bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syk Inhibition Reprograms Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Overcomes Gemcitabine-Induced Immunosuppression in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Rohila Deepak , Park In Hwan , Pham Timothy V. , Weitz Jonathan , Hurtado de Mendoza Tatiana , Madheswaran Suresh , Ishfaq Mehreen , Beaman Cooper , Tapia Elisabette , Sun Siming , Patel Jay , Tamayo Pablo , Lowy Andrew M. , Joshi Shweta 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an insidious disease with a low 5-year survival rate. PDAC is characterized by infiltration of abundant tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), which promote immune tolerance and immunotherapeutic resistance. Here we report that macrophage spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) promotes PDAC growth and metastasis. In orthotopic PDAC mouse models, genetic deletion of myeloid Syk reprogrammed macrophages into immunostimulatory phenotype, increased the infiltration, proliferation, and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells, and repressed PDAC growth and metastasis. Furthermore, gemcitabine (Gem) treatment induced an immunosuppressive microenvironment in PDAC by promoting protumorigenic polarization of macrophages. In contrast, treatment with the FDA-approved Syk inhibitor R788 (fostamatinib) remodeled the tumor immune microenvironment, “re-educated” protumorigenic macrophages towards an immunostimulatory phenotype and boosted CD8+ T-cell responses in Gem-treated PDAC in orthotopic mouse models and an ex vivo human pancreatic slice culture model. These findings illustrate the potential of Syk inhibition for enhancing the antitumor immune responses in PDAC and support the clinical evaluation of R788 either alone or together with Gem as a potential treatment strategy for PDAC.

Significance:
Syk blockade induces macrophage polarization to an immunostimulatory phenotype, which enhances CD8+ T-cell responses and improves gemcitabine efficacy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, a clinically challenging malignancy.
Natural Course of Ruptured but Untreated Intracranial Aneurysms: A Multicenter 2-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Yang Yifan , Wang Bangyue , Ge Xinbo , Lu Wenpeng , Peng Chao , Zhao Yan , Li Jian , Wang Jinghua , Lei Ping , Zhang Jianning , Feng Lei , Liu Zhenbo , Yang Xinyu 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:
The current understanding of untreated ruptured intracranial aneurysms has been limited by study design and inaccurate patient data. Multicenter clinical registry studies on untreated ruptured intracranial aneurysms in Chinese patients are scarce. We aimed to calculate the mortality of patients with untreated ruptured intracranial aneurysms in a current, clearly defined hospital cohort in China, with emphasis on mortality predictors over a 2-year period.

METHODS:
Patients with saccular untreated ruptured intracranial aneurysms were identified from the Chinese Multicenter Cerebral Aneurysm Database, a multicenter, prospective, observational database registered in China, which involved 32 tertiary medical centers covering 4 northern Chinese provincial regions. Patients with intracranial aneurysms, regardless of ruptured status, shape, age, or comorbidities, were consecutively included in 12 of 32 medical centers between 2017 and 2020. Survival probabilities were computed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to determine the risk factors for the cumulative 2-year mortality. We analyzed the reasons for treatment decisions stratified by demographic characteristics and clinical features.

RESULTS:

For 941 enrolled patients, 58.6% of patients died within 1 month of symptom onset; and 68.1% within 2 years. 98 patients underwent surgical repair during follow-up. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified Hunt and Hess grades 3 to 5 (hazard ratio, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.01–2.35];
P
=0.047), loss of consciousness at symptom onset (hazard ratio, 1.56 [95% CI, 1.18–2.07];
P
=0.002), and largest aneurysm size of ≥5 mm (hazard ratio, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.05–1.59];
P
=0.014) as mortality predictors during the 2-year follow-up. Among patients who were successfully followed up, 42.6% (280) of them refused surgical treatment.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients with poor Hunt and Hess grades, loss of consciousness at symptom onset, or largest aneurysms ≥5 mm in size showed a high mortality rate. A high number of treatment refusals was present in this study. These findings have implications for medical insurance policy, doctor-patient communication, and popular science education.
How Land Surface Characteristics Influence the Development of Flash Drought through the Drivers of Soil Moisture and Vapor Pressure Deficit
Authors: Lowman Lauren E. L. , Christian Jordan I. , Hunt Eric D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
As global mean temperature rises, extreme drought events are expected to increasingly affect regions of the United States that are crucial for agriculture, forestry, and natural ecology. A pressing need is to understand and anticipate the conditions under which extreme drought causes catastrophic failure to vegetation in these areas. To better predict drought impacts on ecosystems, we first must understand how specific drivers, namely, atmospheric aridity and soil water stress, affect land surface processes during the evolution of flash drought events. In this study, we evaluated when vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and soil moisture thresholds corresponding to photosynthetic shutdown were crossed during flash drought events across different climate zones and land surface characteristics in the United States. First, the Dynamic Canopy Biophysical Properties (DCBP) model was used to estimate the thresholds that define reduced photosynthesis by assimilating vegetation phenology data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to a predictive phenology model. Next, we characterized and quantified flash drought onset, intensity, and duration using the standardized evaporative stress ratio (SESR) and NLDAS-2 reanalysis. Once periods of flash drought were identified, we investigated how VPD and soil moisture coevolved across regions and plant functional types. Results demonstrate that croplands and grasslands tend to be more sensitive to soil water limitations than trees across different regions of the United States. We found that whether VPD or soil moisture was the primary driver of plant water stress during drought was largely region specific. The results of this work will help to inform land managers of early warning signals relevant for specific ecosystems under threat of flash drought events.
Driving Aggressively or Conservatively? Investigating the Effects of Automated Vehicle Interaction Type and Road Event on Drivers’ Trust and Preferred Driving Style
Authors: Lee Yuni , Dong Miaomiao , Krishnamoorthy Vidya , Akash Kumar , Misu Teruhisa , Zheng Zhaobo , Huang Gaojian 
Published: June 2023

Objective This study aimed to investigate the impact of automated vehicle (AV) interaction mode on drivers’ trust and preferred driving styles in response to pedestrian- and traffic-related road events. Background The rising popularity of AVs highlights the need for a deeper understanding of the factors that influence trust in AV. Trust is a crucial element, particularly because current AVs are only partially automated and may require manual takeover; miscalibrated trust could have an adverse effect on safe driver-vehicle interaction. However, before attempting to calibrate trust, it is vital to comprehend the factors that contribute to trust in automation. Methods Thirty-six individuals participated in the experiment. Driving scenarios incorporated adaptive SAE Level 2 AV algorithms, driven by participants’ event-based trust in AVs and preferences for AV driving styles. The study measured participants’ trust, preferences, and the number of takeover behaviors. Results Higher levels of trust and preference for more aggressive AV driving styles were found in response to pedestrian-related events compared to traffic-related events. Furthermore, drivers preferred the trust-based adaptive mode and had fewer takeover behaviors than the preference-based adaptive and fixed modes. Lastly, participants with higher trust in AVs favored more aggressive driving styles and made fewer takeover attempts. Conclusion Adaptive AV interaction modes that depend on real-time event-based trust and event types may represent a promising approach to human-automation interaction in vehicles. Application Findings from this study can support future driver- and situation-aware AVs that can adapt their behavior for improved driver-vehicle interaction.
Attenuation of psilocybin mushroom effects during and after SSRI/SNRI antidepressant use
Authors: Gukasyan Natalie , Griffiths Roland R. , Yaden David B. , Antoine Denis G. , Nayak Sandeep M. 
Published: June 2023

