bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Views of democracy and society and support for political violence in the USA: findings from a nationally representative survey
Authors: Wintemute Garen J. , Robinson Sonia L. , Crawford Andrew , Tancredi Daniel , Schleimer Julia P. , Tomsich Elizabeth A. , Reeping Paul M. , Shev Aaron B. , Pear Veronica A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Current conditions in the USA suggest an increasing risk for political violence. Little is known about the prevalence of beliefs that might lead to political violence, about support for and personal willingness to engage in political violence, and about how those measures vary with individual characteristics, lethality of violence, political objectives that violence might advance, or specific populations as targets.

Methods
This cross-sectional US nationally representative survey was conducted on May 13 to June 2, 2022, of adult members of the Ipsos KnowledgePanel. Outcomes are weighted, population-representative proportions of respondents endorsing selected beliefs about American democracy and society and violence to advance political objectives.

Results
The analytic sample included 8620 respondents; 50.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 49.3%, 51.7%) were female; and weighted mean (± standard deviation) age was 48.4 (± 18.0) years. Nearly 1 in 5 (18.9%, 95% CI 18.0%, 19.9%) agreed strongly or very strongly that “having a strong leader for America is more important than having a democracy”; 16.2% (95% CI 15.3%, 17.1%) agreed strongly or very strongly that “in America, native-born white people are being replaced by immigrants,” and 13.7% (95% CI 12.9%, 14.6%) agreed strongly or very strongly that “in the next few years, there will be civil war in the United States.” One-third of respondents (32.8%, 95% CI 31.7%, 33.9%) considered violence to be usually or always justified to advance at least 1 of 17 specific political objectives. Among all respondents, 7.7% (95% CI 7.0%, 8.4%) thought it very or extremely likely that within the next few years, in a situation where they believe political violence is justified, “I will be armed with a gun”; 1.1% (95% CI 0.9%, 1.4%) thought it very or extremely likely that “I will shoot someone with a gun.” Support for political violence and for the use of firearms in such violence frequently declined with increasing age, education, and income.

Conclusions
Small but concerning proportions of the population consider violence, including lethal violence, to be usually or always justified to advance political objectives. Prevention efforts should proceed urgently based on the best evidence available.
The Sasaki-W anastomosis for recurrent Crohn’s disease stenosis after the Kono-S anastomosis
Authors: Asai Takahiro , Shinozaki Hiroharu , Shinozaki Satoshi , Makino Akitsugu , Nakagawa Masashi , Kobayashi Kenji , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Yukisawa Seigo , Ogata Yoshiro 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Postoperative recurrence is frequently encountered in the management of patients with Crohn’s disease and is most often found at the anastomotic site. A novel technique, the Sasaki-W anastomosis, is an antimesenteric cutback end-to-end isoperistaltic anastomosis. We report a patient with Crohn’s disease who underwent partial intestinal resection for postoperative anastomotic stenosis, reconstructed with the Sasaki-W anastomosis, after initial intestinal resection reconstructed with a Kono-S anastomosis.

Case presentation
A 30-year-old male was diagnosed with Crohn’s disease and treated with mesalamine and adalimumab, and he underwent ileocecal resection using the Kono-S anastomosis at the time of diagnosis. He was treated with infliximab without any symptoms or recurrence for 7 years. He was admitted presenting with upper abdominal pain. Physical examination showed mild tenderness and distension in the upper abdomen. Laboratory data showed no remarkable findings. Computed tomography scan showed wall thickening in the ileum with proximal dilation and fluid retention. Non-operative management with antibiotics and fasting did not improve the symptoms within 7 days. Ten days after admission, ileocecal resection reconstructed with the Sasaki-W anastomosis was performed. At operation, there was a 15-cm intestinal stenosis at the site of the previous Kono-S anastomosis. The transverse colon and ileum were reconstructed with the Sasaki-W anastomosis. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged 17 days postoperatively. The patient had no obstructive symptoms and no findings consistent with bowel obstruction were observed on computed tomography scan one year postoperatively.

Conclusions
The Sasaki-W anastomosis is a viable option for intestinal reconstruction in patients with postoperative recurrence after a Kono-S anastomosis.
Burden of mental disorders by gender in Pakistan: analysis of Global Burden of Disease Study data for 1990–2019
Authors: Alvi Mohsin Hassan , Ashraf Tehmina , Naz Farah , Sardar Asif , Ullah Akbar , Patel Anita , Kiran Tayyeba , Gumber Anil , Husain Nusrat 
Published: September 2023

