bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spot Reduction of Localized Fat Deposits on the Lateral Thighs by Simultaneous Emission of Synchronized Radiofrequency and High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic Energy: Magnetic Resonance Multicenter Study
Authors: Palm Melanie D. , Halaas Yael , Kinney Brian M. , Goldfarb Richard 
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND
Unwanted lateral fat most prominently affects the female population and may cause self-esteem issues.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effectiveness and safety of synchronized high-intensity focused electromagnetic (HIFEM) + radiofrequency (RF) for the treatment of lateral thigh adipose tissue.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ninety-three subjects (21–70 year old) received 4, 30-minute HIFEM + RF treatments of the lateral thighs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the treated area was obtained at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatment to document the changes in fat layer thickness. Furthermore, digital photographs, circumference measurements of the lateral thighs, subjects' satisfaction questionnaires, and therapy safety and comfort were documented.

RESULTS
Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a significant reduction of fat tissue in the saddlebag region peaking at 3 months (−18 ± 5.5 mm; N = 51). The thigh circumference measured at 3 predefined levels decreased on average by 2.3 cm, with the greatest change at the level of 10 cm below the infragluteal fold (−3.5 cm, 3-month follow-up). Results were maintained at 6 months. No adverse events were recorded. The therapy was found comfortable with a high satisfaction rate.

CONCLUSION
High-intensity focused electromagnetic + RF treatment to the lateral thigh area demonstrated effectiveness in long-term fat thickness reduction by MRI imaging. Secondary endpoint showed simultaneous effectiveness and safety.
A New Technique for Chondrolaryngoplasty in Patients Assigned Female at Birth
Authors: Zeng Yan , Jiao Hu , Yang Jifan , Fan Jincai , Liu Liqiang , Gan Cheng , Jia Tian , Yang Zengjie , Zhou Lu , Zhang Tiran , Han Bing , Su Zhiguo 
Published: December 2022

Background
Chondrolaryngoplasty is a classical facial feminization surgery for transgender women. In recent years, however, an increasing number of patients assigned female at birth are seeking chondrolaryngoplasty for esthetic purposes. Traditional chondrolaryngoplasty can no longer cope with problems of the growing group whose leading cause of laryngeal prominence differs from the transgender population.

Methods
A modified technique is designed as a supplement to the classical procedure. After the cartilage reduction process, paired platysma flaps are raised and advanced successively, resulting in an overlapped area over the thyroid notch, to further camouflage the thyroid prominence. To evaluate the efficiency of the new technique, a retrospective survey of 34 patients (5 men and 29 women) who underwent the surgery from 2016 to 2021 was performed, via a 5-point Likert scale including 7 questions. Physician assessment was also accomplished to provide an extra estimation. Complications were followed up and analyzed to evaluate the safety of modified surgery as well.

Results
Although only half of the patients graded prominence changes more than “moderately changed,” as many as 75.0% of them still expressed “completely satisfied” or “satisfied very much” with the outcome. Similarly, physician assessment indicated a satisfactory result in appearance improvement. No severe and irreversible complications occurred after surgery, but lasting scar-related issues were reported by 4 patients and should be paid more attention to.

Conclusions
Generally speaking, the new technique is both safe, efficient, and satisfying for most patients, especially ones assigned females at birth with esthetic demand.
Selective Repair of Motor Branches in the Femoral Nerve by Transferring the Motor Branches of Obturator Nerve
Authors: Liu Qing , Deng Xiaobing , Hou Zhiping , Xu Lei , Zhang Youlai 
Published: December 2022

Background
Anterior branch of the obturator nerve transfer has been proven as an effective method for femoral nerve injuries, but the patient still has difficulty in rising and squatting, up and downstairs. Here, we presented a novel neurotization procedure of selectively repairing 3 motor branches of the femoral nerve by transferring motor branches of the obturator nerve in the thigh level and assessing its anatomical feasibility.

Methods
Eight adult cadavers (16 thighs) were dissected. The nerve overlap distance between the gracilis branch and the rectus femoris (RF) branch, the adductor longus (AL) branch and the vastus medialis (VM) branch, as well as the adductor magnus (AM) branch and the vastus intermedius (VI) branch were measured. Also, the axon counts of the donor and recipient nerve were evaluated by histological evaluation.

