bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protease inhibitor ASP enhances freezing tolerance by inhibiting protein degradation in kumquat
Authors: Yang Hua , Qiao Ke-wei , Teng Jin-jing , Chen Jia-bei , Zhong Ying-li , Rao Li-qun , Xiong Xing-yao , Li Huang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Cold acclimation is a complex biological process leading to the development of freezing tolerance in plants. In this study, we demonstrated that cold-induced expression of protease inhibitor FmASP in a Citrus-relative species kumquat [Fortunella margarita (Lour.) Swingle] contributes to its freezing tolerance by minimizing protein degradation. Firstly, we found that only cold-acclimated kumquat plants, despite extensive leaf cellular damage during freezing, were able to resume their normal growth upon stress relief. To dissect the impact of cold acclimation on this anti-freezing performance, we conducted protein abundance assays and quantitative proteomic analysis of kumquat leaves subjected to cold acclimation (4°C), freezing treatment (−10°C) and post-freezing recovery (25°C). FmASP (Against Serine Protease) and several non-specific proteases were identified as differentially expressed proteins induced by cold acclimation and associated with stable protein abundance throughout the course of low-temperature treatment. FmASP was further characterized as a robust inhibitor of multiple proteases. In addition, heterogeneous expression of FmASP in Arabidopsis confirmed its positive role in freezing tolerance. Finally, we proposed a working model of FmASP and illustrated how this extracellular-localized protease inhibitor protects proteins from degradation, thereby maintaining essential cellular function for post-freezing recovery. These findings revealed the important role of protease inhibition in freezing response and provide insights on how this role may help develop new strategies to enhance plant freezing tolerance.
Investigation and thermo-economic analysis of solar condensation refrigeration
Authors: Abed Azher M , Hadrawi Salema K , Smaisim Ghassan F , Muftah Ali F , Jahanbin Farnaz 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Today, the use of solar energy is expanding and developing because this energy is easily available and there are various technologies for producing thermal and electrical energy and cooling. One of the most energy-consuming parts is heating and cooling systems in residential buildings, which include the major part of energy consumption in buildings. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to produce thermal energy for the cooling system using solar energy, which was used for analysis using Trnsys software. The purpose of the simulation is to check the thermodynamic parameters of the fluid and economic analysis, taking into account biological pollutants. The environment of the system has been considered. One of the important results of this research is the return on investment of 4 years, in which the required amount of energy supply through the solar system is 0.94.
A hierarchical multilabel graph attention network method to predict the deterioration paths of chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Wu Zejian (Eric) , Xu Da , Hu Paul Jen-Hwa , Huang Ting-Shuo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective
Estimating the deterioration paths of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients is critical for physicians’ decisions and patient management. A novel, hierarchical multilabel graph attention-based method aims to predict patient deterioration paths more effectively. Applied to a CHB patient data set, it offers strong predictive utilities and clinical value.

Materials and Methods
The proposed method incorporates patients’ responses to medications, diagnosis event sequences, and outcome dependencies to estimate deterioration paths. From the electronic health records maintained by a major healthcare organization in Taiwan, we collect clinical data about 177 959 patients diagnosed with hepatitis B virus infection. We use this sample to evaluate the proposed method’s predictive efficacy relative to 9 existing methods, as measured by precision, recall, F-measure, and area under the curve (AUC).

Results
We use 20% of the sample as holdouts to test each method’s prediction performance. The results indicate that our method consistently and significantly outperforms all benchmark methods. It attains the highest AUC, with a 4.8% improvement over the best-performing benchmark, as well as 20.9% and 11.4% improvements in precision and F-measures, respectively. The comparative results demonstrate that our method is more effective for predicting CHB patients’ deterioration paths than existing predictive methods.

