bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First metagenomic analysis of the Andean condor (Vultur gryphus) gut microbiome reveals microbial diversity and wide resistome
Authors: Martinez-Hernandez J. Eduardo , Berrios Pablo , Santibáñez Rodrigo , Cuesta Astroz Yesid , Sanchez Carolina , Martin Alberto J. M. , Trombert Annette N. 
Published: July 2023

Background
The Andean condor (Vultur gryphus) is the largest scavenger in South America. This predatory bird plays a crucial role in their ecological niche by removing carcasses. We report the first metagenomic analysis of the Andean condor gut microbiome.

Methods
This work analyzed shotgun metagenomics data from a mixture of fifteen captive Chilean Andean condors. To filter eukaryote contamination, we employed BWA-MEM v0.7. Taxonomy assignment was performed using Kraken2 and MetaPhlAn v2.0 and all filtered reads were assembled using IDBA-UD v1.1.3. The two most abundant species were used to perform a genome reference-guided assembly using MetaCompass. Finally, we performed a gene prediction using Prodigal and each gene predicted was functionally annotated. InterproScan v5.31-70.0 was additionally used to detect homology based on protein domains and KEGG mapper software for reconstructing metabolic pathways.

Results
Our results demonstrate concordance with the other gut microbiome data from New World vultures. In the Andean condor, Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum present, with Clostridium perfringens, a potentially pathogenic bacterium for other animals, as dominating species in the gut microbiome. We assembled all reads corresponding to the top two species found in the condor gut microbiome, finding between 94% to 98% of completeness for Clostridium perfringens and Plesiomonas shigelloides, respectively. Our work highlights the ability of the Andean condor to act as an environmental reservoir and potential vector for critical priority pathogens which contain relevant genetic elements. Among these genetic elements, we found 71 antimicrobial resistance genes and 1,786 virulence factors that we associated with several adaptation processes.
Evaluation of Eucalyptus Clones for Growth and Yield in Southern Region of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Nagarjuna D. , Devipriya A. , Mallikarjun M. , Naveen S. , Jyothi G. L. Siva , Sumathi V. 
Published: July 2023

Eucalyptus is one of the most commonly planted forest species in the world due to its resilience to a variety of climatic and edaphic conditions as well as its use in the paper and pulp industry. The primary factor in the use of species at the farming and commercial levels in agroforestry is the higher productivity the species in a short time of 4-5 years. Superior clones are produced by Eucalyptus clonal trials at several areas, depending on the needs and performance. The present study was carried out to assess the growth and yield performance of Eucalyptus clones in southern region of Andhra Pradesh for identification of promising clones for the region. A clonal trial was established in the year 2012 with 49 clones to assess their suitability in the region. The results of growth performance on evaluation of these clones represents clone BCM-288 (13.9m) recorded higher tree height and the highest value of DBH belonged to clone BCM-23 (42.3 cm). The remaining clones had different ranks of DBH and height increments as compared to mean. The clone BCM-2169 recorded the maximum stem weight (125.8 kg/tree) and total above ground biomass (148.7 kg/tree) among the clones tested and clones BCM- 23 and BCM-571 recorded at par values. The clone BCM-27 recorded the least stem weight, foliage weight and above ground biomass proving to be a least performer among the clones tested. Therefore, in future, these promising clones (BCM-2169, BCM-23 and BCM-571) can be cloned for development and deployment of genetically superior clonal planting stock for reforestation, farming and Agroforestry projects in southern region of Andhra Pradesh.
Alternative Cropping Systems to Mitigate Carbon Dioxide Emission in Rice Fields under Different Nutrient Levels
Authors: Raj Anju B. , John Jacob , Pillai P. Shalini , Meera A. V. , Manju R. V. , Sudha B. 
