bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explosion Differentiation Using Light Emissions—Nuclear Reactor, Steam, Water Hammer, Hydrogen, Piper Alpha, and Hydro-Volcanic Explosions
Authors: Leishear Robert A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Light emissions during chemical reactions provide insights into various scenarios to better understand explosions and water hammers. For example, hydrogen burning and explosions emit blue light, organic carbon combustion and explosions emit combinations of blue and yellow light, water phase changes emit infrared and less visible white light, and white light explosions ignite when multiple chemical reactions are involved. Since experimental tests to observe infrared light during water hammers have not yet been performed, test data from water boiling tests and volcanoes are compared to larger water hammer and steam explosion incidents. Considering these facts and examining a series of photos and videos from the literature and Internet, determinations are proven with respect to water hammers, steam explosions, Piper Alpha water hammer explosions, and chemical explosions. Such evidence proves that steam explosions are important for water hammer accidents, but chemical explosions explain other explosions that have long been considered to be steam explosions. These other explosions include nuclear power plant explosions, hydro-volcanic explosions, and hydrogen explosions, where some of these explosions are, in fact, related to water hammers. This article is primarily a photographic essay to explain the differences between different types of explosions and water hammers, although combustion and explosion principles are expanded and explained to support this essay.
Influence of Interpolation Scheme on the Accuracy of Overset Method for Computing Rudder-Propeller Interaction
Authors: Lemaire Sébastien , Vaz Guilherme , van Rijswijk Menno Deij - , Turnock Stephen R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The overset method and associated interpolation schemes are usually thoroughly verified only on synthetic or academic test cases for which conclusions might not directly translate to real engineering problems. In the present work, an overset grid method is used to simulate a rudder-propeller flow, for which a comprehensive verification and validation study is performed. Three overset-related interpolation schemes (first order inverse distance, second order nearest cell gradient and third order least squares) are tested to quantify and qualify numerical errors on integral quantities, mass imbalance, flow features and rudder pressure distributions. The performance overhead is also measured to help make accuracy versus performance balance decisions. Rigorous solution verification is performed to estimate time and space Discretization, iterative and statistical uncertainties. Validation of the propeller-rudder flow against experimental data is also done. The results show that, while the choice of interpolation scheme has minimal impact on time-averaged integral quantities (like propeller and rudder forces), they do influence the smoothness of the time signals, with the first order scheme resulting in large intensity high-frequency temporal oscillations. Lower order interpolation methods also produce more interpolation artifacts in fringe cells, which are then convected downstream. Mass imbalance is also affected by the interpolation scheme, with higher order schemes such as the third order least squares approach resulting in an order of magnitude lower flux errors. The limitations of first order schemes do not, however, result in significant lower computational overhead, with the second order nearest cell gradient being even cheaper than the inverse distance scheme in the tested implementation. Lastly, validation shows promising results with rudder forces within 10% of the experiments.
Long covid outcomes at one year after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection: nationwide cohort study
Authors: Mizrahi Barak , Sudry Tamar , Flaks-Manov Natalie , Yehezkelli Yoav , Kalkstein Nir , Akiva Pinchas , Ekka-Zohar Anat , Ben David Shirley Shapiro , Lerner Uri , Bivas-Benita Maytal , Greenfeld Shira 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the clinical sequelae of long covid for a year after infection in patients with mild disease and to evaluate its association with age, sex, SARS-CoV-2 variants, and vaccination status.

Design
Retrospective nationwide cohort study.

Setting
Electronic medical records from an Israeli nationwide healthcare organisation.

Population
1 913 234 Maccabi Healthcare Services members of all ages who did a polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 between 1 March 2020 and 1 October 2021.

Main outcome measures
Risk of an evidence based list of 70 reported long covid outcomes in unvaccinated patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 matched to uninfected people, adjusted for age and sex and stratified by SARS-CoV-2 variants, and risk in patients with a breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with unvaccinated infected controls. Risks were compared using hazard ratios and risk differences per 10 000 patients measured during the early (30-180 days) and late (180-360 days) time periods after infection.

