bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine level and its chromosomal distribution in four rye species
Authors: Kalinka Anna , Starczak Marta , Gackowski Daniel , Stępień Edyta , Achrem Magdalena 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The rye genome has a large size with a high level of cytosine methylation, which makes it particularly convenient for studying the occurrence of potential cytosine demethylation intermediates. Levels of global 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and mass spectrometry in four rye species: Secale cereale, Secale strictum, Secale sylvestre, and Secale vavilovii. The amount of 5hmC showed interspecific variation, and was also variable among organs, i.e. coleoptiles, roots, leaves, stems, and caryopses. 5-Formylcytosine (5fC), 5-carboxycytosine (5caC), and 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5hmU) were also found to be present in the DNA of all species; their global level varied among species and organs. The 5hmC level clearly correlated with the 5-methylcytosine (5mC) quantity. The mass spectrometry analysis carried out on the 5mC enriched fraction supported this relationship. Highly methylated sequences also contained higher amounts of 5fC and most of all 5hmU, but not 5caC. The analysis of the distribution of 5hmC in chromosomes distinctly indicated the co-localization of 5mC with 5hmC in the same chromosomal regions. The regularities in the levels of 5hmC and other rare modifications of bases in the DNA may indicate that they play a role in the regulation of the rye genome.
Single-nucleus RNA sequencing and mRNA hybridization indicate key bud events and LcFT1 and LcTFL1-2 mRNA transportability during floral transition in litchi
Authors: Yang Ming-Chao , Wu Zi-Chen , Chen Ri-Yao , Abbas Farhat , Hu Gui-Bing , Huang Xu-Ming , Guan Wei-Song , Xu Yi-Song , Wang Hui-Cong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In flowering plants, floral induction signals intersect at the shoot apex to modulate meristem determinacy and growth form. Here, we report a single-nucleus RNA sequence analysis of litchi apical buds at different developmental stages. A total of 41 641 nuclei expressing 21 402 genes were analyzed, revealing 35 cell clusters corresponding to 12 broad populations. We identify genes associated with floral transition and propose a model that profiles the key events associated with litchi floral meristem identity by analyzing 567 identified floral meristem cells at single cell resolution. Interestingly, single-nucleus RNA-sequencing data indicated that all putative FT and TFL1 genes were not expressed in bud nuclei, but significant expression was detected in bud samples by RT–PCR. Based on the expression patterns and gene silencing results, we highlight the critical role of LcTFL1-2 in inhibiting flowering and propose that the LcFT1/LcTFL1-2 expression ratio may determine the success of floral transition. In addition, the transport of LcFT1 and LcTFL1-2 mRNA from the leaf to the shoot apical meristem is proposed based on in situ and dot-blot hybridization results. These findings allow a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular events during the litchi floral transition, as well as the identification of new regulators.
Lessons learned during the war in Ukraine: a report from the Renal Disaster Relief Task Force of the ERA
Authors: Tuğlular Serhan , Luyckx Valerie , Vanholder Raymond , Skoberne Andrej , Wiecek Andrzej , Nistor İonut , Pawlowicz-Szlarska Ewa , Shroff Rukshana , Ivanov Dmytro , Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Noruisiene Edita , Gallego Daniel , Loboda Olena , Sever Mehmet S 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
