bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A human antibody epitope map of the malaria vaccine antigen Pfs25
Authors: Shukla Niharika , Tang Wai Kwan , Coelho Camila H. , Long Carole A. , Healy Sara A. , Sagara Issaka , Miura Kazutoyo , Duffy Patrick E. , Tolia Niraj H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPfs25 is a leading antigen for a malaria transmission-blocking vaccine and shows moderate transmission-blocking activity and induction of rapidly decreasing antibody titers in clinical trials. A comprehensive definition of all transmission-reducing epitopes of Pfs25 will inform structure-guided design to enhance Pfs25-based vaccines, leading to potent transmission-blocking activity. Here, we compiled a detailed human antibody epitope map comprising epitope binning data and structures of multiple human monoclonal antibodies, including three new crystal structures of Pfs25 in complex with transmission-reducing antibodies from Malian volunteers immunized with Pfs25 conjugated to EPA and adjuvanted with AS01. These structures revealed additional epitopes in Pfs25 capable of reducing transmission and expanded this characterization to malaria-exposed humans. This work informs immunogen design to focus the antibody response to transmission-reducing epitopes of Pfs25, enabling development of more potent transmission-blocking vaccines for malaria.
Comparison between multimodal and intraoperative opioid free anesthesia for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a prospective, randomized study
Authors: Mieszczański Piotr , Górniewski Grzegorz , Ziemiański Paweł , Cylke Radosław , Lisik Wojciech , Trzebicki Janusz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAnesthesia for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and perioperative management remains a challenge. Several clinical studies indicate that opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) may be beneficial, but there is no consensus on the most optimal anesthesia technique in clinical practice. The aim of our study was to assess the potential benefits and risks of intraoperative OFA compared to multimodal analgesia (MMA) with remifentanil infusion. In a prospective, randomized study, we analyzed 59 patients’ data. Primary outcome measures were oxycodone consumption and reported pain scores (numerical rating scale, NRS) at 1, 6, 12, and 24th hours after surgery. Postoperative sedation on the Ramsay scale, nausea and vomiting on the PONV impact scale, desaturation episodes, pruritus, hemodynamic parameters, and hospital stay duration were also documented and compared. There were no significant differences in NRS scores or total 24-h oxycodone requirements. In the first postoperative hour, OFA group patients needed an average of 4.6 mg of oxycodone while the MMA group 7.72 mg (p = 0.008, p < 0.05 statistically significant). The PONV impact scale was significantly lower in the OFA group only in the first hour after the operation (p = 0.006). Patients in the OFA group required higher doses of ephedrine 23.67 versus 15.69 mg (p = 0.039) and more intravenous fluids 1160 versus 925.86 ml (p = 0.007). The mode of anesthesia did not affect the pain scores or the total dose of oxycodone in the first 24 postoperative hours. Only in the first postoperative hour were an opioid-sparing effect and reduction of PONV incidence seen in the OFA group when compared with remifentanil-based anesthesia. However, patients in the OFA group showed significantly greater hemodynamic lability necessitating higher vasopressor doses and more fluid volume.
Anomalous cyclic in the neutrino oscillations
Authors: Aydiner E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNeutrino physics is one of the most important topics in particle physics and cosmology. As it is known, neutrinos are weakly interacting fundamental particles with chargeless and very small masses. One of the most characteristic features of the neutrino that make a difference from other elementary particles is that it oscillates between the mass and flavour eigenstates. Due to these oscillations, neutrinos change from one flavour to another. So far in theory the possible effects of deformed space-time effects on oscillation have not been considered. In this study, we show for the first time that a deformed space-time metric will lead to fractional dynamics between mass and flavour changes and therefore cause a phase shift in the oscillation period. We also shortly discuss the possible relation between anomalous cyclic and relic neutrinos. The modification in the oscillation probabilities due to the studied effect in this work could be seen using relic neutrinos.
