bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Target Detection Framework for Lobster Eye X-Ray Telescopes with Machine-learning Algorithms
Authors: Jia Peng , Liu Wenbo , Liu Yuan , Pan Haiwu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Lobster eye telescopes are ideal monitors to detect X-ray transients because they could observe celestial objects over a wide field of view in the X-ray band. However, images obtained by lobster eye telescopes are modified by their unique point-spread functions, making it hard to design a high-efficiency target detection algorithm. In this paper, we integrate several machine-learning algorithms to build a target detection framework for data obtained by lobster eye telescopes. Our framework would first generate two 2D images with different pixel scales according to positions of photons on the detector. Then, an algorithm based on morphological operations and two neural networks would be used to detect candidates of celestial objects with different flux from these 2D images. Finally, a random forest algorithm will be used to pick up final detection results from candidates obtained by previous steps. Tested with simulated data of the Wide-field X-ray Telescope on board the Einstein Probe, our detection framework could achieve over 94% purity and over 90% completeness for targets with flux more than 3 mcrab (9.6 × 10−11 erg cm−2 s−1) and more than 94% purity and moderate completeness for targets with lower flux at acceptable time cost. The framework proposed in this paper could be used as references for data processing methods developed for other lobster eye X-ray telescopes.
Bridging High-density Electron Beam Coronal Transport and Deep Chromospheric Heating in Stellar Flares
Authors: Kowalski Adam F. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The optical and near-ultraviolet (NUV) continuum radiation in M-dwarf flares is thought to be the impulsive response of the lower stellar atmosphere to magnetic energy release and electron acceleration at coronal altitudes. This radiation is sometimes interpreted as evidence of a thermal photospheric spectrum with T ≈ 104 K. However, calculations show that standard solar flare coronal electron beams lose their energy in a thick target of gas in the upper and middle chromosphere (log10 column mass/[g cm−2] ≲ −3). At larger beam injection fluxes, electric fields and instabilities are expected to further inhibit propagation to low altitudes. We show that recent numerical solutions of the time-dependent equations governing the power-law electrons and background coronal plasma (Langmuir and ion-acoustic) waves from Kontar et al. produce order-of-magnitude larger heating rates than those that occur in the deep chromosphere through standard solar flare electron beam power-law distributions. We demonstrate that the redistribution of beam energy above E ≳ 100 keV in this theory results in a local heating maximum that is similar to a radiative-hydrodynamic model with a large, low-energy cutoff and a hard power-law index. We use this semiempirical forward-modeling approach to produce opaque NUV and optical continua at gas temperatures T ≳ 12,000 K over the deep chromosphere with log10 column mass/[g cm−2] of −1.2 to −2.3. These models explain the color temperatures and Balmer jump strengths in high-cadence M-dwarf flare observations, and they clarify the relation among atmospheric, radiation, and optical color temperatures in stellar flares.
Aerial culling feral fallow deer with shotguns improves efficiency and welfare outcomes
Authors: Bradshaw Corey , Doube Andrew , Scanlon Annette , Page Brad , Tarran Myall , Fielder Kate , Andrews Lindell , Bourne Steve , Stevens Mike , Schulz Penny , Kloeden Tom , Drewer Seb , Matthews Rob , Findlay Chris , White Warren , Leehane Craig , Conibear Brett , Doube James , Rowley Ted 
Published: February 2023

