bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The traction network design of the new three‐phase 3‐kV traction power supply system based on the limits of receiving‐end voltages and negative sequence voltage unbalance factor
Authors: Xiong Jinfei , Zhou Fulin , Yang Dongliang , Li Qunzhan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe characteristics of traction network (TN) of the three‐phase 3‐kV traction power supply system (TPSS) are: three‐phase conductors are flat layout (layout‐1, layout‐2); the material and cross‐section of conductors are ferromagnetic and irregular, respectively. So the phase impedance matrix (PIM) is unbalanced and the closed‐form formula for conductor impedance is hard to get. To address these issues, firstly, the PIM is derived, and the cause of unbalance is revealed. From the perspective of structure optimization, a new flat layout (layout‐3) and an equilateral triangle layout (layout‐4) is proposed. Then, to calculate the wideband frequency self‐ and mutual impedances of the special phase conductors, a frequency‐ and current‐dependent closed‐form formula based on 4‐parameters equivalent tubular conductor (ETC) model is proposed. Furthermore, an equivalent TN circuit model at 50 Hz is established to calculate the receiving‐end voltage and its negative sequence voltage unbalance factor (NSVUF). Finally, using these two indexes, the performances of the layout‐1 to 4 are evaluated and compared. The results show that the conductor spacing and power supply frequency affect the two indexes much while the dimension of the power supply rail (PSR) not; layout‐4 can completely balance the receiving‐end voltage and improve its magnitude which can enhance the power supply capability.
Copper-Catalyzed Carbonylative Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Iodides with Alcohols and Sodium Hydroxide: Synthesis of Esters and Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Evano Gwilherm , Adaoudi Omaïma , Le Bescont Julie , Bruneau-Voisine Antoine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA general and inexpensive catalytic system is reported for the copper-catalyzed carbonylative coupling between alkyl iodides and alcohols or sodium hydroxide. Upon reaction with catalytic amounts of copper(I) chloride and N,N,N′,N′′,N′′-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine under a mild pressure of carbon monoxide (5 bar), a range of secondary and tertiary alkyl iodides are readily converted into the corresponding esters and carboxylic acids without competing direct nucleophilic substitution. Main advantages of this procedure include its broad applicability, the use of an especially inexpensive and available catalytic system, and its user-friendliness.
One-Pot Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions of Aryl Chlorides and Aryl Bromides
Authors: Peng Xiao-Shui , Wong Henry N. C. , Yin Yi-Bing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA one-pot iron-catalyzed cross-coupling protocol involving aryl chlorides, aryl bromides and magnesium metal was developed towards the construction of unsymmetrical biaryls. The key procedure of this reaction is the in situ generation of Grignard reagents.
Synthesis of 1-(Trifluoromethyl)alkenes through Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Alkylation and Arylation of 1-Chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene (HCFO-1233zd)
Authors: Zhang Xingang , Zhou Wei , Zhao Qing-Wei , Luo Yun-Cheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of 1-(trifluoromethyl)alkenes through nickel-catalyzed alkylation/arylation of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene (HCFO-1233zd) with alkyl/aryl zinc reagents and cobalt-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling between HCFO-1233zd and aryl bromides has been developed. These approaches feature broad substrate scope, high functional group tolerance, and the use of industrial feedstocks and low-cost nickel/cobalt catalysts, providing facile routes to access 1-(trifluoromethyl)alkenes. Diverse transformations of the resulting 1-(trifluoromethyl)alkenes demonstrated the synthetic utility of the current approaches.
Endoscopic vacuum therapy for esophageal perforation: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Luttikhold Joanna , Pattynama Lisanne M. D. , Seewald Stefan , Groth Stefan , Morell Bernhard K. , Gutschow Christian A. , Ida Satoshi , Nilsson Magnus , Eshuis Wietse J. , Pouw Roos E. 
