bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel circuit breaker fault diagnosis method based on dense residual and attention mechanism
Authors: Ye Xinyu , Yan Jing , Wang Yanxin , Yuan Shiyi , Wang Jianhua , Geng Yingsan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn recent years, deep learning‐based fault diagnosis technology for high‐voltage circuit breakers (HVCB) has advanced significantly, but the working environment of HVCBs is complex, resulting in unsatisfactory fault diagnosis results of HVCBs in noisy environment and existing deep learning methods are difficult to solve this problem. This paper proposes a multi‐channel convolutional neural network combines dense residual structure and attention mechanism to achieve high‐precision and high‐robust diagnosis of HVCBs in noisy backgrounds. A dense residual network is introduced into the convolutional neural network to prevent feature loss during network propagation to preserve the difference information between the network layers as much as possible, Simultaneously, a channel attention mechanism is introduced to adaptively adjust the weights of different convolution channels. The model can extract multi‐scale features from the original signal and fully exploit the intrinsic relationship between the vibration signal and the HVCB's operating state. The experimental results show that the diagnostic method can still meet the requirements of fault diagnosis in the presence of noise, with an average diagnostic accuracy rate of 85.92% when the signal‐to‐noise ratio is −4. The model outperforms the traditional single‐channel model in terms of diagnostic accuracy and stability.
Adaptive Gaussian mixture model for identifying outliers in historical route travel times
Authors: Yuan Shaoxin , Zhao Ke , Xu Zhigang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe historical route travel time data contain a few outliers composed of subpopulations signifying unusual traffic conditions. These outliers compose the right tail of the distribution against the central part occupied by most normal travel times dominating usual traffic conditions likely to be composed of subpopulations. The diverse subpopulations of two types of travel times result in the structural random changes of distribution shapes. This creates the problem for fixing the boundary between the two types of travel times. To address the problem, an adaptive Gaussian mixture model was formulated with two types of components, and an algorithm was put forward to determine the critical number of components in an iterative manner by adapting two types of components to provide an adequate fit to the two parts of the distribution respectively. The determined two types of components can not only fix the boundary to identify outliers reasonably, but also quantify the latent subpopulations of two types of route travel times. Thus, the route‐level travel time variability can be measured under usual/unusual traffic conditions. Two kinds of data were used to illustrate the good effects on the identification of outliers and to demonstrate the vital role of outliers in the measure of variation of route travel time.
A two‐dimensional beam steering Fabry–Pérot antenna employing a liquid‐based reconfigurable metasurface
Authors: Chen Wei , Liu Zhiming , Zhou Huilin , Bornemann Jens , Wang Yuhao , Wang Fei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA novel 2‐D beam steering technology using a Fabry–Pérot antenna with a liquid‐based reconfigurable metasurface is presented. The antenna employs a reconfigurable partially reflecting surface to regulate phase distribution and adopts a microstrip antenna as feed to realise 2‐D beam steering. The antenna beam can be tilted in four different directions by injecting liquid metal into the specific area of the microfluidic channels embedded in the metasurface. Moreover, the antenna has a simple and compact structure with a low profile. A prototype is manufactured, and good agreement between simulated and experimental results verifies the correctness of the design. The measured results of the manufactured antenna prototype demonstrate that the main beam tilts to maximum values of ±15° and ±28° in the yoz and xoz planes, respectively, between 9.5 and 9.7 GHz.
Innovative shielding technique for wireless power transfer systems
Authors: Canova Aldo , Corti Fabio , Laudani Antonino , Lozito Gabriele Maria , Quercio Michele 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe High Magnetic Passive Loop (HMCPL) technique is proposed as an innovative passive shielding system to mitigate the undesired dispersion of the magnetic field produced by a wireless power transfer (WPT) system, thus reducing the risk of hazardous human exposure. The magnetic structure is described both in terms of lumped parameters circuit, useful for sizing, and in terms of a geometrical representation solved by finite element method, useful to assess the field attenuation effects. Sizing of the resonance capacitors in the shielded WPT structure is approached as a Pareto optimization problem and solved via genetic algorithm. HMCPL shielding design guidance is provided to reduce the magnetic field emission in the surrounding environment. Furthermore, the influence of the shielding on the performance of the WPT system is also evaluated.
An improved Buck converter with high frequency and high step‐down ratio for auxiliary power supply applications
Authors: Liu Qi , Qian Qinsong , Shi Leilei , Xu Qi , Ding Song , Sun Weifeng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBuck converter is a good candidate for the non‐isolated auxiliary power supply (APS) due to its simple structure and high efficiency. However, it can hardly be adopted in applications that required a very high step‐down ratio due to the difficulty to realize an ultra‐low duty cycle, especially when the switching frequency becomes higher and higher. Here, an improved Buck converter is proposed for high‐frequency and high‐step‐down‐ratio APS application. With the control method based on energy extraction, the proposed topology can achieve an ultra‐low equivalent duty cycle. Thus, a high step‐down ratio can be achieved under a high switching frequency. Moreover, the proposed structure can be applied on several types of the main power stage through the power switch sharing technique. Finally, the prototype with the switching frequency of 1 MHz and the step‐down ratio of 18:1 is verified by the experimental results.
