bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phone-Delivered Intervention to Improve HIV Care for Young People Living With HIV: Trial to Inform Implementation and Utility
Authors: Kalichman Seth C. , Kalichman Moira O. , Eaton Lisa A. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Phone-delivered counseling has demonstrated improved health outcomes for people living with HIV. However, counseling is hampered by a lack of guidance on the frequency and duration of intervention in relation to clinical benefits. The added benefits of bidirectional (ie, interactive) vs. unidirectional (ie, passive) text messages to augment counseling are also unknown. We conducted a clinical trial of adaptive phone counseling along with either bidirectional or unidirectional text messaging for people living with HIV.

Methods:
A community sample of 425 young people (aged 16–36 years) living with HIV in Georgia, USA, received weekly phone counseling sessions with the number of sessions determined by the participant and their counselor. Participants were subsequently randomized to either (1) weekly bidirectional text messages with their counselor or (2) weekly automated unidirectional text message reminders. Participants were followed for 16 months to assess 3 primary outcomes: antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, HIV care engagement, and HIV suppression.

Results:
Participants demonstrated improved clinical outcomes over the follow-up period, with 74% of those who were not taking ART initiating treatment, 65% of those on ART improving adherence, and 47% who had detectable viral loads at baseline attaining viral suppression. The number of sessions completed predicted improved ART adherence, greater care engagement, and HIV suppression over follow-ups. Bidirectional text messages impacted care engagement by moderating the effects of counseling sessions on HIV suppression.

Conclusions:
Phone counseling augmented by bidirectional text messages has the potential to improve HIV care for young adults living with HIV.
Population-Based Estimates and Predictors of Child and Adolescent Linkage to HIV Care or Death in Western Kenya
Authors: DeLong Stephanie M. , Xu Yizhen , Genberg Becky L. , Nyambura Monicah , Goodrich Suzanne , Tarus Carren , Ndege Samson , Hogan Joseph W. , Braitstein Paula 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Population-level estimates of linkage to HIV care among children and adolescents (CAs) can facilitate progress toward 95-95-95 goals.

Setting:
This study was conducted in Bunyala, Chulaimbo, and Teso North subcounties, Western Kenya.

Methods:
Linkage to care was defined among CAs diagnosed with HIV through Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH)'s home-based counseling and testing initiative (HBCT) by merging HBCT and AMPATH Medical Record System data. Using follow-up data from Bunyala, we examined factors associated with linkage or death, using weighted multinomial logistic regression to account for selection bias from double-sampled visits. Based on the estimated model, we imputed the trajectory for each person in 3 subcounties until a simulated linkage or death occurred or until the end of 8 years when an individual was simulated to be censored.

Results:
Of 720 CAs in the analytic sample, 68% were between 0 and 9 years and 59% were female. Probability of linkage among CAs in the combined 3 subcounties was 48%–49% at 2 years and 64%–78% at 8 years while probability of death was 13% at 2 years and 19% at 8 years. Single or double orphanhood predicted linkage (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33 to 5.32) and death (aOR: 9.85 [95% CI: 2.21 to 44.01]). Having a mother known to be HIV-positive also predicted linkage (aOR = 1.94, 95% CI: 0.97 to 3.86) and death (aOR: 14.49, 95% CI: 3.32 to 63.19).

Conclusion:
HIV testers/counselors should continue to ensure linkage among orphans and CAs with mothers known to be HIV-positive and also to support other CAs to link to HIV care.
Mechanisms of Successful Implementation of Tailored Motivational Interviewing in a Multisite Study of Youth HIV Clinics in the United States
Authors: Naar Sylvie , Kimball Devon , Cain Demetria , Pooler Meardith , Rambo Shane , Chapman Jason , MacDonell Karen , Miller Robin Lin 
Published: August 2023

Background:
A recent implementation science stepped-wedge trial of motivational interviewing (MI) in adolescent HIV clinics indicated variable degrees of implementation success. The present mixed-methods study analyzed trajectories of postimplementation MI competence scores and compared postimplementation qualitative interviews among the clinics with the highest levels of provider competency and the lowest levels of competency to further understand mechanisms of successful implementation.

Setting:
Ten HIV clinics in the Adolescent Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions.

