bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CFD Simulation of Vortex-Induced Vibration of a Flexible Riser With Buoyancy Module Under Uniform Flow Using a Two-Way Coupled Model
Authors: S. Karthikeyan , S. Nallayarasu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The buoyancy modules are generally used as an attachment to the risers to increase the axial tension, such as top tensioned drilling risers. Consequently, these modules change the fluid-structure interaction, leading to a change in the response characteristics. Literature indicates limited information on the VIV response characterization of the flexible riser with the buoyancy module. An investigation into the VIV characteristics of flexible risers with buoyancy modules has been carried out and presented in this article. The buoyancy module geometry is one of the important parameters influencing the VIV response of the flexible riser. The study was conducted using a two-way coupled fluid-structure interaction model including the influence of buoyancy module length on the VIV response of flexible riser for L/D = 100, m* = 2.55, and EI = 2.95 at various reduced Velocity (Vr) in uniform current using CFD simulation. The time domain results obtained from CFD simulation such as force coefficients and VIV responses are converted into frequency domain responses using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). It was observed that the inline and crossflow displacement responses showed double peak frequency responses. It is observed that the lower frequency corresponds to the riser with a buoyancy module and the higher frequency corresponds to the bare riser. The buoyancy module acts as a response controller in the crossflow direction, and the buoyancy module dominates the VIV response at a lower reduced velocity (Vr). The excitation of the lower frequency component is diminished as the Vr increases, and it shows that the bare riser dominates the riser VIV. However, the inline RMS response of the flexible riser with a buoyancy module is higher than the bare riser.
Study on Crashworthiness Performance of an Airbag Anti-Collision Device for Vessel-Bridge Collision
Authors: Pan Jin , Peng Hao , Gan Jianqiang , Zhang Wenzhe , Li Xiaobin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Collisions between ships and bridges are a developing common occurrence. The design of suitable bridge anti-ship collision devices is essential to reduce economic losses and casualties in ship-bridge collisions. Existing bridge anti-collision devices mainly rely on the deformation of devices and ships to absorb energy to reduce the collision force on the bridge, the structural damage to the ship is often large. Therefore, in this paper, an airbag-type flexible anti-ship collision device is designed, and the collision prevention performance of the anti-collision is studied and verified using scaled tests and numerical simulations.
The anti-collision airbag is capsule in appearance and consists of a layer of polyurethane and two layers of ultra-high polymer polyethylene silk. In this paper, material property tests of airbag component materials were carried out to obtain relevant mechanical property parameters, and LS-DYNA was used to simulate the process of collision. Subsequently, a scaled model test of collision with this kind of airbag was designed, and test data such as collision force histories, acceleration histories, and airbag internal pressure were obtained. The test data were compared with the simulation results. The crash time, peak pressure change in the airbag and the extreme value of the crash force were similar, but there were some differences in the acceleration of the ship. The reasons for those differences were analyzed. Subsequently, the finite element simulation method was used to compare the magnitude of collision time and collision force extremes with or without airbags. The crashworthiness of airbags was investigated. The results of the study can provide ideas for the design of flexible bridge anti-collision devices.
The Hydroelastic Slamming in Oblique Seas
Authors: Tavakoli Sasan , Hirdaris Spyros 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Oblique slamming of elastic wedge sections is numerically modeled using a computational tool. The aim is to improve our understanding of hydroelastic response of bodies entering water. Flexible fluid structure interactions (FFSI) are idealised by using momentum conservation theories. Three sets of conservation equations are assumed to hold the motion of the air-water mixture, and one conservation equation is assumed to hold the motion of the solid phase. The Finite Volume Method (FVM) is used to solve the differential equations. Throughout simulations, it is demonstrated that the peak pressure, the maximum stress, and deflection of the side facing the oblique flow regime are higher, which is a piece of evidence confirming that the code and the setup reconstruct an asymmetric fluid field around a section obliquely entering water. The effects of impact speed on different properties of the slamming process are studied, and it is demonstrated that dimensionless peak pressures and stresses vary under the increase of impact speed. The latter suggests that nonlinear fluid motions may evolve during the oblique slamming process and linear models may not be suitable choices for simulating the FFSI oblique slamming problem for the case that impact speed is relatively high.
