bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between time spent on smartphones and digital eye strain: A 1-year prospective observational study among Hong Kong children and adolescents
Authors: Chu Geoffrey C. H. , Chan Lily Y. L. , Do Chi-wai , Tse Andy C. Y. , Cheung Teris , Szeto Grace P. Y. , So Billy C. L. , Lee Regina L. T. , Lee Paul H. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Prolonged electronic screen use can cause digital eye strain. It can be difficult to rectify due to increasing smartphone reliance, potentially leading to serious public health problems. To investigate the association between time spent on smartphones and digital eye strain (DES) among Hong Kong Chinese school-aged children. Of a total of 1,508 students (748 males, 49.6%) from 8 to 14 years old (mean age = 10.91 years, SD = 2.01) who provided valid data on DES, the 1,298 (86%) who completed the DES questionnaire at 1-year follow-up were included in the analysis. DES was measured using a 10-item scale, and the sum of the 10 dichotomised scores was used as the DES total score. The most commonly reported symptoms were eye fatigue (n = 804, 53.3%), blurred vision (changing from reading to distance viewing) (n = 586, 38.9%), and irritated or burning eyes (n = 516, 34.2%). The DES total scores at baseline and 1-year follow-up were 2.91 (SD = 2.90) and 3.20 (SD = 3.19), respectively. Linear regression controlling for demographic and socio-economic confounders showed that participants with baseline smartphone usage of 241 + min/d had a significantly higher baseline total DES score than those with baseline smartphone usage of 0–60 min/d (2.44 vs 3.21, P < 0.001), and participants with baseline smartphone usage of 181–240 min/d had a significantly higher 1-year follow-up total DES score than those with baseline smartphone usage of 0–60 min/d (2.80 vs 3.50, P = 0.003).
Minimal Morphoelastic Models of Solid Tumour Spheroids: A Tutorial
Authors: Walker Benjamin J. , Celora Giulia L. , Goriely Alain , Moulton Derek E. , Byrne Helen M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTumour spheroids have been the focus of a variety of mathematical models, ranging from Greenspan’s classical study of the 1970 s through to contemporary agent-based models. Of the many factors that regulate spheroid growth, mechanical effects are perhaps some of the least studied, both theoretically and experimentally, though experimental enquiry has established their significance to tumour growth dynamics. In this tutorial, we formulate a hierarchy of mathematical models of increasing complexity to explore the role of mechanics in spheroid growth, all the while seeking to retain desirable simplicity and analytical tractability. Beginning with the theory of morphoelasticity, which combines solid mechanics and growth, we successively refine our assumptions to develop a somewhat minimal model of mechanically regulated spheroid growth that is free from many unphysical and undesirable behaviours. In doing so, we will see how iterating upon simple models can provide rigorous guarantees of emergent behaviour, which are often precluded by existing, more complex modelling approaches. Perhaps surprisingly, we also demonstrate that the final model considered in this tutorial agrees favourably with classical experimental results, highlighting the potential for simple models to provide mechanistic insight whilst also serving as mathematical examples.
Perforated Ulcer of the Gastrojejunal Anastomosis and Concomitant Internal Hernia After One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass
Authors: Liagre Arnaud , Martini Francesco , Petrucciani Niccolo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The management of concomitant complications after OAGB is challenging. We aim to show the surgical management of two concomitant complications after one anastomosis gastric bypass: internal hernia and anastomotic ulcer perforation.

Materials and Methods
We present the case of a 32-year-old woman with BMI of 51 kg/m2, who underwent OAGB. Three years later, she presented with intense and brutal epigastric pain. She was a heavy smoker. Her weight and BMI were 75 kg and 26 kg/m2, respectively. Clinical examination showed generalized peritonitis, computed tomography showed pneumoperitoneum, diffuse peritoneal effusion, and rotation of the superior mesenteric vessels indicative of an internal hernia.

