bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring early career researchers' perspectives of training and funding opportunities: Motivations and setbacks when applying for the UK's National Institute for Health and Care Research's fellowships and research funding
Authors: Hashem Ferhana , Huber Jörg , Egan Bernadette , Barnes Rebecca , Newby Christopher 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite the availability of training and funding opportunities with the UK's National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), early career researchers (ECRs) invariably experience concern in sustaining an academic career in health research given the uncertainties of success following rejection from peer‐reviewed funding bodies. The objective of this study was to consider what motivates ECRs when applying for funding to NIHR programmes and how they overcome funding setbacks. Eleven ECRs took part in a one‐to‐one virtual in‐depth interview; the sample included more women (n = 8) than men (n = 3) and participants included pre‐doctoral researchers (n = 5), and both doctoral (n = 2) and post‐doctoral (n = 4) ECRs. The interviews were analysed using the logic of a systems theory framework identifying factors impacting on ECRs occurring within an individual, within their social system and within their broader environment. The central themes that emerged from the data focussed on: (1) facilitators for ECRs to apply for NIHR funding; (2) exploring ECRs' setbacks and disappointments; (3) improving chances of funding; and (4) deciding to apply with a view to re‐applying in future. The participants' responses provided an honest and frank reflection of the uncertainties and challenges as ECRs in the current climate. Further strategies to support ECRs could be facilitated through local NIHR infrastructure, mentorship, better access to local support networks and hard‐wiring research into an organisation's strategic priorities.
Greenhouse gas emissions and ammonia loss of maize fertigation with a centre pivot system in the North China Plain
Authors: Fan Xinrui , Zhao Weixia , Li Jiusheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhether sprinkler fertigation stimulates greenhouse gas emissions and ammonia loss is an indispensable consideration for nitrogen management. To assess the effect of sprinkler fertigation on N2O, CH4, CO2 and NH3 emissions, three N recommendation methods for summer maize, including the local empirical value, mineral nitrogen method and modified mineral nitrogen method, and three topdressing methods, including no topdressing, one topdressing and two topdressings following intermittent rainfall events, were tested in the 2020 and 2021 seasons. Surface irrigation with fertilizer broadcasting was used as the control treatment. The results indicated that nitrogen topdressing and rainfall promoted soil N2O, CO2 and NH3 emissions but had no obvious effect on CH4 emissions. The increasing nitrogen application rate increased gaseous nitrogen losses of N2O and NH3. Sprinkler fertigation with the modified mineral nitrogen method and two topdressings obtained the greatest yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Compared to the control treatment, the yield and nitrogen use efficiency in the sprinkler fertigation treatments was maximally increased by 20%, and the cumulative NH3 volatilization losses and gaseous nitrogen loss rate were both reduced by 16%, while the cumulative N2O emissions increased by 4%. No significant difference in global warming potential was obtained among all treatments.
Medical interpreter‐mediated genetic counseling for Spanish preferring adults at risk for a hereditary cancer syndrome
Authors: Joseph Galen , Lindberg Nangel M. , Guerra Claudia , Hernandez Cindy , Karliner Leah S. , Gilmore Marian J. , Zepp Jamilyn , Rolf Bradley A. , Caruncho Mikaella , Riddle Leslie , Kauffman Tia L. , Leo Michael C. , Wilfond Benjamin S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to identify interpretation challenges specific to exome sequencing and errors of potential clinical significance in the context of genetic counseling for adults at risk for a hereditary cancer syndrome. Thirty transcripts of interpreter‐mediated telephone results disclosure genetic counseling appointments were coded for errors by bilingual researchers, and the coders applied an overall rating to denote the degree to which the errors interfered with communication overall. Genetic counselors reviewed a subset of errors flagged for potential clinical significance to identify those likely to have clinical impact. Qualitative interviews with 19 interpreters were analyzed to elucidate the challenges they face in interpreting for genetic counseling appointments. Our analysis identified common interpretation errors such as raising the register, omissions, and additions. Further, we found errors specific to genetic counseling concepts and content that appeared to impact the ability of the genetic counselor to accurately assess risk. These errors also may have impacted the patient's ability to understand their results, access appropriate follow‐up care, and communicate with family members. Among interpreters' strengths was the use of requests for clarification; in fact, even more use of clarification would have been beneficial in these encounters. Qualitative interviews surfaced challenges stemming from the structure of interpreter work, such as switching from medical and nonmedical interpretations without substantial breaks. Importantly, while errors were frequent, most did not impede communication overall, and most were not likely to impact clinical care. Nevertheless, potentially clinically impactful errors in communication of genetics concepts may contribute to inequitable care for limited English proficient patients and suggest that additional training in genetics and specialization in healthcare may be warranted. In addition, training for genetic counselors and guidance for patients in working effectively with interpreters could enhance interpreters' transmission of complex genetic concepts.
