bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diminished Auditory Cortex Dynamic Range and its Clinical Correlates in First Episode Psychosis
Authors: Sklar Alfredo L , Ren Xi , Chlpka Lydia , Curtis Mark , Coffman Brian A , Salisbury Dean F 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
There is growing appreciation for the contribution of sensory disruptions to disease morbidity in psychosis. The present study examined auditory cortex (AC) dynamic range: the scaling of neurophysiological responses to stimulus intensity, among individuals with a schizophrenia spectrum illness (FESz) and its relationship to clinical outcomes at disease onset.

Study Design
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was recorded from 35 FESz and 40 healthy controls (HC) during binaural presentation of tones at three intensities (75 dB, 80 dB, and 85 dB). MRIs were obtained to enhance cortical localization of MEG sensor-level activity. All participants completed the MATRICS cognitive battery (MCCB) and Global Functioning: Role and Social scales (GFR/GFS). Patients were administered the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).

Study Results
FESz exhibited reduced AC response relative to HC. Enhancement of AC activity to tones of increasing intensity was blunted in FESz relative to HC. Reduced dynamic range (85–75 dB AC response) was associated with lower GFS (r = .58) and GFR (r = .45) scores, worse MCCB performance (r = .45), and increased PANSS Negative symptom subscale scores (r = −.55) among FESz, relationships not observed with AC responses to individual tones.

Conclusion
Beyond an impaired AC response to pure tones, FESz exhibit reduced dynamic range relative to HC. This impairment was correlated with markers of disease morbidity including poorer community functioning as well as cognitive and negative symptoms. The relationship with impaired social functioning may reflect the role of AC dynamic range in decoding the emotional content of language and highlights its importance to future therapeutic sensory remediation protocols.
Missions as boundary objects for transformative change: understanding coordination across policy, research, and stakeholder communities
Authors: Janssen Matthijs J , Wesseling Joeri , Torrens Jonas , Weber K Matthias , Penna Caetano , Klerkx Laurens 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Recent times have seen the rediscovery and adaptation of mission-oriented innovation policies (MIPs) for driving transformative change. While such policies seek to mobilise and align stakeholders, little is known about how missions feature in policy coordination processes. We argue that to facilitate the still troublesome operationalisation of MIPs, it is essential to understand missions as ‘boundary objects’ that have some shared meanings among the participants they convene, yet are open enough to be interpreted differently by distinct actors gathering in four interconnected policy arenas—i.e. a strategic, programmatic, implementation, and performance arena. By studying the European Commission’s Horizon Europe missions, we unravel how missions as boundary objects enable and disable the coordination of heterogeneous communities. The resulting analytical perspective highlights three key mechanisms for coordinating mission meanings across communities and arenas: convergence–divergence, passage, and reflexive learning. We conclude with research avenues for studying missions as boundary objects for facilitating concerted action.
Glutamate Positively Regulates Chitinase Activity and the Biocontrol Efficacy of Pseudomonas protegens
Authors: Takeuchi Kasumi , Ogiso Masayo , Morohoshi Tomohiro , Seo Shigemi 
Published: February 2023

Broad-spectrum biocontrol by Pseudomonas protegens CHA0 and other fluorescent pseudomonads is achieved through the generation of various secondary metabolites with antibiotic activities against not only other microbes but, also, nematodes and insects present in the rhizosphere. A previous metabolomic study demonstrated that intracellular low–molecular weight effectors, such as guanosine tetraphosphate and γ-aminobutyrate, function as important signals in niche adaptation by strain CHA0 to plant roots. We investigated the role of amino acids in the biocontrol trait of P. protegens Cab57 towards Pythium damping off and root rot in cucumber. Among the 11 amino acids tested, only glutamate markedly enhanced the efficacy of biocontrol. An RNA-Seq analysis revealed that glutamate upregulated the expression of a chitinase gene cluster (c21370-c21380, in which the c21370 gene was annotated as a gene encoding the chitin-binding protein cbp and the c21380 gene encoded chitinase chiC) in strain CHA0. Glutamate upregulated the expression of the regulatory small RNA rsmZ but reduced the production levels of other Gac/Rsm-regulated biocontrol factors, such as 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol and pyoluteorin. The promoter activity of cbp and chitinase activity were characterized in detail; their activities were up-regulated in response to glutamate and their expression was under the control of GacA. Therefore, glutamate appears to be essential for biocontrol activity in which chitinase production is regulated in response to glutamate. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
A review of organizing pneumonia
Authors: Ketchersid Kimberlee 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Organizing pneumonia is a clinical and pathological syndrome that describes a lung injury caused by an inflammatory reaction in the alveolar connective tissue. Classified as an interstitial lung disease, it can be secondary to infection, drug toxicity, connective tissue disorders, inhalation injuries (cocaine), organ transplant, or radiotherapy, and also can be idiopathic. Although organizing pneumonia is not a new phenomenon, it has been noted to be a complication of COVID-19, and should be considered in patients who have had COVID-19 and have atypical chest imaging, because treatment includes corticosteroids instead of antimicrobials.
Inflammasomes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection
Authors: Wang Qiankun , Shan Liang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Innate immune responses are the host's first line of defense against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, with pattern recognition receptors detecting viral specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns and initiating antiviral responses. In response to HIV-1 nucleic acids or proteins, some pattern recognition receptors have the ability to assemble a large multiprotein complex called the inflammasome, which triggers pro-inflammatory cytokine release and a form of lytic programmed cell death called pyroptosis. Here, we review our current understanding of the mechanism of the inflammasome in sensing HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, we discuss the contribution of inflammasome activation in HIV-1 pathogenesis as well as potential strategies of targeting inflammasome activation for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.
IMB-0523 Inhibits Enterovirus 71 Replication by Activating Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Signaling to Upregulate Interferon-Stimulated Genes Expression
Authors: Wang Huiqiang , Ge Miao , Li Yanping , Li Yuhuan , Li Zhuorong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection is prevalent in the Asia-Pacific region in recent years. Currently, no drug is available for the prevention and treatment of EV71 infection. IMB-0523, a N-phenylbenzamide derivative, inhibits hepatitis B virus replication by upregulating the expression of APOBEC3G. In the present study, the effect of IMB-0523 on EV71 replication and related mechanism were investigated.

