bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
USEFULNESS OF REVISED SIMPLIFIED SHORT-TERM COGNITIVE SCREENING TEST (STMT-R) IN ACUTELY ILL GERIATRIC PATIENTS
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroshi , Ogawa Kenichi , Hisamatsu Yasushi , Ishitake Tatsuya 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Dementia can be a major cause of mortality and morbidity in geriatric patients. So, it would be essential to assess their mental state.Aims: We aim to appraise the impact of cognitive dysfunction on the long-term prognosis on STMT-R as a quicker and sensitive cognitive identification in acutely ill geriatric patients.

Methods
The inclusion criteria were to measure geriatric patients by STMT-R at admission, age≧50yo and being non-critical ill. Between October 2014 and September 2015, 836 were enrolled (52.4% female, mean age: 78.9 years). STMT-R≦4 was considered as cognitive dysfunction. Following the collection of clinical data, survival was subsequently measured for 7-8 years until January 2022. Cox’s proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the hazard of death according to the dementia severity, with adjustment for potential covariates. Survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method.

Results
Among enrolled subjects, 144 were unable to complete the test due to severe dementia (ITG). 433 had cognitive dysfunction (STMT-R≦4; CDG) and 259 didn’t have cognitive dysfunction (STMT-R&gt;4; NCDG). The survival curves for death among three groups were significantly decreased in the CDG and ITG compared with the NCDG. The risks for mortality in the ITG and CDG are 3.92 (hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval:2.74-5.61, p&lt; 0.001) and 1.82(1.33-2.51, p&lt; 0.001) compared with the NCDG as reference.

Conclusion
1) It was suggested that severity of cognitive dysfunction at admission has independently an impact on survival rate in acutely ill geriatric patients.2) STMT-R may also be useful for the future bedside or remote cognitive assessment.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SUBJECTIVE COGNITIVE DECLINE AND STRENGTH TRAINING IN US ADULTS AGED 45+ YEARS
Authors: Schroeder Matthew , Waring Molly , Fowler Nicole , Pagoto Sherry 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) can be an early marker for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. Data supports physical activity to delay cognitive impairment and to improve cognitive functioning. We examined strength training engagement by middle-aged and older US adults with and without SCD. We used data from 121, 059 participated aged 45 years or older from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) from 31 states and Washington, D.C. SCD was assessed by asking participants if they had experienced confusion or memory loss during the past 12 months (yes/no). Participants reported how often they engaged in strength training (e.g., using weight machine, free weights) in the past month. We dichotomized strength training engagement as meeting physical activity recommendations (2+ times weekly) or not (&lt; 2 times weekly). An adjusted logistic regression model, controlling for confounding variables, estimated the likelihood of strength training in relation to SCD. Analyses were weighted; results are nationally representative. SCD was reported by 11.0% (SE: 0.2%) of middle-aged and older US adults. Three in 10 (29.1%; SE: 0.7%) of US middle-aged and older adults who reported SCD engaged in strength training 2+ times a week compared to 34.0% (SE: 0.3%) of US adults without SCD (aOR, 0.9; 95% CI: 0.9-1.0). While middle-aged and older US adults with SCD were less likely to strength train than those without SCD, only a third engaged in recommended strength training regardless of SCD status. Primary care providers should encourage strength training among middle-aged and older adults regardless of cognitive status.
SENSORY IMPAIRMENT, COGNITIVE FUNCTION, AND DEPRESSION AMONG CHINESE OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Xu Shu , Su YanJhu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sensory impairment (SI) is a contributor to poor mental health and cognitive decline for older adults, and the likelihood of having sensory impairment increases with age. However, the association between sensory impairment and cognition is still under-investigated and the potential mechanisms for the SI-cognition link is still not clear. This study examines the relationships between sensory impairment, depression, and cognitive function among older adults in China. Using nationally representative data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2018, we conducted cross-sectional analysis on adults age 60 years and older (n=7,026). Sensory impairment is defined as having vision impairment (VI) only or hearing impairment (HI) only or dual sensory impairment (DSI). Cognitive function was measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination and depression were assessed by the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Descriptive analysis showed that 10.66% of older adults experienced sensory impairment. Linear regression analyses revealed that HI and DSI were associated with cognitive declines among older Chinese adults (HI: β=-0.75, p&lt;.01; DSI: β=-1.45, p&lt;.01). SEM results showed that depression partially mediate the relationship between SI and cognition. Sensory-impaired older adults were more likely to have depression (HI: β=1.71, p&lt;.001; DSI: β=4.76, p&lt;.001), which lead to worse cognitive function (HI: β=-1.09, p&lt;.001; DSI: β=-2.80, p&lt;.001). Models were controlled for age, gender, education, social activities, and other covariates. Findings suggest that Chinese older adults experiencing sensory loss are at greater risk of cognitive function declining and that depression play an important role in the relationship between SI and cognition.
LAYING THE REPORT FOUNDATIONS: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF NURSING HOME QUALITY OF CARE
Authors: Saliba Debra , Ersek Mary , Rantz Marilyn 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The committee began its work by developing a conceptual model for achieving resident-centered care. The model draws on existing evidence about the multiple dimensions of resident quality of life and the complexity of nursing home care and environments. Dr. Debra Saliba, a professor in UCLA’s Borun Center and Los Angeles VA GRECC with expertise in long-term care policy and delivery, will describe this model and how it guided the committee’s recommendations. She also will discuss how each presentation fits within the model’s domains
PSYCHOSOCIAL WORKING CONDITIONS IN MID-LIFE AND COGNITIVE AND PHYSICAL IMPAIRMENT IN OLDER AGE
Authors: Sindi Shireen , Kiasat Shadi , Kåreholt Ingemar , Nilsen Charlotta 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Psychosocial working conditions have been associated with cognitive and physical impairment among older adults. However, less is known on whether psychosocial working conditions are associated with a combination of cognitive and physical impairments. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between midlife psychosocial working conditions and physical and cognitive impairment among older adults, and to assess whether there are sex differences in these associations.

