bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Characteristics of Virtual Child Sexual Abuse Material Offenders and the Harms of Offending: A Qualitative Content Analysis of Print Media
Authors: Christensen Larissa S. , Vickery Noah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChild sexual abuse material (CSAM) has become a global problem. With technological advancements, a sub-type of material has emerged: virtual child sexual abuse material (VCSAM). Despite the far-reaching harms of this material, little is known about VCSAM offenders. Research has found some disconnect between the perceived harmfulness of VCSAM and legislative definitions, compared with CSAM. Given the media’s influential ability to shape public perceptions, this exploratory study aimed to: (1) identify the characteristics of VCSAM offenders and (2) explore whether the harms of VCSAM are represented in this reporting. For the most up-to-date data, the search spanned 1 January 2019 to 23 September 2022. Of the 160 newspaper articles that appeared, 25 met the inclusion criteria. Four themes emerged from the qualitative content analysis: (1) VCSAM is a form of CSAM, (2) potential for escalation in offending from viewing VCSAM, (3) offenders have preferences in specific types of VCSAM (with the sub-theme: written stories and documents are VCSAM too), and (4) offenders “didn’t know” the material was illegal. Overall, these findings were positive; how cases were reported may broadly educate the public about VCSAM offending, with articles signifying the harms of this offending. The current findings have the potential to contribute to prevention and intervention efforts, with utility in policymaking, criminal justice, media, and psychology disciplines.
The Influence of Leadership on Employees’ Work-nonwork Interface and Wellbeing: A Scoping Review
Authors: Czakert Jan Philipp , Berger Rita 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Many current working conditions are characterized by increasing blurred boundaries between work and nonwork with spillover that impact employees’ and recovery processes and wellbeing. Research, although emerging, considers these processes in the leadership-wellbeing relationship insufficiently. The main aim of this study, therefore, was to enhance our understanding of the role of leadership on employee’s work-nonwork interface and wellbeing. To address these processes adequately, longitudinal research is most appropriate. To our best knowledge, no review exists that could inform longitudinal studies on the leadership-employee wellbeing relationship with a focus on spillover and recovery processes. Following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews, we apply a narrative synthesis of 21 identified studies to organize the research landscape. We make three main contributions: First, we adopt an integrated resource-demands based process perspective and expand the leadership-employee wellbeing relationship by including spillover and recovery. Second, we map the used theoretical approaches and analyzed research gaps. Third, we offer a list of the issues and potential remedies of applied methodologies to orient further research. Results show, that while work-nonwork research is predominantly approached from a negative conflict-based view, research focused more on positive than on negative leadership. We identify two broad categories of investigated mechanisms, namely bolstering/hampering mechanisms, and buffering/strengthening mechanisms. Findings also highlight the importance of personal energy resources and therefore call for more attention to affect-driven theories. The identified predominance of the IT and healthcare sectors and of working parents warrants more representative research. We offer recommendations to advance future research both theoretically and methodologically.
Moral foundations of pro-choice and pro-life women
Authors: Paruzel-Czachura Mariola , Domurat Artur , Nowak Marta 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOpinions on abortion are more polarized than opinions on most other moral issues. Why are some people pro-choice and some pro-life? Religious and political preferences play a role here, but pro-choice and pro-life people may also differ in other aspects. In the current preregistered study (N = 479), we investigated how pro-choice women differ in their moral foundations from pro-life women. When the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ) was applied (i.e., when declared moral principles were measured), pro-life women scored higher than pro-choice women in loyalty, authority, and purity. However, when women were asked about moral judgments indirectly via more real-life problems from the Moral Foundations Vignettes (MFV), pro-choice women scored higher than pro-life women in emotional and physical care and liberty but lower in loyalty. When we additionally controlled for religious practice and political views, we found no differences between groups in declaring moral foundations (MFQ). However, in the case of real-life moral judgments (MFV), we observed higher care, fairness, and liberty among pro-choice and higher authority and purity among pro-life. Our results show intriguing nuances between women pro-choice and pro-life as we found a different pattern of moral foundations in those groups depending on whether we measured their declared abstract moral principles or moral judgment about real-life situations. We also showed how religious practice and political views might play a role in such differences. We conclude that attitudes to abortion “go beyond” abstract moral principles, and the real-life context matters in moral judgments.
