bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Skeletal Bone Age Assessment in Healthy Male Children
Authors: Basten Lajos M. , Leyhr Daniel , Murr Dennis , Hauser Thomas , Lüdin Dennis , Romann Michael , Höner Oliver , Fischer Sebastian , Gruber-Rouh Tatjana , Eichler Katrin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background:
Skeletal bone age assessment for medical reasons is usually performed by conventional x-ray with use of ionizing radiation. Few pilot studies have shown the possible use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Purpose:
To comprehensively evaluate feasibility and value of MRI for skeletal bone age (SBA) assessment in healthy male children.

Materials and Methods:
In this prospective cross-sectional study, 63 male soccer athletes with mean age of 12.35 ± 1.1 years were examined. All participants underwent 3.0 Tesla MRI with coronal T1-weighted turbo spin echo (TSE), coronal proton density (PD)–weighted turbo spin echo (TSE), and T1-weighted three-dimensional (3D) volume interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) sequence. Subsequently, SBA was assessed by 3 independent blinded radiologists with different levels of experience using the common Greulich-Pyle (GP) atlas and the Tanner-Whitehouse (TW2) method.

Results:
In a mean total acquisition time of 5:04 ± 0:47 min, MR image quality was sufficient in all cases. MRI appraisal was significantly faster (P < 0.0001) by GP with mean duration of 1:22 ± 0:08 min vs. 7:39 ± 0:28 min by TW. SBA assessment by GP resulted in mean age of 12.8 ± 1.2 years, by TW 13.0 ± 1.4 years. Interrater reliabilities were excellent for both GP (ICC = 0.912 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.868–0.944) and TW (ICC = 0.988 (95% CI = 0.980–0.992) and showed statistical significance (P < 0.001). Subdivided, for GP, ICCs were 0.822 (95% CI = 0.680–0.907) and 0.843 (95% CI = 0.713–0.919) in Under 12 and Under 14 group. For TW, ICCs were 0.978 (95% CI = 0.958–0.989) in Under 12 and 0.979 (95% CI = 0.961–0.989) in Under 14 group.

Conclusion:
MRI is a clinically feasible, rapidly evaluable method to assess skeletal bone age of healthy male children. Using the Greulich-Pyle (GP) atlas or the Tanner-Whitehouse (TW2) method, reliable results are obtained independent of the radiologist's experience level.
Clinical Analysis of Patients who Underwent Reoperation After Orthognathic Surgery: A 14-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Jaiswal M. Shriya , Hwang Dae-Seok 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to analyze the patients clinically who underwent reoperation after certain Orthognathic procedures, and to assess the reoperation rate. Furthermore, the authors also evaluated the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications that led to the need for reoperation.

Methods:
Total 526 patients were selected who underwent Orthognathic surgery between July 2008 and February 2022 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Pusan National University Dental Hospital by single surgeon. All the patients information were extracted from electronic database of our university. Demographic, radiologic, intraoperative, and postoperative data were recorded and compiled.

Results:
Out of 526 patients, 265 (50.3%) were males and 261 (49.6%) were females. The total number of patients who showed complication is 89 (16.9%) and the patients who underwent reoperation are 17 (3.2%). The common complications that occurred were postoperative sensory disturbance (31; 5.8%), unwanted fractures (17; 3.2%), intraoperative nerve injury (11; 2%), wound dehiscence (11; 2%), infection (10; 1.9%), tooth injury (2; 0.3%), and others (18; 3.4%). The serious complications that led to reoperation include severe bleeding (6; 1.1%), unesthetic results (5; 0.9%), non-union of maxilla (4; 0.7%), and failed osteosynthesis (2; 0.3%). After 2018, all the orthognathic surgeries were performed with the help of virtual surgical planning. After application of virtual surgical planning, the number of patients with complications statistically decreased.

