bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do patients prefer face-to-face or telephone consultations in an outpatient cardiology department?
Authors: Goode C , Manorekang R , Durham N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Introduction
There has been a significant rise in the telephone clinic consultations in preference to face-to-face (FTF) clinics in the UK during the COVID 19 pandemic. The cardiology department in a district general hospital has also seen increased use of telephone clinics. We wanted a greater understanding of the impact of telephone consultations on patient satisfaction.

Methods
A patient satisfaction survey was designed based on the joint Royal College of Physicians training board (JRCPTB) patient satisfaction survey. The survey (Image 1) was sent via post to 300 patients reviewed by the cardiology outpatient department during November 2021. 150 who had telephone appointments and to 150 patients who had FTF appointments. Descriptive statistics and student T test were used to compare differences between the two groups with a p value of &lt;0.05.

Results
There were 171 responses returned over a four-week period giving a 57% response rate. Of these, 75 respondents had a telephone appointment and 96 who had FTF appointments. 49% of the FTF patients were male compared to 55% of the telephone clinic respondents. The majority of patients were aged 70–89 in both groups and most patients were retired (79.2% for FTF and 65.3% on the telephone consultation group).
More patients felt the doctor was polite and considerate in FTF clinics compared to telephone consultation (97% compared to 92% positive responses, p value – 0.02). There was no significant difference in patients feeling listened too, being allowed time to ask questions, understanding their condition and being involved in decision making between the two groups (Table 1).
Of the FTF group, 81% preferred FTF clinics with only 3% preferring telephone clinics and 16% with no preference. Of the telephone group 53% stated a preference for FTF clinics, with 11% having a preference for phone clinics and 36% having no preference.
Patients rated overall experience more positively with FTF appointments (95%) compared to telephone clinics (85%, p value 0.02).

Conclusion
Telephone consultations performed at a comparable level to FTF clinics although patients demonstrate an overall preference for FTF clinics.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
Living Alone and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Japanese: Do Urbanization and Time Period Matter?
Authors: Kobayashi Erika , Harada Ken , Okamoto Shohei , Liang Jersey 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesPrevious research has suggested cross-national differences in the association between living alone and well-being among older adults. This study examined whether the association varied across social contexts within the country, Japan, in terms of varying degree of urbanization and differential time periods.MethodsData were obtained from a nine-wave nationwide longitudinal survey with a probability sample of Japanese adults aged 60 years and over. Respondents belonged to one of the three periods (around 1990, 2000, and 2015) according to the year they commenced participation. As many as 4,655 individuals from 575 municipalities provided 9,016 observation sets of two consecutive waves (t − 1 and t). Within a framework of the Hierarchical Generalized Linear Model, depressive symptoms at t were predicted based on changes in living arrangements from t − 1 to t and their cross-level interactions with gender, level of urbanization, and time period, controlling for various covariates at t − 1.ResultsIn general, older adults living alone continuously as well as those who started living alone between the waves showed more depressive symptoms than those coresiding with someone continuously. However, this tendency was more prominent among rural residents than their urban counterparts, especially for men. Moreover, the effect of continuously living alone on depressive symptoms became smaller in Period 2015 than that in Period 1990, because of the increase in depressiveness in coresident older adults.DiscussionOur findings indicate that living alone has a differential effect on older adults’ well-being depending on the social context where residents’ preferences for living arrangements and availability of formal services could vary.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Moderates the Age-Related Association Between Executive Functioning and Mobility: Evidence From Remote Assessments
Authors: Dupuy Emma Gabrielle , Besnier Florent , Gagnon Christine , Breton Juliana , Vincent Thomas , Grégoire Catherine-Alexandra , Lecchino Catia , Payer Marie , Bérubé Béatrice , Olmand Miloudza , Levesque Marianne , Bouabdallaoui Nadia , Iglesies-Grau Josep , Juneau Martin , Vitali Paolo , Gayda Mathieu , Nigam Anil , Bherer Louis 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
In older adults, executive functions are important for daily-life function and mobility. Evidence suggests that the relationship between cognition and mobility is dynamic and could vary according to individual factors, but whether cardiorespiratory fitness reduces the age-related increase of interdependence between mobility and cognition remains unexplored.