Methods
The cytotoxicity of IMB-0523 was determined by cell counting kit. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay were used to detect the effect of IMB-0523 on EV71 replication and related mechanism. Cytopathic effect assay was used to investigate the effect of IMB-0523 on different EV71 strains, coxsackievirus A16, and coxsackieviruses of group B.

Results
The results showed that IMB-0523 could dose-dependently inhibit EV71 replication. Preliminary mechanism studies showed that IMB-0523 could activate STAT3 signaling to upregulate the expression of interferon-stimulated genes to play an antiviral role. In addition, IMB-0523 inhibited the replication of different EV71 strains, coxsackievirus A16, and coxsackieviruses of group B.

Conclusions
IMB-0523 inhibits EV71 replication by activating the STAT3 signaling pathway to upregulate interferon-stimulated gene expression. IMB-0523 has broad-spectrum antiviral potential and may be used as a lead compound for the development of broad spectrum antiviral drugs.
Retrospective Analysis of the Duration of Hospitalization of Imported Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Guangzhou, 2021
Authors: Xie Zhiwei , Tang Guofang , Li Lu , Shi Jingrong , Gan Qingxin , Zheng Xiaowen , Tang Jingyan , Zeng Huimin , Zhang Chuyu , Chen Sisi , Cui Jianping , Lin Zishi , Lin Lihua , Li Youxia , Liu Jinxin , Li Feng , Hu Fengyu , Tang Xiaoping , Deng Xilong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 is “not over,” in fact, the “dynamic clearing” policy for SARS-CoV-2 control and prevention in China has been firmly enforced. This study aimed to analyze the clinical symptoms and dynamic viral RNA changes in 2021 at Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital. This study showed that 31.4% of the patients (695/2212) tested negative for viral RNA from admission to the final release from quarantine. Of all negative cases, 86.5% (601/695) remained in the hospital for no more than 5 days and were asymptomatic or mild. Among the remaining 402 patients who stayed for no more than 5 days, 76.4% (307/402) were viral RNA retest positive during the isolation stage. However, 96.4% of the peak viral RNA (296/307) was over Ct = 33 cycles during the isolation stage.
Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy for Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis in an Uninsured and Underinsured Cohort
Authors: Schechter Marcos C. , Yao Yutong , Patel Manish , Andruski Rebecca , Rab Saira , Wong Jordan R. , Santamarina Gabriel , Fayfman Maya , Rajani Ravi , Kempker Russell R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO) is usually treated with prolonged outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT). Evaluation and treatment of nonantibiotic aspects of DFO (eg, peripheral artery disease) are also recommended. There are limited data regarding OPAT practice patterns and outcomes for DFO.

Methods
Single-center observational study of patients receiving OPAT for DFO in a large United States public hospital between January 2017 and July 2019. We abstracted data regarding microbiology test, antibiotics, clinical outcomes, and nonantibiotic DFO management.

Results
Ninety-six patients were included and some had >1 DFO-OPAT course during the study period (106 DFO-OPAT courses included). No culture was obtained in 40 (38%) of courses. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was cultured in 15 (14%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 1 (1%) of DFO-OPAT courses. An antibiotic with methicillin-resistant S. aureus activity (vancomycin or daptomycin) was used in 79 (75%) of courses, and a parenteral antibiotic with antipseudomonal activity was used in 7 (6%) of courses. Acute kidney injury occurred in 19 (18%) DFO-OPAT courses. An ankle-brachial index measurement was obtained during or 6 months before the first DFO-OPAT course for 44 (49%) of patients. Forty-two patients (44%) died or had an amputation within 12 months of their initial hospital discharge.

