bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of reflective groundcovers for pest and fruit quality management in commercial pear orchards
Authors: Orpet Robert J. , Beers Elizabeth H. , DuPont S. Tianna , Hilton Rick , Kalcsits Lee A. , Nottingham Louis B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractReflective groundcovers can improve crop yield and quality and deter pests by increasing light penetration into plant canopies. In pear (Pyrus communis L.) orchards, this could increase profitability and reduce reliance on insecticides to manage pear psylla (Cacopsylla pyricola [Foerster]). Two types of reflective groundcovers, metallized polyethylene film (metallized film) and white geotextile fabric (reflective fabric), are known to increase pear yield and quality, and metallized film was recently reported to suppress pear psylla. Here, we tested reflective fabric for pear psylla suppression at a research orchard in 2019, then we partnered with five pear orchard managers to test metallized film and reflective fabric for pear psylla suppression at five conventional commercial orchards in 2020 and one organic commercial orchard in 2021. There was evidence of pear psylla suppression by both metallized film and reflective fabric, but effects varied among reflective materials, pear psylla life stages, season and year of study. Reflective groundcovers did not affect fruit size, weight, sunburn or pest mite abundance, and they were compatible with pear psylla biocontrol. Low perceived benefit relative to cost was a barrier to continued trialling and adoption. Whereas orchardists in our study used reflective groundcovers in addition to normal pesticide regimes, previous research studies suggest that reflective groundcovers can profitably replace some insecticides. Future studies are needed to test the outcomes of replacing pesticides with reflective groundcovers in commercial orchards and understand under what circumstances they improve pear quality and yield.
Social, economic, and legal aspects of polder implementation for flood risk management in Poland and Hungary
Authors: Warachowska Weronika , Ungvári Gábor , Kis András , Matczak Piotr , Zwoliński Zbigniew 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe implementation of nature‐based solutions that involve natural processes to mutually decrease flood risk and protect natural ecosystems can be an answer to the demand for resilient flood risk management (FRM). As an example of a nature‐based solution, flood polders have the potential to deliver those benefits; however, a need for innovation is observed in the field of redefining, combining, and reformulating existing approaches to improve the welfare and wellbeing of individuals and communities. This article aims to investigate polder implementation and management processes, perceived as a potential introduction of social innovation in Poland and Hungary, where social innovation in FRM is required but where the introduction of innovative solutions stalls at different stages. Based on a comparative analysis, a set of factors for effective social innovation was formulated regarding formal and legal conditions and economic and social aspects of polder management and implementation. Each of identified factors can either allow or hinder public engagement and successful social innovation.
How Do Mortgage Rate Resets Affect Consumer Spending and Debt Repayment? Evidence from Canadian Consumers
Authors: KARTASHOVA KATYA , ZHOU XIAOQING 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOne of the most important channels through which monetary policy affects the real economy is changes in mortgage rates. This paper studies the effects of mortgage rate changes resulting from monetary policy shifts on homeowners' spending, debt repayment, and defaults. The Canadian institutional setting facilitates the design of identification strategies for causal inference, since the vast majority of mortgages in the country experience predetermined, periodic, and automatic contract renewals with the mortgage rate reset based on the prevailing market rate. This allows us to exploit quasi‐random variation in the timing of the rate reset and to present causal evidence for both rate declines and increases using detailed, representative consumer credit panel data. We find asymmetric effects of rate changes on spending, debt repayment, and defaults. Our results can be rationalized by the conventional cash‐flow effect in conjunction with changes in consumer expectations about future interest rates upon the reset. Given the pervasiveness of Canadian‐type mortgages in many other OECD countries, our findings have broader implications for the transmission of monetary policy to the household sector.
