bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Side Reaction Turned Positive: Synchronous OER Manipulating the Electrocatalytic Properties of Anodic Electrodeposited Lead Dioxide
Authors: Guo Hua , Li Xinyuan , Li Mingtao , Yang Liu , Yan Wei , Xu Hao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe preparation and modification of porous electrodes are an important component of the new generation electrochemical oxidation technology. Rapid preparation of porous electrodes can be easily achieved by synchronous oxygen bubble electrodeposition. However, according to the reaction mechanism of lead dioxide anodic electrodeposition, there is bound to be a competitive reaction of adsorbed hydroxyl radicals in the oxygen bubble template method, which means that synchronous OER impacts both the surface morphology and potentially the crystalline structure of the metal oxides. Clarifying the comprehensive influence of synchronous OER on the morphology and microstructure of the coating is important. In this work, the electrodeposition process of porous lead dioxide coating is regulated by the way of linear potential increase and realized the rapid preparation of high‐performance porous lead dioxide coating within 40 s. The morphology and microstructure, electrical, and electrochemical properties are characterized, combined with theoretical calculation and orthogonal analysis, to investigate the regulatory mechanism of the rapid growth of the porous lead dioxide by the electric potential. It is demonstrated that synchronous OER confers porous morphology and a large number of defects to the coating in situ, and enhancing the electrocatalytic oxidation performance of the electrode.
Enhancing Interfacial Interactions Through Microwave‐Irradiated Reduction for the Recycling of Photovoltaic Silicon Waste for Lithium Storage
Authors: Zhou Jie , She Chunling , Liu Yan , Li Yawen , Yao Wangbing , Zheng Zhuoyuan , Zhu Yusong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe application of micro‐nano size photovoltaic waste silicon (wSi) as an anode material for lithium‐ion battery holds significant practical potential; However, it faces a series of challenges related to the volume expansion of Si during cycling. In this study, a simple, efficient, and eco‐friendly microwave method is proposed for the rapid preparation of graphene‐coated silicon materials (wSi@rGO) in just a few seconds, in which graphene as the stable interface mitigates structural failure caused by significant volume expansion, enhances electron and ion conductivity, inhibits undesirable side reactions between silicon and electrolyte, and promotes the stability of solid electrolyte interface (SEI). Importantly, the instantaneous high temperature generated by microwaves facilitates the formation of interfacial SiC chemical bonds, which strengthen the interaction between Si and graphene, thereby reducing Si delamination. The wSi@rGO anode exhibits remarkable cycling stability, maintaining a specific capacity of 1100 mA h g−1 over 250 cycles. Furthermore, the assembled wSi@rGO//LiFePO4 full battery demonstrates robust performance, retaining a stable capacity of 150 mA h g−1 after 80 cycles at 0.5 C. This research not only demonstrates a straightforward and efficient microwave technique for synthesizing wSi@rGO anode materials, but also offers an environmentally friendly and economical pathway for recycling photovoltaic waste silicon, contributing positively to carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.
A Microwave‐Strengthened Supramolecular Adhesive: from Flexible Pressure Sensitive Bonding to Strong and Muti‐Reusable Hot Melt Bonding
Authors: Li Yuquan , Liu Siyuan , Xu Jiang‐Fei , Zhang Xi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA microwave‐strengthened supramolecular adhesive by introducing maleic acid amide bonds into the cross‐linked networks of catechol‐based monomers and iron oxide nanoparticles is reported. Under microwave irradiation, the supramolecular adhesive can be rapidly heated up, causing the transformation from maleic acid amide bonds to maleimide bonds and thus the increase of its cohesive strength. The supramolecular adhesive can flexibly bond substrates like pressure sensitive adhesives during the bonding procedure and shows an adhesion strength of 0.5 MPa toward ceramic. After microwave strengthening, it can strongly bond substrates like hot melt adhesives and shows a dramatically increased adhesion strength of 5.0 MPa, 10 times stronger than the original value. Moreover, the microwave‐strengthened supramolecular adhesive can be reused 3 times with negligible loss in adhesion strength, exhibiting outstanding multiple reusability. By combining both high flexibility and high adhesion strength, it is anticipated that the supramolecular adhesive can be of great potential in cultural relics restoration and microelectronics.
Copper wire electric explosive crushing of large‐size reinforced concrete columns
Authors: Sun Yixuan , Wang Xiaodong , Wang Xinzhi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe application of pulse power discharge technology for the demolition of reinforced concrete structures offers several advantages, including energy savings, environmental protection, high construction efficiency, and the potential for recycling building materials. To investigate the effects of this technology on the crushing of large reinforced concrete columns, a finite element model of these columns was developed using ABAQUS software. The columns have dimensions of 600 mm × 600 mm and 700 mm × 700 mm. Two rows of holes with a specific depth were arranged along the length of the column. Simulation tests of copper wire electric explosion in water were conducted within these column holes. This study investigated the effects of the amount of longitudinal reinforcement, transverse stirrups, and concrete strength on the crushing effect. The impact load generated by the underwater electric explosion of copper wire on a concrete column was simulated using the coupled Euler–Lagrange method. For the first time, varying explosive source densities were proposed to represent different discharge energy levels. The concrete cracks induced by the impact load were modeled using a cohesion model, allowing for real‐time measurement of crack width to assess the crushing effect. Simulation results indicate that increasing the longitudinal reinforcement ratio on one side from 0.46% to 0.80% results in an average decrease of 29% in transverse crack width. Furthermore, elevating the volumetric percentages of stirrups from 0.38% to 0.81% leads to an average reduction of 35.6% in longitudinal crack width. The crushing effect of concrete columns diminishes slightly with an increase in concrete strength. Based on the simulation results, mathematical expressions for transverse crack width and longitudinal crack width, as well as key parameters such as longitudinal reinforcement ratio, volumetric percentages of stirrups, and concrete strength, were established. These findings can serve as a reference for the promotion and application of this technology.
STEM Teacher Characteristics and Mobility: Longitudinal Evidence From the American Midwest, 2010 Through 2023