Graphical abstract
Spatial-Temporal Determinants of Income Inequality in the Cantons of Ecuador between 2010 and 2019: a Spatial Panel Econometric Analysis
Authors: Quito Byron , del Río-Rama María de la Cruz , Peris-Ortiz Marta , Álvarez-García José 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInequality is a problem that remains latent throughout generations, despite the growth of countries and the mechanisms that were implemented to mitigate it. Understanding the structure of spillovers from a spatial point of view would allow for the management of current resources, with the aim of improving the distribution among individuals at the cantonal level for Ecuador. In this context, this study aims to estimate the effect of the determinants of income inequality at the cantonal level, through the use of spatial models during the period 2010–2019, for 213 cantons in Ecuador. The Kuznets inverted-U theory is applied, which allows us to understand the changes that economic growth produces on income inequality levels. The approach indicates that the current average rate of growth of production per capita has made inequality levels decrease. In addition, human capital has the opposite effect to that expected, increasing inequality levels as a result of a concentration of this resource in certain cantons. On the other hand, the entrepreneurial structure of micro and small enterprises allows to mitigate the inequality levels between cantons. In this sense, among the policy objectives is to prioritize a more homogeneous growth of the cantons of Ecuador, likewise, generate policies that allow reducing the concentration of human capital in certain regions, as well as financial development. On the other hand, it is important to strengthen the prevalence of Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in the long term, with the aim of improving family income levels and reducing inequality.
Mechanism and visualization of streamline adjustment in enhanced oil recovery: a comparative study between well pattern adjustment and polymer flooding
Authors: Li Yu , Liu Huiqing , Dong Xiaohu , Wang Qing , Wang Wuchao , Wang Zhipeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDue to the long-term scouring of steam/water flooding, the water channels restricts the expansion of streamlines in the swept region. The formation of the main streamline, an inevitable and troublesome challenge during steam/water flooding, restrict the spread of the sweep region and the oil extraction in oil reservoirs. To realize the swept main streamlines adjustment (SA), well pattern adjustment (WPA) and polymer flooding (PF) are the mature technologies applied in the development of reservoir. The WAF and PF, as two kinds of oil extracting methods with different principles and operations, is difficult to directly verify the disturbance law to main streamlines in the same model or experimental physical field. Two-dimensional sand-packed model can elucidate the mechanism of WPA and PF for SA based on the direct processing of images and data analysis of production data. Through the oil–water distribution images from displacement experiment, the influence of viscous fingering generated by streamlines development can be obtained and described by the mathematical model to illustrate the relationship between penetration intensity and mobility ratio. In addition, the dynamic production data can reflect the change of flow resistance and water cut during the expansion of swept region. Based on observations of macro and micro perspectives, the experimental results show that the WPA greatly expands the coverage region of the streamlines, while PF makes the streamlines denser in the swept region. By comparing the distribution of streamlines between the two methods, the different shapes of streamlines are deeply influenced by the mobility ratio that determines the viscous fingering and the well pattern type. Finally, the adaptability of different methods for extracting the remaining oil is proposed. The WPA pays attention to improving the macro sweep efficiency outside the swept region. Meanwhile, the PF strategy pays more attention to improving the micro sweep efficiency in the swept region. The analysis of single-factor shows that viscous fingering has an obvious interference effect on the streamline morphology development, which highlights the meaning and importance of using the synergistic effect of WPA and PF to enhance oil recovery.
Genetic diversity and population structure of the Saharan honey bee Apis mellifera sahariensis from southeastern Morocco: introgression assessment and implications for conservation
Authors: Aglagane Abdessamad , Oleksa Andrzej , Er-Rguibi Omar , Tofilski Adam , El Mouden El Hassan , Aamiri Ahmed , Aourir Mohamed 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study assessed the conservation status of the Saharan honey bee (Apis mellifera sahariensis) from southeastern Morocco using 12 microsatellite loci to examine genetic diversity and hybridization with other subspecies. Samples from 148 colonies were clustered into seven populations representing the expected distribution of A. m. intermissa and A. m. sahariensis, and reference samples from two European subspecies, A. m. carnica and A. m. mellifera, were included. Moroccan honey bees showed higher genetic diversity than European reference samples, and genetic structure analysis revealed two distinct clusters in Morocco separated by the High Atlas Mountains (FST = 0.05). Although high rates of hybridization with A. m. intermissa jeopardize the genetic integrity of the Saharan honey bee, no evidence of introgression was detected from the European reference subspecies. Additionally, we found that the probability of assignment to Saharan subspecies decreased with increasing human management intensity and precipitation. These findings are important for developing a conservation strategy for the Saharan honey bee in Morocco.