Conclusions
We found high rates of empiric antibiotic therapy for DFO and low uptake of the nonantibiotic aspects of DFO care. Better implementation of microbiological tests for DFO in addition to stronger integration of infectious disease and noninfectious diseases care could improve DFO outcomes.
Central Venous Catheter–Associated Infection: An Experience of a High Complexity Hospital
Authors: Gómez Boada Diego , Parra Amaris Camilo , Tuta-Quintero Eduardo , Bastidas-Goyes Alirio 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are among the pathologies that increase mortality and morbidity in hospitalized patients with some type of device.

Objective
The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, microbiological, therapeutic characteristics, and economic costs associated with CLABSI.

Methodology
This study is a retrospective cohort study in subjects hospitalized at the Central Military Hospital of Bogotá, Colombia, describing the clinical, microbiological, and therapeutic characteristics in patients undergoing the insertion of a central venous catheter (CVC) and comparing them between subjects who did or did not develop infection. Central line–associated bloodstream infections were defined based on the criteria of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, a significant P < 0.05 was considered.

Results
A total of 821 patients were evaluated, of which 75 had a diagnosis of CLABSI, reaching a frequency of 9.1%. Patients with CVC infection were 12 years younger on average compared with the control group (55 vs 67 years; P = 0.001), 85.3% of the population with CVC-associated infection were men compared with 62.0% (P = 0.023) of the group without CLABSI. The CVC anatomical insertion sites with the highest proportion in both study groups were at the jugular and right subclavian levels (P = 0.001). The overall mortality of the study population was 24.6%, reaching 32% in the population with CLABSI compared with 23.9% in the control group (P = 0.254). Patients with CLABSI present higher associated costs during hospitalization (P = 0.013) and total costs (P = 0.028).

Conclusions
The younger population, the male sex, and the anatomical insertion of the CVC at the jugular and right subclavian levels presented a higher proportion of CLABSI. The costs associated with hospitalization and total costs were higher in the group of patients with CLABSI.
Limitation of Interpreting a Single COVID Cycle Threshold Value
Authors: Chen Alice , Leung Anthony K. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The United States reported its first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January 2020. There was limited testing capacity at the time, and the causative agent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was indeed extremely infectious. Testing, therefore, has become a vital part of controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Nucleic acid amplification tests, such as polymerase chain reaction platform, a value called cycle threshold (Ct) is reported. This number represents the number of polymerase chain reaction test cycles it takes for the sample to become positive. It is inversely proportional to the amount of viral RNA present in the sample. Therefore, a high Ct value infers a low quantity of viral RNA, and conversely, a low Ct value implies high viral RNA, which in turn correlates with infectivity. When interpreted appropriately with the right clinical context, it could be used to assess the infectiousness of an individual. In September 2021, a 73-year-old man who previously completed a primary series of Moderna vaccine (2 injections) presented to the hospital with chest pain. Cardiac catheterization showed multivessel coronary artery disease and was deemed to have unstable angina. The plan was to undergo coronary aortic bypass graft surgery. Preoperative routine testing revealed a positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction test with a high Ct value. During the hospital stay, it was shown that he had a decreased Ct value and thus was determined to have an acute case of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection. His surgery was delayed according to the isolation protocol per Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for safety precautions. He eventually underwent coronary aortic bypass graft after completion of isolation and had an uneventful postoperative course. It was also documented that he had serological seroconversion consistent with acute COVID-19 infection. This case illustrates that reporting Ct values is useful in a certain clinical context, but clinicians need to be familiar with the transmissibility and history of SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as understanding the interpretation of positive tests. The appropriate clinical approach and management should be assessed based on exposure history, epidemiology, physical examination, radiographic assessment, and laboratory studies.
Overall survival, late mortality, and cancer-directed surgery among children and adolescents with ultra-rare pediatric pancreatoblastoma in the United States, 1975–2018
Authors: Li Peiyi , Kong Yujia , Wan Lin , Guo Jing , Li Weimin , Zhang Hui , Yang Guang , Zhang Bo 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Pediatric pancreatoblastoma is an extremely rare malignant tumor, posing diagnostic and treatment difficulties for pediatric surgeons. Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we present an up-to-date report of the epidemiology, clinicopathological features, survival rates, and prognosis of pancreatoblastoma in pediatric patients.

Methods:
All pediatric patients diagnosed with pancreatoblastoma between 1975 and 2018 were identified in the SEER registries (SEER 8 registries and SEER 17 registries). We conducted a survival analysis to assess overall survival and 1- and 5-year late mortality rates. Descriptive statistics and log-rank test were performed.

