bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and marker-trait relationships of functional markers for glutamine synthetase GS1 and GS2 homoeogenes in bread wheat
Authors: Pascual Laura , Solé-Medina Aida , Faci Isabel , Giraldo Patricia , Ruiz Magdalena , Benavente Elena 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
GS1 and GS2 genes encode, respectively, the main cytosolic and the plastidic isoforms of glutamine synthetase (GS). In the present study, the wheat GS1 and GS2 homoeogenes located in the A, B and D genome chromosomes have been sequenced in a group of 15 bread wheat varieties including landraces, old commercial varieties and modern cultivars. Phenotypic characterization by multi-environment field trials detected significant effects of specific GS homoeogenes on three of the seven agronomic and grain quality traits analyzed. Based on the gene sequence polymorphisms found, biallelic molecular markers that could facilitate marker-assisted breeding were developed for genes GS1A, GS2A and GS2D. The remaining genes encoding main wheat GS were excluded because of being monomorphic (GS1D) or too polymorphic (GS1B and GS2B) in the sequencing panel varieties. A collection of 187 Spanish bread wheat landraces was genotyped for these gene-based molecular markers. Data analyses conducted with phenotypic records reported for this germplasm collection in López-Fernández et al. (Plants-Basel 10: 620, 2021) have revealed the beneficial influence of some individual alleles on thousand-kernel weight (TKW), kernels per spike (KS) and grain protein content. Furthermore, genetic interactions between GS1A, a cytosolic GS isoform coding gene, and GS2A or GS2D, plastidic GS enzyme coding genes, were found to affect TKW and KS. The finding that some alleles at one locus may mask the effect of positive alleles at hypostatic GS loci should be kept in mind if gene pyramiding strategies are attempted for the improvement of N-use efficiency-related traits.
Linking processes to community functions—insights into litter decomposition combining fungal metatranscriptomics and environmental NMR profiling
Authors: Guerreiro Marco Alexandre , Kambach Stephan , Stoll Raphael , Brachmann Andreas , Senker Jürgen , Begerow Dominik , Peršoh Derek 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn forest ecosystems, decomposition is essential for carbon and nutrient cycling and therefore a key process for ecosystem functioning. During the decomposition process, litter chemistry, involved decomposer organisms, and enzymatic activity change interdependently. Chemical composition of the litter is the most complex and dynamic component in the decomposition process and therefore challenging to assess holistically. In this study, we aimed to characterize chemical shifts during decomposition and link them to changes in decomposer fungal activity. We characterized the chemical composition of freshly fallen autumn leaves of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and the corresponding leaf litter after 1 year of decomposition by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We further tested the applicability of spiking experiments for qualitative and quantitative characterization of leaves and litter chemistry. The composition and transcriptional activity of fungal communities was assessed by high-throughput Illumina sequencing in the same litter samples. We were able to distinguish freshly fallen leaves from 1-year-old litter based on their chemical composition. Chemical composition of leaves converged among regions with progressing decomposition. Fungal litter communities differed in composition among regions, but they were functionally redundant according to the expression of genes encoding litter degrading enzymes (CAZymes). Fungi of the saprotrophic genera Mycena and Chalara correlated with transcription of litter-degrading CAZymes in 1-year-old litter. Forestry measures influenced the diversity and transcription rate of the detected CAZymes transcripts in litter. Their expression was primarily predicted by composition of the soluble chemical fraction of the litter. Environmental NMR fingerprints thus proved valuable for inferring ecological contexts. We propose and discuss a holistic framework to link fungal activity, enzyme expression, and chemical composition.
