bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Gestational Age and Academic Achievement of Children Born at Term
Authors: Wehby George L. 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceDifferences in academic achievement by gestational age of children born at term, especially at 39 to 41 weeks, are not well understood.ObjectiveTo examine differences in academic achievement among children born between 37 and 41 weeks’ gestational age.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study linked birth certificates of children born in Iowa from 1989 to 2009 with school test scores for grades 2 to 11 from 2017 to 2018. Statistical analysis was performed from January to March 2023.ExposuresGestational age at 37, 38, 39, and 41 weeks vs 40 weeks from clinical or obstetric and calendar measures.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes were scores in national percentile rankings (NPRs) on standardized school tests in math and reading. Covariates included demographic and prenatal risk factors.ResultsThe sample included 536 996 children (50.7% male children and 49.3% female children) with math scores (3 576 045 child-grade observations; 6.6%, 15.7%, 28.6%, 35.5%, and 13.7% born at 37, 38, 39, 40, and 41 weeks, respectively) and 537 078 children with reading scores (3 590 408 child-grade observations). Score differences for those born at 39 vs 40 weeks were −0.028 NPRs (95% CI, −0.18 to 0.12 NPRs) for math and 0.085 NPRs (95% CI, −0.067 to 0.24 NPRs) for reading using the clinical or obstetric measure and 0.03 NPRs (95% CI, −0.14 to 0.20 NPRs) for math and 0.13 NPRs (95% CI, −0.042 to 0.31 NPRs) for reading using the calendar measure. With the clinical or obstetric measure, score differences between those born at 41 and 40 weeks were 0.19 NPRs (95% CI, −0.0052 to 0.38 NPRs) for math and 0.098 NPRs (95% CI, −0.096 to 0.29 NPRs) for reading. With the calendar measure, score differences for those born at 41 weeks were −0.22 NPRs (95% CI, −0.43 to −0.013 NPRs) for math and −0.28 NPRs (95% CI, −0.49 to −0.074 NPRs) for reading. With the clinical or obstetric measure, score differences between those born at 37 and 38 weeks vs 40 weeks were −0.59 NPRs (95% CI, −0.84 to −0.33 NPRs) and −0.44 NPRs (95% CI, −0.62 to −0.26 NPRs), respectively, for math, and −0.066 NPRs (95% CI, −0.32 to 0.19 NPRs) and −0.19 NPRs (95% CI, −0.37 to 0.0038 NPRs), respectively, for reading.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study suggests that there is no evidence of a difference in math and reading scores over grades 2 to 11 among children born between 39 and 40 weeks’ gestation, and overall no evidence of better scores among those born at 41 weeks’ gestation compared with 40 weeks’ gestation. The results can further inform decisions on delivery timing at term birth by offering insights into long-term associations of delivery timing with cognitive development and school achievement.
Smartphone-Based Video Antenatal Preterm Birth Education
Authors: Flynn Kathryn E. , McDonnell Siobhan M. , Brazauskas Ruta , Ahamed S. Iqbal , McIntosh Jennifer J. , Pitt Michael B. , Pizur-Barnekow Kris , Kim U. Olivia , Kruper Abbey , Leuthner Steven R. , Basir Mir A. 
