bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sydenham chorea in the top end of Australia's Northern Territory: A 20‐year retrospective case series
Authors: Soller Tasmyn , Roberts Kathryn V , Middleton Bianca F , Ralph Anna P 
Published: August 2023

AimSydenham chorea is an immune‐mediated neuropsychiatric condition, and a major criterion for diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever (ARF). Children in remote Northern Australia experience disproportionately high rates of ARF, yet studies looking at the epidemiology, clinical presentation and management of Sydenham chorea are limited in this population.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective case series from January 2002 to April 2022 of all paediatric patients aged ≤18 years admitted to Royal Darwin Hospital with Sydenham chorea. Cases were identified using the hospital's clinical coding system (ICD10). Medical records were reviewed and data on demographics, clinical presentation, investigation results, treatment and outcome were extracted, deidentified and analysed.ResultsOne hundred ten presentations of Sydenham chorea occurred between 2002 and 2022, 109 (99%) of these were in First Nations children, with 85% residing in very remote locations. Most commonly, chorea presented as a generalised movement disorder affecting all four limbs (49%). Neuropsychiatric symptoms were reported in 33 (30%), and there was evidence of rheumatic heart disease on echocardiogram in 86 (78%) at presentation. All patients received benzathine penicillin, but there was significant variation in management of chorea, ranging from supportive management, to symptomatic management with anticonvulsants, to immunomodulatory medications including corticosteroids.ConclusionThis case series highlights the significant burden of Sydenham chorea among First Nations children living in Northern Australia and demonstrates wide variation in treatment approaches. High‐quality clinical trials are required to determine the best treatment for this disabling condition.
Chewing gum base: A comprehensive review of composition, production, and assessment methods: Advances and approaches in biodegradability
Authors: Kaveh Mona , Yeganehzad Samira , Rabie Ashkezary Mansour , Hesarinejad Mohammad Ali , Todaro Aldo , Nishinari Katsuyoshi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe gum base mass is a colloidal system and the main component of chewing gum; which is an inert, non‐nutritious, indigestible, and insoluble part of chewing gum, therefore this substance does not dissolve in the mouth when chewed. The gum base plays the most crucial role in determining the mechanical properties, flexibility, and overall quality of chewing gum. Moreover, it acts as a delivery system to transport sweeteners, flavorings, and other ingredients in chewing gum. Despite the massive market for chewing gum and the provision of a list of the main ingredients in gum base by the Code of Federal Regulations and some international organizations, there is a lack of information about chewing gum base and its compositions in the literature. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to present an overview of the characteristics, ingredients and applications, production process, assessment, and modification methods of the gum base along with the advances and approaches in biodegradability. Biodegradability concerns play a promoting role in the research and development of chewing gum and its applications in the food industry, medical and dental sectors. Reviewing previous studies can surely help for faster development of this path.
Triploid burbot, Lota lota, production: Optimization of thermal and hydrostatic parameters, tetraploid induction, and confirmation of triploid sterility
Authors: Oliver Luke P. , Evavold Joseph T. , Cain Kenneth D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExperiments were conducted to optimize triploid induction parameters, and assess triploid sterility, in burbot. Duration and timing of shocks were based on degree minutes, temperature multiplied by time, denoted as °C min. Hydrostatic shock experiments investigated the duration of shock using 7500 or 8500 psi at 180°C min post‐fertilization. Thermal shocks investigated duration of shock and post‐fertilization shock timing using a shock of 16°C. Sterility experiments investigated egg survival when diploids were crossed with triploids. Hydrostatic shock of 7500 psi for 10 or 20°C min can induce triploidy ≥90% and exhibits survival that is statistically similar, p ≤ 0.05, to controls. Hydrostatic shock of 8500 psi for 5 or 10°C min yielded triploid induction of 93% and 100%, respectively, with survival that is statistically similar to controls, p ≤ 0.05. Thermal induction experiments indicated shocks at 120°C min post‐fertilization, for durations between 350 and 450°C min, have potential to induce triploidy ≥90% while facilitating survival statistically similar to controls, p ≤ 0.05. Induction of tetraploidy was observed. Sterility experiments determined that triploid burbot are functionally sterile. These results may allow production of burbot where sterility is required.
