bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated CO2 alters nitrogen cycle in global croplands
Authors: Cui Jinglan , Zhang Xiuming , Reis Stefan , Wang Chen , Wang Sitong , He Peiying , Chen Hongyi , Grinsven Hans van , Gu Baojing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Croplands support global food security and human nutrition, representing the largest nitrogen flows globally. Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) level is a key driver of climate change with multiple impacts on food security, environmental and human health. However, our understanding of how the cropland nitrogen cycle will respond to elevated CO2, so far is not well developed. We demonstrate that elevated CO2 alone would induce a synergistic intensification of the nitrogen and carbon cycles, promote nitrogen use efficiency by 19% (14-26%) and biological nitrogen fixation by 55% (28-85%) in global croplands. This would lead to increased crop nitrogen harvest (+12 Tg), substantially lower fertilizer input requirements (-34 Tg) and an overall decline in reactive nitrogen loss (-46 Tg) annually under future elevated CO2 scenarios by 2050. The impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 on altered cropland nitrogen cycle would amount to 672 billion US dollars benefit in terms of avoiding damages to human and ecosystem health. Regionally, the largest alteration would materialize in China, India, North America, and Europe. To improve the policy design for food security and sustainable development, it would be paramount to integrate the effect of rising CO2 on nitrogen cycle into state-of-the-art Earth System Models.
The impact of perceived social support and coping on distress in a sample of Atlantic Canadian HP Students during COVID-19 compared to pre-COVID peers
Authors: Pamela Button , Laura Fallon , Ken Fowler 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Students pursuing higher education and health professional (HP) programs (e.g., nursing, pharmacy, social work, medicine) experience stressors including academic pressures, workload, developing professional competencies, professional socialization, the hidden curriculum, entering clinical practice and navigating relationships with colleagues. Such stress can have detrimental effects on HP students physical and psychological functioning and can adversely affect patient care. This study examined the role of perceived social support, coping, and resilience in predicting distress of Atlantic Canadian HP students during the COVID-19 pandemic and compared the findings to a pre-COVID population of age and sex matched Canadians. Second year HP students (N = 93) completed a survey assessing distress, perceived social support, and resilience and open-ended questions on student awareness of supports and counselling available to them, their use/barriers to the services, and the impact of COVID-19 on their personal functioning. HP student responses were also compared with age and sex matched Canadian peers from data collected prior to COVID-19. It was found that HP students reported moderate to severe psychological distress, and while they reported high levels of social support on a measure of perceived social support they also reported that the COVID-19 pandemic made them feel isolated and that they lacked social support. It was found that the sample of HP students reported significantly higher psychological distress than the mean scores of the age and sex matched sample of Canadian peers. These findings call for creation of more tailored interventions and supports for HP students.
Estimating chromosome sizes from karyotype images enables validation of de novo genome assemblies
Authors: Pippel Martin , Ludwig Arne , Dibrov Alexandr , Myers Eugene 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Owing to decreased costs over time, the genomes of an increasing number of species are being sequenced. However, chromosome-scale genome assembly is affected by scaffolding errors, resulting in incorrect chromosome sizes. Here, we present KICS, a semi-automated and cost-efficient approach for examining the validity of the assembly by estimating relative chromosome sizes from karyotype images. The method employs threshold-based image segmentation and uses the extracted chromosome areas as proxies for the actual chromosome sizes. A strong correlation between chromosomal area and DNA confirmed the suitability of our approach, as assessed from karyotype images of multiple species. KICS can be applied to microchromosomes, and we identified assembly errors made by HiC sequencing in the horseshoe bat genome. By using the human genome as a reference, for which telomere-to-telomere data are available, we estimate an error of our tool of ∼6Mb. We foresee that KICS will be routinely used as an inexpensive and intuitive tool to validate the de novo assembly of new genomes.
Characteristics and Response of Subretinal Hyperreflective Material to Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization
Authors: Huang Chien-Jung , Hsia Yun , Wang Shih-Wen , Ma I-Hsin , Tsui Mei-Chi , Hung Kuo-Chi , Ho Tzyy-Chang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This retrospective study evaluated the characteristics and response of subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM) to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment in eyes with myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV).
