bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the effectiveness of a solar cell with a holographic concentrator
Authors: Buktukov Nikolay S. , Vassin Konstantin A. , Moldabayeva Gulnaz Zh. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Solar energy is an important power source. Given this, the development in the direction of converting solar radiation into electrical energy using holographic concentrators is of great importance. The purpose of the study is to determine the electrical characteristics of the solar cell inside the solar cells. To determine the electrical characteristics of the solar cell inside the photovoltaic panel, digital sensors HC-SR04, INA219 and the “Arduino Nano” microprocessor controller were used. The paper presents the results of experimental studies of a solar panel with a holographic concentrator and photovoltaic cells based on gallium arsenide. The high efficiency of converting solar energy into electrical power is shown when dispersing and focusing different wavelengths on a photocell. During elaboration of the obtained volt-ampere characteristics of solar photovoltaic conversion elements, which determine the output power of the photovoltaic panel, the high potential of the developed design of the photovoltaic panel has been revealed. The practical value of the study lies in the fact that with the help of a holographic concentrator it is possible to increase the efficiency of solar energy conversion.
Synchrotron X-ray measurements of cellulose in the cell wall of aged wood under uniaxial loading
Authors: Kojima Erina , Yamasaki Mariko , Lee Chang-Goo , Sasaki Yasutoshi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of wood aging on the mechanical behavior at the cell-wall level. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were performed to investigate the mechanical behavior of cellulose in the S2 layer of aged wood from a 250-year-old attic cabin beam. XRD measurements under uniaxial loading were performed on the cellulose (004) plane; the results were compared with those of recent wood. The cellulose in aged wood exhibited a delayed response to both tensile and compressive loading compared with recent wood. Under compressive loading, cellulose showed an increase in maximum strain and a significant increase in the variation of cellulose orientation angle, indicating that it may exhibit buckling-like meandering behavior. These results could be explained based on the decrease in hemicellulose content in the cell wall due to wood aging. In other words, the results suggested that an amorphous material in the cell wall affected the mechanical behavior of wood at the cell-wall level.
Study on flame retardancy and thermal stability of rigid polyurethane foams modified by amino trimethylphosphonate cobalt and expandable graphite
Authors: Liu Bing , Zhang Xu , Yuan Dehe , Wang Zhi , Xie Hua 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Amino trimethylphosphonate cobalt (Co2+-ATMP) flame retardant was prepared by ion exchange method, and rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) modified by Co2+-ATMP and expandable graphite (EG) was prepared by one-pot and free-rise method. The flame retardancy, thermal stability and smoke toxicity of modified RPUF were studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimeter (Cone), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and smoke toxicity characterization. The results showed that the flame retardancy, thermal stability and smoke toxicity of RPUF modified by Co2+-ATMP and EG are significantly improved. When the ratio of Co2+-ATMP to EG is 1:5, the LOI value is the highest, and the toxicity of flue gas was the lowest. The peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release rate (THR) were both the lowest, 138 kW/m2 and 15.9 MJ/m2, respectively. Compared with RPUF-0, it decreased by 39.2% and 16.8% respectively. The research results can provide reference for the subsequent flame retardant modification of RPUF.
Statistical research on the mixing properties of wave based screws by numerical simulations
Authors: Liu Tian-lei , Du Yao-xue , He Xian-yun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Research based on numerical simulation with the CFD software ANSYS POLYFLOW is conducted on the mixing properties for the wave screw elements, as well as barrier screw elements, by using statistical tools. Then, the investigation is conducted in detail on the relationship between pressure, maximum shear rate, mixing index and other flow field characteristics of the two above screws under the same simulation conditions. It is found that polymer melt flow in the wave screw possesses various advantages compared with the normal barrier screw, such as acquiring larger pressure, stronger shearing and stretching action, better mixing and efficiency, which mainly result from the periodic depth change design in the screw groove. On the other hand, the increased wave bulge in the wave screw lessens the space for the polymer melt to be conveyed forward, which can greatly reduce the original function of the secondary flight. Also, the convergent and divergent zones in the wave screw groove produce a much stronger stress favoring the shear and elongation rates, and also lead to a sharp increase of the axial force load on the wave screw. Consequently, for the optimization of the wave screw configuration it is suggested to reduce the axial force without decreasing the effect of the excellent distributive and dispersive mixing.
Vietnam’s Mixed Constitution and Human Rights
Authors: Bui Ngoc Son 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article develops a discursive explanation of mixed constitution: mixed constitutional ideas and discourse generate mixed constitutional design and practice. On that base, it explores the nature, factors, and functions of the mixed constitution in Vietnam. The emergence of competing constitutional ideas (Confucian, socialist, liberal, universal) animates a constitutional discourse in which different actors adhere to different ideas. Consequently, the 2013 Constitution of Vietnam embodies a mixture of the ideas in its provisions on political institutions, economy, and especially human rights. The enforcement of the constitution induces competing claims to constitutional meanings. The mixed constitution is shaped by path dependency and global diffusion of constitutional ideas. It functions as the base to constrain ideational monopoly and widen the public discourse on constitutional development.
