bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of childhood trauma on aggressive behaviors and hippocampal function: the modulation of COMT haplotypes
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhu Linfei , Zheng Wenyu , Peng Hanyuzhu , Wang Jiaojian , Cui Yue , Liu Bing , Jiang Tianzi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Aggression is a commonly hostile behavior linked to the hippocampal activity. Childhood trauma (CT) exposure has been associated with altered sensitization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and hippocampal volume，which could increase violent aggressive behaviors. Additionally, Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), the major dopamine metabolism enzyme, is implicated in stress responsivity, including aggression. Hence, CT exposure may affect aggression through the effect on the hippocampal function, which might also be modulated by the COMT variations.

Objectives
This study examined whether both CT and haplotypes of COMT moderate hippocampal function and thus affect human aggressive behavior.

Methods
We obtained bilateral hippocampal functional connectivity maps using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. COMT haplotype estimation was performed using Haploview 4.2 and PHASE 2.1. Then we constructed a moderated mediation model to study the effect of the CTQ × COMT on aggressive behavior.

Results
Three major haplotypes were generated from thirteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the COMT gene and formed three haplotypes corresponding to high, medium, and low enzymatic activity of COMT. The results showed interactive relationships between the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and COMT with respect to the functional connectivity (FC) of the bilateral hippocampus (HIP)-orbital frontal cortex (OFC). Specifically, CT experience predicted lower negative HIP-OFC coupling in the APS and HPS haplotypes corresponding to the medium and high enzymatic activity of COMT, but greater FC in the LPS haplotypes corresponding to the low enzymatic activity. We also observed a conditional mediation effect of the right HIP-OFC coupling in the link between COMT and aggressive behavior that was moderated by CT experience.

Conclusions
These results suggest that CT and COMT have a combined effect on aggressive behavior through hippocampal function. This mediation analysis sheds light on the influence of childhood experience on aggressive behavior in different genetic backgrounds.
Majorana quasiparticles emergent in Kitaev spin liquid
Authors: Nasu Joji 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper reviews the nature of two quasiparticles, the Majorana fermion and vison, emergent in the Kitaev model, mainly from the theoretical point of view. We demonstrate how the fractionalization of a quantum spin into these two quasiparticles occurs and clarify their properties in the presence and absence of magnetic fields. In addition to discussions on the itinerant nature inherent to Majorana fermions, the quantum dynamics of visons induced by an applied magnetic field is revealed. Fractional quasiparticles manifest themselves in temperature evolutions of thermodynamic quantities, excitation spectra, and transport properties. The formulations for them and calculation results are shown in detail. Based on the results, we present how the signatures of fractional quasiparticles appear in physical quantities. The paper also mentions the recent developments of the experimental and theoretical works of Kitaev-related systems and presents outlooks of studies on these systems.
Personalized anomaly detection using deep active learning
Authors: Sadr Alireza Vafaei , Bassett Bruce A , Sekyi Emmanuel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Anomaly detection algorithms are typically applied to static, unchanging, data features hand-crafted by the user. But how does a user systematically craft good features for anomalies that have never been seen? Here we couple deep learning with active learning – in which an Oracle iteratively labels small amounts of data selected algorithmically over a series of rounds – to automatically and dynamically improve the data features for efficient outlier detection. This approach, Anomaly Hunt (ahunt), shows excellent performance on MNIST, CIFAR10, and Galaxy-DECaLS data, significantly outperforming both standard anomaly detection and active learning algorithms with static feature spaces. Beyond improved performance, ahunt also allows the number of anomaly classes to grow organically in response to the Oracle’s evaluations. Extensive ablation studies explore the impact of Oracle question selection strategy and loss function on performance. We illustrate how the dynamic anomaly class taxonomy represents another step towards fully personalized rankings of different anomaly classes that reflect a user’s interests, allowing the algorithm to learn to ignore statistically significant but uninteresting outliers (e.g. noise). This should prove useful in the era of massive astronomical data sets serving diverse sets of users who can only review a tiny subset of the incoming data.
Defining the physician global assessment threshold equivalent to remission in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Mucke Johanna , Düsing Christina , Filla Tim , Chehab Gamal , Schneider Matthias 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The optimal threshold of the physician global assessment (PGA) for remission in SLE has never been evaluated systematically. The aim of this study was to assess the ideal PGA threshold associated with physician remission and to investigate its impact on remission rates in our lupus cohort.

