bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A “Nano‐Courier” for Precise Delivery of Acetylcholine and Melatonin by C5a‐Targeted Aptamers Effectively Attenuates Reperfusion Injury of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Xiao Xinyu , Gao Yu , Liu Shanshan , Wang Meijiao , Zhong Min , Wang Jianwei , Jiang Ning , Peng Qiling 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOveractive inflammatory response and excessive oxidative stress are the main pathophysiological culprits for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) that arouse neuronal damage . The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) exerts anti‐inflammatory roles by stimulating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) on microglia to activate the cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway. Simultaneously, as a circadian rhythm‐dependent hormone , melatonin (MT) possesses promising neuroprotective effects that eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ischemic region. Relying on these, a biocompatible fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labeled SiO2@PAA‐MT/ACh nanospheres are constructed to effectively alleviate oxidative stress and polarize microglial phenotype to suppress inflammatory response in cerebral IRI. Despite of biosafety and curative effects of ACh and MT, the poor aggregation in ischemic penumbra hinders their neuroprotection. To address that, complement component 5a (C5a) is used as a molecular target for delivery of ACh and MT. C5a conspicuously exists at local inflammatory sites of cerebral IRI, recruits immune cells, and mediates further release of inflammatory cytokines. Upon binding of anti‐C5a (aC5a) aptamers onto FITC‐labeled SiO2@PAA‐MT/ACh nanospheres, they can effectively target the ischemic penumbra and promote neurological recovery. Taken together, the current study suggests that the FITC‐labeled SiO2@PAA‐MT/ACh‐aC5a nanospheres after intravenous (i.v.) administration can act as an effective targeted nanotherapy to salvage neurons in cerebral IRI.
Pure‐Iodide Wide‐Bandgap Perovskites for High‐Efficiency Solar Cells by Crystallization Control
Authors: Zhang Ruike , Li Lingcong , Wang Wenran , Wu Zhujie , Wang Yao , Hong Jin , Rao Huashang , Pan Zhenxiao , Zhong Xinhua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWide‐bandgap perovskite is a vital part of perovskite‐based tandem solar cells. Currently, wide‐bandgap perovskites are typically based on mixed‐halide (I/Br) materials, but suffer from photoinduced phase separation. The pure‐iodide formamidine/cesium (FA/Cs) based FAxCs1−xPbI3 perovskites with high Cs content are good candidates, whereas the control of crystallization is challenging due to the complex crystallization kinetics. Here, pure‐iodide FA0.5Cs0.5PbI3 wide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells is reported. As an acidic diammonium salt, methylenediaminium dichloride (MDACl2) is applied as an additive to control the whole crystallization process of perovskite films, including both nucleation and crystal growth. Starting from the solution chemistry, the MDACl2 additive with acidity and strong solvation properties can effectively regulate the chemical composition of perovskite precursor, thus inhibiting the growth of undesired 1D intermediates during the nucleation process. Besides, the incorporation of larger‐sized MDA2+ into the lattice compensates for the tolerance factor and accelerates the ion exchange reaction between FA+ and Cs+ in the crystal growth process. As a result, the crystallinity of the perovskite films is significantly improved, benefitting from the dual function of MDACl2. Finally, the efficiency of hole transport layer‐free carbon electrode‐based wide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells reaches 18.52%, which is the highest reported so far.
Supporting Trimetallic Metal‐Organic Frameworks on S/N‐Doped Carbon Macroporous Fibers for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Zhao Yafei , Lu Xue Feng , Wu Zhi‐Peng , Pei Zhihao , Luan Deyan , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHybrid materials, integrating the merits of individual components, are ideal structures for efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the rational construction of hybrid structures with decent physical/electrochemical properties is yet challenging. Herein, a promising OER electrocatalyst composed of trimetallic metal‐organic frameworks supported over S/N‐doped carbon macroporous fibers (S/N‐CMF@FexCoyNi1‐x‐y‐MOF) via a cation‐exchange strategy is delicately fabricated. Benefiting from the trimetallic composition with improved intrinsic activity, hollow S/N‐CMF matrix facilitating exposure of active sites, as well as their robust integration, the resultant S/N‐CMF@FexCoyNi1‐x‐y‐MOF electrocatalyst delivers outstanding activity and stability for alkaline OER. Specifically, it needs an overpotential of 296 mV to reach the benchmark current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a small Tafel slope of 53.5 mV dec−1. In combination with X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, the post‐formed Fe/Co‐doped γ‐NiOOH during the OER operation is revealed to account for the high OER performance of S/N‐CMF@FexCoyNi1‐x‐y‐MOF.
