bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COGNITIVE COPING AND PERSPECTIVE-TAKING AMONG OLDER ADULTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: AN ECOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
Authors: Heideman Kristin , Griffith Eric , O'Connor Daniel , Orlovsky Irina , Alwan Elizabeth , Martins-Klein Bruna 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults report engaging in coping to manage sources of pandemic stress (e.g., loneliness, reduced healthcare access, ageism). Variability in cognitive coping strategies, however, has not been explored through an ecological model lens. In this study, we interviewed older adults online in the northeastern US (N=33, age 63-92) regarding stress and coping strategies during the pandemic, using the taxonomy of cognitive strategies from the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Consistent with Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model, stress and cognitive coping were qualitatively coded using NVivo in reference to individual, immediate environment (microsystem), connections between environments (mesosystem), and societal (macrosystem) factors. Microsystem-level stressors were prevalent and endorsed in all interviews, but stress was reported at multiple ecological levels. Common microsystem stressors included changes to work/personal life, travel restrictions, and loss of face-to-face socialization. Many participants reported engaging in adaptive cognitive coping (87%), with perspective-taking being one of the most common strategies (78%). Perspective-taking was endorsed across all levels of the ecological model (e.g., comparing the pandemic to other personal experiences, considering family-level resilience, and reflecting on impact to community). The multi-level structure of pandemic stress and coping highlights that older adults subjectively experience stress simultaneously at multiple ecological levels. In turn, they confront stressors using individualized patterns of cognitive coping that extend beyond intrapersonal experience/insight to help fully contextualize the COVID-19 experience. Future studies should explore the use of perspective-taking at intra- and interpersonal levels as integrated coping approaches for managing naturalistic stressors in daily life.
FUTURE TIME PERSPECTIVE MODULATES AFFECTIVE REACTIVITY TO SOCIAL PROBLEMS DURING THE PANDEMIC
Authors: Garza Elizabeth Zambrano , Choi Yoonseok , Pauly Theresa , Gerstorf Denis , Hoppmann Christiane 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Socioemotional Selectivity Theory posits that individuals with a limited future time perspective (FTP), prioritize emotionally meaningful, positive social interactions. Due to the high value placed on positive social interactions, individuals with a limited FTP might be particularly vulnerable to experiencing elevated negative affect when problems that involve other people do occur as compared to an experience of non-social problems. This project examined the role of FTP in modulating social problem–negative affect links during the pandemic, a time when people were particularly aware of their mortality, and thus their remaining time in life. This study used data from 150 Canadian adults (Mage =43 years, SD= 19, range 18-83, 78% women) who participated in two measurement bursts (one in 2020 and one in 2021). Participants provided FTP information at baseline and then repeatedly reported their negative affect and everyday problem characteristics in 10 consecutive daily diaries across both bursts. Results from multi-level models reveal a differentiated picture. The within-person association between social problem occurrence and elevated negative affect was significant among individuals with a more limited FTP. In contrast, at the between-person level, experiencing more social problems was associated with higher overall negative affect among those with a more extended FTP. To better understand these differential associations, follow-up analyses will explore if type of person involved in the problem and how the problem was handled matter for how they respond to social problems. Findings will be discussed in the context of the Strength and Vulnerability Integration model.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EDUCATION LEVEL AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS IN ICELAND
Authors: Gudjonsson Milan Chang , Nishizuka Chiharu , Sigurdardottir Sigurveig 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives. Previous research studies have suggested that a higher education level has a positive impact on one's health throughout life. The aim of this study was to examine the association between education level and depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older in Iceland. Method. This is a cross-sectional study using data from the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility–Reykjavik Study (AGES–RS) cohort (n = 3,989, mean age = 76.2, 56.3% women). Education was classified into four levels: primary (n = 895), secondary (n = 1,980), college (n = 630), and university (n = 484). For the analysis, education was categorized into two groups: primary education versus higher than primary education (secondary, college, and university). Depressive symptoms were assessed by using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. High depressive symptoms (HDEPS) were defined if the GDS score was 6 or higher. Results. Education was highly significantly associated with the 15-GDS score (p &lt; .001). Compared to people with primary education, those with higher than primary education level were significantly less likely to have HDEPS after adjusting for confounders including age, gender, body mass index, physical activity, coronary diseases, and smoking status. Discussion. Older adults with higher than primary education were less likely to have HDEPS compared to those with primary education in the current cross-sectional analysis. The findings indicate that level of education is highly associated with depressive symptoms of community-dwelling older adults in Iceland.
DOES THE NUMBER OF DISEASES OR DISEASE SEVERITY AFFECT THE AGING ATTITUDES IN HEALTH RETIREMENT STUDY?
