bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flight testing the Cranfield A.1
Authors: McVitie A. M. 
Published: March 2023

Before getting to the heart of the matter as it were, it would seem to be sensible to sketch in some of the background to the whole project.One of the teaching methods used at Cranfield relating to aircraft design students, is to enforce on them the discipline of a design project study undertaken within a group, to be completed within a given timescale and within defined specifications. Many an interesting paper aeroplane has evolved which, for obvious reasons, never progresses beyond model stage.About a decade ago Nick Carter, the then manager of the British Aerobatic Team and Peter Little an ex-student of the College of Aeronautics asked Cranfield if they would consider the use of student effort to design an aerobatic aircraft for competitive work. On investigation it was discovered that such a task was sufficiently demanding to prove a challenge.
Energy and Aerospace
Authors: Seamans Robert C. 
Published: March 2023

Over seven decades have passed since Wilbur and Orville Wright successfully flew their 1903 Flyer and thus ushered in a new era in human history. The impact on our own civilisation of the brothers' accomplishment has been as profound as it has been lasting.As the new era of heavier-than-air flight matured and man gained increasing confidence in the air, his restless mind looked outward and pondered the possibility of flight into space. In due course, the intellectual and adventuresome descendants of the Wrights made tentative probings in latter day spacecraft counterparts of the 1903 Flyer and were soon spending days, weeks and even months in the strange extra-terrestrial environment.
Road, rail and air competition for passengers in Europe
Authors: Thomson J. M. 
Published: March 2023

The data in this paper are derived from the European Intercity Transport Study carried out between 1973 and 1976 jointly by the OECD, the ECMT and the EEC, with the direct participation of 12 European governments. The Study report was completed in the second half of 1976 and, though not yet published, has been circulated fairly widely.The subject of this paper touches on just one aspect of the European Study, namely the competition between air transport and other means of transport for passenger traffic in Europe. Since the interest of the paper lies in air traffic it is only concerned with long-distance travel. The European Study limited its attention to trips of over 80 km, straight line distance, which clearly includes all air trips.The principal modes of transport which compete with air for passenger trips within Europe are car, train and bus. Other modes account for less than 2% of long-distance trips, and they appear to be about equally divided between goods vehicles and motorcycles, but these modes will be ignored in this paper. Ferries are also used, of course, for sea crossings but they are treated for analytical purposes as links in the road and rail networks.
C. C. Walker, CBE, Hon FRAeS 1877-1968
Authors: Newman D. R. 
Published: March 2023

It is my privilege this evening to pay tribute to one of the truly great men of British Aviation—Mr. C. C. Walker—in the centenary year of his birth.C. C. Walker was born in Highgate on 25th August 1877, and in his boyhood there was only a limited degree of general interest in the possibility of powered flight. Most people regarded it as a Jules Verne idea—what we should today call ‘Science Fiction’.However, his interest was clearly aroused and he had an early appreciation that the problems were soluble. In his own Reminiscences of Fifty Years of Aviation published in the Society’s Centenary Journal, he recalls a ride in Maxim’s steam-driven multiplane in 1894 and it is on record that at the age of sixteen he lectured to a boys’ club on the subject of flying. What a pity that the text has not survived.
Industrial education, selection, progress appraisal, motivation to achieve industrial wealth, the creation of a sense of commitment
Authors: Cherry J. 
Published: March 2023

In reviewing industrial education, concentration has been given to the higher educational programmes; also to courses in manufacturing technology and production management which include topics normally within the responsibility of the Director of Manufacture, as outlined in Fig. 1.There is a wide range of programmes offered in the above topics at both undergraduate and postgraduate level.For the undergraduate stream there are seventeen universities and polytechnics which offer first degree courses under a variety of titles such as: Production Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Manufacturing Systems Engineering, and some add Management to the titles as illustrated in Fig. 2.Most universities and polytechnics have adopted the 4-year sandwich system as offering the most suitable blend of academic and industrial experience for graduates entering manufacturing industry. A very important part of the sandwich course is programming the industrial phase, and in recent years difficulties have been encountered in finding firms which are prepared to undertake this responsibility.
Limit cycle stability of systems containing a pulse ratio modulator
Authors: Alldridge W. J. 
Published: March 2023