People living with kidney disease are among the most vulnerable at times of natural or man-made disasters. In addition to their unpredictable course, armed conflicts impose a major threat given the disruption of infrastructure, sanitation and access to food, water and medical care. The ongoing war in Ukraine has once more demonstrated the importance of preparedness, organization, coordination and solidarity during disasters. People living with kidney disease face serious challenges given their dependence on life-sustaining treatment, irrespective of whether they remain in the war zone or are displaced internally or externally. This especially affects those requiring kidney replacement therapy, dialysis or transplantation, but also patients with other kidney diseases and the medical staff who care for them. Soon after the war started, the European Renal Association assigned a Renal Disaster Relief Task Force dedicated to support the people living with kidney disease and the nephrology community in Ukraine. This report summarizes the major challenges faced, actions taken and lessons learned by this task force. We anticipate that the experience will help to increase preparedness and mitigate the devastating effects of armed conflicts on the kidney community in the future and propose to establish an international collaboration to extend this effort to other parts of the world facing similar challenges.
Breakthrough Invasive Fungal Infection After Coadministration of Venetoclax and Voriconazole
Authors: Hall Victoria G , Tang Kenny , Kumar Deepali , Rotstein Coleman , Chow Signy , Chan Steven M , Husain Shahid , Hosseini-Moghaddam Seyed M 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVenetoclax requires a 75% dose reduction when coadministered with voriconazole. In a 10-year historical cohort of treatment with venetoclax, we did not observe a worse hematologic outcome in patients who received voriconazole prophylaxis versus those who did not. Subtherapeutic voriconazole levels and a triazole exposure history may contribute to breakthrough invasive fungal infection.
Tomato sucrose transporter SlSUT4 participates in flowering regulation by modulating gibberellin biosynthesis
Authors: Liang Yufei , Bai Jiayu , Xie Zhilong , Lian Zhaoyuan , Guo Jia , Zhao Feiyang , Liang Yan , Huo Heqiang , Gong Haijun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The functions of sucrose transporters (SUTs) differ among family members. The physiological function of SUT1 has been studied intensively, while that of SUT4 in various plant species including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is less well-understood. In this study, we characterized the function of tomato SlSUT4 in the regulation of flowering using a combination of molecular and physiological analyses. SlSUT4 displayed transport activity for sucrose when expressed in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and it localized at both the plasma membrane and tonoplast. SlSUT4 interacted with SlSUT1, causing partial internalization of the latter, the main phloem loader of sucrose in tomato. Silencing of SlSUT4 promoted SlSUT1 localization to the plasma membrane, contributing to increased sucrose export and thus increased sucrose level in the shoot apex, which promoted flowering. Both silencing of SlSUT4 and spraying with sucrose suppressed gibberellin biosynthesis through repression of ent-kaurene oxidase and gibberellin 20-oxidase-1 (2 genes encoding key enzymes in gibberellin biosynthesis) expression by SlMYB76, which directly bound to their promoters. Silencing of SlMYB76 promoted gibberellin biosynthesis. Our results suggest that SlSUT4 is a functional SUT in tomato; downregulation of SlSUT4 expression enhances sucrose transport to the shoot apex, which promotes flowering by inhibiting gibberellin biosynthesis.
The Addition of Daytime Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis-specific Exercises to Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Nighttime Bracing Reduces Curve Progression
Authors: Zapata Karina A. , McIntosh Amy L. , Jo Chan-Hee , Virostek Donald 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The effectiveness of physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercises (PSSE) in addition to nighttime bracing compared with nighttime bracing alone is unknown. The purpose of this prospective comparative study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PSSE in skeletally immature patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated with nighttime bracing (PSSE group) compared with the standard of care of nighttime bracing alone (control group).