Methods:
This study used a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design. Continuous MI competency data from the parent study were structured with repeated measurements nested within providers nested within 10 sites. A mixed-effects regression model rank ordered the clinics by competence scores. Key stakeholders (N = 77) at the 10 randomized clinics completed a 1-hour qualitative interview at 12-month follow-up (immediately postimplementation). Using the phases of reflexive thematic analysis, interviews from the 3 highest competence clinics and the 3 lowest competence clinics were pragmatically analyzed.

Results:
Thematic analysis suggested 3 central themes that influenced successful evidence-based practice (EBP) implementation. Organizational culture included the leadership, collective effort, and resources that influenced how the organization at large responded to the implementation intervention. Staff attitudes encapsulated individual providers' mindsets and attitudes about MI and the implementation intervention. EBP integration reflected the perception and use of MI by individuals and the organization as a whole. These themes and their subthemes are interconnected and exerted an influence on each other through the implementation process.

Conclusions:
Findings suggest additional implementation strategies to improve implementation of EBPs. Such mixed-methods research is critical to understanding the mechanisms of successful implementation of EBP and improving future implementation strategies.
Pathogenic Genes for Congenital Microtia: A Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Sun Pengfei , Gu Luosha , Yu Qian , Luan Fang 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to accurately find the pathogenic genes of congenital microtia, so as to lay a theoretical foundation for genetic screening, diagnosis, and gene therapy of congenital microtia in the further stage.

Methods:
In this study, the authors used public data from the Mouse Genome Informatics database. The authors used the String database (https://string-db.org/) to construct the Protein-Protein Interaction network. Then Gene Ontology classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were performed for the pathogenic genes.

Results:
The authors searched the Mouse Genome Informatics database and found 84 pathogenic genes of congenital microtia. The Protein-Protein Interaction network for pathogenic genes was constructed, which contained 81 nodes and 148 lines with MCM5, CDT1, POLA1, CDC45, CDC6, EFTUD2, ORC1, ORC4, ORC6, and TCOF1. The authors conducted a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis on pathogenic genes, and the results showed that pathogenic genes were involved in O-mannan biosynthesis, cell cycle, RNA polymerase, and other signaling pathways.

Conclusions:
The authors’ results indicated that the occurrence of congenital microtia is attributed to a variety of genes. Furthermore, the interactions of pathogenic genes were further elucidated by using a bioinformatics approach. This study will help to reveal the pathogenesis of congenital microtia and lay the foundation for accurate diagnosis and treatment of congenital microtia in the future.
Impact of Mandibular Symphyseal Distraction Osteogenesis (MSDO) on the Sagittal Dimension and Long-Term Skeletal stability
Authors: Sentucq Camille , Crétal Joël , Ferri Joël 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
To evaluate the long-term effects of mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis (MSDO) on the correction of class II malocclusion correction and dental crowding.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-two patients received MSDO and presented class II malocclusion with transverse mandibular discrepancy. The authors collected data on 2 different cephalometric analyses. On Tweed analysis, The authors recorded ANB, SNA, SNB, and FMA angles. On Delaire analysis, we recorded the distance from Pti (pterygoid inferior) to ENAt (anterior nasal spine) and the distance from Cos (superior condyle) to Pog (pogonion). Superimpositions studies were performed at pre-treatment phase (T1) and post-treatment phase (T2) to evaluate the new position and changes in the dimensions of the mandible and maxilla.

Results:
On superimposition of Tweed analysis of T1 and T2, reduction of ANB was seen in 18 patients, no change in ANB in 2 patients, and increase in ANB (by 1 deg) in 2 patients. Superimposition of Delaire analysis showed a mean difference of 0.3 mm (SD, 3.6 mm) between T1 and T2 for the maxilla and a mean difference of 6.0 mm (SD, 7.3 mm) for the mandible.

Conclusions:
Mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis performed after the pubertal growth peak can effectively correct class II malocclusion and dental crowding with a single light surgical procedure.
Safety, Efficacy, and Cost-effectiveness of Outpatient Surgery for Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis. The PENDI-CSI Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Durán Muñoz-Cruzado Virgina , Navarro Morales Laura , Pareja Ciuró Felipe , Aparicio Sánchez Daniel , Tallón Aguilar Luis , Padillo-Ruiz Javier 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of outpatient appendectomy in patients with uncomplicated acute appendicitis.

