bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biocontrol Potential of Trichoderma spp. against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris through Culture Filtrate Technique
Authors: Kumar Ayush , Negi H. S. , Rahmani Umara , Verma Pradeep Kumar , Kumar Arvind , Kumar Rohit , Sahani Nilesh Kumar , Dwivedi Hariom 
Published: January 2025

Aims: To evaluate the antifungal efficacy of culture filtrates of native Trichoderma isolates in inhibiting the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris causing chickpea wilt disease.
Study Design: This study employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with treatments comprising culture filtrates of seven Trichoderma isolates tested at two concentrations (10% and 25%).
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Department of Plant Pathology, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, Uttar Pradesh, India, between 2022-23.
Methodology: Culture filtrates from seven Trichoderma spp. isolates (T. ovalisporum, T. asperellum1, T. pseudokoningii, T. longibrachiatum, T. harzianum1, T. asperellum2, and T. harzianum2) were prepared and applied to the fungal pathogen at 10% and 25% concentrations. Mycelial growth (mm) and mycelial growth inhibition (%) of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris were recorded and statistically analyzed. A control group (without filtrate) was maintained for comparison.
Results: At 10% concentration, T. pseudokoningii showed the highest inhibition (63.89%) with mycelial growth reduced to 27.50 mm, followed by T. harzianum1 (49.01%) and T. asperellum1 (48.58%). At 25% concentration, T. pseudokoningii achieved 73.02% inhibition, reducing mycelial growth to 19.83 mm, followed by T. harzianum1 (61.68%). The control group exhibited the highest mycelial growth (76.16 mm at 10% and 73.50 mm at 25%). Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences among treatments (CD (p=0.05) = 1.755 and 1.392 for 10% and 25% concentrations, respectively. Next best effective treatments were T. harzianum1 and T. ovalisporum, both of whom showed substantial inhibition rates of 61.68% and 58.96%, respectively at 25% concentrations.
Conclusion: Culture filtrates from T. pseudokoningii demonstrated superior antifungal activity at both tested concentrations, highlighting its potential as a biocontrol agent. These findings suggest the feasibility of utilizing native Trichoderma isolates as eco-friendly alternatives for managing chickpea wilt. Further field validation and exploration of underlying biochemical mechanisms are recommended.
Adaptive controller design and disturbance attenuation for minimum phase multiple‐input multiple‐output linear systems with noisy output measurements and with measured disturbances
Authors: Pan Zigang , Başar Tamer 
Published: September 2023

SummaryIn this paper, we present a systematic procedure for robust adaptive control design for minimum phase uncertain multiple‐input multiple‐output linear systems that are right invertible and can be dynamically extended to a linear system with vector relative degree using a dynamic compensator that is known. For this class of systems, it is always possible to dynamically extend them, and/or integrate a select set of output channels, and/or padding dummy state variables to arrive at a system model that admits uniform vector relative degree and uniform observability indices that is further minimum phase according to Reference 13. We assume that the uniform vector relative degree is known and an upper bound for the uniform observability indices is known. We also assume that the unknown parameter vector lies in a convex compact set such that the high frequency gain matrix remains invertible for any parameter vector value in the set. These are the assumptions that allow for a successful design of a robust adaptive controller. A numerical example is included to fully illustrate the controller design and the effectiveness of the controller.
Rigorous Comparison of Extracellular Vesicle Processing to Enhance Downstream Analysis for Glioblastoma Characterization
Authors: Hsia Tiffaney , You Dong Gil , Politis Michelle Garlin , Batool Syeda Maheen , Ekanayake Emil , Lee Hakho , Carter Bob S. , Balaj Leonora 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are highly sought after as a source of biomarkers for disease detection and monitoring. Tumor EV isolation, processing, and evaluation from biofluids is convoluted by EV heterogeneity and biological contaminants and is limited by technical processing efficacy. This study rigorously compares common bulk EV isolation workflows (size exclusion chromatography, SEC; membrane affinity, MA) alongside downstream RNA extraction protocols to investigate molecular analyte recovery. EV integrity and recovery is evaluated using a variety of technologies to quantify total intact EVs, total and surface proteins, and RNA purity and recovery. A comprehensive evaluation of each analyte is performed, with a specific emphasis on maintaining user (n = 2), biological (n = 3), and technical replicates (n≥3) under in vitro conditions. Subsequent study of tumor EV spike‐in into healthy donor plasma samples is performed to further validate biofluid‐derived EV purity and isolation for clinical application. Results show that EV surface integrity is considerably preserved in eluates from SEC‐derived EVs, but RNA recovery and purity, as well as bulk protein isolation, is significantly improved in MA‐isolated EVs. This study concludes that EV isolation and RNA extraction pipelines govern recovered analyte integrity, necessitating careful selection of processing modality to enhance recovery of the analyte of interest.
