bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Radical Formation on Chemically Modified Graphene Oxide under Near Infrared Irradiation
Authors: Jacquemin Lucas , Song Zhengmei , Le Breton Nolwenn , Nishina Yuta , Choua Sylvie , Reina Giacomo , Bianco Alberto 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this work, the mechanisms of radical generation on different functionalized graphene oxide (GO) conjugates under near‐infrared (NIR) light irradiation are investigated. The GO conjugates are designed to understand how chemical functionalization can influence the generation of radicals. Both pristine and functionalized GO are irradiated by a NIR laser, and the production of different reactive oxygen species (ROS) is investigated using fluorimetry and electron paramagnetic resonance to describe the type of radicals present on the surface of GO. The mechanism of ROS formation involves a charge transfer from the material to the oxygen present in the media, via the production of superoxide and singlet oxygen. Cytotoxicity and effects of ROS generation are then evaluated using breast cancer cells, evidencing a concentration dependent cell death associated to the heat and ROS. The study provides new hints to understand the photogeneration of radicals on the surface of GO upon near infrared irradiation, as well as, to assess the impact on these radicals in the context of a combined drug delivery system and phototherapeutic approach. These discoveries open the way for a better control of phototherapy‐based treatments employing graphene‐based materials.
Properties of Potato Flour Films as Affected by Ultrasonic Treatment
Authors: Fu Zong‐Qiang , Yao Xu , Wu Hong‐Jian , Guo Shao‐Xiang , Li Yi , Tian Bin , Huang Zhi‐Gang , Wu Min 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe properties of potato flour film‐forming dispersions treated with ultrasound and their resultant films are studied. The microscopic images show that ultrasonic treatment destroys the particles and improves the uniformity of film‐forming dispersions. The resultant potato flour film with ultrasonic treatment has a smoother surface and better transparency. As the ultrasonic power and treatment time increase, elongation at break reduces from 18.85% to 12.87%, while tensile strength increases at first and then decreases. Ultrasound decreases the water vapor transmission rate from 13.68 × 10−11 to 4.92 × 10−11 g−1 s−1 Pa−1 and increases the hydrophobicity of the films. Films with 15 min treatment show a lower water solubility index, while ultrasonic treatment for 45 min increases the solubility of films. The moisture content of treated films is higher than that of the untreated sample. Results show that ultrasonic treatment improves the properties of potato flour films.
Creep behavior of graphene oxide reinforced cement composites: Experiments, numerical simulations, and prediction models
Authors: Wang Jialei , Wang Yao , Wang Rui , Li Wangxin , Xu Yidong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe effect of graphene oxide (GO) on the creep behavior of cement composites was investigated macroscopically using a four‐bar spring compression creepmeter. The mechanism of the impact of GO on the creep behavior of hardened cement paste was microscopically identified using a molecular dynamics method. By analyzing commonly used rheological models, a viscoelastic‐plastic model was proposed to reflect the creep behavior of GO‐enhanced cement composites. The experimental results show that incorporating GO can increase the elastic modulus of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) gels. The increase of micromechanical properties leads to a substantial reduction of creep. Compared to the reference group (0% GO), the creep behavior of cement composites with the GO incorporation of 0.02% and 0.03% decreases by 49.5% and 60.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the parameter fitting results indicate that the improved Burgers rheological model can better reflect the effect of GO on regulating the creep behavior of cement composites. Finally, we concluded the impact of GO addition on microscopic elastic modulus, viscoelastic deformation, and viscous deformation parameters, by providing new ideas for regulating the creep behavior of cement composites.
Cardiorespiratory effects of isoflurane and medetomidine–tiletamine–zolazepam in 12 bonobos (Pan paniscus)
Authors: Bucknell Pip , Dobbs Phillipa , Martin Mike , Ashfield Samantha , White Kate 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular disease is a significant cause of mortality in captive great apes. However, data from bonobos are lacking due to a paucity of collections in Europe. Comprehensive preventive screening is required to understand the aetiopathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, but the provision of a stable and predictable anaesthetic protocol with minimal cardiovascular effects is challenging.MethodsThis prospective, observational case series reports anaesthesia of 12 bonobos using hand‐injected medetomidine and tiletamine–zolazepam followed by maintenance with isoflurane in oxygen. Comprehensive clinical examinations, including arterial blood gases and echocardiography were undertaken.ResultsInduction of anaesthesia with hand injection was successful in all but one individual. Respiratory acidosis with metabolic alkalosis and respiratory alkalosis with metabolic acidosis were documented. Hypochloraemia may have contributed to non‐respiratory alkalosis in one individual. Ten bonobos experienced hypotension and required haemodynamic support. Both N‐terminal pro b‐type natriuretic peptide and troponin I cardiac biomarkers correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (percentage). Recovery was smooth, rapid and uneventful in all animals.LimitationsThe effects of the anaesthetic must be considered during echocardiographical interpretation.ConclusionsThe anaesthesia protocol provided a safe, predictable induction and recovery, facilitating diagnostics (including echocardiography) and minor surgical procedures. Comprehensive monitoring, including invasive blood pressure monitoring and haemodynamic support, is highly recommended.
