bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peste Des Petits Ruminants: An Update
Authors: Tenuche O. Z. , Emikpe B. O. , Godwin E. , Enem S. I. , Egwu G. O. 
Published: May 2023

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a notifiable and reportable disease recognised by the Office Internationale Epizooties (OIE) and penned for eradication by 2030. It is an endemic and devastating disease of small ruminants in some countries of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. The disease militates against small ruminant production and increased flock numbers in the region. Information and literature on the current review was especially obtained and compiled from CABI abstract data base, PubMed, Scopus, Elibrary USA and other online publications. This review highlights the viral structure, epidemiology, predisposing factors, clinical signs, pathology, immunoprophylaxis, diagnostic techniques and therapeutics of the disease with a view to generating increased scientific research interests on PPR. It is hoped that more robust scientific research breakthroughs could emerge particularly in the area of immunoprophylaxis, rapid penside diagnosis, and alternative therapeutics such as the use of probiotics. This will in no small measure boost small ruminant production, alleviate poverty and increase food security in countries endemic with the disease.
Outcomes Following Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe COVID-19 in Pregnancy or Post Partum
Authors: Byrne John J. , Shamshirsaz Amir A. , Cahill Alison G. , Turrentine Mark A. , Seasely Angela R. , Eid Joe , Rouse Caroline E. , Richley Michael , Raghuraman Nandini , Naqvi Mariam , El-Sayed Yasser Y. , Badell Martina L. , Cheng CeCe , Liu James , Adhikari Emily H. , Patel Soha S. , O’Neil Erika R. , Ramsey Patrick S. 
Published: May 2023

ImportanceExisting reports of pregnant patients with COVID-19 disease who require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are limited, with variable outcomes noted for the maternal-fetal dyad.ObjectiveTo examine maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with ECMO used for COVID-19 with respiratory failure during pregnancy.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective multicenter cohort study examined pregnant and postpartum patients who required ECMO for COVID-19 respiratory failure at 25 hospitals across the US. Eligible patients included individuals who received care at one of the study sites, were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy or up to 6 weeks post partum by positive nucleic acid or antigen test, and for whom ECMO was initiated for respiratory failure from March 1, 2020, to October 1, 2022.ExposuresECMO in the setting of COVID-19 respiratory failure.Main outcome and measuresThe primary outcome was maternal mortality. Secondary outcomes included serious maternal morbidity, obstetrical outcomes, and neonatal outcomes. Outcomes were compared by timing of infection during pregnancy or post partum, timing of ECMO initiation during pregnancy or post partum, and periods of circulation of SARS-CoV-2 variants.ResultsFrom March 1, 2020, to October 1, 2022, 100 pregnant or postpartum individuals were started on ECMO (29 [29.0%] Hispanic, 25 [25.0%] non-Hispanic Black, 34 [34.0%] non-Hispanic White; mean [SD] age: 31.1 [5.5] years), including 47 (47.0%) during pregnancy, 21 (21.0%) within 24 hours post partum, and 32 (32.0%) between 24 hours and 6 weeks post partum; 79 (79.0%) had obesity, 61 (61.0%) had public or no insurance, and 67 (67.0%) did not have an immunocompromising condition. The median (IQR) ECMO run was 20 (9-49) days. There were 16 maternal deaths (16.0%; 95% CI, 8.2%-23.8%) in the study cohort, and 76 patients (76.0%; 95% CI, 58.9%-93.1%) had 1 or more serious maternal morbidity events. The largest serious maternal morbidity was venous thromboembolism and occurred in 39 patients (39.0%), which was similar across ECMO timing (40.4% pregnant [19 of 47] vs 38.1% [8 of 21] immediately postpartum vs 37.5% postpartum [12 of 32]; P &amp;gt; .99).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this multicenter US cohort study of pregnant and postpartum patients who required ECMO for COVID-19–associated respiratory failure, most survived but experienced a high frequency of serious maternal morbidity.
