bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boosting the Electrochemical Performance of Lithium‐Rich Cathodes by Oxygen Vacancy Engineering
Authors: Farahmandjou Majid , Lai Wei‐Hong , Safaei Javad , Wang Shijian , Huang Zefu , Marlton Frederick , Ruan Jiufeng , Sun Bing , Gao Hong , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) , Notten Peter H. L. , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe challenges of voltage decay and irreversible oxygen release for lithium‐rich layered oxide cathode materials have hindered their commercial application despite their high energy density and low cost. Herein, a facile post‐annealing strategy is developed to pre‐introduce oxygen vacancies (OVs) into Li1.2Mn0.457Ni0.229Co0.114O2 cathode materials. The induced OVs modify the local Mn coordination environments, enhance structural stability, and suppress oxygen release. The modified cathode exhibits a discharge capacity of 224.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C after 100 cycles with 97.7 % capacity retention. Even at 2 C, excellent capacity retention of 93.3 % after 300 cycles can be achieved. In situ and ex situ X‐ray diffraction are used to elucidate the reaction mechanisms and crystal structure during cycling tests. Ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the suppressed oxygen release, enhanced oxygen vacancies and reduced cathode‐electrolyte interfacial layer after cycling for the post‐annealed cathode. Our results show that the presence of oxygen vacancies through thermal expansion diminishes the phase transitions in cathode materials during the heating process. These findings contribute to developing next‐generation Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) by oxygen vacancy engineering for new cathode materials with improved electrochemical performances.
Perception of urinary biomarker tests among patients referred with suspected urological malignancy
Authors: Bullock Nicholas , Mubarak Mohamed , Morris Ceri , Clements Colette , Geere Clare , Tidball Sarah , Bois Elizabeth , Davies Michael , Featherstone Jonathan , Narahari Krishna , Weeks Ian , Kynaston Howard 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the acceptability of a non‐invasive urinary biomarker test in place of conventional flexible cystoscopy for the diagnosis of bladder cancer in patients referred to a Rapid Access Haematuria Clinic (RAHC) with suspected urological malignancy.Patients and methodsPatients attending a RAHC were recruited to a prospective observational study evaluating a novel urinary biomarker (URO17™) for the detection of bladder cancer and invited to complete a two‐part structured questionnaire. Questions related to demographics, attitudes towards conventional cystoscopy and the minimal acceptable sensitivity (MAS) at which a urinary biomarker would be considered an alternative to flexible cystoscopy both before and after undergoing the procedure.ResultsA total of 250 patients completed the survey; the majority of whom were referred with visible haematuria (75.2%). One hundred seventy‐one (68.4%) would be willing to accept a urinary biomarker in place of cystoscopy, with 59 (23.6%) expressing preference for the biomarker with a MAS as low as 85%. Conversely, 74 patients (29.6%) would not be willing to accept a urinary biomarker, regardless of its sensitivity. A significant number of patients reported a change in MAS after undergoing cystoscopy, with 80 (32.0%) and 16 (6.4%) increasing and decreasing the required value respectively (P = 0.001). The greatest increase was seen in the proportion of patients unwilling to accept a urinary biomarker regardless of its sensitivity, rising from 29.6% to 38.4%.ConclusionsAlthough many patients attending a RAHC would be willing to accept a urinary biomarker test in place of conventional flexible cystoscopy for the detection of bladder cancer, effective patient, public and clinician engagement will be necessary at all stages of implementation if it is to become an established component of the diagnostic pathway.