Conclusion:
The present study showed that the reoperation rate after orthognathic surgery was low, this rate was more decreased after applying 3-dimensional virtual surgery and 3-dimensional printed plate, especially in unesthetic cases.
Acellular Dermal Matrix, Osseoplastic Flap, and Transnasal Endoscopic Approach for Frontal Mucocele
Authors: Orozco-Fernández Martin , Mejía Juan Pablo , López Juan Pablo , Vanegas Marcela , Orostegui-Hernández Victor 
Published: August 2023

Purpouse:
The primary objective of this study is to suggest the use of acellular dermal matrix through an osteoplastic flap and transnasal endoscopic treatment for the management of frontal mucoceles. The secondary objective is to propose the characteristics to choose this approach.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was carried out on patients with frontal mucoceles of different etiologies where an osteoplastic flap was made to address the sinus and subsequently obliterated with acellular dermal matrix.

Results:
A cohort of 11 patients were included in the study, 6 (67%) were female and 5 (56%) were male, with a mean age of 56 years (range 35–71). The majority of patients (73%) with a history of trauma and all the patients were treated with frontal osteoplastic flap and obliteration with acellular dermal matrix. No evidence of recurrence in a follow-up period with a mean of 18 months and a low rate of complications.

Conclusions:
The frontal osteoplastic flap and obliteration with acellular dermal matrix is a simple and safe technique to perform with low morbidity. Also, an orbital reconstruction can be performed simultaneously.
Translation, Transcultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Hebrew Language Version of the Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire for the Assessment of Quality of Life in Orthognathic Patients
Authors: Dobriyan Alex , Shavit Idan , Yavnai Nirit , Akerman Eyal , Hirschorn Ariel , Yahalom Ran , Yoffe Tal 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Dentofacial deformities impose a negative impact on quality of life (QOL). Orthognathic surgery is the main pillar of treatment for these conditions and has proven its impact on the improvement of the functional and psychosocial aspects of QOL. The Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ), developed by Cunningham and colleagues, is a well-established instrument for assessing QOL in patients with dentofacial deformities.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to perform a translation, transcultural adaptation, and validation of a Hebrew version of the OQLQ.

Methods:
Transcultural adaptation was done following guidelines proposed by Beaton and colleagues resulting in a pilot study conducted on 20 patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. Internal consistency, reliability, and sensitivity were evaluated by means of Cronbach alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient (test-retest), and Wilcoxon test, respectively. Validity was assessed by comparing the OQLQ with the Hebrew version of the Oral Health Impact Scale-14 (Oral Health Impact Profile Scale-14) using the Spearman correlation test.

Results:
Internal consistency showed a good correlation between domains and excellent test-retest reliability. Sensitivity to change was statistically significant in all but 3 questions. The Hebrew version of the OQLQ exhibited a strong correlation with Oral Health Impact Profile Scale-14 in total score and moderate to high correlations among domains.

Conclusion:
The Hebrew version of the OQLQ is a valid and reliable and specific instrument to measure QOL for Hebrew-speaking patients undergoing orthognathic surgery.
External Ear Anthropometry of Healthy Turkish Young Adults
Authors: Bahşi İlhan , Orhan Mustafa , Kervancioğlu Piraye , Karatepe Şeyma , Sayin Semih 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to determine the external ear values in Turkish young adults with 2-dimensional photogrammetry.

Methods:
One hundred males and 100 females aged between 18 and 25 years were included in the study. Individuals were photographed from both sides. Ear length (superaurel-subaurel, spa-sba), ear width (preaurel-postaurel, pra-pa), and the angle between the vertical axis of the auricle and the line between spa and sba (ear incline angle, eia) were measured in these photographs. Also, auricular index (pra-pa/spa-sba×100) was calculated.

Results:
The average values of the spa-sba, pra-pa, eia, and auricular index were found as 65.46±4.68 mm, 37.89±3.61 mm, 19.40±4.83 degrees, and 57.93±4.53 in males and 60.90±5.35 mm, 35.62±3.69 mm, 17.95±4.86 degrees, and 58.65±5.29 in females, respectively. While the values of spa-sba (P=0.001 for the right side and P=0.001 for the left side), pra-pa (P=0.001 for the right side and P=0.001 for the left side), and eia (P=0.024 for the right side and P=0.041 for the left side) were statistically higher for males than females, there was no statistically significant difference between the sex and the auricular index (P=0.404 for the right side and P=0.955 for the left side). Besides, there was no statistically significant difference between the sides for these 4 parameters (P=0.760, 0.409, 0.225, and 0.521, respectively).

