bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Classroom Physical Activity Participation and Time on Task on Academic Achievement
Authors: Szabo-Reed Amanda N. , Willis Erik A. , Lee Jaehoon , Hillman Charles H. , Washburn Richard A. , Donnelly Joseph E. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the effect of classroom-based physically active lessons on time on task (TOT) and the relationship of TOT with academic achievement controlling for key demographic variables.MethodsSeventeen elementary schools were cluster randomized to receive classroom physical activity (Academic Achievement and Physical Activity Across the Curriculum,n= 9) or control (i.e., no physical activity,n= 8) for a 3-yr trial. Teachers were trained to deliver physically active lessons with moderate to vigorous intensity targeting 100 min·wk−1. Outcome measures included academic achievement (Wechsler Individual Achievement Test III), administered at baseline and repeated each spring for 3 yr; time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA); and TOT pre- and postphysical activity. Multilevel modeling was used to estimate the effects of percent time spent in MVPA and percent TOT postlesson on academic achievement and the change in these effects over 3 yr, accounting for dependency among observations and covariates including age, gender, race, free or reduced lunch, BMI, and fitness.ResultsA greater percentage of time performing MVPA was significantly associated with higher math scores (P= 0.034) and spelling scores (P< 0.001), but not reading scores. Academic achievement was not associated with TOT.ConclusionFindings suggest that a greater percentage of time spent participating in MVPA results in higher math scores and spelling scores, but not reading scores, independent of TOT. Future studies should continue to evaluate the influence of physically active classroom lessons on time spent on task and its effect on academic achievement. Furthermore, strategies are needed to maximize the effect and to determine the sustainability of physical activity’s effect on classroom behavior and academic achievement.
Three-dimensional mapping of the greater palatine artery location and physiology
Authors: Qi Baiyan , Khazeinezhad Reza , Hariri Ali , Yim Wonjun , Jin Zhicheng , Sasi Lekshmi , Chen Casey , Jokerst Jesse V 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
To develop a novel technique for localizing and reconstructing the greater palatine artery (GPA) using three-dimensional (3D) technology.

Methods:
A miniaturized intraoral ultrasound transducer was used to imaging landmarks including the GPA, gingival margin (GM), and palatal masticatory mucosa (PMM). A 5-mm-thick solid hydrogel couplant was integrated to replace traditional ultrasound gel and avoid bubbles when moving the transducer.

Results:
A panorama image provided the relative localization of landmarks including the GPA, PMM, and hard palate. Short- and long-axis imaging of GPA was performed in five subjects including 3D mapping of GPA branches and surrounding tissues in a volume of 10 mm × 8 mm × 10 mm. Full-mouth Doppler imaging was also demonstrated on both the dorsal and ventral tongue as well as buccal mucosa and sublingual region on two subjects.

Conclusions:
This study can measure the vertical distance from the GM to the GPA and depth from PMM to GPA and visualize the GPA localization in a 3D manner, which is critical to evaluate the available volume of palatal donor tissues and avoid sectioning of GPA during surgical harvesting of the tissues. Finally, the transducer’s small size facilitates full-mouth Doppler imaging with the potential to improve the assessment, diagnosis, and management of oral mucosa.
The role of deep learning for periapical lesion detection on panoramic radiographs
Authors: Çelik Berrin , Savaştaer Ertugrul Furkan , Kaya Halil Ibrahim , Çelik Mahmut Emin 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
This work aimed to detect automatically periapical lesion on panoramic radiographs (PRs) using deep learning.

Methods:
454 objects in 357 PRs were anonymized and manually labeled. They are then pre-processed to improve image quality and enhancement purposes. The data were randomly assigned into the training, validation, and test folders with ratios of 0.8, 0.1, and 0.1, respectively. The state-of-art 10 different deep learning-based detection frameworks including various backbones were applied to periapical lesion detection problem. Model performances were evaluated by mean average precision, accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, precision-recall curves, area under curve and several other Common Objects in Context detection evaluation metrics.

Results:
Deep learning-based detection frameworks were generally successful in detecting periapical lesions on PRs. Detection performance, mean average precision, varied between 0.832 and 0.953 while accuracy was between 0.673 and 0.812 for all models. F1 score was between 0.8 and 0.895. RetinaNet performed the best detection performance, similarly Adaptive Training Sample Selection provided F1 score of 0.895 as highest value. Testing with external data supported our findings.

