bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research Progress in Donor−Acceptor Type Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Xia Yeqing , Zhang Weifeng , Yang Shuai , Wang Liping , Yu Gui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are new organic porous materials constructed by covalent bonds, with the advantages of pre‐designable topology, adjustable pore size, and abundant active sites. Many research studies have shown that COFs exhibit great potential in gas adsorption, molecular separation, catalysis, drug delivery, energy storage, etc. However, the electrons and holes of intrinsic COF are prone to compounding in transport, and the carrier lifetime is short. The donor–acceptor (D−A) type COFs, which are synthesized by introducing D and A units into the COFs backbone, combine separated electron and hole migration pathway, tunable band gap and optoelectronic properties of D−A type polymers with the unique advantages of COFs and have made great progress in related research in recent years. Here, the synthetic strategies of D−A type COFs are first outlined, including the rational design of linkages and D−A units as well as functionalization approaches. Then the applications of D−A type COFs in catalytic reactions, photothermal therapy, and electronic materials are systematically summarized. In the final section, the current challenges, and new directions for the development of D−A type COFs are presented.
Continuous‐Wave Pumped Perovskite Lasers with Device Area Below 1 µm2
Authors: Song Jiepeng , Shang Qiuyu , Deng Xinyi , Liang Yin , Li Chun , Liu Xinfeng , Xiong Qihua , Zhang Qing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractContinuous‐wave (CW) pumped lasers with device areas below 1 µm2 constitute a key step to meeting the energy efficiency requirement for on‐chip optical communications. However, a debate about whether a sub‐micrometer device size and low threshold can be simultaneously satisfied has persisted owing to insurmountable radiation losses when approaching the optical diffraction limit. Herein, a record‐small CW optically pumped perovskite laser with a device area of 0.65 µm2 is demonstrated. The thresholds of sub‐micrometer lasers can be found lower than those of several‐micrometer counterparts, and are ascribed to the enlarged group refractive index and modal confinement resulting from the enhanced exciton–photon coupling. Moreover, the operation temperature is elevated to 150 K through the reduction in heat generation. These findings unveil the potential of exciton–polaritons in laser miniaturization, providing an alternative for developing low‐threshold semiconductor lasers without artificial optical cavities, to approach the optical diffraction limit.
A Long‐Overlooked Pitfall in Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries: Proper Electrode Balancing
Authors: Deckenbach Daniel , Schneider Jörg J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn times of an ever‐increasing demand for portable energy storage systems, post‐lithium‐based battery systems are increasingly coming into the focus of current research. In this realm, zinc–air batteries can be considered a very promising candidate to expand the existing portfolio of lithium‐based rechargeable battery systems due to their high theoretical energy density of 1086 Wh kg−1. Despite a steady increase in research over the past 5 years, a breakthrough in realizing fully electrically rechargeable zinc–air batteries has yet to come. This perspective article highlights pitfalls that have probably hampered the development of rechargeable zinc–air batteries over years. This involves a fundamental evaluation of the zinc–air battery system, whereby fallacies of an alleged rechargeability are uncovered. Especially, the electrode balancing of the zinc anode as well as the interface between anode and electrolyte is focused herein. Known phenomena such as morphological changes are re‐evaluated by taking the contrasting battery stresses from shallow discharge to a highly desirable deep discharge into account. Existing challenges are discussed and prospected based on current approaches aiming to shed new light on a fundamental understanding and an opening of new avenues for rechargeability in zinc–air batteries.
Surface Structure and Optical Property Modulation of Hybrid‐Peptide‐Capped Gold Nanoclusters and their Aggregation‐Induced Emission Enhancement Behavior
Authors: Lai Xuandi , Liu Feiyan , Chen Liqiong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe impact of the regularity of the surface structure on the intra‐/inter‐particle behavior of luminescent metal nanoclusters (NCs) remains to be unambiguously clarified. Herein, an in‐depth investigation of the relationship between surface structure and the emission pattern of luminescent gold NCs (GNCs) is conducted using a series of NCs coated with opposite‐charged peptides (glutathione [GSH] and poly‐L‐lysine [PLL]) to unravel mutual interactions between ligands and to determine the predominant role of the arrangement of Au(I)‐ligand motifs in respect to their optical properties. GNCs with different emission patterns of 640 nm‐, 820 nm‐, or dual‐emitting are obtained by tuning the adding ratio of PLL to GSH. Moreover, the 640 nm‐emitting GNCs show aggregation‐induced emission enhancement behavior after the introduction of the Pb2+ ion, which is used to determine the quantity of Pb2+ with a limit of detection as low as 44 nm.
