bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patent scenario of COVID‐19 vaccines: A promising analysis and review of innovation and development
Authors: Madhusoodanan Lavanya , Soni Patrika , Sharma Rahul , Dubey Amit 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), a highly contagious infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has had a devastating effect on world demographics and emerged as a significant global health emergency since the influenza pandemic of 1918. It emphasized the significance of international cooperation in battling SARS‐CoV‐2 efficiently ever since the discovery and publication of the virus's genome in January 2020. The world took significant steps to combat the disease, ranging from increasing personal protective equipment production and emphasizing the importance of social distancing/masking to the Emergency Use Authorization of remdesivir/therapeutic antibodies. Despite significant advances in clinical research that have led to a better understanding of SARS‐CoV‐2 and COVID‐19 management, limiting the virus's and its variants' spread, has become a growing concern as SARS‐CoV‐2 continues to cause chaos around the world, with many countries experiencing a second or third wave of outbreaks attributed primarily due to the emergence of mutant virus variants. Considering the potential threat of this global outbreak, scientist and medics have rushed to identify possible treatment regimens and effective therapeutic drugs and vaccinations. As a matter of fact, several COVID‐19 vaccines candidate have been researched, created, tested, and reviewed at a breakneck pace. Finding patents, examining relevant patents for current research activities and assessing them plays a key part for the best possible research and development before establishing and executing a trading strategy, especially with recent technology advancements. Therefore, to support current research and development we have evaluated patents relevant to various COVID‐19 vaccine technology platforms. The aim of the present research work is to map the existing work through an analysis of patent literature in the field of Coronaviruses, particularly COVID‐19 vaccines which will subsequently help the organization launch campaigns, as well as academics and research‐driven institutions with the aid of patent literature information for a range of initiatives to combat this circulating demon.
An exceptional presentation of Charcot–Marie‐tooth 1C disease: Case report of a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Porey Camelia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCharcot–Marie‐Tooth (CMT) disease is the commonest form of hereditary sensorimotor neuropathy and presents with a vast plethora of phenotypes and genetic mutations. CMT1C is a rarer variant presenting with lower limb predominant sensorimotor involvement, associated with LITAF/SIMPLE gene mutation. We describe a case of an 18‐year‐old male with progressive asymmetrical upper limb weakness and atrophy with an extensive epidural arachnoid cyst in cervicothoracic spine. Nerve conduction study and genetic analysis aided the diagnosis of CMIT1C. This is the first case reported with the coexistence of the two pathologies that may turn out to be a phenotype of the same disease spectrum in future research.
Addisonian pigmentation associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A rare paraneoplastic phenomenon
Authors: Mehra Mani , Sachdeva Meenakshi , Dayal Surabhi , Gupta Aanchal , Deswal Monica 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAddisonian pigmentation usually presents with nonspecific symptoms and signs, which are often ignored or misdiagnosed as a sign of other more common diseases. We present a case of 12‐year‐old child in whom diffuse Addisonian hyperpigmentation of skin was associated with underlying acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐type), a rare paraneoplastic phenomenon in hematological malignancies.
The Integral Momentum Balance Applied to Metering Orifices to Obtain the Pressure Drop and the Flow Rate With High Accuracy
Authors: Müller Sebastian , Malcherek Andreas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The established method of calculating the pressure loss and the flow rate of flows through metering orifices requires empirical correction coefficients. In this paper, a completely momentum-based approach is presented to predict the flow rate and the pressure loss. It is shown that the proposed approach is as precise as the established method but without any empirical coefficient. The required physical coefficients solely base on physics. They pinpoint the sources of the inaccuracy that effects the employment of an empirical correction coefficient to correct the established method—and confirm the empirical correction coefficient on a physical foundation. Ultimately, the physical coefficients evade the effort to experimentally calibrate the theory with the experiments. The integral momentum balance is applied to a control volume comprising the orifice reaching up to the respective pressure metering cross section. Depending on the location of the control volume's open boundaries, the pressure loss or the flow rate can be obtained. To substitute the integral with averaged expressions, the introduced physical coefficients are deduced directly from numerical simulations and parametrized by simple analytical fit functions to complete the momentum-based approach. The numerical model and the proposed approach are both verified by the comparison with the results obtained by the standard ISO 5167:2003. The agreement with the classical calculation method as per ISO 5167:2003 is very high and within the specified limits, which shows that no empirical coefficient is necessary for high-accuracy flow metering using the momentum balance.
