bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prompting for products: investigating design space exploration strategies for text-to-image generative models
Authors: Chong Leah , Lo I-Ping , Rayan Jude , Dow Steven , Ahmed Faez , Lykourentzou Ioanna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Text-to-image models are enabling efficient design space exploration, rapidly generating images from text prompts. However, many generative AI tools are imperfect for product design applications as they are not built for the goals and requirements of product design. The unclear link between text input and image output further complicates their application. This work empirically investigates design space exploration strategies that can successfully yield product images that are feasible, novel and aesthetic – three common goals in product design. Specifically, users’ actions within the global and local editing modes, including their time spent, prompt length, mono versus multi-criteria prompts, and goal orientation of prompts, are analyzed. Key findings reveal the pivotal role of mono versus multi-criteria and goal orientation of prompts in achieving specific design goals over time and prompt length. The study recommends prioritizing the use of multi-criteria prompts for feasibility and novelty during global editing while favoring mono-criteria prompts for aesthetics during local editing. Overall, this article underscores the nuanced relationship between the AI-driven text-to-image models and their effectiveness in product design, urging designers to carefully structure prompts during different editing modes to better meet the unique demands of product design.
Slavery on the Northern Frontier: A Stylus Tablet from Vindolanda
Authors: Meyer Alexander , Mullen Alex , Tomlin Roger 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA Roman stylus tablet discovered at Vindolanda in 2014 preserves the partial text of a deed-of-sale for an enslaved person, only the second such document from Britain. This article presents the results of multiple techniques used to reveal the almost illegible text and proposes a restoration of the format of the document and its lost content, based on more complete examples from Italy and around the Empire. We examine the late first-century archaeological and historical context and suggest that the purchaser is probably the prefect Iulius Verecundus. We consider other possible evidence for the servi of the commanders at Vindolanda, for example in another hard-to-decipher stylus tablet which may be related to their travel. The deed-of-sale provides a new type of testimony for slavery at Vindolanda and adds to knowledge of enslavement in the Roman military.
The distribution and numbers of gamekeepers in Norfolk: 1851 to 1921
Authors: Bailey Juliet 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Most studies of gamekeepers focussed on poaching and the role of the gamekeeper in society or were gamekeeper’s memoirs, but recently, Osborne and Winstanley and the current author have examined gamekeeper numbers in England at the county level, demonstrating variation across location and time, with significant differences between counties. This study undertakes, for the first time, a detailed examination of one county (Norfolk) from 1851 to 1921. Analysis of census returns revealed how the numbers and locations of gamekeepers varied between and within districts over time. Several factors that might influence gamekeeper numbers were examined, and the results suggested that geology, agricultural economics, and fashion were more important influences on numbers than poaching. The major employers of gamekeepers were concentrated in the west of Norfolk, in areas of sandy, acidic soils, where agricultural pressures drove the creation of large estates, readily converted to shooting.
Two hundred barrels of manure: Fertilisation, environmental stewardship, and short-term leasehold in Cambrésis, 1330–1400
Authors: Jensen Arnoud 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
From its spread in the thirteenth century onwards, short-term leasehold became one of the most common and powerful institutions of land management in Western Europe. Its rise is often strongly connected to the commercialisation of agriculture and short-term profit-seeking, with overexploitation of the soil as a consequence. However, when looking closely at short-term lease contracts of the fourteenth century, these extensive documents often contain a multitude of clauses on the upkeep of the soil, water management, and care for the present fauna and flora. This paper aims to investigate how the management of the soil was regulated through a leasehold in Cambrésis, currently in the north of France, through an in-depth study of the clauses on fertilisation by manure and care for the soil, as recorded in two rather unique fourteenth-century lease ledgers. What can these contracts reveal about contemporary agricultural practices, such as fertilisation? How did the administrators of the Saint-Julien hospital and the collegial chapter of Saint-Géry in Cambrai safeguard the long-term health and value of their leased-out properties in a period of severe crises and rising commercial pressure? Through this research, this paper proposes that short-term leasehold could, in certain conditions, stimulate forms of environmental stewardship.
