bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partitioning the Uncertainties in Compound Hot and Dry Precipitation, Soil Moisture, and Runoff Extremes Projections in CMIP6
Authors: Jha Srinidhi , Gudmundsson Lukas , Seneviratne Sonia I. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA comprehensive assessment of compound hot and dry extremes based on different drought conditions (low precipitation, runoff, or soil moisture) and associated uncertainties is necessary to fully understand the possible risks. Here, we analyze changes in the likelihood of compound hot and dry conditions associated with low precipitation, runoff, and soil moisture using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase6 (CMIP6) simulations for present‐day climate (+1°C) and additional global warming levels (+1.5°C, +2°C, +3°C). Further, we investigate the contributions of different components (e.g., global warming levels, climate models, copula types) to the total spread in their future projections. Results show the significance of global warming levels in governing risks of rising compound hot and dry extremes. The hotspot regions include the Mediterranean, South Central America, Amazonia, and Sahara. The rising risks are also accompanied by rising uncertainty as the spread in changing likelihood is significantly contributed by Earth System Models (ESMs), global warming levels, their interactions, and the statistical estimation error. The uncertainty due to ESMs spread was observed to be most significant in the case of compound hot and low soil moisture extremes, which also corresponds to some of the most impactful conditions. It was observed that the estimation error dominates the uncertainty in compound hot and low precipitation extremes as compared to the two other combinations. Our findings indicate that the regional likelihood and associated uncertainties of compound hot‐dry events in CMIP6 projections are functions of both the selection of drought types and the methodology of deriving the joint extremes.
Thermochronological Evidence for Eocene Deformation in the Southern Patagonian Andes: Linking Orogenesis Along the Patagonian Orocline
Authors: Stevens Goddard A. L. , Fosdick J. C. , Calderón M. , Ghiglione M. C. , VanderLeest R. A. , Romans B. W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThermochronologic results from zircon fission track and (U‐Th)/He data collected across the Patagonian batholith, basement and thrust belt of the southern Patagonian Andes between 51°S and 53°S resolves new spatiotemporal patterns of Paleogene rock cooling that allows us to reconstruct deformational and erosional events along‐ and across‐strike. Our study applies a novel modeling strategy, the Path Family Approach, to filter geologically plausible thermal solutions from inverse modeling results for rocks in this study according to a sample's structural and tectonic context. Our results identify minimal cooling and interpreted exhumation of batholith rocks throughout the Paleogene. However, in the western domain we identify synchronous cooling of Jurassic volcaniclastic rocks in the thrust belt both along‐ and across‐strike between 50 and 35 Ma, which we interpret as a period of out‐of‐sequence deformation that coincides with the start of a distinct period of orogenesis in the Fuegian Andes (54°S). This finding may suggest that the southern Patagonian Andes and Fuegian Andes evolved as a connected orogenic system along the bend of the Patagonian orocline. In the central domain, modeled cooling of thermally reset Cretaceous basinal strata from 60 to 50 Ma corresponds to a well‐recognized erosional unconformity in the adjacent Cenozoic foreland depocenter, indicating that contemporaneous exhumation occurred beyond the margins of the basin. Although not diagnostic, exhumation within the orogenic belt, beyond the Cenozoic foreland basin, provides a new regional context to interpret the cause of this regional erosion event. Collectively these results inform the Paleogene tectonic evolution of the orogen.
GPAT3 regulates the synthesis of lipid intermediate LPA and exacerbates Kupffer cell inflammation mediated by the ERK signaling pathway
Authors: Fan Guoqiang , Li Yanfei , Zong Yibo , Suo Xiaoyi , Jia Yimin , Gao Mingming , Yang Xiaojing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the process of inflammatory activation, macrophages exhibit lipid metabolism disorders and accumulate lipid droplets. Kupffer cells (KCs) are the resident hepatic macrophage with critical defense functions in the pathogenesis of several types of liver disease. How dysregulated lipid metabolism contributes to perturbed KCs functions remains elusive. Here we report that glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 3 (GPAT3) plays a key role in KCs inflammation response. Our findings indicate that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammatory activation markedly increased lipid droplets (LDs) accumulation in KCs. This increase could be attributed to significantly up-regulated GPAT3. The loss of GPAT3 function obviously reduced KCs inflammation reaction both in vivo and in vitro, and was accompanied by improved mitochondrial function and decreased production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), in turn inhibiting extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signaling pathway. Overall, this study highlights the role of GPAT3 in inflammatory activation of KCs and could thus be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammation-related liver disease.
