bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Wild Beast to Huntress: Animal Imagery, Beauty, and Seduction in the Song of Songs and Proverbs
Authors: Létourneau Anne 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article investigates the bestiary used to represent the dynamics of attraction and seduction in the Song of Songs and the book of Proverbs. It examines mainly the predatory imagery, focusing on the lions and leopards the female lover associates with, in Song 4:8, as well as the “hunting ground” terminology used to characterize some of the strange women’s behaviors in Prov. 6:26; 7:22–23. Following Arbel (2015) and Imray (2013), the article contends that the female lover of Song of Songs and the strange women are not so different. Through a close philological examination of the passages staging these women, it sets out to decompartmentalize our understanding of what is an appropriate—or threatening—display of feminine charms and seductive strategies in the Hebrew Bible. This exegetical inquiry also brings the super/non-human persona of these women into focus.
Archaeological Perspectives on Contacts between Cairo and Eastern Ethiopia in the 12th to 15th Centuries
Authors: Insoll Timothy 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A sustained relationship between Cairo, Egypt more broadly, and eastern Ethiopia appears to have existed, particularly in the Ayyubid and Mamluk periods. In the general absence of historical sources, it is archaeology that provides primary insight into how and why this relationship was maintained, particularly over the twelfth to thirteenth centuries. This is considered through archaeological data from the trading entrepot of Harlaa with particular reference to coins, glass wares, ceramics, bread/ textile stamps, marine shell, and jewellery moulds. The inferences that can be drawn from these regarding trade routes and markets are assessed. Finally, the Egyptian role in the decline of Harlaa and its replacement by Harar in the late fifteenth century are considered.
The Watermills of Mosul in the Ottoman Period
Authors: Usta Onur , Tonghini Cristina 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a documentary and archaeological study of the watermills in Ottoman Mosul to gain a political and social-economic understanding of the water-resource management in Mosul and its north-eastern hinterland in the early modern period. Watermills are of importance to historians, as the simple buildings equipped with sophisticated hydraulic devices, for teasing out various strands of water-resource management and agricultural economies from a regional and longue-dureé perspective. By synthesizing historical and archaeological methodological approaches, this paper aims to address the questions of what historical legacy of Mosul was left to the Ottoman Empire regarding the water infrastructure, including watermills and irrigation systems, and what contribution the Ottoman administration made to the development of Mosul’s water infrastructure. It presents an archaeological examination of a group of milling installations in Wadi Bandawai in the north of Mosul, demonstrating changes in settlement patterns during the long Islamic period, from the 7th to early 20th centuries, and also drawing attention to methodological problems with Islamic and Ottoman archaeology concerning the periodization of material culture.
Cryptic but direct costs of an epidemic caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in the endangered Sardinian newt Euproctus platycephalus (Amphibia, Caudata)
Authors: Tessa Giulia , Sotgiu Giuseppe , Bovero Stefano , Angelini Claudio , Favelli Marco , Gazzaniga Enrico , Giacoma Cristina , Garner Trenton W.J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Parasites can directly affect host survival by causing cryptic costs that may occur in species when mortality does not take place or is less evident. Costs can be present in differently life history stages or age cohorts or cause age-dependent effects. Here we investigate the effects of chytridiomycete fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, (Bd), that causes one of the main infectious diseases implicated in numerous mass mortalities and population declines in the class of Amphibia, including in one of the rarest and most threatened salamander in Europe, the endemic Sardinian brook newt Euproctus platycephalus. This species is known to be infected by Bd since 2006, without evident direct cost or mass mortality events being observed. During 5 years of sampling (2007-2011), we captured 273 newts in the main infected area of the Limbara Mountain in the North of Sardinia, and, through epidemiological and age analyzes, we assess that Bd directly affected juvenile recruitment, and it is related to difficulties in the development of the species, with an impact on the females growth.
Esotericism in Romanian Religious History
Authors: Băncilă Ionuț Daniel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
As an expression of the complex global religious entanglements, esoteric knowledge did appeal also to Eastern Europe, in Romania being particularly imprinted by the local religious discourses and practices characteristic to Orthodox Christianity. This paper attempts to briefly sketch the indigenization of esoteric “currents” such as alchemy, spiritualism, Theosophy, Anthroposophy, Traditionalism etc. in Romania. Apart from these historical formations, various aspects of the contemporary occulture in Romania are also considered, especially the Orthodox occulture.
