bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations in chemical composition, fatty acids, amino acids, oil quality and functional properties of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) as influenced by high and low dose gamma irradiation using cobalt-60 wet storage source
Authors: Oguntoyinbo Oladotun Olakanmi , Oyinloye Ajibola Mitchell , Adesina Oluwaseun Adekemi , Adekanmbi Funmilayo Seun , Enujiugha Victor Ndigwe 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Groundnut samples were irradiated at 2.5 and 10 kGy, using cobalt-60 gamma source; the control sample was not irradiated. The parameters determined were the proximate chemical composition, mineral composition, anti-nutritional factors and functional properties, as well as amino-acid profiles, fatty acid profiles, and oil quality of the samples. The differences in the parameters among all the samples after gamma-irradiation were tested by analysis of variance at the 95% confidence level of significance (P ≤ 0.05). Irradiation did not have any significant effect on the proximate composition, except the fat content which was increased by irradiation (from 41.98 ± 0.03%dry wt. at 0 kGy to 42.06 ± 0.03% and 42.08 ± 0.05% at 2.5 and 10 kGy, respectively). The energy values of irradiated samples were 571.32 ± 0.50 and 571.76 ± 0.10 kCal at 2.5 and 10 kGy, respectively; compared with 569.32 ± 0.10 kcal at 0 kGy. The mean protein content of samples was 29.77%. Irradiation significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the mineral contents of groundnut. Potassium being the most abundant in groundnut (28.56 ± 0.03 mg/100g) at 0 kGy was increased to 37.56 ± 0.01 and 36.31 ± 0.01 mg/100g at 2.5 and 10 kGy respectively. Iron and sodium were low (2.05 ± 0.03 and 2.08 ± 0.03 mg/100g at 0 kGy, respectively; and 2.58 ± 0.02 and 2.82 ± 0.02 mg/100g, respectively). The oil absorption capacity for the groundnut flour samples was increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05), with increased dose of irradiation (86 ± 0.58, 87 ± 0.58, and 94 ± 0.58%) at 0, 2.5 and 10 kGy, respectively; while the foaming and emulsion capacities were decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05), by increased dose of irradiation. However, the water holding capacity of groundnut flour was not affected by irradiation. The least gelation concentration was increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05), with increased dose of irradiation (50, 60, and 70% at 0, 2.5, and 10 kGy respectively). Peroxide and saponification values were not affected significantly at (P ≤ 0.05) by irradiation; while the iodine value was significantly reduced at (P ≤ 0.05) with increased irradiation dose; also, the acid value and free fatty acid content increased significantly. Sulphur and aromatic amino acids were reduced significantly at (P ≤ 0.05) with increased dose of irradiation. There was reduction or elimination of unsaturated fatty acids at 2.5 and 10 kGy doses, while the level of saturation was increased. Anti-nutritional factors were reduced with increased dose of irradiation. This study shows that irradiation is still suitable as a method of preservation for groundnut, although it showed reduced overall nutritional quality.
Use of microalga Asterarcys quadricellulare in common bean: a sustainable alternative to mitigate water stress
Authors: Marques Harielly Marianne Costa , Mógor Átila Francisco , Amatussi Juliana Oliveira , Lara Gabriel Bocchetti , Mógor Gilda , Sant’Anna-Santos Bruno Francisco 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is considered one of the most affordable sources to tackle hunger in underdeveloped countries. However, its cultivation takes place in regions that suffer from water deficiency, which limits plant growth and crop yield. Therefore, it is necessary to seek sustainable alternatives that mitigate the deleterious effects of water shortage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for mitigating the effects of water deficit with the application of the microalgae Asterarcys quadricellulare (CCAP 294/1) in two bean cultivars (IAC 1850 and BRS ESTEIO). The plants were grown in pots, with foliar application of microalgae at stage of third fully expanded trefoil at concentrations of 0.5 mL L− 1 and 1.0 mL L− 1. The water deficit lasted for 7 days, and, after that, the rehydration of the plants was performed. Evaluations were carried out in three periods: i. on the third day after the start of water restriction, ii. one day after rehydration, iii. 10 days after rehydration. The levels of chlorophyll, sugars, protein and antioxidant enzymes were increased in plants treated with microalgae. At ten days after rehydration, there was an increase in leaf area, fresh mass, and leaf thickness in the treated plants. Our results demonstrate the effects of A. quadricellulare (CCAP 294/1) in mitigating the deleterious effects of water deficit, accelerating the recovery of the two common bean cultivars, which demonstrates its potential as a sustainable alternative to support food production under changing environment.
