bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elliptic flow of identified hadrons in Au+Au collisions at $$E_{lab} = 35~\text {A}~\text {GeV}$$ using the PHSD model
Authors: Towseef B. , Farooq M. , Bairathi V. , Waseem B. , Kabana S. , Ahmad S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe present predictions of elliptic flow $$(v_2)$$

(

v
2

)

of identified hadrons at mid-rapidity $$(|y| < 1.0)$$

(
|
y
|
<
1.0
)

in Au+Au collisions at $$E_{lab} = 35~\text {A}~\text {GeV}$$

E

lab

=
35

A

GeV

using the Parton Hadron String Dynamics (PHSD) model. The transverse momentum ($$p_{\textrm{T}}$$

p
T

) dependence of identified hadron $$v_2$$

v
2

in minimum bias (0–80%) and three different centrality intervals (0–10%, 10–40%, and 40–80%) are presented. A clear centrality dependence of $$v_2(p_{\textrm{T}})$$

v
2

(

p
T

)

is observed for particles and anti-particles. We also present the $$p_{\textrm{T}}$$

p
T

dependence of $$v_2$$

v
2

difference $$({\Delta } v_2)$$

(
Δ

v
2

)

between particles and corresponding anti-particles. A significant difference in $$v_2$$

v
2

values for baryons and anti-baryons is observed. Constituent quark scaling (NCQ) of $$v_{2}$$

v
2

is investigated in Au+Au collisions. We also present a $$v_2(p_{\textrm{T}})$$

v
2

(

p
T

)

ratio between the HSD and PHSD modes to explore the effect of hadronic and partonic interactions in the medium. These predictions are useful for interpreting the data measured in the Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at RHIC. They will also be useful for the future Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) and Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD) at the Nuclotron-based Ion Collider facility (NICA).
Charlotte: Reformulating Blockchains into a Web of Composable Attested Data Structures for Cross-Domain Applications
Authors: Sheff Isaac , Wang Xinwen , Babel Kushal , Ni Haobin , van Renesse Robbert , Myers Andrew C. 
Published: July 2023

Cross-domain applications are rapidly adopting blockchain techniques for immutability, availability, integrity, and interoperability. However, for most applications, global consensus is unnecessary and may not even provide sufficient guarantees.

We propose a new distributed data structure: Attested Data Structures (ADS), which generalize not only blockchains but also many other structures used by distributed applications. As in blockchains, data in ADSs is immutable and self-authenticating. ADSs go further by supporting application-defined proofs (
attestations
). Attestations enable applications to plug in their own mechanisms to ensure availability and integrity.

We present
Charlotte
, a framework for composable ADSs. Charlotte deconstructs conventional blockchains into more primitive mechanisms. Charlotte can be used to construct blockchains but does not impose the usual global-ordering overhead. Charlotte offers a flexible foundation for interacting applications that define their own policies for availability and integrity. Unlike traditional distributed systems, Charlotte supports heterogeneous trust: different observers have their own beliefs about who might fail, and how. Nevertheless, each observer has a consistent, available view of data.

Charlotte’s data structures are interoperable and
composable
: applications and data structures can operate fully independently or can share data when desired. Charlotte defines a language-independent format for data blocks and a network API for servers.

To demonstrate Charlotte’s flexibility, we implement several integrity mechanisms, including consensus and proof of work. We explore the power of disentangling availability and integrity mechanisms in prototype applications. The results suggest that Charlotte can be used to build flexible, fast, composable applications with strong guarantees.
An Experimental Exploration of Quotidian Framing
Authors: Fischer Kerstin , Matsumoto Yoshiko 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Quotidian framing is a pragmatic strategy originally observed in studies of conversations among older women in Japan (Matsumoto, 2011). In the observed conversations, when recounting a painful event such as the death of a husband, the narrator included trivial details from the perspective of ordinary life, thereby reframing the extraordinary event into the “quotidian” with the apparent effect of lightening the atmosphere and regaining a normal life.
In the current paper, we investigate to what extent this strategy is also acceptable in other languages and in situations with other participants, and we aim to gather empirical evidence on the functions of this strategy. The languages investigated are Japanese and US English.
Our procedure was to first identify two representative examples from the original data set and to condense the original story told in conversational interaction into more coherent stories that can be told in one multi-turn unit. Then, we had native speakers of the respective target languages perform the narrations, using a technique that has been shown to produce prosodic realizations with very similar characteristics as authentic conversational speech. The audio files thus created were then combined with videos of a small, humanoid robot speaking to a female listener, who was portrayed from the back. We chose a female voice for the robot and a female listener since the original conversations were carried out among female speakers.
The videos were then played to 50 US and 50 Japanese participants in an online questionnaire. The results confirm the suspected pragmatic effects of quotidian framing for a larger age group, for different genders and across cultures. Furthermore, the study provides another example of the usefulness of human-robot interactions as testbed for cross-cultural research.
Assessing Effectiveness and Efficiency of Need for Trauma Intervention (NFTI) and Modified NFTI in Identifying Overtriage and Undertriage Rates and Associated Outcomes
Authors: Chin Brian , Alter Noah , Wright D-Dre , Arif Hassan , Haddadi Minna , OLeary Joseph , Elkbuli Adel 
Published: July 2023

