bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bumblebee flower constancy and pollen diversity over time
Authors: Yourstone Johanna , Varadarajan Vidula , Olsson Ola 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Bees often focus their foraging effort on a few or even a single flower species, even if other equally rewarding flower species are present. Although this phenomenon—called flower constancy—has been widely documented during single foraging trips, it is largely unknown if the behavior persists over longer time periods, especially under field conditions with large temporal variations of resources. We studied the pollen diet of individuals from nine different Bombus terrestris colonies for up to 6 weeks, to investigate flower constancy and pollen diversity of individuals and colonies, and how these change over time. We expected high degrees of flower constancy and foraging consistency over time, based on foraging theory and previous studies. Instead, we found that only 23% of the pollen foraging trips were flower constant. The fraction of constant pollen samples did not change over the study period, although repeatedly sampled individuals that were flower constant once often showed different preferences at other sampling occasions. The similarity of pollen composition in samples collected by the same individuals at different occasions dropped with time. This suggests that the flower preferences change in response to shifting floral resources. The average diversity of pollen from single foraging trips was around 2.5 pollen types, while the colony-level pollen diversity was about three times higher. How rapidly preferences change in response to shifting resources, and if this differs between and within bee species depending on factors such as size, should be the focus of future research.
Estimation of non-equilibrium transition rate from gene expression data
Authors: Chen Feng , Bai Yubo , Li Chunhe 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The dynamical properties of many complex physical and biological systems can be quantified from the energy landscape theory. Previous approaches focused on estimating the transition rate from landscape reconstruction based on data. However, for general non-equilibrium systems (such as gene regulatory systems), both the energy landscape and the probability flux are important to determine the transition rate between attractors. In this work, we proposed a data-driven approach to estimate non-equilibrium transition rate, which combines the kernel density estimation and non-equilibrium transition rate theory. Our approach shows superior performance in estimating transition rate from data, compared with previous methods, due to the introduction of a nonparametric density estimation method and the new saddle point by considering the effects of flux. We demonstrate the practical validity of our approach by applying it to a simplified cell fate decision model and a high-dimensional stem cell differentiation model. Our approach can be applied to other biological and physical systems.
Transcranial direct current stimulation for post-COVID fatigue: a randomized, double-blind, controlled pilot study
Authors: Oliver-Mas Silvia , Delgado-Alonso Cristina , Delgado-Álvarez Alfonso , Díez-Cirarda María , Cuevas Constanza , Fernández-Romero Lucía , Matias-Guiu Andreu , Valles-Salgado María , Gil-Martínez Lidia , Gil-Moreno María José , Yus Miguel , Matias-Guiu Jorge , Matias-Guiu Jordi A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Fatigue is one of the most frequent and disabling symptoms of the post-COVID syndrome. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on fatigue severity in a group of patients with post-COVID syndrome and chronic fatigue. We conducted a double-blind, parallel-group, sham-controlled study to evaluate the short-term effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (2 mA, 20 min/day) on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The modified fatigue impact scale score was used as the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints included cognition (Stroop test), depressive symptoms (Beck depression inventory) and quality of life (EuroQol-5D). Patients received eight sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation and were evaluated at baseline, immediately after the last session, and one month later. Forty-seven patients were enrolled (23 in the active treatment group and 24 in the sham treatment group); the mean age was 45.66 ± 9.49 years, and 37 (78.72%) were women. The mean progression time since the acute infection was 20.68 ± 6.34 months. Active transcranial direct current stimulation was associated with a statistically significant improvement in physical fatigue at the end of treatment and 1 month as compared with sham stimulation. No significant effect was detected for cognitive fatigue. In terms of secondary outcomes, active transcranial direct current stimulation was associated with an improvement in depressive symptoms at the end of treatment. The treatment had no effects on the quality of life. All the adverse events reported were mild and transient, with no differences between the active stimulation and sham stimulation groups. In conclusion, our results suggest that transcranial direct current stimulation on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may improve physical fatigue. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and optimize stimulation protocols.
