bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A giant ascending aortic aneurysm associated with a ruptured sinus of valsalva into the right atrium: Role of multimodality imaging
Authors: Zhang Ziming , Zhao Yang , Li He , Sun Zhenxing , Dai Meng , Xie Mingxing , Zhang Li 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA giant ascending aortic aneurysm associated with a ruptured sinus of Valsalva is rare. A 53‐year‐old male patient successfully underwent Bentall procedure after multimodality imaging which enable the correct diagnosis to be established and intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography provides additional information on the surgical planning.
Melanic morphs of Bactrocera dorsalis possess distinct developmental time, weight, and wing size and shape
Authors: Mwando Nelson L. , Baleba Steve B. S. , Ndlela Shepard , Mohamed Samira A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe scutum of oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), shows a high degree of variability in its colouration, which goes from black to red‐brown. Such variation depicts different levels of melanin production in these individuals. In insects, melanization can have an effect on their fitness parameters, which could consequently impact the insect's adaptive responses. Here, we asked whether the progeny produced by B. dorsalis individuals with different scutum colouration (melanic morphs) would differ in their developmental time, weight, and wing size and shape. To address this, we followed eggs produced by each B. dorsalis melanic morph by recording their pupation time, emergence time, and larval (second instar), pupal, and adult weights. Also, using landmark‐based geometric morphometric analysis, we assessed the variation in wing size and shape of the adults obtained from each parental melanic morphs of B. dorsalis. We found that larvae produced by adults with the darkest scutum exhibited faster development and weighed more than those produced by adults with brown scutum. At the adult stage, individuals from parents with darker and brown scutum had a reduced weight and wing size (length, width, area, and centroid size) than those from parents with moderate melanin production. We also found significant wing shape variation across the four melanic morphs. Our study suggests that melanisation in the scutum of B. dorsalis has a fitness gain in the preimaginal stages of this fly. In the adult stage, however, the amount of melanin in the scutum has a fitness cost. This suggests that in B. dorsalis, there is a potential trade‐off between melanin production and fitness parameters, which could have implications for adaptive responses such as thermoregulation, flight, and dispersal, and consequently for its management.
Climate change threats to the global functional diversity of freshwater fish
Authors: Scherer Laura , Boom Hidde A. , Barbarossa Valerio , van Bodegom Peter M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractClimate change impacts on freshwater ecosystems and freshwater biodiversity show strong spatial variability, highlighting the importance of a global perspective. While previous studies on biodiversity mostly focused on species richness, functional diversity, which is a better predictor of ecosystem functioning, has received much less attention. This study aims to comprehensively assess climate change threats to the functional diversity of freshwater fish across the world, considering three complementary metrics—functional richness, evenness and divergence. We built on existing spatially explicit projections of geographical ranges for 11,425 riverine fish species as affected by changes in streamflow and water temperature extremes at four warming levels (1.5°C, 2.0°C, 3.2°C and 4.5°C). To estimate functional diversity, we considered the following four continuous, morphological and physiological traits: relative head length, relative body depth, trophic level and relative growth rate. Together, these traits cover five ecological functions. We treated missing trait values in two different ways: we either removed species with missing trait values or imputed them. Depending on the warming level, 6%–25% of the locations globally face a complete loss of functional diversity when assuming no dispersal (6%–17% when assuming maximal dispersal), with hotspots in the Amazon and Paraná River basins. The three facets of functional diversity do not always follow the same pattern. Sometimes, functional richness is not yet affected despite species loss, while functional evenness and divergence are already reducing. Other times, functional richness reduces, while functional evenness and/or divergence increase instead. The contrasting patterns of the three facets of functional diversity show their complementarity among each other and their added value compared to species richness. With increasing climate change, impacts on freshwater communities accelerate, making early mitigation critically important.
Spectrum of kinase gene rearrangements in a large series of paediatric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours
Authors: Preobrazhenskaya Elena V , Suleymanova Amina M , Bizin Ilya V , Zagrebin Fyodor A , Romanko Alexandr A , Saitova Evgeniya S , Mulkidzhan Rimma S , Imyanitov Evgeny N 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionInflammatory myofibroblastic tumours (IMTs), being an exceptionally rare category of paediatric neoplasms, often contain druggable gene rearrangements involving tyrosine kinases.Methods and resultsThis study presents a large consecutive series of IMTs which were analysed for the presence of translocations by the PCR test for 5′/3′‐end ALK, ROS1, RET, NTRK1, NTRK2 and NTRK3 unbalanced expression, variant‐specific PCR for 47 common gene fusions and NGS TruSight RNA fusion panel. Kinase gene rearrangements were detected in 71 of 82 (87%) IMTs (ALK: n = 47; ROS1: n = 20; NTRK3: n = 3; PDGFRb: n = 1). The test for unbalanced expression had 100% reliability in identifying tumours with ALK fusions, but failed to reveal ROS1 rearrangements in eight of 20 (40%) ROS1‐driven IMTs; however, ROS1 alterations were detectable by variant‐specific PCR in 19 of 20 (95%) cases. ALK rearrangements were particularly common in patients below 1 year of age (10 of 11 (91%) versus 37 of 71 (52%), P = 0.039). ROS1 fusions occurred more often in lung IMTs than in tumours of other organs (14 of 35 (40%) versus six of 47 (13%), P = 0.007). Among 11 IMTs with no kinase gene rearrangement identified, one tumour demonstrated ALK activation via gene amplification and overexpression, and another neoplasm carried COL1A1::USP6 translocation.ConclusionsPCR‐based pipeline provides a highly efficient and non‐expensive alternative for molecular testing of IMTs. IMTs with no detectable rearrangements need further studies.
