bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On two classes of generalised finite T-groups
Authors: Ballester-Bolinches Adolfo , Pedraza-Aguilera M. Carmen , Pérez-Calabuig Vicent 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLet $$\sigma = \{ {\sigma }_{i}: i \in I \}$$

σ
=
{

σ
i

:
i
∈
I
}

be a partition of the set $${\mathbb {P}}$$
P
of all prime numbers. A subgroup X of a finite group G is called $$\sigma $$
σ
-subnormal in G if there is a chain of subgroups $$\begin{aligned}X=X_{0} \le X_{1} \le \cdots \le X_{n}=G\end{aligned}$$

X
=

X
0

≤

X
1

≤
⋯
≤

X
n

=
G

where for every $$j=1, \dots , n$$

j
=
1
,
⋯
,
n

the subgroup $$X_{j-1}$$

X

j
-
1

is normal in $$X_{j}$$

X
j

or $$X_{j}/{{\,\textrm{Core}\,}}_{X_{j}}(X_{j-1})$$

X
j

/

Core

X
j

(

X

j
-
1

)

is a $${\sigma }_{i}$$

σ
i

-group for some $$i \in I$$

i
∈
I

. A group G is said to be $$\sigma $$
σ
-soluble if every chief factor of G is a $${\sigma }_{i}$$

