bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topological Graph Representation and Configuration Synthesis for Power-Split Hybrid Transmissions of Multi-Planetary Gear Trains
Authors: Geng Meijie , Ding Huafeng , Ke Tao , Yang Wenjian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Power-split hybrid transmissions are the core components of power-split hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and the quest for a more energy-efficient and higher-performing power-split hybrid transmission has long been the focus of study. In contrast to previously published methodologies, this paper proposes a novel approach for directly synthesizing power-split hybrid transmissions that makes use of the results of previously synthesized planetary gear trains (PGTs) rather than necessitating a resynthesis of their PGTs. A new topological graph that can construct a bridge between the PGTs and power-split hybrid transmission has been developed, reducing the computational complexity in the synthesis process. The new topological graph is obtained by adding topological characteristics of the power-split hybrid transmission to the PGT graph. A standard structure matrix is proposed to further screen out all the isomorphic configurations. The present method can generate various types of multi-PGT hybrid transmissions while avoiding mechanical structural interference. The design process of configurations for power-split hybrid transmission with three-column PGTs (3-PGT) is used as an example to prove the rationality of the method.
Fatigue Crack Growth Evaluation of Pipeline Steels and Girth Welds
Authors: Park Dong-Yeob , Liang Jie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Fatigue test specimens were prepared and tested with an API 5 L X70 spiral welded pipe steel and girth weld. For a few selected specimens, two unloading compliance techniques (elastic compliance and back-face strain compliance) were applied simultaneously to a single specimen for direct comparisons of in situ crack size estimation. This paper also includes fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) data of other pipe steels and welds available in the literature. It was observed that most FCGR curves of pipeline steels (X65–X100) remained within the BS 7910 mean and upper bound design curves in the Paris region. It was noted that the FCGR of austenitic stainless pipe steel and girth weld obtained from Arora et al. (2014), “Fatigue Crack Growth Studies on Narrow Gap Pipe Welds of Austenitic Stainless Steel Material,” Procedia Eng., 86, pp. 203–208) showed a very superior fatigue property.
Convergent Validity of Time in Bed Estimates From activPAL and Actiwatch in Free-Living Youth and Adults
Authors: Hibbing Paul R. , Carlson Jordan A. , Simon Stacey L. , Melanson Edward L. , Creasy Seth A. 
Published: August 2023

Actiwatch devices are often used to estimate time in bed (TIB) but recently became commercially unavailable. Thigh-worn activPAL devices could be a viable alternative. We tested convergent validity between activPAL (CREA algorithm) and Actiwatch devices. Data were from free-living samples comprising 47 youth (3–16 valid nights/participant) and 42 adults (6–26 valid nights/participant) who wore both devices concurrently. On average, activPAL predicted earlier bedtimes and later risetimes compared with Actiwatch, resulting in longer overnight intervals (by 1.49 hr/night for youth and 0.67 hr/night for adults; both p < .001). TIB interruptions were predicted less commonly by activPAL (mean <2 interruptions/night for both youth and adults) than Actiwatch (mean of 24–26 interruptions/night in both groups; both p < .001). Overnight intervals for both devices tended to overlap for lengthy periods (mean of 7.38 hr/night for youth and 7.69 hr/night for adults). Within these overlapping periods, the devices gave matching epoch-level TIB predictions an average of 87.9% of the time for youth and 84.3% of the time for adults. Most remaining epochs (11.8% and 15.1%, respectively) were classified as TIB by activPAL, but not Actiwatch. Overall, the devices had fair agreement during the overlapping periods but limited agreement when predicting interruptions, bedtime, or risetime. Future work should assess the criterion validity of activPAL devices to understand implications for health research. The present findings demonstrate that activPAL is not interchangeable with Actiwatch, which is consistent with their differing foundations (thigh inclination for activPAL vs. wrist movement for Actiwatch).
Machine learning-based detection of adventitious microbes in T-cell therapy cultures using long-read sequencing
Authors: Strutt James P. B. , Natarajan Meenubharathi , Lee Elizabeth , Teo Denise Bei Lin , Sin Wei-Xiang , Cheung Ka-Wai , Chew Marvin , Thazin Khaing , Barone Paul W. , Wolfrum Jacqueline M. , Williams Rohan B. H. , Rice Scott A. , Springs Stacy L. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Assuring that cell therapy products are safe before releasing them for use in patients is critical. Currently, compendial sterility testing for bacteria and fungi can take 7–14 days. The goal of this work was to develop a rapid untargeted approach for the sensitive detection of microbial contaminants at low abundance from low volume samples during the manufacturing process of cell therapies. We developed a long-read sequencing methodology using Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION platform with 16S and 18S amplicon sequencing to detect USP <71> organisms and other microbial species. Reads are classified metagenomically to predict the microbial species. We used an extreme gradient boosting machine learning algorithm (XGBoost) to first assess if a sample is contaminated, and second, determine whether the predicted contaminant is correctly classified or misclassified. The model was used to make a final decision on the sterility status of the input sample. An optimized experimental and bioinformatics pipeline starting from spiked species through to sequenced reads allowed for the detection of microbial samples at 10 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL using metagenomic classification. Machine learning can be coupled with long-read sequencing to detect and identify sample sterility status and microbial species present in T-cell cultures, including the USP <71> organisms to 10 CFU/mL.

