bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 over‐expression alleviates neuronal ferroptosis and brain injury by inhibiting lipid peroxidation via AKT/mTOR pathway following intracerebral hemorrhage in mice
Authors: Li Ruihao , Zhang Xingyu , Gu Lingui , Yuan Ye , Luo Xu , Shen Weiwei , Xie Zongyi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFerroptosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of secondary brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and regulating this process is considered a potential therapy for alleviating further brain injury. A previous study showed that CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 (CISD2) can inhibit ferroptosis in cancer. Thus, we investigated the effects of CISD2 on ferroptosis and the mechanisms underlying its neuroprotective role in mice after ICH. CISD2 expression markedly increased after ICH. CISD2 over‐expression significantly decreased the number of Fluoro‐Jade C‐positive neurons and alleviated brain edema and neurobehavioral deficits at 24 h after ICH. In addition, CISD2 over‐expression up‐regulated the expression of p‐AKT, p‐mTOR, ferritin heavy chain 1, glutathione peroxidase 4, ferroportin, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase activity, which are markers of ferroptosis. Additionally, CISD2 over‐expression down‐regulated the levels of malonaldehyde, iron content, acyl‐CoA synthetase long‐chain family member 4, transferrin receptor 1, and cyclooxygenase‐2 at 24 h after ICH. It also alleviated mitochondrial shrinkage and decreased the density of the mitochondrial membrane. Furthermore, CISD2 over‐expression increased the number of GPX4‐positive neurons following ICH induction. Conversely, knockdown of CISD2 aggravated neurobehavioral deficits, brain edema, and neuronal ferroptosis. Mechanistically, MK2206, an AKT inhibitor, suppressed p‐AKT and p‐mTOR and reversed the effects of CISD2 over‐expression on markers of neuronal ferroptosis and acute neurological outcome. Taken together, CISD2 over‐expression alleviated neuronal ferroptosis and improved neurological performance, which may be mediated through the AKT/mTOR pathway after ICH. Thus, CISD2 may be a potential target to mitigate brain injury via the anti‐ferroptosis effect after ICH.image
Sleep and memory: The impact of sleep deprivation on transcription, translational control, and protein synthesis in the brain
Authors: Lyons Lisa C. , Vanrobaeys Yann , Abel Ted 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn countries around the world, sleep deprivation represents a widespread problem affecting school‐age children, teenagers, and adults. Acute sleep deprivation and more chronic sleep restriction adversely affect individual health, impairing memory and cognitive performance as well as increasing the risk and progression of numerous diseases. In mammals, the hippocampus and hippocampus‐dependent memory are vulnerable to the effects of acute sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation induces changes in molecular signaling, gene expression and may cause changes in dendritic structure in neurons. Genome wide studies have shown that acute sleep deprivation alters gene transcription, although the pool of genes affected varies between brain regions. More recently, advances in research have drawn attention to differences in gene regulation between the level of the transcriptome compared with the pool of mRNA associated with ribosomes for protein translation following sleep deprivation. Thus, in addition to transcriptional changes, sleep deprivation also affects downstream processes to alter protein translation. In this review, we focus on the multiple levels through which acute sleep deprivation impacts gene regulation, highlighting potential post‐transcriptional and translational processes that may be affected by sleep deprivation. Understanding the multiple levels of gene regulation impacted by sleep deprivation is essential for future development of therapeutics that may mitigate the effects of sleep loss.image
Locomotor and postural diversity among reptiles viewed through the prism of femoral microanatomy: Palaeobiological implications for some Permian and Mesozoic taxa
