bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proximity to refugee accommodations does not affect locals’ attitudes toward refugees: evidence from Germany
Authors: Schmidt Katja , Jacobsen Jannes , Iglauer Theresa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
With the so-called ‘long summer of migration’ of 2015, there was an urgent need to accommodate many refugees in Germany. This situation was framed as a ‘refugee reception crisis’, and it revealed diametrically opposed stances within German society. Within this debate, anti-refugee sentiment is often explained with the placement of nearby refugee reception facilities. Conclusive evidence of this claim is yet missing. Most studies dealing with refugee immigration and attitudes toward refugees lack of appropriate geo-data to test this assumption. We fill this empirical gap by employing novel data on refugee reception facilities in Germany, including exact geo-location, and combine it with the geo-locations of households participating in the German Socio-Economic Panel. Drawing on group threat and contact theory, we report a solid null effect and conclude that the placement of reception facilities does not influence locals’ attitudes toward refugees.
General Practitioners perspectives on infant telomere length screening after a pregnancy complication: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Puglisi Carolyn J , McDonough Joshua , Bianco-Miotto Tina , Grieger Jessica A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Pregnancy complications can impact the mother and child’s health in the short and longterm resulting in an increased risk of chronic disease later in life. Telomere length is a biomarker of future cardiometabolic diseases and may offer a novel way of identifying offspring most at risk for future chronic diseases.

Objective(s)
To qualitatively explore General Practitioners’ (GPs) perspectives on the feasibility and uptake for recommending a telomere screening test in children who were born after a pregnancy complication.

Methods
Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted with GPs within metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed for codes and themes.

Results
Two themes were generated: ethical considerations and practical considerations. Ethically, the GP participants discussed barriers including consenting on behalf of a child, parental guilt, and the impact of health insurance, whereas viewing it for health promotion was a facilitator. For practical considerations, barriers included the difficulty in identifying people eligible for screening, maintaining medical communication between service providers, and time and financial constraints, whereas linking screening for telomere length with existing screening would facilitate uptake.

Conclusions
GPs were generally supportive of potential telomere screening in infants, particularly via a saliva test that could be embedded in current antenatal care. However, several challenges, such as lack of knowledge, ethical considerations, and time and financial constraints, need to be overcome before such a test could be implemented into practice.
Mob4 is essential for spermatogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Santos Inês B , Wainman Alan , Garrido-Maraver Juan , Pires Vanessa , Riparbelli Maria Giovanna , Kovács Levente , Callaini Giuliano , Glover David M , Tavares Álvaro A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Gamete formation is essential for sexual reproduction in metazoans. Meiosis in males gives rise to spermatids that must differentiate and individualize into mature sperm. In Drosophila melanogaster, individualization of interconnected spermatids requires the formation of individualization complexes that synchronously move along the sperm bundles. Here, we show that Mob4, a member of the Mps-one binder family, is essential for male fertility but has no detectable role in female fertility. We show that Mob4 is required for proper axonemal structure and its loss leads to male sterility associated with defective spermatid individualization and absence of mature sperm in the seminal vesicles. Transmission electron micrographs of developing spermatids following mob4RNAi revealed expansion of the outer axonemal microtubules such that the 9 doublets no longer remained linked to each other and defective mitochondrial organization. Mob4 is a STRIPAK component, and male fertility is similarly impaired upon depletion of the STRIPAK components, Strip and Cka. Expression of the human Mob4 gene rescues all phenotypes of Drosophila mob4 downregulation, indicating that the gene is evolutionarily and functionally conserved. Together, this suggests that Mob4 contributes to the regulation of the microtubule- and actin-cytoskeleton during spermatogenesis through the conserved STRIPAK complex. Our study advances the understanding of male infertility by uncovering the requirement for Mob4 in sperm individualization.
Effectiveness of fosfomycin trometamol as oral step-down therapy for bacteraemic urinary tract infections due to MDR Escherichia coli: a post hoc analysis of the FOREST randomized trial
Authors: Sojo-Dorado Jesús , López-Hernández Inmaculada , Hernández-Torres Alicia , Retamar-Gentil Pilar , Merino de Lucas Esperanza , Escolà-Vergé Laura , Bereciartua Elena , García-Vázquez Elisa , Pintado Vicente , Boix-Palop Lucía , Natera-Kindelán Clara , Sorlí Luisa , Borrell Nuria , Amador-Prous Concha , Shaw Evelyn , Jover-Saenz Alfredo , Molina Jose , Martínez-Álvarez Rosa M , Dueñas Carlos J , Calvo-Montes Jorge , Lecuona María , Pomar Virginia , Borreguero Irene , Palomo-Jiménez Virginia , Docobo-Pérez Fernando , Pascual Álvaro , Rodríguez-Baño Jesús 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Fosfomycin is a potentially attractive option as step-down therapy for bacteraemic urinary tract infections (BUTI), but available data are scarce. Our objective was to compare the effectiveness and safety of fosfomycin trometamol and other oral drugs as step-down therapy in patients with BUTI due to MDR Escherichia coli (MDR-Ec).

