bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trialkoxysilane Exchange: Scope, Mechanism, Cryptates and pH‐Response
Authors: Hollstein Selina , Erdmann Philipp , Ulmer Andreas , Löw Henrik , Greb Lutz , von Delius Max 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe dynamic covalent chemistry (DCvC) of the Si−O bond holds unique opportunities, but has rarely been employed to assemble discrete molecular architectures. This may be due to the harsh conditions required to initiate exchange reactions at silicon in aprotic solvents. Herein, we provide a comprehensive experimental and computational account on the reaction of trialkoxysilanes with alcohols and identify mild conditions for rapid exchange in aprotic solvents. Substituent, solvent and salt effects are uncovered, understood and exploited for the construction of sila‐orthoester cryptates. A sharp, divergent pH‐response of the obtained cages renders this substance class attractive for future applications well beyond host‐guest chemistry, for instance, in drug delivery.
Performance and application of microbial fuel cells with sodium alginate/agar/activated carbon composite as efficient biocompatible anode
Authors: Zhu Pengcheng , Zhuo Shumin , Zhang Weiying , Ying Xiaoguang , Huang Jianying , Li Xiao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicrobial fuel cells (MFCs) are a potential biotechnology for simultaneous degradation of organic wastewater and power generation. In this paper, a biocompatible composite is constructed around a copper mesh with sodium alginate/agar and activated carbon (CM‐SA/AC) and acts as an efficient anode for MFCs after being microbe immobilized. The power performance of the MFC with CM‐SA/AC anode is investigated. The results show that the addition of activated carbon is conducive to the immobilization of bacteria on CM‐SA/AC anode and fast start‐up of MFCs. The power density reaches 1088.6 mW/m2, which is 2.03 times and 1.75 times that of CM‐SA (without activated carbon) anode and carbon felt anode, respectively. In case of a candied wastewater treatment, the MFC with immobilized CM‐SA/AC anode exhibits a much higher power density (724.5 mW/m2) than that with carbon felt anode (145.0 mW/m2), together with a longer stabilization time and a smaller charge‐transfer resistance. The total removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) reaches 79.4 ± 0.65%. The present study will facilitate the development of inexpensive and biocompatible anodes to facilitate the application of MFCs in wastewater treatment.
Fabrication of Ce‐doped Hollow NiCo2O4Nanoprisms with Heterointerface from MOF‐Engaged Strategy for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liu Qingyi , Kang Fuyun , He Tianyu , Liu Liangliang , Tang Yu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe reasonable design and controlled synthesis of efficient and hollow nanocatalysts with plentiful heterointerface and fully exposed active sites to accelerate the electron transfer and mass transfer process for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is highly desirable for water splitting by electrolysis. Herein, a metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐engaged strategy is developed to prepare Ce‐doped hollow mesoporous NiCo2O4nanoprisms (NiCo2O4/CeO2HNPs) for enhanced OER. Due to the advanced synthesis strategy generating a large number of interfaces between NiCo2O4and CeO2, as well as modulated electrons of the active center by the synergistic action of multi‐metals, the obtained catalyst exhibits excellent OER performance with a small overpotential of 290 mV at current density (J) of 10 mA cm−2. Spinel/Perovskite hollow nanoprisms synthesized by a similar way demonstrates the versatility of our strategy. This work may provide new insights into the development of rare earth‐doped hollow polymetallic spinel oxide catalysts.
Real‐time game‐theoretic model predictive control for differential game of target defense
Authors: Sani Mukhtar , Hably Ahmad , Robu Bogdan , Dumon Jonathan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper evaluates experimentally a novel strategy for solving a variant of the differential game of target defense in presence of obstacles. The game is widely applied in the areas of military defense for protecting important equipment such as a ship, an aircraft, a moving vehicle, or a sensitive installation from a malicious attacker. The state‐of‐the‐art approaches mostly employ an offline optimization strategy that is only applicable to holonomic robots. Moreover, most of the approaches could not autonomously avoid obstacles or take into account uncertainties. As a consequence, this paper presents an online optimization technique, by designing a trade‐off parameter that integrates game theory with the model predictive control, which allows a nonholonomic defender to intercept the attacker while simultaneously defending the target. Simulations under different conditions as well as several indoor laboratory experiments validate the proposed approach. Moreover, performance is compared with a standard model predictive control approach.
