bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Hydrogenous Gas Injection on the Blast Furnace Process: A Numerical Investigation
Authors: Mauret Florent , Baniasadi Mehdi , Saxén Henrik , Feiterna Andreas , Hojda Stephan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntensifying hydrogen use in the blast furnace is a key technology for significant coke and CO2 emissions reductions. The most straightforward approach is the implementation of high hydrogenous gas injection rates in the BF tuyeres. Yet this solution has not been widely implemented due to a lack of understanding of the impact on the furnace’s internal state. In this paper, a newly developed BF mathematical model is presented and validated on operation data. The model is next applied to investigate the effect of hydrogenous gas injection on the overall performance and internal state of the furnace. The current state of an industrial BF is used as a starting point, increasing the injection of coke oven gas, natural gas or pure H2 to the maximum where the limits for a safe and stable process are still obeyed. All three gases were found capable of significantly decreasing the coke rate, but only coke oven gas and pure H2 allowed for a significant reduction of the CO2 emissions. It was found that the indirect reduction of H2 is intensified by hydrogen enrichment partially at the expense of indirect reduction by CO. Furthermore, the water gas shift reaction is intensified at increased hydrogenous gas injection, affecting the CO and H2 utilization of the top gas. The study gives an insight into the feasibility of BF processes with high hydrogenous gases injection into the tuyeres and the resulting coke savings.
Effect of Pr3+ Addition on the Electrical Properties of 0.94(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-0.06(Ba0.9Ca0.1)TiO3 Ceramic Obtained by Pechini Method
Authors: Villanueva-Vega Eric , Pradal-Velázquez Emilio , González Federico , Vivar-Ocampo Rodrigo , Díaz-Trujillo Gerardo-César , Reyes-Montero Armando 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe influence of Pr3+ addition on the structure and electrical properties of (Bi,Na)TiO3-(Ba,Ca)TiO3 solid solution was investigated. In this work, 0.94(Bi0.5−xNa0.5)TiO3-0.06(Ba0.9Ca0.1)TiO3:xPr3+ (BNBCT6:xPr) with x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 mol% ceramics were prepared via a polymeric complex synthesis (Pechini method). Optimal sintering parameters were chosen in order to obtain dense ceramic microstructures. X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of a perovskite-like structure in all the synthetized powders and sintered samples. As Pr3+ content increased, a large reduction in grain size was observed. BNBCT6:xPr ceramics showed a phase transition from the field-induced ferroelectric to the relaxor phase at ~ 110 °C and a local maximum around 250 °C. Dielectric permittivity was reduced as Pr3+ doping increased. For x = 0.5 mol%, maximum piezoelectric values (d33 = 115 pC/N, − d31 = 27 pC/N, kp = 25%, and kt = 34%) were obtained, while for x = 0.7 mol%, ferroelectric characteristics (Pr = 14 µC/cm2, and Ec = 34.7 kV/cm) were enhanced. Bulk conductivities extracted from the impedance spectra for BNBCT6:xPr were low, consistent with the insulating characteristic of (Bi,Na)TiO3. The achieved electrical properties suggest that BNBCT6:xPr ceramics are a potential candidate for energy transition applications.
Loop coproduct in Morse and Floer homology
Authors: Cieliebak Kai , Hingston Nancy , Oancea Alexandru 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBy a well-known theorem of Viterbo, the symplectic homology of the cotangent bundle of a closed manifold is isomorphic to the homology of its loop space. In this paper, we extend the scope of this isomorphism in several directions. First, we give a direct definition of Rabinowitz loop homology in terms of Morse theory on the loop space and prove that its product agrees with the pair-of-pants product on Rabinowitz Floer homology. The proof uses compactified moduli spaces of punctured annuli. Second, we prove that, when restricted to positive Floer homology, resp. loop space homology relative to the constant loops, the Viterbo isomorphism intertwines various constructions of secondary pair-of-pants coproducts with the loop homology coproduct. Third, we introduce reduced loop homology, which is a common domain of definition for a canonical reduction of the loop product and for extensions of the loop homology coproduct which together define the structure of a commutative cocommutative unital infinitesimal anti-symmetric bialgebra. Along the way, we show that the Abbondandolo–Schwarz quasi-isomorphism going from the Floer complex of quadratic Hamiltonians to the Morse complex of the energy functional can be turned into a filtered chain isomorphism using linear Hamiltonians and the square root of the energy functional.