Bootstrapping 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 gauge theories: the case of SQCD
Authors: Chester Shai M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We derive exact relations between certain integrals of the conserved flavor current four point function in 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 conformal field theories (CFTs) and derivatives of the mass deformed sphere free energy, which can be computed exactly for gauge theories using supersymmetric localization. For conformal gauge theories with flavor groups of rank greater than one, there are at least two such integrated constraints, which can then be combined with the numerical conformal bootstrap to bound CFT data as a function of the complexified gauge coupling τ. We apply this strategy to the case of SU(2) conformal SQCD with flavor group SO(8), where we compute bounds on unprotected scaling dimensions as a function of τ that match the free theory limit, and exhibit the expected mixing between the action of the SL(2, ℤ) duality group and SO(8) triality.
LEGO calibration targets for large-FOV particle image velocimetry
Authors: Parikh Agastya , Fuchs Thomas , Bross Matthew , Kähler Christian J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractParticle image or particle–tracking velocimetry nonintrusively provides velocity field information, and the proposition large field-of-view (FOV) measurements are highly attractive from an experimental standpoint. Stitching multiple smaller FOVs to achieve the large FOV of interest is an approach that faces challenges rooted in the calibration process. For stereoscopic PIV (SPIV), the use of a multi-level target simplifies calibration. However, this is problematic for large-FOV measurements, as standardised multi-level targets are relatively small and expensive. LEGO®bricks are well-suited to the construction of large, customised multi-level targets due to their high-dimensional tolerance and their stackability with high precision. To evaluate the feasibility of LEGO®-based targets, a two-sided multi-level target covering 380$$\times$$×1150 mm was created and used for SPIV measurements of the inflow conditions of the Atmospheric Wind Tunnel Munich. Calibrations were also performed using the Type 31 target for comparison. Analysis of the datasets with both calibration targets shows good agreement in the measurement of the streamwise, out-of-plane componentu. A parametric study of different LEGO®target configurations was used to verify the calibration performance of the targets as well as identify optimal configurations for experimental use. Due to the high level of agreement in calibration parameters and quantitative and qualitative flowfield parameters in PIV tests, as well as the consistency observed in the subsequent parametric study, LEGO-based calibration targets show potential for further development and usage in large-FOV measurements.Graphic abstract
Comparison and multi-model inference of excess risks models for radiation-related solid cancer
Authors: Stabilini Alberto , Hafner Luana , Walsh Linda 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn assessments of detrimental health risks from exposures to ionising radiation, many forms of risk to dose–response models are available in the literature. The usual practice is to base risk assessment on one specific model and ignore model uncertainty. The analysis illustrated here considers model uncertainty for the outcome all solid cancer incidence, when modelled as a function of colon organ dose, using the most recent publicly available data from the Life Span Study on atomic bomb survivors of Japan. Seven recent publications reporting all solid cancer risk models currently deemed plausible by the scientific community have been included in a model averaging procedure so that the main conclusions do not depend on just one type of model. The models have been estimated with different baselines and presented for males and females at various attained ages and ages at exposure, to obtain specially computed model-averaged Excess Relative Risks (ERR) and Excess Absolute Risks (EAR). Monte Carlo simulated estimation of uncertainty on excess risks was accounted for by applying realisations including correlations in the risk model parameters. Three models were found to weight the model-averaged risks most strongly depending on the baseline and information criteria used for the weighting. Fitting all excess risk models with the same baseline, one model dominates for both information criteria considered in this study. Based on the analysis presented here, it is generally recommended to take model uncertainty into account in future risk analyses.
