bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Crop Loss in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Due to Damage by the Major Insect Pests
Authors: Subba B. , Chaudhuri N. , Senapati S. K. 
Published: August 2023

A field experiment on the yield loss assessment in Okra due to insect-pest was carried out at the research farm of Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India during pre-kharif (15th February–14th May), kharif (15th May–14th August) and post-kharif (15th August–14th November) seasons in 2 years, 2015 and 2016. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design and replicated 6 times. The treatments were T1 (protected by chemical insecticide), T2(protected by organic insecticide), T3 (unprotected). The chemical protection significantly suppressed the jassid and % damage by fruit borer in contrast to organic protection and unprotected in all the 3 seasons. However, the‘t’ test analysis revealed non-significant relation between yield of organically and chemically managed plots and significant relation was found between the yield of untreated with organically and chemically managed plots which is directly related with the abundance of insect population. From chemically management 30.52%, 25.16% and 33.26% and from organically managed plots 29.37%, 20.68% and 32.38% gain in yield was recorded in pre-kharif, kharif and post-kharif seasons, respectively. The avoidable losses from chemically protected plots were 23.39%, 20.00% and 24.88% in 3 seasons, respectively. The same from organically managed plots were 22.73%, 16.98% and 24.39% in 3 cropping seasons respectively as mention above. Since, non-significant different in losses of yield lies between chemically and organically protected plots, organic management for pest management may be opted considering all aspects like health, environment and export earnings.
Provenance Variation in Seed Biometry, Germination and Seedling Traits in Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem)
Authors: Mayavel A. , Krishnan S. , Warrier Rekha R. , Lingeshwaran P. K. , Soosai Raj J. , Sivakumar V. 
Published: August 2023

The present investigationon evaluation of provenance variations in seed morphometric, germination and seedling growth attributes of Neem was conducted at Division of Genetics and Tree Improvement at Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India with an aim to study the variation in different provenances of Azadirachta indicafor seed morphometry, germination and seedling traits,to identify superior provenances of Azadirachta indica to produce quality planting stocks, during monsoon of 2021 and 2022. Extensive surveys were conducted in 6 different agro-climatic zones in Tamil Nadu and selected 30 Candidate Plus Trees (CPT’s) based on growth superiority and higher fruit yield. The significant differences were recorded on seed length (cm), seed width (cm), seed perimeter (cm), seed area, and 100 seed kernel weight (g), germination percentage, mean daily germination, germination value, germination time, peak value, time spread of germination and germination index and seedling characters such as shoot length, root length, color diameter, leaf numbers, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, shoot and root vigorous index among the provenances and seed lots. Southern Zone and Rainfall Zone provenances recorded higher values on seed length and breadth, seed weight and seedling parameters and lower values of seed parameters were observed in the Western Zone and seedling parameters in North Eastern Zone. Seed length, seed area, seed perimeter and germination percentage had a significant strong positive correlation with the shoot vigour index. Southern Zone and Rainfall Zone provenances can be recommended for establishing large-scale plantation in the Tree Outside Forest (ToF).
COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact of Agricultural Labour Migration on Income Levels of Farmers in Telangana
Authors: Muneer Shaik , Swamy D. Kumara , Lavanya T. , Supriya K. 
Published: August 2023

