bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumer‐grade UAV solid‐state LiDAR accurately quantifies topography in a vegetated fluvial environment
Authors: MacDonell Craig John , Williams Richard David , Maniatis Georgios , Roberts Kenny , Naylor Mark 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnoccupied aerial vehicles (UAVs) with passive optical sensors have become popular for reconstructing topography using Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry. Advances in UAV payloads and the advent of solid‐state LiDAR have enabled consumer‐grade active remote sensing equipment to become more widely available, potentially providing opportunities to overcome some challenges associated with SfM photogrammetry, such as vegetation penetration and shadowing, that can occur when processing UAV‐acquired images. We evaluate the application of a DJI Zenmuse L1 solid‐state LiDAR sensor on a Matrice 300 RTK UAV to generate digital elevation models (DEMs). To assess flying height (60–80 m) and speed parameters (5–10 ms−1) on accuracy, four point clouds were acquired at a test site. These point clouds were used to develop a processing workflow to georeference, filter and classify the point clouds to produce a raster DEM product. A dense control network showed that there was no significant difference in georeferencing from differing flying height or speed. Building on the test results, a 3 km reach of the River Feshie was surveyed, collecting over 755 million UAV LiDAR points. The Multiscale Curvature Classification algorithm was found to be the most suitable classifier of ground topography. GNSS check points showed a mean vertical residual of −0.015 m on unvegetated gravel bars. Multiscale Model to Model Cloud Comparison (M3C2) residuals compared UAV LiDAR and Terrestrial Laser Scanner point clouds for seven sample sites demonstrating a close match with marginally zero residuals. Solid‐state LiDAR was effective at penetrating sparse canopy‐type vegetation but was less penetrable through dense ground‐hugging vegetation (e.g. heather, thick grass). Whilst UAV solid‐state LiDAR needs to be supplemented with bathymetric mapping to produce wet–dry DEMs, by itself, it offers advantages to comparable geomatics technologies for kilometre‐scale surveys. Ten best practice recommendations will assist users of UAV solid‐state LiDAR to produce bare earth DEMs.
The impact of halogen free phosphorus, inorganic and nitrogen flame retardants on the toxicity and density of smoke from 10 common polymers
Authors: Feuchter H. , Poutch F. , Beard A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe toxicity and density of smoke from 10 commonly used commercial polymer types was studied using the European railway standard EN 45545‐2. This test method was chosen because it reflects the current state‐of‐the‐art in assessing the hazards of smoke in bench‐scale test scenarios (not because of a specific link to railway applications). The study involves 72 commercially relevant formulations provided by 12 industrial companies. Polymers studied include PE, PP, PC, PA6, PA66, u‐PVC, p‐PVC, PU, PIR, and epoxy resins. Reference samples as well as samples containing halogenated and Phosphorus, Inorganic or Nitrogen based Flame Retardants (PIN FRs) were tested according to the French tubular furnace method (NF X 70‐100) to evaluate their smoke toxicity at 600°C and according to ISO 5659‐2 at 50 kW m−2 with Annex C of EN 45545‐2 to evaluate their smoke density as well as toxicity at 4 and 8 min. This study highlights that the measured toxicity and calculated Conventional Indexes of Toxicity (CITNLP, CIT4 min, CIT8 min), as well as maximum smoke density (DsMAX) show generally no significant increase in the presence of PIN FRs in comparison to the neat polymers. The use of intumescent FRs or hydroxide based FRs generally allows considerable smoke reduction with little impact on smoke toxicity. Bromine based‐FRs were found to be detrimental to both hazards in most matrices studied here.