Published: July 2023

ImportancePreterm birth is a leading cause of infant mortality and child morbidity. Preterm birth is not always unexpected, yet standard prenatal care does not offer anticipatory education to parents at risk of delivering preterm, which leaves parents unprepared to make health care choices during the pregnancy that can improve survival and decrease morbidity in case of preterm birth.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of the Preemie Prep for Parents (P3) program on maternal knowledge of preterm birth, preparation for decision-making, and anxiety.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsRecruitment for this randomized clinical trial conducted at a US academic medical center took place from February 3, 2020, to April 12, 2021. A total of 120 pregnant persons with a risk factor for preterm birth were enrolled between 16 and 21 weeks’ gestational age and followed up through pregnancy completion.InterventionStarting at 18 weeks’ gestational age, P3 program participants received links delivered via text message to 51 gestational age–specific short animated videos. Control participants received links to patient education webpages from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAt 25 weeks’ gestation, scores on the Parent Prematurity Knowledge Questionnaire (scored as percent correct), Preparation for Decision Making Scale (scored 0-100), and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anxiety computerized adaptive test. Analysis was based on an intention to treat.ResultsA total of 120 pregnant participants (mean [SD] age, 32.5 [4.9] years) were included in the study; 60 participants were randomized to each group. Participants in the P3 group scored higher than those in the control group on knowledge of long-term outcomes at 25 weeks (88.5% vs 73.2%; estimated difference, 15.3 percentage points; 95% CI, 8.3-22.5 percentage points; P &amp;lt; .001). Participants in the P3 group reported being significantly more prepared than did participants in the control group for neonatal resuscitation decision-making at 25 weeks (Preparation for Decision Making Scale score, 76.0 vs 52.3; difference, 23.7; 95% CI, 14.1-33.2). There was no difference between the P3 group and the control group in anxiety at 25 weeks (mean [SE] PROMIS Anxiety scores, 53.8 [1.1] vs 54.0 [1.1]; difference, −0.1; 95% CI, −3.2 to 2.9).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, pregnant persons randomly assigned to the P3 program had more knowledge of core competencies and were more prepared to make decisions that affect maternal and infant health, without experiencing worse anxiety. Mobile antenatal preterm birth education may provide a unique benefit to parents with preterm birth risk factors.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04093492
Ultrafast Plasmonic Hot Hole Transfer and Plasmon Dynamics in a Dual Plasmonic Au@p‐Cu2−xSe Heterostructure
Authors: Sachdeva Manvi , Ghorai Nandan , Kharbanda Nitika , Ghosh Hirendra N. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMetal‐semiconductor heterostructures have significant potential in harvesting plasmon induced hot charge carriers for photocatalytic and photovoltaic devices. Despite numerous studies, the field of hot hole transfer in heterostructures remains unexplored. In this work, the plasmon dynamics of a dual plasmonic core–shell Au@p‐Cu2−xSe heterostructure are investigated with the aid of femtosecond broadband pump probe spectroscopy. Ultrafast studies reveal that hot holes generated within the d and sp band after 400 and 800 nm excitations are injected from Au to copper selenide. Hot hole transfer substantially reduces the transient signal intensity and electron phonon relaxation time for Au plasmon. Increment in the transient signal intensity and slower kinetics for the semiconducting plasmon of Au@Cu2−xSe validate the hot hole transfer in the valence band of copper selenide. Fluence dependent studies reveal that d band hot holes extraction is more efficient than that of sp band hot holes.
Craniomaxillofacial trauma in war‐torn nations: Incidence, management gaps, and recommendations
Authors: Adebusoye Favour Tope , Awuah Wireko Andrew , Alshareefy Yasir , Wellington Jack , Mani Shyamal , Ahmad Amal Olabisi , Tenkorang Pearl Ohenewaa , Abdul‐Rahman Toufik , Denys Ovechkin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCraniomaxillofacial trauma (CMFT) is a type of injury that affects the face, neck, and scalp, and includes facial bone fractures, dentoalveolar trauma, and soft tissue injuries. Work, traffic accidents, sports, and daily activities commonly cause these injuries. However, they are widespread in war‐torn countries where armed conflict leads to a high incidence of CMFT. The lack of resources, health care infrastructure, and surgical personnel in these areas result in subpar treatment and poor patient outcomes, contributing to the high mortality and morbidity rates among war victims. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach to CMFT management cannot be overstated, but current obstacles, such as a lack of access to proper medical care and rehabilitation services, impede the development of effective treatments. CMFT treatment is complex and prohibitively expensive for war‐torn nations to afford, necessitating international intervention to provide life‐saving surgical procedures for those suffering from CMFT in conflict zones. Despite efforts to improve CMFT treatments in war‐torn countries, more must be done to improve treatment outcomes. Data collection and research must also be improved in order to develop effective evidence‐based treatment methods.
