bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encoding legislation: a methodology for enhancing technical validation, legal alignment and interdisciplinarity
Authors: Witt Alice , Huggins Anna , Governatori Guido , Buckley Joshua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article proposes an innovative methodology for enhancing the technical validation, legal alignment and interdisciplinarity of attempts to encode legislation. In the context of an experiment that examines how different legally trained participants convert select provisions of the Australian Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) into machine-executable code, we find that a combination of manual and automated methods for coding validation, which focus on formal adherence to programming languages and conventions, can significantly increase the similarity of encoded rules between coders. Participants nonetheless encountered various interpretive difficulties, including syntactic ambiguity, and intra- and intertextuality, which necessitated legal evaluation, as distinct from and in addition to coding validation. Many of these difficulties can be resolved through what we call a process of ‘legal alignment’ that aims to enhance the congruence between encoded provisions and the true meaning of a statute as determined by the courts. However, some difficulties cannot be overcome in advance, such as factual indeterminacy. Given the inherently interdisciplinary nature of encoding legislation, we argue that it is desirable for ‘rules as code’ (‘RaC’) initiatives to have, at a minimum, legal subject matter, statutory interpretation and technical programming expertise. Overall, we contend that technical validation, legal alignment and interdisciplinary teamwork are integral to the success of attempts to encode legislation. While legal alignment processes will vary depending on jurisdictionally-specific principles and practices of statutory interpretation, the technical and interdisciplinary components of our methodology are transferable across regulatory contexts, bodies of law and Commonwealth and other jurisdictions.
It’s a Family Affair: A Case for Consistency in Family Foundation Giving and Family Firm Community CSR Activity
Authors: Cruz Cristina , Milanov Hana , Klein Judit 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough most business-owning families (BOFs) that operate large family firms practice community social engagement both in private via family foundations and in the business domain via community corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs, the relationship between their activities in the two domains remains unclear. Prior literature speculates that BOFs will deprioritize firms’ community CSR when they have family foundations as more efficient vehicles to achieve socioemotional wealth (SEW), which would imply that such BOFs are less ethical in operating their firms. We contrast these speculations by enriching the socioemotional wealth (SEW) approach with instrumental stakeholder theory and cue consistency arguments and theorize that BOFs seek to ensure consistency between their activities in the two domains. Using data from 2008 to 2018 on the 95 largest US public family firms whose BOFs also operate private foundations, we show a positive relationship between family foundation giving and firm community CSR activity. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the boundary conditions of this relationship, showing that it is weaker for firms that do not share the family’s name and stronger for those firms with family leaders who also lead their families’ foundations.
Assessing Emotional Distress in Adolescents: Psychometrics of the Spanish Version of the Social Emotional Distress Scale-Secondary
Authors: Rodríguez-Jiménez Tíscar , Vidal-Arenas Verónica , Falcó Raquel , Moreno-Amador Beatriz , Marzo Juan C. , Piqueras José A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The Social Emotional Distress Scale-Secondary (SEDS-S) is a short measure designed for comprehensive school-based mental health screening, particularly for using very brief self-reported measures of well-being and distress. Whereas prior studies have shown validity and reliability evidence for the English version, there is a lack of literature about its psychometric properties for Spanish-speaking youths.

Objective
To examine the psychometric properties of the SEDS-S in a large sample of Spanish adolescents, providing evidence of its reliability, structure, convergent and discriminant validity, longitudinal and gender measurement invariance, and normative data.

Methods
Participants were 5550 adolescents aged 12–18 years old. Test–retest reliability was examined using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients, and evidence for convergent and discriminant validity was measured using Pearson’s correlation. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine structure validity, while multigroup and longitudinal measurement invariance analysis was conducted for longitudinal and gender latent structure stability.

Results
The CFA supported a unidimensional latent structure, which was also observed to be invariant between gender groups and over time. The scale showed evidence of reliability, with coefficients above .85. In addition, the SEDS-S score was positively related to measures assessing distress and negatively related to measures assessing well-being, thereby providing convergent/discriminant validity of the total scores.