Immunogenicity of the BA.1 and BA.4/BA.5 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Bivalent Boosts: Preliminary Results From the COVAIL Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Branche Angela R , Rouphael Nadine G , Losada Cecilia , Baden Lindsey R , Anderson Evan J , Luetkemeyer Anne F , Diemert David J , Winokur Patricia L , Presti Rachel M , Kottkamp Angelica C , Falsey Ann R , Frey Sharon E , Rupp Richard , Bäcker Martín , Novak Richard M , Walter Emmanuel B , Jackson Lisa A , Little Susan J , Immergluck Lilly C , Mahgoub Siham M , Whitaker Jennifer A , Babu Tara M , Goepfert Paul A , Fusco Dahlene N , Atmar Robert L , Posavad Christine M , Netzl Antonia , Smith Derek J , Telu Kalyani , Mu Jinjian , Makowski Mat , Makhene Mamodikoe K , Crandon Sonja , Montefiori David C , Roberts Paul C , Beigel John H 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In a randomized clinical trial, we compare early neutralizing antibody responses after boosting with bivalent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines based on either BA.1 or BA.4/BA.5 Omicron spike protein combined with wild-type spike. Responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants exhibited the greatest reduction in titers against currently circulating Omicron subvariants for both bivalent vaccines.
A case report of an unusual cause of increased impedance after generator exchange
Authors: Feldman Daniel R , Kiessling Mark H , Sangha Rajbir S 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Remote monitoring has emerged as a complement to in-person care for patient with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). It provides the care team with information about device integrity, programming issues, or other medical data (i.e. arrhythmias) and since 2015 has been recognized as a part of standard management by the Heart and Rhythm Society for all patients with CIEDs. However, while it can provide invaluable information to providers, the volume of generated data can increase the risk of oversight. We present a novel case of apparent device malfunction that on closer scrutiny was obvious, but provides a lesson in the mechanisms by which data can be artifactual.

Case summary
A 62-year-old male presented after his cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator (CRT-D) alerted him that his device was at an elective replacement interval (ERI). He underwent an uncomplicated generator exchange; however, 2 weeks later, a remote alert showed that his device was at ERI and all impedances were above the upper limit. Device interrogation the following day demonstrated that the new device was functioning appropriately and his home monitor had in fact paired with his old generator. He obtained a new home monitor, and subsequent remote transmissions have demonstrated that his device is functioning appropriately.

Discussion
This case demonstrates the importance of careful review of details from home-monitoring data. While concerning for device malfunction, there could be alternative causes when alerts are generated by remote monitoring. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this mechanism of alert via a home-monitoring device and should be considered when reviewing unusual remote download data.
Failure frequency of fixed mandibular retainers after pre-treatment of the enamel surface with pumice versus sandblasting—a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Padula Tommaso , Wilhelmsson Teresia , Naoumova Julia 
Published: April 2023

SummaryBackground/ObjectivesTo compare retainer survival, periodontal health, and caries implications of fixed lower retainers bonded after pre-treatment of the enamel surface with either pumice or sandblasting.Trial designTwo-arm parallel-group, two-center randomized controlled clinical trial.MethodsOne hundred sixty patients (101 females, 59 males, mean age: 17.9) requiring mandibular retainers were consecutively recruited. Patients were randomly allocated to have pre-treatment of the enamel surface with either pumice (n = 80) or sandblasting (n = 80). The primary outcome was retainer survival at 3 (T1) and 12 months (T2) control. Secondary outcomes were carious lesions and periodontal health: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), calculus index (CI), and probing depth (PD). The randomization sequence was generated using an online randomization and allocation concealment was secured by contacting the sequence generator for treatment assignment. Blinding was not possible at T0 due to the nature of the intervention. Statistical analyses were carried out using the t-test, Fisher’s exact test, repeated measure analysis of variance, and log rank test.ResultsOverall, the risk of bonding failure at T1 was 6.7 per cent and at T2 6.9 per cent. There were no statistically significant differences in failure rate between the two groups, neither at T1 (P = 1.000) nor at T2 (P = 0.360). No statistically significant differences were found for the intercanine periodontal indices GI, PI, CI, PD, and caries between the two groups at T0 and T1. At T2, significantly more gingivitis and plaque were seen in the sandblasting group (P = 0.05 and P = 0.047, respectively) compared with the pumice group. Calculus increased during the follow-up period in both groups (P ≤ 0.001) as well as plaque levels (P ≤ 0.001 and P = 0.025, respectively). No harm was reported.ConclusionsEnamel sandblasting prior to bonding mandibular retainers is not better at preventing bonding failure.Registration275767 (https://www.researchweb.org/is/sverige).
