bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploratory Examination of Speech Disfluencies in Spoken Narrative Samples of School-Age Bidialectal Children
Authors: Johnson Kia N. , Mills Monique T. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
This study examined the relationship between school-age children's speech disfluencies and the use of and variation of Mainstream American English (MAE) and African American English (AAE). Given that bilingual children may present with notably more speech disfluencies than monolingual children, it was hypothesized that bidialectal speaking children (i.e., those that use both MAE and AAE) may exhibit higher speech disfluencies, as compared to children who speak mainly MAE and those who mainly speak AAE. It was also hypothesized that bidialectal speaking children would exhibit a greater variety of speech disfluency types when compared to the other two dialect groups (i.e., MAE and AAE).

Method:

School-age children (
n
= 61) with typical development and fluency were classified into three dialect groups: MAE speakers (
n
= 21), bidialectal MAE–AAE speakers (
n
= 11), and AAE speakers (
n
= 29). Tell–retell narrative samples were elicited from each participant using a wordless picture book. Speech disfluencies exhibited during these narrative samples were examined for frequency of stuttering-like and nonstuttering-like speech disfluencies and type of speech disfluency.

Results:
Findings indicated that bidialectal speaking children do not present with a higher frequency of speech disfluencies when compared to children who speak MAE and children who speak AAE. Additionally, there were no differences in the types of speech disfluencies exhibited by the different dialect groups.

Conclusions:
Unexpected findings of this study nullify both hypotheses and suggest that bidialectalism, in comparison to bilingualism, has less of an impact on speech fluency. Findings provide evidence that bidialectal speaking children are not at an increased risk for a misdiagnosis of stuttering. Clinically, these preliminary findings provide some scientific validity and specification to the appropriateness of using already established diagnostic criteria commonly used for stuttering with dialect speakers.
The nexus of top executives’ attributes, firm strategies, and outcomes: Large firms versus SMEs
Authors: Xie Jun , Nozawa Wataru , Managi Shunsuke 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBased on a unique and extensive dataset of top executives, this study explores the effect of top executives’ attributes on firm performance through strategic choices for capital structure and investments. The big five personalities and top executives’ other four essential personal attributes are identified from over 970,000 observations in Japanese firms. We applied structural equational modeling to test the hypothesized mediation models and the differences across large, medium, and small-sized firms. The results show that top executives in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) present stronger linkages with strategic choices, significantly mediating the relationship between top executives’ attributes and firm performance. Specifically, top executives with higherconscientiousness,decisiveness, andfinancial prudencetend to choose conservative strategies, while those with higherneuroticism, openness, andagreeablenesstend to adopt risky and innovative strategies. In contrast, top executives’ attributes can hardly predict firm strategies and outcomes for large firms, and neither fails to predict firm outcomes in SMEs given the inconsistent mediation.
Overexpression of rice acyl-CoA-binding protein OsACBP5 protects Brassica napus against seedling infection by fungal phytopathogens
Authors: Panthapulakkal Narayanan Saritha , Alahakoon Aruni Y. , Elliott Candace E. , Russell Derek , Taylor Paul W. J. , Lo Clive , Chye Mee-Len 
Published: March 2023

