bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Clinical Impact of Flash Glucose Monitoring—a Digital Health App and Smartwatch Technology in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Scoping Review
Authors: Diez Alvarez Sergio , Fellas Antoni , Santos Derek , Sculley Dean , Wynne Katie , Acharya Shamasunder , Navathe Pooshan , Girones Xavier , Coda Andrea 
Published: January 2023

Background
Type 2 diabetes has a growing prevalence and confers significant cost burden to the health care system, raising the urgent need for cost-effective and easily accessible solutions. The management of type 2 diabetes requires significant commitment from the patient, caregivers, and the treating team to optimize clinical outcomes and prevent complications. Technology and its implications for the management of type 2 diabetes is a nascent area of research. The impact of some of the more recent technological innovations in this space, such as continuous glucose monitoring, flash glucose monitoring, web-based applications, as well as smartphone- and smart watch–based interactive apps has received limited attention in the research literature.

Objective
This scoping review aims to explore the literature available on type 2 diabetes, flash glucose monitoring, and digital health technology to improve diabetic clinical outcomes and inform future research in this area.

Methods
A scoping review was undertaken by searching Ovid MEDLINE and CINAHL databases. A second search using all identified keywords and index terms was performed on Ovid MEDLINE (January 1966 to July 2021), EMBASE (January 1980 to July 2021), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; the Cochrane Library, latest issue), CINAHL (from 1982), IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Libraries, and Web of Science databases.

Results
There were very few studies that have explored the use of mobile health and flash glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes. These studies have explored somewhat disparate and limited areas of research, and there is a distinct lack of methodological rigor in this area of research. The 3 studies that met the inclusion criteria have addressed aspects of the proposed research question.

Conclusions
This scoping review has highlighted the lack of research in this area, raising the opportunity for further research in this area, focusing on the clinical impact and feasibility of the use of multiple technologies, including flash glucose monitoring in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes.
A Review on the Some Biological Activities of the Hydantoin Derivatives
Authors: Wadghane Somnath , Bhor Rohit , Shinde Ganesh , Kolhe Mahesh , Rathod Pooja 
Published: January 2023

Hydantoin derivatives are commonly used anticonvulsants. In general, they are effective for partial-onset seizures and tonic-clonic seizures, but not for absence seizures. Phenytoin is the most important drug in this group, and other drugs, ethotoin, and mephenytoin, are also commonly used to treat epilepsy. Prodrugs such as derivatives have been created. Phenytoin is effective in some cases of trigeminal neuralgia and related neuralgia. Phenytoin is also used to treat arrhythmias. Hydantoins or glycolylureas are heterocyclic organic compounds with the formula CH2C(O)NHC(O)NH. It is a colorless solid formed by the reaction of glycolic acid and urea. It is an oxidized derivative of imidazolidine. In a more general sense, hydantoins can refer to groups and classes of compounds that share the same ring structure as their parent. For example, phenytoin (see below) has two phenyl groups substituted at the 5th carbon of the hydantoin molecule. Actual chemotherapy for epilepsy dates back to the 1850s when "inorganic bromides" were introduced. However, it is worth noting that around the 1920s, the therapeutic and beneficial use of 'phenobarbital' usheredin an era of meaningful treatment of epilepsy. Hydantoin ring chemistry is the synthesis of rings by various methods and their applications in the medical field. Previous descriptions of hydantoin-containing compounds have broad pharmacological and biological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-immune, antimetabolite, antioxidant, antibacterial, CNS-related, anticonvulsant, antitussive, and cytoprotective activities.
Keywords: Hydantoin derivatives, anticonvulsants, partial-onset seizures and tonic-clonic seizures
A Delphi Technique Analysis of Drivers of Outsourcing Decisions Among Multi-Tenanted Shopping Mall Owners in Ghana
Authors: Tannor Oliver , Alhassan Tahiru , Ahiadu Albert Agbeko 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to assess the drivers of outsourcing decisions of multi-tenanted shopping mall owners for facilities management in Ghana.
The study was conducted using nine owners of multi-tenanted shopping malls in Ghana with a history and experience in outsourcing retail properties to third party facility management firms (n = 9) and facilities managers who are experts in providing outsourced services (n = 5). Using the Delphi technique, five surveys were conducted (Delphi polls) using questionnaires that were sent out to the participants via an online survey tool (Survey Heart). The surveys sought to build a consensus from the respondents on the factors that drive their decision to outsource FM in their properties and they were conducted over a period of 9 months.
The results showed that the outsourcing decisions of multi-tenanted shopping mall owners in Ghana is driven by the strategic advantages, cost-saving benefits and the service quality-related benefits that outsourcing gives them. Among these broad factors, the ability to focus on core competencies for competitive advantage, and avoid the fixed cost associated with paying the salaries and other entitlements of in-house staff were the main reasons for their decisions to outsource. The results also showed that the owners are of the view that third-party services providers deliver quality FM services than in-house teams.
The study shows the factors that drive the decision of multi-tenanted shopping malls in Ghana to outsource FM services in their buildings. The findings of the study will be useful to prospective investors into retail properties in Ghana as well as facilities management service providers and further research into facilities management.
Comparative Incidence of Diabetes Following Hospital Admission for COVID-19 and Pneumonia: A Cohort Study
Authors: Holman Naomi , Barron Emma , Young Bob , Gregg Edward W. , Khunti Kamlesh , Valabhji Jonathan , Sattar Naveed 
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE
The incidence of diabetes may be elevated following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but it is unclear whether this is specific to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, associated with shared risk factors for severe COVID-19 and diabetes, and/or a generic risk following illness.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
People admitted to the hospital for COVID-19 and/or pneumonia between 1 April 2020 and 31 August 2020 in England were linked with the National Diabetes Audit to identify incident diabetes after discharge up to 31 March 2021. Comparator cohorts admitted with pneumonia over the same dates in 2017, 2018, and 2019 were followed until 31 March 2018, 31 March 2019, and 31 March 2020, respectively. Poisson regression models were used to calculate adjusted diabetes incidence rates.