Population genomics reveals demographic history and selection signatures of hazelnut (Corylus)
Authors: Yang Zhen , Ma Wenxu , Wang Lujun , Yang Xiaohong , Zhao Tiantian , Liang Lisong , Wang Guixi , Ma Qinghua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHazelnut (Corylus spp.) is known as one of the four famous tree nuts in the world due to its pleasant taste and nutritional benefits. However, hazelnut promotion worldwide is increasingly challenged by global climate change, limiting its production to a few regions. Focusing on the eurytopic Section Phyllochlamys, we conducted whole-genome resequencing of 125 diverse accessions from five geo-ecological zones in Eurasia to elucidate the genomic basis of adaptation and improvement. Population structure inference outlined five distinct genetic lineages corresponding to climate conditions and breeding background, and highlighted the differentiation between European and Asian lineages. Demographic dynamics and ecological niche modeling revealed that Pleistocene climatic oscillations dominantly shaped the extant genetic patterns, and multiple environmental factors have contributed to the lineage divergence. Whole-genome scans identified 279, 111, and 164 selective sweeps that underlie local adaptation in Corylus heterophylla, Corylus kweichowensis, and Corylus yunnanensis, respectively. Relevant positively selected genes were mainly involved in regulating signaling pathways, growth and development, and stress resistance. The improvement signatures of hybrid hazelnut were concentrated in 312 and 316 selected genes, when compared to C. heterophylla and Corylus avellana, respectively, including those that regulate protein polymerization, photosynthesis, and response to water deprivation. Among these loci, 22 candidate genes were highly associated with the regulation of biological quality. Our study provides insights into evolutionary processes and the molecular basis of how sibling species adapt to contrasting environments, and offers valuable resources for future climate-resilient breeding.
Subtle, hidden, and far-off: The intertextuality of the Yogasūtras
Authors: Forman Jed 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Modern scholarship discusses ‘Buddhist influences’ on the Patañjali’s Yogasūtras (YS). Indeed, Patañjali borrowed key Buddhist concepts, particularly from Yogācāra. But this borrowing does not evince that the YS is just ‘crypto-Buddhism’. In fact, during the first millennium CE, the YS was equally influential on Buddhist thinkers. I make this argument by focusing on YS 3.25, which discusses the yogic ability to see subtle (sūkṣma), hidden (vyavahita), and far-off (viprakṛṣṭa) objects. Tracing textual occurrences of these three words, I use this stable mimetic trope to demonstrate the influence of YS on Buddhist, Nyāya, and Vaiśeṣika writings. This influence is all the more interesting given that Buddhists explicitly disagree with many of the theoretical suppositions latent in YS 3.25. I demonstrate that despite this theoretical disagreement, Buddhists make ample use of YS 3.25. This paper thus complicates any clear direction of influence between Buddhist and Hindu traditions, and further questions the cogency of strict delineations between different philosophical schools. I also offer the method used in this paper as a novel approach to textual exegesis. By focusing on stable textual memes and tracing their occurrences across sources, we gain a powerful method to more deeply plumb India's rich intertextual intellectual history.