Most spacecraft attitude control systems employing mass-expulsion techniques use some form of pulse modulation at the output from the control system to the gas control valves. In a number of early designs such modulation was introduced almost accidentally by surrounding simple relay-type switching logic with a feedback loop containing a first-order lag to provide ‘derived rate’ damping. This arrangement gives pulse width and pulse frequency modulation (Combined pulse modulation).Such a modulation scheme was devised by Schaefer in 1962 which he called a Pulse Ratio Modulator (PRM). His main concern was the mechanisation of the quasistatic equations of the modulator and he did not investigate the stability of systems containing a PRM.
Pure bending of an I-section beam having initial curvature
Authors: Antonaras D. G. , Tzivanidis G. I. 
Published: March 2023

From the two ‘approximate’ theories of bending—Elementary Theory and Winkler available to designers for the determination of bending stresses in beams having initial curvature, the Winkler approximate solution is the one closer to the exact solution development by Golovin.Timoshenko and Goodier show a comparison of stresses resulting from the three theories for a beam having rectangular cross-section. It is shown here that the values of bending stresses given by Winkler theory are very close to Golovin's exact results. The difference between the two theories lies in the range of 0·1–3·1 % increasing with the ratio, c/a, of the outer to inner radius of curvature of the beam. The above close relationship between the two theories for a beam of rectangular cross-section is also reported by Ford.
A British Airways view
Authors: Jack Peter 
Published: March 2023

I shall aim at explaining, from an operator's point of I view, what was so wrong with the Bermuda Agreement that the UK Government denounced it, to what extent Bermuda 2 has corrected that position and, in addition, put forward a few thoughts on possible charter arrangements within Bermuda 2.For over 30 years, the Bermuda Agreement of 1946 set the framework for UK/US civil aviation affairs—and served for perhaps 15 to 20 years in form and in reality as the prototype for most civil aviation agreements in the free world.By the late 1960s, however, there were few bilateral air agreements involving countries other than the USA which did not in some way control capacity. Despite the almost invariable Bermuda façade, the effect of attaching confidential understandings between governments to the published Bermuda text was to control capacity in one way or another.
The United States attitude: a view from TWA
Authors: Taylor Thomas K. 
Published: March 2023

Responses to Bermuda 2 in the United States range from cheers to castigation and from praise to predictions of doom. I have included in these remarks quotations from various public figures in my country which illustrate the diversity of views held with respect to that agreement.In order to grasp fully the spectrum of reactions to Bermuda 2, one must first understand current changes and developments in American aviation policy.In order to understand our new policies, however, one must have an appreciation of political influences as they impact on our international aviation programmes.Frankly, as I do not understand either the policies or the politics, this should make for a very short speech. I have a story to tell you, however, that should contribute to your perception and comprehensive of the American scene.
The United States attitude: a view from Pan Am
Authors: Schott Elihu 
Published: March 2023

