bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Pneumonitis Incidence in Patients with Non–small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Immunotherapy and/or Chemotherapy Using Real-world and Clinical Trial Data
Authors: Liu Qi , Zhang Chenan , Huang Yue , Huang Ruihao , Huang Shiew-Mei , Larkins Erin , Stapleford Liza , Rivera Donna R. , Kluetz Paul G. , Wang Shenggang , Zhu Hao , Weese James , Cromartie Elizabeth , Teka Mahder , Walters Sheetal , Wolf Frank , Brown Thomas D. 
Published: January 2023

Pneumonitis is a potentially life-threatening complication of anticancer therapy, and future treatment decisions may be informed by characterizing patients receiving therapies in the real-world setting. In this study, the incidence of treatment-associated pneumonitis (TAP) was compared among patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) or chemotherapies in either of two settings: randomized clinical trials (RCT) or real world data (RWD)-based clinical practice. Pneumonitis cases were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes (for RWD), or the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities preferred terms (for RCTs). TAP was defined as pneumonitis diagnosed during treatment or within 30 days of the last treatment administration. Overall TAP rates in the RWD cohort were lower [ICI: 1.9%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2–3.2; chemotherapy: 0.8%; 95% CI, 0.4–1.6] than overall rates in the RCT cohort (ICI: 5.6%; 95% CI, 5.0–6.2; chemotherapy: 1.2%; 95% CI, 0.9–1.5). Overall RWD TAP rates were similar to grade 3+ RCT TAP rates (ICI: 2.0%; 95% CI, 1.6–2.3; chemotherapy: 0.6%; 95% CI, 0.4–0.9). In both cohorts, higher TAP incidence was observed among patients with a past medical history of pneumonitis than those without, regardless of treatment group. On the basis of this sizable study leveraging RWD, TAP incidence was low in the RWD cohort, likely in part due to methodology used for RWD focusing on clinically significant cases. Past medical history of pneumonitis was associated with TAP in both cohorts.Significance:Pneumonitis is a potentially life-threatening complication of anticancer treatment. As treatment options expand, management decisions become increasingly complex, and there is a greater need to understand the safety profiles of the treatment options in the real-world setting. Real-world data serve as an additional source of valuable information to complement clinical trial data and inform understanding of toxicity in patients with non–small cell lung cancer receiving ICIs or chemotherapies.
Measuring the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Behaviors and Health Care Utilization in Rural and Urban Patients with Cancer and Cancer Survivors
Authors: Cole Allison , Andrilla C. Holly A. , Patterson Davis , Davidson Sarah , Mendoza Jason 
Published: January 2023

Health care access and health behaviors differ between those living in urban and rural communities and contribute to inequitable cancer health outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant disruptions in daily life and health care delivery. This cross-sectional survey aimed to measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health behaviors of patients with cancer and survivors, comparing outcomes for urban and rural respondents. Survey was administered from January 2021 to June 2021 to patients with cancer or survivors (treated within the last 5 years) at one of six cancer centers in Washington and Idaho. Respondent ZIP code was used to assess rurality using rural-urban commuting area designation. A total of 515 rural (43.5% of those contacted) and 146 urban (40% of those contacted) patients with cancer and survivors participated. Few differences between urban and rural patients with cancer and cancer survivors were noted. Rural residents were older (69.2 vs. 66.9 years). Rural respondents had higher mean alcohol consumption than urban respondents (4.4 vs. 2.7 drinks per week). A total of 12.2% of those who reported drinking in the last 30 days also reported increased alcohol consumption since the start of the pandemic, with no difference in reported increased alcohol consumption in rural versus urban respondents. A total of 38.5% reported decreased physical activity. A total of 20.5% reported canceling or delaying cancer care due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Delays in cancer health care services and worsening health behaviors due to the COVID-19 pandemic may contribute to poorer health outcomes, with few differences between rural and urban patients with cancer and cancer survivors.Significance:COVID19 led to significant disruptions in health care access and daily life. Rural communities experience barriers to healthy behaviors and health care access that contribute to poorer cancer outcomes, compared with urban populations. The impact of COVID19 on rural and urban patients with cancer and cancer survivors has not been assessed.
Conservation significance of Changaram wetlands - a key wintering site for migratory shorebirds and other waterbirds in the western coast of Kerala, India
Authors: Anand Jasmine , H. Byju  , Nefla Aymen , S. Abhijith  , Omer R. Reshi  , K.M. Aarif  
Published: January 2023

