bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning a Model of Shape Selectivity in V4 Cells Reveals Shape Encoding Mechanisms in the Brain
Authors: Mehrani Paria , Tsotsos John K. 
Published: April 2023

The mechanisms involved in transforming early visual signals to curvature representations in V4 are unknown. We propose a hierarchical model that reveals V1/V2 encodings that are essential components for this transformation to the reported curvature representations in V4. Then, by relaxing the often-imposed prior of a single Gaussian, V4 shape selectivity is learned in the last layer of the hierarchy from Macaque V4 responses. We found that V4 cells integrate multiple shape parts from the full spatial extent of their receptive fields with similar excitatory and inhibitory contributions. Our results uncover new details in existing data about shape selectivity in V4 neurons that with additional experiments can enhance our understanding of processing in this area. Accordingly, we propose designs for a stimulus set that allow removing shape parts without disturbing the curvature signal to isolate part contributions to V4 responses.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSelectivity to convex and concave shape parts in V4 neurons has been repeatedly reported. Nonetheless, the mechanisms that yield such selectivities in the ventral stream remain unknown. We propose a hierarchical computational model that incorporates findings of the various visual areas involved in shape processing and suggest mechanisms that transform the shape signal from low-level features to convex/concave part representations. Learning shape selectivity from Macaque V4 responses in the final processing stage in our model, we found that V4 neurons integrate shape parts from the full spatial extent of their receptive field with both facilitatory and inhibitory contributions. These results reveal hidden information in existing V4 data that with additional experiments can enhance our understanding of processing in V4.
Human-Like Modulation Sensitivity Emerging through Optimization to Natural Sound Recognition
Authors: Koumura Takuya , Terashima Hiroki , Furukawa Shigeto 
Published: April 2023

Natural sounds contain rich patterns of amplitude modulation (AM), which is one of the essential sound dimensions for auditory perception. The sensitivity of human hearing to AM measured by psychophysics takes diverse forms depending on the experimental conditions. Here, we address with a single framework the questions of why such patterns of AM sensitivity have emerged in the human auditory system and how they are realized by our neural mechanisms. Assuming that optimization for natural sound recognition has taken place during human evolution and development, we examined its effect on the formation of AM sensitivity by optimizing a computational model, specifically, a multilayer neural network, for natural sound (namely, everyday sounds and speech sounds) recognition and simulating psychophysical experiments in which the AM sensitivity of the model was assessed. Relatively higher layers in the model optimized to sounds with natural AM statistics exhibited AM sensitivity similar to that of humans, although the model was not designed to reproduce human-like AM sensitivity. Moreover, simulated neurophysiological experiments on the model revealed a correspondence between the model layers and the auditory brain regions. The layers in which human-like psychophysical AM sensitivity emerged exhibited substantial neurophysiological similarity with the auditory midbrain and higher regions. These results suggest that human behavioral AM sensitivity has emerged as a result of optimization for natural sound recognition in the course of our evolution and/or development and that it is based on a stimulus representation encoded in the neural firing rates in the auditory midbrain and higher regions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study provides a computational paradigm to bridge the gap between the behavioral properties of human sensory systems as measured in psychophysics and neural representations as measured in nonhuman neurophysiology. This was accomplished by combining the knowledge and techniques in psychophysics, neurophysiology, and machine learning. As a specific target modality, we focused on the auditory sensitivity to sound AM. We built an artificial neural network model that performs natural sound recognition and simulated psychophysical and neurophysiological experiments in the model. Quantitative comparison of a machine learning model with human and nonhuman data made it possible to integrate the knowledge of behavioral AM sensitivity and neural AM tunings from the perspective of optimization to natural sound recognition.
Encapsulation of beta-pancreatic cells in a hydrogel based on alginate and graphene oxide with high potential application in the diabetes treatment
Authors: Moreno-Castellanos Natalia , Velásquez-Rincón María Camila , Rodríguez-Sanabria Angie Viviana , Cuartas-Gómez Elías , Vargas-Ceballos Oscar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease. Current therapies, including islet transplantation suffer instant blood mediated inflammatory reaction, nutrition and oxygen supply deficiency. Graphene oxide (GO) has shown to promote proliferation of different cells and alginate-based scaffolds are alternatives for beta-pancreatic cell functional improvement. We developed an alginate-GO based hydrogel that allows encapsulation and supporting beta-pancreatic cell survival. Physicochemical analysis revealed that a high GO concentration contributed to the morphological and chemical modification of the polymer matrix. Further analysis showed that alginate-GO hydrogel presented a more compact structure, less swelling, and lower degradation rate at high GO concentrations. Mechanical analysis revealed similar behaviour to that of the pancreas. Biocompatibility analysis demonstrated a relative increase in viability, proliferation, and cellular respiration due to GO content. 25 µg/mL alginate-GO hydrogel is a potential candidate for cell encapsulation and in vitro studies suggest a low cytotoxic effect in pancreatic cells, and enhanced functional behaviour, which may be favourable for diabetes treatment.

