bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypermobility spectrum disorders and irritable bowel syndrome: A nationwide study of 1.6 million adolescents
Authors: Zloof Yair , Peretz Lidor , Braun Maya , Simchoni Maya , Tsur Avishai M. , Tzur Dorit , Derazne Estela , Ben‐Tov Amir , Pinhas‐Hamiel Orit , Amarilyo Gil , Daher Saleh , Shlaifer Amir , Braun‐Moscovici Yolanda 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and aimThe association between hypermobility spectrum disorders/hypermobile type Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (HDS/hEDS) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is yet to be clarified. We aimed to assess this association in a national sample of adolescents.MethodsA population‐based cross‐sectional study included 1 627 345 Israeli adolescents (58% male; mean age 17 years) who were medically assessed before compulsory military service during 1998–2020. Diagnoses of HSD/hEDS and IBS were confirmed by board‐certified specialists. The prevalence and odds ratios (ORs) for IBS in adolescents with and without HSD/hEDS were computed.ResultsA total of 4686 adolescents (2553 male) with HSD/hEDS were identified, of whom 71 were diagnosed with IBS (prevalence = 1.5%). Of the 1 621 721 adolescents in the control group, 8751 were diagnosed with IBS (prevalence = 0.5%). Unadjusted logistic regression revealed a significant association between HSD/hEDS and IBS (OR = 2.16 [95% confidence interval, CI, 1.90–2.45]), which persisted in multivariable adjusted models (OR = 2.58 [95% CI, 2.02–3.24]), and in several sensitivity analyses. The association was evident in both male and female adolescents with ORs of 2.60 (95% CI, 1.87–3.49), and 2.46 (95% CI, 1.66–3.49), respectively. The association was accentuated in a sensitivity analysis accounting for other medical and psychiatric comorbidities.ConclusionsWe found a significant association between HSD/hEDS and IBS in both male and female adolescents. Clinical awareness of the association can promote early diagnosis of IBS and appropriate multidisciplinary treatment. Further research is required to identify the common pathological pathways of the conditions and to develop new IBS treatment strategies for people with HSD/hEDS.
Characterizing the phenotypic and genetic changes of pre‐epidemic HIV‐2 group F virus following serial passage in humanized mice
Authors: Curlin James Z. , Schmitt Kimberly , Remling‐Mulder Leila , Tibbitts Corina Valencia , O'Connor Shelby , Marx Preston , Akkina Ramesh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHIV‐2 Group F virus with an origin in NHPs was isolated from only two individuals. Two serial passages in hu‐mice showed increased viral loads, CD4+ T cell decline and nonsynonymous genetic changes showing its capacity for further evolution, and spread in the human.
Antiaging effects of a skin care formulation containing nanoencapsulated antioxidants: A clinical, in vitro, and ex vivo study
Authors: Fonseca Ana Paula , Pizzol Carine Dal , Vanzo Antonio Carlos , da Silva Gustavo Henrique , Facchini Gustavo , Pinheiro Ana Lúcia Tabarini Alves , Eberlin Samara , Maia Campos Patrícia Maria Berardo Gonçalves 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe development of effective cosmetic products for the reduction of the signs of skin aging is a complex process which requires an optimized combination of ingredients and specialized systems to deliver the actives to the skin layers.AimTo evaluate the tolerance and antiaging clinical efficacy of a cosmetic formulation containing a blend of nanoencapsulated antioxidants: ascorbyl palmitate, resveratrol, tocopherol, caffeine, carnosine, and niacinamide.MethodsClinical efficacy was determined by subjective and instrumental analyses of collagen synthesis by fluorescence spectroscopy, by three‐dimensional imaging analysis of suborbital edema, and by analysis of skin hydration and sebum content by biophysical techniques—Corneometer® and Sebumeter®.ResultsThe studied formulation was safe and effective for the improvement of skin appearance by increasing collagen synthesis and skin moisturizing and by reducing facial blemishes, swelling, and oiliness. A preclinical exploratory approach using an experimental model of human cell and skin cultures agreed with the observed antiaging effects, identifying mechanisms related to the containment of oxidative stress, reduction of melanin production, increased synthesis of type I procollagen, and regulation of the epidermal cohesion protein filaggrin.ConclusionsThe skin benefits obtained resulted from the combination of the ingredients in the formulation and the nanoencapsulation‐based delivery system, which favors the solubility, safety, efficacy, and bioavailability of the preparation to the skin.
Investigation of social support as a mediator of the relationship between physical and psychological health among hospitalised patients
Authors: Hagan Joseph L. , Sipe Margie Hamilton , Tyer‐Viola Lynda A. , Corless Inge B. , Quinn Lisa , Hall Kathryn E. , Carney Julia , Griffith Catherine A. , Banister Gaurdia E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the self‐reported levels of social support from friends and family and from nurses as mediators of the relationship between self‐rated physical and psychological condition in hospitalised patients.DesignCross‐sectional study of adult inpatients at a large tertiary‐care hospital in the northeast United States.MethodsMultiple mediation analysis of survey data.ResultsIn surveys received from 324 inpatients, one fourth of the variation in patients' self‐rated psychological condition was explained by self‐rated physical condition. Social support from family and friends mediated a significant proportion (11.0%) of the relationship between self‐rated physical and psychological condition, however social support from nurses did not.ConclusionSocial support from family and friends can positively influence the psychological health of inpatients, but nurses are not an adequate replacement for the social support provided by family and friends.Implications for NursingAlthough nurses cannot replace the social support provided by family and friends, the assessment of social isolation and care planning of interventions to support patients is a fundamental nursing role. Technology to connect patients with friends and family should be used to mitigate isolation for hospitalised patients unable to receive in‐person visits from loved ones.ImpactThe influence of social support from family and friends and nurses was addressed. The study found social support from family and friends, but not nurses, to influence the relationship between physical and psychological ratings. This finding has implications for the role of nurses in the hospital setting.Reporting MethodStrengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines were followed.
Dispositional Associations Between Interoceptive Attention Tendencies and Effortful Control: Cross‐sectional Findings from an Online National Survey of Japanese Working Adults