Summary Background Data:
Given that acute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdomen, the introduction of outpatient appendectomy protocols could significantly improve the effectiveness and sustainability of healthcare systems.

Methods:
A total of 300 patients were enrolled from October 2018 to June 2021 in the PENDI-CSI randomized clinical trial:149 were assigned to the outpatient surgery group (OPS) and 151 to the inpatient surgery group (IPS), followed by one month postoperatively. All patients were aged > 14 years and had uncomplicated acute appendicitis. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, neoplasms, inflammatory bowel disease, and high anesthetic risk (ASA IV). The OPS group was discharged from the post-anesthesia care unit while the IPS group was admitted.

Results:
In total, 128 patients in the OPS group (85.9%) were discharged without admission. Predictors whether patients in the OPS group had to be admitted were aged over 31 years [RR 2.42(1.04-5.65)], hypertension [RR 6.21(3.22-11.97)], anesthetic risk II-III [RR 2.63(1.17-5.94)], previous abdominal surgery [RR 3.34(1.55-7.20)], postoperative pain with VAS>6 [RR 4.28(2.67-6.86)], and postoperative fear [RR 2.2(1.04-4.67)]. There were no differences in terms of complications, readmissions, and reinterventions, and the perceived quality was similar in both groups. The outpatient modality produced savings of €1 034.97 per patient (P-value < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Outpatient appendectomy is safe and effective for uncomplicated acute appendicitis. Patient-perceived quality is similar to that of inpatient surgery, although it successfully reduces hospital costs compared to inpatient appendectomy.
A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study on Management Protocols and Clinical Outcomes After ABO-incompatible Kidney Transplantation in India
Authors: Kute Vivek B. , Pathak Vivek , Ray Deepak S. , Bhalla Anil K. , Godara Suraj M. , Narayanan Sajith , Hegde Umapati , Das Pratik , Jha Pranaw Kumar , Kher Vijay , Dalal Sonal , Bahadur Madan M. , Gang Sishir , Sinha Vijay Kumar , Patel Himanshu V. , Deshpande Rushi , Mali Manish , Sharma Ashish , Das Sushree Sashmita , Thukral Sharmila , Shingare Ashay , BT Anil Kumar , Hafeeq Benil , Aziz Feroz , Aboobacker Ismail N. , Gopinathan Jyotish Chalil , Dave Rutul M. , Bansal Dinesh , Anandh Urmila , Singh Sarbpreet , Kriplani Jai , Bavikar Suhas , Siddini Vishwanath , Balan Satish , Singla Manish , Chauhan Munish , Tripathi Vidyanand , Patwari Devang , Abraham Abi M. , Chauhan Sanshriti , Meshram Hari Shankar 
Published: August 2023

Background.
There is no robust evidence–based data for ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation (ABOiKT) from emerging countries.

Methods.
Data from 1759 living donor ABOiKT and 33 157 ABO-compatible kidney transplantations (ABOcKT) performed in India between March 5, 2011, and July 2, 2022, were included in this retrospective, multicenter (n = 25) study. The primary outcomes included management protocols, mortality, graft loss, and biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR).

Results.
Protocol included rituximab 100 (232 [13.18%]), 200 (877 [49.85%]), and 500 mg (569 [32.34%]); immunoadsorption (IA) (145 [8.24%]), IVIG (663 [37.69%]), and no induction 200 (11.37%). Mortality, graft loss, and BPAR were reported in 167 (9.49%), 136 (7.73%), and 228 (12.96%) patients, respectively, over a median follow-up of 36.3 mo. In cox proportional hazard model, mortality was higher with IA (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.53 [1.62–3.97]; P < 0.001), BPAR (HR: 1.83 [1.25–2.69]; P = 0.0020), and graft loss (HR: 1.66 [1.05–2.64]; P = 0.0310); improved graft survival was associated with IVIG (HR: 0.44 [0.26–0.72]; P = 0.0010); higher BPAR was reported with conventional tube method (HR: 3.22 [1.9–5.46]; P < 0.0001) and IA use (HR: 2 [1.37–2.92]; P < 0.0001), whereas lower BPAR was reported in the prepandemic era (HR: 0.61 [0.43–0.88]; P = 0.008). Primary outcomes were not associated with rituximab dosing or high preconditioning/presurgery anti-A/anti-B titers. Incidence of overall infection 306 (17.39%), cytomegalovirus 66 (3.75%), and BK virus polyoma virus 20 (1.13%) was low. In unmatched univariate analysis, the outcomes between ABOiKT and ABOcKT were comparable.

