bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3.4.3 Architecture Based Design Applied to a Remote Sensing Satellite Planner
Authors: Kaslow David 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTThe Architcture Based Design (ABD) process provides a mechanism and a series of repositories for evolving and documenting an architecture and design. It was first introduced at the INCOSE 1998 Symposium and is beginning to be applied to a variety of architecture and design efforts. The application of ABD to the initial architecture and design of a Planner for a remote sensing system provides insight as how to introduce and implement ABD and the ABD tool set on a project.
2.5.4 Using an Integrated Capability Maturity Model® – The FAA Experience
Authors: Ibrahim Linda 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) developed an integrated Capability Maturity Model (CMM), known as the FAA‐iCMM®, that integrates the Systems Engineering CMM, the Software Acquisition CMM and the CMM for Software. The FAA‐iCMM was released in 1997 and is the first major integrated CMM in existence. Since 1997, it has been successfully guiding the systematic improvement of FAA‐wide processes used to manage, acquire, and engineer systems, products, and services.This paper describes FAA's pioneering experience pursuing integrated process improvement using the FAA‐iCMM. Lessons learned are presented regarding model representation, goal setting, the improvement infrastructure, training, transitioning, and appraisal. Plans to evolve the model and relationships with the government‐industry‐SEI CMM Integration (CMMI) effort are also discussed.The paper will be of interest to any organization that seeks enterprise‐wide process improvement and that might consider using an integrated capability maturity model to guide that effort.
7.5.2 What the Lessons Learned from Large, Complex, Technical Projects Tell Us about the Art of Systems Engineering
Authors: Cook Stephen C 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the literature to identify the lessons that have been learned from a selection of the thousands of projects that have been conducted over the last 15 years or so. The first purpose of this review is to establish a value‐for‐money argument for the application of systems engineering. The review is also intended to provide guidance on the application and development of systems engineering methodologies. To provide a context, the paper opens with a definition of systems engineering, a description of key concepts and a brief discussion on supplementary methodologies. This is followed by a discussion of the lessons learned by NASA, the UK Ministry of Defence, and the UK and USA software development industries. The paper closes with discussion that concludes that systems engineering is a cost‐effective way of ameliorating schedule, performance and user‐acceptance risk for large, complex, technical development projects. It also concludes that the lessons learned indicate the need for more than good processes; there is a growing need to understand and manage the socio‐political issues associated with creating and successfully fielding a complex, technical system.
7.5.3 An Application of the CEaVa Method
Authors: Larsen Bob , Buede Dennis 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the complex world of developing requirements and eliciting user needs, engineers build billions of dollars of products that are wrong on delivery, because they solved the wrong problem. The problem statement does change, because the environment (i.e., schedule, technology, people, or politics) changes. The Continuous Early Validation (CEaVa) refinement method will stabilize the problem statement (i.e., critical requirements or KPPs), which will enhance the probability of building the right product. We will highlight the a $200 M cost savings from a multi‐billion dollar Army Information Technology system case study that utilized the CEaVa method.
7.5.4 International Space Station Integrated Verification Process
Authors: Haskins Bill R. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTThe International Space Station (ISS) verification challenge was developing a process that ensured the verification of lots of requirements for a very complex system. The ISS integrated verification process was developed to provide a disciplined engineering approach for the verification of the ISS specification requirements and to provide a traceable archive of verification data needed to sustain ISS operations. The ISS integrated verification process has proven itself to be a tried and true structured process that can be adapted to any type of simple or complex system.
2.6.4 Creativity and Innovation in the Systems Engineering Process
Authors: Cropley David H , Cropley Arthur J 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe systems engineering process, applied across a typical system life‐cycle model, features design, or synthesis, as a core element. Creativity and innovation are required, to varying degrees, in all successful synthesis activities in systems engineering. The process of creativity and innovation in systems engineering is, however, poorly understood and is not adequately fostered. Educational institutions also place little emphasis on creativity and innovation in undergraduate teaching. This deficiency results in an engineering culture that is frequently resistant to the factors which promote creativity and innovation. This paper presents a phase‐model of creativity which maps onto the process of synthesis in the systems engineering life‐cycle. The paper serves as a framework for fostering creativity and innovation in systems engineers, at all levels, as well as for embedding a creativity culture in the systems engineering process.
5.6.1 AP‐233 Architecture
Authors: Herzog Erik , Törne Anders 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTThis paper outlines the information model architecture of the current working draft, WD4, of ISO 10303 ‐ 233 (AP‐233) standard proposal. The objective is to communicate how the architecture of the information model permits the exchange of systems specifications between computer based systems engineering tools. The model architecture makes no assumptions on the complexity of the information exchanged and does not require specific tool capabilities. The paper also illustrates how supplemental information, in particular configuration management and process information, is handled in the information model. We believe that capturing and maintaining this information is crucial for industrial applications and hence for industrial adoption of AP‐233 by the systems engineering community.
