bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunostaining for hepatitis B viral antigens in liver: Association with clinical, biochemical, and virologic features of disease
Authors: Kleiner David E , Lisker‐Melman Mauricio , Wahed Abdus S , Bhan Atul K , Nalesnik Michael A , Choi Eun‐Young K , Leonard Kelsey K , Ghany Marc G , Chung Raymond T , Di Bisceglie Adrian M ,   for the Hepatitis B Research Network
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimStaining for hepatitis B viral antigens is often done in liver biopsies from patients with chronic hepatitis B, but its correlates with clinical phenotypes are not well described.MethodsBiopsies were collected from a large cohort of adults and children with chronic hepatitis B viral infection through the Hepatitis B Research Network. Immunohistochemical staining of sections was done for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) and then centrally read by the pathology committee. The degree of liver injury and pattern of staining were then correlated with clinical characteristics, including the clinical phenotype of hepatitis B.ResultsBiopsies from 467 subjects were studied, including 46 from children. Immunostaining for HBsAg was positive in 417 (90%) with scattered hepatocyte staining being the most common pattern. HBsAg staining correlated best with serum levels of HBsAg and hepatitis B viral DNA; the absence of HBsAg staining was often a prelude to loss of HBsAg from serum. HBcAg staining was positive in 225 (49%), and, while cytoplasmic staining was more frequent than nuclear staining, both nuclear and cytoplasmic positivity were often seen in the same specimen. Staining for HBcAg correlated with both level of viremia and liver injury. No biopsies from inactive carriers had stainable HBcAg, while 91% of the biopsies from those with hepatitis B e antigen‐positive chronic hepatitis B stained positively for HBcAg.ConclusionImmunostaining for hepatitis B viral antigens may yield helpful insights into liver disease pathogenesis but appears to add little to commonly used serological and biochemical blood tests.
Period Product Resources and Needs in Schools: A Statewide Survey of Missouri's School Nurses
Authors: Sebert Kuhlmann Anne , Palovick Kirstin A. , Teni Mintesnot T. , Hunter Emily 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSchool nurses play a vital role in ensuring the health and well‐being of their students, but little is known about menstrual products and resources available in schools. This study assessed period product resources and needs in Missouri schools from the perspective of school nurses and analyzed differences by district enrollment characteristics.MethodsAn electronic survey was emailed to public, charter, private, and parochial school nurses in Missouri who served fourth grade or older. From January through March 2022, 976 self‐administered surveys were completed (40% response rate). Logistic regressions examined the associations between student needs and district characteristics.ResultsAmong the sample, 70.7% knew students who could not afford period products, and 68.0% knew students who had missed school because of their period. When controlling for district size, race/ethnicity, and urban/rural classification, as the percentage free‐ or reduced‐lunch (FRL) eligibility increases in a school, awareness of students struggling to afford products increases (AOR = 1.008, 95% confidence interval 1.000, 1.015).Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and EquitySchool nurses need the resources and educational materials to support students to help reduce menstruation‐related absences.ConclusionsIssues of period poverty cut across districts of differing enrollment characteristics, yet FRL percentage is an important predictor.
The origin of semilingualism: Nils‐Erik Hansegård and the cult of the mother tongue
Authors: Karlander David , Salö Linus 
Published: March 2023

