bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Policy, Practice and Praxis: Computer-Aided Decision Support to Enable Policy-Making in Lifelong Learning
Authors: Clancy Sharon , Palmer Claire 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter considers the application of artificial intelligence to policy-making in lifelong learning, based on the Enliven project’s development of a prototype Intelligent Decision Support System (IDSS) focused on young people Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEETs). Providing a repository of information about existing projects (particularly aimed at benefitting groups disadvantaged in terms of gender, ethnicity, culture, etc.), the IDSS allows new initiatives to be based on knowledge of measures previously used and their success; and to be evaluated against suitable criteria. The chapter describes how the Enliven IDSS developed and reflects on issues involved in the collaborative, cross-disciplinary and inter-sectoral work involved. It also considers the limited nature of the information available and some constraints on computer-based responses to complex social problems.
Quality and safety assessment of food supplements containing caffeine and iodine
Authors: Galanty Agnieszka , Dobrowolska-Iwanek Justyna , Paździora Wojciech , Podolak Irma , Paśko Paweł 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCaffeine-containing food supplements are often used as weight loss or memory enhancement support, which increases the potential risk for overdosing the compound. Whereas the presence of iodine-containing seaweed fucus in such products may result in thyroid disorders, when permanently overdosed. The study aimed to assess the content of caffeine and iodine in food supplements. Caffeine amount in tablets and capsules ranged from 91.8 to 138.9% of the declared content, and 2.6 ± 0.3 to 21.8 ± 2.8 mg/portion for the herbal blends with undeclared caffeine content. Iodine content ranged from 10.6 ± 0.4 to 52.5 ± 3.7 µg/portion of the products. Our results, although preliminary, suggest questionable usefulness of the tested preparations as weight loss support. Likewise, a simultaneous consumption of the recommended amounts with caffeine from other sources (e.g. coffee, tea, energy drinks, etc.), is unlikely to cause adverse effects.
Effects of Phenanthrene Exposure on the B-esterases Activities of Octopus maya (Voss and Solís Ramírez, 1996) Embryos
Authors: Aguilar Letícia , Moreno-Ortiz Gissela , Caamal-Monsreal Claudia , Rosas Carlos , Noreña-Barroso Elsa , Gómez-Maldonado María Concepción , Rodríguez-Fuentes Gabriela 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNo ecotoxicological information exists on phenanthrene (Phe) exposure in cephalopods, animals of commercial and ecological importance. This study investigated the effect of Phe on two B-esterases, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Carboxylesterases (CbE), in Octopus maya embryos. Octopus embryos were exposed to different treatments: control (seawater), solvent control (seawater and DMSO 0.01%), 10 and 100 µg/L of Phe. AChE and CbE activities were measured at different developmental stages (blastula, organogenesis, and growth). B-esterase activities increased in control and solvent control as the embryos developed, showing no statistically significant differences between them. On the other hand, the embryos exposed to Phe had significant differences from controls, and between the high and low concentrations. Our results indicate that B-esterases are sensitive biomarkers of exposure to Phe in O. maya. Still, complementary studies are needed to unravel the toxicodynamics of Phe and the implications of the found inhibitory effect in hatched organisms.
Realization of high discharge frequency in LC pulse generator for EDM by ignition using transistor circuit
Authors: Jiang Lin , Kunieda Masanori 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent research has revealed that the LC pulse generator is able to generate higher rising speed discharge current pulses and high open voltage for EDM by utilizing electromotive force induced by an inductor. However, the discharge probability of LC generators is low because the duration of the open voltage pulse is significantly short in the order of several microseconds, although it usually takes several microseconds or longer for discharge to be ignited. In this paper, the discharge probability of the LC pulse generator was investigated, which was proved to be lower than 20% if the discharge frequency divided by the switching frequency of the LC generator is defined as the discharge probability of the LC generator. An excessively short delay time demonstrates that the gap will be short-circuited, resulting in decreased machining stability. Hence, this paper proposes a modified version of the LC generator, combining a high impedance transistor pulse generator with a conventional LC pulse generator. The high impedance transistor pulse generator is used to cause the ignition in the interelectrode gap, but not to supply energy to remove the workpiece. Triggered by the ignition, the LC pulse generator is activated to supply high discharge energies and unique discharge current shape. This modified LC pulse generator can produce a discharge frequency 2 to 3 times higher than the conventional LC pulse generator.
Basic and advanced spectrometric methods for complete nanoparticles characterization in bio/eco systems: current status and future prospects
