bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Space–time variation of large hail‐producing mesoscale convective systems over a complex terrain of the Indian subcontinent as revealed by the integrated Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and Global Precipitation Measurement observations
Authors: Roy Partha , Rao Thota Narayana , Biswasharma Rupraj , Sharma Sanjay , Das Sunit 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSpace–time variation of large hail‐producing mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) is investigated over the eastern and northeastern parts of the Indian subcontinent during the premonsoon (March–April–May) season by using long‐term (1998–2020) integrated observations of Precipitation Radar and Microwave Imager onboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellites. A threshold of 37.0‐GHz polarization‐corrected temperature (≤176 K) is utilized as a hail proxy. Qualitatively, the space–time variation of satellite‐detected hailstorms is reasonably in good agreement with the available hail reports at the ground. The large hail‐producing MCSs are most frequently observed over the plains, whereas such MCSs are not found over mountains. The MCSs in April have the highest probability to contain hail though the hail‐producing MCSs are more common in May. The average morphological and microphysical properties are distinctly different for the MCSs with and without hail. Compared to the active convective cores of MCSs without hail, the hail‐producing convective cores of MCSs (a) are extended higher vertically and wider horizontally, (b) are associated with much larger area (~1,000 vs. 100 km2) occupied by radar reflectivity larger than 40 dBZ in the mixed‐phase region, and (c) are associated with larger values of cloud ice water content (CIWC; 395 vs. 153 mg·m−3) in the mixed‐phase region. The results from the high‐resolution ERA5 reanalysis data show that the hail‐producing MCSs are more sensitive to synoptic forcing than the MCSs without hail. Very strong mean sea‐level pressure anomalies over the whole northern part of India along the Himalayan foothills to the Bay of Bengal occur for the MCSs with hail days. The findings of this study will help the forecasting of these hailstorms and mitigation of their damage within this less explored region.
Prasugrel — gone, but not forgotten
Authors: Ford Samuel R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and certain retroviral therapies are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis with plaque rupture resulting in acute coronary syndromes. Therefore, there is often a need to co‐prescribe antiretroviral and cardiovascular therapies, including antiplatelet agents. Antiplatelet agents, such as the P2Y12 receptor antagonists clopidogrel and prasugrel, require activation by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). The P2Y12 receptor antagonist ticagrelor is also metabolised by CYP3A4. Pharmacokinetic enhancers, such as ritonavir and cobicistat, are utilised to increase the systemic exposure of certain agents within multidrug HIV regimens and are potent CYP3A4 inhibitors. Using these drugs together can result in unintended and undesirable drug–drug interactions. A 55‐year‐old male with a history of HIV presented to the emergency department with central chest pain. He was found to have had a non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction and was commenced on dual antiplatelet therapy including ticagrelor, anticoagulation and statin therapy, in addition to his usual HIV therapy, Genvoya (elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, tenofovir alafenamide). A drug–drug interaction between Genvoya and ticagrelor was identified by the pharmacist, and the patient was switched to prasugrel on the pharmacist's recommendation. Although prasugrel was delisted from the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) in July 2020, it remains accessible as a non‐PBS medicine. Prasugrel should be considered the P2Y12 antagonist of choice for patients who are on HIV regimens containing a pharmacokinetic enhancer such as ritonavir or cobicistat.
Reassessing the phylogeny of Quaternary Eurasian Rhinocerotidae
Authors: Pandolfi Luca 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThe phylogenetic relationships within Eurasian Quaternary rhinoceroses is reassessed for the first time by means of Bayesian analysis. The results show Stephanorhinus as a monophyletic clade, with Pliorhinus as a sister taxon and Coelodonta as their closest relative. A new scenario on the origin, evolution and paleobiogeography of Quaternary rhinoceroses is therefore provided. Stephanorhinus originated in the Mediterranean Basin, dispersing towards Eastern Eurasia during the Early Pleistocene and leading to S. kirchbergensis. S. hemitoechus probably originated in Europe.
