bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making adaptive management more user friendly to encourage manager buy‐in
Authors: Kuiper Timothy , Ngwenya Nobesuthu , Kavhu Blessing , Mandisodza‐Chikerema Roseline , Milner‐Gulland Eleanor Jane 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Adaptive management, whereby monitoring is used to evaluate management interventions with uncertain outcomes, is theoretically well‐developed but poorly implemented. Previous work has identified several reasons for this, but there has been little direct investigation into the perceptions of on‐the‐ground managers (those ultimately responsible for adopting adaptive management).

We conducted interviews with nine protected area managers in the Mana–Sapi–Chewore World Heritage Site in Zimbabwe to understand their perspectives on, and extent of adoption of, adaptive management. We focused on how managers use ranger‐collected data on elephant poaching to inform their anti‐poaching strategies. To better understand drivers of adoption, we also interviewed 18 key informants either working with these managers or familiar with their work.

We found that while managers used ranger‐collected to guide patrol deployments, data use was basic, short term and reactive. We found little evidence of managers systematically analysing and learning from trends in data to inform anti‐poaching. Lack of buy‐in and ownership was a significant barrier to adoption of data‐based adaptive management. Managers did not see how the approach would help their work, felt that the costs of adoption outweighed the benefits, and were resistant to change from management based on intuition and experience (which they saw as more familiar and dependable).

We find strong parallels between drivers of adoption in our study and prominent theories of what affects technology and innovation adoption within organisations more generally. Looking beyond our case study, we contend that the ‘human’ dimension of adaptive management (manager buy‐in and organisational culture) has been under‐emphasised compared to technical fixes (like providing more resources and training). Our results highlight the difficulties of implementing adaptive management, rather than critiquing the concept itself.

Finally, we generalise our findings to develop a theory of change to promote greater manager buy‐in to adaptive management, drawing on principles from human‐centred design to ensure that solutions are sensitive to the priorities and decision‐making context of protected area managers.
Functional consequence and therapeutic targeting of cryptic ALK fusions in monosomy 7 acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Manselle Makia K. , Ries Rhonda E. , Hylkema Tiffany , Leonti Amanda , Kirkey Danielle C. , Furlan Scott N. , Meshinchi Soheil 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients have a wide array of cytogenetic and molecular aberrations, which can influence response to therapy. Monosomy 7 is a rare subset within pediatric AML (prevalence of <2%) that is highly associated with poor outcomes. Fusions involving the anaplastic tyrosine kinase (ALK) gene were exclusively identified in 14.3% of this high‐risk cohort, while absent across all other AML. Given the dismal outcomes of monosomy 7, we evaluated the use of crizotinib, an FDA‐approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor, used to treat patients with ALK fusions. Our findings suggest that crizotinib may serve as a novel therapy for these patients.
Electronic screening for unmet social needs in a pediatric pulmonary clinic: Acceptability and associations with health outcomes
Authors: Oates Gabriela R. , Lock Lindsay , Tarn Valerie , Geurs Robin , Guimbellot Jennifer S. , Baker Elizabeth , Magruder Teresa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildren with unmet basic needs experience worse health than more advantaged counterparts. There has been limited research on screening for unmet basic needs in pediatric subspecialty care.MethodsCaregivers of established patients in pediatric asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF) clinics were screened for unmet basic needs with an electronic survey, which asked about concerns and stress level (5‐point Likert scale) related to food, housing, transportation, health insurance, and childcare, among others. Medical record review provided patient demographic characteristics and clinical data. A follow‐up survey with the clinical providers assessed the acceptability of electronic screening for unmet needs.ResultsThe sample included 214 pediatric patients (N = 105 asthma, N = 109 CF) and their caregivers. Most patients with asthma (76%) were Black, 30% in households with <$20,000 annual income. In contrast, most patients with CF (93%) were white, 12% in households with <$20,000 annual income. Reported needs included food insecurity (29% asthma and 17% CF), healthy food (75% asthma and 87% CF), financial insecurity (45% asthma and 32% CF), health insurance (15% asthma and 28% CF), smoke exposure (24% asthma and 28% CF), child's exercise (21% asthma and 28% CF), living conditions (18% asthma and 17% CF), childcare (11% asthma and 15% CF), transportation (16% asthma and 9% CF), and housing insecurity (10% asthma and 8% CF). Concerns were rated moderately to very stressful. Food insecurity, financial insecurity, and smoke exposure were significantly associated with uncontrolled asthma. In people with CF, concerns about health insurance and child exercise were significantly associated with lower lung function and increased odds of hospitalizations. Clinicians believed that screening was important and should be administered by a designated person on the clinical team.ConclusionsUnmet basic needs and associated stress levels are linked to adverse pediatric pulmonary outcomes. Electronic screening, without face‐to‐face interaction or paper trail, facilitates high response rates and is easily integrated into clinic flow. Such screenings can identify vulnerable patients for targeted interventions and referral to available community resources.
