bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correction factor for determining mean velocity of shallow flow on rough surfaces under varying inundation conditions using dye tracer method
Authors: Fan Dengxing , Yu Xinxiao , Jia Guodong , Zheng Pengfei , Wu Ningshan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAccurate estimation of mean flow velocity is crucial for hydraulics and soil erosion studies. A correction factor (α) is required to convert flow surface velocity to mean velocity when using the dye tracer method. However, the determination of an appropriate α value is challenging and little information is available about how α varies with progressive inundation conditions, especially for rough surfaces with protruding roughness elements (e.g., stones). Therefore, laboratory experiments were conducted in a flume with sandpaper (SD) and stones (ST) surfaces to investigate the impact of roughness elements on the correction factor with varying inundation conditions. The results showed that using a single α value is inappropriate for rough surfaces. The correction factor was positively correlated with the Reynolds number and is controlled by flow regimes as well. Moreover, the impacts of inundation conditions as well as protruding roughness elements should be taken into account for determining α. Correction factor varied non‐monotonically with inundation ratio, depending on the progressive inundation status of protruding roughness elements. The developed equations introducing the inundation ratio performed well in predicting α, with R2 = 0.86 and NSE = 0.91. The results contribute to our understanding of measuring mean flow velocity using the dye tracer method.
Application of encapsulated Indigofera tinctoria extract as a natural antioxidant and colorant in ice cream
Authors: Shadordizadeh Talieh , Mahdian Elham , Hesarinejad Mohammad Ali 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this study, Indigofera tinctoria extract (ITLE) along with maltodextrin in different concentrations was encapsulated using a freeze dryer, and some physicochemical properties were measured. Powder containing 30% maltodextrin was selected as the optimal powder for use in ice‐cream production in four levels (0%–1.8%), and some quality parameters were examined. The results showed that with increasing the carrier concentration, moisture content, aw, solubility, a*, and b* of the powders decreased; bulk density, tapped density, and L* did not change significantly; total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of powders also increased significantly (p < .05). Addition of encapsulated ITLE to the ice cream caused a significant decrease in L*, b*, and melting rate, a significant increase in a*, overrun, and hardness of the samples and no change in the viscosity of the ice‐cream mix (p < .05). Ice cream containing 1.2% encapsulated ITLE had higher sensory acceptance than other levels following control ice cream. The results of this study showed that ITLE can be used as a desirable additive in the production as a natural antioxidant and color agent.
Developmental and aging resting functional magnetic resonance imaging brain state adaptations in adolescents and adults: A large N (>47K) study
Authors: Abrol Anees , Fu Zening , Du Yuhui , Wilson Tony W. , Wang Yu‐Ping , Stephen Julia M. , Calhoun Vince D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe brain's functional architecture and organization undergo continual development and modification throughout adolescence. While it is well known that multiple factors govern brain maturation, the constantly evolving patterns of time‐resolved functional connectivity are still unclear and understudied. We systematically evaluated over 47,000 youth and adult brains to bridge this gap, highlighting replicable time‐resolved developmental and aging functional brain patterns. The largest difference between the two life stages was captured in a brain state that indicated coherent strengthening and modularization of functional coupling within the auditory, visual, and motor subdomains, supplemented by anticorrelation with other subdomains in adults. This distinctive pattern, which we replicated in independent data, was consistently less modular or absent in children and presented a negative association with age in adults, thus indicating an overall inverted U‐shaped trajectory. This indicates greater synchrony, strengthening, modularization, and integration of the brain's functional connections beyond adolescence, and gradual decline of this pattern during the healthy aging process. We also found evidence that the developmental changes may also bring along a departure from the canonical static functional connectivity pattern in favor of more efficient and modularized utilization of the vast brain interconnections. State‐based statistical summary measures presented robust and significant group differences that also showed significant age‐related associations. The findings reported in this article support the idea of gradual developmental and aging brain state adaptation processes in different phases of life and warrant future research via lifespan studies to further authenticate the projected time‐resolved brain state trajectories.