Research Design and Methods
One hundred eighty-nine participants (aged 50–87) were divided into 3 groups according to their age: middle-aged (MA; &lt;65), young older adults (YOA; 65–74), and old older adults (OOA; ≥75). Participants performed Timed Up and Go and executive functioning assessments (Oral Trail Making Test and Phonologic verbal fluency) remotely by videoconference. Participants completed the Matthews questionnaire to estimate their cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 max in ml/min/kg). A 3-way moderation was used to address whether cardiorespiratory fitness interacts with age to moderate the relationship between cognition and mobility.

Results
Results showed that the cardiorespiratory fitness × age interaction moderated the association between executive functioning and mobility (β = −0.05; p = .048; R2 = 17.6; p &lt; .001). At lower levels of physical fitness (&lt;19.16 ml/min/kg), executive functioning significantly influenced YOA’s mobility (β = −0.48, p = .004) and to a greater extent OOA’s mobility (β = −0.96, p = .002).

Discussion and Implications
Our results support the idea of a dynamic relationship between mobility and executive functioning during aging and suggest that physical fitness could play a significant role in reducing their interdependency.
Moho depth variation and shear wave velocity structure in northern Algeria from joint inversion of P-wave receiver functions and Rayleigh wave dispersion data
Authors: Melouk Billel , Yelles-Chaouche Abdelkrim , Semmane Fethi , Galiana-Merino Juan Jose 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARY
In this work, the Moho depth and the velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath broad-band seismic stations of the Algerian broad-band seismic network are investigated. Teleseismic P-wave receiver functions jointly inverted with Rayleigh wave dispersion curves obtained from local earthquakes have been used. The seismic stations are located in different geological settings including the Tell Atlas, High Plateaus and the Saharan Atlas. The crustal thickness and the Vp/Vs ratio are first derived by the H–κ stacking method of receiver functions. The inversion results show the variation in Moho depth in the different geological contexts. The shallowest depths of the Moho (∼20–30 km) are estimated along the Algerian continental margin and Tell Atlas. In the High Plateaus region, the Moho depths vary from 30–36 km, whereas the deepest Moho depths are found in the Saharan Atlas (36–44 km). Two-layer crust is observed in the whole study area. In the upper crust, ∼8–14 km thick, the average shear wave velocity is ∼3.0 km s−1. The lower crust of about 12–30 km thick has an average shear wave velocity that ranges between 3.4 and 3.8 km s−1. The lower crust is thicker than the upper crust particularly in the Saharan Atlas. The upper mantle shear wave velocity varies from 4.1 to 4.5 km s−1 maximum and is stable, generally, below ∼60 km depth. Two low-velocity zones are clearly observed particularly in the eastern part of the Tell Atlas and the High Plateaus. The first one about 10 km thick is in the lower part of the lower crust and the other one is in the upper mantle between 40 and 60 km depth. The obtained results are in accordance with the previous results found in the region, particularly those using land gravity and seismic data. As the first estimate of the Moho depth from earthquake data in northern Algeria, using the receiver function method, this study sheds new light on the crustal structure and the Moho depth in this region of the world.
Night shift work and risk of aggressive prostate cancer in the Norwegian Offshore Petroleum Workers (NOPW) cohort
Authors: Berge Leon A M , Liu Fei-Chih , Grimsrud Tom K , Babigumira Ronnie , Støer Nathalie C , Kjærheim Kristina , Robsahm Trude E , Ghiasvand Reza , Hosgood H Dean , Samuelsen Sven Ove , Silverman Debra T , Friesen Melissa C , Shala Nita K , Veierød Marit B , Stenehjem Jo S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Night shift work may acutely disrupt the circadian rhythm, with possible carcinogenic effects. Prostate cancer has few established risk factors though night shift work, a probable human carcinogen, may increase the risk. We aimed to study the association between night shift work and chlorinated degreasing agents (CDAs) as possible endocrine disrupters in relation to aggressive prostate cancer as verified malignancies.

