bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Light‐Enabled Access to α‐Boryl Radicals: Application in the Stereodivergent Synthesis of Allyl Boronic Esters**
Authors: Marotta Alessandro , Fang Hao , Adams Callum E. , Sun Marcus Kailey , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Molloy John J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOperationally simple strategies to assemble boron containing organic frameworks are highly enabling in organic synthesis. While conventional retrosynthetic logic has engendered many platforms focusing on the direct formation of C−B bonds, α‐boryl radicals have recently reemerged as versatile open‐shell alternatives to access organoborons via adjacent C−C bond formation. Direct light‐enabled α‐activation is currently contingent on photo‐ or transition metal‐catalysis activation to efficiently generate radical species. Here, we disclose a facile activation of α‐halo boronic esters using only visible light and a simple Lewis base to enable homolytic scission. Intermolecular addition to styrenes facilitates the rapid construction of highly versatileE‐allylic boronic esters. The simplicity of activation permits the strategic merger of this construct with selective energy transfer catalysis to enable the complimentary stereodivergent synthesis ofZ‐allylic boronic esters.
Structural Evolution of Giant Polyoxometalate: From “Keplerate” to “Lantern” Type Mo132 for Improved Oxidation Catalysis
Authors: Liu Jiang , Jiang Nan , Lin Jiao‐Min , Mei Zhi‐Bin , Dong Long‐Zhang , Kuang Yi , Liu Jing‐Jing , Yao Su‐Juan , Li Shun‐Li , Lan Ya‐Qian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStructural variants of high‐nuclearity clusters are extremely important for their modular assembly study and functional expansion, yet the synthesis of such giant structural variants remains a great challenge. Herein, we prepared a lantern‐type giant polymolybdate cluster (L‐Mo132) containing equal metal nuclearity with the famous Keplerate type Mo132 (K‐Mo132). The skeleton of L‐Mo132 features a rare truncated rhombic triacontrahedron, which is totally different with the truncated icosahedral K‐Mo132. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to observe such structural variants in high‐nuclearity cluster built up of more than 100 metal atoms. Scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals that L‐Mo132 has good stability. More importantly, because the pentagonal [Mo6O27]n− building blocks in L‐Mo132 are concave instead of convex in the outer face, it contains multiple terminal coordinated water molecules on its outer surface, which make it expose more active metal sites to display superior phenol oxidation performance, which is more higher than that of K‐Mo132 coordinated in M=O bonds on the outer surface.
Directed Evolution of Piperazic Acid Incorporation by a Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase**
Authors: Stephan Philipp , Langley Chloe , Winkler Daniela , Basquin Jérôme , Caputi Lorenzo , O'Connor Sarah E. , Kries Hajo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEngineering of biosynthetic enzymes is increasingly employed to synthesize structural analogues of antibiotics. Of special interest are nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) responsible for the production of important antimicrobial peptides. Here, directed evolution of an adenylation domain of a Pro‐specific NRPS module completely switched substrate specificity to the non‐standard amino acid piperazic acid (Piz) bearing a labile N−N bond. This success was achieved by UPLC‐MS/MS‐based screening of small, rationally designed mutant libraries and can presumably be replicated with a larger number of substrates and NRPS modules. The evolved NRPS produces a Piz‐derived gramicidin S analogue. Thus, we give new impetus to the too‐early dismissed idea that widely accessible low‐throughput methods can switch the specificity of NRPSs in a biosynthetically useful fashion.
Synthesis and performance of hydroxyl‐terminated polysiloxane‐modified polyurethane acrylate films as potential flexible hydrophobic materials
Authors: Zhao Min , Yang Mingda , Omoniyi Ahmed Olalekan , Xu Jiatong , Zhou Yang , Zou Chenyang , Zhang Jianfu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHydrophobic materials possess exceptional properties, making them extensively useful in daily production and life. However, developing low‐cost and flexible hydrophobic materials remains a challenging task. In this study, a series of composite emulsions were prepared by introducing hydroxyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane as a modifier into polyurethane acrylate via a solvent‐free approach. The composite emulsions were then used to fabricate polymer films using the solvent evaporation technique. The effects of varying siloxane content on the properties of composite emulsions and polymer membranes were examined. The results showed that increasing the siloxane content improved the hydrophobic properties and flexibility of the film materials. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the introduction of the SiOSi group into the polyurethane chain structure, the absorption peak for asymmetric stretching vibration of SiOSi is at 1100 cm−1. The mechanical properties test revealed that the film had excellent elongation at break (278.96 ± 0.01%), and a hydrophobic surface with a contact angle of 101.94° was obtained. The composite materials showed improved water resistance and thermal stability with the increase in siloxane content. The hydrophobic film is a promising material for application in decoration, architecture, and flexible wearable devices.