Methods
The data were derived from two Swedish nationally representative surveys (n=839) with a follow-up time of 20-24 years. Multinomial and binary logistic regressions were used to assess the associations between work stressors according to the job demand-control model, and a combination of cognitive and physical impairment.

Results
Low control jobs were significantly associated with higher odds of both cognitive and physical impairment as well as a combination of cognitive and physical impairment. Passive jobs (low control, low demand) were associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment, and cognitive and physical impairment in combination. Active jobs (high control, high demand) were associated with lower odds of cognitive impairment. Sex-stratified analyses showed stronger associations among men than among women. Among men passive jobs were significantly associated with both cognitive and physical impairment. Low strain jobs were significantly associated with less physical impairment.

Conclusions
These results highlight the importance of midlife psychosocial working conditions for late-life physical and cognitive impairment, and especially among men. Jobs characterised by higher control, lower strain and active jobs may promote resilience and cognitive reserve among older populations.
ACHIEVING QUALITY PATIENT-CENTERED CARE IN THE NURSING HOME SETTING
Authors: Galambos Colleen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In 1987, The Nursing Home Reform Act was enacted as part of the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1987 (OBRA 87). At that time, the Health Care Finance Administration (now Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services) issued comprehensive regulations and survey processes to “ensure that residents of nursing homes receive quality care that will result in their highest practicable physical, mental, and social well-being.” Despite this landmark legislation, nursing homes struggle to provide quality care, and are additionally challenged by natural disasters and pandemics. This presentation will report on recommendations that examine, structures, policies, and care models that promote change and innovation, with a focus on safety, environmental modifications, patient centered approaches, and quality care. Dr. Colleen Galambos, a professor at University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, with expertise in nursing home care delivery and quality improvement will present the care delivery recommendations from the NASEM report.
COGNITIVE AND PSYCHOSOCIAL OUTCOMES OF DRIVING DIFFICULTIES IN OLDER ADULTS: A 5-YEAR STUDY
Authors: Hwang Yeji 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Many older adults find it difficult to drive a car as they age. However, there are lack of studies on the outcomes of driving difficulties among older adults. The aim of this study was to examine the cognitive and psychosocial outcomes of driving difficulties in older adults. This study was a secondary data analysis using National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project Wave 2 (2010-2011) and 3 (2015-2016). This study followed 1,638 older adults that were of the age 65 and older, who had no difficulties driving a car at Wave 2. Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Perceived Social Isolation Scale were used. For data analysis, chi square tests, t-tests, and regression analysis were used. After 5 years, 11.1% of people began to have difficulties in driving a car (n=180), and 88.9% of people maintained to have no difficulties driving a car (n=1,441). Compared to people who maintained no difficulties of driving a car over time, people who began to have difficulties had more severe cognitive decline (t=4.59, p&lt; 0.001) and more depressive symptoms over time (t=3.253, p=0.001). Univariate regression analysis also indicated that having difficulties of driving resulted in more severe cognitive decline over time (b=0.137, p&lt; 0.001) and more depressive symptoms over time (b=0.097, p&lt; 0.001). Driving difficulties were not related to anxiety or social isolation. As difficulties in driving are related to poor cognitive and psychological outcomes, healthcare professionals should pay more attention to people who experience driving difficulties.
“IS IT TIME TO STOP DRIVING?”: A RANDOMIZED TRIAL OF AN ONLINE DECISION AID FOR OLDER DRIVERS
Authors: Omeragic Faris , Meador Lauren , Fowler Nicole , Johnson Rachel , Boland Elizabeth , Peterson Ryan , Betz Marian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The decision to stop or continue driving can be challenging for older adults. In a prospective two-arm randomized trial, we sought to test whether an online driving decision aid (DDA) would improve decision quality. We recruited 301 English-speaking licensed drivers, age ≥70 years, without significant cognitive impairment but with ≥1 diagnosis associated with increased likelihood of driving cessation, from clinics associated with study sites in three states. They were randomized to view 1) the online Healthwise® DDA for older adults addressing “Is it time to stop driving?”; or 2) a control condition of web-based information. Our primary outcome was decision conflict as estimated by the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS; lower scores indicate higher quality). Secondary outcomes were knowledge and decision self-efficacy about driving decisions. We examined differences in post-randomization outcomes by study arm using generalized linear mixed-effects models with adjustment for site and pre-randomization scores. Intervention participants had a lower mean DCS score (12.3 DDA vs 15.2 control; p=0.017) and a higher mean knowledge score (88.9 DDA vs 79.9 control; p=0.038); we found no difference between groups in self-efficacy scores. The DDA had high acceptability; 86.9% of those who viewed it said they would recommend it to others in similar situations.The online Healthwise® DDA decreased decision conflict and increased knowledge in this sample of English-speaking, older adults without significant cognitive impairment. Use of such resources in clinical or community settings may support older adults as they transition from driving to other forms of mobility.
SOCIAL NETWORKS AND HELP-SEEKING AMONG US CHINESE OLDER ADULTS REPORTED ELDER MISTREATMENT
Authors: Chao Ying-Yu , Seo Jin Young , Dong XinQi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Older immigrant adults are reported to be more tolerant of abusive situations and less likely to seek help. This study aimed to examine the associations between social networks and help-seeking among U.S. Chinese older adults reported elder mistreatment (EM).