Discussion and Conclusion
The proposed method underscores the value of patient-medication interactions, temporal sequential patterns of distinct diagnosis, and patient outcome dependencies for capturing dynamics that underpin patient deterioration over time. Its efficacious estimates grant physicians a more holistic view of patient progressions and can enhance their clinical decision-making and patient management.
Impairment of autophagy promotes human conjunctival fibrosis and pterygium occurrence via enhancing the SQSTM1–NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: He Qin , Cai Yiting , Huang Jiani , He Xiaoying , Han Wei , Chen Wei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Pterygium is a common ocular disease with a high recurrence rate, characterized by hyperplasia of subconjunctival fibrovascular tissue. Autophagy, an important process to maintain cellular homeostasis, participates in the pathogenic fibrosis of different organs. However, the exact role of autophagy in pterygium pathogenesis remains unknown. Here, we found that autophagic activity was decreased in human pterygium tissues compared with adjacent normal conjunctival tissues. The in vitro model of fibrosis was successfully established using human primary conjunctival fibroblasts (ConFB) treated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), evidenced by increased fibrotic level and strong proliferative and invasive capabilities. The autophagic activity was suppressed during TGF-β1- or ultraviolet-induced fibrosis of ConFB. Activating autophagy dramatically retarded the fibrotic progress of ConFB, while blocking autophagy exacerbated this process. Furthermore, SQSTM1, the main cargo receptor of selective autophagy, was found to significantly promote the fibrosis of ConFB through activating the PKCι–NF-κB signaling pathway. Knockdown of SQSTM1, PKCι, or p65 in ConFB delayed TGF-β1-induced fibrosis. Overexpression of SQSTM1 drastically abrogated the inhibitory effect of rapamycin or serum starvation on TGF-β1-induced fibrosis. Collectively, our data suggested that autophagy impairment of human ConFB facilitates fibrosis via activating the SQSTM1–PKCι–NF-κB signaling cascades. This work was contributory to elucidating the mechanism of autophagy underlying pterygium occurrence.
Historical redlining and breast cancer treatment and survival among older women in the United States
Authors: Bikomeye Jean C , Zhou Yuhong , McGinley Emily L , Canales Bethany , Yen Tina W F , Tarima Sergey , Ponce Sara Beltrán , Beyer Kirsten M M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among US women, and institutional racism is a critical cause of health disparities. We investigated impacts of historical redlining on BC treatment receipt and survival in the United States.

Methods
Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) boundaries were used to measure historical redlining. Eligible women in the 2010-2017 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare BC cohort were assigned a HOLC grade. The independent variable was a dichotomized HOLC grade: A and B (nonredlined) and C and D (redlined). Outcomes of receipt of various cancer treatments, all-cause mortality (ACM), and BC-specific mortality (BCSM) were analyzed using logistic or Cox models. Indirect effects by comorbidity were examined.

Results
Among 18 119 women, 65.7% resided in historically redlined areas (HRAs), and 32.6% were deceased at a median follow-up of 58 months. A larger proportion of deceased women resided in HRAs (34.5% vs 30.0%). Of all deceased women, 41.6% died of BC; a larger proportion resided in HRAs (43.4% vs 37.8%). Historical redlining is a statistically significant predictor of poorer survival after BC diagnosis (hazard ratio = 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03 to 1.15 for ACM, and hazard ratio = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.13 to 1.41 for BCSM). Indirect effects via comorbidity were identified. Historical redlining was associated with a lower likelihood of receiving surgery (odds ratio = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.66 to 0.83, and a higher likelihood of receiving palliative care odds ratio = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.91).

Conclusion
Historical redlining is associated with differential treatment receipt and poorer survival for ACM and BCSM. Relevant stakeholders should consider historical contexts when designing and implementing equity-focused interventions to reduce BC disparities. Clinicians should advocate for healthier neighborhoods while providing care.
Infrastructures of migration and the ordering of privilege in mobility
Authors: Cranston Sophie , Duplan Karine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article explores privilege in migration. Rather than focus on practices of privilege at micro-scales, the article examines how privilege in migration is ordered and disciplined through meso- and macro-level infrastructures (transnational organisations, higher education institutes, and governmental visa policies). The article questions where a pervasive discourse of mobility as achievement comes from and how it becomes materialised in the promotion and facilitation of forms of mobility. It argues that privilege in mobility becomes disciplined through neoliberal discourses of globalisation that idealise mobility as cosmopolitanism, whilst simultaneously producing this as an elite subject positioning.
Fall Prevention Training for Service Members With an Amputation or Limb Salvage Following Lower Extremity Trauma
Authors: Kaufman Kenton R , Miller Emily J , Deml Christine M , Sheehan Riley C , Grabiner Mark D , Wyatt Marilynn , Zai Claire Z , Kingsbury Trevor , Tullos Meghan L , Acasio Julian C , Mahon Caitlin E , Hendershot Brad D , Dearth Christopher L 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Recent military conflicts have resulted in a significant number of lower extremity injuries to U.S. service members that result in amputation or limb preservation (LP) procedures. Service members receiving these procedures report a high prevalence and deleterious consequences of falls. Very little research exists to improve balance and reduce falls, especially among young active populations such as service members with LP or limb loss. To address this research gap, we evaluated the success of a fall prevention training program for service members with lower extremity trauma by (1) measuring fall rates, (2) quantifying improvements in trunk control, and (3) determining skill retention at 3 and 6 months after training.

