bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Impella RP Versus Vasoactive Treatment on Right and Left Ventricular Strain in a Porcine Model of Acute Cardiogenic Shock Induced by Right Coronary Artery Embolization
Authors: Frederiksen Peter H. , Josiassen Jakob , Udesen Nanna L. J. , Linde Louise , Helgestad Ole K. , Banke Ann , Jensen Lisette O. , Schmidt Henrik , Hassager Christian , Ravn Hanne B. , Møller Jacob E. 
Published: February 2023

Background
The response of the left ventricle to cardiogenic shock (CS) caused by right ventricular (RV) infarction and the effect of treatment with either vasoactive treatment or Impella RP are not well described. We sought to determine RV and left ventricular longitudinal strain (LS) by echocardiography after initiation of either Impella RP or vasoactive treatment for CS induced by right coronary artery embolization.

Methods and Results

CS was induced with microsphere embolization in the right coronary artery in 20 pigs. Shock was defined as a reduction in cardiac output of ≥50% and/or an SvO
2
<30%. At the time of CS either Impella RP or vasoactive treatment (norepinephrine and milrinone) was initiated. Echocardiography and conductance measures were obtained at baseline, when CS was present, and 30, 90, and 180 minutes after induction of CS. Of 20 animals, 14 completed the protocol and were treated with either vasoactive treatment (n=7) or Impella RP (n=7); 6 animals died (3 in each group). In the RV there was a significantly higher LS with the vasoactive treatment compared with Impella RP (−7.6% [4.5] to −6.0% [5.2] vs −4.5% [6.6] to –14.2% [10.6];
P
<0.006). Left ventricular LS improved with both treatments compared with shock, but with a larger effect (−9.4% [3.2] to −17.9% [3.6]) on LS with vasoactive treatment than Impella RP (−9.8% [3.1] to −12.3% [4.6];
P
<0.001). We found a significant correlation between stroke work and RV LS (r=−0.60,
P
<0.001) and left ventricular LS (r=−0.62,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
We found significantly higher hemodynamic effects with vasoactive treatment compared with Impella RP in both the RV and left ventricular but at a cost of increased stroke work.
Rehabilitation Therapy Doses Are Low After Stroke and Predicted by Clinical Factors
Authors: Young Brittany M. , Holman E. Alison , Cramer Steven C. , Shah Shreyansh , Griessenauer Christoph J. , Patel Nirav , Lin David J. , Gee Joey , Moon Johnson , Schwertfeger Julie , Jayaraman Arun , Lee Robert , Lansberg Maarten , Payne Jeremy , Patten Carolynn , Cramer Steven C. , Holman E. Alison , Agrawal Kunal , Kissela Brett , DeJong Stacey , Cole John , Silver Brian , Cucchiara Brett , Busza Ania , Liew Sook-Lei , Alderman Susan , Hayes Heather , Majersik Jennifer J. , Worrall Brad , Tirschwell David , Bushnell Cheryl , El Husseini Nada , Lee Jin-Moo , Falcone Guido J. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability. Greater rehabilitation therapy after stroke is known to improve functional outcomes. This study examined therapy doses during the first year of stroke recovery and identified factors that predict rehabilitation therapy dose.

Methods:
Adults with new radiologically confirmed stroke were enrolled 2 to 10 days after stroke onset at 28 acute care hospitals across the United States. Following an initial assessment during acute hospitalization, the number of physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy sessions were determined at visits occurring 3, 6, and 12 months following stroke. Negative binomial regression examined whether clinical and demographic factors were associated with therapy counts. False discovery rate was used to correct for multiple comparisons.

Results:
Of 763 patients enrolled during acute stroke admission, 510 were available for follow-up. Therapy counts were low overall, with most therapy delivered within the first 3 months; 35.0% of patients received no physical therapy; 48.8%, no occupational therapy, and 61.7%, no speech therapy. Discharge destination was significantly related to cumulative therapy; the percentage of patients discharged to an inpatient rehabilitation facility varied across sites, from 0% to 71%. Most demographic factors did not predict therapy dose, although Hispanic patients received a lower cumulative amount of physical therapy and occupational therapy. Acutely, the severity of clinical factors (grip strength and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, as well as National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale subscores for aphasia and neglect) predicted higher subsequent therapy doses. Measures of impairment and function (Fugl-Meyer, modified Rankin Scale, and Stroke Impact Scale Activities of Daily Living) assessed 3 months after stroke also predicted subsequent cumulative therapy doses.

