bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is sling immobilization necessary after open Latarjet surgery for anterior shoulder instability? A randomized control trial
Authors: Goetti Patrick , Martinho Tiago , Seurot Antoine , Bothorel Hugo , Lädermann Alexandre 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
There is a current lack of knowledge regarding optimal rehabilitation and duration of sling immobilization after an open Latarjet procedure. A shift towards immediate self-rehabilitation protocols in shoulder surgery is observed to avoid postoperative stiffness and fasten return to sport. Avoiding sling immobilization could further simplify rehabilitation and provide an even faster return to activities of daily living and enhance patient satisfaction.

Methods
This study is a single-center, randomized control trial. Sixty-eight patients will be instructed with the same standardized immediate postoperative self-rehabilitation protocol. Patients will be allocated 1:1 between a sling immobilization group for the first three postoperative weeks and no sling group without postoperative immobilization. The primary endpoint will be functional outcome at 6 months postoperative evaluated by the disease-specific Rowe score. Secondary endpoints will include baseline, 1.5-, 6-, and 12-month single assessment numeric evaluation (SANE) of instability score and visual analog pain scale (VAS). At the 6-month time point, graft bony union and position will be assessed by computed tomography. Motion capture technology will evaluate the baseline and 6-month postoperative range of motion. Finally, time to return to work and sport during the first postoperative year, along with patient satisfaction at one postoperative year, will also be recorded.

Discussion
This study will allow further insights into the optimal rehabilitation protocol after open Latarjet surgery and enhance patient care by helping identify rehabilitation and coracoid graft-related factors influencing functional outcomes, bony union, range of motion, and patient satisfaction.

Trial registration
The protocol was approved by the ethical committee board (CCER 2019–02,469) in April 2020 and by ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04479397) in July 2020.
Multi-residue analysis of certain lanolin nipple care products for trace contaminants
Authors: Bourdillon Katie , McCausland Tom , McCabe Morgan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Topical lanolin is commonly used on nipples to aid breastfeeding success. The raw material undergoes refinement to remove contaminants such as pesticides, which may accumulate from exogenous environmental sources. The level of refinement influences final lanolin purity. For use in nipple creams, a lanolin which complies with a published monograph (either USP or Ph. Eur.) is desirable to ensure a non-toxic product with neutral taste and smell, and low allergenicity.

Methods
The aim of this study was to determine the residual trace pesticide levels and quantify the Free Lanolin Alcohols (FLA) levels in two commercially available lanolin products (HPA LANOLIN (Lansinoh Laboratories Inc.); PURELAN (Medela AG)) and two lanolin ingredients (PHARMALAN PH EU-SO-(RB) and CORONA-8 SO-(RB) (Croda, Goole, UK)) using established validated methods. Test samples were subjected to Gas-Chromatographic and Liquid-Chromatographic analysis to quantify and identify a panel of 178 pesticide residues. FLA levels and the presence of oxidative metabolites were also determined.

Results
The purity of the lanolin ingredients was consistent with expectations based on their level of refinement; lanolin in compliance with the Ph. Eur. monograph demonstrated the highest level of purity. Differences were seen between the lanolin nipple creams tested, in terms of FLA levels and pesticide residue levels. Specifically, the HPA LANOLIN contained an extremely low level of FLA (0.61%), which was fourfold less than in the PURELAN (2.76%). Additionally, the HPA LANOLIN did not contain any detectable pesticide residues. The PURELAN was found to contain a number of pesticide residues, however the detected levels were low and within the permitted limits and so despite their presence, the PURELAN was still compliant with the relevant monographs.