A move blocking based direct voltage model predictive control to enhance the dynamic performance of DC microgrids containing constant power loads
Authors: Tatari Fatemeh Rezayof , Banejad Mahdi , Kalat Ali Akbarzadeh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHere, a move blocking (MB) based direct voltage model predictive control (DVMPC) strategy is introduced to enhance the dynamic performance of a DC microgrid in presence of constant power loads (CPLs). For this aim, an automatic discrete dynamic model is first developed for a boost converter. Considering the CPL effects on the dynamic model of the boost converter, a model predictive control is then designed to directly regulate the output voltage of the converter. Move blocking strategy is finally integrated into DVMPC in order to extend the prediction horizon, and consequently, dealing with the non‐minimum phase characteristic of the boost converter. The dynamic performance of the boost converter with a CPL load in both continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) is evaluated using MB‐based DVMPC and traditional control strategies. The simulation results conducted using MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate that the proposed approach not only enhances the dynamic performance of the DC microgrid, but also reduces the computational burden on the processor. Moreover, experimental results have been performed to validate the proposed strategy. Finally, the stability analysis of the proposed direct voltage control is provided.
Adversarial false data injection attacks on deep learning‐based short‐term wind speed forecasting
Authors: Yang Lei , Liang Gaoshen , Yang Yanrong , Ruan Jiaqi , Yu Peipei , Yang Chao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDeveloping accurate wind speed forecasting methods is indispensable to integrating wind energy into smart grids. However, current state‐of‐the‐art wind speed forecasting methods are almost data‐driven deep learning models, which may incur potential adversarial cyberattacks. To this end, this paper proposes an adversarial false data injection attack tactic to investigate such a cyber threat. First, targeting the deep learning‐based short‐term wind speed forecasting model, an optimization model is constructed to obtain the optimally false data that should be injected into the forecasting model input so as to expand the prediction deviation as much as possible. Then, as the optimization model is non‐differentiable, a particle swarm optimization‐based method is developed to solve the optimization problem, in which the near‐optimal solution is able to be explored, directing the false data that should be injected. At last, numerical studies of the proposed attack tactic are conducted on different‐hour ahead wind speed forecasting models, revealing the feasibility and effectiveness.
Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Depression and Anxiety in Elective Knee Surgery Patients
Authors: Kaveeshwar Samir , Schneider Matheus B. , Kung Justin E. , Zhang Tina , Li Samuel Q. , Leong Natalie L. , Packer Jonathan D. , Meredith Sean J. , Henn III R Frank 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMental health has been shown to play an important role in patient-reported outcomes (PRO); however, there is a general lack of literature describing patient-reported outcome measurement information system (PROMIS) depression and anxiety computer adaptive tests in elective knee surgery patients. The purpose of our study was to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms before and after elective knee surgery and to determine whether these symptoms influence postoperative functional outcomes. An institutional review board-approved prospective orthopaedic registry was retrospectively queried for patients undergoing elective knee surgery from June 2015 to November 2018. Electronic surveys collecting patient demographic information and PROs were administered pre- and postoperatively. Of the 663 patients that completed baseline questionnaires, 466 completed 2-year follow-up (70.3%). PROs included PROMIS depression, PROMIS anxiety, International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC), and PROMIS physical function (PF). Wilcoxon rank sum and Spearman's rank order correlation were utilized to determine associations between variables. Multivariable analysis was used to control for confounding variables. Average PROMIS depression and anxiety scores significantly improved 2 years after surgery. PROMIS depression and anxiety scores significantly correlated with each other. PROMIS depression and anxiety scores significantly correlated with PROMIS PF and IKDC scores. After controlling for confounders on multivariable analysis, worse 2-year PROMIS anxiety was predictive of less functional improvement and worse 2-year PF and IKDC, while worse 2-year PROMIS depression was predictive of less improvement in IKDC. This study confirms the important relationship between mental health and functional outcomes. Given that psychiatric comorbidities are potentially modifiable with treatment, proper recognition could potentially lead to better orthopaedic outcomes. In addition, the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms postoperatively, as documented by PROMIS computer adaptive tests, may act as a barrier to achieving optimal functional outcomes after elective knee surgery.
Level of Evidence Level III
