bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Racism, the USPS, and Voting by Mail On- and Off-Reservation in Arizona
Authors: Schroedel Jean , Rogers Melissa , Dietrich Joseph 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDuring the 2020 election, voting by mail greatly expanded due to concerns with COVID-19. While voting by mail is relatively easy for most individuals, who have United States Postal Service (USPS) residential mail service, it is much more difficult for those with nonstandard mail service. In this article, we examine how decisions made by the USPS in the latter part of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries have resulted in deeply entrenched structural inequities in the access to mail services on the Navajo Nation in Arizona when compared to rural nonreservation communities. Most (89 percent) of current Post Offices were established during the settler colonial period, during which sites were chosen primarily to advance military objectives and serve the interests of Anglo-American settlers. The resulting inequitable pattern of postal access remains, resulting in inferior mail service on the Navajo Nation and adversely impacting many aspects of life. Post Offices are fewer and farther from each other on reservation communities; there are fewer service hours; and we show in a mail experiment that letters posted on reservations are slower and less likely to arrive. This research fits within the growing body of American political development research on path-dependent processes and “spatial racism” within geography.
TYMS promotes genomic instability and tumor progression in Ink4a/Arf null background
Authors: Guijarro Maria V. , Nawab Akbar , Dib Peter , Burkett Sandra , Luo Xiaoping , Feely Michael , Nasri Elham , Seifert Robert P. , Kaye Frederic J. , Zajac-Kaye Maria 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe previously showed that elevated TYMS exhibits oncogenic properties and promotes tumorigenesis after a long latency, suggesting cooperation with sequential somatic mutations. Here we report the cooperation of ectopic expression of human TYMS with loss of Ink4a/Arf, one of the most commonly mutated somatic events in human cancer. Using an hTS/Ink4a/Arf−/− genetically engineered mouse model we showed that deregulated TYMS expression in Ink4a/Arf null background accelerates tumorigenesis and metastasis. In addition, tumors from TYMS-expressing mice were associated with a phenotype of genomic instability including enhanced double strand DNA damage, aneuploidy and loss of G1/S checkpoint. Downregulation of TYMS in vitro decreased cell proliferation and sensitized tumor cells to antimetabolite chemotherapy. In addition, depletion of TYMS in vivo by TYMS shRNA reduced tumor incidence, delayed tumor progression and prolonged survival in hTS/Ink4a/Arf−/− mice. Our data shows that activation of TYMS in Ink4a/Arf null background enhances uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumor growth, supporting the development of new agents and strategies targeting TYMS to delay tumorigenesis and prolong survival.
Provenance and deposition of a lithified volcanic-rich layer (VRL-5.5) at 5.5 Ma from Central Apennines (Italy)
Authors: Potere Davide , Iezzi Gianluca , Scisciani Vittorio , Tangari Anna Chiara , Nazzari Manuela 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTwo slightly lithified volcanic rich layers (VRL) (former tephra) SVT-2 (San Vittorino) and CAC (Castiglione a Casauria) were sampled from two distinct post-evaporitic Messinian stratigraphic sections (Abruzzo, Central Italy). They crop only few tens of km apart and are predominantly massive, although some specimens show sedimentary structures. Both VRLs were investigated for the first time by field, mesoscopic, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), transmission optical microscopy (TOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), bulk composition, electron-microprobe analysis (EMPA) and quantitative textural attributes by image analysis. The XRPD analysis detects the presence of a glass phase, plus few (< 2 area %) magmatic-like feldspars, clinopyroxene and biotite and stratigraphically variable sedimentary minerals such as calcite, dolomite, illite and montmorillonite (from 0 to 40 area %). The 2D image analysis performed on SEM microphotographs reveals that both sections are composed of very fine glass shards, magmatic minerals are never isolated, whilst the carbonate crystals mainly fill voids among volcanic particles. Both these VRLs have identical rhyolitic glass compositions that closely overlap with those of previously-studied coeval and stratigraphically related sections occurring in the northern Apennine region and dated as 5.5 Ma. The 2D textural features of glassy particles (length, width, aspect ratio, grain-size distribution, MZ , σi, SKi, KG and roundness) in both SVT-2 and CAC sections are very similar and also close to the northern section of Camporotondo (Marche region). The outcomes provided here indicate that SVT-2 and CAC sections represent the southernmost distal deposits of the same large eruption that occurred about 5.5 Ma (VRL-5.5). They result from distal fallout of tephra through seawater, occasionally remobilised under low energy and localised conditions, especially in the uppermost part of the CAC section. All the VRL-5.5 rocks are probably related to a very large eruption that occurred in the Carpathian-Pannonian magmatic district. The analytical protocols used in this study can be useful to investigate other ancient volcanic-rich layers, corresponding to lithified tephra.
