bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated behavioral scoring: Do we even need humans?
Authors: Kenkel Will 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe development of automated behavior scoring technology has been a tremendous boon to the study of social behavior. However, completely outsourcing behavioral analysis to a computer runs the risk of overlooking important nuances, and researchers risk distancing themselves from their very object of study. Here, I make the case that while automating analysis has been valuable, and overautomating analysis is risky, more effort should be spent automating the collection of behavioral data. Continuous automated behavioral observations conducted in situ have the promise to reduce confounding elements of social behavior research, such as handling stress, novel environments, one‐time “snapshot” measures, and experimenter presence. Now that we have the capability to automatically process behavioral observations thanks to machine vision and machine learning, we would do well to leverage the same open‐source ethos to increase the throughput of behavioral observation and collection. Fortunately, several such platforms have recently been developed. Repeated testing in the home environment will produce higher qualities and quantities of data, bringing us closer to realizing the ethological goals of studying animal behavior in a naturalistic context.
A finite element analysis of stress distribution with various directions of intermaxillary fixation using orthodontic mini‐implants and elastics following mandibular advancement with a bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy
Authors: Lee Mi‐Young , Park Jae Hyun , Park Sung‐Jin , Chang Na‐Young , Chae Jong‐Moon 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis finite element analysis (FEA) aimed to assess the stress distribution in the mandible and fixation system with various directions of the intermaxillary fixation (IMF) using mini‐implants (MIs) and elastics following mandibular advancement with a bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO).Materials and MethodsA total of nine mandibular advancement models were set according to the position of the MIs (1.6 mm in diameter, 8 mm in length) and direction of the IMF elastics (1/4 inch, 5 oz). Major and minor principal stresses in the cortical and cancellous bones, von Mises stresses in the fixation system (miniplate and monocortical screws), and bending angles of the miniplate were analysed.ResultsCompressive and tensile stress distributions in the mandible and von Mises stress distributions in the fixation system were greater in models with a Class III IMF elastic direction and a higher IMF elastic force than in models with a Class II IMF elastic direction and a lower IMF elastic force. The bending angle of the miniplate was negligible.ConclusionsStress distributions in the bone and fixation system varied depending on the direction, amount of force, and position of IMF elastics and MIs. Conclusively, IMF elastics in the Class II direction with minimal load in the area close to the osteotomy site should be recommended.
Combined abutment screw and implant platform fracture of screw‐retained bridge
Authors: Bapat Ranjeet , Chaubal Tanay V. , Patil Pravinkumar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDental implant failure can be due to biological or technical problems. The incidence of implant body fracture is rare with less than 1.5% of the reported cases. The implant body fracture can be due to implant design, manufacturing defect, non‐passive fit of the prosthetic framework, and physiologic and/or biomechanical overload. We report a rare event of combined fracture of abutment screws and the neck of implant fixtures of two implants restored with fixed bridge in mandibular left first and second molar region. The dilemma of identifying this situation with stepwise clinical events is described in detail. The implant platform fracture was diagnosed with the help of cone beam computed tomography in addition to the clinical examination. The severe mesial prosthetic cantilever and severe lingual inclination of the implants were found to be the possible causative factors. Both the implants were removed with the help of trephine burs, and patient was recalled after 3 months for re‐evaluation.
Preservational modes of some ichthyosaur soft tissues (Reptilia, Ichthyopterygia) from the Jurassic Posidonia Shale of Germany
Authors: De La Garza Randolph G. , Sjövall Peter , Hauff Rolf , Lindgren Johan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractKonservat‐Lagerstätten, such as the Toarcian (Early Jurassic) Posidonia Shale of southwestern Germany, are renowned for their spectacular fossils. Ichthyosaur skeletons recovered from this formation are frequently associated with soft tissues; however, the preserved material ranges from three‐dimensional, predominantly phosphatized structures to dark films of mainly organic matter. We examined soft‐tissue residues obtained from two ichthyosaur specimens using an integrated ultrastructural and geochemical approach. Our analyses revealed that the superficially‐looking ‘films’ in fact comprise sections of densely aggregated melanosome (pigment) organelles sandwiched between phosphatized layers containing fibrous microstructures. We interpret this distinct layering as representing condensed and incompletely degraded integument from both sides of the animal. When compared against previously documented ichthyosaur fossils, it becomes readily apparent that a range of preservational modes exists between presumed ‘phosphatic’ and ‘carbonized’ soft‐tissue remains. Some specimens show high structural fidelity (e.g. distinct integumentary layering), while others, including the fossils examined in this study, retain few original anatomical details. This diversity of soft‐tissue preservational modes among Posidonia Shale ichthyosaurs offers a unique opportunity to examine different biostratinomic, taphonomic and diagenetic variables that potentially could affect the process of fossilization. It is likely that soft‐tissue preservation in the Posidonia Shale was regulated by a multitude of factors, including decay efficiency and speed of phosphatic mineral nucleation; these in turn were governed by a seafloor with sustained microbial mat activity fuelled by high organic matter input and seasonally fluctuating oxygen levels.