The present study was undertaken during 25th March 2019 to 25th March 2021 to examine the impact of agricultural labour migration due to COVID-19 pandemic on the income levels of farmers. Both primary and secondary data were used in the study, multistage sampling technique was used in selection of district, mandals and villages. Tools and techniques like tabular analysis, gross returns and net returns were used. Economic impact on farmers in the study area was studied by selecting three major crops viz., Paddy, Cotton and Maize. During the COVID-19 pandemic, in the kharif and rabi season, in all the three major crops, the labour availability was increased when compared with the period of before the pandemic. This situation was appeared due to reverse migration during pandemic. The average wage rates received by the agricultural labourers for almost all farm operations in case of paddy, maize and cotton crops were decreased due to increase in labour supply due to reverse migration. The available man days also clearly got increased for almost all the operations except harvesting of paddy and cotton crops. In case of paddy and cotton crops, net returns were found to increase. In case of Maize crop, the gross and net returns were decreased due to increase in total operation costs and decrease in price per quintal during rabi season of the pandemic period respectively.
Effect of Tembotrione on Weed Growth and Productivity of Kharif Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Sharma Puscal , Duary B. , Aktar S. N. , Jaiswal D. K. , Bishoyi B. S. 
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was conducted in maize (Zea mays L.) during both kharif (June–September, 2014 and 2015) seasons in a randomized block design with nine treatments, including the herbicide tembotrione as early post-emergence at 80, 100 and 120 g ha-1 both as sole and in combination with atrazine at 500 g ha-1, atrazine at 1000 g ha-1, hand-weeding twice at 25 and 40 DAS and unweeded control with three replications. The experimental field was heavily infested with Ludwigia parviflora (Jacq.) Raven, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Cyperus rotundus (L.) and Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl. The yield of maize was reduced by around 48% due to weed infestation. From the experiment, it was found that combined application of tembotrione and atrazine was much more effective than sole application of herbicide at any of the levels that were evaluated. Tembotrione at a rate of 80–100 g ha-1+stefesmero surfactant at 733 g ha-1+atrazine at 500 g ha-1 recorded the lowest weed density, weed biomass and weed index; highest values of growth and yield parameters as well as the yield of maize. Therefore, early post–emergence application of tembotrione at 80–100 g ha-1+stefesmero surfactant at 733 g ha-1+atrazine 500 g ha–1 appeared to be the most effective weed management approach for higher weed control efficiency, yield, gross and net return of kharif maize in lateritic soil of West Bengal.
Effect of Cleaning Methods on Trash Contents and Fibre Quality for Seed Cotton
Authors: Mishra Pramod Kumar , Singh Manjeet , Dixit Anoop , Patel Bharat , Gautam Anand , Pandey S. K. , Sharma Karun 
Published: August 2023

The present study was carried out at Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India during May to December, 2017 to evaluate the effect of mechanical cleaning methods on mechanically harvested cotton. The treatments consisted of three cotton cleaning methods viz. Boll Crusher cum Seed-Cotton Extractor, Pre-cleaner and On-board cleaner (field cleaner). The comparative performance of these methods was evaluated in terms of cotton fibre quality parameters viz. span length, uniformity ratio, elongation (%), micronaire (%), fibre strength (g tex-1) and reflectance of cotton lint etc. The minimum trash content (seed cotton basis) was observed for boll crusher+pre-cleaner (5.17%) and maximum for on-board cleaner (21.4 %). The 2.5% span length for the manual was observed maximum (26.04 mm) and the minimum for boll crusher+pre-cleaner (23.83 mm). The uniformity ratio observed was minimum for manual (45.99) and maximum for boll crusher+pre-cleaner (47.29). The micronaire for the manual was observed as a minimum (3.97%) and maximum for boll crusher+pre-cleaner (3.57%). The fibre strength for manual (20.50 g tex-1) was maximum whereas it was minimum for boll crusher+pre-cleaner (19.36 g tex-1). The reflectance for manual (0.87) was observed as minimum and maximum for boll crusher+pre-cleaner (0.81). Based upon the fiber quality parameters of harvested cotton cleaned by boll crusher machine was of superior quality but it was inferior in quality for the boll crusher+pre-cleaner machine.
Protein and Amino Acid Profile of Meals in Habitual Diets of Young Indian Women
Authors: Aggarwal Renuka , Bains Kiran 
Published: August 2023

The study was carried out among thirty young adult women (21–30 years) residing in hostels of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab during January, 2020 to assess the quantity and quality of protein in hostel diets. The duplicate meals in the daily diet of thirty institutionalized 21–30 years old young adult women were collected for seven consecutive days and analyzed for protein and amino acid content. The diets served on different days of the week were low in protein and lysine in all the meals but had adequate amount of other Indispensable Amino Acids (IAA).The three meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner) had low in vitro protein digestibility varying from 69.18% to 81.84% and a low Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) of 0.39, 0.46 and 0.39. On comparing the protein quality of three major meals of the diet, we found that all meals had a lower protein and lysine content with adequate amount of other IAAs. The overall digestibility of three meals was 74.58% with a PDCAAS of 0.42. The results indicated that diets of the young women living in hostels was low in protein quantity and quality especially in terms of amino acid lysine which is required for healthy body composition with higher muscle content. The quality protein deficiency in youth can affect muscle mass which can adversely affect the health thereby, leading to a rise in different types of diseases at later age.
Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa) on Health Status of Young Pigs During Pre and Post Weaning Periods
Authors: Stevenson Joseph Lalruatkima , Kalita Girin , Goswami Ranjana , Das Hemen , Sarma Kalyan , Ali Mohammad Ayub , Das Biren Kumar , Samanta Arup Kumar , Mayengbam Prava , Tolenkhomba T. C. , Roychoudhary Parimal 
Published: August 2023