The sustainable recycling of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane for tribological application
Authors: Liang Lifen , Ma Yalong , Ji Xianbing , Ma Jizhong , Zhang Wenli , Song Laizhou 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the study, the waste polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes were recovered and the obtained resin powders by a solvent recovery method were employed for the fabrication of a novel PVDF‐based tribological composite. Herein, a new strategy was developed for applying the waste PVDF membranes to fabricate a self‐lubricant composite, where the recycled PVDF powders acted as the polymer matrix and microcapsules with the configuration of polysulfone (PSF) capsuling lubricant oil (PAO) served as the filler. The morphologies, crystal phases, chemical components and groups as well as thermal stabilities of fabricated PAO@PSF/PVDF composites were characterized, and the self‐lubricating and wear properties of fabricated composites were tested under the dry sliding condition using a ball‐on‐disc configuration. Experimental results suggest that the PAO@PSF/PVDF composite with an addition of 20 wt% PAO@PSF microcapsules exhibits the best tribological properties, in view of the lowest friction coefficient (0.077) and the smallest wear rate (2.34 × 10−15 m3/Nm). The incorporation of PAO@PSF microcapsules greatly reduces the friction coefficient of PVDF polymer. The tribological properties of fabricated PAO@PSF/PVDF composite will be expectable to that of the PVDF polymer with the dripping presence of lubricating oil.
Automated grading of anatomical objective structured practical examinations using decision trees: An artificial intelligence approach
Authors: Bernard Jason , Sonnadara Ranil , Saraco Anthony N. , Mitchell Josh P. , Bak Alex B. , Bayer Ilana , Wainman Bruce C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) is an effective and robust, but resource‐intensive, means of evaluating anatomical knowledge. Since most OSPEs employ short answer or fill‐in‐the‐blank style questions, the format requires many people familiar with the content to mark the examinations. However, the increasing prevalence of online delivery for anatomy and physiology courses could result in students losing the OSPE practice that they would receive in face‐to‐face learning sessions. The purpose of this study was to test the accuracy of Decision Trees (DTs) in marking OSPE questions as a first step to creating an intelligent, online OSPE tutoring system. The study used the results of the winter 2020 semester final OSPE from McMaster University's anatomy and physiology course in the Faculty of Health Sciences (HTHSCI 2FF3/2LL3/1D06) as the data set. Ninety percent of the data set was used in a 10‐fold validation algorithm to train a DT for each of the 54 questions. Each DT was comprised of unique words that appeared in correct, student‐written answers. The remaining 10% of the data set was marked by the generated DTs. When the answers marked by the DT were compared to the answers marked by staff and faculty, the DT achieved an average accuracy of 94.49% across all 54 questions. This suggests that machine learning algorithms such as DTs are a highly effective option for OSPE grading and are suitable for the development of an intelligent, online OSPE tutoring system.
Melatonin mitigates type 1 diabetes‐aggravated cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury through anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic effects
Authors: Xu Qian , Cheung Raymond Tak Fai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionCerebral ischemia and diabetes mellitus (DM) are common diseases that often coexist and interact with each other. DM doubles the risk of ischemic stroke, and cerebral ischemia causes stress‐induced hyperglycemia. Most experimental stroke studies used healthy animals. Melatonin is neuroprotective against cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury (CIRI) in non‐DM, normoglycemic animals through anti‐oxidant effect, anti‐inflammation, and anti‐apoptosis. Previous studies have also reported a negative correlation between hyperglycemia and urinary melatonin metabolite.ObjectivesThe present study investigated the effects of type 1 DM (T1DM) on CIRI in rats and the role of melatonin against CIRI in T1DM animals.ResultsOur results revealed that T1DM aggravated CIRI, leading to greater weight loss, increased infarct volume, and worse neurological deficit. T1DM aggravated the post‐CIRI activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway and increase in pro‐apoptotic markers. A single intraperitoneal injection of melatonin at 10 mg/kg given 30 min before ischemia onset attenuated CIRI in T1DM rats, resulting in less weight loss, decreased infarct volume, and milder neurological deficit when compared with the vehicle group. Melatonin treatment achieved anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic effects with reduced NF‐κB pathway activation, reduced mitochondrial cytochrome C release, decreased calpain‐mediated spectrin breakdown product (SBDP), and decreased caspase‐3‐mediated SBDP. The treatment also led to fewer iNOS+ cells, milder CD‐68+ macrophage/microglia infiltration, decreased TUNEL+ apoptotic cells, and better neuronal survival.ConclusionsT1DM aggravates CIRI. Melatonin treatment is neuroprotective against CIRI in T1DM rats via anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic effects.