Monolayer Superconductivity and Tunable Topological Electronic Structure at the Fe(Te,Se)/Bi2Te3 Interface
Authors: Moore Robert G. , Lu Qiangsheng , Jeon Hoyeon , Yao Xiong , Smith Tyler , Pai Yun‐Yi , Chilcote Michael , Miao Hu , Okamoto Satoshi , Li An‐Ping , Oh Seongshik , Brahlek Matthew 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe interface between 2D topological Dirac states and an s‐wave superconductor is expected to support Majorana‐bound states (MBS) that can be used for quantum computing applications. Realizing these novel states of matter and their applications requires control over superconductivity and spin‐orbit coupling to achieve spin‐momentum‐locked topological interface states (TIS) which are simultaneously superconducting. While signatures of MBS have been observed in the magnetic vortex cores of bulk FeTe0.55Se0.45, inhomogeneity and disorder from doping make these signatures unclear and inconsistent between vortices. Here superconductivity is reported in monolayer (ML) FeTe1–ySey (Fe(Te,Se)) grown on Bi2Te3 by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Spin and angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy (SARPES) directly resolve the interfacial spin and electronic structure of Fe(Te,Se)/Bi2Te3 heterostructures. For y = 0.25, the Fe(Te,Se) electronic structure is found to overlap with the Bi2Te3 TIS and the desired spin‐momentum locking is not observed. In contrast, for y = 0.1, reduced inhomogeneity measured by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and a smaller Fe(Te,Se) Fermi surface with clear spin‐momentum locking in the topological states are found. Hence, it is demonstrated that the Fe(Te,Se)/Bi2Te3 system is a highly tunable platform for realizing MBS where reduced doping can improve characteristics important for Majorana interrogation and potential applications.
Unusual Temperature Dependence of Water Sorption in Semicrystalline Hydrogels
Authors: Liu Xinyue , Zhang Lenan , El Fil Bachir , Díaz‐Marín Carlos D. , Zhong Yang , Li Xiangyu , Lin Shaoting , Wang Evelyn N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWater vapor sorption is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature and plays an important role in various applications, including humidity regulation, energy storage, thermal management, and water harvesting. In particular, capturing moisture at elevated temperatures is highly desirable to prevent dehydration and to enlarge the tunability of water uptake. However, owing to the thermodynamic limit of conventional materials, sorbents inevitably tend to capture less water vapor at higher temperatures, impeding their broad applications. Here, an inverse temperature dependence of water sorption in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels, where their water uptake can be doubled with increasing temperature from 25 to 50 °C, is reported. With mechanistic modeling of water–polymer interactions, this unusual water sorption is attributed to the first‐order phase transformation of PEG structures, and the key parameters for a more generalized strategy in materials development are identified. This work elucidates a new regime of water sorption with an unusual temperature dependence, enabling a promising engineering space for harnessing moisture and heat.
Liquid–Solid Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Bubble Energy Harvesting
Authors: Li Changzheng , Zhang Hongrui , Wang Yaofeng , Liu Xuyang , Ali Asad , Tian Zhi Qun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBubbles, widely distributed in nature and industry, have been extensively explored as important energy carriers. Despite notable progress, how to harvest the energy inherent in small bubbles remains a significant challenge. Herein, a bubble driven triboelectric nanogenerator (BD‐TENG) that can scavenge energy directly and efficiently from bubbles is explored. The BD‐TENG can generate sustained voltages of up to −120 V when small air bubbles rise in a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tube filled with deionized water. Furthermore, the effects of the tube diameter, electrode length, and bubble volume based on the harvest activity are also investigated. As a proof of concept, it is demonstrated that the BD‐TENG can be utilized to illuminate four blue LEDs. Notably, the conclusion of this research work demonstrates an innovative roadmap for bubble energy harvesting in liquid media.
