bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warts in pediatric oncology patients: A single‐institution retrospective study
Authors: Ho Tina , Iriarte Christopher , Zuniga Jorge , Huang Jennifer 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPediatric oncology patients undergoing cancer treatment can often have numerous and recalcitrant cutaneous warts due to their underlying immunosuppression. There are little published data on the optimal management of warts in pediatric oncology patients undergoing active cancer treatment compared to patients having completed treatment. Our objective was to analyze the clinical course of warts treated within this patient population at Boston Children's Hospital over a 10‐year period.MethodsThis was a single‐institution retrospective study of 72 pediatric oncology patients from 1 September 2011 to 1 September 2021 who were treated for warts at Boston Children's Hospital. All patients had a diagnosis of cutaneous warts with at least one follow‐up visit and were receiving active treatment for cancer either during or after concurrent treatment of their warts. We examined the modality and effectiveness of wart treatments while both on and offactive treatment of their cancer.ResultsThe median age was 12 years (range 4–18). Fifty‐four percent of patients were documented to have plantar warts. Sixty percent of patients with a documented number of warts had more than five warts at presentation. For cases in which outcomes were specified, treatment resulted in complete resolution of warts in only 24.0% of patients undergoing active cancer treatment compared to 63.3% of patients not on active treatment. Warts persisted or worsened in 56.0% of patients undergoing active cancer treatment compared to only 13.4% of patients not on active treatment.ConclusionThese data may help guide clinicians in evaluating and treating warts in pediatric oncology patients.
Atypical pediatric presentation of alopecic and aseptic nodules of the scalp with features of dissecting cellulitis
Authors: Gambichler Thilo , Scheel Christina H. , Chatzipantazi Maria , Kautz Ocko , Heinzer Ekaterina , Boms Stefanie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlopecic and aseptic nodules of the scalp (AANS) and dissecting cellulitis of the scalp (DCS) are rare, closely related conditions of young men that exclusively affect the hair‐bearing scalp. We describe a 9‐year‐old boy who presented with a 6‐year history of chronically relapsing, sterile, partially scarring nodules of the scalp and facial skin. Histopathology revealed mixed inflammatory infiltrates consisting of neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells in the deep dermis, consistent with the morphological pattern of suppurative, partly granulomatous dermatitis. The present atypical case is characterized by prepubertal onset and facial involvement which, to our knowledge, has not yet been described before, may be included in the spectrum of “typical” AANS and “typical” DCS.
Acquisition of a large virulence plasmid (pINV) promoted temperature-dependent virulence and global dispersal of O96:H19 enteroinvasive
Escherichia coli
Authors: Miles Sydney L. , Torraca Vincenzo , Dyson Zoe A. , López-Jiménez Ana Teresa , Foster-Nyarko Ebenezer , Lobato-Márquez Damián , Jenkins Claire , Holt Kathryn E. , Mostowy Serge 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Enteroinvasive
Escherichia coli
(EIEC) and
Shigella
are closely related agents of bacillary dysentery. It is widely viewed that EIEC and
Shigella
species evolved from
E. coli
via independent acquisitions of a large virulence plasmid (pINV) encoding a type 3 secretion system (T3SS). Sequence Type (ST)99 O96:H19
E. coli
is a novel clone of EIEC responsible for recent outbreaks in Europe and South America. Here, we use 92 whole genome sequences to reconstruct a dated phylogeny of ST99
E. coli
, revealing distinct phylogenomic clusters of pINV-positive and -negative isolates. To study the impact of pINV acquisition on the virulence of this clone, we developed an EIEC-zebrafish infection model showing that virulence of ST99 EIEC is thermoregulated. Strikingly, zebrafish infection using a T3SS-deficient ST99 EIEC strain and the oldest available pINV-negative isolate reveals a separate, temperature
-
independent mechanism of virulence, indicating that ST99 non-EIEC strains were virulent before pINV acquisition. Taken together, these results suggest that an already pathogenic
E. coli
acquired pINV and that virulence of ST99 isolates became thermoregulated once pINV was acquired.