Tracing the cryptic Sardic (Ordovician) metamorphism across Alpine Europe: the Krndija region in the Slavonian Mountains, Croatia
Authors: Mayer B. Starijaš , Zeh A. , Krenn E. , Gerdes A. , Finger F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractResults of a combined petrological, geochemical and geochronological study suggest that metasedimentary rock units in the Krndija region of the Slavonian Mountains, Croatia, were affected by at least three major tectonometamorphic imprints: during the Middle Ordovician (Sardic event), the early Carboniferous (Variscan event), and the Cretaceous (Alpine event). All three metamorphic phases are established by electron microprobe-based in-situ U–Th–Pb dating of monazite grains. The Sardic metamorphic event is additionally confirmed by a precise Lu–Hf garnet-whole-rock isochron age of 466.0 ± 2.3 Ma. Taken together, the data unveil a relatively large and well-preserved piece of the cryptic Sardic orogen in central Krndija, that we name the Kutjevo Zone. A Sardic subduction-related metamorphic event (ca. 540-580 ℃, 8–11 kbar) at ca. 466 Ma is manifested in the mineral paragenesis Ca-rich garnet plus rutile. A low degree of retrograde reequilibration suggests a subsequent fast exhumation. Low-Ca cores in some garnets and staurolite relics record a pre-HP metamorphic event that involves isobaric heating from 570 to 610 ℃ at ~ 7 kbar. We attribute this (so far undated) event to mid-crustal contact metamorphism caused by early Sardic magmatism. Southern parts of Krndija (the Gradište Zone) experienced an (additional?) clockwisePTevolution in Variscan times at ca. 350 Ma. Garnet formed with ilmenite during aPTincrease from 580 ℃/5 kbar to 600 ℃/6 kbar and underwent later strong retrograde resorption. Slow Variscan exhumation resulted in andalusite formation at < 550 ℃/ < 3.8 kbar. Penetrative Alpine metamorphism was observed in low-grade phyllites in the north. The lithology and metamorphic history of the Kutjevo Zone is similar to what has been reported from the Sardic Strona-Ceneri Zone in the western Alps. Both areas expose metapelitic (metagreywacke) rocks with a pre-middle Ordovician formation age. These metasedimentary rocks are inter-layered with numerous small amphibolitic units as well as metagranitoids and were likely deposited along the active Gondwana margin, perhaps in a fore-arc position, prior to their subduction during the middle Ordovician. According to recent palaeogeographic reconstructions, both the Kutjevo Zone and the Strona-Ceneri Zone have once resided in an eastern sector of the northern Gondwana margin (i.e., in E-Armorica). We conclude that in the Middle Ordovician, important subduction activities took place in this E-Armorican segment of north Gondwana, which is today exposed in the Alps. The W-Armorican segment of north Gondwana (now exposed in the French, German, and Czech Variscides) had probably already mutated from a (Cadomian) subduction setting to an extensional (transtensional–transpressional) setting by the late Cambrian.
Executive function in children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder compared to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder, and in children with different irritability levels
Authors: Brænden Astrid , Coldevin Marit , Zeiner Pål , Stubberud Jan , Melinder Annika 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAddressing current challenges in research on disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD), this study aims to compare executive function in children with DMDD, children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). We also explore associations between irritability, a key DMDD characteristic, and executive function in a clinical sample regardless of diagnosis. Our sample include children (6–12 years) referred to child psychiatric clinics. Measures of daily-life (parent-reported questionnaire) and performance-based (neuropsychological tasks) executive function were applied. Identifying diagnoses, clinicians administered a standardized semi-structured diagnostic interview with parents. Irritability was assessed by parent-report. First, we compared executive function in DMDD (without ADHD/ODD), ADHD (without DMDD/ODD), ODD (without DMDD/ADHD) and DMDD + ADHD (without ODD). Second, we analyzed associations between executive function and irritability using the total sample. In daily life, children with DMDD showed clinically elevated and significantly worse emotion control scores compared to children with ADHD, and clinically elevated scores on cognitive flexibility compared to norm scores. Children with DMDD had significantly less working memory problems than those with ADHD. No differences were found between DMDD and ODD. Increased irritability was positively associated with emotional dyscontrol and cognitive inflexibility. For performance-based executive function, no diagnostic differences or associations with irritability were observed. We discuss how, in daily life, children with high irritability-levels get overwhelmed by feelings without accompanying regulatory capacities.
Appeasement function of displacement behaviours? Dogs’ behavioural displays exhibited towards threatening and neutral humans
Authors: Pedretti Giulia , Canori Chiara , Biffi Eleonora , Marshall-Pescini Sarah , Valsecchi Paola 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAppeasement signals are behavioural patterns displaying an animal’s non-aggressive attitude and are hypothesized to reduce the aggressive behaviours in the receiver. In domestic dogs, specific displacement behaviours (i.e., behavioural patterns exhibited without an apparent function related to the ongoing situation), have been suggested to function as appeasement signals. To test this possibility, we assessed whether the occurrence of these behaviours was dependent on a social conflict context, predicting that, if displacement behaviours also function as appeasement signals, they should be more prevalent in a conflict vs. non-conflict context. Fifty-three dogs were exposed to two unfamiliar humans approaching them in either a mildly threatening or neutral way. We categorized the attitude of the dogs towards the strangers as “reactive”, i.e., barking and lunging towards the stimulus, and “non-reactive”, i.e., remaining passive in front of the stimuli. We coded dogs’ displacement activities and modelled their duration or frequency as a function of the interaction between the test condition and the attitude of the dog. Displacement behaviours of “blinking”, “nose licking” and “lip wiping” were associated with a “non-reactive” attitude, independently from the test condition, confirming an association with a non-aggressive intention. “Head turning” was associated with a “non-reactive” attitude in the threatening condition. In conclusion, dogs with a non-aggressive attitude exhibited more putative appeasement signals; however, these were not strictly associated with a conflict-ridden situation, calling for further investigation of their function.
