bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causal effect of adiposity on the risk of 19 gastrointestinal diseases: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Kim Min Seo , Song Minku , Kim Soyeon , Kim Beomsu , Kang Wonseok , Kim Jong Yeob , Myung Woojae , Lee Inhyeok , Do Ron , Khera Amit V. , Won Hong‐Hee 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveAlthough the association between adiposity and gastrointestinal (GI) diseases has been explored, the causal effects of adiposity on GI diseases are largely unknown.MethodsMendelian randomization was conducted using single‐nucleotide polymorphisms associated with BMI and waist circumference (WC) as instrumental variables, and the causal associations of BMI or WC with GI conditions were estimated among >400,000 UK Biobank participants, >170,000 Finnish‐descent participants, and numerous consortia participants of predominantly European ancestry.ResultsGenetically predicted BMI was robustly associated with increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, and primary biliary cholangitis. For the diseases, the odds ratio per 1‐SD increase in genetically predicted BMI (4.77 kg/m2) ranged from 1.22 (95% CI: 1.12–1.34; p < 0.0001) for NAFLD to 1.65 (95% CI: 1.31–2.06; p < 0.0001) for cholecystitis. Genetically predicted WC was robustly associated with increased risk of NAFLD, alcoholic liver disease, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, colon cancer, and gastric cancer. Alcoholic liver disease was consistently associated with WC even after adjusting for alcohol consumption in a multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis. The odds ratio per 1‐SD increase in genetically predicted WC (12.52 cm) for such associations ranged from 1.41 (95% CI: 1.17–1.70; p = 0.0015) for gastric cancer to 1.74 (95% CI: 1.21–1.78; p < 0.0001) for cholelithiasis.ConclusionsHigh genetically predicted adiposity was causally associated with an increased risk of GI abnormalities, particularly of hepatobiliary organs (liver, biliary tract, and gallbladder) that are functionally related to fat metabolism.image
Long COVID in Uganda: Electrographic findings among patients at risk
Authors: Semulimi Andrew Weil , Batte Charles , Iraguha Daniel , Okwir Pamela Apio , Atuhaire Hope , Lipoto Chelsea , Muwonge Tonny , Namirembe Norah , Lubega Grace Biyinzika , Ainembabazi Provia , Mukisa John , Bongomin Felix , Ssinabulya Isaac , Okello Emmy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 has a significant cardiovascular involvement. An electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities among people at a risk of Long COVID in Uganda was investigated.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted from February to June 2022 at the post COVID‐19 clinic in Mulago National Specialized Hospital, Kampala. A standard resting ECG was performed on individuals at least 2 months following acute COVID‐19, with a negative SARS‐CoV‐2 reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. Socio‐demographic and clinical characteristics as well as vital signs were recorded for all study participants.ResultsOf the 244 study participants, 117 (47.9%) were female. The median age of all the participants was 33.0 (interquartile range: 26.0–43.5) years. Twenty‐five (10.2%) participants had a history of smoking, whereas 117 (48%) had a history of alcohol intake. In total, 46 (18.9%) had abnormal ECG findings (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 14.39–24.29), and nonspecific T‐wave inversion (n = 16, 34%) was the most frequent ECG abnormality. The proportion of participants with ECG abnormalities was 48% lower among females (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.28–0.96, p value <0.05) and twofold greater for those with a history of smoking (aPR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.096–3.776, p value <0.05).ConclusionOne in five Ugandans who were checked at the clinic at a risk of Long COVID showed ECG abnormalities. ECG screening is suggested to be integrated into the follow‐up care of those at a risk of Long COVID.
Children with special needs and their access to rehabilitation services in the Philippines: A Q methodology study on perceived barriers by family members
Authors: Chiu Irish Mae C. , Sy Michael P. , Oruga Myra D. P. , Bonito Sheila R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildhood disability remains a lowly prioritized and funded international health concern in the world today. Exacerbated by poverty, a lack of bureaucratic support, and societal discrimination, rehabilitation services are not readily accessible for Filipino families who happen to have a child with disability. This article intends to determine the perceived barriers of Filipino service users when it comes to accessing rehabilitation services for children with special needs in Cagayan de Oro City and to propose suggestions to improve the access to rehabilitation services from an international health perspective.MethodsThe study utilized the four‐phased Q methodology, a mixed‐method research design with an exploratory sequential approach: (1) creating and validating the Q‐sort statements, (2) Q‐sorting administration, (3) factor analysis, and (4) interpreting factors.ResultsAfter going through the four phases of Q methodology, the following factors, called “viewpoints” emerged: systemic discrimination based on differences in culture and ethnicity (Viewpoint 1), socioeconomic factors such as affordability and accessibility (Viewpoint 2), and predisposed health beliefs and lack of trust to health professionals (Viewpoint 3).DiscussionBarriers to accessing rehabilitation services in the Philippines go beyond the lack of individual resources. These perceived barriers can be mitigated by employing participatory and collaborative approaches in developing rehabilitation programs for children and their families, viable strategies such as integrating telehealth in the rehabilitation process, and cultural competence in recognizing folkloric beliefs as a way to build trust toward health‐care professionals.ConclusionThis article determined contextualized barriers when accessing health and rehabilitation services based on service users themselves, which in turn hopes to promote inclusive, justice‐oriented, and culturally focused rehabilitation services underpinned by international health principles.
Peaking hydropower and fish assemblages: an example from the Tallapoosa River, AL
Authors: Lamb Elijah B. , DeVries Dennis R. , Wright Russell A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDams alter many aspects of riverine environments and can have broad effects on aquatic organisms and habitats both upstream and downstream. While dams and associated reservoirs can provide many services to people (hydropower, recreation, flood control, and navigation), they can also negatively affect riverine ecosystems. In particular, hydropeaking dams affect downstream fish habitats by increasing variability in discharge and temperature. To assess the effects of Harris Dam on the Tallapoosa River, AL, operating under an adaptive management plan implemented in 2005, we sampled fish for community analyses from four sites on the river: three in the regulated reach downstream of the dam, and one unregulated site upstream. Fish were collected every other month using boat/barge electrofishing. We used Shannon's H, nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), a multiresponse permutation procedure (MRPP), and indicator species analysis to quantify patterns in fish assemblage structure and determine how assemblages varied among sites. NMDS and MRPP indicated significant fish assemblage differences among sites, with the tailrace fish assemblage being distinct from the other downstream sites and sites becoming more similar to the upstream, unregulated site (relative to fish assemblages) with distance downstream of the tailrace. The tailrace fish assemblage included higher proportions of rheophilic species that may be better suited to variable and/or high flows. Altered fish assemblages demonstrated continued effects of Harris Dam on the downstream aquatic systems, particularly close to the dam. These effects may indicate that further mitigation should be considered depending on conservation and management goals.
Fungal isolation and identification from parrot excreta in northeast Iran: A threat to human health
Authors: Malekifard Mahdis , Ghaniei Abolfazl , Eidi Samaneh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundOne of the environmental sources of pathogenic fungi is parrot droppings.ObjectivesThus, this work aimed to investigate fungal contamination in parrots’ droppings.MethodsSeventy‐nine parrot droppings including Cockatiel, Cockatoo, Green check conure, Love bird, Budgerigar, African grey parrot, Alexandrine parakeet, Amazon parrot, Yellow crown parakeet, and Macaw were sampled, and suspended 1:10 in saline solution and then 0.5 mL of supernatant was cultured. The fungi were identified by standard mycological techniques.ResultsFungal contamination was detected in 66 samples (83.54%) out of 79 samples. Yeast and mould fungi were respectively isolated from 44 samples (55.69%) and 36 samples (45.56%) out of 79 samples. Overall 105 fungal isolates were isolated from parrot excreta. Cryptococcus neoformans (17.14%), Rhizopus spp. (10.47%), Rhodotorula spp. and Aspergillus niger (6.66%), and Penicillium spp. (5.71%) were the most fungi isolated from faecal samples.ConclusionsThe evidence from this study suggests that the rate of fungal contamination in parrots’ excreta was high. Keeping parrots in the house and their close contact with humans can double the importance of these contaminations and provide the basis for the transmission of contamination to humans. Therefore, the accumulations of parrot faeces for long periods suggest a potential threat to public health.
Odontogenic periorbital cutaneous fistulae in three West Highland white terriers
Authors: Faux Ian , Thompson Jamie‐Leigh , Tundo Ingrid 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThree dogs presented to a referral hospital with periorbital cutaneous fistulae. Investigations in all patients identified odontogenic disease as the cause of the fistulae. Treatment by tooth extraction was undertaken in all patients and resulted in resolution of the fistulae. Patients presenting with facial fistulae or swellings should undergo a thorough intra‐oral examination and dental radiography or computed tomography to diagnose/exclude odontogenic cutaneous fistulae. Dental extraction or endodontic treatment is indicated for treatment of odontogenic cutaneous fistulae and is curative.
Natural progression of the pubofemoral distance with age and its correlation with future acetabular index
Authors: Chang Wen-Chieh , Hsu Kuei-Hsiang , Su Yu-Ping 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objectives
This study investigated the progression of pubofemoral distance (PFD) with age and assessed the correlation between PFD and late acetabular index (AI) measurements.

Methods
This prospective observational study was conducted between January 2017 and December 2021. We enrolled 223 newborns who underwent the first, second, and third hip ultrasounds, and pelvis radiograph at a mean age of 18.6 days, 3.1 months, 5.2 months, and 6.8 months, respectively. The difference between PFD measured at serial ultrasounds and the correlation with AI were analyzed.

Results
The PFD increased significantly (p < 0.001) at serial measurements. The mean PFD at the first, second, and third ultrasounds were 3.3 (2.0–5.7), 4.3 (2.9–7.2), and 5.1 (3.3–8.0) mm, respectively. The PFD at three ultrasounds were all significantly (p < 0.001) and positively correlated with AI, with the Pearson correlation coefficients being 0.658, 0.696, and 0.753 for the first, second, and third ultrasounds, respectively. Using AI as reference, the diagnostic ability of PFD was calculated by the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve, which was 0.845, 0.902, and 0.938 for the first, second, and third PFD, respectively. For the first, second, and third ultrasounds, PFD cutoff values of ≥ 3.9, ≥ 5.0, and ≥ 5.7 mm, respectively, yielded the greatest sensitivity and specificity in predicting late abnormal AI.

Conclusion
The PFD naturally progresses with age and is positively correlated with AI. The PFD has potential for predicting residual dysplasia. However, the cutoff for abnormal PFD values may require adjustment according to the patient’s age.

Key Points
• The pubofemoral distance measured in hip ultrasonography naturally increases as the infant’s hips mature.
• The early pubofemoral distance demonstrates a positive correlation with late acetabular index measurements.
• The pubofemoral distance may help physicians predict abnormal acetabular index. However, the cutoff for abnormal pubofemoral distance values may require adjustment according to patient’s age.
Effect of simulated acute bilateral severe conductive hearing loss on static balance function in healthy subjects: a prospective observational pilot study
Authors: Westermann-Lammers Johanna , Salameh Jawad , Dobel Christian , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Maintaining static balance is a process coordinated by central integration of visual, vestibular and somatosensory information. Whether or not hearing and spatial acoustic information contributes to the maintenance of static postural balance is unclear.

Methods
A prospective observational pilot study was performed. Twenty-five normal hearing adults (68% female; 19–31 years) underwent a computerized dynamic posturography test battery including the Sensory Organization Test (SOT), the Motor Control Test (MCT), and the Adaptation Test (ADT). The balance tests were performed two times, in a randomized sequence without or with acute hearing loss. Earplugs (sound insulation 37 dB) or headphones with white noise (sound volume 75 dB) induced the conductive hearing loss. Hence, all participants passed through four sequences of the balance test battery. A repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the results.

Results
The ANOVA revealed no difference for any SOT and ADT subtest without hearing loss and simulated hearing loss (either earplugs or headphones; all p > 0.05). The ANOVA showed no longer latencies with simulated hearing loss compared to no hearing loss in both experiments with one exception: the reaction of the right foot during large forward translation was longer with hearing loss than without hearing loss in both experiments (p = 0.025).

Conclusions
Overall, a simulated acute conductive bilateral moderate or severe hearing loss did not disturb the static balance function in normal hearing younger adults in this first small pilot study.
Comparing sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on new-onset depression: a propensity score-matched study in Hong Kong
Authors: Mui Jonathan V. , Li Lifang , Chou Oscar Hou In , Azfar Nida , Lee Athena , Hui Jeremy , Lee Sharen , Tse Gary , Zhou Jiandong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The risk of new onset depression associated with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2I) use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. This study investigated the risk of new onset depression between SGLT2I and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4I) users.

Methods
This was a population-based cohort study of T2DM patients in Hong Kong between January 1st, 2015, and December 31st, 2019. T2DM patients over 18 with either SGLT2I or DPP4I use were included. 1:1 propensity-score matching using the nearest-neighbour method was conducted based on demographics, past comorbidities and non-DPP4I/SGLT2I medication use. Cox regression analysis models were used to identify significant predictors for new onset depression.

Results
The study cohort included a total of 18,309 SGLT2I users and 37,269 DPP4I users (55.57% male, mean age: 63.5 ± 12.9 years) with a median follow-up duration of 5.56 (IQR: 5.23–5.8) years. After propensity score matching, SGLT2I use was associated with a lower risk of new onset depression compared to DPP4I use (HR: 0.52, 95% CI: [0.35, 0.77], P = 0.0011). These findings were confirmed by Cox multivariable analysis and sensitive analyses.

Conclusion
SGLT2I use is associated with significantly lower risk of depression compared to DPP4 use in T2DM patients using propensity score matching and Cox regression analyses.
The Hong Kong Society of Rheumatology consensus recommendations for the management of gout
Authors: Yip Ronald ML , Cheung Tommy T , So Ho , Chan Julia PS , Ho Carmen TK , Tsang Helen HL , Yu Carrel KL , Wong Priscilla CH ,   for the Hong Kong Society of Rheumatology
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Gout is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases in Hong Kong. Although effective treatment options are readily available, the management of gout in Hong Kong remains suboptimal. Like other countries, the treatment goal in Hong Kong usually focuses on relieving symptoms of gout but not treating the serum urate level to target. As a result, patients with gout continue to suffer from the debilitating arthritis, as well as the renal, metabolic, and cardiovascular complications associated with gout. The Hong Kong Society of Rheumatology spearheaded the development of these consensus recommendations through a Delphi exercise that involved rheumatologists, primary care physicians, and other specialists in Hong Kong. Recommendations on acute gout management, gout prophylaxis, treatment of hyperuricemia and its precautions, co-administration of non-gout medications with urate-lowering therapy, and lifestyle advice have been included. This paper serves as a reference guide to all healthcare providers who see patients who are at risk and are known to have this chronic but treatable condition.
Climate, flood, and attitudes toward violence: micro-level evidence from Karamoja, Uganda
Authors: von Uexkull Nina , Loy Agnese , d’Errico Marco 
Published: April 2023

AbstractConcerns about the security implications of climate change are increasing. The growing academic literature on the topic suggests that linkages between climate change and armed conflict are shaped by structural risk factors, but micro-level variation and mechanisms remain poorly understood and flood responses are hardly studied. In this paper, we strive to contribute to a better understanding of such micro-level patterns and investigate how flood exposure affects the support for violence in the Karamoja region of Uganda, which is characterized by many structural vulnerabilities to climate change and armed conflict. We use unique household-level survey panel data and investigate changes in survey responses following a destructive flood. Our study finds that flood exposure was associated with greater support for the use of violence. However, while we identify some adverse impacts of flood exposure on the perceived and actual socio-economic conditions of households and a decrease in perceptions of government support, these do not seem to mediate the estimated flood impact on support for violence against expectations. Our findings point to the limited explanatory power of natural hazards’ economic impacts alone for conflict risk. Further investigation of causal mechanisms between climate hazards and conflict remains an important priority for future research.
Survival in patients with surgically treated brain metastases: does infratentorial location matter?
Authors: Hamed Motaz , Potthoff Anna-Laura , Heimann Muriel , Schäfer Niklas , Borger Valeri , Radbruch Alexander , Herrlinger Ulrich , Vatter Hartmut , Schneider Matthias 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSurgical resection is a common treatment modality for brain metastasis (BM). Location of the BM might significantly impact patient survival and therefore might be considered in clinical decision making and patient counseling. In the present study, the authors analyzed infra- and supratentorial BM location for a potential prognostic difference. Between 2013 and 2019, 245 patients with solitary BM received BM resection at the authors’ neuro-oncological center. In order to produce a covariate balance for commonly-known prognostic variables (tumor entity, age, preoperative Karnofsky Performance Score, and preoperative Charlson Comorbidity Index), a propensity score matching at a ratio of 1:1 between the cohort of patients with infra- and supratentorial BM location was performed using R. Overall survival (OS) rates were assessed for both matched cohorts of patients with BM. Sixty-one of 245 patients (25%) with solitary BM exhibited an infratentorial tumor location; 184 patients (75%) suffered from supratentorial solitary BM. Patients with infratentorial BM revealed a median OS of 11 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 7.4–14.6 months). Compared with this, median OS for the group of 61 individually matched patients with solitary supratentorial solitary BM was 13 months (95% CI 10.9-15.1 months) (p = 0.32). The present study suggests that the prognostic value of infra- and supratentorial BMs does not significantly differ in patients that undergo surgery for solitary BM. These results might encourage physicians to induce surgical therapy of supra- and infratentorial BM in a similar manner.
Is It Time to Reclaim the ‘Ethics’ in Business Ethics Education?
Authors: Jaganjac Berina , Abrahamsen Line M. , Olsen Torunn S. , Hunnes John A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study explores the business ethics education literature published between 1982 and 2021. A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis of 862 scholarly articles spanning 40 years of research on business ethics education revealed a thematic shift in the literature. Whereas older articles were predominantly concerned with ethics, relatively newer articles mainly focus on addressing the broader concept of sustainability. A content analysis of the 25 most locally cited articles between 1987 and 2012 identified two main research streams: (a) integration of business ethics into business school curricula and (b) the pedagogical approaches and tools used to teach business ethics. An additional content analysis of the 15 most locally cited articles published between 2016 and 2021 revealed that discussions related to integration and pedagogical approaches and tools were still ongoing in the literature, albeit with a focus on sustainability-related concepts such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME). Building upon our findings and existing literature, we develop a framework that we refer to as Transforming Ethics Education in Business Schools (TEEBS), which we argue may help business schools reclaim the ‘ethics’ in business ethics education.
Trade and economic growth: Does the sophistication of traded goods matter?
Authors: Ekanayake P. Niluka S. P. , Madsen Jakob B. , Bharati Tushar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSince the appearance of the seminal paper of Frankel and Romer (Am Econ Rev 89(3): 379–399, 1999), ‘Does trade cause growth?’, the impact of aggregate trade openness on income has been controversial. This research shows that the type of product that is traded has first-order effects, while overall trade intensity has second-order effects on per capita income because of (i) the hierarchical structure of learning-by-doing in products with different levels of sophistication of the production processes; and (ii) the fertility and education effects of trade specialization following the quantity–quality tradeoff framework of Galor and Mountford (Am Econ Rev 96(2): 299–303, 2006). Using data on trade disaggregated by the level of technological sophistication of the production process for 223 countries over the period 1962–2019, we find that (1) the effects of foreign trade on income differ widely across technology categories; (2) high-tech trade has permanent growth effects; and (3) a significant fraction of the impact of trade on income is mediated through education and fertility.