bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Home sweet home: Comparison of epibiont assemblages associated with cultivated and wild sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima), co-cultivated blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) and farm infrastructure
Authors: Corrigan Sophie , Brown A. Ross , Tyler Charles R. , Wilding Catherine , Daniels Carly , Ashton Ian G. C. , Smale Dan A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Seaweed farming is expanding in Europe and may provide environmental benefits similar to those from natural kelp forests and shellfish farms, including habitat provisioning. Few studies have substantiated these claims however, and it remains uncertain whether seaweed farms will support similar biodiversity to kelp forests or provide valuable long-term habitat beyond the harvest season. We repeatedly surveyed an integrated sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) and blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) farm in southwest UK to compare epibiont assemblages between cultivated kelps, to those from three nearby wild kelp populations, and to epibionts on farmed mussel lines and unseeded ‘bare’ lines. We found farmed kelps supported 16 times the abundance of epibionts living on wild kelps at harvest time, however, taxonomic diversity per kelp was lower at the farm. Farmed kelp assemblages were dominated by amphipods, which were present on the wild kelps but in much lower numbers. Farmed kelp also supported distinct assemblages to cultivated mussels, which were similarly dominated by amphipods, but hosted higher relative abundances of crabs, echinoderms, worms and red algal biomass. The bare lines were heavily colonised by another pseudo-kelp, Saccorhiza polyschides, which supported similar epibiont assemblages to the seeded S. latissima lines. Our findings indicate that cultivating bivalves alongside seaweed can increase habitat provisioning at a seaweed farm, and extend its permanence beyond typical seaweed cultivation periods as bivalves have longer, continuous farming periods. However, the presence of mussels will likely influence the epibiont assemblages on the farmed kelp, which are distinct from wild kelp populations.
System of counting green oranges directly from trees using artificial intelligence
Authors: Gremes Matheus Felipe , Fermo Igor Rossi , Krummenauer Rafael , Flores Franklin Cesar , Andrade Cid Marcos Gonçalves , Lima Oswaldo Curti da Mota 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Agriculture is one of the most essential activities for humanity. Systems capable of automatically harvesting a crop using robots or performing a reasonable production estimate can reduce costs and increase production efficiency. With the advancement of computer vision, image processing methods are becoming increasingly viable in solving agricultural problems. Thus, this work aims to count green oranges directly from the trees through video footage filmed in line along a row of orange trees on the plantation. For the video image processing flow, a solution was proposed integrating the YOLOv4 network with object tracking algorithms. In order to compare the performance of the counting algorithm using the YOLOv4 network, an optimal object detector was simulated in which frame-by-frame corrected detections were used in which all oranges in all video frames were detected, and there were no erroneous detections. The use of YOLOv4 together with object detectors managed to reduce the number of double counting error and obtained a count close to the actual number of oranges visible in the video. The study also resulted in a database with an amount of 644 images with 43109 annotated oranges that can be used in future works.
Performance of seed-seedling continuum of two agroforestry tree species under inter-specific competition
Authors: Salekin Serajis , Hossain Md Nazmul , Alam Md Azharul , Limon Sharif Hasan , Rahman Md Saidur 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The inter-specific competition among species in a mixed-species plantation is inevitable and the degree of competition for available resources determines the success of species’ co-existence. Different species compete and interact for resources at altered physiological and developmental stages. However, most research investigated inter-specific competition at the mature stage. We examined seed germination and seedling growth of two con-familial species, i.e., Albizia saman and Albizia lebbeck and explored inter-specific competition at their early life stages grown in a different proportional mixture through a replacement series experiment. We found that the germination speed and percentage, the probability of seedling emergence and seedling height were significantly higher in A. saman than in A. lebbeck. Moreover, we observed that A. saman showed