Serine and one-carbon metabolism sustain non-melanoma skin cancer progression
Authors: Cappello Angela , Zuccotti Alessandro , Mancini Mara , Tosetti Giulia , Fania Luca , Ricci Francesco , Melino Gerry , Candi Eleonora 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNon-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is a tumor that arises from human keratinocytes, showing abnormal control of cell proliferation and aberrant stratification. Cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (cBCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are the most common sub-types of NMSC. From a molecular point of view, we are still far from fully understanding the molecular mechanisms behind the onset and progression of NMSC and to unravel targetable vulnerabilities to leverage for their treatment, which is still essentially based on surgery. Under this assumption, it is still not elucidated how the central cellular metabolism, a potential therapeutical target, is involved in NMSC progression. Therefore, our work is based on the characterization of the serine anabolism/catabolism and/or one-carbon metabolism (OCM) role in NMSC pathogenesis. Expression and protein analysis of normal skin and NMSC samples show the alteration of the expression of two enzymes involved in the serine metabolism and OCM, the Serine Hydroxy-Methyl Transferase 2 (SHMT2) and Methylen-ThetraHydroFolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase 2 (MTHFD2). Tissues analysis shows that these two enzymes are mainly expressed in the proliferative areas of cBCC and in the poorly differentiated areas of cSCC, suggesting their role in tumor proliferation maintenance. Moreover, in vitro silencing of SHMT2 and MTHFD2 impairs the proliferation of epidermoid cancer cell line. Taken together these data allow us to link the central cellular metabolism (serine and/or OCM) and NMSC proliferation and progression, offering the opportunity to modulate pharmacologically the involved enzymes activity against this type of human cancer.
A pediatric case of congenital stromal corneal dystrophy caused by the novel variant c.953del of the DCN gene
Authors: Morikawa Hazuki , Nishina Sachiko , Torii Kaoruko , Hosono Katsuhiro , Yokoi Tadashi , Shigeyasu Chika , Yamada Masakazu , Kosuga Motomichi , Fukami Maki , Saitsu Hirotomo , Azuma Noriyuki , Hori Yuichi , Hotta Yoshihiro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe report a 1-year-old girl with congenital stromal corneal dystrophy confirmed by genetic analysis. The ocular phenotype included diffuse opacity over the corneal stroma bilaterally. We performed a genetic analysis to provide counseling to the parents regarding the recurrence rate. Whole exome sequencing was performed on her and her parents, and a novel de novo variant, NM_001920.5: c.953del, p.(Asn318Thrfs*10), in the DCN gene was identified in the patient.
Surprising combinations of research contents and contexts are related to impact and emerge with scientific outsiders from distant disciplines
Authors: Shi Feng , Evans James 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe investigate the degree to which impact in science and technology is associated with surprising breakthroughs, and how those breakthroughs arise. Identifying breakthroughs across science and technology requires models that distinguish surprising from expected advances at scale. Drawing on tens of millions of research papers and patents across the life sciences, physical sciences and patented inventions, and using a hypergraph model that predicts realized combinations of research contents (article keywords) and contexts (cited journals), here we show that surprise in terms of unexpected combinations of contents and contexts predicts outsized impact (within the top 10% of citations). These surprising advances emerge across, rather than within researchers or teams—most commonly when scientists from one field publish problem-solving results to an audience from a distant field. Our approach characterizes the frontier of science and technology as a complex hypergraph drawn from high-dimensional embeddings of research contents and contexts, and offers a measure of path-breaking surprise in science and technology.