Efficient Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells with CRI over 90% Enabled by an Ultralow‐Bandgap A‐DA'D‐A Small Molecule Acceptor
Authors: Xu Xiang , Wei Qingya , Zhou Zhisheng , He Haozhe , Tian Jingjing , Yip Hin‐Lap , Fu Yuang , Lu Xinhui , Zhou Yonghua , Li Yongfang , Zou Yingping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSemitransparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs) can function as power‐generating windows due to their ability to allow visible light go‐through for human eyesight while absorbing low‐energy photons in the near‐infrared region for photocurrent generation. In this regard, effective ST‐OSCs with high light utilization efficiency (LUE) and color rendering index (CRI) can be developed via a synergistic material and device engineering strategy. Herein, an A‐DA'D‐A acceptor BZO‐4Cl is synthesized with an ultralow optical bandgap of 1.26 eV and bathochromically shifted absorption of roughly 60 nm with respect to Y6. Initially, the opaque devices using PTB7‐Th as the donor show a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.12% , which can be listed as one of the highest efficiencies for the PTB7‐Th‐based OSCs so far. Then, through these efforts of optimizations in the bulk‐heterojunction(BHJ) composition, top electrodes and anti‐reflection layer, the cutting‐edge ST‐OSC demonstrates a high LUE of 4.02%, and a CRI of 90.67%, making it one of the best‐performing ST‐OSCs with both high LUE and CRI values. These results indicate that the ST‐OSCs presented in this study have significant potential for use in applications that possess transparent visible light and energy‐generation functions.
Accelerating Thermal Transfer in Perovskite Films for High‐Efficiency and Stable Photovoltaics
Authors: Li Jiabao , Duan Jialong , Guo Qiyao , Qi Ziting , Duan Xingxing , Li Hui , Geng Shengwei , Liu Naimin , He Benlin , Yang Peizhi , Tang Qunwei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHeat accumulation within in‐service perovskite solar cells (PSCs) under light irradiation is one imminent threat in deteriorating the persistent power output and long‐term durability. Herein, a novel strategy is reported to remove dissipated heat by improving the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of perovskite film with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as additives. Benefiting from the interaction between perovskite and MWCNTs as well as the accelerated heat transfer kinetics mediated by MWCNTs, this method produces a high‐quality perovskite film with high crystallinity and reduced defects. Meanwhile, the incorporation of MWCNTs self‐cools the operational temperature of final PSC from 42.5 to 38.5 °C to compensate the high temperature‐induced performance reduction. Consequently, a significantly improved efficiency of 11.78% for carbon‐based CsPbIBr2 cell, 15.14% for carbon‐based CsPbI2Br cell, 22.13% and 23.05% for regular and inverted (FA0.83MA0.17)0.95Cs0.05Pb(I0.9Br0.1)3 cells, respectively, is achieved. Apart from the larger power conversion efficiency conservation rate > 94% over 2800 h in air without encapsulation, the optimal device demonstrates significant stability improvement by nearly 1.5‐times after thermal aging at 85 °C for 1300 h and 40‐fold after persistent operation for 350 h, providing a new path for high‐efficiency and stable perovskite platforms.
