bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermo-Physical Characterization of Waste-Glass-Induced Packed Bed Material as Thermal Energy Storage Device for Compressed Air Energy Storage System
Authors: Assegie Mebratu Adamu , Siram Ojing , Sahoo Niranjan , Kalita Pankaj 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The article presents the preparation and testing of packed bed (PB) material to be used as a thermal energy storage (TES) device. The proposed TES device will be used to store the high thermal energy attained during air compression in a compressed air energy storage (CAES) system. The article examines the utilization of mortar-based admixture by incorporating waste glass powder (WGP), graphite powder (GP), and waste glass sand (WGS). The selection of these constituents as a primary ingredient for the PB material has been made based on their availability, cost, and sustainability. The thermo-physical assessment of samples with different proportions of aggregates outlined two categories of PB: the first category of PB with low volumetric heat capacity (CP) for short/quick TES and the second category of PB with high CP for large/longer TES. The study also showcases the importance of GP in enhancing the CP of mortar-based TES devices as a result of high porosity.
Validity of the German Version of Daily Activity Behaviours Questionnaire Among Older Adults
Authors: Kastelic Kaja , Löfler Stefan , Matko Špela , Šarabon Nejc 
Published: August 2023

Time spent in physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep collectively impact health of older adults. There is a need for valid self-reported methods for the assessment of movement behaviors across the entire 24-hr day. The aim of this study was to explore the validity of the German version of Daily Activity Behaviours Questionnaire (DABQ), the “Schlaf- und Aktivitätsfragebogen (SAF),” among older adults. Participants were asked to wear activity monitor (activPAL) for a period of 8 days and to complete the German version of DABQ. Seventy-seven participants (45 females; 68 ± 5 years of age) completed the protocol. Spearman’s correlation coefficients between DABQ and activPAL estimates for time spent in sleep, sedentary behavior, light physical activity, and moderate to vigorous physical activity were .69, .35, .24, and .52, respectively. The German version of the DABQ showed satisfactory validity to be used in epidemiological research and population surveillance among older adults.
Plasmodium
microtubule-binding protein EB1 is critical for partitioning of nuclei in male gametogenesis
Authors: Mauer Sydney , Camargo Nelly , Abatiyow Biley A. , Gargaro Olivia R. , Kappe Stefan H. I. , Kumar Sudhir 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Sexual reproduction of the malaria parasites is critical for their transmission to a mosquito vector. Several signaling molecules, such as kinases and phosphatases, are known to regulate this process. We previously demonstrated that
Plasmodium falciparum
(
Pf
) Ca
2+
-dependent protein kinase 4 (CDPK4) and serine/arginine-rich protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) are critical for axoneme formation during male gametogenesis, with genetic deletion of either gene causing a complete block in parasite transmission to the mosquito. A comparative phospho-proteome analysis of

Pfcdpk4
−

and RNA-seq analysis of

Pfsrpk1
−

gametocytes showed that these kinases regulate similar biological processes linked to both microtubule (MT) dynamics and cell motility. One of these proteins was a nuclear MT-associated
E
nd
B
inding protein 1 (EB1), which was hypophosphorylated in
Pfcdpk4
−
gametocytes. To study the functional relevance of EB1, we created gene deletion parasites for
EB1
. We further demonstrate that
Pfeb1
−
parasites like WT NF54 parasites proliferate normally as asexuals and undergo gametocytogenesis and gametogenesis. Strikingly, these parasites suffer a severe defect in nuclear segregation and partitioning of nuclei into emerging microgametes. Further genetic crosses utilizing male- and female-sterile parasites revealed that

Pfeb1
−

parasites only suffer a male fertility defect. Overall, our study reveals an essential function for
Pf
EB1 in male gamete nuclear segregation and suggests a potential therapeutic avenue in the design of transmission-blocking drugs to prevent malaria transmission from humans to mosquito.