Changaram wetland is an important stopover ground for migratory shorebirds, gulls, terns, and other waterbirds in the western coast of Kerala and it encompasses major habitats like exposed mudflats, mangrove fringes, and an agroecosystem. A total of 77 species of waterbirds (shorebirds, large wading birds, gulls, and terns) including long distance migrants, local migrants, and resident species were encountered in our survey carried out during 2018 and 2019. Ten out of these 77 species fall under threatened category in the IUCN Red List and hence the Changaram wetlands demand immediate attention from the conservation perspective. Considering tremendous anthropogenic pressures faced by these wetlands, and the decline in the abundance of waterbirds, a regular system for monitoring the bird population and the wetlands must be deployed for the conservation of the ecosystem and of the birds.
Parallel processing relies on a distributed, low-dimensional cortico-cerebellar architecture
Authors: Müller Eli J. , Palesi Fulvia , Hou Kevin Y. , Tan Joshua , Close Thomas , Gandini Wheeler-Kingschott Claudia A. M. , D’Angelo Egidio , Calamante Fernando , Shine James M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A characteristic feature of human cognition is our ability to ‘multi-task’—performing two or more tasks in parallel—particularly when one task is well learned. How the brain supports this capacity remains poorly understood. Most past studies have focussed on identifying the areas of the brain—typically the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex—that are required to navigate information-processing bottlenecks. In contrast, we take a systems neuroscience approach to test the hypothesis that the capacity to conduct effective parallel processing relies on a distributed architecture that interconnects the cerebral cortex with the cerebellum. The latter structure contains over half of the neurons in the adult human brain and is well suited to support the fast, effective, dynamic sequences required to perform tasks relatively automatically. By delegating stereotyped within-task computations to the cerebellum, the cerebral cortex can be freed up to focus on the more challenging aspects of performing the tasks in parallel. To test this hypothesis, we analysed task-based fMRI data from 50 participants who performed a task in which they either balanced an avatar on a screen (balance), performed serial-7 subtractions (calculation) or performed both in parallel (dual task). Using a set of approaches that include dimensionality reduction, structure-function coupling, and time-varying functional connectivity, we provide robust evidence in support of our hypothesis. We conclude that distributed interactions between the cerebral cortex and cerebellum are crucially involved in parallel processing in the human brain.
Environmental Forcing of Upper-Tropospheric Cold Low on Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Structural Change
Authors: Chen Yu-An , Wu Chun-Chieh 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The interaction between Typhoon Nepartak (2016) and the upper-tropospheric cold low (UTCL) is simulated to better understand the impact of UTCL on the structural and intensity change of tropical cyclones (TCs). An experiment without UTCL is also performed to highlight the quantitative impacts of UTCL. Furthermore, idealized sensitivity experiments are carried out to further investigate the specific TC–UTCL configurations leading to different interactions. It is shown that a TC interacting with the UTCL is associated with a more axisymmetric inner-core structure and an earlier rapid intensification. Three plausible mechanisms related to the causality between a UTCL and the intensity change of TC are addressed. First, the lower energy expenditure on outflow expansion leads to higher net heat energy and intensification rate. Second, the external eddy forcing reinforces the secondary circulation and promotes further TC development. Ultimately, the shear-induced downward and radial ventilation of the low-entropy air is unexpectedly reduced despite the presence of UTCL, leading to stronger inner-core convections in the upshear quadrants. In general, the TC–UTCL interaction process of Nepartak is favorable for TC intensification owing to the additional positive effect and the reduced negative effect. In addition, results from sensitivity experiments indicate that the most favorable interaction would occur when the UTCL is located to the north or northwest of the TC at a stable and proper distance of about one Rossby radius of deformation of the UTCL.
Insights in Hailstorm Dynamics through Polarimetric High-Resolution X-Band and Operational C-Band Radar: A Case Study for Vienna, Austria
Authors: Klaus Vinzent , Rieder Harald , Kaltenböck Rudolf 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Data from a dual-polarized, solid-state X-band radar and an operational C-band weather radar are used for high-resolution analyses of two hailstorms in the Vienna, Austria, region. The combination of both radars provides rapid-update (1 min) polarimetric data paired with wind field data of a dual-Doppler analysis. This is the first time that such an advanced setup is used to examine severe storm dynamics at the eastern Alpine fringe, where the influence of local topography is particularly challenging for thunderstorm prediction. We investigate two storms transitioning from the pre-Alps into the Vienna basin with different characteristics: 1) A rapidly evolving multicell storm producing large hail (5 cm), with observations of an intense ZDR column preceding hail formation and the rapid development of multiple pulses of hail; and 2) a cold pool–driven squall line with small hail, for which we find that the updraft location inhibited the formation of larger hailstones. For both cases, we analyzed the evolution of different ZDR column metrics as well as updraft speed and size and found that (i) the 90th percentile of ZDR within the ZDR column was highest for the cell later producing large hail, (ii) the peak 90th percentile of ZDR preceded large hailfall by 20 min and highest updraft size and speed by 10 min, and (iii) sudden drops of the 90th percentile of ZH within the ZDR column indicated imminent hailfall.