Evaporation‐Induced Closely‐Packing of Core–Shell PDMS@Ag Microspheres Enabled Stretchable Conductor with Ultra‐High Conductance
Authors: Tian Ke , Chen Chuanliang , Li Qianyang , Cao Xiaoyin , Chen Xin , Fu Qiang , Deng Hua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStretchable conductors are indispensable building blocks for stretchable electronic devices that are used in next‐generation wearable electronics, on‐skin electronics, and soft robotics. Whereas, the ability to realize synergy high conductance and sufficient conductivity under high strain remains challenging. Herein, a stretchable conductor made from tightly assembled core–shell polydimethylsiloxane@silver microspheres (PDMS@Ag MPs) is elaborated. By judiciously using evaporation‐induced capillary effect, 3D interconnected conductive paths consisting of closely packed conductive PDMS@Ag MPs are constructed inside the elastic matrix. The spatially selective distributed Ag‐shell enables conductor metallic conductivity (67185 S cm−1) at ultralow Ag fraction (19.5 wt.%), and well‐maintained conductance over wide strain (820 S cm−1 at 400%). Due to the suppressed Ag content, both the rapture strain and Young's modulus (613%, 0.79 MPa for CPSC4) of the conductor are largely retained. Besides, the synergy hierarchical surface topology and low surface energy endow conductors with high water‐repellent properties. The fabricated conductors with remarkably high conductivity, well‐retained conductance under large strain, and robust hydrophobicity are of great significance for advanced stretchable electronics.
Tailored Drug Delivery Platforms: Stimulus‐Responsive Core–Shell Structured Nanocarriers
Authors: Shi Yulong , Zhang Yiran , Zhu Liangliang , Miao Yuqing , Zhu Yueqi , Yue Bingbing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCore–shell structured nanocarriers have come into the scientific spotlight in recent years due to their intriguing properties and wide applications in materials chemistry, biology, and biomedicine. Tailored core–shell structures to achieve desired performance have emerged as a research frontier in the development of smart drug delivery system. However, systematic reviews on the design and loading/release mechanisms of stimulus‐responsive core–shell structured nanocarriers are uncommon. This review starts with the categories of core–shell structured nanocarriers with different means of drug payload, and then highlights the controlled release mechanism realized through stimulus‐response processes triggered under different environments. Finally, some multifaceted perspectives on the design of core–shell structured materials as drug carriers are addressed. This work aims to provide new enlightenments and prospects in the drug delivery field for further developing advanced and smart nanocarriers.
Strategies to Reverse Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment for Enhanced Sonodynamic Therapy
Authors: Li Jialun , Yue Zhengya , Tang Minglu , Wang Wenxin , Sun Yuan , Sun Tiedong , Chen Chunxia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSonodynamic therapy (SDT) has emerged as a highly effective modality for the treatment of malignant tumors owing to its powerful penetration ability, noninvasiveness, site‐confined irradiation, and excellent therapeutic efficacy. However, the traditional SDT, which relies on oxygen availability, often fails to generate a satisfactory level of reactive oxygen species because of the widespread issue of hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment of solid tumors. To address this challenge, various approaches are developed to alleviate hypoxia and improve the efficiency of SDT. These strategies aim to either increase oxygen supply or prevent hypoxia exacerbation, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of SDT. In view of this, the current review provides an overview of these strategies and their underlying principles, focusing on the circulation of oxygen from consumption to external supply. The detailed research examples conducted using these strategies in combination with SDT are also discussed. Additionally, this review highlights the future prospects and challenges of the hypoxia‐alleviated SDT, along with the key considerations for future clinical applications. These considerations include the development of efficient oxygen delivery systems, the accurate methods for hypoxia detection, and the exploration of combination therapies to optimize SDT outcomes.
Articular Cartilage Regeneration via Induced Chondrocyte Autophagy by Sustained Release of Leptin Inhibitor from Thermo‐Sensitive Hydrogel through STAT3/REDD1/mTORC1 Cascade
Authors: Huang Zhongming , Liu Chen , Zheng Guangping , Zhang Liang , Zhong Qiang , Zhang Yun , Zhao Weicheng , Qi Yiying 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA) is closely linked to autophagy abnormalities in articular chondrocytes, the sole mature cell type in healthy cartilage. Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanism remains uncertain. Previous research has demonstrated that leptin activates mTORC1 , thereby inhibiting chondrocyte autophagy during the progression of OA. In this study, it is demonstrated that the presence of leptin induces a substantial increase in the expression of STAT3, leading to a notable decrease in REDD1 expression and subsequent phosphorylation of p70S6K, a recognized downstream effector of mTORC1. Conversely, inhibition of leptin yields contrasting effects. Additionally, the potential advantages of utilizing a sustained intra‐articular release of a leptin inhibitor (LI) via an injectable, thermosensitive poly(D,L‐lactide)‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(D,L‐lactide) (PDLLA‐PEG‐PDLLA: PLEL) hydrogel delivery system for the purpose of investigating its impact on cartilage repair are explored. The study conducted on LI‐loaded PLEL (PLEL@LI) demonstrates remarkable efficacy in inhibiting OA and displays encouraging therapeutic advantages in the restoration of subchondral bone and cartilage. These findings establish a solid foundation for the advancement of a pioneering treatment approach utilizing PLEL@LI for OA.