Methods
Data were from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE). Social networks were assessed with network size, volume of contact, emotional closeness, proportion kin, proportion female, and proportion coresident. Informal/formal help-seeking (intentions and actual behaviors) were measured. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were performed.

Results
A total of 450 participants reported EM. Participants had a mean age of 72.73 ± 8.03 years old (range 60-97). Participants had a mean of 3.29 (SD ± 1.31) network members, a mean of 3.24 (SD ± 0.67) emotional closeness, and average contacts of 6.62 (SD ± 1.10) times per year with network members. Smaller network size (p = .00) and less emotional closeness (p = .03) were associated with an increase in intentions of seeking help from formal sources. Compared to not seeking help, smaller network size (p = .04) and more emotional closes (p = .03) were associated with a higher likelihood to seek help from informal sources among U.S. Chinese older adults who reported any EM. Conclusion/implication: This study highlights the dynamic nature of social networks of help-seeking among this underserved population. Culturally tailored interventions are suggested to promote help-seeking through increasing strong ties and improving the quality of social networks for U.S. Chinese older immigrants with EM.
THE ROLE OF FORMAL RESOURCES ON ELDER MISTREATMENT HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIORS AMONG ASIAN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Lee Eun Jeong , Choi Ga-Young , Koh Eun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Elder mistreatment is one of the most difficult topics to talk about among Asian older adult immigrants in the U.S. because they are unfamiliar and uncomfortable to disclose the issue due to their unique cultural values and limited English language proficiency. We recruited 494 community dwelling older adults from five cities who identified themselves of Asian ethnicity, and were 55 years old and older. Participants had various Asian ethnic and language backgrounds (e.g. Korean, Chinese, Filipino, and Vietnamese). Most of them were foreign-born (84.6%) with the mean age of 69.0 (SD = 8.47). Using the participant survey data, we focused on examining difference regarding elder mistreatment experience, perceptions, and help-seeking intentions between the Senior Community Service Employment Program (SCSEP) group and the non-SCSEP group that may or may not participate in paid workforce. The SCSEP is the federally paid workforce program for low-income older adults aged 55 or above aiming at fostering older adults’ community service and economic self-sufficiency. There was a significant difference in emotional mistreatment experiences between SCSEP and non-SCSEP participants. Furthermore, the two groups were significantly different in their likelihood of seeking help from Adult Protective Services (APS). Those who ever participated in the SCSEP were more likely to seek help from APS (X2 = 1, N = 284) = 4.674, p ≤ .05. Implications for future research and gerontology services are discussed to enhance Asian older adults’ awareness of elder mistreatment, and APS and other formal sources of help.
IMPACT OF NEIGHBORHOOD GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE ON ACCESS TO SOCIAL CAPITAL ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE
Authors: Webster Noah , Sampson Natalie , Nassauer Joan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
While the impact of neighborhood characteristics on access to social capital is well established, less is known about how neighborhood landscape design interventions play a role in shaping access to this resource and how this varies across the life course. In this study we examined the association between age and perceived impact of recently installed neighborhood block-scale green infrastructure (GI) on frequency of social interactions with neighbors. We also examined age variation in how alternative GI designs were perceived (e.g., how well cared for), and how these perceptions were associated with the anticipated impact on frequency of neighbor interactions. Data are from the Neighborhood, environment, and water research collaborations for green infrastructure (NEW-GI) project based in Detroit, MI. Four neighborhood GI interventions were installed in two Detroit neighborhoods in 2016. Surveys were conducted with residents living around the interventions in 2017-18 (n=171), and in nearby neighborhoods (n=145). Age was significantly associated