Vapor barrier membranes based on polylactic acid and cellulose microfibers for the building envelope application
Authors: Chomachayi Masoud Dadras , Blanchet Pierre , Hussain Atif , Pepin Simon 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study aims to develop a fully bio-based barrier membrane from polylactic acid (PLA) and cellulose microfibers (CMF) to control the transmission of water vapor through building envelopes that could otherwise lead to moisture accumulation and deterioration of building materials. To improve the dispersibility of CMF in the PLA matrix, the bio-filler was modified with lactic acid (LA) by a simple esterification reaction. The contact angle test results demonstrated that the hydrophilicity of CMF reduced after the modification. Based on the morphological analysis, the LA-modified CMF (CMF-LA) showed excellent dispersion in the PLA matrix due to the improved interfacial adhesion between modified fibers and PLA. The results of thermal analyses indicated that the glass transmission temperature and thermal decomposition temperatures of materials enhanced after the addition of bio-fillers. Moreover, PLA-based composites incorporated with CMF-LA displayed superior vapor barrier properties compared to PLA/untreated CMF composites. Additionally, the environmental impact of developed membranes was studied by the life cycle assessment tool and results indicated that the incorporation of bio-fillers to PLA reduced the global warming potential. The obtained results suggest that LA-modified CMF can proceed simple, cost-effective, and sustainable to fabricate a PLA-based membrane for the building envelope application.
A novel risk score for predicting prolonged length of stay following pediatric kidney transplant
Authors: DiLeo Michael , Miggins John J. , Brewer Eileen D. , Galván N. Thao N. , Rana Abbas 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background Kidney transplants (KT) are accepted as the kidney replacement therapy of choice for children with kidney failure. The surgery itself may be more difficult especially in small children, and often leads to significant hospital stays. There is little research for predicting prolonged length of stay (LOS) in children. We aim to examine the factors associated with prolonged LOS following pediatric KT to help clinicians make informed decisions, better counsel families, and potentially reduce preventable causes of prolonged stay. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the United Network for Organ Sharing database for all KT recipients less than 18-years-old between January 2014 and July 2022 (n = 3,693). Donor and recipient factors were tested in univariate and multivariate logistic analysis using stepwise elimination of non-significant factors to create a final regression model predicting LOS longer than 14 days. Values were assigned to significant factors to create risk scores for each individual patient. Results In the final model, only primary diagnosis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, dialysis prior to KT, geographic region, and recipient weight prior to KT were significant predictors of LOS longer than 14 days. The C-statistic of the model is 0.7308. The C-statistic of the risk score is 0.7221. Conclusions Knowledge of the risk factors affecting prolonged LOS following pediatric KT can help identify patients at risk of increased resource use and potential hospital-acquired complications. Using our index, we identified some of these specific risk factors and created a risk score that can stratify pediatric recipients into low, medium, or high-risk groups.
Neglecting farmer cropping adaptation can overstate water shortages in large-scale hydrological modeling assessments.
