bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and numerical investigation of residual stresses in proximity girth welds
Authors: Bhardwaj Sachin , Aas Sigmund Kyrre , Ratnayake R. M. Chandima 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInternational fabrication codes and standards provide minimum distance criteria for proximity welds, although rigorous justification is lacking. These distances are either based on practical experience or mutual agreement and are often left to the engineering judgment of contractors, inspection engineers, etc., especially in cases of repair welds fabricated in proximity to existing welds. Previous studies have shown high tensile residual stresses and altered mechanical and microstructural properties between proximity welds. This article focuses on numerical and experimental quantification of residual stresses in the proximity region by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and finite element method (FEM) thermo-mechanical models. Specimens were machine welded, then repair welded at distances of 5–15 mm. A fair agreement in results was achieved between FEM and XRD. The most detrimental effect was observed at the weld root toe for the repair weld at 5 mm proximity, likely due to the high constraint and multiaxial stress state. These findings enable practitioners to propose technical justification and corrective actions while specifying minimum distance criteria for proximity welds.
Past-directed scalar field gradients and scalar-tensor thermodynamics
Authors: Giusti Andrea , Giardino Serena , Faraoni Valerio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe refine and slightly enlarge the recently proposed first-order thermodynamics of scalar-tensor gravity to include gravitational scalar fields with timelike and past-directed gradients. The implications and subtleties arising in this situation are discussed and an exact cosmological solution of scalar-tensor theory in first-order thermodynamics is revisited in light of these results.
Power of shared success: how can sharing success
and roles of others motivate African women in STEM?
Authors: Babalola Olubukola Oluranti , du Plessis Yvonne , Babalola Sunday Samson 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study examines the success and role of African women leaders in science,
technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). In the absence of significant research on
women’s STEM leadership, the success and roles of others could motivate an aspiring African
woman to pursue a career in STEM. A qualitative approach was sought using open online
questions and narratives from African women leaders about their roles and career success in
STEM. Data were collected from the western, eastern, northern, and southern regions of
Africa from participants who held STEM leadership positions, such as directors, deans, and
chief officers. The participants were 42 women representing 12 African nations. The
narratives of these women leaders’ tones and life experiences were analyzed through content
analysis. The narratives of these women leaders’ tones and life experiences were analyzed in
search of recurring patterns and themes. Successful leadership in STEM requires balancing
career and family life, setting goals, solving problems, being open to innovative ideas,
embracing diversity, collaborating, and having knowledge of STEM research and mentoring
skills. Using the achievements and roles of others could inspire future African women to
pursue careers in STEM.
Inflammation and Neutrophil Oxidative Burst in a Family with NFKB1 p.R157X LOF and Sterile Necrotizing Fasciitis
Authors: Santaniemi Wenny , Åström Pirjo , Glumoff Virpi , Pernaa Nora , Tallgren Ella-Noora , Palosaari Sanna , Nissinen Antti , Kaustio Meri , Kuismin Outi , Saarela Janna , Nurmi Katariina , Eklund Kari K. , Seppänen Mikko R. J. , Hautala Timo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLoss-of-function (LOF) mutations inNFKB1, coding for p105, may cause common variable immunodeficiency due to dysregulation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κΒ) pathway. Monoallelic LOF variants ofNFKB1can predispose to uncontrolled inflammation including sterile necrotizing fasciitis or pyoderma gangrenosum. In this study, we explored the impact of a heterozygousNFKB1c.C936T/p.R157X LOF variant on immunity in sterile fasciitis patients and their family members. The p50 or p105 protein levels were reduced in all variant carriers. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels were elevated in vitro, potentially contributing to the very high neutrophil counts observed during fasciitis episodes. Phosphorylation of p65/RelA was reduced in p.R157X neutrophils suggesting defective activation of canonical NF-κB. Oxidative burst after NF-κB-independent phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation was similar in both p.R157X and control neutrophils. Comparable amounts of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex subunits were found in p.R157X and control neutrophils. However, a compromised oxidative burst was observed in p.R157X neutrophils following activation of NF-κB-dependent mechanisms following stimulation of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Dectin-1. Neutrophil extracellular trap formation was not affected by p.R157X. In summary, theNFKB1c.C936T/p.R157X LOF variant has an impact on inflammation and neutrophil function and may play a role in the pathogenesis of sterile necrotizing fasciitis.