Introduction Limited research has assessed the effectiveness of Need for Trauma Intervention (NFTI) and Modified NFTI (MNFTI) criteria in accurately identifying triage rates in major trauma. We aim to evaluate the predictive capability of NFTI/MNFTI in determining rates of overtriage and undertriage, as well as associated outcomes. Methods A literature search was conducted utilizing PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, ProQuest, and Cochrane from conception to April 13th, 2023. Studies assessing the utilization of NFTI/MNFTI in identifying over and undertriage rates were included. Additional outcomes including mortality, ICU LOS, and resource allocation were evaluated. Outcomes were compared between NFTI/MNFTI and other triage metrics. Results A total of 8 articles, including 175,650 trauma patients, were evaluated. NFTI utilization was associated with reduced overtriage rates compared to numerous tools including trauma triage matrix (TTM) and need for emergent intervention within 6 h (NEI-6) (NFTI 32.15%, TTM 44.5%, NEI-6 42.23%). Regarding undertriage, NFTI had lower rates than the secondary triage assessment tool (STAT) and TTM (NFTI 14.0%, STAT, 22.3%, TTM 14.3%) as well as Cribari Matrix Method (CMM) (NFTI .8%, CMM 7.6%, P < .0003). Additionally, the utilization of NFTI in combination with CMM yielded a significant reduction in undertriage rates compared to either tool alone (CMM/NFTI 2.7%, NFTI 4.6%, CMM 8.2%). Conclusion Implementation of NFTI/MNFTI resulted in more accurately capturing over and undertriage rates. Similar trends were identified when NFTI was used in combination with CMM. When compared to other triage tools, NFTI outperformed CMM, TTM, STAT, and NEI-6 in overtriage and/or undertriage rates.
Pilot rapid assessment of cultural and linguistic appropriateness of COVID-19 educational materials
Authors: Rubio Bianca , Briseño Lisa , Kukucka Claudia , Liggett Langdon , Medina Mauricio , Rodriguez Betsy , Dicent Taillepierre Julio , Rodriguez Lainz Alfonso 
Published: July 2023

Background: Health education materials translated for limited English proficiency audiences should be clear and easy to understand. They should be reviewed by fluent and culturally competent reviewers using a standardised and validated assessment tool. Design/Setting: A total of 139 US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19-translated health education materials were reviewed for cultural and linguistic appropriateness. Method: Reviewers were trained to collect data using a standardised assessment tool, and recorded issues found in translated materials by issue, material and media type. Reviewers were selected for their fluency in the language being reviewed as well as their cultural knowledge of the intended audience. Results: Reviewers identified 150 issues related to words, phrases and images that were confusing, difficult to interpret or held multiple possible interpretations. Reviewers took an average completion time of 16 minutes per material across all media types. Conclusion: This assessment demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of conducting reviews with culturally and linguistically competent in-house reviewers using a quality assessment protocol that includes a review for cultural and linguistic accuracy. Despite mainly using certified translators, critical issues with the text and images contained in the COVID-19-translated health education materials were identified. Similar forms of assessment could provide high-quality translated materials without undergoing major document revision.
Remote rehabilitation (telerehabilitation) in the sight loss sector: Reflections on challenges and opportunities from service providers in the United Kingdom
Authors: Jones Lee , Lee Matthew , Gomes Renata SM 
Published: July 2023

Background: Vision rehabilitation services are increasingly being delivered remotely (i.e., telerehabilitation); yet, limited research has explored practitioners’ attitudes towards this approach or considered the wider implications of re-designing services. This qualitative study investigates perspectives on delivering telerehabilitation among sight loss support organisations. Methods: Twelve participants from 9 sight loss charities in the United Kingdom took part in a semi-structured interview. Participants were professionals from large national rehabilitation service providers ( n = 5), regional charities ( n = 3), or local community organisations ( n = 4). Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Four themes were identified (1) Delivery of telerehabilitation; (2) Opportunities associated with telerehabilitation; (3) challenges associated with telerehabilitation; and (4) wider challenges in the vision rehabilitation sector. Greater utilisation of telerehabilitation was viewed positively; however, questions arose regarding cost-effectiveness and the appropriateness of this method of service delivery. Factors such as workforce decline, access to training, and understanding of vision rehabilitation were identified as wider problems affecting the future landscape of vision rehabilitation. Conclusion: Digital innovation has facilitated local and national organisations to provide largely successful and accessible telerehabilitation services. Wider challenges call for investment in strategies and policies to ensure people with visual impairment can continue to benefit from vision rehabilitation services.
Constrained Optimization for Decision Making in Health Care Using Python: A Tutorial
Authors: Leung K. H. Benjamin , Yousefi Nasrin , Chan Timothy C. Y. , Bayoumi Ahmed M. 
Published: July 2023