Radiographers' decision‐making processes in the movement of pain‐afflicted adult trauma patients in planar diagnostic imaging
Authors: Talevski Christopher , Kilgour Andrew , Spuur Kelly 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroduction: The need to balance pain management and radiographic image quality is at the forefront of patient care in diagnostic radiography. This study aimed to identify the decision‐making that radiographers employ when undertaking planar diagnostic imaging for pain‐afflicted adult trauma patients and the factors that influence these decisions. Methods: A virtual focus group interview was undertaken with six experienced Australian radiographers using a realistic scenario and questions based on it. Thematic analysis was employed to explore how radiographers approached planar diagnostic imaging of trauma patients and what influenced decisions regarding patient movement. Results: Five key factors in radiographers' decision‐making were identified: assistance from the multidisciplinary team, understanding the patient, pain reduction methods, the patient being informed and radiographer competence. Radiographers were found to further utilise professional knowledge of image interpretation and anatomy and physiology, in conjunction with interpersonal capabilities, to undertake radiographic examinations. Conclusion: The decision‐making process that informs the movement of pain‐afflicted adult trauma patients is multifactorial, aligning with the broad healthcare principles of multidisciplinary teamwork, holistic management of the patient and professional knowledge and practice. Further research is needed to explore correlations with different patient groups to validate this research.
Blueberry extract alleviated lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation responses in mice through activating the FXR/TGR5 signaling pathway and regulating gut microbiota
Authors: Zhou Shanshan , Yang Li , Hu Liang , Qin Wen , Cao Yang , Tang Zizhong , Li Hua , Hu Xinjie , Fang Zhengfeng , Li Shanshan , Huang Zhiqing , Chen Hong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDBlueberry extract (BE) is rich in phenols, especially anthocyanins. Anthocyanins regulate the inflammatory response in mice and may be related to gut microbiota and bile acid receptors. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of BE on the inflammatory response by regulating gut microbiota and bile acid receptors in mice administered Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS).METHODThirty male KM mice were randomly divided into three groups: CON (control diet) group; LPS (LPS stimulation) group; and LPS + BE (LPS stimulation, 5% BE intervention) group.RESULTSour results showed that, compared with the LPS group, the addition of BE decreased the level of inflammatory factors in serum and tissues, inhibited the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway, protected the intestinal barrier and activated FXR/TGR5, which was related to gut microbiota (especially Akkermansia). The active component (e.g., cyanidin 3‐O‐glucoside, C3G) in BE may be an important factor in regulating gut microbiota.CONCLUSIONBE alleviated the inflammatory response mainly by activating bile acid receptor expression and regulating the gut microbiota; this effect may be related to the composition of bioactive substances in BE. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Age‐related next‐generation sequencing mutational analysis in 1196 melanomas
Authors: Santamaria‐Barria Juan A. , Matsuba Chikako , Khader Adam , Scholar Anthony J. , Garland‐Kledzik Mary , Fischer Trevan D. , Essner Richard , Salomon Matthew P. , Mammen Joshua M. V. , Goldfarb Melanie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMelanoma mutational burden is high and approximately 50% have oncogenic mutations inBRAF. We sought to evaluate age‐related mutational differences in melanoma.MethodsWe analyzed melanoma samples in the Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange database. Targetable mutations were identified using the Precision Oncology Knowledge Base (OncoKB).ResultsWe found 1194 patients with a common set of 30 genes. The top mutated genes in patients <40 years old (y/o) (n = 98) wereBRAF(59%),TP53(31%),NRAS(17%), andPTEN(14%); in 40–59 y/o (n = 354) wereBRAF(51%),NRAS(30%),TP53(26%), andAPC(13%); and in ≥60 y/o (n = 742) wereBRAF(38%),NRAS(33%),TP53(26%), andKDR(19%).BRAFmutations were almost mutually exclusive fromNRASmutations in <40 y/o (58/59). Mutational burden increased with age, with means of 2.39, 2.92, and 3.67 mutations per sample in patients <40, 40–59, and ≥60 y/o, respectively (p < 0.0001). There were 10 targetable mutations meeting OncoKB criteria for melanoma:BRAF(level 1),RET(level 1),KIT(level 2),NRAS(level 3A),TP53(level 3A), andFGFR2,MET,PTEN,PIK3CA, andKRAS(level 4).ConclusionsMutations in melanoma have age‐related differences and demonstrates potential targetable mutations for personalized therapies.