Three decades of research on Iberian wild Carnivora: trends, highlights, and future directions
Authors: Rosalino Luís M. , Matias Gonçalo , Carvalho João , Álvares Francisco , Azevedo Alexandre , Bandeira Victor , Fernandes Carlos , Ferreras Pablo , Gortázar Christian , Lozano Jorge , Monterroso Pedro , Palomares Francisco , Santos Nuno , Serra Rodrigo , da Silva André Pinto , Virgós Emílio , Santos‐Reis Margarida 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Mammalian carnivores (Carnivora) are crucial components of landscapes, because of both their top‐down effects on lower trophic level species and their sensitivity to bottom‐up processes, such as limited food resources (e.g. due to climate instability). To understand their functional role in Iberian ecosystems more clearly, and to define effective plans for their management and conservation, it is crucial to sum up the available regional knowledge that can inform decision‐making processes.

We review bio‐ecological research on wild Iberian carnivores over 30 years (1990–2020) and identify key knowledge gaps and priority avenues for future research. Based on a systematic review of the scientific literature, we aimed to: 1) summarise current knowledge; 2) assess species and ecoregion representativeness; 3) identify key research topics addressed and those lacking investment and 4) suggest key future research priorities.

We examined 920 peer‐reviewed articles involving wild Iberian mammalian carnivores, focusing on different bio‐ecological issues. We found considerable heterogeneity in the topics and species investigated, as well as in the study areas (ecoregions) explored, with a mismatch between the research priorities identified by researchers and the knowledge gaps.

We suggest that future research should prioritise: 1) rear‐edge populations that are at the southwestern limits of the species' Eurasian range, thus being particularly sensitive to the increasing fragmentation and aridity of Iberian ecosystems, and that were less studied (e.g. brown bear Ursus arctos, stoat Mustela erminea, European mink Mustela lutreola and pine marten Martes martes); 2) less‐studied topics, such as morphometry and body condition, ecophysiology, and reproductive biology, all of which provide essential information for species' management and conservation and 3) specific ecoregions for which studies on species' adaptations to environmental and anthropic contexts are lacking (e.g. northern ecoregions of Iberia, Iberian conifer forests and Northwest Iberian montane forests). Our review provides the necessary background to support future research on carnivore populations in Iberia.
Can Japanese learners of English comprehend inflectional and derivational forms in listening? Testing the validity of the word family counting unit
Authors: Kim Young Ae , Stoeckel Tim , McLean Stuart 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn second language (L2) research, the lexical unit is often defined as a base word plus inflectional and derivational forms through Level 6 of Bauer and Nation's framework (WF6). WF6 use has been justified by the assumption that once a form is known, recognition of other WF6 members requires little extra effort. A more lenient view holds that an incomplete understanding of derivational forms is permissible if words containing the most frequent derivational affixes are known. This study assessed the validity of these views for L2 listening. Participants (N = 120) provided translations of 27 base words and 43 related affixational forms when listening. When participants knew one form (either the base word or an affixed form) they also knew the other just 25.1% of the time. For target words containing the most frequent derivational affixes, this was just 26.5%. Logistic regression found that learners’ overall vocabulary level, several aspects of word frequency, and base word knowledge were all significant predictors of knowing affixed forms. However, when other variables were held constant, base word knowledge was a weak predictor of affixational form knowledge. These findings support neither the strict assumption nor the more lenient view of WF6 use for L2 listening among study participants.
The influences of sociocultural norms on women's decision to disclose intimate partner violence: Integrative review
Authors: Güler Ayşe , Lee Rebecca C. , Rojas‐Guyler Liliana , Lambert Joshua , Smith Carolyn R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSociocultural norms against women can contribute to promoting intimate partner violence (IPV) and shape women's decision to disclose IPV. A cross‐cultural analysis of the existing literature is needed to present an overview of the influences of sociocultural norms on women's decisions regarding the disclosure of IPV across different cultural contexts. The purpose of the review was to synthesize published quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods (MMs) studies to identify known sociocultural norms across different cultures that may influence women's decision to disclose IPV. The Whittemore and Knafl framework, Rayyan software, and PRISMA flow diagram were used. Databases included APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, PubMed, SocINDEX, and Women's Studies International. The quality of studies was assessed by the MMs appraisal tool. A total of 15 research articles written in English and published in peer‐reviewed journals were included. Main categories emerged: (1) stigma surrounding IPV disclosure, victimization, and divorce; (2) gender roles; (3) preserving family honor; and (4) Children's well‐being and future. A one‐size‐fits‐all approach is not adequate for women who are considering disclosing IPV. Findings underscore that regardless of residing in individualistic countries, those sociocultural norms related to traditional gender roles and gender inequality are still important barriers to the disclosure of IPV among women with collectivist roots.