Alopecia areata and occurrence of vitiligo and hypothyroidism in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy‐candidiasis‐ectodermal dystrophy patients
Authors: Englander Hanna , Ferré Elise M. N. , Schmitt Monica M. , Lionakis Michail S. , Castelo‐Soccio Leslie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAutoimmune polyendocrinopathy‐candidiasis‐ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is an inherited disorder of immunity which leads to increased risk for mucocutaneous candidiasis and multiorgan autoimmune disease. While alopecia areata (AA) has been described in some patients with APECED, the extent and timing of AA is not well established and extent and timing of concomitant vitiligo and hypothyroidism has not been described. We evaluated an APECED cohort followed at the National Institutes of Health for the timing of development of associated diseases. We found AA occurred earlier in those with APECED than in the general population, was rarely the first sign of APECED, and the timing of AA onset did correlate with the timing of onset of vitiligo or hypothyroidism which also occurred at high rates and early age.
Gender disparities in isotretinoin prescribing patterns for pediatric patients before and during practice changes introduced by the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Tan Alice J. , Xia Joyce , Herringshaw Emilee , Mayur Omkar , Iqbal Arshia , Cucka Bethany , Biglione Bianca , Locascio Joseph J. , Kroshinsky Daniela 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIsotretinoin is a systemic therapy approved for acne and has historically required lab monitoring in addition to adherence to the iPLEDGE Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) given the medication's teratogenic effects. The COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in the expansion of telemedicine, acceptance of remote pregnancy tests, and relaxation of lab monitoring practices. A retrospective review of 142 pediatric patients was conducted, and multivariate linear regression was performed to examine differences in prescribing patterns pre‐COVID and during COVID. Backward elimination identified gender and the interaction between acne severity and number of systemic treatments tried before isotretinoin as significant factors associated with increased number of visits to isotretinoin initiation, with females requiring more visits before starting isotretinoin at every acne severity level and even after accounting for systemic treatments previously tried. While the changes catalyzed by the pandemic may have improved visit‐related burdens for patients and caregivers, female patients with acne continue to be delayed in receiving isotretinoin even when adjusting for acne severity and systemic treatments trialed, underscoring persistent gender disparities in prescribing practices for isotretinoin.
COVID‐19 vaccine acceptance: A comparative longitudinal analysis of the association between risk perception, confidence, and the acceptance of a COVID‐19 vaccine
Authors: Martinelli Mauro , Veltri Giuseppe A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFollowing the outbreak of COVID‐19, scientists rushed to develop vaccines to protect individuals and ferry the world out of the pandemic. Unfortunately, vaccine hesitancy is a major threat to the success of vaccination campaigns. Research on previous pandemics highlighted the centrality of perceived risk and confidence as core determinants of vaccine acceptance. Research on COVID‐19 is less conclusive, and frequently it relies on one‐country, cross‐sectional data, thus making it hard to generalize results across contexts and observe these relationships over time. To bridge these gaps, in this article, we analyzed the association between perceived risk, confidence, and vaccine acceptance cross‐sectionally at individual and country levels. Then, we longitudinally explored whether a within‐country variation in perceived risk and confidence was correlated with a variation in vaccine acceptance. We used data from a large‐scale survey of individuals in 23 countries and 19 time‐points between June 2020 and March 2021 and comparative longitudinal multilevel models to estimate the associations at different levels of analysis simultaneously. Results show the existence of cross‐sectional relationships at the individual and country levels but no significant associations within countries over time. This article contributes to our understanding of the roles of risk perception and confidence in COVID‐19 vaccines’ acceptance by underlining that these relationships might differ at diverse levels of analysis. To foster vaccine uptake, it might be important to address individual concerns and persisting contextual characteristics, but increasing levels of perceived risk and confidence might not be a sufficient strategy to increase vaccine acceptance rates.
Improving Feature Extraction Through Closely-Coupled Integration of Fixture Analysis
Authors: Castano Fernando , Gaines Daniel M. , Hayes Caroline C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a view of feature extraction as a process that involves consideration of manufacturing tools, processes and the fixtures to be used. This view is implemented in MEDIATOR. Some feature extractors use almost entirely geometric considerations [29], others use process and tool information which is often implicitly encoded in the data structures to help guide the feature extraction process. Our view of feature extraction is similar to the second approach in that process and tool information is also used. However, we take this approach one step further and also use fixture information to determine features. The reason behind this is that a feature is considered relevant because there is a method for producing it in the task domain. The set of possible tools, tool motions and fixtures that can be used is generated during feature extraction in MEDIATOR and selection of specific fixture and details are done later in process planning. Advantages of this method include the ability to use task information to strongly constrain the search for valid features, increased likelihood that features recognized will be manufacturable and directly usable by the process planner, and ease of modifying the feature extractor.