Authors: Borowska Magdalena , Jankowski Krzysztof 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe use of engineered nanoparticles in the environment and human life has increased in the last 20 years. The risk assessment concerning application of nanomaterials in biological systems requires their thorough characterization. Understanding the correlations between physicochemical properties of nanoparticles concerning not only the size, particle size distribution, number concentration, degree of aggregation, or agglomeration but also solubility, stability, binding affinity, surface activity, chemical composition, and nanoparticle synthesis yield allows their reliable characterization. Thus, to find the structure-function/property relationship of nanoparticles, multifaceted characterization approach based on more than one analytical technique is required. On the other hand, the increasing demand for identification and characterization of nanomaterials has contributed to the continuous development of spectrometric techniques which enables for their qualitative and quantitative analysis in complex matrices giving reproducible and reliable results. This review is aimed at providing a discussion concerning four main aspects of nanoparticle characterization: nanoparticle synthesis yield, particle size and number concentration, elemental and isotopic composition of nanoparticles, and their surface properties. The conventional and non-conventional spectrometric techniques such as spectrophotometry UV-Vis, mass spectrometric techniques working in conventional and single-particle mode, or those based on optical emission detection systems are described with special emphasis paid on their advantages and drawbacks. The application and recent advances of these methods are also comprehensively reviewed and critically discussed.
Graphical abstract
Biotechnological tools for reducing the use of sulfur dioxide in white grape must and preventing enzymatic browning: glutathione; inactivated dry yeasts rich in glutathione; and bioprotection with Metschnikowia pulcherrima
Authors: Giménez Pol , Just-Borras Arnau , Pons Pere , Gombau Jordi , Heras José M. , Sieczkowski Nathalie , Canals Joan Miquel , Zamora Fernando 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSulfur dioxide is the most used additive today for preventing browning in grape musts and wines. However, since wine consumers are increasingly interested in healthier wines, the wine industry is keen to reduce its use. Some promising alternatives to sulfur dioxide have been proposed in recent years, including glutathione, both pure and in the form of inactivated yeasts, and Metschnikowia pulcherrima used as a bioprotective agent. Some information exists about the protective effect against oxidation of glutathione but there is very few about the use of bioprotection for that purpose. Supplementation with glutathione, regardless of the commercial form, reduced oxygen consumption and browning intensity when laccase was not present in the grape juice. Metschnikowia pulcherrima also reduced browning intensity in the absence of laccase but increased the total oxygen consumption. However, in the presence of laccase, glutathione and Metschnikowia pulcherrima were not effective enough to adequately prevent the grape juice from browning. Glutathione, both pure and in the form of inactivated yeasts, and Metschnikowia pulcherrima are interesting tools for protecting grape must against browning, and thus reducing the use of sulfur dioxide.
On the Spectral Form Factor for Random Matrices
Authors: Cipolloni Giorgio , Erdős László , Schröder Dominik 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the physics literature the spectral form factor (SFF), the squared Fourier transform of the empirical eigenvalue density, is the most common tool to test universality for disordered quantum systems, yet previous mathematical results have been restricted only to two exactly solvable models (Forrester in J Stat Phys 183:33, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10955-021-02767-5, Commun Math Phys 387:215–235, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-021-04193-w). We rigorously prove the physics prediction on SFF up to an intermediate time scale for a large class of random matrices using a robust method, the multi-resolvent local laws. Beyond Wigner matrices we also consider the monoparametric ensemble and prove that universality of SFF can already be triggered by a single random parameter, supplementing the recently proven Wigner–Dyson universality (Cipolloni et al. in Probab Theory Relat Fields, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00440-022-01156-7) to larger spectral scales. Remarkably, extensive numerics indicates that our formulas correctly predict the SFF in the entire slope-dip-ramp regime, as customarily called in physics.
A novel and simple cardiac magnetic resonance score (PE2RT) predicts outcome in takotsubo syndrome
Authors: Isaak Alexander , Bratz Johanna , Kravchenko Dmitrij , Mesropyan Narine , Eckardt Irina , Bischoff Leon M. , Weinhold Leonie , Kuetting Daniel , Pieper Claus Christian , Attenberger Ulrike , Zimmer Sebastian , Luetkens Julian A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To find simple imaging-based features on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) that are associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in takotsubo syndrome (TTS).