Methods
Participants in the FOREST trial (comparing IV fosfomycin with ceftriaxone or meropenem for BUTI caused by MDR-Ec in 22 Spanish hospitals from June 2014 to December 2018) who were stepped-down to oral fosfomycin (3 g q48h) or other drugs were included. The primary endpoint was clinical and microbiological cure (CMC) 5–7 days after finalization of treatment. A multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression to estimate the association of oral step-down with fosfomycin with CMC adjusted for confounders.

Results
Overall, 61 patients switched to oral fosfomycin trometamol and 47 to other drugs (cefuroxime axetil, 28; amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 7 each; ciprofloxacin, 5) were included. CMC was reached by 48/61 patients (78.7%) treated with fosfomycin trometamol and 38/47 (80.9%) with other drugs (difference, −2.2; 95% CI: −17.5 to 13.1; P = 0.38). Subgroup analyses provided similar results. Relapses occurred in 9/61 (15.0%) and 2/47 (4.3%) of patients, respectively (P = 0.03). The adjusted OR for CMC was 1.11 (95% CI: 0.42–3.29, P = 0.75). No relevant differences in adverse events were seen.

Conclusions
Fosfomycin trometamol might be a reasonable option as step-down therapy in patients with BUTI due to MDR-Ec but the higher rate of relapses would need further assessment.
Hidden lymphoma in the appendix: a case of primary appendiceal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma presenting as acute appendicitis
Authors: Solis-Pazmino Paola , Vasques Luana , Maldonado Pedro , Lunardi João Dias , Schneider Mateus , Gorgen Andre 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The occurrence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the appendix presenting as acute appendicitis is rare, constituting only a minuscule portion (0.015%) of gastrointestinal lymphoma cases. We present a case of a 55-year-old woman that was admitted to the emergency department with symptoms of acute appendicitis and underwent an interval laparoscopic appendectomy with a right hemicolectomy and lymph node resection. Pathological examination revealed the presence of DLBCL in the appendix. The patient is undergoing chemotherapy.
Prevalence of non-stationarity in quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) associated with M- and X-class solar flares
Authors: Mehta T , Broomhall A-M , Hayes L A 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) are frequently observed in solar and stellar flare emission, with recent studies suggesting that an increasing instantaneous period is a common characteristic of QPPs. Determining the prevalence of non-stationarity in QPPs contributes to a better understanding of which mechanism(s) is (are) responsible in QPP generation. We obtain the rate of period evolution from QPPs in 98 M- and X-class flares from Solar Cycle 24 with average periods between 8 and 130 s and investigate the prevalence of QPP non-stationarity. We also investigate whether the presence of a coronal mass ejection (CME) impacts the period evolution of QPPs. We analyse soft X-ray light curves obtained from GOES’ X-ray sensor (XRS) and assess the dominant periods in the impulsive and decay phases of the flares using the fast Fourier transform. We relate the rate of period evolution to flare duration, peak flare energy, and average QPP period. We find evidence of non-stationarity in 81 per cent of the flares assessed, with most QPPs exhibiting a period evolution of ≤10 s between the impulsive and decay phases, of which 66 per cent exhibited an apparent period growth and 14 per cent showed an apparent period shrinkage. We find a positive correlation between the absolute magnitude of period evolution and the duration of the flare and no correlation between the period evolution of the QPPs and flare energy or CME presence. Furthermore, we conclude that non-stationarity is common in solar QPPs and must be accounted for in flare analysis.
