bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Characterization of Human B Cell Alloantigens
Authors: Billing Ronald J. , Safani Madjid , Peterson Patricia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human B lymphocyte alloantigens were solubilized from malignant spleen cell membranes from lymphoma patients by detergent treatment or papain digestion. Antigenic activity was detected by inhibition of cytotoxicity of rabbit and human anti-B cell antisera. Extracts from one patient (AC) specifically inhibited only B alloantisera of B groups 1 and 3; sera from B groups 4 and 5 were not inhibited. Inhibitory titers were greater than 1:400 against positive sera and less than 1:2 against negative sera. The papain extracts were purified by QAE-A50 Sephadex and Concanavalin A Sepharose 4B chromatography, and preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) under nondenaturing conditions. By testing gel slices for antigenic activity the m.w. of the papain-extracted B antigen was 58,000 whereas the detergent-extracted antigen was 65,000. Antigenic activity detected by rabbit and human antisera copurify together, suggesting that these sera were reacting with the same molecules. Immunoprecipitation of sodium deoxycholatesolubilized extracts of a cultured human B lymphoid cell line 8392 with the rabbit anti-B cell antisera revealed two B cell polypeptides of apparent m.w. 27,000 and 35,000 that were not found on the paired T line 8402. It is suggested that these polypeptides might be subunits of the 65,000 dalton native B lymphocyte alloantigen. The polypeptide subunits do not appear to be linked covalently by disulfide bonds.
Hapten Specific IgE Antibody Responses in Mice
Authors: Fox David A. , Chiorazzi Nicholas , Katz David H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The studies presented in this paper were undertaken to determine whether IgE- and IgG-producing murine B lymphocytes could be distinguished by differential resistance to x-irradiation in vivo. Sensitivity or resistance of B lymphocytes to various doses of x-irradiation was monitored by measuring the production by irradiated cells of haptenspecific IgG and IgE antibody. The results indicate that both primed and unprimed IgG B lymphocytes are less radioresistant than corresponding IgE B lymphocytes. Primed IgG B lymphocytes are more radioresistant than unprimed IgG B cells whereas unprimed IgE B lymphocytes are at least as radioresistant as primed IgE B lymphocytes. The relative radioresistance of primed IgE vs IgG B cells was best demonstrated in an adoptive transfer system. Thus, exposure of ASC-primed mice to 300 R 24 hr after transfer into these mice of syngeneic, DNP-KLH-primed spleen cells led to a sustained failure to produce IgG anti-DNP antibody after challenge with DNP-ASC; under these conditions IgE anti-DNP production was not impaired. This was shown to reflect differential radioresistance of the corresponding B cell populations. In addition, exposure to x-irradiation tended to augment IgE anti-DNP antibody responses when compared to unirradiated controls. This phenomenon is thought to reflect the effects of x-irradiation on regulatory mechanisms controlling the mouse IgE response and is explored in detail in an accompanying manuscript. The results described in this paper are discussed in the light of our evidence suggesting that, in both mouse and man, IgE B lymphocytes have certain unique characteristics by which they may be distinguished from other classes of B lymphocytes.
Hapten-Specific IgE Antibody Responses in Mice
Authors: Chiorazzi Nicholas , Fox David A. , Katz David H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Exposure of BALB/c, A/J, and (BALB/c × A/J)F1 mice, which are IgE high responder animals, to total body x-irradiation ranging from 50 to 200 R resulted in a dose-dependent enhancement of the hapten-specific IgE antibody level as compared to unirradiated control mice. In contrast, anti-hapten antibody responses of the IgG class in these same animals were rarely enhanced, and when so, were of a lesser degree. This relatively selective augmentation of the IgE vs IgG antibody responses was observed in both unprimed and primed mice. By utilizing adoptive transfer systems, it was demonstrated that the enhancing effects of x-irradiation resulted from its action on the carrier-primed cell population and not upon the responding B cells or upon macrophages. The data presented herein suggest that this enhancement phenomenon is the result of the elimination of T cells (or their products) with suppressive functions and that these cells are neither dependent upon nor specific for the carrier antigen employed in the immunization. This hypothesis is given indirect support by the observations that treatment of the same strains of mice with cyclophosphamide, in doses known to abrogate suppressive T cell functions, resulted in a similar enhancing effect to that observed after low doses of x-irradiation.
