bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the health-protective effect of ancient cereals and one possibility of increasing their functionality
Authors: Sik Beatrix , Lakatos Erika , Márkus Anna , Székelyhidi Rita 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the differences between the antioxidant capacity, and the total polyphenol content of the ancient grains namely Einkorn (Triticum monococcum L.) and Khorasan (Triticum turanicum) compared with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), furthermore attempt to create a functional loaf enriched with rosemary (Salvia Rosmarinus Spenn.). To achieve this goal, 1, 3, and 5% of rosemary were added to the loafs made of Einkorn, Khorasan, and common wheat flour, and then the changes in their antioxidant and polyphenol content were examined. Based on the spectrophotometric results, it can be said that the type of wheat clearly affects the amount of the tested components. In all cases, the loafs made from common wheat contained the least amount of antioxidants (0.74 mg AAE/g) and polyphenols (0.41 mg GAE/g). On the other hand, Khorasan loaves showed outstanding values in terms of their antioxidant (0.89 mg AAE/g) and polyphenol (0.68 mg GAE/g) content. Einkorn loaves contained smaller amounts of the tested antioxidants (0.71 mg AAE/g) and polyphenols (0.51 mg GAE/g), but they were still better than common wheat loaves. The addition of rosemary can significantly increase the amount of compounds with an antioxidant effect in bakery products, but care must be taken to preserve the favorable organoleptic properties. It has been proven that ancient grains have a more positive physiological effect than common wheat, and the health-protective properties of bakery products can be increased by adding herbs.
Graphical abstract
Effects of Gestational Hypoxia on PGC1α and Mitochondrial Acetylation in Fetal Guinea Pig Hearts
Authors: Song Hong , Thompson Loren P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChronic intrauterine hypoxia is a significant pregnancy complication impacting fetal heart growth, metabolism, and mitochondrial function, contributing to cardiovascular programming of the offspring. PGC1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α) is the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. We investigated the effects of hypoxia on PGC1α expression following exposure at different gestational ages. Time-mated pregnant guinea pigs were exposed to normoxia (NMX, 21% O2) or hypoxia (HPX, 10.5% O2) at either 25-day (early-onset) or 50-day (late-onset) gestation, and all fetuses were extracted at term (term = ~65-day gestation). Expression of nuclear PGC1α, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mitochondrial sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) was measured, along with SIRT3 activity and mitochondrial acetylation of heart ventricles of male and female fetuses. Early-onset hypoxia increased (P<0.05) fetal cardiac nuclear PGC1α and had no effect on mitochondrial acetylation of either growth-restricted males or females. Late-onset hypoxia had either no effect or decreased (P<0.05) PCC1α expression in males and females, respectively, but increased (P<0.05) mitochondrial acetylation in both sexes. Hypoxia had variable effects on expression of SIRT1, AMPK, SIRT3, and SIRT3 activity depending on the sex. The capacity of the fetal heart to respond to hypoxia differs depending on the gestational age of exposure and sex of the fetus. Further, the effects of late-onset hypoxia on fetal heart function impose a greater risk to male than female fetuses, which has implications toward cardiovascular programming effects of the offspring.
Quantifying dissolution rates of Antarctic icebergs in open water
Authors: Orheim Olav , Giles A. Barry , Jacka T. H. (Jo) , Moholdt Geir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAt any one time 130 000 icebergs are afloat in the Southern Ocean; 97% of these are too small to be registered in current satellite-based databases, yet the melting of these small icebergs provides a major input to the Southern Ocean. We use a unique set of visual size observations of 53 000 icebergs in the South Atlantic Ocean, the SCAR International Iceberg Database, to derive average iceberg dissolution rates. Fracture into two parts is the dominant dissolution process for tabular icebergs, with an average half-life of 30 days for icebergs <4 km length and 60 days for larger icebergs. Complete shatter producing many icebergs <1 km length is rare. A side attrition rate of 0.23 m d−1 combined with drift speed of 6 km d−1, or any proportional change in both numbers fits the observed changes in iceberg distribution. The largest injection into the Southern Ocean of fresh water and any iceberg-transported material takes place in a ~2.3 × 10⁶ km2 zone extending east-northeast from the Antarctic Peninsula to the Greenwich meridian. The iceberg contribution to salinities and temperatures, with maximum contribution north of the Weddell Sea, differs in some regions, from those indicated by tracking large icebergs.
