bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agrivoltaics in Color: Going From Light Spectra to Biomass
Authors: Katul Gabriel G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAgrivoltaics (AV), conceived in the early 1980s, promise to ameliorate competition between solar energy generation and crop production for arable land. The premise behind AV is that excess light not used in photosynthesis can be used for energy production. There are opportunities for maximizing photosynthesis by targeting particular wavelengths (e.g., red) to be transmitted through semi‐transparent photovoltaic (PV) cells depending on crop type and environmental conditions. Camporese and Abou Najm (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF002900) developed a numerical model that accommodates the various wavelengths of the incoming light spectrum to predict photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration. This commentary seeks to place those and other recent findings about the modifications to the plant micro‐environment by PV cells in the context of maximum attainable aboveground biomass.
The marriage of coherent Raman scattering imaging and advanced computational tools
Authors: Peterson Walker , Hiramatsu Kotaro , Goda Keisuke 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCoherent Raman scattering microscopy can provide high-contrast tissue and single-cell images based on the inherent molecular vibrations of the sample. However, conventional techniques face a three-way trade-off between Raman spectral bandwidth, imaging speed, and image fidelity. Although currently challenging to address via optical design, this trade-off can be overcome via emerging computational tools such as compressive sensing and machine learning.
Enabling direct microcalorimetric measurement of metabolic activity and exothermic reactions onto microfluidic platforms via heat flux sensor integration
Authors: Vehusheia Signe L. K. , Roman Cosmin , Braissant Olivier , Arnoldini Markus , Hierold Christofer 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAll biological processes use or produce heat. Traditional microcalorimeters have been utilized to study the metabolic heat output of living organisms and heat production of exothermic chemical processes. Current advances in microfabrication have made possible the miniaturization of commercial microcalorimeters, resulting in a few studies on the metabolic activity of cells at the microscale in microfluidic chips. Here we present a new, versatile, and robust microcalorimetric differential design based on the integration of heat flux sensors on top of microfluidic channels. We show the design, modeling, calibration, and experimental verification of this system by utilizing Escherichia coli growth and the exothermic base catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl paraben as use cases. The system consists of a Polydimethylsiloxane based flow-through microfluidic chip with two 46 µl chambers and two integrated heat flux sensors. The differential compensation of thermal power measurements allows for the measurement of bacterial growth with a limit of detection of 1707 W/m3, corresponding to 0.021OD (2 ∙ 107 bacteria/mL). We also extracted the thermal power of a single Escherichia coli of between 1.3 and 4.5 pW, comparable to values measured by industrial microcalorimeters. Our system opens the possibility for expanding already existing microfluidic systems, such as drug testing lab-on-chip platforms, with measurements of metabolic changes of cell populations in form of heat output, without modifying the analyte and minimal interference with the microfluidic channel itself.
Facial thermal response to non-painful stressor in premature and term neonates
Authors: Kretschmer Sophie C. A. , Paul Michael , Heussen Nicole , Leonhardt Steffen , Orlikowsky Thorsten , Heimann Konrad 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
This study is a preliminary clinical investigation with the objective to evaluate the facial thermal response of premature and term neonates to a non-painful stressor (hunger) using infrared thermography (IRT). The development of objective and reliable parameters to monitor pain and stress is of relevance for optimal neonatal outcome and achieving a better management of patient comfort.

Methods
We enrolled 12 neonates ranging from 27 to 39 weeks gestation (median: 34) and aged 3–79 days (median: 13). Recordings were performed before and after feeding, with and without hunger. Six regions of interest were chosen for evaluation (nose tip, periorbital and corrugator region, forehead, perioral and chin region).

Results
There was an increase in the facial temperature in infants immediately prior to their next feed relative to infants who were not hungry, with the nasal tip being the facial evaluation site with the greatest temperature change.

Conclusions
The IRT appears to be a feasible and suitable method to detect changes in the neonatal patient. The thermal variations observed seem to reflect an arousal mediated by the parasympathetic nervous system, which has been described in existing infant stress research.