Rising Threats to U.S. Democracy
Authors: Skocpol Theda 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This is the expanded written version of the James Madison Lecture delivered on September 6, 2024, at the APSA Annual Meeting in Philadelphia, PA. I grapple with the pressing question before us as social scientists and as citizens: How and why have US politics and governance arrived at the present juncture where long-standing constitutional practices and democratically responsive governance are very much at stake? My answer focuses on what I see as the prime driver of the current crisis: the recent radicalization of the Republican Party and its allies, as they have pursued two forms and phases of antidemocratic politics. The first version involves maximum use of legal hardball steps that stretch existing laws and rules to disadvantage partisan opponents (I also call this approach “McConnellism” in honor of its chief practitioner, outgoing GOP Senate Leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky). The second approach targets political competitors and government operations with extralegal harassment, threats of violence, and even actual violence. Drawing on my own research with many collaborators, as well as from many excellent studies by colleagues in political science and beyond, I will dissect the elite and popular roots of recent Republican embrace of both forms of antidemocratic politics.
A Neurosymbolic Framework for Bias Correction in Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: PADALKAR PARTH , ŚLUSARZ NATALIA , KOMENDANTSKAYA EKATERINA , GUPTA GOPAL 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRecent efforts in interpreting convolutional neural networks (CNNs) focus on translating the activation of CNN filters into a stratified Answer Set Program (ASP) rule-sets. The CNN filters are known to capture high-level image concepts, thus the predicates in the rule-set are mapped to the concept that their corresponding filter represents. Hence, the rule-set exemplifies the decision-making process of the CNN w.r.t the concepts that it learns for any image classification task. These rule-sets help understand the biases in CNNs, although correcting the biases remains a challenge. We introduce a neurosymbolic framework called NeSyBiCor for bias correction in a trained CNN. Given symbolic concepts, as ASP constraints, that the CNN is biased toward, we convert the concepts to their corresponding vector representations. Then, the CNN is retrained using our novel semantic similarity loss that pushes the filters away from (or toward) learning the desired/undesired concepts. The final ASP rule-set obtained after retraining, satisfies the constraints to a high degree, thus showing the revision in the knowledge of the CNN. We demonstrate that our NeSyBiCor framework successfully corrects the biases of CNNs trained with subsets of classes from the Places dataset while sacrificing minimal accuracy and improving interpretability.
Quantifying over Optimum Answer Sets
Authors: MAZZOTTA GIUSEPPE , RICCA FRANCESCO , TRUSZCZYNSKI MIREK 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAnswer Set Programming with Quantifiers (ASP(Q)) has been introduced to provide a natural extension of ASP modeling to problems in the polynomial hierarchy (PH). However, ASP(Q) lacks a method for encoding in an elegant and compact way problems requiring a polynomial number of calls to an oracle in $\Sigma _n^p$ (that is, problems in $\Delta _{n+1}^p$). Such problems include, in particular, optimization problems. In this paper, we propose an extension of ASP(Q), in which component programs may contain weak constraints. Weak constraints can be used both for expressing local optimization within quantified component programs and for modeling global optimization criteria. We showcase the modeling capabilities of the new formalism through various application scenarios. Further, we study its computational properties obtaining complexity results and unveiling non-obvious characteristics of ASP(Q) programs with weak constraints.
Microstructural and Seismic Characteristics of Mantle Xenoliths From Damaping Area, and Their Geodynamic Implications of North China Craton Destruction
Authors: Shao Yilun , Liu Cai , Gao Rui , Li Shan , Zhao Tianshuo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe large‐volume lithospheric mantle xenoliths around the Damaping area provides valuable insights into the detailed destruction progression of the North China Craton (NCC). This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the microstructural and seismic properties of oriented mantle xenoliths (with distinct foliation and lineation). The selected peridotites all have coarse‐grained textures. The olivine crystallographic preferred orientations (CPOs) are predominantly axial‐[010] type (or AG‐type), with all xenoliths have girdled [100]OL and [001]OL characteristics. B‐type olivine CPO is newly discovered in the research area. Analysis of crystallographic vorticity axis (CVA) projections indicates that more than half of Damaping xenoliths have CVA maxima (sub)parallel to the lineation. These microstructure characteristics suggest that B‐type CPOs were formed before the onset of pure shear‐dominated transpression and pyroxene restriction, which significantly influenced the lithospheric mantle evolution. The upwelling asthenosphere beneath Eastern Block of the NCC not only delaminated its lithospheric mantle but also experienced rollback and flowed along the WNW‐SEE direction. This progression likely serves as the primary driving force of transpression. If foliation were vertical and lineation were horizontal, the valid S‐wave anisotropies range is 5%–12%. All selected samples are spinel facies, resulting in a maximum in situ depth of 90 km, and the calculated SKS splitting delay times (0.5–1.3 s) align with previous seismological observations. The SKS direction in the research area is predominantly oriented perpendicular (NNE‐SSW) to the flow direction of nearby asthenosphere. These characteristics are likely attributed to transpression. Therefore, the “fossil” anisotropy may have developed after the cessation of transpression.
