bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Perceptual-motor Training on Collision Judgments with Peripheral Prism Expanded Vision
Authors: Houston Kevin Edward , Peli Eli , Luo Gang , Bowers Alex R. , Woods Russell L. 
Published: January 2023

SIGNIFICANCE
Peripheral prisms (p-prisms) improve blind-side detection of hazards in hemianopia by shifting the image of the hazard into the intact visual field. Collision judgments can be made accurately after detection by using a gaze shift to fixate the hazard in the prism-free portion of the lens, but this is slow relative to normal peripheral vision. A prior study found that prism adaptation for visual direction did not occur with general wear. We developed a perceptual-motor training regimen that resulted in accurate pointing at p-prism targets after six 1-hour sessions.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to determine if improvements in pointing accuracy from perceptual-motor training generalized to collision judgments during simulated walking.

METHODS
Participants with hemianopia (n = 13) made collision judgments in virtual reality for a person appearing 0.4 to 13.5° from the walking path. Judgments were measured under fixed gaze, requiring collision judgments via the p-prism image only, and free gaze, representing a more natural scenario. Measurements were made without and with p-prisms immediately after fitting, after a 2-week acclimation, after training, and 3 months later. Controls (n = 13) did one visit without p-prisms.

RESULTS
Controls had 100% detection and symmetrically distributed collision judgments for the central 33 and 36% of hazards under fixed gaze and free gaze, respectively. In hemianopia, the seeing side was not different from controls. Blind-side detection was reduced without p-prisms to 40% fixed gaze and 82% free gaze and improved with p-prisms to 99% fixed gaze and 97% free gaze (P < .001). When first worn, fixed-gaze prism side collisions were 63 versus 37% on the seeing side and 41 versus 39% for free gaze (P < .001). There was a small improvement for fixed gaze after the 2-week acclimation (53%, P < .001), but no improvements from training or an additional 3 months of use.

CONCLUSIONS
P-prisms improved detection, but collision judgments were inaccurate when seen only via the p-prisms and did not improve with perceptual-motor training. Patients should continue to be advised to turn their head and eyes to fixate the hazard after detection.
Assessment of Low Vision Referrals before and after Establishment of a Low Vision Program at an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Dalzotto Katherine , Banghart Mark , Thomas-Virnig Christina , Mondal Sanbrita 
Published: January 2023

SIGNIFICANCEWe assessed the number of referrals for low vision (LV) services to determine if establishing an LV program at a large academic medical center impacted referral rates. Visual acuity (VA), referral outcome, location, and specialty were examined as factors that could impact referrals.PURPOSEThis study aimed to identify gaps in the referral process to LV services.METHODSElectronic medical records of patients were reviewed to ascertain the referral rate among those who qualified for services, both before (2014 to 2016) and after (2017 to 2019) the establishment of an LV program. The medical records were further subdivided into two categories based on VA in the better-seeing eye: 20/70 to 20/200 and 20/200 to worse vision.RESULTSA total of 2014 patient records with VA qualifying for LV services were reviewed. The proportion of patients who had a VA of 20/70 to 20/200 inclusive in their better eye was 91.7%. A majority (89.8%) of patients with VA of 20/70 to 20/200 and 74.4% of patients with VA worse than 20/200 were never referred. Before establishing an LV program, only 2.2% of patients with VA of 20/70 to 20/200 were referred for services on their first visit, which improved to 8% after the program was established (odds ratio [OR], 3.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.37 to 6.33;P< .001). Also, before the program's establishment, 12.5% of patients with VA worse than 20/200 were referred on their first visit, which increased to 31.9% after the program's establishment (OR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.50 to 7.19;P= .002). Patients with VA worse than 20/200 were more likely to be referred (before: OR, 6.34 [95% CI, 3.03 to 13.28;P< .001]; after: OR, 5.38 [95% CI, 3.09 to 9.37;P< .001]). Our data also showed that 10.3% of patients in this study declined referral to LV services.CONCLUSIONSReferral rates to LV services are low among patients who qualify. The establishment of an LV program at the medical center significantly increased referral rates. However, more improvement is necessary to connect patients to LV services.
Acceptance of a Pre-visit Intervention to Engage African American Glaucoma Patients during Visits
Authors: Sleath Betsy , Carpenter Delesha M. , Davis Scott A. , Budenz Donald L. , Muir Kelly W. , Romero Maria S. , Lee Charles , Tudor Gail , Garcia Nacire , Adjei Abena A. , Robin Alan L. 
Published: January 2023

