bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed-methods education of mechanical ventilation for residents in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic: Preliminary interventional study
Authors: Takeda Kenichiro , Kasai Hajime , Tajima Hiroshi , Furukawa Yutaka , Imaeda Taro , Suzuki Takuji , Ito Shoichi 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionIn the current era of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 epidemic, the need for respiratory care, including mechanical ventilatory (MV) management, has increased. However, there are no well-developed educational strategies for training medical personnel dealing with respiratory care in MV management.MethodsA novel mixed-methods hands-on seminar for learning MV management was conducted for the residents at Chiba University Hospital in March 2022. The seminar lasted approximately 2 hours. The learning goal for the residents was to develop skills and knowledge in performing basic respiratory care, including MV, during an outbreak of a respiratory infection. The seminar with a flipped classroom consisted of e-learning, including modules on respiratory physiology and MV management, hands-on training with a low-fidelity simulator (a lung simulator), and hands-on training with a high-fidelity simulator (a human patient simulator). The effectiveness of the seminar was evaluated using closed questions (scored on a five-point Likert scale: 1 [minimum] to 5 [maximum]) and multiple-choice questions (maximum score: 6) at the pre- and post-seminar evaluations.ResultsFourteen residents at Chiba University Hospital participated in the program. The questionnaire responses revealed that the participants’ motivation for learning about MV was relatively high in the pre-seminar period (seven participants [50%] selected level 5 [very strong]), and it increased in the post-seminar period (all participants selected level 5) (p= 0.016). The responses to the multiple-choice questions revealed that the participants did not have enough knowledge to operate a mechanical ventilator, while the total score significantly improved from the pre- to post-seminar period (pre-seminar: 3.3 ± 1.1, post-seminar: 4.6 ± 1.0,p= 0.003).ConclusionsThe seminar implemented in this study helped increase the residents’ motivation to learn about respiratory care and improved knowledge of MV management in a short time. In particular, the flipped classroom may promote the efficiency of education on MV management.
Standard RUTF vs. locally-made RUSF for acutely malnourished children: A quasi-experimental comparison of the impact on growth and compliance in a rural community of Pakistan
Authors: Sarfraz Azza , Ahmed Sheraz , Muhammad Sajid , Rehman Najeeb , Soomro Sanam Iram , Qureshi Khaliq , Jakhro Sadaf , Umrani Fayaz , Greene Adam , Syed Sana , Moore Sean R. , Ali Syed Asad 
Published: July 2023

Background
The reduction in severe and moderate acute malnutrition (SAM and MAM) rates in Pakistan has been sub-optimal compared to other low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Specially-formulated products have been designed globally to manage SAM and MAM, such as ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) and ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF), with variable efficacies. RUTF is primarily produced and patented in industrialized countries, raising supply challenges in resource-constrained regions with a high burden of acute malnutrition. RUSF minimizes costs by using locally-available ingredients while providing similar nutritional value. In this study, we compared the efficacy, side effects, and compliance of two months of supplementation with either RUTF or RUSF.

Methods
Children aged nine months in the rural district of Matiari, Pakistan, with a weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) <-2 received either RUTF (500 kcal sachet) for two months in 2015 or RUSF (520 kcal sachet) for two months in 2018.

Results
The RUSF group had a higher height gain and mid-upper arm circumferences (MUAC) score. Higher compliance was noted with lower side effects in the RUSF group. A higher compliance rate did correlate with the growth parameters in respective groups.

Conclusion
Our study found that both RUTF and RUSF partially improve the anthropometric status of acutely malnourished children, with neither being superior to the other.
Utilization of antiretroviral therapy services and associated factors among adolescents living with HIV in northern Uganda: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Odongo Innocent , Arim Barbara , Ayer Patrick , Murungi Tom , Akullo Susan , Aceng Docus , Oboke Henry , Kumakech Edward , Obua Celestino , Auma Anna Grace , Nyeko Richard 
Published: July 2023

Background
Suboptimal utilization of antiretroviral therapy (ART) services remains a problem among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries, which has a negative impact on their response to treatment and increases the risk of developing resistance. Optimal use is essential to enhancing treatment efficacy. We investigated the optimal use of ART service and predictors among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) in northern Uganda.

