bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superdiffusion-like behavior in zero-temperature coarsening of the $$d=3$$ Ising model
Authors: Gessert Denis , Christiansen Henrik , Janke Wolfhard 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOne key aspect of coarsening following a quench below the critical temperature is domain growth. For the non-conserved Ising model a power-law growth of domains of like spins with exponent $$\alpha = 1/2$$

α
=
1
/
2

is predicted. Including recent work, it was not possible to clearly observe this growth law in the special case of a zero-temperature quench in the three-dimensional model. Instead a slower growth with $$\alpha <1/2$$

α
<
1
/
2

was reported. We attempt to clarify this discrepancy by running large-scale Monte Carlo simulations on simple-cubic lattices with linear lattice sizes up to $$L=2048$$

L
=
2048

employing an efficient GPU implementation. Indeed, at late times we measure domain sizes compatible with the expected growth law—but surprisingly, at still later times domains even grow superdiffusively, i.e., with $$\alpha > 1/2$$

α
>
1
/
2

. We argue that this new problem is possibly caused by sponge-like structures emerging at early times.
Diagnostic performance of respirators for collection and detection of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Kim Hwang-soo , Lee Hansol , Kang Seonghui , Kim Woo Joo , Shin Sehyun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRespirators, called as face mask, have been used to protect the wearer from the outside harmful air environment and prevent any virus from being released to neighbors from potentially infected exhaled breath. The antiviral effectiveness of respirators has not only been researched scientifically, but has also become a global issue due to society's obligation to wear respirators. In this paper, we report the results of a study on the collection and detection of viruses contained in exhaled breath using respirators. The inner electrostatic filter was carefully selected for virus collection because it does not come in direct contact with either human skin or the external environment. In the study of a healthy control group, it was confirmed that a large amount of DNA and biomolecules such as exosomes were collected from the respirator exposed to exhalation, and the amount of collection increased in proportion to the wearing time. We conducted experiments using a total of 72 paired samples with nasopharyngeal swabs and respirator samples. Out of these samples, fifty tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and twenty-two tested negative. The PCR results of the NPS and respirator samples showed a high level of agreement, with a positive percent agreement of ≥ 90% and a negative percent agreement of ≥ 99%. Furthermore, there was a notable level of concordance between RCA-flow tests and PCR when examining the respirator samples. These results suggest that this is a non-invasive, quick and easy method of collecting samples from subjects using a respirator, which can significantly reduce the hassle of waiting at airports or public places and concerns about cross-contamination. Furthermore, we expect miniaturized technologies to integrate PCR detection into respirators in the near future.
Investigating electrochemical corrosion at Mg alloy-steel joint interface using scanning electrochemical cell impedance microscopy (SECCIM)
Authors: Prabhakaran Venkateshkumar , Strange Lyndi , Kalsar Rajib , Marina Olga A. , Upadhyay Piyush , Joshi Vineet V. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDeveloping strategies to prevent corrosion at the interface of dissimilar metal alloys is challenging because of the presence of heterogenous distribution of galvanic couples and microstructural features that significantly change the corrosion rate. Devising strategies to mitigate this interfacial corrosion requires quantitative and correlative understanding of its surface electrochemical reaction. In this work, scanning electrochemical cell impedance microscopy (SECCIM) was employed to study location-specific corrosion in the interfacial region of dissimilar alloys, such as AZ31 (magnesium alloy) and DP590 (steel) welded using the Friction-stir Assisted Scribe Technique (FAST) processes. Herein, SECCM and SECCIM were used to perform correlative mapping of the local electrochemical impedance spectroscopic and potentiodynamic polarization to measure the effect of electronic and microstructural changes in the welded interfacial region on corrosion kinetics. Microstructural characterization including scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction was performed to correlate changes in microstructural features and chemistry with the corresponding electronic properties that affect corrosion behavior. The variations in corrosion potential, corrosion current density, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy behavior across the interface provide deeper insights on the interfacial region—which is chemically and microstructurally distinct from both bare AZ31 and DP590 that can help prevent corrosion in dissimilar metal structures.