Graphical Abstract
Investigation of unaged and long-term aged bio-based asphalt mixtures containing lignin according to the VECD theory
Authors: Gaudenzi Elena , Ingrassia Lorenzo Paolo , Cardone Fabrizio , Lu Xiaohu , Canestrari Francesco 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the near future, the world of civil and building engineering will be dominated by the advent of bio-materials. Even the road paving sector is involved in the transition towards more sustainable solutions, promoting at the same time environmental benefits and economic savings. Currently, one of the main goals is to ensure that bio-binders offer good performance, at least comparable with that offered by conventional materials. In the last decades, the exponential increase in traffic volumes has led to various types of asphalt pavement distresses, among which fatigue cracking is one of the most common. Within this context, this study presents the characterization of a bio-based asphalt mixture obtained by replacing 30% of bitumen with lignin, which was compared with a reference asphalt mixture containing a plain bitumen characterised by the same penetration grade. Laboratory produced and compacted specimens were subjected to complex modulus and cyclic fatigue tests with the Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester (AMPT). Both unaged and long-term aging conditions were investigated. The tests and the subsequent analyses were based on the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage (S-VECD) approach. Overall, the results showed that the presence of lignin led to a lower aging susceptibility, but also caused a slight reduction in fatigue life due to an increase in the material stiffness. Furthermore, the obtained results confirmed previous findings deriving from the study of the two binders and from the conventional characterization of the same asphalt mixtures as well.
Asistencia de enfermería al paciente con dolor
Authors: Molina R Maria Eugenia 
Published: April 2023

El artículo aborda el dolor como una experiencia TOTAL E INDIVIDUAL que compromete tanto la parte biológica como pscológica de la persona y ante el cual cada individuo responde de una manera diferente.Retoma las más importantes recomendaciones de la O.MS.,en relación con el tratamiento farmacológico en el dolor por cáncer.Además, señala la importancia del tratamiento no farmacológico del dolor, en cuanto hace posible tratar el dolor con sus múltiples factores contribuyentes.Presenta la clasificación del dolor en agudo, crónico y por cáncer; al final enfatiza la importancia del trabajo del equipo interdisciplinario en las Clínicas de alivio del dolor.
Experiencia de aprendizaje en la práctica de vigilancia epidemológica de una enfermedad trasmisible miningitis meningococcica
Authors: Arias V María Mercedes , Arango Gloria Cecilia , Alvarez Isabel Cristina , Ceballos Luz Eugenia 
Published: April 2023

