bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polydrug use among patients on methadone medication treatment: Evidence from urine drug testing to inform patient safety
Authors: Saloner Brendan , Whitley Penn , Dawson Eric , Passik Steven , Gordon Adam J. , Stein Bradley D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsPatients in methadone medication treatment for opioid use disorder (M‐MOUD) typically have a complex history of opioid use, often in combination with other drugs. It is unknown how frequently M‐MOUD patients experience persistent substance or polysubstance use. We measured trends in illicit substance use in a large, multistate population of M‐MOUD patients and persistence of substance use in the first year of treatment.DesignRetrospective cohort study of United States (US) M‐MOUD patients from 2017 to 2021, focused on urine drug specimens provided for testing to Millennium Health, a third‐party laboratory. Specimens were analyzed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to estimate the average trends in positivity during time in treatment.SettingSpecimens were obtained from clinics in 10 US states that provided at least 300 unique patients during the study period (Alaska, Arizona, Florida, Illinois, Kentucky, Minnesota, New Mexico, Ohio, Virginia and Washington).ParticipantsPatients with opioid use disorder receiving M‐MOUD (n = 16 386).MeasurementsPositivity rates for heroin, fentanyl, methamphetamine and cocaine.FindingsFrom 2017 to 2021, yearly crude positivity rates for first collected specimens increased for fentanyl (13.1%–53.0%, P < 0.001), methamphetamine (10.6%–27.2%, P < 0.001) and cocaine (13.8%–19.5%, P < 0.001); for heroin positivity did not significantly change (6.9%–6.5%, P = 0.74). In regression models estimating patient trajectories from week 1 to week 52, marginal fentanyl positivity declined from 21.8% to 17.1% (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.78, P < 0.001) and heroin positivity declined from 8.4% to 4.3% (IRR = 0.51, P < 0.001), but positivity for methamphetamine and cocaine did not significantly change, remaining at an average of 17.7% (IRR = 0.98, P = 0.53) and 9.2% (IRR = 0.96, P = 0.36), respectively.ConclusionsBetween 2017 and 2021, United States patients presenting to opioid treatment programs increasingly tested positive for fentanyl, methamphetamine and cocaine. Methadone medication treatment for opioid use disorder appears to remain an effective intervention for reducing illicit opioid use.
Surgical management of splenic flexure cancer: is there an optimal technique? A bi‐national registry analysis
Authors: Thungathurthi Kaushik , Antoniou Ellathios , Arachchi Asiri , Tay Yeng , Nguyen T. C. , Lim James , Chouhan Hanumant , Narasimhan Vignesh , Teoh William 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundSplenic flexure tumours (SFC) are uncommon and present at more advanced disease stages. The optimal surgical technique for SFC remains controversial. We sought to compare the short‐term outcomes of a left hemicolectomy (LHC) versus an extended resection (subtotal colectomy, STC) for SFCs.MethodsA retrospective analysis using the Binational Colorectal Cancer Audit (BCCA) registry was performed. All patients with SFC who underwent elective or emergency surgery for a SFC between 2010 and 2021 were included. Primary outcomes included short‐term inpatient complications. Secondary outcomes included survival outcomes.ResultsSix hundred and ninety‐nine patients underwent resections for SFCs. A LHC was more common, performed in 64.1%. Patients having a LHC were significantly older, with proportionally more LHCs done laparoscopically. Overall grade III/IV complications were similar between both operations. Prolonged ileus and return to theatre were significantly higher in patients undergoing a STC. On multivariate analysis, anastomotic leak and overall grade III/IV complications were not independently associated with the type of operation. There was no difference in medial survival based on type of operation. Higher tumour stage (Stage III/IV) were independently associated with worse survival.ConclusionSegmental and extended resections are both oncologically sound procedures for SFCs. Segmental resections are associated with lower rates of prolonged ileus.
