bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adiponectin receptor activation with AdipoRon prevents Truvada-induced microvascular oxidative stress and dysfunction in mice
Authors: Wilcox Christopher , Li Tian , Du Eric , Kassaye Seble , Wang Dan 
Published: May 2023

Background: Persons living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) and treated with anti-retroviral therapy such as emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Truvada, TVD) have increased cardiovascular risk but the mehcamisms and management are unclear. Since we found that PLHIV treated with antiretroviral drugs including TVD had significantly (P<0.05) decreased adiponectin in plasma (3.3±0.3 vs 4.5±0.5 μg · mL-1) and in perivascular adipose tissue (14±1 vs 22±2 μg·mg protein-1 ·mL-1), we tested the hypothesis that impaired adiponectin signaling with TVD causes microvascular dysfunction. Methods: CB57Bl/6 mice (n=6-8/ group) were administered vehicle (Veh), TVD (30 mg/kg/day), AdipoRon (ADR; adiponectin receptor agonist; 50 ug/kg/day) or both orally for 28 days. Mesenteric resistance arterioles were studied on isometric myographs and microvascular nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) by RatioMaster. Results: TVD significantly (P<0.05) increased malondialdehyde in serum (50±5 vs 17±2 μM) and in urine (59±15 vs 7±3 μM), urine albumin/creatinine ratio (0.9±0.1 vs 0.04±0.0), microvascular contractions to U-46,619 (98± vs 88±3%; P<0.05) and endothelin-1 (83± vs 69±3%), cellular ROS (DHE: 0.29±0.03 vs 0.15±0.04 unit) and mitochondrial ROS (mitotempo: 0.25±0.04 vs 0.12±0.03 unit) and reduced endothelium-dependent relaxation (48± vs 81±3%) and NO (0.28±0.03 vs 0.42±0.07 units). ADR alone did not alter these measurements but significantly (P<0.05) prevented all of these effects of TVD. Conclusions: Activation of adiponectin receptors prevents the systemic and microvascular oxidative stress, microvascular endothelial dysfunction and NO deficiency and enhanced contractility caused by one month of TVD. Therefore, AdipoRon may mitigate the excess cardiovascular disease of PLHIV who are receiving Truvada. NIH National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH 5RO1-HL134511 This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Targeting adrenergic receptors to activate brown fat without cardiovascular effects
Authors: Dumont Lauralyne , Caron Alexandre , Richard Gabriel , Croteau Etienne , Fortin Mélanie , Frisch Frédérique , Phoenix Serge , Dubreuil Stéphanie , Guérin Brigitte , Turcotte Éric , Carpentier André , Blondin Denis 
Published: May 2023