Identification of best testers for heterotic grouping of tropical maize inbred lines using GGE biplot
Authors: Karjagi Chikkappa Gangadhar , Phagna Ramesh Kumar , Neelam Sunil , Sekhar Javaji Chandra , Singh Shyam Bir , Yathish Kondaji R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn understanding of the heterotic pattern in the active germplasm is the first and crucial step in any hybrid breeding program. Diallel and line × tester (L × T) mating designs were extensively followed to understand the heterotic pattern based on the combining ability information. The present study adopted GGE biplots, generated using theL × Tmatrix to understand the tropical maize germplasm's heterotic pattern and identify the best tester combinations for heterotic grouping. TheL × Tmatrix and combining ability information was generated by evaluating 985 testcross, generated by crossing 110 diverse tropical inbred lines with 10 inbred testers at two geographically diverse locations. The stability of combining ability effects, the magnitude and direction of combining ability effects, and also the discrimination and representativeness of testers were considered for the identification of best tester combinations for heterotic grouping. The present investigation has shown the usefulness of GGE biplots’ effectiveness in understanding the heterotic pattern and identifying the best tester combinations for heterotic grouping. The results of the present investigation revealed the existing heterotic pattern in the elite tropical maize inbred lines that were extensively used in hybrid maize breeding. The findings of the present study are of immense practical significance, which not only guides different hybrid maize breeding programs but also helps to identify the best testers in their respective hybrid breeding programs. The study showed that the GGE biplot method can be adopted to understand the active germplasm's heterotic pattern and organize the germplasm into different heterotic groups.
Trading labor for experience: The role of unpaid internships in shaping Active Labor Market Policies in Ireland since the Great Recession
Authors: Arlow Jonathan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractActive Labor Market Policies (ALMPs), which include state‐funded apprenticeships, have long been used as a way of encouraging unemployed youth into skilled and semiskilled trades. However, new forms of “nonstandard” employment are now dominating young people's experience of the labor market. In fact, unpaid internships are becoming a normal part of a modern curriculum vitae and viewed as a necessary rite of passage for a successful school‐to‐work transfer, especially in the middle‐class professions. Through the use of freedom of information requests, policy documents, evaluation reports, and semistructured interviews, this paper examines the role of unpaid internships in shaping the four most recent ALMPs targeted at Irish youth since the Great Recession (2008). It theorizes that the increased prevalence of unpaid internships in the entry‐level jobs market leads to Irish policymakers designing youth unemployment ALMPs based on a private‐sector unpaid internship model. This paper will first situate youth unemployment policy within the literature on ALMPs and unpaid internships. It will then combine process tracing as a within‐case research method with a comparative case study of the four ALMPs. In conclusion, this paper finds that Irish youth unemployment policy designed during periods of economic crisis tends to prioritize the needs of host organizations and mirror employment norms established through unpaid internships. Conversely, during periods of economic growth, the Irish youth unemployment policy reverts to a more regulated model that protects the entry‐level jobs market. Furthermore, this paper recommends that European states should prohibit the use of unpaid internships to avoid further entrenching precarious and discriminatory work patterns.
Cognitive impairment as a comorbidity of epilepsy in older adults: Analysis of global and domain‐specific cognition
Authors: Chai Xinyi , Xiao Zhenxu , Zhao Qianhua , Wang Jianhong , Ding Ding , Zhang Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the association between epilepsy and cognitive impairment and to determine the factors associated with cognitive impairment in older people with epilepsy.MethodsPeople with epilepsy and controls aged ≥50 years were recruited and their global and domain‐specific cognitive functions were evaluated by a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Clinical characteristics were obtained from medical records. Analysis of covariance was used to examine the difference of cognition between two groups, after adjusting for age, gender, education years, hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease. A multiple linear regression model was used to explore the potential impact factors of cognitive functions among people with epilepsy.ResultsThis study recruited 90 people with epilepsy and 110 controls. The proportion of cognitive impairment among older adults with epilepsy was 62.2%, which was significantly higher than controls (25.5%, p < .001). People with epilepsy performed worse on global cognition (p < .001), especially in domains of memory (p < .001), executive function (p < .001), language (p < .001), and attention (p = .031). Among older adults with epilepsy, age was negatively correlated with the scores of memory (β = −.303, p = .029), executive function (β = −.354, p = .008), and attention (β = −.558, p < .001). Females performed better on executive function (β = −.350, p = .002) than males. Education years had a positive correlation with global cognition (β = .314, p = .004). Number of antiseizure medications was also negatively correlated with scores of spatial construction function (β = −.272, p = .019).SignificanceOur results indicated that cognitive impairment was a major comorbidity of epilepsy. Number of antiseizure medications is suggested as a potential risk factor of impaired cognition in older people with epilepsy.
