bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare usage and expenditure among people with type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension in Cambodia: results from a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Chhim Srean , Te Vannarath , Buffel Veerle , van Olmen Josefien , Chham Savina , Long Sereyraksmey , Yem Sokunthea , Van Damme Wim , Wouters Edwin , Por Ir 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveTo assess usage of public and private healthcare, related healthcare expenditure, and associated factors for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and/or hypertension (HTN) and for people without those conditions in Cambodia.MethodsA cross-sectional household survey.SettingsFive operational districts (ODs) in Cambodia.ParticipantsData were from 2360 participants aged ≥40 years who had used healthcare services at least once in the 3 months preceding the survey.Primary and secondary outcomeThe main variables of interest were the number of healthcare visits and healthcare expenditure in the last 3 months.ResultsThe majority of healthcare visits took place in the private sector. Only 22.0% of healthcare visits took place in public healthcare facilities: 21.7% in people with HTN, 37.2% in people with T2D, 34.7% in people with T2D plus HTN and 18.9% in people without the two conditions (p value <0.01). For people with T2D and/or HTN, increased public healthcare use was significantly associated with Health Equity Fund (HEF) membership and living in ODs withcommunity-based care. Furthermore, significant healthcare expenditure reduction was associated with HEF membership and using public healthcare facilities in these populations.ConclusionOverall public healthcare usage was relatively low; however, it was higher in people with chronic conditions. HEF membership andcommunity-based carecontributed to higher public healthcare usage among people with chronic conditions. Using public healthcare services, regardless of HEF status reduced healthcare expenditure, but the reduction in spending was more noticeable in people with HEF membership. To protect people with T2D and/or HTN from financial risk and move towards the direction of universal health coverage, the public healthcare system should further improve care quality and expand social health protection. Future research should link healthcare use and expenditure across different healthcare models to actual treatment outcomes to denote areas for further investment.
Rates of breast feeding and associated factors for First Nations infants in a hospital with a culturally specific caseload midwifery model in Victoria, Australia: a cohort study
Authors: Springall Tanisha , Forster Della Anne , McLachlan Helen L , McCalman Pamela , Shafiei Touran 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesThere is an urgent need to improve breast feeding rates for Australian First Nations (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander) infants. We explored breast feeding outcomes of women having a First Nations infant at three sites that introduced a culturally specific continuity of midwife care model.DesignWomen having a First Nations infant booking for pregnancy care between March 2017 and November 2020 were invited to participate. Surveys at recruitment and 3 months post partum were developed with input from the First Nations Advisory Committee. We explored breast feeding intention, initiation, maintenance and reasons for stopping and factors associated with breast feeding.SettingThree tertiary maternity services in Melbourne, Australia.ParticipantsOf 479/926 eligible women approached, 343 (72%) completed the recruitment survey, and 213/343 (62%) the postnatal survey.OutcomesPrimary: breast feeding initiation and maintenance. Secondary: breast feeding intention and reasons for stopping breast feeding.ResultsMost women (298, 87%) received the culturally specific model. Breast feeding initiation (96%, 95% CI 0.93 to 0.98) was high. At 3 months, 71% were giving ‘any’ (95% CI 0.65 to 0.78) and 48% were giving ‘only’ breast milk (95% CI 0.41 to 0.55). Intending to breast feed 6 months (Adj OR ‘any’: 2.69, 95% CI 1.29 to 5.60; ‘only’: 2.22, 95% CI 1.20 to 4.12), and not smoking in pregnancy (Adj OR ‘any’: 2.48, 95% CI 1.05 to 5.86; ‘only’: 4.05, 95% CI 1.54 to 10.69) were associated with higher odds. Lower education (Adj OR ‘any’: 0.36, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.98; ‘only’: 0.50, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.96) and government benefits as the main household income (Adj OR ‘any’: 0.26, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.58) with lower odds.ConclusionsBreast feeding rates were high in the context of service-wide change. Our findings strengthen the evidence that culturally specific continuity models improve breast feeding outcomes for First Nations women and infants. We recommend implementing and upscaling First Nations specific midwifery continuity models within mainstream hospitals in Australia as a strategy to improve breast feeding.