Structural Water in Amorphous Tungsten Oxide Hydrate Enables Fast and Ultrastable Regulation of Near‐Infrared Light Transmittance
Authors: Zhao Wuxi , Wang Junyi , Tam Brian , Zhang Hewei , Li Fuzhong , Du Anyue , Cheng Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAmorphous tungsten oxides typically show low near infrared (NIR) light selectivity owing to the overlapped modulation of visible and NIR light originating from ion insertion induced polaronic adsorption, and poor cycling stability due to the ion trapping effects during the repeated ion insertion/extraction. Here it is reported that the structural water in amorphous tungsten oxide hydrate can induce selective and fast modulation of NIR light with extremely high cycling stability. The enhanced NIR electrochromic (EC) capability is found to be associated with the dominant pseudocapacitive behavior promoted by the structural water. The pseudocapacitive EC process avoids the deep ion insertion, slow ion diffusion kinetics, and ion trapping effects that typically occur in conventional diffusion‐controlled EC process, leading to high NIR light selectivity, fast response speed, and exceptional cycling stability. By tuning the amount of structural water, it is found that WO3·0.9H2O films show the optimum NIR EC performance with optical modulation of 69%, response times <3 s, coloration efficiency of 312 cm2 C−1, and cycling stability of 12 000 cycles at the wavelength of 1100 nm, which represents the state‐of‐the‐art NIR EC performance for the tungsten oxide‐based EC materials, making it a promising material for managing solar heat.
Development of a Novel Pt3V Alloy Electrocatalyst for Highly Efficient and Durable Industrial Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Acid Environment
Authors: Da Yumin , Jiang Rui , Tian Zhangliu , Chen Ganwen , Xiao Yukun , Zhang Jinfeng , Xi Shibo , Deng Yida , Chen Wei , Han Xiaopeng , Hu Wenbin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlloying platinum with early transition metals is a promising approach to optimize the adsorption behaviors of catalysts. Nevertheless, the large negative redox potential between early transition metals and Pt hinders the fabrication of such alloys. Herein, a strategy combining the thermal shock technique with electrochemical activation to prepare Pt3V alloy as a hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst is reported for the first time. Electrochemical tests show that the as‐prepared catalyst exhibits exceptional catalytic activity and durability in 0.5 m H2SO4, surpassing the state‐of‐the‐art 20 wt.% Pt/C. The catalyst can maintain its activity after 100 h tests without evident decay under the current density of 500 mA cm−2. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the optimized hydrogen absorption and high vacancy formation energy of Pt3V contributes to the enhanced electrocatalytic activity and stability. This work may spur future research for other Pt‐based early transition metal alloy catalysts for electrocatalysis.
Rye–vetch residue quality and plastic mulch affect soil nitrogen dynamics in vegetable production systems
Authors: Hayden Zachary D. , Ngouajio Mathieu , Brainard Daniel C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCover crops can be an important source of nitrogen (N) for organic vegetable production, but N availability depends on the characteristics of the cover crop residues and crop management practices following termination. A 2‐year field experiment in Michigan investigated (1) how the proportion of cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) sown in a cover crop mixture (seven treatments ranging from 100% rye to 100% vetch plus a no‐cover‐crop control) influences cover crop residue quantity and quality and (2) how rye–vetch residue characteristics and the use of black polyethylene mulch (PM) interact to affect soil N dynamics, crop quality, and yield in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and slicing cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) production. Positive correlations among pepper marketable yield, leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD), and average soil inorganic N support that N fertility was a key driver of treatment effects. Higher sown proportions of vetch and the use of PM were generally associated with higher vegetable yields and soil N. The magnitude of yield response to PM was greater in a year with higher precipitation and greater for pepper than cucumber. Percentage of nonmarketable fruit decreased (pepper) and increased (cucumber) with PM. Pore water nitrate concentration below the root zone reflected plow layer N under PM but was more responsive to precipitation under bare ground. Our results demonstrate that PM can be an important tool for preserving N fertility benefits from high N cover crop residues for vegetable production, particularly on sandy soils.
