bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of gender on the association between cumulative cardiovascular risk factors and depression: results from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Li Sen , Jia Zhaoqi , Zhang Zhang , Li Yuxin , Ding Yining , Qin Zongshi , Guo Shuzhen 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThe comorbidity of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and depression has been well established, as depression usually presents simultaneously with CVD risk factors. However, the potential association between cumulative exposure to CVD risk and depression remains unclear, so we conducted the current investigation. To our knowledge, this is the first study that employs the cumulative risk model to examine the effect of CVD risk factors on depression using nationally representative population and gender, age and CVD status-stratified subpopulations.AimsTo systematically study the possible individual and cumulative effect of 18 CVD risk factors on depression.MethodsA cross-sectional, secondary analysis investigated associations between 18 CVD risk factors and depression. The interaction effect between CVD risk factors and age, gender and CVD status was also examined. Enrolment included 20 816 participants from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2016. Participants with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores over 15 or who were using an antidepressant were considered depressive; 18 known cardiovascular risk factors were incorporated in the present study.ResultsAt the individual risk factor level, smoking, drinking, living alone, sleep quality, body mass index, waist circumference and diabetes status had differential associations with depression risk according to the gender, age or CVD status of the participants. Most importantly, gender-stratified cumulative risk analysis indicated that similar depression risk was found in both genders with a small number of CVD risk factors (odds ratio (OR)adjusted=1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87 to 1.99), but females had a significantly higher depression risk compared with males under high cumulative risk exposure (ORadjusted=2.86; 95% CI: 1.79 to 4.59).ConclusionsClarifying the association of numerous CVD risk factors with depression according to gender, age and overall CVD status may be beneficial for risk stratification and the prevention of depression in clinical practice. Moreover, the observed novel evidence of high cumulative risk exposure-mediated gender disparities in depression risk may shed light on the underlying mechanism of females’ greater vulnerability to depression.
Solvability of the two-dimensional stationary incompressible inhomogeneous Navier–Stokes equations with variable viscosity coefficient
Authors: He Zihui , Liao Xian 
Published: August 2023

We show the existence and the regularity properties of (a class of) weak solutions to the two-dimensional stationary incompressible inhomogeneous Navier–Stokes equations with density-dependent viscosity coefficients, by analyzing a fourth-order nonlinear elliptic equation for the stream function. For some stationary symmetric flows, we reformulate the Navier–Stokes equations as ordinary differential equations and give explicit examples of weak solutions. We present some further (ir-)regularity results in the case of piecewise-constant viscosity coefficients.
Single-cell Profiling Uncovers a Muc4-Expressing Metaplastic Gastric Cell Type Sustained by Helicobacter pylori-driven Inflammation
Authors: O'Brien Valerie P. , Kang Yuqi , Shenoy Meera K. , Finak Greg , Young William C. , Dubrulle Julien , Koch Lisa , Rodriguez Martinez Armando E. , Williams Jeffery , Donato Elizabeth , Batra Surinder K. , Yeung Cecilia C.S. , Grady William M. , Koch Meghan A. , Gottardo Raphael , Salama Nina R. 
Published: August 2023

Mechanisms for Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-driven stomach cancer are not fully understood. In a transgenic mouse model of gastric preneoplasia, concomitant Hp infection and induction of constitutively active KRAS (Hp+KRAS+) alters metaplasia phenotypes and elicits greater inflammation than either perturbation alone. Gastric single-cell RNA sequencing showed that Hp+KRAS+ mice had a large population of metaplastic pit cells that expressed the intestinal mucin Muc4 and the growth factor amphiregulin. Flow cytometry and IHC-based immune profiling revealed that metaplastic pit cells were associated with macrophage and T-cell inflammation. Accordingly, expansion of metaplastic pit cells was prevented by gastric immunosuppression and reversed by antibiotic eradication of Hp. Finally, MUC4 expression was significantly associated with proliferation in human gastric cancer samples. These studies identify an Hp-associated metaplastic pit cell lineage, also found in human gastric cancer tissues, whose expansion is driven by Hp-dependent inflammation.

