bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Missed and Delayed Diagnoses of Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in a Southern Opt-Out HIV Testing Environment Without Reflex HIV RNA Testing
Authors: Gruber Sarah F , Wilber Eli P , Smith Brittany , Rebolledo Paulina A , Colasanti Jonathan A , Iytha Rishika , Schwinne Megan , Robichaux Chad , Lora Meredith H 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Prompt confirmation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is critical. We examined 10 years of discordant results without reflex HIV RNA. Of patients with acute HIV infection, 43.9% (95% confidence interval, 36.2%–52.0%) had confirmation delays &gt;30 days or were never confirmed, indicating a need for reflex RNA to facilitate diagnosis.
Feasibility and acceptability of a mindfulness app-based intervention among patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a multinational study
Authors: Bergerot Cristiane Decat , Bergerot Paulo Gustavo , Philip Errol J , Malhotra Jasnoor , Castro Daniela V , Govindarajan Ameish , Fuzita William Hiromi , França Marcos Vinicius da Silva , Azeredo Andressa Cardoso de , Anjos Gabriel Marques dos , Araujo Romildo de , Hsu JoAnn , Chawla Neal , Chehrazi-Raffle Alex , Buso Marco Murilo , Saab Bechara , Carlson Linda E , Pal Sumanta K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) experience emotional distress and limited supportive care access. This study assesses a mindfulness app’s feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy in improving emotional symptoms, trait mindfulness, and overall quality of life for patients with mRCC on immunotherapy.

Methods
This multinational study recruited patients with mRCC undergoing immunotherapy from Brazil and the United States. Participants were required to engage in mindfulness app-based activities for 20–30 min daily, at least 4 days per week, over a 4-week period. Assessments were conducted at weeks 0, 2, 4, and 12 to evaluate emotional symptoms (PROMIS-Anxiety and Depression, Fear of Cancer Recurrence-7), fatigue (Brief Fatigue Inventory), trait mindfulness (Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale), and quality of life (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-General). Self-reported data were used to assess adherence. Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate changes over time for the measured outcomes.

Results
Among 50 patients with mRCC, the feasibility of this intervention was demonstrated; 96% of patients were assessed at week 4, with high adherence rates reported by 75% of patients. Participants expressed positive feedback on the smartphone-based approach. Significant improvements were observed in emotional symptoms, fatigue, and quality of life scores from baseline to post-intervention (P = .001 for each), suggesting the positive impact of this intervention.