Innovations in healthcare delivery: Human papilloma virus self sampling diagnostics and participatory innovations for CCS
Authors: Osei Evans Appiah 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major contributor to the development of cervical cancer, resulting in over 500,000 cases and 266,000 deaths annually worldwide. Previous cervical cancer screening programs have been successful in reducing cervical cancer rates, but have faced challenges such as low acceptance and adherence rates. Innovations in screening technology, such as the HerSwab self‐sampling test, have the potential to increase awareness, acceptance, and participation in cervical cancer screening programs.AimThis literature review examines the effectiveness of HerSwab and participatory innovations in increasing adherence to cervical cancer screening.MethodThis manuscript comprised a comprehensive narrative literature review encompassing the years 2006–2022. The review process adhered to the PRISMA diagram as a guiding framework. Among the search terms utilized, a total of 200 articles were initially retrieved. However, after applying the predefined inclusion criteria, only 57 articles were included.ResultsThe HerSwab self‐sampling test is described, including how it is performed, challenges, and facilitators, and evaluation and assessment of its effectiveness. While the HerSwab diagnostic test is not currently widely available, studies should assess its feasibility in less developed countries where cervical cancer mortality rates are high.ConclusionBy increasing awareness and availability of innovative screening techniques, such as HerSwab, we can work toward reducing the incidence of cervical cancer and improving outcomes for women worldwide.
Effects of fear of cancer recurrence on subjective physical and mental health in breast cancer patients: The intermediary role of heart rate variability
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Cai Yinlian , Yu Sheng , Tang Lingxue , Li Wen , Yao Senbang , Zheng Xucai , Liu Jianjun , Chen Gongpu , Gan Chen , Xu Jian , Cheng Huaidong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundFear of cancer recurrence (FCR) and psychological distress are common psychological problems in breast cancer (BC) patients and ultimately affecting their health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). Heart rate variability (HRV) can reflect the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system. However, the pathways through which HRV influences between FCR and HRQoL are unclear. This study preliminarily explored the intermediary role of HRV in FCR and HRQoL in BC patients.MethodsA total of 101 BC patients participated in this study. HRV parameters were measured by a 5‐min dynamic electrocardiogram. FCR, psychological distress and HRQoL were evaluated by the Fear of disease progression simplified scale (FOP‐Q‐SF), Distress thermometer and SF‐36 concise health survey. The intermediary effect model was established to test the intermediary effect of high frequency‐HRV (HF‐HRV) on FCR and HRQoL.ResultsFCR and psychological distress were negatively correlated with HRV in the time domain, negatively correlated with HF‐HRV in the frequency domain, and positively correlated with low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF). HF‐HRV had a partial mediating effect on the FCR and physical health and mental health, with effects of 30.23% and 9.53%, respectively.ConclusionFCR and psychological distress are correlated with HRV parameters in the time domain and the frequency domain, and we preliminarily believe that parasympathetic nerves play an important intermediary role between FCR and subjective physical and mental health. This may provide intervention information for improving the HRQoL of BC patients.
Curcumin inhibits human cancer cell growth and migration through downregulation of SVCT2
Authors: Jang Soon Young , Kim Jiyun , Hong Eunbi , Lee Kyuri , Na Yuran , Yeom Chang‐Hwan , Park Seyeon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCurcumin is a natural polyphenol that is extracted from the rhizomes of the turmeric plant (Curcuma longa), a member of the ginger family. It has been used for centuries in traditional Indian and Chinese medicine for its medicinal properties, including anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor effects. SVCT2 (Solute Carrier Family 23 Member 2, also known as SLC23A2) is a protein that plays a role in the transport of Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) into cells. SVCT2 plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis, however, the molecular mechanisms of curcumin on SVCT2 have not been studied to date. Curcumin treatment inhibited proliferation and migration of cancer cells in a dose dependent manner. We found that curcumin reduced the expression of SVCT2 in cancer cells with a wild type p53, but not in those with a mutant type of p53. SVCT2 downregulation also reduced the MMP2 activity. Taken together, our results indicate that curcumin inhibited human cancer cell growth and migration by regulating SVCT2 through a downregulating p53. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of curcumin's anticancer effects and potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of metastatic migration.