Ribo-On and Ribo-Off tools using a self-cleaving ribozyme allow manipulation of endogenous gene expression in C. elegans
Authors: Fang Jie , Wang Jie , Wang Yuzhi , Liu Xiaofan , Chen Baohui , Zou Wei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInvestigating gene function relies on the efficient manipulation of endogenous gene expression. Currently, a limited number of tools are available to robustly manipulate endogenous gene expression between “on” and “off” states. In this study, we insert a 63 bp coding sequence of T3H38 ribozyme into the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) ofC. elegansendogenous genes using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, which reduces the endogenous gene expression to a nearly undetectable level and generated loss-of-function phenotypes similar to that of the genetic null animals. To achieve conditional knockout, a cassette ofloxP-flanked transcriptional termination signal and ribozyme is inserted into the 3’ UTR of endogenous genes, which eliminates gene expression spatially or temporally via the controllable expression of the Cre recombinase. Conditional endogenous gene turn-on can be achieved by either injecting morpholino, which blocks the ribozyme self-cleavage activity or using the Cre recombinase to remove theloxP-flanked ribozyme. Together, our results demonstrate that these ribozyme-based tools can efficiently manipulate endogenous gene expression both in space and time and expand the toolkit for studying the functions of endogenous genes.
Stability of the interorbital-hopping mechanism for ferromagnetism in multi-orbital Hubbard models
Authors: Lin Ling-Fang , Zhang Yang , Alvarez Gonzalo , McGuire Michael A. , May Andrew F. , Moreo Adriana , Dagotto Elbio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe emergence of insulating ferromagnetic phase in iron oxychalcogenide chain system has been recently argued to be originated by interorbital hopping mechanism. However, the practical conditions for the stability of such mechanism still prevents the observation of ferromagnetic in many materials. Here, we study the stability range of such ferromagnetic phase under modifications in the crystal fields and electronic correlation strength, constructing a theoretical phase diagram. We find a rich emergence of phases, including a ferromagnetic Mott insulator, a ferromagnetic orbital-selective Mott phase, together with antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic metallic states. We characterize the stability of the ferromagnetic regime in both the Mott insulator and the ferromagnetic orbital-selective Mott phase forms. We identify a large stability range in the phase diagram at both intermediate and strong electronic correlations, demonstrating the capability of the interorbital hopping mechanism in stabilizing ferromagnetic insulators. Our results may enable additional design strategies to expand the relatively small family of known ferromagnetic insulators.
Time gated Fourier transform spectroscopy as a technique for disentangling short- and long-lived luminescence
Authors: Liisberg Mikkel Baldtzer , Vosch Tom 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOverlapping short- and long-lived luminescence signals are often encountered and are not trivial to disentangle in a single measurement. Here, we demonstrate for a broad range of emitters that time gated Fourier transform spectroscopy can be used as a technique to simultaneously capture and temporally disentangle overlapping spectral features of luminescence signals. This allows us to concurrently measure the fluorescence and phosphorescence bands of an organic fluorophore, retrieve the emission of a quantum dot that is overshadowed by an autofluorescent serum solution, and for removing residual laser scatter and ambient room light in an optical filter free configuration. Time gated Fourier transform spectroscopy only requires the introduction of a common-path interferometer to the emission path of a standard time-correlated single photon counting setup; it can function as a technique to both discriminate signals as well as characterize properties of new materials.
Screening for Falls: A Prospective Pilot Study for the Audiology Clinic
Authors: Criter Robin E. , Augustyniak Erin 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to determine if clinical measures that audiologists may already be using or are able to collect on a routine basis are useful in screening for future falls.

Method:
This prospective cohort study protocol included 20 community-dwelling participants aged 60 years or older who completed case history questions, pure-tone and speech audiometry, common questionnaires, the Timed Up and Go test, and a prospective 6-month falls diary to determine which measures were correlated with the number of prospective 6-month falls.