Competing for perfection: A scoping review evaluating relationships between competitiveness and eating disorders or disordered eating behaviours
Authors: Osborn Kimberly D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveEating disorders (EDs) impact multiple domains in a person's life including interpersonal interactions. Although a considerable amount of literature has evaluated social comparison and ED pathology, less has focussed on the influence of competitiveness on eating behaviours within ED and community samples. To address this, a systematic scoping review was conducted to evaluate current knowledge on this topic.MethodPRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews were utilised to identify relevant articles in three databases without limits to date or publication type.ResultsA total of 2952 articles were identified. After removing duplicates and books, 1782 articles were evaluated against inclusion criteria, and 91 articles were included. Results were synthesised under six differing conceptualisations of competitiveness: competition in pro‐eating disorder communities (n = 28), general personality competitiveness (n = 20), sexual competition hypothesis (n = 18), interpersonal competitiveness with peers (n = 17), familial competitiveness (n = 8) and competitiveness to avoid inferiority (n = 5).ConclusionVarying conceptualisations of competitiveness were identified within the ED literature, and preliminary evidence suggests competitiveness may be associated with ED pathology in ED and community samples, although results were not uniform. Future research is needed to clarify these relationships and to identify possible clinical implications.
Structural architecture and brain network efficiency link polygenic scores to intelligence
Authors: Genç Erhan , Metzen Dorothea , Fraenz Christoph , Schlüter Caroline , Voelkle Manuel C. , Arning Larissa , Streit Fabian , Nguyen Huu Phuc , Güntürkün Onur , Ocklenburg Sebastian , Kumsta Robert 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntelligence is highly heritable. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have shown that thousands of alleles contribute to variation in intelligence with small effect sizes. Polygenic scores (PGS), which combine these effects into one genetic summary measure, are increasingly used to investigate polygenic effects in independent samples. Whereas PGS explain a considerable amount of variance in intelligence, it is largely unknown how brain structure and function mediate this relationship. Here, we show that individuals with higher PGS for educational attainment and intelligence had higher scores on cognitive tests, larger surface area, and more efficient fiber connectivity derived by graph theory. Fiber network efficiency as well as the surface of brain areas partly located in parieto‐frontal regions were found to mediate the relationship between PGS and cognitive performance. These findings are a crucial step forward in decoding the neurogenetic underpinnings of intelligence, as they identify specific regional networks that link polygenic predisposition to intelligence.
The effect of topical olive oil application on the symptoms of infantile colic: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Mohammadian‐Dameski Maryam , Farhat AhmadShah , Afzal Aghaee Monavar , Nademi Zohreh , Hadianfar Ali , Shirazinia Matin , Motavasselian Maliheh , Askari Vahid Reza 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsInfantile colic is one of the most common disorders in the first months of infants' lives. This condition hurts parents' moods. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the topical use of olive oil on infantile colic symptoms.MethodsThe study was carried out on 80 infants 1–3 months old, randomly allocated into two groups, receiving abdominal massage with olive oil thrice a day in the intervention group (n = 40) and the same procedure with liquid paraffin in the placebo group (n = 40), for 14 successive days. During this period, the parents recorded the episodes of colic, duration of colic, crying intensity, and episodes of defecation. These variables were assessed and compared at the beginning and on the 7th and 14th days.ResultsThe mean crying duration changed from 4.05 ± 2.44 to 1.41 ± 1.03 h/day (65% decrease) in the olive oil group and from 3.85 ± 1.37 to 1.60 ± 1.32 h/day (58% decrease) in the paraffin group (p = 0.38). The episodes of crying were reduced from 5.79 ± 4.56 to 2.51 ± 4.93 episodes/day (↓57%) in the olive group and from 6.01 ± 3.40 to 3.01 ± 2.40 episodes/day (↓50%) in the paraffin oil group (p = 0.14). Furthermore, the intensity of crying was decreased from 9.04 ± 1.54 to 4.48 ± 2.17 (p < 0.001) in the olive oil group and from 9.0 ± 1.20 to 4.77 ± 1.68 (p < 0.001) in the paraffin oil group. On the 14th day, the crying intensity showed no significant difference between the two groups.ConclusionAbdominal massage with olive oil has the same effect as massage with paraffin oil in reducing the symptoms of infantile colic.