An Analogical Problem Solving Approach to Planning for Disassembly
Authors: Zeid Ibrahim , Gupta Surendra M. , Bardasz Theodore 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Disassembly has been emerging as an important potential response to recent environmental and recycling regulations as well as resource conservation needs. One can identify two distinct approaches to tackle the disassembly problem, viz., design for disassembly (DFD) and planning for disassembly (PFD). This paper focuses on the PFD approach. The evolution of a disassembly plan may require some heuristics and domain specific knowledge. In addition, disassembly planners may have a particular style to solve disassembly problems. Due to these facts and the nature of the PFD itself (open ended and iterative), the paper proposes the use of Analogical Problem Solving (APS) as an approach to assist planners to solve PFD problems. APS is based on the sensible notion that problem solving can be assisted by the reuse of solutions to similar problems encountered in the past. The framework of applying APS to PFD, the merits of this approach, and the issues relating to its use for PFD are discussed.
Stability and Forced Response of Beam-Like Structures Having Negative Viscous Damping and Displacement-Dependent Dry Friction Damping
Authors: Whiteman Wayne E. , Ferri Aldo A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The flexural vibration of a beam-like structure damped with a displacement-dependent Coulomb friction force is examined. Due to the geometry of the dry friction damping element, the friction force grows linearly with the beam’s transverse displacement. Recent studies have shown that the damping of systems with displacement-dependent dry friction forces resembles linear structural damping. Taking advantage of this fact, the energy loss per cycle can be made to grow like the square of the vibratory displacement amplitude rather than linearly with amplitude as in the case of frictionally damped systems with constant normal forces. Furthermore, dry friction is well suited to hostile environments such as the high temperatures and high rotation speeds associated with gas turbines. These observations suggest that displacement-dependent dry friction may be an effective means of flutter suppression in turbine and fan blade applications. Destabilizing aerodynamic forces are represented in this study as negative viscous damping. This simple aerodynamic model is often used to capture the basic features of flutter in aeroelastic systems. Both single and multiple-mode analyses are conducted. Results show that energy losses from the displacement-dependent dry friction damper are large enough to overcome the destabilizing negative viscous damping under certain conditions. This result further suggests that it may be possible to design the geometry and location of frictional interfaces in turbine blade systems so that damping may be enhanced and flutter better controlled.
Experimental Evaluation of a Semi-Active Friction Damper
Authors: Dupont Pierre E. , Kasturi Prakash S. , Stokes Ann W. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Semi-active control of friction dampers has been proposed to improve the energy dissipation characteristics of passive friction dampers and to broaden the areas of application in which they can successfully be used. In this paper, we implement a control law which maximizes energy dissipation in an instantaneous sense by modulating normal force at the friction interface. This control law is valid for friction models with and without velocity dynamics. Using experimental results, we demonstrate under what operating conditions friction dynamics are vital to the control problem and, for these conditions, demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed controller. Furthermore, we show that for systems forced at a single frequency, the control law also increases the damper’s slip amplitude. The proposed controller is shown to increase energy dissipated per cycle by up to 200 percent in comparison to the case of constant normal force.
The Effects of Tangential Contact Stiffness on a Harmonically Forced Friction Oscillator
Authors: Liang J. W. , Feeny B. F. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper addresses the effects of a compliant contact on the dynamical friction behaviors in mechanical systems. Contact compliance is due to the elastic deformation at the contact point or the surrounding structure. This paper is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on oscillations with continuous macroscopic sliding. An idealized model consisting of a mass sliding harmonically on a massless compliant contact produces the hysteresis feature seen in friction-velocity plots. Transition features, depending on the contact stiffness, friction level, and frequency/amplitude of oscillation, are predicted and quantified. Experiments have been conducted to verify the model. The model and associated analysis provide a means for interpreting experimental transition behaviors.
The second part of the paper addresses the sticking dynamics associated with a macroscopic stick-slip process. During a stick, the mass undergoes a microscopic oscillation at the contact. This can involve a microscale stick-slip process. We refer to the entire process as a double stick-slip event. Numerical and experimental studies are compared.
