bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrothermal Pentlandite (Ni,Fe)9S8 from Kambalda, Western Australia: Occurrences, Formation Conditions, and Association with Orogenic Gold
Authors: Staude Sebastian , Scharrer Manuel , Markl Gregor , Simon Isaac , Pfaff Katharina , Monecke Thomas , Blanc Philippe 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Pentlandite, (Ni,Fe)9S8, most commonly occurs in mafic or ultramafic rocks in association with other sulfide minerals, including pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite. However, at a few localities pentlandite has been found in hydrothermal settings. At Kambalda in Western Australia, hydrothermal pentlandite occurs in three different vein types: (1) sulfide veins, (2) quartz-calcite veins associated with biotite-epidote alteration, and (3) calcite veins containing arsenides and base metal sulfide minerals. In all three vein types, pentlandite (1) is restricted to veins crosscutting magmatic Ni sulfide lenses, (2) only occurs within &lt;10 m of sulfide bodies, and (3) is associated only with pyrrhotite.
In some cases, the pentlandite in the hydrothermal veins has higher Fe and lower Co contents compared to that in the magmatic Ni sulfide ores. The sulfarsenide minerals also show a bimodal distribution in terms of their chemistry: those associated with hydrothermal veins are dominated by Ni, whereas those associated with a primary magmatic origin are rich in Co. Intermediate compositions are observed, notably where hydrothermal sulfarsenide minerals directly overgrow earlier magmatic sulfide minerals.
Thermodynamic calculations show that the hydrothermal pentlandite-pyrrhotite assemblages can form from highly reduced, hydrothermal fluids at near neutral pH. Pentlandite deposition can be triggered by an increase in pH and/or a decrease in temperature. Associated gangue minerals, such as biotite, feldspar, and quartz, are likely deposited as a result of concomitant fluid–rock interaction. High fluid temperatures (i.e., 400–500 °C) favor pentlandite formation due to an increase in Ni solubility. The pentlandite-pyrrhotite-biotite assemblage has a narrow stability field coinciding with a field of elevated Au solubility, which prevents coprecipitation of native gold with this mineral assemblage. In contrast, the pentlandite-arsenide mineral assemblage shows a larger stability field which overlaps with conditions allowing Au precipitation. The modeling results suggest that identification of the mineral assemblages in which pentlandite occurs is important in mineral exploration, one implication being that pentlandite-rich, hydrothermal veins will be expected to be Au-free. Conversely, pentlandite-poor or -absent veins, possibly containing Ni-arsenide minerals, may contain gold and could thus be indicative of enhanced prospectivity for gold.
Apatite and Biotite in Syenitic Intrusions, Archean Karari Gold Deposit: Evidence for an Oxidized Magma and Oxidized Subsolidus Potassic (Biotite) Alteration
Authors: Witt Walter , Roberts Malcolm , Hagemann Steffen , Fisher Chris 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Apatite and biotite from syenitic intrusions at the Karari gold deposit, Kurnalpi Terrane, Archean Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, were targeted for microprobe and LA-ICP-MS analyses in order to determine some parameters (e.g., temperature, oxygen fugacity) during magmatic crystallization and potassic (biotite) hydrothermal alteration. The understanding of magmatic conditions is limited by the almost complete hydrothermal modification of magmatic minerals but made possible by the analysis of refractory magmatic apatite and rare relics of Ba-rich biotite. The SO3 contents of apatite cores (up to 1 wt.%) indicate that the syenitic magmas were strongly oxidized (fO2 &gt; NNO +1) and contained approximately 1360 ppm S. The Cl contents of apatite are very low, suggesting crystallization from a low-Cl magma resulting from early separation of a volatile phase that sequestered Cl from the magma. Trends defined by wt.% SO3, at constant XF/XCl, are consistent with partitioning of oxidized S into the volatile phase during apatite crystallization.