Two‐dimensional Shear Wave Elastography: Utility in Differentiating Gallbladder Cancer From Chronic Cholecystitis
Authors: Soundararajan Raghuraman , Dutta Usha , Bhatia Anmol , Gupta Pankaj , Nahar Uma , Kaman Lileswar , Bhattacharya Anish , Kumar Ashok , Sandhu Manavjit Singh 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveTo study the utility of 2D shear wave elastography (SWE) and ascertain cut‐off values of shear wave elasticity (SWe) to differentiate benign and malignant thickening of the gallbladder wall.MethodsThis study was a prospective study of patients with symptomatic gallstone disease (GSD, n = 51) and gallbladder cancer (GBC, n = 46) and controls without any biliary disease (n = 46). All the participants underwent 2D USG and SWE of the gallbladder. Grey‐scale ultrasound and SWE were done in the different regions in the gallbladder.ResultsThe median age of the patients with GSD was 49 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 33–55), GBC was 55 years (IQR: 46–65), and controls was 37 years (IQR: 27–48.25). In patients with GBC, asymmetrical mural thickening was the predominant imaging pattern (n = 24, 52.2%). The mean SWe of the abnormal area in GBC (34.99 ± 17.77 kPa [n = 46]) was significantly higher than that of the uninvolved region (18.27 ± 8.12 kPa [n = 35]; P < .01). The mean SWe of the uninvolved region in GBC (18.27 ± 8.12 kPa [n = 35]) was also significantly higher (P < .01) than that of GSD (12.27 ± 4.13 kPa [n = 51]) and controls (10.52 ± 3.75 kPa [n = 46]). On ROC analysis, AUC of 0.927, at a cut‐off of 20 kPa, sensitivity was 91.3%, specificity was 83.5%, positive likelihood ratio was 5.54, and negative likelihood ratio was 0.10 to diagnose GBC.ConclusionThe 2D SWE is a reliable adjunctive tool to grey‐scale USG in differentiating the malignant from benign gallbladder wall and may help to pick up early malignancy in GSD.
Forced drop swinging on vibrated and textured metal substrates
Authors: Xu Jing , Zhou Dongdong , Ni Jing , Li Bin , Lian Jiadi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA new type of vibrated drop wettability mechanism on a micro‐texture surface is proposed and investigated experimentally and theoretically. In this experiment, the mechanical testing machine is used as the vibration source, and the compound control cabinet is used to adjust the vibration liquid feeding table. By comparing the apparent dynamic contact angle, it is concluded that the surface energy of the second cycle is larger than the first one. A swing model and spring‐mass system model are presented to study the vibrated drop motion pattern. The spring‐mass system model is built to analyse the adhesion force working process theoretically. The drop surface energy is transmitted by vibration. With the superposition of vibration energy, the displacement of the drop gravity centre becomes larger and larger until the drop migrates. The adhesion force drives the liquid drop to do reciprocating motion, and it changes the liquid drop dynamic wettability.
Practice patterns regarding combination treatments and laser and energy based devices: A survey of American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery Members
Authors: Dempsey Alison , Watchmaker Jacqueline , Hibler Brian P. , Rossi Anthony 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe use of laser and energy‐based devices (LEBD) has grown exponentially in recent years, and variations in common practices exist. Our study sought to evaluate the current practice paradigms of leaders in the field of LEBD with regard to antimicrobial prophylaxis, adjuvant topical treatments, use of laser procedures in pregnancy, and combination of procedures.MethodsAnonymous surveys were distributed to leading dermatologists in American Society for Laser Medicine & Surgery (ASLMS) via email.ResultsSurveys were distributed to 65 ASLMS members; 37 submitted responses. Routine antiviral prophylaxis is used by 76% for fractional ablative procedures of the face, but only 27% for fractional non‐ablative procedures. Routine antifungal prophylaxis was used by a minority (16%) for ablative procedures, whereas antibacterial prophylaxis was used by 68%, with varying antibiotics. Wide variations exist in skin preparation and topicals used post‐laser treatment. Most respondents feel comfortable combining same‐day LEBD and botulinum toxin injections, specifically vascular or Q‐switched/picosecond lasers. Most respondents avoid performing LEBD during pregnancy.ConclusionsExpert consensus in a rapidly growing field sheds light on common, reliable practices. However, even at the expert level, variations exist. Further high‐quality research is needed to standardize and update guidelines.