Impact

This is the first study to examine the use of infrared thermography (IRT) in monitoring the facial thermal response to a mild stressor (hunger) in premature and term neonates.

Hunger as a mild, non-pain-associated stressor showed a significant effect on the facial temperature. The thermal signature of the regions of interest chosen showed hunger-related thermal variations.

Results suggest the feasibility and suitability of IRT as an objective diagnostic tool to approach stress and changes in the condition of the neonatal patient.
Targetable elements in SARS-CoV-2 S2 subunit for the design of pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitors and vaccines
Authors: Guo Liyan , Lin Sheng , Chen Zimin , Cao Yu , He Bin , Lu Guangwen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has caused devastating impacts on the public health and the global economy. Rapid viral antigenic evolution has led to the continual generation of new variants. Of special note is the recently expanding Omicron subvariants that are capable of immune evasion from most of the existing neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). This has posed new challenges for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, exploring broad-spectrum antiviral agents to combat the emerging variants is imperative. In sharp contrast to the massive accumulation of mutations within the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD), the S2 fusion subunit has remained highly conserved among variants. Hence, S2-based therapeutics may provide effective cross-protection against new SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we summarize the most recently developed broad-spectrum fusion inhibitors (e.g., nAbs, peptides, proteins, and small-molecule compounds) and candidate vaccines targeting the conserved elements in SARS-CoV-2 S2 subunit. The main focus includes all the targetable S2 elements, namely, the fusion peptide, stem helix, and heptad repeats 1 and 2 (HR1-HR2) bundle. Moreover, we provide a detailed summary of the characteristics and action-mechanisms for each class of cross-reactive fusion inhibitors, which should guide and promote future design of S2-based inhibitors and vaccines against new coronaviruses.
TLR7-MyD88-DC-CXCL16 axis results neutrophil activation to elicit inflammatory response in pustular psoriasis
Authors: Lu Jiajing , Zhong Xiaoyuan , Guo Chunyuan , Tang Li , Yu Ning , Peng Chen , Ding Yangfeng , Bao Xunxia , Zhou Jing , Shi Yuling 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPustular psoriasis (PP) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with multiple complications, often with hyperthermia and hypoproteinemia, and its continued progression can be life-threatening. Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) induces dendritic cell (DC) production of inflammatory factors that exacerbate the inflammatory response in PP. A membrane-bound chemokine expressed on DCs, CXC motif chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) is overexpressed in PP lesions, and neutrophils express its receptor CXC chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6). There are few studies on the PP immune microenvironment and it is unclear whether TLR7 and CXCL16 can be used as targets in PP therapy. Skin tissue (n = 5) and blood (n = 20) samples were collected from PP and healthy normal controls. The skin tissue transcriptome was analyzed to obtain the differentially expressed genes, and the immune microenvironment was deciphered using pathway enrichment. Tissue sequencing analysis indicated that TLR7, CXCL16, DCs, and neutrophils were involved in the PP process. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription–PCR, and scoring table results demonstrated that TLR7 induced DC secretion of CXCL16, which enabled neutrophil activation of the secretion of the inflammatory factors interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). The co-culture of neutrophils with DCs treated with TLR7 inhibitor or TLR7 agonist demonstrated that TLR7 regulated neutrophil activation, migration, and apoptosis. We constructed imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in wild-type, Cd11c-Cre Myd88f/f, and Mrp8-Cre Cxcr6f/f mice. The mouse models suggested that TLR7 might influence DC release of CXCL16 and neutrophil proinflammatory effects by interfering with the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) signaling pathway. In conclusion, the TLR7–MyD88–DC–CXCL16 axis is an important mechanism that promotes neutrophil migration to PP skin lesions and stimulates the inflammatory response.