Authors: Lam Chanh B. , Liu Yujia , Anglum J. Cameron , Nguyen Tuan D. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study examines the demographics, qualifications, and turnover of STEM teachers in Kansas and Missouri—two contiguous, predominantly rural states in the Midwestern region of the United States. The existing literature lacks detailed insights regarding U.S. STEM teachers, especially with recent economic and social changes over the COVID‐19 pandemic, and there is particularly limited evidence regarding STEM teachers in the U.S. Midwest. Utilizing large‐scale administrative longitudinal data, we filled part of this gap by documenting the characteristics and turnover patterns of STEM teachers in Kansas and Missouri over a 13‐year period, from 2010 through 2023. Our analysis shows declining trends among young and early‐career STEM teachers, STEM certification, and rising STEM teacher turnover, especially post‐COVID‐19. We found particularly high turnover rates in urban schools and schools with the highest shares of students of color and poverty. We also found numerous factors of STEM teacher turnover, including salary and employment in schools serving high percentages of minoritized and low‐income students, as well as differential turnover patterns among school geographical circumstances. This work is the first comprehensive examination of STEM teachers in Kansas and Missouri. We offer insights into the teacher workforce of the traditionally overlooked U.S. Midwest. Our results suggest important policy implications for sustaining a diverse and qualified STEM teacher workforce in the U.S. amid post‐COVID‐19 social changes, thereby informing decision making at state and national levels that aim to foster equitable access to high‐quality STEM education among students in diverse contexts, while contributing to the U.S.'s long‐term economic growth, sustainability, and the world's advancement of STEM education.
Combined Effect of Nanoparticles of Silver and Silica to HeLa Cells: Synergistic Internalization and Toxicity
Authors: Li Chen‐Si , Liu Jie , Zhang Qiangqiang , Tang Xue‐Rui , Liu Yuan‐Yuan , Cao Aoneng , Wang Haifang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe wide range of applications and the enormous production of nanomaterials have raised the possibility that humans may simultaneously contact with various nanomaterials through multiple routes. Although numerous toxicity studies have been conducted on the toxicity of nanomaterials, knowledge of the combined toxicity of nanomaterials remains limited. Herein, the combined toxic effects of the two types of the most widely used nanomaterials, silver and silica, were studied on HeLa cells. In addition, considering there may have possible interplay between nanoparticles of different sizes, two different‐sized silica nanoparticles (SNPs) were used. The results indicate that compared with individual exposure, the combined exposure to 35 nm silver nanoparticles (Ag35) and 40 nm or 120 nm SNPs (SNP40 or SNP120) at individual non‐toxic concentrations causes more severe cytotoxicity, manifested by the ROS overgeneration, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP level, and increased apoptosis/necrosis. The internalized Ag35 and its dissolved Ag ions that are delivered into cells by adsorbing on SNPs are identified as the primary contributors to the combined toxicity. Although the cytotoxicity of the mixed Ag35 and SNP40 is comparable to that of the mixed Ag35 and SNP120, there are noticeable differences in their intracellular contents and their subcellular locations due to size effects. This study provides in‐depth insights into the combined toxicity of inorganic nanoparticles and highlights the importance of the size effect of nanoparticles in their nanotoxicity assessment.
A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis on the Prevalence of Aflatoxin M1 in Dairy Products in Selected Middle East Countries
Authors: Arghavan Bahareh , Kordkatuli Kosar , Mardani Helia , Jafari Ali 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundHuman consumption of dairy products contaminated with aflatoxin (AF) M1 can lead to severe health issues. This AF's significance and impact on health necessitate a thorough investigation of its prevalence in dairy products.ObjectivesThis study aims to determine the prevalence of AFM1 in dairy products through a systematic review and meta‐analysis, focusing on data from Middle Eastern countries.MethodsWe identified relevant studies through electronic database searches (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) up to August 2023. We employed a random‐effects model to derive an overall estimate and used 95% confidence intervals to determine pooled prevalence rates.ResultsThe meta‐analysis included 193 studies encompassing 297,530 samples of dairy products. The results showed that AFM1 contaminated 87% of dairy products. The following is a ranking of countries based on the prevalence of AFM1 in their dairy products: Iran > Jordan > Turkey > Kuwait > Lebanon > Syria > Egypt > Cyprus > the United Arab Emirates. The current meta‐analysis indicated that Middle Eastern countries exhibited a high prevalence of AFM1 in dairy products. The prevalence rates for AFM1 in various dairy products were as follows: milk (87%), yogurt (68.9%), cheese (63.6%), kashk (62.9%), doogh (55.6%) and ice cream (54%). Pasteurized milk (99.5%), ultra‐high temperature (91.3%), raw milk (73%) and traditional milk (51%), among other milk types, had the highest contamination rates.ConclusionThe study reveals a high prevalence of AFM1 in dairy products, particularly in Middle Eastern countries. Given the critical importance of milk and dairy products in the diet, special measures are needed to safeguard their quality and protect consumers from AF contamination.
Electoral Integrity and Election Management in Nigeria: The Case of the 2023 General Election
Authors: Madueke Onyedikachi , Enyiazu Chukwuemeka 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAlthough Nigeria has maintained periodic elections since 1999, the quality of these elections is often questioned. Marred by several irregularities, including vote buying, falsification of results, and over‐voting, Nigerian elections often fall short of international standards. Focusing mainly on the 2023 presidential election, this study interrogated how organizational attributes of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) contribute to the overall integrity of electoral processes in Nigeria. It relied on data from interviews, the Internet, and documents to assess INEC's organizational efficiency. We found that INEC's significant constraints are corruption, lack of adherence to its rules, and lack of independence. Although the new Electoral Act signed into law by the Nigerian president in 2022 ought to strengthen the capacity and independence of INEC, in practice, the activities of INEC are still massively influenced by political interferences, thereby making it challenging for the body to conduct credible elections. Addressing this challenge will help Nigeria institutionalize the conduct of free, fair, and credible elections.
Clinical characteristics and BGA-optimized pretest probability of pulmonary embolism in the elderly
Authors: Pätz T. , Gruber K. , Kupp S. , Schmidtke G.-M. , Fürschke A. , Sayk F. , Stiermaier T. , Eitel I. , Wolfrum S. , Meusel M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Pulmonary arterial embolism (PE) is not well characterized in elderly patients. In addition, unnecessary computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) examinations are often performed within this patient group, especially if the pretest probability is low.