Plectranthus amboinicus and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) essential oils effects on performance, antioxidant activity, intestinal health, immune response, and plasma biochemistry in broiler chickens
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Saied , Shariatmadari Farid , Karimi Torshizi Mohammad Amir , Ahmadi Hamed , Scholey Dawn 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis work aimed to assess the effects of Plectranthus amboinicus essential oil (PAE) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) essential oil (ROE) as feed additives on performance, antioxidant activity, intestinal microbiota, intestinal morphology, immune response, and plasma biochemistry using 320 unsexed 1‐day‐old Ross 308 broiler chickens. The chickens were assigned randomly into four treatments containing eight replicates with 10 chickens each. Treatment diets included a basal diet as a control group, 100 mg/kg PAE, 200 mg/kg PAE, and 100 mg/kg ROE. ROE affected the growth performance in the starter phase by improving (p = .01) the feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control diet. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the plasma were elevated (p < .0001) by both feed additives. Supplementation of additives could increase (p < .006) total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Furthermore, malondialdehyde (MDA) values in the breast (p < .0001) and thigh (p < .001) for all supplemented diets were less than the control group. The essential oils (EOs) reduced (p < .005) coliform counts in the ileum and increased (p = .029) lactic acid bacteria counts. In addition, villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD) increased, whereas the density of goblet cells decreased in the small intestine when feed additives were included. Also, the antibody titers against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were increased (p < .0001) by EOs. Plasma total protein (p = .04) and globulin (p = .02) were increased, and cholesterol was reduced (p = .002) by supplemented diets. Our study revealed that PAE could effectively improve the antioxidant activity, intestinal microbiota population, intestinal morphology, immune response, and plasma biochemistry parameters in broiler chickens.
Functional stirred yogurt manufactured using co‐microencapsulated or free forms of grape pomace and flaxseed oil as bioactive ingredients: Physicochemical, antioxidant, rheological, microstructural, and sensory properties
Authors: Saberi Manaf , Saremnezhad Solmaz , Soltani Mostafa , Faraji Alireza 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFunctional stirred yogurt samples were manufactured with combinations of grape pomace (GP) and flaxseed oil (FO) in microencapsulated or free forms (2% w/w) and quality characteristics of yogurts were investigated during 21 days of storage. The incorporation of GP and FO in microencapsulated or free forms caused a significant decrease in pH, syneresis, and a significant increase in acidity, water holding capacity, and viscosity of stirred yogurt (p < .05). While stirred yogurt containing GP and FO in free form had the highest loss modulus (G″), all yogurt samples represented solid‐like behavior. Stirred yogurts containing the microencapsulated form of GP and FO showed the highest amount of phenolics and antioxidant activity compared with the two other yogurt samples (p < .05). More compact structure and higher gel strength were observed in stirred yogurts formulated with the microencapsulated or free form of GP and FO, compared to the control yogurt sample. The overall sensory acceptability of stirred yogurt manufactured using the encapsulated form of GP and FO was not significantly different from the control yogurt sample (p > .05). In conclusion of this competitive study, GP and FO as bioactive compounds could be used in the microencapsulated form in order to develop functional stirred yogurt with specific quality characteristics.
The clock drawing test is an important contribution to the Mini Mental State Examination in screening for cognitive impairment
Authors: Claus Caroline C. , Staekenborg Salka S. , Verweij Kim H. W. , Schuur Jacqueline , van der Werf Sieberen P. , Scheltens Philip , Claus Jules J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe clock drawing test (CDT) and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) are frequently used screening instruments for cognitive impairment, however, the precise contribution of the CDT to the MMSE is largely unknown.MethodsWe studied patients with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI, n = 481), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 628) and Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 1099). Discrimination between patients was examined with multiple logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, and education. Four groups were constructed based on a normal/abnormal MMSE (cut‐off <24/30) versus normal/abnormal CDT (cut‐off ≤2/3). Visually rated medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) on CT was used as parameter of neurodegeneration.ResultsThe CDT significantly contributed to the MMSE in discriminating SCI from both MCI and AD patients. Our four group analyses showed that of those patients with a normal MMSE and incorrectly classified as SCI, an abnormal CDT could significantly identify 10.0% as MCI and 13.2% as AD. Among those with an abnormal MMSE, the percentage AD patients shifted from 53.1% to 82.1% due to an abnormal CDT. Presence of an abnormal CDT was significantly related to MTA increase, regardless of the MMSE score.ConclusionThe CDT is an important additional screening tool to the MMSE. An abnormal CDT with a normal MMSE is an indicator for cognitive impairment. An abnormal CDT in combination with an abnormal MMSE can be considered as an indicator of disease progression.