Background: We previously revealed that oral administration of the β3-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist mirabegron only elicited small increases in brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis when ingested at the maximal allowable dose (200 mg). This led to off-target binding of the β1- and β2-AR, thereby increasing cardiovascular responses and white adipose tissue lipolysis, respectively. We hypothesize that a balanced activation between β1- and β3-AR is key to stimulating metabolic benefits without cardiovascular side effects. Method: We performed a randomized crossover trial in 8 lean men over two study days. The intervention consisted of oral administration of mirabegron (200 mg) with or without the cardio selective β1-AR antagonist bisoprolol (10 mg). Dynamic [11C]-acetate and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) PET/CT scans were performed sequentially starting at 210 min after oral administration of mirabegron ± bisoprolol. Results: Compared to baselines measures, mirabegron alone or with bisoprolol increased energy expenditure (EE) by 27% (+18.2±6.7 kcal/h) and 11% (7.4±8.1 kcal/h), respectively. However, EE was significantly lower when mirabegron was co-ingested with bisoprolol (P=0.0402) Compared to room temperature, mirabegron alone increased BAT oxidative metabolism (0.631±0.267 vs 1.695±1.097 min-1 from the [11C]-acetate, P=0.0421), but was not different from mirabegron with bisoprolol (1.273±0.651 min-1). Metabolic rate of glucose in BAT, measured using [18F]FDG PET, was significantly higher with mirabegron than mirabegron combined with bisoprolol (24±10 vs 16±8 nmol/g/min, P=0.0284). Mirabegron also increased systolic blood pressure (+5±5 vs -6±10 mmHg, P=0.0252) and heart rate (6±7 vs -5±6 beats·min-1, P=0.0081) relative to baseline levels, which was prevented with bisoprolol. The glycerolipid-fatty acid cycling was not different between mirabegron without or with bisoprolol treatment (total cycling: 118.1±346.9 vs 168.5±439.5 μmol·min-1, P=0.8023). Conclusion: The administration of a β1-AR antagonist decreases the adverse cardiovascular effects of mirabegron. However, at the provided dose, it also restricts the stimulating effects of mirabegron on the thermogenesis. Public foundation grants This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Downslope Windstorm Forecasting: Easier with a Critical Level, but Still Challenging for High-Resolution Ensembles
Authors: Metz Johnathan J. , Durran Dale R. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Strong downslope windstorms can cause extensive property damage and extreme wildfire spread, so their accurate prediction is important. Although some early studies suggested high predictability for downslope windstorms, more recent analyses have found limited predictability for such winds. Nevertheless, there is a theoretical basis for expecting higher downslope wind predictability in cases with a mean-state critical level, and this is supported by one previous effort to forecast actual events. To more thoroughly investigate downslope windstorm predictability, we compare archived simulations from the NCAR ensemble, a 10-member mesoscale ensemble run at 3-km horizontal grid spacing over the entire contiguous United States, to observed events at 15 stations in the western United States susceptible to strong downslope winds. We assess predictability in three contexts: the average ensemble spread, which provides an estimate of potential predictability; a forecast evaluation based upon binary-decision criteria, which is representative of operational hazard warnings; and a probabilistic forecast evaluation using the continuous ranked probability score (CRPS), which is a measure of an ensemble’s ability to generate the proper probability distribution for the events under consideration. We do find better predictive skill for the mean-state critical-level regime in comparison to other downslope windstorm–generating mechanisms. Our downslope windstorm warning performance, calculated using binary-decision criteria from the bias-corrected ensemble forecasts, performed slightly worse for no-critical-level events, and slightly better for critical-level events, than National Weather Service high-wind warnings aggregated over all types of high-wind events throughout the United States and annually averaged for each year between 2008 and 2019.
Parents’ Opinions About Pediatric Otolaryngology on Social Media
Authors: Reese Alyssa D. , DiNardo Lauren A. , Powers Kristina F. , Behar Philomena , Carr Michele M. 
Published: May 2023

Objective: Social media is a novel tool that many parents turn to when looking for a new healthcare provider. The purpose of this study is to assess how parents of children attending a pediatric otolaryngology practice engage with social media. Study Design: Survey Setting: Two pediatric otolaryngology clinics associated with a tertiary care children’s hospital in Buffalo, NY. Methods: Parents of children aged <18 years were surveyed. The survey consisted of 25 questions divided into 5 categories: demographics, social media accounts, social media use, use of social media to interact with pediatric otolaryngologists, and perception of pediatric otolaryngologists’ social media accounts. Frequencies were calculated. Results: Three hundred five parent participants were included. 247 (81.0) were female and 57 (18.97) were male. 258 (84.6%) of the participants reported use of Facebook, which was the most popular social media platform. 238 (78.0%) of participants indicated that they would want to see medical posts and 98 (32.1%) participants indicated that they would want to see personal posts on the pediatric otolaryngologist’s social media page. Younger parents were statistically more likely to check social media more often ( P = .001) and seek a pediatric otolaryngologist’s social media before seeing them ( P = .018). Conclusion: Use of social media by pediatric otolaryngologists may positively impact the way a small percentage of their patients’ parents perceive them. Social media accounts do not appear to be a vital part of pediatric otolaryngology practice in 2022.
Caregiver Perceived Stress as a Link Between Family COVID-19 Experiences and Early Adolescent Mental Health Symptomology
Authors: Berryhill M. Blake , Horton Abby G. , Masters Stephanie L. , Mack Daniel R. , Cross Allison N. , Parker Jeff G. , Barth Joan M. , McDonald Kristina L. 
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with family adjustment, heightened adolescent mental health symptomology, and increased caregiver stress. The current study used a diverse sample of caregivers and early adolescents to examine the association between pandemic-related experiences, caregiver perceived stress, and adolescent mental health. Two hundred and 34 caregivers and their adolescents (10–14 years old) from the Southeastern United States completed surveys during the early stages of the pandemic. Structural equation modeling analyses tested the relationship between COVID-19 experiences, caregiver perceived stress, and adolescent mental health, and whether perceived stress could explain the relationship between COVID-19 experiences and adolescent mental health symptomology. Findings reveal that perceived stress was a significant indirect effect in the relationship between COVID-19 experience and adolescent mental health symptomology.
Percutaneous ablation treatment in metastatic lung tumors: a single-center experience
Authors: Ergun Onur , Birgi Erdem , Hekimoğlu Azad , Eraslan Önder , Durmaz Hasan Ali , Karaçin Cengiz , İmamoğlu Gökşen İnanç , Eren Tülay , Yazılıtaş Doğan , Hekimoğlu Baki 
Published: May 2023

