bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice develop neurodegeneration, age-dependent astrogliosis and obesity-induced changes in microglia immunophenotype which are partly reversed by complement component 5 neutralizing antibody
Authors: Seidel Florine , Fluiter Kees , Kleemann Robert , Worms Nicole , van Nieuwkoop Anita , Caspers Martien P. M. , Grigoriadis Nikolaos , Kiliaan Amanda J. , Baas Frank , Michailidou Iliana , Morrison Martine C. 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionObesity has been linked to vascular dysfunction, cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. However, experimental models that recapitulate brain pathology in relation to obesity and vascular dysfunction are still lacking.MethodsIn this study we performed the histological and histochemical characterization of brains from Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice, an established model for obesity and associated vascular disease. First, HFD-fed 18 week-old and 50 week-old Ldlr-/-.Leiden male mice were compared with age-matched C57BL/6J mice. We then assessed the effect of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on brain pathology in Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice and tested whether a treatment with an anti-complement component 5 antibody, a terminal complement pathway inhibitor recently shown to reduce vascular disease, can attenuate neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Histological analyses were complemented with Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) analyses of the hippocampus to unravel molecular pathways underlying brain histopathology.ResultsWe show that chow-fed Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice have more severe neurodegeneration and show an age-dependent astrogliosis that is not observed in age-matched C57BL/6J controls. This was substantiated by pathway enrichment analysis using the NGS data which showed that oxidative phosphorylation, EIF2 signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction pathways, all associated with neurodegeneration, were significantly altered in the hippocampus of Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice compared with C57BL/6J controls. Obesity-inducing HFD-feeding did not aggravate neurodegeneration and astrogliosis in Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice. However, brains from HFD-fed Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice showed reduced IBA-1 immunoreactivity and increased CD68 immunoreactivity compared with chow-fed Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice, indicating alteration of microglial immunophenotype by HFD feeding. The systemic administration of an anti-C5 treatment partially restored the HFD effect on microglial immunophenotype. In addition, NGS data of hippocampi from Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice showed that HFD feeding affected multiple molecular pathways relative to chow-fed controls: HFD notably inactivated synaptogenesis and activated neuroinflammation pathways. The anti-C5 treatment restored the HFD-induced effect on molecular pathways to a large extent.ConclusionThis study shows that the Ldlr-/-.Leiden mouse model is suitable to study brain histopathology and associated biological processes in a context of obesity and provides evidence of the potential therapeutic value of anti-complement therapy against obesity-induced neuroinflammation.
Discovering the neuronal dynamics in major depressive disorder using Hidden Markov Model
Authors: Jiang Wenhao , Ding Shihang , Xu Cong , Ke Huihuang , Bo Hongjian , Zhao Tiejun , Ma Lin , Li Haifeng 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionMajor Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of worldwide disability, and standard clinical treatments have limitations due to the absence of neurological evidence. Electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring is an effective method for recording neural activities and can provide electroneurophysiological evidence of MDD.MethodsIn this work, we proposed a probabilistic graphical model for neural dynamics decoding on MDD patients and healthy controls (HC), utilizing the Hidden Markov Model with Multivariate Autoregressive observation (HMM-MAR). We testified the model on the MODMA dataset, which contains resting-state and task-state EEG data from 53 participants, including 24 individuals with MDD and 29 HC.ResultsThe experimental results suggest that the state time courses generated by the proposed model could regress the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score of the participants and reveal differences between the MDD and HC groups. Meanwhile, the Markov property was observed in the neuronal dynamics of participants presented with sad face stimuli. Coherence analysis and power spectrum estimation demonstrate consistent results with the previous studies on MDD.DiscussionIn conclusion, the proposed HMM-MAR model has revealed its potential capability to capture the neuronal dynamics from EEG signals and interpret brain disease pathogenesis from the perspective of state transition. Compared with the previous machine-learning or deep-learning-based studies, which regarded the decoding model as a black box, this work has its superiority in the spatiotemporal pattern interpretability by utilizing the Hidden Markov Model.