Der Zusammenhang von Regeleinhaltung und Lehrkraftfeedback mit der sozialen Akzeptanz von Grundschulkindern. Eine empirische Analyse unter Berücksichtigung von Schulkind-Dyaden
Authors: Spilles Markus , Huber Christian , Nicolay Philipp , König Johannes , Hennemann Thomas 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungPeer-Beziehungen gelten als ein Schlüsselfaktor für die kindliche Entwicklung. Internationale wie nationale Untersuchungen bestätigen, dass insbesondere Kinder mit externalisierenden Verhaltensproblemen schlechter sozial integriert sind als ihre Mitschülerinnen und Mitschüler. Darüber hinaus zeigen vereinzelte Feldstudien außerhalb von Deutschland, dass auch Lehrkraftfeedback die soziale Integration bedingt. Während bisherige Studien meist Verhaltensprobleme durch Lehrkraftbeurteilungen und Lehrkraftfeedback durch Verhaltensbeobachtungen erfassten, basieren die Auswertungen der aktuellen Publikation ausschließlich auf den gegenseitigen Einschätzungen von Schulkindern. Es werden vier Forschungsfragen betrachtet: 1. Gibt es einen Zusammenhang zwischen Regeleinhaltung und sozialer Akzeptanz? 2. Wird der Zusammenhang von Regeleinhaltung und sozialer Akzeptanz durch die Regeleinhaltung des urteilenden Kindes moderiert? 3. Gibt es einen Zusammenhang zwischen Lehrkraftfeedback und sozialer Akzeptanz? 4. Wird der Zusammenhang von Regeleinhaltung bzw. Lehrkraftfeedback und sozialer Akzeptanz durch die Klassenstufenzugehörigkeit moderiert? Analysiert werden Querschnittsdaten von n = 989 Kindern aus 50 zweiten, dritten und vierten Klassen in Nordrhein-Westfalen. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgt anhand einer logistischen Mehrebenen-Regressionsanalyse mit Random-Intercept-Modellen, wobei sowohl die Nestung in Schulklassen als auch die kreuzweise Nestung in insgesamt 17.409 Schulkind-Dyaden Berücksichtigung findet. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen, dass die soziale Akzeptanz eines Kindes sowohl mit der Regeleinhaltung als auch mit dem Lehrkraftfeedback zusammenhängt. Darüber hinaus neigen Schulkinder, die sich selbst gut an die Klassenregeln halten, dazu, auch solche Mitschülerinnen und Mitschüler zu wählen, bei denen sie ebenfalls eine hohe Regelkonformität einschätzen. Der Zusammenhang zwischen sozialer Akzeptanz und Regeleinhaltung bzw. Lehrkraftfeedback scheint sich im Laufe der Jahrgangsstufen zu steigern.
Boys’ motivation profiles in mathematics: relations with contextual factors, wellbeing and engagement in a boys-only school
Authors: Beswick Kim , Watt Helen M. G. , Granziera Helena , Geiger Vince , Fraser Sharon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study examined the extent to which boys fell into clusters comprised of different levels of motivations and costs. In turn, the antecedents of these clusters and associations with engagement and wellbeing outcomes were considered. Based on survey responses from 168 students across Years 5, 7 and 9 from an all-boys' school in Sydney, Australia, three clusters were identified: Positively Engaged, Disengaged, and Struggling Ambitious. Performance-approach and avoidance achievement goals, mastery classroom goal structure, perceived peer valuing of mathematics and teacher enthusiasm differentially predicted profile membership. Clusters were also found to differ in terms of both wellbeing and engagement, such that students within maladaptive profiles evidenced the most negative outcomes. The study reaffirms prior work, holds implications for addressing student motivation in mathematics, and adds to understanding of the interplay of individual and classroom goal structures in relation to students’ mathematics expectancies, values and resultant outcomes.
