bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strength of partially frozen sand under triaxial compression
Authors: Liang Yawu , Beier Nicholas A. , Sego D.C. 
Published: January 2023

To investigate the effect of the pore matrix (i.e., ice and unfrozen water) on the strength of partially frozen sand, a series of triaxial compression tests with internal pore water pressure (PWP) measurements were performed. Both dense and loose saline sand samples were prepared by rapidly freezing the samples and then slowly warming the samples to, and subsequently shearing at the temperature of −3 °C. Test results indicate the temperature only affects the effective cohesion, not the effective friction angle of sand. The pore ice stress was estimated using Ladanyi and Morel’s 1990 postulate on the internal stresses within frozen soil; the stress (hydrostatic) change in pore ice was reflected by an equal change in PWP in the partially frozen loose sand. Based on Ladanyi and Morel’s 1990 concept of internal confinement in frozen sand, a Mohr–Coulomb model that uses effective failure and residual friction angles from unfrozen sand to estimate the strength of partially frozen sand is presented. The proposed model reflects how the pore matrix contributes to the strength of partially frozen sand. For loose sand, the peak strength is enhanced by the internal confinement and cohesion resulting from the pore water (suction) and pore ice, respectively. For dense sand, only pore ice affects the peak strength by incorporating the internal confinement and cohesion.
Generalized 11D supergravity equations from tri-vector deformations
Authors: Bakhmatov Ilya , Çatal-Özer Aybike , Deger Nihat Sadik , Gubarev Kirill , Musaev Edvard T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn Bakhmatov et al. (Phys. Rev. D 105(8): L081904, 2022) we presented a modification of 11-dimensional supergravity field equations which upon dimensional reduction yields generalized supergravity equations in 10-dimensions. In this paper we provide full technical details of that result which is based on SL(5) exceptional field theory. The equations are obtained by making a non-unimodular tri-vector Yang-Baxter deformation which breaks the initial local diffeomorphism symmetry in 11 dimensions down to separate coordinate transformations in external 7 and internal 4 directions. We also give some non-trivial solutions to these equations.
On the possibility of extracting part of a beam of negatively charged particles from an accelerator using a bent crystal
Authors: Kyryllin I. V. , Shul’ga N. F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe efficiency of deflection of high-energy negatively charged particles by a bent crystal using planar channeling and stochastic deflection mechanism is compared. The comparison is carried out on the example of antiprotons with kinetic energy from 1 to 14 GeV, which will be achievable on accelerators of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research. The comparison showed that both deflection mechanisms make it possible to deflect a part of the antiproton beam in the specified energy range by angles of the order of several hundred microradians, which significantly exceed the critical angle of planar channeling. At the same time, the stochastic deflection mechanism makes it possible to deflect particles at much larger angles than planar channeling.
Are There Specific Cancer Stem Cell Markers?
Authors: Lan Linxiang , Behrens Axel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) model states that heterogeneous tumor cell populations are organized in a hierarchical manner, with a small population of CSCs at the apex. These CSCs are capable of self-renewal and giving rise to other cancer cell populations, conceptually analogous to the function of normal adult stem cells present in almost all organs. However, there has been significant controversy regarding the existence and identification of CSCs. We argue that technical differences in experimentation and CSC assays, CSC niche-dependency and plasticity, and CSC heterogeneity itself may explain some of the differences observed.
Brain Areas Critical for Picture Naming: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Lesion-Symptom Mapping Studies
Authors: Piai Vitória , Eikelboom Dilys 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Lesion-symptom mapping (LSM) studies have revealed brain areas critical for naming, typically finding significant associations between damage to left temporal, inferior parietal, and inferior fontal regions and impoverished naming performance. However, specific subregions found in the available literature vary. Hence, the aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of published lesion-based findings, obtained from studies with unique cohorts investigating brain areas critical for accuracy in naming in stroke patients at least 1 month post-onset. An anatomic likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of these LSM studies was performed. Ten papers entered the ALE meta-analysis, with similar lesion coverage over left temporal and left inferior frontal areas. This small number is a major limitation of the present study. Clusters were found in left anterior temporal lobe, posterior temporal lobe extending into inferior parietal areas, in line with the arcuate fasciculus, and in pre- and postcentral gyri and middle frontal gyrus. No clusters were found in left inferior frontal gyrus. These results were further substantiated by examining five naming studies that investigated performance beyond global accuracy, corroborating the ALE meta-analysis results. The present review and meta-analysis highlight the involvement of left temporal and inferior parietal cortices in naming, and of mid to posterior portions of the temporal lobe in particular in conceptual-lexical retrieval for speaking.
Delayed Impacts of ENSO on the Frequency of Summer Extreme Hot Days in the Asian Monsoon Region. Part II: Implication for Seasonal Prediction
Authors: Lu Xinyu , Yuan Chaoxia , Luo Jing-Jia , Yamagata Toshio 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Understanding and predicting extreme weather and climate are ultimately important for adaptation and resilience. Here, we assess the prediction skills of frequency of summer extreme hot days (SEHDs) in the Asian monsoon region (AMR) by using the 1981–2014 hindcasts of the Predictive Ocean Atmosphere Model for Australia version 2 (POAMA-2) subseasonal-to-seasonal prediction system. Generally, the good prediction skills of SEHD frequency appear in the southern AMR south of 30°N including the Indian subcontinent, Indo-China peninsula, and the Philippines; the anomaly correlation coefficients between the observed and predicted region-mean SEHD anomalies are 0.72, 0.72, 0.70, 0.60, 0.61, and 0.61 at 1–6 months lead, respectively, all statistically significant at the 99.9% confidence level. The high prediction skills in POAMA-2 are due to its capacity on reproducing the observed delayed ENSO impacts on the large-scale atmospheric circulation, the seasonal surface air temperature, and thus the SEHD frequency in the southern AMR via provoking the Indo–western Pacific Ocean capacitor effect. Since POAMA-2 only provides the prediction at most half a year in advance, we also conduct the hindcasts in the SINTEX-F that can reproduce well the robust ENSO–SEHD relationship and has high prediction skill of ENSO itself. Results show that skillful prediction of the region-mean SEHD frequency can be up to 14 months in advance. These results are complementary to Part I of this study that ENSO can impact the SEHDs in the AMR and provide the sources of predictability.
Effusion Prevalence at Tympanostomy During COVID-19: Follow-Up
Authors: Nguyen Dang-Khoa , Ghattas Yasmine , Maul Timothy M. , Wei Julie L. 
Published: January 2023

