bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PTK2B regulates immune responses of neutrophils and protects mucosal inflammation in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Zhou Guangxi , Zhu Fengqin , Zhang Hairong , Wang Yan , Yang Yonghong , Jin Guiyuan , Wang Yibo , Dong Guanjun , Xiong Huabao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNeutrophils participate in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) through regulating the intestinal homeostasis. Several inflammatory diseases are reported to be regulated by proline‐rich tyrosine kinase 2B (PTK2B). However, the role of PTK2B in regulating the function of neutrophils and the pathogenesis of UC remains unknown. In this study, the mRNA and protein levels of PTK2B in the colonic tissues from UC patients were measured by using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. TAE226, a PTK2B inhibitor, was used to inhibit the activity of PTK2B in neutrophils, and then, the pro‐inflammatory factors were analyzed by using qRT‐PCR and ELISA. To determine the role of PTK2B in intestinal inflammation, a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis model was established in PTK2B gene knockout (PTK2B KO) and wild‐type (WT) mice. We found that compared with healthy donor controls, the expression level of PTK2B was significantly elevated in inflamed mucosa from UC patients. In addition, expression of PTK2B was positively correlated with the severity of disease. Pharmacological inhibition of PTK2B could markedly reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and antimicrobial peptides (S100a8 and S100a9) in neutrophils. The vitro study showed that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α is involved in promoting the expression of PTK2B in neutrophils. As expected, UC patients treated with infliximab, an anti‐TNF‐α agent, showed significantly reduced level of PTK2B in neutrophils, as well as in the intestinal mucosa. Of note, compared with DSS‐treated WT mice, DSS‐treated PTK2B KO mice showed more severe colitis symptoms. Mechanistically, PTK2B could enhance neutrophil migration by regulating CXCR2 and GRK2 expression via the p38 MAPK pathway. Additionally, mice treated with TAE226 exhibited the same effects. In conclusion, PTK2B is involved in the pathogenesis of UC by promoting the migration of neutrophils and inhibiting mucosal inflammation, highlighting PTK2B as a new potential therapeutic target to treat UC.
Current State of Perioperative Buprenorphine Management—A National Provider Survey
Authors: Quaye Aurora , Mardmomen Niayesh , Mogren Grace , Ibrahim Yussr , Richard Janelle , Zhang Yi 
Published: June 2023

Objectives
Buprenorphine maintenance for opioid use disorder (OUD) can present potential challenges for acute postoperative pain management. Provider practice and consistency of buprenorphine management strategies within institutions are unknown. This study aims to identify how providers nationwide manage patients on buprenorphine when they present for elective surgery.

Methods
A prospective survey of anesthesiologists was performed nationwide between November 2021 and March 2022. Survey respondents were selected from academic institutions identified using public databases and were also distributed to online social media platforms where members are required to verify medical licensure and hospital affiliation. Survey results were calculated and interpreted as the percentage rate of response.

Results
Survey invitations were sent to 190 institutions and returned 54 responses (28% response rate). An additional 12 completed surveys were obtained from online social media distribution resulting in 66 responses. Only 36% of respondents reported an established protocol for perioperative management of buprenorphine at their institution. Regarding consistency of buprenorphine management within institutions, the majority of respondents endorsed buprenorphine continuation without dose reduction in procedures where minimal pain was anticipated. However, there was a large discrepancy in buprenorphine management for surgeries with moderate-severe pain. Perioperative dosing frequency of buprenorphine was also inconsistent.

Conclusions
The majority of institutions surveyed do not have an established protocol for perioperative buprenorphine management. In addition, there is provider variability in buprenorphine dosing for procedures with moderate-severe pain. This study highlights the need for dissemination of consensus guidelines for buprenorphine management.
Economic Analysis of Renal Replacement Therapy Modality in Acute Kidney Injury Patients With Fluid Overload
Authors: Ethgen Olivier , Murugan Raghavan , Echeverri Jorge , Blackowicz Michael , Harenski Kai , Ostermann Marlies 
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and fluid overload (FO) are among the top reasons to initiate intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) or continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Prior research suggests CRRT provides more precise volume control, but whether CRRT is cost-effective remains unclear. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of CRRT for volume control compared with IHD from a U.S. healthcare payer perspective.