5.6.3 Integrating Systems and Software Engineering Concepts in AP‐233
Authors: Pandikow Asmus , Herzog Erik , Törne Anders 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTThis paper presents ongoing work to extend the ISO 10303‐233 (AP‐233) systems engineering information model in order to integrate software‐engineering concepts. The work is motivated by the increasing importance of software in contemporary systems and the gap between systems and software engineering's specification methods. Encoding entities supporting modern software engineering attains two objectives. Firstly, the model could be used for exchanging software specifications in addition to system specifications. Secondly, relationships between entities representing software and system concepts can be encoded which allows for traceability between requirements expressed in a systems specification and the software design specification.
Friendship attachment style, intolerance of uncertainty, and psychological distress among unaccompanied immigrant minors in times of COVID‐19
Authors: Ceccon Chiara , Moscardino Ughetta 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis cross‐sectional study used a convergent parallel mixed‐method design to investigate friendship attachment style, intolerance of uncertainty, and psychological distress among unaccompanied immigrant minors (UIMs) during the second wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Italy.MethodParticipants were 80 male UIMs (Mage = 17 years, standard deviation = 0.84) hosted in residential care communities. Individual interviews comprising questionnaires and open‐ended questions assessed the constructs of interest. Qualitative data were analyzed through thematic content analysis, whereas descriptive statistics and regression analysis were computed on quantitative data.ResultsSeveral UIMs mentioned positive relationships with peers, but more than half also felt reluctant to trust others and build new friendships due to events experienced before and during migration. However, in quantitative data, 69% identified themselves with the secure friendship attachment style. Regarding intolerance of uncertainty, participants expressed feelings of worry about the pandemic, but also emphasized their resources in terms of confidence, optimism, and planning skills, as well as being accustomed to uncertainty; indeed, levels of this variable were low‐to‐medium. In regression analysis, insecure attachment and higher intolerance of uncertainty were each associated with greater psychological distress. Moreover, psychological distress was lower among securely attached UIMs with low (vs. high) levels of intolerance of uncertainty.ConclusionThe findings suggest that, even in conditions of societal insecurity, UIMs display resilience and employ effective coping strategies; however, a lack of trust in peer relationships and the inability to tolerate uncertainty may undermine their psychological adjustment. Implications for developmental theory and practice are discussed.
Size correction and deep image optimization in optical coherence tomography angiography with structural image‐assisted common parts extraction method
Authors: Zhang Wenxin , Zhou Hong , Tao Yuxiu , Zhu Fu , He Bin , Liu Ning , Chen Junyi , Xue Ping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTail artifact elimination is essential in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for the artifacts will prevent the reconstruction of the 3D vessel image. The tail artifacts of superficial vessels obscure the deep vascular signals and cause the signals at different depths to mix with each other. Most tail artifact elimination methods can shorten the tails but have difficulty in determining the lower boundary of the vessels. In this letter, we introduce a technique to extract vascular signals with more accurate vascular boundaries. With the help of structural image, our method can reconstruct the 3D image of the vascular network more precisely and perform better in deep areas. The images of vessels of palm are used to compare our new technique with previous common parts extraction method experimentally. The results show that our method removes the tail artifacts more thoroughly and has a significant advantage in imaging deep vessels.
Health professions learners’ evaluation of e‐learning scenario‐based case study design: Reinvigorating flipped classroom modalities
Authors: Farokhi Moshtagh R. , English Dana Kiefer , Boone Stephanie L , Amaechi Bennett T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesInteractive scenario‐based learning (SBL) cases were developed using the SoftChalk platform to deliver content about patients’ barriers to accessing healthcare and patient management strategies connecting oral to systemic health. The interactive cases were designed to engage the digital‐savvy learners, meet them where they are by leveling up, and seek their feedback to determine flipped (FC) or modified flipped classroom (MFC) content delivery approaches.MethodsHealth professions students completed interactive SBL cases (Phase‐I) using either FC as assigning content outside of class time preparation or MFC as allocating time at the beginning of the class deliveries, and a 12‐item post‐completion survey. The senior dental student cohort (Phase‐II) completed an anonymous Qualtrics survey that assessed their confidence leading to clinical competence two years after the interactive SBL case deliveries. The final survey (Phase‐III) of first‐year dental students evaluated the improved interactive scenario‐based cases post modifications. [Corrections added on 03 October 2023: After first online publication the first sentence of methods section has been updated.]ResultsNo significant differences existed between the FC and MFC content delivery scores; however, learners preferred the structured time allotted in the MFC approach as a learning style for participants (N=989). The overall means percent score was 93.2% (n = 398) for FC and 96.5% (n = 591) for MFC. Thematic analysis of written responses indicated that learners felt the vignettes were relevant, thought‐provoking, incorporated decision‐making, and provided feedback. Four themes about strengths emerged as engaging, interactive, relevant, and critical. Design and technological challenges emerged as interactive SBL improvements. A follow‐up report (74/103, 2021) revealed that 48% of senior dental students surveyed recollected the SBL cases when they delivered preventive, patient‐centered dental services as juniors and seniors. They also recalled that the interactive cases prepared them for clinical success. The Final comments (2022) did not commend any significant improvements.ConclusionInteractive scenario‐based approaches nurture active learning and critical thinking. The educator can engage learners by incorporating teaching modalities as SBL cases to enhance their knowledge and create educational environments by meeting learners where they are. Learners can be valuable partners as educators define their instructional strategies to be equitable and student‐centered. [Correction added on 04 October 2023: after first online publication, abstract section has been revised.]
