bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scoping review of outpatient health services utilization among women
Authors: Alizadeh Mahasti , Zamiran Bahar , Eslamian Ayoub , SoleimanvandiAzar Neda , Mohammadi Gharehghani Mohammad Ali , Karimijavan Gelavizh , Karimi Salah Eddin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background:
Health services utilization, as one of the mechanisms of the health system, guarantees a healthy life and improves well-being for everyone.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to identify factors affecting the use of outpatient health services among women.

Methods/designs:
This scoping review examined the studies related to outpatient health services utilization (OHSU) and its determinants among women. This review was conducted on English language studies published between 2010 and 2023 (All searches were conducted on 20 January 2023). Studies available in databases such as Web of Science, MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Wiley library, Proquest, and Google Scholar were searched manually. Selected keywords and their equivalents were used to search for related articles in each database.

Results:
A total of 18 795 articles were identified, of which 37 met the inclusion criteria. Findings showed that age, marital status, level of education, employment status, income level, socioeconomic status, rape experience, health insurance, health status, ethnicity, living in rural areas, quality of services, area of residence, having a purpose in life and access to health services affect OHSU among women.

Conclusions:
The results of the present review showed that in order to achieve the universal goals of health services coverage and health service utilization, it is necessary for countries to provide insurance coverage to the maximum number of people. Also, policies should change in favor of the elderly, poor and low-income, low-educated, rural, ethnic minority, and chronically ill women and provide them with free preventive health services.
Joint models for cause-of-death mortality in multiple populations
Authors: Huynh Nhan , Ludkovski Mike 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe investigate jointly modelling age–year-specific rates of various causes of death in a multinational setting. We apply multi-output Gaussian processes (MOGPs), a spatial machine learning method, to smooth and extrapolate multiple cause-of-death mortality rates across several countries and both genders. To maintain flexibility and scalability, we investigate MOGPs with Kronecker-structured kernels and latent factors. In particular, we develop a custom multi-level MOGP that leverages the gridded structure of mortality tables to efficiently capture heterogeneity and dependence across different factor inputs. Results are illustrated with datasets from the Human Cause-of-Death Database (HCD). We discuss a case study involving cancer variations in three European nations and a US-based study that considers eight top-level causes and includes comparison to all-cause analysis. Our models provide insights into the commonality of cause-specific mortality trends and demonstrate the opportunities for respective data fusion.
Marine‐Calibrated Chronology of Southern Laurentide Ice Sheet Advance and Retreat: ∼2,000‐Year Cycles Paced by Meltwater–Climate Feedback
Authors: Wickert Andrew D. , Williams Carlie , Gregoire Lauren J. , Callaghan Kerry L. , Ivanović Ruža F. , Valdes Paul J. , Vetter Lael , Jennings Carrie E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractClimatic warming following the Last Glacial Maximum caused the southern Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) to begin ∼2,000‐year cycles of retreat and readvance whose cause remains ambiguous. By developing a marine‐calibrated chronology of southern LIS position, we counterintuitively demonstrate that between 17.6 and 11.3 ka, ice advanced during times of northern‐hemisphere warming and retreated during times of northern‐hemisphere cooling. Here we propose a cyclical feedback: Meltwater from ice retreat cooled the northern hemisphere by weakening the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). This eventually lead to ice‐sheet readvance, which reduced and rerouted meltwater discharge, and thereby allowed the AMOC to strengthen and the northern hemisphere to warm. Our data suggest that this antiphased ice–climate interaction, paced by ice‐sheet response time, was initiated by synchronous warming and ice retreat ∼18.7–17.6 ka (corresponding to the Erie “Interstade”) and reached its apex during the Younger Dryas.
