bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of an Inhibitor of the Fixation of C1 on Immunoglobulin G Produced by “Sensitized” Lymphocytes
Authors: Fridman Wolf H. , Nelson Robert A. , Liabeuf André 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
“Sensitized” lymphocytes from rats, mice, and human beings were cultured in the presence of the immunizing antigen for 24 hr in a serum-free system. Under these conditions the lymphocytes released a soluble factor which prevented the combination of C1 with antigen-IgG complexes. This factor prevented the fixation of guinea-pig C1, as well as the fixation of rat, human and hamster C1. The fixation of C1 on antigen-IgM complexes was not blocked. After purification of this factor from rat lymphocytes, it was shown to have a m.w. of about 150,000, a sedimentation constant of 7S, an electrophoretic mobility of a γ-globulin and an isoelectric point of 6.30. It was remarkably stable both at 56°C and over a wide range of pH values. When used either in a soluble purified state or as a complex with antigen-IgG antibody it did not combine with non-aggregated IgG in the fluid phase, nor did it destroy C1 in serum.
Studies on C Binding to Immunoglobulin
Authors: Capel Peter , Pondman Karel W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
7S IgG1 myeloma protein coupled to Sepharose 4B is used for demonstration of C component fixation to 7S immunoglobulin with fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled specific anti-C antibodies. While evaluation of results with normal immunofluorescence techniques is difficult, this is considerably improved by using a homogeneous partition of protein on Sepharose particles with smooth surface and a photoelectric cell coupled to the microscope. Relevant details of the method will be communicated.
It will be shown further that monomolecular layers of IgG1 cover each Sepharose surface when 1 mg IgG1/ml of packed Sepharose is coupled. Any further coupling of IgG1 limits accessibility of the G antigenic sites of the molecule. C component or fragment fixation experiments with optimally bound IgG1 and diluted human serum and anti-C1q, -C4, -C3B and -C3c show specific fluorescence for C1q, C4 and C3c. Specific C3B fluorescence is negative. With purified C1-esterase, C4 is placed on Sepharose-coupled IgG1.
C Activation in Vitro in Serum of a Patient with Focal Glomerulonephritis and Recurrent Upper Respiratory Infections
Authors: Day Noorbibi K. , Good Robert A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Recently a unique, previously undescribed, form of C activation has been observed in a patient with recurrent upper respiratory infections and focal glomerulonephritis. At 0°C, there is a dramatic drop of hemolytic C, C3 and properdin associated with conversion of C3 to C3a and C3b within 6 hr. At 37°C, these changes are less apparent. Conversion of isolated human 125I C3 occurs when the patient's serum previously left at 0°C for 6 hr is incubated with 125I C3 overnight in the cold. Similar observations were not evident with normal human serum. While conversion of C3PA occurs only when fresh serum is treated with inulin and not after incubation at 0°C, conversion of C3PA occurs with activated hydrazine factor (HSFa) in fresh and cold incubated serum. The enzyme (FMC) responsible in the patient's serum is heat labile (56°C, 30 min), is inhibited by heparin 25 units/ml, and is activated by the patient's IgA.
Anti-C Effects of Two Anti-Inflammatory (AI) Agents, Niflumic and Flufenamic Acids
Authors: Harrity Thomas W. , Goldlust Marvin B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Two anthranilic acid type AI agents, niflumic acid (Nif) and its benzene analog, flufenamic acid (Flu), were examined for anti-C activity in vitro. The effects of these agents were examined in kinetic assays of the uptake of C1̄, C2, C3, and C5 by sensitized red cells (EA) at 25°C with isolated guinea pig C components. Flu was consistently more inhibitory than Nif at comparable concentrations in the test systems studied. Nif, Flu and phlorizin (Pz), each at 9 × 10-4 M, decreased the rates of uptake of C components (site formation) by EA-C complexes as shown in Table I.
At 9 × 10-4 M, Flu prevented the activation of C2 by EAC1̄4 by 68%. Neither C3 nor C5 activation was affected by the agents. 5 reactivity was decreased by Nif (8%) and Flu (68%) at 9 × 10-4 M at 25°C, while Pz had no effect.