Authors: Fujikawa Takuya , Kabir Russell Sarwar , Funabashi Atsuhiko , Kawamata Yu , Haramaki Yutaka 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInteroceptive attention tendencies (IATs) have been theorized to include facets of awareness and evaluative aspects for skillfully attending toward one's bodily sensations in a regulatory manner. However, the relations between IATs and factors for the trait‐like control of behavioral effort are unknown. Here, we tested associations between IATs measured via the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) and control‐related factors from the Effortful Control Scale (ECS) for adults in a nationally representative online survey of 500 Japanese working adults (analytic sample, N = 463; 274 females, Mage = 46.63 years, SD = 11.58 years). The results of the confirmatory factor analysis for the MAIA showed acceptable model fit for the six‐factor model similar to previous studies with Japanese respondents. Adjusting for the influence of age and gender, partial correlations indicated that the evaluative dimensions of the MAIA were positively correlated with the Inhibitory Control, Activation Control, and Attentional Control factors of the ECS (Pearson's partial rs range .14 to .25, ps < .01). Exploratory multiple regression analysis indicated that the Attention Regulation factor of the MAIA was a statistically significant predictor of effortful control modeled as total score. Taken together, the results were theoretically consistent with previous studies investigating relations with trait‐like factors of personality and mental health indicators for full‐time workers in Japan. Relative to the constructs of awareness, our empirical correlations provide specificity for the construct validity of IATs with trait indicators of effortful control and implications for implementation research.
Dehorning impacts white rhinoceros behaviour less than social events: evidence from Botswana
Authors: Pfannerstill V. , Härdtner R. , Maboga O. S. , Balkenhol N. , Bennitt E. , Scheumann M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDehorning is a conservation measure used to protect rhinoceroses (‘rhinos’) from being poached by removing most of the visible horn and thus reducing the monetary reward for the risk that a poacher takes. Rhinos use their horns in comfort and aggressive social behaviours. The loss of the horn might result in a decrease in aggressive and affiliative behaviours and an increase in avoidance behaviours after dehorning due to a reduced effectiveness and potential discomfort when using the nasal body part. The dehorning procedure, which includes chasing and immobilization, can lead to the separation of groups and might therefore result in fewer social interactions. To estimate whether the stress of the dehorning procedure and the loss of the horn affect the activity budget of the rhino, we compared general activities and horn‐related behaviours before and after dehorning. We observed nine (six females and three males) wild white rhinos (Ceratotherium simum simum) in Botswana for 1 month before and 1 month after dehorning. The proportions of feeding, resting, comfort, aggressive, avoidance and affiliative behaviours did not change significantly within 1 month after dehorning. We observed sex‐specific changes in proportions of locomotion and in vocalization rates, which we linked to the chasing during the procedure and to the social events of two births in the study population. Effects of the dehorning itself seemed to be weak and short‐lived. Our results suggest that dehorning has no major impact on rhino behaviour. However, there is a key need to investigate the effectiveness of dehorning in reducing poaching events.
Flexicurity, education and optimal labour market policies
Authors: Davoine Thomas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe paper provides a theoretical rationale for flexicurity policies, consisting of low employment protection, generous unemployment insurance and active labour market programmes. Education efforts give access to high productivity firms, more likely to survive and thus exposing less their workers to unemployment risk. Activation programmes support reallocation from risky and unproductive to safer and more productive firms, reducing unemployment. Low employment protection can provide incentives for self‐insurance against unemployment risk through education, mitigating the moral hazard cost of unemployment insurance and activation programmes. The paper identifies conditions for flexicurity to be optimal and confronts theoretical predictions to the data.
Unlocking the potential of microbiome editing: A review of conjugation‐based delivery
Authors: Dorado‐Morales Pedro , Lambérioux Morgan , Mazel Didier 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, there has been a rapid increase in the prevalence of multidrug‐resistant pathogens, posing a challenge to modern antibiotic‐based medicine. This has highlighted the need for novel treatments that can specifically affect the target microorganism without disturbing other co‐inhabiting species, thus preventing the development of dysbiosis in treated patients. Moreover, there is a pressing demand for tools to effectively manipulate complex microbial populations. One of the approaches suggested to address both issues was to use conjugation as a tool to modify the microbiome by either editing the genome of specific bacterial species and/or the removal of certain taxonomic groups. Conjugation involves the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another, which opens up the possibility of introducing, modifying or deleting specific genes in the recipient. In response to this proposal, there has been a significant increase in the number of studies using this method for gene delivery in bacterial populations. This MicroReview aims to provide a detailed overview on the use of conjugation for microbiome engineering, and at the same time, to initiate a discussion on the potential, limitations and possible future directions of this approach.
Extended stage duration and diminished fecundity in deltamethrin‐resistant Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834) of the Argentinean Chaco
Authors: Maza Víctor A. , Nattero Julieta , Gaspe M. Sol , Cardinal M. Victoria 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPyrethroid‐resistance is an emergent trait in populations of various insect species. For Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834) (Heteroptera: Reduviidae), the major vector of Chagas disease in the southern part of South America, hotspot areas of pyrethroid‐resistance have recently been found in the Chaco Province of Argentina. Resistant condition can reduce fitness of individuals in the absence of insecticide exposure, that is, fitness costs. We evaluated the existence of developmental and/or reproductive costs in T. infestans collected from two areas of pyrethroid‐resistance in Chaco Province, Argentina. Three toxicological groups were defined from field‐collected insects: susceptible (survival <20%), moderately resistant (survival between 20% and 80%) and highly resistant (survival >80%). Cohorts of the three toxicological groups were followed‐up to study life cycle and reproductive parameters. Additionally, we parameterized matrix population growth models. First and IV nymphal stages of the resistant groups exhibited a longer stage duration than susceptible ones. The reproductive days and hatching success showed significant lower values revealing reproductive costs for the resistant groups. Matrix analysis showed lower population growth rates for the resistant groups. Our results support developmental and reproductive costs for pyrethroid‐resistant individuals. This trait could be interpreted as lower population recovery ability for pyrethroid‐resistant individuals compared to susceptible insects after alternative vector control actions.
Plant immunity suppressor SKRP encodes a novel RNA‐binding protein that targets exon 3′ end of unspliced RNA
Authors: Chen Ling , Xu Zhihui , Huang Jie , Shu Haidong , Hui Yufan , Zhu Danling , Wu Yufeng , Dong Suomeng , Wu Zhe 
Published: September 2023