Hsa_circ_0060467 promotes breast cancer liver metastasis by complexing with eIF4A3 and sponging miR-1205
Authors: Zeng Yan , Du Wei , Huang Zhongying , Wu Song , Ou Xueqi , Zhang Jinhui , Peng Cheng , Sun Xiaoqing , Tang Hailin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and the top cause of female mortality worldwide. The prognosis for patients with breast cancer liver metastasis (BCLM) remains poor. Emerging studies suggest that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are associated with the progression of BC. Exploration of circRNAs presents a promising avenue for identifying metastasis-targeting agents and improving the prognosis of patients with BCLM. Microarray and bioinformatic analyses were used to analyze differentially expressed circRNAs between three pairs of BCLM and primary BC. The roles of hsa_circ_0060467 (circMYBL2) and its target gene E2F1 in BC cells were explored by multiple functional experiments. And xenograft mouse models and hepatic metastases of BC hemi-spleen models were used to illustrate the function of circMYBL2 in vivo. The intrinsic molecular mechanism involving circMYBL2 was confirmed by bioinformatics analyses, RIP assays, CHIRP assays, luciferase reporter assays, and rescue experiments. CircMYBL2 was overexpressed in BCLM tissues and BC cells. Functionally, circMYBL2 can facilitate the proliferation and liver metastasis of BC. Mechanistically, circMYBL2 upregulated the transcription factor E2F1 by sponging miR-1205 and complexing with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A3 (eIF4A3) and then facilitated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in BC cells. Our findings showed that circMYBL2 promoted the tumorigenesis and aggressiveness of BC through the circMYBL2/miR-1205/E2F1 and circMYBL2/eIF4A3/E2F1 axes, which may provide a novel targeted therapy for patients with BCLM.
CTLA4 protects against maladaptive cytotoxicity during the differentiation of effector and follicular CD4+ T cells
Authors: Hao Yuwei , Miraghazadeh Bahar , Chand Rochna , Davies Ainsley R. , Cardinez Chelisa , Kwong Kristy , Downes Morgan B. , Sweet Rebecca A. , Cañete Pablo F. , D’Orsogna Lloyd J. , Fulcher David A. , Choo Sharon , Yip Desmond , Peters Geoffrey , Yip Sonia , Witney Matthew J. , Nekrasov Maxim , Feng Zhi-Ping , Tscharke David C. , Vinuesa Carola G. , Cook Matthew C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs chronic antigenic stimulation from infection and autoimmunity is a feature of primary antibody deficiency (PAD), analysis of affected patients could yield insights into T-cell differentiation and explain how environmental exposures modify clinical phenotypes conferred by single-gene defects. CD57 marks dysfunctional T cells that have differentiated after antigenic stimulation. Indeed, while circulating CD57+ CD4+ T cells are normally rare, we found that they are increased in patients with PAD and markedly increased with CTLA4 haploinsufficiency or blockade. We performed single-cell RNA-seq analysis of matched CD57+ CD4+ T cells from blood and tonsil samples. Circulating CD57+ CD4+ T cells (CD4cyt) exhibited a cytotoxic transcriptome similar to that of CD8+ effector cells, could kill B cells, and inhibited B-cell responses. CTLA4 restrained the formation of CD4cyt. While CD57 also marked an abundant subset of follicular helper T cells, which is consistent with their antigen-driven differentiation, this subset had a pre-exhaustion transcriptomic signature marked by TCF7, TOX, and ID3 expression and constitutive expression of CTLA4 and did not become cytotoxic even after CTLA4 inhibition. Thus, CD57+ CD4+ T-cell cytotoxicity and exhaustion phenotypes are compartmentalised between blood and germinal centers. CTLA4 is a key modifier of CD4+ T-cell cytotoxicity, and the pathological CD4cyt phenotype is accentuated by infection.
Is there any association between genetically predicted periodontitis and ischemic stroke?
Authors: Kumar Satish 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Design
Mendelian randomization study.