Dynamics of iteration operators on self-maps of locally compact Hausdorff spaces
Authors: GOPALAKRISHNA CHAITANYA , VEERAPAZHAM MURUGAN , ZHANG WEINIAN 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we prove the continuity of iteration operators
$\mathcal {J}_n$
on the space of all continuous self-maps of a locally compact Hausdorff space X and generally discuss dynamical behaviors of them. We characterize their fixed points and periodic points for
$X=\mathbb {R}$
and the unit circle
$S^1$
. Then we indicate that all orbits of
$\mathcal {J}_n$
are bounded; however, we prove that for
$X=\mathbb {R}$
and
$S^1$
, every fixed point of
$\mathcal {J}_n$
which is non-constant and equals the identity on its range is not Lyapunov stable. The boundedness and the instability exhibit the complexity of the system, but we show that the complicated behavior is not Devaney chaotic. We give a sufficient condition to classify the systems generated by iteration operators up to topological conjugacy.
Never too early: the impact of a shadowing programme in paediatric and congenital cardiac surgery for undergraduate college students
Authors: Brennan Zachary , Purlee Matthew , Sharaf Omar M. , Badhwar Isabella E. , Brown Colton , Kugler Liam , Weinstein Douglas J. , Bassuk Jonah S. , Baydoun Yasmine , Neal Dan , Stukov Yuriy , Freeman Kirsten , Wallen Tyler , Peek Giles J. , Bleiweis Mark S. , Jacobs Jeffrey P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurpose:Diversification of the medical and cardiothoracic surgical workforce represents an ongoing need. A congenital cardiac surgery shadowing programme for undergraduate students was implemented at the University of Florida Congenital Heart Center.Methods:Students shadowing in the Congenital Heart Center from 17 December 2020 through 20 July 2021 were sent a survey through Qualtrics to evaluate the impact of their shadowing experience. The main objectives of the survey were to determine the personal relationship(s) of the students to physicians prior to shadowing, how the presence or absence of physicians in the family of a given student related to the exposure of the student to a medical setting prior to shadowing, and the interest of the students in medicine and cardiothoracic surgery prior to and after the shadowing experience. Survey responses included “Yes/No” questions, scaled responses using a Likert scale, selection lists, and free text responses. When applicable, t-tests were utilised to assess differences between student groups.Results:Of the 37 students who shadowed during the study period, 26 (70%) responded. Most students were female (58%, n = 15), and the mean age was 20.9 ± 2.4 years. Students spent a mean duration of 95 ± 138 hours shadowing providers as part of the shadowing programme. Likert scale ratings of interest in the professions of medicine, surgery, and cardiothoracic surgery all increased after the shadowing experience (p < 0.01). Students with a family member in medicine had more clinical exposure prior to the shadowing programme (p < 0.01).Conclusion:A surgical shadowing programme at a Congenital Heart Center may have an important formative impact on the views of undergraduate students regarding potential careers in surgery and medicine. Additionally, students without family members in medicine tend to have less prior exposure to medicine and could likely benefit more from this type of shadowing programme.
Civic skill-acts, group identity, and intentions to engage in protest actions among university students in Hong Kong
Authors: Khiatani Paul Vinod , Chui Wing Hong , Wong Chak Chong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study examined the mediating role of civic skill-acts and direct associations of group identity on intentions to engage in peaceful or radical protest actions (i.e., activism or radicalism intentions respectively). A sample of 526 university students in Hong Kong was surveyed. The findings suggested that political identity complementarily mediated the relationship between joining political activities and radicalism intentions. Religious identity and ethnic/racial identity each have an indirect-only mediation to activism as well as radicalism intentions when mediated by community activities and responding activities respectively. Finally, political identity and economic identity each have direct-only mediations to activism intentions respectively. These results suggest that although group identity and civic skill-acts uniquely contribute to protest intentions, the inter-relationship is complicated by the type of group identity, civic skill-act, and protest activity studied. Recommendations for future studies are discussed in light of the findings.
