bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economical production, optimization, and characterization of bio-vanillin (4-hydroxy-3- methoxybenzaldehyde) using lignocellulosic waste
Authors: Paul Veena , Agarwal Aparna , Tripathi Abhishek Dutt 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Coconut coir waste is a rich lignocellulosic biomass. The coconut coir waste generated from temples is resistant to natural degradation, and its accumulation causes environmental pollution. Ferulic acid, a vanillin precursor, was extracted from the coconut coir waste by hydro-distillation extraction. The extracted ferulic acid was used for bio-vanillin synthesis by Bacillus aryabhattai NCIM 5503 under submerged fermentation. The process variables were optimized using the Taguchi design of the experiment. A 27 set of experimental trials was constructed with the seven most influential factors on bio-vanillin biosynthesis at three levels for the proposed experimental design. The bio-vanillin yield obtained was processed with Qualitek-4 software at bigger is better as a quality character and obtained a specific combination of factors with a predicted bio-vanillin production of 644.61 ± 0.01 mg/L. The optimal combinations of factors obtained from the proposed DOE methodology were further validated. The result revealed an enhanced bio-vanillin yield of 29.23-fold (from 495.96 ± 0.01 to 640.96 ± 0.02 mg/L) from its unoptimized condition. The extracted bio-vanillin was characterized using High-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared, and Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry Quadrupole time-of-flight.
Enhancement of Colour Density and Anthocyanin Stabilities in Pomegranate Juice Against Hmf at Various Concentrations Through Amino Acid Copigmentation During Storage
Authors: Türkyılmaz Meltem , Hamzaoğlu Fatmagül , Çiftci Rumeysa Betül Arı , Özkan Mehmet 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Degradation effect of various 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) concentrations (2.3–15.2 mg/L) on pomegranate juice (PJ) anthocyanins/colour and potential of amino acids [aspartic acid (AA), phenylalanine (PA) and valine (V)] to reduce anthocyanin degradation by copigmentation were investigated. Stabilities of anthocyanin and colour density (CD) were reduced by 5.2–8.2 mg HMF/L but increased by 15.2 mg HMF/L. When ratios of “cy-3,5-diglu to HMF” and “cy-3-glu to HMF” were 1.82–2.67 and 1.91–2.85, respectively, copigmentation took place. AA and V reduced HMF content. As number of –CH3 group in an amino acid increased, stability of HMF reduction effect by the amino acid also increased. In PJ containing 8.2 mg HMF/L, V, a hydrophobic-aliphatic amino acid, provided the highest stabilities for individual anthocyanins, CD and hyperchromic effect (HE). AA increased the stabilities of CD and HE in PJ containing 5.2 mg HMF/L, while PA increased CD stability at 15.2 mg HMF/L concentration.
Operating Room Air May Harbor Pathogens: The Role of An Ultraviolet Air Filtration Unit.
Authors: Fernández-Rodríguez Diana , Tarabichi Saad , Golankiewicz Krystal , Zappley Nicolina , Parvizi Javad 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Prevention of surgical site infections involves implementation of numerous steps including ultraclean air in the operating room (OR). We conducted this prospective study to determine and compare the nature and quantity of microbes in the OR, as detected from the inlet and outlet flow of an ultraviolet filtration unit. To do so, a filtration unit with a crystalline ultraviolet unit (C-UVC) was placed in the OR. The inflow and outflow air from the unit was sampled at the beginning and at conclusion of each surgical procedure. We recorded surgical-related variables and processed the air swabs for culture and Next-Generation Sequencing. The mean length of the surgical procedures sampled was 68±13 minutes. Overall, 19 out of 200 (9.5%) swabs isolated microorganisms. Inflow swabs were positive at a higher rate (16% vs. 3%; p<0.01), compared to the outflow air swabs. A wide variety of Gram-positive, Gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria, and fungi were isolated. The detection of microorganisms was higher in light of a higher number of door openings (32.5±7.1 vs. 27.9±5.6; p<0.01). Our study showed that microorganisms are present in the OR. Moreover, a specialized filtration unit with a C-UVC light was effective in filtering these microorganisms in the majority of cases.