Significance:
Using a mouse model, we have delineated metaplastic pit cells as a precancerous cell type whose expansion requires Hp-driven inflammation. In humans, metaplastic pit cells show enhanced proliferation as well as enrichment in precancer and early cancer tissues, highlighting an early step in the gastric metaplasia to cancer cascade.
Description of Devibursaphelencus lordeganensis sp. n. (Ektaphelenchinae) from Iran
Authors: Aliramaji Farzad , Taheri Abdolhossein , Shokoohi Ebrahim 
Published: August 2023

Summary
A population of the genus Devibursaphelenchus was collected from the inner part of the decaying Persian oak tree (Quercus brantii) from Lordegan city of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province, Iran. The morphological and molecular characters confirmed the new species, namely D. lordeganensis sp. n. The new species is characterised by female body length (768-1026 μm), lip region separated from the rest of the body by a slight constriction, obscure lines on lateral fields, stylet length long, slender, wide-lumened, tripartite, composed of a conus with an aperture about half its length, a conophore about equal with the conus, and a shaft, taller than (conus + conophore) length, lacking basal knobs or swelling, excretory pore ca three metacorpal lengths posterior to the base of the metacorpus, post-uterine sac (PUS) (36-67 μm long; 1.3-3.7 times longer than vulval body diam.), absence or vestigial of rectum and anus, posterior end of the body conical with a rounded tip (in some specimens with a spherical protruded projection at tail tip), males 668 to 815 μm long, presence of two pairs of caudal papillae (P2 and P3), spicule length (15-17 μm) with long and wide bladed condylus, triangular rostrum with a blunt tip and small bursa flap ending at the tail tip. The molecular phylogeny based on 28S rDNA revealed that the new species stands close to D. alienae (LC629160) and D. lini (FJ768944, AM396570). The measurements, line illustrations, light microscopy photographs and phylogenetic analysis are given for the new species. In addition, a key to the species of Devibursaphelenchus is given.
Commissioning Economic Equality? Lessons from Scotland
Authors: Dixon Rosalind , Lavery Joseph 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Scottish Poverty and Inequality Commission (hereafter ‘the Commission’) is a relatively new fourth branch institution with responsibility for addressing both poverty and inequality in Scotland. Nonetheless, it has made important, if modest and incremental, inroads in achieving these objectives, by encouraging the collection and use by government of relevant data in policy-formation; and the expansion and acceleration in the roll-out of important substantive policies focused on alleviating child poverty. The question this raises is what underpins this institutional success. The article draws attention to three key factors: the Commission’s distinctive combination of independence and a collaborative approach to policymaking, supported by a ‘triangular’ relationship between the government, Commission and civil society; its expertise and perceived legitimacy; and the unique policy context presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. These factors, it suggests, also offer useful lessons for constitutional and institutional designers elsewhere — about both the promise and contingency and four branch solutions to problems of economic exclusion and disadvantage.
CCL20 is a potential therapeutic target associated with immune infiltration in breast cancer
Authors: Zhai Hongyan , Zhang Na , Mo Dan , Qin Tingting 
Published: August 2023

Objectives CCL20 is a chemotactic factor that is involved in immune cell recruitment and cancer progression. However, the role of CCL20 in the prognosis of breast cancer remains unclear. This study analyzed correlations between CCL20 expression and immune infiltration, clinicopathological parameters, and prognosis in breast cancer patients. Methods Correlations between CCL20 expression and clinicopathological parameters, prognosis, and immune infiltration in breast cancer were determined using the TIMER, UALCAN, and PrognoScan databases. Furthermore, gene–gene and protein–protein interactions were determined using GeneMANIA and STING network construction, respectively. Results CCL20 expression was significantly upregulated in breast cancer and had significant associations with clinicopathological features, including race, sex, age, menopause status, cancer stage, cancer subclass, and nodal metastasis; moreover, patients with higher CCL20 expression exhibited poor prognosis. Meanwhile, CCL20 expression was significantly correlated with the infiltration of immune cells in breast cancer, including monocytes, neutrophils, tumor-associated macrophages, Th1 cells, regulatory T cells, and exhausted T cells. Moreover, the network of CCL20 expression showed the majority genes and proteins were associated with immune reactions. Conclusions CCL20 is a prognosis-related biomarker in breast cancer on the basis of its correlation with immune infiltration levels and has potential to also be a therapeutic target.
Investigating the influence of sugarcane bagasse ash volume variation in glass fiber reinforced with epoxy resin matrix composite material
Authors: Wondmagegnehu Belay Taye 
Published: August 2023