The German historical school on monetary calculation and the feasibility of socialism
Authors: Braun Eduard 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSeveral scholars anticipated Ludwig von Mises's calculation argument against socialism. The present paper summarises the contributions by the members of the German Historical School of Economics who preceded Mises and provides several examples of anticipation that have not been discussed in the literature. Furthermore, the paper explains why it is not a coincidence that members of the Historical School claimed as early as the nineteenth century that socialism was unfeasible due to calculation and knowledge problems. In their attempts to understand historically specific features of capitalism, they developed an approach to capital that involved the institutions of private property, money, the market, the enterprise, and monetary calculation. Starting from this institutional approach to capital and capitalism, it was only a small step to the question of what it means for socialist systems that those institutions are lacking.
Highly miniaturized wideband angular stable linear–circular and linear–cross polarization converter for Ka-band satellite applications
Authors: Shukoor Mohammad Abdul , Dey Sukomal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis work proposes a novel, extremely miniaturized wideband linear–circular and linear–cross metasurface-enabled reflective polarizer. This design comprises a Meander-line structure with horizontal dipoles as the top frequency selective surface, printed on a 1 mm thin-grounded FR-4 substrate. The x/y-polarized incident electromagnetic wave is converted as circularly polarized from 10.60 to 10.92 GHz (LHCP/RHCP), 12.12 to 17.32 GHz (RHCP/LHCP), and 22.72 to 37.76 GHz (LHCP/RHCP) during reflection with 2.97, 35.33, and 49.74% Fractional Bandwidth (FBW). In addition, this design shows linear–cross conversion with a minimum 90% polarization conversion ratio from 11.41 to 12, 19.01 to 22.34, and 40.74 to 46.82 GHz with an FBW of 5.04, 16.11, and 13.89%. The device performance is considerably stable under different oblique incidences, and the polarizer's unitcell is compact with a structural periodicity of 0.089 × 0.064 $\lambda _L^2$, and ultra-thin low-profile substrate thickness of 0.035λL. The proposed prototype is fabricated, and the measured results are in good agreement with the simulated one. This article also mentions how this polarizer could be tuned for dual-band K- and Ka-band satellite applications. The authors believe that the design's novelty lies in the multiband conversion with circular-polarization orthogonality, a highly miniaturized unitcell's volume of 0.199 $\lambda _L^3$/1000, and better angular stability made this design a potential candidate for real-time satellite applications.
Experimental Observations of Bedload Tracer Movement: Effects of Mixed Particle Sizes and Bedforms
Authors: Singh Arvind , Wu Zi , Wilcock Peter , Foufoula‐Georgiou Efi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPredicting the transport of bedload tracer particles is a problem of significant theoretical and practical interest. Yet, little understanding exists for transport in rivers in the presence of bedforms, which may trap grains and thereby influence travel distance. In a series of flume experiments with a sandy gravel bed in a large experimental flume, bed elevation and tracer travel distances were measured at high resolution for a range of discharges. As discharge increased, bedform height increased and bedform length decreased, increasing bedform steepness. For all tracer sizes and flow conditions, bedforms act as primary controls on the tracer travel distances. Bedform trapping increases linearly with the ratio of bedform height to tracer grain size, with 50% trapping efficiency for a ratio of two and 90% trapping efficiency for a ratio of four. A theoretical model based on the extended active layer formulation for sediment transport is able to capture much of the distribution of measured travel distances for all tracer sizes and discharges, providing a first connection between tracer transport theory and bedform trapping and indicating normal diffusion of tracers at relatively small timescales. Variable bedform geometry can influence trap efficiency for individual bedforms and the theoretical model can help identify “preferential trapping” conditions. The distribution of tracer travel distances for a mixture of grain sizes and variable discharge, as expected in natural rivers, displays heavy tail characteristics.