Associations between HIV status and self-reported hypertension in a high HIV prevalence sub-Saharan African population: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Davis Katherine , Moorhouse Louisa , Maswera Rufurwokuda , Mandizvidza Phyllis , Dadirai Tawanda , Museka Tafadzwa , Nyamukapa Constance , Smit Mikaela , Gregson Simon 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesThis study examined whether HIV status and antiretroviral therapy (ART) exposure were associated with self-reported hypertension in Zimbabwe.DesignStudy data were taken from a cross-sectional, general population survey, which included HIV testing (July 2018–December 2019).SettingThe data were collected in Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe.Participants9780 people aged 15 years and above were included.Outcome measureSelf-reported hypertension was the outcome measure. This was defined as reporting a previous diagnosis of hypertension by a doctor or nurse. After weighting of survey responses by age and sex using household census data, χ2tests and logistic regression were used to explore whether HIV status and ART exposure were associated with self-reported hypertension.ResultsThe weighted prevalence of self-reported hypertension was 13.6% (95% CI 12.9% to 14.2%) and the weighted prevalence of HIV was 11.1% (10.4% to 11.7%). In univariable analyses, there was no evidence of a difference in the weighted prevalence of self-reported hypertension between people living with HIV (PLHIV) and HIV-negative people (14.1%, 11.9% to 16.3% vs 13.3%, 12.6% to 14.0%; p=0.503) or between ART-exposed and ART-naive PLHIV (14.8%, 12.0% to 17.7% vs 12.8%, 9.1% to 16.4%,p=0.388). Adjusting for socio-demographic variables in logistic regression did not alter this finding (ORs:HIV status:0.88, 0.70 to 1.10, p=0.261; ART exposure:0.83, 0.53 to 1.30, p=0.411).ConclusionsApproximately one in seven PLHIV self-reported having hypertension, highlighting an important burden of disease. However, no associations were found between HIV status or ART exposure and self-reported hypertension, suggesting that it will be valuable to focus on managing other risk factors for hypertension in this population. These findings should be fully accounted for as Zimbabwe reorients its health system towards non-communicable disease control and management.
Protocol of HOTFy: randomised clinical trial to hyperbaric oxygen therapy in fibromyalgia
Authors: Mota Neto José , Mendes Adriano Fernando , Martins Anita Fernanda Magalhães , Landa Aline Teixeira de , Fraga Rafael de Oliveira , Souza Viviane Angelina de , Raposo Nádia Rezende Barbosa 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionFibromyalgia is a polysymptomatic syndrome with a prevalence between 0.2% and 13% of the population and causes work disabilities in approximately half of affected patients. Several treatments to fibromyalgia have been proposed with partial improvement. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and when it should be introduced to fibromyalgia.Methods and analysisThis is a protocol for an open-label, crossover, randomised clinical trial comparing treatment with hyperbaric oxygen therapy and standardised treatment to fibromyalgia. In the proposed study, 56 individuals with fibromyalgia will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio into a single, fixed, random block, in which one group will receive hyperbaric oxygen therapy and another will receive standard treatment. Subsequently, the groups will be crossed. Participants will be evaluated at baseline, eight and 16 weeks based on functional impairment assessed with the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire—Brazilian Portuguese version, psychopathological symptoms questionnaire and short-form quality of life questionnaire. The improvement of symptoms concerning the moment of therapy used will be compared between groups. For sample size calculation, a moderate effect size, 80% power and 95% CI will be estimated, in a total of 46 patients. Considering a dropout of 20%, 56 patients should be recruited.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Teaching Hospital ethics committee and assigned the number 53058421.9.0000.5133 (version 3). The results will be disseminated via publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations in medical meetings.Trial registration numberRBR-6prps8g)/UTN U1111-1278-3224.