Conclusions.
Our largest multicenter study on ABOiKT provides insights into various protocols and management strategies with results comparable to those of ABOcKT.
Orbital Vasculopathy With Unexpected Finding of Calcium Oxalosis in the Context of a Clinical Diagnosis of Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Rizzo Joseph F. , Sanders Delia T. , Castelbuono Anthony C. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
There are few reports of histopathology of any form of optic neuropathy. This article provides histopathologic findings of an adult-onset, nonprogressive optic neuropathy that was diagnosed clinically as nonacute, nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) but which was found by a pathological study to be associated with diffuse calcium oxalosis that was confined in the involved orbit.

Methods:
This is a case report that includes results of a neuro-ophthalmologic examination and histopathology of a complete autopsy, including en bloc removal of both orbits and the brain. The unaffected orbit/optic nerve served as a control. The affected orbit was serially sectioned into 2,550 increments each separated by 10 μm; the uninvolved orbit was sectioned into 150 equally spaced sections. The main outcome measures were derived from the autopsy, especially from the thin-section histopathologic study of both orbits that focused on blood vessels and the site of neural damage within the optic nerve.

Results:
The neuro-ophthalmologic examination revealed a unilateral optic neuropathy with pallor of the left optic nerve head that had been documented just before death. The general autopsy showed acute bacterial endocarditis and a recent cerebral hematoma that caused death. Histopathology revealed sectoral loss of optic nerve axons in the left eye. Numerous arterial walls in the left orbit, including short posterior ciliary arteries and the central retinal artery, contained hundreds of crystals with anisotropic, colorful birefringence consistent with calcium oxalosis. Crystals were not found in the right, control orbit or elsewhere in the body.