Authors: Gônet Jordan , Bardin Jérémie , Girondot Marc , Hutchinson John R. , Laurin Michel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe water‐to‐land transition by the first tetrapod vertebrates represents a key stage in their evolution. Selection pressures exerted by this new environment on animals led to the emergence of new locomotor and postural strategies that favoured access to different ecological niches and contributed to their evolutionary success. Today, amniotes show great locomotor and postural diversity, particularly among Reptilia, whose extant representatives include parasagittally locomoting erect and crouched bipeds (birds), sub‐parasagittal ‘semi‐erect’ quadrupeds (crocodylians) and sprawling quadrupeds (squamates and turtles). But the different steps leading to such diversity remain enigmatic and the type of locomotion adopted by many extinct species raises questions. This is notably the case of certain Triassic taxa such as Euparkeria and Marasuchus. The exploration of the bone microanatomy in reptiles could help to overcome these uncertainties. Indeed, this locomotor and postural diversity is accompanied by great microanatomical disparity. On land, the bones of the appendicular skeleton support the weight of the body and are subject to multiple constraints that partly shape their external and internal morphology. Here we show how microanatomical parameters measured in cross‐section, such as bone compactness or the position of the medullocortical transition, can be related to locomotion. We hypothesised that this could be due to variations in cortical thickness. Using statistical methods that take phylogeny into account (phylogenetic flexible discriminant analyses), we develop different models of locomotion from a sample of femur cross‐sections from 51 reptile species. We use these models to infer locomotion and posture in 7 extinct reptile taxa for which they remain debated or not fully clear. Our models produced reliable inferences for taxa that preceded and followed the quadruped/biped and sprawling/erect transitions, notably within the Captorhinidae and Dinosauria. For taxa contemporary with these transitions, such as Terrestrisuchus and Marasuchus, the inferences are more questionable. We use linear models to investigate the effect of body mass and functional ecology on our inference models. We show that body mass seems to significantly impact our model predictions in most cases, unlike the functional ecology. Finally, we illustrate how taphonomic processes can impact certain microanatomical parameters, especially the eccentricity of the section, while addressing some other potential limitations of our methods. Our study provides insight into the evolution of enigmatic locomotion in various early reptiles. Our models and methods could be used by palaeontologists to infer the locomotion and posture in other extinct reptile taxa, especially when considered in combination with other lines of evidence.
Impact of maternal late hospital arrival on adverse outcome of offspring affected by placental abruption: A regional multicenter nested case–control study in Japan
Authors: Kawamura Hiroshi , Takahashi Nozomu , Miyazaki Yumiko , Tsuyoshi Hideaki , Orisaka Makoto , Yoshida Yoshio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsTo elucidate the influence of the time‐intervals between the onset and arrival (TIME 1), onset and delivery (TIME 2), and the decision to deliver and delivery (TIME 3) on severe adverse outcomes of offspring born to mothers complicated by placental abruption outside the hospital.MethodsThis is a multicenter nested case–control study about placental abruption at Fukui Prefecture, a regional area in Japan, through 2013 to 2017. Multiple pregnancy, fetal or neonatal congenital abnormality, and unknown detailed information at onset of placental abruption were excluded. A composite of perinatal death and cerebral palsy or death at 18–36 months of corrected age was defined as the adverse outcome. The relationship between time‐intervals and the adverse outcome was analyzed.ResultsThe 45 subjects for analysis were divided into two groups, including a group with and without adverse outcome (poor, n = 8; and good, n = 37). TIME 1 was longer in the poor group (150 vs. 45 min, p < 0.001). A subgroup analysis targeted to 29 cases with preterm birth at the third trimester indicates that TIME 1 and TIME 2 were longer in the poor group (185 vs. 55 min, p = 0.02; and 211 vs. 125 min, p = 0.03), while TIME 3 was shorter in the poor group (21 vs. 53 min, p = 0.01).ConclusionsLong time‐intervals between onset and arrival or onset and delivery may be correlated with perinatal death or cerebral palsy in surviving infants affected by placental abruption.