SU2GE-Net: a saliency-based approach for non-specific class foreground segmentation
Authors: Lei Xiaochun , Cai Xiang , Lu Linjun , Cui Zihang , Jiang Zetao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSalient object detection is vital for non-specific class subject segmentation in computer vision applications. However, accurately segmenting foreground subjects with complex backgrounds and intricate boundaries remains a challenge for existing methods. To address these limitations, our study proposes SU2GE-Net, which introduces several novel improvements. We replace the traditional CNN-based backbone with the transformer-based Swin-TransformerV2, known for its effectiveness in capturing long-range dependencies and rich contextual information. To tackle under and over-attention phenomena, we introduce Gated Channel Transformation (GCT). Furthermore, we adopted an edge-based loss (Edge Loss) for network training to capture spatial-wise structural details. Additionally, we propose Training-only Augmentation Loss (TTA Loss) to enhance spatial stability using augmented data. Our method is evaluated using six common datasets, achieving an impressive$$F_{\beta }$$Fβscore of 0.883 on DUTS-TE. Compared with other models, SU2GE-Net demonstrates excellent performance in various segmentation scenarios.
Serum ceramides in early pregnancy as predictors of gestational diabetes
Authors: Mustaniemi Sanna , Keikkala Elina , Kajantie Eero , Nurhonen Markku , Jylhä Antti , Morin-Papunen Laure , Öhman Hanna , Männistö Tuija , Laivuori Hannele , Eriksson Johan G. , Laaksonen Reijo , Vääräsmäki Marja ,   The FinnGeDi Study Group, Kaaja Risto , Gissler Mika , Pouta Anneli 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCeramides contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes but it is uncertain whether they predict gestational diabetes (GDM). In this multicentre case–control study including 1040 women with GDM and 958 non-diabetic controls, early pregnancy (mean 10.7 gestational weeks) concentrations of four ceramides—Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), Cer(d18:1/24:0) and Cer(d18:1/24:1)—were determined by a validated mass-spectrometric method from biobanked serum samples. Traditional lipids including total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides were measured. Logistic and linear regression and the LASSO logistic regression were used to analyse lipids and clinical risk factors in the prediction of GDM. The concentrations of four targeted ceramides and total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides were higher and HDL was lower among women with subsequent GDM than among controls. After adjustments, Cer(d18:1/24:0), triglycerides and LDL were independent predictors of GDM, women in their highest quartile had 1.44-fold (95% CI 1.07–1.95), 2.17-fold (95% CI 1.57–3.00) and 1.63-fold (95% CI 1.19–2.24) odds for GDM when compared to their lowest quartiles, respectively. In the LASSO regression modelling ceramides did not appear to markedly improve the predictive performance for GDM alongside with clinical risk factors and triglycerides. However, their adverse alterations highlight the extent of metabolic disturbances involved in GDM.
A novel technique for solving unsteady three-dimensional brownian motion of a thin film nanofluid flow over a rotating surface
Authors: Jalili Payam , Ahmadi Azar Ali , Jalili Bahram , Domiri Ganji Davood 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe motion of the fluid due to the swirling of a disk/sheet has many applications in engineering and industry. Investigating these types of problems is very difficult due to the non-linearity of the governing equations, especially when the governing equations are to be solved analytically. Time is also considered a challenge in problems, and times dependent problems are rare. This study aims to investigate the problem related to a transient rotating angled plate through two analytical techniques for the three-dimensional thin film nanomaterials flow. The geometry of research is a swirling sheet with a three-dimensional unsteady nanomaterial thin-film moment. The problem's governing equations of the conservation of mass, momentum, energy, and concentration are partial differential equations (PDEs). Solving PDEs, especially their analytical solution, is considered a serious challenge, but by using similar variables, they can be converted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The derived ODEs are still nonlinear, but it is possible to approximate them analytically with semi-analytical methods. This study transformed the governing PDEs into a