PD‐L1andHLA‐class I expression status and their therapeutic implication in oesophageal small‐cell carcinoma
Authors: Yamashita Satoshi , Abe Hiroyuki , Yamashita Hiroharu , Yagi Koichi , Seto Yasuyuki , Ushiku Tetsuo 
Published: April 2023

AimsOesophageal small‐cell carcinoma is a rare and highly aggressive subtype of oesophageal cancer with a dismal prognosis. To explore the potential applicability of immunotherapy, we investigated the expression status of programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐class I and the degree of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in oesophageal small‐cell carcinoma.Methods and resultsPD‐L1 and HLA‐class I expression levels were evaluated in 10 pure small‐cell carcinomas and five mixed neuroendocrine‐non‐neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs). The combined positive score (CPS) and tumour proportion score (TPS) were used for PD‐L1 assessment. Immunohistochemistry for mismatch repair (MMR) proteins was also performed. PD‐L1 immunohistochemistry demonstrated CPS ≥1 in nine (60%), CPS ≥10 in five (33%), and TPS ≥1 in five (33%) cases. Overall survival was significantly longer in patients with CPS ≥1 than in those with CPS <1. HLA‐class I deficiency (>50% tumour cells) was noted in five cases (33%), with no significant correlation with PD‐L1 expression status. Among the five MiNENs, HLA‐class I expression was decreased in the small‐cell carcinoma component of three cases. HLA‐class I deficiency was significantly associated with higher TNM stage and reduced TIL levels. MMR deficiency was not observed in any case.ConclusionGiven that a significant subset (40%) exhibited PD‐L1 CPS ≥1 with preserved HLA‐class I expression and high levels of TIL, the PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway is a potential therapeutic target for oesophageal small‐cell carcinoma.
Metastatic solid tumours to the penis: a clinicopathologic evaluation of 109 cases from an international collaboration
Authors: Nova‐Camacho Luiz M. , Collins Katrina , Trpkov Kiril , Acosta Andres M. , Sangoi Ankur R. , Akgul Mahmut , Chou Angela , Polonia Antonio , Rodrigues Ângelo , Yilmaz Asli , Perez‐Montiel Delia , Maclean Fiona , Queipo Gutiérrez Francisco Javier , Contreras Félix , Wu Howard H. , Alvarado‐Cabrero Isabel , de Torres Inés , Ruiz Irune , Lobo João , Prendeville Susan , Manrique Celada Manuel , Cheng Liang , Galea Laurence A. , Hwang Michael , Aron Manju , García‐Martos María , Zalles Nicole , Raspollini Maria Rosaria , Williamson Sean R. , Ulbright Thomas M. , Panizo Angel 
Published: April 2023

AimsTo elucidate the spectrum of metastatic tumours to the penis and their clinicopathologic features.MethodsThe databases and files of 22 pathology departments from eight countries on three continents were queried to identify metastatic solid tumours of the penis and to characterize their clinical and pathologic features.ResultsWe compiled a series of 109 cases of metastatic solid tumours that secondarily involved the penis. The mean patient age at diagnosis was 71 years (range, 7–94 years). Clinical presentation commonly included a penile nodule/mass (48/95; 51%) and localised pain (14/95; 15%). A prior history of malignancy was known in 92/104 (89%) patients. Diagnosis was made mainly on biopsy (82/109; 75%), or penectomy (21/109; 19%) specimens. The most common penile locations were the glans (45/98; 46%) and corpus cavernosum (39/98; 39%). The most frequent histologic type was adenocarcinoma (56%). Most primary carcinomas originated in the genitourinary (76/108; 70%) and gastrointestinal (20/108; 18%) tracts, including prostate (38/108; 35%), urinary bladder (27/108; 25%), and colon/rectum (18/108; 17%). Concurrent or prior extrapenile metastases were identified in 50/78 (64%) patients. Clinical follow‐up (mean 22 months, range 0–171 months) was available for 87/109 (80%) patients, of whom 46 (53%) died of disease.ConclusionThis is the largest study to date of metastatic solid tumours secondarily involving the penis. The most frequent primaries originated from the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts. Metastatic penile tumours usually presented with penile nodules/masses and pain, and they often occurred in the setting of advanced metastatic disease, portending poor clinical outcomes.
