification practices currently applied to the categorization of humans across various disciplines and fields in a specific national context that remains under-researched. The review (a) substantiates results from earlier studies that point to heterogeneity, inconsistency, and vagueness of human classifications used in the life sciences, and (b) confirms the expected specificity of German scientific discourse, where the term “race” is used comparatively rarely. Our findings stress the need for German researchers to partake in the ongoing international debate on the practice of human classification in the life sciences to advance the international and interdisciplinary transferability of scientific results and, first and foremost, to avoid unintended effects such as overgeneralization, racialization, and stigmatization.
Exploring pandemic preparedness in higher education: lessons learnt from students’ lived experiences during a critical time
Authors: Abi Jumaa Jinan , Catena Rodolfo , Brown Elliot , Sanyang Saikou , Tridico Alessandro , Weaver Dawn 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a marked impact on educational disruption and progression of students. Linked to this, studies have demonstrated increases in depression, anxiety, and stress, with long-term outcomes yet to be understood. Students in Higher Education (HE) were at particular risk due to circumstances such as financial stress from job loss, shifting to online learning and uncertainties about the future, with many international students isolated from social support networks. This study explored lived experiences of determinants for academic disruption in HE students during the COVID-19 pandemic across Germany and the UK.

Methods
The study used qualitative secondary data collected from extension and mitigation claim forms from 2019 until 2021 from a university with campuses in the UK and Germany. A phenomenological perspective was utilised to draw out experiences and insights into determinants for mitigation from students to enhance our understanding of real problems encountered during a period of crisis. Thematic data analysis was used to create themes of influence for mitigation of assessments.

Results
Themes identified pre and during the COVID-19 pandemic included; pre-COVID: work-related commitments; bereavement; illness of a family member; mental and physical health issues; natural disasters, during 2020/21, themes created were; COVID-19 social impacts; workplace and financial demands; psychological distress; physical illness, with subthemes evolving such as family responsibilities; and caring for others; furlough and its financial impacts; heavy workload for frontline health care workers; mental health impacts; physical abuse and crime, COVID-19 physical symptoms.

Conclusion
We suggest an Integrated ‘Determinants of Wellbeing Framework’ for supporting HE students during critical times such as a pandemic. Our suggested framework was adapted from determining health inequalities and the concept of the ‘flourishing student’ that maps the relationship between the student, their environment and well-being. It is hoped the framework will serve to inform future theories around disruption to student progression and to explore the relevant impact on educational outcomes in HE thus assisting in appropriate support planning.
Study on the variables reflecting the action of interest groups. The case of Greek economy
Authors: Papadakis Haris , Atsalakis George S. , Zopounidis Constantin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn literature there are many studies considering the action of interest groups in several countries’ societies and economies. In order to study the effect of special interest groups in the economy of each country, a multitude of variables have been used by researchers. After an extended bibliographic research in the recording of the economy affecting variables that have been used, this research presents a methodology for the selection of those which better represent the action of interest groups in the economy of Greece. The methodology used is based on Principal Component Analysis and therefore on the correlation tests needed. In this way it can be concluded which variables can be more advantageous in future research.
A network GVAR model for analyzing maritime transport demand: evidence from freight relationships among Greek ports
Authors: Giannika Hara , Milioti Christina , Michaelides Panayotis G. , Konstantakis Konstantinos N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study is to analyze the freight relationships between three major mainland Greek ports (Piraeus, Thessaloniki and Volos), based on containers’ transportation. The methodology used is the Global Vector Autoregressive (GVAR) model. The empirical analysis is based on time series data spanning the period January 1998–December 2012. The most important finding is that a shock in one port doesn’t have, in general, a significant impact on any other port and the corresponding effects settle down relatively quickly, usually in less than two months.
Deep vein thrombosis in early pregnancy: A retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Chen , Zhang Xuemin , Liu Guoli 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics, management, and prognosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) during early pregnancy.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study among women with DVT during their first trimester of pregnancy who were admitted to the obstetrics department of Peking University People's Hospital between March 2008 and May 2021.We analyzed clinical data of eight patients, including their general condition, obstetric characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and gestational outcomes.ResultsRisk factors for DVT in the first trimester included personal history of DVT, thrombophilia and immune diseases, and DVT was more likely to affect the left leg. The main manifestation of DVT was pain or swelling of the affected limbs. D-dimer levels after anticoagulant treatment showed a downward trend compared with those before treatment (P ​= ​0.09), while D-dimer levels increased significantly after delivery compared with those before delivery (P ​= ​0.03). All the patients started on low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) therapy after a diagnosis of DVT. Temporary inferior vena cava (IVC) filters were implanted in 3 patients with mixed thrombosis before delivery, but were removed after the operation. Except for 1 case with thrombophilia who refused treatment, others underwent anticoagulation therapy from 6 weeks to 1 year postpartum. Seven patients achieved a successful delivery with live births.ConclusionDuring early pregnancy, DVT was more common in women with maternal risk factors. More cases of venous thromboembolism (VTE) were observed in the left leg. For women with a high risk of DVT, medical intervention, early identification, accurate diagnosis and precise treatment during early pregnancy should be promoted.
Base heating and stage separation of launch vehicles
Authors: Rathakrishnan E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the results of the experimental study carried out to address the issues of base heating and smooth separation of the stage of launch vehicles. The pressure at the base of a convergent-divergent circular nozzle, from which Mach 1.8 jet emanates, attached to an annular shroud of larger area is controlled by providing air vents on the shroud. On the shroud, vent holes were made at different azimuthal locations, to entrain the surrounding air mass at a higher pressure, pa, to increase the low-pressure, pb, at the base region, caused by the suction creating large-scale vortices formed owing to the sudden expansion of the jet emerging from the nozzle into the shroud. For different number and size of the vents on the shroud, the base pressure was measured. This measurement was done at five levels of overexpansion of the nozzle in the range from –64% to –58%. It is found that increase in vent area results in increase of base pressure, up to some limiting level of the area. Also, the increase of base pressure for the case of vents closer to the nozzle exit is found to be marginally more than the increase caused by vents at distances away from the nozzle exit. Increase of base pressure can be regarded as an advantage not only from base heating point of view but also from the point of view of deflection of the plume to the shroud wall for uniform melting of the pyro layer bonding the stages of the launch vehicle, leading to a smooth separation of the launch vehicle stages.