Methods:
Patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis thoracolumbar or lumbar primary curves <35 degrees at Risser stage 0 who wore a Providence brace were prospectively enrolled into the PSSE or control group. A temperature sensor recorded the number of hours of brace wear. The PSSE group was instructed in the Schroth-based physical therapy method and a home exercise program for at least 15 minutes per day, 5 days per week, for 1 year.

Results:
Seventy-four patients (37 PSSE, 37 controls) were followed until the final visit of skeletal maturity or surgery. The PSSE and control groups had similar baseline Cobb angles (24 vs. 25 degrees) and average hours of brace wear (8.0 vs. 7.3 h). The PSSE group had no change in curve magnitude at the final visit compared with curve progression in the control group (1 vs. 7 degrees, P<0.01). Furthermore, the PSSE group had a lower rate of curve progression >5 degrees at the final visit (14% vs. 43%, P<0.01). The PSSE group also had less conversion to full-time bracing after 1 year (5% vs. 24%, P=0.046), but differences were no longer significant at the final visit (14% vs. 27%).

Conclusions:
In this prospective series of patients in nighttime Providence braces, the addition of Schroth-based physical therapy reduced curve progression after 1 year and at skeletal maturity. These findings can educate motivated families interested in PSSE.

Level of Evidence:
Level II.
Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolic Events in Children With Acute Musculoskeletal Infections
Authors: Purtell Sarah R. , Thornhill Dianne , Loi Michele , Lockwood Justin , Kim John S. , MacBrayne Christine E. , DeVine Mackenzie N. , Sanders Julia , Searns Justin 
Published: March 2023

Background and Objectives:
Venous thromboembolic events (VTE) complicate acute hematogenous musculoskeletal infections (MSKIs) among hospitalized children. However, there is limited guidance for which specific MSKI patients are at the greatest VTE risk. This study aimed to identify VTE risk factors for children hospitalized with MSKIs.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was performed of children hospitalized with MSKIs at a single quaternary care pediatric hospital during a 9-year period. Patients with chronic MSKIs, non-hematogenous infections, or significant contributing comorbidities were excluded. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between patients with and without VTE using forward stepwise conditional multivariable logistic regression to identify VTE risk factors.

Results:
Among 335 included patients, 7 (2.1%) developed a VTE. There was no difference in age, sex, or obesity rates for those with or without VTE. Patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections and/or critical illness were more likely to develop a VTE with summative adjusted odds ratios of 31.7 and 26.4, respectively. In addition, patients with VTEs had longer hospitalizations (median 4.7 vs. 12.8 d, P<0.001), longer courses of intravenous antimicrobials (median 3.7 vs. 13.5 d, P=0.001), and longer time to fever resolution (median 25.7 vs. 162 h, P=0.004).

Conclusions:
VTE prevalence among children with acute MSKIs is low. MRSA infection and critical illness significantly increase the risk for VTE development in these patients. Future prospective studies are needed to determine if VTEs in high-risk MSKI patients can be prevented.
Antisense oligonucleotide therapy for proline-23-histidine autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Justin Grant A. , Girach Aniz , Maldonado Ramiro S. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
To discuss antisense oligonucleotide (ASON) therapy for autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) caused by the proline-23-histidine (P23H) mutation in the rhodopsin gene.

Recent findings
Viral and nonviral therapies to treat adRP are currently under investigation. A promising therapeutic option is a nonviral approach using ASONs. This form of genetic therapy has demonstrated a dose-dependent and highly selective reduction of P23H mutant rhodopsin mRNA in animal models, and it is currently being investigated as a human phase 1/2 clinical trial.

Summary
There are promising new therapies to treat adRP. ASON has shown encouraging results in animal models and has undergone a phase 1 clinical trial. ASON does not use a viral vector, is delivered with standard intravitreal injection, and its effects are reversible.
Postoperative discoloration of a multifocal hydrophobic acrylic lens: case report with laboratory analyses
Authors: Bundogji Nour , Hawn Vivian S. , Micheletti J. Morgan , Sahler Ruth , Werner Liliana 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
A case of discoloration of a multifocal hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL), which was explanted and exchanged as well as underwent laboratory analysis, is reported.

Patient and Clinical Findings:
The patient presented with a corrected distance visual acuity of 20/50 and glare in the right eye 8 years after implantation. Slitlamp examination revealed a nasally decentered IOL with a whitish-brownish haze throughout.

Diagnosis, Intervention, and Outcomes:
The discolored IOL (ZMB00) was explanted and exchanged for a 3-piece IOL (sulcus fixation). Grossly, the explanted IOL showed a whitish discoloration of the optic only after hydration, corresponding to a yellowish-brownish discoloration observed under light microscopy. Back light scattering revealed bulk scatter throughout the optic. Light transmittance (%T) showed a slight progressive decrease starting at 500 nm when compared with %T in the directions for use (DFUs). Although modulation transfer function analysis demonstrated similar values to the control lens, the contrast of U.S. Air Force targets appeared slightly decreased.