Constrained optimization can be used to make decisions aimed at maximizing some quantity in the face of fixed limits, such as resource allocation problems in health where tradeoffs between alternatives are inherent, and has been applied in a variety of health-related applications. This tutorial guides the reader through the process of mathematically formulating a constrained optimization problem, providing intuitive explanations for each component within the problem. We discuss how constrained optimization problems can be implemented using software and provide instructions on how to set up a solution environment using Python and the Gurobi solver engine. We present 2 examples from the existing literature that illustrate different constrained optimization problems in health and provide the reader with Python code used to solve these problems as well as a discussion of results and sensitivity analyses. This tutorial can be used to help readers formulate constrained optimization problems in their own application domains. Highlights This tutorial provides a user-friendly guide to mathematically formulating constrained optimization problems and implementing them using Python. Two examples are presented to illustrate how constrained optimization is used in health applications, with accompanying Python code provided.
Comparative Assessment of Reimbursement Recommendations by NICE and HAS for Oncology New Medicines Indicated for the Treatment of Solid Tumors from 2015 to 2021
Authors: Trouiller Jean-Baptiste , Laramée Philippe 
Published: July 2023

Objectives This study aimed to compare reimbursement recommendations by the British National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and the French National Authority for Health (Haute Autorité de Santé; HAS) for oncology new medicines indicated for the treatment of solid tumors. Methods Public assessment reports published on NICE and HAS Web sites between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2021, describing appraisals for public reimbursement for oncology new medicines indicated for the treatment of solid tumors were searched and systematically reviewed. Biosimilars and generic drugs were excluded from the analysis. Results Overall, 119 public assessment reports published by NICE and 134 by HAS were identified, with 101 interventions assessed by both agencies. Of 101, 38 (38%) interventions received similar recommendations, 38 (38%) were recommended for different populations, and 25 (25%) were endorsed by one agency but rejected by the other. The main reason NICE would not recommend a drug was due to lack of cost-effectiveness, whereas HAS would primarily reject a drug on the grounds of insufficient clinical evidence. Conclusion The major divergence between agencies is the key criterion used for reimbursement recommendations. NICE mainly considers cost-effectiveness, whereas HAS primarily focuses on the clinical value of interventions. This contributes to the variability in reimbursement recommendations and leads to differential access to oncology new medicines indicated for the treatment of solid tumors among patients in France, and England and Wales. Highlights Both the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and the National Authority for Health (Haute Autorité de Santé; HAS) have established formal health technology assessment (HTA) processes and offer universal public health care coverage. However, both agencies diverge in the weight given to different elements of evidence during HTA evaluations. NICE uses cost-effectiveness as key criterion for recommendations on drug reimbursement, while HAS mostly limits its assessment to clinical value. For oncology new medicines indicated for treating solid tumors between 2015 and 2021, recommendations differed 62% of the time between NICE and HAS, primarily due to the distinct key decision-making criteria each HTA agency uses. For 4 interventions not endorsed by NICE, HAS saw these drugs as providing a substantial enhancement in clinical value over existing treatments, potentially providing an edge in price negotiations. Conversely, NICE deemed these drugs as not delivering adequate value for money in comparison with current therapies. A key difference between the 2 agencies is HAS’s insistence on methodological rigor in efficacy results, compared with NICE’s more flexible approach, considering descriptive efficacy results in cost-effectiveness modeling.
High levels of NK Cells in graft are associated with reduced febrile neutropenia after haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation
Authors: Guo Caili , Li Xinyan , Li Miaojing , He Pengcheng , Wang Wenjuan , Wang Xiaoning 
Published: July 2023