Objective We previously reported pandemic year (2020) intraoperative middle ear effusion (MEE) rate at time of bilateral myringotomy tube (BMT) placement was 18% lower compared to pre-pandemic year (2019). After mandatory stay at home orders (MSHO) and pandemic social distancing precautions were relaxed, we aimed to assess the impact of a persistent pandemic with new COVID-19 variants on MEE presence during BMT. Methods This study is a retrospective chart summary exempted by Nemours institutional review board at a single tertiary children’s hospital. Children < 18 years who underwent BMT during March 1, 2019–June 31, 2019 (pre-COVID), March 1, 2020–June 31, 2020 (PY1), and March 1, 2021–June 31, 2021 (PY2) were included. Statistical analysis included chi-squared and KruskalWallis. Results A total of 1069 BMTs were reviewed: 551 (52%) during pre-COVID, 227 (21%) during PY1, and 291 (27%) during PY2. There were no significant differences in age, sex, or BMI across comparison groups. Intraoperative MEE was significantly higher pre-COVID (83%) compared to PY1 (65%) and PY2 (69%) ( P < .001) despite a small rebound in PY2. Conclusion Intraoperative MEE remains lower in subsequent pandemic years despite relaxed public health measures and may be impacted by persistent public health measures like masking, lower return to daycare, variable social distancing, and/or change to access to health care.
Lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the head and neck: a SEER analysis of prognostic factors for survival
Authors: Wei Jing , Deng Hui , Wu Lihua , Song Jianbo , Zhang Junping , Yang Wenhui , Zhang Mengxian , Zhen Hongtao 
Published: January 2023

