bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan LKPD HOTS Bernuansa Kemandirian Belajar pada Materi Perkalian dan Pembagian Pecahan Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Ririn Ririn , Bistari Bistari , Salimi Asmayani , Hamdani Hamdani , Ghasya Dyoty Auliya Vilda 
Published: January 2023

This study aims to produce nuanced HOTS LKPD products independent learning on multiplication and division of fractions for class V School decent basis. the research method used is research and development (RnD) by adapting the Thiagarajan 4D development model(define, design, development, and dissemination). The data source of this research is the results of the validation of the three validators, the results of the student response questionnaire, as well as the results of the tryouts student worksheets. The data collection technique for this research is a questionnaire validator validation, response questionnaire, test questions for students, as well as documentation on the LKPD used by the teacher. The results of the research show that during the process of developing LKPD HOTS with the nuances of learning independence is carried out only in three stages, namely the define stage, design stage, and development (development). the validity of the average percentage of LKPD aspects learning (material) of 3.83 with very valid criteria from the language aspect of 3.84 with very valid criteria, from a technical/appearance aspect of 3.9 with very valid criteria, and from the aspect of conformity with the nuances of independence learning of 3.8 with very valid criteria. Next, the result of the response small-scale students get an average percentage of 79.42% with good criteria and large-scale tests obtained an average percentage of 89.23% with very good criteria.
Deskripsi Muatan Nilai Pendidikan Karakter pada Buku Teks Siswa Kelas IV SD/MI Tema 1 Indahnya Kebersamaan Kurikulum 2013
Authors: Wulandari Desy , Salimi Asmayani , Pranata Rio 
Published: January 2023

This study aims to describe the value of education characters in the textbook fourth grade students SD/MI theme 1 the beauty of togetherness and describethe interrelation of the value of character education in each subjects. This study is a descriptive research method with using content analysis with a qualitative approach. Source data in this study is a textbook fourth grade students SD/MI theme 1. Technology data collection in this study is documentation. Data analysis techniques using Miles and Hubermen model which includes four stages, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and data conclusion. The results of the study show that there are 5 values of character education in student textbooks that value of religious characters 31ntimes, nationalist appeared 38 times, independent appeared 8 times, mutual cooperation as much as 30 time with, and integrity as 1 times. Character education have linkage on each subjects, it is because value integrated character education on each subject so that participants students can gain knowledge and get information about the value character and apply it in everyday life.
Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Daring Pada Mata Pelajaran Biologi Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Sainab Sainab , Mirnawati Mirnawati , Irfan M. , Said Supardi Muh. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1). Efektivitas pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring pada mata pelajaran biologi kelas XI MIA di SMA Negeri 1 Tinambung, (2). Kelebihan dan kekurangan pembelajaran daring, (3). Perbaikan yang diharapkan oleh siswa. Adapun pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu mix methode, desain sequential exploratory. Subjek penelitian yaitu siswa kelas XI MIA SMA Negeri 1 Tinambung. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket, wawancara dan dokumentasi, yang dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis kualitatif model interaktif dari Miles dan Huberman, dan data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan rumus tuntas belajar.
Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring pada mata pelajaran biologi kelas XI MIA di SMA Negeri 1 Tinambung selama masa pandemi Covid-19 sudah efektif. Adapun kelebihan pembelajaran daring: belajar dapat dilakukan dimana dan kapan saja, interaksi dengan guru lebih menyenangkan, materi dapat disimpan dan dipelajari kembali, sumber belajar lebih luas, dan menjadi mahir teknologi. Selanjutnya, kelemahan: bergantung pada ketersediaan jaringan internet, komunikasi dengan guru menjadi terbatas, keterbatasan hp atau laptop, menghabiskan banyak kuota internet serta kurangnya pemahaman terhadap materi. Saran untuk perbaikan proses pembelajaran kedepan nya yaitu guru seragam menggunakan satu aplikasi yang sama, menggunakan media daring yang dapat live, menjelaskan materi sebelum memberikan tugas, melakukan pembagian kuota secara merata, memulai pembelajaran sesuai dengan jadwal, selalu memberikan motivasi kepada siswa serta mencaritahu kendala siswa dalam pembelajaran daring.