Objective
To identify differences in clinical presentation in patients aged ≥80 years compared to patients <80 years and the effect of a BGA-optimized pretest probability to reduce unnecessary CTPAs according to age category.

Materials and methods
A retrospective analysis of patients with suspected PE and subsequent CTPA was performed, with evaluation of clinical data including capillary blood gas analysis (BGA) parameters (including standardized partial pressure of oxygen [sPaO2]) over a 5-year period. Subsequently, the clinical characteristics of patients with confirmed PE were compared between the two age groups. In addition, an age-adjusted analysis of a BGA-optimized algorithm was performed in patients with a low pretest probability (PTP) according to the Wells score to reduce unnecessary CTPAs.

Results
PE was confirmed in 433 of 1538 patients with suspected PE, of which n = 98 (22.6%) were ≥ 80 years of age. Elderly patients with PE were less frequently male (p < 0.001), had lower rates of tachycardia (p = 0.021), but higher rates of cardiovascular disease history (p = 0.001) and oxygen administration at admission (p = 0.006) compared to those < 80 years. Signs of right heart dysfunction (p = 0.047) and elevated cardiac biomarkers (troponin: p < 0.001; nt-pro-BNP: p = 0.026) were also more common in the elderly. Additionally, simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (sPESI, p < 0.001) and in-hospital or 30-day death risk (p < 0.001) were higher in the elderly. Using a BGA-optimized algorithm with sPaO2, unnecessary CTPA examinations were reduced by 33.2% in younger patients (75 of 226 without PE) and 23.5% in elderly patients (8 of 34 without PE).

