bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a retroreflector array for 320-GHz interferometer system in Heliotron J
Authors: Zhang P. , Ohshima S. , Zhao H. , Kobayashi S. , Kado S. , Minami T. , Kin F. , Miyashita A. , Iwata A. , Kondo Y. , Qiu D. , Wang C. , Luo M. , Konoshima S. , Inagaki S. , Okada H. , Mizuuchi T. , Nagasaki K. 
Published: September 2023

A retroreflector array, composed of a cluster of small retroreflectors, is experimentally studied for application to a Michelson-type interferometer system in the fusion plasma experiment. Such a new-type reflector has the potential to be a vital and effective tool at a spatially limited location, such as on the vacuum chamber wall of plasma experimental devices. To investigate the effect of retroreflector array on the reflected beam properties, a tabletop experiment is performed with the retroreflector array composed of 4 mm corner-cube retroreflectors and with a 320-GHz (λ ∼ 0.937 mm) submillimeter wave source. An imaging camera is utilized to measure the submillimeter wave beam profile and is scanned perpendicularly to the beam propagation direction if necessary. The experimental result exhibits a diffraction effect on the reflected beam, resulting in the emergence of discrete peaks on the reflected beam profile, as predicted in the past numerical study; however, the most reflected beam power converges on the one reflected into the incident direction, resulting from a property as a retroreflector. Furthermore, the dependence of the reflected beam on the incident beam angle is characterized while fixing the detector position, and the retroreflection beam intensity is found to vary due to the diffraction effect. Such an undesired variation of beam intensity induced by the diffraction can be suppressed with a focusing lens placed in front of the detector in the practical application to an interferometer.
Development of a cryogen-free sub-3 K low-temperature scanning probe microscope by remote liquefaction scheme
Authors: Ma Ruisong , Li Hao , Shi Chenshuai , Wang Fan , Lei Le , Huang Yuanzhi , Liu Yani , Shan Huan , Liu Li , Huang Shesong , Niu Zhi-Chuan , Huan Qing , Gao Hong-Jun 
Published: September 2023

We developed a new scheme for cryogen-free cooling down to sub-3 K temperature range and ultra-low vibration level. An ultra-high-vacuum cryogen-free scanning probe microscope (SPM) system was built based on the new scheme. Instead of mounting a below-decoupled cryocooler directly onto the system, the new design was realized by integrating a Gifford-McMahon cryocooler into a separate liquefying chamber, providing two-stage heat exchangers in a remote way. About 10 L of helium gas inside the gas handling system was cooled, liquefied in the liquefying chamber, and then transferred to a continuous-flow cryostat on the SPM chamber through an ∼2 m flexible helium transfer line. The exhausted helium gas from the continuous-flow cryostat was then returned to the liquefying chamber for reliquefaction. A base temperature of ∼2.84 K at the scanner sample stage and a temperature fluctuation of almost within ±0.1 mK at 4 K were achieved. The cooling curves, tunneling current noise, variable-temperature test, scanning tunneling microscopy and non-contact atomic force microscopy imaging, and first and second derivatives of I(V) spectra are characterized to verify that the performance of our cryogen-free SPM system is comparable to the bath cryostat-based low-temperature SPM system. This remote liquefaction close-cycle scheme shows conveniency to upgrade the existing bath cryostat-based SPM system, upgradeability of realizing even lower temperature down to sub-1 K range, and great compatibility of other physical environments, such as high magnetic field and optical accesses. We believe that the new scheme could also pave a way for other cryogenic applications requiring low temperature but sensitive to vibration.
