bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perennial malaria chemoprevention with and without malaria vaccination to reduce malaria burden in young children: a modeling analysis
Authors: Runge Manuela , Stahlfeld Anne , Ambrose Monique , Toh Kok Ben , Rahman Semiu , Omoniwa Omowunmi F. , Bever Caitlin A. , Oresanya Olusola , Uhomoibhi Perpetua , Galatas Beatriz , Tibenderana James K. , Gerardin Jaline 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: A recent WHO recommendation for perennial malaria chemoprevention (PMC) encourages countries to adapt dose timing and number to local conditions. However, knowledge gaps on the epidemiological impact of PMC and possible combination with the malaria vaccine RTS,S hinder informed policy decisions in countries where malaria burden in young children remains high.
Methods: We used the EMOD malaria model to predict the impact of PMC with and without RTS,S on clinical and severe malaria cases in children under the age of two years (U2). PMC and RTS,S effect sizes were fit to trial data. We simulated PMC with three to seven doses (PMC-3-7) before the age of eighteen months and RTS,S with three doses, shown to be effective at nine months. We ran simulations across transmission intensities of one to 128 infectious bites per person per year, corresponding to incidences of <1 to 5500 cases per 1000 population U2. Intervention coverage was either set to 80% or based on 2018 household survey data for Southern Nigeria as a sample use case. The protective efficacy (PE) for clinical and severe cases in children U2 was calculated in comparison to no PMC and no RTS,S.
Results: The projected impact of PMC or RTS,S was greater at moderate to high transmission than at low or very high transmission. Across the simulated transmission levels, PE estimates of PMC-3 at 80% coverage ranged from 5.7 to 8.8% for clinical, and from 6.1 to 13.6% for severe malaria (PE of RTS,S 10-32% and 24.6-27.5% for clinical and severe malaria respectively. In children U2, PMC with seven doses nearly averted as many cases as RTS,S, while the combination of both was more impactful than either intervention alone. When operational coverage, as seen in Southern Nigeria, increased to a hypothetical target of 80%, cases were reduced beyond the relative increase in coverage.
Conclusions: PMC can substantially reduce clinical and severe cases in the first two years of life in areas with high malaria burden and perennial transmission. A better understanding of the malaria risk profile by age in early childhood and on feasible coverage by age, is needed for selecting an appropriate PMC schedule in a given setting.
The MAKASI empowerment randomized intervention and depression and loneliness among sub-Saharan immigrants living in the greater Paris area
Authors: Tasca Bianca Goncalves , Bousmah Marwân-al-Qays , Coulibaly Karna , Gosselin Anne , Ravalihasy Andrainolo , du Loû Annabel Desgrées , Melchior Maria 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The MAKASI intervention aimed to empower sub-Saharan African immigrants living in precarious situations in the Paris metropolitan area. Because there are factors specifically related to immigration that may increase the risk for common mental disorders, the present study aimed to examine participants' levels of depression and loneliness and analyze the effect of the intervention on depression and loneliness.
Methods
The MAKASI study was designed as a stepped-wedge randomized intervention trial. Study participants were recruited through an outreach program led by a nongovernmental organization and randomly assigned to two groups, with an intervention delay of three months between groups. Both groups were assessed for six months after inclusion and the effect of the intervention on depression and loneliness was assessed using generalized linear mixed models. The study was conducted from 2018 to 2021 and we took in consideration whether being interviewed during one of the Covid-19 confinement had an effect on the results.
Results
A total of 821 subjects participated in the Makasi study. High levels of depression and loneliness were found in the study population. We found no effect of the intervention on depression [95%CI 0.77 to 2.40]. Similarly, no effect of the intervention was found on loneliness [95%CI 0.87 to 2.54].
Conclusions
The intervention we tested did not appear to improve the level of depression and loneliness among participants. However, the high prevalence of mental and emotional problems in the study population suggests a public health crisis among immigrants in the greater Paris area.
Clinical Trial Registration Number:
Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04468724 (July 13, 2020)
Exposure to air pollution and risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Cao Lei , Wang Ting , Diao Ruiping , Shi Xuefeng , Cao Lu , Gong Zerui , Mao Hongjun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: There is a lack of epidemiological evidence on the association between air pollution exposure and HDP in pregnant women in small and medium-sized cities, and the air pollution situation in small and medium-sized cities cannot be ignored and the health of their inhabitants deserves to be considered.