MIP formulations for induced graph optimization problems: a tutorial
Authors: Melo Rafael A. , Ribeiro Celso C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGiven a graph and a subset of its vertices , the subgraph induced by in G is that with vertex set and edge set formed by all the edges in E linking two vertices in . Mixed integer programming (MIP) approaches are among the most successful techniques for solving induced graph optimization problems, that is, those related to obtaining maximum or minimum (weighted or not) induced subgraphs with certain properties. In this tutorial, we provide a literature review of some of these problems. Furthermore, we illustrate the use of MIP formulations and techniques for solving combinatorial optimization problems involving induced graphs. We focus on compact formulations and those with an exponential number of constraints that can be effectively solved using branch‐and‐cut procedures. More specifically, we revisit applications of their use for problems of finding induced forests (which correspond to the complement of feedback vertex sets), trees, paths, as well as quasi‐clique partitionings.
Association of external interruptions with increased medication administration duration and self‐interruptions: A direct observational study: Empirical research quantitative
Authors: Schroers Ginger , Tell Dina , O'Rourke Jenny 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsTo examine task duration and frequency of self‐interruptions among study participants during externally interrupted compared with externally uninterrupted simulated medication administration.BackgroundInterruptions are prevalent during nursing medication administration and can lead to inefficient, delayed, omitted and unsafe patient care. Interrupted nursing tasks are shown to take longer to complete compared to uninterrupted tasks; however, studies seldom indicate if the time spent in the interruption was included or excluded in the reported task duration. It is unknown if the time spent in the interruption leads to longer task completion times or if other factors, such as the time needed to re‐engage in the primary task and/or self‐interruptions, are involved. Little is known about associations between external interruptions and self‐interruptions during nursing tasks. Self‐interruptions are caused by an individual's own decision to stop an activity to attend to something else.DesignCross‐sectional within‐subjects design.MethodsThis two‐site study investigated task duration and frequencies of self‐interruptions during externally interrupted and externally uninterrupted simulated medication administration. Data on medication administration duration, external interruption duration and self‐interruptions were collected via direct observation from November 2019–February 2020. The time spent in the external interruption was deducted from the medication administration duration.ResultsThirty‐five participants were included in the study. The externally interrupted task had a significantly longer duration and significantly more frequent self‐interruptions within‐subjects compared to the externally uninterrupted task. Self‐interruptions were most often due to forgotten supplies.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the time needed to re‐engage with an externally interrupted task and/or self‐interruptions may lead to longer task completion times.ImpactResearchers are encouraged to investigate mediators of interruptions that lead to longer task completion times and errors. Findings can be used to develop and implement interruption management strategies that aim to improve the safety and quality of patient care.Reporting MethodEquator guidelines were followed using the STROBE reporting method.Patient/Public ContributionNo patient or public involvement in this study.Implications for the profession and/or patient careEducators and researchers can use the study findings to guide teaching methods and direct future studies. By gaining a better understanding of the mediators of interruptions that create longer task completion times and increase the risk for errors, tailored interruption management strategies that aim to improve the safety and quality of healthcare can be developed and implemented.
The optimality of public–private partnerships under financial and fiscal constraints
Authors: Buso Marco , Greco Luciano 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe government may delegate two sequential tasks (e.g., building and operating an infrastructure) to the same or different agents (i.e., partnership vs. sequential contracts). Agents are risk‐neutral but face financial constraints, whereas the government's contractual capacity may be limited by the renegotiation‐proofness and fiscal constraints. By relying on history‐dependent incentives, the partnership contract corrects moral hazard more effectively than sequential contracts. Thus, it is socially preferred unless bundling different tasks deteriorates the agent's financial conditions. Our results shed new light on the role of firms' financial and government's fiscal conditions in driving the cost–benefit analysis of public–private partnerships.