Significance Statement
Thunderstorm evolution on the transition from complex terrain into the Vienna basin in northeastern Austria varies strongly. In some instances, thunderstorm cells intensify once they reach flat terrain, while in most cases there is a weakening tendency. To improve our process understanding and short-term forecasting methods, we analyze two representative cases of hail-bearing storms transitioning into the Vienna basin. We mainly build our study on data from a new, cost-efficient weather radar, complemented by an operational radar, lightning observations, and ground reports. Our results show which radar variables could be well suited for early detection of intensification, and how they relate to thunderstorm updraft speeds and lightning activity.
Use of psychotropic medications in adults with intellectual disability: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Song Menghuan , Rubin Bryn S , Ha Justin WT , Ware Robert S , Doan Tan N , Harley David 
Published: January 2023

Objective: This study presents the proportion of adults with intellectual disability using psychotropic medications including antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives, and psychostimulants. Methods: A search was performed in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus up to 31 December 2021. Articles were included if they reported the proportion of adults with intellectual disability using psychotropic medications. Frequency of use was estimated using a random effects meta-analysis. Meta-regression analysis was used to assess the association between study-level characteristics and variability in estimates, when heterogeneity was considerable. Results: Twenty-four articles were included in pooled analysis. The pooled prevalence of psychotropic medications was 41% (95% confidence interval: 35–46%). Pooled prevalences of subclasses were as follows: antipsychotics 31% (27–35%), antidepressants 14% (9–19%), anxiolytics 9% (4–15%), hypnotics/sedatives 5% (2–8%), and psychostimulants 1% (1–2%). Heterogeneity was considerable between studies, except for psychostimulants. There was no significant association between assessed characteristics and variability in prevalence estimates. Conclusion: Two-fifths of adults with intellectual disability were prescribed psychotropic medications. Antipsychotics and antidepressants were used by one-third and one-seventh of adults, respectively. There was considerable variability between studies, and further investigation is required to determine the source of variability. More studies are needed to better characterise prescribed psychotropic medications, including effectiveness and adverse effects, to ensure appropriate use of these drugs.
Ameliorative Potential of Betanin on Cigarette Smoke Extract-induced Respiratory Mucosal Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Adult Zebrafish Model
Authors: Alqasmi Ibrahim 
Published: January 2023