Results
A generalized biliary peritonitis secondary to a perforated ulcer on the gastrojejunal anastomosis and internal hernia of the common loop into a large Petersen orifice were diagnosed. The internal hernia was reduced, and a perforation of the posterior surface of the gastrojejunal anastomosis was identified. Surgical treatment consisted in the placement of a Kehr’s drain into the perforation, closure of the Petersen orifice, and lavage-drainage of the peritoneal cavity. The postoperative course was uneventful, and she was discharged on postoperative day 12. The Kehr’s drain was removed 1 month after discharge.

Conclusion
The combination of two different complications after OAGB can make the pre- and intra-operative judgment difficult and hamper the therapeutic approach. The initial reduction of the internal hernia made it possible to reduce the pressure in the surgical assembly and facilitated the treatment of the anastomotic perforation.
Consensus Paper: Latent Autoimmune Cerebellar Ataxia (LACA)
Authors: Manto Mario , Hadjivassiliou Marios , Baizabal-Carvallo José Fidel , Hampe Christiane S , Honnorat Jerome , Joubert Bastien , Mitoma Hiroshi , Muñiz-Castrillo Sergio , Shaikh Aasef G. , Vogrig Alberto 
Published: March 2023

AbstractImmune-mediated cerebellar ataxias (IMCAs) have diverse etiologies. Patients with IMCAs develop cerebellar symptoms, characterized mainly by gait ataxia, showing an acute or subacute clinical course. We present a novel concept of latent autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (LACA), analogous to latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). LADA is a slowly progressive form of autoimmune diabetes where patients are often initially diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The sole biomarker (serum anti-GAD antibody) is not always present or can fluctuate. However, the disease progresses to pancreatic beta-cell failure and insulin dependency within about 5 years. Due to the unclear autoimmune profile, clinicians often struggle to reach an early diagnosis during the period when insulin production is not severely compromised. LACA is also characterized by a slowly progressive course, lack of obvious autoimmune background, and difficulties in reaching a diagnosis in the absence of clear markers for IMCAs. The authors discuss two aspects of LACA: (1) the not manifestly evident autoimmunity and (2) the prodromal stage of IMCA’s characterized by a period of partial neuronal dysfunction where non-specific symptoms may occur. In order to achieve an early intervention and prevent cell death in the cerebellum, identification of the time-window before irreversible neuronal loss is critical. LACA occurs during this time-window when possible preservation of neural plasticity exists. Efforts should be devoted to the early identification of biological, neurophysiological, neuropsychological, morphological (brain morphometry), and multimodal biomarkers allowing early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention and to avoid irreversible neuronal loss.
A Hybrid Multi-Hazard Susceptibility Assessment Model for a Basin in Elazig Province, Türkiye
Authors: Karakas Gizem , Kocaman Sultan , Gokceoglu Candan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPreparation of accurate and up-to-date susceptibility maps at the regional scale is mandatory for disaster mitigation, site selection, and planning in areas prone to multiple natural hazards. In this study, we proposed a novel multi-hazard susceptibility assessment approach that combines expert-based and supervised machine learning methods for landslide, flood, and earthquake hazard assessments for a basin in Elazig Province, Türkiye. To produce the landslide susceptibility map, an ensemble machine learning algorithm, random forest, was chosen because of its known performance in similar studies. The modified analytical hierarchical process method was used to produce the flood susceptibility map by using factor scores that were defined specifically for the area in the study. The seismic hazard was assessed using ground motion parameters based on Arias intensity values. The univariate maps were synthesized with a Mamdani fuzzy inference system using membership functions designated by expert. The results show that the random forest provided an overall accuracy of 92.3% for landslide susceptibility mapping. Of the study area, 41.24% were found prone to multi-hazards (probability value > 50%), but the southern parts of the study area are more susceptible. The proposed model is suitable for multi-hazard susceptibility assessment at a regional scale although expert intervention may be required for optimizing the algorithms.
