bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in incidence and survival in patients with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors: A SEER database analysis, 1977-2016
Authors: Liu Miao , Wei Lingge , Liu Wei , Chen Shupeng , Guan Meichao , Zhang Yingjie , Guo Ziyu , Liu Ruiqi , Xie Peng 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesWe aimed to determine trends in incidence and survival in patients with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs) from 1977 to 2016, and then analyze the potential risk factors including sex, age, race, grade, Socioeconomic status (SES), site, and stage.MethodsData were obtained from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, relative survival rates (RSRs), and Cox proportional risk regression model were used to evaluate the relationship between these factors and prognosis.ResultsCompared with other sites, the small intestine and rectum have the highest incidence, and the appendix and rectum had the highest survival rate. The incidence was higher in males than in females, and the survival rate in males was close to females. Blacks had a higher incidence rate than whites, but similar survival rates. Incidence and survival rates were lower for G3&amp;4 than for G1 and G2. Age, stage, and grade are risk factors.ConclusionsThis study described changes in the incidence and survival rates of GI-NETs from 1977 to 2016 and performed risk factor analyses related to GI-NETs.
Surgical management and outcomes of spinal metastasis of malignant adrenal tumor: A retrospective study of six cases and literature review
Authors: Ni Xiangzhi , Wang Jing , Cao Jiashi , Zhang Kun , Hou Shuming , Huang Xing , Song Yuanjin , Gao Xin , Xiao Jianru , Liu Tielong 
Published: January 2023

PurposeSpinal metastasis of malignant adrenal tumor (SMMAT) is an extremely rare and poorly understood malignant tumor originating from the adrenal gland. The objective of this study is to elucidate the clinical characteristics and discuss surgical management and outcomes of SMMAT.MethodsIncluded in this study were six SMMAT patients who received surgical treatment in our center between February 2013 and May 2022. Their clinical data and outcomes were retrospectively analyzed to gain a better understanding of SMMAT. In addition, ten cases from the literature focusing on SMMAT were also reviewed.ResultsSurgery was performed successfully, and the associated symptoms were relieved significantly in all patients postoperatively. The mean follow-up duration was 26.2 (range 3-55) months. Two patients died of tumor recurrence 12 and 48 months after operation respectively. The other four patients were alive at the last follow-up.ConclusionsThe prognosis of SMMAT is usually poor. Preoperative embolization and early surgical radical resection can offer satisfactory clinical outcomes. The patient’s health status, preoperative neurological function, tumor location and the resection mode are potential prognostic factors of SMMAT.
“suMus,” a novel digital system for arm movement metrics and muscle energy expenditure
Authors: Gerhalter Teresa , Müller Christina , Maron Elke , Thielen Markus , Schätzl Teresa , Mähler Anja , Schütte Till , Boschmann Michael , Herzer René , Spuler Simone , Gazzerro Elisabetta 
Published: January 2023

Objective: In the field of non-treatable muscular dystrophies, promising new gene and cell therapies are being developed and are entering clinical trials. Objective assessment of therapeutic effects on motor function is mandatory for economical and ethical reasons. Main shortcomings of existing measurements are discontinuous data collection in artificial settings as well as a major focus on walking, neglecting the importance of hand and arm movements for patients’ independence. We aimed to create a digital tool to measure muscle function with an emphasis on upper limb motility.Methods: suMus provides a custom-made App running on smartwatches. Movement data are sent to the backend of a suMus web-based platform, from which they can be extracted as CSV data. Fifty patients with neuromuscular diseases assessed the pool of suMus activities in a first orientation phase. suMus performance was hence validated in four upper extremity exercises based on the feedback of the orientation phase. We monitored the arm metrics in a cohort of healthy volunteers using the suMus application, while completing each exercise at low frequency in a metabolic chamber. Collected movement data encompassed average acceleration, rotation rate as well as activity counts. Spearman rank tests correlated movement data with energy expenditure from the metabolic chamber.Results: Our novel application “suMus,” sum of muscle activity, collects muscle movement data plus Patient-Related-Outcome-Measures, sends real-time feedback to patients and caregivers and provides, while ensuring data protection, a long-term follow-up of disease course. The application was well received from the patients during the orientation phase. In our pilot study, energy expenditure did not differ between overnight fasted and non-fasted participants. Acceleration ranged from 1.7 ± 0.7 to 3.2 ± 0.5 m/sec2 with rotation rates between 0.9 ± 0.5 and 2.0 ± 3.4 rad/sec. Acceleration and rotation rate as well as derived activity counts correlated with energy expenditure values measured in the metabolic chamber for one exercise (r = 0.58, p &lt; 0.03).Conclusion: In the analysis of slow frequency movements of upper extremities, the integration of the suMus application with smartwatch sensors characterized motion parameters, thus supporting a use in clinical trial outcome measures. Alternative methodologies need to complement indirect calorimetry in validating accelerometer-derived energy expenditure data.