Local food procurement by hospitals: a scoping review
Authors: Faulkner Kathy , Collins Jorja , Gilbertson Heather R. , Porter Judi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundLocal food procurement by hospitals is gaining traction as governments and advocacy groups seek to influence food systems and strengthen local communities, but there is little empirical evidence as to its practical application or efficacy. The aims of this review were to describe the extent, range and nature of local food procurement models in healthcare foodservices, and to understand the barriers and enablers to implementation, including from the perspective of stakeholders across the supply chain.MethodA scoping review was conducted following the protocol published in the Open Science Framework Registration (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/T3AX2). Five electronic databases were searched for the following concepts: ‘hospital foodservice’, ‘local food procurement practices’, ‘the extent, range and nature’ and/or ‘the barriers and enablers of procurement’. Eligible peer‐reviewed original research published in English from the year 2000 was included following a two‐step selection process.ResultsThe final library included nine studies. Most studies (7 of 9) were from the United States. Three studies used survey methods and reported high rates (58%–91%) of US hospital participation in local food procurement. Studies offered minimal description of local procurement models, but two models, conventional (‘on‐contract’) or off‐contract, were typically used. Barriers to local food procurement included restricted access to suitable local food supply, limited kitchen resources and inadequate technology to trace local food purchase thereby limiting evaluation capabilities. Enablers included organisational support, passionate champions and opportunistic, incremental change.ConclusionThere is a paucity of peer‐reviewed studies describing local food procurement by hospitals. Details of local food procurement models were generally lacking: categorisable as either purchases made ‘on‐contract’ via conventional means or ‘off‐contract’. If hospital foodservices are to increase their local food procurement, they require access to a suitable, reliable and traceable supply, that acknowledges their complexity and budgetary constraints.
Perception, understanding, and association between psychological stress and skin aging: Quantitative surveys of Asian women aged 18–34 years, dermatologists, and psychologists in China and Japan
Authors: Anwar Siti S. , Apolinar Mary Anne , Ma Li 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundSkin aging involves a variety of structural and functional changes, under the influence of various factors. Preaging skin is a relatively new concept describing self‐perceived signs of skin aging that appear in the early 20s–30s and may be triggered by psychological stress. However, it is unclear how young women and healthcare professionals (HCP) understand the association between stress and skin aging.AimsWe sought to explore the perceptions of stress‐related skin aging among young women and HCPs.MethodsWe performed online surveys of 403 young women (18–34 years), 60 dermatologists, and 60 psychologists residing in major cities in China and Japan. Questions covered skin signs, understanding/perceptions of stress–aging connection, and demographics. Young women also completed DASS‐21 to assess their stress level, which was dichotomized as normal or mild–extremely severe.ResultsThe stress level was normal in 52.6% or mild–extremely severe in 47.4% of young women. Greater proportions of women in the mild–extremely severe stress group reported skin manifestations associated with preaging, the top three being “rough skin” (39.3% vs. 24.1%), “slow metabolic rate” (28.8% vs. 14.2%), and “dull skin” (43.5% vs. 29.2%). The top three skin manifestations showing the strongest perceived associations with stress were: “dark eye circles,” “slow metabolic rate,” and “dull skin” (among young women); “acne,” “dry skin,” and “skin rash” (among HCPs).ConclusionsYoung women frequently report high levels of psychological stress and signs of skin aging. Perceptions of stress–skin aging association differ between young women and HCPs.
Family participation in essential care activities in adult intensive care units: An integrative review of interventions and outcomes
Authors: Dijkstra Boukje M. , Felten‐Barentsz Karin M. , van der Valk Margriet J. M. , Pelgrim Thomas , van der Hoeven Johannes G. , Schoonhoven Lisette , Ebben Remco H. A. , Vloet Lilian C. M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo systematically review interventions and outcomes regarding family participation in essential care in adult intensive care units.BackgroundPatients and relatives may benefit from family participation in essential care activities.DesignAn integrative literature review.MethodsThe following databases were systematically searched from inception to January 25, 2021: PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Web of Science and reference lists of included articles. Studies were included when reporting on family participation in essential care activities in intensive care including interventions and outcomes. Quality of the studies was assessed with the Kmet Standard Quality Assessment Criteria. Interventions were assessed, using the TIDieR framework. Data were extracted and synthesised narratively.ResultsA total of 6698 records were screened, and 322 full‐text studies were assessed. Seven studies were included, describing an intervention to support family participation. Four studies had a pretest‐posttest design, two were pilot feasibility studies and one was observational. The quality of the studies was poor to good, with Kmet‐scores: 0.50–0.86 (possible score: 0–1, 1 being the highest). Five studies offered various essential care activities. One study provided sufficient intervention detail. Outcome measures among relatives varied from mental health symptoms to satisfaction, supportiveness, comfort level and experience. Two studies measured patient outcomes: delirium and pressure ulcers. Among ICU healthcare providers, perception, comfort level and experience were assessed. Since outcome measures varied, only narrative synthesis was possible. Family participation is associated with a reduction of anxiety and PTSD symptoms.ConclusionIntervention descriptions of family participation in essential care activities are generally inadequate and do not allow comparison and replication. Participation of relatives was associated with a significant reduction in mental health symptoms. Other outcome measures varied, therefore, the use of additional outcome measures with validated measurement instruments should be considered.Relevance to clinical practiceThe review contributed further insight into interventions aiming at family participation in essential care activities in the intensive care unit and their outcomes.No patient or public contributionNeither patients nor public were involved.