A partir de dos defunciones ocurridas en una misma familia, las autoras participaron - entre las acciones de Vigilancia Epidemiológica- en la investigación de campo, en la cual encuentran más de 80 contactos, 4 portadores y 3 defunciones más, debidas a la misma causa. Se descubre el vínculo epidemiológico de la enfermedad meningocóccina entre dos zonas del Area Metropolitana del Vallede de Aburrá y la presencia del virus de la rabia en una de las zonas a partir de un mico conviviente intrafamiliar.El trabajo presenta las historias clínicas, el diagnóstico y tratamiento de acuerdo a estándares de atención, la coordinación interinstitucional tanto de entidades oficiales del sector salud-Metrosalud y S.S.S.A- como formadoras del recurso profesional Facultades de Enfermería y medicina de La U. de A- y privadas -H.J.S.V.P.-.Igualmente resalta la apropiación del problema por la comunidad y la eficacia de las medidad encaminadas a cortar la cadena de transmisión y realizadas en forma interdisciplinaria.En la investigación de campo participaron además Luz Mercedes Gaviria y Flor maría Agudelo, estudiantes del mismo nivel de la carrera.
Variability of site response in the Los Angeles urban area
Authors: Hartzell Stephen , Cranswick Edward , Frankel Arthur , Carver David , Meremonte Mark 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article addresses the variability of site response in the Los Angeles area and possible structural causes for the observations. Aftershock records from 231 sites in the San Fernando and Los Angeles basins and the surrounding mountains are used in this study. Spectral ratios, taken with respect to a low-amplitude reference site, are used to document the variation in site amplification in the frequency range 2 to 6 Hz, both spatially and with backazimuth to the source. At higher frequencies (6 to 10 Hz), spectral ratios are shown to have greater spatial variability. Interstation spectral ratios are used to measure the standard deviation among source as a function of station separation. An increase in the variation in ground motion is shown to take place at a station separation of 1 km. Relative site-response estimates between nearby stations are used to demonstrate that preferred directions of motion can exist even in areas with no surface topographic effects.Significant variations in site response exist over short baselines (up to a factor of 2 over 200 m) that are not explained by differences in surficial geology or shallow shear-wave velocity. A variety of investigative approaches is used, including spectral ratios, arrival-time variations, 1D and 2D waveform modeling, and comparison with seismic reflection lines, to determine the most likely causes of these observations. A correlation is demonstrated between late arrival times of P and S waves and larger site amplification in Sherman Oaks and Northridge. This observation, in conjunction with waveform modeling and seismic reflection profiles, is used to infer that sedimentary structures in the upper 1 to 2 km and topography on the sediment-basement interface play an important role in determining site amplification. These structures, in the form of folds and buried basins, focus energy in spatially restricted areas at the surface. Comparison of displacement waveforms at nearby stations having disparate site amplifications, complemented by known shallow shear-wave velocities at selected sites, is used to support the argument that these structures, in some cases, can be the dominant factor in the modification of local ground motions.
Estimating earthquake location and magnitude from seismic intensity data
Authors: Bakun W. H. , Wentworth C. M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Analysis of Modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) observations for a training set of 22 California earthquakes suggests a strategy for bounding the epicentral region and moment magnitude M from MMI observations only. We define an intensity magnitude MI that is calibrated to be equal in the mean to M. MI = mean (Mi), where Mi = (MMIi + 3.29 + 0.0206 * Δi)/1.68 and Δi is the epicentral distance (km) of observation MMIi. The epicentral region is bounded by contours of rms [MI] = rms (MI − Mi − rms0 (MI − Mi), where rms is the root mean square, rms0 (MI − Mi) is the minimum rms over a grid of assumed epicenters, and empirical site corrections and a distance weighting function are used. Empirical contour values for bounding the epicenter location and empirical bounds for M estimated from MI appropriate for different levels of confidence and different quantities of intensity observations are tabulated. The epicentral region bounds and MI obtained for an independent test set of western California earthquakes are consistent with the instrumental epicenters and moment magnitudes of these earthquakes. The analysis strategy is particularly appropriate for the evaluation of pre-1900 earthquakes for which the only available data are a sparse set of intensity observations.
Efficacy of brivacetam as an anti-epileptic in patients with epilepsy, with special reference to previous exposure to levetiractam
Authors: Waghralkar Mandar Gopalkrishna , Manchala Shashidhar 
Published: April 2023