σ
i

-group for some $$i \in I$$

i
∈
I

. The aim of this paper is to study two classes of finite groups based on the transitivity of the $$\sigma $$
σ
-subnormality. Some classical and known results are direct consequences of our study.
Weapon–Target Assignment Using a Whale Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Jinzhong , Kong Min , Zhang Gang , Huang Yourui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe weapon-target assignment (WTA) is a well-known task distribution issue in complicated combinational optimization, which is essential to management and decision-making in marine coordinated combat. This paper proposes a whale optimization algorithm (WOA) to address the WTA and the purpose was to maximize the combat effectiveness and determine the greatest decision matrix while equitably distributing the weapon unit resources of the weapon systems to the threat targets. The WOA is based on the whales’ bubble-net assaulting behavior that mimics encompassing contraction strategy, bubble-net assaulting strategy and random hunting strategy to successfully resolve the optimization issue. The WOA not only has excellent stability and robustness to determine a quicker convergence speed and greater calculation accuracy but also utilizes exploration or exploitation to avoid search stagnation and accomplish the most effective solution. Four sets of experiments are utilized to confirm the superiority and productivity of the WOA, the results are compared with those of AOA, BA, GWO, MVO, SCA, SOA, SSA and TSA by maximizing the fitness value. The experimental results demonstrate that WOA has a greater convergence precision and stronger optimization efficiency, which is a practical and feasible method to satisfy the fundamental requirements of real-time decision-making.
Automotive SAR imaging: potentials, challenges, and performances
Authors: Manzoni Marco , Tebaldini Stefano , Monti-Guarnieri Andrea Virgilio , Prati Claudio Maria , Tagliaferri Dario , Nicoli Monica , Spagnolini Umberto , Russo Ivan , Mazzucco Christian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe main interest in using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology in automotive scenarios is that arbitrarily long arrays can be synthesized by exploiting the natural motion of the ego vehicle, enabling finer azimuth resolution and improved detection. All of this is achieved without increasing the hardware complexity in terms of the number of physical antennas. In this paper, we start by discussing the application of SAR imaging in the automotive environment from both theoretical and experimental perspectives. We proceed by describing an efficient processing workflow and we derive the rough number of operations required to focus an image proving the real-time imaging capability of the system. The experimental results are based on open road data acquired using an eight-channel radar at 77 GHz, considering side-looking SAR and forward SAR. The results confirm the idea that SAR imaging can be successfully and routinely used for high-resolution mapping of urban environments in the near future.
Flexible SIW humidity sensors based on nanodiamond sensing films
Authors: Chen Chang-ming , Chen Lu , Yao Yao , Peng Ye 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, flexible substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) resonators have been designed and fabricated on polyimide substrates for humidity sensing applications. The proposed SIW resonant cavity allows the resonator to obtain the maximum humidity sensitivity and meet the demand for flexible microwave sensing detection. Meanwhile, the humidity response performance can be further significantly enhanced by introducing nanodiamond (ND) sensing material. Three prototypes of ND-coated SIW sensors with different bending radii are measured to analyze their humidity sensing performance. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ND-coated SIW sensor with the minimum bending radius can achieve a maximum humidity sensitivity of 1.09 MHz/% relative humidity (RH) in the high RH region (>75.3% RH) and a low humidity hysteresis of 1.8% in the range of 11.3–97.3% RH. This study provides a promising candidate to realize flexible microwave sensors with excellent sensing performance.
The Dyadic Asthma Management Questionnaire for Adolescents and Their	Caregivers
Authors: Heyduck-Weides Katja , Bengel Jürgen , Farin Erik , Glattacker Manuela 
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Background: Validated English language measures for dyadic assessment and analyses of family asthma management are still rare and no such measure is available in the German Language so far. Aim: The aim of our study was the development and psychometric evaluation of a dyadic questionnaire allowing consideration of both adolescent and caregiver perceptions about responsibility sharing and collaboration in family asthma management. Method: The Dyadic Asthma Management Questionnaire (DAMQ) was developed with a combined theory-driven and empirical approach. For psychometric evaluation, structural validity, internal consistency, construct validity, and readability was tested in a sample of N = 150 adolescents with asthma and their primary caregivers ( N = 125). Analyses included a dyadic methodology and examination of measurement invariance across different age groups. Results: The DAMQ was generated as a two-part measure assessing (1) responsibility sharing and (2) collaboration in adolescent-caregiver asthma management. For both parts of the DAMQ and both adolescent and caregiver versions, a coherent factor structure with interpretable subscales and good psychometric properties (e.g., Cronbach’s α, ω, and glb > 70 for all scales) could be confirmed. Indices for older adolescents (≥ 14 years) proved to be better than those for younger adolescents (< 14 years). Limitations: Limitations concerning sampling, chosen factor analytic procedures, and the need for further research are discussed. Conclusion: The DAMQ has the potential to serve as a useful clinical tool to identify and compare adolescents’ and caregivers’ perspectives on asthma management, providing a potential starting point for targeted clinical interventions.