I have been asked to describe the American attitude toward Bermuda 2 from a Pan American perspective. I will not burden you at length with an introspective analysis of how happy or unhappy we are with the results. We did not anticipate that the negotiations would be a tea party, and the event was certainly not as universally acclaimed on the US side as was the Boston Tea Party (an affair whose 204th anniversary will be celebrated in about two weeks).As you know, a good deal of dissatisfaction with Bermuda 2 has been expressed in various quarters in the United States, some of it informed and quite sincere, some of it unrealistic and exaggerated. Pan American, which thought it had the most to lose in the negotiations, was confirmed in that expectation. However, we have not engaged in sterile recrimination. The United States side was ably and effectively represented.Had the responsi-bility been ours, we cannot say that we could have made a better overall bargain given the ability and tenacity of the opposition and the need felt on both sides to reach an accommadation.
Finite image homomorphisms of the braid group and its generalizations
Authors: Scherich Nancy , Verberne Yvon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUsing totally symmetric sets, Chudnovsky–Kordek–Li–Partin gave a superexponential lower bound on the cardinality of non-abelian finite quotients of the braid group. In this paper, we develop new techniques using multiple totally symmetric sets to count elements in non-abelian finite quotients of the braid group. Using these techniques, we improve the lower bound found by Chudnovsky et al. We exhibit totally symmetric sets in the virtual and welded braid groups and use our new techniques to find superexponential bounds for the finite quotients of the virtual and welded braid groups.
Haemoproteus jenniae (Haemoproteidae, Haemosporida) infects gulls (Larus spp.) in South Africa, with redescription of Haemoproteus skuae
Authors: Vanstreels Ralph E. T. , Chagas Carolina R. F. , Valkiūnas Gediminas , dos Anjos Carolina C. , Parsons Nola J. , Roberts David G. , Snyman Albert , Hurtado Renata , Kirchgatter Karin , Ludynia Katrin , Pistorius Pierre A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHaemoproteus spp. are dipteran-borne protozoa that infect erythrocytes and reticulo-endothelial cells of birds. These parasites are not usually transmitted between birds belonging to different orders. The suborder Lari (order Charadriiformes) comprises ~170 avian species, the majority of which are aquatic, including gulls, terns, auklets, murres and skuas, among others. In spite of the diversity of this avian group, there is limited known diversity of haemosporidian parasites, with only 4 recorded Haemoproteus morphospecies thus far. We examined the blood smears of 21 kelp gulls (Larus dominicanus) captured at a breeding colony in South Africa, as well as Haemoproteus-positive archival blood smears of 15 kelp gulls and 1 Hartlaub's gull (Larus hartlaubii) sampled while under care at seabird rehabilitation facilities in South Africa. Haemoproteus sp. infection was detected in 19% of wild-caught kelp gulls. All parasites from the gulls were morphologically identified as Haemoproteus jenniae, a species previously recorded in Lari birds at the Galapagos Islands (Ecuador), Rocas Atoll (Brazil) and Poland. Gene sequencing uncovered a new cytochrome b lineage, LARDOM01, which was closely related to the previously reported H. jenniae lineage CREFUR01. Additionally, we evaluated a hapantotype blood smear of Haemoproteus skuae, which had been described infecting a brown skua (Catharacta antarctica) in South Africa. We provide a redescription of H. skuae and discuss the morphological characters distinguishing it from H. jenniae. Further research is necessary to improve our knowledge about the host and geographic distribution, health effects and phylogeny of H. jenniae and H. skuae.
Cannabis use and psychotic disorders in diverse settings in the Global South: findings from INTREPID II
Authors: Lee Pow Joni , Donald Casswina , di Forti Marta , Roberts Tessa , Weiss Helen A. , Ayinde Olatunde , John Sujit , Olley Bola , Ojagbemi Akin , Esponda Georgina Miguel , Lam Joseph , Poornachandrika Paramasivam , Dazzan Paola , Gaughran Fiona , Kannan Palaniyandi Ponnusamy , Sudhakar Selvaraju , Burns Jonathan , Chiliza Bonginkosi ,   INTREPID Group, Cohen Alex , Gureje Oye , Thara Rangaswamy , Murray Robin M. , Morgan Craig , Hutchinson Gerard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundCannabis use has been linked to psychotic disorders but this association has been primarily observed in the Global North. This study investigates patterns of cannabis use and associations with psychoses in three Global South (regions within Latin America, Asia, Africa and Oceania) settings.MethodsCase–control study within the International Programme of Research on Psychotic Disorders (INTREPID) II conducted between May 2018 and September 2020. In each setting, we