Early potassic alteration of the syenitic intrusions produced fine-grained seams of hydrothermal biotite and compositional modifications of igneous biotite phenocrysts. The magnesian composition of the hydrothermal biotite (mg# &gt; 0.5) suggests that oxidized magmatic conditions persisted during potassic alteration. Provinciality of compositional data for different intrusion samples suggests that potassic alteration took place at low fluid:rock ratios. The potassic hydrothermal fluid modified the rims of igneous apatite crystals, depleting them in F, light rare earth elements, Mn, and S. The rare earth elements were rapidly redeposited, as monazite, in the apatite rims or surrounding groundmass. The depletion of S in apatite rims indicates that the potassic (biotite) alteration fluid was under-saturated in S. Application of the biotite-apatite geothermometer suggests potassic (biotite) alteration took place at temperatures of about 660 °C. The results of this study suggest the syenitic magmas at Karari were strongly oxidized, similar to Canadian examples of syenite-associated gold deposits, and therefore potentially fertile for hydrothermal gold.
Murphyite, Pb(TeO4), the Te-Analogue of Raspite, a New Mineral from Tombstone, Arizona, USA
Authors: Yang Hexiong , Gu Xiangping , Gibbs Ronald B. , Downs Robert T. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A new mineral species, murphyite (IMA 2021-107), ideally Pb(TeO4), has been found from the Grand Central mine, Tombstone, Arizona, USA. It occurs as bladed or prismatic crystals on top of a quartz matrix. Associated minerals include chlorargyrite, emmonsite, ottoite, stolzite, scheelite, schieffelinite, quartz, and jarosite. Individual crystals of murphyite are up to 0.20 × 0.05 × 0.05 mm in size. Twinning is common on {100}. Murphyite is colorless to very pale yellow in transmitted light, transparent with white streak and adamantine luster. It is brittle and has a Mohs hardness of ∼3½, with perfect cleavage on {100}. The calculated density is 7.579 g/cm3. Murphyite is insoluble in water or hydrochloric acid. An electron microprobe analysis yielded the empirical formula (based on 4 O apfu): (Pb0.96Fe0.03Mn0.02)Σ1.01[(Te0.61W0.38)Σ0.99O4], which can be simplified to Pb[(Te,W)O4].
Murphyite is the Te-analogue of raspite, Pb(WO4), and represents the first mineral with Te6+ substituting for W6+ over 50%. It is monoclinic with space group P21/a and unit-cell parameters a = 13.6089(3), b = 5.01750(10), c = 5.5767(2) Å, β = 107.9280(10)°, V = 362.302(17) Å3, and Z = 4. Its crystal structure consists of distorted MO6 (M = Te + W) octahedra sharing edges to form zigzag chains running parallel to [010]. These chains are linked together by PbO7 polyhedra. Compared to raspite, the substitution of W6+ by Te6+, which has a smaller ionic radius, results in a noticeable structural change: a significant decrease in MO6 octahedral angle distortion, with a concomitant increase in both MO6 octahedral volume and average Pb–O bond length. The unit-cell volume increases from 358.72(4) Å3 for raspite to 362.302(17) Å3 for murphyite. Raman spectroscopic data show that the major peak ascribable to M–O symmetrical stretching vibrations within the MO6 octahedron is centered at 870 cm−1 for raspite but at 881 cm−1 for murphyite.
MENIMBANG EFEKTIFITAS PELATIHAN MODEL BLENDED LEARNING SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Falah Muhammad Miftakhul 
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of training using an integrated learning model during the Covivirus-19 pandemic. This study consists of both qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods. The three stages of Kirkpatrick's evaluation model, reaction, learning, and behavior, are used to measure participant responses, learning outcomes, and behavioral changes following multimedia-based learning media training in Karanganyar's workplace. Participants numbered forty in the research based on the saturated sample technique. Positive sentiments (mean score of 4.4 /extremely high) dominated the responses of the participants to the training, which included widyaiswara, the committee, participation, and the facilities. The consistency of respondents' responses and the grade of items are both satisfactory. There is an effect of multimedia-based learning media training activities on participants' knowledge. Medium N Gain attained by 0.4285. The complexity aspect is the most difficult skill evaluation item, while the suitability of the material content is the easiest. Aspects that arise involve confidence, responsibility, activity, cooperation, neatness, discipline, originality, gratitude, honesty, courtesy, and initiative emerge. The level of behavior modification is determined by the effect of media on the learning process, the use of learning media intensity during the covid pandemic, and the relevance to competency development needs.Keywords: Kirkpatrick evaluation model; learning media; multimedia; blended learning
Implementation of an Efficient Bayesian Search for Gravitational-wave Bursts with Memory in Pulsar Timing Array Data