Does working hard really pay off? Testing the temporal ordering between workaholism and job performance
Authors: Xu Xiaohong , Peng Yisheng , Ma Jie , Jalil Daroon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIs workaholism an antecedent or a product of job performance? Or is there a reciprocation between workaholism and job performance? To address this issue, we collected data from 352 employees using a two‐wave panel design in Study 1, and 247 employee–supervisor dyads using a three‐wave panel design in Study 2. In Study 1, job performance had a negative effect on working compulsively but not working excessively, whereas, in Study 2, job performance had a positive effect on working compulsively and working excessively. Across the two studies, working compulsively and working excessively had no lagged effect on job performance. Collectively, these findings suggest that job performance causes workaholism rather than the other way around, challenging the traditional view. The inconsistent effects of job performance across working excessively and working compulsively underscore the importance of separating workaholism dimensions. Collectively, our findings challenge the validity of the reinforcement theory of learning and the psychological model of addiction in explaining the development of workaholism. We encourage future research to address when job performance has a positive, negative or null effect on workaholism to further improve our understanding of the causal relationship between workaholism and job performance.
Machine learning of surrender: Optimality and humanity
Authors: Jia Bowen , Wang Ling , Wong Hoi Ying 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe develop a novel machine learning (ML) framework to estimate a surrender charge for variable annuities (VAs) with the balance between human behavior and rational optimality. Optimality accounts for insurers' potential losses from strategic surrenders by policyholders who attempt to take advantage of the market situation. However, policyholders sometimes need to surrender a VA because of sudden personal financial distress or a terminal illness. The literature contains contributions for these two surrender decisions separately, but we consider them simultaneously using ML. The ML framework is a Bayesian mixture of a deep optimal stopping rule based on potentially high‐dimensional financial variables and a statistical model with historical data. This framework can help insurers and pension funds to set surrender charges and perform stress testing in ways that balance profits and social responsibility by incorporating policyholders' behavioral data.
Capturing the onset of oral processing: Merging of a model food emulsion drop with saliva
Authors: Aidonidou Eleni , Kalathaki Iasmi , Karageorgiou Vassilis , Ritzoulis Christos 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe events occurring before and during the merging of a model liquid food emulsion with saliva have been captured ex vivo using confocal microscopy. In the order of a few seconds, millimeter‐sized drops of liquid food and saliva touch and are deformed; the two surfaces eventually collapse, resulting in the merging of the two phases, in a process reminiscent of emulsion droplets coalescing. The model droplets then surge into saliva. Based on this, two distinct stages can be distinguished for the insertion of a liquid food into the oral cavity: A first phase where two intact phases co‐exist, and the individual viscosities and saliva–liquid food tribology should be important to texture perception; and a second stage, dominated by the rheological properties of the liquid food–saliva mixture. The importance of the surface properties of saliva and liquid food are highlighted, as they may influence the merging of the two phases.
Précis
Authors: Linnebo Øystein 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThin Objects has two overarching ambitions. The first is to clarify and defend the idea that some objects are ‘thin’, in the sense that their existence does not make a substantive demand on reality. The second is to develop a systematic and well‐motivated account of permissible abstraction, thereby solving the so‐called ‘bad company problem’. Here I synthesise the book by briefly commenting on what I regard as its central themes.