Nsp14 of SARS-CoV-2 inhibits mRNA processing and nuclear export by targeting the nuclear cap-binding complex
Authors: Katahira Jun , Ohmae Tatsuya , Yasugi Mayo , Sasaki Ryosuke , Itoh Yumi , Kohda Tomoko , Hieda Miki , Yokota Hirai Masami , Okamoto Toru , Miyamoto Yoichi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
To facilitate selfish replication, viruses halt host gene expression in various ways. The nuclear export of mRNA is one such process targeted by many viruses. SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome, also prevents mRNA nuclear export. In this study, Nsp14, a bifunctional viral replicase subunit, was identified as a novel inhibitor of mRNA nuclear export. Nsp14 induces poly(A)+ RNA nuclear accumulation and the dissolution/coalescence of nuclear speckles. Genome-wide gene expression analysis revealed the global dysregulation of splicing and 3′-end processing defects of replication-dependent histone mRNAs by Nsp14. These abnormalities were also observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. A mutation introduced at the guanine-N7-methyltransferase active site of Nsp14 diminished these inhibitory activities. Targeted capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry analysis (CE-MS) unveiled the production of N7-methyl-GTP in Nsp14-expressing cells. Association of the nuclear cap-binding complex (NCBC) with the mRNA cap and subsequent recruitment of U1 snRNP and the stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) were impaired by Nsp14. These data suggest that the defects in mRNA processing and export arise from the compromise of NCBC function by N7-methyl-GTP, thus exemplifying a novel viral strategy to block host gene expression.
Common mental disorder and suicidality among doctors: differences by specialty
Authors: Petrie K , Sanatkar S , Shand F , Harvey S B 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Common mental disorders (CMDs) and suicidal ideation (SI) are prevalent among doctors, yet limited evidence exists investigating the relationship of specialty area to these outcomes.

Aims
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of likely CMD and SI among doctors and to investigate whether likelihood of these outcomes varied by area of medical specialty.

Methods
A secondary analysis of a representative national survey of 12,252 Australian doctors was conducted. Demographic and work-related variables, SI and CMD (GHQ-28), were assessed among doctors (n = 7037; 57%) working in a range of specialty areas. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between specialty and mental health outcomes in unadjusted and adjusted models.

Results
Almost one-quarter of doctors (n = 1560; 23%) reported symptom levels indicating likely CMD whilst 9% (n = 667) reported SI in the last year. Doctors in surgery (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54–0.97, P = 0.03) were at significantly lower risk of CMD than General Practitioners (GPs), whilst doctors in anaesthetics (adjusted OR = 1.45; 95% CI 1.09–1.93, P = 0.01) and paediatrics (adjusted OR = 1.88; 95% CI 1.02–3.47, P = 0.04) were at significantly higher risk of experiencing SI compared to GPs after accounting for confounders.