Authors: Sun Jerry , Baker Paul T. , Johnson Aaron D. , Madison Dustin R. , Siemens Xavier 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The standard Bayesian technique for searching pulsar timing data for gravitational-wave bursts with memory (BWMs) using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling is very computationally expensive to perform. In this paper, we explain the implementation of an efficient Bayesian technique for searching for BWMs. This technique makes use of the fact that the signal model for Earth-term BWMs (BWMs passing over the Earth) is fully factorizable. We estimate that this implementation reduces the computational complexity by a factor of 100. We also demonstrate that this technique gives upper limits consistent with published results using the standard Bayesian technique, and may be used to perform all of the same analyses of BWMs that standard MCMC techniques can perform.
A 1.3% Distance to M33 from Hubble Space Telescope Cepheid Photometry
Authors: Breuval Louise , Riess Adam G. , Macri Lucas M. , Li Siyang , Yuan Wenlong , Casertano Stefano , Konchady Tarini , Trahin Boris , Durbin Meredith J. , Williams Benjamin F. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We present a low-dispersion period–luminosity relation (PL) based on 154 Cepheids in Messier 33 (M33) with Hubble Space Telescope (HST) photometry from the PHATTER survey. Using high-quality ground-based light curves, we recover Cepheid phases and amplitudes for multi-epoch HST data and we perform template fitting to derive intensity-averaged mean magnitudes. HST observations in the SH0ES near-infrared Wesenheit system significantly reduce the effect of crowding relative to ground-based data, as seen in the final PL scatter of σ = 0.11 mag. We adopt the absolute calibration of the PL based on HST observations in the Large Magellanic Cloud and a distance derived using late-type detached eclipsing binaries to obtain a distance modulus for M33 of μ = 24.622 ± 0.030 mag (d = 840 ± 11 kpc), a best-to-date precision of 1.3%. We find very good agreement with past Cepheid-based measurements. Several tip of the red giant branch estimates bracket our result while disagreeing with each other. Finally, we show that the flux contribution from star clusters hosting Cepheids in M33 does not impact the distance measurement and we find only ∼3.7% of the sample is located in (or nearby) young clusters. M33 offers one of the best sites for the cross-calibration of many primary distance indicators. Thus, a precise independent geometric determination of its distance would provide a valuable new anchor to measure the Hubble constant.
Ohmic Dissipation During the Formation of Super-Earth
Authors: Jia Shi , Zhong Wei, , Yu Cong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The super-Earth population, as one of the representatives of exoplanets, plays an important role in constraining the planet formation theories. According to the prediction from core-accretion models, super-Earths should be rare because their masses are in the range of the critical mass above which they would grow to be gas giants by runaway gas accretion. In this work, we investigate the effect of ohmic dissipation on the planetary thermal structure and cooling contraction as planets accrete gas from their surrounding disks. We find that the extra heating energy from ohmic heating deposited into planetary envelopes can push the planetary radiative-convective boundaries inward and prevent the planets from cooling, and can even halt accretion. We explore parameter space to study the dependence of cooling timescale on the input parameters of the ohmic-dissipation model. Numerical results show that gas accretion can be halted before runaway gas accretion and the envelope mass is only several percent of the planetary core mass for some parameter sets. Our results suggest that ohmic dissipation is a potential mechanism to delay the gas accretion and promote the formation of super-Earths. Future observations may help to constrain the importance of ohmic dissipation on super-Earth formation.
CLEAR: The Morphological Evolution of Galaxies in the Green Valley
Authors: Estrada-Carpenter Vicente , Papovich Casey , Momcheva Ivelina , Brammer Gabriel , Simons Raymond C. , Cleri Nikko J. , Giavalisco Mauro , Matharu Jasleen , Trump Jonathan R. , Weiner Benjamin , Ji Zhiyuan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Quiescent galaxies having more compact morphologies than star-forming galaxies has been a consistent result in the field of galaxy evolution. What is not clear is at what point this divergence happens, i.e., when do quiescent galaxies become compact, and how big of a role does the progenitor effect play in this result? Here we aim to model the morphological and star formation histories of high-redshift (0.8 < z < 1.65) massive galaxies (