Reflections on Putting AI Ethics into Practice: How Three AI Ethics Approaches Conceptualize Theory and Practice
Authors: Bleher Hannah , Braun Matthias 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCritics currently argue that applied ethics approaches to artificial intelligence (AI) are too principles-oriented and entail a theory–practice gap. Several applied ethical approaches try to prevent such a gap by conceptually translating ethical theory into practice. In this article, we explore how the currently most prominent approaches of AI ethics translate ethics into practice. Therefore, we examine three approaches to applied AI ethics: the embedded ethics approach, the ethically aligned approach, and the Value Sensitive Design (VSD) approach. We analyze each of these three approaches by asking how they understand and conceptualize theory and practice. We outline the conceptual strengths as well as their shortcomings: an embedded ethics approach is context-oriented but risks being biased by it; ethically aligned approaches are principles-oriented but lack justification theories to deal with trade-offs between competing principles; and the interdisciplinary Value Sensitive Design approach is based on stakeholder values but needs linkage to political, legal, or social governance aspects. Against this background, we develop a meta-framework for applied AI ethics conceptions with three dimensions. Based on critical theory, we suggest these dimensions as starting points to critically reflect on the conceptualization of theory and practice. We claim, first, that the inclusion of the dimension of affects and emotions in the ethical decision-making process stimulates reflections on vulnerabilities, experiences of disregard, and marginalization already within the AI development process. Second, we derive from our analysis that considering the dimension of justifying normative background theories provides both standards and criteria as well as guidance for prioritizing or evaluating competing principles in cases of conflict. Third, we argue that reflecting the governance dimension in ethical decision-making is an important factor to reveal power structures as well as to realize ethical AI and its application because this dimension seeks to combine social, legal, technical, and political concerns. This meta-framework can thus serve as a reflective tool for understanding, mapping, and assessing the theory–practice conceptualizations within AI ethics approaches to address and overcome their blind spots.
Double-sided self-pierce riveting: rivet geometry optimization
Authors: Afonso Rafael M. , Alves Luís M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractImportant developments have been achieved for self-pierce riveting with the utilization of a double-sided tubular rivet that is able to join sheets of similar and dissimilar materials with different and larger thicknesses, while remaining hidden in-between the sheets after the joining process is completed. Nevertheless, the performance of those joints can still be improved by an optimization of the rivet parameters, mainly the chamfered angle of the rivet ends and the ratio between the initial height and thickness of the rivet. In this paper, the correct parameter combination is established by the performance of the obtained joint to shear destructive tests, the requirements of force and energy, as well as the dimension of the protuberance produced above the sheets surface. The influence of the introduction of an additional rivet in the overall performance of the mechanical joint is also discussed. Joints of different thinner and thicker sheets are analysed, as well as the combination between those thicknesses, to extend the range of applications of the new joining by forming process.
A comparative analysis of the CP and CG using 2D and 3D visualisation approaches
Authors: Boulton Matthew , Kwa Faith , Al-Rubaie Ali 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInvestigations on the structural variations in the cribriform plate (CP), olfactory foramina and the Crista Galli showcase the benefits of using 3D imaging on smaller structures. These techniques reveal accurate details about bone morphology and density. Comparing different techniques, this project aims to examine the correlation between the CP, olfactory foramina, and Crista Galli. Computed tomography was used to translate and apply the findings acquired from the samples in radiographic studies on CPs for potential clinical significance. The findings show that the surface area measurements were significantly larger when using 3D imaging techniques in comparison with the 2D counterpart. Using 2D imaging, the maximum surface area of the CPs was 239.54 mm2, however, paired 3D samples showed the maximum surface area was 355.51 mm2. The findings show that Crista Galli’s dimensions varied greatly, with length ranging from 15 to 26 mm, height ranging from 5 to 18 mm, and width ranging from 2 to 7 mm. The 3D imaging allowed for surface area measurements on the Crista Galli, and the surface area ranged from 130 to 390 mm2. When 3D imaging was used, significant correlations were found between the surface area of the CP and the length of the Crista Galli (p = 0.001). The findings show that measurements on the Crista Galli using 2D and 3D reconstructed radiographic imaging reflect similar ranges of dimensions to 3D imaging measurements. The findings also suggest that the Crista Galli may increase in length with the CP to support the latter and olfactory bulb during trauma which may be used by clinicians alongside 2D CT scans for optimal diagnosis.