Methods
We used a cross-sectional study design to collect quantitative data from 293 ALHIV at three health facilities in Lira municipality, northern Uganda. We used an interviewer-administered questionnaire and data abstraction form. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23 software. Descriptive analysis and logistic regressions were performed to determine the relationship between the predictor and outcome variables. Statistical significance was determined at P-value<0.05 and the adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used.

Results
The level of utilization of ART services was suboptimal among 27.6% (81/293) of the participants, and only 63.1% (185/293) were virally suppressed. Of the participants who were optimally utilizing ART services, the majority 86.8% (184/212) were virally suppressed. Age 10–14 years (aOR = 3.34), the presence of both parents (aOR = 1.85), parental and peer reminders (aOR = 2.91) and (aOR = 0.49) respectively, and being on ART for five years or less were the characteristics related with optimal utilization of ART services.

Conclusions and recommendations
Not all ALHIV used ART services to their full potential. However, factors such as participants’ age, the presence of both parents, reminders from parents and peers, and being on ART for some time were all related to the optimal use of ART services. There is a need for developing strategies to increase family and peer support with a focus on older adolescents if the 95-95-95 goal is to be achieved in this age group.
Diplomasi Digital dan Kebijakan Luar Negeri Indonesia: Resensi Buku
Authors: Al Putra Ferdian Ahya 
Published: July 2023

Buku ini membicarakan mengenai konsep diplomasi yang diterapkan di era digital. Pembahasan pada buku ini mengaitkan dengan kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia serta memfokuskan pada penerapannya di Indonesia yang mengarah pada konteks diplomasi ekonomi. Diplomasi digital atau diplomasi di era digital seringkali dikaitkan dengan situasi saat ini dimana diplomasi dilakukan dengan cara yang berbeda dibandingkan dengan model diplomasi tradisional. Buku ini menekankan bahwa kehadiran diplomasi digital di sini bukan untuk menggantikan diplomasi tradisional, melainkan untuk melengkapi atau memperkuat kinerja negara dalam hubungan internasional atau dalam konteks diplomasi tradisional. Ini berarti bahwa diplomasi dapat dilakukan untuk mempengaruhi berbagai pihak, yang bahkan tidak pernah mengunjungi kedutaan sekalipun.
Analisis Penggunaan Lahan Budidaya Ikan di Kawasan Minapolitan Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat
Authors: Wijanarko Ugeng , Barus Baba , Yulianda Fredinan 
Published: July 2023

Kawasan minapolitan Kabupaten Bogor di Kecamatan Ciseeng, Parung, Gunung Sindur, dan Kemang telah berkontribusi terhadap produksi ikan nasional dan perekonomian daerah. Meskipun demikian, kawasan ini juga mengalami tekanan karena letaknya yang berada di sekitar DKI Jakarta yang semakin berkembang dan semakin meningkatnya kebutuhan lahan untuk permukiman dan pendukungnya. Upaya menjaga produksi ikan di kawasan minapolitan dilakukan dengan menggunakan lahan budidaya yang lebih efisien pada lahan budidaya yang memenuhi syarat karakteristik lahan untuk budidaya ikan dan selaras terhadap RTRW Kabupaten Bogor tahun 2016-2036. Skenario penggunaan lahan tahun 2028 yang terbaik adalah dengan mengimplementasikan peraturan RTRW secara moderat, dimana penggunaan lahan di kawasan perkotaan diutamakan pada permukiman, namun masih diperbolehkan untuk lahan budidaya ikan. Skenario ini masih memberikan waktu penyesuaian pembudidaya untuk alih teknologi jika kegiatan budidaya ikan tetap dilakukan di kawasan permukiman. Kegiatan budidaya ikan di kawasan permukiman (urban agriculture) dapat memperpendek rantai distribusi pemasaran, sehingga lebih efisien.
Assessment and creativity through a translingual lens: transdisciplinary insights
Authors: Campbell Madeleine , Rosenhan Claudia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Outcomes-oriented assessment in translingual language education carries with it the necessary definition of the object of learning and the concomitant verifiability or construct validity of the means of assessment. At the same time, pedagogies for multilingual creativity should ideally seek to identify dimensions that effectively reflect their intended outcome. While reflection and critical thinking increasingly form part of criteria for assessment in language education at all levels, the assessment of these dimensions in relation to creativity has proved more intractable, due in part perhaps to the potentially stifling effect of assessing an elusive quality that is valued for fostering affective engagement with individuals’ unique identity and lived experience and enabling creativity to achieve transformative learning. Recognizing that translingual language play can be sanctioned in the arts as a way of legitimating and giving voice to minoritized and oppressed populations, can lessons be drawn from different disciplines to rejuvenate assessment in language education, for example by placing some of the onus on learners monitoring their own learning? This paper presents a holistic and inclusive, arts-informed pluridimensional lens on creativity in language education whereby new forms of assessment aim to foster tolerance, diversity and translingual practices in the classroom, while resisting the drive to institutionalize the neo-liberal mandates of the creative economy.
Mild hypophosphatasia may be twice as prevalent as previously estimated: an effective clinical algorithm to detect undiagnosed cases
Authors: González-Cejudo Trinidad , Villa-Suárez Juan Miguel , Ferrer-Millán María , Andújar-Vera Francisco , Contreras-Bolívar Victoria , Andreo-López María Carmen , Gómez-Vida José María , Martínez-Heredia Luis , González-Salvatierra Sheila , de Haro Muñoz Tomás , García-Fontana Cristina , Muñoz-Torres Manuel , García-Fontana Beatriz 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Since the prevalence of hypophosphatasia (HPP), a rare genetic disease, seems to be underestimated in clinical practice, in this study, a new diagnostic algorithm to identify missed cases of HPP was developed and implemented.

