bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic winding and turbulence in ultra-hot Jupiters
Authors: Soriano-Guerrero Clàudia , Viganò Daniele , Perna Rosalba , Akgün Taner , Palenzuela Carlos 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
While magnetism in exoplanets remains largely unknown, hot Jupiters have been considered as natural candidates to harbour intense magnetic fields, both due to their large masses, which might empower a larger internal dynamo, and, possibly, due to their high energy budgets coming from irradiation. In this work, we focus on the latter aspect and perform MHD simulations of a narrow dayside atmospheric column of ultra-hot Jupiters, suitable for very high local temperatures (T ≳ 3000 K). Due to the high conductivity in this regime, the primary influence is the winding of the magnetic field caused by the intense zonal winds. In our study, we include a forcing that mimics the wind profiles observed in GCMs near the substellar point. As a result, the shear layer generates a toroidal magnetic field, locally reaching a few kG, which is supported by meridional currents. Such fields and the sustaining currents do not depend on the internal field but are all confined in the thin (less than a scale-height) shear layer around 1 bar. Additionally, we add random perturbations that induce turbulent motions, which lead to further (but much smaller) magnetic field generation to a broader range of depths. These results enable the assessment of the atmospheric currents that are induced. Although here we use ideal MHD and the only resistivity comes from the numerical scheme at a fixed resolution, we estimate a posteriori the amount of Ohmic heat deposited in the outer layers, which could be employed in evolutionary models for Hot Jupiters’ inflated radii.
SN 2020udy: an SN Iax with strict limits on interaction consistent with a helium-star companion
Authors: Maguire Kate , Magee Mark R , Leloudas Giorgos , Miller Adam A , Dimitriadis Georgios , Pursiainen Miika , Bulla Mattia , De Kishalay , Gal-Yam Avishay , Perley Daniel A , Fremling Christoffer , Karambelkar Viraj R , Nordin Jakob , Reusch Simeon , Schulze Steve , Sollerman Jesper , Terreran Giacomo , Yang(杨轶) Yi , Bellm Eric C , Groom Steven L , Kasliwal Mansi M , Kulkarni Shrinivas R , Lacroix Leander , Masci Frank J , Purdum Josiah N , Sharma Yashvi , Smith Roger 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTEarly observations of transient explosions can provide vital clues to their progenitor origins. In this paper, we present the nearby Type Iax (02cx-like) supernova (SN), SN 2020udy, that was discovered within hours (∼7 h) of estimated first light. An extensive data set of ultra-violet, optical, and near-infrared observations was obtained, covering out to ∼150 d after explosion. SN 2020udy peaked at −17.86 ± 0.43 mag in the r band and evolved similarly to other ‘luminous’ SNe Iax, such as SNe 2005hk and 2012Z. Its well-sampled early light curve allows strict limits on companion interaction to be placed. Main-sequence companion stars with masses of 2 and 6 M⊙ are ruled out at all viewing angles, while a helium-star companion is allowed from a narrow range of angles (140–180° away from the companion). The spectra and light curves of SN 2020udy are in good agreement with those of the ‘N5def’ deflagration model of a near Chandrasekhar-mass carbon–oxygen white dwarf. However, as has been seen in previous studies of similar luminosity events, SN 2020udy evolves slower than the model. Broad-band linear polarization measurements taken at and after peak are consistent with no polarization, in agreement with the predictions of the companion-star configuration from the early light-curve measurements. The host galaxy environment is low metallicity and is consistent with a young stellar population. Overall, we find the most plausible explosion scenario to be the incomplete disruption of a CO white dwarf near the Chandrasekhar-mass limit, with a helium-star companion.
Close encounters of the interstellar kind: exploring the capture of interstellar objects in near-Earth orbit
Authors: Mukherjee Diptajyoti , Siraj Amir , Trac Hy , Loeb Abraham 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Recent observations and detections of interstellar objects (ISOs) passing through the Solar system have sparked a wave of interest into these objects. Although rare, these ISOs can be captured into bound orbits around the Sun. In this study, we investigate the novel idea of capture of ISOs into near-Earth orbits and find that a steady population of ISOs exists among the current population of near-Earth objects (NEOs). Using numerical simulations, we find that the capture of ISOs into near-Earth orbits is dominated by Jupiter that is 104 times more efficient in capturing ISOs compared to Earth. Captured ISOs are more likely to be in orbits with high eccentricities and low inclinations. We also investigate the stability of captured ISOs and find that they are generally unstable and have an average survival lifetime of ∼1 Myr, consistent with lifetime of NEOs originating from outer asteroid belt, and are ejected from the Solar system due to interactions with other planets or the Sun. Our results have important implications for understanding the population of ISOs in the Solar system and possible future detection. We find that about one to a few 50–70 m sized captured ISOs among NEOs would be detectable by Vera Rubin Observatory over its lifetime. By detecting and studying captured ISOs, we can learn about the properties and origins of such objects, and the formation and evolution of exoplanetary systems and even our Solar system.
SARS-CoV-2 NSP1 induces mRNA cleavages on the ribosome
