bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eggs, hatching and embryos variability in loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta show significant differences among nests coming from two Italian nesting grounds
Authors: Zuffi Marco Alberto Luca , Bollaro Luna , Mancusi Cecilia , Marsili Letizia , Nicolosi Paola , Raimondi Giovanni , Terracciano Giuliana , Caruso Chiara , Tonelli Laura , Venturi Lucia , Mingozzi Toni 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Analysis of embryonic asymmetry may inform on pathologies, metabolic deficiencies or on functional anomalies. In Chelonians, range and relative numbers of abnormalities that occur at the embryonic stages are poorly known. The relative importance of the abnormalities causing embryonic death in the context of the conditions of incubation is not known. As for Caretta caretta, very little information is available on the biometry and anomalies of dead embryos in the Mediterranean basin. We compared data on biometric variability of carapace length and width, flippers asymmetries, clutch size, and hatching success from nests of Loggerhead coming from: the Ionian Calabrian coast (Southern Italy), where nesting has longly documented, and the Northern Tyrrhenian coast (Tuscany, Central Italy), where nesting activity has started only recently. Dead embryos were found inside nests after hatchling emergence. The turtles that nested in the two areas laid similar clutch sizes, but the Northern Tyrrhenian coast shows less hatched eggs and a lower hatching success, higher number of dead embryos and of unhatched eggs. Embryos from the Northern Tyrrhenian coast were significantly smaller than the Ionian Calabrian ones. Estimated stages ranged from 26 to 31b in both regions, stages 29-31b were more abundant in the Ionian Calabrian. Left vs right fore-flipper length varied significantly, with left flipper being longer than right flipper, but this asymmetry did not differ between the two regions. Flipper asymmetry seems to be a shared pattern in both juvenile and adult stages, likely not being the cause of mortality of our studied embryos.
Passages of a Marxist Critique of Art in Peru: From Artworks to Plastic Objects (1976–82)
Authors: Mitrovic Pease Mijail 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This essay explores the theory of the plastic object as it was developed by the Peruvian art critic Mirko Lauer in the 1970s and 1980s, in dialogue with other ideas related to the Teoría Social del Arte (Social Theory of Art) developed in Latin America. Focusing on the Peruvian cultural debate, the author reconstructs Lauer’s trajectory and emphasises his critique of ‘Marxist aesthetics’, and explores them as conceptual tools for discussing the horizon of contemporary art today.
Voluntary Costly Signals in Religious Communities: A Political Interpretation
Authors: Potz Maciej 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The article advances a political interpretation of ritual behavior in religious communes, grounded in costly signaling theory of religion. Both asceticism, often involving self-inflicted pain or severe deprivation, and ecstatic behavior, incurring considerable energetic and emotional expenditure, can perform the role of voluntary costly signals (VCS) – uncoerced displays broadcasting features that predispose the signaler to higher status or position of authority in the community. VCS, as all costly signals, help the group determine the distribution of relevant traits, but, in contrast to most applications of the signaling theory, it is leadership qualifications, and not commitment, that these signals communicate. The discussion of the VCS’ empowering mechanism is illustrated with cross-cultural evidence, focusing on Russian Skoptsy and American Shakers. Voluntary costly signaling had demonstrably contributed to the creation and stability of these groups’ power regimes.
Civilising Violence: International Law and Colonial War in the British Empire, 1850–1900
Authors: Szabla Christopher 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
What was the relationship between international law and colonial warfare in the period of both increasingly formal imperialism and international law’s professionalisation and codification in the nineteenth-century’s second half? Existing work may lead to assumptions that international law would not be seen to apply to colonial wars, or served to justify them alone. This article turns away from previous focuses on the intellectual history of international law, prescriptive sources such as military manuals, and approaches extending from criminal law and colonial policing to demonstrate how and why imperial officials, politicians, and activists believed international law applied to colonial wars. Examining the British Empire, it shows how arguments about the use of international law in this period initially varied in the service of imperial interests, how and why public activism increasingly encouraged a more consistent approach – and discusses implications for the history and present of the law of armed conflict.