Methods
In this monocentric cross-sectional study, patients with SLE were evaluated for physician remission by asking the treating physicians whether they considered their patient to be in remission, regardless of objective remission criteria. Furthermore, two objective remission definitions were applied: (i) DORIS (Definition Of Remission In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) remission using a PGA of &lt;2 (0–10) (corresponding to &lt;0.5 on a visual analogue scale 0–3 used in DORIS); and (ii) DORIS remission with omission of PGA (modDORIS). A receiver operating characteristic analysis and regression analyses were performed to assess the ideal PGA threshold and factors influencing PGA.

Results
Of the 233 patients included, 126 patients (54.0%) were in physician remission, 42.5% in DORIS remission and 67.0% in modDORIS remission. A PGA of &lt;2 [numeric rating scale (NRS) 0–10] had the highest sensitivity (79%) and specificity (81%) for physician remission and modDORIS (area under the curve 0.85 and 0.69). PGA of patients fulfilling any of the remission definitions was associated with pain and hypocomplementemia. Damage was numerically higher in patients in modDORIS only; no association between PGA and damage was found in regression analysis.

Conclusion
Using a PGA threshold of &lt;2 (0–10), corresponding to &lt;0.6 (0–3), resulted in best prediction of physician remission. PGA levels seem to be influenced by pain and complement levels but not disease damage.
Impact of Clinical Pharmacy Surveillance on Pharmacy Services: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Kramer Joan S. , Borum Cynthia , Claxon Evan L. , Wines Kahari J. , Fraker Sarah , Burgess L. Hayley 
Published: September 2023

Goal:
The purpose of this quality improvement project was to retrospectively evaluate pharmacist time to clinical surveillance alert intervention before and after implementing a pharmacy-directed alert priority category across a large for-profit United States health system with well-established clinical pharmacy surveillance software integrated into the clinical pharmacy workflow. The findings contributed to a financial evaluation of pharmacist productivity compared with drug spend for pharmacy-directed interventions that included intravenous (IV)-to-oral-conversion and renal dosing opportunities.

Methods:
A retrospective quality improvement pre-/postanalysis of deidentified, prepopulated clinical surveillance alert data for the preimplementation period of January 1, 2021, through September 30, 2021, was compared with that for the postimplementation period of November 1, 2021, to January 31, 2022, for 169 hospitals. Clinical pharmacist workflow was mapped pre- and postimplementation. The average time to alert intervention was calculated using the mean time in minutes between the alert firing within the software and when the pharmacist reviewed the alert, grouped by hospital, alert status, and priority category. Medications converted from IV to oral were assessed using the clinical surveillance software IV-to-oral calculator. Postimplementation renal dose cost savings were modeled using pharmacist-completed alerts by rule name that indicated a possible dose decrease based on the patient's renal function and current medication.

Principal Findings:
Time to alert intervention for all completed pharmacist interventions was reduced for high-priority alerts by 32.6 min (p < .001) and routine-priority alerts by 65.1 min (p = .147). Alerts that moved to the pharmacy-directed alert priority category resulted in a reduced time to alert intervention of 38.7 min (p = .003). Normalized average wholesale price (AWP) cost savings from IV-to-oral conversion within 3 days of conversion eligibility were $1,693,600 in the preimplementation period and $1,867,400 in the postimplementation period, a $173,700 increase in cost savings. A total of 7,972 completed postimplementation renal dose adjustments resulted in a modeled AWP normalized cost savings of $1,076,700.