Stereoselective Synthesis and Biological Profile of All Stereoisomers of Lactam Analogues of Strigolactones GR24 and GR18
Authors: Quinodoz Pierre , Lumbroso Alexandre , Lachia Mathilde , Screpanti Claudio , Rendine Stefano , Horoz Beyza , Bozoflu Mert , Catak Saron , Fonné‐Pfister Raymonde , Hermann Katrin , De Mesmaeker Alain 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStrigolactones (SLs) are signaling molecules involved in plant development and governing interactions with soil microorganisms in the rhizosphere as well as the germination of parasitic weeds. Developing their use in Crop Protection is a promising approach to a sustainable agriculture by mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses. Recently, a new class of lactam analogues of SL has emerged, namely strigolactams, displaying outstanding potency to induce the germination of parasitic weed O. cumana as well as enhanced chemical and soil stability. Herein, we describe the stereoselective synthesis of GR24 and GR18 lactams harnessing the chemistry of chiral keteniminium (KI) salts, in particular the unprecedented reactivity of chloro‐substituted KI, supported by DFT calculations. We disclose subsequently the biological activity on corn of the 32 stereopure strigolactams prepared, highlighting the crucial influence of stereochemistry and lactam substitution, rationalized by docking analyses. Finally, we performed stability studies in soil, which reveal that stereoisomers display very different half‐lives, reflecting the significant impact of stereochemistry on degradation kinetics.
A proposed approach to defining per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) based on molecular structure and formula
Authors: Gaines Linda G. T. , Sinclair Gabriel , Williams Antony J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Various groups and researchers, including the authors of this work, have proposed different definitions of what constitutes per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The different definitions are all based on a structural definition. Although a structural definition is reasonable, such an approach is difficult to execute if the intent is to narrow or refine the definition. This approach can also lead to inexplicable demarcations of what are and what are not PFAS. Our objective was to create a narrow, simple PFAS definition that allows interested groups to communicate with a common understanding and will also serve as a starting point to focus on substances that are of real environmental concern. Our studies have demonstrated that numerous highly fluorinated complex structures exist that make a structure-based definition difficult. We suggest that a definition based on fractional fluorination expressed as the percentage of fluorine of a molecular formula using atom counting offers advantages. Using a combination of a structure-based definition and a definition based on the fractional percentage of the molecular formula that is fluorine can provide a more inclusive and succinct definition. Thus, we propose a new definition based on four substructures along with any structures where the molecular formula is 30% fluorine by atom count. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1333–1347. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Assessment of the mechanical role of cranial sutures in the mammalian skull: Computational biomechanical modelling of the rat skull
Authors: Sharp Alana C. , Dutel Hugo , Watson Peter J. , Gröning Flora , Crumpton Nick , Fagan Michael J. , Evans Susan E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCranial sutures are fibrocellular joints between the skull bones that are progressively replaced with bone throughout ontogeny, facilitating growth and cranial shape change. This transition from soft tissue to bone is reflected in the biomechanical properties of the craniofacial complex. However, the mechanical significance of cranial sutures has only been explored at a few localised areas within the mammalian skull, and as such our understanding of suture function in overall skull biomechanics is still limited. Here, we sought to determine how the overall strain environment is affected by the complex network of cranial sutures in the mammal skull. We combined two computational biomechanical methods, multibody dynamics analysis and finite element analysis, to simulate biting in a rat skull and compared models with and without cranial sutures. Our results show that including complex sutures in the rat model does not substantially change overall strain gradients across the cranium, particularly strain magnitudes in the bones overlying the brain. However, local variations in strain magnitudes and patterns can be observed in areas close to the sutures. These results show that, during feeding, sutures may be more important in some regions than others. Sutures should therefore be included in models that require accurate local strain magnitudes and patterns of cranial strain, particularly if models are developed for analysis of specific regions, such as the temporomandibular joint or zygomatic arch. Our results suggest that, for mammalian skulls, cranial sutures might be more important for allowing brain expansion during growth than redistributing biting loads across the cranium in adults.