IMPORTANCE

Gametogenesis and subsequent gamete fusion are central to successful transmission of the malaria parasites to a female
Anopheles
mosquito vector and completion of the sexual phase of the parasite life cycle. Male gametogenesis involves the formation of axonemes inside male gametes from male gametocytes via active cytoskeleton remodeling. The tubulin and tubulin-binding proteins are, thus, attractive anti-malarial drug targets. In the present study, we demonstrate that a microtubule-binding protein
Pf
EB1 is essential for male gamete fertility, specifically for the inheritance of nuclei from activated male gametocytes. Targeting
Pf
EB1 function may provide new avenues into designing interventions to prevent malaria transmission and disease spread.
Contemporary enterovirus-D68 isolates infect human spinal cord organoids
Authors: Aguglia Gabrielle , Coyne Carolyn B. , Dermody Terence S. , Williams John V. , Freeman Megan Culler 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a nonpolio enterovirus associated with severe respiratory illness and acute flaccid myelitis (AFM), a polio-like illness causing paralysis in children. AFM outbreaks have been associated with increased circulation and genetic diversity of EV-D68 since 2014, although the virus was discovered in the 1960s. The mechanisms by which EV-D68 targets the central nervous system are unknown. Since enteroviruses are human pathogens that do not routinely infect other animal species, establishment of a human model of the central nervous system is essential for understanding pathogenesis. Here, we describe two human spinal cord organoid (hSCO)-based models for EV-D68 infection derived from induced, pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines. One hSCO model consists primarily of spinal motor neurons, while the another model comprises multiple neuronal cell lineages, including motor neurons, interneurons, and glial cells. These hSCOs can be productively infected with contemporary strains, but not a historic strain, of EV-D68 and produce extracellular virus for at least 2 weeks without appreciable cytopathic effect. By comparison, infection with hSCO with another enterovirus, echovirus 11, causes significant structural destruction and apoptosis. Together, these findings suggest that EV-D68 infection is not the sole mediator of neuronal cell death in the spinal cord in those with AFM and that secondary injury from the immune response likely contributes to pathogenesis.