Reversible Super-Activation of IgM-Sensitized EAC1 at Low Temperature
Authors: Linscott W. D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
IgM-sensitized EAC1 are known to bind less C4 in the cold than at higher temperatures, yet the C4 bound in the cold is more efficient hemolytically than that fixed at 37°C. It has now been determined that when IgM-sensitized EAC1 are placed at 0°C they undergo a progressive “super-activation,” during which there is a pronounced increase in their ability to fix C4 in a hemolytically competent configuration. Upon return to 20°C or 30°C this activated state is rapidly lost, but can be regained upon transfer back to the cold. Once C4 has been fixed to a cell, its competent or incompetent status is unaffected by subsequent temperature changes or removal and replacement of C1. A low ionic strength buffer is essential to the above experiments to prevent C1 dissociation at 0°C.
Opsonization (OP) of Boiled Bakers' Yeast Particles (Y) and Phagocytosis (PH) by Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes (PMN)
Authors: Nilsson Ulf , Wyman Susanne , Gall Eric 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
PH of Y or 125I-labeled Y was quantitated microscopically and radioactively. An average of 4.05 ± 0.3 Y/PMN (170,000 cpm) was ingested in the presence of normal human serum (NS) diluted 1:20; whereas only 1.45 ± 0.3 Y/PMN (70,000 cpm) were ingested in the absence of NS. OP was unaffected by heating NS at 50°C for 30 sec or after adsorption of NS with Y. OP was reduced by 48% in the presence of 0.005 M EDTA or EGTA, by 60% after heating of NS at 56°C for 30 min, and by 42% after treatment of NS with 1 M KCNS (KCNS-ser). A 45% reduction of OP was also seen in C5-deficient (5DS) (Miller and Nilsson) as well as in C7-deficient (7DS) human serum (Boyer, to be published). OP was fully restored in the following recombinations: (5DS + C5), (7D5 + C7), (5DS + 7DS), (KCNS-ser + C3 + C5); but not in the following recombinations: (5DS + C7), (7DS + C5), (KCNS-ser + C3), (KCNs-ser + C5).
Lupus Erythematosus: Comparison of Functional Activities vs Protein Concentrations of C3 and C4, Antinuclear Antibody Levels, and Skin Immunofluorescence
Authors: Schultz D. R. , Jackson A. L. , Dobes W. L. , Krapohl N. J. , Young D. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lupus erythematosus (LE) is an immunemediated disease which may feature profound degenerative and inflammatory reactions. Sera and biopsy specimens from patients with LE were tested in four different assays. Serum C3 and C4 levels were measured by functional hemolytic titrations and by quantification in radial immunodiffusion plates by using antisera to β1C/β1A and C4 (β1E). Antinuclear antibody (ANA) levels were determined by an indirect immunofluorescent method with mouse fibroblast cells and conjugated anti-IgG (kappa and lambda) antiserum. Skin immunofluorescence (SI) was determined with biopsy material from involved and uninvolved skin areas, with conjugated monospecific anti-IgG, IgM, IgA, and β1C/β1A antisera.
The results showed a significant number of patients with normal C3 and C4 protein values, but decreased functional hemolytic titers (28%). A smaller group of patients had depressed C3 and C4 protein values but normal functional hemolytic activities.
The Properdin System: Identification of a Factor Activated by Zymosan Which Interacts with Properdin to Convert C3
Authors: Spitzer R. E. , Stitzel A. E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human serum contains a substance which is activated by zymosan and which will mediate the conversion of C3 at 37°C. This factor has been isolated in its activated form and purified to the extent that it gives a single band in acrylamide gel and an antiserum which is monospecific. The activated factor has a marked anodal migration in acrylamide gel, is an α-globulin with an approximate m.w. of 70,000, is stable to heating to 50°C and treatment with 0.15 M hydrazine and will fix to zymosan or an immune precipitate at 0°C. In a concentration of approximately 5 × 10-3 µg/ml, this activated factor will effect a 90% reduction in C3–C9 hemolytic activity of normal serum at 37°C accompanied by conversion of C3 and cleavage of C3PA. The activated factor fails, however, to reduce significantly the C3–C9 hemolytic activity of an properdin-depleted reagent (RP); addition of purified properdin isolated from serum by TEAE and carboxymethyl cellulose Sephadex chromatography restores this ability.
DNP-Antigens Activate the Alternate Pathway of the Complement System
Authors: König Wolfgang , Bitter-Suermann Dieter , Dierich Manfred , Limbert Michael , Schorlemmer Hans-Ulrich , Hadding Ulrich 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Dinitrophenyl-human serum albumin (DNP-HSA) preparations activate C3 via the alternate pathway of the complement system depending on the grade of DNP substitution. This potency seems to be due to the polyanionic character of DNP-HSA and thus resembles in its behavior other polyanions.