Advances in conduits and anastomotic techniques employed in esophageal cancer resections: A review
Authors: Soriano Carlos , Wee Jon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEsophageal surgery has evolved significantly since the first esophagectomy, with advancements in diagnosis allowing medicine to keep pace with the disease's increasing incidence. Multimodal treatment improves outcomes, but surgical resection remains imperative for local control, with various techniques in existence but none demonstrating clear superiority. More recently, minimally invasive and robotic surgery have further reduced perioperative morbidity. This review discusses techniques for esophageal resection, with attention to the options available for anastomosis and reconstructive conduits.
MRI‐based degeneration grades for lumbar facet joints do not correlate with cartilage mechanics
Authors: Middendorf Jill M. , Barocas Victor H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundLumbar facet joint arthritis is characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage, loss of joint spacing, and increased boney spur formation. These signs of facet joint degeneration have been previously measured using destructive biochemical and mechanical analysis. Nondestructive clinical evaluation of the facet joint has also been performed using MRI scoring, which ranks the health of the facet joint using the Fujiwara scale. However, nondestructive clinical evaluation of facet joint arthritis using standard MRI scoring provides low resolution images which result in high interobserver variability. Therefore, to assess the accuracy of nondestructive MRI analysis with regard to the health of the facet joint, this study determined whether any correlations existed between lumbar facet joint articular cartilage mechanics, facet articular cartilage biochemical signatures, and Fujiwara scores.Materials and MethodTo accomplish this aim, human cadaveric lumbar spines were obtained and imaged using T1 MRI, then independently scored by three spine researchers. An osteochondral plug from each of the L2 thru L5 facet joints was obtained and loaded under unconfined compression.ResultsThe experiments showed no trends between histological images and changes in the Fujiwara score. The mechanical properties of articular cartilage (thickness, Young's modulus, instantaneous modulus, and permeability) also had no correlations with the Fujiwara score.ConclusionsThese results show that the current Fujiwara score cannot accurately describe the biomechanics or biochemical composition of facet joint articular cartilage.
Metal Coordination in Polyimine Covalent Adaptable Networks for Tunable Material Properties and Enhanced Creep Resistance
Authors: Schoustra Sybren K. , Smulders Maarten M. J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCovalent adaptable networks (CANs) can replace classical thermosets, as their unique dynamic covalent bonds enable recyclable crosslinked polymers. Their creep susceptibility, however, hampers their application. Herein, an efficient strategy to enhance creep resistance of CANs via metal coordination to dynamic covalent imines is demonstrated. Crucially, the coordination bonds not only form additional crosslinks, but also affect the imine exchange. This dual effect results in enhanced glass transition temperature (Tg), elasticmodulus (G′) and creep resistance. The robustness of metal coordination is demonstrated by varying metal ion, counter anion, and coordinating imine ligand. All variations in metal or anion significantly enhance the material properties. The Tg and G′ of the CANs are correlated to the coordination bond strength, offering a tunable handle by which choice of metal can steer material properties. Additionally, large differences in Tg and G′ are observed for materials with different anions, which are mostly linked to the anion size. This serves as a reminder that for coordination chemistry in the bulk, not only the metal ion is to be considered, but also the accompanying anion. Finally, the reinforcing effect of metal coordination is proved insensitive to the metal–ligand ratio, emphasizing the robustness of the applied method.
