bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Divergent Paths: The Statal Securitization of the Kurdish Question and the Struggle for Kurdish Societal Security in Türkiye
Authors: Has Ibrahim 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis article revisits the Kurdish Question and Kurdish struggle offering a fresh examination through the societal securitization perspective of the Copenhagen School. There is insufficient analysis of the struggle between the statal and societal conceptions of security and (de)securitization regarding the Kurdish Question. I therefore identify a gap in the literature on the securitization of the Kurdish Question—which adopts a state‐centric approach without paying attention to the highly understudied societal security of the Kurds. Extant literature tends to reduce the Kurdish Question to debates concerning minorities and terrorism, usually ignoring or legitimizing racist statal securitization through counterterrorism. Instead, I emphasize the intertwined relations between the (de)securitization of the Kurdish Question and the struggle for Kurdish societal security. The article discusses the dialectics of the Kurdish Question—which are as societal as they are territorial—that cannot be analyzed in isolation or independently from one another. Following key elements of the Copenhagen School approach, it constructs the Kurdish movement as the securitizer of societal security, claiming that the realization of societal security is a milestone in desecuritization and the path to a solution to the Kurdish Question.
Challenges and Adaptations of Model‐Based Clustering for Flow and Mass Cytometry
Authors: Doherty Ultán P. , McLoughlin Rachel M. , White Arthur 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTModel‐based clustering is a statistical approach to cluster analysis, which has been successfully deployed in a number of domains due to its principled framework, clear assumptions, and adaptability. For these reasons, there has been substantial interest in applying model‐based clustering methods to flow cytometry and mass cytometry data. The identification of relevant cell populations is a crucial step in the analysis of cytometry data for immunological research. Technological advances have led to a rapid increase in the dimensionality and complexity of cytometry data, prompting significant interest in the use of clustering algorithms in place of traditional manual data analysis techniques for cell population identification. This article highlights how model‐based clustering methods, such as mixture models, have been adapted to meet the many interesting and unusual challenges that present themselves to the researcher when analyzing flow and mass cytometry data. These innovations demonstrate that there is considerable potential for further methodological development and collaboration between the cytometry and model‐based clustering research communities.
Multi-Label MambaOut for Quality Assessment of Low-Field Pediatric Brain MR Images
Authors: Zhu Yueyue , Jiang Haotian , Cai Rongqing , Chen Geng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can be utilized to study the structure of pediatric brains non-invasively. In practice, low-field MRI scanners are widely adopted for pediatric brain imaging. However, the corresponding acquired MRI data usually suffers from severe artifacts, such as noise and motion. Therefore, an effective Quality Assessment (QA) method is essential. To this end, we design a Multi-Label MambaOut (MLMambaOut) model for the low-field pediatric brain MRI QA challenge. Specifically, we view this challenge as a multi-label classification task, utilizing four stages of gated convolution neural network blocks and ML-Decoder to finish the classification with class balance loss. Furthermore, we explore the performance of Mamba and some advanced models for this challenge. We performed extensive experiments on the challenge data, which is low-field and corrupted with seven kinds of artifacts. The results show that our MLMambaOut achieves superior classification results compared with other methods.
Theorising a Gender-Just Political Citizenship in Deeply Divided Transitional Societies
Authors: Eitrem Holmgren Linda 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores how citizenship, nationalism and gender intersect, specifically in deeply divided transitional societies. It discusses how these intersections impact women’s political citizenship and public participation with the aim of defining what a gender-just political citizenship entails. This chapter thus provides a theoretical framework that addresses gendered political citizenship in ethno-nationalist societies and explores how gender equality is affected by transitions from war to peace; how this can open space for renegotiating citizenship but also cause a backlash for women’s rights. The theories of agonistic peace and transversal politics are studied, especially in terms of their potential for creating space for inclusive dialogue and political activism in deeply divided societies. This chapter then theorises how women’s grassroots cross-community activities could inform the conceptualisation of citizenship so that it recognises, validates and encourages women’s political participation. Transversalism is utilised to imagine a gender-just citizenship that builds on intersectionality, multi-sited participation and facilitates coalitions across difference.
Gender, Citizen Participation and Women’s Political Activity in Post-Agreement Northern Ireland
Authors: Eitrem Holmgren Linda 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter analyses women’s political identities and public participation in Northern Ireland since the 1998 peace agreement. It discusses grassroots, party-political and legislative notions of citizen participation and how women participate in formal political life. Northern Ireland’s ethno-nationally based consociational structures and the barriers they present to women’s participation and the advancement of gender equality are also explored. The analysis addresses different manifestations of women’s public, political participation, filtered through aspects such as ethno-nationalist background, level of political activity and gender norms. The chapter also discusses the potential for and obstacles to women’s descriptive and substantive political representation in the formal political system. Overall, this chapter explores indications of progress, standstill or backlash in terms of women’s right to participate in public, political life in Northern Ireland since 1998.
An evaluation of spirooxindoles as blocking agents of SARS-CoV-2 spike/ACE2 interaction: synthesis, biological evaluation and computational analysis
Authors: Ehinak Albert Enama , Lobe Maloba M. M. , Eni Donatus B. , Simoben Conrad V. , Tietjen Ian , Mbenga Tjegbe Mathieu J. , Cassel Joel , Salvino Joseph M. , Montaner Luis J. , Sippl Wolfgang , Efange Simon M. N. , Ntie-Kang Fidele 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has gained significant public health attention owing to its devastating effects on lives and livelihoods worldwide. Due to difficult access to vaccines in many developing countries and the inefficiency of vaccines in providing complete protection even with fully vaccinated persons, there remains the need for the development of novel drugs to combat the disease. This study describes the in vitro activity of a library of fifty-five spiro-fused tetrahydroisoquinoline–oxindole hybrids (spirooxindoles) as potential blocking agents of the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 viral spike and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, essential for viral transmission. The synthesis was conducted by the Pictet-Spengler condensation of phenethylamine and isatin derivatives, while the screening against spike-ACE2 interaction was done using our previously described AlphaScreen fluorescent assay. The in vitro screening identified compound (11j) as the most active, showing a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 3.6 μM against SARS-CoV-2 spike/ACE2 interaction. Structure-activity relationships explained via molecular docking studies and the computation of binding free energy of each compound with respect to the spike/ACE2 protein-protein interaction showed that the most active compound possesses a bulky naphthyl group, which addresses voluminous hydrophobic regions of the ACE2 binding site and interacts with the hydrophobic residues of the target. Therefore, these compounds could be potentially useful in searching for SARS-CoV-2 spike/ACE2 interaction blocking agents.
The distribution of lateral rib fractures: a validation and further development of the AO/OTA classification system in patients with fractures at the rib shaft
Authors: Groh Johannes , Kern Florian , Krause Johannes , Perl Mario , Schulz-Drost Stefan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Rib fractures are prevalent and clinically significant injuries, often associated with thoracic trauma. Despite their frequency, the precise distribution and characteristics of rib shaft fractures remain underexplored. This study investigates the distribution, location, and classification of lateral rib fractures using the AO/OTA classification, focusing on fracture patterns and the relationship to neighbored ribs.