Results
Covid-19 infection was significantly associated with increased risks in early and late periods for anosmia and dysgeusia (hazard ratio 4.59 (95% confidence interval 3.63 to 5.80), risk difference 19.6 (95% confidence interval 16.9 to 22.4) in early period; 2.96 (2.29 to 3.82), 11.0 (8.5 to 13.6) in late period), cognitive impairment (1.85 (1.58 to 2.17), 12.8, (9.6 to 16.1); 1.69 (1.45 to 1.96), 13.3 (9.4 to 17.3)), dyspnoea (1.79 (1.68 to 1.90), 85.7 (76.9 to 94.5); 1.30 (1.22 to 1.38), 35.4 (26.3 to 44.6)), weakness (1.78 (1.69 to 1.88), 108.5, 98.4 to 118.6; 1.30 (1.22 to 1.37), 50.2 (39.4 to 61.1)), and palpitations (1.49 (1.35 to 1.64), 22.1 (16.8 to 27.4); 1.16 (1.05 to 1.27), 8.3 (2.4 to 14.1)) and with significant but lower excess risk for streptococcal tonsillitis and dizziness. Hair loss, chest pain, cough, myalgia, and respiratory disorders were significantly increased only during the early phase. Male and female patients showed minor differences, and children had fewer outcomes than adults during the early phase of covid-19, which mostly resolved in the late period. Findings remained consistent across SARS-CoV-2 variants. Vaccinated patients with a breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection had a lower risk for dyspnoea and similar risk for other outcomes compared with unvaccinated infected patients.

Conclusions
This nationwide study suggests that patients with mild covid-19 are at risk for a small number of health outcomes, most of which are resolved within a year from diagnosis.
Understanding resilience, self-reliance and increasing country voice: a clash of ideologies in global health
Authors: Shawar Yusra Ribhi , Neill Rachel , Kunnuji Michael , Manoj Malvikha , Shiffman Jeremy 
Published: January 2023

Background‘Resilience’, ‘self-reliance’ and ‘increasing country voice’ are widely used terms in global health. However, the terms are understood in diverse ways by various global health actors. We analyse how these terms are understood and why differences in understanding exist.MethodsDrawing on scholarship concerning ideology, framing and power, we employ a case study of a USAID-sponsored suite of awards called MOMENTUM. Applying a meta-ethnographic approach, we triangulate data from peer-reviewed and grey literature, as well as 27 key informant interviews with actors at the forefront of shaping these discourses and those associated with MOMENTUM, working in development agencies, implementing organisations, low-income and middle-income country governments, and academia.ResultsThe lack of common understanding of these three terms is in part a result of differences in two perspectives in global health—reformist and transformational—which are animated by fundamentally different ideologies. Reformists, reflecting neoliberal and liberal democratic ideologies, largely take a technocratic approach to understanding health problems and advance incremental solutions, working within existing global and local health systems to effect change. Transformationalists, reflecting threads of neo-Marxist ideology, see the problems as inherently political and seek to overhaul national and global systems and power relations. These ideologies shape differences in how actors define the problem, its solutions and attribute responsibility, resulting in nuanced differences among global health actors in their understanding of resilience, self-reliance and increasing country voice.ConclusionsDifferences in how these terms are employed and framed are not just linguistic; the language that is used is reflective of underlying ideological differences among global health actors, with implications for the way programmes are designed and implemented, the knowledge that is produced and engagement with stakeholders. Laying these distinct ideologies bare may be crucial for managing actor differences and advancing more productive discussions and actions towards achieving global health equity.