The visual acuity (VA) was assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months after initiating anti-VEGF treatment in 116 patients (119 eyes) with SHRM and myopic CNV. Multimodal imaging, including color fundus photography, fluorescein angiography (FA), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), were performed. We compared type 2 neovascularization (NV) (n=64), subretinal hyperreflective exudation (SHE) (n=37), NV with hemorrhage (n=15), and fibrosis (n=3).
The type 2 NV and NV with hemorrhage groups showed significant VA improvement after 12 months of treatment; the SHE group failed to show improvement (p<0.05, p<0.05, and p=0.366, respectively). All groups showed a significant reduction in central foveal thickness after 12 months of treatment (all p<0.05). The SHE group had a significantly higher incidence of interrupted ellipsoid zone than the other groups (p<0.05).
Myopic CNV can present as SHRM on OCT-A. Visual prognoses vary in different SHRM types. OCT-A and FA may help predict the outcomes of different subtypes of myopic CNV. SHE is predictive of outer retinal layer atrophy in patients with various SHRM types.
Prevalence of long acting reversible contraceptives utilization and associated factors among Ethiopian women: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lemma Dereje , Abdissa Bayisa , Kolola Tufa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background Contraception has become an essential, safe and cost effective component in the lives of women of reproductive age since it avoids the depletion of maternal nutritional reserves and lowers the risk of anaemia caused by many pregnancies and deliveries. Objective The aim of the study was to determine the pooled prevalence of long acting reversible contraceptive utilization and associated factors among Ethiopian women. Methods Systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using PRISMA flow diagram to initially identify (n = 435 databases) and (n = 5 registers). We searched different databases (Pub Med, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) to access published articles between 2017 to March 2022. Heterogeneity between studies was measured using 12 indexes and subgroup analysis was done to determine the possible causes of heterogeneity. Results A total of 440 studies identified and 75 were included in a full review. Only 27 studies met the inclusion criteria. Long-acting reversible contraceptives users were identified in 3,588 of the 12,741 women studied, making a 29% overall prevalence (95% CI: 26–32). With considerable heterogeneity (X2 = 505.29, P = 0.001, I2 = 94.85%), the estimated prevalence differed significantly between studies. The odds of using Long acting reversible contraceptive was four times higher among those who have had previous history of LARC utilization (P = 0.001, 95% CI 2.55, 4.57), women with a positive attitude towards birth control (P = 0.001, 95% CI 1.5–2.3), and having good knowledge (p = 0.001, 95% CI 1.16–1.98) were two times more likely to use LARC compared to their counter parts Conclusion Prevalence of Long acting reversible contraceptive was low among Ethiopian women 29% (95%CI (26–32 ). Previous Long acting reversible contraceptive use, positive attitude towards birth control, and having good knowledge were independent predictors of LARC utilization.
The Efficacy and Accuracy of 3D-Guided Orthodontic Piezocision: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gibreal Omar , Al-modallal Yasser , Mahmood Ghiath , Gibreal Ahmad 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
No randomized controlled trial (RCT) has studied the accuracy of surgical guides used in terms of orthodontic treatment acceleration. Therefore the aim of this trial was to assess computer-guided piezocision-based orthodontic.
Materials and Methods
Thirty-two patients with severely crowded upper anterior teeth were enrolled and randomly allocated to either the experimental group (ExpG) or the control one. Subjects of the ExpG received three-dimensional (3D) guided piezoelectric corticotomies on the buccal alveolar bone of the anterior region. Five piezocision cuts were properly performed between each anterior teeth and the adjacent in virtual models. Surgical guides were designed and 3D-printed with preplanned slots that guide gingival and then piezoelectric incisions. The patients underwent Cone-Beam Computed Tomography CBCT before and immediately after surgery. Thus, Predesigned piezocisions were compared to the actual ones in attempt to measure three dimensional deviations of the applied peizocisions.