Quasi‐Solid‐State Composite Electrolytes with Multifunctional 2D Molecular Brush Fillers for Long‐Cycling Lithium Metal Batteries†
Authors: Cui Yin , Yu Guofang , Liu Ruliang , Miao Dongtian , Wu Dingcai 
Published: June 2023

Comprehensive SummaryThe ever‐growing demand for next‐generation high‐energy‐density devices drives the development of lithium metal batteries with enough safety and high performance, in which quasi‐solid‐state composite electrolytes (QSCEs) with high ionic conductivity and lithium ion transference number () are highly desirable. Herein, we successfully synthesize a kind of two‐dimensional (2D) molecular brush (GO‐g‐PFIL) via grafting poly(ionic liquid) side‐chain (poly(3‐(3,3,4,4,4‐pentafluorobutyl)‐1‐vinyl‐1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide), denoted as PFIL) on the surface of 2D graphene oxide (GO) sheet. GO‐g‐PFIL is used as multifunctional filler to prepare novel composite membranes and corresponding QSCEs (e.g., QSCE‐PH/GPFIL3/P). The as‐obtained QSCE‐PH/GPFIL3/P integrates features of PFIL side‐chain‐enhanced lithium ion conduction, poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropene) backbone‐induced flexibility, and GO‐strengthened mechanical property. As a result, our ultrathin (21 μm) self‐supporting QSCE‐PH/GPFIL3/P exhibits high ionic conductivity (3.24 × 10−4 S·cm−1) and excellent (0.82) at room temperature, and Li/LFP full cell with QSCE‐PH/GPFIL3/P shows superior rate performance (high specific capacities of 79 mAh·g−1 at 30 °C and 5 C) and excellent cycling performance (high capacity retention of 91% after 500 cycles at 80 °C and 1 C).
Identification of Balanol As a Potential Inhibitor of PAK1 That Induces Apoptosis and Cytoprotective Autophagy in Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Liu Yi , Zou Yuling , Huang Yunli , Chen Siwei , Zhang Lan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract, often accompanied by poor prognosis and high incidence and mortality. p21 activated kinases (PAKs) have been used as therapeutic targets because of their central role in many oncogenic signaling networks. By exploring tumor databases, we found that PAK1 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer, and therefore, PAK1‐targeted inhibition is a new potential therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer. We identified that Balanol (compound 6, DB04098) can effectively target PAK1 by high‐throughput virtual screening. In vitro, compound 6 exhibited favorable PAK1 inhibition with potent anti‐proliferative and anti‐migration activity in SW480 cells. Additionally, we also found that compound 6 induced apoptosis and cytoprotective autophagy in SW480 cells. Together, these results indicate that compound 6 is a potential novel PAK1 inhibitor, which would be utilized as a candidate compound for future CRC treatment.
A Multiconformational Transition State Theory Approach to OH Tropospheric Degradation of Fluorotelomer Aldehydes
Authors: Viegas Luís P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExperimental work on the OH‐initiated oxidation reactions of fluorotelomer aldehydes (FTALs) strongly suggests that the respective rate coefficients do not depend on the size of the CxF2x+1 fluoroalkyl chain. FTALs hence represent a challenging test to our multiconformer transition state theory (MC‐TST) protocol based on constrained transition state randomization (CTSR), since the calculated rate coefficients should not show significant variations with increasing values of
. In this work we apply the MC‐TST/CTSR protocol to the
cases and calculate both rate coefficients at 298.15 K with a value of
cm3 molecule−1 s−1, practically coincident with the recommended experimental value of kexp=
cm3 molecule−1 s−1. We also show that the use of tunneling corrections based on improved semiclassical TST is critical in obtaining Arrhenius‐Kooij curves with a correct behavior at lower temperatures.
Transitions of Collective Motions Driven by Phase Resetting
Authors: Teng Rui , Li Yang , Ren Lin , Ma Juan , Epstein Irving R. , Gao Qingyu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Prof. Gao's group. The image shows the motion patterns transition of the active gel group under the step light intensity, which describes the mechanism of a new collective emergence structure. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202300054.
A balloon‐assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection using long colonoscope and guidewire
Authors: Watahiki Yu , Kawashima Kazumasa , Hikichi Takuto , Takagi Tadayuki , Onizawa Michio , Gunji Naohiko , Watanabe Chiharu , Wada Jun , Oka Yuka , Hashimoto Yuko , Ohira Hiromasa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBalloon‐assisted endoscopy enables stable endoscopic maneuverability. Balloon‐assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection (BA‐ESD) is useful in the treatment of proximal colorectal tumors where scope maneuverability is poor. Herein, we reported a case in which BA‐ESD was successfully performed using a long colonoscope with a guidewire, although the lesion could not be reached using the balloon‐assisted endoscopy technique with a therapeutic colonoscopy.A 50‐year‐old man underwent a colonoscopy that revealed a tumor in the ascending colon. BA‐ESD was performed using a conventional therapeutic endoscope due to excessive intestinal elongation and poor endoscopic maneuverability. However, the transverse colon loop could not be reduced, and the total colonoscopy failed despite using balloon‐assisted endoscopy. The scope was then changed from a conventional colonoscope to a long colonoscope, inserted into the terminal ileum, and the loop was reduced. After the guidewire was placed at the terminal ileum and the long colonoscope was removed, a therapeutic colonoscopy with an overtube was inserted into the ascending colon without reforming the colonic loop, allowing safe BA‐ESD.