Results
In all specimens, nerve overlap of at least 2.1 cm was observed in all 16 dissected thighs between the donor and recipient nerve branches, and the repair appeared to be without tension. There is no significant difference in the axon counts between gracilis branch (598 ± 83) and the RF branch (709 ± 151). The axon counts of the AL branch (601 ± 93) was about half of axon counts of the VM branch (1423 ± 189), and the axon counts of AM branch (761 ± 110) was also about half of the VI branch (1649 ± 281).

Conclusions
This novel technique of the combined nerve transfers below the inguinal ligament, specifically the gracilis branch to the RF branch, the AL branch to the VM branch, and the AM branch to the VI branch, is anatomically feasible. It provides a promising alternative in the repair of femoral nerve injuries and an anatomical basis for the clinical application of motor branches of the obturator nerve transfer to repair the motor portion of the injured femoral nerve.
Surgical Management of Polymethylmethacrylate-Collagen Gel Complications in the Lower Eyelid
Authors: Durkin Alan James , Catena Dominique , Woltjen Nick , Boyle Kathleen , Polling Maxwell , Weng John , Chim Jimmy H. 
Published: December 2022

Background
As nonsurgical rejuvenation with fillers continues to grow in popularity, patients are increasingly interested in more durable results. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-collagen gel is unique among fillers in that the PMMA microspheres are not completely absorbed and phagocytosed by the body. This durability coupled with the biophysical properties of PMMA makes it a poor choice for periorbital rejuvenation, an unforgiving and highly complex anatomic area.

Methods
Between 2011 and 2018, 14 patients with PMMA granulomas in various facial areas self-referred to the senior author's practice. Of these patients, 11 were managed nonsurgically; however, all 3 patients who presented with granulomas in the infraorbital area required surgery to remove the filler and restore a natural aesthetic.

Results
The 3 patients with significant swelling and PMMA filler nodules in the infraorbital area with unacceptable cosmetic appearance were females between the ages of 50 and 55 years. Nonsurgical protocols were unsuccessful, and surgical removal was required. All subjects have been followed for a minimum of 2 years with no immediate- or long-term postoperative complications secondary to PMMA removal. Patients remain satisfied with the outcome of the surgery.

Conclusions
Despite the evidence that the periorbital area is prone to adverse events when injected with particulate fillers, misguided enthusiasm for PMMA-collagen gel as a durable treatment continues to lead to unnecessary and severe complications in patients. The case studies presented here highlight that this product should not be introduced into the periorbital area. We also describe a surgical treatment approach for its removal if complications arise.
Oncoplastic Augmentation Mastopexy in Breast Conservation Therapy
Authors: Salinas Harry M. , Ainuz Bar Y. , Pourmoussa Austin J. , Levitt Eli B. , Ali Aleeza , Bouz Antoun , Treiser Matthew D. , Medina Miguel A. 
Published: December 2022

Background
Oncoplastic techniques, in conjunction with lumpectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy, have been demonstrated to achieve good aesthetic results and cancer outcomes in the treatment of patients with macromastia or significant ptosis. This study evaluated a series of patients undergoing breast conservation with concomitant oncoplastic-augmentation-mastopexy and a contralateral augmentation-mastopexy.

Methods
Patients undergoing lumpectomy for breast conservation were identified via a retrospective chart review. Inclusion criteria included patients with ptosis and preexisting breast implants or insufficient breast volume undergoing oncoplastic implant placement/exchange and mastopexy. Demographic characteristics, operative details, and complications were assessed.

Results
Thirty-four consecutive patients (64 breasts, 4 unilateral procedures) were included in the study. Average age was 51.4 years, average body mass index was 27, and 38.2% were smokers/former smokers. The average operative time was 2.5 hours. Furthermore, 38.2% of patients received chemotherapy, and 82.4% of patients received breast adjuvant radiotherapy. The average length of follow-up was 11.7 months. In the sample that received radiation, the capsular contracture rate was 25%, with a 7.1% contracture revision rate. For the entire group, a total of 8 patients (23.5%) underwent revisions for either positive margins (8.8%), capsular contracture (8.8%), implant loss (2.9%), or cosmetic concerns (2.9%). One patient developed a pulmonary embolism.