Feral deer are some of Australia’s worst emerging pest species. Recently, the Government of South Australia launched a four-year program to reduce the populations of feral fallow deer (Dama dama). The program will focus on coordinating landscape-scale aerial culls and seeks to deliver the most efficient and humane approach to aerial culling. We sourced data from a recent program trialling a new approach to aerial culling that incorporated advanced thermal technology and a second shooter with a shotgun to target fallow deer. We reviewed available video and audio records of 104 deer culled in the program to assess efficiency and welfare outcomes. We collected information on the number of shotgun and rifle rounds fired per animal, time between first shot with a shotgun and confirmed death, and pursuit time. We completed field dissections of 20 individuals targeted in the program to assess the lethality of wounds inflicted with shotgun pellets. We also compared program costs and efficiency against published and unpublished data from ten other aerial-culling programs for feral deer in South Australia since 2009. A total of 383 shotgun rounds and 10 rifle rounds were used on 104 fallow deer in the focal program. We documented strong improvements to animal welfare for feral deer targeted with shotguns. The mean (± standard error) time between first shot and confirmed kill with a shotgun was 11.1 ± 0.7 seconds; mean pursuit time between detection and a confirmed kill was 49.5 ± 3.4 seconds. Pursuit time increased with subsequent deer controlled within a group; the maximum pursuit time for any individual was 159.0 seconds. All autopsied animals had received lethal wounds from shotgun pellets, with 100% receiving lung-penetrating damage and 70% also receiving heart-penetrating damage. While a program that uses a shotgun and rifle combined with a second shooter and thermographer can cost more to mobilise, the outcomes measured in cost deer-1 made it the most cost-effective approach of any program we assessed. Control options that deliver improved animal welfare outcomes and increase efficiency are desirable for managing expanding populations of feral deer in South Australia and elsewhere.
Questions de recherche sur l’industrie de l’alumine en Europe
Authors: Mioche Philippe 
Published: February 2023

La contribution décrit l’équipement historique de l’industrie de l’alumine métallurgique dans l’espace de l’Union européenne et montre l’évolution des capacités de production. En 1913, la France et l’Allemagne sont les premiers producteurs en Europe. En 2020, ce sont l’Irlande et l’Espagne. L’approvisionnement de l’industrie de l’alumine en minerai de bauxite a connu trois étapes : exploitation des gisements européens (sud-est de la France, Balkans), ressources coloniales, et marché mondialisé de l’alumine, ces ressources pouvant être concomitantes. La production d’alumines non-métallurgiques existe depuis l’industrialisation de l’alumine avec le procédé Bayer et reste très minoritaire. Mais elle rencontre des perspectives inédites car les alumines de spécialités trouvent leurs usages dans la transition environnementale. Au point de poser la question d’une Europe des alumines spéciales ?
Essai pour un modèle interprétatif du concept de vulnérabilité
Authors: Gondard Éric 
Published: February 2023

Résumé : Cet article cherche à clarifier le concept de vulnérabilité, aujourd’hui largement tombé dans le sens commun. Il a aussi pour objectif de penser ce terme en le positionnant face à d’autres catégories de la prise en charge sanitaire et sociale : exclusion, pauvreté, précarité, fragilité… Pourquoi les mots changent-ils selon les époques alors que les populations qu’ils recouvrent sont toujours plus ou moins les mêmes ?
Newman et l’arbre doxastique
Authors: Engel Pascal 
Published: February 2023

On présente ici la taxinomie des attitudes doxastiques donnée par Newman dans la Grammaire de l’assentiment . Elle repose sur trois distinctions : entre appréhension et assentiment, entre appréhension et assentiment notionnels et réels, et entre assentiment et inférence. Newman n’est pas toujours clair sur ces distinctions, mais son projet est important, au-delà de ses implications théologiques, pour la philosophie de l’esprit contemporaine, qui tend à réduire toutes les attitudes doxastiques à la croyance.
L’art, « un moment intrinsèque » de la théologie ?
Authors: Hétier Denis 
Published: February 2023

La question de la relation entre art et théologie demeure un champ de réflexion dense et complexe. La notion de « moment intrinsèque », utilisée par Karl Rahner lui-même, permet pour une part de qualifier cette relation. Quatre étapes montreront comment cette notion peut être entendue de manière différenciée selon les approches envisagées. Penser l’art comme « moment intrinsèque » de la théologie ne consiste pas seulement en une réflexion sur l’art, mais conduit aussi, inéluctablement, à une réflexion sur la théologie elle-même.
Intensive Care Unit Diaries: A Nurse-Led Program
Authors: Hackenberger Abbygale 
Published: February 2023

Background
Following intensive care unit stays, patients with post–intensive care syndrome can experience mental health symptoms that impact quality of life. Intensive care unit diaries have been shown to improve outcomes for patients and their families.