Composites were manufactured from glass fiber, bagasse fly ash, and epoxy matrix and examined their mechanical and physical properties. The percentages of bagasse fine ash, glass fiber, and matrix were designed at 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% with 30% glass fiber and conducted density, flexural strength, hardness, absorption of water, and swelling properties of thickness. Composites were prepared by manual layering. ASTM standards were followed in preparing the samples. According to the results, the bagasse fine ash percentage variation was significant in the composite but had no linear effects on its hardness and flexural strength. A 20% bagasse fine ash composite had the highest flexural strength and hardness at 27.65 MPa and 52.86 HRA, respectively, which are significantly (>0.002) higher than composites of 30% bagasse fine ash, along with the highest density. This study measured water absorption and swelling of composite samples immersed in distilled water for 192 h. As the bagasse ash content increases, these values were linearly increased until saturation occurs.
Secondary Prophylaxis Among First Nations People With Acute Rheumatic Fever in Australia: An Integrative Review
Authors: Govender Kerissa , Müller Amanda 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The prevalence of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) among Australia’s First Nations populations are some of the highest in the world, accounting for 95% of the 2,244 ARF notifications between 2015 and 2019 in Australia. A key issue in treating ARF is long-term secondary prophylaxis, yet only one in five patients received treatment in 2019. This review identifies barriers to secondary prophylaxis of ARF in Australia’s First Nations people. Methods: An integrative review was undertaken utilizing PubMed, CINAHL, ProQuest, and Wiley Online. Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools were used, followed by thematic analysis. Results: The key themes uncovered included: issues with database and recall systems, patient/family characteristics, service delivery location and site, pain of injection, education (including language barriers), and patient-clinician relationship. Conclusions: A national RHD register, change in operation model, improved pain management, improved education, and need for consistent personnel is suggested.
Disseminated Aspergillosis in a Patient With Neurosarcoidosis: Persistent Contrast Enhancement in CNS Despite Prolonged Antifungal Treatment: A Case Report
Authors: Arcot Jayagopal Lakshman , Shirani Afsaneh , Cawcutt Kelly , Chen Jie , Yuil-Valdes Ana , Zabad Rana 
Published: August 2023

A 56-year-old Caucasian man was diagnosed with definite neurosarcoidosis after he presented with progressive bilateral lower extremity weakness and dysesthesia. He was started on a combination immunosuppressant regimen of dexamethasone, methotrexate and infliximab. Two months into treatment with immunosuppressants, he developed devastating disseminated aspergillosis which clinically stabilized with aggressive antifungal treatment however had a protracted radiological course despite prolonged anti-fungal treatment for over two years. Interestingly, he remained in remission from neurosarcoidosis off immunosuppression during the same period. This case emphasizes need for vigilance for fungal infections in patients treated with combination immunosuppressive therapy particularly TNF-α inhibitors such as infliximab.
Autistic adults’ inclination to lie in everyday situations
Authors: Bagnall Ralph , Russell Ailsa , Brosnan Mark , Maras Katie 
Published: August 2023

Autistic children and adolescents often have greater difficulty engaging in deception than their non-autistic peers. However, deception in autistic adulthood has received little attention to date. This study examined whether autistic and non-autistic adults differed in their inclination to lie in everyday situations and the factors that underpin this. Forty-one autistic and 41 non-autistic participants completed self-report measures relating to their inclination to lie, ability to lie and moral attitudes about the acceptability of lying. Participants also undertook a reaction-time test of lie-telling, as well as theory of mind and working memory measures. Autistic and non-autistic adults did not significantly differ in their inclination to lie in everyday situations. The degree to which lying was viewed as morally acceptable positively predicted both groups’ inclination to lie. The remaining factors underpinning the inclination to lie differed between groups. Lower self-rated lying ability and slower lie speed predicted a reduced inclination to lie in autistic participants, whereas higher theory of mind and working memory capacity predicted a reduced inclination to lie in the non-autistic group. Implications for our understanding of deception in autistic and non-autistic adults are discussed. Lay abstract Differences in social communication and understanding others’ mental states may mean that autistic adults are less likely to deceive others than non-autistic individuals. We investigated whether autistic and non-autistic adults differ in their inclination to lie and which psychological factors are involved in the inclination to lie. We found that autistic and non-autistic groups reported a similar inclination to lie, and the extent to which participants viewed lying as acceptable helped to explain their inclination to deceive others. However, the other underlying psychological factors associated with deception inclination differed between autistic and non-autistic groups. Autistic adults’ belief about their ability to lie and also how quickly they could lie helped to explain whether they were more or less inclined to lie. For non-autistic adults, their memory and ability to understand others’ mental states helped to explain their lie inclination. We discuss these findings and recommend areas for future research.
Evaluating the effect of child home safety training upon three family support practitioner groups: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Taylor MJ , Patel T , Orton E , Watson MC , Hayes M , Clarke R , Stewart S , Timblin C , Kendrick D 
Published: August 2023