Alkalinity responses to climate warming destabilise the Earth’s thermostat
Authors: Lehmann Nele , Stacke Tobias , Lehmann Sebastian , Lantuit Hugues , Gosse John , Mears Chantal , Hartmann Jens , Thomas Helmuth 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlkalinity generation from rock weathering modulates Earth’s climate at geological time scales. Although lithology is thought to dominantly control alkalinity generation globally, the role of other first-order controls appears elusive. Particularly challenging remains the discrimination of climatic and erosional influences. Based on global observations, here we uncover the role of erosion rate in governing riverine alkalinity, accompanied by areal proportion of carbonate, mean annual temperature, catchment area, and soil regolith thickness. We show that the weathering flux to the ocean will be significantly altered by climate warming as early as 2100, by up to 68% depending on the environmental conditions, constituting a sudden feedback of ocean CO2 sequestration to climate. Interestingly, warming under a low-emissions scenario will reduce terrestrial alkalinity flux from mid-latitudes (–1.6 t(bicarbonate) a−1 km−2) until the end of the century, resulting in a reduction in CO2 sequestration, but an increase (+0.5 t(bicarbonate) a−1 km−2) from mid-latitudes is likely under a high-emissions scenario, yielding an additional CO2 sink.
Direct observation of a superconducting vortex diode
Authors: Gutfreund Alon , Matsuki Hisakazu , Plastovets Vadim , Noah Avia , Gorzawski Laura , Fridman Nofar , Yang Guang , Buzdin Alexander , Millo Oded , Robinson Jason W. A. , Anahory Yonathan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe interplay between magnetism and superconductivity can lead to unconventional proximity and Josephson effects. A related phenomenon that has recently attracted considerable attention is the superconducting diode effect, in which a nonreciprocal critical current emerges. Although superconducting diodes based on superconductor/ferromagnet (S/F) bilayers were demonstrated more than a decade ago, the precise underlying mechanism remains unclear. While not formally linked to this effect, the Fulde–Ferrell–Larkin–Ovchinikov (FFLO) state is a plausible mechanism due to the twofold rotational symmetry breaking caused by the finite center-of-mass-momentum of the Cooper pairs. Here, we directly observe asymmetric vortex dynamics that uncover the mechanism behind the superconducting vortex diode effect in Nb/EuS (S/F) bilayers. Based on our nanoscale SQUID-on-tip (SOT) microscope and supported by in-situ transport measurements, we propose a theoretical model that captures our key results. The key conclusion of our model is that screening currents induced by the stray fields from the F layer are responsible for the measured nonreciprocal critical current. Thus, we determine the origin of the vortex diode effect, which builds a foundation for new device concepts.
Atomic-scale study clarifying the role of space-charge layers in a Li-ion-conducting solid electrolyte
Authors: Gu Zhenqi , Ma Jiale , Zhu Feng , Liu Ting , Wang Kai , Nan Ce-Wen , Li Zhenyu , Ma Cheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSpace-charge layers are frequently believed responsible for the large resistance of different interfaces in all-solid-state Li batteries. However, such propositions are based on the presumed existence of a Li-deficient space-charge layer with insufficient charge carriers, instead of a comprehensive investigation on the atomic configuration and its ion transport behavior. Consequently, the real influence of space-charge layers remains elusive. Here, we clarify the role of space-charge layers in Li0.33La0.56TiO3, a prototype solid electrolyte with large grain-boundary resistance, through a combined experimental and computational study at the atomic scale. In contrast to previous speculations, we do not observe the Li-deficient space-charge layers commonly believed to result in large resistance. Instead, the actual space-charge layers are Li-excess; accommodating the additional Li+ at the 3c interstitials, such space-charge layers allow for rather efficient ion transport. With the space-charge layers excluded from the potential bottlenecks, we identify the Li-depleted grain-boundary cores as the major cause for the large grain-boundary resistance in Li0.33La0.56TiO3.
Complete bio-degradation of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) via engineered cutinases
Authors: Yang Yu , Min Jian , Xue Ting , Jiang Pengcheng , Liu Xin , Peng Rouming , Huang Jian-Wen , Qu Yingying , Li Xian , Ma Ning , Tsai Fang-Chang , Dai Longhai , Zhang Qi , Liu Yingle , Chen Chun-Chi , Guo Rey-Ting 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPoly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), a polyester made of terephthalic acid (TPA), 1,4-butanediol, and adipic acid, is extensively utilized in plastic production and has accumulated globally as environmental waste. Biodegradation is an attractive strategy to manage PBAT, but an effective PBAT-degrading enzyme is required. Here, we demonstrate that cutinases are highly potent enzymes that can completely decompose PBAT films in 48 h. We further show that the engineered cutinases, by applying a double mutation strategy to render a more flexible substrate-binding pocket exhibit higher decomposition rates. Notably, these variants produce TPA as a major end-product, which is beneficial feature for the future recycling economy. The crystal structures of wild type and double mutation of a cutinase from Thermobifida fusca in complex with a substrate analogue are also solved, elucidating their substrate-binding modes. These structural and biochemical analyses enable us to propose the mechanism of cutinase-mediated PBAT degradation.