Brivaracetam (BRV) is a new antiepileptic drug (AED) approved for adjunctive treatment of focal (partial-onset) seizures in adults. It is a selective, high-affinity ligand for synaptic vesicle 2A (SV2A) with much higher affinity than Levetiracetam (LEV). It has a high lipid solubility and rapid brain penetration, and has been shown to have potent broad-spectrum antiepileptic activity in animal models. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of BRV in everyday clinical practice. This observational study included 35 participants, suffering from different types of epilepsy. Patients were observed over a period of 1 year and data was collected using an interview design model. After the initial interview, a final interview took place after 1 year. Various parameters studied included demographic parameters, seizure frequency and duration, any side effects such as behavioral issues. This study included total 35 patients. The mean age of the participants was 33 years (range 3 – 90 years). Approximately 63% patients demonstrated a decrease in seizure frequency after switching to Brivacetam. Out of these patients, 76% patients were those patients, who were earlier treated with Levetiracetam, and it was discontinued either due to inadequate control of seizures or prominent side-effects. Brivaracetam also improved emotional balance in the treated patients (treatment naïve or Levetiracteam associated behavioral issues).Brivaracetam seems to be an effective and safe antiepileptic drug in the routine clinical setting.
Post traumatic pneumocephalus, its complications and management outcome: A prospective study in tertiary care center
Authors: Anjum Zafar KAmal , Sundaram Ponraj K 
Published: April 2023

To study clinical course and complications in patients diagnosed to have post-traumatic pneumocephalus based on: 1. Patterns of associated skull fractures; 2 Findings seen in CT scan which may be risk factors for development of CSFR, meningitis or tension pneumocephalus. To study clinical outcome in patients with PTP This prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 14 months from 15 Nov. 2017 to 15 Jan. 2019 in Goa Medical College, a tertiary care centre for the management of all kind of trauma patients including TBI. The study included all cases of TBI with CT head showing PTP alonwith there radiological findings, clinical course, complications and its management outcome. A total of 102 cases of post-traumatic pneumocephalus were included in the study. Motor vehicle accident was found to be major cause of PTP (79.41%). The most common site of post traumatic PTP was subdural (45.1%). Majority of the patients with PTP had focal PTP underlying the fracture segment (63.73%). Majority of the patients (30) had either isolated fracture frontal sinus (18) or multiple basal (12). CSFR was seen in 13 patients. Majority (74.51%) of patients were treated conservatively. Most of operative interventions were done for associated EDH, SDH, Contusion or diffuse brain injuries. Comminuted depressed fracture frontal sinus is most common fracture associated in patients with massive pneumocephalus and CSFR. All patients with evidence of post traumatic PTP and basal skull fracture must be followed over longer period as delayed onset TP, CSF leak and meningitis didn’t show any specific pattern with initial presentation.The use of prophylactic anticonvulsants should be based on the presence of other indications for it.Patients with PTP can be managed without prophylactic antibiotics which can be reserved then only for those with contaminated injuries.TP, CSF leak and meningitis are life threatening complications of PTP. Early recognition and high index of clinical suspicion and prompt treatment results in improvement of vast majority of patients.
Association between plasma adiponectin levels and severity of acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Phalgune Deepak Sadashiv , Damle Siddharth , Bahulikar Arun , Patel Divya , Tambolkar Ajit 
Published: April 2023

There is little documentation describing the correlation between plasma adiponectin and the severity of ischemic stroke in the Indian population. The present study was aimed to find the correlation between plasma adiponectin levels and severity of acute ischemic stroke using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Modified Rankins Scale (MRS). The present prospective observational study was conducted on 109 patients of confirmed acute ischemic stroke aged ≥ 30 years presenting within 24 hours of new onset of neurodeficits. NIHSS and MRS were measured within 24 hours and 5 days after onset of symptoms respectively. Plasma adiponectin levels were measured. The primary objectives were to find the correlation of plasma adiponectin levels with severity of acute ischemic stroke using the NIHSS and neurological functional outcome using the MRS. The secondary objectives were to find an association of plasma adiponectin levels with serum lipid profile and comorbidities.There was a negative correlation between plasma adiponectin levels and NIHSS score (r = - 0.110, p-value = 0.253) and MRS (r = -0.041, p-value = 0.672) which was not statistically significant. The median plasma adiponectin levels were comparable between the groups of cases with co-morbidity and without co-morbidity. A significantly higher percentage of patients who had high triglyceride levels had normal plasma adiponectin levels. The distribution of other lipid parameters and hypertension did not differ significantly between the groups of cases with normal and abnormal plasma adiponectin levels. There was no correlation between plasma adiponectin levels and severity of acute ischemic stroke.
About Two Gems from the Excavations of 1837 near Anapa
Authors: Chernenko Victoria 
Published: April 2023