The Role of Activated Macrophages in Specific and Nonspecific Cytostasis of Tumor Cells
Authors: Krahenbuhl James L. , Remington Jack S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Peritoneal macrophages but not peritoneal lymphocytes from mice chronically infected with the intracellular protozoan parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Besnoitia jellisoni had a marked cytostatic effect on a variety of tumor target cells. Cytostasis was quantitatively measured as an inhibition in uptake of tritium labeled thymidine (3H-TdR) by L cells, EMT-6 adenosarcoma, and lymphomas syngeneic for DBA/2 and C57BL mice within 6 hr after culture in vitro with protozoal-activated macrophages. Slight or no cytostasis was effected by normal macrophages from unstimulated mice or mice injected i.p. with starch or thioglycollate. Whereas the cytostatic capabilities of protozoal activated macrophages were directed nonspecifically against several types of tumor target cells regardless of histocompatability, specific cytostasis was demonstrated by macrophages from inbred mice immunized with allogeneic mouse lymphoma cells.
Mouse Strain-Specific Idiotypy and Interstrain Idiotypic Cross-Reactions
Authors: Briles David E. , Krause Richard M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Genetic studies with the crosses and backcrosses of SWR/J and A/J mice indicate that the idiotypic determinants of Group A streptococcal antibodies segregate in a Mendelian fashion. The idiotypic reactions were inhibited with phenyl-β-N-acetyl-glucosaminide which contains immunodominant determinants of the Group A carbohydrate.
Some of the absorbed idiotypic antisera to SWR/J and A/J Group A antibodies failed to detect strain-specific idiotypic determinants. Such anti-idiotypic sera exhibited interstrain idiotypic cross-reactions with the Group A antibodies from a number of different mouse strains. These idiotypic cross-reactions were also inhibited by phenyl-β-N-acetyl-glucosaminide, a finding which suggests that these interstrain idiotypic cross-reactions are dependent at least in part on site-associated determinants.
Reaginic Antibody Formation in the Mouse
Authors: Okudaira Kirokazu , Ishizaka Kimishige 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An adoptive transfer system for an IgE anti-hapten antibody response was established in DBA/1 mice with dinitrophenylated ovalbumin (DNP-OA) and keyhole lympet hemocyanin (DNP-KLH) as antigens. Maximal anti-DNP IgE antibody response was obtained by transfer of DNP-primed cells and carrier-specific cells for the secondary carrier to irradiated syngeneic mice, followed by challenge with DNP-secondary carrier conjugate in saline, a procedure which does not induce a primary IgE antibody response. Recipients of hapten-primed cells or carrier-specific cells alone showed meager or no IgE antibody response. Effect of aluminum hydroxide gel (alum) with antigen for carrier immunization and hapten priming was studied by the adoptive transfer technique. It was found that immunization of donors of carrier-specific cells with OA in saline, which did not induce either IgG or IgE antibody response, resulted in a high level of helper function for both IgE and IgG anti-hapten antibody responses in the adoptive response of DNP-KLH-primed cells to DNP-OA. Similarly, addition of a low dose alum with KLH was sufficient for carrier priming for helper function with respect to the anti-DNP IgE antibody response. It was shown, however, that alum had a significant effect on hapten priming. Recipients of the spleen cells from donors primed with DNP-OA or DNP-KLH plus a high dose (1 mg) alum gave much higher anti-hapten IgE antibody response than the recipients of DNP-primed cells obtained by priming with the same protein in saline. Animals primed with DNP-KLH with a low (50 µg) dose alum gave IgG but no IgE secondary response. In spite of the presence of both carrier-specific helper cells and hapten-primed precursors for IgE antibody response, these animals gave rise to a secondary IgG antibody response but failed to show IgE antibody response upon a booster injection with DNP-KLH in saline. If their spleen cells were transferred to irradiated animals, the recipients showed high IgE and low IgG antibody responses upon injection of DNP-KLH in saline. These results suggest that secondary IgE antibody response is enhanced in irradiated recipients.