Increasing Cloud Coverage Deteriorates Evapotranspiration Estimating Accuracy From Satellite, Reanalysis and Land Surface Models Over East Asia
Authors: Wang Yipu , Hu Jiheng , Li Rui , Song Binbin , Hailemariam Mengsteab , Fu Yuyun , Duan Jiawei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAccurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) can be affected by cloud change, while cloud‐induced bias errors in ET change remain poorly understood. Here we evaluated seven ET data sets from satellite microwave and optical models, atmospheric reanalysis and land surface models over East Asia. Results showed that although the data sets estimated ET changes overall well under mild cloud increase, all of them had a systematic overestimation (by 73.8%–159.8%) and deteriorated capability of capturing ET change under heavy cloud increase, especially over dense vegetation with large cloud cover. Overestimated incident solar radiation under clouds contributed to the deteriorated performances of ET. Cloud‐induced change in radiation and its errors played larger role in summer ET change over densely vegetated lands, while those in air temperature and relative humidity were dominant jointly over grass and barren lands. These results can serve as a reference for improving ET models and their forcing inputs under clouds.
A Comparison of the Impacts of CMEs and CIRs on the Martian Dayside and Nightside Ionospheric Species
Authors: Ram L. , Rout D. , Rathi R. , Mondal S. , Sarkhel S. , Halekas J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMeasurements from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN spacecraft orbiting Mars are used for investigating the impact of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and corotating interaction regions (CIRs) on Martian ionospheric species. We have chosen 15 CME and 15 CIR events (2015–2020) at Mars from the existing catalogs. We have extensively analyzed the Martian dayside and nightside profiles of ionospheric species during each of the CME and CIR events. We have selected those orbit plasma density profiles which showed significant differences from the mean quiet‐time profile during each event. The primary focus of this paper is to provide a comparative average scenario of the variation of Martian ionospheric species during CME and CIR events. A significant difference can be observed in the profiles of the Martian dayside and nightside ionospheric species (O+, O2+, CO2+, NO+, C+, N+, & OH+) during CMEs and CIRs in comparison to mean quiet‐time profile. The difference is more prominent on the nightside compared to the dayside ionosphere. During CIRs, the nightside ion density is nearly one order of magnitude less (above 250 km) in comparison to CMEs. The mean peak altitude and density of the lighter ions (O+, C+, N+, & OH+) were at lower altitudes during the CIRs compared to CMEs. Therefore, this study suggests that during the declining phase of solar cycle (SC 24), the impact of CIRs on the Martian ionospheric species is more prominent compared to CMEs.
Centennial Channel Response to Climate Change in an Engineered River
Authors: Ylla Arbós C. , Blom A. , Sloff C. J. , Schielen R. M. J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHuman intervention makes river channels adjust their slope and bed surface grain size as they transition to a new equilibrium state in response to engineering measures. Climate change alters the river controls through hydrograph changes and sea level rise. We assess how channel response to climate change compares to channel response to human intervention over this century (2000–2100), focusing on a 300‐km reach of the Rhine River. We set up a schematized numerical model representative of the current (1990–2020), non‐graded state of the river, and subject it to scenarios for the hydrograph, sediment flux, and sea level rise. We conclude that the lower Rhine River will continue to adjust to past channelization measures in 2100 through channel bed incision. This response slows down as the river approaches its new equilibrium state. Channel response to climate change is dominated by hydrograph changes, which increasingly enhance incision, rather than sea level rise.
A multi-mode super-fano mechanism for enhanced third harmonic generation in silicon metasurfaces
Authors: Hähnel David , Golla Christian , Albert Maximilian , Zentgraf Thomas , Myroshnychenko Viktor , Förstner Jens , Meier Cedrik 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe present strong enhancement of third harmonic generation in an amorphous silicon metasurface consisting of elliptical nano resonators. We show that this enhancement originates from a new type of multi-mode Fano mechanism. These ‘Super-Fano’ resonances are investigated numerically in great detail using full-wave simulations. The theoretically predicted behavior of the metasurface is experimentally verified by linear and nonlinear transmission spectroscopy. Moreover, quantitative nonlinear measurements are performed, in which an absolute conversion efficiency as high as ηmax ≈ 2.8 × 10−7 a peak power intensity of 1.2 GW cm−2 is found. Compared to an unpatterned silicon film of the same thickness amplification factors of up to ~900 are demonstrated. Our results pave the way to exploiting a strong Fano-type multi-mode coupling in metasurfaces for high THG in potential applications.
Association of plasma cytokines and antidepressant response following mild-intensity whole-body hyperthermia in major depressive disorder