An axisymmetric bioheat transfer analysis through a unified model
Authors: Verma Anil Kumar , Rath Prasenjit , Mahapatra Swarup Kumar , Kumar Sunil 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA unified model is developed for the analysis of heat transfer (radiation and non‐Fourier conduction) in an axisymmetric participating medium. The proposed model includes three different variants of hyperbolic–parabolic heat conduction models, that is, the single phase lag model, dual phase lag model, and the Fourier (no phase lag) model. The radiating‐conducting medium is radiatively absorbing, emitting, and isotropically scattering. Significance of all the above mentioned models on the heat transfer characteristics is investigated in a two‐dimensional axisymmetric geometry. The equation of transfer and the coupled non‐Fourier conduction‐radiation equation are solved via finite volume method. A fully implicit scheme is used to resolve the transient terms in the energy equation. For spatial resolution of radiation information, the STEP scheme is applied. Tri‐diagonal‐matrix‐algorithm is used to solve the resulting set of linear discrete equations. Effects of two important influencing parameters: the scattering albedo and the radiation‐ conduction parameter are studied on the temporal evolution of temperature field in the radiatively participating medium. The non‐Fourier effect of heat transport captured well with the proposed unified model. A good agreement can be found between the proposed model predictions and those available in the literature. It is also found that when the phase lag of the temperature gradient and the heat flux are the same, it reduces to conventional Fourier conduction‐radiation and the wave behavior diminishes. However, the reduction to this Fourier model fails in the presence of constant blood perfusion and metabolic heat generation.
Natural convection heat transfer from upward‐facing plates in saline water
Authors: Pattanayak Bikash , Lal Sarath S. , Kothadia Hardik B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSaltwater or brackish water is used as a coolant in most industries. Therefore, understanding the heat transfer processes and hydrodynamics during the natural convection in saline water is crucial for enhancing the efficiency of a heat exchanger. This study elaborates on the natural convection heat transfer in saline water under atmospheric conditions. A DC power supply is used to regulate the power given to the heater in a liquid pool for thermal analysis. The pool liquid comprises solutions with varying salinity from 0%, 0.2%, 0.5%, and 2%. The effect of varying salinity on the heat transfer coefficient and the thermal aspects encountered during the desalination process is analyzed. The temperature distribution across the surface of the heater is monitored using an infrared camera. It is studied for the solution of different salinities. The heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number are investigated during natural convection for normal water and salt solution of different concentrations. It is inferred from the study that in the regime of natural convection, there is no significant difference in the Nusselt number for normal water and saltwater for the lower value of temperature difference between the plate and pool. The heat transfer coefficient in 0.2% saline water is higher as compared to the other solutions.
Horizontal motions of a rigid disk placed on a poroelastic soil layer of finite thickness
Authors: Yang Zijian , Zou Xinjun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the previous studies of rigid disk–soil dynamics, the soil under the foundation is usually treated as a poroelastic half‐space medium. However, the waves due to the vibration of rigid disk can reflect and refract back and forth between the finite soil layer and rigid bedrock, which would significantly influence the soil deformation and flow of the rigid disk–soil system. In order to overcome the shortcoming, this paper presents an analytical solution to determine the response of the rigid disk subjected to harmonic horizontal loads resting on poroelastic soil layer overlying rigid bedrock. The displacements and stresses field of the disk and soil are obtained by virtue of the Hankel transform method, dual integral equations method. Furthermore, the rationality and accuracy of the developed solution are confirmed in comparison with the previous studies. Based on the obtained solutions, numerical examples are performed to the effects of the thickness and permeability of poroelastic soil layer on the dynamic response of the rigid disk–soil system in the physical domain.