Background In recent years, many studies have proven that percutaneous thermal ablation is an effective second-line treatment method with low complication rates in early-stage non-small cell lung carcinoma and lung metastases. Radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation are commonly used for this purpose. Purpose To evaluate the factors affecting the success of the percutaneous thermal ablation treatment with technical success, complication rates, and long-term follow-up results in metastatic lung lesions. Material and Methods Computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous ablation was performed for 70 metastatic lung lesions in 35 patients (22 men, 13 women; mean age = 61.34 years; age range = 41–75 years). Radiofrequency ablation was performed in 53/70 (75.7%) lesions and microwave ablation in 17/70 (24.3%) lesions. Results The technical success rate was 98.6%. Median overall survival, progression-free survival, and local recurrence-free survival of the patients were 33.9 months (range=25.6–42.1 months), 12 months (range=4.9–19.2 months), and 24.2 months (range=8.2–40.1 months), respectively. One- and two-year overall survival rates were 84% and 74%, respectively. Median progression-free survival times were 20.3 months and 11.4 months, respectively, according to the number of metastatic lung lesions being single and multiple, and the difference was statistically significant ( P = 0.046). According to the number of lesions ≤3 and >3, the difference was also found statistically significant ( P = 0.024) (14.3 months and 5.7 months, respectively). Conclusion In conclusion, CT-guided percutaneous thermal ablation is a safe and effective treatment method in metastatic lung lesions. The number of lesions is the most important factor in predicting treatment success.
Screening outcome for interpretation by the first and second reader in a population-based mammographic screening program with independent double reading
Authors: Hovda Tone , Sagstad Silje , Larsen Marthe , Chen Yan , Hofvind Solveig 
Published: May 2023

Background Double reading of screening mammograms is associated with a higher rate of screen-detected cancer than single reading, but different strategies exist regarding reader pairing and blinding. Knowledge about these aspects is important when considering strategies for future use of artificial intelligence in mammographic screening. Purpose To investigate screening outcome, histopathological tumor characteristics, and mammographic features stratified by the first and the second reader in a population based screening program for breast cancer. Material and Methods The study sample consisted of data from 3,499,048 screening examinations from 834,691 women performed during 1996–2018 in BreastScreen Norway. All examinations were interpreted independently by two radiologists, 272 in total. We analyzed interpretation score, recall, and cancer detection, as well as histopathological tumor characteristics and mammographic features of the cancers, stratified by the first and second readers. Results For Reader 1, the rate of positive interpretations was 4.8%, recall 2.3%, and cancer detection 0.5%. The corresponding percentages for Reader 2 were 4.9%, 2.5%, and 0.5% ( P < 0.05 compared with Reader 1). No statistical difference was observed for histopathological tumor characteristics or mammographic features when stratified by Readers 1 and 2. Recall and cancer detection were statistically higher and histopathological tumor characteristics less favorable for cases detected after concordant positive compared with discordant interpretations. Conclusion Despite reaching statistical significance, mainly due to the large study sample, we consider the differences in interpretation scores, recall, and cancer detection between the first and second readers to be clinically negligible. For practical and clinical purposes, double reading in BreastScreen Norway is independent.
Immune checkpoint inhibition in advanced colorectal cancer with inherited and acquired microsatellite instability: Current state and future directions
Authors: Dasanu Constantin A , Alani Mohammed , Habibi Shaghayegh , Codreanu Ion 
Published: May 2023