Conclusions:
Rehabilitative therapy doses during the first year poststroke are low in the United States. This is the first US-wide study to demonstrate that behavioral deficits predict therapy dose, with patients having more severe deficits receiving higher doses. Findings suggest directions for identifying groups at risk of receiving disproportionately low rehabilitation doses.
Voxel-Based Immersive Mixed Reality: A Framework for Ad Hoc Immersive Storytelling
Authors: Duncan Stuart , Park Noel , Ott Claudia , Langlotz Tobias , Regenbrecht Holger 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Volumetric video recordings of storytellers, when experienced in immersive virtual reality, can elicit a sense of copresence between the user and the storyteller. Combining a volumetric storyteller with an appropriate virtual environment presents a compelling experience that can convey the story with a depth that is hard to achieve with traditional forms of media. Volumetric video production remains difficult, time-consuming, and expensive, often excluding cultural groups who would benefit most. The difficulty is partly due to ever-increasing levels of visual detail in computer graphics, and resulting hardware and software requirements. A high level of detail is not a requirement for convincing immersive experiences, and by reducing the level of detail, experiences can be produced and delivered using readily available, nonspecialized equipment. By reducing computational requirements in this way, storytelling scenes can be created ad hoc and experienced immediately—this is what we are addressing with our approach. We present our portable real-time volumetric capture system, and our framework for using it to produce immersive storytelling experiences. The real-time capability of the system, and the low data rates resulting from lower levels of visual detail, allow us to stream volumetric video in real time to enrich experiences with embodiment (seeing oneself) and with copresence (seeing others). Our system has supported collaborative research with Māori partners with the aim of reconnecting the dispersed Māori population in Aotearoa, New Zealand to their ancestral land through immersive storytelling. We present our system in the context of this collaborative work.
Impacts of Anthropogenic Emissions over South Asia on East Asian Spring Climate: Two Possible Dynamical Pathways
Authors: Hao Xinyue , Jiang Yiquan , Yang Xiu-Qun , Liu Xiaohong , Zhang Yang , Wang Minghuai , Liang Yuan , Wang Yong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Both South Asia and East Asia are the most polluted regions of the world. Unlike East Asia, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) over South Asia keeps increasing for all recent years, which calls for more attention. This study investigates the impacts of anthropogenic emissions over South Asia on the downstream regional climate during spring with the Community Earth System Model 2 (CESM2). The model results suggest that South Asian pollutants have significant impacts on East Asian spring climate, and the impacts could be even larger than locally emitted aerosols. Two possible dynamical pathways (i.e., the northern and the southern pathways) bridging South Asian aerosol forcing and East Asian climate are proposed, and both ways are associated with the black carbon (BC)-induced climate feedbacks surrounding the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The northern pathway is mainly due to the TP warming induced by the BC snow darkening effect (SDE), which significantly reduces the surface air temperature (SAT) over northern East Asia. BC-induced TP warming increases the meridional thermal gradient and accelerates the midlatitude jet stream, which favors the cold-air advection over northern East Asia. The southern pathway is associated with the BC “elevated heat pump” hypothesis, which mainly affects the precipitation in southern East Asia. BC from South Asia accumulates near the south slope of TP, inducing an abnormal ascending motion near the Bay of Bengal. A compensating anomalous sinking motion is then forced in South China, which suppresses the precipitation there. A primary observational analysis is also performed to verify both dynamical pathways.