Conclusions
Results demonstrated that doctors in Australia working in certain specialties, specifically anaesthetics and paediatrics, were at significantly greater risk of suicidal ideation compared to GPs after accounting for confounders. Interventions to address CMD and SI among doctors in all specialties remain urgently needed.
Six attitudes to promote personal, patient-centred care in an era of addictive technology
Authors: Schattner Ami 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In contrast with the rapid advances in medical knowledge and technology, the clinical encounter may often appear as perfunctory, impersonal, and unworthy to both patient and practitioner who is often immersed in the computer screen rather than the patient, stressed by improbable time constraints, and often finds deceptive relief in inappropriate test-ordering, prescriptions, and referrals. We suggest routinely adopting six attitudes to achieve a more balanced, personal, and patient-centred encounter: conducting a curiosity-driven encounter; emphasizing humanistic values; performing a complete physical examination; increasing patients' face time; addressing the patient’s health as a whole; and rational test-ordering and judicious prescribing.
A prospective survey on therapeutic inertia in psoriatic arthritis (OPTI’PsA)
Authors: Lioté Frédéric , Constantin Arnaud , Dahan Étienne , Quiniou Jean-Baptiste , Frazier Aline , Sibilia Jean 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesClinical inertia, or therapeutic inertia (TI), is the medical behaviour of not initiating or intensifying treatment when recommended by clinical recommendations. To our knowledge, our survey is the first to assess TI around psoriatic arthritis (PsA).MethodsEight hundred and twenty-five French rheumatologists were contacted via email between January and March 2021 and invited to complete an online questionnaire consisting of seven clinical vignettes: five cases (‘oligoarthritis’, ‘enthesitis’, ‘polyarthritis’, ‘neoplastic history’, ‘cardiovascular risk’) requiring treatment OPTImization, and two ‘control’ cases (distal interphalangeal arthritis, atypical axial involvement) not requiring any change of treatment—according to the most recent PsA recommendations. Rheumatologists were also questioned about their routine practice, continuing medical education and perception of PsA.ResultsOne hundred and one rheumatologists completed this OPTI’PsA survey. Almost half the respondents (47%) demonstrated TI on at least one of the five vignettes that warranted treatment optimization. The complex profiles inducing the most TI were ‘oligoarthritis’ and ‘enthesitis’ with 20% and 19% of respondents not modifying treatment, respectively. Conversely, clinical profiles for which there was the least uncertainty (‘polyarthritis in relapse’, ‘neoplastic history’ and ‘cardiovascular risk’) generated less TI with 11%, 8% and 6% of respondents, respectively, choosing not to change the current treatment.ConclusionThe rate of TI we observed for PsA is similar to published data for other chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, gout or multiple sclerosis. Our study is the first to show marked clinical inertia in PsA, and further research is warranted to ascertain the reasons behind this inertia.
A nomogram based on clinical factors and CT radiomics for predicting anti-MDA5+ DM complicated by RP-ILD
Authors: Li Yanhong , Deng Wen , Zhou Yu , Luo Yubin , Wu Yinlan , Wen Ji , Cheng Lu , Liang Xiuping , Wu Tong , Wang Fang , Huang Zixing , Tan Chunyu , Liu Yi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-positive (anti-MDA5+) DM complicated by rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) has a high incidence and poor prognosis. The objective of this study was to establish a model for the prediction and early diagnosis of anti-MDA5+ DM-associated RP-ILD based on clinical manifestations and imaging features.

Methods
A total of 103 patients with anti-MDA5+ DM were included. The patients were randomly split into training and testing sets of 72 and 31 patients, respectively. After image analysis, we collected clinical, imaging and radiomics features from each patient. Feature selection was performed first with the minimum redundancy and maximum relevance algorithm and then with the best subset selection method. The final remaining features comprised the radscore. A clinical model and imaging model were then constructed with the selected independent risk factors for the prediction of non-RP-ILD and RP-ILD. We also combined these models in different ways and compared their predictive abilities. A nomogram was also established. The predictive performances of the models were assessed based on receiver operating characteristics curves, calibration curves, discriminability and clinical utility.