The role of leisure-time physical activity in youth for lifelong activity—a latent profile analysis with retrospective life course data
Authors: Lenze Lars , Klostermann Claudia , Schmid Julia , Lamprecht Markus , Nagel Siegfried 
Published: May 2023

AbstractConsidering the positive health effects of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), youth is an important life stage to promote lifelong LTPA. However, the stability of LTPA over the life course is low, and specific predictors of LTPA in youth for lifelong activity have some shortcomings, e.g. neglecting the interacting factors of LTPA within individuals. Therefore, from a person-oriented approach, patterns of LTPA behaviour in youth considering time- and context-related aspects and their relationships with lifelong LTPA were investigated. Life course data from n = 1519 Swiss inhabitants aged between 25 and 76 years were recorded retrospectively using a validated questionnaire (CATI method). Latent profile analyses were used to find the optimal profile solution and for the association with lifelong LTPA auxiliary conditional effect models (controlled for age) were applied. Six distinct patterns emerged. Overall, mostly inactive youth are also the least active in adulthood, whereas several other patterns are associated with a mainly continuous LTPA throughout adulthood. More precisely, multiple constellations in youth occurred to be physically active in at least 80% of the years in adulthood: (1) early starters regarding LTPA in a rather self-organised setting but not with many different LTPAs; (2) late entrants with a variety of different activities and organisational settings; or (3) a high expression in every variable investigated. Consequently, there is not just one type of LTPA behaviour in youth linked to lifelong activity, which indicates that certain aspects of LTPA in youth can be compensated by each other. Implications for LTPA promotion can be derived.
Hyperthermia promotes M1 polarization of macrophages via exosome-mediated HSPB8 transfer in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Xu Di , Liu Zhen , Liang Ming-Xing , Chen Wen-Quan , Fei Yin‑Jiao , Yang Su-Jin , Wu Yang , Zhang Wei , Tang Jin-Hai 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the mechanism underlying the modulation of M1 macrophage polarization by exosomes released from hyperthermia-treated triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells.

Materials and methods
In this study, the effects of hyperthermia on TNBC cells were examined using cell counting kit-8, apoptosis, and cell cycle assays. Transmission electron microscopy was used to identify the structure of exosomes, while bicinchoninic acid and nanoparticle tracking analysis were used to detect particle size and amounts of exosomes released after hyperthermia. The polarization of macrophages incubated with exosomes derived by hyperthermia-pretreated TNBC cells were assessed by RT-qPCR and flow cytometry analysis. Next, RNA sequencing was performed to determine the targeting molecules changed in hyperthermia-treated TNBC cells in vitro. Finally, the mechanism underlying the modulation of macrophage polarization by exosomes derived from hyperthermia-treated TNBC cells was examined by using RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis.

Results
Hyperthermia markedly reduced cell viability in TNBC cells and promoted the secretion of TNBC cell-derived exosomes. The hub genes of hyperthermia-treated TNBC cells were significantly correlated with macrophage infiltration. Additionally, hyperthermia-treated TNBC cell-derived exosomes promoted M1 macrophage polarization. Furthermore, the expression levels of heat shock proteins, including HSPA1A, HSPA1B, HSPA6, and HSPB8, were significantly upregulated upon hyperthermia treatment, with HSPB8 exhibiting the highest upregulation. Moreover, hyperthermia can induce M1 macrophage polarization by promoting exosome-mediated HSPB8 transfer.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated a novel mechanism that hyperthermia can induce M1 polarization of macrophages via exosome-mediated HSPB8 transfer. These results will help with future development of an optimized hyperthermia treatment regime for clinical application, especially for combination treatment with immunotherapy.