Taxonomic revision of the batesi species group of Dichotomius Hope, 1838, with the description of three new Amazonian species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)
Authors: Valois Marcely C. , Vaz-de-Mello Fernando Z. , Silva Fernando A. B. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Dichotomius (Selenocopris) is amongst the most diverse subgenera of Dichotomius Hope, 1838. Due to the scarcity of material and logistical problems experienced by previous authors to access type specimens, the available taxonomic information for the batesi group is mainly the short and superficial original descriptions of its species. In this paper, we provide a revision for all the species assigned to the batesi group and a comparative study with species belonging to taxonomically related species groups, namely: agenor, geminatus, inachus, carbonarius, and lucasi. The batesi group is redefined to include five Amazonian species: D. batesi, D. ziliolii, D. snethlageae sp. nov., D. martavannucciae sp. nov., and D. leopoldinae sp. nov.. The globulus is proposed for the remaining species formerly included in the batesi group; these species occur from Costa Rica to northern Amazonia. Dichotomius parcepunctatus and D. fortestriatus are considered new synonyms of D. batesi. Distribution data and an identification key are provided for the species in the batesi group.
The Changing U.S. China Watching Community and the Demise of Engagement with the People’s Republic of China
Authors: McCourt David M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Recent years have seen the rapid descent of relations between the United States and the People’s Republic of China (prc). Hopes for cooperation in places of common concern like climate change gave way to strains in almost all areas. In place of “engagement,” the administration of Donald J. Trump adopted a tougher approach of “strategic competition” that its successor so far has continued. This article explores the relationship between the demise of engagement and opinions coming from the American China expert community. Specifically, it questions the impact on engagement of five secular dynamics that these China authorities have experienced—generational turnover; the field’s vast expansion and diversification; increased disciplinary specialization; the enhanced prominence of the generalist in national security discussions in place of China specialists; and changes in the media leading to more skeptical journalistic voices on U.S.-prc relations. Without over-emphasizing either the influence of the expert community on U.S. decision-making, or underplaying the more repressive and authoritarian actions of the Chinese Communist Party, this article suggests that the China expert community has been more of a factor in the end of engagement than current accounts of academics and commentators acknowledge.
On plosive-nasal correspondences and alternations in Gyalrongic and their possible solutions
Authors: LAI Yunfan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Gyalrongic languages exhibit a series of non-trivial nasal-plosive (or approximant) correspondences, which so far lack an explanation. Some nasal consonants, mainly found in West Gyalrongic languages, correspond to plosives or approximants in their East Gyalrongic cognates. Long considered irregular, these correspondences have never been studied with the comparative method. This paper tackles these seeming correspondences and makes the first attempt to reconstruct them. I propose a series of voiceless nasals to account for their modern reflexes with various articulation manners, and analyse the plausibility of this reconstruction. I discuss the forms in question vis-à-vis their cognates in other Sino-Tibetan languages that exhibit a nasal. I also compare alternative solutions with the voiceless nasal hypothesis.
‘The Breath of Destruction’
Authors: Barcia Manuel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the years 1823, 1829–1830, and 1837, West and West Central Africa had to contend with three devastating yellow fever epidemics that affected both slave dealers who had settled along the coast and anti-slave trade officials tasked with bringing the slave trade to an end. In this paper I argue that these epidemics had a profound impact on the actions of both sets of actors, and eventually on the expansion and demise of the slave trade in the region. By focusing on the actions of a myriad of Atlantic actors, I explore the ways in which cyclical epidemics of yellow fever were dealt with, emphasizing how prophylactic measures, treatments, and more generally, medical knowledge, were challenged, affected, and changed by the arrival of each of them.
Being or Becoming Divine?
Authors: Bermejo-Rubio Fernando 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The present paper tackles the issue of deification in some Nag Hammadi writings in the context of other ancient strategies of (self)deification. It pays attention simultaneously to Greek and to Jewish-Christian traditions – both to mythical and philosophical contexts – trying to clarify how ancient “Gnostic” texts should be read in dialogue with surrounding culture(s). Despite the many obvious differences of conceptual assumptions in the surveyed models, an underlying typological similarity is glimpsed.