Zn2+ Doping in Organic Manganese(II) Bromide Hybrid Scintillators toward Enhanced Light Yield for X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Jin Jiance , Han Kai , Hu Yakun , Xia Zhiguo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMetal halide scintillators have drawn great interest for X‐ray imaging; however, it remains challenging to simultaneously achieve a high light yield (LY) and highly sensitive detection. Herein, Zn2+ is successfully introduced into [TPPen]2MnBr4 (TPPMB, TPPen = pentyltriphenylphosphonium) and the synthesis of [TPPen]2Mn0.9Zn0.1Br4 (TPPMZB) is designed. The LY increases from 43 000 for TPPMB to 68 000 photons MeV−1 for TPPMZB in virtue of the Zn atom doping. Additionally, the detection limit of TPPMZB is 204.1 nGy s−1, showing great improvement to that of TPPMB with the value of 696.9 nGy s−1. X‐ray imaging is realized by utilizing the large‐scale scintillator film fabricated by mixing polydimethylsiloxane with TPPMZB or TPPMB, and the spatial resolution is enlarged from 4.6 to 11.2 lp mm−1 after Zn2+‐doping. This study provides a design principle by doping engineering for enhancing the LY property of metal halide X‐ray scintillators.
Machine Learning‐Assisted Discovery of 2D Perovskites with Tailored Bandgap for Solar Cells
Authors: Shen Yushu , Wang Junya , Ji Xiaobo , Lu Wencong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract2D organic–inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) have received considerable attention due to their attractive photoelectronic properties. Nevertheless, the selection of components for 2D OIHPs with target bandgap is still challenging. To address this issue, a collaborative machine learning model to screen promising 2D OIHPs materials with tailored bandgap is established. Based on the high‐throughput screening via machine learning model, 18 materials with bandgap of 0.9–1.6 eV are obtained to meet the requirement of Shockley–Queisser theory. And considering the application of weak light indoor, 30 candidates with bandgap of about 2.0 eV are also screened out successfully. The prediction results are verified to be reliable by comparing with the published results. Moreover, the Shapley Additive exPlanation and statistical analysis indicate that the electronegativity of the X site, the electronegativity of B site, the vertical ionization potential of A site, and the number of inorganic layers play decisive roles in the prediction of bandgap. This collaborative prediction combining with interpretable strategies can achieve rapid and accurate prediction of bandgap, thus accelerating the development of the 2D OIHP materials in various applications.
The Stiffest and Strongest Predicted Material: C2N Atomic Chains Approach the Theoretical Limits
Authors: Gao Enlai , Yang Hang , Guo Yongzhe , Nielsen Steven O. , Baughman Ray H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThough linear atomic chains exhibit extreme properties, it is presently unclear how these properties can be maximized by the choice of elemental composition. Considering that boron, carbon, and nitrogen can form high modulus and high strength atomic chains, here an algorithm is developed to construct 143 possible atomic chains of these elements with 6 or fewer atoms in the primitive cell and explore their stabilities and mechanical properties by first‐principles calculations. It is found that the gravimetric modulus (1032 GPa g−1 cm3) and strength (108 GPa g−1 cm3) of the C2N chain significantly exceed those of any known material, including the previously stiffest predicted material (C chain, 945 GPa g−1 cm3) and the previously strongest predicted material (BC chain, 92 GPa g−1 cm3), and also approach the theoretical limits of gravimetric modulus (1036 GPa g−1 cm3) and strength (130 GPa g−1 cm3). Mechanistic analyses demonstrate that the higher gravimetric modulus and strength of the C2N chain, compared with the C and BC chains, originate from its short, stiff chemical bonding and the abnormal decrease in bond length alternation under tension. The likely ease of fabrication and potential synthesis routes for C2N chains are discussed.