Optical music recognition for homophonic scores with neural networks and synthetic music generation
Authors: Alfaro-Contreras María , Iñesta José M. , Calvo-Zaragoza Jorge 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe recognition of patterns that have a time dependency is common in areas like speech recognition or natural language processing. The equivalent situation in image analysis is present in tasks like text or video recognition. Recently, Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks (CRNN) have been broadly applied to solve these tasks in an end-to-end fashion with successful performance. However, its application to Optical Music Recognition (OMR) is not so straightforward due to the presence of different elements sharing the same horizontal position, disrupting the linear flow of the timeline. In this paper, we study the ability of the state-of-the-art CRNN approach to learn codes that represent this disruption in homophonic scores. In our experiments, we study the lower bounds in the recognition task of real scores when the models are trained with synthetic data. Two relevant conclusions are drawn: (1) Our serialized ways of encoding the music content are appropriate for CRNN-based OMR; (2) the learning process is possible with synthetic data, but there exists a glass ceiling when recognizing real sheet music.
A particle swarm optimization algorithm based on diversity-driven fusion of opposing phase selection strategies
Authors: Xu Jiucheng , Xu Shihui , Zhang Lei , Zhou Changshun , Han Ziqin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOpposition-based learning (OBL) is often embedded in intelligent optimization algorithms to solve practical engineering and mathematical problems, but the combinatorial problems among different OBL variants are rarely studied. To this end, we propose a novel OBL variant based on the principle of optical imaging, which combines two novel types of quasi-opposite learning and extended opposite learning, called diversity-driven fused opposition learning (SQOBL). First, a density center based on a neighborhood model is proposed. Based on the rapid convergence of the centroid, combined the advantages of density and centroid to construct a double mean center (DMC) to replace the original center point in quasi-opposite learning based on the principle of refraction. Secondly, an extended opposite learning method based on optical refraction imaging is proposed. Diversity is then exploited to drive different opposing learning strategies at different stages of evolution, thus controlling the exploration and utilization of the algorithm. Finally, SQOBL was embedded in the PSO with eight others representative OBL variants to find the most optimal solution for a test suite. In addition, 8 novel intelligent optimization algorithms and the first three algorithms were selected to evaluate the performance of the latest CEC2022 benchmark test set and realistic constrained optimization problems. Experiments with 56 test functions and 3 real-world constraint optimization problems show that the proposed SQOBL has good integrative properties in CEC2015, CEC2017, CEC2020, and CEC2022 test suites.
The impact of labour market shocks on mental health: evidence from the Covid-19 first wave
Authors: Bogliacino Francesco , Codagnone Cristiano , Folkvord Frans , Lupiáñez-Villanueva Francisco 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, we estimate the effect of a negative labour market shock on individuals’ levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. We use a dataset collected during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic, on a representative sample of citizens from Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom, interviewed on three occasions. We measure stress, anxiety and depression and labour shocks using validated scales. Our research design is a standard difference-in-differences model: we leverage the differential timing of shocks to identify the impact on mental health. In our estimations, a negative labour shock increases the measure of stress, anxiety, and depression by 16% of a standard deviation computed from the baseline.
Additively Manufactured 2D Matrix Code Direct Part-Marking Casting Requirements
Authors: Uyan Tekin Ç. , Jalava Kalle , Orkas Juhani , Otto Kevin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDirect part-markings (DPMs) can be formed into metal castings, using additively manufactured two-dimensional matrix encoded tags (AM2D) placed in a sand or shell mold. It has been unclear how thin a part can be and yet form a readable DPM. There must be sufficient molten metal to burn away the tag, and sufficient feeding pressure to form the 2D matrix code dot pattern. Here the formability limit for the casting of any AM2D (polymer) tag is shown to be the smallest heat energy from the latent heat of condensation needed to raise the temperature of the tag to ignition to burn the tag from the mold. The minimal part thickness that can be utilized is thereby derived. The minimum thickness is calculated to predict a part of various materials and compared positively with experiments. This provides a means to compute required part metal thickness to positively form a DPM tag before casting.