The role of self-esteem as moderator of the relationship between experienced stigma and anxiety and depression among tuberculosis patients
Authors: Chen Xu , Chen Yunting , Zhou Ling , Tong Jiao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAnxiety and depression are very common in tuberculosis (TB) patients and can adversely affect TB treatment adherence, ultimately leading to higher morbidity, mortality and drug resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the association among experienced stigma, self-esteem and anxiety and depression, and to further explore whether self-esteem could be a moderator in the association between experienced stigma and anxiety and depression in TB patients. A total of 473 TB patients from Dalian, Liaoning Province, Northeast China participated in a cross-sectional survey. A structured questionnaire was developed to collect data. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to analyze the association among experienced stigma, self-esteem and experienced stigma × self-esteem interaction with anxiety and depression. Simple slope analysis was applied to visualize the interaction. Experienced stigma was positively associated with anxiety (B = 0.307, P < 0.01) and depression (B = 0.277, P < 0.01), and self-esteem was negatively associated with anxiety (B = − 0.215, P < 0.01) and depression (B = − 0.351, P < 0.01) in TB patients. The association between experienced stigma and anxiety was different in the low (1 standard deviation (SD) below the mean, B = 0.376, standard error (SE) = 0.056, P < 0.01) and high (1 SD above the mean, B = 0.228, SE = 0.060, P < 0.01) groups of self-esteem. Additionally, the association between experienced stigma and depression was also different in the low (1 SD below the mean, B = 0.363, SE = 0.053, P < 0.01) and high (1 SD above the mean, B = 0.179, SE = 0.056, P < 0.01) groups of self-esteem. Self-esteem could moderate the association between experienced stigma and anxiety and depression. In addition to reducing experienced stigma, enhancing self-esteem as a way to reduce the impact of experienced stigma on anxiety and depression can also help improve the mental health of TB patients.
Increased TG to HDL-C ratio is associated with severity of drug-induced liver injury
Authors: Jia Xiaoqing , Zhang Xiaoting , Yan Ming , Sun Dalong , Li Rong , Yang Na , Luo Zheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe investigated the relationship between dyslipidemia and drug-induced liver injury (DILI), especially the level of triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) in severe DILI. In this single-centered retrospective study, of 326 patients with DILI, 221 patients were analyzed. Control groups include medication using group and acute hepatitis B group. The relationship between dyslipidemia and DILI was estimated. Demographic and clinical features were analyzed. Dyslipidemia and TG/HDL-C ratios were compared between DILI and control groups, DILI mild group and severe group. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the credibility of the relationship and to find cut-off points. Dyslipidemia is related to DILI when compared with medication using control group (AOR 4.60; 95% CI 2.81–7.54; P < 0.01) and compared with acute hepatitis B group (AOR 2.12; 95% CI 1.37–3.29; P < 0.01). Dyslipidemia is associated with the severity of DILI (AOR 25.78; 95% CI 7.63–87.1; P < 0.01). TG/HDL-C ratio is higher in DILI group than that of medication using control group, also higher in severe DILI group than that of mild DILI group. AUCs for TG/HDL-C ratio to indicate the severity of DILI was 0.89 (P < 0.05), the cut-off point was 2.35. Dyslipidemia and TG/HDL-C ratio were related to DILI occurrence. Severe liver injury in DILI was associated with dyslipidemia and elevated TG/HDL-C ratio.