Characterization of Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents from 2017–2022 in China: A Single-center Analysis
Authors: Wu Shimin , Gao Yuan , Guo Shusen , Fu Lina , Ying Yanqin , Wu Wei , Hou Ling , Liang Yan , Luo Xiaoping 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the characteristics of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) related to autoimmunity and the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children and adolescents from 2017–2022 in China.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Single-center regional data from the Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, were used to compare 88 children and adolescents newly diagnosed with T1DM from 2020 to 2022 (i.e. during the COVID-19 pandemic in China) and 76 children and adolescents diagnosed with T1DM from 2017 to 2019. Auto-antibodies, including glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 and insulin auto-antibodies, were detected by enzyme-linked immunoassays. DKA was defined as a pH < 7.3 and/or a bicarbonate level < 15 mmol/L.RESULTS The median age of the 164 children and adolescents newly diagnosed with T1DM from 2017 to 2022 was 7.0 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 3.8–10.0 years; 51.83% male). The mean annual incidence of T1DM was 4.25/100,000. The estimated frequency of auto-antibody positivity was 51.22% (n = 84), and there was no difference between the 2020–2022 group and 2017–2019 group (55.68% [n = 49] vs. 46.5% [n = 35]; p = 0.219). The incidence of DKA among the entire cohort was 57.93% (n = 95). The frequency of DKA was not significantly higher in the 2020–2022 group compared with the 2017–2019 group (60.23% [n = 53] vs. 55.26% [n = 42]; p = 0.521). We found no significant difference in the frequency of DKA between patients who were negative vs. positive for auto-antibodies in the 2020–2022 group (64.10% [n = 25] vs. 57.14% [n = 28], p > 0.05). The C-peptide level and HbA1c (%) were positively correlated with onset age (R1 = 0.389, p < 0.01; R2 = 0.371, p < 0.01), and the estimated mean C-peptide level was 0.26 ng/ml (IQR: 0.2–0.4 ng/ml) in patients with DKA and 0.370 ng/ml (IQR: 0.2–0.6 ng/ml) in patients without DKA (p = 0.044).CONCLUSIONS This study showed the annual incidence of T1DM was 4.25/100,000, gradually increased over the study period, and there was no significant increase in T1DM with auto-antibody positivity in children and adolescents newly diagnosed from 2020–2022 in China compared with the previous 3 years. Furthermore, the frequencies of DKA were not significantly different between patients who were negative vs. positive for auto-antibodies.
Evaluation of the implementation of patient decision aid: A mixed-method study
Authors: Tong Wen Ting , Ng Chirk Jenn , Lee Yew Kong , Lee Ping Yein 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of an insulin-choice PDA specifically measuring implementation outcomes.Methods A mixed-methods sequential explanatory design was used. The RE-AIM domains namely “Reach”, “Adoption”, “Implementation”, and “Maintenance” were used to guide evaluation.Results For ‘Reach’, 88.9% (n = 48/54) of doctors and 55% (n = 11/20) of nurses attended the insulin PDA training workshops. This was attributed to their self-motivation and the mandate from the Head of Department. The PDA reached 387 patients and was facilitated by the doctors who delivered the PDA to them and their own desire to know more about insulin. Doctors’ ‘Adoption’ of the PDA was high (83.3%, n = 45/54) due to the positive personal experience with the usefulness of the PDA. Only 65.7% (n = 94/143) of patients who received the PDA read it. The degree of ‘Implementation’ of the PDA varied for different tasks (ranged from 19.2%-84.9%) and was challenged by patient and system barriers. For ‘Maintenance’, 80% of the doctors were willing to continue using the PDA due to its benefits.Conclusion This study highlighted that PDA implementation is promising. Addressing the issues of social hierarchy, and HCPs’ roles and responsibilities can further improve implementation outcomes.