Authors: Da Chang Jung 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The number of older adults is increasing worldwide, coupled with an increase in chronic disease. Evidence has shown a relationship between health conditions and changes in attitudes toward own aging (ATOA) and thus may contribute to a negative ATOA among older adults with more health conditions. Additionally, studies also show that ATOA can affect the health of older people and become a vicious circle. To promote a healthier life for older adults, it is important to assist them to maintain a more positive ATOA. Therefore, the purpose of this study wants to determine the relationship between the diseases number and ATOA for older adults (N = 6303). Although the relationship between the number of the diseases has been discussed in previous studies, this study will use 2012 and 2016 waves Health and Retirement Study data to update the relationship by using generalized estimating equation. To understand whether it is the disease severity that affects ATOA, this study uses Charlson Comorbidities Index to measure the burden of diseases and use structural equation models to understand the relationship between variables and do the model pathway analysis. The initial results show that an individual with a greater number of diseases (p &lt; .01, r=-.039), and a higher score of CCI have more negative ATOA (p &lt; .01, r=-.04). These findings suggest both the number and severity of diseases contribute to ATOA in older adults. Furthermore, the CCI provides a method to identify the disease severity and can be used in the national databases.
RACIAL AND ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN PARTICIPANT EXPERIENCE OF HOME- AND COMMUNITY-BASED SERVICES
Authors: Degenholtz Howard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It is widely recognized that racial and ethnic minorities experience lower quality of care and worse health outcomes across a wide range of health services and long-term care settings. However, less is known about racial and ethnic differences in home and community-based services (HCBS). This study used the HCBS version of the Consumer Assessment of Health Providers Survey (CAHPS) to examine participant experience of care in a large, statewide Medicaid program. The CAHPS-HCBS is a validated measure of quality of HCBS that supplements measures of health outcomes and provides policy makers with critical data on system performance. As part of a larger evaluation of Pennsylvania’s transition to Managed care for users of HCBS, representative samples of older adults were interviewed before and after the program was implemented. This study takes advantage of the phased implementation of managed care to estimate the causal effect of the program on differences in participant experience by racial and ethnic group. In general, non-Hispanic whites rated their overall satisfaction with HCBS lower than non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic people. The implementation of Managed care was associated with improvements in non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic ratings of personal care and service coordination, but not that of non-Hispanic whites. One implication of these findings is that managed care organizations can have positive impact on participant experience. The CAHPS-HCBS instrument is publicly available and can be used by state agencies to monitor racial and ethnic disparities in participant experience.
ADAPTING PRIMARY CARE WORKFLOWS TO PROMOTE ADVANCE CARE PLANNING WITH AN EMPHASIS ON A DEDICATED ACP FACILITATOR
Authors: Valadares Kevin , Leahy Suzanne , Ehlman Katie , Arnold Robin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has sharpened attention regarding the need to proactively plan for a future medical crisis. Advance Care Planning (ACP) has emerged in the last 30 years as a potential way to improve individuals’ end-of-life care by ensuring that patients explore and communicate personal values, goals, and preferences regarding future medical care to surrogate decision makers and medical providers. Elevating ACP as a core function of direct patient care, the University of Southern Indiana’s (USI) Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Program (GWEP) embedded a multi-modal ACP initiative in a primary care clinic, anchored by the Medicare Annual Wellness Visit (AWV). Within this initiative, the role of a dedicated ACP Facilitator embedded in the practice is highlighted to promote and bill (Medicare CPT codes 99494, 99498) for ACP conversations. The addition of an ACP Facilitator (who is a licensed clinical social worker) as part of the primary care team complements the efforts of the providers to focus on What Matters most to patients. This is particularly important to patients with serious illness. This presentation will summarize the re-alignment efforts of the primary care clinic to prioritize ACP conversations for older adults, amounting to 10,000 visits per year.
MOTIVATIONS TO VOLUNTEER: SURVEY OF A SERVICE AGENCY IN RURAL MICHIGAN
Authors: Hu Rita , Dunkle Ruth , Tarr Julie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
While volunteers are the foundation of service agencies in rural communities, they are difficult to recruit. This study aims to understand the characteristics of volunteers in a rural community that could aid in recruitment. All volunteers (N=127) for an organization providing services to keep older adults in their homes in rural Michigan were approached to participate in the study. Data were gathered via telephone-interview survey (N=76) and in-person focus groups (N=14) in the summer of 2021 to understand demographic factors as well as benefits and community factors contributing to volunteer participation. Most volunteers were female (61%), married (71%), over age 70 (M=71), and lived with others (72%). In the past year, 49% volunteered 1-5 hours per week and with multiple organizations (70%). They identified the primary benefits from volunteering as getting to know new people (66%). Volunteers agreed that they feel they contribute to the community (97%), have a strong attachment to the community (91%), and have the ability to make a difference in the community (95%). Volunteers were less aware of what could be done to meet the needs in the community (54%) and understand the needs and problems facing the community (59%). Focus group data suggest that volunteers desire information about community needs and aging in place. Due to the lack of centralized locations, social and educational hot spots such as coffee shops could attract new volunteers. Having a sense of community is an important component of volunteering and should be fostered when recruiting new volunteers.