Methods
Analytical determinations recorded in the Clinical Analysis Unit of the Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio in the period June 2018 – December 2020 were reviewed. A new clinical algorithm to detect HPP-misdiagnosed cases was used including the following steps: confirmation of persistent hypophosphatasemia, exclusion of secondary causes of hypophosphatasemia, determination of serum pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) and genetic study of ALPL gene.

Results
Twenty-four subjects were selected to participate in the study and genetic testing was carried out in 20 of them following clinical algorithm criteria. Eighty percent of patients was misdiagnosed with HPP following the current standard clinical practice. Extrapolating these results to the current Spanish population means that there could be up to 27,177 cases of undiagnosed HPP in Spain. In addition, we found a substantial proportion of HPP patients affected by other comorbidities, such as autoimmune diseases (∼40 %).

Conclusions
This new algorithm was effective in detecting previously undiagnosed cases of HPP, which appears to be twice as prevalent as previously estimated for the European population. In the near future, our algorithm could be globally applied routinely in clinical practice to minimize the underdiagnosis of HPP. Additionally, some relevant findings, such as the high prevalence of autoimmune diseases in HPP-affected patients, should be investigated to better characterize this disorder.
Mapping environment-focused social media, audiovisual media and art, in Sweden: How a diversity of voices and issues is combined with ideological homogeneity
Authors: Doudaki Vaia , Carpentier Nico 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Employing mapping research, this study mapped the populations of environment-focused social media, audiovisual media and art, in Sweden, over a one-year period. The study explored what is being communicated about the environment in Sweden in these fields, by whom, and how it circulates in diverse communicative spaces. The research identified 502 units across the three fields and a multitude of voices addressing environmental issues through these fields. These channels and voices give visibility to diverse topics and perspectives about the environment and human-nature relations. Simultaneously, there is considerable homogeneity, as a majority of the identified social media, audiovisual media and art units clearly align with ecocentric positions that contest the hegemony of anthropocentrism. These ecocentric voices strongly oppose the dominance of human-centered apprehensions of nature that legitimate nature’s exploitation and the drainage of natural resources for economic profit. Instead, they argue for structural changes promoting environmental protection and the rebalancing of human-nature relations.
Promoting clinical reasoning with meta-memory techniques to teach broad differential diagnosis generation in a pediatric core clerkship
Authors: Spahic Harisa , Goplerud Dana , Blatt Carly , Murphy Megan , Golden William Christopher , Pahwa Amit 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Clinical reasoning with generation and prioritization of differential diagnoses (DDx) is a key skill for medical students, but no consensus exists on the best method to teach these skills. Meta-memory techniques (MMTs) may be useful, but the efficacy of individual MMTs is unclear.

Methods
We designed a 3-part curriculum for pediatric clerkship students to teach one of 3 MMTs and provide practice in DDx generation through case-based sessions. Students submitted DDx lists during two sessions and completed pre- and post-curriculum surveys assessing self-reported confidence and perceived helpfulness of the curriculum. Results were analyzed using ANOVA with multiple linear regression.

