bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolocumab effectiveness in the real-world setting: Austrian data from the pan-European observational HEYMANS study
Authors: Ebenbichler Christoph , Drexel Heinz , Hanusch Ursula , Toplak Hermann , Dhalwani Nafeesa N. , Bridges Ian , Hoelzl Robert , Hemetsberger Margit , Ray Kausik K. 
Published: July 2023

Summary
Background
This real-world study examined clinical characteristics and dyslipidemia management among patients initiating evolocumab across 12 European countries. Austrian data are reported.

Methods
Data of consenting adults were collected for ≤ 6 months prior to evolocumab initiation (baseline) and ≤ 30 months post-initiation. Patient characteristics, lipid lowering therapy (LLT, i.e. statin and/or ezetimibe) and lipid values were collected from medical records.

Results
In Austria, 363 patients were enrolled. At baseline, 52% of patients initiated evolocumab without background LLT; the median (Q1, Q3) initial low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level was 142 (111, 187) mg/dL. Within 3 months of evolocumab treatment, median LDL‑C decreased by 59% to 58 (37, 91) mg/dL. This reduction was maintained over time, despite consistently infrequent use of background LLT. LDL-C < 55 mg/dL was attained by 65% of patients (76% with, 55% without background LLT). Evolocumab persistence was ≥ 90% at month 12 and month 30.

Conclusion
In Austria, patients were initiated on evolocumab at LDL‑C levels almost 3‑times higher than the guideline-recommended clinical goal (< 55 mg/dL). Persistence with evolocumab was very high. Evolocumab led to a rapid and sustained LDL‑C reduction with 65% attaining the LDL‑C goal. Patients using evolocumab in combination with statins and/or ezetimibe were more likely to attain their LDL‑C goal and thus decrease cardiovascular risk.
A perspective on human activity recognition from inertial motion data
Authors: Gomaa Walid , Khamis Mohamed A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHuman activity recognition (HAR) using inertial motion data has gained a lot of momentum in recent years both in research and industrial applications. From the abstract perspective, this has been driven by the rapid dynamics for building intelligent, smart environments, and ubiquitous systems that cover all aspects of human life including healthcare, sports, manufacturing, commerce, etc., which necessitate and subsume activity recognition aiming at recognizing the actions, characteristics, and goals of one or more agent(s) from a temporal series of observations streamed from one or more sensors. From a more concrete and seemingly orthogonal perspective, such momentum has been driven by the ubiquity of inertial motion sensors on-board mobile and wearable devices including smartphones, smartwatches, etc. In this paper we give an introductory and a comprehensive survey to the subject from a given perspective. We focus on a subset of topics, that we think are major, that will have significant and influential impacts on the future research and industrial-scale deployment of HAR systems. These include: (1) a comprehensive and detailed description of the inertial motion benchmark datasets that are publicly available and/or accessible, (2) feature selection and extraction techniques and the corresponding learning methods used to build workable HAR systems; we survey classical handcrafted datasets as well as data-oriented automatic representation learning approach to the subject, (3) transfer learning as a way to overcome many hurdles in actual deployments of HAR systems on a large scale, (4) embedded implementations of HAR systems on mobile and/or wearable devices, and finally (5) we touch on adversarial attacks, a topic that is essentially related to the security and privacy of HAR systems. As the field is very huge and diverse, this article is by no means comprehensive; it is though meant to provide a logically and conceptually rather complete picture to advanced practitioners, as well as to present a readable guided introduction to newcomers. Our logical and conceptual perspectives mimic the typical data science pipeline for state-of-the-art AI-based systems.
GCKR and ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms in women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhu Manning , Lv Yaer , Peng Yanqing , Wu Yingnan , Feng Yanan , Jia Tianshuang , Xu Songcheng , Li Songxue , Wang Wei , Tian Jiawei , Sun Litao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Aims
To investigate the associations of GCKR and ADIPOQ variants with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Chinese women.

Methods
GCKR rs1260326, ADIPOQ rs266729, and rs1501299 were selected and genotyped in 519 GDM patients and 498 controls. Candidate SNPs were genotyped using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with next-generation sequencing methods, and the association of these SNPs with GDM was analyzed.

Results
We found that GCKR rs1260326 was significantly associated with an increased risk of GDM in the allele model, the codominant model (CC vs. TT), the dominant model, the recessive model, and the genotypic model distributions (p = 0.0029, p = 0.0022, p = 0.0402, p = 0.0038, and p = 0.0028, respectively). The rs1260326 polymorphism was shown to be associated with 1 h-OGTT level and gravidity in GDM patients (CC vs. TT: p = 0.0475 and p = 0.0220, respectively). Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was significantly higher in the GDM patients with the rs266729 GG genotype compared to those with the CC or CG genotype (p = 0.0444 and p = 0.0339, respectively). The DBP of the GDM patients with the rs1501299 GT genotype was lower than that of those with the GG genotype (p = 0.0197). There was a weak linkage disequilibrium value between the GCKR and ADIPOQ SNPs.

Conclusions
The genes GCKR and ADIPOQ may be involved in the pathophysiology of GDM.
CBCTs in a Swiss university dental clinic: a retrospective evaluation over 5 years with emphasis on radiation protection criteria
Authors: Klingler Samuel , Biel Philippe , Tschanz Moses , Schulze Ralf 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo retrospectively evaluate all cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans acquired from 2017 to 2022 in a Swiss university dental clinic with particular emphasis on radiation protection aspects.Material and methodsRadiological databases at the dental clinic of the University of Bern, Switzerland, were explored using a self-developed search algorithm. Data of all acquired CBCT from 01.01.2017 to 27.06.2022 were screened. Exposure parameters (exposure time, exposure angle, milliampere (mA), kilovoltage (kV), field of view (FOV) size), dose area product (DAP), age, and sex of the patient were recorded anonymously. The collected data were analyzed mainly descriptively. Correlations measured the statistical relationships between the variables.ResultsA total of 10,348 CBCT datasets were analyzed. Patient age ranged from 5 to 96 years (mean: 49.4 years, SD: 21.6 years). The number of CBCTs in patients under 25 years was around 20% each year. In total, 10,313 (99.7%) CBCTs were acquired in small to medium FOV (FOV up to 10 cm of height), and 35 (0.3%) in large FOV (height > 10 cm). DAPs of small FOVs were 518.3 ± 233.2 mGycm2(mean ± SD), of medium FOV 1233 ± 502.2 mGycm2, and of large FOV 2189 ± 368.7 mGycm2. DAP (ρ = 0.4048,p < 0.0001) and kV (ρ = 0.0210,p = 0.0327) correlated positively with age. Reduced scan angle correlated with young age (rpb0.2729,p < 0.001). mA did not correlate with age (p = 0.3685).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that certain well-known radiation protection aspects as the reduction of FOV, mA, kV, and scan angle were only partly considered.Clinical relevanceKnown radiation protection aspects, especially in young patients, should be fully applied in regular clinical practice.
Gut microbiome resilience of green-lipped mussels, Perna canaliculus, to starvation
Authors: Li Siming , Young Tim , Archer Stephen , Lee Kevin , Alfaro Andrea C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Host gut microbiomes play an important role in animal health and resilience to conditions, such as malnutrition and starvation. These host-microbiome relationships are poorly understood in the marine mussel Perna canaliculus, which experiences significant variations in food quantity and quality in coastal areas. Prolonged starvation may be a contributory factor towards incidences of mass mortalities in farmed mussel populations, resulting in highly variable production costs and unreliable market supplies. Here, we examine the gut microbiota of P. canaliculus in response to starvation and subsequent re-feeding using high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Mussels showed no change in bacterial species richness when subjected to a 14-day starvation, followed by re-feeding/recovery. However, beta bacteria diversity revealed significant shifts (PERMANOVA p-value < 0.001) in community structure in the starvation group and no differences in the subsequent recovery group (compared to the