Variations in the morphology of lagomorph confluence sinuum on contrast enhanced CT
Authors: Jorge Kelsey , Tolliver Sara , Gasper David , Mans Christoph , Yap Seng Wai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractKnowledge of lagomorph confluence sinuum anatomy on contrast‐enhanced CT may prevent the misdiagnoses of intracranial, extra‐axial masses. The purpose of this retrospective, observational, descriptive study was to describe the characteristics of the confluence sinuum in rabbits on contrast‐enhanced CT. Images of 24 rabbits who had pre‐ and postcontrast CT sequences of the skull were reviewed by an American College of Veterinary Radiology‐certified veterinary radiologist and third‐year radiology resident. Degree of contrast enhancement within the region of the confluence sinuum was graded based on consensus as no (0), mild (1), moderate (2), or marked (3) contrast enhancement. Hounsfield units (HU) of the confluence sinuum was measured in three different regions of interest, averaged for each patient, and divided into each group for comparison using one‐way ANOVA analysis. Contrast enhancement was mild in 45.8% (11/24) rabbits, moderate in 33.3% (8/24), marked in 20.8% (5/24), and none in 0.0% (0/24). There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the average HU of the mild and marked group (P‐value = 0.0001) and moderate and marked groups (P‐value = 0.0010). Two rabbits with marked contrast enhancement were initially misdiagnosed with an intracranial, extra‐axial mass along the parietal lobe based on contrast‐enhanced CT. On necropsy, no gross or histopathological abnormalities were identified in the brain for these rabbits. In summary, contrast enhancement was identified in all rabbits (24/24) on contrast‐enhanced CT imaging . This normal structure can be variable in size should not be mistaken for a pathological lesion in the absence of mass effect, secondary calvarial lysis, or hyperostosis.
DISTINCTIVELY HUMAN? MEANING‐MAKING AND WORLD SHAPING AS CORE PROCESSES OF THE HUMAN NICHE
Authors: Fuentes Agustín 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPart of the task in studying human evolution is developing a deep understanding of what we share, and do not share, with other life, as a mammal, a primate, a hominin, and as members of the genus Homo. A key aspect of this last facet is gained via the examination of the genus Homo across the Pleistocene. By at least the later Pleistocene members of the genus Homo began to habitually insert shared meaning into and onto their world forming one of the bases of contemporary human abilities to develop a distinctive human niche and human culture. Meaning‐laden cultural dynamics constitute the core of a ubiquitous semiotic ecosystem, which in turn structures the architecture of the complex niches and niche construction processes that characterize humanity today. Here, I offer a summary of Pleistocene evolution of the genus Homo and an argument for when and how that extensive and distinctive capacities for shared meaning‐making and a particularly dynamic niche construction emerged.
Integrable equations associated with the finite‐temperature deformation of the discrete Bessel point process
Authors: Cafasso Mattia , Ruzza Giulio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe study the finite‐temperature deformation of the discrete Bessel point process. We show that its largest particle distribution satisfies a reduction of the 2D Toda equation, as well as a discrete version of the integro‐differential Painlevé II equation of Amir–Corwin–Quastel, and we compute initial conditions for the Poissonization parameter equal to 0. As proved by Betea and Bouttier, in a suitable continuum limit the last particle distribution converges to that of the finite‐temperature Airy point process. We show that the reduction of the 2D Toda equation reduces to the Korteweg–de Vries equation, as well as the discrete integro‐differential Painlevé II equation reduces to its continuous version. Our approach is based on the discrete analogue of Its–Izergin–Korepin–Slavnov theory of integrable operators developed by Borodin and Deift.
Effects of free weight and body mass‐based resistance training on thigh muscle size, strength and intramuscular fat in healthy young and middle‐aged individuals
Authors: Ogawa Madoka , Hashimoto Yuto , Mochizuki Yukina , Inoguchi Takamichi , Kouzuma Ayumu , Deguchi Minoru , Saito Mika , Homma Hiroki , Kikuchi Naoki , Okamoto Takanobu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of free weight and body mass‐based resistance training (RT) on muscle size and thigh intramuscular fat (IMF) in young and middle‐aged individuals. Healthy individuals (aged 30–64 years) were assigned to either a free weight RT group (n = 21) or a body mass‐based RT group (n = 16). Both groups performed whole‐body resistance exercise twice a week for 8 weeks. Free weight resistance exercises (squats, bench press, deadlift, dumbbell rows and back range) involved 70% one repetition maximum, with three sets of 8–12 repetitions per exercise. The nine body mass‐based resistance exercises (leg raise, squats, rear raise, overhead shoulder mobility exercise, rowing, dips, lunge, single‐leg Romanian deadlifts and push‐ups) included the maximum possible repetitions per session, which were performed in one or two sets. Mid‐thigh magnetic resonance images using the two‐point Dixon method were taken pre‐ and post‐training. The muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA) and IMF content in the quadriceps femoris were measured from the images. Both the groups showed significantly increased muscle CSA post‐training (free weight RT group, P = 0.001; body mass‐based RT group, P = 0.002). IMF content in the body mass‐based RT group significantly decreased (P = 0.036) but did not significantly change in the free weight RT group (P = 0.076). These results suggest that the free weight and body mass‐based RTs could induce muscle hypertrophy; however, in healthy young and middle‐aged individuals, decreased IMF content was induced following the body mass‐based RT alone.