Impact of exogenous hydrogen peroxide on osteogenic differentiation of broiler chicken compact bones derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Tompkins Y. H. , Liu G. , Kim W. K. 
Published: January 2023

The effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the osteogenic differentiation of primary chicken mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were investigated. MSCs were subjected to an osteogenic program and exposed to various concentrations of H2O2 for 14 days. Results showed that high concentrations of H2O2 (200 and 400 nM) significantly increased pro-apoptotic marker CASP8 expression and impaired osteogenic differentiation, as indicated by decreased mRNA expression levels of osteogenesis-related genes and reduced in vitro mineralization. In contrast, long-term H2O2 exposure promoted basal expression of adipogenic markers at the expense of osteogenesis in MSCs during osteogenic differentiation, and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as altered antioxidant enzyme gene expression. These findings suggest that long-term H2O2-induced ROS production impairs osteogenic differentiation in chicken MSCs under an osteogenic program.
Rhamnogalacturonan-I as a nematode chemoattractant from Lotus corniculatus L. super-growing root culture
Authors: Oota Morihiro , Toyoda Syuuto , Kotake Toshihisa , Wada Naoki , Hashiguchi Masatsugu , Akashi Ryo , Ishikawa Hayato , Favery Bruno , Tsai Allen Yi-Lun , Sawa Shinichiro 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThe soil houses a tremendous amount of micro-organisms, many of which are plant parasites and pathogens by feeding off plant roots for sustenance. Such root pathogens and parasites often rely on plant-secreted signaling molecules in the rhizosphere as host guidance cues. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of a chemoattractant of plant-parasitic root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita, RKN).MethodsThe Super-growing Root (SR) culture, consisting of excised roots from the legume species Lotus corniculatus L., was found to strongly attract infective RKN juveniles and actively secrete chemoattractants into the liquid culture media. The chemo-attractant in the culture media supernatant was purified using hydrophobicity and anion exchange chromatography, and found to be enriched in carbohydrates.ResultsMonosaccharide analyses suggest the chemo-attractant contains a wide array of sugars, but is enriched in arabinose, galactose and galacturonic acid. This purified chemoattractant was shown to contain pectin, specifically anti-rhamnogalacturonan-I and anti-arabinogalactan protein epitopes but not anti-homogalacturonan epitopes. More importantly, the arabinose and galactose sidechain groups were found to be essential for RKN-attracting activities. This chemo-attractant appears to be specific to M. incognita, as it wasn’t effective in attracting other Meloidogyne species nor Caenorhabditis elegans.DiscussionThis is the first report to identify the nematode attractant purified from root exudate of L corniculatus L. Our findings re-enforce pectic carbohydrates as important chemicals mediating micro-organism chemotaxis in the soil, and also highlight the unexpected utilities of the SR culture system in root pathogen research.