Results:
Five participants (25%) fell in the 6 months after the research session. Significant correlations were noted between prospective falls and age, home safety modifications, engagement in fall prevention activities, and history of falls in the last 12 months.

Conclusion:
Straightforward case history questions that could be part of a routine audiologic evaluation, such as fall history in the previous year, are significantly correlated with prospective number of falls in 6 months. These questions could help to identify audiology patients who may benefit from further fall risk assessment.
Outlier detection based energy efficient and reliable routing protocol using deep learning algorithm
Authors: Jasmine Lizy P. , Chenthalir Indra N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWireless sensor network have also played a vital role in the observation and management of agricultural land in terms of climate, water usage, crops, etc. Due to the open communication system and low battery power of sensors, the agricultural sector still faces issues with energy consumption, information forwarding, and privacy. Thus, an energy‐efficient routing during transmission in WSN‐based smart agriculture is suggested in this study applying a feed‐forward neural network to detect outliers. Outlier identification, CH‐selection, and Relay Node (RN) selection are the three phases of this suggested method. Outlier detection is performed in the deployed nodes for categorises attack nodes from the normal nodes. CH‐selection is performed using a chaotic moth‐flame optimization technique according to distance, node degree, centrality factor and residual energy level, these parameters determine which node will become a Cluster Head. Then reliable routing protocol is designed using NB‐based probability method for RN selection. MATLAB software is used to test the proposed Outlier Detection based Energy Efficient and Reliable Routing Protocol and verify its performance. The effectiveness of the proposed‐model is tested with some prior wireless sensor network routing protocols environment‐fusion multipath routing protocol, dynamic Multi‐hop Energy Efficient Routing Protocol, SEMantic CLustering, and Reliable and energy efficient routing protocol. Outlier Detection based Energy Efficient and Reliable Routing Protocol algorithm attained a 0.91 (%)Packet Delivery ratio, 0.08% of packet loss, 0.91% of Average residual energy, 2.8 (Mbps) throughput, and 26 (sec) Delay.
MIDW‐Net: A multi‐tasking network architecture for radar intra‐pulse parameter description
Authors: Chen Tao , Lei Yu , Guo Limin , Yang Boyi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe automatic modulation recognition (AMR) of radar signals has become a popular research topic in recent years. However, most algorithms focus on the type of signal modulation and lack further understanding of the signal. To address this gap, a network architecture for multi‐tasking intra‐pulse description words (MIDW‐Net) is proposed herein. In this framework, the denoising algorithm employs a convolutional denoising autoencoder, which is an effective method for suppressing noise interference and preserving signal information. The multiscale feature‐extraction capability of a feature pyramid network (FPN) is utilized to expand the perceptual domain without losing the high‐frequency features of the image. Finally, AMR and modulation parameter estimation are accomplished via multitask learning. Experiments performed on simulated radar signals using four intra‐pulse descriptors verified the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
FPIseg: Iterative segmentation network based on feature pyramid for few‐shot segmentation
Authors: Wang Ronggui , Yang Cong , Yang Juan , Xue Lixia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFew‐shot segmentation (FSS) enables rapid adaptation to the segmentation task of unseen‐classes object based on a few labelled support samples. Currently, the focal point of research in the FSS field is to align features between support and query images, aiming to improve the segmentation performance. However, most existing FSS methods implement such support/query alignment by solely leveraging middle‐level feature for generalization, ignoring the category semantic information contained in high‐level feature, while pooling operation inevitably lose spatial information of the feature. To alleviate these issues, the authors propose the Iterative Segmentation Network Based on Feature Pyramid (FPIseg), which mainly consists of three modules: Feature Pyramid Fusion Module (FPFM), Region Feature Enhancement Module (RFEM), and Iterative Optimization Segmentation Module (IOSM). Firstly, FPFM fully utilizes the foreground information from the support image to implement support/query alignment under multi‐scale, multi‐level semantic backgrounds. Secondly, RFEM enhances the foreground detail information of aligned feature to improve generalization ability. Finally, ISOM iteratively segments the query image to optimize the prediction result and improve segmentation performance. Extensive experiments on the PASCAL‐5i and COCO‐20i datasets show that FPIseg achieves considerable segmentation performance under both 1‐shot and 5‐shot settings.