log
(
M

/

M

⊙

)

> 10.2) with stellar population fits using Hubble Space Telescope/WFC3 G102 and G141 grism spectra plus photometry from the CANDELS Lyα Emission at Reionization (CLEAR) survey, constraining the star formation histories for a sample of ∼400 massive galaxies using flexible star formation histories. We develop a novel approach to classifying galaxies by their star formation activity in a way that highlights the green valley population, by modeling the specific star formation rate distributions as a function of redshift and deriving the probability that a galaxy is quiescent (P

Q
). Using P

Q
and our flexible star formation histories we outline the evolutionary paths of our galaxies in relation to stellar mass, Sérsic index, effective radius R
eff, and stellar mass surface density. We find that the galaxies show no appreciable stellar mass growth after entering the green valley (a net decrease of 4%) while their stellar mass surface densities increase by ∼0.25 dex. Therefore galaxies are becoming compact during the green valley and this is due to an increase in the Sérsic index and a decrease in R
eff.
The relationship between naturalized alien and native plant species: insights from oceanic islands of the south-east Pacific over the last 200 years
Authors: Cáceres-Polgrossi Luis , Di Rico Maura , Parra Diego , Seebens Hanno , Galvin Stephen D. , Boehmer H. Juergen 
Published: July 2023

Aim: The relationship between native and naturalized alien species has been widely studied, particularly across large geographic scales. However, our knowledge of the spatial and temporal variations of their relationships is still limited, particularly for remote oceanic islands such as those of the south-east Pacific and across islands and archipelagos. In this study, we aim to assess the relationships between native and naturalized alien species by analyzing their current patterns of species-area relationships at different spatial scales, in addition to temporal variations in species richness, over the last 200 years.Area: One island (Rapa Nui) and two archipelagos (Juan Fernandez and Desventuradas Islands) comprising a total of 11 oceanic islands of the south-east Pacific (OISEP).Methods: We assembled the most comprehensive dataset of the vascular flora of the OISEP from currently available island flora checklists and updated with recent publications. Each plant species was classified as being native or naturalized alien. We examined temporal changes by estimating species richness, naturalization rates and naturalized-to-native ratios over time based on the first collection year of each naturalized alien species. Then, we determined the best shape of naturalized alien species richness accumulation over time by contrasting the fit of lineal, exponential, sigmoidal and Weibull regressions. Finally, we analyzed the relationships between native and naturalized species firstly at the inter-archipelagic scale by fitting island species-area relationship models and secondly at the island scale by performing ranged major axis regression analysis on residual values.Results: The OISEP flora dataset contained 674 species of which 282 were native and 392 were naturalized alien. Native island species-area relationships were similar to those of the naturalized alien species. Naturalized alien species richness increased notably through time with two clear peaks in 1950 and 2000. A Weibull regression and an exponential shape over time were the most appropriate fits for naturalized alien species richness accumulations at the inter-archipelagic scale, which further emphasizes the notable increase in naturalized alien species richness experienced in the timeframe examined here.Main conclusions: The relationship between naturalized alien species richness and native species richness was found to be independent of the geographic scale. The number of naturalized alien species clearly exceeded the number of native species on most islands but also for the whole OISEP. The accumulation of newly detected naturalized alien species does not show any sign of saturation and it is likely that new species will arrive in the future. Increased efforts on monitoring, prevention and biosecurity are needed to halt biological invasions on these unique island ecosystems.
Clinical Factors and Outcomes of Acute-Onset Endophthalmitis Following Small-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy Surgery
Authors: Vagaggini Tommaso , Adams Olufemi E. , Curran Christian D. , Prairie Michael L. , Baker Mikayla J. , Sastry Ananth , Ryan Edwin H. , Parke D. Wilkin , Mittra Robert A. , Tang Peter H. 
Published: July 2023

Background and Objectives:
Describe risk factors, findings, and outcomes of acute endophthalmitis (AE) following small-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

Patients and Methods:
This was a retrospective single-center, nonrandomized study of post-PPV AE patients from 2013 to 2021. All received vitreous biopsy before treatment. Patients were divided into cohorts: 1) PPV within 3 days of diagnosis (Urgent-PPV), and 2) no urgent PPV (Other-treatment [Tx]). Main outcome was best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 6 months.