ZmBELL10 interacts with other ZmBELLs and recognizes specific motifs for transcriptional activation to modulate internode patterning in maize
Authors: Yu Jia , Song Guangshu , Guo Weijun , Le Liang , Xu Fan , Wang Ting , Wang Fanhua , Wu Yue , Gu Xiaofeng , Pu Li 
Published: August 2023

Summary
Plant height is an important agronomic trait that affects crop yield. Elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying plant height regulation is also an important question in developmental biology.
Here, we report that a BELL transcription factor, ZmBELL10, positively regulates plant height in maize (Zea mays). Loss of ZmBELL10 function resulted in shorter internodes, fewer nodes, and smaller kernels, while ZmBELL10 overexpression increased plant height and hundred‐kernel weight. Transcriptome analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing showed that ZmBELL10 recognizes specific sequences in the promoter of its target genes and activates cell division‐ and cell elongation‐related gene expression, thereby influencing node number and internode length in maize.
ZmBELL10 interacted with several other ZmBELL proteins via a spatial structure in its POX domain to form protein complexes involving ZmBELL10. All interacting proteins recognized the same DNA sequences, and their interaction with ZmBELL10 increased target gene expression. We identified the key residues in the POX domain of ZmBELL10 responsible for its protein–protein interactions, but these residues did not affect its transactivation activity.
Collectively, our findings shed light on the functions of ZmBELL10 protein complexes and provide potential targets for improving plant architecture and yield in maize.
Measurement error effects on estimates from linear and nonlinear regression whole‐stand yield models
Authors: Zobel John M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSystems of whole‐stand yield models facilitate projections of forest attributes, but their inputs may be difficult to measure accurately. This study conducted sensitivity analyses to examine the effect of systematic and stochastic measurement errors on outputs from a representative system of equations. Simulated error was added to explanatory variables stand age, site index, or both. Results showed that large systematic error in one variable tended to produce moderate to large percent changes in all models, particularly the height and volume equations (often >50% change). Systematic error in both variables amplified this effect, especially for young, less productive stands. Stochastic error dramatically increased estimate variability (some relative standard errors >50%), particularly in the height and volume models at young ages and low site indices. These results suggest that measurement error may considerably alter projections and increase uncertainty when using whole‐stand yield models, highlighting the need for careful crew training.
Multifaceted roles of T cells in obesity and obesity‐related complications: A narrative review
Authors: Qi Xinrui , Li Zhangwang , Han Jiashu , Liu Wenqing , Xia Panpan , Cai Xia , Liu Xiao , Liu Xu , Zhang Jing , Yu Peng 
Published: August 2023

SummaryObesity is characterized by chronic low‐grade inflammatory responses in the adipose tissue, accompanied by pronounced insulin resistance and metabolic anomalies. It affects almost all body organs and eventually leads to diseases such as fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis. Recently, T cells have emerged as interesting therapeutic targets because the dysfunction of T cells and their cytokines in the adipose tissue is implicated in obesity‐induced inflammation and their complicated onset. Although several recent narrative reviews have provided a brief overview of related evidence in this area, they have mainly focused on either obesity‐associated T cell metabolism or modulation of T cell activation in obesity. Moreover, at present, no published review has reported on the multifaceted roles of T cells in obesity and obesity‐related complications, even though there has been a significant increase in studies on this topic since 2019. Therefore, this narrative review aims to comprehensively summarize current advances in the mechanistic roles of T cells in the development of obesity and its related complications. Further, we aim to discuss relevant drugs for weight loss as well as the contradictory role of T cells in the same disease so as to highlight key findings regarding this topic and provide a valid basis for future treatment strategies.