Righting Injustices Towards the Sámi
Authors: Sønneland Anne Margrethe , Lingaas Carola 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
One of the mandates of the Norwegian Truth and Reconciliation Commission (trc) is to contribute to reconciliation between the majority population and the Sámi and Kven population. The Commission is tasked to create greater equality between the majority and minority populations as well as increasing the knowledge about the Sámi and Kven population in the majority. In this paper, we will focus on the Sámi indigenous people.
We will examine three aspects: first, the assumption that the reconciliation should be between the majority population and the Sámi population rather than between the State and the population targeted by the Norwegianisation policies. Second, how such a reconciliation between the State and the Sámi is possible when there are ongoing conflicts over the use of land and water, exemplified by the Fosen windmill case. Finally, the trc believes that a common understanding of the Norwegianisation policies and its consequences will lay the foundation for a continued reconciliation between the Sámi and the majority population. The paper discusses the involvement of the majority population in the process as well as the issues of public hearings and reparations.
By means of an interdisciplinary examination of the Norwegian trc, this paper presents sociological and legal perspectives. It draws on research from Latin American trc s, particularly the Peruvian trc, and thereby offers comparative perspectives.
La Nature Juridique du Contrat BOT au Regard de la Jurisprudence et la Doctrine Libanaises
Authors: Waked Jaber Rita 
Published: March 2023

Resumé
Les textes législatifs qui ont dessiné le cadre du contrat BOT au Liban n’ont pas abordé la question de la qualification dudit contrat. Il convient donc de se tourner vers la qualification qui y a été donnée par les tribunaux ainsi que les commentaires qui ont été émis par la doctrine à leur propos. Je analyserai dans cet article les décisions qui ont été rendues jusque-là et qui ont opté dans leur ensemble pour la qualification de ces contrats de contrats de concession avant d’aborder la question de la nature juridique de ces contrats telle qu’envisagée par la doctrine. Nous conclurons par une analyse de la portée des arguments critiquant la qualification du contrat BOT de contrat de concession.
Naturalism and the Projectability Challenge
Authors: Lutz Matt 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In a recent paper in this journal, Bengson, Cuneo and Reiser (hereafter bcr) present a novel epistemic challenge to naturalist moral realism, which they call the Projectability Challenge. The Projectability Challenge aims to show that there is an important epistemic phenomenon, projectability, that naturalists are unable to explain, but which non-naturalists can explain. This flips a familiar dynamic on its head, since it is typically argued that the moral naturalist has epistemic advantages over the moral non-naturalist (see, e.g., Joyce 2006, Ch. 6; Bedke 2009). In this response, I argue that bcr dramatically underestimate the theoretical resources available to naturalists to explain the phenomenon of projectability. While bcr argue that no variety of moral naturalism can explain projectability, I contend that all varieties of moral naturalism can explain projectability. There is no projectability problem for any kind of naturalist realism.
The Effectiveness of Science Diplomacy between Adversarial States: Insights from US–Cuban and US–Iranian Science Collaborations
Authors: Rüland Anna-Lena 
Published: March 2023

Summary
The American Association for the Advancement of Science and the British Royal Society’s science diplomacy taxonomy has received much criticism. Some argue that there is a lack of empirical evidence to underpin the taxonomy’s three science diplomacy dimensions. This particularly applies to the third dimension, science for diplomacy, and its effectiveness. Others criticise the taxonomy for painting the picture of compliant scientists who would discard their academic ideals to support foreign policy objectives. Against the backdrop of these two points of criticism, this study investigates if scientists are willing to support political objectives through science collaborations. It also examines under which conditions science for diplomacy is effective. Using the epistemic community approach, expert interviews and a case study, the study argues that science for diplomacy is effective if it is promoted by a close-knit epistemic community and shows that scientists oppose the instrumentalisation of scientific collaboration for political purposes.