Conclusion
Our findings provide encouraging evidence for the feasibility and acceptability of a mindfulness app-based intervention among patients with mRCC. This intervention may offer a viable and accessible means of providing psychosocial support to patients with mRCC.
Nationcraft and the Origins of Territory: Experiencing Romanía in the Medieval Empire of New Rome
Authors: Matheou Nicholas S M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The modernism debate in the historiography of nationhood and nationalism has fizzled out to a curious détente: the idea that nationhood and nationalism are unique to ‘modernity’ remains dominant, but ‘premodern’ fields continue to research ethnonational phenomena while largely avoiding the vocabulary. Compelling research continues to be produced on both sides of the pre/modern divide, but there is little cross-fertilization between the two. This article returns to the modernism debate, to argue for the utility of political economy as a mode of analysis able to address the dynamics of nationcraft across a range of times and places. The case study is the production and experience of national territory in the medieval empire of New Rome, traditionally termed Byzantium. Between the eighth and thirteenth centuries East Roman political economy produced a national territory known as Romanía, ‘Romanland’, experienced for the most part in terms strikingly similar to the ‘countries’ produced by contemporary nation-states, including a kind of patriotism. The implication, fleshed out with comparative suggestions in the conclusion, is that similarities and differences between the nationcraft of different times and places should be situated in political and economic motions, rather than a pre/modern binary.
Involvement of MID1-COMPLEMENTING ACTIVITY 1 encoding a mechanosensitive ion channel in prehaustorium development of the stem parasitic plant Cuscuta campestris
Authors: Park Jihwan , Morinaga Kyo , Houki Yuma , Tsushima Ayako , Aoki Koh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Parasitic plants pose a substantial threat to agriculture as they attack economically important crops. The stem parasitic plant Cuscuta campestris invades the host’s stem with a specialized organ referred to as the haustorium, which absorbs nutrients and water from the host. Initiation of the parasitic process in C. campestris requires mechanical stimuli to its stem. However, the mechanisms by which C. campestris perceives mechanical stimuli are largely unknown. Previous studies have shown that mechanosensitive ion channels (MSCs) are involved in the perception of mechanical stimuli. To examine if MSCs are involved in prehaustorium development upon tactile stimuli, we treated C. campestris plants with an MSC inhibitor, GsMTx-4, which resulted in a reduced density of prehaustoria. To identify the specific MSC gene involved in prehaustorium development, we analyzed the known functions and expression patterns of Arabidopsis MSC genes and selected MID1-COMPLEMENTING ACTIVITY 1 (MCA1) as a primary candidate. The MSC activity of CcMCA1 was confirmed by its ability to complement the phenotype of a yeast mid1 mutant. To evaluate the effect of CcMCA1 silencing on prehaustorium development, we performed host-induced gene silencing using Nicotiana tabacum plants that express an artificial microRNA-targeting CcMCA1. In the CcMCA1-silenced C. campestris, the number of prehaustoria per millimeter of stem length decreased, and the interval length between prehaustoria increased. Additionally, the expression levels of known genes involved in prehaustorium development, such as CcLBD25, decreased significantly in the CcMCA1-silenced plants. The results suggest that CcMCA1 is involved in prehaustorium development in C. campestris.
Bureaucratic Reputation Theory: Micro-Level Theoretical Extensions
Authors: Willems Jurgen , Waldner Carolin , Winter Vera , Wiedemann Flavia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bureaucratic Reputation Theory (BRT) focuses on the role of public agencies’ reputation as an asset in socio-political dynamics. Agencies aim to manage their reputation for different audiences to have higher levels of (publicly legitimized) strategic independence, autonomy, and discretion. Considering that reputations form because of shared reputational beliefs among individuals, we study bureaucratic reputation from a dialogic perspective between agencies and the individual stakeholders in their audiences. First, we make a case that such socio-cognitive elements are relevant for a broad range of public-serving organizations, pinpointing the broader relevance of BRT beyond public agencies. Second, building on interdisciplinary insights on the formation and evolution of individual perceptions, as well as the social network interactions within and between audiences, we derive 10 micro-level theoretical propositions in three related themes: (1) distinct information sources for reputational beliefs, (2) the episodic nature of agency-audience interactions, and (3) the reputation spillovers between structurally related units.
Failure of the farm bill process in 2023—a perspective from social media activity
Authors: Keeney Roman , Widmar Nicole Olynk , Berenda Austin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In September 2023, the current farm bill was allowed to expire. This marked the fourth consecutive farm bill to see its authorization lapse before replacement legislation was signed into law. The failure in 2023 is notable as significant trade and covid shocks revealed needed reforms in farm and food safety nets. We develop a unique online and social media dataset and metrics to examine 2023 online activity to understand drivers of online farm bill discussion and implications for the future of the traditional farm bill political coalition. These findings echo the increasing concern about future farm bills amid a broadening political divide.
Evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of emergency medicine physicians in managing priapism cases—a cross section study
Authors: Aziz Sameh Saad , Siam Walaa Adel , Saleh Yasser Salem N , Hashem Asmaa A , Bandy Altaf , Bahaj Saleh Salem , Elshemally Amany Ali Essa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Priapism is an emergency condition treated by emergency medicine (EM) physicians and urologists/andrologists. EM physicians are the first-line healthcare providers for this condition, and their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding priapism remain unclear.

Aim
The aim of this study was to understand emergency physicians’ perspectives regarding priapism to help re-structure EM programs.