Abstract‘Semilingualism’ is one of the most questionable theories produced in the language sciences. Yet, little is known about its origins. We present a critical account of the history of semilingualism, tracing its roots in the work of Nils Erik Hansegård, (1918–2002), inaugural chair of Sámi at Umeå University (1975–1979), who developed a theory of semilingualism (halvspråkighet) in the 1960s. We show how Hansegård theorized semilingualism using ideas from Nazi German linguistics, producing an unforgiving theory of linguistic pathology directed at minoritized bilinguals in Sweden's far north.
No alterations in potential indirect markers of locus coeruleus–norepinephrine function in insomnia disorder
Authors: Frase Lukas , Feige Bernd , Gioia Isabella , Loeck Viveka K. , Domschke Katharina , Dressle Raphael J. , Kilian Hannah , Spiegelhalder Kai , Schläpfer Thomas , Riemann Dieter 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe norepinephrine locus coeruleus system (LC NE) represents a promising treatment target in patients with insomnia disorder (ID) due to its well understood links to arousal and sleep regulation. However, consistent markers of LC NE activity are lacking. This study measured three potential indirect markers of LC NE activity – REM sleep, P3 amplitude during an auditory oddball paradigm (as a marker of phasic LC activation), and baseline pupil diameter (as a marker of tonic LC activation). The parameters were then combined in a statistical model and tested to compare LC NE activity between 20 subjects with insomnia disorder (13 female; age 44.2 ± 15.1 year) and 20 healthy, good sleeping controls (GSC; 11 female; age 45.4 ± 11.6 year). No group differences regarding the primary outcome parameters were detected. Specifically, insomnia disorder did not display the hypothesised changes in markers of LC NE function. While increased LC NE function remains an interesting speculative pathway for hyperarousal in insomnia disorder, the investigated markers do not appear closely related to each other and fail to discriminate between insomnia disorder and good sleeping controls in these samples.
Marketing of commercial milk formula during COVID‐19 in Indonesia
Authors: Hidayana Irma , Prawindarti Lianita , Umar Nia , Ambarwati Kusmayra , Rosatriani Fitria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBaby food marketing poses a substantial barrier to breastfeeding, which adversely affects mothers' and children's health. Over the last decade, the baby food industry has utilised various marketing tactics in Indonesia, including direct marketing to mothers and promoting products in public spaces and within the healthcare system. This study examined the marketing of commercial milk formula (CMF) and other breast‐milk substitute products during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Indonesia. Using a local, community‐based reporting platform, information on publicly reported violations of the International Code of Marketing of Breast‐milk Substitutes and subsequent World Health Assembly resolutions (the Code) was collected. It was found that a total of 889 reported cases of unethical marketing of such products were recorded primarily through social media from May 20 through December 31, 2021. Our results suggest that the COVID‐19 pandemic has provided more opportunities for the baby food industry in Indonesia to attempt to circumvent the Code aggressively through online marketing strategies. These aggressive marketing activities include online advertisements, maternal child health and nutrition webinars, Instagram sessions with experts, and heavy engagement of health professionals and social media influencers. Moreover, product donations and assistance with COVID‐19 vaccination services were commonly used to create a positive image of the baby food industry in violation of the Code. Therefore, there is an urgent need to regulate the online marketing of milk formula and all food and beverage products for children under the age of 3.
Provision of low‐aflatoxin local complementary porridge flour reduced urinary aflatoxin biomarker in children aged 6–18 months in rural Tanzania
Authors: Kassim Neema , Ngure Francis , Smith Laura , Turner Paul C. , Stoltzfus Rebecca , Makule Edna , Makori Nyabasi , Phillips Erica 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites of fungi that colonize staple food crops, such as maize and groundnut, frequently used in complementary feeding. In preparation for a large trial, this pilot study examined if provision of a low‐aflatoxin infant porridge flour made from local maize and groundnuts reduced the prevalence of a urinary aflatoxin biomarker in infants. Thirty‐six infants aged 6–18 months were included from four villages in Kongwa District, Tanzania. The study was conducted over 12 days with a three‐day baseline period and a 10 days where low‐AF porridge flour was provided. Porridge intake of infants was assessed using quantitative 24‐h recalls by mothers. Household food ingredients used in infant porridge preparation and urine samples were collected on Days 1–3 (baseline) and 10–12 (follow‐up). Aflatoxins were measured in household foods, and AFM1 was measured in urine. At baseline and follow‐up, 78% and 97%, respectively, of the infants consumed porridge in the previous 24 h, with a median volume of 220 mL (interquartile range [IQR]: 201, 318) and 460 mL (IQR: 430, 563), respectively (p < 0.001). All 47 samples of homemade flour/ingredients were contaminated with AFs (0.3–723 ng/g). The overall prevalence of individuals with detectable urinary AFM1 was reduced by 81%, from 15/36 (42%) at baseline to 3/36 (8%) at follow‐up (p = 0.003). Provision of low‐aflatoxin porridge flour was acceptable to caregivers and their infants and successfully reduced the prevalence of detectable urinary AFM1 in infants, thus, confirming its potential to be tested in future large‐scale health outcomes trial.
A brief compassion focused therapy intervention can help self‐critical parents and their children: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kirby James N. , Hoang April , Ramos Norman 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundParents can be highly self‐critical of their own parenting, which can negatively impact parenting style and child outcomes.AimsThe aim of this randomised controlled trial (RCT) was to examine the efficacy of a brief 2‐hour Compassion Focused Therapy intervention (CFT) for parents to determine if it can reduce self‐criticism, improve parenting and improve child social, emotional and behavioural outcomes.Materials & MethodsIn total, 102 parents (87 mothers) were randomised to either a CFT intervention (n = 48) or waitlist control group (n = 54). Participants were measured at pre‐, 2‐week post‐intervention and the CFT group again at 3‐month follow‐up.ResultsAt 2‐week post‐intervention parents in the CFT group compared to waitlist control had significantly reduced levels of self‐criticism, significant reductions in child emotional and peer problems, but no changes in parental style. At 3‐month follow‐up, these outcomes improved, with self‐criticism further decreasing, parental hostility and verbosity decreasing, as well as a range of childhood improvements.ConclusionThe results from this first RCT evaluation of a brief 2‐hour CFT intervention for parents show promise for not only improving how parents relate to themselves with self‐criticism and self‐reassurance, but also for improving parenting styles and child outcomes.
'A Taste of Hell': Fires, Landscapes, Emotions, and Renewal
Authors: Moore Grace 
Published: March 2023