Human migration in the eastern Tianshan Mountains between the 7th and 12th centuries
Authors: He Letian , Cao Huihui , Wang Yongqiang , Liu Ruiliang , Qiu Menghan , Wei Wenbin , Dong Guanghui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveMid‐ to late‐Holocene large‐scale population migration profoundly impacted the interaction of ethnic groups and cultures across Eurasia, notably in Central Asia. However, due to a lack of thorough historical documents, distinctive burial items, and human remains, the process of population migration during this historical era in the area is still unclear. Using an interdisciplinary approach at the Lafuqueke (LFQK) cemetery, this study investigates the spatiotemporal processes and explores the factors that influenced human migration in the eastern Tianshan Mountains between the 7th and 12th centuries.Materials and MethodsIn this study, tooth enamel from 56 human remains found in the LFQK cemetery in Hami Basin, eastern Tianshan Mountains, is examined for strontium and lead isotopes.ResultsThe early, middle, and late phases of migration might potentially be represented by a three‐phase migration model, according to the isotopic study. The highest proportion of the early phase (ca. 7th–mid 7th century) comprised non‐locals (54.55%), although this percentage decreased in the middle phase (mid 7th–mid 8th centuries, 30.77%). After the 10th century, the proportion of non‐locals again fell (16.13%).ConclusionIn this study, the interdisciplinary approach was employed to propose a new model for the diachronic changes that accompanied human migration and cultural interaction in the eastern Tianshan Mountains and identified geopolitics as a significant factor influencing the migratory behavior of LFQK population in this region between the 7th and 12th centuries.
Usefulness of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta compared to aortic cross‐clamping in severely injured trauma patients: Analysis from the Japan Trauma Data Bank
Authors: Haruta Koichi , Endo Akira , Shiraishi Atsushi , Otomo Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2023

AimTo compare in‐hospital mortality of severely injured trauma patients who underwent resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) or aortic cross‐clamping (ACC).MethodsIn this multicenter, retrospective cohort study using data from a nationwide trauma registry of tertiary emergency medical centers in Japan (n = 280), trauma patients who underwent aortic occlusion at the emergency department from 2004 to 2019 were divided into two groups according to the treatment they received: patients treated with ACC and patients who underwent placement of a REBOA catheter. Multiple imputations were used to handle the missing data. In‐hospital mortality of the patients who underwent REBOA or ACC was compared using a mixed‐effect logistic regression analysis and a propensity score‐matching analysis, in which the confounders, including baseline patient demographics and severity, were adjusted.ResultsOf 1,670 patients (1,137 with REBOA and 533 with ACC), 66% were male. The median age was 56 years, and the mortality rate was 55.2% in the REBOA group and 81.6% in the ACC group. The mixed‐effect model regression analysis showed a significantly lower odds ratio for in‐hospital mortality rate in the REBOA group (odds ratio 0.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.12–0.26). A similar odds ratio was observed in the propensity score matching analysis (odds ratio 0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.18–0.40).ConclusionCompared with ACC, REBOA use was associated with decreased mortality in severely injured trauma patients.
Remote Control of One‐Handed Helicity in Polyacetylenes through Flexible Spacers in Water: Impact of the Spacer Length
Authors: Ikai Tomoyuki , Nakamura Koshi , Mizumoto Kosuke , Oki Kosuke , Yashima Eiji 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe report the unprecedented sergeants and soldiers (S&S)‐type remote control of one‐handed helicity in copolymers of chiral/achiral biphenylylacetylenes bearing amphiphilic oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) side chains. A small amount of chiral binaphthyl residues (≤10 mol %) introduced at the terminal of the achiral OEG spacers as many as 80 bonds away from the polymer backbones induced a complete one‐handed helix in water through preferential intramolecular encapsulation of the binaphthyl groups within a cavity of the copolymers. A fully one‐handed helix can be induced virtually independent of the OEG spacer length and concentrations. At a specific spacer length, however, its helix‐sense was inverted. The copolymers also form an excess one‐handed helix in organic solvents in an OEG spacer‐length dependent manner, yet far from the polymer backbones. We show the superiority of the present covalent‐bond driven S&S‐type remote helicity control over the corresponding noncovalent helicity induction approach.