In addition an interesting difference between IgE and IgG precursor B lymphocytes was observed by the ability of IgE B cells to differentiate to the secretory state at a strikingly more rapid rate than IgG B lymphocytes when exposed to comparable T cell helper influences. These observations may provide important clues to the cellular mechanisms of the immune regulation of the IgE response and its relationship to allergic diseases.
The Inhibition of Initial Steps of Lymphocyte Transformation by Cytochalasin B
Authors: Resch Klaus , Prester Marlot , Ferber Ernst , Gelfand Erwin W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
CB was shown to inhibit the PHA-induced activation of rabbit lymph node lymphocytes as assessed by the incorporation of 3H-uridine into RNA or 3H-thymidine into DNA. This suppression was dose dependent with an optimum of 10 µg CB/ml (20. 8 µM). Mitogen-activated lymphocytes escaped the inhibitory effect of the drug when CB was added later than 1 hr after the addition of PHA. CB also suppressed the activation of membrane phospholipid metabolism which occurs among the earliest detectable changes in activated lymphocytes. Thus the incorporation of 14C-choline, 14C-acetate, or 14C-oleate into lecithin in the presence of PHA and CB was the same as the level of their incorporation in unstimulated lymphocytes. The increased incorporaion of 14C-oleate into lecithin of the plasma membrane of activated lymphocytes was similarly prevented in the presence of CB. In contrast, CB exhibited no or only a marginal effect on the phospholipid turnover of unstimulated lymphocytes. Our results point to plasma membrane phospholipid metabolism as the possible site of CB interference with the lymphocyte activation.
Characterization of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Activity Produced in Vivo by a Cell-Mediated Immune Reaction in the Guinea Pig
Authors: Postlethwaite Arnold E. , Townes Alexander S. , Kang Andrew H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Peritoneal fluid from the abdominal cavities of guinea pigs having delayed hypersensitivity to horseradish peroxidase (HRPO) was obtained by a lavage technique before and after i.p. challenge with antigen. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and macrophage chemotactic factor activities were measured in peritoneal fluids from each animal. Chemotactic activity for macrophages was maximal 24 hr after i.p. challenge and was absent thereafter. MIF activity was maximal in peritoneal fluid 24 to 48 hr after challenge. Macrophages were present in greatest numbers in peritoneal fluid 24 hr after challenge and returned almost to control levels at 48 hr. Macrophages in 48-hr fluid were larger and exhibited more intense cytoplasmic staining for nonspecific esterases when compared to those in 0-hr fluid.
The m.w. of MIF obtained from culture supernatants of HRPO-stimulated guinea pig lymphocytes and 48-hr peritoneal fluid were found to be virtually identical, 58,000 and 54,000 daltons, respectively. MIF from these in vitro and in vivo sources were similarly resistant to heating at 56°C for 30 min but were both destroyed by incubation with insoluble trypsin.
Binding of IgE Myeloma Proteins to Human Cultured Lymphoblastoid Cells
Authors: Gonzalez-Molina Andres , Spiegelberg Hans L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The binding of human IgE myeloma proteins to 16 human cultured lymphoblastoid cell lines was studied by measuring specific uptake of radiolabeled deaggregated IgE myeloma proteins and/or E-IgE rosette formation. Eight lines, RPMI-8866, Wil-2WT, RPMI-6410, RPMI-1788, RPMI-4265, Clowers, COLO-59 and Victor, bound IgE as shown by at least one of these methods. The lines, RPMI-4098, SCRF-5004, NC-37, Daudi, Raji, P3JHR-1, RPMI-1301 and Molt-4 did not bind IgE. Of the positive cell lines, 58 to 98% of the cells formed E-IgE rosettes. The binding of IgE was Fc fragment specific. It could only be inhibited by human IgE and its Fc fragment but not by IgE Fab fragments and Ig of other classes. The binding of IgE also appeared to be species specific, since a rat IgE myeloma protein did neither bind to the cells nor inhibit the binding of human IgE. The binding of IgE was relatively temperature independent and was abolished by trypsin and pronase pretreatment of the cells. Most of the cell lines binding IgE did not bind IgG but had surface immunoglobulin and did not form spontaneous E rosettes. These data suggest that certain lymphoblastoid cells may have receptors for IgE.