Planung und Neubau einer Straßenbrücke aus Carbonbeton – Carbonbeton „The Next Step“
Authors: Lorenz Enrico , Peter Alexander , May Sebastian , Bösche Thomas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn der ostsächsischen Ortschaft Wurschen (Landkreis Bautzen) wurde im Jahr 2021 Sachsens erste Straßenbrücke aus Carbonbeton errichtet. Durch den Einsatz der neuartigen Carbonbetonbauweise sollen der Erhaltungsaufwand sowie die Wartungszyklen für Brückenbauwerke verringert und die Nutzungsdauer gegenüber dem heutigen Brückenbestand aus Stahlbeton deutlich gesteigert werden. Die hochzugfesten und unter den nutzbaren Spannungsbereichen nahezu ermüdungsresistenten Carbonbewehrungen sind hierbei aufgrund ihrer Beständigkeit gegenüber Bewehrungskorrosion für den Einsatz im Bereich des Brückenbaus prädestiniert. Die Planung des Bauwerks wurde unter Beachtung der im Rahmen der langjährigen Forschungen der Institute für Massivbau der Technischen Universität Dresden und der Rheinisch‐Westfälisch Technischen Hochschule Aachen ermittelten Bemessungs‐ und Konstruktionsgrundlagen durchgeführt. Die bauliche Umsetzung der Baumaßnahme erfolgte in Ortbetonbauweise unter Verwendung von Carbonflächenbewehrungen (Carbongittern), Carbonstabbewehrungen und üblichen Konstruktionsbetonen. Im Anschluss an die erfolgreiche Fertigstellung des Bauwerks konnte die Tragfähigkeit der Straßenbrücke aus Carbonbeton durch Belastungsversuche mit einem umfangreichen Messprogramm bestätigt werden. Die planmäßige Verkehrsfreigabe des Bauwerks erfolgte im Dezember 2021.
Sulfones Bearing Perfluorinated Pyridine Group: Synthesis and Photocatalytic Reaction with α‐(Trifluoromethyl)styrenes
Authors: Savchenko Artem G. , Zubkov Mikhail O. , Kokorekin Vladimir A. , Hu Jinbo , Dilman Alexander D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA photocatalytic protocol for the reductive coupling of tetrafluoropyridyl‐substituted sulfones with α‐(trifluoromethyl)styrenes in the presence of zinc and sodium iodide is reported. Sulfones were obtained by oxidation of the corresponding sulfides catalyzed by molybdenum or ruthenium salts. A combination of sulfonyl fragment and electron depleting fluorinated pyridyl group is a key feature determined properties of these sulfones. Their propensity to undergo single electron reduction and to form electron donor‐acceptor complexes with N‐arylamines were evaluated. Plausible pathways of fragmentation of radical anion generated after single electron reduction of sulfones were analyzed, and the pathway leading to the formation of the alkyl radical and the sulfinate anion was found preferable.
Synthesis of Tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines by a Manganese‐Catalysed Oxidative Pictet–Spengler Reaction
Authors: Shao Zhihui , Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Xinyan , Wang Weilin , Ding Jiaqiao , Cui Bing , Zhao Mingqin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHerein, an efficient and green procedure for the synthesis of tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines via dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols with tryptamines is reported. The reaction was carried out under mild conditions in the presence of a catalytic amount of the iPrPNP−Mn catalyst and a weak base (Na2CO3). This method tolerated a variety of benzylic and aliphatic alcohol substrates with different functional groups and afforded diverse products in good to excellent isolated yields using tryptamines. Using this strategy, we successfully synthesised pharmaceutical molecules harman, harmaline, and harmine in a concise manner.