Rich-grain-boundary Ni–Co–Se nanowire arrays for fast charge storage in alkaline electrolyte
Authors: Wang Li , Cui Mengqi , Ren Jianwei , Wang Hui , Fu Qianqian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this work, the one-dimensional (1D) Ni–Co–Se nanowire arrays with rich grain-boundaries were prepared through the solvothermal method and gas-phase selenizaiton. The results showed that the structure and crystallization of the Ni–Co–Se nanowire arrays could be modulated through the optimization of selenizaiton time. The optimal Ni–Co–Se electrode sample displayed an area specific capacitance of 242.6 μAh cm−2 at 30 mA cm−2 with a current retention rate of 68.34%. The assembled Ni–Co–Se/Active carbon (AC) electrode-based asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) showed the area specific capacitances of 329.2 μAh cm−2 and 225.8 μAh cm−2 at 3 mA cm−2 and 30 mA cm−2, respectively. A 73.33% retention rate of capacitance was observed after 8000 charge/discharge cycles. Besides, the further fabricated all-solid ASC delivered the power densities of 342.94 W kg−1 and 3441.33 W kg−1 at the energy densities of 37.62 Wh kg−1 and 25.81 Wh kg−1, respectively. Those results suggested the potentials of the obtained Ni–Co–Se nanowire arrays as electrode material for the high-performance pseudocapacitors.
Noncovalent composites of meso-substituted A2B2-porphyrins and carbon nanotubes for enhanced electrocatalytic oxygen reduction
Authors: Zhao Yue , Huang Zhen-Yu , Xie Wan-Yue , Huang Si-Jing , Wan Bei , Chen Wei-Chang , Liu Hai-Yang , Si Li-Ping 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Exploring highly active oxygen reduction electrocatalysts with low precious metals content is imperative but remains a considerable challenge. Herein, a series of heterobimetallic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) electrocatalysts based on metal complexes are presented. These electrocatalysts feature diverse transition metals (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) 5,15-bromophenyl-10, 20-methoxyphenyl porphyrin (MBMP) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0) (Pd[P(Ph3)4]) anchored non-covalently on its surface. The resulting NiBMP-based MWCNTs with Pd[P(Ph3)4] (PdNiN4/MWCNTs) display outstanding electrocatalytic oxygen reduction activity (onset potential, 0.941 V; half wave potential, 0.830 V) and robust long-term durability in alkaline electrolyte. While in neutral condition, the MnBMP-based MWCNTs with Pd[P(Ph3)4] (PdMnN4/MWCNTs) are the most active heterobimetallic ORR catalyst and produce ultra-low concentration hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 yield, 1.2%–1.3%). Synergistically tuning the ORR electrocatalytic activity and electron transfer pathway is achieved by the formation of NiBMP/MnBMP-Pd[P(Ph3)4] active sites. This work indicates such metalloporphyrin-Pd[P(Ph3)4] active sites on MWCNTs have significantly positive influence on electrocatalytic ORR systems and provides facile and mild strategy for designing highly efficient ORR electrocatalysts with ultra-low loading precious metal.
Innovative margin design and optimized isocenter to minimize the normal tissue in target volumes for single-isocenter multi-target stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Yock Adam D , Grees Beshoi , Luo Guozhen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective. Treating multiple brain metastases in a single plan is a popular radiosurgery technique. However, targets positioned off-isocenter are subject to rotational uncertainties. This work introduces two new planning target volumes (PTVs) that address this increased uncertainty. The volume of normal tissue included in these PTVs when paired with optimized isocenters are evaluated and compared with conventional methods. Approach. Sets of 1000 random multi-target radiosurgery patients were simulated, each patient with a random number of spherical targets (2–10). Each target had a random volume (0.1–15 cc) and was randomly positioned between 5 and 50 mm or 100 mm from isocenter. Two new PTVs (‘LensPTV’ and ‘SwipePTV’) and conventional isotropic PTVs were created using isocenters derived from the center-of-centroids, the center-of-mass, or optimized per PTV type. The total volume of normal tissue in the PTVs for each patient was calculated and compared using 1 mm translations and 0.5°, 1.0°, and 2.0° rotations. Main results. Using the new PTVs and/or using optimized isocenters decreased the total volume of normal tissue in the PTVs per patient. The SwipePTV, in particular, provided the greatest decrease. Compared to the SwipePTV, the LensPTV and the conventional isotropic PTV included an extra 0.68 and 0.73 cc of normal tissue per patient (median), respectively, when using 50 mm max distance to isocenter and 1° max rotation angle. Under these conditions, 25% of patients had extra volume of normal tissue ≥ 0.96 and 1.04 cc. When using 100 mm max distance to isocenter and 2° max rotation angle, 25% of patients had extra volume of normal tissue ≥ 4.35 and 5.75 cc. Significance. PTVs like those presented here, especially when paired with optimized isocenters, can decrease the total volume of included normal tissue and reduce the risk of toxicity without compromising target coverage.