DESIGN:
Decision analytical model comparing health outcomes and healthcare costs of CRRT versus IHD initiation for AKI patients with FO. The model had an inpatient phase (over 90-d) followed by post-discharge phase (over lifetime). The 90-day phase had three health states: FO, fluid control, and death. After 90 days, surviving patients entered the lifetime phase with four health states: dialysis independent (DI), dialysis dependent (DD), renal transplantation, and death. Model parameters were informed by current literature. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate results robustness to parametric uncertainty.

SETTING:
ICU.

PATIENTS OR SUBJECTS:
AKI patients with FO.

INTERVENTIONS:
IHD or CRRT.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The 90-day horizon revealed better outcomes for patients initiated on CRRT (survival: CRRT 59.2% vs IHD 57.5% and DD rate among survivors: CRRT 5.5% vs IHD 6.9%). Healthcare cost was 2.7% (+$2,836) higher for CRRT. Over lifetime, initial CRRT was associated with +0.313 life years (LYs) and +0.187 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) compared with initial IHD. Even though important savings were observed for initial CRRT with a lower rate of DD among survivors (–$13,437), it did not fully offset the incremental cost of CRRT (+$1,956) and DI survival (+$12,830). The incremental cost-per-QALY gained with CRRT over IRRT was +$10,429/QALY. Results were robust to sensitivity analyses.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our analysis provides an economic rationale for CRRT as the initial modality of choice in AKI patients with FO who require renal replacement therapy. Our finding needs to be confirmed in future research.
The Relationship Between Maternal and Infant Sleep Duration Across the First Two Years
Authors: Cai Tianying , Sutter Carolyn , Donovan Sharon M. , Fiese Barbara H. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT:

Objectives:
The first objective of this study was to determine how mother-infant sleep duration is related across the first 2 years of life. The second objective was to determine whether these relationships change across the first 2 years of life. The third objective was to understand demographic and health predictors of the relationship between maternal and child sleep.

Methods:
Parents of 464 infants from the STRONG Kids 2 study reported their own and infants' nocturnal sleep duration and other health information (i.e., breastfeeding) at 3, 12, 18, and 24 months postpartum.

Results:
Latent transition models revealed 2 mother-infant sleep profiles exist at 3 to 24 months. The low maternal sleep (LMS) pattern was characterized by lower maternal sleep duration than the recommended amount and lower infant sleep duration. The average maternal sleep (AMS) pattern was characterized by average maternal sleep duration meeting the recommended standard and average infant sleep duration. Approximately half of the mothers who started in the LMS profile transitioned to the AMS profile after 12 months postpartum. The sleep profiles stabilized after 12 months postpartum with limited transitions across 12 to 24 months. More infant signaled nighttime wakings, later bedtimes, more infant sleep problems, and more exclusive breastfeeding were predictors of being in the LMS profile.

Conclusion:
Mother-infant sleep profiles stabilized after age 12 months, and mother-infant sleep profiles are driven by infant sleep quality during the night. The findings suggest the need to establish a healthy sleep routine for mothers and infants in the first year of life to promote longer-term sleep hygiene.
Lens thickness in atopic cataract: case–control study
Authors: Iida Masanobu , Masuda Yoichiro , Sano Kei , Ichihara Kosuke , Komatsu Koji , Shiba Takuya , Iwaki Hisaharu , Oki Kotaro , Tatemichi Masayuki , Nakano Tadashi 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
To examine whether atopic cataracts are associated with thinner lenses.

Setting:
Department of Ophthalmology, Jikei University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Design:
Retrospective matched case–control study.

Methods:
31 eyes with atopic cataracts, 62 with nonatopic cataracts, and 31 without cataracts were analyzed. Each group was matched for age (±4 years) and sex.