Purification and Partial Characterization of a Tumor-Specific Blocking Factor from Sera of Mice with Growing Chemically Induced Sarcomas
Authors: Nepom Jerry T. , Hellström Ingegerd , Erik Hellström Karl 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The purification of a blocking factor from the sera of tumor-bearing mice is described. Whole serum with blocking activity—the ability to inhibit specific cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity in microcytotoxicity tests—was fractionated on immunoadsorbent columns containing Sepharose-bound syngeneic normal mouse immunoglobulins and immunoglobulins from tumor-immune donors. The blocking serum was derived from mice which had carried a transplanted methylocholanthrene-induced sarcoma for 21 to 28 days. Elution of the immunoadsorbents recovered the blocking activity in a single fraction. This fraction was radiolabeled and analyzed by SDS gel electrophoresis and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. The active component of the blocking serum was shown to be a polypeptide of m.w. 56,000.
Specificity testing implied that the factor was likely to be either tumor antigen or an antigen-specific suppressor molecule.
Cell Interactions Between Histoincompatible T and B Lymphocytes
Authors: Katz David H. , Chiorazzi Nicholas , McDonald Jeanne , Katz Lee R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Two possible explanations for the failure of primed histoincompatible T and B lymphocytes to cooperate in secondary responses of the IgG antibody class have been investigated in the present study: 1) The possible existence of subtle suppressive mechanisms developing as a consequence of mixing two histoincompatible cell populations; and 2) The possible inability of histoincompatible carrierprimed T cells to recognize and/or be induced to function by carrier determinants presented to them in association with foreign MHC antigens (i.e., the “altered-self” recognition hypothesis). Absence of suppression has been verified by two different approaches, including: 1) the failure of histoincompatible T cells, even in great excess, to interfere with physiologic cooperation between syngeneic T and B lymphocytes; and 2) the failure of histoincompatible B cells to interfere with physiologic cooperation between semi-syngeneic F1 hybrid T cells and parental B cells. The unlikelihood of the “altered-self” explanation for failure of histoincompatible T and B cells to cooperate has been indicated by an inability to circumvent the requirement for I-region identity by priming T cells with allogeneic macrophagebound antigen even when the latter cells are of identical haploytpe with the allogeneic B cells employed in the final cooperation assay.
These results strongly substantiate the existence of true genetic restrictions in T-B cell intractions in secondary responses to hapten-protein conjugates. The validity of other observations indicating an absence of genetic restrictions in certain circumstances, considered in the context of our own data, has suggested the possibility that virgin T and B lymphocytes reciprocally influence one another during the course of cell interactions in response to antigenic and/or other signals, a process we term “adaptive differentiation.”
Activation of the Alternative Pathway of the Complement System by Radiographic Contrast Media
Authors: Arroyave Carlos M. , Naras Bhat K. , Crown Ronald 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Nine patients who underwent radiographic contrast media (RCM) infusion for diagnostic purposes were studied. Simultaneously, venous blood samples were collected and complement was measured. None of the patients had a clinical history of allergy to previous infusion of RCM. A significant drop in plasma complement (CH50) levels was detected in five of nine patients. The drop in CH50 was observed wihin the first 20 min after the initiation of RCM infusion. All five patients in whom a drop in complement was found showed a decrease in hemolytic C3, properdin, and factor B. In addition, by radial immunodiffusion low levels of C3, C6, properdin, and factor B were observed and split products of C3 and factor B were identified by immunoelectrophoresis. No significant changes in C1q and C4 were detected by radial immunodiffusion during the study of these five patients. This study strongly suggested that in some patients undergoing RCM infusion, activation of the complement system occurred and this activation appears to be through the alternative pathway.
Electrophoretic Separation of Radioisotopically Labeled Mouse Lymphocytes
Authors: Griffith A. L. , Catsimpoolas N. , Dewanjee M. K. , Wortis H. H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A new preparative method is described for the separation and direct electrophoretic comparison of the distribution profile of radioisotopically labeled cells. The cell populations to be compared are labeled separately with different radioisotopes (e.g., 51Cr and 99mTc) and mixed. The cell mixture is subjected to density gradient electrophoresis and the distribution of each radioisotope in the collected fractions is ascertained by differential gamma counting. In the case of uniform label uptake by the cells in each distribution, the radioactivity counts represent cell frequency. Nonuniform labeling allows useful comparisons only in terms of relative mobility distribution. Model experiments performed with 51Cr- and 99mTc-labeled mouse thymocytes and spleen cells are in general agreement with mobility distribution results obtained previously by free flow electrophoresis.