Evidence-informed framework for gender transformative continuing education interventions for midwives and midwifery associations
Authors: Bourret Kirsty , Mattison Cristina , Hebert Emmanuelle , Kabeya Ambrocckha , Simba Stephano , Crangle Moya , Darling Elizabeth , Robinson Jamie 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionContinuing education for midwives is an important investment area to improve the quality of sexual and reproductive health services. Interventions must take into account and provide solutions for the systemic barriers and gender inequities faced by midwives. Our objective was to generate concepts and a theoretical framework of the range of factors and gender transformative considerations for the development of continuing education interventions for midwives.MethodsA critical interpretive synthesis complemented by key informant interviews, focus groups, observations and document review was applied. Three electronic bibliographic databases (CINAHL, EMBASE and MEDLINE) were searched from July 2019 to September 2020 and were again updated in June 2021. A coding structure was created to guide the synthesis across the five sources of evidence.ResultsA total of 4519 records were retrieved through electronic searches and 103 documents were included in the critical interpretive synthesis. Additional evidence totalled 31 key informant interviews, 5 focus groups (Democratic Republic of Congo and Tanzania), 24 programme documents and field observations in the form of notes. The resulting theoretical framework outlines the key considerations including gender, the role of the midwifery association, political and health systems and external forces along with key enabling elements for the design, implementation and evaluation of gender transformative continuing education interventions.ConclusionInvestments in gender transformative continuing education for midwives, led by midwifery associations, can lead to the improvement of midwifery across all United Nations’ target areas including governance, health workforce, health system arrangements and education.
Understanding the experiences and needs of LGBTIQA+ individuals when accessing abortion care and pregnancy options counselling: a scoping review
Authors: Bowler Sally , Vallury Kari , Sofija Ernesta 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundSafe, accessible, and inclusive abortion care and pregnancy options counselling are essential components of sexual and reproductive health and rights. Research has documented LGBTIQA+ people are as likely, or more than likely, as the general population to experience an abortion in their lifetime yet face significant barriers to accessing abortion and related care, which undermines well-being.AimsThe present study undertakes a scoping review of research on the needs and experiences of the LGBTIQA+ population (representing lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, gender diverse, intersex, queer, asexual, and questioning) when accessing abortion care, pregnancy options, and post-abortion counselling to support improved understanding of pregnant people’s preferences, needs, and experiences.MethodsThe reporting of this scoping review is guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension of Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Academic databases were searched using terms relating to gender identity and sexuality, abortion, pregnancy options, and post-abortion counselling to identify peer reviewed papers published in English. Seven publications were included in the review that described experiences of LGBTIQA+ people accessing abortion-related care.ResultsThe included studies were predominantly conducted in the USA using quantitative and qualitative research designs. Thematic analysis highlighted participants’ experiences of discrimination and exclusion in healthcare settings, healthcare avoidance, unsafe abortion, non-disclosure to providers, and poor health outcomes for LGBTIQA+ people.ConclusionsGender-inclusive services and training for health providers is necessary to provide safe and accessible abortion care and overcome generations of mistrust held by the LGBTIQA+ community. Research into the needs of LGBTIQA+ people when accessing pregnancy options counselling is critically needed.
Treatment of pancreatic cancer with irreversible electroporation and intratumoral CD40 antibody stimulates systemic immune responses that inhibit liver metastasis in an orthotopic model