Authors: Flux Michael C. , Smith David G. , Allen John J. B. , Mehl Matthias R. , Medrano Andi , Begay Tommy K. , Middlemist Brandon H. , Marquart Brandon M. , Cole Steven P. , Sauder Christina J. , Lowry Christopher A. , Raison Charles L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhole-body hyperthermia (WBH) shows promise for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Because MDD is associated with increased inflammation, and anti-inflammatory agents show some promise as antidepressants, the current study sought to identify the acute and longer-term immune effects of WBH in participants with MDD and to explore whether these effects associate with the procedure’s antidepressant properties. Thirty participants who met DSM-IV-TR criteria for MDD were randomized to receive a single session of WBH (n = 16) or sham treatment (n = 14). Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) scores were assessed at baseline and 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks post-treatment (WBH vs. sham), and plasma cytokine concentrations were assessed at baseline, immediately post-treatment, and 1 and 4 weeks post-treatment. As previously reported, WBH produced a rapid and sustained antidepressant effect. When compared to sham, WBH increased plasma interleukin (IL)-6 immediately post-treatment (time by treatment: χ2(3, N=108) = 47.33, p < 0.001), while having no effect on other cytokines acutely and no impact on IL-6, or any other cytokine, at 1 or 4 weeks post treatment. In the study sample as a whole, increased IL-6 post-treatment was associated with reduced HDRS depression scores over the 6 weeks of follow-up (F(1, 102.3) = 6.74, p = 0.01). These results suggest a hitherto unrecognized relationship between hyperthermia, the immune system, and depression, and may point to WBH as a novel modality for exploring behavioral effects of IL-6 when the cytokine is activated in isolation from the inflammatory mediators with which it frequently travels.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the developmental program underlying proximal–distal patterning of the human lung at the embryonic stage
Authors: Cao Shangtao , Feng Huijian , Yi Hongyan , Pan Mengjie , Lin Lihui , Zhang Yao Santo , Feng Ziyu , Liang Weifang , Cai Baomei , Li Qi , Xiong Zhi , Shen Qingmei , Ke Minjing , Zhao Xing , Chen Huilin , He Qina , Min Mingwei , Cai Quanyou , Liu He , Wang Jie , Pei Duanqing , Chen Jiekai , Ma Yanlin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe lung is the primary respiratory organ in human, in which the proximal airway and the distal alveoli are responsible for air conduction and gas exchange, respectively. However, the regulation of proximal–distal patterning at the embryonic stage of human lung development is largely unknown. Here we investigated the early lung development of human embryos at weeks 4–8 post fertilization (Carnegie stages 12–21) using single-cell RNA sequencing, and obtained a transcriptomic atlas of 169,686 cells. We observed discernible gene expression patterns of proximal and distal epithelia at week 4, upon the initiation of lung organogenesis. Moreover, we identified novel transcriptional regulators of the patterning of proximal (e.g., THRB and EGR3) and distal (e.g., ETV1 and SOX6) epithelia. Further dissection revealed various stromal cell populations, including an early-embryonic BDNF+ population, providing a proximal–distal patterning niche with spatial specificity. In addition, we elucidated the cell fate bifurcation and maturation of airway and vascular smooth muscle progenitor cells at the early stage of lung development. Together, our study expands the scope of human lung developmental biology at early embryonic stages. The discovery of intrinsic transcriptional regulators and novel niche providers deepens the understanding of epithelial proximal–distal patterning in human lung development, opening up new avenues for regenerative medicine.
Immune cell dynamics deconvoluted by single-cell RNA sequencing in normothermic machine perfusion of the liver
Authors: Hautz T. , Salcher S. , Fodor M. , Sturm G. , Ebner S. , Mair A. , Trebo M. , Untergasser G. , Sopper S. , Cardini B. , Martowicz A. , Hofmann J. , Daum S. , Kalb M. , Resch T. , Krendl F. , Weissenbacher A. , Otarashvili G. , Obrist P. , Zelger B. , Öfner D. , Trajanoski Z. , Troppmair J. , Oberhuber R. , Pircher A. , Wolf D. , Schneeberger S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNormothermic machine perfusion (NMP) has emerged as an innovative organ preservation technique. Developing an understanding for the donor organ immune cell composition and its dynamic changes during NMP is essential. We aimed for a comprehensive characterization of immune cell (sub)populations, cell trafficking and cytokine release during liver NMP. Single-cell transcriptome profiling of human donor livers prior to, during NMP and after transplantation shows an abundance of CXC chemokine receptor 1+/2+ (CXCR1+/CXCR2+) neutrophils, which significantly decreased during NMP. This is paralleled by a large efflux of passenger leukocytes with neutrophil predominance in the perfusate. During NMP, neutrophils shift from a pro-inflammatory state towards an aged/chronically activated/exhausted phenotype, while anti-inflammatory/tolerogenic monocytes/macrophages are increased. We herein describe the dynamics of the immune cell repertoire, phenotypic immune cell shifts and a dominance of neutrophils during liver NMP, which potentially contribute to the inflammatory response. Our findings may serve as resource to initiate future immune-interventional studies.
The potential for coral reef restoration to mitigate coastal flooding as sea levels rise