One‐year results for myopia control with aspheric base curve orthokeratology lenses: A prospective randomised clinical trial
Authors: Liu Tong , Chen Changxu , Ma Wei , Yang Bi , Wang Xi , Liu Longqian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeTo compare the effect of orthokeratology (ortho‐k) using aspheric or spherical base curve (BCA vs. BCS) contact lenses on axial elongation and the relative peripheral refraction change (RPRC) in Chinese children.MethodsChildren aged 8–12 years with myopia between −0.75 and −4.00 D and astigmatism ≤1.00 D were randomly assigned to the BCA or BCS group. Peripheral refraction was assessed at 10°, 20° and 30° along the temporal and nasal retina at baseline and at the 12‐month visit. Axial length (AL) was measured under cycloplegia at baseline and at the 6‐ and 12‐month visits. Only right eye data were analysed. Repeated‐measures analysis of covariance was performed to examine the differences in axial elongation and the RPRC between the BCA and BCS groups.ResultsThe 1‐year results from 31 BCA and 32 BCS subjects were analysed. No significant between‐group differences were found at baseline (p ≥ 0.28). At the 12‐month visit, the BCA lens produced a greater absolute RPRC along the horizontal meridian than the BCS lens (p < 0.001). Axial elongation was slower in the BCA group (0.19 ± 0.20 mm) than in the BCS group (0.29 ± 0.14 mm; p = 0.03). Axial elongation was correlated with the RPRC at 10° (r = 0.43, p = 0.02) and 20° (r = 0.39, p = 0.03) along the temporal retina in the BCA group; however, these correlations were not observed in the BCS group.ConclusionThe BCA ortho‐k lens could improve the efficacy of slowing axial elongation in children. The improved myopia control observed in the BCA group may be the result of a larger myopic shift in relative peripheral refraction within 20° along the temporal retina.
Septal scar as a barrier to left bundle branch area pacing
Authors: Ali Nadine , Arnold Ahran D. , Miyazawa Alejandra A. , Keene Daniel , Peters Nicholas S. , Kanagaratnam Prapa , Qureshi Norman , Ng Fu Siong , Linton Nick W. F. , Lefroy David C. , Francis Darrel P. , Lim Phang Boon , Kellman Peter , Tanner Mark A. , Muthumala Amal , Shun‐Shin Matthew , Whinnett Zachary I. , Cole Graham D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe use of left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) for bradycardia pacing and cardiac resynchronization is increasing, but implants are not always successful. We prospectively studied consecutive patients to determine whether septal scar contributes to implant failure.MethodsPatients scheduled for bradycardia pacing or cardiac resynchronization therapy were prospectively enrolled. Recruited patients underwent preprocedural scar assessment by cardiac MRI with late gadolinium enhancement imaging. LBBAP was attempted using a lumenless lead (Medtronic 3830) via a transeptal approach.ResultsThirty‐five patients were recruited: 29 male, mean age 68 years, 10 ischemic, and 16 non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy. Pacing indication was bradycardia in 26% and cardiac resynchronization in 74%. The lead was successfully deployed to the left ventricular septum in 30/35 (86%) and unsuccessful in the remaining 5/35 (14%). Septal late gadolinium enhancement was significantly less extensive in patients where left septal lead deployment was successful, compared those where it was unsuccessful (median 8%, IQR 2%–18% vs. median 54%, IQR 53%–57%, p < .001).ConclusionsThe presence of septal scar appears to make it more challenging to deploy a lead to the left ventricular septum via the transeptal route. Additional implant tools or alternative approaches may be required in patients with extensive septal scar.
Challenges of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter ablation in patients with pectus excavatum
Authors: Iyengar Sumedh , Reddy Sudeepthi , Khetarpal Banveet Kaur , Elzamar Mohamed , Srivathsan Komandoor 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) may be associated with chest wall abnormalities such as pectus excavatum (PE). Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) has proven to be a useful strategy for radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of AF. However, the presence of chest wall abnormalities, such as pectus excavatum, imposes certain challenges during ablation due to the anatomic distortion that it causes. We highlight these challenges during ablation in this three‐patient case series.
