bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The reliability and validity of the restoration difficulty evaluation system tool for assessing the restoration of endodontically treated teeth: A pilot study
Authors: Mahajan Angad , Nawal Ruchika Roongta , Talwar Sangeeta , Verma Minaal , Yadav Sudha 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Restoration of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) is crucial for their long-term functionality, yet current practices lack structured approaches, leading to variable outcomes. The restorative difficulty evaluation system (RDES) offers a systematic method to assess restoration complexity tailored to each patient. This pilot study aims to evaluate RDES’s reliability and validity in guiding clinicians’ decisions on ETT restoration.

Methodology:
Ten participants were recruited, and two endodontists independently assessed clinical parameters using RDES. Interrater reliability was assessed to determine agreement between examiners. Test–retest reliability was evaluated over two time points (baseline and 2 weeks). Face and content validity were assessed by a panel of 10 experts.

Results:
Intrarater reliability was robust (Evaluator 1: r = 0.667 and Evaluator 2: r = 0.655). Interrater reliability was substantial (κ =0.783). Face validity affirmed RDES parameters’ relevance with scores exceeding the impact score threshold. Content validity showed high item-rated content validity index (I-CVI) scores for both relevance (I-CVI [R]) and clarity (I-CVI [C]), resulting in high scale-level CVI scores, affirming all RDES items’ appropriateness. The Gunning Fog Index (14.79) suggests tool’s suitability for college junior or undergraduate-level readers.

Conclusion:
The study demonstrates RDES’s reliability and validity in assessing restoration complexity in ETT. Its systematic approach can inform treatment decisions, potentially enhancing patient outcomes.
Innovative management of complicated crown-root fracture with biomimetic materials: A case report with a 2-year follow-up
Authors: Kaur Maninder , Singla Munish , Kaur Harleen , Gupta Saloni , Arora Reetu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The concurrent complicated horizontal crown-root fracture and complicated vertical crown fracture are rarely delineated in the literature. This case report suggests a twophase singlevisit treatment to reinstate the maxillary lateral incisor with bioinspired materials. In Stage 1, endodontic therapy was given, followed by fracture fragment stabilization innovatively in Stage 2. At 2 years of follow-up, clinical examinations revealed satisfactory periodontal condition without mobility or discoloration of the tooth. Cone-beam computed tomography revealed a close approximation of the vertical fracture line and healing of the horizontal crown-root fracture with a type II pattern. This case report concludes that a minimally invasive procedural approach with biomimetic materials can be performed instead of extensive therapy like extraction.
Comparative analysis of Biodentine and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate repair High Plasticity in reinforcing roots with perforation: An in vitro study
Authors: Anija R. , Kalita Chandana , Satheesh S. L. , Seal Mukut , Kalita Tribisha , Saikia Anindita 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Context:
Root perforation increases the fracture risk, and bioceramic materials can be used for repair. Evaluating the fracture resistance (FR) of these cements in teeth with simulated perforations is crucial for assessing their effectiveness.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Biodentine (Septodont, France) and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate High Plasticity (MTA Repair HP, Angelus, Brazil), on the FR of teeth with simulated root perforations.

Design and Settings:
An in vitro experimental design was conducted to compare and determine the most reliable repair and obturating material for root perforation.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty extracted mandibular premolars were randomly assigned to one control group (n = 10) and four test groups (n = 10) based on the repair and backfilling materials used: Biodentine + gutta percha (GP) (Dentsply Maillefer, Germany) and AH Plus sealer (Dentsply, Germany), Biodentine + Biodentine, MTA HP + GP and sealer, and MTA HP + MTA HP. FR was assessed using a universal testing machine.

Statistical Analysis:
The variance among the five groups was tested using Analysis of Variance and pairwise post hoc Tukey’s test for intergroup comparisons. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
The highest mean FR value was observed in the MTA HP + MTA HP group. ANOVA test revealed statistically significant differences between the groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Bioceramic cements with a MOE similar to dentin enhance FR by forming a monoblock for uniform stress distribution. Perforation repair and backfilling with these cement reinforce the tooth.
Translucency and color stability of advanced lithium disilicate ceramic material: An in vitro study
Authors: Alazemi Bader M. , Rayyan Mohammad R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Context:
The dental restoration can closely resemble the tooth structure around it when the color and translucency are the right combination. Color stability and translucency are critical factors influencing the optical blending of restorations with natural dentition, enhancing their overall esthetics.