The Sealing Behavior of Bismuth-Based Metal Plugs
Authors: Hmadeh Lewaa , Elahifar Behzad , Sangesland Sigbjørn 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Bismuth-based alloy plugs are currently potential alternative to cement plugs. These metal alloy plugs demonstrated several distinctive properties, such as expanding after cooling, corrosion resistance, and being non-porous. In a previous study, several small-scale experiments were conducted on bismuth-tin (BiSn) plugs and were compared against cement plugs. Both bismuth and cement samples were subjected to extensive physical, hydraulic, and mechanical push-out tests after curing. Leakage tests using nitrogen gas were also carried out on both plug samples. Preliminary results demonstrated that bismuth-tin plugs possess much higher resistance to pressure and gas migration in the micro-annulus between the plug and the casing, thus providing better sealability in comparison to cement plugs.
In this study, more light is shed on the behavior of bismuthtin metal alloy as a sealing plug where its hydraulic bond strength is further investigated with restricted axial expansion. The test setup replicates real-life well conditions where the effect of elevated temperatures and pressures is addressed. Preliminary findings indicate that with a restricted axial expansion, the bismuth plug shows elevated hydraulic bond strength since it was forced to expand radially and thus provide a perfect seal.
The aim behind the conducted laboratory experiments is to understand the sealing ability of bismuth to a steel pipe and how it will change at different representative wellbore pressures and temperatures. This paper is a part of an extensive research study that at advanced stages will be addressing the sealing performance of a bismuth plug in the annulus and its interaction with the surrounding formation.
Machine Learning Regression-CFD Models for Predicting Hydrogen Dispersion in a Naturally Ventilated Area
Authors: Patel Parth , Garaniya Vikram , Baalisampang Til , Arzaghi Ehsan , Mohammadpour Javad , Abbassi Rouzbeh , Salehi Fatemeh 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Hydrogen can diversify the primary energy supply as it offers several benefits in terms of reduced emissions and greenhouse gases. Although hydrogen can be a great option for energy generation at higher efficiency and minimal environmental impacts, leakage and dispersion are the challenges to establishing safe and sustainable hydrogen infrastructure. A comprehensive analysis consisting of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and machine learning algorithms (MLAs) is conducted to study the leakage of hydrogen in a cuboid room with two vents located on the side wall (door vent) and roof. This study aims to identify the optimum dimensional relationship between leakage and ventilation position that can efficiently extract hydrogen from semi-confined spaces. Three MLAs, including eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), and k-Nearest Neighbours (k-NN), are adopted here. The results confirmed that the lower distance between the door vent to the ceiling and the roof vent to the leakage and the larger distance between the leakage and the door vent are found to be the most dominant factors to keep hydrogen volumetric concentration lower. XGBoosting outperforms all other regression models in the prediction of the flammable hydrogen cloud size, while k-NN and MLP performed well in the prediction of the critical time. The outcome of this study can be used to develop appropriate control measures and risk mitigation strategies.
A Site Selection Decision Framework for Offshore Wind-Powered Hydrogen Production Infrastructure
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Arzaghi Ehsan , Baalisampang Til , Garaniya Vikram , Abbassi Rouzbeh 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study develops a novel and robust multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework to determine the optimal offshore location for producing green hydrogen and a series of infrastructure planning measures. A range of factors, including technical, economic, environmental and safety, that govern the life cycle of offshore hydrogen facilities are incorporated into the model. An offshore wind-powered hydrogen system in the Bass Strait region of Australia has been considered as a case study to show the application of the developed framework along with the synergic benefits to nearby offshore industries. A GIS spatial analysis tool is utilized to rule out the unfeasible/constrained areas in compliance with national and international guidelines. TOPSIS MCDM technique is applied to weigh the criteria and rank the alternative locations. Based on hydrogen production capacity, cost and availability, various locations are ranked, illustrating their suitability. The developed framework demonstrated its high effectiveness in terms of extensive applicability and ease of usage. The outcomes of this investigation will assist the researchers and infrastructure developers in establishing and executing effective planning for offshore site selection in the largely uncertain and harsh ocean environment.
Experimental Study on Flow-Induced Pitch, Roll, and Heave Motions of a Semi-Submersible Floater With Long Pontoons
Authors: Naito Yuki , Hirabayashi Shinichiro , Suzuki Hideyuki , Gonçalves Rodolfo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this research, an experimental study was carried out in the towing tank to measure the FIM of a semi-submersible with long cylindrical pontoons. Motions mainly in the vertical plane (heave, roll, and pitch) were observed due to FIM excited by the flow around the pontoons. The frequency-based analysis reveals that motion has several stages of lock-in, resulting from the coupling effect of motions in each degree of freedom. It is also noted that the wake interference effect was significant, and the FIM results presented behavior for different current incidence angles tested.