Estimates for the p‐Laplacian‐type operator in the subcritical Sobolev exponent range
Authors: Byun Sun‐Sig , Heo Moonhyun , Kim Wontae 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe obtain Calderón–Zygmund‐type gradient estimates below the duality exponent of very weak solutions to p‐Laplacian‐type elliptic equations with non‐divergence datum by providing an analytic approach without using the fractional maximal function of order 1 for the non‐divergence datum.
Antiviral effects and tissue exposure of tetrandrine against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19
Authors: Liu Jia , Wang Furun , Wang Xi , Fan Shiyong , Li Yufeng , Xu Mingyue , Hu Hengrui , Liu Ke , Zheng Bohong , Wang Lingchao , Zhang Huanyu , Li Jiang , Li Wei , Zhang Wenpeng , Hu Zhihong , Cao Ruiyuan , Zhuang Xiaomei , Wang Manli , Zhong Wu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTetrandrine (TET) has been used to treat silicosis in China for decades. The aim of this study was to facilitate rational repurposing of TET against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In this study, we confirmed that TET exhibited antiviral potency against SARS‐CoV‐2 in the African green monkey kidney (Vero E6), human hepatocarcinoma (Huh7), and human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial (Calu‐3) cell lines. TET functioned during the early‐entry stage of SARS‐CoV‐2 and impeded intracellular trafficking of the virus from early endosomes to endolysosomes. An in vivo study that used adenovirus (AdV) 5‐human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (hACE2)‐transduced mice showed that although TET did not reduce pulmonary viral load, it significantly alleviated pathological damage in SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected murine lungs. The systemic preclinical pharmacokinetics were investigated based on in vivo and in vitro models, and the route‐dependent biodistribution of TET was explored. TET had a large volume of distribution, which contributed to its high tissue accumulation. Inhaled administration helped TET target the lung and reduced its exposure to other tissues, which mitigated its off‐target toxicity. Based on the available human pharmacokinetic data, it appeared feasible to achieve an unbound TET 90% maximal effective concentration (EC90) in human lungs. This study provides insights into the route‐dependent pulmonary biodistribution of TET associated with its efficacy.
Assessing population substructure in the Lebanese population: A population study using data on 23 autosomal short tandem repeats
Authors: El Andari Ansar , Khazouh Mira , Mansour Issam 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the genetic substructure of a population is essential for proper forensic genetic analysis. The Lebanese population has a high rate of endogamous and consanguineous marriages and is segregated based on religious belongings. However, no genetic population studies have been performed up to date to estimate the degree of genetic substructure and inbreeding coefficients.MethodsThe present study analyzed a compendium of 23 autosomal STRs typed in 1400 individuals belonging to the seven major Lebanese religious subcommunities. Inbreeding coefficients such as F statistics were estimated.ResultsResults showed a Fst (theta) value of 0.002, indicating a low genetic subdivision within the Lebanese population.ConclusionThis study aimed at assessing the genetic substructure of the Lebanese population by analyzing 1400 Lebanese citizens' samples using 23 STR markers. F statistics were computed to evaluate the degree of genetic substructure. Results showed a Fst value of 0.002, indicating a low genetic subdivision within the Lebanese population.