higher germination performance in mixtures compared to A. lebbeck, although the germination properties of the species did not significantly vary among treatments. Similarly, the seedling height growth did not vary significantly among treatments, when the seedlings of the studied species were mixed in different proportions. However, both species showed mutualistic relationships, which was significantly modulated by A. saman. Our study suggests that the knowledge of variation in early growth performance of these species and their inter-specific competition influence the recruitment success and will determine the population dynamics of a mixed-species plantation. Furthermore, studies examining the competitive relationship between different species would be invaluable for choosing suitable species and applying proper management approaches for the success of any mixed- species plantation at any afforestation and reforestation activities.
Ranked set sampling in two-stage sampling: Preliminary test estimation in the presence of partial information
Authors: Yanglem Worthing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A new estimator based on two-stage sampling using ranked set sampling in the second stage is constructed in this paper. We demonstrate a preliminary test regression estimator for two auxiliary variables using double sampling in the sampling scheme when there is partial information on one of them. Its bias and mean squared error are derived and the efficiency of the suggested estimator is also computed.
Assessment of wastewater treatment potential of sand beds of River Ganga at Varanasi, India
Authors: Singh Anoop Narain , Mudgal Ankur , Tripathi Ravi Prakash , Omar Padam Jee 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Inadequate sewage treatment plant (STP) capacity, limited power supply, and discharge of partially treated and raw sewage create a significant sanitation problem in Varanasi city, India. This problem becomes severe during the lean period of the river. To reduce the burden on STPs, sewage can be treated and filtered in a naturally occurring sand bed at the convex bank side of the river. In the present study, a 7-km stretch of the sand bed of River Ganga at Varanasi has been selected. This stretch is divided into three zones: entrance, middle, and exit zones. The objective of this research is to assess the filtration potential of selected sections in respective zones and to find out the most suitable zone, out of the three, for wastewater filtration. Seven basic parameters such as dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity, pH, and temperature were measured before and after filtration, through the sand bed of the three zones of River Ganga. Of the three selected zones of the river bend, filtration length and the amount of available sand were found to be maximum in the middle zone. Experimental results and survey work show that the sand bed in the middle zone of the river bend is best suited for wastewater disposal and filtration.
Development of PSA@PS-TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst: structure, mechanism, and application using response surface designs and molecular modeling
Authors: Nkwoada Amarachi Udoka , Onyedika Gerald , Oguzie Emeka , Ogwuegbu Martin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Using periwinkle shell ash (PSA) and polystyrene (PS), a new-fangled PSA@PS-TiO2 photocatalyst was fabricated. The morphological images of all the samples studied using a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) showed a size distribution of 50–200 nm for all samples. The SEM-EDX showed that the membrane substrate of PS was well dispersed, confirming the presence of anatase/rutile phases of TiO2, and Ti and O2 were the major composites. Given the very rough surface morphology (atomic force microscopy (AFM)) due to PSA, the main crystal phases (XRD) of TiO2 (rutile and anatase), low bandgap (UVDRS), and beneficial functional groups (FTIR-ATR), the 2.5 wt.% of PSA@PS-TiO2 exhibited better photocatalytic efficiency for methyl orange degradation. The photocatalyst, pH, and initial concentration were investigated and the PSA@PS-TiO2 was reused for five cycles with the same efficiency. Regression modeling predicted 98% efficiency and computational modeling showed a nucleophilic initial attack initiated by a nitro group. Therefore, PSA@PS-TiO2 nanocomposite is an industrially promising photocatalyst for treating azo dyes, particularly, methyl orange from an aqueous solution.
Integrated High-throughput Transcriptomic Data Identifies Survivin
as a Potential Breast Cancer Therapeutic Biomarker
Authors: Mirza Zeenat 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality
among women worldwide. Advanced stages are usually obstinate with chemotherapy, resulting
in a poor prognosis; however, they are treatable if diagnosed early.