Variation of Clamping Force in a Single-Bolt Assembly Subjected to Axial Vibration
Authors: Hess Daniel P. , Basava Srinivas , Rasquinha Ingrid A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Recent experiments and analyses have revealed that threaded fasteners subjected to axial vibration can experience either loosening or tightening. In this paper, the authors examine the variation of clamping force in a single-bolt assembly model due to axial vibration. Specifically, the effect of vibration level and initial pre-load on clamping force is studied. It is found that the clamping force can remain steady, decrease, or increase when the assembly is subjected to axial vibration. However, changes in clamping force are generally transient and a steady value is reached over time.
Spatial Impact of a Flexible Link Using a Nonlinear Contact Force
Authors: Marghitu Dan B. , Boghiu Dan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
An experimental analysis was conducted to study the rebound velocities of a freely dropped bar on a large external surface. The low velocity collision occured in the presence of a frictional impact. A 3D motion analysis system was used to capture the kinematic data. Tests were performed for central and oblique collisions. A spatial theoretical model is presented for the impact with friction of a flexible body. This model consists of a system of nonlinear differential equations which considers the multiple collisions as well as frictional effects at the contacting end, and allows one to predict the rigid and elastic body motion after the impact. The model uses a dry coefficient of friction, a nonlinear contact force, and the sound radiation from the impact. Analytical and experimental results were compared to establish the accuracy of the model.
Complex Frequencies and Modes of Externally Damped Shafts Under Different Boundary Conditions
Authors: Zu Jean W. , Melanson John M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Vibration analysis of externally damped spinning Timoshenko beams with general boundary conditions is performed analytically. Exact solutions for complex natural frequencies and normal modes for the six classical boundary conditions are derived for the first time. In the numerical simulations, the trend between the complex frequencies and the damping coefficient is investigated, and complex mode shapes are presented in three-dimensional space.
A Study on the Competing Effects of the Dielectrophoretic Force and Buoyancy on Nucleate Boiling Heat Transfer Rates and an Analogy With Variable Gravity Boiling Results
Authors: Snyder Trevor J. , Chung Jacob N. , Schneider John B. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to form a more general understanding of the effect an electric field has on boiling heat transfer by considering non-boiling electroconvection and boiling bubble dynamics separately. In an attempt to decouple these two heat transfer mechanisms, an electric field was utilized which produced a uniform dielectrophoretic force (DEP force) across a horizontal platinum wire. Boiling curves were produced with FC-72 as the working fluid for variable DEP and buoyancy forces by varying the electric field geometry (with a constant potential of 23 kV), by varying the orientation of the electric field with respect to gravity, and by performing experiments in a drop tower with very small buoyancy forces. In order to elucidate the relative contributions of the individual forces and correlate the data, an effective gravity g′(b,e) was defined which represents the ratio of the total DEP and buoyancy body forces on the vapor bubbles to the constant terrestrial-gravity buoyancy force.
It was concluded that the effect of the DEP force on the bubbles is analogous to reducing or increasing the gravity locally or inducing vapor flow across the heater surface similar to forced-convection. In semis of the relationship between the bubble dynamics and the heat transfer, it was concluded that nucleate boiling heat transfer will be enhanced if the effective gravity acts to hold the vapor bubbles near the heater surface, while at the same time permitting access of the liquid to the surface in order to prevent dryout. However, a large electroconvective effect can dominate and possibly reverse this trend. For the critical heat flux (CHF) it was discovered that for 1 &lt; g′(b,e) &lt; 3 a quarter power dependence is a reasonable engineering approximation for the increase in CHF with effective gravity.
Based on these results and support from the literature, we concluded that the overall heat transfer coefficient for boiling in the presence of an electric field can be considered as the summation of a heat transfer coefficient due to bubble dynamics and a heat transfer coefficient due to electroconvection. Furthermore, the heat transfer coefficient due to the bubble dynamics can be modeled with current theory based on variable gravity results and/or forced convection.
Convection in an Infinite Cylinder in the Presence of a Horizontal Magnetic Field
Authors: Mazuruk Konstantin , Ramachandran Narayanan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The use of a magnetic field to suppress convection in low gravity materials processing is an area of active research. This study aims to investigate some of the basic features of an imposed transverse magnetic field on convective motion in electrically conducting melts. The geometry considered is an infinite vertical column of liquid metal with an axial temperature gradient and an imposed transverse magnetic field. The incipience and azimuthal orientation of convective rolls is investigated. The governing transport equations arc nondimensionalized, linearized and the eigen value problem is solved to determine the most physically significant states. The analysis shows that the initial degeneracy (with no magnetic field) is removed by the presence of a magnetic field and the primary convection roll aligns itself so that its plane is perpendicular to the applied magnetic field. A cross over to another mode is also found when the strength of the magnetic field is increased. Velocity distributions are presented corresponding to the lowest modes and the system behavior within limits of non-linearity is discussed.