Implications of Sea Breezes on Air Quality Monitoring in a Coastal Urban Environment: Evidence From High Resolution Modeling of NO2 and O3
Authors: Wang Bo , Geddes Jeffrey A. , Adams Taylor J. , Lind Elena S. , McDonald Brian C. , He Jian , Harkins Colin , Li Dan , Pfister Gabriele G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCoastal urban environments face unique challenges associated with air quality‐meteorology interactions. In this study, high resolution chemical transport modeling over the Greater Boston area was performed to improve our understanding of sea breezes impacts on the spatiotemporal variability of primary and secondary pollutants. We perform WRF‐Chem simulations at 3 km resolution over June 22 to 10 July 2019 (a period that included 10 sea breeze occurrences), and use Pandora tropospheric NO2 column, surface air quality monitoring, and vertical meteorological aircraft profiles for evaluation. The model generally reproduces observed spatiotemporal variability of air pollution during sea breezes well. Tropospheric columns of NO2 predicted by the model and observed by the Pandora instrument show that sea breezes are associated with rapid increases and steep gradients in tropospheric NO2 and confirm accumulation of local primary emissions. Spatial heterogeneity in tropospheric NO2 is strongly governed by inland penetration lengths of the sea breeze front. Process diagnostics show that three sea‐breeze days where O3 observations recorded hourly concentrations >70 ppb have both efficient net chemical O3 production in the boundary layer (>10 ppb/hr) and rapid O3 convergence in the near‐surface convergence zone (>20 ppb/hr). During sea breezes, interactions between photochemistry, the convergence zone inland penetration, and urban NOx titration effects, contribute to strong heterogeneity and high O3 inland that is not captured by the current monitoring network. We discuss monitoring needs and model applications for the sea breeze scenarios, with broad implications for air quality monitoring in coastal urban environments.
Profiling and Pairing Catchments and Hydrological Models With Latent Factor Model
Authors: Yang Yang , Chui Ting Fong May 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHydrological models are simplified representations of catchments. Finding an appropriate model instance (i.e., a combination of structure and parameter values) for a given catchment is a fundamental problem in hydrological modeling. This study develops a latent factor‐based machine learning method to learn to predict the pairwise association between the behavioral characteristics under climate forcing of a catchment and a hydrological model instance. The underlying assumption is that the behaviors of catchments and model instances can be sufficiently well characterized by sets of latent factors that allow accurate prediction of the associations between observed and modeled behaviors. In this study, the proposed method was applied to learn the latent factor vectors (which are numerical values) of 2,649 catchments worldwide and over 1,000,000 model instances from their pairwise associations (i.e., similarities between observed and simulated catchment behaviors). The model instances were created using 36 conceptual model structures or modeling software, and the their parameter values were randomly sampled. The results show that the learned latent factor vectors are able to accurately characterize the associations between catchments and hydrological model instances. The latent factor vector of a “new” catchment (not seen by the training procedures) can be estimated by running a small number of randomly sampled model instances, from which well‐fitting model instances created using different conceptual models can be recommended. The recommended instances can be of comparable quality to those derived using a calibration algorithm, and the method is useful for catchments outside the regions from which the latent factor vectors of the model instances were derived.
Identification of the Madden–Julian Oscillation With Data‐Driven Koopman Spectral Analysis
Authors: Lintner Benjamin R. , Giannakis Dimitrios , Pike Max , Slawinska Joanna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO), the dominant mode of tropical intraseasonal variability, is commonly identified using the realtime multivariate MJO (RMM) index based on joint empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of near‐equatorial upper and lower level zonal winds and outgoing longwave radiation. Here, in place of conventional EOFs, we apply an operator‐theoretic formalism based on dynamic systems theory (the Koopman operator) to extract an analog to RMM that exhibits certain features that refine the characterization and predictability of the MJO. In particular, the spectrum of Koopman operator eigenfunctions, with eigenvalues corresponding to mode periods, contains a leading intraseasonal mode with period of ∼50 days. Moreover, the amplitude of this leading intraseasonal eigenfunction exhibits a seasonal modulation clearly peaked in boreal winter. Finally, the phase space formed by the complex Koopman MJO eigenfunction exhibits a smoother temporal evolution and higher degree of autocorrelation than RMM, which may contribute to enhanced predictive skill.