Stress‐Dispersed Superstructure of Sn3(PO4)2@PC Derived from Programmable Assembly of Metal–Organic Framework as Long‐Life Potassium/Sodium‐Ion Batteries Anodes
Authors: Jiang Huimin , Zhang Shuo , Yan Liting , Xing Yanlong , Zhang Zhichao , Zheng Qiuju , Shen Jianxing , Zhao Xuebo , Wang Lianzhou 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe structures of anode materials significantly affect their properties in rechargeable batteries. Material nanosizing and electrode integrity are both beneficial for performance enhancement of batteries, but it is challenging to guarantee optimized nanosizing particles and high structural integrity simultaneously. Herein, a programmable assembly strategy of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is used to construct a Sn‐based MOF superstructure precursor. After calcination under inert atmosphere, the as‐fabricated Sn3(PO4)2@phosphorus doped carbon (Sn3(PO4)2@PC‐48) well inherited the morphology of Sn‐MOF superstructure precursor. The resultant new material exhibits appreciable reversible capacity and low capacity degradation for K+ storage (144.0 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 with 90.1% capacity retained after 10000 cycles) and Na+ storage (202.5 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 with 96.0% capacity retained after 8000 cycles). Detailed characterizations, density functional theory calculations, and finite element analysis simulations reveal that the optimized electronic structure and the stress‐dispersed superstructure morphology of Sn3(PO4)2@PC promote the electronic conductivity, enhance K+/ Na+ binding ability and improve the structure stabilization efficiently. This strategy to optimize the structure of anode materials by controlling the MOF growth process offer new dimension to regulate the materials precisely in the energy field.
Near‐Infrared Persistent Luminescence Nanoprobe for Ultrasensitive Image‐Guided Tumor Resection
Authors: Lin Peng , Shi Junpeng , Lin Ye , Zhang Qian , Yu Kexin , Liu Lin , Song Liang , Kang Yile , Hong Maochun , Zhang Yun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging poses significant superiority over traditional medical imaging for tumor resection, thus having attracted widely attention. However, for tiny tumor residues, it requires relative high sensitivity to determine. Here, based on persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs), an ultrasensitive nanoprobe with extraordinary tumor imaging result is developed to guide surgical removal. Persistent luminescence (PersL) is quenched in normal tissue by the outer layer of MnO2, and is recovered due to the degradation of MnO2 in tumor microenvironment, significantly improving the sensitivity of tumor imaging. Combined with the absence of background fluorescence in imaging of PLNPs, ultrahigh sensitivity is achieved. In orthotopic breast cancer model, the intraoperative tumor‐to‐normal tissue (T/NT) signal ratio of the nanoprobe is 58.8, about 9 times that of downconversion nanoparticles. The T/NT ratio of residual tumor (<2 mm) remains 12.4, considerably high to distinguish tumor tissue from normal tissue. Besides, multiple‐microtumor, 4T1 liver‐implanted tumor and lung metastasis models are built to prove that this ultrasensitive nanoprobe is feasible to recognize tumor residues. Notably, PersL imaging takes only 1.5 min, appropriate to be applied for intraoperative imaging. Overall, an ultrasensitive and convenient imaging for recognizing residual tumor tissue is introduced, holding promise for complete surgical removal.
Regulating the Charge Migration in CuInSe2/N‐Doped Carbon Nanorod Arrays via Interfacial Engineering for Boosting Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Cheng , Sun Shengdong , Zhang Hui , Zhang Jun , Li Chuanhao , Chen Wei , Li Shikuo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRegulating the charge migration and separation in photoactive materials is a great challenge for developing photoelectrochemical (PEC) applications. Herein, inspired by capacitors, well‐defined CuInSe2/N‐doped carbon (CISe/N‐C) nanorod arrays are synthesized by Cu/In‐metal organic frame‐derived method. Like the charge process of capacitor, the N‐doped carbon can capture the photogenerated electron of CISe, and the strong interfacial coupling between CISe and N‐doped carbon can modulate the charge migration and separation. The optimized the CISe/N‐C photoanode achieves a maximum photocurrent of 4.28 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in neutral electrolyte solution under AM 1.5 G simulated sunlight (100 mW cm‐2), which is 8.4 times higher than that of the CuInSe2 photoanode (0.51 mA cm‐2). And a benefit of the strong electronic coupling between CISe and N‐doped carbon, the charge transfer rate is increased to 1.3–13 times higher than that of CISe in the range of 0.6–1.1 V versus RHE. The interfacial coupling effects on modulating the carrier transfer dynamics are investigated by Kelvin probe force microscopy analysis and density functional theory calculation. This work provides new insights into bulk phase carrier modulation to improve the performance of photoanode for PEC water splitting.