Aims and methodWe aimed to examine the burden of mental disorders in Pakistan over the past three decades. We used the crude data of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study database (1990–2019) to represent burden. Data were retrieved on 26 January 2021. Data for adults of reproductive age (aged 15–49 years) were analysed to discuss and interpret the disease burden. An analysis was conducted on total DALYs separately for the genders for ten mental disorders reported in Pakistan.ResultsDALYs increased drastically with the onset of reproductive age. Depressive disorder was the most reported mental disorder, contributing 3.13% (95% CI 2.25–4.24) of total DALYs, and varied significantly between genders: females 3.89% (95% CI 2.73–5.29) versus males 2.37% (95% CI 1.62–3.25).Clinical implicationsA nationwide high-quality epidemiological surveillance system should be implemented to monitor mental disorders and offer culturally appropriate preventive services.
Time-resolved proximity biotinylation implicates a porin protein in export of transmembrane malaria parasite effectors
Authors: Anaguano David , Dedkhad Watcharatip , Brooks Carrie F. , Cobb David W. , Muralidharan Vasant 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The malaria-causing parasite, Plasmodium falciparum completely remodels its host red blood cell (RBC) through the export of several hundred parasite proteins, including transmembrane proteins, across multiple membranes to the RBC. However, the process by which these exported membrane proteins are extracted from the parasite plasma membrane for export remains unknown. To address this question, we fused the exported membrane protein, skeleton binding protein 1 (SBP1), with TurboID, a rapid, efficient and promiscuous biotin ligase (SBP1TbID). Using time-resolved proximity biotinylation and label-free quantitative proteomics, we identified two groups of SBP1TbID interactors – early interactors (pre-export) and late interactors (post-export). Notably, two promising membrane-associated proteins were identified as pre-export interactors, one of which possesses a predicted translocon domain, that could facilitate the export of membrane proteins. Further investigation using conditional mutants of these candidate proteins showed that these proteins were essential for asexual growth and localize to the host–parasite interface during early stages of the intraerythrocytic cycle. These data suggest that they might play a role in ushering membrane proteins from the parasite plasma membrane for export to the host RBC.
Centrosome amplification promotes cell invasion via cell–cell contact disruption and Rap-1 activation
Authors: Prakash Anu , Paunikar Shishir , Webber Mark , McDermott Emma , Vellanki Sri H. , Thompson Kerry , Dockery Peter , Jahns Hanne , Brown James A. L. , Hopkins Ann M. , Bourke Emer 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Centrosome amplification (CA) is a prominent feature of human cancers linked to tumorigenesis in vivo. Here, we report mechanistic contributions of CA induction alone to tumour architecture and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling. CA induction in non-tumorigenic breast cells MCF10A causes cell migration and invasion, with underlying disruption of epithelial cell–cell junction integrity and dysregulation of expression and subcellular localisation of cell junction proteins. CA also elevates expression of integrin β-3, its binding partner fibronectin-1 and matrix metalloproteinase enzymes, promoting cell–ECM attachment, ECM degradation, and a migratory and invasive cell phenotype. Using a chicken embryo xenograft model for in vivo validation, we show that CA-induced (+CA) MCF10A cells invade into the chick mesodermal layer, with inflammatory cell infiltration and marked focal reactions between chorioallantoic membrane and cell graft. We also demonstrate a key role of small GTPase Rap-1 signalling through inhibition using GGTI-298, which blocked various CA-induced effects. These insights reveal that in normal cells, CA induction alone (without additional oncogenic alterations) is sufficient to confer early pro-tumorigenic changes within days, acting through Rap-1-dependent signalling to alter cell–cell contacts and ECM disruption.
Eating Disorder Risk and Common Mental Disorders in British Servicewomen: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Authors: O’LEARY THOMAS J. , COOMBS CHARLOTTE V. , PERRETT CAITLIN , GIFFORD ROBERT M. , WARDLE SOPHIE L. , GREEVES JULIE P. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Servicewomen are at increased risk of common mental disorders compared with servicemen and their female civilian counterparts. The prevalence of eating disorder risk and common mental disorders, and associated risk factors in British servicewomen are poorly understood.

Methods
All women younger than 45 yr in the UK Armed Forces were invited to complete a survey about demographics, exercise behaviors, eating behaviors, and common mental disorders.

Results
A total of 3022 women participated; 13% of participants were at high risk of an eating disorder based on Brief Eating Disorder in Athletes Questionnaire and Female Athlete Screening Tool scores. Twenty-five percent of participants had symptoms of anxiety (seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment score ≥10), and 26% had symptoms of depression (nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire score ≥10). Older age was associated with a lower risk, and heavier body mass was associated with a higher risk, of eating disorders (P ≤ 0.043). Older age and higher rank were associated with a lower risk of symptoms of anxiety and depression (P ≤ 0.031), and a heavier body mass was associated with a higher risk of symptoms of depression (P ≤ 0.012). Longer habitual sleep duration was associated with a lower risk of eating disorders and symptoms of anxiety and depression (P ≤ 0.028). A higher volume of field exercise was associated with a lower risk, and a higher volume of military physical training and personal physical training was associated with a higher risk, of eating disorders (P ≤ 0.024). Job role and deployment history were not associated with any outcome.