Low neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and pan-immune-inflammation-value predict nodal pathologic complete response in 1274 breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a multicenter analysis
Authors: Gasparri Maria Luisa , Albasini Sara , Truffi Marta , Favilla Karin , Tagliaferri Barbara , Piccotti Francesca , Bossi Daniela , Armatura Giulia , Calcinotto Arianna , Chiappa Corrado , Combi Francesca , Curcio Annalisa , Valle Angelica Della , Ferrari Guglielmo , Folli Secondo , Ghilli Matteo , Listorti Chiara , Mancini Stefano , Marinello Peter , Mele Simone , Pertusati Anna , Roncella Manuela , Rossi Lorenzo , Rovera Francesca , Segattini Silvia , Sgarella Adele , Tognali Daniela , Corsi Fabio 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Systemic inflammatory markers draw great interest as potential blood-based prognostic factors in several oncological settings. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) predict nodal pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in node positive (cN+) breast cancer (BC) patients.Methods Clinically node-positive BC patients undergoing NAC followed by breast and axillary surgery were enrolled in a multicentric study from 11 Breast Units. Pre-treatment blood counts were collected for the analysis and used to calculate NLR and PIV. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate independent predictors of nodal pCR.Results A total of 1274 cN + BC patients were included. Nodal pCR was achieved in 586 (46%) patients. At multivariate analysis, low NLR (OR = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51–0.98; p-value = 0.04) and low PIV (OR = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.44–0.90; p-value = 0.01) were independently predictive of increased likelihood of nodal pCR. A sub-analysis on cN1 patients (n = 1075), confirmed the statistical significance of these variables. PIV was significantly associated with axillary pCR in ER-/HER2+ (OR = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.12–0.83; p-value = 0.02) and ER-/HER2- (OR = 0.41; 95% CI, 0.17–0.97; p-value = 0.04) BC patients.Conclusion This study found that low NLR and PIV levels predict axillary pCR in patients with BC undergoing NAC.Trial registration Eudract number NCT05798806
Dynamic analysis of thermal crack propagation in RCD dams considering rotational component of ground motion
Authors: Tavakoli Hamid Reza , Mofid Taghi , Dehestani Mehdi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In design and construction of the Roller-Compacted Concrete dams (RCD) controlling of the thermal cracks is a significant matter. In the construction of RCD dams, two types of internal and external concrete are used; Thermal cracks are occurred due to hydration of various cements in this type of dams. Ignorance of this issue can lead to crack formation in the susceptible points of the dams and also propagation of the cracks during an earthquake is a threat to the stability and durability of the dam. In this research, the behavior of the thermal cracks existed in the RCD dam body, is investigated through translational and rotational components of the seismic ground motion. Three-dimensional finite element model of the concrete gravity dam is built in ABAQUS software, and the model was subjected to 7 near-field earthquake records. After validation of the model, the propagation of the thermal crack existed in the dam body is evaluated using fracture mechanics criterion (J-integral criterion). The results of the finite element analysis show that the existence of the thermal cracks in the susceptible points of the dam, leads to propagation of these cracks during an earthquake. Especially, with considering the rotational component of the ground motion which has the significant contribution in the obtained values of the crack propagation criterion; This contribution is related to the intensity and frequency content of the earthquake, which can lead to an increase of the crack propagation energy up to 50 percent in some earthquake records.
Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection in Ethiopia: systematic and meta-analysis
Authors: Abriham Zufan Yiheyis , Belew Aysheshim Kassahun , Baffa Lemlem Daniel , Mengistu Berhanu , Gasahw Moges , Mohammod Esmeal Ali , Alemayehu Mekonnen Sisay , Angaw Dessie Abebaw 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background In malaria endemic regions, Plasmodium falciparum infection is characterized by variable genetic diversity at different settings. The parasite's various forms are found at varied frequency in different geographic areas, resulting in different levels of multiplicity of infection. This study was under taken to determine the status of P. falciparum genetic diversity and MOI in different regions of Ethiopia.Methods Relevant publications were identified from electronic databases such as; PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Google scholar and Google. Besides, an online search was done using the above databases for all articles published in English on genetic diversity of P.falciparum in Ethiopia. STATA software was used for data analysis. The pooled estimates were calculated using random effect model. The summary estimates were presented using forest plots and tables.Results A total of 11 studies were included in the systematic review. However, only 8, 10 and 2 studies were included for Pfmsp-1, msp-2 and glurp gene meta-analysis, respectively. However, the meta-analysis result showed that the pooled prevalence of Pfmsp-1, msp-2 and glurp gene were 84% for both msp-1/2 and 51%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of msp-1 gene was higher in Amhara region followed by Oromia region and lower in SNNPR while, for msp-2 gene the pooled prevalence was higher in Benshangul gumez region and lower in SNNPR. Among the allelic family of msp-1 and msp-2 genes, MAD20 (34%) and FC27 (44%) were the most predominant respectively.Conclusion Based on the review, there is evidence of the presence of high genetic diversity of P. falciparum parasites in Ethiopia, suggesting that malaria transmission remain high and that strengthened control efforts are needed. The approaches and methods used for investigation, confirmation and reporting of diversified parasites have similarity between studies and across regions and should use advanced molecular techniques, like microsatellite, whole genome sequence and capillary electrophoresis to assess the genetic diversity of P. falciparum for better determination of P. falciparum genetic diversity.