Moral rhetoric in discrete choice models: a Natural Language Processing approach
Authors: Szép Teodóra , van Cranenburgh Sander , Chorus Caspar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a new method to combine choice- and text data to infer moral motivations from people’s actions. To do this, we rely on moral rhetoric, in other words, extracting moral values from verbal expressions with Natural Language Processing techniques. We use moral rhetoric based on a well-established moral, psychological theory called Moral Foundations Theory. We use moral rhetoric as input in Discrete Choice Models to gain insights into moral behaviour based on people’s words and actions. We test our method in a case study of voting and party defection in the European Parliament. Our results indicate that moral rhetoric have significant explanatory power in modelling voting behaviour. We interpret the results in the light of political science literature and propose ways for future investigations.
Effect of bioaugmentation with Paenibacillus spp. and thin slurry recirculation on microbial hydrolysis of maize silage and bedding straw in a plug-flow reactor
Authors: Menzel Theresa , Neubauer Peter , Junne Stefan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this work, the effect of bioaugmentation on the hydrolysis and acidogenesis efficiency of bedding straw mixed with maize silage is examined. A plug-flow bioreactor was operated for 70 weeks with maize silage as a reference feedstock and subsequently with an increasing straw content of 30% and 66% (w/w). Bioaugmentation with two Paenibacillus species was conducted at each process condition to investigate the impact on hydrolysis of the recalcitrant lignocellulosic feedstock. A stable acidogenic digestion of the substrates was achieved, during which acetic and butyric acid were accumulated as main byproducts. Specific hydrolysis rates between 258 and 264 gO2 kg−1VS were determined for pure maize silage and maize silage mixed with 30% of straw, while the specific hydrolysis rate decreased to 195 gO2 kg−1VS when a mixture with 66% of straw was applied. Bioaugmentation with Paenibacillus spp. increased the specific hydrolysis rate by up to 41–63% for pure maize silage and the mixture with 30% of straw, while no increase was observed with a mixture of 66% of straw. Acid production, however, was enhanced by 21 to 42% following bioaugmentation for all substrate mixtures. A positive effect on the physiological state of cultures, as recorded with frequency-dispersed polarizability, was seen after bioaugmentation, which remained for two retention times during the continuous fermentation mode. Recirculation of the thin sludge further prolonged the positive effects of bioaugmentation. The results of this work provide a basis to optimize the amount of the bioaugmented microorganisms and hydrolysis of biogenic material with respect to sustainable effects on process performance and costs.
Case report. Resurfacing van de glans penis bij therapieresistente lichen sclerosus: een weinig bekende therapeutische optie
Authors: Nooter Ronald I. , Van Lingen Anna M. , Bosch J. L. H. Ruud 
Published: March 2023

SamenvattingLichen sclerosus kan leiden tot ernstige fibrose van voorhuid, glans penis en urethra. We beschrijven een patiënt met pijnlijke coïtus en met meatusstenose en urethrastrictuur door de lichen, waarvoor herhaalde, pijnlijke dilataties zijn verricht. Topicale medicatie was niet succesvol. Vanwege het invaliderende karakter van de aandoening koos patiënt voor chirurgische behandeling. De operatietechniek wordt getoond en het resultaat wordt beschreven. Resectie van de aangedane huid van de glans en corona werd gevolgd door een split-skingraft. De urethrale fibrose werd gereseceerd en gesubstitueerd met wangslijmvlies; vervolgens werd de penoscrotale fusie met behulp van een Z‑plastiek opgeheven. Na 23 maanden is patiënt nog steeds tevreden. Dit is, voor zover bekend, de eerste beschrijving van de combinatie van de fossa naviculare stenose en een uitgebreide resurfacing van de glans penis. Het bestaan van deze operatieve opties brengen we graag onder de aandacht.