Materials and Methods
Forty-five participants (40 males, mean [±SD] age, 34 ± 8 years) with lower extremity trauma (20 with unilateral transtibial amputation, 6 with unilateral transfemoral amputation, 5 with bilateral transtibial amputation, and 14 with unilateral LP procedures) were enrolled. A microprocessor-controlled treadmill was used to produce task-specific postural perturbations which simulated a trip. The training was conducted over a 2-week period and consisted of six 30-minute sessions. The task difficulty was increased as the participant’s ability progressed. The effectiveness of the training program was assessed by collecting data before training (baseline; repeated twice), immediately after training (0 month), and at 3 and 6 months post-training. Training effectiveness was quantified by participant-reported falls in the free-living environment before and after training. Perturbation-induced recovery step trunk flexion angle and velocity was also collected.

Results
Participants reported reduced falls and improved balance confidence in the free-living environment following the training. Repeated testing before training revealed that there were no pre-training differences in trunk control. The training program improved trunk control following training, and these skills were retained at 3 and 6 months after training.

Conclusion
This study showed that task-specific fall prevention training reduced falls across a cohort of service members with diverse types of amputations and LP procedures following lower extremity trauma. Importantly, the clinical outcome of this effort (i.e., reduced falls and improved balance confidence) can lead to increased participation in occupational, recreational, and social activities and thus improved quality of life.
Body Fat Percentage and Blood Donation are the Strongest Determinants of Iron Stores in Premenopausal Women Joining the New Zealand Army
Authors: Martin Nicola M , von Hurst Pamela R , Conlon Cathryn A , Smeele Rebecca J M , Mugridge Owen A R , Beck Kathryn L 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Suboptimal iron status is an issue for women joining the military because of its association with impaired aerobic performance, yet no studies have investigated dietary and non-dietary determinants of iron status simultaneously in this population. The purpose of this study was to explore associations between iron stores, dietary patterns (DPs), and potential non-dietary determinants of iron status in premenopausal women at the commencement of basic military training (BMT) in the New Zealand Army.

Methods
During week 1 of BMT, demographic, body composition, lifestyle, medical history, and dietary data were measured as potential determinants of serum ferritin (SF) in 101 participants. Following univariate analysis, age, body fat percentage, previous blood donation, at least 6 h of exercise per week that raised the heart rate, and a vegetarian DP were analyzed using a multiple linear regression model.

Results
An increase in body fat percentage was associated with increased SF (P &lt; .009), although blood donation in the past year decreased SF (P &lt; .011) compared to those participants who did not donate blood. There was no association between SF and a vegetarian DP or hours of exercise per week. The model explained 17.5% of the variance in SF at the commencement of BMT.

Conclusion
Body fat percentage and blood donation in the past year were the strongest determinants of iron stores in healthy premenopausal women commencing BMT. It is recommended that women joining the New Zealand Army are provided information to maintain or improve their iron status based on these findings. This includes clinical screening of iron status, advice for women considering blood donation, and dietary advice regarding total energy requirements and iron bioavailability.
Late to Palliate? Inpatient Palliative Care Consultation at an Academic Veterans Affairs Hospital
Authors: Allaudeen Nazima , Millhouse Christopher F , Huberman David B , Wang Hui , Heidenreich Paul A 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Despite robust evidence describing the benefits of palliative care consultation (PCC), this service is underutilized. Hospital admission provides an important opportunity to obtain PCC.

Methods
We evaluated all inpatients who received PCC at a Veterans Affairs academic hospital from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with early versus late PCC, with early defined as &gt;30 days from consult to death and late defined as ≤30 days.

Results
The median time from PCC to death was 37 days. The majority of PCCs were early (58.4%). Of all patients receiving inpatient PCC, 13.2% died that admission. Cardiac (odds ratio = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.11-0.73) and neurological (odds ratio = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.05-0.70) diagnoses were more likely to receive early PCC compared to malignancy. Of the late PCCs receiving first-time consults, 58.9% had at least one admission during the last year.