Conclusions
This data reinforces that the purity of monograph compliant Lanolin makes it suitable for use on the nipples of breastfeeding mothers. A higher level of refinement leads to a reduction in pesticide contaminants also reduces FLA levels in the final material, minimizing the risk of allergenicity.
The effect of O-antigen length determinant wzz on the immunogenicity of Salmonella Typhimurium for Escherichia coli O2 O-polysaccharides delivery
Authors: Han Yue , Luo Ping , Zeng Huan , Wang Pu , Xu Jiali , Chen Pengju , Chen Xindan , Chen Yuji , Cao Qiyu , Zhai Ruidong , Xia Jing , Deng Simin , Cheng Anchun , Cheng Changyong , Song Houhui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAttenuatedSalmonellaTyphimurium is a promising antigen delivery system for live vaccines such as polysaccharides. The length of polysaccharides is a well-known key factor in modulating the immune response induced by glycoconjugates. However, the relationship between the length of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigen (OAg) and the immunogenicity ofS. Typhimurium remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the effect of OAg length determined bywzzSTonSalmonellacolonization, cell membrane permeability, antimicrobial activity, and immunogenicity by comparing theS. Typhimurium wild-type ATCC14028 strain to those with various OAg lengths of the ΔwzzSTmutant and ΔwzzST::wzzECO2. The analysis of the OAg length distribution revealed that, except for the very long OAg, the short OAg length of 2–7 repeat units (RUs) was obtained from the ΔwzzSTmutant, the intermediate OAg length of 13–21 RUs was gained from ΔwzzST::wzzECO2, and the long OAg length of over 20 RUs was gained from the wild-type. In addition, we found that the OAg length affectedSalmonellacolonization, cell permeability, and antibiotic resistance. Immunization of mice revealed that shortening the OAg length by alteringwzzSThad an effect on serum bactericidal ability, complement deposition, and humoral immune response.S. Typhimurium mutant strain ΔwzzST::wzzECO2possessed good immunogenicity and was the optimum option for deliveringE. coliO2 O-polysaccharides. Furthermore, the attenuated strain ATCC14028 ΔasdΔcrpΔcyaΔrfbPΔwzzST::wzzECO2-deliveredE. coliO2 OAg gene cluster outperforms the ATCC14028 ΔasdΔcrpΔcyaΔrfbPin terms of IgG eliciting, cytokine expression, and immune protection in chickens. This study sheds light on the role of OAg length inSalmonellacharacteristics, which may have a potential application in optimizing the efficacy of delivered polysaccharide vaccines.
Reduced parenting stress following a prevention program decreases internalizing and externalizing symptoms in the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder
Authors: Resendes Tiffany , Serravalle Lisa , Iacono Vanessa , Ellenbogen Mark A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (OBD) are at risk for developing mental disorders, and the literature suggests that parenting stress may represent an important risk factor linking parental psychopathology to offspring psychopathology. We aimed to investigate whether improvements in parenting stress mediated the relationship between participation in a prevention program and offspring internalizing and externalizing symptoms at follow-up.

Methods
Families having a parent with BD (N = 25) underwent a 12-week prevention program. Assessments were conducted at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Families of parents with no affective disorders (i.e., control families) served as a comparison sample (N = 28). The Reducing Unwanted Stress in the Home (RUSH) program aimed to teach communication, problem-solving, and organization skills to improve the rearing environment. Measures included the Parenting Stress Index—4th Edition, the Behaviour Assessment Scales for Children—2nd Edition, and the UCLA Life Stress Interview.

Results
Families having a parent with BD reported more parenting stress at pre-intervention, and more change across time, than control families. Improvements in parenting stress mediated the relationship between participation in the intervention and reduced offspring internalizing and externalizing symptoms. While families having a parent with BD reported more chronic interpersonal stress at pre-intervention, no intervention effects were found.

Conclusions
The findings demonstrate that a preventative intervention targeting parenting stress in families may serve to prevent the development of mental disorders in at-risk children.
Returning home during the pandemic: a thematic analysis describing experiences of people with substance use disorders released early from New Jersey prisons during COVID-19
Authors: Bono Madeline H. , Treitler Peter , Saloner Brendan , Crystal Stephen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background & aims
The COVID-19 pandemic created intersecting health risks for incarcerated people with a history of substance use disorder (SUD). To reduce exposure to COVID-19 in prison, several US states enacted decarceration legislation. New Jersey enacted the Public Health Emergency Credit Act (PHECA), granting early release to thousands of incarcerated persons meeting eligibility criteria. This study undertook to explore how large scale decarceration during the pandemic impacted the reentry process for released individuals with SUDs.