control group) once they were re-fed, highlighting their recovery capability and resilience. Phylum-level community profiles revealed an elevation in dominance of Proteobacteria (ANCOM-BC p-value <0.001) and Bacteroidota (ANCOM-BC p-value = 0.04) and lower relative abundance of Cyanobacteria (ANCOM-BC p-value = 0.01) in the starvation group compared to control and recovery groups. The most abundant genus-level shifts revealed relative increases of the heterotroph Halioglobus (p-value < 0.05) and lowered abundances of the autotroph Synechococcus CC9902 in the starvation group. Furthermore, a SparCC correlation network identified co-occurrence of a cluster of genera with elevated relative abundance in the starved mussels that were positively correlated with Synechococcus CC9902. The findings from this work provide the first insights into the effect of starvation on the resilience capacity of Perna canaliculus gut microbiota, which is of central importance to understanding the effect of food variation and limitation in farmed mussels.
How complex is the hidden species diversity of the teleost Plotosus genus?
Authors: Froufe Elsa , Gomes-dos-Santos André , Matos Ana , Wilson Jonathan , Malakpourkolbadinezhad Salman , Pereira Daniel D. , Singer Randal , Castro L. Filipe C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe striped eel catfish, Plotosus lineatus was first described by Thunberg in 1787 from the Indo-Pacific region in the East Indian Ocean. Since then, the species has been recorded in various marine and brackish habitats in Japan, southern Korea, the Ogasawara Islands, Australia, Lord Howe Island, Palau and Yap in Micronesia, East Africa to Samoa, Madagascar, Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. Occurrences of this species have also been registered in the Mediterranean Sea, a non-native location, indicating a possible biological invasion event. Despite its long history, the taxonomic status of the P. lineatus species complex remains puzzling and uncertain. Here, we analysed all the available mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 sequences (NCBI and BOLD) from specimens covering the current known distribution range, in an attempt to clarify the evolutionary relationships of different lineages within this species. We deduce nine monophyletic Lineages - I–IX, of P. lineatus with Kimura-2P distances ranging from 2% to 16%, with a mean intraspecific distance of 6%. Strikingly, Lineage V is composed uniquely of Mediterranean-captured individuals, with an unknown evolutionary origin. These findings strongly suggest the need for a careful species taxonomic reassessment. Some Lineages are composed of individuals from specific geographic locations (e.g., Australia and Indonesia), while others include specimens from broader geographic areas (e.g., almost all Indo-Pacific coastline). Additionally, several deposited sequences are most likely the result of morphology-based misidentifications. Due to the biological invasive potential, as well as the use of the species as a valuable physiology model, the P. lineatus species complex requires further attention. Overall our study offers a clear framework for future comparative studies of striped eel catfish individuals captured from different ecosystems.
Martin-Löf identity types in C-systems
Authors: Voevodsky Vladimir 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper continues a series of papers that develop a new approach to syntax and semantics of dependent type theories. Here we study the interpretation of the rules of the identity types in the intensional Martin-Löf type theories on the C-systems that arise from universe categories. In the first part of the paper we develop constructions that produce interpretations of these rules from certain structures on universe categories while in the second we study the functoriality of these constructions with respect to functors of universe categories. The results of the first part of the paper play a crucial role in the construction of the univalent model of type theory in simplicial sets.
Factors associated with low uptake of safe male circumcision (SMC) and the intention not to undergo circumcision among men in Botswana
Authors: Ntsabane Mogomotsi , Letamo Gobopamang , Keetile Mpho 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aim
This paper investigates factors associated with low uptake of safe male circumcision (SMC) and the intention not to circumcise among men aged 15–64 years in Botswana.