Published: July 2023

The impact of different cropping systems and nutrient levels on carbon dioxide emission, soil temperature and soil moisture were studied. The experiment was carried out at Integrated Farming System Research Station, Karamana, during kharif, rabi and summer seasons of 2020-2021 in split plot design with five cropping systems as main plots (rice-rice-fallow(C1), rice-rice-sweet potato(C2), rice-sweet potato-amaranthus(C3), rice-(cassava+bush cowpea)-daincha(C4), rice-rice-daincha(C5) and three fertilizer doses as sub plots (F1:Full FYM+Full N+Full P+Full K(As per the recommendation of Kerala Agricultural University), F2:3/4 FYM+3/4 N+3/4 P+Full K and F3 :1/2 FYM+1/2 N+1/2 P + Full K) replicated thrice. Results showed that, during kharif, rabi and summer seasons, F1 (Full FYM+ full N, P, K) recorded the highest CO2 emission (321,331.4 and 322.33 ppm respectively) and the lowest CO2 emission (290.13, 291.06 and 289.20 ppm respectively) was recorded in F3 (½ FYM+ ½ N+ ½ P+ full K). Also, CO2 flux was linearly related with soil temperature.
Virus‐Engineered Microsol Electrospun Scaffold Promotes the Reprogramming of Fibroblasts to Neurons
Authors: Liu Changpeng , Zhang Xiongjinfu , Niu Junjie , Sun Jie , Wang Xinyue , Wang Juan , Chen Chichi , Zhou Xiaozhong , Yang Huilin , Liu Xingzhi , Cui Wenguo , Shi Qin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLentiviral‐vector‐based therapies, widely used for treating various diseases, face limitations because of release burst, rapid clearance, and immune activation. Herein, a lentiviral vector delivery platform is proposed utilizing a virus‐engineered microsol electrospun scaffold. Identifying a remarkable upregulation of polypyrimidine tract binding protein1 (PTB) in spinal cord injury (SCI) rats, a scaffold is constructed comprising a hyaluronic acid (HA) core encapsulating brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and a polydopamine (PDA)‐modified linear poly‐l‐lactic acid (PLLA) shell, with shPTB lentiviral vectors (LV‐shPTB) grafted via PDA. In vitro, the LV‐shPTB achieves an infection efficiency of 70%, and the oriented scaffolds significantly reduce the expression of inflammatory factors, induce the reprogramming of fibroblasts into neurons, and sustain the release of BDNF for over 2 weeks. In vivo, the scaffolds provide physical support and neural guidance, as well as released BDNF and LV‐shPTB. LV‐shPTB delivery leads to the reprogramming of fibroblasts into neurons, and the sustained BDNF delivery maintains the neurons’ proliferation and growth, which further promotes the recovery of neurological function in SCI rats. These results demonstrate the potential application of virus‐engineered delivery platforms in SCI treatment and other medical fields.
Nanovaccine Showing Potent Immunotherapy to Tumor by Activating Γδ T Cells
Authors: Yang Zeyu , Li Liyan , Wei Chengxiu , Liu Hong , Qiao Dongdong , Wen Zhenfu , Chen Haolin , Huang Shanghui , Guo Rui , Yin Zhinan , Liu Lixin , Chen Yongming 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMost vaccines are designed to attack tumor cells by activating CD4+/CD8+ αβ T cells. Unfortunately, αβ T cells, which only recognize the peptide antigens in the complexes with polymorphic MHCI/II molecules, surrender to the tumor heterogenicity. As another subset of T cells, γδ T cells become salient in antitumor because of their unique immunotherapeutic roles. Herein, a tumor vaccine is developed with multivalent antigens by fusion of tumor cell membranes with lipids and successfully activated γδ T cells via microneedle inoculation. It is certified that the evoked γδ T cells synchronize with αβ T cells revitalizing tumor‐induced immunotolerance. In turn, the tumors of mice are significantly inhibited and their median survival time is prolonged considerably. Moreover, the nanovaccine inhibits tumor recurrence after resection. The therapeutic effects are corroborated with the results from TCRδ−/− mice as well as cytokine expression in tumor.
Thermomechanical Plasticization of Fruits and Vegetables Processing Byproducts for the Preparation of Bioplastics
Authors: Merino Danila , Athanassiou Athanassia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractByproducts of the processing of foods are usually non‐edible residues that are typically discarded, even though they contain large amounts of natural polymers with great potential in bioplastics and biocomposites preparation. Herein, a new method of production of vegetable‐waste‐derived biocomposites is developed. It consists of the thermomechanical processing of different residues in the presence of small amounts of water, representing an advancement in the state‐of‐the‐art in the complete conversion of fruit and vegetable biomass into biocomposites. In particular, carrot pomace (CP) is processed by compression molding at different temperatures, pressures, and times. Selected processing conditions are also applied to other food processing byproducts. The morphological, mechanical, barrier, optical, and antioxidant properties of the obtained biocomposites and their interaction with water in terms of moisture content, water solubility, and moisture absorption are reported here. Results indicate that biocomposites obtained by this method present similar properties compared to biocomposites prepared by acid or alkaline hydrolysis of biomass reported in the literature, but still inferior compared to bioplastics currently in the market. Improvements in the materials' interaction with water are highlighted here as the necessary next step to achieving the transition toward greener bioplastics.