Methods
Twenty seven participants involved in PHECA releases – 21 persons released from NJ carceral facilities with past/present SUDs (14 with opioid use disorder, 7 with other SUDs) and 6 reentry service providers acting as key informants – completed phone interviews on PHECA experiences from February–June 2021. Cross-case thematic analysis of transcripts identified common themes and divergent perspectives.

Results
Respondents described challenges consistent with long-documented reentry difficulties including housing and food insecurity, difficulty accessing community services, insufficient employment opportunities, and limited access to transportation. Challenges that were pertinent to mass release during a pandemic included limited access to communication technology and community providers and community providers exceeding enrollment capacity. Despite reentry difficulties, respondents identified many areas where prisons and reentry service providers adapted to meet novel challenges presented by mass decarceration during the COVID-19 pandemic. Facilitators made available by prison and reentry provider staff included providing released persons with cell phones, transportation assistance at transit hubs, prescription support for medications for opioid use disorder, and pre-release assistance with ID and benefits through NJ’s Joint Comprehensive Assessment Plan.

Conclusions
Formerly incarcerated people with SUDs experienced reentry challenges during PHECA releases similar to those that occur during ordinary circumstances. Despite barriers faced during typical releases and novel challenges unique to mass release during a pandemic, providers made adaptations to support released persons' successful reentry. Recommendations are made based on areas of need identified in interviews, including reentry service provision facilitating housing and food security, employment, medical services, technology fluency, and transportation. In anticipation of future large scale releases, providers will benefit from planning ahead and adapting to address temporary increases in resource demands.
Ionizable drug delivery systems for efficient and selective gene therapy
Authors: Zhang Yu-Qi , Guo Ran-Ran , Chen Yong-Hu , Li Tian-Cheng , Du Wen-Zhen , Xiang Rong-Wu , Guan Ji-Bin , Li Yu-Peng , Huang Yuan-Yu , Yu Zhi-Qiang , Cai Yin , Zhang Peng , Ling Gui-Xia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGene therapy has shown great potential to treat various diseases by repairing the abnormal gene function. However, a great challenge in bringing the nucleic acid formulations to the market is the safe and effective delivery to the specific tissues and cells. To be excited, the development of ionizable drug delivery systems (IDDSs) has promoted a great breakthrough as evidenced by the approval of the BNT162b2 vaccine for prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 2021. Compared with conventional cationic gene vectors, IDDSs can decrease the toxicity of carriers to cell membranes, and increase cellular uptake and endosomal escape of nucleic acids by their unique pH-responsive structures. Despite the progress, there remain necessary requirements for designing more efficient IDDSs for precise gene therapy. Herein, we systematically classify the IDDSs and summarize the characteristics and advantages of IDDSs in order to explore the underlying design mechanisms. The delivery mechanisms and therapeutic applications of IDDSs are comprehensively reviewed for the delivery of pDNA and four kinds of RNA. In particular, organ selecting considerations and high-throughput screening are highlighted to explore efficiently multifunctional ionizable nanomaterials with superior gene delivery capacity. We anticipate providing references for researchers to rationally design more efficient and accurate targeted gene delivery systems in the future, and indicate ideas for developing next generation gene vectors.
Assessing the macroeconomic and social impacts of slow steaming in shipping: a literature review on small island developing states and least developed countries
Authors: Vakili Seyedvahid , Ballini Fabio , Schönborn Alessandro , Christodoulou Anastasia , Dalaklis Dimitrios , Ölçer Aykut I. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe International Maritime Organisation (IMO) has adopted the Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) and the Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) as short term measures for decarbonisation of the shipping industry; the IMO also made the collection of relevant data and associated reporting of the indicator mandatory from January 2023. However, many existing ships do not meet the EEXI and CII “targets” and cannot invest in other technologies to meet the relevant requirements. Given the various barriers to energy efficiency, the application of slow steaming may be a measure to effectively meet EEXI and CII requirements. A qualitative systematic literature review was conducted on the potential macroeconomic and social impacts of slow steaming on states, with a special focus on Small Island Development States and Least Developed Countries, when used as the primary modality of reducing GHG emissions from shipping. This effort includes peer-reviewed studies and studies from the gray literature, many of which include examples that borrow data from the aftermath of the economic crisis that was manifested in 2008. The vast majority of those studies is focused on the economic cost-effectiveness or impact on transportation costs when using slow-steaming as a means of reducing marine fuel consumption. Moreover, a number of these studies were relying on modeling techniques, by using a limited number of ships and associated routes to determine the effects of slow-steaming. A reasonable degree of agreement emerged from the literature that a reduction in transportation costs results from a reduction in speed, being attributed primarily to reduced fuel costs, with which it is associated. Other cost-increasing factors, such as vessel operating costs, had a less dominant effect. The literature often pointed out that the cost reduction resulting from the application of slow-steaming was unevenly distributed among maritime stakeholders. Shipping companies were the main beneficiaries of significant cost savings, but these "savings" were not always passed on to shippers.
Cell therapy for Parkinson’s disease with induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Morizane Asuka 
Published: February 2023