Modulatory Effect of Fermented Black Soybean and Adlay on Gut Microbiota Contributes to Healthy Aging
Authors: Koh Yen‐Chun , Kuo Lee‐Han , Chang Ya‐Yun , Tung Yen‐Chen , Lo Yi‐Chen , Pan Min‐Hsiung 
Published: January 2023

ScopeAging is a natural process characterized by a multifactorial, physical decline, and functional disability. Nevertheless, healthy aging can be achieved by following a multidirectional strategy. The current study aims to investigate the anti‐aging potential of fermented black soybean and adlay (FBA).Methods and resultsFBA supplements are incorporated into a natural aging mouse model that is designed to evaluate anti‐aging effects. Results show that FBA supplementation prevents muscle loss and visceral adipose tissue accumulation. FBA can also reduce aging biomarkers (including the expression of hepatic p16INK4A and galactosidase beta‐1 (GLB1). Hepatic 8‐hydoxy‐2'‐deoxyguanosine (8‐oxodG) and pro‐inflammatory cytokines have been significantly reduced. Lastly, FBA supplementation improves aging‐related gut microbial dysbiosis by reshaping gut microbial composition and promoting the growth of beneficial microbes such as Alistipes, Anaeroplasma, Coriobacteriaceae UCG002, and Parvibacter members in both genders of aged mice. In the functional prediction of gut microbiota, correlations to metabolic, neurodegenerative, infectious, and immune system diseases have been reduced in supplemented mice compared to aged mice. Moreover, FBA supplementation can reverse the reduced ability of microbiota in aged mice for lipid metabolism and xenobiotics biodegradation.ConclusionsThe results suggest that FBA exhibits noteworthy anti‐aging effects and that it can potentially be developed into a functional food for healthy aging.
A conditional registration network for continuous 4D respiratory motion synthesis
Authors: Sang Yudi , Ruan Dan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundFour‐dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) provides an important physiological information for diagnosis and treatment. On the other hand, its acquisition could be challenged by artifacts due to motion sorting/binning, time and effort bandwidth in image quality QA, and dose considerations. A 4D synthesis development would significantly augment the available data, addressing quality and consistency issues. Furthermore, the high‐quality synthesis can serve as an essential backbone to establish a feasible physiological manifold to support online reconstruction, registration, and downstream analysis from real‐time x‐ray imaging.PurposeOur study aims to synthesize continuous 4D respiratory motion from two extreme respiration phases.MethodsA conditional image registration network is trained to take the end‐inhalation (EI) and end‐exhalation (EE) as input, and output arbitrary breathing phases by varying the conditional variable. A volume compensation and calibration post‐processing is further introduced to improve intensity synthesis accuracy. The method was tested on 20 4DCT scans with a four‐fold cross‐testing scheme and compared against two linear scaling methods and an image translation network.ResultsOur method generated realistic 4D respiratory motion fields that were spatiotemporally smooth, achieving a root‐mean‐square error of (70.1 ± 33.0) HU and structural similarity index of (0.926 ± 0.044), compared to the ground‐truth 4DCT. A 10‐phase synthesis takes about 2.85 s.ConclusionsWe have presented a novel paradigm to synthesize continuous 4D respiratory motion from end‐inhale and end‐exhale image pair. By varying the conditional variable, the network can generate the motion field for an arbitrary intermediate breathing phase with precise control.
Design and field procedures for the clinical reappraisal of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.3 in Qatar's national mental health study
Authors: Amro Iman , Ali Amal , Hassan Mohamed H. M. O. , Al Shawwaf Mahmoud , Alhassan Ahmed , Al Bahari Dalia , El Fakki Hana , Hijawi Zainab , Aly Sheeren , Amin Asmaa , Mohammed Rumaisa , Nofal Marwa , Abdelkader Menatalla , Salman Salma , Currie James , Alabdulla Majid , Sampson Nancy A. , First Michael , Kessler Ronald C. , Woodruff Peter W. , Khaled Salma M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) has been clinically reappraised in several studies conducted mainly in the US and Europe. This report describes the methodology used to conduct one of the Middle East's largest clinical reappraisal studies. The study was carried out in conjunction with the World Mental Health Qatar—the first national psychiatric epidemiological study of common mental disorders in the country. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic consistency of core modules of the newly translated and adapted Arabic version of the CIDI 5.0 against the independent clinical diagnoses based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐5 (SCID‐5).MethodsTelephone follow‐up interviews were administered by trained clinicians using the latest research edition of the SCID for DSM‐5. Telephone administered interviews were key in the data collection, as the study took place during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsOverall, within 12 months, 485 interviews were completed. The response rate was 52%. Quality control monitoring documented excellent adherence of clinical interviews to the rating protocol.ConclusionsThe overall methods used in this study proved to be efficient and effective. For future research, instrument cultural adaptation within the cultural context is highly recommended.