Methods
Patients with TTS referred for CMR between 2007 and 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. Besides standard CMR analysis, commonly known complications of TTS based on expert knowledge were assessed and summarised via a newly developed PE2RT score (one point each for pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, right ventricular involvement, and ventricular thrombus). Clinical follow-up data was reviewed up to three years after discharge. The relationship between PE2RT features and the occurrence of MACE (cardiovascular death or new hospitalisation due to acute myocardial injury, arrhythmia, or chronic heart failure) was examined using Cox regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier estimator.

Results
Seventy-nine patients (mean age, 68 ± 14 years; 72 women) with TTS were included. CMR was performed in a median of 4 days (IQR, 2–6) after symptom onset. Over a median follow-up of 13.3 months (IQR, 0.4–36.0), MACE occurred in 14/79 (18%) patients: re-hospitalisation due to acute symptoms (9/79, 11%) or chronic heart failure symptoms (4/79, 5%), and cardiac death (1/79, 1%). Patients with MACE had a higher PE2RT score (median [IQR], 2 [2–3] vs 1 [0–1]; p < 0.001). PE2RT score was associated with MACE on Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio per PE2RT feature, 2.44; 95%CI: 1.62–3.68; p < 0.001). Two or more PE2RT complications were strongly associated with the occurrence of MACE (log-rank p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The introduced PE2RT complication score might enable an easy-to-assess outcome evaluation of TTS patients by CMR.

Key Points
• Complications like pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, right ventricular involvement, and ventricular thrombus (summarised as PE2RT features) are relatively common in takotsubo syndrome.
• The proposed PE2RT score (one point per complication) was associated with the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events on follow-up.
• Complications easily detected by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can help clinicians derive long-term prognostic information on patients with takotsubo syndrome.
Response of damaging Philippines tropical cyclones to a warming climate using the pseudo global warming approach
Authors: Delfino Rafaela Jane , Vidale Pier Luigi , Bagtasa Gerry , Hodges Kevin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe potential changes in the characteristics and damage potential of three of the most damaging tropical cyclone (TC) events (Haiyan 2013, Bopha 2012, Mangkhut 2018) in the Philippines have been simulated using the pseudo global warming (PGW) technique. Simulations were performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting model at 5 km resolution with cumulus parameterization (5 kmCU) and 3 km without cumulus parameterization (3 kmNoCU), with PGW deltas derived from a selection of the CMIP6 models. We found that re-forecasting the three TCs under future warming leads to more intense TCs, with changes in maximum wind of 4%, 3%, and 14% for the 5 kmCU runs, and 14%, 4%, and 12% for the 3 kmNoCU runs of Typhoon Haiyan, Bopha, and Mangkhut, respectively. The changes in track, translation speed, and size are relatively small. The TC cases have a higher impact potential in the future, as expressed by the cyclone damage potential index, ranging from ~ 1% to up to 37% under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. Based on the pre-industrial runs, climate change has had, so far, only a weak influence on TC intensity and not much influence on track, translation speed, and size. Simulations without convective parameterization show similar changes in the sign of the projected TC intensity response, but different signals of change in translation speed and size.
The Behavioural Dysfunction Questionnaire discriminates behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia from Alzheimer’s disease dementia and major depressive disorder
Authors: Semenkova Anna , Piguet Olivier , Johnen Andreas , Schroeter Matthias L. , Godulla Jannis , Linnemann Christoph , Mühlhauser Markus , Sauer Thomas , Baumgartner Markus , Anderl-Straub Sarah , Otto Markus , Felbecker Ansgar , Kressig Reto W. , Berres Manfred , Sollberger Marc 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background and objectives
Early-stage behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is often misdiagnosed, highlighting the need for new diagnostic instruments. Based on the revised diagnostic criteria for bvFTD, we developed the Behavioural Dysfunction Questionnaire (BDQ). In this explorative study, we aimed to determine the best scoring and analytical method for the BDQ to discriminate between bvFTD and non-bvFTD patients.