Published: February 2023

Background Endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) is a novel treatment for esophageal perforations. This study aimed to describe initial experience with EVT of esophageal perforations due to iatrogenic cause, Boerhaave syndrome, or other perforations not related to prior upper gastrointestinal surgery.
Methods Data from patients treated with EVT for esophageal perforation at five hospitals in three European countries, between January 2018 and October 2021, were retrospectively collected. The primary end point was successful defect closure by EVT, with or without the use of other endoscopic treatment modalities. Secondary end points included mortality and adverse events.
Results 27 patients were included (median age 71 years). The success rate was 89 % (24/27, 95 %CI 77–100). EVT failed in three patients: two deceased during EVT (septic embolic stroke, pulmonary embolism) and one underwent esophagectomy due to a persisting defect. Two adverse events occurred: one iatrogenic defect expansion during sponge exchange and one hemorrhage during sponge removal. Median treatment duration was 12 days (interquartile range [IQR] 6–16) with 1 sponge exchange (IQR 1–3).
Conclusion EVT is a promising organ-preserving treatment for esophageal perforations, with a success rate of 89 %. More experience with the technique and indications will likely improve success rates.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Tobacco Smoking History as a Risk for Outcomes after Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Resection of Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Min Susie , Zhang Grace , Hu Alex , Petito Gabrielle T. , Tripathi Siddhant H. , Shukla Geet , Kumar Adithya , Shah Sanjit , Phillips Katie M. , Forbes Jonathan A. , Zuccarello Mario , Andaluz Norberto O. , Sedaghat Ahmad R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objectives This study seeks to comprehensively analyze the impact of smoking history on outcomes after endoscopic transsphenoidal hypophysectomy (TSH) for pituitary adenoma.
Design This was a retrospective study.
Setting This study was done at the tertiary care center.
Participants Three hundred and ninety-eight adult patients undergoing TSH for a pituitary adenoma.
Main Outcome Measures Clinical and tumor characteristics and operative factors were collected. Patients were categorized as never, former, or active smokers, and the pack-years of smoking history was collected. Years since cessation of smoking was obtained for former smokers. Specific outcomes included postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, length of hospitalization, 30-day return to the operating room, and 30-day readmission. Smoking history details were comprehensively analyzed for association with outcomes.
Results Any history of smoking tobacco was associated with return to the operating room (odds ratio [OR] = 2.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–6.76, p = 0.039), which was for persistent CSF leak in 58.3%. Among patients with postoperative CSF leak, any history of smoking was associated with need for return to the operating room to repair the CSF leak (OR = 5.25, 95% CI: 1.07–25.79, p = 0.041). Pack-years of smoking was positively associated with a return to the operating room (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.06, p = 0.048). In all multivariable models, all negative outcomes were significantly associated with the covariate: occurrence of intraoperative CSF leak.
Conclusion This is the first study to show smoking may have a negative impact on healing of CSF leak repairs after TSH, requiring a return to the operating room. This effect appears to be dose dependent on the smoking history. Secondarily, intraoperative CSF leak as covariate in multivariable models was significantly associated with all negative outcomes.
Stromal Expression of CD10 in Breast Carcinoma and Its Association with Known Prognostic Factors—A Tissue Microarray-Based Study
Authors: Gaffoor Nidha , Krishnamurthy Jayashree 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background Breast cancer is an epithelial malignancy; however, stroma plays a key role with its stimulatory and inhibitory factors in modulating tumor invasion and metastasis. CD10, a matrix metalloproteinase, is known to regulate cell adhesion, migration and helps in determining the progression of tumor. This knowledge helps to identify specific signals that promote growth, dedifferentiation, invasion, metastasis and serve as target for better therapeutic management.
Objectives The aim of this study was to estimate frequency of expression of stromal CD10 and assess its prognostic significance in breast carcinomas by correlating with known prognostic factors.
Materials and Methods Morphological parameters of 62 cases of carcinoma breast were studied on H&E (hematoxylin and eosin) stained sections and expressions of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu), and CD10 on manually constructed tissue microarray sections by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Staining pattern, percentage of stained cells, and intensity of stains were evaluated and IHC scoring of all markers was done. CD10 scores were correlated with the known prognostic factors (ER, PR, and HER2/neu). A p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant.
Results Stromal expression of CD10 was found in 82.3% of cases and it was significantly associated with increasing tumor size (p = 0.012), increasing tumor grade (p = 0.001), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.018), necrosis (p = 0.008), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.008), ER negativity (p = 0.001), PR negativity(p = 0.007), HER 2 positivity (p = 0.012), triple-negative molecular subtypes (p = 0.001), and poor prognostic groups (p = 0.01).
Conclusion CD10 can be used as an independent prognostic stromal marker and this will help to envisage new therapeutic strategies.
A Study of Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis according to the Columbia Classification and Its Correlation with the Clinical Outcome
Authors: Nuguri Swapna , Swain Meenakshi , Padua Michelle de , Gowrishankar Swarnalata 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a leading cause of nephrotic syndrome in both adults and children. The “Columbia classification of FSGS” includes five variants; not otherwise specified (NOS), tip, perihilar, cellular, and collapsing variants that may have different prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study and was carried out in the Department of Histopathology, Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad. Of a total of 11,691 kidney biopsies over a 7-year period, from 2006 to 2012, 824 cases were diagnosed as FSGS, of which 610 cases in which detailed clinical findings were available were included in this study. FSGS was then categorized according to the Columbia classification.
Results FSGS, NOS was the predominant histomorphological variant. Serum creatinine was significantly high in the collapsing variant, followed by NOS. Follow-up data was available for 103 cases,72.8% had complete remission, 10.6% had partial remission, and in 16.5 % there was no remission. Relapses were observed in 6.7% cases, two patients (1.9%) succumbed, and 4.8% cases progressed to chronic kidney disease.
Conclusion This study showed that perihilar variant was less prevalent, with tip and cellular variants being more prevalent in Indian subcontinent compared to Western literature. Collapsing variant was also less common.
Ataxias: Hereditary, Acquired, and Reversible Etiologies
Authors: Lin Chi-Ying R. , Kuo Sheng-Han 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA variety of etiologies can cause cerebellar dysfunction, leading to ataxia symptoms. Therefore, the accurate diagnosis of the cause for cerebellar ataxia can be challenging. A step-wise investigation will reveal underlying causes, including nutritional, toxin, immune-mediated, genetic, and degenerative disorders. Recent advances in genetics have identified new genes for both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive ataxias, and new therapies are on the horizon for targeting specific biological pathways. New diagnostic criteria for degenerative ataxias have been proposed, specifically for multiple system atrophy, which will have a broad impact on the future clinical research in ataxia. In this article, we aim to provide a review focus on symptoms, laboratory testing, neuroimaging, and genetic testing for the diagnosis of cerebellar ataxia causes, with a special emphasis on recent advances. Strategies for the management of cerebellar ataxia is also discussed.
Cervical Cancer in SAARC Countries
Authors: Parikh Purvish M. , Mullapally Sujith Kumar , Hingmire Sachin , Kamal Uddin A. F. M. , Thinn M M. , Shahi Arun , Tshomo Ugyen , Mohan Indu , Kaur Satinder , Ghadyalpatil Nikhil 
Published: February 2023

In the year 2020, a total of 342 000 women were estimated to die of cervical cancer, of which 90%) were expected amongst low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Globally incidence of cervical cancer has reduced as a result of improved personal hygiene, better living conditions and higher application of opportunistic screening programs. Yet GLOBOCAN shows that absolute number of cases are still increasing.We therefore conducted a 21 question multiple choice questionnaire online survey in Jan 2023 amongst 9 SAARC countries. A total of 367 replies were received and the representative answers for each country are being reported in this manuscript.A good possibility of achieving World Health Assembly target (Nov 17, 2020) was felt only by Bhutan and Nepal. For screening, most countries (Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) recommend for all asymptomatic eligible patients. Public health experts have suggested VIA / VILI as the best solution for LMICs. However, a dual screening strategy (HPV DNA plus) cytology was preferred by doctors in Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.Screening, triage and then treatment was the preferred by Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka.HPV vaccination was recommended in all girls between ages 10 to 26 years in Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. All the 9 countries would use HPV vaccination to all eligible patients if the cost of the vaccine was reasonably low.Our survey clearly outlines challenges faced in tackling cervical cancer in SAARC countries. We also provide consensus regarding several potential solutions that can be used in both public and private cervical cancer control programs.
Political instability patterns are obscured by conflict dataset scope conditions, sources, and coding choices
Authors: Raleigh Clionadh , Kishi Roudabeh , Linke Andrew 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConflict event datasets are used widely in academic, policymaking, and public spheres. Accounting for political violence across the world requires detailing conflict types, agents, characteristics, and source information. The public and policymaking communities may underestimate the impact of data collection decisions across global, real-time conflict event datasets. Here, we consider four widely used public datasets with global coverage and demonstrate how they differ by definitions of conflict, and which aspects of the information-sourcing processes they prioritize. First, we identify considerable disparities between automated conflict coding projects and researcher-led projects, largely resulting from few inclusion barriers and no data oversight. Second, we compare researcher-led datasets in greater detail. At the crux of their differences is whether a dataset prioritizes and mandates internal reliability by imposing initial conflict definitions on present events, or whether a dataset’s agenda is to capture an externally valid and comprehensive assessment of present violence patterns. Prioritizing reliability privileges specific forms of violence, despite the possibility that other forms actually occur; and leads to reliance on international and English-language information sources. Privileging validity requires a wide definition of political violence forms, and requires diverse, multi-lingual, and local sources. These conceptual, coding, and sourcing variations have significant implications for the use of these data in academic analysis and for practitioner responses to crisis and instability. These foundational differences mean that answers to “which country is most violent?”; “where are civilians most at risk?”; and “is the frequency of conflict increasing or decreasing?” vary according to datasets all purporting to capture the same phenomena of political violence.
New horizons in sepsis management in older patients
Authors: Putot Alain , Prendki Virginie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSepsis is a frequent disease in older people, characterised by an inappropriate systemic inflammatory response following an infection, leading to life-threatening organ dysfunctions. In the very old, sepsis is often difficult to diagnose, given the frequent atypical presentation. While there is no gold standard for the diagnosis of sepsis, new definitions published in 2016, aided by clinical–biological scores, namely Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and quick SOFA scores, allow earlier recognition of septic states at risk of poor outcome. The management of sepsis in itself differs little in older patients compared to younger subjects. However, the key question of whether or not to admit the patient to an intensive care setting has to be anticipated, depending on the sepsis severity but also on patient’s comorbidities and wishes. The earliness of acute management in older subjects with decreased immune defences and physiological reserves is an essential prognostic element. The early control of comorbidities is the main plus value of the geriatrician in the acute and post-acute management of older patients with sepsis.
Evolution and Trends of Facial Plastic Surgery and Facial Aesthetic Procedures in India: From Awakening to Revival
Authors: Shome Debraj , van der Hulst Rene R W J , Kumar Vaibhav , Booi Darren I , Mhatre Pranjal D 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Facial aesthetic surgery is an emerging branch worldwide. India, a torchbearer country in facial plastic surgery, has seen tremendous growth in medical technology, resources, and clientele over the past century. This study aims to study past practices and current trends in facial plastic surgery and aesthetic procedures in India by individually addressing commonly performed nonsurgical procedures (Botox, Kybella [Allergan, Irvine, CA], fillers, threads, micro-focused ultrasound, and nonsurgical hair restoration), and surgical procedures (rhinoplasty, blepharoplasty, hair transplant, and facelift). It also aims to further elaborate on the scope of facial aesthetics and make recommendations on prospects in the field. A structured scoping review and a subsequent evidence-based synthesis were done following an extensive literature search on various databases such as PubMed (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD), LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information, São Paulo, Brazil), MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD), EMBASE (Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands), and Cochrane (Wiley, Hoboken, NJ). The initial search yielded 703 articles, out of which 20 were found to be relevant to the present study and discussed. It was found that there is an upward trend in the growth of facial plastic surgery in India, and a gradual shift in patient attitude toward nonsurgical aesthetic procedures was seen. This article affirms the growth of facial aesthetic surgery in India by highlighting the recent development and trends in the practices of surgeons. It also addresses the shortcomings in the current administration and makes recommendations to fill the existing loopholes in plastic surgery.

Level of Evidence: 5
Deep palmar phenotyping in atopic eczema: patterns associated with filaggrin variants, disease severity and barrier function in a South Asian population
Authors: Thomas Bjorn R , Tan Xiang Li , Van Duijvenboden Stefan , Hogan Sarah C , Hughes Aaron J , Tawfik Soha S , Dhoat Sasha , Atkar Ravinder , Robinson Elizabeth J , Rahman Syedia R , Rahman Samiha , Ahmed Rehana A , Begum Rubina , Khanam Habiba , Bourne Emma L , Wozniak Eva L , Mein Charles A , Kelsell David P , O’Toole Edel A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Hyperlinear palms are described as a feature of loss-of-function (LoF) variants in filaggrin (FLG).

Objectives
To explore the phenotype of participants (age &lt; 31 years) with atopic eczema of Bangladeshi ancestry from East London and investigate which factors best associate with LoF FLG variants.

Methods
A cross-sectional study with participants recruited between May 2018 and December 2020. Patterns of palmar linearity were categorized and modelled with the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration (SH) and LoF FLG variants.

Results
There were 506 complete cases available. Five palm patterns were noted. The ‘prominent diamond’ pattern associated best with EASI [marginal effects (ME) 2.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.74–3.67], SH (ME 0.85, 95% CI 0.78–0.96) and TEWL (ME 1.32, 95% CI 1.11–1.62). Using five palm patterns had some ability to discriminate LoF FLG variants [area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) 76.32%, 95% CI 71.91–80.73], improving to 77.99% (73.70–82.28) with the addition of SH. In subgroup analysis with only fine perpendicular/prominent diamond patterns the AUROC was 89.11% (95% CI 84.02–94.19).

Conclusions
This was a single-centre study design with humans classifying clinical patterns. The stability of temperature and humidity was not guaranteed across TEWL and SH measurements despite using a climate-controlled room. Palm patterns associate with EASI and TEWL. The fine perpendicular/prominent diamond patterns are markers to detect the absence/presence of LoF FLG variants, respectively.
‘Relocating’ Adolescents from Risk beyond the Home: What Do We Learn When We Ask about Safety?
Authors: Wroe Lauren Elizabeth , Peace Delphine , Firmin Carlene 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
There is an absence of evidence supporting the use of ‘out-of-area placements’ to address risks adolescents face beyond the home. Approximately one in ten adolescents in England and Wales are ‘relocated’ from their hometowns by children’s social care teams due to these risks. Initial findings from the Independent Review of Children’s Social Care in England situate these relocations as a ‘failure’ to safeguard teenagers. Using participatory approaches to research design and data collection, this article asks what do we learn about the impact of relocations when we ask about safety? Activity-based, qualitative interviews were conducted with young people (n = 5), parents (n = 3) and professionals (n = 15) based in England and Scotland between 2020 and 2021, asking what worked and what didn’t when a relocation was chosen, and what was the perceived impact on safety. Interview data were thematically analysed in collaboration with young people and a Research Advisory Group of professionals, all with expertise in the area. Data indicated a tension between what professionals, and then parents and young people, thought was significant when planning relocations and an ambivalence about the impact of relocations. Considerations for safety planning are suggested to support young people’s holistic safety needs.