RNF128 deficiency in macrophages promotes colonic inflammation by suppressing the autophagic degradation of S100A8
Authors: Ran Xianwen , Li Yue , Ren Yahui , Chang Weilong , Deng Rui , Wang Huifen , Zhu Weiwei , Zhang Yize , Cai Yudie , Hu Jia , Wang Di , Liu Zhibo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Macrophages play important roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). However, the underlying mechanisms that govern macrophage-mediated inflammation are still largely unknown. In this study, we report that RNF128 is downregulated in proinflammatory macrophages. RNF128 deficiency leads to elevated levels of effector cytokines in vitro and accelerates the progression of IBD in mouse models. Bone marrow transplantation experiments revealed that RNF128 deficiency in bone marrow cells contributes to the worsening of DSS-induced colitis. Mechanistically, RNF128 interacts with and destabilizes S100A8 by promoting its autophagic degradation, which is mediated by the cargo receptor Tollip. Moreover, the administration of an S100A8 neutralizing antibody mitigated the development of colitis and improved survival in DSS-treated Rnf128

−/−
mice. Overall, our study underscores the anti-inflammatory role of RNF128 in macrophages during the progression of colitis and highlights the potential of targeting the RNF128-Tollip-S100A8 axis to attenuate intestinal inflammation for the treatment of colitis.
Mapping Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors: An Annotated MRI Dataset Profiling Tumor and Carotid Characteristics
Authors: Pandit A. S. , Keenlyside A. , Khan D. Z. , Reischer G. , Kamal M. A. , Yoh N. , Jaunmuktane Z. , Borg A. , Dorward N. L. , Baldeweg S. E. , Davagnanam I. , Hyare H. , Nachev P. , Marcus H. J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors remain one of the most common intracranial tumors. While radiomic research related to pituitary tumors is progressing, public data sets for external validation remain scarce. We introduce an open dataset comprising high-resolution T1 contrast-enhanced MR scans of 136 patients with pituitary tumors, annotated for tumor segmentation and accompanied by clinical, radiological and pathological metadata. This diverse dataset captures variations in tumor size, location, and pathological activity, essential for understanding this complex condition. Expert annotations of both the tumor and adjacent carotid arteries ensure precise delineation, facilitating the development of automated segmentation algorithms. Our initiative addresses the need for standardized data in pituitary oncology, fosters collaboration and innovation, and enables the development and benchmarking of workflows that utilize pituitary radiomics for treatment planning and outcome prediction.
Draft genome sequence of Kei apple, an underutilized African tree crop
Authors: Kariba Robert , Waweru Bernice , Njaci Isaac , Banda Linly , Mwangi Jenniffer W. , Harimanantsoa R Antso , Muthemba Samuel , Featherstone Jonathan , Hendre Prasad , Jamnadass Ramni , Van Deynze Allen , Domelevo Entfellner Jean-Baka , Shorinola Oluwaseyi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To address food and nutrition security in the face of burgeoning global populations and erratic climatic conditions there is a need to include nutrient dense, climatic resilient but neglected indigenous fruit trees in agrifood systems. Here we present the draft genome sequence of Kei Apple, Dovyalis afra, a neglected indigenous African fruit tree with untapped potential to contribute to nutrient security and improved livelihoods. Our long-read-based genome assembly comprises 440 Mbp sequence across 1190 contigs with a N50 and L50 of 13.3 Mbp and 11, respectively. We also annotated the genome and identified 27,449 protein-coding genes. Our genome assembly provides a valuable resource for unlocking the food security and nutraceutical potential of Kei apple.