Conclusion:
The authors believe that the results obtained for Turkish young adults can be used as reference values, which can be used in the diagnosis, follow, or surgical treatment of many diseases, forensic procedures, and planning esthetic surgery procedures.
Association of Postoperative Delirium With Incident Dementia and Graft Outcomes Among Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Ruck Jessica M. , Chu Nadia M. , Liu Yi , Li Yiting , Chen Yusi , Mathur Aarti , Carlson Michelle C. , Crews Deidra C. , Chodosh Joshua , Segev Dorry L. , McAdams-DeMarco Mara 
Published: August 2023

Background.
Kidney transplant (KT) recipients have numerous risk factors for delirium, including those shared with the general surgical population (eg, age and major surgery) and transplant-specific factors (eg, neurotoxic immunosuppression medications). Evidence has linked delirium to long-term dementia risk in older adults undergoing major surgery. We sought to characterize dementia risk associated with post-KT delirium.

Methods.
Using the United States Renal Data System datasets, we identified 35 800 adult first-time KT recipients ≥55 y. We evaluated risk factors for delirium using logistic regression. We evaluated the association between delirium and incident dementia (overall and by subtype: Alzheimer’s, vascular, and other/mixed-type), graft loss, and death using Fine and Gray’s subhazards models and Cox regression.

Results.
During the KT hospitalization, 0.9% of recipients were diagnosed with delirium. Delirium risk factors included age (OR = 1.40, 95% CI, 1.28-1.52) and diabetes (OR = 1.38, 95% CI, 1.10-1.73). Delirium was associated with higher risk of death-censored graft loss (aHR = 1.52, 95% CI, 1.12-2.05) and all-cause mortality (aHR = 1.53, 95% CI, 1.25-1.89) at 5 y post-KT. Delirium was also associated with higher risk of dementia (adjusted subhazard ratio [aSHR] = 4.59, 95% CI, 3.48-6.06), particularly vascular dementia (aSHR = 2.51, 95% CI, 1.01-6.25) and other/mixed-type dementia (aSHR = 5.58, 95% CI, 4.24-7.62) subtypes. The risk of all-type dementia associated with delirium was higher for younger recipients aged between 55 and 64 y (P
interaction = 0.01).

Conclusions.
Delirium is a strong risk factor for subsequent diagnosis of dementia among KT recipients, particularly those aged between 55 and 64 y at the time of transplant. Patients experiencing posttransplant delirium might benefit from early interventions to enhance cognitive health and surveillance for cognitive impairment to enable early referral for dementia care.
Calcineurin Inhibition in Deceased Organ Donors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Preclinical Studies
Authors: D’Aragon Frédérick , Rousseau William , Breau Ruth , Aminaei Daniel , Ichai Carole , Boyd Gordon J. , Burns Karen E. A. , Cardinal Héloïse , Carrier François-Martin , Chassé Michaël , Chaudhury Prosanto , Dhanani Sonny , English Shane W. , Frenette Anne Julie , Hanna Steven , Knoll Gregory , Lauzier François , Oczkowski Simon , Rochwerg Bram , Shamseddin Khaled , Slessarev Marat , Treleaven Darin , Turgeon Alexis F. , Weiss Matthew J. , Selzner Markus , Meade Maureen O. 
Published: August 2023