Materials and methods
34 patients with early-stage bvFTD, 56 with early-stage Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) and 41 with major depressive disorder (MDD) were recruited. We calculated BDQ-items with or without inclusion of a time criterion: (a) without time criterion, (b) with 10 years’ time criterion (symptom presence less than 10 years), and (c) with 3 years’ time criterion (symptom presentation within the first 3 years). Using these three differently calculated items, we generated six variables, i.e. 3*2 [BDQ-Global Score (BDQ-GS; domains average score); BDQ-Global Domain Score (BDQ-GDS; domains categorical score)]. Then, we performed univariate and bivariate (BDQ-GS and BDQ-GDS combined) ROC analyses.

Results
Models including BDQ-GS, BDQ-GDS or both variables combined discriminated similarly between groups. In contrast, models without time criterion or with 10 years’ time criterion discriminated better than models including variables with 3 years’ time criterion. These models discriminated highly (AUC = 85.98–87.78) between bvFTD and MDD and bvFTD and ADD, respectively.

Conclusion
BDQ-scores without any time criterion discriminated highly between early-stage bvFTD and non-bvFTD groups, which could improve the early diagnosis of bvFTD. With its standardised procedure, the BDQ is also appropriate for repeated assessments.
State-of-health estimation of Lithium-ion battery based on back-propagation neural network with adaptive hidden layer
Authors: Chen Liping , Xu Changcheng , Bao Xinyuan , Lopes António , Li Penghua , Zhang Chaolong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe reliability and safety of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are key issues in battery applications. Accurate prediction of the state-of-health (SOH) of LIBs can reduce or even avoid battery-related accidents. In this paper, a new back-propagation neural network (BPNN) is proposed to predict the SOH of LIBs. The BPNN uses as input the LIB voltage, current and temperature, as well as the charging time, since it is strongly correlated with the SOH. The number of hidden layer nodes is adaptively set based on the training data in order to improve the generalization capability of the BPNN. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed scheme is verified using four distinct battery datasets and different training data. Experimental results show that the new BPNN is able to accurately predict the SOH of LIBs, revealing superiority when compared to other alternatives.
Percolating contacts network and force chains during interface shear in granular media
Authors: Patino-Ramirez Fernando , O’Sullivan Catherine , Dini Daniele 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe concept of force chains transmitting stress through granular materials is well established; however identification of individual force chains and the associated quantitative analysis is non-trivial. This paper proposes two algorithms to (1) find the network of percolating contacts that control the response of loaded granular media, and (2) decompose this network into the individual force chains that comprise it. The new framework is demonstrated considering data from discrete element method simulations of a ribbed interface moving against a granular sample. The subset of contacts in the material that transfers load across the sample, namely the percolating contact network ($$G_{perc}$$

G

perc

), is found using the maximum flow algorithm. The resulting network is fully-connected and its maximum flow value corresponds to the force percolating the system in the direction normal to the ribbed wall. $$G_{perc}$$