Background: Psilocybin is being studied for depression, but little is known about how it interacts with common antidepressants. Limited data suggest that psilocybin’s effects may be diminished by serotonergic antidepressants acutely and even after a medication washout period. Aims: To learn the extent to which antidepressants may diminish the effects of psilocybin-containing mushrooms both concurrently and after discontinuation of antidepressants. Methods: Online retrospective survey of individuals with use of psilocybin mushrooms (1) with an antidepressant and/or (2) within 2 years of discontinuing an antidepressant. Participants who took mushrooms with an antidepressant and either took the same dose pre-antidepressant or took the same dose with other people not on antidepressant reported the strength of drug effects relative to their expectation. Participants who took mushrooms following discontinuation of an antidepressant also reported the presence of weakened effects. Results: In reports ( n = 611) of taking mushrooms with an antidepressant, probabilities [95% CI] of weaker than expected drug effects were 0.47 [0.41–0.54] (selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors, SSRIs), 0.55 [0.44–0.67] (serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, SNRIs) and 0.29 [0.2–0.39] (bupropion). Following SSRI/SNRI discontinuation ( n = 1,542 reports), the probability of reduced drug effects was not significantly different from the earliest post-discontinuation timepoint (within 1 week) until 3–6 months, probability = 0.3 [0.20–0.46], p = 0.001. A sensitivity analysis found that removing responses involving fluoxetine, which has an especially long half-life, did not significantly alter this result. Conclusions: SSRI/SNRIs appear to weaken psilocybin drug effects relative to a non-serotonergic antidepressant. This dampening effect may last as long as 3 months following antidepressant discontinuation.
Complications and device failures associated with urolift: Findings from the MAUDE database
Authors: Juliebø-Jones Patrick , Somani Bhaskar K , Tzelves Lazaros , Haugland Julie Nøss , Moen Christian Arvei , Honoré Alfred , Beisland Christian 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Urolift is an established intervention for symptoms of bladder outflow obstruction caused by benign prostate enlargement. Reported advantages include its minimally invasive profile, short learning curve and feasibility as a day case procedure. Our aim was to use a national registry as a means to evaluate the nature of complications and device failures that have been documented to occur. Methods: Retrospective review was performed of the US Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database, a prospective register, which contains voluntarily submitted adverse events associated with surgical devices. Information collected include event timing, underlying cause, procedural completion, complications and mortality status. Results: Between 2016 and 2023, 103 device failures, 5 intra-operative complications and 165 post-operative complications (early: 151, late: 14) were registered. The commonest device problem (56%, n = 58) was failure of the implant to deploy with subsequent requirement for complete replacement. There were 50 cases of documented urosepsis. 62 patients with post operative haematuria were registered including 12 that underwent emergency embolisation. Other complications included stroke ( n = 5), pulmonary embolism ( n = 3) and necrotising fasciitis ( n = 1). Twelve ITU admissions were registered. In the reports, 22 cases were filed that recorded a hospital stay of 7 days or more. Eleven deaths were captured in the database over the study period. Conclusion: While urolift is recognised as less invasive intervention compared to alternatives such as transurethral resection of the prostate, serious adverse events have been reported to occur including death. Our findings can provide learning points for surgeons and allow for improved patient counselling and treatment planning accordingly.
Forage calibration transfer from laboratory to portable near infrared spectrometers
Authors: Yang Xueping , Cherney JH , Casler MD , Berzaghi Paolo 
Published: June 2023