A comparison of consistent UV treatment versus inconsistent UV treatment in horticultural production of lettuce
Authors: Weiland Martin , Weßler Caspar Friedrich , Filler Thomas , Glaab Johannes , Lobo Ploch Neysha , Winterwerber Ulrike , Wiesner-Reinhold Melanie , Schreiner Monika , Neugart Susanne 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUV radiation is an underrated radiation currently missing in many horticultural production systems of vegetables in protected cultivation. It can be added e.g., in LED light sources. Using lettuce as a model plant, this study determined whether the use of UVB LEDs is suitable (1) for use in consistent systems (indoor farming) or (2) inconsistent systems (greenhouse). Blue and red LEDs were selected as additional artificial lighting to UVB LEDs. Both approaches led to a reproducible increase of desired flavonol glycosides, such as quercetin-3-O-(6′′-O-malonyl)-glucoside or quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and the anthocyanin cyanidin-3-O-(6′′-O-malonyl)-glucoside in lettuce. The impact of the consistent UVB treatment is higher with up to tenfold changes than that of the inconsistent UVB treatment in the greenhouse. Varying natural light and temperature conditions in greenhouses might affect the efficiency of the artificial UVB treatment. Here, UVB LEDs have been tested and can be recommended for further development of lighting systems in indoor farming and greenhouse approaches.
School-based mandates versus teacher autonomy: three early career teacher viewpoints of leadership impacting the teaching of reading
Authors: Gawne Linda 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper reports on three Victorian early career Foundation to Year Two (F-2) teachers and the impact of leadership on their daily pedagogic decision-making about the teaching of reading. Data sets from each teacher drew on observations of three of their reading lessons and researcher-generated field notes, a semi-structured teacher interview, an online survey of reported teacher practice, teacher planning documents of the observed lessons and classroom artefacts related to reading. Selected from a wider qualitative case study undertaken with 16 F-2 teachers across six government primary sites in metropolitan Melbourne, the teachers in this paper reported on how mandated and non-negotiable principles and practices of reading affected their ability to make daily pedagogic decisions for their students. As a result of leadership directives, the three teachers expressed frustration at the lack of opportunity for teacher voice and autonomy in their craft of teaching. If the teaching profession wishes to continue to renew its numbers and promote the teaching profession as an ongoing career of choice, the focus on the professional development of early career teachers is timely and necessary. Therefore, this paper aims to shine a light on the importance of instructional leadership models which support the development of teacher knowledge, teacher efficacy and teacher satisfaction, ultimately resulting in more targeted outcomes for students and more teachers likely to remain in the profession.
The NAGPRA Nexus, Institutional Integrity, and the Evolving Role of Archaeological Laboratories
Authors: Roberts Thompson Amanda , Thompson Victor D. , Garland Carey J. , Butler RaeLynn A. , deBeaubien Domonique , Panther Miranda , Hunt Turner , Wendt LeeAnne , Fontenot Raynella , Langley Linda , Schenk Kristine L. , Porter Freeman Mary E. , Auerbach Claire , Saunders Chris 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn November 1995, the Laboratory of Archaeology at the University of Georgia submitted inventories and summaries of Indigenous ancestors and funerary objects in its holdings to comply with the passage of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA). However, after this submission, the Laboratory attempts at consultation with federally recognized descendant Tribal communities who have cultural ties in the state of Georgia were not successful, and NAGPRA-related activities essentially stalled at the Laboratory. Beginning in 2019, the Laboratory's staff recognized a lack of formal NAGPRA policies or standards, which led to a complete reevaluation of the Laboratory's approach to NAGPRA. In essence, it was the Laboratory's renewed engagement with NAGPRA and descendan tribal communities that became the catalyst for change in the Laboratory's philosophy as a curation repository. This shift in thinking set the Laboratory on a path toward building a descendant community–informed institutional integrity (DCIII) level of engagement with consultation and collaborative efforts in all aspects of collections management and archaeological research. In this article, we outline steps that the Laboratory has taken toward implementing meaningful policies and practices created with descendant Tribal communities that both fulfill and extend bounds of NAGPRA compliance.