The fund of Baron G. V. Rosen, which today is included in the collection of the Department of Written Sources of the State Historical Museum interesting for archaeologists and historians of the antiquity of the Northern Black Sea region, as it contains information about the first archaeological research in the vicinity of the city of Anapa. In 1837 were carried out excavations of the mounds under the leadership of Lieutenant Colonel Boguslav Greenfield. Information about this excavations was preserved in his letters and reports to G. V. Rosen. Despite the unprofessional nature of the excavations, the lieutenant colonel tried to preserve and transmit information about the structure of burial mounds and the context of the finds. In some cases descriptions of items are given.Thus, the documents not only contain extremely important information for studying the history of archaeological research, but also provide an opportunity to partially study those finds that have been lost over time. So, in the burial mound 7, among other items of grave goods were found two gold rings with images of Cupids on red inserts. The location of glyptic items is currently unknown, however, in our opinion, the lack of the possibility of a detailed description of objects should not become an obstacle to introducing them into scientific circulation.
Paleoecological Inferences for Turborotalita Nikolasi (Koutsoukos, 2014) Based on Stable Carbon and Oxygen Isotopes
Authors: Krahl Guilherme , Koutsoukos Eduardo A. M. , Kochhann Karlos G. D. , Bom Marlone H. H. , Fauth Gerson , Esswein Andressa , Meirelles Valeska 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The species Turborotalita nikolasi first appeared immediately after the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary and is considered the progenitor of all Cenozoic normal perforate species. We present δ18O and δ13C isotope signals of T. nikolasi specimens and compare them with those of mixed-layer (Guembelina cretacea), thermocline (Subbotina trivialis and Chiloguembelina midwayensis), and deep water (Nuttalides truempyi) species with glassy shell preservation from São Paulo Plateau [Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 356]. Turborotalita nikolasi δ18O values are similar to those of G. cretacea, suggesting that both species cohabited the mixed layer. Values of δ13C for T. nikolasi are higher than those of all other planktic foraminiferal species, which may have been due to the presence of photosymbionts, and thus might represent the earliest known record of photosymbiosis for Cenozoic planktic foraminifera. Nuttalides truempyi δ13C values are remarkably high at Site 356, indicating low 12C abundance in deep waters, which could be related to reduced inefficiency of the biological pump in transporting 12C to the bottom of the ocean after the K-Pg boundary during the first ∼300 kyr of the Danian.
Determination of Levofloxacin, Norfloxacin, and Moxifloxacin in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form or Individually Using Derivative UV Spectrophotometry
Authors: Osman Alsayed Fadel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The first, second, third, and fourth-order derivative spectrophotometric methods by using the peak—zero (P - O) and peak-peak (P - P) techniques of measurement have been developed for the determination of levofloxacin, norfloxacin, and moxifloxacin in their combined pharmaceutical dosage form or individually for levofloxacin, norfloxacin, and moxifloxacin. Linearity was achieved at 2–20 µg/ml. The procedure is Simple, quick, and precise. The developed method is sensitive and precise. simple, accurate, and cost-effective, and exhibited a good correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9998) and excellent mean recovery (99.20–100.08%), indicating a high degree of precision of the methods. This approach was successfully used to determine the levofloxacin, norfloxacin, and moxifloxacin content in marketed pharmaceutical dosages. The method's linearity, and accuracy, were confirmed statistically and through recovery tests. The results showed that the method can be used for routine analysis in bulk and commercial formulations.