Practical Applications:
Results indicated that optimizing clinical surveillance software alerts was effective and increased pharmacist productivity. Specifically, creating a pharmacy-directed alert category that pharmacists were able to complete by hospital policy or protocol improved workflow efficiency and increased IV-to-oral medication conversion cost savings. Further study is needed to validate the renal dose–modeled cost savings and address the financial benefits of quality measures to prevent acute kidney injury.
Bibliometric analysis and visualization of research trends in total mesorectal excision in the past twenty years
Authors: Pan Yun , Deng Xianyu , Chen Xin , Lin Moubin 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Rectal cancer leads a major disease burden worldwide. Total mesorectal excision (TME) is the standard treatment for locally advanced or node-positive rectal cancer, while attempts to improve the surgery such as laparoscopic and transanal TME are widely used but have their inherent limitations. This bibliometric study analyzed research trends, cooperation and knowledge dissemination on TME over the past 20 years to inform future directions.

Methods:
Relevant literature from 2003-2023 was extracted from Web of Science Core Collection and analyzed with VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and R for publication patterns, countries, institutions, authors, and research hotspots.

Results:
5,345 related publications were included, with rising annual output and citations. The US and China contributed the most studies, while the Netherlands had greater influence. Leiden University ranked first in publications. Top authors were Heald, Kapiteijn, Sauer, Nagtegaal, and Peeters. Researches shifted from cancer-focused to patient-centered care and from radiotherapy/chemotherapy to advanced surgery. Multicenter trials became more common.

Conclusion:
Although the United States and China have the largest number of publications, it should be noted that the influence of these two countries in the field of TME research is not the highest, which does not match the number of publications. In addition, telemedicine, interdisciplinary, medical-industrial integration, etc. may be potential directions for future research in the field of TME.
Long-term outcomes of mitral valve replacement in dialysis patients: evidence from a nationwide database
Authors: Yang Kelvin J. , Fu Hsun-Yi , Chang Chia-Jui , Wang Ting-Chuan , Wang Chih-Hsien , Chou Nai-Kuan , Wu I-Hui , Hsu Ron-Bin , Huang Shu-Chien , Yu Hsi-Yu , Chen Yih-Sharng , Chi Nai-Hsin 
Published: September 2023

Background:
To compare the late outcomes between mechanical and bioprostheses after isolated mitral valve replacement (MVR) in dialysis-dependent patients.

Methods:
A nationwide propensity-matched retrospective cohort study was conducted involving dialysis patients who underwent primary mitral replacement between 2001 and 2018. Ten-year postoperative outcomes were compared between mitral bioprosthesis and mechanical prosthesis using the Cox proportional hazard model and restricted mean survival time (RMST).

Results:
The all-cause mortality was 20.8 and 13.0 events per 100 person-years, with a 10-year RMST of 7.40 and 7.31 years for bioprosthesis and mechanical prosthesis, respectively. Major bleeding was the most common adverse event for both bioprosthesis and mechanical prosthesis, with an incidence rate of 19.5 and 19.1 events per 100 person-years, respectively. The incidence of valve reoperation was higher among those who received bioprosthesis (0.55 events per 100 person-years). After 1:1 matching, the all-cause mortality was 15.45 and 14.54 events per 100 person-years for bioprosthesis and mechanical prosthesis, respectively. The RMST at 10 years was comparable between the two groups after matching (5.10 years for bioprosthesis vs. 4.59 years for mechanical prosthesis), with an RMST difference of −0.03. Further, no difference was observed in the incidence of major adverse valve-related events between bioprosthesis and mechanical valves. However, bioprosthesis was associated with a higher incidence of mitral valve reoperation among all major adverse events (RMST difference −0.24 years, 95% CI −0.48 to −0.01, P=0.047).