Results
The analyses showed that two clinical factors, dyspnoea (P = 0.000) and duration of illness in months (P = 0.001), and three radiomics features (P = 0.001, 0.044 and 0.008, separately) were independent predictors of non-RP-ILD and RP-ILD. However, no imaging features were significantly different between the two groups. The radiomics model built with the three radiomics features performed worse than the clinical model and showed areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.805 and 0.754 in the training and test sets, respectively. The clinical model demonstrated a good predictive ability for RP-ILD in MDA5+ DM patients, with an AUC, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 0.954, 0.931, 0.837 and 0.847 in the training set and 0.890, 0.875, 0.800 and 0.774 in the testing set, respectively. The combination model built with clinical and radiomics features performed slightly better than the clinical model, with an AUC, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 0.994, 0.966, 0.977 and 0.931 in the training set and 0.890, 0.812, 1.000 and 0.839 in the testing set, respectively. The calibration curve and decision curve analyses showed satisfactory consistency and clinical utility of the nomogram.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that the combination model built with clinical and radiomics features could reliably predict the occurrence of RP-ILD in MDA5+ DM patients.
Longitudinal Investigation of Auditory Dynamic Range Deficits in Early Psychosis and its Relationship to Negative Symptoms
Authors: Sklar Alfredo L , Matinrazm Sayna , Ren Xi , Chlpka Lydia , Curtis Mark , Coffman Brian A , Salisbury Dean F 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Despite accounting for significant disease morbidity in schizophrenia, the neuropathological basis of negative symptoms remains poorly understood and options for treatment limited. Our recent study identified robust associations between diminished auditory cortex (AC) dynamic range and social functioning impairments and negative symptoms in first episode psychosis (FESz). The current investigation examined the progression of these relationships 4–8 months from baseline testing.

Study Design
Twenty-six FESz and 38 healthy controls (HC) were tested at baseline and follow-up. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was recorded during binaural presentation of tones (75, 80, and 85 dB). Assessments included the MATRICS cognitive consensus battery (MCCB) and Global Functioning: Role and Social scales (GFR/GFS) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.

Study Results
Overall, FESz exhibited a blunted response to increasing tone intensity relative to HC. While this deficit did not change over time at the group level, recovery of right hemisphere AC dynamic range (85–75 dB response) among FESz individuals was associated with reductions in negative symptoms (ρ = −0.50). Diminished dynamic range was also associated with impaired GFS (ρ = 0.65), GFR (ρ = 0.51), and MCCB (ρ = 0.49) at baseline and increased negative symptoms at baseline (ρ = −0.53) and follow-up (ρ = −0.51).

Conclusion
Despite persistent dynamic range impairment in FESz as a group, individual recovery of this AC response property was associated with significant reduction in negative symptoms. Identification of a functional neural deficit that tracts progression of negative symptoms during a critical period for disease modification is essential to the management of these devastating and historically treatment refractory symptoms.
Increased Ca2+ signaling through CaV1.2 induces tendon hypertrophy with increased collagen fibrillogenesis and biomechanical properties
Authors: Li Haiyin , Korcari Antonion , Ciufo David , Mendias Christopher L. , Rodeo Scott A. , Buckley Mark R. , Loiselle Alayna E. , Pitt Geoffrey S. , Cao Chike 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTendons are tension‐bearing tissues transmitting force from muscle to bone for body movement. This mechanical loading is essential for tendon development, homeostasis, and healing after injury. While Ca2+ signaling has been studied extensively for its roles in mechanotransduction, regulating muscle, bone, and cartilage development and homeostasis, knowledge about Ca2+ signaling and the source of Ca2+ signals in tendon fibroblast biology are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the function of Ca2+ signaling through CaV1.2 voltage‐gated Ca2+ channel in tendon formation. Using a reporter mouse, we found that CaV1.2 is highly expressed in tendon during development and downregulated in adult homeostasis. To assess its function, we generated ScxCre;CaV1.2TS mice that express a gain‐of‐function mutant CaV1.2 in tendon. We found that mutant tendons were hypertrophic, with more tendon fibroblasts but decreased cell density. TEM analyses demonstrated increased collagen fibrillogenesis in the hypertrophic tendons. Biomechanical testing revealed that the hypertrophic tendons display higher peak load and stiffness, with no changes in peak stress and elastic modulus. Proteomic analysis showed no significant difference in the abundance of type I and III collagens, but mutant tendons had about two‐fold increase in other ECM proteins such as tenascin C, tenomodulin, periostin, type XIV and type VIII collagens, around 11‐fold increase in the growth factor myostatin, and significant elevation of matrix remodeling proteins including Mmp14, Mmp2, and cathepsin K. Taken together, these data highlight roles for increased Ca2+ signaling through CaV1.2 on regulating expression of myostatin growth factor and ECM proteins for tendon collagen fibrillogenesis during tendon formation.