Surgery Matters: Progress in Surgical Management of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Beyer Katharina 
Published: January 2023

Opinion statementThe surgical treatment of gastric carcinoma has progressed significantly in the past few decades. A major milestone was the establishment of multimodal therapies for locally advanced tumours. Improvements in the technique of endoscopic resection have supplanted surgery in the early stages of many cases of gastric cancer. In cases in which an endoscopic resection is not possible, surgical limited resection procedures for the early stages of carcinoma are an equal alternative to gastrectomy in the field of oncology. Proximal gastrectomy is extensively discussed in this context. Whether proximal gastrectomy leads to a better quality of life and better nutritional well-being than total gastrectomy depends on the reconstruction chosen. The outcome cannot be conclusively assessed at present. For locally advanced stages, total or subtotal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy is now the global standard. A subtotal gastrectomy requires sufficiently long tumour-free proximal resection margins. Recent data indicate that proximal margins of at least 3 cm for tumours with an expansive growth pattern and at least 5 cm for those with an infiltrative growth pattern are sufficient. The most frequently performed reconstruction worldwide following gastrectomy is the Roux-en-Y reconstruction. However, there is evidence that pouch reconstruction is superior in terms of quality of life and nutritional well-being. Oncological gastric surgery is increasingly being performed laparoscopically. The safety and oncological equivalency were first demonstrated for early carcinomas and then for locally advanced tumours, by cohort studies and RCTs. Some studies suggest that laparoscopic procedures may be advantageous in early postoperative recovery. Robotic gastrectomy is also increasing in use. Preliminary results suggest that robotic gastrectomy may have added value in lymphadenectomy and in the early postoperative course. However, further studies are needed to substantiate these results. There is an ongoing debate about the best treatment option for gastric cancer with oligometastatic disease. Preliminary results indicate that certain patient groups could benefit from resection of the primary tumour and metastases following chemotherapy. However, the exact conditions in which patients may benefit have yet to be confirmed by ongoing trials.
Management of Fatigue in Patients with Advanced Cancer
Authors: Stone Patrick , Candelmi Diego Ezequiel , Kandola Kerran , Montero Ligia , Smetham Dom , Suleman Sahil , Fernando Asanga , Rojí Rocío 
Published: January 2023

Opinion statementFatigue is a common and distressing symptom experienced by patients with cancer. It is most common in patients with locally advanced or metastatic incurable disease. It can have profound effects on quality-of-life and physical functioning. In addition to general supportive measures (directed at tackling contributory conditions and comorbidities), a variety of specific interventions have been developed which can be broadly categorised as physical therapies, psychological therapies or medication. There is some evidence that each of these approaches can have benefits in patients with earlier stage disease, those undergoing active treatment and in cancer survivors. The best evidence is for aerobic exercise, yoga, cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and psycho-educational interventions. Less strong evidence supports the use of medications such as methylphenidate or ginseng. In patients with advanced disease, it is likely that the mechanisms of fatigue or the factors contributing to fatigue maintenance may be different. Relatively fewer studies have been undertaken in this group and the evidence is correspondingly weaker. The authors recommend the cautious use of aerobic exercise (e.g. walking) in those who are still mobile. The authors advise considering the use of psycho-educational approaches or CBT in those patients who are able to engage in such forms of therapy. In patients near the end-of-life, the authors advise use of dexamethasone (short-term use) and other pharmacological treatments only on the basis of a clinical trial.
Gene Modulation with CRISPR-based Tools in Human iPSC-Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Han Julie Leann , Entcheva Emilia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Precise control of gene expression (knock-out, knock-in, knockdown or overexpression) is at the heart of functional genomics – an approach to dissect the contribution of a gene/protein to the system’s function. The development of a human in vitro system that can be patient-specific, induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSC, and the ability to obtain various cell types of interest, have empowered human disease modeling and therapeutic development. Scalable tools have been deployed for gene modulation in these cells and derivatives, including pharmacological means, DNA-based RNA interference and standard RNA interference (shRNA/siRNA). The CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system, borrowed from bacteria and adopted for use in mammalian cells a decade ago, offers cell-specific genetic targeting and versatility. Outside genome editing, more subtle, time-resolved gene modulation is possible by using a catalytically “dead” Cas9 enzyme linked to an effector of gene transcription in combination with a guide RNA. The CRISPRi / CRISPRa (interference/activation) system evolved over the last decade as a scalable technology for performing functional genomics with libraries of gRNAs. Here, we review key developments of these approaches and their deployment in cardiovascular research. We discuss specific use with iPSC-cardiomyocytes and the challenges in further translation of these techniques.
Graphical Abstract
Visfatin induces ovarian cancer resistance to anoikis by regulating mitochondrial activity
Authors: Gogola-Mruk Justyna , Tworzydło Wacław , Krawczyk Kinga , Marynowicz Weronika , Ptak Anna 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Ovarian cancer is characterized by recurrent peritoneal and distant metastasis. To survive in a non-adherent state, floating ovarian cancer spheroids develop mechanisms to resist anoikis. Moreover, ascitic fluid from ovarian cancer patients contains high levels of visfatin with anti-apoptotic properties. However, the mechanism by which visfatin induces anoikis resistance in ovarian cancer spheroids remains unknown. Here, we aimed to assess wheather visfatin which possess anti-apoptotic properties can induce resistance of anoikis in ovarian cancer spheroids.