SIGNIFICANCE
The glaucoma question prompt list/video intervention was well received by patients. Eighty-seven percent of patients recommended that other patients should watch the educational video before their visits, and 89% said that other patients should complete the question prompt list before visits.

PURPOSE
The objectives of this study were to (a) describe patient feedback on a glaucoma question prompt list/video intervention designed to motivate African American patients to be more engaged during visits and (b) examine patient demographics associated with acceptance of the intervention.

METHODS
We are conducting a randomized controlled trial of a glaucoma question prompt list/video intervention. African American patients with glaucoma were enrolled and assigned to a control group or an intervention group where they watched a video emphasizing the importance of asking questions and received a prompt list to complete before visits. All patients were interviewed after visits and are being followed up for 12 months.

RESULTS
One hundred eighty-nine African American patients with glaucoma were enrolled into the larger trial. Of the 93 patients randomized to the intervention group, 89% said that patients should complete the prompt lists before visits, and 87% recommended that patients should watch the video before visits. Older patients were significantly less likely to believe that other patients should watch the video before their visits (t = −3.7, P = .04). Patients with fewer years of education were significantly more likely to rate the video as being more useful than patients with more years of education (Pearson correlation, −0.27; P = .01). Patients who reported being less adherent on the visual analog scale were more likely to rate the video as being more useful (Pearson correlation, −0.23; P = .03).

CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that the question prompt list/video was accepted by the majority of African American patients who received the intervention.
Impact of Viewing Conditions and Vision Anomalies on Accuracy and Dynamics of Noncycloplegic Autorefraction
Authors: Kiermasz Justyna , Sobol Maria , Pniewski Jacek 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

SIGNIFICANCE
This study was conducted to analyze the influence of binocular vision and accommodation anomalies on refraction dynamics. Our results may help to design more accurate autorefractors and to better understand the difficulties in prescribing an optical correction or adaptation to a correction.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to verify whether viewing conditions (open- or closed-field) or vision anomalies, such as ocular surface diseases, accommodative dysfunctions, and binocular vision anomalies, influence (1) the differences between subjective refraction and autorefraction and (2) the characteristics of the short-term refractive state variation.

METHODS
The subjective refraction of 64 subjects aged 23 to 60 years was measured during a comprehensive optometric examination, and the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire was collected. Twenty successive measurements of automated refraction of each eye were obtained using a conventional autorefractor Nidek ARK-510A and an open-field autorefractor Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001. Conventional notation of refractive error (sphere, cylinder, axis) was transformed to h-vectors, presented in scatterplots, and analyzed statistically.

RESULTS
The three-way analysis of variance tests showed that there is no influence of accommodation dysfunctions (P = .22 for ARK-510A), binocular vision anomalies (P = .97 for ARK-510A), and ocular surface diseases (P = .20 for ARK-510A) on differences between autorefraction and subjective refraction. The binocular vision anomalies affected the results from open-field autorefractor, whereas the accommodation impacted closed-field refraction measurements. Changes in short-term refractive state variation occurred in sphere power, indicating accommodative state changes; however, 30 subjects demonstrated at least one outlier and/or polymodality of refractive state distributions.