Effects of surgery versus radiotherapy in patients with localized prostate cancer in terms of urinary, bowel, and sexual domains
Authors: Yu Chao , Yao Jie , He Yujing , Huang Jianing , Chen Meiling , Qian Mingxia , Lou Dandi , Zhou Zhizhen , Chen Feng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with localized prostate cancer (LPCa) after treatment mainly surgery and radiotherapy (RT) has received increasing attention. The aim of this study is to compare the HRQoL of LPCa after surgery and RT.MethodsWeb of Science, Embase, PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched after January 2000 to observe the HRQoL scores after surgery and RT at different treatment time points.ResultsA total of 28 studies were included in this study, and the results showed that LPCa received surgery had better bowel scores than RT at ≤3 (weighted mean differences [WMD] = 4.18; p = 0.03), 3–6 (WMD = 4.16; p < 0.001), 6–12 (WMD = 2.99; p = 0.004), 24–60 (WMD = 1.87; p = 0.06), and ≥60 (WMD = 4.54; p = 0.02) months. However, LPCa received RT had higher urinary scores at ≤3 (WMD = −7.39; p = 0.02), 3–6 (WMD = −6.03; p = 0.02), 6–12 (WMD = −4.90; p < 0.001), 24–60 (WMD = −3.96; p < 0.001), ≥60 (WMD = −2.95; p < 0.001) months and had better sexual scores at ≤3 (WMD = −13.58; p = 0.09), 3–6 (WMD = −12.32; p = 0.06), 6–12 (WMD = −12.03; p = 0.002), 24–60 (WMD = −11.29; p < 0.001), and ≥60 (WMD = −3.10; p = 0.46) months than surgery. The scores difference between surgery and RT decreased over time.ConclusionOverall, for LPCa, surgery was associated with better HRQoL in the bowel domain, whereas RT was associated with better HRQoL in the urinary and sexual domains, with the difference between surgery and RT narrowing over time.
Highly Functionalized SWCNTs with a Dopamine Derivative as a Support for Pd Nanoparticles: A Recyclable Catalyst for the Reduction of Nitro Compounds and the Heck Reaction
Authors: Campisciano Vincenzo , Valentino Laura , Laura Alfieri Maria , La Parola Valeria , Napolitano Alessandra , Giacalone Francesco , Gruttadauria Michelangelo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSingle‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were functionalized with a dopamine derivative in which the amine group was converted to azide (dopamine azide). The direct reaction of SWCNTs and dopamine azide in o‐dichlorobenzene at high temperature (160 °C) led to very highly functionalized CNTs (≈60 wt.%). Surprisingly, despite this high degree of functionalization, Raman spectroscopy detected a low disruption of the π‐network of the carbonaceous support. This finding was justified by the rehybridization from sp3 to sp2 of the sidewall carbon atoms of CNTs involved in the functionalization process. Further characterization by means of different techniques such as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allowed to shed some light on the chemical composition and morphology of the obtained material. Moreover, the estimation of the total content of phenolic units and their reducing potential after CNTs functionalization was also assessed using Folin and Ciocalteu and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl hydrazide (DPPH) assays. The functionalization of CNTs was exploited to immobilize palladium(II) species that were subsequently reduced with NaBH4 leading to the formation of Pd nanoparticles (NPs). The so obtained hybrid material was used as a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the reduction of nitro compounds and the Heck reaction.
An Exploration of the Hydrogen Bond Donor Ability of Ammonia
Authors: Pal Dhritabrata , Chakraborty Shamik 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAmmonia is an important molecule due to its wide use in the fertiliser industry. It is also used in aminolysis reactions. Theoretical studies of the reaction mechanism predict that in reactive complexes and transition states, ammonia acts as a hydrogen bond donor forming N−H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bond. Experimental reports of N−H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bond, where ammonia acts as a hydrogen bond donor are scarce. Herein, the hydrogen bond donor ability of ammonia is investigated with three chalcogen atomsi. e. O, S, and Se using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and electronic structure calculations. In addition, the chalcogen bond acceptor ability of ammonia has also been investigated. The hydrogen bond acceptor molecules used here are O(CH3)2, S(CH3)2, and Se(CH3)2. The formation of the 1 : 1 complex has been monitored in the N−H symmetric and anti‐symmetric stretching modes of ammonia. The nature of the complex has been delineated using Atoms in Molecules analysis, Natural Bond Orbital analysis, and Energy Decomposition Analysis. This work presents the first comparison of the hydrogen bond donor ability of ammonia with O, S, and Se.