Local Problem
Identification of limited support for high volumes of intensive care unit patients and families led to implementation of an intensive care unit diary program in a 24-bed adult medical-surgical intensive care unit.

Methods
Patients requiring mechanical ventilation with an expected intensive care unit stay of more than 24 hours were provided intensive care unit diaries. Nursing staff and patients’ families entered daily descriptive narratives of patients’ progress during the stay. After intensive care unit discharge, patients and families reviewed the diaries to improve acceptance of their intensive care unit experience. Project evaluation included review of patient and family follow-up calls, a staff nurse feedback survey, and project champion debriefing sessions to gauge implementation success and feasibility.

Results
Twenty diaries were completed and distributed to patients or families at intensive care unit discharge. Follow-up calls illustrated support and gratitude for diaries regardless of patient outcomes. Patients reported that diaries helped fill memory gaps between intensive care unit admission and discharge. Nurse surveys and project champion debriefings confirmed that completion of intensive care unit diary entries had minimal impact on workload, eased communication, and improved staff members’ coping skills.

Conclusion
Successful intensive care unit diary program implementation has the potential to benefit patients, families, and nursing staff for little organizational cost.
Assessment of Satisfaction with a Healthy Life Center, a New Service Model
Authors: Porsuk AÖ , Cerit Ç 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Healthy Life Centers have recently been added to Turkey's health system as a new service model.

Aim:
This study aims to determine the level of satisfaction among service receivers with a Healthy Life Center by comparing their expectations at the application stage with their perception after receiving service, via the Servqual service quality measurement model.

Subjects and Methods:
This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in a Healthy Life Center in Kırklareli City in Turkey. Four hundred and thirty-two participants were included in the survey. In our study, the Servqual scale developed by A. Parasuraman, V. A. Zeithaml, and L. L. Berry and a reliability assessment of the Turkish form performed by Devebakan were used.

Results:
The Tangibles dimension got the lowest (-0.68 ± 1.04) and the Empathy dimension got the highest (-0.02 ± 0.84) Servqual dimension score among all the dimensions of the scale. The overall Servqual scale score was computed as -0.27 ± 0.63 and there was a statistically significant difference between expectations and perceptions (<0.001).

Conclusions:
Satisfaction from a healthy life center which is built as a new service model is not at the expected level yet. More studies like this one which is a first in its field in terms of methodology will set the ground for a better understanding of the service receivers’ expectations and perceptions. That is how the decision-makers can shape up this new service model according to expectations.
Cord Blood Albumin as a Predictor of Neonatal Jaundice
Authors: Aasam AI , Hasan BM , Jalil RA , Hashim JM , Nasrawi AJ 
Published: February 2023

Background and Aim:
Bilirubin can have a toxic effect on the brain, so newborns must be carefully checked to identify those who may develop significant hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubin encephalopathy (kernicterus). The study aimed to determine if cord blood albumin could be utilized to predict the onset of significant newborn jaundice in healthy-term babies.

Patients and Methods:
A cohort study was carried out in AL-Zahraa teaching hospital in AL-Najaf city during the period from January 1 to November 1, 2020. A randomized 100 full-term healthy neonates were enrolled. A blood sample was drawn by milking the cord and sent for serum albumin estimation. Patients were then followed up on the third and fifth days of life for total serum bilirubin (TSB).

Results:
Out of 100 healthy-term neonates that were included in this study, 60 of them had low cord blood albumin (<2.8 g/dl), and 40 of them had normal cord blood albumin (≥2.8 g/dl) with an age range of 1–5 days. There is a statistically significant difference between low cord blood albumin and significant neonatal jaundice on the third day with a 5 times more risk of developing significant jaundice than neonates with normal cord blood albumin.