Results
Ninety-six severe maxillary dental crowding were assigned for eligibility, 40 of them met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-two participants were randomly allocated to the trial`s groups. No patient was lost to follow-up neither from the control nor the experimental group. Overall alignment time (OAT) was reduced by 53% in the experimental group compared to the control group. The mean of the 3D deviation of the surgical guide was 0.23mm (standard deviation 0.19mm).
Conclusion
The values of the surgical guide deviation was nearly null, which confirms that this innovative technique is clinically applicable. Furthermore, this technique was impressively effective in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement.
Trial Registration:
This trial was registered at The ISRCTN registry (ID: ISRCTN65498676 Registration date: 07/04/2021).
Multi-criterion approach for assessment of hydrochemical characteristics and human health risk of groundwater in Khartoum State, Sudan
Authors: Mohammed Musaab A. A. , Eltijani Abdelrhim , Szabó Norbert P. , Szűcs Péter 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Recently, groundwater has been recognized as one of the primary sources of water supply in Sudan. However, groundwater quality continues to deteriorate due to natural and human-induced activities. This research employed groundwater quality index (GWQI), multivariate statistical methods and human health risk assessment to investigate the suitability of groundwater for domestic uses in northern Khartoum state, Sudan. The groundwater samples were analyzed for eleven physiochemical parameters, including pH, EC, TDS, TH, Cl-, SO4-2, NO3-, Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, HCO3- and the primary investigation indicated the deviation of these parameters from World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The hydrochemical analysis revealed different groundwater facies with the dominance of Ca-Mg-HCO3 water type. Consequently, the groundwater samples were classified, based on GWQI, into three categories as 76.4 % of the samples fall in the excellent water class, 17.6 % are projected in the good water class, and 5.9 % of groundwater samples are considered unsuitable for human consumption. The multivariate statistical methods, including Pearson's correlation analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and principal component analyses (PCA), were applied to determine groundwater quality data's structure and the primary factors influencing groundwater quality. These techniques revealed that groundwater in the study area is mainly controlled by rock-water interaction and agricultural practice. Additionally, they were used to categorize groundwater samples based on their chemical content. As a result, three types of groundwater were identified low, medium, and highly mineralized. In the final stage, the non-carcinogenic human health risk was assessed based on the concentration of NO3- and the obtained hazard quotient for children indicated that 64.7 % of groundwater samples are beyond the permissible limit (1<) and the use of these samples may result in health consequences. As a result, remedial measures are suggested for the sustainable use of groundwater.
Determinants and Spatial Factors of Anemia in Women of Reproductive Age in the DRC: A Bayesian Multilevel Ordinal Logistic Regression Model Approach
Authors: Soda Martin Abysina , Kandala Ngianga-Bakwin , Hamuli Eugénie Kabali , Batina Salomon 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: As a global public health problem, anemia affects more than 400 million women of reproductive age worldwide, mostly in Africa and India. In the DRC, the prevalence of this anemia has decreased slightly from 52.9% in 2007, to 46.4% in 2012 and 42.4% in 2019. However, there is considerable regional variation in its distribution.
Methods: Based on the Bayesian Multilevel Spatial Ordinal Logistic Regression Model, we use the DHS-DRC II data to observe whether individual and environmental characteristics of the reproductive-age woman contribute to the development of anemia and the mapping of anemia in terms of residual spatial effects.
Results: Age, pregnancy status, body mass index, education level, current breastfeeding, current marital status, contraceptive and insecticide-treated net use, source of drinking water supply, toilet/latrine use, and province of residence were the factors contributing to anemia in women of reproductive age in DRC. With Global Moran's I = -0.00279, p-value ≥ 0.05, the spatial distribution of anemia in women of reproductive age in DRC results from random spatial processes. Thus, the observed spatial pattern is completely random.
Conclusion: The Bayesian Multilevel Spatial Ordinal Logistic Regression statistical model is able to adjust for risk and spatial factors of anemia in women of reproductive age in DRC. Keywords: Determinants and spatial factors, Anemia in women of reproductive age, Multilevel and spatial Bayesian ordinal logistic regression model.