Results
A total of 130 students participated in the curriculum, with 96 % (125/130) completing at least one DDx session, and 44 % (57/130) completing the post-curriculum survey. On average, 66 % of students rated all three sessions as “quite helpful” (4/5 on 5-point Likert scale) or “extremely helpful” (5/5) without difference between MMT groups. Students generated an average of 8.8, 7.1 and 6.4 diagnoses using the VINDICATES, Mental CT, and Constellations methods, respectively. When controlling for case, case order, and number of prior rotations, students using VINDICATES produced 2.8 more diagnoses than those using Constellations (95 % CI [1.1,4.5], p<0.001). There was no significant difference between VINDICATES and Mental CT (Δ=1.6, 95 % CI [−0.2,3.4], p=0.11) or Mental CT and Constellations (Δ=1.2, 95 % CI [−0.7,3.1], p=0.36).

Conclusions
Medical education should include curricula focused on enhancing DDx development. Although VINDICATES helped students produce the most DDx, further research is needed to identify which MMT generates more accurate DDx.
Characteristics of vitamin D deficiency hypocalcemia inpatient admissions at a single tertiary center
Authors: Bustamante Victoria H. , Estrada Andrea , Merchant Nadia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Severe 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency can result in life-threatening presentations due to hypocalcemia leading to seizures and cardiac arrhythmias. vitamin D deficiency is a common cause of hypocalcemia and rickets in children; however, there are no recent studies on the burden of inpatient admissions in the United States. Our study aims to describe the clinical characteristics and risk factors of inpatient admissions due to severe hypocalcemia and 25(OH)D deficiency at a freestanding academic children’s hospital.

Methods
A descriptive retrospective chart review was completed on all inpatient admissions from 2016 to 2021 for children 0–18 years of age with corrected calcium <8 mg/dL and 25(OH)D <10 ng/mL during admission.

Results
Thirty-eight patients met the inclusion criteria (74 % Black/African American). Neurological signs described in 49 %, bone abnormalities in 17 % and EKG abnormalities in 42 % of the patients. The mean calcium serum level was 6.0 mmol/L (range 5.0–7.9 mmol/L), the mean iCa 0.77 mmol/L (range 0.54–0.99 mmol/L). The mean level of 25(OH)D was 5.5 ng/mL (range 2.1–9.7 ng/mL). The median length of stay was 4.5 (range 1–59 days).