Authors: Tardivat Yann , Sosnowski Piotr , Tidu Antonin , Westhof Eric , Eriani Gilbert , Martin Franck 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the non-structural protein NSP1 inhibits translation of host mRNAs by binding to the mRNA entry channel of the ribosome and, together with the 5′-untranslated region (UTR) of the viral mRNAs, allows the evasion of that inhibition. Here, we show that NSP1 mediates endonucleolytic cleavages of both host and viral mRNAs in the 5′UTR, but with different cleavage patterns. The first pattern is observed in host mRNAs with cleavages interspersed regularly and close to the 5′ cap (6–11 nt downstream of the cap). Those cleavage positions depend more on the position relative to the 5′ cap than on the sequence itself. The second cleavage pattern occurs at high NSP1 concentrations and only in SARS-CoV-2 RNAs, with the cleavages clustered at positions 45, 46 and 49. Both patterns of cleavage occur with the mRNA and NSP1 bound to the ribosome, with the SL1 hairpin at the 5′ end sufficient to protect from NSP1-mediated degradation at low NSP1 concentrations. We show further that the N-terminal domain of NSP1 is necessary and sufficient for efficient cleavage. We suggest that in the ribosome-bound NSP1 protein the catalytic residues of the N-terminal domain are unmasked by the remodelling of the α1- and α2-helices of the C-terminal domain.
Asymmetric dimerization in a transcription factor superfamily is promoted by allosteric interactions with DNA
Authors: Patel Abdul Kareem Mohideen , Vilela Pierre , Shaik Tajith Baba , McEwen Alastair G , Hazemann Isabelle , Brillet Karl , Ennifar Eric , Hamiche Ali , Markov Gabriel V , Laudet Vincent , Moras Dino , Klaholz Bruno P , Billas Isabelle M L 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Transcription factors, such as nuclear receptors achieve precise transcriptional regulation by means of a tight and reciprocal communication with DNA, where cooperativity gained by receptor dimerization is added to binding site sequence specificity to expand the range of DNA target gene sequences. To unravel the evolutionary steps in the emergence of DNA selection by steroid receptors (SRs) from monomeric to dimeric palindromic binding sites, we carried out crystallographic, biophysical and phylogenetic studies, focusing on the estrogen-related receptors (ERRs, NR3B) that represent closest relatives of SRs. Our results, showing the structure of the ERR DNA-binding domain bound to a palindromic response element (RE), unveil the molecular mechanisms of ERR dimerization which are imprinted in the protein itself with DNA acting as an allosteric driver by allowing the formation of a novel extended asymmetric dimerization region (KR-box). Phylogenetic analyses suggest that this dimerization asymmetry is an ancestral feature necessary for establishing a strong overall dimerization interface, which was progressively modified in other SRs in the course of evolution.
Steric hindrance and structural flexibility shape the functional properties of a guanine-rich oligonucleotide
Authors: Troisi Romualdo , Napolitano Valeria , Rossitto Emanuele , Osman Waleed , Nagano Masanobu , Wakui Koji , Popowicz Grzegorz M , Yoshimoto Keitaro , Sica Filomena 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Ligand/protein molecular recognition involves a dynamic process, whereby both partners require a degree of structural plasticity to regulate the binding/unbinding event. Here, we present the characterization of the interaction between a highly dynamic G-rich oligonucleotide, M08s-1, and its target protein, human α-thrombin. M08s-1 is the most active anticoagulant aptamer selected thus far. Circular dichroism and gel electrophoresis analyses indicate that both intramolecular and intermolecular G-quadruplex structures are populated in solution. The presence of thrombin stabilises the antiparallel intramolecular chair-like G-quadruplex conformation, that provides by far the main contribution to the biological activity of the aptamer. The crystal structure of the thrombin-oligonucleotide complex reveals that M08s-1 adopts a kinked structural organization formed by a G-quadruplex domain and a long duplex module, linked by a stretch of five purine bases. The quadruplex motif hooks the exosite I region of thrombin and the duplex region is folded towards the surface of the protein. This structural feature, which has never been observed in other anti-exosite I aptamers with a shorter duplex motif, hinders the approach of a protein substrate to the active site region and may well explain the significant increase in the anticoagulant activity of M08s-1 compared to the other anti-exosite I aptamers.
High-grade glioma in infants and young children is histologically, molecularly, and clinically diverse: Results from the SJYC07 trial and institutional experience
Authors: Chiang Jason , Bagchi Aditi , Li Xiaoyu , Dhanda Sandeep K , Huang Jie , Pinto Soniya N , Sioson Edgar , Dalton James , Tatevossian Ruth G , Jia Sujuan , Partap Sonia , Fisher Paul G , Bowers Daniel C , Hassall Timothy E G , Lu Congyu , Zaldivar-Peraza Airen , Wright Karen D , Broniscer Alberto , Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Upadhyaya Santhosh A , Vinitsky Anna , Sabin Noah D , Orr Brent A , Klimo Paul , Boop Frederick A , Ashford Jason M , Conklin Heather M , Onar-Thomas Arzu , Zhou Xin , Ellison David W , Gajjar Amar , Robinson Giles W 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
High-grade gliomas (HGG) in young children pose a challenge due to favorable but unpredictable outcomes. While retrospective studies broadened our understanding of tumor biology, prospective data is lacking.