Objective: To explore pollutants affecting the risk of HDP in small and medium-sized cities and to explore differences in the effects of air pollution on GH and PE.
Methods: A total of 9,820 women who delivered at Handan Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Hebei Province from February 2018 to July 2020 were included in the study. The effects of air pollution exposure on the risk of HDP during preconception and pregnancy were assessed using logistic regression models and principal component logistic regression models.
Results: In multi-pollutant models adjusted for covariates, each 20 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM10 and each 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2 during the Pre_T period was associated with a 2.4% (OR=1.024, 95% CI: 1.010-1.039), 2.5% (OR=1.025, 95% CI: 1.012-1.037), and 2.0% (OR=1.020, 95% CI: 1.005-1.037) increase in the risk of HDP, respectively. PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 exposure during the Pre_T period also increased the risk of GH and PE in pregnant women, and the risk of each pollutant to GH was lower than that of PE. In addition, O3 exposure per 20 μg/m3 increment during the T period increased the risk of GH with an OR of 1.026 (95% CI: 1.002 to 1.050).
Conclusions: PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and O3 exposure had a significant effect on the increased risk of developing HDP in pregnant women, and the effects of pollutants on the risk of GH were different from those on PE.
Using a Convolutional Neural Network for Machine Written Character Recognition
Authors: Karrach Ladislav , Pivarčiová Elena 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Convolutional neural networks are special types of artificial neural networks that can solve various tasks in computer vision, such as image classification, object detection, and general recognition. Convolutional neural networks explicitly assume that their inputs are images (2D data), and during their training, they learn how to extract features and classify objects. The paper presents the basic building blocks of convolutional neural networks and their architecture and compares them with other character recognition techniques using the example of character recognition from vehicle registration plates.
A Practical Study on Improving the Teaching Quality of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology: A Combined Online and Offline Teaching Model of MW- PBL-FC
Authors: YANG LIUCAI , YANG YA , ZHANG HU , TENG FEIXIANG , SHEN Xuan , Luo Yougen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the impact of "MOOC + WeChat platform + PBL + flipped classroom" online-and-offline hybrid teaching mode (MW-PBL-FC) on the enhancement of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BMB)teaching quality.
Methods: A total of 1545 students studying clinical medicine and preventive medicine in a university during 2019–2021 into groups A and B. The first half of the course refers to introduction to amino acid metabolism,In group A's classroom, the first half of the course was taught using the "MW-PBL-FC" mode, while group B was taught using the lecture-based learning mode (LBL). The second half of the course (molecular biology and clinical biochemistry, or "second half") was taught using the exchange method. "MW-PBL-FC" and "LBL" modes were compared in terms of student satisfaction, learning attitude, and academic performance.
Results: ① The student satisfaction survey revealed that the satisfaction rate and satisfaction score of the MW-PBL-FC group were greater than those of the LBL group (p<0.001), regardless of whether the first or second half of the course was taught; ② Based on the evaluation of learning attitude, the improvement rate and total score of the MW-PBL-FC group were significantly higher than those of the LBL group (p<0.001).. After the first half of teaching, the learning attitudes of both groups improved, but the improvement of the MW-PBL-FC group was more pronounced, with a significant difference between the two groups (p<0.001). There was also a significant difference between the two groups during the second half of teaching (p<0.001);③ The overall average score, basic average score, comprehensive average score, and excellent rate of the MW-PBL-FC group were all higher than those of the LBL group (p<0.001), whereas the failure rate was lower (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The MW-PBL-FC online-and-offline hybrid teaching mode significantly improved BMB teaching quality, Change thelearning attitude.
Investigation of heating potential and sustainability of medium-deep borehole heat exchanger in severe cold regions
Authors: Guo Liangliang , Li Xufeng , Wang Zihong , Ma Yue , Zhang Jian , Jiang Haiyang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Medium-deep buried pipe heat transfer technology is a way to develop medium-deep geothermal energy by "taking heat without water". Using OpenGeoSys (OGS) software, a comprehensive numerical model of medium-deep buried pipe heat transfer is established using a dual-continuum medium approach and combined with actual engineering data. On this basis, the heat transfer performance and its applicability in the harsh cold region of northern China are investigated. Meanwhile, a sensitivity analysis study on its heat transfer influencing factors and sustainability was conducted. The results of the study show that the medium-deep buried pipe heat transfer technology has excellent heat transfer performance and good applicability and sustainability in the cold region of northern China. The heat transfer performance of buried pipes can be improved by arranging buried pipes in high quality geothermal areas and increasing the flow rate of circulating water, increasing the depth of buried pipes, choosing larger thermal conductivity of inner pipes and backfill materials, etc.; higher circulating water inlet temperature, larger inner and outer pipe diameter ratio and thermal conductivity of inner pipes will reduce the heat transfer effect.