Portable near infrared (NIR) spectrometers are now readily available on the market and with their smaller size, weight and cost have provided the opportunity to analyze forages both on farms and directly in the field. As new technologies and new portable NIR instruments become available on the market, calibrations for these instruments become a major constraint due to the costs and time necessary to collect reference data. This study evaluated techniques to transfer calibrations for alfalfa and grass forage samples that were developed for a scanning benchtop monochromator (FOSS 6500, 400–2498 nm, LAB) to a diode array instrument (AuroraNir, 950–1650 nm, DA), a digital light processing instrument (NIR-S-G1, 950–1650 nm, DLP) and a short wavelength instrument (SCiO, 740–1070 nm, SCIO). Alfalfa (N = 612) and grass (N = 516) samples from eight agronomic studies were analyzed by wet chemistry for crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), in-vitro digestibility (IVTD) and NDF digestibility (NDFD) and divided into calibration, test-set, standardization and inoculation/prediction datasets. Different calibration transfer strategies were evaluated: Spectral Bias Correction (SBC), Shenk and Westerhaus algorithm (SW), Piecewise Direct Standardization (PDS), Dynamic Orthogonal Projection (DOP) or creating a new calibration using LAB predictions of the inoculation/prediction dataset as reference values. All computations for trimming, calibration, validation and standardization were developed using R. SBC with inoculation was an effective method to transfer calibrations for DA. Validation errors for DA transferred calibrations were about 15% lower than LAB for alfalfa data but 6% greater for grass data. For SCIO after DOP spectral adjustment, predicting errors were slightly greater than LAB for both data sets, while prediction errors with DLP were two to three times greater than LAB even after inoculation. PDS created spectral artifacts in the spectra of all three portables, which then resulted in large validation errors. Using LAB predictions as reference values was suitable only for DA, while DLP and DA had large prediction errors. This study showed that calibration sharing between a benchtop and portable instruments is challenging, but possible depending on the portable technologies and the transfer method. Spectral bias correction plus inoculation was the best method to transfer multivariate models for the forage components’ prediction from LAB to handhelds, particularly for DA. Application of DOP was beneficial for SCIO to successfully maintain performance of the original calibration, while for DLP the prediction models were not accurate. Additional studies are necessary to verify these transferring techniques can also be applied to fresh forages, allowing an easier and extended implementation of NIR analysis directly in fields.
The world is nuanced but pixelated: Autistic individuals’ perspective on HIPPEA
Authors: Todorova Greta Krasimirova , Hatton Rosalind Elizabeth Mcbean , Sadique Sarveen , Pollick Frank Earl 
Published: June 2023

Little attention has been given to the voice of autistic individuals during the development of theories that are trying to explain the condition. This can often make individuals feel that they have to fit into the theory’s definition, rather than it fitting into their experience. We aimed to understand to what extent the HIPPEA (High, Inflexible Precision of Prediction Errors in Autism) theory resonates with the lived experiences of autistic individuals. We conducted 21 questionnaires and 8 follow-up interviews and used a hybrid (deductive and inductive) approach to analyse the data. Based on the participants’ views, HIPPEA provides an explanation for many of the lived experiences of autistic individuals. However, refinement is needed with respect to interpersonal interactions, emotional processing and individuals’ motivation to engage with their environment despite challenges with the way the world is organised. Furthermore, more details are needed for the theory to accurately allow us to understand autism. Lay Abstract Autism is a condition comprised of difficulties in social and communication contexts, sensory sensitivities as well as restrictive and repetitive behaviours. Many theories have tried to explain all the symptoms and behaviours associated with autism. We focus on one recent theory – High, Inflexible Precision of Prediction Errors in Autism (HIPPEA). We aim to understand how much this theory fits the experiences of autistic individuals. We collected data through 21 online questionnaires and 8 follow-up interviews. One of our participants was a parent of an autistic child, and the remaining were adults who reported a diagnosis of autism. We analysed the data by thinking about how it fitted with what we already knew and by looking for new insights which came up. Our results suggest that autistic individuals can make generalisations but that this happens more slowly across both social and non-social areas. These generalisations are very reliant on detail – in computer terms, they are ‘pixelated’. This is in line with what HIPPEA suggests. We also showed that autistic individuals can be motivated to explore and engage socially, something that needs more consideration within HIPPEA. Overall, this study shows that HIPPEA can explain many autistic experiences, but that further refinement is needed.
Online Singing Groups for People With Dementia: Adaptation and Resilience in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dowson Becky , Schneider Justine , McDermott Orii , Orrell Martin 
Published: June 2023