Methods
A cohort of children with histologically diagnosed HGG from the SJYC07 trial was augmented with nonprotocol patients with HGG treated at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital from November 2007 to December 2020. DNA methylome profiling and whole genome, whole exome, and RNA sequencing were performed. These data were integrated with histopathology to yield an integrated diagnosis. Clinical characteristics and preoperative imaging were analyzed.

Results
Fifty-six children (0.0–4.4 years) were identified. Integrated analysis split the cohort into four categories: infant-type hemispheric glioma (IHG), HGG, low-grade glioma (LGG), and other-central nervous system (CNS) tumors. IHG was the most prevalent (n = 22), occurred in the youngest patients (median age = 0.4 years), and commonly harbored receptor tyrosine kinase gene fusions (7 ALK, 2 ROS1, 3 NTRK1/2/3, 4 MET). The 5-year event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) for IHG was 53.13% (95%CI: 35.52–79.47) and 90.91% (95%CI: 79.66–100.00) vs. 0.0% and 16.67% (95%CI: 2.78–99.74%) for HGG (p = 0.0043, p = 0.00013). EFS and OS were not different between IHG and LGG (p = 0.95, p = 0.43). Imaging review showed IHGs are associated with circumscribed margins (p = 0.0047), hemispheric location (p = 0.0010), and intratumoral hemorrhage (p = 0.0149).

Conclusions
HGG in young children is heterogeneous and best defined by integrating histopathological and molecular features. Patients with IHG have relatively good outcomes, yet they endure significant deficits, making them good candidates for therapy de-escalation and trials of molecular targeted therapy.
The Promotion of Premium Cigars on Social Media
Authors: Kong Grace , Lee Juhan , Celentano Mia , Tang Charis , Geller Amy , Mead Aimee , Landrum Sterling Kymberle 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The health effect of premium cigar smoking is determined by patterns of use and perceptions, which are shaped by marketing messages. The tobacco industry uses brand-owned media promotion on social media to market its product. However, premium cigar brands’ promotion of their products on social media is unknown.