Cross‐sectional study in Madagascar demonstrates efficacy of virtual mentoring and flipped classroom modifications of neonatal resuscitation programme Helping Babies Breathe
Authors: Abou‐Zamzam A. , McCaw J. , Niarison H. R. , Ravelojaona V. A. , Shilkofski N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThe Covid‐19 pandemic necessitated virtual adaptation of the neonatal resuscitation programme Helping Babies Breathe (HBB). This study assessed one such virtually mentored and flipped classroom modification in Madagascar.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed in September 2021 and May 2022. Healthcare providers were identified by local collaborating organisations. United States‐based master trainers collaborated with local trainers on virtually mentored trainings followed by independent trainings. Master trainers were available for consultation via Zoom during the virtual training. A flipped classroom modification and traditional didactic method were compared. Primary outcomes were knowledge and skill acquisition, evaluated by written assessments and objective structured clinical examinations.ResultsOverall, 97 providers completed the curriculum. Written assessment scores improved in both training models (traditional—74.8% vs 91.5%, p < 0.001; flipped classroom—89.7% vs 93.6%, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference among written assessment scores (92.8% vs 91.5%, p = 0.62) and significantly higher objective structured clinical examination scores (97.3% vs 89.5%, p < 0.001) for the independent training compared to the virtually mentored training.ConclusionThe virtually mentored HBB training was followed by a successful independent training as measured by participant knowledge and skill acquisition, supporting the efficacy of virtual dissemination.
National participation levels in the 2017–2018 Australian thoroughbred racing season
Authors: Flash ML , Shrestha K , Stevenson MA , Gilkerson JR 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionThe social licence of the Australian thoroughbred (TB) industry relies on the general public's perception of how they manage the animal in their care.MethodThis study examines the horse, race and activity records for the 37,704 horses racing and training in Australia from 1 August 2017 to 31 July 2018. Three‐quarters (75%, n = 28,184) of TBs started in one of the 180, 933 race starts that occurred during the 2017–2018 Australian racing season.ResultsHorses participating in the 2017–2018 Australian racing season had a median age of 4 years, with geldings more likely to be aged 5 years and older. The majority of the TB racehorse population were geldings (51%, n = 19,210), with 44% (n = 16,617) females and only 5% (n = 1877) entire males. Horses aged 2 years were three times more likely to not start in a race in that year compared with older horses. At the end of the 2017–2018 racing season, 34% of the population had an inactive status recorded. Horses aged 2 years (median two starts) and 3 years (median five starts) had fewer starts than older horses (median seven starts). Eighty‐eight percent (n = 158,339) of race starts were over distances of 1700 metres or less. Race starts by horses aged 2 years (46%, 3264 of 7100) were more likely to have occurred at a metropolitan meeting compared with starts by older horses.ConclusionThis study provides a national overview of the racing and training activities and TBs participating in the 2017–2018 Australian racing season.
Dyeing properties of polylactic acid fabric with disperse dyes of different structures using decamethylcyclopentasiloxane as non‐aqueous media
Authors: Fang Yinchun , Wu Jianguo , Ma Guojie , Wei Qufu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPolylactic acid (PLA) fibre, as a renewable and biodegradable synthetic polymer, is attracting increasing attention in the field of textiles. However, there are still some problems associated with PLA fibre dyeing, with a traditional water bath using disperse dyes restricting its industrialisation. Waterless dyeing, as a green and environmentally friendly dyeing method for PLA fibre, is expected to replace the traditional water bath dyeing method. However, the disperse dyes suitable for PLA fibre are different from those that are suitable for traditional poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibre. In the current study, the waterless dyeability of PLA fibre using disperse dyes with different chemical structures, and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) as the media, was investigated. First, the optimal dyeing process conditions of dye concentration, dyeing temperature, dyeing time and liquor ratio for PLA waterless dyeing were determined. The results indicated that the most suitable dyeing process conditions were: a dye concentration of 5%, dyeing temperature and time of 120°C and 40 minutes, respectively, and a liquor ratio of 1:10. Next, PLA was dyed with 10 disperse dyes with different structures using the determined optimum dyeing process conditions to compare their dyeing properties. The results showed that there were obvious differences in the K/S values for PLA dyed with dyes of different structures. The K/S values for PLA dyed with monoazo structure dyes were significantly higher than those for anthraquinones and heterocyclic structure dyes. Disperse dyes with a monoazo structure are suitable for PLA waterless dyeing. This study provides a research basis to develop suitable dyes for waterless dyeing PLA using D5 as the media.