Mpox stigma among men who have sex with men in the Netherlands: Underlying beliefs and comparisons across other commonly stigmatized infections
Authors: Zimmermann Hanne M. L. , Gültzow Thomas , Marcos Tamika A. , Wang Haoyi , Jonas Kai. J. , Stutterheim Sarah E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPeople with or at risk for mpox are likely to be stigmatized because of analogies to other sexually transmitted infections. Stigma is driven by beliefs about the perceived severity of the condition and perceived responsibility for acquiring the condition, both in broader society and individual responsibility. We explored these beliefs and compared them across mpox, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, gonorrhoea, and chlamydia in an online survey, conducted in July 2022, with 394 men‐who‐have‐sex‐with‐men in the Netherlands. We compared mean scores between infections using repeated measures analysis of variance and conducted hierarchical regression analyses to identify determinants of both mpox perceived responsibility endpoints. Results showed that participants expected that mpox would be seen as a “gay disease” and will be used to blame gay men. Compared to other infections, mpox was considered less severe than HIV, but more severe than syphilis, gonorrhoea, and chlamydia. Perceived responsibility was comparable across infections, but, for each infection, participants perceived attributed responsibility to be higher in society than individual responsibility. Both perceived responsibility endpoints were highly correlated with each other and with other stigma beliefs. These results provide insight on the underlying determinants of mpox stigma and demonstrate that anticipated mpox stigma is present in the Netherlands.
Comparative study on the use of seasoned or unseasoned casks made of wood from different origins for the ageing of Sherry vinegar
Authors: González‐García Juan Alberto , Cereceda Marta , Durán‐Guerrero Enrique , Rodríguez‐Dodero M Carmen , Castro Remedios 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the present study, the ageing process of Sherry vinegar in used (seasoned) or new casks made of chestnut, American oak, Spanish oak or French oak wood has been investigated, considering that no research has investigated whether this seasoning has a definite influence on the final composition of the aged beverage. The polyphenolic and volatile contents of the aged vinegars were determined and their sensory properties were evaluated. Different statistical tools were applied to the data collected.RESULTSWith respect to polyphenolic contents, ageing time was the most influential factor, followed by the seasoned‐cask factor. The type of wood was only significant for gallic acid, p‐hydroxybenzoic acid, methylfurfural, ethyl gallate, ferulic acid, coniferyl aldehyde and sinapaldehyde. Principal component analysis according to polyphenols did not allow the samples to be differentiated, whereas cluster analysis revealed a slight grouping trend according to ageing time and seasoning of the wood. In relation to volatile compounds, variance analysis revealed that, again, ageing time and cask‐seasoning were the most significant factors, with the samples clustering according to these two parameters. Following the sensory study, a clear difference between seasoned and new cask vinegars could be established as a result of the high scores in olfactory quality obtained for those vinegars aged in new casks. This was probably because of an excess of the descriptor ‘ethyl acetate’ exhibited by seasoned‐cask Sherry vinegars.CONCLUSIONThe previous seasoning of the casks together with the ageing time conditioned the composition of the vinegars aged in casks of different botanical origin, which translated into differences at a sensory level. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
The current role of radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of intrahepatic recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Fu Rong , Ling Wenwu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe incidence of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after initial curative treatments is relatively high. However, there is still the lack of standard management of recurrent HCC. Among several treatment modalities for primary HCC, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) seems to be more widely used for intrahepatic recurrent lesions. Therefore, we provide a comprehensive review of the current and novel application of RFA for recurrent HCC in all stages after curative treatment of primary HCC.