G

perc

re-orientates in response to the ribbed interface movement and transmits 85–$$95\%$$

95
%

of the stress, with only 40–$$65\%$$

65
%

of the contacts in the sample. Then, $$G_{perc}$$

G

perc

is split into individual force chains using a novel implementation of the widest path problem. Results show that denser materials with increased force-chain centrality promote a higher density of force chains, which results in a higher macro-scale strength during interface shearing. The contribution of force chains in the network is revealed to be highly centralized, composed by a small set of strong and long-lived force chains, plus a large set of weak and short-lived force chains.
Orchard meadows: consumer perception and communication of a traditional agroforestry system in Germany
Authors: Philipp Sophia M. , Zander Katrin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEurope has a large variety of historic cultural agroforestry systems which provide numerous ecosystem services. Traditional agroforestry landscapes are characterized by a high level of biodiversity, but they lack an economic basis due to considerable time and financial effort required for cultivation, maintenance, and harvesting. Orchard meadows (OM) are a typical example for agroforestry systems. They combine large fruit trees with undercropping or livestock raising. This study investigates consumer knowledge and preferences for OM products and the possibilities of improved communication to increase consumer demand. Focus groups were conducted with German consumers. The results demonstrate that consumers have a very positive perception of OM juice in terms of taste, local production, health, and environmental benefits. In order to increase the demand for OM juice, communication with consumers needs to be improved by highlighting these positive attributes.
“I Don’t Think That’s Something I’ve Ever Thought About Really Before”: A Thematic Discursive Analysis of Lay People’s Talk about Legal Gender
Authors: Peel Elizabeth , Newman Hannah J. H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article examines three divergent constructions about the salience of legal gender in lay people’s everyday lives and readiness to decertify gender. In our interviews (and survey data), generally participants minimised the importance of legal gender. The central argument in this article is that feminist socio-legal scholars applying legal consciousness studies to legal reform topics should find scrutinizing the construction of interview talk useful. We illustrate this argument by adapting and applying Ewick and Silbey’s (1998) ‘The Common Place of Law: Stories from Everyday Life', ‘before’, ‘with’ and ‘against’ typology to interview talk about legal gender, and critique their cognitivist approach by offering a constructionist alternative. In our analysis, we offer a detailed discursive explication of three key legal consciousness themes. These themes offer a balanced representation of a dataset problematically ‘skewed’ towards sex-based rights feminist perspectives, namely that ‘before’ legal gender is an anti-decertification account, decertification would be risky for natal females; a ‘with’ legal gender construction is neither for nor against decertification per se, though the impact of decertification is produced in accounts as limited and unimportant; and ‘against’ legal gender is a pro-decertification classification, as not abolished legal gender is constructed as harmful to already marginalised groups. In concluding, we explore the reasoning for the lack of readiness for decertification currently, and return to the value of examining the construction of lay discourse about legal matters as talk is a form of social action. We suggest that applying discursive analysis to themes in legal consciousness studies enables a refocusing on the how rather than purely the what of divergent legal consciousnesses, and that this approach is a fruitful addition to feminist socio-legal studies.
Gender-Based Violence Without a Legal Gender: Imagining Single-Sex Services in Conditions of Decertification
Authors: Renz Flora 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article considers what the implications of decertification would be for single-sex services such as domestic and sexual violence support. Some reform options attached to decertification could (re)allocate authority away from the state to organisations or individuals to determine gender criteria. What would the consequences of such re-allocation be in determining eligibility to receive or access services or excluding people on the basis of a characteristic protected under equality law? Engaging with this in the context of domestic and sexual violence support service provision raises a number of questions. Firstly, does the existence of gender-based violence and/or of the effects it produces require a stable category in order to address them? What benefits may emerge from providing single-sex spaces that could not be replicated in other settings? And finally, what criteria of exclusion and inclusion are currently used to determine access to spaces beyond legal gender status?