CONCLUSIONS
The study showed that the presence of accommodative dysfunctions or binocular vision anomalies might increase the range of short-term refractive state variation. The impact of vision anomalies differs between viewing conditions. The polymodal distribution of refractive state variation and the presence of outliers imply that automatic modes used typically in autorefractors with three to five readings may not accurately represent the refractive state of the eye.
Prevalence and Readmission Rates of Discharge Directly Home From the PICU: A Systematic Review
Authors: Daoust Daphne , Dodin Philippe , Sy Eric , Lau Vincent , Roumeliotis Nadia 
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Critically ill patients are increasingly being discharged directly home from PICU as opposed to discharged home, via the ward. The objective was to assess the prevalence, safety, and satisfaction of discharge directly home from PICUs.

DATA SOURCES:
We searched PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL for studies published between January 1991 and June 2021.

STUDY SELECTION:
We included observational or randomized studies, of children up to 18 years old, that reported on the prevalence, safety, or satisfaction of discharge directly home from the PICU, compared with the ward. Safety outcomes included readmission, unplanned visits to hospital, and any adverse events. We excluded case series, reviews, and studies discharging patients to other facilities.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Two independent reviewers evaluated 88 full-text articles; five studies met eligibility (362,868 patients). Only one study had discharge directly home as a primary outcome.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
Prevalence of discharge directly to home from the PICU ranged from less than 1% to 23% (random effects proportion 7.7 [95% CI, 1.3–18.6]). Readmissions to the PICU (only safety outcome) were significantly lower in the discharge directly home group compared with the ward group, in two of three studies (p < 0.0001). No studies reported on patient or family satisfaction.

CONCLUSIONS:
The prevalence of discharge directly home from the PICU ranges from 1% to 23%. PICU readmission rates do not appear to increase after discharge directly home. Caution is needed in the interpretation of the results, given the significant heterogeneity of the included studies. Further high-quality studies are needed to evaluate the safety of discharge directly home from the PICU and support families in this transition.
Brief Report: Does Menopause Transition Influence Viral Suppression and Adherence in Women Living With HIV?
Authors: Hachfeld Anna , Atkinson Andrew , Stute Petra , Calmy Alexandra , Tarr Philip E. , Darling Katharine E.A. , Babouee Flury Baharak , Polli Christian , Sultan-Beyer Leila , Abela Irene A. , Aebi-Popp Karoline ,   the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS)
Published: January 2023

Background:
Increasing numbers of women living with HIV transition through menopause. It is unclear whether this transition has an impact on treatment adherence, viral suppression, psychiatric comorbidities, or drug use. We aimed at examining adherence and viral suppression during the perimenopausal period and explored the influence of psychiatric comorbidities and active injection drug use (IDU).

Setting:
Retrospective Swiss HIV Cohort Study analysis from January 2010 to December 2018.

Methods:
We explored perimenopausal and postmenopausal trends of viral blips, low-level viremia, viral failure, adherence, psychiatric comorbidities, and IDU using interrupted time series models.

Results:
Rates of depression and psychiatric care increased during perimenopause before decreasing afterward. Negative treatment outcomes such as viral blips, low-level viremia, viral failure, and low adherence steadily declined while transitioning through menopause—this was also true for subgroups of women with depression, psychiatric treatment, and active IDU.

