bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and Characterization of Silicon nanowire/PEDOT: PSS Hybrid Hetrojunction Photosensor
Authors: Inaya H. H. , Mahdi M. A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSilicon nanowire (SiNW) samples arrays are prepared by the metal-assisted chemical etching method using Ag as a catalyst and different etching durations of 15, 30 and 60 min. The structural, morphological and optical properties of the prepared SiNWs are investigated. The diameter of the prepared SiNWs ranges from 20 nm to 280 nm whilst the reflectance is less than 1% in the visible region wavelengths for all prepared samples. Hybrid heterojunction photosensors based on n-SiNWs/ PEDOT: PSS are fabricated by directly spin casting SiNWs by PEDOT: PSS thin films. The photosensor fabricated based on the SiNWs prepared for 60 min of duration exhibit excellent spectral responsivity of 23.231 mA W− 1and high sensitivity of 43.948% at 0 V bias under 622 nm light. Furthermore, the sensor shows high specific detectivity reaching 0.3×1011Jones with the bias voltage of 1 V and Trice/Tfallof 20/23 ms with the bias voltage of 0.5 V.
Identification of Encrypted and Malicious Network Traffic Based on One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Zhou Yan , Shi Huiling , Zhao Yanling , Ding Wei , Han Jing , Sun Hongyang , Zhang Xianheng , Tang Chang , Zhang Wei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The rapid development of the internet has brought a significant increase in network traffic, but the efficiency of categorizing different types of network traffic has lagged behind, which has downgraded cyber security. How to identify different dimensions of network traffic data with more efficiency and accuracy remains a challenging issue. We design a convolutional neural network model HexCNN-1D that combines normalized processing and attention mechanisms. By adding the attention mechanism modules Global Attention Block (GAB) and Category Attention Block (CAB), different dimensions were introduced to classify and recognize network traffic. By extracting effective load information from hexadecimal network traffic, we designed to identify most of the network traffic, including encrypted and malicious traffic data. The experimental results show that the average accuracy is 98.8%. This method can greatly improve the recognition rate of different dimensions of network traffic data.
Investigating the Social Representations of Harmful Code
Authors: Lima Rodrigo , Souza Jairo , Fonseca Baldoino , Teixeira Leopoldo , Maiani Rafael , Ribeiro Márcio , Gheyi Rohit , Garcia Alessandro 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Context. Harmful Code are code elements that harm the software. Several characteristics can cause a code be Harmful to the Software. That may result from plenty of characteristics of the source code and external issues. By example, one might associate Harmful Code with the introduction of bugs, architecture degradation, and hard comprehension. However, there is still a lack of knowledge on which are the code issues that are considered harmful from the perspective of the community of software developers. Goal. In this work, we investigate the social representations of Harmful Code among a community of software developers composed of Brazilian postgraduate students and professionals from the industry. Method. We conducted free association tasks with members from this community for characterizing what comes to their minds when they think about Harmful Code. Then, we compiled a set of associations that compose the social representations of Harmful Code. Results. We found that the investigated community strongly associates Harmful Code with a core set of undesirable characteristics of the source code, such as bugs and different types of smells. Based on these findings, we discussed each of them to try to understand why those characteristics happen. Conclusion. Our study reveals the main characteristics of Harmful Code by a community of developers, those characteristics can guide researchers on future works to better understand Harmful Code.
The clinical course and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: A 24-week follow-up study in Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
Authors: Sedik Rozhan Nabaz Mohammed 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Most children infected with SARS-CoV-2 have asymptomatic or mild disease with a short clinical course and excellent outcome; meanwhile, some children experienced persisting symptoms lasting > 12 weeks from the COVID-19 diagnosis. This study aimed to define the acute clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes in children after recovery. This prospective cohort study was conducted on 105 children (aged < 16 years) with confirmed COVID-19 infection at Jamal Ahmed Rashid Teaching Hospital, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq, from July to September 2021. The symptomatic and suspicious cases of COVID-19 infection in children were confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on nasopharyngeal swabs. About 85.6% of children fully recovered at ≤ 4 weeks from initial COVID-19 diagnosis, 42% were hospitalized, while 15.2% reported long COVID-19 symptoms. The most commonly reported symptoms were fatigue (7.1%), hair fall (4.0%), lack of concentration (3.0%), and abdominal pain (2.0%). Children aged 11–16 years showed a greater risk of long COVID-19 symptoms. We also observed a higher risk of post-COVID-19 symptoms in those who reported ongoing symptoms at 4–6 weeks of follow-up assessment (p = 0.01). Despite mild disease and complete recovery in most children, many suffered from post-COVID symptoms.
