bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carl Schmitt in Outer Space: On Cixin Liu's “Dark Forest”
Authors: Afflerbach Ian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Cixin Liu's science fiction trilogy Remembrance of Earth's Past has sold more than 8 million copies and earned him the first Hugo Award to an Asian writer; it represents Chinese SF's breakout success in the anglophone fiction market. While his novels have received considerable popular acclaim, critics have yet to interrogate the troubling political vision they develop. The pivotal novum in the series—the new concept or creation, which Darko Suvin influentially identified as SF's chief mechanism for triggering “cognitive estrangement” in readers—is its “dark forest theory,” a set of governing axioms about life in outer space that make a necessary, inescapable hostility between different forms of organized life the fundamental political fact of the cosmos. This article argues that Carl Schmitt's political theory—his critique of liberalism, his investment in decisions made in a state of exception, and his core vision of politics as defined by the friend/enemy distinction—helps clarify the authoritarian currents in Liu's novels, as well as their break with several standards of characterization and narrative form conventional for realist fiction. By attempting to justify authoritarian order as the only adequate response to the existential cruelty of the cosmos, Liu's novels dramatize how Schmitt's notions about political enemies and heroic decisions in a state of emergency can serve to legitimate individual cruelty and collectively destructive warfare.
Beyond Isabel Archer's Door: The Underground Railroad and the Condemned Plot for Freedom
Authors: Wilkinson Caroline 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article radically reframes Henry James's The Portrait of a Lady in relation to the Underground Railroad, the transatlantic slave trade, US slavery, and racial housing segregation. Focusing on the house in Albany, New York, where Isabel Archer stays in the 1850s, it asserts that Isabel's pursuit of freedom is grounded in her 1850s childhood when the Underground Railroad was particularly active in Albany. It examines the Albany home within the historical context of the 1870s and 1880s, when, respectively, Isabel returns to Albany and The Portrait of a Lady was first published. Taking into account the Supreme Court's 1883 Civil Rights Cases, which facilitated housing discrimination against Black Americans, this article argues that the Albany home, whose door remains bolted to the “vulgar street,” protects James's American lady from a vulgarity associated then with African Americans. By examining a critically overlooked function of the Albany house—its spatial representation of the novel's plot—this article shows how narratives of Black people escaping slavery along with late nineteenth-century definitions of vulgarity centrally define Isabel's pursuit of freedom. Analyzing the plot's architecture, the article reveals how James strategically alludes to two novels about racism—overtly to George Eliot's Daniel Deronda and covertly to Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin—to construct his highly influential narrative about a white woman's transatlantic journey toward freedom.
Norms of Embodiment and Transgender Recognition: The “Wrong Body” Problem, the Taboo on Translocation, and the Case of Henry James
Authors: Coulson Victoria 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article begins with critics’ hostility toward Gilbert Osmond, the notorious villain of Henry James's The Portrait of a Lady (1881). It identifies this tradition as a response to Osmond's identity as a trans woman and to the mode of embodiment that Osmond demonstrates as one possible solution to the problem of the “wrong body.” The article's first half sketches the status of the wrong body in trans studies, where the concept is disfavored as reproducing a repressive ideology, in contrast to its characterization in Lacanian psychoanalysis as psychotic. The article demonstrates, nonetheless, in the principles of Lacanian theory the postulation of a class of subjects whose psychic sexuation as men or women does not match up with the symbolic sexual identity of their physical persons: subjects who cannot, therefore, assume their physical persons as their bodies (the article terms such embodiment “co-located”). It then develops a Lacanian analysis of the solution modeled by Osmond to the wrong body problem: “translocated embodiment,” in which a subject assumes as their body a sexed form other than their physical person. The second half of the article explores the operation of translocated embodiment in the Anglo-American leisure-class community of The Portrait of a Lady. The aestheticism of Gilbert Osmond, Ralph Touchett, and Edward Rosier is read as a historically specific instance of translocated embodiment. Social disfavor of their overt translocation drives James's three connoisseurs, as transgender subjects, to attempt covert translocation via heterosexual courtship and matrimony, aiming to secure advantageous representation in the form of cisgender women.
George Sand, Antisex Feminist
Authors: Counter Andrew J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
George Sand's feminist novels of the 1830s often seem to have a “problem” with sex, or to view sex as a problem. In them, heterosexual sex often appears disempowering for women and therefore politically unpalatable; worse, heterosexual desire itself emerges as primordially marked by patriarchal constraints, predicated on the (self-)objectification and subjection of women. This article offers a speculative reading of Sand's early fictions as anticipating similar “antisex” attitudes in later twentieth-century feminism (the so-called antipornography feminism of the 1980s), and uses close readings of moments in Indiana, Mauprat, and Lélia to reflect on the renewed urgency—in the wake of #MeToo—of the sort of ethical questions raised by such feminism during the “sex wars.” If Sand is not, ultimately, an antisex feminist, her novels are nevertheless thought-provoking in their skepticism, or their pessimistic realism, about the possibility of a politically or ethically motivated reform of sex and desire.
Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines for Patients With Chiari Malformation: Diagnosis
Authors: Bauer David F. , Niazi Toba , Qaiser Rabia , Infinger Libby Kosnik , Vachhrajani Shobhan , Ackerman Laurie L. , Jackson Eric M. , Jernigan Sarah , Maher Cormac O. , Pattisapu Jogi V. , Quinsey Carolyn , Raskin Jeffrey S. , Rocque Brandon G. , Silberstein Howard 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
Chiari I malformation (CIM) is characterized by descent of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum, potentially causing symptoms from compression or obstruction of the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. Diagnosis and treatment of CIM is varied, and guidelines produced through systematic review may be helpful for clinicians.