Trinuclear PdII Complexes with a C3‐Symmetric Triethynylbenzene‐Based Tris‐NHC Ligand: Catalytic Benefits
Authors: Mondal Bhaskar , Naskar Rajat , Dey Aditya , Sinha Narayan , Hahn F. Ekkehardt , Maity Ramananda 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA new C3‐symmetric tris‐imidazolium tribromide salt 3, featuring 1,3,5‐substituted triethynylbenzene, was used for the preparation of a trinuclear PdII pyridine‐enhanced precatalyst preparation stabilization and initiation‐type (PEPPSI) complex by triple C2 deprotonation followed by the addition of PdCl2. Trinuclear PdII complex possessing a combination of NHC and PPh3 ligands has also been synthesized. The corresponding mononuclear palladium(II) complexes have also been synthesized for the comparison purpose. All these complexes have been characterized by using NMR spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry. The molecular structure of the trinuclear palladium(II) complex bearing mixed carbene and pyridine donor ligands has been established by using single crystal XRD. All the palladium(II) complexes have been used as pre‐catalysts, which gave good to excellent yields in intermolecular α‐arylation of 1‐methyl‐2‐oxindole and Sonogashira coupling reaction. Catalytic studies indicate an enhanced activity of the trinuclear PdII complex in comparison to the corresponding mononuclear PdII complex for both catalytic transformations. The better performance of the trinuclear complex has also been further supported by preliminary electrochemical measurements. A negative mercury poison test was observed for both the aforementioned catalyses and therefore, it is likely that these organic transformations proceed homogeneously.
A Transparent, Healable and Recyclable Alicyclic Poly(ether‐b‐amide) Multiblock Copolymer with Ultrahigh Toughness
Authors: Lu Weijian , Zhu Ping , Zhao Ying , Wang Dujin , Dong Xia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSelf‐healing polyamide multiblock copolymer with robust mechanical properties is highly desired. Here, an alicyclic diamine monomer, isophoronediamine (IPDA), with asymmetric structure and substantial steric hindrance was incorporated into the backbone of poly(ether‐b‐amide) multiblock copolymer. Based on the phase‐lock effect, the mechanical properties and segmental mobility of copolymers can be modulated on a large scale via adjusting the molecular weight of hard segments. An extraordinary tensile strength of 32.0 MPa and an excellent elongation at break of 1881 % were simultaneously achieved, which leaded to a record‐high toughness of 328.9 MJ m−3 for self‐healable polyamide elastomers. The synergism between the dynamic H‐bonding networks and the diffusion of polymer chains contributed to a balance between the mechanical performance and self‐healing efficiency of copolymers. Due to the adjustable mechanical performance, rapid scratch self‐healing ability and superior impact resistance, the resultant copolymers showed great potential in the fields of protective coatings and soft electronics.
Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry With Collision Induced Dissociation of Uranyl Peroxide Nanoclusters Containing Various Uranyl Bridging Ligands
Authors: Rodriguez Virginia G. , Burns Peter C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractElectrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with collision‐induced dissociation (ESI‐MS/MS) was utilized to study the gas phase fragmentation of uranyl peroxide nanoclusters with hydroxo, peroxo, oxalate, and pyrophosphate bridging ligands. These nanoclusters fragment into uranium monomers and dimers with mass‐to‐charge (m/z) ratios in the 280–380 region. The gas phase fragmentation of each cluster studied yields a distinct UO6− anion attributed to the cleavage of a uranyl ion bound to 2 peroxide groups, along with other anions that can be attributed to the initial composition of the nanoclusters.
Etheno‐bridged Azaacene Spiro Dimers
Authors: Ahrens Lukas , Rominger Frank , Freudenberg Jan , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe present the synthesis of two sets of spiro‐connected azaacene dimers. Their geometry and electronic coupling are critically determined by a secondary linker, i. e., an etheno‐ and an ethano‐bridge. The core fragment of the etheno‐bridged dimer corresponds to a conformationally locked cis‐stilbene. Optoelectronic properties, single crystal X‐ray structures and stability with respect to oxidation of the conjugated and non‐conjugated dimers are reported and compared. The conjugated dimers exhibit smaller optical gaps and bathochromically shifted absorption maxima, but are prone to unexpected oxygen addition, dearomatizing one of the azaacene substituents.