Unveiling India's Supreme Court Collegium: Examining Diversity of Presence and Influence
Authors: Tripathy Rangin Pallav 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSince 1993, judges in Indian higher judiciary are appointed by a collegium of judges in the Supreme Court headed by the Chief Justice. Academic scholarship on judicial diversity in India has failed to address two important issues arising out of this drastic development. Firstly, while the issue of diversity in the Indian higher judiciary has received limited attention over the years, there has been no attempt to examine the composition of the Supreme Court collegium which controls appointments to the higher judiciary. Secondly, while patterns of appointments have been analysed in relation to different Chief Justices and also the collegium vis-a-vis the executive, no attention has been paid to the specific collegiums which are responsible for the selection of judges. This has allowed the members of the collegium to exercise their power away from public scrutiny.This article unveils the group of judges who have exercised influence as members of the collegium and how this influence has been distributed amongst judges in terms of their social and professional background. Findings in this article show that membership of the collegium and influence within the collegium has not had representative diversity.
The Unintended Consequences of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs for Violence: Experimental and Survey Evidence from Mexico and the Americas
Authors: Zizumbo-Colunga Daniel 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTBecause conditional cash transfer programs (CCTs) can address the deep roots of violence, many scholars and policymakers have assumed them to be an effective and innocuous tool to take on the issue. I argue that while CCTs may have positive economic effects, they can also trigger social discord, criminal predation, and political conflict and, in doing so, increase violence. To test this claim, I take advantage of the exogenous shock caused by the randomized expansion of Mexico’s flagship CCT, PROGRESA/Oportunidades. I find that the experimental introduction of the program increased rather than decreased violence. Then, I analyze all the data compiled by LAPOP on the issue over the years. I find that, other things constant, Latin Americans are more exposed to violence and insecurity when they participate in CCTs than when they do not. These findings urge us to reconsider the effects of social programs on violence.
Where the wild things are: the challenges and opportunities of the unregulated legal services landscape in family law
Authors: Smith Leanne , Hitchings Emma 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper connects two trends in contemporary legal scholarship that do not often intersect, namely commentary on the increasingly diverse nature of family law advice and support services, and calls for a refresh of the regulatory environment in which legal services in general are provided. Focusing on the law and landscape in England and Wales, we argue that regulatory challenges are particularly acute in the field of family law, where the range and reach of services provided by non-lawyers is extraordinary. We illustrate how particular aspects of debates over regulating and diversifying legal services apply to the family law context, noting that such concerns as there are have not always been well targeted. Finally, we identify a sub-set of innovative ‘extra-legal’ services that set private family law even further apart from other sub-fields of law when it comes to regulatory and professional challenge. These services clearly sit inside the landscape of family dispute resolution but equally clearly fall outside the boundaries of what is usually considered ‘legal’. This, we suggest, highlights the need for a concerted effort to define the contours of family law and family legal services so that a holistic approach might be taken to understanding and managing the standards and effectiveness of different service and support types.
Travels and representations at the core of Western agricultural science: discovering rural societies in Spain, Italy and Lebanon in the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth centuries
Authors: Fagnani Martino Lorenzo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth centuries, Europe developed a deep interest in both natural resources and agroecosystems. Experts began to explore the rural hinterland and shores of the Mediterranean. These travellers described completely new settings, agroecosystems, and cultures through the lens of their own backgrounds. This article analyses the development of Mediterranean rural societies as an object of study of Western agricultural science. It describes the reports of travellers to rural lands in Spain, Italy and Lebanon, comparing their observations and representations, evaluating if there are common patterns in their reports and what features are still found in rural practices today.