Results:
A total of 22 children and adolescents with pancreatoblastoma were identified. In this cohort, 12 of 22 were male (54.55%), 14 were White (63.64%), and 11 were diagnosed between the ages of 1 and 4 years (50.0%). Among the 22 patients, 11 (50.0%) had distant metastases, whereas 7 (31.82%) had localized, and 4 (18.18%) had a regional disease. A total of 5 children and adolescents died during the study period, with cumulative survival rates of 14 of 17 (82.35%) and 10 of 11 (90.95%) among 1- and 5-year survivors, respectively. Cancer-directed surgery was significantly associated with an increased life expectancy (log-rank test, P = .018).

Conclusion:
Pediatric pancreatoblastoma is a rare entity. Cases that underwent surgery had a greater likelihood of overall survival and reduced late mortality.
Running Gait Retraining in the Management of a Multiparous Runner With Chronic Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Case Study
Authors: Steimling Michael , Roberto Michael , Steimling Melinda 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is highly prevalent in the postpartum population and can result from injury or capacity deficits of the pelvic floor musculature. Impact forces seen during running increase demand on the pelvic floor musculature, resulting in a higher incidence of SUI. Running gait retraining, with emphasis on reducing impact, may reduce symptoms of SUI.

Case Description:
A 43-year-old woman was evaluated for chronic SUI when coughing, sneezing, and running since the birth of her second child 8 years ago. Initial interventions focused on pelvic floor, hip, and abdominal muscle training, and after 3 visits over 4 weeks, her SUI symptoms with coughing and sneezing resolved. She continued to complain of SUI during running. After a 2-dimensional video running gait assessment, running gait retraining was initiated in the form of verbal feedback to reduce the sound intensity of the foot striking the ground.

Outcomes:
After 2 visits of gait retraining over 2 weeks, the patient's SUI symptoms with running resolved. Gait reassessment revealed decreased sound intensity with foot strike. Eight weeks post-treatment, the patient remained symptom-free, and their Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20) total score decreased from 51.04/300 to 4.16/300.

Discussion:
This patient experienced meaningful improvements in symptoms of SUI following standard pelvic physical therapy treatment of pelvic floor, abdominal, and hip muscle training but only achieved resolution of symptoms with running after individualized running gait modification. Running gait retraining to reduce sound intensity during foot strike may have resulted in a decrease in impact and improvements in SUI symptoms while running.
The state of acute care postgraduate training: Faculty observations
Authors: Tennyson Carolina D. , Chen Leon L. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
The benefits to postgraduate training programs (PTPs) for nurse practitioners (NPs) in all populations are being well established in the literature. As health care systems and teams evolve, acute care NPs (neonatal, pediatric, and adult-gerontology) are providing more specialized care to increasingly complex patients. As educators and clinicians, we recognize that acute care PTPs are playing an important role in preparing NPs to work to the top of their scope and training. This article provides our perspectives on the merits of PTPs for adult-gerontology acute care NPs and provides guidance for counseling NPs who are interested in acute care PTPs.
Pneumocystis pneumonia in a patient with diabetes mellitus: A case report
Authors: Li Ziling , Xu Shuyun , Shi Jing , Zhang Yong 
Published: February 2023

Rationale:
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is an opportunistic infection of patients with congenital or acquired immunodeficiency. It is most frequently occurred in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, organ transplantation, leukemia, and immunosuppressive therapy. Here we describe the rare case of PCP in a non-HIV-infected diabetic patient and find possible reasons for the association through a literature review.

Patient concerns:
A 65-years-old male was admitted to our hospital due to a 10-year history of abnormal blood glucose levels and edema of both lower extremities for half a month. However, the patient developed a high fever and progressive dyspnea during hospitalization.

Diagnoses:
The patient had elevated blood sugar levels, a low white blood cell count within normal limits, and severe lymphopenia. His blood G test and lactate dehydrogenase levels increased significantly. Multiple sputa and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens for Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJ) nucleic acid detection were positive. Chest computed tomography scan demonstrated hazy patchy shadows in the lungs suspected to be pulmonary infections. No tumor, transplantation, or an autoimmune disease was found in the examinations. The patient was diagnosed with PCP finally.

Interventions:
A combination of oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and intravenous caspofungin was administered immediately against PJ. The patient was also treated with noninvasive ventilator-assisted ventilation, subcutaneous insulin, and hemodialysis therapy.

Outcomes:
The patient was discharged home finally with a fair general condition and was followed up without respiratory symptoms.

Lessons:
The compromised immunity in HIV-negative patients with diabetes may be related to lymphocyte decrease and dysfunction, which may cause diabetic patients prone to PJ. Although PCP is rare in diabetes, it should be paid attention to the high rate of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.