Association between appendicular lean mass and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: epidemiological cross-sectional study and bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Fu Chengjie , Yang Hongchang 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundThe association of BMI with COPD, and sarcopenia in COPD have been both confirmed by several studies, but research on the relationship and causality of body lean mass and the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains to be discovered. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between lean mass and COPD risk as well as to further examine the causal relationship in the findings.MethodsThree thousand four hundred fifty-nine participants from NHANES 2013–2018 were included in the epidemiological cross-sectional study to assess the association between relative lean mass and COPD by restricted spline analysis (RCS) and weighted multiple logistic regression. Furthermore, to verify the causality between lean mass and COPD, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) with inverse variance weighting (IVW) method was used to analyze GWAS data from European ancestry. Genetic data from the United Kindom Biobank for appendicular lean mass (450,243 cases) and lung function (FEV1/FVC) (400,102 cases) together with the FinnGen platform for COPD (6,915 cases and 186,723 controls) were used for MR.ResultsWeighted multiple logistic regression showed a significant correlation between relative appendicular lean mass and COPD after adjusting for confounders (OR = 0.985, 95% CI: 0.975–0.995). Compared to the lower mass (155.3–254.7) g/kg, the high mass (317.0–408.5) g/kg of appendicular lean apparently decreases the risk of COPD (OR = 0.214, 95% CI: 0.060–0.767). Besides, in the analysis of MR, there was a forward causality between appendicular lean mass and COPD (IVW: OR = 0.803; 95%CI: 0.680–0.949; p = 0.01), with a weak trend of causality to lung function.ConclusionOur study not only found an inverse association between appendicular lean mass and COPD but also supported a unidirectional causality. This provided possible evidence for further identification of people at risk for COPD and prevention of COPD based on limb muscle exercise and nutritional supplementation to maintain skeletal muscle mass.
Non-invasive brain stimulation for patient with autism: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Annan , Gong Chao , Wang Bobo , Sun Jiaxing , Jiang Zhimei 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveTo comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in randomized controlled trials (RCT), providing a reference for future research on the same topic.MethodsFive databases were searched (Pubmed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library) and tracked relevant references, Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsTwenty-two references (829 participants) were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that NIBS had positive effects on repetitive and stereotypical behaviors, cognitive function, and executive function in autistic patients. Most of the included studies had a moderate to high risk of bias, Mainly because of the lack of blinding of subjects and assessors to treatment assignment, as well as the lack of continuous observation of treatment effects.ConclusionAvailable evidence supports an improvement in some aspects of NIBS in patients with ASD. However, due to the quality of the original studies and significant publication bias, this evidence must be treated with caution. Further large multicenter randomized double-blind controlled trials and appropriate follow-up observations are needed to further evaluate the specific efficacy of NIBS in patients with ASD.
Personalized training as a promoter for physical activity in people with depressive disorder—a randomized controlled trial in Germany
Authors: Keller-Varady Katriona , Haufe Sven , Schieffer Elisabeth , Kerling Arno , Tegtbur Uwe , Kahl Kai G. 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionAdopting an active lifestyle is an important goal, but can be difficult to achieve for people with depressive disorders. Current guidelines recommend the integration of physical activity in the multimodal treatment of depressive disorders. However, the possibilities to provide individual support for physical activities are frequently limited. The aim of our study was to examine how physical activity can be increased in a real-world setting by combining physical training and psychological interventions.Materials and methodsIn this randomized-controlled interventional study, 31 outpatients diagnosed with moderate to severe depression were recruited from the region of Hannover. The intervention group (n = 16) was offered six weekly individual sessions lasting between 60 and 90  min with a sports scientist, including Motivational Interviewing and accompanied exercise activities. The control group (n = 15) received a written booklet with information on steps toward becoming more active. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) as the primary outcome was analyzed using activity sensors before and after the 6-week intervention, and 3  months subsequently. Secondary outcomes included the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Sit-to-Stand test (STS), and mental health assessed with self-rating questionnaires.ResultsIn the intervention group, MVPA increased significantly between baseline and the first follow-up and remained at an increased level at the second follow-up in comparison to decreased levels in the control group (difference of 15.5  min/day between groups over time, SE = 6.2  min/day, 95%-CI[2.7, 28.3], p = 0.020). The increased activity level was associated with markers of increased fitness (6MWT and STS) in the intervention group. Both groups showed comparable improvements in depressive symptoms, while the number of patients receiving antidepressants increased in the control group and decreased in the intervention group. Two patients dropped out of the intervention group during the trial.ConclusionThe intervention proved to be a feasible and effective aid to promote a physically active lifestyle for patients diagnosed with depression. Furthermore, the higher level of physical activity was maintained for the follow-up period. Given the success of the approach evaluated in this project, individual support for physical activity should be investigated in larger sample sizes and potentially be considered in the multimodal treatment of depression.Clinical trial registration[https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [DRKS00023257].