Lessons Learned from Online Chronic Disease Self-Management Program during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Burciaga Juan Jose Ramirez 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Chronic disease self-management education has been shown to be effective in improving self-efficacy and health outcomes. As a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, a fast and effective program adaptation and delivery was imperative for Yakima Valley Farm Workers Clinic from in-person to on-line to continue serving its patients and communities.
Methods
A retrospective self-administer questionnaire was developed for participants that attended the real time online program at high levels. Questionnaire was administered via SurveyMonkey. A total of 217 completed the questionnaire. Workshops were offered in English and Spanish to patients with any chronic condition(s). A1c data was captured using Epic.
Results
The peer-led and real time content-delivered online program demonstrated access capacity, preference for online workshops, and improved self-efficacy and outcomes among participants.
Discussion
Community health centers may benefit themselves and low-income communities by making real-time online content for chronic disease self-management programs available and deliverable to their patients.
Human-derived Biomaterials for Biomedical and Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Singh Arun Kumar , Sundram Sonali , Malviya Rishabha 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:
Biomaterials have been utilised since the dawn of time to aid wound healing and to try to restore damaged tissues and organs. Many different materials are now commercially accessible for maintaining and restoring biological functioning, and many more are being researched. New biomaterials have to be developed to meet growing clinical demands. The aim of this study is to propose innovative biomaterials of human origin and their recent applications in tissue engineering and the biomedical field. Recent trends in tissue engineering are summarized in this review highlighting the use of stem cells, 3D printing techniques, and the most recent application of biomaterials to produce a dynamic scaffold resembling natural tissue. Various literature survey was carried out using PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, google scholar, and others and it was summarized from the study that the extracellular matrix (ECM) offers the opportunity to create a biomaterial consisting of a microenvironment with interesting biological and biophysical properties for improving and regulating cell functions. Based on the literature study, biomaterials have become increasingly important to the development of tissue engineering, which aims to unlock the regeneration capacity of human tissues/organs in a state of degeneration and restore or reestablish normal biological function. Biomaterials have also become increasingly important to the success of biomedical devices. Hence, it can be concluded from the finding of the study that the advances in the understanding of biomaterials and their role in new tissue formation can open new prospects in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Recent Advances in Metal Free Synthesis of N-unsubstituted 1,2,3-Triazoles
Authors: Hazarika Priyanuj Krishnann , Hazarika Roktopol , Sarma Diganta 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:
1, 2, 3-triazoles display enormous applications in the extensive fields of chemistry such as pharmaceuticals, ligands, conjectures, etc. Among these classes of compounds, the N-unsubstituted triazole emerges as a potent applicant for various fields of chemistry and therefore synthetic procedures for this molecular scaffold possess certain importance. Moreover, from an environmental perspective, metal-free organic synthesis gains tremendous attention as most of the metals are persistent in nature. In this review, we are going to discuss only the metal-free synthetic routes for the construction of N-unsubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles reported during the last decade.
Mortality Predictors of Pre-variant SARS-CoV-2 Infected ARDS Patients
Receiving Favipiravir and Tocilizumab
Authors: Yildirim Fatma , Karaman Irem , Apaydin Muhammed , Ibrahim Dural Halil , Simsek Meltem 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
In this study, we investigated the risk factors affecting mortality of critically ill COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients who were followed up in the intensive care unit (ICU) and received tocilizumab and favipiravir treatments together before vaccination.