Conclusions
Oncoplastic-augmentation-mastopexy is a safe technique with acceptable complication rates. This technique is best used for breast cancer patients with breast ptosis and a paucity of breast volume or preexisting implants who wish to pursue breast-conserving therapy. The revision rates are acceptable compared with single-stage cosmetic augmentation procedures as well as other oncoplastic techniques described in the literature, but patients must be clearly counseled on contracture risk.
Prognostic Analysis of Skin Scar Loosening and Tissue-Expansive Autologous Skin Grafting in the Treatment of Skin Postburn Scars
Authors: Zhang Mengyao , Fang Yuan , Li Haibo , Shi Shupeng , Chen Jia , Tang Fengjie , Li Xu , Jiang Ming , Wang Shoubao , Li Shengli , Zhou Jianda 
Published: December 2022

Background:
This study aims to observe and investigate the clinical value of scar loosening and tissue-expansive autologous skin grafting in the treatment of postburn scars and independent risk characteristics for surgery-related complications.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed 94 cases with postburn scars, and all patients were treated with scar loosening and autologous skin grafting. Overall therapeutic effects were evaluated using the standard of cure and improvement of clinical diseases. Burn Specific Health Scale-brief was used to analyze patients’ quality of life. The visual analog scale scores were used to analyze esthetic satisfaction. Surgery-related complications were recorded, and logistic regression model was used to analyze independent factors affecting surgery-related complications.

Results:
As for overall efficacy evaluation, 50 cases were cured, 19 cases were markedly improved, 17 cases improved, and 8 cases were detected and tested, and the overall effective rate was 91.4%. The Burn Specific Health Scale-brief and visual analog scale score showed a trend of increasing gradually. It indicated that the patients were satisfied with the operation and their quality of life was improved. The logistic regression model showed that history of skin disease (OR=1.53 (1.08–2.16), P=0.02) and skin area (OR=2.50 (1.22–4.50), P<0.01) were significantly associated with surgery-related complications.

Conclusions:
Scar loosening and autologous skin grafting is a safe and effective treatment. The history of skin disease and skin area was the independent factors for surgery-related complications.
AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation mediated by Sirtuin 5 alleviates septic acute kidney injury
Authors: Wang Tingjie , Lin Bo , Qiu Weihuang , Yu Binmei , Li Jiaxin , An Sheng , Weng Lijun , Li Yuying , Shi Menglu , Chen Zhongqing , Zeng Zhenhua , Lin Xianzhong , Gao Youguang , Ouyang Jie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Our previous studies have shown that ameliorating mitochondrial damage in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) can alleviate septic acute kidney injury (SAKI). It is reported that AMPK phosphorylation (p-AMPK) could ameliorate mitochondrial damage in renal tissue and Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) over-expression significantly enhanced the level of p-AMPK in bovine preadipocytes. However, the role of SIRT5- mediated phosphorylation of AMPK in SAKI needs to be clarified.

Methods
WT/SIRT5 gene knockout mouse model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced SAKI and a human kidney (HK)-2 cell model of LPS-induced SAKI were constructed. An AMPK chemical activator and SIRT5 overexpression plasmid were employed. Indexes of mitochondrial structure and function, level of p-AMPK, and expression of SIRT5 protein in renal tissue and RTECs were measured.

Results
After sepsis stimulation, the p-AMPK level was decreased, mitochondrial structure was disrupted, and ATP content was decreased. Notably, an AMPK activator alleviated SAKI. SIRT5 gene knockout significantly aggravated SAKI, while SIRT5 overexpression alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction following LPS stimulation, as manifested by the increase of p-AMPK level, the alleviation of mitochondrial structure damage, the restoration of ATP content, the decrease of pro-apoptotic protein expression, as well as the reduction of reactive oxygen species generation.