Importance of humidity for characterization and communication of dangerous heatwave conditions
Authors: Cvijanovic Ivana , Mistry Malcolm N. , Begg James D. , Gasparrini Antonio , Rodó Xavier 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHeatwaves are one of the leading causes of climate-induced mortality. Using the examples of recent heatwaves in Europe, the United States and Asia, we illustrate how the communication of dangerous conditions based on temperature maps alone can lead to insufficient societal perception of health risks. Comparison of maximum daily values of temperature with physiological heat stress indices accounting for impacts of both temperature and humidity, illustrates substantial differences in geographical extent and timing of their respective peak values during these recent events. This signals the need to revisit how meteorological heatwaves and their expected impacts are communicated. Close collaboration between climate and medical communities is needed to select the best heat stress indicators, establish them operationally, and introduce them to the public.
Spatial transcriptomics reveal topological immune landscapes of Asian head and neck angiosarcoma
Authors: Loh Jui Wan , Lee Jing Yi , Lim Abner Herbert , Guan Peiyong , Lim Boon Yee , Kannan Bavani , Lee Elizabeth Chun Yong , Gu Ning Xin , Ko Tun Kiat , Ng Cedric Chuan-Young , Lim Jeffrey Chun Tatt , Yeong Joe , Lim Jing Quan , Ong Choon Kiat , Teh Bin Tean , Chan Jason Yongsheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAngiosarcomas are rare malignant tumors of the endothelium, arising commonly from the head and neck region (AS-HN) and recently associated with ultraviolet (UV) exposure and human herpesvirus-7 infection. We examined 81 cases of angiosarcomas, including 47 cases of AS-HN, integrating information from whole genome sequencing, gene expression profiling and spatial transcriptomics (10X Visium). In the AS-HN cohort, we observed recurrent somatic mutations in CSMD3 (18%), LRP1B (18%), MUC16 (18%), POT1 (16%) and TP53 (16%). UV-positive AS-HN harbored significantly higher tumor mutation burden than UV-negative cases (p = 0.0294). NanoString profiling identified three clusters with distinct tumor inflammation signature scores (p < 0.001). Spatial transcriptomics revealed topological profiles of the tumor microenvironment, identifying dominant but tumor-excluded inflammatory signals in immune-hot cases and immune foci even in otherwise immune-cold cases. In conclusion, spatial transcriptomics reveal the tumor immune landscape of angiosarcoma, and in combination with multi-omic information, may improve implementation of treatment strategies.
Investigating the Hubble Tension Through Hubble Parameter Data
Authors: Thakur Rahul Kumar , Gupta Shashikant , Nigam Rahul , Thiruvikraman PK 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Hubble constant (H
0), which represents the expansion rate of the universe, is one of the most important cosmological parameters. The recent measurements of H
0 using the distance ladder methods such as type Ia supernovae are significantly greater than the CMB measurements by Planck. The difference points to a crisis in the standard model of cosmology termed Hubble tension. In this work we compare different cosmological models, determine the Hubble constant and comment on the Hubble tension using the data from differential ages of galaxies. The data we use are free from systematic effects as the absolute age estimation of the galaxies is not needed. We apply the Bayesian approach along with the commonly used maximum likelihood method to estimate H
0 and calculate the AIC scores to compare the different cosmological models. The non-flat cosmological model provides a higher value for matter density as well as the Hubble constant compared to the flat ΛCDM model. The AIC score is smaller for the flat ΛCDM cosmology compared to the non-flat model indicating the flat model a better choice. The best-fit values of H
0 for both these models are 68.7 ± 3.1 km s−1 Mpc−1 and 72.2 ± 4 km s−1 Mpc−1, respectively. Our results are consistent with the CCHP measurements. However, the flat model result does not agree with the SH0ES result, while the non-flat result is inconsistent with the Planck value.
Accelerating the variational quantum eigensolver using parallelism
Authors: Mineh Lana , Montanaro Ashley 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Quantum computers are getting larger and larger, but device fidelities may not be able to keep up with the increase in qubit numbers. One way to make use of a large device that has a limited gate depth is to run many small circuits simultaneously. In this paper we detail our investigations into running circuits in parallel on the Rigetti Aspen-M-1 device. We run two-qubit circuits in parallel to solve a simple instance of the Hubbard model using the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE). We present results for running up to 33 circuits in parallel (66 qubits), showing that with the use of error mitigation techniques it is possible to make use of, and gain a real-time speedup from, parallelisation on current quantum hardware. We obtain a speedup by 18× for exploring the VQE energy landscape, and by more than 8× for running VQE optimisation.