Mapping the Soil Frontiers with Legacy Soil Data: An Approach for Covering the Lack of Updated Reference Maps of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Vasconcelos Bruno Nery Fernandes , Bravo João Vitor Meza , Cunha Jorge Eduardo Ferreira , Fernandes-Filho Elpídio Inácio 
Published: May 2023

Digital Soil Mapping (DSM) of large areas is a time-consuming and expensive process, where soil scientists take as many as possible observations to predict soil classes and their attributes. Sometimes, the DSM is made in geographic regions with no updated geographic information, leading the soil scientist to depend on Legacy Soil Data (LSD). However, LSD is not always available at an adequate scale or resolution, forcing soil scientists to find creative solutions. Here we present a method for mapping soil frontiers with no updated reference data. We demonstrate that by combining different LSD sources with adequate predictive environmental covariables, the results could be consistent enough for mapping the soil frontiers of a large geographic region without updated reference data. For doing that, we have adopted the full geographic extension of Minas Gerais state – Brazil – as a study area. Within its extension, Minas Gerais has heterogeneity in soil classes and soil formation processes, phenomena triggered by such a divergent universe of environmental variables. Minas Gerais has no updated soil maps, making it a relevant study case for this research. Thus, we conclude that the Digital Soil Mapping process could be enriched by using different sources of Legacy Soil Data, even when there is no updated reference data.
What’s in a Name? Evaluating Assembly-Part Semantic Knowledge in Language Models Through User-Provided Names in Computer Aided Design Files
Authors: Meltzer Peter , Lambourne Joseph G. , Grandi Daniele 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Semantic knowledge of part-part and part-whole relationships in assemblies is useful for a variety of tasks from searching design repositories to the construction of engineering knowledge bases. In this work, we propose that the natural language names designers use in computer aided design (CAD) software are a valuable source of such knowledge, and that large language models (LLMs) contain useful domain-specific information for working with this data as well as other CAD and engineering-related tasks. In particular, we extract and clean a large corpus of natural language part, feature, and document names and use this to quantitatively demonstrate that a pre-trained language model can outperform numerous benchmarks on three self-supervised tasks, without ever having seen this data before. Moreover, we show that fine-tuning on the text data corpus further boosts the performance on all tasks, thus demonstrating the value of the text data which until now has been largely ignored. We also identify key limitations to using LLMs with text data alone, and our findings provide a strong motivation for further work into multi-modal text-geometry models. To aid and encourage further work in this area we make all our data and code publicly available.
Machine Learning Tools for Flow-Related Defects Detection in Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Ambrosio Danilo , Wagner Vincent , Dessein Gilles , Vivas Javier , Cahuc Olivier 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Flow-related defects in friction stir welding are critical for the joints affecting their mechanical properties and functionality. One way to identify them, avoiding long and sometimes expensive destructive and nondestructive testing, is using machine learning tools with monitored physical quantities as input data. In this work, artificial neural network and decision tree models are trained, validated, and tested on a large dataset consisting of forces, torque, and temperature in the stirred zone measured when friction stir welding three aluminum alloys such as 5083-H111, 6082-T6, and 7075-T6. The built models successfully classified welds between sound and defective with accuracies over 95%, proving their usefulness in identifying defects on new datasets. Independently from the models, the temperature in the stirred zone is found to be the most influential parameter for the assessment of friction stir weld quality.