An investigation on the respiratory mechanics of mechanically ventilated patients during spontaneous breathing trials with enhanced low‐level pressure support ventilation
Authors: Zhang Baozhu , Zhang Zhe , Qin Haiping , Jiang Zhenjie , Deng Qiuxue , Sun Qingwen , Wang Yingzhi , Zhou Jing , Lin Zhimin , He Weiqun , Hua Dongming , Xu Yuanda 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionLow‐level pressure support ventilation (PSV) is most commonly adopted in spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs), and some have proposed setting the positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) to 0 cmH2O in order to shorten the observation time of SBTs. This study aims to investigate the effects of two PSV protocols on the patients' respiratory mechanics.Material and methodA prospective randomized self‐controlled crossover design was adopted in this study, which involved enrolling 30 difficult‐to‐wean patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between July 2019 and September 2021. Patients were subjected to the S group (pressure support: 8 cmH2O, PEEP: 5 cmH2O) and S1 group (PS: 8 cmH2O, PEEP: 0 cmH2O) for 30 min in a random order, and respiratory mechanics indices were dynamically monitored via a four‐lumen multi‐functional catheter with an integrated gastric tube. Among the 30 enrolled patients, 27 were successfully weaned.ResultThe S group showed higher airway pressure (Paw), intragastric pressure (Pga) and airway pressure–time product (PTP) than the S1 group. The S group also showed a shorter inspiratory trigger delay, (93.80 ± 47.85) versus (137.33 ± 85.66) ms (P = 0.004); and fewer abnormal triggers, (0.97 ± 2.65) versus (2.67 ± 4.48) (P = 0.042) compared with the S1 group. Stratification based on the causes of mechanical ventilation revealed that under the S1 protocol, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) had a longer inspiratory trigger delay compared to both post‐thoracic surgery (PTS) patients and patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Despite providing greater respiratory support, S group led to significant reductions in inspiratory trigger delay and less abnormal triggers compared to S1 group, especially among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the zero PEEP group was more likely to induce a higher number of patient–ventilator asynchronies in difficult‐to‐wean patients.
Electrophysiological correlates of attentional capture in joint action
Authors: Abbasi Hossein , Dötsch Dominik , Schubö Anna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn joint action, agents are assumed to represent their partner's task to optimize joint performance. However, the neurophysiological processes underlying the processing of the partner's task have not been widely investigated. Pairs of participants were asked to perform a joint version of a visual search task in either a cooperative or a competitive social context. During the task, one agent's neural activity was recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). The alpha‐lateralization index was calculated as [(contralateral − ipsilateral)/(contralateral + ipsilateral)] × 100 to examine attentional selection or suppression of the laterally presented stimulus. A negative alpha‐lateralization indicates lower alpha‐band power over the contralateral sites compared with the ipsilateral sites and was related to attentional selection. A positive alpha‐lateralization indicates higher alpha‐band power over the contralateral sites compared with the ipsilateral sites and was related to attentional suppression. Behavioural results showed impeded search performance when the partner target was present. Furthermore, EEG time‐frequency results showed that the partner target induced a negative parieto‐occipital alpha‐lateralization, indicating that it captured attention, when the agent target was absent. When the agent target was present, the parieto‐occipital alpha‐lateralization index was negative for laterally presented partner target in the cooperative and positive in the competitive social context, indicative of attentional capture in the cooperative condition and suppression of the partner target in the competitive condition. In sum, our study showed that humans tune their attentional processing towards a partner target in a joint action task. This attentional tuning was shown to be affected by social context and the presence of the agent's own target.