The present research programme was conducted to study the effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder supplementation on the growth performance and health status of Large White Yorkshire young pigs. A total number of 128 (12 litters) young pigs weaned at 28 days old were taken for the study period of 56 days. The young pigs in their respective litters were randomly divided into three groups viz., Control (C) fed basal diet, Treatment-1 (T1) fed basal diet+0.5% turmeric powder and Treatment-2 (T2) fed basal diet+1% turmeric powder in such a way that there were 4 replicates in each group with 1 litter as one replicate. Parameters recorded were general appearance, occurrence rate of diarrhea and faecal consistency. Statistical analysis revealed significant (p<0.05) differences in general appearance score during the post-weaning periods. Statistical analysis also revealed significant (p<0.05) differences in occurrence rate of diarrhoea (%) on 5th week under three different groups and significant (p<0.05) differences between the different groups during the post weaning (5th to 8th week) period, highly significant (p<0.01) differences in faecal consistency score between the groups during post weaning (5th to 8th week) and overall (1st to 8th week) periods. It may be concluded that dietary inclusion of dry turmeric powder at 1.0% level in pre and post weaning diets is beneficial - for growth performance of LWY young pigs especially during post weaning period.
Response of Soursop (Annona muricata L.) to Clonal Multiplication through Budding and Rootstock Compatibility
Authors: Sushma M. S. , Rao Venkata , Rajeshwari R. , Swamy G. S. K. 
Published: August 2023

A research trial was carried out at the College of Horticulture, Mysuru, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India during January–June 2021 to study the effect of different environmental conditions and rootstocks on success and survival of soursop budlings. There were 6 treatment combinations consisting of different rootstocks of Annona sp. (Annona muricata and Annona squamosa) along with growing conditions (polyhouse, 50% shade net and open condition) were replicated thrice in factorial completely randomized design. The results of the study indicated that soursop scion budded on its own rootstock (A. muricata) and placed under polyhouse condition had significantly affected on days taken to bud sprout (34.96 days), success (91.60%), survival percentage (85.30%) and growth parameters like number of leaves (3.81, 6.56 and 13.67), length of sprouted shoot (3.58 cm, 8.19 cm and 15.42 cm), girth of sprouted shoot (1.35 mm, 1.86 mm and 2.08 mm), number of nodes (3.52 , 6.11 and 11.67) and length of internode (1.20 cm, 1.47 cm and 1.73 cm) at 60, 90 and 120 days after budding whereas A. muricata scion budded on A. squamosa rootstock kept under open condition recorded more number of days for sprouting (37.86), least success (37.86%), survival percentage (85%) and growth parameters like number of leaves (2.33, 4.44 and 11.11), shoot length (2.78 cm, 5.51 cm and 11.13 cm), diameter of shoot (0.70 mm, 1.01 mm and 1.24 mm), number of nodes (2.11, 4.33 and 10.22) and node length (0.84 cm, 1.01 cm and 1.42 cm).
Principal Component Analysis and Clustering of Cassava Germplasm based on N and K Efficiency
Authors: Sivan Swathy , Arya K. , Sheela M. N. , Revathi B. S. , Abhilash P. V. 
Published: August 2023

The present study was undertaken at ICAR-CTCRI, Sreekaryam to identify and group N and K efficient genotypes from a pool of released varieties, pre-breeding lines and elite landraces of cassava during 2021-2022. Thirty genotypes of cassava were evaluated for their diversity based on N and K efficiency along with some of its contributing plant characters using statistical tools like principal component analysis, and dendrogram clustering. The variation existing among the selected genotypes was observed through PCA, where the first six principal components accounted for nearly 81% of the total variability. Characters like tuber yield, plant height, stem girth, tuber length and tuber girth contributed to the greater variability among the genotypes. The dendrogram analysis classified the genotypes into six clusters based on the 18 parameters contributing to nutrient use efficiency. The proportion of the variance accounted by these clusters came up to the extent of 50% displaying the association of the genotypes with similar characters in these clusters. These analyses helped to realize the wide range of variability existing among the selected genotypes for the 18 characters studied. A simple correlation was also worked out between N and K use efficiency with root traits, which revealed that characters such as weight of storage roots, number of storage roots, and number of basal roots showed a positive correlation with both N and K use efficiency in cassava.
Design, Development and Evaluation of Photovoltaic Integrated Solar Greenhouse Dryer for Paddy
Authors: Mondru Madhava , Boreddy Kavitha 
Published: August 2023