IMPORTANCE
AFM is a rare condition that causes significant morbidity in affected children, often contributing to life-long sequelae. It is unknown how EV-D68 causes paralysis in children, and effective therapeutic and preventative strategies are not available. Mice are not native hosts for EV-D68, and thus, existing mouse models use immunosuppressed or neonatal mice, mouse-adapted viruses, or intracranial inoculations. To complement existing models, we report two hSCO models for EV-D68 infection. These three-dimensional, multicellular models comprised human cells and include multiple neural lineages, including motor neurons, interneurons, and glial cells. These new hSCO models for EV-D68 infection will contribute to understanding how EV-D68 damages the human spinal cord, which could lead to new therapeutic and prophylactic strategies for this virus.
Psychological impacts of COVID-19 on Vietnamese health workers over the prolonged restricted COVID-19 responses: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tran Bach , Nguyen Minh Trong , Auquier Pascal , Boyer Laurent , Fond Guillaume , Vu Giang Thu , Hoang Thao Phuong , Ho Phuong Thu , Nguyen Tu Huu , Latkin Carl A , Ho Cyrus SH , Ho Roger C M , Zhang Melvyn W B 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveWe assessed the psychological impact posed by COVID-19 and its associated factors on the healthcare workforce nationwide during the peak of Vietnam’s fourth outbreak.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingOur study was conducted in 61 provinces of Vietnam.MethodsA total of 2814 healthcare professionals in 61/63 provinces of Vietnam. An online questionnaire using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scales was distributed randomly to a subgroup of 503 respondents.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTo determine the impact of COVID-19 on the psychological of health workers, we conducted analyses to test a primary hypothesis related to participants based on three main scales including PHQ-9, PSS-4 and GAD-7 scales.ResultsNearly half (49.7%) of healthcare workers experienced mild depression symptoms, 34.0% underwent moderate anxiety symptoms and 49.3% reported high-stress levels. Respondents who had a monthly income below 5 million VND (~US$212) and had more than 3 days of duty per week had a higher score on the anxiety scales. Compared with medical doctors, nurses/midwives had lower PHQ-9 (Coef=−2.53; 95% CI=−3.71 to −1.36) and GAD-7 scores (Coef=−2.36; 95% CI=−3.56 L to −1.16). Increased workload and work time was the harmful factor that increase the PHQ-9, GAD-7 or PSS-4 scores. More than half (53.9%) of respondents stated no demand for mental healthcare services.ConclusionsHealth workers who gained less financial rewards are reported to have higher levels of mental distress than others, implying the need for a raise in basic salary as well as compensation and encouragement schemes. To tackle hesitancy in seeking mental help, integrating online mental health therapy with e-health consultations via social media can be strategically implemented to augment service delivery, and simultaneously enhance the standard of mental health services.
Use of geofencing interventions in population health research: a scoping review
Authors: Tobin Karin , Heidari Omeid , Volpi Connor , Sodder Shereen , Duncan Dustin 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesTechnological advancements that use global positioning system (GPS), such as geofencing, provide the opportunity to examine place-based context in population health research. This review aimed to systematically identify, assess and synthesise the existing evidence on geofencing intervention design, acceptability, feasibility and/or impact.DesignScoping review, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidance for reporting.Data sourcesPubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane and PsycINFO for articles in English published up to 31 December 2021.Eligibility criteriaArticles were included if geofencing was used as a mechanism for intervention delivery. Exclusion criteria: (1) a component or combination of GPS, geographical information system or ecological momentary assessment was used without delivery of an intervention; (2) did not include a health or health-related outcome from the geofencing intervention; or (3) was not a peer-reviewed study.Data extraction and synthesisSeveral researchers independently reviewed all abstracts and full-text articles for final inclusion.ResultsA total of 2171 articles were found; after exclusions, nine studies were included in the review. The majority were published in 5 years preceding the search (89%). Geofences in most studies (n=5) were fixed and programmed in the mobile application carried by participants without their input. Mechanisms of geofencing interventions were classified as direct or indirect, with five studies (56%) using direct interventions. There were several different health outcomes (from smoking to problematic alcohol use) across the five studies that used a direct geofencing intervention.ConclusionsThis scoping review found geofencing to be an emerging technology that is an acceptable and feasible intervention applied to several different populations and health outcomes. Future studies should specify the rationale for the locations that are geofenced and user input. Moreover, attention to mechanisms of actions will enable scientists to understand not only whether geofencing is an appropriate and effective intervention but why it works to achieve the outcomes observed.