Co-Infection of Covid-19 with Dengue and Chikungunya: A Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Srin Mote , Sultana Waseema , Rani Vannavada Sudha , Pavani Sanka , Mehreen Syeda Fakiha , Reddy Palkonda Shashikala , Priya Narayana Padma , Ravi Vemula 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose The present study is aimed to identify the co-infection of Covid-19 with Dengue and/or Chikungunya. The present study was conducted from June 2021 to August 2021.Method 125 serum samples were collected from febrile patients of all age groups suffering from cold and fever. These samples were tested for the presence of Covid-19 antibodies. The Covid-19 positive sample were tested for the Dengue and/or Chikungunya infections by using IgM ELISA.Results Among 125 samples, 91 samples were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. In these 91 Covid-19 positive samples, 3 samples were Dengue IgM positive and 14 were positive for Chikungunya by IgM ELISA.Conclusion In the present study, antibodies against CHIKV, DENV were detected in Covid-19 positive patients. 14 cases of coinfection between Covid-19 and Chikungunya and 3 cases of coinfection between Covid-19 and Dengue were reported from the present study.
Research on Ecological Governance of The Yellow River Basin Based on A Tripartite Game
Authors: Shen Z. F. , Fang L. Y. , Zhang M. Y. , Liang X. N. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Water pollution in the Yellow River basin is a severe obstacle to the current ecological protection and high-quality development, so pollution control in the Yellow River basin is a hot issue of national and social concern. In this paper, by constructing a tripartite game model among government regulators, enterprises along the Yellow River, and the public, the influencing factors of strategy choice among the three subjects and the evolution trend of strategy choice of each topic under different parameter changes are analyzed. Finally, MATLAB software was used to simulate the game model and discuss the results of the study, and propose countermeasures for the ecological governance of the Yellow River basin: the government regulators should set a reasonable compensation mechanism to ensure the enthusiasm of the government regulators and the continuity of public monitoring; the enterprises along the Yellow River should respond to the national call to take the corresponding responsibility while obtaining their economic benefits. To contribute to the national sustainable development strategy.
Rippability assessment of weathered granite rock mass using seismic velocity and graphical method
Authors: Suparmanto Eka Kusmawati , Mohamad Edy Tonnizam , Muztaza Nordiana Mohd , Legiman Mariatul Kiftiah Ahmad , Zainal Zuraini , Zainuddin Nurul Eilmy , Slamat Fazleen , Rathinasamy Vynotdni , Md Mohd Firdaus , Manan Azhar Abd 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Seismic refraction methods and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) are commonly used as geophysical methods for rock mass characterization and ground subsurface for excavation assessment. In this study, this method was used in the BJ Kota Tinggi Quarry, Johor to evaluate the characteristics of granite and geological features and perspective zones for excavatability. There are two (2) seismic and two (2) electric resistivity surveys were performed at this site with 69m and 80m respectively. The seismic data were processed using SeisOptPicker and SeisOpt2D software. Resistivity data were interpreted and analyzed by using the software RES2DINV. Materials with seismic velocities greater than 2000 m/s show no ripping. While a low resistivity value is obtained due to fracture zones found in harder rocks that have been filled by water or clay minerals. This seismic velocity profile is then compared with the Rippability Chart by Caterpillar using the smallest ripper D8R, to obtain the rippability of the rock. While the evaluation of excavatability is carried out using the graphical method Pettifer and Fookes (1994), consider discontinuity spacing and point load index (IS(50)). The results show that the research that can be carried out is ripping, more economical and suitable for use at this site.