Land–Energy–Food Nexus: Competition and Societal Impact of Land Use for Sustainable Energy and Food Production—A Review
Authors: Turner Isabel B. , Pansino Christina M. , de Lemos Marcelo J. S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Land is a limited commodity that has always been fought over. Its use and allocation for various purposes have been the subject of much debate and for good reason. It is necessary for most industries. It is becoming more and more a topic of conversation as available land is used up. This review article explores land competition as it relates to the production of food and energy, as well as the ramifications of taking natural land and converting it to human use for these purposes. It also discusses the policies that some countries are enacting to deal with the ever-shrinking availability of free land and ways that society can decrease the necessity for more land.
Inertial Sensor-Based Estimation of Temporal Events in Skating Sub-Techniques While In-Field Roller Skiing
Authors: Meyer Frédéric , Lund-Hansen Magne , Kocbach Jan , Seeberg Trine M. , Sandbakk Øyvind B. , Austeng Andreas 
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study was to test and adapt a treadmill-developed method for determination of inner-cycle parameters and sub-technique in cross-country roller ski skating for a field application. The method is based on detecting initial and final ground contact of poles and skis during cyclic movements. Eleven athletes skied 4 laps of 2.5 km at low- and high-endurance intensities, using 2 types of skis with different rolling coefficients. Participants were equipped with inertial measurement units attached to their wrists and skis, and insoles with pressure sensors and poles with force measurements were used as reference systems. The method based on inertial measurement units was able to detect >97% of the temporal events detected with the reference system. The inner-cycle temporal parameters had a precision ranging from 49 to 59 milliseconds, corresponding to 3.9% to 13.7% of the corresponding inner-cycle duration. Overall, this study showed good reliability of using inertial measurement units on athletes’ wrists and skis to determine temporal events, inner-cycle parameters, and the performed sub-techniques in cross-country roller ski skating in field conditions.
Associations Between Type and Timing of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior With Mental Health in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: da Costa Bruno G.G. , Van Rooij Antonius J. , Tuijnman Anouk , Saunders Travis J. , Chaput Jean-Philippe 
Published: May 2023

Background: This cross-sectional study analyzed the association of leisure-time physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB), nonleisure PA and SB, and total PA and SB in different time segments of the day with mental health among Dutch adolescents and young adults. Methods: A total of 881 participants aged 16–25 years completed an online survey. Mental health was assessed using the Mental Health Inventory-5, and participants also reported sex, age, and income. They filled out a questionnaire of types of PA and SB for each hour of the day. Activities were categorized into nonleisure and leisure, during the morning, afternoon, evening, and for the whole day. Results: Participants (52.8% female, on average 20.8 y) generally engaged in more leisure-time PA and SB during weekends compared with weekdays, and more nonleisure activities on weekdays. Associations varied between time segments and days of the week. Positive associations of leisure-time and total PA during the whole day and evenings with mental health were observed on weekdays. Total, leisure-time, and nonleisure-time SB were associated with worse mental health. Nonleisure PA was not associated with mental health. Conclusions: Leisure-time PA was found to have a favorable association with mental health, particularly in the evenings of weekdays and afternoons of weekend days. On the other hand, leisure SB was associated with poorer mental health in most of the time segments analyzed, and nonleisure SB in the evenings was also related to worse mental health. The type and timing of PA and SB behaviors play an important role in the relationship with mental health.