Pain in autoimmune inflammatory myopathies: a scoping review
Authors: Leclair Valérie , Tsui Harmony , Hudson Marie 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundPain is considered a priority for research by adult patients with autoimmune inflammatory myopathy (AIM) and their families. Our aim was to review the literature for studies reporting on pain in adult AIM and to summarise their findings.MethodsA scoping review was conducted searching for studies in PubMed and MEDLINE including more than five adult patients with AIM and assessing pain using a patient-reported outcome measure. Study population characteristics, pain measurement and clinical correlates of pain were extracted using a standardised protocol.ResultsThe search strategy identified 2831 studies with 33 meeting inclusion criteria. Most studies used visual analogue scales (n=14) and/or the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Bodily Pain Scale (n=17). Frequency of pain and/or myalgias ranged from 64% to 100%. Subjects with AIM had significantly more pain than the general population and comparable pain to other chronic rheumatic diseases. Insufficient results were available to identify significant clinical correlates of pain in AIM.ConclusionThis review suggests that the burden of pain in AIM is considerable. Still, due to the heterogeneity and low quality of the evidence, significant knowledge gaps persist. Studies are needed to characterise pain trajectories of patients with AIM.
Estimation of structural and optical properties of transparent PS/ZnO nanocomposite foils for UV shielding and photonic applications
Authors: Barala Monika , Mohan Devendra , Sanghi Sujata , Siwach Bulkesh , Poonam  
Published: January 2023

The structural and optical characteristics of polystyrene (PS) and ZnO nanoparticles embedded in polystyrene as polymeric nanocomposite foils (PS/ZnO) were examined. The sol–gel process was utilized to make ZnO nanoparticles with a diameter of less than 50 nm. The solution casting process was used to prepare pure PS and PS/ZnO nanocomposite foils. The PS/ZnO nanocomposite foils were very transparent in the visible region as-synthesized, but due to substantial absorption in the UV area, absorbent peaks were formed at 264 nm and 364 nm, and these foils serve as UV absorbers. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) of ZnO embedded polystyrene nanocomposite foils studied the crystal structure of the flexible foils. Optical properties and optical constants including band gap were studied by transmittance, absorbance, and reflectance spectra that are obtained by UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The Wemple DiDomenico single oscillator model was used to estimate the dispersion energy parameters ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], optical moments ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], the density of states ([Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]), dispersion of refractive index ([Formula: see text], and plasma frequency ([Formula: see text] of the investigated foils. Semi-empirical relations were used to estimate the nonlinear index of refraction ([Formula: see text] and third-order optical nonlinear susceptibility ([Formula: see text]. PS/ZnO nanocomposite foils operate as UV absorbents and are a promising preference for photonic applications due to their optical characteristics.
CD161 Characterizes an Inflamed Subset of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Associated with Prolonged Survival in Human Papillomavirus–Driven Oropharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Wei Ye , Xu Tingting , Li Chong , Zhou Xin , Qian Wei , Shen Chunying , Wang Qifeng , Xing Xing , Ou Xiaomin , He Xiayun , Yin Hongmei , Hu Chaosu , Wang Yu , Ji Qinghai , Su Fengtao , Lu Xueguan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV)–driven oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPSCC) is distinct from tobacco- or alcohol-associated OPSCC and has a unique immune landscape. Studies have supported the heterogeneity of T cells, accompanied by a broad repertoire of T-cell responses, within tumors driven by HPV infection. However, the phenotype and function of these HPV-related T cells remain unclear. Using a combination of single-cell RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, pharmacologic inhibition, and immunofluorescence staining, we explored the prognostic implication of HPV-related T cells and further validated our findings in two independent cohorts. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) within OPSCC displayed a spectrum of transcriptional signatures. Among which, we identified CD161 receptor, encoded by KLRB1, as a potential marker to distinguish the CTL subsets in HPV-positive OPSCC with a divergent evolutionary trajectory. In-depth analysis revealed that CD161+ CTLs exhibited a more robust immune response over the CD161− counterparts and a T cell–inflamed phenotype that could be further reinvigorated by immune-checkpoint blockade. Despite the high expression of exhaustion markers, reinforcement of CD161+ CTL reactivity was expected to boost immune responses, considering their functional reversibility. We further confirmed that the high level of intratumoral CD161+ CTLs associated with a favorable treatment response and prolonged overall survival. Therefore, our research not only provides an insight into the immune landscape of HPV-driven OPSCC but also sheds light on a special subset of CTLs with prognostic and therapeutic significance.