An evaluation of the application of the circular production model in agriculture: case study of Nyanza district, Rwanda
Authors: Sangwa Sixbert , Keza Larissa Diane , Uwumuremyi Delphine , Nijman-Ross Elke 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionThis research explored the status of the application of circular economy (CE) principles in the agricultural sector in the Nyanza district of Rwanda.MethodsA multi-methodological approach was used to collect mixed data from farmers and key stakeholders operating in two selected sectors of Muyira and Busasamana to evaluate the solid waste management value chain, assess the adoption of ecological latrines and explore farmers' perception on human waste fertilizers as a CE principle. Quantitative data was collected through interviews with a sample of 1244 farmers randomly selected from Busasamana (n = 598) and Muyira (n = 646). The data were interpreted according to the research questions and analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics.FindingsThe results indicated that waste management is still at a rudimentary stage in the localities studied, with a waste sorting rate of 2.2% and 1.1% but with a willingness of 96.9% in Busasamana and 99.5% in Muyira sector to sort waste from organic to non-organic at source. The majority of participants, represented by 80.3% of the surveyed farming households in Busasamana and 97.5% of their counterparts in Muyira generate between 1-2 sacks of household waste per week. Food-related waste was the most predominant in Busasamana households, accounting for 99.5% while Muyira farmer households generate both food and yard wastes in proportions of 58% and 41.6% respectively. It's worth knowing that waste is dumped in the domestic rubbish pits in the two sectors, with 88% and 77.9% in Busasamana and Muyira sectors. Furthermore, the research revealed the absence of a waste collection and transport provider and a landfill in the Muyira sector, while waste collection facilities are available in Busasamana. Low adoption rates of eco-friendly latrines were observed, as farmers trick to the use of traditional pit latrines at 98.2% of the households in Busasamana and 100% in Muyira sector. Muyira being far ahead of its Busasamana counterparts in toilet dislodging (67% vs. 33%).Conclusion and recommendationsGreater involvement of all actors in the system to ensure the success of the application of CE practices and initiatives was recommended as well as awareness raising and capacity building on the use of ecological latrines.
Feeding Strategies in Newborns and Infants During the COVID-19 Pandemic—Polish Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wesołowska Aleksandra , Walczak Bartłomiej , Kalita-Kurzyńska Kinga , Mołas Aleksandra , Bzikowska-Jura Agnieszka 
Published: June 2023

Objective: We aimed to analyze factors affecting feeding strategies of newborns and infants during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland.Methods: The cross-sectional study using a self-developed CAWI questionnaire was conducted between February and April 2021 among Polish mothers. The analysis included responses from 1,485 women who delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. The inferential analysis uses Parson’s chi-square test and the series of logistic models. The data were weighted to adjust age and educational level distribution.Results: When hospitalized, lack of skin-to-skin contact (OR = 0.094; p &lt; 0.001, 95% CI [0.057 0.156]), not being informed about direct breastfeeding in the pandemic (OR = 0.195, p = 0.006, 95% CI [0.61 0.62]) and being suspected for COVID-19 (OR = 0.379, p &lt; 0.001, 95% CI [0.223 0.642]) reduced the probability of breastfeeding. Feeding plans and feeding after leaving the hospital were impacted only by the educational level (OR = 2.463, p = 0.028, 95% CI [1.1 5.518]).Conclusion: While the mother’s education level plays a key role in the nutrition plans and long-term feeding strategy, PUI status and hospital practices (lack of skin-to-skin and proper information) had a major negative impact on breastfeeding rates in the hospital.
Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Lung-Deposited Surface Area in Zurich Switzerland: Lung-Deposited Surface Area as a New Routine Metric for Ambient Particle Monitoring
Authors: Edebeli Jacinta , Spirig Curdin , Fluck Stefan , Fierz Martin , Anet Julien 
Published: June 2023

Objective: To assess the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of lung-deposited particle surface area concentration (LDSA), while testing the long-term performance of a prototype of low-cost-low-maintenance LDSA sensors. One factor hampering epidemiological studies on fine to ultrafine particles (F-to-UFP) exposure is exposure error due to their high spatiotemporal heterogeneity, not reflected in particle mass. Though LDSA shows consistent associations between F-to-UFP exposure and health effects, LDSA data are limited.Methods: We measured LDSA in a network of ten sensors, including urban, suburban, and rural environments in Zurich, Switzerland. With traffic counts, traffic co-pollutant concentrations, and meteorological parameters, we assessed the drivers of the LDSA observations.Results: LDSA reflected the high spatiotemporal heterogeneity of F-to-UFP. With micrometeorological influences, local sources like road traffic, restaurants, air traffic, and residential combustion drove LDSA. The temporal pattern of LDSA reflected that of the local sources.Conclusion: LDSA may be a viable metric for inexpensively characterizing F-to-UFP exposure. The tested devices generated sound data and may significantly contribute to filling the LDSA exposure data gap, providing grounds for more statistically significant epidemiological studies and regulation of F-to-UFP.
Development and Characterization of Near-Isogenic Lines Derived from Synthetic Wheat Revealing the 2 kb Insertion in the PPD-D1 Gene Responsible for Heading Delay and Grain Number Improvement
Authors: Ning Shunzong , Li Shengke , Xu Kai , Liu Dongmei , Ma Li , Ma Chunfang , Hao Ming , Zhang Lianquan , Chen Wenjie , Zhang Bo , Jiang Yun , Huang Lin , Chen Xuejiao , Jiang Bo , Yuan Zhongwei , Liu Dengcai 
Published: June 2023

Spikelet number and grain number per spike are two crucial and correlated traits for grain yield in wheat. Photoperiod-1 (Ppd-1) is a key regulator of inflorescence architecture and spikelet formation in wheat. In this study, near-isogenic lines derived from the cross of a synthetic hexaploid wheat and commercial cultivars generated by double top-cross and two-phase selection were evaluated for the number of days to heading and other agronomic traits. The results showed that heading time segregation was conferred by a single incomplete dominant gene PPD-D1, and the 2 kb insertion in the promoter region was responsible for the delay in heading. Meanwhile, slightly delayed heading plants and later heading plants obviously have advantages in grain number and spikelet number of the main spike compared with early heading plants. Utilization of PPD-D1 photoperiod sensitivity phenotype as a potential means to increase wheat yield potential.