2022 French Report Card on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Children and Youth: From Continuous Alarming Conclusions to Encouraging Initiatives
Authors: Fillon Alicia , Vanhelst Jeremy , Genin Pauline , Larras Benjamin , Tardieu Michéle , Porcherie Marion , Luiggi Maxime , Aubert Salomé , Verdot Charlotte , Rey Olivier , Lhuisset Lena , Bois Julien E. , Millet Guillaume Y. , Duclos Martine , Thivel David 
Published: May 2023

Background: Scientific evidence and public health reports keep highlighting the continuous and alarming worldwide progression of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors in children and adolescents. The present paper summarizes findings from the 2022 French Report Card (RC) on physical activity for children and youth and compares them to the 2016, 2018, and 2020 RCs. Methods: The 2022 edition of the French RC follows the standardized methodology established by the Active Healthy Kids Global Matrix. Ten physical activity indicators have been evaluated and graded based on the best available evidence coming from national surveys, peer-reviewed literature, government and nongovernment reports, and online information. The evaluation was also performed in children and adolescents with disabilities. Indicators were graded from A (high level of evidence) to F (very low level of evidence) or INC for incomplete. Results: The evaluated indicators received the following grades: overall physical activity: D−; organized sport participation and physical activity: C; active play: F; active transportation: C; sedentary behaviors: D−; family and peers: D; physical fitness: C; school: C−; community and the built environment: F; government: B. Conclusions: While this 2022 French RC shows progression for 7 out of the 10 indicators considered, it also underlines the continuous need for actions at the local, regional, and national levels to develop better surveillance systems and favor a long-term improvement of youth movement behaviors.
College Soccer Student-Athletes Demonstrate Differences in Self-Reported Athlete Health When Grouped by Match Volume
Authors: Pexa Brett S. , Waxman Justin P. , Westbrook Audrey E. , Ford Kevin R. 
Published: May 2023

Context: Physical changes following activity are well documented, but there is limited information about self-reported outcomes around competitive matches. High training volumes and poor recovery could predispose athletes to overuse injury. The purpose of this study was to identify the changes in daily athlete health measures before, during, and after the day of each match in high- and low-volume groups. Design: Prospective cohort. Methods: Fifty-five soccer athletes (age: 19.8 [1.2] y, 26 males, 29 females) provided daily measures of readiness, physical fatigue, mental stress, sleep quality, and soreness intensity match days, days 1 (D01) and 2 (D02) following matches, and standard practice days. Participants were grouped into high volume and low volume, based off the minutes played during the season. Results: Soreness increased, readiness decreased, and fatigue increased on D01 compared with match days (P < .008) in the high-volume group. Between groups, the high-volume group demonstrated higher soreness on D01 and D02, lower readiness on D01 and D02, and lower fatigue on D01, compared with the low-volume group (P < .008). Conclusions: Soccer athletes demonstrate significant changes in self-reported athlete health variables around competitive matches. These changes are similar to physical outcomes, potentially indicating that the athlete health variables may be used to track athlete recovery from competition, potentially limiting the impact of overuse injuries.
Supplemental Material: Physicochemical evolution and mechanism of a skarn system: Insights from the world-class Mazraeh Cu deposit, NW Iran
Authors: Rajabpour Shahrokh , al. et 
Published: May 2023

<p>Table S1: Representative EPMA analyses (in wt%) of garnet and the molecular proportions of its end-members. Table S2: Representative EPMA analyses (in wt%) of pyroxene and the molecular proportions of its end-members. Table S3: Bulk-rock major and trace elements composition of selected granodiorite samples. Table S4: Types of fluid inclusions in minerals from various hydrothermal assemblages of the Mazraeh deposit and their microthermometry results for 49 FIAs. Table S5: Oxygen, hydrogen and sulfur isotope compositions of different minerals and their calculated equilibrium fluids. </p>
Modern Concepts on the Origin and Distribution of Acipenserids (Acipenseridae)
Authors: Ruban G. I. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The current data on the place and time of origin of Acipenseriformes and the family Acipenseridae, as well as on their distribution in connection with the history of the development of sea and river basins, are summarized. The supposed areas of the initial radiation of Acipenseriformes and their long-term habitation were in eastern Laurasia on a part of the modern Chita Region, Eastern and Central Mongolia, and northern and northeastern China. The eastern part of Asia should also be considered the place of origin of the family Acipenseridae. The widespread distribution of Acipenseriformes was facilitated mainly by the formation of diadromous forms from primarily freshwater species, the origin of which is associated with multiple transgressions and regressions of the ocean. Modern potamodromous acipenserids were probably formed as a result of the return of anadromous forms to living in fresh water; i.e., they are secondarily freshwater species.
Evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of telephone consultation compared to face-to-face consultation in terms of glycaemic control among patients with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Koh Zhong Wei Jeremy , Sim Sai Zhen , Lew Kaiwei Jeremy , Lee Poay Sian Sabrina , Lee Eng Sing 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveWith the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine has been increasingly deployed in lieu of face-to-face consultations for management of diabetes in primary care. There was a need to evaluate clinical effectiveness of telephone consultations for diabetes management and this study aimed to show whether one-off telephone consultation was inferior or not to face-to-face consultation in terms of glycaemic control among patients with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes.DesignRetrospective cohort study. Data of all patients with type 2 diabetes who had a chronic disease consultation during the period 9 April 2020–18 September 2020, and met the study’s inclusion and exclusion criteria was obtained from the electronic medical records.SettingA primary care clinic in the north-eastern region of Singapore. The clinic’s patient population was representative of Singapore’s population in terms of gender and age.Participants644 patients with type 2 diabetes and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 7.0% and above, aged 21–80 years old.InterventionsParticipants either underwent telephone or face-to-face consultation for diabetes management.Outcome measureMean HbA1c change (∆HbA1c) between preintervention and postintervention.ResultsOver 4 months, the mean ∆HbA1c was −0.16 percentage points (p.p.) (95% CI −0.26 to –0.07) and −0.11 p.p. (95% CI −0.20 to –0.02) for face-to-face and telephone consultation groups, respectively. The difference in mean ∆HbA1c between the two groups was +0.05 p.p. (95% CI −∞ to 0.16), with the upper limit of the one-sided 95% CI less than the prespecified non-inferiority margin of 0.5 p.p. (p<0.05). In those with HbA1c≥9%, the difference in mean ∆HbA1c was +0.31 p.p. (95% CI −∞ to 0.79), which exceeded the non-inferiority margin.ConclusionFor patients with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes, one-time telephone consultation was non-inferior to face-to-face consultation in terms of glycaemic control in the short term. However, more studies are required to investigate the long-term effects of telephone consultations and for those with HbA1c≥9%.
Prevalence of multimorbidity and its associations with hospitalisation or death in Japan 2014–2019: a retrospective cohort study using nationwide medical claims data in the middle-aged generation
Authors: Saito Yoshiyuki , Igarashi Ataru , Nakayama Takeo , Fukuma Shingo 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of multimorbidity and its associations with clinical outcomes across age groups.DesignRetrospective cohort study using nationwide medical claims data.SettingCarried out in Japan between April 2014 and March 2019.ParticipantsN=246 671 Japanese individuals aged 20–74 enrolled in the health insurance were included into the baseline data set for fiscal year (FY) 2014. Of those, N=181 959 individuals were included into the cohort data set spanning FY2014–FY2018.ExposuresMultimorbidity was defined as having ≥2 of 15 chronic conditions according to the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes of the Charlson Comorbidity Index.Primary and secondary outcomesPrimary outcome: the standardised prevalence of multimorbidity across age groups was evaluated using data from FY2014 and extrapolated to the Japanese total population. Secondary outcome: hospitalisation or death events were traced by month using medical claims data and insurer enrolment data. Associations between multimorbidity and 5-year hospitalisation and/or death events across age groups were analysed using a Cox regression model.ResultsThe standardised prevalence rate of multimorbidity in the nationwide Japanese total population was estimated to 26.1%. The prevalence rate with age was increased, approximately 5% (ages 20–29), 10% (30–39), 20% (40–49), 30% (50–59), 50% (60–69) and 60% (70–74). Compared with individuals aged 20–39 without multimorbidity, those with multimorbidity had a higher incidence of clinical events in any age group (HR=2.43 (95% CI 2.30 to 2.56) in ages 20–39, HR=2.55 (95% CI 2.47 to 2.63) in ages 40–59 and HR=3.41 (95% CI 3.23 to 3.53) in ages ≥60). The difference in the incidence of clinical events between multimorbidity and no multimorbidity was larger than that between age groups.ConclusionsMultimorbidity is already prevalent in the middle-aged generation and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. These findings underscore the significance of multimorbidity and highlight the urgent need for preventive intervention at the public healthcare level.