Methods
This cross-sectional study on knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) surveyed emergency physicians from a university and other hospitals in the Ismailia governorate, Egypt. A validated questionnaire was sent via an online e-survey following the CHEERIES guidelines. Bivariate analysis of demographic characteristics and KAP was performed using by odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Spearman’s rho was used to measure the correlation between knowledge, attitude, and practice. A P &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Main Outcome Measure
Emergency physicians completed an e-survey of their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding priapism.

Results
A total of 149 participants were surveyed. 140 (93%) of EM physicians believed priapism was a medical emergency. 139 (93%) respondents were aware of the long-term complications of priapism. Further, 136 (91.3%) respondents strongly supported the multidisciplinary approach. Of these, 79 (53%) gave intra-cavernous sympathomimetic therapy and 75 (50.3%) did aspiration with irrigation. EM physicians &lt;30 years of age had significantly better knowledge about priapism (OR = 2.47 (1.23-4.96); P = 0.01). Similarly, young physicians had better attitudes (OR = 3.24 (1.31-8.02); P = 0.01) and female physicians demonstrated better practice (OR = 3.36 (1.65-6.82); P = 0.001) toward priapism. A significant positive correlation was observed between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.487), and knowledge and practice (r = 0.281) at P &lt;0.001.

Clinical Implications
EM physicians agreed that EM-based therapy is appropriate for straightforward cases of acute ischemic priapism. Existing educational programs for EM physicians may not adequately equip them in handling priapism in practice.

Strengths and Limitations
This study is the first to investigate EM knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) for priapism handling. The study identified areas for improvement in this regard. However, the cross-sectional design, single governorate setting, and self-administered questionnaire limit its generalizability.

Conclusion
Despite the satisfactory knowledge and attitudes of EM physicians regarding priapism and infection control, this study identified potential areas for improvement in the use of guidelines on invasive treatment.
Sleep trajectory of hospitalized medically ill older adults: do sleep medications make a difference?
Authors: Smichenko Juliana , Shochat Tamar , Zisberg Anna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Study Objectives
Sleep disturbances are prevalent during acute hospitalization in medically ill older patients, with undesirable outcomes. Sleep medication use is common, but its effectiveness is questionable. This study explored the trajectory of sleep parameters from home to hospital and assessed the impact of sleep medication use, considering covariates such as physical symptom burden.

Methods
A prospective multicenter study was conducted in four Israeli hospitals. Cognitively intact older patients (n = 683), with an admission interview and at least one follow-up, were recruited. Total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), sleep quality (SQ), number of awakenings (NOAs), sleep medication use, sleep medication burden (quantity and dosage), and physical symptom burden were recorded daily. Personal and illness-related covariates were included in a repeated measures mixed models design.

Results
Participants (male: 54%, aged 77.31 ± 6.60) showed shorter TST (329.73 ± 111.94 vs. 377.03 ± 101.06 min), lower SE (71.49 ± 19.28% vs. 76.14 ± 15.53%), and higher probability for lower SQ, in the hospital compared to home. Sleep medication use was not correlated with any sleep parameters; sleep medication burden was associated with NOA. Physical symptom burden showed significant main effects on SE, SQ, and NOA, and a significant interaction was found with time points on TST, such that higher burden was more strongly associated with shorter TST at first in-hospital follow-up than at admission, with no differences between all subsequent in-hospital time points.