Dynamic Torque and Drag Model Coupled With Transient Hydraulic
Authors: Cayeux Eric , Jettestuen Espen , Ambrus Adrian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A drill-string is an extremely slender mechanical structure and consequently it can oscillate very easily. Drill-string vibrations during drilling operations is the source of many drilling dysfunctions such as decreased drilling performance, damage to downhole equipment, or formation instabilities. Several dynamic torque and drag models have been developed in the recent years. But most of them do not incorporate the tight relationship that exists with transient hydraulically induced forces and torques. This paper presents a dynamic hydro-mechanical approach to the estimation of the dynamic drill-string movement. The force and torque balance equations are expressed including several nonlinear effects such as the transition between static and kinetic frictions, but also the impact of hydraulically induced forces and torques. The model considers both axial and transverse forces, yet with the simplification that the drill-string direction remains parallel to the wellbore at the contact points. Pressure intervenes in these equations through two gradients, one that is oriented vertically and another that is oriented axially. The vertical pressure gradient is related solely to the fluid density and influences torque and drag results through the actual distribution of the buoyancy forces along the drill-string. The fluid velocity fields inside the pipe and in the borehole are modelled using the lattice Boltzmann method to obtain precise estimates of the shear stress at the wall of the pipe under dynamic conditions of flow and pipe movement. These simulations show that hydraulically induced forces and torques are non-linearly and non-obviously related to fluid flow and pipe movement.
Numerical Simulation of an Aluminium Panel Subject to Ice Impact Load Using a Rate and Pressure Dependent Elastoplastic Material Model for Ice
Authors: Mokhtari Mojtaba , Kim Ekaterina , Amdahl Jørgen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study presents an elastoplastic material model with a pressure and rate dependent yield criterion for freshwater polycrystalline ice, implemented to simulate the structural damage in a full-scale AA5083-H116 aluminium panel subject to ice impact load in a drop test. The proposed ice material model is validated against physical ice-crushing tests with a good correlation between the experimental and numerical results. The material model is based on the Tsai-Wu yield surface, which is defined to evolve differently in the ductile and brittle regimes of ice to account for the ‘ductile-to-brittle transition’. The relationships between ice strength and strain rate in the constitutive laws are obtained from the literature. The constitutive laws are written in Fortran as vectorised user material (VUMAT) for the Abaqus Explicit solver. The mechanical behaviour of AA5083-H116 alloy is simulated using the Johnson-Cook plasticity model. The numerical simulation of the ice drop test on the stiffened aluminium panel produced excellent agreements with the experimental data using the proposed material model for ice and the Johnson-Cook model for AA5083-H116 alloy.
Micropterus salmoides
rhabdovirus enters cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway in a pH-, dynamin-, microtubule-, rab5-, and rab7-dependent manner
Authors: Lu Jian-Fei , Luo Sheng , Tang Hao , Liang Jia-Hui , Zhao Yi-Fan , Hu Yang , Yang Guan-Jun , Chen Jiong 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Micropterus salmoides
rhabdovirus (MSRV) is an important fish pathogen that infects largemouth bass. To date, the entry process for MSRV remains obscure. Here, the dynamic process of MSRV entry and internalization was analyzed using biochemical inhibitors, RNA interference, and single-virus tracking technology. Accordingly, DiD was used as a fluorescent label for sensitive, long-term tracking of MSRV entry in living cells. The motion analysis suggested that MSRV initially experiences slow movement in the cell periphery, while it undergoes relatively faster and directed motion toward the cell interior, dependent on the microtubule. Besides, our data demonstrated that the MSRV enters epithelioma
papulosum cyprinid
(EPC) cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis in a low pH-, dynamin-, and clathrin-dependent manner. Furthermore, after endocytosing into EPC cells, MSRV moves along the classical endosome/lysosome trajectory. This study reveals the entry pathway and intracellular dynamics of MSRV in EPC cells, providing new insights into the infection mechanism of rhabdoviruses.

IMPORTANCE

Although
Micropterus salmoides
rhabdovirus (MSRV) causes serious fish epidemics worldwide, the detailed mechanism of MSRV entry into host cells remains unknown. Here, we comprehensively investigated the mechanism of MSRV entry into epithelioma
papulosum cyprinid
(EPC) cells. This study demonstrated that MSRV enters EPC cells via a low pH, dynamin-dependent, microtubule-dependent, and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Subsequently, MSRV transports from early endosomes to late endosomes and further into lysosomes in a microtubule-dependent manner. The characterization of MSRV entry will further advance the understanding of rhabdovirus cellular entry pathways and provide novel targets for antiviral drug against MSRV infection.