Response of the weeping lizard to distress calls: the effect of witnessing predation
Authors: Labra Antonieta , Zapata Andrea 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEscaping from predation saves life, but costs energy and time. The “threat-sensitive predator-avoidance” hypothesis proposes that prey may modulate their antipredator responses, and thus the associated costs, in accordance with the magnitude of predation risk. This process requires that prey accurately assess this risk by decoding available information from various sources. For example, distress calls are uttered by prey when a predator traps them and can serve as public information on predation risk. Such is the case for the weeping lizard whose distress calls trigger immobility in conspecifics. Here, we tested whether this antipredator response of the weeping lizard is modulated by witnessing predation. We exposed lizards to distress calls alone or paired with models of a prey (conspecific), a predator (snake), or a predatory event (a snake subjugating the conspecific). Data show that the sole presence of the predator or prey paired with distress calls seems not to modulate the antipredator responses. Contrarily, witnessing a predatory event associated with calls intensified antipredator responses; lizards reduced their activity for longer and avoided proximity to the stimuli, which may decrease predation risk by reducing the likelihood of being detected by the predator. We conclude that the weeping lizard can use multisensorial public information to assess predation risk and modulate its antipredator responses.
Agreement between pulse oximetry and arterial oxygen saturation measurement in critical care patients during COVID-19: a cross-sectional study
Authors: James Arthur , Petit Matthieu , Biancale Flore , Bougle Adrien , Degos Vincent , Monsel Antoine , Vieillard-Baron Antoine , Constantin Jean-Michel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSome publications suggest that pulse oximetry measurement (SpO2) might overestimate arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) measurement in COVID-19 patients. This study aims to evaluate the agreement between SpO2 and SaO2 among COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. We conducted a multicenter, prospective study including consecutive intensive care patients from October 15, 2020, to March 4, 2021, and compared for each measurement the difference between SpO2 and SaO2, also called the systematic bias. The primary endpoint was the agreement between SpO2 and SaO2 measured with the Lin concordance coefficient and illustrated using the Bland and Altman method. Factors associated with systematic bias were then identified using a generalised estimating equation. The study included 105 patients, 66 COVID-19 positive and 39 COVID-19 negative, allowing for 1539 measurements. The median age was 66 [57; 72] years with median SOFA and SAPSII scores of, respectively, 4 [3; 6] and 37 [31; 47]. The median SpO2 and SaO2 among all measurements was respectively 97 [96–99] and 94 [92–96] with a systematic bias of 0.80 [− 0.6; 2.4]. This difference was, respectively, 0.80 [− 0.7; 2.5] and 0.90 [− 0.3; 2.0] among COVID-19 positive and negative patients. Overall agreement measured with the Lin correlation coefficient was 0.65 [0.63; 0.68] with 0.61 [0.57; 0.64] and 0.53 [0.45; 0.60] among the COVID-19 positive and negative groups, respectively. Factors independently associated with the variation of the SpO2-SaO2 difference were the PaO2/FiO2 ratio and need for mechanical ventilation. In our population, agreement between SpO2 and SaO2 is acceptable. During the COVID-19 pandemic, SaO2 remains an efficient monitoring tool to characterise the level of hypoxemia and follow therapeutic interventions. As is already known about general intensive care unit patients, the greater hypoxemia, the weaker the correlation between SpO2 and SaO2.
How to do things with deepfakes
Authors: Roberts Tom 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, I draw a distinction between two types of deepfake, and unpack the deceptive strategies that are made possible by the second. The first category, which has been the focus of existing literature on the topic, consists of those deepfakes that act as a fabricated record of events, talk, and action, where any utterances included in the footage are not addressed to the audience of the deepfake. For instance, a fake video of two politicians conversing with one another. The second category consists of those deepfakes that direct an illocutionary speech act—such as a request, injunction, invitation, or promise—to an addressee who is located outside of the recording. For instance, fake footage of a company director instructing their employee to make a payment, or of a military official urging the populace to flee for safety. Whereas the former category may deceive an audience by giving rise to false beliefs, the latter can more directly manipulate an agent’s actions: the speech act’s addressee may be moved to accept an invitation or a summons, follow a command, or heed a warning, and in doing so further a deceiver’s unethical ends.