Aims: Unintentional injuries in the home contribute substantially to preschool child morbidity and mortality. Practitioners such as health visitors, family mentors and children’s centre staff are well-positioned to facilitate child injury prevention by providing home safety advice to families, and training may enhance their ability to do so. We aimed to assess the impact of child home safety training for these practitioners. Methods: An explanatory mixed-methods design was used. Practitioners completed questionnaires before, and up to 7 months after, receiving child home safety training and took part in interviews. Seventy-eight health visitors, 72 family mentors and 11 children’s centre staff members completed questionnaires. Items were used to calculate scores on home safety knowledge, confidence to provide home safety advice and belief that child home safety promotion is important. Thematic analysis of interviews with seven health visitors and nine family mentors, open-ended responses to the questionnaires and an additional evaluation form was conducted to explore attendees’ perceptions of the training and its impact. In addition, seven health visitors and six children’s centre staff who had received no training were interviewed. Results: Knowledge was greater post-training than pre-training across all participants ( p < .001). When practitioner groups were analysed separately, there were significant increases in family mentors’ knowledge ( p < .001) and belief ( p = .016), and health visitors’ confidence ( p = .0036). Qualitative findings indicated that most training session attendees valued the training, believed their practice relating to child home safety had improved as a result, and felt further similar training sessions would be beneficial. Those who had not attended the sessions described a need for more child home safety training. Conclusions: Delivering training to practitioners providing child home safety promotion to families with preschool children can enhance injury prevention knowledge, beliefs and confidence and positively impact on home safety promotion by practitioners.
Regulatory mechanisms to create healthier environments: planning appeals and hot food takeaways in England
Authors: O’Malley CL , Lake AA , Moore HJ , Gray N , Bradford C , Petrokofsky C , Papadaki A , Spence S , Lloyd S , Chang M , Townshend TG 
Published: August 2023

Aims: To explore existing regulatory mechanisms to restrict hot food takeaway (HFT) outlets through further understanding processes at local and national levels. Methods: The Planning Appeals Portal was utilised to identify recent HFT appeal cases across England between December 2016 and March 2020. Eight case study sites were identified using a purposive sampling technique and interviews carried out with 12 professionals involved in planning and health to explore perceptions of and including factors that may impact on the HFT appeal process. Additionally, documents applicable to each case were analysed and a survey completed by seven Local Authority (LA) health professionals. To confirm findings, interpretation meetings were conducted with participants and a wider group of planning and public health professionals, including a representative from the Planning Inspectorate. Results: Eight case study sites were identified, and 12 interviews conducted. Participants perceived that LAs would be better able to work on HFT appeal cases if professionals had a good understanding of the planning process/the application of local planning policy and supplementary planning documents; adequate time and capacity to deal with appeals cases; access to accurate, robust, and up to date information; support and commitment from elected members and senior management; good lines of communication with local groups/communities interested in the appeal; information and resources that are accessible and easy to interpret across professional groups. Conclusions: Communication across professional groups appeared to be a key factor in successfully defending decisions. Understanding the impact of takeaway outlets on health and communities in the long term was also important. To create a more robust appeals case and facilitate responsiveness, professionals involved in an appeal should know where to locate current records and statistical data. The enthusiasm of staff and support from senior management/elected officials will play a significant role in driving these agendas forward.
Mealtime Insulin BOLUS Score More Strongly Predicts HbA1c Than the Self-Care Inventory in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Christie Jordan , Clements Mark A. , Williams David D. , Cernich Joseph , Patton Susana R. 
Published: August 2023

Background: To meet their glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) goals, youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) need to engage with their daily T1D treatment. The mealtime insulin Bolus score (BOLUS) is an objective measure of youth’s T1D engagement which we have previously shown to be superior to other objective engagement measures in predicting youth’s HbA1c. Here, to further assess the BOLUS score’s validity, we compared the strengths of the associations between youth’s HbA1c with their mean insulin BOLUS score and a valid, self-report measure of T1D engagement, the Self-Care Inventory (SCI). Methods: One-hundred and five youth with T1D self-reported their T1D engagement using the SCI. We also collected two weeks of insulin pump data and a concurrent HbA1c level. We scored youth’s SCI and calculated their mean insulin BOLUS score using standardized methods. For the analyses, we performed simple correlations, partial correlations, and multiple regression models. Results: Youth had a mean age of 15.03 ± 1.97 years, mean time since diagnosis of 8.11 ± 3.26 years, and a mean HbA1c of 8.78 ± 1.49%. The sample included n = 58 boys (55%) and n = 96 families (91%) self-identified as white. Simple correlations between youth’s age, HbA1c, SCI total score, and BOLUS score were all significant. Partial correlation and regression models revealed that youth’s insulin BOLUS score was more strongly associated with HbA1c than the SCI. Conclusions: Youths’ BOLUS score has better concurrent validity with HbA1c than the SCI. We should consider reporting the BOLUS score as an outcome metric in insulin pump data reports.