Methods
We conducted a case-cohort study on 299 aggressive prostate cancer cases and 2056 randomly drawn non-cases in the Norwegian Offshore Petroleum Workers cohort (1965–98) with linkage to the Cancer Registry of Norway (1953–2019). Work history was recorded as years with day, night, and rollover (rotating) shift work, and CDA exposure was assessed with expert-made job-exposure matrices. Weighted Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for aggressive prostate cancer, adjusted for education and year of first employment, stratified by 10-year birth cohorts, and with 10, 15, and 20 years of exposure lag periods.

Results
Compared with day work only, an increased hazard of aggressive prostate cancer (HR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.18–2.91; P-trend = 0.046) was found in workers exposed to ≥19.5 years of rollover shift work. This persisted with longer lag periods (HR = 1.90, 95% CI 0.92–3.95; P-trend = 0.007). The exposure-hazard curve for a non-linear model increased linearly (HRs ≥1.00) for 18–26 years of rollover shift work. No association was found with CDA exposure.

Conclusions
Long-term exposure to rollover shift work may increase the hazard of aggressive prostate cancer in offshore petroleum workers.
Harm, Relationality and More-than-Human Worlds: Developing the Field of Transitional Justice in New Posthumanist Directions
Authors: Clark Janine Natalya 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT∞
Consistent with its liberal origins, the field of transitional justice is overwhelmingly concerned with harms done to human victims. Posthumanism, however, challenges the framing of humans as bounded and autonomous individuals, emphasizing that all of us are entangled within wider relational assemblages that reflect the deep interconnections between human and more-than-human worlds. The core aim of this interdisciplinary article is to demonstrate what posthumanism can potentially contribute to transitional justice in the sense of pluralizing how we think, ontologically and epistemologically, about it – and in particular about the concepts of harm and, relatedly, agency. In discussing how posthumanist ideas and concerns might be practically incorporated into the field, the article explores the utility of two key concepts – social-ecological systems and visceral geography.
Population-Level Relative Effectiveness of the COVID-19 Vaccines and the Contribution of Naturally Acquired Immunity
Authors: Shioda Kayoko , Chen Yangping , Collins Matthew H , Lopman Benjamin A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Immune protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can be induced by natural infection or vaccination or both. Interaction between vaccine-induced immunity and naturally acquired immunity at the population level has been understudied.

Methods
We used regression models to evaluate whether the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines differed across states with different levels of naturally acquired immunity from March 2021 to April 2022 in the United States. Analysis was conducted for 3 evaluation periods separately (Alpha, Delta, and Omicron waves). As a proxy for the proportion of the population with naturally acquired immunity, we used either the reported seroprevalence or the estimated proportion of the population ever infected in each state.

Results
COVID-19 mortality decreased as coverage of ≥1 dose increased among people ≥65 years of age, and this effect did not vary by seroprevalence or proportion of the total population ever infected. Seroprevalence and proportion ever infected were not associated with COVID-19 mortality, after controlling for vaccine coverage. These findings were consistent in all evaluation periods.