A Study Indicates an Essential Link between a Mild Deterioration in Excretory Kidney Function and the Risk of Neutropenia during Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Stryczyńska-Mirocha Adriana , Łącki-Zynzeling Stanisław , Borówka Maciej , Niemir Zofia I. , Kozak Sylwia , Owczarek Aleksander J. , Chudek Jerzy 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Neutropenia is a common adverse event during myelosuppressive oncological chemotherapy, predisposing to febrile neutropenia (FN). Patients with coexisting moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an increased risk of FN, included in the guidelines for the primary prophylaxis of FN. However, this does not include mild kidney function impairment with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 60–89 ml/min/1.73m2. This prospective study analyzed the risk of neutropenia in patients on chemotherapy without indication for the primary prophylaxis of FN.
Methods: The study enrolled 38 patients starting chemotherapy, including 26 (68.4%) patients aged 65 years or more. The median duration of follow-up was 76 days. The methodology of creatinine assessment enabled the use of the newly recommended CKD-EPI formula for identifying patients with a mild reduction of glomerular filtration.
Results: Sixteen (42.1%) patients developed at least G2 neutropenia without episodes of FN. Only five (13.1%) patients had eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73m2, while 15 (62.5%) eGFR < 90ml/min/1.73m2. The relative risk of neutropenia in patients with impaired eGFR was over six times higher than in patients with eGFR >90 ml/min/1.73m2 (RR=6.08; 95%CI:1.45–27.29; p< 0.01).
Conclusions: Our observation indicates that even a mild reduction in eGFR is a risk factor for the development of neutropenia and a potential risk factor for FN. Authors are advised to check the author instructions for the journal they are submitting to for word limits and if structural elements like subheadings, citations, or equations are permitted.
Heterostructure design of 3D hydrangea-like Fe3O4/Fe7S8@C core-shell composite as a high-efficiency microwave absorber
Authors: Wang Yan , Cheng Runrun , Cui Wen-Gang , Lu Zhao , Yang Yaxiong , Pan Hongge , Che Renchao 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In an era dominated by electronic equipment, the development of high-efficiency electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers is of great significance in solving electromagnetic (EM) pollution. Micro/Nanostructural engineering for optimizing EMW absorption performance depends on the design of vacancy, defect, and heterogeneous interface, which remains a considerable challenge in adjusting the micro and macro-interface effects. In this work, S atoms are incorporated into a dielectric-magnetic complementary system (Fe3O4/Fe7S8@C) to arouse the polarization effect of vacancies, defects, and non-uniform interfaces, thus tremendously boosting the EM energy attenuation capacity. Besides, the carbon shell provides more propagation paths for the dissipation of EMWs, and dielectric-magnetic synergy improves impedance matching. Eventually, in comparison with Fe2O3 and Fe3O4@C composites, interface-engineered Fe3O4/ Fe7S8@C acquires a much better EM wave absorption performance. Its minimum reflection loss value reaches as much as -56.2 dB with a thickness of only 1.6 mm, and the corresponding effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is up to 4.5 GHz. This unique hydrangea-like layered structure provides space to facilitate non-uniform coupling between the layers and has strong anisotropy to enhance the magnetic response. The high density of magnetic flux in the nanosheets builds a three-dimensional magnetic coupling network, which is supported by Off-axis electron holography. Besides, the radar cross section from HFSS simulation further confirms that S-doping can favor the best synergy between dielectric and magnetic losses, facilitating the composite to achieve a more optimal impedance matching and improve the absorption capacity. In conclusion, this work presents new ideas for the design of excellent absorbing materials.