Lithium aluminum alloy anodes in Li-ion rechargeable batteries: Past developments, recent progress, and future prospects
Authors: Zheng Tianye , Boles Steven T 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Aluminum metal has long been known to function as an anode in lithium-ion batteries owing to its capacity, low potential, and effective suppression of dendrite growth. However, seemingly intrinsic degradation during cycling has made it less attractive throughout the years compared to graphitic carbon, silicon-blends, and more recently lithium metal itself. Nevertheless, with the recent unprecedented growth of the lithium-ion battery industry, this review aims to revisit aluminum as an anode material, particularly in light of important advancements in understanding the electrochemical lithium-aluminum system, as well as the growth of activity in solid-state batteries where cell designs may conveniently mitigate problems found in traditional liquid cells. Furthermore, this review culminates by highlighting several non-trivial points including: 1) Prelithiatied aluminum anodes, with β-LiAl serving as an intercalation host, can be effectively immortal, depending on formation and cycling conditions; 2) the common knowledge of aluminum having a capacity of 993 mAh g-1 is inaccurate and attributed to kinetic limitations, thus silicon and lithium should not stand alone as the only ‘high-capacity’ candidates in the roadmap for future lithium-ion cells; 3) replacement of Cu current collectors with Al-based foil anodes may simplify lithium-ion battery manufacturing and has important safety implications due to the galvanic stability of Al at high potentials vs. Li/Li+. Irrespective of the type of Li-ion device of interest, this review may be useful for those in the broader community to enhance their understanding of general alloy anode behavior, as the methodologies reported here can be extended to non-Al anodes and consequently, even to Na-ion and K-ion devices.
Selective liquid directional steering enabled by dual-scale reentrant ratchets
Authors: Sun Jing , Qin Xuezhi , Song Yuxin , Xu Zhenyu , Zhang Chao , Wang Wei , Wang Zhaokun , Wang Bin , Wang Zuankai 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Achieving well-controlled directional steering of liquids is of great significance for both fundamental study and practical applications, such as microfluidics, biomedicine, and heat management. Recent advances allow liquids with different surface tensions to select their spreading directions on a same surface composed of macro ratchets with dual reentrant curvatures. Nevertheless, such intriguing directional steering function relies on 3D printed sophisticated structures and additional polishing process to eliminate the inevitable microgrooves-like surface deficiency generated from printing process, which increases the manufacturing complexity and severally hinders practical applications. Herein, we developed a simplified dual-scale structure that enables directional liquid steering via a straightforward 3D printing process without the need of any physical and chemical post-treatment. The dual-scale structure consists of macroscale tilt ratchet equipped with a reentrant tip and microscale grooves that decorated on the whole surface along a specific orientation. Distinct from conventional design requiring the elimination of microgrooves-like surface deficiency, we demonstrated that the microgrooves of dual-scale structure play a key role in delaying or promoting the local flow of liquids, tuning of which could even enable liquids select different spreading pathways. This study provides a new insight for developing surfaces with tunable multi-scale structures, and also advances our fundamental understanding of the interaction between liquid spreading dynamics and surface topography.