Unveiling the Fatigue Behavior of 2D Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites: Insights for Long‐Term Durability
Authors: Kim Doyun , Vasileiadou Eugenia S. , Spanopoulos Ioannis , Wang Xuguang , Yan Jinhui , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Tu Qing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract2D hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are commonly found under subcritical cyclic stresses and suffer from fatigue issues during device operation. However, their fatigue properties remain unknown. Here, the fatigue behavior of (C4H9‐NH3)2(CH3NH3)2Pb3I10, the archetype 2D HOIP, is systematically investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). It is found that 2D HOIPs are much more fatigue resilient than polymers and can survive over 1 billion cycles. 2D HOIPs tend to exhibit brittle failure at high mean stress levels, but behave as ductile materials at low mean stress levels. These results suggest the presence of a plastic deformation mechanism in these ionic 2D HOIPs at low mean stress levels, which may contribute to the long fatigue lifetime, but is inhibited at higher mean stresses. The stiffness and strength of 2D HOIPs are gradually weakened under subcritical loading, potentially as a result of stress‐induced defect nucleation and accumulation. The cyclic loading component can further accelerate this process. The fatigue lifetime of 2D HOIPs can be extended by reducing the mean stress, stress amplitude, or increasing the thickness. These results can provide indispensable insights into designing and engineering 2D HOIPs and other hybrid organic–inorganic materials for long‐term mechanical durability.
Synthesis of β‐Quaternary Lactams Using Photoenzymatic Catalysis
Authors: Turek‐Herman Joshua R. , Rosenberger Mike , Hyster Todd K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractQuaternary carbons are useful motifs in chemical synthesis but can be challenging to prepare using many chemical methods. Here, we report a stereoselective synthesis of β‐quaternary lactams using flavin‐dependent ‘ene’‐reductases via a 5‐exo‐trig radical cyclization. The products are formed in moderate to good levels of enantioselectivity using an ‘ene’‐reductase variant from Zymomonas mobilis. This method highlights the opportunity for biocatalysis to form quaternary centers using non‐natural reactions.
Smart elastomer sanitizer with chemically bonded active compound and on‐demand‐release antimicrobial functionalities
Authors: Teong Siew Ping , Armugam Arunmozhiarasi , Chan Shook Pui , Zhang Yugen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHand or surface sanitizers are all liquid‐based products which can be mainly categorized as alcohol or non‐alcohol based. The constant release of highly persistent disinfectants and chemicals is hazardous to the environment and human health. Herein, a new concept of solid elastomer sanitizer with inherent fast‐killing antimicrobial property is described. Silicone (PDMS) was chosen as the elastomer where the active antimicrobial component of imidazolium polymer (PIM) was carefully modified and incorporated into the PDMS matrix through strong covalent bonds. This chemically bonded antimicrobial component within PDMS acts via release‐on‐demand model which allows for the long‐term reusability of the material. The resulting material can serve as a reusable solid sanitizer that is toxic‐free and skin‐friendly with fast‐killing property. It was proven to sanitize our hands or surfaces and kill microbes within 30–60 s of contact, including ESKAPE pathogens, bacteria, fungi and MS2 bacteriophage. This new concept of solid sanitizer methodology will provide an interesting insight and infinite possibilities for extending to other types of elastomers with suitable or tunable antimicrobial components. This also helps to provide a safer and greener sanitizing model which can dramatically reduce the usage and/or release of disinfectants or harmful chemicals to the environment. The possibilities of extending to other elastomers also widen its potential applications.