Semi‐supervised training using cooperative labeling of weakly annotated data for nodule detection in chest CT
Authors: Maynord Michael , Farhangi M. Mehdi , Fermüller Cornelia , Aloimonos Yiannis , Levine Gary , Petrick Nicholas , Sahiner Berkman , Pezeshk Aria 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeMachine learning algorithms are best trained with large quantities of accurately annotated samples. While natural scene images can often be labeled relatively cheaply and at large scale, obtaining accurate annotations for medical images is both time consuming and expensive. In this study, we propose a cooperative labeling method that allows us to make use of weakly annotated medical imaging data for the training of a machine learning algorithm. As most clinically produced data are weakly‐annotated – produced for use by humans rather than machines and lacking information machine learning depends upon – this approach allows us to incorporate a wider range of clinical data and thereby increase the training set size.MethodsOur pseudo‐labeling method consists of multiple stages. In the first stage, a previously established network is trained using a limited number of samples with high‐quality expert‐produced annotations. This network is used to generate annotations for a separate larger dataset that contains only weakly annotated scans. In the second stage, by cross‐checking the two types of annotations against each other, we obtain higher‐fidelity annotations. In the third stage, we extract training data from the weakly annotated scans, and combine it with the fully annotated data, producing a larger training dataset. We use this larger dataset to develop a computer‐aided detection (CADe) system for nodule detection in chest CT.ResultsWe evaluated the proposed approach by presenting the network with different numbers of expert‐annotated scans in training and then testing the CADe using an independent expert‐annotated dataset. We demonstrate that when availability of expert annotations is severely limited, the inclusion of weakly‐labeled data leads to a 5% improvement in the competitive performance metric (CPM), defined as the average of sensitivities at different false‐positive rates.ConclusionsOur proposed approach can effectively merge a weakly‐annotated dataset with a small, well‐annotated dataset for algorithm training. This approach can help enlarge limited training data by leveraging the large amount of weakly labeled data typically generated in clinical image interpretation.
Obesity and metabolic dysfunction correlate with background parenchymal enhancement in premenopausal women
Authors: Brown Justin C. , Ligibel Jennifer A. , Crane Tracy E. , Kontos Despina , Yang Shengping , Conant Emily F. , Mack Julie A. , Ahima Rexford S. , Schmitz Kathryn H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study tested the hypothesis that obesity and metabolic abnormalities correlate with background parenchymal enhancement (BPE), the volume and intensity of enhancing fibroglandular breast tissue on dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.MethodsParticipants included 59 premenopausal women at high risk of breast cancer. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Metabolic parameters included dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry‐quantified body composition, plasma biomarkers of insulin resistance, adipokines, inflammation, lipids, and urinary sex hormones. BPE was assessed using computerized algorithms on dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsBMI was positively correlated with BPE (r = 0.69; p < 0.001); participants with obesity had higher BPE than those without obesity (404.9 ± 189.6 vs. 261.8 ± 143.8 cm2; Δ: 143.1 cm2 [95% CI: 49.5‐236.7]; p = 0.003). Total body fat mass (r = 0.68; p < 0.001), body fat percentage (r = 0.64; p < 0.001), visceral adipose tissue area (r = 0.65; p < 0.001), subcutaneous adipose tissue area (r = 0.60; p < 0.001), insulin (r = 0.59; p < 0.001), glucose (r = 0.35; p = 0.011), homeostatic model of insulin resistance (r = 0.62; p < 0.001), and leptin (r = 0.60; p < 0.001) were positively correlated with BPE. Adiponectin (r = −0.44; p < 0.001) was negatively correlated with BPE. Plasma biomarkers of inflammation and lipids and urinary sex hormones were not correlated with BPE.ConclusionsIn premenopausal women at high risk of breast cancer, increased BPE is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, leptin, and adiponectin.