Digitale Erfassung der Krankheitsaktivität –
Einblicke in ein Versorgungsforschungsprojekt.
Authors: Richter Jutta G. , Polyzou Maria , Kiltz Uta 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungEine digitale Erfassung der Krankheitsaktivität mittels sogenannter
Gesundheits-Apps ist in der Rheumatologie valide möglich. Die
routinemäßige Verwendung von electronic
patient-reportedoutcomes(ePRO) vor bzw. während einer
Präsenzvisite ist hinsichtlich Datenäquivalenz gut untersucht.
Vorgestellt wird ein Versorgungsforschungsprojekt, das zeigte, dass ein
regelmäßiger ePRO Export bei axSpA Patienten mit hoher
Krankheitsaktivität angewendet werden kann und dass kein signifikanter
Unterschied zwischen digitalen und papierbasierten Scores bestand– die
Patientenselektion muss jedoch noch besser spezifiziert werden. Neben den
Vorteilen einer Gesundheits-App zur Überwachung und Therapiesteuerung
sind in der Nutzung von Gesundheits-Apps Hürden insbesondere im Bereich
der Patientenselektion, der Verfügbarkeit einer Gesundheits-App und
mögliche negative Einflüsse durch eine ggf. niedrige
Gesundheitskompetenz zu beachten. Gesundheits-Apps weisen eine Vielzahl an
vielversprechenden Funktionen und Effekten auf, die im Sinne des DiGA
Verzeichnisses noch nicht alle hinsichtlich der langfristigen Wirksamkeit und
des Einflusses auf die Versorgungsrealität untersucht sind.
Synthesis of Novel Phosphorus-Substituted Stable Isoindoles by a Three-Component Coupling Reaction of ortho-Phthalaldehyde, 9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-Oxide, and Primary Amines
Authors: Sano Shigeki , Nakao Michiyasu , Nakamura Akihito , Takesue Tomoyuki , Kitaike Syuji , Ito Hiro-O 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA three-component coupling reaction of ortho-phthalaldehyde, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide, and various primary amines readily afforded novel phosphorus-substituted stable isoindoles in good to excellent yields. The importance of the reversible ring-opening of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide by methanolysis in the three-component coupling reaction became apparent.
Esthesioneuroblastoma: Management of the N0 neck
Authors: Youssef Stephanie J. , Farrell Nyssa Fox 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEsthesioneuroblastoma is a rare sinonasal malignancy that arises from the olfactory epithelium. The overall incidence of lymph node metastases is 25%. However, neck disease can present in a delayed fashion. As such, management of the clinically negative neck is controversial, with some advocating for elective neck treatment and others recommending observation with salvage treatment if necessary. At this time, no prospective head-to-head comparisons of elective versus salvage treatment have been performed.
Language attitudes in fast-growing societies: new insights in the dynamism dimension
Authors: Alhazmi Laila Mobarak 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper explores broad language attitudes in Saudi Arabia. Using a verbal guise technique in an online questionnaire, the study investigates 568 Saudi participants’ attitudes toward four main dialects in the country. The results revealed a three-dimensional model that includes a two-type dynamism dimension and a solidarity dimension. The model adds to the previous discussion on language attitudes research, particularly to the topic of the dynamism dimension. The dimensional model contributes to language attitudes theory by challenging the dominance and significance of the dynamism dimension instead of the status dimension in rapidly urbanised countries such as Saudi Arabia. The findings also indicate that attitudes are affected by the social factors of dialect, gender, place of birth, and level of education. Three patterns emerged from social background effects: in-group loyalty, female participants’ willingness and acceptance towards dialect variations in Saudi Arabia and the impact of education in fostering less biased attitudes. The paper discusses the implications for Saudi Arabia’s educational system, proposing the inclusion of an educational programme in schools to enhance understanding of the value of linguistic and cultural diversity. Additionally, it highlights the role of media in reducing prejudice towards specific dialects.