A Scalable and Flexible Platform for Service Placement inMulti-Fog and Multi-Cloud Environments
Authors: Azizi Sadoon , Farzin Pedram , Shojafar Mohammad , Rana Omer 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Provisioning services for Internet of Things (IoT) devices leads to severalchallenges: heterogeneity of IoT devices, varying Quality of Services (QoS)requirements, and increasing availability of both Cloud and Fog resources. Thelast of these is most significant to cope with the limitations of Cloud infrastructureproviders (CIPs) for latency-sensitive services. Many Fog infrastructure providers(FIPs) have recently emerged and their number is increasing continually. FLEX isproposed in this work as a platform for selecting a location for service placementin a multi-Fog and multi-Cloud environment. For each service, FLEX broadcastsservice requirements to the resource managers (RMs) of the available Fog andCloud service providers and then selects the most suitable provider for that service.FLEX is scalable and flexible as it leaves it up to the RMs to have their ownpolicy for the placement of submitted services. Service placement and resource selectionhas been formulated as an optimization problem and an efficient heuristicalgorithm is proposed to solve it. Results show that the proposed algorithm canbe used across both Cloud and Fog-based providers.
Clinical outcomes of frozen-thawed blastocysts from zygotes with no or one pronucleus for in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles
Authors: Tong Xiaomei , Jin Jiamin , Xue Yamei , Fang Lu , Zhu Haiyan , Jiang Lingying , Zhang Songying 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the clinical outcomes of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) cycles using frozen-thawed blastocyst transfers derived from zygotes with no (0PN) or one pronucleus (1PN).
Methods
This retrospective study included 7084 0PN, 2238 1PN and 72266 two-pronuclear (2PN) embryos cultured into blastocyst stage from 19631 IVF and 12377 ICSI cycles between March 2018 and December 2021. Developmental potential and clinical outcomes of 0PN, 1PN and 2PN embryos were analyzed. A total of 290 0PN-derived, 92 1PN-derived and 1906 2PN-derived single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfers were performed. Chromosome analysis of 0PN-, 1PN- or 2PN-derived blastocysts used Infinium Asian Screening Array gene chip or next-generation sequencing.
Results
The available blastocyst rates of 0PN and 1PN embryos were significantly lower than those of 2PN embryos in both IVF and ICSI cycles. Single 0PN and 1PN blastocysts transferred in frozen-thawed cycles resulted in a similar clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate and miscarriage rate compared with 2PN blastocysts, in both IVF and ICSI cycles. Genetic analysis showed that euploid rates of 0PN- and 1PN-derived blastocysts used for ICSI cycles were similar to that of 2PN-derived blastocysts.
Conclusion
Our study indicated that 0PN- and 1PN-derived blastocysts resulted in a similar CPR and LBR as 2PN-derived blastocysts. The 0PN- and 1PN-derived blastocysts from ICSI cycles can be transferred as well as those from IVF cycles when the number of 2PN-derived blastocysts is insufficient.
Daytime sky quality at El Leoncito, Argentina
Authors: Iglesias Francisco , Francile Carlos , Lazarte-Gelmetti Julieta , Balmaceda Laura , Cisterna Florencia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We characterize the daytime sky quality in terms of its brightness, cloud coverage and main weather variables at the Carlos Ulrico Cesco stationof the Felix Aguilar Astronomical Observatory (OAFA), located in El Leoncito national park, San Juan, Argentina. We have collected more than 15 years of daily observations from the auxiliary sky brightness detectors of the Mirror Coronagraph for Argentina (MICA, in operations from 1997 to 2012), including daily observing reports. We additionally present data from two meteorological stations that operated at the site from 2000 to 2020. We determine the main statistical properties and seasonal variability of daytime sky brightness, clear sky timefraction (CSTF), precipitable water vapor (WV), temperature, humidity and wind speed, which are relevant for solar and particularly coronal observations. Our results confirm that El Leoncito is an excellent place to perform daytimeastronomical observations. We measure a median sky brightness of 15.8 ppm, estimated at 526.0 ± 1 nm and 6 solar radii from the solar disk center; a median CSTF of 0.7; and a median WV below 6 mm. These values, and those of other relevant weather variables, are comparable to the levels found among the best astronomical observing sites in the world. Due to the extended period of time analyzed and high sampling frequency, the novel data and results presented in this report contribute to the analysis and interpretation of historical sky brightness data, and are of great value for the future planning of daytime astronomical instrumentation at El Leoncito.