Materials and Methods:
The data of patients who were followed up and treated between 1, July 2020 and 5, October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic data of the patients (age, gender), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation score II (APACHE II), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, RT-PCR of oro-nasopharyngeal swabs, the severity of ARDS on the day of tocilizumab admission, time from RT-PCR positivity to tocilizumab administration, respiratory support treatments, all other medical treatments, and ICU outcomes were recorded. Risk factors affecting mortality were evaluated with multiple regression analysis.

Results:
A total of 60 patients with a median age of 69.8 (24-87) years, 25 females and 35 males were included in the study. The mean APACHE II score was 18.9 ± 8.0, and the SOFA score was 4.5 ± 2.0. Fifty-two (86.7%) patients had positive oro-nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR; (13,3%) patients had positive IgM/Ig G rapid antibody tests for SARS-CoV-2. Tocilizumab was given on an average of 2.5th days (± 2.0 days). On the day of tocilizumab administration, 1 (1.7%) patient had mild ARDS, 30 (50.0%) had moderate ARDS, and 29 (48.3%) had severe ARDS. The PaO2/FIO2 ratio of the study group on the day of tocilizumab administration was 96.7 ± 36.6 mmHg. Thirty-four (56.7%) patients were intubated during follow-up. Forty (66.7%) patients died, while 20 (33.3%) patients were transferred to the ward. The mean length of stay in the ICU was 11.4 ± 5.5 days. Advanced age (Hazard ratio (HR) 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88-0.93; p < 0.001), higher APACHE II score (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.74-0.98; p = 0.001), higher SOFA score on the day of tocilizumab administration (HR 1.47, 95% CI 0.39-0.79; p = 0.001), and lower PaO2/FIO2 ratio (HR 2.54, 95% CI 2.33-3.79; p < 0.001) were determined as independent risk factors for mortality.