Penerapan Metode Silver Meal Heuristic untuk Minimasi Biaya Persediaan Bahan Baku Tahu
Authors: Yetrina Mutiara , Rifki Muhida  , Abu Bakri  
Published: June 2023

UMKM Pabrik Tahu AL merupakan salah satu produsen tahu yang beralamat di Kecamatan Kuranji, Kota Padang, Sumatera Barat. Secara umum permasalahan kurangnya persediaan bahan baku menduduki peringkat utama dalam permasalahan produksi pada Pabrik Tahu AL. Akibat dari kekurangan tersebut, terjadi kehilangan keuntungan yang diperoleh dan kadang pula terjadi kelebihan persediaan bahan baku sehingga menimbulkan biaya persediaan. Penelitian ini termasuk kedalam penelitian yang bersifat kuantitatif. Penelitian kuantitatif adalah metode penelitian yang mengumpulkan dan menganalisis data numerik untuk memahami fenomena dan menjawab pertanyaan penelitian. Pendekatan ini menggunakan pendekatan ilmiah dan berfokus pada pengukuran objektif dan analisis statistik. Penelitian kuantitatif mengumpulkan data antara lain data persediaan, data kelebihan dan kekurangan bahan baku tahu. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengolahan data yaitu metode Silver-Meal Heuristic. Dari hasil pengolahan data diperoleh hasil bahwa metode ini menghasilkan total biaya persediaan bahan baku yang lebih kecil dari pada total biaya persediaan yang diterapkan oleh Home industry Pabrik Tahu AL selama ini, Berdasarkan data dari bulan Januari 2020 sampai Desember 2021, dari kedua metode pengendalian persediaan bahan baku dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode Silver-Meal Heuristic lebih efisien siap apabila dibandingkan dengan metode Riil home industry dengan tingkat efisiensi sebesar 5,42 persen.
The crisis of family relations in modern society as one of the reasons for the low effectiveness of juvenile delinquency prevention
Authors: Zheludkov Mikhail , Alekseeva Anna 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The relevance of this article lies in the fact that the prevention of juvenile delinquency in modern Russia cannot be focused only on the perceptions of those families that lead a parasitic lifestyle or those with only one parent. Obviously, in order to increase the effectiveness of such prevention, attention should be paid not only to statistics on the personality of juvenile delinquents or the number of single-parent families and families with a negative environment line, but also to the factors that led to mistakes or shortcomings in family upbringing for the subsequent identification of causes and conditions of the type of crime.
Methods: Various methods of knowledge were used in writing the article: dialectical, statistical and analytical methods. The material for the study was practical examples, normative legal acts, statistical data, as well as scientific researches of authors studying the problems of the crisis of family relations in modern society.
Results: On the basis of general scientific dialectic method of cognition the crisis moments of family relations in modern society were considered, which are proposed to be a condition for delinquent behavior of minors and young people. It was found out that value orientations in family and issues of achievement of social status for its members are put in direct dependence of certain gender background or social trends, imposed by Internet-groups. The authors try to answer the question whether it is possible to predict juvenile delinquency by identifying families with signs of exclusion from external norms and rules of conduct for the subsequent preventive social influence or it is better to restrict preventive measures in relation to families with explicit signs of antisocial behavior.
Problems in the organization of cadet groups’ management
Authors: Zhelezkin Nikolaj 
Published: June 2023

The training of commanders of cadet groups in formation units of educational organisations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is one of the most important issues for the successful performing all training and service tasks by the units, but it is still not specified by departmental regulatory acts.
When preparing and practicing the training program for junior supervising staff of formation units, the author revealed a number of difficulties, reflected in the lack of a general methodological foundation of training, the lack of basic skills of cadets in group management, differences in the service and civil environments, as well as the personal needs of both individual cadets and all participants of training and service activity.
The purpose of the research is to examine problematic issues in the interaction between junior supervising staff and subordinate personnel during the initial phase of training.
The methods used are systematic, formal-logical, study of the scientific literature, analysis of regulatory legal acts, private-scientific pedagogical methods.
Results. The author has found that the main problem in the group management by junior supervising staff in educational organisations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia consists in the lack of a general methodological foundation for developing the skills and qualities necessary for effective implementation of service duties, including upbringing and training of personnel, as well as moral and psychological support of the unit’s activities. In addition, the lack of simple and accessible practical materials and undeveloped methods of working with cadet groups has a negative impact on the effectiveness of junior supervising staff training in the law enforcement agencies.