PENGARUH STRATEGI PROMOSI MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK MINYAK OLES BOKASHI
Authors: Anggraeny Antonia Dewi , Yudhari I Dewa Ayu Sri , Arisena Gede Mekse Korri 
Published: January 2023

Perkembangan pemasaran digital telah menimbulkan peluang besar bagi pelaku usaha untuk memperluas pangsa pasar mereka. Penerapan pemasaran digital salah satunya dapat dilakukan melalui social media Instagram. Banyaknya usaha yang menggunakan Instagram sebagai media promosi, menjadikan persaingan usaha semakin ketat di era digital saat ini. PT. Karya Pak Oles Tokcer sebagai salah satu wadah yang juga menerapkan strategi promosi melalui social media Instagram untuk memperluas pasarnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini: 1) mengidentifikasi aktivitas promosi, 2) mendeskripsikan manfaat dan kemudahan, 3) menganalisis pengaruh promosi Instagram terhadap keputusan pembelian minyak oles bokashi di PT. Karya Pak Oles Tokcer Kota Denpasar. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 96 responden, menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan kriteria responden yaitu pengguna aktif social media Instagram, mengikuti akun Instagram @pakolescom, dan pernah membeli produk minyak oles bokashi. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui hasil wawancara, kuesioner, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan pendekatan SEM-PLS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Aktivitas promosi yang dijalankan terus berupaya untuk menarik perhatian dan meningkatkan keputusan pembelian oleh konsumen, 2) Penggunaan promosi Instagram memiliki kelebihan yang dirasakan oleh perusahaan di antaranya lebih hemat biaya, tidak terbatas waktu, mudah menemukan konsumen baru, dan mudah mengoperasikan media, 3) Promosi melalui social media Instagram berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian produk minyak oles bokashi pada PT. Karya Pak Oles Tokcer Denpasar. Maka perusahaan disarankan untuk mengembangkan kemampuan tim pengelola agar memahami bagaimana melakukan komunikasi pemasaran yang tepat dan sesuai melalui social media Instagram untuk meningkatkan keputusan pembelian.

Kata kunci: Instagram, Keputusan Pembelian, Promosi, Social Media
مطالبة الكفيل بالدين ابتداء وترك الأصيل دراسة فقهية مقارنة
Authors: الأسمري سعد بن علي عبدالله 
Published: January 2023

فإن مسألة تجويز مطالبة الكفيل بالدين ابتداء وترك الأصيل مسألة لها أبعادها الاجتماعية والقضائية في وقتنا هذا، فهذا القول وان كان القائل به جمهور أهل العلم والفضل من أئمة المذاهب الفقهية إلا أنه في زمننا هذا أدى إلى سد باب الكفالة، وزهد الناس فيها لما تهاون المدينون عمدا في سداد ديونهم ، وترك الكفلاء يواجهون مصيرا مجهولا نتيجة هذه الكفالة فهو من يحكم عليه بالسداد وينفذ عليه دون مراعاة لأحواله المادية والأسرية والتزاماته تجاهها، كالعقاب له على إقدامه على كفالة ها المدين؛ فأردت أن أسهم ببحثي هذا في لفت الأنظار إلى ضرورة إعادة النظر في بعض الأحكام التي بينها أئمتنا في وقت معين وكانت محققة لقصد الشارع في حينها من جلب المصالح ودفع المفاسد ثم تغير الحال وصار ذلك الحكم الاجتهادي غير مناسب للزمان أو المكان. ويتكون هذا البحث من مقدمة وخمسة مباحث، وفهرس للمراجع وآخر للموضوعات بيانها كالتالي: المبحث الأول : في بيان مصطلحات العنوان. والمبحث الثاني: الألفاظ ذات الصلة. المبحث الثالث : مشروعية الكفالة والحكمة من مشروعيتها. المبحث الرابع: أقوال العلماء في مسألة مطالبة الكفيل ابتداء وترك الأصيل. والمبحث الخامس:المخرج الشرعي لعدم إلزام الكفيل بكفالته. ثم الخاتمة وأهم التوصيات، ثم فهرس المراجع وفهرس الموضوعات.