What should students be able to do? Helping students recognize professional skills in our courses
Authors: Yahnke Christopher J , Lanier Hayley , Flaherty Elizabeth A , Varner Johanna , Munroe Karen , Duggan Jennifer M , Erb Liesl , Dizney Laurie , Connors Patrice K 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhile the traditional goals of undergraduate courses are often content-based, the development of career-readiness and professional skills, such as those listed by the National Association of Colleges and Employers, are increasingly recognized as important learning outcomes. As Mammalogy courses embrace more hands-on learning activities, they provide the opportunity to embed these professional skills, which are directly relevant to many careers in science. For example, many Mammalogy courses may include projects that incorporate experimental design and data analysis that focus on quantitative literacy, in addition to technical skills including small mammal trapping and handling, or preparing voucher specimens, that focus on problem-solving and attention to detail. Here, we review the professional skills that can be developed through a Mammalogy course and evaluate evidence-based approaches to build those skills into our courses. One approach, using Course-based Undergraduate Research Experiences (CUREs), provides opportunities for both student skill development and instructor research program development. Because they invite students to participate in authentic scientific inquiry—from study design and data collection, to analysis and reporting of results—students participating in CUREs reported significant gains in their comfort with several important professional skills, including conducting field procedures, formulating and analyzing data, normalizing failure, and attempting new procedures on their own. Finally, we review the literature to demonstrate how active learning approaches inherent in CUREs can help students to build familiarity with technologies and techniques for collecting and assessing data from wild mammal populations, as well as to build important professional skills such as teamwork, leadership, problem-solving, and written and oral communication.
The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and the Forest Service: Insights for Local Job Creation and Equity from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
Authors: Charnley Susan , Davis Emily Jane , Schelhas John 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe USDA Forest Service received $5.447 billion in funding from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law of 2021, providing substantial funding to support implementation of the agency’s 2022 Wildfire Crisis Strategy between fiscal years 2022 and 2026. This article examines how the agency might enhance local job creation and equity while conducting wildfire risk reduction and ecosystem restoration under the strategy using these funds. It does this by drawing on five key findings from a socioeconomic assessment of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) that are applicable today. The ARRA provided the Forest Service with $1.15 billion for wildfire, restoration, and infrastructure projects to foster job creation in counties most affected by the economic recession of 2007–2009. In addition to insights from the ARRA, we highlight the importance of considering job quality, the meaning of equity in local job creation, and characteristics of today’s forest management businesses and workforces.
Proton beam therapy for gliomas: a multicenter prospective registry study from all proton beam facilities in Japan
Authors: Mori Takashi , Mizumoto Masashi , Maebayashi Katsuya , Nishioka Kentaro , Arakawa Yoshiki , Kurozumi Kazuhiko , Yasuda Koichi , Sumiya Taisuke , Tamamura Hiroyasu , Sato Yoshitaka , Waki Takahiro , Takagi Masaru , Takada Yu , Okimoto Tomoaki , Murakami Masao , Kikuchi Yasuhiro , Okada Kazufumi , Ito Yoichi M , Akimoto Tetsuo , Aoyama Hidefumi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We reviewed the outcomes of glioma patients enrolled in a prospective observational registry study of proton beam therapy (PBT) in Japan. The inclusion criteria were glioma patients registered in the Electronic Data Capture system, the Proton-net, between May 2016 and July 2019. Data on patient characteristics, treatments, late adverse events, survival status, recurrence and secondary tumors were extracted and statistically analyzed. The primary endpoint was the overall survival (OS) rate, and the secondary endpoints were the progression-free survival (PFS) rate and cumulative local recurrence rate (cLRR). Of the 65 primary brain tumor patients registered, 29 glioma patients from eight of 19 PBT facilities met the inclusion criteria. There were 19 glioblastoma patients, eight of other malignant gliomas, and two of low-grade gliomas. For glioblastomas, with a median follow-up period of 16 months, the median survival time was 21.2 months and the OS at 1, 2, 3 and 4 years were 77.4%, 44.9%, 23.9% and 23.9%, respectively. The median PFS period was 10.1 months, the 1, 2, 3 and 4-year PFS were 32.4%, 19.4%, 9.7% and 9.7%, respectively. The 1, 2, 3 and 4-year cLRR were 56.1%, 68.8%, 78.4 and 78.4%, respectively. Grade 3 brain necrosis was observed in two patients. No secondary tumor was observed. This is the first report on the current status of PBT for gliomas in Japan. For glioblastomas, the outcomes of PBT are estimated to be equivalent to historical data of photon therapy. The results of a prospective comparative evaluation of PBT and photon therapy are awaited.