Historical pesticide applications for the treatment of eastern spruce budworm infestations in New Brunswick
Authors: Heartz Shane , MacLean David A. , Johns Rob C. , Carleton Drew , Amos‐Binks Luke , Anderson Quinn , Yu Yue , Lewis Andrew D. , Lavigne Dan , Burant Joseph B. , Edge Christopher B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPesticides have been used in Canada since 1945 as part of large‐scale aerial spray applications to control insect pests on forested lands. Some of the pesticides used historically were efficacious, nonselective, persistent, and have led to serious impacts on the environment. A well known, and extensively documented example is the large‐scale aerial spray programs in New Brunswick, Canada. From 1952 to 1993, 97% of the 6.2 million ha of the forested lands of New Brunswick were treated with at least one application of one insecticide, the majority of which were applied to control outbreaks of eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana). The most well known insecticide was dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), applied from 1952 to 1968, which still persists in treated soils and adjacent water bodies, and caused the individual and cumulative ecosystem effects that can still be measured today. The insecticides that replaced DDT were nonpersistent and unlikely to be found today. However, during the years of application some of the insecticides were likely to have impacted local ecosystems to some degree. To aid future studies on the efficacy and environmental impact of these insecticides we created a digital spatial data set of known pesticide application in New Brunswick forestry from 1952 to 1993. The data set includes active ingredient, formulation, application rate, tank mix, aircraft type, and other ancillary information. The current version of the data is available on the New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy Development, GIS Open Data Page and in the supplemental material. Use of the data set for academic and educational purposes is encouraged, provided that both this data paper and the data source are properly cited; the Government of New Brunswick should be acknowledged as the data source (Open Government License http://www.snb.ca/e/2000/data-E.html).
Advances in electrolyzer design and development for electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: He Ruinan , Xu Nengneng , Hasan Israr Masood ul , Peng Luwei , Li Lulu , Huang Haitao , Qiao Jinli 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn view of global energy transition and environmental issues, electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to high value‐added chemicals by using clean renewable electricity, as an advanced carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology, demonstrates a promising approach to reach the carbon neutrality with additional economic benefits as well. Over the past decade, various new valid catalysts in electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECO2R) have been designed and intensively investigated. Unfortunately, constructing appropriate ECO2R electrolyzer with high conversion rate and long‐term stability to unleash the full potential benefits of electrocatalysts remains a recognized challenge, especially as it has not yet attracted attention. This review summarizes the progress of ECO2R reactor and their corresponding structure characteristics/ electrochemical performance. Besides, the current challenges and bottlenecks of CO2RR reactor are discussed. We aim to introduce the advances in ECO2R electrolyzer in detail to offer enlightenment for large‐scale industrial application of ECO2R.image
Social acceptance of policy instrument design during times of crisis
Authors: Fossati Flavia , Trein Philipp 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDisasters create challenges for governments as they need to design effective and legitimate policy instruments to deal with the crisis. In this paper, we analyze social acceptance of regulations and financial investments in crisis governance, taking the example of the COVID‐19 pandemic. By using data from two survey experiments in Switzerland, we show that respondents support rules that temporarily centralize decision‐making power to the national level but object to regulations that would make contact tracing efforts mandatory. The data shows also that citizens support financial investments of tax money to prevent future crises. Those who are afraid of the health consequences of the crisis are especially favorable to stricter regulations and financial investment, whereas economic worries related to the crisis specifically and political ideology in general barely explain variance in support for crisis responses. In general, this research contributes to our understanding of how survey experiments can be used to analyze social acceptance of policy instrument design.
A risk‐targeted seismic performance assessment of elephant‐foot buckling in walls of unanchored steel storage tanks
Authors: Vasquez Munoz Luz Elizabeth , Dolšek Matjaž 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnanchored steel storage tanks are used in industrial plants to store oil and other petrochemical liquids. In a major earthquake, such tanks may sustain different types of damage, including elasto‐plastic buckling in the shape of an elephant's foot, which is the object of the research. The methodology introduced in this paper consists of cloud‐based 1D site response analysis (SRA) and pushover‐based seismic performance assessment of the tank wall using a 3D non‐linear model of the tank. The SRA, which considers the recorded ground motions on the rock outcrop and the sample of interval shear‐wave velocity profiles, is carried out to estimate spectral accelerations at the tank impulsive period. By adopting the code‐based model of hydrodynamic pressures, the seismic demand on the tank wall is then calculated by pushover analysis. The risk‐targeted decision model is used for safety verification. The proposed methodology is demonstrated through an example of a large liquid storage tank for which it is shown that the fragility function for peak ground acceleration at the rock outcrop is on the left side of the target fragility function, indicating that the tank cannot be considered safe from elephant‐foot buckling. The introduced assessment process is relatively simple if the cloud‐based SRA is automated. However, further experimental and numerical investigations are required to confirm the validity range of the pushover analysis for the seismic performance assessment of tanks.