History of cerebrovascular disease but not dementia increases the risk for secondary vascular events during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with presumed Omicron variant: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Mayer Christina , Woo Marcel S. , Brehm Thomas Theo , Heyer Andreas , Fischer Marlene , Fischbach Felix , Bal Lukas C. , Addo Marylyn M. , Kluge Stefan , Thomalla Götz , Schweingruber Nils , Schulze zur Wiesch Julian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThis study aimed to investigate if pre‐existing neurological conditions, such as dementia and a history of cerebrovascular disease, increase the risk of severe outcomes including death, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and vascular events in patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection in 2022, when Omicron was the predominant variant.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of all patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, confirmed by polymerase chain reaction test, admitted to the University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf from 20 December 2021 until 15 August 2022. In all, 1249 patients were included in the study. In‐hospital mortality was 3.8% and the ICU admission rate was 9.9%. Ninety‐three patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease and 36 patients with pre‐existing all‐cause dementia were identified and propensity score matching by age, sex, comorbidities, vaccination status and dexamethasone treatment was performed in a 1:4 ratio with patients without the respective precondition using nearest neighbor matching.ResultsAnalysis revealed that neither pre‐existing cerebrovascular disease nor all‐cause dementia increased mortality or the risk for ICU admission. All‐cause dementia in the medical history also had no effect on vascular complications under investigation. In contrast, an increased odds ratio for both pulmonary artery embolism and secondary cerebrovascular events was observed in patients with pre‐existing chronic cerebrovascular disease and myocardial infarction in the medical history.ConclusionThese findings suggest that patients with pre‐existing cerebrovascular disease and myocardial infarction in their medical history may be particularly susceptible to vascular complications following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with presumed Omicron variant.
Associations between gut microbiota and Parkinson disease: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Jiang Li , Li Jin‐chen , Tang Bei‐sha , Guo Ji‐feng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeParkinson disease (PD)‐associated alterations in the gut microbiome have been observed in clinical and animal studies. However, it remains unclear whether this association reflects a causal effect in humans.MethodsWe performed two‐sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization using summary statistics from the international consortium MiBioGen (N = 18,340), the Framingham Heart Study (N = 2076), and the International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium for PD (33,674 cases and 449,056 controls) and PD age at onset (17,996 cases).ResultsTwelve microbiota features presented suggestive associations with PD risk or age at onset. Genetically increased Bifidobacterium levels correlated with decreased PD risk (odds ratio = 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.60–0.99, p = 0.040). Conversely, high levels of five short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA)‐producing bacteria (LachnospiraceaeUCG010, RuminococcaceaeUCG002, Clostridium sensustricto1, Eubacterium hallii group, and Bacillales) correlated with increased PD risk, and three SCFA‐producing bacteria (Roseburia, RuminococcaceaeUCG002, and Erysipelatoclostridium) correlated with an earlier age at PD onset. Gut production of serotonin was associated with an earlier age at PD onset (beta = −0.64, 95% CI = −1.15 to −0.13, p = 0.013). In the reverse direction, genetic predisposition to PD was related to altered gut microbiota composition.ConclusionsThese results support a bidirectional relationship between gut microbiome dysbiosis and PD, and highlight the role of elevated endogenous SCFAs and serotonin in PD pathogenesis. Future clinical studies and experimental evidence are needed to explain the observed associations and to suggest new therapeutic approaches, such as dietary probiotic supplementation.
Incidental demyelination in magnetic resonance imaging and 10‐year risk of multiple sclerosis: A data lake cohort study
Authors: Maunula Anna , Martola Juha , Atula Sari , Laakso Sini M. , Tienari Pentti J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThere is an absence of data from large population‐based cohort studies on the incidence of radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS). The incidence of RIS and the subsequent risk for multiple sclerosis (MS) were investigated.MethodsA population‐based, retrospective cohort study was conducted using a data‐lake‐based analysis of digitalized radiology reports. All brain and spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in people aged 16–70 during the years 2005–2010 (n = 102,224) were screened using optimized search terms to detect cases with RIS. The subjects with RIS were followed up until January 2022.ResultsThe cumulative incidence of RIS was 0.03% when all MRI modalities were included and 0.06% when only brain MRI was included according to MAGNIMS 2018 recommendation criteria. With the Okuda 2009 criteria, the respective figures were 0.03% and 0.05% (86% concordance). The overall risk for MS after RIS was similar, 32% by using the MAGNIMS and 32% by using the Okuda definition of RIS. Individuals aged <35.5 years exhibited the most significant predisposition to MS (80%), whilst those >35.5 years had less than 10% risk of MS. MS diagnosed after RIS constituted 0.8% of the incident MS cases in the population during 2005–2010.ConclusionsA population‐wide context was provided for the incidence of RIS and its relationship to MS. MAGNIMS recommendations were only slightly more sensitive to detect RIS compared to the Okuda criteria. RIS has a subtle effect on the overall incidence of MS, yet the risk for MS in individuals under the age of 35.5 years is substantial.