Conclusions
In this retrospective observational study, risk factors identified: (1) Black/African American race (2) age less than two years (3) lack of supplementation of vitamin D and (4) dietary restrictions. Inpatient admissions are preventable through the implementation of education at the community and healthcare levels.
Radikalisierung in Sozialtherapeutischen Einrichtungen: Eine Vollerhebung zur Situation in Deutschland
Authors: Hatton Whitney , Moosburner Maeve , Etzler Sonja , Rettenberger Martin 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Obwohl das Thema Radikalisierung im deutschen Justizvollzug in den letzten Jahren an Relevanz gewonnen hat, gibt es immer noch vergleichsweise wenig empirisches Wissen über die Anzahl an und Versorgung von Extremist*innen in Einrichtungen des Justizvollzugs. Die vorliegende Studie erfasste den aktuellen Stand hinsichtlich Radikalisierungstendenzen in allen N = 71 sozialtherapeutischen Einrichtungen (SothEn) in Deutschland. Dabei wurde davon ausgegangen, dass die SothEn durch ihr integratives Behandlungskonzept Radikalisierungstendenzen frühzeitig erkennen und bearbeiten. Das Thema Radikalisierung war für etwa die Hälfte der SothEn relevant, wobei diese meist keinen Schwerpunkt auf bestimmte Arten der Radikalisierung legten. Insgesamt fanden sich nur relativ wenige Personen, die den Kategorien der Gefährder, Sympathisanten und Gefährdeten in den SothEn zugeordnet wurden. In mehr als zwei Drittel aller SothEn wurde ein differenzierteres Diagnose- bzw. Prognoseverfahren hinsichtlich der Radikalisierungstendenzen durchgeführt, dies größtenteils über externe Organisationen. Für Gefangene waren mehrheitlich Deradikalisierungsmaßnahmen vorhanden, wobei auch hier auf externe Angebote zurückgegriffen wurde. Eine Evaluation der Deradikalisierungsmaßnahmen fand allerdings nur selten statt. Die Ergebnisse wurden vor dem Hintergrund bestehender »Best-Practice-Ansätze« diskutiert und deuten auf eine besondere Eignung Sozialtherapeutischer Einrichtungen für die Arbeit mit Gefährdern, Sympathisanten und Gefährdeten hin.
Freedom: An African Perspective
Authors: Omolewa Michael , Nwachukwu Ruphina U. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper offers a comprehensive discussion on the concept of Africa and freedom, freedoms in indigenous Africa, literacy and freedom from external forces, freedom under colonial rule, the role of World War II, decolonization and the Independence Movement in Africa, independent African and new challenges for freedom and finally a way forward.
Über Freiheit – im pädagogischen Sinn
Authors: Benner Dietrich 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Der Beitrag gliedert sich in drei Abschnitte. Der erste unterstreicht die Aktualität des Themas mit Verweis auf Forderungen der Kinderrechtsbewegung und Erkenntnisse der Hirnforschung und bringt einen Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts geführten Diskurs über die Ableitbarkeit oder Nicht-Ableitbarkeit der Erziehung aus empirischer Anthropologie und Praktischer Philosophie in Erinnerung. Der zweite stellt philosophischen Erörterungen der Freiheitsthematik, die seit der Antike die Erziehungstatsache ausgeblendet haben, einen praxistheoretischen Begriff der Freiheit im pädagogischen Sinn gegenüber, der zwischen Willensfreiheit, Willensbildung und Freiheit vom Willen unterscheidet. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem Ausblick auf Zusammenhänge von Bildsamkeit, Erziehung und Freiheit, die für pädagogische Anschlussreflexionen zur Kinderrechtsbewegung und praxistheoretische Interpretationen von Ergebnissen der Hirnforschung bedeutsam sind.
Recht und Freiheit – Ein juristischer Blick
Authors: Heger Martin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Freiheit ist in der Rechtsordnung kein ungeregelter Zustand und damit eben kein grenzenloses Alleskönnendürfen in einem theoretischen Naturzustand. Umgekehrt bewirkt im Regelfall erst die Normierung von Freiheitsrechten einerseits ihre gerichtliche Durchsetzbarkeit, markiert aber andererseits auch die Grenzen tatsächlich gleicher Freiheit für alle Bürger in einem Rechtsraum. Das gilt heute für die nationale wie europäische Ebene. Freiheitsrechte bilden in liberalen Verfassungsstaaten den Kern der Grundrechtsordnung, sind aber heute mit Gleichheitsrechten und der Menschenwürde verwoben. Dabei kann die soziale Durchsetzung von Freiheitsverbürgungen für alle gelegentlich das individuell verstandene Recht auf Freiheit und Eigentum zurückdrängen.
Freely Associated Production as a Political Ideal
Authors: Rector Tully 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper offers a brief account and defense of freely associated production as a political ideal. I discuss its conceptual structure, specifying what is meant by free association in terms of economic production, the sense in which it is a value for political order, and its approximate place in an historical lineage of reflection on freedom. Given that our economic arrangements are constitutively determined by law and public policy, and involve relations of governing power, the values that legal authority must subserve bear directly on the productive sphere. One of those values – arguably the highest – is relational freedom. Reigning structures of production violate its demands. Without understanding the ways in which that violation occurs, we cannot effectively address some of our most urgent social crises.
Tracking the Observations of Volume Deformation of Concrete under Sulfate Attack through 3D Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Wu Jiang , Ke Qianqian , Wei Jiangxiong , Hu Jie , Zhu Wen , Huang Haoliang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this study, three-dimensional digital image correlation was used to characterize the nonuniform volume deformation of concrete under sulfate attack. Based on the test and results, it was determined that the displacement distribution of the concrete exposed to sulfate attack was inhomogeneous, and the expansion of the concrete in the sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) solution was greater than that in magnesium sulfate (MgSO4). Thus, the distribution of nonuniform expansion and the mechanisms of sulfate attack were identified. Notably, sample expansion did not increase linearly with the content of hydrates such as ettringite and gypsum. The volume expansion of the concrete in the Na2SO4 solution grew slowly when the content of corrosion products was low and developed rapidly with further increases in corrosion products. The volume expansion of the concrete in the MgSO4 solution grew slowly with low corrosion product content, and then the volume expansion slowed down with the accumulation of corrosion products.