Electron Dynamics in the Electron Current Sheet During Strong Guide‐Field Reconnection
Authors: Wang H.‐W. , Tang B.‐B. , Li W. Y. , Zhang Y.‐C. , Graham D. B. , Khotyaintsev Y. V. , Gao C.‐H. , Guo X.‐C. , Wang C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, we investigate detailed electron dynamics in strong guide‐field reconnection (the normalized guide field is ∼1.5). This reconnection event is observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft at the center of a flux rope in the magnetotail. With the presence of a large parallel electric field (E‖) in the electron current sheet, electrons are accelerated when streaming into this E‖ region from one direction, and decelerated from the other direction. Some decelerated electrons can reduce the parallel speed to ∼0 to form relatively isotropic electron distributions at one side of the electron current sheet, as the estimated acceleration potential satisfies the relation eΦ‖ ≥ kTe,‖, where Te,‖ is the electron temperature parallel to the magnetic field. Therefore, a large E‖ is generated to balance the parallel electron pressure gradient across the electron current sheet, since electrons at the other side of the current sheet are still anisotropic. Based on these observations, we further show that the electron beta is an important parameter in guide‐field reconnection, providing a new perspective to solve the large parallel electric field puzzle in guide‐field reconnection.
Mass Loss of Glaciers and Ice Caps Across Greenland Since the Little Ice Age
Authors: Carrivick Jonathan L. , Boston Clare M. , Sutherland Jenna L. , Pearce Danni , Armstrong Hugo , Bjørk Anders , Kjeldsen Kristian K. , Abermann Jakob , Oien Rachel P. , Grimes Michael , James William H. M. , Smith Mark W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGlaciers and ice caps (GICs) are important contributors of meltwater runoff and to global sea level rise. However, knowledge of GIC mass changes is largely restricted to the last few decades. Here we show the extent of 5327 Greenland GICs during Little Ice Age (LIA) termination (1900) and reveal that they have fragmented into 5467 glaciers in 2001, losing at least 587 km3 from their ablation areas, equating to 499 Gt at a rate of 4.34 Gt yr−1. We estimate that the long‐term mean mass balance in glacier ablation areas has been at least −0.18 to −0.22 m w.e. yr−1 and note the rate between 2000 and 2019 has been three times that. Glaciers with ice‐marginal lakes formed since the LIA termination have had the fastest changing mass balance. Considerable spatial variability in glacier changes suggest compounding regional and local factors present challenges for understanding glacier evolution.
The Role of the Pacific‐Antarctic Ridge in Establishing the Northward Extent of Antarctic Sea‐Ice
Authors: Ferola A. I. , Cotroneo Y. , Wadhams P. , Fusco G. , Falco P. , Budillon G. , Aulicino G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMonitoring the Antarctic sea‐ice is essential for improving our knowledge of the Southern Ocean. We used satellite sea‐ice concentration data for the 2002–2020 period to retrieve the sea‐ice extent (SIE) and analyze its variability in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. Results provide observational evidence of the recurring formation of a sea‐ice protrusion that extends to 60°S at 150°W during the winter season. Furthermore, we discuss how the Pacific‐Antarctic Ridge (PAR) influences this phenomenon. Our findings show that the northward deflection of the southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current front is driven by the PAR and is associated with the enhanced sea‐ice advance. The PAR also constrains eddy trajectories, limiting their interaction with the sea‐ice edge. These factors, within the 160°W–135°W sector, cause an average SIE increase of 61,000 km2 and 46,293 km2 per year more than the upstream and downstream areas, respectively.
Field Gradient Analysis Based on a Geometrical Approach
Authors: Shen C. , Dunlop M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUsing multi‐point observations from a spacecraft constellation, the spatial gradients of measured physical quantities can be calculated, and thus other derived parameters for the plasma (e.g., current density, topology of magnetic field lines, and wave vectors) can also be calculated. In this research, a geometrical method based on integral theorems has been applied to deduce estimators of the linear gradients of various fields based on constellation measurements. Integral forms are best suited to the particular case of four‐point measurements and indeed using this geometrical approach, it is very easy to derive the field gradients for observations made by a planar constellation (e.g., as defined by three spacecraft). It is verified here that the method based on integral theorems and the method based on spatial interpolation are equivalent for deriving formulas for the gradients. An error analysis found that the accuracy of the estimators is very high and enters at the second order of the tetrahedron size. This makes the estimates, derived from the integral approach rather stable.