Immunity to Phasmodium Berghei Yoelii in Mice
Authors: Weinbaum Fredric I. , Evans Charles B. , Tigelaar Robert E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The course of infection with 17X nonlethal Plasmodium berghei yoelii was examined in BALB/c mice which were deficient in either T cells or B cells. Markedly increased parasitemia and mortality were observed in athymic (nude) mice which had been backcrossed on a BALB/c background (T cell deficient) compared to similar mice which had been grafted with neonatal BALB/c thymus, and were also observed in BALB/c mice suppressed from birth with goat antiserum to mouse µ-chain (B cell deficient) compared to age- and sex-matched BALB/c controls. These results establish the requirement for the presence of both T cells and B cells for effective resistance to an intercurrent infection with 17XNL P.b. yoelii in adult BALB/c mice. Mechanisms by which the requirement for both T cells and B cells could be explained were discussed. The model of µ suppression was shown to be a valuable tool for an evaluation of the cellular basis of immunity to an infectious disease.
Triggering of Human Peripheral Blood B Cells: Polyclonal Induction and Modulation of an in Vitro PFC Response
Authors: Friedman Steven M. , Breard Jacqueline M. , Chess Leonard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the present studies we utilized polyclonal activators to analyze the signals required to induce antibody synthesis by subpopulations of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The in vitro synthesis of antibody directed against sheep erythrocytes was measured by a modification of the Jerne plaque assay. The plaques observed contained central lymphoid cells, could be inhibited by anti-human immunoglobulin, and were strictly dependent on both the addition of complement and viable B lymphocytes actively synthesizing protein. Kinetic analysis showed that the PFC response developed over time during cell culture with peak activity occurring between days 6 and 7.
It was found that human peripheral blood B lymphocytes, isolated by Sepahdex G-200 anti-Fab column chromatography, were nonspecifically induced by either PWM or soluble products of antigen-activated human T cells to differentiate into PFC. In contrast, unfractionated peripheral blood lymphocytes, Ig- cells isolated from immunoabsorbant columns, and B cells enriched by nylon wool adherence were not triggered to antibody synthesis even in the presence of polyclonal activators. B cells isolated by nylon wool adherence and further fractionated by binding and elution from anti-Fab columns were then readily triggered by PWM to differentiate into PFC. These results suggest that the interaction of human B cells with anti-Fab columns, presumably at the Ig receptor, serves as a signal important in the differentiation events leading to PFC activity. The anti-Fab interaction alone, although critical, was not sufficient to induce the differentiation of precursor cells into PFC since subsequent triggering by antigen-activated T cell supernatants or PWM was required for the development of an optimal PFC response.
Additional experimental data demonstrated that the PFC response could be regulated by autologous peripheral Ig- lymphoid cells in vitro. At low concentrations of PWM, Ig- cells consistently augmented the B cell PFC response whereas at high concentrations of PWM, suppression was observed. Depletion of E rosetting cells from the Ig- population eliminated the subset responsible for augmentation but did not eliminate the suppressor cell activity.
Genetic Control of Immune Responsiveness to Poly (lPro)—Poly (lLys)-Derived Polypeptides by Histocompatibility-Linked Immune Response Genes in the Rat
Authors: Günther Eberhard , Mozes Edna , Rüde Erwin , Sela Michael 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In rats responsiveness to branched synthetic polypeptides carrying a Pro—L backbone, such as (T,G)-Pro—L or (Phe,G)-Pro—L and to Pro—L itself is controlled by Ir genes which are linked to the major histocompatibility genes. The level of antibody production to these polypeptides does not fall into strict high or low responder categories but covers the range in between. (T,G)-Pro—L and Pro—L elicit a very similar response pattern which, however, differs from that obtained with (Phe,G)-Pro—L. Anti-(T,G)-Pro—L antibodies do not cross-react with (T,G)-A—L, but do so extensively with Pro—L. Anti-(Phe,G)-Pro—L antibodies show cross-reactivity to (Phe,G)-A—L only when the antibody-producing strain is a high responder to (Phe,G)-A—L. These results when considered in view of data obtained in mice on genetic control of the immune response to (T,G)-Pro—L suggest that at least two unlinked Ir genes are involved in controlling anti-Pro—L responsiveness.