Australian settler fiction and poetry stage shifting notions of temporality in relation to bushfires. The fire was an important plot device in settler writing, initially adding a touch of local colour for readers back home in England through stories of melodramatic rescue. However, by the end of the nineteenth century, understandings of fire had begun to change, as settlers began to learn that fires were not simply one-off catastrophes, but rather they were recurring phenomena. Underpinning my arguments with theories of affect, in particular Brian Massumi’s work on ‘fear of future fire’ and the philosopher Alexander Bain’s work on trauma, I argue that as settlers became increasingly conscious of the cyclicality of bushfires, their understandings of time and its relation to landscape altered. Realist writing responded to this deepening knowledge of the Australian environment, and instead of emphasizing the fleeting drama of a fire, fiction began to focus on its seasonal return. These stories and poems highlight the extreme vigilance that accompanies heightened knowledge and memories of the land. We see characters waiting for fires to arrive in scenes that are often agonizing in their slow pace, leaving them caught, as Barbara Eckstein expresses it, ‘between bushfire and approaching’ (Eckstein 2014, 256). Yet we also see bushfires, both actual and anticipated, accumulate memories of fires that have come before, and the devastation they have caused.

Memory and nostalgia play important and complicated roles in attempts to mediate and manage the Australian landscape, exposing the fiction of a land that could be tamed or pastoralized to become just like the home settlers had left behind. Drawing on the fire historian Tom Griffiths’ notion of the amnesia that enables survivors of bushfires to return to the site of the blaze and to build anew, I examine representations of characters who doggedly rebuild their old lives. In particular, I consider the fraught nature of ‘willed amnesia’ or the denial of the reality that fire will return, while also considering connections between memory and place.

Keywords: bushfires; memory; disaster; fear; Australian settler culture
Introduction: Refiguring Disaster Temporalities
Authors: Prentice Chris 
Published: March 2023

The introduction to this special section notes the wide range of disciplines and interdisciplinary fields that have begun to address questions of disaster, including questions of time, or temporality, that emerge in relation to definitions, understandings, and experiences of disaster. Following a discussion of selected scholarly works that focus on the role of arts, creative activities, or more generally aesthetic considerations in relation to disaster experiences, including ethical as well as formal or technical challenges facing the representation of disaster, the three essays that make up this special section are introduced.
The three essays explore questions of temporality that emerge in the context and aftermath of ‘environmental’ disaster — Australian bushfires, the Canterbury earthquakes of 2010–11, and reef ruins of eastern Sulawesi. More specifically, they address the ways that aesthetic responses to, or treatment of, disaster in creative arts both reveal and refigure disaster temporalities in affective terms, often with ethical implications.