Artificial Nerve Conduit for Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Reconstruction in Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Watanabe Akihito , Kimura Yuki , Tsukamoto Shinji , Taniguchi Masanobu , Ito Suguru 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveOncological reconstruction of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is sometimes necessary for RLN invaded by thyroid cancer. There have been no case reports of RLN reconstruction using artificial nerve conduits, which are often used for peripheral nerves. In this study, we retrospectively evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a collagen conduit with collagen filaments for RLN reconstruction cases at our hospital.MethodsArtificial nerve conduits were used in seven cases of RLN reconstruction. Two patients had preoperative unilateral vocal cord paralysis with severe vocal cord atrophy, and two had vocal cord paresis without atrophy. The remaining three patients had functional vocal cords before surgery that had to be resected via surgery due to thyroid cancer infiltration of the RLN. Reconstruction was performed using RENERVE®, which is a collagen conduit. Voice examination and laryngeal endoscopy were performed 1, 3, and 12 months after surgery.ResultsThere was no improvement in the phonetics of the two patients with vocal cord atrophy before surgery. In the remaining five cases, three with functional vocal cords improved to preoperative values, and two with vocal cord paresis improved to greater than preoperative values.ConclusionWe report the first case series using an artificial nerve conduit for human RLN reconstruction. In cases of RLN resection when the patient has good voice quality pre‐operatively, reconstruction of the RLN using an artificial nerve may be a favorable option in cases where direct anastomosis or ansa cervicalis to RLN anastomosis cannot be performed.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 133:1773–1779, 2023
GREAT LEADERS DELIVER GREAT RESULTS
Authors: Phillips Patti P. , Phillips Jack J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe authors, leaders of ROI Institute, write about the impact of leaders, how they can drive positive results in organizations of all types, and the importance of Return on Investment (ROI). They write about specific leaders and organizations, such as Starbucks and Howard Schultz; and Gail McGovern, of The American Red Cross. “Great leaders deliver great results,” the authors contend, “including the financial and non‐financial impact they have in their organizations. Without impact, leaders are largely ineffective.” They note five areas within “The Basics of Accountability.” In area one, “Inspiring others means that leaders compel those who follow to feel or do something different.” In area two, “learning means that people gain new knowledge or insight from the leader.” In area three, “Doing more means a leader drives change.” In area four, “Often, impact is reflected in the performance data of an individual or organization.” In area five, “Is the impact worth the effort?” A chart depicts the five levels of success, which in their words are: 1‐Reaction and planned action. 2‐Learning. 3‐Application and implementation. 4‐Impact. 5‐ROI. They conclude that “the dilemmas about the business connection to leadership development can easily be resolved by shifting responsibilities for the entire team to focus on impact results.”
Proteoforms of β‐Casein, α‐s1‐Casein, α‐Lactalbumin, Serum Albumin, and Lactotransferrin Identified in Different Lactation Phases of Human Milk by Proteomics Approach
Authors: Ribeiro Alessandra Casagrande , Fontes Edimar Aparecida Filomeno , López Camilo José Ramirez , Sousa Wassali Valadares , Gomes Isabela Souza , Barros Edvaldo , Coimbra Jane Sélia dos Reis , Franceschini Sylvia do Carmo Castro , Silva Danielle Aparecida , Baracat‐Pereira Maria Cristina 
Published: March 2023

ScopeHuman milk (HM) has a wide range of proteins with biological and nutritional functions, essential for newborns. The roles of proteins and their proteoforms in HM are not fully understood. This study aims to assess, by 2‐DE proteomics, the differential proteoforms in HM, present in colostrum (COL), transition (TRA), and mature milk (MAT), aiming to contribute to understanding neonates’ protein needs.Methods and resultsHM samples are collected from 39 healthy lactating women. COL presents the higher concentration of essential amino acids. After MALDI‐MS/MS and bioinformatics analysis, proteoforms are differentially detected. Abundances of β‐casein (CSN2), α‐s1 casein, and α‐lactalbumin (LALBA) are higher in MAT; CSN2s are found in 11 spots and the isoforms increase in size as the pI becomes more acidic; regarding LALBA, two variant forms are found with different abundances in TRA and MAT; CSN2, LALBA, lactotransferrin (LTF), and serum albumin forms are present in all lactation phases.ConclusionThis study reveals differential proteoforms in COL involved in tissue growth and body development, besides essential amino acids, and, in MAT, involved in muscle mass gain, strengthening of the immune system, and energy production. The results provide new insight about proteoforms involved in maturation of the newborn's organs and systems.