Lacking time: A case study of student and faculty perceptions of academic workload in the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Hilliger Isabel , Astudillo Gabriel , Baier Jorge 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo avoid the spread of COVID‐19, most engineering programs rapidly shifted to emergency online education, and prior research has associated online education with academic overload. Before the pandemic, engineering curricula were already packed with content and course assignments, so more studies should explore how the unprecedented conditions of remote learning affected the intensive academic workload of engineering programs.Purpose/HypothesisThis study addresses the following research question: How did the COVID‐19 pandemic affect the perceptions of engineering instructors and students regarding their academic workload? Thus, the main research objective is to explore the influence of COVID‐19 on the perceived academic workload, extrapolating lessons learned for engineering education settings.Design/MethodDuring 2020, we developed a single‐case study to understand academic workload in 22 engineering majors at a large Latin American university. We triangulated different sources of institutional and research‐focused evidence, including two instructor surveys (n = 110), two student surveys (n = 2218), two student focus groups (n = 18), and workload measurement surveys (n = 3131).ResultsBoth instructors and students experienced academic overload since the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Throughout the first year, instructors became capable of accommodating course activities and assignments to students' particular circumstances. Regardless of these efforts, students continue perceiving academic overload, particularly affecting those who experience connectivity issues or frequent problems with their personal computer or tablet.ConclusionsFurther efforts are needed to support course planning and self‐regulated learning in engineering education. In these lines, lessons learned were captured and shared to inform engineering education research and practice beyond the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Clinical guideline highlights for the hospitalist: The use of blended diets in children with enteral feeding tubes
Authors: Carpenter Ariel , Pfarr Marie A. 
Published: April 2023

GUIDELINE TITLE: The Use of Blended Diets in Children With Enteral Feeding Tubes: A Joint Position Paper of the ESPGHAN Committees of Allied Health Professionals and NutritionRELEASE DATE: January 1, 2023PRIOR VERSION(S): n/aDEVELOPER: ESPGHAN Committees of Allied Health Professionals and NutritionFUNDING SOURCE: ESPGHAN Committees of Allied Health Professionals and NutritionTARGET POPULATION: Pediatricians, Pediatric Hospitalist
Thermosensitive Microneedles Capable of On Demand Insulin Release for Precise Diabetes Treatment
Authors: Jiang Sihao , Bian Jiayi , Shi Xintong , Hu Yong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs a novel painless and minimally invasive transdermal drug delivery method, microneedles have solved the challenges of microbial infection and tissue necrosis associated with multiple subcutaneous injections in patients with diabetes. However, traditional soluble microneedles cannot switch drug release on and off according to the patient's needs during long‐term use, which is one of the most critical elements of diabetes treatment. Herein, an insoluble thermosensitive microneedle (ITMN) that can control the release of insulin by adjusting the temperature, enabling the precise treatment of diabetes is designed. Thermosensitive microneedles are produced by in situ photopolymerization of the temperature‐sensitive compound N‐isopropylacrylamide with the hydrophilic monomer N‐vinylpyrrolidone, which is encapsulated with insulin and bound to a mini‐heating membrane. ITMN are demonstrated to have good mechanical strength and temperature sensitivity, can release significantly different insulin doses at different temperatures, and effectively regulate blood glucose in type I diabetic mice. Therefore, the ITMN provides a possibility for intelligent and convenient on‐demand drug delivery for patients with diabetes, and when combined with blood glucose testing devices, it has the potential to form an integrated and precise closed‐loop treatment for diabetes, which is of great importance in diabetes management.