Deep Hydraulically‐Active Fractures in Sensitive Clay Deposits: Implications for Groundwater Flow and Slope Stability
Authors: Young Nathan L. , Ospina Julian Andres , Lemieux Jean‐Michel , Locat Pascal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLandslides in sensitive post‐glacial marine clays are one of the major geological hazards in Canada, Norway and Sweden. Current hydrogeological conceptual models used for slope stability analyses in these deposits consider simple groundwater flow conditions within a homogenous, isotropic, massive clay deposits, where fractures are surficial features that only exist within a 1–5 m‐thick weathered zone. This study uses cross‐correlation analysis on hydraulic head data from a large network of vibrating‐wire piezometers in clay deposits along the St. Lawrence River and in the Saguenay‐Lac St‐Jean Lowlands, in Quebec, Canada, to show that hydraulically‐active fractures are present to depths of up to 16 m at 4 (possibly 6) of the 7 locations studied. These findings suggest that current conceptual models have a high likelihood of misrepresenting local flow systems, and that further field and modeling work is needed to characterize the extent and influence of these fracture networks.
Glutathione peroxidase 2 knockdown suppresses gastric cancer progression and metastasis via regulation of kynurenine metabolism
Authors: Xu Handong , Hu Can , Wang Yi , Shi Yunfu , Yuan Li , Xu Jingli , Zhang Yanqiang , Chen Jiahui , Wei Qin , Qin Jiangjiang , Xu Zhiyuan , Cheng Xiangdong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is among the most lethal malignancies due to its poor early diagnosis and high metastasis rate, and new therapeutic targets are urgently needed to develop effective anti-GC drugs. Glutathione peroxidase-2 (GPx2) plays various roles in tumor progression and patient survival. Herein, we found that GPx2 was overexpressed and negatively correlated with poor prognosis by using clinical GC samples for validation. GPx2 knockdown suppressed GC proliferation, invasion, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and in vivo. In addition, proteomic analysis revealed that GPx2 expression regulated kynureninase (KYNU)-mediated metabolism. As one of the key proteins involved in tryptophan catabolism, KYNU can degrade the tryptophan metabolite kynurenine (kyn), which is an endogenous ligand for AhR. Next, we revealed that the activation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated KYNU-kyn-AhR signaling pathway caused by GPx2 knockdown was involved in GC progression and metastasis. In conclusion, our results showed that GPx2 acted as an oncogene in GC and that GPx2 knockdown suppressed GC progression and metastasis by suppressing the KYNU-kyn-AhR signaling pathway, which was caused by the accumulation of ROS.
Modulation of immune checkpoint regulators in interferon γ induced urothelial carcinoma and activated T-lymphocyte cells by cytostatics
Authors: Hänze Jörg , Schulte-Herbrüggen Johannes , Hofmann Rainer , Hegele Axel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExploring the regulation of co-inhibitory (PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4) and co-stimulatory (CD28) genes by chemotherapeutic drugs is important for combined immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. ICB interferes with T-cell receptor and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) signaling by antibody drugs directed against the co-inhibitors. Here, we analyzed urothelial (T24) cell line with respect to cytokine signaling by interferon γ (IFNG) and the leukemia lymphocyte (Jurkat) cell line with respect to T-cell activation as mimicked by phorbolester and calcium ionophore (pma/iono). Alongside, we considered possible intervention with the chemotherapeutics gemcitabine, cisplatin and vinflunine. Noteworthy, cisplatin significantly induced PD-L1-mRNA in naïve and IFNG treated cells whereas gemcitabine and vinflunine had no effect on PD-L1-mRNA. At the protein level, PD-L1 showed typical induction in IFNG treated cells. In Jurkat cells, cisplatin significantly induced PD-1-mRNA and PD-L1-mRNA. Pma/iono administration did not alter PD-1-mRNA and PD-L1-mRNA but significantly increased CTLA-4-mRNA and CD28-mRNA levels where vinflunine suppressed the CD28-mRNA induction. In sum, we demonstrated that certain cytostatic drugs being relevant for the therapy of urothelial cancer, affect co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory modulators of immune signaling with potential impact for perspective combined ICB therapy of patients.