Transmembrane signaling by a synthetic receptor in artificial cells
Authors: Søgaard Ane Bretschneider , Pedersen Andreas Bøtker , Løvschall Kaja Borup , Monge Pere , Jakobsen Josefine Hammer , Džabbarova Leila , Nielsen Line Friis , Stevanovic Sandra , Walther Raoul , Zelikin Alexander N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSignal transduction across biological membranes is among the most important evolutionary achievements. Herein, for the design of artificial cells, we engineer fully synthetic receptors with the capacity of transmembrane signaling, using tools of chemistry. Our receptors exhibit similarity with their natural counterparts in having an exofacial ligand for signal capture, being membrane anchored, and featuring a releasable messenger molecule that performs enzyme activation as a downstream signaling event. The main difference from natural receptors is the mechanism of signal transduction, which is achieved using a self-immolative linker. The receptor scaffold is modular and can readily be re-designed to respond to diverse activation signals including biological or chemical stimuli. We demonstrate an artificial signaling cascade that achieves transmembrane enzyme activation, a hallmark of natural signaling receptors. Results of this work are relevant for engineering responsive artificial cells and interfacing them and/or biological counterparts in co-cultures.
Continuous-mode quantum key distribution with digital signal processing
Authors: Chen Ziyang , Wang Xiangyu , Yu Song , Li Zhengyu , Guo Hong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractContinuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) offers the specific advantage of sharing keys remotely by the use of standard telecom components, thereby promoting cost-effective and high-performance metropolitan applications. Nevertheless, the introduction of high-rate spectrum broadening has pushed CVQKD from a single-mode to a continuous-mode region, resulting in the adoption of modern digital signal processing (DSP) technologies to recover quadrature information from continuous-mode quantum states. However, the security proof of DSP involving multi-point processing is a missing step. Here, we propose a generalized method of analyzing continuous-mode state processing by linear DSP via temporal modes theory. The construction of temporal modes is key in reducing the security proof to single-mode scenarios. The proposed practicality oriented security analysis method paves the way for building classical compatible digital CVQKD.
Plasma bioactive adrenomedullin predicts outcome after acute stroke in early rehabilitation
Authors: Shafieesabet Azadeh , Jauert Nadja , Hartmann Oliver , Arlt Birte , Joebges Michael , Doehner Wolfram 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn early and reliable prediction of outcomes after stroke is important for early effective stroke management and the adequate optimal planning of post-stroke rehabilitation and long-term care. Bioactive adrenomedullin (bio-ADM) is a 52-amino acid peptide that is an important peptide hormone in nervous system diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of bio-ADM on outcomes after rehabilitation in patients with stroke. A total of 557 consecutive patients with a primary diagnosis of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke (age 69.6–12.9 years, male 51.3%, ischemic stroke 72.5%), who were admitted to an in-patient early rehabilitation center directly after discharge from acute stroke hospital care, were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Plasma concentrations of bio-ADM were determined by using a chemiluminescence immunoassay (functional assay sensitivity 8 pg/ml). The early rehabilitation barthel index (ERBI) was used for the neurological assessment of the patients. The plasma bio-ADM level was analyzed in association with 6-month all-cause mortality as well as a composite outcome of all-cause mortality, unscheduled re-hospitalization, or transfer to a long-term care facility in a vegetative or minimally conscious state. Bio-ADM levels significantly increased in patients with ischemic stroke who died compared to surviving patients (40.4 pg/ml vs. 23.8 pg/ml, p < 0.001) or in those with composite outcomes compared to those with no events (36.9 pg/ml vs. 23.5 pg/ml, p < 0.001). Six-month all-cause mortality was higher in all patients with bio-ADM levels > 70 pg/ml (HR 4.83 [CI 2.28–10.2]). Patients with bio-ADM levels > 70 pg/ml also had higher rates of 6-month composite outcomes (HR 3.82 [CI 2.08–7.01]). Bio-ADM was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and 6-month composite outcomes after adjusting for age, gender, and ERBI (adjusted OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.0–2.1; p = 0.047 and adjusted OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.1–2.0; p = 0.01, respectively). Bio-ADM may be a suitable novel biomarker to assess the outcomes of patients in rehabilitation after acute stroke. Elevated bio-ADM concentrations may have prognostic value for fatal and nonfatal events in patients with ischemic stroke during early rehabilitation.