Methods
The study retrospectively analyzed 116 patients with 617 isolated rib fractures treated at a Level 1 trauma center over seven years. Using CT scans, fractures between the tubercle and osteochondral junction of the rib shaft were examined. Fracture type, dislocation, and location were categorized according to AO standards. The 116 patients underwent detailed statistical analysis to identify distribution patterns and correlations between fracture characteristics.

Results
The fractures predominantly occurred between the fifth and seventh ribs, with a focus in the anterolateral to lateral region (40°–69°). Type A fractures were more anteriorly located, while type B fractures and dislocations shifted posteriorly. A regression analysis confirmed the significance of fracture type and dislocation in determining fracture position. Moreover, fractures showed clustering patterns, with adjacent ribs more likely to be injured. A caudal shift in fracture density and localization from the cranial to the caudal thorax was also observed.

Discussion and conclusion
The findings validate the AO/OTA classification for rib fractures, highlighting the need for refined subsegmental divisions within the rib shaft for more precise clinical application. The study underscores the relationship between fracture location, type, and associated injuries, advocating for multicenter studies and a comprehensive classification system for thoracic trauma. This could enhance our understanding of injury patterns and inform treatment strategies.
Nonlinear estimation in turbulent channel flows
Authors: Ding Jitong , Illingworth Simon J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We design a nonlinear estimator for channel flows at

$$Re_{\tau }=180$$

R

e
τ

=
180

and 590. The nonlinear estimator uses a linear estimator structure based on the linearised Navier–Stokes equations and explicitly calculates the nonlinear forcing from the estimated velocities in physical space. The goal is to use limited velocity measurements to predict the velocity field at other locations. We first use the velocities at one wall-normal height to estimate the velocities at other wall-normal heights. The estimation performance is compared among the nonlinear estimator, the linear estimator and the linear estimator augmented with eddy viscosity. At

$$Re_{\tau }=180$$

R

e
τ

=
180

, the nonlinear estimator and the linear estimator augmented with eddy viscosity outperform the linear estimator in terms of estimating the velocity magnitudes, structures and energy transfer (production, dissipation and turbulent transport) across the channel height. The limitations of using measurement data at one wall-normal height are discussed. At

$$Re_{\tau }=590$$

R

e
τ

=
590

, the nonlinear estimator does not work well with only one measurement plane, whereas the linear estimator augmented with eddy viscosity performs well. The performance of the nonlinear estimator and the linear estimator augmented with eddy viscosity at