Subject and methods
Data were collected during the 2013 Botswana AIDS Impact Survey (BAIS IV). For analysis, a sample of 3154 men was used to assess the association between being uncircumcised/not intending to undergo circumcision and different factors using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27. Logistic regression analysis results are presented as odds ratios together with their confidence intervals. All comparisons were statistically significant at p < 0.05.

Results
Results show that 25.1% of men reported that they were circumcised, while 50.5% did not intend to undergo circumcision. Multivariate analysis showed that several factors were significantly associated with being uncircumcised including age of 15–24 years (OR = 2.75, CI 1.82–4.19), residing in rural areas (OR = 1.31, CI 1.09–4.1.58), and having primary or less education (OR = 2.48, CI 1.87–3.30). Similarly, factors significantly associated with not intending to be circumcised included age of 34–44 years (OR = 1.60, CI 1.15–2.23), residing in urban areas (OR = 1.27, CI 1.02–1.58), and being married (OR = 1.61, CI 1.20–2.16). It was also observed that men who had not seen or heard of SMC in the past 4 weeks were 1.2 times more likely (OR = 1.27, CI 1.03–1.56) to report the intention not to undergo circumcision. On the other hand, men who indicated that they would not circumcise their male children under 18 years of age were 8.7 times more likely (OR = 8.70, CI 6.35–11.94) to report that they did not intend to circumcise.

Conclusion
Results from the study show high acceptability but low uptake of SMC. Some individual behavioral factors influencing circumcision status and decision whether to undergo circumcision were identified. Targeted interventions, continuous education, and expansion of the SMC programme are recommended, especially for older men and those in rural areas.
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek 1723–2023: a review to commemorate Van Leeuwenhoek’s death, 300 years ago
Authors: Robertson Lesley A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the 300 years since Van Leeuwenhoek died, some of the details around his life and his work have provided material for discussion or dispute. As archives and libraries are being scanned and technology improves, information is becoming more readily available. This review therefore aims to take a new look at some of those discussions, and Van Leeuwenhoek’s possible experimental methods. Digital photography has made it possible to show exactly what can be seen through his simple microscopes, and how he could have obtained his results by, for example, modifying his microscopes and lighting. Equally, the completion of the series known as the Collected Letters, begun in 1931 with volume 1 published in 1939 and to be completed in 2023, allows researchers to see complete letters in English and modern Dutch. Theories about experimental methods can be tested and the results recorded photographically. Additionally, new, non-destructive techniques such as neutron tomography have improved the evaluation of the authenticity of surviving microscopes.
Lean and Industry 4.0 mitigating common losses in Engineer-to-Order theory and practice: an exploratory study
Authors: Schulze Felix , Dallasega Patrick 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCompanies employing an Engineer-to-Order (ETO) manufacturing strategy often develop, design and produce complex goods in single or small batches based on an individual customer order. The increased complexity caused by project business multiplies the engineering, cost, and change management efforts that are often required, resulting in lost productivity and more non-value-adding activities. To improve efficiency and reduce losses, ETO organizations strive to implement Lean practices and Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies, but the relevant literature in ETO industrial context is more exploratory and contains less empirical data. Building on the preliminary work categorizing the common losses in ETO organizations, the study examined how these can be reduced by Lean and I4.0 practices. Current literature was analyzed, and empirical data was collected using a survey questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with 16 companies from the construction, shipbuilding, and machinery and plant manufacturing industries. The scientific literature was compared with the empirical data to find out whether Lean methods and I4.0 technologies are known in research but not applied in practice and vice versa. As a result, there are several practices from both domains applied in practice to reduce losses, but the analyzed literature indicates few successful implementations. Future research should aim to provide more empirical data on the application of Lean and I4.0 practices to mitigate losses in companies with an ETO strategy and provide best practices and guidelines.
Reconstruction of dental roots for implant planning purposes: a retrospective computational and radiographic assessment of single-implant cases
Authors: Brandenburg Leonard Simon , Georgii Joachim , Schmelzeisen Rainer , Spies Benedikt Christopher , Burkhardt Felix , Fuessinger Marc Anton , Rothweiler René Marcel , Gross Christian , Schlager Stefan , Metzger Marc Christian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the study was to assess the deviation between clinical implant axes (CIA) determined by a surgeon during preoperative planning and reconstructed tooth axes (RTA) of missing teeth which were automatically computed by a previously introduced anatomical SSM.