IMPORTANCE

Enteroinvasive
Escherichia coli
(EIEC) and
Shigella
are etiological agents of bacillary dysentery. Sequence Type (ST)99 is a clone of EIEC hypothesized to cause human disease by the recent acquisition of pINV, a large plasmid encoding a type 3 secretion system (T3SS) that confers the ability to invade human cells. Using Bayesian analysis and zebrafish larvae infection, we show that the virulence of ST99 EIEC isolates is highly dependent on temperature, while T3SS-deficient isolates encode a separate temperature-independent mechanism of virulence. These results indicate that ST99 non-EIEC isolates may have been virulent before pINV acquisition and highlight an important role of pINV acquisition in the dispersal of ST99 EIEC in humans, allowing wider dissemination across Europe and South America.
Implementation of the injury prevention exercise programmeKnee Control+: a cross-sectional study after dissemination efforts within a football district
Authors: Lindblom Hanna , Sonesson Sofi , Forslind Josefin , Waldén Markus , Hägglund Martin 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThe Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework can be used for evaluation of implementation initiatives in sports injury prevention. The aim was to evaluate the implementation of the injury prevention exercise programmeKnee Control+among amateur clubs and coaches in one regional football district using all five dimensions of the RE-AIM framework.MethodsDissemination ofKnee Control+during the 2021 season with information and webinars within one regional football district. This was followed by a cross-sectional study with questionnaires to club personnel and coaches after the season.ResultsThe reach ofKnee Control+was fair to high, 83% of club personnel and 66% of coaches knew about the programme. 41% of club personnel and 51% of coaches had adopted it. Perceived programme effectiveness was high (6 on a 1–7 Likert scale) among coaches. Regarding implementation and maintenance, 27% of club personnel had informed coaches aboutKnee Control+and 57% planned to inform coaches. The coaches had implemented the programme mainly as recommended, but half used the programme once per week or less. Intention to maintain use of the programme was high (7 on a 1–7 Likert scale) among coaches.ConclusionThe reach ofKnee Control+was fair to high, and adoption was fair in clubs, but there was a lack of policies for preventive training. Active strategies probably need to accompany dissemination of programme material. Reach, perceived effectiveness, adoption, implementation and planned maintenance were positive among coaches, but further studies are needed to analyse long-term maintenance.
Nitrous oxide-induced myeloneuropathy: a case series
Authors: Mair Devan , Paris Alvar , Zaloum Safiya A , White Laura M , Dodd Katherine C , Englezou Christina , Patel Farhin , Abualnaja Siraj , Lilleker James B , Gosal David , Hayton Tom , Liang Di , Allroggen Holger , Pucci Mark , Keddie Stephen , Noyce Alastair J 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundNitrous oxide (N2O) is the second most common recreational drug used by 16- to 24-year-olds in the UK. Neurological symptoms can occur in some people that use N2O recreationally, but most information comes from small case series.MethodsWe describe 119 patients with N2O-myeloneuropathy seen at NHS teaching hospitals in three of the UK’s largest cities: London, Birmingham and Manchester. This work summarises the clinical and investigative findings in the largest case series to date.ResultsParaesthesia was the presenting complaint in 85% of cases, with the lower limbs more commonly affected than the upper limbs. Gait ataxia was common, and bladder and bowel disturbance were frequent additional symptoms. The mid-cervical region of the spinal cord (C3–C5) was most often affected on MRI T2-weighted imaging. The number of N2O canisters consumed per week correlated with methylmalonic acid levels in the blood as a measure of functional B12deficiency (rho (ρ)=0.44, p=0.04).ConclusionsPreventable neurological harm from N2O abuse is increasingly seen worldwide. Ease of access to canisters and larger cylinders of N2O has led to an apparent rise in cases of N2O-myeloneuropathy in several areas of the UK. Our results highlight the range of clinical manifestations in a large group of patients to improve awareness of risk, aid early recognition, and promote timely treatment.
Investigating the impact of condomless vaginal intercourse and lubricant use on the vaginal metabolome: a pre-post observational study
Authors: Borgogna Joanna-Lynn C , Grace Savannah G , Holm Johanna B , Aviles Zuniga Tadeo , Kadriu Herlin , He Xin , McCoski Sarah R , Ravel Jacques , Brotman Rebecca M , Yeoman Carl J 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveThe vaginal metabolome is a significant factor in the vaginal microenvironment, and data are emerging on its independent role in urogenital health. Condomless vaginal intercourse and personal lubricant use are common practices that may affect the vaginal metabolome. The aim of the present study is to describe the associations between condomless intercourse and lubricant use on the vaginal metabolome.MethodsThis study used archived mid-vaginal swabs from a 10-week observational cohort of reproductive age women who self-collected samples and recorded behavioural diaries daily. Cases and controls were defined as participants who self-reported condomless vaginal intercourse with or without lubricant use, respectively. Samples were drawn prior to and following condomless vaginal intercourse. Twenty-two case participants were race/ethnicity matched to 22 control participants. Mid-vaginal swabs were subjected to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and untargeted ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy metabolomics. Bayesian mixed-effects regression (unadjusted and adjusted for the vaginal microbiota) was used to evaluate differences in metabolite concentration associated with vaginal intercourse and lubricant use.ResultsBoth condomless penile–vaginal intercourse and lubricant use were independently associated with higher (up to 8.3-fold) concentrations of metabolites indicative of epithelial damage (eg, sarcosine) and many host-produced antioxidants. Lubricant use was significantly associated with increases in lipids related to cellular damage, host-produced sphingolipids (antimicrobials), antioxidants and salicylate, a cooling agent common to lubricants, in a study design which controls for the independent effect of intercourse. Metabolites involved in oxidative stress and salicylate were strongly correlated with several molecular bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria.ConclusionsThis study provides important foundational data on how condomless vaginal–penile intercourse and lubricant use affect the vaginal metabolome and may affect the protective mechanisms in the vaginal microenvironment.
Notch3/Hes5 Induces Vascular Dysfunction in Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension Through ER Stress and Redox-Sensitive Pathways
Authors: Morris Hannah E. , Neves Karla B. , Nilsen Margaret , Montezano Augusto C. , MacLean Margaret R. , Touyz Rhian M. 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:
Notch3 (neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3) is implicated in vascular diseases, including pulmonary hypertension (PH)/pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, molecular mechanisms remain elusive. We hypothesized increased Notch3 activation induces oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and downstream redox signaling, associated with procontractile pulmonary artery state, pulmonary vascular dysfunction, and PH development.