$$Re_{\tau }=590$$

R

e
τ

=
590

is significantly enhanced by providing multiple measurement planes.
Horn maps of semi-parabolic Hénon maps
Authors: Astorg Matthieu , Bianchi Fabrizio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We prove that horn maps associated to quadratic semi-parabolic fixed points of Hénon maps, first introduced by Bedford, Smillie, and Ueda, satisfy a weak form of the Ahlfors island property. As a consequence, two natural definitions of their Julia set (the non-normality locus of the family of iterates and the closure of the set of the repelling periodic points) coincide. As another consequence, we also prove that there exist small perturbations of semi-parabolic Hénon maps for which the Hausdorff dimension of the forward Julia set

$$J^+$$

J
+

is arbitrarily close to 4.
On partial abelianization of framed local systems
Authors: Kineider Clarence , Rogozinnikov Eugen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Gaiotto, Moore and Neitzke introduced spectral networks to understand the framed G-local systems over punctured surfaces for G a split Lie group via a procedure called abelianization. We generalize this construction to groups G of the form

$${{\,\textrm{GL}\,}}_2(A)$$

GL

2

(
A
)

, where A is a unital associative ring, and to some of its subgroups. This relies on a precise analysis of the two-fold ramified coverings associated with spectral networks and triangulations and on a matrix reinterpretation of their path lifting rules; along the way we provide another proof of the Laurent phenomenon brought to light by Berenstein and Retakh. The partial abelianization enables us to gives parametrizations of the moduli spaces of decorated G-local systems and of framed G-local systems over punctured surfaces. For

$$(A, \sigma )$$

(
A
,
σ
)

a Hermitian involutive

$${\mathbb {R}}$$

R

-algebra the group

$$G={{\,\textrm{Sp}\,}}_2(A, \sigma )$$

G
=

Sp

2

(
A
,
σ
)

is a classical Hermitian Lie group of tube type, and we are able to identify and parametrize the moduli space of maximal framed G-local systems.
A pictorial essay on cross-sectional imaging findings of pathologies in the second (D2) segment of the duodenum in adults
Authors: Basara Akin Isil , Oguzturk Muhammed Enes , Kandemir Bengisu , Mentes Nihal Deniz , Altay Canan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The duodenum, the initial segment of the small intestine, is divided into four parts: the superior (D1), descending (second) (D2), horizontal (D3), and ascending (D4) segments. Despite its short length, the descending part (D2 segment) holds clinical significance due to its anatomical proximity to structures such as the gallbladder, right kidney, colon, and pancreas. This anatomical localization and contiguity give rise to various pathologies, including congenital, inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, vascular, and traumatic conditions. Cross-sectional imaging modalities play a pivotal role in evaluating pathologies of the second (D2) segment of the duodenum. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of these pathologies and delineate their imaging characteristics.
A randomized controlled trial of conventional GVHD prophylaxis with or without teprenone for the prevention of severe acute GVHD
Authors: Kitamura Wataru , Fujii Keiko , Tsuge Mitsuru , Mitsuhashi Toshiharu , Kobayashi Hiroki , Kamoi Chihiro , Yamamoto Akira , Kondo Takumi , Seike Keisuke , Fujiwara Hideaki , Asada Noboru , Ennishi Daisuke , Matsuoka Ken-ichi , Fujii Nobuharu , Maeda Yoshinobu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Therapies that effectively suppress graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) without compromising graft-versus-leukemia/lymphoma (GVL) effects is important in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for hematopoietic malignancies. Geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) is a main component of teprenone, a gastric mucosal protectant commonly used in clinical practice. In preclinical models, GGA suppresses proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which are associated with GVHD as well as induces thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1), which suppresses GVHD while maintaining GVL effects. Here, we investigated whether the addition of teprenone to standard GVHD prophylaxis could reduce the cumulative incidence of severe acute GVHD (aGVHD) without attenuating GVL effects. This open-label, randomized clinical trial enrolled 40 patients (21 control and 19 teprenone group) who received allo-HSCT between May 2022 and February 2023 in our institution. Patients in the teprenone group received 50 mg of teprenone orally thrice daily for 21 days from the initiation of the conditioning regimen. The cumulative incidence of severe aGVHD by day 100 after allo-HSCT was not significantly different in the two groups (27.9 vs. 16.1%, p = 0.25). The exploratory studies revealed no obvious changes in Trx-1 levels, but the alternations from baseline in IL-1β and TNF-α levels at day 28 after allo-HSCT tended to be lower in the teprenone group. In conclusion, we could not demonstrate that teprenone significantly prevented the development of severe aGVHD. Discrepancy with preclinical model suggests that appropriate dose of teprenone may be necessary to induce the expression of antioxidant enzymes that suppress severe aGVHD. Clinical Trial Registration number:jRCTs 061210072.
Posterior vault encephaloceles: from antenatal management to post-surgical follow-up—a cooperative study
Authors: Pasquali Claudia , Thomale Urlich , Szathamri Alexandru , Beuriat Pier Aurelien , Pennacchietti Valentina , Karnoub Mélodie Anne , Vinchon Matthieu , Di Rocco Federico 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Encephalocele is a herniation of intracranial structures associated with a skull anomaly. In Western countries, posterior encephaloceles are more common than anterior encephaloceles and may occur in the parietal (parietal encephalocele, PE) or occipital (occipital encephalocele, OE) region. Although those entities are relatively common in pediatric neurosurgery, large clinical series are scarce, and their clinical outcomes are poorly documented in the literature.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and radiological findings, post-operative long-term outcomes of consecutive patients diagnosed with posterior encephaloceles from 2010 to 2021 in 3 centers: Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant (Lyon, France); Hôpital Roger Salengro (Lille, France); and Charité Universitätsmedizin (Berlin, Germany).

