bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Densification behavior and attrition resistance of porous Al2O3beads prepared by dripping‐ice templating
Authors: Hou Zhaoping , Yang Xinhe , Tian Zihan , Liu Liangliang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPorous Al2O3ceramic beads with a small‐scale lamellar pore structure were prepared by the dripping‐ice templating method. The densification behavior of lamellar walls and the attrition resistance of porous Al2O3beads were investigated. For the two‐dimensional structural lamellar walls, the intrinsic pores shrunk, and the necking area grew during the sintering process, leading to the densification of lamellar walls and the shrinking of porous beads. In addition, the two‐dimensional lamellar walls and three‐dimensional Al2O3bulk are compared and possibilities of elaborating of the discrepancy in grain size and pore morphology are discussed. Attrition resistance was determined by a grinding test. The dominant attrition mechanism of porous Al2O3beads is abrasion. High sintering temperature led to a decrease in the attrition rate due to a wider necking area and denser pore walls.
Digital assessment of peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirate smears
Authors: Lewis Joshua E. , Pozdnyakova Olga 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe diagnosis of benign and neoplastic hematologic disorders relies on analysis of peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirate smears. As demonstrated by the widespread laboratory adoption of hematology analyzers for automated assessment of peripheral blood, digital analysis of these samples provides many significant benefits compared to relying solely on manual review. Nonetheless, analogous instruments for digital bone marrow aspirate smear assessment have yet to be clinically implemented. In this review, we first provide a historical overview detailing the implementation of hematology analyzers for digital peripheral blood assessment in the clinical laboratory, including the improvements in accuracy, scope, and throughput of current instruments over prior generations. We also describe recent research in digital peripheral blood assessment, particularly in the development of advanced machine learning models that may soon be incorporated into commercial instruments. Next, we provide an overview of recent research in digital assessment of bone marrow aspirate smears and how these approaches could soon lead to development and clinical adoption of instrumentation for automated bone marrow aspirate smear analysis. Finally, we describe the relative advantages and provide our vision for the future of digital assessment of peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirate smears, including what improvements we can soon expect in the hematology laboratory.
Axes of heterogeneity in human tissue‐resident memory T cells
Authors: Szabo Peter A. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryTissue‐resident memory T cells (TRM) represent a dedicated layer of localized immune memory in virtually every organ throughout the human body. By virtue of their long‐term residence in disparate tissues, TRM are shaped by a myriad of site‐specific influences and exhibit remarkable heterogeneity in form and function. Here, we review the major axes by which TRM vary, including their surface phenotypes, transcriptional programming, and the tissue‐specific adaptations that accrue over their tenancy. We discuss how localization within distinct anatomic niches both within and across major organ systems shapes TRM identity and examine mechanisms and prevailing models for TRM generation. Understanding the drivers of differentiation, function and maintenance of the various subpopulations that together define the TRM lineage may hold the key to unlocking the full potential of TRM to promote localized and protective tissue immunity throughout the body.
Get me out of here: Sphingosine 1‐phosphate signaling and T cell exit from tissues during an immune response
Authors: Hallisey Victoria M. , Schwab Susan R. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryDuring an immune response, the duration of T cell residence in lymphoid and non‐lymphoid tissues likely affects T cell activation, differentiation, and memory development. The factors that govern T cell transit through inflamed tissues remain incompletely understood, but one important determinant of T cell exit from tissues is sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) signaling. In homeostasis, S1P levels are high in blood and lymph compared to lymphoid organs, and lymphocytes follow S1P gradients out of tissues into circulation using varying combinations of five G‐protein coupled S1P receptors. During an immune response, both the shape of S1P gradients and the expression of S1P receptors are dynamically regulated. Here we review what is known, and key questions that remain unanswered, about how S1P signaling is regulated in inflammation and in turn how S1P shapes immune responses.
Incidence, hospitalization, and mortality in children aged 5 years and younger with respiratory syncytial virus‐related diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Duan Yuping , Jiang Mingyue , Huang Qiangru , Jia Mengmeng , Yang Weizhong , Feng Luzhao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in young children. We aimed to analyze the factors affecting the estimation of RSV‐related disease burden, and to provide evidence to help establish a surveillance system.MethodsWe searched the English‐ and Chinese‐language databases for articles published between January 1, 2010 and June 2, 2022. The quality of the included articles was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality scale. Random‐effects models were used for data synthesis and subgroup analyses. This review was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42022372972).ResultsWe included 44 studies (149,321,171 participants), all of which were of medium or high quality. The pooled RSV‐related disease incidence, hospitalization rate, in‐hospital mortality, and overall mortality rates in children aged 5 years and younger were 9.0 per 100 children per year (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.0–11.0), 1.7 per 100 children per year (95% CI: 1.3–2.1), 0.5 per 100 children per year (95% CI: 0.4–0.5), and 0.05 per 100 children per year (95% CI: 0.04–0.06), respectively. Age, economics, surveillance types, case definition, and data source were all recognized as influencing factors.ConclusionsA standardized and unified RSV surveillance system is required. Case definition and surveillance types should be fully considered for surveillance of different age groups.