Simultaneous proton resonance frequency T1 ‐ MR shear wave elastography for MR‐guided focused ultrasound multiparametric treatment monitoring
Authors: Odéen Henrik , Hofstetter Lorne W. , Payne Allison H. , Guiraud Ludovic , Dumont Erik , Parker Dennis L. 
Published: January 2023

PurposeTo develop an efficient MRI pulse sequence to simultaneously measure multiple parameters that have been shown to correlate with tissue nonviability following thermal therapies.MethodsA 3D segmented EPI pulse sequence was used to simultaneously measure proton resonance frequency shift (PRFS) MR thermometry (MRT), T1 relaxation time, and shear wave velocity induced by focused ultrasound (FUS) push pulses. Experiments were performed in tissue mimicking gelatin phantoms and ex vivo bovine liver. Using a carefully designed FUS triggering scheme, a heating duty cycle of approximately 65% was achieved by interleaving FUS ablation pulses with FUS push pulses to induce shear waves in the tissue.ResultsIn phantom studies, temperature increases measured with PRFS MRT and increases in T1 correlated with decreased shear wave velocity, consistent with material softening with increasing temperature. During ablation in ex vivo liver, temperature increase measured with PRFS MRT initially correlated with increasing T1 and decreasing shear wave velocity, and after tissue coagulation with decreasing T1 and increasing shear wave velocity. This is consistent with a previously described hysteresis in T1 versus PRFS curves and increased tissue stiffness with tissue coagulation.ConclusionAn efficient approach for simultaneous and dynamic measurements of PRSF, T1, and shear wave velocity during treatment is presented. This approach holds promise for providing co‐registered dynamic measures of multiple parameters, which correlates to tissue nonviability during and following thermal therapies, such as FUS.
Confounder‐correctedT1mapping in the liver through simultaneous estimation ofT1,PDFF, R2*, and B1+ in a single breath‐hold acquisition
Authors: Roberts Nathan T. , Tamada Daiki , Muslu Yavuz , Hernando Diego , Reeder Scott B. 
Published: January 2023

PurposeQuantitative volumetricT1mapping in the liver has the potential to aid in the detection, diagnosis, and quantification of liver fibrosis, inflammation, and spatially resolved liver function. However, accurate measurement of hepaticT1is confounded by the presence of fat and inhomogeneous excitation. Furthermore, scan time constraints related to respiratory motion require tradeoffs of reduced volumetric coverage and/or increased acquisition time. This work presents a novel 3D acquisition and estimation method for confounder‐correctedT1measurement over the entire liver within a single breath‐hold through simultaneous estimation ofT1, fat and .Theory and MethodsThe proposed method combines chemical shift encoded MRI and variable flip angle MRI with a mapping technique to enable confounder‐correctedT1mapping. The method was evaluated theoretically and demonstrated in both phantom and in vivo acquisitions at 1.5 and 3.0T. At 1.5T, the method was evaluated both pre‐ and post‐ contrast enhancement in healthy volunteers.ResultsThe proposed method demonstrated excellent linear agreement with reference inversion‐recovery spin‐echo basedT1in phantom acquisitions at both 1.5 and 3.0T, with minimal bias (5.2 and 45 ms, respectively) overT1ranging from 200–1200 ms. In vivo results were in general agreement with reference saturation‐recovery based 2DT1maps (SMART1Map, GE Healthcare).ConclusionThe proposed 3DT1mapping method accounts for fat and confounders through simultaneous estimation ofT1, , PDFF and . It demonstrates strong linear agreement with referenceT1measurements, with low bias and high precision, and can achieve full liver coverage in a single breath‐hold.