Insights from residents under year‐round irrigation restrictions to improve water conservation impacts
Authors: Warner Laura A. , Cardenas Bernardo , Dukes Michael D. , Taylor Nicholas , Irwin Deirdre , Harmon James , Yazdanpanah Masoud , Diaz John M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractYear‐round irrigation water restrictions can be effective water demand management tools if people adhere to them. Awareness and understanding of these regulations have important implications for compliance and long‐term water supply goals. This study quantified irrigation restriction awareness‐knowledge and how‐to knowledge using survey data from residents with automated irrigation systems. Only half of those subject to irrigation restrictions were aware of these regulations; these irrigation restriction aware individuals reported varying perceived allowable watering frequency, implying that misunderstandings exist. Education, living in a homeowners association, hiring specific professionals, and information‐seeking preferences distinguished irrigation restriction aware from unaware individuals. Binary logistic regression revealed that when considered together, race, education, income, hiring a professional for fertilizer application, and living in a homeowner association significantly influence awareness‐knowledge. There are important opportunities to improve conservation outcomes by increasing both awareness and accuracy among target audience members.
Two New Protolimonoids from the Chinese Mangrove Xylocarpus granatum Koenig
Authors: Su Ming‐Zhi , Zhou Zhen‐Fang , Guo Yue‐Wei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTwo new compounds including one apotirucallane protolimonoid, xylogranatriterpin A (1), and one glabretal protolimonoid, xylocarpusin A (2), along with three known related compounds were isolated from the twigs and leaves of the Chinese mangrove Xylocarpus granatum. The apotirucallane xylogranatriterpin A (1) bears an unprecedented 24‐ketal carbon connecting ring E with an epoxide ring. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparison of the spectroscopic data with those reported in the literatures. Plausible biosynthetic pathway to xylogranatriterpin A (1) was also proposed. None of them showed cytotoxic, neuroprotective, or protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity.
A Degron Blocking Strategy Towards Improved CRL4CRBN Recruiting PROTAC Selectivity**
Authors: Bouguenina Habib , Scarpino Andrea , O'Hanlon Jack A. , Warne Justin , Wang Hannah Z. , Wah Hak Laura Chan , Sadok Amine , McAndrew P. Craig , Stubbs Mark , Pierrat Olivier A. , Hahner Tamas , Cabry Marc P. , Le Bihan Yann‐Vaï , Mitsopoulos Costas , Sialana Fernando J. , Roumeliotis Theodoros I. , Burke Rosemary , van Montfort Rob L. M. , Choudhari Jyoti , Chopra Rajesh , Caldwell John J. , Collins Ian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSmall molecules inducing protein degradation are important pharmacological tools to interrogate complex biology and are rapidly translating into clinical agents. However, to fully realise the potential of these molecules, selectivity remains a limiting challenge. Herein, we addressed the issue of selectivity in the design of CRL4CRBN recruiting PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs). Thalidomide derivatives used to generate CRL4CRBN recruiting PROTACs have well described intrinsic monovalent degradation profiles by inducing the recruitment of neo‐substrates, such as GSPT1, Ikaros and Aiolos. We leveraged structural insights from known CRL4CRBN neo‐substrates to attenuate and indeed remove this monovalent degradation function in well‐known CRL4CRBN molecular glues degraders, namely CC‐885 and Pomalidomide. We then applied these design principles on a previously published BRD9 PROTAC (dBRD9‐A) and generated an analogue with improved selectivity profile. Finally, we implemented a computational modelling pipeline to show that our degron blocking design does not impact PROTAC‐induced ternary complex formation. We believe that the tools and principles presented in this work will be valuable to support the development of targeted protein degradation.
Merger of Rotation Restriction and Symmetrical Push‐Pull to Synthesize Single‐Benzene Yellow Fluorophors
Authors: Wang Zimo , Horiguchi Genki , Kamiya Hidehiro , Okada Yohei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Yohei Okada at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology. The image depicts a series of single‐benzene fluorophores. Constructing symmetrical push‐pull motifs in combination with restricting bond rotations is the key to creating small yet brightly emitting fluorophores. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202301411.