Conclusions:
To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of a discolored ZMB00 IOL that underwent explantation and laboratory assessment. Although current analyses did not reveal the etiology of the discoloration, surgeons should be aware of this possible occurrence with this lens design and carefully assess signs and symptoms before explantation.
Leprosy-like reaction occurred during the treatment of a cutaneous Mycobacterium haemophilum infection: A case report
Authors: Chen Weiquan , Zhang Ruining , Zhou Shunting , Zhu Yao , Wu Wei , Yang Yanping , Cai Chuanchuan 
Published: March 2023

Rationale:

Mycobacterium haemophilum is a rare pathogen, belongs to the slowly-growing nontuberculous mycobacterium family, and shares a close evolutionary relationship with Mycobacterium leprae. It is a fastidious organism that requires special media(iron or hemin supplementation)and conditions (incubation at 30–32°C) for growth, which differs from most other pathogenic mycobacteria.

Patient concerns:
A 43-year-old Asian male presented to our outpatient department due to the appearance of multiple infiltrative erythematous nodules and ulcerations on the extremities for more than 2 months.

Diagnoses:
Acid-fast bacteria were detected in the specimen and sequencing for hsp65 and 16S rRNA genes of the pathogen extracted from the biopsy tissue identified as M haemophilum. The diagnosis of cutaneous M haemophilum infection was established.

Interventions:
The patient received a 3-drug regimen (oral clarithromycin 1.0 g/d, rifampicin 0.6 g/d, and moxifloxacin 1.0 g/d) and local hot compression therapy, the dose of immunosuppressant was reduced.

Outcomes:
The lesions gradually improved after 6 months of continuous antibiotic therapy. There is no recurrence of erythema papules and nodules.

Lessons:
This case shows that the patient’s condition may be exacerbated immediately after the initiation of anti-nontuberculous mycobacterium therapy, which is analogous to the leprosy reaction. A high degree of clinical suspicion for the underlying disease is critical to avoid unnecessary interruption of treatment.
Intramedullary brachytherapy for the treatment of long bone metastatic disease: A case report
Authors: O'Neill David Eric , Gannavarapu Bhavani , Hrycushko Brian , Folkert Michael , Timmerman Robert , Callan Alexandra 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Case:
A 56-year-old woman with metastatic melanoma and femoral lesions with impending pathologic fracture was indicated for intramedullary brachytherapy (IMBT) and intramedullary nail.

Conclusions:
IMBT + intramedullary nail is a new technique for the treatment of long bone metastases. IMBT maximizes radiation to the tumor and minimizes radiation to surrounding tissues. It allows the patient to resume systemic treatment expediently. Our cadaver model and patient were both treated for femoral metastases; however, this technique allows for the treatment of any long bone. This is a safe technique that minimizes treatment time compared with other standard radiation regimens.
Virologic response to antiretroviral therapy in people with HIV and tuberculosis in high tuberculosis burden countries
Authors: De Castro Nathalie , Chazallon Corine , Brites Carlos , Messou Eugène , Khosa Celso , Laureillard Didier , Chau Giang D. , Pilotto José H. , Eholié Serge , Delaugerre Constance , Molina Jean-Michel , Wittkop Linda , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Marcy Olivier 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
We sought to compare virologic outcomes on antiretroviral therapy (ART) between people with HIV (PWH) also treated for tuberculosis in the different countries who participated to two randomized trials.

Design:
Pooled analysis of two randomized clinical trials.

Methods:
In the phase II Reflate TB and phase III Reflate TB2 trials conducted in Brazil, Côte d’Ivoire, Mozambique and Vietnam, ART-naïve PWH treated for tuberculosis were randomized to receive raltegravir or efavirenz. We assessed country differences in baseline characteristic using Wilcoxon tests and chi-square, or Fisher's exact test. We used logistic regression to analyze determinants of virologic success, defined as week-48 plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml.