Controlled-release urea application and optimized nitrogen applied strategy reduced nitrogen leaching and maintained grain yield of paddy fields in Northwest China
Authors: Liu Ruliang , Wang Ying , Hong Yu , Wang Fang , Mao Xinping , Yi Jun 
Published: January 2023

Nitrogen loss from paddy fields contributes to most of the nitrogen pollution load in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area, threatening the water quality of the Yellow River. Consequently, optimizing the nitrogen management practices in this area is essential, which can maintain paddy grain productivity and reduce nitrogen loss simultaneously. Five treatments with different nitrogen application rates and nitrogen fertilizer types were set in this study, including conventional urea application with zero nitrogen application rate (CK, 0 kg hm-2), nitrogen expert-based fertilization application strategy (NE, 210 kg hm-2), optimized nitrogen fertilizer application strategy recommended by local government (OPT, 240 kg hm-2), and farmer’s experience-based nitrogen fertilizer application strategy (FP, 300 kg hm-2), and controlled-release urea application (CRU, 180 kg hm-2). The data from one growth season field experiment in 2021 revealed the dynamics of nitrogen concentration, paddy yield and its nitrogen uptake characteristic, and nitrogen balance in the paddy field under different nitrogen application practices. Most nitrogen leaching was observed during the seedling and tillering stages in the form of nitrate nitrogen (NO3–N). Compared with the FP, the CRU and OPT significantly reduced the nitrogen concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), and NO3–N in the surface and soil water and reduced the nitrogen leaching at 100 cm soil depth. Meanwhile, the paddy grain yield in CRU (7737 kg hm-2) and OPT (7379 kg hm-2) was not significantly decreased compared with FP (7918 kg hm-2), even though the nitrogen uptake by grain and straw was higher in FP (135 kg hm-2) than in other treatments (52.10~126.40 kg hm-2). However, the grain yield in NE (6972 kg hm-2) was decreased compared with the FP. The differences in grain yield among these treatments were mainly attributed to the ear number and grain number changes. Also, the highest nitrogen use efficiency (40.14%), apparent nitrogen efficiency (19.53 kg kg-1), and nitrogen partial productivity (43.98 kg kg-1) were identified in CRU than in other treatments. Considering increased grain yield and reducing nitrogen loss in the paddy field simultaneously, the treatments of CRU (i.e., 180 kg hm-2 nitrogen application rate with controlled-release urea) and OPT (i.e., 240 kg hm-2 nitrogen application rate with conventional urea) were recommended for nitrogen fertilizer application in the study area.
Characterization of Cyclamen genotypes using morphological descriptors and DNA molecular markers in a multivariate analysis
Authors: Cornea-Cipcigan Mihaiela , Pamfil Doru , Sisea Cristian Radu , Margaoan Rodica 
Published: January 2023

Morphological and molecular characterization of germplasm is essential for the improvement of cultivated plants efforts. This study investigated the genetic diversity of 32 Cyclamen genotypes comprising 16 C. persicum varieties and 16 Cyclamen species using multivariate analysis for 36 morphological traits (19 quantitative and 17 qualitative) and molecular characterization (SRAP and SCoT markers). The color CIELab parameters were collected via PCE-CSM7 that separately measured the leaves dark and silvery patterns and the flower’s slip (region of the petal top), eye (the region of the petal base) and sepal. Genetic diversity was also evaluated using Shannon Wiener (H′) and Simpson’s (λ) Indices, and Pilou evenness (J) using the library vegan from R software. According to the principal component analysis, the variables that contributed the most were leaf pattern color, leaf abaxial surface color, pedicel coiling, leaf and stem number. The color indicators of Cyclamen leaves showed decreased L* values in darker colored genotypes, whereas increased a* values were noticed in flower eye and lower in slip. Molecular characterization was based on 26 SRAP and 12 SCoT markers that produced clearly repeatable DNA bands and exhibited significant levels of polymorphism. Based on the morphological traits and molecular markers data, the UPGMA method for hierarchical clustering technique was used to generate the dendrograms, and their entanglement was obtained using the Tanglegram algorithm from the dendextend package with the R software. Entanglement analysis (0.30) between dendrograms obtained from the morphological and genetic analysis using SRAP markers showed a high association. Comparison between color measurements of flowers (entanglement=0.45) and leaves (entanglement=0.47) with SCoT analysis revealed differences at species level, discriminating between similar genotypes. Combined phenotypic and molecular analysis improved the comprehensive estimation of real diversity in the investigated Cyclamen genotypes. The findings of the present study are useful for quantifying diversity and genetic variability in Cyclamen breeding and genetic investigations.