Incidence, Common Pathogens, and Risk Factors for Infection after Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Schneider Justine G. , Ormseth Benjamin , DiBartola Alex C. , Magnussen Robert A. , Duerr Robert A. , Stoodley Paul , Flanigan David C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe sought to assess the current literature to present a comprehensive summary of the incidence, common pathogens, and risk factors for infection after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Scopus databases were searched for relevant studies reporting on infection after ACL reconstruction. Two reviewers independently screened the extracted studies for adherence to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies were selected if they reported on the incidence of infection, pathogens cultured from infected knees, or risk factors for infection after primary ACL reconstruction. Exclusion criteria consisted of studies with fewer than 100 patients or studies that included revision ACL reconstruction. Fifty studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, reporting on a total of 316,214 ACL reconstructions. Included studies evaluated between 123 and 104,255 patients. The overall incidence of infection was 0.60% (0.15–2.44%). The most common pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and coagulase-negative Staphylococci. Five studies reported that the use of hamstring autograft was a statistically significant risk factor for infection after ACL reconstruction, thus making hamstring autograft the most commonly reported risk factor. Other reported risk factors included male sex, use of immuno-suppressive medications or intraarticular steroid injections, prior knee surgery, and diabetes. Systematic review of the literature revealed that infection after ACL reconstruction remains an infrequent event with an incidence of 0.60% (0.15–2.44%). Furthermore, the most common pathogens are from the Staphylococcus genus of bacteria, comprising 84% of all culture-positive infections. Multiple risk factors have been reported for ACL reconstruction; however, statistical significance varied across studies. Together, these findings may help guide physicians in the prevention and treatment of infection after ACL reconstruction.
Restoring Tibial Slope and Sagittal Alignment of the Femoral Component in Unrestricted Kinematically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Conventional versus Patient-Specific Instrumentation
Authors: Sadoghi Patrick , Draschl Alexander , Leitner Lukas , Fischerauer Stefan , Koutp Amir , Clar Clemens , Leithner Andreas , Klasan Antonio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRestoring sagittal alignment in kinematically aligned (KA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is crucial to avoid patellofemoral joint instability or overstuffing and to restore an adequate range of motion. This prospective study compared the accuracy of conventional instrumentation (CI) versus patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) in restoring sagittal alignment of KA TKA measured by the tibial slope and degree of flexion of the femoral component to the sagittal femoral axis. One hundred patients were randomized to receive either CI (n = 50) or PSI (n = 50) for KA TKA. Two observers measured pre- and postoperative X-rays to assess restoration of the tibial slope and sagittal flexion. Inter- and intraclass correlations were calculated, and postoperative tibial and femoral components were compared with preoperative anatomy. In 50 CI patients, 86% (n = 43) had the tibial slope restored exactly, and no deviation more than 1 degree was found. Deviations of 0 to 1 degree were detected in 14% (n = 7). In 50 patients of the PSI group, 56% (n = 28) achieved an exact anatomic tibial slope restoration and 20% (n = 10) showed a deviation more than 2 degrees compared with the preoperative measurement. Deviations ranging between 0 to 1 and 1 to 2 degrees were found in 22% (n = 11) and 2% (n = 1) of cases, respectively. Sagittal alignment of the femoral component showed in both groups no deviation exceeding 1 degree. The restoration of sagittal alignment in KA TKA was statistically significantly differently distributed between CI and PSI (p = < 0.001) without clinical relevance. We found that PSI increased the odds for deviations >2 degrees in tibial slope reconstructions from 0 to 0.20 ([95% confidence interval: 0.09–0.31]; p = 0.001). Both CI and PSI revealed adequate results with respect to restoring sagittal alignment of the tibial and femoral components in KA TKA. The conventional technique requires adequate adjustment of the intramedullary rod to avoid hyperflexion of the femoral component and attention must be paid when restoring the tibial slope using PSI. This is a prospective Level II study.
Still lacking self-reflection after all these years? (De)stabilizing factors of transatlantic relations according to German and US foreign policy experts between 2011 and 2017
Authors: Franke Ulrich , Kurthen Hermann 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article compares the trends and theoretical positions found in the recent academic literature on the status and trajectory of transatlantic relations with the beliefs of 96 German and US foreign policy experts. The qualitative data are derived from open-ended in-depth interviews about the political, economic, and cultural factors that influence transatlantic cooperation and friction. Conducted in Berlin in 2011 and in Washington, D.C., in 2017, the interviews correspond with optimist and pessimist perceptions found in the academic literature and align roughly with realist, respectively, liberal/institutionalist and constructivist theoretical positions in International Relations theory and left/right political leanings. The study concludes with suggestions about the prospects for transatlantic relations, and the methodological benefits of comparing beliefs of foreign policy actors with theoretical paradigms and trends in the academic literature.
CMOS-compatible self-quenched active recovery (SQUARE) single-photon detector
Authors: Schuster B. , Peng H. , Arya S. , Jiang Y. , Miah M. A. R. , Zhou J. , Davis A. , Lo Y.-H. 
Published: September 2023