Context Class III acyl-CoA-binding proteins such as those from dicots (Arabidopsis and grapevine) play a role in defence against biotrophic pathogens. The overexpression of the monocot Oryza sativa (rice) OsACBP5 in Arabidopsis and rice has been demonstrated to enhance broad-spectrum disease resistance against selected phytopathogens in OsACBP5-overexpressing (OsACBP5-OE) lines. Aims We aimed to develop transgenic rapid-cycling Brassica napus (B. napus-RC) and canola cv. Westar OsACBP5-OEs using tissue culture-based Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and to evaluate transgenic plants for resistance against Alternaria blight, blackleg and Sclerotinia rot diseases. Methods Transgenic B. napus-RC and cv. Westar OsACBP5-OEs were generated through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 harbouring a plasmid with the rice complementary DNA encoding OsACBP5 driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Alternaria blight and blackleg pathogen assays were based on infecting young cotyledons, while detached leaf assay was used to test the tolerance of B. napus plants toward Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Key results Average transformation efficiencies of 24.2% and 29.1% were obtained for B. napus-RC and B. napus cv. Westar cotyledons respectively. OsACBP5-OE plants exhibited resistance 5 days after inoculation with Alternaria brassicae, 12 days after inoculation with Leptosphaeria maculans, and 24 h after inoculation with S. sclerotiorum. Conclusions Transformation of B. napus-RC was shown herein to be an effective trait testing platform for canola. This study also provides an insight into the usefulness of OsACBP5 in enhancing resistance to necrotrophic phytopathogens. Implications OsACBP5 can be overexpressed in other crops to generate pathogen-resistant varieties.
Preparation and characterisation of tin bronze/steel composites by solid–liquid bonding with vibration
Authors: Dong Guangxu , Peng Bo , Sun Jia , Liu Shichao , Liu Qing , Sun Xiaoqi , Wang Xianlong , Ding Haimin , Jie Jinchuan , Li Tingju 
Published: March 2023

