bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fourth dimension: physiological resilience as an independent determinant of endurance exercise performance
Authors: Jones Andrew M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEndurance exercise performance is known to be closely associated with the three physiological pillars of maximal O2 uptake (), economy or efficiency during submaximal exercise, and the fractional utilisation of (linked to metabolic/lactate threshold phenomena). However, while ‘start line’ values of these variables are collectively useful in predicting performance in endurance events such as the marathon, it is not widely appreciated that these variables are not static but are prone to significant deterioration as fatiguing endurance exercise proceeds. For example, the ‘critical power’ (CP), which is a composite of the highest achievable steady‐state oxidative metabolic rate and efficiency (O2 cost per watt), may fall by an average of 10% following 2 h of heavy intensity cycle exercise. Even more striking is that the extent of this deterioration displays appreciable inter‐individual variability, with changes in CP ranging from <1% to ∼32%. The mechanistic basis for such differences in fatigue resistance or ‘physiological resilience’ are not resolved. However, resilience may be important in explaining superlative endurance performance and it has implications for the physiological evaluation of athletes and the design of interventions to enhance performance. This article presents new information concerning the dynamic plasticity of the three ‘traditional’ physiological variables and argues that physiological resilience should be considered as an additional component, or fourth dimension, in models of endurance exercise performance.
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Mesoscale Cyclonic Vortices Embedded in the South Atlantic Convergence Zone Associated with Natural Disasters in the State of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Silva Joao Pedro Rodrigues , Ynoue Rita Yuri 
Published: August 2023

Natural disasters (NDs) have been observed more frequently and with increasing intensities in Brazil. The South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) is identified as one of the main meteorological systems responsible for the NDs, however, intense rainfall does not occur along its entire length but is restricted to some locations within the band of cloudiness that defines it. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze occurrences of mesoscale cyclonic vortices (MCV) in SACZ events that were associated with NDs in the state of São Paulo from 2013 to 2017 using data from the ERA5 Reanalysis, as well as to analyze one case study. To account for SACZ events, surface synoptic charts, observed and estimated precipitation data were used. ND events were selected from the Integrated Disaster Information System (S2ID) database. The methodology used by Quadro (2012) was adapted to identify MCV. The results showed 62 SACZ events, of which 28 were associated with NDs, and, of these, 10 presented MCV. The MCVs were separated into two groups: 1) MCVs in the SACZ events that showed precipitation at the location of the MCV and NDs and 2) MCVs in the SACZ events that did not show precipitation at the location of the MCV and NDs. Group 1 events were characterized by convergence at low levels and divergence at high levels of the atmosphere, vorticity values lower than -8 x 10-4 s-1 predominating at low levels (850–900 hPa), demonstrating a relationship with the highest precipitation accumulations and possibly with the occurrence of NDs. In the events of group 2, there was a predominance of negative values of vorticity in medium and high levels, the lack of a pattern in the field of divergence in the atmospheric levels, as well as lower values in the accumulated precipitation compared to the events of group 1. The case study was from January 11 to 15, 2016, associated with NDs in 8 cities. As a result, it was obtained that MCV was coupled in the atmosphere and the precipitation associated with it represented more than 37% of all the precipitation of the SACZ event, making it possible to attribute to the MCV a contribution in the occurrence of NDs caused by precipitation.
The Influences of Forest Fires on the Repellency, Mineralogy and Thermogravimetry of Soils in a Mountainous Area of the Atlantic Forest Biome - the Study Case of São Pedro da Serra, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
Authors: Mattos Bruno Souza de , Bertolino Ana Valéria Freire Allemão , Bertolino Luiz Carlos 
Published: August 2023

Landscapes are systems undergoing constant transformation, associated with different forms of environmental disturbances. Among these disturbances are fires, which depending on the magnitude and frequency can have effects with different severities. In the district of São Pedro da Serra, in the municipality of Nova Friburgo, located in the mountain region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, controlled burning is often used to prepare areas for farming. However, in certain atmospheric conditions, type of vegetation and soil moisture levels, among others, these fires can escape control. This study reports the analysis through X-ray diffractometry and thermogravimetric analysis of the characteristics of the soils in two distinct areas Area 1 (Benfica) and Area 2 (Bocaina), in the same pedological regime within the Macaé de Cima Environmental Protection Area. These two areas were affected by forest fires in different periods. We also sought to identify the severity of these fires, for which purpose we collected undeformed soil samples from depths of 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20 and 20-25 cm. The data obtained showed that the mineralogy of the sand fraction was homogeneous, but the clay fraction in Area 2, unlike Area 1, was characterized by the presence of smectite and goethite. Fire tended to have the greatest impact on the top 5 cm of soil, possibly related to the hydrophobic characteristics, which are not directly linked to the timing of the fires, but rather to their magnitudes.
Effects of a School-Based Physical Activity Intervention on Adolescents’ Mental Health: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ahmed Kazi Rumana , Horwood Sharon , Kolbe-Alexander Tracy , Khan Asaduzzaman 
Published: August 2023