New geographic information system based sustainability metric for isolated photovoltaic systems
Authors: Elazab Rasha , Daowd Mohamed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The integration of photovoltaic (PV) technologies is vital for achieving sustainable energy solutions in isolated systems. However, A critical challenge that remains is maintaining the sustainability of these systems under the fluctuating conditions of solar irradiance, which is key for isolated energy systems. This study hypothesizes that the sustainability of PV systems can be accurately assessed through a new metric that incorporates performance consistency, variability, and resilience, using real-time energy production data alongside GIS-based solar radiation models. By analyzing fixed PV, concentrated PV (CPV), and dual axis tracking PV (DATPV) systems over a three-year period (2017–2019), The analysis indicates that DATPV systems achieved the highest energy output, with energy ratios exceeding 300% in 2019, though this was accompanied by substantial variability in performance. Fixed PV systems demonstrated the most stable performance, with a consistency term reaching 0.93 and a sustainability score of 0.87 in 2019. CPV systems performed moderately, with a sustainability score of 0.66 in 2017. These results highlight the trade-off between energy capture and operational stability, which is critical for sustainable energy management in isolated systems.
High genomic connectivity within Anatoma at hydrothermal vents along the Central and Southeast Indian Ridge
Authors: Kniesz Katharina , Hoffman Leon , Martínez Arbizu Pedro , Kihara Terue C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hydrothermal vents are ecosystems inhabited by a highly specialized fauna. To date, more than 30 gastropod species have been recorded from vent fields along the Central and Southeast Indian Ridge and all of them are assumed to be vent-endemic. During the INDEX project, 701 representatives of the genus Anatoma (Mollusca: Vetigastropoda) were sampled from six abyssal hydrothermal vent fields. Traditional morphology and COI barcoding of Hoffman et al. (Eur J Taxon 826:135–162, 2022) were combined with 2b-RAD sequencing to investigate the anatomid community structure and connectivity between the different vent fields. Consequently, 2b-RAD sequencing supported the primary species hypothesis (based on morphology) for 125 individuals of the recently described taxa A. discapex, A. declivis, A. laevapex and A. paucisculpta. We assigned 22 additional specimens to species with 2b-RAD sequencing and updated the community analyses that confirmed the pattern of expanding populations. Population structure and FST values indicated high connectivity along the six sampled vent fields for the three most abundant species. High levels of gene flow are suggested, pointing to high dispersal potential of the target species along the study area. However, low levels of heterozygosity revealed a small gene pool and therefore an increased vulnerability towards environmental change. Our results demonstrate that 2b-RAD sequencing, in combination with other molecular methods, can accurately characterise macrobenthic mollusc communities. Sequencing technology is an essential tool for ongoing monitoring. Furthermore, we highlight that the inferred molecular and ecological patterns provide valuable insights into hydrothermal vent ecosystems, which are crucial for the successful conservation of these ecosystems.
Cytotoxic mechanisms of pemetrexed and HDAC inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer cells involving ribonucleotides in DNA
Authors: Iveland Tobias Solli , Hagen Lars , de Sousa Mirta Mittelstedt Leal , Liabakk Nina Beate , Aas Per Arne , Sharma Animesh , Kavli Bodil , Slupphaug Geir 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The cytotoxic mechanisms of thymidylate synthase inhibitors, such as the multitarget antifolate pemetrexed, are not yet fully understood. Emerging evidence indicates that combining pemetrexed with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) may enhance therapeutic efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To explore this further, A549 NSCLC cells were treated with various combinations of pemetrexed and the HDACi MS275 (Entinostat), and subsequently assessed for cell viability, cell cycle changes, and genotoxic markers. Proteomic alterations were analyzed using label-free shotgun and targeted LC–MS/MS. MS275 enhanced the sensitivity of A549 cells to pemetrexed, but only when administered following prior treatment with pemetrexed. Both HeLa (p53 negative) and A549 (p53 positive) showed robust activation of γH2AX upon treatment with this combination. Importantly, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of the uracil-DNA glycosylase UNG did not affect γH2AX activation or sensitivity to pemetrexed. Proteomic analysis revealed that MS275 altered the expression of known pemetrexed targets, as well as several proteins involved in pyrimidine metabolism and DNA repair, which could potentiate pemetrexed cytotoxicity. Contrary to the conventional model of antifolate toxicity, which implicates futile cycles of uracil incorporation and excision in DNA, we propose that ribonucleotide incorporation in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA significantly contributes to the cytotoxicity of antifolates like pemetrexed, and likely also of fluorinated pyrimidine analogs. HDAC inhibition apparently exacerbates cytotoxicity of these agents by inhibiting error-free repair of misincorporated ribonucleotides in DNA. The potential of HDACis to modulate pyrimidine metabolism and DNA damage responses offers novel strategies for improving NSCLC outcomes.