Results:
The mean lens thickness (LT) was 3.76 ± 0.40 mm, 3.94 ± 0.49 mm, and 4.11 ± 0.40 mm in eyes with atopic cataracts, nonatopic cataracts, and normal lenses, respectively. Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that the LT in the atopic cataract group was significantly thinner than that in the nonatopic cataract (P = .036) and normal lens (P < .001) groups. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, a thinner LT was negatively correlated with age (odds ratio [OR], 0.91; 95% CI, 0.86-0.96) and positively correlated with anterior subcapsular cataract (ASC) (OR, 5.61; 95% CI, 1.97-15.99). Atopy was not a significant factor. 24 (38.7%) of the 62 eyes with nonatopic cataracts and 24 (77.4%) of the 31 eyes with atopic cataracts had ASC.

Conclusions:
The lenses of eyes with atopic cataracts were thinner than those of controls. Atopic cataracts frequently present with anterior subcapsular opacity, which is associated with lens thinning.
An Assessment of HIV Risk, Perceptions of Risk, and Potential Adherence to Preexposure Prophylaxis Among HIV-Negative People With Injection Drug Use Who Access Mobile Outreach Services
Authors: Champion Jane Dimmitt , Recto Pam 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to assess HIV risk, perceptions of risk, and potential adherence to preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for the prevention of HIV infection among people who inject drugs (PWID), who self-report HIV negative status and access mobile outreach intravenous drug use (IVDU) services.

Methods/Sample
Participants (N = 93) were non-Hispanic White (59.1%) and Hispanic (36.6%), between the ages of 18 and 63 years, primarily male (58.1%), who reported a length of IVDU between 1 and >20 years and accessed mobile outreach IVDU services in a metropolitan area of the Southwestern United States; all self-reported HIV-negative status. Self-report questionnaires completed via iPad included HIV risk behavior, perceived risk of HIV, and beliefs about medicines.

Results
PWID perceived themselves at a low risk for HIV with minimal concerns about contracting HIV. High levels of comorbidities (schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, hepatitis, diabetes, and hypertension), substance use, and limited HIV protective behavior and social support existed; women reported significantly more risk behaviors and comorbidities. Positive attitudes toward and interest in use of medication for HIV prevention were present, however, with concurrent concerns regarding long-term medication use and the potential to forget medications.

Conclusions
PrEP adherence for PWID presents challenges for clinicians. Addressing perceptions of PrEP, perceived and actual risk for contracting HIV, potential barriers to PrEP adherence, social support, and treatment of comorbidities in primary care and IVDU outreach services potentially enhances PrEP maintenance among PWID, notably women.
Nurses' Perception of Caring for Patients With Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Antill Keener Tina , Tallerico Jennifer , Harvath Ruth , Cartwright-Stroupe Lya , Shafique Saima , Piamjariyakul Ubolrat 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The objective of this research was to explore the perceptions of nurses regarding patients with substance use disorder (SUD), healthcare provided, and desired resources to care for this population properly. This study used a cross-sectional, descriptive design. Data were collected via an anonymous 12-item survey and three open-ended questions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and conventional content analysis. Nurses with less than 1 year of experience reported more significant challenges when caring for patients with SUD. These challenges included difficulties in managing pain, implementing alternative pain management techniques, and knowing who to contact when problems occur. The study revealed many needs of nurses to provide compassionate care for patients with SUD. Findings indicate a need for education for nurses, especially novice nurses, who care for patients with SUD.
Meta-Analysis of Medication Administration Errors in African Hospitals
Authors: Alemu Wudma , Cimiotti Jeannie P. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
The incidence of medication administration errors (MAEs) and associated patient harm continue to plague hospitals worldwide. Moreover, there is a lack of evidence to address this problem, especially in Africa. This research synthesis was intended to provide current evidence to decrease the incidence of MAEs in Africa. Standardized search criteria were used to identify primary studies that reported the incidence and/or predictors of MAEs in Africa. Included studies met specifications and were validated with a quality-appraisal tool. The pooled incidence of MAEs in African hospitals was estimated to be 0.56 (CI: 0.4324–0.6770) with a 0.13–0.93 prediction interval. The primary estimates were highly heterogeneous. Most MAEs are explained by system failure and patient factors. The contribution of system factors can be minimized through adequate and ongoing training of nurses on the aspects of safe medication administration. In addition, ensuring the availability of drug use guidelines in hospitals, and minimizing disruptions during the medication process can decrease the incidence of MAEs in Africa.
Denoising Tc-99m DMSA images using Denoising Convolutional Neural Network with comparison to a Block Matching Filter
Authors: Chaudhary Jagrati , Phulia Ankita , Pandey Anil Kumar , Sharma Param D. , Patel Chetan 
Published: June 2023