Distrusted disclosures: Deception drives anti-transgender but not anti-atheist prejudice
Authors: Totton Rebecca R. , Rios Kimberly , Shogren Nathaniel 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionTransgender individuals face high levels of prejudice in interpersonal relationships. However, limited experimental research has examined the role of identity disclosure on anti-transgender prejudice.MethodsDrawing upon research on distrust and identity disclosure, two between-participants experiments (total n = 802) examined the role of intentional and unintentional identity disclosure on negative attitudes (Studies 1 &amp; 2), perceived deception (Studies 1 &amp; 2) and distrust (Study 2) toward two potentially concealable and historically distrusted identities (transgender and atheist). Specifically, the current studies examine the impact of a target’s stigmatized identity (transgender or atheist) and method of disclosure (intentional or unintentional) on perceptions of the target, perceived deceptiveness, and distrust toward the target.ResultsOur findings demonstrated that compared to atheists, transgender targets elicited greater levels of prejudice and were viewed as more deceptive, and that this effect was amplified if the target did not intentionally reveal their identity. Study 2 demonstrated that perceived deception mediated the relationship between reveal type (i.e., intentional vs. unintentional) and prejudice toward participants who read about a transgender (but not atheist) target.DiscussionWe discuss the implications of these findings for reducing prejudice toward binary transgender individuals, particularly those who do not voluntarily disclose their identity.
Psychometric properties of Persian version of wound-QOL questionnaire among older adults suffering from chronic wounds
Authors: Savadkoohi Hamed , Barasteh Salman , Ebadi Abbas , Ashrafizadeh Hadis , Akbarzadeh Amirdehi Mahdi , Safdari Ali , Mollahadi Mohsen , Oghli Saeid Hossein 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundPatients with chronic wounds experience various biopsychosocial problems which severely affects their quality of life (QoL). Thus, a Persian instrument to assess the QoL of these patients is required. This study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the wound-QOL questionnaire.MethodsThis methodological study was performed on Iranian patients during 2021–2022. The translation was carried out via forward-backward method. Face validity was addressed with 10 patients and content validity with 12 wound specialists. Construct validity was also assessed by performing exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (n = 100) and convergent validation with EQ-5D-3L plus Pain VAS Score and known-groups validity. The reliability was assessed by internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and test–retest.ResultsA total of 100 patients with chronic wounds were included in the study. Two factors with cumulative variance of 65.39% were extracted during EFA. The results revealed a significant and high correlation between the total scores of wound-QOL questionnaire, the Persian version of EQ-5D-3L (p = 0.000, r = 0.502), and Pain score (0–10; p = 0.000, r = 0.627). The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.743 and stability of the questionnaire (α = 0.872) was confirmed. In confirming the known-groups validity, the results showed that this tool can differentiate the QOL of patients with different wounds.ConclusionThe Persian version of the wound-QOL questionnaire is a valid and reliable questionnaire which can measure the QoL of patients with chronic wounds. This instrument can be used in clinical evaluation as well as research purposes across the Iranian population.
Multiple examinations indicated associations between abnormal regional homogeneity and cognitive dysfunction in major depressive disorder
Authors: Wang Yun , Li Xiaoling , Yan Haohao , Zhang Qinqin , Ou Yangpan , Wu Weibin , Shangguan Webo , Chen Wensheng , Yu Yang , Liang Jiaquan , Wu Wanting , Liao Hairong , Liu Zishan , Mai Xiancong , Xie Guojun , Guo Wenbin 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the relationships between regional neural activity and multiple related indicators in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsForty-two patients and 42 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Pearson/Spearman correlation analyses were applied to examine the associations between abnormal regional homogeneity (ReHo) and different indicators in the patients.ResultsCompared with HCs, patients with MDD had increased ReHo in the left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) and decreased ReHo values in the left putamen, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and precentral gyrus. The ReHo of the left putamen was positively correlated with the PR interval, Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status 4A, and Discriminant analysis (D), and negatively correlated with Ae (block) and Ae (total) in the patients. The ReHo value of the left ACC was positively correlated with the severity of depression, Stroop Color Word Test of C − 2B + 100 in reaction time, and negatively correlated with Ce (Missay) and Perseverative Responses in the patients. The ReHo of the left ITG was positively correlated with the Neuroticism scores and negatively correlated with the Lie scores in the patients.ConclusionThese results suggested that the decreased ReHo of the salience network might be the underpinning of cognitive impairments in patients with MDD.