AmiP from hyperthermophilic Thermus parvatiensis prophage is a thermoactive and ultrathermostable peptidoglycan lytic amidase
Authors: Jasilionis Andrius , Plotka Magdalena , Wang Lei , Dorawa Sebastian , Lange Joanna , Watzlawick Hildegard , van den Bergh Tom , Vroling Bas , Altenbuchner Josef , Kaczorowska Anna‐Karina , Pohl Ehmke , Kaczorowski Tadeusz , Nordberg Karlsson Eva , Freitag‐Pohl Stefanie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBacteriophages encode a wide variety of cell wall disrupting enzymes that aid the viral escape in the final stages of infection. These lytic enzymes have accumulated notable interest due to their potential as novel antibacterials for infection treatment caused by multiple‐drug resistant bacteria. Here, the detailed functional and structural characterization of Thermus parvatiensis prophage peptidoglycan lytic amidase AmiP, a globular Amidase_3 type lytic enzyme adapted to high temperatures is presented. The sequence and structure comparison with homologous lytic amidases reveals the key adaptation traits that ensure the activity and stability of AmiP at high temperatures. The crystal structure determined at a resolution of 1.8 Å displays a compact α/β‐fold with multiple secondary structure elements omitted or shortened compared with protein structures of similar proteins. The functional characterization of AmiP demonstrates high efficiency of catalytic activity and broad substrate specificity toward thermophilic and mesophilic bacteria strains containing Orn‐type or DAP‐type peptidoglycan. The here presented AmiP constitutes the most thermoactive and ultrathermostable Amidase_3 type lytic enzyme biochemically characterized with a temperature optimum at 85°C. The extraordinary high melting temperature Tm 102.6°C confirms fold stability up to approximately 100°C. Furthermore, AmiP is shown to be more active over the alkaline pH range with pH optimum at pH 8.5 and tolerates NaCl up to 300 mM with the activity optimum at 25 mM NaCl. This set of beneficial characteristics suggests that AmiP can be further exploited in biotechnology.
Pulmonary endarterectomy and balloon pulmonary angioplasty in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: Comparison of changes in hemodynamics and functional capacity
Authors: Ravnestad Håvard , Andersen Rune , Birkeland Sigurd , Svalebjørg Morten , Lingaas Per Snorre , Gude Einar , Gullestad Lars , Kvitting John‐Peder Escobar , Broch Kaspar , Andreassen Arne K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe treatment of choice for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) is an emerging option for inoperable patients. Comparisons of the hemodynamic and functional outcome between these treatments are scarce. In this single‐center observational cohort study, we compared hemodynamics by right heart catheterization and peak oxygen consumption before and 5 months (±14 days) after either PEA or BPA. Comprehensive evaluation and selection for PEA or BPA was performed by an expert CTEPH team. Fourty‐two and fourty consecutive patients were treated with PEA or BPA, respectively. Demographics were similar between groups. Both PEA and BPA significantly reduced mean pulmonary artery pressure (from 46 ± 11 mmHg at baseline to 28 ± 13 mmHg at follow‐up; p < 0.001 and from 43 ± 12 mmHg to 31 ± 9 mmHg; p < 0.001) and pulmonary vascular resistance (from 686 ± 347 dyn s cm−5 at baseline to 281 ± 197 dyn s cm−5 at follow‐up; p < 0.001 and from 544 ± 322 dyn s cm−5 to 338 ± 180 dyn s cm−5; p < 0.001), with significantly lower reductions for both parameters in the former group. However, cardiopulmonary exercise testing revealed no significant between group differences in exercise capacity. Diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide at baseline was the only follow‐up predictor for peak VO2. In our study, PEA reduced pulmonary pressures more than BPA did, but similar improvements were observed for exercise capacity. Thus, while long term data after BPA is lacking, BPA treated CTEPH patients can expect physical gains in line with PEA.