Significance Statement
The intensified air pollution over South Asia and its impacts on local climate have been extensively investigated, but its impacts on the climate of remote regions have not been well recognized. Two possible dynamical pathways bridging South Asian air pollutants and East Asian spring climate are proposed, and the black carbon (BC)-induced climate feedbacks surrounding the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are emphasized for both pathways. The findings of this study favor the projection of East Asian future climate under the background of Third Pole/TP warming.
Toward a Quantitative Understanding of Robert’s Rising Thermal Bubble as a Benchmark for 3D Atmospheric Codes
Authors: Andrés-Carcasona M. , Soria M. , García-Melendo E. , Miró A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Robert’s rising thermal bubble (RRTB) is a benchmark case used to assess atmospheric models. In this paper, RRTB is further studied both using an analytical and a numerical approach, improving to a greater extent the qualitative description found in the literature. The theoretical framework used is that of buoyant thermals and scaling theory that together are able to predict part of the expected behavior of the bubble as it rises and, therefore, can be used to further validate the simulations. For the numerical experiments, we simulate both a two-dimensional and three-dimensional RRTB using a variety of convection schemes under the Boussinesq approximation and with a higher resolution. While the results are in agreement with those presented by previous authors on the same benchmark and also with the theoretical framework established, we add the quantitative measures to validate the underlying physics of the numerical model. Our results also show that, due to its completely chaotic nature when confined in a 2D plane, RRTB becomes a very challenging candidate to be used as a benchmark if only compared in a qualitative way, and when the 3D bubble is simulated, the shape changes significantly.
Combining realist evaluation and transformative evaluation to advance research in palliative care: The case of end of life companionship
Authors: Downey John , Fornasiero Mauro , Cooper Susan , Bassett Lynn , Doherty Margaret , Dubeibe Fong Alejandra , Bradley Natasha , Cornwall Jon 
Published: February 2023

Background: Palliative care requires innovative methods to understand what works, for whom, in what circumstances and why. Realist evaluation has become one prominent approach due to its preoccupation with building, and testing, causal theories to explain the influence of contextual factors on outcomes. Undertaking realist evaluation is not without challenges and may amplify issues of underrepresentation, disempower those working in palliative care, and produce results with poor ecological validity. Complementary approaches are needed which mitigate these challenges, whilst producing credible findings that advances knowledge. Purpose: In this article it is outlined how realist evaluation provides a toolkit to advance research to explain, and empirically test, the complex contours of palliative care. Moreover, it is proposed that transformative evaluation can provide a catalyst to engage and empower those within palliative care, create the opportunity for care transformation, and produce more informed and authentic theories. Discussion: Contemporary issues in palliative care pertain to the complexity of palliative care, the insufficiency of experimental designs alone, and the challenges of achieving inclusive research participation. In this article it is argued that theory led, participatory, opportunistic and naturalistic approaches can provide an antidote to the issues in the literature. The combination also mitigates many methodological critiques of the individual approaches, by increasing the transformative potential of realist evaluation, and explanatory potential of transformative evaluation.
Human Muscle–Derived Cells Are Capable of Tenogenic Differentiation and Contribution to Tendon Repair
Authors: Shao Xiexiang , Lin Xingzuan , Zhu Siyuan , Zhou Hao , Lu Zhenfei , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Jianhua 
Published: February 2023

Background: It has been reported that the harvested hamstring tendon for autograft could be regenerated with well-oriented fibers and uniformly distributed spindle-shaped cells after removal. However, which cell type might participate in the repair process remains unknown. Purpose: To investigate the tenogenic differentiation potential of human muscle–derived cells (MDCs) both in vitro and in vivo. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Primary human MDCs and tenocytes were isolated from discarded materials during a peroneus longus tendon–harvesting procedure. Expression of tenogenic genes were evaluated and compared among MDCs, MDCs with tenogenic induction, and tenocytes. RNA sequencing was performed to evaluate the expression profile of differentiated MDCs. Human MDCs were implanted in a tendon injury model to investigate the in vivo tenogenic differentiation potential. Histologic and functional analyses were performed to evaluate the function of MDCs for tendon repair. Results: The relative expression levels (in fold change) of tenogenic genes Col I, MKX, SCX, THBS4, and TNC in MDCs were significantly upregulated 11.5 ± 1.3, 957.1 ± 63.7, 19.1 ± 2.8, 61.9 ± 4.8, and 10.2 ± 2.8 after tenogenic induction, respectively. The expression profile of tenogenically differentiated MDCs was much closer to primary tenocytes. Activation of TGF-β/Smad3 signaling significantly promoted the tenogenic differentiation ability of MDCs. Transplanted human MDCs were identified in regenerated tendon and expressed tenogenic genes. As for biomechanical properties, the failure loads in the Matrigel, transplantation, and uninjured groups were 7.2 ± 0.5, 11.6 ± 0.3, and 13.9 ± 0.7 N, while the stiffness values were 4.4 ± 1.3 × 103, 7.6 ± 0.8 × 103, and 10.9 ± 1.1 × 103 N/m. Plantarflexion force, histologic morphology, and motor function were also significantly improved after MDC transplantation in a tendon injury model. Conclusion: There exist cells with tenogenic differentiation potential in human skeletal muscles. Activation of TGF-β/Smad3 signaling plays an important role in tenogenic differentiation for human MDCs. Human MDCs contribute to structural and functional repair for the injured tendon. MDCs are a potential cell source to participate in the repair process after tendon injury. Clinical Relevance: The MDCs could be a promising cell source to repair tendon injury.
Pragmatic Evaluation of a Low-Threshold Sports Program for Older Adults in Group Homes
Authors: Burke Amanda , Jones Andy 
Published: February 2023