Catching up or getting stuck: convergence in Eastern European economies
Authors: Konya Istvan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe paper studies the convergence and growth behavior of 11 Central and Eastern European members states of the European Union between 2000–2019, using a modified development accounting approach based on the neoclassical growth model. The main goal of the exercise is to decompose the still existing development gap relative to Western Europe (Austria) into three components: convergence, productivity, and long-run factors. The latter may include general institutional features such as population growth, or capital market imperfections measured by the capital wedge. The capital wedge is identified by leveraging the neoclassical growth model’s ability to explain the observed behavior of the capital-output ratio. The main conclusions are that for most countries, lower productivity and capital distortions are both important to understand underdevelopment. Economic policy, therefore, should primarily target productivity growth and a free and efficient capital market.
The Short-Term Impact of Formal Controls on Subsequent Offending and Future Formal Controls in a German and UK City
Authors: Boers Klaus , Kaiser Florian , Schaerff Marcus , Wikström Per-Olof H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe study of sanctioning effects has a rich history in deterrence and labeling theory. Most analyses have only used official data to study these effects. Yet, some more recent studies indicate that it is necessary to investigate self-reported as well as official data since it appears that sanctioning has differential effects on self-reported delinquency and formal control interventions. The current study contributes to this small body of research by using propensity score matching to analyze panel data from an ongoing English (Peterborough Adolescent and Young Adult Developmental Study) and a German (Crime in the modern City) study. We estimated average treatment effects of system contacts on both reoffending and subsequent contacts for juveniles living in Peterborough (ENG) and Duisburg (GER). Our findings are that (1) although official contacts have no substantial effects on the prevalence or versatility of reoffending, (2) they substantially increase the risk of a future formal contact. These results were almost identical at both sites, which may indicate a more general finding on the effects of formal control interventions.
Experimental study on hydraulic fracture propagation behavior of horizontal well on multilayered rock
Authors: Kong Xiangwei , Shi Xian , Gao Qi , Xu Hongxing , Ge Xiaoxin , Cui Hangbo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA series of true axial hydraulic fracturing experiments were conducted to understand the complex hydraulic fracture initiation and propagation behavior of multilayered rocks. Moreover, a new and convenient grid measurement method was presented to describe hydraulic fracturing effectiveness. The experimental results revealed that transverse vertical and non-planar axial fractures could be created in the hydraulic fracturing of multilayered rocks. Moreover, the fracture area scanning results by the grid measurement method match the results indicated by the traditional Geomagic method. The fracture behavior close to the layer contact determines how complex the produced fishbone structure fracture system is. Near the hole zones, secondary axial and deviated transverse fractures were found due to multiple layers. The fracture system can be managed by modifying the fracturing treatment parameters. Low-principle horizontal stress contrast and low-viscosity fracturing fluid can produce complicated fractures, and an increase in perforation numbers can make the fracture more complex and produce abnormally high breakdown pressure. Larger fracture areas benefit from high perforation rates and pump rates, but larger fracture areas may not always benefit from a decreased fracturing fluid viscosity. The breakdown pressure was the highest for the samples with two sets of oriented perforations, and the stress shadowing effect should be considered in the multiple fracture treatment. The increase in the pump rate generates a more complex fracture path in the horizontal well despite the fracturing fluid types but also yields a high breakdown pressure. The increased fracturing fluid viscosity can constrain the random fracture extension, which is beneficial for decreasing the near-wellbore tortuosity. The occurrence of shear fracture along the interface in a multilayered formation could be a risk for proppant injection and placement.
Stratum Griseum Periventriculare-mediated Fear Emotion Regulates Motor Behavior in Pigeons
Authors: Xu Wenbo , Yang Long , Wang Zishi , Yang Lifang , Cheng Han , Zhu Shixin , Shang Zhigang , Wang Zhenlong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA pigeon robot is an ideal experimental animal for research in flying animal robots. The majority of current research publications have entailed electrical stimulation of the motor nuclei to regulate movement forcibly, and although a “virtual fear” behavior model has been proposed, the structure, location, and function of the nuclei that generate fear emotions remain obscure. Previous studies have shown that the Stratum Griseum Periventriculare (SGP) of pigeons is homologous to the mammalian periaqueductal gray (PAG), which plays an essential role in mammalian fear. To reveal the role of fear mediated by the SGP in behavioral regulation, we evaluated the structure and location of the SGP by histologic identification combined with magnetic resonance imaging, and analyzed the behavior of the SGP by electrical stimulation. Finally, the function of the SGP was verified with escape testing and homing experiments in an open field. Our results showed that the SGP is located in the pigeon midbrain and divided into two subregions, the dorsal part of the stratum griseum periventriculare (SGPd) and the ventral part of the stratum griseum periventriculare (SGPv) (the ranges were AP1.5–4.75 mm, ML1.75–6.75 mm, and DV2.2–7.1 mm), and that wired and wireless electrical stimulation freezing was the dominant behavior. In the escape test, SGP electrical stimulation caused the pigeons to flee to a safe place, while in the open-field homing test, electrical stimulation of the SGP induced evasive behavior in pigeons away from their original homing route. These results confirm that the SGP plays a crucial role in fear, and that electrical stimulation of this nucleus induces corresponding fear behaviors.