Authors: Toth Lauren T. , Storlazzi Curt D. , Kuffner Ilsa B. , Quataert Ellen , Reyns Johan , McCall Robert , Stathakopoulos Anastasios , Hillis-Starr Zandy , Holloway Nathaniel Hanna , Ewen Kristen A. , Pollock Clayton G. , Code Tessa , Aronson Richard B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe ability of reefs to protect coastlines from storm-driven flooding hinges on their capacity to keep pace with sea-level rise. Here, we show how and whether coral restoration could achieve the often-cited goal of reversing the impacts of coral-reef degradation to preserve this essential function. We combined coral-growth measurements and carbonate-budget assessments of reef-accretion potential at Buck Island Reef, U.S. Virgin Islands, with hydrodynamic modeling to quantify future coastal flooding under various coral-restoration, sea-level rise, and storm scenarios. Our results provide guidance on how restoration of Acropora palmata, if successful, could mitigate the most extreme impacts of coastal flooding by reversing projected trajectories of reef erosion and allowing reefs to keep pace with the ~0.5 m of sea-level rise expected by 2100 with moderate carbon-emissions reductions. This highlights the potential long-term benefits of pursuing coral-reef restoration alongside climate-change mitigation to support the persistence of essential coral-reef ecosystem services.
Tuning the reactivity of carbon surfaces with oxygen-containing functional groups
Authors: Zhou Jiahua , Yang Piaoping , Kots Pavel A. , Cohen Maximilian , Chen Ying , Quinn Caitlin M. , de Mello Matheus Dorneles , Anibal Boscoboinik J. , Shaw Wendy J. , Caratzoulas Stavros , Zheng Weiqing , Vlachos Dionisios G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOxygen-containing carbons are promising supports and metal-free catalysts for many reactions. However, distinguishing the role of various oxygen functional groups and quantifying and tuning each functionality is still difficult. Here we investigate the role of Brønsted acidic oxygen-containing functional groups by synthesizing a diverse library of materials. By combining acid-catalyzed elimination probe chemistry, comprehensive surface characterizations, 15N isotopically labeled acetonitrile adsorption coupled with magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, machine learning, and density-functional theory calculations, we demonstrate that phenolic is the main acid site in gas-phase chemistries and unexpectedly carboxylic groups are much less acidic than phenolic groups in the graphitized mesoporous carbon due to electron density delocalization induced by the aromatic rings of graphitic carbon. The methodology can identify acidic sites in oxygenated carbon materials in solid acid catalyst-driven chemistry.
Igh and Igk loci use different folding principles for V gene recombination due to distinct chromosomal architectures of pro-B and pre-B cells
Authors: Hill Louisa , Wutz Gordana , Jaritz Markus , Tagoh Hiromi , Calderón Lesly , Peters Jan-Michael , Goloborodko Anton , Busslinger Meinrad 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExtended loop extrusion across the immunoglobulin heavy-chain (Igh) locus facilitates VH-DJH recombination following downregulation of the cohesin-release factor Wapl by Pax5, resulting in global changes in the chromosomal architecture of pro-B cells. Here, we demonstrate that chromatin looping and VK-JK recombination at the Igk locus were insensitive to Wapl upregulation in pre-B cells. Notably, the Wapl protein was expressed at a 2.2-fold higher level in pre-B cells compared with pro-B cells, which resulted in a distinct chromosomal architecture with normal loop sizes in pre-B cells. High-resolution chromosomal contact analysis of the Igk locus identified multiple internal loops, which likely juxtapose VK and JK elements to facilitate VK-JK recombination. The higher Wapl expression in Igμ-transgenic pre-B cells prevented extended loop extrusion at the Igh locus, leading to recombination of only the 6 most 3’ proximal VH genes and likely to allelic exclusion of all other VH genes in pre-B cells. These results suggest that pro-B and pre-B cells with their distinct chromosomal architectures use different chromatin folding principles for V gene recombination, thereby enabling allelic exclusion at the Igh locus, when the Igk locus is recombined.
Polyfluorinated crosslinker-based solid polymer electrolytes for long-cycling 4.5 V lithium metal batteries
Authors: Tang Lingfei , Chen Bowen , Zhang Zhonghan , Ma Changqi , Chen Junchao , Huang Yage , Zhang Fengrui , Dong Qingyu , Xue Guoyong , Chen Daiqian , Hu Chenji , Li Shuzhou , Liu Zheng , Shen Yanbin , Chen Qi , Chen Liwei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSolid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), which are favorable to form intimate interfacial contacts with electrodes, are promising electrolyte of choice for long-cycling lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, typical SPEs with easily oxidized oxygen-bearing polar groups exhibit narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW), making it impractical to increase specific capacity and energy density of SPE based LMBs with charging cut-off voltage of 4.5 V or higher. Here, we apply a polyfluorinated crosslinker to enhance oxidation resistance of SPEs. The crosslinked network facilitates transmission of the inductive electron-withdrawing effect of polyfluorinated segments. As a result, polyfluorinated crosslinked SPE exhibits a wide ESW, and the Li|SPE|LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cell with a cutoff voltage of 4.5 V delivers a high discharge specific capacity of ~164.19 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C and capacity retention of ~90% after 200 cycles. This work opens a direction in developing SPEs for long-cycling high-voltage LMBs by using polyfluorinated crosslinking strategy.