Exploring doctors’ trade-offs between management, research and clinical training in the medical curriculum: a protocol for a discrete choice experiment in Southern Africa
Authors: Turner Astrid , Wolvaardt Jacqueline , Ryan Mandy 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionMedical curricula should prepare doctors for roles that extend beyond that of a clinician. But the formal inclusion of both management and research training still appear to be neglected. It is important to understand what the profession would be willing to give up in terms of clinical training time for management and research content teaching prior to making any changes in a medical curriculum.Methods and analysisA discrete choice experiment will elicit the preferences and trade-offs that medical doctors in Southern Africa are prepared to make about the management, research and clinical training. Attention will also be given to the teaching method and placement of the content. DCE data will be collected using an online survey with an estimated sample size of 368 medical doctors. Data regarding participants’ preference for a traditional or revised curriculum will be assessed using the Resistance to Change-Beliefs (RC-B) scale and demographic information will also be collected to assess preference heterogeneity.Analysis of the DCE data will be based on the Random Utility Maximisation framework using variants of the multinomial logit model. Data quality will be assessed. Value will be estimated in terms of clinical time, that is, how much clinical training time medical doctors are willing to give up to have research and management training within a curriculum that has a maximum of 40 hours per week. Observed preference heterogeneity will be assessed using the RC-B scale data and characteristics of respondents. Latent class models will be used to test for unobserved heterogeneity.Ethics and disseminationThe research ethics and institutional committees of the sites have approved the study. The survey includes an informed consent section. Study findings will be reported to the medical schools and papers will be submitted to peer-reviewed, accredited journals and higher education and health economic conferences.
Perspectives of cardiac rehabilitation in patients who had a stroke: a protocol for a qualitative study review
Authors: Jiang Hu , Mei Yongxia , Lin Beilei , Wang Wenna , Wang Xiaoxuan , Zhao Zhixin , Zhang Zhen-xiang 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionStroke has a high incidence and disability rate, and its recurrence and readmission rates are rising, making it the second-leading cause of mortality in the globe. Cardiac rehabilitation is a well-known, evidence-based strategy that might serve as an additional preventative programme. Prior quantitative research has proven the positive results and high practicability of cardiac rehabilitation for patients who had a stroke, however, cardiac rehabilitation is not yet a routine component of stroke rehabilitation worldwide. It might be useful to conduct meta-integration of previous qualitative studies to understand if existing cardiac rehabilitation programme meets the needs of patients who had a stroke. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to combine systematically the perspectives on benefits, barriers and facilitating factors of cardiac rehabilitation in patients who had a stroke.Methods and analysisThere will be a search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases. In addition, grey literature from Google Scholar, OpenGrey, PyARXiv, bioRxiv and medRxiv will also be searched. Included studies will be qualitative studies or findings from mixed-method research involving patients who engage in CR after a stroke. Regardless of the publishing date and context, English-language articles will be reviewed. Two impartial reviewers will screen studies and extract data from the included studies. According to the Joanna Briggs Institute Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care Quality Evaluation Criteria for qualitative research, the methodology of the included literature will be examined. For data synthesis, the pooling meta-integration approach and Noblit and Hare’s seven steps of meta-ethnography will be used.Ethics and disseminationBecause there will be no collection of primary data, this systematic review is exempt from the need that gets ethical approval. The findings of the review will be made public by publishing them in scholarly journals and presenting them at scientific conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023387534
Multicohort cross-sectional study of cognitive and behavioural digital biomarkers in neurodegeneration: the Living Lab Study protocol
Authors: Crook-Rumsey Mark , Daniels Sarah J C , Abulikemu Subati , Lai Helen , Rapeaux Adrien , Hadjipanayi Charalambos , Soreq Eyal , Li Lucia M , Bashford James , Jeyasingh-Jacob Julian , Gruia Dragos C , Lambert Damion , Weil Rimona , Hampshire Adam , Sharp David J , Haar Shlomi 
Published: August 2023