recruited over 200 individuals with an untreated psychosis and individually-matched controls (Kancheepuram India; Ibadan, Nigeria; northern Trinidad). Controls, with no past or current psychotic disorder, were individually-matched to cases by 5-year age group, sex and neighbourhood. Presence of psychotic disorder assessed using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry and cannabis exposure measured by the World Health Organisation Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST).ResultsCases reported higher lifetime and frequent cannabis use than controls in each setting. In Trinidad, cannabis use was associated with increased odds of psychotic disorder: lifetime cannabis use (adj. OR 1.58, 95% CI 0.99–2.53); frequent cannabis use (adj. OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.10–3.60); cannabis dependency (as measured by high ASSIST score) (adj. OR 4.70, 95% CI 1.77–12.47), early age of first use (adj. OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.03–3.27). Cannabis use in the other two settings was too rare to examine associations.ConclusionsIn line with previous studies, we found associations between cannabis use and the occurrence and age of onset of psychoses in Trinidad. These findings have implications for strategies for prevention of psychosis.
Prometheus caged: The exiling of Napoleon and the Law of Nations, 1814–1821
Authors: Rowe Adam 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article explores the exiling of Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, in 1814 and 1815. It argues that in confronting Napoleon’s sovereignty and trying to remove him, the allies were forced to make a highly pragmatic, improvisational, and incoherent use of international law. Much of this stemmed from that fact that they were trying to implement a Great Powers political system within and through a legal system that was antithetical to any such concept. Because of this the allies move between employing traditional, domestic understandings of sovereignty, to treating sovereignty as something capable of international control and distribution. This results in an incoherent legal argument and narrative, with each turn of the tale adding layer upon layer of further confusion and contradiction. The conclusion of all this is Napoleon’s miserable dispatch to St. Helena by the British government – speedily done and in fear of a legal challenge.
Seed germination of Cistanche armena (Orobanchaceae), a rare endangered holoparasitic species endemic to Armenia
Authors: Krasylenko Yuliya , Hýlová Adelá , Sosnovsky Yevhen , Ulbrichová Markéta , Spíchal Lukáš , Piwowarczyk Renata 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe obligate root parasite Cistanche armena is a recently rediscovered, extremely rare endangered species endemic to Armenia, specifically parasitizing camelthorn (Alhagi maurorum, Fabaceae) and saltwort (Salsola dendroides, Chenopodiaceae). Its populations are reputedly declining due to habitat destruction and biotic impacts. Since the only known means of its reproduction is via the seeds, understanding the mechanisms of breaking C. armena seed dormancy and germination along with the related aspects of the species’ biology is highly important both from fundamental (functional ecology and evolution) and applied (conservation and management) perspectives. Here, we present the first in vitro seed germination protocol for C. armena involving fluridone, a systemic herbicide targeting the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. In addition, the seed micromorphology of C. armena is described using both light microscopy and lignin autofluorescence visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The actin cytoskeleton in radicle cells of germinated C. armena seedlings is described for the first time, being the proof of seed viability. Further elaboration and application of the proposed germination protocol with the cultivation of C. armena on susceptible hosts are altogether seen as a valuable tool for the conservation of this species.
Dust Lifting Through Surface Albedo Changes at Jezero Crater, Mars
Authors: Vicente‐Retortillo A. , Martínez G. M. , Lemmon M. T. , Hueso R. , Johnson J. R. , Sullivan R. , Newman C. E. , Sebastián E. , Toledo D. , Apéstigue V. , Arruego I. , Munguira A. , Sánchez‐Lavega A. , Murdoch N. , Gillier M. , Stott A. , Mora‐Sotomayor L. , Bertrand T. , Tamppari L. K. , Juárez M. de la Torre , Rodríguez‐Manfredi J.