Aim:
This study aimed to compare the translucency and color stability of advanced lithium disilicate (ALD) ceramic material in comparison to conventional lithium disilicate ceramics.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty specimens, measuring 12 mm × 14 mm, were fabricated from two types of ceramics: lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (LDS) and ALD. Two types were used for each material, High translucency (HT) and Medium translucency (MT). The samples were divided into 4 groups (n = 20) based on the material and the translucency. Each group was subsequently separated into two additional subgroups based on thickness, specifically 0.5 and 1.0 mm (n = 10). The translucency parameter (TP) was determined by employing a spectrophotometer to measure color on both white and black backgrounds. The experiment involved subjecting samples with a thickness of 1 mm to a total of 10,000 thermocycles, followed by immersing them in coffee for 12 days. Color change (ΔE) was calculated using CIELAB color coordinates at the initial state, as well as after the application of TC and immersion.

Results:
A significant difference in TP existed between LDS (18.16 ± 2.149) and ALD (15.115 ± 0.877) for 0.5 mm thickness (P < 0.05). Color change for both materials was perceivable above ∆E 1.2. Only ALD MT showed ∆E 3.03 above the acceptability threshold.

Conclusion:
The translucency of LDS was more than ALD at a thickness of 0.5 mm. In both materials, the color change was above the perceptibility threshold but within the clinical acceptable limits except for ALD MT which had a color change above the clinical acceptability threshold.
A comparative evaluation of the decalcifying effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and N-acetyl cysteine on root canal dentin using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
Authors: Shenvi Suresh , Joshi Sonal B. , Seal Mukut 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Chelating agents used to remove the inorganic part of the smear layer from prepared canals can alter dentin mineral composition, potentially affecting the adhesion of resin-based root canal cement and sealers.

Aim:
This study aimed to compare the decalcifying effects of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 20% N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), and deionized water (control) on root canal dentin using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS).

Materials and Methods:
Sixty-nine extracted human mandibular premolars were randomly divided into three groups, yielding 138 root halves treated with either 17% EDTA, 20% NAC, or a control solution (n = 46). The mineral content was assessed using EDXS, and statistical analysis was conducted with the Kruskal–Wallis test, using an alpha level of 5%.

Results:
Twenty percent NAC and control groups retained more calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus than 17% EDTA, suggesting better mineral preservation, while 17% EDTA resulted in the lowest mineral content across all elements analyzed.

Conclusion:
Twenty percent NAC exhibited milder decalcifying effects compared to EDTA while preserving mineral content. Twenty percent NAC could be a biocompatible alternative to EDTA for smear layer removal in endodontic treatments.
Successful treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor exon 19 deletion non-small cell lung cancer with almonertinib after osimertinib-induced interstitial lung disease: A case report
Authors: Li Zhichao , Wang Gang , Xue Guoliang , Wang Nan , Hu Yanting , Cao Pikun , Cai Hongchao , Wei Zhigang , Ye Xin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Osimertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has revolutionized one of the standard most efficient treatments for EGFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR–TKI, is currently one of most efficient treatments in clinical practice. However, it has a potentially fatal side effect: interstitial lung disease (ILD). When severe ILD occurs, a drug substitution is often required, and there is a rising concern about which drug to choose to inhibit the progression of NSCLC and avoid aggravating while alleviating ILD. Herein, we report an NSCLC case with osimertinib-induced ILD successfully rechallenged by almonertinib. In addition, we conducted a literature review on the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of almonertinib, hoping to provide insight into NSCLC treatment.
In vitro prebiotic activity of millets with selected probiotic microorganisms
Authors: Soni Hemant , Bhagwat Prateeksha , Singh Gagandeep , Tandon Smriti , Yadav Sunanda , Parihar Akanksha Singh , Lale Sanjeev Kumar , Prasad Shyam Baboo , Thakur Akanksha , Kumar Vijay , Charde Vaibhav , Jagtap Chandrashekhar Yuvaraj , Arya Jagdish Chandra , Narasimhaji Ch. Venkata , Srikanth Narayanam , Acharya Rabinarayan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Millets are an inexpensive grain that contains many major and minor nutrients, such as carbohydrates, protein, fats, and dietary fibers. As millets are rich in carbohydrates, and carbohydrates tend to be a great prebiotic source for the proliferation of gut microbes (probiotics), this study was designed to evaluate the prebiotic potential of millets. Millets used in this study include pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), and foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.).

METHODS:
The prebiotic activity was performed by using them as a sole carbon source in De Man–Rogosa–Sharpe agar media with probiotic strains Lactobacillus plantarum [Microbial Type Culture Collection (MTCC) 1407], Lactobacillus paracasei (Microbial Culture Collection 4490), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (MTCC 1408), and Saccharomyces boulardii. Millets were ground into a fine powder with the grinder, and the powder was used as a carbon source in media for cultivating microorganisms under anaerobic conditions maintained in an anaerobic jar at 37°C.