Profiling aromatic constituents of Chimonanthus nitens Oliv. leaf granule using mass spectrometry
Authors: Zou Mailing , Yang Shanzheng , Wang Yongping , Yang Weiran , Lai Changjiangsheng , Huang Luqi , Chen Jinlong 
Published: February 2023

RationaleThe chemical constituents of Chinese patent medicine are usually different from those of crude medicine because of specific preparation processes. Chimonanthus nitens Oliv. leaf granule is widely used for prevention against COVID‐19 in China. However, no research has been reported on the chemical constituents of the granule and their variation during the preparation process.MethodsFragmentation patterns of reference compounds were investigated using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and the new gas‐phase reaction was demonstrated by electronic and steric effects and calculated chemistry. Then, a strategy based on new fragmentation patterns was used to profile aromatic constituents. In addition, based on untargeted metabolomics analytical workflow, a comparison was made on the chemical constituents of the leaf and granule.ResultsNew fragmentation patterns related to two competing reactions, ring‐opening and ring‐closing reactions for coumarin, have been proposed and investigated in depth. The newly established diagnostic ion at m/z 81.0331 worked strongly in the assignment of OH‐7 and substituent at C‐8 of coumarin. McLafferty rearrangement occurring in coumarin glycoside while sugar group locating at C‐4 was first observed, and new diagnostic ions at m/z 147.0440, 119.0488, and 91.0543 were constructed.ConclusionsAromatic constituents of the granule were first profiled. A total of 114 aromatic compounds were identified; of these 85 compounds were identified first. Kaempferol‐7‐O‐neohesperidoside and its homologues were mostly enriched in the granule. Considering their reported bioactivities, these analogues possibly contribute greatly to clinical efficacy. Our results provided a new fragmentation theory for coumarins and a new material basis for the quality control of the granule.
A review of the methodological characteristics of vocabulary interventions for emergent bilinguals in preschool to sixth grade
Authors: Bengochea Alain , Sembiante Sabrina F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVocabulary is foundational for reading and strongly linked to emergent bilingual (EB) students' academic achievement. Given the few syntheses on vocabulary interventions that are focused on emergent bilinguals, this literature review appraises the existing research and thoroughly accounts for methodological characteristics across studies relating to sample, treatment, and outcomes. We further investigate vocabulary teaching approaches that elicit positive vocabulary outcomes for preschool through to sixth grade EBs. Relevant intervention studies were identified and analysed for the study's sample, measure, and treatment characteristics as well as significant intervention outcomes. Analyses reveal that for sample characteristics there was a large amount of non‐reported information and a predominance of homogeneous, Spanish‐speaking, low second language proficiency sampling. For measurement characteristics, studies emphasised decontextualised and breadth of vocabulary knowledge as well as receptive vocabulary knowledge through oral responses. Patterns in treatment characteristics showed a prominence of unaligned treatment conditions, few investigations of home language support on EBs' vocabulary outcomes, and effectiveness of balanced approaches. Future research should build on effective balanced approaches and explore closer aligned comparison conditions with greater use of EBs' home languages. Practitioners should provide holistic vocabulary instruction for EBs that incorporates home language support, multimedia support during reading, and independent reading, all of which should provide extended and repeated vocabulary exposure.