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based multicomponent physical activity intervention on mental health of adolescents. Methods: A clustered, randomized, controlled trial was employed in 8 high schools in Dhaka, Bangladesh, which were randomly assigned to either an intervention or control group; 40 students in grades 8 and 9 from each school took part in the trial (n = 160/group). Students in the intervention schools participated in a 12-week physical activity intervention with multiple components (eg, supervised circuits, lunchtime sports, health education, infographics), while control schools received no intervention. Participants completed baseline and postintervention surveys measuring depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and life satisfaction (Cantril Ladder), along with other sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. Linear mixed-effects modeling was used to evaluate the intervention effects. Results: Depressive symptoms in the intervention group decreased at postintervention, but remained stable in the control group. There was an increase in life satisfaction in the intervention group and a decrease in the control group. Multivariable modeling showed that students in the intervention group had a significantly lower level of depressive symptoms (β = −4.60; 95% confidence interval, −5.76 to −3.46) and higher level of life satisfaction (β = 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.77 to 2.10) compared with their counterparts in the control group. Sensitivity analyses supported the positive effects of the intervention. Conclusions: Our school-based, multicomponent physical activity intervention is effective in improving mental health indicators in adolescents. Future trials should be ramped up to include schools in rural and regional settings, using robust measures of mental well-being.
Decitabine disrupts EBV genomic epiallele DNA methylation patterns around CTCF binding sites to increase chromatin accessibility and lytic transcription in gastric cancer
Authors: Preston-Alp Sarah , Caruso Lisa Beatrice , Su Chenhe , Keith Kelsey , Soldan Samantha S. , Maestri Davide , Madzo Jozef , Kossenkov Andrew , Napoletani Giorgia , Gewurz Benjamin , Lieberman Paul M. , Tempera Italo 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with 10% of human gastric carcinomas, which are distinguished by a CpG island methylator phenotype. In gastric carcinoma tumors and cell lines, the EBV genome also exhibits a high degree of 5-methyl cytosine (5mC) marks, which are propagated by host DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) with each cell cycle. Therefore, we sought to determine the effect of DNMT inhibition by the small molecule Decitabine (DCB) on EBV genomic 5mC and chromatin structure in two tumor-derived gastric cancer cell lines, YCCEL1 and SNU719. Decitabine effects on EBV genomic 5mC, chromatin structure, and viral gene expression were profiled by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing, ATAC-seq, and RNA-seq, respectively. Decitabine treatment resulted in global viral genome hypomethylation and a global increase in open chromatin. The most striking finding resulted from analyzing the methylation pattern from single RRBS sequencing reads, showing that the EBV genome contains a heterogeneous pool of epigenetic states, each of which is eroded upon Decitabine treatment. We observed heterogeneous 5mC epiallele patterns around EBV genomic CTCF binding sites and lytic gene transcriptional start sites. These results highlight the importance of 5mC in maintaining EBV genomic chromatin structure and latency. Furthermore, the presence of 5mC epialleles suggests EBV
+
gastric cancers harbor transcriptionally distinct EBV episomes, which may exert distinct functional roles in maintaining latency and driving tumorigenesis.