RESULTS:
The results revealed that the growth of all microorganisms was confluent on their respective Petri plates under anaerobic conditions as observed on positive control plates. When these selected millets powder were mixed in the same ratio and used as a carbon source to check prebiotic activity, the results showed similar trends as observed with individual millets.

CONCLUSION:
The study concludes that whole grain millets showed prebiotic activity and thus can be recognized as an essential prebiotic nutritious food. These millets may support the growth of the population of healthy gut microbes, thus playing an important role in promoting digestion. Further, in-vivo and clinical validation is necessary to establish the prebiotic potential of these millets leading to the development of millets based ayurvedic prebiotic formulations.
Medicinal flowers and their bioactive phytochemicals with therapeutic benefits: A comprehensive review
Authors: Dey Ganesh , Giri Simran , Sarkar Bapi Ray , Pal Prosanta 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Flowers are modified shoots of plants and have an important role directly or indirectly. Morphologically, medicinal flowers may be divided into pollen, nectar, petals, and other parts. From ancient times, flowers have played an important role in our day-to-day life. These are the integral parts of praying to God. These are also used to add fragrance, color, and flavor to the food in different forms, such as salads, soups, desserts, and drinks. On the other hand, properly identifying flowers is necessary. This review summarizes the significance of “flower drugs” based on their health effects. Due to visual aspects, esthetic value, nutritional value, and medicinal value, medicinal flowers create an increasing demand. The phytoconstituents (alkaloids, glycosides, flavonols, flavones, tannins, saponins, and steroids), macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulfur, and magnesium), and micronutrients (boron, zinc, manganese, iron, copper, molybdenum, and chlorine) of flower are the foremost themes on health benefits. The medicinal flowers are frequently used as either fresh, cooked, or in extract form to treat or prevent various ailments. The flower drugs are widely used for various pharmacological activities such as: anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-anxiety, hepatoprotective, anti-nociceptive, hypolipidemic activity and also used in gynecological disorders,cosmetic formulations and aromatherapy.
Induction training programme of resident doctors: The need of the hour
Authors: Sameer Md , Pillai Jawahar S. K. , Sahoo Biswajeevan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
An induction training program is a structured process to acclimatize and orient the newly inducted staff or employees to an organization. As per the literature, there is no structured induction training program for resident doctors available in tertiary care teaching hospitals in India. Unlike other institutions, hospitals are complex places with several departments, processes, and patient services. Resident doctors in teaching medical institutions are a valuable human resource as they form the frontline doctors for delivering healthcare services. Therefore, the resident doctor needs to be oriented to the institution as early as possible to ensure quality in patient care services. The study aims to develop an induction training program for newly joined residents in teaching medical institutions and evaluate its effectiveness. The study setting was AIIMS, Bhubaneswar and the duration of the study was 6 months.

Methodology:
The ADDIE (analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate) model of human resource management was used as the study tool to develop the training program. An online national survey was conducted in the analyze phase to identify the training needs of residents. A comprehensive training module was developed based on the findings and referring the NABH Standards. The modules were implemented in a pilot mode in the study setting, and feedback was collected to understand the effectiveness of the program.

Results:
A training program for residents with 14 modules was developed and implemented. It consisted of 22 credits. The findings of the online survey and the feedback of the training program were found to be similar in many aspects though study participants were different in the analyze and evaluate phases. The Hospital Infection Control Practices, Hospital Management Information Systems, and Medico-legal Module were rated high by the residents. The study outlined the need for an induction training program for resident doctors in medical institutions. Based on the survey, the module was prepared and implemented. This module can be a model that can be replicated in other medical institutions.

Conclusion:
An induction training program for resident doctors was developed that helped them to get oriented to their workplace and improve their skills. This activity directly affects the quality of healthcare services thereby significantly contributing to patient safety.
Two faces of the same coin non alcoholic fatty liver disease; with and without diabetes: Comparative clinico pathological analysis: A cross sectional observational study
Authors: Mushfiq Syed , Yatoo Ghulam Nabi , Mir Bilal Ahmad , Rasool Zubaida 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim:
Non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disorder that represents the hepatic manifestation of systemic process, and is a strong risk factor for diabetes Meletus, whereas the presence of DM increases the severity of NAFLD/NASH and its progression. Data on the impact of diabetes on NASH phenotype is sparse from northern India. We studied and compared the clinical profile of NALFD in the presence and absence of DM and the effect of diabetes on NASH.