Plant Growth and Root Morphology Are Affected by Earthworm-Driven (Eisenia sp.) Changes in Soil Chemico-Physical Properties: a Mesocosm Experiment with Broccoli and Faba Bean
Authors: Reyes Francesco , Sorgonà Agostino , Briones Maria J. I. , Crecchio Carmine , Sofo Adriano 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEarthworms are “ecosystem engineers” that improve soil water and nutrient content, soil macroporosity, and aeration, and provide suitable habitats for microbial populations. This study aimed at defining if the presence of epigeic earthworms (Eisenia sp.) affected the growth and development of two plant species (Brassica oleracea and Vicia faba) via the modifications of soil chemico-physical properties. A mesocosm experiment, in which plants were grown outdoors for 4 months with or without earthworms, was performed. The two plant species were selected based on their different habitus and root architecture and morphology. Soil macroporosity (Msoil) and water holding capacity (WHCsoil) were determined. Earthworm-driven bioturbation (Bsoil) was measured by filling mesh bags with artificial soil. Earthworm abundance and biomass, together with plant morphometric parameters (root and leaf morphology by imaging and microscope techniques), were measured at the end of the trial. The presence of earthworms increased Msoil (on average +16%) and WHCsoil (on average +9%) and this was accompanied by a remarkable degree of Bsoil. In most of the cases, earthworms enhanced plant growth in the two plant species studied, with a significant positive influence on the majority of the shoot and root traits. A significant increase of stomatal density (on average +24%) occurred in the leaves of both the plant species in the presence of earthworms. Our results confirmed the hypothesis that bioturbation by Eisenia sp. had a significant positive effect on plant growth, independently from the plant species cultivated, and that these growth-promoting effects were mediated by changes in soil chemico-physical parameters. By taking into account the essential role of earthworms in maintaining healthy soils and the vegetation they support, soils can become more resilient against environmental perturbations and climate change.
Development of a novel 124 MPa strength green reactive powder concrete employing waste glass and locally available cement
Authors: Abellan-Garcia Joaquin , Redondo-Mosquera Jesús , Khan M. Iqbal , Abbas Yassir M. , Castro-Cabeza Andrea 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this study, a new reactive powder concrete (RPC) was developed, with environmentally friendly typical RPC components obtained from ground quartz substituted by the waste glass. In this manner, the carbon footprint and final cost are minimized by replacing aggregates and reducing cement. A challenge in this study was using high-celite phase available cement and avoiding the alkali-silica reaction. The Box–Wilson design and Derringer–Suich optimization were used to create an RPC mixture with a low cement content and high-volume waste glass dosage that achieved a compressive strength of more than 120 MPa. It was demonstrated that having all ground waste glass particles smaller than 1000 µm is not sufficient to prevent the alkali-silica expansion. Furthermore, commercially available cement with a high celite proportion had a modest beneficial influence on the compressive strength at an early-age but a significant detrimental impact on the RPC’s compressive strength at 28 days. Finally, the current study proved the potential of manufacturing an RPC that satisfied the strength threshold criterion while utilizing a local cement with over 12% celite and a substantial volume of waste glass powder comprising more than half of the RPC weight.
Differences in viral decay and production following exposure to sunlight and dark
Authors: Chen Patrichka Wei-Yi , Olivia Madeline , Chou Wen-Chen , Mukhanov Vladimir , Tsai An-Yi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough we have gained insight into the biological and biochemical effects of natural sunlight exposure on prokaryotes, little is known about sunlight exposure on natural virus communities. To address this question, an investigation of the effects of sunlight and dark treatments on viral communities, viral production and decay rates in Kenting coastal waters was conducted. The average rate of net viral production in the sunlight and dark treatment was 0.010 and 0.018 × 106 viruses mL–1 h− 1, respectively. Furthermore, averaged value for viral decay in the sunlight treatment was 0.016 × 106 viruses mL− 1 h− 1, a significant decrease (ca. 60%=((0.83 − 0.33)/(0.83 × 100%)) was observed in sunlight conditions, whereas no significant changes occurred in dark conditions. The gross viral production under sunlight conditions was slightly higher, however, non-significantly higher than that in the dark treatment. As a result, we suggest that sunlight damages a large portion of the natural viral community, affecting the role viruses play in food webs.