METHODS:

Studies were performed in TgNotch3
R169C
mice (harboring gain-of-function [GOF] Notch3 mutation) exposed to chronic hypoxia to induce PH, and examined by hemodynamics. Molecular and cellular studies were performed in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from pulmonary arterial hypertension patients and in mouse lung. Notch3-regulated genes/proteins, ER stress, ROCK (Rho-associated kinase) expression/activity, Ca
2+
transients and generation of reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide were measured. Pulmonary vascular reactivity was assessed in the presence of fasudil (ROCK inhibitor) and 4-phenylbutyric acid (ER stress inhibitor).

RESULTS:

Hypoxia induced a more severe PH phenotype in TgNotch3
R169C
mice versus controls. TgNotch3
R169C
mice exhibited enhanced Notch3 activation and expression of Notch3 targets Hes Family BHLH Transcription Factor 5 (Hes5), with increased vascular contraction and impaired vasorelaxation that improved with fasudil/4-phenylbutyric acid. Notch3 mutation was associated with increased pulmonary vessel Ca
2+
transients, ROCK activation, ER stress, and increased reactive oxygen species generation, with reduced NO generation and blunted sGC (soluble guanylyl cyclase)/cGMP signaling. These effects were ameliorated by N-acetylcysteine. pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension recapitulated Notch3/Hes5 signaling, ER stress and redox changes observed in PH mice.

CONCLUSIONS:
Notch3 GOF amplifies vascular dysfunction in hypoxic PH. This involves oxidative and ER stress, and ROCK. We highlight a novel role for Notch3/Hes5-redox signaling and important interplay between ER and oxidative stress in PH.
Rate of Change in 10-Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Its Implications for Primary Prevention
Authors: Hwang In-Chang , Kim Chee Hae , Kim Jae-Young , Choi Hong-Mi , Yoon Yeonyee E. , Cho Goo-Yeong 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:
Contemporary cardiovascular primary prevention is based on the assessment of the 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, the clinical implications of temporal change in the 10-year ASCVD risk estimate (∆10-year ASCVD risk/year) are unknown.

METHODS:
A total of 211 077 participants without established ASCVD and with repetitive 10-year ASCVD risk assessment at an interval of 4 to 5 years were selected from the Korean National Health Insurance Service data. The primary end point was a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, and all-cause death.