Low molecular weight heparin treatment reduced apoptosis and oxidative cytotoxicity in the thrombocytes of patients with recurrent pregnancy loss and thrombophilia: Involvements of TRPM2 and TRPV1 channels
Authors: Dal Yusuf , Nazıroğlu Mustafa , Özkaya Mehmet Okan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimRecurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is known to be associated with increased thrombophilia and oxidative toxicity. However, the mechanism of thrombophilia apoptosis and oxidative toxicity is still unclear. In addition, the treatment of heparin induced regulator roles on intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and cytosolic reactive oxygen species (cytROS) concentrations in several diseases. TRPM2 and TRPV1 channels are activated by different stimuli, including oxidative toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) via modulation of TRPM2 and TRPV1 on calcium signaling, oxidative toxicity, and apoptosis in the thrombocytes of RPL patients.Study DesignThrombocyte and plasma samples collected from 10 patients with RPL and 10 healthy controls were used in the current study.Main FindingsThe [Ca2+]i concentration, cytROS (DCFH‐DA), mitochondrial membrane potential (JC‐1), apoptosis, caspase‐3, and caspase‐9 levels were high in the plasma and thrombocytes of RPL patients, although they were diminished by the treatments of LMWH, TRPM2 (N‐(p‐amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid) and TRPV1 (capsazepine) channel blockers.ConclusionsThe current study results suggest that the treatment of LMWH is useful against apoptotic cell death and oxidative toxicity in the thrombocytes of patients with RPL, which seem to be dependent on increased levels of [Ca2+]i concentration via the activation of TRPM2 and TRPV1.
Changes to same day discharge after minimally invasive hysterectomy throughout COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Sullivan Marie E. , Michel Lindsey C. , Wasser Thomas , Clark Mitchell , Chudnoff Scott , Andikyan Vaagn 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive hysterectomy is a common gynecologic procedure. Numerous studies have found that a same day discharge (SDD) is safe following this procedure. Research has found that SDDs decrease resource strain, nosocomial infections, and financial burden for both the patient and healthcare system. Due to the recent COVID‐19 pandemic, the safety of hospital admissions and elective surgeries was called into question.ObjectiveTo assess the rates of SDD among patients who underwent a minimally invasive hysterectomy before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Study DesignA retrospective chart review was performed from September 2018 to December 2020 on 521 patients, who met inclusion criteria. Descriptive analysis, chi‐square tests of association, and multivariable logistic regression were used for analysis.ResultsThere was a significant difference between rate of SDDs pre‐COVID‐19 (12.5%) versus during the COVID‐19 period (28.6%) (p < 0.001). Surgical complexity was predictive of not being discharged the same day of surgery (odds ratio [OR] = 4.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.2–8.8), as was surgical completion time after 4 p.m. (OR = 5.2, 95% CI = 1.1–25.2). There was no difference in readmissions (p = 0.209) and emergency department (ED) visits (p = 0.973) between SDD and overnight stay.ConclusionRates of SDD for patients undergoing minimally invasive hysterectomy were significantly increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic. SDDs are safe; the number of readmissions and ED visits did not increase among patients who were discharged on the same day.
Effect of persuasive messaging about COVID‐19 vaccines for 5‐ to 11‐year‐old children on parent intention to vaccinate
Authors: Kaufman Jessica , Steffens Maryke S , Hoq Monsurul , King Catherine , Marques Mathew D , Mao Kevin , Bullivant Bianca , Danchin Margie 
Published: February 2023

AimUptake of COVID‐19 vaccines for children aged 5–11 years old in Australia has plateaued. Persuasive messaging is an efficient and adaptable potential intervention to promote vaccine uptake, but evidence for its effectiveness is varied and dependent on context and cultural values. This study aimed to test persuasive messages to promote COVID‐19 vaccines for children in Australia.MethodsA parallel, online, randomised control experiment was conducted between 14 and 21 January 2022. Participants were Australian parents of a child aged 5–11 years who had not vaccinated their child with a COVID‐19 vaccine. After providing demographic details and level of vaccine hesitancy, parents viewed either the control message or one of four intervention texts emphasising (i) personal health benefits; (ii) community health benefits; (iii) non‐health benefits; or (iv) personal agency. The primary outcome was parents' intention to vaccinate their child.ResultsThe analysis included 463 participants, of whom 58.7% (272/463) were hesitant about COVID‐19 vaccines for children. Intention to vaccinate was higher in the community health (7.8%, 95% confidence interval (CI) −5.3% to 21.0%) and non‐health (6.9%, 95% CI −6.4% to 20.3%) groups, and lower in the personal agency group (−3.9, 95% CI −17.7 to 9.9) compared to control, but these differences did not reach statistical significance. The effects of the messages among hesitant parents were similar to the overall study population.ConclusionShort, text‐based messages alone are unlikely to influence parental intention to vaccinate their child with the COVID‐19 vaccine. Multiple strategies tailored for the target audience should also be utilised.