Experimental study on effect of temperature and moisture on piezoresistive effect of carbon nanotube concrete
Authors: Qin Yu , Tang Yujie , Ruan Pengzhen , Wang Ting , Wang Weina 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced cement based composite materials can be used as self-sensing sensors for intelligent monitoring of concrete structures. In practical engineering, concrete structures are affected and restricted by various environmental factors. Therefore, this paper conducted experimental research on the influencing factors of the piezoresistive effect of CNT concrete. The main influencing factors selected include CNT concentration (0 wt.%–0.5 wt.%), moisture content (immersion time of 0 min–120 min), and temperature (20 °C–60 °C). The experimental results show that the specimen with a CNT concentration of 0.5 wt.% has a higher stress sensitivity (SES), and the change in resistivity shows good stability and repeatability under cyclic stress. The resistivity decreases with prolongation of immersion time, and the SES increases first and then decreases, reaching a peak at 30 min of immersion. When the temperature increases from 20 °C to 60 °C, the resistivity decreases. The influence of temperature on dry and wet specimens is different. In the moisture state, the fraction change in resistivity and SES always decreased. In the dry state, as the temperature increases, the SES first increases and then decreases, with the maximum value occurring at 30 °C.
Current limiting and recovery characteristics of an AC fast recovery superconducting fault current-limiting breaker
Authors: Zhang Qi , Song Meng , Li Li , Xiang Bin , Tang Zhengquan , Li Hongxu , Yuan Zhongbin , Du Huixin , Geng Yingsan , Liu Zhiyuan , Wang Jianhua 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
With the continuous development of the power grid, the high short-circuit fault current threatens the reliability of the power system. When the short-circuit current is greater than the interrupting capacity of the circuit breaker, the fault current will not be interrupted. Resistive-type superconducting fault current limiter (R-SFCL) has little loss in normal conditions. When a short-circuit fault occurs, R-SFCL can respond within a few milliseconds and limit the fault current. But the recovery time of R-SFCL is too long to satisfy the reclosing demand in the power grid. In this paper, an AC fast recovery superconducting fault current-limiting breaker (FR-SFCB) is proposed. With the operation of a fast switch connected with the superconducting coil, one of the parallel superconducting branches is disconnected, which could provide higher current limiting resistance and decrease the fault current need to be interrupted in fault conditions. Because of the shorter current flowing time, the heat generation and temperature of the advanced disconnected branch are less which can reduce the recovery time significantly. An experimental model is established based on thyristors and superconducting tapes. The effects of prospective current (I
p) and the types of superconducting tapes on the current limiting resistance and recovery time of FR-SFCB are investigated. Experimental results show that with the disconnection of the flowing branch, the current limiting resistance of the proposed FR-SFCB increases to more than 3 times of the normal R-SFCL. At the same time, when the FR-SFCB resistance after current limiting is lower than the room temperature resistance, the recovery time of the flowing branch decreases by at least 50%. With access to fast switches, the proposed FR-SFCB can suppress the short-circuit fault current effectively and improve the stability of the power system.
Engineered asymmetric diffractions of diagonal-line odd-symmetric phase gratings
Authors: Hua Shuo , Zhang Xiao-Jun , Chen Yao-Tong , Liu Yi-Mou , Wu Jin-Hui 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A two-dimensional multi-element phase grating has been designed in terms of the offset refractive index to exhibit the spatially odd symmetry (antisymmetry) along one transparent diagonal line with an even number of rectangular elements while leaving other elements in a unit cell opaque. This grating can be engineered to attain a few intriguing phenomena of asymmetric diffraction, including the elimination of equally spaced oblique diffraction lines, the elimination of alternately crossed oblique diffraction lines, and the selection of equally spaced oblique diffraction lines. These phenomena of engineered asymmetric diffraction are well explained via destructive interference between transmitted field amplitudes from paired, dual-paired, and successive elements along the transparent diagonal line.