Exploring the Synergies of Single‐Molecule Fluorescence and 2D Materials Coupled by DNA
Authors: Richter Lars , Szalai Alan M. , Manzanares‐Palenzuela C. Lorena , Kamińska Izabela , Tinnefeld Philip 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe world of 2D materials is steadily growing, with numerous researchers attempting to discover, elucidate, and exploit their properties. Approaches relying on the detection of single fluorescent molecules offer a set of advantages, for instance, high sensitivity and specificity, that allow the drawing of conclusions with unprecedented precision. Herein, it is argued how the study of 2D materials benefits from fluorescence‐based single‐molecule modalities, and vice versa. A special focus is placed on DNA, serving as a versatile adaptor when anchoring single dye molecules to 2D materials. The existing literature on the fruitful combination of the two fields is reviewed, and an outlook on the additional synergies that can be created between them provided.
Cation‐Disorder Engineering Promotes Efficient Charge‐Carrier Transport in AgBiS2 Nanocrystal Films
Authors: Righetto Marcello , Wang Yongjie , Elmestekawy Karim A. , Xia Chelsea Q. , Johnston Michael B. , Konstantatos Gerasimos , Herz Laura M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEfficient charge‐carrier transport is critical to the success of emergent semiconductors in photovoltaic applications. So far, disorder has been considered detrimental for charge‐carrier transport, lowering mobilities, and causing fast recombination. This work demonstrates that, when properly engineered, cation disorder in a multinary chalcogenide semiconductor can considerably enhance the charge‐carrier mobility and extend the charge‐carrier lifetime. Here, the properties of AgBiS2 nanocrystals (NCs) are explored as a function of Ag and Bi cation‐ordering, which can be modified via thermal‐annealing. Local Ag‐rich and Bi‐rich domains formed during hot‐injection synthesis are transformed to induce homogeneous disorder (random Ag‐Bi distribution). Such cation‐disorder engineering results in a sixfold increase in the charge‐carrier mobility, reaching ≈2.7 cm2 V−1 s−1 in AgBiS2 NC thin films. It is further demonstrated that homogeneous cation disorder reduces charge‐carrier localization, a hallmark of charge‐carrier transport recently observed in silver‐bismuth semiconductors. This work proposes that cation‐disorder engineering flattens the disordered electronic landscape, removing tail states that would otherwise exacerbate Anderson localization of small polaronic states. Together, these findings unravel how cation‐disorder engineering in multinary semiconductors can enhance the efficiency of renewable energy applications.
Bacteria‐Based Backpacks to Enhance Adoptive Macrophage Transfer against Solid Tumors
Authors: An Jia‐Xin , Han Zi‐Yi , Qin You‐Teng , Li Chu‐Xin , He Jin‐Lian , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAdoptive cell therapy has emerged as a promising approach for cancer treatment. However, the transfer of macrophages exhibits limited efficacy against solid tumors due to the dynamic cellular phenotypic shift from antitumor to protumor states within the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this study, a strategy of attaching bacteria to macrophages (Mø@bac) is reported that endows adoptively infused macrophages with durable stimulation by leveraging the intrinsic immunogenicity of bacteria. These attached bacteria, referred to as backpacks, are encapsulated with adhesive nanocoatings and can sustainably control the cellular phenotypes in vivo. Moreover, Mø@bac can repolarize endogenous tumor‐associated macrophages, leading to a more robust immune response and thus reducing the tumor progression in a murine 4T1 cancer model without any side effects. This study utilizing bacteria as cellular backpacks opens a new avenue for the development of cell therapies.