Physical activity (PA) reduces with older age, ill health, and disability. For these groups, guidance recognizes the benefit of small increases in PA and low-intensity PA. This study evaluated a low-threshold intervention that addressed known barriers to older people’s participation in PA in residential care and sheltered housing. Ten, competitive sport sessions were delivered by coaches at 49 sites with the aim that they be sustained in-house. Using quasi-experimental methods, participants reported reduced sitting time, increased moderate/vigorous PA, increased participation in sports and improved scores for both health quality of life and fear of falling at 6 months. The program engaged 29% of residents and was sustained at 50% of sites at 8 months. The findings suggest that low-threshold sports programs that overcome known barriers to older people’s participation in PA have the potential to provide a gateway to increased PA in group homes and to be sustained in-house.
Process parameter tailored evaluation of FFF-fabricated carbon fibre based poly-lactic-acid composites
Authors: Jain Akash , Kant Krishna , Singh Sudhir Kumar , Sahai Ankit , Sharma Rahul Swarup 
Published: February 2023

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is an Additive manufacturing technique, widely used in engineering that involves adding material layer by layer to create solid objects with complex geometry. Due to the poor mechanical performance of pure thermoplastics materials, one alternative for enhancing the mechanical qualities of FFF created thermoplastic parts is to include reinforcing material, such as carbon fibre (CF). In this work, we perform an FFF analysis of the mechanical behaviour of gyroid infilled CF based poly-lactic-acid (PLA) composites. Tensile behaviour is measured for a variety of parameter combinations, including raster angle (RA) (0°, 45°, 90°), feed rate (FR) (20 mm/s, 40 mm/s, 60 mm/s) and layer height (LH) (0.1 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.2 mm). By adjusting the several process parameters, it is possible to increase tensile strength (TS) by 70.81%, from a minimum of 16.17 MPa to a maximum of 27.62 MPa. The failure mechanisms of the studied specimens are determined using a fractography study, which indicates pulling, necking, raster failure, and voids. Using ANOVA, Taguchi’s L27 array, and regression analysis, the impact of LH, RA, and FR on TS is determined, in which, LH having the highest influence. The results of this study will aid engineers in creating useful components with improved mechanical behaviour.
Risk factors associated with COVID-19 in systemic lupus erythematosus: Results from a longitudinal prospective cohort
Authors: Patil Abhishek , Shobha Vineeta , Shenoy Padmanabha , S Chandrashekara , Kumar Sharath , Daware Manisha , Haridas Vikram , Janardana Ramya , Pinto Benzeeta , Kodishala Chanakya , Ramaswamy Subramanian , S Nagaraj , Jain Vikramraj , Singh Yogesh Preet , Singhai Shweta , C Srinivasa , Jois Ramesh , Rao Vijay K , Dharmapalaiah Chethana , KN Sangeetha , Balebail Dharmanand 
Published: February 2023