In the present study, mechanical vibration was applied in the preparation of the tin bronze/steel bimetal composite by the solid–liquid bonding, and the effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The results show that mechanical vibration refines the microstructure of tin bronze and accelerates the interdiffusion between the two components, resulting in the improvement of the bonding strength and Brinell hardness. With the vibration frequency of 30 Hz, the composite strength and hardness are significantly improved. The finite element method further shows that the exciting force and homogeneous temperature field caused by the vibration are the main reasons for the microstructure optimisation. HIGHLIGHTS The tin bronze/1010 steel bimetallic layered composites with homogeneous microstructure are prepared by solid–liquid bonding under the mechanical vibration field. The interface thickness can be increased by applying mechanical vibration to the solid–liquid bonding process of the bimetals. Combined with the results of finite element simulation, the effect mechanism of the mechanical vibration in the preparation process was discussed. With the application of mechanical vibration, the hardness and interfacial bonding strength of the bimetals are obviously improved, and there is an optimal vibration parameter.
The rebound height of a capsule-shaped object
Authors: Yao Xing-Xing , Wang Zi-Wen , Zhao Liang-Liang , Zheng Yuan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The bouncing process of an irregular object falling on the ground contains many interesting mechanical problems. The article investigated the bounce height of a capsule-shaped object when it falls on the ground. The variation of three physical quantities, namely the angle of the object, the linear velocity of the center of mass and the angular velocity relative to the center of mass when it fell on the ground are studied. According to the limit condition of friction, the three-dimensional phase diagram of the above three physical quantities was drawn when the fall height of the capsule-shaped object and the bounce height was equal. The movement of the capsule-shaped object is captured by using two cameras positioned perpendicular to each other. The trajectory was tracked by TRACKER software to obtain the fall height and bounce height of the capsule. When the bounce height was higher than the fall height, it was marked with a red dot. If both heights were equal, it was marked with a black dot. Otherwise, it was marked with a blue dot. Different types of experimental data points are plotted in the phase diagram. A large amount of random experimental data verifies the correctness of the theory.
The toppling iPad
Authors: Ziese M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The motion of a toppling iPad is analyzed in detail. Measurements of angular velocity and linear acceleration were made for toppling about the edges and corners. From the analysis of the angular velocity, the position of the center of mass and the gyration radii were determined. The position of the accelerometer in the iPad was measured using both the centrifugal acceleration and the Euler acceleration, with the latter measurement providing more accurate data. This experiment could be used in the first year of a university course in mechanics, either in a physics laboratory or as a home experiment.
The algebraic origin of the Doppler factor in the Liénard–Wiechert potentials
Authors: Galeriu Călin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
After reviewing the algebraic derivation of the Doppler factor in the Liénard–Wiechert potentials of an electrically charged point particle, we conclude that the Dirac delta function used in electrodynamics must be the one obeying the weak definition, non-zero in an infinitesimal neighborhood, and not the one obeying the strong definition, non-zero in a point. This conclusion emerges from our analysis of (a) the derivation of an important Dirac delta function identity, which generates the Doppler factor, (b) the linear superposition principle implicitly used by the Green function method, and (c) the two equivalent formulations of the Schwarzschild–Tetrode–Fokker action. As a consequence, in full agreement with our previous discussion of the geometrical origin of the Doppler factor, we conclude that the electromagnetic interaction takes place not between points in Minkowski space, but between corresponding infinitesimal segments along the worldlines of the particles.
Semi-reflective visor-based compact head-worn light field display
Authors: Park Hongbae , Stoeber Boris 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We propose a visor-based see-through head-worn light field display. The visor is a semi-reflective concave image combiner that overlays virtual imagery to the user’s visual field. The visor has a toroidal surface profile for off-axis astigmatism correction. Virtual images are created at different depths using a classical light field assembly (LFA), which comprises a microlens array and a display source. The LFA is placed at an angle above the visor, clear of the user’s line of sight. The image plane of the LFA is placed near the focal plane of the visor. Since the LFA forms virtual images farther away from the plane of the display source, the LFA itself can be brought close to the visor, allowing for a more compact display system compared to conventional head-worn displays.
Investigation of flow characteristics in a twin-surface dielectric barrier discharge reactor by Schlieren imaging
