bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manipulations of Spin Waves by Photoelectrons in Ferromagnetic/Non‐Ferromagnetic Alloyed Film
Authors: Zhao Meng , Zhao Yifan , Li Yaojin , Dong Guohua , He Zhexi , Du Yujing , Jiang Yuxuan , Wu Shaoyuan , Wang Chenying , Zhao Libo , Jiang Zhuangde , Liu Ming , Zhou Ziyao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSpin waves are considered to be an alternative carrier with great promise for information sensing. The feasible excitation and low‐power manipulation of spin waves still remain a challenge. In this regard, natural light enablings spin‐wave tunability in Co60Al40‐alloyed film is investigated. A reversible shift of the critical angle (from 81° in the dark to 83° under illumination) of the body spin‐wave is achieved successfully Meanwhile, an eye‐catching shift (817 Oe) of the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) field is obtained optically, leading to changes in magnetic anisotropy. Based on the modified Puszkarski's surface inhomogeneity model, the control of spin‐wave resonance (SWR) by sunlight can be understood by an effective photoelectron‐doping‐induced change of the surface magnetic anisotropy. Furthermore, the body spin wave is modulated stably with natural light illumination, confirming a non‐volatile, reversible switching behavior. This work has both practical and theoretical importance for developing future sunlight‐tunable magnonics/spintronics devices.
Plasmonically‐Enhanced Radioluminescence Induced by Energy Transfer in Colloidal CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals via Hybridization of Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Jeon Gi Wan , Cho Sangeun , Park Sunjung , Kim Do Wan , Jana Atanu , Park Dong Hyuk , Kwak Jungwon , Im Hyunsik , Jang Jae‐Won 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNanocrystals of CsPbBr3, a colloidal perovskite, are hybridized with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and organic molecules (2,5‐diphenyloxazole, PPO) to improve X‐ray radioluminescence (RL). It is known that charge transfer from the PPO molecules to the CsPbBr3 nanocrystals enhances the RL efficiency of the CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. In this study, Ag NPs are introduced to further enhance the RL efficiency. The plasmonic process of the Ag NPs is activated by the PPO molecules, which contain X‐ray‐induced high‐energy charges. Subsequently, electric fields induced by the plasmonic process of the Ag NPs accelerate the charge transfer from the PPO molecules to the CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. The plasmonic effect of the Ag NPs is demonstrated by the full‐width half maximum (FWHM): the photoluminescence FWHM of the hybridized CsPbBr3 nanocrystals is reduced, whereas the RL FWHM remains unchanged. The Ag‐NP‐induced plasmonic effect improves the RL efficiency of the PPO‐decorated CsPbBr3 nanocrystals by ≈10%. The obtained results demonstrate that a plasmonic process can strengthen the RL of X‐ray scintillators for X‐ray detection and imaging.
Construction of Sulfonyl Dibenzofused Medium‐Size Oxacycles via Bi(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Friedel‐Crafts‐Type Annulation
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Hsueh Nai‐Chen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHerein, Bi(OTf)3‐catalyzed Friedel‐Crafts‐type annulation of sulfonyl o‐hydroxyacetophenones with benzofused cycloethers is described. This single‐step strategy provides a variety of functionalized dibenzofused medium‐size (9–12) oxacycles through the formation of carbon‐carbon and carbon‐oxygen single bonds. Further, the oxidative application of target oxacycles was investigated. The chemical structures of the key products were determined based on the single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. In the overall process, water was generated as the byproduct.
Photoredox‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Homoallylamines from Unactivated Imines and Allyl Bromides
Authors: Huang Lan‐Qian , Yang De‐Yong , Dong Chun‐Lin , He Yan‐Hong , Guan Zhi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA photoredox‐catalyzed umpolung strategy for the synthesis of homoallylamines from unactivated imines and allyl bromides is described. This strategy exploited N,N‐diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) as an auxiliary agent to indirectly realize the cross‐coupling of imines and allyl bromides. Various sterically hindered homoallylamines were synthesized by combining photocatalysis with halogen atom transfer (XAT). Notable characteristics of this approach include water‐insensitive reaction conditions, high yield (up to 99%), wide substrate scope (suitable for N‐aryl/alkyl and C‐aryl ketimines and aldimines, 39 examples), and high tolerance of functional groups (such as cyano, ester, amide, and thioamide).