Review Artikel: Metode Teknologi Dalam Sistem Penghantaran Obat Transdermal Sediaan Patch
Authors: Assyfa  , Azizah Nurhabibah  , Nurul Maulida  , Shofia Difa Aulia  , Siti Nurcahyati  , Yuliani Dewi  , Nia Yuniarsih  
Published: January 2023

Transdermal is a route of drug administration through the skin, where many lipid layers are difficult to penetrate so that transdermal preparations are needed as a place for drug entry, for example creams and gels. The mechanism of drug delivery is through diffusion of the stratum corneum layer through lipid molecules, before releasing the drug in a controlled and constant manner followed by various other benefits and aims to increase the pharmacological effect in order to reach the maximum level. However, the permeability of the drug is not strong enough to pass through the stratum corneum. So we need a transdermal preparation that can work optimally and overcome the obstacles. This study aims to demonstrate the form, evaluation, formulation, and application of transdermal preparations in new drug delivery systems. Method used literature review of the 10 most journal articles and contains related information. Based on the research results, transdermal dosage forms differ depending on the level of concentration and each technological method needs adapted to the characteristics drug and the route of drug delivery given.
Decision Tree Dalam Analisis Keputusan Pembelian Program Pada Perkumpulan Penggiat Programmer Indonesia
Authors: Artanto Fenilinas Adi , Rosyadi Imam , Rahmawati Siti Elisa , Pangestu Haifan Tri Buwono Joyo 
Published: January 2023

Perkumpulan Penggiat Programmer Indonesia adalah sebuah perkumpulan programmer yang menjadi wadah bagi programmer untuk menjual program yang mereka buat atau menjadi tempat dalam penjualan jasa pembuatan sebuah program. Tentunya dalam membeli sebuah program pasti akan ada beberapa alasan yang akan membuat pembeli tertarik dan akhirnya membeli produk pemrogramman. daar ataupun faktor dalam membeli sebuah program bisa digunakan sebagai salah satu acuan dalam pengembangan sebuah produk pemrogramman yang nantinya kan menarik untuk untuk dibeli oleh konsumen. analisa faktor-faktor pendukung keputusan dalam membeli program menjadi dasar pengembangan. dilakukan. Digunakanya metode data mining dalam menganalisis faktor-faktor keputusan pembelian konsumen. algoritma yang digunakan adalah decision tree dikarenakan algoritma tersebut memiliki keunggulan dalam kemudahan dalam membaca hasil analisis karena tersaji dalam bentuk pohon keputusan. dari algortima decision tree didapatkan bahwa kecepatan pengerjaan dan kemudahan dalam mengunakan produk menjadi alasan konsumen untuk membeli produk di Persatuan Penggiat Programmer Indonesia dengan tingkat akurasi sebesar 83,33%. nantinya para programmer di Perkumpulan Pengiat Programmer Indonesia bisa meningkatkan pembelian produk dengan meningkatkan kecepatan dalam menyelesaikan produk dan kemudahan dalam penggunaan produk pemrogramman.
C5 Activation by Enzymes of the Alternative Pathway of the Complement System. The Reaction of a C3 Cleaving Cobra Factor-B-Enzyme (VF-B̄) with Guinea Pig C5
Authors: Bitter-Suermann D. , Jaeth H. , Brade V. , Kossorotow A. , Hadding U. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Cobra venom factor (VF) is able to form a complex with Factor B of the alternative pathway of the complement system, which then in the presence of Factor D or trypsin is activated to the C3 cleaving enzyme VF-B̄. C3 activation caused by the enzyme in serum is accompanied by an activation of the components C5 to C9. The reaction mechanism which controls the activation of C5 has been unclear until now. We have generated the VF-B̄ enzyme in three different ways; I, with VF in serum followed by purification of the enzyme; II, with VF, B and D and subsequent Sephadex G-200 gelfiltration; and III, with VF, B and trypsin and subsequent Sephadex G-200 gelfiltration.
The activity of these three enzymes was tested against purified guinea pig C3, C5, and a mixture of C3 and C5. The following observations were made: All three enzymes induce fast C3 activation with accumulation of C3b and C3a; C3b is detected afterward on the enzymes antigenically, on enzyme I immediately after the generation and purification procedure.