Identification of RAC1 in promoting brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma using single-cell transcriptome sequencing
Authors: Chen Mingyu , Li Hanyue , Xu Xiaolin , Bao Xunxia , Xue Lei , Ai Xinghao , Xu Jian , Xu Ming , Shi Yong , Zhen Timing , Li Jie , Yang Yi , Ji Yang , Fu Zhiliang , Xing Kaichen , Qing Tao , Wang Qiubo , Zhong Ping , Zhu Sibo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study aims to give a new perspective to the biomarkers in the lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) brain metastasis, pathways involved and potential therapeutics. We performed a comprehensive single-cell level transcriptomic analysis on one LUAD patient with circulating tumor cells (CTCs), primary tumor tissue and metastatic tumor tissue using scRNA-seq approach to identify metastasis related biomarkers. Further scRNA-seq were performed on 7 patients to validate the cancer metastatic hallmark. with single cells collected from either metastatic or primary LUAD tissues. Pathological and functional studies were also performed to evidence the critical role of RAC1 in the LUAD metastasis. Hallmark gene was verified based on immunohistochemistry staining, cytological experiment, survival information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and staining results from Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases. PCA analysis revealed that CTCs were in the intermediate place between the metastatic group and primary group. In the unsupervised clustering analysis CTCs were closer to one of the metastatic tumor cells, implying heterogeneity of the metastatic tumor and origin of the CTCs were from metastatic site. Transitional phase related gene analysis identified RAC1 was enriched in metastatic tumor tissue (MTT) preferred gene set functioning as regulated cell death and apoptosis as well as promoted macromolecule organization. Compared with normal tissue, expression levels of RAC1 increased significantly in LUAD tissue based on HPA database. High expression of RAC1 predicts worse prognosis and higher-risk. EMT analysis identified the propensity of mesenchymal state in primary cells while epithelial signals were higher in the metastatic site. Functional clustering and pathway analyses suggested genes in RAC1 highly expressed cells played critical roles in adhesion, ECM and VEGF signaling pathways. Inhibition of RAC1 attenuates the proliferation, invasiveness and migration ability of lung cancer cells. Besides, through MRI T2WI results, we proved that RAC1 can promote brain metastasis in the RAC1-overexpressed H1975 cell burden nude mouse model. RAC1 and its mechanisms might promote drug design against LUAD brain metastasis.
Identification of age-specific gene regulators of La Crosse virus neuroinvasion and pathogenesis
Authors: Basu Rahul , Ganesan Sundar , Winkler Clayton W. , Anzick Sarah L. , Martens Craig , Peterson Karin E. , Fraser Iain D. C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOne of the key events in viral encephalitis is the ability of virus to enter the central nervous system (CNS). Several encephalitic viruses, including La Crosse Virus (LACV), primarily induce encephalitis in children, but not adults. This phenomenon is also observed in LACV mouse models, where the virus gains access to the CNS of weanling animals through vascular leakage of brain microvessels, likely through brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs). To examine age and region-specific regulatory factors of vascular leakage, we used genome-wide transcriptomics and targeted siRNA screening to identify genes whose suppression affected viral pathogenesis in BCECs. Further analysis of two of these gene products, Connexin43 (Cx43/Gja1) and EphrinA2 (Efna2), showed a substantial effect on LACV pathogenesis. Induction of Cx43 by 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) inhibited neurological disease in weanling mice, while Efna2 deficiency increased disease in adult mice. Thus, we show that Efna2 and Cx43 expressed by BCECs are key mediators of LACV-induced neuroinvasion and neurological disease.