Let’s Just Talk About the Weather: Weather Satellites and Space Diplomacy
Authors: Borowitz Mariel 
Published: March 2023

Summary
Over the past 70 years, the world has established an impressive history of international co-operation on weather monitoring via satellite, but this co-operation has not always been consistent. Following the launch of the first weather satellites, an international World Weather Watch system was established, and the United States engaged in bilateral co-operation and data exchange with the Soviet Union. However, more recently, co-operation in this area has been more challenging. While the World Weather Watch continues to operate, there were questions in the 2010s about the United States’ ability to maintain its full contribution to the international weather monitoring system, and suggestions to pursue bilateral co-operation with China in this area were spurned by Congress. This article investigates the variation in diplomatic efforts in this area, focusing on the key actors involved in space diplomacy, the underlying goals of space diplomacy efforts and the processes by which space diplomacy occurs.
Transitions from the Evangelical Lutheran to the Orthodox Church in Finland
Authors: Kupari Helena 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Since the turn of the millennium, the Orthodox Church of Finland has welcomed up to 1,000 new members annually, excluding infant baptisms. This is over 1.5 percent of the church’s current total membership. In this study, I investigate Finnish cultural workers’ transitions to Orthodox Christianity, based on interviews of twenty-nine people. As a theoretical framework, I use Henri Gooren’s conversion career approach. My interlocutors’ narratives demonstrate how the appeal of Orthodoxy is constructed vis-à-vis the Lutheran-dominated religious and cultural landscape. Another key finding is the overlapping influence of life crises, social networks, and character traits on processes of individual religious change.
Musical Instruments in Samāʿ Literature: al-Udfuwī’s Kitāb al-Imtāʿ bi-aḥkām as-samāʿ
Authors: Klein Yaron 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Samāʿ literature reveals a tension in premodern Islamicate societies. While musical practices were ubiquitous and practiced in many contexts, Islamic legal tradition regarded them with suspicion. Musical instruments occupied a central place in these discussions, perhaps, because as physical objects associated with what is otherwise in the non-tangible domain of sound they were seen as the quintessential manifestation of music. Udfuwī’s Imtāʿ is one of the most comprehensive works in the genre, and its chapter on instruments is unique in both the length and place it ascribes to percussion instruments. Udfuwī argues for their permissibility and stresses their social importance throughout history.
Establishment of in vitro germination of Distichlis spicata and response to osmotic stress
Authors: Castelán-Fentanes María Luisa , García-Morales Soledad , Contreras-Jiménez José Luis , Ríos-Meléndez Selma , Bibbins-Martínez Martha Dolores , Villalobos-López Miguel Angel , Arroyo-Becerra Analilia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Distichlis spicata var. stricta (L) Greene is a grass able to grow during drought or flooding seasons, as well as in poor, saline, and alkaline soils, making it an ideal model system to study salinity and water stress tolerance in plants. However, it is known to have an extremely low germination rate in the field, as low as 3%. Here, we established in vitro conditions to study the factors that affect D. spicata under osmotic and salt stress. Treatments that included mechanical scarification, 4°C stratification, and 20% NaDCC (w/v) disinfection significantly increased the germination rate up to 84% in only 5 days. Furthermore, saltgrass had good seed germination under high salinity (ionic) stress caused by 150 and 200 mM NaCl (50% and 30%, respectively). Saltgrass was sensitive to osmotic agents Mannitol and Sorbitol during the germination stage, suggesting that this is a main limiting developmental stage for D. spicata success under osmotic environments.