Abuse of social care clients committed by nurses and other social service employees—Analysis of employees' reports
Authors: Härkänen Marja , Koskiniemi Saija , Syyrilä Tiina , Ranta Jouko , Säilä Minna , Mäntymaa Mia , Pehkonen Aini , Vehviläinen‐Julkunen Katri 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to describe the alleged abuse of social care clients committed by nurses and other social services employees and actions as well as sanctions that followed the alleged abuse.DesignA retrospective study using a descriptive qualitative analysis.MethodsThe data comprised mandatory reports made by social service employees under the Social Welfare Act. This study focused on the reported abuses of clients (n = 75) by social services employees from 11 October 2016 to 31 December 2020 in Finland. The data were analysed using inductive content analysis and quantification.ResultsThe majority of the reports were submitted practical nurses and other nursing personnel and by registered nurses. The severity of the abuse was most often mild or moderate. The most common abusers were nurses. The types of alleged abuse committed by professionals were as follows: (1) neglect of care, (2) physical violence/strong‐arm treatments, (3) neglect of hygiene, (4) inappropriate or threatening behaviour and (5) sexual abuse. The actions and sanctions that followed the alleged abuse were: (1) discussing the situation together, requesting an explanation, initiating hearing or defining developmental measures, (2) initiating disciplinary actions and providing verbal or written warnings, (3) dismissing or terminating the employee and (4) initiating a police investigation.ConclusionNurses are an important group working in social services and might also be involved in cases of abuse.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareIt is important that risks, wrongdoings and abuses are reported. Transparent reporting indicates strong professional ethics.ImpactKnowledge about abuse in social services from the viewpoint of nursing is important for ensuring the quality and safety of services.Reporting MethodThe Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research guideline was followed.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
First record of bottom‐feeding behaviour in the whale shark (Rhincodon typus)
Authors: Whitehead Darren A. , Gayford Joel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite being the world's largest fish, many questions remain regarding the ecology and behaviour of the whale shark (Rhincodon typus). We present the first direct evidence of whale sharks engaging in bottom‐feeding behaviour and provide potential explanations for this foraging strategy. We suggest that whale sharks actively feed on benthic prey, either predominantly in deepwater environments or where the abundance of such prey exceeds that of planktonic food sources. We also highlight the potential for ecotourism and citizen science projects to contribute to our understanding of marine megafauna behavioural ecology.
Precision medicine in rare diseases: What is next?
Authors: Tesi Bianca , Boileau Catherine , Boycott Kym M. , Canaud Guillaume , Caulfield Mark , Choukair Daniela , Hill Sue , Spielmann Malte , Wedell Anna , Wirta Valtteri , Nordgren Ann , Lindstrand Anna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMolecular diagnostics is a cornerstone of modern precision medicine, broadly understood as tailoring an individual's treatment, follow‐up, and care based on molecular data. In rare diseases (RDs), molecular diagnoses reveal valuable information about the cause of symptoms, disease progression, familial risk, and in certain cases, unlock access to targeted therapies. Due to decreasing DNA sequencing costs, genome sequencing (GS) is emerging as the primary method for precision diagnostics in RDs. Several ongoing European initiatives for precision medicine have chosen GS as their method of choice. Recent research supports the role for GS as first‐line genetic investigation in individuals with suspected RD, due to its improved diagnostic yield compared to other methods. Moreover, GS can detect a broad range of genetic aberrations including those in noncoding regions, producing comprehensive data that can be periodically reanalyzed for years to come when further evidence emerges. Indeed, targeted drug development and repurposing of medicines can be accelerated as more individuals with RDs receive a molecular diagnosis. Multidisciplinary teams in which clinical specialists collaborate with geneticists, genomics education of professionals and the public, and dialogue with patient advocacy groups are essential elements for the integration of precision medicine into clinical practice worldwide. It is also paramount that large research projects share genetic data and leverage novel technologies to fully diagnose individuals with RDs. In conclusion, GS increases diagnostic yields and is a crucial step toward precision medicine for RDs. Its clinical implementation will enable better patient management, unlock targeted therapies, and guide the development of innovative treatments.