Case selection
Using a Mendelian randomization framework, the causal relationship between periodontitis [chronic periodontitis (CP) and aggressive periodontitis (AgP)] and ischemic stroke and its subtypes [cardioembolic (CE) stroke, large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), and small vessel occlusion (SVO)], were studied.

Data analysis
Data from three large databanks, namely, UK Biobank, genome-wide association study of European ancestry, and MEGASTROKE consortium of European ancestry were used to obtain genetic variant information of CP, AgP, and ischemic stroke, respectively. UK Biobank contributed 950 cases of CP and 455,398 controls. Genome-wide association study of European ancestry contributed 851 AgP cases and 6836 controls. MEGASTROKE consortium of European ancestry contributed 34,217 cases of ischemic stroke and its subtypes and 406,111 controls. Statistical tests including inverse variant weighted method and sensitivity analyses were performed to analyse the causal inference and to verify the strength of the results.

Results
A total of 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for CP was obtained as genetic instruments. No causal inference of CP on ischemic stroke was found. Among the ischemic stroke subtypes, with the exception of CE stroke, no significant causal inference of CP on LAA or SVO was found. A total of 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for AgP was obtained as genetic instruments. No causal inference of AgP on ischemic stroke and its subtypes were found.

Conclusions
Neither CP nor AgP was found to have a causal inference on ischemic stroke and most of its subtypes. A probable causal effect of CP on CE stroke was noted.
Memory-dictated dynamics of single-atom Pt on CeO2 for CO oxidation
Authors: Zhang Zihao , Tian Jinshu , Lu Yubing , Yang Shize , Jiang Dong , Huang Weixin , Li Yixiao , Hong Jiyun , Hoffman Adam S. , Bare Simon R. , Engelhard Mark H. , Datye Abhaya K. , Wang Yong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSingle atoms of platinum group metals on CeO2represent a potential approach to lower precious metal requirements for automobile exhaust treatment catalysts. Here we show the dynamic evolution of two types of single-atom Pt (Pt1) on CeO2, i.e., adsorbed Pt1in Pt/CeO2and square planar Pt1in PtATCeO2, fabricated at 500 °C and by atom-trapping method at 800 °C, respectively. Adsorbed Pt1in Pt/CeO2is mobile with the in situ formation of few-atom Pt clusters during CO oxidation, contributing to high reactivity with near-zero reaction order in CO. In contrast, square planar Pt1in PtATCeO2is strongly anchored to the support during CO oxidation leading to relatively low reactivity with a positive reaction order in CO. Reduction of both Pt/CeO2and PtATCeO2in CO transforms Pt1to Pt nanoparticles. However, both catalysts retain the memory of their initial Pt1state after reoxidative treatments, which illustrates the importance of the initial single-atom structure in practical applications.
The PECAn image and statistical analysis pipeline identifies Minute cell competition genes and features
Authors: Baumgartner Michael E. , Langton Paul F. , Logeay Remi , Mastrogiannopoulos Alex , Nilsson-Takeuchi Anna , Kucinski Iwo , Lavalou Jules , Piddini Eugenia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInvestigating organ biology often requires methodologies to induce genetically distinct clones within a living tissue. However, the 3D nature of clones makes sample image analysis challenging and slow, limiting the amount of information that can be extracted manually. Here we develop PECAn, a pipeline for image processing and statistical data analysis of complex multi-genotype 3D images. PECAn includes data handling, machine-learning-enabled segmentation, multivariant statistical analysis, and graph generation. This enables researchers to perform rigorous analyses rapidly and at scale, without requiring programming skills. We demonstrate the power of this pipeline by applying it to the study of Minute cell competition. We find an unappreciated sexual dimorphism in Minute cell growth in competing wing discs and identify, by statistical regression analysis, tissue parameters that model and correlate with competitive death. Furthermore, using PECAn, we identify several genes with a role in cell competition by conducting an RNAi-based screen.
Origin of dendrite-free lithium deposition in concentrated electrolytes