1α,25(OH)2D3 Regulates the TGF-β1/Samd
Signaling Pathway Inhibition of Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation
Authors: Zhao Yihan , Fan Jianghao , Wang Jia , Wan Jie , Ma Haiyan , Sha Xiaoying , Wang Hongli 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTo investigate the effect of 1α,25(OH)2D3 on hepatic
stellate cells and the mechanism of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.LX2 cells were treated with TGF-β1 and different concentrations of
1α,25(OH)2D3. Cell proliferation was assessed
using the CCK8 assay to determine the optimal concentration of
1α,25(OH)2D3 activity. The cell cycle and
apoptotic rates were evaluated using flow cytometry. The expressions of
Samd2, Samd3, Samd4, and Samd7 was assessed by western blotting, whereas the
expression of MMP1, MMP13, and TIMP-1 was detected by qPCR.Compared with the control group, the 1α,25(OH)2D3 group
had a higher apoptotic rate of LX2 cells, the cell cycle was blocked from
the G1 stage to the S stage, the expressions of Samd2, Samd7, MMP1, and
MMP13 increased, while the expressions of Samd3, Samd4, and TIMP-1
decreased.1α,25(OH)2D3 inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation
and exerts anti-hepatic fibrosis effects by downregulating the expression of
Samd3, Samd4, TIMP-1 and upregulating the expression of Samd2, Samd4, MMP1,
and MMP13.
Muscle-specific neuromuscular responses during running with blood
flow restriction
Authors: Lubiak Sean M. , Proppe Christopher E. , Rivera Paola M. , Howard Mason A. , Prajapati Anuj J. , Shah Niriham M. , Patel Nihar N. , Hammer Shane M. , Trevino Michael A. , Dinyer-McNeely Taylor K. , Zak Roksana B. , Hill Ethan C. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe purpose of this investigation was to examine muscle excitation at maximal
running capacity without blood flow restriction (BFR) relative to submaximal
running bouts with BFR. Fourteen college-aged males randomly completed four,
three-minute running bouts at 70, 80, and 90% of peak speed with BFR
(70%BFR, 80%BFR, and 90%BFR) and without
BFR at 100% of their peak speed (100%NOBFR). The surface
electromyographic amplitudes of the vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, and vastus
medialis muscles were assessed. Muscle excitation of the vastus lateralis was
similar across most bouts; however, it was lower during the 70%BFR
compared to 90%BFR (Meandiff =−4.67±− 0.22%; Bayesian 95%
high-density interval [HDI]: − 7.07 to − 2.2) and 100%NOBFR (Meandiff
=−2.94±− 0.27%; 95% HDI:−5.33 to−0.50) bouts. For the rectus femoris, muscle
excitation largely increased across running speeds
(70%BFR<80%BFR < 90%BFR;
90%BFR < 100%NOBFR). For the vastus medialis,
muscle excitation was lower during the 70%BFR compared to
90%BFR (Meandiff =−8.15±− 0.28%; 95% HDI:−15.3 to−0.89).
Submaximal running with BFR increased muscle excitation responses for the vastus
lateralis and vastus medialis, such that muscle excitation was similar to
100%BFR, despite 10–20% reductions in running speed. The rectus
femoris muscle, however, was not affected by BFR during the submaximal running
bouts.