Ideation and Innovation in Constitutional Rights
Authors: Ginsburg Tom , Elkins Zachary 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article explores the development of ideas in constitutional design. The point of departure is a perspective of constitutions-as-products, and thus, an examination of the invention, innovation, and an uptake of these products. The article conceptualizes constitutional innovation and distinguishes its manifestations with respect to constitutional products, the process of constitution-making, and in supporting institutions. The last two elements, in line with Schumpeter’s approach to innovation, would seem especially important to constitutional development. The article provides several examples from the area of human rights and argues that innovations tend to be found in situations in which there is strong aversion to a prior order. It also shows that innovations tend to come from the periphery rather than the global core of the field. One of the sources of “mixed” constitutions is precisely such innovations, which then form raw material for further mixing.
Hybridity and Constitutional Taxonomy in Latin America
Authors: Pou Giménez Francisca 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article focuses on Latin American constitutionalism with two goals in mind. The first goal is to identify narratives of constitutional mixity or hybridity that have been influential in Latin America, something that habilitates a comparative analysis with references to mixed or hybrid constitutionalism in other scenarios. One narrative underlines the combination of U.S.-inspired constitutionalism with background civil law systems. Another narrative highlights the way classic regional constitutional designs feature a liberal-conservative hybridation that, some claim, continue to influence constitutional dynamics up to this day. And the third narrative is associated with the establishment in regional countries of hybrid or mixed systems of judicial review. The second goal of the article, more methodological in kind, is to explore what do Latin American narratives on mixity teach in the way to clarifying the nature and implications of exercises constitutional taxonomy. As it emerges, constitutional taxonomy is a way of organizing and generating knowledge which is useful to describe, but most meaningful when addressed to provide an explanation, which is often just an antechamber to normative evaluation. Whether a particular exercise of constitutional taxonomy makes sense in a particular scenario, however, is a different matter, and the article suggests that describing, explaining and evaluating Latin American constitutions as hybrid is illuminating but also problematic in a number of ways.
Deuterated SiNx: a low-loss, back-end CMOS-compatible platform for nonlinear integrated optics
Authors: Chia Xavier X. , Tan Dawn T. H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSilicon nitride (SiN) has surged into prominence as a material for photonic-integrated circuits (PICs) in the past decade, well regarded for its broadband transparency, compatibility with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication processes and high optical bandgap that avoids two-photon absorption. However, current fabrication methods result in users having to choose between low thermal budgets and low losses, which are suboptimal given that both are necessary to facilitate a wide range of applications. Recently, works have emerged featuring PICs fabricated using deuterated silicon nitride (SiNx:D) – SiNx films grown using deuterated precursors instead of conventional hydrogenated ones. This decreases material absorption near the telecommunications bands at 1.55 µm previously present due to parasitic silicon–hydrogen and nitrogen–hydrogen bonds, attaining low-loss PICs realised using a low temperature, back-end-of-line CMOS-compatible fabrication plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition process. These devices have shown promise for both linear and nonlinear applications and the platform has the potential to be instrumental in realising highly efficient chips with co-packaged electronics and photonics devices. This paper reviews recent developments on the SiNx:D platform and provides a glance at future advancements for this highly promising material.
Stability and patterns of the nutrient-microorganism model with chemotaxis
Authors: Chen Mengxin , Wu Ranchao 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the stability and the bifurcations of the nutrient-microorganism model with chemotaxis are analyzed, subject to no-flux boundary conditions. By choosing the chemotaxis coefficient as the control parameter, it is found that the steady state bifurcation, the Hopf–Turing bifurcation, can happen in the model. The induced spatially homogeneous periodic solution, the non-constant steady state, and the spatially inhomogeneous periodic solution are exhibited. The results suggest that chemotaxis assimilated into the model could give rise to rich spatiotemporal dynamical behaviors.
Prediction of no reflow phenomenon in percutaneous coronary intervention with optical coherence tomography and analysis of risk factors
Authors: Gui Shuangjun , Fu Gaoshuang , Jia Mengqi , Liu Shichao , Jia Xingtai , Jian Liguo 
Published: February 2023

Objective :To investigate the predictive value of no reflow phenomenon in interventional therapy by measuring plaque quantitatively with optical coherence tomography (OCT).