Keywords: disaster, environment, temporality, art, affect
Insights into magma dynamics at Etna (Sicily) from SO2 and HCl fluxes during the 2008–2009 eruption
Authors: Spina A. La , Burton M. , Salerno G. , Caltabiano T. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Magma convection, where low-viscosity, gas-rich magma ascends, degasses, and crystallizes before sinking down the same conduit in either annular or side-by-side flows, has been proposed for active basaltic volcanoes, where excess gas fluxes relative to erupted lava volume can be observed. Experimental studies show that convection is produced by buoyant ascending gas-rich magma and descending degassed magmas following density difference contrast, while geophysical studies point to the endogenous growth of active volcanoes through magma accumulation in plutons. However, many aspects of the convection process remain unclear, in particular, the depth to which magma ascends before overturning. Models have been proposed where overturn occurs near the surface and also at depths greater than 2 km from the top of the magma-filled conduit. The long-term monitoring of volcanic gas compositions may reveal new insights into the convection process, as each gas has a unique solubility-pressure profile. We report measurements of SO2 and HCl gas fluxes from Etna between October 2007 and May 2011, in which an ~90% collapse in halogen flux was observed together with an effusive eruption. This observation indicates that the halogen fluxes, during quiescent periods on Etna, require both magma supply to the shallowest levels and a period of residence. The lava effusion has the effect of reducing the shallow residence time, drastically reducing the halogen flux. These results provide a new interpretative framework for the degassing process and gas composition monitoring to explain subtle variations in magma supply and residence times in basaltic volcanism.
Hydrothermal sulfate surges promote rare earth element transport and mineralization
Authors: Wan Ye , Chou I-Ming , Wang Xiaolin , Wang Ruoheng , Li Xiaochun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The generation of sulfate-rich hydrothermal fluids is of great significance to investigate because it is closely associated with the formation of many important ore deposits, such as hydrothermal rare earth element (REE) deposits. However, the transport of REEs in sulfate-rich hydrothermal fluids is complicated by the retrograde solubility of common sulfate minerals depicted in current thermodynamic models. We present in situ and ex situ hydrothermal experimental evidence suggesting that the solubility of alkali sulfate changes from retrograde at low pressures to prograde at elevated pressures. Accordingly, we propose a sulfate surge temperature and pressure (T-P) window (250 °C, 90 MPa), above which the solubility of alkali sulfate increases significantly with increasing P and T. Although REE sulfates are weakly soluble in water, sulfate-rich hydrothermal fluids can transport high contents of REEs under the T-P conditions above the sulfate-surge window. Our results indicate that depressurization, cooling, and alkali loss are key factors controlling REE mineralization, which agrees well with geological observations.
Identifying high-risk profile in primary antiphospholipid syndrome through cluster analysis: French multicentric cohort study
Authors: Guedon Alexis F , Ricard Laure , Laurent Charlotte , De Moreuil Claire , Urbanski Geoffrey , Deriaz Sophie , Gerotziafas Grigorios , Elalamy Ismail , Audemard Alexandra , Chasset Francois , Alamowitch Sonia , Sellam Jérémie , Boffa Jean Jacques , Cohen Ariel , Wahl Clémentine , Abisror Noemie , Maillot François , Fain Olivier , Mekinian Arsène 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionAntiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterised by thrombosis (arterial, venous or small vessel) or obstetrical events and persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), according to the Sydney classification criteria. Many studies have performed cluster analyses among patients with primary APS and associated autoimmune disease, but none has focused solely on primary APS. We aimed to perform a cluster analysis among patients with primary APS and asymptomatic aPL carriers without any autoimmune disease, to assess prognostic value.MethodsIn this multicentre French cohort study, we included all patients with persistent APS antibodies (Sydney criteria) measured between January 2012 and January 2019. We excluded all patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or other systemic autoimmune diseases. We performed hierarchical cluster analysis on the factor analysis of mixed data coordinates results with baseline patient characteristics to generate clusters.ResultsWe identified four clusters: cluster 1, comprising ‘asymptomatic aPL carriers’, with low risk of events during follow-up; cluster 2, the ‘male thrombotic phenotype’, with older patients and more venous thromboembolic events; cluster 3, the ‘female obstetrical phenotype’, with obstetrical and thrombotic events; and cluster 4, ‘high-risk APS’, which included younger patients with more frequent triple positivity, antinuclear antibodies, non-criteria manifestations and arterial events. Regarding survival analyses, asymptomatic aPL carriers relapsed less frequently than the others, but no other differences in terms of relapse rates or deaths were found between clusters.ConclusionsWe identified four clusters among patients with primary APS, one of which was ‘high-risk APS’. Clustering-based treatment strategies should be explored in future prospective studies.
Stable incidence but increase in prevalence of ANCA-associated vasculitis in southern Sweden: a 23-year study
Authors: Rathmann Jens , Segelmark Mårten , Englund Martin , Mohammad Aladdin J 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo update the epidemiology of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) in a defined geographical area of southern Sweden.MethodsThe study area comprised 14 municipalities with a combined adult population (≥18 years) of 623 872 in 2019. All cases diagnosed with AAV in 1997–2019 in the study area were included in the estimate of incidence. Diagnosis of AAV was verified by case record review, and cases were classified using the European Medicines Agency algorithm. Point prevalence was estimated on 01 January 2020.ResultsThree hundred and seventy-four patients (median age 67.5 years, 47% female) were diagnosed with new-onset AAV during the study period. One hundred and ninety-two were classified as granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), 159 as microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and 23 as EGPA. The average annual incidence/million adults was 30.1 (95% CI 27.0 to 33.1) for AAV: 15.4 (95% CI 13.3 to 17.6) for GPA, 12.8 (95% CI 10.8 to 14.8) for MPA and 1.8 (95% CI 1.1 to 2.6) for eosinophilic GPA (EGPA). Incidence was stable during the study period, 30.3/million 1997–2003, 30.4/million 2004–2011 and 29.5/million 2012–2019. The incidence increased with age and was highest in age group 70–84 years (96/million adults). On 1 January 2020, the prevalence was 428/million adults and was higher in males than in females (480 vs 378/million).ConclusionsThe incidence of AAV in southern Sweden was found stable over the course of 23 years; while the prevalence has increased, which might indicate better management and treatment of AAV resulting in improved survival.
Research of Si-ZnO Thin-Film Transistors Deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Hong Chaeseon , Kim Minjae , Lee Jin-Gyu , Shao Qingyi , Lee Hong-Sub , Park Hyung-Ho 
Published: March 2023

Si-ZnO thin-film transistors were fabricated using atomic layer deposition (ALD) then annealed in oxygen at 400°C for 1 hour and are demonstrated. Hexagonal wurtzite structure for ZnO was presented in all films, with a primary diffracted peak in the (100) direction regardless of the annealing treatment. First-principle density functional theory (DFT) calculations supported the observed crystalline characteristics. Electrical characteristics were improved with Si doping, increasing carrier concentration to

3.51
×

10

20

c

m

−
3

and reducing film resistivity to

0.28
×

10

−
1

Ω
.
cm

with well-matched optical bandgap widening from UV-vis results using Tauc plot: Burstein-Moss (BM) effects. After implementing the oxygen ambient annealing and Si doping, the device parameters to realize the low power/energy consumption were improved to an SS value of 0.67 V/decade; threshold voltage (

V

th

) of 0.68 V; and a field effect mobility (

μ

FE

) of 5.22 cm2/V·s, respectively. The improved device parameters were related to the reduced interface trap densities due to annealing passivated oxygen vacancies, and the BM effect induced percolation conduction with increased carrier concentration due to Si doping, respectively. Thus, incorporating Si-based ZnO materials by ALD offers a viable candidate for superior device characteristics for energy-saving appliances.