set of nonlinear ODEs using appropriate similarity variables. The dimensionless parameters such as Prandtl number, Schmidt number, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoretic parameter, Nusselt, and Sherwood numbers are presented in ODEs, and the impact of these dimensionless parameters was considered in four cases. Every case that is considered in this problem was demonstrated with graphs. This study used modified AGM (Akbari–Ganji Method) and HAN (Hybrid analytical and numerical) methods to solve the ODEs, which are the novelty of the current study. The modified AGM is novel and has made the former AGM more complete. The second semi-analytical technique is the HAN method, and because it has been solved numerically in previous articles, this method has also been used. The new results were obtained using the modified AGM and HAN solutions. The validity of these two analytical solutions was proved when compared with the Runge–Kutta fourth-order (RK4) numerical solutions.
Mammography using low-frequency electromagnetic fields with deep learning
Authors: Akbari-Chelaresi Hamid , Alsaedi Dawood , Mirjahanmardi Seyed Hossein , El Badawe Mohamed , Albishi Ali M. , Nayyeri Vahid , Ramahi Omar M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a novel technique for detecting female breast anomalous tissues is presented and validated through numerical simulations. The technique, to a high degree, resembles X-ray mammography; however, instead of using X-rays for obtaining images of the breast, low-frequency electromagnetic fields are leveraged. To capture breast impressions, a metasurface, which can be thought of as analogous to X-rays film, has been employed. To achieve deep and sufficient penetration within the breast tissues, the source of excitation is a simple narrow-band dipole antenna operating at 200 MHz. The metasurface is designed to operate at the same frequency. The detection mechanism is based on comparing the impressions obtained from the breast under examination to the reference case (healthy breasts) using machine learning techniques. Using this system, not only would it be possible to detect tumors (benign or malignant), but one can also determine the location and size of the tumors. Remarkably, deep learning models were found to achieve very high classification accuracy.
An international multi-institutional validation study of the algorithm for prostate cancer detection and Gleason grading
Authors: Tolkach Yuri , Ovtcharov Vlado , Pryalukhin Alexey , Eich Marie-Lisa , Gaisa Nadine Therese , Braun Martin , Radzhabov Abdukhamid , Quaas Alexander , Hammerer Peter , Dellmann Ansgar , Hulla Wolfgang , Haffner Michael C. , Reis Henning , Fahoum Ibrahim , Samarska Iryna , Borbat Artem , Pham Hoa , Heidenreich Axel , Klein Sebastian , Netto George , Caie Peter , Buettner Reinhard 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPathologic examination of prostate biopsies is time consuming due to the large number of slides per case. In this retrospective study, we validate a deep learning-based classifier for prostate cancer (PCA) detection and Gleason grading (AI tool) in biopsy samples. Five external cohorts of patients with multifocal prostate biopsy were analyzed from high-volume pathology institutes. A total of 5922 H&E sections representing 7473 biopsy cores from 423 patient cases (digitized using three scanners) were assessed concerning tumor detection. Two tumor-bearing datasets (core n = 227 and 159) were graded by an international group of pathologists including expert urologic pathologists (n = 11) to validate the Gleason grading classifier. The sensitivity, specificity, and NPV for the detection of tumor-bearing biopsies was in a range of 0.971–1.000, 0.875–0.976, and 0.988–1.000, respectively, across the different test cohorts. In several biopsy slides tumor tissue was correctly detected by the AI tool that was initially missed by pathologists. Most false positive misclassifications represented lesions suspicious for carcinoma or cancer mimickers. The quadratically weighted kappa levels for Gleason grading agreement for single pathologists was 0.62–0.80 (0.77 for AI tool) and 0.64–0.76 (0.72 for AI tool) for the two grading datasets, respectively. In cases where consensus for grading was reached among pathologists, kappa levels for AI tool were 0.903 and 0.855. The PCA detection classifier showed high accuracy for PCA detection in biopsy cases during external validation, independent of the institute and scanner used. High levels of agreement for Gleason grading were indistinguishable between experienced genitourinary pathologists and the AI tool.
Relaxation dynamics of high-energy excited states of carotenoids studied by UV excitation and pump–repump–probe transient absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Kuznetsova Valentyna , Fuciman Marcel , Polívka Tomáš 
Published: August 2023