OBJECTIVE:
To perform a systematic review of the medical literature to answer specific questions on the diagnosis and treatment of CIM.

METHODS:
PubMed and Embase were queried between 1946 and January 23, 2021, using the search strategies provided in Appendix I of the full guidelines.

RESULTS:
The literature search yielded 567 abstracts, of which 151 were selected for full-text review, 109 were then rejected for not meeting the inclusion criteria or for being off-topic, and 42 were included in this systematic review.

CONCLUSION:
Three Grade C recommendations were made based on Level III evidence. The full guidelines can be seen online at https://www.cns.org/guidelines/browse-guidelines-detail/1-imaging.
Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines for Patients With Chiari Malformation: Symptoms
Authors: Jackson Eric M. , Jernigan Sarah , Raskin Jeffrey S. , Ackerman Laurie L. , Infinger Libby Kosnik , Maher Cormac O. , Niazi Toba , Pattisapu Jogi V. , Qaiser Rabia , Quinsey Carolyn , Rocque Brandon G. , Silberstein Howard , Vachhrajani Shobhan , Bauer David F. 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
Chiari I malformation (CIM) is characterized by descent of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum, potentially causing symptoms from compression or obstruction of the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. Diagnosis and treatment of CIM is varied, and guidelines produced through systematic review may be helpful for clinicians.

OBJECTIVE:
To perform a systematic review of the medical literature to answer specific questions on the diagnosis and treatment of CIM.

METHODS:
PubMed and Embase were queried between 1946 and January 23, 2021, using the search strategies provided in Appendix I of the full guidelines.

RESULTS:
The literature search yielded 430 abstracts, of which 79 were selected for full-text review, 44 were then rejected for not meeting the inclusion criteria or for being off-topic, and 35 were included in this systematic review.

CONCLUSION:
Four Grade C recommendations were made based on Class III evidence, and 1 question had insufficient evidence. The full guidelines can be seen online at https://www.cns.org/guidelines/browse-guidelines-detail/2-symptoms.
Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines for Patients With Chiari Malformation: Surgical Interventions
Authors: Pattisapu Jogi V. , Ackerman Laurie L. , Infinger Libby Kosnik , Maher Cormac O. , Quinsey Carolyn , Rocque Brandon G. , Silberstein Howard , Jackson Eric M. , Jernigan Sarah , Niazi Toba , Qaiser Rabia , Raskin Jeffrey S. , Vachhrajani Shobhan , Bauer David F. 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
Chiari malformation type I (CIM) diagnoses have increased in recent years. Controversy regarding the best operative management prompted a review of the literature to offer guidance on surgical interventions.