Comparison of advanced methodologies for diatom identification within dynamic coastal communities
Authors: Pierce Emily , Torano Olivia , Lin YuanYu , Schnetzer Astrid , Marchetti Adrian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDiatom community composition has a critical influence on global ocean health and ecological processes. Developing accurate and efficient methods for diatom identification under dynamic environmental conditions is essential to understanding the implications of diatom community changes. Two developing methods for identifying and enumerating phytoplankton, cell imaging and molecular sequencing, are experiencing rapid advancements. This study aims to compare diatom taxonomic composition results within natural assemblages derived from rapidly advancing methods, FlowCam imaging and metabarcoding of the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene, with traditional light microscopy cell counting techniques. All three methods were implemented in tandem to analyze changes in dynamic diatom assemblages within simulated upwelling experiments conducted in the California upwelling zone. The results of this study indicate that, summed across all samples, DNA sequencing detected four times as many genera as morphology‐based methods, thus supporting previous findings that DNA sequencing is the most powerful method for analyzing species richness. Results indicate that all three methods returned comparable relative abundance for the most abundant genera. However, the three methods did not return comparable absolute abundance, primarily due to barriers in deriving quantities in equal units. Overall, this study indicates that at the semi‐quantitative level of relative abundance measurements, FlowCam imaging and metabarcoding of the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene yield comparable results with light microscopy but at the qualitative and quantitative levels, enumeration metrics diverge, and thus method selection and cross‐method comparison should be performed with caution.
The more extroverted the better? Unraveling the complex relationship between service robots' personality and the service robot experience
Authors: Li Changxu (Victor) , Larivière Bart 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study combines the customer experience, service robot, and communication literatures to explore how a service robot's personality affects the overall service robot experience. It considers individual (here, the customers' extroverted vs. introverted personality) and situational (here, hedonic vs. utilitarian service settings) contextual factors, and three specific service robot experiences (here, warmth, competence, and discomfort). A pretest (n = 81) shows that a robot's personality (here, extroversion vs. introversion) can be shaped using verbal and nonverbal cues in the service robot design. Applying Complexity and Configuration Theories and using the novel fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis and necessary condition analysis (NCA) techniques, the main study (n = 279) reveals the complex impact of the service robot personality on the overall service robot experience. Unlike conventional methods (e.g., SEM and regression) yielding averaged results, our findings show that various configurations with both introverted and extroverted robot personalities can equally lead to positive service robot experiences, based on the individual and situational context in which customers are embedded and the extent to which warmth, competence and discomfort are perceived. Hence, the more extroverted is not always better. Finally, the NCA findings reveal the minimum competence level that is required to obtain a certain level for the overall service robot experience. By understanding the intricate link between robot personality and its context, this research helps companies in strategically enhancing the service robot experience.
Perioperative Use of Intravenous Levodopa as an Anti‐Parkinsonian Drug: A Propensity Score Analysis
Authors: Kodama Satoshi , Jo Taisuke , Yasunaga Hideo , Ohbe Hiroyuki , Michihata Nobuaki , Matsui Hiroki , Okada Akira , Shirota Yuichiro , Fushimi Kiyohide , Toda Tatsushi , Hamada Masashi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundPerioperative discontinuation of oral anti‐parkinsonian medication can negatively impact the prognosis of abdominal surgery in patients with Parkinson's disease. Although intravenous levodopa may be an alternative, its efficacy has not yet been investigated.ObjectivesTo determine the efficacy of intravenous levodopa as an alternative to oral anti‐Parkinsonian drugs during gastric or colorectal cancer surgery.MethodsWe identified patients with Parkinson's disease who underwent surgery for gastric or colorectal cancer between April 2010 and March 2020, using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, a nationwide inpatient database in Japan. Patients were divided into two groups: those who received intravenous levodopa during the perioperative period and those who did not. We compared in‐hospital mortalities, major complications, and postoperative length of stay between the groups after adjusting for background characteristics with overlap weights based on propensity scores.ResultsWe identified 648 patients who received intravenous levodopa and 1207 who did not receive levodopa during the perioperative period. In the adjusted cohort, the mean postoperative length of stay was 24.7 and 29.0 days (percent difference, −7.7%; 95% confidence interval, −13.1 to −1.5); in‐hospital death was 3.2% and 3.3% (adjusted odds ratio, 0.95; 95% CI: 0.54–1.67); and incidence of major complications were 21.4% and 19.3% (adjusted odds ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.70–1.13) in those with and without intravenous levodopa, respectively.ConclusionsIntravenous levodopa was associated with a shorter postoperative length of stay, but not with mortality or morbidity. Intravenous levodopa may improve perioperative care in patients with Parkinson's disease.