Conclusions
Sleeping and training habits provide potential novel targets for exploring how common mental disorders can be managed in British servicewomen.
Shared Service Delivery Can Increase Client Engagement: A Study of Shared Medical Appointments
Authors: Buell Ryan W. , Ramdas Kamalini , Sönmez Nazlı , Srinivasan Kavitha , Venkatesh Rengaraj 
Published: September 2023

Problem definition: Clients and service providers alike often consider one-on-one service delivery to be ideal, assuming, perhaps unquestioningly, that devoting individualized attention best improves client outcomes. In contrast, in shared service delivery, clients are served in batches and the dynamics of group interaction could lead to increased client engagement, which could improve outcomes. However, the loss of privacy and personal connection might undermine engagement. The engagement dynamics in one-on-one and shared delivery models have not been rigorously studied. To the extent that shared delivery may result in comparable or better engagement than one-on-one delivery, service providers in a broad array of contexts may be able to create more value for clients by delivering service in batches. Methodology/results: We conducted a randomized controlled trial with 1,000 patients who were undergoing glaucoma treatment over a three-year period at a large eye hospital. Using verbatim and behavioral transcripts from more than 20,000 minutes of video recorded during our trial, we examine how shared medical appointments (SMAs), in which patients are served in batches, impact engagement. On average, a patient who experienced SMAs asked 33.3% more questions per minute and made 8.6% more nonquestion comments per minute. Because there were multiple patients in an SMA, this increase in engagement at the individual patient level resulted in patients hearing far more comments in the group setting. Patients in SMAs also exhibited higher levels of nonverbal engagement across a wide array of measures (attentiveness, positivity, head wobbling, or “thalai aattam” in Tamil: a South Indian gesture to signal agreement or understanding, eye contact, and end-of-appointment happiness), relative to patients who attended one-on-one appointments. Managerial implications: These results shed light on the potential for shared service delivery models to increase client engagement and thus enhance service performance. Funding: This work was supported by the Wheeler Institute at London Business School (WIBAD Ramdas_Sonmez CFP19), the Institute of Entrepreneurship and Private Capital at London Business School (IIE_3432_2019), Aravind Eye Hospital, and Harvard Business School. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.0012 .
Comparative Study of Chemically and Green Synthesized Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles using Leucas aspera Leaf Extract
Authors: B. Blessymol  , V. Kalaiselvi  , P. Yasotha  , S. Gopi  
Published: September 2023

In this research work, the chemical synthesis and green synthesis of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles using Leucas aspera leaf extract were successfully carried out with titanium isopropoxide as the precursor. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are widely used in various fields such as biomedical applications (antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, etc.). For the Titanium dioxide nanoparticles thus synthesized using a low-cost and eco-friendly approach, the morphology, crystalline size, functional group and bandgap were confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV Spectroscopy techniques and antibacterial applications were carried out by Disc diffusion method.
Using life cycle assessments to guide reduction in the carbon footprint of single-use lab consumables
Authors: Ragazzi Isabella , Farley Martin , Jeffery Kate , Butnar Isabela 
Published: September 2023

Scientific research pushes forward the boundaries of human knowledge, but often at a sizable environmental cost. The reliance of researchers on single-use plastics and disposable consumables has come under increased scrutiny as decarbonisation and environmental sustainability have become a growing priority. However, there has been very little exploration of the contribution of laboratory consumables to ‘greenhouse gas’ (GHG) carbon emissions. Carbon footprint exercises, if capturing consumables at all, typically rely on analyses of inventory spend which broadly aggregate plastic and chemical products, providing inaccurate data and thus limited insight as to how changes to procurement can reduce emissions.This paper documents the first effort to quantify the carbon footprint of common, single-use lab consumables through emission factors derived from life cycle assessments (LCAs). A literature review of LCAs was conducted to develop emission factors for lab consumables, considering the emission hotspots along each product’s life cycle to identify where emission reduction policies can be most effective. Results can be used as inputs for lab practitioners seeking to understand and mitigate their carbon footprint.
Pemberdayaan komunitas purna Pekerja Migran Indonesia melalui organisasi berbasis komunitas Forum Warga Buruh Migran
Authors: Saleh Rahmat , Adnan Ricardi S. , Raharto Aswatini 
Published: September 2023