Giardia hinders growth by disrupting nutrient metabolism independent of inflammatory enteropathy
Authors: Giallourou Natasa , Arnold Jason , McQuade Elizabeth T. Rogawski , Awoniyi Muyiwa , Becket Rose Viguna Thomas , Walsh Kenneth , Herzog Jeremy , Gulati Ajay S. , Carroll Ian M. , Montgomery Stephanie , Quintela Pedro Henrique , Faust Angela M. , Singer Steven M. , Fodor Anthony A. , Ahmad Tahmeed , Mahfuz Mustafa , Mduma Esto , Walongo Thomas , Guerrant Richard L. , Balfour Sartor R. , Swann Jonathan R. , Kosek Margaret N. , Bartelt Luther A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGiardia lamblia (Giardia) is among the most common intestinal pathogens in children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Although Giardia associates with early-life linear growth restriction, mechanistic explanations for Giardia-associated growth impairments remain elusive. Unlike other intestinal pathogens associated with constrained linear growth that cause intestinal or systemic inflammation or both, Giardia seldom associates with chronic inflammation in these children. Here we leverage the MAL-ED longitudinal birth cohort and a model of Giardia mono-association in gnotobiotic and immunodeficient mice to propose an alternative pathogenesis of this parasite. In children, Giardia results in linear growth deficits and gut permeability that are dose-dependent and independent of intestinal markers of inflammation. The estimates of these findings vary between children in different MAL-ED sites. In a representative site, where Giardia associates with growth restriction, infected children demonstrate broad amino acid deficiencies, and overproduction of specific phenolic acids, byproducts of intestinal bacterial amino acid metabolism. Gnotobiotic mice require specific nutritional and environmental conditions to recapitulate these findings, and immunodeficient mice confirm a pathway independent of chronic T/B cell inflammation. Taken together, we propose a new paradigm that Giardia-mediated growth faltering is contingent upon a convergence of this intestinal protozoa with nutritional and intestinal bacterial factors.
Single-frame deep-learning super-resolution microscopy for intracellular dynamics imaging
Authors: Chen Rong , Tang Xiao , Zhao Yuxuan , Shen Zeyu , Zhang Meng , Shen Yusheng , Li Tiantian , Chung Casper Ho Yin , Zhang Lijuan , Wang Ji , Cui Binbin , Fei Peng , Guo Yusong , Du Shengwang , Yao Shuhuai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSingle-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) can be used to resolve subcellular structures and achieve a tenfold improvement in spatial resolution compared to that obtained by conventional fluorescence microscopy. However, the separation of single-molecule fluorescence events that requires thousands of frames dramatically increases the image acquisition time and phototoxicity, impeding the observation of instantaneous intracellular dynamics. Here we develop a deep-learning based single-frame super-resolution microscopy (SFSRM) method which utilizes a subpixel edge map and a multicomponent optimization strategy to guide the neural network to reconstruct a super-resolution image from a single frame of a diffraction-limited image. Under a tolerable signal density and an affordable signal-to-noise ratio, SFSRM enables high-fidelity live-cell imaging with spatiotemporal resolutions of 30 nm and 10 ms, allowing for prolonged monitoring of subcellular dynamics such as interplays between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, the vesicle transport along microtubules, and the endosome fusion and fission. Moreover, its adaptability to different microscopes and spectra makes it a useful tool for various imaging systems.
Increasing global precipitation whiplash due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Tan Xuezhi , Wu Xinxin , Huang Zeqin , Fu Jianyu , Tan Xuejin , Deng Simin , Liu Yaxin , Gan Thian Yew , Liu Bingjun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPrecipitation whiplash, including abrupt shifts between wet and dry extremes, can cause large adverse impacts on human and natural systems. Here we quantify observed and projected changes in characteristics of sub-seasonal precipitation whiplash and investigate the role of individual anthropogenic influences on these changes. Results show that the occurrence frequency of global precipitation whiplash is projected to be 2.56 ± 0.16 times higher than in 1979–2019 by the end of the 21stCentury, with increasingly rapid and intense transitions between two extremes. The most dramatic increases of whiplash show in the polar and monsoon regions. Changes in precipitation whiplash show a much higher percentage change than precipitation totals. In historical simulations, anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) and aerosol emissions have increased and decreased precipitation whiplash occurrences, respectively. By 2079, anthropogenic GHGs are projected to increase 55 ± 4% of the occurrences risk of precipitation whiplash, which is driven by shifts in circulation patterns conducive to precipitation extremes.