Conclusion
This study provides the first evidence of the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the SEDS-S for assessing emotional distress among adolescents, cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Furthermore, findings indicated that SEDS-S could be a suitable assessment tool for screening and program evaluation purposes at different contexts beyond the school setting.
Benchmarking and survey of explanation methods for black box models
Authors: Bodria Francesco , Giannotti Fosca , Guidotti Riccardo , Naretto Francesca , Pedreschi Dino , Rinzivillo Salvatore 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe rise of sophisticated black-box machine learning models in Artificial Intelligence systems has prompted the need for explanation methods that reveal how these models work in an understandable way to users and decision makers. Unsurprisingly, the state-of-the-art exhibits currently a plethora of explainers providing many different types of explanations. With the aim of providing a compass for researchers and practitioners, this paper proposes a categorization of explanation methods from the perspective of the type of explanation they return, also considering the different input data formats. The paper accounts for the most representative explainers to date, also discussing similarities and discrepancies of returned explanations through their visual appearance. A companion website to the paper is provided as a continuous update to new explainers as they appear. Moreover, a subset of the most robust and widely adopted explainers, are benchmarked with respect to a repertoire of quantitative metrics.
ISCEV guidelines for calibration and verification of stimuli and recording instruments (2023 update)
Authors: McCulloch Daphne L. , Bach Michael , Brigell Mitchell , Chan Hoover , Hamilton Ruth , Hogg Chris , Odom J. Vernon , Robson Anthony G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis document developed by the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) provides guidance for calibration and verification of stimulus and recording systems specific to clinical electrophysiology of vision. This guideline provides additional information for those using ISCEV Standards and Extended protocols and supersedes earlier Guidelines. The ISCEV guidelines for calibration and verification of stimuli and recording instruments (2023 update) were approved by the ISCEV Board of Directors 01, March 2023.
Towards a Deflationary Truthmakers Account of Social Groups
Authors: Hansson Wahlberg Tobias 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
I outline a deflationary truthmakers account of social groups. Potentially, the approach allows us to say, with traditional ontological individualists, that there are only pluralities of individuals out there, ontologically speaking, but that there are nevertheless colloquial and social-scientific truths about social groups. If tenable, this kind of theory has the virtue of being both ontologically parsimonious and compatible with ordinary and social-scientific discourse—a virtue which the stock reductive / ontological dependence accounts of social groups arguably lack.
Enabling inter-organizational analytics in business networks through meta machine learning
Authors: Hirt Robin , Kühl Niklas , Martin Dominik , Satzger Gerhard 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Successful analytics solutions that provide valuable insights often hinge on the connection of various data sources. While it is often feasible to generate larger data pools within organizations, the application of analytics within (inter-organizational) business networks is still severely constrained. As data is distributed across several legal units, potentially even across countries, the fear of disclosing sensitive information as well as the sheer volume of the data that would need to be exchanged are key inhibitors for the creation of effective system-wide solutions—all while still reaching superior prediction performance. In this work, we propose a meta machine learning method that deals with these obstacles to enable comprehensive analyses within a business network. We follow a design science research approach and evaluate our method with respect to feasibility and performance in an industrial use case. First, we show that it is feasible to perform network-wide analyses that preserve data confidentiality as well as limit data transfer volume. Second, we demonstrate that our method outperforms a conventional isolated analysis and even gets close to a (hypothetical) scenario where all data could be shared within the network. Thus, we provide a fundamental contribution for making business networks more effective, as we remove a key obstacle to tap the huge potential of learning from data that is scattered throughout the network.
Mechanism of lactose assimilation in microalgae for the bioremediation of dairy processing side-streams and co-production of valuable food products
Authors: Li Yuchen , Miros Svitlana , Kiani Hossein , Eckhardt Hans-Georg , Blanco Alfonso , Mulcahy Shane , McDonnell Hugh , Tiwari Brijesh Kumar , Halim Ronald 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study investigated the mechanism of lactose assimilation in Nannochloropsis oceanica for dairy-wastewater bioremediation and co-production of valuable feed/food ingredients in a circular dairy system (β-galactosidase and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids). Mixotrophic cultivation was found to be mandatory for lactose assimilation in N. oceanica, with biomass production in mixotrophic cultures reaching a fourfold increase over that under heterotrophic conditions. Under mixotrophic conditions, the microalgae were able to produce β-galactosidase enzyme to hydrolyse lactose, with maximum extracellular secretion recorded on day 8 of growth cycle at 41.47 ± 0.33 U gbiomass−1. No increase in the concentration of glucose or galactose was observed in the medium, confirming the ability of microalgae to indiscriminately absorb the resultant monosaccharides derived from lactose breakdown. Population analysis revealed that microalgae cells were able to maintain dominance in the mixotrophic culture, with bacteria accounting for < 12% of biomass. On the other hand, under heterotrophic conditions, native bacteria took over the culture (occupying over 95% of total biomass). The bacteria, however, were also unable to effectively assimilate lactose, resulting in limited biomass increase and negligible production of extracellular β-galactosidase. Results from the study indicate that N. oceanica can be effectively applied for onsite dairy wastewater treatment under strict mixotrophic conditions. This is commercially disadvantageous as it rules out the possibility of deploying heterotrophic fermentation with low-cost bioreactors and smaller areal footprint.
Modular Test Kit – A Modular Approach for Efficient and Function-Oriented Testing
Authors: Jooß Benedikt , Schramm Dieter 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe software architecture in modern vehicles enables highly networked and innovative systems. At the same time, more and more regulations for type approval of a vehicle have to be taken into account in software development. To ensure consistent quality and compliance with regulations, it is therefore important to test effectively and efficiently. In this article, a modular testing approach is presented that assigns test activities based on special features of a software item. These activities are called modules in the approach. Each module is based on a legal regulation or standard. To ensure efficient and effective testing, the test modules with the highest required identification rate per test objective must always be performed. Carrying out several test modules with the same test objective is not expedient.