Online verification of breath‐hold reproducibility using kV‐triggered imaging for liver stereotactic body radiation therapy
Authors: Guo Bingqi , Stephans Kevin , Woody Neil , Antolak Alexander , Moazzezi Mojtaba , Xia Ping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeTo introduce a new technique for online breath‐hold verification for liver stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) based on kilovoltage‐triggered imaging and liver dome positions.Material and MethodsTwenty‐five liver SBRT patients treated with deep inspiration breath‐hold were included in this IRB‐approved study. To verify the breath‐hold reproducibility during treatment, a KV‐triggered image was acquired at the beginning of each breath‐hold. The liver dome position was visually compared with the expected upper/lower liver boundaries created by expanding/contracting the liver contour 5 mm in the superior‐inferior direction. If the liver dome was within the boundaries, delivery continued; otherwise, beam was held manually, and the patient was instructed to take another breath‐hold until the liver dome fell within boundaries. The liver dome was delineated on each triggered image. The mean distance between the delineated liver dome to the projected planning liver contour was defined as liver dome position error edome. The mean and maximum edome of each patient were compared between no breath‐hold verification (all triggered images) and with online breath‐hold verification (triggered images without beam‐hold).ResultsSeven hundred thirteen breath‐hold triggered images from 92 fractions were analyzed. For each patient, an average of 1.5 breath‐holds (range 0–7 for all patients) resulted in beam‐hold, accounting for 5% (0–18%) of all breath‐holds; online breath‐hold verification reduced the mean edome from 3.1 mm (1.3–6.1 mm) to 2.7 mm (1.2–5.2 mm) and the maximum edome from 8.6 mm (3.0–18.0 mm) to 6.7 mm (3.0–9.0 mm). The percentage of breath‐holds with edome >5 mm was reduced from 15% (0–42%) without breath‐hold verification to 11% (0–35%) with online breath‐hold verification. online breath‐hold verification eliminated breath‐holds with edome >10 mm, which happened in 3% (0–17%) of all breath‐holds.ConclusionIt is clinically feasible to monitor the reproducibility of each breath‐hold during liver SBRT treatment using triggered images and liver dome. Online breath‐hold verification improves the treatment accuracy for liver SBRT.
Molecularly Tailored Surface Defect Modifier for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Yinghui , Liang Qihua , Zhu Hongwei , Dai Xingyi , Yu Bin‐Bin , Hu Yang , Chen Miao , Huang Long‐Biao , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Shen Zhongjin , Wang Junfeng , Grätzel Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSurface defects cause non‐radiative charge recombination and reduce the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), thus effective passivation of defects has become a crucial method for achieving efficient and stable devices. Organic ammonium halides have been widely used for perovskite surface passivation, due to their simple preparation, lattice matching with perovskite, and high defects passivation ability. Herein, a surface passivator 2,4,6‐trimethylbenzenaminium iodide (TMBAI) is employed as the interfacial layer between the spiro‐OMeTAD and perovskite layer to modify the surface defect states. It is found that TMBAI treatment suppresses the nonradiative charge carrier recombination, resulting in a 60 mV increase of the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) (from 1.11 to 1.17 V) and raises the fill factor from 76.3% to 80.3%. As a result, the TMBAI‐based PSCs device demonstrates a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.7%. Remarkably, PSCs with an aperture area of 1 square centimeter produce a PCE of 21.7% under standard AM1.5 G sunlight. The unencapsulated TMBAI‐modified device retains 92.6% and 90.1% of the initial values after 1000 and 550 h under ambient conditions (humidity 55%–65%) and one‐sun continuous illumination, respectively.
Dual Response to Light and Heat of a Metal–Organic Rotaxane Network Featuring Flexible Viologen‐Derived Structs
Authors: Jin Qiu‐yan , Meng Liao , Zhang Zhi‐hui , Liang Yuan‐yuan , Jin Wei , Hu Kong‐qiu , Yuan Li‐yong , Chai Zhi‐fang , Mei Lei , Shi Wei‐qun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMetal–organic rotaxane compounds (MORCs) with supramolecular (pseudo)rotaxane motifs as main structures have inherent dynamic character, but their potential as responsive molecular machines is largely hampered by poor responsiveness to external stimuli. In this study, using a multi‐functionalized pseudorotaxane linker that combines two kinds of functionalities, a novel MORC, U‐bpybc‐CB8 (U refers to uranyl, bpybc refers to 1, 1’‐bis(4‐carboxybenzyl)‐4, 4’‐bipyridinium, and CB8 is cucurbit[8]uril), with multi‐responsive capability that can respond to both light and thermal stimuli, is reported. The characterization, combining spectra measurements and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, shows that, due to the involvement of viologen‐functionalized flexible organic dicarboxylate guest molecule in the CB8‐ involved pseudorotaxane ligand, the resultant uranyl‐based MORC exhibits photochromic behavior after UV or visible light irradiation. More interestingly, it is revealed that the exceptional thermal response of U‐bpybc‐CB8 as temperature increases from 170 to 270 K, i.e., volume expansion followed by contraction after the inflection temperature of ≈230 K, can be stemmed from the lattice flexibility of this metal–organic supramolecular network. The dual responsiveness of MORCs reported here demonstrates the potential of such supramolecular assemblies as smart molecular components like sensors and switches that respond to light irradiation or temperature changes.