Digital Slide and Simulation-Based Learning in Pre-Implantation Kidney Biopsies
Authors: Eccher Albino , Antonini Pietro , Barreca Antonella , Fabbrizio Benedetta , Boggi Ugo , Rizzo Paola Chiara , Girolami Ilaria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough controversial, procurement kidney biopsies and histology are commonly used in kidney allocation from deceased donors. The long series of models developed for this question, incorporating a variety of clinical and histologic variables, failed to properly predict the long-term graft survival. This failure could be explained by many factors, including the lack of expertise in terms of skilled available nephropathologists in the urgent setting of biopsies assessment. Simulation-based learning is a form of experiential learning that provides learners with a real-world-like opportunity to develop and practice their knowledge and skills but in a simulated environment. Digital pathology with whole-slide imaging is a powerful tool for knowledge delivering, as it offers the opportunity to facilitate meeting of general pathologists with experts, with availability of second opinion consultation and tailored training on specific cases. In the back of these considerations, we report on the content of the web-meeting “Digital slide and simulation-based learning in pre-implantation kidney” which was fully dedicated to the evaluation of pre-implantation kidney biopsy, with a very practical approach and a direct interaction between two expert renal transplant pathologists and the audience of general pathologists.
Nuovi orientamenti nella diagnosi e terapia delle tireotossicosi da amiodarone
Authors: Cappellani Daniele , Bogazzi Fausto 
Published: March 2023

SommarioL’amiodarone è un antiaritmico che esercita importanti effetti sulla fisiologia tiroidea e nel 20% dei casi determina lo sviluppo di ipotiroidismo o di tireotossicosi. La tireotossicosi indotta da amiodarone (AIT) è gravata da alti tassi di morbidità e mortalità, dovuti alla lunga esposizione di un cuore “malato” a un importante eccesso di ormoni tiroidei spesso poco responsivo alla terapia medica. Negli ultimi anni recenti acquisizioni in tema di diagnosi e terapia hanno permesso un approccio più moderno all’AIT.
Geometric thermodynamics for the Fokker–Planck equation: stochastic thermodynamic links between information geometry and optimal transport
Authors: Ito Sosuke 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe propose a geometric theory of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, namely geometric thermodynamics, using our recent developments of differential-geometric aspects of entropy production rate in non-equilibrium thermodynamics. By revisiting our recent results on geometrical aspects of entropy production rate in stochastic thermodynamics for the Fokker–Planck equation, we introduce a geometric framework of non-equilibrium thermodynamics in terms of information geometry and optimal transport theory. We show that the proposed geometric framework is useful for obtaining several non-equilibrium thermodynamic relations, such as thermodynamic trade-off relations between the thermodynamic cost and the fluctuation of the observable, optimal protocols for the minimum thermodynamic cost and the decomposition of the entropy production rate for the non-equilibrium system. We clarify several stochastic-thermodynamic links between information geometry and optimal transport theory via the excess entropy production rate based on a relation between the gradient flow expression and information geometry in the space of probability densities and a relation between the velocity field in optimal transport and information geometry in the space of path probability densities.
Axiale und periphere Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Ebner Karl-Martin , Schirmer Michael , Hermann Josef ,   ASPAT (Austrian Spondyloarthritis Task Force)
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Diagnose der Spondyloarthritis (SpA) wird auch heute noch mit einer Verzögerung von mehr als 6 Jahren gestellt. Aus diesem Grund ist es wichtig, die Symptome der Spondyloarthritis früh zu erkennen, um die Diagnosestellung einzuleiten. Vor allem die Bildgebung spielt dafür neben der ausführlichen Anamnese und Untersuchung eine wichtige Rolle. Therapieziel der nichtmedikamentösen und der medikamentösen Therapieansätze ist die Remission oder zumindest eine niedrige Krankheitsaktivität der SpAs. Regelmäßiges Monitoring hilft, die Versorgungsqualität zu sichern.