Summary

The regulatory roles of RNA splicing in plant immunity are emerging but still largely obscure. We reported previously that Phytophthora pathogen effector Avr3c targets a soybean protein SKRP (serine/lysine/arginine‐rich protein) to impair soybean basal immunity by regulating host pre‐mRNA alternative splicing, while the biochemical nature of SKRP remains unknown.

Here, by using Arabidopsis as a model, we studied the mechanism of SKRP in regulating pre‐mRNA splicing and plant immunity.

AtSKRP confers impaired plant immunity against Phytophthora capsici and associates with spliceosome component PRP8 and splicing factor SR45, which positively and negatively regulate plant immunity, respectively. Enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation followed by high‐throughput sequencing (eCLIP‐seq) showed AtSKRP is a novel RNA‐binding protein that targets exon 3′ end of unspliced RNA. Such position‐specific binding of SKRP is associated with its activity in suppressing intron retention, including at positive immune regulatory genes UBP25 and RAR1. In addition, we found AtSKRP self‐interact and forms oligomer, and these properties are associated with its function in plant immunity.

Overall, our findings reveal that the immune repressor SKRP is a spliceosome‐associated protein that targets exon 3′ end to regulate pre‐mRNA splicing in Arabidopsis.
Sandblasting promotes shrub encroachment in arid grasslands
Authors: Niu Furong , Pierce Nathan A. , Okin Gregory S. , Archer Steven R. , Fischella Michael R. , Nadoum Shereen 
Published: September 2023

Summary

Shrub encroachment is a common ecological state transition in global drylands and has myriad adverse effects on grasslands and the services they provide. This physiognomic shift is often ascribed to changes in climate (e.g. precipitation) and disturbance regimes (e.g. grazing and fire), but this remains debated. Aeolian processes are known to impact resource distribution in drylands, but their potential role in grassland‐to‐shrubland state changes has received little attention.