RESULTS
Using the cohort of people discharged from the hospital following a diagnosis of COVID-19 without pneumonia in 2020 as the standard population (incidence rate 16.4 [95% CI 12.8–20.7] per 1,000 person-years), adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, and deprivation, gave incidence rates of 19.0 (95% CI 13.8–25.6) and 16.6 (95% CI 13.3–20.4) per 1,000 person-years for those admitted for COVID-19 with pneumonia and pneumonia without COVID-19, respectively, in 2020. These rates are not significantly different from those found after hospital admission for pneumonia in 2019, 2018, and 2017, at 13.7 (95% CI 10.8–17.3), 13.8 (95% CI 10.9–17.4), and 14.2 (95% CI 10.9–18.3) per 1,000 person-years, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Our data do not support a clear impact of COVID-19 on the incidence of diabetes compared with risks in several comparator groups, including contemporaneously assessed risks in people hospitalized with pneumonia.
The Impact of Different Surface Treatments on Topography and Bond Strength of Resin Cement to Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic
Authors: Noronha Filho JD , Delforge GE , Xing Y , da Cruz Silva Trugilho Duarte M , Medeiros IS , Rabello TB , Poskus LT , da Silva EM 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of different surface treatments on topography, surface roughness, surface energy, and microtensile bond strength stability of resin cement to lithium disilicate glass ceramic.Methods and MaterialsSeventy disc-shaped specimens of IPS e.max Press were divided into seven groups according to the surface treatment: NT – non-treated (control); FSil − hydrofluoric acid (HF) + silane; FPSil − HF + phosphoric acid (HP) + silane; FUSil − HF + ultrasonic bath (U) + silane; FPUSil − HF + HP + U + silane; MEP − Monobond Etch and Prime (MEP); and MEPH − MEP + heating. Topography and surface roughness were evaluated using a 3D laser confocal microscope (3DLCM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface energy with a goniometer. The microtensile bond strength (μTBS) was evaluated after storage in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours and after thermocycling (5,000 cycles, 5°–55° C, 30-second dwell time). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (surface roughness and surface energy), two-way ANOVA (μTBS), Tukey′s HSD post-hoc test, and Student t-test (α=0.05).ResultsFUSil, FPSil, and FSil presented similar and highest surface roughness, whereas NT, FPUSil, MEP, and MEPH showed similar, and lowest, roughness values (p&lt;0.05). FPUSil, FPSil, FUSil, and FSil presented a similar and highest surface energy. NT, MEP, and MEPH showed similar and lowest surface energy.ConclusionOnly FSil, FPSil, and MEPH maintained bond strength stability after thermocycling, with FPSil leading to less bond strength reduction, suggesting this protocol is more reliable for bonding resin cements to lithium disilicate glass ceramics.
Twenty-month Performance of a Universal Bonding System on Simulated-challenged Dentin Substrates Pretreated with Chlorhexidine
Authors: Jacomine JC , Giacomini MC , Agulhari MAS , Honório HM , Wang L 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYObjectivesSince the use of dentin antiproteolytic agents with universal adhesives (UAs) can potentially degrade the bonding interface, this study evaluated bond strengths with and without chlorhexidine (CHX) on variously altered dentin surfaces for up to 20 months.MethodsHuman molar specimens (n=20) were categorized by substrates as S=sound, E=eroded, and C=carious, and by pretreatment as W=water or CHX. These specimens were subjected to micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) testing at 24 hours, 6 months, and 20 months, after 30 seconds of pretreatment with CHX or W, followed by self-etching and bonding (Adper Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE). Modes of failure were assessed using optical microscopy (40×) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the results were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA and Tukey’s statistical tests (α=0.05).ResultsSubstrate (p&lt;0.001), pre-treatment (p=0.0413), and time (p&lt;0.0001) were statistically significant. The sound-dentin group in initial time (W=39.27/CHX=40.55) yielded the higher μTBS values (MPa) in comparison with altered substrates pre-treated with CHX (E-CHX=19.84; C-CHX=18.24) after 20 months, which showed the lowest values. Under SEM analysis, heterogeneous patterns appeared in the hybrid layer of the CHX-treated group, particularly in the altered substrates.ConclusionsBond strength to dentin decreased over a period of 20 months using UA with 10-methacryloyloxydecyl-dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) in self-etching mode. Substrates altered by erosion or caries have impaired adhesion and associated clinical use of UA with MDP and CHX should be avoided.