Aims and Methods
Forty-seven premium cigar brands were reviewed. For each brand, we identified the social media accounts and examined the content of the 10 most recent posts of each social media platform to identify the marketing themes in July 2022. We also assessed the presence of age-gating and the dates of the posts.

Results
Of the 47 brands, 65% (n = 31) had Facebook and Instagram, 56% (n = 27) had Twitter, 21% (n = 10) had YouTube, and 17% (n = 8) had “other” (e.g. LinkedIn and Pinterest) accounts. Age-gating across these platforms ranged from 0% to 49%. Marketing themes identified from 981 social media posts included product features, alcohol, holidays, events and festivals, discounts and sweepstakes, taste, family, quality, lounges and clubs, culture, innovation, masculinity, and “other” (e.g. fundraising for charity and celebrity endorsement).

Conclusions
Premium cigar brands are using brand-owned social media to promote their products using similar strategies (e.g. discounts and sweepstakes) used by other tobacco industries but also using novel themes (e.g. fundraising for charity, events and festivals) to enhance engagement. Ongoing comprehensive surveillance of premium cigars’ marketing is needed on social media to inform marketing restrictions to protect public health, including priority populations such as youth.

Implications
This study is the first to identify that premium cigar brands are promoting their brands and products on brand-owned social media, using diverse themes and strategies to engage and appeal to the public. Age gating of the promotional content on social media was low. Findings suggest that marketing restrictions to reduce the appeal of premium cigars among youth is needed to reduce tobacco-related harm.
Cross-sectional Use Patterns and Characteristics of Premium Versus Non-Premium Cigar Smokers in the United States, 2010–2019
Authors: Chen-Sankey Julia , Bover Manderski Michelle T , Ganz Ollie , Schroth Kevin R J , Villanti Andrea C , Delnevo Cristine D 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Few studies have addressed the use patterns and characteristics of the past 30 days of premium versus non-premium cigar smokers.

Aims and Methods
We pooled 10 years of data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH; 2010–2019) to evaluate use patterns and demographic and tobacco use characteristics of premium and non-premium cigar smokers ages 12 years and older in the U.S. cigar-type was manually coded as premium or non-premium according to the brand used most often.

Results
Between 2010 and 2019, 4.7% (95% CI = 4.6–4.8) of individuals aged 12 and older currently smoked cigars (past-30-day use). Smoking premium cigars (0.9% [95% CI = 0.8–0.9]) was less prevalent than smoking non-premium cigars (3.0% [95% CI = 2.9–3.1]). Although current non-premium cigar smoking prevalence steadily declined over the years, current premium cigar smoking prevalence remained stable. Premium cigar smokers were more likely to be older (≥25 years), male, non-Hispanic white, heterosexual, college educated, living in a large metro area, and to have income above 200% of the poverty threshold compared to non-premium users (p &lt; .05). Additionally, past-30-day premium cigar smokers were less likely than non-premium users to initiate cigar smoking before the age of 18 years, smoke cigars frequently or daily, smoke cigarettes, or use marijuana (p &lt; .05).

Conclusions
Overall, premium cigar smoking is less prevalent than non-premium cigar smoking, especially among populations such as youth, racial/ethnic and sexual minorities, and low socioeconomic individuals. Premium cigar smokers tend to smoke infrequently and initiate cigars later in life compared with non-premium smokers. Study results can inform recommendations for regulating premium cigars.

Implications
This study found that between 2010 and 2019, there are meaningful differences in the use patterns and characteristics of past-30-day premium versus non-premium cigar smokers in the United States. Premium cigars comprise a small share of the market compared to other cigar types and are less likely to be used by youth and other tobacco control priority groups (eg, racial/ethnic minorities and individuals with low socioeconomic statuses) that bear a disproportionate burden of risk and harm from using tobacco products. Additionally, most premium cigar users smoke them only occasionally. However, it is important to continue to monitor premium cigar use, as these patterns could shift because of factors like changes in marketing practices, consumer awareness, and product prices. Tobacco policy changes may also alter the patterns and trends of premium cigar use over time. A greater, more comprehensive understanding of premium cigars’ physical characteristics, patterns of use, user perceptions, tobacco industry marketing strategies, and health effects will together help to inform cigar-related regulations.
Premium and Non-Premium Cigar Use Among a Nationally Representative Sample of Reproductive Age Women: Findings from the 2010–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Authors: Sharma Eva , Gautam Prem , Jao Nancy C , Stroud Laura R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Little is known about cigar use among women of reproductive age, especially potential differences relating to the use of premium versus non-premium cigars.