‐A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe identify temporal variations in surface albedo at Jezero crater using first‐of‐their‐kind high‐cadence in‐situ measurements of reflected shortwave radiation during the first 350 sols of the Mars 2020 mission. Simultaneous Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) measurements of pressure, radiative fluxes, winds, and sky brightness indicate that these albedo changes are caused by dust devils under typical conditions and by a dust storm at Ls ∼ 155°. The 17% decrease in albedo caused by the dust storm is one order of magnitude larger than the most apparent changes caused during quiescent periods by dust devils. Spectral reflectance measurements from Mastcam‐Z images before and after the storm indicate that the decrease in albedo is mainly caused by dust removal. The occurrence of albedo changes is affected by the intensity and proximity of the convective vortex, and the availability and mobility of small particles at the surface. The probability of observing an albedo change increases with the magnitude of the pressure drop (ΔP): changes were detected in 3.5%, 43%, and 100% of the dust devils with ΔP < 2.5 Pa, ΔP > 2.5 Pa and ΔP > 4.5 Pa, respectively. Albedo changes were associated with peak wind speeds above 15 m·s−1. We discuss dust removal estimates, the observed surface temperature changes coincident with albedo changes, and implications for solar‐powered missions. These results show synergies between multiple instruments (MEDA, Mastcam‐Z, Navcam, and the Supercam microphone) that improve our understanding of aeolian processes on Mars.
Earthquakes and Heavy Rainfall Influence on Aquifer Properties: A New Coupled Earth and Barometric Tidal Response Model in a Confined Bi‐Layer Aquifer
Authors: Thomas A. , Fortin J. , Vittecoq B. , Violette S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAmong the impacts of earthquakes on aquifers, permeability change is one of the most challenging to quantify, since techniques to measure permeability evolution are scarce. The study of tidal response of boreholes is one of the most promising, yet complex to use in practice. We used 14 years of piezometric level measurements and two concurrent source signals, earth tidal strain and barometric pressure, for which we separated the respective contribution in a state‐of‐the‐art tidal analysis. We developed a new general analytical hydrogeological model, based on geological observations of a confined bi‐layer aquifer. It is able to match combined observations of earth and barometric tide phase lags which could not be explained by existing models. We demonstrate that its relative complexity can be overcome thanks to the results of tidal analysis, yielding a simpler model adapted to the Fond Lahaye site of the Martinique Island. The resulting evolution of diffusivity and loading efficiency, was validated independently with several pumping tests occurring all along the studied period. The transient diffusivity increases and decreases indicate which earthquakes impacted the aquifer, enabling to establish an empirical magnitude‐distance relationship criterion. This criterion confirms the suspected dependence on dynamic stresses, which decrease as the square of the hypocentral distance. Additionally, we investigate two other factors of diffusivity changes: heavy rainfall events and aquifer withdrawals, which demonstrates the sensitivity of volcanic aquifers properties to environmental and anthropogenic influence.
Revitalising cancer trials post-pandemic: time for reform
Authors: Morton Cienne , Sullivan Richard , Sarker Debashis , Posner John , Spicer James 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic posed significant risk to the health of cancer patients, compromised standard cancer care and interrupted clinical cancer trials, prompting dramatic streamlining of services. From this health crisis has emerged the opportunity to carry forward an unexpected legacy of positive reforms to clinical cancer research, where conventionally convoluted approvals processes, inefficient trial design, procedures and data gathering could benefit from the lessons in rationalisation learned during the pandemic.
The K/HDEL receptor does not recycle but instead acts as a Golgi-gatekeeper
Authors: Alvim Jonas C. , Bolt Robert M. , An Jing , Kamisugi Yasuko , Cuming Andrew , Silva-Alvim Fernanda A. L. , Concha Juan O. , daSilva Luis L. P. , Hu Meiyi , Hirsz Dominique , Denecke Jurgen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAccurately measuring the ability of the K/HDEL receptor (ERD2) to retain the ER cargo Amy-HDEL has questioned earlier results on which the popular receptor recycling model is based upon. Here we demonstrate that ERD2 Golgi-retention, rather than fast ER export supports its function. Ligand-induced ERD2 redistribution is only observed when the C-terminus is masked or mutated, compromising the signal that prevents Golgi-to-ER transport of the receptor. Forcing COPI mediated retrograde transport destroys receptor function, but introducing ER-to-Golgi export orcis-Golgi retention signals re-activate ERD2 when its endogenous Golgi-retention signal is masked or deleted. We propose that ERD2 remains fixed as a Golgi gatekeeper, capturing K/HDEL proteins when they arrive and releasing them again into a subdomain for retrograde transport back to the ER. An in vivo ligand:receptor ratio far greater than 100 to 1 strongly supports this model, and the underlying mechanism appears to be extremely conserved across kingdoms.