IMPORTANCE
This research presents a novel method for rapidly and accurately detecting microbial contaminants in cell therapy products, which is essential for ensuring patient safety. Traditional testing methods are time-consuming, taking 7–14 days, while our approach can significantly reduce this time. By combining advanced long-read nanopore sequencing techniques and machine learning, we can effectively identify the presence and types of microbial contaminants at low abundance levels. This breakthrough has the potential to improve the safety and efficiency of cell therapy manufacturing, leading to better patient outcomes and a more streamlined production process.
Using infection prevalence, seroprevalence and case report data to estimate chlamydial infection incidence
Authors: Clay Patrick A , Pollock Emily D , Copen Casey E , Anyalechi E Gloria , Danavall Damien C , Hong Jaeyoung , Khosropour Christine M , Galloway Eboni , Spicknall Ian H 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesTo measure the effectiveness of chlamydia control strategies, we must estimate infection incidence over time. Available data, including survey-based infection prevalence and case reports, have limitations as proxies for infection incidence. We therefore developed a novel method for estimating chlamydial incidence.MethodsWe linked a susceptible infectious mathematical model to serodynamics data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, as well as to annual case reports. We created four iterations of this model, varying assumptions about how the method of infection clearance (via treatment seeking, routine screening or natural clearance) relates to long-term seropositivity. Using these models, we estimated annual infection incidence for women aged 18–24 and 25–37 years in 2014. To assess model plausibility, we also estimated natural clearance for the same groups.ResultsOf the four models we analysed, the model that best explained the empirical data was the one in which longer-lasting infections, natural clearance and symptomatic infections all increased the probability of long-term seroconversion. Using this model, we estimated 5910 (quartile (Q)1, 5330; Q3, 6500) incident infections per 100 000 women aged 18–24 years and 2790 (Q1, 2500; Q3, 3090) incident infections per 100 000 women aged 25–37 years in 2014. Furthermore, we estimated that natural clearance rates increased with age.ConclusionsOur method can be used to estimate the number of chlamydia infections each year, and thus whether infection incidence increases or decreases over time and after policy changes. Furthermore, our results suggest that clearance via medical intervention may lead to short-term or no seroconversion, and the duration of untreated chlamydial infection may vary with age, underlining the complexity of chlamydial infection dynamics.
Development of the Canadian Eating Practices Screener to assess eating practices based on 2019 Canada's Food Guide recommendations
Authors: Wallace Angela , Martin Alicia , Bédard Alexandra , Pitre Camille , Lemieux Simone , Simpson Janis Randall , Kirkpatrick Sharon I. , Hutchinson Joy M. , Williams Tabitha E. , Westaway Ailish M. , Lamarche Benoît , Day Meghan , Guenther Patricia M. , Jessri Mahsa , L'Abbé Mary R. , Louzada Maria Laura de Costa , Olstad Dana Lee , Prowse Rachel , Reedy Jill , Vatanparast Hassan , Vena Jennifer E. , Haines Jess 
Published: August 2023

In 2019, Health Canada released a new iteration of Canada's Food Guide (2019-CFG), which, for the first time, highlighted recommendations regarding eating practices, i.e., guidance on where, when, why, and how to eat. The objective of this study was to develop a brief self-administered screener to assess eating practices recommended in the 2019-CFG among adults aged 18–65 years. Development of the screener items was informed by a review of existing tools and mapping of items onto 2019-CFG recommendations. Face and content validity were assessed with experts in public health nutrition and/or dietary assessment ( n = 16) and individuals from Government of Canada ( n = 14). Cognitive interviews were conducted with English-speaking ( n = 16) and French-speaking ( n = 16) adults living in Canada to assess face validity and understanding of the screener items. While some modifications were identified to improve relevance or clarity, overall, the screener items were found to be relevant, well-constructed, and clearly worded. This comprehensive process resulted in the Canadian Eating Practices Screener/Questionnaire court canadien sur les pratiques alimentaires, which includes 21 items that assess eating practices recommended in the 2019-CFG. This screener can facilitate monitoring and surveillance efforts of the 2019-CFG eating practices as well as research exploring how these practices are associated with various health outcomes.
Exploring high-frequency gravitational waves with magnons
Authors: Ito Asuka , Soda Jiro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDetecting gravitational waves with frequencies higher than 10 kHz requires new strategies. In previous papers, we proposed magnon gravitational wave detectors and gave the first limit on gigahertz gravitational waves by reinterpreting the existing data from axion dark matter experiments. In this paper, we show that the sensitivity can be improved by constructing the detector specific to gravitational waves. In particular, we employ an infinite sum of terms in the expansion of Fermi normal coordinates to probe gravitational waves with a wavelength comparable to the detector size. As a consequence, we obtain sensitivity of around $$h_c \sim 10^{-20}$$