Underwater UXO detection using magnetometry on hovering AUVs
Authors: Seidel Marc , Frey Torsten , Greinert Jens 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe EU‐funded project BASTA (Boost Applied munition detection through Smart data inTegration and AI workflows, http://www.basta-munition.eu) aimed at improving underwater unexploded ordnance (UXO) detection approaches and advancing data acquisition techniques. One aspect of the project was performing autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)‐based magnetic measurements. In this paper, we present the first results of integrating three submersible fluxgate magnetometers to a Girona 500 AUV in the context of underwater UXO detection. The hovering capabilities of these AUVs allow them to maintain a fixed position or to precisely navigate at very low velocities and altitudes. The magnetic sensors are rigidly attached to the nose of the AUV at a lateral distance of 2 m and are arranged in the shape of a vertical triangle, thereby allowing for the calculation of three spatial magnetic gradients. A series of surveys was performed when visiting several munitions dumpsites in the German Baltic Sea. Furthermore, we successfully conducted a test survey with surrogate objects of known magnetic moments in a naval port basin in Kiel, Germany. With a noise floor of approximately 2 nT, the system is capable of reliably detecting munitions similar in size to 81 mm shells from altitudes of 1 m above the seafloor. For ground‐truthing purposes and for a concluding confirmation or rejection of a UXO suspicion, the AUV is equipped with a high‐resolution camera system. This newly developed system aims at improving the industry standard's technical potentials of autonomously discriminating between hazardous UXO and anthropogenic debris or rocks and therefore reducing the number of target points before underwater UXO clearance campaigns.
A practical method for the deformation of long‐stroke hydraulic manipulators in grasping‐handling tasks
Authors: Zhou Hao , Zhang Xin , Liu Jinguo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLong‐stroke hydraulic manipulators are utilized in various grasping‐handling tasks, and the flexible deformation of these manipulators is the primary obstacle that affects precise position control of the end‐effectors in Cartesian space. This deformation is manifested in the following three aspects: joint deformation, structural deformation and clearance variation. Due to deformation uncertainty, methods that model the hydraulic manipulator as a combination of flexible multibody systems and hydraulic actuators are unsuitable. In this article, we propose an incremental inverse kinematics model (IIKM) as a new approach to solving the above deformation difficulties. The projection method is used to obtain the inverse kinematic analytical solution of long‐stroke hydraulic manipulators, which is based on the manipulator deformation in the current configuration (current configuration refers to the arrangement of the manipulator links when the manipulator starts to move to the target position). The proposed method avoids complex flexible multibody modeling and parameter identification, allowing long‐stroke hydraulic manipulators to be accurately controlled within a certain neighborhood. An evaluation coefficient is proposed to analyze the calculation accuracy of the IIKM in combination with the success rate obtained from 190 grasping experiments. Through these experiments, we determine the optimal calculation height range of the IIKM in the vertical direction and the optimal calculation position area in the horizontal direction and prove that the IIKM result can guarantee the success of grasping‐handling tasks when the end‐effector is within the optimal calculation height range.
Recent Advances in Metal‐Organic‐Framework‐Based Composites for Efficient Sequestration of Organophosphorus Pesticides (OPPs)
Authors: Solanki Swati , Prakash Nair Pravesh , Saxena Reena , Singh Rachana 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe uncontrolled utilization of organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) has resulted in substantial environmental issues globally, that pose significant threat to human health. As a result, effective sequestration of these OPPs has taken into consideration by several researchers and environmental scientists. In this context, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted a lot of attention in the field of adsorption due to their superabundant attachment sites, easy functionalization process, strong stability, tunable pore size, and rich topology. Therefore, the present review critically summarizes MOF based adsorbents such as pristine, functionalized, composites, and MOF‐derived materials along with the choice of precise linkers for the preparation of MOFs. Functionalizing agent used to achieve maximum adsorption by MOF is extensively explored. Possible mechanism, major interaction pathway for the mitigation of OPPs has also been focused. Finally, development of effective MOFs for successful implementation is recommended, along with future prospects for large‐scale applications.