Conclusion:
Cord blood albumin levels are sensitive to predicting subsequent neonatal jaundice in the healthy term newborn.
Determinants of Atopic Dermatitis among Children in a General Out-Patient Clinics of a Tertiary Hospital in North Central, Nigeria
Authors: Wey GD , Adefemi SA , Amao EA 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory, and itchy skin condition that develops in early childhood in the majority of cases.

Aim:
The objective of this study is to determine factors associated with atopic dermatitis among children aged 6 months to 14 years seen at the General Out-Patients Clinics of a tertiary hospital in north central Nigeria as well as predictors of having AD.

Patients and Methods:
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 490 eligible children recruited using the systematic random sampling technique. The data collected were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences, version 22. Descriptive and inferential statistics was performed to determine the relationship between independent variables and having AD.

Results:
The factors significantly associated with AD from this study include: male sex (χ = 4.78, P = 0.029), Being in nursery school (χ = 77.60, P = 0.000), Nupe ethnicity (χ = 49.06, P = 0.000), mothers and fathers Educational level (χ = 27.80, P = 0.000), having personal or family history of atopy (χ = 31.30, P = 0.000). After all variables that are significant was adjusted; Nursery level of education (OR = 4.076, 95% CI = 1.679-9.891, P = 0.002), Mother's Level of education (OR = 0.664, 95% CI = 0.442-0.998, P = 0.049), and personal or family history of atopy (OR = 5.585-E12, 95% CI = 5.585-E12-5.585-E12, P = 0.000) were independent predictors of AD.

Conclusion:
Our data suggest that AD has a specific pattern of inheritance in children and this was predicted by: nursery level of education, mother's level of education, and family or personal history of atopy. Knowledge of this will provide a better caring strategy for predicting and preventing AD earlier in at risk children.
The Effect of Spinal Anesthesia that is Performed in Sitting or Right Lateral Position on Post-Spinal Headache and Intraocular Pressure During Elective Cesarean Section
Authors: Doğukan M , Bıçakçıoğlu M , Yilmaz N , Duran M , Uludağ Ö , Tutak A , Kaya R , Kiliç R 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Although spinal anesthesia can be applied in different patient positions, the most frequently used positions are sitting and lateral positions. It is known that different patient positions during spinal anesthesia have effects on hemodynamic parameters, postdural puncture headache, and intraocular pressure.

Aim:
The study aimed to determine the effect of spinal anesthesia performed in either sitting or right lateral position on postspinal headache and intraocular pressure during elective cesarean section.

Patients and Methods:
The study was a randomized controlled study of 104 eligible pregnant women scheduled to undergo elective cesarean section. The women were randomized into two groups. Spinal anesthesia was performed either in the sitting (Group S, n = 53) or the right lateral position (Group L, n = 51). Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded throughout the operation. The participants were informed and monitored for postspinal headaches. Intraocular pressure before and after the operation was measured with Icare PRO. The obtained data were statistically compared between the two groups.

Results:
There was no difference between the groups in terms of demographic data. Postdural puncture headache was observed in five patients in Group S and one patient in Group L (P =0.04). There was no difference between the groups in terms of intraocular pressure (P >.05). Heart rate was not significantly different between the groups; however, there was a significant difference in average blood pressure in 1, 5, 30, and 40 minutes (P <.05). The number of trials administered to patients for spinal anesthesia was significantly higher in Group L (P =0.01).