RESULTS:
ASCVD event rates were proportional to the ∆10-year ASCVD risk/year regardless of the baseline 10-year ASCVD risk. Adjusted hazard ratio for ASCVD events per 1% increase in ∆10-year ASCVD risk/year was 1.53 (95% CI, 1.44–1.63), 1.24 (95% CI, 1.15–1.32), 1.18 (95% CI, 1.13–1.23), and 1.05 (95% CI, 1.00–1.10) in those with a baseline 10-year ASCVD risk of <5%, 5% to 7.5%, 7.5% to 20%, and ≥20%, respectively. Appropriate control of risk factors, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, body mass index, exercise habits, and smoking status, was associated with lower ASCVD event rates, whereas failure to control these risk factors resulted in higher ASCVD event rates.

CONCLUSIONS:
The temporal change in 10-year ASCVD risk over a period of 4 to 5 years reflects success or failure in controlling major cardiovascular risk factors and indicates the risk of future ASCVD events. The ∆10-year ASCVD risk/year can be used as an indicator of primary prevention and guide the application of preventive measures.
Two new species of the genus Nicephora Bolívar, 1900 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from Yunnan, China
Authors: SU JIE , WANG HAIJIAN , CHANG YANLIN 
Published: May 2023

This paper reports two new species of the tribe Meconematini from Yunnan, China, namely Nicephora curvata sp. nov. and Nicephora angustifolia sp. nov., and diagnostic illustrations are provided. The type specimens are deposited in the Museum of Hebei University.
Implant Choice and Outcomes of the Sinus Tarsi Approach for Displaced Intra-articular Calcaneal Fractures
Authors: Eelsing Robin , Aronius Loran B. , Halm Jens A. , Schepers Tim 
Published: May 2023

Background: Operative fixation of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures is considered the gold standard, for which multiple fixation methods are available. This study compares the (functional) outcome of screw fixation (SF), plate fixation (PF), and anatomical plate fixation (APF) via the sinus tarsi approach (STA). Methods: A total of 239 patients (265 fractured calcanei) who received surgical treatment of a displaced intra-articular calcaneal fracture via STA between 2011 and 2022 were included. Results: Böhler angle (BA) measured immediately postoperatively (BA post-OR) and the decrease in BA at 1 year (∆BA) differed significantly in favor of PF/APF compared with SF (BA post-OR: SF vs PF P = .010 and SF vs APF P = .001; ∆BA: SF vs PF P = .032 and SF vs APF P = .042). Implant removal surgery was performed significantly less in the APF group as compared to the SF/PF groups (APF vs SF/PF; 9.9% vs 22.9%/23.7%, P = .015). Surgical site infections and secondary arthrodesis of the subtalar joint occurred equally in the 3 groups. Furthermore, the mean American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scale, Foot Function Index score, and EuroQOL-5D-index / visual analog scale score, did not differ notably between SF, PF, and APF. Conclusion: The results show that both PF and APF are favored over SF because of an improved correction of BA measured directly postoperatively, a lower secondary loss of BA and, for APF, a lower implant removal rate. There was no difference in the rate of surgical site infections, need for secondary arthrodesis, nor functional outcome scores between different implants using the STA. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Communication between Medical Practitioners and Dancers
Authors: Ruanne Y. J. Lai , Krasnow Donna , Thomas Martin 
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate patterns of communication between professional and pre-professional dancers and medical practitioners. One survey was developed and randomly conducted among family physicians, sports medicine physicians, chiropractors, physical therapists, and registered massage therapists. A second survey involved volunteer ballet and modern dancers in professional dance training programs, college and university dance programs, and independent dance artists. One hundred and ninety questionnaires were distributed to medical practitioners, and 50 were returned. Of 380 questionnaires given to dancers, 202 were returned. The dancers were 18 to 49 years old, with a majority between the ages of 18 and 20. They averaged more than 10 years of dance training. All of the questionnaires were distributed in a single large Canadian city.The data shows that medical practitioners rarely communicated with each other concerning a common (dance) patient. They also failed to communicate, in most cases, with the dancers’ teachers, choreographers, and directors. This was not disconcerting to injured dancers, who tended to believe that such communication was not important to their recovery. Significantly, dancers did not fully understand the nature of their injuries when they sought medical advice, and they did not press the medical practitioners for additional information. Both groups generally believed that dancers would benefit by learning more about human anatomy.
Long-term outcomes of vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel disease: the Swedish prospective multicentre SVEAH extension study
Authors: Visuri Isabella , Eriksson Carl , Karlqvist Sara , Lykiardopoulos Byron , Karlén Per , Grip Olof , Söderman Charlotte , Almer Sven , Hertervig Erik , Marsal Jan , Malmgren Carolina , Delin Jenny , Strid Hans , Sjöberg Mats , Bergemalm Daniel , Hjortswang Henrik , Halfvarson Jonas 
Published: May 2023