Authors: Shankara Narayanan Jayanth S , Hayashi Tomoko , Erdem Suna , McArdle Sara , Tiriac Herve , Ray Partha , Pu Minya , Mikulski Zbigniew , Miller Aaron , Messer Karen , Carson Dennis , Schoenberger Stephen , White Rebekah R 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundPancreatic cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis, and most patients present with either locally advanced or distant metastatic disease. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal method of ablation used clinically in locally advanced PC, but most patients eventually develop distant recurrence. We have previously shown that IRE alone is capable of generating protective, neoantigen-specific immunity. Here, we aim to generate meaningful therapeutic immune effects by combining IRE with local (intratumoral) delivery of a CD40 agonistic antibody (CD40Ab).MethodsKPC46 organoids were generated from a tumor-bearing male KrasLSL-G12D-p53LSL-R172H-Pdx-1-Cre (KPC) mouse. Orthotopic tumors were established in the pancreatic tail of B6/129 F1J mice via laparotomy. Mice were randomized to treatment with either sham laparotomy, IRE alone, CD40Ab alone, or IRE followed immediately by CD40Ab injection. Metastatic disease and immune infiltration in the liver were analyzed 14 days postprocedure using flow cytometry and multiplex immunofluorescence imaging with spatial analysis. Candidate neoantigens were identified by mutanome profiling of tumor tissue for ex vivo functional analyses.ResultsThe combination of IRE+CD40 Ab improved median survival to greater than 35 days, significantly longer than IRE (21 days) or CD40Ab (24 days) alone (p<0.01). CD40Ab decreased metastatic disease burden, with less disease in the combination group than in the sham group or IRE alone. Immunohistochemistry of liver metastases revealed a more than twofold higher infiltration of CD8+T cells in the IRE+CD40 Ab group than in any other group (p<0.01). Multiplex immunofluorescence imaging revealed a 4–6 fold increase in the density of CD80+CD11c+ activated dendritic cells (p<0.05), which were spatially distributed throughout the tumor unlike the sham group, where they were restricted to the periphery. In contrast, CD4+FoxP3+ T-regulatory cells (p<0.05) and Ly6G+myeloid derived cells (p<0.01) were reduced and restricted to the tumor periphery in the IRE+CD40 Ab group. T-cells from the IRE+CD40 Ab group recognized significantly more peptides representing candidate neoantigens than did T-cells from the IRE or untreated control groups.ConclusionsIRE can induce local tumor regression and neoantigen-specific immune responses. Addition of CD40Ab to IRE improved dendritic cell activation and neoantigen recognition, while generating a strong systemic antitumor T-cell response that inhibited metastatic disease progression.
Phase Ib open-label, multicenter study of pixatimod, an activator of TLR9, in combination with nivolumab in subjects with microsatellite-stable metastatic colorectal cancer, metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and other solid tumors
Authors: Lemech Charlotte , Dredge Keith , Bampton Darryn , Hammond Edward , Clouston Andrew , Waterhouse Nigel J , Stanley Amanda C , Leveque-El Mouttie Lucie , Chojnowski Grace M , Haydon Andrew , Pavlakis Nick , Burge Matthew , Brown Michael P , Goldstein David 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundPixatimod is a unique activator of the Toll-like Receptor 9 pathway. This phase I trial evaluated safety, efficacy and pharmacodynamics of pixatimod and PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab in immunologically cold cancers.Methods3+3 dose escalation with microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer (MSS mCRC) and metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC) expansion cohorts. Participants received pixatimod once weekly as a 1-hour intravenous infusion plus nivolumab every 2 weeks. Objectives included assessment of safety, antitumor activity, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetic profile.ResultsFifty-eight participants started treatment. The maximum tolerated dose of pixatimod was 25 mg in combination with 240 mg nivolumab, which was used in the expansion phases of the study. Twenty-one grade 3–5 treatment-related adverse events were reported in 12 participants (21%); one participant receiving 50 mg pixatimod/nivolumab had a treatment-related grade 5 AE. The grade 3/4 rate in the MSS mCRC cohort (n=33) was 12%. There were no responders in the mPDAC cohort (n=18). In the MSS mCRC cohort, 25 participants were evaluable (initial postbaseline assessment scans >6 weeks); of these, three participants had confirmed partial responses (PR) and eight had stable disease (SD) for at least 9 weeks. Clinical benefit (PR+SD) was associated with lower Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value and plasma IL-6 but increased IP-10 and IP-10/IL-8 ratio. In an MSS mCRC participant with PR as best response, increased infiltration of T cells, dendritic cells, and to a lesser extent NK cells, were evident 5 weeks post-treatment.ConclusionsPixatimod is well tolerated at 25 mg in combination with nivolumab. The efficacy signal and pharmacodynamic changes in MSS mCRC warrants further investigation.Trial registration numberNCT05061017.