Nowadays, Community-Based Organisation (CBO) has been admitted as a more successful activity to empower the community than other organisations, such as Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO). This article aims to emphasise how activism of the Forum of Indonesian Migrant Workers or the Forum Warga Buruh Migran (FWBM), as a CBO initiated by Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) at the grassroots level, works to empower ex-Indonesian migrant workers and their families in their areas of origin. This article used the qualitative methodology of the CBO framework and the perspective of community empowerment with a case study in Cilacap Regency, Central Java. Primary data was collected by in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, while secondary data was collected by literature review. The data was processed using content analysis techniques. This research found that the activism of FWBM has been manifested in four holistic community empowerment programmes. Through these programmes, ex Indonesian Migrant Workers and their families can improve their quality of life. They can be more empowered, economically independent, and wealthier. However, the FWBM still has limitations in terms of volunteers and financial resources to support sustainable activities.
The Role of Communication Management Within the Virtual Team in an International Projects-Based Organisation
Authors: Abdul Omolara , Kozlovski Eugene 
Published: September 2023

This paper examines the practice of communication management within the different geographically spread virtual teams in the attainment of project goals in a cost-effective manner. The panel research has been carried out in UK companies working in collaboration with virtual teams from Africa. Data for the research was collected through a face-to-face interview with 6 participants from a different organisation that has an internationally spread workforce; this research concentrates on examining how the practice of communication management can lead to a successful project, this study adds together different approaches to a joint strategy. The aim of this research is to examine the practice of communication management within virtual teams and by looking at how communication is managed within projects. Then, this can help to deduce the best practice of communication that convey success to projects within virtual teams. The finding from the participants confirmed that communication management is vital to achieving timely successful results within a project. However, they identified some communication challenges, but it is clear that a plan for managing communication is missing. Additionally, virtual communication is more effective when there is occasional face-to-face communication.
Study of fracturing fluid re-discharge based on percolation experiments and sampling tests – An example of Fuling shale gas Jiangdong block, China
Authors: Yang Ye , Agbodjan Yawovi Souley , Liang Bo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Shale gas development requires the use of hydraulic fracturing, and the relationship between fracturing fluid drainage and production is not clear. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt the method of core experiment combined with engineering validation to achieve the description of the seepage-absorption-return mechanism of shale and to optimize the selection of fracturing fluids and the testing work system in engineering. In this study, a “seepage experiment → sampling test → engineering validation” working procedure is proposed, and it is found that seepage occurs only on the surface of the fracture where the liquid medium intrudes into the fracture and that the amount of water absorbed is directly proportional to the area of seepage; the rate of return is inversely proportional to the production rate in the same secondary tectonic unit; and the absorption rate per unit area of four types of cores with the same surface area is directly proportional to the yield of the fractured shale in the same medium. Under the premise of the same medium, the water absorption per unit area of the four types of cores varies with the rate of change with time, but the general trend is the same. Under the premise of different secondary tectonic units, when the time of good closure is similar, the correlation between the return rate and the test production is weak.
Funds of knowledge for synchronous online language teaching: a translanguaging view on an ESL teacher’s pedagogical practices
Authors: Tai Kevin W. H. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the integration of synchronous online teaching tools in language teaching. Recent research has explored how second language (L2) teachers utilise available resources to engage students’ learning within the virtual learning space. Nevertheless, there has been a lack of research exploring how L2 teachers bring in different funds of knowledge to connect the teaching of specific aspects of the L2 with some broader social-cultural issues and/or values. Further research is necessary to explore how the teaching of specific sociocultural values and beliefs is achieved through translanguaging, with the aim of enriching students’ L2 learning experiences. This study adopts translanguaging as an analytical perspective and investigates how different funds of knowledge are being incorporated into the online teaching processes in order to mediate the student’s L2 English learning and promote specific sociocultural values and beliefs to the student. Multimodal Conversation Analysis is used to analyse the online classroom data and the analysis is triangulated with the video-stimulated-recall-interview that is analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The findings demonstrate that the online language classroom is a virtual translanguaging space which affords classroom participants to bring with them diverse funds of knowledge for constructing new knowledge in online classrooms, bridging the gap between L2 learning and everyday life experience and promoting certain values and beliefs, as well as facts and practices, in the online classroom.
Ordinary Situations and Artworld Declarations
Authors: Muller Otto 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Socially engaged art presents social situations to be understood, experienced, and evaluated as works of art while they simultaneously retain everyday non-art functionality. This article begins with an account of the definitional and evaluative concerns that socially engaged art engenders, outlining the debates around the relative importance of ethical and aesthetic values that result from this unsettled relationship between art and non-art. Based on this account, I argue that all socially engaged art requires successful performative bids that declare the work to be art and that it is possible to identify the felicity conditions in which these bids are likely to be successful, as well as the perlocutionary effects that occur when a situation is categorized as art. I apply this analytic framework in a discussion and comparison of pieces by Santiago Sierra and Mierle Laderman Ukeles, demonstrating how this framework facilitates assessments that account for the works as art, while interrogating and evaluating the ethics of their categorization as art.