bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Will this umbrella leak? A caribou umbrella index for boreal landbird conservation
Authors: Micheletti Tatiane , Haché Samuel , Stralberg Diana , Stewart Frances E. C. , Chubaty Alex M. , Barros Ceres , Bayne Erin M. , Cumming Steven G. , Docherty Teegan D. S. , Dookie Amanda , Duclos Isabelle , Eddy Ian M. S. , Gadallah Zuzu , Haas Claudia A. , Hodson James , Leblond Mathieu , Mahon C. Lisa , Schmiegelow Fiona , Tremblay Junior A. , Van Wilgenburg Steven L. , Westwood Alana R. , McIntire Eliot J. B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConservation approaches that efficiently protect multiple values, such as the umbrella species concept, have been widely promoted with expected dramatic ecosystem changes. Due to its social and cultural importance, and recent declining trends, boreal populations of woodland caribou have been suggested as potential umbrella species for other declining taxa, such as boreal landbirds. We propose a generic pixel‐based umbrella index that focuses on fine‐grained habitat overlaps. In light of ongoing conservation efforts worldwide implementing area‐based targets (e.g., 30% by 2030), we used a random neutral model as baseline, as opposed to a no‐conservation scenario, which has been used elsewhere. We found that the conservation efficiency of caribou as an umbrella for 71 co‐occurring landbirds—three of which are priority species—in the Northwest Territories, Canada, is generally lower than our random model, as 53% of the species presented negative umbrella index medians with the interquartile range not overlapping zero. We conclude that in cases where area‐based targets drive decision‐making and the issue at stake involves identifying which areas to conserve—not whether to conserve—woodland caribou may be a leaky umbrella for most co‐occurring landbird species and these might need complementary conservation actions to be brought in from the rain.
Mobile money taxation and informal workers: Evidence from Ghana's E‐levy
Authors: Anyidoho Nana Akua , Gallien Max , Rogan Mike , van den Boogaard Vanessa 
Published: March 2023

SummaryMotivationIn recent years, governments in low‐income countries have increasingly introduced taxes on mobile money transfers. These are often explicitly promoted as a way of taxing informal economic activity, but critics have noted their potential negative impact on lower‐income groups and specifically those in the informal sector. Yet there is virtually no evidence base on the effects of mobile money taxes on informal workers.PurposeThis article assesses how informal workers in Accra, Ghana, use mobile money and how they perceive Ghana's Electronic Transfer Levy (E‐levy), introduced in May 2022. This provides a particularly interesting case study to explore the equity implications of the tax, as the policy was explicitly justified as a way of taxing the informal economy but also includes measures to limit the tax burden on lower‐income groups.Methods and approachThe article uses data from a survey of 2,700 self‐employed informal workers in the Accra Metropolitan Assembly to capture citizen perceptions of the policy and to examine the likely impact of the E‐levy on informal workers with reference to equity.FindingsOverall, our results suggest that the E‐levy is highly regressive. Further, we show that most informal workers disapprove of the E‐levy, reflecting not just concerns about its equity impacts, but also disappointment with the government's performance.Policy implicationsOur findings suggest that taxes on digital financial services should be reconsidered from an equity perspective. While some policy measures, including those undertaken in Ghana, can protect low‐income earners, they are often insufficient to counteract overall regressive impacts. Where they are implemented, social spending from the revenue from these taxes should target low‐income populations in the informal economy, while governments should focus on building trust among informal workers with regard to revenue raising and spending.
Calvarial suture interdigitation in hadrosaurids (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda): Perspectives through ontogeny and evolution
Authors: Dudgeon Thomas W. , Evans David C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLambeosaurine hadrosaurids exhibited extreme modifications to the skull, where the premaxillae, nasals, and prefrontals were modified to form their iconic supracranial crests. This morphology contrasts with their sister group, Hadrosaurinae, which possessed the plesiomorphic arrangement of bones. Although studies have discussed differences between lambeosaurine and hadrosaurine skull morphology and ontogeny, there is little information detailing suture modifications through ontogeny and evolution. Suture morphology is of particular interest due to its correlation with the mechanical loading of the skull in extant vertebrates. We quantify and contrast the morphology of calvarial sutures in iguanodontians and ontogenetic series of Corythosaurus and Gryposaurus to test whether the evolution of lambeosaurine crests impacted the mechanical loading of the skull. We found that suture interdigitation (SI) increases through ontogeny in hadrosaurids, although this increase is more extreme in Corythosaurus than Gryposaurus, and overall suture complexity (i.e., overall shape) remained constant. Lambeosaurines also have higher SI than other iguanodontians, even in crestless juveniles, suggesting that increased sinuosity is unrelated to the structural support of the crest. Hadrosaurines and basal iguanodontians did not differ. Similarly, lambeosaurines have more complexly shaped sutures than hadrosaurines and basal iguanodontians, while the latter two groups do not differ. Taken together, these results suggest that lambeosaurine calvarial sutures are more interdigitated than other iguanodontians, and although suture sinuosity increased through ontogeny, the suture shape remained constant. These ontogenetic and evolutionary patterns suggest that increased suture complexity in lambeosaurines coincided with crest evolution, and corresponding modifications to their facial skeleton altered the distribution of stress while feeding.