Exploring alternative insecticide delivery options in a “lethal house lure” for malaria vector control
Authors: Oumbouke Welbeck A. , Barreaux Antoine M. G. , Zran Innocent T. , Koffi Alphonsine A. , N’Guessan Yao , Alou Ludovic P. Ahoua , Wolie Rosine Z. , Cook Jackie , Sternberg Eleanore D. , Thomas Matthew B. , N’Guessan Raphael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe In2Care EaveTube is a house modification designed to block and kill malaria mosquitoes using an electrostatic netting treated with insecticide powder. A previous study demonstrated prolonged duration of effective action of insecticide-treated electrostatic netting in a semi-field setting. As part of a cluster randomized controlled trial (CRT) of the EaveTube intervention in Côte d’Ivoire, we investigated the residual efficacy of a pyrethroid insecticide deployed in EaveTubes under village conditions of use. We also explored the scope of using existing malaria control technologies including LLINs and IRS as alternative methods to deliver insecticides in the lethal house lure. The efficacy of beta-cyfluthrin was monitored over time using the “eave tube bioassay” method. Mortality of beta-cyfluthrin exposed pyrethroid resistant Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes was > 80% after 4 months. The impact (mosquito mortality) of PVC tubes coated with pirimiphos methyl was similar to that of beta-cyfluthrin treated insert (66.8 vs. 62.8%) in release-recapture experiments in experimental huts. Efficacy was significantly lower with all the LLINs tested; however, the roof of PermaNet 3.0 induced significantly higher mosquito mortality (50.4%) compared to Olyset Plus (25.9%) and Interceptor G2 (21.6%) LLINs. The efficacy of the alternative delivery methods was short-lived with mortality decreasing below 50% within 2 months in residual activity bioassays. None of the products tested appeared superior to the powder treatments. Further research is therefore required to identify suitable insecticide delivery options in EaveTube for malaria vector control.
Nasal microbiota profiles in shelter dogs with dermatological conditions carrying methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus species
Authors: Horsman Sara , Meler Erika , Mikkelsen Deirdre , Mallyon John , Yao Hong , Magalhães Ricardo J. Soares , Gibson Justine S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDermatological conditions may be complicated byStaphylococcusspp. infections influencing skin and nasal microbiota. We investigated the associations between the resident nasal microbiota of shelter dogs with and without dermatological conditions carrying methicillin-resistant and -sensitive Staphylococcus spp. Nasal sampling of 16 dogs with and 52 without dermatological conditions were performed upon shelter admission (baseline), and then bi-weekly until discharge (follow-up). All samples were cultured forStaphylococcus spp., while 52 samples underwent microbiota analysis.Two elastic net logistic regression (ENR) models (Model 1—baseline samples; Model 2—follow-up samples) were developed to identify predictive associations between dermatological conditions and the variables: signalment, antimicrobial treatment, and nasal microbial genera. Follow-up nasal samples of dogs with dermatological conditions had decreased microbiota diversity and abundance compared to dogs without dermatological conditions. Our ENR models identified predictive differences in signalment and nasal microbial genera between baseline and follow-up samples. Co-occurrence networks showed nasal microbial genera were more dissimilar when comparing dogs with and without dermatological conditions at follow-up. Overall, this study is the first to investigateStaphylococcusspp. carriage effects on nasal microbial genera in a canine animal shelter population, and ultimately reveals the importance of investigating decolonisation and probiotic therapies for restoring nasal microbiota.