h
c

∼

10

-
20

.
Modulation of Pulsatile Left Ventricular Afterload by Renal Denervation in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Rommel Karl-Philipp , Pagoulatou Stamatia , Kresoja Karl-Patrik , Rosch Sebastian , Schöber Anne Rebecca , von Roeder Maximilian , Thiele Holger , Fengler Karl , Stergiopulos Nikolaos , Lurz Philipp 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Arterial stiffening contributes to hemodynamic derangements in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We sought to investigate the impact of renal denervation on pulsatile left ventricular loading in patients with HFpEF and hypertensive patients without heart failure (control).

Methods:
Patients underwent renal denervation for treatment of hypertension and were followed up at 3 months at a single center. A validated computer model of the arterial tree, noninvasive aortic flow curves, left ventricular volumes, and E/e′ as inputs were used to determine key parameters of left ventricular vascular load.

Results:
In comparison to controls (n=30), patients with HFpEF (n=30) demonstrated lower total arterial compliance (mean difference, −0.41 [95% CI, −0.72 to −0.10] mL/mm Hg), higher impedance of the proximal aorta (Zc: 0.02; 0.01 to 0.04 mHg·s/mL), premature wave reflections (shorter backward wave transit time normalized to ejection time: −3.5; −6.5% to −0.5%), and higher wave reflection magnitude (reflection coefficient: 7.3; 2.8% to 11.9%). Overall, daytime systolic (−9.2; −12.2 to −6.2 mm Hg) and diastolic blood pressures (−5.9; −7.6 to −4.1 mm Hg) as well as blood pressure variability (−2.0; −3.0 to −0.9 mm Hg) decreased after renal denervation. In patients with HFpEF, total arterial compliance (0.42; 0.17 to 0.67 mL/mm Hg) and backward transit time normalized to ejection time (1.7; 0.4% to 3.0%) increased; Zc (−0.01; −0.02 to −0.01 mm Hg·s/mL) and reflection coefficient (−2.6; −5.0% to −0.3%) decreased after renal denervation. This was accompanied by a symptomatic improvement in patients with HFpEF.

Conclusion:
HFpEF is characterized by heightened aortic stiffness and unfavorable pulsatile left ventricular load. These abnormalities are partly normalized after renal denervation.
Virtual Reality Versus Flatscreen Pornography: Correlations and Effects on Relationship Satisfaction, Rape-Myth Acceptance, and Problematic Use
Authors: Mitchell Katharine M. , Ratan Rabindra , Maas Megan K. , Holt Karen , Slaker Janine S. , Gambino Andrew 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Traditional pornography use on a flatscreen (FS) is associated with lower relationship satisfaction, greater rape-myth acceptance (RMA), and problematic pornography use. Increasingly, immersive media technologies, such as virtual reality (VR), are transforming the way people consume and are potentially influenced by pornography. Spatial and social presence help explain differences between VR and FS in other media contexts and are therefore considered in the present study. This research examines effects and associations of VR pornography compared to FS pornography. A two-phase study was conducted to investigate how relationship satisfaction, RMA, and problematic pornography use vary between FS and VR formats. Study 1 used a survey to assess associations between use of VR pornography and relationship satisfaction, RMA, and problematic pornography use. Study 2 employed a 2 (modality: VR or FS) x 2 (masturbation: restricted or unrestricted) between-subjects online experiment. After the manipulation, participants completed a questionnaire. In both study phases, results suggest that consuming VR pornography is associated with less relationship satisfaction. Both RMA and problematic pornography use were associated with VR pornography use in Study 1, but there were no effects in Study 2. The findings presented here elucidate potential impacts of VR pornography use compared to FS consumption.
Redefining the Principle of Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources from a Geographical Perspective
Authors: Ibrahim Imad Antoine 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources has been a subject of debate since its emergence. Scholars have discussed its purpose and effectiveness, as well as whether there is a need to reinterpret or update it given the numerous changes that have taken place over the last few decades. This article falls under the latter category, as the author argues for the need to redefine this concept, since its current definition does not allow its practical implementation in the transboundary context. To prove this point, transboundary aquifers are selected as a case study, as well as their most recent legal instrument, the Draft Articles on the Law of Transboundary Aquifers, adopted in 2008.
International Community? What International Community?
Authors: Gazzini Tarcisio 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The expression “international community” is ubiquitous in international legal instruments, government policies, jurisprudence and scholarship. Yet, its meaning, significance and repercussions in international law are still unclear. The departing point of the analysis is the horizontal or decentralized character of the international legal order, which lacks any authorities above States and has traditionally been the kingdom of bilateralism. In the second part of the XX Century, however, States moved beyond bilateralism and accepted the existence of obligations owned to the international community as a whole. The paper looks at such historical development from three different perspectives: (a) the definition(s) of “international community” in State practice and its possible identification with the United Nations; (b) the legal implications of the emergence in international jurisprudence and practice of obligations owned to the international community as a whole, as celebrated in the Barcelona Traction Case (1970); and (c) the rules governing international responsibility for breaches of those obligations, which were not completely defined in the International Law Commission’s Articles on State Responsibility (2001).
The World Health Organization’s Response to the Health Emergency and its Impact on Investment Arbitration and Human Rights Case Law
Authors: Faccio Sondra 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The paper discusses the potential impact of the World Health Organisation (WHO)’s recommendations and guidelines on the assessment of the State’s right to regulate by investment tribunals, and on the assessment of the State’s decision to limit and/or suspend certain human rights for reasons of public interest and in cases of emergency by human rights Courts.
‘The Skills. . . had to be Used Simply Because They Were There’: Instrumental Rationality in the Military Domain
Authors: Levy Yagil 
Published: August 2023