Microstructural development during additive manufacturing of biomedical grade Ti-6Al-4V alloy by three-dimensional binder jetting: Materials aspects and mechanical properties
Authors: Simchi Abdolreza , Petzoldt Frank , Hartwig Thomas , Hein Sebastian Boris , Barthel Bastian , Reineke Lea 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) of biomedical materials provides enormous opportunities to fabricate multifunctional and structurally designed frameworks for tissue engineering, such as dental implants and bone substitutes. Despite several advantages of the binder jet 3D printing technology over other AM methods, the fabrication of biomedical-grade titanium alloys with high-density, fine microstructure, and low pickup of impurities is still challenging. This work presents the effects of powder particle size and 3D printing conditions on the microstructural features and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The formation of large and inter-aggregate pores during binder jetting is demonstrated and discussed. Design and selection of particle size distribution with a mean diameter of ~20 µm and large span and positive skewness are proposed to minimize binder-induced powder aggregation and fabricate green parts with a density of 65±1 % PFD (pore-free density). Dilatometric studies under a partial pressure of argon (0.1 bar) determine that sintering just above the a/b tarsus (~1050 °C) provides a high strain rate to remove pores, but high-temperature sintering (³1250 °C) is required to attain 97 % PFD. The successful fabrication of high-density Ti-6Al-4V parts (³96 % PFD) with the microstructure comparable to metal injection molding (MIM) titanium parts (»100 µm α grains + β lattes) is demonstrated. The tensile strength and elongation fall in the range of 880±50 MPa and 6±2 %, depending on the processing condition. The content of carbon (<0.02 wt.%) and nitrogen (0.01 wt.%) also falls in the standard region of metal injection molding parts. However, oxygen pickup during sintering moderately increases the oxygen content (for 30-50 %) over the standard level. The concentration of interstitials entrapped in the metal is comparable to that of parts manufactured by the powder bed fusion process, but the mechanical properties are better matched with the commercial titanium alloy. The fabrication of the titanium alloy as per the ASTM F2885 standard provides an excellent opportunity for the binder jetting process to develop custom-made biomaterials.
Pre-excited atrial fibrillation revealed at a very delayed age: Case report
Authors: Diallo Thierno Hamidou , faraj raid , Hilal Safae , Lahraoui Myriam , Kisra Oualid , Benmessaoud Fatima-azzahra , Doghmi Nawal , Fellat Ibtissam , Cherti Mohamed 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a condition characterized by the persistence of an accessory bundle responsible for ventricular pre-excitation that can lead to symptomatic and potentially severe arrhythmias. Coexistence with atrial fibrillation is well known and not uncommon, exposing to potential degenerescence into ventricular fibrillation when atrial impulses are transmitted along the accessory pathway. WPW syndrome is most prevalent in younger patients and cases revealed after an advanced age have rarely been described in the literature.
Case presentation: Here, we report a case of atrial pre-excitation first diagnosed at the age of 72 years that required external electrical cardioversion with a favorable outcome. The diagnosis was based on clinical and electrographic findings.
Conclusions: WPW syndrome is a relatively rare cardiac disorder that can be a cause of sudden death, especially when combined with atrial fibrillation. Therefore, cardiologists have to consider this diagnosis in patients presenting clinical signs of arrhythmia with an electrical pattern of WPW.
Measuring the burden of infodemics with a research toolkit for connecting information exposure, trust, and health behaviours
Authors: Dunn Adam G. , Purnat Tina D. , Ishizumi Atsuyoshi , Nguyen Tim , Briand Sylvie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background:During a public health emergency, accurate and useful information can be drowned out by questions, concerns, information voids, conflicting information and misinformation. Very few studies connect information exposure and trust to health behaviours, which limits available evidence to inform when and where to act to mitigate the burden of infodemics, especially in low resource settings. In this paper, we describe the need for a toolkit that can link information exposure to health behaviours at the individual level.Methods:Most data-driven infodemiology research is designed to characterise content rather than measure associations between information exposure and health behaviours. Studies also tend to be limited to specific social media platforms, are unable to capture the breadth of individual information exposure that occur online and offline, and cannot measure differences in trust by information source or content. Studies are also designed very differently, limiting synthesis of results. To meet the needs of the research community, we propose a research toolkit that can be used in studies measuring topic-specific information exposure and health behaviours, and implements a standardised protocol so results can be combined in a meta-analysis. Other desirable features of the toolkit would include the ability to tailor studies to local contexts, ease of use for participants, and frictionless sharing of de-identified data for aggregating individual participant data.Results:We demonstrate one solution: a web-based study platform that participants use to record topic-specific information exposure in a diary application and a browser plugin for tracking access to relevant webpages, supports questionnaires, and supports incentives for participation such as visual analytics to compare trust levels with other participants.Conclusions:Our proposed solution will be able to capture detailed data about information exposure and health behaviour data, standardise study design while simultaneously supporting localisation, and make it easy to synthesise individual participant data across studies. Future research will need to evaluate the toolkit in realistic scenarios to understand the usability of the toolkit for both participants and investigators.