Design and analysis of longitudinal–flexural hybrid transducer for ultrasonic peen forming
Authors: Li Wuqin , Zhu Yongyong , Lu Xiaolong , Li Huafeng , Wei Ying , Shang Pengwei , Feng Bo 
Published: August 2023

Ultrasonic peen forming (UPF) is an emerging technology that exhibits great superiority in both its flexible operating modes and the deep residual stress that it produces compared with conventional plastic forming methods. Although ultrasonic transducers with longitudinal vibration have been widely studied, they have seldom been incorporated into UPF devices for machining in confined spaces. To meet the requirements of this type of machining, a sandwich-type piezoelectric transducer with coupled longitudinal–flexural vibrational modes is proposed. The basic structure of the transducer is designed to obtain large vibrational amplitudes in both modes. Experimental results obtained with a prototype device demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed transducer. The measured vibrational amplitude for the working face in the longitudinal vibrational mode is 1.0 μm, and electrical matching increases this amplitude by 40%. The flexural vibration characteristics of the same prototype transducer are also tested and are found to be slightly smaller than those of longitudinal mode. The resultant working strokes of the UPF impact pins reach 1.7 mm and 1.2 mm in the longitudinal and flexural modes, respectively. The forming capability of the prototype has been evaluated via 15-min machining on standard 2024-T351 aluminum plates. After UPF, an improved surface morphology with lower surface roughness is obtained. The aluminum plate test piece has an apparent upper deformation with an arc height of 0.64 mm. The measured peak value of the compressive residual stress is around 250 MPa, appearing at a depth of 100 μm. The proposed longitudinal–flexural hybrid transducer thus provides a high-performance tool for plate peen forming in confined spaces.
A machine learning based prediction of elasto-plastic response of a short fiber reinforced polymer (SFRP) composite
Authors: Kumar Maharana Subrat , Soni Ganesh , Mitra Mira 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Several homogenization techniques are available in the literature to compute the mechanical response of the short fiber-reinforced polymer (SFRP) composites. However, in some cases, the complex modeling of the SFRP makes it computationally expensive. In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) is developed to predict the elasto-plastic response of an SFRP. The datasets for training the ANN model are obtained from Mori-Tanaka mean-field homogenization using the commercial software Digimat. The elasto-plastic response predicted by the ANN model is compared with the experimental results and with different homogenization schemes reported in the literature. Additionally, the effect of significant parameters on the response of the SFRP is extensively studied using the ANN model.
Robust and provably monotonic networks
Authors: Kitouni Ouail , Nolte Niklas , Williams Mike 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Lipschitz constant of the map between the input and output space represented by a neural network is a natural metric for assessing the robustness of the model. We present a new method to constrain the Lipschitz constant of dense deep learning models that can also be generalized to other architectures. The method relies on a simple weight normalization scheme during training that ensures the Lipschitz constant of every layer is below an upper limit specified by the analyst. A simple monotonic residual connection can then be used to make the model monotonic in any subset of its inputs, which is useful in scenarios where domain knowledge dictates such dependence. Examples can be found in algorithmic fairness requirements or, as presented here, in the classification of the decays of subatomic particles produced at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Our normalization is minimally constraining and allows the underlying architecture to maintain higher expressiveness compared to other techniques which aim to either control the Lipschitz constant of the model or ensure its monotonicity. We show how the algorithm was used to train a powerful, robust, and interpretable discriminator for heavy-flavor-quark decays, which has been adopted for use as the primary data-selection algorithm in the LHCb real-time data-processing system in the current LHC data-taking period known as Run 3. In addition, our algorithm has also achieved state-of-the-art performance on benchmarks in medicine, finance, and other applications.