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the literature to determine (1) whether posterior fossa decompression or posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty is more effective in preoperative symptom resolution; (2) whether there is benefit from cerebellar tonsillar resection/reduction; (3) the role of intraoperative neuromonitoring; (4) in patients with a syrinx, how long should a syrinx be observed for improvement before additional surgery is performed; and 5) what is the optimal duration of follow-up care after preoperative symptom resolution.

METHODS:
A systematic review was performed using the National Library of Medicine/PubMed and Embase databases for studies on CIM in children and adults. The most appropriate surgical interventions, the use of neuromonitoring, and clinical improvement during follow-up were reviewed for studies published between 1946 and January 23, 2021.

RESULTS:
A total of 80 studies met inclusion criteria. Posterior fossa decompression with or without duraplasty or cerebellar tonsil reduction all appeared to show some benefit for symptom relief and syrinx reduction. There was insufficient evidence to determine whether duraplasty or cerebellar tonsil reduction was needed for specific patient groups. There was no strong correlation between symptom relief and syringomyelia resolution. Many surgeons follow patients for 6–12 months before considering reoperation for persistent syringomyelia. No benefit or harm was seen with the use of neuromonitoring.

CONCLUSION:
This evidence-based clinical guidelines for the treatment of CIM provide 1 Class II and 4 Class III recommendations. In patients with CIM with or without syringomyelia, treatment options include bone decompression with or without duraplasty or cerebellar tonsil reduction. Improved syrinx resolution may potentially be seen with dural patch grafting. Symptom resolution and syrinx resolution did not correlate directly. Reoperation for a persistent syrinx was potentially beneficial if the syrinx had not improved 6 to 12 months after the initial operation. The full guidelines can be seen online at https://www.cns.org/guidelines/browse-guidelines-detail/3-surgical-interventions.
Restoration and highlight of Agioi Theodoroi church in Nafplio with the use of CAD technologies
Authors: Psychogyios Dimitris , Leptidou Katerina 
Published: August 2023

The church of Agioi Theodoroi is located north of the new city of Nafplion, in the “Neo Byzantio” or “Kültepe” area, near the main road connecting Naflion to Argos, on Kalamata Street. It is a small, simple construction, single aisled church with pitched tiled roof and a semi-circular sanctuary arch. The church is not pro-claimed monument, but it constitutes important historical evidence of recent history of the city and of Greece in general, given that it is documented to be associated with one of the protagonists of the Revolution of 1821 Theodoros Kolokotronis and therefore it is inextricably linked to the collective historical memory.
Today the church belongs to “Holy Church of Saint Constantine and Helen” in Naflion. Due to celebrations for the 200 years anniversary of the Greek revolution, the committee “Greece 2021” has approved the financing of its restoration.
This paper presents the initial diagnostic procedures as well as the first results from the plaster removals and the test sections in the construction field. The diagnostic procedures include the creation of multidisciplinary thematic maps in Computer Aided Design (CAD) environment, which incorporate: (a) data of historical and architectural documentation (b) data of geometric documentation and (c) data of building materials characterization and decay diagnosis.
It is about a work in progress and is proceeding with multidisciplinary collaboration between historians, architects, archeologists, material science engineers. Of particular interest is the involvement of the local community in support of the project and in archival/bibliographic research. Finally, the completion of the project will bring changes to the map of the city’s points of historical interest since it is located outside the historic city center. This event should have as its goal both the sustainable protection of the monument as well as the sustainable development of the wider area
Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding malaria prevention and control in communities in the Eastern Region, Ghana, 2020
Authors: Lopez Aquel Rene , Brown Charles Addoquaye 
Published: August 2023

Background
In sub-Saharan Africa countries including Ghana, the malaria burden remains unacceptably high and still a serious health challenge. Evaluating a community’s level of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding malaria is essential to enabling appropriate preventive and control measures. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge of malaria, attitudes toward the disease, and adoption of control and prevention practices in some communities across the Eastern Region of Ghana.