Results
We collected 79 observations, 46 PEs and 33 OEs. Cerebral anomalies were more common in OEs than PEs (15/33, 45% vs 7/46, 15%, p = 0.001). Vascular anomalies were more common in PEs than OEs (41/46, 88% vs 5/33, 15%). All children underwent a surgical correction of the malformation. CSF disorders requiring surgical management were present in 4/33 OEs and 4/46 PEs. During the mean follow-up of 33 months (12–160 months), 3 OEs patients died, and various degrees of psychomotor impairment were found in both entities: 18/33 (54%) OEs and 8/46 (17%) PEs (p = 0.005); however, in most cases of PE, developmental delay was mild.

Conclusions
The clinical evolution in OEs is significantly more unfavorable than in PEs. However, even in case of PEs, psychomotor impairments are not uncommon. The presence of herniated cerebral tissue, hydrocephalus, and syndromic context increase the risk of developmental delay.
Capacity lower bound for the Ising perceptron
Authors: Ding Jian , Sun Nike 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We consider the Ising perceptron with gaussian disorder, which is equivalent to the discrete cube

$$\{-1,+1\}^N$$

{
-
1
,
+
1
}

N

intersected by M random half-spaces. The perceptron’s capacity is the largest integer

$$M_N$$

M
N

for which the intersection is nonempty. It is conjectured by Krauth and Mézard (1989) that the (random) ratio

$$M_N/N$$

M
N

/
N

converges in probability to an explicit constant

$$\alpha _\star \doteq 0.83$$

α
⋆

≐
0.83

. Kim and Roche (1998) proved the existence of a positive constant

$$\gamma $$

γ

such that

$$\gamma \leqslant M_N/N \leqslant 1-\gamma $$

γ
⩽

M
N

/
N
⩽
1
-
γ

with high probability; see also Talagrand (1999). In this paper we show that the Krauth–Mézard conjecture

$$\alpha _\star $$

α
⋆

is a lower bound with positive probability, under the condition that an explicit univariate function

$$\mathscr {S}_\star (\lambda )$$

S
⋆

(
λ
)

is maximized at

$$\lambda =0$$

λ
=
0

. Our proof is an application of the second moment method to a certain slice of perceptron configurations, as selected by the so-called TAP (Thouless, Anderson, and Palmer, 1977) or AMP (approximate message passing) iteration, whose scaling limit has been characterized by Bayati and Montanari (2011) and Bolthausen (2012).
Accelerating FE-based gear mesh calculations in dynamic multi-body simulations with AI
Authors: Willecke Marius , Westphal Christian , Brecher Christian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Dynamic multi-body simulation models of the entire system are particularly important for the development and analysis of gearboxes. With the help of these models, the operational behavior of the gearbox can be examined in detail, without having to produce a prototype. This makes it possible to investigate the influence of various factors, such as misalignments, deformations of components or the usage of different structural components, on the operational behavior of the gearbox. The modelling of the gear mesh is particularly relevant in order to be able to model the behavior of the gearbox realistically. If the gear mesh should be calculated with an enhanced level of detail, numerical FE-based tooth contact analyses are used for each integration step of the dynamic model. These calculate the forces and torques in all spatial directions on the gears based on translational and rotational positions of the gears in contact. However, the disadvantage of this highly precise method is the longer calculation time that results from solving the FE-based tooth contact for each calculation step and prevents efficient use in product development. To improve the calculation time of the model, an AI model, e.g. a neural network, will be used instead of the time-consuming FE-based tooth contact calculation. The neural network reduces the calculation time of the dynamic multi-body model from several hours to just a few minutes. This enables the efficient use of highly accurate gear modelling in dynamic multi-body simulation. The development is carried out as User Force in the simulation software Simpack.