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of patients with lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) of the head and neck and the prognostic factors. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of cases of head and neck LEC retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and the log-rank test were employed to assess overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to construct Cox regression models. We established nomograms to predict OS and CSS among patients with nasopharyngeal LEC, who were divided into high- and low-risk groups based on the OS nomograms to compare the effects of treatment using the restricted mean survival time (RMST). Results The 5-year OS and CSS rates of the cohort were 70.8% and 74.8%, respectively. Advanced age, unmarried status, black race, distant metastasis, and the absence of surgical treatment were significantly associated with decreased survival rates. RMST did not differ between the combined treatment (radiotherapy and chemotherapy) and radiotherapy monotherapy groups, but chemotherapy alone displayed poor efficacy. Conclusions Head and neck LEC is associated with a favorable prognosis. Radiotherapy plays a significant role in managing patients with nasopharyngeal LEC, which is influenced by multiple prognostic factors.
Changes in Screen Time in Brazil: A Time-Series Analysis 2016-2021
Authors: Cardoso Pollyanna Costa , Caldeira Thaís Cristina Marquezine , Sousa Taciana Maia de , Claro Rafael Moreira 
Published: January 2023

Purpose To analyze the temporal trend of leisure screen time among adults in Brazil between 2016 and 2021. Design Time-series analysis of six cross-sectional surveys. Setting Data from the Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel) (2016/21). Subjects A probabilistic sample of 265 252 adults (≥18 years). Measures Time watching television (TV), or using cell phone, computer, or tablet (CCT) during leisure time, and indicators of prolonged exposure for the total population and sociodemographic groups. Analysis Prais-Winsten regression models were used to identify trends in the studied period. Results Mean time watching TV remained stable (2.3 h to 2.2 h/day) as the frequency of adults watching TV ≥ 3 hours/day (25.7% to 25.1%) for 2016/21. There was an increase in mean time spent on CCT (1.7 h to 2.0 h/day; .08 h/day/year; P < .001) and in the frequency of adults spending ≥ 3 hours/day on CCT (19.9% to 25.5%; 1.33 pp/year; P < .001) for 2016/21. The increase in screen time was relevant in all sociodemographic groups. Conclusion Leisure screen time has increased in Brazil, with greater intensity over time.
Doctors and their families
Authors: Benbow Susan Mary 
Published: January 2023

Objective This article reflects on the relationship between doctors and their families and how it influences a doctor’s health, well-being and practice and the health and well-being of other family members. It uses an established model for conceptualising this recursive relationship, drawing on systemic and communications theory, coordinated management of meaning. The article invites doctors to reflect on relational influences between them and their families across the course of their career and following retirement. Conclusion Families are important to, and influence, the well-being of their doctor-members. Likewise, doctors are important to, and influence, the health and well-being of their families.
Prothrombin Time and Coagulation Factor IX as Hemostatic Risk Markers for Legg– Calvé–Perthes Disease
Authors: Hernández-Zamora Edgar , Rodríguez-Olivas Armando Odiseo , Rosales-Cruz Erika , Galicia-Alvarado Marlene Alejandra , Zavala-Hernández Cesar , Reyes-Maldonado Elba 
Published: January 2023