Objective:
Identifying biomarkers that can detect cancer early or have therapeutic significance
is imperative.

Methods:
Herein, a comprehensive bioinformatics-based transcriptomics study of breast
cancer for identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs), followed by a screening of
potential compounds by molecular docking, was performed. Genome-wide mRNA expression
data of breast cancer patients (n=248) and controls (n=65) were retrieved from
the GEO database for meta-analysis. Statistically significant DEGs were used for enrichment
analysis based on ingenuity pathway analysis and protein-protein network analysis.

Results:
A total of 3096 unique DEGs (965 up-regulated and 2131 down-regulated) were
mapped as biologically relevant. The most upregulated genes were COL10A1, COL11A1,
TOP2A, BIRC5 (survivin), MMP11, S100P, RARA, and the most downregulated genes
were ADIPOQ, LEP, CFD, PCK1 and HBA2. Transcriptomic and molecular pathway
analyses identified BIRC5/survivin as a significant DEG. Kinetochore metaphase signaling
is recognized as a prominent dysregulated canonical pathway. Protein-protein interaction
study revealed that KIF2C, KIF20A, KIF23, CDCA8, AURKA, AURKB, INCENP,
CDK1, BUB1 and CENPA are BIRC5-associated proteins. Molecular docking was performed
to exhibit binding interactions with multiple natural ligands.

Conclusion:
BIRC5 is a promising predictive marker and a potential therapeutic target in
breast cancer. Further large-scale studies are required to correlate the significance of BIRC5
in breast cancer, leading to a step toward the clinical translation of novel diagnostic
and therapeutic options.
Recent Developments on Synthesis of Organofluorine Compounds Using Green
Approaches
Authors: Kalar Pankaj Lal , Agrawal Swatantra , Kushwaha Sandhya , Gayen Shovanlal , Das Kalpataru 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
The synthesis of organofluorine compounds plays a vital role in the field of pharmaceuticals,
agrochemicals, and materials since the fluorine-containing compounds have
shown improved biological and physicochemical properties. Significant research has been
directed towards synthesizing organofluorine compounds because organofluorine compounds
have been displayed in several biological activities, including anticancer, antitumor, antihypertensive,
antidepressant, anti-HIV and treatment of stroke. Due to several pharmaceutical
applications of organofluorine compounds, numerous conventional as well as green synthetic
methodologies have been developed for the synthesis of fluorine-containing compounds.
However, particularly, the synthesis of organofluorine compounds using green approaches has
been continuously attracting research interest since green approaches have several advantages,
including the use of inexpensive and nontoxic reagents, catalytic, highly efficient, short reaction time, energy efficient,
high reaction yields, and environmentally benign over the conventional methods. Among the green tools, the
use of microwave-assisted synthesis, water, and ionic liquids as green solvent/reaction media, organocatalysts, photocatalysts,
and solvent-free and catalyst-free reaction conditions have been exploited in the past decades for the
synthesis of organofluorine compounds. In this review, we highlighted the recent developments in various green
methods for the synthesis of organofluorine compounds via electrophilic fluorination for synthesis of various fluorohydrins,
fluorinated acyclic & cyclic β -ketoesters, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, cyclic and acyclic ketones, α -
cyanoesters, α-aryl-tetralones, α-amino acids, flavanones, and several fluorinated heterocycles such as fluorinated
pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrrole, pyrazolone, benzofuran, indole, flavanone, and coumarin derivatives. In addition,
some green methodologies have been highlighted for the synthesis of biologically active fluorinated compounds,
including HIV-1 integrase inhibitors, 20-deoxy-20-fluorocamptothecin, fluorinated estrone, sclareolide, BMS-
204352 (MaxiPost), fluorinated naproxen and fluoxetine.
Role of Allicin in Combination with Fluoxetine for the Treatment of Major
Depressive Disorder in Rodents: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic
Study
Authors: Mishra Ashish , Sahu Sanjeev Kumar , Jain Nilesh 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Depression is one of the most common neurological disorders for which only symptomatic treatment is available with synthetic drugs with serious side effects. Allicin [S-(2-propenyl)-2-propene-1-sulfinothioate] is a bioactive component derived from Allium sativum L. (Garlic). It has the property to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, which reveals its neuroprotective property. A synthetic drug named fluoxetine (selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor) was introduced for the clinical treatment of depression. It is a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor that is well absorbed after oral administration.

Aims and Objectives:
This study aimed to evaluate the anti-depressant effect of fluoxetine alone and in combination with allicin.