Introduction At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, people with dementia living in the community experienced the sudden loss of their usual activities, and videoconferencing was widely adopted by music groups whilst face-to-face sessions were not possible. This paper reports the findings of a proof-of-concept study of online singing for people living with dementia and their carers, focusing on the experiences of the participants. Method People with dementia and their care partners were invited to take part in 10 weeks of online singing sessions. Each session lasted 1 hour, and comprised time for talking, warming up and singing familiar songs. Participants completed standardised outcome measures at baseline and after 10 weeks. Dyads were invited to take part in a semi-structured interview. Results In total, 16 pairs were recruited. The response to the online singing group was mostly positive. Participants were able to use the technology to join the sessions, and reported few technical problems. Despite the limitations of online singing, the experience was frequently reported to be enjoyable. Some participants described longer-term benefits, such as improved mood and better relationship between care partners. Some felt online sessions had advantages over face-to-face ones; for example, they were more accessible. However, participants who had previously been attending face-to-face sessions felt that the online singing was a “better than nothing” substitute. Conclusions Online singing cannot recreate the experience of group singing face-to-face, and it requires some technical knowledge, but it provides a worthwhile alternative in a time of need for some people with dementia and their carers. Furthermore, for some people online singing may be preferable due to its accessibility. Given the potential for online singing to include people who cannot go out for any reason and its relatively low cost, providers may wish to consider hybrid online/in-person singing groups in future.
Is the Mid-Term Patency Rate of Small-Diameter Viabahn Stent-Grafts in Peripheral Artery Disease Related to Their Length? A Systematic Review
Authors: Ferrari Enrico , Wang Changtian , Tozzi Piergiorgio , Karl von Segesser Ludwig 
Published: June 2023

Objective: Small-diameter endografts can be used for the treatment of the peripheral vascular disease, but the patency rate during the follow-up is still under debate. With this review, we aimed at analyzing the mid-term patency of small-diameter Viabahn stent-grafts and investigating the relationship between patency and the length of the graft. Methods: We performed a review of articles published until September 2020 and reporting use of ≤7-mm-diameter Viabahn stent-grafts in diseased peripheral arteries. Data on study type, demographic, lesion length, stent-graft diameter, length, and patency (1-year, 3-year, 5-year primary patency, primary-assisted patency, and secondary patency), follow-up, endoleak, and re-intervention rates were extracted and analyzed. A statistical test was applied to identify a correlation between stent-graft length and patency. Results: 16 retrospective and 7 prospective studies reported the outcome of 1613 patients (mean age: 69.6±33.7 years). There was considerable heterogeneity in reporting standards among studies. The diameter of Viabahn stent-grafts ranged 5 to 7mm and the average length was 23.6±12.4cm. Heparin-bonded grafts were used in 46.4% of cases. Mean follow-up time was 26.4±17.6 months. The 1- and 5-year primary patency rate was 75.7% (95% CI, 73.6%–77.8%) and 46.8% (95% CI, 41.0%–52.6%), respectively. The 1- and 5-year primary-assisted patency rate was 80.9% (95% CI, 73.9%–87.8%) and 60.9% (95% CI, 46.4–75.5%), respectively. The 1- and 5-year second-assisted patency was 90.4% (95% CI, 87.4%–93.3%) and 73.7% (95% CI, 64.7%–82.8%), respectively. No correlation between the stent-graft length and patency was found. Conclusions: Small-diameter Viabahn stent-graft implantation represents a safe treatment for patients with peripheral artery disease, and the mid-term patency rate seems not be affected by the length of the graft. Clinical Impact The use of small diameter stent-grafts for peripheral vascular disease is an established technique but the patency rate is still under debate. With this review we have investigated the relationship between the mid-term patency and the diameter of the stent-grafts. Afterv having analysed data from 23 published studies including 1613 patients we can conclude that the treatment of the peripheral artery disease with small diameter stent-grafts is safe and the mid-term patency rate seems not be affected by the lenght of the grafts.