Human C3b Inactivator (C3b INA): A New Purification Method, and Studies with the Highly Purified Protein
Authors: Schultz D. R. , Arnold P. I. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
C3b INA was purified from normal human serum by a five-step method at 4°C. The method separates C3b INA from C2, C6, C7, C8, IgG, IgA, hemopexin, and transferrin, some of which have presented problems in other reported procedures. Activity was tested with EAC43 by the immune-adherence inhibition assay. Step 1: C1 was precipitated at low ionic strength, pH 7.5 Step 2: The supernatant was applied to a DEAE-cellulose column (buffer; 5 mM sodium phosphate, 70 mM NaCl, 2 mM EDTA, pH 7.5). All of the C3b INA was found in an effluent protein peak. Step 3: Fifteen per cent polyethylene glycol “6000” and 10 mM EDTA (protein adjusted to 3 mg/ml) precipitated most of the C8, IgG, and IgA, whereas most of the transferrin, hemopexin, C2, and C3b INA were in the supernatant. Step 4: Hydroxylapatite chromatography (buffer; 50 mM Na, K phosphate, pH 6.9). A linear gradient of starting buffer and 300 mM K phosphate caused the elution of C3b INA at a conductance of 10 mmhos/cm, whereas C2 eluted later.
Requirement for Direct Cellular Contact for Immunosuppression by a Murine Virus-Induced Lymphoma (FBL-3)
Authors: Cimprich Roberta S. , Specter Steven , Friedman Herman 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
FBL-3 lymphoma cells, originating in Friend leukemia virus recipient C57BL/6 mice injected at birth with the leukemia virus, induce a transient solid tumor when injected subcutaneously into syngeneic mice or a rapidly progressing tumor when injected i.p. Spleen cells from mice bearing the tumor show an impaired immune response to sheep erythrocytes. Incubation of spleen cells from normal syngeneic mice with FBL-3 cells markedly reduced the expected antibody response to sheep red cells in a dose-related manner. Addition of tumor cells to normal spleen cells as late as 72 hr after culture initiation still inhibited antibody formation. In contrast, cell-free homogenates derived from these tumor cells did not cause significant depression of antibody formation, as occurred with the inducing leukemia virus per se. Separation of FBL-3 cells from target splenocytes by cell-impermeable membranes prevented immunosuppression. Irradiation of the tumor cells or heating at 56°C or more inhibited the immunosuppressive activity of the tumor cells. Thus, immunosuppression induced in vitro by FBL-3 cells is not a function of a nutritional deficiency induced by the tumor cells in vitro or by a soluble factor secreted by viable tumor cells; contact with functional FBL-3 cells is necessary for impairment of the normal immune function of splenocytes co-cultured with the tumor cells.
Complement Activation by Liposome-CRP Complexes: Influence of Membrane Composition
Authors: Alving Carl R. , Richards Roberta L. , Siegel Joan , Gewurz Henry 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Previous work has shown that under some conditions C-reactive protein (CRP) can interact with the phosphocholine components of phospholipids, and this results in complement (C) activation. Liposomes consisting of phospholipid, cholesterol (Chol), and either containing or lacking a charged lipid or galactosyl ceramide (Gal Cer), were assayed both for reactivity with CRP, and for C consumption and C-dependent membrane damage.
Adsorption studies showed that CRP bound equally well to positively charged liposomes regardless of the phosphatidylcholine (PC) fatty acyl chain length (dimyristoyl vs distearoyl PC) or of the presence of Gal Cer. Negatively charged liposomes also bound CRP, but to a lesser extent.
Despite the above binding studies, C-dependent membrane damage (resulting in glucose release) mediated by CRP was strongly dependent on charge, phospholipid fatty acyl chain length, Chol concentration, and Gal Cer. C damage resulting in glucose release occurred with liposomes containing a strong positive charge, but not with weakly positive, neutral, or negatively charged liposomes.
Complement Dependent and Independent Release Reaction and Changes in Ultrastructure of Blood Cells Incubated with Radiographic Contrast Media
Authors: Arroyave C. M. , Ring J. , Fritzler M. J. , Tan E. M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Peripheral leukocytes and platelets from 20 healthy volunteers were incubated in vitro with radiographic contrast media (diatrizoate—Hypaque, iothalamate—Conray an iodipamide—Cholografin) under varying conditions. All radiograpic contrast media (RCM) were able to induce histamine release from peripheral leucocytes and the release reaction was dose dependent. The addition of normal human serum (NHS) to the reaction mixture led to a further increase in histamine release (p &lt;0.01) probably due to complement activation. The mechanism seems to be mediated by proteins of the alternative pathway because serum depleted of complement components (factor B, factor D, properdin) did not show this synergistic effect. IgG-depleted serum, however, was able to show the augmented release reactions.
Washed platelets incubated with RCM released serotonin in a dose and time dependent reaction. The addition of plasma proteins to the reaction mixture inhibited the serotonin release quantitatively. There was no difference between autologous and heterologous plasma or serum in the inhibitory potency; sera depleted of various complement showed similar effects as NHS.