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and a prime target of cell therapies. In fact, aborted fetal tissue has been used as donor material for such therapies since the 1980s. These cell therapies, however, suffer from several problems, such as a short supply of donor materials, quality instability of the tissues, and ethical restrictions. The advancement of stem cell technologies has enabled the production of donor cells from pluripotent stem cells with unlimited scale, stable quality, and less ethical problems. Several research groups have established protocols to induce dopamine neural progenitors from pluripotent stem cells in a clinically compatible manner and confirmed efficacy and safety in non-clinical studies. Based on the results from these non-clinical studies, several clinical trials of pluripotent stem cell-based therapies for PD have begun. In the context of immune rejection, there are several modes of stem cell-based therapies: autologous transplantation, allogeneic transplantation without human leukocyte antigen-matching, and allogeneic transplantation with matching. In this mini-review, several practical points of stem cell-based therapies for PD are discussed.
Uterine artery embolisation: fertility, adenomyosis and size – what is the evidence?
Authors: Mailli Leto , Patel Shyamal , Das Raj , Chun Joo Young , Renani Seyed , Das Sourav , Ratnam Lakshmi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Uterine artery embolisation is well established as a treatment for symptomatic fibroids, however, there remain some uncertainties. We have carried out a focused literature review on three particularly challenging aspects – post-procedure fertility, symptomatic adenomyosis and large volume fibroids and uteri, to enable operators to utilise evidence-based guidance in patient selection, consent, and management.

