bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Simplified Method for Determining Blood-to-Plasma Ratios in vitro and ex vivo by Matrix Matching with Blank Blood or Plasma
Authors: Zhang Xiaomei , Jenkins Gary J. , Desino Kelly E. , Liu Jinrong , Larsen Mary , Stresser David M. 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
This work describes a simplified, 96-well plate method for determining the blood-to-plasma concentration ratio (BP ratio) for small molecules.

Methods:
The need for calibration curves was eliminated using a matrix-matching approach in which blood samples were mixed with blank plasma and plasma samples were mixed with blank blood. As a result, both blood- and plasma-origin samples shared an equivalent matrix ahead of bioanalysis. In the in vitro assay, identical sample matrices were achieved by using the same source of blank plasma and blood.

Results:
In humans, a good correlation (R2 = 0.84) was observed between the data obtained in this ma-trix-matching method and literature values for 11 commercial compounds possessing a wide range of logD values across multiple chemical classes. In addition, this method showed good agreement with in vitro BP ratios for 10 proprietary compounds determined radiometrically (R2 = 0.72) in human and preclinical species. Finally, the in vitro matrix matching method compared favorably to BP ratios de-termined ex vivo for 13 proprietary and literature compounds (R2 = 0.87) in rat.

Conclusion:
This method, suitable for in vitro and ex vivo BP ratio determinations, is operationally efficient, robust, and a useful improvement upon previously published methods.
Mobile Apps for COVID-19 Detection and Diagnosis for Future Pandemic Control: Multidimensional Systematic Review
Authors: Gheisari Mehdi , Ghaderzadeh Mustafa , Li Huxiong , Taami Tania , Fernández-Campusano Christian , Sadeghsalehi Hamidreza , Afzaal Abbasi Aaqif 
Published: August 2023

Background
In the modern world, mobile apps are essential for human advancement, and pandemic control is no exception. The use of mobile apps and technology for the detection and diagnosis of COVID-19 has been the subject of numerous investigations, although no thorough analysis of COVID-19 pandemic prevention has been conducted using mobile apps, creating a gap.

Objective
With the intention of helping software companies and clinical researchers, this study provides comprehensive information regarding the different fields in which mobile apps were used to diagnose COVID-19 during the pandemic.

Methods
In this systematic review, 535 studies were found after searching 5 major research databases (ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and IEEE). Of these, only 42 (7.9%) studies concerned with diagnosing and detecting COVID-19 were chosen after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol.

Results
Mobile apps were categorized into 6 areas based on the content of these 42 studies: contact tracing, data gathering, data visualization, artificial intelligence (AI)–based diagnosis, rule- and guideline-based diagnosis, and data transformation. Patients with COVID-19 were identified via mobile apps using a variety of clinical, geographic, demographic, radiological, serological, and laboratory data. Most studies concentrated on using AI methods to identify people who might have COVID-19. Additionally, symptoms, cough sounds, and radiological images were used more frequently compared to other data types. Deep learning techniques, such as convolutional neural networks, performed comparatively better in the processing of health care data than other types of AI techniques, which improved the diagnosis of COVID-19.

Conclusions
Mobile apps could soon play a significant role as a powerful tool for data collection, epidemic health data analysis, and the early identification of suspected cases. These technologies can work with the internet of things, cloud storage, 5th-generation technology, and cloud computing. Processing pipelines can be moved to mobile device processing cores using new deep learning methods, such as lightweight neural networks. In the event of future pandemics, mobile apps will play a critical role in rapid diagnosis using various image data and clinical symptoms. Consequently, the rapid diagnosis of these diseases can improve the management of their effects and obtain excellent results in treating patients.
Acceptance and Usability of an Innovative mDentistry eHygiene Model Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic Within the US National Dental Practice-Based Research Network: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Xiao Jin , Kopycka-Kedzierawski Dorota , Ragusa Patricia , Mendez Chagoya Luis Alberto , Funkhouser Kimberly , Lischka Tamara , Wu Tong Tong , Fiscella Kevin , Kar Kumari Saswati , Al Jallad Nisreen , Rashwan Noha , Ren Johana , Meyerowitz Cyril ,   National Dental Practice-Based Research Network (PBRN) Collaborative Group
Published: August 2023

Background
Amid the COVID-19 pandemic and other possible future infectious disease pandemics, dentistry needs to consider modified dental examination regimens that render quality care and ensure the safety of patients and dental health care personnel (DHCP).

Objective
This study aims to assess the acceptance and usability of an innovative mDentistry eHygiene model amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
This pilot study used a 2-stage implementation design to assess 2 critical components of an innovative mDentistry eHygiene model: virtual hygiene examination (eHygiene) and patient self-taken intraoral images (SELFIE), within the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network. Mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) were used to assess the acceptance and usability of the eHygiene model.