Introduction Patients with SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus) have a higher risk of infection due to dysregulated immune system as well as long-term use of immunosuppressants (IS). This could influence the risk of COVID-19 and its outcome. Methods We conducted a longitudinal prospective study across 15 rheumatology centres during the first wave of the pandemic to understand the risk factors contributing to COVID-19 in SLE patients. During the 6 months follow-up, those who tested positive for COVID-19, their clinical course and outcome information were recorded. Results Through the study period (April–December 2020), 36/1379 lupus patients (2.9%) developed COVID-19. On analysing the COVID-19 positive versus negative cohort during the study period, male gender (adjusted RR 3.72, 95% C.I. 1.85,7.51) and diabetes (adjusted RR 2.94, 95% C.I. 1.28, 6.79) emerged as the strongest risk factors for COVID-19, in the adjusted analysis. There was no significant influence of organ involvement, hydroxychloroquine, glucocorticoid dosage (prednisolone< 7.5 mg or ≥ 7.5 mg/day) or IS on the risk of COVID-19. There was only one death (1/36) among the lupus patients due to COVID-19. Conclusion Traditional risk factors rather than lupus disease process or IS influenced the risk of COVID-19 in our cohort.
Estimating stage-specific sensitivity for cancer screening tests
Authors: Pinsky Paul , Lange Jane , Etzioni Ruth 
Published: February 2023

Objectives When evaluating potential new cancer screening modalities, estimating sensitivity, especially for early-stage cases, is critical. There are methods to approximate stage-specific sensitivity in asymptomatic populations, both in the prospective (active screening) and retrospective (stored specimens) scenarios. We explored their validity via a simulation study. Methods We fit natural history models to lung and ovarian cancer screening data that permitted estimation of stage-specific (early/late) true sensitivity, defined as the probability subjects screened in the given stage had positive tests. We then ran simulations, using the fitted models, of the prospective and retrospective scenarios. Prospective sensitivity by stage was estimated as screen-detected divided by screen-plus interval-detected cancers, where stage is defined as stage at detection. Retrospective sensitivity by stage was estimated based on cancers detected within specified windows before clinical diagnosis with stage defined as stage at clinical diagnosis. Results Stage-specific true sensitivities estimated by the lung cancer natural history model were 47% (early) and 63% (late). Simulation results for the prospective setting gave estimated sensitivities of 81% (early) versus 62% (late). In the retrospective scenario, early/late sensitivity estimates were 35%/57% (1-year window) and 27%/49% (2-year window). In the prospective scenario, most subjects with negative early-stage screens presented as other than early-stage interval cases. Results were similar for ovarian cancer, with estimated prospective sensitivity much greater than true sensitivity for early stage, 84% versus 25%. Conclusions Existing methods for approximating stage-specific sensitivity in both prospective and retrospective scenarios are unsatisfactory; improvements are needed before they can be considered to be reliable.
Oh Baby! A Content Analysis of Contraception Pins on Pinterest
Authors: Kohler Tessa , Guidry Jeanine P. D. , Perrin Paul , Laestadius Linnea 
Published: February 2023

Background: Social media platforms have become a popular source for health information despite concerns about the quality of content shared. We examined how oral contraceptive pills and intrauterine devices are framed on the platform Pinterest using the Health Belief Model (HBM), as well as how fertility awareness methods are portrayed as an alternative to hormonal contraception. Methods: We collected pins in February 2021 using searches for birth control, oral contraceptives, and intrauterine devices. After excluding paid ads and pins not relevant to contraceptive use, we conducted a content analysis of 404 pins using a coding framework grounded in the HBM. We carried out descriptive statistics for all variables in the final sample. Results: Following coding, we found that 54.7% of pins mentioned oral contraceptive pills, 41.58% mentioned intrauterine devices, and 11.63% mentioned fertility awareness methods. Fertility awareness pins had the highest percentage of benefits conveyed (70.21%), followed by intrauterine devices (44.05%), then oral contraceptive pills (38.91%). Pill pins had the highest percentage of barriers conveyed (52.94%) and fertility awareness had the least (25.53%). Side effects were the most mentioned barrier among pill (37.10%) and intrauterine device pins (23.21%). Very few pins were made by (2.48%) or originated with medical institutions (5.45%). Conclusions: Oral contraceptive pills are often negatively framed on Pinterest, whereas intrauterine devices and fertility awareness methods are more positively framed. This suggests a need for clear communication from clinicians regarding all contraceptive options and their relative merits and risks.