Background: Real-world data on long-term outcomes of vedolizumab (VDZ) are scarce. Objective: To assess long-term outcomes (up to 3 years) of VDZ in treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Design: A nationwide, prospective multicentre extension of a Swedish observational study on VDZ assessing Effectiveness And Healthcare resource utilization in patients with IBD (SVEAH). Methods: After re-consent, data of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) ( n = 68) and ulcerative colitis (UC) ( n = 46) treated with VDZ were prospectively recorded using an electronic case report form integrated with the Swedish IBD Register (SWIBREG). The primary outcome was clinical remission (defined as Harvey–Bradshaw Index ⩽4 in CD and partial Mayo score ⩽2 in UC) at 104 and 156 weeks in patients with a response and/or remission 12 weeks after starting VDZ. Secondary outcomes included health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and biochemical outcomes. Results: VDZ continuation rates were high at weeks 104 and 156, 88% and 84%, respectively, for CD and 87% and 78%, respectively, for UC. Of the 53 CD patients with a response/remission at 12 weeks, 40 (75%) patients were in remission at 104 weeks and 42 (79%) patients at 156 weeks. For UC, these numbers were 25/31 (81%) and 22/31 (71%), respectively. Improvements were seen in the Short Health Scale ( p < 0.01 for each dimension; CD, n = 51; UC, n = 33) and the EuroQol 5-Dimensions, 5-levels index value ( p < 0.01; CD, n = 39; UC, n = 30). Median plasma-C-reactive protein concentrations (mg/L) decreased from 5 at baseline to 4 in CD ( p = 0.01, n = 53) and from 5 to 4 in UC ( p = 0.03, n = 34) at 156 weeks. Correspondingly, median faecal-calprotectin (µg/g) decreased from 641 to 114 in CD patients ( p < 0.01, n = 26) and from 387 to 37 in UC patients ( p = 0.02, n = 17). Conclusion: VDZ demonstrated high continuation rates and was associated with improvements in clinical outcomes, HRQoL measures and inflammatory markers at 2 and 3 years after treatment initiation in this prospective national SVEAH extension study. Registration: ENCePP registration number: EUPAS22735.
Antidiarrheal Properties of the Combination of Tannin Albuminate and Ethacridine Lactate - A Narrative Review
Authors: Salama-Müller Andera , Roese Nadine 
Published: May 2023

Objective To review the efficacy and safety of tannin albuminate and ethacridine lactate monohydrate in the treatment and prevention of diarrhea. Design Narrative review. Data sources: A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE and Embase from inception to September 2022. The search was restricted to English and German language publications. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: Randomized controlled trials, non-interventional studies, and meta-analyses assessing tannin and/or ethacridine for the treatment or prevention of diarrhea. Results Of 366 titles identified, a total of 13 studies were included in this review. Five randomized controlled trials and four noninterventional trials demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the fixed combination of tannin albuminate and ethacridine lactate monohydrate in treating acute diarrhea and preventing traveler's diarrhea. The fixed combination reduced acute diarrhea duration by improving stool frequency, consistency, and weight and reduced the risk of traveler's diarrhea. Two pilot studies indicate efficacy in chronic diarrhea. Safety and tolerability were very good in all included studies. Two meta-analyses investigated the efficacy of gelatin tannate in children with acute gastroenteritis. Conclusion The efficacy and safety of tannin albuminate and ethacridine lactate monohydrate for the treatment of acute diarrhea and the prevention of traveler's diarrhea are proven in randomized controlled trials. Several noninterventional studies substantiate the real-world effectiveness and tolerability of the fixed combination. Both active ingredients combine antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, mucosal protection, and spasmolytic properties. However, existing clinical data should be updated with larger, well-designed, placebo-controlled trials in adult and pediatric patient populations.