Background Betanin, a natural pigment and glycosidic bioactive compound, possesses anti-inflammatory antioxidant activity. Objectives In this study, we evaluated the potential effect of betanin on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced pulmonary inflammation in the zebrafish model. Materials and Methods Zebrafish were randomly divided into five groups with control, CSE-exposed and betanin-treated after CSE exposure for 3 and 6 days. Oxidative stress-related parameters like reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were analysed, histopathological studies were carried out and gene expression of proinflammatory tumour necrosis factor-alpha, inducible NO synthase and anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 cytokines was determined. Results Treatment with betanin reduced ROS, MPO and NO with histopathological improvement, alleviating CSE-induced pulmonary inflammation. Further, decreased expression of the proinflammatory gene and increased expression of the anti-inflammatory gene were observed after 6 days of treatment. Conclusion Betanin exhibits a protective effect against CSE exposure by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation.
Effect of Educational Intervention Based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on Doing Breast Self-examination in a Sample of Iranian Women
Authors: Khani Jeihooni Ali , Moayedi Zahra Sadat , Momenabadi Victoria , Ghalegolab Farzaneh , Afzali Harsini Pooyan 
Published: January 2023

Background: Breast self-examination (BSE) is an important part of health care for all women in every stage of life. This study aimed to investigate the effect of theory of planned behavior (TPB) on doing BSE in a sample of Iranian women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out to examine the factors affecting the BSE in 400 women. Then, a quasi-experimental study was conducted on 200 subjects (100 in experimental group and 100 in control group). The educational intervention for the experimental group consisted of 8 training sessions. A questionnaire including demographic characteristics, knowledge, and constructs of TPB was used to measure BSE performance before and 6 months after the intervention. Constructs of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control predicted the intention to do the BSE. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 31.65 ± 7.59 years. The studied variables predicted 38.7% of behavioral intention ( P < .001, odds ratio = 0.387). Six months after the intervention, the experimental group showed a significant increase in the knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, intention, and BSE performance compared with the control group ( P < .001). Conclusions: This study showed that educational intervention based on the TPB was effective in promoting breast cancer screening behavior such as BSE. Therefore, it is suggested that health educators and health care planners use educational texts based on these constructs of TPB to increase their influence on individuals via screening behavior for breast cancer.
Suicide and non-fatal self-injury-related emergency department visits among individuals with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Giannouchos Theodoros V , Beverly Judith , Christodoulou Ilias , Callaghan Timothy 
Published: January 2023

We analyzed the Healthcare Cost and Utilization State Emergency Department (ED) Databases and State Inpatient Databases for all individuals who were 2 years of age or older with at least one ED visit from 2011 to 2016 in New York to estimate the association between suicide and non-fatal injury-related ED visits and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our study included 14.4 million individuals with 43.5 million ED visits. Of those, 31,946 (0.2%) individuals had ASD accounting for 162,440 ED visits (0.4%). Compared to those without ASD, individuals with ASD had 2.1 more ED visits on average, higher shares of inpatient ED visits, more years of ED utilization, and higher prevalence of mental health-related comorbidities and diagnoses and self-injury-related ED visits. Among the ASD cohort, 6.1% had at least one self-injury-related ED visit compared to 2.2% among those without ASD. Using multivariable regressions adjusted for sociodemographic, clinical, contextual, and visit-level characteristics, we found that individuals with ASD were significantly more likely to have at least one self-injury-related ED visit compared to those without ASD. Our findings highlight the importance of raising awareness among caregivers and providers about the increased self-injury risk that individuals with ASD face and to tailor care delivery practices towards their needs. Lay abstract This study used data for 14.4 million individuals with 43.5 million emergency department visits from all hospitals in the state of New York to explore the association between suicide and non-fatal self-injury-related (self-injury) emergency department visits and autism spectrum disorder. Overall, we found that individuals with autism spectrum disorder had more emergency department visits and admissions through the emergency department, more years of emergency department utilization, and higher prevalence of mental health-related comorbidities. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder were also significantly more likely to have at least one self-injury-related emergency department visit compared to those without autism spectrum disorder. These results emphasize the need to raise awareness across both family caregivers and healthcare providers on the increased suicide and self-injury risks that individuals with autism spectrum disorder face and to improve care delivery practices. In addition, effort to promote and increase timely access to mental health care is an urgent priority for individuals with autism spectrum disorder.
Plasma sphingolipids, lung function and COPD: the Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Gharib Arya R. , Jensen Paul N. , Psaty Bruce M. , Hoofnagle Andrew N. , Siscovick David , Gharib Sina A. , Sitlani Colleen M. , Sotoodehnia Nona , Lemaitre Rozenn N. 
Published: January 2023