Characterization of integrated Marek’s disease virus genomes supports a model of integration by homology-directed recombination and telomere-loop-driven excision
Authors: Wood Michael L. , Neumann Rita , Roy Poornima , Nair Venugopal , Royle Nicola J. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is a lymphotropic alphaherpesvirus that readily infects chickens and some other poultry, triggering complex disease phenotypes, including paralysis, immunosuppression, and lymphoma leading to death. MDV infection is partially controlled by extensive global vaccination programs but nevertheless, it imposes a significant financial burden on commercial poultry farming. Following infection, the MDV genome integrates into host telomeres, which is associated with the virus entering a latent state. The mechanism of integration remains poorly understood but it is contemporaneous with cellular transformation and lymphoma formation and therefore requires investigation. Here we have developed droplet digital PCR assays to quantify different regions of the MDV genome. We have also used long-range PCR and single telomere amplification to establish the organization and relative orientation of MDV genome regions in integrated MDV (iMDV). These analyses show that following integration, the MDV genome is oriented with the unique short region (U
S
) internal to the unique long region (U
L
) and that an iMDV-associated telomere forms at the variable repeat array (mTMR) in a terminal a-like sequence. The data also reveal a very wide range of MDV copy numbers in cell lines, including unexpectedly, additional copies of specific MDV genome regions.

IMPORTANCE
Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is a ubiquitous chicken pathogen that inflicts a large economic burden on the poultry industry, despite worldwide vaccination programs. MDV is only partially controlled by available vaccines, and the virus retains the ability to replicate and spread between vaccinated birds. Following an initial infection, MDV enters a latent state and integrates into host telomeres and this may be a prerequisite for malignant transformation, which is usually fatal. To understand the mechanism that underlies the dynamic relationship between integrated-latent and reactivated MDV, we have characterized integrated MDV (iMDV) genomes and their associated telomeres. This revealed a single orientation among iMDV genomes and the loss of some terminal sequences that is consistent with integration by homology-directed recombination and excision via a telomere-loop-mediated process.
Constitutive proteins of lumpy skin disease virion assessed by next-generation proteomics
Authors: Schlosser-Perrin Léo , Holzmuller Philippe , Fernandez Bernard , Miotello Guylaine , Dahmani Noureddine , Neyret Aymeric , Bertagnoli Stéphane , Armengaud Jean , Caufour Philippe 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) virus, a ruminant poxvirus of the
Capripoxvirus
genus, is the etiologic agent of an economically important cattle disease categorized as a notifiable disease by the World Organisation for Animal Health. The large and complex enveloped LSD virus (LSDV) particle encloses a double-stranded linear DNA genome of 151 kbp, comprising 156 predicted ORFs, together with a variety of proteins that are not yet identified. In parallel with a recent widespread expansion of LSD, many LSDV whole genomes have been sequenced, but knowledge on protein composition of the LSDV particle remains missing. In this study, LSD mature virions (MV) from strain KSGP-0240 were purified through a multistep ultracentrifugation process. The protein composition of LSD virions was then analyzed using label-free shotgun proteomics, based upon nano-liquid chromatography (LC) and tandem mass spectrometry. This procedure resulted in the identification of a total of 111 LSDV proteins. Considering that this first MV proteome extended beyond packaged proteins into the field of contaminants, an analytical methodology was developed and made it possible to select 66 viral proteins as candidates for packaging into MV. These viral proteins were analyzed comparatively with proteins previously demonstrated to be constitutive of the vaccinia virus MV particle. Offering for the first time a comprehensive proteomic analysis of an LSDV strain, this study contributes to our understanding of the structural features of infectious LSDV MV particles and paves the way for further systematic proteomic characterization of other LSDV strains.

IMPORTANCE

Lumpy skin disease virus
(LSDV) is the causative agent of an economically important cattle disease which is notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health. Over the past decades, the disease has spread at an alarming rate throughout the African continent, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, the Russian Federation, and many Asian countries. While multiple LDSV whole genomes have made further genetic comparative analyses possible, knowledge on the protein composition of the LSDV particle remains lacking. This study provides for the first time a comprehensive proteomic analysis of an infectious LSDV particle, prompting new efforts toward further proteomic LSDV strain characterization. Furthermore, this first incursion within the capripoxvirus proteome represents one of very few proteomic studies beyond the sole
Orthopoxvirus
genus, for which most of the proteomics studies have been performed. Providing new information about other chordopoxviruses may contribute to shedding new light on protein composition within the
Poxviridae
family.