GPR40 deficiency worsens metabolic syndrome‐associated periodontitis in mice
Authors: Li Yanchun , Lu Zhongyang , Kirkwood Cameron L. , Kirkwood Keith L. , Wank Stephen A. , Li Ai‐Jun , Lopes‐Virella Maria F. , Huang Yan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveG protein‐coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is a receptor for medium‐ and long‐chain free fatty acids (FFAs). GPR40 activation improves type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and the complications of T2DM and MetS. Periodontitis, a common oral inflammatory disease initiated by periodontal pathogens, is another complication of T2DM and MetS. Since FFAs play a key role in the pathogenesis of MetS which exacerbates periodontal inflammation and GPR40 is a FFA receptor with anti‐inflammatory properties, it is important to define the role of GPR40 in MetS‐associated periodontitis.Materials and MethodsWe induced MetS and periodontitis by high‐fat diet and periodontal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), respectively, in wild‐type and GPR40‐deficient mice and determined alveolar bone loss and periodontal inflammation using micro‐computed tomography, histology, and osteoclast staining. We also performed in vitro study to determine the role of GPR40 in the expression of proinflammatory genes.ResultsThe primary outcome of the study is that GPR40 deficiency increased alveolar bone loss and enhanced osteoclastogenesis in control mice and the mice with both MetS and periodontitis. GPR40 deficiency also augmented periodontal inflammation in control mice and the mice with both MetS and periodontitis. Furthermore, GPR40 deficiency led to increased plasma lipids and insulin resistance in control mice but had no effect on the metabolic parameters in mice with MetS alone. For mice with both MetS and periodontitis, GPR40 deficiency increased insulin resistance. Finally, in vitro studies with macrophages showed that deficiency or inhibition of GPR40 upregulated proinflammatory genes while activation of GPR40 downregulated proinflammatory gene expression stimulated synergistically by LPS and palmitic acid.ConclusionGPR40 deficiency worsens alveolar bone loss and periodontal inflammation in mice with both periodontitis and MetS, suggesting that GPR40 plays a favorable role in MetS‐associated periodontitis. Furthermore, GPR40 deficiency or inhibition in macrophages further upregulated proinflammatory and pro‐osteoclastogenic genes induced by LPS and palmitic acid, suggesting that GPR40 has anti‐inflammatory and anti‐osteoclastogenic properties.
Consumer sleep technology for the screening of obstructive sleep apnea and snoring: current status and a protocol for a systematic review and meta‐analysis of diagnostic test accuracy
Authors: Pires Gabriel Natan , Arnardóttir Erna Sif , Islind Anna Sigridur , Leppänen Timo , McNicholas Walter T. 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThere are concerns about the validation and accuracy of currently available consumer sleep technology for sleep‐disordered breathing. The present report provides a background review of existing consumer sleep technologies and discloses the methods and procedures for a systematic review and meta‐analysis of diagnostic test accuracy of these devices and apps for the detection of obstructive sleep apnea and snoring in comparison with polysomnography. The search will be performed in four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library). Studies will be selected in two steps, first by an analysis of abstracts followed by full‐text analysis, and two independent reviewers will perform both phases. Primary outcomes include apnea–hypopnea index, respiratory disturbance index, respiratory event index, oxygen desaturation index, and snoring duration for both index and reference tests, as well as the number of true positives, false positives, true negatives, and false negatives for each threshold, as well as for epoch‐by‐epoch and event‐by‐event results, which will be considered for the calculation of surrogate measures (including sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy). Diagnostic test accuracy meta‐analyses will be performed using the Chu and Cole bivariate binomial model. Mean difference meta‐analysis will be performed for continuous outcomes using the DerSimonian and Laird random‐effects model. Analyses will be performed independently for each outcome. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will evaluate the effects of the types (wearables, nearables, bed sensors, smartphone applications), technologies (e.g., oximeter, microphone, arterial tonometry, accelerometer), the role of manufacturers, and the representativeness of the samples.