Review
Literature searches were performed of the PubMed/Medline, Google scholar, EMBASE and Cochrane databases.
The outcomes of our analysis of studies which recorded fertility rates in women desiring pregnancy following UAE for symptomatic fibroids found an overall mean pregnancy rate of 39.4%, live birth rate of 69.2% and miscarriage rate of 22%. The major confounding factor was patient age with many studies including women over 40 years who already have lower fertility compared to younger cohorts. Miscarriage rates and pregnancy rates in the studies analysed were comparable to the age matched population.
Treatment of pure adenomyosis and adenomyosis with co-existing uterine fibroids with UAE has been shown to produce symptomatic improvement with better outcomes in those with combined disease. Although the effectiveness is not as high as it is in pure fibroid disease, UAE provides a viable and safe alternative for patients seeking symptom relief and uterine preservation.
Our analysis of studies assessing the outcomes of UAE in patients with large volume uteri and giant fibroids (> 10 cm) demonstrate no significant difference in major complication rates demonstrating that fibroid size should not be a contraindication to UAE.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest uterine artery embolisation can be offered to women desiring pregnancy with fertility and miscarriage rates comparable to that of the age-matched general population. It is also an effective therapeutic option for symptomatic adenomyosis as well as for the treatment of large fibroids > 10 cm in diameter. Caution is advised in those with uterine volumes greater than 1000cm3. It is however clear that the quality of evidence needs to be improved on with an emphasis on well-designed randomised controlled trials addressing all three areas and the consistent use of validated quality of life questionnaires for outcome assessment to enable effective comparison of outcomes in different studies.
Studying ferroptosis and iron metabolism pre- and post-radiotherapy treatment in breast cancer patients
Authors: El-Benhawy Sanaa A. , Abdelrhman Ibrahim G. , Sadek Nadia A. , Fahmy Enayat I. , AboGabal Ahmed A. , Elmasry Hossam , Saleh Sally A. M. , Sakr Ola A. , Elwany Mona Nagy , Rabie Maha Abubakr Feissal 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Radiotherapy (RT) is an important part of the treatment of many tumors. Radiotherapy causes oxidative damage in all cellular compartments, including lipid membrane, on a random basis. Toxic lipid peroxidation accumulation has only lately been linked to a regulated type of cell death known as ferroptosis. Iron is required for ferroptosis sensitization in cells.

Aim of the work
This work aimed to study ferroptosis and iron metabolism before and after RT in BC patients.

Subjects and methods
Eighty participants were included divided into two main groups: group I: 40 BC patients treated with RT. Group II: 40 healthy volunteers’ age and sex matched as control group. Venous blood samples were collected from BC patients (prior to and after RT) and healthy controls. Glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), serum iron levels and % of transferrin saturation were measured by colorimetric technique. Ferritin, ferroportin, and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) levels were assessed by ELISA.

Results
Serum ferroportin, reduced glutathione, and ferritin showed significant decrease after radiotherapy in comparison to before radiotherapy. However, there was significant increase in serum PTGS2, MDA, % of transferrin saturation and iron levels after radiotherapy in comparison to before radiotherapy.

Conclusion
Radiotherapy induced ferroptosis in breast cancer patients as a new cell death mechanism and PTGS2 is a biomarker of ferroptosis. Iron modulation is a useful approach for the treatment of BC especially if combined with targeted therapy and immune-based therapy. Further studies are warranted to be translated into clinical compounds.
Visualizing subtle structural and stratigraphic features on 3D seismic-reflection data: A case study from offshore Libya
Authors: Khalifa Nabil , Back Stefan 
Published: February 2023

Seismic-reflection data contain residual noise after processing, which can cause geologic misinterpretation of noise-sensitive seismic attributes. For detailed subsurface imaging, seismic data conditioning can enhance the visualization of subsurface reflection features down to the limit of seismic resolution. This study on the Gabes-Tripoli Basin of western offshore Libya demonstrates the potential of postprocessing seismic data conditioning using a standard industry 3D-seismic data set. The seismic data exhibit distinct reflection discontinuities and configurations interpreted as folds, reverse faults, and crustal- and gravity-driven normal faults. Other reflection discontinuities are interpreted as imaging the external form and internal architecture of buried carbonate platforms. The seismic-reflection interpretation finds that seismic data conditioning by filtering strongly supports the interpretation of the 3D geometry, type, and trend of distinct subsurface reflection features, particularly if used as input for a structural-attribute generation. Postprocessing seismic conditioning initially improved the signal-to-noise ratio by structure-oriented filtering with edge preservation. Application of this filter configuration emphasized subtle geologic features supporting, e.g., the detection of faults close to the limit of the seismic resolution. At the same time, the filtering resulted in a higher lateral continuity of the individual seismic reflectors, supporting the autotracking of the horizons. Structural attributes generated from the conditioned data such as the variance and curvature imaged more subsurface reflection detail when compared with the structural attributes generated from nonconditioned data. The filter-based workflow proposed can be applied in most seismic interpretation software packages and is recommended to be used as a standard procedure preceding a structure-attribute calculation and structural interpretation of the seismic-reflection data of limited quality.