Here we address the relation between the upper excited states of carotenoids: the UV absorbing state SUV and the final state of S1–Sn transition.
A quaternary heterojunction nanoflower for significantly enhanced electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Chen Hao , Liu Wanqiu , Li Jiangning , Chen Linli , Li Guochang , Zhao Wenna , Tao Kai , Han Lei 
Published: August 2023

A nanoflower quaternary heterostructured Ni(NO3)2(OH)4/Ni(OH)2/Ni3S2/NiFe-LDH electrocatalyst exhibits a low overpotential of 223 mV at a current density of 100 mA cm−2 and outstanding stability in alkaline media.
Porous nanosheet–nanosphere@nanosheet FeNi2-LDH@FeNi2S4 core–shell heterostructures for asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Min Xiaoqin , Bo Zhitao , Xu ZhiKun , Feng Junhui , Lin Xiaoyun , Ni Yongnian 
Published: August 2023

A porous nanosheet–nanosphere@nanosheet FeNi2-LDH@FeNi2S4 (FNLDH@FNS) core–shell heterostructure was used as an electrode material for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors.
Stabilizing Cu0–Cu+ sites by Pb-doping for highly efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2 products
Authors: Ma Xiaodong , Song Xinning , Zhang Libing , Wu Limin , Feng Jiaqi , Jia Shunhan , Tan Xingxing , Xu Liang , Sun Xiaofu , Han Buxing 
Published: August 2023

A Pb-doped Cu2O electrocatalyst is designed for highly efficient CO2 reduction to C2 products, which shows a C2+ FE of 83.9%. Pb can stabilize Cu+ and reduce the reaction energy barrier, thereby improving the catalytic performance.
Anatase TiO2−x and zwitterionic porphyrin polymer-based nanocomposite for enhanced cancer photodynamic therapy
Authors: Li Jiaxu , Wei Dengshuai , Fu Qinrui 
Published: August 2023

To improve the photodynamic therapy (PDT) outcomes and the ability to specifically target cancer cells of TiO2, anatase TiO2-x and zwitterionic porphyrin polymer-based nanocomposite TiO2-x@TFPC is used as the enhanced PDT agent for treating cancer.
Radar detection and speed estimation of high‐speed targets using phase‐modulated waveforms
Authors: Zahra Alaa G. , Mehany Wael , Ahmed Fathy M. , Youssef Ahmed 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSpecifying parameters of high‐speed targets as range and velocity in radar systems operating with phase‐modulated signals is a problematic process because of the serious effect of high Doppler frequency on these types of waveforms. In the existence of a high‐speed target, its Doppler frequency will be very high such that it totally changes the phase sequence of the received signal. As a result, the matched filter output will be distorted. Therefore, estimating target parameters will be impossible. In this letter, a new method is proposed for detecting and estimating velocity of high speed targets using phase‐modulated signals. The suggested technique methodology depends on compensating the target high‐Doppler frequency for signal recovery using a customized waveform shape. Moreover, the Doppler frequency value is estimated without ambiguity from one pulse, and without the need for a range‐Doppler module. As such, the implementation of the proposed method is simple and inexpensive. The performance evaluation of the new method shows its superiority in compensation and estimation compared to other techniques when examined under higher Doppler frequency and noise compared to the conventional radar.
Optimal dispatching of electric‐heat‐hydrogen integrated energy system based on Stackelberg game
Authors: Zhang Yumin , Li Jingrui , Ji Xingquan , Ye Pingfeng , Yu Danwen , Zhang Baoyu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe interest conflict among entities in the integrated energy system (IES) has a great challenge to operation decisions of IES. With regards to this, an optimal dispatching model of electric‐heat‐hydrogen IES based on Stackelberg game is proposed. First, an energy producer (EP) model is formulated which considered the full utilization of hydrogen energy and involved the conversion of hydrogen energy to electricity and heat energy. Meanwhile, the demand response amount is integrated into the objective function of load aggregator (LA) in order to encourage consumers to adjust their consumption behaviour. Second, by analyzing the characteristics of price information interaction among EP, energy system operator (ESO), and LA, the payoffs of each entity in IES are reformulated. Finally, a Stackelberg game model is established with ESO as the dominator guiding price information, EP and LA as the followers whose private information is confidential. Genetic algorithm and quadratic programming algorithm are employed to solve the developed model. Numerical experiments are carried out on an actual park‐level IES in northern China to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in promoting the benefit equilibrium among various entities.
The RoboPol sample of optical polarimetric standards
Authors: Blinov D. , Maharana S. , Bouzelou F. , Casadio C. , Gjerløw E. , Jormanainen J. , Kiehlmann S. , Kypriotakis J. A. , Liodakis I. , Mandarakas N. , Markopoulioti L. , Panopoulou G. V. , Pelgrims V. , Pouliasi A. , Romanopoulos S. , Skalidis R. , Anche R. M. , Angelakis E. , Antoniadis J. , Medhi B. J. , Hovatta T. , Kus A. , Kylafis N. , Mahabal A. , Myserlis I. , Paleologou E. , Papadakis I. , Pavlidou V. , Papamastorakis I. , Pearson T. J. , Potter S. B. , Ramaprakash A. N. , Readhead A. C. S. , Reig P. , Słowikowska A. , Tassis K. , Zensus J. A. 
Published: August 2023