The Regulation of the Immune Response to T-Independent Antigens by Prostaglandins and B Cells
Authors: Zimecki Michal , Webb David R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effect of inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis on the in vitro primary immune response to two T-independent antigens has been investigated. The results, with PVP or DNP-Ficoll, suggest that the prostaglandins play an important role in the regulation of the immune response to these antigens. Furthermore, it appears that B cells may be involved in their own regulation by synthesizing and responding to prostaglandins. Although it has been previously established that T cells exert a regulatory influence on the response to PVP and DNP-Ficoll, this is the first demonstration of an apparent B cell regulation of B cell function via the production of a specific hormone.
Tuberculin-Sensitized Lymphocytes Detected by Altered Electrophoretic Mobility Distributions after Incubation with the Antigen PPD
Authors: Uzgiris E. E. , Kaplan Joel H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lymphocytes from donors who had had tuberculosis (a disease known to provoke a cell-mediated immunity) were incubated with the tuberculin antigen, purified protein derivative (PPD), and their distribution of electrophoretic mobility was determined by laser Doppler spectroscopy. In 75% of the cases, the distribution showed a new, high mobility cell subpopulation that was not present before exposure to the PPD. Control lymphocytes from individuals with negative skin tests or no record of tuberculosis showed no mobility changes after incubation with PPD. These observations indicate that the new mobility subpopulation arose from a specific interaction between the antigen and sensitized cells of the donors.
The Development of HBsAg-Positive Hepatitis Despite the Previous Existence of Antibody to HBsAg
Authors: Koziol Deloris E. , Alter Harvey J. , Kirchner John P. , Holland Paul V. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
A dentist developed acute, icteric HBsAg-positive hepatitis despite the prior existence of anti-HBs. Evaluation of this antibody showed it to have a restricted specificity reacting with only one subdeterminant (α1) of the hepatitis B surface antigen. The anti-HBs/α1 coexisted with HBsAg of subtype ayw in the acute phase hepatitis serum.
Specificity of the in Vitro Immune Response to Synthetic Polypeptide Antigens in Inbred Rats
Authors: Minford Jon K. , Cramer Donald V. , Gill Thomas J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The immune response to a variety of synthetic and natural antigens is under the control of genes present within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and many of the responses are mediated by thymus-derived lymphocytes (1–3). These immune response (Ir) genes may code for cell-surface structures that are capable of specific antigen recognition, either by direct interaction with the antigen or by conformational changes in association with other cell surface structures (1, 2).
The specificity of the proposed Ir gene product on the T cell has been examined by comparing the cross-reactivities of antibodies and of sensitized cells elicited by immunization with branched synthetic polypeptide antigens. McDevitt and his co-workers have presented evidence that the in vitro recognition of antigen by T cells in the mouse is more specific than either antibody cross-reactivity or antigen binding by B cells (4, 5). Similar results were obtained in the rat by comparing the cross-reactions of anti-polypeptide antibodies and the in vitro antigen-induced proliferative response (6).
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Silverman Morton S. , La Via Mariano F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Dear Sir: We wish to alert our colleagues to a possible hazard in using phenol containing disinfecting agents in laboratory animal facilities.
For several years, we have used CBA male mice and routinely perform Mishell-Dutton-type cultures of mouse spleen cells immunized with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). Our normal anti-SRBC response is around 300 to 500 PFC with a background of around 30 to 40 PFC/106 recovered cells. In November 1975, we inadvertently started using O-Syl (National Laboratories, Lehn & Fink Industrial Products Division of Sterling Drug, Inc., Montvale, N. J. 07645) to disinfect the polypropylene cages in which mice are housed (10 to 15/cage). Cages were disinfected weekly by a mixture of hot water and O-Syl (approximately 10 ml in 10 liters of hot water) and rinsed repeatedly with warm water. By February 1976, the anti-SRBC response in spleen cultures declined to around 60 PFC/106 recovered cells. Shortly thereafter the mice developed a dermatitis.