Conclusion:
Spinal anesthesia performed in the sitting position for cesarean section caused a higher postspinal headache than in the right lateral position, but the position did not affect intraocular pressure.
Changes in Diurnal Temperature Range Over Nigeria from 1960 to 2019
Authors: Gyuk Nehemiah John , Ekwezuo Chukwudi Samuel , Ezeh Christopher Uche , Ekwezuo Josephine Chinenye 
Published: February 2023

Diurnal temperature range (DTR) is an important derived variable used in detecting signature of observed climate changes. Understanding its changes in recent time is important for managing and coping with climate change induced risks. This study analysed the long term trend and abrupt changes in diurnal temperature range over Nigeria from 1960 to 2019. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Kendall trend test, Sen’s slope and Pettit’s tests were used to assess the characteristics, trend, abrupt change and significance in annual DTR time series. Pearson correlation was used to examine the spatial relationship between DTR and minimum temperature, maximum temperature, precipitation and cloud cover. Results showed that mean DTR amount varied across spatio-temporal scales with steady increase from the coastal region, coupled with a weak inter-annual variability (CV < 3%). The trend analysis showed a significant decreasing DTR in most grid points (GP) and regions of Nigeria, with the exception of Enugu, Ado-Ekiti and Warri. Also a significant negative trend was observed at the Guinea, Sudan and Sahel savanna regions. Abrupt changes occurred in the 1970s in the entire regions and most of the GPs with Ado-Ekiti, Calabar, and Enugu occurred in 1991 while Maiduguri and Jos experienced such changes in 2011. Furthermore, significant abrupt changes were observed at the following GPs and regions; Ikeja, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Sokoto, Yelwa, Yola, Guinea, Sudan and Sahel Savannas. This decrease in DTR over most of the GP and the entire region indicate that the climate of Nigeria is becoming warmer possibly due to environmental changes with precipitation and cloud cover being the major drivers of DTR variability in Nigeria. Thus, proper climate actions should be taken through adaptation and resilient planning for the sustainable development of socio-economic and natural systems.
Geochemical and Geological Characterization of Clay in the Eastern Part of Hawal Massif Around Mubi and Environs, Northeastern Nigeria
Authors: Abdulaziz Mohammed , Jude Sunu B. , Abdu Sajo , Ismaila Vela Haruna 
Published: February 2023

The geochemical and geological characterization of clay is an important approach to determining the quality and productivity of clay for industrial use. This paper is aimed at providing detailed geochemistry, distribution, and utilization of clay from the eastern part of Hawal massif. The field study revealed that clay occurs in Bagira, Vimtim, Didif, Bulamary, Ngavahi, Dou-Gada, Madanya, TudunWada, Moda, and Kwabapale. The clays are residual deposits formed by weathering of feldspars from the granitic rocks, the clay deposits are restricted to the basal parts of highly weathered granite. The depth to which the samples were collected ranged from 0.6-1 meter. The clay was analyzed using the Xray Fluorescence (XRF) machine. The average concentration of the major oxides shows that SiO2 is 38.7%, Al2O3 is 9.62%, Fe2O3 is 5.48%, TiO2 is 0.69% and CaO is 0.598% while MnO, ZrO2, ZnO, V2O5, CdO, Cr2O3, SnO2 and Sb2O5 all have lower than 0.07%. This result shows that the clay in the study area can serve as a good raw material for the manufacture of traditional ceramics, refractories, and structural clay products especially burnt bricks.
Exploring Recent Themes in African Spiritual Philosophy
Authors: Ibanga Diana-Abasi 
Published: February 2023

There are theoretical and thematic shifts in African spiritual philosophy literature on the meaning of spirituality. On the one hand, traditional conceptions of spirituality are based on the dimensions of transcendence and supernaturalism. Common themes include ritualism, totemism, incantation, ancestorism, reincarnation, destiny, metempsychosis, witchcraft, death, soul, deities, etc. On the other hand, the evolving trend appeals to naturality and immanence. Common themes include sacrality, piety, respectability, relatability, existential gratitude, sacred feminine, etc. This work explores these recent and developing themes. It aims to show that the understanding of spirituality in African modernity is increasingly linked to psychological traits expressed in attitude and behaviour as against traditional understanding that focused on cultural/ religious practices such as ritualism, ancestorism, and deities. The analysis reveals that recent studies link the experience of spirituality with wholeness and interdependence, and a recognition of one’s place in the connective web of other existents in nature