Methods
For this purpose all available planning datasets of single-implant cases of our clinic, which were planned with coDiagnostix Version 9.9 between 2018 and 2021, were collected for retrospective investigation. Informed consent was obtained. First, the intraoral scans of implant patients were annotated and subsequently analyzed using the SSM. The RTA, computed by the SSM, was then projected into the preoperative planning dataset. The amount and direction of spatial deviation between RTA and CIA were then measured.

Results
Thirty-five patients were implemented. The mean distance between the occlusal entry point of anterior and posterior implants and the RTA was 0.99 mm ± 0.78 mm and 1.19 mm ± 0.55, respectively. The mean angular deviation between the CIA of anterior and posterior implants and the RTA was 12.4° ± 3.85° and 5.27° ± 2.97° respectively. The deviations in anterior implant cases were systematic and could be corrected by computing a modified RTA (mRTA) with decreased deviations (0.99 mm ± 0.84 and 4.62° ± 1.95°). The safety distances of implants set along the (m)RTA to neighboring teeth were maintained in 30 of 35 cases.

Conclusion
The RTA estimated by the SSM revealed to be a viable implant axis for most of the posterior implant cases. As there are natural differences between the anatomical tooth axis and a desirable implant axis, modifications were necessary to correct the deviations which occurred in anterior implant cases. However, the presented approach is not applicable for clinical use and always requires manual optimization by the planning surgeon.
Finite groups with some solvable SNS-groups
Authors: Wang Wanlin , Guo Pengfei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA finite group G is called an SNS-group if every subgroup of G is either subnormal in G or self-normalizing. In this article, we investigate the structure of finite groups which are not SNS-groups but all of whose maximal subgroups of even order are SNS-groups. In addition, we determine the minimal simple groups all of whose second maximal subgroups (respectively, second maximal subgroups of even order) are SNS-groups.
Influence of preterm birth on the association between gestational diabetes mellitus and childhood developmental vulnerability: a causal mediation analysis
Authors: Duko Bereket , Gebremedhin Amanuel Tesfay , Tessema Gizachew Assefa , Pereira Gavin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Epidemiological studies examining the direct and indirect effects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on offspring early childhood developmental vulnerability are lacking. Therefore, the aims of this study were to estimate the direct and indirect effects of GDM (through preterm birth) on early childhood developmental vulnerability.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study on the association between gestational diabetes mellitus and early childhood developmental vulnerability in children born in Western Australia (WA) using maternal, infant and birth records from the Midwives Notification, Hospitalizations, Developmental Anomalies, and the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) databases. We used two aggregated outcome measures: developmentally vulnerable on at least one AEDC domain (DV1) and developmentally vulnerable on at least two AEDC domains (DV2). Causal mediation analysis was applied to estimate the natural direct (NDE), indirect (NIE), and total (TE) effects as relative risks (RR).

Results
In the whole cohort (n = 64,356), approximately 22% were classified as DV1 and 11% as DV2 on AEDC domains. Estimates of the natural direct effect suggested that children exposed to GDM were more likely to be classified as DV1 (RR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.10–1.31) and DV2 (RR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.19–1.50) after adjusting for potential confounders. About 6% and 4% of the effect of GDM on early childhood developmental vulnerability was mediated by preterm birth for DV1 and DV2, respectively.

Conclusion
Children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus were more likely to be developmentally vulnerable in one or more AEDC domains. The biological mechanism for these associations is not well explained by mediation through preterm birth.