Assessment of peritubular capillary rarefaction in kidneys of cats with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Paschall Rene E. , Quimby Jessica M. , Cianciolo Rachel E. , McLeland Shannon M. , Lunn Katharine F. , Elliott Jonathan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundHypoxia is a key driver of fibrosis and is associated with capillary rarefaction in humans.ObjectivesCharacterize capillary rarefaction in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD).AnimalsArchival kidney tissue from 58 cats with CKD, 20 unaffected cats.MethodsCross‐sectional study of paraffin‐embedded kidney tissue utilizing CD31 immunohistochemistry to highlight vascular structures. Consecutive high‐power fields from the cortex (10) and corticomedullary junction (5) were digitally photographed. An observer counted and colored the capillary area. Image analysis was used to determine the capillary number, average capillary size, and average percent capillary area in the cortex and corticomedullary junction. Histologic scoring was performed by a pathologist masked to clinical data.ResultsPercent capillary area (cortex) was significantly lower in CKD (median 3.2, range, 0.8‐5.6) compared to unaffected cats (4.4, 1.8‐7.0; P = <.001) and was negatively correlated with serum creatinine concentrations (r = −.36, P = .0013), glomerulosclerosis (r = −0.39, P = <.001), inflammation (r = −.30, P = .009), and fibrosis (r = −.30, P = .007). Capillary size (cortex) was significantly lower in CKD cats (2591 pixels, 1184‐7289) compared to unaffected cats (4523 pixels, 1801‐7618; P = <.001) and was negatively correlated with serum creatinine concentrations (r = −.40, P = <.001), glomerulosclerosis (r = −.44, P < .001), inflammation (r = −.42, P = <.001), and fibrosis (r = −.38, P = <.001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCapillary rarefaction (decrease in capillary size and percent capillary area) is present in kidneys of cats with CKD and is positively correlated with renal dysfunction and histopathologic lesions.
Co‐optation without representation: The relationship between the Bolivian state and the indigenous organization CONAMAQ
Authors: Springerová Pavlína , Vališková Barbora 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe goal of this article is to examine the process of institutionalization of the Bolivian indigenous organization National Council of Ayllus and Markas of Qullasuyu from its birth until 2019, and its consequences on the dynamics of organization. This organization, as one of the key indigenous representatives in Bolivia, went through its internal crisis under the second Movement for Socialism government led by the president of indigenous origin Evo Morales Ayma. The division and demobilization of the organization in this crisis seems paradoxical considering Morales’ indigenous origin and the anticolonial programmatic agenda that resulted in increasing numbers of indigenous people in state power structures. This paradox of organization crisis in times of indigenous rule and increasing indigenous political representation will be explored by means of process tracing method, to explain the relationship between institutionalization of the organization and its dynamics. For that purpose, the differentiation between institutionalization (substantive representation) and co‐optation (descriptive representation) will be made to reveal if the demobilization of the National Council organization stems from the perceived effectiveness of institutional ways of representation in the sense of satisfying the organization's demands or was caused by state actors’ strategies to mitigate its challengers through co‐optation and patronage.
Institutional pragmatism of the Pacific Alliance: Does it favor a deep integration?
Authors: Tremolada Álvarez Eric 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article aims to establish whether the Pacific Alliance truly configures a pragmatic regionalization scheme in Latin America. It approaches the study of its Constitutive Treaty to interpret its provisions—in light of the economic and legal theories of integration—and addresses its developments, so we can consider if the member countries intend willfully to achieve a deep integration or if these plans are merely baseless statements. We analyze the ostentatious challenges imposed by the preamble and its attractive—or perhaps wishful—objectives. Then, we verify or question the institutional framework to determine if it is strong enough. Finally, we consider if the Alliance has legal personality as an international organization. The inevitable conclusion is that, despite the noble and lofty objectives laid out in the Constitutive Treaty of the Pacific Alliance, its member countries have made little to no effort to materialize them with each other or in their relationships with third‐party countries—observer countries and those located in the Asia‐Pacific region.