Introduction
A DnCNN for image denoising trained with natural images is available in MATLAB. For Tc-99m DMSA images, any loss of clinical details during the denoising process will have serious consequences since denoised image is to be used for diagnosis. The objective of the study was to find whether this pre-trained DnCNN can be used for denoising Tc-99m DMSA images and compare its performance with block matching 3D (BM3D) filter.

Materials and methods
Two hundred forty-two Tc-99m DMSA images were denoised using BM3D filter (at sigma = 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25) and DnCNN. The original and denoised images were reviewed by two nuclear medicine physicians and also assessed objectively using the image quality metrics: SSIM, FSIM, MultiSSIM, PIQE, Blur, GCF, and Brightness. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to find the statistically significant difference between the value of image quality metrics of the denoised images and the corresponding original images.

Results
Nuclear medicine physicians observed no loss of clinical information in DnCNN denoised image and superior image quality compared to its original and BM3D denoised images. Edges/boundaries of the scar were found to be well preserved, and doubtful scar became obvious in the denoised image. Objective assessment also showed that the quality of DnCNN denoised images was significantly better than that of original images at P-value <0.0001.

Conclusion
The pre-trained DnCNN available with MATLAB Deep Learning Toolbox can be used for denoising Tc-99m DMSA images, and the performance of DnCNN was found to be superior in comparison with BM3D filter.
Evaluation of myocardial viability by a secondary delayed 99mTc-MIBI nuclear scanning in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients with delay in referral and nonviable myocardium in the first scintigraphy: a preliminary cohort study
Authors: Farsavian Ali Asghar , Ghadirzadeh Erfan , Yazdani Charati Jamshid , Rahmanzade Hadi , Khalilizad Majid , Abedi Seyed Mohammad 
Published: June 2023

Objective
In the management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), if the treatment has not been initiated within the first 24 h and the patient no longer exhibits any symptoms, the decision to begin revascularization therapy is based on myocardial viability. If the tissue is nonviable, current guidelines advise against further revascularization therapy; however, collateral vessels represent an alternative source of blood supply and may help the damaged tissue to resume function; though at first, this tissue may not be considered viable. Thus, in patients whose first myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) revealed nonviable myocardium, a secondary MPS to assess viability may be beneficial and alter the course of treatment strategies.

Methods
This prospective cohort study was conducted on 30 STEMI patients referred to Mazandaran Heart Center. If no myocardial viability was found using 99mTc-MIBI MPS, the patient was referred for a secondary MPS after 3 months.

Results
In total, out of 30 patients, 3 became viable. There was no significant relationship between the viability of different Rentrop classes. Comparison of viability between patients with different numbers of occluded vessels showed no significant relationship. Three patients (17%) among 17 patients with Rentrop class nonzero became viable in the second MPS. Also, among four patients (13.3%) with Rentrop class three, one patient (25%) became viable and among seven patients (23.3%) with Rentrop class one, two patients (28.6%) became viable.

Conclusion
Considering the results of this study, although nonsignificant, this subject requires further investigation to reach a definite conclusion.
Comparison of shear wave elastography and dimercaptosuccinic acid renal cortical scintigraphy in pediatric patients
Authors: Salan Ahmet , Menzilcioglu Mehmet Sait , Guler Ahmet Gokhan , Dogan Kamil 
Published: June 2023

Background
Although it causes low-dose radiation exposure, dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal cortical scintigraphy is the gold standard examination method in the noninvasive diagnosis of renal scar tissue (RST). Shear wave elastography (SWE) has recently come to the fore as a technique for measuring kidney stiffness in the examination of RST. The present study aims to compare DMSA and SWE tests to evaluate whether SWE can be used instead of DMSA as a test that does not cause radiation exposure in pediatric patients.