Seasonal distribution of the early life stages of the small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) and its dynamic controls adjacent to the Changjiang River Estuary
Authors: Xu Min , Wang Yihe , Liu Zunlei , Liu Yong , Zhang Yi , Yang Linlin , Wang Fei , Wu Hui , Cheng Jiahua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe distribution of the early life stages of Larimichthys polyactis indicates the availability of suitable spawning and nursing grounds and enables a better understanding of the distribution of its geographic subpopulations and isolation. Large‐scale quantitative ichthyoplankton surveys of L. polyactis were performed from March to July 2018, and a numerical hydrodynamic model was applied to explore the spatiotemporal distribution and habitats of L. polyactis early life stages adjacent to the Changjiang River Estuary. Two distinct early life stage distribution patterns were found. One occurred during March and April in the deep waters seaward of the Changjiang River bottom plume front, to the east and southeast of the Changjiang River Estuary. The other occurred in May and June throughout the entire water column in coastal waters to the east and north of the Changjiang River Estuary. Rising seasonal temperatures, and the local dynamic processes such as the Changjiang River plume, determined the transitions between the two distribution patterns. A potential fish larval migration route from the southern deep shelf waters to the northern coastal waters within the motor‐trawl prohibition line was suggested. This study contributes to our understanding of the mixture of habitats used by the two L. polyactis subpopulations in the southern Yellow Sea and the East China Sea.
Asymmetric effects of daytime and nighttime warming on alpine treeline recruitment
Authors: Shi Hang , Zhou Quan , He Rui , Zhang Quanfa , Dang Haishan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTrees at their upper range limits are highly sensitive to climate change, and thus alpine treelines worldwide have changed their recruitment patterns in response to climate warming. However, previous studies focused only on daily mean temperature, neglecting the asymmetric influences of daytime and nighttime warming on recruitments in alpine treelines. Here, based on the compiled dataset of tree recruitment series from 172 alpine treelines across the Northern Hemisphere, we quantified and compared the different effects of daytime and nighttime warming on treeline recruitment using four indices of temperature sensitivity, and assessed the responses of treeline recruitment to warming‐induced drought stress. Our analyses demonstrated that even in different environmental regions, both daytime and nighttime warming could significantly promote treeline recruitment, and however, treeline recruitment was much more sensitive to nighttime warming than to daytime warming, which could be attributable to the presence of drought stress. The increasing drought stress primarily driven by daytime warming rather than by nighttime warming would likely constrain the responses of treeline recruitment to daytime warming. Our findings provided compelling evidence that nighttime warming rather than daytime warming could play a primary role in promoting the recruitment in alpine treelines, which was related to the daytime warming‐induced drought stress. Thus, daytime and nighttime warming should be considered separately to improve future projections of global change impacts across alpine ecosystems.
At the intersection of trust and mistrust: A qualitative analysis of motivators and barriers to research participation at a safety‐net hospital
Authors: Tamlyn Autumn L. , Tjilos Maria , Bosch Nicholas A. , Barnett Katherine Gergen , Perkins Rebecca B. , Walkey Allan , Assoumou Sabrina A. , Linas Benjamin P. , Drainoni Mari‐Lynn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe underrepresentation of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) individuals in healthcare research limits generalizability and contributes to healthcare inequities. Existing barriers and attitudes toward research participation must be addressed to increase the representation of safety net and other underserved populations.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured qualitative interviews with patients at an urban safety net hospital, focusing on facilitators, barriers, motivators, and preferences for research participation. We conducted direct content analysis guided by an implementation framework and used rapid analysis methods to generate final themes.ResultsWe completed 38 interviews and identified six major themes related to preferences for engagement in research participation: (1) wide variation in research recruitment preferences; (2) logistical complexity negatively impacts willingness to participate; (3) risk contributes to hesitation toward research participation; (4) personal/community benefit, interest in study topic, and compensation serve as motivators for research participation; (5) continued participation despite reported shortcomings of informed consent process; and (6) mistrust could be overcome by relationship or credibility of information sources.ConclusionDespite barriers to participation in research studies among safety‐net populations, there are also facilitators that can be implemented to increase knowledge and comprehension, ease of participation, and willingness to join research studies. Study teams should vary recruitment and participation methods to ensure equal access to research opportunities.Patient/Public ContributionOur analysis methods and study progress were presented to individuals within the Boston Medical Center healthcare system. Through this process community engagement specialists, clinical experts, research directors, and others with significant experience working with safety‐net populations supported data interpretation and provided recommendations for action following the dissemination of data.