Macrophage Hitchhiking Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Myocardial Infarction: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
Authors: Torrieri Giulia , Iqbal Imran , Fontana Flavia , Talman Virpi , Liljenbäck Heidi , Putri Andriana , Nammas Wail , Rajander Johan , Guo‐Li Xiang , Low Philip S. , Teesalu Tambet , Roivainen Anne , Hirvonen Jouni , Ruskoaho Heikki , Balasubramanian Vimalkumar , Saraste Antti , Santos Hélder A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death worldwide. However, current therapies are unable to restore the function of the injured myocardium. Advanced approaches, such as stimulation of cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation are promising, but suffer from poor pharmacokinetics and possible systemic adverse effects. Nanomedicines can be a solution to the above‐mentioned drawbacks. However, targeting the cardiac tissue still represents a challenge. Herein, a MI‐selective precision nanosystem is developed, that relies on the heart targeting properties of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and lin‐TT1 peptide‐mediated hitchhiking on M2‐like macrophages. The system based on pH‐responsive putrescine‐modified acetalated dextran (Putre‐AcDEX) nanoparticles, shows biocompatibility with cultured cardiac cells, and ANP receptor‐dependent interaction with CMs. Moreover, treatment with nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with two pleiotropic cellular self‐renewal promoting compounds, CHIR99021 and SB203580, induces a 4‐fold increase in bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in primary cardiomyocytes compared to control. In vivo studies confirm that M2‐like macrophages targeting by lin‐TT1 peptide enhances the heart targeting of ANP. In addition, NP administration does not alter the immunological profile of blood and spleen, showing the short‐term safety of the developed system in vivo. Overall, the study results in the development of a peptide‐guided precision nanosystem for delivery of therapeutic compounds to the infarcted heart.
Self‐Assembly Induced Photosensitization of Long‐Tailed Heavy‐Atom‐Free BODIPY Derivatives for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: li Jigai , Du Xianfa , Zhou Xin , Yoon Juyoung 
Published: May 2023

AbstractType I photosensitizers (PSs) are a promising approach for photodynamic therapy (PDT) since they can generate radicals that are tolerant to hypoxia. Thus, the development of highly efficient type I PSs is essential. Self‐assembly is a promising strategy for developing novel PSs with desirable properties. Here, a simple and effective approach is developed to create heavy‐atom‐free PSs for PDT by self‐assembling long‐tailed boron dipyrromethene dyes (BODIPYs). The resulting aggregates BY‐I16 and BY‐I18 can efficiently convert their excited energy to the triplet state, producing reactive oxygen species that are essential for PDT. Furthermore, the aggregation and PDT performance can be regulated by adjusting the length of the tailed alkyl chains. As proof of concept, the efficacy of these heavy‐atom‐free PSs both in vitro and in vivo under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions is demonstrated.