Conclusion
Up-regulation of SIRT5 expression can attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction in RTECs and alleviate SAKI by enhancing the phosphorylation of AMPK.
Extending Finlay-Wilkinson regression with environmental covariates
Authors: Piepho Hans-Peter 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFinlay-Wilkinson regression is one of the most popular methods for analysing genotype-environment interaction in series of plant breeding and variety trials. The method involves a regression on the environmental mean, computed as the average of all genotype means. The environmental mean is an index for the productivity of an environment. Productivity is driven by a wide array of environmental factors. Increasingly, it is becoming feasible to characterize environments explicitly using quantitative measurements of these factors. Hence, there is mounting interest to replace the environmental index with an explicit regression on such observable environmental covariates. This paper reviews the development of such methods. The focus is on parsimonious models that allow replacing the environmental index by regression on synthetic environmental covariates formed as linear combinations of a larger number of observable environmental covariates. Two new methods are proposed for obtaining such synthetic covariates, which may be integrated into genotype-specific regression models. The main advantage of such explicit modelling is that predictions can be made also for new environments where trials have not been conducted. A published dataset is employed to illustrate the proposed methods.
Impact of Sars-Cov-2 on access to healthcare by person with disabilities
Authors: Nkosi Nkosi Botha , Fortune Selase Atsu , Edward Wilson Ansah , Cynthia Esinam Segbedzi , Sarah Annim 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Sars-Cov-2 pandemic has ravaged societies at their very core and deepened pre-existing inequalities. Meanwhile, persons with disabilities (PwDs), the most oppressed group in Ghana that live in poor and deplorable conditions are most like to be negatively impacted by the Sars-Cov-2 crisis. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore how the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic is influencing access to healthcare by PwDs in the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis (STM).MethodsWe collected data from 17 participants, nine from the Ghana Blind Union (GBU), five from Ghana Society for the Physically Challenged (GSPC), and three from the Ghana National Association of the Deaf (GNAD). An interview guide containing 25 items was used to gather data from the participants and we employed Phenomenological Analysis (PA) approach in making sense of the data.ResultPWDs encounter many different barriers like; i) stigma and discrimination, ii) cost and availability of transport, iii) poor attitude of healthcare staff, iv) poor communication, v) hospital environment and equipment, vi) handwashing and sanitizing facilities, vii) unsuitable washrooms, viii) cost of healthcare, ix) registration and renewal of NHIS cards, and x) loss of income as they attempt to seek healthcare during this Covid-19 era in the STM.ConclusionCovid-19 pandemic has widened the disproportionate and inequality gaps against PWDs in the STM when they attempt to seek healthcare. in the face of this, STM may lead Ghana to lag in achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.8, which entreats nations to provide quality healthcare for all persons including PWDs. PWDs need education and empowerment to enable them demand for their rights when accessing healthcare. The findings highlight existing gaps in the implementation of the disability law by healthcare facilities in STM and, re-focus the attention of hospital managers in STM to the healthcare needs of PWDs in STM.
New insights into the role ofCutibacterium acnes-derived extracellular vesicles in inflammatory skin disorders
Authors: Cros Maria Pol , Mir-Pedrol Júlia , Toloza Lorena , Knödlseder Nastassia , Güell Marc , Maruotti Julien , Zouboulis Christos C. , Fernández Maria-José Fábrega 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundCutibacterium acnes(C. acnes) is one of the most prevalent bacteria that form the human skin microbiota and, depending on multifactorial conditions it can help to maintain the skin homeostasis. Actually, different phylotypes ofC. acneshave been associated with different degrees of acne vulgaris development, while others, such as the H1 subtype, have been detected in patients with non-acneic skin. However, due to the physiology of the skin, the skin microbiota neither has direct access to the skin’s sebaceous glands nor to the main immune cells, as they are protected by a sebum layer. Therefore, the inter-kingdom communication relies on secreted factors and bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this context, the purpose of this project was to study the role of EVs secreted by three different phylotypes ofC. acnes(A1 as pathogenic, H1 as beneficial and H2 as commensal).ResultsMain findings showed that the proteomic profile of the cargo embodied in the EVs reflects unique characteristics of the differentC. acnesphylotypes in terms of lifestyle, survival and virulence. Moreover,in vitroskin models showed an extended pro-inflammatory modulation of A1 EVs, while H1 EVs displayed a high sebum-reducing potential.ConclusionsThis study has highlighted the role ofC. acnesEVs as key modulators during skin alterations, specially H1 EVs as an alternative based-natural treatment to fight acne vulgaris symptomatology.