Performance of Afirma genomic sequencing classifier and histopathological outcome in Bethesda category III thyroid nodules: Initial versus repeat fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Jin Xiaobing , Lew Madelyn , Pantanowitz Liron , Iyengar Jennifer J. , Haymart Megan R. , Papaleontiou Maria , Broome David , Sandouk Zahrae , Raja Sobia S. , Hughes David T. , Smola Brian , Jing Xin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited data comparing the performance of Afirma Genomic Sequencing Classifier (GSC) in thyroid nodules carrying an initial versus a repeat diagnosis of atypia of undetermined significance (AUS). This study reported an institutional experience in this regard.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study included consecutive thyroid nodules that had an initial or a repeat AUS diagnosis and had a subsequent GSC diagnostic result (benign or suspicious) from 2017 to 2021. All nodules were followed by surgical intervention or by clinical and/or ultrasound monitoring. GSC's benign call rate (BCR), rate of histology‐proven malignancy associated with a suspicious GSC result, and diagnostic parameters of GSC were calculated and compared between the two cohorts (initial versus repeat AUS). Statistical significance was defined with a p‐value of <.05 for all analysis.ResultsA total of 202 cases fulfilled inclusion criteria, including 67 and 135 thyroid nodules with an initial and a repeat AUS diagnosis, respectively. BCR was 67% and 66% in initial and repeat AUS cohorts, respectively. Rate of histology‐proven malignancy associated with a suspicious GSC result were 22% and 24% in initial and repeat AUS cohorts, respectively. Compared with the repeat AUS cohort, the initial AUS cohort showed slightly lower sensitivity (83% vs. 100%), specificity (70% vs. 73%), PPV (23% vs. 24%), NPV (98% vs. 100%), and diagnostic accuracy (72% vs. 75%). Nevertheless, these differences did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionGSC demonstrated comparable performance in thyroid nodules with a repeat AUS diagnosis versus nodules with an initial AUS diagnosis.
Statistical mapping and data collection of critical equipment failures in the weaving section of textile manufacturing
Authors: Kipchumba Bett Brian , Chemweno Peter , Ochola Jerry , Nganyi Eric Oyondi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe study's foundation was a scenario analysis of a textile mill's weaving department, with the goal of determining the necessity of a reliable and comprehensive plan for scheduling maintenance time. According to the background information and problem statement, incidents of Run failure maintenance and lengthy downtime (up to 60 days) undermine the machines' availability. The desired efficiency and production are 90% and 194.76 m, respectively; however, the preliminary results indicated less. This indicated a gap that must be closed by implementing regular and appropriate maintenance plans. Additionally, the incoherent and inconsistencies points at a lack of an efficient maintenance plan. It was established that the current strategy is not optimized and does not ensure machine availability because there are disparities and irregularities in the maintenance of crucial equipment. The objective of the study was to map out the critical equipment and collect data on the number and time between failures encountered in the weaving section of the textile manufacturing processes. Failure mode and effect analysis and fish‐bone diagram were used in the analysis of the data. Mapping results indicated downtime up to 60 days, the productivity was estimated at 194.76 m, and efficiency was 90%. The results showed that the critical equipment were the essential piece of machinery in the production line of a textile mill.
Mineral composition, the profile of phenolic compounds, organic acids, sugar and in vitro antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial activity of organic extracts of Juniperus drupacea fruits
Authors: Akbulut Hatice Feyza , Akbulut Mehmet 
Published: July 2023

AbstractJuniperus drupacea fruit is widely used in traditional and complementary medicine in Turkey for the treatment of different diseases in various forms such as molasses and tar. This study was carried out to evaluate the phenolic compounds, organic acid, sugar, and macro‐ and micromineral distributions of methanol and water extracts of J. drupace fruit, as well as their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. For this purpose, total phenolic content by spectrophotometer, phenolics, organic acids, and sugars distributions by HPLC in extracts of J. drupacea fruits, and macro‐ and micromineral element content by ICP‐AES in fruit were determined. 2,2‐diphenyl‐l‐picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH assay) was used to evaluate in vitro antioxidant activity in extracts. The antimicrobial potential of J. drupacea fruit methanol extract against some gram‐positive and gram‐negative pathogenic bacteria was evaluated using disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. The potassium macroelement and the iron microelement were found at high content in J. drupacea fruit. The total phenolic content in the methanol extracts was higher than the water extracts. Among the individual phenolic compounds, catechin, a flavonoid that was the highest in both extractions, was determined as 300.49 μg/g in methanol extract and 314.88 μg/g in water extract. DPPH scavenging activity was higher in methanol extracts. While the methanol extract of J. drupacea had no‐inhibitory effect on the gram‐negative bacteria tested, it exhibited a strong inhibition on the gram‐positive bacteria Listeria innocua, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus carnosus, and Enterococcus faecalis.