Aims and Methods
Using 2010–2019 data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, rates and trends in premium and non-premium cigar use were determined among women of reproductive age (18–49; n = 5651). Weighted sociodemographic characteristics, substance co-use, patterns of use, and health indicators were compared between women using premium versus non-premium cigars.

Results
Among reproductive-aged women who smoked cigars in the past 30 days, 4.9% reported use of premium cigar brands. The most commonly used premium brands were Romeo y Julieta, Cohiba, and Macanudos. Women who used premium versus non-premium cigars were less likely to identify as non-Hispanic black (16.5% vs. 35.5%), more likely to have household income &gt;$50 000 (54.2% vs. 26.6%), and less likely to report past 30-day marijuana (28.7% vs. 55.7%) or blunt use (26.0% vs. 53.9%; ps &lt; .001). Women who used premium cigars also reported later age of onset of cigar use (24.1 vs. 20.3 years; p &lt; .001) and smoked fewer cigars in the last 30 days (9.8 vs. 2.3 days; p &lt; .001). Trend analysis revealed that although rates of past 30-day premium cigar use remained consistent from 2010 (4.7%) to 2019 (4.9%), prevalence decreased from 6.6% in 2017 to 2.8% in 2018 before increasing to 4.9% in 2019.

Conclusions
Understanding premium and non-premium cigar use among reproductive-age women, an understudied vulnerable population, will provide critical data to the Food and Drug Administration to inform policy and regulatory decisions.

Implications
The current study revealed prevalence of ~5% premium cigar use among women of reproductive age who smoke cigars, and evidence for consistency in women’s rates of premium cigar use across time. Women who used premium versus non-premium cigars were more likely to identify as non-Hispanic white, older, and of higher socioeconomic status were in better health and less likely to co-use cigarettes and marijuana, but more likely to co-use alcohol. Consideration of reproductive age and pregnant women as uniquely vulnerable populations is warranted in the development of regulations regarding premium and non-premium cigars. Comprehensive regulation of cigars (both premium and non-premium) may offer the potential to positively impact women’s health.
Cross-sectional Patterns and Longitudinal Transitions of Premium and Non-Premium Cigar Use in the United States
Authors: Jeon Jihyoun , Mok Yoonseo , Meza Rafael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Cigar use is common in the United States; however, knowledge about trends and longitudinal patterns of premium and non-premium cigar use is limited. We analyzed cross-sectional and transition patterns of cigar use in the United States by cigar type, age, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.

Aims and Methods
Using data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, we compared characteristics of cigar users by Wave (1–5) and type; premium versus non-premium traditional cigars, cigarillos, and filtered cigars. We then calculated longitudinal transition rates of cigar and cigarette use between PATH Study Waves and longitudinal trajectories across all five Waves.

Results
Premium cigars were predominantly used by males, non-Hispanic White individuals, and those with high educational attainment. Premium cigar use was mostly non-daily and less likely to be dual with cigarettes or other cigar types. About three-quarters of exclusive premium cigar users remained so after one year. However, dual-use of premium cigars with either other cigar types or cigarettes was transient. Those who smoked premium cigars fairly regularly for at least one year were more likely to be exclusive premium cigar users or have dropped combustible tobacco product use by Wave 5.

Conclusions
Cigar use patterns vary significantly by cigar type. Premium cigar users have distinctive characteristics compared to other cigar-type users. When studying cigar use and related health outcomes, it is critical to distinguish cigar type.

Implications
Continuous monitoring of longitudinal use patterns of premium and non-premium cigar use and their co-use and transitions to other tobacco products, including inhalation and a more precise measure of the intensity of use, is essential for a better assessment of their health implications.