P. gingivalisInfection Upregulates PD-L1 Expression on Dendritic Cells, Suppresses CD8+ T-cell Responses, and Aggravates Oral Cancer
Authors: Ren Junling , Han Xiao , Lohner Hannah , Hoyle Rosalie G. , Li Jiong , Liang Shuang , Wang Huizhi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAccumulating evidence shows that PD-L1 expression on dendritic cells (DC) is critical for cancer immunotherapy and that Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) colonization aggravates the progression of upper gastrointestinal cancers. However, the effects of Pg infection on PD-L1 expression on DCs and related immune consequences in the infection milieu of oral cancer remain unexplored. Here, we found that Pg infection robustly enhanced PD-L1 expression on DCs in a gingipain-dependent manner in cultured cell and systemic infection assays. Pg infection suppressed antigen-specific CD8+ T cells through upregulation of PD-L1 expression on ovalbumin (OVA)-pulsed DCs. This suppression was manifested by decreased IFNγ, perforin, granzyme B, and CD107a. Further analysis showed that Pg drastically reduced CD8+ T cells’ ability to lyse OVA-pulsed target cells. Additionally, Pg infection increased the phosphorylation of Akt and STAT3, leading to a significant increase in PD-L1 expression. This was substantiated by using siRNA, overexpression plasmids, and pharmacologic inhibitors. Consistent with the in vitro observations, in a syngeneic mouse oral cancer model, Pg infection significantly enhanced PD-L1 expression on DCs from intratumoral tissues and cervical lymph nodes and exacerbated oral cancer progression, whereas a Pg lysine-specific, gingipain-defective mutant failed to do so. These influences of Pg were largely diminished when tumor cells were pretreated with antibiotics or a STAT3 inhibitor. Therefore, we demonstrated that Pg infection upregulates PD-L1 expression on DCs through Akt-STAT3 signaling, suppresses CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity, and aggravates oral cancer growth, suggesting targeting Pg, and/or its mediated signaling, could be a therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy.
Palliative Care Across the Life Span for Children With Heart Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Blume Elizabeth D. , Kirsch Roxanne , Cousino Melissa K. , Walter Jennifer K. , Steiner Jill M. , Miller Thomas A. , Machado Desiree , Peyton Christine , Bacha Emile , Morell Emily ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Pediatric Heart Failure and Transplantation Committee of the Council on Lifelong Congenital Heart Disease and Heart Health in the Young
Published: January 2023

Aim:
This summary from the American Heart Association provides guidance for the provision of primary and subspecialty palliative care in pediatric congenital and acquired heart disease.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature search was conducted from January 2010 to December 2021. Seminal articles published before January 2010 were also included in the review. Human subject studies and systematic reviews published in English in PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane Collaboration were included.

Structure:
Although survival for pediatric congenital and acquired heart disease has tremendously improved in recent decades, morbidity and mortality risks remain for a subset of young people with heart disease, necessitating a role for palliative care. This scientific statement provides an evidence-based approach to the provision of primary and specialty palliative care for children with heart disease. Primary and specialty palliative care specific to pediatric heart disease is defined, and triggers for palliative care are outlined. Palliative care training in pediatric cardiology; diversity, equity, and inclusion considerations; and future research directions are discussed.