A New One-Step Method for the Functional Assay of the Fourth Component (C4) of Human and Guinea Pig Complement
Authors: Gaither Thelma A. , Alling David W. , Frank Michael M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A simple one-step method for the molecular titration of functional C4 has been developed. This method utilizes serum from the C4D strain of guinea pigs as a reagent supplying all components except C4 in relative excess. Guinea pig C4 titers obtained with this method are slightly higher than titers obtained with classical functional method. In assay of human C4, titers obtained are more than 4-fold higher than those obtained with the classical functional method.
The correlation between the classical and C4D methods of C4 titration is excellent and the C4D method has less inherent variability as shown by an analysis of variance. Some of the factors which determine the end point in C4 titration by this method have been examined in detail as has been the usefulness of the method for sera of various species. The method has been used in a longitudinal study of C4 levels in nine normal subjects. In this group the range of normal titers was wide. Most, but not all, individuals showed remarkable stability in their C4 titers over long periods of time.
In Vitro Antibody Formation by Human Tonsil Lymphocytes
Authors: Watanabe Takeshi , Yoshizaki Kazuyuki , Yagura Takayasu , Yamamura Yuichi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In vitro antibody formation by human lymphocytes was observed against hapten-protein conjugates by using human palatine tonsil cells in the presence of an optimum concentration of 2-mercaptoethanol. Relatively pure populations of B and T lymphocytes were prepared by the method of Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation to investigate cellular mechanism of antibody formation by human lymphocytes. Maximum response to hapten-protein conjugates was observed in vitro when T and B cells were mixed at an optimal ratio. Little response occurred when each cell alone was cultured with antigen. Depletion of glass-adherent cells also resulted in diminution of the anti-hapten response. These data indicated that three kinds of cells—T cells, B cells, and glass-adherent cells—are essentially necessary for in vitro primary antibody formation by human tonsil cells.
Lymphocyte Plasma Membranes
Authors: Zimmerman Barry 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the present study it was shown that heterologous anti-human lymphocytic sera (ALS) specifically bound isotopically labeled surface antigens. The antigen-binding capacity of ALS was quantitative and different antisera had differing potencies and specificities. The antigens bound by ALS were species-specific when cross-reactivity was tested between phylogenetically distant species. There was, however, partial sharing of the lymphocyte antigens with human liver, kidney, and brain, although not with red cells and serum. Antigenic differences were demonstrated between human thymus lymphocytes (THY) and cultured human lymphoblasts (CHL) with ALS raised against thymus [ALS(THY)] or lymphoblasts [ALS(CHL)]. Differences between the antigens bound from labeled THY and labeled CHL were also noted on polyacrylamide-SDS gel electrophoresis of the solubilized precipitates. When lymphocytes from peripheral blood (PBL) and tonsil (TON) were compared to THY and CHL with ALS (THY) and ALS (CHL) the PBL resembled THY whereas TON gave results intermediate to THY and CHL.
Immunologic Reactions to Haptens on Autologous Carriers
Authors: Walters Curla S. , Claman Henry N. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Specific tolerance to the hapten NIP was induced in mice with a highly substituted conjugate the NIP-MGG (NIP-mouse γ-globulin). A correlation was made between tolerance at the serum level (as measured by the absence of NIP antibody) and tolerance at the cellular level as measured by absence of antigen-specific DNA synthesis. Different schedules were used for tolerance induction. Hapten-specific tolerance could be induced if soluble NIP-MGG was injected from 8 days before to 2 days after immunogen. At these times, tolerance was seen by both depression of serum anti-NIP antibody and suppression of antigen-driven DNA synthesis in vitro.
Both partial cross-stimulation and partial cross-tolerance were seen. In cross-stimulation, cells from mice immunized with NIP-MSA responded in vitro to NIP-MGG-this response was greatly reduced if the mice were also tolerized in vivo with soluble NIP-MGG. In cross-tolerance, cells from mice immunized with NIP-MSA and tolerized with NIP-MGG showed a reduced response to NIP-MSA in vitro.
We interpret these reults to mean that NIP-specific cells were generated in vivo by immunization, that these cells also responded to hapten in vitro, and that they could also be tolerized in vivo. In addition, however, there are cells specific for new antigenic determinants (NAD) formed by coupling NIP to carriers. These NAD-specific cells can also be generated in vivo and stimulated in vitro but are not susceptible to cross-stimulation or cross-tolerance by NIP on other carriers.