RationaleCOPD is the third leading cause of death in the United States. Sphingolipids, structural membrane constituents that play a role in cellular stress and apoptosis signalling, may be involved in lung function.MethodsIn the Cardiovascular Health Study, a prospective cohort of older adults, we cross-sectionally examined the association of plasma levels of 17 sphingolipid species with lung function and COPD. Multivariable linear regression and logistic regression were used to evaluate associations of sphingolipid concentrations with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and odds of COPD, respectively.ResultsOf the 17 sphingolipids evaluated, ceramide-18 (Cer-18) and sphingomyelin-18 (SM-18) were associated with lower FEV1values (–0.061 L per two-fold higher Cer-18, p=0.001; −0.092 L per two-fold higher SM-18, p=0.002) after correction for multiple testing. Several other associations were significant at a 0.05 level, but did not reach statistical significance after correction for multiple testing. Specifically, Cer-18 and SM-18 were associated with higher odds of COPD (odds ratio per two-fold higher Cer-18 1.29, p=0.03 and SM-18 1.73, p=0.008). Additionally, Cer-16 and SM-16 were associated with lower FEV1values, and Cer-14, SM-14 and SM-16 with a higher odds of COPD.ConclusionIn this large cross-sectional study, specific ceramides and sphingomyelins were associated with reduced lung function in a population-based study. Future studies are needed to examine whether these biomarkers are associated with longitudinal change in FEV1within individuals or with incident COPD.
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial mediastinal cryobiopsy in the diagnosis of mediastinal lesions: safety, feasibility and diagnostic yield – experience in 50 cases
Authors: Ariza-Prota Miguel , Pérez-Pallarés Javier , Fernández-Fernández Alejandro , García-Alfonso Lucía , Cascón Juan A. , Torres-Rivas Héctor , Fernández-Fernández Luis , Sánchez Inmaculada , Gil Maria , García-Clemente Marta , López-González Francisco 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundEndobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is the technique of choice in the study of mediastinal and hilar lesions; however, it can be affected by the insufficiency of intact biopsy samples, which might decrease its diagnostic yield for certain conditions, thus requiring re-biopsies or additional diagnostic procedures such as mediastinoscopy when the probability of malignancy remains high. Our objectives were to 1) attempt to reproduce this technique in the same conditions that we performed EBUS-TBNA,i.e.in the bronchoscopy suite and under moderate sedation; 2) describe the method used for its execution; 3) determine its feasibility by accessing different lymph node stations applying our method; and 4) analyse the diagnostic yield and its complications.MethodsThis was a prospective study of 50 patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA and EBUS-guided transbronchial mediastinal cryobiopsy (TMC) in a single procedure using a 22-G TBNA needle and a 1.1-mm cryoprobe subsequently between January and August 2022. Patients with mediastinal lesions >1 cm were recruited, and EBUS-TBNA and TMC were performed in the same lymph node station.ResultsThe diagnostic yield was 82% and 96% for TBNA and TMC, respectively. Diagnostic yields were similar for sarcoidosis, while cryobiopsy was more sensitive than TBNA in lymphomas and metastatic lymph nodes. As for complications, there was no pneumothorax and in no case was there significant bleeding. There were no complications during the procedure or in the follow-up of these patients.ConclusionsTMC following our method is a minimally invasive, rapid and safe technique that can be performed in a bronchoscopy suite under moderate sedation, with a higher diagnostic yield than EBUS-TBNA, especially in cases of lymphoproliferative disorders and metastatic lymph nodes or when more biopsy sample is needed for molecular determinations.