Conclusions:
Increased rates of depression and psychiatric care while transitioning through menopause do not result in lower rates of adherence or viral suppression in women living with HIV in Switzerland.
Transitions across Kidney Disease Stages and Association with New-onset Heart Failure: a Population-Based study of 8569 Individuals and 12.6 Years of Follow-up
Authors: Chen Yuntao , Bakker Stephan JL , Suthahar Navin , Meems Laura M.G. , Groothof Dion , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , van Gilst Wiek H. , de Boer Rudolf A , Gansevoort Ron T , Lunter Gerton , Hillege Hans L. , Postmus Douwe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundLimited data exist on transitions across Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) risk stages and association with new-onset heart failure (HF) in the general population.MethodsData were extacted from the first four clinical examinations of the PREVEND study. Participants were categorized into eGFR and albuminuria risk stages according to KDIGO Guideline. Multi-state model was fitted to estimate the transition rates across consecutive KDIGO risk stages and the association with new-onset HF.Results8569 participants were included at baseline. During a median follow-up of 12.6 years, 373 participants were diagnosed with new-onset HF and 710 participants had died before new-onset HF. The transition rate from low risk to intermediate risk stage did not differ between women and men; it increased from 0 to 10 transitions per 100 person-years from age 50 to 75 years. The transition rate from intermediate risk to high or very high risk stage increased exponentially with age, with women having lower rates (HR: 0.50, 95%CI: 0.34-0.76). Younger subjects and women were more likely to make a backward transition from intermediate risk to low risk stage. More advanced KDIGO risk stages were associated with increased risk of new-onset HF, and the risk association attenuates with age on the relative scale but strengthens with age on the absolute scale.ConclusionsSlowing the progression of KDIGO risk stages may result in an important reduction in the incidence of new-onset heart failure in this population of middle-aged subjects.
iCVS - Inferring Cardio-Vascular hidden States from physiological signals available at the bedside
Authors: Ravid Tannenbaum Neta , Gottesman Omer , Assadi Azadeh , Mazwi Mjaye , Shalit Uri , Eytan Danny 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntensive care medicine is complex and resource-demanding. A critical and common challenge lies in inferring the underlying physiological state of a patient from partially observed data. Specifically for the cardiovascular system, clinicians use observables such as heart rate, arterial and venous blood pressures, as well as findings from the physical examination and ancillary tests to formulate a mental model and estimate hidden variables such as cardiac output, vascular resistance, filling pressures and volumes, and autonomic tone. Then, they use this mental model to derive the causes for instability and choose appropriate interventions. Not only this is a very hard problem due to the nature of the signals, but it also requires expertise and a clinician’s ongoing presence at the bedside. Clinical decision support tools based on mechanistic dynamical models offer an appealing solution due to their inherent explainability, corollaries to the clinical mental process, and predictive power. With a translational motivation in mind, we developed iCVS: a simple, with high explanatory power, dynamical mechanistic model to infer hidden cardiovascular states. Full model estimation requires no prior assumptions on physiological parameters except age and weight, and the only inputs are arterial and venous pressure waveforms. iCVS also considers autonomic and non-autonomic modulations. To gain more information without increasing model complexity, both slow and fast timescales of the blood pressure traces are exploited, while the main inference and dynamic evolution are at the longer, clinically relevant, timescale of minutes. iCVS is designed to allow bedside deployment at pediatric and adult intensive care units and for retrospective investigation of cardiovascular mechanisms underlying instability. In this paper, we describe iCVS and inference system in detail, and using a dataset of critically-ill children, we demonstrate its use and power to identify bleeding, distributive states, and cardiac dysfunction, in isolation and in combination.Author summaryA common challenge clinicians face across different disciplines is estimating the hidden physiological state of a patient based on partially observed data. Here we describe iCVS (inferring Cardio-Vascular States): a dynamical mechanistic model of the cardiovascular system. We developed iCVS with a translational goal in mind, showing high explanatory power, its inference relies only on routinely available signals, and enables the identification of various clinically important shock states. We demonstrate the use of the model on a dataset that was collected in a pediatric intensive care unit.
Clarifying the biological and statistical assumptions of cross-sectional biological age predictors