Methods:196 patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction who visited the Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2020 to January 2022 were selected as the study objects. According to whether there was no reflow during the operation, they were divided into no reflow group (46 cases) and normal flow group (150 cases). Systematically collect general clinical data and coronary angiography related data of patients through inpatient cases, measure fiber cap thickness and lipid core angle of diseased vascular plaque through optical coherence tomography, and analyze the relationship between fiber cap thickness and no reflow phenomenon
Results:BMI, LDL, phospholipase A, the proportion of family history of coronary heart disease, and the thrombus load in the no reflow group were higher than those in the normal flow group (P<0.05), while the thickness of the fibrous cap was lower than that in the normal flow group (P<0.05); Further multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that fiber cap thickness, phospholipase A and severe thrombosis load were independent risk factors for non reflow phenomenon (P<0.05); Further ROC curve analysis found that the thickness of fiber cap had a high predictive value for no reflow phenomenon, and the best cutoff value for no reflow was 95, AUC: 0.926 (95% CI: 0.891-0.961, P<0.001).
Conclusions: Optical coherence tomography can predict the occurrence of no reflow phenomenon by measuring the fiber cap thickness quantitatively. The prediction effect is the best when the fiber cap thickness is 95.
The Values of Character Education in Sufism (A Case Study on Tarekat Naqsabandiyah-Khalidiyah Followers in Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia)
Authors: Munjin Munjin 
Published: February 2023

In now days, character is to be something very important in a technological era. If the materialistic advantages and benefits obtained from the advancement of the industrial era are not followed by the adequacy of immaterial factors, it will certainly bring about chaos in personal and social lives. Furthermore, the impact of the two sides disharmony will at least trigger three things. First, moral decline in community, second, the decreasing sense of togetherness and unity, third, interpersonal interaction has changed. So, human being needs identity and character in order to not experience disorientation in life. This paper aims to describe the characteristics of the disciples of Tarekat Naqsabandiyah-Kholidiyah in central Java, Indonesia and to analyze how the values of character education formed within the disciples of Tarekat Naqsabandiyah Khalidiyah. The methods used in collecting data were in depth interview, observation, and documentation. Having collected, they would be analyzed by steps like collecting, reduction, displaying data and drawing conclusion. The result showed internalization of the values were performed by integrated ways which combined either internal or external factors. Internal factors was started by pure motivation in each disciples’ inner heart. The external factor consisted of family, tarekat teaching, mursyid model, and jama’ah. The educational character along with the jama’ah tarekat can be categorized into three major characters namely; wisdom, keep avoiding the bad deed, and courage. These characters are also contained in educational character, and the most important thing is how the formal education can imitate the method used in building that character
Electrocardiogram changes due to sodium stibogluconate treatment of kala-azar
Authors: Alom M. Shamshul , Ali M. Liaquat , Shaikh Abdul Alim , Kabir Jakaria 
Published: February 2023

Background: Kala-azar [visceral leishmaniasis (VL)] is caused by the protozoon Leishmania donovani complex. Without adequate treatment, most patients with clinical VL die due to secondary infections. Pentavalent antimonial compounds are commercially available as sodium stibogluconate and meglumine antimoniate. Sodium stibogluconate remains the mainstay of treatment in most parts of the world. The aim of the study was to evaluate the serious adverse effects of sodium stibogluconate in the treatment of kala-azar (VL).
Methods: The study was carried out in the medicine department of North Bengal Medical College Hospital, Sirajganj during the period of June 2021 to December 2021. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study with a sample size of 30. Complete history taking and physical examination were done and recorded in a case record form. At least 7 electrocardiograms (ECGs) were done (1 before treatment, 5 during treatment weekly intervals, and 1 after completion of treatment).
Results: In ECG, the following changes were noted (the rhythm, T wave amplitude, ST segment, and QTc interval). Out of 30 patients, 19 patients (63.33%) developed abnormalities in ECG. Among them, 14 patients (46.67%) developed prolongation of QTc interval, 6 patients developed T wave inversion, and 1 patient developed transient 1st-degree heart block. No patients developed symptomatic arrhythmia.
Conclusions: Kala-azar is prevalent among the poor in Bangladesh and can be fatal without treatment. Sodium stibogluconate has been associated with cardiological adverse effects, but it can be used safely with proper monitoring.