Energeia in the Magna Moralia
Authors: Wolt Daniel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
There is no clear consensus among scholars about the authenticity of the Magna Moralia. Here I present a new case for thinking that the work was composed by a later Peripatetic, and is not, either directly or indirectly, the work of Aristotle. My argument rests on an analysis of the author’s usage of ἐνέργεια, which is a fruitful way to investigate the date of the work: the term was apparently coined by Aristotle but in later antiquity came to be used in ways inconsistent with Aristotle’s own usage. I argue that in several passages from the Magna Moralia the term is used in this distinctively late sense and that it is not plausible to think that this innovation could have occured in Aristotle’s own lifetime or shortly thereafter.
The Realism of Discourse: Critical Reflections on the Work of Kevin Schilbrack
Authors: Rasmussen Filip 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing number of scholars who have argued that “religion” is a specifically modern category which first emerged in Western Europe in the seventeenth century and was further developed, and extended to the rest of the world, in the context of colonialism. This, in turn, has led to a discussion of what these studies mean for the study of religion. In this article, I examine an influential answer to this question as it emerges in the work of Kevin Schilbrack, who argues in favour of a critical realist position. I argue, however, that Schilbrack misrepresents the nature of one of the other main theoretical approaches on offer, namely the discursive study of religion. This is a problem because of the relational nature of Schilbrack’s project, in that he argues for his own position based on the problems he identifies in other alternatives.
Modeling the Flow Response to Surface Heterogeneity during a Semi-Idealized Diurnal Cycle
Authors: Janzon Erik , Arnqvist Johan , Shapkalijevski Metodija , Körnich Heiner , Rutgersson Anna 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
To characterize the effects of subgrid surface heterogeneity, the blending-height concept has been developed as a coupling strategy for surface parameterization schemes used in numerical weather prediction models. Previous modeling studies have tested this concept using stationary conditions with one-dimensional strips of surface roughness. Here, large-eddy simulations are used to examine the response of the blending height and effective surface roughness to tiled land-cover heterogeneity, or a two-dimensional chessboard pattern of alternating high and low vegetation given a diurnal cycle of solar irradiance in subarctic conditions. In each experiment, the length scale of the roughness elements is increased while the total domain fraction of each vegetation type is kept constant. The effective surface roughness was found to decrease with increasing length scale of surface cover heterogeneity, which is shown to have a significant impact on estimated wind turbine power calculated from logarithmic wind profiles. In stable conditions, the blending height in cases with large heterogeneity length scales was found to exist well above the surface layer. Because the behavior of the blending height has implications for coupled models, a simple model for the blending height as a function of heterogeneity length scale is introduced.
Statistical Modeling of 2-m Temperature and 10-m Wind Speed Forecast Errors
Authors: Bouallègue Zied Ben , Cooper Fenwick , Chantry Matthew , Düben Peter , Bechtold Peter , Sandu Irina 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Based on the principle “learn from past errors to correct current forecasts,” statistical postprocessing consists of optimizing forecasts generated by numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. In this context, machine learning (ML) offers state-of-the-art tools for training statistical models and making predictions based on large datasets. In our study, ML-based solutions are developed to reduce forecast errors of 2-m temperature and 10-m wind speed of the ECMWF’s operational medium-range, high-resolution forecasts produced with the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS). IFS forecasts and other spatiotemporal indicators are used as predictors after careful selection with the help of ML interpretability tools. Different ML approaches are tested: linear regression, random forest decision trees, and neural networks. Statistical models of systematic and random errors are derived sequentially where the random error is defined as the residual error after bias correction. In terms of output, bias correction and forecast uncertainty prediction are made available at any point from locations around the world. All three ML methods show a similar ability to capture situation-dependent biases leading to noteworthy performance improvements (between 10% and 15% improvement in terms of root-mean-square error for all lead times and variables), and a similar ability to provide reliable uncertainty predictions.