Authors: Sluiskes Marije H. , Goeman Jelle J. , Beekman Marian , Slagboom P. Eline , Putter Hein , Rodríguez-Girondo Mar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThere is variability in the rate of aging among people of the same chronological age. The concept of biological age is postulated to capture this variability, and hence to better represent an individual’s true global physiological state than chronological age.Biological age predictors are often generated based on cross-sectional data, using biochemical or molecular markers as predictor variables. It is assumed that the difference between chronological and predicted biological age is informative of one’s chronological age-independent rate of aging Δ.We show that the most popular cross-sectional biological age predictors—based on multiple linear regression, the Klemera-Doubal method or principal component analysis—rely on the same strong underlying assumption, namely that a candidate marker of aging’s association with chronological age is directly informative of its association with the aging rate Δ. We call this the identical-association assumption and prove that it is untestable in a cross-sectional setting. Using synthetic data, we illustrate the consequences if the assumption does not hold: in such scenarios, there is no guarantee that the weights that a cross-sectional method assigns to candidate markers are informative of the underlying truth. Using real data we illustrate that the extent to which the identical-association assumption holds is of direct practical relevance for anyone interested in developing or interpreting cross-sectional biological age predictors.
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase CHIP Drives Monoubiquitination-mediated Nuclear Import of Tumor Suppressor PTEN
Authors: Chakraborty Shrabastee , Karmakar Subhajit , Basu Malini , Ghosh Mrinal K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNuclear localization of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted on Chromosome TEN (PTEN) is crucial for its tumor suppressive activities. Monoubiquitination has been established as a principal mechanism driving nuclear translocation of PTEN. In this study, we describe a novel mechanism wherein Carboxy terminus of Hsc70 Interacting Protein (CHIP) mediates monoubiquitination of PTEN, leading to the latter’s nuclear import. Analysis of subcellular fractions of multiple cell lines revealed a rise in both nuclear and total cellular PTEN levels under monoubiquitination-promoting conditions, an effect that was abrogated when CHIP expression was silenced. We established a time-point kinetics of CHIP-mediated nuclear translocation of PTEN using immunocytochemistry. We identified a role of Karyopherin α1 (KPNA1) in facilitating nuclear transport of monoubiquitinated PTEN. We further established a direct interaction between CHIP and PTEN inside the nuclear compartment, where CHIP could participate in either polyubiquitination or monoubiquitination of the latter. CHIP was found to monoubiquitinate PTEN on K13 and K289 residues. Finally, we showed that CHIP-mediated monoubiquitination of PTEN resulted in increased apoptosis, decreased cell viability and proliferation. This enhancement of PTEN’s tumor suppressive abilities by CHIP involved modulation of transcriptional activities of PTEN. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report elucidating CHIP’s non-canonical roles on PTEN, which is also established here as a nuclear interacting partner of CHIP.
Time Dependent Dihedral Angle Oscillations of the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Reveal Favored Frequencies of Dihedral Angle Rotations
Authors: Bastidas Oscar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is critical to viral infection of host cells which ultimately results in COVID-19. In this study we analyze the behavior of dihedral (phi and psi) angles of the spike protein over time from molecular dynamics and identify that the oscillations of these dihedral angles are dominated by a few discrete, relatively low frequencies in the 23-63 MHz range with 42.96875 MHz being the most prevalent frequency sampled by the oscillations. We further observe that upon tallying the populations of each individual frequency for all residues along the frequency spectrum, there is a regular alternation between high and low population counts along the increasing frequency values in the spectrum. This alternation of the counts becomes less pronounced and ultimately stabilizes as the frequency values increase. These observations thus suggest a regularity and propensity in the spike protein’s dihedral angles to avoid similar oscillation population counts between vicinal frequencies. We also observe that for amino acids that are least abundant in the S protein, there are certain frequencies at which the dihedral angles never oscillate, in contrast to relatively abundant amino acids that ultimately cover the entire spectrum. This suggests that the frequency components of dihedral angle oscillations may also be a function of position in the primary structure: the more positions an amino acid is found in, the more frequencies it can sample. Lastly, certain residues identified in the literature as constituting the inside of a druggable pocket of the spike protein, as well as other residues identified as allosteric sites, are observed in our data to have distinctive time domain profiles. This motivates us to propose residues from our dynamic data, with similar time domain profiles, which may be of potential interest to the vaccine and drug design communities, for further investigation. Thus our findings indicate that there is a particular frequency domain profile for the spike protein, hidden within the time domain data, and this information, perhaps with the suggested residues, might provide additional insight into therapeutic development strategies for COVID-19 and beyond.