Ligand‐Dictated Regiodivergent Allylic Functionalizations via Palladium‐Catalyzed Remote Substitution
Authors: Wang Xin , Miao Han‐Zhe , Lin Guo‐Qiang , He Zhi‐Tao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDifferent from classical allylic substitutions that require a vicinal leaving group, an olefin bearing a remote leaving group is scarcely viewed as a potential allylation substrate. Herein, we describe feasible protocols to achieve regiodivergent allylic C−H functionalizations via palladium‐catalyzed remote substitution, which provides a novel strategy for the seldomly studied migratory Tsuji–Trost reaction. Dictated by a suitable ligand, a process that involved 4,3‐hydrofunctionalization of the generated conjugated diene intermediate via metal walking is observed in generally >20 : 1 regioselectivity. Unexpectedly, a related 1,4‐hydrofunctionalization pathway is found to be a major route with a newly synthesized electron‐rich bisphosphine ligand, which challenges the conventional viewpoint on the potential regioselectivity of hydrofunctionalizations of linear internal conjugated dienes via η3‐substitution. A series of deuterium experiments and kinetic studies provide a preliminary insight into the potential catalytic cycle.
C64 Nanographene Tetraimide—A Receptor for Phthalocyanines with Subnanomolar Affinity
Authors: Niyas M. A. , Shoyama Kazutaka , Würthner Frank 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhthalocyanines are extensively used by the dye and pigment industry and in photovoltaic and photodynamic therapy research due to their intense absorption of visible light, outstanding stability, and versatility. As pigments, the unsubstituted phthalocyanines are insoluble owing to strong intermolecular π‐π‐stacking interactions, which causes limitations for the solution chemistry for both free base and metalated phthalocyanines. Here we show a supramolecular host–guest strategy to dissolve phthalocyanines into solution. C64 nanographene tetraimide (1) binds two free base/zinc/copper phthalocyanines in a 1 : 2 stoichiometry to solubilize phthalocyanines as evidenced by 1H NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis absorption and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. Binding studies using a tetra‐tert‐butyl‐substituted soluble phthalocyanine revealed binding affinities of up to 109 M−1 in tetrachloromethane, relating to a Gibbs free energy of −52 kJ mol−1. Energy decomposition analysis revealed that complexes between 1 and phthalocyanines are stabilized by dispersion interactions followed by electrostatics as well as significant charge‐transfer interactions.
Navigating post‐trauma realities in family systems: Applying social constructivism and systems theory to youth and family trauma
Authors: Eads Ray 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTrauma affecting youth and families takes a variety of forms, from random one‐time events such as accidents and natural disasters to chronic and highly personal trauma from child abuse or intimate partner violence. Though trauma has received increasing attention in theory and intervention research over the last several decades, the prevailing theories and treatments have limitations due to a linear perspective focused on the trauma problems of the individual. This is particularly concerning given the high dropout rates for trauma‐focused treatments and the complexities of intergenerational trauma that cannot be adequately conceptualised at the level of the individual. To inform and improve family‐based treatment of youth and family trauma, this paper proposes a theoretical framework informed by social constructivism and systems theory. Social constructivism upholds that reality is constructed through communication as an adaptive process for survival, with multiple potential realities possible. Systems theory promotes a non‐linear view of causality within a system, such that the structure and properties of a system determine outcomes more than the inputs that go into the system. Together, the principles of these meta‐theories contradict the orthodox focus on traumatic events causing trauma symptoms, and instead imply that family‐based treatment should focus on helping families shift assumptions and dynamics that sustain the problem in the present. The joint application of a social constructivism–systems theory framework for trauma introduces several new principles to inform family‐based treatment: (a) post‐trauma realities; (b) mutual survival; (c) power–justice balance; and (d) adaptive reorganisation. The implications of these principles for youth and family trauma treatment will be discussed. Future intervention development and research should consider these principles in the ongoing effort to improve family therapy for youth and family trauma.