Long‐term risk of recurrent vascular events and mortality in young stroke patients: Insights from a multicenter study
Authors: Broman Jenna , Fandler‐Höfler Simon , von Sarnowski Bettina , Elmegiri Mohamed , Gattringer Thomas , Holbe Christine , von der Linden Julia , Malinowski Robert , Martola Juha , Pinter Daniela , Ropele Stefan , Schminke Ulf , Tatlisumak Turgut , Enzinger Christian , Putaala Jukka , Aarnio Karoliina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the incidence of stroke in the young is rising, data on long‐term outcomes in these patients are scarce. We thus aimed to investigate the long‐term risk of recurrent vascular events and mortality in a multicenter study.MethodsWe followed 396 consecutive patients aged 18–55 years with ischemic stroke (IS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) enrolled in three European centers during the period 2007–2010. A detailed outpatient clinical follow‐up assessment was performed between 2018 and 2020. When an in‐person follow‐up visit was not possible, outcome events were assessed using electronic records and registry data.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 11.8 (IQR 10.4–12.7) years, 89 (22.5%) patients experienced any recurrent vascular event, 62 (15.7%) had any cerebrovascular event, 34 (8.6%) had other vascular events, and 27 (6.8%) patients died. Cumulative 10‐year incidence rate per 1000 person‐years was 21.6 (95% CI 17.1–26.9) for any recurrent vascular event and 14.9 (95% CI 11.3–19.3) for any cerebrovascular event. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors increased over time, and 22 (13.5%) patients lacked any secondary preventive medication at the in‐person follow‐up. After adjustment for demographics and comorbidities, atrial fibrillation at baseline was found to be significantly associated with recurrent vascular events.ConclusionsThis multicenter study shows a considerable risk of recurrent vascular events in young IS and TIA patients. Further studies should investigate whether detailed individual risk assessment, modern secondary preventive strategies, and better patient adherence may reduce recurrence risk.
Extremely hair follicle density is associated with a significantly different cecal microbiota in rex rabbits
Authors: Yang Feng , Ruixin Yang , Xiaochun Ma , Fan Zhang , Junbin Liu , Pengmei Dong , Guoyan Jiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt has become increasingly clear that gut microbiota and skin are interconnected since the discovery of the ‘gut–brain–skin’ axis. Hair follicles (HFs) are skin microorganisms, but few studies have investigated their relationship to gut microbiota. Hence, we hypothesize that HFs have a close relationship with the gut, similarly to what was reported for the skin. Using rex rabbits as an animal model, one hundred healthy half‐sibling rex rabbits were selected for the experiment, and 16 s rRNA gene sequencing was performed on the cecal microbiota of nine rabbits with the extremely high (HS) and low (LS) hair density (n = 9 per group) to determine differences between the composition and function of these communities. In comparison with the LS group, several alpha diversity index values were significantly lower in the HS group, although the higher variation in species composition in the HS group. Additionally, species diversity and abundance differed significantly in the cecum microbiota of HS and LS rabbits. Further, primary and secondary HF density was significantly correlated with the families Muribaculaceae and Bacteroidaceae, and genera Blautia, Bacteroides and Desulfovibrio. In particular, Muribaculaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Blautia and Bacteroides may support the development of HFs. Moreover, the expression of WNT4, WNT10a, WNT10b, CTNNB1 (β‐catenin) and LEF1 in the skin was significantly higher in the HS group compared with the LS group. Altogether, the results of this study suggest that the extremely high density of HF in rabbits is associated with a significantly different microbiota diversity and community structure, and the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway was activated in the HS group. Thus, key bacteria may promote the development of HF.