The Sophia of the Greeks and the Gnosis of the Barbarians
Authors: Bull Christian H. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Most scholars currently tend to see a biblical or “Gnostic” Sophia-Eve figure as the true identity of the enigmatic feminine self-revealer pronouncing the “I am” statements in Thunder: Perfect Mind (NHC VI,2). At an early stage of research, the similarities with the aretalogies of Isis, also framed as “I am” self-predications, were pointed out, but Isis has largely been left behind as a possible identity of Thunder, because of the latter’s ambiguous status, combining both elevated and lowly epithets (whore and matron, honored and despised, etc.). The present contribution reevaluates the Egyptian background of Thunder: Perfect Mind and considers the text as a demythologized, Platonic-Stoic, performative epiphany of a self-begotten, female, divine mind, similar in many respects to the Egyptian goddess Isis-Neith. Furthermore, it will be proposed that Thunder: Perfect Mind lies behind the common source of the self-predicative passage of On the Origins of the World (NHC II,5; XIII,2) and its parallel in the Hypostasis of the Archons (NHC II,4), likely mediated by the Gospel of Eve mentioned by Epiphanius of Salamis.
Mother of the Nation: A Short Translation History of Yang Qianhe’s ‘Flower Blooming Season’
Authors: Cantrill Aoife 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
First published in 1942, Yang Qianhe’s Japanese-language short story ‘Flower Blooming Season’ depicts a schoolgirl named Huiying who seeks out female role models to help her navigate the realities of womanhood beyond the school gates. This article uses close readings of the 1979, 1992, and 2001 Mandarin Chinese translations of the text to argue that the translation process politicised the text’s depiction of girlhood through omitting or foregrounding the protagonist’s interest in cultural and social markers of Japanese womanhood. In examining the translators’ differing approaches, the article explores how literary translation reflects and reinforces narratives concerning the period of Japanese rule in Taiwan, as well as questioning the tendency to view imperial subjectivity from a male perspective exclusively.
Shaping the Role of the Church as Transformer of Society
Authors: Zhao Wenjuan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article explores, from a theological standpoint, the growing concerns about the role of the church and how it may contribute to society without compromising Christian beliefs. It deconstructs some views favoring Western theology and reconstructs a Chinese theology in the Chinese context to argue how the church should be shaped and how transformative theological education could help the church achieve its goals. Given the Chinese context, this article proposes that theology could be described as a way of thinking about God and His relationship with the world and a way to witness to Jesus Christ, allowing the church to present itself from its very origin as a political body—a polis—a community that offers an alternative political methodology to influence society. To influence Chinese society, the church must apply both transformative theological education and theological praxis.
Minority Vulnerability in South Asia and China
Authors: Mallampalli Chandra 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In recent years, a global tilt toward rightist majoritarianism has made Muslim and Christian minorities of Asia more vulnerable to violence and displacement. China’s program of “de-extremification” among the Uyghurs, Myanmar’s military operations against the Rohingya, and Hindutva-inspired violence in India illustrate strong-handed homogenizing impulses, even by governments that profess to embrace diversity. By examining these different contexts through a common lens, it becomes possible to recognize recurring patterns and think beyond the nation-state as the only framework for addressing minority vulnerability. After comparing Muslim and Christian vulnerability across a variety of Asian contexts, the essay explores the possibility of “Islamo-Christian” solidarity in the face of majoritarian violence. This new alignment defies a longstanding imperialist framework, whose geopolitics pits a Christian West against a Muslim other. It also embraces an ethic of empathy that transcends the language of “religious freedom” – a principle arising from the same geopolitics that manufactured majority-minority distinctions to begin with.
De Eenheid die wij Zoeken
Authors: Krijnsen C. 
Published: March 2023

L’unité que nous cherchons
Dans la „conversion” de l’église catholique romaine au mouvement oecuménique, effectuée par Ie concile Vatican II, se reflète une évolution importante dans sa conccption de l’unité chrétienne. La période préconciliaire est profondément marquée par Ie thème du retour à l’eglise catholique. Ayant quitté l’unique Eglise du Christ, les chrétiens séparés ont Ie devoir de s’y rejoindre pour retrouver l’unité qu’ils poursuivent. Cette conviction est abandonnée par Vatican II qui découvre les valeurs ecclésiales présentes dans les communautés non catholiques et met fin à l’identification traditionnelle entre l’église de Rome et l’Eglise du Christ. Par Ie fait même Ie thème du retour à l’église catholique est substitué par celui de la restauration de la communion ecclésiale dédommagée. Enfin, dans la période postconciliaire l’application pratique des principes formulés par Vatican Il conduit à une conscience croissante de l’unité fondamentale de tous les chrétiens. Il va sans dire que cette conscience exerce son influence sur la conception catholique de l’unité chrétienne et jette une nouvelle lumière sur les conditions de sa restauration.