with perceived impact of the landscape interventions on frequency of social interactions with neighbors. Specifically, older adults were significantly more likely to report that the landscape interventions that they were most familiar with resulted in increased frequency of interactions with their neighbors. Further, design alternatives perceived as more well cared for were anticipated to result in greater increases in the frequency of interactions with neighbors among older compared to younger adults. Results suggest neighborhood landscape interventions can improve access to social capital particularly among older adults, and perceptions of landscape care play a role in this process.
HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS, NEIGHBORHOOD ENVIRONMENTS, AND SELF-RATED MENTAL HEALTH AMONG OLDER CANADIANS
Authors: Cheung Ethan Siu Leung , Mui Ada 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previous studies have established a clear association between the surrounding environment and mental health. Whereas most literature has focused on neighborhood environment, very few studies have examined the role of housing characteristics in self-rated mental health (SRMH). Using data from the 2018 Canadian Housing Survey, this study investigated the relationships between housing characteristics, neighborhood environment, and SRMH among older Canadians and whether the relationships varied by education and gender. Using a sample of 21,725 Canadians, SRMH was measured by older adults’ self-evaluation of mental health on a 5-point scale. We categorized education into three groups: high school or less, some college, and university or beyond. Hierarchical linear regressions showed that men and women with high school education and women with some college educations were more likely to report worse SRMH when living in low-income housing. Reporting a home maintenance need was a unique risk factor of SRMH for men with a university education, whereas living in uninhabitable conditions uniquely predicted better SRMH for men with some college education. Regarding neighborhood environment, safer community was a protective factor of SRMH for women with university education only. Sense of belonging was positively associated with SRMH for all subgroups, except for men with a university education. Expressing a need for community service was significantly associated with lower SRMH for women who completed a high school education or some college. Findings of this study shed light on the diverse need for environmental improvement and maintenance programs to improve SRMH among older Canadians.
DIURNAL CORTISOL SECRETION AND SELF-REPORTED AND CAREGIVER-REPORTED QUALITY OF LIFE IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Dong Fanghong , Aryal Subhash , Hodgson Nancy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Introduction
People living with dementia (PLwD) report lower quality of life (QoL), compared to healthy older adults. The poorer QoL is not fully accounted for by the severity of dementia. Dementia is associated with prominent neuroendocrine changes, however, there is a lack of research examining whether biological factors are related to QoL in PLwD. This study examined relationships between cortisol, symptom severity, and QoL in PLwD.

Methods
A total of 143 participants aged 55-94 years (65.7% women) in the Healthy Patterns Study (NCT03682185) provided three saliva samples at wake-up (AM1), 30 minutes (AM2) after waking, and bedtime (PM) on two consecutive days. We derived cortisol awakening response (CAR), wake to bedtime cortisol slope, and diurnal mean cortisol secretion. Sociodemographic and severity of dementia were assessed by interviews and questionnaires. Self-reported and caregiver-reported QoL was measured using the Quality of Life in Alzheimer’s Disease (QoL-AD).

Results
Poorer QoL was associated with more severe dementia rating. Flattened cortisol slope was significantly correlated with overall poorer self-reported QoL (β=0.43, p=0.017), but not caregiver-reported QoL (p=0.12), after controlling for severity of dementia and demographic variables. We did not find a significant relationship between CAR and diurnal mean cortisol with QoL.

Conclusions
This study provides novel evidence linking neuroendocrine mechanisms to QoL in PLwD. The findings indicate that dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is linked to poorer QoL, independently of the severity of dementia. Biopsychosocial approaches to QoL for PLwD may lead to a greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms.