bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon isotope fractionation by an ancestral rubisco suggests that biological proxies for CO
2
through geologic time should be reevaluated
Authors: Wang Renée Z. , Nichols Robert J. , Liu Albert K. , Flamholz Avi I. , Artier Juliana , Banda Doug M. , Savage David F. , Eiler John M. , Shih Patrick M. , Fischer Woodward W. 
Published: May 2023

The history of Earth’s carbon cycle reflects trends in atmospheric composition convolved with the evolution of photosynthesis. Fortunately, key parts of the carbon cycle have been recorded in the carbon isotope ratios of sedimentary rocks. The dominant model used to interpret this record as a proxy for ancient atmospheric CO
2
is based on carbon isotope fractionations of modern photoautotrophs, and longstanding questions remain about how their evolution might have impacted the record. Therefore, we measured both biomass (ε
p
) and enzymatic (ε
Rubisco
) carbon isotope fractionations of a cyanobacterial strain (
Synechococcus elongatus
PCC 7942) solely expressing a putative ancestral Form 1B rubisco dating to ≫1 Ga. This strain, nicknamed ANC, grows in ambient pCO
2
and displays larger ε
p
values than WT, despite having a much smaller ε
Rubisco
(17.23 ± 0.61‰ vs. 25.18 ± 0.31‰, respectively). Surprisingly, ANC ε
p
exceeded ANC ε
Rubisco
in all conditions tested, contradicting prevailing models of cyanobacterial carbon isotope fractionation. Such models can be rectified by introducing additional isotopic fractionation associated with powered inorganic carbon uptake mechanisms present in Cyanobacteria, but this amendment hinders the ability to accurately estimate historical pCO
2
from geological data. Understanding the evolution of rubisco and the CO
2
concentrating mechanism is therefore critical for interpreting the carbon isotope record, and fluctuations in the record may reflect the evolving efficiency of carbon fixing metabolisms in addition to changes in atmospheric CO
2
.
The DedA superfamily member PetA is required for the transbilayer distribution of phosphatidylethanolamine in bacterial membranes
Authors: Roney Ian J. , Rudner David Z. 
Published: May 2023

The sorting of phospholipids between the inner and outer leaflets of the membrane bilayer is a fundamental problem in all organisms. Despite years of investigation, most of the enzymes that catalyze phospholipid reorientation in bacteria remain unknown. Studies from almost half a century ago in
Bacillus subtilis
and
Bacillus megaterium
revealed that newly synthesized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is rapidly translocated to the outer leaflet of the bilayer [Rothman & Kennedy,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
74
, 1821–1825 (1977)] but the identity of the putative PE flippase has eluded discovery. Recently, members of the DedA superfamily have been implicated in flipping the bacterial lipid carrier undecaprenyl phosphate and in scrambling eukaryotic phospholipids in vitro. Here, using the antimicrobial peptide duramycin that targets outward-facing PE, we show that
Bacillus subtilis
cells lacking the DedA paralog PetA (formerly YbfM) have increased resistance to duramycin. Sensitivity to duramycin is restored by expression of
B. subtilis
PetA or homologs from other bacteria. Analysis of duramycin-mediated killing upon induction of PE synthesis indicates that PetA is required for efficient PE transport. Finally, using fluorescently labeled duramycin we demonstrate that cells lacking PetA have reduced PE in their outer leaflet compared to wildtype. We conclude that PetA is the long-sought PE transporter. These data combined with bioinformatic analysis of other DedA paralogs argue that the primary role of DedA superfamily members is transporting distinct lipids across the membrane bilayer.
The
Chlamydia trachomatis
type III-secreted effector protein CteG induces centrosome amplification through interactions with centrin-2
Authors: Steiert Brianna , Icardi Carolina M. , Faris Robert , McCaslin Paige N. , Smith Parker , Klingelhutz Aloysius J. , Yau Peter M. , Weber Mary M. 
Published: May 2023

The centrosome is the main microtubule organizing center of the cell and is crucial for mitotic spindle assembly, chromosome segregation, and cell division. Centrosome duplication is tightly controlled, yet several pathogens, most notably oncogenic viruses, perturb this process leading to increased centrosome numbers. Infection by the obligate intracellular bacterium
Chlamydia trachomatis
(
C.t.
) correlates with blocked cytokinesis, supernumerary centrosomes, and multipolar spindles; however, the mechanisms behind how
C.t.
induces these cellular abnormalities remain largely unknown. Here we show that the secreted effector protein, CteG, binds to centrin-2 (CETN2), a key structural component of centrosomes and regulator of centriole duplication. Our data indicate that both CteG and CETN2 are necessary for infection-induced centrosome amplification, in a manner that requires the C-terminus of CteG. Strikingly, CteG is important for in vivo infection and growth in primary cervical cells but is dispensable for growth in immortalized cells, highlighting the importance of this effector protein to chlamydial infection. These findings begin to provide mechanistic insight into how
C.t.
induces cellular abnormalities during infection, but also indicate that obligate intracellular bacteria may contribute to cellular transformation events. Centrosome amplification mediated by CteG–CETN2 interactions may explain why chlamydial infection leads to an increased risk of cervical or ovarian cancer.
A dual-action antibiotic that kills
Clostridioides difficile
vegetative cells and inhibits spore germination
Authors: Janardhanan Jeshina , Kim Choon , Qian Yuanyuan , Yang Jingdong , Meisel Jayda E. , Ding Derong , Speri Enrico , Schroeder Valerie A. , Wolter William R. , Oliver Allen G. , Mobashery Shahriar , Chang Mayland 
Published: May 2023

Clostridioides difficile
infection (CDI) is the most lethal of the five CDC urgent public health treats, resulting in 12,800 annual deaths in the United States alone [
Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2019
(2019),
www.cdc.gov/DrugResistance/Biggest-Threats.html
]. The high recurrence rate and the inability of antibiotics to treat such infections mandate discovery of new therapeutics. A major challenge with CDI is the production of spores, leading to multiple recurrences of infection in 25% of patients [C. P. Kelly, J. T. LaMont,
N. Engl. J. Med.
359
, 1932–1940 (2008)], with potentially lethal consequence. Herein, we describe the discovery of an oxadiazole as a bactericidal anti-
C. difficile
agent that inhibits both cell-wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis and spore germination. We document that the oxadiazole binds to the lytic transglycosylase SleC and the pseudoprotease CspC for prevention of spore germination. SleC degrades the cortex peptidoglycan, a critical step in the initiation of spore germination. CspC senses germinants and cogerminants. Binding to SleC is with higher affinity than that to CspC. Prevention of spore germination breaks the nefarious cycles of CDI recurrence in the face of the antibiotic challenge, which is a primary cause of therapeutic failure. The oxadiazole exhibits efficacy in a mouse model of recurrent CDI and holds promise in clinical treatment of CDI.
Interpreting Covid-related memes
Authors: Yus Francisco , Maíz-Arévalo Carmen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
One of the sources of relief, entertainment and
socialisation during the Covid pandemic lockdown was the massive
exchange of memes on social media and messaging applications. The
objective of this chapter is to analyse and categorise 150
Peninsular Spanish memes collected from different interactive
channels online (mainly social media and the messaging app WhatsApp)
during the strict 2020 Covid lockdown in Spain (March-May 2020). The
sample was then analysed under “incongruity-resolution theory” and
categorized with the following research questions in mind:
(a) what inferential strategies the internet user is expected
to perform to interpret these Covid memes correctly; (b) what
role text and image play in the eventual derivation of humorous
effects from these memes; and (c) what kind of contextual
information the internet user is expected to have access to for
successful comprehension. Answering these research questions will
eventually allow for a differentiation between Covid memes and
non-Covid ones, as already intuitively felt by most users.
Political-electoral memes and interactional humour on
Twitter
Authors: Pano Alamán Ana , Rueda Ana Mancera 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents the results of a qualitative study
of a corpus of replies to humoristic memes, which were published and
viralised on Twitter during the Spanish general elections campaign
held on November 2019. Based on the General Theory of Verbal Humour
and on its adaptation to multimodal humour, this study aims at
establishing whether and how memes made up of a single image or a
combination of an image and a caption may generate humorous effects
on the imagined audience on Twitter and encourage responses that
entail continued humour. The results show that most of the memes
analysed convey recognition, understanding, appreciation, and
agreement among Twitter users, whose responses express laughter
using different multimodal affordances, or replicate the humorous
contents of the meme by producing new memes. Moreover, humour
created by these memes enables producer users and recipients to
challenge the political power, while nurturing in-group
solidarity.
From mode adoption to saluting
a dead kitten
Authors: Bischetti Luca , Attardo Salvatore 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
There has been some research in what can be broadly
described as humor performance in the reactions to humorous turns
(be they punch lines or jab lines). Two areas that have received
particular attention are (1) the reactions to irony, which have been
shown to range from mode adoption (i.e., when the respondent adopts
the ironical mode and responds with irony to the irony) to treating
the irony as a “literal” statement and reacting to it ignoring its
ironical intention; and (2) failed humor, in which the range of
reactions is much broader, from laughter to open expression of
displeasure.
Much less has been written on reactions in online
discourse and this case study of one humorous tweet by comedian
Ricky Gervais, mocking the Academy Award ceremony (the Oscars), will
be examined to examine the differences between a corpus of 200+
tweets as responses to Gervais’ original tweet, and proviso studies.
We will also consider how much the exchange can be quantified as to
its viral nature.
Communicative strategies in interactional male humour
Authors: Alvarado Ortega M. Belén 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper will present an analysis of male interactional
humour in Spanish conversation. Humour can appear in such
conversations as a strategy to show (im)politeness between
participants in the interaction. Focussing in particular on
politeness strategies, we will seek to identify the different types
of humour that arise in conversations between men. To this end, we
will draw on Brown and Levinson’s theory of politeness ([1978] 1987: 213), which
lists a number of strategies that aim to produce politeness and, at
the same time, calculates the estimated risk of losing face that
arises from an individual’s conversational behaviour. In the
analysis we will also consider Spencer-Oatey’s (2000, 2007) proposal of a set of factors that can
affect rapport management strategies. Our aim is to show that humour
as expressed between men in conversational utterances, involves
conversational strategies that are used to elicit respect for both
listener and speaker, or to save the negative and positive face of
these, according to politeness criteria. To this end, the
VALESCO.HUMOR corpus is used, which comprises 148 ironic-humorous
sequences extracted from 67 colloquial conversations.
Humour at the opening and closing phases of service encounters in
small cafeterias and bars in Seville
Authors: Padilla Cruz Manuel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In an interactive context like service encounters, humour
becomes essential because of the positive feelings that it
generates. These contribute to an amicable ambiance and tighten
bonds of union. Hence, humour greatly impacts customer satisfaction,
revisit intention and, ultimately, customer loyalty. Although
individual skills and sense of humour come into play, awareness of
the role of humour often prompts many baristas and customers to use
it in their transactions. Its various forms and functions in
distinct service encounters have already received some attention,
but its use at the opening and closing phases of these encounters
with a phatic purpose still remains an underexplored issue. This
chapter will compare data from two previous studies in order to
determine the types of humour wherewith such encounters were opened
and closed at small establishments in Seville. It aims to ascertain
how humorous tokens achieved proximity and strengthened social
relationships, and to elucidate whether their use to create phatic
communion was affected by factors like the interlocutors’ age and
the time segment when the encounters took place.
Induced mutation on Indonesian black orchid (Coelogyne pandurata Lindley) in-vitro culture by gamma irradiation
Authors: Widiarsih S , Dwimahyani I 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The black orchid (Coelogyne pandurata Lindley) is one of the native Indonesian orchid species. In its natural habitat, its existence is threatened by continuous forest exploitation. Coveted in the global market for hybridization purposes, the black orchid is still considered difficult to be grown in cultivation and may take years to flower. Its conservation and breeding may be carried out through a combination of tissue culture and mutagen application, as induced mutation may increase genetic variation. This experiment aims to investigate the effects of different levels of gamma irradiation on black orchid plantlets. The research design used is a complete random design, utilizing six levels of gamma irradiation (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 Gy). The observation was carried out for survival rate, number of leaves, number of roots, number of shoots, leaf color, and plantlet type. Plantlets of 10 Gy have the best survival rate and the number of new shoots, but the only number of leaves in the 5 Gy dose is significantly higher than the control. Plantlet growth of 25 Gy is nearly all stagnated. Root growth is also significantly reduced in plantlets of 15 Gy and above. The largest morphological changes are found in 10 and 15 Gy, therefore this range is recommended for future mutation breeding research of black orchids.
Optimization of annealing temperature for amplification of the exon one region of the HPPD gene in HA1 accession sunflowers
Authors: Yunita R , Rosadi F N , Jamsari  , Azizah A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The HPPD gene is one of the genes that is actively involved in the biosynthesis of tocopherol, which is the main component of Vitamin E. Sunflower is raw materials for natural medicine since their oil contains vitamin E. To obtain complete information regarding the whole sequences of the 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase (HPPD) gene in sunflower accession HA1, the exon one region needs to be identified using a PCR-based method. One factor affecting the success rate of PCR is the annealing temperature. The optimum annealing temperature will produce specific target gene products. This study aimed to determine the optimal temperature for amplifying the exon 1 region of the HPPD gene using the PCR method. This research began with primer design activities, followed by in vitro amplification (PCR), then optimization of annealing temperature using gradient PCR. The results showed that the optimum temperature for amplifying fragment one was an annealing temperature of 53 °C, fragment two was at an annealing temperature of 45 °C, and fragment three had an annealing temperature of 57 °C with the expected size of PCR products are 306 bp, 506 bp, and 534 bp respectively.
Study of Flowering Phenology of West Sumatera Local Jamblang (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels)
Authors: Al-Hamda H M , Swasti E , Satria B 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The flower of the jamblang plant (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) is a type of compound flower. The jamblang flowers have a panicle like shape with branches that are far apart. The phenology study has practical importance for planning the plant breeding program, including if there will be the development of superior jamblang varieties. The purpose of this study was to determine the development and biological characteristics of jamblang flowers. The observation was conducted on the duration of the flower initiation phase, the small bud phase, the large bud phase, and the complete blooming phase (anthesis), and also flower biological characteristics. This research was carried out in Padang City from February to May 2022 using a survey method with purposive sampling. There are three of plant genotypes that were used as object in this study. The development of jamblang flowers in each phase has a different time for each flower genotype. The characteristics of flowers have similarities in each of their genotypes. Jamblang plant is classified as plants that have a complete flower structure and a perfect flower because it has two penitals on one flower.
Field Emergence Test in Relation to Laboratory Seed Quality Tests of Sweet Corn Seed
Authors: Wulansari R , Farhana B , Fajrina N 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
High quality seeds of sweet corn will lead to high productivity. The quality of seeds can be known through germination testing. The field emergence test is one of seed quality testing with approach to a new method of quality testing in the field. The aims to study seed testing with the approach of field emergence method and finds out its relationship with the germination and vigor tests. This research used randomized complete block design (RCBD) with seven replications on each variety. Field emergence test was carried out by observing the number of open leaves and plant height while laboratory seed quality tests were assessed using standard germination test and accelerated ageing (AA) vigor test. The result showed that the field emergence test observed at 14 days after planting (DAP) gave a clear distinction of normal and abnormal plants, with a criteria normal plant had a criterion 3-4 open leaves and 16.9 ± 2.9 cm in plant height while abnormal had less than 3 leaves and short plant height. Field emergence percentage was calculated by the number of normal plants. There was a correlation at each time of observation of field emergence with germination and vigor tests result.