FXNgene methylation determines carrier status in Friedreich ataxia
Authors: Lam Christina , Gilliam Kaitlyn M , Rodden Layne N , Schadt Kimberly A , Lynch David R , Bidichandani Sanjay 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundFriedreich ataxia (FRDA) is typically caused by homozygosity for an expanded GAA triplet-repeat (GAA-TRE) in intron 1 of theFXNgene. Some patients are compound heterozygous for the GAA-TRE and anotherFXNpathogenic variant. Detection of the GAA-TRE in the heterozygous state, occasionally technically challenging, is essential for diagnosing compound heterozygotes and asymptomatic carriers.ObjectiveWe explored if the FRDA differentially methylated region (FRDA-DMR) in intron 1, which is hypermethylated inciswith the GAA-TRE, effectively detects heterozygous GAA-TRE.MethodsFXNDNA methylation was assayed by targeted bisulfite deep sequencing using the Illumina platform.ResultsFRDA-DMR methylation effectively identified a cohort of known heterozygous carriers of the GAA-TRE. In an individual with clinical features of FRDA, commercial testing showed a paternally inherited pathogenicFXNinitiation codon variant but no GAA-TRE. Methylation in the FRDA-DMR effectively identified the proband, his mother and various maternal relatives as heterozygous carriers of the GAA-TRE, thus confirming the diagnosis of FRDA.ConclusionFXNDNA methylation reliably detects the GAA-TRE in the heterozygous state and offers a robust alternative strategy to diagnose FRDA due to compound heterozygosity and to identify asymptomatic heterozygous carriers of the GAA-TRE.
Engineering CD20 CARs with a Twist
Authors: Scheller Lukas , Hudecek Michael 
Published: January 2023

CD20 is highly expressed in several types of B-cell lymphoma and is an intuitive target for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. However, with conventional approaches, it has been challenging to provide CD20 CAR designs that confer efficacy in preclinical models and in clinical trials. In this issue, Chen and colleagues report several improved CD20 CARs, developed with minimal deviations from conventional design principles, that confer curative anti-lymphoma efficacy in preclinical models. These novel CD20 CARs enrich the pipeline for clinical development and provide an example of rational CAR design that is informed by insights into the structural biology of CAR domains.See related article by Chen et al., p. 150 (3).
Networking in Tourism Business: A Strategy for Recovering from COVID-19 in Tanzania
Authors: Mlozi Shogo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a model that establishes a link between the motivation to join a network, the selection of a partner on the basis of communication and shared goals, a relationship orientation based on trust and reciprocity, and the ability of tourism businesses to recover from the impact of theCOVID-19 pandemic to improve business performance. Purposive sampling was used to collect data from 169 respondents. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. In order to get more insights into the studied constructs, age and size were used as moderators. Five hypotheses out of six are supported. The findings also show that the performance of tourism businesses, particularly that of small and young firms, was not significantly affected by the goals of firms. Similarly, with regard to small firms, trust did not significantly improve their performance in the recovery process. Interestingly, communication did not affect performance in the overall sample, but was affected by the moderators. The findings mean that investing in tourism businesses may require different networking strategies, depending on what business one invests in. Finally, the study could help policymakers and practitioners develop investment strategies to assist businesses in quickly recovering from the impact ofCOVID-19, thereby attracting more investors and tourists to the country.
The Monumental Qur’āns of Sultan Shaʿbān
Authors: Laclau Adeline 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article focuses on the seven monumental Qur’āns made during the reign of Sultan al-Ashraf Shaʿbān II (r. 1363–1378), considered to be the masterpieces of the Mamluk arts of the book. These are MSS Cairo, Dār al-Kutub al-Miṣriyya Raṣīd 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, and 54. The aim of this study is to deepen our knowledge of the manufacturing system and the context of production of these manuscripts through the examination of paper formats, writing, and illuminations. This analysis allows us to locate these Qur’āns in the overall context of fourteenth-century manuscripts production, but also to reconsider the place of the two illumination workshops involved in their ornamentation, as well as their relationship with Sultan Shaʿbān and his entourage.
Dances at the Palace
Authors: Tessari Silvia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to comment on three dance-related passages from the Χρονικὴ διήγησις of the Byzantine historian Niketas Choniates (1155 ca.–1217). A linguistic analysis will identify both the precise classical reminiscences used by the author and the medieval reality transfigured through his archaizing linguistic choices. An introduction summarizes some aspects of Constantinopolitan dance in its specific connection with political power.