Radioresistance of Some Biologic Properties of Mouse Mast Cells
Authors: Kojima Somei , Ovary Zoltan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mast cells taken 11 or 25 days after a sublethal irradiation (540 R) formed rosettes with antibody-coated sheep erythrocytes in the same number as in control non-irradiated mice. The threshold of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reactions with mouse IgG1 or IgE antibody 2 to 7 days after irradiation was the same in sublethally (540 R), or lethally (780 R), irradiated mice as it was in controls.
The Effect of Estrogen on the Incorporation of 3H-Thymidine by PHA-Stimulated Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
Authors: Ablin Richard J. , Bruns Gailon R. , Guinan Patrick , Bush Irving M. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The incorporation of 3H-thymidine by PHA-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy adult males was significantly (p 0.002) suppressed in the presence of diethylstilbestrol diphosphate. The observed suppression of blastogenesis in the presence of exogenous estrogen suggests that the palliative effects of estrogenic therapy in the clinical treatment of patients with hormonally-responsive tumors may be countered by its adverse effect of the host's cell-mediated immunologic responsiveness.
Basophilic Leukocytes in Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions
Authors: Katz Stephen I. , Heather Christopher J. , Parker Darien , Turk John L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In guinea pigs, basophilic leukocytes constitute a high proportion of the cells infiltrating allergic contact, Jones-Mote and tuberculin-like reactions, when elicited 1 week after sensitization with 2,4 dinitrofluorobenzene, ovalbumin (OA) in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) and OA in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), respectively. When animals are pretreated with one dose (300 mg/kg) of cyclophosphamide, 3 days before sensitization, allergic contact and Jones-Mote reactions, elicited 7 days after sensitization, are increased in intensity and induration and prolonged, whereas the tuberculin-like reactions are somewhat reduced in intensity. The percentages of basophils infiltrating all these altered reactions are markedly reduced. Thus, delayed-in-onset skin reactions may occur in guinea pigs immunized with proteins in FIA or FCA or in contact-sensitized animals in the presence or absence of basophils.
Immunologic Functions of Isolated Human Lymphocyte Subpopulations
Authors: Chess Leonard , MacDermott Richard P. , Schlossman Stuart F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A Sephadex G-200 immunoabsorbent column bound with pure rabbit antihuman Fab was used to fractionate human peripheral lymphocytes. Two distinct populations of cells were quantitatively recovered. The cells passing directly through the column without binding were T cells, as judged by both immunofluorescent and E rosetting properties. On the other hand, the retained cells which could be specifically and quantitatively eluted with human Ig were τ;97% B cells, as judged by the fluorescence and rosetting criteria. Both T and B cells incorporated 3H-thymidine significantly in response to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen, while neither population proliferated in response to endotoxin or antihuman Fab. The blast cells induced by mitogen in T or B cell cultures retained their cell surface characteristics. T cell blasts were devoid of surface Ig while τ;90% B cell blasts had Ig on their cell surface.
Antibody-Induced Redistribution of Measles Virus Antigens on the Cell Surface
Authors: Joseph Barry S. , Oldstone Michael B. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Antibody specific for measles virus can redistribute (cap) measles virus antigens on infected cells in culture. Capping of measles virus antigens at the cell surface requires active cell metabolism and multivalent antibody. Capping was inhibited with oligomycin D, vinblastine sulfate, colchicine, and cytochalasin B, suggesting that ATP production and functioning microfilaments and microtubles are involved in the capping process.
Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Responses to Two Hepatitis B Virus Antigens in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Gerety Robert J. , Hoofnagle Jay H. , Barker Lewellys F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The ability of two purified, particulate hepatitis B virus antigens to induce antibodies and delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity responses was studied in Hartley guinea pigs. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was purified by several methods from the plasmas of human, chronic HBsAg carriers, while hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) was purified from chimpanzee liver by ultracentrifugation. Guinea pigs immunized with the HBsAg preparations developed anti-HBs in the absence of anti-HBc but delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to HBsAg were seen clearly only in animals immunized with high doses of the most highly purified HBsAg preparation. Guinea pigs immunized with the HBcAg preparation developed anti-HBc in the absence of anti-HBs, and showed delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to HBcAg in the absence of reactions to a chimpanzee liver-derived control antigen. No skin reactivity was seen to HBcAg in guinea pigs immunized with HBsAg. Similarly, guinea pigs immunized with HBcAg showed no skin reactivity to HBsAg. It was concluded that both HBsAg and HBcAg are capable of inducing distinct humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in Hartley guinea pigs.