‘Looking before and after’: Can simple eye tracking patterns distinguish poetic from prosaic texts?
Authors: Corcoran Rhiannon , de Bezenac Christophe , Davis Philip 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThe study of ‘serious’ literature has recently developed into an emerging field called neurocognitive poetics that applies cognitive neuroscientific techniques to examine how we understand and appreciate poetry. The current research used eye-tracking techniques on a small sample of young adults to see if and how the reading of short pieces of poetry differed from the reading of matched prosaic texts.MethodsWith ‘proof of concept’ intentions reflecting arguments first proposed by 19th Century literary figures, there was a particular focus on the differences between the reading of poetry and prose in terms number and frequency of fixations and regressive eye movements back and forth within the texts in this two-by-two experimental design (poetry vs. prose x need vs. no need for final line reappraisal).ResultsIt was found that poetic pieces compared to prosaic pieces were associated with more and longer fixations and more regressive eye movements throughout the text. The need to reappraise meaning at the prompt of a final line was only significantly associated with more regressive eye movements. Comparisons examining the 4 text conditions (poetic reappraisal, poetic non-reappraisal, prosaic reappraisal, and prosaic non-reappraisal) showed that the poetic reappraisal condition was characterised by significantly more regressive eye movements as well as longer fixations compared to the prosaic non-reappraisal condition. No significant correlations were found between self-reported literary familiarity and eye tracking patterns.DiscussionDespite limitations, this proof-of-concept study provides insights into reading patterns that can help to define objectively the nature of poetic material as requiring slower reading particularly characterised by more and longer fixations and eye movements backwards through the texts compared to the faster, more linear reading of prose. Future research using these, and other psychophysiological metrics can begin to unpack the putative cognitive benefits of reading literary material.
Cross-modal correspondence enhances elevation localization in visual-to-auditory sensory substitution
Authors: Bordeau Camille , Scalvini Florian , Migniot Cyrille , Dubois Julien , Ambard Maxime 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionVisual-to-auditory sensory substitution devices are assistive devices for the blind that convert visual images into auditory images (or soundscapes) by mapping visual features with acoustic cues. To convey spatial information with sounds, several sensory substitution devices use a Virtual Acoustic Space (VAS) using Head Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) to synthesize natural acoustic cues used for sound localization. However, the perception of the elevation is known to be inaccurate with generic spatialization since it is based on notches in the audio spectrum that are specific to each individual. Another method used to convey elevation information is based on the audiovisual cross-modal correspondence between pitch and visual elevation. The main drawback of this second method is caused by the limitation of the ability to perceive elevation through HRTFs due to the spectral narrowband of the sounds.MethodIn this study we compared the early ability to localize objects with a visual-to-auditory sensory substitution device where elevation is either conveyed using a spatialization-based only method (Noise encoding) or using pitch-based methods with different spectral complexities (Monotonic and Harmonic encodings). Thirty eight blindfolded participants had to localize a virtual target using soundscapes before and after having been familiarized with the visual-to-auditory encodings.ResultsParticipants were more accurate to localize elevation with pitch-based encodings than with the spatialization-based only method. Only slight differences in azimuth localization performance were found between the encodings.DiscussionThis study suggests the intuitiveness of a pitch-based encoding with a facilitation effect of the cross-modal correspondence when a non-individualized sound spatialization is used.