Results
A total of 85 patients and 18 DHCP participated in the study. Overall, the eHygiene model was well accepted by patients (System Usability Scale [SUS] score: mean 70.0, SD 23.7) and moderately accepted by dentists (SUS score: mean 51.3, SD 15.9) and hygienists (SUS score: mean 57.1, SD 23.8). Dentists and patients had good communication during the eHygiene examination, as assessed using the Dentist-Patient Communication scale. In the SELFIE session, patients completed tasks with minimum challenges and obtained diagnostic intraoral photos. Patients and DHCP suggested that although eHygiene has the potential to improve oral health care services, it should be used selectively depending on patients’ conditions.

Conclusions
The study results showed promise for the 2 components of the eHygiene model. eHygiene offers a complementary modality for oral health data collection and examination in dental offices, which would be particularly useful during an infectious disease outbreak. In addition, patients being able to capture critical oral health data in their home could facilitate dental treatment triage and oral health self-monitoring and potentially trigger oral health–promoting behaviors.
Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression Among Homebound Older Adults: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Xiang Xiaoling , Kayser Jay , Ash Samson , Zheng Chuxuan , Sun Yihang , Weaver Addie , Dunkle Ruth , Blackburn James A , Halavanau Alex , Xue Jia , Himle Joseph A 
Published: August 2023

Background
Homebound older adults are a high-risk group for depression. However, many of them face barriers to accessing evidence-supported mental health treatments. Digital mental health interventions can potentially improve treatment access, but few web-based interventions are explicitly tailored for depression in older adults.

Objective
This paper describes the development process of Empower@Home, a web-delivered intervention for depression in homebound older adults that is based on cognitive behavioral therapy, and reports on the outcomes of usability studies.

Methods
Empower@Home was developed in collaboration with community agencies, stakeholders, and older adults, guided by user-centered design principles. User needs were assessed through secondary data analysis, demographic and health profiles from administrative data, and interviews and surveys of community partners. A comparative usability evaluation was conducted with 10 older adults to assess the usability of Empower@Home compared to 2 similar programs. Field testing was conducted with 4 end users to detect additional usability issues.

Results
Feedback and recommendations from community partners heavily influenced the content and design of Empower@Home. The intervention consists of 9 sessions, including psychoeducation and an introduction to cognitive behavioral therapy skills and tools through short video clips, in-session exercises, an animated storyline, and weekly out-of-session home practice. A printed workbook accompanies the web-based lessons. In comparative usability testing (N=10), Empower@Home received a System Usability Scale score of 78 (SD 7.4), which was significantly higher than the 2 comparator programs (t9=3.28; P=.005 and t9=2.78; P=.011). Most participants, 80% (n=8), preferred Empower@Home over the comparators. In the longitudinal field test (n=4), all participants reported liking the program procedures and feeling confident in performing program-related tasks. The single-subject line graph showed an overall downward trend in their depression scores over time, offering an encouraging indication of the intervention’s potential effects.

Conclusions
Collaboration with community stakeholders and careful consideration of potential implementation issues during the design process can result in more usable, engaging, and effective digital mental health interventions.
The Journey of Zanzibar’s Digitally Enabled Community Health Program to National Scale: Implementation Report
Authors: Layer Erica , Slim Salim , Mussa Issa , Al-Mafazy Abdul-Wahid , Besana Giulia V R , Msellem Mwinyi , Fulcher Isabel , Hornung Heiko , Lampariello Riccardo 
Published: August 2023

Background
While high-quality primary health care services can meet 80%-90% of health needs over a person’s lifetime, this potential is severely hindered in many low-resource countries by a constrained health care system. There is a growing consensus that effectively designed, resourced, and managed community health worker programs are a critical component of a well-functioning primary health system, and digital technology is recognized as an important enabler of health systems transformation.

Objective
In this implementation report, we describe the design and rollout of Zanzibar’s national, digitally enabled community health program–Jamii ni Afya.

Methods
Since 2010, D-tree International has partnered with the Ministry of Health Zanzibar to pilot and generate evidence for a digitally enabled community health program, which was formally adopted and scaled nationally by the government in 2018. Community health workers use a mobile app that guides service delivery and data collection for home-based health services, resulting in comprehensive service delivery, access to real-time data, efficient management of resources, and continuous quality improvement.

Results
The Zanzibar government has documented increases in the delivery of health facilities among pregnant women and reductions in stunting among children younger than 5 years since the community health program has scaled. Key success factors included starting with the health challenge and local context rather than the technology, usage of data for decision-making, and extensive collaboration with local and global partners and funders. Lessons learned include the significant time it takes to scale and institutionalize a digital health systems innovation due to the time to generate evidence, change opinions, and build capacity.