Background.Preconditioning deceased organ donors with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) may reduce ischemia–reperfusion injury to improve transplant outcomes.Methods.We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and conference proceedings for animal models of organ donation and transplantation, comparing donor treatment with CNIs with either placebo or no intervention, and evaluating outcomes for organ transplantation. Reviewers independently screened and selected studies, abstracted data, and assessed the risk of bias and clinical relevance of included studies. Where possible, we pooled results using meta-analysis; otherwise, we summarized findings descriptively.Results.Eighteen studies used various animals and a range of CNI agents and doses and evaluated their effects on a variety of transplant outcomes. The risk of bias and clinical applicability were poorly reported. Pooled analyses suggested benefit of CNI treatment on early graft function in renal transplants (3 studies; serum creatinine: ratio of means [RoM] 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34-0.86) but not for liver transplants (2 studies; serum alanine transaminase: RoM 0.61; 95% CI, 0.30-1.26; and serum aspartate aminotransferase: RoM 0.58; 95% CI, 0.26-1.31). We found no reduction in graft loss at 7 d (2 studies; risk ratio 0.54; 95% CI, 0.08-3.42). CNI treatment was associated with reduced transplant recipient levels of interleukin-6 (4 studies; RoM 0.36; 95% CI, 0.19-0.70), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (5 studies; RoM 0.36; 95% CI, 0.12-1.03), and cellular apoptosis (4 studies; RoM 0.30; 95% CI, 0.19-0.47).Conclusions.Although this compendium of animal experiments suggests that donor preconditioning with CNIs may improve early kidney graft function, the limited ability to reproduce a true clinical environment in animal experiments and to assess for risk of bias in these experiments is a serious weakness that precludes current clinical application.
Clinical Utility of EsoGuard® as an Efficient Triage Test for Diagnosing Barrett’s Esophagus in On-Duty Firefighters
Authors: Hamblin Rachelle , Lee Victoria T. , deGuzman Brian J. , Verma Suman , Aklog Lishan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundFirefighters have frequent exposure to compounds shown to increase risk of esophageal neoplasia. EsoGuard® (EG) is a DNA biomarker assay that can be utilized with efficiency and high tolerability as a triage to endoscopy for diagnosis of patients with Barrett’s Esophagus (BE), a known precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). This diagnostic tool may facilitate disease testing among busy at-risk firefighters.MethodsRetrospective analysis of prospectively collected clinical utility (CU) data for use of EG as a triage to more invasive endoscopic evaluation. EG was performed on esophageal cell samples collected with the nonendoscopic EsoCheck® (EC) device during two large cancer and pre-cancer screening events for firefighters in San Antonio, TX, in January 2023. CU was evaluated by provider impact assessment.Results388 firefighters were identified for EG testing, of which >99% (385/388) successfully completed EC cell collection. Over 96% (372/385) of tests had binary results; the remaining <4% failed analysis due to insufficient DNA. The EG positivity rate was 7.3% (28/385), all of whom were referred for specialist and upper endoscopy evaluation. Among those who tested negative, none were referred for further diagnostic workup. This represented a 100% concordance between EG results and physician management decisions.ConclusionsThis study capturing real-world data on use of EG in a population of firefighters demonstrates its ability to test many individuals rapidly and efficiently in a well-tolerated fashion, and reliable use of the test to triage individuals prior to pursuing more invasive and time-consuming diagnostic approaches.
Developing tree improvement strategies for challenging environmental stresses under global climate change: a review from traditional tree breeding to genomics of adaptive traits for the quaking aspen
Authors: Mu Deyu , Ding Chen , Chen Hao , Li Yang , Raley Earl M. (Fred) 
Published: August 2023