Ag–(In–Bi) solid-state bonding
Authors: Kuziora Stéphane Léonard , Nguyen Hoang-Vu , Aasmundtveit Knut Eilif 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSolid-state diffusion bonding is a metallurgical technique to bond interfaces. We identify Ag–(In–Bi) as a material system that can be bonded at 65 °C. This work aims to demonstrate low-temperature bonding and to determine if Bi precipitates form through a solid-state diffusion mechanism. Bonds were formed at 65 °C utilizing a 78.5-at% In–Bi eutectic foil and a 95-at% In–Bi foil, with bonding times 1, 2, 4, and 8 days. These foils were sandwiched between two pieces of Ag, forming an Ag/In–Bi foil/Ag bonding stack. Thanks to bridging of AgIn2, a temperature stability of ~166 °C is possible. Using a bonding material with higher In content (in our case 95 at% In) than the eutectic did not reduce the growth rate of AgIn2. The BiIn2left over from the reaction was surrounded by the growth of AgIn2. The solid-state bonding results presented in this paper indicate that dissolution is a necessary condition for the unique Bi precipitates previously seen in the Ag–(In–Bi) solid–liquid system.
Molecular Characterization and Landscape of Breast cancer Models from a multi-omics Perspective
Authors: Ortiz Mylena M.O. , Andrechek Eran R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBreast cancer is well-known to be a highly heterogenous disease. This facet of cancer makes finding a research model that mirrors the disparate intrinsic features challenging. With advances in multi-omics technologies, establishing parallels between the various models and human tumors is increasingly intricate. Here we review the various model systems and their relation to primary breast tumors using available omics data platforms. Among the research models reviewed here, breast cancer cell lines have the least resemblance to human tumors since they have accumulated many mutations and copy number alterations during their long use. Moreover, individual proteomic and metabolomic profiles do not overlap with the molecular landscape of breast cancer. Interestingly, omics analysis revealed that the initial subtype classification of some breast cancer cell lines was inappropriate. In cell lines the major subtypes are all well represented and share some features with primary tumors. In contrast, patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and patient-derived organoids (PDO) are superior in mirroring human breast cancers at many levels, making them suitable models for drug screening and molecular analysis. While patient derived organoids are spread across luminal, basal- and normal-like subtypes, the PDX samples were initially largely basal but other subtypes have been increasingly described. Murine models offer heterogenous tumor landscapes, inter and intra-model heterogeneity, and give rise to tumors of different phenotypes and histology. Murine models have a reduced mutational burden compared to human breast cancer but share some transcriptomic resemblance, and representation of many breast cancer subtypes can be found among the variety subtypes. To date, while mammospheres and three- dimensional cultures lack comprehensive omics data, these are excellent models for the study of stem cells, cell fate decision and differentiation, and have also been used for drug screening. Therefore, this review explores the molecular landscapes and characterization of breast cancer research models by comparing recent published multi-omics data and analysis.
Thermoset polyurethanes from biobased and recycled components
Authors: Mendiburu-Valor Eider , Larraza Izaskun , Echeverria-Altuna Oihane , Harismendy Isabel , Peña-Rodriguez Cristina , Eceiza Arantxa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this work, a recycled bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) monomer, obtained by glycolysis of marine polyethylene terephthalate (PET) litter, and a biobased polyol derived from castor oil were used for the synthesis of thermoset polyurethanes (PUs). BHET was obtained in a closed reactor at 220 °C and a short reaction time of 30 min. Different PUs were synthesized, varying the BHET content, ranging from 0 to 21 wt% and varying the polyol content, obtaining a renewable carbon content between 23 and 43%. The PUs synthesized in this work, in which at least 40% of their components are renewable and recycled, showed an interesting combination of thermal, thermo-mechanical and mechanical properties. In addition, a preliminary chemical recycling study of the synthesized PUs was performed to evaluate their recyclability, wrapping the whole process within the circular economy. The obtained glycolyzed product was a single-phase viscous liquid consisting on polyol-rich and BHET-rich fractions, with contents in the range of those employed in the synthesis of PUs.
Indirect auxiliary organogenesis of Fraxinus excelsior L. as a tool for ash dieback control
Authors: Nawrot-Chorabik Katarzyna , Pluciński Bartosz , Latowski Dariusz 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe existence of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) is threatened by fungus-induced ash dieback. It is essential to find effective methods to multiply ash genotypes resistant to ash dieback while preserving the genetic diversity of these tree populations. In this paper the efficient method for production of European ash seedlings using indirect auxiliary organogenesis with multi-factor analysis of its effectiveness is presented. Procedures for a dormancy breaking treatment of seeds and effective disinfection of F. excelsior primary explants, as well as appropriate composition of the culture media taking into account impact of growth regulators and physiological gradient on the micropropagation efficiency were developed. As primary explant for micropropagation of F. excelsior, leaf buds, megagametophytes and zygotic embryos were tested. The best-performing type of primary explant for micropropagation of European ash proved to be zygotic embryos, which were successfully used to regenerate seedlings via indirect auxiliary organogenesis. No statistically significant impact of population origin of F. excelsior explant donor trees was observed on the effectiveness of callus initiation. However, such difference was significant in regard to average productivity of acquired callus cultures (number of seedlings produced) and to average root length of regenerated seedlings. Health condition of explant donor trees and their seeds affects the callus initiation rate from zygotic embryos, but does not affect the productivity of callus lines derived from the seeds and the quality of regenerated seedlings. Indirect auxiliary organogenesis of F. excelsior, developed in our study, not only provides the acquisition of ash seedlings of different genotypes, but also enables rapid selection of desired genotypes already at the callus stage. In this way, the presented method benefits not only profit oriented forestry and wood industry, but also provide the effective and fully controllable tool for reintroduction of various resistant to ash-dieback F. excelsior genotypes without loss of variability and genetic identity of its populations.
An assessment of the reporting of tapering methods in antidepressant discontinuation trials using the TIDieR checklist
Authors: McGoldrick Amy , Byrne Helen , Cadogan Cathal 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The importance of tapering is increasingly recognised when discontinuing antidepressant medication. However, no previous studies have examined the reporting of antidepressant tapering methods in published studies.