Enamel and Dentin Etching with Glycolic, Ferulic, and Phosphoric Acids: Demineralization Pattern, Surface Microhardness, and Bond Strength Stability
Authors: Darzé FM , Bridi EC , França FMG , Amaral FLB do , Turssi CP , Basting RT 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYThis study evaluated the etching pattern, surface microhardness, and bond strength for enamel and dentin submitted to treatment with phosphoric, glycolic, and ferulic acids. Enamel and dentin blocks were treated with phosphoric, glycolic, and ferulic acid to evaluate the surface and adhesive interface by scanning electron microscopy (2000×). Surface microhardness (Knoop) was evaluated before and after etching, and microtensile bond strength was evaluated after application of a two-step adhesive system (Adper Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE) at 24 hours and 12 months storage time points. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test showed a decrease in the microhardness values for both substrates after application of each acid (p&lt;0.0001). The reduction percentage was significantly higher for enamel treated with phosphoric acid (59.9%) and glycolic acid (65.1%) than for ferulic acid (16.5%) (p&lt;0.0001), and higher for dentin that received phosphoric acid (38.3%) versus glycolic acid (27.8%) and ferulic acid (21.9%) (p&lt;0.0001). Phosphoric and glycolic acids led to homogeneous enamel demineralization, and promoted the opening of dentinal tubules, whereas ferulic acid led to enamel surface demineralization and partially removed the smear layer. The adhesive-enamel interface showed micromechanical embedding of the adhesive in the interprismatic spaces when phosphoric and glycolic acids were applied. Ferulic acid showed no tag formation. Microtensile bond strength at both time points, and for both substrates, was lower with ferulic acid (p=0.0003/E; p=0.0011/D; Kruskal Wallis and Dunn). The bond strength for enamel and dentin decreased when using phosphoric and glycolic acids at the 12-month time evaluation (p&lt;0.05). Glycolic acid showed an etching pattern and microhardness similar to that of phosphoric acid. Ferulic acid was not effective in etching the enamel or dentin, and it did not provide satisfactory bond strength to dental substrates.
PENGGUNAAN KOMBINASI INDIKATOR SMA, EMA, MACD, RSI, DAN MFI UNTUK MENENTUKAN KEPUTUSAN BELI DAN JUAL PADA SAHAM-SAHAM DI SEKTOR LQ45 BEI TAHUN 2018
Authors: Santoso Agustinus Adi , Sukamulja Sukmawati 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThis research was conducted to determine the selection of the highest performing stock group indicators, so that it can be used as a reference for buying shares. This study tested six combinations of technical indicator groups, then this technical combination was used to test the price of shares whose companies are included in the LQ45 group on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2018. The results of this study indicate that the use of stock indicator groups with the maximum profit percentage and the shortest number of days is the best groups. The sequence of indicator groups with good performance to poor performance is 1: EMA, MFI, and RSI; 2: MA, MFI, and RSI; 3: MA, MACD, and MFI; 4: MA, MACD, and RSI; 5: EMA, MACD, and MFI; 6: EMA, MACD, and RSI. Keywords: Indonesia Stock Exchange; LQ45; stock trading; technical indicatorsABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pemilihan kelompok indikator saham yang paling tinggi kinerjanya, sehingga dapat dijadikan acuan untuk pembelian saham. Pada penelitian ini diuji enam kombinasi dari kelompok indikator teknikal, selanjutnya kombinasi teknikal ini digunakan untuk menguji harga saham yang perusahaannya termasuk dalam kelompok LQ45 di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) tahun 2018. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan penggunaan kelompok indikator saham dengan persentase keuntungan maksimal dan jumlah hari yang paling pendek adalah yang paling baik. Urutan kelompok indikator dengan kinerja yang bagus ke kinerja yang kurang bagus adalah: Peringkat 1: EMA, MFI, dan RSI; Peringkat 2: MA, MFI, dan RSI; Peringkat 3: MA, MACD, dan MFI; Peringkat 4: MA, MACD dan RSI; Peringkat 5: EMA, MACD, dan MFI; Peringkat 6: EMA, MACD, dan RSI. Kata kunci: Bursa Efek Indonesia; LQ45; jual beli saham; indikator teknikal
Serum biochemical changes in cats with naturally acquired feline cytauxzoonosis
Authors: Kastl Brandy C. , Springer Nora L. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
The geographical distribution of feline cytauxzoonosis is expanding in the US. Clinical signs of feline cytauxzoonosis, including lethargy, anorexia, and icterus, are similar to hepatic lipidosis and cholangiohepatitis. Hematologic and serum biochemical abnormality patterns may assist practitioners in prioritizing feline cytauxzoonosis as a differential diagnosis over hepatic lipidosis and cholangiohepatitis.