Objective To investigate the impact of natural killer (NK) cells in the graft on the outcome following haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (haplo-PBSCT). Methods We retrospectively collected data from patients who had undergone haplo-PBSCT at our centre from January 2019 to November 2021. The percentage of NK cells in stem cell grafts was detected by flow cytometry. Based on the median (range) count of NK cells (1.8 [0.4–6.0] × 108/kg), patients were separated into high and low NK cell count groups. Results Data from 96 patients were analysed. Patients were evenly distributed (48 in each group) into high and low NK cell count groups. There was no significant difference in neutrophil and platelet recovery between the two groups. However, the rates of febrile neutropenia, bacterial infection, and invasive fungal disease (IFD) were significantly reduced in the high compared with the low NK cell count group. There was no significant difference in rates of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infections between groups. There was no significant difference between groups in grades II and above acute graft versus host disease (GVHD), progression-free survival (PFS), or overall survival (OS). Conclusion A high number of NK cells in the graft may reduce febrile neutropenia, IFD and bacterial infection following haplo-PBSCT but it has no significant effect on aGVHD, PFS, or OS.
Efficacy of Continuous Infusion Ketamine for Analgosedation in the Medical Intensive Care Unit: A Propensity-Weighted Analysis
Authors: Magrum BrookeAnne , Elefritz Jessica L. , Eisinger Greg , McLaughlin Eric , Doepker Bruce 
Published: July 2023

Background: Few randomized controlled trials have evaluated the use of ketamine vs opiate-based analgosedation. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis of 169 mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) at an academic medical center was conducted to evaluate efficacy of ketamine vs opiate-based analgosedation by comparing the percentage of time within target sedation range. The primary outcome was percentage of time within target sedation range (RASS -1 to +1) within first 72 hours of primary sedation initiation. Secondary outcomes including percentage of time under-sedated, over-sedated, and in coma; use of concomitant analgesic, sedative, and antipsychotic agents; presence of delirium; percentage of CPOT scores at goal; and hemodynamic effects were also evaluated. Results: After weighting, the mean percentage of time at RASS goal for ketamine patients was 43.0% compared to 41.4% for opiate-based sedation patients. Ketamine was not significantly non-inferior to opiate-based sedation for the mean percentage of time at RASS goal ( P = .11). The median percentage of CPOT scores at goal was 13.3% higher in the ketamine group ( P = .042). Patients in the ketamine group received significantly less additional sedative agents than the patients in the opiate-based sedation group. Conclusion: A similar percent of time at RASS goal was found for the ketamine analgosedation group compared to the opiate-based sedation group, although this did not reach statistical signicance for non-inferiority due to lack of statistical power. This study found a higher percentage of CPOT scores within goal with less additional sedative agents required compared to an opiate-based sedation regimen.
Lupus anticoagulant-hypoprothrombinemia syndrome in children: Three case reports and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Sun Yan-hong , Nie Wen-jian , Tian Dan-dan , Ye Qing 
Published: July 2023

Objective Children with lupus anticoagulant hypoprothrombinemia syndrome (LAHPS) are characterized by prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT), lupus anticoagulant positivity and low prothrombin (factor II, FII) levels. Bleeding or thrombosis tendencies related to LAHPS in children can occur due to the development of anti-prothrombin antibodies that are usually linked to autoimmune or infectious diseases. Methods We report three pediatric cases of LAHPS and describe details on their clinical symptoms, laboratory characteristics, treatment. PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science searches were conducted on LAHPS in children between 1960 and 2023; articles in English were included. Results The coagulation profile revealed prolonged PT and APTT, with low prothrombin levels (19.4%, 21.0% and 12.9%, respectively) and positive lupus anticoagulant in 3 pediatric cases. Fifty-nine relevant articles reported 93 pediatric LAHPS cases (mean age: 9 years (0.8–17 years)); 63 females and 30 males, 87 patients presented with minor to severe bleeding diathesis, and 3 patients presented with thrombosis events. Among 48 patients ≥9 years old, 36 had SLE; among 45 patients <9 years, 29 had viral infection. When all patients were divided into two groups based on age, associated disease, and factor II level, Pearson’s χ2 tests were performed, p =.00, and there was clinical significance between autoimmune and infectious disease in patients ≥9 years old and <9 years old, and in patients FII level ≤10% and >10%. LAHPS patients with autoimmune disease had a protracted course and needed prolonged treatment with immune-modulating therapy, while those patients with infectious disease resolved spontaneously or needed short-term immune-modulating therapy. Conclusion LAHPS caused by autoimmune disease are common in patients ≥9 years old, especially SLE, and FII level ≤10% is often reported in patients caused by autoimmune disease, suggesting that children ≥9 years old diagnosed with LAHPS-related autoimmune disease should pay special attention to the FII level. While LAHPS caused by infectious disease is more frequently observed in patients <9 years, especially viral infection. Early diagnostic investigations are critical to differentiating LAHPS caused by autoimmune or infectious disease, as the prognosis, treatment and outcome are distinct.