Constructing Oxygen‐Related Defects in Carbon Nanodots with Janus Optical Properties: Noninvasive NIR Fluorescent Imaging and Effective Photocatalytic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Tesen , Cheng Quansheng , Lei Josh Haipeng , Wang Bingzhe , Chang Yifu , Liu Yupeng , Xing Guichuan , Deng Chuxia , Tang Zikang , Qu Songnan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNoninvasive fluorescence (FL) imaging and high‐performance photocatalytic therapy (PCT) are opposing optical properties that are difficult to combine in a single material system. Herein, a facile approach to introducing oxygen‐related defects in carbon dots (CDs) via post‐oxidation with 2‐iodoxybenzoic acid is reported, in which some nitrogen atoms are substituted by oxygen atoms. Unpaired electrons in these oxygen‐related defects rearrange the electronic structure of the oxidized CDs (ox‐CDs), resulting in an emerging near‐infrared (NIR) absorption band. These defects not only contribute to enhanced NIR bandgap emission but also act as trappers for photoexcited electrons to promote efficient charge separation on the surface, leading to abundant photo‐generated holes on the ox‐CDs surface under visible‐light irradiation. Under white LED torch irradiation, the photo‐generated holes oxidize hydroxide to hydroxyl radicals in the acidification of the aqueous solution. In contrast, no hydroxyl radicals are detected in the ox‐CDs aqueous solution under 730 nm laser irradiation, indicating noninvasive NIR FL imaging potential. Utilizing the Janus optical properties of the ox‐CDs, the in vivo NIR FL imaging of sentinel lymph nodes around tumors and efficient photothermal enhanced tumor PCT are demonstrated.
Optical Properties of Electrochemically Gated La1−xSrxCoO3−δ as a Topotactic Phase‐Change Material
Authors: Chakraborty Rohan D. , Postiglione William M. , Ghosh Supriya , Mkhoyan K. Andre , Leighton Chris , Ferry Vivian E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMaterials with tunable infrared refractive index changes have enabled active metasurfaces for novel control of optical circuits, thermal radiation, and more. Ion‐gel‐gated epitaxial films of the perovskite cobaltite La1−xSrxCoO3−δ (LSCO) with 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.70 offer a new route to significant, voltage‐tuned, nonvolatile refractive index modulation for infrared active metasurfaces, shown here through Kramers–Kronig‐consistent dispersion models, structural and electronic transport characterization, and electromagnetic simulations before and after electrochemical reduction. As‐grown perovskite films are high‐index insulators for x < 0.18 but lossy metals for x > 0.18, due to a percolation insulator‐metal transition. Positive‐voltage gating of LSCO transistors with x > 0.18 reveals a metal‐insulator transition from the metallic perovskite phase to a high‐index (n > 2.5), low‐loss insulating phase, accompanied by a perovskite to oxygen‐vacancy‐ordered brownmillerite transformation at high x. At x < 0.18, despite nominally insulating character, the LSCO films undergo remarkable refractive index changes to another lower‐index, lower‐loss insulating perovskite state with Δn > 0.6. In simulations of plasmonic metasurfaces, these metal‐insulator and insulator‐insulator transitions support significant, varied mid‐infrared reflectance modulation, thus framing electrochemically gated LSCO as a diverse library of room‐temperature phase‐change materials for applications including dynamic thermal imaging, camouflage, and optical memories.
Mechanochemical Defluorinative Acylation of ortho‐Hydroxyarylenaminones by CF3‐Compounds: Synthesis of 3‐Acylchromones
Authors: Mkrtchyan Satenik , Purohit Vishal B. , Khutsishvili Spartak , Nociarová Jela , Yar Muhammad , Mahmood Tariq , Ayub Khurshid , Budzák Šimon , Skoršepa Marek , Iaroshenko Viktor O. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn alternative strategy for the mechanochemical defluorinative acylation of ortho‐hydroxyarylenaminones has been developed to synthesise 3‐acylchromones utilizing CF3‐compounds via activation of the C−F bound of the trifluoromethyl group in the presence of ytterbia (Yb2O3). The current protocol tolerated a wide range of coupling substrates to access a library of diversely substituted 3‐acylchromones under the mechanochemically induced domino cyclisation mode. This is the first report for the deflourinative transformation of the inert CF3 group to the corresponding carbonyl functionality under the mechanochemical conditions.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Branch‐Selective and Enantioselective C2‐Alkylation of N‐Benzimidazolyl Indoles
Authors: Yamakawa Kentaro , Nishimura Takahiro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIridium‐catalyzed enantioselective C2‐alkylation of indole derivatives with terminal alkenes proceeded to give branched alkylation products with high enantioselectivity (39–99% yields, 20–91% ee). The reaction of indole derivatives having an N‐substituted benzimidazolyl as a directing group gave the branch‐selective alkylated products. Styrene derivatives and allylsilanes were good substrates displaying high enantioselectivity. The directing group was readily removed in several ways.