Context. Optical polarimeters are typically calibrated using measurements of stars with known and stable polarization parameters. However, there is a lack of such stars available across the sky. Many of the currently available standards are not suitable for medium and large telescopes due to their high brightness. Moreover, as we find, some of the polarimetric standards used are in fact variable or have polarization parameters that differ from their cataloged values.
Aims. Our goal is to establish a sample of stable standards suitable for calibrating linear optical polarimeters with an accuracy down to 10−3 in fractional polarization.
Methods. For 4 yr, we have been running a monitoring campaign of a sample of standard candidates comprised of 107 stars distributed across the northern sky. We analyzed the variability of the linear polarization of these stars, taking into account the non-Gaussian nature of fractional polarization measurements. For a subsample of nine stars, we also performed multiband polarization measurements.
Results. We created a new catalog of 65 stars (see Table 2) that are stable, have small uncertainties of measured polarimetric parameters, and can be used as calibrators of polarimeters at medium and large telescopes.
Spontane retroperitoneale und Rektusscheidenhämatome und ihre interventionelle Therapie: ein Review
Authors: Becker Lena Sophie , Dewald Cornelia Lieselotte Angelika , Wacker Frank K. , Hinrichs Jan B. 
Published: August 2023

Hintergrund Retroperitoneale und Rektusscheidenhämatome (RH/RSH) stellen ein Krankheitsbild dar, das unter anderem wegen unspezifischer klinischer Symptomatik und des drohenden Risikos einer Exsanguination bzw. Folgen des Blutverlustes, Mortalitätsraten bis zu 30 % aufweist. Ätiologisch werden traumatische, iatrogene und spontane Subtypen unterschieden. Mit in der Literatur beschriebenen Risikofaktoren eines Lebensalters > 65 Jahre und der Einnahme antikoagulativer Medikation werden steigende Inzidenzen insbesondere des spontanen Subtyps der RH/SRH in der alternden Gesellschaft prognostiziert.
Material und Methodik Analyse, Resümee und Diskussion publizierter Grundlagenarbeiten und Expertenempfehlungen.
Ergebnisse Am häufigsten wird das Vorliegen abdomineller Schmerzen im Rahmen der klinischen Untersuchung beschrieben; in Abhängigkeit vom Ausmaß des Volumenverlustes können die Symptome eines abdominellen Kompartments und eines hämorrhagischen Schocks auftreten. Die Computertomographie-Angiographie (CTA), mit hoher Sensitivität und Spezifizität für das Vorliegen aktiver Blutungen, spielt die entscheidende Rolle in der Detektion von RH und RSH. Das Therapiemanagement basiert auf verschiedenen Säulen, welche neben konservativen Maßnahmen (Volumenersatz, Optimierung der Gerinnungsparameter), chirurgische und interventionelle Maßnahmen umfassen, die eng aufeinander abgestimmt werden. Aufgrund ihrer geringeren Invasivität bei simultan hohen technischen und klinischen Erfolgsraten hat insbesondere die Säule der interventionellen Therapie zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen.
Schlussfolgerung Das Therapiemanagement von Patienten/innen mit RH/SRH erfordert eine niedrige klinische Verdachtsschwelle und die Zusammenarbeit in einem interdisziplinären Team zur bestmöglichen Therapiefindung. Die transarterielle Embolisation erfordert eine systematische, standardisierte Abfolge der Blutungsdetektion und bietet Vorteile hinsichtlich technischer und klinischer Erfolgsraten.
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