Launch of an Innovative Air Pollutant Sampler up to 27,000 Metres Using a Stratospheric Balloon
Authors: Toson Federico , Pulice Mauro , Furiato Marco , Pavan Matilde , Sandon Simone , Sandu Dumitrita , Righi Giovanni 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAir pollution, besides being one of the leading causes of death worldwide, remains one of the most controversial topics in environmental monitoring. The current state of the art refers to remote satellite analysis and static ground-level technologies. The O-ZONE project has set itself the objective of bridging this technological gap using dynamic in situ analysis using compact, inexpensive and reusable samplers that can be integrated onboard stratospheric balloons and drones. The prototype, therefore, consists of a pneumatic system, a set of filters and a sampling bag. Thanks to this architecture, it is possible to sample atmospheric air at different altitudes. After the flight, the samples collected are analysed using chromatographic techniques to provide a picture of the various air layers. On 30 September 2021, the fully autonomous payload successfully flew in Kiruna (Swedish Lapland) aboard BEXUS 30, the stratospheric balloon made available by the promoters of the “hands-on” project of the same name, SNSA (Swedish National Space Agency), DLR (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt) and ESA (European Space Agency). In this paper, the technical specifications of the device are described, with a focus on the sampling system; we then highlight the results obtained by the filters that, at different altitudes, collected stratospheric pollutants such as VOCs and, in the first layers of the atmosphere, PM. In conclusion, an interpretation of the results is provided to better understand the possible future uses of the prototype.
Disease-specific differences in gene expression, mitochondrial function and mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum interactions in iPSC-derived cerebral organoids and cortical neurons in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Authors: Kathuria Annie , Lopez-Lengowski Kara , McPhie Donna , Cohen Bruce M. , Karmacharya Rakesh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe compared transcriptomic profiles of cerebral organoids differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells of eight schizophrenia and eight bipolar disorder patients to identify genes that were differentially expressed in cerebral organoids between two disorders. Gene ontology analysis showed relative up-regulation in schizophrenia organoids of genes related to response to cytokines, antigen binding and clathrin-coated vesicles, while showing up-regulation in bipolar disorder of genes involved in calcium binding. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed enrichment in schizophrenia of genes involved in mitochondrial and oxidative phosphorylation while showing enrichment in bipolar disorder of genes involved in long term potentiation and neuro-transporters. We compared mitochondrial function in cerebral organoids from schizophrenia and bipolar disorder subjects and found that while schizophrenia organoids showed deficits in basal oxygen consumption rate and ATP production when compared to healthy control organoids, while bipolar disorder organoids did not show these deficits. Gene ontology analyses also revealed enrichment in bipolar disorder of genes in ion binding and regulation of transport. Experiments examining the interaction between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in cortical neurons from bipolar disorder subjects showed a significantly lower number of contact sites between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum when compared to cortical neurons from schizophrenia patients. These results point to disease-specific deficits in mitochondrial respiration in schizophrenia and in mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum interactions in bipolar disorder.
SHANK2 protein contributes to sevoflurane-induced developmental neurotoxicity and cognitive dysfunction in C57BL/6 male mice
Authors: Song Shaoyong , Zhao Weiming , Ji Yumeng , Huang Qinghong , Li Yixuan , Chen Shiwen , Yang Jianping , Jin Xin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Repeated exposures to sevoflurane could induce epigenetic modifications in specific brain regions and cognitive impairments in the immature mice. Conflicting findings make neurobehavioral manifestations intricate and potential mechanisms elusive. Influence of neonatal anesthesia with sevoflurane on the expression of synaptic scaffold proteins and neuronal activity remains to be determined.