Conclusions
COVID-19 vaccination was associated with a sustained reduction in mortality at state level during the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron periods. The effect did not vary by naturally acquired immunity.
Antibody Avidity Maturation Following Recovery From Infection or the Booster Vaccination Grants Breadth of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Capacity
Authors: Nakagama Yu , Candray Katherine , Kaku Natsuko , Komase Yuko , Rodriguez-Funes Maria-Virginia , Dominguez Rhina , Tsuchida Tomoya , Kunishima Hiroyuki , Nagai Etsuko , Adachi Eisuke , Ngoyi Dieudonné Mumba , Yamasue Mari , Komiya Kosaku , Hiramatsu Kazufumi , Uemura Naoto , Sugiura Yuki , Yasugi Mayo , Yamagishi Yuka , Mikamo Hiroshige , Shiraishi Satoshi , Izumo Takehiro , Nakagama Sachie , Watanabe Chihiro , Nitahara Yuko , Tshibangu-Kabamba Evariste , Kakeya Hiroshi , Kido Yasutoshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundCross-neutralizing capacity of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants is important in mitigating (re-)exposures. Role of antibody maturation, the process whereby selection of higher affinity antibodies augments host immunity, to determine SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing capacity was investigated.MethodsSera from SARS-CoV-2 convalescents at 2, 6, or 10 months postrecovery, and BNT162b2 vaccine recipients at 3 or 25 weeks postvaccination, were analyzed. Anti-spike IgG avidity was measured in urea-treated ELISAs. Neutralizing capacity was assessed by surrogate neutralization assays. Fold change between variant and wild-type neutralization inferred the breadth of neutralizing capacity.ResultsCompared with early-convalescent, avidity indices of late-convalescent sera were significantly higher (median, 37.7 [interquartile range 28.4–45.1] vs 64.9 [57.5–71.5], P &lt; .0001). Urea-resistant, high-avidity IgG best predicted neutralizing capacity (Spearman r = 0.49 vs 0.67 [wild-type]; 0.18–0.52 vs 0.48–0.83 [variants]). Higher-avidity convalescent sera better cross-neutralized SARS-CoV-2 variants (P &lt; .001 [Alpha]; P &lt; .01 [Delta and Omicron]). Vaccinees only experienced meaningful avidity maturation following the booster dose, exhibiting rather limited cross-neutralizing capacity at week 25.ConclusionsAvidity maturation was progressive beyond acute recovery from infection, or became apparent after the booster vaccine dose, granting broader anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing capacity. Understanding the maturation kinetics of the 2 building blocks of anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity is crucial.
OpenSep: a generalizable open source pipeline for SOFA score calculation and Sepsis-3 classification
Authors: Hofford Mackenzie R , Yu Sean C , Johnson Alistair E W , Lai Albert M , Payne Philip R O , Michelson Andrew P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
EHR-based sepsis research often uses heterogeneous definitions of sepsis leading to poor generalizability and difficulty in comparing studies to each other. We have developed OpenSep, an open-source pipeline for sepsis phenotyping according to the Sepsis-3 definition, as well as determination of time of sepsis onset and SOFA scores. The Minimal Sepsis Data Model was developed alongside the pipeline to enable the execution of the pipeline to diverse sources of electronic health record data. The pipeline’s accuracy was validated by applying it to the MIMIC-IV version 1.0 data and comparing sepsis onset and SOFA scores to those produced by the pipeline developed by the curators of MIMIC. We demonstrated high reliability between both the sepsis onsets and SOFA scores, however the use of the Minimal Sepsis Data model developed for this work allows our pipeline to be applied to more broadly to data sources beyond MIMIC.
Lower Limb Necrosis Secondary to Purpura Fulminans: A Case Report
Authors: Lin Chuangqiang , Li Dongxin , Hu Bei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpura fulminans is a rare and rapidly progressive septic process characterized by the development of hemorrhagic and ecchymotic lesions and skin necrosis. In this work, we report a case of a 52-year-old woman admitted to the Department of Emergency due to progressive purpura. The physical examination demonstrated a decreased skin temperature, unpalpable dorsalis pedis arteries, and ecchymoses covering both lower extremities. Laboratory tests indicated disseminated intravascular coagulation with prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), low prothrombin time (PT), elevated d-dimer levels, and a low platelet count. A diagnosis of purpura fulminans was made, and steroids, therapeutic plasma exchange and empiric therapy, including antibiotic and anticoagulation therapy, were initiated immediately. Our treatment resulted in a good and sustained clinical response, as evidenced by the receding of blood blisters and the normalization of the patient’s coagulation factors, but bilateral below-knee amputation was inevitable. Finally, the patient recovered well and was discharged home without any complications other than amputation.