Conclusions
Elderly patients with PE are characterized by higher clinical risk markers and elevated mortality rates compared to younger patients. In patients with suspected PE but low PTP, however, a significant number of unnecessary CTPAs could be avoided by using an BGA-optimized pretest algorithm in elderly patients.
Multidisciplinary treatment is necessary in glioblastoma with extracerebral metastases
Authors: Pepper Niklas B. , Steike David R. , Yppärilä-Wolters Heidi , Müther Michael , Wiewrodt Dorothee , Berssenbrügge Hendrik , Grauer Oliver , Lenz Philipp , Stummer Walter , Eich Hans T. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
While glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults, extracerebral manifestations are very rare in this highly aggressive disease with poor prognosis.

Methods
We conducted a systematic literature review in the PubMed database and complemented the data by inclusion of a case treated in our clinic. In this context, we report on a 60-year-old woman with a right frontal glioblastoma, IDH wildtype, MGMT methylated.

Results
Six months after initial diagnosis and primary treatment, there was extensive local intracranial progression with additional extension into the subcutaneous and frontotemporal cranial bones. Despite continuation of multimodal treatment, further extracerebral manifestations occurred 11 months after the initial diagnosis, both in the cranial bone as well as metastases in the right parotid gland, cervical lymph nodes, and lungs. While local radiotherapy enabled the cerebral lesions to be controlled, the patient’s clinical condition deteriorated rapidly despite simultaneous systemic therapy. The treatment had to be discontinued, and the patient died 5 weeks after confirmation of the multilocal extracerebral manifestations and a total of 12 months after initial diagnosis.

Conclusion
Extracerebral manifestations of glioblastoma require close collaboration and joint decision-making with the patient, with an emphasis on palliative strategies.
Bacteriocin-Producing Enterococci Modulate Cheese Microbial Diversity
Authors: Teso-Pérez Claudia , López-Gazcón Areli , Peralta-Sánchez Juan Manuel , Martínez-Bueno Manuel , Valdivia Eva , Fárez-Vidal María Esther , Martín-Platero Antonio M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cheese production involves various lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that break down lactose, milk proteins, and fats, producing key nutrients and influencing the cheese’s flavor. They form communities that play a crucial role in determining the cheese’s organoleptic properties. The composition of cheeses’ microbial communities is shaped by physicochemical factors (e.g., temperature, pH, and salinity) and biological factors (i.e. microbial interactions). While starter cultures are introduced to control these communities, non-starter LAB represent a significant portion of the final microbial assemblage, but their interactions remain unclear. LAB often produce bacteriocins, antimicrobial peptides that antagonize other bacteria, but their role within LAB communities is not fully understood. This study aimed to assess the impact of bacteriocin production on LAB diversity in cheese, using Enterococcus as a model organism, a common bacteriocin producer. We analyzed enterocin production of enterococcal isolates by antimicrobial assays and microbial diversity differences in raw milk cheeses by two approaches: 16S RNA gene amplicon metagenomic sequencing for the whole microbial community and multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) for the enterococcal diversity. Our results revealed that LAB communities were dominated by lactococci, lactobacilli, and streptococci, with enterococci present in lower numbers. However, cheeses containing bacteriocin-producing enterococci exhibited higher microbial diversity. Interestingly, the highest diversity occurred at low levels of bacteriocin producers, but this effect was not observed within enterococcal populations. These findings suggest that bacteriocin production plays a key role in shaping LAB communities during cheese ripening, although further research is needed to understand its broader implications in other microbial ecosystems.
The role of facet joint degeneration in the treatment success of transforaminal epidural steroid injection: a retrospective clinical study
Authors: Sekizkardes Tutuncu Merve , Sencan Savas , Kurt Canan Bilekyigit , Kokar Serdar , Gunduz Osman Hakan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) is highly effective in alleviating radicular back pain. While predictive factors for TFESI treatment outcomes have been previously studied, there is a lack of data on the relationship between facet joint degeneration and TFESI efficacy. This study is aimed at studying the impact of facet joint degeneration on TFESI treatment outcomes for unilateral radicular pain.

Design
A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with unilateral radicular pain who underwent lumbosacral TFESI. Pain severity was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) at baseline, 1 h post-procedure, and 3 weeks post-procedure. Degree of facet joint degeneration was evaluated via MRI. Patients were categorized into two groups: low-grade facet joint degeneration group (group 1) and high-grade facet joint degeneration group (group 2).

Results
A total of 147 patients were included in the study. NRS scores were significantly higher in group 2 compared to group 1 at the 3rd week follow-up. Treatment success, defined as a ≥ 50% reduction in NRS scores, was also significantly higher in group 1.

Conclusion
Facet joint degeneration adversely impacts the treatment success of TFESI. A comprehensive evaluation of facet joint pathologies prior to procedure planning is imperative for optimizing treatment outcomes.