Expressões da centralidade econômica de Balsas no cenário regional sulmaranhense: apontamentos a partir da especialização da atividade comercial
Authors: SOUSA JAILSON MACEDO , SOARES BEATRIZ RIBEIRO 
Published: February 2023

Resumo:
Neste artigo, refletimos sobre aspectos essenciais do exercício da centralidade econômica e urbana assumidas pela cidade de Balsas no cenário regional Sulmaranhense. Esta análise, levou em consideração a realização de estudos teóricos e empíricos sobre os condi-cionantes históricos e sociais que são entendidos como fundamentais para uma leitura coerente do dinamismo socioeconômico assumido por esta cidade no cenário regional. Destarte, procurou-se entender as particularidades relacionadas à gênese e difusão dos processos de especialização das atividades terciárias, em particular, a atividade comercial e os seus vínculos com o desenvolvimento da agricultura moderna. Do ponto de vista metodológico, este exercício analítico fundamentou-se na adoção de estudos bibliográficos relativos à área temática investigada, sobretudo, os estudos que envolvem os processos de produção do espaço em áreas de cerrado que experimentaram desde 1980 intensa modernização agrícola. Associados a estes aspectos, também realizamos o tratamento de dados estatísticos e demográficos organizados por órgãos oficiais. É o caso do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatísticas - IBGE e o Instituto Maranhense de Estudos Socioeconômicos e Cartográficos - IMESC.
A Cross-Sectional survey on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Neuromuscular Monitoring among Indian Anesthesiologists
Authors: Goyal Sonal , Gupta Bhavna 
Published: February 2023

Background: The utility of Neuromuscular monitoring (NMT) has not been studied in Indian scenario till date. We did a survey to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, practices of NMT among Indian anesthesiologists.
Methods: A questionnaire-based google form was sent to 350 anesthesiologists over 3-months. Demographic data was collected in initial questions, followed by data on their concepts, practices, and knowledge of NMT and postoperative residual nerve block (PRNB). Data were descriptively analysed using frequencies and percentages. Descriptive statistical testing was done using software package IBM SPSS 23.
Results: 88.9% of participants reported the use of clinical assessment. Though majority used clinical parameters, they were well-versed about Train-of-Four criteria. 75.9% stated the use of objective NMT in < 25 % of patients. The reasons for not using objective monitoring were scarcity of neuromuscular monitors, non-familiarity, and complexity of monitors. In regards to PRNB, 79.6 % participants considered PRNB to be an important clinical issue. Although in their clinical practice they rarely encountered PRNB, 74% responded that routine NMT can decrease PRNB. The cross-tabulation table reflected that the use of objective tools (P= 0.014), knowledge about the essentiality of NMT (p=0.003), correctly stating PRNB as an important clinical issue (p=0.006), and their understanding about unreliability of clinical tests (p=0.001) showed significant improvement with increasing anesthesia experience.
Conclusion: Participants showed great understanding of clinical and qualitative tests but not of quantitative tests, with low rate of usage of objective NMT. A lacuna in understanding of quantitative parameters must be addressed considering high incidence of PRNB and lack of sensitivity of clinical parameters.
RESILIENSI ANAK KORBAN PANDEMI COVID-19 DI KOTA SAMARINDA
Authors: Rosaliana Novia , Apriari Shinta Ath-Thariq 
Published: February 2023

Abstract: For more than two years, the world community, especially in Indonesia, has been living side by side with Covid-19. It is not easy to adapt to all changes in life, such as the family situation after the father left. For the victim's child, the father, the head of the family, plays an essential role in supporting the family. A father's loss leaves a deep mark on the victim's child. Therefore, it is necessary to have resilience as a form of self-resistance in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic disaster, such as being abandoned by loved ones. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. The case study took research because it wanted to explore and then describe the possibility of a form of the resilience of the victim's child in dealing with the father's death during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study found that the conditions of the strength of the three informants were different, but all three had in common, leading to a change for the better. According to Kubler Ross, resilience is formed after going through the stages of grief. The results of this study are expected to be a preference in developing a resilient personality. Abstrak: Sudah lebih 2 tahun masyarakat dunia terutama di Indonesia hidup berdampingan dengan Covid-19. Bukan hal yang mudah beradaptasi dengan segala perubahan dalam tatanan kehidupan seperti keadaan keluarga setelah ditinggalkan Sang ayah. Bagi anak korban, Sang ayah yang merupakan kepala keluarga memegang peranan penting dalam menghidupi keluarga. Ketika kehilangan ayah tentu meninggalkan bekas mendalam bagi anak korban. Oleh karena itu penting memiliki resiliensi sebagai bentuk ketahanan diri dalam menghadapi musibah pandemi Covid-19 seperti ditinggalkan oleh orang yang disayang. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini ialah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Studi kasus (case study) diambil karena ingin mendalami lalu mendeskripsikan tentang kemungkinan adanya bentuk resiliensi anak korban dalam menghadapi kematian ayah selama pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa adanya bentuk resiliensi dari ketiga informan yang berbeda namun ketiganya memiliki kesamaan mengarah ke perubahan yang lebih baik. Resiliensi terbentuk setelah melewati tahapan kedukaan menurut Kubler Ross. Hasil daripada penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi preferensi dalam membentuk pribadi yang resilien