HYPAD-UQ: A Derivative-Based Uncertainty Quantification Method Using a Hypercomplex Finite Element Method
Authors: Balcer Matthew , Aristizabal Mauricio , Rincon-Tabares Juan-Sebastian , Montoya Arturo , Restrepo David , Millwater Harry 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A derivative-based uncertainty quantification (UQ) method called HYPAD-UQ that utilizes sensitivities from a computational model was developed to approximate the statistical moments and Sobol' indices of the model output. Hypercomplex automatic differentiation (HYPAD) was used as a means to obtain accurate high-order partial derivatives from computational models such as finite element analyses. These sensitivities are used to construct a surrogate model of the output using a Taylor series expansion and subsequently used to estimate statistical moments (mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis) and Sobol' indices using algebraic expansions. The uncertainty in a transient linear heat transfer analysis was quantified with HYPAD-UQ using first-order through seventh-order partial derivatives with respect to seven random variables encompassing material properties, geometry, and boundary conditions. Random sampling of the analytical solution and the regression-based stochastic perturbation finite element method were also conducted to compare accuracy and computational cost. The results indicate that HYPAD-UQ has superior accuracy for the same computational effort compared to the regression-based stochastic perturbation finite element method. Sensitivities calculated with HYPAD can allow higher-order Taylor series expansions to be an effective and practical UQ method.
Drivers of stability and transience in composition-functioning links during serial propagation of litter-decomposing microbial communities
Authors: Moore Eric R. , Suazo Dennis , Babilonia Joany , Montoya Kyana N. , Gallegos-Graves La Verne , Sevanto Sanna , Dunbar John , Albright Michaeline B. N. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Biotic factors that influence the temporal stability of microbial community functioning are an emerging research focus for the control of natural and engineered systems. The discovery of common features within community ensembles that differ in functional stability over time is a starting point to explore biotic factors. We serially propagated a suite of soil microbial communities through five generations of 28-day microcosm incubations to examine microbial community compositional and functional stability during plant litter decomposition. Using dissolved organic carbon (DOC) abundance as a target function, we hypothesized that microbial diversity, compositional stability, and associated changes in interactions would explain the
relative
stability of the ecosystem function between generations. Communities with initially high DOC abundance tended to converge towards a “low DOC” phenotype within two generations, but across all microcosms, functional stability between generations was highly variable. By splitting communities into two cohorts based on their relative DOC functional stability, we found that compositional shifts, diversity, and interaction network complexity were associated with the stability of DOC abundance between generations. Further, our results showed that legacy effects were important in determining compositional and functional outcomes, and we identified taxa associated with high DOC abundance. In the context of litter decomposition, achieving functionally stable communities is required to utilize soil microbiomes to increase DOC abundance and long-term terrestrial DOC sequestration as one solution to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Identifying factors that stabilize function for a community of interest may improve the success of microbiome engineering applications.

IMPORTANCE
Microbial community functioning can be highly dynamic over time. Identifying and understanding biotic factors that control functional stability is of significant interest for natural and engineered communities alike. Using plant litter–decomposing communities as a model system, this study examined the stability of ecosystem function over time following repeated community transfers. By identifying microbial community features that are associated with stable ecosystem functions, microbial communities can be manipulated in ways that promote the consistency and reliability of the desired function, improving outcomes and increasing the utility of microorganisms.
Supplemental Material: Breaking plates: Creation of the East Anatolian fault, the Anatolian plate, and a tectonic escape system
Authors: Whitney Donna L , al. et 
Published: May 2023

<p>S1: Description of thermochronology methods and associated references. Tables S2–S5. S6-8: Maximum Mode thermal history. S6-9: Summary of graphical QTQt inverse thermal modeling plots. Figures S6–S10. </p>