Authors: Ollegott Kevin , Wirth Philipp , Oberste-Beulmann Christian , Sakthi Gokul Siddarth Mani , Magazova Aliya , Hermanns Patrick , Peters Niklas , Schücke Lars , Bracht Vera , Agar David W , Awakowicz Peter , Muhler Martin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Dielectric barrier discharges are an emerging technology for the plasma-catalytic removal of volatile organic compounds and other gas purification challenges such as the removal of O2 traces from H2. Packed-bed reactors are mainly used for these applications, but surface dielectric barrier discharges (SDBDs) typically printed on thin dielectric plates are promising alternatives for the treatment of large volumetric flow rates due to their low flow resistance causing a low pressure drop. Especially for SDBDs the flow conditions are crucial, because the active plasma filled volume covering the mentioned plates with a typical thickness of 0.1 mm is small in comparison to the overall reactor volume with a typical distance of some tens of millimeters to the reactor wall. In this study, the flow conditions of a twin-SDBD were investigated by Schlieren imaging applied in converting O2 traces in H2 containing gas mixtures to H2O and compared to fluid dynamics simulations. Schlieren imaging was used to visualize local gradients of the refractive index inside the SDBD reaction chamber, while gas composition, dissipated power, or flow rate were varied. Without a plasma discharge, laminar flow dominates, resulting in a conversion below 10% over a Pt-coated electrode configuration in the reaction of O2 traces with H2. With the plasma discharge, full conversion was achieved for the same reaction without catalyst, although the plasma is also confined to the surface of the electrode configuration. Schlieren structures covering the complete cross section of the reaction chamber were observed, showing that strong radial mass transport is induced by the plasma. The shape and extent of the Schlieren structures is ascribed to a superimposition of gas flow, thermal expansion from the plasma volume, thermal buoyancy as well as an electrohydrodynamic force between the electrodes and the grounded reactor walls. Fluid dynamics simulations show vortex formation above and below the electrode, created by the electrohydrodynamic force further implying extensive mass transport by the plasma, which is visualized in addition by carbonaceous deposits on the reactor lid. This emerging deposition pattern during toluene decomposition closely corresponds to the electrode geometry. It is proposed that the reaction proceeds only in the active plasma volume and that reactive species transported to the bulk gas phase only have a minor contribution. Thus, the degree of conversion of the SDBD reactor is not only determined by the chemical reactivity in the plasma volume, but also by its plasma-induced mass transport resulting in efficient gas mixing. These findings reveal new possibilities to improve SDBD reactors for gas purification applications based on their favorable flow conditions.
Entropy production rates for different notions of partial information
Authors: Ghosal Aishani , Bisker Gili 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Experimentally monitoring the dynamics of a physical system, one cannot possibly resolve all the microstates or all the transitions between them. Theoretically, these partially observed systems are modeled by considering only the observed states and transitions while the rest are hidden, by merging microstates into a single mesostate, or by decimating unobserved states. The deviation of a system from thermal equilibrium can be characterized by a non-zero value of the entropy production rate (EPR). Based on the partially observed information of the states or transitions, one can only infer a lower bound on the total EPR. Previous studies focused on several approaches to optimize the lower bounds on the EPR, fluctuation theorems associated with the apparent EPR, information regarding the network topology inferred from partial information, etc. Here, we calculate partial EPR values of Markov chains driven by external forces from different notions of partial information. We calculate partial EPR from state-based coarse-graining, namely decimation and two lumping protocols with different constraints, either preserving transition flux, or the occupancy number correlation function. Finally, we compare these partial EPR values with the EPR inferred from the observed cycle affinity. Our results can further be extended to other networks and various external driving forces.
HCOO−
aq degradation in droplets by OHaq in an atmospheric pressure glow discharge
Authors: Meyer Mackenzie , Nayak Gaurav , Bruggeman Peter J , Kushner Mark J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Plasmas in contact with liquids can degrade organic molecules in a solution, as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced in the plasma solvate into the liquid. Immersing small droplets (tens of microns in diameter) in the plasma can more rapidly activate the liquid compared to treating a large volume of liquid with a smaller surface-to-volume ratio. The interactions between a radio frequency glow discharge sustained in He/H2O and a water droplet containing formate (HCOO−
aq) immersed in and flowing through the plasma were modeled using a zero-dimensional global plasma chemistry model to investigate these activation processes. HCOO
−