MOFs for Ultrahigh Efficiency Pulsed Laser Micropropulsion
Authors: Rao Senlin , Xu Yuhang , Yuan Jun , Liu Feng , Wang Shuai , Jiang Haoqing , Cheng Gary J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractConventional propellant materials, such as polymers and single metal elements, have long been investigated for their potential in pulsed laser micropropulsion (LMP) technology. However, achieving superior LMP efficiency through physical mixing of these materials remains a significant challenge. This study presents a paradigm shift by introducing porous crystalline polymers, known as metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), as novel propellants in pulsed LMP. MOFs are composed of metal cations and organic ligands that form ordered structures through coordination, eliminating the problem of local hot zones arising from uneven physical mixing encountered in LMP. In direct comparison to conventional polymers and single element targets, MOFs exhibit substantially higher LMP efficiency. By precisely tailoring the metal atom fraction within MOFs, an extraordinary ultrahigh efficiency of 51.15% is achieved in pulsed LMP, surpassing the performance of similar materials previously reported in the literature. This pioneering application of MOFs not only revolutionizes the field of LMP but also opens up new frontiers for MOF utilization in various energy applications.
Vinylene Carbonate as Synthon in Transition Metal‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Activation/Annulation Reactions
Authors: Cui Xiaofan , Chauvin Remi , Pi Chao , Wu Yangjie , Cui Xiuling 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecently, vinylene carbonate has been developed as a powerful synthon in transition metal‐catalyzed C−H bond activation/cyclization reactions. This review introduces recent progress in the use of vinylene carbonate as a reactant, by analyzing and comparing reaction models involving vinylene carbonate as a surrogate of ethynol, acetylene, acetylation reagents or other reactants, while addressing related mechanisms and synthetic applications.
LRRK2 Gly2019Ser Mutation Promotes ER Stress via Interacting with THBS1/TGF‐β1 in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Yao Longping , Lu Fengfei , Koc Sumeyye , Zheng Zijian , Wang Baoyan , Zhang Shizhong , Skutella Thomas , Lu Guohui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe gene mutations of LRRK2, which encodes leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), are associated with one of the most prevalent monogenic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the potential effectors of the Gly2019Ser (G2019S) mutation remain unknown. In this study, the authors investigate the effects of LRRK2 G2019S on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐induced dopamine neurons and explore potential therapeutic targets in mice model. These findings demonstrate that LRRK2 G2019S significantly promotes ER stress in neurons and mice. Interestingly, inhibiting LRRK2 activity can ameliorate ER stress induced by the mutation. Moreover, LRRK2 mutation can induce ER stress by directly interacting with thrombospondin‐1/transforming growth factor beta1 (THBS1/TGF‐β1). Inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity can effectively suppress ER stress and the expression of THBS1/TGF‐β1. Knocking down THBS1 can rescue ER stress by interacting with TGF‐β1 and behavior burden caused by the LRRK2 mutation, while suppression of TGF‐β1 has a similar effect. Overall, it is demonstrated that the LRRK2 mutation promotes ER stress by directly interacting with THBS1/TGF‐β1, leading to neural death in PD. These findings provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of PD, highlighting potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.
Improving agricultural science communication through intentionality
Authors: Kantar Michael B. , Wang Diane R. , Hale Iago , Pratt Richard C. , Jensen J. Vernon , Lewenstein Bruce V. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlthough communicating research is a key part of public science, current graduate curricula in the agricultural sciences usually have a narrow focus on communication appropriate for presenting to scientific and academic audiences, such as in the form of the dreaded “seminar.” Yet the importance and impact of agriculture extends well beyond research communities, and communicating with other potential audiences is essential for realizing the full impact of research. Because public speaking is among the greatest fears for many people, it is critical to provide students with the tools needed to communicate effectively with diverse audiences, particularly as only a fraction of them will go on to give regular research seminars once they enter the professional world. Better communication can lead to more constructive engagement with the public as well as with policy‐makers, toward improved understanding of the science they are funding and from which they are benefiting. Purposeful instruction in public speaking should help alleviate the common anxieties that student presenters often experience. Here, we summarize general communication strategies that can be incorporated into any graduate agricultural science course to help address this need.