Methods
A cross‑sectional based study was carried out in 13 communities across 8 districts from January -June, 2020. Complete data on socio-demographic characteristics and KAP were obtained from 316 randomly selected household respondents by a structured pre-tested questionnaire. Associations between KAP scores and socio-demographic profiles were tested by Chi-square and binary logistic regression. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 26.0.

Results
Most respondents (85.4%) had good knowledge score about malaria. Preferred choice of treatment seeking place (50.6%) was the health center/clinic. All respondents indicated they would seek treatment within 24 hours. Mosquito coils were the preferred choice (58.9%) against mosquito bites. Majority of households (58.5%) had no bed nets and bed net usage was poor (10.1%). Nearly half of the respondents (49.4%) had a positive attitude toward malaria and 40.5% showed good practices. Chi-square analysis showed significant associations for gender and attitude scores (p = 0.033), and educational status and practice scores (p = 0.023). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that 51–60 year-olds were less likely to have good knowledge (OR = 0.20, p = 0.04) than 15–20 year-olds. Respondents with complete basic schooling were less likely to have good knowledge (OR = 0.33, p = 0.04) than those with no formal schooling. A positive attitude was less likely in men (OR = 0.61, p = 0.04). Good malaria prevention practice was lower (OR = 0.30, p = 0.01) in participants with incomplete basic school education compared to those with no formal schooling.

Conclusion
Overall scores for respondents’ knowledge, though good, was not reflected in attitudes and levels of practice regarding malaria control and prevention. Behavioral change communication, preferably on radio, should be aimed at attitudes and practice toward the disease.
Technological Learning and Technology Mastery by 10 Companies Under the Supervision of Agency for the Management of Strategic Industries (BPIS) in Indonesia Prior to the 1998 Economic Crisis
Authors: Hermawati Wati , Aminullah Erman 
Published: August 2023

<table width="638" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="638"><p>The research examined technological learning in the developing high-tech industry within the state-owned strategic companies under supervision of the<strong> </strong>Agency for the Management of Strategic Industries (BPIS). The research has been conducted to date on high-tech development using a technological learning approach as one method of developing the nation's S&amp;T (Science and Technology). This work was completed through desk research using available archives on documented reports for ten strategic industries. The research results confirmed the story of Indonesian innovation policy emphasis on technology-based industrial transformation was a real, staged process with clear concepts and objectives at strategic companies. Short-term innovation traps should be avoided for not repeating innovation discontinuity, which has become the primary concern of short-sight’s actors in technology politics. The key to successful technological learning are: i. continuous without stopping, the innovation continuity should be undertaken by confronting the crisis situation has become a requirement for innovative industrialists engaged in innovative economic activities, and; ii. companies could take alternative paths in continuous technological learning to climb the technological ladder by continuously engaging in R&amp;D and engineering <em>capability upgrading</em> in the global competition sphere, because a company cannot survive without building a strong foundation of technological capabilities.</p><p>Keywords: <em>high-tech development, economic crisis, technological learning, innovation discontinuity, R&amp;D governance</em>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table>
Segregation and Childhood Blood Lead Levels in North Carolina
Authors: Miranda Marie Lynn , Lilienfeld Aaron , Tootoo Joshua , Bravo Mercedes A. 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Using a local measure of racial residential segregation, estimate the association between racial residential segregation and childhood blood lead levels between the early 1990s and 2015 in North Carolina.