Current CMOS single-photon detectors operating in Geiger mode use passive quenching, yielding slow recovery due to the RC delay. Active quenching of CMOS photon detectors operating in the Geiger mode requires external quenching circuitry that occupies a large area, reducing the fill factor and spatial resolution. Here, we demonstrate a self-quenched active recovery (SQUARE) single-photon detector having its recovery accelerated by a secondary carrier multiplication process. The device consists of two gain regions, one giving rise to the photon response and the other quenching the device and amplifying the residual current for a speedy self-recovery. The first gain region is a crystalline silicon p/n junction fabricated through a commercial CMOS process, and the second gain region is a carbon-doped amorphous silicon layer deposited on the top metal layer of a completed CMOS wafer. The SQUARE single-photon detector shows a Geiger-mode gain greater than 100 000 and achieved &lt;30 ns self-recovery time, much faster than self-quenched and passively quenched single-photon avalanche photodiodes reported to date.
Observational constrained
gravity cosmological model and the dynamical system analysis
Authors: Lohakare Santosh V , Rathore Krishna , Mishra B 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we have analyzed the geometrical and dynamical parameters of

cosmological model, (R,

being the Ricci scalar and Gauss–Bonnet invariant respectively), constraining the parameters through the cosmological data sets. It is exhibited that the model admits a viable radiation era, and early deceleration followed by late-time acceleration in the matter-dominated era. From the phase-space, portrait stability criterion has been analyzed, restricting the parameter β, different from

β
=
−
1

. Additionally, we have explored the stability of the model from the behavior of critical points and obtained the present value of the density parameter for matter-dominated and dark energy components, which are identical to those obtained through cosmological data sets.
The top quark chromomagnetic dipole moment in the SM from the 4-body vertex function
Authors: Montaño-Domínguez J , Ramírez-Zavaleta F , Tututi E S , Urquiza-Trejo E 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A new proposal to compute the anomalous chromomagnetic dipole moment of the top quark,

μ

ˆ

t

, in the Standard Model is presented. On the basis of the five-dimensional effective Lagrangian operator that characterizes the quantum-loop induced chromodipolar vertices

gt

t

¯

and

ggt

t

¯

, the

μ

ˆ

t

anomaly is derived via radiative correction at the 1-loop level from the non-Abelian 4-body vertex function

ggt

t

¯

. We evaluate

μ

ˆ

t

(
s
)

as a function of the energy scale s = ±E
2, for E = [10, 1000] GeV, taking into account the running of the quark masses and alpha strong through the

MS

¯

scheme. In particular, we find that at the typical energy scale E = m

Z
for high-energy physics, similarly to

α

s

(

m

Z

2

)

,

α
(

m

Z

2

)

and

s

W

(

m

Z

2

)

, the spacelike evaluation yields

μ

ˆ

t

(
−

m

Z

2

)

= −0.025 + 0.00384i and the timelike

μ

ˆ

t

(

m

Z

2

)

= −0.0318 − 0.0106i. This Re

μ

ˆ

t

(
−

m

Z

2

)

= −0.025 from

ggt

t

¯

is even closer to the experimental central value

μ

ˆ

t

Exp

=

−0.024, than that coming from the known 3-body vertex function

gt

t

¯

, −0.0224. Once again, the Im

μ

ˆ

t

(
−

m

Z

2

)

part is due to the contribution of virtual charged currents, just like in the

gt

t

¯

case. We can infer that the spacelike prediction is the favored one.
Effect of crosslinking fraction, hardener functionality and topological quality on stress recovery of thermoset shape memory polymers: a coarse-grained molecular dynamics study
Authors: Nourian Pouria , Wick Collin D , Peters Andrew J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We analyzed the effects of crosslinking fraction and number of functional sites per hardener molecule on the stress recovery and topology of thermoset shape memory polymers (TSMPs) via coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. After systematically varying the quality of the crosslinked network by manipulating the number of unique epoxies reacted with each hardener, we found that two fingerprints correlate well with stress recovery of TSMPs. These fingerprints are the fraction of epoxy molecules connected to two distinct hardener molecules, and the fraction of molecules that are part of the largest or main network in the system. Their product can be used as a topological score (

S

topo

) to quantify the topological feature of the network. When analyzing stress recovery as a function of

S

topo

, we found a strong correlation between

S

topo

and recovery stress. Moreover, we observed that while a higher crosslinking fraction did frequently lead to a higher stress recovery, many exceptions existed. High functionality hardeners tend to exhibit higher stress recovery at similar

S

topo

, especially at high (>0.65)

S

topo

. These results suggest that increasing the number of functional sites per hardener molecule combined with improving the topology of the network with a method such as semi batch monomer addition can lead to an improvement in the stress recovery of TSMPs.