Cardiovascular outcomes in hepatitis C virus infected patients treated with direct acting antiviral therapy: a retrospective multi-institutional study
Authors: Wu Victor Chien-Chia , Huang Chien-Hao , Wang Chun-Li , Lin Meng-Hung , Kuo Ting-Yu , Chang Chih-Hsiang , Wu Michael , Chen Shao-Wei , Chang Shang-Hung , Chu Pao-Hsien , Wu Cheng-Shyong , Lin Yu-Sheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with increased cardiovascular risks. We aimed to investigate the impact of direct acting antiviral (DAA) on HCV-associated cardiovascular events.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, patients with the diagnosis of chronic HCV were retrieved from multi-institutional electronic medical records, where diagnosis of HCV was based on serum HCV antibody and HCV–RNA test. The patients eligible for analysis were then separated into patients with DAA treatment and patient without DAA treatment. Primary outcomes included acute coronary syndrome, heart failure (HF), venous thromboembolism (VTE), stroke, cardiovascular death, major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), and all-cause mortality. Outcomes developed during follow-up were compared between DAA treatment and non-DAA treatment groups.ResultsThere were 41 565 patients with chronic HCV infection identified. After exclusion criteria applied, 1984 patients in the DAA treatment group and 413 patients in the non-DAA treatment group were compared for outcomes using inverse probability of treatment weighting. Compared to patients in non-DAA treatment group, patients in DAA treatment group were associated with significantly decreased HF (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44–0.97, P = 0.035), VTE (HR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.07–0.49, P = 0.001), MACE (HR: 0.73, 95% CI 0.59–0.92, P = 0.007), and all-cause mortality (HR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.38–0.67, P &lt; 0.001) at 3-year follow-up.ConclusionsChronic HCV patients treated with DAA experienced lower rates of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality than those without treatment. The reduction of VTE was the most significant impact of DAA treatment among the cardiovascular outcomes.
Association Between 24-Hour Movement Behavior and Cognitive Function in Brazilian Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Findings From the ELSA-Brasil
Authors: Feter Natan , de Paula Danilo , dos Reis Rodrigo Citton P , Alvim Matos Sheila Maria , Barreto Sandhi Maria , Duncan Bruce Bartholow , Schmidt Maria Inês 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The relationship between 24-hr movement behavior and specific domains of cognitive function is unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify the joint association of daily time spent in light (light-intensity physical activity [LPA]) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep with cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults.

Research Design and Methods
Cross-sectional data from Wave 3 (2017–2019) of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health were analyzed. The study included adults aged 41–84 years old. Physical activity was assessed using a waist-worn accelerometer. Cognitive function was examined using standardized tests to assess memory, language, and Trail-Making test. Global cognitive function score was calculated by averaging domain-specific scores. Compositional isotemporal substitution models were performed to identify the association between the reallocation of time spent in LPA, MVPA, sleep, and SB with cognitive function.

Results
Participants (n = 8,608) were 55.9% female (mean age 58.9 [8.6] years). Reallocating time from SB to MVPA was associated with higher cognitive function: Reallocating 15 min to MVPA by reducing 5 min from each other behavior was associated with increased odds of better cognitive function in both insufficient (&lt;7 hr/day; odds ratio [OR]: 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54–0.77) and sufficient (≥7 hr/day; OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.58–0.67) sleep groups. Among those with insufficient sleep, reallocating time to MVPA and sleep from SB was associated with higher global cognitive performance.

Discussion and Implications
Small reductions in SB and increments in MVPA were associated with higher cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults.
If Your Adolescent Has Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Evans Dwight L. , Benton Tami D. , Ellison Katherine 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
If Your Adolescent Has Bipolar Disorder: An Essential Resource for Parents provides a definitive guide to understanding and getting effective help for adolescents with bipolar disorder. The guide is primarily designed for parents and other adults in contact with teenagers with bipolar disorder. Most current scientific expertise available today has been combined with no-nonsense, hands-on advice from parents who have faced their children’s bipolar disorder. The scientific expertise ranges between the newest treatments and medications and the latest research findings on bipolar disorder. If Your Adolescent Has Bipolar Disorder aims to provide information and tools parents need to aid teenagers to achieve the best possible outcome in coping with their condition.
Introduction
Authors: Evans Dwight L. , Benton Tami D. , Ellison Katherine 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the concept of bipolar disorder found in adolescents. It defines bipolar disorder as a mood disorder of a potentially harmful variety of ordinary course of shifting attitudes and behavior. The disorder mostly consists of some degree of mania and alternates with cycles of depression or pervasive sadness. The chapter cites the increased demand for mental health care professionals, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic triggered traumas, frustrations, and social isolation. It suggests parents seek help with professional diagnosis and treatment if their child is suspected to have bipolar disorder. After all, bipolar disorder could potentially get worse when left undiagnosed and untreated.