Multi-elemental and Strontium-Neodymium Isotopic Signatures in Charred Wood: Potential for Wood Provenance Studies
Authors: Štulc Anna Imbert , Poszwa Anne , Ponton Stéphane , Dupouey Jean-Luc , Bouchez Julien , Bardin Jérémie , Delarue Frédéric , Coubray Sylvie , Lemoine Michel , Rose Christophe , Ruelle Julien , Beuret Maximilien , Tu Thanh Thuy Nguyen , Dufraisse Alexa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The chemical composition of the wood reflects the composition of the soil over which the corresponding tree has developed. Multi-elemental and isotopic signatures, which are characteristic of the soil and underlying rock substrates, are potentially powerful tools for determining wood provenance. These tracers are of special interest for charred archaeological wood because they circumvent some limitations of dendrochronological provenancing linked to tree-ring loss. However, thermal degradation may introduce a significant bias in wood chemical and isotopic analyses. This experimental study focused on the effects of carbonization temperature on three geochemical wood markers: elemental signatures and isotopic signatures of strontium and neodymium (86Sr/87Sr and 143Nd/144Nd, respectively). Wood specimens from a variety of oak trees and stand locations were pyrolyzed at four temperatures (ranging from 200°C to 800°C) and analyzed using ICP-MS and μ-XRF (X-ray fluorescence) spectroscopy for elemental composition and with multiple collection ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS) for strontium (Sr) and neodymium (Nd) isotope composition. The concentration of mineral nutrients generally increased with temperature, but the magnitude of the enrichment depended on the element, wood compartment (sapwood vs. heartwood), and geological substrate. The concentrations of rubidium, strontium, manganese, magnesium, potassium, and, to a lesser extent, calcium, were minimally affected by temperature, wood compartment, and substrate. The ratios between the concentrations of these elements, as well as the 86Sr/87Sr and 143Nd/144Nd isotope ratios, were stable over the entire temperature range. However, only 86Sr/87Sr and selected elemental ratios (calcium or magnesium normalized to manganese) were successful for site discrimination. Therefore, our multi-tracer approach provides promising new information to determine the provenance of charred archaeological wood.
Nomogram for predicting 90-day mortality in patients with Acinetobacter baumannii-caused hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia in the respiratory intensive care unit
Authors: Pei Yongjian , Huang Yongkang , Pan Xue , Yao Zhen , Chen Chen , Zhong Anyuan , Xing Yufei , Qian Bin , Minhua Shi , Zhou Tong 
Published: March 2023

Objective We built a prediction model of mortality risk in patients the with Acinetobacter baumannii (AB)-caused hospital-acquired (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Methods In this retrospective study, 164 patients with AB lower respiratory tract infection were admitted to the respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) from January 2019 to August 2021 (29 with HAP, 135 with VAP) and grouped randomly into a training cohort (n = 115) and a validation cohort (n = 49). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and multivariate Cox regression were used to identify risk factors of 90-day mortality. We built a nomogram prediction model and evaluated model discrimination and calibration using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration curves, respectively. Results Four predictors (days in intensive care unit, infection with carbapenem-resistant AB, days of carbapenem use within 90 days of isolating AB, and septic shock) were used to build the nomogram. The AUC of the two groups was 0.922 and 0.823, respectively. The predictive model was well-calibrated; decision curve analysis showed the proposed nomogram would obtain a net benefit with threshold probability between 1% and 100%. Conclusions The nomogram model showed good performance, making it useful in managing patients with AB-caused HAP and VAP.