Dynamics of an Electrically Driven Phase Transition in Ca2RuO4 Thin Films: Nonequilibrium High‐Speed Resistive Switching in the Absence of an Abrupt Thermal Transition
Authors: Tsubaki Keiji , Tsurumaki‐Fukuchi Atsushi , Katase Takayoshi , Kamiya Toshio , Arita Masashi , Takahashi Yasuo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn Mott‐type resistive switching phenomena, which are based on the metal–insulator transition in strongly correlated materials, the presence of an abrupt temperature‐driven transition in the material is considered essential for achieving high‐speed and large‐resistance‐ratio switching. However, this means that the freedom of material/device design in applications is significantly reduced for this type of switching by the strict requirement of transition abruptness. Here, high‐speed, abrupt resistive switching with a switching time of 140 ns is demonstrated in epitaxial films of Ca2RuO4/LaAlO3 (001), which is a material with a nonthermal metal–insulator transition driven by current, despite the complete absence of an abrupt thermal transition in the resistivity–temperature characteristics. Highly smooth negative‐differential‐resistance behavior, very high cycling stability, and an endurance over 106 cycles are also demonstrated in the current–voltage and current–time characteristics, which confirm the nonstochastic nature of the abrupt switching. These results suggest that strict control of the resistivity–temperature characteristics is not necessarily required in a material with a nonthermal‐type metal–insulator transition to obtain high‐speed resistive switching because of the independence of the dynamics from those of the thermal transition, and this phenomenon potentially has important advantages in resistive switching applications.
Meta‐analysis of age‐related cognitive decline reveals a novel locus for the attention domain and implicates a COVID‐19‐related gene for global cognitive function
Authors: Acharya Vibha , Fan Kang‐Hsien , Snitz Beth E. , Ganguli Mary , DeKosky Steven T. , Lopez Oscar L. , Feingold Eleanor , Kamboh Mohammed Ilyas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONCognitive abilities have substantial heritability throughout life, as shown by twin‐ and population‐based studies. However, there is limited understanding of the genetic factors related to cognitive decline in aging across neurocognitive domains.METHODSWe conducted a meta‐analysis on 3045 individuals aged ≥65, derived from three population‐based cohorts, to identify genetic variants associated with the decline of five neurocognitive domains (attention, memory, executive function, language, visuospatial function) and global cognitive decline. We also conducted gene‐based and functional bioinformatics analyses.RESULTSApolipoprotein E (APOE)4 was significantly associated with decline of memory (p = 5.58E‐09) and global cognitive function (p = 1.84E‐08). We identified a novel association with attention decline on chromosome 9, rs6559700 (p = 2.69E‐08), near RASEF. Gene‐based analysis also identified a novel gene, TMPRSS11D, involved in the activation of SARS‐CoV‐2, to be associated with the decline in global cognitive function (p = 4.28E‐07).DISCUSSIONDomain‐specific genetic studies can aid in the identification of novel genes and pathways associated with decline across neurocognitive domains.Highlights
rs6559700 was associated with decline of attention.
APOE4 was associated with decline of memory and global cognitive decline.
TMPRSS11D, a gene involved in the activation of SARS‐CoV‐2, was implicated in global cognitive decline.
Cognitive domain abilities had both unique and shared molecular pathways across the domains.
Differences in the anatomical structure of the uterus between fertile and infertile individuals
Authors: Sevindik Betul , Unver Dogan Nadire , Secilmis Ozlem , Uysal Emine , Fazliogullari Zeliha , Karabulut Ahmet Kagan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInfertility affects a significant portion of the reproductive population and is caused by structural and hormonal factors. The prevalence of congenital uterine anomalies is 3%–4%, with the most common anomaly being septate uterus. However, further research is needed to determine whether these anomalies can cause infertility. In this study, we compared the morphometric parameters of the uterus of fertile and infertile individuals. Based on the data obtained, we aimed to determine the parameters to be evaluated for fertility prediction and to investigate the effect of uterine septum on fertility. The uteruses of 55 infertile and 80 fertile individuals between the age range of 20–45 years were analyzed retrospectively using magnetic resonance images. Infertile individuals were categorized into two groups according to the reasons for infertility: Group I, which included women with congenital uterine anomalies (septate uterus), and Group II, which included women with tubal and male factors. Group III comprised fertile individuals. Uterine length (UL), uterine body length (UbL), cervical length (CxL), uterine cavity length (UcL), anteroposterior diameter (APD), transverse diameter (TD), fundal thickness (FT), and ostial distance (OD) were measured. The uterine positions were examined. The data of uterine variables were evaluated statistically according to age and groups. The mean ages of individuals in Groups I, II, and III were 29.88 ± 6.69, 29.21 ± 4.59, and 27.45 ± 5.43 years, respectively. Significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of UL, UbL, CxL, UcL, APD, FT, and OD variables (p < 0.05), except for TD (p > 0.05). We observed that UL, UcL, length/width ratio, and APD parameters are important factors that influence fertility. Evaluating these parameters before septum resection would be useful in predicting the contribution of this surgical operation to fertility.