PRIORITIZING FUTURE RESEARCH ON NONDRUG DEMENTIA CARE INTERVENTIONS
Authors: Jutkowitz Eric , Shewmaker Peter , Alarid-Escudero Fernando 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We previously used an evidence-based mathematical model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of psychosocial interventions that reduce the risk of a nursing home admission for people with dementia from a healthcare payer perspective. We found the incremental cost-effectiveness of MIND, an in-home intervention for people with mild-moderate dementia, compared to usual care was $271,456 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). The incremental cost-effectiveness of NYU Caregiver Intervention (NYUCI), which is for people with moderate dementia, compared to usual care was $3,964/QALY. Here we quantify the uncertainty around our cost-effectiveness estimates. First, we calculated the expected value of partial perfect information (EVPPI), which is the value of eliminating uncertainty around the treatment effect (i.e., risk of entering a nursing home) of MIND and NYUCI, and represents the maximum willingness-to-pay for a study to inform these estimates. Given a willingness-to-pay of $110,000/QALY, population EVPPI for MIND and the NYUCI were $81,000,000 and $395,000,000, respectively. Second, we calculated the expected value of sample information (EVSI), the expected net benefit of sampling (ENBS) and the optimal sample size (OSS). EVSI is the amount of uncertainty reduced from a pragmatic trial evaluating the risk of entering a nursing home for people in the intervention compared to usual care. ENBS is the return of a pragmatic trial with a fixed ($1,050,000) and per person ($2,000) cost to conduct the study. The OSS is the sample size that maximizes ENBS and was 3,571 for MIND and 5,357 for NYUCI. There is value in conducting pragmatic trials on MIND and NYUCI.
FOOD INSECURITY AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN NEW YORK CITY: DOES LOCATION MATTER?
Authors: Cheung Ethan Siu Leung 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Having access to adequate and appropriate food sources is essential to addressing food insecurity among older adults. However, the role of locational characteristics in explaining food insecurity remains unclear, especially in urban areas. This study investigated the association of distance to grocery stores, neighborhood disadvantage, and social cohesion with food insecurity among older adults in New York City. Individual-level data were drawn from a 2-year Poverty Tracker Study. The sample included New York City residents aged 65 or older (baseline N = 710). Based on the respondents’ residential address and neighborhood ZIP codes, the individual-level data were merged with two spatial datasets: American Community Survey and ReferenceUSA. ArcGIS 10 (near analysis) was used to manage spatial data and calculate the distance to grocery stores. Hierarchical logistic regression models were employed for analyses. Descriptive results show that more older adults in neighborhoods with economic disadvantage and lower level of social cohesion reported more food insecurity. Logistic regressions suggested that after controlling for individual-level characteristics (e.g., age, gender, race and ethnicity, and education), living farther (0.26–0.50 miles and 0.51–0.70 miles) from the nearest grocery store was positively associated with food insecurity. Residing in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods also increased the odds of food insecurity. Community social cohesion was a marginally significant protective factor against food insecurity. Findings suggest that locational characteristics play a significant role in predicting food insecurity in New York City, suggesting that community outreach and grocery delivery programs are needed to mitigate the risk.
INTEGRATED CARE POLICY AND PRACTICE IN THE US: THE SCENARIO OF AGING IN CHINATOWN
Authors: Hu Yuanyuan , Xu Qingwen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Older Chinese adults, the fastest-growing population among older immigrants, experience multiple barriers to access quality physical and behavioral health care, including low English proficiency, low health literacy, and segregation between health care and social care sectors (Tsoh et al., 2016). While integrated care attempts to address these issues, there is still a lack of culturally sensitive integrated care practices to address the needs of older Chinese immigrants.

Methods
This article reviews the definition and history of integrated care policies in the U.S., and compares four integrated care models on the service user and community levels, including the Chronic Care Model (CCM), Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE), Patient Navigation Model, and Delivery System Reform Incentive Payment (DSRIP) Program.

Results
Taking the community-dwelling older Chinese immigrants as the context, this article discusses factors that are essential to this group of older adults and proposes a framework to integrate social determinants of health in the development of integrated care practice with the infusion of cultural values and norms.