The growth and yield of five genotypes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in the lowland of West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Martinsyah R H , Satria B , Hasibuan S P 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSunflower plants have many benefits as food, especially for vegetable oil. The development of sunflower cultivation in Indonesia has not been optimal, especially in sunflower production. Increasing production requires superior seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct field tests to know the growth and yield of sunflower plants in the lowlands before plant assembly. The objective of this study was to determine the growth and yield of five adaptive sunflower genotypes. The research was conducted in July - September 2022 in Pauh Sub-district, Padang City, West Sumatra Province The plant genotypes were Ha1, Ha15, HU1, HU2, and HU3. The observed variables were plant height, stem diameter, flowering age, main flower diameter, the weight of 100 seeds, and the percentage of empty seeds. The research used a Completely Randomized Block Design and data analysis was by analysis of variance and if the F test on the analysis of variance shows a significant effect, then it is continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at 5%The results showed that the genotypes had a significant effect on the variables of plant height, stem diameter, main flower diameter, and weight of 100 seeds. According to the observed variable, HU3, Ha1, and HU1 were more adaptive in lowlands than others.
Effectivity of organic extract of forest betel fruit (Piper aduncum L.) of Riau to fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda JE Smith) in laboratory
Authors: Rustam R , Putra A R , Yudha P A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Spodoptera frugiperda is a new pest for maize in Indonesia. The research was aimed to obtain fruit organic extract of forest betel for S. frugiperda mortality in Laboratory. The research was conducted at Pest Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University,Bina Widya Campus, Pekanbaru, Riau Province, Indonesia from February to April 2022. Experiment in completely randomized design was used in the study. There were six treatments and four replicates. 10 larvae instar three of S. frugiperda were infested for each treatment by using spraying method. The treatment was organic extract concentration of forest betel as follows : A0 ( 0 % of organic extract of forest betel), A1 (0.2 % of organic extract of forest betel), A2 (0.4 % of organic extract of forest betel), A3 (0.6 % of organic extract of forest betel), A4 (0.8 % of organic extract of forest betel) and A5 (1.0 % of organic extract of forest betel). The result showed that concentration of 0.8% was the effective one to mortality of S. frugiperda. The total mortality was 82.50% with early lethal time of 2.5 hours after application and lethal time 50 at 31 hours after application. Concentration of 0.32% or 3.2 ml.l−1 was appropriate one to kill 50% of population and concentration of 1.34% or 13.4 ml.l−1 was appropriate to kill 95% of S. frugiperda larvae population
First report of stemphyllium leaf blight diseases on shallots in West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Resti Z , Sulyanti E , Xander D A , Zandini W F 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Stemphyllium leaf blight (SLB) is one of the diseases that cause losses in shallots. This study aims to detect the presence of SLB disease and determine the percentage of disease incidence and severity in West Sumatra. The study used survey methods, sample collection, and disease measurement in three shallot production centers in West Sumatra districts, namely Solok, Agam, and Tanah Datar. The damage caused by this disease is determined by measuring the percentage of disease incidence and severity. Infected plants were isolated to identify the cause of the diseases. The survey results have found symptoms of SLB which has never been reported before. Symptoms on the leaves are small round spots that coalesce to form a blight which then develops into a brown lesion and turns black in the center of the lesion due to sporulation over time. The disease incidence was 12.15%, and the severity was 5.97%. Based on morphological identification, microscopy, and pathogenicity tests, it was found that the cause of this disease was Stemphyllium sp. It is the first Stemphyllium sp. report on shallots in West Sumatra.