Deodorants and antiperspirants: New trends in their active agents and testing methods
Authors: Teerasumran Paweenuch , Velliou Eirini , Bai Shuo , Cai Qiong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSweating is the human body's thermoregulation system but also results in unpleasant body odour which can diminish the self‐confidence of people. There has been continued research in finding solutions to reduce both sweating and body odour. Sweating is a result of increased sweat flow and malodour results from certain bacteria and ecological factors such as eating habits. Research on deodorant development focuses on inhibiting the growth of malodour‐forming bacteria using antimicrobial agents, whereas research on antiperspirant synthesis focuses on technologies reducing the sweat flow, which not only reduces body odour but also improves people's appearance. Antiperspirant's technology is based on the use of aluminium salts which can form a gel plug at sweat pores, obstructing the sweat fluid from arising onto the skin surface. In this paper, we perform a systematic review on the recent progress in the development of novel antiperspirant and deodorant active ingredients that are alcohol‐free, paraben‐free, and naturally derived. Several studies have been reported on the alternative class of actives that can potentially be used for antiperspirant and body odour treatment including deodorizing fabric, bacterial, and plant extracts. However, a significant challenge is to understand how the gel‐plugs of antiperspirant actives are formed in sweat pores and how to deliver long‐lasting antiperspirant and deodorant benefits.
Fabrication and corrosion resistance of a superhydrophobic coating on Mg‐Li alloys via MAO and HDTMS modification
Authors: Ma Xiaochun , Wang Dan , Wu Ruizhi , Fang Ziming , Jin Siyuan , Wang Jiahao , Qian Bingyu , Hou Legan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA simple and environment‐friendly method was designed to prepare superhydrophobic (SHP) surface on Mg‐Li alloy by the combination of microarc oxidation and a subsequent hexadecyltrimethoxysilane modification. In the coating, a low‐energy surface with rough structure was successfully synthesized, resulting in a high contact angle of 163.1° and a superior corrosion resistance. The high corrosion resistance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of superhydrophobicity and physical barrier ability of SHP coating. Furthermore, the SHP coating exhibits excellent self‐cleaning property and chemical stability.
Authenticating starch adulteration in sweet potato starch using small‐angle X‐ray scattering
Authors: Zhang Yiping , Jiang Xiaobing , Wang Hailei 
Published: March 2023

SummaryAuthenticating the adulteration of sweet potato starch with other large‐scale‐produced commercial starches is an urgent matter to control the qualities of sweet potato starch and its related foods. This study discussed the application of small‐angle X‐ray scattering on authenticating the adulteration of sweet potato starch with cassava starch, maize starch and rice starch. Rice starch had a similar thickness of semi‐crystalline lamellae but cassava starch and maize starch exhibited different thicknesses of semi‐crystalline lamellae compared with sweet potato starch. The thickness of semi‐crystalline lamellae of mixed starches changed depending on the proportion of sweet potato starch (X) and obeyed the functions of Thickness = −0.01633X + 11.39637 (sweet potato starch‐cassava starch) and Thickness = −0.01768X + 11.5631 (sweet potato starch‐maize starch), respectively. These functions were then verified and confirmed their potential in the adulteration of sweet potato starch with cassava starch and maize starch but not rice starch.