Does recommended mental health follow-up care occur after postdeployment screening in the Canadian Armed Forces? A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Boulos David , Garber Bryan 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveTo determine Canadian service members’ level of adherence to a recommendation for mental health services follow-up that was assigned by clinicians during postdeployment screening.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingCanadian military population.ParticipantsThe cohort consisted of personnel (n=28 460) with a deployment within the 2009–2014 time frame. A stratified random sample (n=3004) was selected for medical chart review. However, we restricted our analysis to individuals whose completed screening resulted in a recommendation for mental health services follow-up (sample n=316 (weighted n=2034) or 11.2% of screenings.InterventionsPostdeployment health screening.Primary outcome measureThe outcome was adherence to a screening-indicated mental health services follow-up recommendation, assessed within 90 days, a preferred delay, and within 365 days, a delay considered partially associated with the screening recommendation.ResultsAdherence within 90 days of screening was 71.1% (95% CI 59.7% to 82.5%) for individuals with ‘major’ mental health concerns, 36.1% (95% CI 23.9% to 48.4%) for those with ‘minor’ mental health concerns, and 46.8% (95% CI 18.6% to 75.0%), for those with psychosocial mental health concerns; the respective 365-day adherence fractions were 85.3% (95% CI 76.1% to 94.5%), 55.7% (95% CI 42.0% to 69.4%) and 48.6% (95% CI 20.4% to 76.9%). Logistic regression indicated that a 90-day adherence among those with a ‘major’ mental health concern was higher among those screening after 2012 (adjusted OR (AOR) 5.45 (95% CI 1.08 to 27.45)) and lower, with marginal significance, among those with deployment durations greater than 180 days (AOR 0.35 (95% CI 0.11 to 1.06)).ConclusionsOn an individual level, screening has the potential to identify when a care need is present and a follow-up assessment can be recommended; however, we found that adherence to this recommendation is not absolute, suggesting that administrative checks and possibly, process refinements would be beneficial to ensure that care-seeking barriers are minimised.
What is needed to effectively communicate risk during a health crisis? A qualitative study with international experts based on the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bravo Paulina , Martinez-Pereira Alejandra , Fernández-González Loreto , Dois Angelina 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveTo identify a framework for risk communication during health crises by using the current pandemic as a case study.DesignA qualitative study based on individual interviews.SettingDifferent countries with diverse levels of perceived success on risk communication during the COVID-19 health crisis.ParticipantsInternational experts with experience in health crisis management or risk communication.AnalysisA thematic analysis was performed supported by Atlas.ti.ResultsFour men and six women took part in the study (three from Europe, two from Latin America, two from North America, one from Asia and two from Oceania). Three major themes emerged from the data: (1) institutionalising the communication strategy; (2) defining the problem that needs to be faced; (3) developing an effective communication strategy.ConclusionRisk communication during a health crisis requires preparation of governments and of health teams in order to produce and deliver effective messages as well as to help communities to make informed and healthy decisions. This is particularly relevant for slow disasters, such as COVID-19, as the strategy must innovate to avoid information fatigue of the audience. The findings of this article could inform guidelines to best equip countries for a clear communication strategy for future crises.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021234443.