Value of patient decision aids for shared decision‐making in kidney failure
Authors: van Eck van der Sluijs Anita , Vonk Sanne , Bonenkamp Anna A. , Prantl Karen , Riemann Aase T. , van Jaarsveld Brigit C. , Abrahams Alferso C. ,   DOMESTICO study group
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundIt is unknown how often Dutch patient decision aids are used during kidney failure treatment modality education and what their impact is on shared decision‐making.ObjectivesWe determined the use of Three Good Questions, ‘Overviews of options’, and Dutch Kidney Guide by kidney healthcare professionals. Also, we determined patient‐experienced shared decision‐making. Finally, we determined whether the experience of shared decision‐making among patients changed after a training workshop for healthcare professionals.DesignQuality improvement study.ParticipantsHealthcare professionals answered questionnaires regarding education/patient decision aids. Patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate <20 mL/min/1.73 m2 completed shared decision‐making questionnaires. Data were analysed with one‐way analysis of variance and linear regression.ResultsOf 117 healthcare professionals, 56% applied shared decision‐making by discussing Three Good Questions (28%), ‘Overviews of options’ (31%–33%) and Kidney Guide (51%). Of 182 patients, 61%–85% was satisfied with their education. Of worst scoring hospitals regarding shared decision‐making, only 50% used ‘Overviews of options’/Kidney Guide. Of best scoring hospitals 100% used them, needed less conversations (p = 0.05), provided information about all treatment options and more often provided information at home. After the workshop, patients' shared decision‐making scores remained unchanged.ConclusionsThe use of specifically developed patient decision aids during kidney failure treatment modality education is limited. Hospitals that did use them had higher shared decision‐making scores. However, the degree of shared decision‐making experienced by patients remained unchanged after healthcare professionals were trained on shared decision‐making and the implementation of patient decision aids.
Basal forebrain parvalbumin neurons modulate vigilant attention and rescue deficits produced by sleep deprivation
Authors: Schiffino Felipe L. , McNally James M. , Maness Eden B. , McKenna James T. , Brown Ritchie E. , Strecker Robert E. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryAttention is impaired in many neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as by sleep disruption, leading to decreased workplace productivity and increased risk of accidents. Thus, understanding the neural substrates is important. Here we test the hypothesis that basal forebrain neurons that contain the calcium‐binding protein parvalbumin modulate vigilant attention in mice. Furthermore, we test whether increasing the activity of basal forebrain parvalbumin neurons can rescue the deleterious effects of sleep deprivation on vigilance. A lever release version of the rodent psychomotor vigilance test was used to assess vigilant attention. Brief and continuous low‐power optogenetic excitation (1 s, 473 nm @ 5 mW) or inhibition (1 s, 530 nm @ 10 mW) of basal forebrain parvalbumin neurons was used to test the effect on attention, as measured by reaction time, under control conditions and following 8 hr of sleep deprivation by gentle handling. Optogenetic excitation of basal forebrain parvalbumin neurons that preceded the cue light signal by 0.5 s improved vigilant attention as indicated by quicker reaction times. By contrast, both sleep deprivation and optogenetic inhibition slowed reaction times. Importantly, basal forebrain parvalbumin excitation rescued the reaction time deficits in sleep‐deprived mice. Control experiments using a progressive ratio operant task confirmed that optogenetic manipulation of basal forebrain parvalbumin neurons did not alter motivation. These findings reveal for the first time a role for basal forebrain parvalbumin neurons in attention, and show that increasing their activity can compensate for disruptive effects of sleep deprivation.
Application of machine learning models to animal health pharmacovigilance: A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Whittle Edward , Novotny Mark J. , McCaul Sean P. , Moeller Fabian , Junk Malte , Giraldo Camilo , O'Gorman Michael , de Chenu Christian , Dzavan Pavol 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMachine learning (ML) models were applied to pharmacovigilance (PV) data in a two‐component proof‐of‐concept study. PV data were partitioned into Training, Validation, and Holdout datasets for model training and selection. During the first component ML models were challenged to identify factors in individual case safety reports (ICSRs) involving spinosad and neurological and ocular clinical signs. The target feature for the models were these clinical signs that were disproportionately reported for spinosad. The endpoints were normalized coefficient values representing the relationship between the target feature and ICSR free text fields. The deployed model accurately identified the risk factors “demodectic,” “demodicosis,” and “ivomec.” In the second component, the ML models were trained to identify high quality and complete ICSRs free of confounders. The deployed model was presented with an external Test dataset of six ICSRs, one that was complete, of high quality, and devoid of confounders, and five that were not. The endpoints were model‐generated probabilities for the ICSRs. The deployed ML model accurately identified the ICSR of interest with a greater than 10‐fold higher probability score. Although narrow in scope, the study supports further investigation and potential application of ML models to animal health PV data.