Authors: Yoon Jim , Voisin Nathalie , Klassert Christian , Thurber Travis , Xu Wenwei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Threats to water security are a paramount global concern, largely driven by human pressures on scarce water resources. The irrigation of croplands, which accounts for the lion’s share of human water consumption, is critical in understanding water shortage trajectories. Despite irrigation’s defining role, large-scale hydrological modeling (LHM) frameworks typically impose trajectories of land use that underlie irrigation demand, neglecting dynamic feedbacks in the form of human instigation of and subsequent adaptation to water shortage via irrigated cropping changes. We extend an LHM with adaptive farmer agents, applying the model to the Continental United States to evaluate water shortage outcomes that emerge from the interplay between hydrologic-driven water availability, reservoir management, and farmer cropping adaptation. Hypothetical comparative simulations reveal that neglecting farmer cropping adaptation regularly leads to pronounced overestimation of water shortages, with adaptation reducing U.S.-wide annual water shortage by as much as 42 percent in an experiment that mimics U.S. hydrology from 1950–2009.
Gutta percha, natural rubber and balata - chemical characterization of polyisoprenes in the context of cultural heritage
Authors: Szczepanowska Hanna M , Akhmedov Novruz G. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Gutta percha, natural rubber, and balata are latexes produced by tropical trees that since the mid-19th century have been extensively used commercially and in the creation of artworks and daily use objects. All three latexes are stereoisomers of polyisoprene that differ in their molecular structure. In gutta percha and balata, the molecular functional group is in the trans- position; in natural rubber, it is in the cis- position. This difference in their molecular structure affects the physical properties of these materials and their aging, turning natural rubber tacky and gutta percha brittle. Commercially focused analysis of natural polyisoprenes has typically used chemically modified materials. The present study characterizes natural, chemically unadulterated latex harvested from trees, aiming to differentiate the cis- and trans-forms. The analysed materials comprised fresh latexes harvested in Malaysia and Indonesia, naturally aged botanical samples, some over 100 years old, and minimally processed 10-year-old commercial stock; a total of 50 samples were examined, out of which 23 are discussed in detail. The harvesting practices of latexes were recorded during fieldwork in Southeast Asia in 2015–2019, in Cipetir (Tjipetir), on Lingga Island in Indonesia, and in Malay rubber plantations. The harvesting methods are the first indicators as to the type of latex harvested based on the pattern of incisions and time of coagulation upon exposure to air. The interviews of tappers, especially of gutta percha and balata, serve as a record of a disappearing craft. Therefore, this fieldwork report contributing to a general knowledge of working methods with natural latexes is of particular value considering the scarcity of published records. The laboratory analytical study of trans- and cis- forms relied on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, which is the most accurate method to unambiguously determine the stereo chemistry of each polyisoprene. The characteristic spectroscopic features of cis- and trans-positions were clearly shown in all samples, in fresh latex, in over 100-year-old material, and in early 20th century artifacts. This result indicated that the aging of the polyisoprenes does not prevent the identification of their stereochemistry. This analytical work is the first thorough examination of gutta percha, natural rubber and balata in the context of cultural heritage to guide preservation strategies for objects made of these materials.
Gut Microbiome Signature of Metabolically Healthy Obese Individuals According to Anthropometric, Metabolic and Inflammatory Parameters
Authors: Lee Ho-Kyoung , Kim Nam-Eun , Shin Cheol Min , Oh Tae Jung , Yoon Hyuk , Park Young Soo , Kim Nayoung , Won Sungho , Lee Dong Ho 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background:Recent studies have revealed that metabolically healthy obese (MHO) population have different clinical profiles and prognosis than metabolically unhealthy obese patients.’ This study aims to investigate the characteristics of gut microbiome in the MHO patients, and how they correlate with metabolic and inflammatory profiles.
Results: A total of 120 obese people without metabolic comorbidities were recruited, and their clinical phenotypes, metabolic and inflammatory parameters were analyzed. The fecal microbial markers originating from bacterial cell and extracellular vesicle (EV) were profiled using 16S rDNA sequencing.
The total study population could be classified into two distinct enterotypes (group I: Prevotellaceae-predominant, group II: Akkermansia/Bacteroides abundant), based on their stool EV-derived microbiome profile. When comparing the metabolic and inflammatory profiles, enterotype I correlated with higher levels of body mass index, total body fat mass, serum IL-1β, serum resistin than enterotype II (all p < 0.05). The microbial diversity in enterotype I were lower than those in enterotype II (p < 0.001), and the microbial composition, analyzed by unweighted unifrac distance, revealed distinct distribution between the two enterotypes (PERMANOVA p = 0.001). Enterotype I had relatively higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, Prevotellaceae and Prevotella-derived EVs, and lower abundance of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Akkermansia and Bacteroides-derived EVs.
Conclusion:HMO patients can be categorized into two distinct enterotypes by the faecal EV-derived microbiome profile. The enterotypes may be associated with different metabolic and inflammatory profiles. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the long-term prognostic impact of EV-derived microbiome in the obese population.
Burnout and its associated factors among medical laboratory professional in public hospitals of Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Atlabachew Daniel , Asaye Sintayehu , Alemu Yared , Bekele Shiferaw 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Burnout is a work-related mental and physical syndrome resulting from long-term exposure to emotional and interpersonal stressors. The health of Medical Laboratory Professionals may be affected by prolonged exposure to massive stress, despite widely prevalent burnout but a few studies about the specific patterns of burnout in this profession.
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the magnitude of burnout and its associated factors among Medical Laboratory Professionals in public hospitals of Jimma zone, southwest Ethiopia, from May 1 - June 1, 2022.
Patients and methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted, on 153 study participants. Data collection was done using a pretested self-administered questionnaire. Data were verified, encoded, entered with EPI INFO Version 7, and analyzed using SPSS Version 21.0. Descriptive statistics were analyzed through cross-tabulation. Further, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were computed to identify predictor variables significantly associated with the outcome variable. All variables with p-value ≤ 0.25 in bivariate analysis were entered into the multivariable logistic regression model to adjust possible confounders. Finally, variables with a p-value of <0.05 in the final analysis, were considered to explain the presence of association.
Results: A total of 153 participants were included in this study. The majority, 89(58.2%) were aged less than 29 years with a mean ±SD (29.95 ± 4.2). Forty-six (30.1%) reported suffering from a high level of burnout. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, smoking a cigarette for several days [(AOR =1.74, 95% CI (0.94 to 3.91)], abuse of drugs [(AOR= 0.083, 95% CI (0.034-0.247)], lack of adequate sleep [(AOR= 0.237, 95% CI (0.098-0.643)], not having a family relationship [(AOR= 4.73, 95% CI (1.82-7.324)], demonstrated a statistically significant association with the burnout.
Conclusion and recommendations: According to the findings of this study, drinking alcohol, abuse of drugs, smoking cigarettes for several days, lack of adequate sleep, and not having a family relationship were significant predictor variables for burnout in MLPs.
These findings contribute to further research with larger sample sizes and the establishment of interventions to improve the mental health and well-being of MLPs
Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Aluminum 7050 Alloy with Glass Particles Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Tadege Yalew Tamene , Kori Tamiru Hailu , Yona Dawit Muluneh , Santhosh Johnson 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Aluminum-based reinforced composites have gained considerable attention due to their superior mechanical properties. Reinforcement can take the form of continuous/discontinuous fibers, whiskers, particulates, or white particles. Micro-sized reinforcements have brought about a radical change in composite materials. The properties of Aluminum Matrix Composites (AMCs) can be customized for a variety of industrial applications by selecting appropriate combinations of matrix, reinforcement, and processing routes. This study focuses on the experimental investigation of AMCs reinforced with 4%, 6%, and 8% by weight of 225µm glass particles using the stir casting method. The mechanical properties of the fabricated composites were analyzed, including hardness and tensile strength. The properties of unreinforced alloys and composites were measured and results indicated that these properties improved with an increase in the weight percentage of glass particulates in the aluminum matrix.