AbstractQuaking or trembling aspen in North America and Euro-Asia(Populus tremuloidesandP. tremula,respectively) are both widely distributed species with a long history of scientific research and tree improvement work in areas such as carbon sequestration, biomass, bioenergy, wood, and fiber, as well as studies evaluating the social, economic, and ecological benefits of the species. This chapter reviews the ecological genetics and genomics of quaking aspen’s adaptive traits with a broad perspective of the relationship between phenotypic variation and genetic (G) and environmental (E) effects as well as their interactions (GxE). Based on recent studies, several adaptive traits are discussed, including spring and fall phenology and stress tolerance to environmental factors such as frost, salinity, drought, heat, UV radiation, etc. We also conducted a meta-analysis of empirical studies on adaptive traits ofP. tremuloidesand its sister species, as research usingP. tremuloidesas a true “model species” is currently limited. However, molecular tools and experimental designs in the form of different common gardens constitute an integrated pathway for the development of traits and varieties/populations to promote reforestation under changing climatic conditions.
Learning with filopodia and spines
Authors: Albesa-González Albert , Clopath Claudia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFilopodia are thin synaptic protrusions that have been long known to play an important role in early development. It has recently been found that they are more abundant in the adult cortex than previously thought, and more plastic than spines (button-shaped mature synapses). Inspired by these findings, we introduce a new model of synaptic plasticity that jointly describes learning of filopodia and spines. The model assumes that filopodia exhibit additive learning, which is highly competitive and volatile. At the same time, it proposes that if filopodia undergo sufficient potentiation they consolidate into spines, and start following multiplicative learning dynamics. This makes spines more stable and sensitive to the fine structure of input correlations. We show that our learning rule has a selectivity comparable to additive spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) and represents input correlations as well as multiplicative STDP. We also show how it can protect previously formed memories and act as a synaptic consolidation mechanism. Overall, our results provide a mechanistic explanation of how filopodia and spines could cooperate to overcome the difficulties that these separate forms of learning (additive and multiplicative) each have.Author SummaryChanges in the strength of synaptic connections between neurons are the basis of learning in biological and artificial networks. In animals, these changes can only depend on locally available signals, and are usually modeled withlearning rules. Based on recent discoveries onfilopodia, a special type of synaptic structure, we propose a new learning rule called Filopodium-Spine spike-timing-dependent-plasticity. Our rule proposes that filopodia follow additive STDP and spines (mature synapses) multiplicative STDP. We show that our model overcomes classic difficulties that these learning rules have separately, like the absence of stability or specificity, and can also be seen as a first stage of synaptic consolidation.
Adaptive Artificial Intelligence to Teach Interactive Molecular Dynamics in the Context of Human-Computer Interaction
Authors: Demir Mustafa , Leahy Sean M. , Mishra Punya , Chen Chun Kit , Singharoy Abhishek 
Published: August 2023

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) can be easily integrated into virtual education to drive adaptive instruction and real-time constructive feedback to students, offering a possible conduit for fostering discovery curiosity in learners. This study examines and characterizes Human-AI-Teaming (HAT) coordination dynamics to monitor the inception of discovery curiosity in online laboratories of interactive molecular dynamics (IMD). We used molecular physics measures (kinetic/ potential energy and action) obtained from simple and complex examples of simulated mouse tracking datasets in IMD log files as a proxy for understanding the context of molecular sciences and developing novel interactions for inquiry. These measures are good features of our HAT context because kinetic energy reflects the system’s atoms’ overall motion regarding the individual atoms’ speed. While kinetic energy represents if a learner applies artificial forces to the task, potential energy can be AI’s response to these forces. The action is a systems-level reaction to the changes during the task. By applying nonlinear dynamical systems methods to the physics measures, we extracted the Largest Lyapunov Exponent and Determinism metrics as HATs’ coordination stability and predictability, respectively. The findings underline that while the more complex IMD task required less stable and predictable HAT coordination dynamics, the simple task is more. One explanation is that AI needs to anticipate the learner by providing feedback at the right time and place during the more complex IMD task to initiate and sustain the learner’s discovery curiosity. In IMD, future HAT design should consider coordination dynamics for fostering ‘discovery curiosity’ and practical learning.
Travelling waves or sequentially activated discrete modules: mapping the granularity of cortical propagation
Authors: Orsher Yuval , Rom Ariel , Perel Rotem , Lahini Yoav , Blinder Pablo , Shein-Idelson Mark 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNumerous studies have identified travelling waves in the cortex and suggested they play important roles in brain processing. These waves are most often measured using macroscopic methods that are unable to assess the local spiking activity underlying wave dynamics. Here we investigated the possibility that waves may not be travelling at the single neuron scale. We first show that sequentially activating two discrete brain areas can appear as travelling waves in EEG simulations. We next reproduce these results using an analytical model of two sequentially activated regions. Using this model, we were able to generate wave-like activity with variable directions, velocities, and spatial patterns, and to map the discriminability limits between travelling waves and modular sequential activations. Finally, we investigated the link between field potentials and single neuron excitability using large-scale measurements from turtle cortex ex-vivo. We found that while field potentials exhibit wave-like dynamics, the underlying spiking activity was better described by consecutively activated spatially adjacent groups of neurons. Taken together, this study suggests caution when interpreting phase delay measurements as continuously propagating wavefronts in two different spatial scales. A careful distinction between modular and wave excitability profiles across scales will be critical for understanding the nature of cortical computations.