Nederdaling ter Helle als Paasikoon
Authors: Jacobs A. 
Published: March 2023

La descente aux limbes comme icone de Pdques
L'iconographie byzantine a pris le thème de la descente du Christ aux limbes pour l'icone de Pâques. On n'a pas choisi le moment de la résurrection, c'est-à­ dire le moment où le Christ monte de son tombeau, parce que les évangilcs n'en parlent pas et qu'il n'y avait pas de témoins. La descente aux limbes intitulée Anastasis souligne le moment précis de la rédemption, quand le Christ rcnd la main à Adam et Eve pour les délivrer de la mort. Ceux-ci représentent l'humanité de l'Ancien et du Nouveau Testament. Le Christ est mort pour tout le monde.
Le thème de la descente, basé sur des récits apocryphes, surtout sur l'évangile de Nicodèmc (4e siècle), se développe du 6e jusqu'au 15e siècle. Bicn que les éléments essentiels restent les mêmes, la fantaisie des peintres demeure assez libre. On distingue ainsi plusieurs types de cette icone : le Christ descendant, le Christ montant avec Adam, le Christ avec l'évangile ou avec sa croix, le Christ prenant en même temps Adam et Eve par la main, etc.
Vers la fin du 17e siècle, sous l'influencc de l'art occidental, beaucoup d'icones tâchint de faire une synthèse des thèmes oriental et occidental. On voit la résurrection en deux épisodes : le Christ aux limbes et le Christ sortant de son tombeau le jour de Päques. Le thème occidental, le Christ montant du tombeau, ne remplace la descente que très rarement et se fait jour seulement à partir du 19e siècle.
De Situatie van de Kopten in Egypte
Authors: Desá R. 
Published: March 2023

La situation des Coptes en Egypte
Le 3 septembre 1981 , Ie président Anwar Sadat fit arrêter 553 personnes, musulmans et chrétiens, parmi lesquels des évêques et des prêtres. Deux jours plus tard, il retira sa signature du décret présidentiel reconnaissant Amba Chenouda III comme patriarche de l' Eglise copte. En même temps, il annonça l'arrestation des grands chefs des extrémistes musulmans, la fermeture de quatre journaux et la dissolution de plusieurs associations. Le patriarche destitué fut relégué dans Ie monastère d' Amba Bchoï, dans Ie désert du Wadi el-Natroun. Ces événements qui mirent fin à une période de troubles entre musulmans et chrétiens soulèvent la question comment Sadat, un homme ouvert, fin politicien, qui insistait toujours, dans ses discours, sur la nécessité de l'union nationale et a été longtemps très estimé des Coptes, a pu en arriver là. Pour répondre à cette question, il faut revenir quelques années en arrière et suivre deux mouvements importants: la renaissance copte et la montée de l'extrémisme musulman. Ce dernier mouvement prêchait Ie retour aux sources de l'Islam et militait en faveur d"une société qui n'aurait pour constitution que Ie Coran. La conséquence en était que ses adeptes s'adonnaient à toutes sortes de violences contre leurs compatriotes chrétiens. Mais ceux-ci, plus conscients que jamais de leur identité et guidés par Ie patriarche Chenouda, ne craignaient pas de réclamer leurs droits et s'opposaient aux attaques souvent sanglantes des extrémistes.
Stappen op de weg naar eenheid
Authors: Krijnsen C. 
Published: March 2023

Etapes sur la route de lʼunité
Le rapport du Groupe de travail II, accepté unanimement par lʼassemblée du Conseil Oecuménique des Eglises à Vancouver, Canada, ne se perd pas dans des spéculations abstraites sur lʼunité chrétienne, mais fixe son attention sur quelques pas concrets qui dès maintenant pourraient et devraient être mis sur la route de lʼunité. Dans cet article, après un exposé introductif de la „vision eucharistique” de Vancouver, trois de ces pas sont considérés de plus près. En premier lieu, les Eglises sont invitées à sʼengager dans un processus de „réception” du document de Lima, Baptême, eucharistie et ministère, processus qui doit créer entre elles des liens plus étroits. Ensuite, lʼassemblée approuve le programme dʼétude proposé par la Commission de Foi et Constitution qui, sous le nom Vers une expression commune de la foi apostolique aujourdʼhui, aspire à une synthèse vivante entre les symboles de foi de lʼancienne Eglise et les formules de foi contemporaines. Enfin, la même Commission est appelée à monter un autre programme dʼétude: Lʼunité de lʼEglise et le renouveau de la communauté humaine. Ce projet a pour but dʼéclaircir théologiquement la relation entre le rétablissement de lʼunité chrétienne et la solution des problèmes auxquels le monde actuel se voit confronté.