Methods
Visfatin synthesis were examined using a commercial human visfatin ELISA Kit. Spheroid were exposed to visfatin and cell viability and caspase 3/7 activity were measured using CellTiter-Glo 3D cell viability assay and Caspase-Glo® 3/7 Assay System. mRNA and protein expression were analyzed by Real-time PCR and Western Blot analysis, respectively. Analysis of mitochondrial activity was estimated by JC-1 staining.

Results
First, our results suggested higher expression and secretion of visfatin by epithelial than by granulosa ovarian cells, and in non-cancer tissues versus cancer tissues. Interestingly, visfatin increased the proliferation/apoptosis ratio in ovarian cancer spheroids. Specifically, both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of anoikis were regulated by visfatin. Moreover, the effect of the visfatin inhibitor (FK866) was opposite to that of visfatin. Furthermore, both NAMPT and FK866 affected mitochondrial activity in ovarian cancer cells.

Conclusion
In conclusion, visfatin acts as an anti-apoptotic factor by regulating mitochondrial activity, leading to anoikis resistance in ovarian cancer spheroids. The finding suggest visfatin as a potential novel therapeutic target for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma with peritoneal dissemination.
TOP2A Expression in Pheochromocytoma and Abdominal Paraganglioma: a Marker of Poor Clinical Outcome?
Authors: Solhusløkk Höse Karolina , Stenman Adam , Svahn Fredrika , Larsson Catharina , Juhlin C. Christofer 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPheochromocytoma and abdominal paraganglioma (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors originating from chromaffin cells. Even though only 10–15% of the tumors metastasize, all PPGLs are considered potentially malignant. Topoisomerase 2A (TOP2A) is a protein involved in cell proliferation and has been found to be over-expressed in metastatic PPGL. To provide support whether TOP2A could serve as a prognostic marker, 88 PPGLs (of which 8 metastatic/relapsing) and 10 normal adrenal gland samples were assessed for TOP2A mRNA expression using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and TOP2A immunohistochemistry. Comparisons to clinical parameters connected to metastatic behavior were made, and The Cancer Genome Atlas was used for validation of the results. A significant association between high TOP2A mRNA expression in primary PPGL and subsequent metastatic events (p = 0.008) was found, as well as to specific histological features and clinical parameters connected to metastatic behavior and mutations in SDHB. TOP2A immunoreactivity was calculated as an index of positive nuclei divided by the total amount of nuclei, and this index associated with TOP2A mRNA levels (p = 0.023) as well as the Ki-67 labeling index (p = 0.001). To conclude, TOP2A is a potential prognostic marker as it is frequently elevated in PPGL displaying subsequent metastatic disease, and future studies in larger cohorts are warranted to determine if a TOP2A index as assessed by immunohistochemistry could be a marker of poor outcome. Additionally, elevated levels of TOP2A could indicate a potential actionable event, and future studies with topoisomerase inhibitors would be of interest.
Effect of scan-time shortening on the 11C-PHNO binding potential to dopamine D3 receptor in humans and test–retest reliability
Authors: Matsunaga Keiko , Tonomura Misato , Abe Kohji , Shimosegawa Eku 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective
11C-PHNO is a PET radioligand most specific to dopamine D3 receptor (D3R). The long scan duration of 120 min used in quantification of 11C-PHNO binding to D3R in previous studies is challenging to subjects. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of shorter scan times on the binding of 11C-PHNO to D3R and test–retest reliability using the latest digital whole-body PET system.

Methods
Two 120-min 11C-PHNO brain scans were performed in 7 healthy subjects using a digital whole-body PET/CT. The binding potential relative to non-displaceable tracer in the tissue (BPND) of D3R-rich regions: the pallidum, ventral striatum (VST), substantia nigra (SN) and hypothalamus, were quantified using the simplified reference tissue model. The bias, correlation, and test–retest reliability of BPND, which includes the test–retest variability (TRV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), were evaluated and compared between scans of shorter durations (40–110 min post-injection) and the original 120-min scan acquisitions.