‘Poverty, gender and old age in the Victorian and Edwardian workhouse’
Authors: Williams Samantha 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe workhouse was a central facet of the new poor law and the elderly – and aged men in particular – came to dominate workhouse populations. This article is the first to analyse a very large data set of almost 4,000 workhouses from all areas of England and Wales extracted from the I-CeM data set, which reveals the composition of workhouse residents on census night by age, gender, and geography between 1851 and 1911. Factors influencing the proportion of the elderly in the workhouse include the dependency ratio and internal migration, urbanisation and a commitment to institutions in cities, and the availability of outdoor relief and other avenues of support. Destitution, want of work, old age and illness propelled the elderly into the workhouse. The crusade against outrelief of the 1870s contributed to this increase, and, while the introduction of old age pensions reduced those over the age of 70, this did not prevent the ‘younger aged’ (those aged 60–69) from increasing.
Exploring working memory and language dominance in heritage bilinguals’ writing processes
Authors: Torres Julio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHeritage language (HL) bilinguals’ writing skills has been a topic of inquiry in the field of HL education. However, little is still known about HL writers’ writing processes and the contribution of individual differences to these processes remains unexplored. By integrating keystroke-logging and think-aloud methodologies, this study examined 61 Spanish-English HL writers’ pausing and revision behaviors during the completion of Spanish (HL) and English writing tasks. Participants also completed an advanced Ospan working memory test and a language dominance questionnaire. The main findings revealed that, although HL writers’ pausing and revision behaviors did not significantly differ between writing tasks, the nature of their writing processes underlying these writing behaviors fluctuated. Further, language dominance as a multidimensional construct did not contribute to these writing results, whereas participants with higher working memory spent more time addressing orthographic and morphosyntactic encoding episodes during pauses within words when writing in both languages.
Review of Dranove and Burns, 2021. Big Med: Megaproviders and the High Cost of Health Care in America
Authors: Taylor Lauren A. 
Published: March 2023

David Dranove and Lawton Burn’s new collaboration Big Med: Megaproviders and the High Cost of Health Care in America provides readers with a comprehensive tutorial on consolidation in United States healthcare markets over the past 40 years. Although the book is most explicitly aimed at those who look around and wonder how we arrived at a healthcare landscape dominated by giants, anyone with a serious interest in the prices of U.S. healthcare will want to have this rigorous and timely treatment on their bookshelf.
The Realities Facing Graduate Students: Before, During, and After the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pashayan Angela R. , Kehlenbach E. Stefan , Ye Huei-Jyun , Mueller Grace B. , Willis Charmaine 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTCommittees from the American Political Science Association (APSA) on the status of graduate students in political science conducted digital surveys in 2018, 2020, and 2022. Distributed using listservs from APSA, the surveys asked about a range of realities facing graduate students including employment opportunities, industry or academic support, and overall well-being. Analysis of the data pre-, during-, and post-pandemic revealed high anxiety in 2018 as part of students’ experience looking for jobs. By 2020 and 2022, anxiety worsened, such that the well-being of graduate students in political science should be addressed. We recommend a change in the structure of graduate academic programs to include stronger institutional support and an emphasis on alternative paths for work that does not entail teaching at an academic institution.
Time-varying volatility and the housing market
Authors: Higgins C. Richard , Sapci Ayse 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the role of stochastic volatility in a setting where housing serves as an important propagation mechanism. After showing time-varying volatility in US house prices, we estimate a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with housing, financial frictions, and stochastic volatility using a nonlinear approximation and Bayesian econometric techniques. Incorporating stochastic volatility into the model greatly improves model fit and accounts for approximately half of the increased volatility in house prices observed during the Great Recession. Increased stochastic volatility escalates uncertainty which has significant effects on macroeconomic variables. While uncertainty in most sectors has negative effects on the economy, uncertainty on collateral constraints has the largest role. Unlike other uncertainty shocks, the housing demand uncertainty creates positive spillovers in the economy. Credit conditions, adjustment costs of capital and housing, and monetary policy are important transmission mechanisms for the stochastic volatility shocks.