UFO‐Shaped Integrated Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Water Wave Energy Harvesting
Authors: Wu Shishuo , Yang Jiahong , Wang Yifei , Liu Bin , Xiong Yao , Jiao Haishuang , Liu Yang , Bao Rongrong , Wang Zhong Lin , Sun Qijun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which is suitable for low‐frequency and high‐entropy mechanical energy harvesting, has great advantages in ocean energy collection and potential blue energy applications. The rational structural design can ensure the best working state of TENG in complex marine environment. Herein, an unidentified flying object (UFO) shaped integrated triboelectric energy harvester (U‐TENG) is proposed for complex and random ocean wave energy harvesting. The U‐TENG is assembled in a vertical structure by combining a coping TENG in a rotational structure and a bottom TENG in a rolling‐ball design. The proposed vertically integrated TENG structure can increase the efficiency of space utilization and improve the entirety output performance compared with the single device structure. A sophisticated auxiliary facility has also been pioneerily designed to simulate the ocean waving during the experiment tests. The prepared U‐TENG can easily light up dozens of light emitting diodes and power a commercial hygrothermograph at a low operating frequency. This work provides a highly efficient means to the development of high‐performance and robust TENG for ocean energy harvesting.
Behavioral Posology: A Novel Paradigm for Modeling the Healthy Limits of Behaviors
Authors: Henry Nathan , Pedersen Mangor , Williams Matt , Donkin Liesje 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOne of the challenges faced by behavioral scientists is the lack of modeling methodologies for accurately determining when a behavior becomes problematic. The authors propose “behavioral posology” as a novel modeling paradigm for quantifying the healthy limits of behaviors through the concept of behavioral dose. As an example of this paradigm, a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model of a hypothetical digital behavior is presented, based on opponent process theory. The generic model can be adapted to simulate Solomon and Corbit's model of affective dynamics from 1974, and the model predicts features of addiction such as hedonic allostasis, withdrawal, and apparent tolerance. A behavioral frequency response analysis (BFRA) of the model demonstrates how behavior repetition may result in a hormetic dose–response relationship that depends on the frequency of the behavior. The model can be experimentally validated using Ecological Momentary Assessment, allowing researchers to hypothesize, model, and test causal mechanisms for behavioral addictions. The potential for behavioral posology to be applied as a clinical support tool in psychological medicine is discussed, as this modeling framework may help to detect and limit behaviors being performed too frequently based on factors such as the person's moral beliefs.
In‐Plane AlN‐based Actuator: Toward a New Generation of Piezoelectric MEMS
Authors: Bespalova Kristina , Nieminen Tarmo , Gabrelian Artem , Ross Glenn , Paulasto‐Kröckel Mervi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA novel design that utilizes aluminum nitride (AlN) piezoelectric thin films deposited on vertical surfaces for lateral motion and sensing is a step toward emerging multi‐axial microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). This work demonstrates the fabrication process and potential applications of an in‐plane moving piezoactuator. The actuator is excited using the inverse piezoelectric effect of the AlN thin film grown on the vertical surfaces of a Si cantilever. Lateral motion of the actuator is enabled when a voltage is applied between the top and bottom electrodes of the device, which are highly doped Si and titanium nitride thin film. The motion of the actuator is captured using scanning electron microscope.
Beyond Protocols: Understanding the Electrical Behavior of Perovskite Solar Cells by Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Ghahremanirad Elnaz , Almora Osbel , Suresh Sunil , Drew Amandine A. , Chowdhury Towhid H. , Uhl Alexander R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractImpedance spectroscopy (IS) is an effective characterization technique used to probe and distinguish charge dynamics occurring at different timescales in optoelectronic and electric devices. With the rapid rise of research being conducted on perovskite solar cells (PSCs), IS has significantly contributed to the understanding of their device performance and degradation mechanisms, including metastable effects such as current–voltage hysteresis. The ionic–electronic behavior of PSCs and the presence of a wide variety of perovskite compositions and cell architectures add complexity to the accurate interpretation of the physical processes occurring in these devices. In this review, the most common IS protocols are explained to help perform accurate impedance measurements on PSC devices. It critically reviews the most commonly used equivalent circuits alongside drift‐diffusion modeling as a complementary technique to analyze the impedance response of PSCs. As an emerging method for characterizing the interfacial recombination between the perovskite layer and selective contacts, light intensity modulated impedance spectroscopy technique is further discussed. Lastly, important works on the application of IS measurement protocols for PSCs are summarized followed by a detailed discussion, providing a critical perspective and outlook on the growing topic of IS on PSCs.