METHODS
This population-based observational study uses individual-level blood lead testing records obtained from the NC Department of Health and Human Services for 320 916 children aged &lt;7 years who were tested between 1992 and 1996 or 2013 and 2015. NC childhood blood lead levels were georeferenced to the census tract. Neighborhood racial residential segregation, assessed using a local, spatial measure of the racial isolation of non-Hispanic Blacks (RINHB), was calculated at the census tract level.

RESULTS
From 1990 to 2015, RINHB increased in 50% of 2195 NC census tracts, although the degree of change varied by geographic region. In 1992 to 1996 blood lead testing data, a 1-standard-deviation increase in tract-level RINHB was associated with a 2.86% (95% confidence interval: 0.96%–4.81%) and 2.44% (1.34%–3.56%) increase in BLL among non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White children, respectively. In 2013 to 2015 blood lead testing data, this association was attenuated but persisted with a 1-standard-deviation increase in tract-level RINHB associated with a 1.59% (0.50%–2.70%) and 0.76% (0.08%–1.45%) increase in BLL among non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White children, respectively. In the supplemental information, we show the change in racial residential segregation across the entire United States, demonstrating that RINHB increased in 69% of 72 899 US census tracts.

CONCLUSIONS
Racially isolated neighborhoods are associated with higher childhood lead levels, demonstrating the disproportionate environmental burdens borne by segregated communities and warranting attention to providing whole child health care.
INFLUENCE OF LEARNING PROCESS ON THE RELATION BETWEEN CHOSEN ANTHROPOMETRIC DIMENSIONS VIA LINEAR, PARABOLIC AND CUBIC RELATION MODEL
Authors: Jelaska Igor , Maleš Boris , Kuna Danijela 
Published: August 2023

The aim of this paper was to compare, analyze and explain the change in linear, parabolic and cubic models of the relation between two chosen anthropometric soft tissue variables through a learning process implemented as a kinesiological treatment. A homogenous sample which homogenised further as the learning process advanced was used for the purpose of this research. In accordance with this, the linear model, the parabolic model and the cubic model which has never been used before depicting the relation between the thigh skinfold criterion variable and the upper arm circumference predictor variable were observed at 4 points in time. The convergence of statistically insignificant nonlinear models to statistically significant nonlinear model was observed and explained, providing a new methodological tool for quantitative analysis of the success of the learning process.The research has shown that the cubic model is the most appropriate one at the highest point of sample homogenization. It also suggests the introduction of a mathematical expression for an interval of numbers which encompasses those predictor variable values for which it is reasonable to calculate the criterion variable value – the domain of the (non) linear regression model. Furthermore, the process of calculating the extreme points of the general nonlinear model was mathematically described and applied. Key words: anthropometry, cubic regression, education, methodology, nonlinear regression------------------------ Cilj ovog rada bio je usporediti, analizirati i objasniti promjenu linearnog, paraboličnog i kubičnog modela povezanosti dvije odabrane antropometrijske varijable mekih tkiva, kroz proces učenja implementiranog kao kineziološki tretman. Pritom je korišten homogen uzorak koji se procesom učenja dodatno homogenizira. U skladu s tim, promatrani su linearni, parabolični i do sada nekorišteni kubični model povezanosti kriterijske varijable kožnog nabora natkoljenice i prediktorske varijable opsega nadlaktice u 4 vremenske točke. Uočena i objašnjena je konvergencija statistički neznačajnih nelinearnih modela prema statistički značajnom nelinearnom modelu, što nam daje novi metodološki alat za kvantitativnu analizu uspješnosti procesa učenja. Pritom je pokazano da je kubični model najprikladniji kod najvišeg stupnja homogenizacije uzorka. Također je predložen matematički izraz za interval brojeva koji obuhvaća one vrijednosti prediktorske varijable za koje je smisleno izračunavati vrijednost kriterijske varijable - domenu (ne)linearnog regresijskog modela. Nadalje, matematički je opisan i primijenjen postupak izračuna ekstremnih točaka općeg nelinearnog modela. Ključne riječi: antropometrija, edukacija, kubična regresija, metodologija, nelinearna regresija