Particle count estimation in dilution series experiments
Authors: Duan Yajie , Lin Chun‐Pang , Sargsyan Davit , Cabrera Javier , Livingston Christine , Vogel Robert , Sendecki Jocelyn , Talloen Willem , Geys Helena , Mohanty Surya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEstimation of microorganism concentration in samples (bacterial cells or viral particles) has been a focal point in biomedical experiments for more than a century. Serial dilution of the samples is often used to estimate the target concentrations in immunology, virology, and pharmaceutical industry. A new methodology, called joint likelihood estimation (JLE), is proposed to estimate particles such as the number of microorganisms in a sample from counts obtained by serially diluting the sample. It models count data from the entire single dilution series rather than using only specific dilutions. The theoretical framework is based on the binomial and the Poisson distributions and is consistent with the actual experimental process. The estimator of the target concentration is obtained by MLE with derived joint likelihood functions of the observed counts including right‐censored values. Simulations demonstrated that the new JLE method significantly increases precision and accuracy of the estimate compared to the existing methods. It can be applied to a variety of studies with similar experimental designs, especially when the number of particles in the neat sample is very large.
Characterization of hepatic fatty acids using magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the assessment of treatment response to metformin in an eNOS−/− mouse model of metabolic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Lavin Begoña , Eykyn Thomas R. , Phinikaridou Alkystis , Xavier Aline , Kumar Shravan , Buqué Xabier , Aspichueta Patricia , Sing‐Long Carlos , Arrese Marco , Botnar René M. , Andia Marcelo E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis and staging of disease. There is a clinical need for noninvasive diagnostic tools for risk stratification, follow‐up, and monitoring treatment response that are currently lacking, as well as preclinical models that recapitulate the etiology of the human condition. We have characterized the progression of NAFLD in eNOS−/− mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) using noninvasive Dixon‐based magnetic resonance imaging and single voxel STEAM spectroscopy‐based protocols to measure liver fat fraction at 3 T. After 8 weeks of diet intervention, eNOS−/− mice exhibited significant accumulation of intra‐abdominal and liver fat compared with control mice. Liver fat fraction measured by 1H‐MRS in vivo showed a good correlation with the NAFLD activity score measured by histology. Treatment of HFD‐fed NOS3−/− mice with metformin showed significantly reduced liver fat fraction and altered hepatic lipidomic profile compared with untreated mice. Our results show the potential of in vivo liver MRI and 1H‐MRS to noninvasively diagnose and stage the progression of NAFLD and to monitor treatment response in an eNOS−/− murine model that represents the classic NAFLD phenotype associated with metabolic syndrome.
Social media and deep learning reveal specific cultural preferences for biodiversity
Authors: Havinga Ilan , Marcos Diego , Bogaart Patrick , Massimino Dario , Hein Lars , Tuia Devis 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Social media has created new opportunities to map cultural ecosystem services (CES) related to biodiversity at large scales. However, using these novel data to understand people's preferences in relation to these CES remains a challenge.

To address this, we trained a deep learning model to capture people's interactions with selected flora and fauna on Flickr as a cultural service related to biodiversity and compared this with citizen science data on iNaturalist, with photos of individual species considered as human–species interactions.

After mapping the distribution of people's interactions in Great Britain on Flickr and iNaturalist, we find significant spatial differences in people's preferences on the two platforms.

Using a second, pretrained deep learning model, we were also able to identify different preferences for species groups such as birds on social media versus citizen science.

To better understand people's preferences, we also compared people's interactions with species richness and abundance for a group of 36 bird species, sometimes finding large differences between people's interactions and these ecological measures.

Our findings demonstrate that social media can be used to include a wider range of preferences in CES assessments along‐side citizen science data. However, these preferences reflect only a limited first‐hand experience of biodiversity.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Frequency‐dependent dynamic moduli prediction for general bio‐inspired staggered platelet reinforced composites
Authors: Rao Yanni , Wan Wei , Wei Ning , Wang Kui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLoad‐bearing biological staggered composites, like nacre, teeth, and bone, possess an exceptional combination of material properties like high stiffness and high toughness. To date, most of the analytical research are for nacre‐like bio‐inspired staggered composites, with highly overlapped platelets. But the collagen fibril‐like staggered composites, with slender or barely overlapped platelets, are out of their scope. This motivates this work. In this paper, based on the previous research, according to the elastic‐viscoelastic corresponding principle, an analytical model for dynamic properties of general bio‐inspired staggered composites is presented. Moreover, the effect of loading frequency in a wide range is studied. The accuracy of the model is verified by comparison with existing models and finite element simulations. Besides, parametric analyses and sensitivity analysis are conducted thoroughly. The results reveal that besides the platelet concentration and the platelet aspect ratio, the platelet overlap ratio also influences the damping behavior of bio‐inspired staggered composites to a certain extent; for biological/biomimetic composites with a larger overlap ratio, higher loss modulus is possible to be achieved, and the optimal aspect ratio is mostly within [5, 30]. These findings are of great significance to the optimal design of bio‐inspired engineering materials in the future.