Conclusions:
The patient developed an optic neuropathy late in life that was diagnosed by an experienced neuro-ophthalmologist as being most consistent with nonacute, nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. The autopsy identified sectoral loss of optic nerve fibers consistent with that diagnosis. However, the unexpected discovery of calcium oxalate crystals in blood vessels of the involved orbit, which curiously were not present elsewhere in the body, raises a question of their etiological role in this particular optic neuropathy. Whether the crystals were causal, epiphenomenal, or purely incidental to the optic neuropathy cannot be answered by our study.
In Vivo Antiviral Efficacy of LCTG-002, a Pooled, Purified Human Milk Secretory IgA product, Against SARS-CoV-2 in a Murine Model of COVID-19
Authors: Mane Viraj , Mehta Rikin , Alvarez Nadine , Sharma Vijeta , Park Steven , Fox Alisa , DeCarlo Claire , Yang Xiaoqi , Perlin David S. , Powell Rebecca L.R. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTImmunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody (Ab) in human mucosal compartments including the respiratory tract, with the secretory form of IgA (sIgA) being dominant and uniquely stable in these environments. sIgA is naturally found in human milk, which could be considered a global resource for this biologic, justifying the development of human milk sIgA as a dedicated airway therapeutic for respiratory infections such as SARS-CoV-2. In the present study, methods were therefore developed to efficiently extract human milk sIgA from donors who were either immunologically naïve to SARS-CoV-2 (pooled as a control IgA) or had recovered from a PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection that elicited high-titer anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike sIgA Abs in their milk (pooled together to make LCTG-002). Mass spectrometry determined that proteins with a relative abundance of 1.0% or greater were all associated with sIgA. None of the proteins exhibited statistically significant differences between batches. Western blot demonstrated all batches consisted predominantly of sIgA. Compared to control IgA, LCTG-002 demonstrated significantly higher binding to Spike, and was also capable of blocking the Spike - ACE2 interaction in vitro with 6.3x greater potency compared to control IgA (58% inhibition at ∼240ug/mL). LCTG-002 was then tested in vivo for its capacity to reduce viral burden in the lungs of K18+hACE2 transgenic mice inoculated with SARS-CoV-2. LCTG-002 was demonstrated to significantly reduce SARS-CoV-2 titers in the lungs compared to control IgA when administered at either 250ug/day or 1 mg/day, as measured by TCID50, plaque forming units (PFU), and qRT-PCR, with a maximum reduction of 4.9 logs. This innovative study demonstrates that LCTG-002 is highly pure, efficacious, and well tolerated in vivo, supporting further development of milk-derived, polyclonal sIgA therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 and other mucosal infections.
Brain mechanisms underlying the emotion processing bias in treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Fan Xiaoxu , Mocchi Madaline , Pascuzzi Bailey , Xiao Jiayang , Metzger Brian A. , Mathura Raissa K. , Hacker Carl , Adkinson Joshua A. , Bartoli Eleonora , Elhassa Salma , Watrous Andrew J. , Zhang Yue , Goodman Wayne , Pouratian Nader , Bijanki Kelly R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDepression is associated with a cognitive bias towards negative information and away from positive information. This biased emotion processing may underlie core depression symptoms, including persistent feelings of sadness or low mood and a reduced capacity to experience pleasure. The neural mechanisms responsible for this biased emotion processing remain unknown. Here, we had a unique opportunity to record stereotactic electroencephalography (sEEG) signals in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC) from 5 treatment-resistant depression (TRD) patients and 12 epilepsy patients (as control) while they participated in an affective bias task in which happy and sad faces were rated. First, compared with the control group, patients with TRD showed increased amygdala responses to sad faces in the early stage (around 300 ms) and decreased amygdala responses to happy faces in the late stage (around 600 ms) following the onset of faces. Further, during the late stage of happy face processing, alpha-band activity in PFC as well as alpha-phase locking between the amygdala and PFC were significantly greater in TRD patients compared to the controls. Second, after deep brain stimulation (DBS) delivered to bilateral subcallosal cingulate (SCC) and ventral capsule/ventral striatum (VC/VS), atypical amygdala and PFC processing of happy faces in TRD patients remitted toward the normative pattern. The increased amygdala activation during the early stage of sad face processing suggests an overactive bottom-up processing system in TRD. Meanwhile, the reduced amygdala response during the late stage of happy face processing could be attributed to inhibition by PFC through alpha-band oscillation, which can be released by DBS in SCC and VC/VS.
Differential seeding by exogenous R2 and R3 fibrils influences autophagic degradation of intracellular tau aggregates in Tau K18 P301S cells
Authors: Annadurai Narendran , Kubíčková Agáta , Frydrych Ivo , Hajdúch Marián , Das Viswanath 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAggregation of misfolded tau protein is a common feature of tauopathies. Cells employ diverse mechanisms to eliminate misfolded tau with different conformations, contributing to the varied clinical and pathological manifestations of tauopathies. This study focuses on the clearance of seeded tau aggregates following the induction of biosensor cells with R2 and R3 fibrils that exhibit distinct aggregation kinetics and seeding potencies. Our hypothesis is that the dissimilarity in time-dependent intracellular seeding induced by R2 and R3 fibrils underlies the variation in autophagy failure. These discrepancies may account for the heterogeneity of pathology and disease progression between 3R and 4R tauopathies, given the absence of R2 in 3R tau isoforms. In R2-induced cells, alterations in p62 and LC3II/I levels, indicative of proteotoxic stress and autophagy failure, occur sooner than in R3-induced cells. Conversely, LAMP1 levels remained unaffected, suggesting a failure in the fusion of aggregate-containing autophagosomes with lysosomes. This autophagic failure may increase seed-dependent intracellular aggregation in induced cells. Consequently, we assessed the impact of autophagy inducers on the clearance of intracellular tau aggregates in induced cells. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) demonstrated the highest efficacy in inducing autophagy and reducing p62 levels, decreasing seeding and clearing aggregates. Overall, this study elucidates the differential effects of prion-like R2 and R3 strains on autophagy and highlights how compounds like EGCG can selectively reduce tau aggregation to treat specific tauopathies. We provide insights into the distinct mechanisms of autophagy failure and autophagy clearance of intracellular aggregates in cells induced with R2 and R3 fibrils.