Results
Progressively, shorter scan durations were associated with underestimation of BPND, slightly decreased correlation with 120-min derived BPND, and decrease in test–retest reliability. The BPND values of the pallidum, VST and SN from the shortened 90-min scans showed excellent correlation with those derived from the 120-min scans (determination coefficients > 0.98), and the bias within 5%. The test–retest reliability of BPND in these regions derived from 90-min scan (TRV of 3% in the VST and pallidum, 7% in the SN and the ICC exceeded 0.88) was comparable to those obtained in previous 120-min studies using brain-dedicated PET scanners. In the hypothalamus, the BPND values obtained from scan-time less than 110 min showed bias larger than 5% and the TRV more than 9%.

Conclusion
The scan-time shortening causes bias and decreasing test–retest reliability of 11C-PHNO BPND. However, in the whole-body PET system, 90-min scan duration was sufficient for estimating the 11C-PHNO BPND in the D3R-rich striatum and SN with small bias and at the test–retest reliability comparable to those derived from 120-min scans using the brain-dedicated PET systems.
Phylogenetic, Developmental and Functional Aspects of Stomatal Patterning: Lessons from Magnoliids
Authors: Rudall Paula J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe magnoliid clade encompasses 18 extant families arranged in four orders, plus several extinct taxa, including some of the most ancient angiosperm fossils. The clade is characterized by paracytic stomata with a distinct pair of lateral subsidiary cells that flank the guard cells, though other stomatal types are also reported, including anomocytic and anisocytic. In contrast with monocots, the paracytic stomata of magnoliids develop from linear triads, and the lateral subsidiary cells are stomatal-lineage ground cells (SLGCs). Anisocytic stomata typically possess three SLGCs. Amplifying divisions are rare in magnoliids, but occur in some Piperales, in association with anisocytic stomata. Differences in mature stomatal types result from differences in cell shape and polarity at critical developmental stages. Stomatal clusters have been reported in Cinnamomum (Lauraceae) and Galbulimima (Himantandraceae), but neither are apparently formed by amplifying divisions, in contrast with eudicots. In Galbulimima, each peltate scale hair is surrounded by a ring of 3–8 non-contiguous stomata, each derived from different initial meristemoids.
Implications of Post-recanalization Perfusion Deficit After Acute Ischemic Stroke: a Scoping Review of Clinical and Preclinical Imaging Studies
Authors: van der Knaap Noa , Franx Bart A. A. , Majoie Charles B. L. M. , van der Lugt Aad , Dijkhuizen Rick M. ,   on behalf of the CONTRAST consortium
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The goal of reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is to restore cerebral blood flow through recanalization of the occluded vessel. Unfortunately, successful recanalization does not always result in favorable clinical outcome. Post-recanalization perfusion deficits (PRPDs), constituted by cerebral hypo- or hyperperfusion, may contribute to lagging patient recovery rates, but its clinical significance remains unclear. This scoping review provides an overview of clinical and preclinical findings on post-ischemic reperfusion, aiming to elucidate the pattern and consequences of PRPD from a translational perspective. The MEDLINE database was searched for quantitative clinical and preclinical studies of AIS reporting PRPD based on cerebral circulation parameters acquired by translational tomographic imaging methods. PRPD and stroke outcome were mapped on a charting table, creating an overview of PRPD after AIS. Twenty-two clinical and twenty-two preclinical studies were included. Post-recanalization hypoperfusion is rarely reported in clinical studies (4/22) but unequivocally associated with detrimental outcome. Post-recanalization hyperperfusion is more commonly reported (18/22 clinical studies) and may be associated with positive or negative outcome. PRPD has been replicated in animal studies, offering mechanistic insights into causes and consequences of PRPD and allowing delineation of possible courses of PRPD. Complex relationships exist between PRPD and stroke outcome. Diversity in methods and lack of standardized definitions in reperfusion studies complicate the characterization of reperfusion patterns. Recommendations are made to advance the understanding of PRPD mechanisms and to further disentangle the relation between PRPD and disease outcome.