Conclusions
Sleep declined during acute hospitalization compared to the home, with sleep medications showing minimal effect. Managing symptom burden should be prioritized when addressing sleep disturbances in older patients during hospitalization.
Introduction: Racism of Omission
Authors: Kramer Rory , Ray Victor , Bonilla-Silva Eduardo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Racism, in both the popular imagination and academic conceptualizations, is often characterized as an act of commission. Scholarship sees racism as the actions of individuals, organizations, and states whose choices and policies disadvantage marginalized groups. Discrimination is conceptualized as actions that deny access to housing, work, schooling, or other resources, or as differential treatment once people of color gain entrance to white-dominated spaces. Studying racism as acts of commission has provided insight into the emergence and persistence of racialized exclusion. Yet, focusing disproportionately on commission may downplay long-standing claims about the “structural,” “institutional,” or “systemic” aspects of racism, which can be effectively reproduced through strategic inaction or omissions. This special issue inverts the dominant logic in the study of racism, arguing that scholars should pay greater attention to racism as an act of omission or choosing not to act. As the articles in this special issue show, conceptualizing the racism of omission provides a theoretical bridge between individual and structural accounts because once processes of racial exclusion are institutionalized, they are perpetuated through normalized inaction.
Policy change and national identification: the discursive institutionalism of Japan’s migrant admission policy
Authors: Takaya Sachi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article examines the discursive strategies and institutional context that led the Abe administration to change Japan’s migrant admission policy. For the past thirty years, Japan officially refused to admit migrant workers and instead relied on a side-door policy. However, in 2018, the Japanese government introduced the Specified Skilled Worker Program, marking the first official migrant worker program in post-war Japan. Key factors behind Japan’s reluctance to admit migrants and its reliance on the side-door policy include the pivotal roles of the bureaucracy, institutional constraints, and negative public perceptions of migrants. To overcome these obstacles, the Abe administration employed top-down decision-making within institutional frameworks and used discourses such as the ‘utilisation of foreign human resources’ to justify the reform while framing it as ‘not an immigration policy’ to ensure its legitimacy. Additionally, the discourse surrounding ‘competition for human resources’ and Japan as ‘a chosen country’ motivated the policy reform by emphasising the need to enhance national competitiveness. Drawing on the framework of discursive institutionalism, this article demonstrates that discourses in specific institutional contexts play a critical role in explaining the shift in Japan’s migrant admission policy and reflect changing national identifications.
The impact of multiple infections and community knowledge on engagement with a historical deworming programme: hookworm and Ascaris in Jamaica, 1913–1936
Authors: Roberts Jonathan David , Waddington Lorna L , Quinnell Rupert J , Dunn Alison M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Community engagement with public health efforts often depends on existing knowledge of a health issue.

Methods
Here, qualitative analysis of archival material from the Jamaica Hookworm Commission (1919–1936) and quantitative analysis of prevalence data are used to assess knowledge of and ecological interactions between different helminths during a historical hookworm eradication campaign.

Results
Archival sources demonstrate that Jamaicans were familiar with Ascaris lumbricoides. Surveys revealed a high prevalence of hookworm (62% of individuals infected), Ascaris (30%) and Trichuris trichiura (32%) in communities targeted for hookworm control. Community prevalence of Trichuris was positively associated with the prevalence of Ascaris and hookworm. Many individuals were infected with more than one parasite. At an individual level, data from hospital patients and soldiers showed significant associations between all three parasites. The co-occurrence of hookworm and Ascaris, alongside folk treatment of Ascaris with the same plant used by the Hookworm Commission (Chenopodium ambrisoides) to treat hookworm, made biomedical claims about hookworm credible and biomedical treatment more acceptable. Expulsions of Ascaris following treatment also provided dramatic proof of the effectiveness of treatment, further facilitating engagement.

Discussion/Conclusion
Knowledge of Ascaris and other helminths directly shaped engagement with hookworm treatment, demonstrating how folk medical knowledge, grounded in the biology of the worms, aided a biomedical public health program.
Treatment options to break the cycle of recurrent pericarditis
Authors: Raisinghani Ajit B. , Luis Sushil Allen 
Published: January 2025

Purpose of review
This review provides a contemporary, evidence-based update on the pathophysiological mechanisms and rapidly evolving therapeutic options for recurrent pericarditis.