R&D alliances and SMEs post‐entry internationalization speed: The impact of alliance management capability and co‐innovation ambidexterity
Authors: Zahoor Nadia , Al‐Tabbaa Omar , Khan Zaheer 
Published: April 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryThis study delves into the relationship between alliance management capability (AMC) and the post‐entry internationalization speed of small‐sized and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). We develop a novel theoretical framework that illuminates the effect of co‐innovation ambidexterity as a mechanism that unlocks AMC value in speeding up SME internationalization following entry into foreign markets. To validate our framework, we conduct an empirical investigation using a sample of 278 UK‐based manufacturing SMEs. Our findings support the proposition that co‐innovation ambidexterity is a crucial mediating mechanism through which AMC boosts the post‐entry internationalization speed of SMEs. Therefore, this research sheds new light on the critical roles of AMC and co‐innovation ambidexterity during the post‐entry stage, which has far‐reaching implications for the fields of international entrepreneurship and international strategic alliances.Managerial SummaryInternationalizing SMEs are increasingly forming alliances with the aim of accessing and leveraging external knowledge to tackle the challenges they typically encounter during post‐entry phase. However, these alliances are difficult to establish and manage, which results in high failure rates. To address this lacuna, we argue that AMC and co‐innovation ambidexterity facilitate the post‐entry internationalization speed of SMEs. Using data from 278 UK‐based manufacturing SMEs, we show that AMC is an important capability that allows SMEs to leverage and harness the knowledge of their alliances for co‐innovation ambidexterity, which, in turn, increases their post‐entry internationalization speed. Together, these findings provide important insights for those SMEs' managers who aim to develop effective strategies for rapid internationalization via strategic alliances.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Clicked Ferrocene‐BODIPY‐Fullerene Conjugates
Authors: Rabah Jad , Fatima Anam , Fensterbank Hélène , Wright Karen , Vallée Anne , Gueye Maïssa , Burdzinski Gotard , Clavier Gilles , Miomandre Fabien , Pham Julie , Sliwa Michel , Méallet‐Renault Rachel , Steenkeste Karine , Pino Thomas , Ha‐Thi Minh‐Huong , Allard Emmanuel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFerrocene‐BODIPY (Fc‐BDP) conjugates in which one or two ferrocene entities are linked to the β‐positions of the BODIPY core by an ethynyl bridge have been developed. These derivatives were easily and efficiently grafted onto a dual‐clickable fullerene platform using CuAAC reactions, leading to a clickable Fc‐BDP‐C60 triad and a clickable [Fc]2‐BDP‐C60 tetrad which can be used for further derivatization with complex structures. Due to the extended π‐conjugation and the presence of an intramolecular charge transfer band from Fc to BDP, all these conjugates display a broad absorption in the visible region, which is bathochromically shifted when two Fc are appended to the BDP core. Ultrafast multistep electron transfers leading to charge stabilization were demonstrated in the Fc‐BDP‐C60 triad and [Fc]2‐BDP‐C60 tetrad by femtosecond transient absorption studies.
2D‐Quantitative structure–activity relationship modeling for risk assessment of pharmacotherapy applied during pregnancy
Authors: Karaduman Gul , Kelleci Çelik Feyza 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe risk evaluation for pharmacological therapy during pregnancy is critical for maternal and fetal health. The initial risk assessment stage, the risk measurement, begins with pregnancy‐labeling categories (A, B, C, D, and X) for pharmaceuticals defined by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Recently, in silico methods have been preferred in toxicology studies to eliminate ethical issues before conducting clinical toxicology studies and animal experiments. Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) modeling is one of the in silico methodologies. The research focuses on creating a QSAR model that predicts the five FDA pregnancy categories of medications. Our dataset included 868 pharmaceuticals, containing nearly every pharmacological group collected from the FDA. 2D‐molecular descriptors were calculated using PaDEL software. Twenty‐four QSAR models were developed, and the best four models were discussed. The results of the models were compared according to sensitivity, accuracy, F‐score, specificity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) values, and Matthews correlation coefficient. Considering the statistical results, random forest is the best model for determining the pregnancy risk category of drugs. The accuracy of the model was 76.49% for internal and 93.58% for external validation. According to the kappa statistics, there is an average agreement of 0.583 for internal validation and a perfect agreement of 0.893 for external validation. Because the error rates of the model are very close to 0, the model is highly accurate. Consequently, our novel QSAR model gives guidance on the safe use of pharmaceuticals during pregnancy without requiring animal tests or clinical trials on pregnant women.