Conclusion:
This work showed that deep learning models can reliably detect periapical lesions on PRs. Artificial intelligence-based on deep learning tools are revolutionizing dental healthcare and can help both clinicians and dental healthcare system.
Association between care-seeking at health centres preceding hospital admission and in-hospital child mortality in rural Malawi
Authors: Selstø Annlaug , King Carina , Hildenwall Helena , Zadutsa Beatiwel , Banda Lumbani , Phiri Everlisto , Makwenda Charles 
Published: August 2023

Background: Mortality among children with acute illness in low-income countries remains high. Referral issues and limitations in emergency care are major challenges to child health and a hypothesis is that care at lower-level facilities delays quality emergency care. This study investigates the extent of care-seeking at health centres prior to hospital admission for sick children, and its association with inpatient mortality in Malawi. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children aged 0-12 years admitted to hospitals in Mchinji district, Malawi. Data was collected from September 2019 to April 2020 from one district hospital and three community hospitals. Information was collected from caregivers of admitted children, patient files and ward admission registers. The primary analysis assesses the association between referral from a health centre and in-hospital outcomes using logistic regression. Result: A total of 4926 children were included. The majority (n=4265, 86.6%) had gone straight to hospital without being referred from another health facility. The most common diagnoses were malaria (n= 3345, 67.9%), meningitis or sepsis (n= 1047, 21.3%) and pneumonia (n= 656, 13.3%). Children that were referred from a health centre had a case fatality rate of 5.3%, while those that came straight to the hospital had a case fatality rate of 2.5%. Children who had been referred from a health centre had higher odds of dying (AOR: 2.0, CI 95%: 1.3-3.0), compared to self-referred children. Children with anaemia (AOR: 4.1, CI 95%: 2.7-6.3) and malnutrition (AOR: 6.3, CI 95%: 2.7-14.6) had significantly higher odds of dying, than those without these conditions. Conclusion: Most children admitted to hospital had been taken there without a referral, and these children had better survival than those who had been referred. A better understanding of care-seeking pathways, including referral challenges, may direct interventions to improve timely provision of care for sick children.
Preventive efficacy of silver diamine fluoride and MI Varnish on molars affected by molar incisor hypomineralization in children: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Al-Nerabieah Zuhair , AlKhouli Muaaz , Dashash Mayssoon 
Published: August 2023

Background: This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the efficacy of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and MI Varnish in preventing caries development, enamel breakdown, and sensitivity on molars affected by molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in children. Methods: A total of 100 children aged 6 to 9 years were enrolled in the study with two contralateral permanent molars mildly affected by MIH. Affected molars were randomly and equally assigned to receive either SDF or MI Varnish treatment. The interventions were applied at four different time points (baseline, 3, 6, 9 months), and the incidence of caries, caries progression, enamel breakdown, and sensitivity were assessed. Results: The findings of this study revealed significant differences in the incidence of caries between the groups treated with SDF and MI Varnish (P-value < 0.05). Similarly, there was a significant difference in caries progression between the two groups (P-value < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in enamel breakdown scores between the treatment groups, as the majority of teeth in both groups exhibited a score of 0. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in sensitivity between the treatment groups throughout the study period. Conclusions: In conclusion, the results of this study provide evidence that molars treated with SDF demonstrated a lower incidence of caries and a higher rate of caries arrest compared to those treated with MI Varnish. Both interventions showed promise in preventing enamel breakdown and improving sensitivity. These findings highlight the potential of SDF and MI Varnish as effective treatments for caries prevention and management, emphasizing the importance of early intervention and appropriate dental care strategies in maintaining oral health. Trial registration: ISRCTN54243749 (13/01/2022).
Online Food Delivery Platforms and Female Labor Force Participation
Authors: Liu Jialu , Pei Siqi , Zhang Xiaoquan (Michael) 
Published: August 2023

Our research examines the impact of online food delivery platforms on female employment in South Korea, highlighting the often-overlooked positive externalities that digital platforms generate on the labor market and economics. We find that these platforms lead to an immediate and lasting increase in the female employment rate, with a notable increase in the female employment rate by 6.5%. The economic benefits derived from this rise in female employment account for 0.27% to the country’s GDP, or 17 times the revenue of the online food delivery platform. Our analysis shows that such digital platforms offer a pathway for women to break free from traditional household roles, thus granting them more time and the opportunity to decide whether to join the labor market or stay at home. The freedom to be able to join the labor force promotes gender equality and fosters economic engagement. Policymakers need to recognize such indirect effects of technology-driven business models because they shape labor markets and drive economic outcomes. This research has vital implications for practice and policy, offering fresh perspectives on fostering female labor force participation and boosting economic growth. Empowering individual households and granting women greater agency can have profound effects, supplementing organizational measures. The study highlights the underestimated economic and societal value created by innovative technology platforms, emphasizing the need for policymakers to consider these spillover effects when assessing and regulating such platforms. Leveraging digital platforms can lead countries toward a more inclusive and prosperous future, dismantling barriers and promoting gender equality.
Intertemporal Correlation Aversion—A Model-Free Measurement
Authors: Rohde Kirsten I. M. , Yu Xiao 
Published: August 2023