Recent findings
Recent studies have elucidated the pathogenesis of recurrent pericarditis, identifying autoinflammation as a key mechanism and interleukin-1 (IL-1) as a central modulator of the inflammatory cascade. Multiple clinical trials have investigated novel therapeutic approaches, particularly focusing on IL-1 inhibition. The recent FDA approval of IL-1 pathway blockade for recurrent pericarditis has revolutionized treatment, offering patients significantly improved quality of life and symptom management.

Summary
The enhanced understanding of the autoinflammatory nature of recurrent pericarditis, coupled with groundbreaking advances in targeted therapies, has transformed the treatment landscape for affected patients. The emergence of IL-1 inhibitors as an effective therapeutic option promises substantial improvements in clinical outcomes and patient well being. Clinicians must familiarize themselves with these new treatments, their efficacy, and potential limitations to optimize patient care and guide therapeutic decision-making in this challenging condition.
Use of Narrow Band Imaging to Guide Endobronchial Biopsy for Suspected Sarcoidosis
Authors: Vis Daniel , Dumoulin Elaine , Vakil Erik , MacEachern Paul , Samy Laila , Hergott Chris , Tremblay Alain 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Diagnosis of sarcoidosis often involves endobronchial biopsy (EBB), but studies have shown varying yields for EBB in suspected sarcoidosis, partly due to differences in identifying abnormal mucosa under white light (WL). Narrow band imaging (NBI) may assist in the visualization of abnormal mucosa, but its role in sarcoidosis remains to be characterized.

Methods:
Individuals referred for suspected sarcoidosis were considered for enrollment. Bronchoscopy with both WL and NBI was conducted, followed by EBB. The main objectives were to characterize NBI abnormalities in this patient population and determine the incremental yield of NBI-directed EBB.

Results:
In our cohort of 100 suspected sarcoidosis patients (66% male, median age 42), 88 were diagnosed with sarcoidosis, through cytopathology (n=78) or clinical evaluation (n=10). NBI high-grade lesions were more common than WL high-grade lesions (58% vs. 27%, difference 31%, 95% CI 18.3-42.5% P<0.001). High-grade WL EBB were more likely to be positive than low-grade WL biopsies [20/31 (65%) vs. 20/91 (22%), odds ratio (OR) 6.5, 95% CI 2.7-15.6, P<0.01]). Conversely, high-grade NBI lesions were no more likely to be positive than low-grade NBI lesions [23/63 (37%) vs. 17/59, (29%), OR 1.42, 95% CI 0.66-3.0, P=0.366]. EBB positivity and false-negative EBUS-TBNA were more common in patients with Scadding stage 2 or greater, suggesting that the chest radiography stage may help select patients more likely to benefit from adjunctive EBB.

Conclusion:
NBI abnormalities are common in patients with sarcoidosis, but unlike WL abnormalities, do not predict the finding of granulomatous inflammation on EBB. The chest radiography stage may be useful to identify patients more likely to benefit from EBB in addition to EBUS-TBNA.
Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in gut immunophysiology: from dietary precursors to inflammation resolution
Authors: Albuquerque-Souza Emmanuel , Dalli Jesmond 
Published: January 2025

Purpose of review
This review aims to examine recent research on the role of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) in the regulation of gut immunophysiology.

Recent findings
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, driven by disruptions in the intestinal barrier and an imbalance between the host immune system and gut microbiota. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially ω-3 and ω-6, are key regulators of immune responses and help maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier. These PUFAs serve as precursors to SPMs, lipid mediators that play a critical role in resolving inflammation. SPMs actively reprogram immune cells, promoting the clearance of cellular debris, reducing cytokine production, and restoring tissue homeostasis without suppressing the immune response. Emerging evidence indicates that in the gut, SPMs strengthen intestinal barrier function, modulate immune responses in colitis and colon cancer, and influence gut microbiota composition.

Summary
The recent evidence strongly supports the central role of SPMs in maintaining gut health and restoring organ function following inflammatory challenges. This evidence highlights the potential of therapeutic approaches that target these pathways for both the prevention and treatment of gut-related inflammatory conditions.