Purification and Metabolism of C1 Inhibitor and its Phenotypic Variants
Authors: Gadek J. E. , Hosea S. W. , Frank M. M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Previous methods for purification of C1 inhibitor (C1 INH) have often resulted in a significant loss of the protein's inhibitory capacity. We have employed procedures which permit recovery of this alpha-globulin with an activity equal to that present in normal serum on a per weight basis. Pooled normal human plasma is precipitated with polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) in the presence of epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA). The 20 to 40% precipitate contains all the C1 inhibitor antigen. This precipitation results in the exclusion of C1 esterase and plasminogen and represents a 4-fold increase in the concentration of C1 inhibitor relative to plasma. The C1 inhibitor is chromatographed in DEAE cellulose permitting separation from α1 antitrypsin and the majority of albumin. The C1 inhibitor fractions are pooled and run sequentially on Sephacryl-200 and hydroxyapatite columns. The C1 inhibitor obtained after HT chromatography is devoid of contaminating proteins when subjected to disc gel electrophoresis in S.D.S.
Inhibition of Nephritic Factor-Dependent C3 Convertase: Isolation of a Natural Inhibitor of C3 Conversion from the Serum of a Patient with Nephritic Factor and Nephritis
Authors: Lise Halbwachs , Jacques Leibowitch , Hamburger J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
One patient with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN Type II), known to have nephritic factor (NF), was incidently found to have no C3 convertase activity in his serum. The negative serum, in fact, yielded high amounts of Mg++ dependent C3 convertase activity after fractionation. The inhibitory factor(s) (INH) was found to be a dialyzable, heat-stable substance filtering through a Sephadex G-50 with an apparent molecular weight of 4000 daltons.
In the presence of INH, Inulin (12 mg/ml), semi-purified P̄ (DEAE and SPC 25 Sephadex preparation) and NF (DEAE, SPC 25 and Sephadex G-200 preparation) from different sources are incapable of converting C3. CoVF-induced C3 conversion is inhibited only with low concentration of the activator (less than 10 µg/ml). ZX (zymozan incubated with C2-deficient serum for 5 minutes at 18°C and washed) which converts 8 µg purified C3-EDTA in 10 minutes at 27°C, is totally inactive when INH is added during the formation of the insoluble C3 convertase.
Hypocomplementemia in Feline Lymphosarcoma
Authors: Kobilinsky L. , Hardy W. D. , Kassel R. , Old L. J. , Day N. K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a contagiously spread oncornavirus that causes malignant transformation of lymphoid cells. Feline cells transformed by FeLV produce a new cell surface antigen, the Feline Oncornavirus Associated Cell Membrane Antigen (FOCMA), which is a tumor-specific cellular antigen specified by, but not part of, the virion (Hardy, in press). An indirect immunofluorescent antibody test for FeLV antigens in leukocytes of peripheral blood indicates that approximately 90% of cats with lymphosarcoma (LSA) are infected with FeLV. In response to infection the cat may produce FeLV neutralizing and/or FOCMA antibodies.
In the present study functional levels of total complement (TCH50), C4, C2, and Factor B were determined in cat sera. Protein levels of C1q were estimated by radial immunodiffusion using monospecific antiserum against cat C1q. A total of 60 animals were studied, 32 of which were normal and FeLV negative.
Isolated Deficiencies of the Fifth and Eighth Components of Complement (C) in two Families: Clinical, Genetic and Biological Correlations
Authors: Snyderman R. , Pike M. C. , McCarty G. A. , Ward F. E. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Rapid advances in our understanding of the biochemistry and biology of C are being made, but the precise role of C in vivo is still poorly defined. The correlation of isolated deficiencies of C components in humans with clinical status, inheritance, and biological activity in vitro will better elucidate the function of C in vivo. In the past year we have identified two patients with isolated C component deficiencies. A severe deficiency of C5 (&lt;2% of normal) was found in a previously healthy 21-year-old women with disseminated gonococcemia. Antibodies to DNA or to nucleoprotein were undetectable. In one year, despite vigorous antibiotic therapy and counseling, she had five recurrences of gonococcemia. Her twin sister (C5 &lt;2% of normal) had one episode of suspected gonococcemia but has been otherwise healthy. Neither of the twins had any C5 protein detectable by radial immunodiffusion. The mother, a brother, and his son had C5 levels of ca. half normal.