Aim
The aim of this study was to assess the completeness of reporting of antidepressant tapering methods in a published systematic review using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist.

Method
A secondary analysis was conducted of studies included in a Cochrane systematic review that examined the effectiveness of approaches for discontinuing long-term antidepressant use. The completeness of reporting of antidepressant tapering methods in included studies was independently assessed by two researchers using the 12 items from the TIDieR checklist.

Results
Twenty-two studies were included in the analysis. None of the study reports described all checklists items. No study clearly reported what materials had been provided (item 3) or whether tailoring had occurred (item 9). With the exception of providing a name for the intervention or study procedures (item 1), only a minority of studies clearly reported on any of the remaining checklist items.

Conclusion
The findings highlight a lack of detailed reporting of antidepressant tapering methods in published trials to date. This needs to be addressed as poor reporting could hinder replication and adaptation of existing interventions, as well as the potential for successful translation of effective tapering interventions into clinical practice.
Evaluating the potential outcomes of pharmacist-led activities in the Australian general practice setting: a prospective observational study
Authors: Sudeshika Thilini , Deeks Louise S. , Naunton Mark , Peterson Gregory M. , Kosari Sam 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Pharmacists have been co-located in general practice teams to support the quality use of medicines and optimise patient health outcomes. Evidence of the impact of pharmacist-led activities in Australian general practices is sparse.

Aim
This study aimed to evaluate the potential outcomes of pharmacist-led activities in Australian general practices.

Method
A prospective observational study was conducted in eight general practices in the Australian Capital Territory, where each general practice employed a pharmacist on a part-time basis for 18 months. A recommended, but flexible, list of activities was provided for pharmacists. Descriptive information on general practice pharmacist-led activities, collected with an online diary, was analysed. The potential clinical, economic, and organisational impact of pharmacist-led clinical activities was evaluated using the CLinical Economic Organisational (CLEO) tool, with a modified economic dimension.

Results
Nine pharmacists reported 4290 activities over 3918.5 work hours in general practice. Medication management services were the primary clinical activity of pharmacists. In medication reviews, 75% of the pharmacists’ recommendations were fully accepted by general practitioners. Conducting clinical audits, updating patients’ medical records, and providing information to patients and staff were other major activities of pharmacists. Of 2419 clinical activities, around 50% had the potential for a moderate or major positive clinical impact on patients. Sixty-three per cent of activities had the potential to decrease healthcare costs. Almost all the pharmacist-led clinical activities had a positive organisational impact.

Conclusion
Most pharmacist-led clinical activities in general practice had the potential for a positive impact on patients and reduction in healthcare costs, supporting the expansion of this model in Australia.