AQP8 may affect glioma proliferation and growth by regulating GSK‐3β phosphorylation and nuclear transport of β‐catenin
Authors: Cai Ziling , Shen Zihao , Zhao Jing , Zhang Hao , Guo Zhen , Xia Qingqian , Liang Hang , Liu Junnan , Tan Lihao , Sheng Huajun , Zhu Shujuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this work is to examine the impact of AQP8 on the proliferation and development of human glioma cell lines A172 and U251 and to determine if aquaporin 8 (AQP8) is associated with GSK‐3β phosphorylation and nuclear transport of β‐catenin in the Wnt signaling pathway.MethodsAQP8 knockdown cell lines were constructed using a CRISPR/Cas9 double vector lentivirus infection. SAM/dCas9 was used to construct AQP8 overexpression cell lines and the CV084 lentivirus vector was used to construct AQP8 rescue cell lines. AQP8 and its mRNA, and phosphorylated GSK‐3β, β‐catenin, and other related proteins, were detected using western blot and qRT‐PCR. Glioma cell apoptosis was detected using Hoechst 33342 dye. The migration of glioma cells was discovered using a wound healing assay. β‐catenin localization in cells was detected using immunofluorescence staining.ResultsThe proliferative and migratory capacities of A172 and U251 cells were significantly enhanced after AQP8 overexpression. The Wnt signaling pathways appeared to have higher levels of phosphorylated GSK‐3β and β‐catenin, and a rise in the fluorescence intensity ratio of β‐catenin in the nucleus and cytoplasm, which suggests that β‐catenin translocated into the nucleus, while AQP8 knockdown produced the opposite effect. Further, overexpression of AQP8 in AQP8 knockdown cell lines rescued the reduction of related protein levels caused by AQP8 knockdown.ConclusionHigh AQP8 expression promotes proliferation and growth of glioma cells, a process associated with phosphorylation of GSK‐3β and nuclear translocation of β‐catenin.
Artificial Intelligence Applications in Glioma With 1p/19q Co‐Deletion: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zhang Simin , Yin Lijuan , Ma Lu , Sun Huaiqiang 
Published: April 2023

As an important genomic marker for oligodendrogliomas, early determination of 1p/19q co‐deletion status is critical for guiding therapy and predicting prognosis in patients with glioma. The purpose of this study is to systematically review the literature concerning the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with artificial intelligence (AI) methods for predicting 1p/19q co‐deletion status in glioma. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and IEEE Xplore were searched in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses guidelines. Methodological quality of studies was assessed according to the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies‐2. Finally, 28 studies were included in the quantitative analysis. Diagnostic test accuracy reached an area under the ROC curve of 0.71–0.98 were reported in 24 studies. The remaining four studies with no available AUC provided an accuracy of 0.75–0. 89. The included studies varied widely in terms of imaging sequences, input features, and modeling methods. The current review highlighted that integrating MRI with AI technology is a potential tool for determination 1p/19q status pre‐operatively and noninvasively, which can possibly help clinical decision‐making. However, the reliability and feasibility of this approach still need to be further validated and improved in a real clinical setting.Evidence Level2.Technical Efficacy2.