Planning and optimization of green infrastructures for stormwater management: The case of Tehran West Bus Terminal
Authors: Saeedi Iman , Mikaeili Tabrizi Ali Reza , Bahremand Abdolreza , Salmanmahiny Abdolrassoul 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGreen Infrastructures as Best Management Practice (GI‐BMP) play important role in preserving cities from urban flood and excessive runoff. In the process of using GI‐BMP in cities for stormwater management, a number of steps are taken that normally include selection of suitable sites, formulating proper combination of infrastructures, and optimization of the place and design of GI‐BMPs to maximize their cost‐effectiveness. This paper presents a site‐scale GI‐BMP implementation in Tehran West Bus Terminal (TWBT), Iran. To achieve this goal, this study applies a three steps framework namely GI‐BMP suitability analysis, GI‐BMP combination planning, and GI‐BMP optimization. In the first step, using the BMP Siting Tool, the suitable places for allocating GI practices were identified. In the next step, suitable GI‐BMP practices, including permeable pavements, bioretention basin, infiltration trench, and rain barrel were planned and arranged for each subwatersheds of the study area. In the third step, with the use of System for Urban Stormwater Treatment and Analysis Integration (SUSTAIN) model and NSGA‐II algorithm, the sizes of the planned GI‐BMP types were optimized for each subwatershed. The results indicate that runoff problem caused by surface runoff in the study area was serious and needed to be controlled. The results also revealed that there were 104 near‐optimal solutions that help reduce runoff volume by up to 70%. According to the results, applying GI‐BMPs in TWBT will reduce 60% of flow volume in the site with the price of 353,568$. This research is of practical importance for stormwater management using nature‐based solutions in bus terminals.
Information Equivalence among Transformations of Semi‐parametric Nonlinear Panel Data Models*
Authors: Brown Nicholas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper considers transformations of nonlinear semi‐parametric mean functions that yield moment conditions for estimation. Such transformations are said to be information equivalent if they yield the same asymptotic efficiency bound. I derive a unified theory of algebraic equivalence for moment conditions created by a given linear transformation. The main equivalence result states that under standard regularity conditions, transformations that create conditional moment restrictions in a given empirical setting need only to have an equal rank to reach the same efficiency bound. I compare feasible and infeasible transformations of both nonlinear models with multiplicative heterogeneity and linear models with unobserved factor structures.
Association of carotid intima‐media thickness with periodontitis may depend on glycemic control
Authors: Yang Hong , Cao Pei , Wang Xiaoxia , Xu Xiao , Yang Yifan , Xue Fei , Luan Qingxian , Guo Lixin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is evidence indicating that atherosclerosis is associated with periodontitis, especially in those with diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether glycemic control influences such association.MethodsCross‐sectional data on 214 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus were obtained including results of basic laboratory tests, a periodontal examination, and carotid measurements. The association of periodontal parameters and carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT) or carotid plaque (CP) was evaluated in subgroups.ResultsMean cIMT was significantly correlated with mean PLI, mean BI or number of PD ≥4 mm in the whole sample and the group with poor glycemic control. In the group with good glycemic control, however, only the number of PD ≥4 mm was associated with mean cIMT. A multiple logistic regression analysis also revealed that each 1 increase in mean PLI, mean BI or number of PD ≥4 mm was correlated with an increased cIMT in the whole sample.ConclusionsIn addition to confirming the relationship between periodontitis and atherosclerosis, our study found a stronger association in groups with poor glycemic control compared to those with good glycemic control, suggesting that blood glucose modifies the association between periodontitis and arterial injury.
Neurophysiological Effects of Repeated Soccer Heading in Youth
Authors: Huber Colin M. , Patton Declan A. , Rownd Kathryn R. , Patterson Gentile Carlyn , Master Christina L. , Arbogast Kristy B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRepeated head loading in sports is associated with negative long-term brain health, and there is growing evidence of short-term neurophysiological changes after repeated soccer heading. The objective of this study was to quantify the head kinematics and effects of repetitive soccer headers in adolescents using an instrumented mouthguard. Adolescent soccer players aged 13–18 years were randomly assigned to a kicking control, frontal heading, or oblique heading group. Participants completed neurophysiological assessments at three-time points: immediately prior to, immediately after, and approximately 24 h after completing 10 headers or kicks. The suite of assessments included the Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory, visio-vestibular exam, King-Devick test, modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance with force plate sway measurement, pupillary light reflex, and visual evoked potential. Data were collected for 19 participants (17 male). Frontal headers resulted in significantly higher peak resultant linear acceleration (17.4 ± 0.5 g) compared to oblique headers (12.1 ± 0.4 g, p &lt; 0.001), and oblique headers resulted in significantly higher peak resultant angular acceleration (frontal: 1147 ± 45 rad/s2, oblique: 1410 ± 65 rad/s2, p &lt; 0.001). There were no neurophysiological deficits for either heading group or significant differences from controls at either post-heading timepoint, and therefore, a bout of repeated headers did not result in changes in the neurophysiological measures evaluated in this study. The current study provided data regarding the direction of headers with the goal to reduce the risk of repetitive head loading for adolescent athletes.