Methods:
We did a cross-sectional analysis of data from NAFLD patients (n = 90) who were divided into diabetic and non-diabetic cohorts and their respective demographic, biochemical, imaging and histological features were recorded and compared.

Results:
Out of 90 patients, 53.3% were females with a mean age of 44 ± 12 years. The mean BMI and WHR of the study cohort were 28.9 ± 3.4 and 1.01 ± 0.15, respectively. The current study showed that 35.8% were diabetics. The mean age and WHR were 52 ± 11 years vs 40 ± 10 years and 1.1 ± 0.17 vs 0.99 ± 0.09, respectively, in diabetic and non-diabetic NAFLD patients. Non-invasive fibrosis scores, including BARD (2.8 vs 1.73), FIB-4 (3.4 vs 2.2) and NFS (0.97 vs −1.13), were significantly higher in diabetic NAFLD compared to non-diabetic NAFLD (P < 0.03). The histological grade of steatosis and fibrosis as depicted by the mean NAS score (5.7 ± 1.2 vs 4.63 ± 0.8) was higher in diabetic NAFLD vs non-diabetic NAFLD; however, only the fibrosis stage was statistically significant between the groups (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Despite the small no of cases, we should conclude that there is a bidirectional relationship between NAFLD and DM where the progression of one increases the rate of progression of other. Diabetic patients have higher risk of NASH and hence increased risk of liver related mortality and should be screened early for NAFLD/NASH.
The prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and hypertension among police personnel: A population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Chaturvedi Deepak V. , Gupta Digant , Maheshgauri Darpan M. , Yadav Gauri E. , Debnath Dhrubajyoti J. , Chaturvedi Asmita D. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Police personnel represent a special occupational group who because of the nature of their jobs are at an increased risk of lifestyle disorders such as diabetes and hypertension. Although studies have been conducted to assess the health status of police personnel in India, most of them suffer from small sample sizes, selection bias, and poor generalizability.

Objectives:
This large-scale study evaluated the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension along with their risk factors among police personnel in Mumbai, India.

Methods:
A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 3474 police personnel. The key risk factors of interest were age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). Binary logistic regression was used to quantify the relationship between the independent variables (age, gender, and BMI) and the dichotomous dependent variables (diabetes and hypertension).

Results:
86.3% were males while 13.7% were females. The mean age was 41.6 years. In total, 48.7% of participants were overweight while 19.9% were obese. Totally, 29.2% of participants were pre-diabetic/diabetic and 55.2% were hypertensive. Using adjusted logistic regression, participants with > = 55 years were 7.9 and 3.7 times more likely to have diabetes and hypertension respectively compared to those with < = 34 years. Similarly, obese individuals were 1.6 and 3.1 times more likely to have diabetes and hypertension respectively compared to those with normal BMI.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity among Indian police personnel and provides the scientific basis for planning interventional strategies to improve their health.
Smartphone-based health monitoring in India: Data collection and evaluation for pulse rate estimation
Authors: Shetty Achal , Narasimhamurthy Sanjana S. , Nataraj KS , Prabhu Srilakshmi M. , Jagadeesh Neha , Katre Kunal , Kumar Sumit , Kapoor Neelesh , Haladi Sudhir P. , Gulati Sankalp 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Over the past decade, monitoring of body vitals has gained significant popularity, specifically during and post the recent COVID pandemic. Advancements in smartphones and wearables have been pivotal, providing accessible and cost-effective solutions for at-home health monitoring. Their development often requires a large corpus of labeled datasets, but such large and diverse datasets for developing smartphone-based vital estimation systems, particularly adapted to Indian context, are scarce.

Aims and Objectives:
This observational study focuses on development of such a dataset in a diverse Indian context and evaluation of smartphone-based pulse rate estimation based on this dataset.

Methods:
Data collection considered Indian patients with various medical conditions, body mass index profiles, blood pressure levels, ages, and smoking habits, reflecting a broad demographic spectrum. As part of this study, an algorithm was implemented to estimate the photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal from video recordings of fingers placed on the smartphone camera and subsequently to estimate pulse rate using the acquired PPG data. Smartphone-based pulse rate estimates were compared with readings from pulse oximeters to assess accuracy and feasibility.

Results:
The smartphone-based PPG algorithm provides reasonably accurate estimations of pulse rate when compared to traditional pulse oximeters under varied healthcare settings (mean absolute error < 5, intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.90).

Conclusion:
Results indicate that the smartphone-based PPG signal captures sufficient information of the cardiac cycle to reliably estimate the pulse rate. Furthermore, system accuracy is consistent across varied subjects and settings, highlighting the importance of tailored data collection for development and evaluation of vital estimation algorithms.