A new joint reconstruction technique in the treatment of giant cell tumors around the knee: Structural allograft and unicompartmental arthroplasty
Authors: Liu Sikai , Zhang Bingshi , Zhang Binquan , Liu Yawei , Chen Xiao , Li Mengnan , Liu Bo , Huo Jia , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Han Yongtai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe long‐term prognosis of patients who underwent unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) with a structural allograft or hemiarticular allograft transplantation to treat giant cell tumors (GCTs) around the knee and the prosthesis survival rate were analyzed.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 73 patients who were diagnosed with GCTs around the knee and underwent surgery to restore joint function from 2000 to 2015. Patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical procedure used for functional knee reconstruction: hemiarticular allograft transplantation or structural allograft and UKA. The Knee Society Score (KSS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) were used to analyze postoperative knee function between the two groups. The Kellgren‐Lawrence (K–L) classification system was used to evaluate the progression of osteoarthritis. The incidence of complications and the prosthesis survival rate were also investigated.ResultsPatients who underwent UKA to treat GCT demonstrated significantly improved knee function. The rate of an excellent or good KSS was significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.041 at the 1‐year follow‐up, p = 0.033 at the last follow‐up). The proportion of severe cases according to WOMAC in the two groups was also different (p = 0.030 at the 1‐year follow‐up, p = 0.021 at the last follow‐up). According to the K–L grade of unaffected compartments, UKA better prevented the progression of osteoarthritis (p = 0.034).ConclusionsPatients with GCTs around the knee could benefit from UKA. In addition to providing better knee function and range of motion, UKA could also slow the progression of osteoarthritis in the knee joint. This new surgical method could meet the needs of patients wishing to preserve joint integrity and favorable joint function.
Quantitative analysis of small coronary artery calcium detectability with an accurate simulation and validation on a clinical CT scanner
Authors: Severance Lauren M. , Pack Jed D. , Contijoch Francisco J. , McVeigh Elliot R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe absence of coronary artery calcium (CAC) measured via CT is associated with very favorable prognosis, and current guidelines recommend low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c) lowering therapy for individuals with any CAC. This motivates early detection of small granules of CAC; however, calcium scan sensitivity for detecting very low levels of calcium has not been quantified.PurposeIn this work, the size limit of detectability of small calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) granules with clinical CAC scanning was assessed using validated simulations.MethodsCT projections of digital 3D mathematical phantoms containing small CaHA granules were simulated analytically; images were reconstructed using a filter designed to reproduce the point spread function of a specific commercial scanner, and a relationship of HU number versus diameter was derived. These simulation results were validated with experimental measurements of HU versus diameter from phantoms containing small granules of CaHA on a GE Revolution CT scanner in the clinic; ground truth measurements of the CaHA granule diameters were obtained using a Zeiss Xradia 510 Versa high‐resolution 3D micro‐CT imaging system. Using experimental measurements on the clinical CT scanner, detectability was quantified with a detectability index (d’) using a non‐prewhitened matched filter. The effect of changes to reconstruction slice thickness and reconstruction kernel on granule detectability was evaluated.ResultsUnder typical clinical calcium scanning and reconstruction conditions, the minimum detectable diameter of a simulated spherical calcium granule with a clinically relevant CaHA density was 0.76 mm. The minimum detectable volume was 2.4 times smaller on images reconstructed at a slice thickness of 0.625 mm compared to 2.5 mm. The detectability index d’ increased by a factor of 1.7 when images were reconstructed with 0.625 mm slices compared to 2.5 mm slices. d’ did not change when images were reconstructed with the high‐resolution BONE filter compared to the less sharp STANDARD resolution filter on the GE Revolution CT.ConclusionsWe have quantified detectability versus size of small calcium granules at the resolution limit of a widely available clinical CT scanner. Detectability increased significantly with reduced slice thickness and did not change with a sharper reconstruction kernel. The simulation can be used to calculate the trade‐off between dose and CAC detectability. Keywords: computed tomography, coronary artery calcium, CAC, cardiac imaging