Optofluidic transport and particle trapping using an all-dielectric quasi-BIC metasurface
Authors: Ndukaife Justus , Yang Sen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Manipulating fluids by light at the nanoscale has been a long-sought-after goal for lab-on-a-chip applications. Plasmonic heating has been demonstrated to control microfluidic dynamics due to the enhanced and confined light absorption from the intrinsic losses of metals. Dielectrics, the counterpart of metals, has been used to avoid undesired thermal effects due to its negligible light absorption. Here, we report an innovative optofluidic system that leverages a quasi-BIC-driven all-dielectric metasurface to achieve nanoscale control of temperature and fluid motion. Our experiments show that suspended particles down to 200 nanometers can be rapidly aggregated to the center of the illuminated metasurface with a velocity of tens of micrometers per second, and up to millimeter-scale particle transport is demonstrated. The strong electromagnetic field enhancement of the quasi-BIC resonance increases the flow velocity up to three times compared with the off-resonant situation. We also experimentally investigate the dynamics of particle aggregation with respect to laser wavelength and power. A physical model is presented and simulated to elucidate the phenomena and surfactants are added to the nanoparticle colloid to validate the model. Our study demonstrates the application of the recently emerged all-dielectric thermonanophotonics in dealing with functional liquids and opens new frontiers in harnessing non-plasmonic nanophotonics to manipulate microfluidic dynamics. Moreover, the synergistic effects of optofluidics and high-Q all-dielectric nanostructures hold enormous potential in high-sensitivity biosensing applications.
Morphology of the greater palatine foramen: a clinical point of view
Authors: Radošević Dragana , Erić Mirela , Marić Dušica , Vučinić Nikola , Knezi Nikola , Pupovac Nikolina , Ilić Aleksa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Purpose Anatomical characteristics of the greater palatine foramen (GPF) have an important role during the greater palatine nerve block application in order to anesthetize maxillary teeth, gums, midface, and nasal cavities. Position of GPF is usually described in relation to adjacent anatomical structures. The aim of this investigation is to examine the morphometric relationships of GPF and closely determine its position.
Methods The study included 87 skulls (174 foramina). They were photographed in a horizontal position with bases facing up. The digital data were processed in the ImageJ 1.53n software.
Results The average distance of the GPF from the median palatine suture was 15.94 mm. In relation to the posterior border of the bony palate, the distance was 2.05 mm. Statistical significance was found in the comparison of the angle between the GPF, incisive fossa, and the median palatine suture between the sides of the skulls (p=0.02). The comparison of tested parameters between males and females showed significant differences in GPF – MPS (p=0.003) and GPF – pb (p=0.012) with lower values in females. The largest percentage of skulls (77.01%) had the GPF located at the level of the third molar. The largest number of bony palates had one lesser opening (60.91%) located on the left side.
Conclusion GPF is located at the level of the maxillary third molar in most of the examined palates. Knowledge of the anatomical position of the greater palatine foramen and its variations is the basis for the successful implementation of anesthesia and various surgical interventions.
Significant Step Towards Efficient Electrical Discharge Machining Titanium Alloys
Authors: Zhou Ming , Hu Tianshang , Mu Xin , Zhao Meng , Yang Jianwei , Ye Qing , Xu Pei , Yang Lei , Xin Fangqing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
There have been high demands of high-quality, highly efficient processing methodologies on "difficult-to-cut" titanium alloys. The current methods for dealing with this kind of materials are mainly mechanical cutting ones. However, because of high processing costs, poor surface qualities, and restrictive machining operations, the costs of mechanical cutting methods are high. Electrical discharge machining (EDM), because of its flexibility, was considered as a supplement. However, serious difficulties arose while machining titanium alloys by EDM. Because of low thermo-conductivity of titanium alloys, the liquid temperature in gap between electrode and workpiece rose quickly after a series of pulse discharges. The high temperature of gap liquid usually led to gap liquid break-down strength to decline. The consequence was discharging pulses tended out to be stable arc pulses or short pulses, burning workpiece surface and wearing electrode. The machining process became unstable. The low thermal conductivity of titanium alloys was the inherent property which could be hardly changed, and at present only way to settle the hard-to-cut problem of machining titanium alloys by EDM was to seek a way to keep gap liquid break-down strength not go down so fast but still be suitable for effective pulse discharges. To solve this problem, this paper first listed three conditions to be met and analyzed the reasons to affect gap liquid break-down strength in detail and concluded with three factors, gap distance, amount of chips left in gap, and gap liquid deionization after pulse discharges. Then came up with a proposition to the problem. Technically, the proposition was accomplished by constructing a multiple-variable adaptive control system in which gap servo-voltage proportional to gap distance was in charge of discharging extent of pulses, electrode-discharging time decided the amount of chips produced in an electrode discharging cycle, and pulse-off time decided gap liquid deionization after discharges. These variables were timely regulated to keep the liquid break-down strength suitable for discharging and meanwhile avoiding arcing in machining. The verification test demonstrated that the multi-variable control system really helped electrical discharge machining titanium alloys in severe machining situations and proved its usefulness in applications.