Reconfigurable skyrmion logic gates with auto-annihilating skyrmion function
Authors: Xu Min , Chen Yuliang , Chen Wenlong , Hu Changjing , Zhang Zhiyu , Jiang Guiqian , Zhang Jinyu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Skyrmions are a spin texture with topological protection properties, which can be considered as an excellent candidate for the next generation of high-speed, nonvolatile, and low-power consumption spin devices due to their unique dynamic characteristics. In this work, we propose reconfigurable skyrmion-based logic gates with auto-annihilating skyrmion function, and six logical operations can be implemented in our model relying on the competition among the spin transfer torque (STT), skyrmion Hall effect (SkHE), skyrmion-edge repulsion, skyrmion-skyrmion topological repulsion, and voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) effect. The influence of temperature on the logical operation processes indicates that the temperature range for achieving all types of logic operations and automatic annihilation function is 0–96 K. The function of automatically clearing skyrmions after the completion of logic operations can free up space for storing unnecessary skyrmions, and save energy consumption for applying additional current to eliminate them. Our results can be beneficial for the design and development of magnetic skyrmion logic gates.
Analysis of functional connectivity using machine learning and deep learning in different data modalities from individuals with schizophrenia
Authors: Alves Caroline L , Toutain Thaise G L de O. , Porto Joel Augusto Moura , Aguiar Patrícia Maria de Carvalho , de Sena Eduardo Pondé , Rodrigues Francisco A , Pineda Aruane M , Thielemann Christiane 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective. Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe mental disorder associated with persistent or recurrent psychosis, hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders that affect approximately 26 million people worldwide, according to the World Health Organization. Several studies encompass machine learning (ML) and deep learning algorithms to automate the diagnosis of this mental disorder. Others study SCZ brain networks to get new insights into the dynamics of information processing in individuals suffering from the condition. In this paper, we offer a rigorous approach with ML and deep learning techniques for evaluating connectivity matrices and measures of complex networks to establish an automated diagnosis and comprehend the topology and dynamics of brain networks in SCZ individuals. Approach. For this purpose, we employed an functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalogram (EEG) dataset. In addition, we combined EEG measures, i.e. Hjorth mobility and complexity, with complex network measurements to be analyzed in our model for the first time in the literature. Main results. When comparing the SCZ group to the control group, we found a high positive correlation between the left superior parietal lobe and the left motor cortex and a positive correlation between the left dorsal posterior cingulate cortex and the left primary motor. Regarding complex network measures, the diameter, which corresponds to the longest shortest path length in a network, may be regarded as a biomarker because it is the most crucial measure in different data modalities. Furthermore, the SCZ brain networks exhibit less segregation and a lower distribution of information. As a result, EEG measures outperformed complex networks in capturing the brain alterations associated with SCZ. Significance. Our model achieved an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 100% and an accuracy of 98.5% for the fMRI, an AUC of 95%, and an accuracy of 95.4% for the EEG data set. These are excellent classification results. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of specific brain connections and network measures on these results, which helped us better describe changes in the diseased brain.
Isothermal annealing of radiation defects in silicon bulk material of diodes from 8” silicon wafers
Authors: Kieseler Jan , Dias de Almeida Pedro Gonçalo , Kałuzińska Oliwia Agnieszka , Mühlnikel Marie Christin , Diehl Leena , Sicking Eva , Zehetner Philipp 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The high luminosity upgrade of the LHC will provide unique physics opportunities, such as
the observation of rare processes and precision measurements. However, the accompanying harsh
radiation environment will also pose unprecedented challenged to the detector performance and
hardware. In this paper, we study the radiation induced damage and its macroscopic isothermal
annealing behaviour of the bulk material from new 8” silicon wafers using diode test
structures. The sensor properties are determined through measurements of the diode capacitance and
leakage current for three thicknesses, two material types, and neutron fluences from 6.5·
1014 to 1 · 1016 neq/cm2.