Genetic dissection of endosperm hydration in malting barley (Hordeum vulgare)
Authors: Jensen Joseph , Turner Hannah , Lachowiec Jennifer , Lutgen Greg , Yin Xiang S. , Sherman Jamie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHydration of the endosperm is a critical part of the malting process that ensures proper modification of the grain. However, little is known about the genetic controls of endosperm hydration and its relationship to agronomic and malt quality traits. The extent of endosperm hydration is estimated through hydration index (HYI). We measured HYI, agronomic, and malt quality traits on a 169‐line subset of the NSGC Barley Core Panel, which includes global malt lines, some dating from the inception of European breeding programmes. Utilizing GWAS, 61 QTLs were identified for HYI, dormancy, agronomic, and malt quality traits. Of these, six were found to be related to HYI and were located on 1H, 2H, 3H, 6H, and 7H. We found HYI QTLs cosegregating with kernel size and hardness (1H and 3H), malting quality (2H and 6H), and dormancy (2H and 6H). These results indicate that endosperm hydration after steeping can be improved by selecting high HYI alleles on 2H, 6H, and 7H, positively impacting malting quality without negatively impacting kernel size or dormancy.
Shear wave elastography and shear wave dispersion correlated to biopsy at the scheduled follow‐up of pediatric liver grafts
Authors: Cetinic Ivan , de Lange Charlotte , Boström Håkan , Ekvall Nils , Bennet William , Lagerstrand Kerstin , Hebelka Hanna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundIt is unknown how shear wave dispersion (SWD) is displayed in pediatric liver transplant recipients and not fully elucidated how ultrasound shear wave elastography (2D‐SWE) display within this cohort, which is important to determine to improve noninvasive surveillance of these patients. The study aimed to compare SWE and SWD values with histopathology in pediatric liver recipients.MethodsForty‐eight pediatric liver recipients were examined with SWE in conjunction with an elective liver biopsy (clinically without complication). Additionally, SWD values were measured in 21 children. SWE and SWD values were compared to histologically determined fibrosis graded as none‐to‐mild (F0–1) and moderate‐to‐severe (F2–4), and inflammation graded as low (grade 0–1) and high (grade 2–4).ResultsTwo children were excluded due to SWE IQR/median > 30% kPa. The mean age across 46 included patients was 10.9 years (range 1.4–18). The number of patients and median (range) SWE value (kPa) for each stage of fibrosis were: F0–1 [n = 23; 5.8 (3.2–16.1)], F2 [n = 22; 6.0 (4.5–25.9)], F3 [n = 1; 33.3], and F4 [n = 0]. Significantly higher SWE values and greater variability were registered in F2–4 vs. F0–1 (p = .05). Grade of fibrosis correlated weakly to SWE values (r = .3; p = .05), but not to SWD values (r = .2; p = .27). In patients with low‐grade inflammation, median SWD was 13.7 m/s KHz (10.7–17.6). Only one patient had high‐grade inflammation.ConclusionsUncomplicated transplanted liver grafts in a small pediatric cohort revealed slightly increased SWE and SWD values compared to previously reported values in healthy children. This likely reflect both the fibrotic and inflammatory elements in the grafts; however, other confounders impacting the liver's viscoelastic properties are also probable factors.
Sample size assessments for thermal physiology studies: An R package and R Shiny application
Authors: van Steenderen Clarke J. M. , Sutton Guy F. , Owen Candice A. , Martin Grant D. , Coetzee Julie A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRequired sample sizes for a study need to be carefully assessed to account for logistics, cost, ethics and statistical rigour. For example, many studies have shown that methodological variations can impact the critical thermal limits (CTLs) recorded for a species, although studies on the impact of sample size on these measures are lacking. Here, we present ThermalSampleR; an R CRAN package and Shiny application that can assist researchers in determining when adequate sample sizes have been reached for their data. The method is particularly useful because it is not taxon specific. The Shiny application offers a user‐friendly interface equivalent to the package for users not familiar with R programming. ThermalSampleR is accompanied by an in‐built example dataset, which we use to guide the user through the workflow with a fully worked tutorial.