RETRACTED: Incidence rate and risk factors of surgical wound infection in general surgery patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ashoobi Mohammad Taghi , Asgary Mohammad Reza , Sarafi Milad , Fathalipour Narjes , Pirooz Amir , Jafaryparvar Zakiyeh , Rafiei Elahe , Farzin Mohaya , Samidoust Pirouz , Delshad Mohammad Sadegh Esmaeili 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHospital‐acquired infections (HAIs) are considered a major challenge in health care systems. One of the main HAIs, playing an important role in increased morbidity and mortality, is surgical wound infection. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence rate and risk factors of surgical wound infection in general surgery patients. This cross‐sectional study was performed on 506 patients undergoing general surgery at Razi hospital in Rasht from 2019 to 2020. Bacterial isolates, antibiotic susceptibility pattern, antibiotic administration, and its type, operation duration and shift, the urgency of surgery, people involved in changing dressings, length of hospitalisation, and levels of haemoglobin, albumin, and white blood cells after surgery were assessed. The frequency of surgical wound infection and its association with patient characteristics and laboratory results were evaluated. The SPSS software package (version 16.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used to analyse the data. Quantitative and qualitative variables were presented using mean (standard deviation) and number (percentage). The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to evaluate the normality of the data in this study. The data did not have a normal distribution. Hence, χ2 and Fisher's exact tests were used to evaluate the relationship between variables. Surgical wound infection occurred in 4.7% (24 cases) of patients with a mean age of 59.34 (SD = 14.61) years. Preoperative (>3 days) and postoperative (>7 days) hospitalisation, history of immunodeficiency (P < 0.001), and interns responsible for changing dressings (P = 0.021) were associated with surgical wound infection incidence. About 9.5% and 4.4% of surgical wound infection cases were significantly associated with pre‐ and postoperative antibiotic use. Gram‐positive cocci were the most prevalent strains isolated from 24 surgical wound infection cases (15/24, 62.5%). Among these, Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant species, followed by coagulase‐negative staphylococci. In addition, the most common Gram‐negative isolates identified were Escherichia coli bacteria. Overall, administration of antibiotics, emergency surgery, surgery duration, and levels of white blood cells and creatinine were identified as surgical wound infection‐associated risk factors. Identifying important risk factors could help control or prevent surgical wound infections.
Bioinformatics analysis and verification of m6A related genes based on the construction of keloid diagnostic model
Authors: Yang Ronghua , Wang Xiaoxiang , Zheng Wenlian , Chen Wentao , Gan Wenjun , Qin Xinchi , Huang Jie , Chen Xiaodong , Zhou Sitong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractKeloids are formed due to abnormal hyperplasia of the skin connective tissue. We explored the relationship between N6‐methyladenosine (m6A)‐related genes and keloids. The transcriptomic datasets (GSE44270 and GSE185309) of keloid and normal skin tissues samples were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. We constructed the m6A landscape and verified the corresponding genes using immunohistochemistry. We extracted hub genes for unsupervised clustering analysis using protein–protein interaction (PPI) network; gene ontology enrichment analysis was performed to determine the biological processes or functions affected by the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We performed immune infiltration analysis to determine the relationship between keloids and the immune microenvironment using single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis and CIBERSORT. Differential expression of several m6A genes was observed between the two groups; insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) was significantly upregulated in keloid patients. PPI analysis elucidated six genes with significant differences between the two keloid sample groups. Enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in cell division, proliferation, and metabolism. Moreover, significant differences in immunity‐related pathways were observed. Therefore, the results of this study will provide a reference for the elucidation of the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of keloids.
Low‐temperature reactive hot‐pressing of Ta0.2Hf0.8C–SiC ceramics at 1700°C
Authors: Qin Yanyan , Ni Dewei , Chen Bowen , Lu Jun , Cai Feiyan , Zou Xuegang , Gao Le , Zhang Xiangyu , Ding Yusheng , Dong Shaoming 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTemperature above 2000°C and additional pressure is generally required to achieve the full densification of TaxHf1−xC‐based ceramics. This work proposed a novel method to fabricate dense Ta0.2Hf0.8C ceramics at relatively low temperature. Using a small amount of Si as a sintering aid, Ta0.2Hf0.8C was densified at 1700°C by reactive hot‐pressing (RHP), with SiC formed in situ. Microstructure evolution mechanisms of the ceramics during RHP were investigated. The effect of silicon content on the densification and mechanical properties of the ceramics was revealed. It is indicated that the apparent porosity of the Ta0.2Hf0.8C–SiC ceramics was as low as 0.5%, whereas bending strength and fracture toughness of the ceramics were as high as ∼637 MPa and 6.7 MPa m1/2, respectively, when the silicon content was 8 wt.%. This work provides a new idea for the low‐temperature densification of TaxHf1−xC and other ultrahigh temperature ceramics with high performance.
Licensing standard‐essential patents with costly enforcement
Authors: Bourreau Marc , Ferraz Rafael C. de M. , Ménière Yann 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe study the interaction between the holder of a standard‐essential patent (SEP) and two downstream firms using the patented technology to design standard‐compliant products. The SEP holder approaches the downstream firms simultaneously in the shadow of patent litigation and is subject to fair, reasonable, and non‐discriminatory licensing requirements. We show that the patent holder faces a litigation credibility constraint and a license acceptability constraint when setting its licensing terms. For patents of intermediate strength, there is no royalty that allows the patent holder to reconcile these constraints. Consequently, it cannot license its technology and must go to court against infringers. We show that the availability of an injunction improves the patent holder's ability to license its technology, but it tends to inflate the royalty rate for implementers.