Conclusions
Jamii ni Afya represents one of the world’s first examples of a nationally scaled digitally enabled community health program. This implementation report outlines key successes and lessons learned, which may have applicability to other governments and partners working to sustainably strengthen primary health systems.
An mHealth Text Messaging Program Providing Symptom Detection Training and Psychoeducation to Improve Hypoglycemia Self-Management: Intervention Development Study
Authors: Lin Yu Kuei , Aikens James E , de Zoysa Nicole , Hall Diana , Funnell Martha , Nwankwo Robin , Kloss Kate , DeJonckheere Melissa J , Pop-Busui Rodica , Piatt Gretchen A , Amiel Stephanie A , Piette John D 
Published: August 2023

Background
Hypoglycemia remains a challenge for roughly 25% of people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) despite using advanced technologies such as continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) or automated insulin delivery systems. Factors impacting hypoglycemia self-management behaviors (including reduced ability to detect hypoglycemia symptoms and unhelpful hypoglycemia beliefs) can lead to hypoglycemia development in people with T1D who use advanced diabetes technology.

Objective
This study aims to develop a scalable, personalized mobile health (mHealth) behavioral intervention program to improve hypoglycemia self-management and ultimately reduce hypoglycemia in people with T1D who use advanced diabetes technology.

Methods
We (a multidisciplinary team, including clinical and health psychologists, diabetes care and education specialists, endocrinologists, mHealth interventionists and computer engineers, qualitative researchers, and patient partners) jointly developed an mHealth text messaging hypoglycemia behavioral intervention program based on user-centered design principles. The following five iterative steps were taken: (1) conceptualization of hypoglycemia self-management processes and relevant interventions; (2) identification of text message themes and message content development; (3) message revision; (4) patient partner assessments for message readability, language acceptability, and trustworthiness; and (5) message finalization and integration with a CGM data–connected mHealth SMS text message delivery platform. An mHealth web-based SMS text message delivery platform that communicates with a CGM glucose information-sharing platform was also developed.

Results
The mHealth SMS text messaging hypoglycemia behavioral intervention program HypoPals, directed by patients’ own CGM data, delivers personalized intervention messages to (1) improve hypoglycemia symptom detection and (2) elicit self-reflection, provide fact-based education, and suggest practical health behaviors to address unhelpful hypoglycemia beliefs and promote hypoglycemia self-management. The program is designed to message patients up to 4 times per day over a 10-week period.

Conclusions
A rigorous conceptual framework, a multidisciplinary team (including patient partners), and behavior change techniques were incorporated to create a scalable, personalized mHealth SMS text messaging behavioral intervention. This program was systematically developed to improve hypoglycemia self-management in advanced diabetes technology users with T1D. A clinical trial is needed to evaluate the program’s efficacy for future clinical implementation.
Assessment of Natural Moisture Availability of Turkestan Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Aldazhanova Gulnar , Mustafayev Zhumakhan , Tuletayev Askhat , Skorintseva Irina , Kuderin Amanzhol 
Published: August 2023

To increase the level of management efficiency in the agricultural sector of the economy, it is necessary to ensure the implementation of the sustainable environmental management principles, taking into account the spatial patterns of climate change and bioclimatic potential of the territory. The assessment of natural moisture availability of the natural areas of the Turkestan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 1941-2020 (by providing a comparative analysis of indicators for 1941-1960 and 2001-2020) was conducted based on the use of the natural moisture coefficient and hydrothermal index or "dryness index" predicated on energy resources (total of biologically active air temperatures above 10°С, photosynthetically active radiation, evaporating capacity and water consumption of agricultural land). The conducted survey has used the proven domestic, international and proprietary methods according to estimates of natural water availability in the natural areas. The results of a comparative analysis of climatic indices changes in the natural areas of the Turkestan region (by sixteen weather bureau stations) for 1941 to 2020 have shown that there is an increase in average annual air temperatures in all natural areas, and the annual precipitation tends downward which affects the formation of energy resources and natural water supply. The identified features of changes in the natural moisture coefficient and hydrothermal index or "dryness index" in natural area of Turkestan region, make it possible to adjust the spread of its boundaries and consider these changes in the territorial organization of agricultural nature management.
Removing the “Reasonable Punishment” Defence in Wales
Authors: Holland Sally 
Published: August 2023

In January 2020, the Welsh parliament passed the Children (Abolition of Defence of Reasonable Punishment) (Wales) Act to repeal the “reasonable punishment” defence. The Act states that “corporal punishment of a child taking place in Wales cannot be justified in any civil or criminal proceedings on the ground that it constituted reasonable punishment.” The Act also compels the Welsh Government to promote public awareness and to monitor and report on the impacts of the ban three and five years after coming into force. The Act received Royal Assent on March 20, 2020 and came into force two years later. This article traces the history of the campaign to prohibit corporal punishment by parents and those acting in loco parentis. Factors relating to the government, the population and civil society which may contributed to success in Wales are laid out. Some factors are addressed that may explain the lack of progress so far in Wales’s nearest neighbour, England.
Informativeness of Internal Control Weakness Disclosure on Acquirers’ M&A Decisions
Authors: Chan Koon Hung , Mo Phyllis Lai Lan , Yorke Sally Mingle 
Published: August 2023