Results:
Of 550 participants (140 from Brazil, 170 from Côte d’Ivoire, 129 from Mozambique and 111 from Vietnam) with median baseline HIV-1 RNA of 5.4 log10 copies/ml, 362 (65.8%) achieved virologic success at week 48. Virologic success rates were: 105/140 (75.0%) in Brazil, 99/170 (58.2%) in Côte d’Ivoire, 84/129 (65.1%) in Mozambique and 74/111 (66.7%) in Vietnam (P = 0.0233). Baseline HIV-1 RNA, but not the country, was independently associated with virologic success: baseline HIV-1 RNA ≥500 000 copies/ml (reference), HIV RNA <100 000 copies/ml odds ratio 3.12 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.94; 5.01] and HIV-1 RNA 100 000–499 999 copies/ml odds ratio: 1.80 (95% CI 1.19; 2.73). Overall, 177/277 (63.9%) patients treated with raltegravir and 185/273 (67.9%) patients treated with efavirenz had a plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml at week 48.

Conclusions:
Virologic response to antiretroviral therapy in PWH with TB varied across countries but was mainly driven by levels of pretreatment HIV-1 RNA.
Risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes among people with HIV and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Krishnan Arunkumar , Sims Omar T. , Surapaneni Phani Keerthi , Woreta Tinsay A. , Alqahtani Saleh A. 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
To examine and compare the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) between people with HIV (PWH) with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Design:
Population-based, multicenter, retrospective cohort study.

Methods:
Data on PWH between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2020 were extracted from the TriNetX database. Primary outcomes were defined as the first incidence of myocardial infarction (MI), MACE, new-onset heart failure (HF), and a composite of cerebrovascular disease. Cox models were used to obtain hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:
A total of 151 868 patients were identified as having HIV. After exclusions, 4969 patients were identified as having NAFLD. Of them, 4463 (90%) were propensity matched to a non-NAFLD control. Patients with NAFLD were older (42.9 versus 40.8 years). Among the NAFLD cohort, most participants were male and had a smoking history (12.3 versus 9.8%) than non-NAFLD. The mean follow-up was 4.8 ± 1.1 years for the NAFLD group and 5.3 ± 1.2 years for the non-NAFLD group. The risk of all outcomes was statistically significantly higher in NAFLD patients compared to those without NAFLD: MI (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.11–2.01) MACE (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.25–1.79), HF (HR, 1.73; 95% CI 1.37–2.19) and, cerebrovascular diseases (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.05–1.48) and sensitivity analysis showed similar magnitude to the one generated in the primary analysis.

Conclusions:
Patients with NAFLD have an elevated risk of adverse cardiovascular events (CVEs). The results indicate the need for targeted efforts to improve awareness of risks factors associated with adverse CVEs risk in PWH with NAFLD.
Definition of New Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Analysis of Maxillomandibular Sagittal Relationship for Orthodontics and Orthognathic Surgery: Normative Data Based on 700 CBCT Scans
Authors: Ertty Ertty , Méndez-Manjón Irene , Haas Orion Luiz , Hernández-Alfaro Federico , Meloti Fernanda 
Published: March 2023

The objective of the study was to define the norm of new 3-dimensional cephalometric analysis of maxillomandibular sagittal relationship with the patient in Natural Head Position. A cross-sectional study was performed using 700 consecutives cone beam computed tomography datasets of pre-orthodontic patients received for three-dimensional craniofacial analysis. To stablish the clinical norm of the new sagittal reference (linear distance A-B), the correlation with the gold standard (ANB angle) was estimated with the Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Subsequently, the prognostic values of the linear distance A-B was calculated to define the clinical norm. The sample was composed by 463 women (66.1%) and 237 men (33.9%). The mean age was 30 ± 14,5 years old (range 6–71 y old). According to the skeletal class classification (ANB), 46.1% (323) were class I, 42% (294) class II, and 11.9% (83) class III. The regression model found that each additional grade of the ANB angle imply a mean increase of 1.24 mm of the distance A-B (P<0.001). The normative value of the linear distance A-B was obtained through the prognostic values of the distance for the limits of the ANB norm 0 to 4. These values were on the range of 0.52 to 5.48 mm. Therefore, the clinical norm for cephalometric maxillomandibular sagittal relationship using linear distance from point A-B is: 3±2.48 mm. With this new approach, we can define the skeletal sagittal relationship of the patient in natural head position overcoming the limitations of using intracranial or occlusal plane references improving the diagnosis and orthognathic surgical planning process.