Machine Learning Analysis of Physical Activity Data to Classify Postural Dysfunction
Authors: Vanstrum Erik B. , Choi Janet S. , Bensoussan Yael , Bassett Alaina M. , Crowson Matthew G. , Chiarelli Peter A. 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundMachine learning (ML) analysis of biometric data in non‐controlled environments is underexplored.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether ML analysis of physical activity data can be employed to classify whether individuals have postural dysfunction in middle‐aged and older individuals.MethodsA 1 week period of physical activity was measured by a waist‐worn uni‐axial accelerometer during the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey sampling period. Features of physical activity along with basic demographic information (42 variables) were paired with ML models to predict the success or failure of a standard 30 s modified Romberg test during which participants had their eyes closed and stood upon a 3‐inch compliant surface. Model performance was evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC‐ROC), balanced accuracy, and F1‐score.ResultsThe cohort was comprised of 1625 participants ≥40 years (median age 61, IQR 51–71). Approximately half (47%) were diagnosed with postural dysfunction having failed the binarized (pass/fail) scoring mechanism of the modified Romberg exam. Five ML models were trained on the classification task, achieving AUC values ranging from 0.67 to 0.73. The support vector machine (SVM) and a gradient‐boosted model, XGBoost, achieved the highest AUC of 0.73 (SD 0.71–0.75). Age was the most important variable for SVM classification, followed by four features that evaluated accelerometer counts at various thresholds, including those delineating total, moderate, and moderate‐vigorous activity.ConclusionsML analysis of accelerometer‐derived physical activity data to classify postural dysfunction in middle‐aged and older individuals is feasible in real‐world environments such as the home.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:3529–3533, 2023
Organic Phosphoric Acid Doped Polyaniline‐Coupled g‐C3N4 for Enhancing Fire Safety of Intumescent Flame‐Retardant Epoxy Resin
Authors: Chen Xilei , Piao Junxiu , Dong Huixin , Ou Mingyu , Lian Richeng , Guan Haocun , Cui Jiahui , Jiao Chuanmei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTwo kinds of polyaniline coupled graphitized carbon nitride nanosheets doped with different organic phosphoric acids (CP@PA, with phytic acid; CP@NP, with amino trimethyl phosphonic acid) are developed by in‐situ polymerization. According to the analysis of the section morphology and element distribution of epoxy resin (EP) composites, although CP@PA and CP@NP show completely different morphology, they can significantly enhance the dispersion of graphitized carbon nitride nanosheets in EP. Moreover, the different oxidation states of phosphorus contained in the CP@PA and CP@NP lead to varying effects on the fire safety of EP. The flame retardancy Index (FRI) is a dimensionless index to evaluate the performance of flame retardants. When used as a flame retardant, CP@NP (FRI = 3.22) is better than CP@PA (FRI = 1.29) in flame retardant, especially in suppressing thermal hazards. As a synergist of intumescent flame retardants (IFR), CP@PA (FRI = 26.12) is most effective in improving the comprehensive fire safety property of EP and achieves an “Excellent” rating. Therefore, two different flame‐retardant mechanisms of CP@PA and CP@NP are summarized by analyzing the combustion behavior and changes of condensed phase. In summary, this research may be helpful to the design of nano synergies for IFR systems.
RNA sequencing and expression analysis reveal a role for Lhx9 in the haploinsufficient adult mouse ovary
Authors: Workman Stephanie , Wilson Megan J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the molecular pathways that underpin ovarian development and function is vital for improving the research approaches to investigating fertility. Despite a significant improvement in our knowledge of molecular activity in the ovary, many questions remain unanswered in the quest to understand factors influencing fertility and ovarian pathologies such as cancer. Here, we present an investigation into the expression and function of the developmental transcription factor LIM Homeobox 9 (LHX9) in the adult mouse ovary. We have characterized Lhx9 expression in several cell types of the mature ovary across follicle stages. To evaluate possible LHX9 function in the adult ovary, we investigated ovarian anatomy and transcription in an Lhx9+/− knockout mouse model displaying subfertility. Despite a lack of gross anatomical differences between genotypes, RNA‐sequencing found that 90 differentially expressed genes between Lhx9+/− and Lhx9+/+ mice. Gene ontology analyses revealed a reduced expression of genes with major roles in ovarian steroidogenesis and an increased expression of genes associated with ovarian cancer. Analysis of the ovarian epithelium revealed Lhx9+/− mice have a disorganized epithelial phenotype, corresponding to a significant increase in epithelial marker gene expression. These results provide an analysis of Lhx9 in the adult mouse ovary, suggesting a role in fertility and ovarian epithelial cancer.