Methods
C57BL/6 male and female mice in breeding ages were used to produce next generation. The offspring male mice were randomly scheduled to receive 3.0% sevoflurane plus 60% oxygen for 2 h daily at postnatal day (P) 6–8. Three-chambered social paradigm was used to test social affiliation and social memory. Morris water maze was used to test learning and memory. Whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed to screen target gene in sequence context of CG. RT-PCR and immunoblotting analysis were used to assess expression of the Shank gene family, as well as DNA methylases.

Results
The male mice undergoing sevoflurane anesthesia at P6-8 showed diminished preference for novel conspecific and prolonged escape latency and decreased platform-crossing times. The sevoflurane-exposed mice showed reduced mRNA and protein levels of the Shank2 gene. KEGG analysis disclosed the role of DNA hypermethylation of Shank2 gene in the pathway of glutamatergic synapse. In addition, sevoflurane anesthesia reduced mRNA and protein levels of the TET3 enzyme.

Conclusion
Repeated exposures to sevoflurane in neonatal period could impair social recognition memory and spatial reference memory in the male mice. Reduction of hippocampal SHANK2 protein could contribute to sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in the immature mice. Reduction of the TET3 enzyme should be responsible for DNA hypermethylation-related silencing of the Shank2 gene.

Graphical Abstract
Data initiatives for ocean-driven melt of Antarctic ice shelves
Authors: Cook Sue , Nicholls Keith W. , Vaňková Irena , Thompson Sarah S. , Galton-Fenzi Benjamin K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOcean-driven melt of Antarctic ice shelves is an important control on mass loss from the ice sheet, but is complex to study due to significant variability in melt rates both spatially and temporally. Here we assess the strengths and weakness of satellite and field-based observations as tools for testing models of ice-shelf melt. We discuss how the complementary use of field, satellite and model data can be a powerful but underutilised tool for studying melt processes. Finally, we identify some community initiatives working to collate and publish coordinated melt rate datasets, which can be used in future for validating satellite-derived maps of melt and evaluating processes in numerical simulations.
Neurodiversity in the workplace: Considering neuroatypicality as a form of diversity
Authors: LeFevre-Levy Rose , Melson-Silimon Arturia , Harmata Rebecca , Hulett Anna L. , Carter Nathan T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEstimates suggest as much as 17% of the US workforce may be neuroatypical, a term used to describe individuals whose neurological functioning is at the tail ends of the distribution of naturally occurring variation. Although the neuroatypical population has a history of under- and unemployment, their inclusion in the modern workplace (i.e., promotion of neurodiversity within organizations) is gaining recognition by scholars and organizations as an important dimension of organizational diversity. Despite this burgeoning interest in examining neuroatypicality in the context of organizational diversity, surprisingly little research has been conducted that bridges these two research areas. The literature that does exist is scattered across several different academic disciplines, largely outside of industrial-organizational psychology, and rarely examines the employment of neuroatypical workers explicitly from a diversity perspective. In this article we argue that as the nature of work evolves and jobs continue to become more specialized, neurodiversity will become an increasingly relevant dimension of organizational diversity and is likely to play a key role both in terms of individual employees’ well-being and performance outcomes, as well as organizational success.
A Pandemic Instrument Can Start Turning Collective Problems into Collective Solutions by Governing the Common-Pool Resource of Antimicrobial Effectiveness
Authors: Weldon Isaac , Liddell Kathy , Van Katwyk Susan Rogers , Hoffman Steven J. , Minssen Timo , Outterson Kevin , Palmer Stephanie , Viens A.M. , Viñuales Jorge 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo address the complex challenge of global antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a pandemic treaty should include mechanisms that 1) equitably address the access gap for antimicrobials, diagnostic technologies, and alternative therapies; 2) equitably conserve antimicrobials to sustain effectiveness and access across time and space; 3) equitably finance the investment, discovery, development, and distribution of new technologies; and 4) equitably finance and establish greater upstream and midstream infection prevention measures globally. Biodiversity, climate, and nuclear governance offer lessons for addressing these challenges.