Authors: Chen Yawei , Li Menghao , Liu Yue , Jie Yulin , Li Wanxia , Huang Fanyang , Li Xinpeng , He Zixu , Ren Xiaodi , Chen Yunhua , Meng Xianhui , Cheng Tao , Gu Meng , Jiao Shuhong , Cao Ruiguo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe electrolyte solvation structure and the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation are critical to dictate the morphology of lithium deposition in organic electrolytes. However, the link between the electrolyte solvation structure and SEI composition and its implications on lithium morphology evolution are poorly understood. Herein, we use a single-salt and single-solvent model electrolyte system to systematically study the correlation between the electrolyte solvation structure, SEI formation process and lithium deposition morphology. The mechanism of lithium deposition is thoroughly investigated using cryo-electron microscopy characterizations and computational simulations. It is observed that, in the high concentration electrolytes, concentrated Li+ and anion-dominated solvation structure initiate the uniform Li nucleation kinetically and favor the decomposition of anions rather than solvents, resulting in inorganic-rich amorphous SEI with high interface energy, which thermodynamically facilitates the formation of granular Li. On the contrary, solvent-dominated solvation structure in the low concentration electrolytes tends to exacerbate the solvolysis process, forming organic-rich mosaic SEI with low interface energy, which leads to aggregated whisker-like nucleation and growth. These results are helpful to tackle the long-standing question on the origin of lithium dendrite formation and guide the rational design of high-performance electrolytes for advanced lithium metal batteries.
High-resolution discrimination of homologous and isomeric proteinogenic amino acids in nanopore sensors with ultrashort single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Peng Weichao , Yan Shuaihu , Zhou Ke , Wu Hai-Chen , Liu Lei , Zhao Yuliang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe hollow and tubular structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) makes them ideal candidates for making nanopores. However, the heterogeneity of SWCNTs hinders the fabrication of robust and reproducible carbon-based nanopore sensors. Here we develop a modified density gradient ultracentrifugation approach to separate ultrashort (≈5-10 nm) SWCNTs with a narrow conductance range and construct high-resolution nanopore sensors with those tubes inserted in lipid bilayers. By conducting ionic current recordings and fluorescent imaging of Ca2+ flux through different nanopores, we prove that the ion mobilities in SWCNT nanopores are 3-5 times higher than the bulk mobility. Furthermore, we employ SWCNT nanopores to discriminate homologue or isomeric proteinogenic amino acids, which are challenging tasks for other nanopore sensors. These successes, coupled with the building of SWCNT nanopore arrays, may constitute a crucial part of the recently burgeoning protein sequencing technologies.
Reversion of breast epithelial polarity alterations caused by obesity
Authors: Holmes Julia , Gaber Mohamed , Jenks Mónica Z. , Wilson Adam , Loy Tucker , Lepetit Cassandra , Vitolins Mara Z. , Herbert Brittney-Shea , Cook Katherine L. , Vidi Pierre-Alexandre 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMolecular links between breast cancer risk factors and pro-oncogenic tissue alterations are poorly understood. The goal of this study was to characterize the impact of overweight and obesity on tissue markers of risk, using normal breast biopsies, a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, and cultured breast acini. Proliferation and alteration of epithelial polarity, both necessary for tumor initiation, were quantified by immunostaining. High BMI (>30) and elevated leptin were associated with compromised epithelial polarity whereas overweight was associated with a modest increase in proliferation in human and mice mammary glands. Human serum with unfavorable adipokine levels altered epithelial polarization of cultured acini, recapitulating the effect of leptin. Weight loss in mice led to metabolic improvements and restored epithelial polarity. In acini cultures, alteration of epithelial polarity was prevented by antioxidants and could be reverted by normalizing culture conditions. This study shows that obesity and/or dietary factors modulate tissue markers of risk. It provides a framework to set target values for metabolic improvements and to assess the efficacy of interventional studies aimed at reducing breast cancer risk.