The Composite Quality Score for the appraisal of prospective controlled clinical therapy trials in systematic reviews and its limits (Preprint)
Authors: Mickenautsch Steffen , Rupf Stefan , Yengopal Veerasamy 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Systematic reviews of prospective controlled clinical therapy trials are one of the most important sources of information in modern medicine. Besides the systematic search for and statistical pooling of current clinical trial data for a particular type of therapy, systematic reviews also have the task of appraising the quality of trial results. The quality of trial results may be diminished by low internal trial validity, due to systematic error (bias). A high risk of bias may likely cause the reported trial results to be diverted from the actual true therapeutic effect and thus render it unsuitable for clinical guidance. According to the Cochrane Collaboration, the risk of bias in clinical therapy trials should be assessed using its Risk of Bias tool, Version 2 (RoB 2). However, the tool has been established to have poor inter-rater reliability, with a limited empirical evidence base and described as complex and demanding. Against this background, the Composite Quality Score (CQS) has been developed as a possible alternative trial appraisal tool, characterised by high epistemic rigour, empirical evidence base, inter-rater reliability and ease of use. This article presents the current evidence of the CQS and its limitations.
Decreased Toll-like receptor 4 and CD11b/CD18 expression on peripheral monocytes of hypertensive patients correlates with a lesser extent of endothelial damage—a preliminary study.
Authors: Budzyń  
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background

Low-grade chronic inflammation is recognized to contribute to the physiopathology of arterial hypertension. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the pro-inflammatory phenotype of peripheral monocytes of hypertensive patients by analyzing Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD11b/CD18 surface expression. In the second part, the influence of phenotypic alterations of monocytes on the endothelial status reflected by circulating endothelial cells (CECs) was evaluated.

Patients

The study involved thirty patients with mild hypertension (MH) and thirty subjects with resistant hypertension (RH). The control group included thirty-three age and sex-matched normotensive volunteers.

Results

Reduced TLR4 and CD11b/CD18 surface expression was found in MH and RH patients compared to normotensive volunteers. In addition, the percentage of monocytes co-expressing TLR4 and CD11b/CD18 decreased with the clinical severity of the disease. A statistically significant correlation between TLR4 and CD18 expression was observed in MH patients. Decreased TLR4 surface expression was inversely associated with plasma TNF-α levels in RH patients. A decreased TLR4 surface expression in MH patients and losing CD11b/CD18 on cell membrane in RH patients correlated with a lower number of CECs.

Conclusion

Our preliminary study showed for the first time that hypertension of varying severity is accompanied by phenotypic changes in monocytes, manifested by reduced surface expression of both TLR4 and CD11b/CD18. This phenotypic feature may allow monocytes to downregulate inflammatory response and limit vascular damage. Our study opens a new unexplored area of research on the anti-inflammatory function of monocytes in hypertension.
Direct Determination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in Soybean and Corn by Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Chamkasem Narong , Morris Cynthia 
Published: April 2023

A simple high-throughput liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) in soybean and corn using a reversed-phase with weak anion-exchange and cation-exchange mixed-mode Acclaim™ Trinity™ Q1 column. The method involved an alkaline hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide in order to convert all forms of 2,4-D into a salt form prior to extraction with acidified acetonitrile. The acetonitrile was salted out of the extract with sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate. The acetonitrile extract was diluted 1:1 with water and filtered before analysis by LC-MS/MS in a negative mode. Recoveries were evaluated at 10, 100, and 500 ng/g with seven replicates. Mean recovery ranged from 86 to 107% with relative standard deviation of less than 10%. Matrix suppression was not observed in this procedure; therefore, no internal standard was needed. The method was used successfully for the determination of 2,4-D in soybean and corn samples containing incurred residue. The procedure proved to be quick, accurate, precise, sensitive, and selective.https://doi.org/10.21423/jrs-v04n02p009 (DOI assigned 7/3/2019)