Double‐Layered Polyvinylpyrrolidone–Poly(methyl vinyl ether‐alt‐maleic acid)‐Based Microneedles to Deliver Meloxicam: An In Vitro, In Vivo, and Short‐Term Stability Evaluation Study
Authors: D'Amico Carmine , Fontana Flavia , El‐Sayed Nesma , Elbadri Khalil , Correia Alexandra , Rahikkala Antti , Saarinen Jukka , Shahbazi Mohammad‐Ali , Santos Hélder A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study aims to explore the use of polymeric microneedles (MNs) for the transdermal delivery of drugs, a noninvasive and convenient method that avoids first‐pass metabolism and gastrointestinal complications. Specifically, a double‐layered MN formulation is developed using polyvinylpyrrolidone and cross‐linked poly(methyl vinyl ether‐alt‐maleic acid), comprising a dissolvable layer and a hydrogel‐forming layer. Meloxicam serves as the model drug, and no organic solvents are employed in the manufacturing process to reduce toxicity. Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) is utilized to confirm that the manufacturing process does not alter the drug's physical properties. In vitro and ex vivo studies demonstrate that the double‐layered MN formulation exhibits faster drug release in the first few hours, followed by a slower release. This results in extended bioavailability in vivo compared to the commercial oral formulation of meloxicam. Preliminary results indicate that the MN formulation is also effective in pain relief and inflammation reduction. The short‐term stability of the MN formulation is also confirmed, including its mechanical properties, sustained skin permeability, drug physical properties and distribution within MNs using CARS microscopy. Overall, these results suggest that the double‐layered MN formulation holds significant potential for transdermal drug delivery, offering a safer and more effective alternative to traditional oral administration.
Photoelectric Performance of Several Dithienoheterocycles Dyes and Nanocomposite of Dyes/Graphene Quantum Dots for DSSCs
Authors: Sun Dehao , Yang Canpu , Liu Tao , Li Yuanzuo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThree D‐A’‐π‐A type of metal‐free organic sensitizers, which are based on naphtho [2,3‐d] [1‐3] triazole entity as auxiliary acceptor and several dithienoheterocycles (cyclopentadithiophene, dithieno[3,2‐b:2’,3’‐d]silole, dithieno[3,2‐b:2’,3’‐d]pyrrole) as π‐conjugated bridge, are investigated using density functional theory (DFT)/time‐dependent DFT methods. First, the influence of different π‐bridges on the photovoltaic properties in three dyes is analyzed by mainly studying geometry structures, spectral characteristics, electron injection, dye regeneration, and charge difference density to explain highest performance of HJL‐3. Second, molecular design of introducing graphene quantum dots (GQDs) is carried out, and the results find that HJL‐3@GQDs display better photoelectric performance because GQDs have a positive impact on some parameters (such as light‐harvesting efficiency, electron injection amounts, dipole moment, and so on) upon introducing GQDs. This work provides a reasonable explanation for the experiment and a way to regulate performance of dye‐sensitized solar cells.
The NO Answer for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Tripathi Manish Kumar , Ojha Shashank Kumar , Kartawy Maryam , Hamoudi Wajeha , Choudhary Ashwani , Stern Shani , Aran Adi , Amal Haitham 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAutism spectrum disorders (ASDs) include a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders. Several reports showed that mutations in different high‐risk ASD genes lead to ASD. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been deciphered. Recently, they reported a dramatic increase in nitric oxide (NO) levels in ASD mouse models. Here, they conducted a multidisciplinary study to investigate the role of NO in ASD. High levels of nitrosative stress biomarkers are found in both the Shank3 and Cntnap2 ASD mouse models. Pharmacological intervention with a neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) inhibitor in both models led to a reversal of the molecular, synaptic, and behavioral ASD‐associated phenotypes. Importantly, treating iPSC‐derived cortical neurons from patients with SHANK3 mutation with the nNOS inhibitor showed similar therapeutic effects. Clinically, they found a significant increase in nitrosative stress biomarkers in the plasma of low‐functioning ASD patients. Bioinformatics of the SNO‐proteome revealed that the complement system is enriched in ASD. This novel work reveals, for the first time, that NO plays a significant role in ASD. Their important findings will open novel directions to examine NO in diverse mutations on the spectrum as well as in other neurodevelopmental disorders. Finally, it suggests a novel strategy for effectively treating ASD.