Synthesis and properties of transparent poly(ester‐amide‐imide)s from tert‐butylhydroquinone bis(trimellitate anhydride) and p‐phthaloyl chloride
Authors: Wen Yaqing , Lu Chunshan , Chen Guofei , Fang Xingzhong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTwo series of poly(ester‐amide‐imide)s (PEsAIs) with simultaneously bulky side groups, ester and amide bonds were synthesized by copolymerization of tert‐butylhydroquinone bis(trimellitate anhydride), p‐phthaloyl chloride and other monomers. These PEsAIs had glass transition temperatures (Tgs) in the range of 231–301 °C, coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of 17–59 ppm K−1 and displayed good mechanical properties with tensile modulus of 2.6–4.5 GPa, tensile strengths of 63–143 MPa and elongations at break of 3.0%–11.7%. All films had good transparency with transmittances at 400 nm (T400nm) of 43%–80%. The introduction of p‐phthaloyl chloride successfully improved the properties of the polymer with higher transmittance, higher Tg and lower CTE. In particular, PEsAI‐b‐60 presented the best comprehensive performance with a moderate Tg of 301 °C, low CTE of 17 ppm K−1 and high transmittance (T400nm) of 75%. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
‘FLLA11019‐8’: A new dual‐purpose facultative oat cultivar for grain and forage production in the southern United States
Authors: Babar Md Ali , Harrison Stephen A. , Blount Ann , Barnett Ronald D. , Johnson Jerry , Mergoum Mohamed , Mailhot Daniel J. , Murphy J. Paul , Mason Richard E. , Ibrahim Amir , Sutton Russell , Simoneaux Bryan , Boyles Richard , Stancil Brad , Marshall David , Fountain Myron , Klos Kathy Esvelt , Khan Naeem , Wallau Marcelo , Jordan Henry G. , Ma Xuefeng , Arbelaez Juan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract‘FLLA11019‐8’ (Reg. no. CV‐386, PI 700040) is new facultative oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivar for the southern United States for forage, grain, cover, and wildlife food crop uses. It was co‐developed by the University of Florida and Louisiana State University Agricultural Center and was released in 2020 under the SunGrains, a cooperative small grain breeding program among seven Southern Universities. This line was derived from a single cross between two advanced breeding lines, FL0564‐Ab13 and LA06071SBSB‐S1. Exclusive marketing rights were granted to Ragan & Massey, Inc., and the line is currently commercializing under the names of RAM Forage Oats and PlotSpike Forage Oats. The University of Florida is the lead institution in this release. FLLA11019‐8 (originally named FLLA11‐19S‐8) was developed using the selected bulk breeding method and was selected as an F5:6 head row. The line was evaluated in observation, preliminary, advanced, regional, and state grain and forage yield trials from 2016 to 2021. FLLA11019‐8 was released based on the merits of its broad adaptation, excellent grain yield, volume weight, forage potential, and winter survival. It is resistant to crown rust and stem rust and moderately resistant to Barley yellow dwarf virus. It is a mid‐maturing and mid‐tall height variety. FLLA11019‐8 has semi‐prostrate plant type with vigorous early‐season growth and high tillering capacity. It has performed very well in both grain and forage trials and is broadly adapted to the southern and southeastern United States.
Counter‐intuitive enhancement of degradation of polyethylene terephthalate through engineering of lowered enzyme binding to solid plastic
Authors: Mrigwani Arpita , Thakur Bhishem , Guptasarma Purnananda 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDegradation of solid polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by leaf branch compost cutinase (LCC) produces various PET‐derived degradation intermediates (DIs), in addition to terephthalic acid (TPA), which is the recyclable terminal product of all PET degradation. Although DIs can also be converted into TPA, in solution, by LCC, the TPA that is obtained through enzymatic degradation of PET, in practice, is always contaminated by DIs. Here, we demonstrate that the primary reason for non‐degradation of DIs into TPA in solution is the efficient binding of LCC onto the surface of solid PET. Although such binding enhances the degradation of solid PET, it depletes the surrounding solution of enzyme that could otherwise have converted DIs into TPA. To retain a subpopulation of enzyme in solution that would mainly degrade DIs, we introduced mutations to reduce the hydrophobicity of areas surrounding LCC's active site, with the express intention of reducing LCC's binding to solid PET. Despite the consequent reduction in invasion and degradation of solid PET, overall levels of production of TPA were ~3.6‐fold higher, due to the partitioning of enzyme between solid PET and the surrounding solution, and the consequent heightened production of TPA from DIs. Further, synergy between such mutated LCC (F125L/F243I LCC) and wild‐type LCC resulted in even higher yields, and TPA of nearly ~100% purity.