Unravelling interlanguage facts via explainable machine learning
Authors: Berti Barbara , Esuli Andrea , Sebastiani Fabrizio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNative language identification (NLI) is the task of training (via supervised machine learning) a classifier that guesses the native language of the author of a text. This task has been extensively researched in the last decade, and the performance of NLI systems has steadily improved over the years. We focus on a different facet of the NLI task, i.e. that of analysing the internals of an NLI classifier trained by an explainable machine learning (EML) algorithm, in order to obtain explanations of its classification decisions, with the ultimate goal of gaining insight into which linguistic phenomena ‘give a speaker’s native language away’. We use this perspective in order to tackle both NLI and a (much less researched) companion task, i.e. guessing whether a text has been written by a native or a non-native speaker. Using three datasets of different provenance (two datasets of English learners’ essays and a dataset of social media posts), we investigate which kind of linguistic traits (lexical, morphological, syntactic, and statistical) are most effective for solving our two tasks, namely, are most indicative of a speaker’s L1; our experiments indicate that the most discriminative features are the lexical ones, followed by the morphological, syntactic, and statistical features, in this order. We also present two case studies, one on Italian and one on Spanish learners of English, in which we analyse individual linguistic traits that the classifiers have singled out as most important for spotting these L1s; we show that the traits identified as most discriminative well align with our intuition, i.e. represent typical patterns of language misuse, underuse, or overuse, by speakers of the given L1. Overall, our study shows that the use of EML can be a valuable tool for the scholar who investigates interlanguage facts and language transfer.
Neurosurgical Consultation Referral from the Forces: Regarding 328 Patients Referred to the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Hospital, France
Authors: Marotte Louis , Marsaa Hélène , Robin Nicolas , Sellier Aurore , Beucler Nathan , Thefenne Laurent , Dagain Arnaud , Joubert Christophe 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
There are little data regarding elective referral to the military specialist, especially considering common pathologies such as spinal diseases, which, in the French forces, involve military neurosurgeons. An overview of the management of the military patient referred to neurosurgery consultation, especially considering spinal diseases that both constitute an operational healthissue in the forces and appear of special interest. The objective was to describe the reasons, demographics, and care pathways, addressed to the neurosurgeon.

Materials and methods
This retrospective, single-center study focused on all military patients referred for neurosurgery consultation at Sainte Anne Military Hospital in Toulon. Extracted data included demographic characteristics, army, unit, military specialty, the reason for referral, the diagnosis by the neurosurgeon, treatment, and outcome.

Results
From January 2018 to December 2019, 352 patients were referred for neurosurgical consultation by the unit general practitioner. Spinal disease (n = 297, 91%) was the most frequent reason. Lumbar degenerative disk disease accounted for 20% of consultations, regardless of the patient’s unit or specialty. Most of the patients seen in consultation received nonsurgical management (n = 271, 82.6%). These patients mainly presented with cervical or lumbar degenerative disk disease (n = 99, 36.5%) or cervical or lumbar herniated discs (n = 57, 21.0%). Ninety-eight patients (29.9%) were referred exclusively for medical fitness assessment. Few patients experienced full resolution of their presenting complaint after management (n = 9, 2.8%).

Conclusions
This descriptive study demonstrates the predominance of degenerative spinal diseases in military patients referred to neurosurgery. It reflects the importance of the medical and military competence required to maintain operational capability upstream and downstream of war traumatology. The description of the care pathways invites us to define more proactive multidisciplinary pathways for the management of these diseases in the armed forces.