Conclusions:
This study found no association between valve selection and long-term survival outcomes in dialysis patients after MVR. However, bioprosthetic valves may be associated with a slightly higher incidence of reoperation, while other valve-related adverse events, including major bleeding and stroke, were comparable between the two types of prostheses.
Optimal tentative abdominal closure for open abdomen: a multicenter retrospective observational study (OPTITAC study)
Authors: Yamamoto Ryo , Kuramoto Shunsuke , Shimizu Masayuki , Shinozaki Hiroharu , Miyake Tasuku , Sadakari Yoshihiko , Sekine Kazuhiko , Kaneko Yasushi , Kurosaki Ryo , Koizumi Kiyoshi , Shibusawa Takayuki , Sakurai Yoshihiko , Wakahara Sota , Sasaki Junichi ,   for the OPTITAC study group
Published: September 2023

Background:
Primary fascia closure is often difficult following an open abdomen (OA). While negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is recommended to enhance successful primary fascia closure, the optimal methods and degree of negative pressure remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate optimal methods of NPWT as a tentative abdominal closure for OA to achieve primary abdominal fascia closure.

Materials and Methods:
A multicenter, retrospective, cohort study of adults who survived OA greater than 48 h was conducted in 12 institutions between 2010 and 2022. The achievement of primary fascia closure and incidence of enteroatmospheric fistula were examined based on methods (homemade, superficial NPWT kit, or open-abdomen kit) or degrees of negative pressure (<50, 50–100, or >100 mmHg). A generalized estimating equation was used to adjust for age, BMI, comorbidities, etiology for laparotomy requiring OA, vital signs, transfusion, severity of critical illness, and institutional characteristics.

Results:
Of the 279 included patients, 252 achieved primary fascia closure. A higher degree of negative pressure (>100 mmHg) was associated with fewer primary fascia closures than less than 50 mmHg [OR, 0.18 (95% CI: 0.50–0.69), P=0.012] and with more frequent enteroatmospheric fistula [OR, 13.83 (95% CI: 2.30–82.93)]. The methods of NPWT were not associated with successful primary fascia closure. However, the use of the open-abdomen kit was related to a lower incidence of enteroatmospheric fistula [OR, 0.02 (95% CI: 0.00–0.50)].

Conclusion:
High negative pressure (>100 mmHg) should be avoided in NPWT during tentative abdominal closure for OA.
Clinical factors associated with remission of obese acanthosis nigricans after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Fu Zhibing , Zeng Jinrong , Zhu Liyong , Wang Guohui , Li Pengzhou , Li Weizheng , Song Zhi , Su Zhihong , Sun Xulong , Tang Haibo , Luo Ping , Tan Lina , Gao Lihua , Wang Dan , Yan Siyu , Zhou Lu , Tong Xiaoliao , Tang Zhen , Zhang Hanyi , Tan Wenbin , Lu Jianyun , Zhu Shaihong 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Acanthosis nigricans (AN) involves skin hyperpigmentation in body folds and creases. Obesity-associated AN (OB_AN) is the most common type of AN. The skin condition of obese patients with AN can be improved through bariatric surgery, such as laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), after weight loss. However, the contributing factors to the remission of AN after surgery are still not fully determined. The authors aimed to assess the metabolic and pathological factors associated with remission of AN following LSG in obese individuals.

Methods:
The study included 319 obese patients who underwent LSG at our hospital. The subjects were divided into obesity (OB) only (OB, n=178) or OB with AN (OB_AN, n=141) groups. The basic clinical and metabolic indices and the dermatological features via reflectance confocal microscopy and histology were collected from patients prior to and after LSG.

Results:
OB_AN patients had higher fasting plasma glucose, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, and testosterone levels than OB patients. LSG could significantly improve the biochemical and histopathological features of OB_AN patients. The remissive rate of OB_AN patients was about 86.5% (122 out of 141) after surgery. The remission of OB_AN skin lesions was positively correlated with testosterone levels (P<0.01). In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between changes in AN scores and epidermal thickness and skin pigmentation scores after surgery (P<0.01).