Methods:
A pharmacokinetic study of allicin alone as well as in combination with fluoxetine was conducted to evaluate peak concentration, peak concentration time, and area under the curve in blood plasma. Furthermore, the biochemical analysis of neurotrophin levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), serotonin, and dopamine was also performed to determine the anti-depressant activity with synergism effect of allicin and fluoxetine.

Results:
The results of a pharmacokinetic study for co-administration of fluoxetine with allicin and enhanced neurotrophins and monoamines levels confirmed their effectiveness against depression. They may also be effective in suicidal risk associated with anti-depressant drugs.

Conclusion:
A combination of synthetic drugs with herbal compounds may be an alternate and effective therapy to overcome harmful effects.
Network Pharmacology-based and Molecular Docking Combined with
GEO Gene Chips to Investigate the Potential Mechanism of Duhuo Jisheng
Decoction against Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Yang Zhao , Yuan Zhen-Zhen , Ma Xin-long 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with various
symptoms in patients. Duhuo Jisheng Decoction (DHJSD) has been used to treat RA in China for
a long history as a classic TCM formula. However, the underlying pharmacological mechanism
still needs to be elucidated.

Purpose:
In the current study, we combined network pharmacology with molecular docking to
investigate the potential mechanism of DHJSD treating RA.

Methods:
The active compounds and related targets of DHJSD were obtained from the TCMSP
database. The RA targets were retrieved from the GEO database. The PPI network of overlapping
targets was constructed, whereas the core genes were selected by CytoNCA for molecular docking.
GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were used to further explore the biological process and
pathways of overlapping targets. On this basis, molecular docking was carried out to verify the
interrelations of the main compounds and core targets.

Results:
In this study, we found 81 active components corresponding to 225 targets of DHJSD.
Moreover, 775 RA-related targets were obtained, of which 12 were shared between DHJSD targets
and RA target genes. From GO and KEGG analysis, there were 346 GO items and 18 signaling
pathways. As the molecular docking showed, the binding of components was stable with the
core gene.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, our works revealed the underlying mechanism of DHJSD for treating
RA using network pharmacology and molecular docking, which provided a theoretical basis for
further clinical application in the future.
Hybrid Analogues of Hydrazone and Phthalimide: Design, Synthesis, In vivo,
In vitro, and In silico Evaluation as Analgesic Agents
Authors: Shokri Shahla , Ayazi Hoda , Tamjid Mohsen , Ghoreishi Fatemeh , Shokri Mahsa , Badakhshannouri Sogol , Naderi Nima , Daraei Bahram , Mousavi Zahra , Davood Asghar 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Based on the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of hydrazone and
phthalimide, a new series of hybrid hydrazone and phthalimide pharmacophores was prepared and
evaluated as analgesic agents.

Methods:
The designed ligands were synthesized by reaction of the appropriate aldehydes and 2-
aminophthalimide. Analgesic, cyclooxygenase inhibitory, and cytostatic activity of prepared compounds
were measured.

Results:
All the tested ligands demonstrated significant analgesic activity. Moreover, compounds
3i and 3h were the most potent ligands in the formalin and writhing tests, respectively. Compounds
3g, 3j, and 3l were the most COX-2 selective ligands and ligand 3e was the most potent
COX inhibitor with a 0.79 of COX-2 selectivity ratio. The presence of electron-withdrawing
moieties with hydrogen bonding ability at the meta position was found to affect the selectivity
efficiently, in which compounds 3g, 3l, and 3k showed high COX-2 selectivity, and compound 3k
was the most potent one. The cytostatic activity of selected ligands demonstrated that compounds
3e, 3f, 3h, 3k, and 3m showed good analgesic and COX inhibitory activity and were less toxic
than the reference drug.