Objective This paper reviews comprehensively the most relevant data on single-agent and combination therapies for advanced colorectal cancer with inherited and acquired microsatellite instability (MSI). Data Sources We performed a systematic search on PubMed and MEDLINE articles published from inception to December 2022. We have also searched independent websites including U.S. Food and Drug Administration and ClinicalTrials.gov. Data Summary Performing microsatellite stability testing, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and germline mutation analysis could identify patients with metastatic colorectal cancer that benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Single-agent pembrolizumab has proven superiority over traditional chemotherapy in these patients. The nivolumab–ipilimumab is the only combination ICI therapy approved in this space. Recently, the anti-PD-1 antibody dostarlimab was granted Food and Drug Administration approval in refractory tissue-agnostic advanced solid cancers with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR). ICIs are also being studied in the adjuvant/neoadjuvant setting in colon cancer patients with dMMR. Newer agents are being scrutinized in this space as well. More solid data on biomarkers predicting responses in patients with MSI-high or TMB-H to various therapies are needed. Given its both clinical and financial toxicity, it is imperative to determine the optimal duration of ICI therapy in individual patients. Conclusions Overall, the outlook in advanced colorectal cancer patients with MSI appears optimistic as new and efficacious ICI drugs and combinations are being added to the existing therapeutic armamentarium.
Social workers’ perceptions of intimate relationships of people with intellectual disabilities in residential settings
Authors: Holler Roni , Bondorevsky-Heyman Chen 
Published: May 2023

Summary People with intellectual disabilities still struggle to enjoy intimate and sexual relationships. Social workers have a potentially key role in realizing the intimate and sexual rights of people with intellectual disabilities, particularly in residential settings. However, we still know relatively little about the meaning social workers attribute to such relationships. The present study addresses this lacuna by examining the perceptions and practices of 15 Israeli social workers in residential settings. Findings Drawing on thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews, two key themes are identified: (1) Intimate relationships as a human need, and (2) Intimacy with a question mark. Combined, these themes depict an ambivalent position toward residents’ intimate and sexual relationships. Applications The study's findings highlight the need to incorporate intimacy and sexuality within social work education, with a particular focus on people with intellectual disabilities and positive aspects of intimacy and sexuality. From a policy perspective, the findings urge state and professional authorities to develop national guidelines on realizing intimate rights.
Improved catheter delivery for aspiration thrombectomy using Tenzing 7 ledge reducing catheter and FreeClimb 70
Authors: Settecase Fabio , Kim Warren T , Sivapatham Thinesh , Khangura Rajkamal , Caldwell James , Lee Shane , Hixson H Robert , Hoss Daniel , English Joey D 
Published: May 2023

Purpose Previous comparative mechanical thrombectomy device trials reported a substantial crossover rate from first-line aspiration to stent-retriever thrombectomy. A specialized delivery catheter may help track large-bore aspiration catheters to target occlusions. We report our multicenter experience of aspiration thrombectomy of intracranial large vessel occlusions using the FreeClimbTM 70 and Tenzing® 7 delivery catheter (Route 92, San Mateo, CA). Methods After local Institutional Review Board approval, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical, procedural, and imaging data of patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy with the FreeClimb 70 and Tenzing 7. Results FreeClimb 70 was successfully delivered using Tenzing 7 to target occlusion in 30/30 (100%) patients (18 M1, 6 M2, 4 ICA-terminus, and 2 basilar artery occlusions), without the use of a stent-retriever for anchoring. In 21/30 (70%) cases, a leading microwire was not needed to advance the Tenzing 7 to the target. Median (interquartile range) time from groin puncture to first pass was 12 (interquartile range 8–15) minutes. Overall first pass effect, or first pass effect (modified thrombolysis in cerebral ischemia 2C-3), was achieved 16/30 (53%). For M1 occlusions, first pass effect was 11/18 (61%). Successful reperfusion (modified thrombolysis in cerebral ischemia ≥ 2B) was achieved in 29/30 (97%) cases after a median of 1 pass (interquartile range 1–3). Median groin puncture to reperfusion time was 16 (interquartile range 12–26) minutes. There were no procedural complications or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Average improvement in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at discharge was 6.6  ±  7.1. There were three patient deaths (renal failure, respiratory failure, and comfort care). Conclusions Initial data support the use of Tenzing 7 with FreeClimb 70 catheter for reliable access to rapid, effective, and safe aspiration thrombectomy of large vessel occlusions.
Recombinant factor IX Fc prophylaxis reduces pain and increases levels of physical activity, with sustained, long-term improvements in patients with hemophilia B: post hoc analysis of phase III trials using patient-reported outcomes
Authors: Astermark Jan , Hermans Cédric , Ezzalfani Monia , Sidhom Alaeddine , Barbier Sylvaine , Kragh Nana , Falk Aletta , Eriksson Daniel 
Published: May 2023