Conclusion:
The remissive rate of OB_AN after LSG is associated with improved testosterone levels and reduced epidermal thickness and skin pigmentation levels.
Long-term survival after major trauma: a retrospective nationwide cohort study from the National Health Insurance Research Database
Authors: Kuo Ling-Wei , Wang Yu-Hsin , Wang Chia-Cheng , Huang Yu-Tung A. , Hsu Chih-Po , Tee Yu-San , Chen Szu-An , Liao Chien-An 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Most trauma-related studies are focused on short-term survival and complications within the index admission, and the long-term outcomes beyond discharge are mainly unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze the data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) and to assess the long-term survival of major trauma patients after being discharged from the index admission.

Material and Methods:
This retrospective, observational study included all patients with major trauma (injury severity score ≥16) in Taiwan from 2003 to 2007, and a 10-year follow-up was conducted on this cohort. Patients aged 18–70 who survived the index admission were enrolled. Patients who survived less than one year after discharge (short survival, SS) and those who survived for more than one year (long survival, LS) were compared. Variables, including preexisting factors, injury types, and short-term outcomes and complications, were analyzed, and the 10-year Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was conducted.

Results:
In our study, 9896 patients were included, with 2736 in the SS group and 7160 in the LS group. Age, sex, comorbidities, low income, cardiopulmonary resuscitation event, prolonged mechanical ventilation, prolonged ICU length of stay (LOS), and prolonged hospital LOS were identified as the independent risk factors of SS. The 10-year cumulative survival for major trauma patients was 63.71%, and the most mortality (27.64%) occurred within the first year after discharge.

Conclusion:
27.64% of patients would die one year after being discharged from major trauma. Major trauma patients who survived the index admission still had significantly worse long-term survival than the general population, but the curve flattened and resembled the general population after one year.
Supragastric belching and rumination syndrome: diagnosis and management
Authors: Davidson Kate , Sibley Haley , O’Rourke Ashli K. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of review
This review article aims to discuss the clinical presentation and diagnosis of rumination syndrome and supragastric belching, as well as treatment options for both diseases.

Recent findings
Functional gastrointestinal disorders such as rumination syndrome and supragastric belching may be effectively treated using biofeedback.

Summary
A comprehensive approach that includes potential pharmacologic treatments, cognitive behavioral therapy and biofeedback should also be considered for optimal management of supragastric belching and rumination.
How Does CLEFT-Q Change the Way We Practice? A Prospective Study Integrating Patient-Reported Outcomes
Authors: Salinero Lauren K. , Cheung Liana , Villavisanis Dillan F. , Wagner Connor S. , Barrero Carlos E. , Pontell Matthew E. , Jackson Oksana A. , Taylor Jesse A. , Low David W. , Swanson Jordan W. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The CLEFT-Q is a validated instrument designed to elicit patient-reported outcomes among people affected by cleft lip and/or palate. However, it has not been reported how use of CLEFT-Q data alters routine cleft care. This study analyzed the impact of CLEFT-Q data integration on patient care and clinical decision-making.

Methods:
Patients were sequentially, prospectively evaluated during scheduled cleft team visits. The CLEFT-Q was completed before the clinic encounter, but results were initially masked from the surgeon and family. In the encounter, a study observer characterized patients’ verbalized attitudes across 7 specific domains of appearance and function, and the provisional assessment and plan was noted. CLEFT-Q data were then introduced into the clinical encounter and discussed. Discordance between patients’ initially verbalized attitudes and their self-reported scores on the CLEFT-Q was documented along with any resultant modifications to their care plan.

Results:
Seventy patient visits were observed; the mean patient age was 12.7 years (range, 8 to 19 years). Forty-one patients (59%) had cleft lip and palate/alveolus and 29 (41%) had isolated cleft palate. Discordance was observed in 36% of visits and in 9.2% of specific domains assessed. Highest discordance rates were observed in domains of psychosocial function (12.5%), speech function/distress (11.6%), and lips/lip scar appearance (11.6%). No age group or sex was associated with increased discordance. Integration of CLEFT-Q results altered the assessment and plan in 11 visits (16%).

Conclusion:
The CLEFT-Q provides clinically relevant insight into patient perspectives that are not captured by routine interview and examination alone, and regularly leads to a change in the management plan.