aq interacts with OHaq, which is produced from the solvation of OH from the gas phase. The resulting HCOO
−

aq concentrations were benchmarked with previously reported experimental measurements. The diameter of the droplet, initial HCOO
−

aq concentration, and gas flow rate affect only the HCOO
−

aq concentration and OHaq density, leaving the OH density in the gas phase unaffected. Power deposition and gas mixture (e.g. percentage of H2O) change both the gas and liquid phase chemistry. A general trend was observed: during the first portion of droplet exposure to the plasma, OHaq primarily consumes HCOO
−

aq. However, O2
−
aq, a byproduct of HCOO
−

aq consumption, consumes OHaq once O2
−
aq reaches a critically large density. Using HCOO
−

aq as a surrogate for OHaq-sensitive contaminants, combinations of residence time, droplet diameter, water vapor density, and power will determine the optimum remediation strategy.
Evaluating the influence of deformation variables on dynamic recrystallization behavior using a crystal plasticity model
Authors: Chatterjee Ritam , Narayana Murty S V S , Alankar Alankar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The present study is an attempt to model dynamic recrystallization (DRX) in a single phase metal using a mean field crystal plasticity (MFCP) based approach. A new empirical equation is proposed to model nucleation, in which the nucleation rate is a function of microstructure and plasticity descriptors that are known to affect DRX behavior, such as the temperature, strain rate, grain fineness and stored energy. Grains undergo nucleation when their dislocation density exceeds a threshold value. Subsequently, new grains grow based on the difference in stored deformation energy with respect to the average value over all grains. The MFCP-DRX model is able to correctly predict trends for the flow stress, dislocation density evolution, grain size evolution and kinetics across a range of temperatures and strain rates for uniaxial compression. Transition of the flow stress from single to multiple peaks is observed with increasing temperature and decreasing strain rate, thus comparing well against known DRX trends. The evolutions of crystallographic texture during DRX in uniaxial compression and plane strain compression are compared against experimental observations. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to understand the effect of variables on nucleation and growth. The competition between nucleation and growth dominated deformation in different strain regimes is analyzed in detail across various temperatures and strain rates.
Rapid fabrication of nanoporous iron by atmospheric plasma for efficient wastewater treatment
Authors: Lu AnKang , Li HanYu , Yu Yao , Liu Lin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Nanoporous (NP) iron with large surface area is highly desired for wastewater degradation catalysis. However, it remains a challenge for the fabrication of NP-Fe because the conventional aqueous dealloying or liquid metal dealloying are not applicable. Herein, a novel and universal plasma-assisted electro-dealloying technique was utilized to fabricate NP-Fe. The NP-Fe demonstrates evenly distributed pore structure. The pore density can be tuned by the variation of the ratio of Fe and Zn in the precursor, and the average pore size can be tuned by the processing time. Owing to its large specific surface area, the NP-Fe shows excellent wastewater degradation performance, which is 26 times better than that of commercial zero-valent iron catalysts. This study provides a useful approach to fabricate NP active metals with enhanced catalytic performance.
Topology automaton of self-similar sets and its applications to metrical classifications
Authors: Huang Liang-Yi , Wen Zhi-Ying , Yang Ya-Min , Zhu Yun-Jie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The topological and metrical classifications of fractal sets are important topics in analysis. The goal of the present paper is to carry out such studies by using a finite state automaton. Firstly, we introduce Σ-automaton for self-similar sets, and we define topology automaton for fractal gaskets. Next, we show that a fractal gasket is always bi-Hölder equivalent to the pseudo-metric space induced by its topology automaton. Thirdly, we investigate when the pseudo-metric spaces induced by different automata can be bi-Lipschitz equivalent. As an application, we obtain a rather general sufficient condition for two fractal gaskets to be bi-Hölder or bi-Lipschitz equivalent.
Erratum: Non-i.i.d. random holomorphic dynamical systems and the generic dichotomy (2022 Nonlinearity
35 1857)
Authors: Sumi Hiroki , Watanabe Takayuki 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Due to processing errors in production, some corrections requested by the authors were not implemented in the published version of the paper. Here, we provide the necessary correction to the paper (Sumi and Watanabe 2022 Nonlinearity
35 1857–75). In particular, Main result C is corrected and some symbols used in Sumi and Watanabe (2022 Nonlinearity
35 1857–75) are specified.
Leslie’s ‘can’ using Arduino
Authors: Garcia E M , Goncalves A M B , Calheiro L B 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The heat irradiated by a surface depends on its temperature, colour, and roughness. In this manuscript, we built a 3D-printed rotary platform to monitor the radiation emitted by different surfaces and their temperatures. Instead of using a cube, we used a can with four regions (black, white, shiny, and matt surfaces). An Arduino board is responsible for controlling a step motor that rotates the can and collects simultaneous data from an infrared sensor module and a thermometer. With this apparatus, the students can observe the infrared radiation intensity as a function of the surface.
On the relationship between the multi-region relaxed variational principle and resistive inner-layer theory
Authors: Kumar A , Loizu J , Hole M J , Qu Z S , Hudson S R , Dewar R L 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We show that the variational energy principle of the multi-region relaxed magnetohydrodynamic (MRxMHD) model can be used to predict finite-pressure linear tearing instabilities. In this model, the plasma volume is sliced into sub-volumes separated by ‘ideal interfaces’, and in each volume the magnetic field relaxes to a Taylor state, where the pressure gradient

∇
p
=
0

. The MRxMHD model is implemented in the Stepped-Pressure Equilibrium Code (SPEC) so that the equilibrium solution in each region is computed while preserving the force balance across the interfaces. As SPEC computes the Hessian matrix (a discretized stability matrix), the stability of an MRxMHD equilibrium can also be computed with SPEC. In this article, using SPEC, we investigate the effect of local pressure gradients and the

∇
p
=
0

in the vicinity of the resonant surface of a tearing mode. For low-beta plasma, we have been able to illustrate a relationship between the resistive singular-layer theory (Coppi et al 1966 Nucl. Fusion
6 101; Glasser et al 1975 Phys. Fluids
18 875–88) and the MRxMHD model. Within the singular layer, the volume-averaged magnetic helicity and the flux-averaged toroidal flux are shown to be the invariants for the linear tearing modes in SPEC simulations. Our technique to compute MRxMHD stability is first tested numerically in a cylindrical tokamak and its application in toroidal geometry is demonstrated. We demonstrate an agreement between the stability boundary obtained with SPEC simulation and the resistive inner-layer theories.