Effects of cattle manure and soil parent material on shallow groundwater quality
Authors: Streeter Matthew T. , Schilling Keith E. , Jones Christopher S. , St. Clair Marty 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLivestock are a critical agricultural commodity in the Midwestern United States and are directly linked to row crop production. Chemical and manure nutrient application for row crop production has resulted in significant losses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to downstream ecosystems causing environmental crises like seasonal hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. However, the use of cattle manure has multiple benefits over commercial fertilizer including increased soil carbon levels and improved nutrient cycling and should be considered a critical component for future agricultural production in Iowa. In this study, we evaluated influences of bedded cattle manure and commercial fertilizer on groundwater quality in a field with varying soil parent material of glacial till and colluvium in eastern Iowa. We found that soil parent material predominately influenced groundwater quality. Multiple water quality parameters including nitrate varied significantly (p < 0.0001). Nitrate concentrations were nearly double in colluvium compared to glacial till (13.2 ± 6.7 compared to 7.0 ± 3.6 mg/L, respectively). Further, nitrate concentrations averaged 12.2 ± 8.1 mg/L in areas receiving bedded cattle manure and were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) compared to areas receiving commercial fertilizer only, which averaged 8.6 ± 4.7 mg/L. Dissolved P was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in areas receiving bedded cattle manure averaging 0.13 ± 0.12 mg/L compared to 0.07 ± 0.04 mg/L in commercial fertilizer‐only areas. However, higher nitrate concentrations were likely linked to 70 kg/ha of additional N applied to manure areas by farm managers above corn removal rates. Overall, our results stress the importance of appropriate nutrient application rates and placement over nutrient source.
Efficacy and safety of early‐start deferiprone in infants and young children with transfusion‐dependent beta thalassemia: Evidence for iron shuttling to transferrin in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, clinical trial (START)
Authors: Elalfy Mohsen S. , Hamdy Mona , Adly Amira , Ebeid Fatma S. E. , Temin Noemi Toiber , Rozova Anna , Lee David , Fradette Caroline , Tricta Fernando 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChildren with transfusion‐dependent thalassemia (TDT) require regular blood transfusions that, without iron‐chelation therapy, lead to iron‐overload toxicities. Current practice delays chelation therapy (late‐start) until reaching iron overload (serum ferritin ≥1000 μg/L) to minimize risks of iron‐depletion. Deferiprone's distinct pharmacological properties, including iron‐shuttling to transferrin, may reduce risks of iron depletion during mild‐to‐moderate iron loads and iron overload/toxicity in children with TDT. The early‐start deferiprone (START) study evaluated the efficacy/safety of early‐start deferiprone in infants/young children with TDT. Sixty‐four infants/children recently diagnosed with beta‐thalassemia and serum ferritin (SF) between 200 and 600 μg/L were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive deferiprone or placebo for 12 months or until reaching SF‐threshold (≥1000 μg/L at two consecutive visits). Deferiprone was initiated at 25 mg/kg/day and increased to 50 mg/kg/day; some recipients' dosages increased to 75 mg/kg/day based on iron levels. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients ≥SF‐threshold by month 12. Monthly transferrin saturation (TSAT) assessment evaluated iron‐shuttling. At baseline, there was no significant difference in mean age (deferiprone: 3.03 years, placebo: 2.63 years), SF (deferiprone: 513.8 μg/L, placebo: 451.7 μg/L), or TSAT (deferiprone: 47.98%, placebo: 43.43%) between groups. At month 12, there was no significant difference in growth or adverse event (AE) rates between groups. No deferiprone‐treated patients were iron‐depleted. At month 12, 66% of patients receiving deferiprone remained below SF threshold versus 39% of placebo (p = .045). Deferiprone‐treated patients showed higher TSAT levels and reached ≥60% TSAT threshold faster. Early‐start deferiprone was well‐tolerated, not associated with iron depletion, and efficacious in reducing iron overload in infants/children with TDT. TSAT results provide the first clinical evidence of deferiprone shuttling iron to transferrin.