SAMPLE
Hematology and serum biochemical profiles of cats with naturally acquired feline cytauxzoonosis, hepatic lipidosis, or cholangiohepatitis.

PROCEDURES
Retrospective search and analysis of the Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory or Kansas State University Veterinary Health Center records between January 2007 and June 2018 for cats with cytauxzoonosis, hepatic lipidosis, or cholangiohepatitis.

RESULTS
Patients with acute feline cytauxzoonosis presented with frequent nonregenerative anemia (20/28 [71%]), leukopenia (23/28 [82%]), thrombocytopenia (23/23 [100%]), hyperbilirubinemia (27/28 [97%]), hypoalbuminemia (26/28 [93%]), reduced (18/28 [64%]) or low normal (10/28 [36%]) serum ALP activity, and hyponatremia (23/28 [82%]). Reduced ALP activity was unique to cats with feline cytauxzoonosis relative to hepatic lipidosis and cholangiohepatitis. No correlation between the severity of anemia and the magnitude of hyperbilirubinemia was identified in feline cytauxzoonosis patients.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The combination of nonregenerative anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hyperbilirubinemia, and reduced serum ALP activity in icteric cats may increase the clinical suspicion, but is not pathognomonic, for acute feline cytauxzoonosis. Hematologic and serum biochemical abnormalities of naturally acquired feline cytauxzoonosis are like those reported with feline bacterial sepsis. Blood smear evaluation for intraerythrocytic Cytauxzoon felis piroplasms, tissue aspirates for schizont-laden macrophages, and/or molecular testing are required to diagnose feline cytauxzoonosis.
The volume of extruded materials is correlated with neurologic severity in small-breed dogs with type I thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation
Authors: Sakaguchi Yusuke , Nishida Hidetaka , Tanaka Hiroshi , Kitamura Masahiko , Akiyoshi Hideo , Nakayama Masanari 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To assess whether the volume of extruded materials is correlated with neurologic severity in dogs with type I thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation (TL-IVDH).