A optomechanical design for Fabry-Perot Interferometer
Authors: Mahavarkar Prasanna 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Fabry-Perot Interferometer are particularly useful for high-resolution spectroscopy and
other applications including astronomy and intra-cavity laser-line narrowing. Fabry-Perot etalon
with diameters 1 mm square to 100 mm circular are commercially available and using a conglomerate
of optomechanical components and lenses form a Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) system. The etalon
when illuminated with a known wavelength laser beam through fore-optics transmits the interference
pattern onto a detector through back-optics and thus the image formed on the detector is a
concentric circular interference fringe pattern. A sharp pattern with a maximum number of fringes
is achieved by introducing a correct combination of the fore and back optomechanical system.
Commercially available interferometer inclusive of the optics and the etalon are expensive and
beyond the purchasing capacity of budget-conscious users. An alternative to these ready-made
interferometer is to manufacture an indigenous optomechanical system and integrate it with the
commercially available etalon that delivers a low cost, less weight, and a fairly simple FPI. This
report discusses in detail one such system designed and developed in our institute laboratory. The
important parameter finesse is calculated and its accuracy is found to be 85%. The developed
system with further modifications, like the insertion of the field-of-view module, may serve as an
alternative for the large size-based integrating sphere systems that are deployed in the field
for observations.
Identifying opportunity hot spots for reducing the risk of wildfire-caused carbon loss in western US conifer forests
Authors: Peeler Jamie L , McCauley Lisa , Metlen Kerry L , Woolley Travis , Davis Kimberley T , Robles Marcos D , Haugo Ryan D , Riley Karin L , Higuera Philip E , Fargione Joseph E , Addington Robert N , Bassett Steven , Blankenship Kori , Case Michael J , Chapman Teresa B , Smith Edward , Swaty Randy , Welch Nathan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The escalating climate and wildfire crises have generated worldwide interest in using proactive forest management (e.g. forest thinning, prescribed fire, cultural burning) to mitigate the risk of wildfire-caused carbon loss in forests. To estimate the risk of wildfire-caused carbon loss in western United States (US) conifer forests, we used a generalizable framework to evaluate interactions among wildfire hazard and carbon exposure and vulnerability. By evaluating where high social adaptive capacity for proactive forest management overlaps with carbon most vulnerable to wildfire-caused carbon loss, we identified opportunity hot spots for reducing the risk of wildfire-caused carbon loss. We found that relative to their total forest area, California, New Mexico, and Arizona contained the greatest proportion of carbon highly vulnerable to wildfire-caused loss. We also observed widespread opportunities in the western US for using proactive forest management to reduce the risk of wildfire-caused carbon loss, with many areas containing opportunities for simultaneously mitigating the greatest risk from wildfire to carbon and human communities. Finally, we highlighted collaborative and equitable processes that provide pathways to achieving timely climate- and wildfire-mitigation goals at opportunity hot spots.
The PMIP4 simulated dryland aridity changes during the Last Interglacial
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Zhou Xuecheng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The dryland is one of the most important land ecosystems on the planet, and its changes are closely bound up with one-third of the world’s population. Investigating dryland climate change during the Last Interglacial (LIG; ∼127 ka ago) can advance our knowledge of dryland climate behaviors in an orbitally-induced warmer-than-present scenario. Based on the multiple model outputs from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase 4, we suggest that the dryland areas during the LIG are 37% wetter than that during the preindustrial period as measured by the aridity index (AI), and 37% of the preindustrial drylands correspondingly convert to wetter subtypes. Spatially, there are hemispheric differences with drylands wetting and contracting in the Northern Hemisphere but desiccating and expanding in the Southern Hemisphere. Further diagnosis indicates that the altered precipitation is the dominant contributor to more than 72% of the AI changes, and the precipitation change is mainly attributed to the orbitally-induced redistribution of incoming insolation and heat. The secondary factor is the relative humidity change, exaggerating the AI changes in the same direction as the precipitation does. The simulation agrees reasonably with reconstructions for most regions, except Australia and southern Africa. The simulated changes in dryland aridity and the mechanism differ from that in future warming scenarios, so we claim that the LIG as a potential analogue for a warmer future does not fully hold for the dryland climate.