Conclusion
Integrated care for older immigrants asks for a complicated mass reconstruction of current care systems. We propose an innovative framework that fully takes advantage of CBO’s capacity in providing culturally appropriate services is proactive and preventive in nature by addressing social determinants of health directly, recognizes the role of family and community in older immigrants’ life and aging process, and provide equal attention to the older adults’ needs in health, mental health, and elderly care.
SOCIAL INTERACTIONS OF COMMUNITY SPACE ATTENDEES AND ANTICIPATED FUNCTION OF THE SPACE AMID THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Takase Mai , Ogino Ryogo , Nitanai Ryoichi , Nakayama Riko , Kim Hongjik , Kazembe Neo , Goto Jun , Iijima Katsuya 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Introduction
A regional community space in Japan, Chiiki-Katsudokan, was founded to facilitate the social interactions of older adults through activities. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 pandemic occasionally forced this space to close or limited the volume of its participants. In this research, the operation of the space was reviewed by monitoring the changes in the social interactions of the attendees, and by investigating the anticipated function from the attendees' needs. Method: A semi-structured interview targeting the attendees of Chiiki-Katsudokan was conducted in December 2021 (N=19, main age:80s). The level of social interaction before and during the pandemic and the newly anticipated function of the space were examined.

Results
First, deep and light interactions were observed. Those with deep interactions initially had wide social connections and used Chiiki-Katsudokan to interact with friends. Meanwhile, those with light interactions only talked to other attendees while attending the space. During the quarantine, those with deep interactions stayed connected with others and met privately, while those with light interactions faced a higher risk of social isolation. Second, the most popular newly anticipated functions of the space were "Place to gather with friends (n=14)" and "Interaction with younger generation (n=14)." "Opportunity to learn about the new pandemic-lifestyle (n=11)" was also rated high, while need for "online events" was rated the lowest (n=7).

Conclusion
The pandemic re-emphasized older adults' need for direct interaction. Low interest in technology-based countermeasures suggested that community spaces should expand their operation method while considering offline methods (e.g., pen-pal system) that could enhance social interaction.
QUALITY OF LIFE AND ATTITUDES TOWARD AGING IN OLDER ADULTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Inman Morgan , MacLean Maria , Bryanton Olive , Montelpare William , Strong Jessica 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Research has shown that positive or negative views of aging are associated with quality of life. Prior research has found that community dwelling older adults aged 65 and older with more negative views of aging have lower scores on quality of life scales, whereas those with higher views of aging have higher scores on quality of life scales. A group of 264 community dwelling older adults (Mean age = 72.4 years, 62-92 years old) living in Prince Edward Island, Canada, completed a survey measuring attitudes towards aging and quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample consisted of a majority of retired (n=206) older adults, living in an urban area (n=151), and approximately 55% receiving a household income of $26,000 to $75,000 per year. Regression analysis found that attitudes towards aging significantly predicted quality of life (F(1,127)=24.9, p&lt; 0.01), with positive attitudes predicting higher quality of life scores and negative attitudes predicting lower quality of life scores. The model showed that the predictor, attitudes towards aging, explained 16.5% of the variance in quality of life (B=-2.7, t=-4.9, p&lt; 0.01). This suggests that attitudes towards aging play a role in predicting quality of life in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.
AWARENESS OF AGE-RELATED GAINS AND LOSSES AND THEIR ASSOCIATIONS WITH PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION
Authors: Barber Sarah , Lenis Vanessa Martinez , Hamel Kate 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Awareness of age-related change (AARC) refers to people’s recognition of how aging has affected their performance, behavior, and ways of experiencing life. Sometimes these age-related changes are perceived as losses (AARC-Losses), such as when people notice declines in their health. However, other times these age-related changes are perceived as gains (AARC-Gains), such as when people notice they have developed a better sense of what is important to them. Past research has shown that higher AARC-Losses (and to a lesser extent lower AARC-Gains) are associated with poorer self-rated health. However, no research has yet examined whether AARC also relates to an objective performance-based measure of health. To address this, we examined the cross-sectional relationships between AARC-Losses and AARC-Gains with gait speed (i.e., a measure of physical function) in 164 community-dwelling older adults. Participants in this study also completed health-related questionnaires and the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery. Results showed that AARC-Losses were most strongly predicted by depression levels, but higher AARC-Losses were also predicted by slower gait speeds. A different pattern emerged for AARC-Gains. After controlling for demographic factors, depression, and other self-reported measures of health, we found that higher AARC-Gains were predicted by poorer cognition and slower gait speed. The counterintuitive relationship between AARC-Gains and objective cognition has previously been reported in the literature. However, this study is the first to document that AARC-Gains are also associated with poorer performance on an objective measure of physical function. We discuss features of the AARC questionnaire that may lead to these paradoxical effects.