Process operation performance assessment of electro‐fused magnesium furnace based on deep auto‐encoder transfer generative adversarial network
Authors: Bu Kaiqing , Liu Yan , Wang Fuli 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe process operation performance assessment (POPA) of the smelting process of electro‐fused magnesium furnaces (EFMFs) plays a very important role for improving production quality and pursuing the highest economic benefit. Most of the existing methods are based on the assumption of abundant labelled training samples. However, the lack of samples for the POPA is a challenging problem in the smelting process of EFMFs. Traditional methods for POPA make it difficult to obtain satisfactory results under small samples. A new deep auto‐encoder transfer generative adversarial network (DAETGAN) based on source domain data is proposed to improve the performance of POPA with small samples in EFMF smelting process. Firstly, a general transfer framework is proposed, in which the data of source domain is used as input to generate adversarial network (GAN), and a large number of images, sound, and current samples are generated with the same distribution as the data of target domain so as to improve the transfer learning effect. Secondly, a POPA model is proposed with the multi‐source heterogeneous information generated by DAETGAN and the original multi‐source heterogeneous information in target domain. Finally, it is verified by experiments that the DAETGAN model can generate data with the same distribution as the original data, and the accuracy of the assessment of operational performance is effectively improved.
Can co‐creating in CSR initiatives influence loyal customers? Evidence from the banking industry
Authors: Kumar T. Praveen , Basavaraj Santosh , Soundarapandiyan K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractConsumers are increasingly pressing organizations to adapt meaningful corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives and seek avenues for co‐creation. Study to investigate if CSR can help co‐creation significantly contributes to the competitive advantage of banks. Many previous pieces of research have recognized CSR as a strategic imperative that may help businesses to build consumer loyalty. To address gaps in the literature based on the social identity theory and theory of social exchange, this article investigates the impact of CSR on consumer loyalty while considering the mediation effect of co‐creation. The data were collected in India, and the sample contained 520 customers of banks. Partial least squares‐structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesis. The study findings show that CSR, directly and indirectly, impacts consumer loyalty through co‐creation. The current study's findings aid banking institutions in determining how to design and implement strategies based on CSR and co‐creation that could eventually result in consumer loyalty.
Trending against the grain: Bird population responses to expanding energy portfolios in the US Northern Great Plains
Authors: van der Burg Max Post , Otto Clint , MacDonald Garrett 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFuture global energy demand may be met through increased extraction of fossil fuels and production of renewable energy such as biofuels. Renewable energy from biofuels is often proposed as an environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels; however, impacts of renewable energy sources on wildlife populations have rarely been evaluated in working landscapes. We used North American Breeding Bird Survey data (1998 to 2021) to assess whether the joint effects of oil and gas and biofuel crop production explained grassland bird population declines. We modeled location‐specific effects of land use on grassland bird habitat use for four grassland bird species (bobolink [Dolichonyx oryzivorus], grasshopper sparrow [Ammodramus savannarum], Savannah sparrow [Passerculus sandwichensis], and western meadowlark [Sturnella neglecta]) in North Dakota, a state experiencing rapid growth in both energy sectors. Our analysis showed that grassland birds responded more negatively to biofuel feedstocks (i.e., corn and soybeans) on the landscape compared with oil and gas development. Furthermore, we found that the effect of feedstocks was not generalizable to other forms of agricultural land use. When combined, these land use changes resulted in distributional shifts of grassland birds, with use by birds being lower in regions dominated by biofuel production, which appears partially responsible for observed abundance trends at the state level. Our results indicate that expansion of oil and gas development has negatively affected habitat use by some grassland birds, but this impact was more localized when compared to biofuel crops. Conservation practitioners may need to adapt their conservation strategies to account for widespread and rapid land use change driven by United States energy policies.
A new species of spider of the genus Sadala Simon, 1880 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from the Yasuni Biosphere Reserve, Amazonian lowlands of Ecuador
Authors: Peñaherrera‐R. Pedro , Cisneros‐Heredia Diego F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe describe a new species of giant crab spider of the genus Sadala Simon, 1880 collected in Lowland Evergreen rainforests at the Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Yasuni Biosphere Reserve, Amazonian Ecuador. This new species corresponds to the first record of the genus from Ecuador. Females of the new species of Sadala are similar to S. punicea and S. nanay, by having the epigyne with a median septum diamond‐shaped posteriorly. The new species is easily distinguished from S. punicea and S. nanay by having relatively straight anterior lateral margins of the median septum. This study increases to 10 the number of described species of Sadala.