Decisions with risky consequences at multiple points in time are driven not only by risk attitudes and time preferences but also by attitudes toward intertemporal correlation (i.e., the correlation between outcomes at different points in time). This paper proposes a model-free method to measure degrees of intertemporal correlation aversion. We disentangle attitudes toward positive and negative intertemporal correlation, which can differ if expected intertemporal utility is violated. In an experiment, subjects on average exhibited correlation aversion both for lotteries with positive correlation and for lotteries with negative correlation. That is, they disliked positive correlations and liked negative correlations. At the individual level, we found heterogeneity and remarkably, many subjects being insensitive to intertemporal correlations. Moreover, for most subjects, expected intertemporal utility was violated because attitudes toward positive and negative correlation differed. This paper was accepted by Ilia Tsetlin, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: Erasmus Research Institute of Management provided financial support. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4863 .
Re-centering civil rights in the reauthorization of ESEA: An equitable, ecological, evidence-based framework
Authors: DeBray Elizabeth H. , Finnigan Kara S. , George Janel , Scott Janelle 
Published: August 2023

This article considers the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) in light of current educational inequities and the impact of the pandemic. The reauthorization presents an opportunity to center equity and justice and revitalize the civil rights aspects of the law. The authors review recent studies about the myriad ways the COVID-19 pandemic affected students, teachers and school systems and situates the reauthorization within the broader political context, including federal aid to states and districts during the pandemic. The authors present overarching policy recommendations: (1) a restructuring of the law’s titles to focus on students, teachers, and systems (i.e. schools and districts); (2) a focus on the principles of racial equity, an ecosystem approach to serve students’ needs across policy silos (i.e., housing and health), and a focus on research evidence; (3) policy targets for students; (4) policy targets for educators, including professional renewal and retention; (5) policy targets for the education system as a whole, including a focus on fiscal equity and facilitating regional approaches to cross-sector collaborations. The article presents a coherent conceptual framework for a redesign of ESEA with an emphasis on equity, evidence use, and ecosystems that is argued would directly address the needs of students, teachers, and systems.
Pilotprojekte zur Sicherung der Nahversorgung in ländlichen Räumen. Start-ups, sozialorientiertes Unternehmertum und Fördermittel als Treiber?
Authors: Küpper Patrick , Mettenberger Tobias , Bermes Linda 
Published: August 2023

The usual store formats can hardly be operated economically in places with fewer than 2,500 inhabitants. In line with the spiral theory, the resulting retreat from the area offers new commercial opportunities for innovative forms of offering, such as staff-free 24/7 markets or online ordering options. At present, a wide variety of actors are experimenting with new and flexible approaches, and it does not yet seem foreseeable which models will ultimately prevail. How can the initial experiences be systematized and what is the potential for establishment? To this end, we compare five pilot projects that use decentralized, mobile and digital formats to bring everyday goods to consumers. For the five case studies, 35 semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts and customers. Central comparative dimensions are the context of emergence and the actor constellations, the contribution to local supply, the economic viability as well as the social function of the offers. The results show that two cases are strongly subsidy-driven or depend on public support. In two other cases, the social function dominates with the involvement of socially oriented enterprises, where the approaches can rather fulfill a complementary supply function. Finally, there is also a new format that at least has the potential to be rolled out on a large scale in rural areas of Germany and beyond.
Cinema e Astronomia: reflexões sobre o filme Apollo 13 como recurso didático para o Ensino de Ciências
Authors: Melo de Melo José Orlando , Carneiro Palheta Joel Wander , De Freitas Pereira Cristiele , Lobo Santos Vânia 
Published: August 2023

Diante de um ensino que valoriza a memorização e a consequente fragmentação do conhecimento, torna-se fundamental pensar em novas estratégias de aprendizagem que visam o aproveitamento dos alunos no ambiente escolar. Dessa forma, os recursos audiovisuais emergem como possibilidade de trabalhar os conteúdos de cunho científico, os quais podem abordar em diferentes perspectivas os fenômenos que ocorrem dentro e fora da terra. Além disso, a inserção de tópicos de Astronomia frente a essa abordagem possibilita a compreensão de conceitos científicos, principalmente devido ao seu caráter interdisciplinar responsável por integrar diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Diante disso, o trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as reflexões sobre a utilização do filme Apollo 13 enquanto recurso didático para a abordagem dos tópicos referentes à Astronomia no Ensino de Ciências. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo, a partir da aplicação de um minicurso sobre as referidas questões, direcionado a 20 participantes de diferentes áreas de formação. Com isso, utilizou-se um instrumento de coleta de dados para levantar as reflexões dos participantes, sendo os dados posteriormente categorizados mediante a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Diante disso, os participantes apontaram que a interseção entre Astronomia e recursos audiovisuais fornecem importantes contribuições ao Ensino de Ciências, tais como: auxiliar no entendimento de conceitos científicos, despertar o interesse dos alunos e tornar o aprendizado mais dinâmico. Portanto, é fundamental a abordagem desses elementos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, uma vez que ajudam os alunos no pleno desenvolvimento crítico e reflexivo diante da realidade vivenciada.
Ecological indexes and phytoplankton structure of urban reservoirs supplied by estuarine waters and under the effects of seasonality (Belém, Pará, Brazil)
Authors: Brito Pires Paola Vitória , Garcia Díaz Xiomara Franchesca , Brabo de Sousa Eliane , Alves Correia de Melo Nuno Filipe 
Published: August 2023