Conclusion:
Patients administered tocilizumab and favipiravir in our ICU were mostly patients with moderate-severe ARDS and had higher inflammatory markers. The reason for the high mortality in this study was attributed to the fact that all of the patients had moderate-severe COVID-19-related ARDS, rather than severe COVID-19.
Spontaneous Thyroid Parenchymal Hemorrhage Causing Acute Airway
Obstruction and Its Endovascular Treatment: A Case Report and Literature
Review
Authors: Kaba Esat , Beyazal Mehmet , Atas İsmail 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Massive parenchymal hemorrhage of the thyroid gland is very rare. Some of these can reach a life-threatening level.

Case Presentation:
A 70-year-old female patient approached the emergency department with swelling and redness on her neck after a routine dialysis session. In the
neck computed tomography obtained, there was a massive hematoma originating from the thyroid gland parenchyma. The hematoma was causing
airway compression. We performed thyroid artery embolization and within days, hematoma dimensions and compression effect disappeared
without surgical treatment.

Conclusion:
Massive hemorrhage of the thyroid gland parenchyma is very rare and can reach life-threatening dimensions. Effective and rapid treatment should
be done. As an alternative to surgery, endovascular treatment can be life-saving.
First Approval of Pacritinib as a Selective Janus Associated Kinase-2 Inhibitor for
the Treatment of Patients with Myelofibrosis
Authors: De Surya K. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:
Myelofibrosis is one kind of bone marrow blood cancer that gives mainly bone marrow scarring. JAK families
include JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) and they control hematopoiesis and immune cell function.
JAK-STAT pathways have the critical roles in the pathogenesis of a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory
diseases such as myelofibrosis. The 8 JAK inhibitors are approved by the US FDA for the treatment of various diseases.
Abrocitinib, baricitinib, oclacitinib, ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, upadacitinib, fedratinib, and pactrinib with their IC50
values against JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2 are included. All approved JAK inhibitors with structural similarities
and dissimilarities are summarized. The development story of pacritinib and new design route to overcome intellectual
property-related issues by connecting the A ring and C ring to form the macrocyclic compounds like 16 without compromising
the binding modes in the hinge region are discussed. By using the powerful ring-closing metathesis (RCM),
they designed and synthesized and delivered FDA approved pacritinib. In this short perspective, the chemical structure,
physicochemical properties, mechanism of action, drug-interactions, adverse events, and pharmacokinetic profile of
pacritinib are summarized. Detailed step by step synthesis of pacritinib is provided. Pacritinib is an orally bioavailable
and isoform selective JAK-2 inhibitor for the treatment of patients with myelofibrosis. Detailed metabolism pathway
with proper explanation is discussed.
Strengthening Addiction Care Continuum Through Community Consortium in Vietnam: Protocol for a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Li Li , Nguyen Tuan Anh , Liang Li-Jung , Lin Chunqing , Pham Thang Hong , Nguyen Ha Thi Thanh , Kha Steven 
Published: March 2023

Background
A chronic condition, drug addiction, requires long-term multipronged health care and treatment services. Community-based approaches can offer the advantages of managing integrated care along the care continuum and improving clinical outcomes. However, scant rigorous research focuses on sustainable, community-based care and service delivery.

Objective
This protocol describes a study aiming to develop and test an intervention that features the alliance of community health workers and family members to provide integrated support and individualized services and treatment for people who use drugs (PWUD) in community settings.

Methods
Based on the National Institute on Drug Abuse’s Seek-Test-Treat-Retain (STTR) framework, an intervention that provides training to community health workers will be developed and piloted before an intervention trial. Trained community health workers will conduct home visits and provide support for PWUD and their families. The intervention trial will be conducted in 3 regions in Vietnam, with 60 communities (named communes). These communes will be randomized to either an intervention or control condition. Intervention outcomes will be evaluated at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The primary outcome measure is PWUD’s STTR fulfillment, consisting of multiple individual fulfillment indicators across 5 domains: Seek, Test, Treat, Retain, and Health. The secondary outcomes of interest are the community health workers’ service provision and family members’ support. The primary analysis will follow an intention-to-treat approach. Generalized mixed-effects regression models will be used to compare changes in the outcome measures from baseline between intervention and control conditions.

Results
During the first year of the project, we conducted formative studies, including in-depth interviews and focus groups, to identify service barriers and intervention strategies. The intervention and assessment pilots are scheduled in 2023 before commencing the trial. Reports based on the baseline data will be distributed in early 2024. The intervention outcome results will be available within 6 months of the final data collection date, that is, the main study findings are expected to be available in early 2026.

Conclusions
This study will inform the establishment of community health workers and family members alliance, a locally available infrastructure, to support addiction services and care for PWUD. The methodology, findings, and lessons learned are expected to shed light on the addiction service continuum’s implementation and demonstrate a community-based addiction service delivery model that can be transferable to other countries.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05315492; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05315492

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/44219