Methods
In this prospective study, sonographic elastography was performed on pediatric patients with DMSA images. In the SWE examination, measurements were made from each kidney’s upper, middle and lower parts. DMSA and elastography data were compared for the diagnosis of RST.

Results
A total of 64 patients were included in the present study. There were 68.8% female (n = 44) and 31.2% (n = 20) male patients. There were 45 pediatric patients [Female 30 (66.7%), male 15 (33.3%)] in group 1 (pathological group) and 19 pediatric patients [Female 14 (73.7%), male 5 (26.3%)] in the control group. When DMSA data and SWE values were compared, it was found that elastography did not show a statistically significant performance in predicting renal scarring

Conclusion
In the existing literature, various studies reported different values for the diagnosis of renal stiffness using SWE. Similar to some previous studies, the present study observed no significant correlations between DMSA and SWE. Thus, DMSA preserves its major role and effectiveness as an important predictor of RST in pediatric patients.
Incidentally detected 18F-FDG PET-CT-avid thyroid nodules in patients with advanced malignancy: long-term oncological outcomes from a single-centre retrospective cohort
Authors: Owens Cara , Fitzhugh Alex , Harrington Kevin , Paleri Vinidh , Sharma Bhupinder , Shur Joshua , ap Dafydd Derfel 
Published: June 2023

Objectives
In this retrospective study, we assessed the clinical outcomes of patients with a primary malignancy who had incidentally detected thyroid avidity on their staging 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-computed tomography (18F-FDG PET-CT) examinations.

Methods
A focused retrospective search was made using a Radiology Information System to identify only patients with positive thyroid nodules on their 18F-FDG PET-CT imaging between January 2012 and December 2017. Patient demographics, principal oncological diagnosis, and stage were recorded. The sonographic appearances of thyroid nodules, number of fine needle aspiration (FNA) attempts, final cytology, management plan, and clinical outcome were recorded. Follow-up records were available for between 2 and 7 years.

Results
Following exclusions, 136 patients were found to have incidental thyroid avidity on their 18F-FDG PET-CT. A total of 50 of these patients proceeded to thyroid ultrasound assessment. Of these, 37 patients underwent FNA (average 1.3 FNA attempts) with 17 having atypical cytology and 6 diagnosed with an incidental thyroid cancer either by FNA or thyroidectomy. Four patients who underwent surgery had benign pathology. All thyroid cancers identified were indolent papillary cancers without any impact on the treatment plan or survival.

Conclusion
The clinical outcomes of patients with an established primary malignancy are determined by their primary cancer and not by incidentally detected thyroid cancer. It may therefore be reasonable not to formally investigate a proportion of incidental 18F-FDG PET-CT positive thyroid nodules where added benefit is unlikely. In such cases, a ‘watch-and-wait’ approach to the thyroid might be considered more appropriate.
A Randomized Trial Comparing Standard Treatment and Stress-Relieving Therapies to Improve Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms
Authors: Lancsek Lori , Faber Steven , Rutledge Carolyn , Maduro Ralitsa S. , Morgan Merri K. , Zimbro Kathie S. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Abdominal pain is stressful, accounting for a large proportion of emergency and primary care visits. Clinical workups for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are often without abnormal findings and symptoms can be severe, diminishing patients' IBS-related quality of life (IBS-QOL).

Purpose:
The efficacy of stress-relieving therapies to manage IBS symptoms was explored.

Methods:
Participants were randomly assigned to standard care or an intervention group (ie, walking, music, and essential oils). The IBS-QOL, gastrointestinal (GI) distress, and general health questionnaires were completed at baseline and 6-week visits.

Results:
The intervention explained 20% of the variance for IBS-QOL, 19% for GI distress, and 27% for general health, after controlling for baseline scores. IBS-QOL and general health were improved, with GI distress minimized for the walking and essential oils groups.

Conclusions:
Adding walking and essential oils to an established IBS treatment regimen can positively impact health and well-being.