Photo Responsive Electron and Proton Conductivity within a Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework
Authors: Chen Shimin , Ju Yan , Zhang Hao , Zou Yingbing , Lin Si , Li Yunbin , Wang Shuaiqi , Ma En , Deng Weihua , Xiang Shengchang , Chen Banglin , Zhang Zhangjing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRational design of crystalline porous materials with coupled proton‐electron transfer has not yet been reported to date. Herein, we report a donor‐acceptor (D‐A) π‐π stacking hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF; HOF‐FJU‐36) with zwitterionic 1,1′‐bis(3‐carboxybenzyl)‐4,4′‐bipyridinium (H2L2+) as acceptor and 2,7‐naphthalene disulfonate (NDS2−) as donor to form a two‐dimensional (2D) layer. Three water molecules were situated in the channels to connect with acidic species through hydrogen bonding interactions to give a 3D framework. The continuous π‐π interactions along the a axis and the smooth H‐bonding chain along the b axis provide the electron and proton transfer pathways, respectively. After 405 nm light irradiation, the photogenerated radicals could simultaneously endow HOF‐FJU‐36 with photoswitchable electron and proton conductivity due to coupled electron‐proton transfer. By single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) analyses, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transient absorption spectra and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the mechanism of the switchable conductivity upon irradiation has been demonstrated.
Experimental study on gas–solid flow and heat transfer characteristics in downer moving bed
Authors: Zhang Shuangming , Zhou Tuo , Wu Haowen , Zhang Man , Zhu Shahong , Yang Hairui 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs a special flow state of the downer, the downer moving bed has been applied in many fields. With the rapid development of the downer moving bed, experimental studies on the flow and heat transfer characteristics in the bed are urgently needed to promote the further development of it. Therefore, a complete set of downer moving bed experimental equipment is completed in this paper. Key parameters of flow characteristics such as void fraction and particle flow velocity are indirectly calculated through direct measurement of pressure and other data. The experimental results show that the factors affecting the solid circulation flow rate include bed inventory and inlet air velocity. Due to the high packing density of the particles, the void fraction of the downer moving bed has a small relative change. The particle flow velocity increases significantly with the increase of the inlet air velocity. Under the joint effect of particle velocity and void fraction, the variation of heat transfer coefficient along the height of the bed presents a single peak curve. And the heat transfer performance of the downer moving bed is obviously better than that of the downer fluidized bed at the same solid circulating flow rate. The differences between different tube bank arrangements and the single tube are compared. It is concluded that in practical applications, the requirements for heat transfer and heat transfer coefficient should be considered together and the best tube bank arrangement should be selected.
Calcium silicate‐reinforced pH‐sensitive alginate‐gellan gum composite hydrogels for prolonged drug delivery
Authors: Panday Anupama , Yadav Harsh , Patel Jwala , Paliwal Rishi , Maiti Sabyasachi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study disclosed the synthesis and characterization of externally and/or internally crosslinked alginate‐gellan gum composite interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) and IPN hydrogel microspheres for controlled delivery of gliclazid. The internal cross‐linking of the polymer sol was accomplished via slow release of Ca2+ ions from calcium silicate in presence of gluconic acid d‐lactone. The microspheres had spherical shape with smooth surface morphology. The IPN or composite IPN hydrogel microspheres had drug entrapment efficiency of 70%–76%. Incorporation of gellan gum or gellan gum/calcium silicate in the alginate sol sustained the release of drug in simulated gastrointestinal fluids over 12 h without any sign of particle disintegration. Inclusion of calcium silicate in alginate gels was ineffective in controlling drug release under simulated gastrointestinal milieu. The drug release obeyed anomalous diffusion mechanism after inclusion of gellan gum or gellan gum‐calcium silicate in the alginate gel microspheres. Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and zeta analysis confirmed absence of drug‐polymer chemical interaction. The thermal and x‐ray diffraction analyses suggested that the drug transformed into amorphous state after incorporation into composite hydrogel system. Hence, it may be advantageous to combine internal and external gelation procedures for creating composite IPN or IPN hydrogel microspheres for avoiding burst effect of alginate microspheres and managing desired drug release patterns in vitro.