Who drops off web-based travel surveys? Investigating the implications of respondents dropping out of travel diaries during online travel surveys
Authors: Wang Kaili , Liu Yicong , Hossain Sanjana , Habib Khandker Nurul 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Household travel surveys collect core datasets for modelling passenger travel demand. However, decline in survey completion rate is becoming a concern in recent years. One major cause is the transition from computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI) to computer-assisted web interviews (CAWI) surveys, where respondents need to self-complete the surveys without any active help from an interviewer. Among all components, the travel diaries are the most challenging part of CAWI travel surveys and suffer significant dropouts of participation. Therefore, an investigation is necessary to understand the implications of such participation dropouts in CAWI-based household travel surveys on travel survey data quality. This study reports two travel diary designs developed to ease response burdens in travel surveys. Empirical investigations are conducted to understand survey participation drop-off behaviour while filling out travel diaries. In proxy household travel surveys, diary designs with stable repetitions outperform sophisticated diary designs. In a survey deployed with supposedly advanced diary designs, respondents with higher travel demand are more likely to drop out. Estimated using a generalizable analysis framework proposed by this study, the travel demand reflected in the final dataset collected using the sophisticated travel diary design might be underestimated by 10.2%. This study also proposes strategies and recommendations for future travel surveys.
Molecular identification of Culicoides species and host preference blood meal in the African horse sickness outbreak-affected area in Hua Hin district, Prachuap Khiri Khan province, Thailand
Authors: Kamyingkird Ketsarin , Choocherd Suchada , Chimnoi Wissanuwat , Klinkeaw Nutsuda , Kengradonkij Chanya , Phoosangwalthong Pornkamol , Thammasonthijarern Nipa , Pattanatanang Khampee , Inpankeaw Tawin , Phasuk Jumnongjit , Nimsuphan Burin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
African horse sickness (AHS) was reported as an outbreak in Thailand in 2020. Hematophagous arthropods, known as Culicoides, are the suspected vector responsible for AHS transmission. Horses in Hua Hin district, Prachuab Khiri Khan province, Thailand, were affected and died from AHS in 2020. However, the potential Culicoides species and its host preference blood meal in the affected areas are unknown. To investigate the potential transmitted vectors of AHS, Culicoides were collected using light traps placed near horse stables. Six horse farms including five farms with AHS history and one farm without AHS history were included in this study. Morphological and molecular identification of Culicoides species was performed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting cytochrome b oxidase I (COXI) gene for confirmation of Culicoides species, identification of prepronociceptin (PNOC) gene for host preference blood meal, and bidirectional sequencing were conducted. Consequently, 1,008 female Culicoides were collected with 708 and 300 female Culicoides captured at positions A and B at a distance of < 2 and > 5 m from the horse, respectively. Fourteen Culicoides species identified by morphology were noted, including Culicoides oxystoma (71.92%), Culicoides imicola (20.44%), Culicoides actoni (2.28%), Culicoides flavipunctatus (1.98%), Culicoides asiana (0.99%), Culicoides peregrinus (0.60%), Culicoides huffi (0.60%), Culicoides brevitarsis (0.40%), Culicoides innoxius (0.30%), Culicoides histrio (0.30%), Culicoides minimus (0.10%), and Culicoides geminus (0.10%). PCR detection of the Culicoides COXI gene has confirmed Culicoides species in 24 of 26 DNA samples. PCR targeting PNOC gene revealed that the Culicoides collected in this study have consumed Equus caballus (86.25%), Canis lupus familiaris (6.25%), Sus scrofa (3.75%), and Homo sapiens (3.75%) for their blood meal. Human blood was identified from two samples of C. oxystoma and a sample of C. imicola. Three dominant species including C. oxystoma, C. actoni, and C. imicola were reported in the Hua Hin area to prefer consuming horse blood. Moreover, C. oxystoma, C. imicola, and C. bravatarsis have consumed canine blood. This study revealed the species of Culicoides, the potential vector that has possibly transmitted AHS in Hua Hin district, Thailand during the outbreak.