Results:

Twenty-one patients were analyzed. Epiretinal membrane was the most common indication for PPV (48%). Incidence was 0.074%. Culture-positive rate was 57%. For final BCVA, there was no significant (
P
= 0.85) difference between Urgent-PPV (median = 0.40 logMAR) and Other Tx cohorts (median = 0.35 logMAR). Sclerotomy wounds were not sutured in 71% of patients. Approximately 24% and 38% of patients analyzed had either no tamponade or partial tamponade, respectively.

Conclusion:
Tamponade agents and sclerotomy suturing may be important factors when evaluating post-small-gauge PPV-associated AE. Further studies are necessary for clarification.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2023;54:395–400.]
A Review of Novel Anesthetic Technique for Vitreoretinal Surgery
Authors: Dodson Steven , Wang Rui , Todorich Bozho 
Published: July 2023

Background and Objective:
Currently, there is no standardized formulation of intravenous anesthetic that exists for vitreoretinal surgery. We describe a novel anesthetic protocol for vitreoretinal surgery that is safe and effective for patients and surgeons alike.

Study Design:
Review the current challenges to vitreoretinal anesthetic technique and descriptive overview outlining the proposed anesthetic protocol and associated experience with technique.

Results:
The proposed anesthetic technique utilizes a sub-tenon peribulbar block with a continuous propofol infusion. A low dosage continuous propofol infusion provides patients with profound anxiolysis and relaxation while maintaining wakefulness. Fentanyl can be additionally titrated for patients that report symptoms of pain or increased respiratory rate.

Conclusion:
A low dose propofol infusion in combination with sub-tenon peribulbar block and judicious use of fentanyl provide an ideal operative condition for ambulatory vitreoretinal surgery.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2023;54:429–431.]
Mettre l’intime en bande dessinée. Un dialogue avec Léna Merhej et Noémie Honein
Authors: De Giacometti Michela , Odasso Laura 
Published: July 2023

Cet entretien rend compte de l’échange que nous avons eu avec Noémie Honein et Léna Merhej – deux artistes libanaises particulièrement connues pour leurs travaux en bande dessinée – au sujet de leurs trajectoires, ainsi que de leurs quêtes, interrogations et pratique artistiques. Leurs parcours, singuliers et témoignant de générations différentes, convergent dans leur volonté de mettre en récit et en dessin l’intimité. Dans De l’importance du poil de nez, Noémie Honein explore son expérience de la maladie, alors qu’à l’âge de vingt ans elle apprend être atteinte d’un cancer. La mise en récit de cette période de sa vie, sous forme de bande dessinée, s’apparente à un voyage à la découverte de ses relations intimes : celles qu’elle entretient avec sa famille et celles qu’elle développe avec son corps qui se métamorphose au fur et à mesure des thérapies. Elle interroge ainsi son rapport à la sexualité, également affectée par la maladie. Née d’une mère allemande et d’un père libanais, Léna Merhej consacre l’un de ses premiers travaux Laban et confiture, ou comment ma mère est devenue Libanaise à narrer une intimité familiale traversée par la guerre du Liban (1975-1990), la reconstruction du pays, et encore la guerre de l’été 2006. Elle y explore la question des identités plurielles dans la pratique du quotidien et joue habilement avec les stéréotypes d’une prétendue identité libanaise. En 2007, Léna Merhej fonde au Liban, avec trois autres artistes et dessinateurs, la revue Samandal (« salamandre » en arabe), dont la vocation est d’être, à l’image de cet amphibien, une entité hybride. Il s’agit, à l’origine, d’un projet expérimental destiné à soutenir la publication d’œuvres de ce premier groupe d’artistes. La revue se transforme rapidement en un collectif et élargit ses horizons pour inclure les bandes dessinées d’autres artistes du monde arabe et d’ailleurs. En 2016, Samandal publie en France, pour des raisons de censure, aux éditions Alifbata, le numéro intitulé Ça restera entre nous : un ouvrage sans fard sur le thème de la sexualité qui offre des planches illustrées, dans quatre langues (arabe, français, anglais et italien), de 27 artistes internationaux. Lever le voile sur les expériences singulières des corps – celles de la sexualité et celles de la maladie – invite à explorer les contextes dans lesquels celles-ci prennent forme : les vécus personnels de ces femmes sont en effet intimement mêlés à des conjonctures politiques et à l’expérience collective. Ces deux artistes – qui vivent désormais entre la France et le Liban – se racontent, parlent de leur famille et dressent aussi le portrait de leur pays d’origine, le Liban.