Medicine and History: a Surgical Model for National Integration
Authors: Barr Justin , Pappas Theodore N , Kennedy Meghan , Nakayama Don K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Historians and physicians have struggled to incorporate history into American medical education for over a century. Most efforts focus on local initiatives targeting a narrow audience. We describe a novel method involving the American College of Surgeons, a national organization with tens of thousands of members. Capitalizing on its infrastructure and influence over the field, we have implemented a variety of ventures that include panel sessions at meetings, poster competitions, travel grants, themed breakfasts, online communities, and other such projects. This programming has reached thousands of participants, ranging from pre-medical students to retired physicians, and it has increased both the exposure to and production of surgical history. Our article describes the process of establishing this nationally coordinated enterprise in the hopes that other medical specialties can emulate it and further the study of and appreciation for medical history.
Methyl Jasmonate-Treated Pepper (Capsicum annuumL.) Depresses Performance and Alters Activities of Protective, Detoxification and Digestive Enzymes of Green Peach Aphid [Myzus persicae(Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)]
Authors: Zhan Xue , Liu Ying , Liang Xiao , Wu Chunling , Liu Xiaoqiang , Shui Jun , Zhang Yao , Wang Ying , Chen Qing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMethyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a phytohormone that has been used to artificially induce plant resistance against multiple arthropod herbivores. However, it is still uncertain whether MeJA can trigger pepper plant resistance against Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (green peach aphid, GPA). In this study, we assessed the effects of different concentrations (0, 0.008, 0.04, 0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 mM) of MeJA-treated pepper on the development and reproduction performance of GPA to identify an appropriate concentration for vigorous resistance enhancement. MeJA dose was applied on the pepper to investigate the changes in activities of protective enzyme (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; peroxidase, POD and polyphenol oxidase, PPO), detoxification enzymes (acetylcholinesterase, AchE; glutathione S-transferase, GSTs; cytocrome P450, CYP450, and carboxylesterase, CarE), and digestive enzymes (protease, PRO and amylase, AMY) in GPA. The results showed that all concentrations of MeJA-treated pepper significantly suppressed GPA performance, wherein 0.2 mM was the optimal concentration, as it presented the lowest intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ), and the highest population doubling time (Dt) values. Furthermore, the protective enzymes (SOD and CAT), detoxification enzymes (GSTs, CYP450, and CarE), and AMY activities increased significantly in MeJA-treated groups than the control group, while the POD and PPO activities were remarkly inhibited under 0.2 mM treatment. These findings indicate that exogenous spraying of 0.2 mM of MeJA significantly enhanced pepper resistance against GPA. The result of this study suggests MeJA application can be used as a promising strategy in integrative management of this insect pest.
Lethal Effects of Imergard WP, a Perlite-based Dust, onAmblyomma americanum(Ixodida: Ixodidae) Larvae and Nymphs
Authors: Showler Allan T , Harlien Jessica L 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs resistance in economically and medically important ixodids (hard ticks, Ixodida: Ixodidae) to conventional synthetic toxin-based acaricides has become increasingly widespread, research efforts to identify alternative control tactics have intensified. Laboratory bioassays on the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.), as a model for other ixodid species, were conducted to assess the efficiency of Imergard WP perlite-based dust versus CimeXa, a silica gel-based insecticidal product that is highly effective against ixodid larvae and nymphs. Each of the two inert desiccant dusts immobilized A. americanum larvae and nymphs within 4–6 h, and killed 100% of the ixodids by 24 h after contact by brief immersion in dry dusts, and after they crawled ≈7.3 cm across a filter paper disc treated with the dusts. Contact by crawling on a dried aqueous film of the dusts, however, did not immobilize and kill the ixodids by 24 h. Similar to silica gel-based desiccant dust, dry perlite-based Imergard WP dust might prophylactically protect cattle and other animals from medically and agriculturally important ixodid pests. Perlite can potentially be stored indefinitely, it can retain its lethal properties for as long as adequate amounts remain on a substrate, and it might be acceptable for limited application in environmentally sensitive habitats.