A test of psychotherapists' and nontherapists' recognition of correct and incorrect process in managing client resistance
Authors: Cooper Max B. , Di Bartolomeo Alyssa A. , Westra Henny A. , Olson David A. , Boritz Tali 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivePsychotherapist management of client resistance (i.e., opposition to change or the therapy process) has a significant impact on therapy outcomes. This study aimed at assessing psychotherapists' and nontherapists' abilities to recognise empirically supported correct and erroneous therapist responses to client resistance.MethodSeventy‐eight therapists and 111 nontherapists completed a rapidly administered novel skills test, Therapist Errors in Resistance Management (TERM), assessing recognition of correct and erroneous resistance management.ResultsParticipants were, on average, less than half as accurate at recognising therapist errors (recognised below chance levels) compared with correct therapist responses to resistance (recognised above chance levels). Therapists outperformed nontherapists in accurate recognition of therapist responding. However, among the therapist group, greater clinical experience did not predict superior recognition of therapist errors.ConclusionThese results indicate that therapists and nontherapists alike may have difficulty detecting erroneous therapist responses to resistance, tending to mistake empirically contraindicated directive responses for correct responding. This may reflect the difficult and unintuitive nature of correct resistance responding and may suggest a need for increased training in process acuity and resistance management in therapist education.
An accessory mediastinal thyroid: A case report
Authors: Sadidi Hossein , Mehri Ali , Rezaei Reza 
Published: April 2023

Key Clinical MessageVarious differential diagnoses and etiologies exist for mediastinal masses. One of the most uncommon is the ectopic mediastinal goiter. It is crucial for a clinician, especially cardiothoracic surgeons, to think about it when encountering such masses.
Role of choledochotomy after mechanical lithotripsy‐related adverse event in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Lalanda Raquel , Seixo Maria Inês , Lopes Ana Sofia , Aparício David , Ferreira José , Freitas Carlos , Miranda Luís 
Published: April 2023

Key Clinical MessageIn case of rupture of the mechanical lithotripter's traction wires during an ERCP, we suggest performing a choledochotomy to remove the stone, and remove the closed Dormia basket through the mouth.
Sclerotherapy for the management of venous malformations: Experience from a single institution in Afghanistan
Authors: Rahimi Mohammad Tareq , Baryali Tawab , Akbari Ahmad Rashad , Saadaat Ramin , Salehzai Mohibullah , Haidary Ahmed Maseh 
Published: April 2023

Key Clinical MessageSclerotherapy is a convenient modality for the treatment of venous malformation. Ethanol as a sclerosing agent is easily available and cheap. Sclerotherapy for venous malformations has both functional as well as aesthetic outcome.
Repeated acute lower limb ischemia due to complete occlusion of an artificial vessel graft: A case report
Authors: Tamura Yamato , Abe Takehisa 
Published: April 2023

Key Clinical MessageIn cases involving an occluded artificial blood vessel graft, thrombosis of the vessel can cause lower limb ischemia. When thromboembolism develops, it is essential to rule out the complete occlusion of an artificial blood vessel graft as the cause.AbstractA 60‐year‐old woman with bilateral superficial femoral artery occlusion underwent femoral‐popliteal bypass surgery. Six months later, left vascular prosthesis occlusion occurred; 1.5 years later, an occlusive embolus developed in the deep femoral artery. The proximal prosthesis aspect was detached from the native vessel. The limb was salvaged with bypass surgery.