Conclusions
Many patients are introduced to palliative care services within a month of death. These patients were often admitted during the prior year, presenting a missed opportunity to involve inpatient PCC earlier.
Putative Signals of Generalist Plant Species Adaptation to Local Pollinator Communities and Abiotic Factors
Authors: Frachon Léa , Arrigo Luca , Rusman Quint , Poveda Lucy , Qi Weihong , Scopece Giovanni , Schiestl Florian P 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe reproductive success of flowering plants with generalized pollination systems is influenced by interactions with a diverse pollinator community and abiotic factors. However, knowledge about the adaptative potential of plants to complex ecological networks and the underlying genetic mechanisms is still limited. Based on a pool-sequencing approach of 21 natural populations of Brassica incana in Southern Italy, we combined a genome-environmental association analysis with a genome scan for signals of population genomic differentiation to discover genetic variants associated with the ecological variation. We identified genomic regions putatively involved in the adaptation of B. incana to the identity of local pollinator functional categories and pollinator community composition. Interestingly, we observed several shared candidate genes associated with long-tongue bees, soil texture, and temperature variation. We established a genomic map of potential generalist flowering plant local adaptation to complex biotic interactions, and the importance of considering multiple environmental factors to describe the adaptive landscape of plant populations.
Localized modulation of DNA supercoiling, triggered by the Shigella anti-silencer VirB, is sufficient to relieve H-NS-mediated silencing
Authors: Picker Michael A , Karney Monika M A , Gerson Taylor M , Karabachev Alexander D , Duhart Juan C , McKenna Joy A , Wing Helen J 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In Bacteria, nucleoid structuring proteins govern nucleoid dynamics and regulate transcription. In Shigella spp., at ≤30°C, the histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS) transcriptionally silences many genes on the large virulence plasmid. Upon a switch to 37°C, VirB, a DNA binding protein and key transcriptional regulator of Shigella virulence, is produced. VirB functions to counter H-NS-mediated silencing in a process called transcriptional anti-silencing. Here, we show that VirB mediates a loss of negative DNA supercoils from our plasmid-borne, VirB-regulated PicsP-lacZ reporter in vivo. The changes are not caused by a VirB-dependent increase in transcription, nor do they require the presence of H-NS. Instead, the VirB-dependent change in DNA supercoiling requires the interaction of VirB with its DNA binding site, a critical first step in VirB-dependent gene regulation. Using two complementary approaches, we show that VirB:DNA interactions in vitro introduce positive supercoils in plasmid DNA. Subsequently, by exploiting transcription-coupled DNA supercoiling, we reveal that a localized loss of negative supercoils is sufficient to alleviate H-NS-mediated transcriptional silencing independently of VirB. Together, our findings provide novel insight into VirB, a central regulator of Shigella virulence and, more broadly, a molecular mechanism that offsets H-NS-dependent silencing of transcription in bacteria.
PANTOTHENATE KINASE4, LOSS OF GDU2, and TRANSPOSON PROTEIN1 affect the canalization of tomato fruit metabolism
Authors: Wijesingha Ahchige Micha , Fernie Alisdair R , Alseekh Saleh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMost studies investigating quantitative traits focus on mean levels per genotype rather than the variation between different individuals of one genotype or the variation elicited by different environments. Consequently, the genes that govern this effect are not well understood. The concept, named canalization, which describes a lack of variation, is well known in the context of developmental processes but is poorly studied for quantitative traits such as metabolism. In this study, we selected 8 putative candidate genes from previously identified canalized metabolic quantitative trait loci and created genome-edited tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) mutants of these genes for experimental validation. Most lines showed wild-type morphology, except for an ARF-like protein mutant showing aberrant phenotypes in the form of scarred fruit cuticles. In greenhouse trials with different irrigation conditions, whole-plant traits showed a general increase of their level toward the more optimal irrigation conditions, whereas most metabolic traits showed an increase toward the other end of the gradient. Mutants of a PANTOTHENATE KINASE 4, the AIRP ubiquitin gene LOSS OF GDU2, and TRANSPOSON PROTEIN 1 grown under these conditions showed an overall improved plant performance. Additional effects, on both target and other metabolites in tomato fruits, regarding the mean level at specific conditions and, ergo, the cross-environment coefficient of variation, were observed. However, variation between individuals remained unaffected. In conclusion, this study supports the idea of distinct sets of genes regulating different types of variation.
Dual role of lipids for genome stability and pluripotency facilitates full potency of mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Zhong Liangwen , Gordillo Miriam , Wang Xingyi , Qin Yiren , Huang Yuanyuan , Soshnev Alexey , Kumar Ritu , Nanjangud Gouri , James Daylon , David Allis C , Evans Todd , Carey Bryce , Wen Duancheng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
While Mek1/2 and Gsk3β inhibition (“2i”) supports the maintenance of murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in a homogenous naïve state, prolonged culture in 2i results in aneuploidy and DNA hypomethylation that impairs developmental potential. Additionally, 2i fails to support derivation and culture of fully potent female ESCs. Here we find that mouse ESCs cultured in 2i/LIF supplemented with lipid-rich albumin (AlbuMAX) undergo pluripotency transition yet maintain genomic stability and full potency over long-term culture. Mechanistically, lipids in AlbuMAX impact intracellular metabolism including nucleotide biosynthesis, lipid biogenesis, and TCA cycle intermediates, with enhanced expression of DNMT3s that prevent DNA hypomethylation. Lipids induce a formative-like pluripotent state through direct stimulation of Erk2 phosphorylation, which also alleviates X chromosome loss in female ESCs. Importantly, both male and female “all-ESC” mice can be generated from de novo derived ESCs using AlbuMAX-based media. Our findings underscore the importance of lipids to pluripotency and link nutrient cues to genome integrity in early development.