A cross-sectional study of ophthalmologic examination findings in 5385 Koreans presenting with intermittent exotropia
Authors: Kim Dae Hee , Jung Jae Ho , Choi Mi Young , Hwang Jeong-Min , Kim Su Jin , Lee Yeon-hee , Han Sueng-Han , Choi Dong Gyu ,   The Korean Association of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (KAPOS),   KIEMS writing committee (listed in alphabetical order of last name), Baek Seung-Hee , Choi Hee-young , Choi Dong Gyu , Kim Dae Hee , Lee Dong Cheol , Lee Se-Youp , Lim Han Woong , Lim Hyun Taek , Lim Key Hwan , Ryu Won Yeol , Yang Hee Kyung ,   KIEMS investigators in the KAPOS (listed in the order of number of patients contributed by each investigator), Choi Hee-young , Lim Hyun Taek , Jung Jae Ho , Baek Seung-Hee , Choi Mi Young , Hwang Jeong-Min , Kim Su Jin , Lee Yeon-hee , Han Sueng-Han , Park Shin Hae , Lee Haeng-Jin , Kim Sook-Young , Lee Se-Youp , Gye Hyo Jung , Kim So Young , Shin Sun Young , Park Jihyun , Ryu Won Yeol , Park Hye Sung , Kim Dae Hee , Paik Hae Jung , Choi Dong Gyu , Lee Joo Yeon , Yang Hee Kyung , Oh Shin Yeop , Lee Soo Jung , Chung Seung Ah , Choi Jin , Oh Sei Yeul , Kim Mirae , Suh Young-Woo , Kang Nam Yeo , Yum Hae Ri , Kim Sun A. , Kim Hyuna , Han Jinu , Cho Yoonae A. , Kim Hyunkyung , Lew Helen , Lee Dong Cheol , Rah Sang Hoon , Yoo Yung-Ju , Lim Key Hwan , Ahn Hyosook , Kim Ungsoo S. , Lee Jung Ho , Choung Hokyung , Kim Seong-Joon , Jeon Hyeshin , Shin Hyun Jin , Han So Young , Heo Hwan , Park Soochul , Park Songhee , Kyung Sung Eun , Kim Changzoo , Park Kyung-Ah , Jung Eun Hye , Hong Eun Hee , Lim Han Woong , Choi Daye , Choi Youn Joo , Moon Nam Ju , Lyu In Jeong , Cho Soon Young 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Korean Intermittent Exotropia Multicenter Study (KIEMS) was a retrospective, cross-sectional and multicenter study for the investigation of intermittent exotropia involved 65 strabismus specialists from 53 institutions in Korea. Purpose of this study was to present ophthalmologic findings of intermittent exotropia from the KIEMS. Consecutive patients with intermittent exotropia of ≥ 8 prism diopters (PD) at distance or near fixation were included. Best-corrected visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction data, angles of deviation at several cardinal positions, ocular dominance, fusion control, oblique muscle function, and binocular sensory outcomes were collected. A total of 5385 participants (2793 females; age 8.2 years) were included. Non-dominant eye was more myopic than the dominant eye (− 0.60 vs. − 0.47 diopters, P < 0.001). Mean exodeviation angles were 23.5 PD at distance and 25.0 PD at near fixation. Basic type (86.2%) was the most, followed by convergence insufficiency (9.4%) and divergence excess (4.4%) types. Alternating ocular dominance and good fusion control were more common at near than at distance fixation. Good stereopsis at 40 cm was observed in 49.3% in Titmus stereo test (≤ 60 arcsec) and in 71.0% in Randot stereo test (≤ 63 arcsec). Intermittent exotropia was mostly diagnosed in childhood and patients with the condition showed relatively good binocular functions. This study may provide objective findings of intermittent exotropia in a most reliable way, given that the study included a large study population and investigated comprehensive ophthalmology examinations.