Improving the accuracy of the SRK/T formula in Chinese with implanting less than 10 D IOL calculated by the SRK/T formula: the SRK/T-Li formula
Authors: Li Shaowei , Li Xinxin , Liang Weiyan , Wu Zheming , Jia Yanhong , Ma Yanran , Chu Ling , Jin Tianru , Li Li , Li Qiumei , Qin Ming 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose To explore the accuracy of the improved SRK/T-Li formula in eyes following implantation of intraocular lens (IOL) of less than 10 D as calculated by using the SRK/T formula in Chinese.Methods A total of 489 eyes from 489 patients with cataracts were included in this study. These patients were divided into a training set (271 patients) and a testing set (218 patients). The IOL power calculated by using SRK/T was less than 10 D. We evaluated the accuracy of the modified SRK/T-Li formula (P = PSRK/T × 0.8 + 2 (P = implanted IOL power; PSRK/T = IOL power calculated by SRK/T)). We evaluated the mean absolute error (MAE), percentage of prediction error (PE) within ± 0.25, ± 0.50, and ± 1.00 D, and the percentage of postoperative hyperopia.Results The MAE values in order of lowest to highest were as follows: 0.412 D (SRK/T-Li), 0.414 D (Barrett Universal II, (BUII)), 0.814 D (SRK/T), and 1.039 D (Holladay 1). The percentage of PE within ± 0.25 D, ± 0.50 D, and ± 1.00 D was 38.99%, 69.27% and 92.66% (BUII), 40.83%, 69.27% and 94.04% (SRK/T-Li), 20.64%, 41.28% and 71.56% (SRK/T), and 7.34%, 16.51% and 53.21% (Holladay 1), respectively. SRK/T-Li had the smallest postoperative hyperopic shift.Conclusions For Chinese patients with an IOL power of less than 10 D as calculated by using the SRK/T, the SRK/T-Li has good accuracy and is the best choice to reduce postoperative hyperopic shift.
Biosorption of pollutants from chemically derived wastewater using Microcoleus sp.
Authors: Kabir Md. Imran , Chowdhury Samin Azhan , Banik Bijit Kumar , Hoque Muhammad Azizul , Marzan Abdullah Al 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Microcoleus sp. is a versatile microorganism widely available in the environment and easily culturable. Hence, there is a progressing demand for wastewater treatment using this novel biosorption medium. The design of such a treatment method may be defined as an optimisation problem of algal dose and hydraulic retention time for attaining an adequate removal efficiency of heavy metals (Cr6+, Ni2+, and Zn2+) and nutrients (PO43- and NO3-). Batch experiments on synthetic wastewater were conducted for algal doses varying from 0.5 to 25 g/L and hydraulic retention times from 1 to 7 days. Significant removal efficiencies of greater than 90% were observed for the heavy metals, 75% of PO43- removal, and no removal of NO3- was found under continuous daylight. The single-factor ANOVA test confirms the statistical significance of the varying parameters on the pollutant removal efficiency. Langmuir and Freundlich's adsorption isotherms indicate satisfactory adsorption of the contaminants about the separation factor and the adsorption intensity constant. The R2 &gt; 0.67 and RMSE &lt; 0.21 suggest a good fit of the modelled data. Following this, the study suggests that the use of Microcoleus sp. is a prospective bioremediation technique for industrial and municipal wastewater.
CRISPR/Cas9’s Major Role in Revolutionizing the Field of Cancer
Authors: Singh Agrata , Sharma Khushi , Abdulbaseer Uzma , Limon  Lopez Estevan , Sharma Ankit 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) technology is
currently one of the most promising gene editing techniques. Gene-editing techniques allow various
alterations to the DNA sequence by either addition, deletion, or inversion. The two primary components
of this technique are the Cas9 endonuclease, which cuts the DNA strands at the specific target position
of the genome, and the guide RNA molecule (gRNA), which guides the Cas9 endonuclease to that target
portion. This technology is based on the adaptive immune system in prokaryotes, which prevents
the entry of viruses by integrating short virus sequences in the cell’s CRISPR locus and allowing it to
remember, recognize, and clear infections. The use of CRISPR technology in cancer biology is evolving
quickly and holds great promise for the development of cancer models, blocking drug resistance,
screening functional genes, gene editing, and CAR T cell therapy.