Background Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease (LCPD) is a pediatric disorder that occurs due to the avascular necrosis of the femoral head and affects the range of motion of the hip in various degrees. Its etiology is still unknown, although it has been associated with coagulation abnormalities, however, the lack of reproducibility in the results in various studies has created a controversy as to whether hemostasis disorders are related to LCPD. On the other hand, there is little information on laboratory studies that could facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of LCPD. Methods Blood and plasma samples were tested from 25 patients with LCPD and 50 healthy controls, matched by sex and age. Cellular markers were evaluated through complete blood count, as well as coagulation times, coagulation factors activity, antithrombotic proteins, and homocysteine concentration. Results After assessing activity value frequencies in each group, the results showed more significant activity in some of the biological risk markers of thrombophilia, presenting a substantial difference in prothrombin time↘, FV↗, FVIII↗, FIX↗, and Hcy↗. These values imply that there may be hypercoagulable states in patients, which can cause thrombotic events. Conclusions Diminished prothrombin time and increase in FV activity, FVIII, FIX, and Hcy concentration support the hypothesis that microthrombi formation in small-caliber vessels could be causing avascularity and femoral necrosis, which are traits of LCPD. In addition, based on our results, we believe that the laboratory studies carried out are very useful in the diagnosis and treatment of LCPD.
Determining a preoperative international normalised ratio threshold safe for hip fracture surgery
Authors: Mekkawy Kevin L , Chaudhry Yash P , Mawn John G , MacMahon Aoife , Oni Julius K , Sterling Robert S , Sotsky Rachel B , Khanuja Harpal S 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The purpose of this study was first, to assess the relationship between preoperative INR (international normalised ratio) and postoperative complication rates in patients with a hip fracture, and second, to establish a threshold for INR below which the risk of complications is comparable to those in patients with a normal INR. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and found 35,910 cases who had undergone surgery for a hip fracture between 2012 and 2018. Cases were stratified into 4 groups based on their preoperative INR levels: <1.4; ⩾1.4 and <1.6; ⩾1.6 and <1.8 and ⩾1.8. These cohorts were assessed for differences in preoperative factors, intraoperative factors, and postoperative course. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the risk of transfusion, 30-day mortality, cardiac complications, and wound complications adjusting for all preoperative and intraoperative factors. Results: Of the 35,910 cases, 33,484 (93.2%) had a preoperative INR < 1.4; 867 (2.4%) an INR ⩾1.4 and <1.6; 865 (2.4%) an INR ⩾ 1.6 and <1.8 and 692 (1.9%) an INR ⩾ 1.8. A preoperative INR ⩾ 1.8 was independently associated with an increased risk of bleeding requiring transfusion. A preoperative INR ⩾ 1.6 was associated with an increased risk of mortality. Conclusions: We found that an INR of <1.6 is a safe value for patients who are to undergo surgery for a hip fracture. Below this value, patients avoid an increased risk of both transfusion and 30-day mortality seen with higher INR values. These findings may allow adjustment of preoperative protocols and improve the outcome of hip fracture surgery in this group of patients.
Evaluating the objective and subjective physical environments of residential care facilities
Authors: Mu Jingyi , Kang Jian , Zheng Sui 
Published: January 2023

The aim of this research was to explore the objective and subjective physical environments of residential care facilities (RCFs) by studying 34 facilities in Harbin, Changchun, Shenyang and Dalian. A study that combines questionnaires and instrumental testing. Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis were used to analyse the correlation between the measured value and the evaluation result and the impact on the results of the participants’ personal background evaluations. The results showed that the brightness intensity ranged from 100 to 450 cd/m2, illuminance 200–550 lx and sound pressure level (SPL) 40–58 dBA. In reconstructed RCFs (RCFs converted from other buildings), the odour and other factors were significantly positively correlated with the satisfaction of participants. Seasonal changes had a significant impact on the level of different physical environments, particularly in the assessment of the thermal environment. Temperatures were highest in bedrooms, reaching 27°C. The correlation between the measured value and the evaluated satisfaction was high. The education level of participants was related to their satisfaction with the overall Indoor environmental quality (IEQ). Participants in the study were satisfied with the overall IEQ of the RCFs. These results can provide data-based support and act as a reference for IEQ research on RCFs.
‘Power to the People, to the people’: Training for social prescribers improves support of persistent pain
Authors: Corline Alex , Cole Frances , Trewern Louise , Penlington Chris 
Published: January 2023