Requirement of Snakeskin for normal functions of midgut and Malpighian tubules in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Qing , Yang Rui , Jin Lin , Li Guo‐Qing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSeptate junctions (SJs) are located between epithelial cells and play crucial roles in epithelial barrier formation and epithelia cell homeostasis. Nevertheless, the molecular constituents, especially those related to smooth SJs (sSJs), have not been well explored in non‐Drosophilid insects. A putative integral membrane protein Snakeskin (Ssk) was identified in a Coleoptera foliar pest Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata. RNA interference‐aided knockdown of Hvssk at the third‐instar larval stage arrested larval development. Most resultant larvae failed to shed larval exuviae until their death. Silence of Hvssk at the fourth‐instar larvae inhibited the growth and reduced foliage consumption. Dissection and microscopic observation revealed that compromised expression of Hvssk caused obvious phenotypic defects in the midgut. A great number of morphologically abnormal columnar epithelial cells accumulated throughout the midgut lumen. Moreover, numerous vesicles were observed in the malformed cells of the Malpighian tubules (Mt). All the Hvssk depleted larvae remained as prepupae; they gradually darkened and eventually died. Furthermore, depletion of Hvssk at the pupal stage suppressed adult feeding and shortened adult lifespan. These findings demonstrated that Ssk plays a vital role in the integrity and function of both midguts and Mt, and established the conservative roles of Ssk in the formation of epithelial barrier and the homeostasis of epithelial cells in H. vigintioctopunctata.
Proapoptotic effects of halogenated bis‐phenylthiourea derivatives in cancer cells
Authors: Strzyga‐Łach Paulina , Chrzanowska Alicja , Kiernozek‐Kalińska Ewelina , Żyżyńska‐Granica Barbara , Podsadni Katarzyna , Podsadni Piotr , Bielenica Anna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNew halogenated thiourea derivatives were synthesized via the reaction of substituted phenylisothiocyanates with aromatic amines. Their cytotoxic activity was examined in in vitro studies against solid tumors (SW480, SW620, PC3), a hematological malignance (K‐562), and normal keratinocytes (HaCaT). Most of the compounds were more effective against SW480 (1a, 3a, 3b, 5j), K‐562 (2b, 3a, 4a), or PC3 (5d) cells than cisplatin, with favorable selectivity. Their anticancer mechanisms were studied by Annexin V‐fluorescein‐5‐isothiocyanate apoptosis, caspase‐3/caspase‐7 assessment, cell cycle analysis, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) release inhibition, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation assay. Thioureas 1a, 2b, 3a, and 4a were the most potent activators of early apoptosis in K‐562 cells, and substances 1a, 3b, 5j triggered late‐apoptosis or necrosis in SW480 cells. This proapoptotic effect was proved by the significant increase of caspase‐3/caspase‐7 activation. Cell cycle analysis revealed that derivatives 1a, 3a, 5j increased the number of SW480 and K‐562 cells in the sub‐G1 and/or G0/G1 phases, and one evoked cycle arrest at the G2 phase. The most potent thioureas inhibited IL‐6 cytokine secretion from PC3 cells and both colon cancer cell lines. Apoptosis‐inducing compounds also increased ROS production in all tumor cell cultures, which may enhance their anticancer properties.
An overview of the privileged synthetic heterocycles as urease enzyme inhibitors: Structure–activity relationship
Authors: Sepehri Saghi , Khedmati Mina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUrease is a metalloenzyme including two Ni2+ ions, found in some plants, bacteria, fungi, microorganisms, invertebrate animals, and animal tissues. Urease acts as a significant virulence factor, mainly in catheter blockage and infective urolithiasis as well as in the pathogenesis of gastric infection. Therefore, studies on urease lead to novel synthetic inhibitors. In this review, the synthesis and antiurease activities of a collection of privileged synthetic heterocycles such as (thio)barbiturate, (thio)urea, dihydropyrimidine, and triazol derivatives were described and discussed according to structure–activity relationship findings in search of the best moieties and substituents that are answerable for encouraging the desired activity even more potent than the standard. It was found that linking substituted phenyl and benzyl rings to the heterocycles led to potent urease inhibitors.