De paashymnen van Efrem de Syriër
Authors: Rouwhorst G. 
Published: March 2023

Les hymnes pascales dʼEphrem le Syrien
Cet article porte sur les hymnes pascales dʼEphrem de Nisibe. Après quelques remarques rapides sur la vie dʼEphrem, sur son oeuvre et ses intuitions théologiques - notamment celles qui sont sous-jacentes à lʼemploi fréquent de symboles et dʼantithèses - lʼauteur entend dégager les thèmes principaux des hymnes pascales. Ce sont: la victoire de lʼagneau pascal en Egypte résultant en la libération du peuple juif hors de lʼEgypte; la „Passion” du Seigneur, à partir de la Cène jusquʼà lʼAscension; la célébration annuelle de la fête pascale par lʼEglise. Une remarque sʼimpose sur le deuxième de ces thèmes - qui, du reste, est le thème-clé-: la Résurrection joue un rôle très subordonné, surtout par rapport à la mort et à la descente et la victoire au shéol. Cela amène lʼauteur à rapprocher les hymnes pascales de la douzième Démonstration dʼAphraate - un autre auteur syriaque, contemporain dʼEphrem -, texte qui semble présupposer une célébration pascale assez curieuse, à savoir un triduum durant du vendredi jusquʼà la nuit du samedi au dimanche dont le moment le plus important nʼest pas la nuit de la résurrection, mais le jour de la mort, le vendredi. Il est probable quʼ Ephrem lui-aussi ait connu une telle „Pâque du vendredi”. Finalement lʼauteur émet lʼhypothèse quʼavant dʼavoir connu cette célébration, les églises dʼAphraate et dʼEphrem aient été quartodécimanes, c.-à.-d. quʼelles aient célébré la fête pascale dans la nuit du 14 au 15 Nisan.
Symeon de Nieuwe Theoloog 949-1022. Politieke en sociale ideeën van een mysticus I
Authors: van der Aalst A.J. 
Published: March 2023

Syméon le Nouveau Théologien 949-1022. Idées politiques et sociales dʼun mystique I
En deux articles lʼauteur veut essayer de montrer une certaine connexion entre la doctrine mystique de Syméon et ses idées politiques et sociales. Après avoir esquissé la vie de Syméon, ce premier article traite de sa conception théologique, de sa mystique, et de la résistance quʼelle a provoquée. Sa doctrine suit en grandes lignes la tradition grécobyzantine mais présente aussi des accents particuliers. Syméon insiste fréquemment sur le fait que la vision de Dieu est possible dès cette vie et quʼelle doit être une expérience consciente de lʼEsprit Saint. Pour la décrire Syméon utilise plus que personne dʼautre le symbolisme de la lumière. Le Saint Esprit est la clé pour comprendre lʼEcriture et Il forme dans la tradition une chaîne de saints qui rendent témoignage de sa présence. Sans la possession de cet Esprit, les évêques, prêtres et théologiens sant privés de toute autorité. Et les sacrements nʼont de valeur que pour autant quʼils sont vecteurs de lʼEsprit. Syméon est convaincu de posséder lui-même lʼEsprit, reçu par lʼintermédiaire de son père spirituel. Cette conception théologique allait à lʼencontre de la théologie plus intellectuelle et officielle dont lʼadversaire de Syméon. Etienne de Nicomédie, semble être le représentant. Syméon sera accusé de rendre un culte publique à son père spirituel après la mort de ce dernier. Il sera traduit devant le synode qui le condamnera et le bannira de Constantinople, la capitale de lʼempire. La question se pose si la vie de Syméon, sa conception de la vie spirituelle ainsi que la résistance quʼil éprouve sant liées à ses idées politiques et sociales ou à lʼabsence de ces idées. Ce sera le sujet dʼun autre article.