Migraine and risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Crowe Holly M , Wesselink Amelia K , Hatch Elizabeth E , Wise Lauren A , Jick Susan S 
Published: March 2023

Background Migraine is associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy through common pathophysiological features. This study evaluates the association between migraine diagnosis and treatment, and risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD, a large longitudinal database of patient records in the UK. We analyzed data from liveborn or stillborn singleton deliveries from 1993–2020 with at least 24 months of medical history and no history of cardiovascular disease (n = 1,049,839). We ascertained migraine through diagnosis or prescription codes before 20 weeks of gestation and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy through diagnosis codes between 20 weeks of pregnancy and delivery. We used log-binomial regression models to estimate the risk ratio and 95% confidence intervals, comparing risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among individuals with migraine to those without migraine, adjusting for confounders. Conclusions A history of migraine prior to pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (RR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.09–1.26). The greatest risk was among those with pre-pregnancy migraine that persisted into the first trimester (RR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.35–2.50). Use of migraine medication was associated with a higher risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy compared to non-migraineurs (RR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.15–1.97). Results from this study indicate that migraine is a potential risk factor for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
Incidence of Delirium in Critically Ill Patients With and Without COVID-19
Authors: Westphal Glauco Adrieno , Fernandes Ruthy Perotto , Pereira Aline Braz , Moerschberger Mayara Schirmer , Pereira Mariana Rodrigues , Gonçalves Anderson Ricardo Roman 
Published: March 2023

Background It is known that patients with COVID-19 are at high risk of developing delirium. The aim of the study was to compare the incidence of delirium between critically ill patients with and without a diagnosis of COVID-19. Methods This is a retrospective study conducted in a southern Brazilian hospital from March 2020 to January 2021. Patients were divided into two groups: the COVID-19 group consisted of patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or serological tests who were admitted to specific ICUs. The non-COVID-19 group consisted of patients with other surgical and medical diagnoses who were admitted to non-COVID ICUs. All patients were evaluated daily using the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC). The two cohorts were compared in terms of the diagnosis of delirium. Results Of the 649 patients who remained more than 48 h in the ICU, 523 were eligible for the study (COVID-19 group: 292, non-COVID-19 group: 231). There were 119 (22.7%) patients who had at least one episode of delirium, including 96 (32.9%) in the COVID-19 group and 23 (10.0%) in the non-COVID-19 group (odds ratio [OR] 4.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.69 to 7.26; p < 0.001). Among patients mechanically ventilated for two days or more, the incidence of delirium did not differ between groups (COVID-19: 89/211, 42.1% vs non-COVID-19: 19/47, 40.4%; p  =  0.82). Logistic regression showed that the duration of mechanical ventilation was the only independent factor associated with delirium (p  =  0.001). Conclusion COVID-19 can be associated with a higher incidence of delirium among critically ill patients, but there was no difference in this incidence between groups when mechanical ventilation lasted two days or more.
Clinical Characteristics Risk Factors Associated With Fungal Infections Among Preterm Infants
Authors: Van Dem Pham , Mai Dinh Thi Phuong , Giang Nguyen Thuy , Thoi Vu Huu , Anh Do Tuan , Hao Cao Thi Bich , Mai Pham Thi , Linh Le Dieu , Tam Ngo Thi , Nam Nguyen Thanh 
Published: March 2023

Objectives To examine clinical characteristics and factors associated with fungal blood infection among preterm neonates in a tertiary hospital in Vietnam. Methods A case-control study of 32 preterm neonates with fungal infection (cases) and 303 preterm infants without fungal infection (controls) were treated at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Pediatrics Department, Bach Mai Hospital, in 2019. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with fungal infection. Results The rate of fungal infection was highest in very preterm infants (62.3%) and those had very low birth weight (60.9%). Among infants with invasive fungal infections, the most common fungus in the study was Candida albicans (56.5%), followed by Candida tropicalis (21.7%) and Candida parrapsilosis (8.7%). In addition, invasive fungal infections in preterm infants were associated with central venous catheterization (odds ratio [OR] = 10.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.5-41.9), anoxia (OR = 12.2, 95% CI = 2.8-53.1), and thrombocytopenia (OR = 4.4, 95% CI = 1.6-12.4). Conclusion Premature babies with invasive fungal infections are mostly very preterm or extremely preterm and have very low birth weight or extremely low birth weights. In addition, children with specific problems such as having a central venous catheter, hypoxia, and thrombocytopenia have a higher risk of fungal infections. These results suggest that appropriate measures are needed to reduce fungal infections and the dangers of fungal infections in this population.