This article is conceptually motivated to show how instrumental rationality is reflected in the military domain. Instrumental rationality refers to the adoption of suitable means to achieve particular ends. However, this conception was criticised by the Frankfurt School for focusing on means rather than on ends. Based on this critique, I present specific categories of instrumental rationality in the military domain. I will argue that instrumental rationality, or at least its faulty application, is reflected in means-centred thinking whereby the means justify the ends. This approach may create specific categories in the military domain: means justify the ends just because they are available, and they can also expand the ends. The means-centred approach may be expanded from subordinating ends to means to focusing on the objects to be attacked, thus developing an objects-centred approach that may also develop into a focus on the direct outcome of the operation of means, thus becoming a tool of legitimation. A similar legitimising impact is produced by the process of moralisation implicit in the focus on means. Finally, a means-centred approach may be translated into overconfidence in the omnipotence of means, and can thereby be elevated to the belief that weapons can obviate the need for political settlement. « Ces compétences. . . devaient être utilisées simplement parce qu’elles étaient là »: La rationalité instrumentale dans le domaine militaire
Loneliness in healthcare providers: Results from a mid-pandemic survey
Authors: Kolcz Diana L. , Ferrand Jennifer , Young Kevin P. , O’Sullivan David M. , Robinson Kenneth 
Published: August 2023

Background Provider loneliness in healthcare can have devastating consequences. The causes of loneliness are not well known and workplace changes during the COVID-19 pandemic likely cause fewer opportunities for socialization. Objective We sought to explore the relationships between healthcare worker loneliness and isolation among various specialties and work environments. We evaluated factors that may contribute to increased loneliness/isolation, such as job satisfaction, time with peers, and work-related changes during COVID-19. Design An email containing an 18-item survey was sent out to Hartford Hospital’s medical staff. Setting Hartford Hospital Participants Hartford Hospital’s medical staff including physicians, psychologists, physician assistants, and APRNs Measurements Our survey included demographic information, questions regarding frequency of meaningful interactions with colleagues, isolation behaviors, as well as the UCLA 3-Item Loneliness Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-2, Single-Item Burnout Scale, and Single-Item Measure of Job Satisfaction Results Of 1,015 respondents, almost half (48%) reported feeling lonely. Staff in procedure areas had significantly higher loneliness scores, while hospital-based floor/unit staff reported the lowest scores. Isolation was attributed to exhaustion from clinical work (36.1%), being too busy (39.6%), and being cautious due to COVID-19 (39.2%). Those who reported burnout, depression, and having few meaningful interactions all had increased loneliness scores. Those with higher job satisfaction reported lower loneliness. Limitations While our study had a 51% response rate, this rate is equivalent or higher than the response rate the organization receives to obligatory engagement surveys. It is likely that the ongoing pandemic affected these results. Conclusion We found significant levels of loneliness among our medical staff that appeared strongly related to work setting and environment. Social isolation behaviors were associated with higher loneliness scores. Future research should examine the efficacy of tailored strategies/interventions to reduce loneliness. Primary Funding Source None