Maritime transport and regional climate change impacts in large EU islands and archipelagos
Authors: Zittis George , Ahrens Bodo , Obermann-Hellhund Anika , Giannakis Elias , Risto Danny , Agulles Gamez Miguel , Jorda Gabriel , Quesada Peña Mónica , Lora Rodríguez Veronica , Guersi Sauret Jose Luis , Lionello Piero , Briche Elodie , Collignan Julie , Grätz Matthias , Arikas Damian , Stylianou Constantinos , Neophytou Haris , Serghides Despina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMaritime transport is a vital sector for global trade and the world economy. Particularly for islands, there is also an important social dimension of this sector, since island communities strongly rely on it for a connection with the mainland and the transportation of goods and passengers. Furthermore, islands are exceptionally vulnerable to climate change, as the rising sea level and extreme events are expected to induce severe impacts. Such hazards are anticipated to also affect the operations of the maritime transport sector by affecting either the port infrastructure or ships en route. The present study is an effort to better comprehend and assess the future risk of maritime transport disruption in six European islands and archipelagos, and it aims at supporting regional to local policy and decision-making. We employ state-of-the-art regional climate datasets and the widely used impact chain approach to identify the different components that might drive such risks. Larger islands (e.g., Corsica, Cyprus and Crete) are found to be more resilient to the impacts of climate change on maritime operations. Our findings also highlight the importance of adopting a low-emission pathway, since this will keep the risk of maritime transport disruption similar to present levels or even slightly decreased for some islands because of an enhanced adaptation capacity and advantageous demographic changes.
Das Mikrobiom der Frau
Authors: Feigl Sarah 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDer menschliche Körper wird von Milliarden Mikroorganismen besiedelt. In den verschiedenen Körperregionen wie Mundhöhle, Darm, Genitalbereich oder Haut herrschen unterschiedliche Umgebungsbedingungen, die durch spezifische Mikroorganismen in Zusammenarbeit mit Körperfunktionen wie Immunreaktion und Zellfunktionen reguliert werden. Diese hochspezifischen Bedingungen, zusammen mit den vorherrschenden Mikroorganismen und Molekülen, nennt man „Mikrobiom“. Dieses Mikrobiom verändert sich im Laufe des Lebens und ist bei Frauen den hormonellen Veränderungen unterschiedlicher Körperregionen unterworfen. Besonders das Darm- und vaginale Mikrobiom sind in dieser Hinsicht gut untersucht. Bei der Geburt werden Gastrointestinaltrakt, Haut und Genitalbereich durch Mikroorganismen besiedelt. In den ersten Lebensjahren wird das Darmmikrobiom geformt. Das vaginale Mikrobiom wird ab der Pubertät durch Lactobacillus spp. dominiert, die für die reproduktive Gesundheit der Frau eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Mit zunehmendem Alter nimmt die Vielfalt der Mikroorganismen im Darm ab und nach der Menopause im Genitalbereich wieder zu. Unabhängig von der Körperregion ist das Mikrobiom ein individueller Fingerabdruck, der durch genetische Prädisposition, Umweltbedingungen und Lebensalter geformt wird.
Seismic response modification, over-strength, and displacement amplification factors of steel special truss moment frames
Authors: Nekouei Ghazal , Vatani Oskouei Asghar , Gharehbaghi Sadjad , Plevris Vagelis 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the seismic design parameters of steel special truss moment frames (STMFs), including the response modification factor (R), over-strength factor (Ω) and displacement modification factor (Cd) are evaluated for two performance levels, namely life safety (LS) and collapse prevention (CP). The effects of geometrical dimensions of the special segment located at the middle part of truss girder and the number of stories are investigated. Twelve steel STMFs with 3, 5, 7, and 9 stories with three bays are considered to evaluate the parameters. In addition, three special segment lengths are considered for each STMF. The truss-girder members are made of hollow structural sections (HSSs) and W-sections are used for columns, which are designed based on ASCE7-16 recommendations. The results show that the number of stories and the different special segment lengths affect the seismic parameters significantly. Moreover, the values obtained forR,ΩandCdshow some differences compared to the ones recommended by ASCE7-16.