Introduction and aimsDigital biomarkers can provide a cost-effective, objective and robust measure for neurological disease progression, changes in care needs and the effect of interventions. Motor function, physiology and behaviour can provide informative measures of neurological conditions and neurodegenerative decline. New digital technologies present an opportunity to provide remote, high-frequency monitoring of patients from within their homes. The purpose of the living lab study is to develop novel digital biomarkers of functional impairment in those living with neurodegenerative disease (NDD) and neurological conditions.Methods and analysisThe Living Lab study is a cross-sectional observational study of cognition and behaviour in people living with NDDs and other, non-degenerative neurological conditions. Patients (n≥25 for each patient group) with dementia, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, mild cognitive impairment, traumatic brain injury and stroke along with controls (n≥60) will be pragmatically recruited. Patients will carry out activities of daily living and functional assessments within the Living Lab. The Living Lab is an apartment-laboratory containing a functional kitchen, bathroom, bed and living area to provide a controlled environment to develop novel digital biomarkers. The Living Lab provides an important intermediary stage between the conventional laboratory and the home. Multiple passive environmental sensors, internet-enabled medical devices, wearables and electroencephalography (EEG) will be used to characterise functional impairments of NDDs and non-NDD conditions. We will also relate these digital technology measures to clinical and cognitive outcomes.Ethics and disseminationEthical approvals have been granted by the Imperial College Research Ethics Committee (reference number: 21IC6992). Results from the study will be disseminated at conferences and within peer-reviewed journals.
Association between high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and fall-related hospitalisation in women aged over 70 years
Authors: Gebre Abadi Kahsu , Sim Marc , Dalla Via Jack , Smith Cassandra , Rodriguez Alexander J , Hodgson Jonathan M , Bondonno Catherine P , Lim Wai , Byrnes Elizabeth , Thompson Peter R , Prince Richard L , Lewis Joshua R 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo examine the association between high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI), a biomarker of myocardial injury, muscle function decline and 14.5-year fall-related hospitalisation risk in women aged over 70 years.Methods1179 ambulatory community-dwelling women aged over 70 years with subclinical levels of hs-cTnI (ie, <15.6 ng/L), who were followed up for 14.5 years, were included. Samples for hs-cTnI were obtained in 1998. Fall-related hospitalisations were retrieved from linked health records. Muscle function measures, including handgrip strength and the Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) test, were assessed in 1998 and 2003.ResultsMean±SD age was 75.2±2.7 years. Over 14.5 years of follow-up, 40.4% (476 of 1179) experienced fall-related hospitalisation. Participants were categorised into four approximate hs-cTnI quartiles: quartile 1 (<3.6 ng/L), quartile 2 (3.6–4.4 ng/L), quartile 3 (4.5–5.8 ng/L) and quartile 4 (≥5.9 ng/L). Compared with those in Q1, women in Q4 were likely to experience fall-related hospitalisation (36.0% vs 42.8%). In a multivariable-adjusted model that accounted for CVD and fall risk factors, compared with women in Q1, those in Q4 had a 46% higher risk of fall-related hospitalisation (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.98). Additionally, women in Q4 had slower TUG performance compared with those in Q1 (10.3 s vs 9.5 s, p=0.032).ConclusionElevated level of hs-cTnI was associated with slower TUG performance and increased fall-related hospitalisation risk. This indicates subclinical level of hs-cTnI can identify clinically relevant falls, emphasising the need to consider cardiac health during fall assessment in women aged over 70 years.Trial registration numberACTRN12617000640303.
Prevalence and clinical implications of germline pathogenic variants in cancer predisposing genes in young patients across sarcoma subtypes
Authors: Carvalho Nathalia de Angelis de , Santiago Karina Miranda , Maia Joyce Maria Lisboa , Costa Felipe D’Almeida , Formiga Maria Nirvana , Soares Diogo Cordeiro de Queiroz , Paixão Daniele , Mello Celso Abdon Lopes de , Costa Cecilia Maria Lima da , Rocha José Claudio Casali da , Rivera Barbara , Carraro Dirce Maria , Torrezan Giovana Tardin 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundSarcomas are a rare and diverse group of cancers occurring mainly in young individuals for which an underlying germline genetic cause remains unclear in most cases.MethodsGermline DNA from 177 children, adolescents and young adults with soft tissue or bone sarcomas was tested using multigene panels with 113 or 126 cancer predisposing genes (CPGs) to describe the prevalence of germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (GPVs). Subsequent testing of a subset of tumours for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) evaluation was performed to investigate the clinical and molecular significance of these variants.ResultsGPVs were detected in 21.5% (38/177) of the patients (15.8% in children and 21.6% in adolescents and young adults), with dominant CPGs being altered in 15.2% overall. These variants were found in genes previously associated with the risk of developing sarcomas (TP53,RB1,NF1,EXT1/2) but also in genes where that risk is still emerging/limited (ERCC2,TSC2andBRCA2) or unknown (PALB2,RAD50,FANCMand others). The detection rates of GPVs varied from 0% to 33% across sarcoma subtypes and GPV carriers were more likely to present more than one primary tumour than non-carriers (21.1%×6.5%; p=0.012). Loss of the wild-type allele was detected in 48% of tumours from GPV carriers, mostly in genes definitively associated with sarcoma risk.ConclusionOur findings reveal that a high proportion of young patients with sarcomas presented a GPV in a CPG, underscoring the urgency of establishing appropriate genetic screening strategies for these individuals and their families.