Ce:LYSO, from scintillator to solid-state lighting as a blue luminescent concentrator
Authors: Lopez Lisa , Pichon Pierre , Loiseau Pascal , Viana Bruno , Mahiou Rachid , Druon Frederic , Georges Patrick , Balembois François 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCerium-doped lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate (Ce:LYSO) is a well-known single crystal scintillator used in medical imaging and security scanners. Recent development of high power UV LED, matching its absorption band, questions the possibility to use Ce:LYSO in a new way: as LED-pumped solid-state light source. Since Ce:LYSO is available in large size crystals, we investigate its potential as a luminescent concentrator. This paper reports an extensive study of the performance in close relation to the spectroscopic properties of this crystal. It gives the reasons why the Ce:LYSO crystal tested in this study is less efficient than Ce:YAG for luminescent concentration: limited quantum efficiency and high losses coming from self-absorption and from excited-state absorption are playing key roles. However, we demonstrate that a Ce:LYSO luminescent concentrator is an innovative source for solid-state lighting. Pumped by a peak power of 3400 W in quasi-continuous wave regime (40 µs, 10 Hz), a rectangular (1 × 22 × 105 mm3) Ce:LYSO crystal delivers a broadband spectrum (60 nm FWHM) centered at 430 nm. At full output aperture (20 × 1 mm2), it emits a peak power of 116 W. On a squared output surface (1 × 1 mm2) it emits 16 W corresponding to a brightness of 509 W cm–2 sr–1. This combination of spectrum power and brightness is higher than blue LEDs and opens perspectives for Ce:LYSO in the field of illumination namely for imaging.
Reappraisal capacity is unrelated to depressive and anxiety symptoms
Authors: Andrews Jack L. , Dalgleish Tim , Stretton Jason , Schweizer Susanne 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResearch suggests affective symptoms are associated with reduced habitual use of reappraisal as an emotion regulation strategy in individuals with mental health problems. Less is known, however, about whether mental health problems are related to reduced reappraisal capacity per se. The current study investigates this question using a film-based emotion regulation task that required participants to use reappraisal to downregulate their emotional response to highly evocative real-life film footage. We pooled data (N = 512, age: 18–89 years, 54% female) from 6 independent studies using this task. In contrast to our predictions, symptoms of depression and anxiety were unrelated to self-reported negative affect after reappraisal or to emotional reactivity to negative films. Implications for the measurement of reappraisal as well as future directions for research in the field of emotion regulation are discussed.
Framework of magnetostrain responsive Ni–Mn–Ga microparticles driving magnetic field induced out-of-plane actuation of laminate composite
Authors: Han DongKeun , Chiu Wan-Ting , Tahara Masaki , Chernenko Volodymyr , Lanceros-Mendez Senentxu , Hosoda Hideki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNi–Mn–Ga single crystals (SC) exhibiting a giant magnetic field induced strain (MFIS), resulting from twin boundaries rearrangements, are excellent materials for novel actuators although enhanced brittleness and high costs are remaining the issues for applications. In polycrystalline state Ni–Mn–Ga alloys show small MFIS due to grain boundary constraints. By simple size reduction of the mentioned materials it is hardly possible to create quasi-two-dimensional MFIS actuators on the microscale with a pertinent out-of-plane performance. In pursuit of the trend for next generation materials and functions by design, in the present work we have developed a laminate composite as a prototype of microactuator with the out-of-plane stroke being driven by a framework of magnetostrain responsive Ni–Mn–Ga microparticles. The laminate consisted of the layer of crystallographically oriented Ni–Mn–Ga semi-free SC microparticles sandwiched between bonding polymer and Cu foils. Such design provided a particles isolation with a minimum constraint condition from the polymer. MFIS of the individual particles and the whole laminate composite was investigated by X-ray micro-CT 3D imaging. Both particles and laminate exhibited the same recoverable out-of-plane stroke produced by the particles´ MFIS of around 3% under 0.9 T. The developed microactuator design is promising for applications in the areas of micro-robotics, optical image stabilization in cameras, pumps for microfluidics etc.