Logging alters tropical forest structure, while conversion to agriculture reduces biodiversity and functioning
Authors: Marsh Charles J. , Turner Edgar C. , Blonder Benjamin Wong , Bongalov Boris , Both Sabine , Cruz Rudi S. , Elias Dafydd M. O. , Hemprich-Bennett David , Jotan Palasiah , Kemp Victoria , Kritzler Ully H. , Milne Sol , Milodowski David T. , Mitchell Simon L. , Pillco Milenka Montoya , Nunes Matheus Henrique , Riutta Terhi , Robinson Samuel J. B. , Slade Eleanor M. , Bernard Henry , Burslem David F. R. P. , Chung Arthur Y. C. , Clare Elizabeth L. , Coomes David A. , Davies Zoe G. , Edwards David P. , Johnson David , Kratina Pavel , Malhi Yadvinder , Majalap Noreen , Nilus Reuben , Ostle Nicholas J. , Rossiter Stephen J. , Struebig Matthew J. , Tobias Joseph A. , Williams Mathew , Ewers Robert M. , Lewis Owen T. , Reynolds Glen , Teh Yit Arn , Hector Andy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe impacts of degradation and deforestation on tropical forests are poorly understood, particularly at landscape scales. We present an extensive ecosystem analysis of the impacts of logging and conversion of tropical forest to oil palm from a large-scale study in Borneo, synthesizing responses from 82 variables categorized into four ecological levels spanning a broad suite of ecosystem properties: 1) structure and environment, 2) species traits, 3) biodiversity, and 4) ecosystem functions. Responses were highly heterogeneous and often complex and non-linear. Variables that were directly impacted by the physical process of timber extraction, such as soil structure, were sensitive to even moderate amounts of logging, whereas measures of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning were generally resilient to logging but more affected by conversion to oil palm plantation.One-Sentence SummaryLogging tropical forest mostly impacts structure while biodiversity and functions are more vulnerable to habitat conversion.
Activation of the P2RX7/IL-18 pathway in immune cells attenuates lung fibrosis
Authors: Janho dit Hreich Serena , Juhel Thierry , Leroy Sylvie , Ghinet Alina , Brau Frederic , Hofman Véronique , Hofman Paul , Vouret-Craviari Valérie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an aggressive interstitial lung disease associated with progressive and irreversible deterioration of respiratory functions that lacks curative therapies. Despite IPF being associated with a dysregulated immune response, current antifibrotics aim only at limiting fibroproliferation. We show here that theP2RX7/IL-18/IFNGaxis is downregulated in IPF patients and that P2RX7 has immunoregulatory functions. Using our positive modulator of P2RX7, we show that activation of the P2RX7/IL-18 axis in immune cells limits lung fibrosis progression in a mouse model by favoring an anti-fibrotic immune environment, with notably an enhanced IL-18-dependent IFN-γ production by lung T cells leading to a decreased production of IL-17 and TGFβ. Overall, we show the ability of the immune system to limit lung fibrosis progression by targeting the immunomodulator P2RX7. Hence, treatment with a small activator of P2RX7 may represent a promising strategy to help patients with lung fibrosis.
Functional mRNA delivery to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cellsin vivo
Authors: Alvarez David , Masse-Ranson Guillemette , Sedimbi Saikiran K. , Wisti Phylicia , Rodriguez Lisa , Santana Jordan , Manning Taylor , Towner Tim , Geilich Ben , Mihai Cosmin , Mishra Ankita , Gurumurthy Sushma , Frederick Josh , von Andrian Ulrich H. , Hoggatt Jonathan , Moore Melissa J. , Mora J. Rodrigo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGene correction of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) is a promising therapeutic approach for multiple disorders. Current methods, however, require HSC collection from patients, gene correction duringex vivoculture, and re-infusion of corrected HSC into patients conditioned with chemotherapeutic agents. These approaches are complex, and the conditioning creates toxicities. We show that a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) can deliver mRNA encoding a reporter or a gene editing protein to HSC, with one injection transfecting ∼25% of mouse HSC, and repeated doses resulting in higher editing efficiencies. We also demonstrate LNP-drivenin vivomRNA delivery to HSC in non-human primates and humanized mice. These results demonstrate a translatable approach to deliver mRNA encoding therapeutic proteins, or gene correcting tools, to HSC that do not require cell culture or toxic conditioning.One-Sentence SummaryLNP can deliver functional mRNA to mouse, non-human primate, and human HSC.