Nanohybrids: A Burgeoning Need to Cater C−C and C−O Bonds Building in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Gupta Nikita , Anku Kumar , Singh Anurag , Routray Sampurna , Kar Ankita , Kumar Das Vijay 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNanohybrids (NHs) based on the conjugation of multiple carbonaceous nanomaterials and metal/metal oxides, are emerging as important photocatalysts of 21st century and have tremendous future scopes. Overcoating one material on top of another in NHs improves performance and multifunctionality growth for a wide range of catalytic applications in organic transformations. The catalytic activity of NHs brings a phenomenal change towards various organic synthetic reactions to improve their selectivity, productivity and yield. Thus, with the background of this context, the current review covers the state of art literature up to July 2022 and brings a comprehensive discussion on the entitled subject matter. As emphasized in this review, the application of heterogeneous NHs for common organic reactions has been confirmed to be a successful tactic for the growth of extremely resourceful conversions in terms of atom economy, atom efficiency E‐factor and selectivity. It also highlights the extensive and critical aspects to explore the catalytic prospects and challenges of NHs from obscurity to eminence.
Organic Hybrid Hydrogels: A Sustenance Technique in Waste‐Water Treatment
Authors: Malik Ritu , Saxena Reena , Warkar Sudhir G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWater sustenance is the primary exigency for human survival, besides being significant for food, energy generation, ecology, and socio‐economic modernization. The water crisis headed call for wastewater treatment. Owing to positive aspects of Organic Hybrid Hydrogels (OHH) viz. non‐toxicity, multiple‐functionalities, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and high sorption capacities; researchers are exploring their usage in waste‐water treatment for removal of organic (dyes) and inorganic (heavy metals, radionuclides) contaminants. The boon of OHH application is their ease of separation after the adsorption of pollutants by removing and dewatering them. This review corroborates the complete design of the synthesis of hydrogels, and the adsorption of impurities by them followed by their recovery, required for successful application in the removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from wastewater. It was observed hydrogels employed for the removal of metal ions and dyes follow either Langmuir or Freundlich isotherm or both. The usage of bio‐based hydrogels increased the adsorption of contaminants from wastewater. Due to the scarcer exploration of bio/hybrid hydrogels (especially carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum), this review is expedient for researchers for developing green hydrogels as a water conservation and sustenance technique.
Concise Construction of 1‐Sulfonyl‐1H‐indoles Using Solid Calcium Carbide as a Surrogate of Gaseous Acetylene
Authors: Chen Wei , Li Guorui , Wen Fei , Wang Qian , Li Zheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA concise method for the construction of 1‐sulfonyl‐1H‐indoles by the reactions ofN‐(2‐iodoaryl)sulfonamides with calcium carbide is described. The notable features of this protocol are the use of inexpensive and easy‐to‐handle solid alkyne source as a surrogate of flammable and explosive gaseous acetylene, wide scope of substrates, high yield, and simple reaction procedure. This method can also be extended to gram scale.
Synergistic Effect of Fe and Zn Doping on Multimetallic Catalysts for the Catalytic Hydrogenation of Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol
Authors: Huang Dejin , Zhao Xu , Zhai Zhouxiao , Chu Jie , Sun Lu , Zhuang Changfu , Min Chungang , Wang Ying 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFeCoZn@NPC‐600 catalyst was prepared by one‐step pyrolysis using FeCoZn‐ZIF as the precursor through multi‐metal homogeneous doping and self‐template conversion strategy, and it was used to catalyze the selective hydrogenation of furfural (FF) to furfuryl alcohol (FOL). The results showed that the FF conversion reached 100 % and the FOL selectivity was 97.34 %. Compared with FeCo@NPC‐600 and CoZn@NPC‐600, the FOL yield of FeCoZn@NPC‐600 was increased by 11.2 and 2.2 times, respectively. The excellent catalytic performance is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of multiple metals in the catalyst. The doping of Fe and Zn enhanced the active Co(0) content and acid strength of FeCoZn@NPC‐600, which promoted the activation of H2 and FF. Meanwhile, The doping of Zn also optimizes the pore structure of the catalyst. The activity of FeCoZn@NPC‐600 catalyst did not significantly decrease after repeated use for five times, mainly because the encapsulation of graphite carbon layer led to good cycleability.