We quantified the effects of ‘sandblasting’ (abrasive damage by wind‐blown soil) on the ecophysiology of dryland grass vs shrub functional types using a portable wind tunnel to test the hypothesis that grasses would be more susceptible to sandblasting than shrubs and, thus, reinforce transitions to shrub dominance in wind‐erodible grasslands when climate‐ or disturbance‐induced reductions in ground cover occur.

Grasses and shrubs responded differently to sandblasting, wherein water‐use efficiency declined substantially in grasses, but only slightly in shrubs, owing to grasses having greater increases in day/nighttime leaf conductance and transpiration.

The differential ecophysiological response to sandblasting exhibited by grass and shrub functional types could consequently alter the vegetation dynamics in dryland grasslands in favour of the xerophytic shrubs. Sandblasting could thus be an overlooked driver of shrub encroachment in wind‐erodible grasslands.
Genome evolution in plants and the origins of innovation
Authors: Clark James W. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryPlant evolution has been characterised by a series of major novelties in their vegetative and reproductive traits that have led to greater complexity. Underpinning this diversification has been the evolution of the genome. When viewed at the scale of the plant kingdom, plant genome evolution has been punctuated by conspicuous instances of gene and whole‐genome duplication, horizontal gene transfer and extensive gene loss. The periods of dynamic genome evolution often coincide with the evolution of key traits, demonstrating the coevolution of plant genomes and phenotypes at a macroevolutionary scale. Conventionally, plant complexity and diversity have been considered through the lens of gene duplication and the role of gene loss in plant evolution remains comparatively unexplored. However, in light of reductive evolution across multiple plant lineages, the association between gene loss and plant phenotypic diversity warrants greater attention.
Saying (Nothing) and Conversational Implicatures
Authors: Tamburini Victor 
Published: September 2023

AbstractI defend an alternative theory of conversational implicatures that does without Grice's notion of making‐as‐if‐to‐say. This theory characterises conversationally implicating thatpas a way to mean thatpby saying thatqor by saying nothing. Cases that Grice's theory cannot capture are captured, and cases that Grice's theory misdescribes are correctly described. A distinction between conversational implicatures and pragmatic inferences from what speakers express is required, as well as a non‐implicature treatment of figurative speech.
Efficacy and safety of anti‐interleukin‐1 in children with colchicine‐resistant familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Erkilet Hatice Kubra , Gezgin Yildirim Deniz , Esmeray Pelin , Söylemezoğlu Oğuz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti‐interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) therapies in colchicine‐resistant pediatric patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF).MethodsIn this study, we retrospectively evaluated 656 children with FMF and 27 patients who had been treated with anti‐IL‐1 therapies (anakinra/canakinumab) . Clinical and laboratory features, MEFV gene mutations, treatment responses were investigated.ResultsTwenty of the patients were treated with anakinra (the treatment of 6 patients who initially used anakinra was switched to canakinumab in the follow‐up period), and 13 patients were treated with canakinumab. Clinical symptom and severity scores decreased in all patients A decrease in acute phase reactants was also observed in patients. A total of 18 (66%) patients had a M694V homozygous mutation, while 24 (89%) patients had a M694V mutation, at least in one allele.ConclusionsFMF patients with colchicine resistance may progress to amyloidosis. IL‐1 antagonist treatment could be used safely with a favorable outcome in pediatric patients with FMF resistance to colchicine therapy and/or who have renal amyloidosis.
Comparison of dwell time and complications between peripheral venous catheters and midline catheters in infants weighing ≥ 1500 g at birth
Authors: Tsunozaki Kinuyo , Suenaga Hideyo , Aoki Mikihiro , Hamaguchi Yo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundNewborns in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) often require infusion therapy immediately after admission. In such cases, the catheter must be selected according to the condition of the neonate. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of a peripheral venous catheter (PVC) in terms of dwell time, number of catheter replacements required, and complication rate with that of a midline catheter (MC) in neonates weighing ≥1500 g and requiring care in a NICU.MethodsThe study had a retrospective observational design and included neonates with a birthweight of ≥1500 g who were admitted to a level III NICU between April 2019 and May 2021 and received infusion therapy via a PVC or MC. Patient, maternal, and infusion‐related data were collected from the medical records. The outcomes were compared between the PVC and MC groups according to type of catheter used.ResultsUnivariate analyses of the infusion‐related data demonstrated that neonates in the MC group (n = 52) had significantly longer dwell times, required fewer catheter replacements, and had a greater probability of completing therapy with less risk of extravasation than those in the PVC group (n = 54).ConclusionThese findings confirm that the MC has advantages over the PVC, including a longer dwell time, fewer catheter replacements, and less risk of extravasation in newborns with a birthweight of ≥1500 g.