Perceived stress, stress coping strategies, and post‐traumatic‐growth among healthcare professionals during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Salmani Roghayeh , Kazemi Hasan , Mehrtak Mohammad , Mehraban Sattar , Mousazadeh Yalda 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimThe purpose of this research was to identify the perceived stress, stress coping strategies, and Post‐Traumatic‐Growth (PTG) among Iranian healthcare professionals.DesignA cross‐sectional study was applied.MethodsThis study was conducted among 402 healthcare professionals in northwestern Iran. Participants completed demographic, perceived stress, stress coping strategies, and PTG questionnaires. Multiple linear regression was employed to identify the predictors of perceived stress and PTG.ResultsThe overall score of perceived stress was calculated 30.55 (6.18). The problem‐oriented strategy was the most common stress coping by healthcare professionals (52.66 (8.72)). Also, the total score of PTG was calculated at 45.72 (30.42). Perceived stress, stress coping strategies (except problem‐oriented), and PTG scores were significantly different between hospital and health centres participants (p‐value < 0.05). Previous experience in critical situations, crisis‐related course, degree, age, department, and stress coping strategies were related to the stress level. Moreover, workplace, department, work experiences, and employment status were the predictors of PTG.
Convergence and optimality of an adaptive modified weak Galerkin finite element method
Authors: Yingying Xie , Cao Shuhao , Chen Long , Zhong Liuqiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn adaptive modified weak Galerkin method (AmWG) for an elliptic problem is studied in this article, in addition to its convergence and optimality. The modified weak Galerkin bilinear form is simplified without the need of the skeletal variable, and the approximation space is chosen as the discontinuous polynomial space as in the discontinuous Galerkin method. Upon a reliable residual‐based a posteriori error estimator, an adaptive algorithm is proposed together with its convergence and quasi‐optimality proved for the lowest order case. The primary tool is to bridge the connection between the modified weak Galerkin method and the Crouzeix–Raviart nonconforming finite element. Unlike the traditional convergence analysis for methods with a discontinuous polynomial approximation space, the convergence of AmWG is penalty parameter free. Numerical results are presented to support the theoretical results.
Night‐to‐night variability of polygraphy in children with sleep disordered breathing symptoms
Authors: Yilmaz Yegit Cansu , Erdem Eralp Ela , Gokdemir Yasemin , Ergenekon Pinar , Sabancı Meltem , Ay Pinar , Karadag Bulent , Ersu Refika 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionPolygraphy (PG) can be used as an alternative test for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children. Night‐to‐night variability of PG in children is not known. Our aim was to determine whether a single night PG was reliable for OSAS diagnosis in children with symptoms of sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB).Materials and MethodsOtherwise healthy children who had been evaluated for symptoms of SDB were included. Two nocturnal PGs were performed 2–7 days apart. Demographic and clinical characteristics, Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire, and modified Epworth Sleepiness Scale were recorded. OSAS was diagnosed if obstructive apnea–hypopnea index was (oAHI) ⩾ 1/h and classified as mild (oAHI: 1–4.9/h), moderate (oAHI: 5–9.9/h), and severe (oAHI ⩾ 10/h).ResultsForty‐eight patients were included (37.5% female, age 10.8 ± 3.9 years) to the study. There were no significant differences in oAHI values and other respiratory parameters between the two PGs (p > 0.05). Thirty‐nine children were diagnosed with OSAS if the highest oAHI over any single night was used for diagnosis. Thirty‐three of the 39 children (84.6%) were diagnosed with OSAS with the first PG while 35 of 39 (89.7%) children were diagnosed with OSAS with the second PG. There was an agreement for identifying OSAS and its severity between the two PGs in our study even though there were few individual intra‐subject differences in oAHI.ConclusionThere was no significant first‐night effect for PG in this study which suggests that a single night PG is adequate for diagnosis of OSAS in children with SDB‐ related symptoms.