Background: Pain is a common symptom of hemophilia that may adversely affect patients’ quality of life (QoL). Previous post hoc analyses of prophylaxis with recombinant factor IX Fc fusion protein (rFIXFc) have been published for adults and adolescents, demonstrating improvements in health-related QoL (HRQoL) when assessed by the haemophilia-specific QoL (HaemAQoL) questionnaire. Objective: To describe in depth the evolution of QoL, pain- and activity-related domains and questions for pediatric, adolescent, and adult patients with hemophilia B treated with rFIXFc prophylaxis. Design: A post hoc analysis of data from a series of clinical trials. Methods: This post hoc, long-term analysis assessed patient-reported outcomes (PROs) from the Kids B-LONG (NCT01440946: pediatric) and B-LONG (NCT01027364: adults and adolescents) parent studies and the B-YOND (NCT01425723: all age groups) extension study. Results: Ninety-two adult and adolescent patients that started in the B-LONG study were assessed, with a median (range) duration of follow-up of 58.9 (0.0–78.4) months. The Haem-A-QoL total score was significantly reduced from baseline by 4.45 ( p ⩽ 0.01), as were the subdomains ‘physical health’ (9.10; p = 0.001), ‘sports and leisure’ (11.25; p ⩽ 0.01), ‘treatment’ (2.69; p = 0.05), and ‘view of self’ (5.81; p = 0.002). Thirty pediatric patients that started in the Kids B-LONG study were assessed, with a median (min–max) duration of follow-up of 36.7 (9.0–59.9) months. The high level of satisfaction demonstrated by the PROs at baseline was maintained. Conclusion: rFIXFc prophylaxis reduced perceived pain and increased levels of physical activity with sustained, long-term improvements in QoL in adult and adolescent patients with hemophilia B and maintained high QoL scores in pediatric patients.
Mindfulness meditation intervention improves the mindfulness awareness level of nurses’ second victims to enhance their psychological support
Authors: Li Jieli , Yan Xixi , Chen Guiru , Sun Huimin 
Published: May 2023

Introduction The medical staff involved in adverse events, referred to as second victims, usually suffer second victim syndrome endangering their health. Still, there are few organizational support projects in this area in China. Objective To explore the effect of mindfulness meditation on the level and needs of organizational support, and mindfulness awareness among nurses as second victims. Methods Forty-six nurses from a comprehensive tertiary hospital in Wuhan, China were selected to participate in the study. This study was conducted using a convenience sampling method for eight weeks of mindfulness meditation intervention. The Second Victim Experience and Support Tool and Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale were used to assessing the need for support and mindfulness awareness of nurses prior to intervention, during the fourth and eighth weeks of intervention, and at the conclusion of the intervention course. Results The difference between the scores measured before the intervention, in the fourth week, and in the eighth week of intervention showed that the need for the second victim support from work-related organizations was significant ( F  =  34.513, p  =  .000); there was no significant difference in the scores related to the need for nonwork-related support of the second victim in the participating nurses ( F  =  1.373, p = .257); the scores of the level of mindfulness awareness were (64.85  ±  11.41), (68.63  ±  11.33), and (71.20  ±  8.41), a significant difference ( F = 18.848; p = .000) was found in terms of before and after the intervention; nurses’ second victim support needs gradually shifted from evasion to confronting problems appropriately. Conclusion Mindfulness meditation intervention is applicable to the second victim population of nurses. It is an effective way to support second victim nurses and can effectively improve their level of mindfulness and awareness.