IMPORTANCE
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latency is controlled by epigenetic silencing by DNA methylation [5-methyl cytosine (5mC)], histone modifications, and chromatin looping. However, how they dictate the transcriptional program in EBV-associated gastric cancers remains incompletely understood. EBV-associated gastric cancer displays a 5mC hypermethylated phenotype. A potential treatment for this cancer subtype is the DNA hypomethylating agent, which induces EBV lytic reactivation and targets hypermethylation of the cellular DNA. In this study, we identified a heterogeneous pool of EBV epialleles within two tumor-derived gastric cancer cell lines that are disrupted with a hypomethylating agent. Stochastic DNA methylation patterning at critical regulatory regions may be an underlying mechanism for spontaneous reactivation. Our results highlight the critical role of epigenetic modulation on EBV latency and life cycle, which is maintained through the interaction between 5mC and the host protein CCCTC-binding factor.
Complete genome sequence of
Exiguobacterium profundum
TSS-3 isolated from an extremely saline-alkaline spring located in Ixtapa, Chiapas-México
Authors: Rincón-Rosales Reiner , Rogel Marco A. , Rincón-Molina Clara Ivette , Guerrero Gabriela , Manzano-Gómez Luis Alberto , López-López Aline , Rincón Molina Francisco A. , Martínez-Romero Esperanza 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genome sequence of
Exiguobacterium profundum
TSS-3, a strain isolated from the sediment of an extremely saline-alkaline spring located in Ixtapa, Chiapas-México (16° 47´ LN and 92° 54´ LO). Its genome is composed of a 2.8-Mb chromosome and a small 4.6-Kb plasmid.
Complete genome sequences of bacteria isolated from cockroaches collected in a Bangladeshi hospital
Authors: Workman Sean D. , Islam Saiful , Akter Shamima , Nasrin Tamanna , Haque Fazlul , Yost Christopher K. , Mohanta Moni Krishno 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genome sequences of four bacterial strains that were isolated from
Blattella germanica
(German cockroaches) that were found in three wards of the Rajshahi Medical College Hospital. Multiple antibiotic resistance genes were identified in each genome, with one genome containing multiple plasmid-encoded resistance genes.
Detection of bacterial and protozoan pathogens in individual bats and their ectoparasites using high-throughput microfluidic real-time PCR
Authors: Corduneanu Alexandra , Zając Zbigniew , Kulisz Joanna , Wozniak Aneta , Foucault-Simonin Angélique , Moutailler Sara , Wu-Chuang Alejandra , Peter Áron , Sándor Attila D. , Cabezas-Cruz Alejandro 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Among the most studied mammals in terms of their role in the spread of various pathogens with possible zoonotic effects are bats. These are animals with a very complex lifestyle, diet, and behavior. They are able to fly long distances, thus maintaining and spreading the pathogens they may be carrying. These pathogens also include vector-borne parasites and bacteria that can be spread by ectoparasites such as ticks and bat flies. In the present study, high-throughput screening was performed and we detected three bacterial pathogens:
Bartonella
spp.,
Neoehrlichia mikurensis
and
Mycoplasma
spp., and a protozoan parasite:
Theileria
spp. in paired samples from bats (blood and ectoparasites). In the samples from the bat-arthropod pairs, we were able to detect
Bartonella
spp. and
Mycoplasma
spp. which also showed a high phylogenetic diversity, demonstrating the importance of these mammals and the arthropods associated with them in maintaining the spread of pathogens. Previous studies have also reported the presence of these pathogens, with one exception,
Neoehrlichia mikurensis
, for which phylogenetic analysis revealed less genetic divergence. High-throughput screening can detect more bacteria and parasites at once, reduce screening costs, and improve knowledge of bats as reservoirs of vector-borne pathogens.

IMPORTANCE

The increasing number of zoonotic pathogens is evident through extensive studies and expanded animal research. Bats, known for their role as reservoirs for various viruses, continue to be significant. However, new findings highlight the emergence of
Bartonella
spp., such as the human-infecting
B. mayotimonensis
from bats. Other pathogens like
N. mikurensis
,
Mycoplasma
spp., and
Theileria
spp. found in bat blood and ectoparasites raise concerns, as their impact remains uncertain. These discoveries underscore the urgency for heightened vigilance and proactive measures to understand and monitor zoonotic pathogens. By deepening our knowledge and collaboration, we can mitigate these risks, safeguarding human and animal well-being.
The gut microbiota induces melanin deposits that act as substrates for
fimA
-mediated aggregation of
Salmonella
Typhimurium and enhance infection of the German cockroach vector
Authors: Turner Matthew , Van Hulzen Landen , Pietri Jose E. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

When
Salmonella
Typhimurium is ingested by German cockroaches, the bacteria replicate in the gut and persist for at least 7 d, enabling transmission in the feces. However, the mechanisms that facilitate survival and persistence in the cockroach gut remain poorly detailed. We previously reported the formation of biofilm-like aggregate populations of
S
. Typhimurium in the gut of cockroaches upon ingestion. We also reported that deletion of the type-1 fimbrial subunit of
S
. Typhimurium,
fimA
, leads to a reduced bacterial load in the cockroach gut. Here, we link these observations and provide further insight into the mechanism and function of
S
. Typhimurium aggregation in the gut of the cockroach. We show that
S
. Typhimurium but not
Escherichia coli
forms aggregated populations in the cockroach gut, and that aggregate formation requires
fimA
but not the biofilm formation-related genes
csgA
and
csgD
. Furthermore, we show that
S
. Typhimurium aggregates are formed using small granular deposits present in the cockroach gut, which exhibit properties consistent with melanin, as substrates. These melanin deposits are prevalent in the guts of both immature and adult cockroaches from laboratory colonies and are correlated with increased gut bacterial density while being entirely absent in gnotobiotic cockroaches reared without exposure to environmental bacteria, indicating they are induced as a response to the gut microbiota. When cockroaches lacking melanin deposits in the gut are fed
S
. Typhimurium, they exhibit lower rates of infection than those harboring melanin deposits, demonstrating that microbiota-induced melanin deposits enhance infection of the gut of the vector.