Ecological indices are used in the study of phytoplankton because they are related to their productivity and can describe the stresses caused by anthropogenic impacts on the aquatic environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytoplankton structure and the application of ecological indices in the monitoring of water quality in public supply reservoirs in Belém (Pará). Monthly sampling occurred in four stations in the Bologna and Água Preta reservoirs from January to October/2019, to determine the abiotic and biotic factors and the calculation of ecological indices. Turbidity, transparency, precipitation and dissolved oxygen were the main abiotic variables that differentiated the reservoirs, evidencing the estuarine, seasonal and anthropogenic influence on species distribution. A total of 187 phytoplankton species were identified with representation of diatoms. In January, Água Preta reservoir presented lower diversity (2.14 ± 0.58 nats.ind-1), equitability (0.57 ± 0.14) and higher dominance (0.25 ± 0.19) with the species Trachelomonas volvocina in higher density, contrary to June that presented higher diversity and equitability and no species dominance. The Bolonha reservoir showed lower richness (8.3 ± 1.9), diversity (1.2 ± 0.5 nats.ind-1) and equitability (0.32 ± 0.12) with dominance of the species Gonyostomum sp. (0.55 ± 0.19). In this sense, the Água Preta reservoir was considered diverse with species well distributed in the environment, while the Bolonha reservoir showed low diversity and dominance of a phytoplankton species. Ecological indices describe well the spatio-temporal variation of phytoplankton in these reservoirs and are a good approach in monitoring environmental quality.
Reduced Cholecystokinin-Expressing Interneuron Input Contributes to Disinhibition of the Hippocampal CA2 Region in a Mouse Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Whitebirch Alexander C. , Santoro Bina , Barnett Anastasia , Lisgaras Christos Panagiotis , Scharfman Helen E. , Siegelbaum Steven A. 
Published: August 2023

A significant proportion of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients experience drug-resistant seizures associated with mesial temporal sclerosis, in which there is extensive cell loss in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 subfields, with a relative sparing of dentate gyrus granule cells and CA2 pyramidal neurons (PNs). A role for CA2 in seizure generation was suggested based on findings of a reduction in CA2 synaptic inhibition (Williamson and Spencer, 1994) and the presence of interictal-like spike activity in CA2 in resected hippocampal tissue from TLE patients (Wittner et al., 2009). We recently found that in the pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (PILO-SE) mouse model of TLE there was an increase in CA2 intrinsic excitability associated with a loss of CA2 synaptic inhibition. Furthermore, chemogenetic silencing of CA2 significantly reduced seizure frequency, consistent with a role of CA2 in promoting seizure generation and/or propagation (Whitebirch et al., 2022). In the present study, we explored the cellular basis of this inhibitory deficit using immunohistochemical and electrophysiological approaches in PILO-SE male and female mice. We report a widespread decrease in the density of pro-cholecystokinin-immunopositive (CCK+) interneurons and a functional impairment of CCK+interneuron-mediated inhibition of CA2 PNs. We also found a disruption in the perisomatic perineuronal net in the CA2 stratum pyramidale. Such pathologic alterations may contribute to an enhanced excitation of CA2 PNs and CA2-dependent seizure activity in the PILO-SE mouse model.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTImpaired synaptic inhibition in hippocampal circuits has been identified as a key feature that contributes to the emergence and propagation of seizure activity in human patients and animal models of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Among the hippocampal subfields, the CA2 region is particularly resilient to seizure-associated neurodegeneration and has been suggested to play a key role in seizure activity in TLE. Here we report that perisomatic inhibition of CA2 pyramidal neurons mediated by cholecystokinin-expressing interneurons is selectively reduced in acute hippocampal slices from epileptic mice. Parvalbumin-expressing interneurons, in contrast, appear relatively conserved in epileptic mice. These findings advance our understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying inhibitory disruption in hippocampal circuits in a mouse model of spontaneous recurring seizures.