ANIMALS
70 client-owned small-breed dogs with type I TL-IVDH diagnosed between July 1, 2016, and June 30, 2018.

PROCEDURES
For this retrospective cohort study, the medical records of 70 dogs with surgically confirmed type I TL-IVDH were reviewed. The volume and height of the intervertebral disk and the area of the maximal transverse compressed spinal cord were measured using CT myelographic images. For each dog, the volume of the disk immediately cranial to the herniated disk was an internal control. Dogs were grouped on the basis of grade of neurologic severity.

RESULTS
Preoperative grades of neurologic severity were grade 2 in 7 (10%) dogs, grade 3 in 16 (23%) dogs, grade 4 in 28 (40%) dogs, and grade 5 in 19 (27%) dogs. The total volume of the affected intervertebral disks was significantly larger than the internal control. Weak positive correlation was found between the volume of the extruded materials into the vertebral canal and the grade of neurologic severity.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Our findings indicated that the total volume of the affected intervertebral disks is larger in dogs with type I TL-IVDH, and the volume of the extruded materials into the vertebral canal is weakly correlated with the neurologic severity.
Vasectomy and ovary-sparing spay in dogs: comparison of health and behavior outcomes with gonadectomized and sexually intact dogs
Authors: Zink Chris , Delgado Mikel M. , Stella Judith L. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To compare health and behavior outcomes for dogs that underwent vasectomy or ovary-sparing spay (hysterectomy) with sexually intact dogs or dogs that had undergone traditional castration or spay.

SAMPLE
6,018 dog owners responded to a web-based survey between November 3, 2021, and January 7, 2022.

PROCEDURES
Participants were asked demographic questions and to provide information about 1 or more dogs (living or deceased). Options for reproductive status were as follows: sexually intact, castrated, spayed (ovariohysterectomy or ovariectomy), vasectomy, or ovary-sparing spay (hysterectomy). Participants were asked questions about orthopedic and other health problems, cancer, and problematic behavior. Logistic regression models, survival analyses, and descriptive statistics were used to assess relationships between reproductive status and outcomes.

RESULTS
Owners provided valid surveys for 6,018 dogs, including 1,056 sexually intact, 1,672 castrated, and 58 vasectomized male dogs and 792 sexually intact, 2,281 spayed, and 159 female dogs that had undergone ovary-sparing spay. Longer exposure to gonadal hormones, regardless of reproductive status, was associated with reduced odds of general health problems and both problematic and nuisance behaviors.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
To our knowledge, this study provides the first data on health and behavior outcomes of vasectomy and ovary-sparing spay in dogs and is the first to compare these outcomes to sexually intact and gonadectomized dogs. It adds to accumulating data on the mixed benefits and risks of removing the gonads to prevent reproduction and emphasizes the importance of developing an informed, case-by-case assessment of each patient, taking into consideration the potential risks and benefits of spaying or neutering and alternative reproductive surgeries.
Effects of a weak supply of light at night on the growth and quality components of tea plants
Authors: Liu Qin-Ling , Dong Shu-Ling , Hu Xiao-Li , Yang Yang , Tang Qian , Tan Li-Qiang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Supplying artificial light is widely used in crop cultivation to improve yield and quality. In this study, we investigated the effects of a weak supply of light (WSL) on the growth and quality components of tea plants. Starting from mid-winter (20 January 2021), the purple tea (Camellia sinensis) cultivar ‘Ziyan’ was exposed to four different spectra at an intensity of 2 μmol · m−2 · s−1 or 5 μmol · m−2 · s−1 for 3 h or 5 h after sunset. The field observations showed that the sprouting index, which represents the time and speed of bud flush, was significantly higher in most of the WSL treatments than in the control (CK, p < 0.01). The total content of catechin in the harvested leaves of 3 WSL treatments was 11.51%–18.94% higher than that of the CK, but the content of anthocyanin of 4 WSL treatments unexpectedly decreased by 6.77%–11.69% (p < 0.05). The differences in yield, free amino acids and caffeine contents between the WSL treatments and CK were not significant. We concluded that the WSL treatments during the early spring night had positive impacts on the growth and some quality components of tea plants.