IMPORTANCE

Cockroaches, including the German cockroach (
Blattella germanica
), can be both mechanical and biological vectors of pathogenic bacteria. Together, our data reveal a novel mechanism by which
S
. Typhimurium interacts with the cockroach gut and its microbiota that promotes infection of the vector. These findings exemplify the emerging but underappreciated complexity of the relationship between cockroaches and
S
. Typhimurium.
Impact of the new membrane-targeting lipoglycopeptide antibiotic MCC5145 on the treatment of bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in mice
Authors: Ogunniyi Abiodun D. , Nguyen Hang Thi , Hansford Karl A. , Cooper Matthew A. , Trott Darren J. , Blaskovich Mark A. T. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Bacteremic
Streptococcus pneumoniae
pneumonia is one of the most severe forms of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and with particularly high case-fatality rates among the elderly and individuals with comorbidities, exacerbated by rising antibiotic resistance and time to initiation of therapy. Here, we examined the efficacy of the preclinical “vancapticin” glycopeptide MCC5145 against fulminant infection by
S. pneumoniae
serotype 2 strain D39 in a bioluminescent, neutropenic mouse model of bacteremic pneumonia. MCC5145 is a semisynthetic vancomycin derivative chemically modified at the
C
-terminus with a membrane-targeting motif designed to preferentially bind the anionic bacterial surface. We show that similar to vancomycin, subcutaneous administration of MCC5145 to mice 1 day after intranasal infection with a bioluminescent derivative of
S. pneumoniae
D39 elicited time and concentration-dependent reduction in total flux in the lungs and blood. Together, our finding supports the further development of MCC5145 as a potential new treatment option for pneumonia and/or bacteremic pneumonia in clinical settings, particularly for immunocompromised individuals.

IMPORTANCE

S. pneumoniae
(the pneumococcus) causes severe community acquired lung and blood infection, especially among the elderly and people with underlying medical conditions and/or weakened immune systems. The rising incidence of antibiotic resistance and delays between diagnosis of infection and commencement of effective therapy make treatment difficult and result in high mortality rates. In this work, we show that a new derivative (MCC5145) of an existing antibiotic (vancomycin) rapidly eradicated lethal pneumococcal challenge from the lungs and blood of mice with a suppressed immune system. Our findings support that MCC5145 is a promising option for the treatment of lung and blood infections caused by the pneumococcus at point-of-care settings, particularly for the elderly and individuals with a weakened immune system.
Foundations of Mathematical Education in the Digital Age
Authors: Semenov A. L. , Abylkassymova A. E. , Polikarpov S. A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article formulates the foundations of modern mathematical education that meet the new goals and objectives of mathematical education dictated by changes in mathematics itself over the last century, by changes in its role in the modern digital world, and by changes in the world. The basic system of concepts is described, starting from which the whole modern mathematics of the finite, as well as primary mathematical education, is built. For all levels of mathematical education and for all learners, the ability to solve problems whose solutions are not known (to the student) and to do it independently with the help and support of a motivating teacher is a fundamental skill. A significant role is played by a computer mathematical experiment and the transfer of tasks with solutions having been found by the student to the computer. This article also describes the actual state of affairs in the Russian mass education system and proposes the necessary actions to implement the formulated principles of modern mathematical education in Russia. Most of the articles presented in this issue demonstrate and detail the implementation of the formulated principles.
Computer Experiment in Teaching Mathematics
Authors: Shabat G. B. , Semenov A. L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A mathematical experiment has always been a key source for a mathematical discovery. Over the past 50 years, thanks to digital technologies, its role in mathematical research has grown significantly. Digital technologies have opened up fundamentally new opportunities for experimentation in mathematics education, bringing mathematical education closer to mathematical research for the majority of students. This tendency is especially desirable in the modern world, where it becomes possible thanks to digital technologies. The article discusses the results of the authors’ work over the past decades on the application of a computer mathematical experiment at different levels of school and university education. Particular attention is paid to dynamic geometry environments. The possibilities of using computer algebra systems are also discussed. A project concerning schoolchildren’s work on generalizations of Napoleon’s theorem is considered in detail.
A New Course “Algebra + Computer Science”: What Should Be Its Outcomes and Where It Should Start
Authors: Borovik A. , Kondratiev V. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The words “Programming is the second literacy” were coined more than 40 years ago [13], but never came to life. The paper develops and details that old slogan by proposing that the mainstream mathematics education in schools should merge with education in computer science/programming. Of course, this means a deep structural reform of school mathematics education. We are not talking about adapting the 20th century mathematics to the 21st century—as it outlined in [10, 19], we mean the 21st century mathematics education for the 21st century mathematics. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is perhaps the first known attempt to start a proper feasibility study for this reform. The scope of the paper does not allow us to touch the delicate socio-political (and financial) sides of the reform, we are looking only at general curricular and didactic aspects and possible directions of the reform. In particular, we indicate approaches to development of a Domain Specifiic Language (DSL) as a basis for all programming aspects of a new course.