Introduction Supported self-management is an important aspect of managing pain, however widely held beliefs about the biomedical nature of pain and limited time availability can make it a tricky concept to introduce to patients. Social prescribers are in an ideal position to support self-management of pain if appropriate training is available to support them. This study aimed to evaluate training for social prescribers and to explore their opinions and experiences about providing self-management support. Methods This was a mixed methods study. Repeated measures t-tests were used to compare the reported confidence of attendees in supporting different facets of self-management before and after the training. Thematic analysis of interviews was used to develop a deeper understanding of how participants related the training to their work with patients. Results Average confidence improved in all aspects of supporting self-management, and particularly with regard to supporting understanding pain, acceptance, pacing, setting goals, sleep and managing setbacks. Challenges were identified around explaining pain in an accurate and accessible way in order to provide a meaningful rationale for self-management. Conclusion Training for social prescribers in self-management support is feasible and leads to improvements in self-reported confidence. Further research is needed to determine the impact on patients and over a longer period of time.
Assessment of distance to primary percutaneous coronary intervention centres in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: Overcoming inequalities with process mining tools
Authors: Borges-Rosa João , Oliveira-Santos Manuel , Simões Marco , Carvalho Paulo , Ibanez-Sanchez Gema , Fernandez-Llatas Carlos , Costa Marco , Monteiro Sílvia , Gonçalves Lino ,   on behalf of the Portuguese Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes
Published: January 2023

Objectives In ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), time delay between symptom onset and treatment is critical to improve outcome. The expected transport delay between patient location and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) centre is paramount for choosing the adequate reperfusion therapy. The “Centro” region of Portugal has heterogeneity in PCI assess due to geographical reasons. We aimed to explore time delays between regions using process mining tools. Methods Retrospective observational analysis of patients with STEMI from the Portuguese Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes. We collected information on geographical area of symptom onset, reperfusion option, and in-hospital mortality. We built a national and a regional patient's flow models by using a process mining methodology based on parallel activity-based log inference algorithm. Results Totally, 8956 patients (75% male, 48% from 51 to 70 years) were included in the national model. Most patients (73%) had primary PCI, with the median time between admission and treatment <120 minutes in every region; “Centro” had the longest delay. In the regional model corresponding to the “Centro” region of Portugal divided by districts, only 61% had primary PCI, with “Guarda” (05:04) and “Castelo Branco” (06:50) showing longer delays between diagnosis and reperfusion than “Coimbra” (01:19). For both models, in-hospital mortality was higher for those without reperfusion therapy compared to PCI and fibrinolysis. Conclusion Process mining tools help to understand referencing networks visually, easily highlighting its inefficiencies and potential needs for improvement. A new PCI centre in the “Centro” region is critical to offer timely first-line treatment to their population.
Aging alters the cell cycle control and mitogenic signaling responses of human hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Hammond Colin A. , Wu Si Wei , Wang Fangwu , MacAldaz Margarita E. , Eaves Connie J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), like their counterparts in mice, comprise a functionally and molecularly heterogeneous population of cells throughout life that collectively maintain required outputs of mature blood cells under homeostatic conditions. In both species, an early developmental change in the HSC population involves a postnatal switch from a state in which most of these cells exist in a rapidly cycling state and maintain a high self-renewal potential to a state in which the majority of cells are in a quiescent state with an overall reduced self-renewal potential. However, despite the well-established growth factor dependence of HSC proliferation, whether and how this mechanism of HSC regulation might be affected by aging has remained poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we isolated highly HSC-enriched CD34+CD38−CD45RA−CD90+CD49f+ (CD49f+) cells from cord blood, adult bone marrow, and mobilized peripheral blood samples obtained from normal humans spanning 7 decades of age and then measured their functional and molecular responses to growth factor stimulation in vitro and their regenerative activity in vivo in mice that had undergone transplantation. Initial experiments revealed that advancing donor age was accompanied by a significant and progressively delayed proliferative response but not the altered mature cell outputs seen in normal older individuals. Importantly, subsequent dose-response analyses revealed an age-associated reduction in the growth factor–stimulated proliferation of CD49f+ cells mediated by reduced activation of AKT and altered cell cycle entry and progression. These findings identify a new intrinsic, pervasive, and progressive aging-related alteration in the biological and signaling mechanisms required to drive the proliferation of very primitive, normal human hematopoietic cells.