The present study was conducted at College of Agricultural Engineering, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh, India during the month of January, 2021 to develop photovoltaic power assisted forced circulation solar greenhouse dryer and to evaluate its performance for drying of paddy. A free standing greenhouse structure with arch roof was selected to have high light transmission and low cost of construction. To get adequate and uniform light inside the greenhouse east-west orientation was selected. A frame of solar greenhouse dryer having 4.467 m length, 2.134 m width and 2.591 m height was constructed and was covered with twin wall polycarbonate sheet of 6 mm thickness. Freshly harvested paddy was filled in perforated tray with size 142.5×80×12.5 cm up to 10 cm height the trays were placed in drying chamber consists of three tires and two columns. Forced ventilation was provided with four 40 W DC fans which were powered with two 150 W photovoltaic panels. During drying, the green house and ambient air temperature, relative humidity data was collected at every 1 h interval using data logger, the moisture content of the paddy was determined at every 2 h interval. The paddy was dried till getting 12% (w.b.) final moisture content. The highest greenhouse dryer temperature of 48.1°C was recorded as compared with highest ambient temperature of34.2°C. Moreover, the air flow rate achieved was varied between 75.52‒34.25 m3m-1.In this dryer the paddy was dried from 25.3‒12.0% (w.b.) moisture content in 21 h whereas open sun drying took 28 h of drying time.
Characterization of Rice Genotypes for SNORKEL1 (SK1) and SNORKEL2 (SK2) Gene
Authors: Kumar Yogendra , Singh Digvijay , Singh Shaurya , Sarvjeet Kumar , Sinha Sweta 
Published: August 2023

The present study was performed in kharif (June-December) 2019 at Bihar Agricultural College, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India to screen gene specific markers developed from SNORKEL1 (SK1) and SNORKEL2 (SK2) gene and identify the rice genotypes for the presence of SNORKEL genes. A total of 13 rice genotypes were used out of which 8 genotypes Vaidehi, RYC743, FR13A, Desaria, Dudhi, Birar, Kalaladora and Kajargod indicated the presence of both SNORKEL1 (SK1) and SNORKEL2 (SK2) gene using SK1-1, SK1-2, SK2-1 and SK2-2 markers. Therefore, these genotypes have tolerance ability of deep water flooding due to higher rates of elongation where water stagnates for longer than two weeks. However, results from the present study also revealed that the genotype Desaria and RYC743 had higher rates of elongation and Satyam, Sudha, Purnendu, FR13A, Pansoradhan and Swarna Sub1 had lower shoot elongation rate compared to other genotypes. This study provides gene specific markers for the identification of varieties/donors tolerant to deep water flooding as well as donors to be used in deep water rice breeding programs. Thus, the marker developed and validated in this study will aid rice breeders in quickly and efficiently identifying and introgressing the SNORKEL genes. The results would be a helpful in the development of rice varieties with both submergence tolerance and elongation ability in order to improve the yield stability in flood-prone areas.
Assessment of Genetic Variability for Yield, Yield Attributing and Quality Traits of Promising Genotypes of Cluster Bean [Cyamopsis tetragonaloba L. Taub.]
Authors: Teja Rachamalla Ravi , Saidaiah P. , Kumar A. Kiran , Bhasker K. , Geetha A. 
Published: August 2023