Conclusion:
High therapeutic index of these ligands is one of the valuable advantages of these
compounds.
Recent Trends in Application of Memristor in Neuromorphic Computing:
A Review
Authors: Panda Saswat , Sekhar Dash Chandra , Dora Chinmayee 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Recently memristors have emerged as a form of nonvolatile memory that is based on
the principle of ion transport in solid electrolytes under the impact of an external electric field. It
is perceived as one of the key elements to building next-generation computing systems owing to
its peculiar resistive switching characteristics. The switching mechanism in a memristor is mainly
governed by filamentary conduction. Further, it can be employed as a memory as well as a
logic element, which makes it an ideal candidate for building innovative computer architecture.
Moreover, it is capable of mimicking the characteristics of biological synapses, which makes it
an ideal candidate for developing a Neuromorphic system. In this review to begin with the
switching mechanism of the memristor, primarily focusing on filamentary conduction, is discussed.
Few SPICE models of memristor are reviewed, and their critical comparison is performed,
which are widely used to build computing systems. An in-depth study on the various
crossbar memory architecture augmented with memristors is reviewed. Finally, the application
of memristors in neuromorphic computing and hardware implementation of Artificial Neural
Networks (ANN) employing memristors is discussed.
Identification of Secretory Proteins in Sus scrofa Using Machine Learning
Method
Authors: Zhang Zhao-Yue , Liu Xiao-Wei , Ma Cai-Yi , Wu Yun 
Published: May 2023

Background:
The expression of secretory proteins is involved in each stage of biomass from fetal development to the immune response. As an animal model for the study of human diseases, the study of protein secretion in pigs has strong application prospects.

Objective:
Although secretory proteins play an important role in cell activities, there are no machine learning-based approaches for the prediction of pig secretory proteins. This study aims to establish a prediction model for identifying the secretory protein in Sus scrofa.

Methods:
Based on the pseudo composition of k-spaced amino acid pairs feature encoding method and support vector machine algorithm, a prediction model was established for the identification of the secretory protein in Sus scrofa.

Results:
The model produced the AUROC of 0.885 and 0.728 on the training set and independent testing set, respectively. In addition, we discussed features used for the prediction.

Conclusion:
In this study, we proposed the first classification model to identify secretory proteins in Sus scrofa. By learning the characteristic of secretory proteins, it may become feasible to design and produce secretory proteins with distinctive properties that are currently unavailable.
Population Ageing in Lower and Middle-income Countries: Policy
Landscape of Southeast Asian Countries
Authors: Manalang Vicerra Paolo Miguel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Populations are ageing at varying rates of development. Countries with developed economies
have experienced such changes to their population structures. Examinations have been conducted
with regard to how respective societies can accommodate the said changes in their health
and social systems, but this research mostly focuses on more developed regions rather than lowerincome
countries. This paper discussed the experience of ageing populations in developing economies,
which comprise the majority of the global older population. They display a vastly different
experience from high-income countries, especially when viewed within the level of world regions.
The cases presented here were from Southeast Asian countries in order to have a wide range of examples
in terms of differences in country-income categories. In lower and middle-income countries,
there are older adults who: continue working as their primary income source, are nonmembers
of pension systems, and provide intergenerational support rather than only receiving it.
The COVID-19 pandemic situation was also included here, as policies were reformed to address
current needs that highlighted the challenging situation of older adults. The populations of countries
that have yet to age substantially, especially those in the least-developed regions, can utilise
this paper’s recommendations in order to prepare for changes in the age structures of their societies.
Rice Malt: A Solvent-Catalyst for the Synthesis of N-Substituted Pyrroles
Authors: Yadav Ram Naresh , Rohand Taoufik , Banik Bimal Krishna 
Published: May 2023

Aim:
The synthesis of diverse N-substituted pyrroles utilizing rice malt is identified. The reaction of hexane-2,5-dione with various primary amines develops the intriguing pyrrole scaffold in moderate to good yields.

Methods:
The reaction was carried out at room to ambient temperature in an extremely environmentally benign condition, without the need for any additional solvents or catalysts.

Results:
In the synthesis of N-derivatized pyrroles, several 1 amines, both cyclic and acyclic residue, have been accomplished.

Conclusion:
To the best of my knowledge, no study has been reported so far based on Paal-Knorr pyrrole synthesis utilizing rice malt as a catalyst and solvent.