SYNOPSIS
We empirically examine the relevance of the disclosure of internal control weaknesses (ICWs) by target firms for acquirers in making their merger-and-acquisition (M&A) decisions. We find that acquirers offer lower premiums for targets that disclose ICWs (ICW targets) before acquisition in comparison with targets that disclose effective internal controls (non-ICW targets). We also find that acquirers offer less cash (versus stock) for ICW targets in comparison with non-ICW targets. Overall, results indicate that ICW disclosure by targets is informative to acquirers. Practically, we contribute to the literature by identifying the relevance of ICW disclosure as a reliable public source of information that can help mitigate the negative impact on acquirers acquiring target firms with poor financial reporting quality.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: G34; D81; M41; M4.
Socializing Remote Newcomers in Public Accounting: Challenges and Best Practices from the Perspective of Experienced Big 4 Professionals
Authors: Bailey Charles D. , Dalton Derek W. , Harp Nancy L. , Phillips Thomas J. 
Published: August 2023

SYNOPSIS
Accounting firms increasingly provide remote or hybrid work options to attract qualified professionals, but they must also effectively socialize new employees to develop and retain them. This study explores the effect of remote work on newcomer socialization. Rather than surveying remote newcomers who have less understanding of what “successful” socialization means, we ask 122 experienced Big 4 professionals about the impact of remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic on socialization. Respondents report that every aspect of socialization is impacted by remote work. Although participants perceive that newcomers are able to learn technical skills (e.g., how to complete work tasks) remotely, they are less able to learn about firm expectations (e.g., client interactions). Participants believe remote newcomers are less able to form bonds with coworkers and clients and are less committed to their firm. Best practices for remote socialization are discussed (e.g., virtual audit rooms) to assist accounting firms.
The Influence of Controllability and Outcome Valence on Cost-Shifting
Authors: Cohen Jeffrey , Fehrenbacher Dennis D. , Schulz Axel K.-D. , Weisner Martin 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
In a setting that considers both operational and accounting decentralization, we propose that controllability and outcome valence effects (i.e., positive versus negative contractual outcomes for managers) interact to affect managers’ misreporting behavior. Experimental results show that the level of cost-shifting under negative outcome valence is relatively invariant to the amount of control over a project’s results, whereas the decision to engage in cost-shifting under positive outcome valence is contingent upon whether the manager had control or not. We contribute to the management accounting literature on contract framing and misreporting and extend research on how decentralization choices affect managers’ use of private information, with direct implications for practice. Our results suggest that limiting individual managers’ operational control primarily to constrain misreporting may only be beneficial when contracts stipulate positive outcomes for managers.
The Social Mortality Gradient and Social Mobility: New Insights from Early Scottish Chartered Accountants
Authors: Merkoulova Yulia , Paisey Catriona 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
This paper examines the prevalence and benefits of upward social mobility in the early accountancy profession by analyzing the lifespan of chartered accountants admitted to membership in Scotland between 1853 and 1940. We find that 76 percent of the chartered accountants in our sample experienced upward social mobility, a greater percentage than found in previous studies. The chartered accountants in our sample experienced an average life expectancy premium of approximately three years over the general population, irrespective of social origins, and were less likely to die from most preventable causes than the general population. Upwardly mobile chartered accountants achieved lifespans consistent with their achieved professional status rather than their previous social class. While the findings confirm the existence of a social mortality gradient, the increase in longevity is likely attributable to the superior resources of higher social class and other factors affecting self-selection into the accountancy profession.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: I1; I3; M4; N3.
Deceiving Two Masters: The Effects of Labor Market Incentives on Reporting Bias and Market Efficiency
Authors: Feller Miró , Schäfer Ulrich 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
We study a model in which financial reports are used in labor markets to learn about managerial talent. A manager manipulates reports to influence the labor market assessment of his talent. If investors are uncertain about the manager’s incentives, manipulation introduces noise into the report and reduces its usefulness for the capital market. We consider price informativeness and expected reporting bias as measures of capital market efficiency and develop novel empirical predictions. We show that higher uncertainty about the manager’s contribution to firm value can decrease price informativeness and earnings response coefficients. Intuitively, supplemental disclosures about managerial talent can mitigate the detrimental consequences of uncertain labor market incentives. Perhaps surprisingly, we show that the usefulness of such supplemental disclosures may increase in their susceptibility to manipulation.