The present study was conducted to evaluate twenty four (24) genotypes along with 1 check variety (Pusa Navbahar) of cluster bean during kharif, July–September, 2019 at College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Telangana, India to estimate variability, broad sense heritability and genetic advance for pod yield and yield attributing traits. The observations were recorded on various growth, yield and quality parameters. High estimates of GCV and PCV were recorded for plant height, number of branches plant-1, pod length, pod weight and number of pods plant-1. Protein content, gum content and fibre content recorded moderate to high PCV and GCV. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as % of mean was observed for plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of clusters plant-1, days to maturity, number of pods plant-1, pod length, pod girth, pod weight, number of seeds pod-1, pod yield plant-1, pod yield ha-1, protein content, gum content and fibre content. High variability in conjunction with high genetic advance as % of mean indicating the predominance of additive gene action. These traits could be exploited through manifestation of dominance and epistatic components through heterosis breeding. The overall assessment showed that there was wide variability among cluster bean genotypes which has important implication for selection of cluster bean genotypes for yield and quality attributes.
PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN PENGENDALIAN HAMA TIKUS DAN PEMBUATAN BIOSAKA SEBAGAI UPAYA MENDUKUNG SISTEM PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN DI PEKON BANJARMASIN
Authors: Usman Raidar  , Farrizqie Ramadhan  , Nyimas Ririn Khayatin Nufus  , Muhammad Rizky Supriyatna  , Elsa Azizah Pesema  , Zhara Nabila  , Aulia Safitri  
Published: August 2023

Biosaka adalah salah satu sistem teknologi terbarukan dalam perkembangan dunia pertanian organik modern yang terbentuk sebagai bio-teknologi (biologi-teknologi). Biosaka tidak menggunakan mikroba maupun proses fermentasi dalam pembuatannya. Biosaka juga bukan merupakan pupuk atau nutrisi, melainkan sebuah elisitor atau sinyal yang dapat merangsang pertumbuhan pada budidaya tanaman padi. Salah satu gangguan dalam produksi tanaman padi adalah serangan hama tikus. Hama tikus merupakan salah satu hama yang (sangat) merugikan petani. Hama Tikus cenderung menyerang tanaman pada malam hari. Sifat tikus yang cerdik menyebabkan berbagai jenis perangkap tidak dapat optimal untuk mengendalikan tikus. Tujuan dari adanya penyuluhan ini membuat para petani mampu mengendalikan hama tikus dengan benar sesuai anjuran dengan memberikan larutan biosaka untuk menunjang produksi yang lebih baik dengan memperkecil kandungan obat-obatan dalam upaya mendukung sistem pertanian berkelanjutan.
Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keterlambatan Pra-Rumah Sakit pada Pasien ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) : Kajian Literatur
Authors: Riyanti Alfina , Irawati Wibowo Yosi , Irawati Sylvi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract—ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a lethal condition. Treatment modality and success mostly depend on time since onset of symptoms. In STEMI, prehospital delay is a significant factor, decreasing likelihood of revascularization and increasing mortality.A greater understanding of the contributing factors may help to reduce delays. This review aimed to map factors associated with prehospital delay in patients with STEMI. We identified patient and transport factors predicting prehospital delay. This review may help the national health management system to identify the factors associated with prehospital delay and it will help in planning interventions to reduce patient delays and to improve the outcome and reduces morbidity and mortality of patients with STEMI.
Keywords: acute myocardial infarction; prehospital delay; risk factors; stemi

Abstrak—ST-elevation mycardial infarction (STEMI) merupakah salah satu penyakit yang mematikan. Keberhasilan pengobatan sebagian besar bergantung pada waktu sejak timbulnya gejala. Pada kasus STEMI, keterlambatan pra-rumah sakit merupakan faktor yang signifikan menurunkan kemungkinan revaskularisasi dan meningkatkan mortalitas pasien. Pemahaman yang baik tentang faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap keterlambatan pra-rumah sakit dapat menjadi suatu masukan bagi intervensi untuk mengurangi waktu keterlambatan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan faktor yang terkait dengan keterlambatan pra-rumah sakit pada pasien STEMI. Kami mengidentifikasi faktor pasien dan faktor transportasi yang memprediksi keterlambatan pra-rumah sakit. Hasil kajian ini dapat membantu sistem manajemen kesehatan nasional untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang terkait dengan keterlambatan pra-rumah sakit dan ini akan membantu dalam merencanakan intervensi untuk mengurangi keterlambatan pasien dan untuk meningkatkan prognosis serta mengurangi morbiditas dan mortalitas pasien STEMI.
Kata kunci: infark miokard akut; keterlambatan pra-rumah sakit; faktor risiko; stemi